bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementierung eines Reichweitenmanagementsystems für Elektrobusse
Authors: Gödker Markus , Stahl Jacob , Reins Tobias , Heidinger Jan , Franke Thomas
Published: October 2020

This guideline describes approaches for the implementation of assistance systems for the range management of electric buses in public transport by means of a demonstrator system, which can ecologically and economically optimize the operation of electric buses and support the driving personnel. It will be discussed which preconditions are necessary and which assistance approaches can be supportive. The description and documentation of the demonstrator system serves as an example for application in a public transport setting or for transfer to other electromobility applications (e.g. logistics). This guideline is addressed to public transport companies and interested parties from science, research, and development.
Effects of Some Monetary Variables on Fixed Investment in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Ralarala Ombeswa , Ncanywa Thobeka
Published: October 2020

Monetary variables are not only important for the attainment of stable inflation but also for exercising influences in various ways on the behavior of the real economy, including the level of investment activity. Investment is very crucial in improving a country’s productivity and growth and increasing its competitiveness in the long run. The study aims to investigate how monetary variables such as lending rates, exchange rate, and money supply affect investment actions in some selected Sub-Saharan African countries in the period 1980–2018. Using the panel autoregressive distributive lag method in the long run, a negative and significant relationship between lending rates and investment was discovered. Also, investment is positively related to both money supply and exchange rate in the long run. It is recommended that when central banks take contractionary measures, they must always consider the resulting change in investment as it is an essential part of aggregate demand. In a sluggish economy, interest rates should not be raised to the point where investment is discouraged and assets are suppressed.
Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Haroutunian Armen , Malcolm Tennison , Zouki Thomas
Published: October 2020

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people world-wide, leading to physical incapacitation and financial strain. Common methods for treatment include physical therapy, oral medications, injections, surgery, and neuromodulation. Injectates with steroids and local anesthetics can be a temporizing measure with intolerable side effects. The use of autologous biologic injectates (e.g., platelet rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, tissue grafts, and stem cells) is growing in therapeutic potential and enthusiasm, giving hope to a subset of patients that have either failed conventional therapy or are not candidates for traditional steroid injections. In this chapter, we will describe different cases in which regenerative medicine can help in painful conditions as well as neuro-degenerative conditions. Regenerative medicine can be the new frontier in providing long lasting relief through changes in cell-signaling cascades, however further trials are needed to validate their use.
Ocular Melanoma
Authors: Regani Harika , G. Honavar Santosh
Published: October 2020

Ocular melanoma is the most common malignant tumor in adults after cutaneous melanoma. There is a wide clinical spectrum depending upon the location of the tumor. The various predispositions, risk factors, tumor classification, and treatment modalities are discussed. Choroidal melanoma is the most common type of ocular melanoma. Its management has evolved over the years. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) has helped to precisely classify choroidal melanoma and standardize its treatment. The future lies in the genetics which can help prognosticate and provide adjuvant treatment to patients at risk.
Pleistocene Climate Change in Central Europe
Authors: Banak Adriano , Mandic Oleg , Pavelić Davor , Kovačić Marijan , Lirer Fabrizio
Published: October 2020

Loess is terrestrial, clastic sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust. It is usually inter–bedded with paleosol horizons, forming loess-paleosol successions (LPS). Due to their characteristics LPS’s represent valuable records of climate changes during Pleistocene. The thickest LPS sections in Croatia are in the Baranja region. Stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analysis were made on loess malacofauna in order to quantify paleo-temperature changes and describe paleo-vegetation in this part of Central Europe. δ18O values show significant paleotemperature changes during the Upper Pleistocene (130 ky - 20 ky) in Baranja region. Average growing season (AGS) temperature varied 13.2 °C or 9.5 °C during that time period, depending on which formula is applied for calculations. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements show strong peaks in the paleosol horizons pointing to more humid climate. The overall climate was much cooler then present. Stable carbon isotope values point to dominance of C3 vegetation type during the Late Pleistocene in southern part of Central Europe. Climate change in the Late Pleistocene is very likely a significant but not the only factor that influenced the extinction of Neanderthal population which paved the way for the dominance of anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Central Europe.
Laparoscopic Right Colectomy. Intracorporeal Anastomosis Is Associated with Better Outcome
Authors: Aniello Santoro Giulio , Novello Simone , Grossi Ugo , Zucchella Martino , Kazemi Nava Andrea , Zanus Giacomo
Published: October 2020

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in man and woman in the developed world. Laparoscopic right colectomy is the standard of care for right colon cancer. Since the first report on laparoscopic approach in 1991, the surgical technique has been improved and currently all procedure is performed intracorporeally. The ileo-colic anastomosis can be performed either intracorporeal and extracorporeal: the differences in clinical outcome, complications rate, hospital stay and quality of life between that two techniques are not still clear and a large number of studies has been published about that. According to most recent meta-analysis, intracorporeal anastomosis have showed better outcome in anastomotic leakage rate, surgical site infection rate, development of incisional hernia, postoperative pain and recovery of gastrointestinal function.
The Nymph Architect of the Cicada Guyalna chlorogena: Behaviours and Ecosystem
Authors: François Béguin Claude
Published: October 2020

At the beginning of the last year of its larval life, the nymph of Guyalna chlorogena builds, from a vertical well, which is the result of a verticalization process from a deep horizontal gallery, a clay turret 20 to 40 cm high which appears as a regulating device of the physico-chemical conditions inside the burrow. The construction of the turret is remarkable for its finish. The nymph maintains, repairs and rebuilds it if necessary. It opens and closes it under certain circumstances. Before moulting, the nymph comes out at the top, opening it according to a set protocol and time schedule, using its chitins’ forelegs. The burrow is associated in a commensal relationship with arborescent Fabaceae species (of the Tachigali genus) through its nutrition mode, the suction of the elaborated sap in fine roots, close to the meristems.
Spiritual Environment Management Tool
Authors: Joelle Maria
Published: October 2020

This chapter is about the spiritual environment management tool, which includes spirituality at work and spiritual practices. This management tool is divided into two steps: diagnostic of the worker’s perceptions about spirituality at work (first step) and spiritual practices design (second step). By meaning, spirituality at work can help healthcare managers to build effective teamwork in medicine. Spirituality at work has a multidimensional and measurable nature and is aligned with the three principles of the World Health Organization, based on two arguments: the new approach should be preventive and should promote partnership. This fact allows the managers as well the human resource department to classify the organizational environment on the next spiritual issues in the first step: meaningful work; opportunities for inner life; the sense of community; alignment with the organization’s value; emotional balance and inner peace. The reduction of medical errors to improve patient safety require the performance of multistep tasks of the great complexity of healthcare professionals, and this chapter pretends to show how the spiritual environment management tool can contribute with the “all working together” goal through a multi-disciplinary care team.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Homeopathy
Authors: Drofenik Mihael
Published: October 2020

The well-known definition of disease, which Samuel Hahnemann presented in a tentative theory for his new science and art of healing, is used as the starting point for the thermodynamic model of homeopathy. The Le Chatelier principle was applied to the biochemical equilibrium compartmentalized in the individual human cells of an ill person to explain the curing based on the re-establishment of the starting equilibrium of a healthy person when using a remedy. It is revealed that a high dilution accompanied by succession is required to release the remedies to their constituent molecular species in order to increase their activity when taking part in the biochemical equilibrium that is essential for healing. In addition, a single remedy reaction-product species, when it is in excess, as well as satisfying the kinetic equilibrium, is a necessary and sufficient condition to force the new biochemical equilibrium in the direction of the basic original equilibrium associated with a healthy state. In addition, homeopathic aggravation is considered on the basis of the Law of Mass Action and the role of the small remedy concentration in some high-profile models is revisited. The second elementary law of homeopathy, the Law of the Infinitesimals, was explained based on a kinetic model. When a remedy occurs in the human cell of a healthy person and forms a reaction product (Simillimum) that induces the finest medical symptoms of an ill person, then remedies entering the cell of the ill person will form identical Simillimum molecules and re-establish the initial equilibrium of the healthy state and cure the ill person. However, this will also induce a molecular crowding in the cells of the ill person. For kinetic reasons, this will aggravate the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium and consequently worsen or even interrupt the medical treatment. At a low remedy concentration, the molecular crowding becomes negligible while the formation of the Simillimum and the re-establishment of the initial equilibrium will take place continuously and cure the person who is ill. The final understanding of the Simillimum in the thermodynamic model was illuminated and wide-opened its duality with the ill person’s key compound.
New species of Hercostomus Loew, 1857 from Afrotropics (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and key to Afrotropical fauna
Authors: Grichanov Igor Ya.
Published: October 2020

Five new species of Hercostomus Loew, 1857 from Kenya, Namibia, Tanzania and South Africa are described and illustrated. They belong to the Hercostomus longiventris lineage, which also appears similar to the Palaearctic H. chetifer subgroup and the Oriental H. takagii and H. absimilis groups on the basis of the modified male fore tarsus. The male cercus of almost all Afrotropical species is remarkable in having ventral processes or projections and are conditionally divided into H. nectarophagus and H. perturbus subgroups on the basis of the presence of one or two ventral projections on the cercus, respectively. Hercostomus brandbergensis sp. nov. and H. fedotovae sp. nov. are associated with the H. nectarophagus subgroup; H. koshelevae sp. nov., H. vikhrevi sp. nov., and H. sanipass sp. nov. are associated with the H. perturbus subgroup. The new species differ by fine structures of the male fore tarsus, cercus and postgonite. An identification key to males of 23 Afrotropical species of Hercostomus is compiled for the first time. New records are given for some known species.
Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section in Detection of Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Alkhateb Rahaf , Menon Preethi Dileep , Tariq Hamza , Hackman Sarah , Nazarullah Alia , Mais Daniel D.
Published: October 2020

Context.—

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is an aggressive form of fungal sinusitis, which remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and intervention are keys to improving patient outcomes. Intraoperative consultation has shown promise in facilitating early surgical intervention, but the accuracy of frozen section has not been clarified in this setting.

Objectives.—

To assess the accuracy of frozen-section diagnosis in patients with clinically suspected AIFRS.

Design.—

All cases of clinically suspected AIFRS during a 10-year period (2009–2019) were retrospectively reviewed. The frozen-section results were compared with the final permanent sections as well as the tissue fungal culture results, following which the accuracy of frozen section was determined.

Results.—

Forty-eight patients with 133 frozen-section evaluations for AIFRS were included in the study. Thirty of 48 patients and 61 of 133 specimens were positive for AIFRS on final pathology. Of 30 positive patients, 27 (90%) had at least 1 specimen diagnosed as positive during intraoperative consultation; among the 61 positive specimens, 54 (88.5%) were diagnosed as positive during intraoperative consultation. Of 72 negative specimens, all were interpreted as negative on frozen section. Thus, frozen sections had a sensitivity of 88.5% (95% CI, 0.78–0.97), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 0.94–1), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 0.92–1), and negative predictive value of 90.6% (95% CI, 0.82–0.97).

Conclusions.—

This study represents the largest series assessing the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section analysis in AIFRS. These findings are useful in frozen section–informed intraoperative decision making.
Pronominalkasus i subjekt med bestemmende relativsætning
Authors: Petersen Jan Heegård , Schack Jørgen , Jensen Eva Skafte
Published: October 2020

This paper reports a study of the distribution of the nominative and the oblique form in personal pronouns in Danish, specifically the distribution of the two case forms in subjects constructed as a personal pronoun with a restrictive relative clause (of the type de/ dem der kom til tiden, fik en god plads ‘they/them who arrived on time, had a good seat’). The distribution is studied in written as well as spoken data. The aims are 1) to map out the actual distribution in authentic data, 2) to explain any discrepancies from the norm, be it in terms of register (spoken vs. written data) and/or grammatically
RECENZJA KSIĄŻKI WOJCIECHA RAFAŁOWSKIEGO „OPISYWANIE I WYJAŚNIANIE SYSTEMU PARTYJNEGO. METODY POMIARU”
Authors: Haman Jacek
Published: October 2020

Polska politologia od lat cierpi na te same trudności: brak szerszego odniesienia teoretycznego, a w konsekwencji słabe nawiązanie do nauki światowej oraz koncentracja na studiach przypadku, często sprowadzających się do bezplanowego relacjonowania rzeczywistości. Co prawda omawianą książkę napisał socjolog, ale jest to książka par excellence politologiczna: bardzo gruntownie oparta na teorii politologicznej i najnowszej światowej literaturze, sama lokująca się w głównym nurcie nauki światowej – ilościowych badaniach porównawczych, a ze względu na tematykę i sposób jej ujęcia mogłaby być opublikowana równie dobrze na Zachodzie. Należy mieć tylko nadzieję, że polscy studenci politologii oraz politologowie – badacze skorzystają z okazji, jaką daje im pojawienie się takiej książki na polskim rynku wydawniczym, a nie przeciwnie – przestraszą się wymagań, jakie może ona stawiać czytelnikowi.
RECENZJA KSIĄŻKI BARRY’EGO SCHWARTZA „PARADOKS WYBORU”
Authors: Idzikowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

Temat książki Barry’ego Schwartza Paradoks wyboru dobrze ilustruje już sam moment jej zakupu – czytelnik, stojąc w księgarni przed półką z tą właśnie pozycją, natknie się na absurdalny wybór. Książka w polskiej wersji językowej wydana jest przez PWN w dwóch wersjach: z okładką, na której zobaczymy sześć bombek choinkowych w pudełku lub niemal identyczną, ale z pisankami wielkanocnymi w wytłaczance na jajka. Oczywiście wybór okładki jest bez znaczenia dla treści, jednak zmuszeni jesteśmy go dokonać, nawet jeżeli już postanowiliśmy kupić książkę. Barry Schwartz opisuje w Paradoksie wyboru problemy związane ze współczesną „tyranią wyboru”, czyli z ciągle rosnącą liczbą decyzji, które ludzie muszą podejmować na co dzień oraz z rosnącą liczbą możliwości i różnorodności wyboru. Z jednej strony można w tym zjawisku dostrzegać większą wolność i swobodę działania, z drugiej jednak strony autor dowodzi, że nadmierny wybór kosztuje. W książce poruszane są zagadnienia dotyczące psychologii podejmowania decyzji, jak i rozważania na temat wolności, poczucia szczęścia oraz zdrowia jednostki w kontekście nadmiernego wyboru. Autor pokazuje, dlaczego nadmierny wybór wpływa raczej negatywnie na nasze życie. Na końcu jednak daje kilka rad i wskazówek, jak obronić się przed „tyranią wyboru”.
Psychological foundations of teamwork training
Authors: Iurtaeva Marina Nikolaevna , Glukhanyuk Natalya Stepanovna
Published: October 2020

The subject of this research is the individual psychological characteristics for learning teamwork skills. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by solving the tasks of teaching team interaction skills in the process of professional training of specialists, as well by insufficient empirical data on psychological mechanisms of pedagogical influence upon the effectiveness of tram-building process. The goal consists in comparing individual traits of the students and nature of their relationships, which determine the type of team interaction. For achieving the set goal and verification of the advanced hypothesis, the author surveyed teams of students (N=11) based on quasi-experimental plan. Along with the comparative design and correlation design, the author also applied the following psychodiagnostic methods: Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI), questionnaire for emotional intelligence by D. V. Lusin, “lifestyle index” method (adapted by L. I. Wasserman and others), characterological questionnaire by G. Shmishek, self-esteem model by A. Budassi; as well as statistical methods: Kruskal-Wallis criterion, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Based on the acquired results, the author empirically describes the types of team: “introverted”, “restless-intellectual”, “inconsistent”, “narcissistic”, and “aggressive-manipulative”. Comparability of the types of teams with characteristics of “dark triad-tetrad” is determined. The novelty of this work consists in the empirical substantiation of differential approach towards teaching teamwork skills, as well as in outlining the two key trends in pedagogical work with the students. The first is aimed at overcoming social insecurity by means of intellectual self-affirmation. The second implies the students’ desire to exercise control over emotions and the object of relations. The proposed recommendations for work with each type of team can be implemented in pedagogical practice of the higher school.
The impact of psychological separation from parents upon goal-setting of students from single-parent families
Authors: Litvinova Anna Viktorovna
Published: October 2020

Psychological separation is viewed as a determinant of the development of goal-setting at student age. The subject of this research is the correlation between the characteristics of psychological separation (emotional, functional, attitude, conflict) and goal-setting (value semantic – values-goals, values-means, life-meaning orientations) and operational (system of self-regulation of voluntary activity) levels of young people from single-parent families. Sampling involved 49 students (18 males and 31 females). The following questionnaire-based surveys were used in the course of this research: “Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI)” by J. Hoffman, “Adaptation” by V. P. Dzukaeva and T. Y. Sadovnikova, “Value Orientations” method by M. Rokeach, “Life-Meaning Orientations” test by D. A. Leontyev, “Style of Self-Regulation of Behavior” by V. I. Mirosanova. The author determined valid differences between psychological separation from parents, value-semantic and operational characteristics of goal-setting among young people from single-parent families. The statistically significant correlations of the indicated characteristics are highlighted. The impact of psychological separation from parents upon values-goals and values-means, life strategies and individual characteristics of self-regulation of the activity of young people from single-parent families in the process of setting and achieving the goals, are analyzed in the context of logic of the functional approach of V .K. Shabelnikov. The novelty of this research consists in clarification of the role of psychological separation from parents in development of value-semantic and operational characteristics of goal-setting at student age.
“Congenial people”, “dissonant people” and “image of the word” of a mature person
Authors: Alperovich Valeriya
Published: October 2020

This research is dedicated to the problem of correlation between perception of other people by a subject and phenomenon of the “image of the world”. This topic is relevant for scholars of humanities in different countries in conditions of aggravation of various macrosocial conflicts. A theoretical study is conducted on correlations between the phenomena of “image of the world”, “worldview”, “model of the world”,  and approaches of the Russian psychology towards them. The author explores the results of empirical study of the “image of the world”, reflected in drawings, through the prism of metaphorical representations of a mature person on “congenial people” and “dissonant people”. The goal consists on carrying out a comparative analysis of peculiarities of the “image of the world” among persons differing in metaphorical representations on “congenial people” and “dissonant people”. The subject of this research is the metaphors of "congenial person” and “dissonant person”, the basic principles of a person and types of the “image of the world” depicted in drawings and verbal characteristics. The scientific novelty lies in the development of additional parameters for the analysis of the “image of the world” of a person, reflected in drawings. This article is first to determine correlations between different types of metaphors of “congenial person” and “dissonant person” as communication partners, and parameters of the “image of the world” of a person depicted in drawings. The conclusion is made that attribution of positive metaphorical socio-psychological characteristics to “congenial people” and “dissonant people” is associated with positive assessment of the objects of surrounding world. Stereotypization of images of other people as communication partners correlates with such of the “image of the world” in consciousness of a subject. The research results indicate that perceptions of “congenial people” and “dissonant people” by the subject affect their “image of the world”. The presented materials can be used in socio-psychological counseling for elaboration of the programs of correcting the system of relations of the subject to themselves and other people.
Methodological aspects of regulation of neuroresearch and neurotechnologies in neuroethics
Authors: Sidorova Tatyana
Published: October 2020

This article is dedicated to methodological questions in ethical regulation of neuroresearch. Neuroethics has emerged recently within the framework of the neuro-trend in modern technoscience; its regulatory capabilities are yet to be discovered. Sciences that study human brain and behavior orient towards existing institutions of ethical regulation, which do not consider the complexity and specificity of the emerging threats and risks. The author examines the circumstances for formation of the research ethics and points of intersection with neuroethics. Research ethics is viewed as a part of bioethics, which not only assessed the potential harm for the examinees, but also the social and anthropological consequences of scientific and technological development. The author provides a “narrow” understanding of research ethics as a system of rules within the framework of particular disciplines, and as a clinical research practice. Based on the historically established ethical regulation of clinical research and the forming beneath our eyes rules of modification of human genome and artificial intelligence, the author demonstrates contradictions and trends of the separate regulatory systems, which should be taken into account to prevent risks in neuroresearch and prediction of social implications of the spread of neurotechnologies. Ethical examination became a part of a complex system of international control of clinical research, which leads to fading of the value component aimed at protection of research subjects. The author underlines two factors that form the types of harm peculiar to neuroresearch: orientation towards technological realization and vulnerability of mental sphere as a subject of research. The conclusion is made on inefficiency of application of the calculation of harm/advantage in ethical assessment of neuroresearch. Leaning on the experience of bioethics, neuroethics requires development of the own systems of rules that would become the institutions of neuroethical regulation. For preventing formalization of ethical control, it is essential to advance extensive socio-humanistic assessment of new achievements in neuroscience, as well as neuroethical education for the scientists.
Determining factors in the development of coronary plates and obstructions
Authors: Muradas Soraya Andrea Delefrate , Nakamura Amanda Sayuri , Dornelas Neto Jader , Lorencete Taisa Valques , Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the largest cause of mortality in the world. The main risk factors for its development include systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To search for predictors of the development of plaques and obstructions in coronary arteries and to determine whether the exercise test is a reliable pretest for coronary angiotomography. Methods: 883 computed tomography reports of coronaries were analyzed. Sociodemographic information, health conditions and results of the exercise test from patients were collected, along with calcium score, percentile and number of arterial segments with significant obstruction. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance was considered for p<0.05. Results: It observed that the statistically significant predictors to the calcium score were male, being over 60 years old, having type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension. There was no relationship with high BMI and coronary obstruction. Regarding the exercise test, it was possible to observe that the majority of individuals who were positive in the exercise test, did not have a positive calcium score or significant coronary obstructions. Conclusion: The predictors for the development of coronary plaques and obstructions were male, aged ≥60 years, having type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension.
Descriptive study of the epidemiological profile of deaths by suicide in the state of Roraima, Brazil, from 2014 to 2017
Authors: Macedo João Pedro Soares de , Cardoso Thalia Inácia Araújo
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Suicide is one of the top three reasons of death worldwide for the 15- to 44-year age range. The Brazilian state of Roraima has shown indicators that draw attention when compared to national rates of suicide. In this sense, for the proposal of preventive measures appropriate to the state’s reality, it is important to understand the local epidemiological particularities. Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of deaths by suicide in the state of Roraima, Brazil, between 2014 and 2017. Methods: Descriptive, population-based documentary research. The source of information was the database from the Brazilian public health system (DATASUS). The analysis included deaths by residence caused by suicide from 2014 to 2017. Cut-outs were established according to the variables incidence by municipality, marital status, age, gender, color/race, place of occurrence and method of suicide. Results: 176 deaths were reported in the state of Roraima during the period studied. The average mortality coefficient was 8,6/100.000 inhabitants. Deaths were more frequent among men (73.9%), aged 20 to 29 years (31.2%), resident in the state capital (52.8%), brown (64.2%) or indigenous (25.6%) and single (69.9%). The main suicide method was hanging, strangulation and suffocation (87.5%), with the domicile being the most usual place (72.1%). Conclusion: The results imply the need to act on the problem, which grows in proportion and gains prominence in the national indicators. Suspicion of suicidal behavior in the face of consolidated data may reduce the incidence.
Athlete older women and sedentary controls: compairing the incidence of frailty, physical aspects and falls
Authors: Silva Letícia Pophal da , Santana Ariadne Leal , Suzuki Carolina Sayuri Santos , Moreira Natália Boneti
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The aging process results in falls, frailty, and functional dependence. However, the practice of physical exercises can prevent negative impacts on the older adult health. Objective: To compare the incidence of frailty, physical aspects, and number of falls among older adult women and sedentary controls. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design and included 70 community-dwelling older adult women (73.96±7.52 years). The frailty phenotype (Fried Criteria) and the history of falls in the last 12 months were analyzed, followed by the evaluation of muscle power (Five times Sit-to-Stand Test), functional mobility (Time Up and Go), balance (Mini BESTest) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale). The Mann Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The frailty rate among sedentary women (Pre-frail: 42.9%; Frail: 57.1%) was different from athlete women (Non frail: 100%). The rate of falls was the same in both groups (25.7%), however, sedentary controls fell at home (100%), while older adult athlete women fell in sports activities (88.9%). The athletes showed better scores (p<0.001) in all physical aspects when compared to the sedentary controls in muscle power (11.25 vs 24.10 seconds), functional mobility (10.01 vs. 16.04 seconds), balance (27 vs 19 points) and fear of falling (16 vs 27 points). Conclusion: Ahlete older women had lower frailty rates and fear of falling, as well as better physical aspects. The characteristics of falls were different, indicating the need and the importance of contemplating the lifestyle in prevention programs promoting healthy life for older adults.
Autocura: Como Vem Sendo Investigada e de Que Forma Impacta no Processo Saúde-Doença
Authors: Catarucci Fernanda Martin , Spagnuolo Regina Stella , Patricio Karina Pavão
Published: October 2020

Contextualização: A crescente popularidade da medicina complementar reflete a busca da sociedade por práticas que busquem a integralidade do cuidado e outros valores mais complexos, além de ser um importante fator em saúde pública. Objetivo: Este estudo consiste de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional sobre autocura, investigada no período de 2001 a 2016. Métodos: Alicerçado pelo referencial metodológico de Ganong (1987), foram selecionados 108 artigos nas bases de dados. Para organizar os dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo na vertente temática proposta por Bardin (2011). Resultados: Houve uma produção majoritária internacional (93,5%). O método quantitativo foi predominante (63%); sendo 66,5% transversais e 33,5% prospectivos. O número de publicações apresentou crescimento até 2008 (15%), mas a partir de 2009 ocorre uma queda de mais da metade da produção (6,5%). Desvelou-se três categorias: “características dos usuários”, “a relação entre os profissionais de saúde e a autocura” e “as práticas da autocura”. Conclusão: Esta revisão integrativa mostrou que já existe um volume de artigos que procura compreender e avaliar o processo de autocura na vida das pessoas. A inclusão de disciplinas nas universidades sobre esta temática e o incentivo a pesquisas de natureza clínica podem mapear outras dimensões do conhecimento na área, estimulando sua prática e podendo contribuir com políticas públicas no âmbito da saúde.
Efeito da Fisioterapia Pélvica nas Disfunções Sexuais da Mulher: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Luz Erondina Lucia , Rzniski Tânia Aparecida Barbosa
Published: October 2020

Contextualização: A disfunção sexual feminina (DSF) caracteriza-se como dor e desconforto nas diferentes fases da relação sexual, impactando diretamente nas relações afetivas diárias dos que vivenciam. No Brasil, a disfunção sexual chega a atingir 49% da população feminina, e, de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) isto é considerado um problema de saúde pública. Contudo, a fisioterapia pélvica é vista como uma forma efetiva de tratamento e melhora na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar uma revisão integrativa a fim de identificar os efeitos da fisioterapia pélvica nas disfunções sexuais da mulher. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca bibliográfica de artigos científicos publicados nas bases SciELO, LILACS, Science Direct e PubMed, com os descritores physiotherapy, sexual dysfunction e women’s health combinadas entre si nos idiomas inglês e português. A busca se deu entre janeiro e junho de 2020 e o ano da publicação não foi utilizado como critério de seleção. Resultados: A busca inicial encontrou 57.049 títulos, que, após serem filtrados foram reduzidos para apenas 1.560 artigos. Destes, apenas 3 foram condizentes com a pesquisa. Conclusão: Com base nesta revisão, pode-se concluir que as condutas fisioterapêuticas nas disfunções sexuais das mulheres se apresentam de forma satisfatória, com melhora significativa em até dez atendimentos. As técnicas abordadas incluem treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, eletroterapia e procedimentos manuais. Ainda assim, é necessário que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas na área, com o intuito de melhorar a disfunção sexual das mulheres e consequentemente a qualidade de vida destas.
Diseño e implementación de una base de conocimiento terminológico sobre enfermedades raras
Authors:   Universidade de Vigo (España), Varela Vila Tamara , Sánchez Trigo Elena ,   Universidade de Vigo (España)
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo se centra en la elaboración de recursos terminográficos de base conceptual para la gestión de la terminología médica. Se presenta una base de conocimiento terminológico bilingüe (francés y español) sobre un numeroso grupo de enfermedades raras: los errores innatos del metabolismo. El recurso diseñado permite acceder a la terminología utilizada para denominar estas enfermedades, sus síntomas y signos de una forma conceptualmente estructurada. En primer lugar, tras el marco teórico, se describen las fases seguidas para la elaboración de la base de conocimiento: compilación, etiquetado y explotación del corpus de trabajo y construcción de la ontología subyacente. En segundo lugar, se recogen sus datos más significativos y se muestran las funcionalidades de la interfaz de consulta. Su finalidad es describir el subdominio y servir como fuente de información en la traducción especializada.
Alcances y límites de un mapa prosódico
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Román Domingo , Muñoz-Builes Diana ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Quezada Camilo ,   Universidad de Chile, Atria José Joaquín ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el primer “Mapa prosódico de Chile”, un proyecto de largo alcance que pretende documentar y describir, fonética y fonológicamente, los rasgos suprasegmentales del español hablado por chilenos. Para entender su dimensión, se proporciona una caracterización de los mapas prosódicos que se encuentran actualmente en curso, tales como AMPER, ATLES y otros relacionados, analizando los parámetros estudiados en cada uno de ellos y enfatizando en sus fundamentos, orientaciones y alcances. Finalmente, se incluye una reflexión sobre las herramientas libres para construir mapas en internet, especialmente del proyecto OpenStreetMap, y sus posibilidades para futuros trabajos internacionales coordinados.
From the concepts of meaning and reference to the concept of prototypicality
Authors:   UTAD (Portugal), Assunção Carlos , Araújo Carla ,   IPB (Portugal), Fernandes Gonçalo ,   UTAD (Portugal)
Published: October 2020

Meaning is a uniquely human phenomenon. In linguistics, this subject matter is especially complex, considering the multiplicity of theoretical approaches and the variety of disciplinary fields that address the issue. A similar concern applies to the concept of reference, because, although most linguists today agree that meaning and reference form two different realities, the discussion about the relation between these two terms has not yet been fully examined. Cognitive Linguistics has made a great contribution to this discussion by recognizing that we cannot present the postulate of the existence of a level of meaning that belongs only to language and is distinct from the level at which the meaning of linguistic forms is associated with the knowledge of the world. The objective of this work is to show that, with Cognitive Linguistics, the ideas of meaning and reference are re-equated and have gained strength in the scope of linguistic studies reinforced by the concept of prototype. For such purpose this text describes the way these concepts have evolved based on their theorisation, paying particular attention to cognitive semantics, but not intending to make an exhaustive theoretical-methodological analysis of them.
Desarrollo de un test de nivel de comprensión pragmática para estudiantes sinohablantes de español como lengua extranjera
Authors:   Universitat Rovira i Virgili (España), Gibert-Escofet M. Isabel , Gutiérrez-Colón Plana Mar ,   Universitat Rovira i Virgili (España), Medina Garcia Pedro-Manuel ,   Departament de Justicia de la Genaralitat de Catalunya (España)
Published: October 2020

El objetivo principal de este estudio es la creación de un test de nivel de comprensión pragmática para estudiantes sinohablantes de español como lengua extranjera. Los resultados de este estudio muestran un test estandarizado que cumple con los requisitos de utilidad (autenticidad, interactividad, impacto, practicabilidad y valoración y puntuación) propuestos por Bachman y Palmer (1996) para las pruebas de lengua y los requisitos estadísticos psicométricos de fiabilidad y validez.
Dosimetric and mechanical equivalency of Varian TrueBeam linear accelerators
Authors: Ghazal Mohammed , Södergren Lars , Westermark Mathias , Söderström Julia , Pommer Tobias
Published: October 2020

Purpose

To investigate and improve the level of equivalency of Varian TrueBeam linear accelerators (linacs) in energy‐, dosimetric leaf gap‐ (DLG) and jaw calibration.

Methods

Eight linacs with four photon energies: 6 MV, 6 MV FFF, 10 MV FFF, and 15 MV, and three electron energies (on two linacs): 6, 9, and 12 MeV were commisioned and beam‐matched. Initially, symmetry of lateral profiles was calibrated for maximum field size. Energy‐matching was then performed for photons by adjusting diagonal profiles at maximum field size and depth of maximum dose to coincide with the reference linac, and for electrons by matching the range at percentage depth of ionization of 90%, 80%, and 50%. Calibration of DLG was performed for 6 MV and evaluated among the linacs. The relationship between DLG and the Gap value was investigated. A method using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was developed and implemented for jaw calibration.

Results

Symmetry calibration for photons (electrons) was within 1% (0.7%), further improving the vendor's acceptance criteria. Photon and electron energy‐matching was within 0.5% and 0.1 mm, respectively. Calibration of DLG was within 0.032 mm among the linacs and utilizing the relationship between DLG and the Gap value resulted in an empirical calibration method which was implemented to simplify DLG adjustment. Using EPID‐based method of calibration, evaluation of the jaw‐positioning among the linacs for 30 cm × 30 cm field size was within 0.4 mm and in the junction area within 0.2 mm. Dose delivery error of VMAT‐plans were at least 99.2% gamma pass rate (1%, 1 mm).

Conclusions

High level of equivalency, beyond clinically accepted criteria, of TrueBeam linacs could be achieved which reduced dose delivery systematic errors and increased confidence in interchanging patients among linacs.
Boosting Oxygen Dissociation over Bimetal Sites to Facilitate Oxygen Reduction Activity of Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Sun He , Wang Mengfan , Zhang Shenghui , Liu Sisi , Shen Xiaowei , Qian Tao , Niu Xiaobin , Xiong Jie , Yan Chenglin
Published: October 2020

Zinc‐air battery is of great interest but its wide‐ranging application is impeded by the sluggish cathodic reactions, especially the oxygen reduction reaction. Despite blooming development in the past decades, achieving further breakthroughs in the activity improvement still appears challenging. Herein, the critical role of bimetal sites in boosting oxygen reduction activity is identified with the combination of theoretical calculations and electrochemical experiments. Density functional theory calculations suggest the elongation of OO bond over the dual‐atom system, which is beneficial to its following dissociation and thus enhances the efficiency of the reaction. The proof‐of‐concept electrocatalyst experimentally delivers a half‐wave potential of 0.92 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and kinetic current density of 51.9 mA cm−2, significantly outperforming the commercial Pt/C. Both aqueous and all‐solid‐state zinc‐air battery assembled with such catalyst demonstrate superior durability with little performance fluctuation, confirming their potential feasibility in the practical applications.
Ionotronic Luminescent Fibers, Fabrics, and Other Configurations
Authors: Yang Canhui , Cheng Sibo , Yao Xi , Nian Guodong , Liu Qihan , Suo Zhigang
Published: October 2020

A family of recently developed devices, hydrogel ionotronics, uses hydrogels as ionic conductors, and uses hydrophobic elastomers as dielectrics. This development has posed a challenge: integrate hydrogels and hydrophobic elastomers—in various manufacturing processes—with strong, stretchable, and transparent adhesion. Here, a multistep dip‐coating process is described to enable hydrogel ionotronics of diverse configurations. In doing so, a hydrophobic surface is primed to let a hydrophilic precursor wet it, and then polymers of different layers are interlinked with covalent bonds. As a representative example, an ionotronic luminescent fiber that can be lengthened to ≈2.5 times its original length and keeps functioning after 10 000 cycles of stretching is fabricated. A luminescent fabric that displays movable pixels and other configurations is also demonstrated. The proposed method of fabrication expands the design space for hydrogel ionotronics.
Hyperbolic Optical Metamaterials from Shear‐Aligned Block Copolymer Cylinder Arrays
Authors: Kilchoer Cédric , Abdelrahman Doha , Abdollahi S. Narjes , LaRocca Ava A. , Steiner Ullrich , Saba Matthias , Gunkel Ilja , Wilts Bodo D.
Published: October 2020

Hyperbolic metamaterials behave similarly to either metals or dielectrics depending on the polarization of incident light. This behavior is reflected in permittivity tensors having both negative and positive components, which leads to interesting optics such as negative refraction and super‐resolution imaging. To achieve this polarization‐dependent electromagnetic response, hyperbolic metamaterials require a strongly anisotropic nanostructure made from noble metals. Herein, a nanostructured array of aligned gold and silver nanocylinders that exhibit a strongly anisotropic optical response both in reflection and transmission are investigated. The plasmonic material is manufactured using films of aligned block copolymer (BCP) cylinders as template, where a uniform alignment is achieved by annealing in the presence of an external shear force. Metal deposition into a nanoporous polymer template resulted in free‐standing metal nanostructures consisting of a hexagonally packed in‐plane cylinder array supported by occasional interconnections between adjacent cylinders. 3D full‐wave simulations confirm the experimentally measured anisotropic response of the metallic nanocylinders and show that the interconnections between cylinders affect the optical response while maintaining the hyperbolic nature of the metamaterial. The large‐scale alignment of anisotropic BCP nanostructures provides useful templates for the fabrication of metal‐based optical materials with potential applications as polarizers, sensors, or angle‐dependent broadband absorbers.
Urticaceae leaves with stinging trichomes were already present in latest early Eocene Okanogan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: DeVore Melanie L. , Nyandwi Alphonse , Eckardt Winnie , Bizuru Elias , Mujawamariya Myriam , Pigg Kathleen B.
Published: October 2020

Premise

Paleontologists use tooth form to assess diets of fossil mammals. Plants would also be expected to adapt their morphology to respond to herbivory. Fossil nettle leaves with definitive stinging trichomes (tribe Urticeae, family Urticaceae) are described from the early Eocene upland lacustrine floras of the Okanogan Highlands, British Columbia, Canada. This is the first report of stinging trichomes in the fossil record. Their occurrence in western North America at a time of major large herbivorous mammal radiation suggests they acted, as they do today, as a deterrent for mammal herbivory.

Methods

Fossil leaf compressions and extant leaves were photographed with standard methods. Focus‐shift stacking was used to layer photos of the fossil leaves.

Results

Urticaceous fossil leaves from the Okanogan Highlands greatly resemble their modern relatives in leaf morphology and particularly in both stinging and nonstinging trichomes. Nettles are common components of the flora of the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. This region is used as a modern analogue for the Okanogan Highlands, based on comparable elevation, equable conditions that host both similar floras and large folivores.

Conclusions

Nettles in tribe Urticeae (Urticaceae) producing leaves with stinging and nonstinging trichomes were already present in the early Eocene of western North America at a pivotal time during the early radiation of modern mammalian herbivore groups. They offer tantalizing evidence of a selective response that plants may have developed to protect themselves from the evolving mammalian herbivores of that time.