bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Including the Sign Language Community in Language Research, Learning and Teaching: Video Reference Grammar of Slovenian Sign Language (SZJ)
Authors: Pavlič Matic
Published: December 2023

Background: Deaf users of Slovenian Sign Language vary in competence between L1, delayed L1 and L2. They follow the grammatical patterns of their language but are unaware of them because the language is neither linguistically documented nor systematically used in the classroom. As a result, the available learning and teaching materials are inadequately prepared in many aspects.
Purpose: The aim of this research was to create a reference grammar of SZJ by (i) using SZJ for metalinguistic descriptions and (ii) training Deaf signers as researchers and teachers. We observed their performance in order to answer the research question of whether it is possible to involve Deaf signers in the process of creating and disseminating a sign language reference grammar.
Method: Training a group of deaf L1 signers to (i) start systematic research of their language within a selected formal approach, (ii) create didactic video materials for learning/teaching Slovenian Sign Language as L1 and L2, and (iii) use these materials in language courses for L1 and L2 deaf signers.
Results: Eleven deaf L1 signers were trained as researchers in a 40-hour course. Five deaf and two hearing L1 signers were trained as language teachers in another 40-hour course and then presented the core concepts of Slovenian Sign Language grammar to 302 members of 12 local Slovenian deaf clubs in 24 editions of a 40-hour language course. For the presentations, they used didactic video materials (duration 5:46 hours). These materials were produced by the five L1 signers and later uploaded to two freely accessible online video platforms.
Conclusion: The approach proved fruitful: signers were actively involved in the creation and dissemination of the first Slovenian Sign Language reference grammar. The available analytics show that the materials are continuously viewed by both deaf and hearing users.
The Development of a Reflective Language Learning Model: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Asshabi Salman , Rashtchi Mojgan , Siyyari Massood
Published: December 2023

Background: Several language learning theories exist to explain the language learning process. Reflective learning is one of the models that has received attention and has been employed to explain language learning and teaching.

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop and validate a close-ended reflective language learning instrument to discover EFL learners’ reflective learning strategies while learning a language.

Method: Based on a comprehensive literature review, 358 concepts were extracted for reflective language learning. Then, experts’ opinions on reflective language learning were gathered, leading to the extraction of 50 general themes. After the experts’ approval, the researchers transformed the concepts into statements and constructed the final version of the questionnaire. In the next step, the initial version of the questionnaire was piloted with 100 participants, reducing the number of items to 47. Then, the piloted instrument was administered to a sample of 398 students. The obtained data were entered into SPSS and LISERL for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to run an explanatory factor analysis. Varimax rotation was performed on the underlying construct of the 47-item questionnaire. The result was the removal of four items and forming a 43-item questionnaire. A six-factor model of second language learning encompassing twelve behavioral cognitive items, twelve behavioral evaluative items, six behavioral metacognitive items, six behavioral interactional items, four behavioral reflective journal items, and three behavioral retrospective items was obtained. Then, the researchers performed confirmatory factor analysis to verify the six factors. Finally, a reflective language learning model was developed.

Results: The results showed that the newly developed Reflective Language Learning Questionnaire (RLLQ) was valid and reliable. The model formulated based on the data gathered from the administration of RLLQ also enjoyed acceptable fitness indices.

Conclusion: The questionnaire could be used in future studies. Researchers interested in reflective language learning, language teachers intending to follow reflective practices in their classes, and syllabus designers believing that reflection promotes learning can employ RLLQ.
Lingua-Cultural Identity in Translation: 'We' vs 'I' Cultures
Authors: Ponton Douglas , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Larina Tatiana
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The influence of culture on translation has been a prominent feature of translation studies in recent decades. The place of cultural knowledge in the formation and development of a translator’s cultural competence, however, remains debatable. This paper argues that, in addition to general knowledge of a target culture (history, geography, literature, traditions, artefacts, etc.), it is crucial to be aware of the most important components of its deep culture, i.e., its social organization and worldview, which in turn have a major impact on identity. The study further develops the notion of I-culture vs We-culture and their respective identities. We suggest that an awareness of such cultural factors should form part of translators’ essential knowledge about language and their professional training.
Purpose: The study aims to reveal linguistic and discursive manifestations of lingua-cultural identity in translating a Russian text into English. We explore nuances in the use of the pronouns we, our vs. I, my as well as some other markers of we-identity vs I-identity in the original Russian text of Vladimir Putin’s speech at the Valday discussion club meeting (2021), and how these were translated into English in the translation text.
Method:  Selection of a text containing sufficient examples; close reading to identify lexico-grammatical features; comparison of source text and translation; analysis of examples; drawing conclusions. The texts were subjected to contrastive lexico-grammatical, pragmatic, and discourse analysis. Sociolinguistic and cultural studies were used to interpret the results.
Results: The findings suggest that a Russian text could express a more collective mindset than its English translation, which shows traces of what may appear a more personal/subjective focus. The study highlights the role of deep culture in discursive practices and demonstrates the relevance and effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach to translation studies.
Conclusion: The study confirms the fact that manifestation of lingua-cultural identity can be observed at all levels of language, as well as in communicative strategies, and discursive practices. The task of how to accurately render these nuances in translation is a taxing one that requires a comprehensive understanding of the role of deep culture in discursive practices.
Academic Integrity: Author-Related and Journal-Related Issues
Authors: Raitskaya Lilia , Tikhonova Elena
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Author-related and journal-related metrics have long been the target for manipulations on part of some researchers, journals, and occasionally countries, eager to rank higher or get other benefits. Games played with metrics are abundant and may be triggered by rigid “publish-or-perish” national or university policies and consequent pursuit for benefits. In addition, new technologies make headway to unprecedented schemes in research production and promotion. The JLE Editors aim to inform JLE readers of their stance on the current revision of the JLE ethical guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers in response to the new challenges.

Basic Concepts Related to Academic Integrity: The key concepts related to academic integrity are commented on, including some particulars about academic integrity, plagiarism, academic misconduct, fabrication and falsification of data, peer review manipulations, citation manipulations, and predatory journals.

Revisions in the JLE Editorial Policy on Authorship: With the ChatGPT entering the realm of science, the technology caused a heated debate over the ethical aspects of Artificial Intellect (AI) generated submissions to scholarly journals. The JLE editors share a rather popular stance that submissions cannot be subject to ChatGPT generation or revision.

Conclusion: The JLE has been revising its ethical guidelines as of authorship, including the limits for ChatGPT uses in submissions. The JLE editors apprise all stakeholders of the revised guidelines that cover the use of generative pre-trained transformers in submission generation.
Organising Rhetorical Components in Verbal Presentation of Scientific Research Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Ivanova Marina , Mekeko Nataliya , Arupova Nadezhda
Published: December 2023

Background: The rhetorical structure of various genres of written scientific communication has been extensively covered in articles by contemporary researchers from different countries. However, the rhetorical structure of oral scientific presentations accompanying the presentation and defence of graduation theses, scientific research, and others has not received the same level of detailed study and attention. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of presenting conducted research significantly influences the degree and depth of its further acceptance by the readership.
Purpose: to summarise the literature on the rhetorical structure of verbal presentation of scientific research results accompanied by a presentation.  
Materials and Methods: We conducted a search of the Scopus bibliographic databases on March 2nd, 2023, and carried out a related grey literature search on March 27th, 2023. We screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved records. From these records, we extracted demographic characteristics related to the rhetorical structure of oral presentations representing scientific research results. Following this, we extracted passages from empirical studies that described empirically derived moves and steps in speeches during oral presentations. These moves and steps were summarised and presented in the form of a universal matrix for the oral presentation of scientific research results.
Results: In the result of the search request 63 articles were found. Having screened all the papers we revealed that only 11 of them met our predetermined inclusion criteria. All these papers were journal research articles. It is worth stating that the majority of the studies were dedicated to rhetorical structure in written presentation of scientific research outcomes and there is a lack of papers related to moves and steps of verbal presentation of scientific research outcomes.
Conclusion: This systematic scoping review identified the moves and steps highlighted by authors in the reviewed articles within the oral speech accompanying the presentation of scientific research results to an audience. This matrix can be used to construct a more effective oral presentation of scientific research outcomes. Limitations of the work include the restriction to English language articles and the fact that the methodological quality of the articles included in our extraction was not assessed.
Botyroid Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Vagina in A Two-month-old Girl
Authors: Tuncel Defne Ay , Yiğit Sönmez Ayşe , Adamhasan Fulya
Published: December 2023

Botyroid rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common malignant mesencymal tumor of the vagina in children and infants. It is a malignant tumor that arises from immature skeletal muscle cells (i.e., rhabdomyoblasts) lining the walls of hollow organs, including the vagina, bladder, and biliary tract. This cancer most commonly affects children under the age of 4, although it can sometimes present in older individuals. Botyroid sarcoma is usually found in the vagina during infancy and early childhood, in the cervix during reproductive years, and in the corpus uteri during postmenapausal years. Treatment is combination of surgery with adjuvants chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report a case of two-month-old girl presented with a history of vaginal bleeding and a mass protruding from vagina. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed an approximately 6 cm mass in rectovaginal septum. Excisional biopsy from the vagina confirmed the diagnosis of botyroid rhabdomyosarcoma. After biopsy the patient received multiple cycles of chemotherapy. The patient is disease-free on remission at this time.
Retrospective Evaluation of Attacks, EDSS Scores, and MRI Changes Before the Start of Treatment and One Year After the Start of Treatment in Patients Followed by a Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Using Ocrelizumab in Our Clinic
Authors: İnanç Yılmaz , Çöklü Şerife
Published: December 2023

Objective: Depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies has been proven to reduce relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) activity and progression of primary progressive MS (PPMS). In our study, we aimed to retrospectively present our clinical experience and contribute to real-life data after the use of Ocrelizumab.

Material and Methods: Patients aged 18-55 years using Ocrelizumab and diagnosed with MS by McDonald's 2017 criteria were included. Neurological examination findings and EDSS findings available in our file records were used to evaluate the level of disability. Patients with MRI lesions consistent with their clinical complaint lasting more than 24 hours were evaluated as an attack. Patients' ages, MS diagnosis times, and previous immune modulatory treatments were recorded. The number of T2, FLAIR sequence MRI lesions, EDSS before ocrelizumab, and the number of T2, FLAIR sequence MRI lesions 1 year after receiving ocrelizumab were recorded. After 1 year of follow-up, the absence of attacks, no increase in the number of lesions in MRI, and no progress in EDSS were accepted as NEDA 3.
Results: Our cases in this study include 30 MS patients. Patients were 26.7% relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), 26.7% primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 46.7% secondary progressive MS (SPMS). There was no attack in 87.5% of the RRMS patient group. In the SPMS patient group, no attacks were observed after ocrelizumab in the cases with attacks. In our study, the rate of patients who did not develop new T2 lesions and whose lesions disappeared was 62.5% in the RRMS patient group, 78.5% in the SPMS patient group, and 75% in the PPMS patient group. In the total patient group, the rate of patients without EDSS increase was 93% (28 patients).

Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that ocrelizumab was effective by reducing the attack rates, preserving the EDSS scores and preventing the increase in the lesion burden. Our findings are consistent with real-life data.
How do Middle School Students Use Their Knowledge of Geometric Area Measurement When Determining Fractions?
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Fatma Nur , GÜREFE Nejla
Published: December 2023

In this study, the objective was to assess students' proficiency in utilizing their knowledge of geometric area measurement and fractions, and to examine how they apply this knowledge in determining fractions. The research, structured as a case study, encompassed nine students from the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades. Data gathered through individual interviews were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that participants predominantly exhibited a preliminary internalization profile in terms of their understanding of fractions and area measurement. This profile encompasses stages such as pre-internalization, internalization, condensation, and reification. It was observed that students employed diverse strategies and methods within various segmented fraction area models, thereby unveiling distinct mental schemes. The responses provided by students to the tasks illustrated their comprehension of fractions and area measurement. Based on the research results, it is recommended that mathematics teachers and classroom instructors, tasked with imparting crucial concepts like fractions, devise tasks that integrate fundamental mathematical principles and establish connections across different domains.
The Impact of Reconstructing Historical Scientific Experiments with Secondary School Students on Their Academic Success and Word Association Levels
Authors: GÜRLEROĞLU Lerna , ÖĞÜNMEZ Cemile Elvan , UYANIK Sibel , YILDIZ Kübra , GÜVEN İlknur
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of faithfully reconstructing the experiments in the history of science on the academic success and word association levels of secondary school students. It uses the one-group pretest-posttest weak experimental design, which is one of the mixed experimental designs. It was carried out for six weeks with 13 students in seventh grade in the physics group for the Development of Special Talents in a Science and Art Center located in Istanbul in the 2021-2022 academic year. During the practice, three experiments were performed by the students. Academic Success Test and Word Association Test, formed by the investigators, were applied to the students as a pretest and a posttest. A significant difference was found between the students’ pretest and posttest academic success scores, which was in favor of the posttests. It was seen that new relationships were established between the concepts after the practice.
Matematik Öğretmen Adaylarının Matematiksel Yaratıcılık Düzeyleri ile Matematiksel Yaratıcılıklarına İlişkin Öz-Yeterlik Algı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: AÇIKGÜL Kübra , BAKAN Sevgi , ASLANER Recep
Published: December 2023

Bu araştırmada matematik öğretmen adaylarının matematiksel yaratıcılık beceri düzeyleri ile matematiksel yaratıcılıklarına ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve aralarındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca öğretmen adaylarının matematiksel yaratıcılık ve yaratıcılığa ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı düzeyleri cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri açısından araştırılmıştır. Araştırma 204 ilköğretim matematik öğretmen adayının katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Matematiksel Yaratıcılık Beceri Testi, Matematiksel Yaratıcılığa İlişkin Öz-Yeterlik Algı Ölçeği, Matematiksel Yaratıcılığa İlişkin Problem Odaklı Öz-Yeterlik Algı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarının matematiksel yaratıcılık ve genel matematiksel yaratıcılığa ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı puanının “orta” düzeyde olduğu problem odaklı matematiksel yaratıcılığa ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı puanlarının “iyi” düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmanın sonuçları matematiksel yaratıcılık ve problem odaklı matematiksel yaratıcılığa ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı puanlarının cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri açısından farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. Genel matematiksel yaratıcılığa ilişkin öz-yeterlik algı puanları erkeklerin lehine anlamlı farklılık gösterirken, sınıf düzeyi değişkeni açısından farklılık belirlenememiştir. Son olarak yaratıcılık puanları ile öz-yeterlik algı puanları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
La dimensión personal en la formación inicial docente. Una experiencia de innovación educativa
Authors: Escobedo- Peiro Paula , Mateu Pérez Rosa , García Baldán Marisa
Published: December 2023

En este artículo se describe la experiencia llevada a cabo en la asignatura “Educación para la Diversidad” del Grado de Maestro/a de Educación Primaria, durante la pandemia por el COVID19. El objetivo es ampliar el concepto de inclusión, incorporando el desarrollo de la dimensión personal como un elemento clave para la formación inicial del profesorado. Participaron ciento veintidós estudiantes y las técnicas de obtención de información fueron el análisis documental y el cuestionario. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de desarrollar la dimensión personal en el Grado de Maestro/a de Educación Primaria; los objetivos establecidos fueron alcanzados con éxito, a pesar de la situación vivida en ese momento. Como conclusión, destacamos la necesidad de trabajar la dimensión personal en la formación inicial de docentes e incorporar dichos conceptos al modelo de educación inclusiva.
Influencia del aprendizaje basado en equipos en la auto percepción de competencias docentes– fase cuantitativa
Authors: Álvarez Rivero Daniel , Peña García María Paz
Published: December 2023

En este estudio se pretende indagar de qué forma la planificación e instrumentación de unidades didácticas en la modalidad de ABE contribuye a la mejora de la autopercepción de las competencias profesionales de docentes de Educación Media. En este artículo, se incluye la etapa cuantitativa de un diseño mixto más amplio. Esta etapa consiste en un diseño experimental tipo preexperimento con preprueba / posprueba, utilizando un cuestionario de autopercepción docente, adaptación de la propuesta del modelo de competencias profesionales de Campo (2016). Se trabaja con 55 docentes de Educación Media de la región del centro de Uruguay y se constata una mejora significativa en la autopercepción de todas las competencias indagadas: planificación de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, uso pedagógico de la tecnología, implementación de estrategias de enseñanza, comunicación e interacción con los estudiantes, evaluación de los aprendizajes y reflexión sobre la propia docencia.
Factores que generan desinterés por la lectura: un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Ogonaga Gudiño Anderson
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio aborda la falta de interés por la lectura, para establecer los factores que inciden en ella. La metodología respondió a un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental y de tipo descriptivo; se realizó un muestreo censal y la muestra estuvo integrada por 280 estudiantes; el levantamiento de la data se realizó a través de una encuesta. Se demostró que el grado de interés por la lectura en el alumnado es medio; de igual manera, el factor más influyente en la estimulación lectora es el familiar y las preferencias lectoras están relacionadas con los textos de aventuras, libros de formato físico y la estética. En conclusión, se estableció que los factores que inciden en el desinterés por la lectura son el ambiental y el pedagógico, debido a la importancia del rol que juega el contexto y los agentes educativos.
Menekan Oksidasi Sosis Daging Sapi yang Disimpan pada Suhu Ruang dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.)
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Amrullah Amir Husaini Karim , Harahap Ahmad Saleh
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan ekstrak daun senduduk sebagai antioksidan sosis daging sapi selama penyimpanan suhu ruang. Sebanyak 40 g bubuk daun senduduk dimaserasi dalam air destilata (1:4; b/v) selama 24 jam pada suhu kamar, disaring, kemudian di-freeze dry. Lima perlakuan diaplikasikan, yaitu kontrol yang mengandung daging sapi, minyak nabati, susu skim bubuk, tepung tapioka, garam, fosfat, es, dan bumbu-bumbu (P1); formula kontrol ditambah dengan butylated hydroxytoluene 0,01% (P2), formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 0,5% (P3), formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 0,75% (P4), dan formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 1% (P5). Variabel yang diamati adalah susut masak, daya mengikat air, aktivitas antioksidan, nilai Tio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun senduduk menurunkan susut masak sosis dan tanpa memengaruhi karakteristik daya mengikat air. Penambahan ekstrak daun senduduk mampu meningkatkan daya hambat terhadap radikal bebas dan kapasitas antioksidan serta menekan nilai TBARS. Selama penyimpanan suhu pada ruang hingga 10 jam, aktivitas antioksidan mengalami penurunan tetapi tidak memengaruhi nilai TBARS. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah penggunaan ekstrak daun senduduk hingga 1% dari berat daging dapat menekan oksidasi yang setara dengan butylated hydroxytoluene 0,01% pada sosis selama penyimpanan suhu ruang 10 jam.  (Reducing oxidation in beef sausage during room temperature storage by adding senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) leaf extract)  ABSTRAK. This study aimed to evaluate the use of senduduk leaf extracts as an antioxidant beef sausage during room temperature storage. A-40 g powder was macerated with distilled water (1:4; w/v) for 24 h at room temperature, filtered, and then was freeze-dried. Five treatments were employed including control containing beef, vegetable oil, skimmed milk powder, tapioca, salt, phosphate, ice, and seasons (P1); control added butylated hydroxytoluene 0.01% (P2); senduduk leaf extract 0.5% (P3); senduduk leaf extract 0.75% (P4); and senduduk leaf extract 1% (P5). Variables observed were cooking loss, water holding capacity, antioxidant activity, and Tio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed the addition of senduduk leaf extract could decrease the cooking loss without any effect on the water-holding capacity of the sausages. The addition of senduduk leaf extract increase the scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity and reduced TBARS value of the sausages. During storage, the antioxidant activity of the sausages diminished with no affect the TBARS value. It could be concluded that the addition of senduduk leaf extract 1% could retard lipids oxidation of the sausage and the capability was equal to butylated hydroxytoluene 0.01 during 10 hours of storage.
Kualitas Telur Ayam Ras Petelur Cokelat (Hibrida) Isa Brown yang Dipelihara di Kandang Closed House dan Open House
Authors: Rastina Rastina , Azhari Azhari , Ferasyi T. Reza , Iskandar Cut Dahlia , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Muttaqien Muttaqien , Sukma Yoana , Ayuti Siti Rani
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Kualitas telur sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem pemeliharaan, ayam petelur dapat dipelihara dengan perkandangan closed house dan open house. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) yang dipelihara di kandang closed house dan open house. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 160 butir telur yang terdiri dari kandang closed house dan open house, telur yang digunakan berumur 5 hari. Parameter yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah berat telur, kantung udara, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada berat telur pada kandang closed house adalah 66,42 ± 4,006 dan kandang open house 66,04 ± 3,669, kantung udara pada telur closed house adalah 0,52 ± 0,093 cm dan kandang open house adalah 0,56 ± 0,078 cm, indeks kuning telur pada kandang closed house adalah 0,45 ± 0,038 dan kandang open house adalah 0,40 ± 0,044, haugh unit telur pada kandang closed house adalah 85,72 ± 8,889 dan kandang open house adalah 76,17 ± 8,664. Dari hasil uji t-independent bahwa kualitas telur pada kandang closed house dan open house yang terdiri dari berat telur, kantung udara, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata pada taraf (α) 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) isa brown yang dipelihara di kandang closed house dengan kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) isa brown yang dipelihara di kandang open house.  (Quality of eggs brown layings hens (hybrid) reared in closed house and open house) ABSTRAK. The quality of eggs is greatly influenced by the maintenance system, laying hens can be raised with closed house and open house. This study aimed to determine the differences in the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in closed house and open house cages. The sample used was 160 eggs kept in closed house cages and open house, Used eggs used were 5 days old. The parameters examined in this study were egg weight, air bag, yolk index and haugh unit. The results obtained from the weight of eggs in Closed House cages were 66,42 ± 4,006 and the Open House was 66,04 ± 3,669 the air sacs of eggs reared in Closed House were 0.52 ± 0.093 cm and the Open House is 0.56 ± 0.078 cm, the egg yolk index in the Closed House is 0.45 ± 0.038 and the Open House is 0,40 ± 0.044, Haugh unit of eggs reared in Closed House were 85,72 ± 8,889 and Open House were 76.17 ± 8,664. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in closed house cages with the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in Open House cages.
Pengaruh Injeksi Antemortem Enzim papain terhadap Susut Masak dan Nilai pH pada Ayam Jantan Petelur
Authors: Fitri Cut Aida , Edi Edi , Allaily Allaily , Bakar Amhar Abu
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Ayam petelur jantan sebagai penghasil daging belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, karena nilai keempukan yang rendah. Peningkatan persentase susut masak menggunakan enzim, akan meningkatkan nilai keempukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut P0= Kontrol, P1= 10 ml enzim papain, P2= 15 ml enzim papain dan P3= 20 ml enzim papain. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu susut masak dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyuntikan enzim papain sangat nyata (P0,01) meningkatkan nilai susut masak daging, nilai terendah terhadap susut masak diperoleh pada perlakuan P0 yaitu 30,9% sedangkan nilai tertinggi terhadap susut masak diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 yaitu 36,6%. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa penyuntikan enzim papain pada ayam jantan petelur memberikan pengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap nilai pH daging, nilai pH tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 yaitu 5,72 dengan pemberian dosis sebanyak 20 ml enzim papain. Nilai terendah pada perlakuan P0 yaitu 5,54 tanpa pemberian enzim papain.  (The antemortem injection effect of papain enzyme on cooking losses and pH values in laying roosters) ABSTRAK. Laying roosters as meat producers have not been used optimally, due to the low tenderness value. Increasing the proportion of shrinkage cooked using enzymes will increase the value of tenderness. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were as follows P0 = control, P1 = 10 ml of papain enzyme, P2 = 15 ml of papain enzyme, and P3 = 20 ml of papain enzyme. The parameters observed in this study were cooking losses and pH. The results showed that the injection of the papain enzyme significantly (P0.01) increased the value of cooking loss in meat, where the lowest value for cooking loss in treatment P0 was 30.9%, while the highest value for cooking loss in treatment P1 was 36.6%. The statistical analysis results showed that the injection of the papain enzyme in laying roosters had a significant effect (P0.05) on the pH value of the meat, where the highest value for the pH level was in the P3 treatment, namely 5.72 with a dose of 20 ml of papain enzyme. The lowest value was in the P0 treatment, namely 5.54 without the administration of the papain enzyme.
Uji Biologis Multi Nutrient Block dengan Penambahan Jus Daun Sirih Hijau terhadap Pemanfaatan Energi Domba Ekor Tipis
Authors: Wulandari Endah , Mukodiningsih Sri , Pangestu Eko
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Multi Nutrient Block (MNB) merupakan suplemen dengan kadar air yang cukup tinggi dan termasuk ke dalam intermediate moisture, sehingga perlu ditambahkan bahan yang memiliki sifat sebagai pengawet, antara lain daun sirih hijau. Daun sirih hijau juga memiliki sifat antiprotozoa, sehingga berdampak pada proses fermentasi dalam rumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kualitas biologis MNB yang ditambahkan daun sirih hijau pada Domba Ekor Tipis ditinjau dari konsumsi bahan kering, pertambahan bobot badan harian, konversi pakan, fermentabilitas dan pemanfaatan energi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Materi yang digunakan ialah MNB terdiri dari 50% molases, 30% jerami padi fermentasi, 6% tepung cangkang kerang, 3% garam, 4% urea dan 7% bentonit. Penambahan daun sirih hijau pada MNB sebanyak 0% pada T0, 3% pada T1 dan 6% pada T2. Pemberian pakan terdiri atas konsentrat komersil 65%, rumput gajah 25% dan MNB 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan jus daun sirih hijau pada MNB tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap konsumsi nutrien dan energi, fermentabilitas nutrien pakan serta pemanfaatan energi. Pemberian jus daun sirih hijau sebesar 6% pada MNB tidak berdampak pada proses fermentabilitas dan performa ternak domba.  (The biological quality of multi nutrient block with addition of green betel leaf juice on energy utilization of thin tailed sheep)  ABSTRAK. Multi Nutrient Block (MNB) is supplement with a high moisture content and classified as intermediate moisture, so it is necessary to add ingredients that have preservative properties, such as green betel leaf. Green betel leaf also has antiprotozoal compound, so it has an impact on the fermentation process in the rumen. The purpose of this study was to examine the biological quality of MNB with green betel leaf to Thin Tailed Sheep in terms of dry matter consumption, daily body weight gain, feed conversion, fermentability and energy utilization. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 6 replications. The material used MNB consisting 50% molasses, 30% fermented rice straw, 6% clamshell flour, 3% salt, 4% urea and 7% bentonite, while the addition of green betel leaf was 0% at T0, 3% at T1 and 6% at T2. Feeding consisted of 65% commercial concentrate, 25% elephant grass and 10% MNB. The parameters observed in this study were dry matter consumption, average daily gain, feed conversion, fermentability and energy utilization. The results showed that the addition of green betel leaf juice to MNB had no significant effect (P0.05) on nutrient and energy consumption, fermentability and energy utilization. The conclusion of the study is the addition of green betel leaf juice to MNB until 6% did not impact on the process of fermentability and performance of sheep.
Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) untuk Perbaikan Dampak Stress Broiler Akibat Kepadatan Tinggi
Authors: Sapsuha Yusri , Yulianto Vitus Dwi , Pramono Yoyok Budi , Sjafani Nur
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan level optimal penggunaan ekstrak daun cengkeh (EDC) dalam memperbaiki dampak stres ayam broiler yang dipelihara pada kepadatan tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Khairun, Ternate. Sebanyak 444 ekor ayam broiler Lohmann (unsexed) dipelihara secara bersama dari umur 0 sampai 7 hari. Pada hari ke-8 ayam broiler (berat badan 129,78 ± 0,75 g) ditempatkan secara acak menjadi lima perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak enam kali. Perlakuan adalah sebagai berikut: T0= kontrol negatif, kepadatan 10 ekor/m2 tanpa EDC, T1= kontrol positif, kepadatan 16 ekor/m2 tanpa EDC, T2= kepadatan 16 ekor/m2 dengan 0,5 ml EDC/kg pakan, T3= kepadatan 16 ekor/m2 dengan 0,75 ml EDC/kg pakan, dan T4= kepadatan 16 ekor/m2 dengan 1,0 ml EDC/kg pakan. Data berupa performa, kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan superoxide dismutase (SOD) dianalisis berdasarkan ANOVA dan jika ada pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa level optimal pemberian EDC adalah 1,0 ml /kg pakan dapat memperbaiki performa ayam broiler yang dipelihara pada kepadatan tinggi. Pemberian EDC sampai dengan 1,0 ml/kg dalam ransum dapat mengurangi tingkat stres pada ayam broiler yang dipelihara pada kepadatan tinggi yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar MDA dan meningkatnya kadar SOD pada ayam broiler.  (Use of clove leaf extract (Syzygium aromaticum) to improvement of the impact of stress on broilers raised at high density) ABSTRAK. The objective of this research was to investigate the optimal level of the use of clove leaf extract (CLE) in ameliorating the impact of stress on broilers reared at high density. The location of the study was at the Poultry Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University, Ternate. A total of 444 Lohmann broilers (unsexed) were reared together from 0 to 7 days of age. On day 7, broiler chickens (weight of 129.78 ± 0.75 g) were grouped randomly into five treatment groups and six replications. The treatments were T0= negative control, density 10 birds/m2 without CLE, T1= positive control, 16 birds/m2 without CLE, T2= 16 birds/m2 with 0.5 ml CLE/kg feed, T3= 16 birds/m2 with 0.75 ml CLE/kg feed, and T4= 16 birds/m2 with 1.0 ml CLE/kg feed. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there was a significant treatment effect, there will be a further test by using Duncan's Test. The results showed that the administration of clove leaf extract up to 1.0 ml/kg of ration reduced stress and improved the performance of broiler chickens raised at high density.
Specific Species DNA Amplification as a Halal Authentication Method in Sausage Based on Genetic Markers
Authors: Purnomo Nurul , Mansur Musdalifa , Nugraha Angga , Dagong Muh. Ihsan A. , Natsir Asmuddin
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Sausage is a processed meat food that is susceptible to counterfeiting by mixing non-halal meat, so a valid, fast and cheap halal authentication method is needed for sausages. This study aims to determine the specific species genes of Cytochrome-b in target DNA amplification as a halal authentication method in sausages. In this study, the samples used were beef sausage, chicken sausage, and pork sausage. The stages of this research consisted of DNA purification, measuring DNA quality, amplifying object DNA using Cytochrome-b, electrophoresis, and visualization of the gel documentation. The DNA purification results from beef sausage, chicken sausage, and pork sausage respectively obtained concentrations of 3 (ng/µl), 2.6 (ng/µl), and 2.8 (ng/µl), and purity of 1.15, 0.76, and 0.88. Meanwhile, DNA amplification produced fragments with lengths for beef sausage, chicken sausage, and pork sausage, namely the Cytochrome-b gene 274 bp, 227 bp, and 398 bp. Based on this study, it's concluded that the Cytochrome-b genes could amplify target DNA from beef sausage, chicken sausage, and pork sausage so that they could be used as gene markers for authenticating halal sausages.  (Amplifikasi DNA Spesifik Spesies sebagai metode autentikasi halal pada sosis berdasarkan penanda genetic) ABSTRAK. Sosis merupakan makanan olahan daging yang rentan terhadap pemalsuan dengan mencampurkan daging non halal, sehingga diperlukan metode autentikasi halal yang valid, cepat dan murah untuk sosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gen spesies spesifik Cytochrome-b pada amplifikasi DNA target sebagai metode autentikasi halal pada sosis. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang digunakan adalah sosis sapi, sosis ayam, dan sosis babi. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri dari pemurnian DNA menggunakan Quick-DNA™ Plus Kits, Zymo Research, pengukuran kualitas DNA, amplifikasi pada DNA target menggunakan gen Cytochrome-b, elektroforesis, dan visualisasi pada gel dokumentasi. Hasil pemurnian DNA sosis sapi, sosis ayam, dan sosis babi masing-masing diperoleh konsentrasi 3 (ng/µl), 2,6 (ng/µl), dan 2,8 (ng/µl), dan kemurnian 1,15, 0,76, dan 0,88. Sedangkan amplifikasi DNA menghasilkan fragmen dengan panjang untuk sosis sapi, sosis ayam, dan sosis babi yaitu gen Cytochrome-b 274 bp, 227 bp, dan 398 bp. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa gen Cytochrome-b dapat mengamplifikasi DNA target dari sosis sapi, sosis ayam, dan sosis babi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai penanda gen untuk autentikasi sosis halal.
Bakso Ayam KUB Fortifikasi Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn): Tinjauan Kandungan Protein, Daya Ikat Air, Organoleptik, dan Kandungan Antioksidan
Authors: Fitrah Kania Andira , Hartatik Sri , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Bakso ayam KUB fortifikasi ekstrak daun sirsak merupakan salah satu diversifikasi produk yang bersifat pangan fungsional. Kandungan Flavonoid pada daun sirsak dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak dengan level yang berbeda terhadap kandungan protein, daya ikat air, organoleptik dan kandungan antioksidan bakso ayam KUB. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak 0% (P0), 2% (P1), 4% (P2) dan 6% (P3) terhadap total bahan bakso daging ayam. Parameter yang diukur antara lain kandungan protein, daya ikat air, kandungan antioksidan dan organoleptik. Kandungan Protein dan antioksidan tertinggi pada penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak 6% sebesar 18, 67 % dan 45,07%. Daya ikat air tertinggi yaitu 69,44% pada perlakuan kontrol. Penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak pada bakso ayam KUB memiliki hasil uji organoleptik yang lebih dominan pada penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak 6% dengan warna bakso hijau muda, cukup beraroma daun sirsak, tekstur tidak kenyal dengan rasa sedikit pahit. Uji hedonik dengan penilaian lebih dominan pada skala 3 yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirsak 2% baik dari warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa.  (Fortified KUB Chicken Meatballs Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Leaf Extract: Overview of Protein Content, Water Holding Capacity, Organoleptic, and Antioxidant Content)  ABSTRAK. KUB chicken meatballs fortified with soursop leaf extract is one of the functional food product diversifications. Flavonoid content in soursop leaves can function as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding soursop leaf extract at different levels on protein content, water holding capacity, organoleptic and antioxidant content of KUB chicken meatballs. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 4 treatments, namely the addition of soursop leaf extract 0% (P0), 2% (P1), 4% (P2) and 6% (P3) to the total meatball ingredients chicken meat. Parameters measured included protein content, water holding capacity, antioxidant and organoleptic content. The highest protein and antioxidant content in the addition of 6% soursop leaf extract was 18.67% and 45.07%. The highest water holding capacity was 69.44% in the control treatment. The addition of soursop leaf extract to KUB chicken meatballs had more dominant organoleptic test properties in the addition of 6% soursop leaf extract with light green meatball color, quite soursop leaf aroma, texture not chewy with a slightly bitter taste. The hedonic test with a more dominant assessment on a scale of 3, namely the addition of 2% soursop leaf extract in terms of color, aroma, texture and taste.
Do Polemismo Teológico ao Político: João Calvino e João Knox: Divergências Doutrinárias. Repercussões em Portugal
Authors: Abreu Maria Zina Gonçalves de
Published: December 2023

In the present chapter I shall highlight the conflicting readings that the reformers John Calvin and John Knox made of the doctrine of passive obedience and that of active resistance to the authorities found in the Bible, and the impact they had on the reformation of the Church in sixteenth-century England and Scotland. Furthermore, I shall succinctly discuss how such readings contributed to the political and philosophical debate of the day that legitimized the ousting of regimes that arbitrarily imposed a faith Knox believed idolatrous, and beckoned the dawn of modern democratic regimes. In addition, I extended the present discussion to include both the role the Scottish humanist and reformer George Buchanan played in historical events ensuing the reformation of the Church of Scotland, after his short stay in Portugal, where he was persecuted and condemned for heresy by the Lisbon Inquisition, as well as that of Robert Reid Kalley, a Scottish doctor who was also persecuted for his proselytizing endeavours in Madeira, in mid-nineteenth century, as I believe they both contributed to enlighten many Portuguese regarding the tolerability of arbitrary powers, both ecclesiastic and civil.
Anne-Thérèse Marguenat de Courcelles, Mme De Lambert – o «gosto» de uma Salonnière protofeminista
Authors: Lambert Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2023

Anne-Thérèse Marguenat de Courcelles, Marquise or Madame de Lambert was the author of a significant published work, dealing with pregnant themes and concepts that are consistent with philosophical thought and literary culture in France in the 18th century. Ideas and sources that characterize her writing were mapped – namely the concept of taste; studies dedicated to it in the 19th and early 20th centuries, compared to most recent ones. Highlights are arguments in favor of a critical and “aware” education of women, reflections on moral philosophy and aesthetic considerations based on a plethora of authors from Greece to their contemporaries. She addressed the societal / intellectual phenomenon of the Salon and the Salonières that directed them in the 18th century, inquiring about: common denominators and / or deviations; mutual dependencies; conceptual nuances and repercussions, weighted in the context of feminist studies. Therefore, exclusive characteristics are listed in terms of posture, status and performance. In her Bureau d’ Esprit (1710-1732) “new” ideas of philosophical, literary, moral impact and under the aegis of poetic mediations fermented. Attention was paid to the singularities of her aesthetics and writing of an “epistolary” typology that was intended for her own children. It is finally thought-how much, how and if-her particularities and circumstances had repercussions / contributed to the understanding and evaluation of her work in an academic context and, also, to a French proto-feminist culture.
Judas Iscariote no discurso comprometido de José Saramago
Authors: Fernandes Vanda
Published: December 2023

Saramago’s writing, repeatedly analytical and self-referential, dialogues seductively with the cultural universe of the Western reader, with biblical and apocryphal narratives. The figure of Judas, whether in poetry or in The Gospel According to Jesus Christ, allows José Saramago to desacralize the ambitious and tyrannical gods and to deify man, in a committed discourse, simultaneously marked by the ethics of love and compassion for the Other.
Metáforas conceptuais em intervenções políticas portuguesas: o caso das mensagens de natal
Authors: Pita Sara Topete de Oliveira
Published: December 2023

Conceptual metaphors are pervasive in all social activities and Politics is no exception. They are anchored in human experiences; in other words, they result from a cognitive process of transferring the structures of one conceptual domain to another. Although some metaphors are already well known to the public, others are still opaque, hindering communication between citizens and politicians. In this article, it is sought to open the book of metaphors in the political field, from the analysis of a corpus composed of Christmas Messages, released between 2012 and 2023. It is intended to identify the metaphors, reflect on their regularity over time and their relationship with the discursive ethos. It is a fact that, in political interactions, the subject assumes himself as an argumentator, seeking to exert influence on the other not only with his arguments, but also his ethos and this, in my view, may emerge from the metaphors he uses.