bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology and Acoustics in Medicine and Biology
Authors: Abedini-Nassab Roozbeh , Emami Seyed Mohammadhossein , Nowghabi Arshia Naeimi
Published: April 2021

Background:

Nanotechnology plays an important role in various engineering fields,
one of which is acoustics.

Method:

Here, we review the use of nanotechnology in multiple acoustic-based bioapplications,
with a focus on recent patents and advances. Nanoparticles, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanofilms
used in acoustic devices are discussed. We cover ultrasonic transducers, biosensors, imaging
tools, nanomotors, and particle sorters.

Results and conclusion:

The way these ideas help in fundamental disciplines such as medicine is
shown. We believe the current work is a good collection of advances in the field.
Nanotechnology-based Herbal Formulations: A Survey of Recent Patents,
Advancements, and Transformative Headways
Authors: Kaur Lakhvir , Kaur Anureet , Singh Gurjeet , Dhawan R.K. , Mahajan Ayushi
Published: April 2021

:

Nanotechnology in association with herbal medicine can lead to enhanced therapeutic
and diminished adverse effects of medication. In turn, it can lead to synergistic effects of administered
compound overcoming its demerits. Nowadays, the trend of herbal compounds to treat even
a small illness is gaining momentum. Gone are the days when the ineffectiveness of a compound
was impossible to be dealt with. Nevertheless, in this competitive era of science and innovative
technology, it has become possible to maximize the usefulness of ineffective yet potent herbal
compounds. The demand for herbal compounds is getting amplified because of their ability to
treat a myriad of diseases, including COVID-19, showing fewer side effects. The merger of nanotechnology
with traditional medicine augments the potential of herbal drugs for devastating dangerous
and chronic diseases like cancer. In this review article, we have tried to assimilate the
complete information regarding the use of different nanocarriers to overcome the drawbacks of
herbal compounds. In addition, all the recent advancements in the herbal field, as well as the future
exploration to be emphasized, have been discussed.
Optimization of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Puree Concentration and Margarine on Quality of Muffins
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Trifany Lintang Ayu Nisa , Murtini Erni Sofia ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: April 2021

Abstract Reducing the fat used in muffin production is necessary to produce muffins with low-fat content without changing physical characteristics. This reduction can be achieved by adding ingredients with high fiber content, such as soursop. This study aims to obtain the optimum concentration of soursop puree and margarine to produce muffins with the best texture, pore size, moisture content, and lowest fat content. The method used in this study is the Response Surface Methodology with the Central Composite Design using two factors, the concentration of soursop puree and margarine. The optimum treatment results obtained were the concentration of 16.159% soursop puree and 27.391% margarine with a hardness response of 3.390 ± 0.144 N, a pore size of 0.529 ± 0.046 mm2, a fat content of 8.302 ± 0.328%, and moisture content of 33.269 ± 0.397%. The optimum muffins have fat content, fiber content, carbohydrate content, hardness, pore size, reddish, yellowish, and taste attributes that are significantly different from control muffins. In contrast moisture content, ash content, protein content, volume expansion, baking loss, density, brightness, attributes of color, aroma, texture, pores, and overall were not significantly different from the control muffins. Keywords: margarine, muffin, optimization, soursop puree
Product Development Model for Tempe Chocolate Chips Based on Costumer Preferences in Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Hidayat Hety Handayani , Wijayanti Nur ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Published: April 2021

Abstract This study aims to determine the attributes and categories that are important in product development and its model to obtain appropriate design recommendations based on consumer preferences using Quantification Theory Type 1 (QTT1). The number of respondents involved was 250 respondents in Banjarnegara Regency who were selected on purposive sampling. Respondents were asked to rate the level of preference for 14 samples of chocolate tempe chips. The results of the identification of attributes and categories that affect preferences obtained seven attributes and 19 categories, namely shape attributes (round, square, triangle, and oval), thickness (thin and thick), size (large and medium), distinctive aroma (tempe, chocolate, and fruits), flavors (chocolate and variants), surface layers (glossy, sprinkles, sprinkles & chocolate, visible tempe surface & sprinkles), as well as coatings (chocolate compound coating and chocolate coating & sprinkles). Based on the data analysis, some recommendations for product development of chocolate tempe chips are: round, 0.15 mm thick, 8 cm wide, flavored and chocolatey, glossy coating with chocolate coating and sprinkles. Keywords: costumer’s preferences, product development model, tempe chocolate chips
Determination of Clove Extract Anesthetic Dosage in Transportation Activities of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Supply Chain
Authors: Malik Andi Adam , Sahabuddin Sahabuddin , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Adawiyah Rabiah Al ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to obtain the best dose of clove extract anesthetic in the transportation of carp (Cyprinus carpio) from suppliers to consumers in the supply chain of carp. Alive, healthy, and not defective carp from the Fish Seed Center with 3-5 cm size were used as objects in this study. Carp fish bag and 50 x 35 x 30 cm Styrofoam boxes were used as containers which were placed randomly during the delivery of carp. The study was conducted with four treatments of different clove extract levels, treatment A as a control (0 ppm), B (3.3 ppm), C (6.7 ppm), and D (10 ppm), with three replications each. The examination of the anesthetic condition of carp was carried out four times during transportation, at 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to see the impact of the treatments, and then the Tukey test was carried out to see the differences between treatments. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. The results showed that increasing the anesthetic dose of clove extract impacted the health condition and survival rate of the carp seedlings during transportation. The highest survival rate (85%) was achieved at a concentration of 6.7 ppm.
Keywords: anesthesia dosage, clove extract, carp, the survival rate

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis anestesi ekstrak cengkeh terbaik dalam pengangkutan ikan karper (Cyprinus carpio) dari pemasok ke konsumen dalam rantai pasok ikan karper. Ikan karper yang digunakan sebagai objek dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan karper dari Balai Benih Ikan dengan ukuran 3-5 cm, dalam keadaan hidup, sehat, dan tidak cacat. Kantong ikan karper dan Styrofoam berukuran 50 x 35 x 30 cm digunakan sebagai wadah selama pengiriman ikan karper dan penempatannya dilakukan secara acak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 4 perlakuan kadar ekstrak cengkeh yang berbeda, yaitu A sebagai kontrol (0 ppm), B (3,3 ppm), C (6,7 ppm), dan D (10 ppm) dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Pemeriksaan kondisi anestesi pada ikan karper dilakukan 4 kali selama pengangkutan, yaitu 0, 6, 12, dan 24 jam. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dilakukan untuk melihat dampak dari perlakuan kemudian uji Tukey dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Analisis dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dosis anestesi ekstrak cengkeh berdampak pada keadaan kesehatan dan sintasan ikan karper saat transportasi. Sintasan tertinggi (85%) dicapai pada konsentrasi 6,7 ppm.
Kata kunci: dosis anestesi, ekstrak cengkeh, ikan karper, sintasan
Smart Governance and Smart Cities: A Review of The Literature
Authors: Yustiari Shinta Happy
Published: April 2021

An application based technology so called as smart city can be easily accessed by citizen and government. The government information could create safety and comfort in order to service better future life for their citizen. The main purpose of writing this paper is to gain an overview of the smart city concept using a qualitative approach, by a comprehensive review of the literatures. The conclusion from this paper could provide clear information from the most recently scientific articles focus on smart cities. This paper could be a basis for future researchers for another investigation.
Pelaksanaan Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah No. 13 (PSAP 13) tentang Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (Studi pada Badan Layanan Umum Universitas Brawijaya)
Authors: Wartini Martha , Saleh Choirul , Domai Tjahjanulin
Published: April 2021

Higher Education carries the obligation to improve the competitiveness of the nation through increasing the intellectuality of the nation's successors. Excellent service must be given in order to achieve the vision and mission in improving the quality of education. University autonomy is needed to create more flexible institutional management. One of the autonomy models is the Public Service Agency (BLU). In carrying out its duties, the BLU must use a special pattern in the presentation of its financial statements. The Government Accounting Standards Statement (PSAP) 13 is used to simplify BLU financial reporting. The implementation of PSAP 13 at Universitas Brawijaya was discussed in this study to give an idea of how it was implemented in the Public Service Agency.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR JUARA KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Utari Dani
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan program yang mendukung kebijakan pendidikan inklusif, implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif yang dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Juara Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teori dari Miles dan Huberman yakni, pengumpulan data, kondensasi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yaitu 1) program pendukung kebijakan inklusif SD Juara: program penerimaan siswa Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK), program assesmen peserta didik, program pendampingan khusus ABK, program parenting class, program parenting school, program homevisit, dan program penerapan kurikulum inklusif. (2) Implementasi kebijakan pendidikan inklusif di SD Juara: a) komunikasi dengan koordinasi dan program parenting bagi pelaksana dan orangtua siswa, b) ketersediaan sumber daya manusia (SDM), sumber dana belum dialokasikan, adanya alokasi waktu kebijakan, serta sarpras yang dioptimalkan, c) Disposisi, komitmen dan kecakapan pelaksana yang cukup memadai, d) Strukur birokrasi, sudah diterapkannya pembagian kerja dan pola kepemimpinan (3) Faktor pendukung kebijakan adalah dukungan dari pelaksana kebijakan dan beberapa dukungan dari pihak luar sekolah. Faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya dukungan dari beberapa pihak dan terbatasnya fasilitas sekolah.ABSTRACKThe purpose of this study is to describe programs that support inclusive education policies, the implementation of inclusive education policies, and the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of inclusive education policies implemented in basic school (SD) Juara, Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data analysis techniques using the theory of Miles and Huberman namely, data collection, data condensation, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The results of the study are 1) SD Juara inclusive elementary support policy: Children with special needs (ABK) student admission program, student assessment program, special ABK mentoring program, parenting class program, parenting school program, homevisit program, and inclusive curriculum implementation program. (2) Implementation of inclusive education policies in SD Champion: a) communication with coordination and parenting programs for implementers and parents of students,b) availability of human resources, sources of funds not yet allocated, time allocation of policies, as well as optimized the facilities, c) Disposition, commitment and adequate implementation skills, d) Bureaucratic structure, work division and leadership pattern have been implemented The limiting factors are the lack of support from some parties and the limited school facilities.
An Efficient Two-layer based Technique for Content-based Image Retrieval
Authors: Salih Fawzi Abdul Azeez , Abdulla Alan Anwer
Published: April 2021

The rapid advancement and exponential evolution in the multimedia applications raised the attentional research on content-based image retrieval (CBIR). The technique has a significant role for searching and finding similar images to the query image through extracting the visual features. In this paper, an approach of two layers of search has been developed which is known as two-layer based CBIR. The first layer is concerned with comparing the query image to all images in the dataset depending on extracting the local feature using bag of features (BoF) mechanism which leads to retrieve certain most similar images to the query image. In other words, first step aims to eliminate the most dissimilar images to the query image to reduce the range of search in the dataset of images. In the second layer, the query image is compared to the images obtained in the first layer based on extracting the (texture and color)-based features. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) were used as texture features. However, for the color features, three different color spaces were used, namely RGB, HSV, and YCbCr. The color spaces are utilized by calculating the mean and entropy for each channel separately. Corel-1K was used for evaluating the proposed approach. The experimental results prove the superior performance of the proposed concept of two-layer over the current state-of-the-art techniques in terms of precision rate in which achieved 82.15% and 77.27% for the top-10 and top-20, respectively.
Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study
Authors: Oladeji Olubusola , Zhang Chi , Moradi Tiam , Tarapore Dharmesh , Stokes Andrew C , Marivate Vukosi , Sengeh Moinina D , Nsoesie Elaine O
Published: April 2021

Background

The prevalence of chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing in African countries. Many chronic diseases have been linked to risk factors such as poor diet and physical inactivity. Data for these behavioral risk factors are usually obtained from surveys, which can be delayed by years. Behavioral data from digital sources, including social media and search engines, could be used for timely monitoring of behavioral risk factors.

Objective

The objective of our study was to propose the use of digital data from internet sources for monitoring changes in behavioral risk factors in Africa.

Methods

We obtained the adjusted volume of search queries submitted to Google for 108 terms related to diet, exercise, and disease from 2010 to 2016. We also obtained the obesity and overweight prevalence for 52 African countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) for the same period. Machine learning algorithms (ie, random forest, support vector machine, Bayes generalized linear model, gradient boosting, and an ensemble of the individual methods) were used to identify search terms and patterns that correlate with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence across Africa. Out-of-sample predictions were used to assess and validate the model performance.

Results

The study included 52 African countries. In 2016, the WHO reported an overweight prevalence ranging from 20.9% (95% credible interval [CI] 17.1%-25.0%) to 66.8% (95% CI 62.4%-71.0%) and an obesity prevalence ranging from 4.5% (95% CI 2.9%-6.5%) to 32.5% (95% CI 27.2%-38.1%) in Africa. The highest obesity and overweight prevalence were noted in the northern and southern regions. Google searches for diet-, exercise-, and obesity-related terms explained 97.3% (root-mean-square error [RMSE] 1.15) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all 52 countries. Similarly, the search data explained 96.6% (RMSE 2.26) of the variation in the overweight prevalence. The search terms yoga, exercise, and gym were most correlated with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence in countries with the highest prevalence.

Conclusions

Information-seeking patterns for diet- and exercise-related terms could indicate changes in attitudes toward and engagement in risk factors or healthy behaviors. These trends could capture population changes in risk factor prevalence, inform digital and physical interventions, and supplement official data from surveys.
Google Trends in Dermatology: Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Sivesind Torunn Elise , Szeto Mindy D , Kim William , Dellavalle Robert Paul
Published: April 2021

Background

Google Trends is a powerful online database and analytics tool of popular Google search queries over time and has the potential to inform medical practice and priorities.

Objective

This review aimed to survey Google Trends literature in dermatology and elucidate its current roles and relationships with the field.

Methods

A literature search was performed using PubMed to access and review relevant dermatology-related Google Trends studies published within the last 5 years.

Results

Current research utilizing Google Trends data provides insight related to skin cancer, pruritus, cosmetic procedures, and COVID-19. We also found that dermatology is presently the highest-searched medical specialty—among 15 medical and surgical specialties as well as general practitioners. Google searches related to dermatology demonstrate a seasonal nature for various skin conditions and sun-related topics, depending on a region’s inherent climate and hemi-sphere. In addition, celebrity social media and other viral posts have been found to potentiate Google searches about dermatology and drive public interest.

Conclusions

A limited number of relevant studies may have been omitted by the simplified search strategy of this study, as well as by restriction to English language articles and articles indexed in the PubMed database. This could be expanded upon in a secondary systematic review. Future re-search is warranted to better understand how Google Trends can be utilized to improve the quality of clinic visits, drive public health campaigns, and detect disease clusters in real time.
Application of Artificial Intelligence for Screening COVID-19 Patients Using Digital Images: Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Islam Md Mohaimenul , Li Yu-Chuan Jack , Alsinglawi Belal , Hsu Min-Huei , Jian Wen Shan , Yang Hsuan-Chia
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 outbreak has spread rapidly and hospitals are overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients. While analysis of nasal and throat swabs from patients is the main way to detect COVID-19, analyzing chest images could offer an alternative method to hospitals, where health care personnel and testing kits are scarce. Deep learning (DL), in particular, has shown impressive levels of performance when analyzing medical images, including those related to COVID-19 pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to perform a systematic review with a meta-analysis of relevant studies to quantify the performance of DL algorithms in the automatic stratification of COVID-19 patients using chest images.

METHODS

A search strategy for use in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was developed, where we searched for articles published between January 1 and April 25, 2020. We used the key terms “COVID-19,” or “coronavirus,” or “SARS-CoV-2,” or “novel corona,” or “2019-ncov,” and “deep learning,” or “artificial intelligence,” or “automatic detection.” Two authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, risk of bias, and outcomes. Any disagreement between them was resolved by consensus.

RESULTS

A total of 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included 5896 chest images from COVID-19 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the DL models in detecting COVID-19 were 0.95 (95% CI 0.94-0.95) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.96-0.97), respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98. The positive likelihood, negative likelihood, and diagnostic odds ratio were 19.02 (95% CI 12.83-28.19), 0.06 (95% CI 0.04-0.10), and 368.07 (95% CI 162.30-834.75), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing other types of pneumonia from COVID-19 were 0.93 (95% CI 0.92-0.94) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.94-0.95), respectively. The performance of radiologists in detecting COVID-19 was lower than that of the DL models; however, the performance of junior radiologists was improved when they used DL-based prediction tools.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study findings show that DL models have immense potential in accurately stratifying COVID-19 patients and in correctly differentiating them from patients with other types of pneumonia and normal patients. Implementation of DL-based tools can assist radiologists in correctly and quickly detecting COVID-19 and, consequently, in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Oladeji Olubusola , Zhang Chi , Moradi Tiam , Tarapore Dharmesh , Stokes Andrew C , Marivate Vukosi , Sengeh Moinina D , Nsoesie Elaine O
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of chronic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing in African countries. Many chronic diseases have been linked to risk factors such as poor diet and physical inactivity. Data for these behavioral risk factors are usually obtained from surveys, which can be delayed by years. Behavioral data from digital sources, including social media and search engines, could be used for timely monitoring of behavioral risk factors.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to propose the use of digital data from internet sources for monitoring changes in behavioral risk factors in Africa.

METHODS

We obtained the adjusted volume of search queries submitted to Google for 108 terms related to diet, exercise, and disease from 2010 to 2016. We also obtained the obesity and overweight prevalence for 52 African countries from the World Health Organization (WHO) for the same period. Machine learning algorithms (ie, random forest, support vector machine, Bayes generalized linear model, gradient boosting, and an ensemble of the individual methods) were used to identify search terms and patterns that correlate with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence across Africa. Out-of-sample predictions were used to assess and validate the model performance.

RESULTS

The study included 52 African countries. In 2016, the WHO reported an overweight prevalence ranging from 20.9% (95% credible interval [CI] 17.1%-25.0%) to 66.8% (95% CI 62.4%-71.0%) and an obesity prevalence ranging from 4.5% (95% CI 2.9%-6.5%) to 32.5% (95% CI 27.2%-38.1%) in Africa. The highest obesity and overweight prevalence were noted in the northern and southern regions. Google searches for diet-, exercise-, and obesity-related terms explained 97.3% (root-mean-square error [RMSE] 1.15) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all 52 countries. Similarly, the search data explained 96.6% (RMSE 2.26) of the variation in the overweight prevalence. The search terms yoga, exercise, and gym were most correlated with changes in obesity and overweight prevalence in countries with the highest prevalence.

CONCLUSIONS

Information-seeking patterns for diet- and exercise-related terms could indicate changes in attitudes toward and engagement in risk factors or healthy behaviors. These trends could capture population changes in risk factor prevalence, inform digital and physical interventions, and supplement official data from surveys.
Store-and-forward teledermatology based on photographs taken with a smartphone by a general practitioner in case of suspicion of melanoma: evaluation of management concordance among dermatologists (Preprint)
Authors: Démoulins Edmond , Schmeltz Heloïse , Gaultier Aurélie , Nguyen Jean Michel , Quereux Gaëlle , Dreno Brigitte , Martin Ludovic , Rat Cédric
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide. The effectiveness of treatment is associated with diagnostic and therapeutic delays. In this context, teledermatology (TD), especially store-and-forward TD, is a promising technology, as it can accelerate the care process. However, several studies indicate that the efficiency and reliability of this practice in cases of pigmented skin lesions is not proven and call for further work.

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to evaluate management concordance among teledermatologists concerning the appropriate consultation delay when reviewing photographs of suspicious pigmented skin lesions taken with a smartphone by a general practitioner (GP).

METHODS

Methods: We conducted management concordance analysis among different teledermatologists with experience in TD. The teledermatologists determined the consultation delay to propose to 110 patients with suspicious pigmented skin lesions viewed online based on 241 photographs taken by GPs in a real-life context. The practitioners had to decide among 4 possibilities for care management: 1. urgent need for consultation, 2. nonurgent need for consultation, 3. no need for consultation, and 4. impossible to assess: request for additional information or photographs from the GP. "Major" discordance was defined as follows: one teledermatologist decided that the patient had to receive a consultation within 15 days, while another teledermatologist decided that it was not necessary to see the patient ("simple letter to the attending physician").

RESULTS

This study revealed poor agreement among dermatologists when they assessed photographs taken by a GP using a smartphone. The interrater agreement was poor regardless of the analysis modality used. The 2-to-2 interdermatologist management concordance revealed a low Cohen's kappa (between 0.11 and 0.43). Overall agreement was low (Fleiss’ kappa 0.24). We observed major discordance regarding care management for 42 clinical cases (38% of patients).

CONCLUSIONS

This study is in line with recent studies calling for postponement of the development of store-and-forward TD for the management of skin cancers until additional studies have been carried out.
Digital Health Solutions and State of Interoperability: Landscape Analysis of Sierra Leone (Preprint)
Authors: Chukwu Emeka , Garg Lalit , Foday Edward , Konomanyi Abdul , Wright Royston , Smart Francis
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The government and partners have invested heavily in the health information system (HIS) for service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Sierra Leone’s government launched its first digital health strategy in 2018. In 2019, a broader national innovation and digital strategy was launched. The health pillar direction will use big data and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve health care in general and maternal and child health in particular. Understanding the number, distribution, and interoperability of digital health solutions is crucial for successful implementation strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents the state of digital health solutions in Sierra Leone and how these solutions currently interoperate. This study further presents opportunities for big data and AI applications.

METHODS

All the district health management teams, all digital health implementing organizations, and a stratified sample of 72 (out of 1284) health facilities were purposefully selected from all health districts and surveyed.

RESULTS

The National Health Management Information System’s (NHMIS’s) aggregate reporting solution populated by health facility forms HF1 to HF9 was, by far, the most used tool. A health facility–based weekly aggregate electronic integrated disease surveillance and response solution was also widely used. Half of the health facilities had more than 2 digital health solutions in use. The different digital health software solutions do not share data among one another, though aggregate reporting data were sent as necessary. None of the respondents use any of the health care registries for patient, provider, health facility, or terminology identification.

CONCLUSIONS

Many digital health solutions are currently used at health facilities in Sierra Leone. The government can leverage current investment in HIS from surveillance and reporting for using big data and AI for care. The vision of using big data for health care is achievable if stakeholders prioritize individualized and longitudinal patient data exchange using agreed use cases from national strategies. This study has shown evidence of distribution, types, and scale of digital health solutions in health facilities and opportunities for leveraging big data to fill critical gaps necessary to achieve the national digital health vision.
Pediatric Clinicians’ Use of Telemedicine: Qualitative Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Finkelstein Julia B , Tremblay Elise S , Van Cain Melissa , Farber-Chen Aaron , Schumann Caitlin , Brown Christina , Shah Ankoor S , Rhodes Erinn T
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Bedside manner describes how clinicians relate to patients in person. Telemedicine allows clinicians to connect virtually with patients using digital tools. Effective virtual communication or webside manner may require modifications to traditional bedside manner.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand the experiences of telemedicine providers with patient-to-provider virtual visits and communication with families at a single large-volume children’s hospital to inform program development and training for future clinicians.

METHODS

A total of 2 focus groups of pediatric clinicians (N=11) performing virtual visits before the COVID-19 pandemic, with a range of experiences and specialties, were engaged to discuss experiential, implementation, and practice-related issues. Focus groups were facilitated using a semistructured guide covering general experience, preparedness, rapport strategies, and suggestions. Sessions were digitally recorded, and the corresponding transcripts were reviewed for data analysis. The transcripts were coded based on the identified main themes and subthemes. On the basis of a higher-level analysis of these codes, the study authors generated a final set of key themes to describe the collected data.

RESULTS

Theme consistency was identified across diverse participants, although individual clinician experiences were influenced by their specialties and practices. A total of 3 key themes emerged regarding the development of best practices, barriers to scalability, and establishing patient rapport. Issues and concerns related to privacy were salient across all themes. Clinicians felt that telemedicine required new skills for patient interaction, and not all were comfortable with their training.

CONCLUSIONS

Telemedicine provides benefits as well as challenges to health care delivery. In interprofessional focus groups, pediatric clinicians emphasized the importance of considering safety and privacy to promote rapport and webside manner when conducting virtual visits. The inclusion of webside manner instructions within training curricula is crucial as telemedicine becomes an established modality for providing health care.
Disparities in Outpatient and Telehealth Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large Integrated Health Care Organization: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Qian Lei , Sy Lina S , Hong Vennis , Glenn Sungching C , Ryan Denison S , Morrissette Kerresa , Jacobsen Steven J , Xu Stanley
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Dramatic decreases in outpatient visits and sudden increases in telehealth visits were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it was unclear whether these changes differed by patient demographics and socioeconomic status.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on in-person outpatient and telehealth visits (telephone and video) by demographic characteristics and household income in a diverse population.

METHODS

We calculated weekly rates of outpatient and telehealth visits by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood-level median household income among members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) from January 5, 2020, to October 31, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019. We estimated the percentage change in visit rates during the early pandemic period (March 22 to April 25, 2020) and the late pandemic period (October 4 to October 31, 2020) from the prepandemic period (January 5 to March 7, 2020) in Poisson regression models for each subgroup while adjusting for seasonality using 2019 data. We examined if the changes in visit rates differed by subgroups statistically by comparing their 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Among 4.56 million KPSC members enrolled in January 2020, 15.0% (n=682,947) were ≥65 years old, 51.5% (n=2,345,020) were female, 39.4% (n=1,795,994) were Hispanic, and 7.7% (n=350,721) lived in an area of median household income <US $40,000. Increases in telehealth visits during the pandemic varied across subgroups, while decreases in outpatient visits were similar, except by age. Among age groups, the ≥65 years population had the least increase in telehealth visits (236.6%, 95% CI 228.8%-244.5%), with 4.9 per one person-year during the early pandemic period versus 1.5 per one person-year during the prepandemic period. During the same periods, across racial/ethnic groups, Hispanic individuals had the largest increase in telehealth visits (295.5%, 95% CI 275.5%-316.5%). Across income levels, telehealth visits in the low-income group increased the most (313.5%, 95% CI 294.8%-333.1%). The rate of combined outpatient and telehealth visits in the Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and low-income groups returned to prepandemic levels by October 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The Hispanic group and low-income group had the largest percentage increase in telehealth utilization in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of virtual care potentially mitigated the impact of the pandemic on health care utilization in these vulnerable populations.
From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Preprint)
Authors: Maghfour Jalal , Sivesind Torunn , Piguet Vincent , Dellavalle Robert , Ingram John R
Published: April 2021

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Potential targeted therapy: The role of MicroRNAs in breast cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell regulation
Authors: Satriyo Pamungkas Bagus
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the advancement of breast cancer treatment, metastatic breast cancer is remaining as an incurable disease. It contributes to almost 90% of cancer-related death in breast cancer cases. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a serial change of the epithelial cell to gain the mesenchymal-like phenotype. In cancer, the cells that undergo the EMT lose the adherent junction protein, cell polarity, and gain the invasive phenotype. Recent studies showed that the EMT induces the cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in cancer cells. These cells possess self-renewal ability, and multi-lineage differentiation capacity to generate the new bulk of tumor during cancer distant metastasis. Both EMT and cancer stem cells take responsibility in drug-resistant, and relapse cases in breast cancer. In the last decades, a new type of non-coding RNA, microRNA (miR) shows have an important role in the normal physiological and pathophysiological condition such as cancer. Recent studies revealed that the EMT is regulated by microRNAs. In this review, we discussed the microRNAs regulation on the EMT process through TGF-β, and Wnt signaling pathways in breast cancer. Understanding of microRNA regulation in EMT in breast cancer metastasis gives a chance to explore a new therapy approach to improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients. In addition, we also explored several potential approaches targeting microRNA as a new approach of cancer treatment.
 
Keywords: breast cancer, microRNA, EMT, metastasis, targeted therapy.
Synthesis of 3-carbethoxy-4(3’-chloro-4’-hydroxy) phenyl-but-3-en-2-one and its cytotoxicity evaluation against cancer cell carrying mutant p53
Authors: Julianus Jeffry , Mustofa  , Jumina
Published: April 2021

Overexpression of mutant p53 in cancer cell inactivates the p53 pathways to execute apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. This study aimed to synthesize new kardiena derivative compound, 3-carbethoxy-4(3’-chloro-4’-hydroxy)phenyl-but-3-en-2-one, to reactivate the p53 pathways to execute apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Characterization of the synthetic compound employing melting point, IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra revealed 3-carbethoxy-4(3’-chloro-4’-hydroxy)phenyl-but-3-en-2-one was successfully synthesized from 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate using dimethylamine as a catalyst. This compound had antiproliferative activity against the WiDr cells which carried mutant p53. Its antiproliferative activity was better than 5’-FU as a reference standard to treat colon cancer. Increasing WiDr cell accumulation in the G2-M phase, the active form of caspase-3, and inducing apoptosis demonstrated the ability of 3-carbethoxy-4(3’-chloro-4’-hydroxy)phenyl-but-3-en-2-one to reactivate p53 pathways to execute apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells carrying mutant p53.
Un juego sin reglas: sobre la imprevisibilidad en la historia
Authors: Boia Lucian
Published: April 2021

Este pequeño volumen quiere ser un esbozo global de la historia. Con una precisión: estrictamente, desde mi punto de vista. Es mi historia, así como la veo, al terminar medio siglo de «experimentos» historiográficos (me atrevo a decir, muy variados). Por ello, no cargué el texto con un exceso de referencias bibliográficas, me limité con mencionar, entre los trabajos de otros, aquellos que en verdad me han ofrecido sugerencias y apoyaron mi enfoque.. Comienzo por subrayar la distinción, muy elemental, por cierto, pero en general descuidada, entre Historia e historia; dicho de manera distinta, entre lo que aconteció en verdad y su reconstrucción de nuestras representaciones. Me he detenido sobre el problema crucial de la causalidad histórica, en mi opinión, mucho más complejo y difícil de aclarar de lo que aparece en especial en las «soluciones» historiográficas. He retomado, de esta perspectiva, algunos temas favoritos: génesis de la Civilización occidental, la Revolución francesa, la ...
PROPRIEDADE FAMILIAR E DESEMPENHO EMPRESARIAL: EVIDÊNCIAS DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS QUE COMPÕEM O ÍNDICE IBRx100 DA B3
Authors: Almeida Dalci Mendes , Flach Leonardo Flach
Published: April 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar se há uma relação significativa entre propriedade familiar e o desempenho de empresas brasileiras que compõem o índice IBRx100 da B3. Nesta pesquisa, a amostra é formada por 80 empresas, composta por 45 não familiares e 35 familiares. Os dados foram coletados na base de dados Economática®, e também no formulário de referência, para os períodos de 2012 a 2016. O modelo aplicado seguiu o estudo de Shyu (2011) e o método estatístico utilizado foi a modelagem de equações simultâneas em painel e análise descritiva. Não foram confirmadas as hipóteses de que existe relação significativa da propriedade familiar no desempenho de empresas brasileiras, e de que existe um grau de propriedade propício para otimizar o desempenho de empresas familiares brasileiras. A pesquisa traz contribuições teórica, pois avança na temática entre empresa familiar e desempenho empresarial, quando relaciona propriedade familiar com o desempenho econômico, financeiro e de mercado, e prática, por meio da evidência à gestores que o negócio com propriedade familiar nem sempre possui relação significativa nos resultados.  Embora os resultados contradigam alguns estudos empíricos anteriores, o conjunto de evidências empíricas desta pesquisa devem ser interpretados com cautela, pois não há consenso entre propriedade familiar e desempenho empresarial. Conclui-se que a propriedade familiar não possui influência no desempenho empresarial.
FATORES DETERMINANTES DA POLÍTICA DE EXECUÇÃO ORÇAMENTÁRIA NO BRASIL (1980-2018)
Authors: Silva Maurício Corrêa da , Nascimento João Carlos Hipólito Bernardes do , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da
Published: April 2021

Os estudos orçamentários no Brasil são eminentemente técnicos, sendo que poucos se utilizam de modelos teóricos para examinar e compreender o comportamento das decisões no processo orçamentário. Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar, dentre um conjunto de fatores, quais foram os determinantes da política de execução orçamentária no Brasil, no período de 1980 a 2018. A investigação utiliza a Teoria Incremental e a Teoria do Equilíbrio Pontuado como suporte para elaborar a variável dependente (variações incrementais e/ou pontuais nas decisões de implementação do Orçamento Federal) e assim testar hipóteses de fatores determinantes com base em estudos empíricos (variáveis explicativas). Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis receita arrecadada e o Produto Interno Bruto per capita apresentaram efeito positivo e significativo com a execução da despesa orçamentária (variações de estabilidade e pontuadas), ou seja, maiores arrecadações e Produto Interno Bruto per capita acarretam no incremento dos serviços públicos a nível federal. Contudo, como os recursos são escassos, deve-se observar que os níveis de gastos devem ter correlação com o crescimento econômico. A variável número de habitantes (população) tem efeito negativo e significativo com a execução orçamentária da despesa, sinalizando que o aumento do número de habitantes provoca uma diminuição no atendimento por parte do Estado em serviços públicos, principalmente com o envelhecimento da população. As variáveis da oposição partidária dos Presidentes da Câmara dos Deputados e do Senado Federal ao Presidente da República (competição política) não apresentaram significância estatística.
NA CONTRAMÃO DA DEMOCRACIA: a crescente indicação política de gestores escolares em Alagoas
Authors: Macena dos Santos Isabela , Da Silva Gomes Eva Pauliana , Do Prado Edna Cristina
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento das formas de escolha do gestor escolar na rede pública municipal de ensino de Alagoas, ao mesmo tempo que analisa as percepções dos secretários de educação sobre o perfil do gestor escolar, eleição e indicação de diretores. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa com aplicação de questionário com os secretários de educação e presidentes do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores da Educação em Alagoas (SINTEAL), com objetivo de compreender as formas de provimento do cargo de gestor escolar da rede municipal de ensino alagoana. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados apontam que Alagoas vem fazendo um caminho contrário ao que determina a meta 19 do Plano Nacional de Educação – PNE (2014-2024), no que tange à utilização de formas mais democráticas de escolha do gestor escolar, pois, ao fazer a comparação com pesquisa realizada em 2013 sobre as formas de escolha do gestor escolar, constatou-se que, após sete anos, ainda a indicação política é a forma de provimento predominante na rede municipal do estado.
Gulliver's Travels is written by Seventeenth century Anglo-Irish prose writer Jonathan Swift. Jonathan swift employed literary device called invective, satire in his writing to cure social malaise of seventeenth century society. Gulliver's travels are a p
Authors: Chauta Gopal
Published: April 2021

Gulliver's Travels is written by Seventeenth century Anglo-Irish prose writer Jonathan Swift. Jonathan swift employed literary device called invective, satire in his writing to cure social malaise of seventeenth century society. Gulliver's travels are a political allegory in which seventeenth century society is highlighted in many aspects. There is a character called Lemuel Gulliver which is enterprising and adventurous underwent a voyage to Lilliput. The author gives some account of himself and family. His first inducement to travel. He is shipwrecked and swims for his life gets safe on shore in the country of Lilliput is made prisoner and carried up the country. The emperor of Lilliput attended by several of the nobility, come to see the author in his confinement. The Emperor's person and habit described. Learned men appointed to teach the author the language. He gains favor by his mild disposition. His pockets are searched and his sword & pistols taken from him.
Journey Towards Self-realization in Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup and Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner: A Comparative Study
Authors: A Mohanraj , Muthusamy Dr. A. K.
Published: April 2021

The Prolific South African novelist, Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup (2001) and the promising Afghan writer, Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner (2003) belong to New Literatures in English. The main characters in these two novels undertake their journey from their native place to foreign country in pursuit of happiness, place, prosperity and self-realization. This research paper attempts to make a comparison between Gordimer’s The Pickup and Hosseini’s The Kite Runner in terms of the journey undertaken by the protagonists Abdu and Julie of The Pickup and Amir of The Kite Runner though these two novels are set in a different background.
Correlation between Spiritual Well-Being and Level of Fatigue among Patients Suﬀering from Breast Cancer
Authors: Komariah Maria , Firdaus Mohd Khairul Zul Hasymi , Aryal Kalpana Paudel , Latif Md Abdul
Published: April 2021

Cancer-related fatigue has been shown to be a signifcant side eﬀect that inﬂuences a person’s wellbeing, duringtreatment, and after treatment. It is recorded that cancer patients have also been shown experiencing spiritualdistress. The study aims to determine the connection between spiritual well-being and cancer-related fatigueamong patients suﬀering from breast cancer during chemotherapy treatment. 112 patients who were undergoingchemotherapy treatment were recruited in this study using a correlational design. The instruments used inassessing spiritual well-being and fatigue are Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spirituality(FACIT-Sp) and FACIT-Fatigue Scales. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation analysis. Meanspiritual well-being score was 35.91 (SD = 6.89), and the mean fatigue score was 33.04 (SD = 9.58). Therewere a moderate and signifcant correlation between fatigue scores and spiritual well-being (r = .364, p < 0.001).Breast cancer patients who had higher spiritual well-being that means they would alleviate fatigue symptoms.Therefore, nurses should consider that increasing spiritual well-being would reduce fatigue and vice versa.