bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mentes Secretas: cores, significados e vivência pela terapia ocupacional dentro de um Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico
Authors: Hernandes Raphaela Schiassi , Oliveira Raíssa Vasconcelos de
Published: December 2021

A loucura sempre esteve presente na sociedade, sendo vista a depender do momento encontrado. Inicialmente foi identificada como um fenômeno sobrenatural, até passar a ser compreendida como doença. A partir daí criam-se hospitais psiquiátricos e o doente mental inicia um longo processo de exclusão. Posteriormente, com a Reforma Psiquiátrica surgiram novas propostas de atendimento ao sofrimento psíquico, propondo a desinstitucionalização. Concomitantemente, com o decorrer dessas mudanças, no século XX, necessitou da criação de Hospitais de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (HCTP) para assistir aquele que cometia delito decorrente da sua desordem mental. Nesses serviços está incluso o terapeuta ocupacional, responsável pela (re) construção do cotidiano dessas pessoas que precisam ser inseridas. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um relato de experiência, dentro de um HCTP, onde foram realizados encontros semanais, em grupo. O objetivo geral foi relatar o atendimento do grupo de terapia ocupacional em um HCTP, por meio de atividades expressivas. Os objetivos específicos foram: expor por meio de atividades expressivas, a percepção que os internos possuem sobre temas cotidianos e compreender, por meio das atividades, os benefícios dos encontros com a terapia ocupacional. Foi possível proporcionar aos internos, a expressão da subjetividade pela pintura, utilizando também a música para auxiliar na reflexão e processo criativo. Outro ponto, foi a escolha do setting que possibilitou uma quebra do ócio improdutivo, passando a ser um espaço de promoção de lazer e saúde. Logo, observa-se a necessidade de um terapeuta ocupacional nesses espaços para ressignificar o cotidiano, ampliando seu repertório de atividades.
Isolamento de leveduras patogênicas da microbiota superficial de tamanduás mantidos em cativeiro
Authors: Bentubo Henri Donnarumma Levy , Miranda Flávia Regina , Paula Cátia Dejuste de , Coutinho Selene Dall'Acqua
Published: December 2021

A composição da microbiota fúngica do pelame de animais silvestres ainda é pouco conhecida. Estabelecer parâmetros microbiológicos que permitam prever eventos infecciosos oportunistas nesses animais pode ser útil na preservação de espécies amaçadas de extinção. O objetivo dessa investigação foi isolar e identificar leveduras de potencial patogênico do pelame de tamanduás mantidos em cativeiro. Vinte e sete tamanduás, provenientes da Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP) e Parque Municipal Quinzinho de Barros (Zôo-Sorocaba, SP) foram pesquisados. Catorze espécimes serão de tamanduá-bandeira (Mymercophaga tridactyla) e 13 de tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla), dos quais, 63% machos e 37%, fêmeas. A técnica do quadrado do carpete foi empregada na obtenção das amostras de pelame. As leveduras isoladas foram identificadas por meio de suas características morfológicas e por método semi-automatizado ID-32CÒ. Para descrever as variáveis obtidas por meio do instrumento de pesquisa, foram verificadas a frequência de ocorrência e os resultados foram expressos em valores relativos. Foram isoladas, no total, 33 leveduras a partir das amostras de pelame dos 27 tamanduás. As espécies de leveduras isoladas foram: oito Candida guilliermondii (24,2%), três C. famata (9,1%), três C. kefyr (9,1%), duas C. glabrata (6,1%), três Cryptococcus laurentii (9,1%), um C. humicola (3,0%), seis Geotrichum candidum (18,2%), três Malassezia pachydermatis (9.1%), duas Rhodotorula glutinis (6,1%) e dois Trichosporon asahii (6,1%). Pode-se concluir que leveduras reconhecidamente patogênicas podem colonizar a microbiota do tegumento de tamanduás-bandeira e tamanduás-mirim mantidos em cativeiro e representam potencial risco de infecção oportunista para esses animais.
A eficiência e segurança na implementação de protocolos de exercícios físicos como tratamento não medicamentoso para pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise e as dificuldades de implementação na prática clínica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Uchoa Milton Rocha , Magalhães Ana Letícia Oliveira , Bronzo Thaís , Brito Millena de Mikely Pereira , Araújo Luís Felipe Castro , Costa Maurício Bruno da , Silva Érica Rodrigues da , Lima Gabriel Santos de Castro , Silva Flaviana Santos de Sousa , Lima Giérisson Brenno Borges , Costa Sueli de Souza , Amorim Carlos Eduardo Neves
Published: December 2021

A doença renal crônica (DRC) consiste em lesão renal progressiva com taxa de filtração glomerular diminuída por mais de três meses. em sua fase mais avançada, é denominada de insuficiência renal crônica em fase terminal. Nesta fase, os pacientes têm indicação de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) ou transplante renal. A DRC traz consigo várias comorbidades como a anemia, estado inflamatório crônico, hipertensão, diabetes, uremia crônica. O papel anti-inflamatório da prática regular de exercícios físicos tem correlação íntima com a diminuição na progressão da DRC e também com o prognóstico dos pacientes. Esse estudo visa estabelecer os efeitos e a segurança da prática regular de exercícios físicos no prognóstico de pacientes com doença renal crônica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que utilizou a consulta nas bases de dados eletrônicas SCIELO, PUBMED e LILACS,em setembro de 2021, utilizando os seguintes critérios prévios: data de publicação de 01 de janeiro de 2016 a 30 de setembro de 2021; idioma inglês; descritores incluídos no título e/ou resumo – exercício (exercise), hemodiálise (haemodialysis) e doença renal crônica (chronic kidney disease), texto gratuito, devendo serem selecionados apenas ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os resultados evidenciaram uma melhora significativa na modulação de biomarcadores inflamatórios, Kt/V, força muscular, reserva cardiorrespiratória, padrão de sono e comportamentos promotores de saúde. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, o programa de EF intradialítico mostrou-se eficiente e de aplicabilidade factível. Mesmo o exercício de baixa intensidade, inclusive de forma passiva, teve impactos positivos sobre a qualidade de vida e saúde destes indivíduos.
Violência contra a mulher sob a ótica de pessoas usuárias da Atenção Básica
Authors: Rodrigues Débora dos Santos , Silva Camila Daiane , Acosta Daniele Ferreira , Gutmann Victoria Leslyê Rocha , Teixeira Lisiane Ortiz , Martins Sibele da Rocha , Amarijo Cristiane Lopes
Published: December 2021

Esse estudo objetiva identificar a percepção de pessoas usuárias da atenção básica sobre a violência contra a mulher. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, tendo como participantes 18 usuários dos serviços de saúde de nove unidades básicas de saúde da família do município de Rio Grande. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020 por meio de uma entrevista gravada com questionário semiestruturado, além de solicitar aos participantes que elencassem palavras que lhes viessem naturalmente a mente ao ouvir o tema violência contra a mulher. Tais palavras foram analisadas pelo programa online e gratuito Wordcloud®. O tratamento das entrevistas se deu pela Análise de Conteúdo. Obteve-se a aprovação no Comitê de Ética. Desta análise, emergiram três categorias: “Gênero e violência: reconhecimento das desigualdades”; “Sentimentos e a (in)compreensão frente a violência” e “Suporte à vítima de violência: serviços de proteção”. Os participantes tiveram dificuldade de conceituar a palavra gênero, associando o termo diretamente à sexualidade das pessoas. Ainda, pontuaram reconhecer a existência da lei Maria da Penha, porém destacaram a fragilidade dos serviços de proteção apontados como ambientes preconceituosos e discriminatórios. É necessário incentivar a população para mudanças de hábitos e atitudes, tendo em vista que o comportamento violento segue um padrão pré-estabelecido vinculado a uma cultura machista e sexista.
Eficiência da técnica de electrospraying na encapsulação de compostos lipídicos aplicados a alimentos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Costa Beatriz Lopes da , Silva Neto Pedro Abreu da , Oliveira Magnólia Carneiro de , Chaves Maria Juciene Lima , Braga Renata Chastinet , Farias Virna Luiza de
Published: December 2021

Encapsulation techniques have been used to overcome problems such as instability and degradation of compounds sensitive to process conditions in food production. Electrospraying is a current method, which enables the production of micro and nanocapsules of compounds, which can be incorporated into food. This review provides readers with an overview of the application of electrospraying to natural lipids intended for food application. The objective of this review was to gather articles published on the production of lipid compounds microcapsules via electrospraying and to verify the efficiency of the application of this technique in lipid compounds of importance in the food field. The present study consists of a systematic review using the Periódicos CAPES and the Science Direct databases as research bases. About 139 studies were found, being selected 9 to compose the present study. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the electrospraying technique for the microencapsulation of lipid compounds provides for obtaining uniform capsules with a regular structure, which are desirable characteristics. This technique helped in the protection of bioactive and thermosensitive compounds, such as β-carotene and omega-3. The application of the method provided oxidative stability to oils during the storage period of the capsules. It was concluded that electrospraying is an efficient technique for microencapsulation of lipid compounds, with advantages, compared to other methods, of promoting the formation of micro or nanocapsules, with regular shape, quickly and without the need for high temperatures.
Pro-inflammatory diet, frailty and sarcopenia: a study with older people in outpatient care
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Benatti de , Yogi Cintia Midori , Vidigal Fernanda de Carvalho , Lima Daniela Braga , Paulino Alice Helena  de Souza , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira de
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), sarcopenia, and frailty syndrome in older people. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-probabilistic study was carried out with 135 older people, attended by a general outpatient clinic. The older people were classified in relation to sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The frailty classification was made through self-referred questions. The calculation of the DII was made using the iOS application IF RATING®. Association analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Of the 135 older people evaluated, 17.78% were classified as sarcopenic and 47.41% as frail. No association was observed between the most inflammatory DII and sarcopenia. Regarding frailty syndrome, older people with a more inflammatory DII were more likely to be frail (OR=3.64; 95%CI=1.24-10.70). Discussion: These results could stimulate actions to promote an anti-inflammatory diet, with a view to preventing frailty in older people.
Práticas de grupo desenvolvidas pelo núcleo ampliado de saúde da família e atenção básica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Silva Jainne Oliveira Leão , Silva Jaianne Oliveira Leão , Pereira Rangel Campos , Silva Marcos Vinicius Rodrigues Oliveira , Santos Erik das Merces , Nunes Gabriele Lima , Brito Grazyelle Teles , Lacerda André de Oliveira , Sousa Lázaro Silva , Almeida Jean Sousa , Silva Alan Agnelo Bonfim da , Pessoa Luanna Evelyn Inácio , Sampaio Talita Santos Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Este estudo objetiva descrever o processo de trabalho do núcleo ampliado de saúde da família e atenção básica com ênfase nas práticas de grupos desenvolvidas pelos profissionais do núcleo ampliado de saúde da família e atenção básica. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com base na pesquisa avançada de estudos nas bases de dados: SCIELO, PubMed e LILACS, utilizando os operadores boleanos AND e OR. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em língua portuguesa que retratassem a respectiva temática, entre os períodos de 2011 a 2021 e excluídos aqueles com mais de dez anos, que não estivessem disponíveis gratuitamente e os que não estavam associados ao presente tema, monografias, dissertação, teses, resumos e artigos duplicados. Foram selecionados 09 artigos pelos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Identificou-se grupos com grande variedade de públicos alvo. Conclui-se que, as práticas de grupo realizadas pelas equipes do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família podem beneficiar inúmeras pessoas, tendo a possibilidade de desenvolver grupos em diversas áreas e temas de acordo com as necessidades específicas de cada população. Entretanto, houve dificuldade na busca dos artigos, pelo fato de que inúmeros autores apenas citaram o desenvolvimento dos grupos, sem detalhar sua finalidade e quais atividades eram realizadas em cada grupo, deixando uma lacuna que dificulta e compromete o entendimento acerca do processo de trabalho do núcleo ampliado de saúde da família e atenção básica, no âmbito dos grupos terapêuticos/educativos.
Mortalidade em pessoas idosas do Distrito Federal, 2008-2018: principais causas e fatores relacionados
Authors: Costa Geraldo Marques da , Sanchez Mauro Niskier , Shimizu Helena Eri
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Descrever os óbitos dos idosos do Distrito Federal de 2008 a 2018 e analisar as principais causas e fatores relacionados. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo série temporal sobre mortalidade dos idosos, análise descritiva e comparação de taxas através do teste jonckheere-terpstra. Resultados: A idade média foi 76,51. A maioria dos óbitos ocorreu dentre 80 anos ou mais. Sexo masculino predominou. As principais causas de óbito foram infarto agudo do miocárdio (6,6%); pneumonia (5,2%); acidente vascular cerebral (4,1%); neoplasia maligna dos brônquios ou pulmões (3%) e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (2,6%). Maior mortalidade entre homens (p<0,001), por causas cardiovasculares (p=0,006), e em idosos mais velhos (p<0,001) foi estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: A maioria dos óbitos foi por causas cardiovasculares. Ser homem idoso e maior idade estiveram relacionados a maior mortalidade. Os achados sugerem que o aumento da cobertura de atenção primária pode ter contribuído para o padrão observado.
Abordagem orto-preventiva de perda precoce do segundo molar decíduo: relato de caso
Authors: Fernandes David Bruno Abdon , Sampaio Maria Victória de Araújo , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo , Santos José Ricardo Prando dos , Santos Bruna Ramos Meireles dos
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi recuperar um espaço dentário perdido em decorrência de perda precoce do segundo molar decíduo. Na abordagem foi utilizado um recuperador de espaço removível e finalizado com aparelho fixo segmentado. Como resultado foi observado a recuperação total do espaço e irrupção fisiológica do pré-molar impactado, ressaltando a importância da ortodontia preventiva e interceptativa na correção de má-oclusão diagnosticada precocemente. Metodologia: Partindo da permissão da paciente por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido em partilhar sua imagem para devido fim, o presente estudo trata de um relato de caso clínico de cunho analítico descritivo (Pereira et al., 2018). Relato de caso: Paciente, sexo masculino, 9 anos de idade apresentava má-oclusão classe II dentária direita subdivisão 1 de Angle, devido a perda precoce do elemento 55 (segundo molar superior direito decíduo). O tratamento proposto foi a instalação de um aparelho recuperador de espaço removível, sendo necessário sua substituição ao longo do tratamento por um aparelho fixo segmentado com mola digital em decorrência da pandemia de COVID-19, a fim acelerar a recuperação do espaço e aproveitar a maior força eruptiva do elemento dentário. Conclusão: Os recursos ofertados com o uso de aparelhos recuperadores de espaço são eficazes para interceptar e tratar más-oclusões diagnosticadas precocemente.
Factors influencing development of the infant microbiota: from prenatal period to early infancy
Authors: Jeong Sujin
Published: December 2021

During early life, the gut microbial composition rapidly changes by maternal microbiota composition, delivery mode, infant feeding mode, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors, such as the presence of pets and siblings. An integrative study on the diet, the microbiota, and genomic activity at the transcriptomic level may give an insight into the role of diet in shaping the human/microbiome relationship. Disruption in the gut microbiota (i.e., gut dysbiosis) has been linked to necrotizing enterocolitis in infancy, as well as some chronic diseases in later, including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of maternal-to-infant transfer of dysbiotic microbes and then modifying infant early colonization or correcting early-life gut dysbiosis might be a potential strategy to overcome chronic health conditions.
Anatomy of two species of Plumbago : a traditional medicinal plant and its relevance for
taxonomy
Authors: Chaudhari Smita
Published: December 2021

Plumbago is a traditional medicinal plant in Ayurveda. The paper presents anatomical study of leaf, petiole, stem and root of two species of Plumbago namely P. zeylanica, P. auriculata and, its relevance in discrimination of these two species. Anatomical features of leaf which are of diagnostic value in delimitation of both taxa are outline of T. S.,shape and size of epidermal cells, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding the vascular bundles, number of tannins cells. Characters of taxonomic significance in petiole anatomy are outline of T. S, presence of trichomes, shape and size of epidermal cells, abundance of collenchyma, arrangement and number of vascular bundles, presence of sclerenchyma surrounding vascular bundles, number of tannin cells. The diagnostically useful anatomical features of stem to discriminate both taxa of Plumbago are degree of elevation of stem ridges, occurrence of double layered epidermis, size of epidermal cells, distinctness of endodermis, abundance and distribution of pericyclicsclerenchyama, number of vascular bundles. Anatomical features of taxonomic significance in root are width of cortex and abundance of starch grains in cortex cells, abundance and distribution of pericyclics clerenchyama, amount of vascularization, distribution, diameter and density of vessels, width of medullary ray.
Allelopathic effects of Anthocephalus cadamba on germination and growth behavior of
some pulses
Authors: Al Amin Sk Md Ismail
Published: December 2021

The present study was undertaken to explore the allelopathic capability of Anthocephalus cadamba leaf litters on four common pulses viz. Pisum sativum, Phaseolus mungo, Cicer arietinum and Lens esculenta uncovered critical hindrance of seed germination and seedling development. The leaf powder obtained after shade drying (1, 2, 5 and 10 g) was doused independently in 100 ml distilled water for a day and a half (36hrs). Application of this leaf extracts reduced seed germination rate and suppressed early seedling growth. With increase in extract concentration from 1 to 10%, a slow abatement in seed germination and seedling length happened. The inhibitory impacts were relative to the groupings of leaf separates and the higher fixation (5-10%) had more inhibitory impacts. Among the test crops, Cicer arietinum and Pisum sativum seeds were least touchy to the utilization of different groupings of leaf extracts while Lens esculenta and Phaseolus mungo seeds were more helpless to the allelopathic impacts of Anthocephalus cadamba. The results suggest that leaf extracts of Anthocephalus cadamba had strong allelopathic activity although the activity differed depending on concentration. The current investigation could be significant in arranging the field under various harvests considering the common agro-biological system for better return. It is also suggested that these pulses should not be planted close to Anthocephalus cadamba due to unfriendly impacts on their development and advancement. These results suggested that the A. cadamba had allelopathic potential which decreases germination and plant development.
Diversity of Arthropod fauna associated with Chilli (Capsicum annum)
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Singh R. P.
Published: December 2021

A field trial was conducted to study the arthropod fauna association in chilli at private agriculture farm, Jhansi (U.P.) during the two consecutive years. The study revealed the occurrence of arthropods fauna belonging to the diverse group. About twenty one diverse groups of species belonging to order Hemiptera – three, Thysenoptera - one, Araneae-two Coleopteranfour, Orthopotera -one, Lepidoptera - three, Hymenoptera - three, Odotenone, dictyoptera-one, Neuroptera-one and Clubiona sp. The arthropods were grouped under different categories on the basis of their nature of damage/activity found during the crop seasons.
Addition of fungal diseases of forest plants from Jalna (MS) India
Authors: Todawat Navalsingh J.
Published: December 2021

A survey was carried out in the region of tehsil Badnapur, Jalna to investigate the incidence of fungal disease of plants. Field survey was carried out. Diseased plant leaves were identified using disease symptoms. During the survey, 9 plants were found infected by 6 fungal pathogens causing the disease, viz Cercospora achyranthes, C. balansae, C. gloriosae, C. jamaicensis, Colletotrichum capsici, Marssonina poonensis, Pestalotiopsis carbonacea, Phyllachora euphorbiae and Phyllostictacle rodendri.
Efficacy of Nanoparticles as a research tool to control Mosquito vector: A review
Authors: Baghela Vareesh , Kachhwaha Neetu
Published: December 2021

Nanotechnology has revolutionized a wide array of disciplines with its explicit applications in various important fields related to human health and environment. Utilization of nanoparticles to control mosquito menace is one of the most important output of nano research. Mosquitoes are a threat to the worldwide population as they serve as vectors for a variety of diseasecausing organisms. They are responsible for numerous diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Conventional control methods use various chemicals and physical agents which are unable to fulfill the current demand of mosquito control strategy. From the decades, the application of these chemicals are causing a continuous harm to biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. Therefore, recent studies are focusing on the novel and safe nanotool that are proving a boon to control measures against mosquito population.Plant mediated nanoparticles approach has shown impressive results in the field of mosquito control biology.Green synthesis of copper, zinc and silver nanoparticles have shown their toxic effects against mosquito.The review provides an insight of green revolution of rapidly growing nano research as a green nanotool control tactics to minimize the damage caused due to mosquito borne diseases.
Response of farm yard manures and zinc application of growth parameters and yield of
winter maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Singh Satyavir , Dayal Guru , Shukla Ashish Kumar , Sahu Anil Kumar , Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: December 2021

Field experiment was conducted at organic research farm Karguan Ji, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University Jhansi (UP) during rabi season. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprised three levels of FYM (0, 10and 20t/ha) and three levels of Zinc (0,5 and 10 kg/ha) with three replications. The application of FYM and Zinc obtained significantly higher values in respect to growth,yield attributes and yieldof maize in all the treatments, over control.The maximum values and increased percentage were recorded in respect to plant height, no. of grains/cob, grains weight/cob, weight/cob, 100 seed weight, biological yield, stover yield and grain yield of 146.03cm and 12.35%, 288.66 and 7.4%, 96.86g and 12.36%, 92.30g and 13.72%, 20.1g and 5.0%, 150.33 q/ha and 33.67%, 107.16 q/ha and 33.3%, 42.86 q/ha and 33.4% with T8 treatment respectively,over control, followed by T7, T5 and T2 treatments. All the treatments were found superior in respect to all parameters, over control, while T8 treatment was proved most superior among the treatments. The data in respect of harvest index statistically found non significant. The lowest values regarding growth, yield attributes and yield at lower level of10 t/ha FYM along with 5 kg/ha Zinc application in the study.The soil samples were found neutral in reaction, normal in EC, low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorous& zinc and high in available potassium.
Diversity of insect fauna in Rajasthan, India: A Review
Authors: Prajapat Ramesh , Meena Shashi
Published: December 2021

Insect diversity is huge and immensely complex with making up an important component of the functional biodiversity of the terrestrial ecosystem. The study of diversity is a systematic approach to assess composition, abundance and comparison of inhabiting species in the various habitats. The Rajasthan state is divided into different climate zones from a western arid desert to a humid region of the south-eastern plateau that represents significant insect diversity. The present review aims to provide baseline information of insect diversity in four eco-geographical regions of the Rajasthan. The exact number of species is still not clear. Although, after perusal of the literature, the study revealed that there were 878 insect species and subspecies recorded belonging to 104 families and 14 orders. Among all, the order Lepidoptera is most diverse representing 234 species followed by Hymenoptera with 208 species and Coleoptera with 129 species. The maximum number of 398 species were recorded from the Aravalli range followed by 283 species in the Thar Desert, 225 species from the eastern plain while the Southeastern plateau is less diverse with 86 species of insects. This review will be helpful to assess the comparison and identify species data of the insect fauna for further study.
Условия проявления аномалии течения пластифицированных цементно-минеральных смесей
Authors: ИНОЗЕМЦЕВ Александр Сергеевич , КОРОЛЕВ Евгений Валерьевич
Published: December 2021

В работе представлены результаты исследования цементно-минеральных паст, пластифицированных поликарбоксилатным пластификатором. Установлено, что введение поверхностно-активных веществ в цементные системы изменяет условия взаимодействия частиц дисперсной фазы, повышая однородность распределения воды в объеме за счет уменьшения толщины ее прослойки. Важным условием проявления реологической аномалии служит возникновение структурной неоднородности в дисперсных системах, структурные свойства которых характерны для решетчатого приближения. Границы аномалии течения пластифицированных дисперсных систем на цементной основе могут быть установлены с помощью геометрического критерия, учитывающего параметры структуры смеси. Восстановление типичного течения наступает за счет более интенсивного формирования плотной "лобовой" зоны и большего ее влияния на сопротивление течению, чем "периферийной" зоны, оказывающей противоположенное влияние.
Степень охрупчивания в местах гиба гнутосварных квадратных и прямоугольных профилей
Authors: ГОРИЦКИЙ Виталий Михайлович , ШНЕЙДЕРОВ Георгий Рафаилович , ГЛАДШТЕЙН Леонид Исаакович , ВОРОБЬЕВ Сергей Николаевич
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрена проблема применения гнутосварных замкнутых квадратных и прямоугольных профилей. Исследовано влияние двух типов ударных образцов Менаже и Шарпи, а также химического состава стали на величину охрупчивания в местах гиба квадратных и прямоугольных профилей. Определено как влияет место вырезки ударных образцов (начало, середина и концевой участок рулона) на величину охрупчивания углов гиба на профиле. Изучено влияние концентрации фосфора в углеродистой стали на уровень предела текучести и его вклад в величину охрупчивания в местах гиба профиля. На образцах Менаже и Шарпи испытали воздействие типа надреза на форму кривых ударной вязкости в диапазоне климатических температур. Для разных марок стали установлены запасы хладостойкости. Изучено, как размер зерна феррита влияет на критические температуры хрупкости. Предложена зависимость Коттрелла-Петча для расчета критического значения размера зерна феррита, обеспечивающего величину запаса хладостойкости для безопасной эксплуатации строительных конструкций из квадратного и прямоугольного профиля.
Особенности эколого-инженерных решений повышения эффективности строительства в горных районах
Authors: ОЛЕЙНИК Павел Павлович , ИСРАЕЛЯН Рудольф Герасимович , ИСРАЕЛЯН Марк Арменович
Published: December 2021

Рассмотрено влияние природно-климатических факторов на производство строительных работ в горных условиях. Данное влияние при увеличении высоты горного рельефа над уровнем моря изучено недостаточно, поэтому его не учитывают в инженерно-технических решениях инженерной экологии. В связи с этим продолжительность строительства зданий и сооружений значительно превышает нормативные сроки, снижается эффективность использования трудовых ресурсов, строительных машин и механизмов, автотранспортных средств, а также возрастают затраты строительных организаций. На основе анализа строительства 160 объектов установлены две группы факторов и их влияние на сроки возведения сооружений. Рекомендованы формулы для определения наиболее активных факторов. Предложено с помощью математических методов, таких как статистический эксперимент, экспертные оценки, моделирование, рассчитывать экологические риски. Изложена гипотеза развития этих рисков при строительстве в горных районах. На основе многофакторных моделей доказана ее эффективность. Разработанные математические модели развития эколого-экономических рисков позволят принимать обоснованные организационно-технологические решения при строительстве в горной местности.
Организационная обеспеченность строительных проектов на основе технологии информационного моделирования
Authors: КИЕВСКИЙ Илья Леонидович , АЛЕКСАНИН Александр Вячеславович , ЖАРОВ Ярослав Владимирович
Published: December 2021

Развитие строительной отрасли совместно с активным внедрением в нее информационных технологий позволяет применять кардинально новые методы работы с информацией и современные способы коммуникаций между участниками реализации комплексных строительных проектов. Цели и задачи данной работы направлены на повышение качества реализуемых проектов, а также на увеличение скорости принятия и прогнозируемости управленческих решений благодаря использованию технологий информационного моделирования. Термин "технология информационного моделирования" в проводимом исследовании интерпретируется как инструмент обобщения и аналитики информации об объектах строительства при реализации комплексного проекта (возведение нескольких зданий или сооружений на одной территории), который служит надежной основой для принятия управленческих решений в течение всего жизненного цикла программы проекта. В статье использованы общедоступные данные (законодательные и нормативно-правовые акты, опубликованные работы зарубежных и отечественных ученых), а также материалы практической реализации комплексного проекта строительства. Предлагается алгоритм создания системы управления проектами с использованием технологий информационного моделирования, который может стать основой для разработки передовых практик применения этой технологии для всех участников программы реализации комплексных строительных проектов, а также для разработки методической базы обеспечения информационных коммуникаций участников проекта на основе информационных моделей.
Recent Research Trends for Improving the Stability of Organo/Inorgano Halide Perovskites
Authors: Seol Myeong Jin , Han Jeong Woo , Hwang Seung Hwan , Kim Soo Young
Published: December 2021

Because of their superior optical, and electrical properties, lead halide perovskites have emerged as potential materials for light-emitting-diodes. However, some obstacles have yet to be overcome for practical applications including low exciton binding energy, the difficulty of fabricating uniform perovskite films,, and their instability to heat, light, and moisture. In this review, we focus on strategies to improve the lifetime, and stability of perovskites such as core-shell structure, ligand exchange, and doping.
Effects of Composition on the Electromagnetic Wave Shielding/Absorption and Corrosion in Zn-Ni Alloy Thin Film
Authors: Lim Jeongwook , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Yeonjoo , Song Pungkeun , Kwon Ahram
Published: December 2021

In the Fourth industrial age, there is increasing use of electronic devices with high frequency (GHz) operating circuits for radio wave transmission/reception. This can lead to electromagnetic noise, and malfunctions in nearby devices. Electromagnetic shielding technology has emerged as an important way of preventing device malfunctions due to noise, and interest in shielding materials for electromagnetic waves has also increased. To allow compact integration and light weight electronic devices, highly efficient, thin and multifunctional film materials are required. This study selected the Zn-Ni alloy, which has adequate corrosion resistance, to protect the metal parent material of electronic components. Various compositions of the alloy were deposited using magnetron sputtering. Phase formation and composition were confirmed through XRD and SEM and EDS. The surface resistance of the thin films was measured using the 4point probe method, to calculate the shielding rate of the thin films. The electromagnetic wave shielding/absorption rate then measured according to frequency and the results compared with the calculated values. Corrosion resistance was evaluated with a polarization test. The far field electromagnetic shielding/absorption rate increased as the Zn content increased, up to 52 dB in a film with 70 at% of Zn. Corrosion resistivity behavior was the opposite. However, the Ni5Zn21 phase formation, which occurred in films with lower Zn composition, helped to improve electromagnetic absorption in the near field as well as corrosion resistivity. Therefore, the optimum composition of the Zn-Ni films was provisionally determined to be around Ni: Zn = 43:57 for electronic devices using electromagnetic waves in the near field range.
‘Of course it is idealised’: Lindsay Anderson's Every Day Except Christmas
Authors: Cornelius Paul , Rhein Douglas
Published: December 2021

This article examines Lindsay Anderson's 1957 documentary, Every Day Except Christmas, as a distinct product of British post-war culture that also contributed significantly to the development of Anderson's own film aesthetic. It also sets Every Day Except Christmas against the background of Anderson's influential documentary made a year earlier, O Dreamland. The article combines formal and contextual analysis of Christmas with a review of contemporary assessments of the film as well as Anderson's own comments on it.
Rose Macaulay and Propaganda
Authors: Purdon James
Published: December 2021

The novelist Rose Macaulay (1881–1958) had direct professional experience of Britain's secret propaganda operation during the First World War. She was among the first British novelists to take propaganda seriously as a subject for fiction, and wrote insightfully about its methods and its social implications. Moreover, her long career illuminates both the continuity and the development of the British state's clandestine efforts to shape public opinion at home and abroad, from the beginnings of systematic, state-directed propaganda in the First World War to the more diffuse strategies of early Cold War anti-communism. Despite her close connections to propaganda in both world wars, however – and notwithstanding the interest her fiction very frequently takes in the worlds of official information, disinformation, and espionage – Macaulay has hardly figured in recent scholarship on the links between literature and national information systems. This article argues that Macaulay approached the challenge of reconciling propaganda and literature differently from many of her modernist contemporaries, refusing to abandon the idea of fiction as a persuasive and socially-engaged form of imaginative writing. If this position made her an outlier in the climate of reaction against propaganda which followed the First World War, it would, by the early years of the Cold War, seem much more tenable. In its first half, the article establishes Macaulay's bona fides as a participant in Britain's wartime propaganda establishment, and describes the impression this experience left on her early fiction. It then turns to Macaulay's final novel, The Towers of Trebizond, in which religious propaganda and anti-communist rhetoric combine, to great comic effect, in the febrile atmosphere of the Cold War middle east.
Are Puns Mere? Christine Brooke-Rose's Amalgamemnon
Authors: Jordan Julia
Published: December 2021

This article will explore the relationship between linguistic puns and knowledge, in particular puns in Christine Brooke-Rose's work, and what they tell us about knowledge: secret knowledge; encoded knowledge; latent knowledge that remains latent; and the refusal of knowledge. My title is an allusion to Frank Kermode's 1967 essay ‘Objects, Jokes, and Art’, where he puzzles away at his own difficulty with distinguishing avant garde writing and art, especially what he calls the ‘neo-avant garde’ of the 60s, from jokes. ‘I myself believe’, he writes anxiously, ‘that there is a difference between art and a joke’, admitting that ‘it has sometimes been difficult to tell.’ Brooke-Rose, whose work Kermode admired, is a perfect example of this. Her texts revolve around the pun, the surprise juxtaposition between semantic poles, the unexpected yoking together of disparate elements. Puns, for Brooke-Rose, sit at the juncture between the accidental and the overdetermined. So what is funny about the pun? Not much, I propose, or rather, it provokes a particular sort of ambivalent laughter which becomes folded into the distinctive character and affective potency of late modernism itself: its deadpan silliness; its proclivity to collision and violence; its excitability and its melancholy. Brooke-Rose's humour is thus of the difficult sort, that is, humour that reveals itself at the moment of its operation to be not all that funny. The unsettling laughter, I propose, that exposes literature's own incommensurability with itself. For Jacques Rancière, the novel must illuminate somehow the ‘punctuation of the encounter with the inconceivable’, in the face of which all is reduced to passivity. The pun, in particular, forces the readers’ passivity, and exposes us to limits of what can be known.
Model Transferability and Reduced Experimental Burden in Cell Culture Process Development Facilitated by Hybrid Modeling and Intensified Design of Experiments
Authors: Bayer Benjamin , Duerkop Mark , Striedner Gerald , Sissolak Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Reliable process development is accompanied by intense experimental effort. The utilization of an intensified design of experiments (iDoE) (intra-experimental critical process parameter (CPP) shifts combined) with hybrid modeling potentially reduces process development burden. The iDoE can provide more process response information in less overall process time, whereas hybrid modeling serves as a commodity to describe this behavior the best way. Therefore, a combination of both approaches appears beneficial for faster design screening and is especially of interest at larger scales where the costs per experiment rise significantly. Ideally, profound process knowledge is gathered at a small scale and only complemented with few validation experiments on a larger scale, saving valuable resources. In this work, the transferability of hybrid modeling for Chinese hamster ovary cell bioprocess development along process scales was investigated. A two-dimensional DoE was fully characterized in shake flask duplicates (300 ml), containing three different levels for the cultivation temperature and the glucose concentration in the feed. Based on these data, a hybrid model was developed, and its performance was assessed by estimating the viable cell concentration and product titer in 15 L bioprocesses with the same DoE settings. To challenge the modeling approach, 15 L bioprocesses also comprised iDoE runs with intra-experimental CPP shifts, impacting specific cell rates such as growth, consumption, and formation. Subsequently, the applicability of the iDoE cultivations to estimate static cultivations was also investigated. The shaker-scale hybrid model proved suitable for application to a 15 L scale (1:50), estimating the viable cell concentration and the product titer with an NRMSE of 10.92% and 17.79%, respectively. Additionally, the iDoE hybrid model performed comparably, displaying NRMSE values of 13.75% and 21.13%. The low errors when transferring the models from shaker to reactor and between the DoE and the iDoE approach highlight the suitability of hybrid modeling for mammalian cell culture bioprocess development and the potential of iDoE to accelerate process characterization and to improve process understanding.
Highly Adhesive Antibacterial Bioactive Composite Hydrogels With Controllable Flexibility and Swelling as Wound Dressing for Full-Thickness Skin Healing
Authors: Lan Guanhua , Zhu Suping , Chen Dong , Zhang Hua , Zou Lijin , Zeng Yuanlin
Published: December 2021

Polyzwitterionic hydrogels as skin wound dressings have been extensively studied owing to their superior antibacterial properties and skin adhesiveness, but their practical applications still suffer from a low adhesion strength and a high swelling ratio, which hinder the application of hydrogel for cutaneous healing. Here, we developed a novel biocompatible poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PolySBMA) composite hydrogel with high stretchability, low swelling, strong skin adhesiveness, and antibacterial effect for enhancing wound healing. Naturally rigid polymers including quaternized chitosan methacrylate (QCSMA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are used as bioactive cross-linkers to endow PolySBMA/QCSMA/GelMA (SQG) hydrogel with a low swelling ratio and high bioactivity. The optimized hydrogel has excellent mechanical flexibility, with the ultimate tensile strength, tensile strain, modulus, and toughness of up to 344.5 kPa, 364%, 14.7 kPa, and 33.4 kJ m−3, respectively. The adhesiveness of the hydrogel to the skin tissue is as high as 38.2 kPa, which is critical for stopping the bleeding from the wound. The synergistic contributions from the PolySBMA and QCSMA endow hydrogel with good antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, the natural polymer cross-linked polyzwitterionic hydrogel shows good cell activity, hemocompatibility, and histocompatibility. The in vivo full-thickness skin defect model demonstrates that the SQG hydrogel efficiently improves the granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition. In summary, such superiorly skin-adhesive antibacterial biocompatible hydrogel with controllable flexibility and swelling holds great promise as wound dressings for acute wounds.
Injectable and Temperature-Sensitive Titanium Carbide-Loaded Hydrogel System for Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Yao Jun , Zhu Chuanda , Peng Tianjiao , Ma Qiang , Gao Shegan
Published: December 2021

Recently, organic–inorganic hybrid materials have gained much attention as effective photothermal agents for cancer treatment. In this study, Pluronic F127 hydrogel-coated titanium carbide (Ti3C2) nanoparticles were utilized as an injectable photothermal agent. The advantages of these nanoparticles are their green synthesis and excellent photothermal efficiency. In this system, lasers were mainly used to irradiate Ti3C2 nanoparticles to produce a constant high temperature, which damaged cancer cells. The nanoparticles were found to be stable during storage at low temperatures for at least 2 weeks. The Ti3C2 nanoparticles exhibited a shuttle-shaped structure, and the hydrogels presented a loosely meshed structure. In addition, Ti3C2 nanoparticles did not affect the reversible temperature sensitivity of the gel, and the hydrogel did not affect the photothermal properties of Ti3C2 nanoparticles. The in vitro and in vivo results show that this hydrogel system can effectively inhibit tumor growth upon exposure to near-infrared irradiation with excellent biocompatibility and biosafety. The photothermal agent-embedded hydrogel is a promising photothermal therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment by enhancing the retention in vivo and elevating the local temperature in tumors.
Genipin Cross-Linked Decellularized Nucleus Pulposus Hydrogel-Like Cell Delivery System Induces Differentiation of ADSCs and Retards Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Yu Lei , Liu Yi , Wu Jianxin , Wang Shuang , Yu Jiangming , Wang Weiheng , Ye Xiaojian
Published: December 2021

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological basis of disc degenerative diseases (DDD). Reduction in the number of cells and degeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP) are characteristics of IDD. Bio-hydrogel combined with stem cell transplantation is a promising treatment. Injectable ECM hydrogels have good biological activity and in-situ gelatinization. However, its biomechanics and stability are insufficient to provide adequate mechanical support for intervertebral discs and to maintain the long-term differential stimulus for seeded stem cells. In our study, we developed genipin cross-linked decellularized nucleus pulposus hydrogel (GDH) as delivery system. We evaluated the mechanical properties, stability, biocompatibility, and differentiation induction of GDH cross-linked with different concentrations of genipin in vitro. The GDH-loaded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) (GDHA) were injected into the rat degenerated coccygeal intervertebral disc. The effect of intervertebral disc regeneration in vivo was evaluated. The results showed that GDH with 0.02% of genipin had similar elastic modulus to human nucleus pulposus, good biocompatibility, and inducibility of expressing NP-related genes. In vivo studies showed that GDHA improved the survival of ADSCs and improved the intervertebral height, MRI index, and histological grading score. In conclusion, GDH, as an outstanding bio-hydrogel cell delivery system, has the therapeutic potential for retarding IDD.