bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An explicit estimate of the atmospheric nutrient impact on global oceanic productivity
Authors: Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Gröger Matthias , Hieronymus Jenny , Döscher Ralf
Published: October 2020

Abstract. State-of-the-art global nutrient deposition fields are
coupled here to the Pelagic Interactions Scheme for
Carbon and Ecosystem Studies (PISCES) biogeochemistry model to investigate their effect
on ocean biogeochemistry in the context of atmospheric forcings for
pre-industrial, present, and future periods. PISCES, as part of the European Community Earth system model (EC-Earth)
model suite, runs in offline mode using prescribed dynamical fields as
simulated by the Nucleus for European
Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean model. Present-day atmospheric deposition fluxes
of inorganic N, Fe, and P into the global ocean account for ∼ 40 Tg N yr−1,
∼ 0.28 Tg Fe yr−1, and ∼ 0.10 Tg P yr−1. Pre-industrial atmospheric nutrient deposition fluxes
are lower compared to the present day (∼ 51 %, ∼ 36 %,
and ∼ 40 % for N, Fe, and P, respectively). However,
the overall impact on global productivity is low (∼ 3 %)
since a large part of marine productivity is driven by nutrients recycled in
the upper ocean layer or other local factors. Prominent changes are,
nevertheless, found for regional productivity. Reductions of up to 20 % occur
in oligotrophic regions such as the subtropical gyres in the Northern
Hemisphere under pre-industrial conditions. In the subpolar Pacific, reduced
pre-industrial Fe fluxes lead to a substantial decline of siliceous diatom
production and subsequent accumulation of Si, P, and N, in the subpolar
gyre. Transport of these nutrient-enriched waters leads to strongly elevated
production of calcareous nanophytoplankton further south and southeast,
where iron no longer limits productivity. The North Pacific is found to be the
most sensitive to variations in depositional fluxes, mainly because the
water exchange with nutrient-rich polar waters is hampered by land bridges.
By contrast, large amounts of unutilized nutrients are advected equatorward
in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, making these regions less sensitive
to external nutrient inputs. Despite the lower aerosol N : P ratios with
respect to the Redfield ratio during the pre-industrial period, the nitrogen
fixation decreased in the subtropical gyres mainly due to diminished iron
supply. Future changes in air pollutants under the Representative
Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission scenario
result in a modest decrease of the atmospheric nutrients inputs into the
global ocean compared to the present day (∼ 13 %,
∼ 14 %, and ∼ 20 % for N, Fe, and P,
respectively), without significantly affecting the projected primary
production in the model. Sensitivity simulations further show that the
impact of atmospheric organic nutrients on the global oceanic productivity
has turned out roughly as high as the present-day productivity increase since the
pre-industrial era when only the inorganic nutrients' supply is considered
in the model. On the other hand, variations in atmospheric phosphorus supply
have almost no effect on the calculated oceanic productivity.
Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: de la Fuente Rebeca , Drótos Gábor , Hernández García Emilio , López Cristóbal , van Sebille Erik
Published: October 2020

Abstract. We study the vertical dispersion and distribution of negatively buoyant rigid microplastics within a realistic circulation model of the Mediterranean sea. We first propose an equation describing their idealized dynamics. In that framework, we evaluate the importance of some relevant physical effects: inertia, Coriolis force, small-scale turbulence and variable seawater density, and bound the relative error of simplifying the dynamics to a constant sinking velocity added to a large-scale velocity field. We then calculate the amount and vertical distribution of microplastic particles on the water column of the open ocean if their release from the sea surface is continuous at rates compatible with observations in the Mediterranean. The vertical distribution is found to be almost uniform with depth for the majority of our parameter range. Transient distributions from flash releases reveal a non-Gaussian character of the dispersion and various diffusion laws, both normal and anomalous. The origin of these behaviors is explored in terms of horizontal and vertical flow organization.
Toward a method for downscaling sea ice pressure for navigation purposes
Authors: Lemieux Jean-François , Tremblay L. Bruno , Plante Mathieu
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Sea ice pressure poses great risk for navigation; it can lead to ship besetting and damages. Contemporary large-scale sea ice forecasting systems
can predict the evolution of sea ice pressure. There is, however, a mismatch between the spatial resolution of these systems (a few kilometres) and the
typical dimensions of ships (a few tens of metres) navigating in ice-covered regions. In this paper, the downscaling of sea ice pressure from the
kilometre-scale to scales relevant for ships is investigated by conducting high-resolution idealized numerical experiments with a viscous-plastic sea ice
model. Results show that sub-grid-scale pressure values can be significantly larger than the large-scale pressure (up to ∼ 4 times larger
in our numerical experiments). High pressure at the sub-grid scale is associated with the presence of defects (e.g. a lead). Numerical experiments
show significant stress concentration on both sides of a ship beset in sea ice, especially at the back. The magnitude of the stress concentration
increases with the length of the lead (or channel) behind the ship and decreases as sea ice consolidates by either thermodynamical growth or
mechanical closing. These results also highlight the difficulty of forecasting, for navigation applications, the small-scale distribution of
pressure, and especially the largest values as the important parameters (i.e. the length of the lead behind the ship and the thickness of the
refrozen ice) are not well constrained.
Mid-Holocene thinning of David Glacier, Antarctica: Chronology
and Controls
Authors: Stutz Jamey , Mackintosh Andrew , Norton Kevin , Whitmore Ross , Baroni Carlo , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Jones R. Selwyn , Balco Greg , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Casale Stefano , Lee Jae Il , Seong Yeong Bae , Rhee Hyun Hee , McKay Robert , Vargo Lauren J. , Lowry Daniel , Spector Perry , Cristl Marcus , Ivy Ochs Susan , Di Nicola Luigia , Iarossi Maria , Stuart Finlay , Woodruff Tom
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Quantitative satellite observations provide a comprehensive assessment of ice sheet mass loss over the last four decades, but limited insights into long-term drivers of ice sheet change. Geological records can extend the observational record and aid our understanding of ice sheet–climate interactions. Here we present the first millennial-scale reconstruction of David Glacier, the largest East Antarctic outlet glacier in Victoria Land. We use surface exposure dating of glacial erratics deposited on nunataks to reconstruct changes in ice surface elevation through time. We then use numerical modelling experiments to determine the drivers of glacial thinning. Thinning profiles derived from 45 10Be and 3He surface exposure ages show that David Glacier experienced rapid thinning up to 2 m/yr during the mid-Holocene (~ 6,500 years ago). Thinning stabilised at 6 kyr, suggesting initial formation of the Drygalski Ice Tongue at this time. Our work, along with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide records from adjacent glaciers, shows simultaneous glacier thinning in this sector of the Transantarctic Mountains occurred ~ 3 kyr after the retreat of marine-based grounded ice in the western Ross Embayment. The timing and rapidity of the reconstructed thinning at David Glacier is similar to reconstructions in the Amundsen and Weddell embayments. In order to identify the potential causes of these rapid changes along the David Glacier, we use a glacier flow line model designed for calving glaciers and compare modelled results against our geological data. We show that glacier thinning and marine-based grounding line retreat is initiated by interactions between enhanced sub-ice shelf melting and reduced lateral buttressing, leading to Marine Ice Sheet Instability. Such rapid glacier thinning events are not captured in continental or sector-scale numerical modelling reconstructions for this period. Together, our chronology and modelling suggest a ~ 2,000-year period of dynamic thinning in the recent geological past.
Stratospheric influence on North Atlantic marine cold air outbreaks following sudden stratospheric warming events
Authors: Afargan-Gerstman Hilla , Polkova Iuliia , Papritz Lukas , Ruggieri Paolo , King Martin P. , Athanasiadis Panos J. , Baehr Johanna , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the northeastern North Atlantic occur due to the advection of extremely cold air over an ice-free ocean. MCAOs are associated with a range of severe weather phenomena, such as polar lows, strong surface winds and intense cooling of the ocean surface. Given these extreme impacts, the identification of precursors of MCAOs is crucial for improved long-range prediction of associated impacts on Arctic infrastructure and human lives. MCAO frequency has been linked to the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex, but the study of connections to the occurrence of extreme stratospheric events, known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), has been limited to cold extremes over land.
Here, the influence of SSW events on MCAOs over the North Atlantic ocean is studied using reanalysis datasets. Overall, SSW events are found to be associated with more frequent MCAOs in the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea compared to climatology and less frequent MCAOs in the Labrador Sea. In particular, SSW events project onto an anomalous dipole pattern of geopotential height 500 hPa, which consists of a ridge anomaly over Greenland and a trough anomaly over Scandinavia. By affecting the variability of the large-scale circulation patterns in the North Atlantic, SSW events contribute to the strong northerly flow over the Barents and Norwegian seas and thereby increase the likelihood of MCAOs in these regions. In contrast, the positive geopotential height anomaly over Greenland reduces the probability of MCAOs in the Labrador Sea after SSW events. As SSW events tend to have a long-term influence on surface weather, these results are expected to benefit the predictability of MCAOs in the Nordic Seas for winters with SSW events.
Vertical cloud structure of warm conveyor belts – a comparison and evaluation of ERA5 reanalysis, CloudSat and CALIPSO data
Authors: Binder Hanin , Boettcher Maxi , Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important cyclone-related airstreams that are responsible for most of the cloud and precipitation formation in the extratropics. They can also substantially influence the dynamics of cyclones and the upper-level flow. So far, most of the knowledge about WCBs is based on model data from analyses, reanalyses and forecast data with only a few observational studies available. The aim of this work is to gain a detailed observational perspective on the vertical cloud and precipitation structure of WCBs during their inflow, ascent and outflow and to evaluate their representation in the new ERA5 reanalysis dataset. To this end, satellite observations from the CloudSat radar and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar are combined with an ERA5-based WCB climatology for nine Northern Hemisphere winters. Based on a case study and a composite analysis, the main findings can be summarized as follows. (i) WCB air masses are part of deep, strongly precipitating clouds, with cloud-top heights at 9–10 km during their ascent and an about 2–3 km deep layer with supercooled liquid water co-existing with ice above the melting layer. The maximum surface precipitation occurs when the WCB is at about 2–4 km height. (ii) Convective clouds can be observed above the inflow and during the ascent. (iii) At upper levels, the WCB outflow is typically located near the top of a 3 km deep cirrus layer. (iv) There is a large variability between WCBs in terms of cloud structure, peak reflectivity and associated surface precipitation. (v) The WCB trajectories with the highest radar reflectivities are mainly located over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and – apart from the inflow – they occur at relatively low latitudes. They are associated with particularly deep and strongly precipitating clouds that occur not only during the ascent but also in the inflow and outflow regions. (vi) ERA5 represents the WCB clouds remarkably well in terms of position, thermodynamic phase and frozen hydrometeor distribution, although it underestimates the high ice and snow values in the mixed-phase clouds near the melting layer. (vii) In the lower troposphere, high potential vorticity is diabatically produced along the WCB in areas with high reflectivities and hydrometeor contents, and at upper levels, low potential vorticity prevails in the cirrus layer in the WCB outflow. The study provides important observational insight into the internal cloud structure of WCBs and emphasizes the ability of ERA5 to essentially capture the observed pattern but also reveals many small- and mesoscale structures observed by the remote sensing instruments but not captured by ERA5.
RetroNews
Authors: Dekker Jennifer
Published: October 2020

Launched in 2016, RetroNews is a dynamic and growing collection of historical French newspapers, magazines, and journals digitized by the National Library of France (BNF) and affiliated partners. It contains digitized primary media sources for French and European history, politics,
and culture. The collection currently offers access to 700+ titles published between 1631 and 1950. Unlike some newspaper databases that do not include images, RetroNews includes all the original images accompanying articles.
DEVELOPING AN INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT PLAN FOR DENTAL PATIENTS WITH ACCOMPANYING SENSITIZATION TO BACTERIA, FOOD, POLLEN, AND MORE
Authors:   Department of Imaging and Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Sofia, Bulgaria., Cekova-Yaneva Mariana , Stoeva-Ivanova Iliyana ,   Department of Allergology, Physiotherapy and Clinical Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Nikolov Georgi S. ,   National Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Department of Immunology, National Reference Laboratory of Immunology, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2020

Contemporary dental medicine offers a wide range of materials and techniques for the rehabilitation of the dentomaxillofacial system, which in recent years has led to a dramatic increase in allergic reactions in sensitized patients after dental treatment. Once in the oral cavity, saliva and gastrointestinal tract, dental medication or dental material release products that, under certain conditions, can cause direct cell damage or induce an immunological/allergic reaction. The local and systemic reactivity in each individual is different and this explains why biocompatible materials that persist in the oral cavity elicit an immune/allergic response in some patients while none is evident in others. Dental medications, and especially materials that permanently remain in the oral cavity (composites, plastics, metal alloys, etc.), cause hypersensitivity reactions mainly of type IV (slow) and less often of type I (fast). It is very important to develop an individualized treatment plan for dental patients with accompanying sensitization to bacteria, food, pollen, and more. There is no doubt that the implementation of a holistic approach in the treatment of sensitised patients is a prerequisite for a much more successful treatment performed by the dentist. This imposes work in close collaboration with an interdisciplinary team using the possibilities of the modern achievements of immunology and allergology. Patients’ history data and the results from skin allergy tests are the basis of application of individualized treatment approach and personalized immunotherapy for each separate patient, as well as of treatment result control.
The Bookbinding of Hortense P. Cantlie for McGill Library: Surfacing a Legacy of Invisible Labor in the Stacks
Authors: Desmeules Robin Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Bookbinding and restoration serves as palimpsest of the human labor required to maintain and curate the library's stacks. The material history of library collections is therefore about more than the book itself; it is a means of revealing the largely invisible histories of the library workers who interact with them. This article examines the binding and restoration work of Hortense P. Cantlie as a case study through which to expose and document the largely invisible networks of human labor in libraries. Beyond bringing to the surface a previously “hidden collection” for study, this reconstruction of Cantlie's work simultaneously reveals the invisible labor of library workers, her impact on the material history of the books she bound, and McGill Library's collections overall. Furthermore, the work presented in this article reveals the invisible labor involved in the process of reconstructing that history.
Efficacy of a preventive instructional module on mothers’ knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome
Authors: Hashem Sahar Farouk , Mohammed Boshra Attia , Ahmed Gehan El Nabawy , Fadel Eman A.
Published: October 2020

Objective: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a shocking phenomenon that is recognized as one of the most severe forms of child abuse with very high rates of morbidity and mortality among infant less than one year of age. Although of its high mortality and morbidity, it is a highly preventable health problem. So, there is an essential need for a strategy to prevent it through education by nurses and physicians to new mothers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a preventive instructional module on mothers’ knowledge regarding SBS.Methods: A quasi-experimental design was carried out on eighty mothers who had delivered full-term infants and hospitalized on labour and delivery unit affiliated to Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura City, Egypt. Data were collected through using of a structured interview questionnaire sheet (pre and post-test format) for assessing mothers’ knowledge about SBS and infant’s crying.Results: The total mean knowledge scores improved post implementation of a preventive instructional module regarding SBS compared to pre-implementation (0.86 ± 0.19 versus 0.35 ± 0.39 respectively).Conclusions: The study hypothesis was accepted. There were highly significant improvement in the studied women’s knowledge regarding SBS and infant crying. Indicating that the developed preventive instructional module was an effective tool for the enrichment of mothers’ knowledge regarding SBS and infant’s crying.Recommendation: Implementation of antenatal classes for improving mothers’ knowledge regarding SBS and infant crying.
Co-inoculation of rhizobia, azospirilla and cyanobacteria for increasing common bean production
Authors: Horácio Eduardo Hélder , Zucareli Claudemir , Gavilanes Freddy Zambrano , Yunes João Sarkis , Sanzovo Alisson Wilson dos Santos , Andrade Diva Souza
Published: October 2020

The combined inoculation of Rhizobium (R. tropici+R. freirei), Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, is a technology that has not yet been tested and established in the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The inoculation may be a promising strategy for increasing crop productivity by combining the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation with the production of plant growth phytohormones. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica as an alternative method for optimizing the symbiotic performance and development of the common bean at greenhouse conditions. The treatments were as follows: (T1) control without N and inoculation, (T2) N addition (100 kg N ha-1), (T3) Riz (addition of R. tropici+R. freirei), (T4) Azo (Azospirillum brasilense addition), (T5) Ana (Anabaena cylindrical addition), (T6) Riz+Azo, (T7) Riz+Ana, (T8) Azo+Ana, (T9) Riz+Azo+Ana. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant. We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria, with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition. However, field experiments are necessary to elucidate the performances of the inoculated beneficial microorganisms.
Arterial Steal to the Penumbra Area in Patients with Acute MCA Occlusion: A Quantitative Angiographic Analysis
Authors: van den Berg René , Wildeman Jenna J. , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Immink Rogier V. , Marquering Henk A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Verbaan Dagmar , van Bavel Ed T.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: In acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, collateral vessels provide retrograde supply to the occluded territory. We hypothesized that such collateral flow reduces perfusion of the non-occluded donor region (steal effect).Materials and Methods: Patients with an MCA occlusion with opacification of both ipsi- and contralateral anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) on angiography prior to endovascular treatment were selected. Arteriovenous transit time (AVTT) for both ACA territories was compared for different grades of collateral supply to the MCA territory. In addition, the influence of diabetes and hypertension was analyzed. After successful revascularization, AVTT was re-assessed to determine reversibility.Results: Forty-one patients were analyzed. An AVTT of 8.6 seconds (standard deviation [SD] 2.4 seconds) was seen in the ACA territory of the affected hemisphere in comparison to 6.6 seconds (SD 2.1 seconds) for the contralateral side (P<0.001). A more prolonged (but not significant) AVTT was seen in cases with a higher collateral grade. No difference in AVTT was seen in patients with diabetes or hypertension. After successful MCA revascularization, AVTT delay was 7.4 seconds (SD 2.1 seconds).Conclusion: A cerebral steal effect occurs in patients with an acute MCA occlusion, probably related to augmented flow to the penumbra area.
High-density single nucleotide polymorphism chip-based conservation genetic analysis of indigenous pig breeds from Shandong Province, China
Authors: Wang Yanping , Zhao Xueyan , Wang Cheng , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Qin , Wu Ying , Wang Jiying
Published: October 2020

Objective: Shandong indigenous pig breeds are important Chinese pig resources. Their progressive population decline in recent decades has attracted attention towards their conservation. Conservation genetics of these indigenous breeds are essential for developing a conservation and utilization scheme. Methods: A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (HD-SNP) chip-based comparative analysis of genetic characteristics was performed for seven Shandong indigenous pig breeds in the context of five Western commercial breeds. Results: The results showed that Shandong indigenous pig breeds varied greatly in genetic diversity, effective population size, inbreeding level, and genetic distance with the Western commercial breeds. Specifically, Laiwu and Dapulian displayed low genetic diversity, and had a genetically distant relationship with the Western commercial breeds (average F statistics [FST] value of 0.3226 and 0.2666, respectively). Contrastingly, the other five breeds (Yantai, Licha, Yimeng, Wulain, and Heigai) displayed high genetic diversity within breed and had some extent of mixture pattern with the Western commercial breeds, especially Duroc and Landrace (FST values from 0.1043 to 0.2536). Furthermore, intensive gene flow was discovered among the seven Shandong indigenous breeds, particularly Wulian, Licha, and Heigai, as indicated by the large cluster formed in the principal component analysis scatterplot and small population differentiation (average of 0.1253) among them. Conclusion: Our study advances the understanding of genetic characteristics of Shandong indigenous breeds and provides essential information for developing an appropriate conservation and utilization scheme for these breeds.
Evaluation of miR-155 Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Yasseri Somayeh , Hassanzad Maryam , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Boloursaz Mohammadreza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: October 2020

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most fatal genetic disorder among white populations. It is a multi-system disease with various symptoms, which causes many different complications. miRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 19-22 nt that regulate mRNAs post-transcriptionally. Different types of miRNAs, including miR-155, are expressed in CF lung epithelial cells. The elevated expression level of miR-155 contributes to the pro-inflammatory expression of IL-8 in CF lung epithelial cells. Therefore, miR-155 may play an important role in the activation of IL-8 in CF. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-155 expression level and the clinical manifestations of CF patients. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study included 30 CF patients (according to sweat test and < F508 in the genetic study) with age ranging from 5 to 27 years (M = 17, F = 13) and 30 healthy individuals with age ranging from 8 to 28 (M = 17, F = 13). Using RNA purification Kit, microRNAs, we extracted microRNAs from serum samples, and cDNA was synthesized via the cDNA synthesis kit. Then, the levels of miR-155 were measured by real-time PCR, and the expression levels were compared in different groups of CF patients according to the Shwachman-Kulczycki scoring system. Results: The expression level of miR-155 was elevated in CF patients compared to healthy controls (Fold change: 1.41, P value = 0.056). Interestingly, the elevated level of miR-155 in severe and moderate patients (according to Shwachman-Kulczycki score) showed a significant difference compared to the other patients, where age and sex were not an influential factor. Conclusions: Serum expression levels of miR-155 are different in CF patients, along with the severity of the disease. By suppressing the expression of miR-155, more investigations might lead to the development of new treatment strategies for CF.
An Investigation of the Factor Structure of the Persian Version of the Dysphagia Handicap Index
Authors: Barzegar Bafrooei Ebrahim , Khatoonabadi Seyyed Ahmadreza , Maroufizadeh Saman , Bakhtiyari Jalal , rajaee Ali
Published: October 2020

Background: Oropharyngeal dysphagia harms all aspects of a person’s life, including behaviors, activities, and social situations. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept. The dysphagia handicap index (DHI) is a patient-reported outcomes tool that evaluates the different dimensions of quality of life in three physical, emotional, and functional factors in English-speaking countries. The validity of the Persian version of the dysphagia handicap index (DHI) has been evaluated in a study, but the reliability and factor analysis of the Persian version has not been investigated in any study. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factor structure analysis and reliability of the Persian version of the dysphagia handicap index (P-DHI). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (mean age 55.69 ± 15.04, 53 women) completed the dysphagia handicap index (DHI). The severity of dysphagia was defined as follows: 1 for no dysphagia (normal), 2 and 3 for mild, 4, and 5 for moderate and 6 and 7for severe. Construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were performed to evaluate the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the P-DHI, respectively. Results: The results of CFA provided support for a second-order three-factor model of P-DHI (χ2 = 484.61, df = 273, (P = 0.0001), χ2/df = 1.77; CFI = 0.901; RMSEA = 0.088 and SRMR = 0.010). The Cronbach’s alpha for physical, functional, and emotional subscales and total score were 0.751, 0.836, 0.773, and 0.900, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the P-DHI for the total score and subscales was high (ICC: 0.952 - 0.988). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the P-DHI total score and self-reported severity of dysphagia (P = 0.0001), while there were no relationships between P-DHI total score and age (P = 0.223), sex (P = 0.936), level of education (P = 0.113), disease duration (P = 0.126). Conclusions: The P-DHI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the disabling effects of swallowing disorders on the one’s Quality of Life in Iranian patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia due to a variety of diseases. Also, the CFA findings provide support for the tree-factor structure of the P-DHI and the use of the subscales as distinct variables.
Neue Entwicklungen in der forensischen Musikpsychologie
Authors: Frieler Klaus , Müllensiefen Daniel
Published: October 2020

Ausgehend von jüngsten Urheberrechtsurteilen, die die Musikwelt verunsichert haben, skizzieren wir in diesem Artikel, wie musikinformatische Methoden auf Basis musikpsychologischer Erkenntnisse eingesetzt werden könnten, um für mehr Rechtssicherheit der Musikschaffenden zu sorgen.
Trends of Adherence to Dietary Patterns in Colombian Population, 2010-2015
Authors: Herrán Oscar F. , Gamboa-Delgado Edna M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives: In this study we sought to determine: (1) adherence to each one of the dietary patterns (DPs) identified in Colombia by the National Nutrition Surveys (ENSIN) in 2010 and 2015; (2) trends in adherence to these patterns between 2010 and 2015; and (3) differences in
adherence between the 2 surveys according to some of the biological and socioeconomic variables. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with secondary analysis of data from the ENSIN-2010 and ENSIN-2015 surveys that enrolled 37,667 persons. Diet was assessed by a Food Frequency
Questionnaire. Based on a factor analysis, 3 dietary patterns were identified: traditional/starch pattern (TSP), fruit-vegetable/dairy pattern (FVDP), and snack pattern (SP). We used multiple linear regression to estimate adjusted differences in adherence to patterns between ENSIN-2010 and
ENSIN-2015. Results: For both years, adults had the lowest adherence to the 3 DPs. Between 2010 and 2015, the TSP pattern decreased for children, the FVDP remained the same for all age groups, and SP decreased for all age groups. Conclusion: These findings can aid in designing,
monitoring, and evaluating food education intervention strategies with a differential approach and an emphasis on the traditional Colombian dietary pattern, according to the life cycle stage.
Synthesis and comparison of gold nanoparticles coated with silicon, manganese and titanium dioxides
Authors: Charkova Tatjana , Zdaniauskienė Agnė
Published: October 2020

The synthesized gold nanoparticles (50–60 nm) were coated with thin (1.5–8 nm) layers of silicon, manganese and titanium dioxides. The obtained three species of nanospheres were applied for the analysis of self-assembled monolayer of thiophenol by shell-isolated nanoparticleenhanced Raman spectroscopy method. Detailed synthesis and comparison of the particle properties are provided in this report.
Feasibility of groundwater desalination in the northeast of Brazil
Authors: Barros Rafael Carneiro de Souza , Meira Yasmim Cristina Leiros
Published: October 2020

Seasonal droughts occur in Northeast of Brazil by centuries, due to water shortage caused by the 2012-2018 severe drought, state governments have declared a state of emergency for most of the municipalities. As most of the municipalities depend on surface waters for the urban water supply system and the majority of water reservoirs in the Northeast being in a critical situation, the desalination of groundwater would be a feasible solution. This paper aims to identify municipalities in the state of emergency in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB) and Pernambuco (PE) feasible for an implementation of a distillation desalination plant powered by a renewable energy source. In this context, the method used to discover the best locations was to apply six criteria (Being in a state of emergency due to water shortage; Need in investment in the water supply system; Surface waters as the main source of water supply; Population number between 4,000 and 25,000 people; High level of total solids dissolved in groundwaters; Great potential for solar and wind energy production), crossed them in GIS software and classified into “Most Feasible” and “Feasible”. The result obtained identified RN with the bigger number of “Most Feasible” municipalities and PE with the bigger number of “Feasible” municipalities for groundwater desalination.
Key Words: Semi-arid; Water Supply System; Renewable Energy.
Poluição atmosférica e doenças respiratórias: um estudo de caso em Paranaguá, Paraná.
Authors: Santana Gabriela Pereira , Moreira Virnei Silva , Armani Fernando Augusto Silveira
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação da qualidade do ar da cidade que abriga o maior porto graneleiro do Brasil, Paranaguá - PR, e a sua relação com registros de doenças respiratórias nas unidades de saúde da cidade. O intenso tráfego de veículos que transportam cargas, faz dessa fonte uma das principais emissoras de poluentes atmosféricos em Paranaguá. As concentrações de  dióxido de enxofre, dióxido de nitrogênio, monóxido de carbono, ozônio, materiais particulados totais e materiais particulados com até 10 micrômetros de diâmetro aerodinâmico (PM10) foram monitoradas de maio de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017 em uma estação de qualidade do ar distante em 200 metros de uma das principais vias de acesso ao porto. Desses poluentes, a concentração de PM10 ultrapassou o seu padrão de qualidade do ar em vigência no Brasil em 12% dos dias monitorados. A sua concentração variou com o tráfego de veículos na cidade, com maiores concentrações de dia e nos dias úteis. Esses materiais podem ser oriundos tanto da queima dos combustíveis quanto da dispersão da poeira das cargas transportadas pelos veículos. Uma vez que as vias de acesso ao porto de Paranaguá passam por regiões residenciais da cidade, as concentrações de PM10 medidas na estação de qualidade do ar também podem estar ocorrendo nessas regiões. A exposição contínua da população de Paranaguá a esses poluentes pode estar aumentando o número de casos de doenças respiratórias na cidade. A relação entre o número de casos de doenças respiratórias e a quantidade de habitantes é maior em Paranaguá do que em cidades mais urbanizadas, mais populosas e tipicamente mais frias.
Estudo do comportamento resiliente de cinco solos finos da ilha de São Luís para fins de pavimentação
Authors: Serra Gleyciane Almeida , Guimarães Antonio Carlos Rodrigues , Marques Maria Esther Soares , Castro Carmen Dias
Published: October 2020

O avanço da mecânica dos pavimentos tornou possível analisar a deformabilidade de solos à aplicação de cargas cíclicas, e assim representar melhor a condição de campo. Pensando nisso este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o comportamento resiliente de solos finos provenientes da região de São Luís, no estado do Maranhão, como alternativa para emprego em camadas de pavimento. Foram estudados sete solos, classificados segundo a Metodologia MCT como: um solo laterítico argiloso, três solos lateríticos arenosos e três solos não lateríticos siltosos. Após a caracterização geotécnica, foram moldados corpos de prova a energia proctor modificado para determinação do módulo de resiliência pelo ensaio de triaxial de cargas repetidas. Em seguida com o auxílio do programa STATISTICA 2.0 foram realizados tratamentos estatísticos para definir o melhor modelo de previsão de comportamento resiliente. Os resultados mostraram que os modelos que melhor se encaixaram foram o modelo estatístico proposto pela NCHRP (2014) e o modelo composto proposto por PEZO et al. (1992). Todas as amostras estudadas apresentaram valores de Módulo de Resiliência adequados para o emprego em camadas de pavimento. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa foi fundamental para contribuir o banco de dados de solos brasileiros com o comportamento mecânico de solos da região, assim, melhor a acurácia de projetos de pavimentação.
Geração quantitativa e qualitativa da emissão de biogás no aterro sanitário de Maceió
Authors: Silva Claudionor de Oliveira , Konrad Odorico , Callado Nélia Henriques , Marder Munique , Araújo Liz Geise Santos de
Published: October 2020

Os aterros sanitários ainda são a opção mais utilizada para a destinação final de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Uma estrutura bem planejada e controlada com sistemas de drenagem, tratamento de lixiviados e sistemas para coleta e queima do biogás, são essenciais para evitar a emissão de metano na atmosfera. Neste sentido, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a vazão e a qualidade do biogás do aterro sanitário de Maceió/AL. A leitura da vazão do biogás no aterro sanitário foi realizada em 15 drenos verticais (poços) e a qualificação do biogás foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa. O estudo mostrou que a vazão do biogás é diferente nos drenos e que o biogás possui composição satisfatória (56,86% de metano) para aproveitamento energético. A diferença na vazão dos drenos pode estar associada as fissuras do aterro sanitário, o que mostra que a implantação e adaptação dos drenos verticais e o sistema de cobertura do aterro sanitário, são elementos importantes e que devem ser considerados na quantificação e qualificação da vazão de gás no aterro sanitário. Deste modo, o presente estudo contribui na estimativa da qualidade e a quantidade de CH4, através de drenos verticais em aterro sanitário.
Replication Study: Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Radomska Hanna S , Phelps Mitch A ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, Iorns Elizabeth , Tsui Rachel , Denis Alexandria , Perfito Nicole , Errington Timothy M
Published: October 2020

As part of the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology, we published a Registered Report (Phelps et al., 2016) that described how we intended to replicate selected experiments from the paper ‘Coding-independent regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by competing endogenous mRNAs’ (Tay et al., 2011). Here, we report the results. We found depletion of putative PTEN competing endogenous mRNAs (ceRNAs) in DU145 cells did not impact PTEN 3’UTR regulation using a reporter, while the original study reported decreased activity when SERINC1, VAPA, and CNOT6L were depleted (Figure 3C; Tay et al., 2011). Using the same reporter, we found decreased activity when ceRNA 3’UTRs were overexpressed, while the original study reported increased activity (Figure 3D; Tay et al., 2011). In HCT116 cells, ceRNA depletion resulted in decreased PTEN protein levels, a result similar to the findings reported in the original study (Figure 3G,H; Tay et al., 2011); however, while the original study reported an attenuated ceRNA effect in microRNA deficient (DicerEx5) HCT116 cells, we observed increased PTEN protein levels. Further, we found depletion of the ceRNAs VAPA or CNOT6L did not statistically impact DU145, wild-type HCT116, or DicerEx5 HCT116 cell proliferation. The original study reported increased DU145 and wild-type HCT116 cell proliferation when these ceRNAs were depleted, which was attenuated in the DicerEx5 HCT116 cells (Figure 5B; Tay et al., 2011). Differences between the original study and this replication attempt, such as variance between biological repeats, are factors that might have influenced the results. Finally, we report meta-analyses for each result.
Feeding state functionally reconfigures a sensory circuit to drive thermosensory behavioral plasticity
Authors: Takeishi Asuka , Yeon Jihye , Harris Nathan , Yang Wenxing , Sengupta Piali
Published: October 2020

Internal state alters sensory behaviors to optimize survival strategies. The neuronal mechanisms underlying hunger-dependent behavioral plasticity are not fully characterized. Here we show that feeding state altersC. elegansthermotaxis behavior by engaging a modulatory circuit whose activity gates the output of the core thermotaxis network. Feeding state does not alter the activity of the core thermotaxis circuit comprised of AFD thermosensory and AIY interneurons. Instead, prolonged food deprivation potentiates temperature responses in the AWC sensory neurons, which inhibit the postsynaptic AIA interneurons to override and disrupt AFD-driven thermotaxis behavior. Acute inhibition and activation of AWC and AIA, respectively, restores negative thermotaxis in starved animals. We find that state-dependent modulation of AWC-AIA temperature responses requires INS-1 insulin-like peptide signaling from the gut and DAF-16/FOXO function in AWC. Our results describe a mechanism by which functional reconfiguration of a sensory network via gut-brain signaling drives state-dependent behavioral flexibility.
APOE2 is associated with longevity independent of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shinohara Mitsuru , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Tachibana Masaya , Kurti Aishe , Shinohara Motoko , Fu Yuan , Zhao Jing , Han Xianlin , Sullivan Patrick M , Rebeck G William , Fryer John D , Heckman Michael G , Bu Guojun
Published: October 2020

Although the ε2 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE2) benefits longevity, its mechanism is not understood. The protective effects of theAPOE2 on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, particularly through their effects on amyloid or tau accumulation, may confoundAPOE2effects on longevity. Herein, we showed that the association betweenAPOE2and longer lifespan persisted irrespective of AD status, including its neuropathology, by analyzing clinical datasets as well as animal models. Notably,APOE2was associated with preserved activity during aging, which also associated with lifespan. In animal models, distinct apoE isoform levels, whereAPOE2has the highest, were correlated with activity levels, while some forms of cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with apoE and activity levels. These results indicate thatAPOE2can contribute to longevity independent of AD. Preserved activity would be an early-observable feature ofAPOE2-mediated longevity, where higher levels of apoE2 and its-associated lipid metabolism might be involved.
Fungistatic Activity of Floral Volatile Compounds of Alstonia scholaris
Authors: Mugdha Ambatkar , Kevin D’Cruz
Published: October 2020

Aims: The fragrant flowers of Alstonia scholaris are rich in volatile compounds or essential oils, which comprise terpenes such as 1,8-cineole and linalool. The effects of the oils on the growth of Aspergillus niger were assessed for the first time in the present study.

Study Design: Fungal growth assay.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai, between September 2006 and December 2006.

Methodology: The volatile compounds of A. scholaris were extracted through steam distillation and hydrodistillation by using a Clevenger apparatus. The effect of the steam distillate (10% v/v) on the number of spores of A. niger was observed over 5 days. Furthermore, three fractions with distinct fragrances and boiling points were collected through hydrodistillation. The effects of each fraction on mycelial growth and sporulation in A. niger were examined. Accordingly, each hydrodistilled fraction was incorporated in growth medium (10% v/v) inoculated with fungal spores. The growth of the fungus was observed over 5 days. Distilled water was used as the control. All experiments were conducted in triplicate.

Results: The fungal samples treated with steam distillates showed a significantly lower number of spores than the control after 5 days (165 ± 36 vs. 35 ± 7 spores/mL) at P ≤ .05. Furthermore, the fungal samples treated with the hydrodistilled fractions exhibited a delayed mycelial growth and sporulation compared with the control over 5 days. Fraction 1 was most effective in delaying mycelial growth (Day 4 vs. Day 1). Notably, on Day 4 none of the treated samples but the control sample exhibited sporulation.

Conclusion: The volatile compounds of A. scholaris flowers clearly suppressed and delayed both mycelial growth and sporulation in A. niger but did not inhibit growth entirely. Hence, the floral volatile compounds exhibit fungistatic activity against A. niger.
Palliative Surgical Treatment for Liver Metastases Arising From Breast Cancer
Authors: Enomoto Katsuhisa
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Patients with liver metastases arising from breast cancer presenting with jaundice have poor prognoses; most patients are not treated aggressively. However, we report an improvement in the quality of life (QOL) of the patient by inserting a biliary stent as palliative surgical treatment.

Case presentation

The patient was a 63-year-old woman. She had left breast cancer and had undergone total mastectomy and axillar lymph node dissection approximately 20 years ago. Thereafter, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy were continued for approximately 5 years. Sixteen years after surgery, the patient presented with hepatic failure; furthermore, total bilirubin (T-Bil) levels had increased to 5.5 mg/dL. Imaging revealed multiple liver metastases and dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct. A biliary stent was placed, and treatment for obstructive jaundice was administered. After 3 months, the patient was able to maintain QOL without any increase in T-Bil levels.

Conclusion

Palliative surgical treatment via biliary stenting for the onset of obstructive jaundice caused by liver metastases arising from breast cancer can be useful for maintaining patient QOL.
Santos Cidade Criativa do Cinema: a experiência de (trans)formação urbana e cidadã do Cinescola Querô
Authors: Paula Isabel De Freitas , Makiuchi Maria de Fátima Rodrigues
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a influência da cultura no desenvolvimento urbano sustentável de uma cidade brasileira da Rede de Cidades Criativas da UNESCO (RCCU) – UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN). Por meio de um estudo sobre o Cinescola Querô, principal iniciativa do Plano de Ação 2016-2019 de Santos (SP), Cidade Criativa do Cinema, analisamos como o projeto de formação de jovens de baixa renda em audiovisual para ingresso no mercado de trabalho, realizado em área de alta vulnerabilidade social e degradação urbana, tornou-se política pública integrada a um modelo de gestão municipal ancorado na economia criativa. O estudo sugere a ampliação do conceito de cidade criativa no Brasil para além da economia criativa, associando-o a um processo mais humano, inclusivo e libertador, que valoriza a cultura local, a cidadania e o direito à cidade.
Fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate in relation with the resumption of metabolic activity in slices of Jerusalem artichoke tubers
Authors: Van Schaftingen Emile , Hers Henri-Géry
Published: July 2002

When slices of Jerusalem artichoke tubers were incubated at 25°C, their concentration in fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate increased up to 250‐fold within 2 h. Fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate was also formed, although at a slower rate, in slices incubated at 0°C. Its formation could not be explained by an increase in the concentration of fructose 6‐phosphate or of ATP either by an activation of phosphofructo‐2‐kinase. Pyrophosphate—fructose‐6‐phosphate 1‐phosphotransferase was the only enzyme present in a tuber extract which was found to be sensitive to fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate. An improved procedure for the assay of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate is also reported.