bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow
Authors: Cai Mengke , Zhao Guang , Zhao Bo , Cong Nan , Zheng Zhoutao , Zhu Juntao , Duan Xiaoqing , Zhang Yangjian
Published: March 2023

Climate warming is predicted to considerably affect variations in soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in alpine ecosystems. Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important contributor to stable soil organic carbon pools. However, accumulation and persistence of soil MNC across a gradient of warming are still poorly understood. An 8‐year field experiment with four levels of warming was conducted in a Tibetan meadow. We found that low‐level (+0–1.5°C) warming mostly enhanced bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total MNC compared with control treatment across soil layers, while no significant effect was caused between high‐level (+1.5–2.5°C) treatments and control treatments. The contributions of both MNC and BNC to soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by warming treatments across depths. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the effect of plant root traits on MNC persistence strengthened with warming intensity, while the influence of microbial community characteristics waned along strengthened warming. Overall, our study provides novel evidence that the major determinants of MNC production and stabilization may vary with warming magnitude in alpine meadows. This finding is critical for updating our knowledge on soil carbon storage in response to climate warming.
Clinical evaluation of paraprobiotic‐associatedBifidobacterium lactisCCT 7858 anti‐dandruff shampoo efficacy: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: de Jesus Gabriel Fernandes Alves , Rossetto Marina Piola , Voytena Ana , Feder Bianca , Borges Heloisa , da Costa Borges Gabriel , Feuser Zoé Paulina , Dal‐Bó Silvia , Michels Monique
Published: March 2023

Objective

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris and dandruff. Studies have shown that paraprobiotics may be promising for the treatment of skin disorders through microbiota modulation and immunomodulation. So, the objective is to develop an anti‐dandruff formulation using a paraprobiotic (Neoimuno) as active ingredient.

Methods

Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was performed in patients who had any degree of dandruff. A total of 33 volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: placebo or treated. (1% Neoimuno). The ingredient used was Neoimuno (Bifidobacterium lactis strain CCT 7858). Combability analysis and perception questionnaire were applied before and after treatment. Statistical analyses were performed.

Results

No adverse effects were reported by patients throughout the study. Through the combability analysis, a significant decrease in the number of particles was verified after 28 days of shampoo use. Regarding perception, there was a significant difference for the cleaning variables and improvement of the general appearance 28 days after the intervention. There were no significant differences for the itching and scaling parameters, as well as the perception parameters at 14 days.

Discussion

Topical application of the paraprobiotic shampoo containing 1% Neoimuno was able to significantly improve the feeling of cleanliness and general aspects of dandruff, in addition to reducing scalp flakiness. Thus, with the results obtained through the clinical trial, Neoimuno presents itself as a natural, safe and effective ingredient in the treatment of dandruff. The efficacy of Neoimuno in dandruff was visible within 4 weeks.
The root canal microbiome diversity and function. A whole‐metagenome shotgun analysis
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Costalonga Massimo , Dietz Matthew , Lima Bruno P. , Staley Christopher
Published: March 2023

Aim

To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition and bacterial functional capability in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis utilizing whole‐metagenome shotgun sequencing.

Methodology

Twenty‐two samples from patients with primary root canal infections, and 18 samples obtained from previously treated teeth currently diagnosed with apical periodontitis were analysed with whole‐metagenome shotgun sequencing at a depth of 20 M reads. Taxonomic and functional gene annotations were made using MetaPhlAn3 and HUMAnN3 software. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were utilized to measure alpha diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated utilizing analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) using Bray‐Curtis dissimilarities. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare differences in taxa and functional genes.

Results

Microbial community variations within a community were significantly lower in secondary relative to primary infections (alpha diversity p = .001). Community composition was significantly different in primary versus secondary infection (R = .11, p = .005). The predominant taxa observed among samples (>2.5%) were Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum, Prevotella oris, Eubacterium infirmum, Tannerella forsythia, Atopobium rimae, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Bacteroidetes bacterium oral taxon 272, Parvimonas micra, Olsenella profusa, Streptococcus anginosus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eubacterium brachy and Solobacterium moorei. The Wilcoxon rank test revealed no significant differences in relative abundances of functional genes in both groups. Genes with greater relative abundances (top 25) were associated with genetic, signalling and cellular processes including the iron and peptide/nickel transport system. Numerous genes encoding toxins were identified: exfoliative toxin, haemolysins, thiol‐activated cytolysin, phospholipase C, cAMP factor, sialidase, and hyaluronic glucosaminidase.

Conclusions

Despite taxonomic differences between primary and secondary apical periodontitis, the functional capability of the microbiomes was similar.
Molecular characterization and prognosis of mutant TP53 acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts
Authors: Shen Kai , Hu De‐Yuan , Zhang Zhi‐Bo , Guo Yu‐Sha , Zhang Feng‐Hong , Chen Su‐Ning
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Myeloid tumors typically harbor TP53 mutations, which are linked to a dismal prognosis. There are fewer studies on whether TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts (MDS‐EB) differ in molecular characteristics and should be considered as separate entities.

Methods

Between January 2016 and December 2021, a retrospective analysis was done on a total of 73 newly diagnosed AML patients and 61 MDS‐EB patients from the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University. We described a survival profile and a thorough characterization of newly found TP53‐mutant AML and MDS‐EB and investigated the relationship between these characteristics and overall survival (OS).

Results

38 (31.1%) were mono‐allelic, and 84 (68.9%) were bi‐allelic. There is no significant difference between TP53‐mutated AML and MDS‐EB (median OS 12.9 verse 14.4 months; p = .558). Better overall survival was linked to mono‐allelic TP53 than bi‐allelic TP53(HR = 3.030, CI:1.714–5.354, p < .001). However, the number of TP53 mutations and comutations were not significantly associated with OS. TP53 variant allele frequency cutoff of 50% is significant correlation with OS (HR: 2.177, 95% CI: 1.142–4.148; p = .0063).

Conclusion

Our data revealed that allele status and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant independently affect the prognostic of AML and MDS‐EB patients, with a concordance of molecular features and survival between these two disease entities. Our analysis favors considering TP53‐mutated AML/MDS‐EB as a distinct disorder.
RETRACTED: A meta‐analysis of the effect of different body mass index on surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery
Authors: Liu Jiang , Li Gang , Chen Zhiliang , Jiang Huafeng
Published: March 2023

We conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of different body mass index on surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery. A systematic literature search up to November 2022 was performed and 2349 related studies were evaluated. The chosen studies comprised 15 595 colorectal surgery subjects participated in the selected studies' baseline trials; 4390 of them were obese according to the selected body mass index cut‐off used to measure obesity in the selected studies, while 11 205 were nonobese. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of different body mass index on wound infection after colorectal surgery by the dichotomous methods with a random or fixed effect model. The body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 resulted in significantly higher surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.46–2.11, P < .001) compared with the body mass index <30 kg/m2. The body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 resulted in significantly higher surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.40–1.92, P < .001) compared with the body mass index <25 kg/m2. The subjects with higher body mass index had a significantly higher surgical wound infection after colorectal surgery compared with the subjects with normal body mass index.
RETRACTED: Effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on pain intensity of children with burns: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farzan Ramyar , Parvizi Arman , Haddadi Soudabeh , Sadeh Tabarian Mansooreh , Jamshidbeigi Amirreza , Samidoust Pirouz , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Takasi Poorya , Karkhah Samad , Firooz Mahbobeh , Hosseini Seyed Javad
Published: March 2023

Pain is one of the complications associated with burns, which can lead to anxiety and sleeplessness in children. Various studies evaluated the effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on burn wound care. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of non‐pharmacological interventions on pain intensity of children with burns. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in various international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as ‘Non‐pharmacological’, ‘Virtual reality’, ‘Pain’, ‘Burn’, ‘Wound’ and ‘Child’ from the earliest to December 1, 2022. The risk of bias in the final articles was also assessed with the Version 2 of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). Finally, a total of 1005 burn patients were included in 19 studies. The age range of the patients was from 0.5 to 19 years. Of the participants, 50.05% were in the intervention group. All studies had a randomised clinical trial design. The results found that non‐pharmacological interventions significantly reduced pain intensity in children (ES: −0.73, 95% CI: −1.08 to −0.38, Z = 4.09, I2:79.8, P < .001). Virtual reality (VR) (ES: −0.54, 95% CI: −1.19 to −0.18, Z = 2.90, I2:72.9%, P = .004) and non‐VR (ES: ‐0.86, 95% CI: −1.45 to −0.27, Z = 2.86, I2:91.4%, P = .04) interventions decreased pain intensity significantly in children based sub‐group analysis. Non‐pharmacological interventions significantly reduced the pain intensity of dressing removal (ES: −0.77, 95% CI: −1.34 to −0.20, Z = 66.3, I2:91.8%, P = .008), dressing application (ES: −0.53, 95% CI: −0.97 to −0.09, Z = 2.37, I2:60.8%, P = .02), and physical therapy (ES: −1.18, 95% CI: −2.10 to −0.26, Z = 2.51, I2:88.0%, P = .01). Also, interventions reduced the pain of burn wound care (ES: −0.29, 95% CI: −1.01 to 0.44, Z = 0.78, I2:72.6%, P = .43), but it was statistically insignificant. In sum, the result of the present study indicated that using non‐pharmacological interventions significantly reduced pain intensity in children. The reduction of pain intensity was greater in non‐VR than in VR interventions. Future studies should focus on comparing VR interventions with non‐VR and single versus multi‐modal distraction to clarify the effectiveness of each.
New class of high‐entropy rare‐earth niobates with high thermal expansion and oxygen insulation
Authors: Lai Liping , Gan Mengdi , Wang Jun , Chen Lin , Liang Xiubing , Feng Jing , Chong XiaoYu
Published: March 2023

Tailoring the structure and properties of materials using the high‐entropy (HE) effect is of significant interest in the fields of environmental and thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this work, a new class of dense HE rare‐earth niobates was successfully prepared by a solid‐phase reaction method, including (Sm1/5Dy1/5Ho1/5Er1/5Yb1/5)NbO4 (5HERN), (Sm1/6Dy1/6Ho1/6Er1/6Yb1/6Lu1/6)NbO4 (6HERN), (Sm1/7Dy1/7Ho1/7Er1/7Yb1/7Lu1/7Gd1/7)NbO4 (7HERN), and (Sm1/8Dy1/8Ho1/8Er1/8Yb1/8Lu1/8Gd1/8Tm1/8)NbO4 (8HERN), along with eight single rare‐earth niobates (RENbO4, RE = Sm, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Gd, and Tm). X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that 5–8HERN are single‐phase solid solutions with a monoclinic structure (space group C12/c1). The thermal expansion coefficients of 7HERN and 8HERN exceed 11 × 10−6 K−1 at 1200°C and are much higher than those of the RENbO4 compositions (10.13–10.74 × 10−6 K−1) and other some HE rare‐earth oxides (10.27–10.87 × 10−6 K−1). Importantly, 5–8HERN have lower oxygen‐ion conductivity and higher activation energy than yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and the RENbO4 compositions. The oxygen‐ion conductivity of 5HERN (7.52 × 10−7 S cm−1, 900°C) was 105 times lower than that of YSZ (0.01 S cm−1, 750°C). The hardness of 5–8HERN is ∼7.81–8.46 GPa and these compositions have low intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity at high temperature (1.28–1.69 W m−1 K−1 at 900°C). The mechanism by which the HE effect improved the material properties was elucidated. Young's modulus, hardness, thermal expansion coefficient, and intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity are linearly related to the mass, size, and distortion degree of samples. In contrast, the oxygen‐ion conductivity depends on both the degrees of disorder and distortion and the oxygen‐ion vacancy concentration. Based on their overall performance, especially their high thermal expansion coefficients and excellent oxygen‐barrier performance, HE rare‐earth niobates show potential for further development as TBC materials.
Nurses' experience of managing adults living with multimorbidity: A qualitative study
Authors: Whitehead Lisa , Palamara Peter , Babatunde‐Sowole Olutoyin Oluwakemi , Boak Jennifer , Franklin Natasha , Quinn Robyn , George Cobie , Allen Jacqueline
Published: March 2023

Background

The number of adults living with two or more chronic conditions is increasing worldwide. Adults living with multimorbidity have complex physical, psychosocial and self‐management care needs.

Aim

This study aimed to describe Australian nurses' experience of care provision for adults living with multimorbidity, their perceived education needs and future opportunities for nurses in the management of multimorbidity.

Design

Qualitative exploratory.

Methods

Nurses providing care to adults living with multimorbidity in any setting were invited to take part in a semi‐structured interview in August 2020. Twenty‐four registered nurses took part in a semi‐structured telephone interview.

Results

Three main themes were developed: (1) The care of adults living with multimorbidity requires skilled collaborative and holistic care; (2) nurses' practice in multimorbidity care is evolving; and (3) nurses value education and training in multimorbidity care.

Conclusion

Nurses recognize the challenge and the need for change in the system to support them to respond to the increasing demands they face.

Impact

The complexity and prevalence of multimorbidity creates challenges for a healthcare system configured to treat individual disease. Nurses are key in providing care for this population, but little is known about nurses' experiences and perceptions of their role. Nurses believe a person‐centred approach is important to address the complex needs of adults living with multimorbidity. Nurses described their role as evolving in response to the growing demand for quality care and believed inter‐professional approaches achieve the best outcomes for adults living with multimorbidity. The research has relevance for all healthcare providers seeking to provide effective care for adults living with multimorbidity. Understanding how best to equip and support the workforce to meet the issues and demands of managing the care of adults living with multimorbidity has the potential to improve patient outcomes.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution. The study only concerned the providers of the service.
Graft failure after allogeneic islet transplantation in a patient with type 1 diabetes and a high anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titer
Authors: Kodani Noriko , Chujo Daisuke , Terakawa Aiko , Ito Kyoji , Inagaki Fuyuki , Takemura Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Shinichi , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Ohmagari Norio , Ajima Kumiko , Takaki Tadashi , Yamashita Yzumi , Shinohara Koya , Kajio Hiroshi , Awata Takuya , Shimoda Masayuki
Published: March 2023

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a β‐cell replacement therapy for people with insulin‐deficient diabetes who have difficulty in glycemic control and suffer from frequent severe hypoglycemia. However, the number of islet transplantations carried out is still limited in Asia. We report a case of allogeneic islet transplantation in a 45‐year‐old Japanese man with type 1 diabetes. Although the islet transplantation was successfully carried out, graft loss was observed on the 18th day. Immunosuppressants were used in accordance with the protocol, and donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies were not detected. Autoimmunity relapse was also not observed. However, the patient had a high titer of anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody from before the islet transplantation, and autoimmunity might thus have affected the β‐cells in the transplanted islet. The evidence is still scarce to reach conclusions, and further data accumulation is required to enable proper patient selection before islet transplantation.
Diagnosis of Renibacterium salmoninarum infection in harvested Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) on the east coast of Canada: Clinical findings, sample collection methods and laboratory diagnostic tests
Authors: Jia Beibei , Burnley Holly , Gardner Ian A. , Saab Matthew E. , Doucet Adele , Hammell K. Larry
Published: March 2023

Chronic subclinical infection with the aetiological agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), Renibacterium salmoninarum, presents challenges for the clinical management of disease in farmed salmonids and for prevalence estimation. Harvested salmon sampled at processing plants provide the opportunity to describe subclinical outcomes of BKD using gross necropsy observations and diagnostic test results in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations that are apparently healthy (i.e. alive at harvest) but naturally exposed to R. salmoninarum infection. Sampling of farmed salmon (Population A, n = 124 and Population B, n = 160) was performed immediately post‐slaughter as fish were being processed at a plant in New Brunswick, Canada. Populations were selected based on planned harvests from sites with histories of recent exposure events related to clinical BKD as evidenced by the site veterinarian's diagnosis of mortality attributable to BKD: One site (Pop A) had recently increasing mortalities attributed to BKD, and the other site (Pop B) had ongoing low‐level mortalities with BKD pathology. As expected with the different exposure histories, Pop A had a higher percentage (57.2%) of R. salmoninarum culture‐positive kidney samples compared with similar fish samples in Pop B (17.5%). Diagnosis of R. salmoninarum by gross granulomatous lesions in internal visceral organs, bacterial culture and identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) using different swab transport methods, and molecular detection methods (quantitative PCR, qPCR) were compared. Agreement of culture‐positive percentages at the sample level was moderate (kappa: 0.61–0.75) among specimens collected using different kidney sampling methods in Pop A and Pop B. The highest proportion of R. salmoninarum‐positive cultures occurred when kidney tissues were transported to the laboratory and inoculated directly onto agar using a swab (94% of cultures from Pop A and 82% from Pop B when fish were positive by any culture method). Fish with cumulative lesion scores (severity of granulomatous lesions in 3 different visceral organs) of >4 were all culture positive, and when compared with non‐lesioned fish, had substantially higher odds of being culture positive: Pop A: odds ratio (OR) = 73, 95% confidence interval (CI) (7.91, 680.8); Pop B: OR = 66, 95% CI (6.12, 720.7). Our study found that onsite postmortem examinations with severity scores of gross granulomatous lesions were predictive of positive culture results for R. salmoninarum, and they were a useful proxy for assessing prevalence in apparently healthy populations with subclinical infection.
Maternal Self‐Efficacy as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Postpartum Depression and Maternal Role Competence: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Dlamini Lindelwa Portia , Hsu Yu‐Yun , Shongwe Mduduzi Colani , Wang Shan‐Tair , Gau Meei‐Ling
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study aimed to (1) examine the relationships among postpartum depression, maternal self‐efficacy, and maternal role competence, and to (2) test whether maternal self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between postpartum depression and maternal role competence.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional design, we conveniently sampled 343 postpartum mothers from 3 primary health care facilities in Eswatini. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Maternal Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, and Perceived Competence Scale. Multiple linear regression models and structural equation modeling were performed in IBM SPSS and SPSS Amos to examine the studied associations and to test the mediation effect.

Results

The participants were aged 18 to 44 (mean, 26.4; SD, 5.86) years, and the majority were unemployed (67.1%), had an unintended pregnancy (61.2%), received education during antenatal classes (82.5%), and fulfilled the cultural norm of the maiden home visit (58%). Adjusting for covariates, postpartum depression was negatively associated with maternal self‐efficacy (β = −.24, P < .001) and maternal role competence (β = −.18, P = .001), whereas maternal self‐efficacy was positively associated with maternal role competence (β = .41, P < .001). In the path analysis, postpartum depression only related to maternal role competence indirectly through maternal self‐efficacy (β = −.10, P = .003).

Discussion

High maternal self‐efficacy was associated with high maternal role competence and fewer postpartum depression symptoms, suggesting that improving maternal self‐efficacy may help reduce postpartum depression and may improve maternal role competence.
Peripheral neuropathy as clinical onset of monoclonal IgM/k‐related amyloidosis
Authors: Briani Chiara , Ferrari Sergio , Berno Tamara , Visentin Andrea , Cacciavillani Mario , Cavallaro Tiziana , Fedrigo Marny , Rizzo Stefania , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Trentin Livio , Piazza Francesco
Published: March 2023

Aim

Neuropathy is a frequent complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), the most common being a demyelinating polyneuropathy with anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibodies, but also cryoglobulins, vasculitis, neurolymphomatosis, and amyloidosis. We describe a patient with IgM/kappa WM who presented with a severe, not length‐dependent, peripheral neuropathy as clinical onset of IgM/kappa‐related amyloidosis.

Methods

A 69‐year‐old woman came to our attention for weight loss, gait imbalance and sensory loss at upper limbs. In her medical history, she was in hematological follow‐up for WM, and had undergone left carpal tunnel release. At neurological evaluation she had weakness and loss of sensation at upper limbs up to the elbows, more at the left side, gait was unsteady with right foot drop. Hypotrophy and areflexia were present at four limbs. Sensory loss and vibration sense were dramatically reduced. She underwent extensive diagnostic workup.

Results

Laboratory workup revealed an IgM/kappa monoclonal paraprotein of 16 g/L and increased NT‐proBNP; anti‐MAG antibodies were absent. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated a population of neoplastic B‐lymphocytes. Total‐body CT scan and echocardiogram were negative. Neurophysiology revealed a symmetric, no length dependent sensory‐motor polyneuropathy Periumbilical fat biopsy was positive for amyloid. Sural nerve biopsy detected amyloid in the wall of an epineurial vein.

Conclusions

This case report describes a rare and unusual manifestation of IgM‐related AL amyloidosis in WM. The patient presented with a subacute clinically asymmetric neuropathy with no pain or dysautonomic features as clinical onset of IgM/kappa‐related amyloidosis. Sural nerve biopsy was crucial for the diagnosis.
Fairness and inequality acceptance in children and adolescents: A survey on behaviors in economic experiments
Authors: Schunk Daniel , Zipperle Isabell
Published: March 2023

This survey article provides an overview of the recent experimental economic literature on fairness‐related behaviors in children and adolescents. We discuss different motives underlying fair behavior, summarize the development of fairness and inequality acceptance across different developmental stages, and we shed light on behavioral heterogeneity with respect to gender, SES, and cultural background. Moreover, we also discuss the role of preferences and social norms as determinants of fair behavior in children and adolescents. To learn about the origins of fair behavior, we address the influence of social environments, such as the family and we discuss the potential contribution of the genetic disposition.
Transorbital sonography and MRI reliability to assess optic nerve sheath diameter in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Roemer Sebastian Niclas , Friedrich Erik Bernhard , Kettner Michael , Rauzi Martina , Schub Peter , Kulikovski Johann , Janitschke Daniel , Stögbauer Jakob , Lochner Piergiorgio
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) compared to the established method transorbital sonography (TOS) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods

Twenty‐three patients with IIH were prospectively included applying IIH diagnostic criteria. All patients received a lumbar puncture with assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure to assure the IIH diagnosis. Measurement of ONSD was performed 3 mm posterior to inner sclera surface in B‐TOS by an expert examiner, while three independent neuroradiologists took measurements in axial T‐weighted MRI examinations. The sella turcica with the pituitary gland (and potential presence of an empty sella) and the trigeminal cavity were also assessed on sagittal and transversal T1‐weighted MRI images by one independent neuroradiologist.

Results

The means of ONSD between ultrasound and MRI measurements were 6.3 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 0.6 mm) and 6.2 mm (SD = 0.8 mm). The interrater reliability between three neuroradiologists showed a high interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (confidence interval: .573 < ICC < .8; p < .001). In patients with an empty sella, the ONSD evaluated by MRI was 6.6 mm, while measuring 6.1 mm in patients without empty sella. No correlation between CSF opening pressure and ONSD was found.

Conclusions

MRI can reliably measure ONSD and yields similar results compared to TOS in patients with IIH. Moreover, patients with empty sella showed significantly larger ONSD than patients without empty sella.
Religious Ethics and the Spirit of Undomesticated Dissent
Authors: Day Keri
Published: March 2023

The field of religious ethics contributes to practices of resistance and hope in broader society. In advancing my claim that religious ethics contributes to practices of resistance and hope today, I first tell a story about the changing demographics in the field of religious ethics and why this demographic shift is important. I next focus on womanist religious scholarship as an exemplary discourse in religious ethics and how it has contributed to practices of resistance and hope in the academy and within contemporary society. While a few scholars in JRE over the last 50 years have cited and engaged womanist ethicists like Katie Cannon and Emilie Townes, I want to offer a more explicit argument on how the womanist idea has contributed to practices of resistance and hope. I maintain that womanist religious scholarship embodies the practice of undomesticated dissent and that such dissent might be understood as a contribution to larger humanistic inquiry within the academy. Finally, I briefly consider an objection to my argument through engaging Stanley Fish's claim that the purposes and ends of institutions of higher education should not be oriented toward activism.
Impact of COVID‐19 on fish consumption and nutrition intake—An empirical study
Authors: Mitra Sandip , Prodhan Md. Masudul Haque , Khatun Most. Nilufa , Rahman Md Takibur , Khan Md. Akhtaruzzaman
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the effects of COVID‐19 on fish consumption and nutrition intake based on a random survey of 247 fish consumers in Bangladesh. The Propensity Score Matching technique is used to compare fish consumption and fish‐sourced nutrition intake between two groups of consumers before and during COVID‐19. The result shows that 38% overall reduction in fish consumption for the low‐income group compared to lower‐middle, upper‐middle‐ and high‐income groups. Furthermore, per capita consumption of culture and capture fish species decreased significantly for low‐income, lower‐middle‐income, and upper‐middle‐income groups of consumers. It indicates that nutrition and mineral intake have reduced sharply as well Higher energy and K reduction are observed for Pangasius hypophthalmus among different culture fish species while energy and Ca reduction were higher for Wallago attu and Mystus vittatus respectively. Therefore, the government might place a greater emphasis on excluding the food supply chain from lockdown restrictions during a COVID‐19‐like pandemic.
Hazard ontology and 4D benchmark model for facilitation of automated construction safety requirement analysis
Authors: Johansen Karsten W. , Schultz Carl , Teizer Jochen
Published: March 2023

Over the last two decades, numerous approaches have been developed for automating construction safety assessment, that is, prevention through design and planning (PtD/P), that overcome the limitations of a purely manual safety assessment process. Despite this, such automated approaches are yet to be widely adopted in practice. Barriers include a lack of standardization of construction safety concepts within regulatory frameworks and a lack of confidence in automated approaches on the part of practitioners. This work presents a freely available 4D BIM‐based benchmark model (3D Building Information Model and 68 schedules) and construction safety ontology covering the two most frequent and severe construction site accidents: falls from height and struck‐by falling object hazards. The benchmark model and ontology enable the construction safety community to test and compare the performance of alternative automated approaches. Moreover, they are utilized in our PtD/P tool SafeConAI, and empirical evaluation results show how the safety situation changes among different construction schedules of the same project.
Characteristics and factors for the innovation performance of New R&D Institutes at start‐up stages: an exploratory study from China
Authors: Jiang Chun , Gao Yong , Li Shihan , Luo Lihua , Zhu Linna
Published: March 2023

To improve independent innovation ability, China has explored a unique form of R&D organization called the New R&D Institute (NRDI). The spillover effect of NRDIs in the region arouses curiosity about what exactly drives its innovation performance. After clarifying the NRDI concept and its characteristics, this study studies Nanjing, a typical city with the rapid development of NRDIs in China, to empirically explore the impact mechanism of NRDI development in their start‐up period. The study uses panel data from 103 NRDIs spanning 10 quarters from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2020. Our analysis reveals that R&D investment, government support, research infrastructure, and angel investment have mixed impacts on the revenue, innovation, and enterprise incubation of NRDIs. Specifically, resource inputs such as R&D staff, R&D service platforms, and R&D expenditures boost the revenue growth of NRDIs. In contrast, only a few inputs play an important role in NRDIs’ innovation and enterprise incubation, including service platforms, capital investment from high‐tech parks, and angel funding. The early development of NRDIs has four features. (1) It is driven more by material capital (R&D expenditure) than by human capital (R&D staff). (2) It relies more on government support rather than institution investment. (3) Research infrastructure has specific significant effects on the innovative output of NRDIs. (4) Angel investment is critical to promote technological innovation and business incubation. Most of the input elements have not yet been very effective in the innovation and incubation of NRDIs. Our research offers essential insights for understanding the innovation mechanism in NRDIs and promoting their healthy development.
Pharmacotherapeutic challenges for treating the baby boomer cohort
Authors: Pelok Scott D.
Published: March 2023

As the baby boomer cohort ages, they have an ever‐increasing number of comorbidities and associated poly‐pharmaceutical treatment needs. The challenge for healthcare providers is to stay current of advancements in providing for this aging population. Baby boomers can expect a longer life expectancy than any previous generation. Yet, longevity has not correlated with better health. This cohort is noted for being goal driven and more self‐assured than younger generations. They are resourceful and will often attempt to fix things themselves, including their healthcare. They believe hard work deserves justifiable rewards and relaxation. These beliefs have resulted in baby boomers utilizing more alcohol and illicit drugs. Altogether this means today's healthcare providers must be aware of potential interactions from the polypharmacy of prescribed medication, and they must include and understand additional complications associated with supplemental medications and illegal drugs.
Hemolysis during therapeutic plasma exchange: A rare phenomena
Authors: Kakkar Brinda , Melinkeri Sameer , Narawade Sharwari , Ketkar Sanjiv , Kulkarni Sonali
Published: March 2023

Hemolysis is an uncommon complication in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) using cell separator machine based on continuous centrifugation method. However, it is frequently encountered in patients undergoing TPE using a membrane filtration technique. We report an interesting case where hemolysis was noted during TPE using a cell separator machine.
Evaluation of two temperature storage conditions for full blood count samples from Lifeblood's donors
Authors: Jacko Georgina , Green Anna , Lycett Leo , Ismay Sue , Peberdy James , Daly James
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Lifeblood completes full blood count samples for selected donors to assess their suitability for future donations. Removing the current practice for refrigerated (2–8°C) storage and aligning with room temperature (20–24°C) storage of other donor blood samples would produce significant efficiencies in blood donor centres. This study aimed to compare full blood count results under two temperature conditions.

Materials and Methods

Paired full blood count samples were collected from 250 whole blood or plasma donors. These were stored either refrigerated or room temperature for testing on arrival at the processing centre and the following day. The primary outcomes of interest included differences between mean cell volume, haematocrit, platelet count, white cell and differential counts, and the need to produce blood films, based on existing Lifeblood criteria.

Results

A statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference for most full blood count parameters results was found between the two temperature conditions. The number of blood films required was similar under each temperature condition.

Conclusion

The clinical significance of the small numerical differences in results is considered minimal. Furthermore, the number of blood films required remained similar under either temperature condition. Given the significant reductions in time, processing and costs associated with room temperature over refrigerated processing, we recommend a further pilot study to monitor the broader impacts, with the intent to implement national storage of full blood count samples at room temperature within Lifeblood.
A Machine Learning Approach to Model Oxidation of Toluene in a Bubble Column Reactor
Authors: Tayeb Raihan , Zhang Yuwen
Published: March 2023

A machine-learned (ML) subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling technique is introduced for efficient and accurate prediction of reactants and products undergoing parallel competitive reactions as seen in a bubble column. The model relies on data generated from a simple substitute problem with a small number of features. The machine-learned model corrects the errors in concentration and concentration gradients at cell faces arising from using linear interpolation and showed good accuracy for a mesh that barely covers the concentration boundary layer with minimal computational overhead. The present model, thus, offers a significant performance bonus when applied to near spherical, ellipsoid, and dimple-ellipsoidal bubbles.
Concentric Phase Assistance Enhances Eccentric Peak Power During Flywheel Squats: Intersession Reliability and the Linear Relationship Between Concentric and Eccentric Phases
Authors: Wren Cion , Beato Marco , McErlain-Naylor Stuart A. , Iacono Antonio Dello , de Keijzer Kevin L.
Published: March 2023

Background: It remains unknown if flywheel-assisted squats can be reliably utilized to increase power outputs and if such outputs are related. Objectives: To compare assisted and unassisted flywheel squat peak power outputs, determine their reliability, and analyze the relationship of the delta difference between peak power outputs during the squats. Methods: Twenty male athletes attended the laboratory 6 times—performing 3 sets of 8 repetitions of assisted and unassisted squats during 2 familiarization sessions and then 3 sets of 8 repetitions during experimental sessions 3 to 6 (2 sessions for unassisted and assisted squat in randomized order, respectively). Results: Concentric and eccentric peak power were significantly greater during assisted squats (both P < .001, d = 1.59, d = 1.57, respectively). Rating of perceived exertion (P = .23) and eccentric:concentric ratio (P = .094) did not differ between squat conditions. Peak power measures obtained excellent reliability, while rating of perceived exertion and eccentric:concentric ratio estimates were rated as acceptable to good, with greater uncertainty. A large to very large correlation (r = .77) was found between concentric and eccentric peak power delta difference of assisted and unassisted squats. Conclusions: Greater concentric outputs during assisted squats induce greater eccentric outputs and obtain greater mechanical load. Peak power is a reliable metric for monitoring flywheel training, whereas the eccentric:concentric ratio should be used with caution. Eccentric and concentric peak power are strongly related during flywheel squats, evidencing the need to maximize the concentric output to enhance the eccentric output.
Unsaturated bond recognition leads to biased signal in a fatty acid receptor
Authors: Mao Chunyou , Xiao Peng , Tao Xiao-Na , Qin Jiao , He Qing-Tao , Zhang Chao , Guo Sheng-Chao , Du Ya-Qin , Chen Li-Nan , Shen Dan-Dan , Yang Zhi-Shuai , Zhang Han-Qiong , Huang Shen-Ming , He Yong-Hao , Cheng Jie , Zhong Ya-Ni , Shang Pan , Chen Jun , Zhang Dao-Lai , Wang Qian-Lang , Liu Mei-Xia , Li Guo-Yu , Guo Yongyuan , Xu H. Eric , Wang Chuanxin , Zhang Cheng , Feng Shiqing , Yu Xiao , Zhang Yan , Sun Jin-Peng
Published: March 2023

Individual free fatty acids (FAs) play important roles in metabolic homeostasis, many through engagement with more than 40G protein–coupled receptors. Searching for receptors to sense beneficial omega-3 FAs of fish oil enabled the identification of GPR120, which is involved in a spectrum of metabolic diseases. Here, we report six cryo–electron microscopy structures of GPR120 in complex with FA hormones or TUG891 and G
i
or G
iq
trimers. Aromatic residues inside the GPR120 ligand pocket were responsible for recognizing different double-bond positions of these FAs and connect ligand recognition to distinct effector coupling. We also investigated synthetic ligand selectivity and the structural basis of missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We reveal how GPR120 differentiates rigid double bonds and flexible single bonds. The knowledge gleaned here may facilitate rational drug design targeting to GPR120.
In Science Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Stajic Jelena , Foley John F. , Smith H. Jesse , Seale Maddy , Grocholski Brent , Norton Melissa , Jiang Di , Simonti Corinne , Vignieri Sacha , Yeston Jake , Williams Ifor
Published: March 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
In Other Journals
Authors: Seale Maddy , Simonti Corinne , Vignieri Sacha , Ash Caroline , Suleymanov Yury , Wible Brad , Grocholski Brent
Published: March 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Medical screens for polar research called unfair
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: March 2023

History of mental health treatment can be a disqualifier, interviews with Science reveal
Genetic Dissection of Budding Yeast PCNA Mutations Responsible for the Regulated Recruitment of Srs2 Helicase
Authors: Fan Li , Zhang Wenqing , Rybchuk Josephine , Luo Yu , Xiao Wei
Published: March 2023

It is known that budding yeast PCNA sumoylation serves as a ligand to recruit a DNA helicase Srs2 through its tandem receptor motifs that prevent unwanted homologous recombination (HR) at replication forks, a process known as salvage HR. This study reveals detailed molecular mechanisms, in which constitutive PCNA-PIP interaction has been adapted to a regulatory event.
Metatranscriptome Reveals Specific Immune and Microbial Signatures of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children
Authors: Feng Qianyu , Feng Ziheng , Yang Bin , Han Shuaibing , Wen Shunhang , Lu Gen , Jin Rong , Xu Baoping , Zhang Hailin , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde
Published: March 2023

In the present study, we demonstrated the comparative results of host responses to infection between RSV and other three common respiratory viruses for children. The comparative transcriptomics study of respiratory samples sheds light on the significant roles that ciliary organization and assembly, extracellular matrix changes, and microbial interactions play in the pathogenesis of RSV infection.
New insights into the age and origin of two small Cretaceous seamount chains proximal to the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge
Authors: Sotomayor Arturo , Balbas Andrea , Konrad Kevin , Koppers Anthony A.P. , Konter Jasper G. , Wanless V. Dorsey , Hourigan Thomas F. , Kelley Christopher , Raineault Nicole
Published: March 2023

The Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge is an age-progressive volcanic chain sourced from the Hawaiian mantle plume. Proximal to the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge are several clusters of smaller seamounts and ridges with limited age constraints and unknown geodynamic origins. This study presents new bathymetric data and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations from lava flow samples recovered by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) from two east–west-trending chains of seamounts that lie north of the Pūhāhonu and Mokumanamana volcanoes. The previously unexplored Naifeh Chain (28°48′N,167°48′W) and Plumeria Chain (25°36′N, 164°35′W) contain five volcanic structures each, including three guyots in the Naifeh Chain. New 40Ar/39Ar age determinations indicate that the Naifeh Chain formed ca. 88 Ma and the Plumeria Chain ca. 85 Ma. The Cretaceous ages, coupled with a perpendicular orientation of the seamounts relative to absolute Pacific plate motion at that time, eliminate either a Miocene Hawaiian volcanic arch or Cretaceous mantle-plume origin. The seamounts lie on oceanic crust that is modeled to be 10–15 Ma older than the corresponding seamounts. Here, two models are put forth to explain the origin of these enigmatic seamount chains as well as the similar nearby Mendelssohn Seamounts. (1) Diffuse lithospheric extension results in the formation of these seamounts until the initiation of the Kula-Pacific spreading center in the north at 84–79 Ma, which alleviates the tension. (2) Shear-driven upwelling of enriched mantle material beneath young oceanic lithosphere results in an age-progressive seamount track that is approximately perpendicular to the spreading ridge. Here we show that all sampled seamounts proximal to the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge are intraplate in nature, but their formations can be attributed to both plume and plate processes.
The nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in human disease
Authors: Wang Hongshuang , Zhang Mengjuan , Fang Fang , Xu Chang , Liu Jiazhi , Gao Lanjun , Zhao Chenchen , Wang Zheng , Zhong Yan , Wang Xiangting
Published: March 2023

Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), a member of the NR4A subfamily, acts as a gene regulator in a wide range of signaling pathways and responses to human diseases. Here, we provide a brief overview of the current functions of NR4A1 in human diseases and the factors involved in its function. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms can potentially improve drug development and disease therapy.
All basic quantizations of $$D=3$$, $$N=1$$ Lorentz supersymmetry
Authors: Tolstoy V. N.
Published: March 2023

By the supersymmetrization of a simple algebraic technique proposed in Lukierski and Tolstoy (Eur Phys J C 77:226, 2017) we obtain the complete classification of all basic (nonisomorphic) quantum deformations for the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra $$\mathfrak {osp}(1|2;{\mathbb {C}})$$

osp
(
1
|
2
;
C
)

and its pseudoreal and real forms in terms of the classical r-matrices. In particular, we prove that pseudoreal compact form has only one quantum deformation (standart q-analog), and the $$D=3$$

D
=
3

, $$N=1$$

N
=
1

Lorentz supersymmetry, which is the non-compact real form of $$\mathfrak {osp}(1|2;{\mathbb {C}})$$

osp
(
1
|
2
;
C
)

, has four different Hopf-algebraic quantum deformations: two standard q-analogs, and two (Jordanian and super-Jordanian) twist deformations. All basic Hopf-algebraic quantum deformations are presented in the explicit form.
Optical properties of a non-commutative rotating black hole
Authors: Iftikhar Sehrish
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the shadow cast by a non-commutative rotating Hayward black hole. The apparent shape as well as the size of the shadow depends upon the spin, non-commutative parameter as well as the parameter g of the said black hole. The size of the shadow decreases with g as well as the non-commutative parameter. Also, the shape of the shadow deviates from a perfect circle for the high values of g and the spin. We then discuss the rate of energy emission. Moreover, we study the impact of plasma on the size, shape as well as the rate of energy emission. We found that the plasma reduces the size and deformation of the shadow.