bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degenerative Lesions of the Lumbosacral Spine and the Biological Age of the Patient
Authors: Nowakowski Mariusz , Sieroń Dominik , Pecold Jarosław , Szymkowicz Marek , Piętka Tomasz , Dydoń Maria , Sieroń Karolina , Sieroń Aleksander , Kucharska Ewa
Published: October 2020

In the literature, the relationship between musculoskeletal diseases and the age of patients is more and more often mentioned. One of the diseases that arouses great interest of clinicians due to its prevalence is the degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Increasingly younger patients reporting spinal pain, together with low availability of literature on the relationship between the disease and age, indicate the need for a broader analysis of the topic. The work presents available information on osteoarthritis and biological age. The problems of diagnostic tools and bone marrow changes that result from the aging process were discussed.
Analyzing the available literature reveals the relationship between the aging process and the development of degenerative changes, as well as the need to undertake EBM-based studies to verify the relationship between the incidence of spine degenerative disease and its risk factors.
The Effects of Whole Body Vibration in Physiotherapy
– a Review of the Literature
Authors: Bartczyk Mateusz , Suchanowski Andrzej , Woldańska-Okońska Marta
Published: October 2020

Over the last decade, the use of vibration-supported therapeutic measures has been increased. There are many devices in the market that generate whole body vibration, but they can be divided into three groups due to the frequency, amplitude and direction of the vibrations being applied to the body. The aim of the work is to analyze the results of the most important works discussing the use and effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of vibrations on the human body. The studies are indicative of favourable changes to the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, neurological dysfunctions, incomplete spinal cord injury, sarcopenia and senile age disorders, osteoporosis, sports injuries. The use of whole body vibration does not result in significant changes to the hemodynamic function during therapy, although appropriate stimulation parameters may induce sufficient cardiovascular response to improve overall physical fitness. In the physiotherapy procedure, the whole body vibration is another means of increasing the effect of the therapy used.
The Iinfluence TENS H Current Over Proliferation
of Cancer Cells Depending on the Intensity in in vitro Assay
Authors: Pełczyńska Marzena , Milczarek Magdalena , Maciejewska Magdalena , Wietrzyk Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The knowledge of influence physiotherapeutic method over proliferation process is insufficient. It is considered that electrotherapeutic methods could accelerate neoplastic process. Thus using this methods are very limited in treatment patients with cancer anamnesis. Unfortunately, there are in literature not a lot of results of base researches in this area. It is much more difficult to exclude possibility proneoplastic activity of this methods than confirm this action.
Aim: of the study is checking the influence of TENS current over proliferation of cancer cells in in vitro assay.
Materials and Methods: The following human cell lines were used- A549, ES-2, HT29, MCF-7. The cells were plated twenty-four hours before treatment. Then the cells were exposured to TENS H current (0,1 mV and 1mV), t imp.100μs; f 100Hz, constant; during 20 min. The in vitro cytotoxic effects were examined after 96h in SRB assay. In the other experiment there were three- times expositions – 24, 48 and 72 hours after the plated.
Results: In this assay it wasn’t observed the acceleration of proliferation of cancer cells after single dose or triple dose expositions to TENS H
current.
Conclusion: The TENS H current after repeated doses didn’t accelerate proliferation of cancer cells in in vitro conditions.
Physical Therapy Following Total Hip Replacement and Assessment of the Effects on the Quality of Life
Authors: Kuliński Włodzisław , Gąszcz Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a serious clinical and social problem and is considered a civilisation disease. HOA is a chronic condition that causes joint cartilage damage. Its symptoms increase slowly, resulting in considerable limitations in hip joint mobility and severe pain. Advanced degenerative changes constitute one of the main indications for total hip replacement.
Aim: To assess the effects of physical therapy procedures on the quality of life in patients after total hip replacement.
Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 25 patients aged 60 to 79 years, staying at the specialist St. Luke Hospital in Końskie. Patients were examined in two stages, namely before surgery and after physical therapy and rehabilitation, up to 6 months after hip replacement.
Results: After total hip replacement, patients showed statistically significant improvements in the ranges of motion of the hip and reductions in pain, which contributed to better motor skills and improved patient independence in everyday life.
Conclusions: Total hip replacement and comprehensive rehabilitation performed in the study patients improved the ranges of motion in the hip joint, which contributed to an improvement in gait, functioning, and physical fitness and a significantly better quality of life.
The Impact of Comprehensive Sanatorium Rehabilitation
on Diabetes Control for Patients on 21-day Treatment Resort.
Own Observations
Authors: Stachura Agata , Łagowska-Batyra Agnieszka , Gierszon Patrycja , Smoleń Agata
Published: October 2020

Introduction: An integral part of modern healthcare is resort medicine, which should be a continuation of hospital or outpatient treatment. The paper discusses the impact of comprehensive sanatorium rehabilitation on the maintenance of blood pressure, glycaemia and BMI among diabetic patients on a 21-day resort stay in Nałęczów. In addition, the work includes, among others, the latest diabetes control criteria recommended by the Polish Diabetes Association.
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of health resort treatment on diabetes control parameters in the male and female population during 21-day sanatorium stays.
Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 152 patients (76 men, 50.00%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an average age of 67.45 ± 7.124 years on 21-day spa stays. The study method was a retrospective and comparative assessment of patients’ results in two subgroups. The frequency of physical activity, smoking, the presence of comorbidities, the model of their treatment, and the percentage of balneological and physical procedures ordered were analyzed.
Results: The results of our own research show both a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as fasting blood glucose
and 2 hours after a meal in both study groups. The studies also showed weight reduction, which, combined with a proper diet and regular physical activity, is the beginning of a healthy lifestyle after returning from a sanatorium.
Assessment of the Influence of Cryotherapy and Kinesitherapy
on the Cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Authors: Zwolińska Adrianna , Kikowski Łukasz , Pietrzak Katarzyna , Kostka Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Whole body cryotherapy is becoming a more and more popular form of therapy used by people of all ages. Understanding the organism’s response to short exposure to extremely low temperatures can contribute to the safety of treatments. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a series of whole body cryotherapy with kinesiotherapy on the reaction of cardiorespiratory system of patients at different ages and the analysis of the occurrence of adverse reactions under the influence of cryotherapy.
Materials and Methods. The study included 36 patients aged 32-70 divided into two age groups. Before and after the first and after the tenth treatments, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate per minute and a match test were made. A questionnaire regarding adverse effects related to the stay in the cryochamber was also conducted.
Results. After the first cryotherapy with kinesitherapy in the younger group (p = 0.005) and the older one (p = 0.03) the diastolic pressure was decreased, and after a series of treatments in the older group, also the systolic blood pressure decreased (p = 0.004). There were no changes in other parameters of the circulatory and respiratory systems. After the stay in the cryochamber, the patients most frequently reported discomfort associated with staying in a small room (7 people) and during breathing (5 people).
Conclusions. Systemic cryotherapy with kinesitherapy can cause adaptive changes associated with lowering blood pressure and do not significantly affect the respiratory system. Responses of the cardiorespiratory system to the above treatments are similar in the elderly and younger. Whole body cryotherapy can cause adverse effects, but they are not very serious and do not eliminate patients from participating in the therapy. Older age is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse changes.
Whole Body Hyperthermotherapy – Application in Medicine
Authors: Ponikowska Irena , Kozłowski Henryk Mikołaj , Adamczyk Przemysław , Wrotek Sylwia
Published: October 2020

This article is devoted to the use of a thermal factor in procedures called systemic hypertermotherapy. Different methods leading to increase in body temperature have been presented. The course of various therapies based on outside heat is described. A short review of the therapeutic effects of overheating has been made. In addition, both indications for using this type of treatment were given and attention was paid to existing contraindications. The facts cited in the article indicate that systemic hyperthermotherapy may be a perfect complement to the treatment procedures of patients suffering from diseases such as hypertension, depression, fibromyalgia, rheumatological and cancer diseases and others.
Mental Health Improvement and Rehabilitation
Within Rural Green Tourism
Authors: Soloviov Oleksii S. , Batyhina Olena M. , Derevyanko Bogdan V.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Among mental health improvement and rehabilitation methods, we can distinguish recreation within “rural green tourism”. A growing worldwide demand for rural holidays, getting acquainted with rural traditions and culture, farming culture, unity with nature is justified owing to its positive impact on mental health and overall human health, addressing mental problems and meeting psychological needs, etc.
Aim: to demonstrate that mental health improvement and rehabilitation can be achieved within rural green tourism, to determine how rural green tourism can affect the level of human mental health and to specify how different types of tourism (wellness, rehabilitation, rural green tourism) are related.
Materials and Methods: international acts, data of international organizations and conclusions of scientists have been examined and used in the study. The article also summarizes information from scientific journals and monographs from a medical and legal point of view with scientific methods. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods.
Conclusions: Mental health improvement and rehabilitation could be achieved within rural green tourism, which has a positive impact on mental health and overall human health. Such types of tourism as wellness, rehabilitation and rural green tourism are interlinked and complementary. The main disadvantage here is the lack of in-depth research of the rural green tourism’s impact on human mental health.
Applying Physical Therapy on Scleroderma Patients. A Clinical Case
Authors: Olkhovik Alina , Yurchenko Oleksandr , Yezhova Olha , Smiianov Vladyslav , Mordvinova Inna , Yurchenko Alla , Salatenko Ivan , Ihnatieva Olha
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Scleroderma remains one of the most severe rheumatic diseases and is characterized by a progressive course, disability, and a high level of mortality. According to world statistics, the average disease incidence rate ranges from 0.6 to 19 per 1 million, spreading out – from 4 to 242 per 1 million. An early start of physical therapy with the inclusion of new techniques in conjunction with medical treatment remains topical.
Aim: To develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of a complex physical therapy program for people with a limited form of scleroderma.
Clinical case: The study involved a woman with a limited form of scleroderma. At the beginning and the end of the study, laboratory studies were conducted: the level of hemoglobin, ESR, ionized calcium, Scl-70 (ANA-Screen); clinical signs were investigated: swelling of the hands, Raynaud’s phenomenon, fibrous myopathy, skin tightening assessment (according to G. Rodnan), goniometric studies and manual muscle testing. Physical therapy consisted of: daily kinesiotherapy in the form of active-passive exercises with an emphasis on fine motor skills of fingers and active exercises for the temporomandibular joint, coniferous salt bath for wrists, therapeutic massage and Kinesio taping of wrists.
As a result of the study, the mobility of the joints of the upper limbs increased by an average of 5-35 °; the muscle strength increased from 3 to 5 points and the quality of life of the patient improved.
Conclusions: Physical therapy made it possible to improve the mobility of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints, increase muscle strength, and reduce the main manifestations of the disease. The continuation of physical therapy complex will improve the quality of life of these patients and the further prognosis of treatment.
Inside the skin of a patient with diabetes: Fostering cognitive empathy through insulin pump simulation
Authors: Ryan Paul
Published: October 2020

In order to best treat a patient, the carer must be able to clearly see their point of view. In the case of the complexities of insulin pump therapy, physicians may not fully understand the common challenges that drive patients to non-adherence. The author undertook a three-day simulation using wearable technology to explore this experience. This form of simulation represents a simple yet effective means by which to foster cognitive empathy in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education settings alike.
Collections coloniales?
Authors: Brizon Claire
Published: October 2020

Based on three case studies of artifacts from 18th century collections preserved in Swiss cultural institutions, I attempt to rethink the use of the word "colonial" before the 19th century, and to apply it to describe collections from the modern period. I attempt to shed light on how these collections could be exhibited to provide critical perspective on these artefacts and the stories they are allowed to tell, in view of the upcoming exhibition entitled Exotic Switzerland? A Global History of the Enlightenment to open in 2020 at the Palais de Rumine in Lausanne.
Sch…
Authors: Diallo Kadiatou
Published: October 2020

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Apropiación de la escritura de los niños ikoots
Authors: Montero Gutenberg Gervasio
Published: October 2020

This investigation paper analyses the writing production of the ikoots children ‘huaves’ who are in the second grade of a bilingual elementary school. They are between seven and eight years old and speak ombeayiüts as their fist language and Spanish as their second language. However they are being literate in the second language. The work is from a quatitative perspective. The results show that the students are in an intermediate level in Spanish literacy and that they have passed the hypothesis of consonant-vowel syllabic composition. Meanwhile in ombeayiüts, they rely on linguistic transfer to represent the phonemes shared with Spanish. They don´t show great difficulties with the phonemes of stable writing but the conflict appears with the phonemes of unstable writing and with the phonemes in ombeayiüts.
‘Arqueología’ docente: génesis de una escuela oficial de Artes Aplicadas
Authors: Pariente Yela Juan José
Published: October 2020

40 years after the 'founding' of the A.A. School (Applied Arts) of Vitoria/Gasteiz, we reflect on its origins as a private and recognized center, then inserted within the School of Arts and Crafts. We review some relevant pedagogical facts of that initial phase, particularly the experimental Teaching Project. The School's Paraninfo (large multi-purpose hall) hosted various exhibition experiments with the students, preparatory to their participation in some artistic actions applied to the city, in complicity with the City Council. The study involved the first 7 academic years, until in 1986 the Basque Government granted it official status, later assuming its management. The A.A. School has had several names and locations that have given it character. We reconsider that pedagogical material, supported by the bibliography of the time that we also contribute.
Potential of guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the prevention and treatment of cancer
Authors: Girisa Sosmitha , Parama Dey , Harsha Choudhary , Banik Kishore , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B.
Published: October 2020

Cancer is one of the most dreadful diseases in the world with a mortality of 9.6 million annually. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment during the last couple of decades, it still remains a serious concern due to the limitations associated with currently available cancer management strategies. Therefore, alternative strategies are highly required to overcome these glitches. The importance of medicinal plants as primary healthcare has been well-known from time immemorial against various human diseases, including cancer. Commiphora wightii that belongs to Burseraceae family is one such plant which has been used to cure various ailments in traditional systems of medicine. This plant has diverse pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antimutagenic, and antitumor which mostly owes to the presence of its active compound guggulsterone (GS) that exists in the form of Z- and E-isomers. Mounting evidence suggests that this compound has promising anticancer activities and was shown to suppress several cancer signaling pathways such as NF-κB/ERK/MAPK/AKT/STAT and modulate the expression of numerous signaling molecules such as the farnesoid X receptor, cyclin D1, survivin, caspases, HIF-1α, MMP-9, EMT proteins, tumor suppressor proteins, angiogenic proteins, and apoptotic proteins. The current review is an attempt to summarize the biological activities and diverse anticancer activities (both in vitro and in vivo) of the compound GS and its derivatives, along with its associated mechanism against various cancers.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PENGIRIS SINGKONG
Authors: Azharul Firmansyah , Asep Yandi  , Veriah Hadi
Published: October 2020

Singkong sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan ringan oleh masyarakat luas. Kelemahannya, singkong akan mudah membusuk jika tidak segera diolah sehingga banyak yang terbuang percuma. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan pasca panen dengan baik. Salah satu proses pengolahannya adalah dengan membuat keripik singkong. Usaha ini banyak dikerjakan di rumah-rumah sebagai home industry. Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi berupa kualitas produk yang kurang baik karena ukuran potongan yang bervariasi serta produktivitas yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang alat pengiris singkong dengan kapasitas yang cukup dan memiliki ketebalan hasil irisan yang seragaman. Metode yang dilakukan dengan studi literatur dan proses perancangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa mesin pengiris singkong yang mempunyai kapasitas produksi 90 kg/jam dengan hasil irisan yang seragam.
Musculoskeletal Oncology: Patient Triage and Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Olshinka N. , Mottard S.
Published: October 2020

Sarcoma treatment during the covid-19 pandemic is a new challenge. This patient population is often immunocompromised and potentially more susceptible to viral complications. Government guidelines highlight the need to minimize patient exposure to unnecessary hospital visits. However, those guidelines lack practical recommendations on ways to manage triage and diagnosis expressly for new cancer patients. Furthermore, there are no reports on the efficiency of the guidelines. One of the main issues in treating musculoskeletal tumours is the complexity and variability of presentation. We offer a triage model, used in a quaternary-referral musculoskeletal oncology centre, that allows us to maintain an open pathway for referral of new patients while minimizing exposure risks. A multidisciplinary approach and analysis of existing investigations allow for a pre-clinic evaluation. The model identifies 3 groups of patients: (1) Patients with suspected high-grade malignancy, or benign cases with aggressive features, both in need of further evaluation in the clinic and prompt treatment; (2) Patients with low-grade malignancy, and benign cases whose treatment is not urgent, that are managed during the pandemic by telemedicine, with reassurance and information about their illness; (3) Patients who can be managed by their local medical professionals. In comparison to a pre-pandemic period, that approach resulted in a higher ratio of malignant-to-benign conditions for new patients seen in the clinic (3:4 vs. 1:3 respectively), thus using available resources more efficiently and prioritizing patients with suspected high-grade malignancy. We believe that this triage system could be applied in other surgical oncology fields during a pandemic.
The Implications of COVID-19 in Radiation Oncology in the United States
Authors: Odei B. , Quick A.
Published: October 2020

The corona virus disease of 2019 (covid-19) has been traumatic [...]
Trijų vaistų derinys viename inhaliatoriuje gydyti lėtinei obstrukcinei plaučių ligai. TRIBUTE klinikinio tyrimo duomenys
Authors: Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija
Published: October 2020

Lėtinei obstrukcinei plaučių ligai (LOPL) būdingi nuolatiniai respiraciniai simptomai, išliekanti bronchų obstrukcija. Sunkėjant ligai, dažnėja paūmėjimai, reikšmingai įtakojantys gyvenimo kokybę, spartinantys ligos progresavimą. Skiriant dvigubą LOPL gydymo terapiją, dažnai nepavyksta suretinti ligos paūmėjimų. TRIBUTE tyrimo duomenimis, gydymas trimis skirtingų farmakoterapinių grupių įkvepiamaisiais vaistais yra pranašesnis už dvigubą terapiją dviem bronchus plečiamaisiais vaistais: reikšmingai suretino vidutinio sunkumo – sunkių LOPL paūmėjimų dažnį. Gydymo metu pastebėta geresnė su sveikata susijusi gyvenimo kokybė, plaučių funkcija, nenustatyta saugumo profilio skirtumų. Analizuojant gydymo rezultatus, pastebėta, kad gydymas beklometazono dipropionatu, formoterolio fumaratu ir glikopironiu (BDP/FF/G) itin veiksmingas esant lėtinio bronchito LOPL fenotipui su padidėjusiu periferinio kraujo eozinofilų kiekiu (>2 proc.). Toks gydymas turi perspektyvą atrinktų pacientų ilgalaikiam LOPL gydymui.
Taxonomic revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra
Authors: Fijridiyanto I.A. , Smets E. , Arifiani D.
Published: October 2020

A revision of Dehaasia (Lauraceae) in Sumatra is presented. Eight species are recognized, including two newly described species (D. bandaharense and D. pilosa). A key to the eight species, descriptions and distribution maps of each species and illustrations
of newly described species are provided. A neotype for D. incrassata is designated.
On informational-communicative interaction of subjects of innovation process: national and international experience
Authors: Zavadska Anhelina
Published: October 2020

Problem setting. The innovative development of society necessitates the functioning of a network that would ensure effective communication between the subjects of the innovation process. In this aspect, the issue of information and communication between the subjects of the innovation process becomes especially important.
Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of creation and specifics of functioning of separate subjects of innovation infrastructure were investigated by such legal scholars as S.V. Glibko [1], I.V. Podrez-Ryapolova, A.M. Ljubcic, V.F. Savchenko, M.G. Dolgopolov and others.
Target of research is to analyze the activities of networks of individual actors in the innovation process on the example of science parks, business incubators and business angels.
Article’s main body. In Ukraine, the science park is one of the most common subjects of the innovation process. At the same time, there is no single network of science parks in Ukraine that would provide interaction between these subjects of the innovation process. Instead, several networks of science parks operate effectively at the international level. In addition, today a network of business incubators (startup incubators) “YEP!” is successfully operating in Ukraine as an influential subject of the innovation process. The third subject of the innovation process, which was studied in the article, is a business angel as an individual, who invests in high-risk, mainly innovative, small and medium enterprises and startups.
Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result, the author concludes that ensuring the implementation of information and communication interaction between the subjects of the innovation process is the key to the effectiveness of their functioning. Today, international networks of business angels, business incubators and science parks operate in the world in the form of non-governmental non-profit organizations and providing education, information and communication, representation and investment services to their members.
Percursos dos aprendentes ao construírem Narrativas Transmídias a partir da temática - Gênero
Authors: Gomes Eber Gustavo da Silva , Ramalho Climéria Beserra
Published: October 2020

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a cultura participativa de aprendentes nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental ao criarem Narrativas Transmídias (NT) a partir da temática “gênero” e seus desdobramentos enquanto tema transversal. Adotamos a Teoria ‘Cultura da Convergência’, de Jenkins (2009), cuja caracterização acontece pela convergência das tecnologias massivas e interativas e não de sua sobreposição, como suporte teórico para sustentar o objeto desta pesquisa. Nessa perspectiva, surgem as NTs como forma de narrar histórias em plataformas de mídias. A pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e, como caminho metodológico, adotamos o cartográfico que analisa os percursos dos aprendentes ao produzirem NTs, contemplando, assim, a cultura participativa. A coleta de dados das etapas do processo de produção de NTs ocorreu a partir de entrevistas, análise das mídias criadas e de seus discursos. Os resultados surgiram de forma rizomática e a elaboração das NTs caracterizou-se pelo uso de diversas mídias.
Palavras-chave: Cultura da convergência. Narrativa transmídia. Cultura participativa. Método cartográfico.
An Overview of Different Indirect and Semi-Indirect Evaporative Cooling System for Study Potency of Nanopore Skinless Bamboo as An Evaporative Cooling New Porous Material
Authors: Wijaksana Hendra , Winaya I. Nyoman Suprapta , Sucipta Made , Ghurri Ainul
Published: October 2020

The high energy consumption of compressor-based cooling system has prompted the researchers to study and develop non-compressor-based cooling system that less energy consumption, less environment damaging but still has high enough cooling performances. Indirect and semi indirect evaporative cooling system is the feasible non-compressor-based cooling systems that can reach the cooling performance required. These two evaporative cooling systems has some different in construction, porous material used, airflow scheme and secondary air-cooling method used for various applications. This paper would report the cooling performances achieved by those two-cooling systems in terms of cooling efficiency, cooling capacity, wet bulb effectiveness, dew point effectiveness, and temperature drop. Porous material used in indirect and semi-indirect evaporative cooling would be highlighted in terms of their type, size, thickness and any other feature. The introduction of nanopore skinless bamboo potency as a new porous material for either indirect or semi-indirect evaporative cooling would be described. In the future study of nanopore skinless bamboo, a surface morphology and several hygrothermal test including sorption, water vapor transmission, thermal conductivity test would be applied, before it utilizes as a new porous material for direct or semi indirect evaporative cooling.
Experimental Study of Direct Water Injection Effect on NOx Reduction from The Gas Fuel
Authors: Kotob Mostafa Raafat , Lu Tianfeng , Wahid Seddik S.
Published: October 2020

Direct Water Injection (DWI) is commonly used in many nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions control applications due to its effect to reduce the adiabatic flame temperature. In this paper an experimental test rig is designed to study the effect of water injection spray inside a simulated gas turbine combustor from the gas fuel. The practical work introduced by the chemical reaction methodology followed by the experiment which was presented and discussed carefully. Results are obtained in term of the exhaust gas temperature and different injection parameters including position, direction and fuel mass flow rate on the nitrogen oxide emission value in PPM (Parts per Million) at different conditions. The results showed that the best water injection effect was obtained at 45° degree inside the primary air zone. Injection location has a major effect on the NOx reduction as the best injected location is the Primary air zone compared with the direct fuel nozzle tip due to the increase of the water droplets residence time inside the combustor and perform a vortex that will affect the reduction of exhaust gas temperature and NOx emission respectively. The huge impact was observed at LPG (Liquefied Petroleum gas) flowrate 2.7L/min and water to fuel ratio about 0.4 as the NOx value was decreased about 73% from almost 381 PPM to 73 PPM. The chemical reaction arrangement order methodology presented good agreement with the experimental results at different fuel flow rate and equivalence ratio. The chemical Reaction equations were implemented to calculate the different adiabatic flame temperatures which is experimentally known as the exhaust gas temperature and impacted directly the NOx emission results.
Retrospective analysis of pregnancies with heart disease
Authors: ELÇİ Erkan , TOLUNAY Harun
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Pregnant women who were diagnosed with a cardiac disease, from an echocardiogram before or during pregnancy, were retrospectively analysed in this study.

Materials and Methods: Pregnant women who delivered at our training and research hospital in the time period of 2009-2014 were included in this study. The records of women who gave birth were screened retrospectively.

Results: Patients who were diagnosed with an echocardiogram before or during pregnancy were considered as pregnant women with heart diseases. Patients who underwent pregnancy termination due to decompressed heart diseases were excluded from the study. 37 520 deliveries were examined. The number of complicated pregnancies with heart disease was 132 (0.35%), 45 of these patients had a caesarian section (C/S). Mitral valve diseases were found to be the most common cause of heart disease. Heart disease complicating pregnancy is increasing with advanced maternal age.

Conclusion: Understanding the physiological changes in pregnancy and their effect on specific cardiac conditions forms the basis of management during pregnancy. Close surveillance should be offered for these women. Prior to pregnancy, patients should receive a cardiovascular assessment and counseling, this should be a primary goal.
TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b: Grazing and Fully Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by TESS
Authors: Davis Allen B. , Wang Songhu , Jones Matias , Eastman Jason D. , Günther Maximilian N. , Stassun Keivan G. , Addison Brett C. , Collins Karen A. , Quinn Samuel N. , Latham David W. , Trifonov Trifon , Shahaf Sahar , Mazeh Tsevi , Kane Stephen R. , Narita Norio , Wang Xian-Yu , Tan Thiam-Guan , Ciardi David R. , Tokovinin Andrei , Ziegler Carl , Tronsgaard René , Millholland Sarah , Cruz Bryndis , Berlind Perry , Calkins Michael L. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Collins Kevin I. , Conti Dennis M. , Murgas Felipe , Evans Phil , Lewin Pablo , Radford Don J. , Paredes Leonardo A. , Henry Todd J. , Hodari-Sadiki James , Lund Michael B. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Law Nicholas M. , Mann Andrew W. , Briceño César , Parviainen Hannu , Palle Enric , Watanabe Noriharu , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Krishnamurthy Akshata , Batalha Natalie M. , Burt Jennifer , Colón Knicole D. , Dynes Scott , Caldwell Douglas A. , Morris Robert , Henze Christopher E. , Fischer Debra A.
Published: October 2020

We report the discovery and confirmation of two new hot Jupiters discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b. The transits of these two planets were initially observed by TESS with orbital periods of 1.651 and 3.739 days, respectively. We conducted follow-up observations of each system from the ground, including photometry in multiple filters, speckle interferometry, and radial velocity measurements. For TOI 564 b, our global fitting revealed a classical hot Jupiter with a mass of

M
J and a radius of

R
J. Also a classical hot Jupiter, TOI 905 b has a mass of

M
J and radius of

R
J. Both planets orbit Sun-like, moderately bright, mid-G dwarf stars with V ∼ 11. While TOI 905 b fully transits its star, we found that TOI 564 b has a very high transit impact parameter of

, making it one of only ∼20 known systems to exhibit a grazing transit and one of the brightest host stars among them. Therefore, TOI 564 b is one of the most attractive systems to search for additional nontransiting, smaller planets by exploiting the sensitivity of grazing transits to small changes in inclination and transit duration over a timescale of several years.
On the Size of the Flare Associated with the Solar Proton Event in 774 AD
Authors: Cliver E. W. , Hayakawa H. , Love Jeffrey J. , Neidig D. F.
Published: October 2020

The 774 AD solar proton event (SPE) detected in cosmogenic nuclides had an inferred >1 GV (>430 MeV) fluence estimated to have been ∼30–70 times larger than that of the 1956 February 23 ground level event (GLE). The 1956 GLE was itself ∼2.5 times larger at >430 MeV than the episode of strong GLE activity from 1989 August–October. We use an inferred soft X-ray (SXR) class of X20 ± 10 for the 1956 February 23 eruptive flare as a bridge to the source flare for the 774 SPE. A correlation of the >200 MeV proton fluences of hard-spectra post-1975 GLEs with the SXR peak fluxes of their associated flares yields an SXR flare class of X285 ± 140 (bolometric energy of ∼(1.9 ± 0.7) × 1033 erg) for the 774 flare. This estimate is within theoretical determinations of the largest flare the Sun could produce based on the largest spot group yet observed. Assuming a single eruptive flare source for the 774 SPE, the above estimate indicates that the Sun can produce a threshold-level 1033 erg superflare. If the 774 event originated in two closely timed, equal-fluence SPEs, the inferred flare size drops to X180 ± 90 (∼(1.4 ± 0.5) × 1033 erg). We speculate on favorable solar conditions that can lead to enhanced shock acceleration of high-energy protons in eruptive flares.
Double-peaked Balmer Emission Indicating Prompt Accretion Disk Formation in an X-Ray Faint Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Hung Tiara , Foley Ryan J. , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Dai Jane L. , Auchettl Katie , Kilpatrick Charles D. , Mockler Brenna , Brown Jonathan S. , Coulter David A. , Dimitriadis Georgios , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Law-Smith Jamie A. P. , Piro Anthony L. , Rest Armin , Rojas-Bravo César , Siebert Matthew R.
Published: October 2020

We present the multiwavelength analysis of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT 2018hyz (ASASSN-18zj). From follow-up optical spectroscopy, we detect the first unambiguous case of resolved double-peaked Balmer emission in a TDE. The distinct line profile can be well-modeled by a low eccentricity (e ≈ 0.1) accretion disk extending out to ∼100 R

p
and a Gaussian component originating from non-disk clouds, though a bipolar outflow origin cannot be completely ruled out. Our analysis indicates that in AT 2018hyz, disk formation took place promptly after the most-bound debris returned to pericenter, which we estimate to be roughly tens of days before the first detection. Redistribution of angular momentum and mass transport, possibly through shocks, must occur on the observed timescale of about a month to create the large Hα-emitting disk that comprises ≲5% of the initial stellar mass. With these new insights from AT 2018hyz, we infer that circularization is efficient in at least some, if not all optically bright, X-ray faint TDEs. In these efficiently circularized TDEs, the detection of double-peaked emission depends on the disk inclination angle and the relative strength of the disk contribution to the non-disk component, possibly explaining the diversity seen in the current sample.
SOFIA/FIFI-LS Full-disk [C ii] Mapping and CO-dark Molecular Gas across the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 6946
Authors: Bigiel F. , Looze I. de , Krabbe A. , Cormier D. , Barnes A. T. , Fischer C. , Bolatto A. D. , Bryant A. , Colditz S. , Geis N. , Herrera-Camus R. , Iserlohe C. , Klein R. , Leroy A. K. , Linz H. , Looney L. W. , Madden S. C. , Poglitsch A. , Stutzki J. , Vacca W. D.
Published: October 2020

We present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of the [C ii] 158 μm cooling line across the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946. We combine these with UV, IR, CO, and H i data to compare [C ii] emission to dust properties, star formation rate (SFR), H2, and H i at 560 pc scales via stacking by environment (spiral arms, interarm, and center), radial profiles, and individual, beam-sized measurements. We attribute 73% of the [C ii] luminosity to arms, and 19% and 8% to the center and interarm region, respectively. [C ii]/TIR, [C ii]/CO, and [C ii]/PAH radial profiles are largely constant, but rise at large radii (≳ 8 kpc) and drop in the center (“[C ii] deficit”). This increase at large radii and the observed decline with the 70 μm/100 μm dust color are likely driven by radiation field hardness. We find a near proportional [C ii]–SFR scaling relation for beam-sized regions, though the exact scaling depends on methodology. [C ii] also becomes increasingly luminous relative to CO at low SFR (interarm or large radii), likely indicating more efficient photodissociation of CO and emphasizing the importance of [C ii] as an H2 and SFR tracer in such regimes. Finally, based on the observed [C ii] and CO radial profiles and different models, we find α
CO to increase with radius, in line with the observed metallicity gradient. The low α
CO (galaxy average ≲ 2 M
⊙ pc−2 (K km s−1)−1) and low [C ii]/CO ratios (∼400 on average) imply little CO-dark gas across NGC 6946, in contrast to estimates in the Milky Way.
Constraints on Circumgalactic Media from Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effects and X-Ray Data
Authors: Wu Xuanyi , Mo Houjun , Li Cheng , Lim Seunghwan
Published: October 2020

We use observational measurements of thermal and kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effects, as well as soft X-ray emission associated with galaxy groups, to constrain the gas density and temperature in the circumgalactic medium for dark matter halos with masses above 1012.5
M
⊙. A number of generic models are used together with a Bayesian scheme to make model inferences. We find that gas with a single temperature component cannot provide a consistent model to match the observational data. A simple two-phase model assuming a hot component and an ionized warm component can accommodate all three observations. The total amount of the gas in individual halos is inferred to be comparable to the universal baryon fraction corresponding to the halo mass. The inferred temperature of the hot component is comparable to the halo virial temperature. The fraction of the hot component increases from (15–40)% for 1012.5
M
⊙ halos to (40–60)% for 1014.5
M
⊙ halos, where the ranges reflect uncertainties in the assumed gas density profile. Our results suggest that a significant fraction of the halo gas is in a nonthermalized component with the temperature much lower than the virial temperature.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. XII. Energy Scaling Laws
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: October 2020

In this study we test 18 versions of five fundamental energy scaling laws that operate in large solar flares. We express scaling laws in terms of the magnetic potential field energy E

p
, the mean potential field strength B

p
, the free energy E
free, the dissipated magnetic flare energy E
diss, the magnetic length scale L, the thermal length scale L
th, the mean helically twisted flux tube radius R, the sunspot radius r, the emission-measure-weighted flare temperature T

e
, the electron density n

e
, and the total emission measure EM, measured from a data set of 173 GOES M- and X-class flare events. The five categories of physical scaling laws include (i) a scaling law of the potential field energy, (ii) a scaling law for helical twisting, (iii) a scaling law for Petschek-type magnetic reconnection, (iv) the Rosner–Tucker–Vaiana scaling law, and (v) the Shibata–Yokoyama scaling law. We test the self-consistency of these theoretical scaling laws with observed parameters by requiring two criteria: a cross-correlation coefficient of CCC > 0.5 between the theoretically predicted scaling laws and observed values, and a linear regression fit with a slope of α ≈ 1 within one standard deviation σ. These two criteria enable us (i) to corroborate some existing (or modified) scaling laws, (ii) to reject other scaling laws that are not consistent with the observations, (iii) to probe the dimensionality of flare geometries, and (iv) to predict various energy parameters based on tested scaling laws.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Weighing Distant Clusters with the Most Ancient Light
Authors: Madhavacheril Mathew S. , Sifón Cristóbal , Battaglia Nicholas , Aiola Simone , Amodeo Stefania , Austermann Jason E. , Beall James A. , Becker Daniel T. , Bond J. Richard , Calabrese Erminia , Choi Steve K. , Denison Edward V. , Devlin Mark J. , Dicker Simon R. , Duff Shannon M. , Duivenvoorden Adriaan J. , Dunkley Jo , Dünner Rolando , Ferraro Simone , Gallardo Patricio A. , Guan Yilun , Han Dongwon , Hill J. Colin , Hilton Gene C. , Hilton Matt , Hubmayr Johannes , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Hughes John P. , Koopman Brian J. , Kosowsky Arthur , Lanen Jeff Van , Lee Eunseong , Louis Thibaut , MacInnis Amanda , McMahon Jeffrey , Moodley Kavilan , Naess Sigurd , Namikawa Toshiya , Nati Federico , Newburgh Laura , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Qu Frank J. , Robertson Naomi C. , Salatino Maria , Schaan Emmanuel , Schillaci Alessandro , Schmitt Benjamin L. , Sehgal Neelima , Sherwin Blake D. , Simon Sara M. , Spergel David N. , Staggs Suzanne , Storer Emilie R. , Ullom Joel N. , Vale Leila R. , Engelen Alexander van , Vavagiakis Eve M. , Wollack Edward J. , Xu Zhilei
Published: October 2020

We use gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to measure the mass of the most distant blindly selected sample of galaxy clusters on which a lensing measurement has been performed to date. In CMB data from the the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Planck satellite, we detect the stacked lensing effect from 677 near-infrared-selected galaxy clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), which have a mean redshift of

. There are currently no representative optical weak lensing measurements of clusters that match the distance and average mass of this sample. We detect the lensing signal with a significance of

. We model the signal with a halo model framework to find the mean mass of the population from which these clusters are drawn. Assuming that the clusters follow Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) density profiles, we infer a mean mass of

. We consider systematic uncertainties from cluster redshift errors, centering errors, and the shape of the NFW profile. These are all smaller than 30% of our reported uncertainty. This work highlights the potential of CMB lensing to enable cosmological constraints from the abundance of distant clusters populating ever larger volumes of the observable universe, beyond the capabilities of optical weak lensing measurements.
Mirror Mode Waves Immersed in Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Hau L.-N. , Chen G.-W. , Chang C.-K.
Published: October 2020

Mirror mode waves with anticorrelated density and magnetic field are widely observed in the heliosphere. This paper presents the first evidence of mirror mode waves occurring in the vicinity of a magnetic reconnection site (X-line) at the interface between the solar wind and Earth’s magnetosphere based on the analyses of two Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) crossing events along with the Grad–Shafranov (GS) reconstruction model with temperature anisotropy. The GS scheme solves the steady two-dimensional MHD equations in the frame of references moving with the plasma by using the spacecraft measurements. Both events have mirror type of pressure anisotropy and correspond, respectively, to the symmetric and asymmetric Harris type current sheets with the total thermal and magnetic field pressures being approximately constant. The GS reconstruction results show the magnetic reconnection with X line geometry associated with the mirror mode structures on the spatial lengths of 170 ∼ 370 km or 1.3 ∼ 3 ion gyroradius. The coexistence of mirror waves and magnetic reconnection provides the first observational evidence for the prior theoretical prediction of mixed tearing and mirror instabilities in plasma current sheets with temperature anisotropy.
A Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event
Authors: Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radosław , Gould Andrew , Udalski Andrzej , Sumi Takahiro ,   and, Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Skowron Jan , Ulaczyk Krzysztof ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Han Cheongho , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (KMT Collaboration)
Published: October 2020

Some low-mass planets are expected to be ejected from their parent planetary systems during early stages of planetary system formation. According to planet formation theories, such as the core accretion theory, typical masses of ejected planets should be between 0.3 and 1.0 M
⊕. Although in practice such objects do not emit any light, they may be detected using gravitational microlensing via their light-bending gravity. Microlensing events due to terrestrial-mass rogue planets are expected to have extremely small angular Einstein radii (≲1 μas) and extremely short timescales (≲0.1 day). Here, we present the discovery of the shortest-timescale microlensing event, OGLE-2016-BLG-1928, identified to date (

). Thanks to the detection of finite-source effects in the light curve of the event, we were able to measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens

μas, making the event the most extreme short-timescale microlens discovered to date. Depending on its unknown distance, the lens may be a Mars- to Earth-mass object, with the former possibility favored by the Gaia proper motion measurement of the source. The planet may be orbiting a star but we rule out the presence of stellar companions up to the projected distance of ∼8.0 au from the planet. Our discovery demonstrates that terrestrial-mass free-floating planets can be detected and characterized using microlensing.