bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice of Extracorporeal Therapies for Septic Acute Kidney Injury Patients in Intensive Care Units in Mainland China
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhou Fachun , Wang Xue , Chang Ping , Zhang Ling , Yao Qiang , Goldstein Jacques , Liu Xinyu , Wang Minmin
Published: April 2019

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and other extracorporeal therapies for acute kidney injury (AKI) and other organ dysfunction syndromes in critically ill patients are common in the intensive care unit (ICU). Many studies have focused on clinical practice for managing these conditions. However, there are few studies that describe the utilization of extracorporeal therapies, especially CRRT, in patients with sepsis-associated AKI. Summary: Two hundred ICU physicians were included in a survey from February 28, 2017, to March 20, 2017, on the current status of septic AKI and clinical practice in CRRT. According to the responses, 40% of sepsis patients in the ICU had AKI, and 25% required extracorporeal therapies. However, 29% of candidates gave up therapy for medical or nonmedical reasons. Overall survival for sepsis was 60%; among survivors, 80% were dialysis free at discharge. CRRT was the most common modality of extracorporeal therapy in the ICU, and 82% of physicians chose convection as the major clearance mode. The survey showed 30% of physicians saw the removal of inflammatory mediators as the major objective of extracorporeal therapies; however, only 18.5% of physicians considered inflammation as a measure to trigger CRRT. The median treatment duration of CRRT in China was 12 h per day for 5 days. Key Messages: There were some similarities and differences in CRRT practice for septic AKI patients in China and globally. The differences reveal some insights into improving the outcomes of these patients.
Analysis of Endotoxin Adsorption in Two Swedish Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: Broman Marcus Ewert , Bodelsson Mikael
Published: April 2019

Background: Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) from the outer Gram-negative bacterial wall can induce a harmful immunologic response, involving hemodynamic deprivation, and is one important motor driving the septic cascade. The positively charged poly-imine ethylene layer on the oXiris membrane is capable of adsorbing negatively charged endotoxin molecules and removing them from the blood compartment. Endotoxin is detrimental and should be removed from blood. Summary: The adsorbable endotoxin fraction in blood arises from a tight balance between seeding from an infectious focus and removal by an overwhelmed immune system. The net sum of remaining endotoxin in blood is available for an adsorption process in the oXiris filter. Endotoxin data from 2 patients with severe Gram-negative septic shock and endotoxemia in this case series, speaks for a considerable share of the adsorption of the oXiris filter in the endotoxin net removal over time. Key Messages: Analysis of combined in vitro and in vivo data speaks for an effect of the oXiris filter in lowering endotoxin.
A Four-Factor Model of Work Addiction: The Development of the Work Addiction Risk Test Revised
Authors: Urbán Róbert , Kun Bernadette , Mózes Tamás , Soltész Péter , Paksi Borbála , Farkas Judit , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Orosz Gábor , Maráz Anikó , Felvinczi Katalin , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: April 2019

Background: Work has a crucial role in individuals’ productivity, social life, and psychological well-being. Despite various definitions of work addiction in the literature, the number of psychometrically reliable instruments is limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to psychometrically test and revise the factor structure of the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), one of the most widely used instruments assessing work addiction. Method: The full version of the WART [Robinson, Post, & Khakee, 1992] was assessed using a nationally representative sample of Hungary (n = 2,710). To increase validity, the analyses were conducted among individuals who worked at least 40 h a week (n = 1,286, 43% women, mean age = 38.9 years, SD = 10.8). Results: Using confirmatory factor analysis, the originally proposed 4- and 5-factor solutions did not have adequate model fit indices. Thus, the sample was randomly divided into 2 subsamples. Exploratory factor analysis conducted in the first half of the sample supported a 4-factor solution, which was confirmed in the other half of the sample. The Work Addiction Risk Test Revised (WART-R) comprises 17 items and 4 factors (i.e., Overcommitment, Impatience, Hard-working, and Salience). Using a latent class analysis, a cutoff score (51 points out of 68) for the high risk of work addiction was determined. Almost one in 10 participants (9.3%) were identified as being symptomatic of work addiction, and these individuals also reported an elevated level of mental distress and hostility. Conclusions: As a conclusion, the WART-R is suitable to be used as an indicator of work addiction based on clinically relevant symptom dimensions.
Вплив ілеодуоденопластики на перебіг гнійно-некротичного ураження стопи у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу
Authors: Podpryatov S. E. , Podpriatov S. S. , Salata V. V. , Ivaha V. V. , Bielousov I. O. , Korchak V. P. , Satsiuk I. V.
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: оцінити вплив виконання ілеодуоденопластики на стан перебіг гнійно-некротичного ураження стопи у хворих на цукровий діабет ІІ типу.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз результатів виконання операції на кишечнику у 21 хворого на цукровий діабет 2 типу, ускладнений гнійно-некротичним ураженням стопи. Ілеодуоденопластика є варіантом виключення дванадцятипалої кишки з проходження їжі та переміщення здухвинної кишки. Серед пацієнтів було 12 чоловіків та 9 жінок, медіана віку 63 роки, інтерквартильний розмах (ІКР) 13 років, з індексом маси тіла (ІМТ) медіана 32,3 кг/см2, ІКР 8,1 кг/см2. Середня тривалість цукрового діабету склала 10 років, ІКР 9 років. Отримували таблетовані глюкозознижуючі препарати 6 пацієнтів, парентерально вводили інсулін 15.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Нормоглікемія без медикаментозної корекції була досягнута впродовж 3 тижнів після виконання ілеодуоденопластики у 19 пацієнтів, потребували прийому метформіну впродовж 2 місяців 2.

Висока ампутація нижньої кінцівки здійснена у 2 пацієнтів через 3 та 6 місяців після виконання ілеодуоденопластики на тлі критичної ішемії стопи. У інших пацієнтів кровотік в артеріях стопи суттєво покращився. У пацієнтів з діабетичною артроостеопатією та гнійним ураженням стопи високу ампутацію не виконували. В термін до 5 років рецидиву ні гіперглікемії, ні діабетичного ураження стопи не спостерігали.

Виконання ілеодуоденопластики є більш ефективним способом лікування гнійно-некротичного ураження стопи у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу в порівнянні з іншими способами.
Стан антиоксидантної системи захисту при експериментальному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету
Authors: Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Verveha B. M. , Pіdruchna S. R. , Melnyk N. A.
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити стан антиоксидантної системи захисту в організмі піддослідних тварин при змодельованому гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету порівняно із тваринами з експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом.

Матеріали і методи. У експерименті використано 56 білих щурів. Цукровий діабет у дослідних тварин моделювали шляхом внутрішньоочеревинного введення стрептозотоцину фірми “Sigmal” з розрахунку 7 мг на 100 г маси тварини, гострий поширений перитоніт – введенням 0,5 мл 10 % профільтрованої калової суспензії в черевну порожнину. Визначали показники антиоксидантного статусу – супероксиддисмутазну активність плазми, каталазну активність плазми та печінки, відновлений глутатіон, церулоплазмін. Терміни спостереження: 1, 3, 7 доби від початку моделювання перитоніту. Для проведення досліджень використовували сироватку крові та гомогенат печінки.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У результаті досліджень доведено, що при гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету більшою мірою виснажуються антиоксидантні ресурси захисту порівняно із групою тварин зі змодельованим гострим перитонітом. В основній групі встановлено статистично значуще зниження таких антиоксидантних показників, як церулоплазмін (на 1 добу – на 12,25 %, на 3 добу – на 12,11 %, на 7 добу – на 11,15 %), відновлений глутатіон (на 1 добу – на 11,87 %, на 3 добу – на 10,89 %, на 7 добу – на 9,42 %), супероксиддисмутазна активність плазми крові (на 1 добу – на 9,94 %, на 3 добу – на 13,22 %, на 7 добу – на 7,43 %), каталазна активність печінки (на 1 добу – на 7,63 %, на 3 добу – на 19,39 %, на 7 добу – на 20,97 %) порівняно із групою із змодельованим гострим поширеним перитонітом (р<0,05). У тварин із експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом на тлі цукрового діабету захисні антиоксидантні ресурси виснажувалися більшою мірою порівняно із тваринами із змодельованим гострим перитонітом. Встановлене пригнічення антиоксидантної системи захисту вказує на значне виснаження факторів захисту організму при гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету.
Стратифікаційні шкали ризику серцево-судинних подій у хворих на інфаркт міокарда в поєднанні з коморбідною і хірургічною патологією
Authors: Levytska L. V.
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: вивчити особливості реагування фізичних та біохімічних показників функціонального стану організму у хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ)  в поєднанні з коморбідною патологією (КП), виявити зв’язки між маркерними і лімітуючими параметрами функціонального стану організму та ступенем ризику серцево-судинних подій.

Матеріали і методи. Досліджено 371 хворого на інфаркт міокарда з коморбідною патологією, які були послідовно включені в проспективне дослідження. Вивчено основні функціональні показники стану організму хворого на ІМ з КП, а також їх взаємозв'язки з основними шкалами ризику, клінічними маркерами толерантності до фізичного навантаження та індексом коморбідності Чарльсона (ІКЧ).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Ступені ризику за шкалою GRACE у хворих на ІМ з КП мають прямий кореляційний звязок (точково-бісерійна кореляція) з показниками віку (r=0,267; Р<0,0001), частоти серцевих скорочень (r=0,159; Р=0,028), частоти дихальних рухів (r=0,248; Р=0,001), рівнями глюкози (r=0,197; Р=0,007), креатиніну (r=0,154; Р=0,033), та індексом коморбідності Чарльсона (r=0,275; Р<0,0001). Обернена кореляція спостерігалася між ступенями ризику за шкалою GRACE та рівнями гемоглобіну (r=-0,159; Р=0,03), загального холестерину (r=-0,217; Р=0,003), ЛПНГ (r=-0,292; Р<0,0001), SpO2 (r=-0,178; Р=0,017), кількістю лімфоцитів (r=-0,169; Р=0,02). Прослідковувалася  обернена кореляція між ступенем коморбідності за ІКЧ та тестом шестихвилинної ходьби на 10-й, 30 і 90-й день від початку розвитку ІМ (r10=-0,318; r30=-0,397; r90=-0,425; Р<0,0001).

Аналіз специфічності та чутливості тесту шестихвилинної ходьби на 10-й, 30-й та 90-й день реабілітації післяінфарктних хворих при значеннях ІКЧ>2 показав максимальну специфічність (1,0) та прогностичну цінність позитивного результату (1,0) цього маркера у коморбідних пацієнтів для значень ТШХ10 = 83,5-98 м (95% ДІ (0,672-0,828), Р=0,037); ТШХ30 = 147-166,5 м (95% ДІ (0,766-0,904), Р=0,005 та ТШХ90 = 199,5-227,5 м (95% ДІ (0,741-0,933), Р=0,005).
Diagnostic Agreement of Quantitative Flow Ratio With Fractional Flow Reserve and Instantaneous Wave‐Free Ratio
Authors: Hwang Doyeon , Choi Ki Hong , Lee Joo Myung , Mejía‐Rentería Hernán , Kim Jihoon , Park Jonghanne , Rhee Tae‐Min , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Lee Hyun‐Jong , Kim Hyun Kuk , Park Taek Kyu , Yang Jeong Hoon , Song Young Bin , Shin Eun‐Seok , Nam Chang‐Wook , Kwak Jae‐Jin , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Choi Jin‐Ho , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Escaned Javier , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol
Published: April 2019

Background

Quantitative flow ratio (
QFR
) has a high diagnostic accuracy in assessing functional stenoses relevance, as judged by fractional flow reserve (
FFR
). However, its diagnostic performance has not been thoroughly evaluated using instantaneous wave‐free ratio (
iFR
) or coronary flow reserve as the reference standard. This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of
QFR
using other reference standards beyond
FFR
.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 182 patients (253 vessels) with stable ischemic heart disease and 82 patients (105 nonculprit vessels) with acute myocardial infarction in whom coronary stenoses were assessed with
FFR
,
iFR,
and coronary flow reserve. Contrast
QFR
analysis of interrogated vessels was performed in blinded fashion by a core laboratory, and its diagnostic performance was evaluated with respect to the other invasive physiological indices. Mean percentage diameter stenosis,
FFR
,
iFR
, coronary flow reserve, and
QFR
were 53.1±19.0%, 0.80±0.13, 0.88±0.12, 3.14±1.30, and 0.81±0.14, respectively.
QFR
showed higher correlation (
r
=0.863 with
FFR
versus 0.740 with
iFR
,
P
<0.001), diagnostic accuracy (90.8% versus 81.3%,
P
<0.001), and discriminant function (area under the curve=0.953 versus 0.880,
P
<0.001) when
FFR
was used as a reference standard than when
iFR
was used as the reference standard. However, when
coronary flow reserve
was used as an independent reference standard,
FFR
,
iFR
, and
QFR
showed modest discriminant function (area under the curve=0.682, 0.765, and 0.677, respectively) and there were no significant differences in diagnostic accuracy among
FFR
,
iFR
, and
QFR
(65.4%, 70.6%, and 64.9%; all
P
values in pairwise comparisons >0.05, overall comparison
P
=0.061).

Conclusions

QFR
has a high correlation and agreement with respect to both
FFR
and
iFR
, although it is better when
FFR
is used as the comparator. As a pressure‐derived index not depending on wire or adenosine,
QFR
might be a promising tool for improving the adoption rate of physiology‐based revascularization in clinical practice.
Effects of ATRAP in Renal Proximal Tubules on Angiotensin‐Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Kinguchi Sho , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Haruhara Kotaro , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Ohki Kohji , Uneda Kazushi , Matsuda Miyuki , Haku Sona , Yamaji Takahiro , Yamada Takayuki , Kobayashi Ryu , Minegishi Shintaro , Ishigami Tomoaki , Yamashita Akio , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Tamura Kouichi
Published: April 2019

Background

We have previously shown that ATRAP (angiotensin
II
receptor–associated protein;
Agtrap
) interacts with AT1R (angiotensin
II
type 1 receptor) and promotes constitutive internalization of
AT
1R so as to inhibit hyperactivation of its downstream signaling. In response to angiotensin
II
, systemic
ATRAP
deficiency exacerbates angiotensin
II
–mediated hypertension via hyperactivation of renal tubular
AT
1R. Although
ATRAP
expression is abundant in renal proximal tubules, little is known about the actual function of renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
in angiotensin‐mediated hypertension.

Methods and Results

In this study, we examined the in vivo functional role of renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
in angiotensin‐dependent hypertension. We succeeded in generating proximal tubule–specific
ATRAP
knockout (
PT
‐
KO
) mice for the first time using the Cre/loxP system with
Pepck
‐Cre. Detailed analysis of renal
ATRAP
expression in
PT
‐
KO
mice estimated by immunohistochemical and laser‐capture microdissection analysis revealed that
ATRAP mRNA
expression decreased by ≈80% in proximal regions of the nephron in
PT
‐
KO
mice compared with wild‐type (
WT
) mice. We compared blood pressure of
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice using both tail‐cuff and radiotelemetric methods. Blood pressure of
PT
‐
KO
mice was comparable with that of
WT
mice at baseline. Moreover, no significant differences were noted in pressor response to angiotensin
II
(600 ng/kg per min or 1000 ng/kg per minute) infusion between
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice. In addition, angiotensin
II
–mediated cardiac hypertrophy was identical between
PT
‐
KO
and
WT
mice.

Conclusions

ATRAP
deficiency in proximal tubules did not exacerbate angiotensin‐dependent hypertension in vivo. The results indicate that renal proximal tubule
ATRAP
has a minor role in angiotensin‐dependent hypertension in vivo.
Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species
Authors: GERSHWIN LISA-ANN
Published: April 2019

The nomenclature and identity of Chiropsalmus quadrigatus have been extensively confused. Originally described from Rangoon, Burma, based on an immature and badly damaged specimen, subsequent Philippine and Australian redescriptions do not match primary characters of the holotype. This has led to widespread messiness in identification and classification of this and related species. In order to clarify the nomenclature of the Chiropsalmus-type cubomedusae, a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae is given. Chiropsoides quadrigatus comb. nov. is proposed, in order to reflect the close relationship of this taxon with Chiropsoides buitendijki, based on the shared character of linear-branching pedalia. A common Australian form, often attributed to Chiropsalmus quadrigatus, is herein described as a new genus and species, Chiropsella bronzie. This new form differs from other Chirodropida in having sessile, solid, smooth gastric saccules, whereas in other Chirodropida these structures are pendant whether they are smooth or branched. This new species is not dangerous to humans. Another form, Chiropsalmus alipes n. sp., is described from the Pacific coast of southern Mexico; this new species differs from others in having long, blade-like pedalia similar to those of the Carybdeida, only four tentacles at maturity per pedalium, each branching in a different direction, and a warty body; comments are made regarding its apparent relationship to the enigmatic Chiropsalmus zygonema. The recently described Chiropsalmus maculatus is moved to a new genus, Chirodectes in the family Chirodropidae.
A new genus of Barleeidae Gray, 1857 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) and the first occurrence of the genus Pseudodiala Ponder, 1967 off the Brazilian coast
Authors: SANTOS FRANKLIN NOEL DOS , ABSALÃO RICARDO SILVA
Published: April 2019

Ketosia new genus, Barleeidae, is described from off the Brazilian coast, based on conchological analysis of specimens collected through the REVIZEE Program and others from oil prospecting, off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State (24 o W). The new genus is characterised by: anteriorly convex to slightly convex shell profile; protoconch paucispiral, dome-shaped, its surface covered with irregular pits; and teleoconch smooth but with minute deep pits. The aperture is oval, and may be separated from the peripheral region of the teleoconch by a depression. Two new species belonging to this new genus are described herein. We also record, for the first time, the occurrence of the genus Pseudodiala Ponder, 1967 from the Brazilian coast, describing a new species.
A new genus and species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from southern Tunisia, with discussion of its phylogenetic position
Authors: KREITER SERGE , TIXIER MARIE-STÉPHANE
Published: April 2019

The phytoseiid mite Africoseiulella flechtmanni gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected on an unknown small weed growing under palm trees in an oasis in southern Tunisia. This mite is unique in the following combination of characteristics: dorsal shield of both sexes and male ventri-anal shield eroded; all dorsal shield setae minute; peritreme very short; setae JV1, JV3, JV4 and ZV1 absent; hypostome elongate; chelicera with long median segment but digits short and edentate; legs short and without macrosetae. The phylogenetic relationships of this new genus with close taxa are analysed; its taxonomic position within the Typhlodrominae is uncertain.
A new species of Probreviceps (Amphibia: Anura) from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
Authors: LOADER SIMON P. , CHANNING ALAN , MENEGON MICHELE , DAVENPORT TIM R.B.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Probreviceps is described from the Ukaguru Mountains in Tanzania, and is distinguished morphologically by its pointed and ridged snout. The species also differs from other members of the genus in its call and mitochondrial DNA. An updated phylogeny of all known Tanzanian Probreviceps species and subspecies is presented, based on 12S and 16S rRNA mitochondrial sequences. An updated key of the species of Probreviceps is also given.
The description of Moritiella Buffington, new genus (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae)
Authors: BUFFINGTON MATTHEW L.
Published: April 2019

The genus Moritiella Buffington, n. gen., is described, diagnosed and illustrated (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae). Two species new to science are described: M. elegans n. sp. and M. astrudae n. sp. Phylogenetic evidence suggests Moritiella is among the Zaeucoila group of genera, a group of eucoilines chiefly parasitic upon leaf-mining Agromyzidae (Diptera).
A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with maternal care from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J.R. , SAMBHU HEMCHANDRANAUTH , ROOPSIND INDRANEE , LENGLET GEORGES L. , BOURNE GODFREY R.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Colostethus is described from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, South America. The new species can be distinguished from close relatives by the presence of a median lingual process, first finger equal to second, Finger III not distinctly swollen but all fingers slightly swollen in males, presence of fringes on fingers, presence of a dorsolateral stripe from posterior corner of eye, absence of an oblique lateral stripe, and differences in tadpole morphology, colouration and pattern, vocalizations and ecology. This is only the second species of Colostethus known to provide maternal care for tadpoles.
Quantitative analysis of interspecific and ontogenetic variation in Osteoglossum species (Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes: Osteoglossidae)
Authors: LEAL MARIA E.C. , DE SANT-ANNA VIVIANNE B.
Published: April 2019

Patterns of interspecific and intraspecific variation were investigated on samples of postembryos, juveniles, and adults of the two species of the osteoglossid genus Osteoglossum (O. bicirrhosum and O. ferreirai). Twenty-two morphometric characters were analyzed, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) that discriminate ontogenetic classes and between species. The results showed differences in both categories. Morphometric characters related to dorsal and anal fin lengths proved to be the most important in taxonomic recognition. The comparison of growth trajectories for these characters showed that growth offset for O. bicirrhosum overlaps with growth onset for O. ferreirai, which may be indicative of a peramorphic morphology in the latter species.
Altavelia, a new genus of Neotropical Veliinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae), with a key to species and descriptions of four new species from Colombia
Authors: POLHEMUS DAN A. , MOLANO FREDY , MORALES IRINA , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , FLORIANO CARLA FERNANDA BURGUEZ
Published: April 2019

The new genus Altavelia Polhemus & Moreira (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) includes seven species previously contained in the inveruglas group of Paravelia Breddin, 1898 and four new species from Colombia: A. altoandina Molano & Morales, A. antioquia Molano & Morales, A. montana Molano & Morales, and A. quindiana Molano & Morales. Additionally, A. amoena (Drake, 1957) is synonymized with A. flavomarginata (Hungerford, 1930). The genus is characterized by prominent setal tufts or sclerotized wing-like processes on the male proctiger; elongate body shape with long, slender legs; uniformly blackish forewings; antennal segment I longest; and the female abdomen with tergum VIII deflexed. Species in this genus occur at high elevations in the Andes Mountains with records from 1500 to 3600 m. A key is provided to all 11 species in the genus and new distributional records are presented for A. boliviana (Breddin, 1898), A. columbiensis (Hungerford, 1930), and A. flavomarginata.
On the identity of Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: HUSANA DANIEL EDISON M. , NG PETER K.L.
Published: April 2019

The taxonomy of the Sundathelphusa philippina (von Martens, 1868) species group (Brachyura; Gecarcinucidae) from the Philippines is revised, and two new species are described. Sundathelphusa philippina sensu stricto is here restricted to the Bicol Peninsula of southern Luzon, and to the islands of Samar and Leyte. It is one of the largest freshwater crabs in the archipelago, reaching carapace widths of more than 53 mm. Sundathelphusa cebu sp. nov. from Cebu Island is superficially similar to S. philippina in morphology but can be separated by a suite of carapace characters. Sundathelphusa quirino sp. nov. from northern Luzon is the most distinct of the three taxa, with a distinctly more swollen carapace, relatively wider male pleon and a straighter male first gonopod. Sundathelphusa spelaeophila Stasolla, Abbarchi & Innocenti, 2015, is also shown to be a junior synonym of S. philippina sensu stricto.
A new genus and species of burrower bugs (Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Authors: WANG YIJIA , DU SILE , YAO YUNZHI , REN DONG
Published: April 2019

A new genus and species of Cydnidae, Punctacorona triplosticha gen. et sp. nov. (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha) is described and illustrated from Myanmar amber. This new genus is established based on its forewing anterior margin angulated, clavus narrow, with three rows of distinct punctures, metapleuron neighboring to posterior margin of evaporatorium carinate. A comparison between the new species and the Chilamnestocoris mixtus Lis et al. 2018 from Myanmar is provided.
Forcing of the Upper-Tropospheric Monsoon Anticyclones
Authors: Siu Leong Wai , Bowman Kenneth P.
Published: April 2019

During the boreal warm season (May–September), the circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is dominated by two large anticyclones: the Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) and North American monsoon anticyclone (NAMA). The existence of the AMA has long been linked to Asian monsoon precipitation using the Matsuno–Gill framework, but the origin of the NAMA has not been clearly understood. Here the forcing mechanisms of the NAMA are investigated using a simplified dry general circulation model. The simulated anticyclones are in good agreement with observations when the model is forced by a zonally symmetric meridional temperature gradient plus a realistic geographical distribution of heating based on observed tropical and subtropical precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. Model experiments show that the AMA and NAMA are largely independent of one another, and the NAMA is not a downstream response to the Asian monsoon. The primary forcing of the NAMA is precipitation in the longitude sector between 60° and 120°W, with the largest contribution coming from the subtropical latitudes within that sector. Experiments with idealized regional heating distributions reveal that the extratropical response to tropical and subtropical precipitation depends approximately linearly on the magnitude of the forcing but nonlinearly on its latitude. The AMA is stronger than the NAMA, primarily because precipitation in the subtropics over Asia is much heavier than at similar latitudes in the Western Hemisphere.
Controls on the Diversity in Climate Model Projections of Early Summer Drying over Southern Africa
Authors: Munday C. , Washington R.
Published: April 2019

Ninety-five percent of climate models contributing to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) project early summer [October–December (OND)] rainfall declines over subtropical southern Africa by the end of the century, under all emissions forcing pathways. The intermodel consensus underlies the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment that rainfall declines are “likely” and implies that significant climate change adaptation is needed. However, model consensus is not necessarily a good indicator of confidence, especially given that there is an order of magnitude difference in the scale of rainfall decline among models in OND (from <10 mm season−1 to ~100 mm season−1), and that the CMIP5 ensemble systematically overestimates present-day OND precipitation over subtropical southern Africa (in some models by a factor of 2). In this paper we investigate the uncertainty in the OND drying signal by evaluating the climate mechanisms that underlie the diversity in model rainfall projections. Models projecting the highest-magnitude drying simulate the largest increases in tropospheric stability over subtropical southern Africa associated with anomalous upper-level subsidence, reduced evaporation, and amplified surface temperature change. Intermodel differences in rainfall projections are in turn related to the large-scale adjustment of the tropical atmosphere to emissions forcing: models with the strongest relative warming of the northern tropical sea surface temperatures compared to the tropical mean warming simulate the largest rainfall declines. The models with extreme rainfall declines also tend to simulate large present-day biases in rainfall and in atmospheric stability, leading the authors to suggest that projections of high-magnitude drying require further critical attention.
Identity work by a non-white immigrant business scholar: Autoethnographic vignettes of covering and accenting
Authors: Fernando Mario , Reveley James , Learmonth Mark
Published: April 2019

How do immigrants with multiple sources of identity deal with the identity tensions that arise from misidentification within the workplace? In order to answer this question, we reposition two under-researched self-presentational identity work strategies – covering and accenting – as particular types of intersectional identity work. Adopting a minoritarian perspective, we apply this framework to an autoethnographic study of a non-white business scholar’s identity work. To the extent that covering and accenting allow the scholar to draw identity resources from non-threatening and widely available social identities, we find that this work enables him to avoid being discredited in the eyes of others. Yet, as a practical response to being misidentified, it also risks reproducing oppressive social structures. We conclude that as ways of doing intersectional identity work, covering and accenting take on heightened significance for non-white immigrants who seek to craft identities at the intersection of several discriminable and stigmatizable categories of difference.
Party Identification, the Policy Space and Business Donations to Political Parties
Authors: McMenamin Iain
Published: April 2019

Political finance scholars have paid little attention to the partisan preferences of business donors. This was because business donors were overwhelmingly concerned with the left-right dimension and enjoyed stable relationships with centre-right parties. These parties are increasingly tempted by economic nationalism. This new ideological flux provides an opportunity to measure the extent to which donors are party identifiers or react to changes in the policy space. Dramatic shifts in party policy on both the left-right and globalisation dimensions and a relatively transparent political finance regime make the United Kingdom a particularly apposite case to study this question. I analyse 19,000 donations to the Conservative Party and show that business donors reacted strongly to recent shifts on both the left-right and globalisation dimensions. Thus, centre-right parties may not be able to rely on party identification and their left-right position to maintain business funding. Economic nationalism is likely to cost centre-right parties money.
Age- and sex-specific first health care use for migraine in 2016 in children and adolescents from prospectively collected health insurance data in Germany
Authors: Albers Lucia , Kries Rüdiger von , Straube Andreas , Heinen Florian , Landgraf Mirjam N , Obermeier Viola , Ruscheweyh Ruth
Published: April 2019

Background

Migraine in children and adolescents is associated with significant disability and a high risk of persistence into adulthood.

Objective

Data on migraine incidence in children and adolescents are few and relatively coarse. To tailor interventions starting shortly after disease onset, detailed information on age- and sex-specific incidence of migraine in children and adolescents is needed.

Methods

We used health care data prospectively collected by the BARMER statutory health insurance, representing ∼11% of the German population. The incidence of migraine diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code G43) in the year 2016 was assessed in subjects aged 0–19 years, who had been continuously insured with the BARMER between 2005 and 2016 or during their entire lifespan.

Results

Data from ∼1.2 million children and adolescents were available. The incidence of migraine diagnoses steadily increased with age, reaching ∼1% per year around the age of 10 for both sexes, and 3.49% per year in females and 1.72% per year in males at the age of 19. Incidences in males and females were similar up to the age of 13 and higher in females from there on. The proportion of incident migraine diagnoses specified as “definite” versus “probable” migraine increased with age.

Conclusion

The present study provides a representative estimation of the first documented health care use for migraine in children and adolescents in Germany within 1-year age bins, separately for boys and girls. These data will be helpful for tailoring early healthcare interventions to reduce disability and prevent migraine chronification.
Study on the Framework of Intersection Pedestrian Collision Warning System Considering Pedestrian Characteristics
Authors: Ka Dongho , Lee Donghoun , Kim Sunghoon , Yeo Hwasoo
Published: April 2019

One of the most widely used advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for preventing pedestrian–vehicle collisions is the intersection collision warning system (ICWS). Most previous ICWSs have been implemented with in-vehicle distance sensors, such as radar and lidar. However, the existing ICWSs show some weaknesses in alerting drivers at intersections because of limited detection range and field-of-view. Furthermore, these ICWSs have difficulties in identifying the pedestrian’s crossing intention because the distance sensors cannot capture pedestrian characteristics such as age, gender, and head orientation. To alleviate these defects, this study proposes a novel framework for vision sensor-based ICWS under a cloud-based communication environment, which is called the intersection pedestrian collision warning system (IPCWS). The IPCWS gives a collision warning to drivers approaching an intersection by predicting the pedestrian’s crossing intention based on various machine learning models. With real traffic data extracted by image processing in the IPCWS, a comparison study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the IPCWS in relation to warning timing. The comparison study demonstrates that the IPCWS shows better performance than conventional ICWSs. This result suggests that the proposed system has a great potential for preventing pedestrian–vehicle collisions by capturing the pedestrian’s crossing intention.
Width-Based Cell Transmission Model for Heterogeneous and Undisciplined Traffic Streams
Authors: Ahmed Afzal , Ukkusuri Satish V. , Mirza Shahrukh Raza , Hassan Ausaja
Published: April 2019

Traffic streams in many developing countries consist of various modes of transport, with high heterogeneity in driver behavior. Modeling these types of traffic streams, in which traffic rules (speed limit, lane discipline, etc.) are not strictly followed, is a complex task. A review of the existing literature shows that there is a lack of traffic flow models that model the behavior of heterogeneous and undisciplined traffic streams. Like other undisciplined traffic streams, there are no speed limits (hence no speed enforcement) on most of the roads in Karachi, Pakistan. Lane discipline is also not observed by drivers, which results in a varying number of traffic lanes on a road. Therefore, most of the existing traffic flow models/simulation packages developed for disciplined traffic streams cannot appropriately model traffic streams without lane discipline. This research proposes a width-based cell transmission model (WCTM) by developing a fundamental flow-density diagram whose parameters are a function of the road width. Extensive field data have been collected from a selected arterial in Karachi for development of the fundamental traffic flow diagram. The values of the computed parameters are significantly different than the values reported in the literature. The piecewise-linear flow-density relation is developed by optimally estimating the breakpoints. Results show that the quadrilateral and pentagonal-shaped fundamental diagrams fit better with the collected data in comparison with the triangular-shaped fundamental diagram. The proposed WCTM is applied to selected segments of an arterial and results show that the WCTM was able to accurately model different traffic conditions.
On the Use of Probit-Based Models for Ranking Data Analysis
Authors: Nair Gopindra S. , Bhat Chandra R. , Pendyala Ram M. , Loo Becky P. Y. , Lam William H. K.
Published: April 2019

In consumer surveys, more information per response regarding preferences of alternatives may be obtained if individuals are asked to rank alternatives instead of being asked to select only the most-preferred alternative. However, the latter method continues to be the common method of preference elicitation. This is because of the belief that ranking of alternatives is cognitively burdensome. In addition, the limited research on modeling ranking data has been based on the rank ordered logit (ROL) model. In this paper, we show that a rank ordered probit (ROP) model can better utilize ranking data information, and that the prevalent view of ranking data as not being reliable (because of the attenuation of model coefficients with rank depth) may be traced to the use of a misspecified ROL model rather than to any cognitive burden considerations.
Long-Term Performance Evaluation of Concrete Pavements Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Oklahoma
Authors: Shi Xijun , Mukhopadhyay Anol , Zollinger Dan
Published: April 2019

To overcome the challenges associated with natural aggregate shortage and the disposal of construction and demolition waste, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) has been increasingly used in Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement as a virgin aggregate replacement. The work in this study involved conducting a performance evaluation of the existing RCA-PCC pavements in Oklahoma from different aspects, including: laboratory determination of mechanical properties; a petrographic examination of the concrete; a field evaluation using a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing; and distress surveys to assess pavement behavior. The laboratory testing of the field cores confirmed that the addition of RCA into PCC causes a reduction in the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength; the reclaimed mortar was found to be the primary weak zone through which cracks pass. The surface condition survey data and analysis of the FWD results match each other, indicating that the RCA joined plain concrete pavement (JPCP) section exhibited lower performance compared with the control JPCP section. But this trend was not as definitive for continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). The relatively good performance of the RCA CRCP results from the section being rested on a stronger asphalt concrete base layer. Additionally, the inherent stiffness fundamental to the behavior of CRCP provides a superior level of protection of the base from erosion damage compared with a jointed pavement. The findings indicate that erosion-resistant base support and good load transfer are essential design considerations for JPCP made of RCA-PCC. CRCP appears to be more suitable for the use of RCA-PCC.
Investigation of the Impact on Throughput of Connected Autonomous Vehicles with Headway Based on the Leading Vehicle Type
Authors: Martin-Gasulla Marilo , Sukennik Peter , Lohmiller Jochen
Published: April 2019

Although the future era of autonomous driving is seen as a solution for many of the current problems in traffic; the introductory phase, with low penetration rates of connected-autonomous vehicles (CAVs), might lead to lower capacities. This forecast is based on certain assumptions that the CAVs can operate more efficiently when communicating and cooperating—already proved in real tests—therefore in practice, they can keep smaller following headways. However, it is envisioned that they might keep larger headways to other conventional vehicles for safety reasons. Lower connected-autonomous vehicle (CAV) penetration rates lead to a reduction in the overall vehicle throughput, then with increasing penetration rates, throughput is recovered and eventually improved. Simulations demonstrate that the impact on vehicle throughput depends on the car following headway and penetration rate. Based on this potential reduction in the maximum throughput for low penetration rates, the aim of this paper is the mitigation of this phenomenon at urban intersections through a possible managing solution to sort CAVs and a pre-set green-time start. A microsimulation model has been calibrated using PTV Vissim to reflect this operating solution, using new possibilities as leading vehicle class dependent headway settings and formula-based routing for sorting vehicles at a two-lane intersection entry. This approach allows the formation of platoons at intersections and uses their effectiveness even at low CAV penetration rates. The tested scenario is simplified to through traffic without turnings maneuvers and the results show that the potential loss in throughput is canceled and reductions in the control delay can reach 17% for oversaturated conditions.
Morphology evolution, mechanical properties, Mullins effect, and its reversibility of polylactide/nitrile butadiene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates plasticized by dioctyl phthalate
Authors: Zhang Lin , Jiang Zhicheng , Wang Zhaobo
Published: April 2019

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on polylactide (PLA)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization where the PLA phase was plasticized by dioctyl phthalate (DOP), and the influence of DOP dosage on mechanical properties, morphology evolution, Mullins effect, and its reversibility were investigated systematically. The experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties of PLA/NBR TPVs were improved significantly with the addition of DOP. Compared with that of the PLA/NBR TPVs, the Shore A hardness was decreased obviously, while the elongation at break was increased slightly with increasing DOP dosage. Mullins effect results showed that the TPVs incorporated with DOP had the relatively lower stress-softening effect. The recovery ability of the maximum stress could be remarkably enhanced by increasing heat treatment temperature. Morphology studies showed that the network microstructure of the co-continuous phases was denser with the increasing dynamic vulcanization time; however, the network microstructure of the co-continuous was changed slightly with the addition of DOP.
Genetic algorithm-based multi-objective design of optimal discrete sliding mode approach for trajectory tracking of nonlinear systems
Authors: Benamor Anouar , Boukadida Wafa , Messaoud Hassani
Published: April 2019

In this paper, a novel multi-objective design of optimal control for robotic manipulators is considered. Generally, robots are known by their highly nonlinearities, unmodeled dynamics, and uncertainties. In order to design an optimal control law, based on the linear quadratic regulator, the robotic system is described as a linear time varying model. The compensation of both disturbances and uncertainties is ensured by the integral sliding mode control. The problem of deciding the optimal configuration of the linear quadratic regulator controller is considered as an optimization problem, which can be solved by the application of genetic algorithm. The main contribution of this paper is to consider a multi-objective optimization problem, which aims to minimize not only the chattering phenomenon but also other control performances including the rise time, the settling-time, the steady-state error and the overshoot. For that, a novel dynamically aggregated objective function is proposed. As a result, a set of nondominated optimal solutions are provided to the designer and then he selects the most preferable alternative. To demonstrate the efficacy and to show complete performance of the new controller, two nonlinear systems are treated in this paper: firstly, a selective compliance assembly robot arm robot is considered. The results show that the manipulator tracing performance is considerably improved with the proposed control scheme. Secondly, the proposed genetic algorithm-based linear quadratic regulator control strategy is applied for pitch and yaw axes control of two-degrees-of-freedom laboratory helicopter workstation, which is a highly nonlinear and unstable system. Experimental results substantiate that the weights optimized using genetic algorithm, result in not only reduced tracking error but also improved tracking response with reduced oscillations.
Aromatic aldehyde compound cuminaldehyde protects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats feeding high fat diet
Authors: Haque MR , Ansari SH
Published: April 2019

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by fat accumulation and is related with obesity and oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effect of cuminaldehyde on NAFLD in rats fed a high fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 42 days to induce NAFLD. The progression of NAFLD was evaluated by histology and measuring liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), serum and hepatic lipids (total triglycerides and total cholesterol), and oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). The HFD feeding increased the liver weight and caused NAFLD, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes. Administration of cuminaldehyde ameliorated the changes in hepatic morphology and liver weight, decreased levels of liver enzymes, and inhibited lipogenesis. Our findings suggest that cuminaldehyde could improve HFD-induced NAFLD via abolishment of hepatic oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia. Cuminaldehyde might be considered as a potential aromatic compound in the treatment of NAFLD and obesity through the modulation of lipid metabolism.
Normative nursing ethics: A literature review and tentative recommendations
Authors: Vogelstein Eric , Colbert Alison
Published: April 2019

We describe the results and implications of a literature review that identifies the number of normative and empirical articles, respectively, that have appeared in Nursing Ethics in each year from 1994 to 2017. The results of our analysis suggest a powerful trend away from normative scholarship and toward empirical investigation within the field of nursing ethics, both overall and comparatively. We argue that there are several important negative consequences of this trend, and we propose some potential solutions to address them.