bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing Vat‐Photocycloaddition 3D Printing with Recyclable Synthetic Photorheological Silicone Fluids
Authors: Oka Minami , Takagi Hideaki , Orie Akihiro , Honda Satoshi
Published: August 2022

Synthetic silicone rubbers are finding a broad spectrum of applications, yet there is a demand for developing greener silicone rubbers with processability, recyclability, and reversible tunability in their mechanical properties. Here, a recyclable photorheological silicone fluid (RPSF) is developed, which realizes completely reversible wavelength‐selective liquid–rubber conversion upon photoirradiation, relying on the reversible photocycloaddition of coumarin upon alternating irradiation of light with wavelengths of 365 (UV365) and 254 nm (UV254). Rheological studies demonstrate that the storage modulus of the developed RPSF increases by a factor of more than 100 000 upon UV365 irradiation to reach 20–50 kPa, while it decreases to ≈0.01 kPa upon UV254 irradiation. The reversibility of the photocycloaddition of coumarin enables the application of RPSF as a photodismantlable adhesive. Furthermore, unprecedented vat‐photocycloaddition 3D printing of silicone rubber is realized by taking advantage of the excellent photocurability, that is, the dramatic increase in viscoelasticity upon UV365 irradiation.
Sleep and Phelan–McDermid Syndrome: Lessons from the International Registry and the scientific literature
Authors: Moffitt Bridgette A. , Sarasua Sara M. , Ward Linda , Ivankovic Diana , Valentine Kathleen , Rogers Curtis , Phelan Katy , Boccuto Luigi
Published: August 2022

Background

Sleep is essential to maintaining a healthy life. Sleep disturbances among individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders are not well studied, affecting their early detection and treatment. Sleep disturbances in individuals with Phelan–McDermid Syndrome (PMS) are among the primary concerns reported by parents. However, little research has been aimed at addressing their concern.

Methods

The purpose of this investigation was to identify and quantify specific sleep disturbances in people with PMS by analyzing data collected by the PMS Foundation International Registry.

Results

The registry shows that 284 out of 384 (73.4%) individuals with confirmed chromosome 22q13 deletions or SHANK3 pathogenic variants have a sleep disturbance. The prevalence of sleep disturbances increases with age with 56% reporting a sleep disturbance in the 0–3 year age group and 90% reporting these disturbances in those over age 18 years old. The primary sleep disturbances were circadian rhythm sleep disorders that included difficulty falling asleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, difficulty returning to sleep after a nighttime awakening event, and hypersomnia and parasomnias including enuresis, night terrors, sleepwalking, and sleep apnea. Sleep disturbances were similarly frequent among individuals with SHANK3 pathogenic variants (84.8%) and those with deletions (71.9%), supporting the role of haploinsufficiency of SHANK3 in sleep.

Conclusion

Sleep disturbances are a common feature of PMS and should be considered in clinical evaluation and management because of the effect they have on the quality of life of the patients and their families.
The expansion of a non‐ideal gas around a sharp corner for 2‐D compressible Euler system
Authors: Chen Jianjun , Shen Zhimin , Yin Gan
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of expansion of a non‐ideal gas turning around corresponding large or small sharp corner for 2‐D compressible Euler system. We focus on extending the results of this problem for polytropic gas to that for a more realistic gas, that is, van der Waals gas. In this case, rarefaction waves, shock wave, fan–jump composite waves, or fan–jump–fan composite waves may be appeared. The flow expands to vacuum state when the inclination angle
is small enough, that is, a zone of cavitation will come into being. Otherwise, the flow will arrive at a zone of constant state. The corresponding problem can be transformed into interaction of a planar rarefaction wave with a planar centered wave and interaction of a simple wave with rigid wall, which are actually characteristic boundary value problems for 2‐D self‐similar Euler system. The estimates of solution are obtained by making use of characteristic analysis, corresponding characteristic decompositions and invariant region of solution. Furthermore, by extending the local solution, and combining with those estimates and hyperbolicity, the existence of global classical solution up to the interface of non‐ideal gas with vacuum is obtained.
Three‐dimensional, 2.5‐minute, 7T phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the human heart using concentric rings
Authors: Clarke William T. , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Valkovič Ladislav , Rodgers Christopher T.
Published: August 2022

A three‐dimensional (3D), density‐weighted, concentric rings trajectory (CRT) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence is implemented for cardiac phosphorus (31P)‐MRS at 7 T. The point‐by‐point k‐space sampling of traditional phase‐encoded chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequences severely restricts the minimum scan time at higher spatial resolutions. Our proposed CRT sequence implements a stack of concentric rings, with a variable number of rings and planes spaced to optimise the density of k‐space weighting. This creates flexibility in acquisition time, allowing acquisitions substantially faster than traditional phase‐encoded CSI sequences, while retaining high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We first characterise the SNR and point‐spread function of the CRT sequence in phantoms. We then evaluate it at five different acquisition times and spatial resolutions in the hearts of five healthy participants at 7 T. These different sequence durations are compared with existing published 3D acquisition‐weighted CSI sequences with matched acquisition times and spatial resolutions. To minimise the effect of noise on the short acquisitions, low‐rank denoising of the spatiotemporal data was also performed after acquisition. The proposed sequence measures 3D localised phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratios of the human myocardium in 2.5 min, 2.6 times faster than the minimum scan time for acquisition‐weighted phase‐encoded CSI. Alternatively, in the same scan time, a 1.7‐times smaller nominal voxel volume can be achieved. Low‐rank denoising reduced the variance of measured PCr/ATP ratios by 11% across all protocols. The faster acquisitions permitted by 7‐T CRT 31P‐MRSI could make cardiac stress protocols or creatine kinase rate measurements (which involve repeated scans) more tolerable for patients without sacrificing spatial resolution.
Update on the management of vitamins and minerals in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Hendrix Sara J. , Schindler Terri
Published: August 2022

Advancements in respiratory and nutrition management have significantly improved the survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). With the availability of several nutrition interventions such as oral/enteral nutrition supplements, enteric‐coated pancreatic enzymes, and water‐miscible CF‐specific vitamin supplements, frank vitamin deficiencies—with the exception of vitamin D—are rarely encountered in current clinical practice. Whereas they were previously considered as micronutrients, our current understanding of fat‐soluble vitamins and minerals as antioxidants, immunomodulators, and disease biomarkers has been evolving. The impact of highly effective modulators on the micronutrient status of patients with CF remains elusive. This narrative review focuses on the updates on the management of fat‐soluble vitamins and other micronutrients in CF in the current era and identifies the gaps in our knowledge.
Highly crystalline hexagonalPbI2sheets on polyaniline/antimony tin oxide surface as a novel and highly efficient photodetector inUV, Vis, and nearIRregions
Authors: Hadia Nomery M. A. , Shaban Mohamed , Mohamed S. H. , Al‐Ghamdi Ali F. , Alzaid Meshal , Elsayed Asmaa M. , Mourad Abdel Hamid I. , Amin Mohammed A. , Boukherroub Rabah , Abdelazeez Ahmed Adel A. , Rabia Mohamed
Published: August 2022

The work reports on the preparation of polyaniline/lead iodide optoelectronic photodetector on antimony tin oxide (ATO) glass (PANI/PbI2/ATO) for providing a low‐cost light sensor in the UV, Vis, and near IR regions (wide optical range photodetector). The deposition of PbI2nanoparticles was carried out on the surface of PANI using the ionic adsorption deposition method. Four ATO/PANI/PbI2composites (I, II, III, and IV) were produced by varying the Pb2+concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively). The chemical structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties were assessed using different analytical tools. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed the formation of a nanoporous PANI network. After PbI2incorporation within the PANI network, white nanoparticles formed on the surface. The average size of the PbI2nanoparticles was 220, 270, 280, and 320 nm for Pb2+concentration of 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively. Moreover, x‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed PANI/PbI2composite formation, as witnessed by the appearance of new peaks at 12.77°, 34.31°, and 38.8 ° characteristic of PbI2. Through the optical analyses, the band gap values of the PANI/PbI2composites I, II, III, and IV were 2.63, 2.51, 2.46, and 2.48 eV, respectively. ATO/composite III was applied as an optoelectronic device for detection the light under different intensities or wavelengths, in which the current density (Jph) increase from 2.5 to 3.42 mA cm−2upon increasing of the light intensity from 25 to 100 mW.cm−2, respectively. Moreover, theJphrecorded an optimum value of 3.33 mA cm−2at 390 nm, which decreased to 2.09 mA cm−2at 490 nm and increased again to 3.13 mA cm−2at 636 nm. The optoelectronic photodetector exhibited an optimum incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 10.7% at 390 nm. The photoresponsivity (R) and detectivity (D) were determined to be 107 mA cm−2and 3.38 × 1010Jones, respectively. Finally, a simple mechanism was proposed to account for the response of the prepared optoelectronic devices to the photon flux. Soon, our team will work on design an optoelectronic device that can be applied in the industrial field through the high technology device such as cameras and aircrafts for light detection.
pH‐sensitive folic acid/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) functionalized MnFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotubes for release of a natural anticancer agent: Chlorogenic acid
Authors: Ezami Flora , Miralinaghi Mahsasadat , Heydarinasab Amir , Moniri Elham
Published: August 2022

Despite promising features of chlorogenic acid (CGA) as an antioxidant and anticancer agent, short pharmacological half‐life constrains its application in cancer treatment. This work was aimed at developing a new nanocarrier with pH‐sensitive release behavior for CGA. In this direction, a porous nanohybrid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/MnFe2O4/single‐walled carbon nanotube–folic acid (PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA) was prepared by in situ coprecipitation of manganese and iron salts in the oxidized SWCNT suspension, followed by wrapping of PVP and then conjugating of FA on the magnetic SWCNTs. Afterward, the nanohybrid was loaded with CGA to form a carrier. The PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray diffraction, FE‐SEM/energy dispersive X‐Ray analysis spectroscope, TGA, and BET, confirming a well‐defined porous structure consisting of numerous functional groups. The CGA loading was carried out through the adsorption process. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min at pH 5.0. The experimental adsorption data showed an excellent nonlinear correlation coefficient with the simplified Elovich kinetic model and two‐step isotherm model. The CGA release was studied in simulated normal physiological fluid (pH 7.4) and simulated acidic tumor fluid (pH 5.6) over 6 h. The release rate from CGA loaded PVP/MnFe2O4/SWCNT–FA achieved 79.5% at pH 5.6, which was much higher than at pH 7.4 (37.2%), reflecting the acidic medium could markedly improve drug release. In addition, the Peppas–Sahlin model was more appropriate than the Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models to describe CGA release kinetics from the nanocarrier. In vitro cell viability studies indicated that PVP/MnFe2O4–SWCNT–FA had better biocompatibility in comparison with SWCNTs. Our findings indicate that the designed magnetic nanocarrier has acceptable performance to be used as a pH‐sensitive drug system with low toxicity for targeted drug delivery applications.
A systematic review of whether COVID‐19 randomized controlled trials reported on demographic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Pak Joyce , Lund Jennifer L. , Keil Alexander , Westreich Daniel , Stürmer Til , Wohl David , Farel Claire , Drummond M. Bradley , Webster‐Clark Michael
Published: August 2022

Purpose

We aim to assess the reporting of key patient‐level demographic and clinical characteristics among COVID‐19 related randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

We queried English‐language articles from PubMed, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and the CDC library of gray literature databases using keywords of “coronavirus,” “covid,” “clinical trial” and “randomized controlled trial” from January 2020 to June 2021. From the search, we conducted an initial review to rule‐out duplicate entries, identify those that met inclusion criteria (i.e., had results), and exclude those that did not meet the definition of an RCT. Lastly, we abstracted the demographic and clinical characteristics reported on within each RCT.

Results

From the initial 43 627 manuscripts, our final eligible manuscripts consisted of 149 RCTs described in 137 articles. Most of the RCTs (113/149) studied potential treatments, while fewer studied vaccines (29), prophylaxis strategies (5), and interventions to prevent transmission among those infected (2). Study populations ranged from 10 to 38 206 participants (median = 100, IQR: 60–300). All 149 RCTs reported on age, 147 on sex, 50 on race, and 110 on the prevalence of at least one comorbidity. No RCTs reported on income, urban versus rural residence, or other indicators of socioeconomic status (SES).

Conclusions

Limited reporting on race and other markers of SES make it difficult to draw conclusions about specific external target populations without making strong assumptions that treatment effects are homogenous. These findings highlight the need for more robust reporting on the clinical and demographic profiles of patients enrolled in COVID‐19 related RCTs.
Pulmonary medication adherence among children and adults with cystic fibrosis: Is there an association with disease severity?
Authors: Hatziagorou Elpis , Manika Katerina , Kyrvasili Syrmo Styliani , Kotoulas Serafeim Chrysovalantis , Chrysochoou Elisavet Anna , Kouroukli Eleana , Sionidou Maria , Tsanakas John
Published: August 2022

Background

Adherence to pulmonary medication is pivotal in delaying the progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Further exploring the consequences of poor adherence and its impact on disease severity may be valuable to personalize CF treatment strategy.

Aim

To evaluate indicators of disease severity among children and adults with CF and investigate which of them are related to pulmonary medication adherence.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study. Data of children and adults followed up in one pediatric and one adult CF Unit were evaluated over 4 years. Disease severity was assessed by measuring body mass index (BMI), lung function, history of pulmonary exacerbations, and medication complexity. Adherence was assessed by calculating a 12‐month medication possession ratio (MPR) for each pulmonary medication and then averaged for a composite MPR (cMPR) for each patient. Regression analysis was performed to explore the association of adherence with disease severity.

Results

Ninety‐five patients were included in our study, 52 children and 43 adults. The overall cMPR was 0.74 (SD = 0.25); 0.68 (SD = 0.24) for children and 0.81 (SD = 0.24) for adults. Adults presented higher adherence, with overall mean cMPR 0.81 (SD = 0.24) compared to children with mean cMPR 0.68 (SD = 0.24) (p < 0.05, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.03). Adherence was inversely related to FEV1% predicted (β = −0.002, 95% CI = −0.004 to 0, p = 0.023) and FVC% predicted (β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.005 to −0.001, p = 0.006) in regression analysis. Adherence was not found to be associated with BMI, history of exacerbations and medication complexity. The analysis of each medication showed that adherence to Dornase‐alpha, Tobramycin and Colomycin was significantly related to specific disease severity indicators.

Conclusion

An overall moderate to high level of adherence was found among our study population. Adults presented higher adherence compared to children. FEV1% and FVC% predicted were related to a significant decrease in adherence. Among our group of CF patients with an overall moderate to high level of adherence, adherence to pulmonary medication was inversely related to disease severity.
The evergreen process hazard analysis: An essential next step
Authors: Olsen Jody E.
Published: August 2022

The evergreen process hazard analysis (PHA) is an essential next step in hazard identification, risk analysis, and process safety risk management. The evergreen PHA addresses weaknesses in PHA practices that allow the facility PHA to degrade and become out‐of‐date during the periods between 5‐year revalidations. This degradation in the PHA has the potential to elevate safety risk in the facility. This paper outlines prerequisites and initial steps that support moving to evergreen PHA. Initial steps include developing the document flow process, establishing triggering events, and defining the PHA protocol for interim PHA studies. A phased approach for implementing evergreen PHA is outlined. Challenges and barriers, real and perceived, are discussed along with solutions. The implementation of a well‐designed and maintained evergreen PHA process not only supports better awareness of hazards within the facility but also allows for continual improvement of the PHA. Five‐year revalidation efforts may be reimagined and refocused to be more effective and to use resource time more efficiently. These benefits can ultimately contribute to safer and more reliable operations.
Identification and characterization of CYP307A1 as a molecular target for controlling the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida
Authors: Wu Lixian , Li Liangbin , Xu Yajing , Li Qiang , Liu Fang , Zhao Hongxia
Published: August 2022

Background

The molting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays a key role in insect development, metamorphosis, and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that ecdysteroid metabolism is regulated by a series of CYP genes in most of the insect species. However, the roles of these CYP genes in a Coleopteran beetle, Aethina tumida (small hive beetle, SHB) have not yet been explored.

Results

In the current study, we identified seven CYP genes (six Halloween genes and one AtCYP18A1 gene) related to 20E metabolism. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) showed that AtCYP307A1 and AtCYP307B1 were primarily expressed in the embryonic stage and in the cephalothorax of larvae. RNA interference (RNAi) screening revealed that suppression of AtCYP307A1 expression caused a lethal phenotype during the larval–pupal metamorphosis. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of the integument showed that the RNAi of AtCYP307A1 inhibited the apolysis and degradation of the old cuticle. In addition, silencing of AtCYP307A1 resulted in significant down‐regulation of 20E titers and the expression levels of 20E signaling pathway genes. Finally, the AtCYP307A1 RNAi phenotype was rescued by topical application of 20E.

Conclusion

Our studies suggest that AtCYP307A1 involved in 20E synthesis is indispensable during the larval–pupal metamorphosis of beetles, which could serve as a putative insecticide target for pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Training in the protocol for robotic undocking for life emergency support (RULES) improves team communication, coordination and reduces the time required to decouple the robotic system from the patient
Authors: Fabrício Pereira de Almeida Thiago , Esteves Chaves Campos Marcelo , Romanelli de Castro Pedro , Paim Carvalho Garcia Diego , Junger Giselle , de Faria e Silva Raphael , Câmara de Rezende Daniel , Augusto de Vasconcellos Santos Fernando
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Robotic surgery has expanded on it's surgical application and it is also noted an increase in surgical procedures complexity. Occurrence of emergency situations that require conversion of the minimally invasive access route to open access routes is uncommon. The urgent undocking of the robotic platform is a complex and neglected process in robotic surgery training.

Objective

To establish specific actions and comands for a safe emergency robotic undocking in a simulation environment.

Method

Two surgical teams, interventional group (IG) and control group (CG), were submitted to a simulation environment in which there was a need for emergency undocking of the robotic system. The intervention group underwent training with the robotic undocking for life emergency support (RULES) protocol.

Result

Undocking time of the robotic platform from the IG was reduced by 66% and the CG by only 20%. After RULES protocol training, during the second simulation, the IG acquired more critical actions necessary for emergency undocking and developed more non‐technical skills.

Conclusion

The RULES protocol proved to be effective, promoting an improvement in technical and non‐technical skills of all surgical team menbers, resulting in more effective actions that resut in a coordinated and faster robotic undocking. It is also concluded that the surgeon and bed side surgeon are the key elements for the efficient robotic system undocking in emergency situations.
AOSRV: Development and preliminary performance assessment of a new robotic system for autonomous percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Huang Junshen , Xing Tong , Cheng Ziying , Lu Shixin , Li Ming , Liang Yuwei , Huang Jiajun , Liao Zhuangyao , Su Kaihui , Wen Guoming , Liang Changchun , Che Zhen , Chen Enming , Chen Jiarui , Zhu Shengxiao , Sun Donghui , Li Yuxi , Huang Lin
Published: August 2022

Background

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is one of the most effective treatments for patients with vertebral fracture that need surgical treatment, and surgical robotics are promising tools to provide surgeons with improved precision, surgical efficiency and reduce radiation exposure. However, there are currently few robotics that are developed to help assist with PVP.

Methods

A new spinal surgical robotic system ‘AOSRV’ for autonomous vertebral puncture and bone cement injection was designed and customised in this study. To investigate its practical abilities and the advantages, we performed single‐segment/double‐segment PVP simulation surgeries on pig spinal specimens manually and using AOSRV.

Results

By contrast with the freehand group (FG) in single‐segment (SS)/double‐segment (DS) surgery, the robotic group (RG) was superior in the operation time (RGSS = 21.14 ± 4.11 min, FGSS = 33.17 ± 6.83 min; RGDS = 42.39 ± 7.31 min, FGDS = 62.86 ± 20.39 min), puncture adjustments (RGSS = 2.30 ± 1.77, FGSS = 14.86 ± 5.46; RGDS = 3.91 ± 1.76, FGDS = 20.00 ± 7.76), intraoperative fluoroscopies (RGSS = 4.10 ± 1.52, FGSS = 20.57 ± 5.44; RGDS = 7.82 ± 1.40, FGDS = 25.91 ± 7.23) and bone cement leakage rate (RGSS = 30%, FGSS = 71.4%; RGDS = 38.6%, FGDS = 83.3%).

Conclusions

AOSRV was successfully developed and had a promising preliminary performance. An innovative attempt was made for the blank space of the autonomous vertebroplasty surgical robotics, and it may shed a light on more promising applications in the future.
Assessing reservoir effect on water quality in the Missouri River basin using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model
Authors: Chen Pan , Li Wenhong
Published: August 2022

The flow regimes of the Missouri River Basin (MORB) have been significantly altered by hundreds of large and small reservoirs distributed throughout the basin. However, the impacts of these reservoirs on water quality dynamics have not been systemically studied. Therefore, we applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate how these reservoirs would affect sediment and nutrient loads in the MORB. Calibration and validation of the model indicated that the simulated streamflow and water quality at each gauge site across the MORB was in agreement with observation. Results showed that sediment and nutrient export in the MORB would be significantly reduced by the reservoirs. The mean annual total suspended sediment (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) loads at the outlet of MORB were reduced by 11.9%, 7.6%, and 14.6%, respectively between 1997 and 2016. In addition, many small reservoirs could have an equivalent reduction effect on sediment and nutrient loads at the outlet as a large one due to similar trapping effects of these reservoirs and the weakening effect along the channel. Moreover, reservoirs near the mouth of the river reduced more TSS than those located in the upper watershed. But they made slightly less TN and TP reductions than those upstream ones because of not at the source area of the nutrients. These results suggested that reservoirs had substantial effects on water quality in the MORB, and the effects varied with the reservoirs' size and location.
Psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership as vital enhancers of personal hope and resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Siami Sahar , Gorji Mohammadbagher , Martin Angela
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects of supportive leadership and psychosocial safety climate on personal hope and resilience among nurses during the pandemic. Conservation of resource theory was employed to explain the effects of psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership on nurses' hope and resilience. A cross‐sectional design was employed to collect data. Six‐hundred and twenty‐three nurses across 68 hospitals who were in direct contact with COVID‐19 patients during the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iran were recruited. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) and Structural Equation Modelling using Amos were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that both psychosocial safety climate and supportive leadership improved personal resilience through personal hope. Findings showed that the positive relationship between supportive leadership and personal hope was stronger when the hospital‐level psychosocial safety climate was high. To improve personal hope and resilience among nurses during critical times, hospital management must ensure consistent supportive leadership and establish policies, practices and procedures that support nurses' psychosocial health and safety at the hospital level.
Psychological and somatic symptoms among breast cancer patients in four European countries: A cross‐lagged panel model
Authors: Roziner Ilan , Perry Shlomit , Dahabre Rawan , Bentley Gabriella , Kelada Lauren , Poikonen‐Saksela Paula , Mazzocco Ketti , Sousa Berta , Karademas Evangelos C. , Simos Panagiotis , Pettini Gretta , Oliveira‐Maia Albino J. , Mattson Johanna , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth ,   BOUNCE Consortium
Published: August 2022

Psychological and physical health among women with breast cancer are linked. However, more research is needed to test the interrelations between psychological and somatic symptoms, over time and throughout the different phases of breast cancer treatment, to determine when and which interventions should be prioritized. Six hundred and eighty nine women from four countries (Finland, Israel, Italy and Portugal) completed questionnaires during their first clinical consultation following diagnosis with breast cancer, and again after 3 and 6 months. The questionnaires included self‐reported measures of psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form) and somatic symptoms [selected items from the International European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires]. Psychological and somatic symptoms were relatively stable across the three time‐points. Cross‐lagged paths leading from somatic to psychological symptoms (beta coefficients of 0.08–0.10), as well as vice‐versa (beta 0.11–0.12), were found to be significant. No evidence was found for cross‐cultural differences in mutual effects of psychological and somatic symptoms. The findings of this study call for tailoring personal interventions for breast cancer patients—either from a somatic perspective or a psychological perspective—and adjust them to the specific experiences of the individual patient.
Artificial Interphase Layer for Stabilized Zn Anodes: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Qihui , Su Yiwen , Shi Zixiong , Yang Xianzhong , Sun Jingyu
Published: August 2022

The burgeoning Li‐ion battery is regarded as a powerful energy storage system by virtue of its high energy density. However, inescapable issues concerning safety and cost aspects retard its prospect in certain application scenarios. Accordingly, strenuous efforts have been devoted to the development of the emerging aqueous Zn‐ion battery (AZIB) as an alternative to inflammable organic batteries. In particular, the instability from the anode side severely impedes the commercialization of AZIB. Constructing an artificial interphase layer (AIL) has been widely employed as an effective strategy to stabilize the Zn anode. This review specializes in the state‐of‐the‐art of AIL design for Zn anode protection, encompassing the preparation methods, mechanism investigations, and device performances based on the classification of functional materials. To begin with, the origins of Zn instability are interpreted from the perspective of electrical field, mass transfer, and nucleation process, followed by a comprehensive summary with respect to functions of AIL and its designing criteria. In the end, current challenges and future outlooks based upon theoretical and experimental considerations are included.
Attitude Determination in Space with Ambient Light Sensors using Machine Learning for Solar Cell Characterization
Authors: Reb Lennart K. , Böhmer Michael , Predeschly Benjamin , Spanier Lukas V. , Dreißigacker Christoph , Meyer Andreas , Müller-Buschbaum Peter
Published: August 2022

Exploration of novel thin‐film solar cell technologies outreaches for their application in space. For extraterrestrial tests, irradiance conditions must be well determined to extract quantitative solar cell performances. Here, a new method for solar position determination is presented, based on parallelized ambient light sensor measurements is presented obtained from the sounding rocket experiment Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells In Space during the MAPHEUS‐8 mission. The solar position evolution is optimized using stochastic and gradient‐based methods in a Bayesian approach. Comparison with independent positioning estimates shows compelling agreement, lying mostly within 5° deviation. The inclusion of a simple Earth irradiation component mitigates a small systematic offset. Further, solution uncertainties are estimated with Monte‐Carlo Markov‐chain sampling. The point‐source irradiation model's accuracy can compete with that of a camera‐based trajectory. During equatorial Sun positions, the method's precision appears even higher––the 1σuncertainty of the derived solar position is as small as 3° for the effective angular deviation. This simple sensor array triangulation method being complementary to other attitude determination methods shows reasonable accuracies and allows implementation in systems of limited computational capabilities to determine the solar position or irradiance conditions for space or terrestrial solar cell applications.
Distributed energy resource management systems—DERMS: State of the art and how to move forward
Authors: Strezoski Luka
Published: August 2022

Due to an ever‐increasing rise in proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), the paradigm of passive electrical distribution networks is shifting toward active distribution systems. This new environment introduces a plethora of challenges that cannot be managed by traditional tools, whose utilization could compromise the reliability and efficient operation of distribution feeders. This article systematically reviews state of the art in different DERs management software solutions available today. Additionally, it establishes distinguished roles and responsibilities of different levels of hierarchy in distinct solutions that are all commonly called DERs management systems—DERMS (e.g., fully centralized versus fully decentralized DER management solutions). Lastly, it offers a viewpoint on the directions that hold potential for the power system community and industry to explore for further developments of more robust and intelligent DERMS, to successfully enable efficient transition into a new era of clean and sustainable power systems, encompassing active and dynamically changing distribution circuits.

This article is categorized under:

Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization

Energy and Power Systems > Distributed Generation

Energy and Power Systems > Energy Management
The relevance of gunshot residues in forensic science
Authors: Minzière Virginie Redouté , Gassner Anne‐Laure , Gallidabino Matteo , Roux Claude , Weyermann Céline
Published: August 2022

Gunshot residues (GSR) are routinely exploited by forensic scientists in the investigation of firearm‐related events. While many new techniques are daily reported in the literature for the analysis of GSR, there is still a significant lack of data on the transfer, persistence, and prevalence of GSR. Such fundamental knowledge is essential to fully exploit the information potential of GSR for investigation or in Court. This article provides an overview of the relevant questions related to GSR, more particularly to infer about the trace's origin (i.e., is it from a firearm discharge?) and the activity that caused transfer (e.g., primary, secondary, or subsequent transfer). GSR production and composition will be briefly described, considering both inorganic and organic components. Then, the available knowledge about the primary transfer, the secondary transfer, and the persistence of GSR will be outlined, as well as the prevalence (background level) of the targeted elements and/or compounds in the environment, more particularly on the hands of people unrelated to firearm incidents. Finally, the methods developed for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of GSR will be discussed. A holistic approach combining fundamental forensic science knowledge about GSR transfer, persistence, and prevalence together with other available information is discussed as a path forward to increase the relevance and value of the GSR trace in practice.

This article is categorized under:

Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence

Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence

Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Explosive Analysis
Mononuclear Lanthanide Complexes: Energy‐Barrier Enhancement by Ligand Substitution in Field‐Induced DyIIISIMs
Authors: Gao Yu , Yang Peipei , Hu Yiye , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhu Xinxin , Liu Yalin
Published: August 2022

Four mononuclear complexes were synthesized through simple self‐assembly reactions, [Dy(L1)2(NO3)H2O](1), [Tb(L1)2(NO3)MeOH](2), [Ho(L1)2(NO3)H2O] ⋅ 5.5H2O(3)(HL1=4‐bromo‐2‐((quinolin‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenol), and [Dy(L2)2(NO3)H2O](4)(HL2=2,4‐dibromo‐6‐((quinolin‐8‐ylimino)methyl)phenol). They are characterized by their structures and magnetic properties. The magnetic data show that the Dy clusters all have obvious frequency‐dependent magnetic behavior and slow magnetic relaxation effects. The complex1under an external dc field with the anisotropic barrier of 14.41 K and pre‐exponential factorτ0=2.70×10−6 s, the complex4under an external dc field with the anisotropic barrier of 64.36 K and pre‐exponential factorτ0=2.38×10−7 s.
International Students in Open, Distance, and Digital Higher Education
Authors: Mittelmeier Jenna
Published: August 2022

International students are a group of rising prominence in open, distance, and digital higher education, although there is, at present, limited systematic data about their numbers worldwide. International students in open, distance, and digital education occupy an interesting “third space,” whereby they commonly remain within their home environment and surroundings while simultaneously studying from an institution-based abroad. This means that many of the lenses used to frame and categorize international students in face-to-face settings – mobility, visas, and citizenship – are found problematic in online distance settings. This chapter reflects on these issues to outline complexities in categorizing international students in open, distance, and digital higher education and the ways that their experiences may be distinct from international students who are geographically mobile. The chapter ends with a reflection on gaps in current research and suggestions for researchers who include international students in their work.
Harnessing S-duality in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM & supergravity as SL(2, ℤ)-averaged strings
Authors: Collier Scott , Perlmutter Eric
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We develop a new approach to extracting the physical consequences of S-duality of four-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) and its string theory dual, based on SL(2, ℤ) spectral theory.

We observe that CFT observables 𝒪, invariant under SL(2, ℤ) transformations of a complexified gauge couplingτ, admit a unique spectral decomposition into a basis of square-integrable functions. This formulation has direct implications for the analytic structure of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM data, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively in all parameters. These are especially constraining for the structure of instantons:k-instanton sectors are uniquely determined by the zero- and one-instanton sectors, and Borel summable series aroundk-instantons have convergence radii with simplek-dependence. In largeNlimits, we derive the existence and scaling of non-perturbative effects, in bothNand the ‘t Hooft coupling, which we exhibit for certain$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM observables. An elegant benchmark for these techniques is the integrated stress tensor multiplet four-point function, conjecturally determined by [1] for allτfor SU(N) gauge group; we elucidate its form, and explain how the SU(2) case is the simplest possible observable consistent with SL(2, ℤ)-invariant perturbation theory.

These results have ramifications for holography. We explain how$$ \left\langle \mathcal{O}\right\rangle $$O, the ensemble average of 𝒪 over the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetric conformal manifold with respect to the Zamolodchikov measure, is cleanly isolated by the spectral decomposition. We prove that the largeNlimit of$$ \left\langle \mathcal{O}\right\rangle $$Oequals the largeN, large ‘t Hooft coupling limit of 𝒪. Holographically speaking,$$ \left\langle \mathcal{O}\right\rangle $$O= 𝒪sugra, its value in type IIB supergravity on AdS5× S5. This result, which extends to all orders in 1/N, embeds ensemble averaging into the traditional AdS/CFT paradigm. The statistics of the SL(2, ℤ) ensemble exhibit both perturbative and non-perturbative 1/Neffects. We discuss further implications and generalizations to other AdS compactifications of string/M-theory.
Holographic Schwinger effect and electric instability with anisotropy
Authors: Li Si-wen , Luo Sen-kai , Li Hao-qian
Published: August 2022

Abstract

According to the gauge-gravity duality, we systematically study the Schwinger effect and electric instability with anisotropy in a top-down holographic approach. The anisotropic black brane and bubble (soliton) background in IIB supergravity are employed and the dual theories in these backgrounds are expected to be anisotropic theory at finite temperature and anisotropic theory with confinement respectively. Then performing the potential analysis, we find due to the anisotropy, the potential barrier behaves oppositely with parallel and perpendicular electric fields, and this behavior agrees with the previous study about the quark potential with anisotropy in this system. Afterwards, we evaluate the pair production rate by solving the equation of motion for a fundamental string numerically which reveals the consistent behavior with the potential analysis. Furthermore, the probe D7-brane as flavor is introduced into the bulk in order to investigate the electric instability. The vacuum decay rate can be obtained by evaluating the imaginary part of the D7-brane action which again agrees with our potential analysis. Solving the associated constraint of gauge field strength on the flavor brane, we finally obtain the V-A curve displaying the distinct behavior of the conductivity in parallel and perpendicular direction which is in agreement with some bottom-up and phenomenologically holographic approaches in anisotropic fluid. Accordingly, we believe this work may be remarkable to study the electric features in strongly coupled anisotropic system.
Radiative effects in the scalar sector of vector leptoquark models
Authors: Houtz Rachel , Pagès Julie , Trifinopoulos Sokratis
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Gauge models with massive vector leptoquarks at the TeV scale provide a successful framework for addressing the B-physics anomalies. Among them, the 4321 model has been considered as the low-energy limit of some complete theories of flavor. In this work, we study the renormalization group evolution of this model, laying particular emphasis on the scalar sector. We find that, despite the asymptotic freedom of the gauge couplings, Landau poles can arise at relatively low scales due to the fast running of quartic couplings. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and characterize the fine-tuning associated with the hierarchy between the electroweak scale and the additional TeV-scale scalars. Finally, the idea of scalar fields unification is explored, motivated by ultraviolet embeddings of the 4321 model.
An accurate evaluation of electron (anti-)neutrino scattering on nucleons
Authors: Ricciardi Giulia , Vignaroli Natascia , Vissani Francesco
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We discuss as accurately as possible the cross section of quasi-elastic scattering of electron (anti-)neutrinos on nucleons, also known as inverse beta decay in the case of antineutrinos. We focus on the moderate energy range from a few MeV up to hundreds of MeV, which includes neutrinos from reactors and supernovae. We assess the uncertainty on the cross section, which is relevant to experimental advances and increasingly large statistical samples. We estimate the effects of second-class currents, showing that they are small and negligible for current applications.
IR/UV mixing, towers of species and swampland conjectures
Authors: Castellano Alberto , Herráez Alvaro , Ibáñez Luis E.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

By applying the Covariant Entropy Bound (CEB) to an EFT in a box of size 1/ΛIR one obtains that the UV and IR cut-offs of the EFT are necessarily correlated. We argue that in a theory of Quantum Gravity (QG) one should identify the UV cutoff with the ‘species scale’, and give a general algorithm to calculate it in the case of multiple towers becoming light. One then obtains an upper bound on the characteristic mass scale of the tower in terms of the IR cut-off, given by Mtower ≲ $$ {\left({\Lambda}_{\mathrm{IR}}\right)}^{2{\alpha}_D} $$

Λ
IR

2

α
D

in Planck units, with αD = (D − 2 + p)/2p(D − 1), where p depends on the density of states. Identifying the IR cut-off with a (non-vanishing) curvature in AdS one reproduces the statement of the AdS Distance Conjecture (ADC), also giving an explicit lower bound for the α exponent. In particular, we find that the CEB implies α ≥ 1/2 in any dimension if there is a single KK tower, both in AdS and dS vacua. However values α < 1/2 are allowed if the particle tower is multiple or has a string component. We also consider the CKN constraint coming from avoiding gravitational collapse which further requires in general α ≥ 1/D for the lightest tower. We analyse the case of the DGKT-CFI class of Type IIA orientifold models and show it has both particle and string towers below the species scale, so that a careful analysis of how the ADC is defined is needed. We find that this class of models obey but do not saturate the CEB. The UV/IR constraints found apply to both AdS and dS vacua. We comment on possible applications of these ideas to the dS Swampland conjecture as well as to the observed dS phase of the universe.
Holographic Schwinger-Keldysh field theory of SU(2) diffusion
Authors: Bu Yanyan , Sun Xiyang , Zhang Biye
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We construct effective field theory for SU(2) isospin charge diffusion, based on holographic Schwinger-Keldysh contour [1]. The holographic model consists of a probe SU(2) gauge field in a doubled Schwarzschild-AdS5 geometry. Accurate to first order in derivative expansion, we analytically compute the effective action up to quartic order in dynamical variables. The effective theory contains both non-Gaussianity for noises and nonlinear interactions between noises and dynamical variables. Moreover, the effective theory captures both thermal and quantum fluctuations, which perfectly satisfy dynamical Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) symmetry at quantum level. Interestingly, the dynamical KMS symmetry, which is crucial in formulating non-equilibrium effective field theory for a quantum many-body system, is found to have a nice holographic interpretation.
Adjoint node-based shape optimization of free-floating vessels
Authors: Kühl Niklas , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Palm Michael , Jürgens Dirk , Rung Thomas
Published: August 2022

The paper is concerned with a node-based, gradient-driven, continuous adjoint two-phase flow procedure to optimize the shapes of free-floating vessels and discusses three topics. First, we aim to convey that elements of a Cahn–Hilliard formulation should augment the frequently employed Volume-of-Fluid two-phase flow model to maintain dual consistency. It is seen that such consistency serves as the basis for a robust primal/adjoint coupling in practical applications at huge Reynolds and Froude numbers. The second topic covers different adjoint coupling strategies. A central aspect of the application is the floating position, particularly the trim and the sinkage, that interact with a variation of hydrodynamic loads induced by the shape updates. Other topics addressed refer to the required level of density coupling and a more straightforward—yet non-frozen—adjoint treatment of turbulence. The third part discusses the computation of a descent direction within a node-based environment. We will illustrate means to deform both the volume mesh and the hull shape simultaneously and at the same time obey technical constraints on the vessel’s displacement and its extensions. The Hilbert-space approach provides smooth shape updates using the established coding infrastructure of a computational fluid dynamics algorithm and provides access to managing additional technical constraints. Verification and validation follow from a submerged 2D cylinder case. The application includes a full-scale offshore supply vessel at $$\mathrm{Re} = 3 \times 10^8$$

Re
=
3
×

10
8

and $$\mathrm{Fn} = 0.37$$

Fn
=
0.37

. Results illustrate that the fully parallel procedure can automatically reduce the drag of an already pre-optimized shape by 9–13% within $$\approx\,{\mathcal{O}}$$

≈

O

(10,000-30,000) CPUh depending on the considered couplings and floatation aspects.