bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูกรุงเทพ ค.ศ. 1941-1945: การรักษามนุษยธรรมในภาวะสงคราม
Authors: รัชตพัฒนากุล นิภาพร
Published: December 2024

วัตถุประสงค์: การวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาการดำเนินการของค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูที่จัดตั้งโดยรัฐบาลไทยระหว่างเดือนธันวาคม ค.ศ. 1941 ถึงเดือนสิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1945 เพื่อชี้ให้เห็นว่าค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูได้ดำเนินการรักษามาตรฐานสากลด้านมนุษยธรรมในภาวะสงครามในช่วงเวลานั้นอย่างไร ภายใต้การเป็นพันธมิตรกับรัฐบาลญี่ปุ่นของรัฐบาลไทยในช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 2
วิธีการศึกษา: การวิจัยนี้ใช้ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยทางประวัติศาสตร์ โดยเน้นการเก็บรวบรวมหลักฐานชั้นต้นจากสำนักหอจดหมายเหตุแห่งชาติประเทศไทย หอจดหมายเหตุมหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ คลังข้อมูลดิจิทัลของคณะกรรมการกาชาดระหว่างประเทศ เฉพาะที่สามารถเข้าถึงได้ทางออนไลน์ ประกอบกับหลักฐานประเภทบันทึกความทรงจำส่วนบุคคลของผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้องกับค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูกรุงเทพ โดยได้เรียบเรียงข้อมูลที่ได้เพื่อทำความเข้าใจสถานการณ์ที่เกิดขึ้นในช่วงเวลาที่ศึกษาเพื่อใช้เป็นบริบทในการอ่านวิเคราะห์หลักฐานเชิงลึกและเรียบเรียงเป็นคำอธิบายเพื่อตอบวัตถุประสงค์ของการวิจัย
ผลการศึกษา: ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูกรุงเทพซึ่งจัดตั้งโดยรัฐบาลไทยเมื่อธันวาคม ค.ศ.1941 และปิดตัวลงในเดือนสิงหาคม ค.ศ. 1945 เป็นหนึ่งในค่ายกักกันที่ประยุกต์ใช้มาตรการด้านมนุษยธรรมในภาวะสงครามตามเงื่อนไขพื้นฐานของตน ค่ายแห่งนี้เป็นค่ายแบบผสมที่กักกันทั้งพลเรือนชนศัตรูและเชลยศึกทำให้มีการประสานงานกับทั้งหน่วยงานด้านพลเรือนและการทหาร ตลอดจนการประสานงานกับหน่วยงานด้านการทูตของประเทศผู้คุ้มครองและองค์กรระหว่างประเทศด้านมนุษยธรรม โดยได้ปฏิบัติตามหลักการแห่งอนุสัญญาเจนีวา ค.ศ. 1929 เป็นสำคัญ และจากการดำเนินการร่วมกันระหว่างผู้แทนด้านการทหาร ผู้แทนกระทรวงการต่างประเทศของประเทศไทยและประเทศญี่ปุ่น และผู้แทนจากประเทศผู้รักษาผลประโยชน์และองค์กรระหว่างประเทศ ทำให้ค่ายกักกันชนศัตรูสามารถรักษามาตรฐานสากลด้านมนุษยธรรมในภาวะสงครามไว้ได้
การประยุกต์ใช้: ผลการศึกษาชี้ให้เห็นว่าแม้สงครามจะส่งผลกระทบต่อทั้งทหารและพลเรือน แต่มาตรการในการปกป้องและชดเชยต่อพลเรือนยังคงล้าหลังเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับมาตรการต่อทหาร ผลการศึกษานี้สามารถนำไปออกแบบโครงสร้างการประสานงานระหว่างหน่วยงานด้านการทหารกับพลเรือน ภาครัฐกับเอกชนทั้งของไทยกับต่างประเทศ เพื่อให้สามารถรับมือและรักษามาตรฐานสากลด้านมนุษยธรรมท่ามกลางความขัดแย้งได้ทันที
Evidencias de validez e invarianza factorial de la Escala Multidimensional de Autoeficacia infantil (EMA) en Perú
Authors: Durand Silva Vladimir
Published: December 2024

El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue examinar las evidencias de validez e invarianza factorial de la escala multidimensional de Autoeficacia (EMA) en menores peruanos. Bajo un diseño transversal e instrumental se usó una muestra de 302 alumnos de una institución educativa con edades que oscilaron entre 8 y 15 años obtenidos por un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Entre los resultados principales, por medio del análisis ítem-escala se obtuvo índices de homogeneidad adecuados superiores a .30 a excepción del ítem 3. En cuanto a la estructura factorial, con base en un modelo tridimensional se hallaron óptimos índices de ajuste con cargas factoriales superiores a .40 exceptuando al ítem 3. Con respecto a la confiabilidad por consistencia interna mediante Cronbach y McDonald’s tanto de manera general como a nivel dimensional se obtuvieron buenos valores mayores a .70. Además, se reportó invarianza factorial según género significando este que el modelo tridimensional funciona similarmente tanto en hombre como en mujeres. En conclusión, los datos obtenidos de manera global reflejan buenas propiedades psicométricas del instrumento en la muestra estudiada bajo el enfoque teórico trifactorial, permitiendo esto soslayar la posibilidad de eliminar alguna dimensión o el ítem 3 como tal.
OBJETO OU SUJEITO? REFLEXÕES SOBRE O LUGAR EPISTEMOLÓGICO NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Da Cunha Miranda Ana Cláudia , Colins Fábio , Valim Oliver Gonçalves Terezinha
Published: December 2024

Este artigo é resultante de uma Pesquisa Narrativa, de natureza qualitativa, que teve como objetivo compreender as experiências humanas vividas e relatadas em contextos de formação de professores em serviço. A pesquisa ocorreu em ambiente de formação doutoral de professores que ensinam ciências e matemática, ancorados nos pressupostos da formação continuada como desenvolvimento profissional, sobre o reconhecimento em sermos sujeitos e não objetos no processo formativo e a importância de a formação considerar o convívio em comunidade. Situamos este artigo no paradigma da racionalidade crítica, que adota uma abordagem problematizadora de ensino e busca superar a racionalidade técnica, que se pauta na transmissibilidade de conhecimentos. Propusemos atividades individuais e em grupo que ajudaram a refletir sobre as experiências anteriores, identificando em quais episódios os professores se identificaram na condição de objetos e sujeitos. Como material empírico analisamos aprendizagens listadas pelos professores. Essas aprendizagens correspondem ao que foi dialogado em sala consonante com o processo reflexivo acerca das experiências em que estes docentes se consideraram objetos ou sujeitos no processo formativo. Os dados empíricos foram analisados por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. O foco deste estudo ancora-se nas reflexões destes profissionais e seus desdobramentos sobre o processo de constituição identitária e desenvolvimento profissional, que resultaram na importância de se considerar sujeito tanto no processo formativo quanto nas práxis diária no contexto da sala de aula, passando de objetos para professores críticos, ativos, reflexivos e transformadores da realidade.
ICHKI ISHLAR SOHASI XODIMLARI ORASIDA KASBIY MOTIVATSIYANING O‘RGANILISHI VA UNI ICHKI ISHLAR VAZIRLIGIGA QARASHLI AKADЕMIK LITSЕY O‘QUVCHILARIDAN SHAKLLANTIRISHNING PSIXOLOGIK-PЕDAGOGIK JIHATLARI
Authors: Bеkmuratova Halima
Published: December 2024

In this articlе, thе psychological and pеdagogical aspеcts of thе formation of profеssional motivation among studеnts of thе acadеmic lycеum affiliatеd to thе Ministry of Intеrnal Affairs arе rеvеalеd. That is, it is dеvotеd to thе study of profеssional motivation. a thеorеtical analysis of thе motivation to choosе thе fiеld of intеrnal affairs among lycеum studеnts in thе futurе was carriеd out.
IKKINCHI JAHON URUSHINING IJTIMOIY, IQTISODIY VA DEMOGRAFIK JARAYONLARGA TA’SIRI
Authors: Yakubov O‘tkir
Published: December 2024

The Second World War had a significant impact on demographic processes in Uzbekistan and caused very complex changes in the political, economic and social spheres of life in the country. These changes, in turn, affected the demographic situation in the region. In this article, the author discusses this issue based on the opinion of scientists and analysis of archival data.
A INVERSÃO DO ÔNUS DA PROVA NO CÓDIGO DE DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Amorim Larissa Alves da Silva de
Published: December 2024

O objetivo principal do presente artigo consiste em analisar o benefício da inversão do ônus da prova previsto pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, com o intuito de conceder um maior equilíbrio entre o consumidor, que é a parte mais vulnerável e frágil da relação de consumo, e o fornecedor, que possui o maior conhecido técnico, jurídico e econômico. Como é notório, o ônus da prova é previsto pelo Código de Processo Civil e como regra geral, determinou que cabe ao autor comprovar os fatos constitutivos de seu direito e, por outro lado, cabe ao réu o ônus de comprovar os fatos impeditivos, modificativos e instintivos do direito do autor. Assim, essa regra só poderá ser diferente nos casos em que, por força de lei, o ônus poderá ser invertido, como é o caso do artigo 6º, VIII, do CDC, que traz essa possibilidade, mas apenas mediante preenchidos os requisitos: a verossimilhança das alegações e a hipossuficiência. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca explorar os princípios que norteiam a inversão do ônus da prova no CDC, seus principais requisitos e o momento em que será concedido o benefício à parte requerente.
IMUNOMODULAÇÃO E TERAPIA ANTINEOPLÁSICA A PARTIR DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS DE COGUMELOS: CONTRIBUIÇÕES À CIÊNCIA
Authors: Andrade Leticia Norbie Loureno de , Almeida Karla Soares Pereira , Nogueira Iuri Rodrigues , Lobão Italo da Silva , Santana Ana Clara Menezes de , Nascimento Kelly Raphaelle de Luna Aguiar , Nascimento José Valdemir do
Published: December 2024

Introduction – Mushrooms are fungi with great economic and biomedical importance. In addition to being rich in nutrients, they can help treat diabetes, obesity and hypertension, and offer benefits for mental and antineoplastic treatment. Objectives – The objective of this study was to broadly describe the bioactive components of fungi that are important in antineoplastic treatment. Methods – The present work is an integrative review of databases such as PUBMED, Google Scholar and SciELO in order to understand how these bioactive compounds function as an adjuvant in antineoplastic therapies, complementing conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results and discussion – The articles discussed here, broadly, address the importance of biochemical elements present in fungi such as Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis and Agaricus blazei. Conclusion – Therefore, the process of scientific-theoretical development on immunomodulation and antineoplastic therapy related to bioactive compounds from mushrooms cannot stagnate and it is extremely important that research on this topic is developed in order to improve the theoretical framework.
PEDAGOGIA RESILIENTE: A INTERSEÇÃO ENTRE TECNOLOGIA E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO CONTEXTO DO ANTROPOCENO
Authors: Vianna Pedro Henrique Farias , Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana , Martins Hevelynn Franco , Andrade Nubia Paulo de Costa , Carreiro Vivian de Aparecida Oliveira , Silva Isabelle Cristine Mendes da , Amorim Walter Machado de , Morais Maria Elisa Salazar , Costa Sheila Sousa da , Parente Maíra Santiago Pires , Prazeres Alessandra Patricia Ribeiro dos , Oliveira Cristiane Alves de , Silva Huarlison de Souza , Araújo Marcos Paulo Parente , Dias Livia Gomes Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

Este artigo explora a interseção entre tecnologia e educação ambiental no contexto da pedagogia resiliente, investigando como essas abordagens podem responder aos desafios impostos pelo Antropoceno. O estudo justifica-se pela necessidade urgente de métodos educacionais que integrem inovação tecnológica e conscientização ambiental, capacitando estudantes a enfrentarem crises socioambientais complexas. O objetivo principal é analisar como a pedagogia resiliente, ao aliar tecnologia e práticas educacionais críticas, pode promover um aprendizado mais inclusivo, adaptável e conectado às demandas contemporâneas. A pesquisa é conduzida como uma revisão de literatura, utilizando 16 artigos científicos publicados em língua portuguesa e obtidos por meio da plataforma Google Acadêmico. A análise de conteúdo foi empregada para identificar padrões, lacunas e contribuições na literatura, com foco em conceitos-chave como pedagogia resiliente, tecnologias educacionais e práticas de educação ambiental. Os resultados revelam que a integração de ferramentas tecnológicas e saberes locais contribui para o desenvolvimento de uma educação ambiental mais dinâmica e reflexiva, enquanto a resiliência pedagógica fomenta a capacidade dos estudantes de lidarem com desafios ambientais. Conclui-se que a pedagogia resiliente é uma abordagem promissora, embora desafios como infraestrutura e formação docente demandem atenção. Este estudo contribui ao ampliar o entendimento sobre a importância de práticas educacionais inovadoras no contexto do Antropoceno.
SMARTPHONES E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DAS PRÁTICAS ASG NA INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: de Azevedo Ruffo Renan
Published: December 2024

O artigo intitulado examina a crescente preocupação com a sustentabilidade na indústria de smartphones no Brasil, abordando as práticas ESG (Ambiental, Social e Governança) adotadas pelas principais empresas do setor. Embora haja uma crescente adoção de estratégias sustentáveis, como a Economia Circular, o estudo revela que as práticas ainda são incipientes e apresentam métricas divergentes, dificultando a cooperação entre as empresas. Além disso, o artigo destaca desafios como a transparência na cadeia de suprimentos e a responsabilidade social, enfatizando a necessidade de alinhar as expectativas dos consumidores com as práticas de fabricação, promovendo inovações tecnológicas e mudanças culturais que possibilitem uma transformação mais sustentável do setor.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Musculoskeletal System of Males with Hypogonadism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kazahari Hiroki , Hoshiya Hitoshi , Takahiko Sakamoto , Ochiai Ryusuke
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a standard treatment for men with hypogonadism, characterized by low testosterone levels and associated symptoms. Methods: To identify the impact of TRT on hypogonadism, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies were performed. Three major databases (PubMed, CHAHL, and Web of Science) were searched for publications from May 1, 2010 to May 1, 2024. Results: Twelve articles, including 5,198 patients, were enrolled in the final analysis, with the duration of TRT ranging from 6 to 36 months. TRT increased total, free, and bioavailable testosterone by 7.81 nmol/l (95% CI: 5.77, 9.85; P < 0.001; I2 = 92%), 0.18 nmol/l (95% CI: 0.15, 0.20; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), and 3.57 nmol/l (95% CI: 2.87, 4.27; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), respectively. Body mass index (BMI) increased by 1.17 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.15, 2.19; P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) with an increase in lean body mass (LBM) of 1.58 kg (95% CI: 0.16, 3.00; P = 0.03; I2 = 0%) and a trend of reducing fat mass by 0.82 kg (95% CI: −2.53, 0.88; P = 0.34; I2 = 0%). There were no statistical differences in fracture risk, handgrip strength, or forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, there was no significant difference in lipid metabolism or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. The odds ratio of any grade adverse events of TRT compared with placebo was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.56; P = 0.67; I2 = 59%). Conclusion: TRT is a safe and effective treatment for men with hypogonadism. Long-term use of TRT can improve BMI and LBM, though it does not appear to enhance handgrip strength or BMD. A combined approach of TRT and exercise may be an important strategy for optimizing outcomes.
Curriculum Development For 21st Century Skills: Trends, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Hasibuan Kayalo , Ledy Aisan , Az-Zahra Fathia Zawatha
Published: December 2024

Curriculum development for 21st century skills is becoming an important focus in global education. This article explores key trends such as technology integration, project-based learning and cross-disciplinary approaches. Challenges include limited infrastructure, resistance to change and the need for adequate teacher training. Through literature analysis and case studies, strategic solutions such as policy alignment, collaboration between stakeholders and the adoption of innovative technologies are proposed to overcome these obstacles. This article highlights the importance of a holistic approach in crafting a curriculum that is relevant to the needs of modern society, ensuring students have skills such as critical thinking, collaboration and digital literacy. The findings provide guidance for educators, policymakers and researchers in designing adaptive and sustainable education.
The 4Cs of Great Leadership: How Being Confident, Connected, Committed, and Courageous Lead to Organizational Success
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: December 2024

This article examines four key characteristics of outstanding leaders - confidence, connection, commitment, and courage - that form a synergistic framework for empowering and inspiring people to achieve exceptional organizational performance. Confidence grounds leadership through self-assurance, vision, and trust in employees; connection builds sincere bonds through active listening, recognition, and team-building; commitment to shared values and goals spurs perseverance and resilience; and courage to embrace progressive ideas, challenge the status quo, and own mistakes fosters creativity and innovation. Leaders who exhibit this balanced "4Cs" approach are better equipped to guide their teams to success, even in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments.
Efectividad de un sistema de ejercicios para la enseñanza de la técnica del tzuki en karatecas en iniciación deportiva
Authors: Pérez Pérez Dario Fernando
Published: December 2024

El tzuki es una de las técnicas más básicas y efectivas en el Karate Do, sin embargo, su enseñanza presenta diversas limitaciones en términos de familiarización, reproducción y aplicación para los karatecas de iniciación deportiva. El presente estudio se centró en comprobar la efectividad de un sistema de ejercicios técnicos enfocado en la enseñanza del tzuki a karatecas en fase de iniciación. La investigación adoptó un enfoque mixto, con un alcance experimental y diseño transversal, que incluyó una fase diagnóstica, seguida de la elaboración, evaluación de la propuesta y determinación de la factibilidad a partir de un pre-exprimento. Se emplearon diversos métodos y técnicas para la recolección, análisis y procesamiento de la información, entre los cuales se incluyen el análisis bibliográfico, prueba técnica, medición, modelación, el método sistémico estructural y análisis estadístico. Participaron 22 karatecas de la categoría de iniciación deportiva. Los datos consignados en el diagnóstico demuestran amplias limitaciones en la ejecución del Tsuki, Ataque directo con Tsuki, Ataque indirecto con Tsuli y Acción defensiva utilizando el Tsuki La propuesta elaborada como resultado de la sistematización teórica y los satos derivados del diagnóstico aportó un sistema de ejercicio, métodos, procedimientos y habilidades. La prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, confirma esta mejora, con un valor Z de -4.122 y una significación asintótica de p= 0.000. Estos resultados indican que hay evidencia suficiente para rechazar la hipótesis nula y aceptar la hipótesis alternativa, concluyendo que el sistema de ejercicios ha mejorado efectivamente la enseñanza de la técnica del Tsuki-
El entrenamiento de la flexibilidad activa y pasiva en karatecas juveniles
Authors: Ayala Guillen Hugo
Published: December 2024

El entrenamiento de la flexibilidad activa y pasiva influye de en el Karate do. En concordancia el estudio se centró en comprobar la efectividad de un sistema de ejercicios activos y pasivos para el desarrollo de la flexibilidad de karatecas de 12 a 15 años de academias de Karate de Guayaquil. Se transitó por una fase diagnóstica, de evaluación de la propuesta y validación empírica, esta última con un pre-test, intervención pedagógica y post-tets.  En cada una de las fases se trabajó con 24 karatecas. Se evaluaron dos (2) dimensiones y cuatro indicadores Dimensión (1): Prueba Split frontal/ Split lateral derecho/ Split lateral Izquierdo; Dimensión (2) Prueba flexibilidad coxofemoral (amplitud articular en el Pateo Jodan). Se verifica estadísticamente limitaciones en la flexibilidad de ambas dimensiones, y por edades, el programa se diseñó en virtud de las problemáticas registradas; criterios sobre los cuales se construye la propuesta, los 10 especialistas muestran consenso en cuanto a la calidad del programa “Muy Adecuado” comprobándose (H1). La contrastación del pre-test con pos-test arrojó que los valores de “p”, al ser menor que el valor prefijado (≤ 0,05) permiten comprobar H2, H3, H4 y H5, como resultados del mejoramiento de la flexibilidad; lo que coincide con los resultados de la Prueba de Wilcoxon donde la significación asintótica (bilateral) fue de p=0.000. Esto permite rechazar la hipótesis nula (H0) en favor de la hipótesis alternativa (H1) y platear que “El programa de ejercicios mejora la flexibilidad activa y pasiva, general y especial de los Karatecas juveniles”.
Impacto de la pandemia en la salud mental de estudiantes y docentes: enfoques pedagógicos para la recuperación emocional y académica
Authors: Espín Landázuri Marco Antonio , Carrera López Lorena Cecilia , Carrillo Calderón Sonia Rosana , Romero Silva Nayely Mariana , Quijia Lema Mariana de Jesús , Mendoza Zambrano Edison Ramón
Published: December 2024

La pandemia de COVID-19 alteró profundamente las rutinas diarias y afectó los sistemas sanitarios, económicos y educativos a nivel global. En tal sentido, se ha prestado insuficiente atención a sus efectos sobre la salud mental, especialmente en estudiantes y docentes. El confinamiento prolongado, la transición abrupta a la educación en línea y la incertidumbre general han incrementado los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en ambos grupos. En este marco, esta investigación se centró en un estudio descriptivo de sistematización teórica de la literatura académica reciente sobre el impacto de la pandemia en la salud mental de estudiantes y docentes, examinando los enfoques pedagógicos necesarios para la recuperación emocional y académica. La revisión se realizó a partir de los principales artículos relacionados con los descriptores especificados y criterios de inclusión, resultando en una muestra de 23 artículos relevantes. Los hallazgos indican que la implementación de programas que integran el bienestar emocional en el currículo escolar mejora significativamente la salud mental de estudiantes y docentes. Aquellos que participaron en iniciativas centradas en el bienestar emocional experimentaron mejoras notables en su capacidad para manejar el estrés y la ansiedad. Se observó un aumento en la motivación y el compromiso con el aprendizaje, así como una gestión más eficaz de los síntomas emocionales asociados a la pandemia, como la depresión y el aislamiento social. Al priorizar la salud mental, se fomenta un ambiente de aprendizaje más saludable y productivo, beneficiando tanto a estudiantes como a docentes en su desarrollo personal y profesional
Commentariolus – ztracený a znovuobjevený milník na cestě k heliocentrismu
Authors: Šolc Martin
Published: December 2024

Commentariolus – a „lost and found“ milestone on the way to heliocentrism

The little treatise by Copernicus, commonly known as Commentariolus, is mentioned for the first time in 1514. Handwritten anonymous copies were distributed to a few trusted friends of the author with the aim to earn their opinion about the proposed heliocentric planetary system. The original changed owners as gift and passed through the hands of Joachim Rheticus, Thaddaeus Hagecius, and Tycho Brahe. It was lost but three later copies survived in Vienna, Stockholm, and Aberdeen. The rich fates, content, and significance of this lost and forgotten treatise, the first exemplar of which was found in modern times in 1878, are briefly summarized.
Pýthagorova tabule v raném latinském středověku
Authors: Otisk Marek
Published: December 2024

Pythagorean board in the Early Latin Middle Ages

This paper deals with a useful mathematical tool called ‘mensa pythagorica’ or ‘abacus’. Mathematicians of the Latin Christian West used this tool most extensively from the end of 10th century to the 12th century. This article analyzes two descriptions of this tool in two texts written around the year 1000 and also presents eight images of the abacus from the manuscripts of this epoch – i.e. from the end of the 10th century to the beginning of 12th century.
Proměna českého pivovarnictví v 19. století v obraze vývoje techniky, vědy a technologie a aplikování jeho výsledků v praxi
Authors: Horáček Michal
Published: December 2024

Transformation of the Czech brewery as mirrored in the development of technology, science, and technique and the application of its results in practice in the 19th century

During the 19th century, the Czech brewing industry witnessed a profound transformation from a craft into a real industrial field. Together with the economic, social, and political development of the industry, the technique, research, and the use of inventions changed significantly. Based on several real examples of the phases of brewing’s technological development, the paper describes how changes happened, how new inventions and discoveries found their way into breweries, how they were accepted, and what prospects they presented for the future.
Nově rozluštěný rukopis se zlomky antických pojednání o souhvězdích ze 6. století (Codex Climaci rescriptus)
Authors: Hadravová Alena , Hadrava Petr
Published: December 2024

Newly Deciphered Manuscript with Fragments of Ancient Works on Constellations from the 6th Century (Codex Climaci Rescriptus)

Recent discovery of fragments of Aratus’ and Eratosthenes’ texts on constellations, found in the palimpsest Codex Climaci Rescriptus, are briefly reported.
The dichotomy of students and university teachers of Slovenian descent between academic careers and the expectations of the Slovenian nationalists: From the March revolution to the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy
Authors: Cergol Paradiž Ana , Oset Željko
Published: December 2024

The dichotomy of students and university teachers of Slovenian descent between academic careers and the expectations of the Slovenian nationalists: From the March revolution to the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy

The subject of our research will be a graphical representation of the number of Slovenian students at individual Austrian universities for the period from the second half of the 19th century until the First World War. This will be followed (mainly through biographical method) by the analysis of the complex and ambivalent relationships between (especially natural) scientists of Slovenian descent, whose main professional goal was to successfully function in the academic field, and the Slovenian nationalists, whose long-term goal was to form the Slovenian national identity and the Slovenian nation.
Alma mater Carolo-Ferdinandea bohemica – Alma mater Jagellonica: Mutual inspirations and contacts between Czech Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague and Jagiellonian University in Cracow 1882–1918
Authors: Ďurčanský Marek
Published: December 2024

Alma mater Carolo-Ferdinandea bohemica – Alma mater Jagellonica: Mutual inspirations and contacts between Czech Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague and Jagiellonian University in Cracow 1882–1918

As Charles-Ferdinand University was divided into German and Czech part in 1882, Jagiellonian University in Cracow (together with the other Galician university in Lwow) became the potential allies and inspirations for the Czech part of the university in Prague. The article is focused on the forms of mutual collaboration and influence (for example the questions of language, structure of the university and relationship with scientific academies) in the frames of the “nationalization of scientific knowledge” conception.
Nádory u Rokitanského a Virchowa – vznik nového paradigmatu v medicíně
Authors: Hrudka Jan
Published: December 2024

Tumours in works of Carl Rokitansky and Rudolph Virchow – a new paradigm in medicine

The aim of this historical-epistemological study is to research the theories and classifications of malignant tumours in various periods of human medicine, concentrated on systematic treatises of two great simultaneously working pathologists of 19th century, Carl Rokitansky in Vienna and Rudolph Virchow in Berlin. The study illustrates the transformation in overall conception of the essence, nature and cause of cancerous disease, starting with a review of works by Carl Rokitansky (1804–1878), who understood cancer in a different way than contemporary biology. Rokitansky understood tumorous tissue as sediments of an unknown morbid substance, which was said to be produced excessively by the sick body. In this concept we can see some remnants of ancient humoral pathology. By contrast, Rokitansky’s contemporary Rudolph Virchow (1821–1902) formulated and established the cell theory (“omnis cellula cellula”) and described cancer as a mass of pathologically excessively dividing. He also explained the origin of tumour metastases as “daughters” of the original primary tumour, which grow from solitary dropped off tumour cells, like an embryo growing from a single fertilized egg. Virchow has firmly established the principal method of thinking in theoretical and clinical oncology to this day.
The study seeks the roots of the cell theory and considers the success of this theory in the light of sociomorphic modelling. The idea of cells as “cooperating of an organism-state” originated in the century of civil emancipation and democracy.
Josef Stepling v archivu Royal Society
Authors: Smolka Josef
Published: December 2024

Joseph Stepling in the Royal Society Archive

The relations between the Royal Society and Bohemian scientists were not too wide in the history. That is why a letter discovered in the Archive of the Royal Society is quite surprising. In April 1755, the Prague Jesuit Joseph Stepling informs James Short, fellow of the Royal Society, about an unusual natural phenomenon – falling meteorites – occurred in July 1753 near the town Tabor in the South Bohemia.
Utilization Of Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) As An Active Ingredient In The Production Of Natural Liquid Soap
Authors: Januarti Melinda , Husni Patihul , Christiningtyas Eryani Mikhania
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, many people are paying attention to the benefits of natural soap because it is believed to be gentler on the skin and environmentally friendly. This research aims to determine the formulation of natural liquid soap with the addition of dragon fruit peel extract that is effective and meets the requirements. The method used is an experimental method by formulating a natural liquid soap containing 0.5% dragon fruit peel extract as the active ingredient and adding cocamid-DEA as a foam stabilizer in variations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The tests conducted include organoleptic tests, pH tests, foam height tests, viscosity tests, and skin condition tests. Research shows that the natural liquid soap produced has characteristics of a reddish-purple color, a distinctive scent, and varying consistency depending on the concentration of cocamid-DEA added, where F3 has the highest viscosity at 528.9 mPa, F2 at 525.7 mPa, and F1 at 428.9 mPa. From the pH testing results, F1 has a pH of 8, while F2 and F3 have a pH of 9. In the foam height test, all formulas met the soap foam height requirement of 1.3-22 cm. The first formulation of natural liquid soap with the addition of dragon fruit peel extract as an active ingredient, based on organoleptic tests, pH tests, viscosity, and foam height tests, produced the best results and met the requirements.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN AS A PROPHYLACTIC INTERVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Akbar Saima , Nida khan  , Shaheen Riffat , Amina Noor ul , Rehman Fatima , Tahir Naila
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine the efficacy of low dose aspirin in prevention of hypertensive disorder in pregnant women.
Methods; This Descriptive Study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 1st October 2019 to 30th March 2020. A total of 177 pregnant women having high risk for hypertensive disorder were included in the study. All patients were prescribed aspirin 75 mg once daily till 37 weeks of gestational age. Efficacy as per operational definition was noted.
Results: Age range in this study was from 18 to 35 years with mean age of 29.559±2.54 years, mean gestational age 13.355±1.39 weeks, mean weight 73.113±13.30 Kg, mean height 73.113±13.30 meters and mean BMI was 29.609±4.89 Kg/m2. Efficacy was seen in 74% patients.
Conclusion: This study has concluded that low-dose aspirin can prevent preeclampsia and early-preeclampsia.
FREQUENCY OF MAXILLOFACIAL FRACTURES IN PEDRIATIC PATIENTS, PRESENTING WITH TRAUMA TO HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX PESHAWAR
Authors: Fahimuddin  , Muhammad Sardar , Qayyum Zahid , Khan Muhammad Masood
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Children with facial trauma have 5% incidence of facial bone fractures. Children having facial trauma differs from their adult counterparts. The physiology and growth of facial bones in children may alter the treatment plans.  
Objectives
To find out the frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fracture among children presenting to Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.
Materials and Methods
The present descriptive study was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial surgery department Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Overall, 159 cases were included in the study from January 2021 till December 2022 using a non-probability consecutive sampling method. Verbal and written informed consent of the patients was taken for their inclusion in study.
Results
Out of the total 159 patients, 109 (68.6%) were males and 50 (31.4%) were females. The mean age of the was 9.4 ± 3.73 SD. Among the facial fractures, dentoalveolar fractures were most commonly seen; in 63 (39.6%) patients, followed by mandibular fracture in 48 (30.2%), nasal bone fracture in 20 patients (12.6%).
Conclusion
 Dentoalveolar fracture was most common in pediatric facial fractures. Children of school going age should be counseled regarding preventive strategies e.g. wearing of mouth guards and other protective devices during play time. Children and their parents or guardians should receive proper training in taking preventive measures
PATTERN OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN 0 TO 28 DAYS INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Sadiq Faizan , Shah Syed Mohsin Ali , Khan Asfandyar , Nisar Shahana , Iqbal Muhammad , Khan Arooj
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To determine the frequency of patterns of congenital heart disease in 0 to 28 days infants of diabetic mothers.
Study design: Cross Sectional Study
Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the department of pediatrics, Mardan Medical Complex Mardan from 10th October 2022 to 10th April 2023.
Methods: A total of 152 neonates born to diabetic mothers and reported with congenital heart disease were included in the study. All neonates were sent to department of pediatric cardiology for echocardiographic evaluation. Data regarding patterns of congenital heart disease was recoded. Descriptive analysis was done by applying frequency and percentages.
Results: The Mean±SD of age in this study was 7.934±3.53 days with an age range of 0 to 28 days. Male patients were 61.8% while females were 38.2%. Patent ducts arteriosus was the commonest congenital heart disease 49 (32.2%) followed by Patent foramen ovale 44 (28.9%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 21 (13.8%) and atrial septal defect 16 (10.5%), ventricular septal defect 10 (6.58%), transposition of great arteries 7 (6.50%) and tetralogy of fallot 5 (3.28%).
Conclusion: Patent ducts arteriosus was the commonest pattern of congenital heart disease followed by patent foramen ovale, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defect and others in infants of diabetic mother. Postnatal echocardiography screening programs for CHD for early diagnosis and management can help to reduce morbidity and mortality in these infants.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF SUPRASCAPULAR NOTCH IN DRIED BONES, AND ITS MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS.
Authors: Haq Anwar-Ul , Din Shahab-Ud- , Naheed Siddiqui  , Faiza Nadeem  , Rizwan Ul Haq  , Khan Muhammad Taus
Published: December 2024

Objectives:This study aimed to see variations in shapes and sizes of the suprascapular notch as these characteristics may be the root cause of nerve compression in medicolegal cases and to explore its potential medicolegal implications for identification in mass disasters.
Methods:In this study, 102 dried human bones were selected. The scapulae were examined for changes in morphology in shape. By using a digital vernier caliper, the vertical (VD) and transverse dimensions (TD) of the notch were measured.
Results:There were 43 scapulae with a 'J' shape (39.1%), 35 scapulae with 'U' shape (31.81%), 10 'V' shaped (9.00%), eight cases of indentation (7.27%), five cases of absence (4.54%), four cases of partial STSL ossification, and five cases of full ossification. After excluding the scapulae with indentation and incomplete ligament ossification, the findings were also classified according to Natsis. Sixty-six scapulae (67.34%) had Type II, 14 scapulae (14.28%) had Type III, five (5.1%) had Type IV, and none (0.0%) had Type V. Five (5.1%) of the scapulae were Type I. 
Conclusion:This study has revealed several types of suprascapular notches. Since anatomical variances are frequent throughout the population, clinicians and medicolegal experts must have a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the suprascapular notch before making diagnosis and organizing surgical procedures for suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. The findings also provide  insights into the anatomical variability of the notch, which can be utilized in forensic anthropology and mass disaster victim identification protocols.
Keywords: Suprascapular notch(SSN). Nerve decompression, Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament(STSL), Forensic anthropology, Mass disaster.
COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MISOPROSTOL WITH MANUAL VACUUM ASPIRATION IN TREATING FIRST TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGES
Authors: Naseem Sundas , Akbar Saima , Sumayya  , Fayaz Faiza , Amjid Uzma
Published: December 2024

Background: Medical abortion is a widely accepted and extremely effective procedure of providing abortion services. The findings of this study will be disseminated among healthcare professionals to enhance treatment and suggestions. Additionally, they will be utilised for future research endeavors, such as presentations and article publications.
Objective: The objective is to assess the effectiveness of misoprostol compared to manual vacuum suction in patients experiencing first trimester miscarriages.
Material & Methods: The research was carried at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex, Nowshera, between June 2021 and December 2021. The study participants were allocated to two groups by a random assignment process utilising a lottery approach. Participants in group A received Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA), whereas participants in group B were treated with misoprostol. The effectiveness of the procedure is determined by the lack of any remnants of pregnancy on the fifth day of treatment.
Results: Our results indicate that the mean age of patients in Group A was 30± 7.93 and that of Group B was 31± 7.11. 50 (94%) patients responded well to manual vacuum aspiration; 45 (85%) responded well to misoprostol.
Conclusion: Our research findings indicate that manual vacuum aspiration is more effective than misoprostol in treating miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy.
GENDER AND AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC THYROID LESIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Naz Shazia , Ahmad Mushtaq , Abbas Farhan , Zeb Ahmad , Muhammad Asim , Banori Alia
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine age and gender-wise distribution of the benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 to August 2022, and a total of 100 participants were enrolled in the investigation. Data was collected from the surgical department of Nasser Teaching Hospital Peshawar, encompassing both men and women individuals who had undergone thyroidectomy. Study data was extracted from the department records.
Results: Our study involved 100 post-thyroidectomy patients, ages ranging from 20 to 70 years, comprising 15 males and 85 females. Most of the patients had non-neoplastic lesions.
The most prevalent non-neoplastic lesions were hyperplastic and inflammatory lesions with a higher incidence among females (60.0%). Within the neoplastic group, most of the cases were benign followed by malignant lesions upon microscopic examination.
Conclusion: This study highlights a significant gender and age-related disparity in thyroid lesions. Non-neoplastic conditions, such as hyperplastic thyroid nodules, were more common in females, particularly aged 30 to 50. In contrast, males had a slightly higher occurrence of neoplastic lesions, including malignancies in younger individuals. These findings emphasize the need for early detection and gender-specific strategies in managing thyroid diseases. Further research is required to understand this disparity for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
FREQUENCY OF MENINGITIS IN NEONATES WITH LATE ONSET SEPSIS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Nafis Sana , Akhtar Sohail , Ahmad Furqan , Shaheen Rabbia , Ullah Hameed
Published: December 2024

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatrics department at Syed Children Hospital Mardan from April 2022-23. A (n=210) newborns who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Meningitis was verified and treated according to hospital practice. Data were analyzed through SPSS 26.0. for categorical and continues, chai square and linear regression were used respectively.
Results: In a study of 210 infants, those with meningitis (n=50) were slightly older at diagnosis (16.2 ± 5.8 days) compared to those without (15.0 ± 6.3 days). Clinical symptoms such as poor feeding (80.0% vs. 62.5%, p=0.027) and seizures (40.0% vs. 9.4%, p<0.001) were significantly more prevalent in meningitis cases. Laboratory findings showed higher rates of elevated white blood cell counts (90.0% vs. 65.6%, p<0.001), C-reactive protein (94.0% vs. 73.8%, p<0.001), and positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures (100.0% vs. 0.0%, p<0.001) in the meningitis group. Infants with meningitis had longer hospital stays (30 ± 12 vs. 22 ± 8 days), higher mortality (40.0% vs. 12.5%), and increased risk of neurological sequelae (40.0% vs. 6.3%) compared to those without meningitis. These findings underscore the severity and adverse outcomes associated with infantile meningitis.
Conclusion: Infants with meningitis showed higher rates of clinical symptoms and elevated inflammatory markers compared to those without meningitis. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are crucial to mitigate adverse outcomes in affected infants.
The ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-15 IN AGGRAVATING THE EFFECTS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA IN LOW BMI YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Muhammad Gul , Shakil Muhammad , Khalid Maham , Ain Qurat Ul , Khan Salman , Shah Hakeem
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study exploring

To estimate the levels of IL-1 and IL-15 in the young adults suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) with low BMI. 2. To evaluate and compare the levels of IL-1 and IL-15 with same age and same BMI group without AN.

Methods:  The study design was a descriptive-analytic, conducted over a year i.e from March 2023 to April 2024 at RMI and HMC Medical and Psychiatry OPDs. We enrolled 50 young adults (both males and females) diagnosed with AN and compared them to 50 healthy controls matched by age and BMI. This study assessed levels of IL-1 and IL-15 in young adults (ages 15-30 years) with AN.
Result: Elevated levels of IL-1 and IL-15 were observed in AN patients compared to controls, suggesting these cytokines may disrupt hypothalamic function and neurotransmitter balance, contributing to the anorexic behaviors observed in these patients.  IL-1 and IL-15 were also found to have a bidirectional relationship with stress, aggravating AN symptoms. Our findings suggest that targeting these cytokines could provide new therapeutic strategies.
Conclusion: IL-1 and IL-15 play a significant role in the biological mechanisms underlying AN, influencing appetite, mood, and cognitive function. Incorporating biological treatments into current therapeutic approaches could improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on the immune system’s role in AN to develop novel treatment interventions.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, SLEEP IMPAIRMENTS AND QUALITY OF LIFE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH PAINFUL DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (PDPN) AND NON-PAINFUL NEUROPATHY (NPDPN), KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Ahmad Waleed , Waheed Zainab , Shah Syed Abbas Ali , Alamzeb Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance between patients diagnosed with PDPN (painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy) and NPDPN (non-painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy), KPK, Pakistan.
Methods:  Included 400 persons aged 30-65 diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, conducted at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's tertiary care facilities. The purposive sampling techniques were used. The patients were divided into two groups: 200 with PDPN and 200 with NPDPN. The Demographic Information Sheet, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), WHOQOL-BREF, and Sleep Disturbance Adult Measure were the questionnaires used to collect the data.
Results: In comparison to the NPDPN group, the PDPN patients reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (10.8 ± 3.2, p < 0.001) and depression (Mean ± SD: 11.2 ± 3.4, p < 0.001). The PDPN group experienced more severe sleep deficits (15.4 ± 4.1, p < 0.001). In terms of quality of life, PDPN patients had significantly lower scores in physical health (48.6 ± 12.4p < 0.001), psychological well-being (42.8 ± 11.9, p < 0.001), social relationships (51.3 ± 10.5, p < 0.001), and environment (49.2 ± 12.1, p < 0.001). Inadequate sleep, anxiety, and depression were all significant predictors of quality of life in both groups, with the PDPN group experiencing stronger consequences. These results indicate the patients' worse quality of life and increased psychological burden.
Conclusion: PDPN is linked to psychological distress, sleep problems, and decreased quality of life. Effective management should target both physical and psychological aspects.
Analysis of urban environmental quality using satisfaction index: An empirical assessment of Jashore Pourashava (Municipality), Bangladesh
Authors: Md. Barkat Ali Kazi , Ferdos Jannatul
Published: December 2024

Urbanization in Bangladesh presents numerous challenges, including regional inequality, centralized development, poverty, social stratification, traffic congestion, housing shortages, slum proliferation, and environmental degradation. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of urban environmental quality in Jashore Pourashava (Municipality), Bangladesh, utilizing a satisfaction index to evaluate key socio-economic and environmental dimensions. The findings highlight significant transportation challenges, health issues, and infrastructural inadequacies that collectively diminish residents' quality of life. Health concerns, particularly respiratory illnesses, are exacerbated by environmental factors such as mosquito-borne diseases and water pollution. While most households benefit from government-supplied water and permanent sanitation facilities, critical gaps in education, waste management, and sanitation services lead to widespread dissatisfaction. Additionally, environmental degradation, driven by water contamination and rapid urbanization, contributes to the declining ecological balance. The study underscores the urgent need for coordinated efforts by the government, non-governmental organizations, and local communities to address these socio-economic and environmental deficiencies, with the goal of fostering sustainable urban development and improving living conditions for residents.