bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical interventions that influence the sensory attributes of red wines related to the phenolic composition of grapes: a review
Authors: Harrison Roland
Published: June 2017

The phenolic composition of red wines is complex and intimately involved in colour, taste, mouth‐feel and aroma. There have been significant advances in knowledge of compounds with relatively simple structures, but understanding of those with more complex and probably diverse structures is challenging. A number of phenolic compounds may form temporary complexes with anthocyanins and/or be involved in reactions that lead to relatively stable coloured compounds. A wide range of phenolic compounds is implicated in the oral sensory attributes of red wines. Of particular importance are flavan‐3‐ols, including proanthocyanidins (PAs). The generally observed decline in the extractability of PAs during berry ripening is due to binding with cell wall material, which may occur within the developing berry and also from tissues brought into contact during processing. Studies have shown that exposure/reduced vigour results in an increasing proportion of skin PAs being extractable during wine making. Temperature and light influence anthocyanin with temperature probably being more important and the most sensitive stage being 1–3 weeks after véraison. Skin PAs are extracted earlier than those from seeds during wine‐making. Recent results suggest some rearrangement of skin and/or seed PAs occurs during vinification which involves the cleavage of large polymers or the aggregation of small ones. The polymeric material is particularly influential in wine astringency and is transformed by incorporation of anthocyanins into tannin‐like compounds during wine‐making and storage. Although some grape‐derived phenolic compounds contribute to the aroma of red wines, likely of greater importance are the effects of nonvolatile phenolics on the volatility of a diverse range of aroma compounds. Advances in analytical techniques are likely to provide greater insights into the structures and conformations of phenolic polymers and the role of cell wall material in relation to phenolic extraction and reaction during vinification. In relation to aroma, much more research is required to reveal the details of the interactions involving phenolics with volatile compounds. It seems likely that the ability to influence the relative extraction and subsequent reaction of skin and seed phenolics is important in the production of full colour, aromatic and long‐lived wines.
Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant capacities of polysaccharides obtained from Laminaria japonica by different extraction media in diet‐induced mouse model
Authors: Yao Yujing , Xiang Huan , You Lijun , Cui Chun , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Zhao Mouming
Published: June 2017

This study shows the industrial feasibility of using aqueous methods to produce antioxidative and hypolipidaemic polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica (LJP). Comparison was firstly made among the polysaccharides prepared using different extraction media, that is water alone (LJPW) and citric acid (LJPC), sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. LJPC enabled the highest extract yield (~11% dry weight), bile salt adsorption rate (~59% dry weight), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 1.06 mg mL−1) and ORAC antioxidant activity (341.87 μmol Trolox g−1). In animal trial using diet‐induced high‐fat mice, oral administration of LJP produced with citric acid (LJPC) at a high dose (200 mg kg−1 body mass per day) enabled significantly higher serum HDL‐C, lower LDL‐C/HDL‐C and unaltered LDL‐C, whilst a medium dose (100 mg kg−1 body mass per day) significantly decreased LDL‐C. Administration of LJP produced with water (200 mg kg−1 body mass per day) significantly lowered serum LDL‐C. Therefore, LJP may provide dose‐dependent pharmacological and therapeutic effects to combat atherosclerosis through their hyperlipidaemic and antioxidant properties.
Danish flexicurity: preconditions and future prospects
Authors: Jensen Per H.
Published: June 2017

This article argues that Danish flexicurity is preconditioned by craft unionism that has historically been predominant in the Danish trade union movement. It is furthermore argued that flexicurity was on the verge to disappear when it became famous in the early 2000s, although yet not completely dead.
Assessing and comparing the quality of wound centres: a literature review and benchmarking pilot
Authors: Pruim Lotte , Wind Anke , van Harten Wim H.
Published: June 2017

Multidisciplinary wound centres are currently facing an increase in both the incidence of wounds and the complexity of care. This has resulted in rising costs and increased interest in the effectiveness of treatments. Little evidence is available regarding optimal wound centre organisation and effectiveness; therefore, measuring the quality of wound centres has become more important. This study aims to assess the evidence concerning quality by describing the state of the art of wound centres and organisational effectiveness by developing indicators of quality and by assessing their suitability in a pilot study. A multi‐method approach was used: a literature review performed resulted in the development of an indicator list that was consequently subjected to expert review, and a benchmark study was completed comparing eight wound centres in the Netherlands. We thus provide a description of the relevant state‐of‐the‐art aspects of wound centre organisation, which were multidisciplinary collaborations and standardisation of the organisation of care. In literature, significant patient‐related effects were observed in improved healing rates and decreased costs. A total of 48 indicators were selected. The indicator list was tested by a benchmark study pilot. In practice, the outcome indicators were especially difficult to generate. Six indicators regarding structure, three regarding process and five regarding outcome proved feasible to measure and improve quality of wound centres.
Cordierite glass‐ceramic used for transparent tile glazes
Authors: Peng Chen , Lv Ming , Jing‐Pei Cai , Peng Cheng , Ding Ming‐Jian , Wu Jian‐Qing
Published: June 2017

This study aimed at producing a high transparent and colorless cordierite glass‐ceramic that is used for a tile glaze with a single firing. Crystallization path of glaze, microstructure development, abrasion performance, microhardness, and the transparency of cordierite glass‐ceramic were tested. The results suggested that the high transparency was significantly affected by the number of internal air holes and the crystal scattering loss. The maximum crystalline content of cordierite was nearly 50 wt% at 1200°C. Due to the high crystallization content of cordierite and the bulk crystallization mechanism, the cordierite crystalline glaze has a higher microhardness and abrasion resistance than noncrystalline glaze.
Computer‐Mediated Communication in Intimate Relationships: Associations of Boundary Crossing, Intrusion, Relationship Satisfaction, and Partner Responsiveness
Authors: Norton Aaron M. , Baptist Joyce , Hogan Bernie
Published: June 2017

This study examined the impact of technology on couples in committed relationships through the lens of the couple and technology framework. Specifically, we used data from 6,756 European couples to examine associations between online boundary crossing, online intrusion, relationship satisfaction, and partner responsiveness. The results suggest that participants’ reports of online boundary crossing were linked with lower relationship satisfaction and partner responsiveness. Also, lower relationship satisfaction and partner responsiveness were associated with increased online boundary crossing. The results suggest that men, but not women, who reported greater acceptability for online boundary crossing were more likely to have partners who reported lower relationship satisfaction in their relationships. Implications for clinicians, relationship educators, and researchers are discussed.
Variations in reporting of outcomes in randomized trials on diet and physical activity in pregnancy: A systematic review
Authors: Rogozińska Ewelina , Marlin Nadine , Yang Fen , Dodd Jodie M. , Guelfi Kym , Teede Helena , Surita Fernanda , Jensen Dorte M. , Geiker Nina R.W. , Astrup Arne , Yeo SeonAe , Kinnunen Tarja I. , Stafne Signe N. , Cecatti Jose G. , Bogaerts Annick , Hauner Hans , Mol Ben W. , Scudeller Tânia T. , Vinter Christina A. , Renault Kristina M. , Devlieger Roland , Thangaratinam Shakila , Khan Khalid S. ,   for the i‐WIP (International Weight Management in Pregnancy) Collaborative Group
Published: June 2017

Aim

Trials on diet and physical activity in pregnancy report on various outcomes. We aimed to assess the variations in outcomes reported and their quality in trials on lifestyle interventions in pregnancy.

Methods

We searched major databases without language restrictions for randomized controlled trials on diet and physical activity‐based interventions in pregnancy up to March 2015. Two independent reviewers undertook study selection and data extraction. We estimated the percentage of papers reporting ‘critically important’ and ‘important’ outcomes. We defined the quality of reporting as a proportion using a six‐item questionnaire. Regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting this quality.

Results

Sixty‐six randomized controlled trials were published in 78 papers (66 main, 12 secondary). Gestational diabetes (57.6%, 38/66), preterm birth (48.5%, 32/66) and cesarian section (60.6%, 40/66), were the commonly reported ‘critically important’ outcomes. Gestational weight gain (84.5%, 56/66) and birth weight (87.9%, 58/66) were reported in most papers, although not considered critically important. The median quality of reporting was 0.60 (interquartile range 0.25, 0.83) for a maximum score of one. Study and journal characteristics did not affect quality.

Conclusion

Many studies on lifestyle interventions in pregnancy do not report critically important outcomes, highlighting the need for core outcome set development.
Toward a Cognitive View of Signalling Theory: Individual Attention and Signal Set Interpretation
Authors: Drover Will , Wood Matthew S. , Corbett Andrew C.
Published: June 2017

Research on organizational signalling tends to focus on the effects of isolated or congruent signals, assuming highly rational responses to those signals. In this study, we theorize about the cognitive processes associated with the attention paid to and interpretation of multiple, often incongruent signals that organizations send to consumers, financiers, and other stakeholders who make organizational assessments. Contributing a cognitive perspective of signal attention and interpretation, alongside the introduction of signal sets, we provide a more complete picture of how organizational signalling unfolds in the field. Our research opens new frontiers for future inquiry into the cognitive foundations of signal attention, multi‐signal interpretation, and incongruent signals.
Renal telemedicine through video‐as‐a‐service delivered to patients on home dialysis: A qualitative study on the renal care team members’ experience
Authors: Ditchburn Jae‐Llane , Marshall Alison
Published: June 2017

Background

The Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust in the UK has been providing renal care through video‐as‐a‐service (VAAS) to patients since 2013, with support from the North West NHS Shared Infrastructure Service, a collaborative team that supports information and communication technology use in the UK National Health Service.

Introduction

Renal telemedicine offered remotely to patients on home dialysis supports renal care through the provision of a live high‐quality video link directly to unsupported patients undergoing haemodialysis at home. Home haemodialysis is known to provide benefits to patients, particularly in making them more independent. The use of a telemedicine video‐link in Lancashire and South Cumbria, UK, further reduces patient dependence on the professional team.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to present the perspectives of the renal care team members using the renal telemedicine service to understand the perceived benefits and issues with the service.

Method

Ten semi‐structured interviews with members of the renal care team (two renal specialists, one matron, two renal nurses, one business manager, one renal technical services manager, two IT technicians and one hardware maintenance technician) were conducted. Thematic analysis was undertaken to analyse the qualitative data.

Results

A range of incremental benefits to the renal team members were reported, including more efficient use of staff time, reduced travel, peace of mind and a strong sense of job satisfaction. Healthcare staff believed that remote renal care through video was useful, encouraged concordance and could nurture confidence in patients. Key technological issues and adjustments which would improve the renal telemedicine service were also identified.

Conclusion

The impact of renal telemedicine was positive on the renal team members. The use of telemedicine has been demonstrated to make home dialysis delivery more efficient and safe. The learning from staff feedback could inform development of services elsewhere.
A New Covariance Function and Spatio‐Temporal Prediction (Kriging) for A Stationary Spatio‐Temporal Random Process
Authors: Subba Rao T. , Terdik Gyorgy
Published: June 2017

Consider a stationary spatio‐temporal random process
and let
be a sample from the process. Our object here is to predict, given the sample,
for all t at the location so. To obtain the predictors, we define a sequence of discrete Fourier transforms
using the observed time series. We consider these discrete Fourier transforms as a sample from the complex valued random variable
. Assuming that the discrete Fourier transforms satisfy a complex stochastic partial differential equation of the Laplacian type with a scaling function that is a polynomial in the temporal spectral frequency ω, we obtain, in a closed form, expressions for the second‐order spatio‐temporal spectrum and the covariance function. The spectral density function obtained corresponds to a non‐separable random process. The optimal predictor of the discrete Fourier transform
is in terms of the covariance functions. The estimation of the parameters of the spatio‐temporal covariance function is considered and is based on the recently introduced frequency variogram method. The methods given here can be extended to situations where the observations are corrupted by independent white noise. The methods are illustrated with a real data set.
Literature and Science in Enlightenment Britain: New Directions
Authors: Drury Joseph
Published: June 2017

Despite predictions of its impending doom in the late 1970s, the field of literature and science continues to flourish, especially among scholars of eighteenth‐century British literature. This essay identifies four main areas of research in this field: poetry and performance, fiction, new ontologies, and politics and gender. It argues that although scholars continue to study the influence of scientific ideas on literary texts, the most ambitious new work explores the relationship between science and literature through the analysis of shared rhetorical practices and common epistemological and ontological structures.
Neuropilin‐1 regulated by miR‐320 contributes to the growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhu Huaqiang , Jiang Xian , Zhou Xu , Dong Xuesong , Xie Kai , Yang Chuncheng , Jiang Hongchi , Sun Xueying , Lu Jun
Published: June 2017

Background & Aims

Neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) activates signalling pathways as multifunctional co‐receptors in cancer cells. However, its role and how it is regulated by miRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not yet been investigated.

Methods

The expression of NRP‐1, miR‐320 and key molecules involved in cell proliferation, migration and related signalling pathways were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and qRT‐PCR. Stable transfectants depleted of NRP‐1 were generated. The regulatory effect of miR‐320 on NRP‐1 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and migration were examined. Xenograft tumour models were established to assess tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis.

Results

Cholangiocarcinoma tissues expressed higher levels of NRP‐1 than adjacent normal biliary tissues, and its expression negatively correlated with miR‐320. NRP‐1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase by upregulating p27, and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2; and reduced cell migration by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. NRP‐1 depletion suppressed tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis in experimental animals. Depletion of NRP‐1 inhibited the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2, EGF/EGFR and HGF/c‐Met pathways stimulated by respective ligands. MiR‐320 negatively regulated the expression of NRP‐1 by binding to the 3′‐UTR of NRP‐1 promoter, and miR‐320 mimics inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and the growth of established tumours in animals by downregulating NRP‐1.

Conclusions

The present results indicate that NRP‐1 is negatively regulated by miR‐320, and both of them may be potentially therapeutic targets for CCA.
Inventing Tradition: Webern's Piano Variations in Early Recordings
Authors: Cook Nicholas
Published: June 2017

Webern's Piano Variations Op. 27 were first performed two years before the outbreak of the Second World War, but it was only after the war – and in very different aesthetic and ideological circumstances – that a performance tradition developed. Through a combination of computer‐assisted close reading and contextual analysis of the first movement, this article traces the competing stylistic and ideological directions of early performances – one deriving from the pre‐war tradition of the Schoenberg circle, the other from the European avant‐garde associated with Darmstadt andDie Reihe– and the processes of negotiation through which a more or less consensus interpretation emerged around the end of the 1960s. My aims are to explore ways in which empirical approaches can be deployed for musicological purposes, to relate recorded performances to their historical contexts and to link the story of Op. 27 to the development of music‐theoretical approaches that see performance as a function of compositional structure. Key recordings on which the article is based are presented online as Sonic Visualiser session files coordinated with the text.
Impact of end‐stage renal disease in children on their parents
Authors: Baek Hee Sun , Park Ki‐Soo , Ha Il Soo , Kang Hee Gyung , Cheong Hae Il , Park Young Seo , Lee Joo Hoon , Cho Hee Yeon , Cho Min Hyun
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study was designed to investigate the impact of paediatric end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on parents, based on the PedsQL Family Impact Module (FIM), and the relationship to the quality of life (QOL) of paediatric ESRD patients measured by PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module.

Methods

We performed a cross‐sectional study using Korean translations of the PedsQL FIM and the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module. In all, 79 patients were enrolled, including 47 children receiving dialysis and 32 children who underwent renal transplant.

Results

FIM scores, analyzed for every category according to treatment modality, were significantly lower in haemodialysis (HD) than in peritoneal dialysis (PD) or renal transplant patients. Mother's age, duration since diagnosis of ESRD and the existence of comorbidity were variables to have significant effects on FIM scores. The correlation between total FIM and QOL scores of paediatric patients were significant, in both parent‐proxy and child‐self report.

Conclusions

The PedsQL FIM appears to be a useful tool for the assessment of family impact on children with ESRD. Further prospective studies focused on the QOL of parents and caregivers should be performed with the goal of improving clinical outcomes for paediatric ESRD patients.
Co‐integration Rank Determination in Partial Systems Using Information Criteria
Authors: Cavaliere Giuseppe , De Angelis Luca , Fanelli Luca
Published: June 2017

We investigate the asymptotic and finite sample properties of the most widely used information criteria for co‐integration rank determination in ‘partial’ systems, i.e. in co‐integrated vector autoregressive (VAR) models where a sub‐set of variables of interest is modelled conditional on another sub‐set of variables. The asymptotic properties of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC) are established, and consistency of BIC and HQC is proved. Notably, the consistency of BIC and HQC is robust to violations of weak exogeneity of the conditioning variables with respect to the co‐integration parameters. More precisely, BIC and HQC recover the true co‐integration rank from the partial system analysis also when the conditional model does not convey all information about the co‐integration parameters. This result opens up interesting possibilities for practitioners who can now determine the co‐integration rank in partial systems without being concerned about the weak exogeneity of the conditioning variables. A Monte Carlo experiment based on a large dimensional data generating process shows that BIC and HQC applied in partial systems perform reasonably well in small samples and comparatively better than ‘traditional’ methods for co‐integration rank determination. We further show the usefulness of our approach and the benefits of the conditional system analysis in two empirical illustrations, both based on the estimation of VAR systems on US quarterly data. Overall, our analysis shows the gains of combining information criteria with partial system analysis.
Subpontic osseous hyperplasia: report of two cases
Authors: Kapopoulou F. , Tosios K.I. , Vasilas A. , Kalyvas D.
Published: June 2017

Subpontic osseous hyperplasia is a non‐neoplastic growth of bone under the pontics of fixed partial dentures, whose pathogenesis is unknown. It is considered a common, not well‐known and under‐diagnosed lesion. Its clinical and radiographic features are diagnostic, and its recognition will help avoid diagnostic or therapeutic procedures unnecessary to the patients. We present two cases of subpontic osseous hyperplasia and discuss its differential diagnosis and current concepts on pathogenesis and management.
Clinical recognition of pacemaker battery depletion and automatic reprogramming
Authors: Sinha Sunil K. , Chrispin Jonathan , Barth Andreas , Rickard John “Jack” , Spragg David D. , Berger Ronald , Calkins Hugh , Tomaselli Gordon , Marine Joseph E.
Published: June 2017

All contemporary pacemakers undergo automatic reprogramming upon reaching elective replacement indication due to battery depletion. The majority of such reprogramming will result in changes to both pacing mode and pacing rate. The exact software reprogramming varies considerably among pacemaker manufacturers and may even vary among models of the same manufacturer. Accordingly, it is essential for healthcare providers managing pacemaker patients to have a detailed understanding of the automatic reprogramming seen at elective replacement indication as well as their potential physiological and clinical consequences.
‘We are this hybrid’: Members’ search for organizational identity in an institutionalized public–private partnership
Authors: Reissner Stefanie C.
Published: June 2017

There has been significant scholarly interest in organizational hybridity, the combination of multiple institutional logics in one entity. However, the extant research has mainly studied the implications for organizations and individuals, neglecting the challenges for organizational members as a collective. To mitigate, this article examines how members of a British institutionalized public–private partnership grapple with the question of what their organization may be, highlighting the confusion they are experiencing and their attempts to overcome it. Drawing on the concept of organizational identity (theorized as the outcome of collective sensemaking), the analysis identifies two mechanisms that recursively connect the organization and its members. Relational positioning draws on possible configurations of institutional logics and associated identity resources while discursive framing captures members’ hopes and expectations. The main contribution of this article is a better understanding of collective sensemaking in hybrid organizations in the light of institutional complexity.
Automatic Illumination‐Invariant Image‐to‐Geometry Registration in Outdoor Environments
Authors: Kehl Christian , Buckley Simon J. , Viseur Sophie , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Howell John A.
Published: June 2017

Image‐to‐geometry registration is the basis of many applications for texturing and interpreting 3D surface models. Feature‐based matching is an established, automatic approach which creates 2D–3D correspondences based on salient points and their radiometric neighbourhood. This paper presents an experimental approach for assessing the accuracy of several matching algorithms in challenging imaging environments that are subject to significant outdoor illumination variations. Furthermore, a collection of accuracy assessment metrics and quality heuristics emerge from the presented approach to guide a user during the examination of registration results. As a result of the experiments, two novel salient point descriptor matching combinations outperform the standard scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) operator on the task of image‐to‐image and image‐to‐geometry registration under varying illumination conditions.
Equation Level Matching: An Extension of the Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansion for Problems of Wave Propagation
Authors: Faria L. M. , Rosales R. R.
Published: June 2017

We introduce an alternative to the method of matched asymptotic expansions. In the “traditional” implementation, approximate solutions, valid in different (but overlapping) regions, are matched by using “intermediate” variables. Here we propose to match at the level of the equations involved, via a “uniform expansion” whose equations enfold those of the approximations to be matched. This has the advantage that one does not need to explicitly solve the asymptotic equations to do the matching, which can be quite impossible for some problems. In addition, it allows matching to proceed in certain wave situations where the traditional approach fails because the time behaviors differ (e.g., one of the expansions does not include dissipation). On the other hand, this approach does not provide the fairly explicit approximations resulting from standard matching. In fact, this is not even its aim, which is to produce the “simplest” set of equations that capture the behavior.
The influence of lateral topographic confinement on fluvial channel‐belt clustering, compensation and connectivity – lower Wasatch Formation and Dakota Sandstone, Utah, USA
Authors: Pisel Jesse R. , Pyles David R. , Kirschbaum Mark A.
Published: June 2017

Fluvial channel‐belt clustering has recently been documented using quantitative metrics for systems dominated by autogenic controls. It has long been recognized that allogenic forcing (tectonic and eustatic controls) can lead to confinement of fluvial systems, resulting in clustering of channel belts. To date, no study has quantitatively documented the differences in channel‐belt clustering, compensational stacking of channel belts and interchannel‐belt connectivity in unconfined and confined systems. This study quantitatively compares world‐class outcrops of an unconfined fluvial system (Palaeocene lower Wasatch Formation) with outcrops of a confined fluvial system (Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone). Two new methods have been developed to quantitatively document channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity. These new methods, and other previously developed methods, are used to document an increase in channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity downdip in both systems. Additionally, it was found that channel belts within the unconfined system stack more compensationally than those in the confined system. These new methods and empirical relationships can be used for predicting intrachannel‐belt connectivity, and accurately modelling unconfined and confined fluvial systems in the subsurface.
Contradictory Logics in Asset‐building Discourse: Habits, Identities and Discipline
Authors: Feldman Guy
Published: June 2017

Asset‐building as an anti‐poverty policy emphasizes helping the poor to save and accumulate wealth so as to promote future financial well‐being. This article focuses on how asset‐building discourse is practiced at the frontlines and its implications for how workers come to address issues of poverty. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study of a matched savings programme in the USA, the study finds that asset‐building discourse as enacted by workers is fundamentally contradictory: it promotes the idea that the poor can acquire financial literacy, but simultaneously works to discipline the poor to thoughtlessly save out of habit. More priority is placed on inculcating the habit of saving rather than teaching economically rational decision‐making. These findings indicate that asset‐building is consistent with a neo‐liberal outlook that focuses on disciplining the poor to be market compliant irrespective of whether their participation in market‐based activities effectively addresses the challenges of living in poverty.
Emerging Political Identities? Gun Ownership and Voting in Presidential Elections*
Authors: Joslyn Mark R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. , Baggs Michael , Bilbo Andrew
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The attitudes of gun owners and nongun owners appear more polarized in the last two decades. We posit that divisions between gun owners and nongun owners reflect emerging political identities, especially among gun owners.

Methods

Using data from the General Social Survey (1972–2012) we examine if and when this gun ownership divergence began to shape the political behavior of the two groups by analyzing voting patterns in presidential elections.

Results

We first observe that relative to conventional predictors of vote choice, gun ownership is important, reliable, and robust across election cycles. Since the 1970s, possessing a firearm increases the likelihood of voting for Republican candidates. Second, we find that the impact of gun ownership on the likelihood of voting for a Republican candidate increased across elections, reaching a level in 2012 nearly 50 percent higher than in 1972. The voting choices of gun owners and nonowners are therefore distinct and increasingly so over the past several decades.

Conclusions

Given the significant proportion of the electorate who owns guns, the prominence of guns in social and political culture, and the weight of gun lobbies in political affairs, the growing divide between gun owners and nonowners will likely continue and significantly impact electoral politics. Gun owners are developing a powerful political identity that rivals other groups' characteristics in its ability to predict voting behavior.
Field level digital mapping of soil mineralogy using proximal and remote‐sensed data
Authors: Nagra G. , Burkett D. , Huang J. , Ward C. , Triantafilis J.
Published: June 2017

Primary (e.g., quartz) and secondary (clay) minerals are key factors determining the physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Understanding spatial distribution of minerals at the field scale would, therefore, be of potential benefit for soil management. However, current analysis requires time‐consuming laboratory procedures and computational quantification analysis (e.g., SIROQUANT). Furthermore, mineral composition (e.g., quartz, kaolinite, illite and expandable clay minerals) must sum to 100. We aimed to add value to laboratory data by developing multiple linear regression (MLR) relationships between mineralogy and ancillary data such as digital numbers (DNs) (i.e., Red [R], Green [G] and Blue [B]) acquired from remotely sensed air‐photographs and soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa – mS/m) measured from proximal sensing electromagnetic (EM) instruments (i.e., EM38 and EM31). To account for composition, we compare results from the MLR approach with those from additive log‐ratio (ALR) transformation of mineralogy prior to MLR modelling. This approach together with various ancillary data and trend surface parameters (i.e., scaled Easting and Northing) has greater precision and less bias of prediction than the MLR approach using untransformed data. Our approach also enables predictions to sum to 100. We conclude that the most useful ancillary data to predict the abundance of quartz, kaolinite and illite are B DNs and EM31, while expandable clays are best predicted with R DNs, EM38 and scaled Northing. The use of ancillary data to map mineralogical components combined with ALR‐MLR is an effective approach, with resulting maps providing insights into soil and water management issues consistent with farmer experience.
Four new HLA class I alleles, HLA‐A*02:681, HLA‐A*30:111, HLA‐A*68:164 and HLA‐B*35:01:46
Authors: Sánchez‐Gordo F. , Balas A. , Gomez‐Zumaquero J. M. , Vicario J. L.
Published: June 2017

Four new HLA class I alleles, HLA‐A*02:681, HLA‐A*30:111, HLA‐A*68:164 and HLA‐B*35:01:46 were described in Spaniards.
Linked lives and constrained spatial mobility: the case of moves related to separation among families with children
Authors: Thomas Michael J , Mulder Clara H , Cooke Thomas J
Published: June 2017

Following considerable social and demographic change over the past six decades, macro‐social theories have attempted to explain contemporary society through trends of weakening traditional institutions (e.g. state, church and family) and certainties (e.g. life‐long full‐time work and marriage) and growing self‐articulation, individualisation, destandardisation and uncertainty. At the same time, new theories and discourses on population movement have emerged, in which emphasis is placed on mobility as both an empowering personal choice and a dominant process of modernity. The contemporary ubiquity of separation, and the corresponding rise of single‐person and lone‐parent households, is often proposed as one of the clearest articulations of instability, individualisation and weakening of the family. However, through regression‐based modelling of geocoded British Household Panel Survey data, we use the compelling case of moves related to separation among families to demonstrate how: (1) links between related individuals can simultaneously trigger, shape and constrain (im)mobility; (2) linked lives can intersect in important ways with social, institutional and geographical structures; and (3) linked post‐separation (im)mobility outcomes can often contradict individually‐stated pre‐separation preferences. Controlling for a range of multilevel characteristics, we find significant gender distinctions, with fathers more likely to leave the family home than mothers, and mothers less likely to break with post‐separation familial proximity than fathers. Structural factors including housing‐market geographies and population density are found to further shape these (im)mobility patterns. Together, our empirical analysis suggests that family dissolution will rarely herald a period of heightened individualisation, self‐determination and unencumbered mobility. Indeed, a wider appreciation of the rise of non‐traditional households, their complex linked lives and associated constraints could contribute to more realistic explanations of modern (im)mobility patterns and processes.
U.S. Quantitative Easing Policy Effect on TAIEX Futures Market Efficiency
Authors: Huang Han Ching , Su Yong Chern , Chen Wei-Shen
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the market efficiency of the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) Futures after the announcement of Quantitative Easing (QE) policy. Order imbalance is used to explore the relationship between return and order imbalance. We find that under the unconditional OLS model, lagged order imbalances almost have no significantly positive predictive power for current return. Nonetheless, on the trading day after the announcement of QE 1 policy, one-minute interval data show that the lagged order imbalance has predictive power for current return. Under the conditional OLS model, the reversed relation between current return and lagged order imbalance is not universal; on the other hand, after the announcement of QE 2 policy, the reversed relation between current return and lagged order imbalance is more common. Moreover, under volatility-GARCH (1, 1), one-minute interval data shows significantly positive relation between order imbalance and volatility.
Personality Traits and Psychological Symptoms of Music and Art Students
Authors: Yöndem Sadık , Yöndem Zeynep Deniz , Per Meral
Published: June 2017

The qualities of artists and musicians have attracted the attention of personality psychologists and researchers studying creativity. Artistic activities are considered by some to be therapeutic, and may offer a buffer effect on psychological health. On the other hand, research has occasionally revealed a positive relationship between creativity and psychological disorders when it comes to artistic activities. This study aims to investigate the personality traits and psychological symptoms of art and music students, and to make comparisons between different fields of art. The present research was planned as a descriptive and comparative study. The participants consisted of 245 university students (79 male, and 166 female), including 120 music and 125 art students. The Big Five Inventory, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and a Personal Information Form were administered to all participants. The Mann-Whitney U test, a descriptive analysis method, was used to test if students from the two fields of art differed according to their personality traits and psychological symptoms. The results showed that the students from both fields of art had a similar range of scores for the five domains of personality traits: extroversion, openness to new experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. The study revealed that neuroticism in the music students and conscientiousness in art students were found to be significantly higher. As for psychological symptoms, the music students' scores on total symptom disorder, anxiety, and negative self-concept factors were found to be significantly higher than that of art students. The results of the study were discussed by drawing upon relevant literature.
In vivo analysis of synaptic activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons unravels the efficacy of excitatory inputs
Authors: Yarden‐Rabinowitz Yasmin , Yarom Yosef
Published: June 2017

Key points

Cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons can be classified into four groups according to their action potential (AP) waveform, corresponding to four types of neurons previously characterized.

Half of the APs are generated by excitatory events, suggesting that excitatory inputs play a key role in generating CN outputs.

Analysis of post‐synaptic potentials reveals that the probability of excitatory inputs generating an AP is 0.1.

The input from climbing fibre collaterals is characterized by a pair of synaptic potentials with a distinct interpair interval of 4.5 ms.

The probability of climbing fibre collaterals initiating an AP in CN neurons is 0.15.

It is commonly agreed that the main function of the cerebellar system is to provide well‐timed signals used for the execution of motor commands or prediction of sensory inputs. This function is manifested as a temporal sequence of spiking that should be expressed in the cerebellar nuclei (CN) projection neurons. Whether spiking activity is generated by excitation or release from inhibition is still a hotly debated issue. In an attempt to resolve this debate, we recorded intracellularly from CN neurons in anaesthetized mice and performed an analysis of synaptic activity that yielded a number of important observations. First, we demonstrate that CN neurons can be classified into four groups. Second, shape‐index plots of the excitatory events suggest that they are distributed over the entire dendritic tree. Third, the rise time of excitatory events is linearly related to amplitude, suggesting that all excitatory events contribute equally to the generation of action potentials (APs). Fourth, we identified a temporal pattern of spontaneous excitatory events that represent climbing fibre inputs and confirm the results by direct stimulation and analysis on harmaline‐evoked activity. Finally, we demonstrate that the probability of excitatory inputs generating an AP is 0.1 yet half of the APs are generated by excitatory events. Moreover, the probability of a presumably spontaneous climbing fibre input generating an AP is higher, reaching a mean population value of 0.15. In view of these results, the mode of synaptic integration at the level of the CN should be re‐considered.
A Reforma de Lutero: uma releitura ecumênica
Authors: Wolff Elias
Published: June 2017

A Reforma de Lutero configurou novos modos de ser cristão e ser Igreja com implicações para todo o cristianismo. Isso requer uma hermenêutica ecumênica da Reforma, o que aqui se faz analisando as relações entre as igrejas católica e luterana. O objetivo é compreender o que da Reforma pode ser hoje recebido pelas duas tradições eclesiais, na especificidade de cada uma. Os resultados apresentam
católicos e luteranos como coherdeiros da Reforma de Lutero naquilo que mantém a Igreja fiel à sua origem, Cristo, partilhando a fé comum e testemunhando o Evangelho no mundo.
Trabajo e historicidad en la teología de Marie Dominique Chenu
Authors: Espinosa Molina Dumar Iván
Published: June 2017

La historia, elemento fundamental del cristianismo por la dinámica misma de la encarnación, fue relegada a un segundo plano por la teología abstracta de la neoescolástica. Contrariamente a tal teología, el padre Marie- Dominique Chenu, O. P. (1895-1990) atiende al dato revelado y al nuevo contexto social en la predicación del Evangelio. Su teología crece en la tradición de la Iglesia al tiempo que es consciente de las problemáticas que aquejan a la sociedad industrializada. El artículo propone el concepto de “función concienciadora de la historicidad en la teología” como clave interpretativa de las investigaciones medievales y contemporáneas de Chenu
Forcing Boundary-Layer Transition on a Single-Element Wing in Ground Effect
Authors: Roberts Luke S. , Finnis Mark V. , Knowles Kevin
Published: June 2017

The transition from a laminar to turbulent boundary layer on a wing operating at low Reynolds numbers can have a large effect on its aerodynamic performance. For a wing operating in ground effect, where very low pressures and large pressure gradients are common, the effect is even greater. A study was conducted into the effect of forcing boundary-layer transition on the suction surface of an inverted GA(W)-1 section single-element wing in ground effect, which is representative of a racing-car front wing. Transition to a turbulent boundary layer was forced at varying chordwise locations and compared to the free-transition case using experimental and computational methods. Forcing transition caused the laminar-separation bubble, which was the unforced transition mechanism, to be eliminated in all cases and trailing-edge separation to occur instead. The aerodynamic forces produced by the wing with trailing-edge separation were shown to be dependent on trip location. As the trip was moved upstream the separation point also moved upstream, this led to an increase in drag and reduction in downforce. In addition to significant changes to the pressure field around the wing, turbulent energy in the wake was considerably reduced by forcing transition. The differences between free- and forced-transition wings were shown to be significant, highlighting the importance of modeling transition for ground-effect wings. Additionally, it has been shown that while it is possible to reproduce the force coefficient of a higher Reynolds-number case by forcing the boundary layer to a turbulent state, the flow features, both on-surface and off-surface, are not recreated.
Effect of Gurney Flaps on an Elliptical Airfoil
Authors: Traub Lance W.
Published: June 2017

A low-speed wind tunnel investigation is presented characterizing the impact of Gurney flaps on an elliptical airfoil. The chordwise attachment location and height of the flaps were varied, as was the Reynolds number. The results showed strong nonlinearities in the lift curve which were present for all tested geometries. Flap effectiveness was seen to diminish as the flap was moved closer to the trailing edge stemming from flap submersion in separated flow. For the tested cases, the measured lift coefficients showed a weak Re dependency. The upper airfoil surface was shown to carry approximately 80% of the total lift load. The top surface caused a pitching moment reversal associated with nonlinearity in the lift curve.
A Finite Element Model for Prediction of the Bending Stress of Umbilicals
Authors: Lu Qingzhen , Yang Zhixun , Yan Jun , Lu Hailong , Chen Jinlong , Yue Qianjin
Published: June 2017

Umbilical is an important equipment in the subsea production to supply a connection between the floater and the subsea well. Analyzing strength and fatigue behaviors under bending is a key requirement to assure safety. An analytical model is proposed for predicting the bending behavior of a steel tube wounded helically around a frictionless cylinder. A full three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of an umbilical is developed by considering the frictions and contacts among its components. The numerical results of the bending stress of a steel tube were validated against that of the analytical model. The impacts of friction coefficients on the bending stress, contact pressure, and friction stress have been further investigated by the established FE model.
Fabrication of Cu Surface Composite Reinforced by Ni Particles Via Friction Stir Processing: Microstructure and Tribology Behaviors
Authors: Pezeshkian Mohsen , Ebrahimzadeh Iman , Gharavi Farhad
Published: June 2017

In the present investigation, friction stir processing (FSP) was used to integrate Ni particles into the surface of copper in order to fabricate a surface composite. Determining an optimized percentage of Ni particles, different dimensions of grooves were machined into the Cu plates. Then, the specimens' grooves were filled by nickel reinforcement particles, and friction stir process was performed on the specimens with tool rotation speed of 800 rpm and traverse speed of 50 mm/min. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to evaluate the microstructure. Pin-on-disk test was performed to evaluate wear properties using pins manufactured from the FSPed zone. Also, Micromet-Buehler Vickers hardness tester was used to test the FSPed surfaces' microhardness. The results show that the best properties are obtained when using 2 × 2 mm groove. In this situation, microhardness and wear properties were improved as 40% and 60% compared to the substrate, respectively.