bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penegakan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Berazaskan Pancasila
Authors: Soekorini Noenik
Published: November 2017

The enforcement of criminal law starts from the legislative body that is the legislative body that makes the law and determines the norms in the form of orders and prohibitions. The legislation made by this legislative body can reflect the existence of the values of justice desired by the principle of Pancasila that is civilized or dignified justice. Criminal law enforcement is also done by the judiciary. That is the application of criminal law in the form of law by law enforcement officers either ranging from the police level to the courts. They are concrete justice enforcers. And the last is related to facilities and infrastructure that support the policy for criminal law enforcement. The process of criminal law enforcement can be effective if there is a harmony relationship starting from the investigation / investigation process at the police, prosecutor / prosecutor level until the court process and ending with the judges verdict. The legislator in this case is the legislative must be able to make regulations that can be implemented in the field. Law enforcers in carrying out their duties must be able to work professionally so as to create a sense of justice for the parties both for the perpetrator and for the victim of the crime. Key note : enforcement of criminal law, Pancasila
Post-synthetic ligand exchange in zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks: beware of the defects!
Authors: Taddei Marco , Wakeham Russell J. , Koutsianos Athanasios , Andreoli Enrico , Barron Andrew R.
Published: November 2017

Post-synthetic ligand exchange is a valuable synthetic tool for functionalisation of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks. It is generally assumed that the exchange involves organic linkers, however these materials are known to contain large amounts of defects, which are likely to play a role during the exchange process. This can eventually lead to unexpected effects on the physical-chemical properties of the material. Post-synthetic ligand exchange in the prototypical zirconium-based metal-organic framework UiO-66 was investigated by in situ solution nuclear magnetic resonance. Samples of UiO-66 prepared either with or without modulators (formic acid or benzoic acid) and having different degrees of defectivity were exchanged using solutions of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid at different temperatures. Linker exchange only occurred in a defect-free UiO-66, whereas monocarboxylates grafted at defective sites were found to be preferentially exchanged with respect to terephthalic acid over the whole range of conditions investigated. A 1:1 exchange ratio between 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and modulator was observed, providing evidence that the defects had missing-cluster nature. These findings were corroborated by ex situ characterisation of exchanged samples.
A Caracterização do Brasil Como Paraíso Fiscal Ante as Regras de Transparência Fiscal Internacional e o Julgamento da Constitucionalidade da Lei Complementar n.º 105/2001
Authors: Meira Liziane Angelotti , Bastos Ricardo Victor Ferreira
Published: November 2017

A proteção ao sigilo fiscal e bancário é aspecto de grande importância dentro do ordenamento jurídico nacional, pois ambos são definidos como cláusulas pétreas na Constituição Federal de 1988. Essa proteção desencadeia grande discussão jurídica quando confrontadas com a Lei Complementar nº. 105/01, principalmente, coma as regras que permitem a obtenção de informações sobre transações bancárias pela Fazenda Pública. A grande importância que essa troca de informação possui, atualmente, no cenário mundial, está em discussão nas cinco ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade em curso no Supremo Tribunal Federal, sendo que o tema ganhou força com a aplicação da legislação FATCA em nosso ordenamento jurídico. O resultado do julgamento poderá colocar o Brasil numa situação peculiar dentro do contexto internacional que defende e recomenda a possibilidade de troca de informações entre instituições financeiras e o fisco, podendo o país ser caracterizado como um regime tributário privilegiado ou mesmo como um paraíso fiscal se aplicadas as regras defendidas pela OCDE.
Eventuais Efeitos Sancionatórios da Extrafiscalidade e Sua (in) Adequação ao Ordenamento Jurídico Pátrio
Authors: Londe Carlos Rogério De Oliveira , Guedes Fernanda Antunes
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo trata de aspectos introdutórios ao estudo da extrafiscalidade, principalmente as diferenças entre sanção e extrafiscalidade (para além daquela diferenciação extremamente básica pela qual a sanção decorre de ato ilícito, enquanto a extrafiscalidade possui como pressuposto o exercício de atividades lícitas), iniciando com a localização da extrafiscalidade no sistema constitucional brasileiro, principalmente o tributário, passando pelo conceito, requisitos e modalidades tanto das sanções como da própria extrafiscalidade, com ênfase especial no princípio da proporcionalidade, para, ao final, tentar responder se, na prática, pode-se aplicar uma extrafiscalidade de forma tão equivocada que ela, ao invés de estimular ou desestimular atividades, acabem por se tornar um empecilho para o desenvolvimento de atividades lícitas. Para tanto, adotou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, com análise de textos teóricos, decisões judiciais e normas jurídicas.
Justiça Fiscal Como Mecanismo de Promoção do Desenvolvimento Nacional
Authors: De Oliveira Bruno Bastos , Araújo Edjane Barbosa De Freitas
Published: November 2017

A necessidade de concretização do projeto de desenvolvimento existente em nossa Carta Magna, não podendo ser entendido apenas no âmbito político, econômico ou social, mas sim no conjunto de todos eles, é premente. Analisando tal situação à luz do Direito Tributário, sua concretização instrumentaliza a efetivação das igualdades e liberdades fundamentais dos contribuintes, por meio do Estado, o qual possui o poder regulador de todo o ordenamento jurídico tributário. Assim, atualmente, o Estado tem sido responsável por delinear e estabelecer limites a um propulsor e desenfreado pseudodesenvolvimento, ao invés de traçar caminhos e métodos efetivos para que o contribuinte possa exercer o direito-dever de pagar tributos de forma justa e humanizada, a partir da materialização da capacidade contributiva. A reforma tributária é umas das principais vias instrumentais de promoção da justiça fiscal em prol do desenvolvimento nacional. Importante assim analisar a justiça fiscal tributária como forma de consolidar um dos objetivos fundamentais da Constituição, que é o desenvolvimento nacional, e em contrapartida o fundamental papel do Estado como detentor de toda competência impositiva no âmbito tributário.
A Utilização do ICMS - Verde ou Ecológico como Eixo Fundamental da Política Ambiental do Município de Nova Iguaçu/Rj
Authors: Junior Paulo Roberto De Souza
Published: November 2017

O Texto Constitucional define regras destinadas à preservação do meio ambiente ecologicamente sustentável, orientando, a extrafiscalidade de tributos através do remanejamento de suas receitas, destinadas aos entes que optarem pela conservação ambiental. Neste contexto, situa-se o tributo ambiental, chamado de ICMS - Verde ou Ecológico. O Município que optar pelo recebimento de tais recursos deverá seguir a legislação ambiental estadual especifica, instituindo para tanto um conjunto de politicas, as quais necessitarão de ser (re)avaliadas a fim de justificar o recebimento de tais receitas, as quais serão destinadas a proporcionar a melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus integrantes.
A Educação Fiscal como Instrumento de Combate ao Planejamento Tributário Ilícito
Authors: Nascimento Esdras Oliveira Costa Belleza Do , Ferreira Celso Antonio Pires
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a importância da educação fiscal como meio para estimular uma consciência e cidadania fiscal no cidadão-contribuinte. Utiliza-se da pesquisa bibliográfica para analisar a legitimidade de um pretenso dever fundamental de pagar tributos, fruto da necessidade do provimento de um Estado fiscal organizado e garantidor dos direitos fundamentais. Pondera-se que, ao alcançar tal estágio, o cidadão- contribuinte, de forma intrínseca, se escusaria de cometer atos com a intenção de desviar ou fraudar a atividade fiscal do Estado (planejamento tributário ilícito).
Uber e Direito Tributária: Uma Análise Tributária Desta Nova Tecnologia
Authors: Leal Bruno Bianco , Tancredo Thiago Mafra
Published: November 2017

As novas tecnologias que são desenvolvidas trazem maior facilidade ao cidadão, mas podem trazer prejuízos, como é o caso do aplicativo Uber que está causando transtornos e polêmicas relacionados aos serviços prestados pelos motoristas parceiros que supostamente realizam o mesmo serviço que os taxistas. Sobre esta situação existem demandas judicias e projetos de lei tentando solucionar essa divergência. O presente trabalho investiga tributação sobre essa tecnologia, verificando quais tributos vigentes no país pode incidir sobre o serviço prestado pelo motorista, investigando ainda quais as formas de regulamentação e tributação segundo as ideologias existentes no Brasil, para a recepção desta tecnologia.
A Prevalência do Princípio da Isonomia Sobre o Princípio da Não Cumulatividade Quando da Importação de Veículo Automotor para uso Próprio
Authors: Murta Antônio Carlos Diniz , Carvalho Luisa Mendonça Albergaria De , Carvalho Luisa Mendonça Albergaria De
Published: November 2017

O trabalho aborda a incidência do IPI na importação de veículos automotores por pessoa natural para uso próprio. Discutirá características do procedimento de importação, bem como o Imposto de Importação e, assim, analisará o porque da cobrança destes dois tributos na compra de veículos automotores do exterior. Os conceitos bis in idem e bitributação serão debatidos. Hipóteses de incidência do IPI serão estudadas, demonstrando como o importador pode ser enquadrado como sujeito passivo na tributação do IPI na importação, juntamente comparado nos princípios tributários constitucionais. Por fim, será feita reflexão crítica do recente julgado e novo posicionamento do STF.
A Função Ecológica do Tributo no Desenvolvimento da Governança Ambiental
Authors: Borges Antônio De Moura , De Oliveira Fernanda Loures
Published: November 2017

A Constituição de 1988 foi responsável pela reafirmação de ideias como sustentabilidade e meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como direito fundamental, devido à grave crise ambiental, que suscitou preocupações acerca dos impactos que serão legados às futuras gerações. Quanto ao dever fundamental do Estado de proteção ambiental, várias são as formas possíveis de atuação, incluindo o fomento pela concessão de favores fiscais. Assim, a regressividade tributária em prol daquele que cumpre a função socioambiental da propriedade pode ser importante incentivo à atuação cooperativa privada, como corolário da edição de normas tributárias indutoras. O estímulo realizado ensejaria o desenvolvimento da governança ambiental.
As Relações entre o Executivo e o Legislativo na Elaboração do Orçamento Brasileiro: Considerações sobre a Emenda Constitucional 86/2015
Authors: De Lima Eduardo Martins , Netto Viana Priscila Ramos
Published: November 2017

Este artigo objetiva analisar as possíveis implicações da Emenda Constitucional 86/2015 nas relações estabelecidas entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo na elaboração e execução do orçamento brasileiro. Verificar-se-á a natureza autorizativa e/ou impositiva da lei orçamentária, como ocorriam as relações entre os poderes antes da EC n. 86/2015 e se e se tal alteração constitucional será capaz de mudar a dinâmica dessa relação político-institucional. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, utilizar-se-á de fontes predominantemente teóricas, em uma abordagem compreensivo-exploratória e crítico-reflexiva sobre a matéria.
A Desvinculação das Receitas da União (DRU) como Instrumento de Flexibilização do Orçamento Público no Brasil: Necessidade ou Distorção?
Authors: Bezerra de Carvalho Fer Francisco Gilney , Lima Renata Albuquerque
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho expõe o tema do orçamento público brasileiro e a crise na gestão das finanças públicas, percebendo o crescente anseio social em se conferir maior rigidez à peça orçamentária. Todavia, as reiteradas manobras de flexibilização do orçamento público acabam por frustrar o seu real objetivo. Neste artigo, busca-se analisar o instituto da Desvinculação das Receitas da União, tratando-se de mecanismo que busca garantir a livre alocação de receitas orçamentárias. A presente pesquisa teve como recurso metodológico o método teórico-bibliográfico, embasado através de pesquisa documental.
Transparência Fiscal: Pressuposto Democrático e Direito do Consumidor
Authors: Pontes Braga Muniz Samuel Levy , Pereira Júnior José Aldizio
Published: November 2017

O presente artigo tem por finalidade analisar a Lei no 12.741/2012 e sua importância como instrumento democrático de transparência fiscal nas relações de consumo. A publicidade como fundamento democrático não é construção política moderna, pois desde o século VIII a.C os gregos já compreendiam que não havia democracia quando o Estado atuava secretamente. A lei de transparência veio para fortalecer a democracia brasileira, pois é por meio da informação que os cidadãos têm maior controle sobre a atuação estatal, que podem fiscalizar os gastos públicos e que têm acesso à ingerência tributária sobre as relações de consumo.
Direito à Educação como Mínimo Existencial e os Desafios de sua Concretização diante da Escassez de Recursos Públicos
Authors: Vicente Tiago Soares
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a obrigatoriedade da prestação do direito à educação básica, garantido pela Constituição de 1988. Com base em conhecimentos de Direito Constitucional, Financeiro e Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, parte-se da previsão legal e constitucional, passando pela caracterização como direito fundamental e mínimo existencial. Depois citam-se formas previstas na Constituição de exigibilidade do direito à educação, como o uso de ações judiciais. Analisam-se os desafios de natureza orçamentária e financeira para a concretização do direito à educação. Por fim, ressalta-se a importância da atuação responsável do Poder Público para a efetividade do Direito à Educação.
Effect of Spiritual Leadership to Organizational Culture and Employee’s Loyalty
Authors: Alimudin Arasy , Septian Dahlia , Sasono Agus Dwi , Wulandari Ani
Published: November 2017

Although the leader of the Society’s Eye Hospital, East Java has the characteristics of spiritual leadership as in the dimensions of spiritual leadership developed by Fry (2003) including vision, hope / faith, and altruistic love, however the level of employee turn over is still high. To address this problem, the research is using a quantitative causality approach and SEM PLS model as the data analysis technique used. The result of the research shows that there is a significant positive influence on spiritual leadership towards the organizational culture. A significant positive influence of organizational culture also seen on employee’s loyalty, and there is a positive but insignificant influence of spiritual leadership on employee’s loyalty.
A Study of The Factors That Influence The Level of Consumer Satisfaction Towards The Use of Internet Banking
Authors: Vivi Vivi , Novita Novita
Published: November 2017

The development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of people’s life today. Various kinds of business and trade transactions have changed along with the advancement of ICT. One of the sectors that are influenced by the development in information and communication technology is banking. The presence of internet banking has brought more conveniences to the customers in conducting banking transactions anytime and anywhere. However, one of the challenges faced by banks in implementing online banking is the security factor. In addition, consumer satisfaction in conducting internet transactions can be influenced by factors of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) consists of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and excellent service from the provider. The purpose of this study is to determine whether security, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and service quality havepositive influence on internet banking consumer satisfaction. Thetype of research is explanatory research type. The research variables consisting of independent variables are security factor, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and service quality; meanwhile dependent variable is internet banking consumer satisfaction. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling method combined with snowball sampling method. Datais collected through questionnaires and interviews. Methods of data analysis used is Multiple Regression Analysis. The result shows that variables of  security, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and service qualitysimultaneously influence internet banking consumer satisfaction. It shows that the four variables positively affect internet banking consumer satisfaction.
Determination of Performance Accountability of Local Government Organizations in Palembang
Authors: Thoyib M , Satriawan Indra , Husin Farida , Asmarani Mega , Periansya Periansya
Published: November 2017

In regional autonomy context, value for money is a bridge to deliver local government to achieve good governance. Value for money must be operated in local finance management and local budgeting. To support it, the management of public money with value for money concept, it needs regional budgeting and good local finance management. This research aims to set factors that influence performance accountability of local government organizations in Palembang. Factors that include are the influence of performance based budgeting and local financial accounting system to performance accountability as partial and simultant. This research using purposive sampling which part of nonprobability sampling of research instrument by 129 questionnaires that directly spread to 43 local government organizations in Palembang to the head of finance department revenue treasurer, and expenditure treasurer. Data of this research was analized by multiple regression using software SPSS 20.0. The result of this research show both as partial and simultant performance based budgeting and local financial accounting system have positive influence and significant to performance accountability in local government organization
Factors Affecting Students’ Decisions Choosing SMA Maitreyawira Batam
Authors: Lestari Emi
Published: November 2017

This study examines the quality of service that includes variable Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy and Evidence Direct (Tangible) partially and simultaneously affect the decision of students to choose SMA Maitreyawira Batam. The method of multiple regression analysis used by the researcher is to know and examine how big influence of independent variable which numbers two or more. Multiple regression analysis is used to know the influence of independent variables on dependent variable. The number of samples of this research is 110 students of SMA Maitreyawira Batam. The result of the research shows that there is significant influence of service quality with variable of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangible to student decision to choose SMA Maitreyawira Batam.
Genetics in medicine
Authors: Pandey Arti S
Published: November 2017

Not available.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 6, No. 1, 2017, Page: 1-3
A study on parental age, pregnancy events and autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Malla Aakriti , Pathak John , Shrestha Sanjeev , Pant Aditi , Shrivastava Trilok , Amatya Sunita Malekhu , Joshi Sunil Kumar
Published: November 2017

Background:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder which usually appears before the age of 3. Several genetic or environmental factors may be involved in onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Objectives: To find relationship of Autism Spectrum Disorder with different maternal factors and events during pregnancy.Methodology: This is a retrospective case control study with total of 104 children of age 3-15 years as a sample, 52 were  cases and 52 were controls. The study unit was selected from the database of Autism Care Nepal (ACN) for cases and questionnaire was designed based on the probable risk factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder from existing literature. Controls were chosen from schools, questionnaire being filled by asking questions to the mothers of the child with same age group as the cases, similar socio-economic background and intellectually normal.Results:There were 78.8% males and 21.1% females among cases and 53.8% were male and 46.1% were female among controls which show male predominance among cases. Among various maternal risk factors, the maternal second hand smoking (P value: 0.04) and maternal respiratory tract infection (P value: 0.04) were found to be statistically significant. Regarding neonatal factors, birth asphyxia (P value: 0.003), delayed cry (P value: 0.000) and neonatal jaundice (P value:0.05) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion:We found association of maternal second hand smoking, respiratory tract infection and among neonatal factors, birth asphyxia, delayed cry and neonatal jaundice to be associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of Kathmandu Medical College Vol. 6, No. 1, 2017editor@jkmc.com.np
Real time movies versus frozen snapshots
Authors: Samuelsson Marcus
Published: November 2017

This essay aims to analyse two different forms of contemporary stories: pupils’ and adults’ audits of what goes on in classroom life. This was done by making a distinction between unofficial and official inspections. In the essay, I show that unofficial inspections are carried out by pupils, most likely with the aim of providing those of us outside the classrooms with real time movies to inform us about what takes place during life in classrooms. I go on to show that pupils highlight aspects of the complex everyday life in classrooms in a different way than the official inspections, which are performed by adult officials from agencies such as the Swedish Schools Inspectorate and are more likely to be understood as frozen snapshots. In analysing this issue, the stories of everyday classroom life, this essay highlights sixteen differences between unofficial and official inspections. These differences relate to who is carrying out the inspection, how the inspection was conducted, what the inspection focused on, when the inspection took place, and why. The analysis also highlight eight similarities between unofficial and official inspections. These relate to what was being observed, the benefit of the inspections and the motives behind the observation. The essay concludes with arguments regarding observations by unofficial audits supplementing and adding other qualities than the official one, by indicating secondary and tertiary qualities of a different intentional depth.
Monoclonal Antibody: A New Treatment Strategy against Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Cho Shih-Feng , Lin Liang , Xing Lijie , Yu Tengteng , Wen Kenneth , Anderson Kenneth C. , Tai Yu-Tzu
Published: November 2017

2015 was a groundbreaking year for the multiple myeloma community partly due to the breakthrough approval of the first two monoclonal antibodies in the treatment for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. Despite early disappointments, monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 (daratumumab) and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7) (elotuzumab) have become available for patients with multiple myeloma in the same year. Specifically, phase 3 clinical trials of combination therapies incorporating daratumumab or elotuzumab indicate both efficacy and a very favorable toxicity profile. These therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for multiple myeloma can kill target cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, as well as by direct blockade of signaling cascades. In addition, their immunomodulatory effects may simultaneously inhibit the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment and restore the key function of immune effector cells. In this review, we focus on monoclonal antibodies that have shown clinical efficacy or promising preclinical anti-multiple myeloma activities that warrant further clinical development. We summarize mechanisms that account for the in vitro and in vivo anti-myeloma effects of these monoclonal antibodies, as well as relevant preclinical and clinical results. Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapies have already and will continue to transform the treatment landscape in multiple myeloma.
Nox, Reactive Oxygen Species and Regulation of Vascular Cell Fate
Authors: Burtenshaw Denise , Hakimjavadi Roya , Redmond Eileen , Cahill Paul
Published: November 2017

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance of antioxidant defence mechanisms can result in oxidative stress. Several pro-atherogenic stimuli that promote intimal-medial thickening (IMT) and early arteriosclerotic disease progression share oxidative stress as a common regulatory pathway dictating vascular cell fate. The major source of ROS generated within the vascular system is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (Nox), of which seven members have been characterized. The Nox family are critical determinants of the redox state within the vessel wall that dictate, in part the pathophysiology of several vascular phenotypes. This review highlights the putative role of ROS in controlling vascular fate by promoting endothelial dysfunction, altering vascular smooth muscle phenotype and dictating resident vascular stem cell fate, all of which contribute to intimal medial thickening and vascular disease progression.
Backstepping Based Formation Control of Quadrotors with the State Transformation Technique
Authors: Lee Keun Uk , Choi Yoon Ho , Park Jin Bae
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a backstepping-based formation control of quadrotors with the state transformation technique is proposed. First, the dynamics of a quadrotor is derived by using the Newton–Euler formulation. Next, a backstepping-based formation control for quadrotors using a state transformation technique is presented. In the position control, which is the basis of formation control, it is possible to derive the reference attitude angles employing a state transformation technique without the small angle assumption or the simplified dynamics usually used. Stability analysis based on the Lyapunov theorem shows that the proposed formation controller can provide a quadrotor formation error system that is asymptotically stabilized. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed formation control method through comparison simulations.
Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Huang Houbing , Wang Zhengzhi , Ma Xingqiao
Published: November 2017

Magnetically-actuated functional gradient nanocomposites can be locally modulated to generate unprecedented mechanical gradients that can be applied to various interfaces and surfaces through following the design principles of natural biological materials. However, a key question is how to modulate the concentration of magnetic particles using an external magnetic field. Here, we propose a model to obtain the gradient concentration distribution of magnetic particles and mechanical gradients. The results show that three states exist when the magnetic force changes in the z direction, including the unchanging state, the stable gradient state, and the over-accumulation state, which are consistent with experiment results. If both radial and axial magnetic forces are present, the inhomogeneity of magnetic–particle distribution in two dimensions was found to break the functional gradient. Furthermore, the size effects of a functional gradient sample were studied, which indicated that adjusting the magnetic force and diffusion constant would enable larger nanocomposites samples to generate functional gradients.
Study on Extension of Standard Meteorological Data for Cities in South Korea Using ISO 15927-4
Authors: Kim Yeweon , Jang Hi-Kyoung , Yu Ki-Hyung
Published: November 2017

Accurate standard meteorological data sets for each city are essential elements to assess and analyze high-performance buildings quantitatively in order to ensure that they comply with energy saving policies of the nation. ECO2, which is an assessment program of building energy in Korea, has employed meteorological data of the closest city to the target location from 13 urban meteorological data references; the employment of this program has demonstrated the ability to reflect climatic differences between cities. The present study expanded urban meteorological data to ISO TRY (International Organization for Standard Test Reference Year), an international standard methodology that can calculate the data in a relatively simple manner using observed data in Korea, as much as possible in order to reflect meteorological data, including the air temperature relevant for heating and cooling energy as well as solar radiation (cooling/heating energy) for each city, that affected the assessment of building energy the most. In the present study, existing data is expanded to a show the standard meteorological data of 66 cities that can be put into the Korean assessment program (ECO2). This data considered valid meteorological data (minimum statistical period, air temperature, relative humidity, wind, and solar radiation, etc.) among manned and unmanned observational data obtained from 479 locations from 2001 to 2010. For cities other than the 66 aforementioned cities, zoning was conducted to separate cities that had and did not have the standard meteorological data using a cumulative temperature density graph. In this way, meteorological data can be available in all cities, which will enable more accurate simulation assessments on building energy.
Effects of Boron-Incorporation in a V-Containing Zr-Based AB2 Metal Hydride Alloy
Authors: Chang Shiuan , Young Kwo-Hsiung , Ouchi Taihei , Nei Jean , Wu Xin
Published: November 2017

In this study, boron, a metalloid element commonly used in semiconductor applications, was added in a V-containing Zr-based AB2 metal hydride alloy. In general, as the boron content in the alloy increased, the high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, and double-layer capacitance first decreased and then increased whereas charge-transfer resistance and dot product of charge-transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance changed in the opposite direction. Electrochemical and gaseous phase characteristics of two boron-containing alloys, with the same boron content detected by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, showed significant variations in performances due to the difference in phase abundance of a newly formed tetragonal V3B2 phase. This new phase contributes to the increases in electrochemical high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, charge-transfer resistances at room, and low temperatures. However, the V3B2 phase does not contribute to the hydrogen storage capacities in either gaseous phase and electrochemical environment.
Effect of Decontamination and Cleaning on the Shear Bond Strength of High Translucency Zirconia
Authors: Krifka Stephanie , Preis Verena , Rosentritt Martin
Published: November 2017

(1) Background: This study evaluated the bonding performance of high translucency zirconia after diverse surficial decontamination and cleaning procedures. (2) Methods: High translucency zirconia (LavaTM Esthetic) specimens (2.0 mm × 20 mm × 10 mm) were exposed to different surface treatments prior to bonding to CoCr cylinders (d = 5 mm, height = 3 mm). All surfaces were sandblasted (40 µm aluminum oxide, 2 bar) and treated with alcohol (al), saliva (s), saliva + water (sw), or saliva + NaOCl + water (sn) before bonding was performed with the following adhesive luting systems: RelyXTM Unicem 2 (RX), ScotchbondTM Universal (SBU) + RelyXTM Ultimate (RU) or Monobond Plus (MP) + Multilink® Automix (ML). After 24 h, thermocycling (TC:12,000 × 5 °C/55 °C) and 90 days of storage at 37 °C in distilled water, the shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated according to ISO/TS 11,405:2015. Failure modes along bonding areas were characterized. Means and standard deviations (n = 10 per group) were determined and statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni (α = 0.05). (3) Results: The SBS after 24 h varied between 3.5 (sRX) and 69.4 MPa (snMP + ML). Values from 0 (sRX) to 70.3 MPa (swRX) were found after TC. Data after 90 days of storage showed the lowest values for sRX (0 MPa) and the highest values for alSBU + RU (75.5 MPa). Adhesive failure was noted at all aging conditions. (4) Conclusions: SBU + RU or RX and MP + ML including saliva decontamination of the ceramic surface with water or NaOCl + water allow efficient bonding to LavaTM Esthetic.
Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems
Authors: Norshahrani Mohamad , Mokhlis Hazlie , Abu Bakar Ab. Halim , Jamian Jasrul Jamani , Sukumar Shivashankar
Published: November 2017

The benefits of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources leads to its high integration in the distribution network (DN). Despite its well-known benefits, mainly in improving the distribution system reliability and security, there are challenges encountered from a protection system perspective. Traditionally, the design and operation of the protection system are based on a unidirectional power flow in the distribution network. However, the integration of distributed generation causes multidirectional power flows in the system. Therefore, the existing protection systems require some improvement or modification to address this new feature. Various protection strategies for distribution system have been proposed so that the benefits of distributed generation can be fully utilized. This paper reviews the current progress in protection strategies to mitigate the impact of distributed generation in the distribution network. In general, the reviewed strategies in this paper are divided into: (1) conventional protection systems and (2) modifications of the protection systems. A comparative study is presented in terms of the respective benefits, shortcomings and implementation cost. Future directions for research in this area are also presented.
Reheating via Gravitational Particle Production in Simple Models of Quintessence or ΛCDM Inflation
Authors: De Haro Jaume , Aresté Saló Llibert
Published: November 2017

We have tested some simple Λ CDM (the same test is also valid for quintessence) inflation models, imposing that they match with the recent observational data provided by the BICEP and Planck’s team and leading to a reheating temperature, which is obtained via gravitational particle production after inflation, supporting the nucleosynthesis success.
Targeting Immune Cell Checkpoints during Sepsis
Authors: Patil Naeem , Guo Yin , Luan Liming , Sherwood Edward
Published: November 2017

Immunosuppression is increasingly being recognized as one of the causes of increased morbidity and mortality during sepsis. Both innate and adaptive immune system dysfunction have been shown to cause an impaired ability to eradicate the primary infection and also lead to frequent occurrence of secondary opportunistic infections. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T cell membrane protein-3 (TIM-3), Lymphocyte activation-gene-3 (LAG-3) and 2B4, are upregulated during the course of sepsis. Engagement of these inhibitory molecules on various immune cells has been consistently shown to inhibit innate immune cell functions (e.g., phagocytosis, cytokine production and pathogen clearance) and also lead to impaired T cell competence. In numerous pre-clinical models of sepsis, therapeutic agents aimed at blocking engagement of inhibitory immune checkpoints on immune cells have been shown to improve innate and adaptive immune cell functions, increase host resistance to infection and significantly improve survival. Therefore, immunotherapy with immune cell checkpoint inhibitors holds significant potential for the future of sepsis therapy and merits further investigation.
The Small Heat Shock Protein α-Crystallin B Shows Neuroprotective Properties in a Glaucoma Animal Model
Authors: Anders Fabian , Liu Aiwei , Mann Carolina , Teister Julia , Lauzi Jasmin , Thanos Solon , Grus Franz , Pfeiffer Norbert , Prokosch Verena
Published: November 2017

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide. The pathogenesis of glaucoma remains unclear, and novel approaches for neuroprotective treatments are urgently needed. Previous studies have revealed significant down-regulation of α-crystallin B as an initial reaction to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), followed by a clear but delayed up-regulation, suggesting that this small heat-shock protein plays a pathophysiological role in the disease. This study analyzed the neuroprotective effect of α-crystallin B in an experimental animal model of glaucoma. Significant IOP elevation induced by episcleral vein cauterization resulted in a considerable impairment of the RGCs and the retinal nerve fiber layer. An intravitreal injection of α-crystallin B at the time of the IOP increase was able to rescue the RGCs, as measured in a functional photopic electroretinogram, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and RGC counts. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-microarray measurements indicated that a α-crystallin injection distinctly up-regulated all of the subclasses (α, β, and γ) of the crystallin protein family. The creation of an interactive protein network revealed clear correlations between individual proteins, which showed a regulatory shift resulting from the crystallin injection. The neuroprotective properties of α-crystallin B further demonstrate the potential importance of crystallin proteins in developing therapeutic options for glaucoma.
The Impact of Salts on Single Chain Amphiphile Membranes and Implications for the Location of the Origin of Life
Authors: Maurer Sarah
Published: November 2017

One of the key steps in the origins of life was the formation of a membrane to separate protocells from their environment. These membranes are proposed to have been formed out of single chain amphiphiles, which are less stable than the dialkyl lipids used to form modern membranes. This lack of stability, specifically for decanoate, is often used to refute ocean locations for the origins of life. This review addresses the formation of membranes in hydrothermal-vent like conditions, as well as other environmental constraints. Specifically, single chain amphiphiles can form membranes at high sea salt concentrations (150 g/L), high temperatures (65 °C), and a wide pH range (2 to 10). It additionally discusses the major challenges and advantages of membrane formation in both ocean and fresh water locations.
Evaluation of Polyamine Transport Inhibitors in a Drosophila Epithelial Model Suggests the Existence of Multiple Transport Systems
Authors: Wang Minpei , Phanstiel Otto , Von Kalm Laurence
Published: November 2017

Increased polyamine biosynthesis activity and an active polyamine transport system are characteristics of many cancer cell lines and polyamine depletion has been shown to be a viable anticancer strategy. Polyamine levels can be depleted by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of the key polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). However, malignant cells frequently circumvent DFMO therapy by up-regulating polyamine import. Therefore, there is a need to develop compounds that inhibit polyamine transport. Collectively, DFMO and a polyamine transport inhibitor (PTI) provide the basis for a combination therapy leading to effective intracellular polyamine depletion. We have previously shown that the pattern of uptake of a series of polyamine analogues in a Drosophila model epithelium shares many characteristics with mammalian cells, indicating a high degree of similarity between the mammalian and Drosophila polyamine transport systems. In this report, we focused on the utility of the Drosophila epithelial model to identify and characterize polyamine transport inhibitors. We show that a previously identified inhibitor of transport in mammalian cells has a similar activity profile in Drosophila. The Drosophila model was also used to evaluate two additional transport inhibitors. We further demonstrate that a cocktail of polyamine transport inhibitors is more effective than individual inhibitors, suggesting the existence of multiple transport systems in Drosophila. Our findings reinforce the similarity between the Drosophila and mammalian transport systems and the value of the Drosophila model to provide inexpensive early screening of molecules targeting the transport system.
Effect of Structure on Charge Distribution in the Isatin Anions in Aprotic Environment: Spectral Study
Authors: Tisovský Pavol , Šandrik Róbert , Horváth Miroslav , Donovalová Jana , Jakusová Klaudia , Cigáň Marek , Sokolík Róbert , Gáplovský Anton , Gáplovský Martin , Filo Juraj
Published: November 2017

Five isatin anions were prepared by deprotonation of initial isatins in aprotic solvents using basic fluoride and acetate anions (F− and CH3COO−). The F− basicity is sufficient to deprotonate isatin NH hydrogen from all the studied compounds. This process is reversible. In the presence of proton donor solvents, the anions form the corresponding isatins. The isatin hydrogen acidity depends on the overall structure of the isatin derivatives. The anions were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the anions form aggregates at concentrations above 10−3 mol·dm−3. Further, the effect of cations on the UV–Vis spectra of the studied anions was studied. Charge transfer and its distribution in the anion depends on the radius and the cation electron configuration. The alkali metal cations, tetrabutylammonium (TBA+), Mg2+ and Ag+, interact with the C-2 carbonyl oxygen of the isatin anion. The interaction has a coulombic character. On the other hand, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+, and Cu+ cations form a coordinate bond with the isatin nitrogen.
Novel α, β-Unsaturated Sophoridinic Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Anti-Cancer Activities
Authors: Xu Yiming , Wu Lichuan , Dai Hang , Gao Mingyan , Ur Rashid Haroon , Wang Haodong , Xie Peng , Liu Xu , Jiang Jun , Wang Lisheng
Published: November 2017

Using sophoridine 1 and chalcone 3 as the lead compounds, a series of novel α, β-unsaturated sophoridinic derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that introduction of α, β-unsaturated ketone moiety and heterocyclic group might significantly enhance anticancer activity. Among the compounds, 2f and 2m exhibited potential effects against HepG-2 and CNE-2 human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to understand possible docking sites of the molecules on the target proteins and the mode of binding. This work provides a theoretical basis for structural optimizations and exploring anticancer pathways of this kind of compound.
Proline-Based Carbamates as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Pizova Hana , Havelkova Marketa , Bobal Pavel , Stepankova Sarka , Kauerova Tereza , Bak Andrzej , Kollar Peter , Kozik Violetta , Oravec Michal , Imramovsky Ales , Jampilek Josef
Published: November 2017

Series of twenty-five benzyl (2S)-2-(arylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylates was prepared and completely characterized. All the compounds were tested for their in vitro ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the selectivity of compounds to individual cholinesterases was determined. Screening of the cytotoxicity of all the compounds was performed using a human monocytic leukaemia THP-1 cell line, and the compounds demonstrated insignificant toxicity. All the compounds showed rather moderate inhibitory effect against AChE; benzyl (2S)-2-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (IC50 = 46.35 μM) was the most potent agent. On the other hand, benzyl (2S)-2-[(4-bromophenyl)-] and benzyl (2S)-2-[(2-bromophenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylates expressed anti-BChE activity (IC50 = 28.21 and 27.38 μM, respectively) comparable with that of rivastigmine. The ortho-brominated compound as well as benzyl (2S)-2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate demonstrated greater selectivity to BChE. The in silico characterization of the structure–inhibitory potency for the set of proline-based carbamates considering electronic, steric and lipophilic properties was provided using comparative molecular surface analysis (CoMSA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, the systematic space inspection with splitting data into the training/test subset was performed to monitor the statistical estimators performance in the effort to map the probability-guided pharmacophore pattern. The comprehensive screening of the AChE/BChE profile revealed potentially relevant structural and physicochemical features that might be essential for mapping of the carbamates inhibition efficiency indicating qualitative variations exerted on the reaction site by the substituent in the 3′-/4′-position of the phenyl ring. In addition, the investigation was completed by a molecular docking study of recombinant human AChE.
Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Brain Development
Authors: Cerdó Tomás , Ruíz Alicia , Suárez Antonio , Campoy Cristina
Published: November 2017

Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the existence of a link between the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain and peripheral functions through the bi-directional interaction between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Therefore, the use of bacteria as therapeutics has attracted much interest. Recent research has found that there are a variety of mechanisms by which bacteria can signal to the brain and influence several processes in relation to neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and behaviour. Data derived from both in vitro experiments and in vivo clinical trials have supported some of these new health implications. While recent molecular advancement has provided strong indications to support and justify the role of the gut microbiota on the gut–brain axis, it is still not clear whether manipulations through probiotics and prebiotics administration could be beneficial in the treatment of neurological problems. The understanding of the gut microbiota and its activities is essential for the generation of future personalized healthcare strategies. Here, we explore and summarize the potential beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in the neurodevelopmental process and in the prevention and treatment of certain neurological human diseases, highlighting current and future perspectives in this topic.