Abstract B115: Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and mortality trends of acute myeloid leukemia in the United States
Authors: Kang Lixin , Ma Xiaomei , Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Stempel Jessica M. , Wang Rong 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia among adults and carries a poor prognosis. This study aimed to assess the temporal trends of AML incidence and mortality for different racial and ethnic groups in the United States (US). Methods We obtained data on AML incidence and mortality (years 1999-2019) for all 50 states and the District of Columbia from the US Cancer Statistics database maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Using the JoinPoint regression program, we calculated the annual percent change (APC), average annual percent change (AAPC), and correspondent p values. A positive APC indicated an increasing trend, while a negative APC meant a decreasing trend. Results From 1999 to 2019, AML incidence trends varied among different racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic White(NHW) and Hispanic populations showed no significant changes during the period. Whereas non-Hispanic Black (NHB) individuals had an AAPC of 0.8 (p=.03), mainly driven by increases in 2006-2012 (APC=3.7, p&lt;.01). Among non-Hispanic Asians/Pacific Islanders (NHAPI) and non-Hispanic American Indians or Alaska Natives (NHAIAN), AML incidence increased steadily with APCs of 0.7 and 2.2, respectively (both ps&lt;.01). Furthermore, when considering different age groups, there were variations in AML incidence by race and ethnicity. Among people aged &lt;65 years, NHW, NHB, NHAPI and NHAIAN populations experienced a consistent increase in AML incidence with APCs of 0.5 (p&lt;.01), 1.0 (p&lt;.01), 0.9 (p&lt;.01), and 1.8 (p=.04), respectively. However, among Hispanic individuals, AML incidence only showed an increasing trend during years 2008-2013 (APC=3.1, p=.02). For individuals aged ≥65 years, among NHW individuals, AML incidence increased in 2008-2012 by 6.2% per year (p&lt;.01), then decreased by 0.9% per year in 2012-2019 (p=.04). In contrast, among NHB, Hispanic and NHAPI populations, AML incidence increased with APCs of 1.4 (p&lt;.01), 0.7 (p=.03), and 0.8 (p=.02) in 1999-2019, respectively. There was no significant change in incidence among NHAIAN individuals in 1999-2019. Regarding mortality trends, variations were also observed among different racial and ethnic groups. NHW Americans first displayed an increasing trend with APCs of 4.6 in 1999-2001 (p=.03), and 0.6 in 2001-2009 (p=.03), but a decreasing trend in 2009-2019 (APC=-0.3, p=.05). No changes in mortality were observed among NHB Americans. Hispanic individuals exhibited a steadily increasing trend in mortality during 1999-2019 (APC=0.5, p=.02). NHAPI had an AAPC of 1.0 (p=.02), which was primarily attributable to increase in 1999-2010 (APC=2.5, p&lt;.01). Mortality among NHAIAN individuals was steady in 1999-2019. Conclusion In the US, NHB individuals, NHAPI and NHAIAN experienced an increased incidence of AML during 1999-2019, while trends of increasing mortality were observed among Hispanic individuals and NHAPI over the same period. Further research is needed to identify factors associated with the heavier burden of disease in racial and ethnic minoritized populations.

Citation Format: Lixin Kang, Xiaomei Ma, Nikolai A. Podoltsev, Jessica M. Stempel, Rong Wang. Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and mortality trends of acute myeloid leukemia in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B115.