bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Face as an interactional construct in the context of connectedness and separateness
Authors: Schröder Ulrike
Published: October 2018

In recent work, Arundale proposed a Face Constituting Theory based on the Conjoint Co-Constituting Model of Communication. His main concern is directed towards a shift from the individualistic conception of face and (im)politeness to a non-summative view on communication based on fundamental insights from conversation analysis. Based on two film shootings between German and Brazilian exchange students, which are part of the larger corpus NUCOI, we will take a closer look at moments in which face comes to the fore in the light of (dis)alignment and (dis)affiliation. While in the German example facework is negotiated metacommunicatively, in the Brazilian example facework is calibrated in more subtle ways represented by prosodic and visual cues, which are either given or held back by the co-participants. We will show that these two different patterns may be related to culture-specific construals of face.
Academic writing as a locus of grammatical change
Authors: Gray Bethany , Biber Douglas
Published: October 2018

Based on large-scale corpus analysis, this study challenges the notion that academic writing is conservative and
resistant to change by documenting linguistic innovations that have emerged in academic writing over the past 200
years. The study explores the dramatic patterns of change that have culminated in the present-day phrasal discourse
style of academic writing. The study demonstrates that academic writing today employs a dense use of phrasal
complexity features which were minimally used in earlier historical periods. Cross-register comparisons show that
these features have largely not been adopted in other spoken and written registers, and none to the extent as in
academic writing. The results, which illustrate that these changes have been both quantitative and functional in
nature, thus challenge not only the view that academic writing is resistant to change, but also the claim that
grammatical innovation originates primarily in speech.
Spanish basic colour categories are 11 or 12 depending on the dialect
Authors: Lillo Julio , Prado-León Lilia R. , Gonzalez Perilli Fernando , Melnikova Anna , Álvaro Leticia , Collado José , Moreira Humberto
Published: October 2018

A colour-term elicitation task was used to estimate basic colour terms (BCTs) in three Spanish dialects. In Castilian (spoken in Spain) and Mexican, eleven BCTs were identified, compared to twelve in Uruguayan, including celeste “sky blue”. The six primary BCTs and three derived BCTs appeared identical in all three dialects; however, terms for “brown” and “purple” revealed dialectal variation. An Extremes naming task was used to estimate the equivalence relation between BCT counterparts in the three dialects. A Boundary delimitation task was employed to demarcate boundaries of the basic colour categories in a*b*-plane of CIELAB. The task enabled mapping the denotata of the Uruguayan-specific BCT celeste. Results are discussed in the framework of the debate of universal versus language-specific factors.
Black and white linguistic category entrenchment in English
Authors: Sandford Jodi L.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this chapter is to discuss the cognitive entrenchment of the linguistic categories black and white in association with pleasant and unpleasant in English through a semantic application of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). This study continues earlier linguistic research of implicit associations with basic-color-term couples. The results reveal the cognitive entrenchment of the categories and support the hypothesis that there are underlying conceptualization processes that guide semantic color/object associations. The embodied experiential grounding of darkness/night and lightness/day as the basis for our understanding of black and white emerges with the elaboration of a complex of conceptual metaphors that culminates in knowing is seeing (good is seeing) – experiential motivation of language and thought.
Identifying colour use and knowledge in textile design practice
Authors: Mottram Judith
Published: October 2018

A survey of the colour understanding and practice of respondents undertaking a postgraduate programme in textile design is reported. Colour use and knowledge within creative practices was explored, with a view to providing a platform for the field to reflect on assumptions about preference, harmony and colour selectivity in design. Respondents reported on their acquisition of colour mixing knowledge and described their colour palette. Language terms used tended towards basic colour terms and descriptive references. The study confirmed the challenge for specification and variability in perception among this fairly expert group, who will enter a professional arena working with clients, customers and manufacturers on the design for goods that will be inherently coloured.
Mapping the Antarctic
Authors: Watkins Liz
Published: October 2018

Early 1900s Polar expeditions experimented with photography to supplement established modes of documentation, from the work of exploration to scientific study (zoology, geography, meteorology). In recognition of the economic and educational potential of visual records, R.F. Scott employed ‘camera artist’ Herbert G. Ponting for his 1910–13 South Pole expedition: the photographs, lantern slide lectures, film and watercolours were linked to science and formed the basis of public exhibitions. Ponting’s work predominantly consisted of black-and-white images from experiments with telephoto lenses, flashlight photography and cinematography, however, studies of colour exist. Autochromes, dyes and notes on the hues of refracted sunlight and artificial light link photography and colour to the temporality of the Antarctic and the vulnerability of perception.
World Meteorological Organization: scaling the peaks for social benefits
Authors: Qiu Jane
Published: October 2018

Climate change is tightening its grip on high mountains. Yet, unlike their island counterparts, the ordeals facing mountain communities are under-studied and under-appreciated. But that's about to change. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is looking to enable better understanding of the physical processes in mountainous regions, especially their glaciers and ice fields at high elevations, by bringing together meteorological and research communities around the world. This will help identify the key stressors in the mountain environment and facilitate disaster reduction, as well as support decision making and sustainable development.

 In a forum chaired by David Grimes, WMO’s President, and Tandong Yao, former Director of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and co-chair of the Third Pole Environment, a panel of international scientists with diverse backgrounds discussed which priority areas WMO should focus on, how the organization can improve data sharing, how to address climate risks and water scarcity, and how the work can benefit the societal needs of mountain communities.

Joan Cuxart

Researcher and lecturer on meteorology at the University of the Balearic Islands, Spain

Michael Ek

Meteorologist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, USA

Suhaib Bin Farhan

Climate scientist at the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, Pakistan

Anil Kulkarni

Glaciologist at the Indian Institute of Science, India

Soroosh Sorooshian

Hydrologist at the University of California Irvine, USA

Wenjian Zhang

Assistant Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva, Switzerland; former Deputy Administrator of the China Meteorological Administration, China

David Grimes (Chair)

President of the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva, Switzerland; assistant deputy minister of Environment Canada, Canada

Tandong Yao (Chair)

Co-chair of the Third Pole Environment; former Director of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Relationship between aortic wall oxidative stress/proteolytic enzyme expression and intraluminal thrombus thickness indicates a novel pathomechanism in the progression of human abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Wiernicki Ireneusz , Parafiniuk Miroslaw , Kolasa-Wołosiuk Agnieszka , Gutowska Izabela , Kazimierczak Arkadiusz , Clark Jeremy , Baranowska-Bosiacka Irena , Szumilowicz Pawel , Gutowski Piotr
Published: October 2018

The possibility that oxidative stress promotes degradation of the extracellular matrix and a relationship between intraluminal thrombus (ILT) thickness and proteolytic activity within the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall has been suggested. In the present study, the hypothesis that thin ILT is correlated with an increase in oxidative stress–related enzymes and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression within the human AAA wall was investigated. We also studied the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and thioredoxin within the full‐thickness AAA wall and through fluoroimmunohistochemical staining of catalase and MMP‐9 expression within the inner and outer media, in relation to ILT thickness. Reactive oxygen species control the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix by up‐regulating proteolytic enzymes, such as MMPs. Results showed that oxidative stress and proteolytic enzyme expression were simultaneously, significantly higher within thin thrombus (≤10 mm)‐covered aneurysm wall when compared with the wall covered by thick thrombus (≥25 mm). These findings provide the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a causative link between oxidative stress instigating proteolytic enzyme expression at the tissue level and human AAA development. Presence of a thin circumferential thrombus should always be considered as a risk factor for the greatest increase in aneurysm growth rate and rupture, giving an indication for surgery timing.—Wiernicki, I., Parafiniuk, M., Kolasa‐Wołosiuk, A., Gutowska, I., Kazimierczak, A., Clark, J., Baranowska‐Bosiacka, I., Szumilowicz, P., Gutowski, P. Relationship between aortic wall oxidative stress/proteolytic enzyme expression and intraluminal thrombus thickness indicates a novel pathomechanism in the progression of human abdominal aortic aneurysm. FASEB J. 33, 885–895 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Case report: A fatal case of cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient due to Cryptococcus deuterogattii (AFLP6/VGII)
Authors: Bauer M. , Wickenhauser C. , Haak A. , Pazaitis N. , Siebolts U. , Mawrin C. , Strauss C. , Rickerts V. , Stoevesandt D. , Cornely O. A. , Meis J. F. , Hagen F.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Cryptococcosis in immunocompetent adults is a rare disease in Europe, mostly induced by members of the Cryptococcus gattii species complex. The diagnosis can be challenging due to its rarity, unspecific symptoms and long symptomless latency.

Case presentation. A 49-year-old woman with a three weeks history of headache was admitted to the hospital due to discrete ataxia and impaired vision. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a contrast-enhancing mass in the cerebellum. Further investigations detected a slight leukocytosis and a single subpleural nodule in the right inferior lung lobe. The cerebral lesion was surgically removed, and a direct frozen section only showed an unspecific inflammation. In the course of her admission she developed non-treatable cerebral edema and died ten days after surgical intervention. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen and postmortem evaluation of the lung and the cerebrum demonstrated fungal elements. Molecular identification of the fungal elements in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue lead to the diagnosis of cryptococcosis induced by C. gattii sensu lato. Molecular genetic analysis identified the involved cryptococcal species as genotype AFLP6/VGII, recently described as Cryptococcus deuterogattii, which is known to be endemic to the west-coast of Canada and the USA. Additional heteroanamnestic information revealed that she had spent her holidays on Vancouver Island, Canada, two years before disease onset, indicating that infection during this stay seems to be plausible.

Conclusion. Cryptococcosis due to C. deuterogattii is a rarely encountered fungal disease in Europe, not particularly associated with immunodeficiency, and infection is likely to be contracted in endemic areas. Due to its rarity, long symptomless latency, unspecific symptoms and misleading radiological features the diagnosis can be challenging. Physicians need to be aware of this differential diagnosis in immunocompetent patients, as early adequate therapy can be lifesaving.
Red squirrel territorial vocalizations deter intrusions by conspecific rivals
Authors: Siracusa Erin , Morandini Marina , Boutin Stan , Humphries Murray M. , Dantzer Ben , Lane Jeffrey , McAdam Andrew G.
Published: October 2018

In many species, territory defense is thought to be one of the primary functions of acoustic communication. North American red squirrels are a territorial species in which ‘rattles’ have long been thought to be the principal signal communicating territory ownership. These vocalizations have been assumed to deter intruders, thus reducing energy costs and the risk of injury associated with direct aggressive interactions. However, this hypothesis has not been directly tested. Here we used a speaker occupation experiment to test whether red squirrel rattles function to deter conspecific rivals. We studied 29 male squirrels and removed each individual from his territory twice in a paired design. During the experimental treatment we simulated the owner’s presence after its removal by broadcasting the owner’s rattle from a loudspeaker at the center of the territory once every seven minutes. During the control treatment the territory was left in silence after the temporary removal of the owner. We found that the presence of a speaker replacement reduced the probability of intrusion by 34% and increased the latency to first intrusion by 7%, providing support for the hypothesis that rattles play an active role in reducing intrusion risk. However, intrusions were not completely averted by the speaker replacement, indicating that vocalizations alone are not sufficient without other cues of the territory owner.
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for rapid and specificin vivodetection of norepinephrine
Authors: Feng Jiesi , Zhang Changmei , Lischinsky Julieta , Jing Miao , Zhou Jingheng , Wang Huan , Zhang Yajun , Dong Ao , Wu Zhaofa , Wu Hao , Chen Weiyu , Zhang Peng , Zou Jing , Andrew Hires S. , Julius Zhu J. , Cui Guohong , Lin Dayu , Du Jiulin , Li Yulong
Published: October 2018

Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), two key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes. However, their precise dynamics and regulation remain poorly characterized, in part due to limitations of available techniques for measuring these moleculesin vivo. Here, we developed a family ofGPCR Activation-BasedNE/Epi (GRABNE) sensors with a 230% peak ΔF/F0response to NE, good photostability, nanomolar-to-micromolar sensitivities, sub-second rapid kinetics, high specificity to NE vs. dopamine. Viral- or transgenic- mediated expression of GRABNEsensors were able to detect electrical-stimulation evoked NE release in the locus coeruleus (LC) of mouse brain slices, looming-evoked NE release in the midbrain of live zebrafish, as well as optogenetically and behaviorally triggered NE release in the LC and hypothalamus of freely moving mice. Thus, GRABNEsensors are a robust tool for rapid and specific monitoring ofin vivoNE/Epi transmission in both physiological and pathological processes.
Molecular profiles and mutation burden analysis in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chao , Shi Chunmei , Huang Xiaochun , Zheng Jianwei , Zhu Zhongyi , Li Qiaolian , Qiu Si , Huang Zhiqing , Zhuang Zhenkun , Wu Riping , Liu Panhong , Wu Fan , Lin Shanyun , Li Bo , Zhang Xiuqing , Chen Qiang
Published: October 2018

The goal of this work was to investigate the molecular profiles and mutation burden in Chinese patients with gastric carcinoma (GC). In total, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 74 GC patients with tumor and adjacent normal formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The mutation spectrum of these samples showed a high concordance with TCGA and other studies on GC. We found the alterations of 17 DNA repair genes (including BRCA2, POLE and MSH3, etc.) were strongly correlated with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) of GC patients. Patients with mutations of these genes tend to have high TMB (median of TMB = 12.77, p=2.3e-6) and TNB (median of TNB = 5.97, p= 2.8e-3). In addition, younger GC patients (age < 60) have lower TMB (p = 0.0021) and TNB (p = 0.034) than older patients (age >= 60). Furthermore, we found a list of 18 genes and two genomic regions (1p36.21 and Xq26.3) were associated with peritoneal metastasis (PM) of GC, and patients with amplification of 1p36.21 and Xq26.3 have a worse prognosis (p=0.002, 0.01, respectively). Our analysis provides GC patients with potential markers for single and combination therapies.
Drosophila scribblemutant tumors undergo a transition from a growth arrest state to a proliferative state over time
Authors: Ji Tiantian , Zhang Lina , Huang Shengshuo , Deng Mingxi , Wang Ying , Pham Tri Thanh , Cabernard Clemens , Wang Jiguang , Yan Yan
Published: October 2018

TheDrosophilaneoplastic tumor suppressor gene (nTSG) mutant tumors have successfully modeled many aspects of human tumor progression. However, the fly nTSG mutant tumors progress rapidly over days. This is in contrast with most human tumors which develop slowly, harbor heterogeneous cell populations for selection and undergo an evolution-like process. Whether the fast-growing fly nTSG mutant tumors have capacity for evolution remains unclear. Through quantitative analysis of thescribmutant tumor growth, we found that thescribmutant tumors evolve to display different growth rates and cell cycle profiles over time. Multiple growth-regulatory signaling pathways show quantitative differences in early versus latescribmutant tumors. These data suggest that thescribmutant tumors undergo a transition from a growth arrest state to a proliferative state. Through longitudinal single cell RNA (scRNA) data analysis we found that thescribmutant tumors harbor heterogeneous cell populations likely of distinct proliferative states, which are available for potential selection. This study raises the possibility of studying tumor evolution in a genetically accessible and fast-growing invertebrate tumor model.
Emotional Mirrors in the Rat’s Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Carrillo M , Han Y , Migliorati F , Liu M , Gazzola V , Keysers C
Published: October 2018

How do the emotions of others affect us? The human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) responds while experiencing pain in the self and witnessing pain in others, but underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show the ACC (area 24) contains neurons responding when a rat experiences pain and while witnessing another receive footshocks. Most of these do not respond to a fear conditioned tone (CS). Deactivating this region reduces freezing while witnessing footshocks to others but not while hearing the CS. A decoder trained on spike counts while witnessing footshocks can decode the animal’s own pain intensity when experiencing pain. Mirror-like neurons thus exist in ACC that encode the pain of others in a code shared with pain but not fear in the self.

One Sentence Summary:

ACC contains neurons responding selectively when a rat witnesses another’s pain and experiences pain in the self.
A glimpse at deep brain stimulation mechanisms using subthalamic nucleus optogenetic manipulations
Authors: Tiran-Cappello Alix , Pelloux Yann , Brocard Cécile , Degoulet Mickaël , Baunez Christelle
Published: October 2018

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is now a widely used therapeutic strategy, its precise mechanism remains largely unclear. Since this approach is progressively extended to treat non-motor disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, the comprehension of its effects on motivated behaviors appears of the upmost importance for a possible application for addiction. In intact rats, we used inhibition and high frequency optogenetic activation of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons to test whether or not we could reproduce the effects of electric deep brain stimulation on rats’ motivation for sweet food and cocaine. Rats’ motivation was assessed using fixed-ratio 5 and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement for both rewards and illumination was applied during behavioral testing. Efficiency of optogenetic manipulations has been validated using in-vitro electrophysiological recordings. Optogenetic inhibition of STN increased motivation for food and reduced motivation for cocaine. In contrast, optogenetic high frequency stimulation reduced the motivation for food without impacting motivation for cocaine. Optical inhibition mimics the effect of electric deep brain stimulation on food and cocaine motivation, confirming that the effects observed under electric DBS result from a specific inactivation of the STN. In contrast, optogenetic high frequency stimulation induces opposite effects to those of electric one, suggesting a stimulation of the STN that only seems to affect food motivation.
Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen extraction
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Esipova Tatiana V. , Sencan Ikbal , Kilic Kivilcim , Fu Buyin , Desjardins Michele , Moeini Mohammad , Kura Sreekanth , Yaseen Mohammad A. , Lesage Frederic , Østergaard Leif , Devor Anna , Boas David A. , Vinogradov Sergei A. , Sakadžić Sava
Published: October 2018

Our understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice at rest. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that homogenization of physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to a local brain metabolism increase. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of diseases that affect the cerebral microcirculation.

IMPACT STATEMENT

Homogenization of cortical capillary blood flow and oxygenation underpins an important mechanism, by which the microvascular network adapts to an increase in the local brain oxidative metabolism.
RERconverge: an R package for associating evolutionary rates with convergent traits
Authors: Kowalczyk Amanda , Meyer Wynn K , Partha Raghavendran , Mao Weiguang , Clark Nathan L , Chikina Maria
Published: October 2018

Motivation: When different lineages of organisms independently adapt to similar environments, selection often acts repeatedly upon the same genes, leading to signatures of convergent evolutionary rate shifts at these genes. With the increasing availability of genome sequences for organisms displaying a variety of convergent traits, the ability to identify genes with such convergent rate signatures would enable new insights into the molecular basis of these traits.

Results: Here we present the R package RERconverge, which tests for association between relative evolutionary rates of genes and the evolution of traits across a phylogeny. RERconverge can perform associations with binary and continuous traits, and it contains tools for visualization and enrichment analyses of association results.

Availability: RERconverge source code, documentation, and a detailed usage walk-through are freely available at https://github.com/nclark-lab/RERconverge. Datasets for mammals, Drosophila, and yeast are available at https://bit.ly/2J2QBnj.

Contact:mchikina@pitt.edu

Supplementary information: Supplementary information, containing detailed vignettes for usage of RERconverge, are available at Bioinformatics online.
High-Dimensional Representation of Texture in the Somatosensory Cortex of Primates
Authors: Lieber Justin D. , Bensmaia Sliman J.
Published: October 2018

In the somatosensory nerves, the tactile perception of texture is driven by spatial and temporal patterns of activation distributed across three populations of afferents. These disparate streams of information must then be integrated centrally to achieve a unified percept of texture. To investigate the representation of texture in somatosensory cortex, we scanned a wide range of natural textures across the fingertips of Rhesus macaques and recorded the responses evoked in Brodmann’s areas 3b, 1, and 2. We found that texture identity is reliably encoded in the idiosyncratic responses of populations of cortical neurons, giving rise to a high-dimensional representation of texture. Cortical neurons fall along a continuum in their sensitivity to fine vs. coarse texture, and neurons at the extrema of this continuum seem to receive their major input from different afferent populations. Finally, we show that cortical responses can account for several aspects of texture perception in humans.
Transcriptome evidence reveals enhanced autophagy-lysosomal function in centenarians
Authors: Xiao Fu-Hui , Chen Xiao-Qiong , Yu Qin , Ye Yunshuang , Liu Yao-Wen , Yan Dongjing , Yang Li-Qin , Chen Guijun , Lin Rong , Yang Liping , Liao Xiaoping , Zhang Wen , Zhang Wei , Tang Nelson Leung-Sang , Wang Xiao-Fan , Zhou Jumin , Cai Wang-Wei , He Yong-Han , Kong Qing-Peng
Published: October 2018

Centenarians (CENs) are excellent subjects to study the mechanisms of human longevity and healthy aging. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 76 centenarians, 54 centenarian-children, and 41 spouses of centenarian-children by RNA sequencing and found that, among the significantly differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) exhibited by CENs, the autophagy-lysosomal pathway is significantly up-regulated. Overexpression of several genes from this pathway, CTSB, ATP6V0C, ATG4D, and WIPI1, could promote autophagy and delay senescence in cultured IMR-90 cells, while overexpression of the Drosophila homolog of WIPI1, Atg18a, extended the life span in transgenic flies. Interestingly, the enhanced autophagy-lysosomal activity could be partially passed on to their offspring, as manifested by their higher levels of both autophagy-encoding genes and serum beclin 1 (BECN1). In light of the normal age-related decline of autophagy-lysosomal functions, these findings provide a compelling explanation for achieving longevity in, at least, female CENs, given the gender bias in our collected samples, and suggest that the enhanced waste-cleaning activity via autophagy may serve as a conserved mechanism to prolong the life span from Drosophila to humans.
Site occupancy of Fe2+, Fe3+and Ti4+in titanomagnetite determined by valence-difference contrast in synchrotron X-ray resonant scattering
Authors: Okube Maki , Oshiumi Taro , Nagase Toshiro , Miyawaki Ritsuro , Yoshiasa Akira , Sasaki Satoshi , Sugiyama Kazumasa
Published: October 2018

A synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of a single crystal of titanomagnetite shows that the cation distribution of Fe2+, Fe3+and Ti4+is of the inverse-spinel type. The valence-difference contrast (VDC) method of resonant scattering was applied at a wavelength of λ = 1.7441 Å (E= 7.1085 keV) within the pre-edge of the FeKabsorption spectrum, utilizing the large difference in the real part of anomalous scattering factors, between −7.45 and −6.50, for Fe2+and Fe3+, respectively. The most plausible atomic arrangement in Ti0.31Fe2.69O4obtained from our analysis is [Fe3+1.00]A[Fe3+0.38Fe2+1.31Ti4+0.31]BO4, whereAandBin anAB2O4-type structure correspond to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively. This result suggests that titanomagnetite has the complete inverse-spinel structure continuously from the end-member of magnetite, even in the case of relatively high Ti content. The physical properties may be described by the Néel model, which claims that Fe3+preferentially occupies the tetrahedral site, within a Ti-poor half-region of the solid solution. Based on the ordering scheme the magnetic structure of titanomagnetite is considered to be analogous to that of magnetite. The combination of circularly polarized X-rays and a horizontal-type four-circle diffractometer used in this VDC technique has the advantage of increasing the experimental accuracy and freedom with the simultaneous reduction of experimental noise.
Investigation of nitro–nitrito photoisomerization: crystal structures of trans-bis(acetylacetonato-O,O′)(pyridine/4-methylpyridine/3-hydroxypridine)nitrocobalt(III)
Authors: Ohba Shigeru , Tsuchimoto Masanobu , Miyazaki Hiroki
Published: October 2018

The reaction cavities of the nitro groups in the title compounds, trans-bis(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)(nitro)(pyridine-κN)cobalt(III), [Co(C5H7O2)2(NO2)(C5H5N)], (I), trans-bis(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)(4-methylpyridine-κN)(nitro)cobalt(III), [Co(C5H7O2)2(NO2)(C6H7N)], (II), and trans-bis(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)(3-hydroxypyridine-κN)(nitro)cobalt(III) monohydrate, [Co(C5H7O2)2(NO2)(C5H5NO)]·H2O, (III), have been investigated to reveal that bifurcated intermolecular C(py)—H...O,O contacts in (III) are unfeasible for the nitro–nitrito photochemical linkage isomerization process. In each structure, the pyridine ring and the Co atom lie on a crystallographic mirror plane; in (I) and (II) the nitro group lies in the same plane, whereas in (III), which crystallizes as a monohydrate, the nitro group is disordered over three orientations in a 0.672 (16):0.164 (8):0.164 (8) ratio; the water molecule of crystallization is statistically disordered over two sites adjacent to the mirror plane. In the crystals of (I) and (II), the molecules are linked into [100] chains by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, whereas the extended structure of (III) features (010) layers linked by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Compounds (I) and (II) were refined as inversion twins.
Identity, employability and entrepreneurship: the ChANGE framework of graduate attributes
Authors: Maxwell Rachel , Armellini Alejandro
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an evidence-based, transferable framework of graduate attributes and associated university toolkit to support the writing of level-appropriate learning outcomes that enable the university to achieve its mission to Transform Lives + Inspire Change.

Design/methodology/approach

An iterative process of co-design and co-development was employed to produce both the framework and the associated learning outcomes toolkit.

Findings

There is tangible benefit in adopting an integrated framework that enables students to develop personal literacy and graduate identity. The toolkit enables staff to write assessable learning outcomes that support student progression and enable achievement of the framework objective.

Research limitations/implications

While the framework has been in use for two years, institutional use of the toolkit is still in its early stages. Phase 2 of the project will explore how effectively the toolkit achieves the framework objective.

Practical implications

The introduction of a consistent, integrated framework enables students to develop and actively increase personal literacy through the deliberate construction of their unique graduate identity.

Social implications

Embedding the institutional Changemaker attributes alongside the agreed employability skills enables students to develop and articulate specifically what it means to be a “Northampton graduate”.

Originality/value

The uniqueness of this project is the student-centred framework and the combination of curricular, extra- and co-curricular initiatives that provide a consistent language around employability across disciplines. This is achieved through use of the learning outcomes toolkit to scaffold student progression.
Antecedents and outcomes of Hungarian nurses’ career adaptability
Authors: Pajic Sofija , Keszler Ádám , Kismihók Gábor , Mol Stefan T. , Den Hartog Deanne N.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

With the ageing global population the demand for nursing jobs and the requirements for complex care provision are increasing. In consequence, nursing professionals need to be ready to adapt, obtain variety of skills and engage in career self-management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate individual, micro-level, resources and behaviors that can facilitate matching processes between nursing professionals and their jobs.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey-based study was conducted among 314 part-time and full-time nursing professionals in Hungary.

Findings

Consistent with the career construction theory, this study offers evidence on career adaptability as a self-regulatory resource that might stimulate nurses’ adaptation outcomes. Specifically, it demonstrates positive relationships between adaptive readiness (proactive personality and conscientiousness), career adaptability, adapting behaviors (career planning and proactive skill development) and adaptation outcomes (employability and in-role performance).

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional design limits causal inference. Relatively small sample of full-time professionals for whom supervisory-ratings were obtained yields the need of further replication.

Practical implications

Stimulating development of nurses’ career adaptability, career planning, and proactive skill development can contribute to sustainable career management. It can facilitate the alignment of nurses to performance requirements of their current jobs, preventing individual person-job mismatch.

Originality/value

Zooming into the context of nursing professionals in Hungary, the study elucidates the understudied link between adaptivity and adapting responses and answers the call for more research that employs other-ratings of adaptation outcomes. It demonstrates the value of career adaptability resources for nurses’ employability and in-role performance.
The effectiveness of Qard-al-Hasan (interest free loan) as a tool of monetary policy
Authors: Selim Mohammad
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the macroeconomic effects of Qard-al-Hasan (QH) as a tool of monetary policy (MP) and its effectiveness in achieving full employment and price stability in the economy.

Design/methodology/approach

QH-based MP and its effects on major macroeconomic variables are examined on theoretical ground by using the standard aggregate output and aggregate expenditure model within the framework of Islamic economic principles.

Findings

QH-based MP positively influences real sectors of the economy and increases output, and the economy returns to full employment. QH provides the lowest possible borrowing costs across the economy and thus triggers rightward shift in aggregate supply curve and thus increases output and lowers price level. In addition, increase in output eliminates excess demand or shortages and thus maintains price stability. Furthermore, QH-based MP also increases exportable surplus and exports, decreases imports as well as increases inflow of funds and foreign currency reserves with the Central Bank and thus makes MP more effective.

Research limitations/implications

QH-based MP is usually expansionary MP, and as such, it can be argued that there is a probability that QH-based MP may lead to higher inflation rate. However, in this study, it has been shown with real world data in Table II, that 23 countries in Group 1 have pursued zero or negative interest rate policy and their experiences mitigate such probability.

Originality/value

This is, perhaps, the first paper that presents a complete model of QH as a tool of MP with fully explained transmission mechanism. This is new contribution in the literature of Islamic finance where theoretical model on QH is systematically developed and applied as an effective tool of MP in attaining full employment and price stability. This model of QH-based MP can unfold a new horizon of uninterrupted economic growth, full employment and price stability by increasing output and employment, as well as by eliminating excess demand or shortages.
The influence of negative publicity on brand equity: attribution, image, attitude and purchase intention
Authors: Yu Mingzhou , Liu Fang , Lee Julie , Soutar Geoff
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to understand the influence of negative publicity on brand image, brand attitude and brand purchase intention. Specifically, the study examines the role of attribution (or brand blame) and information characteristics in Chinese consumers’ responses to negative publicity.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a quasi-experimental approach involving two negative publicity scenarios (mild and high severity) and a sample of 203 young and educated Chinese consumers. Partial least squares was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

A common assumption is that negative brand information has a negative influence on all aspects of a brand. However, this study finds that brand blame and information severity have differential effects on consumer evaluations of the affected brand. Specifically, brand blame negatively impacted attitudes and purchase intentions, but not brand image. In contrast, information severity negatively impacted brand image, but not attitudes or intentions. Further, the relations between brand image and brand attitudes and intentions depended on the level of information severity. In the mild-severity condition, brand image positively influenced attitudes and intentions, but not in the high-severity condition.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should examine consumer responses to negative publicity across different media and product categories. Cross-cultural studies should also be explored in the future.

Practical implications

When a brand encounters negative publicity, its marketer or brand manager should assess to what extent various brand equity components are influenced by negative publicity before adopting any cognitive-based or imagery-based communication strategies.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the limited and fragmented literature on consumer response to negative publicity by examining the impact of consumer’s attributions of blame to the brand under conditions of mild and severe negative information on a range of important brand-related outcomes. Specifically, the authors find that negative publicity has a different impact on brand image, brand attitudes and intentions to purchase. The authors suggest that brand managers use this information to guide their marketing communications.
Worker representation and temporary employment in Germany
Authors: Addison John T. , Teixeira Paulino , Grunau Philipp , Bellmann Lutz
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of key labor institutions on the occurrence and extent of temporary employment.

Design/methodology/approach

In a new departure, this study uses a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model given that most establishments are non-users of either fixed-term contracts (FTCs) or temporary agency workers.

Findings

This study examines the potential impact of works councils and unions on the use and intensity of use of FTCs and temporary agency work. There is a little indication that these variables are correlated with the use/non-use of either type of temporary work, especially in the case of FTCs. Collective bargaining displays different relationships with their intensity of use: a negative association for sectoral bargaining and FTCs and the converse for firm-level bargaining and agency temps. Of more interest, however, is the covariation between the number of temporary employees and the interaction between works councils and product market volatility. The intensity of use of agency temps (FTCs) is predicted to rise (fall) as volatility increases whenever a works council is present. These disparities require further investigation but most likely reflect differences in function, with agency work being more directed toward the protection of an arguably shrinking core and fixed-term contacts encountering resistance to their increased use as a buffer stock. The two types of temporary employment are seemingly non-complementary, an interpretation that receives support from the study’s further analysis of FTC flow data.

Research limitations/implications

The non-complementarity of the two types of contract is the hallmark of this paper.

Originality/value

The first study to deploy a ZINB model to examine both the occurrence and incidence of temporary work.
Public resources allocation using an uncertain cooperative game among vulnerable groups
Authors: Liang Pei , Hu Junhua , Liu Yongmei , Chen Xiaohong
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to solve the problem of public resource allocation among vulnerable groups by proposing a new method called uncertainα-coordination value based on uncertain cooperative game.

Design/methodology/approach

First, explicit forms of uncertain Shapley value with Chouqet integral form and uncertain centre-of-gravity of imputation-set (CIS) value are defined separately on the basis of uncertainty theory and cooperative game. Then, a convex combination of the two values above called the uncertainα-coordination value is used as the best solution. This study proves that the proposed methods meet the basic properties of cooperative game.

Findings

The uncertainα-coordination value is used to solve a public medical resource allocation problem in fuzzy coalitions and uncertain payoffs. Compared with other methods, theα-coordination value can solve such problem effectively because it balances the worries of vulnerable group’s further development and group fairness.

Originality/value

In this paper, an extension of classical cooperative game called uncertain cooperative game is proposed, in which players choose any level of participation in a game and relate uncertainty with the value of the game. A new function called uncertainα-Coordination value is proposed to allocate public resources amongst vulnerable groups in an uncertain environment, a topic that has not been explored yet. The definitions of uncertain Shapley value with Choquet integral form and uncertainCISvalue are proposed separately to establish uncertainα-Coordination value.
Rehearsing resilience(and beyond)
Authors: Ryland Megan , Scholte Tom
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to demonstrate the value of forum theatre as a means to promote second-order awareness of workplace conflict and to further pragmatise cyber-systemic awareness to a wider public.

Design/methodology/approach

A blended methodology rooted in grounded theory and action research is used to assess the individual learning of participants in a forum theatre intensive studying workplace conflict. The results are then briefly theorised through the lens of second-order cybernetics.

Findings

Data indicate significant growth in self, other and context awareness among participants. All three of these competencies can reasonably be considered components of second-order observation.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size thus far is, because of the time and resource constraints of the project, quite small, but the results strongly suggest a “proof of concept” that invites further study.

Practical implications

Institutions of various types that experience workplace conflict may be inspired to use similar methods. Cyberneticians and system scientists may also wish to avail themselves of these methods to communicate fundamental cyber-systemic concepts to a wider public.

Social implications

Buoyed by an empirical demonstration of its effectiveness in facilitating greater self-reflection and alternative action in situations of conflict, a wider uptake of forum theatre technique (and the cyber-systemic concepts entailed), can make a significant contribution to the resolution/dissolution of a variety of conflicts across society.

Originality/value

This is the only empirical investigation of the outcomes of forum theatre known to the authors. It is certainly unique in its second-order cybernetic framework.
Preparation of the polymerizable titania oriented to 3D printing and the laser-induced crystallization
Authors: Liu Feng , Xie Shaoai , Wang Yan , Yu Jianjun , Meng Qinghua
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The titania (titanium dioxide) is one of the important functional additives in the photosensitive resin and encounters the problem of stabilization in the photosensitive resin for 3D printing. This study aims to achieve enhancement in stabilization by preparation of the polymerizable titania and in situ laser-induced crystallization during 3D printing.

Design/methodology/approach

A type of polymerizable titania (AAEM@TiO2) was designed and prepared from tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AAEM) via the sol–gel process, which was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectra, surface bonding efficiency (SBE) and settling height (H). AAEM acted on both bonding to the titania and polymerization with the monomer in resin for stabilization. The polymerizable titania could be converted to the pigmented titania by means of laser-induced crystallization. The photosensitive resin was then formulated on the basis of optimization and used in a stereolithography apparatus (SLA) for 3D printing.

Findings

The stabilization effect of AAEM on TiO2 was achieved and the mechanism of competition in the light-consuming reactions during photocuring was proposed. The ratio of nAAEM/nTBT in AAEM@TiO2, the concentration of AAEM@TiO2 and photoinitiator (PI) used in the photosensitive resin were optimized. The anatase crystal form was indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and clustering of nanocrystals was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after SLA 3D printing.

Originality/value

This investigation provides a novel method of pigmentation by preparation of the polymerizable titania and in situ laser-induced crystallization for SLA 3D printing.
Direct rapid manufacturing of molds with conformal cooling channels
Authors: Shinde Mahesh S. , Ashtankar Kishor Mahadeorao , Kuthe Abhaykumar M. , Dahake Sandeep W. , Mawale Mahesh B.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This review paper aims to provide an overview of applications of direct rapid manufacturing assisted mold with conformal cooling channels (CCCs) and shows the potential of this technique in different manufacturing processes.

Design/methodology/approach

Key publications from the past two decades have been reviewed.

Findings

This study concludes that direct rapid manufacturing technique plays a dominant role in the manufacturing of mold with complicated CCC structure which helps to improve the quality of final part and productivity. The outcome based on literature review and case study strongly suggested that in the near future direct rapid manufacturing method might become standard procedure in various manufacturing processes for fabrication of complex CCCs in the mold.

Practical implications

Advanced techniques such as computer-aided design, computer-aided engineering simulation and direct rapid manufacturing made it possible to easily fabricate the effective CCC in the mold in various manufacturing processes.

Originality/value

This paper is beneficial to study the direct rapid manufacturing technique for development of the mold with CCC and its applications in different manufacturing processes.