bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum chest compression point might be located rightwards to the maximum diameter of the right ventricle: A preliminary, retrospective observational study
Authors: Kim Hyoungouk , Chon Sung‐Bin , Yoo Seung Min , Choi Himchan , Park Kwang‐Yeol
Published: March 2020

Background

Some researchers have reported that applying compression closer to the maximum diameter of the left ventricle (Point_max.LV) is associated with worse clinical outcomes, challenging its traditional position as optimum compression point (Point_optimum). By locating the mid‐sternum (the actual compression site) in terms of Point_max.LV and its right ventricular equivalent (Point_max.RV), we aimed to determine its optimum horizontal position associated with increased chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Methods

A retrospective, cross‐sectional study was performed at a university hospital from 2014 to 2019 on non‐traumatic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims who underwent chest computed tomography. On absolute x‐axis, we designated the x‐coordinate of the mid‐sternum (x_mid‐sternum) as 0 and leftward direction as positive. Re‐defining the x‐coordinate of Point_max.RV and Point_max.LV as 0 and 1 interventricular unit (IVU), respectively, we could convert x_mid‐sternum to “−x_max.RV/(x_max.LV − x_max.RV) (IVU).” Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we investigated whether this converted x_mid‐sternum was associated with clinical outcomes, adjusting core elements of the Utstein template.

Results

Among 887 non‐traumatic OHCA victims, 124 [64.4 ± 16.7 years, 43 women (34.7%)] were enrolled. Of these, 80 (64.5%) exhibited ROSC. X_mid‐sternum ranging from −1.71 to 0.58 (−0.36 ± 0.38) IVU was categorised into quintiles: <−0.60, −0.60 to −0.37, −0.37 to −0.22, −0.22 to −0.07 and ≥−0.07 (reference) IVU. The first quintile was positively associated with ROSC (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 9.43 [1.44, 63.3]).

Conclusion

Point_optimum might be located far rightwards to Point_max.RV, challenging the traditional assumption identifying Point_optimum as Point_max.LV.
Associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Skrzynski Carillon J. , Creswell Kasey G.
Published: March 2020

Background and aims

Emerging evidence suggests that solitary drinking may be an important early risk marker for alcohol use disorder. The current paper is the first meta‐analysis and systematic review on adolescent and young adult solitary drinking to examine associations between solitary drinking and increased alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and drinking to cope motives.

Methods

PsychINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology and a pre‐registered International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) protocol (no. CRD42020143449). Data from self‐report questionnaires regarding negative correlates of solitary drinking (e.g. alcohol problems) and solitary drinking motives (e.g. drinking to cope) were pooled across studies using random‐effects models. Studies included adolescents (aged 12–18 years) and young adults (mean age between 18 and 30 years or samples with the majority of participants aged 30 years or younger).

Results

Meta‐analytical results from 21 unique samples including 28,372 participants showed significant effects for the associations between solitary drinking and the following factors: increased alcohol consumption, r = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12, 0.33; drinking problems, r = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.32; negative affect, r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.16, 0.26; social discomfort, r = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.27; negative reinforcement, r = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.31; and positive reinforcement, r = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.17. These associations were not moderated by age group (i.e. adolescent versus young adult), study quality, or differing solitary drinking definitions. Accounting for publication bias increased the effect sizes from r = 0.23 to 0.34 for alcohol consumption and from r = 0.23 to 0.30 for drinking problems, and lowered it from r = 0.10 to 0.06 and r = 0.17 to 0.11 for positive reinforcement and social discomfort, respectively.

Conclusions

Solitary drinking among adolescents and young adults appears to be associated with psychosocial/alcohol problems and drinking to cope motives.
Dependence on e‐cigarettes and cigarettes in a cross‐sectional study of US adults
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Sembower Mark A.
Published: March 2020

Background and aims

Cigarette smoking often results in nicotine dependence. With use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative source of nicotine, it is important to assess dependence associated with e‐cigarette use. This study assesses dependence among current and former adult e‐cigarette users on cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, compared with dependence on cigarettes.

Design

Cross‐sectional data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study from 2013–2016. Psychometrically assessed dependence was compared for cigarettes and e‐cigarettes among current and former exclusive and dual users of the products and among e‐cigarette users who had and had not recently stopped smoking.

Setting

A population‐based representative sample of US adults.

Participants

Participants were 13 311 US adults (18+) in Waves 1–3 of PATH reporting current established smoking, current use of e‐cigarettes, or stopping use of either product in the past year who were administered dependence assessments for cigarettes and/or e‐cigarettes.

Measurements

A 16‐item scale assessing tobacco dependence (on a 1–5 scale), previously validated for assessment and comparison of dependence on varied tobacco products, including cigarettes and e‐cigarettes, with a variation assessing residual dependence among users who stopped in the past year.

Findings

Among current users, dependence on e‐cigarettes was significantly lower than dependence on cigarettes, in within‐subjects comparisons among dual users of both e‐cigarettes and cigarettes (1.58 [SE = 0.05] vs. 2.76 [0.04]), P < 0.0001), and in separate groups of e‐cigarette users and cigarette smokers (1.95 [0.05] vs. 2.52 [0.02], P < 0.0001), and among both daily and non‐daily users of each product. Among former users, residual symptoms were significantly lower for e‐cigarettes than cigarettes, both among former dual users (1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06], P < 0.001) and among users of one product (1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03], P < 0.0001). The highest level of e‐cigarette dependence was among e‐cigarette users who had stopped smoking (2.17 [0.08]). Conclusion

Use of e‐cigarettes appears to be consistently associated with lower nicotine dependence than cigarette smoking.
Yield of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) using the fly Calliphora albifrontalis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as a pollinator
Authors: Cook David F , Deyl Robert A , Mickan Bede S , Howse Elliot T
Published: March 2020

Southern highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum hybrid) from a commercial blueberry farm were placed in quarantine glasshouses and either exposed to adults of the western golden‐haired blowfly Calliphora albifrontalis (Malloch) or no insects at all over a 21‐week period. Laboratory reared C. albifrontalis were regularly released into one house to maintain a population of 1000–1500 flies. Flies could only obtain sugar from the plant flowers, and there was sufficient water from the leachate fraction draining out of each bagged plant. Berries were harvested at least twice weekly from the bushes over 21 weeks (46 harvest dates), and yield (both total berry weight and numbers) recorded. Temperature and humidity were very similar between the glasshouses, and plants were irrigated daily with 2.5–4 L/plant as per the producer's recommendations. Adult C. albifrontalis required at least 1.5 flowers/fly to survive. Both more berries (17.14 kg from 9108 berries vs. 10.43 kg from 6379 berries) and larger berries (1.88 vs. 1.63 g/berry) were produced by the bushes with adult C. albifrontalis present. Mature berries are ready to pick ≈10 weeks after flower opening. This study showed that yield between the two treatments began to differ 11 weeks after the flies were first released. Berry yield remained higher in the house with flies (11.29 kg from 6177 berries at 1.83 g/berry) compared with those plants without flies (4.98 kg from 3427 berries at 1.45 g/berry. Berry size was positively correlated with seed numbers. This is the first demonstration under controlled conditions of the ability of an Australian calliphorid blowfly to pollinate and increase yield of commercial blueberry bushes.
Live birth after robotic‐assisted live donor uterus transplantation
Authors: Brännström Mats , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla , Kvarnström Niclas , Akouri Randa , Rova Karin , Olausson Michael , Groth Klaus , Ekberg Jana , Enskog Anders , Sheikhi Mona , Mölne Johan , Bokström Hans
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The proof‐of‐concept of uterus transplantation, as a treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility, came with the first live birth after uterus transplantation, which took place in Sweden in 2014. This was after a live donor procedure, with laparotomy in both donor and recipient. In our second, ongoing trial we introduced a robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery of the donor to develop minimal invasive surgery for this procedure. Here, we report the surgery and pregnancy behind the first live birth from that trial.

Material and methods

In the present study, within a prospective observational study, a 62‐year‐old mother was the uterus donor and her 33‐year‐old daughter with uterine absence as part of the Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Küster‐Hauser syndrome, was the recipient. Donor surgery was mainly done by robotic‐assisted laparoscopy, involving dissections of the utero‐vaginal fossa, arteries and ureters. The last part of surgery was by laparotomy. Recipient laparotomy included vascular anastomoses to the external iliac vessels. Data relating to in vitro fertilization, surgery, follow up, obstetrics and postnatal growth are presented.

Results

Three in vitro fertilization cycles prior to transplantation gave 12 cryopreserved embryos. The surgical time of the donor in the robot was 360 minutes, according to protocol. The durations for robotic surgery for dissections of the utero‐vaginal fossa, arteries and ureters were 30, 160 and 84 minutes, respectively. The remainder of donor surgery was by laparotomy. Recipient surgery included preparations of the vaginal vault, three end‐to‐side anastomoses (one arterial, two venous) on each side to the external iliacs and fixation of the uterus. Ten months after transplantation, one blastocyst was transferred and resulted in pregnancy, which proceeded uneventfully until elective cesarean section in week 36+1. A healthy boy (Apgar 9‐10‐10) was delivered. Follow up of child has been uneventful for 12 months.

Conclusions

This is the first report of a live birth after use of robotic‐assisted laparoscopy in uterus transplantation and is thereby a proof‐of‐concept of use of minimal invasive surgery in this new type of transplantation.
Moral organizational creativity: Exploring ethical antecedents for a new construct
Authors: Mnisri Kamel , Wasieleski David
Published: March 2020

The objective of this article is to provide the means of supporting the coexistence of creativity and ethics at the organizational level. It contributes to the literature by offering a process model that shows how organizational creativity can be combined with ethics. This work begins by examining how the features of ethical work climates may affect creativity in organizations. We advocate the position that an organization can be both creative and moral through the triggering of moral imagination, dependent in part on the type of ethical work climate espoused in the workplace. As a result, we offer a new formulation of organizational creativity that includes an explicit ethical dimension: moral organizational creativity. This expanded concept treats the dominant elements of ethical work climates and moral imagination as essential ingredients of ethical and organizational creativity. Investigating the link between ethical work climates and moral imagination is meaningful to understanding how an organization can address the requirements of creativity and ethics and therefore enhance organizational creativity.
What do young people who self‐harm find helpful? A comparative study of young people with and without experience of being looked after in care
Authors: Holland Josephine , Sayal Kapil , Berry Alexandra , Sawyer Chelsea , Majumder Pallab , Vostanis Panos , Armstrong Marie , Harroe Caroline , Clarke David , Townsend Ellen
Published: March 2020

Background

Self‐harm amongst young people is an increasing problem, with looked‐after young people at higher risk. Despite this, little research exists on what young people who self‐harm find helpful.

Method

One hundred and twenty‐six 11–21 year olds (53 who had experience of the care system and 73 who did not) were recruited from the community and NHS. All participants had self‐harmed in the past 6 months. Participants completed an Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐interview (ACASI) regarding their views about the support they had received, how helpful it was, and what further help they felt they needed.

Results

Looked‐after young people reported the three most helpful sources of support were Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), friends and pets and the least helpful were CAMHS, Accident and Emergency (A&E) and Social services. For non‐looked‐after young people, CAMHS, counselling and Harmless (user‐led support service for self‐harm) were most helpful and CAMHS, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and general practitioner (GP) were the least. Compared with the other group, more looked‐after young people had received help from A&E and CAMHS, whereas more non‐looked‐after young people had accessed GPs, parents, psychological therapies, self‐help books and websites. More looked‐after young people found support groups helpful, and more non‐looked‐after young people reported that distraction techniques, medication and their siblings were helpful.

Conclusion

Young people who self‐harm have mixed views about CAMHS. Differences in the pattern of access and preferences for support between looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people should be reflected in service availability and commissioning.

Key Practitioner Message

Little is known about what young people who self‐harm find helpful, particularly for looked‐after young people.

CAMHS was named amongst the most helpful and the least helpful services by both looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people.

Social services and A&E were frequently cited amongst the least helpful sources of support.

Young people report finding informal support helpful, including family and friends.

There appears to be a need for explorations of the reasons behind the apparent negative perception of statutory services in young people, and what is required to shift that.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary bladder in a young man suspected and confirmed on urine cytology
Authors: Ramasubramanian Niranjani , Stephen Norton , Gochhait Debasis , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa , Penumadu Prasanth , Subramani Pradeep , Ramesh Ananthakrishnan
Published: March 2020

Mesenchymal tumors in the urinary bladder are very uncommon and their detection in urine cytology is rarer still. Mesenchymal tumors like rhabomyosarcoma must be suspected especially in young patients with appropriate morphology and confirmed with immunohistochemical markers.
Cytological diagnosis of cervical tuberculosis in a woman with cervical growth
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: March 2020

Tuberculosis of the female genital tract is often difficult to diagnose owing to the variable and non‐specific clinical presentations in these patients. Cervical tuberculosis is rare and a proportion of these patients may present with cervical growth, which may clinically mimic cervical carcinoma. Cervical Papanicolaou smear examination is a non‐invasive and inexpensive test that can be used to establish a diagnosis of cervical TB in these patients.
Endoscopy‐guided suction method for residual food in the stomach caused by the obstruction of a duodenal stent
Authors: Minoda Yosuke , Komori Keishi , Fujimori Nao
Published: March 2020

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Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: Missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy?
Authors: Klein Pavel , Friedman Alon , Hameed Mustafa Q. , Kaminski Rafal M. , Bar‐Klein Guy , Klitgaard Henrik , Koepp Mathias , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Prince David A. , Rotenberg Alexander , Twyman Roy , Vezzani Annamaria , Wong Michael , Löscher Wolfgang
Published: March 2020

Prevention of epilepsy is a great unmet need. Acute central nervous system (CNS) insults such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and CNS infections account for 15%‐20% of all epilepsy. Following TBI and CVA, there is a latency of days to years before epilepsy develops. This allows treatment to prevent or modify postinjury epilepsy. No such treatment exists. In animal models of acquired epilepsy, a number of medications in clinical use for diverse indications have been shown to have antiepileptogenic or disease‐modifying effects, including medications with excellent side effect profiles. These include atorvastatin, ceftriaxone, losartan, isoflurane, N‐acetylcysteine, and the antiseizure medications levetiracetam, brivaracetam, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, vigabatrin, and eslicarbazepine acetate. In addition, there are preclinical antiepileptogenic data for anakinra, rapamycin, fingolimod, and erythropoietin, although these medications have potential for more serious side effects. However, except for vigabatrin, there have been almost no translation studies to prevent or modify epilepsy using these potentially “repurposable” medications. We may be missing an opportunity to develop preventive treatment for epilepsy by not evaluating these medications clinically. One reason for the lack of translation studies is that the preclinical data for most of these medications are disparate in terms of types of injury, models within different injury type, dosing, injury–treatment initiation latencies, treatment duration, and epilepsy outcome evaluation mode and duration. This makes it difficult to compare the relative strength of antiepileptogenic evidence across the molecules, and difficult to determine which drug(s) would be the best to evaluate clinically. Furthermore, most preclinical antiepileptogenic studies lack information needed for translation, such as dose–blood level relationship, brain target engagement, and dose‐response, and many use treatment parameters that cannot be applied clinically, for example, treatment initiation before or at the time of injury and dosing higher than tolerated human equivalent dosing. Here, we review animal and human antiepileptogenic evidence for these medications. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge for each molecule that need to be filled in order to consider clinical translation, and we suggest a platform of preclinical antiepileptogenesis evaluation of potentially repurposable molecules or their combinations going forward.
Long‐term changes in littoral fish community structure and resilience of total catch to re‐oligotrophication in a large, peri‐alpine European lake
Authors: Sabel Maike , Eckmann Reiner , Jeppesen Erik , Rösch Roland , Straile Dietmar
Published: March 2020

The littoral zone of lakes is used as spawning, shelter, or feeding habitat for many fish species and hence is of key importance for overall lake functioning. Despite this, hardly any studies exist examining the long‐term dynamics and response of the littoral fish community, composed mostly of juvenile fish, to environmental change. Here, we study the response of total catch per unit effort (CPUE) and individual species CPUE of such a community to 17 years of oligotrophication and examine whether the species responses can be characterised as synchronous or asynchronous.

We analyse a data set of beach seine catches carried out during morning and twilight, late spring and late summer at three sites in large and deep Lake Constance from 1997 to 2014. Generalised additive mixed models were used to explore changes in CPUE of the overall community and of the most frequently occurring species, and Kendall's W test was applied to examine whether the dynamics of fish species were synchronous or asynchronous.

Species‐specific and total CPUE strongly differed between morning and twilight and between spring and summer indicating an important role of behavioural and life cycle adaptations of species for CPUE. In addition, also the CPUE of some species seeking shelter behind larger stones was lower at sites without these.

Total CPUE did not decline suggesting the overall abundance of littoral fish was resilient to declining nutrients. In contrast, fish community composition changed strongly during the study period due to increases in some species (dace, loach, perch) and decreases in others (bream, burbot, chub, ruffe), indicating response diversity of fish to oligotrophication. The type of community dynamics was scale‐dependent, whereby significantly synchronous dynamics according to Kendall's W were observed when taking seasonal variability into account. In contrast, significantly asynchronous species dynamics were observed when only the low‐frequency variability of species dynamics was considered separately for spring and summer time series.

Resilience of littoral fish total CPUE to oligotrophication might have important consequences for ecosystem dynamics and ecosystem services beyond the littoral zone. As small fish often impose strong predation pressure on zooplankton, their resilience might sustain a high top‐down control on zooplankton resulting in a further reduction of zooplankton biomass. This could contribute to delayed food web responses and reduced growth of fish with oligotrophication.
Altered climate leads to positive density‐dependent feedbacks in a tropical wet forest
Authors: Bachelot Benedicte , Alonso‐Rodríguez Aura M. , Aldrich‐Wolfe Laura , Cavaleri Molly A. , Reed Sasha C. , Wood Tana E.
Published: March 2020

Climate change is predicted to result in warmer and drier Neotropical forests relative to current conditions. Negative density‐dependent feedbacks, mediated by natural enemies, are key to maintaining the high diversity of tree species found in the tropics, yet we have little understanding of how projected changes in climate are likely to affect these critical controls. Over 3 years, we evaluated the effects of a natural drought and in situ experimental warming on density‐dependent feedbacks on seedling demography in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico. In the +4°C warming treatment, we found that seedling survival increased with increasing density of the same species (conspecific). These positive density‐dependent feedbacks were not associated with a decrease in aboveground natural enemy pressure. If positive density‐dependent feedbacks are not transient, the diversity of tropical wet forests, which may rely on negative density dependence to drive diversity, could decline in a future warmer, drier world.
A global perspective on the climate‐driven growth synchrony of neighbouring trees
Authors: Tejedor Ernesto , Serrano‐Notivoli Roberto , de Luis Martin , Saz Miguel Angel , Hartl Claudia , St. George Scott , Büntgen Ulf , Liebhold Andrew M. , Vuille Mathias , Esper Jan
Published: March 2020

Aim

Previous work demonstrated the global variability of synchrony in tree growth within populations, that is, the covariance of the year‐to‐year variability in growth of individual neighbouring trees. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the causes of this variability and its trajectories through time. Here, we examine whether climate can explain variation in within‐population synchrony (WPS) across space but also through time and we develop models capable of explaining this variation. These models can be applied to the global tree cover under current and future climate change scenarios.

Location

Global.

Time period

1901–2012.

Major taxa studied

Trees.

Methods

We estimated WPS values from a global tree‐ring width database consisting of annual growth increment measurements from multiple trees at 3,579 sites. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to infer the drivers of WPS variability and temporal trends of global WPS. We then predicted WPS values across the global extent of tree cover. Finally, we applied our model to predict future WPS based on the RCP 8.5 (2045–2065 period) emission scenario.

Results

Areas with the highest WPS are characterized by a combination of environments with both high mean annual temperature (>10°C) and low precipitation (<300 mm). Average WPS across all temperate forests has decreased historically and will continue to decrease. Potential implications of these patterns include changes in forest dynamics, such as higher tree growth and productivity and an increase in carbon sequestration. In contrast, the WPS of tropical forests of Central and South America will increase in the near future owing to reduced annual precipitation.

Main conclusions

Climate explains WPS variability in space and time. We suggest that WPS might have value as an integrative ecological measure of the level of environmental stress to which forests are subjected and therefore holds potential for diagnosing effects of global climate change on tree growth.
Liveweight gain of beef cattle in Brachiaria brizantha pastures and mixtures with Stylosanthes guianensis in the Brazilian savannah
Authors: Braga Gustavo José , Ramos Allan Kardec Braga , Carvalho Marcelo Ayres , Fonseca Carlos Eduardo Lazarini , Fernandes Francisco Duarte , Fernandes Celso Dornellas
Published: March 2020

The use of stylosanthes in mixed grass‐legume pastures may minimize the decline in forage quality and quantity that occurs in monoculture grass pastures, even though the availability of commercial cultivars in Brazil is still limited. The objective of the study was to evaluate the liveweight (LW) gain of young Nellore bulls in a mixed pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Paiaguás) with the latest release Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Bela. The study was conducted in Planaltina, FD, Brazil, from September to August in two consecutive years, right after seeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two treatments (mixed or monoculture Paiaguás pastures) and three replicates. The average daily gain (ADG) was on average greater in mixed pastures (0.436 vs. 0.350 kg head−1 day−1 in mixed and grass pastures respectively), particularly in the dry period (0.344 vs. 0.183 kg head−1 day−1). The benefit of mixed over monoculture grass pastures throughout the year was 22 kg LW/head and 55 kg LW/ha. The presence of stylosanthes increased the crude protein (CP) concentration in mixed pastures (120 g/kg) when compared to monoculture grass pastures (109 g/kg), probably influencing the ADG of bulls. The increase of liveweight gain, predominantly in the dry season, makes the high‐protein stylosanthes cv. Bela an alternative to buffer the seasonal deficit of forage quality in newly seeded grass pastures.
Effects of performing dual tasks on postural sway and postural control complexity in people with haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Carrasco Juan J. , Guzmán-González Benjamín , Soto‐Arellano Verónica , Calatayud Joaquín , Chimeno‐Hernández Ana , Querol Felipe , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía
Published: March 2020

Introduction

People with haemophilic arthropathy (PWHA) have impairments in postural control. However, little is known about the effects of demanding conditions, including the unipedal stance and dual tasks, on postural control in PWHA.

Aim

Determine the effects of performing dual tasks while in the one‐leg stance on postural sway and postural control complexity in PWHA vs. healthy active (HAG) and non‐active (HNAG) groups of individuals.

Methods

Fifteen PWHA and 34 healthy subjects (18 active and 16 non‐active) were recruited. Vertical (V), mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) centre of mass signals were acquired using a 3‐axis accelerometer placed at the L3/L4 vertebrae of subjects as they performed the one‐leg stance under single and dual‐task conditions. Sway balance and the complexity of postural control were studied via root mean square (RMS) acceleration and sample entropy, respectively. Increased complexity of postural sway was attributed to increased automatism of postural control.

Results

RMS values for PWHA were higher than HAG under both conditions for the V and ML axes, and higher than HNAG under the dual‐task condition for the ML axis. Sample entropy was lower in PWHA than healthy individuals under the dual‐task condition for V and ML axes, and the single‐task condition for the ML axis (P < .05).

Conclusion

PWHA had poorer postural sway and decreased postural control complexity when performing a one‐leg stance than healthy people, especially when the dual‐task condition was applied. These results may help to design new approaches to assess and improve postural control in PWHA.
Exploring the need for stakeholders' engagement through social networking sites to build the reputation of higher education organisations
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María-Victoria , García García María
Published: March 2020

This article addresses the current situation regarding the reputation of higher education organisations (HEOs) within the setting of social networking sites (SNSs). First, the recent literature contained in the Web of Science database will be deconstructed, in order to explain the key concepts as well as the relationship that exists between corporate reputation, engagement and SNSs. Second, the basis for management of reputation on SNSs will be analysed in terms of strategic communication. Finally, the article will include the implications for HEOs' management of reputation through social media. The essence of this work is that the use of SNSs does not necessarily contribute to the construction of positive reputation if this is not coupled with a focus on strategic communication, which carries with it the necessary levels of engagement with all stakeholders and in all institutional dimensions, in order to fulfil certain concrete objectives. HEOs can make use of various SNSs to build reputation if they assume the management of engagement levels with all stakeholders (not only students) and in each of their established areas. An institution’s level of success on SNSs will depend on its ability to obtain the necessary level of engagement, according to each institution’s particular attributes and in each specific case.
A TURNING POINT IN THEORY OF HISTORY: THE PLACE OF HAYDEN WHITE IN THE HISTORY OF METAHISTORY
Authors: RÜSEN JÖRN
Published: March 2020

This article intends to place Hayden White's reflection on the basic principles of meaning‐construction in history into the historical context of modern historical studies. It first presents the self‐understanding of professional historians in which they emphasize the academic (wissenschaftlichen) character of the discipline. In this way of reflection, the traditional (premodern) interpretation of history as a part of rhetoric was pushed back and replaced by methodological argumentation about the rules of research (with an emphasis on source critique). Historiography, or the presentation of the results of research in a narrative form, was not completely neglected, but was not widely recognized. After the analytical insight into the narrative form of historical knowledge, significant discussion of the principles of historical thinking dramatically changed from the issue of research to that of representation (historiography).

Hayden White's Metahistory (1973) marked this change paradigmatically. It turned the shift from rhetoric to science in its contrary direction: a new turn to rhetoric was proclaimed. This new anti‐turn set off a hitherto unanswered question as to how research methodology should be treated. Source critique was not refuted but did not attract significant attention. The research procedure of interpretation, in contrast, was met by a new understanding and interest: it was identified as representation by the linguistic procedures of meaning‐construction. Its role as a part of historical method, however, was completely ignored.

The article ends with a still unresolved problem of metahistory, namely the relationship between interpretation and representation. They are not identical, but are closely related. Their synthesis and their differences have to be systematically inquired into and reflected upon if metahistory is to step forward and engage in this task. Then the merits of White's return to rhetoric will be appreciated as well as its one‐sidedness criticized, before a further step is taken.
Combining sensory and texturometer parameters to characterize different type of cosmetic ingredients
Authors: Vieira Gisely Spósito , Lavarde Marc , Fréville Vianney , Rocha‐Filho Pedro Alves , Pensé‐Lhéritier Anne‐Marie
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Sensory properties have a great importance for cosmetics and personal care products. If literature permits to consult articles comparing different formulations on their sensory attributes, there are only a few articles concerning ingredients.

Objective

The overall objective of this study was to carry out an original study combining the sensory evaluation of different natures of ingredients, in order to initiate a sensory data set that could help researchers to identify differentiating sensory characteristics, as well as initiating a comparison between sensory data and texturometer instrumental measurements.

Methods

Oils, glycolic extracts, butter and starch were evaluated according to descriptive sensory analysis methodology with the help of panel of 25 experts. In order to compare responses obtained from the panel to instrumental measurements, texture analyzes were performed in compression traction model.

Results

Significant differences were detected in ten of the eleven evaluated sensory attributes, indicating that ingredients have distinct sensory profiles. The mainly discriminative attributes for the analyzed ingredients were: gloss, opacity, fluidity, freshness, whitening and oily residue. The oils are mostly related to oily residue and slipperiness while extracts are mostly related to gloss, fluidity and freshness attributes. Both Tapioca Starch and Shea Butter were related to non‐fluidity, opacity, and Tapioca Starch was related to freshness too. This study was completed by a texturometer analysis which lead to show the opposite correlation between the sensory attribute fluidity and the consistent index.
Migration across developed countries: German immigrants in Sweden and the US
Authors: Haberfeld Yitchak , Birgier Debora Pricila , Lundh Christer , Elldér Erik
Published: March 2020

The present study evaluates the interplay between the effects of host countries' characteristics and self‐selection patterns of immigrants from a highly developed country on their economic assimilation in other developed countries. The focus is on immigrants originated from Germany during 1990–2000 who migrated to Sweden and the US. The results show that almost all German immigrants reached full earnings assimilation with natives of similar observed attributes, and that the assimilation of highly educated Germans was better than that of the less educated. It was also found that the skilled immigrants were compensated for their human capital acquired in Germany. Finally, the better assimilation of German immigrants, especially the highly educated, took place in the US. This finding was probably the result of an interaction between the Germans’ pattern of self‐selection and the US context of reception.
By elite demand: immigration policies of Germany and Hungary in the context of common EU policy
Authors: Bartoszewicz Monika Gabriela
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses the migration policies of Hungary and Germany with a particular focus on the role of elites in the legal, factual, and discursive dimensions of elitist policy agenda‐setting and implementation between 2015 and 2017. Theoretically, the elitist policy‐making model is supplemented with democratic theories and the theories of regional integration. Methodologically, the paper is a comparative analysis aiming to account for the variance between two EU member states with opposite approaches to migration. Indeed, while Hungary and Germany are usually pitched against each other as two radically different examples of migration policy, the elite‐centered approach shows a puzzling symmetry of differences between these two case studies. While policy results are divergent, there is a palpable cohesion of behaviours and narrative patterns, indicating that the political elites are the primary driver behind shaping and implementing migration policies. After establishing the theoretical underpinnings, the paper compares national legislations, accepted migrant quotas, and the official narratives of the Hungarian and German governments. The case analysis allows for the reinterpretation of seemingly contradictory migration policies and, as such, offers new solutions to the problem both on the national and international levels.
Evaluation of mortality risk factors in diabetic foot infections
Authors: Sen Pinar , Demirdal Tuna
Published: March 2020

Identifying risk factors for mortality is crucial in the management of diabetic foot syndrome. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). A retrospective chart review was conducted on 401 patients from 2010 through 2019. Our primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality. Patients were divided into two groups according to the outcome (survival or death). Clinical data were compared between the two groups statistically. A total of 401 patients were enrolled in the study, 280 (69.8%) of them were male and the mean age was 59.6 ± 11.1 years. The mean follow‐up period was 23.7 ± 22.9 months. In‐hospital mortality rate was 3%. Univariate analysis indicated that ischaemic wound (P = .023), hindfoot infection (P = .038), whole foot infection (P = .010), peripheral arterial disease (P = .024), high leucocyte levels (>12 040 K/μL) (P = .001), high thrombocyte levels (>378 000 K/μL) (P < 0.001), high C‐reactive protein levels (>8.81 mg/dL) (P = .022), and polymicrobial growth in deep tissue culture (P = .041) were significant parameters in predicting mortality. In multivariate analysis, peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio [OR]: 13.430, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.129‐59.692; P = .040), high thrombocyte levels (OR: 1.000, 95% Cl: 1.000‐1.000; P = .022), and polymicrobial growth in deep tissue culture (OR: 7.790, 95% Cl: 1.592‐38.118; P = .011) were independent risk factors for mortality. In conclusion, peripheral arterial disease, high thrombocyte levels, and polymicrobial growth in deep tissue culture were independent risk factors for mortality in DFI.
Mechanically robust ZrO2 foams with 3D reticular architecture prepared from chemical‐modified ZrO2 powder
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Ren Bo , Lu Yuju , Rong Yedong , Wang Chao , Wang Lu , Yang Jinlong , Huang Yong
Published: March 2020

Engineering mechanically robust ZrO2 foams with three‐dimensional (3D) reticular architecture and high porosity is extremely challenging. In current work, we presented an approach for constructing such cellular ceramics via a combined polyurethane foaming and chemical grafting method. Ester functional groups were chemically grafted on the ZrO2 powder surface to enhance its dispersibility. This approach caused the micron‐sized windows to assemble onto the cell wall of porous framework, contributing to 3D interconnected reticular architecture. The resulting products with such cellular architecture possessed a high porosity level of 89.2% and maintained an ultrahigh compressive strength of 8.5 MPa. Our results open up new opportunities for fabricating high‐performance ZrO2 foams toward practical applications.
Modelling the distribution of Amazonian tree species in response to long‐term climate change during the Mid‐Late Holocene
Authors: Gomes Vitor H. F. , Mayle Francis E. , Gosling William D. , Vieira Ima C. G. , Salomão Rafael P. , ter Steege Hans
Published: March 2020

Aim

To (a) assess the environmental suitability for rainforest tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae across Amazonia during the Mid‐Late Holocene and (b) determine the extent to which their distributions increased in response to long‐term climate change over this period.

Location

Amazonia.

Taxon

Tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae.

Methods

We used MaxEnt and inverse distance weighting interpolation to produce environmental suitability and relative abundance models at 0.5‐degree resolution for tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae, based on natural history collections and a large plot dataset. To test the response of the Amazon rainforest to long‐term climate change, we quantified the increase in environmental suitability and modelled species richness for both families since the Mid‐Holocene (past 6,000 years). To test the correlation between the relative abundance of these species in modern vegetation versus modern pollen assemblages, we analysed the surface pollen spectra from 46 previously published paleoecological sites.

Results

We found that the mean environmental suitability in Amazonia for species of Moraceae and Urticaceae showed a slight increase (6.5%) over the past 6,000 years, although southern ecotonal Amazonia and the Guiana Shield showed much higher increases (up to 68%). The accompanied modelled mean species richness increased by as much as 120% throughout Amazonia. The mean relative abundance of Moraceae and Urticaceae correlated significantly with the modern pollen assemblages for these families.

Main Conclusions

Increasing precipitation between the Mid‐ and Late Holocene expanded suitable environmental conditions for Amazonian humid rainforest tree species of Moraceae and Urticaceae, leading to rainforest expansion in ecotonal areas of Amazonia, consistent with previously published fossil pollen data.
Epidemiology and outcomes of gastroschisis in Tasmania
Authors: Hariharan Gopakumar , Jones Niall , Ee Michael , De Paoli Antonio
Published: March 2020

Aim

To describe the epidemiology and outcomes of gastroschisis in Tasmania.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis in Tasmania from 1996 to 2015 was undertaken (epidemiology cohort), and the presentation, surgical management and outcomes (surgery cohort) were reviewed for the period between September 1990 and July 2015.

Results

Gastroschisis was detected in 58 pregnancies during the 20‐year epidemiology cohort period, giving an incidence of 4.4 per 10 000 live births for the 20‐year period. Two of the four stillbirths occurred after 36 weeks' gestation. Of the 65 babies with gastroschisis treated at the Royal Hobart Hospital, 51 had a staged surgical repair (silo in 47, stoma formation in 4), and 14 had a primary closure. Staged repair was associated with a significantly longer duration of ventilation and stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. There were six post‐natal deaths, all born in the first epoch. Death was significantly associated with the condition of the intestine at delivery (P = 0.02). There were no deaths in babies with simple gastroschisis. Complex gastroschisis was significantly associated with longer duration of total parenteral nutrition (P = 0.0002) and longer stay in hospital (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

The incidence of gastroschisis in Tasmania is similar to that reported in other Australian regions and has not increased over the 20‐year period of study. The high risk of stillbirth, and the significant association between mortality and the condition of the intestine at birth necessitates close fetal surveillance. Complex gastroschisis imposes a significant burden on hospital resources.
Redefining Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): Four New Genera, Resurrection of Porphyrella and Description of Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov. From China
Authors: Yang Li‐En , Deng Yin‐Yin , Xu Guang‐Ping , Russell Stephen , Lu Qin‐Qin , Brodie Juliet
Published: March 2020

The cosmopolitan red algal genus Pyropia sensu lato is the most speciose of the bladed Bangiales genera. In a major revision of the Bangiales, Pyropia was resurrected from Porphyra, although there was evidence at the time that species of Pyropia could be separated into several genera. Subsequent global phylogenetic analyses continued to resolve species assigned to Pyropia into several major clades with strong support, and the latest biogeographic analyses indicated that species distribution was also a pointer to the underlying phylogeny of Pyropia sensu lato. Therefore, in the present study, we have redefined the genus Pyropia, resurrected Porphyrella, and proposed four new genera: Calidia, Neoporphyra, Neopyropia, and Uedaea. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the bladed Bangiales of China, a species which did not match any known taxa was resolved in the new genus Calidia. The species, Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov., is described based on both morphological and molecular data. Molecular sequence data for rbcL, 18S, and COI‐5P were amplified for 15 samples in the present study. All the obtained rbcL sequences were identical to each other except for one (LYCN117) with one base pair difference. Two haplotypes of 18S (V9 region) were observed with one base pair difference (C/T30). All the obtained COI‐5P sequences were identical. Morphological comparisons were conducted not only with species in Calidia, but also with generically uncertain species currently assigned to Porphyra.
Twelve previously healthy non‐geriatric dogs present for acute kidney injury after general anaesthesia for non‐emergency surgical procedures in the UK
Authors: Rogers‐Smith E. , Hammerton R. , Mathis A. , Allison A. , Clark L.
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To characterise common factors after a suspected increase in the incidence of post‐procedure acute kidney injury in healthy dogs presenting for non‐emergency surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 12 dogs that presented for acute kidney injury after general anaesthesia for non‐emergency surgical procedures.

Results

The 12 non‐geriatric dogs re‐presented with acute kidney injury at a median of 4 days after surgery to four different veterinary centres, including three multidisciplinary referral practices in the UK. All dogs in this case series weighed more than 20 kg and had a median age of 17 months. There was no apparent association with breed, type of surgery, duration of anaesthesia, perioperative drug choice or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administration.

Clinical Significance

Although well‐defined in human medicine, there is very little information regarding the association between general anaesthesia and acute kidney injury in animals. No definitive causal link was found in this case series. Clinicians with similar cases are requested to contact the corresponding author so a more representative incidence rate can be obtained.