bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamental limits of parasitoid-driven host population suppression: Implications for biological control
Authors: Singh Abhyudai
Published: December 2023

Parasitoid wasps are increasingly being used to control insect pest populations, where the pest is the host species parasitized by the wasp. Here we use the discrete-time formalism of the Nicholson-Bailey model to investigate a fundamental question—are there limits to parasitoid-driven suppression of the host population density while still ensuring a stable coexistence of both species? Our model formulation imposes an intrinsic self-limitation in the host’s growth resulting in a carrying capacity in the absence of the parasitoid. Different versions of the model are considered with parasitism occurring at a developmental stage that is before, during, or after the growth-limiting stage. For example, the host’s growth limitation may occur at its larval stage due to intraspecific competition, while the wasps attack either the host egg, larval or pupal stage. For slow-growing hosts, models with parasitism occurring at different life stages are identical in terms of their host suppression dynamics but have contrasting differences for fast-growing hosts. In the latter case, our analysis reveals that wasp parasitism occurring after host growth limitation yields the lowest pest population density conditioned on stable host-parasitoid coexistence. For ecologically relevant parameter regimes we estimate this host suppression to be roughly 10-20% of the parasitoid-free carrying capacity. We further expand the models to consider a fraction of hosts protected from parasitism (i.e., a host refuge). Our results show that for a given host reproduction rate there exists a critical value of protected host fraction beyond which, the system dynamics are stable even for high levels of parasitism that drive the host to arbitrary low population densities. In summary, our systematic analysis sheds key insights into the combined effects of density-dependence in host growth and parasitism refuge in stabilizing the host-parasitoid population dynamics with important implications for biological control.
The burden of stillbirths in low resource settings in Latin America: Evidence from a network using an electronic surveillance system
Authors: de Mucio Bremen , Sosa Claudio , Colomar Mercedes , Mainero Luis , Cruz Carmen M. , Chévez Luz M. , Lopez Rita , Carrillo Gema , Rizo Ulises , Saint Hillaire Erika E. , Arriaga William E. , Guadalupe Flores Rosa M. , Ochoa Carlos , Gonzalez Freddy , Castro Rigoberto , Stefan Allan , Moreno Amanda , Metelus Sherly , Souza Renato T. , Costa Maria L. , Luz Adriana G. , Sousa Maria H. , Cecatti José G. , Serruya Suzanne J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To determine stillbirth ratio and its association with maternal, perinatal, and delivery characteristics, as well as geographic differences in Latin American countries (LAC).

Methods

We analysed data from the Perinatal Information System of the Latin American Center for Perinatology and Human Development (CLAP) between January 2018 and June 2021 in 8 health facilities from five LAC countries (Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic). Maternal, pregnancy, and delivery characteristics, in addition to pregnancy outcomes were reported. Estimates of association were tested using chi-square tests, and P < 0.05 was regarded as significant. Bivariate analysis was conducted to estimate stillbirth risk. Prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each predictor were reported.

Results

In total, 101,852 childbirths comprised the SIP database. For this analysis, we included 99,712 childbirths. There were 762 stillbirths during the study period; the Stillbirth ratio of 7.7/1,000 live births (ranged from 3.8 to 18.2/1,000 live births across the different maternities); 586 (76.9%) were antepartum stillbirths, 150 (19.7%) were intrapartum stillbirths and 26 (3.4%) with an ignored time of death. Stillbirth was significantly associated with women with diabetes (PRadj 2.36; 95%CI [1.25–4.46]), preeclampsia (PRadj 2.01; 95%CI [1.26–3.19]), maternal age (PRadj 1.04; 95%CI [1.02–1.05]), any medical condition (PRadj 1.48; 95%CI [1.24–1.76, and severe maternal outcome (PRadj 3.27; 95%CI [3.27–11.66]).

Conclusions

Pregnancy complications and maternal morbidity were significantly associated with stillbirths. The stillbirth ratios varied across the maternity hospitals, which highlights the importance for individual surveillance. Specialized antenatal and intrapartum care remains a priority, particularly for women who are at a higher risk of stillbirth.
Restored forested wetland surprisingly resistant to experimental salinization
Authors: Ury Emily A. , Ardón Marcelo , Wright Justin P. , Bernhardt Emily S.
Published: December 2023

Salinization of coastal freshwater wetlands is an increasingly common and widespread phenomenon resulting from climate change. The ecosystem consequences of added salinity are poorly constrained and highly variable across prior observational and experimental studies. We added 1.8 metric tons of marine salts to replicated 200 m2 plots within a restored forested wetland in Eastern North Carolina over the course of four years. Based on prior small-scale experiments at this site, we predicted that salinization would lead to slower tree growth and suppressed soil carbon cycling. Results from this large-scale field experiment were subtle and inconsistent over space and time. By the fourth year of the experiment, we observed the predicted suppression of soil respiration and a reduction of water extractable carbon from soils receiving salt treatments. However, we found no cumulative effects of four years of salinization on total soil carbon stocks, tree growth, or root biomass. We observed substantial variation in soil solution chemistry (notably, pH and base saturation) across replicated treatment blocks; the effective salt levels, ionic composition, and pH varied following treatment depending upon pre-existing differences in edaphic factors. Our multi-year monitoring also revealed an underlying trend of wetland acidification across the entire site, a suspected effect of ecosystem recovery following wetland restoration on former agricultural land. The overwhelming resistance to our salt treatments could be attributed to the vigor of a relatively young, healthy wetland ecosystem. The heterogeneous responses to salt that we observed over space and time merits further investigation into the environmental factors that control carbon cycling in wetlands. This work highlights the importance of multi-year, large-scale field experiments for investigating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.
Crawling toward obsolescence: The extended lifespan of amylase for pancreatitis
Authors: Kanaparthy Naga Sasidhar , Loza Andrew J. , Hauser Ronald George
Published: December 2023

The correlation between hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis was discovered in 1929, yet another test, lipase, was shown to provide better diagnostic performance in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Subsequent studies demonstrated co-ordering amylase with lipase did not provide additional benefit, only added cost. We sought to investigate the impact of studies advocating for the obsolescence of amylase on its clinical demand. We reviewed 1.3 million reportable results for amylase over 14 years (2009–2022). The trend in utilization of amylase over this period declined by 66% along a linear trajectory (R2 = 0.97). Despite demand for amylase decreasing by an average of 17,003 tests per year, the last year of the study (2022) recorded over 100,000 results for amylase. By interpolating the decline of amylase until the utilization reached zero, we calculated amylase orders will continue for 6 more years until 2028. Tests for creatinine and lipase changed <3% over the same period. Despite a multitude of studies advocating for the obsolescence of amylase, robust demand continues. Many important clinical guidelines, a source many practicing physicians rely on, have yet to acknowledge the preference for lipase over amylase. They frequently treat the two tests as equivalent, neglecting their head-to-head comparison studies and subsequent studies advocating against co-ordering both tests simultaneously. To expedite the obsolescence of amylase, which we anticipate lasting 46 years in our case study from its initial call for obsolescence to the last orders placed, metrics created specifically to monitor the utilization of unnecessary tests are also needed.
Association of fetal ultrasound anthropometric parameters with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months of age
Authors: Karantha Sowmya C. , Upadhyay Ravi P. , Jain Abhinav , Bhandari Nita , Dhabhai Neeta , Sapra Savita , Sharma Sitanshi , Chowdhury Ranadip , Taneja Sunita
Published: December 2023

Background

There is a paucity of studies which have examined associations between ultrasound based fetal anthropometric parameters and neurodevelopment in all infants. We examined the association between ultrasound based fetal anthropometric parameters and neurodevelopment in all infants through a secondary analysis of data collected in a large community based randomized controlled trial.

Methods

A total of 1465 mother-child dyads were included. Ultrasound based fetal anthropometric parameters which included the head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD) and transcerebellar diameter (TCD) were collected at 26–28 weeks of gestation and their association with neurodevelopment at 24 months of age was examined.

Results

Only the transcerebellar diameter z score was positively associated +0.54 units (95% CI: 0.15, 0.93) with motor composite score. When the neurodevelopment outcomes were analyzed as categorical, none of the fetal variables were associated with risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopment impairment.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that transcerebellar diameter could be useful for early prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood.

Clinical trial registration

Clinical trial registration of Women and Infants Integrated Interventions for Growth Study Clinical Trial Registry–India, #CTRI/2017/06/008908; Registered on: 23/06/2017, (http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19339&EncHid=&userName=society%20for%20applied%20studies).
Brain tropism acquisition: The spatial dynamics and evolution of a measles virus collective infectious unit that drove lethal subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Yousaf Iris , Hannon William W. , Donohue Ryan C. , Pfaller Christian K. , Yadav Kalpana , Dikdan Ryan J. , Tyagi Sanjay , Schroeder Declan C. , Shieh Wun-Ju , Rota Paul A. , Feder Alison F. , Cattaneo Roberto
Published: December 2023

It is increasingly appreciated that pathogens can spread as infectious units constituted by multiple, genetically diverse genomes, also called collective infectious units or genome collectives. However, genetic characterization of the spatial dynamics of collective infectious units in animal hosts is demanding, and it is rarely feasible in humans. Measles virus (MeV), whose spread in lymphatic tissues and airway epithelia relies on collective infectious units, can, in rare cases, cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a lethal human brain disease. In different SSPE cases, MeV acquisition of brain tropism has been attributed to mutations affecting either the fusion or the matrix protein, or both, but the overarching mechanism driving brain adaptation is not understood. Here we analyzed MeV RNA from several spatially distinct brain regions of an individual who succumbed to SSPE. Surprisingly, we identified two major MeV genome subpopulations present at variable frequencies in all 15 brain specimens examined. Both genome types accumulated mutations like those shown to favor receptor-independent cell-cell spread in other SSPE cases. Most infected cells carried both genome types, suggesting the possibility of genetic complementation. We cannot definitively chart the history of the spread of this virus in the brain, but several observations suggest that mutant genomes generated in the frontal cortex moved outwards as a collective and diversified. During diversification, mutations affecting the cytoplasmic tails of both viral envelope proteins emerged and fluctuated in frequency across genetic backgrounds, suggesting convergent and potentially frequency-dependent evolution for modulation of fusogenicity. We propose that a collective infectious unit drove MeV pathogenesis in this brain. Re-examination of published data suggests that similar processes may have occurred in other SSPE cases. Our studies provide a primer for analyses of the evolution of collective infectious units of other pathogens that cause lethal disease in humans.
Regulation of human neutrophil IL-1β secretion induced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Sabbione Florencia , Keitelman Irene Angelica , Shiromizu Carolina Maiumi , Vereertbrugghen Alexia , Vera Aguilar Douglas , Rubatto Birri Paolo Nahuel , Pizzano Manuela , Ramos María Victoria , Fuentes Federico , Saposnik Lucas , Cernutto Agostina , Cassataro Juliana , Jancic Carolina Cristina , Galletti Jeremías Gaston , Palermo Marina Sandra , Trevani Analía Silvina
Published: December 2023

Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections can cause from bloody diarrhea to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. The STEC intestinal infection triggers an inflammatory response that can facilitate the development of a systemic disease. We report here that neutrophils might contribute to this inflammatory response by secreting Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). STEC stimulated neutrophils to release elevated levels of IL-1β through a mechanism that involved the activation of caspase-1 driven by the NLRP3-inflammasome and neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs). Noteworthy, IL-1β secretion was higher at lower multiplicities of infection. This secretory profile modulated by the bacteria:neutrophil ratio, was the consequence of a regulatory mechanism that reduced IL-1β secretion the higher were the levels of activation of both caspase-1 and NSPs, and the production of NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species. Finally, we also found that inhibition of NSPs significantly reduced STEC-triggered IL-1β secretion without modulating the ability of neutrophils to kill the bacteria, suggesting NSPs might represent pharmacological targets to be evaluated to limit the STEC-induced intestinal inflammation.
Reviews
Authors: Marback Richard , Haskins Ekaterina , Oswald Kathleen , Wasser Frederick
Published: December 2023

Dalton, Philip, Ed. Communication, Comparative Cultures, and Civilizations. The Annual of the Jean Gebser Society. Volume I. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, Inc., 2008. 180pp. Hardcover $45.00, ISBN 978-1-57273-760-0. Paperback $22.95, ISBN: 978-1-57273-761-7. Henkin, David
M. The Postal Age: The Emergence of Modern Communications in Nineteenth-Century America. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2006. (Paperback edition 2007). xv + 221 pp. Paperback $20.00, ISBN: 0226327213. Poster, Mark. Information Please: Culture and Politics in the
Age of Digital Machines. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006. 320 pp. Paperback $23.95, ISBN 0822338394. Beebe, Roger and Jason Middleton, eds. Medium Cool: Music Videos from Soundies to Cellphones. Durham NC. Duke University Press, 2007. 351 + vi pp. Paperback $23.95, ISBN
9780822341628.
A somatic congress in the 1950s? An overview of the First International Congress on Release of Tension and Re-Education of Functional Movement
Authors: Oliveira Débora
Published: December 2023

This article provides an overview of the First International Congress on Release of Tension and Re-Education of Functional Movement that happened in Copenhagen in 1959. Acknowledging their common interests in the emerging field of psychosomatic studies, the congress gathered creators of somatic practices, some of their students, and professionals with medical, artistic and pedagogical backgrounds in order to share theoretical information and practical classes, and to further collaborations amongst peers. In this article I present historical information in the form of a first-person fictional narrative based on factual evidence and descriptions from actual attendees in order to offer an immersive experience of the event, recognizing it as the first collective effort for Somatics as a field early in the 1950s.
Racialized bodily grammar: A case study of white fragility in the embodied discourse of somatic practice
Authors: Holmes Sarah W.
Published: December 2023

Somatic practice gives agency back to the body, allowing it to reconfigure itself, thus integrating the mind into an empowered body. Yet, I question whether the reliance on individualism, humanism, scientific study, authentic movement, and liberatory processes reinforces and normalizes racially biased behaviours, attitudes and theorization. An autoethnography of sorts, this article puts in conversation my embodied and theoretical experiences with my own internalization of whiteness. Somatics, in essence, gives me the space to explore how I make sense of those feelings of discomfort and ease, uncertainty and confusion. Does my embodied experience somehow reflect my unconscious day-to-day enactments of white vulnerability? Do I expand into, seeking and sensing stability? Or rather, do I actively and unconsciously withdraw from discomfort? Do somatics reaffirm or dismantle my whiteness? I ask within the intrapersonal, immediate and ephemeral experience, is my white American fragility revealed through somatic practice?
Aestheticization of radio and its role in the construction of the world in Grand Theft Auto
Authors: Stachyra Grażyna , Perła Paweł
Published: December 2023

According to Wolfgang Welsch, the human environment is subject to aestheticization, or ‘embellishment and styling’, to make it more pleasant to perceive and participate. This cultural trend is reflected most strikingly in contemporary media forms. Radio aestheticization concerns both the arrangement (structure) of programme content and the stylistics of the said content in order to make other media forms, like video games, compelling, immersive and interactive. In the popular video game series Grand Theft Auto (GTA hereafter), the player character can choose to listen to a variety of radio stations while driving. This article argues that the aestheticization of radio in GTA does not merely provide an enjoyable audial background but also co-creates the world of the game by interacting with players’ actions through the broadcast content and building the ambience of the world of the game through the style of this content. The programme flow, as a system of words and sounds, co-operates with the game system, increasing the players’ involvement with the game (the sense of play) and the aural specification of the game world (the sense of place).
Focus on Ukraine: The politics of curating short film and creating a global community
Authors: Canciani John , Walde Laura
Published: December 2023

Founded in 1997, Internationale Kurzfilmtage Winterthur is Switzerland’s largest and most important short film festival. It is also one of the most renowned events of its kind worldwide, whose prize winners qualify for prestigious awards consideration, including for Oscar, BAFTA and European film awards. With roughly 17,000 visitors and 800 accredited industry guests, it is a popular festival for the cinephile audience as well as an important hub for the domestic and international short film scene, and it offers a wide range of training and networking opportunities geared specifically towards short film professionals. This article outlines how the festival posits that the short film can be viewed politically, as a way to build an international community of filmmakers, curators and audiences. Taking the festival’s longstanding ties with Ukrainian filmmakers as an illustrative example, the authors delineate how curating short film is a practice of caring for cinema and communities.
¿Existió un «plan no escrito» de la Monarquía Hispánica para las Universidades de Salamanca y Alcalá de Henares?
Authors: Roldán Tudela Pedro
Published: December 2023

El artículo analiza una cuestión importante relacionada con el intervencionismo regio de la Monarquía Hispánica en las instituciones universitarias en el siglo XVI. Se localiza temporalmente un posible «plan no escrito» aplicable a las Universidades de Salamanca y Alcalá de Henares, basándose en una serie de decisiones adoptadas en un corto periodo de tiempo por Felipe II, el rey más intervencionista de la dinastía de los Austrias. Estas decisiones afectaban a varios aspectos relacionados con las universidades como la comisión de visitadores regios, la elaboración de normativa universitaria o legislación general, la designación de cargos universitarios y la aceptación de las resoluciones del Concilio de Trento. El posible plan se define a partir de estos elementos, indicándose las consecuencias que tuvo en relación con el intervencionismo pontificio, muy importante hasta entonces en la universidad. Este tema es un episodio clave que marca un hito en el auge del intervencionismo regio y en el inicio del declive del poder pontificio en la universidad española.
Pictorial Workshops in Pompeii. Exploring some Roman Nilotic Paintings
Authors: Voltan Eleonora
Published: December 2023

From the 3rd century BP onwards, the relationship between Egypt and Rome grew clearer. When the treaty of amicitiawas signed in the year 273 BP, the political, cultural, economic and religious impact on Italian territory was increasingly evident. Also of relevance is the role of the artistic production resulting from the contact between the Roman and Egyptian worlds. The focus of this paper is on several Roman paintings characterised by the depiction of the Nile landscape. In particular, the attention is turned to the records of four Pompeian contexts: Praedia of Iulia Felix (II 4, 2), Sarno Baths (VIII 2, 17), Temple of Isis (VIII 7, 28) and House of the Pygmies (IX 5, 9). By comparing certain iconographic details, the aim of this study is to highlight some analogies in the execution of the paintings examined. On this basis, some hypotheses could be put forward regarding the presence of the same team of painters in the four contexts or, as an alternative, the use of the same models among different artisans.
Taxonomic history, restoration of species independence and typification of Fritillaria leucantha (Liliaceae)
Authors: Shmakov Alexander I. , Dorofeyev Vladimir I. , Kechaykin Aleksey A. , Anisimov Andrey V. , Skaptsov Michail V. , Shaulo Dmitry N. , Smirnov Sergey V.
Published: December 2023

The name Fritillaria leucantha is usually considered as one of the synonyms of F. verticillata. However, morphological data indicate that this judgment should be reconsidered. In this article, we typify the name F. leucantha, provide its taxonomic history, and provide a detailed description. Based on our review and other data, we determine the species’ range to be within Altai. In parallel with this, a solution to the emerging issue of choosing the type material of F. verticillata is proposed.

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Floristic findings in the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: Zykova Elena Yu. , Shaulo Dmitry N.
Published: December 2023

New adventive species for the Novosibirsk Region are reported: Achillea collina, Campanula latifolia, Corylus avellana, Geranium sanguineum, Lolium × hybridum, Mentha × piperita, Nicandra physalodes, Rosa spinosissima, Sedum album. New locations of rare species are indicated: Arrhenatherum elatius, Clinopodium acinos, Hedysarum alpinum, the distribution of species recently recorded in the Novosibirsk Region is noted. For each species, its range is given, the distribution in the regions of Siberia is indicated.

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Roosting and Breeding Ecology of Birds in Shola Sky Island Forests : A Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Newport Keny
Published: December 2023

The Shola Sky Island forests, located in the Western Ghats of India, are unique ecosystems renowned for their elevation, patches of forests, and rich avian biodiversity. Understanding the roosting and breeding ecology of birds in these forests is essential for their conservation and management. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature on this topic is lacking. This systematic review aims to fill this knowledge gap by analyzing and summarizing the available research on the roosting and breeding ecology of birds in the Shola Sky Island forests. The review focuses on various aspects of bird ecology, including roosting site selection, roosting strategies, breeding phenology, nest site selection, nesting behaviors, and non-roosting and breeding behaviors. The search encompasses studies conducted in the Shola Sky Island forests, covering a wide range of bird species and their ecological requirements. Findings from the review highlight the importance of specific habitat characteristics, such as vegetation structure, microclimate, and resource availability, in influencing roosting and breeding behaviors. The availability of suitable roosting sites and nesting habitats within the forest plays a crucial role in determining the distribution and abundance of bird species. Factors such as food availability, altitudinal movements, social interactions, and territoriality also impact non-roosting and breeding behaviors in these forests. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the challenges posed by habitat fragmentation, climate change, and human activities to the roosting and breeding ecology of birds in the Shola Sky Island forests. Understanding these threats for bird populations is essential for effective conservation and management strategies.
Avanços e retrocessos da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro nas décadas de 1920/40/50
Authors: Fernadez Brena
Published: December 2023

A investigação acerca das causas, evolução e consequências das dificuldades da inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho formal vem despertando interesse acadêmico crescente pelo menos desde a década de 1970. No contexto dessa temática, o artigo analisa o avanço da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho brasileiro entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940 e o seu posterior retrocesso, na década de 1950. Examinamos três hipóteses para tentar compreender o fenômeno, nomeadamente: as mudanças na economia suscitadas pela Segunda Guerra Mundial, a onda de industrialização do Brasil promovida entre 1930 e 1945 e a influência do patriarcado e do machismo presentes na sociedade brasileira do pós-guerra. Nosso intuito é contribuir para o preenchimento de uma lacuna nos estudos que envolvem o trabalho feminino no Brasil, especialmente na primeira metade do século XX, o que permitirá comparações com outras épocas e países.
Moral econômica brasileira na primeira metade do século XX
Authors: Martins Alexandre
Published: December 2023

O trabalho aborda a formação da moral econômica brasileira investigando suas principais características na república velha e no Estado novo. O estudo de caráter bibliográfico constatou morais dominantes distintas nessas fases: na república velha foi agressiva, típica de mercados primitivos em que há mais flexibilidade para busca de ganhos monetários elevados, e no Estado novo há contrapeso social à primeira, via Estado, diminuindo o poder de grupos tradicionais. Na primeira fase é classificada como mandeviliana e decorre da formação econômica do país, historicamente conduzida por elites conservadoras excludentes, enquanto na segunda, procedendo da cultura econômica diferenciada da região sul, onde havia melhor partição da renda e da terra, a moral teve seu caráter designado como smithiano.
La promoción y protección de derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes y las medidas excepcionales en la escuela primaria: discursos, vínculos y prácticas
Authors: Munuce María Catalina
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo busca socializar algunos aspectos de una investigación cuyo objetivo  fue analizar los procesos locales de institucionalización de derechos en una escuela primaria pública de una ciudad intermedia de la provincia de Buenos Aires, haciendo foco en las prácticas discursivas que llevan adelante los integrantes del equipo de orientación escolar de dicha institución. Entendiendo a estas prácticas discursivas (Foucault, 1970) como una vía de acceso posible para enlazar tanto la genealogía de ese proceso de institucionalización, es decir, los procesos políticos de conformación de la condición jurídica de la infancia, así como lo micropolítico. La propuesta procuró develar cómo los actores intervinientes interpretan y traducen los preceptos legales, produciendo intervenciones que impactan en los sujetos a los que se busca proteger, demarcando nuevas miradas políticas sobre la infancia. El propósito fue arrojar luz en el espacio que media entre lo individual y lo social, lo que hay de político en los discursos que modifican la vida de los/as otros/as, buscando entrever qué infancias se construyen en ese cruce.
An example of a favorable outcome of a cervical spine injury occurring on a background of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: the result of an anthropological finding in the church of St. Peter in the town of Domashevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Georginova O. A. , Goncharova N. N. , Grishanina E. A. , Zakharova S. A. , Makarov E. A. , Krasnova T. N.
Published: December 2023

The article provides a description of the anthropological finding – human remains discovered in the church of St. Peter (Domashevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, burial at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries AD). The available morphological data most likely indicate the presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. This disease resulted in trauma to the cervical vertebrae, which altered their morphology. However, the injury did not lead to death; the person lived for a long time afterwards, as post-traumatic skeletal changes with the development of torticollis were noted.
Relapsing polychondritis that developed after piercing (clinical case)
Authors: Movsesyan A. A. , Krasnenko S. O. , Urumova M. M. , Godzenko A. A.
Published: December 2023

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) belongs to a group of rare rheumatic diseases with poorly understood etiology and pathogenesis. It is based on progressive systemic inflammatory damage to the cartilage tissue, primarily affecting ears, nose, trachea and bronchi. A standardized approach for the treatment of RPC has not yet been developed, so the treatment tactics are individualized for each patient.

We describe a clinical case of a 39-year-old patient, who developed RPC after piercing the cartilaginous part of the ear. The components of the alloy used for the piercing could presumably serve as adjuvants and cause the development of a disease similar to ASIA syndrome (Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants) with inflammation of the cartilage of the nose and ears. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are presented, as well as diagnostic criteria for ASIA syndrome.
Dissociation of clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging data in axial psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Vasilieva A. O. , Filipenko D. E. , Kapustina E. V. , Popov N. V. , Shesternya P. A.
Published: December 2023

Currently, there is no generally accepted definition of axial lesions in psoriatic arthritis (axPsA), and the diagnostic criteria are extrapolated from the recommendations for ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis.

Objective: To evaluate data of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in patients with psoriasis complaining of chronic back pain of any cause.

Material and methods. 143 patients were enrolled to the study, including 57 (39.9%) men and 86 (60.1%) women, median age – 47 [36; 57] years, mean duration of psoriasis was 17.4±13.4 years. In all patients, the agreement of the existing symptoms with the inflammatory back pain (IBP) criteria of A. Calin et al., M. Rudwaleit et al. and ASAS was checked. All patients underwent MRI of the spine and SIJ, determination of ESR, CRP levels, HLA-B27 and consultations with a dermatologist and a rheumatologist.

Results and discussion. An association of bone marrow edema (BME) in the spine and SIJ with nail involvement (odds ratio, OR 2.32; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.12–4.81; p=0.035), palmoplantar psoriasis (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.43–10.41; p=0.054) and a weak correlation with PASI (r=0.329, p=0.034) was found. There were no statistically significant differences in PASI between patients with BME and without BME. In patients with IBP who fulfilled the criteria of A. Calin et al., osteitis in the SIJ was present in 19 (34.5%; OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.26–6.19; p=0.01); Berlin criteria of 4 signs – 25 (28.7%; OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.00–5.84; p=0.045); Berlin criteria of 3 signs – in 18 (24.0%; OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.51–2.44; p=0.783); ASAS criteria – in 17 (34.0%; OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.12–5.49; p=0.023). In almost half of the patients with BME in the spine or SIJ, the symptoms did not fulfil the criteria for IBP. Signs such as the presence and duration of morning stiffness had a high prognostic value. Isolated spondylitis (presence of BME in vertebrae and absence of BME in SIJ) was rarely found in patients with IBP fulfilling various criteria (in 4.0–8.1% of cases).

Conclusion. Considering the existing discrepancy between symptoms and MRI results, it is necessary to develop independent tools for screening and early diagnosis of axPsA.
Editorial
Authors: Vaccareza Maria Silvia , Paolini Paoletti Michele
Published: December 2023

Albeit often overlapping, sin and vice are two related yet clearly distinguished concepts. It would require an extremely long detour to sketch the history of such thick, central notions in Western culture, as well as their similarities, differences, and overlappings. Sin is a polysemic notion. The word refers, primarily,  to an action whereby an agent intentionally fails to live up to the will or commands of God (see Stump, 2018). However, sin can be also considered as a disposition of the will, i.e., an inclination to engage in sinful actions (Plantinga 2000). Finally, according to parts of the Christian tradition, sin is a metaphysical state, i.e., a condition of “uncleanness” which marks a fundamental ontological difference between human beings and God (M. Adams 1991, 20f). While according to the Christian thought vice can be a cause of sin, and a sinful disposition may closely resemble a vice, the two concepts shouldn’t be confused. First, while sin pertains to a theological vocabulary, talking of vices is perfectly compatible with a secular philosophical discourse, as the recent success of virtue ethics and virtue-vice epistemology testifies. This comes as no surprise, if one thinks that the very origin of the concept is rooted in the secular philosophical tradition tracing back to Plato and Aristotle. Secondly, within character-based moral and epistemic theories, a vice is, unequivocally, a trait of character. As such, it is part of an agent’s psychological makeup, which means that it is a stable feature of their moral psychology, independently of its specific behavioral manifestations. And while an action may well be vicious, it can be so only insofar as it springs from a vicious trait, which has—so to speak—ontogenetic, conceptual, and even normative priority over the actions it elicits.
Two Collections
Authors: Gehl Paul F.
Published: December 2023

The period often considered the golden age of American type design (ca. 1900–ca 1940) saw the creation of a number of library collections specialized for the study of printing history. The most important of these were the John M. Wing Foundation at The Newberry Library of Chicago (founded in 1919) and the Department of Printing and Graphic Arts at Harvard’s Houghton Library (established in 1938). Both took inspiration from contemporary advances in bibliography and textual studies and both set out to exemplify printing history with specimens of type on the page for scholarly comparison; but they had differing emphases from the start, determined by the personalities and programs of their founders. The will of journalist John M. Wing (1845–1917) specified a collection that would allow study of “every significant development of the arts of printing and book production.” The first curator, Pierce Butler (1886–1953) began with incunabula and collected typeface by typeface through the centuries. Harvard’s Philip Hofer (1898–1984) was influenced by Butler’s classification scheme, but as an art historian, he began with aesthetic categories and emphasized design issues like illustration. As the two collections developed there were additional divergences, but also parallel interests, and both collaborations and rivalry. All the curators involved (Hofer in Cambridge and three successive librarians in Chicago) responded to ongoing developments in textual studies and in some cases anticipated them, both in their collection building and in their publications on printing history.
Pourquoi le changement codique a une force créatrice
Authors: Holter Julia
Published: December 2023

This essay proposes an example of literary code-switching from the modern period. The plans for three unfinished texts of Alexander Pushkin, “The Guests Were Arriving at the Dacha” (1828), “The Russian Pelham” (1834–1835), and “In the Waters of the Caucasus” (1831), abound with alternations between Russian and French, with some use of English and other languages. The current scholarly  consensus  is  that  Pushkin used the French language for planning, relying on its analytical features, and the Russian language, expressive but in need for renewal, as a language of textualization. The three fragments may represent a rare opportunity to see Pushkin’s bilingual creativity in action. I use Youri Lotman’s vision of code-switching as “auto-communication” on different channels (linguistic or not) to show how the ideas bouncing off the linguistic units belonging to different languages, but also sparking thanks to the mnemonic function of drawings, establish a current, a productive creative tension.
Questioni di filologia dantesca
Authors: Cupelloni Francesca
Published: December 2023

This essay offers some linguistic remarks on food-related words in Dante’s Comedy, with particular attention to variants in the manuscript tradition. This preliminary analysis is related to the research conducted within the Project PRIN AtLiTeG (Atlante della lingua e dei testi della cultura gastronomica italiana dall’età medievale all’Unità), which aims to provide the first Corpus, Vocabulary and Atlas of ancient and modern Italian food language.
The Original Wordle
Authors: Rendsburg Gary A.
Published: December 2023

The article calls attention to an ancient Ugaritic bilingual word game, written c. 1300 b.c.e., in which the correct response requires rearranging the given letters to create a sensible word or name. But since the word/name is actually in Hurrian, a second step is necessary, namely, to render the Hurrian into its Ugaritic equivalency. So while not quite the original Wordle, this short ancient text reminds us of the enduring allure of word games in literate cultures
Conti, Daniele. 2023. I ‘quadernucci’ di Niccolò Machiavelli. Frammenti storici Palatini. Introduzione, edizione critica e commento.
Authors: Dani Marcello
Published: December 2023

Review
Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Sub-Saharan African Immigrant Women in the United States: A Qualitative Report
Authors:   Texas Woman’s University, Amuta-Jimenez Ann , Sokale Itunu , Reitzel Lorraine
Published: December 2023

Objective: Cervical cancer screening can prevent women across all age groups from developing cervical cancer (CC). However, Sub-Saharan African immigrant women (SAIW) sparsely engage in routine CC screening. Thus, developing prevention strategies to improve SAIW’s adherence to recommended CC screening guidelines is critical. To ensure that such strategies are successful, they must meet the needs of the target population. By conducting qualitative interviews with SAIW (N = 15), we aimed to get a deeper understanding of barriers to CC screening receipt. Methods: We asked SAIW about barriers to CC screening and possible ideas to facilitate their future screening behavior. Results: Our findings revealed that SAIW are especially affected by several major barriers: lack of awareness of CC guidelines, fear/fatalism, lack of resources (eg, a lack of time due to job and family commitment), other resource-related barriers (eg, unreliable mode of transport, and no health insurance), modesty, and overt bias. Participants indicated a preference for female healthcare providers for CC screening and suggested spousal involvement in CC intervention development to foster support. Conclusion: The identification of multi-level barriers indicates that multiple strategies are needed to improve the uptake of CC screening among SAIW.
Exploring the Common Factors that Influence Physical Activity, Academic Self-efficacy, and Depression among Junior High School Students: A Literature Review
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Bai Dan , Hashim Asha
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the common factors that impact physical activity (PA), academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students. A systematic electronic search for studies on the factors of PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression in junior high school students was performed through July 10, 2023. Methods: The search was conducted using the PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORT Discus, and Web of Science databases. Results: Mindfulness, social support, self-esteem, family structure, emotional intelligence, and school PA program engagement were identified as the common factors that enhance junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression. Conclusions: At the practical level, the findings of this study will contribute to the development of a framework for improving junior high school students’ PA, academic self-efficacy, and depression.
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS UNDER THE ACTION OF FEMTOSECOND PULSES IN THE GLASS-CERAMIC OF ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 SYSTEM
Authors: Sigaev V. N. , Naumov A. S. , Lipatiev A. S. , Shakhgil’dyan G. Yu. , Lotarev S. V. , Fedotov S. S. , Karateev I. A.
Published: December 2023

The effect of femtosecond laser micro-treatment in thermal and non-thermal modes on the structure of transparent glass-ceramic based on the ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system, characterized by increased mechanical strength and hardness, is investigated. The amorphization of nanoscale ganite (ZnAl2O4) crystals, which occurs under the irradiation of laser pulses, is confirmed by the results of electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Quantitative phase microscopy was used to evaluate changes in the refractive index in individual tracks written by a laser beam. At the repetition frequency of 10 kHz in non-thermal mode, complete amorphization of the crystal phases in volume glass-ceramic sample leads to an increase of the refractive index by the value ?n = 0.0007 in the laser processing area. The results obtained expand the potential applications of transparent glass-ceramics with increased mechanical properties and open up the possibility of forming channel waveguides in their volume by direct laserwriting.
GEL CASTING METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS
Authors: Babashov V. G. , Varrik N. M.
Published: December 2023

Gel casting is one of the new and promising methods for producing ceramics. Modern research on the production of ceramic materials by gel casting covers a wide range of materials, including both dense and porous ceramic materials.
The advantages of this method, such as ease of processing, the use of technological equipment of traditional methods, increased productivity, the possibility of obtaining products of large shapes and complex geometry, gave impetus to new research and development. This article provides an overview of publications devoted to research in recent decades on the production by gel casting of both dense ceramics for the manufacture of structural elements and porous ceramics for the manufacture of thermal insulation, porous filters and membranes.
INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY OF THE LUMINESCENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSРHORS OF DIFFERENT NATURE UNDER THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Authors: Runina K. I. , Avetisov R. I. , Petrova O. B. , Avetissov I. Ch. , Do D. T. , Ta T. T.
Published: December 2023

Luminescent films were obtained by the capillary method on the basis of inorganic, organometallic, and hybrid organic-inorganic powder materials. The films were deposited on surfaces of various nature and roughness and exposed to the tropical climate of Southeast Asia throughout the year. The hybrid films showed high stability, comparable to commercial inorganic phosphors.
THE ROLE OF IRON OXIDES IN THE PRODUCTION OF FLOAT GLASS
Authors: Khorosheva E. R. , Makarov R. I.
Published: December 2023

A statistical analysis of the relationship of the redox ratio of the produced float glass with the technological mode of cooking, the charge content and the chemical composition of the glass was carried out. The influence of the redox ratio on the technical and economic performance of the bath furnace and the quality of the glass produced is shown.
CERAMIC-FORMING ORGANOSILICON POLYMER AS A MODIFIER OF HEAT-INSULATING SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
Authors: Chukhlanov V. Yu. , Smirnova N. N. , Krasilnikova I. A. , Chukhlanova N. V.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of obtaining hardened synthetic carbon materials that can be used for technical thermal insulation under conditions of elevated pressures and temperatures. The hardened syntactic carbon material is obtained by mixing hollow carbon microspheres pretreated with a catalyst with vanadium (III) chloride with a phenol-formaldehyde binder with the addition of fine polydimethylsilane forming the composition at low pressure, holding the mold at 150 ?C for 2 hours, followed by heat treatment in an inert medium at 375 ?C and final carbonation in combination with carbidization when the temperature rises at a rate of 100 ?C/h to 900 ?C. The physicomechanical and thermophysical characteristics are studied. Synthetic material can be used for the manufacture of thermal insulation products operating under high temperature conditions.