bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling
Authors: Tack Jan , Verbeure Wout , Mori Hideki , Schol Jolien , Van den Houte Karen , Huang I‐Hsuan , Balsiger Lukas , Broeders Bert , Colomier Esther , Scarpellini Emidio , Carbone Florencia
Published: June 2021

Background

Different peripheral pathways are implicated in the regulation of the food ingestion‐digestion cycle.

Methods

Narrative review on gastrointestinal mechanisms involved in satiety and hunger signalling.

Results

Combined mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, peripherally released peptide hormones and neural pathways provide feedback to the brain to determine sensations of hunger (increase energy intake) or satiation (cessation of energy intake) and regulate the human metabolism. The gastric accommodation reflex, which consists of a transient relaxation of the proximal stomach during food intake, has been identified as a major determinant of meal volume, through activation of tension‐sensitive gastric mechanoreceptors. Motilin, whose release is the trigger of gastric Phase 3, has been identified as the major determinant of return of hunger after a meal. In addition, the release of several peptide hormones such as glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), cholecystokinin as well as motilin and ghrelin contributes to gut‐brain signalling with relevance to control of hunger and satiety. A number of nutrients, such as bitter tastants, as well as pharmacological agents, such as endocannabinoid receptor antagonists and GLP‐1 analogues act on these pathways to influence hunger, satiation and food intake.

Conclusion

Gastrointestinal mechanisms such as gastric accommodation and motilin release are key determinants of satiety and hunger.
Minima of classically scale-invariant potentials
Authors: Kannike Kristjan , Loos Kaius , Marzola Luca
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We propose a new formalism to analyse the extremum structure of scale-invariant effective potentials. The problem is stated in a compact matrix form, used to derive general expressions for the stationary point equation and the mass matrix of a multi-field RG-improved effective potential. Our method improves on (but is not limited to) the Gildener-Weinberg approximation and identifies a set of conditions that signal the presence of a radiative minimum. When the conditions are satisfied at different scales, or in different subspaces of the field space, the effective potential has more than one radiative minimum. We illustrate the method through simple examples and study in detail a Standard-Model-like scenario where the potential admits two radiative minima. Whereas we mostly concentrate on biquadratic potentials, our results carry over to the general case by using tensor algebra.
Assessment of the potential vaping-related exposure to carbonyls and epoxides using stable isotope-labeled precursors in the e-liquid
Authors: Landmesser Anne , Scherer Max , Scherer Gerhard , Sarkar Mohamadi , Edmiston Jeffery S. , Niessner Reinhard , Pluym Nikola
Published: June 2021

The formation of carbonyls and epoxides in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol is possible due to heating of the liquid constituents. However, high background levels of these compounds have inhibited a clear assessment of exposure during use of ECs. An EC containing an e-liquid replaced with 10% of 13C-labeled propylene glycol and glycerol was used in a controlled use clinical study with 20 EC users. In addition, five smokers smoked cigarettes spiked with the described e-liquid. Seven carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, crotonaldehyde, methacrolein, propionaldehyde) were measured in the aerosol and the mainstream smoke. Corresponding biomarkers of exposure were determined in the user’s urine samples. 13C-labeled formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were found in EC aerosol, while all seven labeled carbonyls were detected in smoke. The labeled biomarkers of exposure to formaldehyde (13C-thiazolidine carboxylic acid and 13C-N-(1,3-thiazolidine-4-carbonyl)glycine), acrolein (13C3-3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid) and glycidol (13C3-dihydroxypropylmercapturic acid) were present in the urine of vapers indicating an EC use-specific exposure to these toxicants. However, other sources than vaping contribute to a much higher extent by several orders of magnitude to the overall exposure of these toxicants. Comparing data for the native (unlabeled) and the labeled (exposure-specific) biomarkers revealed vaping as a minor source of user’s exposure to these toxicants while other carbonyls and epoxides were not detectable in the EC aerosol.
From bedside to bench—practical considerations to avoid pre-analytical pitfalls and assess sample quality for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of body fluids
Authors: Lehmann Rainer
Published: June 2021

The stability of lipids and other metabolites in human body fluids ranges from very stable over several days to very unstable within minutes after sample collection. Since the high-resolution analytics of metabolomics and lipidomics approaches comprise all these compounds, the handling of body fluid samples, and thus the pre-analytical phase, is of utmost importance to obtain valid profiling data. This phase consists of two parts, sample collection in the hospital (“bedside”) and sample processing in the laboratory (“bench”). For sample quality, the apparently simple steps in the hospital are much more critical than the “bench” side handling, where (bio)analytical chemists focus on highly standardized processing for high-resolution analysis under well-controlled conditions. This review discusses the most critical pre-analytical steps for sample quality from patient preparation; collection of body fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) to sample handling, transport, and storage in freezers; and subsequent thawing using current literature, as well as own investigations and practical experiences in the hospital. Furthermore, it provides guidance for (bio)analytical chemists to detect and prevent potential pre-analytical pitfalls at the “bedside,” and how to assess the quality of already collected body fluid samples. A knowledge base is provided allowing one to decide whether or not the sample quality is acceptable for its intended use in distinct profiling approaches and to select the most suitable samples for high-resolution metabolomics and lipidomics investigations.

Graphical abstract
Ancillary data from animal-borne cameras as an ecological survey tool for marine communities
Authors: Chapple T. K. , Tickler D. , Roche R. C. , Bayley D. T. I. , Gleiss A. C. , Kanive P. E. , Jewell O. J. D. , Jorgensen S. J. , Schallert R. , Carlisle A. B. , Pilly J. Sannassy , Andrzejaczek S. , Wikelski M. , Hussey N. E. , Block B. A.
Published: June 2021

Underwater visual surveys represent an essential component of coastal marine research and play a crucial role in supporting the management of marine systems. However, logistical and financial considerations can limit the availability of survey data in some systems. While biologging camera tag devices are being attached to an increasing diversity of marine animals to collect behavioral information about the focal species, the ancillary imagery collected can also be used in analytical techniques developed for diver-based surveys. We illustrate this approach by extracting ancillary data from shark-borne camera tag deployments focused on the behavior of a White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) off Gansbaai, South Africa, and a Grey Reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) within the Chagos Archipelago. Within the giant kelp forest environment of Gansbaai we could determine the spatial density of kelp thali and underlying substrate composition. Within the coral reef environment, the animal-borne video allowed us to determine the approximate percent and type of benthic cover, as well as growth form and genus of corals down to the upper mesophotic zone. We also enumerated fish species-level abundance over reef flat and wall environments. We used established dive-survey methods to analyze video data and found the results to be broadly comparable in the two systems studied. Our work illustrates the broad applicability of ancillary animal-borne video data, which is analogous in type and quality to diver-based video data, for analysis in established marine community survey frameworks. As camera tags and associated biologging technologies continue to develop and are adapted to new environments, utilising these data could have wide-ranging applications and could maximise the overall cost–benefit ratio within biologging deployments.
Single-molecule localisation microscopy: accounting for chance co-localisation between foci in bacterial cells
Authors: Åberg Christoffer , Robinson Andrew
Published: June 2021

Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopes, individual biomolecules can be observed within live bacterial cells. Using differently coloured probes, physical associations between two different molecular species can be assessed through co-localisation measurements. However, bacterial cells are finite and small (~ 1 μm) relative to the resolution limit of optical microscopes (~ 0.25 μm). Furthermore, the images produced by optical microscopes are typically two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional objects. These limitations mean that a certain proportion of object pairs (molecules) will inevitably be assigned as being co-localised, even when they are distant at molecular distance scales (nm). What is this proportion? Here, we attack this problem, theoretically and computationally, by creating a model of the co-localisation expected purely due to chance. We thus consider a bacterial cell wherein objects are distributed at random and evaluate the co-localisation in a fashion that emulates an experimental analysis. We consider simplified geometries where we can most transparently investigate the effect of a finite size of the cell and the effect of probing a three-dimensional cell in only two dimensions. Coupling theory to simulations, we also study the co-localisation expected due to chance using parameters relevant to bacterial cells. Overall, we show that the co-localisation expected purely due to chance can be quite substantial and describe the parameters that it depends upon.
Host genetic control of gut microbiome composition
Authors: Bubier Jason A. , Chesler Elissa J. , Weinstock George M.
Published: June 2021

The gut microbiome plays a significant role in health and disease, and there is mounting evidence indicating that the microbial composition is regulated in part by host genetics. Heritability estimates for microbial abundance in mice and humans range from (0.05–0.45), indicating that 5–45% of inter-individual variation can be explained by genetics. Through twin studies, genetic association studies, systems genetics, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hundreds of specific host genetic loci have been shown to associate with the abundance of discrete gut microbes. Using genetically engineered knock-out mice, at least 30 specific genes have now been validated as having specific effects on the microbiome. The relationships among of host genetics, microbiome composition, and abundance, and disease is now beginning to be unraveled through experiments designed to test causality. The genetic control of disease and its relationship to the microbiome can manifest in multiple ways. First, a genetic variant may directly cause the disease phenotype, resulting in an altered microbiome as a consequence of the disease phenotype. Second, a genetic variant may alter gene expression in the host, which in turn alters the microbiome, producing the disease phenotype. Finally, the genetic variant may alter the microbiome directly, which can result in the disease phenotype. In order to understand the processes that underlie the onset and progression of certain diseases, future research must take into account the relationship among host genetics, microbiome, and disease phenotype, and the resources needed to study these relationships.
Discrepancy in exchangeable and soluble ammonium-induced effects on aerobic methane oxidation: a microcosm study of a paddy soil
Authors: van Dijk Hester , Kaupper Thomas , Bothe Clemens , Lee Hyo Jung , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Horn Marcus A. , Ho Adrian
Published: June 2021

Ammonium-induced stimulatory, inhibitory, and/or neutral effects on soil methane oxidation have been attributable to the ammonium concentration and mineral forms, confounded by other edaphic properties (e.g., pH, salinity), as well as the site-specific composition of the methanotrophic community. We hypothesize that this inconsistency may stem from the discrepancy in the cation adsorption capacity of the soil. We postulate that the effects of ammonium on the methanotrophic activity in soil are more accurately portrayed by relating methane uptake rates to the soluble ammonium (bioavailable), rather than the exchangeable (total) ammonium. To reduce adsorption (exchangeable) sites for ammonium in a paddy soil, two successive pre-incubation steps were introduced resulting in a 1000-fold soil dilution (soil enrichment), to be compared to a soil slurry (tenfold dilution) incubation. Ammonium was supplemented as NH4Cl at 0.5–4.75gL−1 after pre-incubation. While NH4Cl significantly stimulated the methanotrophic activity at all concentrations in the soil slurry incubation, methane uptake showed a dose-dependent effect in the soil enrichment. The trend in methane uptake could be explained by the soluble ammonium concentration, which was proportionate to the supplemented ammonium in the soil enrichment. In the soil slurry incubation, a fraction (36–63%) of the supplemented ammonium was determined to be adsorbed to the soil. Accordingly, Methylosarcina was found to predominate the methanotrophic community after the incubation, suggesting the relevance of this methanotroph at elevated ammonium levels (< 3.25gL−1 NH4Cl). Collectively, our results showed that the soluble, rather than the exchangeable ammonium concentration, is relevant when determining the effects of ammonium on methane oxidation, but this does not exclude other (a)biotic factors concurrently influencing methanotrophic activity.
Post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus is associated with poorer surgical and neurodevelopmental sequelae than other causes of infant hydrocephalus
Authors: Mohamed Malak , Mediratta Saniya , Chari Aswin , da Costa Cristine Sortica , James Greg , Dawes William , Aquilina Kristian
Published: June 2021

Purpose

This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the surgical and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) of infant hydrocephalus. We also sought to determine whether these outcomes are disproportionately poorer in post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) compared to other causes of infant hydrocephalus.

Methods

A review of all infants with hydrocephalus who had ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts inserted at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) from 2008 to 2018 was performed. Demographic, surgical, neurodevelopmental, and other clinical data extracted from electronic patient notes were analysed by aetiology. Shunt survival, NDO, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, speech delay, education, behavioural disorders, endocrine dysfunction, and mortality were evaluated.

Results

A total of 323 infants with median gestational age of 37.0 (23.29–42.14) weeks and birthweight of 2640 g (525–4684 g) were evaluated. PHH was the most common aetiology (31.9%) and was associated with significantly higher 5-year shunt revision rates, revisions beyond a year, and median number of revisions than congenital or “other” hydrocephalus (allp < 0.02). Cox regression demonstrated poorest shunt survival in PHH, related to gestational age at birth and corrected age at shunt insertion. PHH also had the highest rate of severe disabilities, increasing with age to 65.0% at 10 years, as well as the highest CP rate; only genetic hydrocephalus had significantly higher endocrine dysfunction (p = 0.01) and mortality rates (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Infants with PHH have poorer surgical and NDO compared to all other aetiologies, except genetic hydrocephalus. Research into measures of reducing neurodisability following PHH is urgently required. Long-term follow-up is essential to optimise support and outcomes.
Evaluation of non-exudative microcystoid macular abnormalities secondary to retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Francone Anibal , Govetto Andrea , Yun Lisa , Essilfie Juliet , Nouri-Mahdavi Kouros , Sarraf David , Hubschman Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2021

Purpose

We aimed to investigate non-exudative microcystoid macular abnormalities for visual and anatomical outcome in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with and without glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).

Methods

Medical records of 124 eyes (105 patients) with RVO were reviewed and analyzed. Eyes demonstrating microcystoid macular abnormalities were divided into 2 groups, those with evidence of glaucoma (group A) and those without glaucoma (group B). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the prevalence and number of microcystoid macular abnormalities, and number of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections were compared at baseline and follow-up.

Results

Seventy-one out of 105 eyes (67.6%) with RVO displayed microcystoid macular abnormalities. Thirty-eight out of 71 eyes (53.5%) presented with concomitant glaucoma (group A), while the remaining 33 eyes (42.6%) had no history of glaucoma (group B). At the end of the follow-up period, mean BCVA was worse in group A versus group B (20/80 versus 20/40, respectively; p = .003). The mean number of anti-VEGF injections was 10.1 ± 9.2 in group A versus 5.9 ± 6.9 in group B (p = .03).

Conclusion

Eyes with RVO and concomitant glaucoma exhibited a significantly higher number of microcystoid macular abnormalities and worse BCVA versus eyes with RVO without glaucoma.
Anocutaneous advancement flap provides a quicker cure than fissurectomy in surgical treatment for chronic anal fissure—a retrospective, observational study
Authors: Hancke Edgar , Suchan Katrin , Voelke Knut
Published: June 2021

Purpose

Anocutaneous advancement flap is a surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic anal fissures. This study aimed to assess the results of anocutaneous advancement flap in a consecutive cohort of patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective, observational study. From 2000 to 2011, 481 patients had been operated for a single chronic anal fissure at the Maingau Clinic of the German Red Cross in Frankfurt am Main. The intention was to excise the fissure by fissurectomy (FIS) and then to cover the wound primarily with an anocutaneous advancement flap (AAF). The primary outcomes were resolution of symptoms and healing rates 1 month postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included incidences of early and late complications, postoperative incontinence, and recurrent fissure.

Results

Anocutaneous advancement flap was performed in 455 (94.6%). In 26 (5.4%) patients, AAF failed due to lacking skin and the wound left open after FIS. One month postoperatively, half of the patients with AAF were free of symptoms (53.2%) with complete wound healing (47.9%). The incidence of early complications within 1 month postoperatively was 0.9% after AAF. From 1 month to 5 years after operation anal abscesses and fistula occurred in 2.9%. Mild symptoms of anal incontinence were recorded in 0.2% and recurrent chronic anal fissure in 3.3% of patients. Subgroup analysis revealed improved wound healing 1 month postoperatively in patients with AAF compared to FIS.

Conclusion

Anocutaneous advancement flap is a very safe sphincter-sparing surgical option for CAF, provides a quicker cure than fissurectomy, and may be considered a good first-line surgical treatment option for chronic anal fissures if medical treatment failed.
EBV-positive large B-cell lymphoma with an unusual intravascular presentation and associated haemophagocytic syndrome in an HIV-positive patient: report of a case expanding the spectrum of EBV-positive immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Veloza Luis , Tsai Chun-Yi , Bisig Bettina , Pantet Olivier , Alberio Lorenzo , Sempoux Christine , Cavassini Matthias , de Leval Laurence
Published: June 2021

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare and aggressive EBV-negative large B-cell lymphoma with a dismal outcome. Here, we describe the case of a 76-year-old HIV-positive patient with an acute presentation of systemic symptoms and rapidly fatal outcome. Autopsy revealed a disseminated large B-cell lymphoma with an intravascular distribution involving the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow and associated to fibrin thrombi in hepatic capillary haemangiomas. The neoplastic B cells (CD79a + / − , CD20 + / − , CD30 + , MUM1 + , PD-L1 +) showed a Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg-like morphology and were EBV-positive with a latency type II (LMP1 + , EBNA2-). Haemophagocytosis was documented in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of large B-cell lymphoma with intravascular presentation. We found only five other cases of EBV-positive large B-cell lymphoma with an intravascular presentation in the literature, three of which had an underlying immunodeficiency adding to the broad spectrum of EBV-associated lymphoma in the setting of immunosuppression.
Genome sequencing in families with congenital limb malformations
Authors: Elsner Jonas , Mensah Martin A. , Holtgrewe Manuel , Hertzberg Jakob , Bigoni Stefania , Busche Andreas , Coutelier Marie , de Silva Deepthi C. , Elçioglu Nursel , Filges Isabel , Gerkes Erica , Girisha Katta M. , Graul-Neumann Luitgard , Jamsheer Aleksander , Krawitz Peter , Kurth Ingo , Markus Susanne , Megarbane Andre , Reis André , Reuter Miriam S. , Svoboda Daniel , Teller Christopher , Tuysuz Beyhan , Türkmen Seval , Wilson Meredith , Woitschach Rixa , Vater Inga , Caliebe Almuth , Hülsemann Wiebke , Horn Denise , Mundlos Stefan , Spielmann Malte
Published: June 2021

The extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity of congenital limb malformation calls for comprehensive genome-wide analysis of genetic variation. Genome sequencing (GS) has the potential to identify all genetic variants. Here we aim to determine the diagnostic potential of GS as a comprehensive one-test-for-all strategy in a cohort of undiagnosed patients with congenital limb malformations. We collected 69 cases (64 trios, 1 duo, 5 singletons) with congenital limb malformations with no molecular diagnosis after standard clinical genetic testing and performed genome sequencing. We also developed a framework to identify potential noncoding pathogenic variants. We identified likely pathogenic/disease-associated variants in 12 cases (17.4%) including four in known disease genes, and one repeat expansion in HOXD13. In three unrelated cases with ectrodactyly, we identified likely pathogenic variants in UBA2, establishing it as a novel disease gene. In addition, we found two complex structural variants (3%). We also identified likely causative variants in three novel high confidence candidate genes. We were not able to identify any noncoding variants. GS is a powerful strategy to identify all types of genomic variants associated with congenital limb malformation, including repeat expansions and complex structural variants missed by standard diagnostic approaches. In this cohort, no causative noncoding SNVs could be identified.
The role of habitat configuration in shaping animal population processes: a framework to generate quantitative predictions
Authors: He Peng , Montiglio Pierre-Olivier , Somveille Marius , Cantor Mauricio , Farine Damien R.
Published: June 2021

By shaping where individuals move, habitat configuration can fundamentally structure animal populations. Yet, we currently lack a framework for generating quantitative predictions about the role of habitat configuration in modulating population outcomes. To address this gap, we propose a modelling framework inspired by studies using networks to characterize habitat connectivity. We first define animal habitat networks, explain how they can integrate information about the different configurational features of animal habitats, and highlight the need for a bottom–up generative model that can depict realistic variations in habitat potential connectivity. Second, we describe a model for simulating animal habitat networks (available in the R packageAnimalHabitatNetwork), and demonstrate its ability to generate alternative habitat configurations based on empirical data, which forms the basis for exploring the consequences of alternative habitat structures. Finally, we lay out three key research questions and demonstrate how our framework can address them. By simulating the spread of a pathogen within a population, we show how transmission properties can be impacted by both local potential connectivity and landscape-level characteristics of habitats. Our study highlights the importance of considering the underlying habitat configuration in studies linking social structure with population-level outcomes.
A review of computer vision-based approaches for physical rehabilitation and assessment
Authors: Debnath Bappaditya , O’Brien Mary , Yamaguchi Motonori , Behera Ardhendu
Published: June 2021

The computer vision community has extensively researched the area of human motion analysis, which primarily focuses on pose estimation, activity recognition, pose or gesture recognition and so on. However for many applications, like monitoring of functional rehabilitation of patients with musculo skeletal or physical impairments, the requirement is to comparatively evaluate human motion. In this survey, we capture important literature on vision-based monitoring and physical rehabilitation that focuses on comparative evaluation of human motion during the past two decades and discuss the state of current research in this area. Unlike other reviews in this area, which are written from a clinical objective, this article presents research in this area from a computer vision application perspective. We propose our own taxonomy of computer vision-based rehabilitation and assessment research which are further divided into sub-categories to capture novelties of each research. The review discusses the challenges of this domain due to the wide ranging human motion abnormalities and difficulty in automatically assessing those abnormalities. Finally, suggestions on the future direction of research are offered.
Correction to: Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses
Authors: Riederer Peter , ter Meulen Volker
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02356-6
Toward the development of a weather index insurance for rice farmers in the coastal region of Myanmar
Authors: Furuya Jun , Omori Keisuke , Aizaki Hideo
Published: June 2021

Climate change is expected to exacerbate damage to agricultural production from natural disasters. Examination of measures to adapt to the damage represents an urgent matter for agriculture. A multidisciplinary research project aimed at providing effective information related to development a weather index insurance (WII) system was conducted for rice farmers in a coastal region of Myanmar to achieve sustainable rice farm management in the country, which is among the world’s poorest and most disaster prone. For lower income countries, WII is one adaptation measure to mitigate damage by climate change. Using remote sensing and statistical data, changes in tracks of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, the duration of damage by cyclone disasters, and areas affected by saltwater intrusion were analyzed to ascertain risk levels for disasters in the target area: Labutta township in the Ayeyarwady region. Furthermore, demand analysis of WII using discrete choice experiments, a question-based statistical survey method, revealed that farmers’ demand of WIIs for cyclone landfall, flood, and drought is relatively greater than that for saltwater intrusion. This finding indicates that saltwater intrusion might not be a crucially important matter for farmers who cultivate rainfed rice, whereas inland water floods caused by cyclone landfall and drought caused for changing the weather patterns represent a threat for these farmers. Results of econometric model analysis for designing a WII indicate that if a regular farmer in the township were to pay 41.5 US dollars per year to purchase WII for flood damage, their expected income will be stable.
Correction to: Heat transfer and hydrodynamics of slip confusor flow under second‑order boundary conditions
Authors: Avramenko A. A. , Dmitrenko N. P. , Shevchuk I. V.
Published: June 2021

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10906-z
Hot Deformation Behaviour and Processing Map of Cast Alloy 825
Authors: Al-Saadi Munir , Hulme-Smith Christopher , Sandberg Fredrik , Jönsson Pär G.
Published: June 2021

Alloy 825 is a nickel-based alloy that is commonly used in applications where both high strength and corrosion resistance are required, such as tanks in the chemical, food and petrochemical industries and oil and gas pipelines. Components made from Alloy 825 are often manufactured using hot deformation. However, there is no systematic study to optimise the processing conditions reported in literature. In this study, a processing map for as-cast Alloy 825 is established to maximise the power dissipation efficiency of hot deformation in the temperature range of 950 to 1250 °C at an interval of 50 °C and strain rate range of$$0.01\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$0.01s-1to$$10.0\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$10.0s-1to a true strain of$$0.7$$0.7using a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator. The processing conditions are also correlated to the Vickers hardness of the final material, which is also characterised using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, including electron backscattered diffraction. The true stress-true strain curves exhibit peak stresses followed by softening due to occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The activation energy for plastic flow in the temperature range tested is approximately$$450\,{\text{ kJ mol}}^{ - 1}$$450kJ mol-1, and the value of the stress exponent in the (hyperbolic sine-based) constitutive equation,$$n = 5.0$$n=5.0, suggests that the rate-limiting mechanism of deformation is dislocation climb. Increasing deformation temperature led to a lower Vickers hardness in the deformed material, due to increased dynamic recrystallization. Raising the strain rate led to an increase in Vickers hardness in the deformed material due to increased work hardening. The maximum power dissipation efficiency is over$$35\%$$35%, obtained for deformation in the temperature range 1100-1250 °C and a strain rate of$$0.01\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$0.01s-1-$$0.1\, {\text{s}}^{ - 1}$$0.1s-1. These are the optimum conditions for hot working.
Do Local Sex Ratios Approximate Subjective Partner Markets?
Authors: Filser Andreas , Preetz Richard
Published: June 2021

Sex ratios have widely been recognized as an important link between demographic contexts and behavior because changes in the ratio shift sex-specific bargaining power in the partner market. Implicitly, the literature considers individual partner market experiences to be a function of local sex ratios. However, empirical evidence on the correspondence between subjective partner availability and local sex ratios is lacking so far. In this paper, we analyzed how closely a set of different local sex ratio measures correlates with subjective partner market experiences. Linking a longitudinal German survey to population data for different entities (states, counties, municipalities), we used multilevel logistic regression models to explore associations between singles’ subjective partner market experiences and various operationalizations of local sex ratios. Results suggest that local sex ratios correlated only weakly with subjective partner market experiences. Adult sex ratios based on broad age brackets, including those for lower-level entities, did not significantly predict whether individuals predominantly met individuals of their own sex. More fine-grained, age-specific sex ratios prove to be better predictors of subjective partner market experiences, in particular when age hypergamy patterns were incorporated. Nevertheless, the respective associations were only significant for selected measures. In a complementary analysis, we illustrate the validity of the subjective indicator as a predictor of relationship formation. In sum, our results suggest that subjective partner availability is not adequately represented by the broad adult sex ratio measures that are frequently used in the literature. Future research should be careful not to equate local sex ratios and conscious partner market experiences.
Multidimensional thermally-induced transformation of nest-structured complex Au-Fe nanoalloys towards equilibrium
Authors: Johny Jacob , Prymak Oleg , Kamp Marius , Calvo Florent , Kim Se-Ho , Tymoczko Anna , El-Zoka Ayman , Rehbock Christoph , Schürmann Ulrich , Gault Baptiste , Kienle Lorenz , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: June 2021

Bimetallic nanoparticles are often superior candidates for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications owing to their enhanced catalytic, optical, and magnetic properties, which are often better than their monometallic counterparts. Most of their properties strongly depend on their chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and phase distribution. However, little is known of how their crystal structure, on the nanoscale, transforms over time at elevated temperatures, even though this knowledge is highly relevant in case nanoparticles are used in, e.g., high-temperature catalysis. Au-Fe is a promising bimetallic system where the low-cost and magnetic Fe is combined with catalytically active and plasmonic Au. Here, we report on the in situ temporal evolution of the crystalline ordering in Au-Fe nanoparticles, obtained from a modern laser ablation in liquids synthesis. Our in-depth analysis, complemented by dedicated atomistic simulations, includes a detailed structural characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy as well as atom probe tomography to reveal elemental distributions down to a single atom resolution. We show that the Au-Fe nanoparticles initially exhibit highly complex internal nested nanostructures with a wide range of compositions, phase distributions, and size-depended microstrains. The elevated temperature induces a diffusion-controlled recrystallization and phase merging, resulting in the formation of a single face-centered-cubic ultrastructure in contact with a body-centered cubic phase, which demonstrates the metastability of these structures. Uncovering these unique nanostructures with nested features could be highly attractive from a fundamental viewpoint as they could give further insights into the nanoparticle formation mechanism under non-equilibrium conditions. Furthermore, the in situ evaluation of the crystal structure changes upon heating is potentially relevant for high-temperature process utilization of bimetallic nanoparticles, e.g., during catalysis.
Assessing trophic state of surface waters of Służewiecki Stream (Warsaw)
Authors: Wojtkowska Małgorzata , Bojanowski Damian
Published: June 2021

Phosphorus (P) is one of the key nutrient compounds for phytoplankton grow. In the conducted work, eutrophication indexes were used for the assessment of eutrophication level of water course (Służewiecki Stream) and the waters of nearby lakes (Bottom Berensewicz’s Pond, Wyścigi Pond, Wilanowskie Lake). Calculating eutrophication indexes were based on the most important indicators which is crucial for eutrophication process: total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl(a)) and water transparency. The research revealed that the concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in the analysed waters determined intensity of trophic processes. The average concentration of both indicators was high: 0.81 mg/l TP and 6.8 mg/l TN. During this research, two approaches were used: trophic state index (TSI) and trophic level index (TLI). TSI (TP) in Służewiecki Stream were, respectively: 83 and 6.5 whilst for standing waters (lake and ponds) 87 and 6.6. Both indexes indicated high trophic state and confirmed that eutrophication is a serious endangerment for analysed surface waters. Calculated indexes used in the assessment were sufficient and effective for sustainable water protection and management of water quality in Służewiecki Stream and in standing waters.
Pressure and reciprocal rate transient analysis for finite-conductivity vertical fractured hydrocarbon wells under trilinear flow
Authors: Escobar Freddy Humberto , Pineda Fabio Andrés , Suescún-Díaz Daniel
Published: June 2021

Hydraulic well fracturing has been an important practice for well stimulation along the history of the hydrocarbon industry. Therefore, accurate and practical assessment of the fracturing job should be of importance. Interpretation of well pressure and rate test data in vertical finite-conductivity fractured hydrocarbon wells by the TDS methodology and conventional analysis are presented in this paper. The accuracy and practicality of the developed equations are successfully tested with synthetical examples and a field case.
Direct Ink Writing of Highly Conductive MXene Frames for Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Electromagnetic Wave-Induced Thermochromism
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Tu Tingxiang , Dai Yang , Tang Pingping , Zhang Yu , Deng Zhiming , Li Lulu , Zhang Hao-Bin , Yu Zhong-Zhen
Published: June 2021

Highlights

3D printing of MXene frames with tunable electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency is demonstrated.

Highly conductive MXene frames are reinforced by cross-linking with aluminum ions.

Electromagnetic wave is visualized by electromagnetic-thermochromic MXene patterns.

The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components. However, the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications. The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl3/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles, as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions. After freeze-drying, the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25–80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m−1. Furthermore, an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern, and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation. This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.
David Crystal’s 50 Questions About English Usage
Authors: Crystal David
Published: June 2021

David Crystal answers fifty questions about language usage, from general enquiries to specific points of grammar, pronunciation, orthography, vocabulary, idiom, and style.

In this compact, user-friendly book, David Crystal draws on his extensive knowledge and experience to answer questions from English language teachers and learners from around the world. The book covers topics ranging from general enquiries about the language as a whole to specific points of grammar, pronunciation, orthography, vocabulary, idiom and style. The author's responses are illustrated by personal anecdotes, placed within historical and literary context and supported by research and corpus data to provide unique, authentic insights.
When and Why Perceived Organizational Environmental Support Fails to Work: From a Congruence Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhang Zhe , Jia Ming
Published: June 2021

Environmental responsibility has been increasingly emphasized in the management field. Perceived organizational environmental support is generally considered desirable within organizations. Nonetheless, both scholars and practitioners doubt that it is a panacea for enhancing employee green behavior (EGB), an important workplace behavior benefiting the environment and corporate sustainability. From a congruence perspective, this research explores when and why perceived organizational environmental support fails to increase EGB effectively. Drawing upon cue consistency theory and the corporate hypocrisy literature, we propose that perceived organizational environmental support backfires when it is incongruent with another critical cue signaling an organization's environmental stance – perceived supervisory environmental support (particularly when perceived organizational environmental support is higher than perceived supervisory environmental support). This is because the inconsistent signals of environmental support from the organization (in the form of policy commitment) and supervisor (in the form of supportive behaviors) arouse employees’ perception of corporate hypocrisy, which in turn inhibits EGB. Both the scenario experiment results (Study 1) and the polynomial regression results of the field survey data (Study 2) support our hypotheses. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
EQUIVALENCE OF SEMI-NORMS RELATED TO SUPER WEAKLY COMPACT OPERATORS
Authors: TU KUN
Published: June 2021

We study super weakly compact operators through a quantitative method. We introduce a semi-norm

$\sigma (T)$
of an operator

$T:X\to Y$
, where X, Y are Banach spaces, the so-called measure of super weak noncompactness, which measures how far T is from the family of super weakly compact operators. We study the equivalence of the measure

$\sigma (T)$
and the super weak essential norm of T. We prove that Y has the super weakly compact approximation property if and and only if these two semi-norms are equivalent. As an application, we construct an example to show that the measures of T and its dual

$T^*$
are not always equivalent. In addition we give some sequence spaces as examples of Banach spaces having the super weakly compact approximation property.
Enhanced melioidosis surveillance in patients attending four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Win Mo Mo , Win Kyi Kyi Nyein , Wah Thin Thin , Aye Su Nyein , Htwe Tin Tin , Zin Khwar Nyo , Aung Myint Thazin , Aung Wah Wah , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Smithuis Frank , Rigas Vanessa , Currie Bart J. , Mayo Mark , Webb Jessica R. , Ling Clare L. , Htun Zaw Than , Dance David A.B.
Published: June 2021

To investigate the current epidemiology of melioidosis in Yangon, Myanmar, between June 2017 and May 2019 we conducted enhanced surveillance for melioidosis in four tertiary hospitals in Yangon, where the disease was first discovered in 1911. Oxidase-positive Gram-negative rods were obtained from the microbiology laboratories and further analysed at the Department of Medical Research. Analysis included culture on Ashdown agar, the three disc sensitivity test (gentamicin, colistin and co-amoxiclav), latex agglutination, API 20 NE, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and a subset underwent molecular confirmation with aBurkholderia pseudomalleispecific assay. Twenty one of 364 isolates (5.7%) were confirmed asB. pseudomalleiand were mostly susceptible to the antibiotics used in standard therapy for melioidosis. Ten patients were from Yangon Region, nine were from Ayeyarwaddy region, and one each was from Kayin and Rakhine States. A history of soil contact was given by seven patients, five had diabetes mellitus and one had renal insufficiency. The patients presented with septicaemia (12 cases), pneumonia (three cases), urinary tract infection (two cases) and wound infection (four cases). Eighteen patients survived to hospital discharge. This study highlights the likelihood that melioidosis may be far more common, but underdiagnosed, in more rural parts of Myanmar as in other countries in SE Asia.
Assessment of cGMP level in medium during in vitro growth period of murine preantral follicles with and without supplementation of C-type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Ang Li , Xingping Guo , Haixia Cao , Zhulin Wang , Huaixiu Wang
Published: June 2021

To enhance the developmental competency of murine ovarian follicles cultured in vitro, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was supplemented in the culture system. Although the mechanism is not fully elucidated, it was reported that the effect of CNP supplementation was mediated by increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the present study, cGMP levels in media for murine preantral follicle culture were compared both between a control group without CNP supplementation and an experimental group with CNP supplementation and between days in each group. In addition, follicle growth patterns and oocyte maturity were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results demonstrated that along with in vitro culture, cGMP levels increased (P < 0.05) both in the control group and the experimental group, whereas cGMP levels were not significantly different between the two groups on the same day of in vitro culture (P > 0.05). The oocyte’s maturity was superior in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As ovarian follicles grew three-dimensionally in the experimental group but were flattened in the control group, CNP might improve oocyte maturity through maintaining the three-dimensional architecture of the ovarian follicle because of increased transzonal projections (TZP) and functional gap junctions between oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells.
AS-REGULARITY OF GEOMETRIC ALGEBRAS OF PLANE CUBIC CURVES
Authors: ITABA AYAKO , MATSUNO MASAKI
Published: June 2021

In noncommutative algebraic geometry an Artin–Schelter regular (AS-regular) algebra is one of the main interests, and every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is a geometric algebra, introduced by Mori, whose point scheme is either
$\mathbb {P}^{2}$
or a cubic curve in
$\mathbb {P}^{2}$
by Artin et al. [‘Some algebras associated to automorphisms of elliptic curves’, in: The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. 1, Progress in Mathematics, 86 (Birkhäuser, Basel, 1990), 33–85]. In the preceding paper by the authors Itaba and Matsuno [‘Defining relations of 3-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras’, Math. J. Okayama Univ. 63 (2021), 61–86], we determined all possible defining relations for these geometric algebras. However, we did not check their AS-regularity. In this paper, by using twisted superpotentials and twists of superpotentials in the Mori–Smith sense, we check the AS-regularity of geometric algebras whose point schemes are not elliptic curves. For geometric algebras whose point schemes are elliptic curves, we give a simple condition for three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras. As an application, we show that every three-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebra is graded Morita equivalent to a Calabi–Yau AS-regular algebra.