bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase: Electrophoretic Variants Associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Robinson J. C. , Pierce J. E. , Goldstein Donald P.
Published: October 2006

Starch-gel electrophoresis of leukocyte alkaline phosphatases, rendered soluble by treating normal leukocytes with butanol, revealed three electrophoretic variants of the enzyme. The phosphatases in similarly prepared extracts of leukemia cells differed from the normal isozymes in electrophoretic mobility. A single variant was detected in one case of untreated leukemia; a similar component and three additional ones were seen in leukemia treated with 6-mercaptopurine.
Cellular Origin of Hyaluronateprotein in the Human Synovial Membrane
Authors: Blau Sheldon , Janis Rosamond , Hamerman David , Sandson John
Published: October 2006

Bright fluorescent staining, which indicates the presence of hyaluronateprotein, was observed in the lining cells of the synovial membrane following application of rabbit antiserum to hyaluronateprotein and a fluorescein-labeled antiserum to rabbit γ-globulin. Staining was shown to be specific and due to antigenic determinants on or closely associated with the protein moiety of hyaluronateprotein.
Earth Tremors Generated by Old Faithful Geyser
Authors: Rinehart John S.
Published: October 2006

Several types of earth tremors that could be associated with the eruption cycle of Old Faithful Geyser were registered by a seismograph placed a few meters from the geyser's orifice. Each tremor type was indicative of a specific geyser action. A totally unexpected result was an observed bimodal distribution in frequency of the interval between eruptions.
Iron Minerals Formed by a Nuclear Explosion in a Salt Bed
Authors: Nathans M. W. , Smith D. K. , Kahn J. S.
Published: October 2006

The nuclear event, Gnome, was carried out in halite in the Salado formation and yielded a varied mineral assemblage. The iron support members reacted in the salt melt and formed several iron oxide phases. The magnetite which formed during the fireball stage reached in various ways with the environment to form higher oxides and hydrated oxides.
Mitosis: Induction by Cultures of Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
Authors: Hashem Nemat
Published: October 2006

Ribosomal RNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes, which had been recently stimulated by specific antigens to which the donor was sensitized, is capable of promoting transformation and mitosis when added to cultures of autologous unstimulated lymphocytes.
Nucleic Acid and Protein Changes in Wheat Leaf Nuclei during Rust Infection
Authors: Bhattacharya P. K. , Naylor J. M. , Shaw Michael
Published: October 2006

Microspectrophotometric measurements of DNA, RNA, histone, and total protein in the nuclei of mesophyll cells of Little Club wheat leaves were made at intervals after infection with the stem rust fungus. No change in host DNA was found within 6 days after inoculation, but there were decreases in histones and marked increases in RNA and acidic proteins as early as 2 days after inoculation.
Hemoglobin J
Korat
in Thais
Authors: Blackwell R. Quentin , Blackwell Boon-Nam , Huang Jeanette Tung-Hsiang , Chien Li-Chin , Samaharn Arkom , Thephusdin Chamras , Borvornsin Chatra
Published: October 2006

Hemoglobin J
Korat
, a "fast" hemoglobin with an anomaly in its beta chain different from the anomalies previously reported, was the major hemoglobin component in the blood of nine subjects among 1923 Thais from northeastern Thailand. After hemoglobin E, J
Korat
is the second most frequent of the anomalous hemoglobins among Thais.
Electrophoresis of Hemoglobin in Single Erythrocytes
Authors: Matioli Gastone T. , Niewisch Helgard B.
Published: October 2006

A technique for electrophoretic analysis of the hemoglobin mixtures from single erythrocytes has been developed. Hemoglobin mixtures were separated into their constituents, A
2
, A, C, S, and J, at least qualitatively.
Myoinositol Kinase: Partial Purification and Identification of Product
Authors: English Patricia D. , Dietz Michael , Albersheim Peter
Published: October 2006

Myoinositol kinase found in plant, animal, and microbial extracts has been partially purified by density-gradient centrifugation. The product of the enzymic reaction has been tentatively identified by paper chromatography. as myoinositol-1-phosphate.
Tryptophan Pyrrolase Induced in Human Liver by Hydrocortisone: Effect on Excretion of Kynurenine
Authors: Altman Kurt , Greengard Olga
Published: October 2006

Administration of hydrocortisone causes two- to fourfold increase in the level of activity of tryptophan pyrrolase in human liver, as measured in needle-biopsy specimens. Correlation of the higher levels of the enzyme with the amounts of urinary kynurenine suggests that the tryptophan pyrrolase level, which is regulated by adrenocortical hormones, may be the important variable in the increased excretion of tryptophan metabolites that accompanies various diseases.
Bacteriophage T5 Chromosome Fractionation: Genetic Specificity of a DNA Fragment
Authors: Lanni Yvonne Théry , Lanni Frank , Tevethia Mary Judith
Published: October 2006

The bacteriophage T5 DNA fragments retained by a population of blended early complexes, formed under conditions of limited viral DNA transfer to host cells, appear to include only one of six tested cistrons. When complexes harboring wild-type fragments are infected with appropriate amber mutants, recombination occurs but apparently is not needed for productive infection.
Lymphocytes from Thymectomized Rats: Immunologic, Proliferative, and Metabolic Properties
Authors: Rieke William O.
Published: October 2006

Thoracic duct lymphocytes from neonatally thymectomized Lewis rats fail to produce runt disease in newborn Brown Norway rats when injected with up to ten times the number of normal lymphocytes needed to cause runting. The immunologically deficient lymphocytes appear, however, to confer tolerance, and at least some enlarge and divide when stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin, or xenogeneic or allogeneic cells. Small lymphocytes from thymectomized animals have defective RNA metabolism as judged by a marked impairment in their ability to incorporate uridine-5-H
3
or cytidine-H
3
in vitro.
Murine Leukemia Viruses: Antigenic Studies by Quantitative Complement Fixation
Authors: Gerber Paul , O'Connor Timothy E. , Birch Suzette M.
Published: October 2006

The murine leukemia viruses of Rauscher and Friend, derived from plasma of infected Balb/c mice, was purified. Their antigenic relationship was studied by quantitative complement-fixation reactions with the virion antigen and homologous antiserums. The complement-fixation curves observed in cross-reactions indicated close antigenic similarity between these two leukemia viruses. Highly purified viral preparations contained detectable amounts of host antigens.
Receptive Fields of Opponent Color Units in the Optic Nerve of the Ground Squirrel
Authors: Michael Charles R.
Published: October 2006

When mapped with white light, each receptive field consisted either of an excitatory ("on") center and a concentric inhibitory ("off") surround, or of the reverse arrangement. Monochromatic stimuli revealed that each receptive field was composed of two mutually antagonistic components (one excitatory, one inhibitory) which had different spectral sensitivities and different spatial distributions. For some units the two chromatic components had identical spatial distributions.
Endrin: Use of Concentration in Blood to Diagnose Acute Toxicity to Fish
Authors: Mount Donald I. , Vigor Linda W. , Schafer Mary L.
Published: October 2006

Channel catfish,
Ictalurus punctatus
(Rafinesque), were exposed to continuously renewed solutions of endrin in water. Analyses of the fish blood by gas chromatography revealed a well-defined threshold concentration of endrin in the blood, approximately 0.30 microgram per gram, that, if exceeded, results in death. Fish exposed to lethal concentrations of endrin in water for periods of time insufficient to cause death had blood-endrin concentrations markedly lower than those that died from exposure to the same water. There was little overlap in range of endrin concentration in blood between dead and living exposed fish.
Conditions for Purine Synthesis: Did Prebiotic Synthesis Occur at Low Temperatures?
Authors: Sanchez R. , Ferris J. , Orgel L. E.
Published: October 2006

The rate of polymerization of hydrogen cyanide to aminomalononitrile and the tetramer, diaminomalonodinitrile, is quadratic in the total cyanide concentration. Since the reactions form part of a plausible prebiotic purine synthesis and since they compete with hydrolysis, concentration of cyanide may have been important. This may be achieved usefully by cooling to separate out ice.
Formylmethionine Codon AUG as an Initiator of Polypeptide Synthesis
Authors: Thach R. E. , Dewey K. F. , Brown J. C. , Doty Paul
Published: October 2006

Oligonucleotide messengers containing the sequence AUG at or near the 5′ end of the chain stimulate the incorporation of
N
-formylmethionine, but not of free (unformylated) methionine. AUG is considerably more active in this regard than UUG, the other
N
-formylmethionine codon. The coding activity of subsequent in-phase triplets in the 3′ direction from AUG is markedly stimulated by this codon.
Evidence of Early Pyrometallurgy in the Kerman Range in Iran
Authors: Dougherty Ralph C. , Caldwell Joseph R.
Published: October 2006

Physical and chemical analysis of pottery fragments, including a crucible shard and ore samples from Tal-i-Iblis, Iran, suggests that copper smelting may have been well advanced late in the fifth millennium B.C.
Gekkonid Lizards: Average Ages Derived from Tail-Loss Data
Authors: Bustard H. Robert , Hughes R. D.
Published: October 2006

Information on the rate of tail loss by autotomy, obtained from mark and recapture data, was used to estimate the average ages of adult individuals of the geckos
Gehyra variegate
and
Heteronota binoei
; the ages calculated were 4.4 and 1.9 years, respectively.
Meteorites: Optical Activity in Organic Matter
Authors: Meinschein W. G. , Frondel Clifford , Laur Peter , Mislow Kurt
Published: October 2006

A low-amplitude, positive, Cotton effect, centered at about 340 millimicrons, has been observed in organic extracts of samples from ordinary (noncarbonaceous) chondrites. Ancillary evidence renders it likely that this optical activity derived from contamination by biologic materials on Earth.
Shock-Lithification of Unconsolidated Rock Materials
Authors: Short Nicholas M.
Published: October 2006

Loose quartz grains packed around chemical explosives are forced during cratering explosions into compacted, coherent masses resembling sandstone blocks found at certain meteorite craters. Sandstone-like lumps found at the Wabar (Arabia) meteorite craters are similar to these shock-lithified sands. Shock-lithification by impact may be effected on Moon as large meteorites strike surfaces covered with rubble from earlier collisions.
Pressure- Induced Dehydration Reactions and Transitions in Inorganic Hydrates
Authors: Sood R. Raman , Stager R. A.
Published: October 2006

Application of high pressure at 25°C irreversibly dehydrated five inorganic compounds containing molecular water to lower hydrates or to anhydrous forms. Compression at 25°C also lead to ten new reversible phase transformations in another group of nine hydrates. Maximum pressure applied was 22.6 kilobars.
Direct Test of the Power Function for Loudness
Authors: Marks Lawrence E. , Slawson† A. Wayne
Published: October 2006

The loudness of a sound was made to grow as a function of time along a variety of paths. Observers judged the degree of apparent deviation from linearity of the various paths of loudness growth. The growth of loudness was judged to be least nonlinear when the sound pressure was made to increase as the 1.67 power of time. It follows, therefore, that loudness must be related to sound pressure by a power function with exponent 0.6 (reciprocal of 1.67). This outcome shows that the exponent of the psychophysical power function may be verified by a procedure that does not require the assumption that numerical estimates are proportional to subjective magnitudes.
Sediment Transport in a Precambrian Ice Age: The Huronian Gowganda Formation
Authors: Lindsey David A.
Published: October 2006

The Gowganda Formation of Ontario consists of conglomerates, quartzites, and argillites deposited in a glacial environment. The distribution of varved argillites and silty limestones suggests continental and marine facies, respectively. Pebble and ripple-drift orientations, distribution of limestones, striated pavements, distribution of the underlying Bruce Group, and Huronian quartzite paleocurrents support the conclusion that sediment transport was from north to south.
Last of the West Ford Dipoles
Authors: Shapiro Irwin I.
Published: October 2006

Radar measurements confirm that the several hundred million individually orbiting West Ford dipoles reentered the lower atmosphere in precise accord with predictions. Calculations indicate that these tiny copper wires survived reentry and floated gently back to Earth; unfortunately, the probability of finding one is minuscule. Some dipole clusters remain in orbit but almost all should return to Earth within the next 2 years.
Crystal Structure of Kernite, Na
2
B
4
O
6
(OH)
2
⋅ 3H
2
O
Authors: Giese R. F.
Published: October 2006

Kernite, Na
2
B
4
O
6
(OH)
2
⋅ 3H
2
O, contains parallel infinite chains of the borate polyanion [B
4
O
6
(OH)
2
]
n
2n—
. The chains are composed of six-membered rings containing one boron-oxygen triangle and two boron-oxygen tetrahedra. The rings are linked through commonly shared boron-oxygen tetrahedra.
Respiratory Control: Loss in Mitochondria from Diseased Plants
Authors: Wheeler Harry , Hanchey Penelope J.
Published: October 2006

Mitochondria from healthy oat seedlings oxidized succinate with good respiratory control and high ratios of adenosine diphosphate to oxygen. After treatment with victorin, the pathotoxin responsible for symptoms of Victoria blight of oats, susceptible seedlings yielded mitochondria with little respiratory control and lower ratios of adenosine diphosphate to oxygen. No such effects were obtained with victorin-treated resistant seedlings or when victorin was added directly to mitochondria from healthy susceptible or resistant plants. These data indicate that victorin-induced disease results in a reduction in efficiency of the energy-generating system of isolated mitochondria.
Tetrahymena
: Effect of Freezing and Subsequent Thawing on Breeding Performance
Authors: Simon Ellen M. , Hwang Shuh-Wei
Published: October 2006

Tetrahymena pyriformis
, syngen 1, frozen in 10 percent dimethylsulfoxide, stored for 2 months, and then thawed could conjugate normally. More significantly, they were viable, in normal numbers, through two sexual reorganizations. The strains apparently did not sustain genetic damage during the treatment. The techniques offer considerable promise for the maintenance of breeding stocks in ciliated protozoans.
Glutathione Reductase in Red Blood Cells: Variant Associated with Gout
Authors: Long Walter K.
Published: October 2006

A variant of red cell glutathione reductase, characterized by greater electrophoretic mobility, increased enzyme activity per unit of hemoglobin, and an autosomal mode of inheritance, has been found in Negro populations. There appears to be an association of this variant with primary gout.
Heme and Globin Synthesis Control: Observations in vivo in Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Kreimer-Birnbaum Martha , Bannerman Robin M.
Published: October 2006

After administration of glycine-2-
14
C to a patient with thalassemia, the specific activities of heme and globin of F hemoglobin were consistently higher than those of hemoglobin A. After reaching a maximum, the ratio of the specific activity of heme to that of globin remained constant within each hemoglobin. Explanations considered include dilution by preformed subunits, differential turnover of hemoglobins, and possibly more than one heme-synthesizing pool.
Antibodies to Rabbit Cytochrome
c
Arising in Rabbits
Authors: Nisonoff Alfred , Margoliash Emanuel , Reichlin Morris
Published: October 2006

Antibodies reactive with rabbit cytochrome
c
have been observed in rabbits immunized with several heterologous cytochromes. Such antibodies have also been observed in rabbits immunized with rabbit cytochrome
c
conjugated to bovine gamma globulin. The serum of a rabbit immunized with human cytochrome
c
reacted with the cytochrome
c
of the same rabbit.
Lysine Transport in Human Kidney: Evidence for Two Systems
Authors: Rosenberg Leon E. , Albrecht Isidora , Segal Stanton
Published: October 2006

Experiments with slices of human kidney cortex from two control subjects demonstrated two distinct transport systems for lysine (α and β) which differ greatly in affinity and capacity. Both systems were found in kidney from two patients with cystinuria. Studies with rat kidney confirmed these findings. These experiments defined only a single transport system for cystine in kidney from both control and cystinuric subjects.
Sulfur Mustard and X-Rays: Differences in Expression of Lethal Damage
Authors: Mauro F. , Elkind M. M.
Published: October 2006

Before or after treatment with sulfur mustard, simple changes in the incubation conditions of cultured Chinese hamster cells lead to changes as great as a factor of 6 in survival-curve slopes. With x-ray treatment, changes are similar but much smaller in magnitude. These results suggest that the modes of action of these agents are not entirely the same.
Heat Inactivation of the Relaxing Site of Actomyosin: Prevention and Reversal with Dithiothreitol
Authors: Levy Harvey M. , Ryan Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2006

Adenosine triphosphate and magnesium (MgATP) inhibit contraction by binding to a specific relaxing site on natural actomyosin gel. This inhibitory control site is distinct from the active sites where MgATP causes contraction. In high concentrations of MgATP, calcium triggers contraction by releasing the protein from substrate inhibition, allowing the contractile reactions to occur. Heating the protein for 5 minutes at 43°C selectively inactivates the relaxing site. After this treatment, actomyosin with MgATP contracts as well without calcium as with it. That this effect of heat is prevented and reversed by dithiothreitol (an agent that reduces disulfide bonds) indicates that the structure of the relaxing site depends on certain labile sulfhydryl groups, which may be those of tropomyosin. When these are oxidized to disulfide bonds, the site loses its activity; when the disulfide bonds are reduced, the site regains its activity.
Virus Particles and Murine Leukemia Virus Complement-Fixing Antigen in Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Cell Lines
Authors: Hall William T. , Andresen William F. , Sanford Katherine K. , Evans Virginia J. , Hartley Janet W.
Published: October 2006

Twenty-seven lines of murine tissue cultures derived from 12 different cell pools and grown on various media were examined with the electron microscope for morphologically detectable virus particles. They were also tested for complement-fixing mouse leukemia virus antigens and for recoverable virus. A 100-percent correlation between results obtained by these two methods is reported. An additional 19 lines from 8 different cell pools were examined for either virus particles or complement-fixing antigens. All lines were assayed for neoplastic transformation. Seven cell pools gave rise to lines showing evidence of contamination with leukemia virus. Since most of these lines had also undergone "spontaneous" neoplastic transformation in vitro, this virus cannot be excluded as a possible cause of the neoplastic change, or of influencing it. The remaining cell pools gave rise to lines with no evidence of contamination with leukemia virus; but most of these lines also underwent similar transformation. These results suggest that "spontaneous" neoplastic transformation can occur in the absence of detectable mouse leukemia virus.
Esterase Polymorphism in Natural Populations of a Sulfur Butterfly,
Colias eurytheme
Authors: Burns John M. , Johnson F. M.
Published: October 2006

Starch-gel electrophoresis of esterases of wild and laboratory-reared individuals of
Colias eurytheme
indicates that populations in central Texas are exceedingly variable, consisting almost entirely of heterozygotes formed from a large number of alleles at an autosomal locus controlling the production of an esterase designated EST E. Few wild individuals are genetically identical at this locus. The commonest member of the allelic series is an apparent null allele that results in no EST E activity.
Iodide Abundance in Oilfield Brines in Oklahoma
Authors: Collins A. Gene , Egleson G. C.
Published: October 2006

Samples of subsurface water, oil, and rock from strata of Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age in the Northern Oklahoma Platform area were analyzed. Several of the water samples contained iodide at more than 500 parts per million. Analyses of the brines and rock indicated that the iodide originated organically.
Transferrin D
1
: Identity in Australian Aborigines and American Negroes
Authors: Wang An-Chuan , Sutton H. Eldon , Scott Ian D.
Published: October 2006

Human transferrin D
1
obtained from an Australian aborigine was found to have the same substitution of glycine for aspartic acid in peptide 1C previously shown in transferrin D
1
from an American Negro. This finding is relevant to formation of distinct Australoid and African populations.
Disulfur Monoxide: Production by
Desulfovibrio
Authors: Iverson Warren P.
Published: October 2006

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
growing on agar surfaces produces a gas that appears to be identical to "Schenk's sulfur monoxide," which was later identified as disulfur monoxide. The gas stimulates surface growth of
Desulfovibrio
on an agar medium and is used by the cells as an electron donor for the reduction of benzyl viologen.
Oxygen Isotopes: Experimental Vapor Fractionation and Variations in Tektites
Authors: Walter Louis S. , Clayton Robert N.
Published: October 2006

High-temperature (about 2800°C) vapor fractionation of a silicate glass that originally contained 82 percent by weight of SiO
2
resulted in a decrease of the silica content to 45 percent. Oxygen isotope analyses show that the O
18
/O
16
ratio increased from 13.80 per mil in the starting material to 14.47 and 15.03 per mil in the residuum. This suggests that bediasites, which also exhibit an increase in this ratio with decreasing content of silica, have been subjected to a process of vapor fractionation.
Radiolarian Evidence Consistent with Spreading of the Pacific Floor
Authors: Riedel W. R.
Published: October 2006

In sediments west of the East Pacific Rise between the equator and 20°N, Eocene microfossils are recorded no farther east than 134°W; Oligocene, no farther east than 125°W; while Miocene and Pliocene occurrences extend closer to the crest of the rise. This distribution may result from post-Eocene spreading of the sea floor here averaging about 8 centimeters per year.
How Much Research?
Authors: Pitzer Kenneth S.
Published: October 2006

In conclusion, I believe the components which I have discussed constitute an outline of a sound program for federal support of science in universities, which provides first, a basic minimum of funding proportional to the growth of the research student population, and second, a pattern of grants based upon justified need and individual merit for more costly instruments, postdoctoral appointments, and other factors that allow our best scientists to be more productive. In addition, there is, of course, the array of major national facilities and programs, each judged individually, in fields requiring very costly equipment.
Heterophile Reactive Antigen in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Peters John H.
Published: October 2006

Specific heterophile reactive antigen has been localized by means of indirect immunofluorescence in 12 of 13 kidney biopsy specimens obtained during the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis. I feel that this may represent the identification of infectious agent antigen. Evidence is also presented for the possible existence of two different strains of the agent of infectious mononucleosis.
Polyribosomes of Growing Bacteria
Authors: Flessel C. Peter , Ralph Peter , Rich Alexander
Published: October 2006

A method of extracting polyribosomes has been developed which uses lysozyme on bacteria in the exponential phase of growth. This procedure recovers more than 80 percent of the total ribonucleic acid and nearly all of the soluble protein. Analysis of the lysate on sucrose gradients shows that 80 to 90 percent of the ribosomes sediment with the polysome fractions, indicating little or no degradation. The method has been applied to both a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative organism under various growth conditions and has proved uniformly successful.
Fast Potential Spike of Frog Skin Generated at the Outer Surface of the Epithelium
Authors: Lindemann B. , Thorns U.
Published: October 2006

Experiments were performed to test which structure of frog skin epithelium is responsible for the electrical excitation (fast, all-or-none potential spike) displayed by this tissue during stimulation with a current pulse. Preselected cells of the outer epithelial surface were punctured by microelectrodes under microscopical observation. The major part of the transepithelia resting resistance and the major part of the spike were recorded between microelectrode tip and outside bathing solution. A leak between microelectrode and punctured membrane is made responsible for the attenuation of spike amplitude observed under these recording conditions. It is shown that if the spike is generated at but one of the series membranes of the epithelium, this membrane must be at the outermost border of the tissue.
Electron Microscopy: Enhancement of Specimen Contrast by Injection of Atoms
Authors: Manley J. H.
Published: October 2006

Injections of biological specimens and substrates with cesium were made with a small accelerator in the energy range of 20 to 1000 electron volts. Subsequent electron microscopic examination demonstrated that the contrast and appearance of the specimen depend on its structure and on the energy of injection. Substrate noise is decreased over conventional contrasting techniques. The same accelerator provides controlled etching of the specimen.
Cysteamine: Differential X-ray Protective Effect on Chinese Hamster Cells During the Cell Cycle
Authors: Sinclair Warren K.
Published: October 2006

Cysteamine present during x-irradiation protects synchronized Chinese hamster cells in culture against lethal damage at all stages of the cell cycle. The effect is greatest for cells irradiated at sensitive stages such as G
1
and least for resistant cells; for example, late S (dose-modifying factors 4.2 and 2.7, respectively). The effect of 50 millimolar cysteamine is to render almost invariant the normally variant x-ray age response for lethality. This suggests that there are two components of x-ray damage, only one of which is age dependent, and it is against this component that cysteamine protects the cell. Cystamine, however, has no protective effect upon these cells at any stage of the cell cycle.
Skin Sensory Afterglows
Authors: Melzack Ronald , Eisenberg Howard
Published: October 2006

Brief stimulation of the upper lip with the tip of a nylon thread frequently produces an "afterglow" sensation that may persist as long as several minutes after cessation of stimulation. The duration of afterglow is increased by strong suggestion, and decreased by vibration of the skin prior to stimulation. The afterglow may be followed by a period of acute "awareness" of the area, distinctly different from the stimulus and afterglow sensations. The afterglows produced by a warm stimulator applied to the back often well up into a painful sting.
Kornerupine: Its Crystal Structure
Authors: Moore Paul B. , Bennett J. Michael
Published: October 2006

Three-dimensional analysis of the crystal structure of kornerupine reveals the crystallochemical formula Mg
VI
2
Mg
VI
Al
VI
6
[Si
2
O
7
] [(Al,Si)
2
SiO
10
]O
4
(OH), with four formula units in the structure cell of
a
= 16.100 (2) Å,
b
= 13.767(2) Å,
c
= 6.735(2) Å; space group,
Cmcm
. The unusual crystal structure includes walls of Al-O edge and corner-sharing octahedra, and chains of alternating Mg-O and Al-O octahedra fused to the walls by further edge-sharing to form dense slabs. These slabs are held together by [Si
2
O
7
] corner-sharing tetrahedral pairs and [(Al,Si)
2
SiO
10
] corner-sharing tetrahedral triplets.
Leaf Temperatures of Desert Plants
Authors: Gates David M. , Alderfer Ronald , Taylor Elwynn
Published: October 2006

Temperatures of small leaves of many desert plants are within 3° C of air temperature in contrast to the temperature of
Opuntia
in the same locale; this plant has a temperature 10° to 16° C above air temperature. Theoretical justification for the observation is given based on an energy budget analysis.
Streptomycin Resistance Mutation in
Escherichia coli
: Altered Ribosomal Protein
Authors: Traub Peter , Nomura Masayasu
Published: October 2006

Reconstitution of 30
S
ribosomal particles was performed with 16
S
ribosomal RNA, "core" proteins, and "split" proteins from 30
S
particles derived from streptomycin-sensitive and streptomycin-resistant
Escherichia coli
cells in various combinations. Analysis of streptomycin sensitivity of the reconstituted particles has shown that the alteration induced by the resistance mutation resides in the core proteins, and not in the RNA or in the split proteins of the 30
S
particles.
Actinomycin D: Inhibition of Phospholipid Synthesis in Chick Embryo Cells
Authors: Pastan Ira , Friedman Robert M.
Published: October 2006

When chick embryo fibroblasts are exposed to actinomycin D for 30 minutes to 3 hours, there is progressive inhibition of phospholipid synthesis, so that by 3 hours the inhibition is 40 percent. All phospholipids are affected. Since this inhibition is twice as great as the inhibition of protein synthesis, some effects of actinomycin D previously ascribed to decreased protein synthesis must be reevaluated.
Meteoritic Impact and Deformation of Quartz
Authors: Carter Neville L.
Published: October 2006

Quartz deformation lamellae parallel to c{0001} and planar features parallel to ω{101̅3} appear to be both characteristic of and reliable criteria for quartz deformed by shock due to impact by meteorite or comet. These features are readily distinguished from microstructures, induced during tectonic deformation, by differences in optical properties or spatial and crystallographic orientations of statistically sound populations, or in both.
Interferon Production and Action in Mouse, Hamster, and Somatic Hybrid Mouse-Hamster Cells
Authors: Carver David H. , Seto Dexter S. Y. , Migeon Barbara R.
Published: October 2006

A hybrid mouse-hamster cell line was developed from a mouse cell line which produces a high titer of interferon and is sensitive to its action, and a hamster cell line which produces little interferon and is relatively insensitive to its action. Parental cell lines demonstrated complete species specificity with respect to interferon production and action. The hybrid cells produced interferon (or interferons) effective when tested on the mouse cell line and primary hamster cells; the hybrids were sensitive to the action of both mouse and hamster interferons. Hybrid cells produced ten times more hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line and were eight times more sensitive to hamster interferon than the parent hamster cell line.
Concentration-Gradient-Driven Convection: Experiments
Authors: Thomas David G. , Armistead Robert A.
Published: October 2006

Concentration-gradient-driven convection was studied by measurement of the rate of dissolution of the lower face of a KCl single crystal in contact with various solvents. The rate of mass transfer due to convective stirring appeared to follow the Rayleigh number to the one-third power law. A regular pattern of etch pits due to the convective stirring action was observed in the crystal face after exposure to water for 5 minutes. Schlieren photographs of the early stages of dissolution showed a regular pattern of spikes having approximately the same dimensions as the etch pits in the crystals.
Galactic X-rays: Variable Sources in Hydromagnetic Waves
Authors: LeLevier R. E. , Libby L. Marshall
Published: October 2006

Galactic sources of x-rays fluctuating in intensity are explained as being small regions, of enhanced gas density and temperature, emitting thermal Coulomb bremsstrahlung of kiloelectron-volt energies. Hydromagnetic wave motions, of the magnetic fields in the galactic spiral arms, produce the enhanced regions by compressing the clouds of ionized gas to which they are tied by their high electrical conductivity. From the observed periods of fluctuation of a few months, together with the hydromagnetic velocity, it is estimated that the average size of sources does not exceed 10
16
centimeters. By using the formula for Coulomb bremsstrahlung and requiring that the sources shall produce the observed x-ray fluxes, one finds a second estimate of size of sources in agreement at about 10
16
centimeters. Such regions are too small to be observable radio sources with current radio telescopes.
Circadian Rhythmicity in Amino Acid Incorporation in
Euglena gracilis
Authors: Feldman Jerry F.
Published: October 2006

A daily rhythm of amino acid incorporation exists in nondividing cultures of
Euglena
kept in a light-dark cycle. This rhythmicity persists for the two cycles measured in cultures transferred to constant conditions and is therefore probably circadian in nature.
Pulsars: Observations of Spectra
Authors: Goldstein R. M.
Published: October 2006

Dynamic spectrograms of two of the recently discovered pulsating radio sources have been obtained. The data provide the instantaneous spectrum and the time-frequency history of the signals over a bandwidth of 3 megahertz.
Rhapidosomes: 2′-O-Methylated Ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Correll David L.
Published: October 2006

Methylation of the RNA component from seven flexibacterial rhapidosomes varied in extent, distribution along the RNA chain, and distribution between nucleotides. Flexibacterial soluble and ribosomal RNA had normal (low) methylation.
Hemoglobin Variant Common to Chinese and North American Indians: α
2
β
2
22Glu→Ala
Authors: Blackwell R. Quentin , Liu Chen-Sheng , Yang Hung-Ju , Wang Cheng-Chang , Huang Jeanette Tung-Hsiang
Published: October 2006

An electrophoretically slow hemoglobin variant, in which the structural change involves the replacement of a glutamyl residue by alanyl at position beta-22, was reported in two groups of North American Indians: hemoglobin-G Coushatta, in Alabama-Coushatta Indians in Texas; and hemoglobin-G Saskatoon, in descendants of Santee Indians living in Canada. Hemoglobin-G Hsin-Chu, found in Taiwan in a Chinese from the northern Chinese province of Liaoning, is now shown to have the same structural anomaly.
Bird Orientation: A Method of Study
Authors: McDonald Dennis L.
Published: October 2006

A psychophysical technique has been applied to the study of bird orientation. The technique enables precise determinations of the accuracy with which a bird can orient itself. Data indicate that a pigeon can detect angular displacement as little as 3.4 degrees.
Partial Hydroxylation of Certain Lysines In Collagen
Authors: Butler William T.
Published: October 2006

Peptides derived from the al chain of collagen have been isolated in small amounts and have been shown to differ from ones found in expected amounts only by substitution of hydroxylysine for lysine. This observation indicates that hydroxylation of these lysines by protocollagen hydroxylase has been effected to a very minor extent.
Migratory Animals as Dispersal Agents of Cultural Materials
Authors: Heizer Robert F.
Published: October 2006

Migratory animals (such as waterfowl, fish, whales, and seals) and large land animals (such as deer, elephant, bear, and cattle) that were hunted for food by aboriginal peoples may be struck, but not killed, by projectile weapons which remain imbedded in the body. Individuals which survive may be killed elsewhere, and the projectile weapon tips may be recovered. Numerous instances are cited. Such exotic artifacts can be mistakenly attributed to cultural contact between distant human groups unless archeologists are aware of this special kind of diffusion process.
Sea Urchin Response to Foreign Substances
Authors: Hilgard Henry R. , Phillips John H.
Published: October 2006

An assessment of the response of
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
to substances injected into the coelom shows that (i) foreign molecules are cleared from the coelomic fluid more rapidly than native molecules, (ii) coelomocytes can respond selectively to albumins of human and bovine origin, and (iii) immunization attempts fail to elicit accelerated coelomocyte uptake or accelerated clearance of foreign protein.
Short-Latency Antidiuresis Following the Initiation of Food Ingestion
Authors: Kakolewski Jan W. , Cox Verne C. , Valenstein Elliot S.
Published: October 2006

A factor associated with the ingestion of food is shown to produce a short-latency antidiuresis. Animals consuming large quantities of a highly palatable solution during a period of food deprivation exhibit an antidiuresis immediately following the initiation of eating. The rapidity of the response raises the possibility of a signaling factor separate from postingestional influences.
Age of Bed V, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Leakey L. S. B. , Protsch Reiner , Berger Rainer
Published: October 2006

Various finds of hominid remains in the Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, have focused interest upon the age of the deposits in the sequence of six beds. After bed I was dated by the potassium-argon decay method, an absolute date of 10,400 years has now been obtained with the radiocarbon method from a sample of mammalian bones for bed V.
Antibodies to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides: Relation between Binding and Electrophoretic Heterogeneity
Authors: Pincus Jack H. , Haber Edgar , Katz Moshe , Pappenheimer A. M.
Published: October 2006

Antibodies to type III and type VIII pneumococcal polysaccharides were examined with respect to ligand binding and electrophoretic heterogeneity. Both antibodies showed apparent binding homogeneity, although multiple light chain and heavy chain electrophoretic species were demonstrated.
Single Crystals of Transfer RNA from Formylmethionine and Phenylalanine Transfer RNA's
Authors: Hampel Arnold , Labanauskas Mindaugas , Connors Peter G. , Kirkegard Leslie , Rajbhandary Uttam L. , Sigler Paul B. , Bock Robert M.
Published: October 2006

Reproducible conditions have been developed for crystallization of transfer RNA. The conditions may be applicable to many pure transfer RNA species since identical procedures (except for initial transfer RNA concentration) yielded good crystals from both yeast and Escherichia coli transfer RNA. These crystals, which must be kept at temperatures below about 10°C and handled in vapor of controlled alcohol concentration, have been studied by x-ray crystallography. The availability of crystals of a nucleic acid opens a route for extending knowledge of the tertiary structure of transfer RNA and its relation to important biological functions.
Deoxycytidine and Radiation Response: Exceedingly High Deoxycytidine Aminohydrolase Activity in Human Liver
Authors: Zícha Blahoslav , Buřič Lubomir
Published: October 2006

The activity of deoxycytidine aminohydrolase in the liver of various species including man was investigated. An enormously high activity was found in human liver. This fact explains the extraordinarily low level of deoxycytidine in human urine in comparison with that of other tested species. The suitability of deoxycitidinuria as a biochemical indicator of postirradiation damage in man remains, therefore, an open question.
Megalithic Plan Underlying Canterbury Cathedral
Authors: Borst Lyle B.
Published: October 2006

Woodhenge and the Trinity chapel, Canterbury, are strikingly similar in outline. One is megalithic, the other Norman Christian over Saxon Christian. An analysis of the geometry shows that both are based on Pythagorean triangles: Woodhenge with sides, 6, 17.5, and 18.5, and Canterbury with sides 12, 72, and 73 in megalithic yards. The structurally more recent eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral may have been built over and around an older megalithic site. The longitudinal axes of the composite cathedral differ by 2°, and these, if aligned on Betelgeuse, would indicate buried megalithic structures dating from 2300, 1900, and 1500 B.C.
Hemicholinium-3: Noncholinergic Effects on Squid Axons
Authors: Frazier Donald T. , Narahashi Toshio , Moore John W.
Published: October 2006

Hemicholinium-3, when applied to the inside of a squid axon, is effective in blocking the
action potential. This action is not antagonized by the addition of choline or
acetylcholine to the perfusate. Voltage-clamp experiments show that hemicholinium-3
depresses both the early transient and late steady-state components of membrane ionic
conductances, with a greater effect on the peak transient component.
Ethylene: A Factor in Defoliation Induced by Auxins
Authors: Hallaway Mary , Osborne Daphne J.
Published: October 2006

Aerial sprays of synthetic auxins defoliate many species of tropical trees. Treatment of
Euonymus japonica
leaves with the
n
-butyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid causes premature senescence and leaf fall and stimulates ethylene production by the blade 5- to 25-fold. Exposure to ethylene alone similarly accelerates senescence and leaf fall. Evidence indicates that the defoliant action of auxin is mediated through the enhanced amounts of ethylene in the blade.
Prolactin in the Postpartum Rat: Synthesis and Release in the Absence of Suckling Stimulation
Authors: Moltz Howard , Levin Robert , Leon Michael
Published: October 2006

Postpartum female rats deprived of suckling stimulation while being kept continuously with pups nonetheless suspended ovarian cyclicity for an average of 16 days and responded to uterine trauma by forming deciduomata. These results show that the extramammary stimulation afforded by young is alone capable of sustaining prolactin output from the adenohypophysis of the postpartum rat.
Reduced Incidence of Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in C3H/He Mice After Treatment with Polyadenylate-Polyuridylate
Authors: Lacour Fanny , Delage Geneviève , Chianale Colette
Published: October 2006

The effect of treatment with the double-stranded polynucleotide complex polyadenylate ⋅ polyuridylate [poly(A) ⋅ poly(U)] on tumor development in C3H/He mice was evaluated. Poly(A) ⋅ poly(U) was injected in newborn females, and mice were observed for 380 days. During this experimental period 42 percent of treated mice developed tumors, while the incidence in the control group was 63 percent. This difference was statistically significant.
Electron Spin Resonance for Detecting Polyadenylate Tracts in RNA's
Authors: Bobst Albert M. , Sinha Tapas K. , Pan Yu-Ching E.
Published: October 2006

Electron spin resonance is used to detect RNA's that contain polyadenylate tracts. The method depends on the ability of RNA's that contain polyadenylate sequences to associate with poly(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro)uridylic acid, which has been spin-labeled with 4-(2-iodoacetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl. The formation of the hybridization product can be detected by monitoring the decrease in mobility of the spin probe.
Polyoma Virus Gene Activity during Lytic Infection and in Transformed Animal Cells
Authors: Martin Malcolm A. , Axelrod David
Published: October 2006

Randomly labeled RNA's from animal cells either productively infected or transformed by polyoma virus were used to measure virus DNA transcription. During lytic infection, 50 percent of polyoma virus DNA was expressed. In two different polyoma-transformed hamster cell lines, the same 20 percent of the virus genome was transcribed. About 10 percent of polyoma DNA was expressed in the one mouse transformed cell line examined.
Senckenberg Lignite: A Lignitized Wood with Apparently Original Cellulose and Lignin
Authors: Morey Philip R. , Morey Elsie D.
Published: October 2006

A lignitized wood of Miocene derivation has been identified to the genus
Taxodium
. The cell walls of latewood tracheids are Mäule positive. A structurally intact lignin residue is obtained after incubation of the wood in 72 percent sulfuric acid. Cellulose persists as a structural polysaccharide in the lignitized wood.
Luteinizing Hormone: Action on the Graafian Follicle in vitro
Authors: Keyes P. Landis
Published: October 2006

Graafian follicles, dissected intact from the rabbit ovary and incubated for 40 minutes with luteinizing hormone, developed into corpora lutea when autotransplanted under the kidney capsule. Follicles incubated with follicle-stimulating hormone or without hormone degenerated and failed to luteinize. Direct exposure of the mammalian follicle to luteinizing hormone initiates luteinization and formation of the corpus luteum.
Intracranial Self-Stimulation and the Rapid Decline of Frustrative Nonreward
Authors: Johnson Roger N. , Lobdell Peter , Levy Ronald S.
Published: October 2006

Animals deprived of reward for a task previously rewarded behave differently, depending on whether the reward is food or positive brain stimulation. Unlike the relatively stable frustration effects obtained with conventional reward, frustration produced by withholding brain stimulation dissipates rapidly with time.
Colchicine-Inhibited Cilia Regeneration: Explanation for Lack of Effect in Tris Buffer Medium
Authors: Margulis Lynn , Banerjee Sumana , White Thomas
Published: October 2006

In
Stentor coeruleus
growth of new daughter ciliates and experimentally induced regeneration of oral membranellar cilia are reversibly inhibited by low, nontoxic concentrations of colchicine. However, if the culture medium containing colchicine (or Colcemid) is made up in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer, growth of ciliated daughters and regeneration of oral cilia proceed normally. The evidence suggests that the mechanism of this reversal of the effects of colchicine (or Colcemid) is due to a chemical reaction between tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (or its hydrochloride, or both) and colchicine (or Colcemid), which reduces the effective concentration of these mitotic spindle inhibitors reaching the stentors.
Airglow and Star Photographs in the Daytime from a Rocket
Authors: Evans D. C. , Dunkelman L.
Published: October 2006

Photographs of the constellation Cygnus taken in the daytime from altitudes above 100 kilometers indicate that the day sky brightness in the wave-length region from 3600 to 7000 angstroms is only slightly brighter than the night sky viewed from the ground. No diffuse cloud of particles was apparent in the vicinity of the rocket payload, but discrete particles must be considered in the design of instruments for rockets and satellites. The resultant data and reports of star sightings from manned spacecraft indicate similar optical environments for both types of vehicles, that is, discrete particles and relatively low levels of background brightness, only slightly brighter than the night sky as an upper limit.
Electron Microscopic Radioautography: Identification of Origin of Synaptic Terminals in Normal Nervous Tissue
Authors: Hendrickson Anita
Published: October 2006

A method combining intraocular injection of tritiated leucine and electron microscopic radioautography has been used to study the distribution of optic nerve terminals in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. Radioactive label is found in only one type of synaptic terminal, which demonstrates that this terminal is of retinal origin and that this approach can be used to study the origin of synaptic terminals in normal tissue.