bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existence of minimizers for non-quasiconvex functionals arising in optimal design
Authors: Allaire Grégoire , Francfort Gilles
Published: July 2002

This paper investigates the existence of minimizers for the so-called Kohn–Strang functional with affine boundary conditions. Such a functional, which arises in optimal shape design problems in electrostatics, is not quasi-convex, and therefore existence of minimizers is, in general, guaranteed only for its quasi-convex envelope. Such a quasi-convexification has been computed in two space dimensions in [11]. Recently, necessary and sufficient conditions on the affine boundary conditions for existence of minimizers for the Kohn–Strang functional have been derived in two space dimensions in [7]. We generalize these previous results for arbitrary space dimensions. Our method relies on the homogenization approach for relaxing optimal design problems. We also generalize our results to some variants of the Kohn–Strang functional.

Dans cet article nous étudions l’existence de minima pour la fonctionnelle dite de Kohn–Strang avec des conditions aux limites affines. Une telle fonctionnelle, issue de problèmes d’optimisation de formes en électrostatique, n’est pas quasiconvexe, et de ce fait l’existence de minima n’est en général garantie que pour son enveloppe quasiconvexe. Sa quasiconvexification a été calculée en dimension deux d’espace par Kohn et Strang. Récemment, une condition nécessaire et suffisante sur la condition aux limites affine pour l’existence d’un minimum de la fonctionnelle de Kohn et Strang a été trouvée par Dacorogna et Marcellini. Nous généralisons ces résultats en toute dimension d’espace. Notre méthode repose sur la méthode d’homogénéisation pour relaxer des problèmes d’optimisation de formes. Nous donnons aussi quelques généralisations à des variantes de la fonctionnelle de Kohn et Strang.
Global minimizers for the Ginzburg–Landau functional below the first critical magnetic field
Authors: Sandier Etienne , Serfaty Sylvia
Published: July 2002

We prove that the global minimizer of the Ginzburg–Landau functional of superconductors in an external magnetic field is, below the first critical field, the vortex-less solution found in (S. Serfaty, to appear).

On montre que le minimiseur global de la fonctionelle de Ginzburg–Landau en supraconductivité, avec champ magnétique extérieur inférieur au premier champ critique est la solution sans vortex trouvée dans (S. Serfaty, à paraitre).
A remark on multiplicity of solutions for the Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zhou Qing
Published: July 2002

In this paper we study the structure of certain level set of the Ginzburg-Landau functional which has similar topology with the configuration space. As an application, we generalize Almeida–Bethuel's result on multiplicity of solutions for the Ginzburg–Landau equation.

On étudie la structure de certains ensembles de niveau de la fonctionnelle du type Ginzburg–Landau qui ont des topologies similaires à celles de l’espace de configuration. Comme application, on généralise le résultat d’Almeida–Bethuel sur la multiplicité des solutions des équations de G–L.
On a free boundary barotropic model
Authors: Lions P.-L. , Masmoudi N.
Published: July 2002

We prove stability (or compactness) and existence results for a free boundary model of a barotropic compressible fluid. Then, we construct weak solutions as asymptotic limits of the isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes equations as

γ

goes to

∞

.

Nous montrons l'existence de solutions faibles globales pour un modèle de fluide compressible barotrope. Ces solutions sont construites à partir d'une limite asymptotique des solutions de Navier–Stokes isentropique compressible.
Psychotic depression in private practice outpatients
Authors: Benazzi F
Published: July 2002

Prevalence of psychotic depression, and comparison between psychotic and nonpsychotic depression, were studied in 203 consecutive unipolar and bipolar outpatients presenting for treatment of depression in a private practice. Prevalence was 14%. Of the variables investigated (unipolar/bipolar diagnosis, age at baseline/onset, gender, recurrences, atypical features, comorbidity, chronicity, duration of illness, baseline severity) bipolar I diagnosis was significantly more common, and severity of depression was significantly greater in psychotic vs nonpsychotic depression. Discordant findings in the literature may be related to the different samples studied.
Disorders of left ventricular structure and function in chronic uremia: how often, why and what to do with it?
Authors: Dyadyk O.I. , Bagriy A.E. , Yarovaya N.F.
Published: July 2002

Left ventricular (LV) structure and function abnormalities are frequent in individuals with chronic uraemia; these disorders are at increased risk of cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality in the pre‐dialyzed population, during dialysis treatment and in renal transplant recipients. This review will attempt to summarize current knowledge of the prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms of LV disease in chronic uraemia and to discuss useful medical strategies in this population.
The Midwife As First Assistant for Cesarean Section*
Authors: Moes Carolyn B. , Thacher Frances
Published: July 2002

Across the United States, midwives have expanded their role to include serving as first assistants at cesarean sections. An American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) Position Statement adopted in 1998 recognizes the practice as a “frequently‐performed advanced midwifery practice skill.” Workshops have been offered nationally in 1997, 1998, 2000, and 2001 as well as locally in some states to educate and guide the midwife in completing the didactic and clinical preparation. Yet, there is a dearth of published literature on the subject. This article reviews the evolution of the role from its origins in perioperative nursing, including the requirements for the Registered Nurse First Assistant as established by the Association of peri‐Operative Registered Nurses that are referenced in the regulations of several states in regard to the practice of midwives as surgical assistants. The authors report the results of a survey of state regulatory agencies that reveals a wide variation in laws, regulations, and interpretations ranging from statutory acceptance to prohibition with suggestions on how to effect needed change. This article also includes a process for credentialing that is consistent with the ACNM “Guidelines for the Incorporation of New Procedures into Midwifery Practice.” The importance of documentation of the educational and credentialing process from a medico‐legal perspective is stressed.
Vaginal Delivery After Cesarean Section: Is The Risk Acceptable?
Authors: Waldman Richard , Mielcarski Elaine
Published: July 2002

Recent studies and commentary have questioned the safety of vaginal births after cesarean sections (VBACs). The history of VBACs is reviewed and a framework to continue the safe practice of trials of labor in women with a prior uterine scar is presented.
Perspectives of Persons With Arthritis on the Use of Wearable Technology to Self Monitor Physical Activity: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Leese Jenny , Geldman Jasmina , Zhu Siyi , Macdonald Graham G. , Pourrahmat Mir‐Masoud , Townsend Anne F. , Backman Catherine L. , Nimmon Laura , Li Linda C.
Published: March 2021

Objective

We aimed to broaden understanding of the perspectives of persons with arthritis on their use of wearables to self‐monitor physical activity, through a synthesis of evidence from qualitative studies.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of 5 databases (including Medline, CINAHL, and Embase) from inception to 2018. Eligible studies qualitatively examined the use of wearables from the perspectives of persons with arthritis. All relevant data were extracted and coded inductively in a thematic synthesis.

Results

Of 4,358 records retrieved, 7 articles were included. Participants used a wearable during research participation in 3 studies and as part of usual self‐management in 2 studies. In remaining studies, participants were shown a prototype they did not use. Themes identified were: 1) the potential to change dynamics in patient–health professional communication: articles reported a common opinion that sharing wearable data could possibly enable patients to improve communication with health professionals; 2) wearable‐enabled self‐awareness, whether a benefit or downside: there was agreement that wearables could increase self‐awareness of physical activity levels, but perspectives were mixed on whether this increased self‐awareness motivated more physical activity; 3) designing a wearable for everyday life: participants generally felt that the technology was not obtrusive in their everyday lives, but certain prototypes may possibly embarrass or stigmatize persons with arthritis.

Conclusion

Themes hint toward an ethical dimension, as participants perceive that their use of wearables may positively or negatively influence their capacity to shape their everyday self‐management. We suggest ethical questions pertinent to the use of wearables in arthritis self‐management for further exploration.
Setting the Stage: Dressing It and Making the Props
Authors: Spiller Neil
Published: March 2021

Editor of AD Neil Spiller interviews the four founders of AHMM: Simon Allford, Jonathan Hall, Paul Monaghan and Peter Morris. The discussion embraces topics that include the history of the firm, architectural education and above all their thoughts on architectural praxis and the pragmatic philosophies behind the practice and its success.
Dual Evolution in Defect and Morphology of Single‐Atom Dispersed Carbon Based Oxygen Electrocatalyst
Authors: Ban Jinjin , Wen Xiaohan , Xu Hongjie , Wang Zhuo , Liu Xinhong , Cao Guoqin , Shao Guosheng , Hu Junhua
Published: March 2021

The structure design and atomic modulation of catalysts are two sides of the same coin, both of which are deemed critical factors to regulate the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. Herein, cobalt single‐atom anchored on nitrogen‐doped graphene‐sheet@tube (CoSAs‐NGST) is derived from a novel Co, Zn‐coordinated zeolitic imidazolate framework (CoZn‐ZIF) in the presence of dicyandiamide. CoSAs‐NGST exhibited a hybrid structure with a bamboo‐like graphene tube and sheet. The atomic configuration of intrinsic defects is characterized by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The morphology differentiation from cake‐shape structure to low‐dimension hybrid not only enhances the dispersity of single atoms but also induces defect state evolution, which results in the formation of a CoN4‐rich graphene tube. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling revealed that the coupling effect on oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) pathways of Co‐N4‐tube and Co‐N4‐sheet is responsible for the enhanced activity of CoSAs‐NGST. In addition to the superb ORR/OER bifunctional catalytic performance, CoSAs‐NGST also demonstrates a notably small charge–discharge voltage drop of 0.93 V when applied in the rechargeable zinc–air battery outperforming Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst. The present study provides an insight into the relationship between the structure design and atomic modulation of the carbon based catalysts.
Optimum Particle Size in Silicon Electrodes Dictated by Chemomechanical Deformation of the SEI
Authors: Jin Mok Yun , Guo Kai , Xiao Xingcheng , Verbrugge Mark W. , Gao Huajian , Sheldon Brian W.
Published: March 2021

Nanostructured alloy‐forming anode materials can resist fracture that is caused by extreme volume changes during cycling. However, the higher surface area per unit mass in nanomaterials increases exposure to the electrolyte reduction reactions that form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which implies that capacity loss will increase as particle size decreases. This hypothesis is investigated with composite electrodes using different silicon nanoparticle sizes, and the expected particle size effect is not observed. Instead, there is an optimum particle size where capacity loss per volume is minimized. Finite element modeling demonstrates that the mechanical deformation of the SEI varies significantly with the silicon particle size. Smaller particles lead to the decrease of the tensile hoop strains in the outer portion of the SEI and simultaneously make the overall elastic strains in the inner portion more compressive. These results suggest that the SEI on smaller particles is more resistant to mechanical degradation, even though the higher specific surface areas increase initial SEI formation. The trade‐off between these effects leads to the observed optimum particle size.
Plasmonic Charge Transfers in Large‐Scale Metallic and Colloidal Photonic Crystal Slabs
Authors: Sarkar Swagato , Gupta Vaibhav , Tsuda Takuya , Gour Jeetendra , Singh Arvind , Aftenieva Olha , Steiner Anja M. , Hoffmann Marisa , Kumar Sunil , Fery Andreas , Joseph Joby , König Tobias A.F.
Published: March 2021

The challenges in plasmonic charge transfer on a large‐scale and low losses are systematically investigated by optical designs using 1D‐plasmonic lattice structures. These plasmonic lattices are used as couplers to guide the energy in an underneath sub‐wavelength titanium dioxide layer, resulting in the photonic crystal slabs. So far, photodetection is possible at energy levels close to the semiconductor bandgap; however, with the observed hybrid plasmonic–photonic modes, other wavelengths over the broad solar spectrum can be easily accessed for energy harvesting. The photo‐enhanced current is measured locally with simple two‐point contact on the centimeter‐squared nanostructure by applying a bias voltage. As lattice couplers, interference lithographically fabricated conventional gold grating provides an advantage in fabrication; this optical concept is extended for the first time toward colloidal self‐assembled nanoparticle chains to make the charge injection accessible for large‐scale at reasonable costs with possibilities of photodetection by electric field vectors both along and perpendicular to the grating lines. To discuss the bottleneck of unavoidable isolating ligand shell of nanoparticles in contrast to the directly contacted nanobars, polarization‐dependent ultrafast characterizations are carried out to study the charge injection processes in femtosecond resolution.
The Blanket Effect: How Turning the World Upside Down Reveals the Nature of Graphene Oxide Cytocompatibility
Authors: Holt Brian D. , Arnold Anne M. , Sydlik Stefanie A.
Published: March 2021

Extensive cytocompatibility testing of 2D nanocarbon materials including graphene oxide (GO) has been performed, but results remain contradictory. Literature has yet to account for settling—although sedimentation is visible to the eye and physics suggests that even individual graphenic flakes will settle. To investigate settling, a series of functional graphenic materials (FGMs) with differing oxidation levels, functionalities, and physical dimensions are synthesized. Though zeta potential indicates colloidal stability, significant gravitational settling of the FGMs is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. By creating a setup to culture cells in traditional and inverted orientations in the same well, a “blanket effect” is demonstrated in which FGMs settle out of solution and cover cells at the bottom of the well, ultimately reducing viability. Inverted cells protected from the blanket effect are unaffected. Therefore, these results demonstrate that settling is a crucial factor that must be considered for FGM cytocompatibility experiments.
Responsive Degradable Theranostic Agents Enable Controlled Selenium Delivery to Enhance Photothermal Radiotherapy and Reduce Side Effects
Authors: Zheng Nannan , Wang Qi , Li Chunlin , Wang Xiang , Liu Xijian , Wang Xingyan , Deng Guoying , Wang Jinxia , Zhao Linjing , Lu Jie
Published: March 2021

Radiotherapy (RT) is a popular clinical therapy method for extending cancer patient survival, but is hampered by severe side effects and the weak therapy effect. Herein, responsive degradable selenium (Se) theranostic agents (Se@SiO2@Bi nanocomposites (NCs)) are fabricated, which combine computed tomography (CT) imaging and simultaneously enhance the therapeutic effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and RT, while reducing the side effects of radiation. The Se@SiO2@Bi theranostic agents can accumulate at the tumor site, and responsively decompose to releease Se, avoiding systemic toxicity by the element. Se enhances the effect of PTT/RT, simultaneously reducing the side effects of RT. The Se@SiO2@Bi NCs as CT agents also exhibit significantly enhanced contrast imaging performance due to the high atomic number of Bi. More importantly, the Se@SiO2@Bi NCs can be rapidly excreted without long‐term toxicity, owing to responsive degradation into ultrasmall particles (<5 nm) at the tumor site. In vitro and in vivo results show that the Se@SiO2@Bi NCs can remarkably inhibit tumor cells, without causing appreciable toxicity during the treatment. This study opens a new perspective in rationally designing responsive degradable theranostic agents for future tumor therapy with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and lesser side effects.
Lab under the Skin: Microneedle Based Wearable Devices
Authors: Teymourian Hazhir , Tehrani Farshad , Mahato Kuldeep , Wang Joseph
Published: March 2021

While the current smartwatches and cellphones can readily track mobility and vital signs, a new generation of wearable devices is rapidly developing to enable users to monitor their health parameters at the molecular level. Within this emerging class of wearables, microneedle‐based transdermal sensors are in a prime position to play a key role in synergizing the significant advantages of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) as a rich source of clinical indicators and painless skin pricking to allow the collection of real‐time diagnostic information. While initial efforts of microneedle sensing focused on ISF extraction coupled with either on‐chip analysis or off‐chip instrumentation, the latest trend has been oriented toward assembling electrochemical biosensors on the tip of microneedles to allow direct continuous chemical measurements. In this context, significant advances have recently been made in exploiting microneedle‐based devices for real‐time monitoring of various metabolites, electrolytes, and therapeutics and toward the simultaneous multiplexed detection of key chemical markers; yet, there are several grand challenges that still exist. In this review, we outline current progress, recent trends, and new capabilities of microneedle‐empowered sensors, along with the current unmet challenges and a future roadmap toward transforming the latest innovations in the field to commercial products.
2D Homojunctions for Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Wang Fakun , Pei Ke , Li Yuan , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: March 2021

In the post‐Moore era, 2D materials with rich physical properties have attracted widespread attention from the scientific and industrial communities. Among 2D materials, the 2D homojunctions are of great promise in designing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their unique geometries and properties such as homogeneous components, perfect lattice matching, and efficient charge transfer at the interface. In this article, a pioneering review focusing on the structural design and device application of 2D homojunctions such as p–n homojunctions, heterophase homojunctions, and layer‐engineered homojunctions is provided. The preparation strategies to construct 2D homojunctions including vapor‐phase deposition, lithium intercalation, laser irradiation, chemical doping, electrostatic doping, and photodoping are summarized in detail. Specifically, a careful review on the applications of the 2D homojunctions in electronics (e.g., field‐effect transistors, rectifiers, and inverters) and optoelectronics (e.g., light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, and photodetectors) is provided. Eventually, the current challenges and future perspectives are commented for promoting the rapid development of 2D homojunctions.
Room Temperature Light‐Mediated Long‐Range Coupling of Excitons in Perovskites
Authors: Krisnanda Tanjung , Zhang Qiannan , Dini Kevin , Giovanni David , Liew Timothy C. H. , Sum Tze Chien
Published: March 2021

Perovskites have been the focus of attention due to their multitude of outstanding optoelectronic properties and structural versatility. 2D halide perovskites such as (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4, or simply PEPI, form natural multiple quantum wells with enhanced light–matter interactions, making them attractive systems for further investigation. This work reports tunable splitting of exciton modes in PEPI resulting from strong light–matter interactions, manifested as multiple dips (modes) in the reflection spectra. While the origin of the redder mode is well understood, that for the bluer dip at room temperature is still lacking. Here, it is revealed that the presence of the multiple modes originates from an indirect coupling between excitons in different quantum wells. The long‐range characteristic of the mediated coupling between excitons in distant quantum wells is also demonstrated in a structure design along with its tunability. Moreover, a device architecture involving an end silver layer enhances the two excitonic modes and provides further tunability. Importantly, this work will motivate the possibility of coupling of the excitonic modes with a confined light mode in a microcavity to produce multiple exciton‐polariton modes.
Operando Study of Thermal Oxidation of Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Park Sangwook , Garcia‐Esparza Angel T. , Abroshan Hadi , Abraham Baxter , Vinson John , Gallo Alessandro , Nordlund Dennis , Park Joonsuk , Kim Taeho Roy , Vallez Lauren , Alonso‐Mori Roberto , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: March 2021

Monolayer MoS2 is a promising semiconductor to overcome the physical dimension limits of microelectronic devices. Understanding the thermochemical stability of MoS2 is essential since these devices generate heat and are susceptible to oxidative environments. Herein, the promoting effect of molybdenum oxides (MoOx) particles on the thermal oxidation of MoS2 monolayers is shown by employing operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, ex situ scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The study demonstrates that chemical vapor deposition‐grown MoS2 monolayers contain intrinsic MoOx and are quickly oxidized at 100 °C (3 vol% O2/He), in contrast to previously reported oxidation thresholds (e.g., 250 °C, t ≤ 1 h in the air). Otherwise, removing MoOx increases the thermal oxidation onset temperature of monolayer MoS2 to 300 °C. These results indicate that MoOx promote oxidation. An oxide‐free lattice is critical to the long‐term stability of monolayer MoS2 in state‐of‐the‐art 2D electronic, optical, and catalytic applications.
Consumer valuation of blockchain traceability for beef in the United States
Authors: Shew Aaron M. , Snell Heather A. , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Lacity Mary C.
Published: March 2021

Blockchain (BC) technology, defined as a shared information system to validate, secure, and permanently store transactions among multiple parties on a distributed ledger, presents many applications in agricultural and food industries. This study examines the application of BC in food traceability for beef in the United States using a choice experiment. Findings indicate that consumers value USDA certifications over BC traceability to guide their meat preferences. Our study suggests a number of industry implications, the most important of which suggests focusing business and consumer education on the value of product data, rather than on the value of the technologies that manage data.
Comparing different sample collection and storage methods for field‐based skin microbiome research
Authors: Manus Melissa B. , Kuthyar Sahana , Perroni‐Marañón Ana Gabriela , de la Mora Alejandra Núñez‐ , Amato Katherine R.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

The skin, as well as its microbial communities, serves as the primary interface between the human body and the surrounding environment. In order to implement the skin microbiome into human biology research, there is a need to explore the effects of different sample collection and storage methodologies, including the feasibility of conducting skin microbiome studies in field settings.

Methods

We collected 99 skin microbiome samples from nine infants living in Veracruz, Mexico using a dual‐tipped “dry” swab on the right armpit, palm, and forehead and a “wet” swab (0.15 M NaCl and 0.1% Tween 20) on the same body parts on the left side of the body. One swab from each collection method was stored in 95% ethanol while the other was frozen at −20°C. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing generated data on bacterial diversity and community composition, which were analyzed using PERMANOVA, linear mixed effects models, and an algorithm‐based classifier.

Results

Treatment (wet_ethanol, wet_freezer, dry_ethanol, and dry_freezer) had an effect (~10% explanatory power) on the bacterial community diversity and composition of skin samples, although body site exhibited a stronger effect (~20% explanatory power). Within treatments, the collection method (wet vs. dry) affected measures of bacterial diversity to a greater degree than did the storage method (ethanol vs. freezer).

Conclusions

Our study provides novel information on skin microbiome sample collection and storage methods, suggesting that ethanol storage is suitable for research in resource‐limited settings. Our results highlight the need for future study design to account for interbody site microbial variation.
The Role of Perioperative Hypothermia in the Development of Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Öner Cengiz Hatice , Uçar Serpil , Yilmaz Meryem
Published: March 2021

Surgical patients may experience inadvertent perioperative hypothermia, a condition that can cause a variety of complications, including surgical site infection (SSI). The authors of this systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols guidelines to examine the role of perioperative hypothermia in the development of SSI. The authors searched the PubMed, Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases for eligible articles published between January 2008 and November 2018 and identified seven studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results of this review indicate that the relationship between hypothermia and SSI is closely related to the type of the surgical intervention performed (eg, emergent, colorectal), and that severe hypothermia (eg, <35.0° C [95.0° F]) can increase the risk of developing an SSI. Perioperative nurses should monitor patients for inadvertent hypothermia and prevent its occurrence when possible.
Clinical Issues—March 2021
Authors: Anderson Mary Alice , Ogg Mary J.
Published: March 2021

THIS MONTH

Surgical patients with glycemic controller devices and insulin pumps

Key words: glycemic controller, insulin, insulin pump, glucose monitoring, blood glucose level.

Using leftover IV fluids to clean the surgical incision site after closure

Key words: IV fluid, sterile field, infection, contamination.

A certified surgical first assistant’s scope of practice after obtaining RN licensure

Key words: scope of practice, certified surgical first assistant, RN first assistant (RNFA), license.

Using instruments outside the scope of the manufacturer’s instructions for use

Key words: instructions for use (IFU), instrument, manufacturer, risk.

Transferring patients from a prone position on the OR bed to a supine position on the stretcher

Key words: patient transfer, positioning device, repositioning, alignment, prone.
Functional connectivity density alterations in middle‐age retinal detachment patients
Authors: Shao Yi , Yang Lin , Zhu Pei‐Wen , Su Ting , Zhou Xue‐Zhi , Li Biao , Shi Wen‐Qing , Lin Qi , Min You‐Lan , Yuan Qing , Ye Lei , Zhou Qiong
Published: March 2021

Objective

Middle‐age patients with retinal detachment (RD) exhibit a loss of visual information, and previous studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have demonstrated abnormal spontaneous activity in the RD brain. Therefore, this study assessed changes in local functional connectivity density (lFCD) and long‐range functional connectivity density (longFCD) in middle‐age RD patients during resting‐state FC.

Methods

In total, 32 middle‐age patients with RD (18 men and 14 women), and 32 age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched normal controls (NCs) (18 men and 14 women) were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance examination in the resting state. Two‐sample t test was performed to compare lFCD and longFCD between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to distinguish middle‐age RD patients from NCs.

Results

Compared with NCs, middle‐age RD patients demonstrated increased lFCD values in the right inferior temporal gyrus, and increased longFCD values in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, left superior and middle frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyri, and left cerebellum posterior lobe. Middle‐age RD patient exhibited decreased lFCD values in the left cuneus, right lingual gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. They also had lower longFCD values in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus. ROC curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the specific areas under the curve.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that middle‐age RD patients exhibited variations of binarized lFCD and longFCD in specific brain areas, which provides insight into the pathological mechanism of RD patients with acute visual loss.
Clinical outcomes of percutaneous debulking of tricuspid valve endocarditis in intravenous drug users
Authors: Akhtar Yasir N. , Walker William A. , Shakur Umar , Smith Gary , Husnain Syed S. , Adigun Shade F.
Published: March 2021

Objectives

A retrospective case series of a percutaneous approach to debulk tricuspid valve endocarditis (TVE) using an 8 French mechanical aspiration system in patients with a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) was reported. IVDU associated TVE is increasing in the United States and is associated with high mortality despite early surgical debridement. Patients with advanced disease, shock, and respiratory failure may not be candidates for surgical debridement or replacement. These patients have recurrent events despite medical therapy

Methods

About 25 patients with IVDU associated TVE with persistent bacteremia confirmed by repeat blood cultures after 72 hr of sensitivity directed antibiotics and presence of pulmonary emboli confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scan, who had undergone percutaneous aspiration were included. Patients were all deemed high risk for surgical debridement by a CT surgeon and evaluated by an infectious disease consultant. Procedures were performed under moderate sedation with intracardiac echo and a steerable guide with a CAT8 Penumbra aspiration catheter.

Results

There were no intraprocedural deaths or complications. About 36% had septic shock on presentation. Survival of index hospitalization was 88%. Repeat blood cultures showed no growth on all surviving patients. Readmission rate was 4% (n = 1) at 1 month. About 40% (n = 2) patients with septic shock survived at 1 month compared with 100% survival (n = 20) in those without shock. Presence of septic shock was associated with reduced survival at 1 month (p < .01).

Conclusion

Percutaneous mechanical aspiration with an 8 Fr system is a feasible, minimally invasive alternative to surgical debulking. Mortality remains high in those presenting with septic shock. Further studies are needed to evaluate long‐term outcomes.
TheKLestimator for the inverse Gaussian regression model
Authors: Lukman Adewale F. , Algamal Zakariya Y. , Kibria B. M. Golam , Ayinde Kayode
Published: March 2021

Multicollinearity poses an undesirable effect on the efficiency of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian regression models. The ridge and the Liu estimators have been developed as an alternative to the MLE. Both estimators possess smaller mean squared error (MSE) over the MLE. Recently, Kibria and Lukman developed KL estimator, which was found to outperform the ridge and the Liu estimators in the linear regression model. With this expectation, we developed the KL estimator for the inverse Gaussian regression model. We compare the proposed estimator's performance with some existing estimators in terms of theoretical comparison, the simulation study, and real‐life application. Smaller MSE criterion shows that the proposed estimator with one of its shrinkage parameter performs the best.
A low‐error, memory‐based fast binary antilogarithmic converter
Authors: Guna Sekhar Sai Harsha L. , Jammu Bhaskara Rao , Samoju Visweswara Rao , Veeramachaneni Sreehari , Mohammad S Noor
Published: March 2021

The ever‐increasing need for high‐performance signal processing blocks in avionics, machine learning (ML), IoT, neural networks, etc., has made the logarithmic arithmetic's as the front runner in advanced processors. The complex arithmetic operations such as multiplication and division can be easily performed in the logarithmic domain as they become addition and subtraction operations, respectively. However, the challenge is to perform the logarithmic and anti‐logarithmic conversions and to optimize the trade‐off between hardware complexity and accuracy. In this work, we propose a 32‐bit antilogarithmic converter, for/using Mitchell's algorithm. The obtained results are corrected using the weighted average method. The correction terms are stored and selected using 32 × 8 ROM to decreases the computational speed and hardware complexity of the antilogarithmic converter. The proposed antilogarithmic converter has a maximum error percentage of 1.199%, which is 6.147% for Mitchell's algorithm while maintaining the hardware metrics close to Mitchell's algorithm.
A wideband 0.9–2.4 GHz 25 W high‐efficiency Gallium Nitride radio frequency power amplifier
Authors: Rashid Tanghid B. , Song Heather
Published: March 2021

In this work, a 0.9–2.4 GHz, 25 W output power, radio frequency (RF) power amplifier based on Class‐E switchmode topology has been analyzed. A load‐pull simulation method is used to optimize the power performance in the operating band. To design input and output matching networks an optimized low pass filter network was used. Simulated results of the power amplifier (PA) demonstrate wideband behavior which covers a 0.9–2.4 GHz band with an efficiency of 25%–78%, an output power of 25 W (44 dBm), and an average gain of 17 dB. The designed PA provides attractive features associated with a wider band, high gain, and efficiency, which makes it a proper candidate for the mobile transmitter and cellular infrastructure applications.
“It is not a scientific number it is just a feeling”: Populating a multi‐dimensional end‐of‐life decision framework using deliberative methods
Authors: Coast Joanna , Bailey Cara , Canaway Alastair , Kinghorn Philip
Published: March 2021

The capability approach is potentially valuable for economic evaluation at the end of life because of its conceptualization of wellbeing as freedom and the potential for capturing outcomes for those at end of life and those close to persons at the end of life. For decision making, however, this information needs to be integrated into current evaluation paradigms. This research explored weights for an integrated economic evaluation framework using a deliberative approach. Twelve focus groups were held (38 members of the public, 29 “policy makers,” seven hospice volunteers); budget pie tasks were completed to generate weights. Constant comparison was used to analyze qualitative data, exploring principles behind individuals' weightings. Average weights elicited from members of the general population and policy makers for the importance that should be given to close persons (vs. patients) were very similar, at around 30%. A “sliding scale” of weights between health gain and the capability for a good death resulted from the policy maker and volunteer groups, with increasing weight given to the capability for a good death as the trajectory got closer to death. These weights can be used in developing a more comprehensive framework for economic evaluation at end of life.
Hall current impacts on unsteady MHD free convective flow past an infinite vertical porous surface
Authors: Nandalur Ameer Ahammad
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid over a vertical plate embedded in a porous medium is considered. A homogeneous transverse magnetic field is applied in the presence of a heat source and chemical reaction in a rotating frame, taking Hall current effects into account. The momentum equations for the fluid flow in a porous medium were determined by Brinkman modeling. At the undisturbed state, both the plate and fluid have an rigid body rotation due to the constant angular velocity, perpendicular to the infinite vertical plane surface. The vertical surface is subject to the homogeneous constant suction and the heat on the surface vary by time about a nonzero constant rate whereas the temperature of free stream is engaged to be constant. The accurate solutions for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions were acquired systematically using the perturbation method. The consequences of an assortment of governing flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration were analyzed through graphical profiles. The computational results for the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number in a tabular format were also examined.
A modified suprasternal approach in transthoracic echocardiography for isolated left upper partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection: Hard to diagnose, easy to miss
Authors: Zor Ayşegül Karahan , Beşikçi Resmiye , Aydıner Ömer
Published: March 2021

Background

Isolated left upper partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) via the innominate vein to the right atrium is a rare congenital anomaly. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a modified suprasternal view in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for the detection of left upper PAPVC.

Methods

After the incidental diagnosis of left upper PAPVC in our first patient in 2008, we added a modified suprasternal view to all TTEs performed in our pediatric cardiology clinic. This was obtained by tilting the tail of the probe 30‐450 towards the right shoulder of the patient during suprasternal long axis view for a better visualization of the innominate vein.

Results

Among 7200 patients who underwent TTEs between 2008 and 2020, we identified 13 patients with left upper PAPVC into the innominate vein. All were asymptomatic children with normal cardiac chambers and no accompanying congenital disorders. In 10 cases, diagnoses were confirmed by multi‐slice computerized tomography, whereas one patient underwent catheterization for confirmation.

Conclusion

Isolated left upper PAPVC to the innominate vein is a rare congenital disorder that can be present in asymptomatic children with normal cardiac chambers. TTE, with a modified approach in suprasternal long axis view, has a high diagnostic value in the detection of this condition.
MicroRNA analysis from acute to convalescence in Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Arslan Serdal , Bayyurt Burcu , Engin Aynur , Bakir Mehmet
Published: March 2021

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is one of the most important viral infections and is caused by Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). Severity of CCHF can vary from a mild and nonspecific illness to a severe disease with fatal outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an increasing impact on the different pathways of viral infections. Within the transition process from acute phase to convalescence with 18 CCHF patients, we investigated the impacts on miRNA via microarray for the first time. We also compared miRNA gene expression in 16 severe and 15 mild cases. We identified Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathways associated with significant miRNAs utilizing DIANA TOOLS mirPath v.3. In this study, miR‐15b‐5p and miR‐29a‐3p were significantly downregulated in statistical terms; miR‐4741, miR‐937‐5p, miR‐6068, miR‐7110‐5p, miR‐6126, and miR‐7107‐5p were upregulated in acute cases in comparison with convalescent patients (p ≤ .05). In total, 28 miRNAs (8 downregulated, 20 upregulated) were differentially expressed in severe CCHF patients as compared with mild cases (p ≤ .05). Whereas miR‐6732‐3p, miR‐4436b‐5p, miR‐483‐3p, and miR‐6807‐5p had the highest downregulation, miR‐532‐5p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐29c‐3p, and let‐7f‐5p had the highest upregulation in severe patients in comparison with mild cases. Consequently, we determined that CCHF‐induced miRNAs are associated with antiviral and proinflammatory pathways in acute and severe cases. In comparison with convalescence, these miRNAs in acute period may be therapeutic targets.
Capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and bromate ions in some selected plants
Authors: Tembo Zebron Nchimunya , Aygun Seker Fatma
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Teas and traditional herbs are taken as health remedies in most cultures worldwide. Plants often used in the manufacture of teas and herbal remedies can comprise carcinogenic contaminates, such as nitrates, nitrites and bromate ions. In the present study, a quick method was applied for the simultaneous determination of nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−) and bromate (BrO3−) ions in some selected plants and tea samples using capillary electrophoresis and a Box–Behnken response surface design for method optimization.

RESULTS

Optimal conditions of 60 mmol L–1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 3.5, a capillary temperature of 40 °C, applied voltage of −22.5 kV, total capillary length of 61.5 cm (effective length 53.5 cm) with capillary internal diameter of 50 μm, and an injection pressure of 50 mbar for 30 s were selected. The limits of detection for nitrate, bromate and nitrite were 0.49, 1.25 and 0.11 mg L−1, whereas linearity values were determined as 0.998, 0.996 and 0.999, respectively.

CONCLUSION

A quick and easy applicable method was developed and the detection of the anions was achievable within 6 min of analysis. From the studied samples (cherry stalk, a dry mixed herbal tea; cherry stalk, dry sticks; dry pomegranate flower; dry olive leaves; and black tea), dry pomegranate flower (13.10 ± 0.62 mg L−1) and cherry stalk, dry mix herbal tea (13.10 ± 0.62 mg L−1) had the highest nitrate content. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A learning health systems approach to integrating electronic patient‐reported outcomes across the health care organization
Authors: Austin Elizabeth J. , LeRouge Cynthia , Lee Jenney R. , Segal Courtney , Sangameswaran Savitha , Heim Joseph , Lober William B. , Hartzler Andrea L. , Lavallee Danielle C.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Foundational to a learning health system (LHS) is the presence of a data infrastructure that can support continuous learning and improve patient outcomes. To advance their capacity to drive patient‐centered care, health systems are increasingly looking to expand the electronic capture of patient data, such as electronic patient‐reported outcome (ePRO) measures. Yet ePROs bring unique considerations around workflow, measurement, and technology that health systems may not be poised to navigate. We report on our effort to develop generalizable learnings that can support the integration of ePROs into clinical practice within an LHS framework.

Methods

Guided by action research methodology, we engaged in iterative cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting around ePRO use with two primary goals: (1) mobilize an ePRO community of practice to facilitate knowledge sharing, and (2) establish guidelines for ePRO use in the context of LHS practice. Multiple, emergent data collection activities generated generalizable guidelines that document the tangible best practices for ePRO use in clinical care. We organized guidelines around thematic areas that reflect LHS structures and stakeholders.

Results

Three core thematic areas (and 24 guidelines) emerged. The theme of governance reflects the importance of leadership, knowledge management, and facilitating organizational learning around best practice models for ePRO use. The theme of integration considers the intersection of workflow, technology, and human factors for ePROs across areas of care delivery. Lastly, the theme of reporting reflects critical considerations for curating data and information, designing system functions and interactions, and presentation of ePRO data to support the translation of knowledge to action.

Conclusions

The guidelines produced from this work highlight the complex, multidisciplinary nature of implementing change within LHS contexts, and the value of action research approaches to enable rapid, iterative learning that leverages the knowledge and experience of communities of practice.
A Multi‐Functional and Rapid Responsive Photochromic Hydrogel for UV Indicators
Authors: Hu Wei , Ejeromedoghene Onome , Xia Yunfei , Fu Guodong
Published: March 2021

Ultraviolet rays can cause serious damage to the skin and eyes, and in severe cases, it may lead to skin cancer. Therefore, the prediction, real‐time monitoring, and protection of ultraviolet rays is an important aspect of scientific research. Herein, a novel photochromic hydrogel is developed by using acrylic acid (AA) and 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the cross‐linking agent for hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with the addition of microcrystalline 2,2‐diphenyl‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b] pyran‐6‐carbaldehyde (NP) for the real‐time monitoring and protection against ultraviolet rays. The binding mechanism of AA and DMAEMA is predicted using density functional theory (DFT). Also, the designed photochromic hydrogels exhibit excellent properties of pH and temperature sensitivity, rapid responsiveness, self‐healing, pressure resistance, high transparency, and electrical conductivity. The optical performance indicate that the photochromic hydrogel has a fast response to ultraviolet rays with color change occurring in 0.5 s and maximum color development in 5 s. In addition, the hydrogels show excellent compression resistance, and their residual stress decrease by only 0.85% after five cycles of compression. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the multi‐induction of these soft photochromic hydrogels could be applied in wearable devices, information storage equipment, display devices, and light printing.
Boundary‐domain integral equation systems to the mixed BVP for compressible Stokes equations with variable viscosity in 2D
Authors: Ayele Tsegaye G. , Dagnaw Mulugeta A.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the boundary‐domain integral equations (BDIEs) for the mixed boundary value problem for a compressible Stokes system of partial differential equations with variable coefficient in 2D is considered. An appropriate parametrix is used to reduce this problem to the BDIEs. Although the theory of BDIEs in 3D is well developed, the BDIEs in 2D need a special consideration due to their different equivalence properties. As a result, we need to set conditions on the domain or on the spaces to ensure the invertibility of corresponding parametrix‐based integral layer potentials and hence the unique solvability of BDIEs. The properties of corresponding potential operators are investigated. Equivalence of the BDIE systems to the mixed BVP and invertibility of the matrix operators associated with the BDIE systems in appropriate Sobolev spaces are proved.
Nazarov‐Elektrocyclisierung: neue Twists für eine Lehrbuchreaktion
Authors: Reiners Felix , Didier Dorian
Published: March 2021

Seit ihrer Entdeckung ist die Nazarov‐Reaktion modifiziert, erweitert und verbessert worden. Inzwischen ist sie ein anpassungsfähiges Werkzeug, das sich besonders zum Aufbau benachbarter quaternärer Stereozentren und für die Totalsynthese eignet.