bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-equivalent Top–Down Modulation during Cross-modal Selective Attention
Authors: Guerreiro Maria J. S. , Anguera Joaquin A. , Mishra Jyoti , Van Gerven Pascal W. M. , Gazzaley Adam
Published: July 2014

Selective attention involves top–down modulation of sensory cortical areas, such that responses to relevant information are enhanced whereas responses to irrelevant information are suppressed. Suppression of irrelevant information, unlike enhancement of relevant information, has been shown to be deficient in aging. Although these attentional mechanisms have been well characterized within the visual modality, little is known about these mechanisms when attention is selectively allocated across sensory modalities. The present EEG study addressed this issue by testing younger and older participants in three different tasks: Participants attended to the visual modality and ignored the auditory modality, attended to the auditory modality and ignored the visual modality, or passively perceived information presented through either modality. We found overall modulation of visual and auditory processing during cross-modal selective attention in both age groups. Top–down modulation of visual processing was observed as a trend toward enhancement of visual information in the setting of auditory distraction, but no significant suppression of visual distraction when auditory information was relevant. Top–down modulation of auditory processing, on the other hand, was observed as suppression of auditory distraction when visual stimuli were relevant, but no significant enhancement of auditory information in the setting of visual distraction. In addition, greater visual enhancement was associated with better recognition of relevant visual information, and greater auditory distractor suppression was associated with a better ability to ignore auditory distraction. There were no age differences in these effects, suggesting that when relevant and irrelevant information are presented through different sensory modalities, selective attention remains intact in older age.
Language Contact in Judea? Hebrew, Aramaic, and Punic
Authors: Mor Uri
Published: July 2014

This paper examines a set of linguistic parallels between Judean Hebrew and Aramaic, on the one hand, and Punic and Late Punic, on the other, in order to examine J. T. Milik’s 1957 claim for a Hebrew-Phoenician koine in southern Palestine. The analysis of the evidence indeed indicates language contact (rather than parallel development), but does not support Milik’s notion of a southern koine.
La Costituzione egiziana del 1923: il rapporto tra Stato e Islam nella costruzione di un’identità nazionale
Authors: Romano Marina
Published: July 2014

The present paper aims at examining the role devoted to Islam in the 1923
Egyptian Constitution and argues that its original draft had far more
ideological implications than the version that was ultimately
octroyée by King Fuʾād I on 19 April
1923. The latter represented a retreat from the quite bold stances taken in the
first draft, which was caused on one side by the complex relationship with Great
Britain, and on the other by the pressures exerted by the king in shaping the
constitutional text. A comparison between these two documents and the use of the
available data on the discussions occurred during the constitutional debates
(such as the contents of the memoirs and autobiographies of the most prominent
nationalist leaders of the time) will show the several steps that led to the
promulgation of this text and how it was progressively drained of ideological
value and sharpness in favour of a major vagueness and neutrality that could
meet the expectations of each involved party.
Tre documenti sull’uso della ǧizyah nella Aleppo ottomana del XVII secolo
Authors: Salati Marco
Published: July 2014

The article analyzes three 17th century documents from the Aleppo Ottoman archives on the use of ǧizyah, the classic Islamic tax to be levied on Christians and Jews.
Enhancing Climate Resilience at NASA Centers: A Collaboration between Science and Stewardship
Authors: Rosenzweig Cynthia , Horton Radley M. , Bader Daniel A. , Brown Molly E. , DeYoung Russell , Dominguez Olga , Fellows Merrilee , Friedl Lawrence , Graham William , Hall Carlton , Higuchi Sam , Iraci Laura , Jedlovec Gary , Kaye Jack , Loewenstein Max , Mace Thomas , Milesi Cristina , Patzert William , Stackhouse Paul W. , Toufectis Kim
Published: July 2014

A partnership between Earth scientists and institutional stewards is helping the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) prepare for a changing climate and growing climate-related vulnerabilities. An important part of this partnership is an agency-wide Climate Adaptation Science Investigator (CASI) Workgroup. CASI has thus far initiated 1) local workshops to introduce and improve planning for climate risks, 2) analysis of climate data and projections for each NASA Center, 3) climate impact and adaptation toolsets, and 4) Center-specific research and engagement.

Partnering scientists with managers aligns climate expertise with operations, leveraging research capabilities to improve decision-making and to tailor risk assessment at the local level. NASA has begun to institutionalize this ongoing process for climate risk management across the entire agency, and specific adaptation strategies are already being implemented.

A case study from Kennedy Space Center illustrates the CASI and workshop process, highlighting the need to protect launch infrastructure of strategic importance to the United States, as well as critical natural habitat. Unique research capabilities and a culture of risk management at NASA may offer a pathway for other organizations facing climate risks, promoting their resilience as part of community, regional, and national strategies.
Explaining Differences in Crash and Injury Crash Outcomes in Red Light Camera Studies
Authors: Langland-Orban Barbara , Pracht Etienne E. , Large John T. , Zhang Nanhua , Tepas Joseph T.
Published: July 2014

Evaluations of red light camera (RLC) traffic safety programs have produced mixed results. Some conclude RLCs were associated with significant increases in motor vehicle crashes and injury crashes, whereas other research reports safety benefits. To understand the difference in findings, the present analysis assessed whether standards required for internal validity in quasi-experimental public health program evaluations were adhered to in frequently cited RLC analyses. Four evaluation standards were identified and used to assess the RLC analyses: lack of bias in the selection of both (a) treated sites and (b) comparison sites, (c) integration of relevant control variables in the analysis, and (d) full disclosure of results of the statistical analysis. Six leading RLC studies were then critiqued. Only two of the six studies adhered to the four standards and both concluded RLCs were associated with significant increases in crashes and injury or possible injury crashes. A third study reported an increase in fatal/injury crashes but did not test for statistical significance. Three studies reported equivocal findings; however, each failed to adhere to most standards. Differences in findings were attributed to the evaluation methods used. If implementing an RLC program, communities should use sound public health evaluation methods to assess effectiveness.
Count Me In
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. , Kim Hyun-Jun
Published: July 2014

Health disparities exist among sexual minority older adults. Yet, health and aging surveys rarely include sexual orientation measures and when they do, they often exclude older adults from being asked about sexual orientation. This is the first population-based study to assess item nonresponse to sexual orientation measures by age and change over time. We compare response rates and examine time trends in response patterns using adjusted logistic regressions. Among adults aged 65 and older, the nonresponse rate on sexual orientation is lower than income. While older adults show higher nonresponse rates on sexual orientation than younger adults, the nonresponse rates have significantly decreased over time. By 2010, only 1.23% of older adults responded don’t know/not sure, with 1.55% refusing to answer sexual orientation questions. Decisions to not ask sexual orientation among older adults must be reconsidered, given documented health disparities and rapidly changing social trends in the understanding of diverse sexualities.
Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Neuropathy in Children
Authors: Wallace Kendall B.
Published: July 2014

Mitochondrial disease arises from genetic or nongenetic events that interfere either directly or indirectly with the bioenergetic function of the mitochondrion and manifest clinically in some form of metabolic disorder. In primary mitochondrial disease, the critical molecular target is one or more of the individual subunits of the respiratory complexes or their assembly and incorporation into the inner mitochondrial membrane, whereas with secondary mitochondrial disease the bioenergetic deficits are secondary to effects on targets other than the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Primary genetic events include mutations to or altered expression of proteins targeted to the mitochondrial compartment, whether they are encoded by the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. In this review, we emphasize the occurrence of nongenetic mitochondrial disease resulting from therapeutic drug administration, review the broad scope of drugs implicated in affecting specific primary mitochondrial targets, and describe evidence demonstrating critical windows of risk for the developing neonate to drug-induced mitochondrial disease and neuropathy.
Neuropsychological and Behavioral Disturbance Correlates of Unawareness of Memory Impairment in Dementia
Authors: Mograbi Daniel C. , Ferri Cleusa P. , Stewart Robert , Sosa Ana L. , Brown Richard G. , Laks Jerson , Morris Robin G.
Published: July 2014

Introduction:

This study investigated in a community sample associations of 2 different measures of unawareness of memory impairment in dementia with cognitive variables and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.

Method:

Design—cross-sectional, population-based survey. Settings—community samples (n = 15 022) from 3 world regions (Latin America, China, and India). Participants—829 people with dementia identified from standardized interviews and diagnostic algorithms. Measurements—unawareness of memory deficits was measured in 2 ways: comparison of participant subjective report with either objective performance on memory tests or informant report (IR). Associations were investigated using prevalence ratios and Poisson regressions. Differences in frequency of unawareness were explored with McNemar tests for each region and agreement between variables calculated with Cohen κ.

Results:

The unawareness variable based on comparison with performance was associated with cognitive variables, such as fluency (in China) and visuospatial impairments (Latin America and India), and behavioral symptoms, such as mania (Latin America) and hallucinations (China). The unawareness variable based on IR was associated only with behavioral symptoms, such as anxiety (in China and India) and hallucinations and mania (Latin America). Frequency of unawareness was significantly higher in the unawareness variable based on performance in India. Agreement between the 2 unawareness variables was moderate in Latin America and China but only slight in India.

Conclusion:

Different ways of measuring unawareness are differentially associated with influencing factors. Informant-based unawareness measures may be more subjective and less sensitive than variables taking into account actual performance on cognitive tests.
Research of a new sensor method for predicting arbitrary waves through structural configuration analysis
Authors: Zhang Biaobiao , Yu Shudong
Published: July 2014

In this article, based on our understanding of sinusoidal acoustic wave loads identification on the beam foundation acoustic sensor, we extend a new approach to identify arbitrary waves of different amplitudes and waveforms. Since in our new cases study, due to the complexity of moving arbitrary wave loads, the conventional Tikhonov combined with the L -curve method is not an effective way to find the suitable regularization parameter used for wave inverse solutions, we use the Arnoldi–Tikhonov regularization method coupled with the generalized cross validation for seeking regularization parameters; this method proved to be better to find the regularization parameter than the L-curve method. In addition, we study displacement response sensitivities of sensor design parameters, such as geometries of the sensor to optimize the design of the sensor. Meanwhile, we also design a sandwich composite beam sensor to replace the structure with traditional materials, and wave reconstruction results are surprisingly good, even in background noise interference level as high as 20%. Therefore, the performance of the new sensor model is enhanced.
The Preference of Place of Death and its Predictors Among Terminally Ill Patients With Cancer and Their Caregivers in China
Authors: Gu Xiaoli , Cheng Wenwu , Cheng Menglei , Liu Minghui , zhang Zhe
Published: July 2014

Purpose:

To describe the preference of place of death among Chinese patients with cancer and their caregivers and to identify factors associated with the preference.

Methods:

A prospective questionnaire research was conducted in terminally ill patients with cancer and their caregivers. Questions included sociodemographic characteristics and information about patients’ diseases and patients’ preference of place of death.

Results:

Home (53.64%) was the first choice for 522 patients, 51.34% of participated caregivers chose home as the preferred place of death, and patient–caregiver dyads achieved 84.10% agreement. Patients who lived in rural area, with lower education level and lived with relatives, expressed more preference to die at home.

Conclusion:

This study described information about the preference of place of death and its potential predictive factors in terminally ill patients with cancer in mainland of China.
Why Palliative Care for Children is Preferable to Euthanasia
Authors: Carter Brian S.
Published: July 2014

Recent laws in Europe now allow for pediatric euthanasia. The author reviews some rationale for caution, and addresses why ensuring the availability of pediatric palliative care is an important step before allowing pediatric euthanasia.
The Laws Have Changed, But What About the Police? Policing Domestic Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Muftić Lisa R. , Cruze Jennifer R.
Published: July 2014

Despite having received gender sensitivity and domestic violence (DV) education in the post-war reformation era, anecdotal evidence from across Bosnia and Herzegovina indicates that most police officers view DV as a private family affair and continue to hold negative attitudes toward women and DV victims. This study assessed these claims by examining gender and DV attitudes held by 137 Bosnian police officers. It was hypothesized that officers who received DV training would be less likely to hold sexist attitudes toward women or view DV as justifiable compared with untrained officers. Results, as well as policy implications and suggestions for future research, are presented.
Comparison of the microbial dynamics and biochemistry of laboratory sourdoughs prepared with grape, apple and yogurt
Authors: Gordún Elena , del Valle Luis J , Ginovart Marta , Carbó Rosa
Published: July 2014

The microbiological culture-dependent characterization and physicochemical characteristics of laboratory sourdough prepared with grape (GS) were evaluated and compared with apple (AS) and yogurt (YS), which are the usual Spanish sourdough ingredients. Ripe GS took longer than AS and YS to reach the appropriate acidity and achieved lower values of lactic acid. In all sourdoughs, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased during processing and were the dominant microorganisms (>1E + 8 CFU/g). GS, as well as AS, had high diversity of LAB species. In ripe YS, Pediococcus pentosaceus was the only species identified; in GS and AS, several Lactobacilli were also found, Lb. plantarum, Lb. brevis, and Lb. sakei; in addition, in GS Weisella cibaria also appeared. Regarding the yeast population, non- Saccharomyces yeasts from GS and AS showed a very high specific population (>1E + 7 CFU/g), but this was reduced in ripe sourdough (<1E + 4 CFU/g). Finally, the Saccharomyces group dominated in all sourdoughs. Starting ingredients or raw material provided microbiological specificity to sourdoughs, and grape could be considered one of them.
How Uncover Ostomy challenges ostomy stigma, and encourages others to do the same
Authors: Frohlich Dennis O , Zmyslinski-Seelig Anne N
Published: July 2014

People who undergo ostomy surgery are often worried about being stigmatized. Ostomates explain that they appreciate contact with others who can relate to their experiences and are concerned with where to get advice and support about their ostomies. Internet communities are one outlet to challenge stigma and find support, and the web site Uncover Ostomy is one such community. The web site is the work of Jessica Grossman, a college student who challenges ostomy stigma through provocative photos. Through the associated Facebook fan page, users upload their own photos uncovering their ostomies. This project examined uploaded photos to see how people challenge stigma using new media technology. Additionally, the project examined comments left by Facebook users to understand how the ostomy community reacted to these photos. Implications of such spaces for users to challenge a stigmatizing condition are discussed.
Digital–visual–sensory-design anthropology: Ethnography, imagination and intervention
Authors: Pink Sarah
Published: July 2014

In this article I outline how a digital–visual–sensory approach to anthropological ethnography might participate in the making of relationship between design and anthropology. While design anthropology is itself coming of age, the potential of its relationship with applied visual anthropology methodology and theory has not been considered in the existing debates in this field. Here I bring this question to the centre of the discussion through a reflection on the themes, issues and limitations of applied visual anthropology and how, with the ability of design thinking to engage with the future, this might develop. I argue then for a future-oriented applied visual anthropology that engages with the everyday, ethnography and design as processual and situated at the innovative edge of what is possible.
Developing a scale to measure family dynamics related to long-term care, and testing that scale in a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Kusaba Tesshu , Sato Kotaro , Matsui Yoshinori , Matsuda Satoshi , Ando Takashi , Sakushima Ken , Wakita Takafumi , Fukuma Shingo , Fukuhara Shunichi
Published: July 2014

Background

As Japan’s population ages, more frail elderly people are cared for by members of their family. The dynamics within such families are difficult to study, in part because they are difficult to quantify. We developed a scale for assessing family dynamics related to long-term care. Here we report on the development of that scale, and we present the results of reliability testing and validation testing.

Methods

Two primary-care specialists drafted questions about family dynamics, and discussed them with other primary-care physicians and clinical researchers. The final questionnaire asked about four problems or undesirable situations: disengagement (emotional distance), scapegoating (inappropriate blame), transfer of problems across generations (transfer of unnecessary burden from older to younger generations, trans-generationally displaced revenge), and undesirable behavior (co-dependence). Next, at six general-medicine clinics, doctors evaluated families that had a caregiver and a patient requiring long-term care. The results were analyzed by factor analysis. Cronbach’s α was computed, and criterion-related validation tests were done with three types of criteria: relationship before caregiving, ability to do activities of daily living (ADL), and the duration of care.

Results

Results were obtained from 199 families. Among the caregivers, 79% were women and their mean age was 63 years. Among the patients, 71% were women and their mean age was 84 years. The results of factor analysis indicated that the scale was unidimensional. Cronbach’s α was 0.73. Not having a good relationship before caregiving was associated with significantly worse family dynamics scores, as was greater dependence regarding ADL.

Conclusions

We developed a scale that enables physicians to assess the dynamics of families with a patient and a family caregiver. The scale’s scores are reliable and the results of validation testing were generally good. This scale holds promise as a tool both for research and for primary-care practice.
Canine epidermal lipid sampling by skin scrub revealed variations between different body sites and normal and atopic dogs
Authors: Angelbeck-Schulze Mandy , Mischke Reinhard , Rohn Karl , Hewicker-Trautwein Marion , Naim Hassan Y , Bäumer Wolfgang
Published: July 2014

Background

Previously, we evaluated a minimally invasive epidermal lipid sampling method called skin scrub, which achieved reproducible and comparable results to skin scraping. The present study aimed at investigating regional variations in canine epidermal lipid composition using the skin scrub technique and its suitability for collecting skin lipids in dogs suffering from certain skin diseases. Eight different body sites (5 highly and 3 lowly predisposed for atopic lesions) were sampled by skin scrub in 8 control dogs with normal skin. Additionally, lesional and non-lesional skin was sampled from 12 atopic dogs and 4 dogs with other skin diseases by skin scrub. Lipid fractions were separated by high performance thin layer chromatography and analysed densitometrically.

Results

No significant differences in total lipid content were found among the body sites tested in the control dogs. However, the pinna, lip and caudal back contained significantly lower concentrations of ceramides, whereas the palmar metacarpus and the axillary region contained significantly higher amounts of ceramides and cholesterol than most other body sites. The amount of total lipids and ceramides including all ceramide classes were significantly lower in both lesional and non-lesional skin of atopic dogs compared to normal skin, with the reduction being more pronounced in lesional skin. The sampling by skin scrub was relatively painless and caused only slight erythema at the sampled areas but no oedema. Histological examinations of skin biopsies at 2 skin scrubbed areas revealed a potential lipid extraction from the transition zone between stratum corneum and granulosum.

Conclusions

The present study revealed regional variations in the epidermal lipid and ceramide composition in dogs without skin abnormalities but no connection between lipid composition and predilection sites for canine atopic dermatitis lesions. The skin scrub technique proved to be a practicable sampling method for canine epidermal lipids, revealed satisfying results regarding alterations of skin lipid composition in canine atopic dermatitis and might be suitable for epidermal lipid investigations of further canine skin diseases. Although the ceramide composition should be unaffected by the deeper lipid sampling of skin scrub compared to other sampling methods, further studies are required to determine methodological differences.
BioBenchmark Toyama 2012: an evaluation of the performance of triple stores on biological data
Authors: Wu Hongyan , Fujiwara Toyofumi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Bolleman Jerven , Yamaguchi Atsuko
Published: July 2014

Background

Biological databases vary enormously in size and data complexity, from small databases that contain a few million Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples to large databases that contain billions of triples. In this paper, we evaluate whether RDF native stores can be used to meet the needs of a biological database provider. Prior evaluations have used synthetic data with a limited database size. For example, the largest BSBM benchmark uses 1 billion synthetic e-commerce knowledge RDF triples on a single node. However, real world biological data differs from the simple synthetic data much. It is difficult to determine whether the synthetic e-commerce data is efficient enough to represent biological databases. Therefore, for this evaluation, we used five real data sets from biological databases.

Results

We evaluated five triple stores, 4store, Bigdata, Mulgara, Virtuoso, and OWLIM-SE, with five biological data sets, Cell Cycle Ontology, Allie, PDBj, UniProt, and DDBJ, ranging in size from approximately 10 million to 8 billion triples.

For each database, we loaded all the data into our single node and prepared the database for use in a classical data warehouse scenario. Then, we ran a series of SPARQL queries against each endpoint and recorded the execution time and the accuracy of the query response.

Conclusions

Our paper shows that with appropriate configuration Virtuoso and OWLIM-SE can satisfy the basic requirements to load and query biological data less than 8 billion or so on a single node, for the simultaneous access of 64 clients.

OWLIM-SE performs best for databases with approximately 11 million triples; For data sets that contain 94 million and 590 million triples, OWLIM-SE and Virtuoso perform best. They do not show overwhelming advantage over each other; For data over 4 billion Virtuoso works best.

4store performs well on small data sets with limited features when the number of triples is less than 100 million, and our test shows its scalability is poor; Bigdata demonstrates average performance and is a good open source triple store for middle-sized (500 million or so) data set; Mulgara shows a little of fragility.
The Effects of Interactions of Dicarboxylic Acids on the Stability of the Caffeine Molecule: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Azizi Abolfazl , Ebrahimi Ali , Habibi-Khorassani Mostafa , Rezazadeh Shiva , Behazin Roya
Published: July 2014

The cocrystal formation leads to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of drug substances. Caffeine, as a pharmaceutical compound, forms cocrystals with dicarboxylic acids through OH(acid)···N(caffeine) and CH(caffeine)···O(acid) hydrogen bonds. In the present work, four 2:1 ternary complexes of the caffeine molecule with oxalic, malonic, maleic, and glutaric acids (as cocrystal units) were studied by computational quantum chemistry methods. Also, all ternary complexes were considered in the presence of water molecules. The energy data indicate that the caffeine–oxalic acid complex is the most stable ternary complex with respect to humidity. The results of population analysis, on the basis of the atoms-in-molecules (AIM) and the natural bond orbital (NBO) methods, are in good agreement with the energy data and experimental observations for the caffeine cocrystals.
Codoping Effect of Sr and Ti for α-Fe2O3 Photocatalyst on Water Oxidation Utilizing IO3− as a Reversible Redox Ion under Visible Light
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Majima Yu , Gunji Takahiro , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: July 2014

Codoping effect for α-Fe2O3 powder on photocatalytic water oxidation was investigated. Fe2O3 showed activity for water oxidation in aqueous NaIO3 solution by the introduction of a Pt cocatalyst via microwave heating. The activity was much improved by Sr and Ti codoping. We developed for the first time a photocatalyst mainly consisting of d5 metal ions for water oxidation by utilizing a reversible redox ion.
Improving sexual healthcare in general practice
Authors: Ann Dadich , Hassan Hosseinzadeh , Penny Abbott , Wendy Hu , Timothy Usherwood , Melissa Kang , Chris Bourne , Carolyn Murray , Jennifer Reath
Published: July 2014

Objective:

Describe how different types of resources are received and perceived by primary care clinicians to improve sexual healthcare.

Study design:

Cross-sectional online survey of primary care clinicians in New South Wales, Australia, to evaluate the perceived impact of nine resources to promote sexual healthcare—seven were tailored to general practitioners (GPs) and two to practice nurses (PNs).

Participants:

431 primary care clinicians (GPs=214; PNs=217).

Main outcome measures:

Awareness, use and perceived impact of the resources.

Principal findings:

Most GPs were aware of and used the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Testing Tool; the Online STI Testing Tool GP training was perceived to improve GPs' ability to raise the topic of STIs with patients and order appropriate tests. Although the highest proportion of PNs were aware of the online STI PN training, most used the PN Postcard. The former helped to improve PNs' ability to identify at-risk patients and document sexual history.

Conclusions:

This study supports the need for a multimodal approach to improve the delivery of sexual healthcare in general practice. This would involve the communication of similar messages in different modes, via different channels, at different times.
A coherent approach is needed to help reduce child deaths
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: July 2014

Although child mortality rates have been declining, the number of child deaths in the UK is still higher than in other comparable European countries. Ian Peate comments on the need for a coherent and coordinated approach to reduce these, and why school nurse involvement is important.
Helping to protect children and guard against sexual abuse
Authors: Brown Jon
Published: July 2014

The high profile cases of Jimmy Savile and Rolf Harris, among others, have made people much more aware of child abuse. Jon Brown discusses the NSPCC's Underwear Rule campaign, which is helping to protect children and which has already been responsible for catching one abuser
Do you see tired children who have not had enough sleep?
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: July 2014

Are your students getting enough hours of sleep each night? When pupils are tired, their attention, concentration and ability to learn are severely hampered, but a majority of teachers report seeing tired children in their classrooms. Dorothy Lepkowska looks at the reasons why.
Looking at resources for dental health promotion
Authors: Forward Catherine
Published: July 2014

This series of articles aims to gather health promotion resources on specific themes relevant to school nursing practice. This month, Catherine Forward looks at dental health.
Royal recognition for SCPHN qualified school nurse in Wales
Authors: Jones Susan A
Published: July 2014

Susan Jones has been awarded an MBE For services to Children and Young People in Neath Port Talbot. She spoke to BJSN about her passion for the rights of children and young people, and for the school nursing profession.
Scabies, in images
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: July 2014

DERMATOLOGY

Jean Watkins describes the various presentations of scabies, its symptoms, complications and treatment.
Why should health visitors get involved with social media?
Authors: Chinn Teresa
Published: July 2014

In the first of a new series of columns on social media, Teresa Chinn discusses why this form of communication is important and why health professionals should embrace it.
Baby Watching: Facilitating parent–infant interaction groups
Authors: celebi Monika
Published: July 2014

The Oxford Parent Infant Project's Baby Watching groups aim to increase parental sensitive care-giving and encourage mind-mindedness towards babies. In this article, clinical vignettes demonstrate the concept of bodily mentalisation and illustrate the combined use of Watch, Wait and Wonder and Video Interaction Guidance in parent–infant groups. Seeing positive visual images of themselves and experiencing multiple benign relationships in the Baby Watching group can empower parents to become more attuned to their babies.
Close to home: Privatization and personalization of militarized death in Israeli home videos
Authors: Melamed Laliv
Published: July 2014

Since the mid-1990s, Israeli television has broadcast soldiers’ memorial videos made by families commemorating their lost loved one. The videos are broadcast only one day a year during the National Memorial Day as part of an orchestrated, nationwide commemoration and mourning. In Israeli society these video productions are deemed private and personal, therefore existing outside political, economic, institutional and aesthetic discourses. This article argues that the positioning of family-made video productions outside the social sphere obscures the politics and economies of Israeli cultural memory. To evaluate the social impetus of family-made memorial videos, the article traces the history of their emergence in the public view and highlights two parallel processes of privatization: the privatization of commemoration and memorialization in Israel, and the privatization of the Israeli public broadcast system. It also explores the appropriation of such home movies by state institutions (the archives in particular) and official historiography, and proposes three concepts for the discussion: intimacy, fetish and cliché. It concludes by interpreting the videos’ intimate storytelling within the public, digital and broadcast sphere as a cultural and ritualistic speech-convention that projects political viewpoints and understandings.
Video-making, Harlem Shaking: Theorizing the interactive amateur
Authors: Keating Abigail
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article is to interrogate the recent YouTube phenomenon of ‘Harlem Shake’ (2013) as an interactive amateur video-making collective. I argue that the significance of the meme from an amateur film studies perspective lies in the realm of three overlapping areas of: the productive interaction that occurs among amateur creators online; the generic adherence to the narrative, technical and aesthetic ‘rules’ that define the trend; and the problematization of personal control that comes to light as a consequence of both co-creation and global exhibition. Through a detailed discussion of the traditional distinctions between amateurism and professionalism, public and private media-making, and the notion of YouTube as a democratizing yet monetizing platform, I argue that ‘Harlem Shake’ reflects the consumption of culture amid the Web 2.0 generation and that its semiotic code represents the underlying structure of the paradoxical landscape on which it has burgeoned.
Multifactorial analysis of the geochemical characterization in a Brazilian hypersaline floodplain
Authors: Costa Diógenes Félix da Silva , Barbosa José Etham de Lucena , Rocha Renato De Medeiros , Soares Amadeu M. V. M. , LillebÃ¸ Ana Isabel
Published: July 2014

Hypersaline floodplains (sabkhas or saltflats) consist of the supratidal plains with low input of clastic sediments, high evaporation rates, and crustal salts. These environments are prone to periodical floodings and evaporite deposition, common in coastal areas with flat topography of arid regions, developing in response to two environmental conditions: deflation of surface sediments, or accumulation of sediments in a lake, or by a combination of both processes. This research developed a geochemical and textural characterization in soil samples collected in the estuarine floodplain (367.7 km2) of the Apodi-Mossoró River (Northeastern coast of Brazil), analyzing the results using multivariate statistics. The cluster and PCA analyses applied to the set of sampled sites enabled to identify two zones typical of the estuarine plain, as well as the major groups of parameters related, being one with the greater direct influence of tides (lower estuary) and another, upstream. This is a result of the a gradual accumulation in the soil (mainly the sodium), after the flood period in the spring tides, followed by a rapid water evaporation caused by high temperatures (>30°C) and constant winds.
Activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 improves hepatic steatosis through a p38-dependent pathway
Authors: Ou Horng-Yih , Wu Hung-Tsung , Lu Feng-Hwa , Su Yu-Chu , Hung Hao-Chang , Wu Jin-Shang , Yang Yi-Ching , Wu Chao-Liang , Chang Chih-Jen
Published: July 2014

Hepatic steatosis is highly correlated with insulin resistance and diabetes. Although, it has been demonstrated that activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) by agonists showed benefits for the improvement of diabetes, the effects of FFAR1 agonists on hepatic steatosis were unknown. In this study, a high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis animal model was utilized to evaluate the effects of an FFAR1 agonist, GW9508, on hepatic lipid accumulation, and HepG2 hepatoma cells were also used to clarify the possible mechanisms. Administration of GW9508 significantly decreased the hepatic lipid accumulation with decreased expressions of lipogenesis-related proteins in HFD mice. Knockdown of hepaticFfar1by lentiviral vectors containing short hairpin RNA targeted toFfar1diminished the effect of GW9508 in HFD mice. In addition, GW9508 decreased oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by decreases in the expression of lipogenesis-related proteins. Moreover, GW9508 downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) through a p38-dependent pathway, whereas knockdown ofFfar1in HepG2 cells diminished the effect of GW9508 on the decrease in SREBP1. Considering all these results together, GW9508 exerts a therapeutic effect to improve hepatic steatosis through a p38-dependent pathway. Thus, investigation of chemicals that act on FFAR1 might be a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
Unraveling Genomic Complexity at a Quantitative Disease Resistance Locus in Maize
Authors: Jamann Tiffany M , Poland Jesse A , Kolkman Judith M , Smith Laurie G , Nelson Rebecca J
Published: July 2014

Multiple disease resistance has important implications for plant fitness, given the selection pressure that many pathogens exert directly on natural plant populations and indirectly via crop improvement programs. Evidence of a locus conditioning resistance to multiple pathogens was found in bin 1.06 of the maize genome with the allele from inbred line “Tx303” conditioning quantitative resistance to northern leaf blight (NLB) and qualitative resistance to Stewart’s wilt. To dissect the genetic basis of resistance in this region and to refine candidate gene hypotheses, we mapped resistance to the two diseases. Both resistance phenotypes were localized to overlapping regions, with the Stewart’s wilt interval refined to a 95.9-kb segment containing three genes and the NLB interval to a 3.60-Mb segment containing 117 genes. Regions of the introgression showed little to no recombination, suggesting structural differences between the inbred lines Tx303 and “B73,” the parents of the fine-mapping population. We examined copy number variation across the region using next-generation sequencing data, and found large variation in read depth in Tx303 across the region relative to the reference genome of B73. In the fine-mapping region, association mapping for NLB implicated candidate genes, including a putative zinc finger and pan1. We tested mutant alleles and found that pan1 is a susceptibility gene for NLB and Stewart’s wilt. Our data strongly suggest that structural variation plays an important role in resistance conditioned by this region, and pan1, a gene conditioning susceptibility for NLB, may underlie the QTL.
Finite Element Modeling of the Ferroelectroelastic Material Behavior in Consideration of Domain Wall Motions
Authors: Liskowsky Albrecht C. , Semenov Artem S. , Balke Herbert , McMeeking Robert M.
Published: July 2014

A simulation of the nonlinear electromechanical macroscopic behavior of ferroelectric materials by means of the finite element method is presented. A material point is depicted by a representative volume element, for which homogeneous boundary conditions are valid. The evolution of integral averages over the representative volume element is to homogenize the results. For this homogenization we favor a finite element model in which each Gauss point represents exactly one single crystal. Their number of internal variables is limited to the lattice orientation and the volume fractions of the domains. The former are randomly distributed in space. It is possible to calculate the material behavior for arbitrary coupled and nonlinear electromechanical loading cases, but the model is not effective for the solution of boundary value problems for entire bodies.
First record of an anomalously colored franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei
Authors: CREMER MARTA J. , SARTORI CAMILA M. , SCHULZE BEATRIZ , PAITACH RENAN L. , HOLZ ANNELISE C.
Published: July 2014

On October 2011, a newborn franciscana dolphin with an anomalously coloration was sighted in Babitonga Bay, southern Brazil. The calf was totally white. Besides the potential mother and newborn, the group also had the presence of another adult, who always was swimming behind the pair. Both adults had the typical coloration of the species, with the back in grayish brown. The group, composed by the white franciscana calf, his pontential mother and one more adult, was reported in five occasions. The group was always in the same area where it was first recorded and showed the same position during swimming. Between first and last sighting of the white calf (113 days) the color has not changed. This is the first case of a white franciscana dolphin. This coloration has never been reported despite the high number of dead franciscanas recovered each year along the distribution of the species, resulting from accidental capture in fishing nets. This fact leads us to believe that this is a very rare characteristic for this species. We considered the possibility that this franciscana could be an albino dolphin.
Necrose pancreática delimitada e outros conceitos atuais na avaliação radiológica da pancreatite aguda
Authors: Cunha Elen Freitas de Cerqueira , Rocha Manoel de Souza , Pereira Fábio Payão , Blasbalg Roberto , Baroni Ronaldo Hueb
Published: July 2014

A pancreatite aguda é uma condição inflamatória causada por ativação intracelular e extravasamento inapropriado de enzimas proteolíticas que determinam destruição do parênquima pancreático e dos tecidos peripancreáticos. Consiste em uma condição clínica bastante frequente, identificando-se duas formas principais de apresentação: a forma edematosa, menos intensa, e a forma necrosante, a forma grave da doença que acomete uma proporção significativa dos pacientes. A avaliação radiológica, sobretudo por tomografia computadorizada, tem papel fundamental na definição da conduta nos casos graves, sobretudo no que diz respeito à caracterização das complicações locais, que têm implicação prognóstica, e na determinação do tipo de abordagem terapêutica. Novos conceitos incluem a subdivisão da pancreatite necrosante nas formas de necrose do parênquima pancreático concomitante com necrose dos tecidos peripancreáticos ou necrose restrita aos tecidos peripancreáticos. Além disso, houve sistematização dos termos: acúmulos líquidos agudos peripancreáticos, pseudocisto, alterações pós-necróticas pancreáticas/peripancreáticas e necrose pancreática delimitada. Tal conhecimento é de extrema relevância no sentido de uniformizar a linguagem entre os especialistas envolvidos no diagnóstico e tratamento desses pacientes.
Síndrome do crânio em folha de trevo: relato de caso
Authors: Fonseca Junio Marcos , Borém Luciana Mendes Araújo
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso raro de malformação craniana - a síndrome do crânio em folha de trevo -, cuja característica foi percebida após o nascimento de uma criança com os sinais da anomalia. Métodos de diagnóstico por imagem, como tomografia computadorizada e radiografia convencional, foram utilizados para a caracterização da síndrome.
Laryngeal schwannoma: a case report with emphasis on sonographic findings
Authors: Souza Luis Ronan Marquez Ferreira de , De Nicola Harley , Yamasaki Rosiane , Pedroso José Eduardo , Brasil Osíris de Oliveira Camponês do , Yamashita Hélio
Published: July 2014

Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors composed of Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering peripheral, cranial and autonomic nerves. Twenty-five to forty-five percent of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck region, but location of such tumors in the larynx is rarely observed. The present report is aimed at describing a clinical case of laryngeal schwannoma, with emphasis on sonographic findings.
Colonografia por tomografia computadorizada na visão do médico encaminhador: qual o seu valor segundo a visão de especialistas?
Authors: Kierszenbaum Marcelo Longo , von Atzingen Augusto Castelli , Tiferes Dario Ariel , Alvim Marcos Vinicius , Lopes Filho Gaspar de Jesus , Matos Délcio , D'Ippolito Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: Mapear a visão dos cirurgiões sobre o papel da colonografia por tomografia computadorizada (CTC). Materiais e Métodos: Envio de questionário eletrônico aos membros do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões. O questionário constou de 16 questões de múltipla escolha que abordaram dados demográficos e conhecimentos gerais sobre a CTC. Resultados: Foram obtidas 144 respostas; 90,3% dos especialistas eram homens, 60% com menos de 30 anos de formado, 77,1% eram gastrocirurgiões, 22,9% eram cirurgiões gerais, 53,5% encontravam-se na vida acadêmica e 59,7% exerciam sua atividade profissional em cidades com mais de 500.000 habitantes. Em relação ao conhecimento da CTC, 84,7% conheciam o método, 70,8% sabiam como é realizado, 56,9% relataram conhecer o preparo intestinal utilizado, 31,3% utilizavam o método e 53,5% conheciam algum serviço de CTC na cidade em que atuam. Cerca de metade dos profissionais não conhecia a precisa indicação do método. Profissionais que atuam em cidades com mais de 500.000 habitantes conhecem e utilizam mais o método (p < 0,005). Houve uma tendência de os profissionais com carreira acadêmica utilizarem mais o método. Conclusão: A CTC, embora ainda pouco utilizada em nosso meio, é bastante conhecida, principalmente em grandes centros urbanos e no ambiente acadêmico.
Descarte de medicamentos: uma análise da prática no Programa Saúde da Família
Authors: Alencar Tatiane de Oliveira Silva , Machado Carla Silva Rocha , Costa Sônia Carine Cova , Alencar Bruno Rodrigues
Published: July 2014

Os objetivos deste artigo consistem em discutir a percepção dos trabalhadores de saúde em relação ao descarte de medicamentos e analisar como ocorre essa prática em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) de um município baiano. Estudo qualitativo e exploratório, que teve como sujeitos enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, agentes comunitários de saúde e farmacêuticos da Assistência Farmacêutica e da Vigilância Sanitária. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação sistemática com utilização de roteiros previamente elaborados e utilizou-se o método análise de conteúdo para análise dos dados. Os resultados apontaram pouca compreensão dos trabalhadores quanto ao descarte adequado, execução de práticas divergentes dos dispositivos legais e desarticulação entre a vigilância sanitária e os demais serviços de saúde. A elaboração de estratégias efetivas devem envolver desde a gestão até a prescrição e o uso de medicamentos e requerem esforços políticos, econômicos e a participação social.