bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIGHT-WING RADICAL IDEOLOGEMS IN THE POLITICS OF SOUTH AMERICAN STATES
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Tarasov Ilya N. , Kel' Egor S. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of right-wing radical ideologies on political processes in South America. Right-wing radicalism has a long history of presence in the political reality of South American states. Having gone a long way from the usual ideas and concepts of the continental elites to the organization of right-wing radical political forces, right-wing ideologemes have become entrenched in the public consciousness of the societies of South American countries. We relied on a synthesized approach to the "ideologeme" through the concept of the morphology of ideologies by M. Frieden and the theories of "de-ideologi­zation" by D. Bell and S. Lipset. Methods of regional and binary synchronous comparison ma­de it possible to establish indicators of the influence of right-wing radical ideologemes, as well as to record similarities and the most significant differences in individual country cases. An analysis of the structure and state of the party systems of the states of the region made it pos­sible to determine the degree of influence of right-wing radical ideologies on the political pro­cesses. Among the most significant causes of ideological radicalization in South America, we have identified cultural, historical, and socio-economic factors.
How to Connect an Insignia NS-15AT10 to ADB on Windows
Authors: Grieve-Smith Angus
Published: September 2023

I bought a nice little tablet at BestBuy, and I wanted to use it to test an Android app I’m developing. In order to do that, I have to connect the tablet to my Windows laptop and run something called ADB. Unfortunately, in order for ADB to connect to it, Windows needs to recognize it as an ADB device, and BestBuy hasn’t done the work to support that.
Know your topics
Authors: Grieve-Smith Angus
Published: September 2023

There were a couple of years when I was tremendously confused about pragmatics and information structure. I learned a lot from reading Knud Lambrecht’s 1994 book Information Structure and Sentence Form. And one of the most useful things I learned was that people use the word “topic” to mean several different things, some of which are mutually exclusive.
COCI, the OpenCitations Index of Crossref open DOI-to-DOI citations
Authors: Peroni Silvio
Published: September 2023

COCI, the OpenCitations Index of Crossref open DOI-to-DOI citations Author(s) Ivan Heibi – ivan.heibi2@unibo.it Digital Humanities Advanced Research Centre (DHARC), Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy Silvio Peroni – silvio.peroni@unibo.it Digital Humanities Advanced Research Centre (DHARC), Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies, Univer
Zero Tolerance
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: September 2023

We were asked to write a Preview piece for Developmental Cell. Two interesting papers which deal with the insertion of amphipathic helices in membranes to influence membrane curvature during endocytosis were scheduled for publication and the journal wanted some “front matter” to promote them. Our Preview is paywalled – sorry about that – but I can briefly tell you why these two papers are worth a read.
Super Unison
Authors: Royle Stephen
Published: September 2023

For the past 3.5 yrs I’ve been using Unison to sync files between 3 macs. It works great. In fact, since I installed and set up my profiles for syncing, I’ve not needed to change a thing. Until yesterday. I upgraded to El Capitan on each of the 3 macs. I went to run Unison to sync the days work and – an error. -bash: unison: command not found Oh dear. I looked in the search path and couldn’t find Unison.
Introducing Selected Birthdays
Authors: Grieve-Smith Angus
Published: September 2023

If you have an Android phone like me, you probably use Google Calendar. I like the way it integrates with my contacts so that I can schedule events with people. I like the idea of it integrating with my Google+ contacts to automatically create a calendar of birthdays that I don’t want to miss. There’s a glitch in that, but I’ve created a new app to get around it, called Selected Birthdays.
MicroRNAs in high-grade gliomas: What is their role?
Authors: Stepanović Aleksandar , Nikitović Marina , Petrović Nina
Published: September 2023

High-grade gliomas are malignant tumours of the central nervous system with poor overall survival. Equivalently, glioblastoma is one of the most devastating brain tumours. Treatment for most high-grade gliomas includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Even with all treatment modalities, at a certain point, disease progression occurs. Moreover, each of the treatment modalities can lead to different toxicities. In the last ten years, many studies have aimed to find a stable and unique biomarker that can help diagnose brain tumours, overcome treatment resistance, and improve overall survival. MicroRNAs are non-coding elements of the genome that are relatively stable in serum and plasma and can be isolated from the tissue as well. It has been discovered that the alteration of many microRNAs can be seen in high-grade gliomas. The determined microRNA could potentially play a part in the diagnosis and prognosis of high-grade gliomas, have a therapeutic role in the treatment of high-grade gliomas or act as a predictive biomarker of treatment-induced toxicity. To achieve this, every high-grade glioma should have its own microRNA signature. Numerous studies have detected a big potential of certain microRNAs. The disadvantages of these studies are that they mostly included a small number of samples. Moreover, research into microRNA as potential therapeutic agents has primarily been based on cell lines, or xenografts. On the other hand, many microRNAs show significant alterations in high-grade gliomas, but still, their altered expression can be detected in other cancers and some non-oncological diseases. In this article, we made a critical mini-review of the role of microRNAs in high-grade gliomas.
Influence of antibiotic resistance in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Milivojević Vladimir , Krstić Miodrag , Medić-Brkić Branislava
Published: September 2023

Timely and adequate treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is essential, bearing in mind its high prevalence rate (> 50%), the fact that infection with this pathogen causes chronic gastritis, as well as significant complications in the form of ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma, metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Numerous national recommendations and international guidelines dictate the effectiveness of therapy, but their inconsistent implementation disrupts the cure rate and increases the possibility of developing antibiotic resistance. According to preliminary data, the resistance rate in Serbia is high. The goal of therapeutic guidelines should be efficient therapy, which is safe and which, if possible, prevents the growing resistance to antibiotics. New diagnostic techniques such as bacterial culture and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) can facilitate diagnosis and determine antibiotic resistance, which further leads to the possible application of a tailored made therapy that can enable a better cure rate by preventing further antibiotic resistance.
Electronic Governance System Implementation and Its Influence on Public Secondary School Management: A Case Study of Meru District, Tanzania
Authors:   St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Mulokozi Abednego M. , Kitula Paul Raphael
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to assess the application of electronic governance systems and their influence on the governance of public secondary schools in Meru district. The following were the objectives: determine the extent of applicability of electronic governance systems in school management and their influence on the management of public secondary schools, and to investigate the challenges faced by heads of schools in executing electronic governance systems. Theory of acceptance and use of technology developed by Venkatesh guided the study. Convergent mixed design was adopted, targeting 72 participants, including 44 school heads, 26 WEOs, DSEO and DITO. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Questionnaires, observation checklists, and interview guides used to collect data were validated through the use of experts. Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the reliability of instruments yielding satisfactory results of HoSQ =0.78 and WEOsQ = 0.82. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis coding to identify patterns and themesData were analyzed using tables, frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and thematic coding. The findings indicated a positive trend in the application of electronic governance systems in public secondary schools’ management. In conclusion, despite the challenges, electronic governance systems are still applied in the management of public secondary schools in Meru district. Recommendations were made for heads of schools to address the identified challenges, for ward education officers to provide support and guidance, and for policy makers and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology to formulate policies and allocate resources to promote the application of electronic governance systems in schools.
Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Delirium and Neurological Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Xinling , Wan Rong
Published: September 2023

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) and neurological dysfunction are very common following cardiac surgery and deteriorate the patient's prognosis and the outcome of surgical procedures. A clinically effective management strategy or drug is not yet available for POD. Additionally, it is unknown whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has neuroprotective and anti-delirium benefits in patients who undergo cardiac surgery. Methods: This study examined whether RIPC can improve POD and neurological function in cardiac surgery patients. We screened 510 consecutive adult patients aged 18 and older who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2018 and December 2022. Then, 448 of these patients were recruited in the trial as the intention to treat (ITT) group, who were then randomly assigned to receive either a control (n = 223) or RIPC treatment (n = 225). The primary outcome measures were hospitalization postoperative delirium, six-month modified Rankins scale (mRS), hospital cerebral infarction, 30-day overall mortality, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100b levels, related adverse effects, hospital costs, and hospital stay. Results: A statistically significant variation was not observed between the two groups in terms of the baseline clinical data. In contrast to the control group, the POD in the RIPC group was considerably alleviated. RIPC treatment also decreased the levels of NSE and S-100b, which alleviated nerve injury. The adverse impacts of RIPC-induced objective indicators of tissue or neurovascular damage were similar in both groups, showing no significant variations between the two. The hospital stays and hospitalization costs also decreased significantly in the RIPC-treated patients. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that RIPC may benefit cardiac surgery patients by reducing POD, alleviating injury, and lowering hospital expenditures and length of stay. Cardiac surgery patients can be treated with RIPC, which is an effective and safe technique.
Trapped in The Past: The Decline of Italian Olive Groves in the Face of Traditional Visions and Policies, Emerging Challenges and Innovation
Authors: Pulighe Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Italy has long been a key player in olive crop production, but the sector is currently facing an unprecedented crisis. This is evident by shrinking cultivated areas, farms, production levels, and investments. Multiple factors contributed to this decline, including traditional cultivation practices, limited innovation and competitiveness, siloed-oriented policies, landscape protection measures, and unsustainable agricultural systems. Phytosanitary issues, such as the spread of Xylella fastidiosa and the effects of climate change and drought, further compounded these challenges. Over the last decade, the sector has undergone preservation efforts focused on the perpetuation of traditional narratives and implementing policies to protect smallholder farmers, old cultivars, and safeguard traditional agri-food products. However, these approaches hinder the sector’s ability to adapt and compete in the market, perpetuating stagnation rather than driving the necessary changes. To reverse this decline, the olive sector must undergo necessary evolution, as seen in other sectors, such as viticulture and tree crops. This entails embracing a comprehensive strategy encompassing research and development, infrastructure investment, the promotion of modern cultivation techniques, and policies that support the sector’s evolution. Without such measures, the future of Italy’s olive industry remains uncertain, with significant implications for its cultural heritage and economy. Italy must recognize the economic and cultural consequences of continued decline and take immediate action for long-term viability.
Inovasi Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Nurhafizah  , Syahrizal Hasan
Published: September 2023

Dalam proses belajar mengajar inovasi guru sangat diperlukan agar tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis inovasi guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran anak usia dini berbasis multiple intelligences. Metode penelitian ini adalah mix method dengan menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan persentase. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga orang guru, menggunakan teknik Snowball sampling, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil akhir dari perhitungan kuantitatif menunjukkan angka 76,43%, hasilnya dikategorikan “Cukup”. Artinya, sebagian guru sudah cukup baik dalam berinovasi guna mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis multiple intelligences. Dalam pengamatan, guru mampu mengimplementasikan beberapa indikator rangsangan kecerdasan dalam satu waktu dengan beragam kegiatan serta guru mengalami peningkatan berinovasi yang cukup baik di setiap harinya. Adapun faktor pendukung dan penghambat guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasis Multiple Intelligences pertama faktor pendukung, guru memiliki pengalaman yang lebih dalam mengajar dengan durasi diatas lima tahun, program sekolah dirancang dengan baik, guru mengikuti pelatihan atau workshop yang berguna untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidik, perencanaan pembelajaran dibuat sesuai dengan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan. Kedua faktor penghambat, guru sulit memunculkan ide kreatif untuk menunjang proses belajar mengajar, guru kurang memahami kecerdasan yang di miliki oleh masing – masing anak, guru sulit mengaplikasikan pembelajaran berbasis multiple intellignces disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman serta wawasan, fasilitas sekolah kurang memadai dalam peyediakan bahan – bahan pembelajaran
NEUROBIOLOGI DAN TATALAKSANA GANGGUAN KOGNITIF PADA SKIZOFRENIA
Authors: PUTRA I PUTU RISDIANTO EKA , MARIANTO MARIANTO
Published: September 2023

Skizofrenia merupakan sebuah gangguan psikiatri yang berat dan kronik yang menyebabkan gejala psikotik dengan penurunan fungsi berat seseorang. Gangguan fungsi kognitif merupakan salah satu gangguan yang nyata terjadi pada orang dengan skizofrenia. Patofisiologi dari skizofrenia bersifat kompleks dan telah dipelajari selama bertahun-tahun dengan banyak faktor yang belum sepenuhnya diketahui walaupun hingga saat ini beberapa faktor yang diduga saling berkaitan yaitu faktor genetik, lingkungan, perkembangan neuron, neurokimia, anatomi, dan sistem imun. Banyak faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kognitif pada skizofrenia. Gangguan kognitif diketahui terjadi sebelum onset dari gejala psikotik pertama. Hal ini ada memburuk secara progresif seiring perkembangan skizofrenia. Tatalaksana pasien skizofrenia, mencakup tatalaksana gangguan kognitif juga merupakan rangkaian manajemen demi kelangsungan pasien. Pemberian antipsikotik pada skizofrenia sendiri tidak dapat mengembalikan kondisi kognitif pada pasien Skizofrenia. Pemulihan kondisi kognitif pada pasien skizofrenia sangat penting agar dapat kembali ke fungsi pekerjaan sehari-hari. Remediasi merupakan terapi baku emas untuk gangguan kognitif pada skizofrenia. Hingga saat ini, masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai fungsi kognitif pada skizofrenia.
NILAI-NILAI FILSAFAT DALAM PUSTAKA SUCI BHAGAVADGITA
Authors: I KETUT SUBAGIASTA
Published: September 2023

Pustaka suci Bhagawadgita merupakan salah satu pedoman atau sumber tuntunan kerohanian dan tuntunan kehidupan beragama Hindu di Indonesia. Sebagian besar atau secara umum umat Hindu sudah membaca dan menjadikan sumber pedoman spiritual beragama Hindu, yang sangat kaya nilai-nilai kerohanian, salah satunya sarat dengan nilai-nilai filsafat Hindu. Dengan demikian lapisan masyarakat Hindu di Indonesia penting nilai kerohanian.. Artikel ini menyajikan ada sepuluh nilai sebagai sumber nilai secara filosofis. Nilai lainnya masih ada yang perlu dikaji yang berguna sebagai tuntunan.

Secara singkat pada artikel ini dapat disajikan abstraknya yang terkait nilai-nilai filsafat Hindu yang terkandung dalam pustaka suci Bhagawadgita, antara lain: a) nilai fifsafat Ketuhanan, b) nilai filsafat Kemanusiaan, c) nilai filsafat Pendidikan, d) nilai filsafat Ritual/Upacara agama, e) nilai filsafat Etos Kerja, f) nilai filsafat Kesehatan, g) nilai filsafat Meditasi, h) nilai filsafat Pengabdian, i) nilai filsafat Kebenaran, dan j) nilai filsafat Toleransi atau saling menghargai/saling menghormati dengan sesama. Demikian inti isi artikel ini yang dapat dijadikan sumber tuntunan oleh umat Hindu Indonesia secara praktis.
UTILIZATION OF CETHO TEMPLE FOR RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Setiawan Budiana
Published: September 2023

According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 1992 concerning Cultural Heritage Objects, Cetho Temple was considered a dead monument, so it cannot be used for religious activities by Hindus. The discourse had changed since the issuance of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. Nevertheless, in its implementation, regulations have been needed for the interest of regulating the utilization of Cetho Temple as a national level of cultural heritage. In this regard, the problems in this study are: (1) How are the licensing arrangements of utilization of Cetho Temple for religious activities, both by the government of Republic of Indonesia and the government of Karanganyar Regency? (2) What are the benefits of licensing the utilization of Cetho Temple for Hindus and the community around the location of Cetho Temple? This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Research data collection is done through literature review, in-depth interviews, and observation. The results showed that the Government of Karanganyar Regency since 2005 has given permission to Hindus to use the temple as a place of religious ceremony. The ceremonies that are held include: Galungan, Kuningan, Tawur Agung Kesanga, and Mondosiyo. As a consequence of the implementation of the local regulations, at Cetho Temple there is a division of management authority between the Agency of Tourism Youth and Sports of Karanganyar Regency and the Office of Cultural Heritage Conservation of Central Java. The Agency of Tourism Youth and Sports of Karanganyar Regency manages tourists who come to Cetho Temple, especially for ticket sales arrangements. The Office of Cultural Heritage Conservation of Central Java manages the conservation activity at the temple, which is financed using the state budget. The utilization of Cetho Temple as a place of religious ceremony for Hindus will actually enliven tourism activities.
The Immediate Effect of Cumulative Transverse Strain via Exercise on the Achilles Tendon in Individuals with and Without Flat Feet
Authors: Taş Serkan , Koçyiğit Murat Fatih , Aracı Ayça , Tüfek Muhammed Taha
Published: September 2023

Background: Flat feet change lower extremity alignment, and it may change the load distribution on Achilles tendon during exercise. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immediate effect of cumulative transverse strain via resistive ankle plantarflexion exercise on the Achilles tendon in individuals with flat feet.

Methods: Fourteen individuals with flat feet and 14 age-matched individuals with normal foot posture were enrolled in the present study. Achilles tendon thickness was measured by an ultrasonography device with a linear probe at 3 points: 1 cm (AT-1), 2 cm (AT-2), and 3 cm (AT-3) proximal to the superior aspect of the calcaneus. Ultrasonography measurements were performed before and after participants completed 90 repetitions of double-leg calf raise exercises which included moving the foot from full ankle dorsiflexion to full ankle plantarflexion.

Results: Achilles tendon thickness at all points measured was thinner in the flat feet group at both pre- and post-exercise conditions compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). Achilles tendon thickness at AT-1, AT-2, and AT-3 decreased after the exercise in both groups (p<0.001). The differences in Achilles tendon thickness at all points measured between pre- and post-exercise conditions were lower in individuals with flat feet than those of the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in Achilles tendon thickness after exercise in both groups; however, the tendon thickness markedly diminished in individuals with normal foot posture. The results are thought to result from changes in tendon structure and in load distribution on the Achilles tendon.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of cavernous tissues reveals the key roles of pericytes in diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Bae Seo-Gyeong , Yin Guo Nan , Ock Jiyeon , Suh Jun-Kyu , Ryu Ji-Kan , Park Jihwan
Published: September 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects a significant proportion of men aged 40–70 and is caused by cavernous tissue dysfunction. Presently, the most common treatment for ED is phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; however, this is less effective in patients with severe vascular disease such as diabetic ED. Therefore, there is a need for development of new treatment, which requires a better understanding of the cavernous microenvironment and cell-cell communications under diabetic condition. Pericytes are vital in penile erection; however, their dysfunction due to diabetes remains unclear. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to understand the cellular landscape of cavernous tissues and cell type-specific transcriptional changes in diabetic ED. We found a decreased expression of genes associated with collagen or extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis in diabetic fibroblasts, chondrocytes, myofibroblasts, valve-related lymphatic endothelial cells, and pericytes. Moreover, the newly identified pericyte-specific marker, Limb Bud-Heart (Lbh), in mouse and human cavernous tissues, clearly distinguishing pericytes from smooth muscle cells. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that pericytes are involved in angiogenesis, adhesion, and migration by communicating with other cell types in the corpus cavernosum; however, these interactions were highly reduced under diabetic conditions. Lbh expression is low in diabetic pericytes, and overexpression of LBH prevents erectile function by regulating neurovascular regeneration. Furthermore, the LBH-interacting proteins (Crystallin Alpha B and Vimentin) were identified in mouse cavernous pericytes through LC-MS/MS analysis, indicating that their interactions were critical for maintaining pericyte function. Thus, our study reveals novel targets and insights into the pathogenesis of ED in patients with diabetes.
Zona incerta distributes a broad movement signal that modulates behavior
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Chabbert Dorian , Sajid Sarmad , Busel Natan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel
Published: September 2023

The zona incerta is a subthalamic nucleus made up mostly of GABAergic neurons. It has wide-ranging inputs and outputs and is believed to have many integrative functions that link sensory stimuli with motor responses to guide behavior. However, its role is not well established perhaps because few studies have measured the activity of zona incerta neurons in behaving animals under different conditions. To record the activity of zona incerta neurons during exploratory and cue-driven goal-directed behaviors, we used electrophysiology in head-fixed mice moving on a spherical treadmill and fiber photometry in freely moving mice. We found two groups of neurons based on their sensitivity to movement, with a minority of neurons responding to whisker stimuli. Furthermore, zona incerta GABAergic neurons robustly code the occurrence of exploratory and goal-directed movements, but not their direction. To understand the function of these activations, we performed genetically targeted lesions and optogenetic manipulations of zona incerta GABAergic neurons during exploratory and goal-directed behaviors. The results showed that the zona incerta has a role in modulating the movement associated with these behaviors, but this has little impact on overall performance. Zona incerta neurons distribute a broad corollary signal of movement occurrence to their diverse projection sites, which regulates behavior.
Postsynaptic mitochondria are positioned to support functional diversity of dendritic spines
Authors: Thomas Connon I , Ryan Melissa A , Kamasawa Naomi , Scholl Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Postsynaptic mitochondria are critical for the development, plasticity, and maintenance of synaptic inputs. However, their relationship to synaptic structure and functional activity is unknown. We examined a correlative dataset from ferret visual cortex with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of dendritic spines during visual stimulation and electron microscopy reconstructions of spine ultrastructure, investigating mitochondrial abundance near functionally and structurally characterized spines. Surprisingly, we found no correlation to structural measures of synaptic strength. Instead, we found that mitochondria are positioned near spines with orientation preferences that are dissimilar to the somatic preference. Additionally, we found that mitochondria are positioned near groups of spines with heterogeneous orientation preferences. For a subset of spines with a mitochondrion in the head or neck, synapses were larger and exhibited greater selectivity to visual stimuli than those without a mitochondrion. Our data suggest mitochondria are not necessarily positioned to support the energy needs of strong spines, but rather support the structurally and functionally diverse inputs innervating the basal dendrites of cortical neurons.
Modeled grid cells aligned by a flexible attractor
Authors: Benas Sabrina , Fernandez Ximena , Kropff Emilio
Published: September 2023

Entorhinal grid cells implement a spatial code with hexagonal periodicity, signaling the position of the animal within an environment. Grid maps of cells belonging to the same module share spacing and orientation, only differing in relative two-dimensional spatial phase, which could result from being part of a two-dimensional attractor guided by path integration. However, this architecture has the drawbacks of being complex to construct and rigid, path integration allowing for no deviations from the hexagonal pattern such as the ones observed under a variety of experimental manipulations. Here, we show that a simpler one-dimensional attractor is enough to align grid cells equally well. Using topological data analysis, we show that the resulting population activity is a sample of a torus, while the ensemble of maps preserves features of the network architecture. The flexibility of this low dimensional attractor allows it to negotiate the geometry of the representation manifold with the feedforward inputs, rather than imposing it. More generally, our results represent a proof of principle against the intuition that the architecture and the representation manifold of an attractor are topological objects of the same dimensionality, with implications to the study of attractor networks across the brain.
PyMC: a modern, and comprehensive probabilistic programming framework in Python
Authors: Abril-Pla Oriol , Andreani Virgile , Carroll Colin , Dong Larry , Fonnesbeck Christopher J. , Kochurov Maxim , Kumar Ravin , Lao Junpeng , Luhmann Christian C. , Martin Osvaldo A. , Osthege Michael , Vieira Ricardo , Wiecki Thomas , Zinkov Robert
Published: September 2023

PyMC is a probabilistic programming library for Python that provides tools for constructing and fitting Bayesian models. It offers an intuitive, readable syntax that is close to the natural syntax statisticians use to describe models. PyMC leverages the symbolic computation library PyTensor, allowing it to be compiled into a variety of computational backends, such as C, JAX, and Numba, which in turn offer access to different computational architectures including CPU, GPU, and TPU. Being a general modeling framework, PyMC supports a variety of models including generalized hierarchical linear regression and classification, time series, ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and non-parametric models such as Gaussian processes (GPs). We demonstrate PyMC’s versatility and ease of use with examples spanning a range of common statistical models. Additionally, we discuss the positive role of PyMC in the development of the open-source ecosystem for probabilistic programming.
Benchmarking a fast, satisficing vehicle routing algorithm for public health emergency planning and response: “Good Enough for Jazz”
Authors: McDaniel Emma L. , Akwafuo Sampson , Urbanovsky Joshua , Mikler Armin R.
Published: September 2023

Due to situational fluidity and intrinsic uncertainty of emergency response, there needs to be a fast vehicle routing algorithm that meets the constraints of the situation, thus the receiving-staging-storing-distributing (RSSD) algorithm was developed. Benchmarking the quality of this satisficing algorithm is important to understand the consequences of not engaging with the NP-Hard task of vehicle routing problem. This benchmarking will inform whether the RSSD algorithm is producing acceptable and consistent solutions to be used in decision support systems for emergency response planning. We devise metrics in the domain space of emergency planning, response, and medical countermeasure dispensing in order to assess the quality of RSSD solutions. We conduct experiments and perform statistical analyses to assess the quality of the RSSD algorithm’s solutions compared to the best known solutions for selected capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) benchmark instances. The results of these experiments indicate that even though the RSSD algorithm does not engage with finding the optimal route solutions, it behaves in a consistent manner to the best known solutions across a range of instances and attributes.
High phenotypic plasticity at the dawn of the eosauropterygian radiation
Authors: Laboury Antoine , Scheyer Torsten M. , Klein Nicole , Stubbs Thomas L. , Fischer Valentin
Published: September 2023

The initial radiation of Eosauropterygia during the Triassic biotic recovery represents a key event in the dominance of reptiles secondarily adapted to marine environments. Recent studies on Mesozoic marine reptile disparity highlighted that eosauropterygians had their greatest morphological diversity during the Middle Triassic, with the co-occurrence of Pachypleurosauroidea, Nothosauroidea and Pistosauroidea, mostly along the margins of the Tethys Ocean. However, these previous studies quantitatively analysed the disparity of Eosauropterygia as a whole without focussing on Triassic taxa, thus limiting our understanding of their diversification and morphospace occupation during the Middle Triassic. Our multivariate morphometric analyses highlight a clearly distinct colonization of the ecomorphospace by the three clades, with no evidence of whole-body convergent evolution with the exception of the peculiar pistosauroid Wangosaurus brevirostris, which appears phenotypically much more similar to nothosauroids. This global pattern is mostly driven by craniodental differences and inferred feeding specializations. We also reveal noticeable regional differences among nothosauroids and pachypleurosauroids of which the latter likely experienced a remarkable diversification in the eastern Tethys during the Pelsonian. Our results demonstrate that the high phenotypic plasticity characterizing the evolution of the pelagic plesiosaurians was already present in their Triassic ancestors, casting eosauropterygians as particularly adaptable animals.
Research Trends on Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Non-Central Nervous System Cancer: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
Authors: Kim Hee-Jun , Bae Sun Hyoung , Park Jin-Hee
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the knowledge structure and trends in research on cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) in patients with non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cancer through text network analysis and topic modeling.Methods: From 2011 to 2021, studies on CRCI in patients with non-CNS cancer registered in databases including Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo, were extracted and cleaned into words using Python’s natural language toolkit package. Text network analysis was performed using the NetworkX library, and topic modeling analysis based on the latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm was carried out using the Gensim library.Results: In total, 24,030 keywords were extracted from the abstracts of 490 selected papers, of which “chemotherapy,” “breast cancer,” and “quality of life” showed high frequency and centrality. As a result of the topic modeling analysis, four subject groups were derived, including cognitive impairment due to chemotherapy, breast cancer and cognitive impairment, factors related to cognitive impairment, and symptom experience.Conclusion: These findings will help cancer researchers to understand the trends and insights of research on CRCI in patients with non-CNS cancer and suggest important areas and directions for future studies.
The Impact of Symptom Burden, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and eHealth Literacy on the Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Bang-Eun , Uhm Ju-Yeon
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The number of breast cancer patients in Korea has steadily increased. However, there are few studies addressing quality of life of patients undergoing breast cancer treatment in Korea. This study aimed to identify predictors of quality of life among patients undergoing breast cancer treatment.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 142 patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment in a cancer hospital. Data were collected using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Breast Cancer Survivors Scale, eHealth Literacy Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer through self-administered questionnaires from January 12 to December 6, 2022. Differences in the level of quality of life according to demographic and clinical variables and correlations among continuous variables were identified using univariate statistics, and hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify predictors of quality of life.Results: Employment status, comorbidities, disease duration, and cancer stage were demographic and clinical variables that showed significant associations with quality of life. Symptom burden, social support, self-efficacy, and eHealth literacy were also significantly associated with quality of life. The predictors of quality of life were employment status (β=.13, p=.009), cancer stage (β=.12, p=.033), symptom severity (β=-.14, p=.044), symptom interference (β=-.30, p<.001), social support (β=.13, p=.025), and self-efficacy (β=.46, p<.001). The explanatory power was approximately 69% (F=26.90, p<.001).Conclusion: Nursing interventions should be implemented for patients undergoing breast cancer treatment to improve their quality of life while reducing the symptom burden and enhancing self-efficacy and social support.
Development of a Drainage Tube (Jackson-Pratt Drain or Hemovac) Management Protocol
Authors: Choi Dongwon , Lee Hyunjin , Choi Min-Jung , Kim Kyunghee , Shin YunHee , Kim Ji-Su
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a drainage tube management protocol for nursing students to enhance their core nursing skills and improve the quality of the nursing practicum.Methods: A drainage tube (Jackson-Pratt drain or Hemovac) management protocol for nursing students was developed in four stages: a preliminary survey (stage 1), establishment of criteria for the implementation of the protocol (stage 2), finalization of the protocol (stage 3), and development of nursing scenarios to implement the developed protocol (stage 4).Results: The final drainage tube management protocol outlined 23 steps, and the scoring system reflected whether each step was fully performed (2), partially performed (1), and not performed (0) for a total possible score of 46. The example nursing scenario was designed to evaluate the process through which nursing students provide care for a postoperative patient with a Jackson-Pratt drain (or Hemovac) with level 1 (fundamentals of nursing practice for sophomores in the first stage).Conclusion: It is important to educate and evaluate nursing students on core nursing skills that must be learned and acquired during their school years, owing to their high frequency of use and importance in nursing practice. To this end, standardized protocols for each core nursing skill should be used to ensure consistent education and evaluation in nursing situations that resemble the clinical setting, in which continual updating of core nursing protocols is required.
Study of Foliar Nutrition Applied at Different Growth Stages on Niger (Guizotia abyssinica L.)
Authors: Chaudhari Dipika G. , Deshmukh Swapnil P. , Singh Narendra , Surve V. , Mote B. M. , B. M. Gajera
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Niger Research Station, NAU, Vanarasi, Gujarat to study the effect of foliar spray of nutrients applied at different growth stages on rabi niger (Guizotia abyssinica L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of seven treatments including foliar spray of 19:19:19 and Novel organic liquid (A Patented NAU product) applied at different growth stages on niger crop. The experimental results revealed that foliar application 1% 19:19:19 applied at flowering and capitula formation stage recorded significantly higher number of branches per plant. The number of seeds per capitulum and seed yield also remained significantly higher with the application 1% 19:19:19 applied at flowering and capitula formation stage which was found at par with treatment receiving foliar spray of 1% 19:19:19 at flowering stage and foliar spray of 1 % novel organic liquid at flowering stage.
The International Year of Millet 2023: A Global Initiative for Sustainable Food Security and Nutrition
Authors: Mohod Nilesh B. , P. Ashoka, , Borah Anchita , Goswami Pankhi , Koshariya Ashok Kumar , Sahoo Sweta , N. Prabhavathi
Published: September 2023

Millets, known for their resilience and nutritional richness, have been recognized globally for their potential in enhancing food security and nutrition. This review paper highlights the significance of the International Year of Millets 2023, a global initiative emphasizing the role of millets in sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition. We provide an overview of millets, their classification, nutritional profiles, and global distribution. Millets demonstrate remarkable adaptability to diverse and challenging climatic conditions, contributing to biodiversity and offering ecological benefits. This makes them a significant part of climate-smart agriculture. Millets enhance food availability and positively impact rural livelihoods and economies, contributing to food security. Our review underscores the superior nutritional content of millets in comparison to other major cereals. We shed light on health benefits associated with millet consumption, emphasizing their role in addressing hidden hunger and malnutrition. Despite these benefits, millets face barriers in cultural acceptance and require improved processing techniques. Technological innovations could help in improving processing, creating value-added millet products, while effective marketing strategies could help in overcoming social and cultural barriers. Lastly, we discuss policy initiatives supporting millet cultivation and consumption, particularly reflecting on initiatives during the International Year of Millets 2023. Future policy recommendations for sustained millet promotion are proposed, which include promoting millets as climate-smart crops, improving farmers' access to improved millet varieties and technologies, fostering an environment for millet processing and marketing, and promoting international collaboration for millet research and development.
Understanding Specific Jurisdictional Requirements: A Case Example (Rating LE Impairment Owing to Spinal Cord Injury)
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Grant William T. , Ahmad Waqas
Published: August 2023

Jurisdictions use impairment ratings differently, and physicians must understand the specific requirements in each jurisdiction. This article discusses a case of severe spinal cord injury for a jurisdiction that only rates extremity involvement.
Peripheral Vascular Disease Impairment Assessment: An Overview of the AMA Guides Sixth Edition Approach
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Demeter Stephen
Published: August 2023

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) may result from arterial, venous, or lymphatic disorders. Section 4.8 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), titled Vascular Diseases Affecting the Extremities (6th ed, 68-71), defines the impairment assessment process and provides separate tables for the lower extremities and upper extremities. Objective test results are the key factor, with grade modification based on reliable history and physical examination findings. This article provides an overview of the clinical assessment of PVD.
Closed‐Loop Soft Robot Control Frameworks with Coordinated Policies Based on Reinforcement Learning and Proprioceptive Self‐Sensing
Authors: Ju Hunpyo , Cha Baekdong , Rus Daniela , Lee Jongho
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in soft robots have been achieved by using compliant materials and exploiting the advantages of the soft structural designs of living organisms. Living organisms (which have theoretically infinite degrees of freedom) are not only mechanically soft but are also capable of smooth harmonic motions, thanks to global coordination and the individual sensing and control of local tissues. Despite improvements in structural designs, few soft robot control frameworks for global object‐oriented behaviors are reported. Such a framework will require the use of multiple segments, with local sensing and independent control using coordinated policies. Here, a class of reinforcement learning based control frameworks for soft robots (with high degrees of freedom) is presented, and their ability to conduct global tasks is demonstrated. Coordinated control policies are formulated to control multiple segments with independently controllable embedded actuators, based on localized proprioceptive self‐sensing capabilities. The control frameworks are employed to develop soft physical robots. Demonstrations and experiments include the forward and backward locomotion of multichannel soft robotic flatworms. This approach is applicable to multifunctional, high degrees of freedom soft robots, as demonstrated by experiments with light‐sensitive locomotion.
Physical Reservoir Computing Based on Nanoscale Materials and Devices
Authors: Qi Zhiying , Mi Linjie , Qian Haoran , Zheng Weiguo , Guo Yao , Chai Yang
Published: September 2023

Bioinspired computation systems can achieve artificial intelligence, bypassing fundamental bottlenecks and cost constraints. Computational frameworks suited for temporal/sequential data processing such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) suffer from problems of high complexity and low efficiency. Physical systems assembled with nanoscale materials and devices represent as an alternative route to serve as the core component for physically implanted reservoir computing. In this review, an overview of the development of the paradigm of physical reservoir computing (PRC) is provided and the typical physical reservoirs constructed with nanomaterials and nanodevices are described. The physical reservoirs based on multiple nanomaterials overcome the problems of RNN, show strong robustness, and effectively deal with tasks with improved reliability and availability. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of nanomaterial and nanodevice‐based PRC as a component of next‐generation machine learning systems are discussed.
Largely Promoted Mechano‐Electrochemical Coupling Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Introducing Hydrogen Bonds‐Rich Network
Authors: Ye Yuning , Zhu Xiaogang , Meng Nan , Lian Fang
Published: August 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and their composites are the most promising spices to access the commercial application in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, where definite requirements for SPEs should be satisfied including moderate mechanical strength, high Li‐ion conductivity, and stable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, polyurethane‐based polymer (PNPU) is designed to further construct the hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (named as PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP) with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) for high energy density solid‐state lithium metal batteries. The theoretical calculation and characterization demonstrate that PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs still maintain the multiple hydrogen bonding modes of PNPU, which contributes a significantly improved mechanical properties of the polymer membrane with compact structure. Moreover, it is corroborated that PNPU is involved to form the double Li+ transport paths in the hybrid electrolyte, accelerating the migration of lithium ions. Therefore, PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs are achieved with suitable tensile strength of 5.16 MPa and high elongation of 140.8%, high ambient ionic conductivity of 4.13 × 10−4 S cm−1, excellent ductile, and stability on the interface of lithium metal anode. The Li/ LiFePO4 and Li/Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 solid‐state batteries using PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs present a stable cycling performance at 30 °C. This study provides a feasible strategy to achieve mechano‐electrochemical coupling stable SPEs for solid‐state batteries.