bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika terhadap Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur sebagai Media dalam Penyampaian Konsep Geometri
Authors: Soebagyo Joko , Haya Aqiela Fadia
Published: October 2024

Etnomatematika dapat menjadi penghubung antara pembelajaran matematika sekolah dengan kebudayaan sehari-hari. Konsep matematika pada artefak budaya dapat dijadikan media pembelajaran sehingga peserta didik mendapatkan dua atau lebih pengetahuan sekaligus, minimal budaya dan matematika. Kota Jakarta memiliki salah satu bangunan bersejarah, yaitu Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur yang sudah berdiri sejak tahun 1840. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi etnomatematika pada struktur bangunan Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media penyampaian konsep matematika khususnya konsep geometri. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis etnografi digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep matematika pada Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder, di mana teknik pengumpulannya melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur bangunan Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur sebagian besar terdapat etnomatematika pada konsep geometri seperti persegi, trapesium, segitiga siku-siku, tabung, prisma, translasi, rotasi, setengah lingkaran, persegi panjang, refleksi, limas, balok, dilatasi, jajar genjang, bola, belah ketupat, lingkaran.  Konsep matematika tersebut diantaranya berasal dari pintu utama masjid, jendela masjid, tiang penyangga, bagian tempat wudhu, pagar masjid menunjukkan konsep geometri bangun ruang, bangun datar dan transformasi.Kata Kunci: Etnomatematika, Geometri, Masjid Jami Cikini Al-Ma’mur
Matrix Space: Desain Permainan Ular Tangga berbasis Model Pembelajaran VAK
Authors: Mubaraq Ziady , Junaeti Enjun , Rahman Eka Fitrajaya , Prabawa Harsa Wara , Wihardi Yaya
Published: October 2024

Efisiensi, peningkatan kualitas, dan transformasi diidentifikasi sebagai potensi keunggulan dalam pemanfaatan teknologi untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran dan pengajaran. Potensi ini menarik para peneliti untuk mengembangkan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Namun, terdapat beberapa permasalahan terkait jenis intervensi teknologi, pendekatan pencapaian pemahaman, dan pembuktian efektivitasnya yang memerlukan pemikiran yang lebih mendalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengimplementasikan konsep permainan ular tangga dalam perancangan media pembelajaran Sistem Persamaan Linier. Desain dan pengembangan multimedia ini didasarkan pada tahapan model pembelajaran VAK dengan menggunakan framework ADDIE, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ekstrapolasi mahasiswa Pendidikan Ilmu Komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutimedia yang dibangun mampu meningkatkan pemahaman ekstrapolasi mahasiswa secara significan. Sehingga multimedia layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran Sistem Persamaan Linier.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran VAK, permainan ular tangga, pemahaman ekstrapolasi, Sistem Persamaan Linier.
Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Litersi Matematika Siswa
Authors: Huda Nuril , Khotimah Nur
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk meningkatkan literasi matematika pada siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dengan 4 tahapan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas XI MIPA 4 MAN 1 Gresik yang berjumlah 31 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan tes. Observasi dilaksanakan untuk mengamati aktivitas peserta didik di dalam kelas selama pembelajaran berlangsung. Tes digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data terhadap kemampuan literasi matematika siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian dideskripsikan untuk memberi gambaran proses yang dilaksanakan. Kemudian nilai siswa dibandingkan antara nilai pada siklus I dengan nilai pada siklus II. Peningkatan yang terjadi pada siklus I tingkat kemampuan literasi matematika siswa masih berada di bawah 50, dan pada siklus II tingkat kemampuan literasi matematika siswa adalah 75% secara berkelompok dan 81% berdasarkan tes pada masing-masing siswa. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematika siswa kelas XI di MAN 1 Gresik.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Materi Limit Fungsi Trigonometri
Authors: Vantika Sandy , Sukardi Sukardi , Afifi Fakhrunnisa Cahya , Sudarmono Sudarmono , Dewi Vini Komala
Published: October 2024

Limit fungsi trigonometri merupakan salah satu materi matematika yang sulit dipahami oleh siswa. Sementara itu, pembelajaran berbasis proyek menjadi model pembelajaran yang direkomendasikan menjelang pelaksanaan Kurikulum Merdeka secara holistik. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, khususnya pada materi limit fungsi trigonometri sesuai dengan silabus Kurikulum 2013. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 34 orang siswa kelas XII tahun ajaran 2021/2022, yaitu siswa yang menerima pembelajaran konvensional (sebagai anggota kelompok kontrol), dan 33 orang siswa kelas XII tahun ajaran 2022/2023, yaitu siswa yang menerima pembelajaran berbasis proyek (sebagai anggota kelompok perlakuan) yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik penyampelan acak sederhana, di SMA Santo Paulus Pontianak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengaruh pelaksanaan berbasis proyek terhadap prestasi belajar siswa dapat diketahui dengan membandingkan nilai rata-rata penilaian tengah semester ganjil yang diperoleh siswa pada dua angkatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap prestasi belajar siswa yang terukur dari diperolehnya nilai statistik-t sebesar -2,0541 (nilai-p sebesar 0,04421). Secara spesifik, nilai rata-rata penilaian tengah semester siswa yang menerima pembelajaran berbasis proyek lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa yang menerima pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, khususnya pada materi limit fungsi trigonometri, sehingga dapat menjadi model pembelajaran yang direkomendasikan dalam rangka menyongsong Kurikulum Merdeka.
Profil Penyelesaian Soal Geometri Analitik Datar Mahasiswa Camper Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif
Authors: Guci Ammar Abdullah Joni , Ismaimuza Dasa - , Lefrida Rita -
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh deskripsi tentang profil penyelesaian soal geometri analitik datar mahasiswa Camper Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Universitas Tadulako. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang didasarkan pada kategori Adversity Quotient dan Gaya Kognitif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil Penyelesaian Soal Geometri Analitik Datar Mahasiswa AQ Camper bergaya Kognitif Field Independent (FI) belum bisa menyelesaikan Soal dengan sempurna. Berdasarkan hasil analisis disimpulkan bahwa pada penyelesaian Soal tes Geometri Analitik Datar Mahasiswa menuliskan dan menyebutkan apa yang di butuhkan untuk menyelesaikan soal tanpa terpengaruh dengan lingkungan sekitarnya serta cenderung memerhatikan sesuatu langkah demi langkah atau bagian perbagian bekerja dengan terstruktur walaupun belum dapat menyelesaikan soal dengan sempurna. profil Penyelesaian Soal Geometri Analitik Datar Mahasiswa AQ Camper bergaya Kognitif Field Independent (FI) juga belum bisa menyelesaikan Soal dengan sempurna. Berdasarkan hasil analisis di atas disimpulkan bahwa pada penyelesaian Soal tes Geometri Analitik Datar Mahasiswa menuliskan informasi yang ada pada tes soal namun belum dapat menyebutkan apa yang di butuhkan untuk menyelesaikan soal dan masih terpengaruh dengan lingkungan sekitarnya serta belum bisa memerhatikan sesuatu langkah demi langkah atau bagian perbagian bekerja belum terstruktur dan belum dapat menyelesaikan soal dengan sempurna.
Konsep Aljabar pada Budaya Haroa Masyarakat Buton dan Pengintegrasiannya dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Sardin Sardin , Rosjanuardi Rizky
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi unsur ethnomatematika dalam prosesi haroa Maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW pada masyarakat Buton. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Tahapan penelitian etnografi yakni memilih masalah, meninjau literatur, merancang penelitian, mengumpulkan data, menganalisis data, menafsirkan temuan, membuat kesimpulan, dan menulis laporan. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode triangulasi. Suatu analisis kualitatif yang fokus pada pemahaman mendalam tentang pengalaman subjektif individu terkait dengan budaya haroa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat unsur ethnomatematika konsep aljabar melalui budaya haroa yang dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam pembelajaran matematika di antaranya konsep himpunan, pemetaan, pemetaan injektif, pemetaan surjektif, pemetaan bijektif, operasi pada himpunan, modulo 4, basis dari grup, dan homomorfisma grup. Konsep-konsep tersebut sekaligus dapat mengenalkan unsur budaya haroa kepada siswa dalam rangka penguatan karakter.
Development of Blog-Based Learning Media With Sarong Context on Lines and Angles Material
Authors: Andita Sintia , Syutaridho Syutaridho , Nizar Harisman
Published: October 2024

This study aims to produce learning media based on blogs with the context of covers on lines and angles material using the PMRI approach which was valid, practical and has a potential effect on the ability to understand mathematical concepts in class VII students of SMP LTI IGM Palembang. The research method used was the development research method using the Tessmer flow (1993) which consists of the preliminary stage (preparation and design stages) and the formative evaluation stage, namely self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group and field tests). Data collection was carried out using validation sheets, questionnaires, interviews and tests. From the results of the study it was concluded that the blog-based mathematics learning media developed was qualitatively valid in terms of comments and suggestions from the validator, besides that quantitatively the percentage of validity was 4.129 and practically both qualitatively and quantitatively by looking at the comments and suggestions it was stated that blog-based learning media was practically used and the result of the analysis of the practical average of the questionnaire calculation is 76.263. Then the results of a high potential effect on students' conceptual understanding abilities with an average of 82.033.
Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Lectora Inspire Pada Materi Trigonometri Kelas X Di SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman
Authors: Karim Sri Rahayu , Abbas Nurhayati , Pauweni Khardiyawan A.Y
Published: October 2024

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan multimedia interaktif pada materi trigonometri untuk kelas X SMK Semester Genap. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Penelitian pengembangan ini mengikuti model pengembangan four-D Model Thiagarajan, Semmel dan Semmel terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu Define, Design, Develop dan Disseminate. Hasil validasi yang diperoleh dari 3 ahli media dan 3 ahli materi adalah 89.8% dan 83.93% dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid Digunakan”. Kelayakan media diperoleh melalui hasil uji keterbacaan media oleh 5 orang siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman 82.32%, dengan kriteria “Sangat Layak Digunakan”. Kepraktisan media diperoleh melalui angket respon siswa dan guru matematika SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman terhadap multimedia interaktif berbasis lectora inspire. Hasil angket respon siswa kelas X AKL SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman 90.87%, Hasil angket respon guru matematika SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman 95.8%, dengan kriteria “Sangat Praktis Digunakan”. Kesimpulan bahwa multimedia interaktif berbasis lectora inspire valid, layak, dan praktis digunakan pada materi trigonometri kelas X.Kata Kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, Lectora Inspire, Trigonometri.This study aims to produce interactive multimedia on trigonometry material for grade X students in vocational high school in the even semester. This research uses Research and Development (R&D) model. This development research follows the Thiagarajan, Semmel, and Semmel four-D development model consisting of four stages, namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. The validation results obtained from 3 media experts and 3 material experts were 89.8% and 83.93%, with the "Very Valid Used" criteria. The eligibility of the media was obtained through the results of the media readability test by 5 students of grade X at SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman of 82.32% with "Very Suitable for Use" criteria. The practicality of the media was obtained through a questionnaire on the responses of students and mathematics teachers at vocational high school Negeri 1 Paguyaman to interactive multimedia based on lectora inspire. The results of the response questionnaire of grade X AKL students at SMK Negeri Paguyaman were 90.87%. The results of the questionnaire of mathematics teachers at SMK Negeri 1 Paguyaman were 95.8%, with the "Very Practical to Use" criteria. In conclusion, the interactive multimedia based on lectora inspire is valid, feasible, and practical for class X on trigonometry material.Keywords: Interactive Multimedia, Lectora Inspire, Trigonometry.
Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbantuan Aplikasi Filmora Pada Materi Persamaan Kuadrat Kelas IX
Authors: Putri Dewi Tarisa , Isa Dewi Rahmawaty , Takaendengan Bertu Rianto
Published: October 2024

AbstrakTujuan dari peneIitian ini adaIah untuk mengembangkan video pembelajaran interaktif berbantuan aplikasi filmora pada materi persamaan kuadrat kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Dulupi. PeneIitian pengembangan ini menggunakan metode Research and DeveIopment (R&D) dan modeI 4-D (Four D Model) yang memiIiki empat tahapan yaitu Define, Design, Develop dan Desiminate. Melalui tahapan 4-D dihasilkan media pembelajaran interaktif dengan hasil analisis pada tahap uji ahli dengan hasil validasi ahli media dan ahli materi memperoleh rata-rata persentase 81,30% yang dikategorikan "Sangat Valid Digunakan". Kelayakan media diperoleh melalui hasil uji keterbacaan media oleh 6 orang siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Dulupi 90,53%, dengan kriteria “Sangat Layak Digunakan”. Kepraktisan media diperoleh melalui angket respon siswa dan guru matematika SMP Negeri 1 Dulupi terhadap video pebeIajaran interaktif berbantuan aplikasi filmora. Hasil angket respon siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Dulupi 93,47 % , hasil angket respon guru matematika SMP Negeri 1 Dulupi 80,35% dengan kriteria “Sangat Praktis Digunakan”. Kesimpulan bahwa video pebeIajaran interaktif berbantuan aplikasi filmora valid, layak, dan praktis untuk dapat diimplementasikan atau digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas.Kata Kunci: Video Interaktif, Filmora, Persamaan Kuadrat.
Kaempferol enhances intestinal repair and inhibits the hyperproliferation of aging intestinal stem cells in Drosophila
Authors: Zhao Liusha , Luo Ting , Zhang Hong , Fan Xinxin , Zhang Qiaoqiao , Chen Haiyang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for tissue repair and homeostasis because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate. However, their functionality declines significantly with age, resulting in reduced tissue regeneration and a higher risk of age-related diseases. Addressing this decline in ISC performance during aging presents a substantial challenge. The specific impact of nutrients or dietary elements on ISC adaptive resizing is urgent to explore.

Methods

Drosophila ISCs are an ideal model for studying development and aging because of their genetic richness, ease of manipulation, and similarity to mammalian tissues. As the primary mitotically active cells in the Drosophila gut, ISCs are flexible in response to dietary and stress signals. Manipulating signaling pathways or dietary restrictions has shown promise in regulating ISC functions and extending lifespan in flies, these approaches face broader applications for aging research.

Results

Kaempferol is well-regarded for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer effects. However, its impacts on ISCs and the associated mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Our findings indicate that Kaempferol accelerates gut recovery after damage and improves the organism’s stress tolerance. Moreover, Kaempferol suppresses the hyperproliferation of aging ISCs in Drosophila. Further investigation revealed that the regulatory effects of Kaempferol on ISCs are mediated through the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in aging flies and the modulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via ER-stress pathways. Furthermore, Kaempferol exerts regulatory effects on the insulin signaling pathway, thereby contributing to the attenuation of ISC senescence.

Discussion

This study reveals that Kaempferol promotes intestinal homeostasis and longevity in aging flies by targeting ER stress and insulin signaling pathways, though the exact molecular mechanisms require further exploration. Future research will aim to dissect the downstream signaling events involved in these pathways to better understand how Kaempferol exerts its protective effects at the molecular level.
P-wave terminal force in lead V1 is associated with recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and normal left atrial size
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wang Binhao , Yang Yiheng , Yang Xiaolei , Che Ying , Xia Yunlong
Published: October 2024

Background

A previous investigation reported that an abnormal P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) is a marker for electrical remodeling of the left atrium (LA). We aimed to assess the relationship of PTFV1 with LA tachyarrhythmia (LATA) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and normal LA size.

Methods

Patients with PAF and normal LA size (LA volume index < 34 ml/m2) who underwent RFCA were consecutively included between January 2018 and December 2020 and divided into two groups based on the presence (recurrence group) or absence (nonrecurrence group) of LATA recurrence. PTFV1 was measured according to preprocedural electrocardiography. The association between PTFV1 and the recurrence of LATA was investigated.

Results

A total of 385 patients were included. After a median follow-up period of 745 (467, 977) days, 109 (28.3%) patients experienced LATA recurrence. PTFV1 was greater in the recurrence group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for PTFV1 per 1,000 μV*ms increase and PTFV1 > 4,000 μV*ms were 1.22 (1.13–1.32, p < 0.001) and 2.32 (1.54–3.48, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

PTFV1 is an independent predictor for LATA recurrence after RFCA in patients with PAF and normal LA size.
Prognostic value of the left ventricular ejection fraction reserve acquired by gated myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients with CAD and reduced stress LVEF
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Meng Jingjing , Zhou Yihan , Lv Lijun , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) strongly predicts cardiac events. However, conflicting findings exist regarding the prognostic value of the LVEF reserve (ΔLVEF) when measured by gated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT G-MPI). In particular, data related to the prognostic value of ΔLVEF when measured by SPECT in patients with reduced LVEF are scarce. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of ΔLVEF when acquired by SPECT G-MPI in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and a LVEFStress < 60%.

Methods

We retrospectively recruited 260 consecutive patients diagnosed with CAD by coronary angiography (CAG) and a LVEFStress < 60%, as determined by SPECT G-MPI. These patients were followed up for 33.4 ± 7.6 months. The patients were divided into two groups (ΔLVEF > 0% and ΔLVEF ≤ 0%), and survival analyses were conducted. The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unplanned coronary revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina.

Results

We observed 69 MACEs (26.5%). The cumulative incidence of MACEs in patients with ΔLVEF ≤ 0% was significantly higher than in patients with ΔLVEF > 0% (P = 0.042). Multivariate Cox regression further revealed that a ΔLVEF ≤ 0% represented an independent predictor of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.276; 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.006, 1.618), P = 0.045). Adding a ΔLVEF ≤ 0% to traditional myocardial perfusion and function variables evaluated by MPI significantly improved the ability to predict MACEs (P = 0.044).

Conclusions

Determining ΔLVEF by SPECT G-MPI was associated with MACEs and improved risk stratification compared to prediction models based on traditional perfusion and functional parameters in CAD patients with left ventricular dysfunction, particularly those with no or mild myocardial ischemia.
Protective effects of arecanut seed phenols in retinoic acid induced osteoporosis and the potential mechanisms explored by network pharmacology
Authors: Tang Min-min , Sun Li-ping , Song Fei , Chen Hua
Published: October 2024

Background

Arecanut seed is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. It has been presented in a clinical formula to treat osteoporosis (OP) in China. Arecanut seed is abundant in phenols. However, most of current studies mainly focused on estrogen-deficient osteoporosis (OP) model of arecanut seed phenols (ASP), there is still a lack of roundly research about molecular mechanism of ASP therapy on OP and its influence on in drug-induced bone loss.

Materials and methods

To explore potential molecular mechanisms and the effects of ASP on OP, network pharmacology, molecular docking methods and a retinoic acid-induced OP rat model were employed in this study. According to the network pharmacology method, OP related targets and ASP compound related targets were collected from databases to obtain hub targets and top active chemicals in ASP treating OP. The potential therapic pathways were also calculated. Binding capacities of top active chemicals to hub targets were analyzed by molecular dock assay. In the animal experiment, osteocalcin (OCN) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in serum of all the rats were determined. The views of bone section were stained to observe the bone micro-structure of ASP affects. Bone mineral density (BMD), cortical bone thickness (CBT), area ratio of bone cortex (CAR) and area ratio of bone trabecula (TAR) were obtained from micro computed tomography to evaluate the effectiveness of ASP on bone loss.

Conclusion

Three hub genes and three top active compounds were screened by network pharmacology analysis and they combined well with each other. ASP had positive effects on alleviating RA-induced bone loss by regulating the expression of the hub genes. Signals in IL-17 pathway were predicted and primarily verified being potential targets in ASP treating OP.
Load frequency optimal control of the hydropower-photovoltaic hybrid microgrid system based on the off-policy integral reinforcement learning algorithm
Authors: Wang Enzhong , Yuan Lin , Zeng Fanfei , Liu Xiaoheng , Liu Jiannan , Sun Lingfang , Zhuang Min
Published: October 2024

With the promotion and development of clean energy, it is challenging to ensure the optimization of control performance in frequency control of the hydropower-photovoltaic hybrid microgrid system caused by the output power fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation. In this study, an optimal load frequency controller (LFC) for a hydropower-photovoltaic hybrid microgrid system was designed to improve the dynamic response when the load and photovoltaic output power are perturbed based on the off-policy integral reinforcement learning algorithm. First, a mechanism model of the hydropower-photovoltaic hybrid microgrid system was established. Next, the LFC problem was transformed into a zero-sum game control problem based on the characteristics of the power system. Subsequently, three neural networks were employed to approximate the Nash equilibrium solution of the zero-sum game with historical input and output data when the system dynamics are completely unknown. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness and optimality of the proposed method. The introduction of this method provides a new perspective for frequency control for the hydropower-photovoltaic hybrid microgrid system.
High-resolution ocean color reconstruction and analysis focusing on Kd490 via machine learning model integration of MODIS and Sentinel-2 (MSI)
Authors: Yang Yulin , Wang Ziyao , Chen Peng , Shen Xue , Kong Wei , Huang Genghua , Shu Rong
Published: October 2024

Oceanic water quality monitoring is essential for environmental protection, resource management, and ecosystem vitality. Optical remote sensing from space plays a pivotal role in global surveillance of oceanic water quality. However, the spatial resolution of current ocean color data products falls short of scrutinizing intricate small-scale marine features. This study introduces a hybrid model that fuses MODIS (Moderate Resolution lmaging Spectroradiometer) ocean color products with Sentinel-2 ‘s remote sensing reflectance data to generate high-resolution ocean color imagery, specifically investigating the diffuse attenuation coefficient at a wavelength of 490 nm (Kd490). To address the intricacies of coastal environments, we propose two complementary strategies to improve the accuracy of inversion. The first strategy leverages MODIS ocean color products alongside a geographic segmentation model to perform distinct inversions for separate marine zones, enhancing spatial resolution and specificity in coastal regions. The second strategy bolsters model interpretability during training by integrating predictions from conventional physical models into a Random Forest-based Regression Ensemble (RFRE) model. This study focuses on the coastal regions surrounding the Beibu Gulf, near Hainan Island in China. Our findings exhibit a strong concordance with MODIS products, achieving a monthly average coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.90, peaking at 0.97, and sustaining a monthly average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of less than 0.02. These results substantiate the model’s efficacy. Moreover, the annual trend analysis and localized assessment of the reconstructed Kd490 offer nuanced insights that surpass MODIS data, establishing a robust foundation for high-resolution water quality monitoring in coastal zones.
Current methodologies available to evaluate the virulence potential among Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes
Authors: Sousa Mariana , Magalhães Rui , Ferreira Vânia , Teixeira Paula
Published: October 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans, the severity of which depends on multiple factors, including intrinsic characteristics of the affected individuals and the pathogen itself. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications may also modulate host susceptibility to infection. Therefore, different clinical outcomes can be expected, ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to severe central nervous system and maternal-neonatal infections, and bacteremia. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes is a genetically and phenotypically diverse species, resulting in a large variation in virulence potential between strains. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been widely used to categorize the clonal structure of bacterial species and to define clonal complexes (CCs) of genetically related isolates. The combination of MLST and epidemiological data allows to distinguish hypervirulent CCs, which are notably more prevalent in clinical cases and typically associated with severe forms of the disease. Conversely, other CCs, termed hypovirulent, are predominantly isolated from food and food processing environments and are associated with the occurrence of listeriosis in immunosuppressed individuals. Reports of genetic traits associated with this diversity have been described. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is encouraging the search for virulence biomarkers to rapidly identify the main strains of concern to reduce food waste and economical losses. The aim of this review is to comprehensively collect, describe and discuss the methodologies used to discriminate the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes CCs. From the exploration of in vitro and in vivo models to the study of expression of virulence genes, each approach is critically explored to better understand its applicability and efficiency in distinguishing the virulence potential of the pathogen.
Towards harmonized laboratory methodologies in veterinary clinical bacteriology: outcomes of a European survey
Authors: Koritnik Tom , Cvetkovikj Iskra , Zendri Flavia , Blum Shlomo Eduardo , Chaintoutis Serafeim Christos , Kopp Peter A. , Hare Cassia , Štritof Zrinka , Kittl Sonja , Gonçalves José , Zdovc Irena , Paulshus Erik , Laconi Andrea , Singleton David , Allerton Fergus , Broens Els M. , Damborg Peter , Timofte Dorina
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Veterinary clinical microbiology laboratories play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevention of healthcare associated-infections. However, there is a shortage of international harmonized guidelines covering all steps of veterinary bacterial culture from sample receipt to reporting.

Methods

In order to gain insights, the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT) designed an online survey focused on the practices and interpretive criteria used for bacterial culture and identification (C&ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of animal bacterial pathogens.

Results

A total of 241 microbiology laboratories in 34 European countries completed the survey, representing a mixture of academic (37.6%), governmental (27.4%), and private (26.5%) laboratories. The C&ID turnaround varied from 1 to 2 days (77.8%) to 3–5 days (20%), and 6– 8 days (1.6%), with similar timeframes for AST. Individual biochemical tests and analytical profile index (API) biochemical test kits or similar were the most frequent tools used for bacterial identification (77% and 56.2%, respectively), followed by PCR (46.6%) and MALDI-TOF MS (43.3%). For AST, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (DD) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were conducted by 43.8% and 32.6% of laboratories, respectively, with a combination of EUCAST and CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs) preferred for interpretation of the DD (41.2%) and MIC (47.6%) results. In the absence of specific CBPs, laboratories used human CBPs (53.3%) or veterinary CBPs representing another body site, organism or animal species (51.5%). Importantly, most laboratories (47.9%) only report the qualitative interpretation of the result (S, R, and I). As regards testing for AMR mechanisms, 48.5% and 46.7% of laboratories routinely screened isolates for methicillin resistance and ESBL production, respectively. Notably, selective reporting of AST results (i.e. excluding highest priority critically important antimicrobials from AST reports) was adopted by 39.5% of laboratories despite a similar proportion not taking any approach (37.6%) to guide clinicians towards narrower-spectrum or first-line antibiotics.

Discussion

In conclusion, we identified a broad variety of methodologies and interpretative criteria used for C&ID and AST in European veterinary microbiological diagnostic laboratories. The observed gaps in veterinary microbiology practices emphasize a need to improve and harmonize professional training, innovation, bacterial culture methods and interpretation, AMR surveillance and reporting strategies.
Meta-analysis of the Vmp-like sequences of Lyme disease Borrelia: evidence for the evolution of an elaborate antigenic variation system
Authors: Norris Steven J. , Brangulis Kalvis
Published: October 2024

VMP-like sequence (vls) antigenic variation systems are present in every Lyme disease Borrelia strain with complete genome sequences. The linear plasmid-encoded vls system consists of a single expression site (vlsE) and contiguous array(s) of silent cassettes that have ~90% identity with the central cassette region of the cognate vlsE gene; antigenic variation occurs through random, segmental, and unidirectional recombination of vls silent cassette sequences into the vlsE expression site. Automated annotation programs do not accurately recognize vls silent cassette sequences, so these regions are not correctly annotated in most genomic sequences. In this study, the vls sequences were re-analyzed in the genomic sequences of 31 available Lyme disease Borrelia and one relapsing fever Borrelia organisms, and this information was utilized to systematically compare the vls systems in different species and strains. In general, the results confirm the conservation of the overall architecture of the vls system, such as the head-to-head arrangement of vlsE and a contiguous series of vlsS silent cassette sequences and presence of inverted repeat sequences between the two regions. However, the data also provide evidence for the divergence of the vls silent cassette arrays through point mutations, short indels, duplication events, and rearrangements. The probable occurrence of convergent evolution toward a vls system-like locus is exemplified by Borrelia turcica, a variable large protein (Vlp) expressing organism that is a member of the relapsing fever Borrelia group.
Incorporating platelet-to-white blood cell ratio into survival prediction models for intracerebral hemorrhage: a nomogram approach
Authors: Xu Jiake , Wang Xing , Chen Wei , Tian Meng , You Chao
Published: October 2024

Background

Predicting long-term survival in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is crucial. This study aimed to develop a platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) incorporated nomogram for long-term survival prediction.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,728 ICH patients in the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database. The independent prognostic value of PWR for 1-year mortality was assessed. A nomogram was developed using LASSO and Cox regression to predict 1-year survival, incorporating PWR and other factors. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated through calibration curves, area under the curve, Delong test, net reclassification index, integrated discrimination improvement, and decision curve analysis.

Results

The nomogram, which included age, weight, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, mechanical ventilation, glucose, red blood cell (RBC) count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and PWR, showed good predictive performance for 1-year survival. The C-index was 0.736 (95% CI = 0.716–0.756) for the training set and 0.766 (95% CI = 0.735–0.797) for the testing set. Higher age and ventilation increased mortality risk, while higher weight, GCS score, RBC count, and PWR decreased risk. The nomogram outperformed conventional scores.

Conclusions

A nomogram incorporating PWR as a prognostic factor accurately predicts long-term survival in ICH patients. However, validation in large-scale multicenter studies and further exploration of biomarkers are needed.
Supplementary motor area is deactivated during mental rotation tasks with biomechanical constraints in fMRI
Authors: Nomura Makoto , Koeda Michihiko , Ikeda Yumiko , Tateno Amane , Arakawa Ryosuke , Aoyagi Yoichiro
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Mental rotation (MR) tasks of body parts involve anatomically interconnected brain systems. The systems are implicated in sensorimotor information integration and activate cortical motor-related areas, corresponding to the execution of similar motor tasks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of varying the angle in the hand MR task on cerebral activation of the motor-related areas.

Methods

Twenty healthy right-handed participants were recruited. We investigated cerebral activation while each participant decided whether a hand-palm image, rotated by 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, was a right or left hand.

Results and discussion

A significant negative correlation between the angle and brain activity was observed in the right and left supplementary motor area (SMA) and right posterior anterior cingulate gyrus. The SMA was inactivated with 180°- or 270°-rotated images in the regions of interest analysis. 180°- and 270°-rotated palms would be biomechanically difficult to position; thus, SMA deactivation may be closely associated with biomechanical constraints. This study provided novel findings regarding the neurophysiological mechanisms of motor imagery and may be useful in developing treatment plans using MR tasks during patient rehabilitation.
Evaluation of inflammatory hyperreflective foci and plasma EPA as diagnostic and predictive markers for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wan Zhongqi , Wu Yan , Shen Tianyi , Hu Chengyu , Lin Ruoyi , Ren Chengda , Yu Donghui , Li Tingting , Zhu Meijiang , Cai Wenting , Yu Jing
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To detect the plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) concentrations in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and healthy controls. Additionally, advanced studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between PUFAs concentrations and ophthalmological characteristics, including hyperreflective foci (HRF), visual acuity, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) response in patients with AMD.

Methods

This prospective, single-site study recruited a total of 315 participants, consisting of 105 individuals with dry AMD (early-stage AMD group), 105 individuals with neovascular AMD (late-stage AMD group), and 105 elderly individuals without any fundus diseases (healthy controls). The levels of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in plasma were detected using gas chromatography. Retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and macular volume were quantified using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scan with a 6 × 6 mm macular area, and the amounts of HRF were analyzed with OCTA scanning data.

Results

Compared to the control group, AMD patients exhibited significantly lower plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha linolenic acid. HRF were observed in various retinal layers of AMD patients, particularly those with late-stage AMD. The correlation coefficient matrix and multiple linear regression models demonstrated that HRF played a crucial role in best corrected visual acuity for both early (p < 0.001) and late-stage AMD patients (p = 0.006), while EPA had an inverse effect on the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) value in patients with early-stage AMD (p < 0.001). As compared to patients with good responses to anti-VEGF therapy, those with poor responses had significantly lower baseline logMAR (p < 0.001), central retina thickness (p = 0.002), macular volume (p = 0.027), HRF (p = 0.024), and plasma EPA (p < 0.001). This study used a ROC curve analysis to identify the combination of HRF and EPA as a potential biomarker for predicting the response to anti-VEGF treatment in late-stage AMD patients, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.775.

Conclusions

Reduced plasma EPA was detected in AMD cases and the lower EPA concentration was related to poorer visual acuity. Additionally, the quantity of HRF combined with concentration of plasma EPA may serve as the prognostic indicator for predicting the effect of anti-VEGF treatment in late-stage AMD patients.
The role of algae, fungi, and insect-derived proteins and bioactive peptides in preventive and clinical nutrition
Authors: Yimam Mohammed Ahmed , Andreini Martina , Carnevale Sara , Muscaritoli Maurizio
Published: October 2024

The current global trend in the nutrition, epidemiologic and demographic transitions collectively alarms the need to pursue a sustainable protein diet that respects ecosystem and biodiversity from alternative sources, such as algae, fungi and edible insects. Then, changing the nutrition reality is extremely important to impede the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition and climate change. This review aims to synthesize the published literature on the potential roles of alternative proteins and their derived bioactive peptides in preventive and clinical nutrition, identify research gaps and inform future research areas. Google Scholar and PubMed databases from their inception up to 30 June 2024 were searched using keywords to access pertinent articles published in English language for the review. Overall, proteins derived from algae, fungi, and edible insects are high-quality proteins as animal sources and demonstrate significant potential as a sustainable source of bioactive peptides, which are metabolically potent and have negligible adverse effects. They show promise to prevent and treat diseases associated with oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease (especially hypertension), and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the abundance of algae, fungi and insect peptides performed in vitro or in vivo animals, further clinical studies are needed to fully establish their safety, efficacy and practical application in preventive and clinical nutrition. Additionally, social and behavioral change communication strategies would be important to increase health awareness of nutritional benefits and promote consumer acceptance of alternative protein sources.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: prospective observational study
Authors: Wang Youquan , Li Yanhua , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Huimei , Li Yuting , Zhang Liying , Zhang Chaoyang , Gao Meng , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Dong
Published: October 2024

Objective

Developing and validating a clinical prediction nomogram of 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).

Methods

Firstly, the construction of a clinical prediction model was developed using data obtained from a prospective observational study from May 2023 to April 2024. Then, data from a prospective multicenter observational study conducted in the intensive care units of 12 teaching hospitals in 2014 were utilized to independently and externally validate the clinical prediction model developed in the first part. We first screened the covariates of the development cohort by univariate cox regression, and then carried out cox regression analysis on the development cohort by backward stepwise regression to determine the optimal fitting model. Subsequently, a nomogram was derived from this model.

Results

A total of 1102 and 379 patients, 28-day mortality occurred in 20.3% and 15.8% of patients respectively, were included in the development and validation cohort, respectively. We developed a nomogram in critically ill patients with AGI and the AGI grade, APACHE II score, Mechanical ventilation (MV), Feeding intolerance (FI) and daily calorie intake (DCI) in 72 h, were independent predictors of 28-day mortality, with the OR of the AGI grade was 1.910 (95% CI, 1.588–2.298; P < 0.001), the OR of APACHE II score was 1.099 (95% CI, 1.069–1.130; P < 0.001), the OR of MV was 1.880 (95% CI, 1.215–2.911; P = 0.005), the OR of FI was 3.453 (95% CI, 2.414–4.939; P < 0.001) and the DCI > 0.7 or < 0.5 of calorie target is associated with increased 28-day mortality, with OR of 1.566 (95% CI, 1.024–2.395; P = 0.039) and 1.769 (95% CI, 1.170–2.674; P = 0.007), respectively. Independent external validation of the prediction model was performed. This model has good discrimination and calibration. The DCA and CIC also validated the good clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusion

The prediction of 28-day mortality can be conveniently facilitated by the nomogram that integrates AGI grade, APACHE II score, MV, FI and DCI in 72 h in critically ill patients with AGI.
Tobacco- and alcohol-attributable burden of early-onset lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, with projections to 2040
Authors: Dai Xingzhu , Liang Yuanhao
Published: October 2024

Background

Rising trends in early-onset Lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and Other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) burden had been observed. This study aimed to evaluate the burdens of LOC and OPC attributable to tobacco and alcohol in young adults aged 15-49 years from 1990 to 2040.

Methods

Tobacco- and alcohol-attributable death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for LOC and OPC and the corresponding population-attributable fraction were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 for individuals aged 15-49 years. Estimated annual percent change was calculated to quantify the temporal trend of disease burden between 1990 and 2019. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the age-standardized mortality rate from 2020 to 2040.

Results

In 2019, an estimated 16,887 deaths and 799,495 DALYs for tobacco- and alcohol-attributable early-onset LOC, and 8,402 deaths and 386,418 DALYs for early-onset OPC attributable to tobacco and alcohol were reported globally. Despite the global decrease in age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates of tobacco- and alcohol-attributable LOC and OPC in young adults aged 15-49 years between 1990 and 2019, certain regions experienced increases, such as regions of Asia, Eastern Europe, and Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, a growing age-standardized mortality in individuals aged <34 years was found. The socio-demographic index level was positively associated with a faster reduction of early-onset LOC and OPC DALYs attributable to alcohol use and smoking, except for that due to chewing tobacco. Furthermore, projections have also indicated an expected increase in the age-standardized mortality for tobacco- and alcohol-attributable early-onset LOC and OPC.

Conclusions

Significant regional and demographic disparities in tobacco and alcohol-related early-onset LOC and OPC burden and their attributable proportion highlight a need for tailored age- and region-appropriate interventions to reduce the future LOC and OPC burden among young adults.
Long-term exposure to BAY2416964 reduces proliferation, migration and recapitulates transcriptional changes induced by AHR loss in PyMT-induced mammary tumor cells
Authors: Olafsen Ninni Elise , Das Siddhartha , Gorrini Chiara , Matthews Jason
Published: October 2024

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor which in certain cancer types drives pro-survival processes that facilitate tumorigenesis, malignant cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Much of AHR’s pro-tumorigenic action is due to its activation by the oncometabolite, kynurenine. Because of this AHR antagonists are being actively investigated as new anti-tumor therapy. In this study we compared the effects of treatment with the AHR antagonists, BAY2416964 and GNF351, to that of AHR knockout in PyMT murine mammary cancer cells. BAY2416964 and GNF351 effectively inhibited kynurenine-dependent increases in Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA levels. CRISPR/Cas9-generated PyMT AhrKO cells exhibited reduced cell proliferation compared with controls, but treatment with 1 μM BAY2416964 for 96 h had no effect on the proliferation of wildtype cells. To further examine the differences between AHR knockout and short term BAY2416964, we generated long-term BAY2416964 (LT-BAY) cells by exposing wildtype cells to 1 μM BAY2416964 for at least 6 weeks. Similar to AhrKO cells, LT-BAY cells exhibited reduced cell proliferation and migration compared with wildtype cells. No differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in wildtype cells exposed to 1 μM BAY2416964 for 24 h; however, 46.4% of DEGs overlapped between AhrKO and LT-BAY cells including gene regulated cell proliferation. Our data reveal long-term pharmacological inhibition of AHR by BAY2416964 closely resembles AHR loss in a mouse model of breast cancer.