bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural vulnerability in EPCR suggests functional modulation
Authors: Erausquin Elena , Rodríguez-Fernández Adela , Rodríguez-Lumbreras Luis Ángel , Fernández-Recio Juan , Dichiara-Rodríguez María Gilda , López-Sagaseta Jacinto
Published: January 2024

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is a fundamental component of the vascular system in mammals due to its contribution in maintaining blood in a non-prothrombotic state, which is crucial for overall life development. It accomplishes this by enhancing the conversion of protein C (PC) into the anticoagulant activated protein C (APC), with this property being dependent on a known EPCR conformation that enables direct interaction with PC/APC. In this study, we report a previously unidentified conformation of EPCR whereby Tyr154, critical for PC/APC binding, shows a striking non-canonical configuration. This unconventional form is incompatible with PC/APC binding, and reveals, for the first time, a region of structural vulnerability and potential modulation in EPCR. The identification of this malleability enhances our understanding of this receptor, prompting inquiries into the interplay between its plasticity and function, as well as its significance within the broader framework of EPCR's biology, which extends to immune conditions.
HNF4A guides the MLL4 complex to establish and maintain H3K4me1 at gene regulatory elements
Authors: Thakur Avinash , Park Kwangjin , Cullum Rebecca , Fuglerud Bettina M. , Khoshnoodi Mina , Drissler Sibyl , Stephan Tabea L. , Lotto Jeremy , Kim Donghwan , Gonzalez Frank J. , Hoodless Pamela A.
Published: January 2024

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A/NR2a1), a transcriptional regulator of hepatocyte identity, controls genes that are crucial for liver functions, primarily through binding to enhancers. In mammalian cells, active and primed enhancers are marked by monomethylation of histone 3 (H3) at lysine 4 (K4) (H3K4me1) in a cell type-specific manner. How this modification is established and maintained at enhancers in connection with transcription factors (TFs) remains unknown. Using analysis of genome-wide histone modifications, TF binding, chromatin accessibility and gene expression, we show that HNF4A is essential for an active chromatin state. Using HNF4A loss and gain of function experiments in vivo and in cell lines in vitro, we show that HNF4A affects H3K4me1, H3K27ac and chromatin accessibility, highlighting its contribution to the establishment and maintenance of a transcriptionally permissive epigenetic state. Mechanistically, HNF4A interacts with the mixed-lineage leukaemia 4 (MLL4) complex facilitating recruitment to HNF4A-bound regions. Our findings indicate that HNF4A enriches H3K4me1, H3K27ac and establishes chromatin opening at transcriptional regulatory regions.
High-fidelity intracellular imaging of multiple miRNAs via stimulus-responsive nanocarriers and catalytic hairpin assembly
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Liu Wendong , Zhang Fanghua , Wu Zhihan , Lu Haijun , Hao Zhe , Liu Yu , Li Xiyan , Zhang Ruizhong , Zhang Libing
Published: January 2024

An innovative glutathione-triggered Mn-CHP platform facilitates superior imaging of dual cancer-related miRNAs with improved cancer imaging accuracy and specificity.
Dominant red upconversion emission in LiErF4-based nanoparticles by reducing spontaneous emission of Yb3+
Authors: Liu Meijuan , Chen Ying , Zheng Xuegang , Zhao Haonan , Pan Shusheng , Liu Zhiyu , Xu Dekang , Lin Hao
Published: January 2024

The achievement of dominant red upconversion emission by reducing spontaneous emission from Yb3+.
Synthesis of energetic coordination compounds based on pyrazole and 4-chloropyrazole via co-melting crystallization method
Authors: Lu Zu-Jia , Wang Ting-Wei , Sun Mou , Xu Mei-Qi , Zhang Chao , Yi Zhen-Xin , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: January 2024

Using pyrazole, 4-chloropyrazole, Cu(NO3)2, and Cu(ClO4)2 as raw materials, the target crystals of ECCs can be directly obtained by co-melting and heating, offering a more efficient alternative to traditional solvent-based preparation methods.
Ultrasound-assisted separation and crystallization of metacetamol polymorphs
Authors: Natarajan Architha , Karuppannan Srinivasan
Published: January 2024

The nucleation control, separation and crystallization of the polymorphs of the API metacetamol from saturated aqueous solution have been achieved first time on application of different ultrasound process parameters.
Universality in interior periodic assembly of banded d-(−)-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) justified with the iridescence test
Authors: Chuang Tzu-Ching , Nagarajan Selvaraj , Su Chean-Cheng , Lee Li-Ting , Woo Eamor M.
Published: January 2024

Periodic assembly in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) crystallized at selected Tc is analyzed with microscopy 3D interior dissection. Orderly grating-arrayed lamellae in PHB display light-interfering iridescence, resembling nature's structured coloration seen in inorganic minerals or organic species.
Electron doping as a handle to increase the Curie temperature in ferrimagnetic Mn3Si2X6 (X = Se, Te)
Authors: Qiao Lei , Barone Paolo , Yang Baishun , King Phil D.C. , Ren Wei , Picozzi Silvia
Published: January 2024

The strong magnetic frustration formed by neighboring Mn ions in Mn3Si2X6 (X = Se, Te) can be reduced by electron doping, with an increased Curie temperature.
Dynamic dissolution of Cm3+ ions incorporated at the calcite–water interface: an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Chu Zhao-Qin , Zhu Ru-Yu , Su Jing
Published: January 2024

The Cm3+ ions incorporated at different surfaces of the calcite bulk have different dissolution behaviors. The Cm dissolution from a stepped surface is more favorable than that from a terrace surface, both thermodynamically and kinetically.
A kernel-based machine learning potential and quantum vibrational state analysis of the cationic Ar hydride (Ar2H+)
Authors: Montes de Oca-Estévez María Judit , Valdés Álvaro , Prosmiti Rita
Published: January 2024

A general flowchart for building up kernel-based machine-learning PES models.
Elucidating the chemical dynamics of the elementary reactions of the 1-propynyl radical (CH3CC; X2A1) with 2-methylpropene ((CH3)2CCH2; X1A1)
Authors: Medvedkov Iakov A. , Nikolayev Anatoliy A. , Yang Zhenghai , Goettl Shane J. , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: January 2024

Exploiting the crossed molecular beam technique, we studied the reaction of the 1-propynyl radical with 2-methylpropene (isobutylene) preferentially leading to trimethylvinylacetylene. This reaction is feasible in cold molecular clouds.
Impact of electron irradiation on semi-insulating and conductive β-Ga2O3 single crystals
Authors: Lv Jinpeng , Ren Lingzhe , Zhang Yubao
Published: January 2024

The damage discrepancy and defect evolution in conductive and semi-insulating β-Ga2O3 are investigated by 1 MeV electron irradiation, in combination with electrical and spectroscopy characterizations.
Penetrant-induced plasticization in microporous polymer membranes
Authors: Mizrahi Rodriguez Katherine , Lin Sharon , Wu Albert X. , Storme Kayla R. , Joo Taigyu , Grosz Aristotle F. , Roy Naksha , Syar Duha , Benedetti Francesco M. , Smith Zachary P.
Published: January 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview on the effects of plasticization on microporous polymer membranes, as well as strategies to mitigate this phenomenon for gas separation applications.
Supporting critical raw material circularity – upcycling graphite from waste LIBs to Zn–air batteries
Authors: Praats Reio , Chernyaev Alexander , Sainio Jani , Lundström Mari , Kruusenberg Ivar , Liivand Kerli
Published: January 2024

This research introduces an innovative approach to create a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst by using Li-ion battery graphite waste fraction from hydrometallurgical recycling as a raw material.
A concept of dual-responsive prodrugs based on oligomerization-controlled reactivity of ester groups: an improvement of cancer cells versus neutrophils selectivity of camptothecin
Authors: Klemt Insa , Reshetnikov Viktor , Dutta Subrata , Bila Galyna , Bilyy Rostyslav , Cuartero Itziar Cossío , Hidalgo Andrés , Wünsche Adrian , Böhm Maximilian , Wondrak Marit , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. , Tietze Rainer , Beierlein Frank , Imhof Petra , Gensberger-Reigl Sabrina , Pischetsrieder Monika , Körber Marlies , Jost Tina , Mokhir Andriy
Published: January 2024

We introduced a concept of prodrugs activated by H2O2 and mitochondrial OH−, which is applicable to camptothecin and its derivatives.
Significantly enhanced supercapacitor performance of W3Nb14O44 by introducing serine and histidine-functionalized and boron-doped graphene quantum dots
Authors: Xiaoshan Li , Ruiyi Li , Xiaohao Liu , Zaijun Li
Published: January 2024

This study reported one solution for the synthesis of a W3Nb14O44 electrode material. The multiple structure engineering constructed by special graphene quantum dot significantly improves the supercapacitor performance of W3Nb14O44.
Tailoring the electronic environment of MoSe2via cation metal doping for the enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sajjad Saman , Ke Jiawei , Du Tianheng , Wang Jiabo , Zhang Lifang , Li Yufei , He Bin , Li Tongfei , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin
Published: January 2024

A series of cation metal doped MoSe2-based catalysts with an enriched edge active sites using a straightforward one-pot hydrothermal treatment is designed.
Novel environmentally sustainable plasticizers based on ricinoleic acid for polyvinyl chloride: structure and properties
Authors: Jiang Y. Y. , Gao F. X. , Ren L. , Liu Q. , Song T. , Shen Y. D. , Du W. N. , Wang Y. B. , Zhang M. Y.
Published: January 2024

Two environmentally friendly plasticizers with different structures were synthesized based on ricinoleic acid from non-food crop sources with good plasticizing effect, migration, and volatility resistance.
The Kornblum DeLaMare rearrangement in natural product synthesis: 25 years of innovation
Authors: Kimber Marc C. , Lee Darren S.
Published: January 2024

The Kornblum DeLaMare rearrangement of alkyl peroxides has been widely adopted as a biomimetic step in natural product synthesis. From ca. 1998, its impact as a synthetic tool in natural product syntheses has grown significantly and these advances will be discussed as the focus of this review.
Controllable skeletal reorganizations in natural product synthesis
Authors: Zhang Zeliang , Qian Xiao , Gu Yucheng , Gui Jinghan
Published: January 2024

This review highlights controllable skeletal reorganization, which involves the formation, cleavage, and migration of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds, as a powerful strategy in the efficient syntheses of steroid, terpenoid and alkaloid natural products.
Transboundary transport of air pollution in eastern Canada
Authors: Stevens Robin , Poterlot Charles , Trieu Nicole , Rodriguez Henry Alejandro , Hayes Patrick L.
Published: January 2024

We combine potential source contribution function analysis with chemical transport modelling to investigate the sources of air pollution in Quebec. We find that both local sources and transport from the United States affect the air quality in Quebec.
In situ surface monitoring of energy materials during processing: impact of defect disorder on surface versus bulk semiconducting properties of photocatalytic hematite (Fe2O3)
Authors: Bak T. , StC. Black D. , Gannon P. , Gür T. M. , Jasiuk I. , Sherif S. A. , Sigmund W. M. , Nowotny J.
Published: January 2024

Rational design of surface properties of oxide semiconductors for energy conversion requires in situ surface characterization.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework derivatives as anode materials for sodium and potassium-ion batteries: a mini review
Authors: Huang Jianlin , Wu Zhenyu , Zeng Wenhai , Xu Zhaohui , Hu Lei , Wu Yongbo , Lin Xiaoming
Published: January 2024

In this review, the functions and performance of ZIF derivatives in the anode materials of SIBs and PIBs are summarized comprehensively.
One-dimensional nanotube of a metal–organic framework boosts charge separation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water: synthesis and underlying understanding
Authors: Liu Lifang , Xiao Yejun , Guo Xiangyang , Fan Wenjun , Yang Nengcong , Jia Chunmei , Jin Shengye , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: January 2024

1D Mn-TBAPy-NT MOF nanotubes were synthesized and demonstrated to favor charge separation as well as photocatalytic hydrogen evolution at a level better than that of the corresponding bulk sample, and specifically achieving an AQE of 11.7% at 420 nm, a benchmark among MOF-type photocatalysts.
Correction: An interfacial toughening strategy for high stability 2D/3D perovskite X-ray detectors with a carbon nanotube thin film electrode
Authors: Qiu Liwen , Wang Mingqiang , Sun Tian , Lou Qiang , Chen Tong , Yang Guoshen , Qian Wei , Zhang Zixuan , Yang Shihe , Zhang Min , Jin Yufeng , Zhou Hang
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘An interfacial toughening strategy for high stability 2D/3D perovskite X-ray detectors with a carbon nanotube thin film electrode’ by Liwen Qiu et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 14574–14583, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR02801A.
Identification and validation of STAT4 as a prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Chenyu , Zhao Jingyuan , Kang Bingyu , Li Shuai , Tang Jingya , Dong Deshi , Chen Yanwei
Published: January 2024

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a common malignancy and is supposed to have the ability to escape host immune surveillance. The present study aimed to identify key genes in AML that may affect tumor immunity and to provide prognosis biomarkers of AML. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was screened for transcription factors (TFs) involved in immunity and influencing survival, combining Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data to validate the impact on patient survival. A prognostic signature was established using four transcription factors, and these genes play an important role in the immune system, with higher regulatory T cell (Treg) scores in high-risk patients compared with the low-risk group. Analysis of individual genes showed that STAT4 and Treg are closely related, which may be due to STAT4 transcribing related genes that affect immunity. STAT4 expression was positively correlated with the proportion of abnormal cells and promoted AML recurrence as verified by AML clinical patient samples. In addition, silencing of STAT4 significantly slowed down the proliferation capacity of HL60 cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that STAT4 may be a potential biomarker for AML prognosis. As a key gene affecting the prognosis of AML patients, STAT4 has the potential to be a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for AML.
Rhizosphere Fungi Abundance on Acid Dry and Tidal Soils in Borneo Prima Citrus Fields, East Kalimantan
Authors: Dwiastuti Mutia Erti , Suharjono  , Triasih Unun , Anggraeni Listy , Triwiratno Anang , Fauziah Fauziah , Agustina Nensi
Published: January 2024

Acid dry and Tidal land in East Kalimantan is one of the suboptimal land ecosystems, that needs to increase the quality of its fertility to support the production of citrus of the Borneo Prima variety. One of them with rhizosphere microbes can increase fertility, decomposition process and and as biological control agents to plant diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the abundance of rhizosphere fungi on citrus trees on dry acid and tidal soils and their relationship with soil physico-chemical factors. Rhizosphere fungi was isolated from the soil around citrus plant roots, East Kalimantan were analysed for their abundance and their correlation with soil physio-chemical factors. The results showed that found 29 rhizosphere fungi. The highest importance value index was found TR25 rhizosphere fungi isolates in the acid dry land block A and TR 17 in block B. The highest importance value index is at TR1 in block A tidal land, and TR23 in block B. Principal Component Analysis results showed that there is a strong relationship between the abundance of rhizosphere fungi and soil physicochemical. The highest number of rhizosphere fungal colonies was on tidal land B. The number of colonies was directly proportional to humidity.
Population Dynamics of Indian Makerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in Northern Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Jalil  , Makkatenni
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyze the parameters of Rastralliger kanagurta population dynamics in the waters of Northern Bone Bay. To analyze the parameters of population dynamics, measurements were made of the total length of the sample fish in centimeters. The research was conducted in March – September 2022 at the Palopo City Pontap Fish Landing Site. Sampling is carried out every two weeks. The results of the growth parameter analysis obtained each value of growth coefficient = 0.84 per year, asymptotic length = 30.5 cm and to = -0.189 years. Furthermore, for mortality parameters, natural mortality was obtained at 1.64 per year, capture mortality = 2.47 per year, and total mortality at 4.11 peryear and exploitation rate at 0.6%. The results show that the growth rate of Rastralliger kanagurta is very high and can reach maximum length at a relative age of 15 years. Mortality parameters show that Rastralliger kanagurta mortality in northern Bone Bay waters is higher from fishing than natural mortality. The exploitation Rastralliger kanagurta in the waters of northern Bone Bay is 60% greater than the maximum exploitation rate of 50%. Based on the results of this study, management of fishery resources is needed so that the population is not disturbed.
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factors of Keudawah (Rasbora sp., Family: Danionidae) in the Krueng Lanca Flows of Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Abdan Mu’amar , Sulistiono  , Mukhlis Kamal Mohammad , Mashar Ali , Butet Nurlisa Alias
Published: January 2024

Keudawah (Rasbora sp.) is a native species found in freshwater, especially Krueng Lanca of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Length-weight relationships (L-WR) and condition factor studies are significant in fisheries, as they offer invaluable insights into fish growth, general welfare, and fitness, especially in freshwater habitats. This study aims to evaluate the fish’s length-weight relationship and condition factor, which can be used to establish monitoring and management systems for this species. Sampling was conducted purposively every month from January to June 2023 at six stations using gill and cast nets. Sampling results were then analyzed in the laboratory. 1118 individual fish (632 males and 486 females) were collected from Krueng Lanca, Aceh Province, with a length frequency of 34-112 mm for males and 46-135 mm for females. The results showed that keudawah had negative allometric growth (both males and females), with b values ranging from 2.307 to 2.962 (for males) and 1.731 to 2.669 (for females). The condition factor (Kn) fluctuated between 0.84 and 0.93 (for males) and 0.82 to 0.94 (for females), indicating less than optimal conditions for this species.
Synthesis of Bimetallic Gold-Silver Nanoclusters and Its Application as Pb (II) Sensing Based on Fluorescence Technique
Authors: Panjaitan Boy Marsaputra , Taqwatomo Galih , Novriadi Dwi
Published: January 2024

Much research has been done on gold nanoclusters stabilized by biomolecules because of their remarkable fluorescence properties and potential biological applications. Here, we synthesize bimetallic gold-silver nanoclusters in a protein template using Galvanic Exchange (GE) Method. The samples were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, a fluorolog (fluorescence spectrometer), and a lifetime kit using Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting method. It is found that the bimetallic gold-silver nanoclusters emit bright red fluorescence with a long fluorescence lifetime in the range of microseconds. The bimetallic gold nanoclusters were used for Pb (II) detection using fluorescence technique. The fluorescence intensity of nanoclusters increased as the concentration of added Pb (II) increased. This work suggests that bimetallic gold-silver nanoclusters can be used for Pb detection with a detection limit of 15 nmol/L and this sensing will contribute to providing clean water without Pb contamination.
Prospects of Gedi Plant (Abelmoschus manihot L.) as a Functional Food and Herbal Medicine
Authors: Indrawati Endang , Setijorini Ludivica Endang
Published: January 2024

Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), is a plant that grows in tropical climates and is widely used as a vegetable and herbal traditional medicine. Many people know gedi as a Japanese papaya. Gedi leaf is very well known by the people of Manado because it is often used as one of the vegetables in Manado porridge. Gedi leaves contain compounds that are anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. This article will try to find some prospects and potential uses of the gedi plant, both for humans and for other uses. The research method used is to conduct a literature review of journals and articles that have been published nationally and internationally. This article is written from the results of a literature review to explore the potential and utilizations of the Gedi plant. Gedi leaves are widely used as vegetables, and herbal medicinal plants to treat several diseases. Gedi can be planted easily in the yard of the house. Given the potential, advantages, and disadvantages of gedi plants, further research is still needed to be able to explore the use of gedi as a functional food source for every family in Indonesia.
Assessment of radiation knowledge and awareness among radiology staff in tertiary hospitals: a study in Wuxi, China
Authors: Yuan J. , Liu D. , Ni J.
Published: January 2024

A number of previous studies have shown that the knowledge of radiation dose and its associated carcinogenic risk among radiology staff is inadequate. Underestimation of radiation dose and cancer risk in diagnostic procedures is prevalent, which may lead to suboptimal scanning parameters and potential overuse of radiation in daily practice. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of radiation dose and associated risks in common diagnostic radiological examinations among radiology staff in comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Wuxi, China. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among radiology staff from seven general tertiary hospitals.
Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Management of Appendicitis in Pediatric Departments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rey Robin , Gualtieri Renato , La Scala Giorgio , Posfay Barbe Klara
Published: January 2024

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is a growing field in medical research that could potentially help in the challenging diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) in children. However, usefulness of AI in clinical settings remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the accuracy of AIs in the diagnosis of AA in the pediatric population through a systematic literature review.

Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: “pediatric,” “artificial intelligence,” “standard practices,” and “appendicitis,” up to September 2023. The risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST.

Results A total of 302 articles were identified and nine articles were included in the final review. Two studies had prospective validation, seven were retrospective, and no randomized control trials were found. All studies developed their own algorithms and had an accuracy greater than 90% or area under the curve >0.9. All studies were rated as a “high risk” concerning their overall risk of bias.

Conclusion We analyzed the current status of AI in the diagnosis of appendicitis in children. The application of AI shows promising potential, but the need for more rigor in study design, reporting, and transparency is urgent to facilitate its clinical implementation.
Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cruciate Ligaments in Normal Beagles
Authors: Socha Dennis E. , Pownder Sarah L. , Kayano Mitsunori , Koff Matthew F. , Hayashi Kei
Published: January 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to provide normative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE MRI) data of the patellar ligament (PL), cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) in non-lame Beagles.

Study Design Eight stifles from four subjects obtained immediately postmortem were imaged using UTE MRI in the true sagittal plane. Regions of interest were drawn manually and the total (T2*), short T2* (T2*S) and long T2* (T2*L) values of the signal decay were calculated to evaluate the bound and free water components of the tendon. The T2*S, T2*L and T2* values were compared between the PL, CrCL and CdCL

Results The mean and standard deviation of T2*S, T2*L and T2* were as follows: 0.54 ± 0.13, 4.65 ± 1.08 and 8.35 ± 0.82 ms for the PL; 0.46 ± 0.14, 5.99 ± 0.52 and 8.88 ± 0.4 ms for the CrCL and 0.41 ± 0.13, 7.06 ± 0.57 and 9.26 ± 0.18 ms for the CdCL. Significant differences were found between the T2*L component of the PL and each CrCL/CdCL and a smaller difference was noted between the T2*L of the CrCL and CdCL (p = 0.05). No difference of the T2*S value was found between any of the ligaments.

Conclusion Establishing normative UTE data of the canine stifle is valuable for comparison in future studies in which normal and damaged ligaments may be evaluated, particularly in those affected limbs in which no instability is identified on physical examination in which normal and damaged ligaments may be evaluated.
A spatial econometric investigation into road traffic accessibility and economic growth: insights from the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle
Authors: Wan Jiangjun , Ma Chunchi , Jiang Tian , Phillips Andrew , Wu Xiong , Wang Yanlan , Wang Ziming , Cao Ying
Published: January 2024

A prevailing question in contemporary transport research queries the contribution of transport infrastructure investment to regional and local economic growth. Notably, the benefits under consideration extend beyond travel-time savings to possible additional developmental benefits. Centering on the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle, this study sheds light on this issue. It presents a comprehensive approach involving economic, investment, and political-institutional conditions, and underscores their synergistic operation in eliciting measurable economic benefits. We delve into the effects of road traffic accessibility on economic growth in 2019, using accessibility indicators integrated into a spatial econometric model. Our research relied on robust indicators of road traffic accessibility, transportation investments, and economic outputs from the Chengdu-Chongqing region. The study demonstrates that the road traffic network’s development level is higher in the central area compared to the peripheral regions. Further, it reveals an uneven economic development distribution within the circle. Moreover, the spatial effect of road traffic on economic growth surfaces as an error term spatial interaction effect, highlighting accessibility’s pivotal role. Factors like industrial infrastructure, labor force, and new economic geography also significantly affect growth. To wrap up, we discuss the broader implications of our findings. We suggest a stronger connection between road transportation and economic growth and stress the need to enhance the supporting economic environment. Our findings have broader implications, guiding policy and planning in other urban economic circles.
Seebeck-mediated ionic transport in 1T molybdenum disulfide thin films
Authors: Marcus Gabriel , Swathi Kadaba , Carroll David
Published: January 2024

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is a transition metal dichalcogenide that can achieve ion transport, thanks to its interlayer spacing, 1T/2H surface properties, and inherent thermoelectric properties. In this study, nanosheets of 1T MoS2 were synthesized, deposited as thin film stacks, and utilized as a self-powered nano-channel membrane for the intercalation of sodium chloride ions. Controlled deposition of a NaCl solution droplet onto a thermally activated 1T MoS2 film caused a characteristic voltage spike and decay. These phenomena result from ion–surface interactions followed by Soret- and thermoelectric-induced transport and eventual intercalation within the film layers. Voltage decay curves were recorded for various NaCl droplet concentrations deposited onto MoS2 films subject to a range of temperature gradients (ΔT). Areas under the final decay curves were integrated; both higher salt concentration and greater ΔT were associated with larger integrated areas. A direct relationship between droplet voltage response and concentration was found, potentially allowing for 1T MoS2 to function as a sensor of solution ion concentrations.
Riemann–Hilbert approach to the focusing and defocusing nonlocal complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation with step-like initial data
Authors: Zhang Ling , Hu Bei-Bei , Shen Zu-Yi
Published: January 2024

Recently, research about nonlocal integrable systems has become a popular topic. Here, we mainly use the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach to discuss the nonlocal complex modified Korteweg–de Vries (cmKdV) equation with step-like initial value. That is the Cauchy problem, i.e., we establish the analytical relation between the solutions r(z, t), r(−z, −t) of the nonlocal cmKdV equation and the solution of a matrix RH problem. First, we analyze the eigenfunctions of the linear spectral problem of the nonlocal cmKdV equation. Second, we discuss the scattering matrix T(ɛ) and its spectral functions α1(ɛ), β(ɛ) and α2(ɛ) depending on the prescribed step-like initial value. Finally, we find that the solution of the Cauchy problem of the nonlocal cmKdV equation can be represented by the solution of the corresponding matrix RH problem.
Assessment of channel temperature in β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructure field-effect transistors using visible wavelength thermoreflectance thermal imaging
Authors: Lundh James Spencer , Pavlidis Georges , Sasaki Kohei , Centrone Andrea , Spencer Joseph A. , Masten Hannah N. , Currie Marc , Jacobs Alan G. , Konishi Keita , Kuramata Akito , Hobart Karl D. , Anderson Travis J. , Tadjer Marko J.
Published: January 2024

This work demonstrates direct, rapid 2D thermal mapping measurement capabilities of the ultrawide bandgap semiconductor channel of lateral β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3/Ga2O3 transistors without sample contamination, long acquisition times, or sophisticated thermometry such as developing deep-ultra-violet compatible thermoreflectance systems. The temperature rise in the channel of a β-(Al0.21Ga0.79)2O3/Ga2O3 heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) was mapped using thermoreflectance imaging at 470 nm. First, the thermoreflectance response of the HFET channel was measured using a monochromator, revealing a maximum of the reflectance change around 470–480 nm. Thermoreflectance calibrations were then performed at 470 nm (peak of the reflectance change) and yielded an average thermoreflectance coefficient of 1.06 ± 0.07 × 10−4 K−1. Subsequent measurements of the device (power densities of 0.15–1.47 W/mm and gate-source voltage of 0 V) enabled extraction of a device-level thermal resistance of 51.1 mm·K/W in the channel at the drain-side of the gate. High-resolution, in situ scanning thermal microscopy measurements of the channel temperature rise show good agreement with and further support the thermoreflectance measurements. Finally, the thermal profile across the entire device length (metal electrodes and semiconductor channel) and width was simultaneously measured using thermoreflectance imaging at 470 nm, and the peak temperature rise was measured in the channel at the drain-side of the gate electrode.
A hybrid quantum–classical theory for predicting terahertz charge-transfer plasmons in metal nanoparticles on graphene
Authors: Fedorov A. S. , Eremkin E. V. , Krasnov P. O. , Gerasimov V. S. , Ågren H. , Polyutov S. P.
Published: January 2024

Metal nanoparticle (NP) complexes lying on a single-layer graphene surface are studied with a developed original hybrid quantum–classical theory using the Finite Element Method (FEM) that is computationally cheap. Our theory is based on the motivated assumption that the carrier charge density in the doped graphene does not vary significantly during the plasmon oscillations. Charge transfer plasmon (CTP) frequencies, eigenvectors, quality factors, energy loss in the NPs and in graphene, and the absorption power are aspects that are theoretically studied and numerically calculated. It is shown the CTP frequencies reside in the terahertz range and can be represented as a product of two factors: the Fermi level of graphene and the geometry of the NP complex. The energy losses in the NPs are predicted to be inversely dependent on the radius R of the nanoparticle, while the loss in graphene is proportional to R and the interparticle distance. The CTP quality factors are predicted to be in the range ∼10−100. The absorption power under CTP excitation is proportional to the scalar product of the CTP dipole moment and the external electromagnetic field. The developed theory makes it possible to simulate different properties of CTPs 3–4 orders of magnitude faster compared to the original FEM or the finite-difference time domain method, providing possibilities for predicting the plasmonic properties of very large systems for different applications.
Multiple topological states in photonic crystals with generalized Kekulé modulation
Authors: Xu Wenqing , Zhang Xia , Liu Mengran , Li Yan , Wang Yinghua , Wang Qiang
Published: January 2024

We theoretically proposed a feasible way to design multi-topological states in one two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). By sliding and rotating the meta-atoms of its unit cell, the topological phase of the PC can be continuously tuned, but without a closing of bandgap; it is similar to the Kekulé modulation in honeycomb lattices. We first show the existence of helical topological edge states in conventional topological insulator, which intersect together and form a Dirac cone in the two-dimensional synthetic space of the PC. Then, in full synthetic space, the PC behaves high-order topological insulator, and the corner state is then constructed in a heterostructure that consists of three different PCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the photonic crystal with non-uniform modulation can behaves as a splitter and a rainbow trapper. Our proposal may provide interesting insight for designing of multiple topological states, which have potential in photonic on-chip devices.
High-speed long-wave infrared ultra-thin photodetectors
Authors: Wang Yinan , Muhowski Aaron J. , Nordin Leland , Dev Sukrith , Allen Monica , Allen Jeffery , Wasserman Daniel
Published: January 2024

The primary challenge for long-wavelength infrared (λ = 8–13 µm) detection has long been the mitigation of dark current while achieving a high conversion efficiency of optical to electrical signals. Often overlooked is the bandwidth of detector response, despite several existing and expected future long-wave infrared high bandwidth applications. Here, we demonstrate ultra-fast response times in long-wave infrared detectors leveraging ultra-thin absorbers. The time response of the detectors is characterized using mid-infrared femtosecond pulses generated by an optical parametric amplifier, as a function of the device temperature and operating bias, as well as excitation wavelength. An equivalent circuit model for the detectors is presented and compared to our experimental results with excellent agreement. We demonstrate detector impulse response times of <100ps and 3 dB bandwidths in the GHz frequency range (f3dB > 3.5 GHz). Spectral response measurements confirm that the detectors have a resonant cavity mode enhanced response in the long-wave infrared, peaking at 10.2 µm. The presented detectors offer a potential solution for a range of high-frequency applications in the long-wave infrared.
Experimental investigation on periodic characteristics of high-frequency oblique slot plasma synthetic jet actuator
Authors: Cheng Lin , Huang He-Xia , Sun Xiao-Lin , Ma Shan , Tan Hui-Jun
Published: January 2024

A plasma synthetic jet actuator with a high-frequency oblique slot was designed for supersonic flow control. The actuator's periodic operation characteristics were investigated using electrical parameter measurements and high-speed schlieren techniques. Experimental findings indicate that the actuator can stably operate within the frequency range of 0–2400 Hz. With increasing operating frequency, the breakdown voltage, maximum current, and discharge energy decrease, while the energy efficiency of the discharge increases. Moreover, the experiment revealed for the first time that an increase in the number of charged particles within the cavity leads to a decrease in breakdown voltage, and the concentration of charged particles reaches saturation at approximately 1200 Hz. High-speed schlieren observations indicate substantial inter-cycle influences in the periodic jet. At higher operating frequencies, the impact of inter-cycle flow field effects becomes more pronounced. The oblique slot plasma synthetic jet exhibits clear directionality in the distribution of shock waves and jet. The oblique slot jet also shows a significant wall attachment effect. These characteristics are beneficial for enhancing the flow control capability of the actuator. At 1200 Hz, the actuator achieves a discharge efficiency of 63% and a maximum jet front velocity of 309 m/s, showcasing its superior overall performance.
Propagation of acoustic waves and determined radiation effects on axisymmetric objects in heterogeneous medium with irregular interfaces
Authors: Tang Tianquan , Shen Chao , Huang Lixi
Published: January 2024

Acoustic tweezers have shown great potential in revolutionizing fields such as noninvasive surgery and drug delivery. However, the current theoretical prediction and quantitative analysis of acoustic radiation force and torque are limited by the assumption of a homogeneous medium and spherical micro-objects. In this study, a theoretical model to address this limitation is proposed by considering the propagation of acoustic waves in layered heterogeneous media with irregular interfaces. The approach begins by constructing a propagation model based on plane wave decomposition and scalar diffraction theory to describe the behavior of acoustic waves passing through irregular interfaces. The spatial distribution of the acoustic field after passing through these interfaces is then determined using the angular spectrum method. To account for the geometric characteristics of axisymmetric objects, a conformal transformation approach is incorporated, allowing us to efficiently establish a theoretical model for the acoustic radiation force and torque exerted on these objects suspended in the layered medium. To validate the model, the computed acoustic pressure fields and radiation forces are compared with results obtained from full three-dimensional numerical simulations. The agreement between the two sets of results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. This theoretical model is expected to contribute significantly to the development of acoustic tweezers technology, enabling the manipulation of irregular micro-objects in multi-layer medium and providing important theoretical support for the application of acoustic tweezers in complex medium.
Probing the oxygen vacancy associated native defects in high-κ HfO2 using deep level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Mondal Sandip , Koteswara Rao K. S. R.
Published: January 2024

Hafnium oxide (HfO2) has been explored as high-κ gate dielectrics in scaled CMOS devices, artificial synapses to be used in neuromorphic computing to achieve brain-like functionalities, a storage layer in memory devices, a piezoelectric energy harvester, and a photodetector. In this article, the origin of a native defect present in the HfO2 thin films on silicon is experimentally probed using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique. It was realized that defects (predominantly oxygen vacancies) in HfO2 segregate near the Si/HfO2 interface. The interfacial and bulk HfO2 trap charges are communicating through the tunneling/ hopping, and, finally, they are emitted to the respective bands of silicon depending on the silicon used. We have observed four prominent defect states, and we believe that all these belong to oxygen vacancies in different charge states. The activation energies of trap states are in the range of 1.22–2.02 eV from the HfO2 conduction band edge, and they fall in front of the Si bandgap in the band alignment of the Al/HfO2/Si gate stack. The capture cross sections of these traps are measured with insufficient filling DLTS and found to be of the order of 10−19 cm2. The results provide valuable insights into realizing the behavior of oxygen vacancy-related deep defects in HfO2 and guide their possible impact on the device performance.
Performance of low-volume air cleaner and local exhaust in mitigating airborne transmission in hospital outpatient rooms
Authors: Zong Jie , Lin Chen , Ai Zhengtao
Published: January 2024

This study intends to explore the effective and flexible solutions to cope with airborne transmission in hospital outpatient rooms. Such solutions might be used as an additional measure during pandemics and as an independent measure in regions with incomplete health facilities and limited resources. It first investigates the dispersion characteristics of exhaled pollutants during typical expiratory activities and then evaluates the effectiveness of a low-volume air cleaner and local exhaust in reducing the risk of cross infection using a newly proposed index, i.e., personal exposure reduction effectiveness (PERE). The results show that, though wearing a face mask largely obstructs the horizontal dispersion of exhaled particles and thus avoids short-range direct transmission, the influence of particles leaked from the edges of a face mask on the doctor and the next patient cannot be ignored. Under the conditions without wearing a face mask, a background ventilation rate of 60 m3/h plus a 50 m3/h desk-mounted air cleaner is effective to prevent the direct exposure of the doctor from the patient's exhaled particles, with the PERE reaching 90.1%. Under the conditions with wearing a mask, a background ventilation rate of 60 m3/h plus a 30–50 m3/h local exhaust above the patient's head removes 85.7%–88.5% of leaked particles, achieving a PERE of 96.6%–100%. The aforementioned PERE value during the two types of conditions is 137% (or 70.4%–71.4%) higher than that under only a background ventilation of the stipulated 120 m3/h by standard. These findings should provide ideas and information for improving the mitigating system of airborne transmission in hospital outpatient rooms.
Investigation of flow field characteristics in hose pumps under various operating conditions and their impact on gap leakage
Authors: Wang Mengfan , Zhang Lixin , Hu Xue , Zhao Jiawei , Chao Xuewei , Fang Xingzi
Published: January 2024

Addressing the issue of leakage in practical scenarios involving hose pumps, this paper conducts an analysis on hose pumps with existing compression gaps. The model is simplified to represent the two-dimensional Newtonian fluid pulsating flow of a single-sided sine wave passing through the tube. The study derives the axial flow velocity distribution within the tube while establishing correlations between the leakage volume, tube clearance, pressure differential, deformed cross-sectional length of the tube, rotor speed (which exhibits a negative correlation), the deformation length of the tube in the x-direction, and the fluid's dynamic viscosity (demonstrating a positive correlation). Utilizing a bidirectional fluid-structure coupling method, this analysis investigates hose pumps with compression gaps. Specifically, it examines the flow field pressure, velocity, and vortex intensity of two Newtonian fluids with Reynolds numbers of 10–30 and 6000–15 000, respectively, within a 180° bend tube with a curvature-to-inner-diameter ratio of 4.6. This analysis is conducted under inlet velocities of 0.32 and 0.6 m/s, and outlet pressures of 0 and 0.1 MPa. The study identifies the positions of extreme leakage rates, elucidating the flow field characteristics and their impact on leakage. Furthermore, it investigates the causes of secondary flows within the tube, concluding that the fluid inside the tube exhibits symmetric helical motion. This research establishes the periodic variations in flow field vortex intensity and secondary flow intensity, along with the conclusion that leakage rates are positively correlated with axial vortex intensity and negatively correlated with secondary flow intensity.
A cross-scaled simulation on cell inactivation efficacy of pulsed electric fields by leveraging percolation theory
Authors: Wu Feiyu , Chen Kai , Chen Yue , Liu Hongmei , Yao Chenguo
Published: January 2024

From the microscopic electroporation to the irregular distribution of cell populations, the inactivation efficacy of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) from in vitro experiments has lacked a unified physical model due to its cross-scale complexity. Inspired by a coarse-grained approach from the percolation theory, the inactivation process is simulated from a simple yet robust lattice model, where the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the collective structure and the stochastic PEF strike are portrayed as random matrices, while also accounting for the rules of single-cell electroporation and subsequent death. Beyond successfully simulating the inactivation of monolayer adherent cells and suspended cells, which are in good agreement with in vitro results, our model reveals that (1) macroscopically three-staged inactivation pattern originates from the “accelerate–uniform–decelerate” transition of inactivation velocity, and (2) the inactivation patterns obey a universal scaling law under varied field strength, which is not satisfied under varied pulsed widths. The simulation not only sheds light on the PEF inactivation of the macroscopic cell collectives but also provides a simple and generalized numerical method for predicting PEF efficacy in experiments or engineering.
Time-resolved mid-infrared photoluminescence spectroscopy of an undoped InAs substrate
Authors: Sumikura Hisashi , Shinya Akihiko , Notomi Masaya
Published: January 2024

Time-resolved mid-infrared photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of an undoped InAs substrate has been achieved with wavelength upconversion and time-correlated single photon counting methods. The substrate exhibits multiple PL peaks at photon energies of around 0.415 eV, and the peak positions and intensities change as the temperature is varied from 3.7 to 80 K. The dominant PL peaks are attributed to free and donor-bound excitons and radiative recombination between electrons at the Fermi edge in the conduction band and holes in the valence band edge. The PL lifetime of the excitons is 12 ns, which is four times longer than that of GaAs. The band edge electron–hole recombination has a longer PL lifetime of 60 ns at 20 K. The unveiling of luminescence dynamics in narrow bandgap semiconductors will contribute to the development of mid-infrared light-emitting devices.