bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Język pism Józefa Piłsudskiego – Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze
rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu
Authors: Dubisz Stanisław
Published: January 2023

Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu (Revolutionary fight under the Russian rule. Facts and impressions over the last ten years) is a memorial feature article by Józef Piłsudski presenting the preparation, print, and distribution of the Polish Socialist Party’s underground pamphlets that were illegal under the Russian rule. The text is written in standard general Polish of the turn of the 20th century with a minor share of north borderland regionalisms, idiolectisms, and historisms. The style of the work combines “facts and impressions”, that is a realistic narration with a fictionalised description of various events related to the distribution of underground publications. The author of the feature article presents himself to the reader as an educated person using a language characterised by familiarity with the journalistic style.
Keywords: Polish language of the turn of the 20th c. – general Polish language – written text – memorial feature article – idiolect – Józef Piłsudski
Using Spectral Indices Derived from Remote Sensing Imagery to Represent Arthropod Biodiversity Gradients in a European Sphagnum Peat Bog
Authors: Minor Maria A. , Ermilov Sergey G. , Joharchi Omid , Philippov Dmitriy A.
Published: January 2023

Monitoring of peatlands is an important conservation issue. We investigated communities of soil mites (Acari: Oribatida, Mesostigmata) inhabiting a relatively undisturbed European boreal mire characterized by a mosaic of oligotrophic and meso-eutrophic areas. We assess the potential of using remote sensing approach as a mapping and predictive tool for monitoring productivity and arthropod biodiversity in a peat bog. In georeferenced plots, Acari biodiversity, water table level, water pH and plot productivity class on the oligotrophic-eutrophic gradient were recorded. Data from the Landsat 8 OLI sensor were used to calculate several spectral indices known to represent productivity and surface moisture gradients in terrestrial ecosystems. We then explored the relationship between spectral indices, environmental gradients and biodiversity of mites. We found that several spectral indices were significantly and consistently correlated with local environmental variables and biodiversity of soil mites. The Excess Green Index performed best as a predictor of plot trophic class on the oligotrophic-eutrophic gradient and showed significant relationship with Oribatida diversity in 2016. However, following hot summer in 2019, there was no significant relationship between abundance and species richness of Oribatida and remotely sensed data; there was a weak correlation between abundance of Mesostigmata and spectral indices which represent surface moisture gradient (e.g., Normalised Difference Moisture Index). We discuss advantages and challenges of using spectral indices derived from remote sensing imagery to map biodiversity gradients in a peatland.
Predefined Location Formation: Keeping Control for UAV Clusters Based on Monte Carlo Strategy
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Li Yuzhe , Zhu Junlin , Liu Bin
Published: January 2023

UAV formation keeping is an important research element due to its cooperative formation control. This study proposes a passive positioning model for UAVs based on the Monte Carlo strategy and provides a trajectory programming decision scheme based on the predicted calculation of deviated UAV predefined endpoint locations, effectively improving the efficiency of UAVs performing formation-keeping tasks during flight. Then, the simulation after sampling by Gaussian distribution is used to obtain the trajectory planning under simultaneous control of multiple cluster formations, and the feasibility, accuracy and stability of the proposed model are verified. This study provides useful guidance for UAV formation control applications.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Climate Change
Authors: Swedan Nabil Hazzaa
Published: January 2023

The climate change assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change is based on a radiative forcing methodology, and thermodynamic analysis of the climate does not appear to be utilized. Although equivalent to the radiative model, the thermodynamic model captures details of thermodynamic interactions among the earth’s subsystems. Carbon dioxide emission returns the net chemical energy exchanged with the climate system to the surface of the earth as heat. The heat is equal to the sum of the heat produced by fossil fuels and deforestation minus the heat of surface greening. Accordingly, trends of climate parameters are calculated. Nearly 51.40% of carbon dioxide production has been sequestered by green matter, and surface greening is approximately 3.0% per decade. Through 2020, the heat removed by surface greening has approached 12.84% of the total heat. Deforestation on the other hand has contributed nearly 22.85% of the total heat of carbon conversion to carbon dioxide. The increase in sea and average land surface air temperatures are 0.80 °C and 1.39 °C, respectively. Present annual sea level rise is nearly 3.35 mm, and the calculated reductions in the temperature and geopotential height of the lower stratosphere are about −0.66 °C and −67.24 m per decade, respectively. Unlike natural sequestration of carbon dioxide, artificial sequestration is not a photosynthetic heat sink process and does not appear to be a viable methodology for mitigating climate change.
Advanced Exergy Analysis of Adiabatic Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage System
Authors: Szablowski Lukasz , Morosuk Tatiana
Published: January 2023

Rapid development in the renewable energy sector require energy storage facilities. Currently, pumped storage power plants provide the most large-scale storage in the world. Another option for large-scale system storage is compressed air energy storage (CAES). This paper discusses a particular case of CAES—an adiabatic underwater energy storage system based on compressed air—and its evaluation using advanced exergy analysis. The energy storage system is charged during the valleys of load and discharged at peaks. The model was built using Aspen HYSYS software. Advanced exergy analysis revealed interactions between system components and the potential for improving both system components individually and the system as a whole. The most significant reduction in exergy destruction can be achieved with heat exchangers. The round-trip efficiency of this system is 64.1% and 87.9% for real and unavoidable operation conditions, respectively.
Hypernetwork Link Prediction Method Based on Fusion of Topology and Attribute Features
Authors: Ren Yuyuan , Ma Hong , Liu Shuxin , Wang Kai
Published: January 2023

Link prediction aims at predicting missing or potential links based on the known information of complex networks. Most existing methods focus on pairwise low-order relationships while ignoring the high-order interaction and the rich attribute information of entities in the actual network, leading to the low performance of the model in link prediction. To mine the cross-modality interactions between the high-order structure and attributes of the network, this paper proposes a hypernetwork link prediction method for fusion topology and attributes (TA-HLP). Firstly, a dual channel coder is employed for jointly learning the structural features and attribute features of nodes. In structural encoding, a node-level attention mechanism is designed to aggregate neighbor information to learn structural patterns effectively. In attribute encoding, the hypergraph is used to refine the attribute features. The high-order relationship between nodes and attributes is modeled based on the node-attribute-node feature update, which preserves the semantic information jointly reflected by nodes and attributes. Moreover, in the joint embedding, a hyperedge-level attention mechanism is introduced to capture nodes with different importance in the hyperedge. Extensive experiments on six data sets demonstrate that this method has achieved a more significant link prediction effect than the existing methods.
Analysis and Modeling of Value Creation Opportunities and Governing Factors for Electric Vehicle Proliferation
Authors: Tiwari Abhinav , Farag Hany
Published: January 2023

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of electric vehicle (EV) proliferation factors and various monetary and non-monetary value streams emerging in the EV domain. A comprehensive mathematical model is implemented to study EV proliferation and the resulting market share applicable to any geography and jurisdictional regime. Further, a novel framework is presented to analyze the interdependency between EV proliferation factors and value streams. The proposed model and framework can be leveraged to quantifiably evaluate the timeline available for grid operators to accommodate EV growth while utilizing those as Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to improve grid reliability, commercial value, and environmental benefits. Compared to the previous studies, the analysis indicated that if all the factors which impact EV proliferation are addressed simultaneously, EV market share can surpass the internal combustion engine vehicle (ICV) in as quickly as 15–20 years. The study also highlighted the importance of policy making around EVs, which can offset EV market share by up to 10% between two countries following similar sustainability goals. Therefore, the study also helps aid decision making around policies and technology investments by public and private sector organizations in the space of EV.
Measurement and Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions from Coal Consumption in China Based on the Kaya-LMDI Model
Authors: Peng Di , Liu Haibin
Published: January 2023

As the top emitter of carbon dioxide worldwide, China faces a considerable challenge in reducing carbon emissions to combat global warming. Carbon emissions from coal consumption is the primary source of carbon dioxide emissions in China. The decomposition of the driving factors and the quantification of regions and industries needs further research. Thus, this paper decomposed five driving factors affecting carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, namely, carbon emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, economic output, and population scale, by constructing a Kaya-Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (Kaya-LMDI) decomposition model with data on coal consumption in China from 1997 to 2019. It was revealed that the economic output and energy intensity effects are major drivers and inhibitors of carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, respectively. The contribution and impact of these driving factors on carbon emissions from coal consumption were analyzed for different regions and industrial sectors. The results showed that carbon emissions from coal consumption increased by 3211.92 million tons from 1997 to 2019. From a regional perspective, Hebei Province has the most significant impact on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the effect of economic output. Additionally, the industrial sector had the most pronounced influence on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the economic output effect. Finally, a series of measures to reduce carbon emissions including controlling the total coal consumption, improving the utilization rate of clean energy, and optimizing the energy structure is proposed based on China’s actual development.
Methods and Test Benches for Cutting Tools Testing—A Review
Authors: Bołoz Łukasz , Biały Witold
Published: January 2023

Mechanical mining is a widely used method of separating materials from the face to obtain a useful mineral (e.g., coal, metal ores, salts, and diamonds), to make underground workings (e.g., mine galleries, tunnels, and underground garages), level roads, shape slopes, or to dig ditches. Mechanical mining is applied in the mining branch, tunnelling, road, and construction industries. Depending on the mechanical properties of the rocks, most frequently described by uniaxial compression strength, various machines and tools are used. The methods of mining high-strength abrasive rocks that have been used and developed in recent years are particularly applicable to the mining of copper, gold, tungsten, platinum ores, diamond deposits, and tunnelling. In addition to rock strength, the effectiveness of the mining process is affected by abrasiveness, which influences the rate of abrasive tool wear. Therefore, in various research and development centres, but also in production companies, tools are tested on unique stands. Tests are carried out to determine the cutting resistance and assess the wear rate. This article reviews methods and benches for testing mining tools, conical picks, and discs. Various solutions for testing single tools and cutting heads have been presented. The analysis conducted has revealed that despite the large number and great diversity of different test benches, there are no appropriate methods and stands for testing the wear rate of materials intended for mining tools.
Experimental Investigation on the Imbibition Behavior of Nanofluids in the Tight Oil and Gas Reservoir through the Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Can , Li Ben , Wen Xixia , Li Jianchuan , Tian Lu
Published: January 2023

Tight oil and gas resources are widely distributed and play an important role in the petroleum industry. Due to its nanoscale pore-throat characteristics, the capillary effect is remarkable, and spontaneous imbibition is very beneficial to the development of low-permeability reservoirs. In this study, the imbibition experiments of 2D nano blackcard, nanoemulsion, and water were carried out, respectively. The pore-throat fluid distribution characteristics before and after core imbibition were analyzed with nuclear magnetic resonance technology, and the enhanced oil recovery effects of 2D nano blackcard nanoemulsion, and water were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the final recovery factors of cores soaked in 2D nano blackcard (0.005 ωt%) and nanoemulsion (0.02 ωt%) or imbibed in water are 32.29%, 26.05%, and 7.19%, respectively. It can be found that 2D nano blackcard is the fluid with the best imbibition effect. In this work, a new type of 2D nano blackcard was proposed and identified as a functional imbibition fluid for enhanced oil recovery in tight reservoirs, providing a practical reference for the effective development of tight, low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs.
Controlling of Conductivity and Morphological Properties of Hole-Transport Layer Using Ionic Liquid for Vacuum-Free Planar Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Pham Viet Thanh Hau , Trinh Thanh Kieu , Shaikh Hamid M. , Al-Zahrani Saeed M. , Alhamidi Abdullah , Bin Dahman Sami , Tamboli Mohaseen S. , Truong Nguyen Tam Nguyen
Published: January 2023

In this study, an acidic (A) and pH-neutral (pHN) solution using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole-transport layer (HTL) was modified using a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM+Cl−) ionic liquid (IL). The effects of this ionic liquid on the conductivity and morphological properties of the PEDOT:PSS films were investigated. The conductivity and morphological properties of the PEDOT: PSS films before and after adding IL were measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. The conductivity of the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was decreased, while the conductivity of the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was increased. The surface morphology of the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was slightly decreased, while the conductivity of the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid was slightly increased. The vacuum-free planar hybrid solar cells (VFPHSCs) using the pHN-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid show a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the VFPHSCs using the A-PEDOT:PSS-film-based ionic liquid. We also report that a solar cell with a structure of ITO/pHN-PEDOT:PSS/PTB7:PCBM/PEO/EGaIn has a maximum PCE of about ~5%.
Energy Autonomy Simulation Model of Solar Powered UAV
Authors: Mateja Krzysztof , Skarka Wojciech , Peciak Magdalena , Niestrój Roman , Gude Maik
Published: January 2023

The energy autonomy of UAVs is an important direction in the field of aerospace. Long-endurance aerial vehicles allow for continuous flight; however, to meet the guidelines, the power supply system has to be able to harvest energy from outside. Solar cells allow the production of electricity during the day when the sun shines on their surface. Depending on the location, time, weather, and other external factors, the energy produced by PV panels will change. In order to calculate as accurately as possible the energy obtained by solar cells, we developed a simulation model that took into account all of the external restrictions and the UAV’s limits during flight. The conducted analysis made it possible to obtain information for the specific input data on whether the UAV is able to fly for 24 h in a specific flight scenario. The UAV powered by solar cells developed by us and the performed aviation missions have shown that the UAV is capable of continuous flight without the need to land.
Design and Optimization Method with Independent Radial and Axial Capacity for 3-DOF Magnetic Bearings in Flywheel
Authors: Ju Jintao , Xu Peng , Li Shuqing , Xu Tong , Ju Fangming , Du Jiahui
Published: January 2023

The six-pole radial–axial hybrid magnetic bearing (RAHMB) has the advantages of small space and low power consumption, making it suitable for flywheel batteries. The bearing capacity and the volume are the main specifications of magnetic bearings that should be considered comprehensively. In this work, the six-pole RAHMB was used in a horizontal flywheel battery. As the axial bearing capacity is relatively smaller than the radial bearing capacity, a design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is proposed, and the parameters are optimized to minimize the volume. The mathematical model of six-pole RAHMB was derived from the equivalent magnetic circuit method. The relationships between bearing capacity, biased flux density, saturation flux density and the section area of magnetic poles were analyzed. The basic principle of the design method with independent radial and axial bearing capacity is to determine which five of the variables are preferred. According to the design method, one radial or axial biased flux density should be optimized to minimize the volume, and the genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to search for the optimal value. The structural parameters were designed based on the optimized value of biased flux density. The total volume of the six-pole RAHMB was reduced by 24%. A 3D finite element (FE) model was built. The analysis results and experimental results show that the proposed design and the optimization method are feasible and valid.
Influence of Red Mud Catalyst and Reaction Atmosphere on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae
Authors: Rahman Tawsif , Jahromi Hossein , Roy Poulami , Adhikari Sushil , Feyzbar-Khalkhali-Nejad Farshad , Oh Tae-Sik , Wang Qichen , Higgins Brendan T.
Published: January 2023

Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms and have a potential to produce renewable biofuel via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). This study investigated the effects of reaction environments on biocrude production from “Tetraselmis sp.” algae strain by HTL process using red mud (RM) based catalyst. The inert (N2), ethylene (C2H4), reducing (10% H2/90% N2), and oxidizing (10% O2/90% N2) environments were applied to the non-catalytic as well as catalytic HTL treatments with two forms of RM catalysts: RM reduced at 500 °C (RRM) and nickel-supported RM (Ni/RM). Under nitrogen, ethylene and reducing environments, the biocrude yield increased by the following trend: No Catalyst < RRM < Ni/RM. The Ni/RM catalyst produced the highest biocrude yield (37 wt.%) in an ethylene environment, generated the lowest total acid number (14 mg KOH/g) under inert atmosphere, and lowered sulfur (33–66%) and oxygen (18–30%) from biocrude products irrespective of environments. The RRM catalyst maximized the biocrude carbon content (61 wt.%) under a reducing environment and minimized the heavy metal and phosphorus transfer from the feedstock to biocrude in studied ambiences. The reducing environment facilitated mild hydrotreatment during HTL reaction in the presence of RRM catalyst. Among the non-catalytic experiments, the reducing atmosphere optimized carbon content (54.3 wt.%) and calorific value (28 MJ/kg) with minimum oxygen amount (27.2 wt.%) in biocrudes.
Economic Analysis of Thermal–Catalytic Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineesensis, Jacq) and Soap Phase Residue from Neutralization Process of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq)
Authors: Amaral Anderson , Bernar Lucas , Ferreira Caio , Pereira Anderson , Dos Santos Wenderson , Pereira Lia , Santos Marcelo , Assunção Fernanda , Mendonça Neyson , Pereira José , da Mota Sílvio , Mâncio Andréia , Junior Sergio , Borges Luiz , Machado Nélio , de Castro Douglas
Published: January 2023

Palm oil is, from an economic, environmental, and social point of view, a vegetable oil with great potential and the state of Pará-Brazil is Brazil’s great producer. In addition, soap phase residue or palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS), a byproduct of the neutralization step of the chemical refinement of palm oil, is produced, posing a huge problem for waste disposal and management in the production process of refined palm oil (RPO). In this context, this work aims to systematically investigate the economic analysis of the thermal–catalytic process of crude palm oil (CPO) and palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS). The thermocatalytic processes of CPO and PONS carried out at pilot scale and their economic feasibility were analyzed. The yields of biofuels produced by fractional distillation were also presented. The physicochemical properties of CPO and PONS, as well as those of organic liquid products obtained by the thermal–catalytic process of CPO and PONS were taken into account in the economic analysis. In addition, the chemical composition organic liquid products obtained by thermal–catalytic process of CPO and PONS, as well as its distillation fractions (green gasoline, green kerosene, green light diesel and heavy diesel), used as key factors/indicators on the economic analysis. The analysis of the key factors/indicators from the thermocatalytic processes of CPO and PONS showed economic viability for both crude palm oil (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq) and palm oil neutralization sludge. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) obtained in this work for the biofuels was 1.59 USD/L using crude palm oil (CPO) and 1.34 USD/L using palm oil neutralization sludge (PONS). The best breakeven point obtained was of 1.24 USD/L considering the PONS. The sensibility analysis demonstrated that the pyrolysis and distillation yields are the most important variables that affect the minimum fuel-selling price (MFSP) in both economic analyses.
Employing Machine Learning and IoT for Earthquake Early Warning System in Smart Cities
Authors: Abdalzaher Mohamed S. , Elsayed Hussein A. , Fouda Mostafa M. , Salim Mahmoud M.
Published: January 2023

An earthquake early warning system (EEWS) should be included in smart cities to preserve human lives by providing a reliable and efficient disaster management system. This system can alter how different entities communicate with one another using an Internet of Things (IoT) network where observed data are handled based on machine learning (ML) technology. On one hand, IoT is employed in observing the different measures of EEWS entities. On the other hand, ML can be exploited to analyze these measures to reach the best action to be taken for disaster management and risk mitigation in smart cities. This paper provides a survey on the different aspects required for that EEWS. First, the IoT system is generally discussed to provide the role it can play for EEWS. Second, ML models are classified into linear and non-linear ones. Third, the evaluation metrics of ML models are addressed by focusing on seismology. Fourth, this paper exhibits a taxonomy that includes the emerging ML and IoT efforts for EEWS. Fifth, it proposes a generic EEWS architecture based on IoT and ML. Finally, the paper addresses the application of ML for earthquake parameters’ observations leading to an efficient EEWS.
The Prevalence and Indications of Intravenous Rehydration Therapy in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gawronska Julia , Koyanagi Ai , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Veronese Nicola , Ilie Petre Cristian , Carrie Anne , Smith Lee , Soysal Pinar
Published: January 2023

(1) Objective: We performed a systematic review to explore the prevalence of intravenous (IV) rehydration therapy in hospital settings, and we assessed it by patient groups and populations. (2) Methods: A systematic review of major databases and grey literature was undertaken from inception to 28 March 2022. Studies reporting prevalence of IV rehydration therapy in a hospital setting were identified. The data were synthesised in a narrative approach. (3) Results: Overall, 29 papers met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients ranged from 4.5% (hospitalised with diarrhoea and dehydration) to 100% (admitted to the emergency department with mild to moderate dehydration caused by viral gastroenteritis), and in adults this ranged from 1.5% (had single substance ingestion of modafinil) to 100% (hospitalised with hypercalcemia). The most common indication for IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients was dehydration due to fluid loss from the gastrointestinal tract. Other causes included malnutrition, neuromuscular disease, bronchiolitis, and influenza. In adults, indications for IV rehydration therapy were much more diverse: fever, diarrhoea, drug intoxication, hypercalcemia, cancer, and postural tachycardia syndrome; (4) Conclusions: This systematic review showed that IV rehydration therapy in paediatric patients is often used to treat dehydration and diarrhoea, while in adults it has a broader spectrum of use. While IV rehydration therapy is important in correcting fluid problems and electrolyte status, the maintenance fluid prescribing practices vary considerably, and guidelines are scarce.
Algorithm and Examples of an Agent-Based Evacuation Model
Authors: Cui Xiaoting , Ji Jingwei , Bai Xuehe
Published: January 2023

This research establishes a “detect-decide-action” agent-based evacuation model based on the social force model, introducing an active steering force into the basis of the dynamic equation with the combination of the behavioral decision model and the probability model. In the AEM, the detection algorithm is used to identify pedestrians or obstacles within the detection radius to provide the next walking direction and apply the active steering force. The obstacle avoidance algorithm is the core of the “action” link. This research focuses on the establishment of the following and bypassing algorithm when moving in the same direction, and the algorithm of a detour when moving in the opposite direction, applying C++ programming language to achieve the basic evacuation behavior simulation of avoiding pedestrians and obstacles in the actual scene. The results show that compared with the grid model and the general social force model, the agent model (AEM) solves the problem of the distortion of evacuation behavior to some extent, and the pedestrian is more flexible in the choice of evacuation path.
Nonlinearity and Spatial Autocorrelation in Species Distribution Modeling: An Example Based on Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Jiao Yan , Latour Robert J.
Published: January 2023

Nonlinearity and spatial autocorrelation are common features observed in marine fish datasets but are often ignored or not considered simultaneously in modeling. Both features are often present within ecological data obtained across extensive spatial and temporal domains. A case study and a simulation were conducted to evaluate the necessity of considering both characteristics in marine species distribution modeling. We examined seven years of weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) survey catch rates along the Atlantic coast, and five types of statistical models were formulated using a delta model approach because of the high percentage of zero catches in the dataset. The delta spatial generalized additive model (GAM) confirmed the presence of nonlinear relationships with explanatory variables, and results from 3-fold cross-validation indicated that the delta spatial GAM yielded the smallest training and testing errors. Spatial maps of residuals also showed that the delta spatial GAM decreased the spatial autocorrelation in the data. The simulation study found that the spatial GAM over competes other models based on the mean squared error in all scenarios. That indicates that the recommended model not just works well for the NEAMAP survey but also for other cases as in the simulated scenarios.
Remote Sensing of the Subtropical Front in the Southeast Pacific and the Ecology of Chilean Jack Mackerel Trachurus murphyi
Authors: Belkin Igor M. , Shen Xin-Tang
Published: January 2023

The Subtropical Front (STF) plays a key role in the ecology of Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi. Nonetheless, there are few remote sensing studies of the STF in the open Southeast Pacific, and almost all of them have been conducted by satellite oceanographers in Russia and Ukraine to support respective large-scale fisheries of jack mackerel in this region. We reviewed these studies that documented long-term seasonal and interannual variability of the STF from sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) data. We also mapped the STF from satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) data of the SMOS mission (2012–2019). The Subtropical Front consists of two fronts–North and South STF about 500 km apart–that border the Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ) in-between. The STF is density-compensated, with spatially divergent manifestations in temperature and salinity. In the temperature field, the STF extends in the WNW to ESE direction in the Southeast Pacific. In the salinity field, the STFZ appears as a broad frontal zone, extending zonally across the entire South Pacific. Three major types of satellite data-SST, SSH, and SSS-can be used to locate the STF. The SSH data is most advantageous with regard to the jack mackerel fisheries, owing to the all-weather capability of satellite altimetry and the radical improvement of the spatial resolution of SSH data in the near future. Despite the dearth of dedicated in situ studies of the South Pacific STFZ, there is a broad consensus regarding the STFZ being the principal spawning and nursing ground of T. murphyi and a migration corridor between Chile and New Zealand. Major data/knowledge gaps are identified, and key next steps are proposed to mitigate the data/knowledge gaps and inform fisheries management.
The Role of Inertia in the Onset of Turbulence in a Vortex Filament
Authors: Caltagirone Jean-Paul
Published: January 2023

The decay of the kinetic energy of a turbulent flow with time is not necessarily monotonic. This is revealed by simulations performed in the framework of discrete mechanics, where the kinetic energy can be transformed into pressure energy or vice versa; this persistent phenomenon is also observed for inviscid fluids. Different types of viscous vortex filaments generated by initial velocity conditions show that vortex stretching phenomena precede an abrupt onset of vortex bursting in high-shear regions. In all cases, the kinetic energy starts to grow by borrowing energy from the pressure before the transfer phase to the small turbulent structures. The result observed on the vortex filament is also found for the Taylor–Green vortex, which significantly differs from the previous results on this same case simulated from the Navier–Stokes equations. This disagreement is attributed to the physical model used, that of discrete mechanics, where the formulation is based on the conservation of acceleration. The reasons for this divergence are analyzed in depth; however, a spectral analysis allows finding the established laws on the decay of kinetic energy as a function of the wave number.
Spatial Dependence of Average Prices for Product Categories and Its Change over Time: Evidence from Daily Data
Authors: Timiryanova Venera , Lakman Irina , Prudnikov Vadim , Krasnoselskaya Dina
Published: January 2023

The price of market products is the result of the interaction of supply and demand. However, within the same country, prices can vary significantly, especially during crisis periods. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns in the changing spatial dependence of the prices of certain product categories, namely pasta, potatoes, sugar, candies, poultry and butter. We used daily data from 1 January 2019, to 31 March 2022, and analyzed two important indicators: spatial variation and spatial autocorrelation of average daily prices. The analysis showed that spatial dependency changes over time and follows its own pattern for each product category. We recognized cyclic changes in spatial autocorrelation and noticed the effect of legislative restrictions on spatial correlations. It has been shown that the spatial variation of prices and spatial autocorrelation can change in different directions.
Dynamic Feedforward-Based Fractional Order Impedance Control for Robot Manipulator
Authors: Ding Yixiao , Luo Ying , Chen Yangquan
Published: January 2023

Impedance control is widely applied in contact force control for robot manipulators. The traditional impedance model is linear, and has limitations in describing the actual impedance force. In addition, time-varying and dynamic coupling characteristics pose critical challenges to high-speed and high-precision impedance control. In this paper, a fractional order impedance controller (FOIC) is proposed for industrial robot manipulator control and a systematic FOIC parameters tuning strategy based on frequency-domain specifications is presented. In order to improve performance under dynamic disturbances, a dynamic feedforward-based fractional order impedance controller (DFF-FOIC) is further developed. The robot manipulator dynamics are investigated and the effectiveness of the DFF-FOIC is illustrated by simulation. Then, the DFF-FOIC is applied on a physical robot manipulator prototype. Our step force tracking test results show that the proposed FOIC has better control performance than an integer order impedance controller (IOIC), achieving a better step response with lower overshoot, less settling time, and smaller integral time absolute error (ITAE) than the IOIC under fair comparison conditions.
Architectural, Constructional and Structural Analysis of a Historic School Building in the Municipality of Agia, Greece
Authors: Pachta Vasiliki , Malachtaris Ioannis , Terzi Vasiliki
Published: January 2023

Historic school buildings, erected during the end of the 19th–beginning of the 20th century, represent a specific constructional type that should be encountered as part of the common European built heritage. They present various similarities, especially in the regions of S. Europe, even though they were mainly built with local materials following the traditional constructional principles of each area. Due to their constant function as educational units, there is an increased interest on their structural and energy integration, without, however, following the principles of restoration of historic structures. To this extent, the acknowledgement of the tangible and intangible values they encompass is crucial, as well as their enlistment in order to be treated as heritage assets. In this study, an effort has been made to testify the characteristics (historic, architectural, constructional) of the historic school buildings located in the Municipality of Agia, region of Thessaly, central Greece. A case study was selected, concerning the old elementary school of Megalovrysso, where a detailed investigation was implemented, including onsite inspection, architectural overview, determination of constructional materials and types, investigation of the preservation state, as well as structural analysis through the three-dimensional finite element model. All research data were comparatively evaluated in order to determine the principles governing the construction of the studied school buildings and establish the significance of this unrecognized part of European built heritage that should be further assessed.
Clinical-Epidemiological Profile of Dental Professionals Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Southern Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suarez-Cabello Caroline , Valdivia Erick , Vergara-Buenaventura Andrea
Published: January 2023

Dental professionals have been identified as being at high risk for COVID-19 infection due to close contact with patients and the nature of dental treatments. However, the prevalence of infected dentists in Peru has not been determined. An online electronic survey was sent to dentists registered with the College of Dentists of Arequipa to collect sociodemographic data, medical conditions, and employment characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The clinical characteristics and adverse effects of dentists diagnosed with COVID-19 were also recorded. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 infection was 44%. The highest number of diagnosed patients ranged in age from 31 to 40 years (n = 111; 48.9%). A total of 45.9% of female and 41.6% of male dentists were diagnosed with COVID-19 (p = 0.425). A relationship was found between the district of origin and infection, and dentists working in the public sector during 2021 showed a greater trend of becoming infected (57.6%) (p < 0.05). The antigen swab test was the diagnostic test most frequently used (38%), and cough was the symptom most reported. Only 0.6% reported being hospitalized, 10.6% reported needing oxygen during hospitalization, and 0.6% were admitted to an intensive care unit. As in previous studies in other countries, the rate of COVID-19 infection among Peruvian dentists is high. It is recommended that dentists carry out infection control measures while ministries of health and dental associations take measures to ensure their safety.
Analgesic Action of Acetaminophen via Kv7 Channels
Authors: Stampf Jan-Luca , Ciotu Cosmin I. , Heber Stefan , Boehm Stefan , Fischer Michael J. M. , Salzer Isabella
Published: January 2023

The mechanism of acetaminophen (APAP) analgesia is at least partially unknown. Previously, we showed that the APAP metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) activated Kv7 channels in neurons in vitro, and this activation of Kv7 channels dampened neuronal firing. Here, the effect of the Kv7 channel blocker XE991 on APAP-induced analgesia was investigated in vivo. APAP had no effect on naive animals. Induction of inflammation with λ-carrageenan lowered mechanical and thermal thresholds. Systemic treatment with APAP reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, and co-application of XE991 reduced APAP’s analgesic effect on mechanical pain. In a second experiment, the analgesic effect of systemic APAP was not antagonized by intrathecal XE991 application. Analysis of liver samples revealed APAP and glutathione-coupled APAP indicative of metabolization. However, there were no relevant levels of these metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting no relevant APAP metabolite formation in the CNS. In summary, the results support an analgesic action of APAP by activating Kv7 channels at a peripheral site through formation of the metabolite NAPQI.
CXCL4-RNA Complexes Circulate in Systemic Sclerosis and Amplify Inflammatory/Pro-Fibrotic Responses by Myeloid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Pietraforte Immacolata , Butera Alessia , Gaddini Lucia , Mennella Anna , Palazzo Raffaella , Campanile Doriana , Stefanantoni Katia , Riccieri Valeria , Lande Roberto , Frasca Loredana
Published: January 2023

CXCL4 is an important biomarker of systemic sclerosis (SSc), an incurable autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and skin/internal organs fibrosis. CXCL4 contributes to the type I interferon (IFN-I) signature, typical of at least half of SSc patients, and its presence is linked to an unfavorable prognosis. The mechanism implicated is CXCL4 binding to self-DNA, with the formation of complexes amplifying TLR9 stimulation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we demonstrate that, upon binding to self-RNA, CXCL4 protects the RNA from enzymatic degradation. As a consequence, CXCL4-RNA complexes persist in vivo. Indeed, we show for the first time that CXCL4-RNA complexes circulate in SSc plasma and correlate with both IFN-I and TNF-α. By using monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) pretreated with IFN-α as a model system (to mimic the SSc milieu of the IFN-I signature), we demonstrate that CXCL4-RNA complexes induce MDDC maturation and increase, in particular, pro-inflammatory TNF-α as well as IL-12, IL-23, IL-8, and pro-collagen, mainly in a TLR7/8-dependent but CXCR3-independent manner. In contrast, MDDCs produced IL-6 and fibronectin independently in their CXCL4 RNA-binding ability. These findings support a role for CXCL4-RNA complexes, besides CXCL4-DNA complexes, in immune amplification via the modulation of myeloid DC effector functions in SSc and also during normal immune responses.
Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of Two Serotonin Type 7 Receptor Isoforms from Mythimna separata
Authors: Chen Wenbo , Gao Xiaoyan , Wang Huixin , Xie Guiying , An Shiheng , Du Yongkun , Zhao Xincheng
Published: January 2023

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important neuroactive molecule, as neurotransmitters regulate various biological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates by binding and activating specific 5-HT receptors. The pharmacology and tissue distribution of 5-HT receptors have been investigated in several model insects, and these receptors are recognized as potential insecticide targets. However, little is known about the pharmacological characterization of the 5-HT receptors in important agricultural pests. In this study, we investigated the sequence, pharmacology, and tissue distribution of 5-HT7 receptors from oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important migratory and polyphagous pest species. We found that the 5-HT7 receptor gene encodes two molecularly distinct transcripts, Msep5-HT7L and Msep5-HT7S, by the mechanism of alternative splicing in M. separata. Msep5-HT7S differs from Msep5-HT7L based on the deletion of 95 amino acids within the third intracellular loop. Two Msep5-HT7 receptor isoforms were activated by 5-HT and synthetic agonists α-methylserotonin, 8-hydroxy-DPAT, and 5-methoxytryptamine, resulting in increased intracellular cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner, although these agonists showed much poorer potency and efficacy than 5-HT. The maximum efficacy of 5-HT compared to the two 5-HT isoforms was equivalent, but 5-HT exhibited 2.63-fold higher potency against the Msep5-HT7S than the Msep5-HT7L receptor. These two isoforms were also blocked by the non-selective antagonist methiothepin and the selective antagonists WAY-100635, ketanserin, SB-258719, and SB-269970. Moreover, two distinct mRNA transcripts were expressed preferentially in the brain and chemosensory organs of M. separata adults, as determined by qPCR assay. This study is the first comprehensive characterization of two splicing isoforms of 5-HT7 receptors in M. separata, and the first to demonstrate that alternative splicing is also the mechanism for producing multiple 5-HT7 isoforms in insects. Pharmacological and gene expression profiles offer important information that could facilitate further exploration of their function in the central nervous system and peripheral chemosensory organs, and may even contribute to the development of new selective pesticides.
How the Analysis of the Pathogenetic Variants of DDR Genes Will Change the Management of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Sciarra Alessandro , Frisenda Marco , Bevilacqua Giulio , Gentilucci Alessandro , Cattarino Susanna , Mariotti Gianna , Del Giudice Francesco , Di Pierro Giovanni Battista , Viscuso Pietro , Casale Paolo , Chung Benjamin I. , Autorino Riccardo , Crivellaro Simone , Salciccia Stefano
Published: January 2023

Herein, we analyze answers achieved, open questions, and future perspectives regarding the analysis of the pathogenetic variants (PV) of DNA damage response (and repair) (DDR) genes in prostate cancer (PC) patients. The incidence of PVs in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes among men with metastatic PC varied between 11% and 33%, which was significantly higher than that in non-metastatic PC, and BRCA2 mutations were more frequent when compared to other DDR genes. The determination of the somatic or germline PVs of BRCA2 was able to define a tailored therapy using PARP inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progression after first-line therapy, with significant improvements in the radiologic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. We propose testing all metastatic PC patients for somatic and germline HRR mutations. Somatic determination on the primary site or on historic paraffin preparations with a temporal distance of no longer than 5 years should be preferred over metastatic site biopsies. The prognostic use of DDR PVs will also be used in selected high-risk cases with non-metastatic stages to better arrange controls and therapeutic primary options. We anticipate that the use of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and in combination with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) will be new strategies.
Alloferon and Zanamivir Show Effective Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Lee Dahae , Jo Hyejung , Jang Yoojin , Bae Suhyun , Agura Tomoyo , Kang Dongmin , Kang Minsoo , Kim Yuri , Cho Nam-Hyuk , Kim Yejin , Kang Jae Seung
Published: January 2023

The use of vaccines is the most effective and reliable method for the prevention of viral infections. However, research on evaluation of effective therapeutic agents for use in treatment after infection is necessary. Zanamivir was administered through inhalation for treatment of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in 2009. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains can occur rapidly. Alloferon, an immunomodulatory drug developed as an NK cell activator, exerts antiviral effects against various viruses, particularly influenza viruses. Therefore, alloferon and zanamivir were administered in combination in an effort to improve the antiviral effect of zanamivir by reducing H1N1 resistance. First, we confirmed that administration of combined treatment would result in effective inhibition of viral proliferation in MDCK and A549 cells infected with H1N1. Production of IL-6 and MIP-1α in these cells and the activity of p38 MAPK and c-Jun that are increased by H1N1 were inhibited by combined treatment. Mice were then infected intranasally with H1N1, and examination of the antiviral efficacy of the alloferon/zanamivir combination was performed. The results showed that combined treatment after infection with H1N1 prevented weight loss, increased the survival rate, and improved lung fibrosis. Combined treatment also resulted in reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into the lungs. Combined treatment effectively inhibited the activity of p38 MAPK and c-Jun in lung tissue, which was increased by infection with H1N1. Therefore, the combination of alloferon/zanamivir effectively prevents the development of H1N1-mediated inflammation in the lungs by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and migration of inflammatory cells into lung tissue.