bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time vehicle detection system on the highway
Authors: Kumeechai Pisanu
Published: December 2023

Locating and classifying different types of vehicles is a vital element in numerous applications of automation and intelligent systems ranging from traffic surveillance to vehicle identification, with deep learning models now dominating the field of vehicle detection. However, vehicle detection in Bangladesh remains a relatively unexplored research lacuna. One of the main goals of vehicle detection is its real-time application, with “You Only Look Once” (YOLO) models proving to be the most effective. This paper compared real-time vehicle highway detection systems using YOLOv4, Faster R-CNN and SSD algorithms to determine the best performance. A vehicle detection and tracking system was also developed that improved highway safety. Vehicle trials compared the real-time performances of the YOLO, Faster R-CNN and SSD algorithms in detecting and tracking highway vehicles by measuring precision, recall, F1-score and operating speed. Models for each algorithm were constructed and each model was trained and tested, with performance measured using a confusion matrix. This statistical tool assessed the efficiency of the system using a prepared test dataset and evaluated the results using appropriate indicators such as real-time road lines, traffic signs and vehicle detection false positive rates. Results showed that the YOLOv4 algorithm outperformed Faster R-CNN and SSD in real-time vehicle detection and tracking on highways. YOLOv4 also processed the results more quickly and proved superior in detecting and tracking objects in real time. The Faster R-CNN algorithm gave high object detection, tracking accuracy and recall while reducing the number of locations needing detection, with the SSD algorithm providing high precision, recall and good image detection results.
Impacto emocional y laboral de la pandemia del COVID-19 en las enfermeras de los servicios de radiología
Authors: Mediavilla Rodríguez Cristian
Published: December 2023

Introducción. El COVID-19 ha sido y sigue siendo actualmente una enfermedad importante en la salud pública mundial. La enfermería y las enfermeras, a lo largo de la historia han tenido un papel muy importante durante situaciones de emergencia y desastres naturales. Las enfermeras siguen implicadas con ese papel y el estrés y la presión que ha ejercido la pandemia sobre el sistema de salud ha presentado un auténtico desafío para la profesión.

Los servicios de radiología de España han hecho una gran labor en la pandemia del COVID-19. Aun siendo un servicio de gran importancia, fue excluido de lo que denominaron “primera línea” de forma incomprensible teniendo como consecuencia que los enfermeros de radiología no fueron considerados una prioridad ni para las vacunas ni para el reparto de equipos de protección individual (EPI).

Objetivo. Mostrar el impacto emocional y laboral generado por la pandemia del COVID-19 y establecer unas medidas para enfrentarse a los posibles resultados que se obtengan. 

Metodología. Un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio en las enfermeras de los servicios de radiología.

Conclusión. Existe impacto tanto laboral como emocional en ese sector de la enfermería.
Higiene de manos. Trabajo de investigación cuantitativa
Authors: Gómez-Miguel Sara López , Damianova Radeva Silvia , Arredondo Provecho Ana Belén
Published: December 2023

Introducción. La Higiene de Manos (HM) es una herramienta de bajo coste y fácil acceso para los profesionales sanitarios, considerada indicador de calidad según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Por ello, se estima oportuno ahondar en la formación de los futuros profesionales.

Objetivos. Averiguar el nivel de conocimientos sobre HM en los estudiantes de 4º curso de Enfermería de las Universidades Públicas de la Comunidad de Madrid: Rey Juan Carlos, Complutense, Autónoma y Alcalá.

Metodología. Estudio transversal basado en la cumplimentación voluntaria y anónima de una encuesta validada por la OMS sobre HM. Creada mediante Google-Drive, y distribuida a través de Google-Mail y las redes sociales WhatsApp e Instagram, con la colaboración de la presidenta de la Asociación Estatal de Estudiantes de Enfermería.

Resultados. Se estima que el 22,4% de la población diana respondió la encuesta. La media global de aciertos se sitúa en 17,18 puntos sobre 25. El 96,5% afirma haber recibido formación en HM durante sus estudios. No obstante, el 74,1% piensa que el lavado de manos es más eficaz que la fricción con solución hidroalcohólica.

Discusión/Conclusión. Los estudiantes de 4º de Enfermería han recibido formación en HM durante sus estudios de Grado, aunque se evidencian carencias en conocimientos de HM que deben reforzarse. Por ello, se concluye que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al conocimiento en HM entre diferentes universidades, pero sí entre ambos sexos.
Utilización de la camilla de cuchara en el paciente traumático. Revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Balas Pérez Gema
Published: December 2023

Revisión bibliográfica de los diferentes sistemas de inmovilización en el trauma profundizando más en el estudio de la camilla cuchara en comparación con el resto de dispositivos.
Elaboración de una herramienta de ayuda en la toma de decisiones en la correcta protección vacunal de la población
Authors: Sánchez Yelmo Laura , Rodríguez Castillo Eugenia Cristina
Published: December 2023

Introducción. El primer calendario de vacunación en España data del año 1975 siendo los tres últimos en 2018, 2021 y 2022. Centrándonos en la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM), el último calendario sistemático vigente es el del año 2020. La cobertura vacunal en la CAM, aunque es elevada puede mejorarse, en especial en la etapa adulta, lo cual supone un alto riesgo de rebrotes y una elevación de costes. Esto, añadido a los cambios constantes de calendarios, hace complicado realizar una correcta vacunación por parte del profesional sanitario.

Objetivo. El objetivo principal del estudio es crear una herramienta que nos permita reconocer fácilmente si una persona está correctamente vacunada, a través del contaje de vacunas administradas, en función de la edad.

Metodología. Se han realizado cuatro búsquedas bibliográficas en bases de datos incluyendo solo artículos de hace menos de 5 años y que hablasen exclusivamente de la CAM, sin encontrar ningún resultado válido. Por eso se utilizaron los últimos calendarios de la CAM.

Conclusiones. Se ha elaborado dicha herramienta abarcando todas las edades y teniendo en cuenta los factores de riesgo. Como limitación del estudio solo se han tenido en cuenta las recomendaciones de la CAM, siendo útil solo en esta comunidad autónoma. Además se debería validar el uso de esta herramienta para determinar su fiabilidad.
Analysis Of Compensation And Motivation For Job Satisfaction Of Disaster Management Agency Employees Regional (BPBD) North Sumatra Province
Authors: M. Chaerul Rizky  , ` Nurul Rafika Husna
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the positive and significant effect of compensation and motivation on job satisfaction of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of North Sumatra Province both partially and simultaneously. This study used quantitative methods with data analysis techniques used, namely multiple linear regression. The sample in this study was 53 respondents by determining the sample using saturated sampling techniques. The results showed that the compensation variable (X1) partially had a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of North Sumatra Province. (2) The motivation variable (X2) partially has a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of North Sumatra Province. (3) The variables compensation (X1) and motivation (X2) simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) of employees of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) office of North Sumatra Province.
International cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in countering the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals
Authors: Zadorozhnyy Oleksandr
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine with the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) to intensify actions aimed strengthening security at own borders, counteracting the challenges of transnational crime and conducting international search for criminals with the help of existing international organizations.

It is emphasized that Ukraine’s participation in international organizations is an integral part of the state’s foreign policy, which makes it possible to cope with all the negative phenomena and problems that Ukraine is facing in this difficult time.

The author examines the historical aspects of the establishment and further development of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex).

The author analyzes the role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in the process of international search for criminals, which is conducted jointly with law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, since the organization provides assistance in searching for criminals using its powerful technical and resource potential.

Attention is paid to the aims and objectives of the international organization, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) tointensify actions related to strengthening security at own borders and counteracting the challenges of transnational crime.

The author analyzes the EUROSUR communication channel used by Frontex as a system for exchanging information on the situation on European borders and in the border area.

The author also discusses the issues of cooperation between law enforcement agencies of Ukraine and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), which includes assistance in sharing experience and previously acquired skills to overcome negative trends occurring at the borders of Ukraine, to strengthen its own security, to counteract the challenges of cross-border crime and to support national authorities in identifying persons on the international wanted list, which is extremely necessary in such a difficult time.
The role of international organisations in the development of the financial monitoring system
Authors: Utkina Maryna
Published: December 2023

The work aims to explore and highlight the crucial role of international organisations in developing the financial monitoring system. By setting global standards, providing capacity-building support, facilitating information sharing, conducting assessments, advocating policy measures, and promoting international coordination, these organisations contribute to preventing and detecting illicit financial activities.

The methodological basis of the study involves a combination of qualitative research methods, a literature review, and an analysis of relevant documents and reports from international organisations. The author used the given methods to achieve the goal of the article: (1) literature review; (2) analysis of international organisation documents; (3) qualitative research methods, and (4) comparative analysis.

Results. International organisations play a crucial role in setting global standards and guidelines for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. These standards provide a framework for countries to develop their domestic legislation and establish effective financial monitoring systems. They provide extensive capacity-building support to countries, assisting them in implementing and enforcing financial monitoring standards. International organisations facilitate the exchange of information among countries, enabling them to identify and track illicit financial activities across borders.

Conclusions. International organisations play a vital role in developing the financial monitoring system. They serve as platforms for cooperation, coordination, and information exchange among countries, helping to establish global standards, guidelines, and best practices. Their collective efforts contribute to preventing and detecting illicit financial activities, fostering integrity and stability in the global financial system.
Problems of licensing of private healthcare facilities in Ukraine
Authors: Bohomolov Denys
Published: December 2023

The article examines the problems faced by the private sector in obtaining licences to conduct medical practice. The author focuses on both private healthcare facilities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in medical practice.

The author notes that the public healthcare sector alone is not capable to fully satisfy the population’s demand for affordable and high-quality medical services, and therefore the growth of the number of private healthcare facilities is inevitable. Analysing the data of the Licensing Register of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for medical practice, the author notes that more than 60 per cent of all licences were issued to the private sector, but the lion’s share of them (85 per cent) were issued to individual entrepreneurs.

The author shares the opinion that only private healthcare facilities are subject to real state regulation in the form of licensing and control with the possibility of administrative and economic sanctions, including cancellation of licences.

The author, in particular, draws attention to the contradictory requirements of the Licensing Conditions regarding staffing of license applicants, who, on the one hand, must submit information on the available staff to obtain a licence, and, on the other hand, must conclude contracts with these employees within a month after obtaining a licence.

The author has studied the circumstances of some court cases where the plaintiffs challenged the decisions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine to revoke the licence. In the analysed cases, the court satisfied the plaintiffs’ claims and found the cancellation of licences to be groundless.

The author also draws attention to the need to regulate the activities of so-called hospital funds, which are correlated with the activities of healthcare facilities but are not subject to licensing.

The author comes to the conclusion that licensing plays a very important role in the establishment and operation of a private healthcare facility, but the current system has numerous inaccuracies and inconsistencies with the practical state of affairs and creates significant pressure on private facilities, which may lead to negative trends in the development of the private healthcare market.
Kafkasya Bölgesinde Ermeni ve Kürt Ayrılıkçı Hareketleri Üzerine Türkiye-Sovyet Rusya İstihbarat Vakaları (1924-1955)
Authors: ER İlyas
Published: December 2023

Mevcut literatürün, Türkiye ve Sovyet Rusya’nın Kafkasya bölgesindeki Ermeni ve Kürt ayrılıkçı hareketlerinin istihbarat vakalarını analiz etmek için kanıtlardan ve belirli bir çerçeveden yoksun olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulması ve Bolşevik Devrimi’nin ardından Sovyet Rusya’nın Kafkasya bölgesindeki istihbarat faaliyetleri, birbirinin öncülü ya da ardılı olan eşzamanlı ya da birbirini takip eden istihbarat örgütlerinin kurulmasıyla devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma, Sovyet Rusya’nın Kafkasya bölgesindeki Ermeni ve Kürt ayrılıkçı hareketlerine verdiği desteği, istihbarat vakalarını somut delillerle analiz ederek ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Kars ve çevresi Kürt ve Ermeni ayrılıkçı hareketlerinin hedef bölgesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bölge, Ermeni ve Kürt ayrılıkçı hareketleri mensuplarının ve Sovyet casuslarının Türkiye’ye sızma faaliyetlerinin en yoğun olduğu alanlardan biridir. Sovyet Rusya ile ayrılıkçı hareket arasındaki temas merkezi Batum’dur. Batum’dan sonra ayrılıkçı hareketin en önemli üslerinden biri de Erivan’dır. Bu çalışmada, istihbarat ve karşı istihbarat gelişmeleri üzerinden Sovyet Rusya’nın Türkiye’deki Ermeni ve Kürt azınlıklara karşı yürütmeyi amaçladığı yıkıcı faaliyetler ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kafkasya bölgesindeki ayrılıkçı hareketleri Türkiye ve Sovyet Rusya istihbarat örnekleri üzerinden incelemekte, ne tür tehditler oluşturdukları ve nasıl geliştikleri sorularına cevap aramaktadır. Disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımın benimsendiği bu çalışmada istihbarat ve tarih disiplinlerinin bakış açılarından değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılmış, Türk Diplomatik Arşivi’nde yer alan belgeler tasnif edilip, okunup, analiz edilerek çalışmanın tezlerine delil olarak sunulmuştur.
Prevalence of wound infection following right anterolateral thoracotomy and median sternotomy for resection of benign atrial masses that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Zangeneh Akram
Published: December 2023

Background:
A meta-analysis study to assess the prevalence of wound infection (WI) following right anterolateral thoracotomy (RAT) and median sternotomy (MS) for resection of benign atrial masses (BAM) that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature examination till February 2023 was implemented and 296 linked studies were appraised. The 4 picked studies contained 206 subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events in the picked studies' baseline, 116 of them were using RAT, and 90 were using MS. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the consequence of the prevalence of WI following RAT and MS for resection of BAM that induces heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events by the dichotomous and continuous styles and a fixed or random model.
Results:
No significant difference was observed between RAT and MS in postoperative surgical site WI (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02-1.77, p=0.14) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) in subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events.
Conclusions:
No significant difference was observed between RAT and MS in postoperative surgical site WI in subjects with BAM that induce heart failure, arrhythmia, or thromboembolic events though precautions should be taken when commerce with the consequences since a low number of selected studies was picked for comparisons in this meta-analysis and all the selected studies were with low sample size.
 
Pjetër Bogdani si regjistrues mbishkrimesh të vjetra: një relacion pak i njohur i vitit 1658
Authors: Omari Anila
Published: December 2023

Jeta dhe veprimtaria e Pjetër Bogdanit është dokumentuar në një numër të madh dokumentesh e materialesh arkivore, në pjesën më të madhe të botuara. Botuesit kryesorë të dokumenteve ku përfshihet historia e Shqipërisë e shekujve XVII-XVIII dhe mes tyre edhe dokumentet që lidhen me Pjetër Bogdanin janë D. Coleti - F. Riceputi1, Augustin Theiner2, Jovan Radonić3, Injac Zamputi4, Marco Jačov5 etj., ndërsa në mënyrë të posaçme për mbledhjen e dokumentacionit lidhur me Pjetër Bogdanin kanë punuar Luigj Marlekaj6 dhe Odette Marquet7. Nga këto dokumente është rindërtuar në momentet më të rëndësishme të saj rrjedha jetësore e Bogdanit dhe veprimtaria e tij klerikale, intelektuale e politike, me përjashtim të periudhës së hershme të vendlindjes dhe datëlindjes si dhe të shkollimit fillor, të cilat ende sot nuk janë saktësuar përfundimisht. Për shkollimin e tij në kolegjet e Propaganda Fides dhe të Loretos kemi tani të dhënat dokumentare plotësuese të hetuara nga Bardhyl Demiraj në Arkivat e Kolegjit të Loretos dhe të Kolegjit Urban dhe të sjella në punimet e tij të kohëve të fundit mbi rishtarët shqiptarë në kolegjet italiane8.
Pomegranate Blossoms, Building a Chinese Dream Together-based on the Investigation and Study of People's Happiness in Ethnic Minority Areas
Authors: Gao Yubo
Published: December 2023

Taking Guangxi as an example, this paper studies the influence of economic development and people's livelihood on people's happiness in minority areas. Through questionnaire survey and multiple linear regression analysis, it is found that the main factors restricting the development of minority areas in Guangxi are the lack of national technical investment and educational resources, while the advantages of development lie in the richness of natural resources and cultural uniqueness. Economic development has little influence on people's happiness index, while social security, spiritual culture, housing problems and other livelihood issues have great influence on people's happiness. In order to improve people's happiness in minority areas, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as actively seeking the participation and support of various forces, vigorously developing the economy, strengthening infrastructure construction, and supporting the development of national culture.
Mabasan Volume 17 Nomor 2
Authors: Mabasan Jurnal
Published: December 2023

Mabasan
Enforced disappearances in the context of migration: A brief review of General Comment No.1 of the Committee against Forced Disappearances
Authors: Castilla Karlos
Published: December 2023

The reasons that lead a person to initiate a migratory movement are manifold. Therefore, the conditions and the way in which this movement is carried out are also diverse and unequal. Currently, there is not a single country in the world with open borders. This means that each country sets the requirements that a person must meet to enter its territory. This confirms that the “right to migrate” is not fully recognized in any legal system1. Because not everyone can meet these requirements or are denied visas, in many cases people are forced to use forms, routes, and modes of transportation that risk their integrity or lives to make a cross-border migration move. But that’s not all: thousands of migrants disappear on the way to their destination country or in the destination country itself. In many cases, we do not even know whether they have died or whether something 1 Human rights treaties generally recognize the right to enter and leave one’s own country, but not the right to enter another country. Most of what is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is that “everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.” See: (Castilla Juárez K. , 2024) has happened to them. We simply do not know anything more about these people. Faced with this situation, which has been analyzed, studied, and attempted to be documented for several years2, the United Nations Committee against Forced Disappearances took a step forward by adopting, on September 18, 2023, its first General Comment dealing specifically with “enforced disappearance in the migratory context3”. This occurred primarily because the Committee is deeply concerned about the increasing trends of enforced disappearances in the context of migration, and because it notes with great concern that cases of enforced disappearances are frequently reported along various migration routes.
Poli-fenilen-Sülfit Polimer Kompozitine Karşı Poliamit-6 Polimeri ile Mika ve Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poliamit-6 Polimer Kompozitlerin Sürtünme ve Aşınma Davranışları
Authors: ÜNAL Hüseyin , YETGİN Salih Hakan , GÜLEŞEN Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada, katkısız Poliamit (PA6) polimeri ile ağırlık olarak %20 oranında mika katkılı Poliamit 6 (PA6/20M) ve %20 oranında mika/%10 oranında cam elyaf (CE) katkılı Poliamit 6 (PA6/20M/10CE) kompozitlerin tribolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Kompozit granül üretimi için önce çift vidalı ekstruder kullanılmış, test numuneleri üretimi için ise enjeksiyon makinası kullanılmıştır. Aşınma ve sürtünme testleri kuru ortam şartları altında %40 kısa cam elyaf takviyeli Poli-fenilen-Sülfit (PPS/40CE) kompozit diskine karşı yapılmıştır. Aşınma deneyleri pim-disk aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Triboloji deneylerinde üç farklı yük (10-20-30 N) ve 0.5m/s sabit kayma hızı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma şartları alrındaki malzemelerin sürtünme katsayısı ve aşınma hacmi değişimi belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda uygulanan yükün artması ile katkısız PA6 polimeri ile PA6/20M ve PA6/20M/10CE kompozitlerinin sürtünme katsayısı sırasıyla %25.2, %29.6 ve %15.2 oranlarında artış göstermiştir. PA6 polimeri ilave edilen %20 oranındaki mika katkısı sürtünme katsayısını %33.0 oranında artırmıştır. PA6/20M kompozitine ilave edilen %10 oranındaki cam elyaf ise sürtünme katsayısını %86.1 oranında azaltmıştır. Uygulanan yükün artırılması ile katkısız PA6 polimerinin aşınma hacmi %200 oranında artarken PA6/20M kompozitinde %291.3 oranında artmıştır. Buna ilaveten PA6/20M/10CE hibrit kompoziti ise %371.4 oranında artmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda en az aşınma hacmi diğer kombinasyonlarla kıyaslandığında minimum %20 oranında PA6/20M-10CE/PPS-40CE kombinasyonunda elde edilmiştir.
The Role of Social Intelligence and Resilience in Explaining Students’ Distress Tolerance: A Study during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Safara Maryam , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Salmabadi Mojtaba
Published: December 2023

IL RUOLO DELL’INTELLIGENZA SOCIALE E DELLA RESILIENZA NELLO SPIEGARE LA TOLLERANZA AL DISAGIO DEGLI STUDENTI: UNO STUDIO DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DI COVID-19 Abstract Understanding the factors that influence or correlate with distress tolerance is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of social intelligence and resilience in explaining college students’ distress tolerance. A descriptive correlational study was carried out on 260 male college students of Farhangian University of Birjand, Iran in 2020/21. They completed Social Intelligence Scale, Resilience Scale, and Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between social intelligence and distress tolerance (r = 0.473; p <0.001), as well as resilience and distress tolerance (r = 0.608; p = 0.008). Also, the coefficient of determination showed that the components of social intelligence and resilience up to 65% can explain the variance of students’ distress tolerance. Psychological interventions such as promoting social intelligence and effective resilience can be used to prevent and control the college students’ distress especially during Covid-19 pandemic.
ИМЕННЫЕ КАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЕКЦИИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Флейс М.Э. , Нырцов М.В. , Казанцев Н.Н.
Published: December 2023

Картографической проекцией называется математически выраженный способ отображения поверхности Земли или иного небесного тела, принимаемого за шар или эллипсоид, на плоскости.
Analysis of Leading Agricultural Commodities and Their Role in Regional Development in North Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sinabutar Royana , Lubis Satia Negara , Harahap Hamidah
Published: December 2023

This research explores the analysis of flagship agricultural commodities and their contribution to regional development in North Tapanuli Regency. Utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Location Quotient methodologies, the study identifies prominent crops including irrigated rice, upland rice, corn, and peanuts for food crops; chili, tomatoes, mustard greens, and shallots for vegetables; and coffee, rubber, coconut, and cocoa for perennial crops. The development strategy involves farmer education in conservation agriculture, strengthening cooperative groups, and managing agricultural land conversion. Recommendations suggest the implementation of research findings through programs led by the Department of Agriculture and Plantation, with resource allocation prioritized based on a location-specific priority scale, particularly in the agricultural sector, to support the regional development of North Tapanuli Regency. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to facilitate sustainable agricultural development in the region.
Evaluating Students' E-Learning Satisfaction in English Studies Based on UTAUT
Authors: He Limin , Li Chunming
Published: December 2023

This study assesses factors affecting students’ satisfaction with E-learning for English study based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The sample data collected from 338 students in Zhaoqing University in China have been analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results reveal that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy and hedonic motivation have significant and positive impact on behavioural intention, but social influence and effort expectancy are not directly and significantly related to behavioral intention. Furthermore, behavioral intention, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation directly correlate with students’ satisfaction with E-learning for English study. Performance expectancy indirectly influence students’ satisfaction mediated by behavioral intention. The six constructs of performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, social influence, and behavioural intention account for 65.6 % of the total variance in Chinese students’ satisfaction with E-learning for English study.
Comparative Study of the SBA and MOL Methods. Application to Some Systems of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Himeda Abdarahman Abakar , Mbainguesse Djibet , Abbo Bakari , Pare Youssouf
Published: December 2023

The paper aims at solving two systems of nonlinear partial differential equations , namely the Fisher-Murray and the Fitz Hugh-Nagumo which are two different mathematical models often used to study ecological and biological phenomena. These systems of equations are solved using the numerical Method of Lines (MOL) and the computed solution are compared with the ones obtained from SBA method(combination of Adomian method, Picard and successive approximation) by means of Matlab routines. The results showed the accuracy and the effeciency of two methods.
The Influence of Ethical Leadership on Employee Performance through Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Tangkawarow Gabriely Elyas , Tanoto Sherly Rosalina
Published: December 2023

Employee performance and its antecedents have always been exciting research topics as employee performance impacts organizational success. Concerning this, leaders are considered to have a significant role in influencing employee performance. Despite being extensively discussed in the literature, little research has investigated ethical leadership as a construct. This research examines the impacts of ethical leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, and intrinsic motivation on performance. The novelty of this research is that it uses two mediating variables that have never been used to examine the association between ethical leadership and performance. A quantitative method was used, and data was collected using a survey. Results indicated that ethical leadership affected organizational citizenship behavior and intrinsic motivation but did not affect employee performance. Ethical leadership influences employee performance if mediated by organizational citizenship behavior. These results may provide new insights for scholars and leaders. Theoretically, this study is one of a few attempts to understand the link between ethical leadership and performance, especially in Eastern culture. Our study suggests leaders should demonstrate ethical leadership to promote OCB and employee motivation.
Silica and Silica Compounds
Authors: Marrocco Antonella , Dy Alane Blythe C , Ortiz Luis A. , Slavin Thomas J. , Dotson Scott , Stevens Michael , Brew David W.
Published: December 2023

Crystalline silica is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth. More than 230 million individuals around the world, and more than 2 million workers in the United States, predominantly in construction and mining occupations, are exposed to silica every year. Inhalation of crystalline silica leads to the development of silicosis, a progressive pneumoconiosis characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, for which no specific therapy is available. Silicosis is also associated with increased risk of tuberculosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), kidney disease, and autoimmune disease. These health risks remain elevated even after silica exposure has ceased. Although preventive measures have decreased the mortality attributable to silica exposure in the past decade, this occupational lung disease still kills about 100 people every year in the United States, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Between 1999 and 2013, silicosis was the underlying or contributing cause of death for about 2000 people, and 300 deaths occurred each year between 1991 and 1995, while it decreased to about 100 per year in 2012 and 2013. Data from NIOSH show that a large number of workers are at increased risk for silicosis because of exposure to silica levels that exceed current regulatory standards. Therefore, regulatory agencies have been forced to further reduce the permissible exposure levels (PEL) to 25 μg/m3(micrograms of silica per cubic meter of air) over an 8‐h shift, to improve prophylaxis. Despite these efforts, silicosis remains a global health threat.
Halogenated Benzenes
Authors: Langenbach Blake
Published: December 2023

This group of chemicals is derived through substitutions of chlorine for hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring. The toxicological properties of chlorinated benzenes differ substantially from benzene in that they lack the hematological toxicity and leukemogenic activity that have been associated with benzene. The compounds have an aromatic odor with lower volatilities, higher densities, and lower flammabilities than the parent compound benzene. Some of the settings in which exposures may be encountered are in manufacturing sites, home and public areas where deodorants or disinfectants are present, and in the applications of the materials such as fumigants, insecticides, lacquers, paints, and seed disinfection products.

Because a substantial number of studies have focused on comparative evaluations of compounds in this chemical group, the results of these investigations are presented below prior to detailed discussions of individual compounds. In addition, a summary of various regulatory classifications of these compounds is provided.
Biphasic Catalysis for Sustainable Alkene Epoxidation
Authors: Hegelmann Markus , Schmidt Fabian , Cokoja Mirza
Published: December 2023

This article highlights the epoxidation of alkenes by molecular catalysts in biphasic liquid–liquid media. We showcase strategies for a precise control of the phase behavior of both the catalyst and the substrate, which is dominated by phase‐transfer‐enabling surfactants. The focus is set on the rationale of phase transfer and the efficiency of catalyst recycling. Principally, it is possible to transfer the catalyst to either the aqueous or the organic phase, depending on the type of surfactant and on the requirements for the reaction, for example, catalyst activity versus catalyst recycling. We present these two basic concepts with respect to the type of phase transfer and the interactions between catalyst and surfactant, the catalyst activity, and the possibility for efficient and green catalyst recycling.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells through Surface Defect Passivation with Coplanar Heteroacene Cored A–D–A‐type Molecules
Authors: Jiang Bing‐Huang , Gao Zhen‐Jie , Lung Chien‐Yu , Shi Zhong‐En , Du He‐Yun , Su Yu‐Wei , Shih Hui‐Shan , Lee Kun‐Mu , Hung Hsin‐Huai , Chan Choon Kit , Chen Chih‐Ping , Wong Ken‐Tsung
Published: December 2023

The passivation of perovskite interfacial defects by the electron transport layer (ETL) has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]thieno[3,2‐b:3′,2′‐b′]dipyrrole (DTPT)‐based acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A–D–A) molecules composed of coplanar heteroacene as electron‐donating core end‐capped with various electron‐accepting moieties are designed and examined as ETL modifiers for PSCs. Employing PCBM:DTPTCY as the ETL results in passivation perovskite defects, facilitation energy alignment at the ETL/perovskite interface, and enhancement of carrier transport efficiency. The optimized blended ETL‐based Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 p‐i‐n PSC exhibit performances of 37.2% and 39.9% under TL84 and 3000K LED (1000 lux), respectively. The DTPTCY‐based device demonstrates remarkable stability, retaining 87% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 30 days of storage in a 40% relative humidity (RH) ambient air environment without any encapsulation, surpassing the control device, which retains only 67% of its original PCE. These findings underscore the potential of A–D–A‐type molecule‐based interface modification to enhance passivation and contact properties, ultimately leading to high‐efficiency and stable PSCs.
(1‐10) Facet‐Dominated TiB2 Nanosheets with High Exposure of Dual‐Atom‐Sites for Enhanced Polysulfide Conversion in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Liu Kangfei , Feng Jianrui , Guo Jian , Chen Lu , Feng Yutong , Tang Ya , Lu Hang , Yu Jia , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Hongbin , He Ting
Published: December 2023

Elaborate modulation of the highly active crystal facet emerges as an efficient strategy for enhancing the nanocrystalline catalytic activity. Herein, ultrathin TiB2 nanosheets with preferentially exposed (1‐10) facets are developed as highly efficient catalyst with enriched bonding and electrocatalytic sites in Li‐S batteries. Attributed to the highly equivalent exposure of Ti and B active sites on the (1‐10) surface, the (1‐10) facet‐dominated TiB2 nanosheets maximize the binding effect via Ti and B dual‐atom‐sites adsorption through Ti─S and B─S bonds. More importantly, experiments and theoretical calculations confirm the superb catalytic activity of (1‐10)TiB2 in facilitating the polysulfide conversion and Li2S decomposition, thereby markedly suppressing the shuttling effect and improving the redox kinetics. Consequently, excellent electrochemical properties are achieved in Li‐S batteries, which demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 1469 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and maintain high capacity reversibility at 1 C with a low capacity decay rate of 0.048% over 500 cycles. Even under a sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2, a prominent areal capacity of 4.86 mAh cm−2 is still attained. It is proposed that the crystal surface engineering provides a new path for the structure optimization of sulfur catalysts in Li‐S batteries.
Enhancing Wound Healing and Bactericidal Efficacy: A Hydrogel Membrane of Bacterial Cellulose and Sanxan Gel for Accelerating the Healing of Infected Wounds
Authors: Zhao Xueqing , Shi Yucheng , Niu Shaofang , Wei Xiaoya , Liu Tongtong , Yang Mingbo , Wu Mengmeng , Gao Ge , Ma Ting , Li Guoqiang
Published: December 2023

Bacterial cellulose is an extracellular polysaccharide produced by microorganisms, offering advantages such as high water‐holding capacity, flexibility, and biocompatibility. However, its lack of bactericidal activity hampers its wide application. Usnic acid, a secondary metabolite derived from lichens of the Usnea genus, is recognized for its antibacterial and anti‐biofilm efficiency, coupled with anti‐inflammatory properties. Its water insolubility presents challenges for wide utilization and stable release. Sanxan gel, a novel polysaccharide, exhibits exceptional freeze‐thaw stability, suspension properties, and high elasticity, rendering it effective as a suspending agent to improve the bioavailability of water‐insoluble drugs. In this study, a hydrogel membrane is designed by combining bacterial cellulose and usnic acid suspended in sanxan gel through a simple in situ microorganism fermentation. The obtained membranes demonstrate excellent ability for sustained drug release, strong eradication capability against tested bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, effective inhibition of biofilm formation, and excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Additionally, the composite membranes promote wound healing with reduced inflammation and bacterial infection in a full‐thickness wound infection model in mice. This study provides innovative insights and strategies for the development of functional dressings for infected wounds in future clinical applications.
Photocatalytic Dehydrogenative 6π‐Photocyclisation of Indole Derivatives via Successive Energy Transfer
Authors: He Yishu , Zhang Yihao , Zhao Hang , Wang Xing , He Gaofeng , Huang Rong , Wei Siping , Zhang Zhijie , Fu Qiang
Published: December 2023

Herein, a successive energy transfer (sEnT) strategy to enable a dehydrogenative 6π‐photocyclisation, without the need for an external oxidant is reported, in which the energetically unfavourable dehydrogenation is driven by energy transfer. The valuable applicability of this method was demonstrated by the scaffold hopping of indole containing bioactive molecules, as well as by the succinct synthesis of naturally occurring tetracyclic furocarbazole alkaloids. Moreover, experimental and computational studies were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
Locus Coeruleus‐Dorsolateral Septum Projections Modulate Depression‐Like Behaviors via BDNF But Not Norepinephrine
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xue You , Wei Ke , Wang Hao , Ma Yuan , Wei Yao , Fan Yi , Gao Lei , Yao Hang , Wu Fangfang , Ding Xin , Zhang Qingyu , Ding Jianhua , Fan Yi , Lu Ming , Hu Gang
Published: December 2023

Locus coeruleus (LC) dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of depression; however, the neural circuits and specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this dysfunction remain unclear. Here, it is shown that activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in the LC alleviates depression‐like behaviors in susceptible mice. The dorsolateral septum (dLS) is the most physiologically relevant output from the LC under stress. Stimulation of the LCTH‐dLSSST innervation with optogenetic and chemogenetic tools bidirectionally can regulate depression‐like behaviors in both male and female mice. Mechanistically, it is found that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not norepinephrine, is required for the circuit to produce antidepressant‐like effects. Genetic overexpression of BDNF in the circuit or supplementation with BDNF protein in the dLS is sufficient to produce antidepressant‐like effects. Furthermore, viral knockdown of BDNF in this circuit abolishes the antidepressant‐like effect of ketamine, but not fluoxetine. Collectively, these findings underscore the notable antidepressant‐like role of the LCTH‐dLSSST pathway in depression via BDNF‐TrkB signaling.
In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: McCoy Reece , Oldroyd Sophie , Yang Woojin , Wang Kaixin , Hoven Darius , Bulmer David , Zilbauer Matthias , Owens Róisín M.
Published: December 2023

Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade‐off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host‐pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
Bamboo‐Inspired Crack‐Face Bridging Fiber Reinforced Composites Simultaneously Attain High Strength and Toughness
Authors: Wang Hao , Wu Zhangyu , Tao Jie , Wang Bin , He Chaobin
Published: December 2023

Biological strong and tough materials have been providing original structural designs for developing bioinspired high‐performance composites. However, new synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanisms from bioinspired structures remain yet to be explored and employed to upgrade current carbon material reinforced polymer composites, which are keystone to various modern industries. In this work, from bamboo, the featured cell face‐bridging fibers, are abstracted and embedded in a cellular network structure, and develop an epoxy resin/carbon composite featuring biomimetic architecture through a fabrication approach integrating freeze casting, carbonization, and resin infusion with carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Results show that this bamboo‐inspired crack‐face bridging fiber reinforced composite simultaneously possesses a high strength (430.8 MPa) and an impressive toughness (8.3 MPa m1/2), which surpass those of most resin‐based nanocomposites reported in the literature. Experiments and multiscale simulation models reveal novel synergistic strengthening and toughening mechanisms arising from the 2D faces that bridge the CFs: sustaining and transferring loads to enhance the overall load‐bearing ability and furthermore, incorporating CNTs pullout that resembles the intrinsic toughening at the molecular to nanoscale and strain delocalization, crack branching, and crack deflection as the extrinsic toughening at the microscale. These constitute a new effective and efficient strategy to develop simultaneously strong and tough composites through abstracting and implenting novel bioinspired structures, which contributes to addressing the long‐standingly challenging attainment of both high strength and toughness for advanced structural materials.
A Graphene Geometric Diode with the Highest Asymmetry Ratio and Three States Gate‐Tunable Rectification Ability
Authors: Wang Heng , Chen Maolin , Yang Yiming , Ma Yinchang , Luo Linqu , Liu Chen , Getmanov Igor , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Zhang Xixiang , Shamim Atif
Published: December 2023

Graphene geometric diodes, with applications in THz detection, energy harvesting, and high‐speed rectification, have been previously constrained by graphene quality and geometry feature size. This study presents significant advancements in graphene geometric diodes by employing the h‐BN/monolayer graphene/h‐BN heterojunction and extremely precise electron beam lithography. Two distinct designs of graphene geometric diodes with neck widths of 23 and 26 nm are fabricated, the superior of which demonstrated an asymmetry ratio of 1.97, a zero bias current responsivity of 0.6 A W−1, and a voltage responsivity of 12,000 V W−1, setting new benchmarks for such devices. Integrating this device into a rectification circuit, the experimentally validate that the rectified DC output voltage can be dynamically modulated and even inverted through adjustments to the diode's gate voltage. This behavior aligns seamlessly with graphene's intrinsic tunability of charge carriers, implying promising prospects for the device's application in advanced logic circuits, bidirectional switches, and signal modulation/demodulation techniques.
Measurement of droplet coalescence in a mixing tank
Authors: Cai Yubin , Yang Zhongshu , Jin Yijing , Jing Shan , Lan Wenjie , Li Shaowei
Published: December 2023

It is in urgent requirement to directly measure the droplet coalescence frequency for the application of the population balance model. In this study, a method was firstly developed to directly measure the droplet coalescence frequency in turbulent flow field by using a specially designed mixing tank and a high‐speed camera. The effects of the rotating speed and holdup fraction on the droplet coalescence frequency were quantitatively investigated. The increasing of rotation speed promotes first and then inhibits the coalescence, while the holdup fraction has little influence on the coalescence frequency function. The droplet collision frequency was also counted and the coalescence efficiency was calculated. The models in the literature were tested with our experimental data and were found failing to predict the coalescence frequency in the stirring tank. Empirical correlation was finally proposed and good agreement was found between the prediction results and the experimental data.