bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial dose recommendation for sirolimus in paediatric kaposiform haemangioendothelioma patients based on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Dong-Dong , Xu Hong , Li Zhi-Ping
Published: August 2020

Objective

Sirolimus has been used to treat paediatric kaposiform haemangioendothelioma patients. However, there is considerable pharmacokinetic variability among individuals, and it is difficult to develop an initial dosing regimen. The goal of the present study is to recommend an initial sirolimus dose in paediatric kaposiform haemangioendothelioma patients based on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics.

Methods

This was a retrospective clinical study. A population pharmacokinetics model was established and population characteristics, laboratory test results, drug combinations, and pharmacogenomics were considered as potential covariates. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the optimal initial dosage.

Results

The final covariates that affect sirolimus clearance include weight and the CYP3A5 genotype. The initial dosage of sirolimus for individuals with CYP3A5*3/*3 was 0.20 mg/kg split into two doses for 5 to 60 kg body weight. For individuals with CYP3A5*1, the initial dose was 0.23 mg/kg split into two doses for 5 to 30 kg body weight and 0.20 mg/kg split into two doses for 30 to 60 kg body weight.

Conclusion

The recommendation for the initial sirolimus dose in paediatric kaposiform haemangioendothelioma patients was based on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics. This study may provide practical value for sirolimus clinical use in paediatric kaposiform haemangioendothelioma patients.
Thoracoscopic right apical segmentectomy for lung cancer with tracheal bronchus and variable pulmonary vein: a case report and literature review
Authors: Qi Weibo , Yang Fan , Liu Haitao , Sun Yu
Published: August 2020

A 51-year-old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of an abnormal chest shadow in the right lung detected during a routine annual check-up. Chest computed tomography showed a 14-mm ground-glass opacity in the right upper lobe, suspicious for lung cancer. At the same time, a tracheal bronchus originating directly from the trachea was observed. In addition to the tracheal bronchus, a pulmonary vein variation running dorsal to the pulmonary artery was detected. She underwent thoracoscopic apical segmentectomy and mediastinal lymph node sampling. Her postoperative course was uneventful. Tracheal bronchus is a rare anomaly, with an incidence of 0.1% to 2%. However, tracheal bronchus is often accompanied by pulmonary vessel variations, and care should thus be taken when performing thoracoscopic lung resection.
Long-Term Vehicle Speed Prediction via Historical Traffic Data Analysis for Improved Energy Efficiency of Connected Electric Vehicles
Authors: Amini Mohammad Reza , Feng Yiheng , Yang Zhen , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Sun Jing
Published: August 2020

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are expected to provide enhanced safety, mobility, and energy efficiency. While abundant evidence has been accumulated showing substantial energy saving potentials of CAVs through eco-driving, traffic condition prediction has remained to be the main challenge in capitalizing the gains. The coupled power and thermal subsystems of CAVs necessitate the use of different speed preview windows for effective and integrated power and thermal management. Real-time vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications can provide an accurate speed prediction over a short prediction horizon (e.g., 30 s to 60 s), but not for a long range (e.g., over 180 s). Therefore, advanced approaches are required to develop detailed speed prediction for robust optimization-based energy management of CAVs. This paper presents an integrated speed prediction framework based on historical traffic data classification and real-time V2I communications for efficient energy management of electrified CAVs. The proposed framework provides multi-range speed predictions with different fidelity over short and long horizons. The proposed multi-range speed prediction is integrated with an economic model predictive control (MPC) strategy for the battery thermal management (BTM) of connected and automated electric vehicles (EVs). The simulation results over real-world urban driving cycles confirm the enhanced prediction performance of the proposed data classification strategy over a long prediction horizon. Despite the uncertainty in long-range CAVs’ speed predictions, the vehicle-level simulation results show that 14% and 19% energy savings can be accumulated sequentially through eco-driving and BTM optimization (eco-cooling), respectively, when compared with normal driving (i.e., human driver) and conventional BTM strategy.
The Use of Response to Intervention to Inform Special Education Eligibility Decisions for Students With Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Gartland Debi , Strosnider Roberta
Published: August 2020

This is an official position paper of the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD), of which the Council for Learning Disabilities has been a long-standing, active member. Response to intervention (RTI) is a critical component of a multi-tiered service delivery system. This NJCLD paper presents concerns related to the implementation of RTI and its use as the sole method of evaluation to determine the identification and eligibility for special education as a student with a specific learning disability (SLD) and implications for transition.
The Effect of Determining Pair Programming Groups According to Various Individual Difference Variables on Group Compatibility, Flow, and Coding Performance
Authors: Demir Ömer , Seferoglu Süleyman Sadi
Published: August 2020

This study's goal was to investigate the effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous pairs in terms of individual differences on group compatibility, flow, and coding performance in pair programming. In line with this goal, five individual difference variables of gender, learning style, friendship, the conscientiousness component of personality traits, and prior knowledge of coding were determined in order to use them in the determination of pairs in pair programming. In the quantitative section of this mixed study, a non-equivalent control group posttest only experimental design was utilized. Sixty-four volunteer university students were included in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow in the case of learning style. On the other hand, in the case of friendship, the homogeneous group experienced a higher level of flow, while the heterogeneous group demonstrated a higher level of coding performance. Concerning the conscientiousness component of personality traits, the heterogeneous group showed a higher level of coding performance. In line with these findings, suggestions for both researchers and practitioners of coding education were made in the full text.
The New York Times’ presentation of Iran’s government in news articles before and after the nuclear deal
Authors: Khanjani Mehrnaz
Published: August 2020

By applying framing analysis to the New York Times’ news articles, this study shows that during the nuclear negotiations and after the deal, Iran and its officials were framed with Orientalist stereotypes. The Foreign Minister was positively presented for his Western attributes and framed as an enemy for his affiliations with the government. President Rouhani’s framing discredited him by highlighting the despotic nature of Iran, and the Leader was presented as an irrational despot.
A Qualitative Descriptive Study: Young Adults’ Experiences With Biofeedback
Authors: Bolin Linda P. , Horne Carolyn E. , Wei Holly
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

This study explored the experiences of young adults who participated in biofeedback training and reported a family history of cardiovascular disease.

Design:

A qualitative descriptive study design was used.

Method:

Private semistructured interviews were conducted on a purposive sample. Young adults ( N = 9) were interviewed about their experiences using paced breathing biofeedback training with continuous blood pressure monitoring. Codes were identified across the sample with common themes recorded.

Findings:

Data analysis yielded four themes: skeptical inquisition, tangible impression, positive health impact, and motivation. Prior to using biofeedback, participants were extremely skeptical of the training. However, all participants found it useful for health maintenance and stress reduction.

Conclusions:

Biofeedback therapy may be a promising alternative and holistic approach to managing blood pressure and psychological stress in young adults. This is a complementary approach that nurses can incorporate when caring for the holistic needs of young adults.
Standing Arthroscopic Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Sepsis in a Horse
Authors: Elzer Elizabeth J. , Wulster Kathryn B. , Richardson Dean W. , Ortved Kyla F.
Published: August 2020

A 15-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for investigation of fever, right temporomandibular region swelling, and progressive pain when opening the mouth. Right temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sepsis was diagnosed based on synovial fluid analysis, sonographic imaging, and standing robotic cone-beam computed tomography. Concurrent otitis media and temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) were also noted. The horse was treated with arthroscopic debridement and lavage during standing sedation followed by local and systemic antimicrobial therapy. There were no complications associated with the surgical procedure and the gelding’s clinical signs resolved. Arthroscopy of the TMJ can be accomplished in the standing horse and should be considered when arthroscopic exploration or debridement of this joint is indicated. This is also the first case report of concurrent otitis media, TMJ sepsis, and THO; due to their close anatomic relationship, it is possible that septic otitis media could lead to pathology in the TMJ and temporohyoid joint, as described in humans.
Coopetition Among Social Enterprises: A Three-Level Dynamic Motivated by Social and Economic Goals
Authors: Arenas Daniel , Hai Solange , De Bernardi Chiara
Published: August 2020

While scholars have analyzed the emergence and characteristics of social enterprises, and their internal tensions between conflicting logics, we have little understanding of the dynamics at the interorganizational level between social enterprises. Based on an in-depth, qualitative study with work integration social enterprises in the secondhand clothes industry, we uncover the dynamics of simultaneous cooperation and competition. Our analysis shows that social enterprises simultaneously—rather than sequentially—engage in coopetitive actions at three levels of action: operational, stakeholder, and environmental interface. At each level, social enterprises engage in different coopetitive actions that do not easily fall under the commercial–social tension usually studied in the social entrepreneurship literature. Social and economic goals motivate both competition and cooperation, but we argue that this plays out differently at each level of coopetition. We conclude with implications for theory and practice.
No Voice, No Choice: Assessing Danish Active Labour Market Policies Using Sen’s Capability Approach
Authors: Fernandez-Urbano Roger , Orton Michael
Published: August 2020

Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) are the subject of ongoing interest, which has included the framing of ALMPs as the re-commodification of labour. It has also been argued that Sen’s Capability Approach (CA) offers the potential to reconsider ALMPs from a more progressive viewpoint – so, is this the case and to what extent is, or can, the CA be a helpful research and analytical tool with which to study ALMPs? These questions are addressed through a reflexive examination of a study of Danish ALMPs, which utilized the CA and key themes of capabilities promotion, voice and choice. The CA influenced all aspects of the research design, methods and analysis. It is argued that the CA is a helpful methodology in bringing a new perspective to studying ALMPs. Additionally, the study raised concerns about the trajectory of the Danish ALMPs studied and possible alternatives to current approaches.
‘I Wanted More Women in, but . . .’: Oblique Resistance to Gender Equality Initiatives
Authors: Smolović Jones Owain , Smolović Jones Sanela , Taylor Scott , Yarrow Emily
Published: August 2020

Despite many interventions designed to change the gender demographics of positional leadership roles in organizations and professions, women continue to be under-represented in most arenas. Here we explore gender equality (GE) interventions through the example of positive discrimination quotas in politics to develop an understanding of resistance to them. Our case is the British Labour Party, analysing interviews with the people who designed, implemented and resisted the system of all-women shortlists. We develop the notion of ‘oblique resistance’ to describe an indirect form of resistance to the erosion of patriarchal power, which never directly confronts the issue of GE, yet actively undermines it. Oblique resistance is practised in three key ways: through appeals to ethics, by marking territory and in appeals to convention. We conclude by considering the conceptual and practical implications of oblique resistance, when direct and more overt resistance to GE is increasingly socially unacceptable.
Absence from Work after the Birth of the First Child and Mothers’ Retirement Incomes: A Comparative Analysis of 10 European Countries
Authors: Dotti Sani Giulia M , Luppi Matteo
Published: August 2020

This article investigates whether a prolonged absence from the workforce after the birth of the first child is associated with mothers having a lower retirement income and whether cross-national variations in family policy and pension systems moderate the relationship between work interruptions and retirement incomes in 10 European countries. The analysis, based on five waves of SHARE data, indicates that the longer a mother abstains from work after the birth of her first child, the lower her retirement income is. However, the association is negligible in countries where mothers are historically supported by a comprehensive welfare system, namely Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. The findings indicate that generous work–family reconciliation policies and a universally oriented pensions system are most effective in minimising long-term motherhood income penalties when they are jointly present, pointing to the importance of policy packages that combine active and passive measures to achieve dual decommodification.
Process optimization through closed-loop Kaizen with discrete event simulation: A case study in China
Authors: Qu Yuanju , Ming Xinguo , Qiu Siqi , Liu Zhiwen , Zhang Xianyu , Hou Zengtao
Published: August 2020

This article presents a closed-loop Kaizen system with discrete event simulation in the stage of design and reengineering of mass-customization production system. This approach contains four steps: current process analysis, production line design, discrete event simulation to solve the dynamic event questions, and implements and evaluation. The current process analysis and the production line design refer to the value stream mapping and the productivity analysis based on Kaizen principle, respectively. Production line designs are the modeling basis of discrete event simulation, and discrete event simulation feeds back results to the decision-makers to reduce waste and cost and improve the quality and productivity by reforming the production line. Therefore, by connecting the closed-loop Kaizen with discrete event simulation, the production line can be continuously and automatically improved. To demonstrate the potentials of the closed-loop Kaizen system, a case study was applied based on the original production layout and economic benefits were achieved. Moreover, this article indicates a direction for the full automation of process optimization.
Investigation of mechanical properties and microstructures of GH536 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Ren Yunpeng , Lu Heng , Xu Dongyang , Chen Yan , Xin Zhiduo , Ni Jian , Ge Liang , Li Zhiyu , Liu Rui
Published: August 2020

Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of superalloys has received increasing attention in these years. In this article, the influence of parameters of laser powder bed fusion on mechanical properties and microstructures of nickel-based superalloy GH536 was investigated. Influence of laser power, scanning speed, hatch space and building direction on mechanical properties was discussed, and the optimal parameters were obtained. The relative density of samples fabricated by laser powder bed fusion could be as high as 99.5%. The processing window of laser energy density with 8.56 × 104–1.15 × 105 J/cm3 should be employed to make sure that the relative density is higher than 98%. The ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of GH536 sample made by laser powder bed fusion were 950 and 606 MPa, respectively, which were superior to samples with the tensile strength of 767 MPa and yield strength of 379 MPa prepared by traditional hot forging method. The hardness of the sample could reach 316.8 HV.
Investigation of hybrid manufacturing of stainless steel 316L components using direct energy deposition
Authors: Tapoglou Nikolaos , Clulow Joseph
Published: August 2020

Direct energy deposition has been established as one of the methods for additive manufacturing metallic parts. The combination of direct energy deposition capabilities with traditional machining centre capabilities has enabled over the past few years the creation of hybrid manufacturing cells that are able to additively manufacture and finish machine components under one platform. This article investigates the production of geometries using a hybrid, additive and subtractive approach. The parameters for depositing stainless steel 316L are initially investigated followed by an assessment of machinability of the additively manufactured material. Finally, the quality of the deposited and machined material was thoroughly examined with a series of destructive and non-destructive methods.
Car abuse rate: A car treatment history representation
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Aysan , Eshghi Farshad , Kelarestaghi Manoochehr
Published: August 2020

Trade of pre-owned context-dependent-pricey mechanical equipment involves lots of uncertainty, due to the complexity of the condition checking procedure of this category of equipment. We put forward the idea of continuous operation monitoring and simple reporting to make this trade experience as efficient and peaceful as possible. To validate the practicality of the idea, we choose pre-owned passenger vehicles as the target use-case. In the last several years, the market for secondhand car sales has grown a lot, due to its affordability and rising new car prices, thus, giving it a larger share of the overall car market’s value. The used car trade is usually a time-consuming, stressful, and fraud-prone process. In this paper, we propose a system, which is a novel concept rather than technology, to represent the treatment history of a car simply with two scores, denoting the mechanical and the body treatments, using the electronic control unit and other add-on sensors’ information. These scores are cyclically and wirelessly transmitted to and recorded in a data center to be fetched at a later time. The two treatment scores alongside the production year, the mileage, the vehicle history reports, and online marketplace valuations provide buyers with comfort and peace of mind in choosing a used car.
A new study on dynamic adjustment of vibration direction angle for dual-motor-driven vibrating screen
Authors: Chen Bing , Yan Jiwei , Yin Zhongjun , Tamma Kumar K
Published: August 2020

For a dual-motor-driven elliptical vibrating screen, the driving frequencies of the two motors are studied in this paper and it exposes the significant influences of different driving frequencies on the vibration direction angle of the self-synchronous system. A dynamic model is established to demonstrate the new concepts and innovative ideas put forth in this paper. Simulink and prototype experiments are implemented to further study the influences of different driving frequencies on the phase angle and the vibration direction angle. The results of simulation and experiments shows that vibrating screen driven by the two motors can not only achieve a stable synchronization within a certain frequency range by changing the driving frequency of either of the two motors, but also the vibration direction angle significantly changes at similar but different driving frequencies. This is an important finding that has important significance for the future operations of dual-motor-driven vibrating screen in industry. The method developed in this study would be a valuable engineering tool which can be used in design and application of the screens and the screening operations.
Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E. , Larsson Lönn Sara , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Kendler Kenneth S.
Published: August 2020

Investigations of social-genetic effects, whereby a social partner’s genotype affects another’s outcomes, can be confounded by the influence of the social partner’s rearing environment. We used marital information on more than 300,000 couples from Swedish national data to disentangle social-genetic from rearing-environment effects for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using observational and extended-family designs, we found that (a) marriage to a spouse with a predisposition toward AUD (as indexed by a parental history of AUD) increased risk for developing AUD; (b) this increased risk was not explained by socioeconomic status, the spouse’s AUD status, or contact with the spouse’s parents; and (c) this increased risk reflected the psychological consequences of the spouse having grown up with an AUD-affected parent (i.e., a rearing-environment effect) rather than a social-genetic effect. Findings illustrate that a spouse’s rearing-environment exposures may confer risk for AUD.
Reward Enhances Pain Discrimination in Humans
Authors: Becker Susanne , Löffler Martin , Seymour Ben
Published: August 2020

The notion that reward inhibits pain is a well-supported observation in both humans and animals, allowing suppression of pain reflexes to acquired rewarding stimuli. However, a blanket inhibition of pain by reward would also impair pain discrimination. In contrast, early counterconditioning experiments implied that reward might actually spare pain discrimination. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether discriminative performance was enhanced or inhibited by reward. We found in adult human volunteers ( N = 25) that pain-based discriminative ability is actually enhanced by reward, especially when reward is directly contingent on discriminative performance. Drift-diffusion modeling shows that this relates to an augmentation of the underlying sensory signal strength and is not merely an effect of decision bias. This enhancement of sensory-discriminative pain-information processing suggests that whereas reward can promote reward-acquiring behavior by inhibition of pain in some circumstances, it can also facilitate important discriminative information of the sensory input when necessary.
Vegetation and climate change during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age on the southern Cape coast of South Africa: Pollen evidence from Bo Langvlei
Authors: du Plessis Nadia , Chase Brian M , Quick Lynne J , Haberzettl Torsten , Kasper Thomas , Meadows Michael E
Published: August 2020

This paper presents continuous, high resolution fossil pollen and microcharcoal records from Bo Langvlei, a lake in the Wilderness Embayment on South Africa’s southern Cape coast. Spanning the past ~1300 years and encompassing the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; c. AD 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (LIA; c. AD 1300–1850), these records provide a rare southern African perspective on past temperature, moisture and vegetation change during these much debated periods of the recent geological past. Considered together with other records from the Wilderness Embayment, we conclude that conditions in the region during the MCA chronozone were – in the context of the last 1300 years – likely relatively dry (reduced levels of Afrotemperate forest pollen) and perhaps slightly cooler (increased percentages of Stoebe-type pollen) than present. The most significant phase of forest expansion, and more humid conditions, occurred during the transition between the MCA and the most prominent cooling phase of the LIA. The LIA is clearly identified at this locality as a period of cool, dry conditions between c. AD 1600 and 1850. The mechanisms driving the changes observed in the Bo Langvlei pollen record appear to be generally linked to changes in temperature, and changes in the influence of tropical circulation systems. During warmer periods, moisture availability was higher at Bo Langvlei, and rainfall was perhaps less seasonal. During colder periods, precipitation resulting from tropical disturbances was more restricted, resulting in drier conditions. While increased precipitation has been reported during the LIA from Verlorenvlei in the Western Cape as a result of an equatorward displacement of the westerly storm-track at this time, the opposing response at Bo Langvlei suggests that any increased influence of westerlies was insufficient to compensate for the concurrent reduction in tropical/local rainfall in the region.
Exposure matters: Forest dynamics reveal an early Holocene conifer refugium on a north facing slope in Central Europe
Authors: Pató Zsuzsanna Anna , Standovár Tibor , Gałka Mariusz , Jakab Gusztáv , Molnár Mihály , Szmorad Ferenc , Magyari Enikő
Published: August 2020

Although several studies provide a broad overview of vegetation changes in the Carpathian Basin during the Holocene, stand-scale vegetation changes are lesser known because of the rarity of suitable sampling sites. In this study we investigated the sediment of a small closed-canopy site (Nagy-forrás forest hollow, 685 m a.s.l., 0.1 ha), located in the Mátra Mountains, on the north facing slope of Kékes (1014 m a.s.l.). We carried out detailed pollen, conifer stomata and plant macrofossil analyses, as well as radiocarbon dating to examine Late Glacial and Holocene dynamics of vegetation development. The site dates back to ca. 15,500 cal yr BP, when open boreal forests and wet tundra-like habitats occurred around the hollow. Closed forest cover developed around 14,600 cal yr BP, when a boreal European larch-Swiss stone pine ( Larix decidua-Pinus cembra) forest surrounded the hollow. This vegetation type remained stable up to 7700 cal yr BP. We observed a hiatus between 7700 and 2710 cal yr BP, followed by a beech ( Fagus sylvatica) dominated mixed temperate deciduous forest. Our results confirmed that the area was covered by a primary forest, as human influence was visible only from 175 cal yr BP. The relatively long lasting persistence of Pinus cembra in the Holocene at relatively low altitude was documented, which has never been found in Holocene sediments in the Pre-Carpathians before. We hypothesize that the north facing slope acted as a cold-stage refugium in the Early Holocene and could play the same role for the present-day beech forest that is threatened by recent climate change.
Nobiletin ameliorates nonylphenol-induced testicular damage by improving biochemical, steroidogenic, hormonal, spermatogenic, apoptotic and histological profile
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Tahir Arfa , Samad Abdul , Anwar Haseeb
Published: August 2020

Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental contaminant, which adversely affects the male fertility due to endocrine disruption and generation of oxidative stress. The current research was planned to assess the effects of nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavone, on NP-induced testicular damages. Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups: control (0.1% DMSO), NP group (50 mg/kg), NP+NOB group (50 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg), and NOB group (25 mg/kg). Our results revealed that NP brought down the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GSR), while elevated the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Additionally, NP decreased the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), plasma testosterone, daily sperm production (DSP), epididymal sperm count, viability, motility, gene expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), as well as number of spermatogenic cells belonging to various stages. Whereas, sperm (head, mid-piece/neck and tail) abnormalities, expression of apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3), and histopathological damages were increased. However, NOB remarkably reversed all the damages caused by NP. Therefore, it is deduced that NOB could be used as a potential therapeutic to counter the NP-prompted oxidative stress and apoptotic damages in testes.
Jargon use in Public Understanding of Science papers over three decades
Authors: Baram-Tsabari Ayelet , Wolfson Orli , Yosef Roy , Chapnik Noam , Brill Adi , Segev Elad
Published: August 2020

Public Understanding of Science is an interdisciplinary journal serving the scholarly community and practitioners. This article reports an analysis of the readability and jargon in articles published in Public Understanding of Science throughout its almost three decades of existence to examine trends in accessibility to diverse audiences. The accessibility of Public Understanding of Science articles published in 1999/2000 (47), 2009 (49) and 2019 (65) was assessed in terms of readability and use of jargon. Readability decreased and use of jargon increased between 1999 and 2000 and the two following decades for empirical and non-empirical papers, and all parts including the abstracts. An analysis of rare words shows that most are not part of the general academic vocabulary or disciplinary jargon, but rather words that appeared only in one article. Public Understanding of Science has moved away from everyday language. This does not mean it is incomprehensible to its scholarly readership, but may have consequences to other audiences such as practitioners.
Ida Belle Scudder and Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw: The two iconic women who shaped the face of radiation oncology in India
Authors: Bansal Manishi , Jindal Ankush , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan
Published: August 2020

The early twentieth century India saw profound paucity in health care delivery and education, and the beliefs of people were ruled mainly by ignorance, superstitions and myths. Diseases like cancer and its treatment were totally unknown during that time in India. Dr Ida Belle Scudder, American woman, came to India to break all norms and sacrificed her entire life to work in a missionary hospital. Gradually she trained herself to treat cancer patients and established a fully equipped radiotherapy centre to treat such patients. Later, the field of radiation oncology was transformed and modernised by another influential woman, Dr Ketayun Ardeshir Dinshaw, who with her leadership attributes left no stone unturned to firmly establish the role of radiation in the management of cancer and bringing its benefits to the people of India.
Analysis of irradiated Argentinean fetal bovine serum for adventitious agents
Authors: Pecora Andrea , Pérez López Jorgelina , Jordán Maximiliano J. , Franco Lautaro N. , Politzki Romina , Ruiz Vanesa , Alvarez Irene
Published: August 2020

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) used in cell culture may be contaminated with adventitious agents, which can affect the production of biologicals and the results of clinical laboratory tests. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence of adventitious agent contamination of Argentinean irradiated FBS dating from 2015 to 2019. We analyzed FBS batches for mycoplasma and adventitious viruses (bovine pestiviruses, bovine adenovirus, bluetongue virus, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, rabies virus, bovine parvovirus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and reovirus). Cell passages followed by direct immunofluorescence were carried out to check viability of the mentioned adventitious agents. Also, molecular detection of mycoplasma and pestiviruses was performed on the FBS samples. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against pestiviruses was determined. Molecular analyses indicated that frequencies of mycoplasma and pestiviruses in FBS were 14% and 84%, respectively. All of the batches were seronegative for pestiviral antibodies. After cell passages, all FBS samples were negative for hemadsorbent agents and by immunofluorescence for all of the viral species analyzed; PCR assays were negative for mycoplasma and pestiviruses. Our results demonstrate that, of all adventitious agents tested, local FBS batches only had traces of mycoplasma and pestiviruses; gamma irradiation was effective in inactivating them.
Sliding mode predictive vibration control of a piezoelectric flexible plate
Authors: Qiu Zhi-cheng , Wang Tao-xian , Zhang Xian-min
Published: August 2020

A non-contact vibration measurement and control system for a piezoelectric-patched flexible cantilever plate is presented, using laser displacement sensors. Two laser displacement sensors are utilized to detect the deflection information of the two corners of the end of the flexible board, due to its high measurement accuracy for the small amplitude residual vibration. The vibrations of the first bending and torsional mode of the flexible plate can be extracted from the combined information. To achieve a desirable performance for the active vibration control, a kind of sliding mode predictive control strategy is developed to damp the vibration quickly. Simulation of the controller on bending and torsional vibration is conducted, based on the model built with finite element method. Furthermore, a piezoelectric flexible cantilever plate experimental setup is constructed. Experiments are conducted. The results of simulation and experiment both demonstrate the effectiveness of presented control scheme, compared with proportional and derivative control; the sliding mode predictive control can attenuate the vibration more quickly, particularly for the small amplitude residual vibration.
Dental Age, Agenesis, and Morphology in Patients With Operated Single-Suture Craniosynostoses
Authors: Leinonen Sami , Rice David , Leikola Junnu , Heliövaara Arja
Published: August 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental age, agenesis, and morphology of children with surgically operated single-suture craniosynostoses from orthopantomographs.

Design:

A single-centered cross-sectional observational archival study.

Patients:

A sample of 196 Finnish patients with single-suture craniosynostosis without additional birth defects or syndromes (excluding Muenke syndrome) was included in this study.

Main Outcome Measures:

Dental age was assessed using the method developed by Demirjian et al. and modified by Nyström et al. for the Finnish population. Methods described by Tulensalo et al. and Oehlers et al. were used to study taurodontism and dens invaginatus, respectively.

Results:

The study sample of 149 patients was divided into 3 groups: patients with sagittal synostosis (n = 103), coronal synostosis (n = 25), and metopic synostosis (n = 21). Orthopantomographs taken on average at ages 8.20 to 8.33 were used. The dental ages in different groups were on average 0.37, 0.60, and 0.66 years ahead of normative values, for sagittal, coronal, and metopic groups, respectively. Tooth agenesis, taurodontism, and invaginated teeth were found in all groups with invaginations having a high prevalence. Peg-shaped upper lateral incisors and one geminated lower lateral incisor were also found.

Conclusions:

These descriptive data may help improve dental care in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis.
Phase 3 Clinical Trial: Perioperative Use of Nonacog Gamma, a Recombinant Factor IX, in Previously Treated Patients With Moderate/Severe Hemophilia B
Authors: Windyga Jerzy , Timofeeva Margarita , Stasyshyn Oleksandra , Mamonov Vasily , Lamas Castellanos José Luis , Lissitchkov Toshko , Chojnowski Krzysztof , Chapman Miranda , Pavlova Borislava G. , Tangada Srilatha
Published: August 2020

Hemostatic management is essential for ensuring the safety of patients with hemophilia during surgery. This phase 3, prospective, uncontrolled trial, evaluated hemostatic efficacy, consumption, and safety of a recombinant factor IX concentrate, nonacog gamma (BAX 326, Rixubis® [Baxalta US Inc., a Takeda company, Lexington, MA, USA]), in intraoperative and postoperative settings in previously treated patients (PTPs) with severe or moderately severe hemophilia B undergoing elective surgery (N = 38 surgeries; 21 major, 17 minor). Predefined preoperative hemostatic factor IX levels (80-100% of normal for major and 30-60% for minor surgeries) were maintained for each patient. Intraoperative efficacy was rated as “excellent” or “good” for all surgeries. Postoperative hemostatic efficacy on day of discharge was rated as “excellent,” “good,” and “fair,” respectively, for 29 (76.3%), 7 (18.4%), and 2 (5.3%) surgical procedures. All adverse events were considered unrelated to study drug; most frequently reported was mild procedural pain (9 patients). No thrombotic events, severe allergic reactions, or inhibitor formation were observed. Nonacog gamma was well tolerated and effective for intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic management of PTPs with hemophilia B.

NCT01507896, EudraCT: 2011-000413-39
Mass and stiffness identification of particle beam system based on a dynamic effective mass method
Authors: Hong Guangyang , Li Jian , Pan Jingwu , Fang Jianhong , Li Hongying
Published: August 2020

We perform an investigation on identification of the complicated particle beam system, focusing on the occurrence and the mechanism of the resonant peaks. The concept concerning dynamic effective mass of the particle beam system is put forward, which realizes the decoupling of mass, stiffness, and damping. Excitation strategies, such as constant amplitude variable frequency sweep, are used during the testing process. The relationships between the dynamic effective mass of the particle beam system and the excitation frequency are recorded to study the mass and stiffness effects of the system. The results show that the variation of system stiffness and the negative mass are the main reasons for occurrence of resonant peaks. On the basis of the variation tendency of stiffness, we infer that the particle flow state transits from solid state to liquid state and thus, the whole frequency band is divided into three regions with an increase in excitation frequency. Within the region of solid state, resonant frequencies can be estimated roughly, which also proves reliability of the inference. The influence of burial depth and force amplitude on stiffness and mass of the system is investigated to reveal the tendency of all peaks and explain the jump phenomenon roughly.
Barriers and Facilitators of Parent Engagement With Health Promotion in Child Care: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Authors: Luecking Courtney T. , Dobson Phillip , Ward Dianne S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Early care and education providers cite lack of parent engagement as a central barrier to promoting healthy behaviors among young children. However, little research exists about factors influencing parent engagement with promoting healthy eating and activity behaviors in the this setting.

Aims

This study aimed to address this gap by examining low and high parent engagement with the Healthy Me, Healthy We campaign to identify barriers and facilitators of parent engagement with the intervention.

Method

This comparative case study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. We created center-level parent engagement scores using process evaluation data from the effectiveness trial of Healthy Me, Healthy We. Recruitment focused on centers with the five lowest and five highest scores. Twenty-eight adults (7 directors, 9 teachers, 12 parents) from seven centers (3 low engagement, 4 high engagement) completed semistructured interviews and the Family and Provider/Teacher Relationship Quality measure. Analytic approaches included descriptive statistical analyses for surveys and a framework-informed thematic analysis for interviews.

Results

Prominent contrasts between low- and high-engagement groups involved center culture for parent engagement and health promotion, practices for fostering networks and communication within centers, and communication between centers and parents. Personal attributes of providers (e.g., attitudes) also differentially influenced practices for engaging parents.

Discussion and Conclusion

Organizational characteristics and individual practices can facilitate or impede parent engagement with health promotion efforts. Assessing organizational context, gaining input from all stakeholders, and conducting capacity-building interventions may be critical for laying the foundation for positive relationships that support parent engagement in implementation of health promotion programs and beyond.
Where you Look Depends on What you are Willing to Afford: Eye Tracking in Menus
Authors: Ngan Henrique Fátima Boyol , Bavik Ali , Kuo Chen-Feng , Yu Chung-En
Published: August 2020

The first impression that diners receive from a food and beverage establishment is via its menu, which conveys more information than just price and food offerings. Despite evidence that suggests possible gaze patterns across restaurant menus, it remains largely unknown how different consumers process this information across different types of menus. Hence, the present study aims to examine consumer visual patterns across traditional Chinese menus compared with regular menus in relation to their price-consciousness, using eye-tracking methodology. Contrary to previous studies that suggest general patterns of scanpaths in reading menus, the findings of the current study note that “price-conscious” consumers exhibit different gaze patterns. Additionally, the menu layout appears to play a role in consumer processing of menu-related data as well. Thus, it is important that restauranteurs define their target consumers and design their menus accordingly.
Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis following coil embolization of posterior communicating artery aneurysm: Report of two cases
Authors: Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Nilforushan Naveed , Zand Amin , Kohansal Rahim
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

The purpose was to present two patients with superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis following coil embolization of posterior communicating artery aneurysm, that have not been reported after this particular procedure yet.

Methods:

We present two patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to posterior communicating artery aneurysms, who were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. Shortly after the procedure, both cases demonstrated painful proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, increased intraocular pressure, intraretinal hemorrhage and macular edema on the ipsilateral side, with congestion of intraorbital tissues and thickened and dilated superior ophthalmic vein in neuroimaging investigation. The occlusion was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography.

Results:

Patients were treated with anticoagulant agents and systemic corticosteroids immediately and then received medical treatment by an ophthalmologist for ocular complications of superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis.

Conclusion:

Isolated superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT) is rare, but may be associated with sight-threatening complications. After intracranial interventions on cerebral vessels, clinical features of SOVT including choroidal effusion syndrome should be investigated, and the patients should receive prompt and proper care including ophthalmic medications and systemic anticoagulants to restrict the ocular and systemic complications.
Efficacy of 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (T-EDTA) catheter lock solution in home parenteral nutrition patients: A quality improvement evaluation
Authors: Hill Jocelyn , Garner Rachel
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

A functioning and reliable central venous access device is fundamental for home parenteral nutrition patients to administer essential nutrition. Complications of central venous access devices including occlusion, microbial colonization, and biofilm formation are problematic and sometimes life-threatening. A novel lock solution, 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, has properties that may reduce such complications.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the safety, efficacy, and cost implications of implementing 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to prevent catheter-related complications in home parenteral nutrition patients.

Methods:

A pre- and post-intervention study was carried over 36 months (12 months pre; 24 months post) by the British Columbia Home Parenteral Nutrition Program in Vancouver, Canada, where 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was implemented for patients at high risk for central venous access device occlusion and catheter-related infection. Patients were included in the study if they had previous central venous access device complications. The outcomes evaluated were central line-associated bloodstream infection, catheter occlusion requiring thrombolytic treatment, and catheter replacements.

Results:

In total, 22 out of 105 patients met the inclusion criteria. Two patients were excluded from analyses due to non-adherence and concomitant use of other lock solutions. Post intervention, 20 home parenteral nutrition patients experienced significant reduction in the central line-associated bloodstream infection rate (pre = 1.918/1000 catheter days; post = 0.563/1000 catheter days; p = 0.04) There were no occlusion events reported post intervention.

Conclusion:

For home parenteral nutrition patients, 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid lock solution effectively reduces the risk of central venous access device complications including occlusions and catheter-related infections.