bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAJAS DALAM HAIKU KARYA MATSUO BASHO
Authors: Suhendar Badai Tris , Khasanah Umul
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Tulisan ini memaparkan hasil analisis majas yang terkandung dalam Haiku (puisi Jepang) karya Matsuo Basho dalam buku Basho’s Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho. Haiku-haiku tersebut sebagian merupakan catatan perjalanan semasa hidupnya. Di dalam 40 haiku yang dianalisis, didapati bahwa majas perbandingan adalah yang paling banyak digunakan.  Di dalamnya, metafora adalah majas yang paling banyak digunakan, yakni 15 kali. Selain itu ada pula majas personifikasi (6), hiperbola (5), alegori (4), dan simile (3). Selain itu ditemukan pula bahwa dalam beberapa haiku, Basho menggunakan lebih dari satu majas.Kata kunci: Stilistika, Majas, Haiku, Matsuo Basho Abstract: This paper discussed about figure of speech in Haiku (Japanese poems) written by Matsuo Basho in Basho’s Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho. Some of his haiku are the record of journey during his life. In 40 haiku analyzed, metaphor is the most used figure of speech, that is 15 times. Aside from that, personification 6 times, hyperbole 5 times, allegory 4 times, and simile 3 times. It is also found that in some of haiku, Basho used more then one figure of speech. Keywords: stylistics, figure of speech, haiku, Matsuo Basho
ANALISIS UNGKAPAN EMOSI CINTA TERHADAP TOKOH UTAMA PADA KOMIK ANOHANA VOLUME 1 DAN 2 KARYA MARI OKADA
Authors: Munaadiyah Lailatul , Amalijah Eva
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian ini meneliti tentang ungkapan emosi cinta serta faktor cinta pada tokoh utama pada komik AnoHana volume 1 dan 2 karya Mari Okada. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikolinguistik. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang diambil ungkapan emosi cinta serta faktor penyebab cinta pada tokoh utama komik AnoHana volume 1 dan 2 karya Mari Okada. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan seperti berikut : pertama ungkapan emosi cinta dalam manga AnoHana volume 1 dan 2 terdiri dari beberapa jenis, yaitu : 1) penerimaan, terdapat 3 data; 2) persahabatan, terdapat 7 data; 3) kepercayaan, terdapat 4 data; 4) kebaikan hati, terdapat 5 data; 5) rasa dekat, terdapat 1 data; 6) kasih, terdapat 4 data. Kedua ungkapan emosi cinta tidak hanya diungkapkan karena tindakan tokoh utama sendiri, tetapi juga karena ucapan dan tindakan dari tokoh lain yang dapat membuat ungkapan emosi cinta muncul. Ketiga Faktor penyebab cinta dalam manga AnoHana volume 1 dan 2 terdiri dari beberapa faktor, yaitu : 1) kedekatan, terdapat 9 data; 2) karakter, terdapat 9 data; 3) saling suka, terdapat 6 data; 4) momen, terdapat 12 data.Kata Kunci : Psikolinguistik, Ungkapan Emosi Cinta, Faktor Penyebab Cinta. Abstract: This research will be discussing about the expression of love emotions and the love factor of the main character in the comics AnoHana volumes 1 and 2 by Mari Okada. The approach used in this research is the psycholinguistic approach. While the method used is descriptive qualitative method. The data source is taken from the expression of emotion of love and the factors that cause love in the main character AnoHana comics volume 1 and 2 by Mari Okada. This research produces findings such as the following: first the expression of emotion of love in the AnoHana manga volumes 1 and 2 consists of several types, namely: 1) acceptance, there are 3 data; 2) friendship, there are 7 data; 3) trust, there are 4 data; 4) kindness, there are 5 data; 5) feeling close, there is 1 data; 6) love, there are 4 data. Both expressions of the emotions of love are not only expressed because of the actions of the main character himself, but also because of the words and actions of other characters who can make the expression of emotion of love emerge. The three factors causing love in AnoHana manga volumes 1 and 2 consist of several factors, namely: 1) closeness, there are 9 data; 2) characters, there are 9 data; 3) like each other, there are 6 data; 4) moments, there are 12 data.Keywords: Psycholinguistics, Expressions of Love Emotions, Factors Causing Love.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PROGRAM SIARAN ACARA â€œKETIBAN SAMPURâ€ DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN LOYALITAS PENDENGAR (STUDI KASUS: RRI SURABAYA PRO 4 96,8 SURABAYA)
Authors: Sidi Theresia Ine Sintya , Sudaryanto Edy , Wibowo Judhi Hari
Published: March 2021

Radio is one of the mass media that is closely related to the needs of the community that can provide various kinds of information, entertainment, and education. RRI Surabaya is also one radio station that has 4 programs in it and each program has its own characteristics. Programa (Pro) 4 for example covers cultural broadcasts and one of them is "Ketiban Sampur". The "Ketiban Sampur" broadcast program is a program that is thick with Javanese culture and has many listeners. RRI Surabaya as an independent broadcasting institution preserves culture by using dances and chats that its listeners like. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the strategy of the program broadcast program "Ketiban Sampur" in maintaining loyalty for approximately 10 years. The results of this study show the strategy program broadcast program "Ketiban Sampur" which is used to maintain loyalty. The "Ketiban Sampur" broadcast program is the only broadcast program that shows programs in the form of dances and chat that are thick with Javanese culture. In addition, the loyalty of this event is also evidenced by the loyalty of the event and listeners that lasted for approximately 10 years.Keywords: program strategy, program broadcasts, maintaining loyalty
APOLOGIA STRATEGIES AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF GOVERNMENT PUBLIC RELATIONS IN A CRISIS SITUATION
Authors: Kriyantono Rachmat
Published: March 2021

The research aims to evaluate apologia strategy based on ethical perspective of public relations. The research applies standards of ethics from The Indonesian Public Relations Association and Apologia Theory. Some research proves that the ability of an organization to deal with a crisis depends on the types of allegations during a crisis. The research tests whether the strategies of Government Public Relations (GPR) of Malang Regency also appropriate with these standard when the organization faces an allegation of corruption. Conducting content analysis on 47 editions of online news, the research reveals that the GPR has adopted ethical standard when delivery information in quote news as a channel of crisis communication. All the ethical standards applied are concerning to public interest, telling true information, address the economic, physical and psychological concerns of the public.Keywords: Apologia, Communication, Crisis, Ethics, Government Public Relations, Indonesia
Strategi Relasi antara Franchisor dan Franchisee pada Usaha Waralaba Chifry
Authors: Teguh Monika , Santoso Jeremy , Njotoharsojo Sasha Kurnia
Published: March 2021

Franchise is a business license from the franchisor to the franchisee. The franchise business industry continues to show an increasing trend every year. One of the food franchise businesses that has successfully developed and has outlets in various cities in Indonesia is ChiFry. ChiFry has been established since 2015 and now has 27 outlets throughout Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship strategy of the franchisor with the franchisee in the ChiFry food business, where ChiFry within 4 years succeeded in opening 25 franchise branches. The research is based on customer relations theory because the franchisee is a customer of the franchisor. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the case study method. The results of this study indicate that all elements of the relationship strategy at ChiFry such as commitment, communication, trust, respect, mutual understanding, confidentiality, and mutual exchange work well, thus encouraging customer satisfaction. This research also shows that when the franchisor meets aspects of customer satisfaction such as quality perception, perceived value, and handling complaints, it will create loyalty from the franchisee. Loyalty is manifested in the form of not breaking the contract of cooperation with the franchisor.Keywords : Customer Relations, Franchise, Relationship Strategy, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty
Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Kebijakan Pemerintah Terkait Ketenagakerjaan sebagai Dampak Covid 19 di Kompas.com dan Malaysiakini
Authors: Palupi Merry Fridha Tri , Irawan Rahmat Edi
Published: March 2021

Abstract In the beginning of 2020 the mass media coverage was adorned with information about covid-19 outbreaks. The spread of covid-19 has crossed continents and even the rest of the world, making this period called as pandemic because it has infected 4.9 million people. The magnitude of this incident made the media including Kompas.com and Malaysiakini.com continue to convey information not only about health issues, but also other impacts in various fields such as law, politics, security and other social issues such as the economy and employment. This online news portal from Indonesia and Malaysia always reports on the development of covid-19 outbreaks in their respective countries. So much news was uploaded by the two online media that researcher only chose one news related to labor policy as the impact of covid-19 outbreaks. Using the theory of reality construction from Peter L. Berger, researcher analyzed the news framing using Robert N Enmant's model. The results showed an imbalance between the two online news portals because it only represented one party, where Kompas.com fetched news about wages from the point of view of the business world while Malaysiakini framed the appeal for the suspension of Eid Al-fitr leave that delivered by Mufti P Pinang as an opinion leader who respected by the Malaysian society. Keywords: Framing Analysis, Policy, Labor, Pandemic, Online Media.
Batasan Interaksi Teman Wanita di Kantor dengan Pria Berstatus Menikah Menurut Para Istri
Authors: Andu Christine Purnamasari
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe research aims to know (1) interaction limit for woman at office with married man according to wives and (2) kinds of the excessive interactions according to wives. This research was used qualitative descriptive method with research location runed at Makassar and Semarang City. Data used for this were primary and secondary data. Total informants are twenty, where ten came from Makassar and another ten from Semarang City. Data collection were done by interviewed with those twenty informants, then being analysed with two theories such as Symbolic Interactionism Theori and Atribution Theori. Research showed that several things a husband and female coworkers should not do like (1) do not chat or discussing things out of work hours or things not related to work, not allowed to go out together, not allowed to do intense communication, not allowed to contact physically like holding hands, etc. (2) excessive interactions were answered 15% for confide, 25% answered contact physically, 25% answered go out together, 10% answered chat in the night late, and 20% answered intense talk as the kinds of excessive interactions according to wives.  Keywords :  Excessive Interaction, Husband, Marriage
Selection of an engineering institution: Students’ perceptions of choice characteristics and suitability under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mahajan Prashant , Patil Vaishali
Published: March 2021

Background:

COVID-19 has impacted Indian engineering
institutions (EIs) enormously. It has tightened its knot around EIs that forced
their previous half-shut shades completely down to prevent the risk of
spreading COVID-19. In such a situation, fetching new enrollments on EI campuses
is a difficult and challenging task, as students’ behavior and family
preferences have changed drastically due to mental stress and emotions attached
to them. Historically, during crisis situations, institutions have struggled to
return to the normal track. Consequently, it becomes a prerequisite to examine
the choice characteristics influencing the selection of EI during the COVID-19
pandemic to make it ‘normal’ for ‘new’ enrollments.

The
purpose of this study is to critically examine choice characteristics that affect
students’ choice for EI and consequently to explore relationships between institutions’
characteristics and the suitability of EI during the COVID-19
pandemic across students’ characteristics. Quantitative research, conducted
through a self-reported survey composed of a closed-ended structured
questionnaire, was purposefully incorporated into the students who recently
were enrolled in EIs (batch years 2020-2021) belonging to the North Maharashtra
region of India.

Results:

The
findings of this study revealed dissimilarities across students’
characteristics regarding the suitability of EIs under pandemic conditions.
Regression analysis revealed that EI characteristics such as proximity, image
and reputation, quality education and curriculum delivery have significantly
contributed to suitability under COVID-19. At the micro level, multiple
relationships were noted between EI characteristics and the suitability of EI
under the pandemic across students’ characteristics.

Conclusion:

Bringing ‘normality’ to ‘new’ enrollments totally depends on EI’s
resilience in meeting the needs of diversity in the COVID-19 pandemic situation,
which repositions themselves to govern student-centric strategies instituted
for the overall suitability of EI under pandemic conditions. The study has
successfully demonstrated how choice characteristics can be executed to
regulate the ‘suitability’ of EI under the COVID-19 pandemic for the inclusion
of diversity. It is useful for policy makers and academicians to reposition EIs
that fetch diversity during the pandemic. This study is the first to provide
insights into the performance of choice characteristics and their relationship
with the suitability of EIs under a pandemic and can be a yardstick in
administering new enrollments.
Increasing the Indonesia's Tourism Sector to be more Competitively
Authors: Oen Sharon
Published: March 2021

Currently and in the future, Indonesia is still said to be very dependent on tourism to cover the current transaction deficit and the state budget deficit. The obstacle that must be overcome by the government and tourism business actors is achieving the target of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia. Therefore, this discussion is to Increasing the Indonesia's Tourism Sector to be more Competitively.
Reasons Why Indonesia’s Tourism Should be More Promoted
Authors: Daya Audriy Shevannisa
Published: March 2021

Reasons Why Indonesia's Tourism should be more promoted because Indonesia's economic growth is also supported through the tourism sector.
Indonesia Long Process of Obtaining Globally Competitive Human Resources
Authors: syam muhammad alvin arkananta
Published: March 2021

This Article will explain how Indonesia achievement been going through to get Globally Competitive Human Resources
Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the Multiple Choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem
Authors: Shah Shalin
Published: March 2021

The multiple choice multidimensional knapsack problem (MCMK) is a harder version of the 0/1 knapsack problem, and is ever more complex than the 0/1 multidimensional knapsack problem. In MCMK, there are several groups of items. The objective is to maximize the value (profit) by choosing exactly 1 item from each group such that all the constraints are satisfied. It is difficult and NP-hard even to find a solution that does not violate all constraints. In this work, we present a simulated annealing based algorithm with open source C++ code to find good solutions to the multidimensional multiple choice knapsack problem. In all of the benchmark instances we used, the algorithm is able to find optimum (or close) solutions, thereby proving that the algorithm is suitable for solving larger instances for which optimal solutions are unknown.
Women Perception on the Environmental Effect of Menstrual Product Waste
Authors: fatkhurohmatin
Published: March 2021

This research explores women's perception on the environmental effect of menstrual product waste. The types of menstrual products and the reasons why women choose these products are also presented in this study. The qualitative descriptive methods approach was taken, data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire to 40 women from various age and profession backgrounds. The results of this study indicate that the majority of participants agreed and realized that the menstrual products they used (in this case is disposable menstrual pads) also contributed to worsening environmental pollution. But unfortunately, the majority of participants were also still managing their makeshift disposable menstrual pads. However, most participants are still reluctant to switch to menstrual products that are more environmentally friendly due to various reasons.
Perilaku dan Pengetahuan Kesehatan Ibu Hamil
Authors: maharani
Published: March 2021

Pengetahuan merupakan hasil “tahu” seseorang dan terjadi setelah orang mengadakan penginderaan terhadap suatu objek tertentu. Menurut H. L Blum (dalam Pratiwi, 2013: 64), sebagian besar pengetahuan manusia diperoleh melalui mata dan telinga, karena pengetahuan merupakan domain yang sangat penting dalam membentuk tindakan seseorang. Menurut ibu hamil di Pucakwangi, informasi yang didapatkan dari berbagai sumber tersebut membuat pengetahuannya berubah. Makanan yang selama ini mereka anggap baik, nyatanya belum tentu dianggap baik pula pada saat kondisi tertentu. Pengetahuan ibu hamil salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan Siti Zakiyatur Rofi’ah, dkk / Solidarity 6 (2) (2017) 6 sekitar. Lingkungan dapat memberi pengaruh positif maupun negatif bagi seseorang, di mana seseorang dapat mempelajari hal-hal yang baik dan juga hal-hal yang buruk. Berbagai informasi yang didapatkan ibu hamil membuat dirinya semakin bingung untuk memilih.
Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Stimulasi Persepsi Pada Pasien Halusinasi Di Yayasan Pemenang Jiwa Sumatera
Authors: Manullang Elis Melina , Manik Emma Pratiwi , Hamdi Teuku , Monalisa  , Tarigan Shintya Putri
Published: March 2021

Halusinasi merupakan distorsi persepsi palsu yang terjadi pada respon neurobiologist maladaptive, penderita sebenarnya mengalami distorsi sensori sebagai hal yang nyata dan meresponnya. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menangani klien halusinasi adalah dengan memberikan tidakan keperawatan yaitu terapi aktivitas kelompok. Terapi aktivitas kelompok merupakan salah satu terapi modalitas yang dapat membantu membangun hubungan dengan orang lain, dengan terapi aktivitas kelompok, pasien dapat bersosialisasi, mengetahui koteks realitas, menyalurkan energi, meningkatkan harga diri. Pasien yang mengikuti kegiatan berjumlah 5 orang dari Yayasan Pemenang Jiwa. Setelah mendapatkan terapi aktivitas kelompok stimulasi persepsi sensori (halusinasi), pasien menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman tentang cara mengontrol halusinasi dan tahu bagaimana cara melakukannya. Peningkatan pengetahuan diketahui bahwa pasien mampu mengingat SP 1-4 dari permainan terapi aktivitas kelompok. Diharapkan bagi pasien yang mengalami masalah halusinasi kedepannya mampu melakukan tindakan stimulasi persepsi secara mandiri.
An introduction to Mama Anne Love Spells
Authors: Anne Mama
Published: March 2021

This paper is a guide to Mama Anne Love Spells. It discusses the love spells' fundamentals, legal limits on love spells and describe a specific case where a simple love spell is performed to bring romance into one’s life.
Juman Ahmad Taufik_Pola Makan Anak Dalam Perapektif Sosial Budaya dan Religius
Authors: Taufik Juman Ahmad
Published: March 2021

Membahas Tentang Pola Makan Anak Dalam Perspektif Sosial Budaya dan Religius
Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Sosialisasi Pada Pasien Isolasi Sosial
Authors: Purba Juni L , Siagian Arjun Prajun , maudhunah sururin , hermanisa yola , sari yuli permata
Published: March 2021

Isolasi sosial meruakan keadaan dimana sseorang individu mengalami penurunan atau bahkan sama sekali tidak mampu berinteraksi dengan orang lain disekitarnya. TAKS adalah terapi modalitas yang dilakukan perawat kepada sekelompok pasien yang mempunyai masalah keperawatan yang sama. Aktivitas yang digunakan sebagai terapi, dan kelompok digunakan sebagai target asuhan. Dalam terapi aktivitas kelompok yang dilakukan pasien berjumlah 5 orang. Suasana kegiatan TAKS mulai dari awal hingga akhir acara berlangsung aman dan nyaman, pasien sangat bersemangat. Beberapa pasien tampak masih kurang mampu untuk bercakap-cakap dengan kelompok nya, namun pasien mampu mengamati dengan baik jalan nya kegiatan TAKS. Paien merasa lega dan mendapatkan manfaat setelah mengikuti kegiatan TAKS.
The podcast as a socializing device and the inclusion of digital narratives at school
Authors: Llano Fabián Andrés
Published: March 2021

This article wonders about the construction of a study object that is emerging between education, cyberspace and the introduction of new tecnologies in scholar sphere. From this analysis is recognized a digital society that has transformed the way in which learning and teaching is given. Those communicative ecosystems need to be distance from a classic and anachronism teaching which requires a new significance and adjustment to actual needs immediately. Those challenges are related to the need of subjectivity, and identity and desires from students should be taken formative process into account. In this discussion appears podcast as a socializing device to build an alternative for actual dynamics at the school.
The unpredictable Buridan's ass: Failure to predict decisions in a trivial decision-making task
Authors: Arfer Kodi B.
Published: March 2021

In order to better examine seemingly unpredictable variation that appears in decision-making studies, I had people choose between two options that had no features or consequences to distinguish them. 100 users of Mechanical Turk completed 200 binary choices, and I examined the accuracy with which statistical models could predict the choices. Across three different conceptualizations of the prediction problem and a variety of models ranging from logistic regression to neural networks, I obtained at best modest predictive accuracy. Predicting trivial choices may actually be more difficult than predicting meaningful choices. These strongly negative results appear to place limits on the predictability of human behavior.
Do Concepts Creep to the Left and the Right? Evidence for Ideologically-Salient Concept Breadth Judgments Across the Political Spectrum
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Purser Harry Robert McSweeney , Baguley Thom
Published: March 2021

Concept creep explains how established social concepts expand to incorporate new phenomena, with such expansions fundamentally changing conceptual definitions and contributing to a loss of a shared social understanding. However, existing work has focused on concept creep within a small number of categories that are typically more salient for those on the political left. In this work, we examined whether concept creep is a predominantly leftist phenomenon, or whether the same conceptual expansion is present for typically conservative-salient categories, by exploring judgments of concept breadth for a range of social topics. We found evidence for such symmetry when considering concept breadth for categories such as sexual deviance, terrorism, and personal responsibility – with some nuanced exceptions. We discuss our findings in relation to growing political polarization, intergroup relations, and the study of partisan differences using a variety of politically salient stimuli.
Perceived depth modulates perceptual resolution
Authors: Ahsan Tasfia , Bolton Kathryn , Wilcox Laurie M. , Freud Erez
Published: March 2021

Humans constantly use depth information to support perceptual decisions about object size and location in space, as well as planning and executing actions. It was recently reported that perceived depth modulates perceptual performance even when depth information is not relevant to the task, with faster shape discrimination for objects perceived as being close to the observer. However, it is yet to be determined if the observed “close advantage” reflects differences in psychophysical sensitivity or response bias. Moreover, it is unclear whether this advantage is generalizable to other viewing situations and tasks. To address these outstanding issues, we evaluated whether visual resolution is modulated by perceived depth defined by 2D pictorial cues. In a series of experiments, we used the method of constant stimuli to measure the precision of perceptual judgements for stimuli positioned at different perceived distances. In Experiment 1, we found that size discrimination was more precise when the object was perceived to be closer to the observers. Experiments 2a and 2b extended this finding to a visual property orthogonal to depth information, by showing superior orientation discrimination for “close” objects. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that the close advantage also occurs when performing high-level perceptual tasks such as face perception. Taken together, our results provide novel evidence that the perceived depth of an object, as defined by pictorial cues, modulates the precision of visual processing for close objects.
Evaluating an Alternative Frame for Address-Based Sampling in Germany: The Address Database of the Deutsche Post Direkt
Authors: Stadtmüller Sven , Silber Henning , Gummer Tobias , Matthias Sand , Zins Stefan , beuthner Christoph , Christmann Pablo
Published: March 2021

In Germany, the population register with individual addresses can be utilized for address-based sampling. However, unlike in countries with a centralized register, local authorities in Germany administer their own registers. This not only makes sampling for a nation-wide survey more costly and cumbersome but may also result in gaps in the gross sample, as selected municipalities can refuse the use of their register for sampling purposes. If alternative municipalities to substitute refusals are not available, different sampling methods are required. With the present study, we aimed at testing the usability of the Address Database of the Deutsche Post Direkt (ADB-DPD) as an alternative frame for address-based sampling in Germany. We simultaneously carried out two surveys in the German city of Mannheim with gross samples of 3,000 each; one drawn from the city’s population register and the other from the ADB-DPD. Our findings suggest that the ADB-DPD performs well, both in terms of survey response and up-to-dateness. Due to relatively low costs and the fast provision of addresses, the ADB-DPD can be particularly attractive for survey projects with limited budgets and tight schedules. However, these benefits come at considerable cost. First, the usage of the ADB-DPD is limited to self-administered surveys. More importantly, in the net sample of the DPD survey, women and young persons were considerably under-represented. This indicates coverage issues for which DPD provided no further information. Based on our analysis, we provide practical remarks on the usability of the ADB-DPD and suggest avenues for future research.
Acute Quadriceps Muscle Pain Reduces Isometric Endurance Performance of the Contralateral Limb
Authors: Norbury Ryan , Smith Samuel , Burnley Mark , Judge Megan , Mauger Alexis
Published: March 2021

Intro: Non-local muscle pain may impair neuromuscular fatigue and endurance performance, but the mechanisms are unknown. This study examined the effects of muscle pain on neuromuscular performance of the contralateral limb. Methods: On separate visits, nine participants completed an isometric time to task failure (TTF) of the right knee extensors after intramuscular injection of isotonic saline (CTRL) or hypertonic saline (HYP) into the left vastus lateralis. Measures of neuromuscular fatigue were taken before, during and after the TTF using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and peripheral nerve stimulation. Results: Mean pain intensity was greater in the left leg in HYP (3.3 ± 1.9) compared to CTRL (0.4 ± 0.7) (P < 0.001) which reduced TTF by 9.8% in HYP (4.54 ± 0.56 min) compared to CTRL (5.07 ± 0.77 min) (P = 0.005). Maximum voluntary force was not different between conditions (all P > 0.05). Voluntary activation was lower at minute 3 of the TTF in HYP compared to CTRL (P = 0.016). No difference was identified between conditions for doublet amplitude (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, no difference in TMS responses between conditions was observed. Conclusion: Non-local pain impairs endurance performance of the contralateral limb. This impairment in performance is likely due to the faster attainment of the sensory tolerance limit from a greater amount of sensory feedback originating from the non-exercising, but painful, left leg.
Productivity Analysis of Beauty Parlour: With reference to women economic empowerment in Butwal
Authors: Karna Sanjoy Kumar
Published: March 2021

Abstract available with full text.
Challenges of Teaching English in Mixed Ability Classrooms
Authors: Bhandari Bhim Lal
Published: March 2021

Abstract in the full text.
अर्थ निर्धारणका आधारहरु Artha Nirdharanka Aadharharu
Authors: सुवेदी Subedi शखिशरण Shakhisharan
Published: March 2021

Available with fulltext.
अक्टोपशहरू लामो कवितामा युगचेतना Aktopasharu lamo Kabitama Yugchetana
Authors: पौड्याल Poudyal शालिकराम Shalikram
Published: March 2021

available with fulltext.
पूर्वीय महाकाव्य सिद्धान्तको परिप्रेक्ष्यमा शाकुन्तल महाकाव्य Purbiya Mahakavya Siddhantako Pariprekshyama Shakuntal Mahakavya
Authors: पौडेल Poudel शेषकान्त Sheshkanta
Published: March 2021

Available with fulltext.
Economic Cost of Absentee and Dropout Students in Public Schools of Nepal
Authors: Roy Ram Rekha , Sharma Bishnu Prasad
Published: March 2021

High absenteeism and dropout rates in school are considered one of the major stumbling blocks in achieving educational goals in developing countries. Absentees and dropouts impose a large resource cost on the educational system and the society. The study examines the economic cost of absentee and dropout students in public schools of Nepal. Using data from public schools in a rural municipality in Nepal, the study estimates the unit cost of absentee and dropout students by level. Cost of human resource, stationery, utility and fixed costs of building and furniture were the components for estimating unit costs. The findings reveal that the unit cost of students was equivalent to U.S. $295, 130 and 143 for primary, lower-secondary, and secondary levels respectively, and an average of U.S. $189 overall. The resource loss due to dropout was around 28, 12, and 11 percent of the total resource spent for primary, lower secondary and secondary levels respectively with an average of around 16 percent. The combined resource loss from dropouts and absentees were found to be 39, 23 and 20 percent for the different levels. On average, 26 percent of the public-school resource was lost due to dropouts and absentees. The main causes of dropout and absenteeism were the lack of interest, motivation of parents and the children to attend the school. The study suggests the need for more comprehensive and in depth study for effective policy formulation to address this problem.
Responses to the Covid-19: A Political Economic Analysis
Authors: Nepal Ratna Mani
Published: March 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic posed serious threats to the national and international communities. Worldwide responses to combat its effects seemed weak and controversial. It led individual countries to exercise responses that varied depending upon their tradition, institutions, and leadership. What worked? And what did not? And why is still not comprehended. In this background, this study examines correlation between market economy frameworks such as liberal market economies (LMEs), coordinated market economies (CMEs), state-led market economies (SMEs)and Covid-19 caused deaths. More so, the death cases have been analyzed and interpreted based on published data from worldometer.com as well as national and institutional sources of 23 countries representing three distinct market economy frameworks. The data is juxtaposed with the acts of right-wing populism that determined decision making and institutional mobilization against Covid-19. The approach is dichotomized with a country's human development index and income inequality index (Gini Index). This study found that a country’s market economy framework has had a correlation with the Covid-19 caused deaths The impact, however, was associated with the acts of right-wing populism within different market economies. The 5 selected countries with LMEs have highest; another 5 selected countries with CMEs have higher and 13 selected countries with SMEs have lowest number of deaths. The findings also proves that rate of human development does not appear to be a valid framework for explaining differing death rates between the countries.
The 1.5 Generation of Russian Immigrants in Israel: Between Integration and Sociocultural Retention
Authors: Remennick Larissa
Published: March 2021

Consecutive immigrant generations and the process of their incorporation into host societies are emerging as a new focus of interest in the contemporary sociology of migration (Portes and Zhou; Portes and Schauffler; Portes and Rumbaut; Rumbaut and Portes). The bulk of the evidence from different countries and on various types of migration (ethnic return migration, labor migration, asylum seeking) shows a significant tendency to ethnic and cultural retention in the first generation of adult migrants (Alba and Nee; Rumbaut, “Assimilation”; Rumbaut and Portes). When these migrants assimilate at all, the process is usually partial and segmented, that is, the adjustment in some life realms (in the workplace, in educational and other public institutions) is more effective and expedient than in other, more private ones (family life, personal relationships, consumption patterns). In response to these observations, the concept of integration (instrumental adaptation to the host society while retaining the minority’s own ethnocultural core) emerged in modern migration discourse to replace the traditional assimilation perspective in research on first-generation migrants (Nauck; Remennick, “What Does”).
3D-Printed Heart: A New Reality
Authors: Basu Sayani
Published: March 2021

The advancement of bioprinting has been a major medical breakthrough and the discovery of the 3D-printed heart is soon to be able to replace a real human heart.
Factors Associated with Moderate to Severe Pain after Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Kunapaisal Thitikan , Pattaravit Ngamjit , Thongsuksai Paramee
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe associated factors of patients with moderate to severe pain after laparoscopic abdominal surgery in Post Anesthetic Care Unit.Material and Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgeries (bariatric, colorectal, gynecological, urological, and upper gastrointestinal surgery) between February and July 2019. Demographic data were retrieved from the anesthetic records. Pain score was evaluated by self- rating using verbal numerical rating scale (0-10). Logistic regression was used to obtain independent risk factors of moderate to severe (score 4-10) pain against no or mild pain.Results: Two-hundred and ten patients were included. The incidence of moderate (score 4-6) to severe pain (score 7-10) was 50.0%. Those who suffered from moderate to severe pain required higher consumption of analgesic drugs in recovery room than the other groups, however durations of hospitalization were not different between the two groups (p-value=0.329). This was because the highest intensity of pain was in the first postoperative day. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that abdominal pressure more than 12 mmHg (odd ratio (OR)=1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-4.22, p-value=0.153), and operation time more than 3 hours (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.86-2.61, p-value=0.158) were independent risk factors of moderate to severe pain after laparoscopic procedureConclusion: High intra-abdominal pressure (≥12 mmHg) and prolonged operation time (>3 hours) are the independent risk factors of moderate and severe pain in laparoscopic surgery.
Parameters of ontogeny and population dynamics modeling of Panagrolaimus detritophagus (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in vitro
Authors: Polyanina K.S. , Ryss A.Y.
Published: March 2021

The parameters of individual development and population cycle in in vitro nematodes Panagrolaimus detritophagus were revealed. The nematodes are bacterial feeders and commensals of the cerambycid Monochamus galloprovincialis from the pine Pinus sylvestris; nematodes use beetles as vectors. Mean development time (T) from egg to juvenile is 1–2 days for J2, 3–4 days for J3, and 4–7 days for J4; to adults (G, generation) 7 (6–8) days. In vitro the population cycle is equal to 4 generations and ends with 90% of survival juveniles (J3, day 34). In the growth phase of the population, the proportion of eggs exceeds the proportion of other stages of the developmental cycle: 39±11% for 7 days; 53±10% for 21 days. The average oviposition rate of females is 4.5±1.3/day and only 56±12% of eggs proceed to immediate development (hatching and molting of juveniles). The remaining mass of eggs enter development only after 27 days (4 individual generations). This feature may be considered as a form of delay or a brief diapause at the egg stage. Individual females may accumulate up to 4 synchronous eggs in the body and lay them simultaneously. The average life span of an adult female is 13–20 days. Formulas for the exponential growth of the number of females and the total nematode population have been developed.
Variability of thermoregulation parameters of the common viper
Authors: Ganyushina N.D. , Korosov A.V.
Published: March 2021

The results of processing the data of continuous recording of body temperature using loggers obtained with the enclosure keeping 23 individuals of the common viper Vipera berus L. in Karelia (62.068310°N, 33.958824°E) are presented. Nine temperature characteristics, subdivided into 2 groups, were quantitatively evaluated – thermoecological, describing the dependence of the course of the viper’s body temperatures on the heat flux of the medium, and thermophysiological, stable parameters of thermoregulation. The factors that determine the variability of temperature characteristics are considered: time of day, weather conditions, morphometric indicators of an individual. A wide individual variability of thermoecological indicators and low variability of thermophysiological indicators were revealed, which was not associated with significant differences in different individuals. The parameter “maximum voluntary temperature”, which characterizes body temperature while avoiding overheating, is the closest to the physiological parameter of thermoregulation; obtaining such data is a very laborious process associated with deciphering the snake’s behavior from video recordings. An indicator that gives close values to the maximum voluntary temperature, which has a very simple calculation algorithm – “median active temperature (for a sample of temperatures above 30°C)”; however, it requires a volumetric series of continuously recorded temperature records for analysis. An accurate, statistically robust “maximum typical temperature” parameter gives an idea of the true maximum temperature characteristic of a species, but has a complex calculation method. These thermophysiological parameters are recommended to be used for intrapopulation and interspecies comparisons.
Evaluation of smartphone-integrated magnetometers in detection of safe electromagnetic devices for use near programmable shunt valves: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Patel Smruti K. , Zamorano-Fernández Jorge , McCoy Carlie , Skoch Jesse
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

External magnetic forces can have an impact on programmable valve mechanisms and potentially alter the opening pressure. As wearable technology has begun to permeate mainstream living, there is a clear need to provide information regarding safety of these devices for use near a programmable valve (PV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnetic fields of reference devices using smartphone-integrated magnetometers and compare the results with published shunt tolerances.

METHODS

Five smartphones from different manufacturers were used to evaluate the magnetic properties of various commonly used (n = 6) and newer-generation (n = 10) devices using measurements generated from the internal smartphone magnetometers. PV tolerance testing using calibrated magnets of varying field strengths was also performed by smartphone magnetometers.

RESULTS

All tested smartphone-integrated magnetometers had a factory sensor saturation point at around 5000 µT or 50 Gauss (G). This is well below the threshold at which a magnet can potentially deprogram a shunt, based on manufacturer reports as well as the authors’ experimental data with a threshold of more than 300 G. While many of the devices did saturate the smartphone sensors at the source, the magnetic flux density of the objects decreases significantly at 2 inches.

CONCLUSIONS

The existence of an upper limit on the magnetometers of all the smartphones used, although well below the published deprogramming threshold for modern programmable valves, does not allow us to give precise recommendations on those devices that saturate the sensor. Based on the authors’ experimental data using smartphone-integrated magnetometers, they concluded that devices that measure < 40 G can be used safely close to a PV.
Criminal legislation in the structure of the consequences of crime: «cost» as a criterion of efficiency
Authors: Medytskyy Ihor
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the importance of the criminological component of the process of criminal lawmaking as a structural part of the problem of the consequences of crime. In summarizing the positions on the most significant shortcomings of modern criminal justice policy, the need to take into account the economic criterion of its effectiveness is emphasized. Systematic analysis of reporting on implementation of budget programs of lawmaking; amendments to the Particular part of the criminal law regarding their compliance with public demand, financial and economic justification and taking into account the criminality of their possible consequences. In the context of the demand for legislative articles of a criminal nature, the proposal addressed by the Parliament to the Parliament, formulated an initiative to obtain a certain amount of legislative «product», was confirmed. It is justified that the nature and quality of the desired product is determined by objectively existing factors - the state of crime in the country, its quantitative and qualitative parameters, public feelings of fear, addiction, tolerance or, conversely, intolerance to criminal behaviors and more. The list of factors and processes that negatively affect the mechanism of demand satisfaction (misunderstanding of political «expediency»; inadequate criminological validity; insufficient scientific and theoretical level of parliamentarians; frequent cases of gross violation of the legislative procedure: lack of legal expertise, lack of legal expertise committees, failure to take into account the findings of international institutions, etc., the optional «status» of examination of bills implemented by scientists, pracykamy, the public, «passivity» of the legislator in matters of accounting decisions and recommendations resulting from a scientific and practical conferences, activities of research institutes, laboratories, etc.). An additional consequence of this process is the inability of society to «buy» the changes in the criminal law.
Experience of some post-soviet countries in the field of legal regulation of liability for child trafficking
Authors: Savenko Viktoriya
Published: March 2021

There is a comparative legal study of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Code of the post-Soviet countries in the field of legal regulation of liability for child trafficking. The author has obtained the following results. As in Ukraine, the generic object of crimes related to child trafficking is the will, honor and dignity of a person with a certain interpretation, such as personal freedom. Only the Model Code of the CIS countries, the Criminal Code of the Republics of Kazakhstan and Moldova operate as a generic object as public relations in the field of family and minors, respectively species - the interests of minors. Accordingly, special separate articles on child trafficking are provided for in the Criminal Code of Georgia, Kazakhstan and Moldova. Despite the incomprehensible unanimity of the generic object, the main direct object of child trafficking is their personal freedom and dignity, both additional mandatory and additional optional - their health, sometimes life and full normal development of the child. The victim is a child under the age of eighteen, but there are some peculiarities. The Criminal Code of Ukraine provides separately as a qualifying feature of trafficking in a minor, especially a qualifier - a minor. A similar situation is observed in the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic and Belarus. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova also provides for liability for trafficking in a child under the age of fourteen as a particularly qualified crime. From the objective point of view, the vast majority of investigated crimes are committed exclusively through active actions, simple corpus delicti provided for in parts one of the relevant articles are crimes with a formal composition, qualified and especially qualified - with a formal material composition. In some countries, there is a maximum effort of the legislator to describe all possible ways and consequences for the victim, committing any exploitation or coercion of a minor to any crime - child trafficking. This is observed in the Criminal Code of Estonia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan and Moldova. The actor of most crimes, both general and special, has not been identified here. The subjective side has its own characteristics. There is no doubt about the intentional form of guilt in the form of direct intent, but it is worth discussing the clarification of guilt by indicating knowledge of the age of the victim or other special conditions (pregnancy, vulnerability, etc.). The purpose of the crime - different forms of exploitation, the motives can be different - from useful to any.