bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
 CULTURAS DE SECREÇÕES DE PELE: ESTUDO DE PREVALÊNCIA E SENSIBILIDADE AOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Kempfer Cláudia Barbisan , Hörner Rosmari , Tizotti Maísa Kraulich , Martini Rosiéli , Rodrigues Mônica De Abreu , Teixeira Kuhn Fábio , Mayer Letícia Eichstaedt , Roehrs Magda Cristina Souza Marques
Published: January 2017

As infecções hospitalares, especialmente as infecções de sítio cirúrgico (ISC), representam um sério problema de saúde pública, gerando maiores custos devido ao tempo de internação e à necessidade de tratamento com antimicrobianos.Neste estudo, foram analisadas 79 culturas de secreção de pele, sendo 23 culturas polimicrobianas e 56 monomicrobianas. O microrganismo mais isolado foi o Staphylococcus aureus (26 de 79 - 32,9%), seguido de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 de 79 - 26,6%) e Escherichia coli (13 de 79 - 16,4%). O espécime clínico prevalente foi secreção de ferida operatória (25 de 79 - 31,7%) e a unidade cirúrgica obteve o maior percentual de isolamentos (30 de 79 - 38%). Em relação aos perfis de sensibilidade antimicrobiana, 11 (84,6%) E. coli foram sensíveis à cefazolina e 22 (84,6%) S. aureussensíveis ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima. Para P. aeruginosa houve 20 (95,2%) de sensibilidade à tobramicina, constituindo uma alternativa para as ISC ocasionadas pela espécie.
ATENDIMENTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS NO SETOR DE HEMATO-ONCOLOGIA DO HUSM: ESTUDO OBSERVACIONAL RETROSPECTIVO
Authors: Stolz Aléxsandra Botezeli , Miranda Junior Adayr Dos Santos , Foletto Eduardo , Praetzel Juliana , Flores Jorge Abel
Published: January 2017

Pacientes em terapia anti-neoplásica podem sofrer com os efeitos adversos do tratamento. Entre estes, as manifestações bucais podem tornar-se muito incômodas necessitando de atenção especial. Objetivo: Analisar os registros de paciente odontológicos do setor da hemato-oncologia do HUSM (Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria), para verificar os tipos e as prevalências dos procedimentos realizados e das patologias encontradas, bem como traçar um perfil dos pacientes tratados nesse período de tempo. Metodologia: O estudo caracterizou-se por ser retrospectivo. Do n(521), foram selecionados 183 registros odontológicos (anotações diárias de atendimento em um caderno) corretamente preenchidos de onde os dados foram coletados e submetidos a uma analise estatística exploratória descritiva.  Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 60% de pacientes do gênero masculino e 40% do gênero feminino. Foram atendidos no projeto pacientes de todas as idades. As idades mais freqüentes ficaram na faixa etária de dez a vinte anos (28,41%). Os procedimentos odontológicos realizados com maior frequência foram: exame clínico (19,1%) seguido de restauração com resina composta (11,9%), anamnese (10,2%) e exodontias (8,7%). As patologias que mais acometem os pacientes atendidos se encontram, na maior porcentagem, por leucemia linfocítica aguda (22%) seguida por leucemia mielóide aguda (11%). Conclusão: A predominância dos atendimentos em relação ao gênero foi o masculino, a faixa etária predominante foi dos 10 aos vinte anos, os tratamentos executados foram em sua maioria terapêuticos e observou-se uma melhora na padronização dos dados a partir de 2004
 DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE ASSOCIADA À PNEUMONIA ASPIRATIVA: RELATO DE CASO E ABORDAGEM FISIOTERAPÊUTICA
Authors: Steidl Eduardo Matias dos Santos , Antunes Vívian Da Pieve , Beuter Cláudia Regina
Published: January 2017

A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença que gera alta incapacidade, devido sua rápida progressão e complicações associadas, principalmente as respiratórias. O artigo relata o caso de um adolescente de 19 anos portador de DMD, internado na UTI Pediátrica do Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo (HCAA), com diagnóstico de pneumonia aspirativa e insuficiência respiratória aguda, bem como a abordagem fisioterapêutica. A atuação da fisioterapia altera as perspectivas de qualidade e expectativa de vida, assim conhecer a doença favorece a elaboração de objetivos e intervenção de forma mais objetiva e eficiente. Nosso objetivo com este trabalho foi fornecer conhecimentos através de uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre a doença e como a fisioterapia poderá conduzi-la no agravamento do quadro.
 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND DOSAGE OF TOTAL POLYPHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS OF Morus alba LEAVES (MORACEAE)
Authors: Pereira Camila Bugnotto , Marin Aline , Necchi Raquel Medina Martins , Maki Tiago Trevisan , Manfron Melânia Palermo
Published: January 2017

To establish parameters for quality control ofMorus alba leaves were done tests of purity by determining the loss on drying, foreign matter, total ash, acid insoluble ash, swelling index, bitterness index, yield of crude extract, pH and organoleptic properties. The tests were done with samples collected on March, June, September and December, which were according to Brazilian Pharmacopeia and World Health Organization.Through 70 % ethanol extracts of M. alba leaves it was done the dosage of total polyphenols and flavonoids, which were used, respectively, the acidgallic and rutin standards.
 PREVALÊNCIA DE CANDIDA E CRYPTOCOCCUS EM HEMOCULTIVOS DE PACIENTES DO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE SANTA MARIA, RS (HUSM) NO ANO DE 2006
Authors: Monteiro Danieli Urach , De Brum Thiele Faccim , Noal Charlise Bolson , Dos Santos Edileusa Rosa , Righi Roselene Alves , Ottonelli de Oliveira Loiva Therezinha , De la Rue Mário Luiz
Published: January 2017

As micoses tiveram um significativo aumento nos últimos anos e dentre elas as candidíases constituem um sério problema médico, pela sua elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Com o aumento de casos de Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida os casos de criptococose aumentaram acentuadamente. Neste estudo foi avaliada a prevalência de casos de Candida spp. e Cryptococcus spp. em hemocultivos de pacientes no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria - HUSM entre janeiro a dezembro de 2006, bem como sexo, idade e doença predisponente; 37 de 4336 amostras coletadas para análise de hemocultura realizada no ano de 2006 no HUSM (0,85%) foram positivas para fungos, dentre estas 70,2% positivas para Candida spp. prevalecendo o sexo feminino e 29,8% positivas para Cryptococcus spp. prevalecendo o sexo masculino. Estas fungemias acometeram pacientes na faixa de recém nascidos a 84 anos de idade. Concluiu-se que o exame, por meio de hemocultura, é a melhor forma de diagnóstico em fungemias.
 AVALIAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS PARA A DETECÇÃO DE CEPAS DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS RESISTENTES À METICILINA (MRSA) E ANÁLISE DO PERFIL DE SENSIBILIDADE FRENTE AOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EM UM HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO
Authors: Sousa Liliana Urdangarin de , Mielke Tassiane Paz , Horner Rosmari , Rodrigues Mônica De Abreu , Santos Silvana Oliveira dos , Martini Rosiéli , Salla Adenilde
Published: January 2017

Foram estudadas 73 cepas de S. aureus que apresentaram resistência à oxacilina e/ou cefoxitina na metodologia convencional e automação, isoladas do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria no ano de 2008. O perfil de sensibilidade frente aos antimicrobianos foi avaliado através da difusão do disco e automação. Para o antimicrobiano vancomicina, foi realizada também a metodologia de microdiluição em caldo. As amostras analisadas apresentaram resistência superior a 75% aos agentes β-lactâmicos, macrolídeos, aminoglicosídeos, lincosamidas e quinolonas e sensibilidade de 73,97% ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima. Houve 100% de sensibilidade à linezolida, daptomicina e vancomicina. Na detecção dos MRSA o disco de oxacilina detectou um número maior de cepas resistentes comparado à cefoxitina. A automação teve desempenho equivalente ao disco de oxacilina.   A associação de duas metodologias, automação e disco de oxacilina, pode ser uma boa alternativa a ser adotada pelos laboratórios.
 MAPA DE RISCO NO BRASIL: ELABORAÇÃO E IMPLANTAÇÃO EM UMA UNIDADE DE SERVIÇO DE HEMATOLOGIA/ONCOLOGIA E TRANSPLANTE DE MEDULA ÓSSEA EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Horner Rosmari , Lavall Marinês Calegari , Boff Everton , Farias Iria Luiza Gomes , Maraschin Mariane de Mello
Published: January 2017

Neste estudo relatamos as limitações encontradas na aplicação do Mapa de Risco no Brasil, sob o ponto de vista legal. Inicialmente são apresentadas a conceituação, origem e importância do mapa de risco. A seguir, os autores elaboraram um questionário, em que os trabalhadores envolvidos descreviam os riscos que identificavam na unidade de trabalho que estavam trabalhando. Como conclusão comprovou-se no setor avaliado a existência de riscos biológicos, físicos, químicos, ergonômicos e de acidentes de trabalho. Finalmente, implantou-se o mapa de risco no Serviço de Hematologia/oncologia e Transplante de Medula Óssea do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM). Palavras-chave: Mapa de risco; Saúde do trabalhador; Unidade de hematologia/oncologia.
 ANÁLISE ELETROMIOGRÁFICA DO MÚSCULO MASSETER EM INDIVÍDUOS RESPIRADORES ORAIS
Authors: Boton Luane De Moraes , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Busanello Angela Ruviaro , Iffarraguirre Kelly Eich , Sobiesk Sandra , Bolzan Geovana De Paula
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Analisar a função mastigatória, através da avaliação clínica e eletromiográfica, em indivíduos respiradores orais. Métodos: Foram estudados 2 indivíduos respiradores nasais e 3 respiradores orais, com idades entre 13 e 17 anos, que realizaram avaliação clínica e avaliação eletromiográfica do músculo masseter. Resultados: em repouso não foi observada diferença na atividade elétrica do músculo masseter nos indivíduos avaliados. Porém, embora não se tenha encontrado diferença estatisticamente significante, observou-se atividade elétrica inferior nos respiradores orais no teste de máxima intercuspidação e, atividade elétrica inferior no masseter direito dos respiradores orais na função de isotonia. Na avaliação clínica, observaram-se alterações estruturais e funcionais nos indivíduos respiradores orais que podem justificar tais achados. Conclusões: A partir da análise dos resultados, observou-se que, de modo geral, existe uma diminuição da atividade elétrica dos músculos masseteres nos respiradores orais, evidenciada também na avaliação clínica, o que demonstra, portanto, prejuízo da função mastigatória desses indivíduos.Descritores: Eletromiografia, Respiração Bucal, Músculo Masseter, Mastigação, Músculos Mastigatórios
 AVALIAÇÃO DO PH DE REFRIGERANTES DO TIPO NORMAL E LIGHT
Authors: Skupien Jovito Adiel , Bergoli César Dalmolin , Pozzobon Roselaine Terezinha , Brandão Letícia
Published: January 2017

O objetivo foi determinar o pH de refrigerantes e comparar os valores do grupo normal com os valores do grupo light. Para a comparação foi realizada a medição do pH dos refrigerantes através de um pHmetro calibrado. Cada líquido teve seu pH medido 05 vezes consecutivas com um intervalo de três minutos entre cada medição, os valores encontrados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Os valores encontrados foram: Coca-cola pH= 1,78, Coca-cola Light pH= 2,36, Guaraná Kuat pH= 1,82, guaraná Kuat Light pH= 1,87, Sprite pH= 1,92, Sprite Zero pH= 1,86, Fanta Laranja pH= 2,22, Fanta laranja light pH=2,62. A Coca-cola, guaraná, Sprite, Sprite zero e guaraná light apresentaram maior potencial erosivo, Coca-cola light e Fanta laranja light apresentaram menor potencial erosivo e Fanta laranja apresentou potencial erosivo intermediário. Dentro da amostra a coca - cola e a fanta laranja apresentaram maior potenci al erosivo do que seus correspondentes light. Palavras-Chave: Erosão dentária, bebidas gasosas, esmalte dentário
 CRIANÇAS QUE TEM HIV/AIDS E SEUS FAMILIARES/CUIDADORES: EXPERIÊNCIA DE ACOMPANHAMENTO MULTIDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Tronco Caroline Sissy , Ribeiro Aline Cammarano , Santos Érika Éberlline Pacheco dos , Hoffmann Izabel Cristina , Valadão Maria Clara
Published: January 2017

A condição sorológica das crianças HIV/aids resulta em demandas de necessidade especial de saúde, como o seguimento ambulatorial de crescimento e desenvolvimento, clínico e terapêutico. Objetivo: descrever a experiência de acompanhamento multidisciplinar dessas crianças e seus familiares/cuidadores. Metodologia: as ações estão organizadas em dois projetos de extensão no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria/RS. Um envolve as crianças em atividades lúdicas e o outro os seus familiares/cuidadores em encontros grupais dialógicos. As ações têm a educação em saúde como eixo transversal. Conclusão: o espaço lúdico promove a interação entre as crianças e a construção de uma imagem hospitalar acolhedora. O espaço dialógico media o cuidado profissional no hospital e as especificidades do cuidado familiar no domicílio, possibilitando o compartilhar de vivências, necessidades e dúvidas. Essas ações de extensão contribuem na assistência, no ensino e na pesquisa, promovendo melhor adesão ao tratamento, menores índices de morbimortalidade, formação e qualificação dos profissionais para o cuidado e a investigação em saúde. Palavras-Chave: Saúde da criança, enfermagem materno-infantil, síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, educação em saúde
O ACOLHIMENTO - UM RELATO DE EXPERIENCIA
Authors: Moraes Diana Coeli Paes , Mendonça Katia Marly Leite , Ferla Alcindo Antonio
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo destacam-se duas experiências com base na questão do Acolhimento da Atenção à Saúde dentro da Política Nacional de Humanização do SUS – PNH. Uma das experiências relata uma visita a um determinado centro de saúde pública do Pará para conhecer o seu Serviço de Acolhimento; a outra é a discussão numa Roda de Conversa com relação à questão do acolhimento experimentado nessa visita somado, ocasionalmente, a uma reclamação de uma médica perita. A atenção em saúde de forma humanizada refere-se à possibilidade de assumir uma postura ética de respeito ao outro, de acolhimento do desconhecido e de reconhecimento dos seus limites, dirimindo as desigualdades sociais, resgatando a dignidade humana, transformando os serviços de saúde e oferecendo qualidade pela sua rede de saúde. Enfim, o processo da atenção humanizada pelo sistema de saúde pública deve ser definitivamente instalado, com atendimento integrado da rede; a formação dos profissionais envolvidos deve estar vinculada às necessidades sociais e aos serviços do sistema público; o atendimento ao indivíduo deve ser feito de forma humanizada, acolhendo e cuidando do corpo, condição de vida e a subjetividade da pessoa. Como base teórica, utilizam-se documentos e legislações do Ministério da Saúde – MS, os escritos e debates de Foucault (1987; 1988; 1998) sobre as questões do biopoder, os estudos de Mendonça (2009) sobre a violência e os estudos de Ferla (2007; 2008).
COMPORTAMENTO DE CUSTOS E INDICADORES DE ENDIVIDAMENTO DO SETOR DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DA BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Pastre Franciele , Borgert Altair , Souza Flávia Renata de , Petri Sérgio Murilo
Published: January 2017

A pesquisa identifica como se comportam os custos em relação aos índices de endividamento das empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa, no setor de tecnologia da informação – subsetor de computadores e equipamentos, por meio do cálculo da regressão simples entre indicadores de endividamento e custo de produção, despesas com vendas, despesas administrativas, despesas financeiras e lucro líquido. Coletam-se os dados do Economática num período de 18 observações trimestrais para análise. Evidencia-se moderada significância à correlação junto aos custos de produção (média 31%) quando avaliado o endividamento relacionado ao faturamento. Na relação do endividamento às despesas com vendas, houve uma moderada relação de 42% pela Bematech na relação ao capital de terceiros e 53% pela Itautec ao total faturado. Não houve correlação de relevância no endividamento quando relacionado às despesas administrativas. Nas despesas financeiras encontrou-se uma correlação forte (média de 77%), especificamente no índice que mede o nível de capital de terceiros captado. O lucro líquido demonstra forte significância quando relaciona o endividamento à capacidade de geração de caixa (média 73%). Avaliando-se a consolidação do setor, a média não traz informações passíveis de generalização para o comportamento dos custos como um todo.
A ANÁLISE COMPREENSIVA DO PROCESSO PARTICIPATIVO DE PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO
Authors: Schreiber Dusan , Klein Cristiane Birkhann
Published: January 2017

O planejamento estratégico continua sendo uma importante ferramenta de gestão, pois suas definições, além de representar um norte a ser seguindo, contribuem, também, para criar a identidade organizacional. No entanto a adoção da gestão participativa, no processo de elaboração do planejamento estratégico, continua sendo objeto de polêmica. O estudo de caso único, em uma empresa industrial, abordou a viabilidade de gestão participativa, sob o ponto de vista de colaboradores, dos níveis intermediário e operacional. Os resultados evidenciaram que a gestão participativa no processo de planejamento estratégico, poderá contribuir, principalmente, para aumentar o nível de motivação e envolvimento de colaboradores.
Open Praxis vol. 8 issue 4
Authors: Gil-Jaurena (ed.), Various authors Inés
Published: January 2017

This last Open Praxis issue in 2016 is an open issue that includes four research papers, two innovative practice papers and two book reviews. It also includes the list of reviewers that have collaborated in volume 8.
Distributed, Negotiable and Hyper-Individual Towards a Definition of Shareable Knowledge
Authors: Greve Linda
Published: January 2017

This article presents a definition of sharable knowledge. The study presented in this article shows that knowledge is best shared in the format of high degree of interaction and high degree of use of shared modes.When groups wish to share or co-create knowledge, they often end up exchanging information or experiences instead. This article puts forward the claim, that knowledge cannot be shared like a cake or another physical resource, as it is by definition bound to personal experience. Thus when sharing knowledge, groups are either exchanging knowledge mono-modally, often through language, or they co-create something that either of the group members could have come up with themselves. The latter form of knowledge sharing might actually be knowledge co-creation rather than sharing, but is nevertheless what is sought for in knowledge sharing processes.The article outlines six cases of which three were successful in sharing and co-creating knowledge and three were not. One of the successful cases is submitted to microanalysis and on that basis some fundamental claims are made about multimodal knowledge sharing and -co-creation.The overall conclusion is, that multiple modes are not enough for multimodal knowledge sharing to take place. Rather groups wanting to share knowledge must interact as well as make shared use of the available modes. This in turn has consequences for the definition of knowledge as well as for sharing-practices.
Controlling contractile instabilities in the actomyosin cortex
Authors: Nishikawa Masatoshi , Naganathan Sundar Ram , Jülicher Frank , Grill Stephan W
Published: January 2017

The actomyosin cell cortex is an active contractile material for driving cell- and tissue morphogenesis. The cortex has a tendency to form a pattern of myosin foci, which is a signature of potentially unstable behavior. How a system that is prone to such instabilities can rveliably drive morphogenesis remains an outstanding question. Here, we report that in the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, feedback between active RhoA and myosin induces a contractile instability in the cortex. We discover that an independent RhoA pacemaking oscillator controls this instability, generating a pulsatory pattern of myosin foci and preventing the collapse of cortical material into a few dynamic contracting regions. Our work reveals how contractile instabilities that are natural to occur in mechanically active media can be biochemically controlled to robustly drive morphogenetic events.
Oral versus Nasal Breathing during Moderate to High Intensity Submaximal Aerobic Exercise
Authors: LaComb Chase O. , Tandy Richard D. , Ping Lee Szu , Young John C. , Navalta James W.
Published: January 2017

Introduction: When comparing oral breathing versus nasal breathing, a greater volume of air can be transported through the oral passageway but nasal breathing may also have benefits at submaximal exercise intensities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine breathing efficiency during increasing levels of submaximal aerobic exercise. Methods: Nineteen individuals (males N=9, females N=10) completed a test for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and on separate days 4-min treadmill runs at increasing submaximal intensities (50%, 65%, and 80% of VO2max) under conditions of oral breathing or nasal breathing. Respiratory (respiration rate [RR], pulmonary ventilation [VE]), metabolic (oxygen consumption [VO2], carbon dioxide production [VCO2]) and efficiency measures (ventilatory equivalents for oxygen [Veq×O2-1] and carbon dioxide [Veq×CO2-1] were obtained. Data were analyzed utilizing a 2 (sex) x 2 (condition) x3 (intensity) repeated measures ANOVA with significance accepted at p≤0.05. Results: Significant interactions existed between breathing mode and intensity such that oral breathing resulted in greater RR, VE, VO2, and VCO2 at all three submaximal intensities (p<.05).  Veq×O2-1 and Veq×CO2-1 presented findings that nasal breathing was more efficient than oral breathing during the 65% and 80% VO2max intensities (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on this analysis, oral breathing provides greater respiratory and metabolic volumes during moderate and moderate-to-high submaximal exercise intensities, but may not translate to greater respiratory efficiency. However when all variables are considered together, it is likely that oral breathing represents the more efficient mode, particularly at higher exercise intensities.
The Effort to Increase the Students’ Achievement in Poetry Mastery through Semiotic Method
Authors: Dirgeyasa I Wy.
Published: January 2017

The obejectives of this research are to know the improvement  of the students’ achievement in poetry mastery and their perception regarding to the semiotic method in teaching and learning poetry in  English Education Department, Languages and Art Faculty of State University of Medan. The research method used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the research are the fifth semester of 37 students of 2013/2014 academic year. The data are collected by test in order to know the students’ achievment in poetry mastery. The students’ perception toward the implementation of the semiotic method for teaching and learning poetry is collected by questionaire. The data are analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result of research shows that (1) the average score of the students’ achievement of poetry mastery is (71.75) or it increases (11,59) point from pre-test (60.16) and (2) in general, the students’ perception toward the semiotic method for teaching and learning poetry are good and positive.
A Desire for the Marsupial Space: A Lacanian Reading of Lacan
Authors: Aghamohammadi Mehdi
Published: January 2017

Jacques Lacan is regarded as an influential French psychoanalyst in the 20th century. In the present article, first, a brief biography of this interpreter of Sigmund Freud is presented and then his key psychoanalytic theories, largely about the infant-mother-father relationship, are summarized. These data are finally analyzed mainly according to Lacan’s own ideas. In other words, this article is aimed at providing a Lacanian reading of Lacan. It reveals that his family in particular had a huge impact on his theories, which strongly reflect Lacan’s desire for his mother, specifically her marsupial space. The article is concluded by exploring a quatrain by the famous Persian poet Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi in order to further substantiate the claim about Lacan’s desire for the space through theorization.
The Use of English in Teaching Mathematics and Science: The PPSMI Policy vis-à-vis The DLP
Authors: Md Yunus Melor , Islam Ahmad Sukri Saiful
Published: January 2017

In spite of English being regarded as the second most important language in Malaysia, it is still treated as a foreign language inevitably. The recently introduced Dual Language Progamme (henceforth DLP) which uses English as the medium of instruction in teaching Mathematics and Science is alleged to be a reflection of the less successful English for teaching Mathematics and Science policy (hereafter PPSMI). Therefore, this paper aims to examine the perceptions of pre-service teachers towards the use of English in teaching Mathematics and Science and establish its connections with the DLP. Data were collected through questionnaire which involved 50 respondents. Findings showed that the respondents held unfavourable perceptions of the PPSMI policy which in turn justified the emergence of the DLP. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
An Introduction to the Medieval English: The Historical and Literary Context, Traces of Church and Philosophical Movements in the Literature
Authors: Zare Behtash Esmail , Hashemi Toroujeni Seyyed Morteza , Safarzade Samani Farzane
Published: January 2017

The Transition from Greek to medieval philosophy that speculated on religion, nature, metaphysics, human being and society was rather a rough transition in the history of English literature. Although the literature content of this age reflected more religious beliefs, the love and hate relationship of medieval philosophy that was mostly based on the Christianity with Greek civilization was exhibited clearly. The modern philosophical ideologies are the continuation of this period’s ideologies. Without a well understanding of the philosophical issues related to this age, it is not possible to understand the modern ones well. The catholic tradition as well as the religious reform against church called Protestantism was organized in this age. In Medieval Period, philosophy and theoretical thoughts related to the Christianity were well-organized and the philosophy, science and theoretical thoughts served religion. Philosophy had different forms and orientations in various stages of this period. One of these philosophical thoughts was the Augustinian philosophy which was strongly in favor of church with its different practices and styles. It used Platonic and Neo-Platonic traditions to prove that faith is the result of divine dispensations, not the result of human will power and wisdom. On the other hand, according to Aquinas, we experience different types of the effects that existed in the world around us. He believed that we assign an effective cause to each effect we experienced around us. Additionally, he claimed that reasoning was the only way to reach the real faith. In fact, philosophy of Medieval Period attempted to prove that religious assertions and ideologists were in search of matching their philosophical beliefs with the beliefs of Christianity. Christianity as the dominant factor in Middle English Literature helped English to be stablished as a literary language.
The Effect of Flipped Model of Instruction on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension: Learners’ Attitudes in Focus
Authors: Karimi Mehrnoosh , Hamzavi Raouf
Published: January 2017

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of flipped model of instruction on EFL learners’ reading comprehension ability. Moreover, this study aimed at identifying EFL students’ attitudes toward flipped model of instruction. To this end, 60 EFL learners studying at an accredited private language institute in Isfahan were first conveniently sampled and were homogenized through a sample of PET. 50 EFL learners within age range of 19 to 25 were selected for the study and equally assigned into two groups-experimental and group. A researcher-made reading comprehension test was given to the participants as the pretest of the study. The experimental group received flipped model of instruction, whereas the control group received traditional model of instruction. At the end of the study, the researcher-made reading comprehension test was administered to the two groups of the study as their posttest. Moreover, in order to identify the EFL students’ attitude towards the flipped model of instruction, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on flipped model of instruction developed primarily by Elfatah and Ahmed (2016). The results of ANCOVA revealed that flipped model of instruction had a significant positive effect on the reading comprehension ability of EFL students. Moreover, the results of frequency analyses indicated that EFL students in the experimental group had positive attitude towards attitude flipped model of instruction and agreed that it was helpful to them in many ways. The results and implications of the study are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Training Translators for the Market in Turkey: What Should We Teach to Future Translators?
Authors: Yılmaz Gümüş Volga
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the position of the translation market in translator-training and curriculum-design practices in Turkey from the perspective of various stakeholders, mainly the graduates of translator-training programs at the undergraduate level. The role of the market in curricular design and education practices in higher education has been at the core of discussions in education, specifically for disciplines that have a vocational aspect. The discussions are mostly based on theoretical grounds. This study derives from the need for empirical research on what the market expects from translators and how training programs meet these expectations. This study first presents data from a survey and interviews with graduates of translator-training programs, as this group of stakeholders is familiar with both training and market practices (supposing that they are employed professionally on the market after graduation). The initial findings obtained from the graduates were supported with interview findings from other stakeholders. The point of departure in this study was that translator training and the translation market – as two parties to translation service provision – should be in close interaction in order to improve the quality of training in higher-education institutions and the quality of translations on the market. In the present study, almost all the stakeholders agreed that there is a need for greater interaction between training and the market, and that the elements that prepare students for the market should find a place in the translation curricula. However, the results suggest that there is a need to handle the efforts to solve the problems related to training and the profession with the involvement of various stakeholders in a more systematized way. Furthermore, it is desirable to integrate market-training elements into training practices rather than offer them only in individual courses – including translation technologies and professional work procedures and ethics.
History of kidney stones and risk of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shang Weifeng , Li Lixi , Ren Yali , Ge Qiangqiang , Ku Ming , Ge Shuwang , Xu Gang
Published: January 2017

Background

Although the relationship between a history of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been explored in many studies, it is still far from being well understood. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing rates of CKD in patients with a history of kidney stones.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, and the reference lists of relevant articles were searched to identify observational studies related to the topic. A random-effects model was used to combine the study-specific risk estimates. We explored the potential heterogeneity by subgroup analyses and meta-regression analyses.

Results

Seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that a history of kidney stones was associated with an increased adjusted risk estimate for CKD [risk ratio (RR), 1.47 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.23–1.76])], with significant heterogeneity among these studies (I2 = 93.6%, P < 0.001). The observed positive association was observed in most of the subgroup analyses, whereas the association was not significant among studies from Asian countries, the mean age ≥50 years and male patients.

Conclusion

A history of kidney stones is associated with increased risk of CKD. Future investigations are encouraged to reveal the underlying mechanisms in the connection between kidney stones and CKD, which may point the way to more effective preventive and therapeutic measures.
Evolutionary origins of the emergent ST796 clone of vancomycin resistantEnterococcus faecium
Authors: Buultjens Andrew H. , Lam Margaret M.C. , Ballard Susan , Monk Ian R. , Mahony Andrew A. , Grabsch Elizabeth A. , Grayson M. Lindsay , Pang Stanley , Coombs Geoffrey W. , Robinson J. Owen , Seemann Torsten , Johnson Paul D.R. , Howden Benjamin P. , Stinear Timothy P.
Published: January 2017

From early 2012, a novel clone of vancomycin resistantEnterococcus faecium(assigned the multi locus sequence type ST796) was simultaneously isolated from geographically separate hospitals in south eastern Australia and New Zealand. Here we describe the complete genome sequence of Ef_aus0233, a representative ST796E. faeciumisolate. We used PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing to establish a high quality, fully assembled genome comprising a circular chromosome of 2,888,087 bp and five plasmids. Comparison of Ef_aus0233 to otherE. faeciumgenomes shows Ef_aus0233 is a member of the epidemic hospital-adapted lineage and has evolved from an ST555-like ancestral progenitor by the accumulation or modification of five mosaic plasmids and five putative prophage, acquisition of two cryptic genomic islands, accrued chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms and a 80 kb region of recombination, also gaining Tn1549and Tn916, transposons conferring resistance to vancomycin and tetracycline respectively. The genomic dissection of this new clone presented here underscores the propensity of the hospitalE. faeciumlineage to change, presumably in response to the specific conditions of hospital and healthcare environments.
Reconfigurable van der Waals Ferroionic Barristor for Multifunctional Nanoelectronics
Authors: Ding Jiahui , Cheng Ruiqing , Hou Yutang , Wang Yanrong , Yin Lei , Wen Yao , Wang Zhenxing , Feng Xiaoqiang , Zhai Baoxing , Chang Sheng , Wang Fang , He Jun
Published: September 2024

2D materials have been interested in recent years due to their unique properties and enormous potential in various fields. In particular, 2D ferroionics with both ferroelectricity and ionic conductivity shed light on new possibilities for van der Waals nanoelectronics. Here, supported by theoretical calculations and electrical characterizations, the reconfigurable van der Waals ferroionic barristor that can be used in multifunctional electronics including resistive devices and steep‐slope transistors is reported. Large modulation on the device properties is achieved by electrically driven migration and redistribution of mobile ions. The memory device shows an unprecedented long‐term stability with a switching ratio of ≈1010. Utilizing this ferroionic nature, 2D transistors able to beat the Boltzmann tyranny, with different gate configurations, are designed. The subthreshold swing (SS) exhibits sub‐60 mV per decade values over five decades of the drain current with a minimum of 12.1 mV per decade. This work paves the way for investigating the symbiotic relationship of ferroelectricity and ionic activities in van der Waals ferroionics and highlights their applications in advanced nanoelectronics.
Conductive Adsorbent for Electrically Controlled Desorption and Sequential Release of Aqueous Mixture
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhang Pei , Fang Shengquan , Zhang Feiyu , Xia Qiancheng , Bu Yongguang , Shen Pengfei , Zhang Xiaolin , Wang Chao , Vecitis Chad D. , Gao Guandao
Published: September 2024

Adsorption is a classical physicochemical process, widely used in heterogeneous catalysis, chemical engineering, and environmental science. Regenerating the exhausted adsorbents or reversible desorption is vital to achieving sustainable adsorption techniques, while the common chemical/thermal regeneration is energy‐intensive and environmentally unfriendly. Given that the adsorbents’ surface physicochemical properties like surface charge and electronic structures, significantly affect adsorption capacity and kinetics, which offers opportunities for green desorption by tailoring surface chemical/electronic features. Since a certain adsorbate possesses specific adsorption energy on adsorbents, an electro‐desorption idea is therefore proposed to electrically control the (sequential) release of aqueous substances by regulating the interfacial adsorption interaction above the corresponding threshold interfacial potential. Herein, as a proof‐of‐concept design, a sub‐millimeter‐sized carbon nanotube‐reinforced conductive resin composite adsorbent with high conductivity and mechanical strength is developed, which demonstrates a high electro‐desorption efficiency toward benzoic acid (94.1%; 3 V negative bias) and well‐controlled electro‐desorption kinetics by regulating the surface polarization. Using benzoic acid and terephthalic acid as a model of organic mixtures, the adsorbent exhibits an efficient bias‐dependent sequential electro‐desorption capability in separating mixtures. This work provides a promising efficient solution for green and efficient desorption/regeneration and a pioneering electrically‐driven strategy toward aqueous mixture separation.
Foam‐to‐Foam Recycling Potential of PU‐Foams by Integration of Amino Esters
Authors: Kassem Hiba , Samat Emir H. , Imbernon Lucie , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: September 2024

The increasing market demand for flexible polyurethane foams (PUFs) is prompting the academic and industrial community to seek solutions for their end‐of‐life management. In this study, this issue is addressed by incorporating β‐amino ester (BAE) moieties into the foam structure. This addition results in flexible hybrid PU‐BAE foams that can be thermally reprocessed and chemically recycled, with cell sizes ranging from 780 to 990 µm and densities between 90 and 150 kg m−3. These foams demonstrate thermomechanical reprocessability, yielding stable PU‐BAE elastomers, with glass transition temperature values ranging from 14 to 25 °C. Stress relaxation experiments reveal remarkably fast relaxation times for these hybrid elastomers (23 s at 160 °C). Furthermore, a systematic investigation of the chemical recyclability of these foams via glycosylation is conducted under mild conditions, achieving complete disintegration within 20 min at 65 °C. Finally, the chemically recycled product is converted into a foam again, achieving a closed loop foam‐to‐foam recycling process. These findings indicate that the integration of BAE into PUFs leads to an enhanced chemical recycling rate, providing a promising avenue for addressing end‐of‐life concerns in PUF‐applications.
Triple‐Cation Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Single‐Crystal Thin‐Film for High‐Performance Photodetector via Adjusting Lattice Strain and Mitigating Surface Defects
Authors: Xing Jun , Sun Yue , He Shengrong , Huang Xiaorui , Li Ying , Huang Ziyuan , Wang Bin , Zhou Rongxue , Li Yixuan , Zhang Jiayong , Li Peng , Li Wei , Yu Weili
Published: September 2024

Triple‐cation mixed‐halide (TCMH), i.e., (FAPbI3)1‐x‐y(MAPbBr3)y(CsPbI3)x, perovskite single‐crystal thin‐films (SCTFs) have emerged as candidates for high‐performance photodetectors. However, high lattice strain, surface defects, and the non‐ideal yellow phase such as δ‐FAPbI3 and δ‐CsPbI3, are impeding the realization of high‐quality TCMH SCTFs. Therefore, the synthesis of pure‐phase, high‐quality TCMH SCTFs with low lattice strain and defect density is imperative for enhancing light absorption and carrier mobility, thereby optimizing photoresponsivity. Herein, an innovative approach is proposed for synthesize TCMH SCTFs using an optimized space‐limited anti‐solvent assisted crystallization technique which employs 2‐methoxyethanol as the solvent and diethyl ether as anti‐solvent, devoid of thermal enhancement. A novel reducing additive, formic acid, is incorporated to mitigate phase separation, and the composition ratio is meticulously adjusted to regulate lattice strain. The results show that a pure‐phased optimal composition ratio (FA0.82MA0.11Cs0.07) SCTF with a low surface defect density (2.29 × 109 cm−2), low lattice strain (0.81%) and high hole mobility (77.58 cm−2 V−1 s−1) is successfully prepared. Moreover, the non‐integrated planar FA0.82MA0.11Cs0.07 SCTF photodetector also achieved a record photo‐responsivity (229.5 A W−1), and external quantum efficiency (5.4 × 104%), indicating its great potential in light‐detecting. This research paves the way for the development of high‐performance photodetectors via adjusting lattice strain and mitigating surface defects in TCMH SCTFs.
Facile Fabrication of Tough Super Macroporous Hydrogel via Enhanced Phase Separation
Authors: Guo Yunzhou , Han Yang , Cao Yangyang , Chen Yuping , Xie Jingwen , Ding Hanchen , Liang Shifu , Liu Xin , Sun Wenjing , Tang Jianbin , Shao Shiqun , Xiang Jiajia , Shen Youqing
Published: September 2024

Super macroporous (SMP) hydrogels have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their high permeability and biomimetic pore structure. However, maintaining toughness in highly porous materials remains a formidable challenge. This study introduces a facile one‐step preparation method for fabricating tough alginate hydrogels with an SMP structure by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate cross‐linked with calcium chloride. By capitalizing on the phase separation effect, this method bypasses traditional requirements such as cryogelation and templating that necessitate low temperatures or solvent etching. The presence of PVA molecules promotes the regional aggregation of alginates, leading to enhanced toughness, and also occupies larger interstitial spaces between the densely packed alginate phases, facilitating pore formation. The resulting SMP structure, featuring pore sizes ranging from 50 µm to 700 µm, forms during the polymer cross‐linking process and achieves a porosity exceeding 85%. These hydrogels exhibit superior toughness compare to their non‐macroporous counterparts. Additionally, this method allows for flexible adjustments in the porous structure and overall gel shape, making it adaptable to various applications. This simple yet effective approach holds great potential for developing novel SMP materials with enhanced toughness.
Biomimetic Quasi‐Skin‐Capillary Structure Engineering of Ionic‐Electronic Conducting Full‐Chain Networks for Stable Zinc Powder Anodes
Authors: Zheng Xunwen , Song Ziyang , Zhang Da , Du Wenyan , Miao Ling , Lv Yaokang , Gan Lihua , Liu Mingxian
Published: September 2024

Compared with prevailing Zn foil, Zn powders (ZnP) with special‐shaped tunability and large‐scale processability are considered promising anodes for propelling Zn batteries, but face the issue of discrete contact between Zn particles due to their intrinsic monodispersed geometries. Here a novel biomimetic quasi‐skin‐capillary ZnP anode with ionic‐electronic conducting full‐chain networks (ZnP‐FC) is designed, characterized by an aramid nanofiber (ANF) surface coating (skin) and a ZnP‐ANF interwoven inner skeleton (capillary). The epidermal coating not only stabilizes the anode/electrolyte interface to homogenize Zn2+ flux and shields direct contact between H2O and ZnP but also extends inward as a capillary‐like adhesive to anchor ZnP and affords high Zn2+ selectivity for boosting plating/stripping efficiency. Benefiting from these favorable attributes, ZnP‐FC||ZnP‐FC cell enables high kinetics and stable ion migration to afford a long‐term operation for over 1650 h at 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, ZnP‐FC||KV12O30‐y·nH2O full battery harvests a high‐rate capability (15 A g−1) and ultralong cyclic stability (6000 cycles). This work extends the structural engineering landscape of Zn powder anodes for advanced batteries.
A Li/Mg Double‐Salt Strategy Based on Amine Solvent Achieves Bulk Phase‐Interface‐Electrode Multi‐Scale Optimization for Mg Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Fei , Hua Haiming , Zhuang Yichao , Wu Jiayue , Zeng Jing , Zhao Jinbao
Published: September 2024

Achieving good compatibility between anodes and cathodes with electrolytes still faces great challenges in Mg metal batteries (MMBs). Recently developed amine‐based electrolytes have enabled reversible Mg anodes with conventional Mg salts through solvation structure regulations but still suffer from low conductivity and poor cathode compatibility. Herein, a Li/Mg double‐salt strategy is proposed to achieve the bulk phase‐interface‐electrode multi‐scale optimization for the amine‐based electrolyte, including ionic conductivity, anode stability, and cathode compatibility. Lithium triflate (LiOTf) serves as a multifunctional additive to compensate for the limitations of single Mg salt electrolyte (MgCl2/3‐methoxypropylamine). Li+ ions accelerate the ions transport in the bulk phase and ions insertion at the cathode side, benefitting to the conductivity and the cathode compatibility. Attributed to the high reduction stability of OTf− anions, the stable Mg anode/interface is also retained. Therefore, the Mg//SS cell achieves an ultralong cycling life for 2100 cycles with the coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 1.0 mA cm−2 and the full cell also exhibits a superior cycling performance for 1000 cycles at 5 C. Additionally, the batteries with the optimized electrolyte are verified as a proof‐of‐concept for the air‐assembled MMBs. This work emphasizes the crucial role of multifunctional additives in enhancing amine‐based electrolyte performances.
Revealing the Origin of Anisotropic Rashba Spin‐Orbital Splitting and Four‐Phonon Scattering in Strontium‐Tin‐Selenium Thermoelectrics
Authors: Bai Shulin , Liu Dongrui , Shi Haonan , Qin Yongxin , Qin Bingchao , Hong Tao , Gao Tian , Qiu Yuting , Liu Yu , Li Zhen , Kang Peng , Zheng Lei , Zhao Li‐Dong
Published: September 2024

Inspired by the remarkable performance of SnSe‐based compounds in thermoelectrics, a strontium‐tin‐selenium (SrSnSe2) compound is theoretically designed, observing anisotropic Rashba spin‐orbital splitting and strong four‐phonon scattering behavior. Through comprehensive analyses of elastic constants, phonon dispersion, and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, the mechanical, dynamic, and thermal stability of SrSnSe2 is demonstrated. Electronic calculations reveal that the anisotropic band is decomposed into two distinct bands (heavy and light) due to anisotropic Rashba spin splitting, significantly impacting the electrical transport properties for n‐type and p‐type systems. Moreover, phonon dispersion analysis shows an avoided‐crossing behavior in SrSnSe2, attributed to the expression of the 5s2 lone pair. Notably, four‐phonon scattering in SrSnSe2 lacking phonon bandgap is particularly pronounced compared to SnSe, which is ascribed to the Jahn‐Teller‐like distortion of the SrSe6 octahedron. Combining multiple scattering mechanisms, the optimal thermoelectric performance is evaluated, achieving a ZT of ≈2.57 at 900 K for n‐type and ≈2.47 at 900 K for p‐type SrSnSe₂ under different carrier concentrations and temperatures. The results discover the underlying unusual transport mechanisms in SrSnSe2 thermoelectrics, providing a theoretical case for manipulating anisotropic Rashba band splitting and phonon scattering selection rule.