bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentidos del trabajo en el capitalismo de plataformas: Análisis de narrativas audiovisuales en la gig economy
Authors: Ojeda Magdalena Garcés , Frías Castro Pamela , Stecher Antonio
Published: September 2021

La expansión del capitalismo de plataformas o de la gig economy es una característica del mundo del trabajo contemporáneo. Junto al despliegue de nuevas formas de vinculación laboral y organización del trabajo, que han supuesto procesos de precarización, individualización y fragmentación de las experiencias laborales, es posible observar una activa producción de discursos que buscan legitimar el modelo de negocio de las empresas de plataformas. Se presentan resultados de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio que analizó desde un enfoque narrativo tres producciones audiovisuales publicitarias de dichas empresas, analizando los sentidos que construyen respecto al trabajador, la actividad de trabajar y la empresa. Constatamos que dichas producciones se orientan a legitimar estas formas de trabajo a partir de la apelación a sentidos de autonomía, flexibilidad, dinamismo, alto desempeño y utilidad social, que invisibilizan y naturalizan los mecanismos de precarización y dominación social que juegan un rol central en el capitalismo de plataformas.
Objetos proposicionales: una política organizacional mediada por documentos
Authors: Castillo-Sepúlveda Jorge , Gálvez-Ramírez Mariana , Bywaters-Collado Fernanda
Published: September 2021

Los documentos han formado parte importante de los procesos de formalización y transformación organizacional. Esto ha sido particularmente evidente en el campo de la medicina. En este trabajo analizamos las acciones que promueven documentos como las guías de práctica clínica. Realizamos etnografías focalizadas, entrevistas y análisis documental en espacios de diseño, así como también en centros de atención. Para el análisis, adoptamos la perspectiva de la teoría del actor-red. Esta aproximación nos ha permitido señalar cómo las guías inscriben relaciones que son interpretadas localmente, entablan vínculos de co-afección en tanto modifican y son modificadas por los escenarios clínicos, y participan de arreglos pragmáticos para formular determinados efectos. Finalmente, y adoptando elementos de la filosofía procesual de Whitehead, consideramos que estas pueden ser concebidas como objetos proposicionales. Estos objetos recogen las potencialidades normativas de un escenario, ofrecen ocasiones para ser introducidos en relaciones y, asimismo, orientar su curso.
Entre managerialismo y nostalgia. El debate por el futuro de la Universidad y el Trabajo Académico
Authors: Sisto Vicente , Núñez-Parra Lorena , Rivera-Aguilera Guillermo
Published: September 2021

La universidad y el trabajo académico han sido interpeladas a hacerse más eficientes bajo los criterios del Nuevo Management Público, promoviendo privatización y modelos de gestión y financiamiento por desempeño. Chile, considerado caso emblemático, ha realizado nuevas reformas respondiendo a las movilizaciones estudiantiles que han cuestionado dicho modelo desde 2011. Este artículo aborda el debate en torno a estas reformas, desplegado en columnas de opinión, editoriales y cartas al director en los principales medios. Los resultados evidencian la disputa entre dos versiones de universidad y trabajo académico: la managerialista, orientada a competencia, estándares e indicadores, y la humboldtiana basada en constantes apelaciones a un “pasado mejor” que fue truncado. Entre estas, emergen otras híbridas que dan cuenta de la variabilidad en el uso de estos repertorios. Las versiones desplegadas muestran los límites del debate, y de la posibilidad de imaginar un futuro de la universidad más allá del managerialismo.
Vacant inheritance, heirless inheritance and claims from Warsaw Decree (part II)
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: September 2021

The second part of the article concerns the interpretation and application in the central parts of Poland of the provisions of the Napoleonic Code on vacant inheritances. The Code does not provide a definition of the vacant inheritance. The key to the interpretation of the provisions on the acquisition of vacant inheritances by the state is the term “is presumed to be” (a vacant inheritance) used in the former Article 811 of the Napoleonic Code (French: est réputée vacante), see the current Article 809 of the French Civil Code which omits the term “is presumed to be”).This indicates that, in the absence of suitable heirs, the law introduced a specific rebuttable presumption of a vacant inheritance, belonging to the state. Only after an appropriate period of time did the presumption turn into certainty, i.e. it resulted in the inability to invoke the inheritance title. In practice, this meant that thirty years after the time necessary to draw up an inventory of the inheritance and to deliberate (ad deliberandum), the inheritance ultimately fell to the State. The mechanism adopted in the Napoleonic Code made it possible, on the one hand, for the heir to acquire the inheritance, which remained under the supervision of a curator for the period when it was presumed vacant, and on the other hand, it prevented the existence of inheritances without a claimant, i.e. inheritances devoid of the persons entitled to take them over. In the post-war period, when the communist authorities passed subsequent legal acts concerning the provisions of the inheritance law, the deadlines for heirs to apply for inheritance changed. Ultimately, the legislator did not adopt the model of vacant inheritances in the regulations harmonising the inheritance law on the Polish lands since 1947; instead, a solution analogous to the one provided for in the German Civil Code of 1986 (BGB) was adopted. The “shortening” of the statute of limitations also influenced the assessment of the admissibility of further application of the provisions of the Napoleonic Code in regard to vacant inheritances during the period of the People’s Republic of Poland regime (despite the existence of different inheritance law solutions).
Report from 3rd Legal Forum of Spatial Economy and Construction 'Special Investment and Construction Acts
Authors: Bojar - Fijałkowski Tomasz
Published: September 2021

The 3rd Legal Forum of Spatial Economy and Construction, entitled 'Special Investment and Construction Acts', was held on 31 May 2019 at the University of Gdańsk. It was organised by the Department of Administrative Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Gdańsk. The Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the Forum, and at the same time the originator of this series of Legal Forums on Spatial Economy and Construction has been Tomasz Bąkowski, PhD, professor of the University of Gdańsk, while the Organising Committee was led by Tomasz Bojar-Fijałkowski, PhD. The forum was held under the auspices of the presidents of Gdynia, Sopot and Gdańsk, its sponsor was the Energa Foundation, and its co-organiser was the Foundation for the Development of the University of Gdańsk. The event was attended by over 40 representatives of academic and professional circles representing the largest Polish university centres, as well as administration and judiciary bodies.
RESTRICTIONS ON CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19`S PANDEMIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE SYSTEM OF LAW
Authors: Wentkowska Aleksandra , Tkacz Sławomir
Published: September 2021

The time of COVID- 19 pandemia presents a number of challenges for policymakers and enforcement of law. On the one hand, they are related to the need to quickly respond to threats concerning the spread of the epidemic, on the other hand, the need to maintain standards related to the obligation to implement the values of law. The measures taken to protect the life and health of citizens, in particular the restrictions introduced by executive acts, undoubtedly undermine the assumption that the law creates a system. The first part of the article present philosophical and legal reference to the issues of law-making in the time of pandemia. The second part contains a study of cases of the Ombudsman. The text ends with short reflections presented as a summary
RELIEFS IN THE REPAYMENT OF PROPERTY TAX LIABILITIES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SPECIFIC LEGAL SOLUTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SARSCOV2 PANDEMIC
Authors: Gwóźdź Tomasz
Published: September 2021

The subject of the article is tax relief in the payment of property tax liabilities. Both solutions resulting directly from the Tax Code and those introduced in connection with the SARS CoV-2 epidemic and its economic consequences were taken into account. The types of discounts were discussed, as well as the conditions that must be met in order to apply them. It was indicated how to understand the important interest of the taxpayer and the public interest, referring to the decisions of administrative courts and the views of the doctrine. Special solutions for entrepreneurs in this regard were also analyzed separately. The most important rules of procedure for granting the requested tax reliefs are also presented. The article ends with conclusions and an attempt to evaluate the current legal regulations.
O Uso de Assistente de Provas no Ensino de Lógica
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo Geraldo , Roggia Karina , Vasconcellos Cristiano
Published: September 2021

Este resumo tem como objetivo fomentar a discussão sobre a importância do uso de ferramentas computacionais para o ensino de lógica formal em cursos de Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação. Em especial, sugerimos a utilização de assistentes de provas para o desenvolvimento das habilidades presentes em conteúdos introdutórios de lógica e matemática discreta.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/5nwKwVFKW2k
RecifeGo!: Promovendo a Interdisciplinaridade do Pensamento Computacional na Rua
Authors: Dallegrave Vitor , Pereira Wellington , Silva José Alexandre , Lira Waleska , Andrade Thiago Matheus Silva de , França Rozelma Soares
Published: September 2021

A proposta do projeto RecifeGo! surge do interesse de professores da ETE-Porto Digital trabalharem em projetos interdisciplinares, se apoiando na Computação, embora fora identificado que existem vários fatores que dificultam essa prática que agora se somam aos desafios da COVID-19. Diante disso o professor supervisor, juntamente com os bolsistas do PIBID Computação da UFRPE, se inspiraram em desenvolver uma atividade educacional que adaptasse práticas de atividades extraclasse, anteriormente praticadas nas aulas de Artes, trabalhando de forma conjunta com outras disciplinas. Assim, inicia-se a ideia de possibilitar um passeio virtual pelas ruas ao redor da escola, potencializando a aprendizagem de conteúdos curriculares atrelado ao pensamento computacional.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/Et7HnpFlWnY
Análise de correlação entre habilidade de Resolução de Problemas e desempenho em disciplinas de programação
Authors: Oliveira Jhonatas Costa , Carvalho Leandro Silva Galvão de , Oliveira Elaine Harada Teixeira de , Oliveira David Braga Fernandes de , Pereira Filipe Dwan
Published: September 2021

Na Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), a disciplina de Introdução à Programação de Computadores (IPC) é ofertada como componente curricular obrigatório de 17 cursos de graduação non-major. Porém, a taxa de aprovação nessa disciplina, entre 2010 e 2019, oscilou entre 40% a 50%. Como uma forma de lidar com esse problema, este trabalho em progresso tem por objetivo validar e aplicar um questionário diagnóstico que potencialmente identifique alunos com dificuldade na resolução de problemas e com consequente alto risco de reprovação. Após o encerramento da validação, o questionário será aplicado em diversas turmas de IPC, no início do período letivo, por meio da plataforma de juiz online CodeBench1. As respostas dadas pelos alunos aos itens do questionário serão coletadas e, em seguida, correlacionadas com a nota obtida em IPC durante o mesmo período letivo. Os resultados obtidos pelo presente estudo serão contrastados com os obtidos por Lishinski e colegas.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/pk2Cltb1BZo
Estruturação de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem para suporte na aplicação virtual da metodologia PBL
Authors: dos Santos Rebeca Marques , Silveira Fernanda Da Silva , Luz Igo Amauri dos Santos , de Santana Fernanda Castelo Branco
Published: September 2021

Em decorrência da pandemia da COVID-19, declarada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), o Instituto Federal da Bahia (IFBA) suspendeu as atividades presenciais por tempo indeterminado. De forma a minimizar os impactos, o IFBA regulamentou a implementação de Atividades de Ensino Não Presenciais Emergenciais (AENPE) durante a pandemia. No contexto das AENPE, os autores deste resumo tiveram a ideia de analisar diferentes Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) e propor, dentro destes, um modelo de espaço virtual de trabalho para executar a metodologia PBL (Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas). Devido a disponibilidade de forma institucional no IFBA, os AVA objeto de estudo deste trabalho são: Microsoft Teams, Google Classroom (GSuite) e Moodle. A motivação em propor esse projeto surgiu na relação entre AVA e Metodologias Ativas, mais especificamente o PBL, e no fato de que os AVA disponíveis no IFBA não foram desenvolvidos com foco em serem utilizados com metodologias ativas de ensino. A execução do PBL de forma remota exige que o AVA disponha de recursos tecnológicos, como: ferramenta que possibilite momentos síncronos de discussão; compartilhamento de material didático; edição de texto de forma online; quadro digital colaborativo; mecanismos para uma comunicação dinâmica entre os membros atores; entre outros. A ideia de que trata este resumo começou a ser aplicada em 2020, quando o IFBA iniciou as ofertas de AENPE. Em um primeiro momento, os docentes decidiram aplicar o PBL de forma remota em duas diferentes turmas de cursos de computação do IFBA utilizando o Microsoft Teams como AVA.Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/3U3Y3hvyscY
Aplicação de PBL on-line em cursos da área de computação durante a pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Gomes Davy , Silva Luciano , de Santana Fernanda Castelo Branco , Luz Igo Amauri dos Santos
Published: September 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 tem se apresentado como uma crise global, com impactos em diferentes setores da sociedade, incluindo a educação. Com a adoção de medidas para contenção da transmissão do novo coronavírus, o distanciamento social é uma prática adotada, levando instituições educacionais a suspenderem suas atividades presenciais e adotarem um novo modelo de ensino, com aulas remotas. Uma nova dinâmica precisou ser estabelecida de maneira a engajar os estudantes nos seus espaços de aprendizagem, as salas virtuais, e a utilização de variadas ferramentas digitais foi intensificada. Além disso, diferentes metodologias de ensino tiveram destaque como possíveis estratégias para aumentar a eficiência do processo de ensino-aprendizagem no ambiente virtual, entre elas, as metodologias ativas. Este trabalho apresenta brevemente as etapas idealizadas para a aplicação do PBL (Problem Based Learning) on-line em cursos ofertados para estudantes do ensino superior da área de computação do Instituto Federal da Bahia. Ao considerar o PBL uma maneira de dar autonomia ao aluno na busca pelo conhecimento e perceber que esta é uma habilidade essencial, especialmente demandada em tempos de ensino remoto, espera-se que a aplicação da metodologia, já iniciada nas primeiras turmas virtuais, possibilite resultados satisfatórios para docentes e discentes. Instrumentos diagnósticos devem ser construídos e preenchidos pelos participantes para que seja verificado se a proposta do PBL online favoreceu uma aprendizagem efetiva dos estudantes durante a execução do ensino remoto. Link para o vídeo da apresentação: https://youtu.be/MHHBZhtJgeg
Como o uso de aplicativos móveis educacionais impacta o cotidiano de crianças autistas? Uma avaliação por meio de diários de usuário
Authors: Castelo Branco Karina da Silva , Pinheiro Valéria Maria da Silva , Damian Adriana Lopes , Marques Anna Beatriz dos Santos
Published: September 2021

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) pode ser classificado como um tipo de transtorno global do desenvolvimento, caracterizado por prejuízos em diferentes áreas do desenvolvimento do indivíduo, como interação, socialização, concentração e principalmente na comunicação. Pesquisas relacionadas ao uso de tecnologias educacionais para o público autista no Brasil ganhou destaque após a publicação da Lei N° 12.674, que institui a Política Nacional de Proteção dos Direitos da Pessoa com TEA. A vasta gama de tecnologias disponíveis e a pouca quantidade de estudos empíricos, dificulta a identificação de aplicações úteis e alinhadas aos interesses de mães, pais e profissionais que lidam com crianças autistas. Por esta razão, decidiu-se investigar sobre o uso de aplicativos educacionais móveis na aprendizagem e nas atividades diárias de crianças autistas. Para explorar a experiência de uso dos aplicativos pelas crianças em seu cotidiano, foi conduzido um estudo com o uso de diários. Os participantes do estudo foram crianças autistas cujas mães participam de uma associação de mães do município de Jaguaruana no estado do Ceará. Os aplicativos utilizados promoveram boa experiência de uso, incluindo benefícios no aprendizado e desenvolvimento da comunicação. Esta pesquisa visa contribuir no contexto acadêmico e social, pois os resultados são relevantes tanto para pessoas que convivem com crianças autistas, como para profissionais da área.
Main Organs Involved in Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Lema-Pérez Laura
Published: September 2021

Sugar, or technically known as glucose, is the main source of energy of all cells in the human body. The glucose homeostasis cycle is the mechanism to maintain blood glucose levels in a healthy threshold. When this natural mechanism is broken, many metabolic disorders appear such as diabetes mellitus, and some substances of interest, like glucose, are out of control. In the mechanism to maintain blood glucose, several organs are involved but the role of most of them has been disregarded in the literature. In this chapter, the main organs involved in such a mechanism and their role in glucose metabolism are described. Specifically, the stomach and small intestine, organs of the gastrointestinal system, are the first to play an important role in the regulatory system, because it is where carbohydrates are digested and absorbed as glucose into the bloodstream. Then glucose as a simple substance goes to the liver to be stored as glycogen. Glucose storage occurs due to the delivery of hormones from the pancreas, which produces, stores, and releases insulin and glucagon, two antagonistic hormones with an important role in glucose metabolism. The kidneys assist the liver in insulin clearance in the postprandial state and gluconeogenesis in the post absorptive state. Physiological aspects and the detailed role of every organ involved in glucose metabolism are described in this chapter.
Quest for I (Intelligence) in AI (Artificial Intelligence): A Non-Elusive Attempt
Authors: S. Ray Kumar
Published: September 2021

This chapter essentially makes a non-elusive attempt in quest of ‘I’ (Intelligence) in ‘AI’ (Artificial Intelligence). In the year 1950, Alan Turing proposed “the imitation game” which was a gaming problem to make a very fundamental question — “can a machine think?”. The said article of Turing did not provide any tool to measure intelligence but produced a philosophical argument on the issue of intelligence. In 1950, Claude Shannon published a landmark paper on computer chess and rang the bell of the computer era. Over the past decades, there have been huge attempts to define and measure intelligence across the fields of cognitive psychology and AI. We critically appreciate these definitions and evaluation approaches in quest of intelligence, which can mimic the cognitive abilities of human intelligence. We arrive at the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (C–H–C) concept, which is a three-stratum theory for intelligence. The C–H–C theory of intelligence can be crudely approximated by deep meta-learning approach to integrate the representation power of deep learning into meta-learning. Thus we can combine crystallized intelligence with fluid intelligence, as they complement each other for robust learning, reasoning, and problem-solving in a generalized setup which can be a benchmark for flexible AI and eventually general AI. In far-reaching future to search for human-like intelligence in general AI, we may explore neuromorphic computing which is essentially based on biological neurons.
Utilization and Conservation of Landrace Chickens of Nigeria: Physical and Performance Characteristics, Issues and Concerns
Authors: Chikezie Ogbu Cosmas
Published: September 2021

The Nigerian indigenous chickens (NICs) are a critical component of the global animal genetic resources. They are distributed in rural areas, kept by the majority of the rural poor. They constitute different strains, or ecotypes local to tribes, regions, or ecological zones and are valued for their disease resistance, adaptation, and yield of valuable products and income on marginal inputs making them a low risk species. They are hence a unique and vital genetic resource and gene pool for present and long-term genetic improvement and human need for food and sustenance. The NIC is however; threatened by extinction owing to neglect, negative selection, breed substitution, and genetic introgression. There is need to draw research and policy attention to the conservation of NICs in accord with the global effort for the conservation of indigenous chickens which is probably the most neglected among farm animal species. The present review therefore, focuses on the physical and performance characteristics, genetic diversity and improvement, utilization and conservation of NIC genetic resources.
Advanced Driving Assistance System for an Electric Vehicle Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Sahbani Abdelaziz , Mahersia Hela
Published: September 2021

This chapter deals with a design of a new speed control method using artificial intelligence techniques applied to an autonomous electric vehicle. In this research, we develop an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) which aims to enhance the driving manner and the safety, especially when traveling too fast. The proposed model is a complete end-to-end vehicle speed system controller that proceeds from a detected speed limit sign to the regulation of the motor’s speed. It recognizes the speed limit signs before extracting from them, a speed information that will be sent, as reference, to a NARMA-L2 based controller. The study is developped specially for electric vehicle using Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor. The simulation results, implemented using Matlab-Simulink, show that the speed of the electric vehicle is controlled successfully with different speed references coming from the image processing unit.
Impacts of Dyscalculia in Learning Mathematics: Some Considerations for Content Delivery and Support
Authors: Kunwar Rajendra
Published: September 2021

Dyscalculia is one of the important but less prioritized areas in learning mathematics. A group of students about 3–7 percent of school-age are facing problems associated with dyscalculia. They are facing problems related to number comparison, symbols and reasoning. This paper discusses the general features of dyscalculia and ways to overcome it. This article mainly focuses on the problem related to mathematics learning due to dyscalculia. It further highlights the concept and meaning of dyscalculia, types, causes of dyscalculia, common difficulty areas in mathematics for dyscalculic children, the impact of dyscalculia in mathematics learning. Finally, it also brings out the effective ways of delivering the mathematical content in the classroom teaching and ways to support dyscalculic students.
TrkA Signalling and Parkinson’s Dementia
Authors: Jeyaram Bharathi J. , Antony Justin
Published: September 2021

Cognitive impairment and dementia are the most frequently occurring nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet these symptoms are mostly overlooked and are not diagnosed and treated exceptionally like the cardinal motor symptoms in clinical practice. It is only in the late twentieth century that dementia has been recognized as a major clinical manifestation in PD. The possible mechanisms that cause dementia are complex with different patterns of cognitive behavior that disrupt the patient’s quality of life. It is preeminently considered that the cholinergic denervation in the basal forebrain region mediates dementia in PD. So far, dopamine-based therapy is the key objective in the treatment of PD and the nonmotor symptoms are mostly neglected. Interestingly, the loss of Tyrosine kinase receptor-A (TrkA) signaling in basal forebrain results in neuronal atrophy, which precedes cholinergic denervation and cognitive impairment. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) binds to TrkA receptors, inducing a cascade of events like PI-3Kinase/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways that render cholinergic degeneration and upregulate the choline acetyltransferase activity and neuronal differentiation. Hence, TrkA receptor activation by small molecules might attenuate the dementia symptoms associated with PD, and may be targeted as a novel treatment strategy along with regular clinical agents.
Therapeutic Landscapes: A Natural Weaving of Culture, Health and Land
Authors: Marques Bruno , McIntosh Jacqueline , Webber Hayley
Published: September 2021

Current concepts of therapeutic landscape combine landscape with principles of holistic health and the interaction of social, affective and material factors. As social tensions widen the gap between the places of emotional retreat and healing from those of everyday sociability, concepts of therapeutic landscape are evolving to reflect society’s current values. This chapter examines how cultural place-based values affect and maintain physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health and well-being in the context of a therapeutic landscape. Five case studies from Australasia, Africa, Middle East and Latin America are analysed to understand better the interrelationships between land, culture and health that make an environment therapeutic. The case studies were selected based on their engagement with the cultural traditions of landscape architecture and how the boundaries of these cultural traditions are negotiated within a modern context. The chapter contributes to the knowledge base of landscape architects and academics interested in the role of culture in producing and maintaining therapeutic landscapes by presenting a cross-cultural analysis to illustrate a range of strategies for incorporating cultural traditions and customs into modern landscape architectural contexts to promote health and well-being.
Patients’ (Clients) Satisfaction with Medical Laboratory Services Contributes to Health and Quality Improvement
Authors: S. Etukudoh Nkereuwem , M. Obeta Uchejeso
Published: September 2021

Patients’ (clients/customer) services and satisfaction in Medical Laboratory Services and general healthcare is one of the twelve (12) quality essentials of Total Quality Management System (TQMS) emphasized by quality standards as seen in ISO 17025, ISO 15189 and ISO 9001. The patients otherwise referred to as customers or clients to Medical Laboratory and healthcare in general, is the heart-beat and kings to the healthcare system. This chapter looks into the quality aspect of medical laboratory services from the patients’ angle towards thorough satisfaction or dissatisfaction index and otherwise creates room for improvement in the services and healthcare in general. The chapter therefore, identified medical laboratory clients to include patients and patients’ relations, physicians and other healthcare workers, public health and government, communities and interested parties, and medical laboratory profession. There is a need to administer services satisfaction survey developed by Director of Medical Laboratory Services or human resources/quality officers in line with the ISO 15189, ISO 17075 and ISO 9001 to customers/clients from time to time so the outcome can be used to correct services errors and cause quality improvement. It is believed that patients’ satisfaction causes improvement in healthcare, quick recovery of patients and willingness of the patient to return to the healthcare facility in future. Patients’ and customers’ in medical laboratory feedback contributes to quality management and improvement to Medical Laboratory services and healthcare as an ingredient of TQMS.
Tackling Local Anesthetic Failure in Endodontics
Authors: Janani Krishnamachari , Venkata Teja Kavalipurapu , K Harini , Apoorva Vasundhara Kaligotla , Jose Jerry
Published: September 2021

Achieving anesthesia in a hot tooth or tooth with inflamed pulp is challenging, especially during endodontic treatment. In the presence of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, mainly in mandibular teeth, pose even more challenge to attain profound anesthesia. Tetradoxin resistant channel is a class of sodium channel that is found to be increased in such condition and is found to resist local anesthesia. The pH also determines the success of local anesthesia. In inflammatory conditions, the surrounding area’s pH, which eventually decreases the amount of base form of local anesthetic penetration into the nerve membrane, thereby causing anesthetic failure. In such conditions, the excitability threshold is reduced, leading to failure in achieving anesthesia. This chapter highlights and discusses the cause of anesthetic failure and its management in obtaining profound anesthesia during endodontic treatment.
Efficient Simulation of Airborne SAR Raw Data in Case of Motion Errors
Authors: Guo Yuhua , Jin Shichao , Guo Yuhong
Published: September 2021

In the simulation of SAR raw data, it is well-known that the frequency-domain algorithm is more efficient than a time-domain algorithm, making it is more suitable for extended scene simulation. However, the frequency-domain algorithm is perhaps better suited for ideal linear motion and requires some degrees of approximations to take the nonlinear motion effects. This chapter presents an efficient simulation approach based on hybrid time and frequency-domain algorithms under certain assumptions. The algorithm has high efficiency and is suitable for the simulation of extended scenes, which demands highly computational resources. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, followed by numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Role of Natural Additives on Quality and Shelf Life Extension of Fish and Fishery Products
Authors: Vijayan Ardhra , Krishnan Sivaraman Gopalan , Visnuvinayagam Sivam , P. Mothadaka Mukteswar
Published: September 2021

Fish and fishery products have drawn greater attention due to their high nutritional value owing to the presence of cheap superior quality proteins, essential fatty acids, and macro and micronutrients. But higher water content, non- protein nitrogen, and post mortem pH (6–7) in fish favor rapid spoilage by autolysis or putrefaction, and can result in health risk as well as economic loss. Moreover, the quality of fish is affected by species, harvesting season, handling and method of processing. Thus, application of food additives become necessary to maintain the shelf life, nutritional content, texture and flavor of the raw material as well as processed products. Considerable research is being done on applications of natural additives after the emergence of the concept ‘Green consumerism’ which resulted in decreased consumer preference for using synthetic food additives. In this background, this chapter will review the natural additives used for quality maintenance and shelf life extension of fish and fishery products.
AI Modeling to Combat COVID-19 Using CT Scan Imaging Algorithms and Simulations: A Study
Authors: Zaeri Naser
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been designated as a worldwide pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) and raised an international call for global health emergency. In this regard, recent advancements of technologies in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning provide opportunities for researchers and scientists to step in this battlefield and convert the related data into a meaningful knowledge through computational-based models, for the task of containment the virus, diagnosis and providing treatment. In this study, we will provide recent developments and practical implementations of artificial intelligence modeling and machine learning algorithms proposed by researchers and practitioners during the pandemic period which suggest serious potential in compliant solutions for investigating diagnosis and decision making using computerized tomography (CT) scan imaging. We will review the modern algorithms in CT scan imaging modeling that may be used for detection, quantification, and tracking of Coronavirus and study how they can differentiate Coronavirus patients from those who do not have the disease.
Photocatalytic Applications of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Authors: ul Haq Atta , Saeed Muhammad , Gul Khan Samreen , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Water pollution is one the fundamental problems that have got the serious concerns of the researchers. Water poluution arises due to a number of reasons including domestic, industrial, agricultural, scinec and technology. The textile industry is the main industry that releases the dyes contaminated wastewater to the environment. A varities of protocols have been attempeted for the removal of dyes from aqueous body. Photocatalysis is one of the effective techniques which offer opportunities to overcome the aqueous pollution caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The semiconductor metal oxides used as photocatalysts are capable to provide a sustainable and clean ecosystem due to the tunable physiochemical characteristics of semiconductor metal oxides. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the metal oxides that can be effectively employed as a photocatalyst in the abatement of aqueous pollution due to organic compounds. The catalytic performance of titanium dioxide depends on several parameters like its crystallinity, surface area, and morphology. Titanium dioxide has shown good performance in the different photocatalytic systems, however, the characteristics like wide band gap and low conductivity limit the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide. Various attempts have been made to improve the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide. Herein, we summarize the various attempts to improve the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide in the abatement of aqueous pollution. The attempts made for the improvement of photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide include modifications in composition, doping of other metal, and formation of heterojunctions with other metal oxides.
Mathematical Relationship Based on Experimental Data, for Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Phenolic Compounds Obtained fromEchium italicumL.
Authors: Sameh Boudiba , Karima Hanini , Louiza Boudiba , Izzeddine Saouane , Merzoug Benahmed
Published: September 2021

We highlight in this chapter the corrosion protection using phenolic extract. The building of mathematical models using experimental results obtained from the investigation of phenolic molecules or fractions extracted from Echium italicum L., used as corrosion inhibitors is one of the new trends in the study of steel protection. The evaluation of the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (API 5 L-X60) in a solution 1 M of hydrochloric acid was performed using gravimetric method, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The predicted mathematical relationships between the corrosion rate and the inhibitory efficiency in the presence of the butanolic extract of Echium italicum L. (BEEI), when increasing temperature proved a good agreement between experimental and mathematical studies.
Lipid Peroxidation: A Signaling Mechanism in Diagnosis of Diseases
Authors: Sabanna Patil Kalpana , Ratan Wadekar Raju
Published: September 2021

Quantification of reactive oxygen species, is perplexing either in vivo or in vitro due to their short half-lives. Consequently, to define the magnitude of oxidative stress, the more stable oxidation products can be measured in biological samples. The oxidative stress leads to the lipid peroxidation that involves the initiation, termination and propagation of lipid radicals, wherein, the process involves the oxygen uptake, rearrangement of the double bonds in unsaturated lipids, that leads to polyunsaturated fatty acid deterioration. Subsequently, the toxic signaling end products are considered as biomarkers of free radicals that act both as signaling molecules and as cytotoxic products cause covalent alteration of lipid peroxidation products. The use of validated signaling mechanism (s) of Lipid peroxidation and products derived thereof exhibits its use clinical practice and basic clinical research as well as in clinical practice has become common place, and their presence as endpoints in clinical trials is now broadly accepted. This knowledge can be used to diagnose disease earlier, or to prevent it before it starts. The signaling markers can be used to excel the effectiveness of the prevailing medicines and to improve the new medicines.
Effects of Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Psychological Capital of the Elderly with Dementia
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Abolfazl , Jarareh Jamshid , Mohammadiarya Ali Reza , Karami Behnaz , Keshavarz Mohammadi Robabeh
Published: September 2021

Background: Dementia affects mental health and psychological capital indicators, which disappear with gradual deterioration in mental and cognitive functions. Gradual loss of ability to function independently can cause negative emotional symptoms and even further reduce cognitive and functional impairment. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital in the elderly with dementia. Methods: The current quasi-experimental research was performed following a pre and -post test design with a control group. The effect of cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital of patients aged 60 - 74 years who were admitted to the private Tehran clinics during 2020 was assessed. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants. So that among eligible patients who had inclusion criteria, 11 were selected and then randomly divided into two groups. Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire was used to collect data. After the treatment, a post-test was carried out for all study groups. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance indicated the effectiveness cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital in the elderly with dementia (P < 0.05).
Developing a Study Protocol for Analyzing Policies to Promote Physical Activity Among Urban Middle-Aged People: A Case of a Metropolitan City in Iran
Authors: Fathi Behrouz , Nadrian Haidar , Hashemiparast Mina , Khanijahani Ahmad , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim
Published: September 2021

Background: The level of physical activity (PA) among middle-aged Iranians is less than optimal. This study will be carried out to analyze and recommend policy options to promote PA among urban middle-aged adults in Tabriz, one of the metropolitan cities in Iran. Methods: This multi-method policy analysis study will include the following four phases: First, a qualitative content analysis to explore the reasons for lack of PA. Second, a comparative study of successful PA programs and policies in Iran and other similar developing countries. Third, a qualitative thematic analysis based on the policy triangle to analyses PA promotion policies using the key informants’ views. Fourth, analysis and prioritizing the policy options suggested by a panel of experts using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques. Conclusions: Prospective policy analysis promises the systematic process of selecting potentially effective policy options to promote PA in metropolitan settings of developing countries. The results of this study will provide a comprehensive vision of the most appropriate policy options based on the criteria of acceptability, effectiveness, and feasibility for addressing PA at the local and national levels. Considerations on the challenges of PA policymaking cycle and the barriers to the implementation of current policies in the Iranian context will also be identified.
Factors Affecting Tendency and Adherence to Traditional Persian Medicine: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sabbagh-Bani-Azad Mansoureh , Rahimi Roja , Kebriaeezadeh Abbas , Zolfagharzadeh Mohammad Mahdi , Abdollahiasl Akbar
Published: September 2021

Background: Adherence to medications is crucial for them to be effective. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is an ancient medical discipline originated from old Persia and is currently used along with modern medicine in Iran. Evaluating the factors affecting adherence to TPM can have far-reaching implications for policymakers to make informed decisions. Objectives: This qualitative study investigates the factors affecting tendency and adherence to TPM among Iranians. Methods: We collected data from stakeholders in TPM using a focus group involving 13 participants and by conducting four in-depth interviews. The saturation point was reached at the 4th interview. We recorded all the interviews and then transcribed them verbatim for thematic content analysis. Results: We obtained 297 codes and 29 sub-themes for the factors affecting adherence to TPM, including the factors affecting compliance and tendency. Then we extracted the main themes. People’s beliefs, the inherent characteristics of traditional medicine and its status quo, attempts to bring about positive changes to TPM, and the problems facing the modern health system were the main factors affecting adherence to TPM. Conclusions: Despite many strenuous efforts in Iran to study TPM along with the lines of evidence-based medicine, policymaking, financing, patients’ and healthcare providers’ education, popular beliefs, and administrative transparency are needed to be addressed more adequately to promote adherence to TPM and help build integrative medicine in Iran’s healthcare system.
Correlation of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Residual Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahardjo Harrina Erlianti , Gemilang Bayu
Published: September 2021

Context: Intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is a potential candidate for the initial evaluation of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Intravesical prostatic protrusion is also known to predict the outcome of trials without a catheter and medical treatment outcomes and to determine bladder outlet obstructions. Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether IPP influences the residual LUTS after surgery in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia who have undergone prostate surgery. Evidence Acquisition: An online database search was conducted regarding the prognosis of postoperative benign prostate hyperplasia patients with intravesical prostatic protrusions. The selected databases comprised PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trial, cohort, or case control studies that were written in English or Bahasa and published up until November 2020 were included. We reviewed postoperative outcomes, including subjective symptoms, based on the International Prostate Symptom Score and objective signs, such as Qmax and post voiding residue. Results: Our initial database search yielded 143 papers. After exclusion from abstract screening, seven papers were considered for full-text analysis. Five of these studies showed higher preoperative intravesical prostatic protrusion within successful postoperative outcomes. Some studies showed that patients with significant intravesical prostatic protrusions had more significant International Prostate Symptom Score decrements. However, two studies demonstrated that intravesical prostatic protrusion was not a significant prognostic factor. Conclusions: Most studies suggested that intravesical prostatic protrusion can predict better post-surgery lower urinary tract symptom outcomes. Further research using information about the risk of bias in ultrasound examination and more homogeneous surgical techniques and considering the duration of patients’ illness before they receive surgical management is needed.
The Relationship of Social Adjustment and Resilience with Attitudes Towards Drugs in High School Boy and Girl Students
Authors: Hezarian Safiollah , Bakhtiarpour Saeed , Pasha Reza , Asgari Parviz , Hafezi Fariba
Published: September 2021

Background: Drug abuse and its destructive consequences are among challenging issues concerning students’ health. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of social adjustment and resilience with attitude towards drugs in boy and girl students of Lali City. Methods: The study was a descriptive correlational study performed by path analysis. The study population included 1500 boy and girl high school students of Lali City in the academic year of 2017 - 2018, among whom 133 boys and 142 girls were selected through multistage stratified sampling and using Cochran’s formula. Research instruments included Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (BAI) for Students, the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC), and the Drug Attitude scale (DAS). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results revealed a significant negative relationship between social adjustment and girl students’ attitudes towards drugs (P < 0.001); however, there was no significant relationship between social adjustment and attitudes towards drugs in boy students. Meanwhile, there was no direct and significant relationship between resilience and attitudes towards drugs in boy and girl students. On the other hand, a significant positive relationship was observed between resilience and social adjustment in boys (P < 0.01) and girls (P < 0.05). The indirect impact of resilience on the students’ attitudes towards drugs, mediated by social adjustment, was not significant. Conclusions: Resilience reduces stress, and as a result, students with more resilience seem to have better coping skills, higher social adjustment, and negative attitudes towards drugs.
Enhancement of Serum Myonectin Levels by Progressive Resistance Training in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet and Sucrose Solution
Authors: Safarzade Alireza , Safarpour Hadi
Published: September 2021

Background: Myonectin (CTRP15) is a newly discovered myokine with important metabolic functions. It was shown that circulating myonectin levels decreased in obesity. Objectives: The present study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) on serum myonectin levels in rats following a high-fat diet plus sucrose solution. Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet plus sucrose (HFDS) and standard diet (SD) groups. After 12 weeks, each group was divided into sedentary and training groups. The animals in training groups were subjected to a PRT program (3 days/week, for 8 weeks). Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and gastrocnemius muscle weights, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weights, serum glucose, insulin, myonectin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in this study. Results: The results of the study revealed that HFDS increased weight gain, fat weight, serum glucose, and HOMA-IR levels and decreased muscle weights and serum myonectin levels. Eight weeks of PRT increased serum myonectin levels and FHL and gastrocnemius muscle weights and decreased retroperitoneal fat weight. Conclusions: The results suggest that PRT may be an efficient intervention to enhance serum myonectin levels, which is associated with the improvement of body composition.