bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase Active Substances in Catharanthus Roseus L. G. Don with Water Tension and Foliar Application of Proline
Authors: Khudair A. F. , Al-Naseri O. A. O.
Published: May 2021

The experiment was conducted at Lath house / Department of Horticulture and Landscape at the College of Agriculture / Tikrit University for the period from 17/3/2020 until 2/9/2020 on Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don plant variety Pacifica X P Mix. The experiment was carried out using two factors under with Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) in split plot, arranged into two factors which were put into the main plots involved applying water tension to the plant in three levels of field capacity (100%, 75% and 50%). The second factor which was placed in the sub plots, was sprayed on the shoots until completed wetness with four concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 300)mg.L−1. The results showed the superiority of (75%) field capacity and significant difference was recorded on most of the studied traits, where the leaf content characteristic of Vinblastine was recorded (114.750) mcg.−1. The root content characteristic of Vinblastine alkaloid was recorded (27.56) mcg.−1, and the root content characteristic of Vincristine (22.88) ) mcg.1 1was recorded, compared with the two water stress treatments (100% and 50%) Field capacity. Whereas, level of (100%) field capacity, outperformed the leaf content of Vincristine, which recorded (86.15) mcg.−1, which did not significantly -differentiate with the water tension treatment A2 at a level (75%) field capacity, which recorded (84.69) mcg.−1. As for the treatment of spraying with (Proline), the results showed that the treatment of B4 was superior to a concentration of 300 mg.L−1 in all studied traits (Vinblastine and Vincristine leaf and root content) compared with all concentrations.
Role of Green Spaces and Their Impact on Climate Design and Ecosystem Efficiency
Authors: Jumaah M. S. , Abdulrazzaq Z. M. , Abdul_Majeed A. H.
Published: May 2021

Anbar Governorate suffers from clear negligence in achieving a balance between the natural and constructed components and their impact on the local climate, especially in terms of providing green spaces, the components of the natural environment are affected the climate, which is characterized by its harshness in the hot dry region, which requires developing solutions for its climatic design and achieving the efficiency of its ecosystem, as well as providing green spaces commensurate with the nature of the city and its population, and from here the research problem identify the role of green spaces in climate design and achieve efficiency High for the ecosystem. The research reached many proposed solutions through which it is possible to overcome the difficulties and challenges facing green spaces within the cities of Anbar Governorate, including preserving and protecting green spaces, raising their efficiency and increasing their area, as well as converting unused lands into green spaces, as well as reaching many Among the recommendations that would highlight the role and importance of green spaces in achieving the environmental and aesthetic balance of Anbar Governorate cities.
Effect of Mulching Type on Growth and Yield of Two Cauliflower Varieties (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Botrytis)
Authors: Tawfeeq A. M. , Abdulrhman H. B.
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted in the research station of the Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University; to study the effect of mulch type on the growth and yield of two varieties of cauliflower during the 2017 – 2018 season. The experiment was carried out according to the split -plot layout within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and three replicates. Mulch types; black and yellow polyethylene in addition to the control treatment (non-mulch) were in the main plots, and varieties of cauliflower (Fuji Yama and White Cloud) were placed in sub-plots. Means were compared using Duncan multiple range test at 5% probability level. Results showed that there were no significant differences between mulching types in plant height, curd weight, curd length, and shoot weight. Meanwhile, there were significant increases in the number of leaves, leaf length, stem weight, compared with control. Curd diameter and chlorophyll contents increased significantly under black polyethylene mulching compared with both yellow mulching and control. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two varieties in all studied vegetative and yield parameters except leaf length which showed a significant increase with White Cloud variety (31.778 cm) compared with Fuji Yama (29.926 cm). The interaction between black mulching and White Cloud variety was significantly superior in the number of leaves (18.333 leaf.plant-1), plant height (8.083 cm), leaf length (34.556 cm), and chlorophyll contents (45.567 SPAD). The interaction between black mulching and Fuji Yama variety gave a significant increase in curd diameter (17.500 cm). Meanwhile, the treatments did not show any significant change in other characteristics of plants.
Effect of Shading and Spraying with Chitosan on the Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Polianthes Tuberosa L.
Authors: Alsanam M. A. , Salih Z. K.
Published: May 2021

The experiment was conducted in Horticultural Facilities Unit of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. Iraq for the period from 3/15/2020 to 1/15/2021. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment included two factors: first shading with two levels without shading (open field) and lath house (net 33%). second spraying with chitosan in three concentrations 0, 500, 1000 mg. L−1. Results showed that shading treatments exceeded in length and width leaves gave 52.08 cm and 17.8 mm. open field gave highest Diameter of the basal florets 34.32 mm, foliar with chitosan 1000 mg.l−1gave highest leaves number 19.12 . Length and diameter of syphilitic Peduncle recorder in interaction between lath house and foliar chitosan 1000 mg.L−1was 109.02 cm and 9.21mm respectively.
‘Effect of Biofertilizer and Humic Acid on Growth and Flowering of Solidago spp
Authors: Salih Z. K. , Ali H. M.
Published: May 2021

A pot experiment was carried out in lath house of Horticulture and Landscape Dep / College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from February to December 2020. The experiment included two factors, Humic Acid add (control) and the addition at a concentration of 3 g. L−1, Biofertilizers without addition, Glomus mosseae at rate 50 gm.pot−1 and Bacillus sabtilus . results showed the superiority of the treatment of Mycorrhizae in most of the studied traits, and it gave a plant height 111.52 cm and the number of spores 258.74 .10gm-1. The addition of was superior and gave 5.84 inflorence stems and 13.95 day vase life. interaction treatment between Mycorrhiza and Humic interaction treatment gave the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium where 2.08%, 0.323% and 1.70%, respectively.
Response of Some Maize Hybrids to Foliar Spraying Treatments 2- Yield and Components
Authors: Al-Dulaimi O. I. , Al-Ani M. H. , Al-Rawi O. H. , Al-Rawi A. R. , Seadh S. E.
Published: May 2021

To study the response of yield and its components and grains quality of some maize genotypes to foliar spraying, two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture,, Egypt, during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Each experiment was carried out in a strip-plot design with four replications. The vertical-plots were assigned with maize genotypes i.e. Three Way Cross 324, Single Cross 128, and Single Cross 131. The horizontal-plots were occupied with foliar spraying treatments i.e. without, foliar spraying with; commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder, amino acids, yeast extract, and the mixture Fert-plus powder + amino acids + yeast extract. The results showed that genotype 131 surpassed other studied genotype and recorded 100-grain weight, grain yield/ha, and total carbohydrates percentage in grains in both seasons. genotype 128 registered the tallest plants and the highest values of stover yield/ha and crude protein and oil percentages in grains in both seasons. Foliar spraying maize plants three times with the mixture treatment produced the highest values of growth, yields and its attributes and grains quality characters followed by, yeast extract then commercial fertilizer Fert-plus powder as a source of NPK and amino acids in both seasons. It can be concluded that foliar fertilizing maize genotype 131 or 128 with the mixture Fert-plus powder at the rate of 4 g/liter + amino acids at the rate of 2.5 ml/liter + yeast extract at the rate of 100 ml/liter water in each spraying in order to maximize productivity and grains quality under the environmental conditions of the research area.
Effect of Spraying with Alcoholic Plant Extracts of Water Hyacinth (Eichhorinia crassipes) and Silverleaf (Solanum elaeagnifolium) on Growth and Yield of Corn, Zea myas L.
Authors: Houry W. K. , Alqissy A.M. , Almehemdi A. F.
Published: May 2021

A Field experiment was carried out at private field, Jazirah district, Al-Budhiyab, which is located at latitude 38.28° North and longitude 43.19° East, to study effect of different concentrations of water hyacinth and silverleaf extracts on three cultivars of corn. The experiment was applied using split-split plot arrangement within RCBD with three replicates. Main-plots were represented by the cultivars Sumer, Fajr and Maha, and sub-plots, were the spray concentrations included 0,5,15 and25 mg L−1. The results showed that the cultivar Fajr was superior in plant height, leaf area, number of rows per ear, and number of grains per row in the spring season, with averages of 253.63 cm, 4978 cm2, 18.58 rows ear−1, 45.54 grain per row−1. While the Maha cultivar outperformed all the traits except for the number of grains in a row in the fall season with averages of 269.00 cm, 4841 cm2, 16.12 row ear−1diameter of stem 24.77 mm and 19.15 mm (in the two seasons) and the yield of 4.21 ton ha−1. In the spring season. And the weight of combined weeds decreased by 0.014 mg plant−1in the fall season. While the Sumer cultivar reduced the weight of combined weeds by 0.050 mg plant−1in the spring season and increased the number of grains in the row by 38.75 grain per row−1in the fall season and the weight of 500 grains was 106.80 and 87.65 g in the two seasons respectively, and the result was 2.83 ton ha−1(in the spring season). The concentration exceeded 25 mg L−1in plant height 267.70 cm and the concentration decreased by 15 mg L−1dry weeds weight in the two seasons 0.072 and 0.023 mg plant−1respectively, and the same concentration increased the number of rows of ear in the spring season 18.11 row ear−1and the number of grains 44.89 grain row−1. The concentration of 5 mg L−1increased the weight of 500 grains in the spring season by 109.41 g. it could be concluded that 15 mg L−1was the best to improve growth and yield properties ofZea mays.
Effect of Activating of Salicylic Acid and Foliar Application with Humic Acid on Some Growth and Yield Characteristics of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Nayyef A. G. , Hammadi H. J.
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was carried out in the Al-Jazeera region of Ramadi city, Anbar Governorate, at autumn season of 2020 in sandy soil to study the effect of stimulating sunflower seeds with four levels of salicylic acid (0, 125, 250 and 375 mL−1) and spraying with humic acid( 0, 250 and 500 mL−1) Where the results showed that the concentration of 375 mL−1 of salicylic acid recorded the highest average of the characteristics, the number of seeds per disc and the weight of 1000 grains, and the seed yield was (2034.9 seeds, 80.81 g and 164.97 g. plant−1) respectively. While the second treatment of spraying with humic acid recorded the highest mean for the characteristics, the number of seeds per disc and the weight of 1000 g, and the seed yield was the highest average (1752.3 seed. disc, 68.43 g and 124.16 g. plant−1).
Interaction Effect of Different Concentrations of Nano-Fertilizer (NPK) and Sources of Charcoal on Growth and Yield Parameters of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Bahar J. M. , Rabar F. S. , Solin I. H. , Chra A. F.
Published: May 2021

The application of charcoal to agricultural soils is mostly used to improve soil fertility and crop products around the world, but as a scientific researching could be quite neoteric in our region, Kurdistan. Alongside of different sources of charcoal as first factor, nanotechnology was also used as second factor in this research to improve growth and yield parameters of Vicia faba L. The results revealed to the single effect of each of charcoal and Nano-NPK fertilizers and its interaction on studied parameters. Plant height in the control treatment recorded 63.00cm which was dramatically increased to (72.56, 72.64, 75.48cm), respectively in the soil treated with (Local, China and Straw Charcoals), respectively. Additionally, number of pods per plant, pod length and fresh yield per plant were (30.92, 17.59cm, 141.84g) for control treatment, which were increased significantly to (37.81, 18.71cm, 246.34g), for treatments straw charcoal or ash added to the soil, Nano-NPK fertilizers at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 respectively. Significantly affected on growth and yield parameters. The number of pods, pod length and fresh yield were (23.75, 16.35cm, 83.13g), respectively in the control treatment (C0N0), while in the interaction treatment between charcoal C3 (Straw Charcoals) and Nano NPK N2 (200 mg L−1) caused significant increase in their values to (47.75, 19.07cm, 261.67g).
Effect of Brassinolide Levels on Some Growth of Sunflower Hellanthus annuus L.
Authors: Hamed M. A. , Abdullah B. H.
Published: May 2021

Field experiment was carried out at Research Station, College of Agriculture, Anbar University, during 2019 spring season to study the effect of four level of brassinolide (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg L-1) on some Morphological characters of three sunflower varieties (Ishaqi 1, Akmar and Sakha) The results of the statistical analysis showed the significant effect of the cultivars and brassinolide concentrations on the studied characters. The sprayed plants with 1.5 mg L−1 of brassinolide recorded the highest values of plant height (197.5 cm), leaf area (6179 cm2. plant1), mean of dry weight (171.5 g plant1), Crop Growth Rate (17.709 gm. m −2. days −1) and Net Assimilation Rate (1.47 gm−2. day −1). Whereas the cultivars differed significantly in all the studied traits, as Sakha variety recorded the highest values for plant height, leaf area, mean of the dry weight to plant, Crop Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate, (182.2 cm, 7738 cm2.plant−1, 212.6 g. plant1, and 13.317 gm .m−2. days 1, and 1.96 gm−2.day1) respectively.
Allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor L. Root Exudates on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Wheat and Some Grassy Weeds
Authors: Naby Krmanj Y. , Ali Kawa A.
Published: May 2021

Sorghum bicolor produces root exudate contain allelochemical compound known as sorgoleon. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at Grdarasha farm/Agricultural Engineering Sciences College/Salahaddin University- Erbil to evaluate the allelopathic effects of root exudates of Sorghum bicolor on some growth parameters and chlorophyll content of Triticum aestivum L., Triticum durum Desf., Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch., Avena fatua L. and Phalaris minor Retz. in a modified stair step tool to eliminate any competition interaction between the donor and receiver plants by factorial completely randomized design (Factorial C.R.D) with three replicates. The results indicated that Phalaris minor Desf. was the most sensitive species among all test plants for instance its total length and dry weight were (41.68 cm, 294.87 mg), also its chlorophyll content recorded minimum value were (31.65, 36.85, 36.08, 37.68) for all time intervals, comparing to the chlorophyll content of other plant species. Furthermore, all recorded parameters of other plant species were affected significantly by root exudate of Sorghum bicolor. Finally, root exudates of Sorghum bicolor L. may act as a bioherbicide to control grassy weeds in wheat fields.
Molecular Characterization and Allelopathic Potential of Radish Species on Wheat and Weed Species
Authors: Rasul Saman A. , Ali Kawa A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted at Salahaddin University/ College of Agricultural Engineering Science, to inspect the allelopathic effects of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) on two wheat species and two endemic weed species. The study included two experiments, first one was bioassay experiment to estimate the aqueous extracts effect of three radish species (red, black and white) at five concentration levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) on germination and seedling growth of bread wheat (Triticum aesitivum Var. Adana), hard wheat (Triticum durum Def. Var. Smito) and two endemic weed species wild oat (Avena fatua) and wild barely (Hordeum spontaneum). Results indicated that aqueous extracts of black radish possess more allelopathic potential compare to red and white radish, also, aqueous extracts significantly affected on all studied plant species at dissimilar ratio, while most effective concentration was (40%). Whereas the germination of all plant species totally inhibited at this concentration. The second experiment aimed to indicate the genetic relatedness (genetic diversity) among radish species by using Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. The results indicate that the genetic distance among the three studied radish species ranged from 17.33 to 37.6. The lowest genetic distance was recorded between black and red that was 17.33 and the highest genetic distance recorded between black, red with white was 37.6 and white radish with each of black and red radish were 65.067. the results suggested that radish species have different allelopathic potential and genetic variance exist among them.
Effect of Addition of Lactobacillus reuteri, Inulin and Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Powder in Diets of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization
Authors: Abedalhammed H. S. , Yassen A. A. , Khashan B. A. , Qasim M. A. , Al-Azzami A. A. S.
Published: May 2021

The experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of addition Lactobacillus reuteri with different levels of both inulin, and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) powder in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerling diet, on growth performance and feed utilization: Weight gain (W.G), Daily weight gain (D.W.G), Relative growth rate (R.G.R), Specific growth rate (S.G.R), Feed conversion rate (F.C.R), Feed efficiency rate (F.E.R), and Protein efficiency rate (P.E.R). 60 fish were elected randomly distributed to five treatments, with three replications and 4 fish in each aquarium, per treatment, at a period of 07 days. Fish were fed at 3% of the weight of the biomass, feed prepared by protein ratio 28.95%, the control treatment without additives, 108 cfu/ml (colony formation unit )\ml were added to the meal provided for the first treatment, adding 2% inulin from the provided meal with 108 cfu/ml bacteria for the second treatment, for the third treatment, the meal containing Jerusalem artichoke powder was provided at 1% from the provided meal with 108 bacteria and the fourth treatment is by 2% Jerusalem artichoke powder from the provided meal, with 108 cfu/ml bacteria. These additions were provided with the nutrition program for research on Mondays and Thursdays of each week, with meals continuing to be given without additions for the rest of the days. The fourth treatment significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded for all growth parameters criteria, It did not differ significantly (P≤0.05) from the third treatment for weight gain criteria over all treatments, the feed utilization criteria, fourth treatment showed significantly (P≤0.05) exceeded over all treatments for all characteristics, it did not differ significantly (P≤0.05) from the third treatment for feed conversion rate and feed efficiency rate criteria.
The effect of the electric shock on embryonic development and neurophysiological traits in the chick’s embryo
Authors: Abdulateef S. M. , Atalla O. K. , Al-Ani M. Q. , Mohammed TH. T. , Abdulateef F. M. , Abdualmajeed O. M. , Mahmod K.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of stimulating the embryo during the dormancy in the incubation period. 450 eggs (Ross 308) were allocated in four treatments each three replicates. The treatments were as follow: T1 control (without shock), T2 Shocked (40) Millivolts (mV), T3 Shocked (50) (mV), T4 Shocked (75) (mV). A different voltage device was used to shock the egg, after marking the eggs with a line of iron filings to ensure electrical conductivity, eggs were shocked at different times three times a day. The results show a significant increase (p<0.01) in embryonic development for embryo weight, chick body weight, Hatchability, and embryo Index (EI) for T2, T3, and especially T4. A significant increase (p<0.01) in neurophysiological traits of neurons, brain weight, and Brain Index (BI) for T2, T3, and especially T4. In concluding the use of electric shock in the embryonic period will developing of the embryo and neurophysiological traits.
Manufacturing edible bio-films (EBF) from chicken feather keratin and study their effect on antioxidant status of cold storage broiler yields
Authors: Alazzami A. A. , Al-Dhanki Z. T. M.
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate using 2.5 and 5 g of purified feather keratin protein (PFKP) in edible bio-films (EBF) as package material to broiler yields with different cold storage condition periods (0, 7 and 14 days) at 4° C on the meat antioxidant status of these yields. 3×3 factorial treatments; un package, 2.5 and 5 g PFKP, as a first main factor, by 3 cold storage condition periods (0, 7 and 14 days) as a second main factor, with their interactions on meat antioxidant status (TBA test, Peroxide values, (PV) and free fatty acids concentration, (FFA) of broiler yields (breast, thigh and drumsticks). The results of this experiment revealed that increasing cold storage period to 14 days will significantly increase MDA concentration (TBA test), FFA concentrations and PV in all yields, whereas, packaging these yields with EBFs by two of PFKP will significantly decrease MDA, FFA concentrations and PV in all yields. The interactions between packaging and storage had the same effect, since, un package yields and stored for 14 days had the significant increase in MDA, FFA and PV values in comparison with packaging yields and stored for 14 days, in spite of, packaging yields store and without store in cold had no significant differences, and this revealed the ability of using packaging to extend shelf life of broiler yields without an effect on oxidant status of broiler yield meats store for 7 days.
Effect of Tryptophan injection on the semen quality in Iraqi Shami buck
Authors: Ahmad A. Sh. , Al-Rawi F. T. , Abdul-Rahaman Y. T. , Mohammed TH. T. , Mahmud K.I.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tryptophan injection on semen quality of Shami buck. Animals were divided randomly into four equal groups (3 for each group). Tryptophan was injected in the muscle and semen collected twice weekly by Artificial vagina. The first group (T1) left without treated as control group, the second group (T2) was injection Tryptophan 0.1 g, the third group (T3) was injection Tryptophan 0.125 g and the fourth group (T4) was injection Tryptophan 0.150 g. Semen was collected from twelve Shami buck, 2 ejaculates each, by an Artificial vagina. Semen were evaluated after collected for Volume (ml), Mass and Individual motility (%), sperm concentrations ×109, Live and dead sperm (%) and Sperm abnormality (%). Blood samples were collected via vacationer tubes (5 ml) from jugular vein to analyzed of testosterone hormone. Results showed that tryptophan injection of semen ejaculation was significantly (P<0.05) in T4 and T3. The percentage of Mass activity, Individual motility, live sperm and sperm concentration were significantly increased in the T4, T3 and T2 significantly (P<0.05). The percentage of dead sperm and sperm abnormality were significantly increased (P<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2. The testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the T4 (P<0.05). In conclusion, 0.150 g improved tryptophan injection and testosterone level in Shami buck.
Fungal Contaminant of Poultry Feed in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Alkhursan R. N. , Khudor M. H. , Abbas B. A.
Published: May 2021

A total of 180 samples of concentrated poultry feed were collected from different broilers, broiler breeders, layers farms and local market of poultry in Basrah province. Feed samples were collected during the period from Sep. 2014 to Apr. 2015. About 10 - 30 representative samples of 1 kg were collected from several locations. They were cultured on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) and then sub cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Seven genera were recovered from 180 samples of poultry feed .The most genera which recovered were Aspergillus spp. frequency (Fr) 62.77% - Relative density (RD) 52.03%), followed by Penicillium spp. (Fr 47.77% - RD 17.01%) and they were the predominant genera isolated from poultry feed. Fusarium spp. isolates were less frequency and relative density (Fr.1.66%, RD 2.11%). The most frequently isolated Aspergillus spp. was Aspergillys flavus ( Fr 65.48%) and had the most RD (27.55%), followed by Aspergillus niger (Fr. 58.40%, RD14.23%), the less occurrence of Aspergillus spp. was Aspergillus paraciticus (Fr.1.76%, RD0.89%).
Effect of the diallel cross line and generation on some productive traits in two lines of quail bird (brown and gold)
Authors: Al-Kaisi H. R. M. , Al-Tikriti S. S. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the diallel cross between the two lines on some productive traits, depending on plumage color, to get a genetic combination that is distinguished in productive performance and superior in its performance on pure lines, to demonstrate 79 chicks of quail with brown plumage and 72 chicks of golden plumage color one-day old, mating resulting from two lines of quail, were used in the study. 10 males from the golden plumage colour line and 10 females from the brown plumage colour line to perform crosses as for reciprocal crosses 10 males from the brown plumage colour line and 10 females from the golden plumage colour line. These birds selected and raised in rooms with dimensions of 40 x 40 x 40 cm were numbered and distributed Randomly placed to rooms in the form of families and each one by (1: 1), the productive traits of the parents and the first generation were measured. The experiment was designed according to the design of the Factorial Experiment Design to study the effect of the diallel cross, generation and the overlap between them.The results of the study showed the superiority of crosses over reciprocal crosses regardless of the effect of the generation on the average body weight trait at sexual maturity, and the first generation also outperformed the parents regardless of the effect of the mutilation of the same trait, while no significant differences were found between crosses and reciprocal crosses as well between parents. and the first generation in the trait of the average age at sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg, the average number of eggs, the weight of the eggs, and the mass of eggs during 56 days of production. Sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg, the average number of eggs, egg weight, and egg mass during 56 days of production. The results also indicated that the first generation of reciprocal crosses achieved the highest heterosis in the trait of average body weight at sexual maturity and the average weight of the first egg while crosses and reciprocal crosses parents achieved the highest heterosis in the trait of average egg number, average egg weight and average egg mass, as for the trait of average age at sexual maturity the crosses and reciprocal crosses parents of and achieved the highest negative heterosis for early life at sexual maturity.
Effect of adding different level of Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) powder to diet on productive performance and some physiological traits for female Quail
Authors: Hamody S. J. , Bandr L. K. , Qassim A.A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted at the Poultry Research Station, Animal Resources Research Department at the Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture - Baghdad Abu Ghraib. To find the effect of adding different proportions of Bay Laurus powder on productive performance and some physiological characteristics of birds during the production stage as Eight Hundreds Female birds of quail were used at the age of 45 days, randomly deployed to 4 treatments with two replicates (100 birds / replicate ) each, and the bay laurel powder was added in the proportions 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% to the diets and for a period of 60 days divided into 4 periods of 15-day .The results indicated significant improvement in the productive performance of birds during different feeding periods. An improvement in egg production was evident on the base of H.D% for T2 and T4 treatments during the second, third and fourth periods of breeding. Also, the improvement was evident in the egg mass for T1 (control treatment) in the second and third periods and T3 during the fourth period. The T4 treatment continued its significant improvement during the second, third and fourth periods, the feed consumption decreased for all addition treatments in the fourth period and the food conversion ratio and the cumulative eggs number (egg, bird, period) where improved for the T4 treatment throughout the four trial periods. The level of total protein and globulin increased significantly in the fourth treatment, and the level of globulin for the second and fourth treatments increased compared to the rest of the treatments. We conclude from this study the possibility of adding 0.5-1.5 % feed of Bay laurel powder to the diet to obtain a positive improvement on the productive and physiological performance for female Quail bird.
Estimating of some specific traits of Japanese quail eggs for different levels of blood hemoglobin
Authors: Al-Tikriti S. S. A.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in the field of Japanese quail of the Department of Animal Production at the college of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from 2/10/2019 to 7/1/2020, the experiment of electing the hemoglobin level in the blood was conducted, as blood samples were drawn from birds at the age of 14 days and after that they were divided into three groups: Control group with range hemoglobin level (11.33 - 11.67) g / 100ml blood, second group with a high hemoglobin level (above 11.67) g / 100ml blood, and a third group with a low hemoglobin level (less than 11.33) g / 100ml blood, each group divided in to 4 subgroup, and each subgroup contain 12 birds, the sex ratio 3: 1 was adopted as one male for three females.The aim of the study was to estimate some of the genetic parameters of egg quality traits in quail, depending on the level of blood hemoglobin at early ages and its effect on productive characteristics. The results showed that there were no significant differences for the characteristic value of the egg shape, the yolk index, the egg albumin index, the Haugh unit, the yolk relative weight rate, and the albumin relative weight of the elected groups for the hemoglobin level in the high, control, and low blood levels. Whereas, there were significant differences (p≤0.05) in shell thickness with membranes as the group of high hemoglobin level over the control group and group of low hemoglobin level. The results also indicate the presence of significant differences (p≤0.05) for the ratio of the relative weight of shell with the membranes among groups selected for high level of hemoglobin level in the blood, control and low hemoglobin level in the blood, as the low treatment outperformed the level of hemoglobin recorded high measurement compared with control.
Isolation and Identification of Alkaline Protease Producing Aspergills niger from Iraqi Soils
Authors: Sedrah Z. T. , Alshamary E. I. , Nassri S. Kh.
Published: May 2021

Twenty purified isolates were obtained by using different soil sources, only twelve isolates belonging to Aspergillus genera depending on cultural and morphological characterization. The isolates were used as alkaline protease producer. The highest proteolytic, enzymatic activity (95.83U/ml) was obtained from Aspergillus sp. ZE isolate. This isolate was identified by 5.8 rRNA gene sequencing as Aspergills niger (accuracy of 99%), which was matched with the sequence of Aspergills niger strain GM775228 recorded in Gene bank under the ID: GM 775228.1.
The Effect of Fenugreek Gum on The Rheological and Qualitative Properties of Pan Bread
Authors: Al-Shammari B. B. , Al-Ali R. M. , Al-Sahi A. A.
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of adding levels of Fenugreek seeds gum 0.5-2% on the qualitative and rheological properties of wheat flour (70% extraction).The results of the chemical composition of wheat flour and flour contain fenugreek gum showed that there is an increase in moisture content, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate as the level of fenugreek gum replacement was increased. Ratios of wet gluten, dry gluten, gluten index and colour in wheat flour contain fenugreek gum was found to be significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the control. The rheological properties of flour prepared with an adding of fenugreek seeds gum were estimated. The adding of fenugreek gum caused changes in the rheological properties of dough, The adding of fenugreek gum to the dough led to increased water absorption and dough stability. However, the development time, degree of softening and farinoghraph quality number were decreased. The sensory evaluation of loaf for different treatments showed better acceptability for the blend flour in comparison with the control. However, it can be recommended that the panelists. preferred2% of Fenugreek seeds gum replacement.
Optimization of Phenolic Compound Production By Local Aspergillus Niger B1b Isolate
Authors: Ahmed N. Sh. , Al- Shamary E. I.
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to optimize the factors for the production of Phenolic Compound from Aspergillus Niger B1b was obtained from laboratories of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, was isolated from soil and genetic diagnosis .Phenolic compounds were produced from locally isolate under different conditions and extract from filtrate of it by ethyl acetate and identified using high performance liquid chromatography instrument (HPLC). Experiments proved that the optimum conditions for phenolic compounds production of Aspergills Niger isolate were, fructose and yeast extract as sources of carbon and nitrogen with concentrations 51 µg/ml.,72 µg/ml respectively. Optimum Temperatures 0, aeration was 200 rpm, inoculum size 710 spore/ml (80, 102.4, 104.3) µg/ml, respectively. while incubation period was 9 days and the pH with concentrations (125, 131.1) µg/ml, respectively.
Effect of Rhizome’s Extracts of (Alpinia officinarum) in Oxidation Characteristics of Chicken Meat Stored in Cold
Authors: Al-Azzami A.A. , Qasim M. A. , Yaseen A.A.
Published: May 2021

In the current report, we explored the impact of applying ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of rhizome (Alpinia officinarum) on the consistency and shelf life of chicken meat during refrigerated storage (10 days at 4 pm). The findings revealed that both forms of Alpinia rhizomes extracts played a clear function as antioxidants for chicken meat samples. These extracts contributed in a significant decrease (P <0.01). in the value of thiobarbuturic acid TBA, and this provides evidence of the role of the extract in maintaining the quality of chicken meat by reducing oxidation processes. The findings have showed that the incorporation of (Alpinia officinarum) extracts led to a slightly decreased (P 0.01) percentage of free fatty acids formed during the storage time. The findings demonstrated a positive function for the extracts in decreasing the risks of meat oxidation and spoilage by reducing the peroxide value during the cold storage time.
Extraction, Purification and Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum)
Authors: Hussien S. A. , Doosh K.
Published: May 2021

β-galactosidase enzyme EC (3.2.1.23), lactase, can be described as an enzyme of glycoside hydrolase which performs the catalyzing of β-galactosidas hydrolysis to monosaccharides by breaking glycosidic bond. The objective of this study was to extraction and purification β-galactosidase from tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum.), ten Different types of extraction were investigated to selection of the best extraction of the enzyme, The Na. phosphate buffer (0.1M and pH6) had given a highest Specific activity of crude enzyme has been 212.27 U/mg. protein. The purification procedures were performed with the use of the precipitation of ammonium sulfate, Ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. ammonium sulfate (70) % saturation has been the best method for precipitation and partially purification of enzyme with a purification fold 1.83 and enzymatic yield 88.31%. This followed by the use of ion exchange chromatography by DEAE sephadex A50 column, the purification times of the enzymatic extract were 2.36, with an enzymatic yield 25.48%. After the final purification step of gel filtration chromatography using SephadexG-100 column, the enzyme has been purified 3.92 fold with 16.33% of enzymatic yield. The optimum enzymatic activity was found at pH (6). The plant extracts tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum) were used to characterize the enzyme in the term of pH, temperature,. The enzyme activity measured by its ability to hydrolyze the substrate 2-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG). The enzyme activity was reached maximum at 45°C and at pH 5.5. The enzyme’s molecular weight has been estimated to 74 KDa by the gel filtration chromatography method, and 73 k D on SDS-PAGE.
Effect Using Wheat Triticum aestivum and Corn Zea mays in Broiler Diets and Sex on Specific Characteristics
Authors: Yousif S. I. , Al-Hamdani W. A. , Mousa B. H. , Al-Hamdani A. A. Y.
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted on poultry farm belong to Animal production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, from 5/2/2020 to 11/3/2020 (35 days). The aim of the study was to find out the effect of cereal type and sex on broiler performance. Four Hundred broiler chicks (males + females) strain (Ross 308) with the average initial body weight of 40 gm / chick used in this study. Chicks randomly assigned to two groups; each group subdivided into two replicates (100 chicks per replicate). Birds in Group 1 (100 males) + (100 females) fed with a diet based on wheat as cereal type, Birds in Group 2 (100 males) + (100 females) fed with a diet based on corn as cereal type. Chemical analysis of corn and wheat were calculated in cereal laboratory to belong to general company of cereals and feeds / Anbar Province, protein, fat, ash, fiber, nitrogen was analyzed. At the field experiment, feed and water provided. Chicks reared in a closed farm containing ground cages with an area 10
m2. Use a continuous lighting program 24 hours/day from the first day of the experiment to the end. The data of Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Intake (FI) recorded weekly, and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated.Birds in the group fed diets based on wheat as cereal type (males) showed highest values in body weight and body weight gain, the lowest feed intake, and better-feed conversion ratio during overall experimental periods as compared with other groups. On the other hand, bird’s in-group fed diets based on corn as cereal type (males + females) recorded lowest values in body weight, body weight gain and worst feed conversion ratio. From these results, we can conclude that broiler more efficient when diets based on wheat s cereal type more than corn, especially at an advance age.
Study the Effect of the Quality of Electronic Marketing and its Relationship to Purchasing an Individual
Authors: Ahmed M. A. , Sagid N. M.
Published: May 2021

This research deals with the role of shopping patterns in increasing customer loyalty. An application study and customer satisfaction in the service provided to him through electronic shopping and the aim of this research is to identify the dimensions of electronic service quality and confidence in selling via Internet sites, and the researcher used the method of descriptive analysis, which was based on a component sample From 50 items from Members of a community who are interested in electronic marketing and use simple regression to analyze the data, the study showed the indirect relationship between shopping patterns and customer loyalty. The study found a significant effect of shopping patterns and their dimensions. The study recommended identifying the shopping patterns of customers in order to provide products that suit their needs and desires. The study also recommended the necessity of working to raise the perceived value of the customer by providing products of appropriate quality, as well as raising the level of customer loyalty. In addition, 5 sites were chosen through social networking (Facebook), namely, the girl of Alakaber for clothes - the elegant veil - the cave complex - Handa costumes - Shark costumes to see the quality of the service provided.
Preliminary study on quantitative simulation of Danxia landform evolution under the action of tectonic uplift and running water erosion
Authors: Liu Fujun , Li Xinmin
Published: May 2021

To better understand the influence of lithology, climate and tectonic features on landform evolution of Danxiashan, the research simulate complex Earth systems with Channel-Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) which embodies quantitative hypotheses about those systems. The model verifies the correctness of the concept of developmental stages and divides it quantitatively. The infancy, accounting for the entire evolution of 3%, develops large tracts of Continuous surface; the youth period accounts for 4% in which emerge a large number of negative landforms; the adult period accounting for 52% has longest evolution and there are many vertical cliffs; the late period accounts for 34% when hilltop gradually rounds; the decline phase emerges a chain of undulating hills, accounting for 7%. In geomorphology, mathematical and numerical models provide a crucial link between stratum, climate and tectonics.
Numerical analysis on the reinforcement design of a granular strongly weathered rock slope based on in-situ direct shear test
Authors: Li Changchun , Lin Qida , Lu Weiping , Zhang Zhichao
Published: May 2021

It is difficult in the intact sampling of the granular strongly weathered rock of a slope by bench excavation, which will in turn influence the strength test results. In order to provide more accurate design parameters for the slope, its rock shear strength is analyzed by in-situ direct shear test, then the slope reinforced with different anchor frame beams are simulated by finite element method based on the strength parameters obtained from the in-situ direct shear test. The results show that the strength parameters of the granular strongly weathered rock are c=75.69 kPa and φ=35.23°. Reinforced with 1 ~ 4 layers of anchor frame beams, the maximum lateral displacement of the slope can be reduced by 30%, 47.6%, 53.5% and 53.5% compared with that of the unreinforced slope, respectively, which means that the deformation of the slope decreases with the increase of anchor frame beams. However, the fourth-layer anchor frame beam is not efficiency in the reinforcement. The maximum lateral displacement locates near the second excavation bench, which needs to be specially reinforced in the design.
Research on shock wave propagation characteristics of coal and gas outburst under different pulverized coal particle size conditions
Authors: Zhao Xusheng , Dai Linchao , Cao Jie , Yang Xuelin
Published: May 2021

In order to deeply explore the influence of pulverized coal particle size on coal and gas outbursts, using the self-developed outburst pulverized coal-gas two-phase flow simulation experiment system, the outburst disaster simulation experiment is carried out under the condition of 0.3 MPa carbon dioxide with particle diameters of 3~10 mm, 1~3 mm and 0.5~1 mm, and the characteristics of the wave shape, speed and attenuation law of the shock wave after the highlight are analyzed. The research results show that when the particle size of pulverized coal is 3~10 mm, 1~3 mm and 0.5~1 mm, the maximum shock wave velocity is 358 m/s, 347 m/s and 347 m/s, respectively. The particle size of pulverized coal has little effect on the propagation velocity of the outburst shock wave, but it tends to decrease as the particle size decreases. And the peak overpressure of the shock wave decreases with the decrease of the particle size of the coal. The average attenuation coefficient of the outburst shock wave increases with the decrease of the coal particle size.
Research and application of hydraulic fracturing borehole bag sealing technology
Authors: Zhou Dongping , Wang Xuanlin , Guo Chenye , Zhou Junjie , Wang Kai
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problems existing in the sealing of fracturing boreholes using the regular bag sealing device in the conventional ‘two sealing and one injection’ process, this paper investigated a practical and reliable ZBQ-30/1.0 modified pneumatic grouting pump for coal mines, optimized the ‘B’ sealing material which was applied for the sealing of fracturing boreholes designed the ‘three sealing and two injection’ hole sealing device which was applied for the sealing of hydraulic fracturing boreholes, and finally carried out in Songzao Coal Mine. The results showed that the strength of the optimized ‘B’ sealing material was 14.64~15.43MPa, which was much higher than that of the regular extraction expansion sealing material. In addition, the hydraulic fracturing could withstand more than 20MPa, and the sealability was also well. This research implied the fixed-point sealing of hydraulic fracturing drilling can be carried out to save the sealing cost.
Study on the influence of angle of bedding plane on stability of roadway surrounding rock in layered mass
Authors: Xu Ziwen
Published: May 2021

In view of the large deformation in the roadway of layered surrounding rock, with W22602 return air roadway of Datong No.1 Mine as the engineering background, using the finite-difference software FLAC3D, we explored the influence of the angle of the bedding plane under the prestressed bolt support on the plastic zone and the stress and strain distribution law of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and analyzed the deformation and failure characteristics of the bedding plane under the action of the bolt. The results show that: with the increase of the inclination of the bedding plane, the horizontal and vertical deformation of the bedding plane first increase and then decrease, showing a “Λ”-shaped change characteristic; in horizontal layered surrounding rock, as the prestress of bolt support increases, the strength of the weak rock layer gradually increases, and the surface displacement of the bedding plane gradually decreases; the plastic zone of the surrounding rock with different dip angles has a significant “angle effect”, and the angle between the bolt and the bedding surface has a significant difference in the control effect of the bedding plane; based on the simulation results when the inclination angle is 15°, field practice is carried out. And it shows that the optimization scheme can improve the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway more economically and effectively.