bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Biodiversity Conservation and the Traditional Beliefs of the Native People in Dalai Lake Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Wu Wei , Fan De Lin
Published: July 2011

With the development of the economy, the positive influences of traditional beliefs on the biodiversity conservation have been ignoring and the traditional beliefs have been meeting the serious challenges since 80’s of the last century. At the same time, the biodiversity, dependent on the traditional beliefs, have been declining dramatically. From 2008 to 2009, we adopted the main research methods such as semi-structured interviews and structured interviews, collection and analysis of historical and literature, and picture recording in Dalai Lake Biosphere Reserve to carry out the research on the relationship between the biodiversity conservation and the traditional beliefs of the native people in Dalai Lake Biosphere Reserve. The results revealed that the traditional beliefs, the traditional practices and the traditional ecological knowledge have the positive influences on biodiversity conservation.
The Comparison on Morphology and Histology of the Carassius auratus, Pelophylax nigromaculata and Oryctolagus cuniculus Lens
Authors: She Qiu Sheng , Xie Zhao Hui , Zhang Xiu Jie , Yang Guan Jun , Shan Lin Na
Published: July 2011

Using light microscopy to observe the Carassius auratus, Pelophylax nigromaculata and Oryctolagus cuniculus lens on morphology and histology, measuring the thickness of each layer, layers and density of epithelial cell and the diameter of nucleus, et al. Results show that: Carassius auratus, Pelophylax nigromaculata and Oryctolagus cuniculus are siginificantly different in lens organizational structure, its visual ability shows a gradual and improving trend, it shows that the three animals have consistency on structure and function of lens with Behavioral characteristics.
Study on Reducing ASR Expansion in Concrete Prepared with Iron Ore Tailings Sand
Authors: Bai Rui Ying , Cai Ji Wei , Feng Xiao Xin
Published: July 2011

Iron ore tailings, wastes of mining industry, have been widely used as manufactured sand in concrete with absence of the natural sand. In present paper, the ASR reactivity of iron ore tailings sand was assessed with rapid mortar bar method (GB/T 14684-2001). Result of a preliminary study on ASR resistance was reported. The replacement of cement by 30% Fly ash (FA), 50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), 10% metakaolin (MK) and replacement of sand by 15% ground iron ore tailings (GIOT) led to the ASR-expansion to below 0.10%. Compared with replacement of cement, replacement of sand led to better performance. Further more, the fine particles less than 75μm in iron ore tailings sand are beneficial to the reduction of expansion induced by ASR.
Surface Photovoltage: an Efficient Tool of Evaluation of Photocatalytical Activity of Materials
Authors: Wang Bao Hui , Wan Zhi Qiang , Wu Hong Jun , Liu Shu Zhi , Chen Ying , Sui Xin , Yuan Dan Dan
Published: July 2011

On the principle of surface photovoltage (SPV) and photocatalysis, an approach was proposed and developed to evaluate a photocatalytical activity of catalysts from SPV intensity measurements. By using a model case of TiO2 catalysts, the method was experimentally studied for determination and prediction of the activity by intensity of SPV responses as a parameter. It was found that the photocatalytical activity correlates well with the SPV value of catalysts. The SPV intensity as measuring parameter, with characteristics of quick, easy, non-destructive operation, may be applied efficiently to evaluate photocatalytical activity of solid materials such as mono/multi crystalline, film and particulate powder in various types, sizes and treatments.
Simplied Calculation Method for Reinforcement of Rectangular Sectional Flexural Members Considering Crack Width
Authors: Yuan Jian , Chen Min
Published: July 2011

Based on maximum crack width checking of flexural member with rectangular section, the limited maximum crack width value of code was substituted into checking formula. In this paper, according to the different value scope of non-uniformly distributed strain of coefficient longitudinal tensile reinforcement, controlling equations expressed with the diameter and numbers of steel bars are derived, thus reinforcement meeting the requirement of crack width can be calculated directly according to known value. The example indicates that this method can avoid the repeated reinforcement adjustment and crack checking calculation process, and the reinforcement parameter can meet the requirements well. It may be a reference for the designers.
The Staged Construction Plan of Free Way Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Zhou Ke Feng , Li Yu Zhi , Wang Hui
Published: July 2011

The several-phased construction of highways and asphalt pavements should be carried out in the following situations：the foundations are made of soft soil or low-quality soil, the filling and digging of the foundations are replaced frequently, the traffic calculations are not accurate, and the fund of the initial phase is insufficient. The design of several-phased constructions can be the basis of remainder life concept according the regulations drew up by America Asphalt Association and combined the regular computing process in our country.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine Nanocrystalline Ti-Al Nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Shan Jun , Jiang Shan Luo , Li Xi Bo , Tang Yong Jian , Sun Wei Guo
Published: July 2011

Ti-Al nanoparticles and have been synthesized by the flow-levitation (FL) method. The morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of Ti-Al nanoparticles obtained were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and induction-coupled plasma spectroscopy. Results showed that the average grain size of these nanoparticles is about 30 nm, and it can be controlled availably by altering procedure parameters. The structure of powder is mainly double phase Ti-Al particulate composite. In addition, there are certain corresponding relation between the compositions of evaporate source master material and phase composition of alloy compound nanoparticle. The expected nanoparticle, which is mainly composition of nanocrystalline intermetallic compound, can be obtained through changing the compositions of evaporating source mastermaterial.
Static Recrystallization of Magnesium Alloy during TRC-HC Deformation Followed by Annealing
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Shou Ren , Ma Ru , Yang Li Ying
Published: July 2011

Using optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, the static recrystallization (SRX) mechanisms of ZK 60 magnesium alloy was examined under twin-roll-cast and hot compression (TRC-HC, 350 °C/0.1 s-1) and subsequent annealing (1000 second at 250-400°C). The static recrystallization (SRX) mechanisms, such as grain boundary migration (GBM), grain boundary bulging (GLB) and subgrain rotation (SGR), were discussed.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Diarylethene Bearing n-Hexyl for Holographic Optical Recording
Authors: Cui Shi Qiang , Pu Shou Zhi , Liu Wei Jun
Published: July 2011

A new photochromic compound 1-(2-ethyl-3-benzothienyl)-2- (2-n-hexyl-5-formyl-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene (1a) was synthesized, its photochromic properties were examined, the result indicated that the color of the compound 1a changed from colorless to a blue one upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, a new absorption maxima were observed at 583 and 594 nm in hexane and PMMA film, respectively. The new photochromic compound also exhibited remarkable holographic optical recording character.
The Study on the Bond Strength between Gunning Formed Lining and Surface of Stave with Anchors
Authors: Cao Feng , Pan Guo Xiang , Chen Hai Feng , Tang Pei Song
Published: July 2011

To prolong blast furnace campaign life, a great deal of research work has been carried out on the structure of stave cooler in the past decades, which, in turn, produced favorable results. However, due to the different thermal expanding property of the metal stave from that of the brick lining, the latter is subjected to crack, slide and damage. To solve the problem, a new stave cooler has been developed in this paper. Thus, a certain amount of anchors were welded on the traditional stave cooler, the unshaped gunning material can be fixed by anchors and the whole-lining be formed by gunning. The results of thermal simulating indicates: the bonding strength between the surface of stave cooler with anchors and the gunning lining is much higher than that between the surface of traditional stave cooler and the brick lining. Consequently, the service life of blast furnace will be extended. The optimizing design of the anchor was also described in the paper.
Study on the Use of Rhodamine Doped Nanocomposite for Latent Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Liu Li
Published: July 2011

Silicon dioxide-based nanocomposites offer large loading capacity for various doping chemicals or molecular complexes, high surface to volume ratio and customizable surface chemistry for the creation and development of novel sensors and devices [1-2]. When compared with other sol-gel materials, xerogels represent a class of nanocomposites that are relatively easy to fabricate but with unique thermal, acoustic, optical and mechanical properties for rapid sensor or device prototyping development [3-4]. Xerogels in solids are formed by controlled evaporation of the liquid in the hydro-gel. Their porosity and morphology depend largely on the temperature, gel chemical compositions and pH in the fabrication process. When impregnated with fluorescent compounds in their nanosize cavities, the doped xerogels exhibit strong and stable fluorescence properties that are useful for the developing of ion-exchange sensors and optical devices. However, the use of these fluorescently doped xerogels in forensic applications was still largely unexplored.
Cases Analysis of Nonconformity in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection for Steel Plates
Authors: Sun Yi Qiang , Wu Li Xin , Zhang Ping , Wang Zhi Fen
Published: July 2011

The Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope were used to analyze the causes of Nonconformity in ultrasonic flaw detection for three steel plates. The metallographic and energy spectrum analysis show that the main reasons were inclusions, porosity and cracks respectively, which were caused by the slag inclusion, center porosity and center segregation of the billets. Improving the quality of the steel water and optimizing continuous casting process could reduce the defects, and increase the percent qualified in ultrasonic flaw detection.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces on Copper Foil with Stearic Acid
Authors: Wang Li Bo , Lu Yang , Cao Xin Xin
Published: July 2011

Superhydrophobic surface was prepared by hydrothermal method on copper substrate via immersing the clean pure copper substrate into the mixed solution of H2O2and C2H5OH, and then the substrate was heated at 100°C for 1.5 h, followed by modifying with stearic acid. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The wettability of the products was also investigated. It was found that the as-prepared surface had a high water contact angle of about 153°. SEM images of the film showed that many irregular micro-nano sheets distributed on the surface in a random pattern. The special porous architecture, with the low surface energy leads to the surface superhydrophobicity.
Preparation of Magnetic Expanded Graphite by Sol-Gel Method and its Electromagnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yan Jun , Li Tian Peng , Wang Jing
Published: July 2011

In order to transform the diamagnetism of expanded graphite (EG) to ferrimagnetism and improve its electromagnetic interferential capability, nano γ-Fe2O3/EG magnetic composite materials was prepared by sol-gel and low temperature self-combustion technique. The as prepared samples were characterized by SEM, XRD and Magnetic hysteresis cycle test. The results indicated that the composite materials had ferrimagnetism property after the embedding of γ-Fe2O3, but the average conductivity of the composites decreases gradually with the increase of γ-Fe2O3. Different mixing ratio of ferrite gel and graphite intercalation compounds produced ferric oxide with different crystal form and shape. When the content of ferrite sol was low, spherical γ-Fe2O3with the mean size of 31.69nm was formed, and spread unevenly on the surface and interformational micelles of EG. High content of ferrite sol (83wt%) produced more perfect crystal γ-Fe2O3of pentahedron shape with the mean size of 44.68nm, and a few of α-Fe2O3occurred which lead to the decline of the magnetic property of the composite materials.
Influence of Temperature on the Absorption Behaviour between Cement and Asphalt Emulsion in CA Mortar
Authors: Liu Yun Peng , Wang Fa Zhou
Published: July 2011

Cement asphalt mortar (CA mortar) is a highly flowable grouting material used in the slab track structure. Temperature significantly influences the workable time of CA mortar. The workable time of CA mortar is controlled by the adsorption of asphalt droplets in the emulsion on cement grains. In the present study, the absorption behaviours under different temperatures were investigated to reveal the influences of temperature on workable properties of CA mortar. A laser particle size analyzer was employed to characterize the particle size variation in the cement and asphalt emulsion (CAE) system. The results indicated that the particle size increased more prominently at elevated temperature; The viscosity of the CAE system was measured by a rotational viscometer, results indicated that variation pattern of viscosity correlated well with that of the particle size in the CAE system and the increase of particle size was partially accountable for the increase of viscosity and impairing the flowability of CA mortar; the workable properties of CA mortar were also investigated, results showed that the slump flow increased and the workable time decreased with the increase of temperature. The addition of non-ionic emulsifier could retard the adsorption behaviour between cement and asphalt and prolong the workable time of CA mortar.
In Situ Synthesis Process for TiC Whisker Toughening Al2O3-Based Ceramic Cutting Tool Composite
Authors: Liu Bing Qiang , Wang Chang Chun , Sun Ai Ling , Huang Chuan Zhen
Published: July 2011

A TiC whisker toughening Al2O3 composite ceramic tool material was developed by an in situ carbothermal reduction synthesis technology. The influence of different synthesis temperatures (1480°C and 1700°C) and holding times (90min, 60min and 30min) on the mechanical properties of the composite was investigated. The results showed that either the lower synthesis temperature (1480°C) or the higher synthesis temperature (1700°C) was necessary to the improvement on the fracture toughness of the composite. However, when an Al2O3-TiO2 eutectic system was formed during the higher temperature synthesis process, grain coarsening of the Al2O3 matrix became much serious, which resulted in obvious decrease in the flexure strength of the composite. Therefore, the carbothermal reduction synthesis process should be divided into two parts including the lower temperature synthesis process for increasing the yield of the TiC whisker and the subsequent higher temperature synthesis process for increasing the carbon content in the TiC whisker, and and the lower temperature synthesis process should be held for enough time (e.g. 60min) to avoid an incomplete carbothermal reduction of TiO2.
Microstructure and Properties of High Carbon Equivalent Gray Cast Iron Modified by Rare Earth
Authors: Chu Fu Min , Zu Xin Hui , Zhao Zhong Kui , Jiang Xiao Yun
Published: July 2011

Microstructure and properties of the high carbon equivalent gray cast iron modified by the rare earth metal are investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Brinell hardness and tensile testing. The results show that the primary austenite dendritic is refined, and the morphology of graphite is transformed from A-type to D-type undercooling graphite with increment of the rare earth metal (REM), even with the vermicular graphite present. The lamellae are becoming thinner with increment of rare earth metal. There are double peaks between the addition of the rare earth metal and the tensile strength/hardness. The iron would have the best comprehensive property when 0.30% REM is added.
Preparation and Performance of TiC Whisker Toughening Alumina Ceramic Cutting Tool Composite
Authors: Jiang Jun Sheng , Wang Chang Chun , Liu Bing Qiang , Huang Chuan Zhen
Published: July 2011

A TiC whisker toughening Al2O3-based ceramic cutting tool composite named ATW30 was developed by a two-step in situ synthesis technology. The fracture toughness, flexure strength and Vickers hardness of the composite were 7.63MPa•m1/2, 800MPa and 19.5GPa, respectively. Compared to a (W, Ti)C particle strengthening Al2O3-based ceramic cutting tool composite named SG4, ATW30 was with lower flexure strength and Vickers hardness but much higher flexure strength, and therefore obviously higher wear resistance at either lower or higher cutting speed. The dominant wear mechanism on the flank face of ATW30 is abrasive wear at lower cutting speed and adhesive wear at higher cutting speed. Because of the appearance of the adhesive wear, the wear resistance of ATW30 at higher cutting speed is lower than that of itself at lower cutting speed.
Effect of KCl Addition upon the Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Sulphide
Authors: Vaya Dipti , Jain Abhilasha , Lodha Savitri , Sharma V. K. , Ameta Suresh C.
Published: July 2011

In the present investigation the photocatalytic activity of zinc sulphide has been enhanced using KCl in different molar ratios. The progress of the reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effect of various parameters like pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor, light intensity etc. upon the rate of photocatalytic bleaching of eosin Y has been observed. The molar ratio of KCl: ZnS = 0.25 was found to be a most efficient mixture for bleaching of eosin Y. A tentative mechanism for the photocatalytic bleaching of the dye has also been proposed.
Research on Kansei Engineering and its Application in Massage Chair Design
Authors: Wang Zhen Ya , Liang Ying Ying , Shi Hui Hui
Published: July 2011

Kansei Engineering is a technical methodology to translate consumer’s Kansei into product design elements. The target of this technology is to provide designers and manufacturers with a technique to master the emotional and spiritual needs of consumers and then manifest them in product design to enhance competitive edge. In light of this situation and on the basis of finishing a lot of English literature reading about this technology, the author conducted systematical study about Kansei Engineering in this thesis with the aim to enhance understanding of it for domestic designers and accelerate spread of it. Basing on the study about the situations of China’s domestic design industry, the author analyzed several points that China’s design industry should learn from Japan and Kansei Engineering technology, and proposed a simplified Kansei Engineering Model which is easier to execute and suitable for domestic design industry. In conclusion, this paper gives an introduction to the theory of Kansei Engineering system, and explores the relationship between consumer's desire and massage chair design factor with the SD (Semantic Differential) method, providing effective reference for the massage chair design.
The Tensile Strength of Neat and Coated Woven Fabrics
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2011

Flexible composites with high performance are widely used in geotextiles and some other fields. In this research work, the author studied the tensile behaviors of four neat woven fabrics and two coated woven fabrics. The comparison of the tensile strength between the uncoated and coated woven fabric revealed the effect of coating on the tensile strength of flexible composites which will be beneficial for the design and manufacture of flexible composite with high quality.
Research on Application of Plant Structure Bionics in Building Materials
Authors: Wu Wen Ting , Ren Yi , Zhao Heng Yu
Published: July 2011

Since ancient times, nature has been the source of various principles of science and technology and major invention. The features of plant structure bionics, history of application of plant structure bionics in building sector and its applications in high intensity composite material bionics, self-cleaning effect bionics, intelligent information and bionic control, stealth materials and biomimetic materials bionics and other building materials were demonstrated in this paper. Issues for further research were also discussed to provide more inspiration and reference for further innovation.
Identification of the Dynamic Coefficients of Hybrid Bearings
Authors: Atchonouglo Kossi , Bonneau Olivier , Jolly Pascal , Vallée Claude
Published: July 2011

Within the linear region, the oil-film force increment of journal bearing is a fourdegree- of-freedom linear system. This paper presents an experimental method to identify hybrid bearing coefficients. Under various testing conditions described, experimental data are required on a complex test rig. An inverse technique based on least square method in time domain is developped for the coefficients identification. It results from the experimental data exploitation that the linear stiffness and damping coefficients are sensitive to the pressure feed, but the mass coefficients are insensitive.
3D Pyramidal Micropool Array Electrode for Amperometric Microsensor
Authors: Sun Ji Zhou , Li Yang , Bian Chao , Tong Jian Hua , Dong Han Peng , Zhang Hong , Chen Qing Yong , Xia Shan Hong
Published: July 2011

This paper reports a novel three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode to enhance the sensitivity and current output of the amperometric microsensor. Based on silicon bulk micromachining technology and the introduction of nanomaterials, the 3D microelectrodes (3DME) are fabricated as working electrodes of the amperometric sensor. It comprises both sensitive microstructures and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. The 3D micro structure can enlarge the effective surface area of working electrode and make more analyte to approach electrode surface more easily. This design provides a better microenvironment for electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticales. It further improves the enhancement effect of catalytic efficiency and electroactivity for the microelectrode. The sensor has been successfully used to detect H2O2, which is a vital target analyte in glucose detection and enzyme-linked immunodetection. Compared with amperometric biosensor based on planar microelectrode (PME), this sensor has advantages of lower detection limit, higher current signal and higher sensitivity.
Study on Resonant Characteristics of Closed-Loop Controlled Microcantilever
Authors: Guo Bo , Liu Shi Bin , Liang Jin Tao , Feng Wen Guang , Liu Yu Xin , Li Ju Ping
Published: July 2011

A kind of double-layer Si-based microcantilever was fabricated using standard integrated circuit and micro-mechanical machining technology. It was thermally-excited and the signal was detected based on piezoresistance effect of semiconductors. Taking the advantage of FPGA, the digital closed-loop system on silicon resonant microcantilever was implemented. On this basis, the resonant characteristics like amplitude of output signal, the resonant frequency shift, the frequency stability and the quality factor of this kind of microcantilever were studied through theoretical analysis and experiment. This paper focus on the dependence of amplitude of output signal on the exciting power, bias voltage as well as the dependence of resonant frequency shift of output signal on the exciting voltage, bias voltage. Analysis about the result of the experiment was given, which showed that this silicon microcantilever is suitable for resonant microsensor, and provided some advices for the optimum design of the system. It laid the foundation for the development of a new resonant structure of silicon micro-cantilever sensors.
Design of the Resonance Tracking System for a Resonant Accelerometer Based on Electrostatic Stiffness
Authors: Liu Heng , He Xiao Ping , Su Wei , Zhang Fu Tang
Published: July 2011

The main advantage of a resonant accelerometer based on electrostatic stiffness over other sensing principles is it can make use of the sensing voltage to adjust the sensitivity. The dynamic model of this accelerometer is built. With the aim to achieve the resonance frequency track, a phase-locked loop(PLL) system is used to track the resonance frequency due to changing of the acceleration, the model for the control system is established and the system behavior are analyzed using an averaging method. The analysis provides a quantitative criterion for selecting the control parameters to achieve system stability, the integral control gain will critical to the system stability and stability time. Simulation results are shown to be in agreement with the all theoretical analysis.
Experimentally Study of the Cushion Materials for Micro Accelerometer under Shock Load
Authors: Wang Shi Tao , Jia Yu Bin , Zhang Bin Zhen , Lei Yin Hua , Huang Qin Wen , Hao Yi Long
Published: July 2011

This work studied the cushion efficiencies of aluminum foam and metal rubber as the cushion materials for microaccelerometers under shock load. A series of shock experiments were carried out to test the performance of these two materials. Preliminary results indicated that aluminum foam and metal rubber have different energy absorption mechanisms, and both of them have excellent energy absorption capability, which can effectively cushion the effect of shocking pulse peak and suppress the high-frequency vibration noise. Aluminum foam and metal rubber are believed to be promising cushion materials for microaccelerometer.
Design and Fabrication of Micro Oxygen Sensor
Authors: Lee Chia Yen , Lin Liou Long Kai , Chang Chin Lung , Tai Chang Hsing , Fu Lung Ming
Published: July 2011

In the study, a MEMS-based gas sensor is presented, which consists of a sensing thin film deposited by RF sputtering and annealed at 375°C. The structure and surface pattern of the thin film are analyzed by XRD and SEM. The sensor consists of a substrate, Pt interdigitated electrodes and an SnO2 sensing layer. As concentration of oxygen changes, a change in the electrical conductivity of the SnO2 film is caused. The experimental results show that the measured resistance increases as the concentration of oxygen increases at a working temperature of 300°C. A good oxygen sensing performance is presented in the study.
The Fabrication of Ag Nanostructure Array Integrated with Microfluidics for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Geng Zhao Xin , Liu Wen , Wang Xuan Ye , Wang Xiao Dong , Li Zhi Hong , Yang Fu Hua
Published: July 2011

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with enormous enhancements has shown great potential in single-molecule detection, however, the fabrication of large-scale, controllable and reproducible substrates with high SERS activity is a major limitation. This paper provides method to create wafer level SERS substrate with tunable nanoparticle sizes and interparticle gaps. Silver films with different thicknesses were deposited by electron beam evaporation (EBE) and annealed at 260 °C for 15min in nitrogen gas. When annealed, the thin Ag films break up under surface tension to form isolated nanoparticle. The nanoparticle size, density, and shape are found to be dependent on the thickness of Ag and the condition of annealing. The selective deposition of Ag nanoparticle on the silicon substrate is applied to create SERS active sites before the integration with a PDMS microfluidic chip which functions as a sample delivery device and a transparent optical window for SERS. Detections of Rhodamine 6G SERS spectra are accomplished by using a 633nm laser with 300W excitation power. The results show that the fabrication protocol of such a SERS substrate is low-cost, easy-fabrication and inexpensive. Therefore, this substrate may anticipate a wide range of applications in SERS-based sensors.
Study of the Microfluidic-Immunoassay Chip used to Capture Cancer Cells
Authors: Wei Mei Hang , Xu Yi , Li Dong Shun , Zhou Zhen
Published: July 2011

A microfluidic immunoassay chip that can selectively and specifically capture cancer cells was demonstrated. To realise the functionalization of microfluidic chip, using EDC crosslinking method, c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) was covalently linked to the channel surface of chip which was processed by means of MEMS technology. Then the functionalized immunoassay chip could be employed to capture the HepG2 cancer cells that pass through the channel. The flushing flow-rate was optimized. By counting the number of cells in the channels using the microscope and evaluating the capture efficiency effectively, in the system, the capture efficiency can reach 64.2%.
The Competition of the Retraction and Capillary Forces during the DNA Molecules Moving within Channels
Authors: Hui Dan , Wang Kai Ge , Zhao Xiao Juan , Qiao Qi Wei , Li Dan , Dang Wei Jun , Wan Yun , Bai Jin Tao
Published: July 2011

The stretching processes of DNA molecules on the hydrophobic planar surfaces and the dynamic processes of DNA molecules moving into the micro- and nano-channels were studied with the fluorescence microscopy associated with the EMCCD in detail. The results demonstrated the ordered stretching of single DNA molecules under the effects of hydrophobic force, which is one of the main force should be considered when the DNA molecules are driven into channels or other nano-structure patterns.
Design and System-Level Simulation of a Novel On-Chip Test Based on Macromodels
Authors: Guan Le , Gao Jia Li , Chu Jin Kui
Published: July 2011

The methods of on-chip integrated testing have a wide application with the development of the study for MEMS materials properties measurement in microscale. A novel on-chip integrated micro-tensile testing system is designed through system-level simulation based on macromodels to measure the fracture strength and fatigue mechanical properties of polysilicon thin films. The structure of testing instrument consists of V-beam electrothermal actuator, differential capacitance sensor, supporting spring and specimen. The capacitance signal is sensed and controlled by a second sigma-delta modulator circuit. The analytic macromodel of polysilicon thin film specimen considering geometric nonlinearity and the numerical reduced-order model of V-beam electrothermal actuator based on Krylov subspace projection are created separately and described in the MAST hardware language. The mechanical structure dimension size and circuit components parameters are determined and optimized according to system-level simulation. The computing result has shown that the self-build macromodels and the on-chip integrated test system are efficient and reliable.
Development of the 400MHz Power Durable SAW Filter
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Ying Duan , Xi Shi Wei , Zheng Ying Bin , Zhang Chao
Published: July 2011

Rapid development of wireless communication system requires high frequency and high power surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter. For SAW RF MEMS devices on diamond film, they have higher working frequency and more power endurance. A SAW RF MEMS filters on diamond film is designed. Its center frequency is 400MHz, and the line width of its Inter Digital Transducer (IDT) is 5μm. The diamond film on silicon substrate is customized by the CAEP ultra-hard material Co. 2μm thick ZnO piezoelectric film is deposited on diamond film by RF sputtering method. XRD analysis shows that the ZnO film has good C-axis orientation. IDT is fabricated by lift-off process. With delicate process control, designed delicate IDT pattern is acquired. The SAW RF MEMS filter prototype is finally packaged and tested. Its measured center frequency is about 378MHz, with insertion loss of 15.99dB.
Design and Development of the Shrapnel-Borne Meteorological Exploration System Based on MEMS
Authors: Liu Hui Chao , Lou Wen Zhong , Gao Chao , Zu Shao Peng
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a Shrapnel-borne meteorological exploration system based on MEMS sensor for atmospheric pressure, MEMS sensor for temperature and GPS receiver, and introduces the working principle and composition of the system. This system is carried to given region by shrapnel, and explores the meteorological parameters of temperature, barometric pressure and the speed and direction of wind. A data transfer will transport the data acquired by sensors to user terminal. Then user terminal calculates the speed and direction of wind with GPS data by coordinate transformation algorithm, shows all the results on display interface and draws change curves. Test shows that user terminal can display the results rapidly and accurately. The performances completely meet the design requirements. This system is based on Modular Design, so it can meet the different requirements of different environments. With the use of MEMS sensors, this system contains the characters of economy, high stability and low power consumption.
Research of the Hadamard Multiplex Advantages Using a Programmable Micro-Mirror in a Near-Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Guo Yuan Jun , Wen Zhi Yu , Zhang Zhi Hai , Wang Wei
Published: July 2011

A programmable micro mirror has been used in a near infrared spectrometer in order to achieve the purpose of signal multiplexing, to solve the problem of low luminous flux when using single slit and to increase the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Use Hadamard Transform (HT) and programmable micro mirror as its encoding mask to detect the whole spectrum with a single detector, research and analyze the enhancement of SNR of the weak signal. First of all, the mask symbol number is fixed as 63-order based on the Hadamard Transform principle, calculate the optimal S-Matrix, and then the encoding mask has been realized by micro mirror. At last, carry out some experimental verifications as well as data analyzing, discuss the alternating spectrum signal which produce an effect on transformational algorithm, bring out the coadded upswing plan. The result shows that: the conflict of resolution and SNR can be well settled with Hadamard multiplex. The SNR can be increased by the factor of 3.5, which is identical with the theoretic result.
A High-Performance Fourth-Order Sigma-Delta Micromachined Accelerometer
Authors: Li Yao Guang , Liu Xiao Wei , Xiao Yan , Liu Yun Tao
Published: July 2011

This paper reports on a system level design and analysis of a single-loop fourth-order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) accelerometer. Compared with a second-order single-loop ΣΔ modulator (ΣΔM) formed by the sensing element here the sensing element is cascaded with two extra electronic integrators to form the fourth ΣΔM, which has the advantages of better signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR). System level simulation results indicate that the SQNR is 96.86 dB, and the effective number of bits (ENOB) is 15.8 bits when the over sampling ratio (OSR) is 128. Stability of the system is analyzed by root locus method based on the linear model established in this work, and the minimum gain of the quantizer Kq min is about 0.375.
Silicon-Based Microneedle Array Electrodes for Biopotential Measurement
Authors: Yan Xiao Xiao , Liu Jing Quan , Wang Long Fei , Yang Chun Sheng , Li Yi Gui
Published: July 2011

Biopotential signals in shin tissue reflect the body’s healthy conditions. So the measurement of these signals can diagnose whether the body has diseases or not. Traditional technology used to measure these signals results in pain, bleeding, infection, etc. Recently, the microneedle electrodes are used to measure these signals owing to their advantages, such as painless, low cost, easily made, etc. This paper presents a new method to fabricate the silicon-based microneedle array electrodes intended for measuring biopotential signals in the skin tissue. The arrays consist of a 5 mm x 5 mm silicon base with gold film, and 49 silicon needle-type electrodes with gold film in a 7x 7 array on the silicon base. Each needle is approximately 700 μm long, 70μm in diameter at the base. The 1mm-thick silicon wafer is cut to form 300x 300 x700 μm rectangular micro-column by dicing saw. Then the 5x5 mm silicon base with these columns is cut off to form the whole substrate. The rectangular micro-columns are etched in the mixture acid solution (HNO3 and HF) until getting sharp microneedles. Then the surface of the microneedles is sputtered the gold film, the microneedle electrodes are formed. One array of these electrodes exhibits low impedance for measuringbiopotential signals.
Novel Triplexer Chip Design Combination of an Asymmetric Y Branch Waveguide and a Multimode Interference
Authors: Le Zi Chun , Li Bin , Hu Jin Hua
Published: July 2011

A novel triplexer chip based on an asymmetric Y branch waveguide and a multimode interference is presented in this paper. Using the novel triplexer chip, a 1310nm channel is multiplexed and 1490nm and 1550nm channels are demultiplexed for FTTH using. The asymmetric Y branch waveguide is used to separate the 1310nm channel from the 1490nm and 1550nm channels. Then the multimode interference is used to demultiplex the 1490nm from 1550nm channel. The simulated spectra show the bandwidths of three response wavelengths are 100nm, 20nm and 10nm, respectively, which can meet the demand of ITU.984 completely. The isolation for 1310nm is more than 48dB, and the isolation between 1490nm and 1550nm is more than 37dB.
Realization of Hadamard Transform Encoding Mask Using Programmable Digital Micro-Mirror Device
Authors: Wang Wei , Wen Zhi Yu , Zhang Zhi Hai , Mo Xiang Xia
Published: July 2011

The realization of Hadamard Transform (HT) encoding mask is the key technology to Hadamard Transform Spectroscopy. In order to realize HT mask using DMD, the theory of HT and principle of light modulate of DMD are explained. DMD is controlled by programming to realize cyclic HT mask based on S-matrix. The performance of the mask is also verified by building a spectroscopy experiment system, and higher SNR spectrum information is acquired. The results indicate that the SNR in HT mode is 38.4323 while 11.3446 in scanning mode, the gain of SNR is 3.38. It can be concluded that the HT encoding mask that realized by DMD is feasible, spectrum signal’s intensity and SNR can be improved effectively.
Study of a Capacitive Clamped Beam RF MEMS Power Sensor Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Liao Xiao Ping , Hua Di
Published: July 2011

This paper proposes a sophisticated type of capacitive clamped beam RF MEMS power sensor, which is fabricated on GaAs substrate with MMIC technology. This new capacitive clamped beam RF MEMS power sensor can act quickly to the RF signals and consumes little power on central CPW line. A version of draft microwave circuit model is presented, in order to build a set of initial structure parameters of the clamped beam RF MEMS power sensor simulation model. The frequency scope of this designed clamped beam RF MEMS power sensor is from 8GHz to 12GHz. Through adjusting the set of initial structure parameters of simulation model, a set of successful and proper S parameter of HFSS simulation can be obtained, and the S parameter is: S11 is less than -35dB and S21 is less than 0.15dB. Based on the performance parameter mentioned, the optimization on the power sensor simulation structure has been presented.
Design of High-SNR CMOS Interface Circuit for Micro-Machined Gyroscope
Authors: Lu Hai Xi , Xu Yong Ping , Wang Shou Rong
Published: July 2011

A CMOS integrated interface circuit for micro-machined gyroscope containing a novel front-end and 6th-order Sigma-delta modulator is presented in this paper. To reduce the noise coming from the sensor and circuit, the front-end is accomplished by a switched-capacitor architecture, which constructed by a high-gain fully-differential amplifier and improved by chopper-stabilization technique, and work under a designed charging and sampling logic scheme. A cascade 6th-order Sigma-Delta modulator is designed to get high resolution, reduce quantized error and suppress the instability brought by high-order modulator. With the cascade structure and 16-bit resolution 32 OSR, the modulator outputs 3-bits digital stream. The whole circuit is designed with AMS technique and 3.3V power consumption. The simulation result presents that the interface circuit performs a appointed under a low-noise design specification in signal band, and the SNR of the circuit achieves remarkable value of 106dB.
Nano-Piezoelectric Ceramics Power Supply Based on Single Electron Storage
Authors: Li Hui , Gao Min , Wang Guang Long
Published: July 2011

Nano-piezoelectric ceramics power supply can achieve the self-power supply of nano-electron equipment under passive condition, and realize its power supply’ integration and microminiaturization. According to piezoelectricity and nano-electronics, depend on the analysis of conventional dimension multilayer piezoelectric ceramics power supply, study the structure composition and operating principle of nano-piezoelectric ceramics power supply based on floating gate type quantum-dots based single electron storage. Then analyze the structure and character of single electron storage based on single electron transistor, and deduce the formulas between alternation of gate potential and stored electron number through theory method, establish firm theoretical foundation for the design of nano-piezoelectric ceramics power supply.
Effect of Micro-Injection Molding Process Parameters for Various Micro-Channels
Authors: Yang Duo , Liu Chong , Xu Zheng , Wang Ji Zhang , Wang Li Ding
Published: July 2011

Micro-channels were the main microstructures in most micro-fluidic devices. In this paper, the effects of injection molding process parameters on the replicability of micro-channels profile are studied. Orthogonal experiments (Taguchi method) are carried out to establish the relationship between injection process parameters and replication accuracy for various micro-channels. Experimental results show that mold temperature and packing pressure are the principal factors in molding process. The replication accuracy depends strongly on the processing conditions. The replication accuracy reached about 99.84% using the optimum parameters.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of in-Plane Titanium Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Yi Ming , Chen Jing
Published: July 2011

Transdermal drug delivery is an alternative way to transport drugs compared with oral route and hypodermic injection. The problem of oral route is the degradation of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract and their elimination through the liver. The hypodermic injection is problematic due to the pain and inconvenient for patients [1]. As a novel device of transdermal drug delivery, microneedles offer several advantages including the painless injection, the precise penetration depth under the skin and the long-term, continuous deliveries
Adhesive Enhancement Improved Field Emission Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube Arrays on Energetic Ion Pre-Bombarded Si Substrates
Authors: Deng Jian Hua , Sun Peng Cheng , Ping Zhao Xia , Cheng Guo An , Zheng Rui Ting
Published: July 2011

Field emission (FE) characteristics of well-aligned multiwall carbon nanotube arrays (CNTAs) grown on originally polished and energetic iron ion bombarded Si substrates were investigated. It was found that the FE characteristics have been improved remarkably by the pretreatment of iron ion bombardment, an evident promotion of the highest emission current density from 4.05 mA/cm2to 54.45 mA/cm2was as an expression of this enhancement, this enhancement in characteristics is attributed to the improved adhesion between CNTs and Si substrate for the existence of iron buffer layer. The relationship between adhesive force and emission current density has been introduced, and the calculation reveals that the adhesion has been enhanced by 14.4 times due to the energetic ion pre-bombardment on Si substrate.
Design and Research of Flat Micro Heat Pipe with Glass Fiber Wick
Authors: Han Tian , Liu Xiao Wei , Wang Chao
Published: July 2011

A kind of flat micro heat pipe with glass fiber wick structure is designed and fabricated. The structure of the wick is presented and also the excellence of the structure is described. For the glass fiber wick, the maximum heat transports is calculated by one-dimensional steady governing equations. Experimental testing is performed for the fabricated micro heat pipe in vacuum. The testing results is presented and analyzed.
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of an Air-Driven Microturbomachine
Authors: Sun Shao Chun , Shi Geng Chen
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the design, simulation and fabrication of an mm-scale air-driven microturbomachine. The circumferential-flow turbomachine has a plain-shaped structure with an overall size of 8×8×3mm3. The predicted formulas for driving torque and driving power are deduced by analyzing the working condition of the model. Finite element simulation is carried out to determine the driving torque and driving power. Turbine and stator are fabricated using UV-LIGA technique, while other components using pension micromachining. Test results of assembled prototype show that under the air-flow speed of 80m/s, no-load and load rotation speed are 10kr/min and 9.5kr/min respectively, and the output power is 326.57µW. The results indicate micro turbomachine is potential power source for the micro system.
Fabrication of Piezoelectric Vibration Power Harvester using Bulk PZT
Authors: Sun Jian , Li Yi Gui , Liu Jing Quan , Yang Chun Sheng , He Dan Nong , Van Thanh Dau , Tanaka Katsuhiko , Sugiyama Susumu
Published: July 2011

Piezoelectric energy harvester with high output and low resonant frequency is required in wireless sensors and portable devices. It can be fabricated by bonding of the bulk PZT ceramics with excellent piezoelectric properties to the Si wafer. Firstly, the basic design principles of piezoelectric energy harvester were analyzed. Then, the novel process flow to manufacture piezoelectric energy harvester using bulk PZT was explored. Using 2µm Au layer as the bonding layer, the bulk PZT was bonded to Si wafer at the temperature of 5500C for 2 hours. With the lapping technique, the thickness of bulk PZT is reduced from 300µm to 60µm. KOH was used to etch the backside of Si from 500µm to 20µm as the supporting layer of the piezoelectric beam. The last procedure was to dice the wafer into many cantilevers with different length or width. One of PZT piezoelectric cantilevers was tested using a mechanical shaker, by applying a sinusoidal oscillation at different frequencies. The resonant frequency is 815 Hz, and the voltage output is around 632 mV at 0.5g. The result shows that the sample has excellent ability to harvest energy of vibration and the novel bonding technology is quite feasible.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Water Structure Confined in Vibrative Silicon Plates
Authors: Wang Zhu , Bi Ke Dong , Chen Yun Fei
Published: July 2011

A physical model of the bulk-nanochannel-bulk with buffer bathes has been set up in this paper using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The distribution of water molecules and counterions Na+in the nanochannel region with different surface charge densities is studied when silicon atoms vibrate. Simulation results show that the interaction between the charged surfaces and the ions in the channel results in an enrichment of counterions. With the increase of the surface charge density, the vibration effect of silicon atoms on the distribution of water molecules and Na+ions cannot be ignored, which results in the decreasing of adsorbed peak and increasing of the first hydration peak. The concentration of Na+increases and it distributes farther away from the wall. In addition, the ion exchange between nanochannel region and bath boxes is considered, so it is not electrical neutrality in the nanochannel region, and its electrical property depends on the surface charges.