bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement Of Linear Prediction Coefficient Quantisation In The 3g Adaptive Multi Rate Speech Coder
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, McCarthy John
Published: June 2024

"Most speech coding algorithms in use today utilise the source-filter model of human speech production in which speech is modelled as the response of a time varying, linear, all-pole, synthesis filter to an input excitation. In mobile communications, it is the coefficients of this filter and details of the excitation that are transmitted. The filter coefficients are first quantised using a limited number of bits. Due to coefficient sensitivity, direct quantisation of the filter coefficients may lead to an unstable filter during speech synthesis at the receiver and hence an alternative representation is needed. Line Spectral Frequencies (LSFs) have evolved as the most effective representation of synthesis filter coefficients in order to protect against degradation. The quantisation process involves first generating the LSFs mathematically and then using weighting functions to prioritise them based on their spectral sensitivity. This thesis considers four weighting functions (WF) for use in the quantisation of LSF values and evaluates them in terms of performance both in split vector and split matrix LSF quantisation. A spectral distortion measure using the quantised and unquantised LSFs is generated to determine the best WF for each quantiser. The third generation Adaptive Multi Rate (3G AMR) codec is used as the testbed. Since LSFs exhibit correlation from frame to frame, the work progresses to examine prediction as a means of reducing the number of quantisation bits. The thesis examines the use of higher order, fixed factor predictors and adaptive predictors to make better estimates of current LSF values. Higher order predictors further exploit correlation between corresponding LSFs in successive frames while adaptive predictors eliminate the need for memory storage of fixed LSF estimates. In addition, an adaptive predictor is less speaker dependent. The LMS algorithm is used in the predictor weight adaptation. Prediction effectiveness is measured using the 3G ANTR and G.729 codecs. This work also examines the possibility of reducing the LSF residual dynamic range while maintaining speech quality by low pass filtering the LSF values. The objective is to decrease the residual LSF value and hence the codebook size. The results show that filtering one LSF subvector alone can halve the dynamic range while maintaining existing speech quality."
Delivery Of Wireless Ad Hoc Services Using Jini
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Cummins Sinéad
Published: June 2024

"Traditionally, networks were planned infrastructures consisting mainly ot desktop machines and servers. As a result of the careful planning carried out prior to their construction, these networks were easily managed and controlled by network administrators. Today these networks are joined by cell phones, PDAs and other handheld devices as well as a host of sensors. This has led to a migration from traditional networks to ad hoc networks. One way to envisage what this new environment will be like is to imagine what life will be like at the edge of the network. Today the edge mostly consists ot clients such as desktop class machines. However as we connect our appliances, automobiles, and homes to the networks we increasingly use mobile handheld devices to access network services. This new network edge requires a means by which components can seamlessly integrate with the network in a flexible and ad hoc manner. The Java-based Jini networking technology forms a system that allows for this kind of flexible ad hoc network interaction. This thesis examines the development of a number of ad hoc Jini services to be used within the new network edge. By deploying these services on both fixed and mobile devices over wired and wireless networks it is possible to determine the suitability of Jim as an ad hoc service provider within the modern network edge."
Analytical And Fea Analysis Of Silicon Micro-machined Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Donoghue Eoghan
Published: June 2024

"This thesis is concerned with the electro-mechanical characterisation of MEMS capacitive pressure sensors and the determination of models to describe their behaviour. The finite element software package ANSYS is validated as a tool for the examination of the electro-mechanical behaviour of capacitive pressure sensors. It is then used to incorporate the effects of applied load, voltage and residual stress into a model of the sensor structure. The capacitive pressure sensor is modelled both in 3D and also in 2D axis-symmetric modes. The error between the 2D and 3D models is quantified. The behaviour of structures under electrostatic actuation is investigated. A means of extracting the capacitance from the sensor structure is developed and also a m.eans of modelling contact between structural entities in the system is proposed. The optical profiling method. Scanning White Interferometry is introduced and utilised to measure the behaviour of sample capacitive pressure sensors under electrostatic actuation. The behaviour of classical structures under electrostatic actuation is investigated and the electrostatic pull-in behaviour of fixed-fixed beams is investigated using both analytical and TEA methods. The output from the ANSYS models developed is also compared to the commercially available numerical analysis software packages SUGAR and Coventorware. Capacitance and the effect of fringing fields are also addressed to a lesser extent. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted on the geometric structure of the sensor and the critical dimensions such as diaphragm diameter and thickness were investigated. The capacitance output range for the sensor was found to be non-linear and in the region of 390 to 415 femto Farads in a pressure range from 0-0.14 MPa."
Performance Evaluation Of Sip Based Services In Umts
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Pous Fenollar Maria
Published: June 2024

"With ever increasing penetration of IP technologies and the tremendous growth in wireless data traffic, the wireless industry is evolving the mobile core networks towards IP technology. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is specifying an IP Multimedia Core Network Sub-System (IMS) in UMTS Release 5 and Release 6, which is adjunct to the UMTS GPRS core network. This IP-based network will allow mobile operators to provide commonly used Internet applications to wireless user. The UMTS IMS uses the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defined text based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), to control a wide range of anticipated IP-based services such as Voice over IP, Multimedia calls, etc. Moreover, its capabilities have made SIP suitable to provide new applications and services. Text based protocols are easier to develop than bit-wise representations and likely to be more expediently taken to market, as they allow operators/vendors to open the application space to a much broader development community. This is likely to result in new services offering such as wireless multimedia calls, chat, presence and messaging services. However, initial indications as to the signalling delays associated with packet call control using SIP have concerned operators about the viability of such services over the UMTS air interface. This has led UMTS vendors/operators to invest in the standardisation of ways to wireless by enable the efficient use of SIP with such measures such as protocol compression. This study provides insight into the performance that can be expected from the broad range of UMTS services. Several types of services, with different QoS characteristics are analysed. A UMTS packet-switched voice service is studied and then compared with the UMTS circuit-switched voice service. Moreover new offered services, such as Instant Messaging with presence capabilities are studied providing a broader view of UMTS system capabilities."
Development Of Electrochemical Sensors For Monitoring Glucose
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Nesbitt Michael
Published: June 2024

"The thesis focuses on evaluating calcium alginate as an immobilisation matrix for the oxidase enzyme glucose oxidase for the amperometric determination of glucose. The basic principles of enzymology and enzyme immobilisation is discussed followed by a review of a variety of first, second and third generation type enzyme electrodes. Amperometry as governed by the Cottrell equation and mass transfer models relating to amperometric electrodes are also considered. Bovine serum albumin (BSA / GOx) enzyme electrode system was employed as a model to evaluate a calcium alginate immobilisation technique for glucose oxidase. The principal methods employed for enzyme immobilisation were: • Bovine serum albumin (BSA) by co-covalent linking of enzyme to protein using the bi-functional reagent glutaraldehyde (chemical cross-linking). • Sodium alginate by formation of an insoluble gel matrix with the enzyme physically entrapped within. The insoluble alginate gel is formed by substitution of the sodium ions that occur naturally within the gel with calcium ions. • Calcium alginate by chemical cross-linking of enzyme using the bi-functional reagent glutaraldehyde and polyethylenimine (PEI). Glucose oxidase entrapped in calcium alginate for glucose analysis in a TRIS-HCl buffer remained stable throughout the testing period. This enzyme electrode gave a response time between 27 and 49 sec, a linear range of up to 10 mM and a sensitivity of 0.13 μA/mM. Kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme electrode was rate limited by enzyme kinetics rather than mass transport, exhibiting an apparent Michaelis constant of Kmapp = 17.6 mM with a limiting current density (Imax) of 1.8 μA. The reproducibility of this enzyme electrode was comparable to that of the model BSA / GOx enzyme electrode system with % RSD ranging from as low as 7.2 % for linearity, 3.3 % for sensitivity and 16.6 % for response time. A glucose sensitive enzyme electrode was also prepared by chemical cross-linking of glucose oxidase using the bi-functional reagent glutaraldehyde and polyethylenimine (PEI). Unlike the previous system, this electrode could be utilised in a phosphate buffer environment. Although response times were higher than both the model BSA / GOx and Alginate / GOx systems (ca. 1.5 min) the immobilisation procedure was rapid and the resulting electrodes displayed a linear range of up to 23 mM and high sensitivity of 0.17 μA/mM. Average Imax (maximum current) and Kmapp(apparent Michaelis constant) for the optimised PEI / GOx enzyme electrode system were 1.2 μA and 11.6 mM respectively."
The Behaviour Of Long-span Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Various Loading Conditions.
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Leary Ciaran
Published: June 2024

"The relative ease of design and construction of simple reinforced concrete beams provides an attractive option for structural engineering designers. However, where longer spans are involved it is more likely that prestressed concrete or possibly some form of steel beams will be preferred. The primary cause of failure of longer span reinforced concrete beams is likely to be bending. However, the excessive deflection that might be associated with such beams must also be considered. When designing these beams, structural engineers make considerable use of span/effective depth ratios to select trial sections and check deflection limits. Such ratios are provided in the various structural design codes. However, as spans increase, and particularly where they exceed 10 metres, it may not be prudent to rely on simple span/effective depth ratios. Thus for longer span beams it is preferable to use deflections calculations to assess trial sections. The purpose of this research was to consider longer span beams under incremental loading. The research considered how different aspects of behaviour - shear stress, shear strain, direct stress, direct strain and deflection - varied as the values of different input parameters - loads and beam dimensions - were changed. The finite element method of analysis was employed in the investigation. The software package LUSAS was used. The decision of what constitutes a long span beam is a somewhat arbitrary one. Reference to concrete design codes of practice indicates that tables of basic span/effective depth ratios relate to spans up to and including 10 metres. For the research it was decided to consider a 50 % increase on this figure as an upper limit and to take a 20 % reduction as the lower limit. Thus spans from 8 to 15 metres were studied in conjunction with the concrete model and the LUSAS package. "
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerin Erken Okuryazarlık Bilgileri ile Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Çalışmalarına İlişkin Yeterlikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Türköz Halime Kübra , Burak Yakup , Ahmetoğlu Emine
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmenlerin erken okuryazarlık bilgileri ile okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına ilişkin yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline göre tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini kartopu örneklem yöntemiyle ulaşılan okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında veya ilkokul bünyesinde yer alan anasınıflarında görev yapan okul öncesi 380 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Erken Okuryazarlık Bilgi Testi” ve “Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Okuma Yazmaya Hazırlık Çalışmalarına İlişkin Yeterlilik Algıları Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin analizi sürecinde SPSS-26 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin normalliği test edilmiştir ve dağılım normalitesi sağlandığı için araştırmada parametrik analizler tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularının analizinde Pearson korelasyon katsayısı, basit doğrusal regresyon analizi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (One-way ANOVA) teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda okul öncesi öğretmenlerin erken okuryazarlık becerilerine yönelik bilgi düzeyleri ile okuma yazmaya hazırlık çalışmalarına ilişkin yeterlik algıları arasında pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra erken okuryazarlık konusunda daha yüksek bilgi birikimine sahip öğretmenlerin, sınıflarında okuma yazmaya hazırlığa ilişkin çalışmaları yürütme konusunda kendilerini daha yeterli hissettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
FEN BİLİMLERİ EĞİTİMİ ALANINDA GENETİK, GENETİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ VE BİYOTEKNOLOJİ KONUSUNDA YAPILMIŞ LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZ VE MAKALELERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Çaycı Nermin Büşra , Doğru Arzu
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı Fen Bilimleri derslerinde genetik, genetik mühendisliği ve biyoteknoloji konularında ülkemizde yapılmış lisansüstü tezlerin ve makalelerin karşılaştırmalı olarak bir analizini yaparak mevcut durumu ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır. Araştırma verileri genetik bilimine ilginin artmaya başladığı 21. yüzyıl başı olan 2000-2022 yılları arası ile sınırlıdır. Ayrıca konu alanının alt başlıkları olan DNA ve genetik kod, GDO, kök hücre ve klonlama gibi kavramların içerdiği çalışmalarda örneklem içine alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerine YÖK (Ulusal Tez Merkezi) ve Web of Science, EBSCO, ULAKBIM, ResearchGate, Science Direct, Google Scholar gibi bilimsel makalelerin yer aldığı kaynaklardan ulaşılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan doküman incelemesi yaklaşımı benimsenerek yapılan çalışmada veriler içerik analizi ile MS Excel programında çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre bu konu alanında Ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen tez çalışmalarında çoğunlukla 2019 yılında yüksek lisans tezi düzeyinde, konu olarak DNA ve Genetik Kod başlığında yapılan çalışmalarda, örneklemi 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek lisans tezlerinde araştırma yöntemi ve deseni olarak nicel araştırmanın deneysel deseni kullanılmış ve veriler t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Makale çalışmalarının ise çoğunlukla 2020 yılında, Biyoteknoloji konusunda ve fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarına yönelik gerçekleştirildiği tespit edilmiştir Makalelerde araştırma yöntemi ve deseni olarak nicel araştırmanın nicel tarama modeli kullanılmış ve veriler betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Benedito Calixto de Jesus
Authors: JUNIOR Pinto Rafael Alves
Published: June 2024

Este estudo tem como limites analisar algumas representações do Padre José de Anchieta executadas pelo artista Benedito Calixto de Jesus (1853-1927) Metodologicamente selecionamos na produção do artista as principais obras com a temática de Anchieta, referenciando com outras produções época para subsidiar a análise da obra selecionada. O resultado é contribuir para a compreensão dos limites entre as vertentes artísticas e historiográficas que são polos de força na produção artística do período
Frevo, corpos que fervem no carnaval
Authors: SANTOS Marília
Published: June 2024

O frevo é uma expressão cultural e artística brasileira. É Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade desde 2012. Nas últimas décadas a música do frevo tem sido cada vez mais estudada no meio acadêmico. E duas das principias perspectivas nesse meio são o trabalho de campo e a etnografia. Algo que é influência da Etnomusicologia na área da Música. Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre o trabalho de campo, a etnografia e as vivências pessoais na pesquisa em Música, utilizando minha experiência com uma pesquisa sobre o frevo.
Educação em direitos humanos
Authors: DIAS Lopes Ricardo , NETO Souza João Clemente
Published: June 2024

A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, instrumento moderno para o imprescindível redirecionamento de nossas práticas, valores e relações com os outros não é um ponto descolado da história e sim o desdobramento de vários momentos que a fomentaram. Este trabalho traz um rastreamento bibliográfica destes momentos, segundo linhas do tempo propostas por alguns autores que analisaram a chamada “invenção” dos Direitos Humanos, e aponta a educação escolar e social com o meio efetivo de promover e dar “sentido” a estes direitos entre os povos.
Sulu Ortamda Anodik Yükseltgenmeyle Elde Edilen Nanotüp Yapılı TiO2 Elektrotların Fotoelektrokimyasal Performansı
Authors: Özcan Levent
Published: June 2024

Levha halindeki titanyum metalinin yüzeyinde iki farklı yöntemle TiO2 oluşturulmuştur. Kullanılan ilk yöntem termal yükseltgenme ikincisi ise anodik yükseltgenmedir. Termal yükseltgenme ile TiO2 eldesi, Ti levhanın hava ortamında laboratuvar fırınında 3 saat ısıtılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anodik yükseltgenme HF içeren sulu elektrolit içerisinde 20 V sabit gerilimin Ti levhaya uygulanmasıyla yapılmıştır. Anodik yükseltgeme yöntemi ile Ti levha yüzeyinde nanotüp yapılı amorf TiO2 elde edilmektedir. Amorf yapının kristallenmesi için hava ortamında laboratuvar fırınında 3 saat ısıtma uygulanmıştır. Her iki yöntemde de elektrotlar 400, 500, 550, 600, 650 ve 700 °C’de ısıl muameleye tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen elektrotlar XRD ve SEM yöntemleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. XRD sonuçları, 500 °C’ye kadar kalsine edilen elektrotların yüzeyindeki TiO2’nin çoğunun amorf yapıda olduğunu, 600 °C ve daha yüksek sıcaklıklarda kalsine edilenlerin çok büyük oranda kristal yapıda olduğunu göstermiştir. Hazırlanan elektrotların 0,5 M Na2SO4 çözeltisinde UV ışığı altında fotoakım değerleri ölçülmüş ve fotoelektrokimyasal performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Farklı yöntemler kullanılarak ve farklı sıcaklıklarda elde edilen elektrotların performansları karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek fotoakım değeri, Ti levha yüzeyinde 20 dakikalık anodik yükseltgemeyle üretilen ve 650 °C’de kalsine edilen elektrotla (TiNT-HF-650-20dk) elde edilmiştir. Anodik yükseltgenme yöntemiyle hazırlanan nanotüp yapılı TiO2’nin UV ışığı altında elde edilen fotoakım değerinin termal yükseltgenme ile elde edilene kıyasla 1,5 kata yakın daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. 20 dakikalık kısa bir sürede anodik yükseltgenme ile sulu ortamda nanotüp yapılı olarak elde edilebilen TiO2 elektrodunun fotoelektrokimyasal performansında kayda değer bir iyileşme olduğu belirlenmiştir.
On Reverse and Generalized of Bellman Type Inequality
Authors: Alp Necmettin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this work, to obtain reverse Bellman type inequality for convex and integrable-differentiable functions after examining the previous studies on the Bellman inequality and giving the results that are a source of inspiration for us. With that we proved the generalized of Bellman type
inequality. With the help of obtained main results, we have obtained some special cases on convex and integrable-differentiable functions. For convexity we have also included some examples to make these exercises more understandable. On the other hand, we have expressed with examples
to obtain a lower bound for hard integrals.
Lesen, Schreiben, Sehen, Zeichnen, Erzählen... und darüber ins Gespräch kommen - in der Lern- und Forschungswerkstatt Grundschule an der TU Dresden
Authors: Hoffmann Jeanette , Herrmann Franziska , Schweda Martin
Published: June 2024

Werkstätten können besondere Lern- und Arbeitsorte für Kinder und Erwachsene sein und besitzen auch heute noch, 120 Jahre nach der Gründung des ersten „Laboratoriums des Lernens“ durch John Dewey, Potenzial zur Innovation. Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in konzeptionelle Gedanken und die Praxis der (noch sehr jungen) Lern- und Forschungswerkstatt Grundschule der Technischen Universität Dresden und spannt dabei den Bogen von den Anfängen in den Neunziger Jahren bis in die Gegenwart. Ausgehend von begrifflichen Annäherungen zum Namen werden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Entwicklungen konzeptionelle Perspektiven entfaltet, die die Lernund Forschungswerkstatt insbesondere aus deutschdidaktischer Sicht zeigen. (DIPF/Orig.)
The number of fishing cats in the Godavari Delta, India, suggests they can coexist with humans
Authors: Shameer hekke Thumbath , Shankar Anant , Salaria Nandani , Sanil Raveendranathanpillai
Published: June 2024

Anthropogenic activities have significantly disrupted natural habitats, driving many species to the brink of extinction. While concerted conservation efforts and habitat restoration initiatives have successfully rescued several species from the brink, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of the population and distribution of numerous species. Among these are small carnivores, characterized by their elusive and nocturnal behaviour, complicating population monitoring efforts. One such species is the fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), which is vulnerable per the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). The Godavari delta, a prominent mangrove ecosystem along the Andhra Pradesh coastline in India, is one of the prime habitats for this cat. Using camera traps, we monitored fishing cats in the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) and adjacent mangrove vegetation in the Godavari Delta. We placed 52 camera traps in 2 × 2 km2 grids at 52 sites for 30 days and used spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models to estimate population density based on individual identification. The analysis reveals that the population density in the CWS is 0.40 ± 0.06 individuals per km2 and 0.37 ± 0.06 in the surrounding areas, with an estimated total population of 114.94 individuals (95% CI = 103.67–126.21). Our study identifies the Godavari Delta as a potential landscape for the long-term conservation of fishing cats. Continuous monitoring is essential to understand this species’ population dynamics and discern the factors influencing its adaptation to human-dominated environments in the adjoining areas.
Effects of Context Cues on Chinese Consumer Cross-Border Purchase Intention: General vs. Low-Carbon Korean Goods
Authors:   Korea Trade Research Association, Chen Wang Chen Wang , An Qin Rui , Ran Zhang Ran Zhang
Published: June 2024

Purpose - Previous research has emphasized but not empirically investigated the precise effects of cross-border online shopping context cues and overall consumer perception on consumer cross-border purchase intention (CBPI). To address the gap, based on an S-O-R model and valence framework, this study investigates the structural relationship of online context cues →overall consumer perception → consumer CBPI.
Design/Methodology - This study conducts a questionnaire study with 308 Chinese participants to test the all hypotheses.
Findings - This study reveals that four context cues have positive effects on overall consumer perceived value and increases CBPI. On the contrary, four context cues have negative effects on overall consumer perceived uncertainty, which discourages CBPI for Korean goods. In addition, there is also a significant difference between the general and low-carbon goods shopping process in context cues → overall consumer perception relationship.
Originality/value - This study focuses on online shopping context cues to elucidate Chinese consumer information processes for the CBEC marketing mix as a key to improving overall perception and CBPI. In addition, as the moderating role of good type addresses the significant different information process in general and low-carbon goods on overall consumer perception formation, this study scrutinizes how context cue effects are shaped by goods type.
A Review on Water Security in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: Calling for Ensuring Sustainability
Authors: Akram Wasim , Niyommaneerat Wilailuk , Phetrak Athit , Kittipongvises Suthirat
Published: June 2024

Dhaka is currently facing a number of significant challenges, and one of them is the protection of water resources. The city is experiencing rapid depletion of groundwater as well as substantial pollution of its surface water. This article aims to highlight a review of the literature on the challenges of water security in Dhaka. The sustainability issues of water resources were elaborated in terms of management, quantity, and quality aspects. Having reviewed, it has been found that groundwater is depleting drastically over the years, which may have environmental, economic, and social consequences in the near future. Due to the rapid depletion of ground-water, land subsidence, increased cost of groundwater abstraction, shortage of drinking water, and social unrest were categorized as high-risk factors. In addition, the water quality of the surrounding rivers has been mostly categorized as ‘poor’ and ‘very poor’ according to the Weighted Arithmetic Index (WAI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) techniques. Therefore, ensuring the sustainability of water resources is an urgent call.
Alstonia Scholaris Fruit Biomass, a Novel Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Abdullah Baba Aasif , Kumar Das Ajit , Gupta Abhik
Published: June 2024

The biosorption of lead (Pb) ions on Alstonia scholaris fruit biomass was investigated in batch and column experiments in an aqueous solution, emphasising the possible binding mechanism of Pb ions on the fruit biomass. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on parameters like adsorbent dose, initial Pb ion concentration, contact time, and pH. No impact was found on Pb adsorption during competitive adsorption. The results suggested that the fruit biomass could remove more than 97% of Pb ions from the aqueous solution. The Freundlich isotherm model best explained the obtained results. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the A. scholaris fruit biomass was 50 mg g-1. The reaction rate was fast initially with most Pb adsorption taking place during the first 80 minutes, while the equilibrium was attained at 420 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in the surface texture of A. scholaris fruit biomass after adsorption of Pb. The biomass’s surface area was determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique. Desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and functional group modification revealed that the bonding of Pb ions on Alstonia scholaris fruit biomass involved complex mechanisms.
Szkoła i przedszkole jako miejsce wyzwań interpersonalnych dla dziecka z rodziny adopcyjnej lub zastępczej – perspektywa rodziców
Authors: Bartnikowska Urszula
Published: June 2024

W artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne założenia badań, z których wynika, że trauma wczesnodziecięca ma wpływ na tworzenie relacji. Podjęte badania miały na celu ukazanie specyfiki funkcjonowania interpersonalnego w szkole/przedszkolu dzieci z traumatycznymi doświadczeniami relacyjnymi z perspektywy rodziców adopcyjnych lub zastępczych. Celem praktycznym było rozpoznanie czynników wspierających i utrudniających rozwój interpersonalny tych dzieci. Główny problem badawczy brzmiał: z jakimi wyzwaniami interpersonalnymi mierzy się dziecko z wczesnodziecięcą traumą relacyjną uczęszczające do przedszkola/szkoły? W kolejnej części zaprezentowano metodologię. W badaniach wykorzystano podejście jakościowe. Metodami zbierania danych były wywiad fokusowy i netnografia. Materiał badawczy stanowiły wypowiedzi 21 rodziców adopcyjnych i zastępczych na temat funkcjonowania ich dziecka w szkole lub przedszkolu. W kolejnej części zostały przedstawione wyniki jakościowej analizy wypowiedzi rodziców (sekwencje tematyczne oraz wyłonione kategorie). Analiza doprowadziła do wyciągnięcia wniosków z badań. Badania potwierdziły, że pobyt w szkole/przedszkolu dziecka/ucznia z wczesnodziecięcą traumą relacyjną jest wyzwaniem dla samego dziecka, nauczycieli i rodziców. Dziecko potrzebuje dodatkowego wsparcia w tworzeniu relacji z nauczycielami i rówieśnikami. Zwykłe doświadczenia często są dla tego dziecka bardziej stresujące, więc ważne jest zrozumienie jego sytuacji, okazanie wsparcia ze strony dorosłych, moderowanie sytuacji między rówieśnikami, a czasem wręcz stworzenie innej niż tradycyjna szkoła/przedszkole przestrzeni edukacyjnej.
Dziecko – uczeń i jego potrzeby - z perspektywy nauczycielek szkół podstawowych i pedagogią Janusza Korczaka w tle
Authors: Zalewska-Bujak Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

Głównym celem artykułu jest ukazanie postrzegania dzieci - uczniów i ich potrzeb przez nauczycielki szkół podstawowych. Problemem badawczym jest pytanie dotyczące ujawnionego w świetle nauczycielskich narracji postrzegania dziecka – ucznia i jego potrzeb. Materiał badawczy zgromadzono drogą wywiadów swobodnych o charakterze jakościowym. Wywód rozpoczęto przedstawieniem wybranych ustaleń teoretycznych Janusza Korczaka. W dalszej kolejności ukazano postrzeganie dziecka – ucznia i jego potrzeb przez badane nauczycielki. Analizy wypowiedzi badanych nauczycielek ujawniły, że postrzegają one dzieci - uczniów jako obiekty do formowania i podtrzymują hierarchicznych układ nauczyciel – uczeń. Realizując potrzebę ciągłej kontroli, zewnętrznego stymulowania i ograniczając swobodę swoich podopiecznych, pozostają z dala od demokratycznej i rozwojowej wizji oddziaływań szkolnych oraz od korczakowskiego systemu antyautorytarnych oddziaływań. Mając na uwadze potrzebę praktyk nauczycielskich zgodnych z ideami humanizmu oraz poglądami Janusza Korczaka, warto w kształceniu nauczycieli (w trakcie studiów) i ich dokształcaniu (na kursach itp.) upowszechnić i zintensyfikować dbałość o rozwój ich osobowości, wspieranie samowiedzy, świadomości posiadanych doświadczeń i wzorców oraz konstruowanych na ich podstawie działań. W dalszej kolejności wzmacniać ich zdolności do przemyśliwania, projektowania i działania zgodnego ze współczesną myślą pedagogiczną zorientowaną na dziecko jako osobę aktywnie angażującą się w świat.
Menelusuri Etika Bermasyarakat: Analisis Perspektif Wahbah Al-Zuhaili dalam Kitab Al-Tafsir Al-Munir Fi Al-Aqidah, Al-Shari’ah, dan Al-Manhaj
Authors: Shohib Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Studi ini bertujuan untuk memahami pandangan Wahbah Al-Zuhaili tentang etika sosial dalam Islam, termasuk nilai-nilai, prinsip-prinsip, dan pedoman perilaku yang diperlukan untuk membangun masyarakat yang beradab dan harmonis. Melalui analisis mendalam terhadap kitab monumentalnya, "al-Tafsir al-Munir fi al-Aqidah, al-Shari'ah, dan al-Manhaj", penelitian ini untuk menguraikan pemikiran Al-Zuhaili tentang etika bermasyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah studi pustaka yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode tafsir tematik, yang merupakan suatu cara untuk menafsirkan Al-Qur’an dengan mengidentifikasi dan mengumpulkan ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan tema tertentu, kemudian menjelaskan maknanya secara terperinci serta menghubungkannya satu sama lain untuk membentuk suatu pemahaman komprehensif tentang pandangan Al-Qur’an terhadap tema tersebut. Dalam Al-Qur'an, etika bermasyarakat disampaikan secara konseptual tanpa disebutkan secara langsung. Ayat-ayat yang dianalisis oleh peneliti berdasarkan pemikiran  Wahbah al-Zuhaili dalam kitab tafsir al-Munir. Ayat-ayat yang diperinci adalah sebagai berikut: QS. An-Nisa’ 4: 36, mengenai anjuran untuk berbuat baik kepada tetangga, baik yang dekat maupun yang jauh, menurut Imam Wahbah. QS. Al-Kahf 18: 77, mengenai keutamaan menjamu tamu, diinterpretasikan oleh Imam Wahbah sebagai kewajiban bagi tuan rumah untuk memberi makan kepada tamu.QS. Al-Anfal 8: 61, menyinggung tentang anjuran perdamaian yang diinterpretasikan oleh Imam Wahbah sebagai keutamaan perdamaian, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Rasulullah dalam perjanjian Hudaibiyah. QS. An-Nisa’ 4: 1, mengenai keutamaan silaturrahmi, yang dijelaskan oleh Syekh Wahbah sebagai cara untuk mengikat tali persaudaraan. QS. An-Nur 24: 30, menekankan pentingnya menjaga pandangan dan kemaluan, yang relevan dengan bagaimana seseorang menjaga diri dalam bermasyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih mendalam tentang konsep etika sosial dalam Islam menurut pandangan Al-Zuhaili serta berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang nilai-nilai moral dan perilaku yang dianjurkan oleh Islam untuk membangun masyarakat yang adil dan sejahtera.
Domain Adaptation via Simulation Parameter and Data Perturbation for Predictive Maintenance
Authors: Fathi Kiavash , Corradini Fabio , Sadurski Marcin , Silvestri Marco , Ristin Marko , Laghaei Afrooz , Valtorta Davide , Kleinert Tobias , Van de Venn Hans Wernher
Published: June 2024

Conventional data-driven predictive maintenance (PdM) solutions learn from samples of run-to-failures (R2F) to estimate the remaining useful life of an asset. In practice, such samples are scarce or completely missing. Simulation models can be oftentimes used to generate R2F samples as a replacement. However, due to the complexity of the assets, creating realistic simulation models is tedious, or even impossible. Thus generated R2F data cannot be used to create reliable PdM models as they are highly sensitive to noises in the sensors or small deviations in system working condition. To address this, we present a new concept of simulation data generation based on supervised domain adaptation for a regression problem where the remaining useful life (RUL) or the health index (HI) of the system is predicted. Apart from input and output domain shift, given the changes in the dominant failing component and its degradation process, the function mapping sensor readings to RUL and/or HI is also prone to changes and thus is a random process itself. Therefore, we aim to generate R2F training data from different working conditions and possible failure types using parameter randomization in the simulation model. By sampling from various configurations within simulation model's parameter space, we ensure that the trained data-driven PdM model's performance is not impacted by the initial conditions and/or the changes in the degradation of the system's condition indicators. Our results indicate that the model is robust to signal reading manipulation and showcases a more spread-out feature importance across a wider range of sensor readings for making predictions. We also demonstrate its applicability on the real-world factory physical system whilst our models were mainly trained using generated data.
Prognosis of Internal Short Circuit Formation in Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Integrated Approach Using Extended Kalman Filter and Regression Model
Authors: Brancato Lorenzo , Jia Yiqi , Giglio Marco , Cadini Francesco
Published: June 2024

The global transition to electric power, aimed at mitigating climate change and addressing fuel shortages, has led to a rising usage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different fields, notably transportation. Despite their many benefits, LIBs pose a critical safety concern due to the potential for thermal runaway (TR), often triggered by spontaneous internal short circuit (ISC) formation. While extensive research on LIB fault diagnosis and prognosis exists, forecasting ISC formation in batteries remains unexplored. This paper presents a new methodology that combines the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm for real-time estimation of ISC state with an adaptive linear regressor model for forecasting remaining useful life (RUL). This approach is designed for seamless integration into actual battery management systems, offering a computationally efficient solution. Numerical validation of the framework was conducted due to the current lack of experimental data in the literature. The significance of this work lies in its contribution to ISC prognosis, providing a practical solution to enhance battery safety.
A Novel Approach for Evaluating Datasets Similarities Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Industrial PHM Context
Authors: Zaghdoudi Mohamed Aziz , Varnier Christophe , Hajri-Gabouj Sonia , Zerhouni Noureddine
Published: June 2024

In prognostics and health management (PHM), data-driven approaches are crucial for performing prognostics based on historical data, relying on the analysis of extensive datasets to identify patterns and relationships that contribute to predicting or optimizing variables. However, their efficiency is contingent upon the availability of large, high-quality datasets tailored to the specific task at hand.Yet, real-world applications frequently face challenges as data may not always be readily available due to limitations in data acquisition systems or confidentiality concerns. Paradoxically, the contemporary era witnesses an unprecedented surge in the availability of online databases across various fields. These databases offer a plethora of data that can be harnessed to develop, prototype, and test PHM solutions.This study endeavors to introduce an innovative approach for assessing the similarity between datasets, specifically tailored for prognostic and health management applications. The objective is to empower the development of PHM solutions for predefined systems without relying on data generated from the system itself, but rather by leveraging analogous datasets.To quantify the similarity between different datasets, we propose a set of criteria and sub-criteria based on the characteristics of datasets. Subsequently, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a well-established multi-criteria decision-making approach, is employed to systematically compare the importance of criteria and sub-criteria for each elementary process within the PHM cycle. This dynamic process considers the varying importance of criteria across different phases, acknowledging that a criterion may not be uniformly significant for all elementary processes. The evaluation of dataset similarity incorporates the proposed criteria and sub-criteria, utilizing a fundamental scale of importance intensity and weights assigned through AHP. This holistic approach yields a comprehensive similarity score, enabling a nuanced understanding of dataset compatibility.To exemplify the efficiency of our proposed approach, we applied it to a practical case study. The study involves assessing the similarity between a run-to-stop database of mechanical bearings and a set of online databases dedicated to the same application. Our solution facilitated the identification of criteria pertinent to the case study, the determination of criterion weights, and ultimately, the calculation of a similarity score for each database. This process proved instrumental in selecting the most similar database, showcasing the practical utility of our proposed approach in real-world PHM scenarios.
An Experiment on Anomaly Detection for Fault Vibration Signals Using Autoencoder-Based N-Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Lee YongKwan , Park Kichang
Published: June 2024

Most manufacturing facilities driven by motors generate vibration and noise representing critical symptoms against facility malfunctioning conditions in the manufacturing industry. Due to the difficulty of obtaining abnormal data from facilities in manufacturing sites, many prior researchers who have studied predicting facility faults have adopted unsupervised learning-based anomaly detection approaches. Although these approaches have a strength requiring only data on from facility normal behaviors, it is not clear that the anomalies detected by an anomaly detection model are due to the real component faults. Also, the model performance is likely to change according to the diverse abnormal conditions of the given facility. In this paper, we took an experiment with a fault vibration simulator to measure the anomaly detection performance of a one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder model with different fault conditions. In the experiment, we used four different abnormal conditions: imbalance, misalignment, looseness, and bearing faults, which are the most frequently occurring facility component failures from the rotating machineries. Data were gathered from the simulator with the IEPE(Integrated Electronics Piezo-Electric) type sensor. We proposed the N-Segmentation algorithm that performs anomaly detection in segmented frequency region according to corresponding component faults for better anomaly detection performance. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm showed about 15 times better anomaly detection rate than not applying it.
Statistical Knowledge Integration into Neural Networks: Novel Neuron Units for Bearing Prognostics
Authors: Tpioger  , Baptista Marcia
Published: June 2024

Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is a framework that assesses the health condition of complex engineering assets to ensure proper reliability, availability, and maintenance. PHM can be used to determine how long a machine can function before failure by predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Neural networks have been used for RUL prediction, but these data-driven models rely solely on data to explicitly integrate knowledge. Recently, authors have proposed physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to address this limitation. PINNs are neural networks that incorporate expert knowledge and physics in different ways (observational,inductive, and learning bias). Despite their significance, these models tend to be case-dependent and challenging to configure. In this work, we propose statistical neuron units that can be integrated into any neural network. The proposed neuron units extract features from raw data using various statistical functions. Importantly, these modules can be located in different parts of the neural network, and they can be optimized automatically by backpropagating the modules’ weights during training. In a study involving bearing degradation behavior, we compare a classical neural network with our modularversion. Our proposed RUL estimation model outperformed the baseline, with a reduction of 13% in the root mean squareerror and a reduction of 7% in the mean absolute error. We also observe an increase of 40% and 21% for the α − λ accuracy metric for an α equal to 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. Our code is available publicly on Github.
Transfer Learning-based Adaptive Diagnosis for Power Plants under Varying Operating Conditions
Authors: Han Jiwoon , Kwon Daeil
Published: June 2024

Transfer learning is a method that transfers knowledge learned from a source domain to a similar target domain to improve learning. In power plants, obtaining sufficient anomaly data is difficult due to the characteristics of the systems. Transfer learning enables learning with only a small amount of data from the target domain by using a model trained in a similar domain. By applying transfer learning, models developed for one power plant can be expanded and used in other power plants where available data are limited.
Using actual data from an operating combined-cycle power plant, an anomaly diagnosis model was developed and tested. Its applicability to different operating conditions and anomaly cases was evaluated through transfer learning. The fine-tuned pre-trained model was effectively adapted with limited target domain data. Transfer learning was applied despite the limitations of data and distribution differences. The expandability of anomaly diagnosis models to different power plant systems was demonstrated by applying transfer learning.
Remaining Useful Lifetime Estimation of Bearings Operating under Time-Varying Conditions
Authors: Javanmardi Alireza , Aimiyekagbon Osarenren Kennedy , Bender Amelie , Kimotho James Kuria , Sextro Walter , Hüllermeier Eyke
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the remaining useful lifetime (RUL) estimation of bearings under dynamic, i.e., time-varying, operating conditions (OC). Unlike conventional studies that assume constant OC in bearing accelerated life tests, we introduce a dataset with time-varying OC during run-to-failure experiments, simulating real-world scenarios. We explore data-driven approaches to identify the transition point from a healthy to an unhealthy state and estimate the RUL. Additionally, we examine strategies for integrating OC information to enhance RUL estimations. These methodologies are evaluated through numerical experiments using various machine learning algorithms.
Van beschermd naar ondersteund wonen. Een visie op beschermd wonen en herstel
Authors: Koopmans Martijn , Delespaul Philippe , den Hollander Dirk , van Tuijn Artie
Published: June 2024

In 2023 publiceerden de auteurs een discussiestuk over de toekomst van het beschermd wonen met een analyse van de ontwikkelingen van de laatste jaren. Deze discussie staat mede in het kader van de instroom in de Wlz van indicaties op ggz-grondslag.1 De auteurs benoemen verschillende dilemma’s rond een herstelgerichte ontwikkeling van het beschermd wonen. Deze discussie blijft actueel. Naar aanleiding van een reactie op hun argumentering (zie bijdrage Huber & Van Vught in deze aflevering), verzocht de redactie de auteurs daarom hun stuk te updaten. Wie mengt zich verder in de discussie?
Unveiling Melodies: Navigating Issues in African Oral Literature through Nkem Okoh's Preface to Oral Literature
Authors: Anasiudu Okwudiri
Published: June 2024

The oral literature in Africa has not been taken seriously. The implication is that assertion is a fear of its death as many scholars in Africa have given it less attention. To address the gap and deepen the conversation, this study explored Nkem Okoh's Preface to Oral Literature shedding light on its perspective on the ongoing discussions about oral literature in Africa. The goal is to offer a detailed understanding and assessment of African oral literature, using this text as a case study. The analysis relies on postcolonial criticism and a qualitative research approach. Two key questions guide the research: How does Preface to Oral Literature contribute to debates on the form and nature of oral literature in Africa, especially concerning identity reclamation and anticolonialism? How does it criticize Euro-western scholars and their distorted views of Africa as a dark continent, contributing to the wider discourse on oral literature in Africa? The findings highlight challenges in the study of African oral literature, including issues related to naming, etymology, nomenclature, the fundamental nature of oral literature, discussions on aligning it with folklore, ownership and royalty dynamics, and the debate between evolutionist and relativist perspectives. The impact of Western biases on the analysis of African oral literature and challenges linked to understanding the consequences of the changing global literary landscape on the status of oral literature in Africa are also emphasized. The study recommends for further research, the need for a comparative analysis and assessment of the contemporary impact of oral literature in African societies.