bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of EGCG-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jia Lei , Zu Yuan Gang , Zhao Xiu Hua , An Zhi Gang , Sui Xiao Yu , Wang Kun Lun , Sun Xiao Li
Published: July 2011

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a principal polyphenolic, which is most abundant and active component in tea. It is considered key to these healthful qualities. However, EGCG used in clinical application which is still shortcomings of short half-life and low bioavailability. Chitosan (CS) has been widely used in pharmaceutical and medical areas, particularly for its potential in the development of controlled release drug delivery systems due to its well properties. In this study, we prepared EGCG-loaded chitosan nanoparticles by ionic polymeric method using sodium tripolyphosphate(TPP) as ionic polymeric agent successfully. Results controlled conditions (concentration of CS, 2 mg/mL; pH = 5.4; volume of TPP(0.5 mg/mL), 6.6 mL; amount of EGCG, 15 mg; ionic polymeric time, 24 h at room temperature (0.5 mL/min))volume of TPP(0.5 mg/mL), 6.6 mL; amount of EGCG, 15 mg; ionic polymeric time, 24 h at room temperature (0.5 mL/min)) for entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, mean particle size and Zeta potential, were found to be 62.3 %, 33.8 %, 141.5 ± 0.4 nm and -31.21 ± 0.54 mV, respectively, and CS-EGCG-NPS have well property of sustained release.
Digital Watermarking Technology in Information Security
Authors: Li Ying Chun , Zhao Li Fang
Published: July 2011

Watermarking technique has widely developed prospects in information protection, digital right authentication and electronic commerce. This paper describes the basic concept, character, classify of watermarking technique. The function of watermarking technique in digital information security and protection is analyzed in detail.
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio of Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Bars
Authors: Li Chun Xia , Yan Shi Lin
Published: July 2011

Based on the non-linearity stress strain relation of concrete, the cracking moment of plain flexural concrete member is established, and the flexural capacity of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars is also obtained under FRP rupture-controlled failure. To prevent FRP rupture failure upon concrete cracking, the minimum reinforcement ration should be derived from simplified calculation, which may provide some theoretic guidance on design and construction for concrete structure reinforced with FRP bars.
Analyzing Output Phase Properties of Confocal Positive-Branch Laser Resonators by Use of Hartmann-Shack Sensor
Authors: Zhang Xiang
Published: July 2011

The effect of intracavity aberrated perturbation on output mode structure properties of passive confocal unstable resonator is been experimentally researched by adopting H-S wavefront sensor and Zernike modal wavefront reconstruction on the basis of numerical simulation. Results show that intracavity tilted perturbation notablely affects outcoupled intensity distribution, and will also increase some high-order aberrations of beam phase properties. However, low-order Zernike tilt aberration is the main component when phase-tilted perturbation is introduced into the resonator. Defocus, astigmatism and coma aberration will all be brought, and also such high-order aberration included in wavefront will directly degrade output beam quality. When correction device of adaptive optics adopted for intracavity aberration correction, correction of tilted aberration should be considered firstly.
Signal Enhancement of Ultrasonic Guided Waves Using Time Reversal Technique
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Yu Jian Bo , Chen Xian Hua
Published: July 2011

Signal enhancement of ultrasonic guided waves is studied using time reversal technique. The defect in pipe is detected by activating single mode guided waves L(0,2) at the center frequency of 70 kHz. Time-reversal technique is used to further enhance the defect detection capability. A method to identify the defect is described on a finite element model. Numerical results show that the time reversal technique has the ability to evidently enhance the amplitude of damage reflected wave and improve the detection efficiency of defect.
Study of Flocs Morphology of Chitosan Coagulation Aid Treatment and Fractal Dimensions
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Cong Hai Yang , Cao Yong
Published: July 2011

Flocculation water treatment is one of the important aspects of water treatment .The aim of this work is to use PFS for treating Yellow River surface water and different molecular weights of chitosan as coagulant aid. Electron microscope was used to observe flocs morphology and study CTS coagulation aid morphological change, floc image with microscope camera system analysis, calculation of floc fractal dimension. The results show that the different molecular weights of CTS in dealing with surface raw water to play a good coagulation aid effect. Microscope and image analysis system of flocs morphology show that fractal dimension of morphology of PFS / CTS were significantly higher ,Among them，high molecular weight of CTS as coagulant aid，and fractal dimension of morphology of PFS/ CTS were 1.1026,1.5593 , low molecular weight of CTS as coagulant aid，and fractal dimension of morphology of PFS/ CTS were 1.0904,1.5440 respectively. Floc fractal dimension changes to better reflect the flocculation level and treatment effect for the establishment of floc fractal dimension number of changes in the coagulation control is provided for reference.
Photocatalytic Oxidation Desulfurization of Fuel Using Nano-TiO2 in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Zhao Ye , Hao Ying Juan , Li Fa Tang
Published: July 2011

Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized by sol-gel method and was used as photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization of fuel oil. Et3NHCl·FeCl3 was synthesized as low-viscosity ionic liquid (IL) and used as efficient extractant and oxygen in air was used as oxidant. Nano-TiO2 was analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The factors influencing the desulfurization rate of model oil such as oil ratio, the amount of titanium dioxide, the air pass into the volume and photocatalytic time. The results show that the desulfurization rate could reach 98.5% in 3h under below conditions: TiO2 amount was 0.1g/100mL, air flow was 500 ml / min and V(IL):V(oil)=1:1.
Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Bubbling Humidification Flux
Authors: Zhang Li Xi , Chen Wen Bin , Gao Shi Yuan
Published: July 2011

In this paper, basing on fundamental equations of double films and mass transfer theory, the theoretical expression of air humidification flux is deduced; according to the expression, the major factors influence the humidification flux on single hole bubbling are water temperature, air temperature, air flow rate, partial pressure of initial vapour in air, diameter of bubble, etc. High-speed camera technology is used to photograph the experiment of single hole bubbling humidifyication; according to the results of experimental measurement and photographing, the humidification flux is calculated under different diameters of sieve holes, water levels and air flow rates, and found it's related to the bubble diameter, it provides an effect method to calculate humidification flux by visual experimental data.
The Model of Super-Chen Chaotic Scheme with Oscillating Parameters under the Impulsive Control
Authors: Li Ying Kui
Published: July 2011

The control of chaotic synchronization is the kernel technology in chaos-based secure communication. Those control methods have to transmitting control signal which increase the security risks of the communication system. Attacker can reconstruct the chaotic system or estimate parameters by using the information of the chaotic system. In this paper we propose a hybrid Super Chen chaotic synchronization scheme control which contains both continuous chaotic system with oscillating parameters and discrete chaotic system. If oscillating parameters satisfyingwhen , we proved that two systems can get synchronized without control signal transmitting.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of ALDH Conserved cDNA Region from Fraxinus velutina
Authors: Zeng Fan Suo , Zhang Hui Wei , Zhan Ya Guang , Xin Ying
Published: July 2011

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent a protein superfamily of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that oxidize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The conserved sequence of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH) was amplified from Fraxinus velutina by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that the conserved sequence was 718 bp in length, which was deduced coding 229 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the deduced amino acids sequence of FvALDH shared 56.9%%-73% identity with aldehyde dehydrogenase from other plants. We examined the expression pattern of the FvALDH gene in leaf treated with NaCl stress for defferent time using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of FvALDH was increased after the first decreased, and then in a steady state with the time went on.
Security Research Based On ACI of LDAP
Authors: Liu Feng Hua , Xu Xiu
Published: July 2011

According ad grid computer by application, Grid computer security has be valued more and more. LDAP is a information catalogue, it defined customer and group just one, that can commonly shared it with machine and application program too many. This paper is defined group and user object to accomplish with the user code and legal power, thereby control that encryption and permission by C/S.
Analysis of Sound Transmission Loss through Multiple Structures Containing Foam Aluminum
Authors: Han Bao Kun , Zheng Feng Min
Published: July 2011

As a new functional material, foam aluminum is characteristic of sound absorption and vibration attenuation. A multiple structure is put forward which composed of foam aluminum and base blankets. The sound insulation performance is investigated. The method of sound transmission loss for normal wave incidence is developed. The influences of different thick foam aluminum on the multiple structures are analyzed by numerical method, also verified by experiments. The results show that experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and the thickness of foam aluminum has a great impact on the multiple structure’s sound transmission loss.
Random Vibration Simulation of a Special Truck Frame Based on FEM
Authors: Fan Qin Man , Wu Yong Hai
Published: July 2011

In allusion to a truck transmission frame, using finite element method, its modal analysis and randomly vibration simulation analysis is conducted based on ANSYS software. According to the results of modal analysis, Power Spectral Density of random vibration was carried out. Related strength and deformation parameters of the truck frame were obtained through analysis. The calculation result has important reference meanings to the frame of the design modifications and finalizing the design and trying type. The calculation method used in the paper can also be used in calculation of other random vibration system.
Experimental Studies on the Treatment of Aniline Wasterwater by Activated Carbon Fiber
Authors: Liu Bing Tao , Yang Ying Qi , Zhang Li
Published: July 2011

Activated Carbon Fiber was use to treat aniline wastewater. Influencing factors，such as pH value ，salinity were studied and dynamic conditions of concentration and flow adsorption effects were also studied. Adsorption isotherm, dynamic curves and dynamic adsorption breakthrough curve were drawn. The results indicated that the salinity of the solution will affect the adsorption results and concentration in the same circumstances, time was 9 min, pH neutral in better conditions adsorption, adsorption capacities were determined to be 72 mg/g .Under dynamic conditions，with increasing concentration and velocity, the initial penetration point ahead．
Process Optimization of Candy Production Based on Data Mining
Authors: Zhang Jia Liang , Yang Jian Guo , Shen Shou Guo , Chen Han Yan
Published: July 2011

There are complicated correlations between process parameters and quality indicators in candy manufacturing. The objective of this work is to develop an optimization system of candy production process to improve final candy quality and to increase production efficiency. The study is conducted by using an artificial neural network data mining method to obtain optimization knowledge of process parameters from large amount of saved process data. The software platform including data processing, statistic analysis, data mining and graphical display module was developed and the quality forecasting models for typical processing operations were discussed. Experiments indicated that the system can optimize and predict the quality of candy production process effectively.
Research on New Green Camouflage Pigments
Authors: Hu Zhi Yi , Chen Hong Shu
Published: July 2011

A pigment of Al2O3-CoO system has been prepared as a new green pigment for camouflage materials. The effect of the CoO content in the original mixture on the spectral reflectance of the pigment has been evaluated. The temperature condition of the pigment synthesis has been found. The pigment of Al2O3-CoO system has been modified as green camouflage pigment by ferric oxide, and the camouflage effect has also been estimated. The result shows that the pigment based on Al2O3-CoO system, as a substitute of Cr2O3, is a successful camouflage pigment.
Research on Solution and Key Technologies of Network DNC for CNC Workshop
Authors: Huang Song Bo , Yan Guang Rong
Published: July 2011

In order to improve average utilization of CNC machine tools in CNC workshop, this paper presents a network DNC solution which involves basic tools, management tools, communication and monitor tools as well as integration tool. The key technologies such as the DNC system communicated with CNC machine tools, information collection and analysis for machine tools, document management and DNC system integrated with other application system, etc. are introduced in this paper. The technologies and solution are verified in a missile institute, and the production efficiency and the production management are enhanced significantly in this institute.
UDDI Based Support System for Collaborative Product Development
Authors: Wu Qian
Published: July 2011

Aimed at the puzzle of heterogeneous system integration for collaborative product development, this paper proposed a support system for product collaborative development based on UDDI. In the paper, it explored the resource discovery and description mechanism based on UDDI, and discussed the service integration mechanism based on the extended unified description, discovery and integrated protocol. The research adopted the technologies such as SOA, Web service and so on, and finally it made a typical application example, and verified the practicability and effectiveness of the pattern and method mentioned above. And it can promote the rapidity share and high efficiency utilization of product collaborative development software system.
Design of Intelligent Residential District Service Management System Based on IOT
Authors: Zhang Song
Published: July 2011

The Internet of things can create significant lifestyle benefits via embedding a small amount of processing power into appliances. The novel design scheme of intelligent residential district system based on IOT is suggested in the paper. The intelligent residential district system topology structure and procedure of patient-centered processing are given. In the end, the development of this technology was prospected, which can create a new platform for economic growth and greatly improve our lives and serve users better.
Conceptual Modelling for Domain Ontology Using a 5W1H Six-Layer Framework
Authors: Yang Liu , Hu Zhi Gang , Long Jun , Guo Tao
Published: July 2011

Domain ontology plays an essential role in formalization and sharing of domain knowledge. However, constructing domain ontology is a labour intensive and time consuming engineering. To efficiently represent knowledge as a set of concepts and relations within domain ontology, a 5W1H method is proposed to analysis concepts and relations of it from six aspects including Who, When, Where, What, Why and How. The theory and methodology of modelling domain ontology based 5W1H is also presented in this paper. Take Expert Ontology in expert information domain for an example, six-layer framework for conceptual model of expert ontology based 5W1H is designed, and conceptual model of expert ontology is constructed, in which concepts and relations within expert ontology are defined. Application shows that the 5W1H modelling method is flexible and scalable, because it is not only able to assist ontology engineering to construct domain ontology quicker and more accurately, but also adaptable to business changes and user requirements. In addition, it is helpful to define reasoning rules for inferring knowledge and to share domain knowledge.
Numerical Analysis of Flow at Water Jacket of an Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Zhang De Zhi , Jin Ying Ai , Su De Yuan , Gao Qing
Published: July 2011

With the increasing degree of the enhancement of engine, engine cooling system design is considered particularly important. This paper used an established three-dimensional model of an engine water jacket to study, and used UDF function in the two-phase flow of the CFD, describe the mathematical model and simulation the engine at different operating conditions, and get the water jacket flow rate transfer thermal process. Finally, the results of the relationship between the engine water jacket of boiling heat transfer and flow velocity have been studied, and the importance of using two-phase flow model has been summarized.
The Application of Wind and Solar Power Generation System in the Ocean Marginal Oil Field Development
Authors: Qiu Shi Hui , Wang Qi
Published: July 2011

Facing the growing energy needs, ocean marginal fields more and more attention. But the supply is one of the constraints of ocean marginal oil field development. Therefore research and development in power supply system of local installation, low cost, easy maintenance and management, resource conservation, environmental-friendly is critical. This paper investigates the application of wind and solar energy development, as against the existing marginal oil field development project, through designing wind and solar power generation system to discuss the development of marginal oil fields in the feasibility of the application to make constructive comments.
Design and Implementation of the Reciprocating Pedal-Powered Electricity Generating Device
Authors: Xu Lin , Bai Wei Nan , Ru Jing Yu , Li Qiang , Li Jia Ming
Published: July 2011

This project is intended to design one kind of automatically reciprocating pedal-powered electricity generator (ARPPEG) in conjunction with the management and control over harvesting the kinetic energy, electricity generation, the electricity storage and the output of electricity. According to the operation testing results, this system has been proved to effective in power generation. In view of the simple structure and low-costs of this system without territory and time limits, the application of ARPPEG designed by us could open a new path to saving the energy and helping build a new energy society.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Method and Management Information System Reengineering for Solving Vendor-Managed Inventory Bottlenecks in the Notebook Computer Industry
Authors: Wang Shen Tsu , Li Meng Hua
Published: July 2011

Due to increased uncertainties in corporate demands the vendor-managed inventory method was developed; however, relevant literature indicates that the vendor managed inventory system has bottlenecks in implementation. Thus, this study applied the Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process for selecting objective attributes, and constructed a vendor managed objective hierarchy structure. Using ABC Classification, category A multi-objective attributes was selected. Dynamic multi-criteria decision analysis was used to analyze category A multi-objective attributes, as selected by different sectors in the first year. If all the objectives have quantitative attributes, multi-criteria programming was used to construct the model. Further, comparisons were conducted for the results obtained from the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm, the Particle swarm optimization method, and the modified multi-criteria planning method. Modified Data Envelopment Analysis was used for performance evaluation. ARIS (Architecture of Integrated Information System) analyzed relevant corporate process reengineering, and the decision results were incorporated into the management information system.
Heilongjiang Forestry Ecological System Construction and Security Measures
Authors: Wang Yue Fen , Chen Qu
Published: July 2011

This represented in Heilongjiang province is in the transition of the forestry ecological construction, hope to push on through the forest resources property rights reform system, strengthen the management of forest resources in science rising strength, the basis of timber production vigorously carrying out reforestation, eventually built provincial forest resources comprehensive monitoring center. And through these measure not only solve preventing sand soil and water loss, such problems, but also finish converting cropland to forest and wildlife reserves of construction, finally realizes the protection of natural forest resources, establish comparatively perfect forestry ecological system.
Application of Data Mining in Data Analysis of Tobacco Consumption
Authors: Luo Rong Liang
Published: July 2011

Development of data mining technology provides convenience for analyzing tobacco consumers’ act. Through simple introduction on contents and categories of data mining technology, the survey on tobacco consumption act of Shaoxin Tobacco Company is analyzed with association rules and data mining software Weka, and factors which affect tobacco consumption are mined on with association with Apriori Algorithm, so as to provide valuable references for brand spreading channels, product design, improvement of taste and flavor, package, price and other aspects for the tobacco company.
Combining Agent Technology with Digital Watermarking Techniques for Building Digital Right Management System
Authors: Bao Cui  Mei
Published: July 2011

This paper describes the agent technology and the concept of digital watermarking and the specific properties of watermarking techniques forced by the copyright protection applications. For digital copyrights protection in heterogeneous network environment, intelligent Agent technology is introduced to combine with digital watermarking technology. It proposes a framework model of Digital Right Management (DRM) system based on the agent technology and digital watermarking techniques and detailedly discusses functions and working principle of intelligent Digital Right Management(DRM) system.
The Pressure Behavior Regularity of Workface and Simulation Optimization Analysis of Support Type Choice
Authors: Dong Hong Kai , Zhou Hou Quan
Published: July 2011

This paper simulated mining face advancing with discrete element software UDEC to study the mining overburden strata movement and mine pressure behavior, so as to determine reasonable supporting method. According to the simulation test data, this paper also determines the range of compaction region, support active region, pressure increase region and stable pressure region, so as to prove the reasonability of the hydraulic support type, and proposes the method of support type choice by simulation techniques. Ground pressure behavior is an inevitable phenomenon during the mining process[1-3]. It is necessary to take the appropriate supporting measures to support the surrounding rock, lest endanger the safety of personnel and engineer equipments in underground workface. More laboratory studies[4][5] and scene investigation are in the existing studies, so there is a good understanding of ground pressure behavior. The numerical simulation can be made in advance when geological conditions can be determined. It can provide corresponding suggestions for the project according to ground pressure appearing regularity founded by simulation. This paper studys the overburden strata movement and ground pressure behavior, and determines reasonable support type by simulation optimization with discrete element software[6] UDEC. And by comparing with the work field, we found evidences that the simulation optimization is feasible. with work field.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antibacterial Activity of 1D Chain Ca(II) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Tai Xi Shi
Published: July 2011

1D chain Ca(II) coordination polymer was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, The results of crystal structure show that each Ca(II) ion forms eight-coordinated and the complex formed one dimensional chain structure by the oxygen atoms of carboxylate and water bridged. The antibacterial activity of the Ca(II) coordination polymer and the ligand were tested, the results show that the complex show considerable antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus white.
Effect of Fumed Titanium Oxide on Thermal Stability of Nano-Silica Thermal Insulating Composites
Authors: Feng Jin Peng , Chen De Ping , Ni Wen , Ma Shao Jian , Yang Jin Lin , Mo Wei
Published: July 2011

This work investigated the effects of fumed titanium oxide on thermal stability of nano-silica thermal insulating composites prepared by dry process. The results showed that the composites could keep excellent thermal stability at the temperatures below 800°C. However, when the samples were used at higher temperatures (>800°C), the volume shrinkage increased sharply, which directly led to a serious deformation and then affected thermal insulating properties in applications. The utilization of fumed titanium oxide could significantly improve thermal stability of the composites. When 10wt% fumed titanium oxide was added, the service temperature can increase from 800°C to 900°C. The desirable results would be achieved by adjusting the amount of additives according to practical using temperature. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the microstructure and phase transformations of the composites treated at different temperatures.
Experimental Study of Softening and Melting Properties on Indonesia Vanadium-Titanium Sinters
Authors: Gao Qiang Jian , Wei Guo , Mu Lin , Du Gang , Shen Feng Man
Published: July 2011

As a raw material, Indonesia vanadium-titanium sinters are being applied to the blast furnace process for iron making in the typical iron and steel plant. In order to keep the health running of blast furnace process, in this work we have investigated the softening and melting properties of Indonesia vanadium-titanium sinters. We found that the content of vanadium-titanium magnetite in sinter is correlated with the softening and melting ranges for those sinters considered here. With the increasing of the vanadium-titanium magnetite in sinter, the starting softening temperature increases gradually and the final softening temperature increases as well, thereby the softening range becomes narrow. Both starting and final melting temperatures begin to ascent, and the variation of melting range is not obvious. In addition, we also found that the coke is wetted by the molten slag and iron. From the viewpoint of blast furnace process, the softening and melting zone has to move downward. In this zone of blast furnace the contact area of solid-liquid phase will get larger because of the close contract among the molten slag, iron and coke. On one hand, this kind of behavior can definitely speed up the reduction of iron oxide. On the other hand, it simultaneously worse the ventilation properties and affect the normal running of air flow, because a lot of iron and slag can not be got smoothly into the hearth through coke layer.
Resistance Matrix of Micro-Carbon Steel Rolled in Ferrite Region
Authors: Liu Zhan Ying , Chen Jin , Wang Yu Qian
Published: July 2011

This paper is written to discuss the Gleeble simulation experiment of micro-carbon steel rolled in ferrite region. By measuring the resistances under different rolling temperatures, rolling speeds and rolling deformation, the matrix of micro-carbon steel is established, after that, the matrix is also regressed and the result proves that the accordance of the matrix is good. This show the matrix established can be used to calculate the rolling parameters of micro-carbon steel.
A Numerical Approach for the Simulation of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Yang Wei Guo , Wang Yao Feng , Guo Z.Q.
Published: July 2011

Cementitious material can be considered consisting of particulate elements on the levels of the microstructure and mesostructure. HADES is a concurrent algorithm-based program, designed to simulate the mixing or flow of granular material encompassed arbitrary particle shapes. In this paper, a specific technology is employed to generate the single aggregate particle of arbitrary shape in HADES. Then with the HADES toolbox materials structure can be formed. Based on these work, concrete is taken as an example of a typical cementitious material. With the simulated meso-structure of concrete from HADES, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is enriched and a special tool is employed for the meshing of aggregates, cement paste and ITZ. After that finite element method is used for the analysis of stress and strain within the meso-structure. The calculation results show that the approach to simulate cementitious material, of HADES packing, then meshing and finally finite elements analysis, is feasible and effective and the numerical prediction of elastic modulus of concrete consisting of three-phase material is in agreement with effective.
A Study on the Influence of Different Anionic Surfactants on the AFM Scanning and Imaging of SWCNTs
Authors: Xu Ke , Wu Cheng Dong , Tian Xiao Jun , Dong Zai Li
Published: July 2011

This paper proposed a preprocessing method of SWCNTs dispersion based on rinsing technology. With the assistance of SDS, SC and SDBS, this method adopted the ultrasonication oscillation technology to solve the problem of SWCNTs dispersion. In addition, it compared the effect of the three kinds of surfactants on SWCNTs dispersion under the same conditions. And AFM was applied in this experiment to scan and image the samples. The results showed that the solubility and adsorption efficiency of the surfactants had influence on the SWCNTs dispersion quality. Furthermore, the paper primarily and theoretically modeled and analyzed the experiment results from the aspect of the surfactants' hydrophilic and lipophilic structure.
The Effect of Large Reduction on the Microstructure and Properties for As-Hot Rolled Dual-Phase Nb-Bearing Steel
Authors: Zhang Hong Mei , Qiao Li Feng
Published: July 2011

The effect of reduction on the microstructure refinement and mechanical properties of the as-hot rolled dual-phase Nb-bearing steel were studied at laboratory. It is found that the dual-phase steel displays clearly classic dual phase morphology which is ferrite and martensite or bainsite, and the fine island or lath martinsite is dispersed on the matrix of ferrite by the observation of microstructure. The grain can be refined, and the increased precipitated second particles are fined and dispersed with the increasing of reduction. The mechanical properties determination result shows that the mechanical properties have greatly improved by large reduction. The tensile strength obtained in the laboratory is up to 680MPa, the ratio of yield strength and tensile strength is low, and the elongation is better.
Research On The Requirement Of Impact Toughness For Petroleum Drill Pipe Steel Used In Critical Sour Environment
Authors: Han Li Hong , Hu Feng , Wang Hang , Feng Yao Rong , Li He Lin
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the determining method of impact toughness of drill pipe steel used in critical sour environment. Leak-Before-Break fracture principle was adopted to deduce the requirement of drill pipe with different strength grades for impact toughness, which considered both factors, such as geometry size and curvature effect. The loss law of impact toughness was also experimentally measured which could act as a good supplement for Leak-Before-Break fracture principle. Statistical data revealed that this requirement of drill pipe steel for impact toughness could be fully realized through current industrial ability.
Study on Effect of Pulse Electric Field on Solidification Process of Fe-C-S Alloy Melt
Authors: Liao Zhi You , Wang Hai Chuan , Hong Peng , Li Xin , Wang Shi Jun , Li Jie
Published: July 2011

It can reduce the grain boundary segregation effectively, and improve the solidification microstructure, as well as cause the migration and redistribution of elements by adding the pulse electric field during the solidification process of the Fe-C-S alloy melt. Where, the element S migrates from the positive polarity to the negative polarity, while the migration law of the element C is reverse to that of the element S. The principal ingredient of the inclusion in solidification microstructure after treatment is FeS and a small amount of MnS, while FeS is distributed at the edge and in the centre area of the whole sample spherically.
Effect of Slag-Metal Reaction on Transformation of Al2O3 inclusions in Pipeline Steel
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Xin Hua , Li Hai Bo
Published: July 2011

For high grade pipeline steel, elimination of Al2O3 inclusions can improve the susceptibility of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In the present work, the transformation of Al2O3 inclusions with slag-metal reaction was studied by controlling ladle slag and relative technologies in LF-RH refining process. It is found that Al2O3 inclusions decrease with increasing refining time, and no pure Al2O3 inclusions exist in molten steel at the end of secondary refining; the remained inclusions in molten steel are liquid calcium aluminates and semi-liquid CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions. The analysis of thermodynamic equilibrium proves that CaO and MgO in slag can be reduced by aluminum in molten steel, which is the source of calcium and magnesium in molten steel.
Fundamental Study on Extracting Vanadium from Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite
Authors: Sun Yu , Zheng Hai Yan , Dong Jian Hong , Shen Feng Man
Published: July 2011

A new, high efficient comprehensive utilization technology with non-pollution, low energy consumption, and strong feedstock adaptability is investigated with the view to developing an efficient smelting process of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by non-BF route. It includes three major steps in this process: selective chlorination of the concentrates for extraction vanadium using industrial chloride wastes, direct reduction for producing DRI at medium temperature, and separation of hot metal from slag at elevated temperature. In this paper, it focuses on the extraction of vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination. The mechanisms of selective chlorination for extracting vanadium is discussed from the view of thermodynamics analyses and it is found that the reasonable temperature is over the temperature range of 900K~1300K if chlorine potential (logpCl2) and oxygen potential (logpO2) are controlled at a certain region (hatched region A). Furthermore, some preliminary experimental are conducted and the results show that it is possible to extract vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by selective chlorination and extraction ratio can reach up to 30% under 1100K after 2 hours calcination.
Preparation of High Silicon Steel by Pulse Electrodeposition in Molten Salt
Authors: Yang Hai Li , Tang Guo Zhang , Li Yun Gang , Li Jun Long , Hiu Yuan Ming , Zhang Yu Zhu
Published: July 2011

High silicon steel containing 6.5 wt% Si was prepared by pulse electrodepositon in KCl-NaCl-NaF-SiO2 molten salt followed by diffusion annealing. The composition, the phase and the evolution of texture during the different production step were analyzed by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the orientation distribution function (ODF). The results showed that the silicon content of the high silicon steel was about 6.5wt%. The high silicon steel was composed of a-Fe and Fe3Si. After diffusion annealing the undesirable g-ﬁbre type texture {111} <110> and {111} <112> weakened, both easy magnetization direction Goss texture ({110} <001>) and cube texture {100} <001> were intensified.
Effect of 0.06%Nb on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mn-Series Low Carbon Air-Cooling Bainitic Steels
Authors: Feng Chun , Bai Bing Zhe , Zheng Yan Kang
Published: July 2011

The effect of 0.06%Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (FGBA) / granular bainite (Bg) air-cooling bainitic steels has been investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the steel acquires superior mechanical properties by adding 0.06%Nb. Compared with Non-Nb steel, the addition of 0.06%Nb increases the tensile strength and yield strength about 37.1% (From 780MPa to 1070MPa)and 26.6%(From 557MPa to 705MPa) respectively, remaining 18.3% elongation and 97J toughness. The addition of 0.06%Nb not only promotes the nucleation of intragranular ferrite but also refines the allotriomorphic ferrite grain , both of which in turn contribute to the refinement of granular bainite cluster including its ferrite platelets and M-A islands. Under the synthetic roles of the microstructure refinement and precipitation strengthening, 148MPa yield strength improvement has been acquired in the low carbon air-cooling bainitic steel by the adding of 0.06%Nb.
Study of Reduction Characteristic on Microwave Magnetizing Roast of Hematite
Authors: Li Jie , Li Bao Wei , Wang Lei , Wang Shao Bing
Published: July 2011

In this article, the microwave magnetizing roast process of three kinds of Bayan Obo ore of different Fe-grades were studied experimentally, where microwave as the heat source and the activated charcoal as reductant. The reduction characteristics of hematite changed into magnetite by microwave magnetizing roast were studied analytically under different experimental conditions, where magnetisability and percent reduction of roasting ores as measure.It showed that under the optimum conditions of microwave roasting of hematite (the theoretical carbon content, the microwave voltage of 220V, the temperature of 650 °C and the heat preservation time of 10min), magnetisability and percent reduction of hematite were best , close to the theoretical value of 2.33 and 11.11% respectivly. And after the first weak magnetic separation of microwave roasting ores , the recovery of iron were all above 90%, which indirectly showed that the microwave reducing roasting magnetization effect were very good under the conditions. The Fe-grades of iron concentrate may achieve above 60% after the second magnetic separation ,which met the requirement of iron-making.
Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructural Evolution and Grain Refinement in a Low Carbon High Strength Microalloyed Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Mao Xing Feng , Wu Kai Ming , Yao Lian Deng , Li Zi Gang
Published: July 2011

The effects of process parameters on microstructural evolution and grain refinement are determined in a Nb-Ti microalloyed high strength dual phase steel. With the increase of cooling rate, final microstructures change from a mixture of acicular ferrite (AF)+martensite/retained austenite (M/A) to conventional bainite (CB)+M/A. Accordingly, the morphology of M/A constituent changes from an equiaxed island in AF to an elongated interlath in CB. The length and width of bainite packets become smaller with the increase of cooling rate and the decrease of deformation temperature. The length of individual bainitic ferrite plates within the packets become smaller with the increase of cooling rate and the decrease of deformation temperature, whereas the thickness of them varies slightly with them. The optimized relaxing time on grain refinement is 60 s. The reheating temperature, reduction ratio and interrupt temperature has no obvious effect on the formation of dual phase of acicular ferrite or bainite and M/A.
Study on the Influence of Inclusion and Void on Fatigue Life of Bearing Steel Using Statistics of Extreme Values
Authors: Hsu Chin Chuan , Chung Ho Hua
Published: July 2011

The maximum nonmetallic inclusion size and void of bearing steel has been analyzed using statistics of extreme values (SEV) in this study, and the influence of the maximum nonmetallic inclusion and void size on fatigue life of bearing steel has been discussed as well. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the inclusion and void size, and the identification of inclusion type has been carried out by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that there are small hard round oxides or sharp TiN inside or beside the soft MnS strip in steels, single MnS strips and small clustered Al2O3 are also present. Most of voids in steels are branched rod-like or feathery, and the size of void is much smaller than inclusion for all steels. Therefore, the void is not the fatigue orgin for bearing steels. By adopting the criterion of return period (T) at 200, a serial analysis shows that the relation between inclusion/void size and fatigue life for steels is inverse proportion except B steel. This results from that larger inclusion could not only initialize crack, but also increase the propagation path of crack and accelerate fracture.
Prepartion of Organophilic Bentonite / Paraffin Composite Phase Change Energy Storage Material with Melting Intercalation Method
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Xiao Peng , Li Dong Xu
Published: July 2011

Organophilic Bentonite / Paraffin composite phase change energy storage materials (OB/P PCM composite) were prepared by melting intercalation method. Under high temperature, no melt paraffin seep out from the PCM of organophilic bentonite/paraffin (OB/P) mass ratio is 2:1, which paraffin content is largest. Samples were tested by X ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Paraffin was well intercalated into layerd bentonite. Melting point and fussion heat of composite PCM with mass ratio2:1 are 45.7 °C and 68.7 kJ/kg, it can be added to solar energy.
Study on Sulfur Existing Form in Sinter
Authors: Zhang Yu Zhu , Hao Su Ju , Jiang Wu Feng , Long Yue
Published: July 2011

Lower sulfur content is absolutely necessary for high value-added quality steel, so it is required to reduce sulfur content of product in each link of metallurgical production. Sintering is one of important links to provide blast furnace raw materials. Study on Sulfur existing form in Sinter can provide significant theoretical guide on sulfur distribution in metallurgical production. In this paper, small sintering experiments were carried out and sinter samples with different alkalinities were prepared. The samples were characterized by mineralogical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Sulfur existing form in Sinter is calcium sulphide (CaS). CaS can not be oxidized and melted down in the following process of blast furnace iron-making and can directly enters into slag for discharge outside the furnace.
Numerical Simulation of Nozzle Clogging of Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Zhang Cai Jun , Bi Yan Lei , Zhang Hong Jie , Yang Jie
Published: July 2011

According to actual circumstance of Tang Shan ferritic stainless Steel Company, making use of some scene technology parameter and referring a lot of document data, the three-dimensional mathematical model which coupled the molten steel flow with heat transfer is established by adopting the simulation software FLUENT. The result shows: The surface flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in liquid surface centerline is appear symmetrical around the two side in ideal condition without the nozzle clogging, but the nozzle clogging show asymmetric distribution, different place and size clogging appear different flow field and temperature. The nozzle clogging of surface temperature and mold lower temperature are higher than the sides without the nozzle clogging. Nozzle clogging is disadvantage of the removal inclusion.
Study on Preparation and Characterization of YAG Ceramic Synthesized by Co-Precipitation
Authors: Chen Quan Shui , Liu Xiao Dong , Ren Guang Yuan , Liang Pan Yi , Ma Hui
Published: July 2011

Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) has a extensive applications in many fields because of its excellent properties. In this study the products synthesized by co-precipitation method is regular, and the reaction is complete, the YAG ceramic obtained is white, its density is 2.42g/cm3 and shrinkage is 7.78%. The YAG ceramic tablets were investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that the structure of YAG ceramic is loose with spherical grain size of 0.2-0.3μm. The main mineral phase of YAG ceramic is composed of polycrystalline Al5Y3O12 with good crystallinity, and containing very small amount of unreacted alumina and other impurities.
Impact Compressive Character of Balanced Angle-Ply Carbon/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Tian Chun Lei , Pi Ai Guo , Huang Feng Lei
Published: July 2011

This paper discusses the response of balanced angle-ply graphite/epoxy composite laminates subjected to different strain rate compression loading using a compression split Hopkinson’s pressure bar (SHPB) and an MTS machine. Five types of laminates, with ply angles 0°, ±15°, ±45°, ±75°and 90°were manufactured using T700 carbon fiber with epoxy resin system by hand. Samples were subjected to compression loading at different strain rates along longitudinal direction. The stress-strain curves at different strain rates were compared for each sample type. Characteristics of the curves were summarized and the causes were analyzed. Finally, the relationship between failure strength and ply angles was analyzed.
Preparation and Characterization of Zircon Ceramic Doped with Cerium
Authors: Ren Guang Yuan , Chen Quan Shui , Luo Tai An
Published: July 2011

According to the conceptual model of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) geological disposal, first, HLW is carried out solidification treatment. Radioactive nuclide was simulated by Cerium (Ce), and Ce was solidified in the zirconite ceramic, solidified bodies of zircon ceramic with Ce were prepared by sol-gel method. In this paper, the basic principle and technological process of ceramic solidification is introduced. The samples were characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM and EPMA, etc.. The results show that, the surface properties of ceramic tablet is better, and with high shrinkage after sintering, the lower compression force, the higher shrinkage of the ceramic tablet. Most of the diameter of Ceramic grains are in the range of 0.5-5 μm, existing some amorphous phase among the grains. Washing by ammonia, crystallization degree of sample is higher than without treatment, and can form crystals of (Zr,Ce) O2 and (Zr, Ce) SiO4.
Characterization and Mechanical Properties of TiN/O′-Sialon Ceramics Prepared from High Titania Slag
Authors: Jiang Tao , Xue Xiang Xin , Duan Pei Ning
Published: July 2011

TiN/O′-Sialon ceramics were prepared by pressureless sintering using high titania slag, silicon fume and bauxite chalmette as the starting materials. Phase compositions and microstructure were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The effect of TiO2 content in the staring materials on densification behavior and mechanical properties was studied. The results showed that the sintered samples consisted of O′-Sialon and TiN. O′-Sialon exhibited equiaxied morphology and the particle sizes were about 1-3μm. TiN showed fine granular morphology and most of the particle have lower size than 0.5μm. For the samples sintered at 1500°C using raw materials containing 30wt%TiO2, bulk density, hardness and flexure strength are 3.1g/cm3, 9.2GPa and 169MPa, respectively.