bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prestige-biased social learning: current evidence and outstanding questions
Authors: Jiménez Ángel V. , Mesoudi Alex
Published: October 2018

Cultural evolution theory posits that a major factor in human ecological success is our high-fidelity and selective social learning, which permits the accumulation of valuable knowledge and skills over successive generations. Social learning needs to be selective in order to be adaptive. One way to acquire adaptive social information is by preferentially copying competent individuals within a valuable domain (success bias). However, competence within a domain is often difficult or impossible to directly assess. Almost 20 years ago, Henrich and Gil-White (H&GW) suggested that people use second-order cues of success (e.g. differential levels of attention paid to models by other social learners) as adaptive short-cuts to select models from whom to learn. This use of second-order markers of success are usually known as prestige bias. In this review, we re-visit H&GW’s proposal, examining the evidence amassed since for the adaptiveness and use of prestige bias in humans. First, we briefly outline H&GW’s theory. Second, we analyse whether prestige is associated with competence within valuable domains, which is a crucial assumption underlying the adaptiveness of prestige bias. Third, we discuss prestige cues that people use to infer success (e.g. amount of voluntary deference and attention received by models, etc.). Fourth, we examine the evidence for and against the use of prestige bias in human adults and children. Finally, we point out limitations in the current literature and present new avenues for research on prestige bias.
Sensorimotor contingency modulates breakthrough of virtual 3D objects during a breaking continuous flash suppression paradigm
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Schwartzman David J , Augusto Rafael , Seth Anil
Published: October 2018

To investigate how embodied sensorimotor interactions shape subjective visual experience, we developed a novel combination of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) within an adapted breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm. In a first experiment, participants manipulated novel virtual 3D objects, viewed through a head-mounted display, using three interlocking cogs. This setup allowed us to manipulate the sensorimotor contingencies governing interactions with virtual objects, while characterising the effects on subjective visual experience by measuring breakthrough times from bCFS. We contrasted the effects of the congruency (veridical versus reversed sensorimotor coupling) and contingency (live versus replayed interactions) using a motion discrimination task. The results showed that the contingency but not congruency of sensorimotor coupling affected breakthrough times, with live interactions displaying faster breakthrough times. In a second experiment, we investigated how the contingency of sensorimotor interactions affected object category discrimination within a more naturalistic setting, using a motion tracker that allowed object interactions with increased degrees of freedom. We again found that breakthrough times were faster for live compared to replayed interactions (contingency effect). Together, these data demonstrate that bCFS breakthrough times for unfamiliar 3D virtual objects are modulated by the contingency of the dynamic causal coupling between actions and their visual consequences, in line with theories of perception that emphasise the influence of sensorimotor contingencies on visual experience. The combination of VR/AR and motion tracking technologies with bCFS provides a novel methodology extending the use of binocular suppression paradigms into more dynamic and realistic sensorimotor environments.
Effective Green Alliances: An analysis of how environmental nongovernmental organizations affect corporate sustainability programs
Authors: Lee Maggie Ka Ka
Published: October 2018

While corporate sustainability is attaining more spotlight, the role environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) play in corporate sustainability programs (CSPs) continues to be ambivalent. Some ENGOs take on policing roles towards CSPs, whereas others form “Green Alliances” with corporations to enhance their CSPs. This paper takes a deep dive into CSPs, ENGOs, and communication problems associated with CSPs, namely, reporting inadequacies and greenwashing. Potential angles from which ENGOs can help foster or enhance corporate sustainability are then identified and examined.This empirical study examines several factors to improve corporate sustainability through partnerships with ENGOs. From the survey results, the top areas in which ENGOs can influence CSPs are determined—these include external value creation and the identification and monitoring of corporate negative environmental impact. There is evidence found in support of a correlation between trust in ENGOs and the perceived effectiveness of Green Alliances.
Asuntos para considerar en el fortalecimiento de la estructura impositiva y tributaria rural frente a los usos y disposición del suelo territorial en Colombia
Authors: Urrego Estrada Gleidy Alexandra , Gutiérrez Ossa Jahir Alexander
Published: October 2018

El artículo aborda asuntos que son pertinentes considerar en el fortalecimiento de la estructura impositiva y tributaria rural en Colombia, y que están en el marco de la gestión de ingresos propios municipales, mediante la consideración de prácticas de tributación que van desde la consolidación de la información catastral hasta equilibrar el valor tributario e impositivo de la tierra de las pequeñas parcelas y lo grandes latifundios. La estrategia metodológica empelada fue de tipo documental-descriptiva. Los principales resultados se enfocaron en el perfil fiscal, impositivo y de las rentas del suelo rural que orienta el análisis a saber. El Estado local debe resolver el papel tributario del área rural, de paso, fortalecer la hacienda pública municipal de cara al saneamiento fiscal, para finalmente, perfilar la sostenibilidad financiera como deber territorial. Como principal conclusión abarca la indefinición que existe sobre estos temas de renta del suelo especialmente el rural, además de tener en serias dificultades a los entes territoriales, los ubica en un marco de incapacidad fiscal territorial a la hora de ratificar dicha apuesta.
Determination of Free-to-Grow Stages for Natural Mixed Brutian Pine-Anatolian Black Pine Stands
Authors: ÇATAL Yılmaz , GÜZEL Babür , GENÇ Musa
Published: October 2018

Karışık meşcereler
ülkemiz ormancılığı için önemli meşcere yapılarıdır. Ülkemizde karışık
meşcereler çoğunlukla verimli ormanlardır ve verimli ormanlarının üçte birini
oluşturmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte, bu meşcerelerde ormancılar tarafından
yapılan gençleştirme çalışmaları saf meşcereler kadar başarılı değildir. Kızılçam
(Pinus brutia Ten.) ile Anadolu
karaçamı [Pinus nigra subsp.
pallasiana
(Lamb.) Holmboe] doğal karışık meşcereleri Toros dağlarında ekonomik ve
biyolojik çeşitlilik bakımından önemli karışımlardır. Anadolu karaçamı ışık
isteyen bir ağaç türü olması yanı sıra gençlikte gölgeli ortam tercih
etmektedir.  Kızılçam, meşcere de her
durumda ışık isteği yüksek olan ağaç türlerinden birisidir. Bu yüzden kızılçam
ve Anadolu karaçamı karışık meşcereleri aynı yılda gençleştirilememektedir. Bu
çalışma ile kızılçam ve Anadolu karaçamı karışık meşcerelerinde ağaç türlerinin
biyolojik bağımsızlığa ulaşma yaşları tespit edilerek, uygun gençleştirme
yönteminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Isparta Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü
alanlarında, değişik özellikte meşcere kuruluşuna sahip karışık meşcerelerden 20
örnek alan ölçülmüştür. 300 kızılçam ve 300 Anadolu karaçamı olmak üzere toplam
600 ağaçta biyolojik bağımsızlığa (50, 75 ve 100 cm boya) ulaşma yaşı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, kızılçam bireyleri 50 ve 100 cm boya 5 ve 11 yılda, Anadolu karaçamı
bireyleri ise 9 ve 13 yılda ulaşmaktadır. Ayrıca 80 cm boya ortalama ulaşma
süresi kızılçamda 8, Anadolu karaçamında ise 10 yıldır. Kızılçam-Anadolu
karaçamı karışık meşcerelerinde gerçekleştirilecek doğal gençleştirme
çalışmalarında, Anadolu karaçamına kızılçama göre 2 yıl yaş-boy üstünlüğü
vermek, kararlaştırılan meşcere kuruluşlarının tesisine yardımcı olacaktır.
ORMAN YANGINLARIYLA MÜCADELE HARCAMALARININ ANALİZİ: KAHRAMANMARAŞ ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Eker Ömer , ABDURRAHMANOĞLU Durdu Mehmet
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
Kahramanmaraş Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nde 2013-2017 yıllarında orman yangınları
ile mücadele kapsamında gerçekleştirilen harcamaları irdelemektir. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda ilk olarak orman yangınları ile mücadeleye ilişkin harcama
çeşitleri belirlenmiş ve 4 grupta kategorize edilmiştir: i) yangın işçilerine
ait harcamalar, ii) yangın söndürme iş makinelerine ait harcamalar, iii) yangın
söndürme helikopterine ait harcamalar, iv) yangından zarar gören orman
alanlarının yeniden ağaçlandırılmasına ait harcamalar. Ardından bu 4 harcama
grubunun yıllar itibariyle düzeyleri ve yıllık orman yangınları ile mücadele toplam
harcamaları içindeki payları belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, araştırma dönemi bir
bütün olarak göz önüne alınmış ve 2017 yılı itibariyle orman yangınları ile
mücadelenin Kahramanmaraş Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’ne mal oluş değeri (maliyeti)
hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada materyal
olarak orman amenajman planları ve haritaları, yangın sicil fişleri ve işletme
muhasebe kayıtları gibi bölgesel kapsamlı veriler ile konuyla ilgili bilimsel çalışmalardan
yararlanılmıştır. Belirlenen harcama grupları yüzde, grafik ve tablolaştırma
teknikleri ile betimlenmiş, bugünkü değerlerini belirlemek için ise Yurt İçi Üretici Fiyat
Endeksi ve ormancılık cüzi faizi temel alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak 5 yıllık
süreçte orman yangınları ile mücadelenin Kahramanmaraş Orman Bölge
Müdürlüğü’ne maliyeti 174.361.893
TL olarak tahmin edilmiş, bu harcamanın %32’si yangın söndürme helikopterine, %29’u
yangınla mücadele eden personele, %21’i yangından zarar gören orman
arazilerinin ağaçlandırılmasına ve %18’i yangın söndürme iş makinelerine ayrıldığı
belirlenmiştir.
HAVZA ÖLÇEĞİNDE BAZI EKOHİDROLOJİK KARAKTERİSTİKLER İLE ARAZİ KULLANIM İLİŞKİLERİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI (Bertiz Çayı Yağış Havzası Örneği)
Authors: REİS Ahmet , DINDAROGLU Turgay
Published: October 2018

Doğal
ekosistemlerin yapı ve fonksiyonlarının araştırılması ve birbirleriyle olan
ilişkilerin ortaya konulması sürdürülebilir planlama ve yönetim için gerekli
temel verilerin elde edilmesinde önemli bir aşamadır.  Bu araştırma Bertiz Çayı havzasında dere
akımları üzerinde etkili olan bazı fizyoğrafik, toprak ve hidrolojik
özellikleri ile farklı arazi kullanımları arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak
amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma alanı Kahramanmaraş ili sınırları içerisinde
yer alan Bertiz Çayı havzasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında alanının fizyoğrafik
karakteristikleri (eğim, bakı, yükselti), bazı toprak özellikleri (tekstür, pH,
hacim ağırlığı, su tutma kapasitesi, tane yoğunluğu, permeabilite, kolloid-nem
ekivalanı, dispersiyon oranı ve boşluk hacmi) ve bazı hidrolojik özellikleri
(form katsayısı, dairesellik oranı, uzunlaşma oranı, dere sıklığı, drenaj yoğunluğu
ve hipsometrik eğri) ortaya konulmuştur.

Havzasının ortalama yüksekliği 1563 m ve ortalama eğimi % 23,5
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bertiz Çayı Yağış Havzasının % 42,95’i orman, % 34,85’i
tarım ve % 22,20’si mera arazisidir. Erozyon eğilim
indeksi olarak dispersiyon oranı ve kolloid/nem ekivalanı değerleri her üç
arazi kullanım şeklinde de sınır değerlerin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Havza toprakları genel olarak erozyona duyarlıdır. Bu durum yarı kurak iklim tipine sahip alanda,
olumsuz fizyoğrafik özelliklerle beraber bitki örtüsünün çok zayıf karakterde
olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Hidrolojik özellik olarak araştırma alanı için form katsayısı 0,42 ve dairesellik oranı 0,41 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Alanda
bulunan 1557 adet derenin sıklık değeri 5,01 ve drenaj yoğunluğu ise 2,37 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanı
içerisindeki drenaj yoğunluğu
havzada oluşabilecek ani akımları kısa sürede deşarj edebilecek yeterlilikte
olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Akarsuların aşındırma güç ve kabiliyetleri oldukça fazladır. Havzadaki sediment taşınımını engellemek ve topraktaki
erozyon duyarlılığını azaltmak için mevcut bozuk ormanlar rehabilite edilmeli,
optimal arazi kullanım planları hazırlanmalı ve yanlış arazi kullanımlarına
izin verilmemelidir.
Framing “the Public Interest”: Comparing Public Lobbying Campaigns in Four European States
Authors: Ihlen Oyvind , Raknes Ketil , Somerville Ian , Valentini Chiara , Stachel Charlotte , Lock Irina , Davidson Scott , Seele Peter
Published: October 2018

How do lobbyists get their way and what is the consequence for democracy of their strategies? It is frequently asserted that lobbyists appeal to the public interest to strengthen their proposals. This paper empirically corroborates this claim through four case studies cutting across different European cultural clusters and political systems. The paper unpacks how businesses communicatively construct a link between their private interest and the public interest. The findings illustrate the flexibility of the public interest argument and hence also the potential problem. If everything can be made out to be in the public interest, the concept becomes empty and easy to capture for special interests. At the same time, unpacking the communicative construction helps in critically evaluating lobbyists’ claims of working in the public interest.
Examining the Case of DICK’s Sporting Goods: Realignment of Stakeholders through Corporate Social Advocacy
Authors: Gaither Barbara Miller , Austin Lucinda , Collins Morgan
Published: October 2018

This study examined corporate social advocacy and political activism through the case of DICK’s Sporting Goods and the company’s recent stance on gun control reform. Themes related to stakeholders, corporate values, and activism versus advocacy were explored through an interview with DICK’s President, documentation including an interview with DICK’s CEO and statements from the company, and a social media content analysis of 3,000 public tweets to DICK’s in the wake of the announcement. Findings revealed that DICK’s actions extended beyond corporate social advocacy into corporate political activism, partly driven by secondary stakeholders. This action created an opportunity for DICK’s to redefine and realign stakeholders while making corporate values clearer to these stakeholder groups.
Tweeting a Social Movement: Black Lives Matter and its use of Twitter to Share Information, Build Community, and Promote Action
Authors: Edrington Candice LaShara , Lee Nicole
Published: October 2018

Public relations research has gradually incorporated the study of advocacy organizations. However, little research has focused on social movements in particular. Through a content analysis of all public tweets sent by Black Lives Matter (BLM) over a four-year period, this study examined the message strategies used on Twitter by the social movement as a means to share information, build community, and promote action. Consistent with research on other types of organizations, informational messages proved to be the most common. The study also analyzed the influence that these strategies had on audience engagement in terms of replies and retweets. Findings suggest that community building messages garner the most retweets but no significant differences were found in terms of replies.
Basics of contract theory (Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2016 - Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström)
Authors: Izmalkov S. , Sonin K.
Published: October 2018

The 2016 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström “for their contributions to contract theory”. In their papers, they have demonstrated that strategic analysis of environments with asymmetric information might be very fruitful in providing answers to many natural economic questions: How should firms reward their managers? Why insurance contracts often include deductibles and co-payments? When do firms outsource and when do they prefer in-house production? In its brief exposition, the paper starts with the basics of contract theory and discusses some most important results of 2016 laureates.
Econometric estimation of the impact of oil prices shock on the Russian economy in VECM model
Authors: Polbin A.
Published: October 2018

The paper estimates terms of trade shock influence on the Russian output, gross investment and consumption using VECM model with exogenous variables. As a proxy for terms of trade we use oil prices. Empirical results demonstrate that a permanent oil price increase led to a short-run economic boom followed by a negative contribution to economic growth.
The odyssey of inflation targeting: To new challenges of monetary policy
Authors: Moiseev S.
Published: October 2018

What has happened to inflation targeting after a quarter of the century? The popular regime of monetary policy has experienced considerable changes. Central banks of developed economies received the double mandate; there were elements of monetary targeting, there was departure from an interest rate as the main instrument of monetary policy; innovations in communication policy are devoted to the disclosure of the forecast of future interest rate and alternative inflation estimates. There are deviations of the actual inflation from an inflation target, de facto moving from inflation targeting to hybrid regimes, and manipulation of inflation target in developing economies.
On the limits of the possibility of inflation targeting
Authors: Korishchenko K. , Pilnik N.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to identify the main determinants of consumer price growth in the Russian economy. To achieve this goal, the degree of influence on inflation of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia, tariff regulation and ruble exchange rate has been determined in the course of the work. The econometric model of inflation formation is used as a research tool depending on the dynamics of the main factors. The article explores the reasons for the significant growth in the volatility of the dollar and, as a consequence, its impact on consumer inflation. According to the presented model, the main volatility generators are the volatility of oil prices and the policy regime of exchange rate management.
Is technological change a devourer of jobs?
Authors: Kapeliushnikov R.
Published: October 2018

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.
Fiscal rules as an instrument of balanced budget policy
Authors: Kudrin A. , Sokolov I.
Published: October 2018

In the article the authors attempt to understand the extent to which fiscal rules that were applied earlier in Russia and are in force at the present time are systemic and balanced, which requirements must be met by an effective fiscal rule in current conditions. So, according to the authors, fiscal rules should allow to adapt the budget to the requirements of financing structural changes in the economy and to maintain control over long-term budgetary sustainability. However, the new fiscal rules, introduced in July 2017, imposing excessively tight restrictions on the volume of federal budget expenditures, will not allow to provide the necessary amount of expenditures for economic development and financing of structural reforms. In this regard, a consistent transformation of the current version of fiscal rules to the framework on the basis of a zero structural balance is justified. The preparation of federal budget, balanced on a cyclical basis, can provide a relatively stable level of expenditure, regardless of the volatility of oil prices and the economic cycle, thereby realizing the countercyclical nature of fiscal policy and reducing the budget vulnerability to internal and external shocks. The effectiveness of the proposed fiscal rule is verified through modeling on data for 2007-2016. In particular, if we had used the proposed rule starting from the second half of the 2000s, it would have been possible to curb the growth of federal budget expenditures that began with the anti-crisis measures of 2009, halve the level of public debt and accumulate sovereign reserves in the amount of up to 25% of GDP. At the same time, the proposed rule requires high quality of macroeconomic and budgetary forecasting.
Investment Processesand the Russian Economy Restructuring
Authors: Zamaraev B. , Marshova T.
Published: October 2018

The article analyzes investment processes and the resulting structural changes in the production potential of Russian industry and the gross value added of the national economy in 2004-2015. The major tendencies, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these changes have been estimated. The influence of the 2014-2016 recession on the capacity utilization characteristics has been studied. It has been shown that the formation of the industrial branch structure of industrial capacities, investments and value added depended largely on the Russian economic reproduction model based on raw materials export.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investmenton Export Activity of Russian Firms: the Size Matters
Authors: Kadochnikov S. , Fedyunina A.
Published: October 2018

The paper assesses the impact of FDI spillovers on the propensity to export for Russian firms in manufacturing industries. It conjectures that the effects of FDI spillovers on export propensity are higher for small and medium sized enter- pises than for large firms. In 2014-2016, there has been observed an increasing propensity of export for Russian firms. Estimates show that spillovers were most significant in 2015 when a positive effect of currency devaluation was observed.
The strategy of russia’s economic development:from reference to referent (On the book by L. P. Evstigneeva and R. N. Evstigneev “The strategy of Russia’s economic development: a theoretical aspect”)
Authors: Yerznkyan B.
Published: October 2018

Based on a brief review of the book “The strategy of Russia’s economic development: A theoretical aspect” by L. P. Evstigneeva and R. N. Evstigneev, the author introduces the reader to its basic ideas and shares with him/her his thoughts. The key idea is the economic synergy (or symbol in the language of semiotics), the essence of which (reference) is disclosed in detail in the book; the emphasis is not just on the new paradigm, adequate to humanitarian civilization (referent), but also on the ability to ensure the transition from the reference to the referent.
The lessons of stabilization and prospects of growth:Russia’s economic policy in 2016
Authors: Mau V.
Published: October 2018

Economic growth is the key challenge at the political agenda of the leading countries including Russia. This papers discusses existing hypotheses of “secular stagnation” and “productivity paradox” - demand side problems (cyclical factors); special features of technological innovations (technological factors); anti-crisis policy preventing “creative destruction” (political factors); irrelevance of GDP measurement (statistical problems). Limits of growth contribute to a new global policy trend - emerging of populism, and the paper discusses the prospects of transformation of political populism to economic one. Global challenges provide the basis for further analysis of Russian economic development, and particularly the results of 2015-2016 anti-crisis policy, which helped the national economy to adapt to new economic realities of the post-crisis world.
Monetary policy regimes in Russia: Guidelines for furtherquantitative studies
Authors: Pestova A.
Published: October 2018

This paper analyzes the basic parameters of monetary policy in 2000-2015 in Russia. We provide the overview of tools and objectives of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and identify the periods of homogeneity of monetary policy regimes: from money base targeting to exchange rate targeting and finally, to interest rates policy. On the basis of this research we develop the recommendations for further quantitative research aimed at estimation of monetary policy effects in Russia.
Upheaval in the distribution of power in the world economy: Problems and outlook of the world economy to 2050
Authors: Klinov V.
Published: October 2018

Causes of upheaval in the distribution of power among large advanced and emerging market economies in the XXI century, especially in industry output and international trade, are a topic of the paper. Problems of employment, financialization and income distribution inequality as consequences of globalization are identified as the most important. Causes of the depressed state of the EU and the eurozone are presented in a detailed review. In this content, PwC forecast of changes in the world economy by 2050, to the author’s view, optimistically provides for wise and diligent economic policy.
Foreign experience of development under embargoand implications for the Crimea
Authors: Rozinskaya N.
Published: October 2018

The article analyzes the experience of Northern Cyprus in developing its economy and particularly its export potential under international sanctions. It is concluded that the status of the non-recognized territory is not an unbreakable obstacle for the economic growth and preserving international competitiveness. Such a status seriously undermines the export of goods, but allows the export of services, i.e. attracting foreign tourists and students. The author proposes to use practical measures undertaken by Northern Cyprus in order to contribute to export of services in the interests of the Russian Crimea development.
Fiscal maneuver and restructuring the Russian economy
Authors: Kudrin A. , Sokolov I.
Published: October 2018

The paper discusses fiscal policy parameters for the period through 2024. The suggested way to ensure long-term fiscal stability is stabilization of both the general government revenues and expenditure in percent of GDP at levels differing by the public debt service payments, and then applying a new version of the fiscal rule. Redistribution of fiscal spending from “unproductive” to “productive” areas (primarily investment in human and physical capital) is considered as a way to boost economic growth. Possible use of additional spending on education, public health, and transport system is presented, as well as optimization of expenditures in “nonproductive” areas.
On state regulation of the oil and gas complex
Authors: Trofimov S. E.
Published: October 2018

The article analyzes the issues of enhancement of the state regulation mechanism of Russian oil and gas complex, determines the tasks and reveals the main shortcomings of its functioning. The method of calculating rentals as an instrument of state regulation that promotes the increase in efficiency of subsoil use and economically sustainable development of Russian oil and gas complex is proposed.
The impact of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth and the structure ofthe regional economy
Authors: Mikhaylova A. A. , Klimanov V. V. , Safina A. I.
Published: October 2018

The article studies the influence of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth in Russia. With the help of econometric models, the authors show that the Russian practice testifies to the influence of certain types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth; in addition, the hypothesis about the effects of transfers for specific purposes on the transformation of the regional economy structure is confirmed. In particular, this conclusion is put forward by the example of the industry “Agriculture, hunting and forestry”.
Analysis of relations in the state sector of Russian public procurement
Authors: Anchishkina O. V.
Published: October 2018

The paper deals with a special sector of public procurement — G2G, in which state organizations act as both customers and suppliers. The analysis shows the convergence between contractual and administrative relations and risks of transferring the negative factors, responsible for market failures, into the administrative system, as well as the changing nature of the state organization. Budget losses in the sector G2G are revealed and estimated. There are doubts, whether the current practice of substitution of market-based instruments for administrative requirements is able to maintain integrity of public procurement in the situation of growing strategic challenges. Measures are proposed for the adjustment and privatization of contractual relations.
The decline of neo-liberalism (to the 200th birth anniversary of Karl Marx)
Authors: Buzgalin A. V.
Published: October 2018

The author proves that the decline of neo-liberalism and the growth of a new conservative wave are objectively conditioned. The prevailing model of late capitalism that has led to the domination of the market of simulacra, financialization and stagnation, called the ‘new normality’, cannot ensure the progress of the productive forces that are on the verge of not just another technological revolution, but a qualitative change - the genesis of the economy in which a decisive role will be played not by reproductive, but by creative work. Not just re-industrialization - the coming creative revolution - necessitates at least a deep reform of the currently dominant social and economic system. The non-realization of these changes is fraught with conservative regress of both the economy and society. The article provides a substantiation of this conclusion based on the updated classical Marxist methodology and systematizes the main directions of reforming the system of economic relations that respond to the challenges of the progress of the productive forces.
Restrictions of competition: The case of Russian public procurement
Authors: Ostrovnaya M. V. , Podkolzina E. A.
Published: October 2018

Detailed fixing of contract terms allows procurers to get a service that fits their interests, but can reduce competition in auctions. We examine which combinations of conditions lead to restriction of entry in public procurement and subsequent increases in price. Using data on public procurement in Nizhny Novgorod region in 2008-2013, we show that the requirement to locate gasoline stations in different districts of the city/region most strongly limits the attractiveness of procurement for potential suppliers. While restrictions are often seen as an instrument of favoritism, we show that they may be used due to the nature of the activities of procurers.
Who is in charge of security? Division oflabour between public and private security producers
Authors: Vasilenok N. A. , Yarkin A. M.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the first in the Russian literature review of research devoted to the roles of private and public investment in security in the economics of crime. We describe theoretical and empirical papers that deal with the strength of the deterrence and diversion effects, as well as the interaction between different security measures. Special attention is given to the roles that income inequality and institutional set-up play in the formation of the profile of security measures and the resulting distribution of crime. We also present empirical results based on the Russian regional data, which reveal a significant relationship between inequality and the ratio of private to public security measures, as well as substantial differences between more and less democratic regions.
At the final stage of the global crisis: Economic tasksin 2017-2019
Authors: Mau V. A.
Published: October 2018

The paper deals with the global and national trends of economic and social development at the final stage of the global structural crisis. Special attention is paid to intellectual challenges economists will face with in the post-crisis world: prospects of growth without inflation, new global currencies and the role of cryptocurrencies, central banks independence and their role in economic growth stimulation, new tasks and patterns of government regulation, inequality and growth. Special features of Russian post-crisis development are also under consideration. Among them: prospects of macroeconomic support of growth, inflation targeting, new fiscal rule, social dynamics and new challenges to welfare state. The paper concludes that the main obstacles for economic growth in Russia are concentrated in the non-economic area.
Diaspora of economists and Russian economics: In search of common ground
Authors: Maltsev A. A.
Published: October 2018

The article summarizes the results of a survey of 77 representatives of the Russian diaspora of academic economists (RDAE) carried out in the summer of 2017. Its main purpose was to find out the differences in theoretical views between RDAE members and Russian economists. The analysis has shown that the existing theoretical and methodological discrepancies are not the main obstacle for strengthening the cooperation between the two scientific communities. A key factor constraining the deepening of RDAE’s participation in the Russian academic life is the continuing skepticism of some of the Russian economists concerning the ideas coming from “outside”, as well as the bureaucratization of the Russian scientific and educational sphere.
Russian bank insurance in the retail segment: Myths and reality
Authors: Ezrokh Y. S.
Published: October 2018

The article examines key problems of the domestic market of bank insurance (banks’ provision of insurance services under agency programs) in the segment of servicing individuals. It is shown that their accumulation led to a significant “devaluation” of the economic meaning of insurance in the credit segment: (a) the direct (insurance) effect remains extremely low; (b) banks and insurance companies are focused on the indirect effect (super profits against the background of ultra-low payments). The main problems of the accumulative bank insurance segment have been identified, which can lead to similar consequences in the medium term. The measures to regulate the market of bank insurance with the purpose of its recovery are grounded.
World trends in the distribution of national incomes and problems of economic and social development
Authors: Klinov V. G. , Sidorov A. A.
Published: October 2018

The authors have analyzed trends of ever-growing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in major national and world economies over the last 40 years. The prospects of further increase in the unequal distribution of national incomes are fraught with far-reaching social, political and economic upheavals. The prospects of this kind are highly possible because of the trend to decrease the rates of income taxes (coerced by global competition) that leads to unequal national income distribution. The authors elaborate patterns of possible changes in fiscal policy that could serve for better quality of life for all strata of the population despite unequal distribution of national incomes.
The role of Marx’s “Capital” studies in the formation of Russian economists (The roundtable discussion at Lomonosov Moscow State University)
Authors: Avtonomov V. S. , Auzan A. A. , Grigoryev L. M. , Kolganov A. I. , Nureev R. M. , Khudokormov A. G. , Shastitko A. E. , Kurdin A. A.
Published: October 2018

The roundtable took place on May 18, 2018 within the International forum MARX—XXI in commemoration of Karl Marx 200th birth anniversary. The event gathered leading Russian economists representing Lomonosov Moscow State University, Higher School of Economics, Financial University, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. The participants of the roundtable assessed the role of Karl Marx’s heritage studies in the intellectual development of contemporary Russian economists, shared their personal experience in Karl Marx’s “Capital” studies during the special seminar at the economic faculty of Moscow State University, determined the most challenging problems of today, which were raised by Marx, and presented their recommendations on Karl Marx’s works studies in Russian universities.
Ten Years Follow-Up of Sputtered Hydroxyapatite Coated Implant in Single or Two Missing Teeth Replacement
Authors: Sanda Minoru , Fujimori Tatsuya , Shiota Makoto , Kasugai Shohei
Published: October 2018

Sputtered hydroxyapatite coated implant has investigated as an implant with novel surface coating for dental implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 10 years clinical outcome regarding marginal bone loss around implants, success rate, survival rate, biological and prosthetic complication and patients subjective satisfaction for the implant with sputtered hydroxyapatite coating in human. Sixteen patients with 30 implants were employed for this study. One-piece, sputtered hydroxyapatite coated implants were placed in premolar and/or molar sites with one or two missing tooth. Ten years after implant placement, the marginal bone level change was evaluated by periapical radiograph. Incidence of peri-implant diseases and prosthetic complications were also addressed. Patient satisfaction was analyzed by Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.74 ± 1.41 mm. Survival and success rates were 96.7% and 86.7% respectively. Three implants (10.0%) in 3 patients (18.8%) were affected by peri-implantitis. Five implants (16.7%) in 4 patients (25%) had chipping of veneering material on prosthesis. One implant (3.3%) in a patient (6.3%) was fractured and removed. Mean score of Oral Health Impact Profile was 41.6 ranged from 3 to 89. Sputtered hydroxyapatite surface showed comparable marginal bone stability in 10 years result.

Keywords: Clinical evaluation, Dental implants, Hydroxyapatite, Implant surfaces, Crestal bone loss, Long-term results.
Implant Treatment for the Patients with Severe Deep Bite Using Screwed Denture: Technical Note
Authors: Aoki Noriaki , Inoue Arisa , Kosugi Yasufumi , Koyama Chika , Iida Masaki , Iwai Toshinori
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to report an innovative technique for an increase vertical dimension with screwed denture fixation and intravenous sedation for the patients with severe deep bite. Bite raising is essential to maintain a long term stability of occlusion in the case of implant treatment associated with severe deep bite. Generally, a removable denture is used to increase occlusal vertical dimension for the first step of oral rehabilitation in the case of severe deep bite. However, these patients sometimes fail wearing removable denture for increasing vertical dimension, because of severe discomfort. On the other hand, an intravenous sedation is advantage that the patients fall asleep and is completely unaware of the procedure being performed. Therefore combination screwed denture fixation and intravenous sedation allowed to raise occlusal vertical dimension in implant treatment. In conclusion, this combined method using screwed denture and intravenous sedation are the most promising technique for implant treatment to raise the vertical occlusal dimension for the patients with severe deep bite. Keywords: Severe deep bite, Screwed denture, Bite raising, Implant fracture
A Simple Self-Made Scale to Design Surgical Margin in Tongue Cancer: Technical Note
Authors: Aoki Noriaki , Inoue Arisa , Kosugi Yasufumi , Koyama Chika , Iida Masaki , Iwai Toshinori
Published: October 2018

We report a simple and cheap self-designed scale that is a very effective instrument for partial glossectomy and tumor excision in oral cavity. This scale could be placed on the surface of the mucosa to design the adequate and accurate surgical margin with forceps.

In addition, this scale can be attached on the surface of the mucosa without holding by the forceps. Its effectiveness and safety were identified for glossectomy, tumor excision in our experience.

Keywords: Surgical margin, Self-made scale, Ruler, Tongue cancer, Leukoplakia, Benign tumor
Pengaruh Promosi Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Kantor Bupati Gorontalo
Authors: Ibrahim Meimoon
Published: October 2018

Meimoon Ibrahim. This study aims to analyze the effects of promotion and work environment on work achievement with the respondents of Local Government office employee. The research focus is protion and ewoek environment on work achievement with the respondents of 100 employees from 133 employees using proportional random sampling method. The research method used explanatory and the data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The research result shows that, promotion and work environment simultaneously provide positive and significant effect on work achievement. Partially, the promotion variable provides positive effect but not significant on work achievement, the work environment variable that becomes the most dominant variable has a positive and significant effect on work achievement, among the four observed variables.
The Contributions of Professor M. V. Vinokurov to increasing technical speed of trains and improving the running qualities of railway carriage
Authors: Ustiak N.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the contribution of Professor M. V. Vinokurov to solving the problem of increasing technical speed of trains and improving the running qualities of railway carriage. The analyze of experimental studies of M. V. Vinokurov showed a close connection between the well-being of passengers with smoothness of motion, the magnitude of the amplitudes and the frequency of the carriage vibrations. Particular attention was paid to the brake application of the rolling stock of trains.
Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres
Authors: Bachmann Jens , Wiedemann Martin , Wierach Peter
Published: October 2018

Can a hybrid composite made of recycled carbon fibres and natural fibres improve the flexural mechanical properties of epoxy composites compared to pure natural fibre reinforced polymers (NFRP)? Growing environmental concerns have led to an increased interest in the application of bio-based materials such as natural fibres in composites. Despite their good specific properties based on their low fibre density, the application of NFRP in load bearing applications such as aviation secondary structures is still limited. Low strength NFRP, compared to composites such as carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), have significant drawbacks. At the same time, the constantly growing demand for CFRP in aviation and other transport sectors inevitably leads to an increasing amount of waste from manufacturing processes and end-of-life products. Recovering valuable carbon fibres by means of recycling and their corresponding re-application is an important task. However, such recycled carbon fibres (rCF) are usually available in a deteriorated (downcycled) form compared to virgin carbon fibres (vCF), which is limiting their use for high performance applications. Therefore, in this study the combination of natural fibres and rCF in a hybrid composite was assessed for the effect on flexural mechanical properties. Monolithic laminates made of hybrid nonwoven containing flax fibres and recycled carbon fibres were manufactured with a fibre volume fraction of 30% and compared to references with pure flax and rCF reinforcement. Three-point bending tests show a potential increase in flexural mechanical properties by combining rCF and flax fibre in a hybrid nonwoven.
Enhanced Spectral Amplitude Coding OCDMA System Utilizing a Single Photodiode Detection
Authors: Abd El-Mottaleb Somia , Fayed Heba , Abd El-Aziz Ahmed , Metawee Mohamed , Aly Moustafa
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the performance of a spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) system is investigated utilizing a single photodiode (SPD) detection technique. The proposed system uses enhanced double weight (EDW) codes as signature codes with three simultaneous users to overcome both phase-induced intensity noise (PIIN) and multiple access interference (MAI). In addition, a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) is used in order to decrease the group velocity dispersion (GVD) caused in the single mode fiber. An erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is used to overcome the attenuation. The use of both DCF and EDFA leads to an appreciable enhancement in the system performance. The system performance is evaluated through its bit error rate (BER), Q-factor, and received power. A comparison between the EDW codes and modified double weight (MDW) codes on the SAC-OCDMA system is demonstrated. Simulation is carried out through Optisystem ver. 7. The simulation results show that: (a) using an avalanche photodiode (APD) over PIN photodiode allows data transmission over longer distances; (b) the use of DCF improves the system BER;(c) using MDW codes gives better BER than using EDW codes.
Infrared Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Quaternion Fractional Order Total Variation with Lp Quasinorm
Authors: Liu Xingguo , Chen Yingpin , Peng Zhenming , Wu Juan , Wang Zhuoran
Published: October 2018

Owing to the limitations of the imaging principle as well as the properties of imaging systems, infrared images often have some drawbacks, including low resolution, a lack of detail, and indistinct edges. Therefore, it is essential to improve infrared image quality. Considering the information of neighbors, a description of sparse edges, and by avoiding staircase artifacts, a new super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) method is proposed for infrared images, which is based on fractional order total variation (FTV) with quaternion total variation and the L p quasinorm. Our proposed method improves the sparsity exploitation of FTV, and efficiently preserves image structures. Furthermore, we adopt the plug-and-play alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) theory for the proposed method to improve the efficiency and robustness of our algorithm; in addition, an accelerated step is adopted. Our experimental results show that the proposed method leads to excellent performances in terms of an objective evaluation and the subjective visual effect.
Enzyme Assisted Extraction, Purification and Structure Analysis of the Polysaccharides from Naked Pumpkin Seeds
Authors: Wang Libo , Liu Fangcheng , Li Tengfei , Liu Dawei , Xu Yaqin , Yang Yu
Published: October 2018

Enzyme assisted extraction was used to extract the polysaccharides from pumpkin seeds (PSP) and the extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimum experimental parameters: Extraction temperature of 60 °C, extraction time of 43 min, enzyme concentration of 2.5%, and pH of 6.0, the yield of PSP was 3.22 ± 0.04%, which was in close agreement with the predicted value (3.24%). After further purification on anion exchange column and gelfiltration column, a novel purified polysaccharide (PSPE) with molecular weight of 16,700 g/mol was obtained. PSPE was mainly composed of mannose, galactose and glucose in the molar ratio of 1.00:3.84:1.62. NMR spectra analysis showed that the major backbone of PSPE consisted of →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Manp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Glap-(1→, and β-d-galactose.