bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic effects of hydroxychloroquine on the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic arthritis: an observational cohort study
Authors: Naderi Zohre , Sadeghi Bahar , Farajzadegan Ziba , Sami Ramin , Salesi Mansour , Mansouri Vahid , Amra Babak
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. Anti-malarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine are indicated in several rheumatic diseases such as RA. Some reports have suggested hydroxychloroquine for prevention of COVID-19. Objectives: Whether hydroxychloroquine has prophylactic effects for COVID-19 in rheumatic patients. Patients and Methods: In this multicenter cohort-based observational study the preventive effect of hydroxychloroquine regarding the incidence and severity of COVID-19 was investigated in patients with RA who referred to rheumatology clinics of academic hospitals of Isfahan between April and July 2020 and already have been treated with hydroxychloroquine for more than three months. Around 215 patients with RA and current use of hydroxychloroquine were recruited and followed for three months. Patients’ information was gathered using the medical record or by phone call. Results: The incidence of COVID-19 in this selected sample was 4.2% (n=9). Only one in nine patients needed hospitalization, without need for intubation or ICU care. Symptoms including dry cough, headache, body pain, malaise, dyspnea, fever, sore throat, chills, and chest pain, were reported to be statistically higher in COVID-19+ group. Conclusion: In contrast to the mortality rate in the general population of Isfahan, Iran (4.8% - until June 2020), no mortality has been reported in these patients. Therefore, it seems that the use of hydroxychloroquine has been able to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease after reaching steady-state levels. This finding has clinical importance, especially for rheumatic patients using immunomodulatory drugs.
Efficacy and side effects of Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines to stop COVID-19; a review and discussion
Authors: Ghiasi Nasrin , Valizadeh Rohollah , Arabsorkhi Mohammad , Hoseyni Tahere Sadat , Esfandiari Korosh , Sadighpour Tella , Jahantigh Hamid Reza
Published: September 2021

We believe that vaccination is just a way to eliminate or strongly stop the COVID-19. In this regard, there are several vaccines with different efficacy and side effects. It is urgently required to have some efficient vaccines for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, international databases were considered for searching relevant articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2021. Keywords were COVID-19, novel coronavirus, 2019- nCoV, coronavirus disease 2019, vaccine, Sputnik V, Gamaleya, Gam-COVID-Vac, Sinopharm, BBIBP-CorV, AstraZeneca, Vaxzevria, Oxford, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and AZD1222. Three Sputnik V, Sinopharm and AstraZeneca vaccines are useful to gain herd immunity. Enough intervals (at least three weeks/21 days) must be considered for sufficient neutralizing antibody titers. What is important is that the vaccination should be accelerated with each of the aforementioned three vaccines to achieve herd immunity in a shorter period of time because all three vaccines provide 100% prevention of severe COVID-19.
Evaluation of the effect of Teucrium polium ointment on the episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women
Authors: Mohammady Rouzbahani Atena , Dolatian Mahrokh , Jahedbozorgan Tayebeh , Mojab Faraz , Tajik Majid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgical incision at the vaginal opening performed in the second stage of labor during childbirth. The purpose of performing an episiotomy is to increase the size of the soft tissue of the pelvis floor and prevent damage to the perineum, facilitate delivery, and reduce the time during childbirth. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Teucriumpolium ointment on wound healing in primiparous women. Patients and Methods: This triple-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 84 primiparous women referred to Mahdieh hospital in Tehran. Participants randomly received 2% T. polium ointment and placebo. The first time the ointment was started 24 hours after delivery and continued twice a day for 10 days. Wound healing rate was measured by redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, and approximation (REEDA) scale on days 1, 5, and 10 postpartum. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results were performed on 84 women, 43 people using T. polium ointment and 41 people using placebo ointment. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding obstetrics and demographic characteristics at the beginning of the study. The mean scores of REEDA in the T. polium group in the first 12 hours, days 5 and 10 were significantly different from the placebo group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Wound healing following episiotomy can be accelerated due to antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties of T. polium ointment. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian registry of clinical trial (#IRCT20100130003226N18; https://en.irct.ir/trial/40004, ethical code# IR.SBMU.RETECH.1398.055).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gastric cancer in Iranian patients
Authors: Alghasi Arash , Farnoosh Gholamreza , Saeedi Boroujeni Ali , Bahadoram Mohammad , Tahmaseby Gandomkari Sima , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza
Published: September 2021

Gastric cancer is one of the leading worldwide cancers formed in the lining of the stomach, and is the most prevalent cancer in northern Iran. Recent interventions for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer are based on genetic susceptibility parameters and the interactions between genes and the environment. Accordingly, this narrative review was designed to summarize the genetic markers involved in Iranian patients with gastric cancer, classified by cellular function. There was a significant relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rs1051208 C allele (RAF1), rs531564 (pri-miR-124-1), rs1053023 (STAT3), rs8193 C allele (CD44), rs3130932G allele (OCT4), rs283821943, rs2032586 (ABCB1), codons 72,248 (p53), -137 G/C (IL-18), Pro12Ala (PPARγ), rs1053023 (STAT3), rs4647603 (caspase 3), -712C>T (caspase 9), -1263 A> (caspase 9) and gastric cancer. Increased risk was observed in C677T (MTHFR). Finally, decreased risk of gastric cancer was explored in -938 C>A (bcl2). Asp299Gly (TLR-4), rs1028181-513T/C (IL-19) Pro12Ala (PPARγ) may play a crucial role in susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori and gastric pathogenesis. According to the findings, the genetic polymorphisms in the immune-associated genes were related to the gastric cancer among the Iranian patients. Therefore, further large-scale functional investigations are needed to draw definite conclusions.
Side effects of methotrexate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Masoumi Maryam , Balasi Javad , Aghamiri Seyed Mahdi , Moradi Soroush , Baghban Mahbube , Vahedian Mostafa , Gandomi-Mohammadabadi Alireza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Methotrexate is widely used as the most common disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drug (DMARD) and is known as the first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To assess the side effects of methotrexate in Iranian patients with RA and to compare them with the known side effects from previous studies. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 patients who fulfilled the EULAR 2010 criteria of RA. The following data were recruited from patients’ profiles; age, body mass index (BMI), duration of treatment with methotrexate, initiating dose, maximum dose and current dose of methotrexate, history of fatty liver disease or hepatitis B and concomitant use of sulfasalazine, leflunomide or hydroxychloroquine. Results: In 149 out of 300 patients (49.66%), Methotrexate therapy was stopped or tapered due to side effects including nausea (23%), flu-like symptoms (8%), hepatotoxicity (12%) and hair loss (6%). The patients with hepatotoxicity had a higher duration of treatment with methotrexate (10.35 compared with 5.83; P<0.001) and also the higher initiating dose of methotrexate (12.91 compared with 12.17; P=0.010). All of the RASS (rheumatoid arthritis severity scale) indexes including disease activity, functional impairment, and physical damage are related to the presence of hepatotoxicity (P<0.001). Conclusion: Methotrexate is an excellent and effective agent for the treatment of RA and its potential side effects during the treatment are dependent on the methotrexate dosage, the level of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-MCV antibodies and concomitant use of other drugs such as leflunomide.
Medical errors during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of emergency medicine
Authors: Rahmani Shaghayegh , Deldar Kosar , Hemati Ali Sara
Published: September 2021

Objective: Nowadays, many countries all over the world are involved with COVID-19 and the number of new cases and deaths are on a rise. The role of emergency medicine and physician-led triage is important in this period. We report some near missed cases in our academic center related to this pandemic. Case Presentation: We report 5 cases that missed triage or received delayed diagnosis because of COVID-19 suspicion. Some cases are life threatening. Conclusion: Although COVID-19 is the main health concern these days, other critical conditions should be considered. Stabilizing patients before transferring them between hospitals should be the essential goal of emergency department whether the patient is Corona virus infected or not. And before any intervention, the safety of healthcare workers must be ensured.
Interleukin-10 gene promoter variants and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy; a meta-analysis
Authors: Mishra Gita , Gautam Sudeep , Kumara Reddy Thavanati Parvathi , Lakkakula Bhaskar VKS
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes patients. There is ample evidence that the inflammatory pathways are central to both diabetes and DN. Several studies that examined the link between the interleukin-10 (IL10) polymorphisms and DN risk yielded conflicting results. Objectives: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the associations between IL10 promoter polymorphisms and DN risk. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed, Google scholar and Web of Science from the beginning until July 30, 2020. Association between IL10 promoter variants (-1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A) and DN risk were assessed by considering diabetes without nephropathy (DWN) as well as healthy controls. Data were retrieved and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: For the IL10 -1082 A> G analysis, a total of 4 studies with DWN controls (682 cases and 529 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1025 cases and 1625 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -819 C> T analysis, a total of three studies with DWN controls (9619 cases and 445 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. For the IL10 -592 C> T analysis, a total of 5 studies with DWN controls (819 cases and 645 controls) and 5 studies with healthy controls (1005 cases and 1537 controls) were considered. In addition, there was no evidence of publication bias for IL10 promoter variants. No substantial association was observed between IL10 promoter variants and DN risk. Conclusion: Our study signifies that polymorphisms of IL10 -1082 A>G, -819 C>T and -592 C>A are not linked with DN risk.
Urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis in children with monosymptomatic enuresis
Authors: Liszewska Alicja , Bagińska Joanna Olga , Kirejczyk Jan Krzysztof , Porowski Tadeusz , Korzeniecka-Kozerska Agata
Published: September 2021

Introduction: A disturbed calcium-phosphate balance is an important issue for kidney stone formation in nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria (HC) has been proposed as an essential etiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). Objectives: We may suspect that patients with MNE may be at risk of stone formation hence the objective of this paper was to assess the risk in MNE children using Bonn Risk Index (BRI). Patients and Methods: The urinary work-up of 204 children (83 with MNE and 121 controls) included urinary calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) excretion, Ca/creatinine ratio, BRI, ionized calcium (Ca2+), Mg/creatinine and Ca/citrate ratios, urinary citrates and oxalates (Ox). Results: Ca/creatinine and Mg/creat ratios were higher in the MNE group. There were no differences in Mg and Ca amount in urine and Mg/Ca ratio between MNE and the reference group. Both groups differed in Mg and Ca excretion per kg of body mass. MNE children differed from controls regarding BRI, Ox and urinary Ca2+. No differences in urinary citrate excretion nor Ca/citrate ratio between MNE and the controls were found. Correlations between factors important in the crystallization process in MNE children were recorded. Conclusion: MNE patients may be at risk of oxalate nephrolithiasis. Further studies to assess the role of the BRI and Ca/citrate ratio in predicting stone formation in MNE children are needed.
Early screening of chronic kidney disease patients among the asymptomatic adult population in Bangladesh
Authors: Zeba Zebunnesa , Fatema Kaniz , Sumit Ahmed Faisal , Zinnat Rahelee , Ali Liaquat
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides valuable opportunities for effective interventions that reduce the risk of outcomes, particularly renal failure. Objectives: This study aimed to screen the Bangladeshi asymptomatic adult population for CKD to identify potential risk factors for its development. Patients and Methods: The screening program was carried out among the 400 subjects in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh to identify people with the risk of CKD. All the subjects were asymptomatic and previously been never diagnosed with kidney diseases. Demographic data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Urinary protein was tested by dipstick method, and serum creatinine was measured by an auto-analyzer. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using standard formula. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. Results: A total of 18.2% respondents were found to have likely CKD to whom 82% were in stage 1 and 18% were in stage 2. The majority of the likely CKD respondents (30.1%) were in age >60 years. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly (P=0.0001) higher among previously documented CKD patients compared to the control group. Logistic analysis revealed that after adjustments, CKD showed a significant association with diabetes mellitus (ORs: 7.46, P=0.00), smoking (ORs: 2.36, P=0.02), obesity (ORs: 3.98, P=0.00) and hypertension (ORs: 1.16, P=0.66) compared to control. Conclusion: A substantial number of adults were found to be unaware of the existence of CKD hence, large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders.
A survey of waiting lists for kidney transplantation in northeastern Iran
Authors: Jangi Majid , Tabesh Hamed , Ghorban Sabbagh Mahin , Khaleghi Baigi Ebrahim , Mostafavi Sayyed Mostafa , Tara Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) continues to be a public health challenge. In ESRD patients, renal replacement therapy is essential. Kidney transplantation is considered as an effective therapeutic procedure for ESRD. On the advice of a qualified nephrologist, ESRD patients are registered on a waiting list, seeking organ transplantation. Objectives: This study aimed to report the status of the waiting list for kidney transplantation in the northeastern Iran region, with data covering the time period until 2017. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted at Montaserie hospital in Mashhad, Iran. We reviewed the clinical records of all ESRD patients referred to the hospital, retrospectively. Patients’ data were completed using a data linkage method and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 1956 patients were studied from the waiting list with a mean age of 44.7 ± 14.4 years (3-80 years). The described etiology reveals that the main causes of ESRD were unknown sources (44.1%), diabetes (18.4%) and hypertension (10.9%). Hemodialysis therapy was conducted for 91.1% of the patients. The maximum registered waiting time was 295 months and the minimum was one month, with an average of 63 months. The proportion of patients waiting for the first, second and third kidney transplantation was 86%, 13.2% and 0.7%, respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights that in the population under study, the number of registered patients on the waiting list followed an increasing pattern, while the age of patients decreased. Unfortunately, in most case studies in Iran, the true etiology of nephrology diseases is still unknown. More effort to define the ESRD causes is necessary. The most likely reason for reported cases with unknown etiology is delays in referral problems.
Recurrence rate in patients with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran: Corticosteroids versus intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Safapour Ahmad , Alghasi Arash , Abolnezhadian Farhad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is known as the most important cause of sudden drop in platelet count among children. The acute form of unexpected drop in platelet count in children calls for treatment with medications such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and Rho(D) immunoglobulin (anti-DIG). Most of the previous studies have accordingly compared short-term therapeutic outcomes of steroids with those of IVIg. In some cases, IVIg has led to better results. However, there are few studies on the long-term treatment effects of both medicine categories. Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and recurrence rate (RR) of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both in the long-term to find the best and most effective treatment for these patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 188 children diagnosed with acute ITP were admitted to the hematology departments of Shafa and Baghaei hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. The therapeutic consequences and RRs of corticosteroids, IVIg, or both were compared within one year. Results: Comparing treatments employing corticosteroids and IVIg in children having acute ITP in terms of the long-term treatment outcomes showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, the findings revealed that 34% of the patients had experienced recurrence within one year with no remarkable difference between both drug groups. Conclusion: The long-term therapeutic outcomes in both medicine categories were not significantly different. Therefore, given the world’s current economic conditions and inadequate supply of all medicines, it seems more rational to use the least expensive drugs.
Comparison the impact of face-to-face training package for resuscitation with presentation by messaging software on emergency medicine rotation interns
Authors: Takavar Farnaz , Momeni Mehdi , Mohammadrezaie Narges , Ghoochani Khorasani Ahmad , Aghili Mehrad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Conventional approaches in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) are used, including; lectures, video presentations, practical educations on moulage, also employing messenger applications can potentially be regarded as a method to train interns. Objectives: The current study aims to compare two methods of face-to-face and virtual training by WhatsApp messenger, regarding the impact of training on interns’ knowledge and satisfaction for advanced cardio resuscitation rotational interns in emergency medicine. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 73 rotation interns of emergency medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2017 to 2018 were divided into two groups: 1) face-to-face training, 2) virtual training by using WhatsApp messenger application. Initially, a pretest of 10 questions about main topics in advanced cardiac support was conducted on interns. At the end of training course, a posttest of 20 questions was conducted for both groups. Results: Mean value of pretest was 6.46 for face-to-face training group and 5.97 for WhatsApp group (P=0.29). Posttest mean score was 14.08 for face-to-face group and 12.03 for WhatsApp (P=0.003). Interns’ satisfaction scores were 7.68 and 7.36 for face-to-face and WhatsApp group respectively (P=0.25). Mean scores of pretest and posttest within group had no significant differences between groups, but Cohen’s effect size for face-to-face group was greater than WhatsApp trained group. Conclusion: Face-to-face training was associated with better results in promoting knowledge of interns, compared to WhatsApp training. That’s advisable to employ face-to-face training for interns.
Frequency of triple negative breast cancer in referrals patients to an oncology radiotherapy section
Authors: Barahman Maedeh , Bahadoram Mohammad , Madani Khoshbakh Omid , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the first cause of cancer death in women. This tumor often has hormonal receptors. The absence of these hormonal receptors leads to inability to treat the normal hormonal methods correctly. Objectives: In the present study, frequency of triple negative breast cancer in referrals patients to all patients with breast cancer involvement was investigated. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with breast cancer. Accordingly, all patients with breast cancer involvement who referred to Firoozgar hospital from 2016 Until 2019 were evaluated sensually. The extracted parameters included the age, the status of the hormonal receptors in terms of positive or negative, and the degree of tumor based on the pathology in the case. Results: In this study, 1840 patients were diagnosed with malignancies, of which 266 (14.5%) were infected with a variety of breast malignancies negative triple breast was 48 patients (20.6%). Mean and standard deviation of patients with triple negative malignancy were 47.63 ± 13.34 years. We also observed the stage of breast cancer, the second most common stage (23 patients and 47.9%), and the first stage with the lowest incidence (4 patients and 8.3%) among patients. Conclusion: Considering the increased use of chemotherapy in treating this type of malignancy and the high cost of treatment in these patients, this malignancy should be considered in order to identify the disease early in order to plan for proper health and reduce the cost of the treatment.
Long-term complications of COVID-19; an updated mini-review to the current knowledge
Authors: Shafieyeh Fatemeh , Heydari Mahsa
Published: September 2021

In December 2019, China announced the discovery of a new coronavirus for the first time. This event has since affected the lives of people all over the world. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the short and long-term complications of this disease. Considering the novelty of COVID-19, scientists do not have adequate information about the long-term complications of this disease; however, these long-term effects are very similar to those of other coronaviruses. researchers have recommended monitoring of COVID-19 recovered patients for identification of the long-term complications of the disease. Long-term symptoms are referred to as "long COVID/post-COVID syndrome", and people with these symptoms are called the "long haulers". This article gives a brief review of long-term complications of covid-19 like extreme fatigue, pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular complications, sensory and behavioral disorders, smell and taste dysfunctions.
Investigating the relationship between dietary acid load and risk of diabetes; a meta-analysis
Authors: Ghorbani Mozhgan , Moradi Nasrin , Behzadi Bahareh , Shahani Toran , Mousavi Masoumeh Sadat , Fathi Saeid
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that annually causes four million deaths in the world. It is not just a disease, however a series of metabolic disorders caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Considering the importance of diet in the incidence and complications of diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary acid load with diabetes, which has recently been considered. Methods: This meta-analysis was first performed as a systematic review by searching in Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Springer, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Scopus, as well as domestic databases including Magiran, SID, Irandoc, and Google Scholar. A total of 1511 articles were found that after reviewing and excluding irrelevant articles, five were included in the study. Results: In the present study, a significantly high heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 61.5, P = 0.01). A random effect model was used and the studies were weighted using the inverse-variance method. The odds ratio (OR) obtained from the meta-analysis was 1.17 (1.12-1.22). Examination of publication bias showed that the studies were symmetrically distributed in the funnel plot. Egger’s and Begg’s tests were also performed that showed no evidence for the existence of publication bias [Egger’s test (P ≥ 0.79) and Begg’s test (P ≥ 0.69)]. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between dietary acid load and the incidence of diabetes. This result is similar to most studies on the subject, except for one study, which was limited to the elderly male population. The number of studies in the present meta-analysis was low due to the limited number of research in this field.
A study on the relationship of cervical cancer with vaginal microbiota and trichomoniasis infection; a single center study
Authors: Hedayat Pegah , Derakhshan Maryam , Bazzal Reda
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer associated with infection, which is provoked by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Natural vaginal microbes, known as vaginal microbiota, play an important role in regulating vaginal pH and are therefore important in the risk of cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis vaginalis is a genital infection that reports 250 million new infections worldwide each year and can increase the risk of developing cervical cancer in the general population. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cervical cancer and vaginal microbiota or trichomoniasis infection by examining several risk factors. Patients and Methods: This prospective case study was conducted from 2014 to 2018 from an educational pathology group in Isfahan, 200 samples are included in this study. The groups consist of women over 18 years old. The study group included patients with cervical cancer lesions. For participants, a questionnaire containing information about age, gender, abortion, age at first delivery, smoking or passive smoking and the result of Pap smear test (HPV, vaginal microbiota or Trichomonas) was completed. Results: Results suggested that cancerous and precancerous lesion development is not associated with parity, age at first child’s birth. However, it is statistically associated with lower vaginal microbiota, increased Trichomonas infection, old age, increased abortion rate, smoking, and the presence of HPV infection on Pap smear. Conclusion: Protection from harmful factors that affect a healthy vaginal microbiome, such as Trichomonas infections, can reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
COVID-19 infection and beta thalassemia; a single center experience in Iran
Authors: Salehi Kahyesh Roya , Alghasi Arash , Keikhaei Dehdezi Bijan , Khazami Adeleh , Abbasi Nasab Marzeieh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a contagious acute respiratory syndrome, leading to a high mortality rate; it is also a systemic disease, and all people are at risk of being infected, including hemoglobinopathies patients. Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies while Beta-thalassemia patients, are at risk for the deadly effects of the coronavirus. Objectives: This study examines the prevalence, severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection in thalassemia patients of the southwest of Iran. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, from March 2019 to September 2020, 1000 beta-thalassemia patients, referred to Shahid Baqaei 2 hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, were screened for COVID-19. Results: Findings showwd 80% of thalassemia patients were women. Fever, body aches, weakness, and dizziness were the main symptoms of patients. Conclusion: This result suggests that hemoglobinopathies may affect infections and mortality from COVID-19 infection. However, our findings do not support a direct association between hemoglobin disease and COVID-19, and further research is needed to confirm this, but this might state the hemoglobin’s role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection.
The relationship between COVID-19 and blood vitamin C; a systematic review study
Authors: Hosseinpour Sadeq , Moradi Nasrin , Izadi Reyhane , Shadabi Shahrzad , Behzadi Raheleh , Mousavi Masoumeh Sadat , Shirazi Abuzar , Moayedi Ebrahim
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The rapid worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused a global health crisis. Unfortunately, no vaccine or special antiviral drug has been developed against COVID-19 to date, symptomatic supportive care has been the most common treatment. Objectives: the purpose of this systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous, and continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of vitamin C in treating patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this review, we identified studies published in 2020 that describe on the relationship between COVID-19 and vitamin C. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Magiran, SID and Web of Science for research articles published up to 23 December 2020 using the keywords of vitamin C, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2 and coronavirus 2. Results: At the initial stage of screening, 181articles were excluded after reviewing the title and removing irrelevant and duplicate titles, 52 articles were selected to review the abstract. After reviewing the abstract (or in articles without abstracts after reviewing the original text), nine articles were finally considered suitable for this purpose and were reviewed and finalized. Vitamin C is a pivotal component of the immune system, with proven antioxidant, cytokine storm suppressor and anti-inflammatory properties and has been tested in numerous studies for its role in severe sepsis and ICU care, especially when used as a continuous high-dose intravenous infusion. In addition, some studies indicated high-dose intravenous vitamin C treatment was associated with fewer days on mechanical ventilation, shorter ICU stay, and earlier recovery compared to the average length of mechanical ventilation, disease duration, and ICU stay in critical COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Vitamin C can significantly improve clinical symptoms, inflammatory response, immune and organ function in COVID-19 patients. In patients affected with COVID-19, high-dose intravenous vitamin C is expected to improve pulmonary function and reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and can be beneficial in aspects of inflammatory response, immune and organ function for aggravation of COVID-19 patients, however further clinical trials are necessary.
Study of family medicine role in breast cancer prevention: A systematic review
Authors: Sadr Zahra , Jamali Moghaddam Mehrnaz , Sabet Rouhani Hamideh , Sani’ee Nadia , Biglari Abhari Maryam
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and is one of the biggest health threats in women around the world. Since the systematic review study in Iran has not been conducted so far, this study was designed to determine the role of family physicians or first-level care physicians in preventing breast cancer at various levels. In this systematic review, we found family physicians could play a significant role in all levels of breast cancer prevention, including roles in education, risk assessment and early detection of cancer, treatment and follow-up of patients with breast cancer and rehabilitation, and help improve quality of life. Survivors and those treated for breast cancer.
STOCKS AS AN INVESTMENT OPTION FOR THE INVESTMENT FUNDS
Authors: Dukoski Stojan , Zlatevski Ljubisa , Dukoska Katerina
Published: September 2021

Financial innovations bring for the investors the new choices of investment but at the same time make the investment process and investment decisions more complicated, because even if the investors have a wide range of alternatives to invest they can‘t forgot the key rule in investments: invest only in what you really understand. Thus the investor must understand how investment funds differ from each other and only then to choose those which best match his/her expectations. The most important characteristics of investment funds on which bases the overall variety of investment vehicles can be assorted are the return on investment and the risk which is defined as the uncertainty about the actual return that will be earned on an investment. Each type of investment funds could be characterized by certain level of profitability and risk because of the specifics of these financial investments. Stocks are one of the favourite investments for the investment funds because of their effectieveness,but also because of they are higly liquid on average, bring income through dividends,offer diversification through sectors and every fund manager can find reasonably priced stocks with the required effort. Investment funds choose stocks because they are a very attractive investment that offers a lot of oportunities for the funds.The basic opportunity is that they are very flexible investment that offers ownership in the companies that the funds invests in. This gives the fund the oportunity to take participation in the annual shareholders meeting,but also to take board seats.It means that the fund can send representatives that can in turn affect the way the company manages its assets.A lot of companies are open to receive capital from the investment funds because as an investment vehicle they have a lot of liquidity to offer. Every investment fund is centered on the needs of the investors and tries to combine their individual opinions into one grand strategy.Usualy investment funds allow bigger investors to choose their investments and provide for them special portfolio options.This means that investors gain opportunity to have their own investment portfolio,which they can track for themselves and compare to the market index. Stocks are a big part of the investment portfolio of every investment fund.They sometimes respresent more than a half of the overall investments of the investment funds.The reason for this lays in their relative simplicity and the lots of ways the investor can profit from this securities.
THE CHILD CONSUMER AS AN ACTIVE MARKET PARTICIPANT
Authors: Zlatanova-Pazheva Elena
Published: September 2021

In the last decades, the children and teenage market has become significant as young people have greater disposable income than previous generations. Due to the fact that the purchasing power of young people continues to grow, marketers, manufacturers and advertisers are significantly interested in developing effective methods to reach the young market. Today, the interest in children and their consumer behavior is so great not only because they form a significant market segment and influence the decisions of their parents but also because their current behavior will largely shape and influence their future behavior. One of the main differences between the consumer and the child consumer is that children change their needs, preferences, behaviors, and the factors that influence them much faster. Children consumers are identified as an important and influential market. Research on children's development as consumers indicates that this process is directly related to their cognitive and social development. Children today are perceived as consumers, not as children, and their childhood is commercialized. Today, children are first recognized for an important market of consumers who spend their own money for their own wishes and needs, secondly for an influential market directing their parents money and third for a future market for all goods and services who if cultivated now will provide a steady stream of new consumers. Children consumers are active market participants who, in accordance with their cognitive and mental development, and under the influence of a number of factors and socialization in society, are changing dynamically their preferences. The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of the theoretical concepts for the child consumer, broken through the prism of various scientific fields, and in this way to serve the building of a more layered image of the concept under consideration. The evolution of the perceptions about the child consumer, presented through historical review of theoretical concepts and research, is followed. Modern interpretations of the role and importance of the child as consumer in a market economy are discussed. This is done considering them as an important demographic group and segment. The issue about the role they play in family decision making is mentioned. This impact is not only for products designed for themselves but also for products which are for the family.
CLUSTERS AS A FACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIAN ENCLAVES IN KOSOVO
Authors: Maksimović Goran , Milošević Boţidar , Jovanović Radomir
Published: September 2021

Agricultural holdings in Serbian enclaves in Kosovo represent a paradise for the survival, development and return of the displaced Serbian people. The method of observation and the method of analysis have examined the operation of agricultural holdings and clusters of vertical clusters - through a chain of agricultural holdings and institutions, as well as horizontals - through related entities using the same channels, as well as all state and regional bodies that can influence creation, functioning, growth and development of the cluster. By the method of synthesis, the authors give a solution that agricultural holdings will survive in the Albanian environment and should be joined in the form of clusters and doping warehouse development and to be the driver of the overall economic prosperity of the Serbian population in Kosovo. Problems of agricultural holdings in rural areas in Kosovo and Metohia are numerous, so it is necessary to enter into organized, economic and institutional measures in order to achieve strategic goals. In order to improve competitiveness on the market, agricultural holdings propose strategic linking to clusters, so joint holdings try to compensate for what they lack; human resources, working resources, finances (access to favorable credit sources), securing expansion of business links, tracking development trends, exchange of information on strategies, openness to new ideas, participation in the time and possibility of realization of joint investments, joint supply, new knowledge (organization of seminars ), training and conferences, joint marketing, visitshops), technologies. Associated in clusters of households reduce operating costs through unified procurement, joint market presence, joint participation in marketing, branding and transport costs to the end customer. State of Serbia (adoption of adequate legal regulations, tax incentives, incentives) of the local government in the enclaves (a number of programs for awarding grants or programs in the form of co-financing for newly founded clusters, intended for purchase of fixed assets, work of the cluster office, certification and introduction of a system for quality management) and the Faculty of Agriculture in Leskovo as a scientific and professional institution have an important positive, stimulating, and constructive role in the establishment of clusters, by providing expert advice. The development of the cluster achieves the wider economic, social and general social interests of the Serbian community from increasing employment in rural areas, stimulation of young people to stay in Kosovo, upgrading agricultural production and preserving the environment as well as other aspects in rural areas.
Risk of Factor on History Disease with Nutritional Status on Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in Pidie Jaya District
Authors: Nur Zuhra Tun , Suryana Suryana
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe nutritional problem has happened in Indonesia. One of them is toddler malnutrition. Children who are malnourished have a low immune system. Thus it is susceptible to infectious diseases. Factors that can prevent nutritional problems in toddlers include the age of weaning and the toddler's immune system. Breastfeeding until the two-years-old, weaning, and body resistance will also affect the toddler's nutritional status. The research aimed to identify the risk factors of disease history on toddler stunting's nutritional status in Pidie Jaya District. The research's implementation was descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 34 people—data on weaning patterns and disease history obtained through interviews with questionnaires. Anthropometry measurements obtained the nutritional status data of toddlers. Analysis used chi-square test. Based on the results, most of the 14.7% of toddlers had a history of fever, 52.95% of unwilling toddlers. Toddlers with well nutritional status with weight-for-age index 64.7%, skinny nutritional status with weight-for-height index 55.9%, short nutritional status with height-for-age 52.9%, and regular dietary status with BMI-for age index 73.5%. Conclusion there was an influence of children's history disease in the last three months on nutritional status in the index height-for-age P-value = <0.015 (<0.05) with OR 6.0, but there was no influence of sick history on nutritional status with index weight-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age (P-value >0.05). It was important for the mother to implement a healthy lifestyle, environmental hygiene, and hygiene of the food history to become better.
Study Of Fuzzy Goal Programming Model To Production Planning Problems Approach
Authors: Vinsensia Desi , Utami Yulia
Published: September 2021

The production planning system can provide satisfaction to the manufacture with the desire target and also with the available raw materials. In achieving the target of goals also face a situation of uncertainty (fuzzy). The aims of this study is proposed the model of fuzzy goal programming approach to optimize production planning system. In this model obtaining maximizing profit and revenue with consider minimize costs of labor cost, raw materials cost, time machine production, and also inventory cost. The numerical example is illustrate that the fuzzy goal programming model can optimize optimize production and profit according desired of decision maker.
Analysis of the Possible Consequences of Large-Scale Production of Sand and Gravel Mixture in the Downstream of Large Hydroelectric Facilities Based on Hydrodynamic Modeling (the Votkinsk HPP as an Example)
Authors:   A.P. Lepikhin, Y.S. Lyakhin, A.A. Tiunov, A.A. Wozniak, A.I. Luchnikov, D.I. Perepelitsa, A.V. Bogomolov
Published: September 2021

The authors have presented estimation of possible hydraulic consequences of the large-scale mining of sand/gravel mixtures in the upper part of the Lower Kama Reservoir 9the Votkinsk Reservoir downstream) based on the multi-version computation experiments with the developed hydro/dynamic model of the water body under consideration. This estimation is necessary for development of measures aimed at minimization of negative aftermath and provision of the interest balance between water users. Methods. The work is based on the conjugation of a set of field observations with computational experiments based on hydrodynamic models in 1D and 2D formulations, which make it possible to carry out hydrodynamic calculations for the waves of releases from HPPs. Results. The dynamics of water levels was investigated for various calculation scenarios, graphs were drawn for comparing water levels based on the results of calculations in one- and two-dimensional models for morphometry in 2019 in natural conditions and taking into account the development of deposits of sand and gravel mixtures. The experiments have demonstrated that development of only eight deposits (Volkovsk, Olkhovsk, Sivinsk, Golyanovo, Makarovsk, Upper-Dulesovsk, Simonikhinsk, and Simonikhinsk-2) will cause the necessity (in order to maintain the 3.3 m navigation depth) to increase the discharge to the Votkinsk HPP downstream up to 1800 m3/s or maintaining of continuous 1500 m3/s discharge for at least 24 hours. In the process of the water level graphs comparative analysis, both in one-dimension and two-dimension modeling, one can distinguish three sites with great level subsidence (15-41 cm) due to the large-scale mining of sand/gravel mixture.
CLASSIFICATION COMPLEX QUERY SQL FOR DATA LAKE MANAGEMENT USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Nurhadi Nurhadi , Abdul Kadir Rabiah , Mat Surin Ely Salwana
Published: September 2021

A query is a request for data or information from a database table or a combination of tables. It allows for a more accurate database search. SQL queries are divided into two types, namely, simple queries and complex queries. Complex SQL is the use of SQL queries that go beyond standard SQL by using the SELECT and WHERE commands. Complex SQL queries often involve the use of complex joins and subqueries, where the queries are nested in a WHERE clause. Complex SQL queries can be grouped into two types of queries, namely, Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) queries. In the implementation of complex SQL queries in the NoSQL database, a classification process is needed due to the varying data formats, namely, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. The classification process aims to make it easier for the query data to be organized by type of query. The classification method used in this research is the Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) which is generally often used in text data, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is known to work very well on data with large dimensions. The two methods will be compared to determine the best classification result. The results showed that SVM was 84.61% accurate in terms of classification, and comparatively, NBC was at 76.92%.