bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translating the Field
Authors: Vider Jaanika
Published: June 2022

The University of Oxford Siberian expedition (1914–1915) led by Maria Czaplicka brought to the United Kingdom knowledge and objects from the little‐known Yenise region in Siberia. The photographs taken during this expedition exemplify the uncertain role of photography in anthropology at this time and speak of the possibilities afforded by the abundance of the medium. Comparing the photographic outputs of the expedition to those of the first British generation of field‐working ethnographers and Arctic explorers, this article examines early ethnographic photography as a form of translation aimed at diverse audiences.
Clinical application of the StatSensor and StatSensor Xpress point‐of‐care creatinine measurement devices in dogs
Authors: Chalifoux Nolan V. , Rizzo Kaila , Stefanovski Darko , Weinstein Nicole M. , Silverstein Deborah C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Creatinine is a universally important blood parameter used to detect and monitor acute and chronic kidney disease. Reliable measurements at the bedside remain a challenge in human and veterinary medicine. Despite its potential, a trustworthy point‐of‐care creatinine biosensor has yet to be established.

Objectives

We aimed to determine the precision and accuracy of the StatSensor (SS) and StatSensor Xpress (SSX) handheld creatinine measurement devices in dogs.

Methods

Paired creatinine samples from dogs with normal (creatinine ≤159 μmol/L), moderate (159–354 μmol/L), and marked (>354 μmol/L) azotemia were compared with a commercial enzymatic analyzer. Within‐day precision and linearity studies were performed prior to method comparison studies. Method comparison was evaluated using Bland–Altman, concordance correlation coefficient, Deming, and Passing‐Bablok regression analysis.

Results

Seventy‐eight dogs were enrolled in the study, including 28 (35%), 25 (32%), and 26 (33%) with normal, moderate, and marked azotemia. Total error surpassed recommendations for all devices, and linearity deviated from identity for the SS1 and SS2. The concordance correlation coefficients of the SS1, SS2, SSXI, and SSX2, were 0.69, 0.59, 0.82, and 0.44, respectively. Bland–Altman analyses showed a high variation in the differences, and relationships showed high heteroskedasticity with negative systemic bias among high creatinine concentrations.

Conclusions

Neither the SS and SSX are considered acceptable for clinical applications in dogs. Further research is indicated for the development of a reliable, cost‐effective, point‐of‐care creatinine analyzer to improve the rapid detection and monitoring human and veterinary patients.
A REVIEW OF THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AXIAL VIBRATIONS IN MARINE PROPULSION SHAFTING SYSTEM DUE TO PROPELLER EXCITATION
Authors: Awang Amirudin Awang Azhad , Kamarumtham Khairul Izzati , Haripriyono Aditya Agung , Rahman Yunus Azrul Aminur , Suheimy Nur Amirah Syahmina , Ahmed Yaseen Adnan
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades, the attenuation of axial vibration due to propeller excitation has long been a complex problem due to the coupling dynamics of the propeller-shafting system. As axial vibration is often the cause of fatigue damage to the propulsion shaft components as well as the root cause to acoustical radiation along a hull of a ship, there has been continuous interest in understanding the complex dynamic characteristics of the coupled propeller-shaft system and the methods to suppress the axial vibration in the system. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to solve this vibration problem on the longitudinal axis of the marine propulsion shafting system. This paper aims to provide the theoretical foundations of this problem by reviewing the modelling techniques of this coupled dynamic problem and cover the vibration reduction strategies that are proposed by the cited studies.
MODEL STUDY TO MINIMIZE SCOUR IN TAIL CHANNEL OF SKI-JUMP BUCKET ENERGY DISSIPATOR USING DEFLECTORS
Authors: Chavhan V S , Hinge G A
Published: June 2022

In recent years, discharging flood water downstream of the dams by the use of ski-jump bucket has become increasingly common. However, due to impact of trajectory unexpected scour holes have occurred in the tail channel, leading to expensive remedial work. One of the threats is that scouring caused by the impact of trajectory, which not only affects the safety of the river bed or tail channel but it also affect the safety of the dam, spillway and bucket. To minimize this risk of scouring, a model studies using deflector along both sides of the ski-jump bucket is performed. The model is designed in the scale of 1:50. The experiments are performed in a flume of 20 m long, 0.7 m wide and 1.2 m deep. The work is carried out using prototype data of the Ukai dam Spillway. The experimental observations are taken with and without presence of deflector. In the current study, a convergent deflector arrangement on a bucket forces a water jet to impact in mid-air, allowing it to fall down with a downscale impact. The results show that using a deflector can minimize scour by 16.51% to 28.28%.
DEEP LEARNING BASED MALAYSIAN COINS RECOGNITION FOR VISUAL IMPAIRED PERSON
Authors: Sufri Nur Anis Jasmin , Rosidi Lina Suhaili , As’ari Muhammad Amir
Published: June 2022

Currency recognition has been widely developed using various types of techniques and able to assist people who have a visual impairment. Machine learning is one of the methods implemented where deep learning architecture is one of them. The deep learning approach is reliable and can be used in detection and recognition of objects based on images. As currency recognition has been developed for other currencies, thus in this project, currency recognition using Malaysian coins has been developed by modeling Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in recognizing coin images. Malaysian coins dataset was developed consist of 2400 images of four classes of coins, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, and 50 sen. In this study, pretrained CNN which are AlexNet, GoogleNet, and MobileNetV2 were formulated in recognizing such coins. Performance of each trained model was evaluated using confusion matrix and GoogleNet obtained the best performance with 99.2% testing accuracy, 99.2% precision, 99.18% recall, and 99.19% F1 score. From the trained model, it can be further developed and implemented in assisting visually impaired persons by producing a prototype using Raspberry Pi and FPGA before it can be clinically tested on the subject.
FACIES ANALYSIS AND DEPOSITIONAL MODEL OF THE MIDDLE-UPPER TRIASSIC SEMANTAN FORMATION, CENTRAL PAHANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohamed Muhammad Azfar , Nasir Mazshurraiezal , Said Mohd Syukri , Choong Chee Meng , Sokiman Mohamad Shaufi , Md Akhir Nur Asyraf , Md Yusof Muhammad Aslam , Zakariah Muhammad Noor Amin , Abdul Rashid Mohd Nizam , Husein Salahuddin , Sulaiman Noorzamzarina , Mohd Afiq Naim
Published: June 2022

This study details the sedimentological analysis of the Middle-Upper Triassic Semantan Formation in the Jerantut-Temerloh-Kemayan region of central Pahang. Seven (F1-7) facies have been identified which are; F1) poorly sorted conglomerate, F2) pebbly sandstone, F3) structureless-to-parallel laminated sandstone, F4) wavy-to-ripple fine-to-medium laminated sandstone, F5) slumped thin-interbeded sandstone and shale , F6) interbedded sandstone and shale, and F7) shale, represent a subordinate part of the Semantan Formation. Examination of the succession of the vertical facies resulted in concession of genetic units (FA1-FA5) which are; FA1) deep channel complex, FA2) distal lobe, FA3) hybrid gravity flow deposit, FA4) channelised lobe and FA5) non-channelised lobe. It is believed that these five genetic units were deposited within four proposed laterally contiguous depositional environments which are; 1) Inner fan – deep channel-levee complex (represent by FA1), 2) Mid fan – channelised lobe (represented by FA5 and FA3), 3) Mid Fan – non-channelised lobe (represented by FA4 and FA3), and 4) Outer fan – distal lobe (represented by FA2). The Semantan Formation deep-water fan is analysed as a sand-rich fan system, based on its sediment types.
La metáfora testimonial. Narración y reparación moral.
Authors: Jaramillo Fernández Hernán Alonso
Published: June 2022

¿Por qué la metáfora testimonial es importante para una reparación moral? ¿Qué es una reparación moral? Con el fin de responder a estas cuestiones y comprender la relevancia testimonial de la función metafórica para la reparación simbólica y moral, este artículo presenta la metáfora en el lenguaje corriente de los testimonios como un disenso estético que tiene efectos morales, reflexivos y testimoniales, en tensión con una política institucional de la memoria. Analizamos descriptiva y discursivamente la colección de libros derivada de los talleres de escritura De su puño y letra, dirigida por la periodista Patricia Nieto, para demostrar empíricamente la presencia de metáforas en los testimonios y su rol para la construcción de comunidad emocional, entendida como una iniciativa autónoma de reparación moral.
Sujeto - mujer y brecha digital de género.Discursos y Prácticas desde la gubernamentalidad en América Latina.
Authors: Meneses Cabrera Tania , Aranda Bustamante Gilberto
Published: June 2022

Desde una perspectiva crítica, este artículo pone en tensión la aparición del concepto de brecha digital con la profundización de desigualdades de género en América Latina, a partir de una arqueología y genealogía realizadas sobre los documentos producidos desde la gubernamentalidad, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2007 – 2017, teniendo en cuenta las orientaciones que hacen los organismos internacionales para promover el uso y apropiación de tecnología en el caso particular de las mujeres.
Como resultado se evidencian las relaciones poder – saber; las técnicas y ejercicios de control del tiempo, la producción del cuerpo y la producción de subjetividad, así como también las fisuras emergidas de las prácticas emancipadoras desde la gestión alternativa del conocimiento.
La representación multimodal del envejecimiento en el discurso institucional chileno
Authors: Mazzucchelli Omedo Nicole , Arévalo Salinas Alex Iván
Published: June 2022

El artículo analiza la representación del envejecimiento en el discurso institucional chileno durante el gobierno de Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018), a través de un análisis de contenido de tipo multimodal de las 18 portadas que componen todos los números de la revista “Mayores de Chile” del Servicio Nacional del Adulto Mayor de Chile (SENAMA). El análisis multimodal incluye una categorización de las imágenes y el uso de la terminología para referirse a estas personas, entre otros aspectos. La investigación concluye que se transmite una visión exitista del envejecimiento (Katz, 1996 y 2014) basada en la participación de estas personas en actividades culturales, recreativas y deportivas. Las portadas no abordan los problemas estructurales que enfrentan las personas mayores en Chile como la baja cuantía de las pensiones de jubilación. No se observa una construcción plural de las personas mayores.
Three W’s of in-depth journalism portraying socio-environmental conflicts in Chilean television: What (the agenda), who (the sources), and where (the locations)
Authors: Lagos Lira Claudia , Palma Karla , Limonado Florencia
Published: June 2022

This article offers a case study of the Chilean investigative broadcasting journalism uncovering disasters and socio-environmental conflicts. Drawn from an analysis of 17 long-form stories aired by the two main television shows on current affairs in the country, we show that in-depth reporting on Chilean television was chronicling some of the most acute environmental issues since 1990s. Indeed, almost 13 hours of footage assembly a visual memory of conflicts in a society fueled by an extractivist based economy. It is noticeable a geographic diversity when covering the environment, as well as when covering waste production and pollution. Despite a relative diversity in sources, there is a sharp unbalance on gender representation. This article addresses the much-needed research on environment and communication while most of these studies pay attention to industrialized nations. It also contributes to building a situated knowledge considering the specificities of in-depth journalism in South America.
Study on the Effect of Core Stability Training on the Recovery of Dynamic Balance Capacity After Sport Injury
Authors: Shi Yi , Wang Peng
Published: June 2022

Injured athletes need to do appropriate exercises to restore dynamic balance capacity. This paper briefly introduced core stability and its training. Twenty athletes with knee injuries in the Third Hospital of Shanxi Province were divided into a regular training group and a core training group, for example, analysis. The knee joint function and coordination and balance ability of both groups before and after training were tested. The results suggest that core stability training is more conducive to promoting the recovery of knee function and coordination and balance ability under dynamic and static conditions.
Crystallographic Design of Intercalation Materials
Authors: Renuka Balakrishna Ananya
Published: June 2022

Intercalation materials are promising candidates for reversible energy storage and are, for example, used as lithium-battery electrodes, hydrogen-storage compounds, and electrochromic materials. An important issue preventing the more widespread use of these materials is that they undergo structural transformations (of up to ∼10% lattice strains) during intercalation, which expand the material, nucleate microcracks, and, ultimately, lead to material failure. Besides the structural transformation of lattices, the crystallographic texture of the intercalation material plays a key role in governing ion-transport properties, generating phase separation microstructures, and elastically interacting with crystal defects. In this review, I provide an overview of how the structural transformation of lattices, phase transformation microstructures, and crystallographic defects affect the chemo-mechanical properties of intercalation materials. In each section, I identify the key challenges and opportunities to crystallographically design intercalation compounds to improve their properties and lifespans. I predominantly cite examples from the literature of intercalation cathodes used in rechargeable batteries, however, the identified challenges and opportunities are transferable to a broader range of intercalation compounds.
Curvature-Sensitive Transition Model Application to Flow Around a Smooth Circular Cylinder
Authors: Hafez Ahmed M. , Abd El-Rahman Ahmed I. , Khater Hany A.
Published: June 2022

Transition modeling in complex flow situations including adverse pressure gradient, streamline curvature, and massive flow separation represents one of the key challenges in computational fluid dynamics that greatly affects the flow characteristics in many thermal and fluid sciences applications. Here, we report a comparative study that helps investigate the capability of the curvature-sensitive kT−kL−ω−v2 transition model against the original kT−kL−ω algorithm in predicting the flow behavior surrounding a smooth circular cylinder subjected to Reynolds numbers in the range from 3.9×103 to 3.6×106. A C-program that fully accounts for the model's four transport equations is particularly developed and coupled with the transient solver of ansysfluent. The present simulation enables accurate prediction of the distributions of skin-friction and pressure coefficients along with careful specification of the corresponding drag coefficients and angles of separation and transition. The simulation reveals insignificant variations in the bulk flow behaviors using either model in both sub- and critical flow regimes while a remarkable improvement in the supercritical drag result is achieved using the curvature-sensitive model.
Comparing National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Athletes’ Perceptions of Social Support Following Injury, Illness, and Other Identified Stressors
Authors: Anderson Martha J. , Ingram Yvette , Meyer Linda , West Thomas , West Ellen
Published: June 2022

Collegiate athletes have demonstrated a need for social support to help cope with their daily responsibilities. The purpose of this research was to explore National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II athletes’ perception of social support from friends, teammates, family, coaches, significant others, and athletic trainers following injury, illness, or other identified life stressors. There were 546 participants who completed a five-part survey using the University Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Athletic Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a demographic section. Of the participants, 352 (64.5%) stated that they experienced moderate stress levels, and all participants indicated experiencing an identified life stressor within the last 12 months. The results indicated statistically significant differences when comparing providers of social support: females preferred the support of friends, significant others, and athletic trainers, and freshmen and sophomores perceived more social support from friends than did juniors and seniors.
Therapeutic inhibition of the SRC-kinase HCK facilitates T cell tumor infiltration and improves response to immunotherapy
Authors: Poh Ashleigh R. , Love Christopher G. , Chisanga David , Steer James H. , Baloyan David , Chopin Michaël , Nutt Stephen , Rautela Jai , Huntington Nicholas D. , Etemadi Nima , O’Brien Megan , O’Keefe Ryan , Ellies Lesley G. , Macri Christophe , Mintern Justine D. , Whitehead Lachlan , Gangadhara Gangadhara , Boon Louis , Chand Ashwini L. , Lowell Clifford A. , Shi Wei , Pixley Fiona J. , Ernst Matthias
Published: June 2022

Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, many immunogenic tumors remain refractory to treatment. This can be largely attributed to an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment characterized by an accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and exclusion of activated T cells. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation or therapeutic inhibition of the myeloid-specific hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) enables activity of antagonistic anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD1), anti-CTLA4, or agonistic anti-CD40 immunotherapies in otherwise refractory tumors and augments response in treatment-susceptible tumors. Mechanistically, HCK ablation reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells toward an inflammatory endotype and enhances CD8
+
T cell recruitment and activation when combined with immunotherapy in mice. Meanwhile, therapeutic inhibition of HCK in humanized mice engrafted with patient-derived xenografts counteracts tumor immunosuppression, improves T cell recruitment, and impairs tumor growth. Collectively, our results suggest that therapeutic targeting of HCK activity enhances response to immunotherapy by simultaneously stimulating immune cell activation and inhibiting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Temozolomide-induced guanine mutations create exploitable vulnerabilities of guanine-rich DNA and RNA regions in drug-resistant gliomas
Authors: Tiek Deanna M. , Erdogdu Beril , Razaghi Roham , Jin Lu , Sadowski Norah , Alamillo-Ferrer Carla , Hogg J. Robert , Haddad Bassem R. , Drewry David H. , Wells Carrow I. , Pickett Julie E. , Song Xiao , Goenka Anshika , Hu Bo , Goldlust Samuel A. , Zuercher William J. , Pertea Mihaela , Timp Winston , Cheng Shi-Yuan , Riggins Rebecca B.
Published: June 2022

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been the first-line standard of care for the aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) since 2005. Although initially beneficial, TMZ resistance is universal and second-line interventions are an unmet clinical need. Here, we took advantage of the known mechanism of action of TMZ to target guanines (G) and investigated G-rich G-quadruplex (G4) and splice site changes that occur upon TMZ resistance. We report that TMZ-resistant GBM has guanine mutations that disrupt the G-rich DNA G4s and splice sites that lead to deregulated alternative splicing. These alterations create vulnerabilities, which are selectively targeted by either the G4-stabilizing drug TMPyP4 or a novel splicing kinase inhibitor of cdc2-like kinase. Last, we show that the G4 and RNA binding protein EWSR1 aggregates in the cytoplasm in TMZ-resistant GBM cells and patient samples. Together, our findings provide insight into targetable vulnerabilities of TMZ-resistant GBM and present cytoplasmic EWSR1 as a putative biomarker.
Liver cancer heterogeneity modeled by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes
Authors: Tang Mei , Zhao Yang , Zhao Jianhui , Wei Shumei , Liu Mingwei , Zheng Nairen , Geng Didi , Han Shixun , Zhang Yuchao , Zhong Guoxuan , Li Shuaifeng , Zhang Xiuming , Wang Chenliang , Yan Huan , Cao Xiaolei , Li Li , Bai Xueli , Ji Junfang , Feng Xin-Hua , Qin Jun , Liang Tingbo , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2022

Mechanistic study and precision treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) are hindered by marked heterogeneity, which is challenging to recapitulate in any given liver cancer mouse model. Here, we report the generation of 25 mouse models of PLC by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes recapitulating 25 single or combinations of human cancer driver genes. These mouse tumors represent major histopathological types of human PLCs and could be divided into three human-matched molecular subtypes based on transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Phenotypical characterization identified subtype- or genotype-specific alterations in immune microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and expression of drug targets. Furthermore, single-cell analysis and expression tracing revealed spatial and temporal dynamics in expression of
pyruvate kinase M2
(
Pkm2
). Tumor-specific knockdown of
Pkm2
by multiplexed genome editing reversed the Warburg effect and suppressed tumorigenesis in a genotype-specific manner. Our study provides mouse PLC models with defined genetic drivers and characterized phenotypical heterogeneity suitable for mechanistic investigation and preclinical testing.
Cortical-subcortical structural connections support transcranial magnetic stimulation engagement of the amygdala
Authors: Sydnor Valerie J. , Cieslak Matthew , Duprat Romain , Deluisi Joseph , Flounders Matthew W. , Long Hannah , Scully Morgan , Balderston Nicholas L. , Sheline Yvette I. , Bassett Dani S. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Oathes Desmond J.
Published: June 2022

The amygdala processes valenced stimuli, influences emotion, and exhibits aberrant activity across anxiety disorders, depression, and PTSD. Interventions modulating amygdala activity hold promise as transdiagnostic psychiatric treatments. In 45 healthy participants, we investigated whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits indirect changes in amygdala activity when applied to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), a region important for emotion regulation. Harnessing in-scanner interleaved TMS/functional MRI (fMRI), we reveal that vlPFC neurostimulation evoked acute and focal modulations of amygdala fMRI BOLD signal. Larger TMS-evoked changes in the amygdala were associated with higher fiber density in a vlPFC–amygdala white matter pathway when stimulating vlPFC but not an anatomical control, suggesting this pathway facilitated stimulation-induced communication between cortex and subcortex. This work provides evidence of amygdala engagement by TMS, highlighting stimulation of vlPFC–amygdala circuits as a candidate treatment for transdiagnostic psychopathology. More broadly, it indicates that targeting cortical-subcortical structural connections may enhance the impact of TMS on subcortical neural activity and, by extension, subcortex-subserved behaviors.
The evolutionary origins of syntax: Event cognition in nonhuman primates
Authors: Wilson Vanessa A. D. , Zuberbühler Klaus , Bickel Balthasar
Published: June 2022

Languages tend to encode events from the perspective of agents, placing them first and in simpler forms than patients. This agent bias is mirrored by cognition: Agents are more quickly recognized than patients and generally attract more attention. This leads to the hypothesis that key aspects of language structure are fundamentally rooted in a cognition that decomposes events into agents, actions, and patients, privileging agents. Although this type of event representation is almost certainly universal across languages, it remains unclear whether the underlying cognition is uniquely human or more widespread in animals. Here, we review a range of evidence from primates and other animals, which suggests that agent-based event decomposition is phylogenetically older than humans. We propose a research program to test this hypothesis in great apes and human infants, with the goal to resolve one of the major questions in the evolution of language, the origins of syntax.
CKS1 inhibition depletes leukemic stem cells and protects healthy hematopoietic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Grey William , Rio-Machin Ana , Casado Pedro , Grönroos Eva , Ali Sara , Miettinen Juho J. , Bewicke-Copley Findlay , Parsons Alun , Heckman Caroline A. , Swanton Charles , Cutillas Pedro R. , Gribben John , Fitzgibbon Jude , Bonnet Dominique
Published: June 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological disorder comprising a hierarchy of quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and proliferating blasts with limited self-renewal ability. AML has a dismal prognosis, with extremely low 2-year survival rates in the poorest cytogenetic risk patients, primarily due to the failure of intensive chemotherapy protocols to deplete LSCs and toxicity of therapy toward healthy hematopoietic cells. We studied the role of cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1)–dependent protein degradation in primary human AML and healthy hematopoiesis xenograft models in vivo. Using a small-molecule inhibitor (CKS1i), we demonstrate a dual role for CKS1-dependent protein degradation in reducing patient-derived AML blasts in vivo and, importantly, depleting LSCs, whereas inhibition of CKS1 has the opposite effect on normal hematopoiesis, protecting normal hematopoietic stem cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. Proteomic analysis of responses to CKS1i in our patient-derived xenograft mouse model demonstrate that inhibition of CKS1 in AML leads to hyperactivation of RAC1 and accumulation of lethal reactive oxygen species, whereas healthy hematopoietic cells enter quiescence in response to CKS1i, protecting hematopoietic stem cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that CKS1-dependent proteostasis is a key vulnerability in malignant stem cell biology.
Optimization and Evaluation of the 30S-S11 rRNA Gene for Taxonomic Profiling of Oral Streptococci
Authors: O’Connell Lauren M. , Blouin Thomas , Soule Ashlyn , Burne Robert A. , Nascimento Marcelle M. , Richards Vincent P.
Published: June 2022

The microbiota associated with the initiation and progression of dental caries has yet to be fully characterized. Although much insight has been gained from 16S rRNA hypervariable region DNA sequencing, this approach has several limitations, including poor taxonomic resolution at the species level.
Protist Diversity and Metabolic Strategy in Freshwater Lakes Are Shaped by Trophic State and Watershed Land Use on a Continental Scale
Authors: Garner Rebecca E. , Kraemer Susanne A. , Onana Vera E. , Huot Yannick , Gregory-Eaves Irene , Walsh David A.
Published: June 2022

Freshwater lakes are experiencing rapid changes under accelerated anthropogenic stress and a warming climate. Microorganisms underpin aquatic food webs, yet little is known about how freshwater microbial communities are responding to human impact.
Detangling Seasonal Relationships of Fecal Contamination Sources and Correlates with Indicators in Michigan Watersheds
Authors: Wilson Amanda M. , Martin Sherry L. , Verhougstraete Marc P. , Kendall Anthony D. , Zimmer-Faust Amity G. , Rose Joan B. , Bell Melanie L. , Hyndman David W.
Published: June 2022

In this study, a data set of 64 Michigan watersheds was utilized to gain insights into fecal contamination sources, drivers, and chemical correlates across seasons for general
E. coli
and human-specific fecal indicators. Results reaffirmed a link between human-specific sources (e.g., septic systems) and microbial water quality.
A 77 Amino Acid Region in the N-Terminal Half of the HSV-1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ICP0 Contributes to Counteracting an Established Type 1 Interferon Response
Authors: Perusina Lanfranca Mirna , van Loben Sels Jessica M. , Ly Cindy Y. , Grams Tristan R. , Dhummakupt Adit , Bloom David C. , Davido David J.
Published: June 2022

Interferons (IFNs) are secreted cellular factors that are induced by viral infection and limit replication. HSV-1 is largely refractory to the antiviral effects of type 1 IFNs, which are synthesized shortly after viral infection, in part through the activities of the viral regulatory protein, ICP0.
Impact of Fast SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing on Patients’ Length of Stay in an Emergency Department
Authors: Baron Audrey , Peyrony Olivier , Salmona Maud , Mahjoub Nadia , Ellouze Sami , Anastassiou Maud , Delaugerre Constance , Fontaine Jean-Paul , Chevret Sylvie , LeGoff Jerome , Feghoul Linda
Published: June 2022

During COVID-19 pandemic upsurges, emergency departments had to deal with a massive flow of incoming patients. The need for COVID-19 infection status determination before medical ward admission worsened ED overcrowding.
Mycobiome Dysbiosis in Women with Intrauterine Adhesions
Authors: Liu Ning-Ning , Zhao Xingping , Tan Jing-Cong , Liu Sheng , Li Bo-Wen , Xu Wan-Xing , Peng Lin , Gu Pan , Li Waixing , Shapiro Rebecca , Zheng Xiaoqi , Zhao Wenjing , Jiang Yi-Guo , Chen Dan , Xu Dabao , Wang Hui
Published: June 2022

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) often leads to hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, repeat miscarriages, and infertility. It has been prevalent over the last few decades in up to 13% of women who experience pregnancy termination during the first trimester, and 30% of women undergo dilation and curettage after a late, spontaneous abortion.
Epidemiological Characteristics of OXA-232-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated during Nosocomial Clonal Spread Associated with Environmental Colonization
Authors: Han Xinhong , Chen Ying , Zhou Junxin , Shi Qiucheng , Jiang Yan , Wu Xueqing , Quan Jingjing , Hu Huangdu , Wang Qian , Yu Yunsong , Fu Ying
Published: June 2022

OXA-232 is a variant of OXA-48 carbapenemase, which has been increasingly reported in nosocomial outbreaks in ICUs. However, the OXA-232-CRKP transmission relationship between the environment and patients in ICUs was still not clear.
Supplemental Material: Reworking of Yangtze crust into the mantle lithosphere of the North China Craton along the Dabie–East Qinling Orogen: Evidence from the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks
Authors: Zhang Feifei , al. et
Published: June 2022

Table S1: Zircon U-Pb dating results for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the eastern and western NHB and Daying Volcanics in East Qinling Orogen. Table S2: Zircon in-situ Hf-O analytical results for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the eastern and western NHB and Daying Volcanics in East Qinling Orogen. Table S3: In-situ major element compositions of clinopyroxenes from eastern North Huaiyang belt. Table S4: Major oxides, elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic analytical results for the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the eastern and western NHB and Daying Volcanics in East Qinling Orogen.
Inguinal lymph node metastasis in treated breast cancer: an extremely rare presentation and review of literature
Authors: Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Muraleedharan Anupam , Mahapatra Bikash Ranjan , Adhya Amit Kumar
Published: June 2022

Metastasis to inguinal lymph nodes from breast cancer is extremely rare and only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a case of a postmenopausal female patient who was a treated case of right breast cancer and developed inguinal metastases after 9 months. An excisional biopsy of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. A positron emission tomography–CT scan revealed retropectoral and pelvic lymphadenopathy. The patient was treated with palliative radiotherapy to the inguinal and pelvic regions followed by palliative chemotherapy. The patient survived for 4 months after the detection of inguinal metastasis.
Rare case of a low energy traumatic anterior dislocation of the native hip
Authors: Watts Daniel , Hourston George JM , Rooney Aaron , Johal Sim
Published: June 2022

Anterior dislocations of the native hip are rare injuries, and normally a result of high energy trauma such as road traffic accidents. Delays in reduction of over 12 hours have been shown to increase the risk of avascular necrosis to the head of the femur significantly. We report the case of an elderly man who sustained an anterior dislocation of his native hip following a fall. The case highlights that prompt appropriate management can lead to excellent clinical outcomes.
Effect of intramuscular midazolam premedication on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia: a randomised control trial
Authors: Song Seung Woo , Jin Younghyun , Lim Hyunjae , Lee Jonghoon , Lee Kwang Ho
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the effect of premedication with intramuscular midazolam on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia.

Trial design, setting and participants

Double-blind, parallel randomised control trial at a tertiary care medical centre in South Korea. Initially, 140 women aged 20–65 years who underwent general anaesthesia and had an American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification of I or II were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group, and 134 patients (intervention n=65; control n=69) completed the study.

Intervention

Intramuscular administration of midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) or placebo (normal saline 0.01 mL/kg) on arrival at the preoperative holding area.

Main outcomes

The primary outcome was the patient’s overall satisfaction with the anaesthesia experience as determined by questionnaire responses on the day after surgery. Satisfaction was defined as a response of 3 or 4 on a five-point scale (0–4). The secondary outcomes included blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen desaturation, recovery duration and postoperative pain.

Results

Patients who received midazolam were more satisfied than those who received placebo (percentage difference: 21.0%, OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.46 to 8.70). A subgroup analysis revealed that this difference was greater in patients with anxiety, defined as those whose Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale anxiety score was ≥11, than that for the whole sample population (percentage difference: 24.0%, OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.25 to 14.96). Both groups had similar heart rates, blood pressure and oxygen desaturation.

Conclusion

Intramuscular administration of midazolam in women before general anaesthesia in the preoperative holding area improved self-reported satisfaction with the anaesthesia experience, with an acceptable safety profile.

Trial registration number

KCT0006002.
Development and internal validation of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System-2 Risk screening Tool (EOSS-2 Risk Tool) for weight-related health complications: a case-control study in a representative sample of Australian adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: Atlantis Evan , John James Rufus , Hocking SL , Peters Kath , Williams Kathryn , Dugdale Paul , Fahey P
Published: June 2022

Objective

Excess weight and related health complications remain under diagnosed and poorly treated in general practice. We aimed to develop and validate a brief screening tool for determining the presence of unknown clinically significant weight-related health complications for potential application in general practice.

Design

We considered 14 self-reported candidate predictors of clinically significant weight-related health complications according to the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS score of ≥2) and developed models using multivariate logistic regression across training and test data sets. The final model was chosen based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic; and validated using sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value.

Setting and participants

We analysed cross-sectional data from the Australian Health Survey 2011–2013 sample aged between 18 and 65 years (n=7518) with at least overweight and obesity.

Results

An EOSS≥2 classification was present in 78% of the sample. Of 14 candidate risk factors, 6 (family history of diabetes, hypertension, high sugar in blood/urine, high cholesterol and self-reported bodily pain and disability) were automatically included based on definitional or obvious correlational criteria. Three variables were retained in the final multivariate model (age, self-assessed health and history of depression/anxiety). The EOSS-2 Risk Tool (index test) classified 89% of those at ‘extremely high risk’ (≥25 points), 67% of those at ‘very high risk’ (7–24 points) and 42% of those at ‘high risk’ (<7 points) of meeting diagnostic criteria for EOSS≥2 (reference).

Conclusion

The EOSS-2 Risk Tool is a simple, safe and accurate screening tool for diagnostic criteria for clinically significant weight-related complications for potential application in general practice. Research to determine the feasibility and applicability of the EOSS-2 Risk Tool for improving weight management approaches in general practice is warranted.
A scoping review of real-time automated clinical deterioration alerts and evidence of impacts on hospitalised patient outcomes
Authors: Blythe Robin , Parsons Rex , White Nicole M , Cook David , McPhail Steven
Published: June 2022

Background

Hospital patients experiencing clinical deterioration are at greater risk of adverse events. Monitoring patients through early warning systems is widespread, despite limited published evidence that they improve patient outcomes. Current limitations including infrequent or incorrect risk calculations may be mitigated by integration into electronic medical records. Our objective was to examine the impact on patient outcomes of systems for detecting and responding to real-time, automated alerts for clinical deterioration.

Methods

This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. We searched Medline, CINAHL and Embase for articles implementing real-time, automated deterioration alerts in hospitalised adults evaluating one or more patient outcomes including intensive care unit admission, length of stay, in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest and in-hospital death.

Results

Of 639 studies identified, 18 were included in this review. Most studies did not report statistically significant associations between alert implementation and better patient outcomes. Four studies reported statistically significant improvements in two or more patient outcomes, and were the only studies to directly involve the patient’s clinician. However, only one of these four studies was robust to existing trends in patient outcomes. Of the six studies using robust study designs, one reported a statistically significant improvement in patient outcomes; the rest did not detect differences.

Conclusions

Most studies in this review did not detect improvements in patient outcomes following the implementation of real-time deterioration alerts. Future implementation studies should consider: directly involving the patient’s physician or a dedicated surveillance nurse in structured response protocols for deteriorating patients; the workflow of alert recipients; and incorporating model features into the decision process to improve clinical utility.
The clinical relevance of humoral immune responses to Globo H-KLH vaccine adagloxad simolenin (OBI-822)/OBI-821 and expression of Globo H in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Hung Jung-Tung , Chen I-Ju , Ueng Shir-Hwa , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Chen Shin-Cheh , Chen Mu-Yi , Lin Yung-Chang , Lin Chun-Yen , Campbell Michael J , Rugo Hope S , Yu Alice L
Published: June 2022

An international randomized phase II trial of Globo H (GH) vaccine, adagloxad simolenin/OBI-821 in 349 patients with metastatic breast cancer showed longer progression-free survival (PFS) in vaccinated patients who developed anti-Globo H (anti-GH) IgG than those who did not and the placebo group. The impacts of anti-GH IgM and GH expression on peak anti-GH IgG and clinical outcome were further evaluated. The titers of anti-GH IgG and IgM were determined by ELISA. GH expression in tumor was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Immunophenotyping was conducted by flow cytometry. Adagloxad simolenin elicited anti-GH IgM which peaked at titers ≥1:80 between weeks 5 and 13. The mean anti-GH IgG titer peaked at week 41 and decreased thereafter on the completion of vaccination. One log increase in peak IgM was associated with 10.6% decrease in the HR of disease progression (HR: 0.894, 95% CI: 0.833 to 0.960, p=0.0019). Patients with anti-GH IgM ≥1:320 within first 4 weeks after vaccination had significantly higher maximum anti-GH IgM (p<0.0001) and IgG titers (p<0.0001) than those with <1:320. Moreover, the median PFS appears to be longer for patients with anti-GH IgM ≥1:320 within first 4 weeks than those with anti-GH IgM titer <1:320 (11.1 vs 7.3 months, p=0.164), but not statistically significant. Among patients with H score ≥80 for GH expression by immunohistochemistry, the vaccination group (n=42) seemed to have better PFS than the placebo group (n=23) (HR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.10, p=0.10), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition, peak levels of anti-GH IgM were higher in patients who had lower percentage of activated regulatory T cells (Treg cells; CD4+CD45RA-Foxp3high) at baseline than those who had higher activated Treg cells (p=0.042). This study demonstrates that adagloxad simolenin induced both IgG and IgM antibodies against GH. Anti-GH IgM ≥1:320 within first 4 weeks or low activated Treg cells at baseline may help to select patients who are likely to produce a higher level of GH-specific IgM and IgG in the future.
Super large-bore ingestion of clot (SLIC) leads to high first pass effect in thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion
Authors: Massari Francesco , Dabus Guilherme , Cortez Gustavo M , Singh Jasmeet , Kuhn Anna Luisa , Naragum Varun , Anagnostakou Vania , Hanel Ricardo A , Gounis Matthew J , Puri Ajit S
Published: June 2022

Background

Super large-bore aspiration (SLBA) has shown high rates of complete clot ingestion.

Objective

To report the initial clinical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this novel SLBA insert combination—super large-bore ingestion of clot (SLIC) technique for stroke.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of three comprehensive stroke center databases. The SLIC technique entails a triaxial assembly of an 8 Fr 0.106″ Base Camp catheter, 0.088″ catheter extender (HiPoint), and an insert catheter (Tenzing 8) that completely consumes the inner diameter of the 0.088″ SLBA catheter. The HiPoint catheter is delivered over the Tenzing 8 to the face of the embolus, which is withdrawn, while aspirating through the Base Camp and HiPoint catheters as a single assembly.

Results

Thirty-three consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion were treated with SLIC. The median age was 70 years (30–91) and 17 were male (51.5%). The median presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score was 21 (1–34) and 8 (5–10), respectively. There was 100% success in delivering the 0.088″ catheter to the site of the occlusion. The successful revascularization rate (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score ≥2B) was 100% within a single pass in most cases (82%). Final mTICI ≥2C was achieved in 94.1% of occlusions, with 73.5% mTICI 3 recanalization. The rate of first pass effect in achieving excellent reperfusion (mTICI ≥2C) was 70.5%. There were no adverse events or postprocedural symptomatic hemorrhages.

Conclusions

Our initial experience with the SLIC technique resulted in achieving a first pass effect (mTICI ≥2C) in 70.5%. Navigation of the SLBA catheter extender over the Tenzing insert was successful and safe in this early experience.
Perioperative Acupuncture Optimizes Surgical Outcomes: Theory, Clinical Practice and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Zhang Hongguang , Wang Shu-Ming , Guo Jingxuan , Ma Yan , Li Yucai , Su Fan , Chi Yongliang
Published: June 2022

A growing body of evidence supports the use of perioperative acupuncture as part of an enhanced postsurgical recovery protocol. Data from both clinical trials and animal studies has shown that the integration of acupuncture into perioperative patient care leads to a reduction of perioperative complications such as preoperative anxiety, intraoperative hemodynamic instability, postoperative pain, postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and postoperative nausea and vomiting in surgical patients. Despite these favorable outcomes, perioperative acupuncture has yet to be widely adopted in current anesthesia practice. This review summarized data from clinical perioperative acupuncture studies and cites recent discoveries regarding the anatomical location and characteristics of acupoint(s), acupuncture stimulation techniques, and treatment practice protocols, as well as identified the areas of deficiency in perioperative acupuncture applications. To facilitate acupuncture integration in perioperative care practice, the authors propose to establish a perioperative acupuncture registry which can be used for data mining as well as a resource for studying the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture. Through this acupuncture registry, clinical guidelines and research protocols can be established, additional large/multi-center clinical and pragmatic trials can be easily performed to determine if the integration and expansion of perioperative acupuncture practice is cost-effective.
Zingiber officinale: A Systematic Review of Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Gut Microbiota-Related Gastrointestinal Benefits
Authors: Lai Wenjing , Yang Shasha , Lin Xia , Zhang Xing , Huang You , Zhou Jingwei , Fu Chaomei , Li Rui , Zhang Zhen
Published: June 2022

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional edible medicinal herb with a wide range of uses and long cultivation history. Fresh ginger (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma; Sheng Jiang in Chinese, SJ) and dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma; Gan Jiang in Chinese, GJ) are designated as two famous traditional Chinese herbal medicines, which are different in plant cultivation, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. Previous researches mainly focused on the differences in chemical composition between them, but there was no systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. Meanwhile, ginger has traditionally been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, but so far, the possible interaction with human gut microbiota has hardly been considered. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between SJ and GJ retrospectively, particularly proposing them the significant differences in botany, phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology, which can be used as evidence for clinical application of SJ and GJ. Furthermore, the pharmacology of gut microbiota-related gastrointestinal benefits has also been discussed in order to explore better ways to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, which can be used as a reference for further research.