bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irreversible Thermic Shock in Rats: Methods and Results of a Standardized Shock Model
Authors: Flenker Hellmut
Published: January 2017

A standardized model for thermic shock in rats is described: 30% of the body surface, i.e. an oval-shaped area from neck to tail and limited by the connecting line between front and back limb, is exposed to 70°C water for 180 seconds. The mean survival time was 2.63 ± 1.22 hours.

Immediately after burn injury, thermic shock developed with decline of respiratory and heart frequency and there was a decrease of arterial blood pressure in the first hour after shock had been induced. Severe decline in pO2 in arterial blood and in ATP occurred 30 minutes after injury and a similar increase in blood glucose, lactate, pCO2 and arterial pH was noted. Pathological changes were demonstrable in liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lung, small intestine and pancreas: disseminated intravascular coagulation and capillary stasis were predominant in all organs; in addition different changes in organs are described (cell injury, oedema etc. in lung, liver, kidney and pancreas).
The Action of the Basic Trypsin Inhibitor, Trasylol, on Shock Resulting from Occlusion of the Superior Mesenteric Artery: Experimental Study
Authors: Dadoukis I , Angouridakis K , Aletras H
Published: January 2017

The action of the enzymic inhibitor Trasylol upon shock from occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in forty-six dogs, arranged in four groups, has been studied. In Group A of controls (thirteen dogs) an intestinal ischaemia of 31/2 hours duration was produced. After removal of the arterial occlusion, shock was produced in eleven dogs, which died within the first 24 hours. A frequent finding at autopsy was haemorrhagic infiltration of the intestinal mucosa and the occurrence of haemorrhagic contents in the intestinal lumen. Histologically, frequent findings were capillary distension and hyperaemia, perivascular haemorrhagic infiltration and superficial or total necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. In Group B (ten dogs), Group C (ten dogs) and Group D (thirteen dogs), the experimental arrangement was similar to that in Group A, except for Trasylol administration. An infusion of Trasylol, 30,000 units/kg body-weight intravenously 10 minutes before occlusion of the artery was given to the experimental animals of Group B, while a second infusion of 30,000 units/kg body-weight into the superior mesenteric artery or intravenously was given to the experimental animals of Group C and Group D, respectively, 10 minutes before the removal of arterial occlusion. The results in Group B were a little better in comparison with those of the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the contrary, significant differences were seen with Group C and Group D. Shock was produced in a small number of experimental animals. Over 50% of the experimental animals survived. The intestinal alterations seen at autopsy and histologically were about the same as in the control group, but at a clearly lower frequency. It is concluded that the administration of enzymic inhibitors may eventually have a practical application in situations of re-establishment of mesenteric circulation after its acute interruption.
First Impressions of the Use of Meptazinol in General Practice
Authors: Wade A G , Ward P J
Published: January 2017

Meptazinol which is a potent opiate antagonist analgesic has been assessed by the oral route at a dose of 200 mg 3–6 hourly. The analgesic profile shows a significant fall in pain score by 2 hours which was the earliest recording time. Satisfactory pain relief was maintained during 3 days of treatment. The side-effect profile was of a low order and there was no adverse effect on haematological and biochemical screens.
An Evaluation of Once-Daily Applications of Diflorasone Diacetate in Eczematous Dermatoses
Authors: Squires D J P , Masson E L
Published: January 2017

The efficacy of once-daily applications of 0.05% diflorasone diacetate in a cream or ointment formulation was evaluated in a 3-week study of 301 patients with eczematous dermatoses. The lesions were classified by severity and included those of an acute, sub-acute or chronic nature. Clinical evaluations were based on overall lesion improvement and improvement in specific signs and symptoms. Over 80% of patients reported the therapy to be good or excellent. Sixteen patients reported side-effects consisting largely of transient burning and stinging.
Benzbromarone Therapy in Hyperuricaemia
Authors: Scott W A McDonald
Published: January 2017

A series of patients with hyperuricaemia associated with rheumatic symptoms were treated with Benzbromarone (Minuric®) and followed over a period of 5 months. Each patient was assessed clinically and biochemically before and at regular monthly intervals during the trial.

All patients showed a marked reduction in serum uric acid levels and a significant increase in urinary uric acid elimination rates. Some degree of clinical improvement was noted in most patients and the drug was well tolerated throughout the study. Two patients were withdrawn during the trial; one because of diarrhoea, probably due to benzbromarone and the other because of lack of efficacy.
Comparison between Two Non-Halogenated Glucocorticoid Ointments in Psoriasis
Authors: Heijer A , Hesser G , Holm P , Salde L
Published: January 2017

Observations made in a controlled double-blind investigation of two non-halogenated topical steroids, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) and budesonide in thirty-six patients with psoriasis revealed a clear difference in therapeutic effect between the two ointments, indicating that they belong to different groups of topical steroids according to a classification accepted in the Nordic countries. Budesonide had a good therapeutic effect in all the patients studied, while, as a rule, HCB was clearly less effective.
Flufenamic Acid and Placebo Compared in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Kagan G , Huddlestone L , Wolstencroft P
Published: January 2017

Forty patients in general practice with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis were identified as suffering from moderate pain and tenderness and moderate stiffness in excess of 30 minutes.

After discontinuation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks, a crossover study was conducted comparing the benefits of flufenamic acid, 100 mg, four times daily with placebo. At the same time, paracetamol at a dose up to 8 × 500 mg daily, could be used for pain which the patient judged to be unrelieved.

Thirty-four patients completed the two 3-week test periods and twenty-one patients were improved in relation to morning stiffness and pain by flufenamic acid and twelve patients by placebo – a difference greater than would have occurred by chance (p = 0.05).

At the same time, paracetamol consumption was reduced significantly from a mean of 91.29 tablets to 60.68 tablets for each 3-week period.

Side-effects occurred in ten patients on placebo and fifteen patients on flufenamic acid. One patient on each medication had to discontinue for multiple side-effects. Diarrhoea occurred in two patients on flufenamic acid and in one patient on placebo. Flufenamic acid is clearly effective and side-effects do not occur more often than would be expected by chance when compared with placebo.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Ibuprofen, ASA-Codeine-Caffeine Compound and Placebo in the Treatment of Dental Surgery Pain
Authors: Squires D J P , Masson E L
Published: January 2017

A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in eighty-seven patients with mild, moderate or severe dental surgery pain to evaluate the analgesic activity of a single oral dose of the following compounds: (i) ibuprofen 400 mg, (ii) ACC-30 (a compound containing ASA 375 mg; codeine phosphate 30 mg; caffeine citrate 30 mg), (iii) placebo.

Ibuprofen was significantly better than ACC-30 and placebo on almost all pain intensity, degree of relief and duration of analgesia parameters. ACC-30 was not significantly different from placebo on any analgesic measurement. No serious side-effects were reported with any of the study medications.
Double-Blind Crossover Study of Carbuterol and Salbutamol in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Misra N P , Tiwari U C , Khemchandani G T
Published: January 2017

A double-blind crossover comparative study between carbuterol 3 mg thrice daily, carbuterol 2 mg thrice daily and salbutamol 4 mg thrice daily by the oral route was conducted in thirty patients suffering from bronchial asthma, selected at random, with more than 20% reduction in airway obstruction following isoprenaline inhalation. Each patient received all three drugs consecutively, each for 6 days, with a wash-out period in-between. The present study established a relative superiority of carbuterol 3 mg thrice daily over carbuterol 2 mg and salbutamol 4 mg thrice daily as evidenced by a higher percentage of subjective improvement (78.8%), preference shown by more cases (17/27), and need of additional drugs in a minimum number of cases (6/27), and significant improvement in FEV and MMEFR (p < 0.05). Salbutamol is known to produce tachycardia and a rise in blood pressure. There were no adverse side-effects on the cardiovascular system but unlike salbutamol, carbuterol produced a fall in pulse rate and blood pressure which should make carbuterol more acceptable to patients, especially on prolonged usage. There was an absence of significant side-effects on the haemopoietic system and kidneys; other side-effects observed with all three types of treatment were of a minor nature and did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug.

Thus, carbuterol is an effective and safe selective beta-adrenergic stimulant, is relatively free from side-effects, and has a sustained bronchodilator effect, an advantage in therapeutic application, and is, as a result, a new effective drug in the management of bronchial asthma.
Prospective Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Amoxycillin Administered Twice or Four Times Daily in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Daschner F D , Behre U , Dalhoff A
Published: January 2017

Thirty-four children with upper or lower respiratory tract infections were randomly allocated to receive either a twice daily or four times daily dose of 50 mg amoxycillin/kg body-weight/day. Mean duration of therapy was identical in both groups. Peak and trough antibiotic concentrations were determined. Eradication of bacteria, clinical improvement and side-effects were comparable in both groups.
The Use of Antimicrobials in the Mouth
Authors: Cannell John S
Published: January 2017

The use of antimicrobials in the mouth, particularly in the form of antiseptic mouth-washes, is widely practised. The purposes for which such treatment is used are very diverse and reports are widely scattered throughout the literature. It is the purpose of this review to bring together diverse literature references and to present a short but comprehensive survey of the subject.
pHresh 3.5: A New Low pH Liquid Skin Cleanser
Authors: Shellow William V R
Published: January 2017

pHresh 3.5, a new low pH liquid skin cleanser, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in four clinical studies. In 5- and 21-day predictive patch tests the cleanser was rated mild compared to four other widely used cleansers. As a degreasing agent it was found effective during a 4-week study period, especially in subjects with severe facial oiliness. Daily use of the product for a month in tretinoin-treated acne patients failed to indicate any lack of compatability of the two agents. Resolution of pre-existing skin irritation was not impaired by pHresh 3.5 usage.
Controlled Clinical Trial with Fentiazac Cream in Sport Microtraumatology
Authors: Sinniger M , Blanchard P
Published: January 2017

Fentiazac 5% cream was applied topically on limited articular and extraarticular inflammatory lesions in the course of a double-blind clinical trial versus placebo.

The drug proved to be satisfactorily tolerated and also therapeutically effective since it changed significantly (p < 0.05 — < 0.01) the spontaneous course of the microtraumatic pathologic pattern producing an early attenuation and resolution of the painful and functional symptomatic pattern.
Sustained Antihypertensive Response with Minizide: Long-Term Follow-Up in a Multicentre Study
Authors: Woeltjen A E , Gordon A J
Published: January 2017

The safety and effectiveness of prazosin hydrochloride combined with polythiazide for the treatment of hypertension was studied in four European countries by ten investigators. One-hundred and seventy-seven adult male and female patients, 91% with essential hypertension, were treated for an average of 7 months. Reductions from placebo-controlled baseline blood pressure exceeded 15% over the 8-week short-term phase of the study with further reductions of up to 22% observed at the end of the study. Ninety-six per cent of all patients completed therapy with a diastolic blood presssure of 90 mm Hg or less. Most patients were adequately controlled on 2 tablets or less once daily. Each tablet contained 0.5 mg prazosin hydrochloride and 0.25 mg polythiazide. Long-term toleration was excellent. Side-effects were typical of those expected with antihypertensive medication and nearly all were reported during the first 8 weeks of treatment with no interruption or discontinuation of drug. Nearly all patients were followed throughout for laboratory changes. There were minimal changes consistent with the therapy and there was no pattern indicative of toxic potential.

It is concluded that the drug combination, Minizide, is effective and well tolerated as initial and long-term therapy in hypertension and that the convenient dosage regimen will lead to enhanced treatment compliance for this chronic condition.
Effects of Bezafibrate on Low HDL-Cholesterol in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Noring L , Kjellin K G , Ledermann H
Published: January 2017

Bezafibrate is a new lipid-lowering agent that quite consistently increases low HDL-cholesterol values in hyperlipoproteinaemic patients. The possible role of HDL-cholesterol as an anti-atherogenic factor has been frequently discussed, mainly in patients with ischaemic heart disease but recently also in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD). This is the first pilot study in six selected patients suffering from ICD who had at the same time low HDL-cholesterol values (< = 1.1 mmol/l) with otherwise normal lipids. After a wash-out period of 2 months duration these patients were treated with 200 mg bezafibrate t.i.d. for 2 months. They were then followed up for another 8 months.

Bezafibrate therapy increased HDL-cholesterol (range 45–130%). Eight months after cessation of therapy five patients have returned to pathologically low HDL-levels and the sixth patient also has a relatively low value of 1.2 mmol/l.

This small preliminary study cannot, however, provide evidence about the possible beneficial role of increasing HDL-cholesterol in patients with ICD. Further investigations are therefore in progress.
A Controlled Trial with Diclofensine, a New Psychoactive Drug, in the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Cherpillod C , Omer L M O
Published: January 2017

Diclofensine inhibits the uptake of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. In a controlled study, out-patients suffering from moderate to severe depression were treated with the objective of assessing the new drug's therapeutically effective dose range. Maprotiline was used as a reference drug: fourteen patients were assigned to receive diclofensine and thirteen to receive maprotiline in a double-blind design. Depending on tolerance and efficacy, they were treated for periods ranging from 5 to 150 days. Doses were titrated to the optimum. Findings suggest that a 50 mg daily dose of diclofensine would be sufficient for the majority of the patients. The dosage can be safely increased up to 150 mg daily but this offers few therapeutic advantages. While the efficacy index of the two drugs was similar (approximately 60%), they differed greatly in their profile of side-effects. No signs of abrupt dissipation of the achieved clinical effects were observed during continued treatment, and no withdrawal reactions were observed when the treatment was stopped. The new drug may be more effective in treating patients in whom a psycho-energizing and mood alleviating effect is desired.
The Use of Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren®) Suppositories as an Antipyretic in Children with Fever Due to Acute Infections: A Double-Blind, Between-Patient, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Polman H A , Huijbers W A R , Augusteijn R
Published: January 2017

In a placebo-controlled double-blind, between-patient trial the antipyretic effect of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren®) was studied in forty-three children ranging from 2–10 years of age.

All patients were hospitalized because of acute illness associated with fever (38.5° C-40.4° C; mean 39.3° C) due to viral or bacterial infections.

The trial medication was given in the form of suppositories containing 25 mg of diclofenac sodium or as matching placebo to children aged from 2–5 years. The children aged from 6–10 years received a 50 mg diclofenac sodium suppository or placebo. Body temperature and pulse rate were measured at the time of administration and after 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. The results showed a return to normal temperature values after 2 hours in all patients receiving diclofenac sodium, whereas in the placebo group only minimal changes were observed.

No unwanted effects were reported.
Piperacillin Sodium (A Phase III Clinical Trial)
Authors: Macbeth W A A G
Published: January 2017

Twenty-one patients with a variety of clinical infections were treated with Piperacillin Sodium intravenously. One case was considered to be a therapeutic failure. Two further cases were incapable of scientific assessment with respect to their response as no satisfactory pathogen could be identified in spite of a significant febrile illness. In all the other patients in the study a good clinical response was deemed to have been achieved. In nine of these patients, a microbiological cure was also achieved. In the remainder, because of the nature of their clinical problem, no final microbiological sample was available for culture due to the absence of any infective material. Only one adverse incident was encountered (a thrombo-phlebitis, in relation to the intravenous avenue of administration).
Comparison of Serum Theophylline Levels with Plain and Slow-Release Aminophylline in Patients with Airway Obstruction
Authors: Muittari Antero , Allonen Hannu
Published: January 2017

Twenty-two patients suffering from asthma or chronic bronchitis were treated in a double-blind crossover study with a slow-release and with a conventional aminophylline preparation. The serum theophylline concentrations were maintained longer with the slow-release preparation, and the morning through levels were 21% higher (p < 0.05 for the difference) than with the plain preparation. The serum levels of theophylline were low with the small daily doses used, and there was no clear correlation between lessening of the obstruction and serum theophylline.
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics in Man of Acipimox, a New Antilipolytic and Hypolipemic Agent
Authors: Musatti L , Maggi E , Moro E , Valzelli G , Tamassia V
Published: January 2017

Two separate studies were performed: in the first study four healthy male volunteers received three single oral doses (150, 250 and 400 mg) of 5-methylpyrazine carboxylic acid 4-oxide (acipimox) according to a randomized sequence. Plasma levels of the drug were determined by RIA and urinary excretion by HPLC.

In the second trial the effect of food on the drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetics during repeated administration was investigated in six volunteers. The RIA method was adopted to measure plasma and urine levels.

Acipimox was rapidly and almost completely absorbed after the three single doses.

About 90% of the administered dose was recovered as unchanged drug in urine collected up to 24 h. Peak plasma levels, area under plasma level curves and urinary excretion were linearly related to the administered dose.

The presence of food in the gastro-intestinal tract did not adversely affect the bioavailability of the drug. No significant changes were noted in the rate of elimination after 6 days of treatment with 250 mg t.i.d. Plasma levels determined after the 19th dose were in good agreement with those predicted on the assumption of linear pharmacokinetics and a one-compartment open model, with a half-life of about 2 h.
A Palatability Comparison between a Granular and a Tablet Colloid Bulk-Forming Agent
Authors: Roche S W , Tobin Margaret , Fielding J F
Published: January 2017

Normacol Special Granules were significantly more palatable than Celevac tablets. This applied overall, in those over 60 years of age, in those under 40 years of age and in both males and females. Order taken had no effect on palatability. Normacol Special Granules are the most palatable of the currently commonly used colloidal bulk-forming agents.
Cipropride in Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Severely Emetic Cytostatic Agents
Authors: Serrou B , Cupissol D , Rosenfeld Cl , Metz R , Coquelin J Ph , Sauvanet J P
Published: January 2017

Cipropride, a new anti-emetic agent, was administered to forty-six subjects with a view to preventing Dacarbazine- and Cis-platinium-induced nausea and vomiting. From a total number of 196 cytostatic courses of treatment results were assessed as excellent and good in, respectively, 18% and 71.4% of cases.
Experience with Once-Daily and Twice-Daily Slow-Release Frusemide in Hypertension
Authors: Vadász T A , Chadha Dev R
Published: January 2017

Out of thirty-six patients with mild to moderate hypertension twenty-six patients completed a double-blind comparison of slow-release frusemide at two dose levels, and placebo. The two groups differed in their age pattern, baseline level of blood pressure and response to a low-salt diet during the wash-out/run-in period. Despite the lack of comparability of the two groups, firm clinical inferences could be drawn from the study. Seven of the eighteen placebo patients had to be withdrawn from further participation because of deterioration in their hypertension: in contrast, fifteen of the eighteen frusemide patients showed an anti-hypertensive response and none was withdrawn because of lack of effect. Twice-daily administration of the slow-release formulation, however, produced an unacceptable level of such side-effects as nocturia, nausea and vomiting. Once-daily administration of the preparation is therefore preferred.
A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Nabumetone and Naproxen in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fostiropoulos G , Croydon E A P
Published: January 2017

A single-blind crossover study of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nabumetone (1000 mg/day) and naproxen (500 mg/day) was performed in thirty patients suffering from definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Nabumetone significantly improved the various parameters assessed, while this was not observed with naproxen. The superiority of nabumetone over naproxen appeared for the anti-inflammatory activity (e.g. E.S.R., articular index, P.I.P. joint circumference, grip strength) as well as for the analgesic activity (patient's opinion). The clinical tolerance appeared equally good for both drugs.
Double-Blind Crossover Study of Nabumetone versus Naproxen in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Verbruggen L A , Cytryn E , Pintens H
Published: January 2017

Twenty-one patients entered a double-blind crossover study to compare nabumetone with naproxen. After a I-week run-in period using a coated acetylsalicylic acid preparation, ten patients received nabumetone (1 g at night) over a period of 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on naproxen (250 mg b.i.d), while eleven patients received the same treatments in the reverse order.

Morning stiffness, overall pain and night pain showed no significant difference after either treatment. A wide range of objective measurements were made relating to the hips, knees, and cervical and lumbar spine. No statistically significant differences were observed in the relatively small number of patients involved. Both treatments, however, appeared to produce a similar improvement in the patients. The physician's assessment showed that improvement occurred in a majority of the patients over the total trial period.

Both drugs were considered to be equally effective and were both well tolerated. There was no special patient preference for either the first or second treatment. A total of eight patients reported side-effects, three during naproxen alone, three during both treatments, and two during the run-in period. In terms of tolerance, fifteen patients had no drug preference, six preferred nabumetone, none preferred naproxen. No evidence was found of changes in renal, hepatic or haematopoietic function with the two drugs tested.
Bioavailability Study on a New Slow-Release Formulation of Ketoprofen
Authors: Caruso I , Frigerio E , Fumagalli M , Liverta C , Moro L , Tamassia V
Published: January 2017

Four healthy subjects volunteered for a crossover bioavailability study to compare the rate and extent of absorption of plain capsules and new slow-release capsules of ketoprofen.

The formulations were administered in two consecutive 4-day periods at the following dose schedules: 2 × 50 mg plain capsules t.i.d. and 150 mg slow-release capsules b.i.d.

The plasma levels profile of unchanged ketoprofen was assessed by GLC during the 4th day of treatment with each formulation.

The absorption from slow-release capsules was slower and more sustained than from plain capsules but almost complete.

The bioavailability properties of new slow-release capsules of ketoprofen appear suitable for clinical use with reduced frequency of daily dosing.
Results Obtained with Piracetam in Foetal Distress during Labour
Authors: Huaman E J , Hassoun R , Itahashi C M , Pereda G J , Mejia M A
Published: January 2017

A double-blind study was performed on ninety-six parturients of the Lima Maternity Hospital, Peru, with some evidence of foetal distress who were given indistinguishably piracetam or a placebo at random in order to investigate the effects of the drug on the foetus.

The conditions of the new-born babies who had received Piracetam were superior to those of the babies treated with the placebo, as evaluated with the Apgar at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after birth and on the basis of the neurological and clinical examination as from 24 hours until they were released.

In addition, the reduction of the duration of the labour in the patients treated with Piracetam as compared with the control group was obvious.
Clinical Evaluation of Three-Day Treatment of Vaginal Mycosis with Clotrimazole Vaginal Tablets
Authors: Mizuno Shigemitsu , Cho Nankun
Published: January 2017

A double-blind study was conducted comparing a 3-day (200 mg once a day for 3 consecutive days) treatment with a 6-day (100 mg once a day for 6 consecutive days) treatment of clotrimazole inpatients with vaginal mycoses.

Two days after therapy, fungal eradication was achieved in 87·7% of the patients who received 3-day therapy and 89·1% of patients who received 6-day therapy.

With regard to the clinical assessment, 2 days after therapy the symptoms had disappeared in 54·4%, improved in 42·1%, were unchanged in 1·8%, and aggravated in 1·8% of the 3-day therapy group. The corresponding values in the 6-day group were 63·6%, 34·5%, 1·8% and 0%.

Reappearance of fungi was found 2 weeks after therapy in 15·6% of the 3-day treatment group and 8·7% of the 6-day treatment group. No adverse reactions were seen in either group which necessitated the discontinuation of therapy.

There were no statistical differences between any of the above results and it is therefore concluded that 3-day clotrimazole therapy is an effective treatment for primary vaginal mycosis.
Treatment of Osteoarthrosis of the Spine: A Comparison of Flurbiprofen and Diclofenac
Authors: Famaey J P , Ginsberg F
Published: January 2017

Forty patients with osteoarthrosis of the spine were entered in a 9-week randomized double-blind crossover trial to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerance of a twice daily regime of flurbiprofen 100 mg with diclofenac 50 mg also given twice daily. There were nineteen patients on the sequence flurbiprofen/diclofenac and twenty-one patients on the reverse sequence, diclofenac/flurbiprofen.

Statistically significant improvements were reported for both treatments during the study with respect to pain at rest, pain in the upright position and pain at night and also for the amount of forward flexion, flexion to the right and flexion to the left. Both treatments were equally effective with respect to the degree of improvement shown for these parameters.

While the majority of patients on each treatment were considered to be better or even much better, there were no differences between the two drugs with respect to either the physician's or the patient's judgement of patient's progress or with respect to the patient's treatment preference. No important changes in the laboratory data were noted with values remaining within the normal limits.

Both drugs were well tolerated with only a few transient side-effects, mostly gastro-intestinal in nature, being reported.

On the basis of this trial, flurbiprofen, administered on a twice daily basis, and diclofenac, also given twice daily, have equal therapeutic effects in the treatment of patients with osteoarthrosis of the spine.

This study demonstrates the acceptability and efficacy of a twice daily regime of flurbiprofen 100 mg in osteoarthrosis of the spine.
Anaesthesia with Continuous Thiopentone Infusion, Epidural Morphine and Relaxant
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Yaw , Farag Hesham , Naguib Mohamed
Published: January 2017

Twenty-three patients undergoing surgery below T.6 dermatome were anaesthetized with epidural morphine 20 mg in 15 ml of saline, thiopentone drip 0·04–0·1 mg/kg/min. and pancuronium 0·1 mg/kg. The patients had satisfactory analgesia intra-operatively. Post-operative analgesia lasted for varying periods ranging from 13 hours to 24 hours and above. The cardiovascular system was stable. Post-epidural morphine complications of respiratory depression (three patients), urinary retention (one patient) and pruritus (one patient) were seen and they were managed successfully.
Open Safety-In-Use Trial of a New High-Potency Antacid Product
Authors: Pawlowski Gerald J , Krondl A , Darke A C
Published: January 2017

In an open safety-in-use study, the subjective effectiveness and taste acceptability of a new high-potency antacid product were compared to previous treatment in 109 patients presenting with upper gastro-intestinal disorders of functional origin. Severity of the dominant symptoms prior to treatment was compared with that of symptoms present during treatment. Sixty-seven per cent to 73% of upper gastro-intestinal tract symptoms were completely relieved. Eighty-three per cent versus 48% of patients seen in a private practice setting, as compared with the speciality practice, reported good to excellent results, with 92% versus 56% describing good to excellent taste acceptability. When compared with previous antacid therapy, 70% of the patients preferred the new high-potency formulation to the regular-strength products, for both effectiveness and taste. The incidence of product-related side effects was low, with only 6·7% experiencing the diarrhoea or loose stools commonly associated with conventional products containing magnesium hydroxide.
Irish General Practice Study of Acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: Tattersall A B , Bridgman K M , Huitson A
Published: January 2017

The results of this general practice study in 248 patients suggest that acetylcysteine (Fabrol) administered orally for 2 months to patients with chronic bronchitis effectively changes the viscosity and character of sputum with resultant ease of expectoration and cough severity. There was a notable improvement in associated abnormal physical signs such as the presence of rhonchi, crepitations and symptoms including dyspnoea at rest. Tolerability was good, with 77% of patients experiencing no side-effects.
A Comparison of the Bioavailability of Two Carbamazepine Preparations (200 and 400 mg Tablets)
Authors: Monaco Francesco , Porcella Vittoria
Published: January 2017

A 2-week open, randomized, crossover study was conducted in epileptic patients on chronic therapy, who took either carbamazepine (CBZ) 200 or CBZ 400 mg tablets. The oral dose was 1200 or 1600 mg/day, according to individual needs. There was no difference in absorption or steady-state levels between the two preparations.

The new galenic preparation of CBZ will help the neurologist to reduce the number of tablets taken by severe epileptic patients, with no risk but only benefits for the subjects.
Diprolene® Cream in the Treatment of Severe or Resistant Corticosteroid-Responsive Dermatoses
Authors: Lodolo J C
Published: January 2017

In a 2-week open study Diprolene®* Cream was administered to fifty patients with severe or resistant psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or other corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Patients applied 3·5 grams of medication twice daily. Efficacy and safety of this preparation were evaluated in forty-seven and fifty patients, respectively. By the third treatment day, therapeutic response was observed in forty-three of forty-seven (91%) evaluable patients. By treatment Day 14, an 83% decrease in the mean total severity score of signs and symptoms was observed in twenty-two psoriatic patients. Similarly, a 91% reduction in the mean total severity score of signs and symptoms was observed in the twenty-five patients with other severe or resistant corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Transient burning was reported by twenty-five patients, one of whom also developed laminar scaling. Therapy was not discontinued in any of these patients, and none required treatment. Morning plasma cortisol levels remained within normal limits during and after therapy.
The Effect of Povidone-Iodine Paint on Fungal Infection
Authors: Manna V K , Pearse A D , Marks R
Published: January 2017

Povidone-Iodine (Betadine) Paint was used in thirteen patients with a proven fungal infection. Ten patients had pityriasis versicolor, two had trichophyton rubrum and one M. canis. In the pityriasis versicolor group, seven out of the ten patients were either improved or cleared up completely within 7 days. There were no adverse reactions in this group of patients and the material proved quite acceptable to them. Scanning electron micrographs were carried out on three of the patients and demonstrated the decrease in fungal elements after treatment and clinical improvement.
Loratadine (SCH29851) 40 mg Once Daily versus Terfenadine 60 mg Twice Daily in the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Bruttmann G. , Pedrali P.
Published: January 2017

Seventy patients received loratadine 40 mg once daily, terfenadine 60 mg twice daily, or placebo in a 14-day, double-blind, randomized study. Four nasal and four non-nasal symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis were evaluated. At the endpoint (the last evaluable visit), the mean total scores of combined nasal and non-nasal symptoms decreased (improved) from the baseline by 51.8% and 55.7% with loratadine and terfenadine, respectively, but increased (worsened) by 6.1% with placebo. There was a significant difference between both the loratadine and terfenadine treatment groups and the placebo group ( P=0.001) but not between the active medication groups ( P=0.608). Overall therapeutic response was good or excellent in 14 of the 23 patients given loratadine, in 18 of the 24 given terfenadine and in none of the 23 given placebo. The difference between each active medication group and the placebo group was significant ( P≤0.01) but there was no significant difference between the two active treatment groups ( P>0.35). No loratadine patient had any adverse side-effects. Sedating effects occurred in one terfenadine patient, headache in one placebo patient and two terfenadine patients (one terfenadine patient with severe headache discontinued treatment), and dyspepsia in two placebo patients. No anti-cholinergic effects occurred in this study. Loratadine 40 mg once daily was effective and safe in the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
A Treatment for the Acute Migraine Attack
Authors: Adam E. I.
Published: January 2017

A compound analgesic/anti-emetic formulation was significantly effective in reducing the severity of acute attacks of migraine, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of 34 patients referred to a migraine clinic. The preparation contained paracetamol (acetaminophen) 500 mg, codeine phosphate 8 mg, buclizine hydrochloride 6.25 mg and dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 10 mg. The dosage was two tablets taken as early as possible in the acute attack. No specific factors could be identified which influenced response to treatment Patients with a long history of migraine (more than 10 years) responded as well as those with a recent onset of the condition.
Amoxycillin in Bronchitis. Comparison of Two versus Three Daily Doses
Authors: Fassl A. , Muhr R. , Pirker S. , Nahler G.
Published: January 2017

Fifty patients with moderate or severe bronchitis were randomly allocated into groups receiving orally either 1000 mg amoxycillin twice daily or 750 mg three times daily. Overall cure rates (both 92%) and the incidence of side-effects (4% and 8%, respectively) were similar in both groups. A twice daily regimen, therefore, seems to be as effective as conventional treatment and has the advantage of being more convenient for the patient
Comparison of a Modified Hydrocortisone/Urea Cream and Betamethasone Valerate Cream in the Treatment of Dry Eczema
Authors: Williamson D. M.
Published: January 2017

A half-sided, single-blind, comparative study of a new modified formulation of 1% hydrocortisone/10% urea and 0.1% betamethasone valerate cream in the treatment of dry eczema showed that the two products were equally effective at the end of 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment in terms of efficacy and speed of action. No statistically significant differences could be detected between either preparation in any of the trial's measures (i.e. overall severity score, dryness/scaling, erythema, papules, itching, excoriation or lichenification) at any of the weekly assessments. The incidence of side-effects was the same with both treatments and patients' preference was equally divided between the two creams.
A Post-Marketing Acceptability Study in 11685 Patients of the Efficacy of Timolol/Bendrofluazide in the Management of Hypertension in General Practice
Authors: Marsh B. T. , Atkins M. J. , Talbot D. J. , Fairey I. T.
Published: January 2017

A post-marketing acceptability study was performed in 11 685 patients to assess the efficacy and acceptability of 10 mg timolol/2.5 mg bendrofluazide in patients with mild to moderate hypertension in general practice. The initial dose was 1 tablet/day. This was adjusted at weekly intervals up to a maximum of 4 tablets/day or until blood pressures of ≤95 mmHg diastolic or, in patients of ≥60 years, ≤100 mmHg plus the patient's age (in years) systolic, were achieved. Stabilized patients were followed-up after 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Of the patients enrolled, 69% (8039) were successfully treated for at least 8 weeks, 26% (3033) were withdrawn and 5% (613) defaulted. One tablet/day was required by 61% of patients and 29% required 2 tablets/day to achieve stabilization. The mean reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse rate were 31 and 19 mmHg, and 11 beats/min, respectively. Over 60% of the patients enrolled were still taking timolol/bendrofluazide after 12 months' continuous therapy. The most frequently reported reason for withdrawal was an ‘adverse event’ which occurred in 15.4% (1805) of patients. Only 1.9% (217) failed to achieve target blood pressure on 4 tablets/day. This large study has shown timolol/bendrofluazide to be a highly effective and acceptable once daily therapy for mild to moderate hypertension in general practice.
A Comparison of Pivmecillinam/Pivampicillin and Amoxycillin in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: Atkins M. J. , Talbot D. J.
Published: January 2017

Courses of 7 days on either 200 mg pivmecillinam/250 mg pivampicillin given twice daily or 250 mg amoxycillin given three times daily were compared in 3783 general practice patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in a single-blind parallel group study. Patients on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin had significantly more ‘excellent’ responses, although there was no difference in overall response between treatments. Post-treatment sputum colour and consistency and peak expiratory flow rates were significantly better with pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. The incidence of side-effects was the same for both groups (approximately 10%), although significantly more patients reported lower gastro-intestinal problems with amoxycillin. Treatment was withdrawn due to side-effects in 47 (2.5%) patients on pivmecillinam/pivampicillin and 51 (2.7%) patients on amoxycillin. Amoxycillin is a standard therapy in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. In this study, however, it was shown that pivmecillinam/pivampicillin offers benefits over amoxycillin in these patients.
Effects of a Defibrotide—Heparin Combination on Some Measures of Haemostasis in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Pogliani E. M. , Salvatore M. , Fowst C. , Girardello R. , Marelli C.
Published: January 2017

In an open-study design five healthy volunteers were first given 2500 IU sodium heparin intravenously and then, after 72 h, another injection of the same dosage of sodium heparin followed immediately by 400 mg defibrotide intravenously. In two separate experiments, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time, antithrombin III, tissue plasminogen activator, its inhibitor and plasma heparin levels were measured at baseline and after 15 min in one experiment, and at baseline and after 2 h in the other experiment. The most important finding was that an interaction exists between heparin and defibrotide on haemostatic activity: activated partial prothrombin time was increased three-fold in volunteers given the defibrotide—heparin combination compared with volunteers given heparin alone. This statistically and clinically significant effect was evident 15 min after administration of defibrotide–heparin and was still present after 2 h. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed briefly.
Clinical Efficacy and Tolerance of Bacampicillin and Amoxycillin Suspensions in Children with Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Puhakka H. J. , Haapaniemi J. , Tuohimaa P. , Bondesson G.
Published: January 2017

A total of 97 children with acute otitis media were entered into a single-blind, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and tolerance of suspensions of bacampicillin, given twice daily, with amoxycillin, given three times daily. The daily dosage was about 40 mg/kg body weight in each case and the duration of treatment was 10 days. Patients were examined before the start of treatment, at an early follow-up visit within 2–3 weeks after the start of treatment and at a late follow-up visit 4–6 weeks after the start of treatment. The initial bacteriology revealed a relatively high proportion of Branhamella catarrhalis and a low incidence of pneumococci. In total, 92 patients were evaluated for efficacy at early follow-up, where both bacampicillin and amoxycillin showed equal and good treatment results in approximately 90% of cases. Evaluation at the last valid visit showed that 80–90% of the patients were either cured or improved. The failure frequency tended to be somewhat higher with amoxycillin.
Effect of Enalapril at Rest and during Isometric and Dynamic Exercise in Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Fariello R. , Boni E. , Alicandri C. , Zaninelli A. , Cantalamessa A. , Corda L. , Muiesan G.
Published: January 2017

Vasodilator drugs reduce peripheral vascular resistance but lead to a secondary baroreflex-mediated chronotropic effect. After angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, blood pressure falls without associated tachycardia. In a previous study it was observed that enalapril increased vagal tone in essential hypertensive patients. In order to evaluate the effect of enalapril on sympathetic stimulation 10 mild to moderate hypertensive patients were studied during static (hand grip) and dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometer), after 2 weeks of placebo and after 1 month of treatment with 20–40 mg enalapril once daily. Enalapril significantly reduced blood pressure and the rate–pressure product at rest and at peak dynamic exercise. There was no effect on supine and maximal heart rate. Enalapril also significantly reduced blood pressure during hand grip, but did not interfere with the rate of the increase. Thus, enalapril does not seem to interfere with sympathetic adaptation to stress.
Controlled Release Salbutamol Tablets versus Sustained Release Theophylline Tablets in the Control of Reversible Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: Vyse T. , Cochrane G. M.
Published: January 2017

A crossover pilot study was undertaken to compare the acceptability of controlled release salbutamol tablets (8 mg twice daily) with a sustained release theophylline preparation (400–800 mg given once each night) in patients with reversible obstructive airways disease. A 2-week run-in period was used to titrate the theophylline dosage. Patients were then allocated at random to one of the treatments before being immediately crossed over to the other for a further 4 weeks. Thirty-two patients, aged 17–66 years, entered the trial. Seventeen patients (53%) were withdrawn. The majority of the 13 withdrawals due to side-effects of theophylline occurred during the run-in period. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments for either lung function tests performed at the clinic or for peak expiratory flow rate recorded by the patients. The non-asthma symptom score was significantly higher with theophylline than with the salbutamol preparation. A preference for treatment with the controlled release salbutamol tablets was expressed by 11/15 patients.
Vitamin D and Calcitonin Treatment in Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Harju E. , Punnonen R. , Tuimala R. , Salmi J. , Paronen I.
Published: January 2017

The effects on general and bone metabolism of femoral neck fracture patients of 0.25 μg α-calcoid given orally twice daily ( n=9) and 25 μg calcitonin given subcutaneously 30 times ( n=10) in 10 weeks were studied against a control ( n=ll). Bone histology and histomorphometry showed non-age related osteoporosis in 30% and osteomalacia in 22% of the patients studied. Impaired serum vitamin D status was found in 47 – 88% of patients, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased serum parathyroid hormone in 59% and decreased serum calcitonin levels in 69%. On histology, normal findings and non-age related osteoporosis on histology were associated with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Very high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 occurred in fracture patients with osteomalacia. Calcitonin improved calcium balance, reduced osteoporosis and increased the serum 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels but had no effect on osteomalacia. Vitamin D reduced osteomalacia, slightly increased the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration and decreased serum levels of parathyroid hormone. Both treatments gave a similar slight decrease in serum calcitonin concentrations. A mechanism of action for the treatments is suggested.