bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak Untuk Perlindungan Anak di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Way Kanan Lampung Perspekitif Mashlahah
Authors: Hendy isharyanto  , Linda Firdawaty
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian files research (penelitian lapangan), yang dilaksanakan di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Waykanan Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori mashlahah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pengangkatan anak di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Way Kanan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam dengan mengutamakan kemaslahatan anak angkat tersebut dalam hal tumbuh kembangnya. Berpijak pada permasalahan maslahah ad-daruriyyah, disusunlah kategorinya dalam lima hal, yaitu menjaga kemaslahatan agama (ad-din), jiwa (an-nafs), keturunan (an-nasl), kekayaan (al-mal) dan intelektual (al-‘aql) yang semuanya terpenuhi. Untuk memenuhi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak tanpa memutus nasab asli antara anak dan orang tua kandung. Namun dalam proses penetapan pengadilan tidak sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 Pasal 49 Ayat 20 tentang kewenangan absolut Pengadilan Agama, dimana Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Way Kanan merekomendasikan untuk untuk mengajukan penetapan pengangkatan anak di Pengadilan Negeri walaupun anak angkat dan orang tua angkat beragama Islam. Apabila hal ini terus berlanjut dikhawatirkan akan berimplikasi pada penetapan tentang hak waris dan sebagainya yang tidak sesuai dengan hukum Islam.
ANALISIS MASLAHAH MURSALAH TERHADAP PUTUSAN SENGKETA TANAH WAKAF (Studi Putusan Nomor. 0115/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Prw. Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Pringsewu)
Authors: Muhammad Nashirun  , Abd. Qohar  , Yusron Hilmi
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang sengketa tanah wakaf sebagaimana putusan hakim Nomor.0115/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Prw, bahwa terjadi pembatalan wakaf yang sepihak dari nazir kepada muwaqif yayasan. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penilitian pustaka (Library Research) penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, Adapun data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah Al-Qur’an, Hadis, Undang-Undang No.41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf. Menggunakan teori Maslahah Mursalah, analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik berfikir Induktif kemudian penulis membuat analisis data dengan analisa Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus Perkara Nomor.0115/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Prw. tentang sengketa wakaf bahwa tanah Menimbang, bahwa mengenai kriteria nazhir yang dapat menerima wakaf yang merupakan badan hukum telah diatur dalam Pasal 10 ayat (3), Pasal 14 besarta penjelasannya Undang-Undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf, Pasal 11 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 42 tahun 2006 yang telah diubah dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 tahun 2018 dan Pasal 219 ayat (2) Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Dan jika aturan-aturan tersebut dihubungkan dengan bukti P.1 sampai dengan P.11, maka Penggugat (Yayasan Majelis At-Turots Al- Islamy) memenuhi kriteria sebagai nazhir; Menimbang, bahwa oleh karena menurut Majelis Hakim kriteria wakif perseorangan harus pemilik sah harta benda wakaf dan harta benda wakaf harus merupakan harta benda yang dimiliki dan dikuasai oleh wakif secarah sah, tidak terpenuhi, maka gugatan Penggugat agar perbuatan hukum wakaf antara Penggugat dengan Tergugat I dinyatakan sebagai perbuatan hukum yang sah harus dinyatakan ditolak, dan oleh karenanya cukup alasan bagi Majelis Hakim untuk tidak mempertimbangkan gugatan Penggugat untuk selainnya; Putusan Nomor.0115/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Prw. tentang sengketa Pembatalan ikrar wakaf dalam kajian maslahah mursalah tersebut sudah sesuai dengan Maslahah mursalah, yaitiu termasuk dalam kategori maslahah yang daruriyyah baik bersifat pribadi maupun bersifat umum. Karena berkaitan maqashid syariah yaitu Menjaga agama (hifz din) karena wakaf merupakan suatu perbuatan yang dianjurkan oleh Rasulullah juga telah dijelaskan di dalam al-Qur’an maka, pentingnya perihal wakaf untuk diatur sedemikian rupa agar dalam penyelenggraan wakaf tersebut tidak menyimpang dari syari’at Islam. Dikatakan menjaga harta (hifz mal) karena pada hakikatnya harta yang menjadi objek wakaf haruslah benar-benar bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan umum, sebagaimana tujuan wakaf. Jika tidak dilakukannya pembatalan tersebut maka tanah yang menjadi objek wakaf dari pihak Tergugat I tidak berjalan sesuai dengan keinginananya disebabkan pihak Penggugat tidak menjalankan amanah tersebut dengan baik.
Хірургічні методи лікування бронхолегеневих гнійно-запальних ускладнень унаслідок перенесеної коронавірусної інфекції
Authors: Опанасенко М.С. , Конік Б.М. , Білоконь С.М. , Терешкович О.В. , Шалагай С.М. , Леванда Л.І. , Калениченко М.І. , Лисенко В.І. , Шамрай М.Ю.
Published: February 2023

Обґрунтування. Коронавірусна хвороба – 2019 (COVID-19) – це гостре інфекційне респіраторне захворювання, спричинене новим типом коронавірусу. Найчастішими проявами ускладненого перебігу SARS-CoV-2 є бронхолегеневі.

Мета. Ознайомити лікарів різного профілю з оперативними методами лікування бронхолегеневих гнійно-запальних ускладнень унаслідок коронавірусної інфекції.

Матеріали та методи. Від початку пандемії COVID-19 на базі клінічного відділення хірургічного лікування туберкульозу та неспецифічних захворювань легень, ускладнених гнійно-септичними інфекціями, ДУ «Національний інститут фтизіатрії і пульмонології ім. Ф.Г. Яновського НАМН України» було проліковано 70 хворих, з яких у 39 (55,7 %) зафіксовано різні бронхолегеневі гнійно-запальні ускладнення, спричинені SARS-CoV-2.

Результати та їх обговорення. Розподіл за нозологією був таким. Емпієма плеври: з бронхіальною норицею – 12 (30,8 %), без бронхіальної нориці – 6 (15,3 %). Неспецифічний випітний плеврит – 8 (20,7 %), абсцедувальна пневмонія – 6 (15,3 %), абсцес легені (в тому числі множинний) – 7 (18 %). Усього було 39 хворих (100 %). Згідно з указаними даними найчастішим бактеріальним ускладненням із боку органів дихання була емпієма плеври – 18 (46,1 %) випадків, з яких у 12 (66,7 %) хворих на етапі госпіталізації наявна бронхоплевральна нориця. При вивченні рентгенологічного архіву встановлено зв’язок емпієми плеври з деструктивною бактеріальною постковідною пневмонією. У 16 (88,8 %) хворих порожнини розпаду залишалися при госпіталізації до інституту, й лише у 2 (11,2 %) спостерігалася ізольована емпієма плеври. У 17 (94,4 %) хворих з емпіємою було проведено VATS-санацію плевральної порожнини з полідренуванням. В 1 (5,6 %) випадку через украй тяжкий стан хворого проводилося лише дренування обох плевральних порожнин (випадок закінчився летально). Ще в 1 випадку після проведення двох санаційних VATS плевральної порожнини було виконано бронхоблокацію верхньочасткового та проміжного бронхів правої легені з наступною активною аспірацією. У 8 (20,5 %) хворих після перенесеної коронавірусної інфекції проведено VATS-санацію та діагностовано неспецифічний випітний плеврит. У 3 випадках (1,17 %) проведено сублобарну резекцію легені внаслідок хронічного абсцесу постковідного генезу. Ефективність лікування становила 99,6 %. Летальність у зазначеній підгрупі дорівнювала 0,39 % (1 пацієнт).

Висновки. Хірургічне лікування вищеописаних ускладнень є найефективнішим методом. Призначення пролонгованої антитромботичної й антибактеріальної терапії в післяопераційному періоді сприяє повному одужанню цієї категорії хворих. Своєчасна діагностика лікарями терапевтичного профілю бронхолегеневих ускладнень унаслідок COVID-19 дає хворим змогу отримати висококваліфіковану допомогу в профільному закладі.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ВЕДЕННЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХІМІОРЕЗИСТЕНТНИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ, ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ПРАКТИКУ
Authors: Литвиненко Наталія , Сенько Юлія
Published: February 2023

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ ВЕДЕННЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХІМІОРЕЗИСТЕНТНИЙ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ, ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ У ПРАКТИКУ

(присвячена 100-річчю ДУ «Національний інститут фтизіатрії і пульмонології ім. Ф.Г. Яновського НАМН України») Всеукраїнська науково-практична конференція з міжнародною участю13-15 грудня 2022 року (онлайн), м. Київ
High Survival and Percentages of Giraffe Calves Signal Areas in Need of Protection
Authors: Becker Constance , Campbell Petra , Kadane Leslie , Nagut Reuben , Kinanta David , Mckay Kerrith , Stevens Henry
Published: February 2023

We surveyed endangered Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) at Oloirien Group Ranch (OGR) and Oloisukut Conservancy (OC) in Kenya to determine their conservation potential. Here, Maasai settlements, livestock, and predator control result in lion densities less than half that of adjacent protected areas. Using surveys and photographic mark-recapture (PMR), we annually calculated percentages of newborn (< 4 mos) and older giraffe calves (4-12 mos). We used Cormack-Jolly-Seber models to estimate annual survival of giraffes at OGR from 2014 to 2022. Giraffe survival for all ages and sexes was estimated at 0.85, higher than in reserves where lions are protected. There were no significant differences in calf percentages at OC and OGR, 23.6 ± 6.7% (N=8). In 2021 and 2022, OGR calf percentages were > 30%, similar to areas without lions. At OGR, 65% of female giraffes were observed multiple years, including calves transitioning to adulthood. One female of 232 was recorded at both sites. OGR females frequented the Mara Triangle Conservancy (MTC) and are a source of giraffes for that protected area. Our findings show that savanna-grasslands external to protected areas where lion densities are low are critical for giraffe conservation. OGR needs a giraffe conservancy, now.
Kinematics and behaviour in fish escape responses: guidelines for conducting, analysing, and reporting experiments
Authors: Roche Dominique , Tytell Eric , Domenici Paolo
Published: February 2023

Work carried out since the late 70s has provided key insights into the comparative biomechanics, kinematics, behaviour, and neurobiology of fish escape responses. With environmental change expected to affect the physiology and biomechanics of aquatic ectotherms, there is a growing interest in understanding how environmental stressors impact the swimming performance and behaviour of fishes during escape responses, particularly in the context of predator-prey interactions. As the study of fish swimming continues to expand, there have been repeated calls to standardise experiments and reporting practices to facilitate integrative and comparative studies. Here, we provide a set of practical guidelines for conducting, analysing, and reporting experiments on escape responses in fish, including a reporting checklist to assist authors undertaking these experiments. These resources will facilitate executing and reporting escape response experiments in a rigorous and transparent fashion, helping to advance the study of fish swimming in an era of rapid environmental change.
Prestige bias in cultural evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Egozi Saar , Ram Yoav
Published: February 2023

A common bias in cultural transmission is success bias, where more successful individuals are more likely to be copied. Because success may be difficult to estimate, individuals may indirectly estimate success by using prestige as a proxy for success. Here, we model prestige bias as a combination of indirect success bias and influence bias, the latter meaning that the choice of a role-model depends on the number of individuals that have already copied from that role-model. We analyze the effect of prestige on cultural evolutionary dynamics using mathematical analysis and stochastic simulations. We find analytic approximations to the stochastic role-model choice process, which facilitate further mathematical analysis and reduce the computational complexity of simulations. We also find approximations to the fixation probability and the fixation time of an invading cultural trait in different environments. We show that indirect success bias effectively plays the role of natural selection, whereas influence bias effectively plays the role of genetic drift. Influence bias also accelerates the evolutionary dynamics, as can be expected in a rich-getting- richer process. Our study extends the literature that describes and analyses cultural transmission, especially in human societies where social media is popular and thus influence bias may be expected.
An Overview of International Research on Language Attrition
Authors: Quan Li
Published: February 2023

This study used co-citation analysis in CiteSpace to identify trends and patterns in international research on language attrition. The analysis was based on journal articles from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering 2010 to 2020. The research showed that international studies on language attrition increased significantly over the past decade. Additionally, the citation frequency of these studies has also grown substantially. The research also showed that international language attrition studies have primarily been distributed across multidisciplinary fields such as linguistics, psychology, and education. These studies also seem to be merging with disciplines like pathology and neurology. Another research finding was that topics related to language attrition covered four main areas: first language attrition, foreign language attrition, the factors influencing language attrition, and the linguistic areas impacted by language attrition. Additionally, this study evaluates the research trend of language attrition by analyzing burst keywords. The research concludes with a summary of current international studies on language attrition and offers insights into prospects in this field.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku dengan Kejadian Muntaber melalui Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat
Authors: Noprianty Richa , Sukmawati Ika Kurnia , Shandi Shinta Ika , Lengga Vivop Marti , Adianti Reza Qrista
Published: February 2023

Clean and healthy living behavior in the household is one of the efforts so that the community is in a clean and healthy environment so that it can reduce the incidence of infectious and non-communicable diseases. This is in accordance with one of the themes of the sustainable development goals, namely a healthy and prosperous life. One of the diseases that often arise in the community is diarrhea. Data from the Cimanggung Community Health Center showed that 9.59% of people with vomiting and defecation occurred in Sindanggalih Village. The implementation of community service was carried out in August 2022 by lecturers and students of Bhakti Kencana University. The target of the activity is RW 1-10 cadres, totalling 37 people. Providing health promotion about vomiting and defecation, drug self-medication and Oral rehydration solution demonstration. The community was given a pre-test and post-test in the form of a knowledge, attitude and action questionnaire to measure the achievement of activities. The results show that the average pre-test knowledge is 8.13 and the post-test average is 8.83; the average attitude of the pre-test was 16.32 and the post-test was 16.70 and the mean of the pre-test was 16.35 and the post-test was 16.97. This shows that there is an increase in knowledge of 0.7, attitude of 0.38 and action of 0.62.
Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga Melalui Pembentukan Entrepreneur Mandiri di Kelurahan Johar Baru, Cempaka Putih
Authors: Budiantoro Harry , Sari Imelda , Hukama La Diadhan , Ningsih Hestin Agus Tantri , Lapae Kanaya
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this program is Community Service (PKM) which is a socialization program on how to create an entrepreneurial spirit to help housewives, young women, and the community increase their understanding of how to make, produce, and market patchwork waste decorations. in order to improve the family economy, is to carry out one of the functions of the Tridharma of Higher Education. Workshops and technical instructions in the manufacture of patchwork decorations are the methods used. 80% of the partners who attended were able to make decorative products from patchwork waste, according to the results of the pre and post tests that had been carried out. So with this training, it is hoped that housewives and young women in RW 03 Johar Baru Village will gain more knowledge about making simple businesses and being able to choose and sort patchwork materials and prepare tools.
Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Turunan Hasil Olahan dari Produk Lebah Kelulut pada Kelompok Peternak Lebah di Samarinda
Authors: Kustiawan Paula Mariana , Hanifa Deasy Nur Chairin , Nugraha Alfin Syahrian Dwi , Suwandi Ahmad , Monica Agnes , Agustinur Asmiranda
Published: February 2023

Kelulut bee (Trigona sp.) products knowly as honey, pollen and propolis. Kelulut beekeepers in Samarinda are still oriented towards income from the sale of honey. The purpose of this activity is to improve the understanding and skills of kelulut beekeepers in making derivative products from honey as an alternative to selling value products. This community service is carried out by means of education and training in making products made from honey, propolis and pollen. The results of the evaluation of community service activities are measured by their level of understanding after being given training to have a good increase in the level of knowledge. The activity received a very good appreciation and participants hoped that the activity would be carried out regularly.
Mengelola Referensi Ilmiah dengan Mendeley untuk Penyelesaian Skripsi Mahasiswa
Authors: Subagjo Ardo , Hasan Qodri Ali , Ratnawati Oktaviana Ainun
Published: February 2023

The bibliography/reference is the last part in the preparation of a scientific paper. The function of the bibliography is to provide further information to the readers that the author's work is the result of various sources. Writing a bibliography on the completion of student thesis in the MIPA Education environment of FKIP University of Palangkaraya still makes many mistakes, including several authors' names that are not listed in the bibliography because the preparation has not been automatic / still uses the manual method. This activity will be routinely carried out every semester and several supporting activities, namely making learning media and avoiding plagiarism. The purpose of this activity is for students to get used to it and one day it will be realized that all the results of the student's thesis are required to be submitted to a journal. To achieve this goal, supporting programs are needed every semester. The selected students are all batches of 2019 to 2021 who will prepare thesis and proposal reports. The output of this activity is that 85 students have been skilled in compiling a bibliography and applying it in a thesis, as the first step in helping students to submit their thesis results to an accredited journal.
Improved Artificial Neural Network Based MPPT Tracker for PV System under Rapid Varying Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Bouadjila Tahar , Khelil Khaled , Rahem Djamel , Berrezzek Farid
Published: February 2023

The main role of maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is to adapt the optimal resistance RMPP , corresponding to the maximum power point (MPP) of the photovoltaic generator (GPV), to the impedance of the load for maximum power transfer. This is accomplished through the tuning of the duty cycle D to an optimum value DMPP , that controls a DC-DC converter applied between the GPV and the load Rload . This paper proposes a system that is applicable to any load and enables rapid and precise tracking under variable weather circumstances. The suggested scheme allows simple and direct computation of the control signal DMPP from the values of Rload and RMPP . Rload is computed using two voltage and current sensors, while RMPP is estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN) that employs the solar irradiance, temperature and the GPV internal current-voltage characteristics. Using MATLAB environment, the obtained simulation results reveal better and more effective tracking with nearly no oscillations compared to a relevant ANN-based technique, under various meteorological conditions.
Analysis of the Network Readiness Index (NRI) Using Multivariate Statistics
Authors: Tokmergenova Madina , Dobos Imre
Published: February 2023

The Network Readiness Index (NRI) is one of the indicators that shows the level of digital development of countries. The NRI for 2021 shows the development of 130 countries, in contrast to the 45 countries covered by the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) of the European Union, which measures only the most developed countries. This paper aims to determine the relationship between 12 sub-pillars of NRI. We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to perform a mapping of our data to a lower-dimensional space, and further analyse the causal relationships between the principal sub-pillars using partial correlation coefficients, concluding that two of the twelve main sub-pillars can be explained by ten independent sub-pillars. Thereafter, we use cluster analysis to group our objects (i.e. the 130 countries) into clusters.
Key Factors Influencing Compulsory Preschool Education Based on Approaches and Views of Interviewed Teachers
Authors: Dedicova Marie
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study is to showcase first of the results from the ongoing qualitative research, which focuses on the course of compulsory pre-school education in Czech Republic. This case study describes approaches to compulsory preschool education and tries to contribute to the creation of typology of those approaches. In this article are presented results from interviews with 11 teachers from 3 different types of kindergartens and from 2 preparatory classes at primary schools. Two research questions are answered: how education takes place in the last year of pre-school education according to the teachers. And what are the important factors that relate to compulsory preschool education. The approaches that emerged are whole day school preparation, afternoon school preparation, British approach and morning school preparation. The important factors related to preschool according to teachers are: areas of development, problematic areas, children, needed improvement, parents, assistant teacher, education and planning.
Complement Pathway Associated Glomerulopathies
Authors: Caliskan Yasar
Published: February 2023

The complement system causes kidney injury in a variety of different diseases, and clinical evaluation of the complement system is an important part of the diagnostic workup of patients with glomerulonephritis. In cases of ongoing, uncontrolled complement activation, the kidney is susceptible to complement hyperactivation, and thrombotic microangiopathy associated kidney injury can occur. Two principle modes of complement-mediated kidney injury have been proposed: classical pathway mediated injury in immune complex diseases and/or alternative pathway mediated renal injury causing atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) and C3 glomerulopathy in patients with abnormalities in alternative pathway regulation. Recent advances have also provided new insights into the pathogenesis of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury associated with aberrant complement activation. Complement inhibition is effective for treatment of aHUS, and there is growing evidence of the favourable effect of the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab. Measurement of ex vivo serum-induced endothelial C5b-9 deposits is supposed to be a sensitive tool to monitor complement activation and eculizumab effectiveness. Although understanding the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of many kidney diseases is improved, there is not a simple algorithm for identifying which patients should be treated with complement inhibitors or for how long complement inhibition should be continued.
Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy: Squaring the Circle
Authors: Marzolini Maria A.V. , Quezada Sergio A. , Peggs Karl S.
Published: February 2023

Manipulating the complex interaction between the immune system and tumour cells has been the focus of cancer research for many years, but it is only in the past decade that significant progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy resulting in clinically effective treatments. The blockade of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints, essential for maintaining lymphocyte homeostasis and self-tolerance, by immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies has resulted in the augmentation of anti-tumour responses. The greatest successes so far have been seen with the blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4, which has resulted in the first Phase III clinical trial showing an overall survival benefit in metastatic melanoma, and in the blockade of the programmed cell death protein-1 axis. This concise review will focus on the clinical advances made by the blockade of these two pathways and their role in current cancer treatment strategies.
Current advancement in the application of prime editing
Authors: Huang Zhangrao , Liu Gang
Published: February 2023

Prime editing (PE) is a precise genome manipulation technology based on the “search and replace” approach of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, while it does not require the exogenous donor DNA and the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Comparing the base editing technology, the editing scope of prime editing has been widely expanded. Prime editing has been successfully applied in a variety of plant cells, animal cells and the model microorganism Escherichia coli so far, and it has shown a good application potential in breeding and genomic functional study of animals and plants, disease treatment, and modification of the microbial strains. In this paper, the basic strategies of prime editing are briefly described, and its research progress is summarized and prospected from the application of multiple species. In addition, a variety of optimization strategies for improving its efficiency and specificity of prime editing are outlined.
Statistical multi-level shape models for scalable modeling of multi-organ anatomies
Authors: Khan Nawazish , Peterson Andrew C. , Aubert Benjamin , Morris Alan , Atkins Penny R. , Lenz Amy L. , Anderson Andrew E. , Elhabian Shireen Y.
Published: February 2023

Statistical shape modeling is an indispensable tool in the quantitative analysis of anatomies. Particle-based shape modeling (PSM) is a state-of-the-art approach that enables the learning of population-level shape representation from medical imaging data (e.g., CT, MRI) and the associated 3D models of anatomy generated from them. PSM optimizes the placement of a dense set of landmarks (i.e., correspondence points) on a given shape cohort. PSM supports multi-organ modeling as a particular case of the conventional single-organ framework via a global statistical model, where multi-structure anatomy is considered as a single structure. However, global multi-organ models are not scalable for many organs, induce anatomical inconsistencies, and result in entangled shape statistics where modes of shape variation reflect both within- and between-organ variations. Hence, there is a need for an efficient modeling approach that can capture the inter-organ relations (i.e., pose variations) of the complex anatomy while simultaneously optimizing the morphological changes of each organ and capturing the population-level statistics. This paper leverages the PSM approach and proposes a new approach for correspondence-point optimization of multiple organs that overcomes these limitations. The central idea of multilevel component analysis, is that the shape statistics consists of two mutually orthogonal subspaces: the within-organ subspace and the between-organ subspace. We formulate the correspondence optimization objective using this generative model. We evaluate the proposed method using synthetic shape data and clinical data for articulated joint structures of the spine, foot and ankle, and hip joint.
Immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics—Critical considerations for clinical translation
Authors: Ewaisha Radwa , Anderson Karen S.
Published: February 2023

CRISPR offers new hope for many patients and promises to transform the way we think of future therapies. Ensuring safety of CRISPR therapeutics is a top priority for clinical translation and specific recommendations have been recently released by the FDA. Rapid progress in the preclinical and clinical development of CRISPR therapeutics leverages years of experience with gene therapy successes and failures. Adverse events due to immunogenicity have been a major setback that has impacted the field of gene therapy. As several in vivo CRISPR clinical trials make progress, the challenge of immunogenicity remains a significant roadblock to the clinical availability and utility of CRISPR therapeutics. In this review, we examine what is currently known about the immunogenicity of CRISPR therapeutics and discuss several considerations to mitigate immunogenicity for the design of safe and clinically translatable CRISPR therapeutics.
Analysis of the effect of metal ions on the ability of Xylanase to hydrolyze wheat bran by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Hou Mingrui , Liang Chuanqi , Fei Yanan , Yang Dan , Zhang Ningjing , Lu Yujie , Wang Lei , Xing Zhiqiang , Zhao Zongpei
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Wheat bran is the main by-product of wheat processing, containing about 30% pentosan and 0.4%–0.7% ferulic acid. Wheat bran is the main raw material used to prepare feruloyl oligosaccharides by hydrolysis of Xylanase, we discovered that the ability of Xylanase to hydrolyze wheat bran could be affected in the presence of different metal ions.

Methods: In the present study, we have probed the effects of different metal ions on the hydrolysis activity of Xylanase on wheat bran and tried to analyze the effect of Mn2+ and Xylanase by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.

Results: Our results suggested that Mn2+ had improved the Xylanase hydrolyzing wheat bran to obtain feruloyl oligosaccharides. Particularly when the concentration of Mn2+ reached 4 mmol/L, the optimal product has been obtained 2.8 times higher to compare with no addition. Through the MD simulation analysis, our results reveal that Mn2+ can induce structural change in the active site, which enlarges the substrate binding pocket. The simulation results also revealed that the addition of Mn2+ resulted in a low RMSD value compared with the absence of Mn2+ and helped stabilize the complex.

Conclusion: Mn2+ could increase the enzymatic activity of Xylanase in the hydrolysis of feruloyl oligosaccharides in wheat bran. The finding could have significant implications for the preparation of feruloyl oligosaccharides from wheat bran.
Protein homeostasis in aging and cancer
Authors: Chen Xiao-Qiong , Shen Tao , Fang Shao-Jun , Sun Xiao-Min , Li Guo-Yu , Li Yun-Feng
Published: February 2023

Aging is a major risk factor for cancer development. As dysfunction in protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is a universal hallmark of both the aging process and cancer, a comprehensive understanding of the proteostasis system and its roles in aging and cancer will shed new light on how we can improve health and quality of life for older individuals. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of proteostasis and discuss the relationship between proteostasis and aging and age-related diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical application value of proteostasis maintenance in delaying the aging process and promoting long-term health.
Mechanistic insight into the efficient packaging of antigenomic S RNA into Rift Valley fever virus particles
Authors: Tercero Breanna , Terasaki Kaori , Narayanan Krishna , Makino Shinji
Published: February 2023

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a bunyavirus, has a single-stranded, negative-sense tri-segmented RNA genome, consisting of L, M and S RNAs. An infectious virion carries two envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, along with ribonucleoprotein complexes composed of encapsidated viral RNA segments. The antigenomic S RNA, which serves as the template of the mRNA encoding a nonstructural protein, NSs, an interferon antagonist, is also efficiently packaged into RVFV particles. An interaction between Gn and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes, including the direct binding of Gn to viral RNAs, drives viral RNA packaging into RVFV particles. To understand the mechanism of efficient antigenomic S RNA packaging in RVFV, we identified the regions in viral RNAs that directly interact with Gn by performing UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of RVFV-infected cell lysates with anti-Gn antibody followed by high-throughput sequencing analysis (CLIP-seq analysis). Our data suggested the presence of multiple Gn-binding sites in RVFV RNAs, including a prominent Gn-binding site within the 3’ noncoding region of the antigenomic S RNA. We found that the efficient packaging of antigenomic S RNA was abrogated in a RVFV mutant lacking a part of this prominent Gn-binding site within the 3’ noncoding region. Also, the mutant RVFV, but not the parental RVFV, triggered the early induction of interferon-β mRNA expression after infection. These data suggest that the direct binding of Gn to the RNA element within the 3’ noncoding region of the antigenomic S RNA promoted the efficient packaging of antigenomic S RNA into virions. Furthermore, the efficient packaging of antigenomic S RNA into RVFV particles, driven by the RNA element, facilitated the synthesis of viral mRNA encoding NSs immediately after infection, resulting in the suppression of interferon-β mRNA expression.
Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivers two serine protease autotransporters coordinately optimizing the bloodstream infection
Authors: Pan Xinming , Chen Rong , Zhang Yating , Zhu Yinchu , Zhao Jin , Yao Huochun , Ma Jiale
Published: February 2023

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections in a broad spectrum of birds and mammals, thus poses a great threat to public health, while its underlying mechanism causing sepsis is not fully understood. Here we reported a high virulent ExPEC strain PU-1, which has a robust ability to colonize within host bloodstream, while induced a low level of leukocytic activation. Two serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs), VatPU-1 and TshPU-1, were found to play critical roles for the urgent blood infection of strain PU-1. Although the Vat and Tsh homologues have been identified as virulence factors of ExPEC, their contributions to bloodstream infection are still unclear. In this study, VatPU-1 and TshPU-1 were verified to interact with the hemoglobin (a well-known mucin-like glycoprotein in red blood cell), degrade the mucins of host respiratory tract, and cleave the CD43 (a major cell surface component sharing similar O-glycosylated modifications with other glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes), suggesting that these two SPATEs have the common activity to cleave a broad array of mucin-like O-glycoproteins. These cleavages significantly impaired the chemotaxis and transmigration of leukocytes, and then inhibited the activation of diverse immune responses coordinately, especially downregulated the leukocytic and inflammatory activation during bloodstream infection, thus might mediate the evasion of ExPEC from immune clearance of blood leukocytes. Taken together, these two SPATEs play critical roles to cause a heavy bacterial load within bloodstream via immunomodulation of leukocytes, which provides a more comprehensive understanding how ExPEC colonize within host bloodstream and cause severe sepsis.
A forum theater corpus for discrimination awareness
Authors: Ochs Magalie , Pergandi Jean-Marie , Ghio Alain , André Carine , Sainton Patrick , Ayad Emmanuel , Boudin Auriane , Bertrand Roxane
Published: February 2023

In this article, we present a new multimodal annotated corpus of forum theater scenes on discrimination awareness. The collected interactions include scenes of ordinary sexism and racism situations played out by different actors in different contexts. The corpus also contains scenes of interactions between an author of discriminatory behavior and a witness trying to make the discriminatory actor aware of their behavior. These confrontations scenes have been played considering different social attitudes (denial, aggressive, and conciliatory). The experimental setup, including motion capture and audio-visual recordings, has been specifically designed to allow the semi-automatic annotation of the corpus and a fine-grained analysis of the multimodal cues associated with social behaviors.
Eye-movement analysis on facial expression for identifying children and adults with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Iwauchi Kota , Tanaka Hiroki , Okazaki Kosuke , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Uratani Mitsuhiro , Morimoto Tsubasa , Nakamura Satoshi
Published: February 2023

Experienced psychiatrists identify people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (Sz) through interviews based on diagnostic criteria, their responses, and various neuropsychological tests. To improve the clinical diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and Sz, the discovery of disorder-specific biomarkers and behavioral indicators with sufficient sensitivity is important. In recent years, studies have been conducted using machine learning to make more accurate predictions. Among various indicators, eye movement, which can be easily obtained, has attracted much attention and various studies have been conducted for ASD and Sz. Eye movement specificity during facial expression recognition has been studied extensively in the past, but modeling taking into account differences in specificity among facial expressions has not been conducted. In this paper, we propose a method to detect ASD or Sz from eye movement during the Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT) while considering differences in eye movement due to the facial expressions presented. We also confirm that weighting using the differences improves classification accuracy. Our data set sample consisted of 15 adults with ASD and Sz, 16 controls, and 15 children with ASD and 17 controls. Random forest was used to weight each test and classify the participants as control, ASD, or Sz. The most successful approach used heat maps and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for eye retention. This method classified Sz in adults with 64.5% accuracy, ASD in adults with up to 71.0% accuracy, and ASD in children with 66.7% accuracy. Classifying of ASD result was significantly different (p<.05) by the binomial test with chance rate. The results show a 10% and 16.7% improvement in accuracy, respectively, compared to a model that does not take facial expressions into account. In ASD, this indicates that modeling is effective, which weights the output of each image.
A review of artificial intelligence in marine science
Authors: Song Tao , Pang Cong , Hou Boyang , Xu Guangxu , Xue Junyu , Sun Handan , Meng Fan
Published: February 2023

Utilization and exploitation of marine resources by humans have contributed to the growth of marine research. As technology progresses, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are progressively being applied to maritime research, complementing traditional marine forecasting models and observation techniques to some degree. This article takes the artificial intelligence algorithmic model as its starting point, references several application trials, and methodically elaborates on the emerging research trend of mixing machine learning and physical modeling concepts. This article discusses the evolution of methodologies for the building of ocean observations, the application of artificial intelligence to remote sensing satellites, smart sensors, and intelligent underwater robots, and the construction of ocean big data. We also cover the method of identifying internal waves (IW), heatwaves, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and sea ice using artificial intelligence algorithms. In addition, we analyze the applications of artificial intelligence models in the prediction of ocean components, including physics-driven numerical models, model-driven statistical models, traditional machine learning models, data-driven deep learning models, and physical models combined with artificial intelligence models. This review shows the growth routes of the application of artificial intelligence in ocean observation, ocean phenomena identification, and ocean elements forecasting, with examples and forecasts of their future development trends from several angles and points of view, by categorizing the various uses of artificial intelligence in the ocean sector.
Factors associated with interest in scientific research in dental students of six Cuban universities
Authors: Corrales-Reyes Ibraín Enrique , Villegas-Maestre José Daniel , Valdés-Gamboa Leonardo , García-Raga Mónica , Véliz-Concepción Olga Lidia , Torres-Fernández Lilian Susana , Tusell-Hormigó Diana , Vitón-Castillo Adrián Alejandro , Torrecilla-Venegas Rolando , Mejia Christian R.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

To determine the factors associated with interest in scientific research in dental students of six Cuban universities.

Methods

This is a multicenter cross-sectional analytical study. Interest in scientific research was the dependent variable, and it was assessed through a questionnaire proved to be reliable (Cronbach’s α = 0.88). We obtained adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and p values through generalized linear models.

Results

A total of 587 students were part of the research, and 57.9% manifested interest in scientific research. However, when they were asked if they wanted to pursue a research career in the future, only 45.1% responded affirmatively. We found, through multivariate analysis, that there was more interest in scientific research among those who were student assistants (aPR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.41–4.16; p = 0.001), those who had previous studies (aPR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02–1.79; p = 0.034), and those who had received awards in scientific events (aPR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.26–2.41; p = 0.001). In contrast, there was less interest among those who were at the clinical stage of their career (aPR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.49–0.89; p = 0.006), adjusted for seven variables.

Conclusions

There exists interest in scientific research and we found some factors associated with this. This has to be taken into account in order for educational institutions to generate strategies.
Untargeted metabolomic profiling of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Cao Yan , Liu Zhengyu , Ma Wenfeng , Fang Chen , Pei Yanfang , Jing Yingxia , Huang Jie , Han Xiaotong , Xiao Weiwei
Published: February 2023

Objective

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition secondary to infection that evolves into a dysregulated host response and is associated with acute organ dysfunction. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most complex organ failures to characterize. This study performed comprehensive metabolomic profiling that distinguished between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction.

Method

Plasma samples collected from 80 septic patients were analysed by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyse the metabolic model between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. The screening criteria for potential candidate metabolites were as follows: variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) > 1.5 or < 0.7. Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed associated metabolic pathways. In addition, we constructed a subgroup metabolic analysis between the survivors and non-survivors according to 28-day mortality in the cardiac dysfunction group.

Results

Two metabolite markers, kynurenic acid and gluconolactone, could distinguish the cardiac dysfunction group from the normal cardiac function group. Two metabolites, kynurenic acid and galactitol, could distinguish survivors and non-survivors in the subgroup analysis. Kynurenic acid is a common differential metabolite that could be used as a candidate for both diagnosis and prognosis for septic patients with cardiac dysfunction. The main associated pathways were amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and bile acid metabolism.

Conclusion

Metabolomic technology could be a promising approach for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Interactive effect of prepregnancy overweight/obesity and GDM history on prevalence of GDM in biparous women
Authors: Xu Xia , Huang Feipeng , Guo Yanni , Zheng Lianghui , Yan Jianying
Published: February 2023

Background

Prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) history may increase the prevalence of GDM in parous women, but little is known about their potential combined effect on the prevalence of GDM in biparous women.

Objective

This study aims to explore the interactive effect of prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and GDM history on the prevalence of GDM in biparous women.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 16,282 second-birth women who delivered a single neonate at ≧28 weeks of gestation twice. Logistic regression was used to assess the independent and multiplicative interactions of prepregnancy overweight/obesity (OWO) and GDM history on the risk of GDM in biparous women. Additive interactions were calculated using an Excel sheet that was made by Anderson to calculate relative excess risk.

Results

A total of 14,998 participants were included in this study. Both prepregnancy OWO and GDM history were independently associated with an increased risk of GDM in biparous women (odds ratio (OR) = 19.225, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.106, 21.607 and OR = 6.826, 95% CI = 6.085, 7.656, respectively). The coexistence of prepregnancy OWO and GDM history was associated with GDM, with an adjusted OR of 1.754 (95% CI, 1.625, 1.909) compared to pregnant women without either condition. The additive interaction between prepregnancy OWO and GDM history was found to be not significant with regard to GDM in biparous women.

Conclusions

Prepregnancy OWO and GDM history both increase the risk of GDM in biparous women and have multiplicative interactions but not additive interactions.
The efficacy of topical aminophylline in local fat reduction: A systematic review
Authors: Abdi Dezfouli Ramin , Hosseinpour Ali , Qorbani Mostafa , Daneshzad Elnaz
Published: February 2023

Background and aims

Some studies have reported that the topical forms with aminophylline as the active ingredient appear to be relatively effective on local fat burning while having no/minimal side effects. This systematic review accumulates all of the data on the local fat-burning potency of aminophylline topical formulation.

Methods

Documents were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until Aug 2022. Data were extracted from clinical trials reporting the reduction in thigh or waist circumference as a result of using topical forms containing aminophylline. Screening of included studies was performed independently by two authors and the quality assessment of included studies was performed based on the Cochrane Collaboration’s approach.

Results

Of the 802 initial studies, 5 studies were included in the systematic review. Several concentrations of aminophylline were used in different studies. Most studies administred the topical formulation on participants’ one thigh, and the other thigh was considered to be the control for comparing the fat reduction amount. Except for one study, all other studies reported that all participants lost more fat on the treated area than the control groups. The amount of fat reduction differed in studies regarding their different aminophylline concentrations and administration routines. In the case of side effects, except for some studies reporting skin rashes, other studies reported no significant side effects at all.

Conclusions

Aminophylline topical formulation offers a safe, effective, and much less invasive alternative to cosmetic surgery for localized fat reduction. It seems that the 0.5% concentration, administered five times a week for five weeks is the most potent concentration. However, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to verify this conclusion.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022353578.