bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barrierer og muligheder for arbejdskraftsubstitution i små og mellemstore virksomheder
Authors: Jespersen Magnus , Klindt Mads
Published: September 2022

Det danske arbejdsmarked vil i 2020’erne være præget af mangel på faglærte og specialister og overudbud af akademisk arbejdskraft. Artiklen undersøger mulighederne for at løse dette kompetence-mismatch gennem substitution. Makroøkonomiske analyser anslår substitutionselasticiteten i forhold til at kunne vurdere de samfundsøkonomiske konsekvenser af mismatch-problemer. Men der er meget lidt forskning, der belyser betingelser for og erfaringer med substitution i mikro-perspektiv. Artiklen konstruerer en teoretisk forståelse af substitution, der knytter sig til brugen af forskellige fleksibilitetsformer på virksomhedsniveau. Dernæst analyseres et komparativt casestudie med otte jyske små og mellemstore virksomheder (SMV) fra områderne omkring Skive og Esbjerg. Analysen viser, at strukturelle forhold som størrelse, teknologi og branchetype har betydning for virksomhedernes substitutionskapacitet. Men et ligeså vigtigt forhold handler om human ressource ledelse (HR) og tilgang til rekruttering. Nogle virksomheder har en åben tilgang til rekruttering, der – kombineret med intern oplæring – giver mulighed for at ansætte kandidater med en anderledes kompetenceprofil. Andre virksomheder har en mere snæver tilgang og går ikke på kompromis. Endelig bekræfter analysen, hvad også andre undersøgelser viser, nemlig at social kapital i stigende grad er vigtigt på arbejdsmarkedet. Hvis en virksomhed har et godt personligt kendskab og tillid til en jobsøger, betyder de faglige kompetencer med andre ord mindre.
Grønland, en selvbærende økonomi – krav og muligheder
Authors: Andersen Torben M.
Published: September 2022

Målet om at sikre en selvbærende økonomi for Grønland står centralt i den politiske debat. Den grønlandske økonomi adskiller sig på mange måder fra andre lande grundet geografi og en meget stærk specialisering. Den økonomiske udvikling de senere år har været gunstig, men har også vist, at barrierer på arbejdsmarkedet og uddannelsesområdet bremser mulighederne for yderligere økonomisk fremgang. En proces mod en selvbærende økonomi er derfor i første omgang afhængig af indenlandske politiske initiativer.
Grønlands placering i rigsfællesskabet gennem de seneste årtier
Authors: Janussen Jakob
Published: September 2022

Først gennemgås bruddet i den danske stats daværende paternalistiske holdning over for kolonien Grønland i årene kort tid efter 2. verdenskrig. Der blev foretaget massive investeringer i infrastruktur som elektrificering, vandforsyning, kajanlæg mv., og statens engagement i de produktive erhverv blev meget omfattende. I dag gælder tilsvarende for selvstyrets engagement. Dernæst beskrives baggrunden for Grønlands ønske om hjemmestyre, uenighederne mellem de grønlandske og danske politikere på nogle områder samt principperne bag Grønlands hurtige overtagelse af sagsområder fra staten efter 1989. Selvstyreordningen, der trådte i kraft i 2009, adskiller sig på flere punkter fra hjemmestyreordningen. Efterfølgende er Grønlands overtagelse af nye sagsområder fra staten praktisk taget gået i stå, og der ses på årsagerne hertil. Afslutningsvis omhandles den igangværen
”Vores fisk – vores velfærd” – om Grønlands vigtigste naturressource
Authors: Andersen Peder
Published: September 2022

Grønlands vigtigste erhverv er fiskeriet, og en ny fiskerilov er derfor ikke kun af stor betydning for fiskerierhvervet, men for Grønland som et velfærdssamfund. Artiklen gennemgår de udfordringer og muligheder, der er ved at omlægge fiskeripolitikken.
Omsættelige fiskekvoter i Danmark: kvotekoncentration og andre effekter
Authors: Raakjær Jesper
Published: September 2022

Op gennem 00’erne gennemførtes i Danmark, hvad der bedst kan betegnes som en privatisering af havets fiskeressourcer gennem indførslen af omsættelige fiskerettigheder. Indførslen af det nye system var en respons på et erhverv i krise, og systemet har indiskutabelt forbedret profitabiliteten med omfattende kvotekoncentration til følge. Det har imidlertid også haft alvorlige utilsigtede effekter i forhold til forvaltningens tilpasningsevne til ændringer i vores forståelse af havets økosystem, ligesom det har haft betydelige sociale effekter gennem skabelsen af ”vindere og tabere” og tilknyttede implikationer for landbaserede aktiviteter i mindre, fiskeriafhængige kystsamfund.
Giv os nu den CO2-afgift
Authors: Holstein Mia Amalie
Published: September 2022

I 2019 vedtog regeringen en national målsætning om en 70 pct. reduktion af udledningen af drivhus-gasser på dansk jord i 2030. Blandt eksperter er der bred enighed om, at den bedste og billigste måde at nå det mål er ved at indføre en generel CO2-afgift på al CO2-udledning1. Selvfølgeligt er det derfor den vej, vi skal gå. Dog kan man diskutere om den nationale målsætning, som sætter fokus på reduktioner på dansk jord, er ambitiøs nok. For CO2 kender som bekendt ikke landegrænser. Og det er ikke hensigtsmæssigt, hvis vi indfører en politik, som alene bevirker, at de største klimasyndere enten flytter til udlandet eller bliver udkonkurreret af udlandet. De oplagte eksempler på det er landbruget og Aalborg Portland, der alt andet lige vil stå for sammenlagt 60 pct. af udslippet i 20302, hvis de ikke reducerer deres udledning. For nok vil fx en udflytning af Aalborg Portland bidrage til at opfylde den nationale målsætning om en 70 pct. reduktion på dansk jord, men det vil ikke føre til en global reduktion af drivhusgasser. Samtidigt vil det koste danske arbejdspladser og skatteindtægter. SMVdanmark ønsker at sætte ambitionen højere end den nationale målsætning. Vi ønsker at bidrage til, at vi reducerer danskernes globale CO2-aftryk, dvs. at vi tager højde for det, man kalder CO2-lækagen.
Måske vi bare skal snakke mere sammen?
Authors: Hagel Helene
Published: September 2022

Hvis man bare én gang har set ”Debatten” med Clement Kjersgaard om et tema indenfor den grønne omstilling, hørt én klimapolitisk redegørelsesdebat i folketingssalen eller været til én konference om ”Danmark som grønt foregangsland” arrangeret af fx DI, så har man set og hørt alle de perspektiver, der findes i den mainstream klimapolitiske debat, og den næste debat, man tænder for, vil formentlig være en nogenlunde 1:1 gentagelse af den sidste, man hørte. Debatten kører nemlig i ring, og det er – udover at være småtrivielt for dem, der følger den til hverdag – skadeligt og ærgerligt, at vi i 2022 til stadighed fedter rundt i de samme karikerede og kedsommelige diskussioner og pointer: erhvervslivet må ikke miste sin konkurrenceevne, omstillingen må ikke ramme de fattigste hårdest, den må ikke lede til øgede udledninger i udlandet, eller ”vi har ikke råd til både grøn omstilling og velfærd”.
Der er ingen job på en død planet – fagforeningernes rolle i Den bæredygtige stat
Authors: Gregersen Camilla
Published: September 2022

Konsekvenserne af den menneskeskabte klima- og bæredygtighedskrise er en ren dystopi. Med den nuværende retning anno 2022 vil menneskeligheden møde tørke, oversvømmelse, masseuddøen af arter og menneskelig lidelse i et endnu ukendt omfang, hvis vi ikke får gennemført en radikal, grøn omstilling. Heller ikke Danmark vil gå fri.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Ejrnæs Mette , Vinther-Jørgensen Tue
Published: September 2022

I dag er der næsten 150.000 universitetsstuderende, som er i gang med deres uddannelser. Universiteterne er ikke længere for de få og udvalgte. En væsentlig del af de unge i hver ny årgang påbegynder en universitetsuddannelse og tilbringer mange timer og år på at dygtiggøre sig på landets otte universiteter.

Universitetsuddannelserne har dermed fået en større samfundsøkonomisk betydning end tidligere, og derfor påkalder de sig også større politisk interesse.

Er uddannelserne gode nok, og lærer de studerende noget, de kan anvende efterfølgende? Følger undervisningsmetoderne med tiden og de nye teknologier, og bruger de studerende i for høj grad tiden på erhvervsarbejde frem for at studere? Trives de studerende, mens de er i gang med deres uddannelse, og hvordan kan man forebygge, at for mange af dem falder fra undervejs?
Universitetets udvikling fra elite- til masseinstitution
Authors: Bloch Hanne Leth
Published: September 2022

Viden, uddannelse og innovation er det 21. århundredes vigtigste konkurrenceparameter, og det er grundlaget for velfærdssamfundet. Men hvad betyder henholdsvis elite- og masseuniversitet? Ofte opfattes masseuniversitet negativt, som noget der er skyld i en påstået dårlig kvalitet og uengagerede studerende, og betegnelsen peger i retning af fabriksagtig produktion snarere end dannelse og forskningsnærhed. Det er et paradoks, at muligheden for, at flere unge får en universitetsuddannelse, beskrives sådan, når det samtidig er en kvalitet og en konkurrencefordel for et samfund at have mange højtuddannede. Samtidig ligger der under dette meget anvendte modsætningspar en række andre grundlæggende forskelle mellem universitetsmodeller før de store optag til i dag, fra styreformer og relation til omverdenen til centrale universitetsværdier som uafhængighed og forskningsfrihed.Et hovedargument i nærværende fremstilling er, at det såkaldte masseuniversitets dårlige skudsmål i den offentlige debat ikke i sig selv kan begrundes med antallet af studerende eller de studerendes evner, men skal forstås ud fra en lang række andre faktorer og tiltag i den periode, hvor universiteternes antal og kapacitet blev udvidet betragteligt. De fleste var en konsekvens af de store optag, fx ressourcerne pr. studerende og det udtalte politiske behov for at udvikle såvel kvalitet som effektivitet.Jeg gennemgår i artiklen en række karakteristika ved det, vi typisk kalder elite- og masseuniversitet, jf. nedenstående skema, og argumenterer for, at udviklingen har ændret både universitetets og de studerendes rolle.
Universitetspædagogikkens udvikling og aktuelle udfordringer
Authors: Ulriksen Lars , Christensen Mette Krogh
Published: September 2022

”Universitetspædagogik – findes det?” Omtrent sådan reagerede en studerende for knap 20 år siden, da en af denne artikels forfattere fortalte, at vi arbejdede med universitetspædagogik. Dengang som nu er svaret ja – det gør det. Universitetspædagogik findes som noget, der forskes, udvikles og undervises indenfor, og den findes som en praksis, når universitetsundervisere planlægger, gennemfører og evaluerer deres undervisning. Universitetspædagogisk forskning og udvikling beskæftiger sig med undervisning og undervisningsformer, med uddannelsernes opbygning og tilrettelæggelse, med de studerendes og undervisernes baggrund, interesser og praksisser i forhold til universitetsuddannelser, med de politiske og strukturelle rammer omkring universitetsuddannelser og -undervisning og med diskussioner om uddannelsernes formål. Universitetspædagogik går således på tværs af forskning og praksis og på tværs af flere fagområder.

I denne artikel vil vi diskutere nogle af de dilemmaer og udfordringer, som universitetspædagogikken står i. Vi skriver med udgangspunkt i vores erfaringer som forskere, undervisere og udviklere inden for universitetspædagogik gennem mere end 20 år og som formand og næstformand i bestyrelsen for Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Netværk (DUN) i syv år. Artiklen præsenterer vores refleksioner i lyset af andres og egen forskning og egne praksiserfaringer.
DEBAT: Vi skal have fordybelsen tilbage
Authors: Lindmann Julie
Published: September 2022

Uddannelse er godt for samfundet, økonomien og den enkelte. Undersøgelser viser, at jo mere man interesserer sig for sin uddannelse, desto bedre trivsel har man. Derfor må uddannelse aldrig blive til et spørgsmål om snæver opgaveløsning eller kortsigtet behovsopfyldelse. Det er en kvalitet, at vi forholder os frit og kritisk til vores egne fagligheder, og denne kritiske refleksion må ikkebegrænses eller umuliggøres af presset for at få studerende hurtigere igennem studierne. Men det har mange års nedskæringer alligevel sørget for.
Impact of noise to edge detection on images of different complexity
Authors: Maksimovic Vladimir , Milosevic Ivana , Petrovic Mile , Spalevic Petar , Jaksic Branimir
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an analysis of the edge detection over images of different complexity affected by Salt and Pepper, Gaussian and Speckle noise is performed. An analysis was performed for three noise levels, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1. Over 100 images from the BSD database were used for analysis and each image has a GroundTruth with which an objective assessment of the detected edges was performed using PR and F measures. Five edge detectors Canny, LoG, Sobel, Prewitt and Roberts operator were used. The results are presented graphically. The obtained results show that noise significantly affects the detection of edges. When it comes to Salt and Pepper noise, Canny detector has achieved the best results for all levels of noise and image complexity. With the Speckle noise type for high and medium number of details in the image, Canny also gave the best results, while for low number of details in the image it is the Prewitt operator. When it comes to Gaussian noise, for all three categories of image complexity the best operator is Prewitt.
Alchemists needed, to transform bronze to gold!
Authors: Frantsvåg Jan Erik
Published: September 2022

Much Bronze OA is of little interest from an OA point of view, but there is a subset of Bronze that has potential to be converted to Diamond OA. This is the kind of Bronze where the lack of a formal OA status is not due to economic considerations, but lack of resources and/or competence.
The effects of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) on production performance and relevant hormones of dairy cows
Authors: Ma Hui , Yao Songyang , Bai Libing , Bai Sarvvl , Liu Guoshi
Published: September 2022

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized in mammals. Therefore, the dietary supply of tryptophan is critical for the health and production performance (e.g., milk) of mammals. In the present study, 36 lactating Holstein cows were used, of which 24 cows were in the rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) feeding groups with different doses at 14 g/d and 28 g/d, respectively and 12 cows were in the control group. This approach could avoid dietary tryptophan being degraded by the rumen microorganisms and improve its bioavailability for cows. The results showed that RPT increased milk protein percentage, milk protein yield, milk solid non-fat (SNF), and milk yield. In response to RPT treatment, the levels of melatonin (MT), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased in the serum of cows compared to the controls. RPT feeding improved nutrient utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows, which enhanced the quality of milk.
Effects of establishing cultivated grassland on soil organic carbon fractions in a degraded alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Xiang , Huang Xiaotao , Qin Wenping , Li Xiaoan , Ma Zhiwen , Shi Hongxiao , Li Lanhai , Li Changzhong
Published: September 2022

Background

The degradation of alpine meadows has induced substantial losses of soil organic carbon (SOC) on the Tibetan Plateau. A commonly-used method for rehabilitating degraded alpine meadows in this region is establishing cultivated grasslands through sowing seed mixtures, but its impact on the biochemical stability of SOC has remained inadequately explored.

Methods

In this study, a total of 20 composited 0-20 cm soil samples were collected from a heavily degraded alpine meadow (DM) and three adjacent cultivated grasslands established for 3 years (CG3), 12 years (CG12), and 17 years (CG17) on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and the SOC pool was separated into labile C pool I (LOC I), labile C pool II (LOC II), and recalcitrant C pool (ROC) in order to investigate changes in contents of SOC fractions that have different biochemical stabilities after the establishment of cultivated grassland.

Results

Although the establishment of cultivated grasslands led to increases in soil total organic C content, the increase was only significant in samples with 17 years of cultivation. We found that the contents of the three SOC fractions were higher at CG3 and CG12 compared with those in the DM, and the differences were only significant for soil LOC II. By comparison, 17 years of cultivation led to significant increases in all of the SOC fraction contents. The results implied that different cultivation years had distinct impacts on SOC fractions in cultivated grasslands, and longer cultivation years contributed to accumulated soil ROC. The recalcitrance index of SOC in the DM was higher than that at CG3 and CG12, but lower than that at CG17. This was possibly due to the generally low litter quality of cultivated grasslands, which led to a slow release of complex compounds to soils. Moreover, it was observed that soil C:N ratio was a potential indicator of SOC biochemical stability because of their close correlation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the long-term establishment of cultivated grasslands on DM is a promising solution to recovering both the quantity and stability of SOC on the Tibetan Plateau.
Bilateral Abducens Nerve Paresis: A Rare Manifestation of Dengue Fever
Authors: Garg Pragati , Singh Swarastra P , Verma Archana , Singh Abhay , Chellaiyan Vinoth Gnana
Published: September 2022

Dengue fever is endemic in over 100 countries, with the majority of cases reported in the World Health Organization (WHO) regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Dengue fever is endemic in almost every state in India, and it is the leading cause of hospitalisation. The presentation may vary from being asymptomatic to having mild syndrome. Among other neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, oculomotor neuropathy, optic neuropathy and unilateral abducens nerve palsy has been reported but to the best of authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of dengue virus related type three internuclear Ophthalmoplegia. A 47-year-old male patient presented with complaints of fever on and off for the last 3 days along with speech defects. At admission his blood pressure was 120/86 mmHg, pulse rate was 96 per minute. Oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) was 94%. He was thoroughly investigated for various viral and bacterial infections, none of which was detected in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) serum test. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against Hepatitis C Virus (anti-HCV), antibody against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1/2 (anti-HIV 1/2) were all negative. Anti-dengue virus Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was found to be positive. The patient complained of double vision and on examination diplopia in both lateral gaze with maximum separation of images in right gaze. Due to the wider range of possible presentations, it is imperative to consistently follow-up with all dengue patients to check for any neurological sequalae.
A Comparison of Tracheal Intubation with Ambu® AuraGainTM, Fastrach® and BlockBuster® Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Raiger LK , Sharma Bhawesh , Gehlot Ravindra Kumar , Dhania Swati , Meena Hemant Kumar
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Airway management has been a key to quality, efficacy and safety of anaesthesia. The Ambu® AuraGain™ is an anatomically curved Supraglottic Airway Device (SAD), which has gastric access port and is used for both ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Fastrach® Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (FT-LMA) serves as a conduit for intubation and ventilation for difficult airway situation. It has an epiglottic elevating bar designed to lift the epiglottis as endotracheal tube passes. BlockBuster® LMA is latest generation LMA used for ventilation and intubation. It has a short airway tube which has > 95° angulation to match the oropharyngeal curve and thus makes the insertion easy and less traumatic. Aim: To compare first attempt success rate of tracheal intubation using Ambu® AuraGain™, Fastrach® and BlockBuster® LMA in adult patients. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Ravindra Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India from February 2021 to February 2022. The study comprised of 135 ASA physical status I and II patients of both sex, aged 18-60 years who were admitted and scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups (45 in each) - group A (Ambu® AuraGain™ group), group F (Fastrach® group), and group B (BlockBuster® group). Tracheal intubation was performed using appropriate size endotracheal tube after LMA placement. The outcome measures were first attempt successful intubation, time taken for intubation, glottis visualisation, and incidence of complications (blood stained LMA, nausea/vomiting). Results: The mean age of the group A, group B and group F were 35.8±15.0, 32.71±12.59, and 38.7.0±14 respectively which was statistically not significant. Group B had a significantly greater success rate of first attempt intubation (93.3%) in comparison with group F (64.4%), and group A (22.2%). LMA insertion score of 1 was found in 53.3% patients in group B, 42.2% patients in group F and 15.5% patients in group A. A Brimacombe score of 4 was found in 46.6% patients in group B as compared to 13.3% patients in group F and (33.3%) patients in group A, (p-value=0.020). Blood stained LMA was found in 1 patient in group B, 9 in group F and 7 in group A (p-value=0.030). Conclusion: BlockBuster® LMA is a better conduit for tracheal intubation than Fastrach® LMA and Ambu® AuraGain™ in adult patients with no anticipated airway difficulties.
Estimation of Heritability and Genetic Advance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Kumar Bijendra , Kumar Sarvendra , Singh Som Veer
Published: September 2022

An experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in the 100 wheat genotypes including ten parents and 45 F1 and 45 F2 for obtained through half diallel mating design in pea during 2021-22 at Oil Seed Farm, Kalyanpur, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.) Quantitative analysis were carried out for all the parameters which are directly or indirectly associated with the yield and yield contributing traits. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the studied characters for parents.  In F1 significant variability was observed in all the traits except spike length, number of grains per spike and protein content reflecting considerable amount of heterotic response in these attributes. High heritability was observed in all the characters in F1 and F2 in both the generations. Highest value of GCV and PCV were observed for grain yield per plant (20.01) in F2 indicating the presence of high genetic variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for protein content and yield per plant which indicate the presence of additive gene action and used for future population improvement. The genotypes with specific characters could be utilized for hybridization programme.
Catheter Ablation vs. Medical Therapy as First-line for Treatment of Symptomatic Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hassan Syeda Sehrish , Aboaba Abiodun O. , Rahim Omar , Abdelmalek Shaymaa E. , Singh Prerna , Ogundipe Taiwo , Talukdar Probal , Asaolu Gideon , Choga Epiniah S. , Williams Daniel Kasho , Oluwade Bolude Oludele , Bouchama Manel , Karadapanddy Yishwerer , Batti Patrick , Adedoyin Adewale Mark
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The outcomes of Catheter Ablation (CA) and antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) as the first-line treatment of paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (AF) are unclear. The current systematic review reports the evidence on efficacy outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) versus antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) among these patients.

Methods: Three databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched by three independent reviewers to identify relevant randomized control trials (RCTs).

Results: A total of 1,145 patients across five studies were assessed in this systematic review. Among these patients, 577 were randomized to receive ablation, and 568 were randomized to receive AAD. The recurrence rate was significantly higher among patients who received AAD at 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. The health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) was significantly better in the patients who received ablation therapy. The incidence of serious adverse events was 14 (6.4%) in the ablation group and 9 (4.3%) in the AAD group.

Conclusion: CA seems promising for managing AF in terms of any AF recurrence, hospitalization, and quality of life. There was no increase in side effects compared to AAD.
Predictive Modeling for Parametric Analysis of an Air Conditioning System in a 400-seat Auditorium in Warri, Sub-tropical Nigeria
Authors: Edafiadhe E. D. , NwobiOkoye C. C. , Madu K. E. , Chukwuneke J. L.
Published: September 2022

Considering the fact that Warri is located in the sub-tropical region of Nigeria which is characterized by excessively high temperature and high humidity, it is necessary to develop an air-conditioning system which can reduce the hot and ambient temperature within a confined space for human comfort. This research presents the design of an air-conditioning system for comfort of occupants in a 400-Seater auditorium. The three independent variables considered for this design are; the number of occupants, air exchange rate and the outdoor temperature. The auditorium was properly measured and the heat generated by the bulbs, appliances and occupants were adequately considered to get the required cooling load. Regression analysis was used to predict and determine the cooling load. Optimization analysis was also done to determine the optimal condition for maximum cooling load. The plant capacity that will provide thermal comfort for the 400 occupants was calculated to be 25 ton of refrigeration (TR).
MOTIVASI DAN MINAT BERKUNJUNG KEMBALI KE DESTINASI DARK TOURISM: STUDI KASUS LAWANG SEWU, SEMARANG
Authors: Lawby Christina , Fedora Priscilia , Thio Sienny
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the factors that motivate tourists to visit dark tourism destinations and the contribution of each factor in forming local tourist motivation. Tourist intention to return to dark tourism destinations in Lawang Sewu was also analyzed. The method of data collection was employed online by distributing questionnaires using googleform. Of the total 155 data collected, only 112 questionnaires were used for further analysis. This study uses an exploratory quantitative approach. The results of this study identified seven new factors , namely: (1) dark experience; (2) historical and curiosity, (3) ambience and nostalgia; (4) a must-see attraction; (5) thrilling experience and affordable ticket; (6) referrals; and (7) interest in railways. The biggest contributing motivation in encouraging tourist visits to Lawang Sewu is dark experience. In addition, this study also reveals that tourists still have a high interest in revisiting the Lawang Sewu destination.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memotivasi wisatawan dalam mengunjungi destinasi dark tourism serta kontribusi untuk masing-masing faktor dalam membentuk motivasi tersebut. Minat wisatawan untuk berkunjung kembali ke destinasi dark tourism di Lawang Sewu juga dianalisa. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring dengan menyebarkan kuesioner menggunakan googleform. Dari 155 data yang terkumpul, hanya 112 kuesioner yang digunakan untuk pengolahan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksploratori. Hasil penelitian ini mengidentifikasi tujuh faktor baru yang dinamakan (1) dark experience; (2) historical dan curiosity, (3) ambience dan nostalgia; (4) a must-see attraction; (5) thrilling experience dan affordable ticket; (6) referral; dan (7) interest in railway. Motivasi yang berkontribusi terbesar dalam mendorong kunjungan wisatawan ke Lawang Sewu adalah dark experience. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan bahwa wisatawan masih memiliki minat yang tinggi untuk berkunjung kembali ke destinasi Lawang Sewu.
PENGARUH KONSUMSI MAKANAN GENERASI Z TERHADAP NIAT UNTUK PENGURANGAN LIMBAH MAKANAN RESTORAN DI SURABAYA
Authors: Siaputra Hanjaya , Chealsea Natalia , Angela Michelle
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of generation Z food consumption towards food waste reduction intention in restaurants in Surabaya with attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control as the mediating variables. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 241 respondents, then analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques with Partial Least Square (PLS) software. The result showed a positive, but insignificant relationship between generation Z food consumption and food waste reduction intention. Attitude and subjective norms were not proven to have mediating effect between the two variables, whereas perceived behavioral control were proven to have mediating effect.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan generasi Z terhadap food waste reduction intention dalam restoran di Surabaya dengan variabel mediasi attitude, subjective norms, dan perceived behavioral control. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 241 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisa statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan software Partial Least Square (PLS) dalam proses pengolahan datanya. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif tetapi tidak signifikan antara food consumption generasi Z terhadap food waste reduction intention. Kemudian attitude serta subjective norms tidak terbukti sebagai variabel yang memediasi hubungan antara food consumption generasi Z terhadap food waste reduction intention, sedangkan perceived behavioral control terbukti sebagai variabel yang memediasi hubungan antara food consumption generasi Z terhadap food waste reduction intention.
CROWDEDNESS DAN SAFETY MEASURES PADA RESTAURANT PATRONAGE CHOICES SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Natasha Giovani , Trisha Sharon , Harianto Agung
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine which attributes of crowdedness and safety measures are the customer's choices when determining restaurant patronage choices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher used descriptive statistical analysis, and cross tabulation analysis between gender and the choice of restaurant patronage, and Google Form. Analysis of dine-in on patronage choices, respondents chose low crowdedness by providing distance between tables, while take away and leave on patronage choices, respondents chose high crowdedness with no safety measure. Not using in-between table also widely applied in restaurants because it can cause distance. In terms of crowds, perceptions of safety, comfort, popularity and quality also determine the level of crowds. The results of the crosstabulation analysis show that women are more concerned with safety measures and avoiding crowds, and men are more flexible and adaptable.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui atribut crowdedness dan safety measure mana yang menjadi pilihan pelanggan saat menentukan restaurant patronage choices selama pandemi COVID-19. Peneliti menggunakan analisa statistik deskriptif, dan analisa tabulasi silang antara jenis kelamin dengan pilihan patronase restoran, serta Google Form. Dari 190 data, hasil analisa dine in pada patronage choices, responden memilih kondisi low crowdedness dengan memberikan jarak antar meja, sedangkan pilihan take away dan leave pada patronage choices, responden memilih high crowdedness dengan no safety measure. Pemberian tanda silang pada beberapa meja juga banyak diterapkan di restoran karena bisa menimbulkan jarak. Dalam segi keramaian, persepsi keamanan, kenyamanan, popularitas dan kualitas juga menentukan tingkat keramaian. Hasil analisa tabulasi silang menunjukkan wanita lebih mementingkan langkah-langkah keamanan dan menghindari keramaian, serta pria lebih fleksibel dan mudah beradaptasi.
PENGARUH INOVASI PRODUK TERHADAP MINAT BELI MINUMAN KOPI MELALUI MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI GENERASI Z DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Tanuwijaya William , Tandrayuwana Steven , Aprilia Adriana
Published: September 2022

This research aims to determine the influence of product innovation on purchase intention of coffee beverage through motivations of generation Z in the city of Surabaya. Questionnaires were distributed to 122 respondents who had visited and bought coffee beverages by takeaway at local shops or outside licensed shops. This type of research uses quantitative methods with data analysis smart PLS and non-probability sampling as the sampling method. The results of this research are that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention in coffee beverage products, and motivation as a moderating variable between product innovation and purchase intention of coffee beverage products has a negative and significant effect.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh inovasi produk terhadap minat beli minuman kopi melalui motivasi sebagai variabel moderasi generasi Z di Kota Surabaya. Kuesioner disebarkan kepada 122 responden generasi Z yang pernah berkunjung dan membeli minuman kopi secara takeaway di kedai lokal maupun kedai berlisensi luar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakkan teknik analisis data smart partial least structer dengan teknik non-probability purposive sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah inovasi produk berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli produk minuman kopi, serta motivasi sebagai variabel moderasi antara inovasi produk terhadap minat beli produk minuman kopi berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan.
Characteristics of eye movements while viewing indoor plants and improvements in occupants' cognitive functions
Authors: Sugano Soma , Tazaki Miku , Arai Haruka , Matsuo Kazuya , Tanabe Shin‐ichi
Published: September 2022

Plants improve indoor environmental quality as a visual factor and enhance occupants' overall well‐being. However, research on the mechanisms by which plants improve human cognitive function is limited. This study examined the characteristics of eye movement while viewing indoor plants and their relationship with the cognitive benefits of plants. Thirty students performed cognitive tasks in four desktop conditions: no objects, real plants, artificial plants, and books. Eye movements while viewing plants during rest times in the reading span task (RST), which requires working memory, were characterized by a lower number of fixations, frequent dispersion of fixation points, and a higher number of blinks. Females showed higher RST scores under the real plant condition than under the no‐object condition. These results are consistent with the assumption that plants require lower cognitive effort and better restoration of attention capacity. In addition, in the real plant condition, females showed higher RST scores than males, and only females showed higher creativity scores than those in other conditions. Therefore, gender differences in the cognitive benefits of plants have been suggested. This study provides new insights into the effects of indoor plants on occupants' cognitive functions by quantifying visual perception processes using eye‐tracking technology.
Continuous Color‐Tunable Light‐Emitting Devices Based on Compositionally Graded Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys
Authors: Pu Jiang , Ou Hao , Yamada Tomoyuki , Wada Naoki , Naito Hibiki , Ogura Hiroto , Endo Takahiko , Liu Zheng , Irisawa Toshifumi , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Gao Yanlin , Maruyama Mina , Okada Susumu , Shinokita Keisuke , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyata Yasumitsu , Takenobu Taishi
Published: September 2022

The diverse series of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials has been employed in various optoelectronic applications, such as photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers. Typically, the detection or emission range of optoelectronic devices is unique to the bandgap of the active material. Therefore, to improve the capability of these devices, extensive efforts have been devoted to tune the bandgap, such as gating, strain, and dielectric engineering. However, the controllability of these methods is severely limited (typically ≈0.1 eV). In contrast, alloying TMDCs is an effective approach that yields a composition‐dependent bandgap and enables light emissions over a wide range. In this study, a color‐tunable light‐emitting device using compositionally graded TMDC alloys is fabricated. The monolayer WS2/WSe2 alloy grown by chemical vapor deposition shows a spatial gradient in the light‐emission energy, which varies from 2.1 to 1.7 eV. This alloy is incorporated in an electrolyte‐based light‐emitting device structure that can tune the recombination zone laterally. Thus, a continuous and reversible color‐tunable light‐emitting device is successfully fabricated by controlling the light‐emitting positions. The results provide a new approach for exploring monolayer semiconductor‐based broadband optical applications.
A Multi‐Bioactive Nanomicelle‐Based “One Stone for Multiple Birds” Strategy for Precision Therapy of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Lin Wenjie , Hu Kaiyao , Li Chenwen , Pu Wendan , Yan Xinhao , Chen Haiyan , Hu Houyuan , Deng Hongping , Zhang Jianxiang
Published: September 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains a lethal aortic disease in the elderly. Currently, no effective drugs can be clinically applied to prevent the development of AAA. Herein, a “one stone for multiple birds” strategy for AAA therapy is reported. As a proof of concept, three bioactive conjugates are designed and synthesized, which can assemble into nanomicelles. Cellularly, these nanomicelles significantly inhibit migration and activation of inflammatory cells as well as protect vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from induced oxidative stress, calcification and apoptosis, with the best effect for nanomicelles (TPTN) derived from a conjugate defined as TPT. After intravenous delivery, TPTN efficiently accumulates in the aneurysmal tissue of AAA rats, showing notable distribution in neutrophils, macrophages and VSMCs, all relevant to AAA pathogenesis. Whereas three examined nanomicelles effectively delay expansion of AAA in rats, TPTN most potently prevents AAA growth by simultaneously normalizing the pro‐inflammatory microenvironment and regulating multiple pathological cells. TPTN is effective even at 0.2 mg kg−1. Besides, TPTN can function as a bioactive nanoplatform for site‐specifically delivering and triggerably releasing anti‐aneurysmal drugs, affording synergistic therapeutic effects. Consequently, TPTN is a promising multi‐bioactive nanotherapy and bioresponsive targeting delivery nanocarrier for effective therapy of AAA and other inflammatory vascular diseases.
Peptoid‐Loaded Microgels Self‐Defensively Inhibit Staphylococcal Colonization of Titanium in a Model of Operating‐Room Contamination
Authors: Zhao Wenhan , Wang Haoyu , Xiao Xixi , De Stefano Lauren , Katz Jordan , Lin Jennifer S. , Barron Annelise E. , Schaer Thomas P. , Wang Hongjun , Libera Matthew
Published: September 2022

Bacterial contamination of an exposed implantable medical device by the atmosphere of an operating room (OR) is increasingly implicated as a cause of device‐associated infection. Here, OR contamination is modeled in vitro using an aerosolizing system to spray small quantities of staphylococci onto titanium rods. Contaminated rods always manifest culturable bacteria. Self‐assembly is used to create a self‐defensive Ti surface that substantially enhances the rod's resistance to such contamination. Poly(acrylic acid) microgels are electrostatically deposited onto small Ti rods and subsequently loaded by complexation with a cationic antimicrobial peptoid (TM1). The microgels are visualized in situ by optical microscopy, and changes in microgel diameter indicate the loading state. These measurements show that TM1 can be quickly loaded from low‐ionic‐strength buffer and subsequently remained sequestered within the microgels for up to 4 weeks when soaked in phosphate buffered saline. TM1‐loaded microgel‐modified Ti surfaces are contaminated with aerosolized staphylococci, and subsequent assays indicate few or no culturable bacteria. In the absence of nutrients to enable metabolism, this finding suggests that bacteria trigger local TM1 release by contact transfer. The modified surfaces exhibit good in vitro cytocompatibility as manifested by the adhesion, spreading, and metabolic activity of human fetal osteoblasts.
Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of the Neuritogenic Echinoderm Ganglioside LLG‐5 and Related Analogues
Authors: Cho Yuan‐Ting , Adak Avijit K. , Su Yung‐Yu , Chang Ting‐Wei , Lin Chun‐Cheng
Published: September 2022

LLG‐5 1 is a Neu5Gc8Me‐containing echinoderm ganglioside (EG) isolated from starfish Linckia laevigata. It showed neuritogenic activity toward the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line PC‐12. The first chemoenzymatic total synthesis of the trisialoganglioside LLG‐5 1 has been accomplished by utilizing a convergent [2+3] coupling between a Neu5Gc8Meα(2→5)Neu5Gc‐linked disialoside and a C5‐amino GM3 ceramide, Neu5NH2(2→3)Galβ(1→4)Glcβ‐Cer. A photoactivatable lactosyl phytosphingosine bearing a sulphonate moiety was developed to permit aqueous buffer solubility of the hydrophobic glycolipid acceptor for enzymatic α(2,3) sialylation. In addition, the synthetic route is flexible, allowing non‐natural LLG‐5 analogues in native lengths with or without modification at C8 of the terminal Neu5Gc and/or N‐acyl component, further expanding the diversity of LLG‐5 structures that could be achieved. The developed synthetic strategy may enable access to other EGs.

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Liposome‐Mediated Biomimetic Delivery of PLK3 Inhibitor with NIR II‐Triggered Release Prevents Renal Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Zhang Hailing , Li Junhui , Qian Xiaoqian , Guo Meng , Jiang Gengru , Gu Yan
Published: September 2022

As one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) results in tubular necrosis and renal inflammation. Here, from gene screening, it is found that Polo‐like kinase 3 (PLK3), but not other PLKs, is highly up‐regulated during mouse IRI. In vivo administration of PLK3 inhibitor alleviates IRI‐induced AKI, but induces myelosuppression. Thus, a novel liposome‐mediated biomimetic delivery system with 1080 nm near infrared (NIR)‐triggered release to specifically and efficiently delivering the inhibitor to the kidney is developed. NIR light irradiation to kidney results in an excellent effect for reduced immune cell infiltration and renal inflammation. Mechanistically, PLK3 inhibition suppresses the degradation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated oxidative stress, thus protecting the renal tubular epithelial cells from cell death and preventing macrophage activation and renal inflammation. Thus, the NIR light‐triggered liposome system provides an efficient candidate treatment for AKI without systemic side effect.
Cell‐Free, Dendritic Cell‐Mimicking Extracellular Blebs for Molecularly Controlled Vaccination
Authors: Thone Melissa N. , Chung Jee Young , Ingato Dominique , Lugin Margaret L. , Kwon Young Jik
Published: September 2022

Dendritic cells (DCs) are prime targets for vaccination and immunotherapy. However, limited control over antigen presentation at a desired maturation status in these plastic materials remains a fundamental challenge in efficiently orchestrating a controlled immune response. DC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can overcome some of these issues, but have significant production challenges. Herein, this work employs a unique chemicallyinduced method for production of DC‐derived extracellular blebs (DC‐EBs) that overcome the barriers of DC and DC‐derived EV vaccines. DC‐EBs are molecular snapshots of DCs in time, cell‐like particles with fixed stimulatory profiles for controlled immune signaling. DC‐EBs are produced in an order of magnitude more quickly and efficiently than conventional EVs and display stable structural integrity and antigen presentation compared to live DCs. Multi‐omic analysis confirmed DC‐EBs are majorly pure plasma membrane vesicles that are homogeneous at the single‐vesicle level, critical for safe and effective vaccination. Immature versus mature molecular profiles on DC‐EBs exhibit molecularly modulated immune responses compared to live DCs, improving remission and survival of tumor‐challenged mice via generation of antigen‐specific T cells. For the first time, DC‐EBs make their case for use in vaccines and for their potential in modulating other immune responses, potentially in combination with other immunotherapeutics.
Differential prognostic impact of RUNX1 mutations according to frontline therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Venugopal Sangeetha , DiNardo Courtney D. , Loghavi Sanam , Qiao Wei , Ravandi Farhad , Konopleva Marina , Kadia Tapan , Bhalla Kapil , Jabbour Elias , Issa Ghayas C. , Macaron Walid , Daver Naval , Borthakur Gautam , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Yilmaz Musa , Patel Keyur P. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Chien Kelly , Maiti Abhishek , Kantarjian Hagop , Short Nicholas J.
Published: September 2022

RUNX1‐mutated (mRUNX1) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has historically been associated with poor outcomes in the setting of conventional chemotherapy. The prognostic impact of mRUNX1 AML is not well‐established in the current era of lower‐intensity treatment regimens incorporating venetoclax. We retrospectively analyzed 907 patients with newly diagnosed AML, including 137 patients with mRUNX1 AML, who underwent first‐line therapy with intensive chemotherapy (IC), low‐intensity therapy without venetoclax (LIT without VEN), or LIT with VEN. When stratified by RUNX1 status, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between mRUNX1 and wild‐type (wtRUNX1) AML, regardless of therapy received. However, among patients who received LIT with VEN, there was a trend towards superior overall survival (OS) in those with mRUNX1 AML (median OS for mRUNX1 vs. wtRUNX1: 25.1 vs. 11.3 months; 2‐year OS 54% vs. 33%; p = 0.12). In patients without another adverse‐risk cyto‐molecular feature, the presence of mRUNX1 conferred inferior OS in patients who received IC (p = 0.02) or LIT without VEN (p = 0.003) but not in those who received LIT with VEN (mRUNX1 vs. wtRUNX1: 25.1 vs. 30.0 months; 2‐year OS 59% vs. 54%; p = 0.86). A multivariate analysis showed possible interaction between RUNX1 mutation status and treatment, suggesting a differential prognostic impact of RUNX1 mutations when patients received IC versus LIT with VEN. In summary, the prognostic impact of mRUNX1 AML may be treatment‐dependent, and the presence of RUNX1 mutations may not impact clinical outcomes when venetoclax‐based regimens are used.