bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MORFOLOGI VEGETATIF JENIS POHON TENGKAWANG (Shorea spp) DI DESA MENSIAU KECAMATAN BATANG LUPAR KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Authors: Riska . , Manurung Togar Fernando
Published: October 2019

Tengkawang is a Shorea tree which includes in Dipterocarpacea family. This tree was the indigenous species of West Kalimantan, and mostly found in Kapuas Hulu Regency.  Tengkawang seed which is the mascot of West Kalimantan Province was used to produce vegetable oil,  chocolate, medicine, margarine, candles, and cosmetics. One of the villages which famous on Tengkawang products were Mensiau village which located in Batang Lupar sub district, Kapuas Hulu Regency. The objective of research was to inventory the diversity of Tengkawang tree in Mensiau village, Batang Lupar sub district, Kapuas Hulu Regency, and identification and made a description on morphology of Tengkawang tree. The research was conducted from May until August 2017. The methods used exploration on four lines in the forest of Mensiau village. The research found total individuals of Tengkawang tree was 1,689 trees. There were five types of Tengkawang, namely Shorea stenoptera, Shorea beccariana, Shorea pinanga, Shorea seminis and Shorea macrophylla. The local names of Tengkawang in Mensiau village were Engkabang Tungkul, Engkabang Rambai, Engkabang Trindak, and Engkabang Biasa. The total individuals of Shorea stenoptera was 408 tree, Shorea beccariana was 571 tree, Shorea pinanga was 370 tree, Shorea seminis was 186 tree and Shorea macrophylla was 154 tree. The efforts on conservation of Tengkawang tree in Mensiau village was needed because the forest in the village was suitable for the habitat of Tengkawang. Keywords : Kapuas Hulu, Shorea beccariana, Shorea macrophylla, Shorea pinanga, Shorea seminis, Shorea stenoptera, Tengkawang
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI UNTUK MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM MELALUI SKEMA REDD+
Authors: Widhanarto Ganjar Oki , Purwanto Ris Hadi , Maryudi Ahmad , Senawi .
Published: October 2019

In 2009 the Goverment of Indonesia through the National Development Planning Agency has launched a Sectoral Climate Road Map, where the forestry sector relies on the development of industrial forest plantations (HTI) and forest management units (KPH) with the most efficient consideration of the cost budget and the effectiveness of technical feasibility for sustainability. The policy of HTI development by the Indonesian government furthermore has the opportunity to contribute to climate change mitigation through the REDD + scheme. This study aims to develop the strategies of  industrial forest plantation management for REDD + schemes. This study analyzed internal factors that become strengths and weaknesses as well as external factors that become opportunities and threats using SWOT analysis to develop the strategies. The management of HTI in case of  industrial forest plantation company PT. Finnantara Intiga (FI) was defined as an internal environment, while the external environment covers the entire environment related to HTI and REDD+. The results of the research showed that, the strength score is 1,817 and weakness is 1,186, so the difference is 0,631 (positive), as well as the element of opportunity is greater than the threat. The positive difference values both strength and opportunity indicate the priority strategies that will be used by PT. Finnantara Intiga in the REDD + scheme is an aggressive strategy (SO strategy)by using all the strengths and utilizing the opportunities.Keywords : Industrial forest plantation, REDD+, SWOT Analysis
EKSTRAK BUAH BAKAU Rhizophora mucronata Lamk SEBAGAI PEWARNA ALAMI PADA KAIN KATUN
Authors: Septiandini Tasya Nabilla , Muflihati .
Published: October 2019

The fruit of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk content of tannin which can be used as natural dye color. Research purposes was to extract the fruit of R. mucronata, used the extract with fixation material as cotton natural dye, and evaluation the resistance of the color. The research was conducted for three months at Wood Technology laboratory and Wood workshop laboratory at Forestry Faculty Tanjungpura University. The fruit of R. mucronata was extraction with aquades with ratio 1:10 (weight/volume) at temperature ±80ºC for 60 minutes. The fixation materials were tawas, kapur tohor and tunjung. The cotton was dipped into the extract then analyzes the change of the color before and after the coloring process. After that the cotton was dipped into the fixation materials. The ratio of fixation materials and aquades was 1:20 (weight/volume). After coloring the change of the color was measured. Evaluation the resistance of the color after fixation was made refer on ASTM D 870-02-2002 for hot water treatment and ASTM D-1308-02-2013 for cold water treatment. The quality of color was measured with Munsell Soil Color Chart and Hunter Lab. The result of research showed that extract of R. mucronata give a pink color to the cotton with average value of ∆E was 22.74. The retention of extract to cotton was 4.47 g/cm3. The additional of fixation materials, i.e. tunjung and kapur tohor resulted the drak color meanwhile tawas made the lightest color. The average ∆E values were 6.16-39.84. Extract of fruit of R. mucronata with additional of tunjung as fixation materials can be used for natural dye for cotton and wood. Keywords : kapur tohor, natural dye, Rhizophora mucronata, tawas, tunjung
The Sensitivity of Cu for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Hydrocarbons as Revealed by High Throughput Experiments
Authors: Lai Yunchieh , Jones Ryan J. R. , Wang Yu , Zhou Lan , Richter Matthias , Gregoire John
Published: October 2019

Electrochemical CO2 reduction to valuable products is a centerpiece of future energy technologies that relies on identificaiton of new catalysts. We present accelerated screening of Cu bimetallic alloys, revealing remarkable sensitivity to alloy concentration that indicates the segregation of alloying elements to critical sites for hydrocarbon formation.
Применение обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы с целью профилактики поздних осложнений и болевого синдрома после герниопластики
Authors: Tkachenko A. I. , Chetverikov S. G. , Atanasov D. V.
Published: October 2019

Цель. За счет применения обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы (ОTП) снизить степень выраженности поздних осложнений у больных, оперированных по поводу инцизионных вентральных грыж.
Материалы и методы. В клиническое исследование, проведенное в условиях хирургического отделения Центра реконструктивной и восстановительной медицины (Университетская клиника) Одесского национального медицинского университета с 2013 по 2019 г., включены 84 больных, оперированных по поводу послеоперационных вентральных грыж. Средний возраст больных составил (60,1 ± 7,6) года, размер грыжевых дефектов - 8,2 см, средний индекс массы тела – 31,8 кг/м2. Больным по показаниям выполнен стандартный объем оперативного вмешательства: грыжесечение, герниопластика передней брюшной стенки облегченным (80 г/м2) полипропиленовым имплантатом. Пациентам основной группы после выполнения пластики зону имплантации протеза инфильтрировали активированной аутологичной ОТП, которая была заготовлена путем двойного центрифугирования, в объеме 14 – 38 мл. Пациентам контрольной группы инфильтрацию ОТП не выполняли. Качество жизни пациентов оценивали с помощью стандартизированного опросника SF-36 до операции, а также в послеоперационном периоде. С целью дифференцирования нейропатической боли применяли опросники DN4 и ID Pain.
Результаты. У пациентов обеих групп в послеоперационном периоде отмечали повышение показателей качества жизни. Статистическая достоверность различий показателей была выше у пациентов с надапоневротическим расположением протеза. Показатели физического здоровья и ассоциированные с ними показатели социальной активности, общего состояния здоровья демонстрировали значимо более высокий уровень качества жизни у пациентов основной группы. Показатель общего состояния здоровья у больных после надапоневротической герниопластики с применением ОТП был достоверно выше, чем в контрольной группе – соответственно 69,3 ± 3,8 и 59,7 ± 4,1 (p < 0,05).
Выводы. Техника инфильтрации мягких тканей, контактирующих с полипропиленовым протезом, безопасна, достоверно не увеличивает риск возникновения локальных или системных осложнений. Предложенная методика за счет модификации репаративных процессов в зоне герниопластики способствует интеграции протеза, снижает риск развития и степень выраженности биомеханических нарушений, хронического болевого синдрома, что положительно сказывается на качестве жизни пациентов. Эффективность техники статистически достоверно выше у пациентов после надапоневротической герниопластики.
Тримодальна органозберігаюча терапія в сучасному алгоритмі лікування первинного низькодиференційованого м’язово-інвазивного раку сечового міхура
Authors: Yakovlev P. G.
Published: October 2019

Мета. Визначити сучасне місце тримодальної органозберігаючої терапії (ТМТ) в лікуванні первинного низькодиференційованого (G3) раку сечового міхура (РСМ).

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані ретроспективно дані історій хвороб 346 пацієнтів з первинним G3 РСМ, оперованих за 2004 - 2017 рр., а саме клінічна стадія РСМ; методи лікування: хірургічний (радикальна цистектомія/резекція), дистанційна променева терапія (ДПТ), поліхіміотерапія (ПХТ); виживаність. З причини тяжкої коморбідності 13 хворим, крім біопсії сечового міхура, подальшого хірургічного лікування не проводили. Цих хворих з аналізу ми виключили.

Результати. Органозберігаюча операція виконана 224 (67%) хворим. Загальна смертність становила 63%. Післяопераційну терапію (ДПТ або ПХТ) отримали 54 (16,2%) хворих, з них 44 (81,5%) - ДПТ, 10 (18,5%) - ПХТ. Жодному пацієнту не проводили в комбінації ПХТ та ДПТ. Загальна смертність хворих, що отримали ДПТ або ПХТ, становила 80%, середня тривалість дожиття - 17 та 8 міс відповідно.

Висновки. Органозберігаюча хірургічна тактика в сучасному лікуванні первинного G3 РСМ займає вагоме місце: 67% усіх хворих були оперовані в обсязі резекції. ТМТ на даний час не застосовують в лікуванні G3 РСМ. Післяопераційна ПХТ або ДПТ проведена 16,2% хворих в монорежимі здебільшого з паліативною метою, що не сприяло тривалій виживаності (смертність становила 80%).
Лікування опікового шоку на спеціалізованому етапі
Authors: Kovalenko O. M.
Published: October 2019

Мета. Удосконалити протокол інфузійної терапії опікового шоку із застосуванням реосорбілакту.
Матеріали і методи. Реосорбілакт використовували як компонент інфузійної програми у 30 хворих з опіковою хворобою та гіповолемією (основна група), що потребувало використання колоїдних кровозамінників. Лікувальні властивості реосорбілакту оцінювали, порівнюючи їх з дією колоїдних і кристалоїдних розчинів, які застосовували як базисну інфузійну терапію у 20 хворих (порівняльна група).
Результати. Реосорбілакт, введений у дозі 10 мл/кг для усунення гіповолемії, виявляв гемодинамічну дію: збільшення фракції викиду на 4% на 2-гу добу застосування у порівнянні з 1-ю добою і на 2% у порівнянні з відповідним показником у хворих порівняльної групи; зменшення загального добового обсягу інфузії на 10% на 2-гу добу після травми і на 12,7% на 3-тю добу, збільшення діурезу, зменшення дефіциту буферних основ.
Висновки. Реосорбілакт, якому властива гемодинамічна дія, перешкоджає розвитку метаболічного ацидозу, чинить діуретичний ефект, приводить до зменшення загального обсягу інфузійної терапії і в такий спосіб покращує перебіг опікового шоку.
Морфологічна характеристика легенів тварин з експериментальним перитонітом
Authors: Dzubanovsky I. Ya. , Vervega B. M. , Pidruchna S. R. , Melnyk N. A.
Published: October 2019

Мета. Вивчити та оцінити морфологічні зміни в легенях тварин з експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом.
Матеріали і методи. У цьому дослідженні використано 32 білих щури. Гострий перитоніт моделювали шляхом введення 0,5 мл 10% розчину захопленої фекальної суспензії в черевну порожнину досліджуваних тварин. Строки спостереження: 1-ша, 3-тя, 7-ма доби від початку моделювання перитоніту. Для гістологічного дослідження брали тканину легенів. Отримані шматочки органа фіксували в 10% розчині нейтрального формаліну, а потім фарбували гематоксиліном і еозином.
Результати. Упродовж усього спостереження посилювалася ексудативно-запальна реакція судин, виникали дистелектаз, ділянки спадання та емфізематозного розширення альвеол, а також розширення та повнокров’я судин. Стінка бронхів потовщувалась переважно за рахунок клітинних інфільтратів, просвіти бронхіол були вільними від ексудату та клітинних елементів.
Висновки. Під час гістологічного дослідження тканини легенів тварин із змодельованим гострим поширеним перитонітом у порівнянні з інтактними щурами на 1-шу добу експерименту було виявлено ділянки спадання та емфізематозного розширення альвеол. На 3-тю добу більшість судин мала широкі повнокровні просвіти, відбувався еритродіапедез як у периваскулярні простори, так і в просвіт окремих альвеол. На 7-му добу спостерігали значне розширення вен та кровонаповнення артерій.
Analisis Kebutuhan Penyusunan Buku Ajar Tata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: R Mantasiah , Amir Amir , Yusri Yusri , Anwar Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan penyusunan buku ajar tata bahasa Jerman berdasarkan respon mahasiswa. Data ini nantinya akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penyusunan buku ajar tata bahasa Jerman. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Partisipan yang dilibatkan adalah 30 mahasiswa pendidikan bahasa Jerman yang telah memprogramkan mata kuliah tata bahasa Jerman dasar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 aspek yang sebaiknya diperhatikan dalam penyusunan buku ajar tata bahasa diantaranya adalah 1) Komposisi setiap materi harus disesuaikan dengan analisis kebutuhan pembelajar menggunakan analisis kesalahan berbahasa, 2) Penggunaan Analisis Kontrastif untuk Menjelaskan Tata Bahasa Jerman, 3) Bentuk  Soal Latihan yang Diberikan harus Bervariasi, 4) Menjelaskan Fenomena Tata Bahasa Jerman dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Linguistik.
Kemampuan Berpikir Logis dan Penguasaan Kosa kata Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Lestari Hesti , Usman Misnawaty , Hasmawati Hasmawati
Published: October 2019

There are many factors that can influence students' vocabulary mastery in foreign language learning. This study aims to determine the relationship between logical thinking skills and students' mastery of German vocabulary. Research is an experimental study involving only the experimental class without the control class. Data collection techniques are done through writing test and logical thinking test in the form of Intelligent Structure Test (IST). The sample in this study were 21 high school students selected through random sampling techniques. The results of the analysis of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the ability to think logically with students' mastery of German vocabulary. Students who have good critical thinking skills, tend to more easily remember and understand new vocabulary in learning foreign languages.
Learning Difficulties in Listening Comprehension
Authors: Sofyan Ryan Rayhana , Mushrihah Andi , Mushrihah Andi
Published: October 2019

This paper aims at describing the student’s listening skill and their learning difficulties in listening comprehension. The method used was a descriptive method. The instruments were pre-TOEFL test and questionnaire. The population was the second year students of State University of Makassar. The results of this research are: the students have poor score in their listening comprehension and the students' learning difficulties in listening comprehension are: problem in interpretation, the lack of vocabulary, difficulty to concentrate, problem with lecturer's accent, confusion in similar phonemes, the speed of the speech problem in accent, problem in reduction and there are no repetitions and in learning media, the noise from students themselves, unclear sound, air conditioner problems and seat position. Based on the result, the writer concludes that the students' ability in listening comprehension is still poor, the teacher should motivate them to develop the habit of writing daily listening so that they can improve their skill.
Gaya Penerjemahan “Funktionsvergfüge” Pada Novel Herr Der Diebe Karya Cornelia Funke
Authors: Uryadi Uryadi
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to analyze the translation of German “Funktionsverbgefüge” (verbal-nominal constructions) into bahasa and to find out the understanding of translating procedure, the equivalences and deviations in translating the forms. This research methodology is qualitative using content analysis technique. Data were sentences using the FVG. They were taken from a roman ‘Herr der Diebe” by Cornelia Funke and its version in bahasa. There were 137 FVG found and analyzed. The result of this research shows that (1) there are expressions using FVG were translated with five translating procedure, (2) it was found that the translated phrases habe communicative equivalences with the source sentences, and (3) the translating deviations found were most becouse of the translators failure in finding the right words.
The Effectively Of PAILKEM Learning Strategy In Outdoor Study Method For The Geography Learning Achievement Of The Students In Class XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Tanete Rilau Barru
Authors: Nurlinah Nurlinah , Zakariah Leo Muhammad Nur , Badwi Nasiah
Published: October 2019

Quasi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest control group design, involving two groups: experimental group was taught learning of strategies PAILKEM in Outdoors Study methods and control groups were taught with conventional learning. This study aims to determine, 1) how the result of students learn geography of the control group, 2) how the results of students learn geography of the experimental group, 3) whether there are differences in geography student learning outcomes between the two groups, 4) whether learning strategies PAILKEM in Outdoor Study methods effective against learning geography results in students XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Tanete Rilau. Sampling is done with Purposive Sampling. Data collection was carried out through the provision of pre-test and post-test. Data analyzed descriptive and inferential. The results showed that: 1) learning outcome of groups control score average learning outcomes 73.17 and there are 50 percent of the number of learners who achieve the value criterion exhaustiveness, 2) learning outcome of experiment groups average score earned 81.50 93.33 percent and there were a number of learners who achieve the value exhaustiveness minimum criteria or has been completed, 3) there is a significant difference between the results of the study of geography is taught by learning strategies PAILKEM in Outdoor Study method and a control group who were taught with the conventional learning , 4)  learning strategies PAILKEM in the Outdoor Study method is effective in improving outcomes of learning geography grade XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Tanete Rilau, Barru Regency
Development of Geography Based Teaching Materials of Local Excellence
Authors: Sagaf Safrudin , Tamalene Muhammad Nasir , Ariyuni Vrita Tri , Azhim Muhamad Ihsan , Musyawarah Rahma
Published: October 2019

1. The purpose of this research is to know: 1) Product of teaching material (module) of Basic Pedosphere geography in SMA Negeri 5 Ternate by using education based on local advantage 2). To know the feasibility of product of teaching materials (module) of geography at SMA Negeri 5 Kota Teranate. Data collection using intrument in the form of questionnaire,, questionnaire that used consist of two part that is part I in the form of assessment questionnaire and part II in the form of suggestion sheet and comment from validator. Data were analyzed by using qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of the research shows that (1) The compilation of geography-based teaching materials based on local advantage in the form of module to facilitate teaching and learning activities for teachers and students in SMA and MA Class X especially in SMA Negeri 5 Ternate. (2) used in high school and MA Class X especially in SMA Negeri 5 Ternate City..
Factors That Influence The Change Of Mangrove Forest In South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Arfan Amal
Published: October 2019

North Belopa located in Luwu regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia has a mangrove forest area. This study aims to analyze the factors that causes the reduction of mangrove ecosystem in North Belopa. This mangrove forest has undergone extensive changes. In some areas, there are additional mangrove forests however in other areas, there is a reduction. This change is caused by either the physical or anthropogenic factors. The physical factors consist of climate, rainfall, air temperature, humidity, wind, wave and current. Meanwhile, the anthropogenic factors are the conversion of mangrove forests into ponds and garbage disposal. This anthropogenic factor leads to more reduction and dominant than physical factors. As a result, the area of mangrove forest in North Belopa experienced large transformation.
The Implementation of Community Based Tourism Concept In the Management of Natural Tourism in Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang Maros Regency
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this research were to found out (1) the implementation of the principle of CBT in the Rammang-Rammang Kampoeng Karts Nature Tourism; (2) the suitability between management and the criteria for implementing CBT (3) its development efforts, and (4) its integration into Geography learning. This research applied a qualitative descriptive approach. It was a case study on the management of Rammang-Rammang Kampoeng Karts Nature Tourism.. Data collection techniques through interview, observation and documentation. The results showed that (1) Kampoeng Karts Nature Tourism Rammang-Rammang has implemented the principle of CBT in economic, social, cultural, political and environmental aspects. But it less in the cultural and political aspects, the local society were impressed not welcome the visitor. Cultural exchange did not appear because there were not cultural or artistic performances. POKDARWIS focuses on community assistance; (2) its management had been compatible with the CBT criteria, namely obtaining community support, economic benefits and tourism to protect the culture and environment; (3) the development of infrastructure quantity and service quality. But still lack of the availability of clean water, resting places, cafes and inns; (4) it could be integrated in Geography learning to study geosphere objects as learning media and observation locations.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui (1) penerapan prinsip CBT di Wisata Alam Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang; (2) kesesuaian antara pengelolaannya dengan  kriteria penerapan CBT (3) usaha pengembangannya, dan (4) pengintegrasiannya dalam pembelajaran Geografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dekriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus pada pengelolaan Wisata Alam Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang. Dengan teknik pengambilan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Wisata Alam Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang telah menerapkan prinsip CBT dalam aspek ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik, dan lingkungan. Pada indikator penghargaan terhadap budaya yang berbeda belum maksimal disebabkan masyarakat setempat belum terbuka terhadap pengunjung dan belum adanya  atraksi budaya. Indikator meningkatkan kekuasaan belum terwujud disebabkan POKDARWIS fokus pada pendampingan masyarakat; (2) pengelolaan Wisata Alam Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang sesuai dengan kriteria CBT, yaitu mendapat dukungan masyarakat, bermanfaat ekonomis dan kepariwisataan melindungi budaya dan lingkungan; (3) sudah menunjukkan perkembangan dari segi kuantitas sarana prasarana maupun kualitas pelayanan. Namun ketersediaan air bersih, tempat istirahat, kafe dan penginapan masih minim; (4) Wisata Alam Kampoeng Karts Rammang-Rammang dapat diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran Geografi untuk mengkaji obyek geosfer melalui pemanfaatannya sebagai media pembelajaran dan sebagai lokasi observasi.
análisis de procesos como medio de estrategia en las empresas comerciales
Authors: Zamora Rodríguez Julissa María , Flores Paredes Blanca Isabel , Garofalo Velasco Darli Agnelio
Published: October 2019

En el presente ensayo se determina la importancia de tener estrategias de análisis en los procesos de comercialización o transformación del bien  hacia la distribución del mismo, considerando que el manejo oportuno de los procesos es la base fundamental de las organizaciones, para determinar el rendimiento y competitividad.

Las empresas comerciales hoy en dia no implementan métodos de análisis en sus  procesos por lo cual es esencial entender que mantener analizado  los procesos de una empresa optimiza los recursos e insumos que se requiere para la realización del producto y así determina la competencia de las organizaciones.

Para lo cual se realizo la revisión pertinente de la información atreves del uso de bibliografías como: análisis y simulación de proceso, como implementar y gestionar la calidad y reingeniería de procesos empresariales.

Gracias a la información del  ensayo  se podrá  otorgar  pautas para la realización de otros estudios en las empresas comerciales que a su vez permita reducir  falencias en los procesos y solucionarlas de manera rápida.
Impacto económico del Impuesto Verde en Ecuador
Authors: Campoverde Valencia Gilda Trinidad , Varas Valencia Stalyn Alexander , Cadena Piedrahita Luisana Olinda
Published: October 2019

Los impuestos son creados por los gobernadores para generar entradas de dinero y atender a los requerimientos de la sociedad como educación, salud y obras públicas; específicamente los impuestos verdes están directamente relacionados al medio ambiente con el objetivo de preservar el ecosistema por medio del apoyo y financiamiento de proyectos en beneficio del ambiente para así crear conciencia y promover actividades en beneficio del mismo ya que protegerlo se vuelve una necesidad. Pero hoy en día lo recaudado del impuesto verde no es destinado a lo que fue creado es decir de que no existe una certeza de que los recursos obtenidos por los impuestos ambientales conformado por el impuesto ambiental a la contaminación vehicular y el impuesto a las botellas plásticas no retornables, mediante el método descriptivo se pudo encontrar respuestas a las interrogantes ya que a partir de los datos estadísticos de las recaudaciones del impuesto verde vamos a describir lo que ha pasado durante estos últimos años en cuanto a al impacto económico que estos han producido.
Taxonomy of Crustose Lichens in The Forest of Tahura R. Soeryo, Batu, East Java
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Untari Ludmilla Fitri
Published: October 2019

Lichen is a symbiotic organism consisting of a photobiont (green algae or cyanobacterium) and a mycobiont (fungal). A taxonomic study of the crustose lichens in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryohad been conducted based on morphological, anatomical, and chemical characters. In this research, we used the method of descriptive exploration to identify the crustose lichens and to study the distribution of the species in the forest of TAHURA R. Soeryo. Twenty species of crustose lichens with one unidentified species and one specimen identified to the group of family are reported. They are Graphina, Graphis, Phaeographis, Pertusaria, Pachyphiale, Phlyctis, Lepraria, Lecanora, Lecania, Cyphellium, and Megalospora. This research also found the new record species of Megalospora kalbii in Java. Crustose lichens are found in the areas with high light intensity of ≥ 1000 lux, average humidity of ≤ 90%, average temperature of18-190C, and at altitudes of ±1640 dpl. Graphina ruiziana could only be found at the altitude of ± 1780 dpl. The identification key to its species and distributions of other species are presented also in the article.
Gaziantep İlinde Küçükbaş Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinin Yapısal Özellikleri II. Keçi Yetiştiriciliği
Authors: GÜL Sabri , ÖRNEK Hüner
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Bu anket çalışmasında, Gaziantep ilinde keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan üreticilerin
yetiştirme ve üretim sistemleri araştırılmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmanın materyalini, Gaziantep’te yaşayan ve 5 yıldan uzun
süredir yetiştiricilik yapan 91 keçi yetiştiricisi oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Çalışmada, yetiştiricilerin genellikle (% 75.76) ilkokul mezunu ve 5-7 kişilik
aile fertlerinden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Üreticiler, genellikle hayvanlarını merada
otlattıklarını ve süt üretimi (% 56) amacıyla yetiştiricilik yaptıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Keçiler, çiftçilerin evlerinin altında bulunan ve daha çok briketten (% 80.2) yapılmış
kapalı ağıl tipindeki barınaklarda yetiştirildiği tespit edilmiştir. Gaziantep ilinde teke
katımının Eylül ayında (% 53.8) yapıldığı belirlenmiş, keçilerin 163 gün sağıldığı ve
ortalama süt verimi 288.62 ± 19.78 kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üreticiler elde ettikleri
sütü genellikle peynire işlediklerini ve peynirleri de daha çok tüccara sattıklarını
beyan etmişlerdir. Bölgede görülen hayvan hastalıkları arasında en çok yavru atma (%
37.4) ve mastitis (% 22.0) olduğu üreticiler tarafından dile getirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Gaziantep ilinde mevcut olan damızlık birliği daha etkin hale getirmesi ve
üreticiler arasında tesis edilecek kooperatif veya benzeri bir yapı ile yetiştiriciliğin her
aşamasında yaşanan sorunlar büyük ölçüde çözülmüş olacaktır.
MARKANIN SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞLARINA ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA: KİVİ ÖRNEĞİ / A Research On The Effect On Purchase Behaviors Of Brand: Example Of Kiwifruit
Authors: KOÇAN Mahmut , USTAAHMETOĞLU Erol
Published: October 2019

Araştırmanın
amacı, markalı ya da dökme kivi satın alan tüketicilerin kivi satın alırken
dikkat ettikleri hususlar ve demografik özelliklerin satın alma davranışlarına
etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada Rize ilinin Merkez ilçesinde iki mahallede
bulunan marketlerde satılan markalı veya dökme kivilerden satın alan 15 ile 69
yaş arası tüketici grubu temel alınmış ve küme örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın hem birinci hem de ikinci aşamasında markalı kivi satın alan
tüketicilerin kivi satın alırken en çok dikkat ettikleri husus kivinin tadı
iken; en az dikkat ettikleri husus ise kivinin gramajıdır. Araştırma kapsamında
oluşturulan hipotezlerin analizinde Bağımsız İki Örneklem t-Testi
kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tüketicilerin demografik özelliklerinden cinsiyetin
birinci ve ikinci aşamada, ortalama aylık gelirin ise birinci aşamada satın
alma davranışları üzerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın kivi
yetiştiriciliği/pazarlaması yapılan bölgelerde ya da ülkelerde yapılması
yararlı olabilir.
Pembuatan Biofuel dengan Proses Pirolisis Berbahan Baku Plastik Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) pada Suhu 250 °C dan 300 °C
Authors: Pani R. Soelarso , Sukarjo Heribertus , Purwono Yustinus Sigit
Published: October 2019

The level of fuels’ consumption as an energy source in the world is currently experiencing huge increase. When the use of the oil as fuels is not managed properly, it can be sure that the oil will run out and triggered the world’s energy crisis. Currently, plastik waste become a serious problem that can lead into the environment contamination if not properly managed. One of the solution to overcome the energy crisis and environmental polution is to find and create a renewable energy such as biofuel. The research was conducted in order to know the effect of combustion temperature on pyrolisis process based on the Low Density Polythylene (LPDE) plastic material to produce biofuel. The eraly stages of the research was start with pyrolisis process of the LDPE plastic which comes from the bottle and glass logo waste with the reactor temperature of 250 ºC and 300 ºC. The weight of each material was 2 kg. After getting the crude oil, the researcher examined the crude oil characteristic from pyrolisis process using viscosity test, density test, caloric value test, and flash point test. From the test results, the test results that the gigher the temperature in the pyrolisis reactor, the production of the biofuel oil from pyrolisis were more and have a better quality. The result of the experiment pointed out that the higher the pirolysis reactor temperature , the greater the yield and the better quality. The pyrolisis result was crude oil with each of the weight was 240 ml on the 250 ºC reactor temperature and 260 ml on the 300 ºC reactor temperature. The viscosity test showed the results 3.128 mm²/s on the 250 ºC reactor temperature and 2.698 mm²/s on the 300 ºC reactor temperature. The density on the 250 ºC reactor temperature was 0.9984 and 0.9085 on the 300 ºC reactor temperature. The caloric value test on the 250 ºC reactor temperature showed the results 9084.101 kal/g on the first test and 8765.253 kal/g on the second test. Whereas the caloric value test on the 300 ºC reactor temperature were 9588.312 kal/g on the first test and 9507.779 on the second test. The results of the crude oil flash point test on 250 ºC and 300 ºC showed the same temperature result at 28.5 ºC. From the characteristic test results it can be concluded that the crude oil from the pyrolisis process has approaching the kerosene characteristic and entered into the fuel category.
Pengaruh Perlakuan Panas Quenching dan Tempering terhadap Laju Korosi pada Baja AISI 420
Authors: Anggoro Sotya
Published: October 2019

Corrosion occurs in almost all metals. Even corrosion-resistant metals are corroded, but their corrosion rate is different from ordinary or non-corrosion resistant metals. This study examines the corrosion rate that occurs in stainless steel that is stainless steel. Stainless steel contains high enough chromium levels that can reduce the rate of corrosion that occurs. The metal material to be studied is the AISI 420 steel, which belongs to the Martensitic Stainless Steel class. This study examined the effect of heat treatment on corrosion rate and hardness level of AISI 420 steel. The heat treatment carried out was Quenching at 1020oC with a holding time of 60minutes with an oil cooling medium. After quenching the subsequent heat treatment is tempering with temperature variations of temperature 200oC and 300oC with a resistance time of 45 minutes and air cooling media. The results of this study showed that the base material specimens had the highest corrosion rate of 0.569 mm/y. The lowest corrosion rate is in specimens with quenching process with a value of 0.267 mm/y. The highest Vickers hardness values were found in specimens with quenching process with a value of 551 kg/mm2. The lowest hardness value is in the specimen with tempering process at 300oC with 405 kg/mm2.
Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Bahan Limbah dari Serat Kelapa Muda, Batang Pisang dan Kertas Bekas terhadap Kekuatan Bending Sebagai Papan Komposit
Authors: Apriani Enda
Published: October 2019

The composite is a combination of two or more materials to produce a new material with unique properties compared to the nature of the base material prior to mixing and surface bonding occurs between each constituent material. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of waste material composition from plant fiber, that is young coconut fiber, banana stem, and calendar waste paper to bending strength on composite board by using Epoxy resin wood type. The process of printing the composite board is done in the Laboratory of Integrated Mechanical Engineering University Proklamasi 45 Yogyakarta. The three raw materials that have been crushed and dried, mixed with the breaking time of each 5" and 10" with their respective ingredients composition, namely Young Coconut Fiber: Banana Stem Fiber: Calendar Waste Paper =25:25:50; 25:50:25; 50:25:25 (%). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Observation was done by calculating raw material composition and time of destruction process against bending strength of composite board which resulted very significant effect on water content, fracture, and flexibility of composite board. Bending strength testing is performed using a robust Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The result of this research produced the most optimum material composition of bending strength into composite board, ie composition III with the duration of destruction for 5", that is the average MoE value of 17.069,76 kg/cm² and the average value of MoR is 83,78 kg/cm². From this research is expected to get new engineering technique from agriculture waste become composite board with economic value.
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Bahan Bakar Biomassa terhadap Mampu Nyala dan Kandungan Tar pada Reaktor Gasifikasi Tipe Updraft
Authors: Ridwan Abrar , Istana Budi
Published: October 2019

Pada Gasifikasi tipe Updraft bahan bakar dimasukkan dari bagian atas dan udara masuk pada bagian bawah reaktor.Kekurangan dari gasifikasi tipe Updraft adalah gas yang keluar dari reaktor berada pada kondisi temperatur rendah (<500 0C), serta membawa tar yang terkondensasi serta minyak yang berasal dari proses pirolis. Pada penelitian ini akan membandingkan bahan bakar biomassa Tempurung Kelapa dan Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dari segi mampu nyala dan kandungan tar. Bahan bakar tersebut dibakar didalam reaktor sampai Syngas terproduksi, setelah Syngas berproduksi pada reaktor, penarikan tar dapat dilakukan dan penarikan tar dihentikan apabila Syngas pada reaktor telah padam. Dari hasil penelitian, didapat mampu nyala dari biomassa Tempurung kelapa selama 43 menit 14 detik sedangkan biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit selama 10 menit 26 detik.Berat tar kering hasil proses gasifikasi yang ditimbang menggunakan timbangan digital pada Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 8,99 g, sedangkan pada Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 4,62 g. Banyaknya gas sampel yang disedot pompa vakum pada Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 138,58 liter sedangkan pada Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 133,88 liter. Massa tar pada setiap liter gas sampel Biomassa Tempurung kelapa adalah 0,064 gram/liter sedangkan Biomassa Pelepah kelapa sawit adalah 0,034 gram/liter.
Analisa Aerodinamika Bodi Kendaraan Mataram Proto Diesel dengan ANSYS 15.0
Authors: Badrawada I Gusti Gde , Purwanto Adi , Firlanda Edo Riyan
Published: October 2019

The goal of this research was to find out the aerodynamic body design of Mataram Proto. Using Solidwork 2015 for modeling the body and Ansys 2015 for numerical simulation were the main tools of this research. The body was drawn with scale 1: 1 and then imported into Ansys 2015 for meshing. The unstructured meshes were used in this research. After those, using Ansys 2015, the numerical simulation was conducted with viscous model k - e with realizable type. The result of this research was the average drag coefficient of the original Mataram Proto body was 0,17 and its average lift coefficient was 0.17. For the modification Mataram Proto body, the average drag coefficient was 0.06 and 0.13 for average lift coefficient. These proved that the modification Mataran Proto body was more aerodynamic.
Pengaruh Preheat terhadap Sifat Mekanis Sambungan Metal Inert Gas (MIG) pada Baja Karbon Rendah
Authors: Wartono Wartono , Taufiq Muhammad , Julius Abraham
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to find out the effect of preheat on mechanical properties of the metal inert gas welding (MIG) on low carbon steel. The welding method uses a MIG welding on a low carbon steel strip plate specimen, in the V angle of 60°, using ER70S-6 electrode wire and CO2 for protection, the variable of this research is a preheat temperature of 100 oC, 200 oC, 300 oC and non-preheat. The test results showed that the highest Vickers hardness value is owned by the preheat 200 oC temperature with Vickers hardness value of 206.674 kg/mm2, the tensile test specimens with preheat 200 oC temperature variations have the greatest tensile strength is the average of 54.87 Kgf/mm2, the value of the highest impact energy on preheat 100 oC of  98.399 Joules.
Efeito da tensão crítica de irrigação e cobertura do solo sobre o cultivo de rabanete
Authors: Almeida Alexsandro Claudio dos Santos , Pusch Maiara , Bonifácio Jéssica Souza , Oliveira Fabricio Correia , Geisenholff Luciano , Biscaro Guilherme Augusto
Published: October 2019

Pesquisas sobre o cultivo de hortaliças em plantio direto vem sendo realizadas devido as vantagens apresentadas pelo sistema na produção de grãos. Um dos princípios básicos do conceito de plantio direto envolve a cobertura do solo por uma vegetação morta. Com isso, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes tensões de água no solo (12 e 18 kPa) sobre a produção de rabanete cultivada em solo com cobertura e sem cobertura de palha. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com um fatorial de 2 x 2 (duas tensões de acionamento da irrigação e dois tipos de sistemas de cultivo: solo com cobertura e sem cobertura de palha) com quatro repetições. O manejo da irrigação foi baseado nas leituras provenientes de 16 tensiômetros instalados um em cada parcela. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: diâmetro da maior raiz (DR), produtividade total (PT), produtividade comercial (PC), produtividade da água (PA) e percentual de raízes rachadas (PR). O maior DR (46,73 cm) foi obtido com o sistema com cobertura do solo e tensão de 12 kPa. Provavelmente por ser o primeiro ano de cultivo não houve diferença significativa para os parâmetros de rendimento (PT, PC e PAA). Contudo, a tensão de 18 kPa associada com a cobertura do solo com palha pode ser considerada a condição mais adequada para o cultivo de rabanete, pois além da redução da evaporação direta de água do solo, proporcionou menor quantidade de raízes rachadas (1,98%).
Avaliação nutricional de caruru (Amaranthus spp)
Authors: Silva Luis Felipe Lima e , Souza Douglas Correa de , Xavier João Barcellos , Samartini Carolina Queiroz , Resende Luciane Vilela
Published: October 2019

O caruru (Amaranthus spp.) é considerado uma hortaliça não convencional, que por uma série de fatores deixou de ser consumida pela população, seja pela introdução de outras espécies e variedades de hortaliças ou devido ao aumento do consumo de alimentos industrializados e mudanças dos hábitos alimentares, resultando em informações limitadas da espécie. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a caracterização dos compostos nutricionais de interesse, presentes nas folhas e nos grãos das espécies Amaranthus hybridus L. (caruru vermelho) e Amaranthus viridis L. (caruru de mancha). Em laboratório foi usado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (folhas do A. hybridus, grãos do A. hybridus, folhas do A. viridis e grãos do A. viridis) em triplicata. As amostras foram utilizadas para as seguintes avaliações: composição centesimal, valor calórico e quantificação dos macro e micronutrientes. Foi realizada a análise dos componentes principais com auxílio do programa Chemoface, versão 1.4. Ambas as espécies de Amaranthus spp. apresentaram em suas folhas e grãos níveis significativos de nutrientes de interesse como lipídeos, proteínas, fibras, carboidratos, e os minerais P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e B, em teores mais elevados dos que apresentam as hortaliças convencionais utilizadas de forma similar.
Amostragem da relação hipsométrica de Cerrado sensu stricto utilizando subparcelas
Authors: Santos Mayronne Joaquim Fonseca dos , Andrade Valdir Carlos Lima de
Published: October 2019

A relação hipsométrica (RH) é de fundamental uso em inventários florestais porque reduz o tempo na coleta de dados e também o seu custo. Apesar de ser muito estudada em plantios florestais, a relação hipsométrica ainda carece de estudos em florestas nativas brasileiras, principalmente, em como amostrá-la. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes sistemas de amostragem de dados de RH de mata nativa. Nesse caso, foram utilizados cinco parcelas de 1000 m² (20x50m) cada uma em um fragmento de Cerrado sensu stricto. Para definir o melhor ajuste da RH, foram avaliados quatro modelos hipsométricos com dados obtidos em cinco sistemas de amostragem com área relativa a área total da parcela de 1000 m2 . Nessa avaliação, além da análise de distribuição dos resíduos, foram adotados os critérios estatísticos de erro padrão residual, coeficiente de determinação, desvio médio absoluto, desvio padrão das diferenças, soma dos quadrados dos resíduos relativos, resíduo percentual, raiz quadrada do erro médio, desvio padrão das diferenças absolutas, desvio médio e correlação linear múltipla. Concluiu-se que a relação funcional hipsométrica: Ln(h)=f[Ln(N/d);Ln(dq/d);1/d;ln(G)] foi a melhor opção para se caracterizar a RH na área inventariada de Cerrado sensu stricto, em que os dados para o seu ajuste, devem ser obtidos de uma subparcela que represente 40 % da área total da parcela.
Dignità del dolore
Esercizi di consapevolezza sul Notturno di Gabriele d’Annunzio
Authors: Giallombardo Federica Maria
Published: October 2019

Starting from the affirmations of Marziano Guglielminetti, the study intends to reread the autobiography of the Notturno by Gabriele d'Annunzio. Subsequently, It proposes an analysis on the poetics inside this peculiar literary work, in particular on the dignity of the conception of ‘sorrow’ that the Notturno expresses, comparing with other interpretations of ‘grief’ in Italian literature (Giovanni Pascoli and Guido Gozzano); and also reflecting on the d'Annunzio repertoire in general with respect to the Notturno.
Perbandingan Fitur Smartphone, Pemanfaatan Dan Tingkat Usability Pada Android Dan iOS Platforms
Authors: Arnomo Sasa Ani , Hendra Hendra
Published: October 2019

Android dan iOS nowadays have become the most dominating operating system in smartphone markets. These two operating system continue to grow rapidly in terms of technology as well as the number of devices that exist in the world. However, consumers are still lacking of understanding on how to compare these two operating systems from various of aspects. So, this research is being conducted with the purpose to learn about the comparison of these two operating system in terms of features, utilizations and usability. Method that is being used in this research is descriptive analysis which in comparison of features and utilizations are using documentation and observation as data collection technique. For usability comparison is using questionnaire technique. Result of the research has shown that Android and iOS each have their unique features such as Google Hangouts with i-Message and Smart Caller ID with Facetime. Afterwards, comparison of utilizations has shown that Android is mostly being used for communication as for iOS more for information searching. Meanwhile, for descriptive result of usability has shown that Android and iOS have the same level of ease of use which is good.
Desain Virtual Private Network (VPN) Berbasis Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Authors: Musril Hari Antoni
Published: October 2019

Akses terhadap sebuah jaringan lokal yang bersifat terbatas untuk pihak tertentu dapat dilakukan dari jaringan publik dengan memanfaatkan Virtual Private Network (VPN). Akses tersebut dilakukan melalui internet dengan memanfaatkan VPN. Hal itu membuat pengguna bisa memanfaatkan semua resources jaringan lokal yang dapat diakses tanpa batasan waktu dan lokasi. OSPF routing diperlukan untuk menghubungkan semua router dalam jaringan yang menggunakan VPN. OSPF routing pada jaringan VPN bisa saling mengkoneksikan beberapa gedung di lokasi yang berbeda dengan satu jaringan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototipe skema jaringan yang menghubungkan dua lokasi yang dipisahkan oleh jarak yang jauh, namun dapat terhubung baik secara nyata maupun secara virtual.