bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transverse carpal ligament tear at the trapezial ridge without fracture - the “trapezial ridge line” sign: two case reports
Authors: Golay Saroj K , Mansour Ramy , Riley Nicholas , Berkowitz Yaron
Published: January 2023

A tear of the transverse carpal ligament attachment at the trapezial ridge without associated fracture has not been previously described. We present a detailed description of a 16-year-old Caucasian male patient treated at our institution, and a second supporting case of a 15-year-old Caucasian male patient with a similar mechanism of injury and diagnostic findings.

It is important to be aware of this ligament tear, as it may affect clinical management, is occult on computed tomography, and only detectable on magnetic resonance imaging, stressing the worth of magnetic resonance imaging in the setting of acute wrist trauma.
Decision Making Under Impending Regime Shifts
Authors: Seifert Matthias , Ulu Canan , Guha Sreyaa
Published: January 2023

In environments with impending regime shifts, previous research studies probability judgments of decision makers (DMs) regarding a regime shift and finds evidence for the system neglect hypothesis: In unstable environments with precise signals, DMs exhibit relatively more underreaction in their probability judgments, and in stable environments with noisy signals, they exhibit relatively more overreaction. In the present paper we focus on pricing decisions and study how risk attitudes, as well as probability judgments regarding a regime shift, affect these decisions. We develop a model that integrates prospect theory with the system neglect hypothesis and compare changes in empirical pricing decisions to those of a Bayesian risk-neutral agent. We find a pattern of under- and overreaction in pricing decisions that mimics the system neglect hypothesis in probability judgments only when the DM’s prior probability of a regime shift is low; the system neglect pattern vanishes when the DM’s prior probability of a regime shift is high. We argue that in the case of low priors, changes in risk attitude in reaction to signals indicative of a regime shift amplify system neglect in probability judgments. In the case of high priors, on the other hand, changes in risk attitude dampen the effect of system neglect. We test our model predictions in experimental insurance markets and offer various extensions to check for the robustness of our findings. Finally, we discuss implications for managerial practice in organizational contexts that are characterized by continuous change.

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: This work was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UIDB/00124/2020, UIDP/00124/2020 and Social Sciences DataLab - PINFRA/22209/2016), POR Lisboa and POR Norte (Social Sciences DataLab, PINFRA/22209/2016). Furthermore, it was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación España [10.13039/501100011033, Grants ECO2014-52925-P, PID2019-111512RB-I00-HMDM, and HDL-HS-280218].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4661 .
Revenue Management with Heterogeneous Resources: Unit Resource Capacities, Advance Bookings, and Itineraries over Time Intervals
Authors: Rusmevichientong Paat , Sumida Mika , Topaloglu Huseyin , Bai Yicheng
Published: January 2023

There are a variety of revenue management systems that require making pricing or availability decisions for unique resources. For example, lodging marketplaces, boutique hotels, and bed-and-breakfasts offer unique rooms, apartments, or houses. Matching platforms for freelancers recommend differentiated workers with unique characteristics. When managing unique resources, one has to keep track of the availability of each resource at each time point in the future. Moreover, if the customers substitute between different resources, then the pricing and availability decisions for all resources become interdependent. Thus, it can be challenging to find good policies to make pricing or availability decisions. In “Revenue Management with Heterogeneous Resources: Unit Resource Capacities, Advance Bookings, and Itineraries over Time Intervals,” Rusmevichientong, Sumida, Topaloglu, and Bai consider revenue management problems when unique resources are requested for use over intervals of time under advance reservations. Using the interval structure of resource requests, they give policies with performance guarantees.
Generalization of Patterns Drawing of High-Performance Students Based on Action, Process, Object, and Schema Theory
Authors: Firdaus Andi Mulawakkan , Murtafiah Wasilatul , Lukitasari Marheny , Lestari Nurcholif Diah Sri , Ernawati Tias , Widodo Sri Adi
Published: January 2023

This study is qualitative with descriptive and aims to determine the process of generalizing the pattern image of high performance students based on the action, process, object, and schema (APOS) theory. The participants in this study were high performance eighth-grade Indonesian junior high school. Assignments and examinations to gauge mathematical aptitude and interviews were used to collect data for the study. The stages of qualitative analysis include data reduction, data presentation, and generating conclusions. This study showed that when given a sequence using a pattern drawing, the subjects used a number sequence pattern to calculate the value of the next term. Students in the action stage interiorize and coordinate by collecting prints from each sequence of numbers in the process stage. After that, they do a reversal so that at the object stage, students do encapsulation, then decapsulate by evaluating the patterns observed and validating the number series patterns they find. Students explain the generalization quality of number sequence patterns at the schema stage by connecting activities, processes, and objects from one concept to actions, processes, and things from other ideas. In addition, students carry out thematization at the schematic stage by connecting existing pattern drawing concepts with general sequences. From these results, it is recommended to improve the problem-solving skill in mathematical pattern problems based on problem-solving by high performance students', such as worksheets for students.
Learning Materials and Their Prototypes for Academic Writing Skills: The Needs of Indonesian Lecturers in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Hasanudin Cahyo , Subyantoro Subyantoro , Zulaeha Ida , Pristiwati Rahayu
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate lecturers' needs for academic writing learning materials and determine their prototypes. This study is qualitative research in the form of an exploratory case study. The research instruments were semi-open-ended questionnaires and unstructured and open-ended interview guides. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the developed learning material for academic writing skills contains seven needs for lecturers in the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature. Four of them have not been found by previous researchers. The results from this study provide new knowledge and contribution to the literature about the need to prototype the learning materials. The lecturers or other researchers can use these seven needs in prototyping learning materials for academic writing skills, such as the needs of learning materials, their forms, presentation system, language use, evaluation form, main menu design, and the way of creating learning materials.
Inculcating Ethical and Moral Values amongst the E-Learners: Proposing a Model for E-Learning Platforms
Authors: Muhammad AbdulHafeez , Malik Muhammad Abid , Malik Hafiz Abid Mahmood
Published: January 2023

Under the influence of neo-liberalism and marketization, education is increasingly becoming more content-focused than character one. Ignoring the fact that money, science, and technology may take a person to the moon, these are ethical and moral values that take him/her to the even loftier heights of humanity. Recent COVID-19-driven focus on information and communication technology (ICT) and digital learning have further added to these woes by focusing more on human-machine interaction than human-human ones. Traditional models for inculcating these values through education which heavily rely on the physical presence of teachers do not seem to work in these circumstances. This demands a model for inculcating these values in learning management systems/ e-learning platforms. This study contributes in this regard by first identifying key players and factors, and then proposing a model for it. Using the Delphi model, it gathers opinions from 59 experts in two rounds. Academic institutions, society and online community members, teachers, and e-contents were identified as key factors and players. It suggests a holistic approach-based model through which all of them play their role and collaborate through an e-learning platform. That platform can be used to disseminate information, create awareness, monitor, and report the e-learners. It uses pull and push strategies to help the e-learners to develop those values.
Absenteeism, Self-Confidence and Academic Performance: Empirical Comparison of Turkey and Singapore
Authors: Depren Özer , Bağdatlı-Kalkan Seda , Kılıç-Depren Serpil
Published: January 2023

In today's World, data-driven methods are behind the determination of potential action plans in every area of life. These data-driven methods help individuals or policymakers to figure out the strengths and weaknesses on the subject that are worked on and to make a comparison to the best practices. Thus, actions can be taken immediately on the specific factors that have a huge impact on the topic investigated. In the educational area, countries are using the same approach to measure, monitor, and improve the quality of education by attending international studies. In this study, for both Turkish and Singaporean students, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is performed to predict the students' mathematics achievement and to identify factors that have a high impact on achievement using Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2019 with the data of 3,586 Turkish and 4,750 Singaporean students. The reason behind comparing the results of Turkey to Singapore is that Singapore is the best-performing country in terms of mathematics achievement in the TIMSS in 2019. The model results show that the top two crucial factors in both countries are the frequency of absenteeism from school, and students’ confidence in mathematics with the accuracy of 75%. In addition, relevant policy implications are given based on the importance level of significant factors.
Plants with insecticidal potential used by ethnic groups in North-Central Nigeria for the management of hematophagous insects
Authors: Adelaja Olukayode , Oduola Adedayo , Abiodun Oyindamola , Adeneye Adeniyi , Obembe Abiodun
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Adelaja OJ, Oduola AO, Abiodun OO, Adeneye AK, Obembe A. 2021. Plants with insecticidal potential used by ethnic groups in North-Central Nigeria for the management of hematophagous insects. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 65-75. Studies on the traditional knowledge of insecticidal plants are vital in the discovery of bioactive components for the management of hematophagous insects. This study investigated the ethnobotany and traditional knowledge of insecticidal plants among nine ethnic groups in North-Central Nigeria. Information on identifying insecticidal plants and their traditional knowledge among community leaders, elders, herb sellers, and herbalists was collected between January and December 2017, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The mentioned plants were collected and identified. A total of 388 respondents were interviewed from nine ethnic groups. All the respondents had knowledge of medicinal and insecticidal plants in their communities. The respondents mentioned 17 insecticidal plants. The most frequently mentioned plants were Hyptis suaveolens (19.6%, 76/388), Ocimum gratissimum (18.7%, 73/388), and Citrus sinensis (10.8%, 42/388). Hanging of plants in homes was reported among 52.9% of the respondents and smoldering for personal protection among 47.1%. The respondents also acknowledged that these plants were available (88.4%), accessible (77%), and very effective (76.3%) in controlling hematophagous insects. There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between the perceived efficacy of these plants and the gender, age, educational status, and ethnicity of respondents. This study documented the knowledge and evidence of insecticidal plants among ethnic groups in North-Central Nigeria.
Review: Local wisdom of the Tengger Tribe, East Java, Indonesia in environmental conservation
Authors: PUTRI FEBRIANA KINANTHI , NOVEN HELENA JOAN , NURCAHYATI MARHCELINA , N. IRFAN A. , SEPTIASARI ANISA , BATORO JATI , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Putri FK, Noven HJ, Nurcahyati M, Irfan AN, Septiasari A, Batoro J, Setyawan AD. 2022. Review: Local wisdom of the Tengger Tribe, East Java, Indonesia in environmental conservation. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 20-34. Indonesia is a multicultural country that is rich in ethnic diversity, including their local wisdom. Tengger Tribe is known for their environmental conservation local wisdom. This review aims to determine the environmental conservation and the influence of the Tengger Tribe's beliefs on environmental conservation. The results show that the Tengger Tribe is a tribe in Mount Bromo with the main livelihood as traditional farmers and the majority of the people are Hinduism. The Tengger Tribe has several traditions or ceremonies that are still held, including kasada, karo, entas-entas, unan-unan, ojung, galungan, mulenan, pujan mubeng, leliwet, and others. There are three values ??of local wisdom of the Tenggerese, namely, the value of compliance (setuhu), mutual cooperation (sayan), and honesty (prasaja). In addition, the Tenggerese are known as Wong Tengger with values ??called welas asih pepitu (seven love). Tengger Tribe has been living side by side for generations and utilizing natural resources. The Tengger Tribe also has efforts in environmental conservation which are closely related to their beliefs. The conservation is carried out through traditions that are still preserved by the Tengger Tribe. Tengger Tribe community's beliefs in the teachings of karmaphala are important and have a good effect on environmental conservation.
Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: MUKAILA YUSUF OLA , OLADIPO OLANIRAN TEMITOPE , AROGUNDADE OLUWABUNMI OKERINMOLA , AJAO ABDULWAKEEL AYOKUN-NUN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mukaila YO, Oladipo OT, Arogundade OO, Ajao AA-N. 2022. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 71-83. The invaluable importance of traditional herbal medicine has necessitated systematic documentation of medicinal knowledge. This study documented medicinal plants used by the inhabitants of Ile-Ife. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 70 informants. The interview focused on the local names of the plants, medicinal uses, plant parts used, where the plants are sourced, and methods of preparation. The data collected were analyzed and compared with previous studies using quantitative indices. The conservation statuses of the recorded plants were retrieved from IUCN online database. Eighty-seven (87) medicinal plants from 43 families were implicated to be used in Ile-Ife from our survey. Euphorbiaceae was the most implicated family with eight species; herbs (36%) were the dominant plant habit, and the leaf (46%) was the most frequently used plant part. The informants preferred decoction (37%) as the method of preparation. Over 50% of the plants were collected from the wild. The conservation status of the 26 implicated plants in this study has been accessed, 17 plants fall under the least concern (LC) category, while five species are vulnerable (VU). The study highlights the need to intensify studies on the conservation of medicinal plants and also provides baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies while preserving the cultural medicinal practices of Ile-Ife.
Mangrove conservation efforts with the ecotourism development in the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: KURNIAWATI BELLA , SULISTYANINGRUM NUNIK , NUGROHO GILANG DWI , SUNARTO SUNARTO , KUSUMANINGRUM LIA , RAHAWARIN YOHANES Y. , FLORES ANDRIE BON , YAP CHEE KONG , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kurniawati B, Sulistyaningrum N, Nugroho GD, Sunarto, Kusumaningrum L, Rahawarin YY, Flores AB, Yap CK, Setyawan AD. 2022. Mangrove conservation efforts with the ecotourism development in the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 75-81. For mangrove conservation efforts, it is necessary to develop ecotourism so that people can also take advantage of the existence of mangrove forests. Analysis of the role mangrove ecosystem is carried out to develop a mangrove conservation strategy and the concept of sustainable development. This research examined conservation and ecotourism efforts by the community around the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism and social perceptions of ecotourism based on mangrove development. The research was conducted in June 2022 at Mangrove Cengkrong Ecotourism, Karanggandu Village, Watulimo Sub-district, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia, by conducting interviews with 50 respondents. Data was collected through field observations and interviews with ecotourism administrators and residents around the location. The results of this study indicate that the conservation efforts carried out are protecting, conserving, and utilizing mangroves by seeding, planting, managing, and monitoring mangroves. The POKMASWAS or the Community Monitoring Group manages the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism area. However, the utilization of mangrove forest resources that have economic value by the community around the Cengkrong Mangrove Ecotourism area is still low because it is only limited to the cultivation of crabs, shells, making mangrove syrup, cakes and chips. In addition, the place is quite crowded with tourists. Indeed, area development still lacks preservation, utilization, and conservation for the management, surrounding communities, and tourists. Limited facilities and infrastructure are a challenge for the sustainable development of mangrove ecotourism. In addition, increasing community involvement and collaboration with institutions and the government in mangrove management must also be improved so that all the surrounding communities can also benefit. With the increasing economic benefits of mangrove ecotourism management, the community around the mangrove forest will participate in maintaining and preserving the mangrove forest ecosystem.
External pumped all-optical microfiber modulator based on reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Zamani Elaheh , Malekmohammad Mohammad , Taherian Afrouz
Published: January 2023

In this research, first, the Z-scan technique is used to measure the
nonlinear optical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to
indicate the high nonlinear
coefficients. Second, a novel,
to the best of our knowledge, vertically pumped, all-optical modulator
is produced based on a rGO-coated multimode optical microfiber. The
effect of the microfiber curvature, microfiber diameter, and substrate
materials is investigated and optimized. Also, a simulation based on
the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is performed. The
modulation depth increased to 4.2 dB by the external low-power
ultraviolet pump laser (300 mW) for modulators based on the
multimode microfibers. The presented process is a simple,
cost-effective route to fabricate, and it is easy to use the
device.
C-band operating plasmonic sensor with a high Q-factor/figure of merit based on a silicon nano-ring
Authors: Cicek Kenan , Boybay Muhammed S. , Topkaya Ramazan , Agarwal Anuradha M.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we take advantage of the high refractive index property of silicon to design a practical and sensitive plasmonic sensor on a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platform. It has been demonstrated that a label-free refractive index sensor with sensitivity up to 1124 nm/RIU can be obtained using a simple design of a silicon nano-ring with a concentric hexagonal plasmonic cavity. It has also been shown that, with optimum structural parameters, a quality factor (Q-factor) of 307 and a figure of merit (FOM) of

234

R
I
U

−
1

can be achieved, which are approximately 8 times and 5 times higher than the proposed sensors counterparts, respectively. In addition, the resonance mode of the hexagonal cavity with Si nano-ring (HCS) sensor can be adjusted to operate in the C-band, which is a highly desirable wavelength range in terms of compatibility with devices in PIC technology.
1  ×  5 broadband photonic crystal power splitter designed by the Powell algorithm
Authors: Shi Pengcheng , Ke Hang , Li Peili , Ma Fuxiao , Shi Weihua
Published: January 2023

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge,

1

×

5

broadband power splitter based on the photonic crystal. The Powell algorithm is used to reverse-design the proposed broadband power splitter. The results show that the transmittance of each output port of the broadband photonic crystal power splitter can be adjusted by changing the radii and offsets of the dielectric rods at the junction area of each waveguide. According to the target splitting ratio, the reverse design of the structural parameters using the Powell algorithm significantly improves the optimization efficiency and splitting performance of the broadband power splitter. The designed power splitters have a wide working bandwidth of 1525–1565 nm, a flexible and designable power splitting ratio, excellent splitting performance, and a compact size, which have great application prospects in all-optical communication networks, high-density photon integration, and other fields.
Adaptive point cloud acquisition and upsampling for automotive lidar
Authors: Jovanov Ljubomir , Lee Wei-Yu , Philips Wilfried
Published: January 2023

One of the crucial factors in achieving a higher level of autonomy of self-driving vehicles is a sensor capable of acquiring accurate and robust information about the environment and other participants in traffic. In the past few decades, various types of sensors have been used for this purpose, such as cameras registering visible, near-infrared, and thermal parts of the spectrum, as well as radars, ultrasonic sensors, and lidar. Due to their high range, accuracy, and robustness, lidars are gaining popularity in numerous applications. However, in many cases, their spatial resolution does not meet the requirements of the application. To solve this problem, we propose a strategy for better utilization of the available points. In particular, we propose an adaptive paradigm that scans the objects of interest with increased resolution, while the background is scanned using a lower point density. Initial region proposals are generated using an object detector that relies on an auxiliary camera. Such a strategy improves the quality of the representation of the object, while retaining the total number of projected points. The proposed method shows improvements compared to regular sampling in terms of the quality of upsampled point clouds.
DIC measurement method for large rotation based on improved grid-based motion statistics
Authors: Sun Long , Tang Chen , Lei Zhenkun
Published: January 2023

As a noncontact optical measurement method, the digital image correlation (DIC) method
can provide full-field displacement and strain measurement during
object deformation. In the case of small rotation deformation, the
traditional DIC method can obtain accurate deformation measurement
results. However, when the object rotates at a large angle, the
traditional DIC method cannot obtain the extreme value of the
correlation function, resulting in the occurrence of decorrelation. In
order to address the issue, a full-field deformation measurement DIC
method based on improved grid-based motion statistics is proposed for
large rotation angles. First, the speeded up robust features algorithm
is applied to extract and match the feature point pairs between the
reference image and the deformed image. Furthermore, an improved
grid-based motion statistics algorithm is proposed to eliminate the
wrong matching point pairs. Then, the deformation parameters of the
feature point pairs obtained by the affine transformation are taken as
the initial deformation value for DIC calculation. Finally, the
intelligent gray-wolf optimization algorithm is used to obtain the
accurate displacement field. The effectiveness of the proposed method
is proved by simulation and practical experiments, and the comparative
experiments show that the proposed method is faster and more
robust.
Nanosecond compressive fluorescence lifetime microscopy imaging via the RATS method with a direct reconstruction of lifetime maps
Authors: Junek Jiří , Žídek Karel
Published: January 2023

The RAndom Temporal Signals (RATS) method has proven to be a useful and versatile method for measuring photoluminescence (PL) dynamics and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Here, we present two fundamental development steps in the method. First, we demonstrate that by using random digital laser modulation in RATS, it is possible to implement the measurement of PL dynamics with temporal resolution in units of nanoseconds. Secondly, we propose an alternative approach to evaluating FLIM measurements based on a single-pixel camera experiment. In contrast to the standard evaluation, which requires a lengthy iterative reconstruction of PL maps for each timepoint, here we use a limited set of predetermined PL lifetimes and calculate the amplitude maps corresponding to each lifetime. The alternative approach significantly saves post-processing time and, in addition, in a system with noise present, it shows better stability in terms of the accuracy of the FLIM spectrogram. Besides simulations that confirmed the functionality of the extension, we implemented the new advancements into a microscope optical setup for mapping PL dynamics on the micrometer scale. The presented principles were also verified experimentally by mapping a LuAG:Ce crystal surface.
Bloch surface wave-atom coupling in one-dimensional photonic crystal structure
Authors: Asadolah Salmanpour M. , Mosleh M. , Hamidi S. M.
Published: January 2023

Considering efforts for hot atomic vapor-nanophotonics integration as a new paradigm in quantum optics, in this paper, we introduce 1D photonic crystal-Rb vapor cell as structure with miniaturized interaction volume. The Bloch surface wave (BSW) excited on surface of a photonic crystal as electromagnetic hosting photonic mode, and altered the optical response of Rb atoms in the vicinity of surface. Coupling of atomic states with BSW confined modes would lead to quantum interference effects and results in nonlinearities in resonant coupling of atoms with BSW. We show Bloch surface wave induced transparency is highly stable under a change of incidence angle. Our results show slight changes in transitions detuning’s due to nonlinear interactions like the Casimire-Polder effect under change of localized density of optical states.
Tunable dual quasi-bound states in continuum and electromagnetically induced transparency enabled by the broken material symmetry in all-dielectric compound gratings
Authors: Liu Jiaqing , Chen ChangDong , Li Xiao , Li Jingwen , Dong Daxing , Liu Youwen , Fu Yangyang
Published: January 2023

Dual quasi-bound states in continuum (quasi-BICs) enabled by the broken geometric symmetry offer an effective way to design high-quality photonic devices, yet challenged by tunable functionalities. Here we employ the material asymmetry originating from the tunable material property of phase-change materials to design quasi-BICs in all-dielectric compound gratings. We find the even and odd quasi-BICs are modulated by the geometric and material asymmetries, respectively, and this effect is ensured by two different types of structural symmetries in the compound structure. Particularly, tunable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be achieved by modulating the material asymmetry. Furthermore, we systematically design the compound gratings consisting of the phase-change material of Sb2Se3 to demonstrate tunable dual quasi-BICs and EITs. Analytical calculations and numerical simulations are performed to verify these findings. Our work provides a promising way to enhance the flexibility of realizing quasi-BICs, which may boost tunable applications in nanodevices assisted by quasi-BICs.
Nonreciprocal sideband responses in a spinning microwave magnomechanical system
Authors: Wang Xin , Huang Kai-Wei , Xiong Hao
Published: January 2023

Nonreciprocal sideband responses in a spinning microwave magnomechanical system consists of a spinning resonator coupled with a yttrium iron garnet sphere are proposed. We show that the efficiency of sideband generation can be enhanced in one driving direction but restrained in the opposite. This nonreciprocity results from Sagnac effect induced by the spinning resonator, leading to asymmetric magnonic responses in two different driving directions. Beyond the conventional linearized description, the properties of nonreciprocal two-color second-order sideband are demonstrated. By adjusting Sagnac-Fizeau shift and the power of control field, the degree of asymmetric magnonic responses can be strengthened, therefore causing stronger nonreciprocity of sideband. Especially, for the case of strong Sagnac-Fizeau shift and the control field, high level of efficiency and isolation ratio of sideband are achieved simultaneously and the operational bandwidth of strong nonreciprocity can be expanded. Our proposal provides an effective avenue for the manipulation of the nonreciprocity of sideband and has potentially practical applications in on-chip microwave isolation devices and magnon-based precision measurement.
Reconfigurable microwave photonic mixer for hybrid macro-micro cellular systems
Authors: Gao Yongsheng , Shi Fangjing , Zhang Jing , Cao Biao , Ma Boyuan , Zhai Weile , Fan Yangyu
Published: January 2023

Microwave photonic mixing can realize the frequency conversion of microwave signals in the optical domain, breaking through the bandwidth bottleneck and electromagnetic interference problems of traditional microwave mixing methods. In the background of the hybrid macro-micro cellular system, a wideband, large dynamic range and reconfigurable microwave photonic mixer is proposed, theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. By adjusting the modulator bias voltages and matching the proper digital domain operations, a microwave photonic mixer with reconfigurable functions including single-ended dispersion immune mixing, I/Q frequency down-conversion, image rejection mixing, and double-balanced mixing are realized, respectively. Meanwhile, optimizing the electrical attenuator using convex optimization can suppress the third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), maximize the conversion gain, and finally improve the spur-free dynamic range (SFDR). Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can be operated with a frequency from 5 to 20 GHz, and the SFDR can achieve 118.3 dB·Hz4/5. Over the whole frequency range, I/Q frequency down-conversion can be well conducted with an amplitude imbalance below 0.7 dB and a phase imbalance below ±0.7°. After an I/Q imbalance compensation algorithm, the image rejection ratio of over 60 dB is produced. The power fading caused by fiber dispersion is also compensated successfully. For a vector signal with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation, the best error vector magnitude (EVM) reaches 3.4%.
Feasibility, usability and acceptability of a novel digital hybrid-system for reporting of routine maternal health information in Southern Tanzania: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Unkels Regine , Manzi Fatuma , Kapologwe Ntuli A. , Baker Ulrika , Ahmad Aziz , Nabiev Rustam , Berndtsson Maria , Baraka Jitihada , Hanson Claudia , Hirose Atsumi
Published: January 2023

Health information systems are important for health planning and progress monitoring. Still, data from health facilities are often of limited quality in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries. Quality deficits are partially rooted in the fact that paper-based documentation is still the norm at facility level, leading to mistakes in summarizing and manual copying. Digitization of data at facility level would allow automatization of these procedural steps. Here we aimed to evaluate the feasibility, usability and acceptability of a scanning innovation called Smart Paper Technology for digital data processing. We used a mixed-methods design to understand users’ engagement with Smart Paper Technology and identify potential positive and negative effects of this innovation in three health facilities in Southern Tanzania. Eight focus group discussions and 11 in-depth interviews with users were conducted. We quantified time used by health care providers for documentation and patient care using time-motion methods. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear models were generated to compare the difference before and after introduction and adjust for confounders. Health care providers and health care managers appreciated the forms’ simple design features and perceived Smart Paper Technology as time-saving and easy to use. The time-motion study with 273.3 and 224.0 hours of observations before and after introduction of Smart Paper Technology, respectively, confirmed that working time spent on documentation did not increase (27.0% at baseline and 26.4% post-introduction; adjusted p = 0.763). Time spent on patient care was not negatively impacted (26.9% at baseline and 37.1% at post-intervention; adjusted p = 0.001). Health care providers described positive effects on their accountability for data and service provision relating to the fact that individually signed forms were filled. Health care providers perceived Smart Paper Technology as feasible, easy to integrate and acceptable in their setting, particularly as it did not add time to documentation.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory response to combat neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): A review
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjana
Published: January 2023

The availability and accessibility of safe and effective drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics are essential to reducing the immense global burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). National regulatory authorities, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), play an essential role in this effort to ensure access to safe and effective medical products by working within a set of legal frameworks and regulatory functions. However, medical product development for NTDs remains neglected, as combating NTDs is not a viable commercial market for pharmaceutical companies. To spur research and development (R&D) of NTD products, the US government has authorized various programs and policies to engage pharmaceutical companies, many of which provide FDA with the legal authority to implement NTD programs and pathways. Thus, this review provides a clear overview of the various regulatory pathways and programs employed by the FDA to increase the availability of NTD drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics. The review assesses the available information on various regulatory considerations and their impact on NTD product development as a first step in estimating the importance of such programs. Next, findings related to currently approved NTD products through these programs are discussed. Lastly, gaps in NTD R&D are identified and suggestions on how to address these are presented. The available data shows that while such incentive programs are factored into companies’ decisions to pursue NTD R&D, approved products for NTDs remains vastly insufficient. Most approved products that utilize these NTD regulatory pathways and programs are overwhelmingly for tuberculosis and malaria—both of which are not considered NTDs by the World Health Organization (WHO). Dedicated efforts are needed to facilitate and accelerate NTD product including employing multiple incentive programs, regular assessment of such programs, and leveraging on public–private partnerships.
Distribution and inflammatory cell response to intracranial delivery of radioluminescent Y2(SiO4)O:Ce particles
Authors: Fischer Máté , Zimmerman Amber , Zhang Eric , Kolis Joseph , Dickey Ashley , Burdette Mary K. , Chander Praveen , Foulger Stephen H. , Brigman Jonathan L. , Weick Jason P.
Published: January 2023

Due to increasing advances in their manufacture and functionalization, nanoparticle-based systems have become a popular tool for in vivo drug delivery and biodetection. Recently, scintillating nanoparticles such as yttrium orthosilicate doped with cerium (Y2(SiO4)O:Ce) have come under study for their potential utility in optogenetic applications, as they emit photons upon low levels of stimulation from remote x-ray sources. The utility of such nanoparticles in vivo is hampered by rapid clearance from circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system, which heavily restricts nanoparticle accumulation at target tissues. Local transcranial injection of nanoparticles may deliver scintillating nanoparticles to highly specific brain regions by circumventing the blood-brain barrier and avoiding phagocytic clearance. Few studies to date have examined the distribution and response to nanoparticles following localized delivery to cerebral cortex, a crucial step in understanding the therapeutic potential of nanoparticle-based biodetection in the brain. Following the synthesis and surface modification of these nanoparticles, two doses (1 and 3 mg/ml) were introduced into mouse secondary motor cortex (M2). This region was chosen as the site for RLP delivery, as it represents a common target for optogenetic manipulations of mouse behavior, and RLPs could eventually serve as an injectable x-ray inducible light delivery system. The spread of particles through the target tissue was assessed 24 hours, 72 hours, and 9 days post-injection. Y2(SiO4)O:Ce nanoparticles were found to be detectable in the brain for up to 9 days, initially diffusing through the tissue until 72 hours before achieving partial clearance by the final endpoint. Small transient increases in the presence of IBA-1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytic cell populations were detected near nanoparticle injection sites of both doses tested 24 hours after surgery. Taken together, these data provide evidence that Y2(SiO4)O:Ce nanoparticles coated with BSA can be injected directly into mouse cortex in vivo, where they persist for days and are broadly tolerated, such that they may be potentially utilized for remote x-ray activated stimulation and photon emission for optogenetic experiments in the near future.
Intelligibility improves perception of timing changes in speech
Authors: Zoefel Benedikt , Gilbert Rebecca A. , Davis Matthew H.
Published: January 2023

Auditory rhythms are ubiquitous in music, speech, and other everyday sounds. Yet, it is unclear how perceived rhythms arise from the repeating structure of sounds. For speech, it is unclear whether rhythm is solely derived from acoustic properties (e.g., rapid amplitude changes), or if it is also influenced by the linguistic units (syllables, words, etc.) that listeners extract from intelligible speech. Here, we present three experiments in which participants were asked to detect an irregularity in rhythmically spoken speech sequences. In each experiment, we reduce the number of possible stimulus properties that differ between intelligible and unintelligible speech sounds and show that these acoustically-matched intelligibility conditions nonetheless lead to differences in rhythm perception. In Experiment 1, we replicate a previous study showing that rhythm perception is improved for intelligible (16-channel vocoded) as compared to unintelligible (1-channel vocoded) speech–despite near-identical broadband amplitude modulations. In Experiment 2, we use spectrally-rotated 16-channel speech to show the effect of intelligibility cannot be explained by differences in spectral complexity. In Experiment 3, we compare rhythm perception for sine-wave speech signals when they are heard as non-speech (for naïve listeners), and subsequent to training, when identical sounds are perceived as speech. In all cases, detection of rhythmic regularity is enhanced when participants perceive the stimulus as speech compared to when they do not. Together, these findings demonstrate that intelligibility enhances the perception of timing changes in speech, which is hence linked to processes that extract abstract linguistic units from sound.
Short-term effects of side-alternating Whole-Body Vibration on cognitive function of young adults
Authors: Arenales Arauz Y. Laurisa , van der Zee Eddy A. , Kamsma Ype P. T. , van Heuvelen Marieke J. G.
Published: January 2023

Recent research in rodents and humans revealed that Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) is beneficial for cognitive functions. However, the optimal WBV conditions are not established: contrary to vertical WBV, side-alternating WBV was not investigated before. The present study investigated the short-term effects of side-alternating WBV in standing and sitting posture on specific cognitive function of young adults. We used a balanced cross-over design. Sixty healthy young adults (mean age 21.7 ± 2.0 years, 72% female) participated. They were exposed to three bouts of two-minute side-alternating WBV (frequency 27 Hz) and three control conditions in two different sessions. In one session a sitting posture was used and in the other session a standing (semi-squat) posture. After each condition selective attention and inhibition was measured with the incongruent condition of the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test. WBV significantly (p = 0.026) improved selective attention and inhibition in the sitting posture, but not in the standing posture. The sitting posture was perceived as more comfortable, joyous and less exhaustive as compared to the standing posture. This study demonstrated that side-alternating WBV in sitting posture improves selective attention and inhibition in healthy young adults. This indicates that posture moderates the cognitive effect of WBV, although the effects are still small. Future studies should focus on the working mechanisms and further optimization of settings, especially in individuals who are unable to perform active exercise.
Suggestive evidence of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms with HAPE susceptibility in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Si Lining , Wang Haiyuan , Wang Rong , Tsering Lhachen , Long Qifu , Jiang Yahui , Yi Yun , Zhao Yanli
Published: January 2023

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a common respiratory disease in the high altitude area, which is rapid and harmful. We firstly conducted a case-control study to assess the potential association of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms with HAPE susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. The study recruited 238 patients with HAPE and 230 healthy controls in Northwest China. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and gene polymorphisms were detected using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P-value were used to evaluate the relationship between HAPE risk and CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms. Multi-factor dimension reduction (MDR) was used to assess the optimal interaction of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on HAPE risk. We found rs3093193 was shown to reduce the risk of HAPE (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.93, P = 0.014), while rs12459936 was increased the susceptibility to HAPE (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.33–3.26, P = 0.001). Age stratified analysis revealed that rs3093193 and rs12459936 were correlated with HAPE risk in people at age > 32 years old, and rs3093193 and rs3093110 were correlated with the HAPE risk in people at age ≤ 32 years old. Gender stratification analysis was found that rs3093193, rs12459936, and rs3093110 were all related to HAPE risk in males. A combination of rs12459936 and rs3093110 was the best multi-loci model with the highest testing accuracy. Our study is the first to provide the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms and HAPE risk in the Chinese Han population.
PlrA (MSMEG_5223) is an essential polar growth regulator in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Quintanilla Samantha Y. , Arejan Neda Habibi , Patel Parthvi B. , Boutte Cara C.
Published: January 2023

Mycobacteria expand their cell walls at the cell poles in a manner that is not well described at the molecular level. In this study, we identify a new polar factor, PlrA, that is involved in restricting peptidoglycan metabolism to the cell poles in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We establish that only the N-terminal membrane domain of PlrA is essential. We show that depletion of plrA pheno-copies depletion of polar growth factor Wag31, and that PlrA is involved in regulating the Wag31 polar foci.
Individual factors predict substance use treatment course patterns among patients in community-based substance use disorder treatment
Authors: Argyriou Evangelia , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Wu Wei , Rattermann Mary Jo , Cyders Melissa A.
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives

Substance use disorders (SUDs) usually involve a complex natural trajectory of recovery alternating with symptom reoccurrence. This study examined treatment course patterns over time in a community SUD clinic. We examined depressive symptoms level, primary SUD assigned at each admission, and lifetime misuse of multiple substances as potential risk factors for premature treatment termination and subsequent treatment readmission.

Methods

De-identified longitudinal data were extracted from charts of 542 patients from an SUD treatment center. Survival analysis methods were applied to predict two time-to-event outcomes: premature treatment termination and treatment readmission.

Results

Primary opioid (vs alcohol) use disorder diagnosis at admission was associated with higher hazard of premature termination (HR = 1.91, p<0.001). The interaction between depressive symptoms level and substance use status (multiple vs single use) on treatment readmission was significant (p = 0.024), such that higher depressive symptoms level was predictive of readmission only among those with a history of single substance use (marginally significant effect). Lifetime use of multiple (vs single) substances (HR = 1.55, p = 0.002) and age (HR = 1.01, p = 0.019) predicted increased hazard of readmission.

Conclusions

Findings did not support a universal role for depressive symptoms level in treatment course patterns. Primary SUD diagnosis, age, and history of substance misuse can be easily assessed and incorporated into treatment planning to support SUD patients and families. This study is the first to our knowledge that afforded a stringent test of these relationships and their interactions in a time-dependent, recurrent event, competing risks survival analysis examining both termination and readmission patterns utilizing a real-world clinic-based sample.