bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Analysis of Staphylococcus capitis TE8 Reveals Repertoire of Antimicrobial Peptides and Adaptation Strategies for Growth on Human Skin
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Jangir Pramod Kumar , Das Jhumki , Taneja Bhupesh , Sharma Rakesh
Published: August 2017

Staphylococcus capitis TE8 was isolated from skin surface of a healthy human foot, and exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Whole genome sequence of S. capitis TE8 was obtained by shotgun and paired-end pyrosequencing with a coverage of 109-fold. The draft genome contains 2,516,639 bp in 8 scaffolds with 209 total contigs. The genome contains 2319 protein coding sequences, 58 tRNA and 3 rRNA. Genome sequence analysis revealed 4 distinct gene loci with the ability to encode antimicrobial peptides: (i) an epidermicin gene cluster; (ii) a gallidermin gene cluster; (iii) a gene cluster encoding six phenol soluble modulin (PSM) β-type peptides (PSMβ1-β6) and (iv) an additional gene that belonged to PSMβ family and encoded a 44 residues long peptide, HTP2388. Synthetic peptides with sequence identical to seven PSMβ-like peptides i.e. PSMβ1-β6 and peptide HTP2388 showed antibacterial activity. Genome sequence also revealed genes for adhesins, intracellular adhesins, osmoadaptation, oxidative and acid stress tolerance possibly responsible for initial attachment, colonization and survival of S. capitis TE8 on human skin. Comparative genome analysis revealed presence of a gamut of genes in S. capitis strains in comparison to Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus caprae indicating towards their possible role in better adaptation and survival on human skin.
Impact of second-line cetuximab-containing therapy in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the ITACa randomized clinical trial
Authors: Passardi Alessandro , Scarpi Emanuela , Gelsomino Fabio , Palladino Maria Angela , Casadei Gardini Andrea , Turci Daniele , Chiuri Vincenzo Emanuele , Mucciarini Claudia , Tassinari Davide , Ragazzini Angela , Frassineti Giovanni Luca , Valgiusti Martina , Ulivi Paola , Amadori Dino
Published: August 2017

The ITACa trial was designed to define the role of cetuximab (Cet) and bevacizumab (Bev) in combination with standard chemotherapy (CT, FOLFIRI or FOLFOX4) as first- and second-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. All patients with WT KRAS tumors who had been enrolled in the first-line trial were randomized onto two independent second-line trials: CT or CT + Cet (study 2A) and CT + Bev or CT + Bev + Cet (study 2B). Patients with mutated KRAS were not eligible for randomization and were treated with CT alone (study 2A) or CT + Bev (study 2B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). 48 and 56 KRAS WT patients were randomized while 31 and 40 KRAS mutated patients were treated without randomization. Study 2A: median PFS was 3.4 (95%CI 2.3–4.6) and 6.2 (95%CI 4.3–7.8) months for the CT and CT + Cet arms, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64 (95%CI 0.35–1.16, p = 0.144). Study 2B: median PFS was 7.7 (95%CI 4.1–10.1) and 4.9 (95%CI 3.2–7.0) months for CT + Bev and CT + Cet + Bev arms, respectively, with a HR = 1.31 (95%CI 0.76–2.26, p = 0.330). Notwithstanding limitations due to the small sample size, among patients with WT KRAS the addition of Cet to second-line CT increased PFS, whereas the addition of Cet to CT + Bev was associated with worse PFS.
Converting highly productive arable cropland in Europe to grassland: –a poor candidate for carbon sequestration
Authors: Gosling Paul , van der Gast Christopher , Bending Gary D.
Published: August 2017

Sequestration of atmospheric CO2 as organic carbon by agricultural soils (SOC) is promoted as a climate change mitigation option. IPCC provides guidelines for determining carbon stocks and sequestration potential, incentivising policy changes towards management of farmland for carbon sequestration. However, the basis of the assumption that agricultural soils can sequester significant atmospheric CO2 has been questioned. We sought to determine the potential for conversion of arable cropland to grassland to sequester carbon in the short to medium term and potential limiting factors. There were no differences in SOC stocks in the top 30 cm between grassland up to 17 years old and arable cropland at 14 sites across the UK. However, SOC showed different distribution patterns, being concentrated in the top 10 cm under grassland. Soil microbial communities were significantly different between arable and grassland, with higher biomass and lesser dominance by bacteria in grassland soils. A land use conversion experiment showed these changes occurred within one year of land use change. Failure of grassland soils to accumulate SOC was attributed to reduced available soil nitrogen, resulting in low productivity. The implications of these results for carbon sequestration in soils as a climate change mitigation strategy are discussed.
Visualizing Phonotactic Behavior of Female Frogs in Darkness
Authors: Aihara Ikkyu , Bishop Phillip J. , Ohmer Michel E. B. , Awano Hiromitsu , Mizumoto Takeshi , Okuno Hiroshi G. , Narins Peter M. , Hero Jean-Marc
Published: August 2017

Many animals use sounds produced by conspecifics for mate identification. Female insects and anuran amphibians, for instance, use acoustic cues to localize, orient toward and approach conspecific males prior to mating. Here we present a novel technique that utilizes multiple, distributed sound-indication devices and a miniature LED backpack to visualize and record the nocturnal phonotactic approach of females of the Australian orange-eyed tree frog (Litoria chloris) both in a laboratory arena and in the animal’s natural habitat. Continuous high-definition digital recording of the LED coordinates provides automatic tracking of the female’s position, and the illumination patterns of the sound-indication devices allow us to discriminate multiple sound sources including loudspeakers broadcasting calls as well as calls emitted by individual male frogs. This innovative methodology is widely applicable for the study of phonotaxis and spatial structures of acoustically communicating nocturnal animals.
Bone regeneration in minipigs by intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Zhang Ci , Yan Boxi , Cui Zhen , Cui Shengjie , Zhang Ting , Wang Xuedong , Liu Dawei , Yang Ruli , Jiang Nan , Zhou Yanheng , Liu Yan
Published: August 2017

Biomimetic intrafibrillarly-mineralized collagen (IMC) is a promising scaffold for bone regeneration because of its structural and functional similarity to natural bone. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of IMC loaded with autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in large bone defects in minipigs. A macroporous IMC with a bone-like subfibrillar nanostructure was fabricated using a biomimetic bottom-up approach. Non-healing full thickness defects were established on the cranial bone in minipigs, and IMC and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds seeded with autologous PDLSCs were implanted into these defects. Computed tomographic imaging, histology staining, and atomic force microscopy were applied to evaluate to the quantity, micro/nano structures, and mechanical performance of the neo-bone after 12 weeks of implantation. Compared with HA, IMC showed superior regeneration properties characterized by the profuse deposition of new bony structures with a normal architecture and vascularization. Immunohistochemistry showed that the runt-related transcription factor 2 and transcription factor Osterix were highly expressed in the neo-bone formed by IMC. Furthermore, the nanostructure and nanomechanics of the neo-bone formed by IMC were similar to that of natural bone. This study provides strong evidence for the future clinical applications of the IMC-based bone grafts.
Different spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies in China’s forests
Authors: Xu Shan , Zhou Guoyi , Tang Xuli , Wang Wantong , Wang Genxu , Ma Keping , Han Shijie , Du Sheng , Li Shenggong , Yan Junhua , Ma Youxin
Published: August 2017

Nutrient resorption is an important internal-strategy for plant to retain nutrients. However, the spatial patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies (NRE, PRE) in national scales are still unexplored. In this study, we first estimated the magnitudes of NRE and PRE, and explored their spatial patterns across China’s forests based on the dataset from a nation-wide field campaign from 2011 to 2015. Mean NRE was estimated to be 35.64% and higher than mean PRE (43.72%). The main effects of forest type and the interactions between climatic zone and land use were significant for both NRE and PRE. In addition, NRE and PRE exhibited different patterns along climatic gradients and nutrient status. Our results can shed light on the nutrient strategies of China’s forests under future environmental changes and the results could be used in global biogeochemical models.
Dihydrocapsaicin Attenuates Blood Brain Barrier and Cerebral Damage in Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion via Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory
Authors: Janyou Adchara , Wicha Piyawadee , Jittiwat Jinatta , Suksamrarn Apichart , Tocharus Chainarong , Tocharus Jiraporn
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the effect of dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) on cerebral and blood brain barrier (BBB) damage in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) models. The models were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion. The rats were divided into five groups: sham, or control group; vehicle group; and 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg BW DHC-treated I/R groups. After 24 h of reperfusion, we found that DHC significantly reduced the area of infarction, morphology changes in the neuronal cells including apoptotic cell death, and also decreased the BBB damage via reducing Evan Blue leakage, water content, and ultrastructure changes, in addition to increasing the tight junction (TJ) protein expression. DHC also activated nuclear-related factor-2 (Nrf2) which involves antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and significantly decreased oxidative stress and inflammation via down-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase (NOX2, NOX4), nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-ĸB), and nitric oxide (NO), including matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels. DHC protected the cerebral and the BBB from I/R injury via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study offers to aid future development for protection against cerebral I/R injury in humans.
Knockout of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 protects the heart from pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Yang Kevin , Long Qinqiang , Saja Kamalamma , Huang Fengyuan , Pogwizd Steven M. , Zhou Lufang , Yoshida Masasuke , Yang Qinglin
Published: August 2017

Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Under pathological conditions, ATP synthase hydrolyzes ATP to replenish protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, sustaining mitochondrial membrane potential. ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) is a nuclear-encoded, ATP synthase-interacting protein that selectively inhibits the hydrolysis activity of ATP synthase, which may render the protective role of IF1 in ischemic hearts. However, the in vivo cardiac function of IF1 and the potential therapeutic application targeting IF1 remain obscure. In the present study, we uncovered that IF1 is upregulated in mouse hearts with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. IF1 knockout (KO) mice were protected against cardiac dysfunction and pathological development induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or isoproterenol infusion. The reduced ATP hydrolysis activated AMPK activity in IF1 KO hearts, which together facilitated autophagy. These results suggest that IF1 upregulation in the failing heart may be a maladaptive response. Inhibiting IF1 in the hypertrophied heart not only prevents cell death from excessive mitochondrial depolarization but also activates AMPK signaling and increases autophagy. Therefore, IF1 inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic target in treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Serum Monounsaturated Triacylglycerol Predicts Steatohepatitis in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Yang Rui-xu , Hu Chun-xiu , Sun Wan-lu , Pan Qin , Shen Feng , Yang Zhen , Su Qing , Xu Guo-wang , Fan Jian-gao
Published: August 2017

Chronic liver disease is associated with lipid metabolic disruption. We carried out a study to determine serum lipidomic features of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and active chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and explored the biomarkers for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Serum lipidomic profiles of healthy controls (n = 23) and of biopsy–proven NAFLD (n = 42), CHB with NAFLD (n = 22) and without NAFLD (n = 17) were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. There were distinct serum lipidome between groups of NAFLD and CHB without NAFLD. Most of the neutral lipids and ceramide were elevated in the NAFLD group but were decreased in the CHB without NAFLD group. Plasmalogens were decreased in both groups. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) with lower carbon numbers and double bonds were increased in subjects with NASH. Serum monounsaturated TAG was a significant predictor of NASH (OR = 3.215; 95%CI 1.663–6.331) and positively correlated with histological activity (r = 0.501;P < 0.001). It showed good predictability for NASH in the NAFLD group [area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) = 0.831] and was validated in the CHB group (AUROC = 0.833); this characteristic was superior to that of cytokeratin-18 and alanine transaminase. The increase in monounsaturated TAG might be a specific marker for NASH in both NAFLD and CHB patients.
Efficient Bioimaging with Diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes: Selective Imaging of Epidermal and Stomatal Cells and Insight into the Molecular Level Interactions
Authors: Senthilnathan N. , Chandaluri Ch. G. , Radhakrishnan T. P.
Published: August 2017

The enhanced fluorescence emission of diaminodicyanoquinodimethanes (DADQs) in rigid and aggregated states holds great promise for bioimaging applications. This is demonstrated through their efficient application in epidermal and stomatal imaging with selective staining of cell walls and nuclei. Major advantages include the small quantities (a few nmols) of the fluorophore required, choice of DADQs soluble in water and organic solvents, and quick staining of the specimen in buffer-free state and in buffer medium. The molecular level interactions that enable staining are unraveled through isothermal calorimetry, infra-red spectroscopy and microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. It is proposed that DADQs with ionic or H-bonding functionalities bind to the polygalacturonic acid moieties in the epidermal layer; the former can bind also to nucleic acid polyanions. Fluorescence experiments explain the emission enhancement that enables the efficient imaging. DADQs are easy to synthesize, non-cytotoxic, and thermally, chemically and photo-stable, requiring no special storage conditions; preliminary experiments point to their potential utility in imaging different classes of cells.
Plasmonic trapping of nanoparticles by metaholograms
Authors: Rui Guanghao , Ma Yanbao , Gu Bing , Zhan Qiwen , Cui Yiping
Published: August 2017

Manipulation of nanoparticles in solution is of great importance for a wide range of applications in biomedical, environmental, and material sciences. In this work, we present a novel plasmonic tweezers based on metahologram. We show that various kinds of nanoparticles can be stably trapped in a surface plasmon (SP) standing wave generated by the constructive interference between two coherent focusing SPs. The absence of the axial scattering force and the enhanced gradient force enable to avoid overheating effect while maintaining mechanical stability even under the resonant condition of the metallic nanoparticle. The work illustrates the potential of such plasmonic tweezers for further development in lab-on-a-chip devices.
A green approach to the synthesis of a nano catalyst and the role of basicity, calcination, catalytic activity and aging in the green synthesis of 2-aryl bezimidazoles, benzothiazoles and benzoxazoles
Authors: Sahu Pramod K.
Published: August 2017

A green synthesis of hydrotalcite (a double layered catalyst) by a grinding method using Al/Mg molar ratios of 1.0–3.0 at room temperature is described.
A ratiometric fluorescent pH probe based on keto–enol tautomerization for imaging of living cells in extreme acidity
Authors: Tong Zong-Xuan , Liu Wei , Huang Hui , Chen Hong-Zong , Liu Xian-Jun , Kuang Yong-Qing , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: August 2017

A ratiometric fluorescent pH probe (DDXC) has been developed for extreme acidity, the sensing mechanism of which is based on the reversible protonation of the carbonyl oxygen followed by keto–enol tautomerization.
Ultraclean pure shift NMR
Authors: Moutzouri Pinelopi , Chen Yingxian , Foroozandeh Mohammadali , Kiraly Peter , Phillips Andrew R. , Coombes Steven R. , Nilsson Mathias , Morris Gareth A.
Published: August 2017

“Pure shift” methods can greatly improve the resolution of proton NMR spectra.
Lithium cell-assisted low-overpotential Li–O2batteries by in situ discharge activation
Authors: Liu Jiehua , Chen Wei , Xing Aiming , Wei Xiangfeng , Xue Dongfeng
Published: August 2017

Carbon paper-based electrocatalysts are activated by thein situdischarge of a Li cell, and they exhibit the lowest overpotential for Li–O2batteries recorded to date.
Study of the presence of spherical deformations on the Al top electrode due to electroforming in rewritable organic resistive memories
Authors: Ávila-Niño J. A. , Reyes-Reyes M. , López-Sandoval R.
Published: August 2017

Physical deformations in organic resistive memories coming from redox processes occurring in the native aluminium oxide layer due to electroformation.
Solid state vibrational circular dichroism towards molecular recognition: chiral metal complexes intercalated in a clay mineral
Authors: Sato Hisako , Tamura Kenji , Takimoto Kazuyoshi , Yamagishi Akihiko
Published: August 2017

The solid state VCD method revealed chirality effects on the intermolecular interaction between Δ- or Λ-[Ru(phen)3]2+ and R or S-BINOL intercalated in a montmorillonite clay.
Retraction: Graphene–SnO2 nanocomposites decorated with quantum tunneling junctions: preparation strategies, microstructures and formation mechanism
Authors: Simpson Anna
Published: August 2017

Retraction of ‘Graphene–SnO2 nanocomposites decorated with quantum tunneling junctions: preparation strategies, microstructures and formation mechanism’ by Qingxiu Wang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 19351–19357.
Transfer hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde with 2-propanol on Al2O3 and SiO2–Al2O3 catalysts: role of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites
Authors: Gao Zhan-Kun , Hong Yong-Chun , Hu Zhun , Xu Bo-Qing
Published: August 2017

Neither surface Brønsted acidic nor basic sites are involved in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction of cinnamaldehyde with 2-propanol.
Improving the visible light photoelectrochemical activity of synthesized TiO2nanotube arrays in an organic electrolyte containing sodium carbonate with doping by copper via single-step anodization
Authors: Alitabar M. , Yoozbashizadeh H.
Published: August 2017

The main aim of this research is to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2nanotubes by co-doping with copper and sodium for application in the water splitting process as a photoanode.
Catalytic macrolactonizations for natural product synthesis
Authors: Li Yong , Yin Xianglin , Dai Mingji
Published: August 2017

Non-seco-acid-based catalytic macrolactonization strategies and methods and their applications in total syntheses of natural products are highlighted.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability of hypocrellin A in rat
Authors: Guo Ling-Yuan , Yan Shu-Zhen , Li Qiang , Xu Qiao , Lin Xi , Qi Shan-Shan , Yu Shu-Qin , Chen Shuang-Lin
Published: August 2017

The release of HA from PLGA/HA NPs was carried by dissolving PLGA/HA NPs in artificial gastric (pH 1.5), intestinal (pH 6.8) and blood (pH 7.4) media.
Surface functionalization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles by an acid-liable polysaccharide-based prodrug for combinatorial monitoring and chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Chaoping , Yang Rui-Meng , Wang Li , Li Nan-nan , Qi Meng , Xu Xiang-dong , Wei Xin-hua , Jiang Xin-Qing , Zhang Li-Ming
Published: August 2017

For combinatorial monitoring and chemotherapy of liver carcinoma, the macromolecular prodrug based on hyaluronic acid and doxorubicin hydrochloride was prepared by an acid-labile linkage and conjugated with amine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles.
Preparation and properties of poly (lactic acid)/magnetic Fe3O4 composites and nonwovens
Authors: Yu Bin , Wang Mingjun , Sun Hui , Zhu Feichao , Han Jian , Bhat Gajanan
Published: August 2017

The degradable and magnetic PLA/Fe3O4 melt-blown materials for air filtration application were prepared by melt-blowing process using the PLA/Fe3O4 composites with different components obtained by melt-mixing as the masterbatch.
Mechanofluorochromic properties of fluorescent molecules based on a dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran and indole isomer containing different alkyl chains via an alkene module
Authors: Qian Lebin , Zhou Yibin , Liu Miaochang , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Ge , Gao Wenxia , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: August 2017

The length and isomerization of the alkyl chains exhibit different effects on the mechanofluorochromic properties of the dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran derivatives when the substitution position of the indole unit is different.
Study on non-isothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene/bacterial cellulose composites
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Hai-Rong , Huang Chao , Xiong Lian , Luo Jun , Chen Xin-de
Published: August 2017

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has great potential to be used as a new filler in reinforced isotactic polypropylene (iPP) due to its characteristics of high crystallinity, biodegradability and efficient mechanical properties.
Diameter-controlled Cu nanoparticles on saponite and preparation of film by using spontaneous phase separation
Authors: Miyagawa Masaya , Shibusawa Akane , Maeda Kaho , Tashiro Akiyoshi , Sugai Toshiki , Tanaka Hideki
Published: August 2017

Cu nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their optical, catalytic, and electrical properties.
Optimal sizing and placement of rooftop solar photovoltaic at Kabul city real distribution network
Authors: Ahmadi Mikaeel , Lotfy Mohammed Elsayed , Shigenobu Ryuto , Yona Atsushi , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: August 2017

Renewable energy resources (RERs) such as wind and solar are said to be considerable promising of the power system worldwide, and Afghanistan is evaluated for abundant and feasible electricity generation capacity from these resources. It fortifies merging of RER to the electric power system of Afghanistan where power quality issue sums up with scheduled and unscheduled load shedding due to the shortage of electricity. This research study presents an optimal solution comprising of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) as distributed generation to a real and substantial 162‐bus electric distribution network (EDN) in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. Genetic algorithm (GA) based on Newton–Raphson power flow with the objective of power loss minimisation is put forward for sizing and placement of the solar PV at practically available locations or candidate buses of the network. This approach tends to reduce the dependency on the import power and at the same time improves the performance of the current system through minimisation of the total power loss and voltage deviation. The proposed method is simulated by MATLAB® software to compare and demonstrate the performance of the system under different scenarios of the PV allocations.
Perspektive Heilpraktiker
Authors: Ocker Sandra
Published: August 2017

Zunehmend legen Therapeuten die Prüfung zur Heilpraktikererlaubnis ab.
Dahinter stecken die eingeschränkten Therapiemöglichkeiten und die momentan
diffizile gesetzlichen Lage der Osteopathie in Deutschland, vermutet Dozentin
Sandra Ocker von der Heilpraktikerschule Homo Et Sanitas, Giengen/Brenz. Sie
zeigt die Chancen auf und beschreibt den Weg zum Ziel.
Spezielle urologische Traumatologie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Faé P. , Schröder A. , Rösch W. , Stein R.
Published: August 2017

Isolierte Verletzungen des Urogenitaltraktes sind besonders bei Kindern und Jugendlichen selten. Das am häufigsten betroffene Organ ist die Niere, vorwiegend im Rahmen von Politraumen. Insgesamt ist der Urogenitaltrakt bei etwa 3 % aller von Politraumen betroffenen Kinder beteiligt. Die Literatur sowie die internationalen Leitlinien geben klare therapeutische Konzepte über die Diagnose und Behandlung von Nierentraumen vor. Die häufigsten isolierten Urogenitalverletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen betreffen allerdings das äußere Genital und werden durch stumpfe Traumen, Schürfungen, Quetschungen sowie durch Pfählungen verursacht. Für diese Formen von Verletzungen gibt es aufgrund der Vielfalt der Verletzungsmuster keine allgemein gültigen Empfehlungen oder Leitlinien. In unseren Fallberichten kinder- und jugendurologischer Patienten gehen wir auf die speziellen Formen von Genitaltraumen und auf deren individuelle Diagnostik und Therapie ein.
Kollagenosen – Krankheiten mit vielen Gesichtern
Authors: Voll Reinhard
Published: August 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der Aktuellen Rheumatologie,

die Kollagenosen stellen eine recht uneinheitliche Gruppe systemischer Autoimmunopathien des Bindegewebes dar, die aufgrund ihrer oft unspezifischen (Früh-)Symptome und vielgestaltigen Manifestationen nicht selten verkannt werden. Finden die Patientinnen, betroffen sind ganz überwiegend Frauen, schließlich den Weg zum Rheumatologen, so kann auch dieser nicht immer gleich eine definitive Diagnose stellen. Undifferenzierte Formen sind in der Frühphase häufig, auch rechtzeitige therapeutische Interventionen dürften gelegentlich verhindern, dass die Erkrankung fortschreitet und somit einer bestimmten Entität zugeordnet werden kann.
Lepra
Authors: Effendy I.
Published: August 2017

Lepra ist eine chronische bakterielle Infektionskrankheit durch Mycobacaterium leprae, derzeit leiden weltweit ca. 3 Millionen Personen. Lepra ist nicht hoch kontagiös, für die Übertragung steht die Tröpfcheninfektion im Vordergrund. Die vielfältigen klinischen Symptome sind durch den Immunstatus des Betroffenen, die aktuelle Bakterienladung sowie Bestandsdauer der Krankheit vor der Diagnosestellung bestimmt. Zwecks Behandlungsstrategie wird die Krankheit in bakterienarme (tuberkuloid, borderline-tuberkuloid) und bakterienreiche (borderline-borderline, borderline-lepromatöse und lepromatöse) Formen unterteilt. Erregernachweis erfolgt durch mikroskopisches Direktpräparat, Histopathologie bzw. mittels PCR. Die Kombinationstherapie mit Dapson, Rifampicin und Clofazimin gilt als Standard (WHO).
Jodmangel in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Authors: Gärtner Roland
Published: August 2017

Jod ist ein lebensnotwendiges Spurenelement, das für die Bildung der Schilddrüsenhormone T3
(Trijodthyronin) und T4 (Thyroxin) benötigt wird. T3 und T4 beeinflussen entscheidend verschiedene
Stoffwechselvorgänge, unter anderem den Energiehaushalt, den Herzrhythmus, den Blutdruck, das Wachstum
und die Gehirnentwicklung (▶
Abb.

1
). Der
menschliche Körper bildet Jod nicht selbst und muss es daher regelmäßig mit der Nahrung aufnehmen.
Entsprechend erhalten Föten und Säuglinge das Jod über die Plazenta bzw. die Muttermilch.
Weizensensitivität: FODMAP-armer Urweizen als Alternative
Authors: Kautz Sybille
Published: August 2017

Wer nach dem Verzehr von getreidehaltigen Produkten gastrointestinale Beschwerden entwickelt,
kann außer an Zöliakie oder Weizenallergie auch an einer Weizensensitivität oder einem
Reizdarmsyndrom leiden. Auslöser dafür ist bei manchen Betroffenen eine Unverträglichkeit
gegen fermentierbare Oligo-, Di- und Monosaccharide und Polyole (FODMAP) aus bestimmten
Getreidearten wie Weizen, einigen Obst- und Gemüsesorten sowie aus Hülsenfrüchten. Diese
Personen können von einer FODMAP-armen Ernährung profitieren. Der Urweizen 2ab enthält
weniger FODMAP als herkömmlicher Weizen und ausschließlich das meist besser verträgliche
Gluten des AABB-Genoms. Damit hergestellte Backwaren können in eine FODMAP-arme Diät
integriert werden, sodass sensitive Personen nicht auf Weizenprodukte verzichten
müssen.
Topological field theories of 2- and 3-forms in six dimensions
Authors: Herfray Yannick , Krasnov Kirill
Published: August 2017

We consider several diffeomorphism invariant field theories of 2- and 3-forms in six dimensions. They all share the same kinetic term BdC but differ in the potential term that is added. The theory BdC with no potential term is topological—it describes no propagating degrees of freedom. We show that the theory continues to remain topological when either the BBB or CĈ potential term is added. The latter theory can be viewed as a background independent version of the 6-dimensional Hitchin theory, for its critical points are complex or para-complex 6-manifolds, but unlike in Hitchin’s construction, one does not need to choose a background cohomology class to define the theory. We also show that the dimensional reduction of the CĈ theory to three dimensions, when reducing on S3, gives 3D gravity.
An ab initio chemical reaction model for the direct simulation Monte Carlo study of non-equilibrium nitrogen flows
Authors: Mankodi T. K. , Bhandarkar U. V. , Puranik B. P.
Published: August 2017

A new ab initio based chemical model for a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) study suitable for simulating rarefied flows with a high degree of non-equilibrium is presented. To this end, Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) cross sections for N2+N2→N2+2N are calculated and published using a global complete active space self-consistent field-complete active space second order perturbation theory N4 potential energy surface and quasi-classical trajectory algorithm for high energy collisions (up to 30 eV). CID cross sections are calculated for only a selected set of ro-vibrational combinations of the two nitrogen molecules, and a fitting scheme based on spectroscopic weights is presented to interpolate the CID cross section for all possible ro-vibrational combinations. The new chemical model is validated by calculating equilibrium reaction rate coefficients that can be compared well with existing shock tube and computational results. High-enthalpy hypersonic nitrogen flows around a cylinder in the transition flow regime are simulated using DSMC to compare the predictions of the current ab initio based chemical model with the prevailing phenomenological model (the total collision energy model). The differences in the predictions are discussed.
Structural and electrical properties of single crystalline SrZrO3 epitaxially grown on Ge (001)
Authors: Lim Z. H. , Ahmadi-Majlan K. , Grimley E. D. , Du Y. , Bowden M. , Moghadam R. , LeBeau J. M. , Chambers S. A. , Ngai J. H.
Published: August 2017

We present structural and electrical characterization of SrZrO3 that has been epitaxially grown on Ge(001) by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. Single crystalline SrZrO3 can be nucleated on Ge via deposition at low temperatures followed by annealing at 550 °C in ultra-high vacuum. Photoemission spectroscopy measurements reveal that SrZrO3 exhibits a type-I band arrangement with respect to Ge, with conduction and valence band offsets of 1.4 eV and 3.66 eV, respectively. Capacitance-voltage and current-voltage measurements on 4 nm thick films reveal low leakage current densities and an unpinned Fermi level at the interface that allows modulation of the surface potential of Ge. Ultra-thin films of epitaxial SrZrO3 can thus be explored as a potential gate dielectric for Ge.
Modeling bipolar stimulation of cardiac tissue
Authors: Galappaththige Suran K. , Gray Richard A. , Roth Bradley J.
Published: August 2017

Unipolar stimulation of cardiac tissue is often used in the design of cardiac pacemakers because of the low current required to depolarize the surrounding tissue at rest. However, the advantages of unipolar over bipolar stimulation are not obvious at shorter coupling intervals when the tissue near the pacing electrode is relatively refractory. Therefore, this paper analyzes bipolar stimulation of cardiac tissue. The strength-interval relationship for bipolar stimulation is calculated using the bidomain model and a recently developed parsimonious ionic current model. The strength-interval curves obtained using different electrode separations and arrangements (electrodes placed parallel to the fibers versus perpendicular to the fibers) indicate that bipolar stimulation results in more complex activation patterns compared to unipolar stimulation. An unusually low threshold stimulus current is observed when the electrodes are close to each other (a separation of 1 mm) because of break excitation. Unlike for unipolar stimulation, anode make excitation is not present during bipolar stimulation, and an abrupt switch from anode break to cathode make excitation can cause dramatic changes in threshold with very small changes in the interval. These results could impact the design of implantable pacemakers and defibrillators.
Suppression of turbulence by heterogeneities in a cardiac model with fiber rotation
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Steinbock Oliver
Published: August 2017

Electrical scroll wave turbulence in human ventricles is associated with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. We perform three-dimensional simulations on the basis of the anisotropic Fenton-Karma model and show that macroscopic, insulating heterogeneities (e.g., blood vessels) can cause the spontaneous formation of pinned scroll waves. The wave field of these vortices is periodic, and their frequencies are sufficiently high to push the free, turbulent vortices into the system boundaries where they annihilate. Our study considers cylindrical heterogeneities with radii in the range of 0.1 to 2 cm that extend either in the transmural or a perpendicular direction. Thick cylinders cause the spontaneous formation of multi-armed rotors according to a radius-dependence that is explained in terms of two-dimensional dynamics. For long cylinders, local pinning contacts spread along the heterogeneity by fast and complex self-wrapping.
Non-linear growth of double tearing mode: Explosive reconnection, plasmoid formation, and particle acceleration
Authors: Akramov Tohir , Baty Hubert
Published: August 2017

The nonlinear evolution of double tearing modes (DTMs) is investigated within the framework of resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations in a two-dimensional Cartesian geometry. We have explored the explosive reconnection phase associated with the growth of the secondary structure-driven instability for a range of resistivity values. The time scale of the explosive phase (that is of order of a few Alfvénic time scales) is shown to be quasi-independent of the resistivity, even when fast growing plasmoids develop for the highest enough Lundquist number cases. Test particle accelerations are performed using the MHD explosive simulations as input parameters. Our results show that reconnection DTM dynamics is able to provide an efficient process for accelerating charged particles far beyond characteristic thermal velocities within the reconnection layers. The main acceleration mechanism is attributed to the strong inductive electric field generated by the island structure-driven instability, with an additional smaller contribution due to the presence of plasmoids. Finally, our results are used to discuss some features of the accelerated particle spectra during flaring activity in the solar corona.
The relativistic spherical δ-shell interaction in R3: Spectrum and approximation
Authors: Mas Albert , Pizzichillo Fabio
Published: August 2017

This note revolves on the free Dirac operator in R3 and its δ-shell interaction with electrostatic potentials supported on a sphere. On one hand, we characterize the eigenstates of those couplings by finding sharp constants and minimizers of some precise inequalities related to an uncertainty principle. On the other hand, we prove that the domains given by Dittrich et al. [J. Math. Phys. 30(12), 2875–2882 (1989)] and by Arrizabalaga et al. [J. Math. Pures Appl. 102(4), 617–639 (2014)] for the realization of an electrostatic spherical shell interaction coincide. Finally, we explore the spectral relation between the shell interaction and its approximation by short range potentials with shrinking support, improving previous results in the spherical case.
Experimental study on thermal conductivity of free-standing fluorinated single-layer graphene
Authors: Narasaki Masahiro , Wang Haidong , Nishiyama Takashi , Ikuta Tatsuya , Takahashi Koji
Published: August 2017

We measured the thermal conductivity of free-standing fluorinated single-layer graphene (FSLG) using a precise T-type method. Pristine graphene was fluorinated and suspended above the substrate using xenon difluoride gas. Compared with the thermal conductivity of pristine single-layer graphene (SLG) (∼2000 W/mK) previously measured by the same T-type method for the same original SLG, the FSLG exhibited a much lower thermal conductivity (∼80 W/mK) and a weak dependence of the thermal conductivity on nanohole defects. The experimental results suggest that the fluorine atoms and sp3 bonding in the FSLG strongly contributed to phonon scattering. The phonon scattering by the fluorine atoms and sp3 bonding has a dominant effect on the thermal conductivity decrease over the phonon scattering by nanohole defects. This study lays a foundation for the thermal measurement of 2D fluorinated materials and benefits future applications of fluorinated graphene.
Exploring regulation in tissues with eQTL networks
Authors: Fagny Maud , Paulson Joseph N. , Kuijjer Marieke L. , Sonawane Abhijeet R. , Chen Cho-Yi , Lopes-Ramos Camila M. , Glass Kimberly , Quackenbush John , Platig John
Published: August 2017

Significance

A core tenet in genetics is that genotype influences phenotype. In an individual, the same genome can be expressed in substantially different ways, depending on the tissue. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis, which associates genetic variants at millions of locations across the genome with the expression levels of each gene, can provide insight into genetic regulation of phenotype. In each of 13 tissues we performed an eQTL analysis, represented significant associations as edges in a network, and explored the structure of those networks. We found clusters of eQTL linked to shared functions across tissues and tissue-specific clusters linked to tissue-specific functions, driven by genetic variants with tissue-specific regulatory potential. Our findings provide unique insight into the genotype–phenotype relationship.
Experimental and statistical reevaluation provides no evidence forDrosophilacourtship song rhythms
Authors: Stern David L. , Clemens Jan , Coen Philip , Calhoun Adam J. , Hogenesch John B. , Arthur Ben J. , Murthy Mala
Published: August 2017

Significance

Previous studies have reported that male vinegar flies sing courtship songs with a periodic rhythm of approximately 55 s. Several years ago, we showed that we could not replicate this observation. Recently, the original authors have claimed that we failed to find rhythms because (i) our flies did not sing enough and (ii) our software for detecting song did not detect all song events. They reported that they could detect rhythms in song annotated by hand. We show here that we cannot replicate their observation of rhythms in the hand-annotated data or in other datasets. We also show that our original methods were not biased against detecting rhythms. We conclude that song rhythms cannot be detected.
TFG facilitates outer coat disassembly on COPII transport carriers to promote tethering and fusion with ER–Golgi intermediate compartments
Authors: Hanna Michael G. , Block Samuel , Frankel E. B. , Hou Feng , Johnson Adam , Yuan Lin , Knight Gavin , Moresco James J. , Yates John R. , Ashton Randolph , Schekman Randy , Tong Yufeng , Audhya Anjon
Published: August 2017

Significance

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a platform for the packaging of most secretory proteins into conserved coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated transport carriers destined for ER–Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC) in animal cells. In this work, we demonstrate that Trk-fused gene (TFG), a protein implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and oncogenesis, functions in this pathway by interacting directly with the COPII protein Sec23. Specifically, we show that TFG outcompetes interactions between the inner and outer layers of the COPII coat, indicating that TFG promotes the uncoating process after transport carriers undergo scission from the ER. Moreover, we demonstrate that TFG simultaneously captures and concentrates COPII transport carriers at the ER/ERGIC interface to enable the rapid movement of secretory cargoes to the ERGIC.
lncRNA Chronos is an aging-induced inhibitor of muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Neppl Ronald L , Wu Chia-Ling , Walsh Kenneth
Published: August 2017

Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity in its ability to modulate its mass in response to the physiologic changes associated with functional use, systemic disease, and aging. Although a gradual loss of muscle mass normally occurs with advancing age, its increasingly rapid progression results in sarcopenia in a subset of individuals. The identities of muscle-enriched, long noncoding RNAs that regulate this process are unknown. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA, named Chronos, whose expression in muscle is positively regulated with advancing age and negatively regulated during Akt1-mediated growth. Inhibition of Chronos induces myofiber hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo, in part, through the epigenetic modulation of Bmp7 signaling.
A rescaled expansiveness for flows
Authors: Wen Xiao , Wen Lan
Published: August 2017

We introduce a new version of expansiveness for flows. Let

M
M

be a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary and let

X
X

be a

C
1

C^1

vector field on

M
M

that generates a flow

φ
t

\varphi _t

on

M
M

. We call

X
X

rescaling expansive on a compact invariant set

Λ
\Lambda

of

X
X

if for any

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon >0

there is

δ
>
0

\delta >0

such that, for any

x
,
y
∈
Λ

x,y\in \Lambda

and any time reparametrization

θ
:

R

→

R

\theta :\mathbb {R}\to \mathbb {R}

, if
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d left-parenthesis phi Subscript t Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis comma phi Subscript theta left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis y right-parenthesis right-parenthesis less-than-or-equal-to delta double-vertical-bar upper X left-parenthesis phi Subscript t Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar">

d
(

φ
t

(
x
)
,

φ

θ
(
t
)

(
y
)
)
≤
δ
‖
X
(

φ
t

(
x
)
)
‖

d(\varphi _t(x), \varphi _{\theta (t)}(y))\le \delta \|X(\varphi _t(x))\|

for all

t
∈

R

t\in \mathbb R

, then
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="phi Subscript theta left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis y right-parenthesis element-of phi Subscript left-bracket negative epsilon comma epsilon right-bracket Baseline left-parenthesis phi Subscript t Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">

φ

θ
(
t
)

(
y
)
∈

φ

[
−
ϵ
,
ϵ
]

(

φ
t

(
x
)
)

\varphi _{\theta (t)}(y)\in \varphi _{[-\epsilon , \epsilon ]}(\varphi _t(x))

for all

t
∈

R

t\in \mathbb R

. We prove that every multisingular hyperbolic set (singular hyperbolic set in particular) is rescaling expansive and that a converse holds generically.
Introduction to the English Legal System 2017-2018
Authors: Partington Martin
Published: August 2017

Introduction to the English Legal System 2017-2018 has been fully updated to consider the latest developments in the English legal system. The theme which dominates the new edition is that of transformation. The criminal (Chapter 5), the administrative (Chapter 6), the family (Chapter 7), and the civil (Chapter 8) justice systems are all starting a process of structural reform designed to enable them to operate more efficiently; this will include major investment in the use of IT in the delivery of court and tribunal services. Major changes to the ways in which the legal profession is regulated are also discussed (Chapter 9), and new enquiries designed to control the cost of litigating are outlined (Chapter 10). The outcome of the referendum on leaving the European Union (Brexit), although noted, is not considered at length: although there will be major change in the future, its form currently not known and for the time being, things remain the same (Chapter 3). The book starts by introducing themes and structure, after which Part II looks at law society and authority and considers the purpose and functions of law. Part III examines the institutional framework and looks into the role of government, the criminal justice system, the administrative justice system, the family justice system, and the civil and commercial justice system; Part IV describes the delivery and funding of legal services; and Part V offers a reflection on the process of transformation and the challenges it should address.
10. Funding legal services
Authors: Partington Martin
Published: August 2017

This chapter focuses on how legal services, in particular litigation, to the less well-off and the poor are paid for. It considers first the changing shape of legal aid and publicly funded legal services. It discusses developments designed to control the costs of litigation. It summarises new ideas that have been developing for the funding of litigation. Finally it asks whether other processes - alternatives to courts - might be better at providing cost effective and proportionate dispute resolution services.
In Utero ART Exposure and Birth and Early Growth Outcomes Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Attending Immunization Services: Results From National PMTCT Surveillance, South Africa
Authors: Ramokolo Vundli , Goga Ameena E , Lombard Carl , Doherty Tanya , Jackson Debra J , Engebretsen Ingunn MS
Published: August 2017

Background

Despite the recognized benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for preventing and treating HIV, some studies have reported adverse birth outcomes with in utero ART exposure. We evaluated the effect of infant in utero HIV and ART exposure on preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and underweight for age (UFA) at 6 weeks.

Methods

We surveyed 6179 HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) and 2599 HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants. HEU infants were stratified into 3 groups: ART, Zidovudine alone, and no antiretrovirals (None). The ART group was further stratified to explore pre- or postconception exposure. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated effects of HIV and ARV exposure on the outcomes.

Results

We found higher odds of PTD, LBW, SGA, and UFA in HEU than HUU infants. HEU in the None group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.0) or those whose mothers initiated ART preconception (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.5) had almost twice the odds of PTD than infants whose mothers started ART postconception, but no increased odds for other outcomes.

Conclusions

There was an association between preconception ART and PTD. As ART access increases, pregnancy registers or similar surveillance should be in place to monitor outcomes to inform future policy.