bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey on the Introduction of Medical Humanities and Sociology into the National Medical Licensing Examination
Authors: Lee Seunghee , Chung Myung-Hyun , Shin Jwa-Seop , Chung Eun Kyung
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the current situation of Medical Humanities and Sociology-related-curriculum in Korean medical schools, and suggesting the courses of study for the contents and methods of the Medical Humanities and Sociology examination, which can be included in the National Examination for Medical Practitioners. Methods: We analyzed Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses which are offered in Korean medical schools, and a survey was conducted by medical school professors and students and medical journalists. In the survey, the Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses were divided into 8 parts, and the participants were asked to evaluate the importance of duty, necessity of education, necessity of evaluation and the evaluation method of each part using a seven-point scale. Results: A total of 207 medical school professors and students and 9 medical journalists participated in the survey. The results were similar for the importance of duty and necessity of education of each part, but those for the necessity of evaluation were different. - As a result, there seems to be a gap between the importance of duty and the importance of education of each course. Medical journalists and students group answered differently on the necessity of evaluation of each course was also reserved. Conclusion: It is necessarily recommended to include Medical Humanities and Sociology-related courses such as medical ethics, self-improvement and doctors’ social responsibilities in the National Examination for Medical Practitioners.
Implications of Erudition Through Self-Directed Learning Principles in Medical Education
Authors: Kim Seong Gil
Published: March 2023

T he purpose of this article is to propose an alternative viewpoint on medical education, known as the Erudition paradigm. This study aims to confirm the essence of erudition rather than teaching and learning through discussing the foundations of self-directed learning principles in medical education. By reactivating the meaning of self-directed learning, this study debates the proprieties of the erudition paradigm beyond pedagogy; that is to say, the school-oriented educational paradigm. After all, this study reveals that all humans are Homo Eruditio, born with an erudite instinct, and it is necessary to inspire his/her encouragement in erudition by using self-directed learning.
Why Medical Professionalism Education?
Authors: Ban Deok-Jin
Published: March 2023

The idea that medicine itself imposes certain obligations upon the physician probably originated in Greece. It is Socrates in the fifth century BC who first discussed medical professionalism. Socrates said that no physician should seek the advantage of the physician but of the patient. For the physician was a ruler of bodies and not a money-maker. However, it is Hippocrates, the contemporary of Socrates and the Father of Medicine, who founded medical professionalism education and professional medical ethics. The professional spirit of Greek physicians is summed up in the magic phrase ‘love of humanity.’ In Epidemics I, Hippocrates expressed hope that physicians would help patients, or at least do them no harm. He also said, “Life is short; Art is long” in The Aphorisms. Here he described the reflective philosopher and the practiced physician. At once he sang the shortness of human life and the extent of the medical arts. Moreover, he made students swear by the gods that “I will keep pure and holy both my life and my art.” The Oath can serve as a coherent starting point and organizing framework for medical professionalism education and professional medical ethics. We need to have an opportunity to employ this fascinating text in teaching medical professionalism and medical ethics. In this article, the author asserts that the Hippocratic Aphorism (Life is short; Art is long) and The Oath, the most famous work of the entire Hippocratic collection, should be used for medical professionalism education.
Gender in Medical Training and Academic Medicine
Authors: Lee Hak-Seung , Lee Chang-Woo
Published: March 2023

There has been an increase in the number of female doctors worldwide. Women now represent half of all medical students, with almost the same numbers of men and women becoming physicians. There is a pool of talented women in our midst, and it is our responsibility as leaders to find those individuals and groom them for progress. However, residency training and academic education still resemble the historical model when there were few women in medicine. Gender differences in medical specialty choices can cause a maldistribution of doctors by specialty and geographical area, which could cause significant problems at the national health care system level. Major challenges facing female physicians include gender discrimination and sexual harassment, and work/family conflicts. Women are largely under-represented in academic medicine and experience discrimination in the academic environments. Recent issues about related to the “feminization of medicine” raise important questions forabout how academic medicine deals with gender issues. To better accommodate the needs of female doctors and ensure that they will have successful careers, structural and cultural changes to medical educations are needed.
Assessment of Medical Students in Clinical Clerkships
Authors: Lee Sang Yeoup , Im Sun Ju , Yune So Jung , Baek Sunyong , Woo Jae Seok
Published: March 2023

The clinical clerkship focuses students on developing their ability to perform comprehensive diagnosis and management of patients with common undifferentiated problems by the integration of knowledge and clinical reasoning. Therefore, the clerkship evaluation system should assess their actual problem solving and professional behavior. However, concern remains that clerkship evaluations are imprecise and highly variable. This review is designed to provide faculty members with concepts, options, and a methodology to actively teach and evaluate the clinical clerkship, as well as offer encouragement and inspiration to medical students. We reviewed past and current clinical clerkship evaluations and discuss several tips to improve clinical excellence such as continuity, transparency of the evaluation process, a faculty development program, practical examination of clinical skills, implementation of a checklist for recording exposure and skills, providing prompt and constructive feedback to students, self-evaluation of professional performance, varying multi-faceted assessment combinations, being outpatient clinic-centered, and having dedicated faculty members who give students one-on-one contact with a preceptor.
Development and Operation of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship
Authors: Yeo Sanghee
Published: March 2023

In recent years, Korean medical schools have shown a growing interest in the longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) as a means of improving clinical education. Some overseas medical schools have tried the LIC since the 1970s. In the 1990s, several universities in the US, Canada, and Australia introduced LICs. A variety of studies have confirmed positive results of the LIC. Traditional block-rotation is a discipline-based, inpatient-centered practice. Instead, under the LIC system, a medical student responsible for a panel of longitudinal patients observes developments of their diseases, serving several departments simultaneously. Overseas medical schools have different LIC models depending on their affiliate hospitals sizes and characteristics. The purpose of this study is to introduce LIC practices in Harvard Medical School and University of California San Francisco, which could be applied by Korean medical schools. This paper also aims to find out the strategies that have been able to help the two U.S. medical schools implement the LIC successfully.
Current Issues and Future Considerations in Undergraduate Medical Education from the Perspective of the Korean Medical Doctor Development System
Authors: Han Jae Jin
Published: March 2023

Observation of the current Korean medical education and training system shows that certain negative traits of unchangeable solidification engraft themselves so deeply into the overarching system that they are now hampering the state of the national health welfare. Focusing only on undergraduate medical education, we can point out some glaring side-effects that should be of concern to any stakeholder. For instance, a graduate can legally begin his career as an independent practitioner immediately after passing the licensing exam and return to the old stuck school-year system of 2-year-premedical and 4-year-medical programs where outcome-based and integrated curricula are incomplete and unsatisfactory. In terms of learning opportunities, the balance between patient care and public health, as well as that between in-hospital highly specialized practice and community-based general practice, has worsened. Every stakeholder should be aware of these considerations in order to obtain the insight to forge a new direction. Moreover, our medical schools must prepare our students to take on the global roles of patient care within the Fourth Industrial Revolution, health advocacy for the imminent super-aged society, and education and research in the bio-health industry, by building and applying the concept of academic medicine. We will need to invest more resources, including educational specialists, into the current undergraduate medical education system in order to produce proper outcomes, smart curriculum, innovative methods of teaching and learning, and valid and reliable monitoring and evaluation. The improved quality of undergraduate medical education is the starting point for the success of the national system for public health and medical care as a whole, and therefore its urgency and significance should be emphasized to the public. The medical society should go beyond fixing what is broken and usher in a new era of cooperation and collaboration that invites other health professionals, governmental partners, law-makers, opinion leaders, and the general public in its steps toward the future.
The Effect of the Dr. LEE Jong‐wook—Seoul Project on Medical Student Academic Performance in Laos
Authors: Kim Jungho , Kim Taejong , Shin Jwa-Seop
Published: March 2023

The Dr. LEE Jong-wook—Seoul Project (DLSP) in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is a long-term development cooperation initiative aimed at upgrading the medical education capacity at the University of Health Sciences (UHS) in the Lao PDR. Under the project, eight faculty members from UHS were trained at the Seoul National University College of Medicine for a 12-month period during 2010–2011. Using a training-of-trainers model, we estimated the effect of DLSP on the learning outcomes of students, which was measured using the standard test scores of the students. The questionnaire developed by the Medical Education Assessment Consortium in Korea was given to the students and both the percent-correct and standardized scores were examined. The evaluation strategy was to compare the learning outcomes of the students taught by the trainees with those that were not and to compare the medical topics taught by the trainees with other topics. It was found that the first group of trainees in the DLSP was associated with an increase of 1.5 in the percent-correct test scores for basic medicine. While the interpretation requires caution, it is consistent with the view that a training program for faculty members could be effective in improving the teaching capacity of medical schools in developing countries.
Current Status and Performance Evaluation Systems of Faculty in Korean Medical Schools
Authors: Yang Eunbae B. , Lee Tae Seon , Cho Myung Ja
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the current status and performance evaluation systems of faculty in Korean medical colleges and professional graduate medical schools (called medical schools). We developed a research tool based on previous studies and distributed it to 40 medical schools from July to October 2017. The response rate was 100%. We calculated the number of faculty members and analyzed the faculty evaluation systems and awareness according to national and private medical schools. As of 2017, the number of medical faculty in Korea was 11,111 (4,973 faculty were employed by their alma mater, which is 44.76% of the total), with non-medical doctor faculty accounting for 754 of the total. The medical schools reflect research achievements as most important for re-appointment and screening to promote faculty, and the area of education is secondary excepting clinical faculty of private medical schools. However, important issues in the faculty evaluation deal with the relevance of research achievement and the need for qualitative assessment. Some medical schools revised or have been revising the faculty evaluation system in areas such as minimum standards of education for promotion and separation of promotion and tenure review. Opening non-tenure track lines for faculty show positive effects such as increasing the number of positions for hire and easing the financial burdens of medical schools. Downfalls include inconsistencies between the responsibilities and actual practices of tenure not being available and the instability of faculty’s status. In conclusion, medical schools need to prepare a faculty evaluation system that fits the position of faculty members and attempt to establish a reasonable compensation system.
Exclusion to Inclusion: Lived Experience of Intellectual Disabilities in National Reporting on the CRPD
Authors: Löve Laufey Elísabet
Published: March 2023

This article critically examines the application of an innovative project aimed at developing a mechanism for people with intellectual disabilities to provide input to the Icelandic government’s report on its implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD). The project was undertaken to comply with the CRPD’s obligation to ensure the participation of disabled people in the review process and to respond to the recognized need for changes to consultation processes to accommodate the needs of people with intellectual disabilities. The project was successful in producing its intended outcome, to facilitate meaningful input by people with intellectual disabilities to the national review process. However, the research reveals that effective use of the outcome report by the authorities, which had both funded the project and praised its work, was lacking. These findings draw attention to the need to address unspoken norms and biases, and to take assertive steps to institutionalize a more structured and transparent process of co‐creation to ensure that the voices of marginalized groups are in fact heard and effectively taken into account in outcome processes. The research this article draws on is qualitative, comprised of data gathered through document analysis, as well as in‐depth interviews with representatives of disabled people’s organizations and the authorities.
Role and Significance of Payment Cards in Money Transfer Operations
Authors: Khomenko E. G.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the procedure for using payment (bank) cards when transferring funds. It is indicated that at present scientific and technological progress has led to the acceleration and improvement of settlement mechanisms, the introduction of new and optimization of already provided banking services in general. Payment (bank) cards are very popular. In the course of the study, the features characteristic of bank transfer by means of payment (bank) cards were identified. The study of the practice of using payment (bank) cards has shown that the gaps and inaccuracies existing in Russian legislation lead to an increase in the number of disputes involving citizens — cardholders. In order to avoid business risks, banks fix in their local acts a ban on the holder to transfer a payment (bank) card, as well as details, codes and passwords to it to a third party. In this regard, the article emphasizes the importance of familiarizing citizens — holders of payment (bank) cards with local acts of banks in order to ensure security when using cards and prevent unauthorized transfers.
Investigation of high-voltage discharge in oil on a simulator with a different set of defects
Authors: Gorlov Anton V. , Volchanina Maria A. , Ponomarev Anton V. , Kuznetsov Andrey A.
Published: March 2023

Background: The article describes a device for simulating various insulation defects for use with acoustic control devices for power transformers included in the power supply system of railway transport. The parameters of the recorded signals of the simulator are given, which will make it possible to recognize various insulation defects when diagnosing power transformers under operating conditions which will help to avoid emergency modes and interruptions in the operation of the electric rolling stock of railways.
Aim: experimental studies of a simulator with a different set of defects, obtaining the values of the parameters of acoustic control signals for various defects in the insulation of power transformers.
Methods: experimental studies of automated means of acoustic control, development of technical means for simulating various defects in the insulation of power transformers, processing of acoustic control signals.
Results: the block diagram of the simulator with a different set of defects is given, the values of the parameters of acoustic monitoring signals for various defects in the insulation of power transformers are given.
Conclusion: the above device allows you to reproduce various defects in the insulation of power transformers, to recognize such defects according to the proposed parameters of acoustic control signals.
Empirical Distance Metrics Relationships and Uncertainties in Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Kayastha Melish , Pezeshk Shahram , Tavakoli Behrooz
Published: March 2023

The seismic hazard of an area is determined based on the ground motion observed at that site. The intensity of the ground motion can be predicted using ground -motion models (GMMs). GMMs typically use distance metrics such as the Joyner–Boore distance (RJB) and the rupture distance (RRUP). However, apart from RJB and RRUP, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) also utilizes point-source-based distances like the epicentral distance (REPI) and the hypocentral distance (RHYP). These distance metrics are used for point sources when the fault geometry is unknown or is ignored. To obtain an accurate seismic hazard of an area, we need to determine the relationship between the distance metrics. In this study, we develop empirical relationships between RJB and various other distance metrics. This method avoids conducting computationally intensive tasks such as computing finite-fault-based distances for different fault geometry of a virtual rupture plane for each point source. The empirical equations provide the relation between RJB and target distance metric (Rtarget) based on the magnitude of the earthquake and the dip angle of the fault. In addition, we also require the depth to the top of the rupture to calculate RHYP. We discuss the steps to include the variability due to the conversion of the distance metrics in the PSHA. We have compared the results of this study with other published studies for distance conversion. A simple PSHA study of a circular area of 100 km using Pezeshk et al. (2011) as the GMM determined an increase in hazard using the proposed empirical equations and their uncertainties. The equations developed in this study can be directly applied in PSHA and are independent of the GMMs used for seismic hazard calculations. The equations can also be used for different fault geometries with a range of dip angles varying from 10° to 90°, for magnitudes 5.0–8.0, and distances up to 200 km. We have focused on the central and eastern United States.
Aplicando Control Calidad en la Manufactura de Manteles Individuales de Palma de Iraca
Authors: Jiménez-Méndez Gerardo , Gamarra-Pérez Aida , Troncoso Palacio Alexander
Published: March 2023

La producción artesanal con palma de iraca es una actividad tradicional de algunos pueblos indígenas que se practica desde hace mucho tiempo y aún hoy se ha transmitido a esta generación. En algunos municipios de Colombia, esta labor es el sustento de muchas familias, debido a que les generan unos recursos económicos para subsistir en su región y no migrar a la ciudad. Con esta planta, se pueden elaborar una gran variedad de productos, desde accesorios personales hasta productos caseros. En el siguiente informe, se aplicaron algunas herramientas del control de la calidad para garantizar la uniformidad en una muestra de 600 manteles individuales artesanales fabricados con palma de iraca, en los cuales se constató el cumplimiento de los requisitos del cliente como lo son: La uniformidad en el tamaño y el buen acabado de cada uno de ellos, lo cual es muy difícil de cumplir si no se estandariza el proceso, debido a que para elaborar esta cantidad, se hace necesario la intervención de al menos de 20 artesanos, los cuales tienen diferentes habilidades y experiencias. Para la medición y cumplimiento de los parámetros, se comparó contra un molde patrón con límites de tolerancia superior e inferior. Los hallazgos del análisis demuestran que el 78% de los productos estaban dentro del rango especificado y que el 9% estaban por debajo del límite de tolerancia y el 13% por arriba de este. Al aplicar un diagrama de Pareto, se lograron identificar los defectos más frecuentes. Por otro lado, se definió a partir del diagrama de causa y efecto que incluso las actividades iniciales de siembra de esta planta pueden impactar la calidad de los productos.
MODELING OF CO2 EMISSION STATISTICS in TURKEY BY FUZZY TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Authors: ÇEMREK Fatih
Published: March 2023

The process of determining the values which a time series will receive in the future is a very important concept. The fuzzy time series method has been widely used in recent years as it is more convenient to process data in small samples which are incomplete and/or ambiguous, and it does not contain any assumptions for time series. In this study, fuzzy time series analysis was used to predict CO2 emission values for Turkey. For this purpose, time series (annual) for total greenhouse gas emissions by sectors (CO2 equivalent) between 1990 and 2016 were analyzed. The main goal of this study is to model greenhouse gas emission statistics in Turkey with fuzzy time series analysis.
Enhanced performance of a microchannel with rectangular vortex generators
Authors: GÖNÜL Alişan , OKBAZ Abdulkerim
Published: March 2023

Microchannel heat sinks and heat exchangers are widely used in the cooling of electronic systems. However, it is still important to enhance the heat transfer in the microchannel so that the intense heat generated can be removed. Vortex generators (VGs) create secondary flow structures in the flow, increasing the fluid mixing, thinning the thermal boundary layer, and ultimately boosting heat transfer. Here, we have controlled the flow structure and improved the heat transfer with the lowest possible pressure loss by placing VGs of different sizes, numbers, and angles of attack in a microchannel. The improvement in heat transfer is accelerated as vortex intensity increases. The angle of attack has a significant impact on vortex formation lengths, which reach high dimensions around 90°. Furthermore, increasing the VG length significantly increases the vortex formation lengths. The number of VG pairs has a significant impact on heat transfer and pressure losses. As the number of VG pairs increases, so does the area occupied by the secondary flow regions in the microchannel, increasing the fluid mixture and boosting heat transfer. The highest enhancement in heat transfer using VGs is obtained at around 230%, while the corresponding increase in pressure loss is 950%. According to the JF factor which we consider a performance evaluation criteria, the best result is around 1.38. The Genetic Aggregation Response Surface Methodology has been applied to numerical results. The related method is realized to produce results that are consistent with the numerical results within a ±5% error interval. All the input parameters considered in the sensitivity analysis have an impact of at least 10% on the output parameters.
Events that occur in premature babies before death during their hospital stay
Authors: Akhter Rowshan Jahan , Chowdhury Kanta , Jahan Nishat , Hoque M. Mahbubul
Published: March 2023

Background: Globally, more than 80% of newborn babies die due to LBW. PT/LBW babies usually die because of complications from prematurity rather than the prematurity itself. Due to prematurity, they face several problems during their early life, like temperature control, feeding problem, poor immunity, respiratory insufficiency etc. and especially during SCANU and NICU stay they develop sepsis, NEC leading to their death. The aim of this study was to find out the events that occur before the death of premature neonates admitted in the NICU.
Methods: A retrospective study conducted in the NICU of Department of neonatology of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January, 2021 to December, 2021. During this period preterm babies who died were analyzed.
Result: During study period total 95 preterm babies died. Their mean± SD of birth weight was 1228.26±115.60. Majority (40%) of neonates were 28-31 weeks old and majority (59%) neonates were male. We found 27.3% had PNA, 12% had PDA, 19% had RDS and 33.6% had only prematurity during admissions. Among all neonates, 51.58% developed sepsis, 40% pneumonia, 34% pulmonary hemorrhage 20% intra ventricular hemorrhage, 25% NEC, 13.6% BPD and 12% PDA respectively and finally died.
Conclusion: In our study, 32 (33.6%) babies admitted with only prematurity and rest were admitted with other diagnosis like PNA (27.3%), RDS (19%,) PDA (12%) and CHD (9.4%). However, they finally died of Sepsis 49 (51%), Pneumonia 38 (40%), IVH 19 (20%), NEC 24 (25.2%), BPD 13 (13.6%), Pulmonary Hemorrhage 33 (34.7%).
Assessment of gestational age using anthropometric parameters in newborns
Authors: Asokan Bharathi , Saravanan S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Estimation of gestational age was needed for the measurement of intrauterine growth and associated conditions, such as whether infants with a low birth weight are preterm or growth-retarded, and identifying high-risk status for developmental delay. Menstrual history was unreliable in most of the cases and ultrasound was not feasible in low resource area, so in this study we were used anthropometric measurements as a simple tool for assessment of gestational age.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional observational study conducted in 380 babies born in January 2020-December 2022 in department of pediatrics, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. The data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric assessment. The Epi info 7 software was used to analyse the data.
Results: The mean gestational age among neonates studied was 37.06±2.32 weeks, the mean head circumference was 33.48±1.01 cm and majority of them 141 babies had head circumference 33 cm, the mean chest circumference was 30.69±1.08 cm. and majority of the babies, had chest circumference of 30 cm, the mean foot length was 7.64±0.24 cm, the mean length of the babies was 47.9±1.26 cm.
Conclusions: Our study conclude that anthropometeric parameters in combination (head, chest circumference, length, foot length, birth weight) and as single parameters (foot length) was a simple and easy tool for assessing gestational age in low resource setting where we can make quick referral.
Effect of yoga on bio-physiological parameters among overweight and obese adolescents: a case series study
Authors: Saritha G.  , David Anita , P. Stalin  , Scott J. Julius Xavier
Published: March 2023

The number of overweight and obese children in India was 19.3% (NFHS-5), which was a big jump from the previous number of 6.3% (NFHS-4). A school-based case-series design was conducted to assess the effect of yoga on biophysiological parameters among overweight and obese adolescents (11-13 years) at selected schools in Puducherry. The census method was used to screen 286 adolescents, aged 11 to 13, for height and weight. The study included 18 overweight boys and girls. Bio-physiological parameters were measured at baseline, three months, and six months after yoga practice. The results of the study showed that a significant difference was found after yoga practice. The mean difference in weight reduction was 4.0, the BMI was 1.7, the waist circumference was 4.6, the hip circumference was 6.2, the triceps skin fold thickness was 4.9, and the sub capsular skin fold thickness was 5.7. The mean difference in pulse reduction was 8.8, the systolic blood pressure was 11.0, and the diastolic pressure was 6.9. In terms of body composition, the decrease in fat (%) was 3.4, water (%) was 2.4, extracellular volume (ECW) (%) was 1.1, intracellular volume (ICW) (%) was 2.0, and the body fat mass index (BFMI) was 1.7. The study concluded that yoga is effective in managing obesity and building healthy citizens in future adolescents.
Fibromatosis colli: a rare case report
Authors: Nitish Kumar  , Tanya Singh  , Avinash Rastogi
Published: March 2023

Fibromatosis colli, a rare benign congenital mass of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, is mainly found in the neonatal age group, often at the age of 2 to 4 weeks of life. Also known as a pseudo tumour, its aetiology is still unknown and may occur due to injury of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the last trimester of intrauterine life or during delivery. Frequently manifests as restriction of neck movement and enlarging neck mass at around 14-28 days after birth. Ultrasonography (USG) neck is the preferred diagnostic modality. Treatment is mainly conservative consisting of observation and stretching exercises. Surgical intervention is required in <10% of cases and consists of a tenotomy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. We present a case report of fibromatosis colli in a 15-day-old female neonate with a history of birth trauma presented with a right neck mass and torticollis, diagnosed using high-frequency ultrasound. This condition regressed in the next few months while the patient was instituted only conservative treatment. Thus, signifying the importance of clinical diagnosis and differentiation from other causes of neck masses to prevent unnecessary investigation and overtreatment.
Emprendimiento juvenil
Authors: Meneses Perez Carlos Alveiro
Published: March 2023

El emprendimiento juvenil en Colombia, se ha visto permeado por la crisis socioeconómica por la que atraviesa el país. Esto, teniendo en cuenta que la precariedad laboral va en aumento y las garantías en el trabajo que actualmente tienen los jóvenes se ven reducidas en los diferentes ámbitos, lo que lleva al interés por realizar un balance en materia de emprendimiento y reconocer las tendencias de producción académica y los desafíos que enfrentan los jóvenes al querer emprender bajo el complejo contexto social, político y económico del país. Para ello, se realizó un estudio documental de carácter descriptivo, a fin de identificar los aspectos que han sido abordados en las diferentes publicaciones frente al emprendimiento juvenil de cara a la realidad social del tema en Colombia, lo que llevó a concluir que existen diferentes factores que posibilitan el emprendimiento en el país, cuyas tendencias se orientan en el desarrollo del perfil del emprendedor que principalmente se orienta a la creatividad, la innovación, la autonomía, el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades y el asumir riesgos, las motivaciones  encaminadas en muchos casos a tener su propio negocio, satisfacer sus necesidades, contrarrestar la falta de oportunidades, adquirir habilidades, capacidades y destrezas, entre otras como el desarrollar iniciativas innovadoras. Sin embargo, se presentan obstáculos que impiden en muchos casos que los emprendimientos permanezcan en el mercado, determinando entonces, que los principales desafíos a considerar se enmarcan en la capacitación, formación y desarrollo de elementos claves en el proceso y que deben ser propiciados principalmente por el Estado y las instituciones educativas.
Publicidade: o corpo modificado
Authors: Hoff Tânia Márcia Cezar
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo, resultado parcial de uma pesquisa a respeito do imaginário do corpo na publicidade brasileira, analisamos alguns aspectos da representação de corpo em anúncios de clínicas de estética e de cirurgia plástica e também em depoimentos veiculados em revistas do mercado editorial brasileiro em janeiro e fevereiro de 2004. Nos referidos anúncios, identificamos uma desqualificação do corpo "natural" e uma necessidade de modificá-lo por meio de cirurgias. Também identificamos que a publicidade, associando os discursos médico e tecnológico, propõe um novo paradigma de corpo.

Palavras-chaves: corpo, cirurgia, publicidade.

ABSTRACT

In this article, as apartial result of a research on the imaginary

body in the Brazilian advertisement, we analyzed some aspects of body representation in advertising for a esthetic and lastic surgery clinics and also in narratives published in some magazines from the Brazilian editorial market during January and February of 2004. In the referred group of advertising, we identified the existence of a negative qualification of "natural" body and a necessity of modijying it through surgery. We also identified that the advertisement,

associating the medical and technological discourses, proposes a new body paradigm.

Keywords: body, cirurgic intervention, advertising.
A criação de identidades virtuais através das linguagens digitais
Authors: Matuck Artur , Meucci Artur
Published: March 2023

Este artigo trata do processo de construção identitária na Internet no que se convencionou chamar de ciberespaço e tem como seu objeto os recursos textuais e estéticos utilizados na criação, construção e divulgação de identidades virtuais, por meio de blogs, fotologs e comunidades virtuais como o Orkut. Na análise dessas identidades virtuais enfatizamos os aspectos estéticos, psicológicos, sociais e culturais. Tanto os processos de autodefinição como os de alo-definição desses indivíduos emergentes no ciberespaço foram abordados no sentido de esclarecer a complexidade semiótica envolvida.

Palavras-chave: Identidade; estética; autodefinição; alo-definição; linguagens digitais.

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the process of identity construction in the Internet in what is conventionally known as cyberspace. Its objects of analysis are the textual and aesthetic resources used in the creation, construction and dissemination of virtual identities through blogs, flogs and virtual communities such as Orkut. In analyzing these virtual identities, we emphasize their aesthetic, psychological, social and cultural aspects. Processes of self-definition and outer-definition of emergent individuals in cyberspace are approached in order to clarify the semiotic complexity involved.

Keywords: Identity; aesthetics; self-definition; outer-definition;

digital languages.
Laurie Anderson e as apropriações estéticas da mídia e da tecnologia na arte da performance
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo discute a relação entre a arte, como processo criador, e a produção social de subjetividade no campo da experimentação estética e da comunicação. Com base em uma breve análise da produção da arte-performance da artista americana Laurie Anderson, tenta-se evidenciar as possibilidades propiciadas pelo encontro entre arte e tecnologia para a formação de processos de singularização dos modos de vida e de percepção da realidade, no contexto dos distintos elementos que formam a

cultura e a comunicação contemporâneas.

Palavras-chave: Comunicação; arte; tecnologia.

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the relationship between art as a creative

process  and the collective production of subjectivity in the

realm of aesthetic experimentation and communication. From

a brief analysis of performance artist Laurie Anderson productions, we seek to show the possibilities offered by the articulation between art and technology to the formation of processes of singularization of modes of life and perception of reality, within the context of distinct elements which form contemporary culture and communication.

Keywords: Communication; art; technology
A estética cibergótica na internet: música e sociabilidade na comunicação do MySpace
Authors: Amaral Adriana
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a estética das “cenas” contemporâneas

de música eletrônica soturna com base em usos e estratégias

comunicacionais de seus participantes na rede social MySpace(http://www.myspace.com). Partimos da influência do romantismo gótico no imaginário da cibercultura (Amaral 2006), propondo um neologismo provocador: o cibergoticismo, aqui compreendido como um

elemento herdeiro da discursividade do romantismo gótico, mas transmutado na sociabilidade e nas trocas informacionais no âmbito das cibersubculturas (Bell 2000; Caspary & Manzenreiter 2003) e suas cenas musicais correspondentes (rivetheads, cibergóticos, neovitorianos).

Palavras-chave: Comunicação; cibercultura; cibersubculturas; sociabilidade.

ABSTRACT

This paper has the aim to analyse the aesthetics of contemporary darkelectronic music scene, departing from the uses and communicational strategies of their participants inside the social network MySpace (http://www.myspace.com). Our starting point is the influence of gothic romanticism inside the cyberculture imaginary (Amaral 2006), proposing a teas-ing neologism: cybergothicism. We understand this concept as an heir of

gothic romanticism discursivity, but it has turned into the sociability and informational exchanges inside cybersubcultures (Bell 2000; Caspary &

Manzenreiter 2003) as well as its derivative musical scenes (rivetheads, cybergothics and neovictorians).

Keywords: Communication; cyberculture; cybersubculture; sociability.
Corpo, saúde e beleza: representações sociais nas revistas femininas
Authors: Siqueira Denise , Faria Aline
Published: March 2023

Com base em uma visão transdisciplinar, o objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o modo como a mídia impressa representa e propaga conceitos de corpo feminino saudável. Foram feitas leituras de estudos sobre corpo e

consultas aos arquivos da Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Seis revistas brasileiras voltadas para o público feminino – da segunda metade do século XX e início do XXI – foram selecionadas para ilustrar as mudanças

nos conceitos de corpo saudável e na abordagem desses conceitos.

Palavras-chave: Revistas femininas; representações sociais; corpo; cultura.

Abstract

From a transdisciplinary perspective, the objective of this article is to ponder about the way the printing-press represents and propagates concepts of women’s healthy bodies. Readings of studies about the body were made as

well as consultations to the archives of the Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro National Library). Six Brazilian magazines written for women – published during the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century

– were chosen to exemplify the changes in the concepts of healthy body.

Keywords: Women’s magazines; social representations; body; culture.
Does Mesh Application by Using Inside-Out and Outside-In Techniques during Transobturator Tape Surgery Change the Success?
Authors: YILDIZ Elif , TİMUR Burcu , DÖKTÜR Esra Nazlı , TİMUR Hakan
Published: March 2023

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transobturator tape (TOT) surgery, which is performed in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, using the inside-out or outside-in technique on the success of the surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty-five women diagnosed with SUI and for whom it was decided to perform TOT surgery were included in this prospective randomized study. Participants were divided into two groups, 32 women underwent TOT surgery using the inside-out technique and 33 women underwent TOT surgery using the outside-in technique. The surgical data of patients, the 3-month incidence of complications, pre-, and postoperative scores of the incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) were recorded. Objective, subjective, and inadequate treatment rates were determined for the evaluation of the success of the treatment. Results: When the two groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, body mass index, parity, menopause status, duration of incontinence, and preoperative IIQ-7 and ICIQ-SF scores. There were no statistically significant differences between surgical durations, length of hospital stay, early surgical complications, and postoperative 3rd month IIQ-7 and ICIQ-SF scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of objective, subjective, and inadequate treatment rates. Conclusion: TOT surgery is successful with both techniques in patients with SUI. Choosing the technique with which the surgeon is experienced and feels most confident will increase the success of TOT surgery regardless of the technique.
Sarcopenia: prevalence and its main risk factors in older women
Authors: Bogucka Aleksandra , Kopiczko Anna , Charzewska Jadwiga
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a major public health concern. It is defined as a progressive and gen­eralized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of falls, fractures, physical disability, and ultimately, premature death.  
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and determine the role of physical activity, nutrient intake, and selected risk factors for the development of sarcopenia in older women.  
Methods: The study involved 302 women aged ≥65 years (mean age: 72.1± 5.9 years). Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition, static muscle strength measurements, Timed Up and Go test, and the assessment of current physical activity using accelerometers were performed. Diets were assessed using the 24-h recall method from two non-consecutive days. The energy and nutrient content of diets was calculated using the computer program DIETA 6.  
Results: Sarcopenia was present in 28.8% of the women studied. The most important factor in the decrease in the risk of sarcopenia was protein intake ≥ 0.9 g/kg b.m. (OR=0.08;p<0.001), and physical activity ≥ 4000 steps/day. However, these results were not statistically significant (OR=0.58; p=0.08). Furthermore, the risk of developing sarcopenia increased as BMI (OR=1.36; p<0.001) or percent of body fat (OR=1.29; p<0.001) increased.
Trends in body size and prevalence of underweight and overweight in 7–9 year old children from eastern Poland between 2006 and 2021
Authors: Wasiluk Agnieszka , Bodasińska Anna , Saczuk Jerzy
Published: March 2023

Malnutrition and the overnutrition of children and adolescents is a severe problem in most countries. Aim of the study: Determination of fifteen-year changes in body height, and BMI in girls and boys living in towns and villages in eastern Polish voivodeships.
In 2006, 2016, and 2021 a study was conducted on children and adolescents living in the Podlaskie, Lubelskie, and Podkarpackie voivodeships (7048 girls and 7686 boys aged 7–9 years). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight measurements. In the calendar age groups, arithmetic means and dissemination measures for body height and BMI were calculated on particular time periods of the study. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was conducted using the ANOVA analysis of variance and the Newmann-Keuls test. From the research material, study participants exhibiting underweight, overweight and those falling within a normal range of weight-to-height proportions were selected taking into account places of residence (town, village). The statistical significance of the differences between the number of people classified into the above-described groups was determined using the χ² test.
In the analysed period in groups of girls, a systematic increase in body height was observed. However, in boys, such tendency was found only in rural residents. In the period of 2006–2016, greater changes in BMI were found in girls from rural areas and boys from cities. The opposite observation was recorded in the 2016–2021 period. In the years between 2006 and 2021, the incidence of both underweight and normal BMI decreased, while the incidence of overweight and obesity increased.
Our results indicate the need for conducting systematic research assessing the nutritional status of young people living in the Lubelskie and Podlaskie voivodships, as well as an in-depth analysis of the causes of malnutrition and undertaking educational activities.
Deutsche Phonetik aus studentischer Perspektive. Präsentation der Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter Germanistik-Studierenden der Adam-Mickiewicz-Universität Poznań
Authors: Woźniak Miłosz
Published: March 2023

Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter über 200 Germanistik-Studierenden der Adam-Mickiewicz-Universität Poznań zu diskutieren. Die Daten wurden im Zeitraum vom Dezember 2021 bis Februar 2022 mittels eines Online-Fragebogens erhoben. Die Studierenden verschiedener Semester wurden danach gefragt, wie sie un-terschiedliche phonetische Phänomene wie z. B. Vokale und Konsonanten, Wort- und Satz-akzent und Koartikulation wahrnehmen und ihre eigenen phonetischen Kompetenzen in diesen Bereichen einschätzen.
Nano- and microcapsules as drug-delivery systems
Authors: Koroleva Marina Y. , Bidanov Dmitry , Yurtov Evgeny
Published: March 2023

Preparation of nano- and micrometer-size capsules with lipid core might have several biomedical applications for delivery of lipophilic drugs. Successful usage of these nano- and microcarriers depends on their colloidal stability. Emulsion based carriers for drug delivery: nanoemulsions, colloidosomes, and solid lipid particles have been investigated in thiswork. Diameters of oil droplets in nanoemulsions are equal to 15 and 20 nm, howeverthey are not stable to phase separation. In spite of large droplet diameters (several tens of micrometer), colloidosomes stabilized by heteroaggregates of oppositely charged SiO2 nanoparticles are stable toward creaming. Paraffin emulsions stabilized by Carbopol 940 have particles 190 nm in size and are also stable to creaming during several months. Encapsulation of lipophilic drugs tocopherol, hydrocortisone, nimesulide or curcumin does not cause changing diameters of nanoemulsion based nanocapsules. Incorporation of these drugs in paraffin particles leads to decreased or increased particle sizes, but in all specimens the sizes are equal or less than 700 nm and such particles can be used as microcapsules for lipophilic drug delivery.
Biodegradation of malathion and evaluation of kinetic parameters using three bacterial species
Authors: Rai B. N. , Shukla A. K. , Kureel M. K. , Singh R. S. , Geed Sachin
Published: March 2023

Efficacy of three different bacterial species for biodegradation of malathion and its secondary products have been investigated. The concentration range of malathion under investigation was 25–200 mg·L−1. It has been observed that Pseudomonas putida was found to be most efficient for degradation of malathion. The removal of malathion was 72% at its concentration of 125 mg·L−1. The optimum parameters were studied for allthree bacterial species in batch mode. The average values of Ks and μmax were obtained for all these species for degradation of malathion. Results indicate that P. putida has high degradation potential than Rhodoccocus rhodochrous and Sphingomonas sp. The degradation of P. putida was maximum at concentration of 125 mg·L−1, pH and temperature at 7 ± 0.2, 80 °C respectively. Metabolites were obtained using GCMS analysis.