bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotubes-Based Nanomaterials and Their Agricultural and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Kim Hye-Been , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Lim Ki-Taek
Published: April 2020

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered a promising nanomaterial for diverse applications owing to their attractive physicochemical properties such as high surface area, superior mechanical and thermal strength, electrochemical activity, and so on. Different techniques like arc discharge, laser vaporization, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and vapor phase growth are explored for the synthesis of CNTs. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized CNTs are profoundly affected by the techniques used in the synthesis process. Here, we briefly described the standard methods applied in the synthesis of CNTs and their use in the agricultural and biotechnological fields. Notably, better seed germination or plant growth was noted in the presence of CNTs than the control. However, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. Significant improvements in the electrochemical performances have been observed in CNTs-doped electrodes than those of pure. CNTs or their derivatives are also utilized in wastewater treatment. The high surface area and the presence of different functional groups in the functionalized CNTs facilitate the better adsorption of toxic metal ions or other chemical moieties. CNTs or their derivatives can be applied for the storage of hydrogen as an energy source. It has been observed that the temperature widely influences the hydrogen storage ability of CNTs. This review paper highlighted some recent development on electrochemical platforms over single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), and nanocomposites as a promising biomaterial in the field of agriculture and biotechnology. It is possible to tune the properties of carbon-based nanomaterials by functionalization of their structure to use as an engineering toolkit for different applications, including agricultural and biotechnological fields.
Investigation on Mg3Sb2/Mg2Si Heterogeneous Nucleation Interface Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Zhang Guowei , Xu Hong , Fu Yizheng
Published: April 2020

In this study, the cohesive energy, interfacial energy, electronic structure, and bonding of Mg2Si (111)/Mg3Sb2 (0001) were investigated by using the first-principles method based on density functional theory. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the Mg3Sb2 heterogeneous nucleation potency on Mg2Si grains was revealed. The results indicated that the Mg3Sb2 (0001) slab and the Mg2Si (111) slab achieved bulk-like characteristics when the atomic layers N ≥ 11, and the work of adhesion of the hollow-site (HCP) stacking structure (the interfacial Sb atom located on top of the Si atom in the second layer of Mg2Si) was larger than that of the other stacking structures. For the four HCP stacking structures, the Sb-terminated Mg3Sb2/Si-terminated Mg2Si interface with a hollow site showed the largest work of adhesion and the smallest interfacial energy, which implied the strongest stability among 12 different interface models. In addition, the difference in the charge density and the partial density of states indicated that the electronic structure of the Si-HCP-Sb interface presented a strong covalent, and the bonding of the Si-HCP-Mg interface and the Mg-HCP-Sb interface was a mixture of a covalent bond and a metallic bond, while the Mg-HCP-Mg interfacial bonding corresponded to metallicity. As a result, the Mg2Si was conducive to form a nucleus on the Sb-terminated-hollow-site Mg3Sb2 (0001) surface, and the Mg3Sb2 particles promoted the Mg2Si heterogeneous nucleation, which was consistent with the experimental expectations.
Vitamin Derived Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Water
Authors: Sridhar Vadahanambi , Jung Kwang Hyo , Park Hyun
Published: April 2020

Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) that were prepared by simple microwave pyrolysis of Niacin (Vitamin B3) as noble metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is reported. Our newly developed technique has the distinct features of sustainable and widely available niacin as a bi-functional source of both carbon and nitrogen, whereas the iron catalyst is cheap and the fourth most common element in the Earth’s crust. The results of the electrochemical tests show that our newly developed iron impregnated NCNT anchored on reduced graphene substrate (Fe@NCNT-rGO) catalyst exhibit: a positive half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.75 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), four-electron pathway, and better methanol tolerance when compared to commercial 20% Pt/C. When applied as adsorbent for arsenic removal, our newly discovered NCNT-Fe illustrate the efficient and effective removal of arsenic across a wide range of pH values.
In Vitro Generation of Novel Functionalized Biomaterials for Use in Oral and Dental Regenerative Medicine Applications
Authors: Blanco-Elices Cristina , España-Guerrero Enrique , Mateu-Sanz Miguel , Sánchez-Porras David , García-García Óscar , Sánchez-Quevedo María , Fernández-Valadés Ricardo , Alaminos Miguel , Martín-Piedra Miguel , Garzón Ingrid
Published: April 2020

Recent advances in tissue engineering offer innovative clinical alternatives in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering combines human cells with compatible biomaterials to induce tissue regeneration. Shortening the fabrication time of biomaterials used in tissue engineering will contribute to treatment improvement, and biomaterial functionalization can be exploited to enhance scaffold properties. In this work, we have tested an alternative biofabrication method by directly including human oral mucosa tissue explants within the biomaterial for the generation of human bioengineered mouth and dental tissues for use in tissue engineering. To achieve this, acellular fibrin–agarose scaffolds (AFAS), non-functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (n-FAOM), and novel functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (F-FAOM) were developed and analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of in vitro development to determine extracellular matrix components as compared to native oral mucosa controls by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrate that functionalization speeds up the biofabrication method and contributes to improve the biomimetic characteristics of the scaffold in terms of extracellular matrix components and reduce the time required for in vitro tissue development.
A Comparative Study on the Thermal Energy Storage Performance of Bio-Based and Paraffin-Based PCMs Using DSC Procedures
Authors: Nazari Sam Mona , Caggiano Antonio , Mankel Christoph , Koenders Eddie
Published: April 2020

Thermal-Energy Storage (TES) properties of organic phase change materials have been experimentally investigated and reported in this paper. Three paraffin-based Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and one bio-based PCM are considered with melting temperatures of 24 °C, 25 °C and 26 °C. Sensible heat storage capacities, melting characteristics and latent heat enthalpies of the studied PCMs are investigated through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Two alternative methods, namely the classical dynamic DSC and a stepwise approach, are performed and compared with the aim to eliminate and/or overcome possible measurement errors. In particular, for DSC measurements this could be related to the size of the samples and its representativity, heating rate effects and low thermal conductivity of the PCMs, which may affect the results and possibly cause a loss of objectivity of the measurements. Based on results achieved from this study, clear information can be figured out on how to conduct and characterize paraffin and bio-based PCMs, and how to apply them in TES calculations for building applications and/or simulations. It is observed that both paraffinic and bio-based PCMs possess a comparable TES capacity within the selected phase transition temperature, being representative for the human thermal comfort zone. The phase change of bio-based PCMs occurred over a much narrower temperature range when compared to the wider windows characterizing the paraffin-based materials. Bio-based PCMs turned out to be very suitable for building applications and can be an environmentally friendly substitute for petroleum-based PCMs.
Design and Fabrication of Optical Flow Cell for Multiplex Detection of β-lactamase in Microchannels
Authors: Hassan Sammer-ul , Zhang Xunli
Published: April 2020

Miniaturized quantitative assays offer multiplexing capability in a microfluidic device for high-throughput applications such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) studies. The detection of these multiple microchannels in a single microfluidic device becomes crucial for point-of-care (POC) testing and clinical diagnostics. This paper showcases an optical flow cell for detection of parallel microchannels in a microfluidic chip. The flow cell operates by measuring the light intensity from the microchannels based on Beer-Lambert law in a linearly moving chip. While this platform could be tailored for a wide variety of applications, here we show the design, fabrication and working principle of the device. β-lactamase, an indicator of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, especially in milk, is shown as an example. The flow cell has a small footprint and uses low-powered, low-cost components, which makes it ideally suited for use in portable devices that require multiple sample detection in a single chip.
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia during the Olympus Marathon Ultra-Endurance Trail Run
Authors: Arnaoutis Giannis , Anastasiou Costas A. , Suh HyunGyu , Maraki Maria , Tsekouras Yiannis , Dimitroulis Emmanouel , Echegaray Marcos , Papamichalopoulou Dimitra , Methenitis Spyridon , Sidossis Labros S. , Kavouras Stavros A.
Published: April 2020

Research on hyponatremia during mountain marathons is scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia during a 44-km trail running race that reached an altitude of 2780 m (Olympus Marathon). Sixty-two runners (five women) who completed the race participated in the study (age: 34.4 ± 8.6 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; and weight: 75.3 ± 10.0 kg). Anthropometric characteristics, blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-race. Food and fluid intake were recorded at each checkpoint. Due to race regulations, the runners could not carry any additional food and fluids besides the ones provided at specific checkpoints. Five runners (8%) exhibited asymptomatic hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mmol∙L−1). Serum sodium in the hyponatremic runners decreased from 138.4 ± 0.9 (pre) to 131.4 ± 5.0 mmol∙L−1 (post), p < 0.05. Plasma osmolality increased only in the eunatremic runners (pre: 290 ± 3; post: 295 ± 6 mmol∙kg−1; p < 0.05). Plasma volume decreased more in the hyponatremic compared to eunatremic runners (−4.4 ± 2.0 vs. −3.2 ± 1.4%, p < 0.05). Lastly, dietary sodium intake was lower in the hyponatremic runners compared to eunatremic (789 ± 813 vs. 906 ± 672 mg; p < 0.05). The incidence of hyponatremia among the athletes was relatively low, possibly due to race conditions.
Effects of Shift Work on the Eating Behavior of Police Officers on Patrol
Authors: Kosmadopoulos Anastasi , Kervezee Laura , Boudreau Philippe , Gonzales-Aste Fernando , Vujovic Nina , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Boivin Diane B.
Published: April 2020

Recent studies indicate that the timing of food intake can significantly affect metabolism and weight management. Workers operating at atypical times of the 24-h day are at risk of disturbed feeding patterns. Given the increased risk of weight gain, obesity and metabolic syndrome in shift working populations, further research is required to understand whether their eating behavior could contribute to these increased metabolic risks. The objective of this study was to characterize the dietary patterns of police officers across different types of shifts in their natural environments. Thirty-one police officers (six women; aged 32.1 ± 5.4 years, mean ± SD) from the province of Quebec, Canada, participated in a 28- to 35-day study, comprising 9- to 12-h morning, evening, and night shifts alternating with rest days. Sleep and work patterns were recorded with actigraphy and diaries. For at least 24 h during each type of work day and rest day, participants logged nutrient intake by timestamped photographs on smartphones. Macronutrient composition and caloric content were estimated by registered dieticians using the Nutrition Data System for Research database. Data were analyzed with linear mixed effects models and circular ANOVA. More calories were consumed relative to individual metabolic requirements on rest days than both evening- and night-shift days (p = 0.001), largely sourced from increased fat (p = 0.004) and carbohydrate (trend, p = 0.064) intake. Regardless, the proportions of calories from carbohydrates, fat, and protein did not differ significantly between days. More calories were consumed during the night, between 2300 h and 0600 h, on night-shift days than any other days (p < 0.001). Caloric intake occurred significantly later for night-shift days (2308 h ± 0114 h, circular mean ± SD) than for rest days (1525 h ± 0029 h; p < 0.01) and was dispersed across a longer eating window (13.9 h ± 3.1 h vs. 11.3 h ± 1.8 h, mean ± SD). As macronutrient proportions were similar and caloric intake was lower, the finding of later meals times on night-shift days versus rest days is consistent with emerging hypotheses that implicate the biological timing of food intake—rather than its quantity or composition—as the differentiating dietary factor in shift worker health.
Die Another Way: Interplay between Influenza A Virus, Inflammation and Cell Death
Authors: Laghlali Gabriel , Lawlor Kate E. , Tate Michelle D.
Published: April 2020

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major concern to human health due to the ongoing global threat of a pandemic. Inflammatory and cell death signalling pathways play important roles in host defence against IAV infection. However, severe IAV infections in humans are characterised by excessive inflammation and tissue damage, often leading to fatal disease. While the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of inflammation during IAV infection have been well studied, the pathways involved in IAV-induced cell death and their impact on immunopathology have not been fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence of significant crosstalk between cell death and inflammatory pathways and a greater understanding of their role in host defence and disease may facilitate the design of new treatments for IAV infection.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) PADA MATERI PELUANG KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 21 MEDAN
Authors: Indryani Indryani , Suwanto Suwanto
Published: April 2020

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), dengan bertujuan melihat kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dan hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) di kelas XI IPA -1 SMA Negeri 21 Medan serta subjek penelitian berjumlah siswa 35 orang. Pada awal penelitian dilakukan observasi dahulu untuk mengetahui kelemahan-kelamahan siswa dan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi pada saat KBM berlangsung. Selain data kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika yang dianalisis, aktivitas belajar siswa juga di analisis dan diperoleh pengamatan pada siklus I; menulis/membaca (35,67%), mengerjakan LKS (23,33%), bertanya kepada sesama teman (22%), bertanya guru (12,33%), dan aktivitas yang tidak relevan dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar (6,67%). Pada siklus II diperoleh menulis/membaca (28,3%), mengerjakan LKS (28%), bertanya kepada sesama teman (24%), bertanya guru (18,7%), dan aktivitas yang tidak relevan dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar (1%). Hasil untuk ketuntasn klasikal diperoleh Pada siklus I sebesar 62,9%, namun pada siklus II sebesar 85,7%.
Alterações Posturais na Doença de Parkinson
Authors: Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães
Published: April 2020

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«ЛИЧНАЯ ОБОЧИНА ОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ»: ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОЗЫ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ В.В. НАБОКОВА
Authors: STEPANOVA Nadezhda , PETRUKHINA Natalya
Published: April 2020

Статья посвящена изучению автобиографической прозы первой волны русской эмиграции в контексте исследования особенностей структуры автобиографии В.В. Набокова «Другие берега», центрирующей исключительную ценность, богатство и неповторимое своеобразие внутреннего мира человека в его нравственном становлении на «пути жизни». Изучение мемуарно-автобиографической литературы рассматриваемого периода выстраивается в системе продолжения лучших традиций русской классической литературы и определяет принцип «верности традиционным началам национальной культуры», что обуславливает не только место и значение литературы русского зарубежья, но и маркирует авторские позиции, позволяющие объединиться в осознании своей исторической миссии. Это обуславливает значимость и доминантное положение имени писателя В.В. Набокова, сохраняющего уходящую Россию в художественном слове, сберегающего национальные культурные традиции.
Цель и задачи исследования — определить и изучить особенности автобиографического текста В.В. Набокова; рассмотреть процесс превращения индивидуального опыта и миропонимания в художественную реальность литературного произведения; изучить и охарактеризовать автобиографическую прозу писателя с учетом развития культурной ситуации в XX веке; прояснить вопросы отношения к художественным традициям и новаторству, выявить новые тенденции, определившие особенности структуры художественного пространства автобиографии писателя в аспекте переплетения собственно автобиографии с воспоминаниями.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME VIRULENCE FACTORS AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTRIZATION OF Escherichia.coli ISOLATES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND THE COMMENSAL GUT MICROBIOTA
Authors: & et al. Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Variety of virulence factors are involved in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolates, the common cause of the urinary tract infections.(UTIs). This study was aimed.to determine some virulence factors.involved in the pathogenicity.and the phylogenetic.grouping of uropathogenic E. coli isolates.from UTIs in compare.with isolates.from gut.microbiota (fecal flora) In.this study ,E coli isolates  were collected from  samples .urine (n = 25), fecal samples (n = 25) samples of  the same patients with UTI, and from fecal samples (n= 5 as control )of patients without UTI. The detection of phylogenetic grouping and some virulence genes among the all isolates were confirmed by PCR technique. The results.showed that.phylogenetic groups B2,B1(36%) and D (28%) were predominated.among uropathogenic E.coli  in comparison with group A (8%) ,whereas in .commensal isolates.groups B1(36%), B2(32%) ,D (28%) were.more prevalent in compare.with group A (4%).The prevalence.of cnf1 and fimH .genes were higher in.UPEC in comparsion with.commensal isolates. However, the.prevalence of kpsMT II gene.was similar among.both groups, while hlyA gene was.higher in fecal.isolates. According to this results., microbiota may considered the main source of UPEC bacteria.
Mutations in the cytomegalovirus UL97 gene associated with ganciclovir resistance in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants
Authors: Demin Mikhail V. , Tikhomirov D.S. , Biderman B.V. , Glinshchikova O.A. , Drokov M.Yu. , Sudarikov A.B. , Tupoleva T.A. , Filatov F.P.
Published: April 2020

Objective.

To identify mutations in UL97 gene associated with antiviral drug resistance in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplants (allo-HSCT).
Materials and Methods.

A total of 9 HCMV DNA samples were studied. These samples were received from the blood of 8 allo-HSCT recipients who were infected with HCMV and undergoing treatment at NMRC of Hematology (Russia) over the period of 2016 to 2017. Sanger sequencing was used to find mutations. The sequenced part of the virus DNA was analyzed using nucleotide BLAST and Genome compiler. Mutations were identified using MRA program which compared the obtained nucleotide sequence with the reference sequence of UL97 gene from Merlin strain.
Results.

Rate of detection of viruses with mutations that may lead to drug resistance is relatively high – 3 of 8 patients. The following mutations were identified: C592G, C607F and C603W. The obtained data shows that the presence and characteristics of mutations affect the viral load and the time when HCMV DNA is identified in blood.
Conclusions.

Obtained data show that presence of mutations impacts the course infection, leading to higher viral load and longer persistence of viral DNA in blood samples. Identified mutations had different resistance factor, which also impacted on the pattern of infection.
Diabetic Foot Infection, Biofilm & New Management Strategy
Authors: MG Ruke , J Savai
Published: April 2020

The world is facing a major epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) & available reports suggest that all these patients are at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Approximately 50 – 60% of all DFUs can be classified as neuropathic. Signs or symptoms of vascular compromise are observed in 40 to 50% of all patients with the vast majority having neuro-ischemic ulcers, and only a minority of patients has purely ischemic ulcers. Diabetic foot infections are usually polymicrobial in nature, involving both aerobes and anaerobes, which can decay any part of the body especially the distal part of the lower leg. However, one of the hidden barriers to wound healing is the presence of biofilm in chronic DFUs. Biofilms are difficult to identify & diagnose, recalcitrant to topical antibiotics & can reoccur even after sharp debridement. More than 90% of chronic wounds are complicated with biofilms. Hence, early identification and management of diabetic foot infections becomes imperative in order to prevent complications & amputation. Debridement is considered to be the gold standard treatment approach for managing DFU manifested with necrotic tissue. However, biofilm can reform even after sharp debridement and can delay healing & recovery. Also, antibiotics & few antiseptics have limited role in managing DFUs complicated with biofilm. Until recently, Cadexomer iodine, a new generation iodine formulation with microbead technology has taken a different profile in wound care. It can effectively manage biofilm along with exudate & possesses superior desloughing action. Additionally, appropriate ways of offloading, dressings & use of newer treatment strategies like negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and / or use of growth factors can ensure faster healing & early wound closure. Although, commendable efforts in recent years have been taken in the diagnosis and treatment of DFU, it still remains a major public health concern.
Biosimilars: The Process & Quality System Approach to Clinical Applications
Authors: KJ Aziz
Published: April 2020

Biosimilar medicines are highly similar to FDA approved reference biologics. The sponsor’s intended use claim plays an important role in the use of biosimilar medicines in specialty therapy categories such as immunology, endocrinology, oncology. The new biosimilar products approved by the FDA, play a pivotal role in the clinical treatments of patients suffering from life-threatening diseases such as cardiac myopathies, carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma. The US biosimilar approval process requires a thorough characterization of the new biosimilars with a clinically meaningful outcome. Sponsors of new biosimilars follow the appropriate ICH guidelines in regard to clinical PK/PD, safety and efficacy studies. The FDA guidances for extrapolation and interchangeability state that data derived from clinical studies should be adequate to demonstrate purity, potency, safety and the intended clinical use of the new biosimilar in comparison to previously approved licensed biologics. This article emphasizes the FDA’s quality system approach to the design of studies for clinical applications for designated specialty therapy categories.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PEDAGANG SAYUR KELILING DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Wardhani Yustiana , Prasetya Syarief Gerald , Ari Dharmantyo Dimas
Published: April 2020

Abstrak - Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji hubungan tingkat pendapatan dengan jam kerja  dan mengetahui pengaruh  umur, masa kerja dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga terhadap jam kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey , objek dalam penelitian ini pedagang sayur keliling dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang. Teknik analisis data tabulasi silang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jam kerja memiliki hubungan positif signifikan dengan pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih pedagang sayur keliling. Kemudian diperoleh pula bahwa usia, masa kerja dan tanggungan keluarga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jam kerja pedagang sayur keliling. Saran yang peneliti berikan antara lain sebaiknya pedagang sayur keliling dapat memanfaatkan waktu kerja seefektif mungkin, perlunya Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bogor mengambil kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan pedagang sayur keliling dan perlunya melakukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam lagi tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan dan jam kerja.

Abstract - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of income and the hours of traveling vegetable traders and the influence of age, years of service and the number of family dependents on the hours of traveling vegetable traders. The research method used was a survey method with cross tabulation data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study found that working hours have a significant positive relationship with gross income and net income of traveling vegetable traders. Then it was also found that age, years of service and family dependents significantly affected the hours of the traveling vegetable traders. Suggestions given by researchers include among others that itinerant vegetable traders can utilize work time as effectively as possible, the need for the Bogor City Government to adopt policies related to improving the welfare of mobile vegetable traders and the need to conduct more in-depth research on the factors that affect income and working hours.
Correlation between BCG Immunization Status and The Incidence of Tuberculosis among Children
Authors: Nisa Annisa , Hamdanah Ulfa , Ariyani Anita Dwi
Published: April 2020

Introduction: A children tend to have a high risk on the tuberculosis (TB) infection. BCG immunization is well known as effective way to protect the children from the infection of TB bacteria. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate a correlation between BCG immunization status and the incidence of tuberculosis among children.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study design was used. In total 34 children, whose aged between 1 to 12 years old and visited Wonorejo Primary Health Center between September, 12nd to 16th 2019 recruited as study participant. The Chi-square test was used in this study.

Results: There was a significant correlation between BCG immunization status and the incidence of tuberculosis among children with P value = .008, < .05.

Conclusion: Among five from six children who did not received the BCG immunization were suffered with TB bacteria infection.
EFEKTIVITAS TUTORIAL PENYELESAIAN SOAL UJIAN NASIONAL TERHADAP HASIL UJIAN NASIONAL MATEMATIKA
Authors: Fedi Sebastianus , Kurnila Valeria Suryani
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas bimbingan persiapan UN terhadap hasil UN matematika di SMP Bintang Timur Ruteng. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen pada sampel tunggal. Populasi penelitian adalah 32 siswa peserta UN asal SMP Swasta Bintang Timur, tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Sampling bersifat jenuh, di mana seluruh 32 anggota populasi dilibatkan sebagai sampel.  Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan uji , di mana  vs  Nilai  adalah nilai rataan UN matematika SMP Swasta Bintang Timur tahun ajaran 2016/2017, dengan varians 53,67; yang dipakai sebagai nilai acuan untuk membandingkan efek bimbingan khusus UN terhadap hasil UN tahun berikutnya, yaitu tahun 2017/2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rataan UN tahun 2017/2018 adalah 50,39 dengan varians 234,42. Diperoleh statistik  sedangkan . Sehingga  ditolak, tetapi  diterima. Artinya, ada pengaruh positif dan sangat signifikan bimbingan khusus terhadap hasil UN matematika. Dalam hal ini, bimbingan khusus penyelesaian soal UN efektif meningkatkan hasil UN matematika di SMP Bintang Timur Ruteng.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using MODIS Image Data
Authors: Mustafa Yaseen
Published: April 2020

The rapidly and wide use of remote sensing and accurately obtain information on the spatiotemporal distribution of large-scale vegetation is of great significance for improving and managing the Environment. To assess and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation status in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRGI), we used time series NDVI-based vegetation that are extracted from MOD13Q1 MODIS product over 20 years (2000 - 2019). The results showed that vegetation was mainly distributed in the north-east to south-east of the KRGI, while west region has less distributed and almost no vegetation. This is clearly remarkable in the south-west part of the region (Garmian administration). While, the most dominated vegetation province was Duhok province in KRGI during study period. There is a noticeable temporal variation in vegetation over a period of 20-year in the KRGI. The lower vegetated cover area is observed in the years 2000, 2008, and 2009. The increase/decrease of vegetated cover area is not only effected by climate conditions. The anthropogenic resource is also one of the main resources that has a major influence on the increase/decrease of vegetation.
Polarization Constraints on the Geometry of the Magnetic Field in the External Shock of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Stringer Eric , Lazzati Davide
Published: April 2020

We study the ensemble of linear polarization measurements in the optical afterglows of long-duration gamma-ray bursts. We assume a non-sideways-expanding top-hat jet geometry and use the relatively large number of measurements under the assumption that they represent a statistically unbiased sample. This allows us to constrain the ratio between the maximum predicted polarization and the measured one, which is an indicator of the geometry of the magnetic field in the downstream region of the external shock. We find that the measured polarization is substantially suppressed with respect to the maximum possible for either a completely ordered magnetic field parallel to the shock normal or to a field that is entirely contained in the shock plane. The measured polarization is limited, on average, to between 25% and 30% of the maximum theoretically possible value. This reduction requires the perpendicular component of the magnetic field to be dominant in energy with respect to the component parallel to the shock front, as expected for a shock-generated and/or shock-compressed field. We find, however, that the data only marginally support the assumption of a simple top-hat jet, pointing toward a more complex geometry for the outflow.
Formation of Post-CME Blobs Observed by LASCO-C2 and K-Cor on 2017 September 10
Authors: Lee Jae-Ok , Cho Kyung-Suk , Lee Kyoung-Sun , Cho Il-Hyun , Lee Junggi , Miyashita Yukinaga , Kim Yeon-Han , Kim Rok-Soon , Jang Soojeong
Published: April 2020

Understanding the formation of post-CME blobs, we investigate 2 blobs in the outer corona observed by LASCO-C2 and 34 blobs in the inner corona by K-Cor on 2017 September 10 from 17:11 to 18:58 UT. By visual inspection of the structure of a post-CME current sheet (CS) and its associated blobs, we find that the CS is well identified in the K-Cor and its radial lengths are nine times longer than lateral widths, indicating the CS is unstable to the linear tearing mode. The inner corona blobs can be classified into two groups: 27 blobs generated in the middle of the CS (Group 1) and 7 blobs occurred above the tips of it (Group 2). Their lateral widths are

and

, which is smaller than, or similar to, those

of the CS. They have elongated shapes: ratios of lateral to radial widths are

and

, respectively. In the first group, only three blobs propagate above the tip of the CS while the others are located in the CS. In the second group, only two blobs have associations with those of outer corona in their temporal and spatial relationship and their initial heights are 1.81 and 1.95 R
☉, measured from the center of the Sun. The others cannot be identified in the outer corona. Our results first demonstrate that LASCO-C2 blobs could be generated by the tearing mode instability near the tips of post-CME CSs, similar to the magnetic reconnection process in the tail CS of Earth's magnetosphere.
Distortion of Magnetic Fields in BHR 71
Authors: Kandori Ryo , Tamura Motohide , Saito Masao , Tomisaka Kohji , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tazaki Ryo , Nagata Tetsuya , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Nakajima Yasushi , Kwon Jungmi , Nagayama Takahiro , Tatematsu Ken’ichi
Published: April 2020

The magnetic field structure of a star-forming Bok globule BHR 71 was determined based on near-infrared polarimetric observations of background stars. The magnetic field in BHR 71 was mapped from 25 stars. By using a simple 2D parabolic function, the plane-of-sky magnetic axis of the core was found to be θ
mag = 125° ± 11°. The plane-of-sky mean magnetic field strength of BHR 71 was found to be B
pos = 8.8–15.0 μG, indicating that the BHR 71 core is magnetically supercritical with λ = 1.44–2.43. Taking into account the effect of thermal/turbulent pressure and the plane-of-sky magnetic field component, the critical mass of BHR 71 was M
cr = 14.5–18.7 M
⊙, which is consistent with the observed core mass of M
core ≈ 14.7 M
⊙. We conclude that BHR 71 is in a condition close to a kinematically critical state, and the magnetic field direction lies close to the plane of sky. Since BHR 71 is a star-forming core, a significantly subcritical condition (i.e., the magnetic field direction deviating from the plane of sky) is unlikely, and collapsed from a condition close to a kinematically critical state. There are two possible scenarios to explain the curved magnetic fields of BHR 71, one is an hourglass-like field structure due to mass accumulation and the other is the Inoue & Fukui mechanism, which proposes the interaction of the core with a shock wave to create curved magnetic fields wrapping around the core.
Exploratory Surveys of Migratory Birds Breeding in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic 2005–2011
Authors: Garrettson Pamela R. , Kruse Kammie L. , Moser Timothy J. , Groves Deborah J.
Published: April 2020

The Canadian Arctic and subarctic are the primary breeding areas of many species of North American water and land birds. Because of the remote location and the logistical difficulties of working there, wildlife biologists have not systematically surveyed most important areas for wildlife, nor have they surveyed these areas very frequently. During the summers of 2005–2011, various Joint Ventures, and U.S., Canadian, and state wildlife agencies and other partners funded exploratory fixed-wing aircraft surveys of migratory birds (excluding passerines and shorebirds) in important habitats in Canada's western and central Arctic. Our objectives were to provide access to the complete survey dataset (all bird and mammal observations and associated location data) and summarize information on several species. Thus, we produced maps of average relative density and estimates of abundance in the survey area for cackling geese Branta hutchinsii, greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons, tundra swans Cygnus columbianus, king eiders Somateria spectabilis, long-tailed ducks Clangula hyemalis, white-winged Melanitta fusca and surf Melanitta perspicillatas scoters, and yellow-billed Gavia adamsii, red-throated Gavia stellata, and Pacific Gavia pacifica loons. We reviewed previous survey efforts in the area and, where possible, compared them with our results.
DEFORMATION INDEX APPLIED TO IMPACT
Authors: Ransom T. C. , Gamache R. M. , Mason B. P. , Ladouceur H. D. , Roland C. M.
Published: April 2020

Almost three decades ago, S. Futamura devised the deformation index concept for determining the control parameter for the viscoelastic response of deformed elastomers. We have extended this concept to impact mitigation, wherein material hardness and energy dissipation typically both affect the behavior. Laboratory impact tests were carried out on a series of compounds to deduce the deformation index pertinent to the rubber component. We then analyzed ballistic experiments, wherein material failure is associated with more complex conditions. The utility and limitations of this approach are discussed.
Representar el texto teatral: director/académico
Authors: Benabu Isaac
Published: April 2020

Leer una obra de teatro para llegar a comprender las claves dramáticas que la definen como tal requiere un tipo de lectura, sea en el teatro que en la universidad, que dé a la palabra enunciada un valor que la palabra escrita no logra comunicar. La aproximación recomendada en este artículo se basa sobre la lectura teatral, es decir la lectura que se realiza generalmente al ensayar una obra para representarla sobre las tablas; no se refiere aquí a la lectura del director, sino a una lectura que desentrañe del texto escrito o impreso el uso que el dramaturgo ha hecho de la palabra para codificar su visualización de cómo ha de realizarse la representación de su texto.
Amyand’s hernia associated with acute appendicitis
Authors: Nogarotto Cembraneli Pedro , Brasileiro de Faria Cavalcante Julia , Brasileiro de Faria Cavalcante Renata , Ambrogi Gabriel , Edison da Silva Cavalcante JosA
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Amyand’s hernia (AH), a rare form of inguinal hernia, is characterized by finding the cecal appendix within the hernial sac. It is observed in 0.4–0.6% of inguinal hernias and complications such as acute appendicitis or perforated appendicitis can occur in 0.1% of the cases. The diagnosis is most often performed intraoperatively and its classification and management depend on the degree of appendix involvement.

Case Report: A 53-year-old male patient presenting with right iliac fossa pain for two days associated with a mass in the right inguinal region. Physical examination revealed an irreducible right inguinal hernia, leading to the diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia. Surgical treatment was proposed and performed. It evidenced the presence of the cecal appendix within the hernial sac with clear signs of inflammation (type II of the Losanoff and Basson classification). The cecal appendix was reduced, an appendectomy was performed via McBurney incision, and the right inguinal abdominal wall was repaired with no need for prosthetic mesh.

Conclusion: Although AH is a rare condition, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses in cases of pain in the iliac fossa, inguinal swelling, and signs of infection.
THE PATTERN OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EMOTIONAL STIMULATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC STUTTERING
Authors: Humeniuk Ewa , Tarkowski Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

The aim of the research was to identify the pattern of psycho - physiological response to emotional stimulation in adults with chronic stuttering.

The need to tell a lie functioned as emotional stimulation. Reaction to the stimulus was defined as the change of electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate (HR), thoracic breathing (TB), diaphragmatic breathing (DB) and respiratory rate (RR) observed 10 seconds before and after the emotional stimulation. Reactions were recorded using Professional Computer Polygraph PIK-02 manufactured by Areopag-Center. The subject group included 68 persons with chronic stuttering (PWS) (24 women and 44 men) as well as 62 healthy nonstuttering persons (PWNS) (18 women and 44 men).

Adult patients with chronic stuttering were observed to increase the amplitude and reaction field as well as reduce the EDA latency. The researchers also noticed both increased HR and the range of its changes. Respiratory reactions included a lower amplitude of TB, higher increase and major changes within DB as well as minor changes in RR.

Adult patients with chronic stuttering display a unique pattern of psychophysiological response to emotional stimulation, which is different from the one found in the control group.
Reform des juristischen Ausbildungssystems in Japan
Authors: Tokumoto Hirotaka
Published: April 2020

In dem Beitrag werden aktuelle Reformen des Law School-Systems in Japan vorgestellt. Lange Zeit hat die japanische Juristenausbildung in der Kritik gestanden. Vor allem die geringe Erfolgsquote im japanischen Staatsexamen und rückläufigen Studierendenzahlen wurden bemängelt. Ob und inwieweit die darauf bezogenen Reformen geeignet sind, die Probleme zu beheben und die Juristenausbildung insgesamt zu verbessern, wird kritisch diskutiert.
The Relationship Between Perceived Burdensomeness and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Mediating Role of Pain Self-Efficacy
Authors: Sadri Damirchi Esmaeil , Dargahi Shahriar , Ayadi Nader , Fathi Davod
Published: April 2020

Background: The majority of patients living with chronic pain faces several challenges; therefore, factors affecting their adaptation to the disease to provide appropriate therapeutic methods and meditation and relaxation therapy should be identified. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and psychosocial adjustment, and the mediating role of pain self-efficacy. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 240 patients with chronic pain referred to the orthopedic centers in Ardabil in 2019 selected by convenience sampling. Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire were used for data collection. Also, Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS V. 19 and AMOS V. 21. Results: The findings confirmed the negative and direct effect of perceived burdensomeness (β = -0.11 and P < 0.01), as well as the positive and direct effect of pain self-efficacy (β = 0.86 and P < 0.01) on psychosocial adjustment. On the other hand, perceived burdensomeness (β = -0.32, P < 0.01) had a negative and direct effect on pain self-efficacy. The indirect effect of perceived burdensomeness and pain self-efficacy on psychosocial adjustment to illness was also confirmed. Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the feelings of pain self-efficacy mediate the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and psychosocial adjustment in patients with chronic pain. That can also be important for the patient and their caregivers in relation to other chronic illnesses. Chronic diseases can also affect patients and their caregivers.
Review of Emerging Potassium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ding Jia , Zhang Hao , Fan Wenjie , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin , Mitlin David
Published: April 2020

This is the first review on potassium–sulfur (K–S) batteries (KSBs), which are emerging metal battery (MB) systems. Since KSBs are quite new, there are fundamental questions regarding the electrochemistry of S‐based cathode and of K metal anode, as well as the holistic aspects of full‐cell performance. The manuscript begins with a critical discussion regarding the potassium–sulfur electrochemistry and on how it differs from the much better‐known lithium–sulfur. Cathodes are discussed next, focusing on the role of sulfur structure, carbon host chemistry and porosity, and electrolytes in establishing the reversible potassium sulfide K2Sn phase sequence, the parasitic polysulfide shuttle, pulverization‐driven capacity fade, etc. Following is a discussion of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), including of hybrid solid–liquid systems that show much promise. Potassium metal anodes are then critically reviewed, emphasizing electrolyte reactions to form stable versus unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), covering the current understanding of potassium dendrites, and highlighting the deep‐eutectic K–Na alloying approaches for room temperature liquid anodes. The manuscript concludes with K–S batteries, focusing on cell architectures and providing quantitative performance comparisons as master plots. Unanswered scientific/technological questions are identified, emerging research opportunities are discussed, and potential experimental and simulation‐based studies that can unravel these unknowns are proposed.
Flexible Temperature‐Invariant Polymer Dielectrics with Large Bandgap
Authors: Wu Chao , Deshmukh Ajinkya A. , Li Zongze , Chen Lihua , Alamri Abdullah , Wang Yifei , Ramprasad Rampi , Sotzing Gregory A. , Cao Yang
Published: April 2020

Flexible dielectrics operable under simultaneous electric and thermal extremes are critical to advanced electronics for ultrahigh densities and/or harsh conditions. However, conventional high‐performance polymer dielectrics generally have conjugated aromatic backbones, leading to limited bandgaps and hence high conduction loss and poor energy densities, especially at elevated temperatures. A polyoxafluoronorbornene is reported, which has a key design feature in that it is a polyolefin consisting of repeating units of fairly rigid fused bicyclic structures and alkenes separated by freely rotating single bonds, endowing it with a large bandgap of ≈5 eV and flexibility, while being temperature‐invariantly stable over −160 to 160 °C. At 150 °C, the polyoxafluoronorbornene exhibits an electrical conductivity two orders of magnitude lower than the best commercial high‐temperature polymers, and features an unprecedented discharged energy density of 5.7 J cm−3 far outperforming the best reported flexible dielectrics. The design strategy uncovered in this work reveals a hitherto unexplored space for the design of scalable and efficient polymer dielectrics for electrical power and electronic systems under concurrent harsh electrical and thermal conditions.
On‐Chip Measurement of Photoluminescence with High Sensitivity Monolithic Spectrometer
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Li Lingfei , Wang Junzhuan , Zhuge Minghua , Su Xin , Xu Yang , Yang Qing , Shi Yi , Wang Xiaomu
Published: April 2020

Monolithic spectrometer is exceptionally attractive to enable compact, low‐cost spectroscopy for portable sensing and lab‐on‐a‐chip functionality. Unfortunately, simple down‐scaling of the microspectrometer size to the chip‐scale severely weakens light–matter interactions and degrades the sensor performance to unacceptable level. Unlike other state‐of‐the‐art miniature spectral splitting filters or photonic structures, bandgap‐graded nanowire strongly enhances the light‐matter interaction, which is a highly demanded yet unfulfilled feature for high‐precision on‐chip sensing. Here, on‐chip measurement of photoluminescence by a monolithic spectrometer made of a single composition‐graded CdSxSe1–x nanowire is reported. The nanowire is engineered to a waveguide‐mode‐operated, dispersive photodiode array. It works as a monolithic spectrometer chip with strong light–matter interaction and superior noise figure. On‐chip measurement of single‐point photoluminescence signals with 1013 Jones room‐temperature detectivity and 5 nm spectral resolution is illustrated. This demonstration of a compact, low‐cost, and high‐performance miniature spectrometer marks a major step towards on‐chip spectroscopy for fine resolution and sensitive detection.