bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higher Education, State and Society
Authors: Yang Lili
Published: August 2022

In this monograph, Lili Yang compares core ideas about the state, society, and higher education in two major world traditions. She explores the broad cultural and philosophical ideas underlying the public good of higher education in the two traditions, reveals their different social imaginaries, and works through five areas where higher education intersects with the individual, society, the state, and the world, intersections understood in contrasting ways in each tradition. The five key themes are: individual student development in higher education, equity in higher education, academic freedom and university autonomy, the resources and outcomes of higher education, and cross-border higher education activities and higher education’s global outcomes. In exploring the similarities, Yang highlights important meeting points between the two world views, with the potential to contribute to the mutual understanding and cooperation across cultures.
Postmodernism and Society
Authors: Boyne Roy , Rattansi Ali
Published: August 2022

Neither a manifesto nor a one-sided critique, this new book introduces a number of original essays exploring various aspects of that contemporary cultural phenomenon named postmodernism. These essays are prefaced by an introductory essay which sets out the major lines of a debate which is about nothing less than the current shape and future prospects of our society.
Shakespeare: Richard II
Authors: Barber Charles
Published: August 2022

Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
The Child in Question
Authors: Gittins Diana
Published: August 2022

Drawing on personal, historical, sociological, psychoanalytic, literary and artistic sources, this compelling book explores the tensions and contradictions implicit in notions of children and childhood. It examines how children can at once represent innocence, beauty and hope, while at the same time are neglected, disenfranchised and abused. Wide-ranging and provocative, this exploration of what 'the child' means, and has meant, to adults, will appeal to students and professionals across many disciplines, as well as to the interested general reader.
Constructive Social Work
Authors: Parton Nigel , O’Byrne Patrick
Published: August 2022

Recent years have witnessed increased international interest in the relevance of social theories associated with postmodernism, social constructionism and narrative approaches for social work. The central aim of this unique book is to demonstrate how such ideas can make a direct and positive contribution to social work practice. The innovative approach is affirmative and reflexive and emphasis is given to dialogue, process and plurality of knowledge and voice. Richly illustrated by case examples, the book is an ideal introduction to a crucially important new area of social work theory.
The European Union and Global Capitalism
Authors: Ryner J. Magnus , Cafruny Alan W.
Published: August 2022

This book draws on critical theory to introduce readers to ways of exploring questions about the EU from a political economy perspective, questions like:

— Does the EU help or hinder Europe’s ‘social models’ to face the challenges of globalization?

— Does the EU represent a break from Europe’s imperial past?

— What were the causes of the Eurozone crisis?
Patient-controlled analgesia and oral mucositis pain in hematological malignancies
Authors: Koneru, MBBS (Hons), FANZCA, MMed (Hons) Swaetha , Lukas, BPhty, MBBS (Hons) Natalie , Doane, MD, MPH, DABA, FANZCA Matthew , Pattullo, BMedSci, MBBS (Hons), FANZCA, FFPMANZCA Gavin , MacPherson, PhD, FANZCA Ross
Published: August 2022

Oral mucositis (OM) pain is an anticipated complication of immunosuppressive therapies for hematological malignancies. Opioids are effective for OM-associated pain and dysfunction that is refractory to simple measures. At the study institution, parenteral opioids are preferentially prescribed for the treatment of complicated OM.This audit explores the efficacy of opioids for the management of OM pain using morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Pain scores, opioid consumption, resumption of oral intake, and the duration of admission were retrospectively analyzed from patient records over an 18-month period. Two-thirds of included patients had ceased PCA therapy by day 6, by which time there was a meaningful 35.4 percent reduction in pain scores, with very few side effects reported. Interagent comparison demonstrated no significant differences in mean daily pain scores; however, a larger sample size would facilitate an investigation of clinically significant nuances in treatment differences, if they exist.
Causality assessment in pharmacovigilance: principles and fundamentals of causal inference
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Renato Ivo
Published: August 2022

Causality (or causal inference) has been a topic of intense debate among philosophers, epidemiologists, statisticians, and other clinical scientists. In pharmacovigilance, as in many other situations, there is not just one possible cause for an effect, but several. Causality imputation aims, through its own methodologies, to assess the nature of the relationship between a suspected adverse reaction and a particular drug or health product, seeking to establish the existence (or absence) and robustness of a causal link. This article focuses on a reflection on the importance of applying the principles and fundamentals of causal inference to pharmacovigilance, fundamental to the scientific rigor of an area governed by the difficulty of controlling for the unknown.
Hepatitis E - epidemiology and clinical course in the largest cohort in the Czech Republic
Authors: Mihalčin Matúš , Husova Libuse , Vasickova Petra , Bena Marcel , Husa Petr
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The majority of hepatitis E (HE) reports come from Western Europe. The aim of the study was to describe the typical epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HE in the Czech Republic.

Material and methods

The retrospective analysis of 173 patients with HE.

Results

At least 90% of cases were autochthonous (HEV-3 genotype). Seventeen patients were treated with ribavirin. Five underwent liver transplants because of fulminant HE. We noted neurological symptomatology in 9 cases. Six patients developed chronic HE.

Conclusions

There is a possibility of severe health complications caused by the hepatitis E virus in the Czech Republic.
ŞEYH MAHMUT BERZİNCİ’NİN EMPERYALİZM İLE MÜCADELESİ
Authors: KORKMAZ Engin
Published: August 2022

Emperyalistler Orta Doğu Coğrafyasını yeniden şekillendirirken önce bölgede yaşayan halklara bazı vaatlerde bulunmuş, amaçlarına ulaştıklarında da söz konusu millet ve etnik gruplara sırtını dönmüşlerdir. İngilizlerin I. Dünya Savaşında Irak’ı işgal etmeleriyle birlikte Irak’ta bulunan halklar söz konusu vaatlerden nasibini almıştır. İngilizlerin Kürtlere karşı da düalist bir politikası olmuştur. Bu anlamda İngilizler I. Dünya Savaşında Irak’ı işgal ederken onların burada yürüttüğü düalist politikalara karşı Süleymaniye’de yaşayan Şeyh Mahmut Berzinci, 1919’da bir başkaldırı içine girmiştir. Şeyh Mahmut’un amacı, Irak Kürtlerinin İngilizlerin ve Arapların egemenliği altına girmeden kendilerine bağımsız bir statü kazandırması olmuştur. Bu makalede, 1919 yılından başlayıp 1932 yılına kadar devam eden Şeyh Mahmut Berzinci hareketi tarihi malumatlara dayanarak açıklamaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma literatür okumasına dayanan nitel bir araştırmadır. Çeşitli kitap, dergi, tez ve makalelerden derlenen bu çalışma ile Şeyh Mahmut hareketinin sebep ve sonuçları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmayı önemli kılan sebep, Şeyh Mahmut hareketi ile ilgili farklı kaynaklardaki parçalı verileri bütünleştirmektir. Şeyh’in hareketi üzerinde, ciltlerce kitap yazılmıştır, bu makalede söz konusu çalışmaların sadece kısa bir özetini verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
ŞAİR BİR SULTANIN GÖZÜNDEN SULTAN-I ENBİYÂ TASAVVURU: MURÂDÎ DİVANI
Authors: KINAY Nilay
Published: August 2022

Türk edebiyatı geleneğinde dinî nitelikte eser veren şairlerin Hz. Peygamber’e duydukları sevgi ve saygı şiirlerin temel konusu ve kaynağı olmuştur. Özellikle mesnevilerde edebî tür olarak bu konu müstakil yazılmıştır. Şairlerin divanları incelendiğinde tevhid ve münacat kısımlarından sonra Hz. Peygamber ile ilgili bölüme geçilir ve Hz. Peygamber için sıfatların, övgülerin en güzelleri sıralanır. Klasik Türk edebiyatı eserlerinin geneline bakıldığında şairlerin şiirlerine en çok kaynaklık eden Hz. Peygamber’in şahsı olmuştur. Onun hayatı, mucizeleri, iç ve dış karakter özellikleri ilham vesilesi olarak şiirlerde yerini almıştır. Hz. Peygamber, İslam dini ile ilgili yazılı edebiyat ürünlerinin verilmeye başladığı andan itibaren hemen her şairin şiirinde güzellikleriyle yerini almıştır. Şairler içinde sultan olanların divanları ve şiirleri incelendiğinde dinî unsurlar ve bu unsurlar arasında Hz. Peygamber olgusu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da devlet yönetiminin başında olan bir padişahın kaleme aldığı şiirlerde, Hz. Peygamber’in vasıflarının nasıl olduğu gösterilmiştir. Osmanlı devletindeki şair padişahlardan biri de Murâdî mahlasıyla şiirler yazan Sultan III. Murâd’dır. Murâdî divanında, önemli bir ümmet anlayışı tasavvuru dikkat çekmektedir. Peygamber iletisi etrafında verilen ümmet anlayışı ile Murâdî şefaat beklediğini söylemektedir. Padişahın iyi bir eğitim aldığı ve bu doğrultuda dinî ve tasavvufi bilgilere vakıf olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bilgiye hem Hz. Peygamber hem de diğer peygamberler için yazdığı dizelerden ulaşılmaktadır.
İKİ ŞAİR, BİR ŞEHİR: REMZÎ VE RIFKÎ’NİN KAHİRE ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: BATUR Halil
Published: August 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatı temsilcileri doğdukları, bir vesile ile ziyaret ettikleri ya da bir süre yaşadıkları mekânlar, şehirler, kasabalar ile ilgili şiirler yazmışlardır. Şehirlere dair yazılan şiirlerde o şehrin tarihî ve doğal güzellikleri, iklimi, coğrafyası, şehrin kültürel mekânları, eğitim durumu ve müesseseleri, meşhur şahsiyetleri, mimari yapıları, dergâhları, zirai mahsulleri, şehrin olumsuz yönleri ve sosyal hayatı hakkında bilgiler bulmak mümkündür. Osmanlı şehirleri arasında hakkında en çok şiir kaleme alınan şehirler genellikle Osmanlı devletine başkentlik yapmış veya şehzadelerin yetiştirilmek üzere gönderildikleri şehirlerdir. Günümüzde farklı siyasi idareler altında yönetilen ancak vaktiyle Osmanlı toprakları içerisinde bulunan birçok şehir, kasaba veya bölge hakkında da şairlerin divanlarında şiirler bulunmaktadır. Divan ya da mesnevilerde muhtelif nazım şekilleri ve başlıklar altında yer verilen şehir şiirleri, çoğu zaman şehir methiyesi tarzında yazılmakla beraber şehir hicviyesi tarzında da karşımıza çıkabilmektedir. Adına şiir yazılan şehirlerden biri de geçmişte yaklaşık dört asır Osmanlı hâkimiyeti altında bulunan Kahire’dir.
Çalışmamızda XVIII. asırda yaşamış çağdaş iki şair olan Kayserili Remzî ve Kilisli Rıfkî’nin Kahire ile ilgili yazmış oldukları şiirler, şekil ve muhteva itibariyle karşılaştırılacaktır.
MUVAKKİT-ZÂDE MUHAMMED PERTEV DÎVÂNI’NDA AŞK İLE İLGİLİ TEŞBİHLER
Authors: AYDIN Metin
Published: August 2022

İnsana has duyguların başında gelen aşk, dünya edebiyatlarının tamamında birçok sanatçının eserine konu olmuştur. Aynı şekilde aşk konusu Klasik Türk şiirinde, bütün şairler tarafından hem mecâzî hem de ilâhi açıdan sıklıkla işlenmiştir. Muvakkit-zâde Muhammed Pertev de aşk temasını başarılı şekilde şiirlerinde işlemiştir.

Muvakkit-zâde Muhammed Pertev 18. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile 19. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yaşamış olan bir divan şairidir. Divanında yer alan şiirlerde hayal inceliğini görmek mümkündür. Kendisi de önemli bir şair olan Hoca Neş’et’in öğrencisi olarak uzunca bir süre ondan ders almıştır. Muvakkit-zâde Muhammed Pertev, devlet büyüklerini övecek kasidelerden ziyade âşıkâne, rindane gazeller yazmayı tercih etmiştir.

Bu çalışmada Muhammed Pertev Divânı’nda yer alan aşk ile ilgili teşbihler saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Aşk ile at, ateş, bahçe, bela, berat, bezm, cehennem, mücevher, çarşı, damga, dava, deniz, güneş, hevâ, lügat, mabet, mekteb, meydan, meyhane, pazar, rebab, serab, sır, söz, sultan, mey, taht, tekke gibi birçok kavram arasında ilgi kurulmuş, benzetmeler yapılmıştır.
Detection and analysis of cloud boundary in Xi'an, China, employing 35 GHz cloud radar aided by 1064 nm lidar
Authors: Yuan Yun , Di Huige , Liu Yuanyuan , Yang Tao , Li Qimeng , Yan Qing , Xin Wenhui , Li Shichun , Hua Dengxin
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Lidar at 1064 nm and Ka-band millimetre-wave cloud radar (MMCR) are powerful tools for detecting the height distribution of cloud boundaries and can monitor the entire life cycle of cloud layers. In this study, lidar and MMCR
are employed to jointly detect cloud boundaries under different conditions.
By enhancing the echo signal of lidar at 1064 nm and combining its
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the cloud signal can be accurately extracted from
the aerosol signals and background noise. The interference signal is
eliminated from Doppler spectra of the MMCR by using the noise ratio of the
smallest measurable cloud signal (SNRmin⁡) and the spectral point
continuous threshold (Nts). Moreover, the quality control of the
reflectivity factor of MMCR obtained by the inversion is conducted, which
improves the detection accuracy of the cloud signal. We analysed three
typical cases studies; case one presents two interesting phenomena: (a) at
19:00–20:00 CST (China standard time), the ice crystal particles at the
cloud top boundary are too small to be detected by MMCR, but they are well
detected by lidar. (b) At 19:00–00:00 CST, the cirrus cloud changes to
altostratus where the cloud particles eventually grow into large sizes,
producing precipitation. Further, MMCR has more advantages than lidar in
detection of the cloud top boundary within this period. Considering the
advantages of the two devices, the change characteristics of the cloud
boundary in Xi'an from December 2020 to November 2021 were analysed, with
MMCR detection data as the main data and lidar data as the assistant data.
The seasonal variation characteristics of clouds show that, in most cases,
high clouds often occur in summer and autumn, and the low clouds are usually in winter. The normalized cloud cover shows that the maximum and minimum cloud cover occur in summer and winter, respectively. Furthermore, the cloud boundary frequency distribution results for the whole of the observation period show that the cloud bottom boundary below 1.5 km is more than 1 %, the frequency within the height range of 3.06–3.6 km is approximately 0.38 %, and the frequency above 8 km is less than 0.2 %. The cloud top boundary
frequency distribution exhibits the characteristics of a bimodal
distribution. The first narrow peak lies at approximately 1.0–3.1 km, and
the second peak appears at 6.4–9.8 km.
Deposit-feeding of Nonionellina labradorica (foraminifera) from an Arctic methane seep site and possible association with a methanotroph
Authors: Schmidt Christiane , Geslin Emmanuelle , Bernhard Joan M. , LeKieffre Charlotte , Svenning Mette Marianne , Roberge Helene , Schweizer Magali , Panieri Giuliana
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Several foraminifera are deposit feeders that consume organic
detritus (dead particulate organic material with entrained bacteria).
However, the role of such foraminifera in the benthic food web remains
understudied. Foraminifera feeding on methanotrophic bacteria, which are
13C-depleted, may cause negative cytoplasmic and/or calcitic δ13C values. To test whether the foraminiferal diet includes
methanotrophs, we performed a short-term (20 h) feeding experiment with
Nonionellina labradorica from an active Arctic methane-emission site (Storfjordrenna, Barents Sea)
using the marine methanotroph Methyloprofundus sedimenti and analysed N. labradorica cytology via transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). We hypothesised that M. sedimenti would be visible post-experiment in degradation vacuoles, as evidenced by their ultrastructure.
Sediment grains (mostly clay) occurred inside one or several degradation
vacuoles in all foraminifers. In 24 % of the specimens from the feeding
experiment degradation vacuoles also contained bacteria, although none could
be confirmed to be the offered M. sedimenti. Observations of the apertural area after
20 h incubation revealed three putative methanotrophs, close to clay
particles, based on bacterial ultrastructural characteristics. Furthermore,
we noted the absence of bacterial endobionts in all examined N. labradorica but confirmed
the presence of kleptoplasts, which were often partially degraded. In sum,
we suggest that M. sedimenti can be consumed via untargeted grazing in seeps and that N. labradorica
can be generally classified as a deposit feeder at this Arctic site.
Physical mechanisms for biological carbon uptake during the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (BOUSSOLE site)
Authors: Merlivat Liliane , Hemming Michael , Boutin Jacqueline , Antoine David , Vellucci Vincenzo , Golbol Melek , Lee Gareth A. , Beaumont Laurence
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Several trigger mechanisms have been proposed for the onset of the
phytoplankton spring bloom. Among these is that phytoplankton cells begin to
bloom when they experience higher average light levels in shallower mixed
layers, a result of the surface net heat fluxes becoming positive and wind
strength decreasing. We study the impact of these two forcings in the
northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We take advantage of hourly measurements of
oceanic and atmospheric parameters collected at two neighbouring moorings
during the months of March and April in the years 2016 to 2019, combined
with glider data in 2016. We identify the onset of the surface phytoplankton
growth as concomitant with the start of significant biological activity
detected by a sudden decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon derived
from measurements in the upper 10 m of the water column. A rapid reduction
in wind stress following high-wind events is observed at the same time. A
resulting shallow mixing layer favours carbon uptake by phytoplankton lasting
a few days. Simultaneously, the air–sea net heat flux switches from negative
to positive, linked to changes in the latent air–sea heat flux, which is
proportional to the wind speed. This results in an increased thermal
stratification of the ocean's surface layers. In 2016, glider data show that
the mixing layer is significantly shallower than the mixed layer at the
onset of the surface phytoplankton bloom. We conclude that decreases in the
mixing- and mixed-layer depths lead to the onset of the phytoplankton growth
due to the relaxation of wind speed following storms. We estimate net daily
community production in the mixing layer over periods of 3 d between 2016
and 2019 as between 38 and 191 mmol C m−2. These
results have important implications, as biological processes play a major
role in the seasonal evolution of surface pCO2 and thereby the rate of
reduction in atmospheric CO2 by exchange at the air–sea interface.
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Authors: Lindroth Anders , Pirk Norbert , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Stiegler Christian , Klemedtsson Leif , Nilsson Mats B.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes using chambers and eddy covariance
(only CO2) from a moist moss tundra in Svalbard. The average net
ecosystem exchange (NEE) during the summer (9 June–31 August) was negative
(sink), with −0.139 ± 0.032 µmol m−2 s−1 corresponding
to −11.8 g C m−2 for the whole summer. The cumulated NEE over the whole
growing season (day no. 160 to 284) was −2.5 g C m−2. The CH4 flux
during the summer period showed a large spatial and temporal variability.
The mean value of all 214 samples was 0.000511 ± 0.000315 µmol m−2 s−1, which corresponds to a growing season estimate of 0.04 to
0.16 g CH4 m−2. Thus, we find that this moss tundra ecosystem is
closely in balance with the atmosphere during the growing season when regarding
exchanges of CO2 and CH4. The sink of CO2 and the
source of CH4 are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in
the high Arctic. Air temperature, soil moisture and the greenness index contributed significantly to explaining the variation in ecosystem respiration (Reco), while active layer depth, soil moisture and the greenness index were the variables that best
explained CH4 emissions. An estimate of temperature sensitivity of
Reco and gross primary productivity (GPP) showed that the sensitivity
is slightly higher for GPP than for Reco in the interval 0–4.5 ∘C; thereafter, the difference is small up to about 6 ∘C and then begins to rise rapidly for Reco. The consequence of this, for a small increase in air temperature of 1∘
(all other variables assumed unchanged), was that the respiration increased
more than photosynthesis turning the small sink into a small source (4.5 g C m−2) during the growing season. Thus, we cannot rule out that the
reason why the moss tundra is close to balance today is an effect of the
warming that has already taken place in Svalbard.
Structural characterization and K–Ar illite dating of reactivated, complex and heterogeneous fault zones: lessons from the Zuccale Fault, Northern Apennines
Authors: Viola Giulio , Musumeci Giovanni , Mazzarini Francesco , Tavazzani Lorenzo , Curzi Manuel , Torgersen Espen , van der Lelij Roelant , Aldega Luca
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We studied the Zuccale Fault (ZF) on Elba,
part of the Northern Apennines, to unravel the complex deformation history that is
responsible for the remarkable architectural complexity of the fault. The ZF
is characterized by a patchwork of at least six distinct, now tightly
juxtaposed brittle structural facies (BSF), i.e. volumes of deformed
rock characterized by a given fault rock type, texture, colour, composition,
and age of formation. ZF fault rocks vary from massive cataclasite to
foliated ultracataclasite, from clay-rich gouge to highly sheared talc
phyllonite. Understanding the current spatial juxtaposition of these BSFs
requires tight constraints on their age of formation during the ZF lifespan
to integrate current fault geometries and characteristics over the time
dimension of faulting. We present new K–Ar gouge dates obtained from three
samples from two different BSFs. Two top-to-the-east foliated gouge and talc
phyllonite samples document faulting in the Aquitanian (ca. 22 Ma),
constraining east-vergent shearing along the ZF already in the earliest
Miocene. A third sample constrains later faulting along the exclusively
brittle, flat-lying principal slip surface to < ca. 5 Ma. The new
structural and geochronological results reveal an unexpectedly long faulting
history spanning a ca. 20 Myr time interval in the framework of the
evolution of the Northern Apennines. The current fault architecture is
highly heterogeneous as it formed at very different times under different
conditions during this prolonged history. We propose that the ZF started as
an Aquitanian thrust that then became selectively reactivated by early
Pliocene out-of-sequence thrusting during the progressive structuring of the
Northern Apennine wedge. These results require the critical analysis of
existing geodynamic models and call for alternative scenarios of continuous
convergence between the late Oligocene and the early Pliocene with a major
intervening phase of extension in the middle Miocene allowing for the
isostatic re-equilibration of the Northern Apennine wedge. Extension
started again in the Pliocene and is still active in the innermost portion
of the Northern Apennines. In general terms, long-lived, mature faults can
be very architecturally complex. Their unravelling, including understanding
the dynamic evolution of their mechanical properties, requires a
multidisciplinary approach combining detailed structural analyses with
dating the deformation events recorded by the complex internal architecture,
which is a phenomenal archive of faulting and faulting conditions through
time and space.
A multidimensional study of wastewater treatment
Authors: Das Aishwariya , Saha Avik Kumar , Sarkar Shuwrabati , Sadhu Soumok , Sur Taniya , Agarwal Shree , Mazumdar Soumik , Bashar Sheerin , Tarafdar Sambit , Parvez Sk Soyal
Published: August 2022

Water usage generates wastewater, which must be collected and treated properly before being returned into the hydrological cycle for reasons of sustainable development and water supply.The content and volume of waste water generated are determined by a range of elements, as most of them are the waste of households, industries and so on. It also dictates the necessary treatment methods. Waste water treatment facilities function at a crucial stage in the water cycle, assisting nature in protecting water from contamination. Treatment methods can be categorized into four segments: preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment. Screening and grit removal are ordinary parts of preliminary wastewater treatment. Basically, it prepares wastewater for further treatment. Although the primary purpose of wastewater treatment is to separate easily-removable suspended particles and BOD, wastewater components that occur as dissolved solids or settleable wastewater solids may also be eliminated here using a septic tank, the Imhoff tank. The conversion of organic materials to more oxidised or reduced forms occurs in treatment plants of secondary wastewater treatments and sometimes in tertiary treatment also. Disinfection and suspended particles removal are the most common techniques used to modify conventional wastewater treatment plant effluents for crop application. Advanced wastewater treatment, also known as tertiary treatment, is used in treatment technologies when a higher quality of water is desired but secondary treatment procedures cannot provide. Advanced or tertiary water treatment includes the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, several organics and metals. Finally, the treated waters can be used for multiple purposes. Rainfall waters being less polluted, can be easily treated and fewer treatment methods will require here. However, to make them more efficient, several improvements are needed for commonly used systems like trickling filters, oxidising ponds, rotating bio contractors (RBCs), septic tanks, etc.
Are there any changes in serum renal parameters in patients undergoing ESWL therapy?
Authors: BARLAS İrfan Şafak , DEMİR Selamettin
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The goal of this research was to explain the effects of ESWL on renal function (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy).
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out retrospectively between November 2019 and October 2020, with 50 adult patients scheduled to perform an ESWL treatment because of a diagnosis of kidney stone and to completed the study protocol. In all of these patients, there was no urogenital abnormality, and none had a solitary kidney. Patients' mean age was 37.2 (between 26 and 67 years of age). Of patients, 31 (62%) were male and 19 (38%) were female. Three ESWL sessions were carried out in the patients and the time between sessions was set at 7 days. The routines collected one day before the ESWL (Routine I) protocol were repeated one day after the first session (Routine II) and one day after the end of all ESWL (Routine III) sessions.
Results: There wasn’t any statistically significant difference among routines in terms of the ratio of serum electrolytes, serum creatinine, GFR and spot urine/protein.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the renal function tests do not need to assess whether ESWL leads to a tubular functional dysfunction in patients when treating upper urinary system stone disease.
Keywords: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), renal stone, renal function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Flexible Üreterorenoskopide Erişim Kılıfının Kullanımı Vazgeçilmez mi?
Authors: ERGÜN Müslüm , SAĞIR Süleyman
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Çalışmamızda böbrek içi toplam taş yükü 1.5 cm ve altında olan hastaların tedavisinde erişim kılıflı flexible üreterorenoskopi ve erişim kılıfsız Flexible-URS kulanımının etkinlik ve güvenilirliklerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç Ve Yöntem: Böbrek pelvisinde, orta ve üst kalikste toplam taş yükü 0,8 ile 1,5 cm arasında olan ve üreterorenoskopik taş cerrahisi yapılan toplam 70 vakanın verileri geriye dönük retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Üreteral erişim kılıfsız F-URS (n=32) ve üreteral erişim kılıflı F-URS (n=38) uygulanan hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Gruplar arasında stone-free oranları, ameliyat süreleri, floroskopiye maruziyet süresi, kan kaybı ve komplikasyonlar açısından karşılaştırma yapıldı.

Bulgular: Toplam taş yükü 1.5 cm ve altında olan 70 hastanın 32'inde (%45,7) erişim kılıfsız F-URS yapılırken, 38 (%54,3) hastaya ise erişim kılıflı F-URS yapıldı. Vakaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, toplam taş boyutu ve taş tarafı her iki grupta da anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Ortalama operasyon süresi erişim kılıfsız F-URS grubunda 98,42±8,12 dk, erişim kılıflı F-URS grubunda ise 101,23±9,08 dk idi ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.303). İntraoperatif kullanılan floskopi süresi her iki gurupta da benzer olup aralarındaki fark anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,313). Ameliyat sonrası 1. gün ve 1. ay takipte stone-free oranları erişim kılıfsız F-URS grubunda sırasıyla %81,48 ve % 85,18 iken, erişim kılıflı F-URS grubunda ise %81,25 ve %87,5 olup iki gurup arasında stone-free başarısı yönünden istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p=0,896 ve p=0,674).

Sonuç: Toplam böbrek içi taş yükü 1.5 cm ve altında olan hastalarda erişim kılıfsız F-URS ile erişim kılıflı F-URS kıyaslandığında benzer ameliyat sürelerine, benzer başarı ve komplikasyon oranlarına sahiptir.
Part A: Sanitization and use of sewage sludge in soil
Technical Note 2 - Legislation aspects
Authors: Bittencourt Simone , Matos Antonio Teixeira de , Silva Bruno Sidnei da , Miki Marcelo Kenji , Bastos Rafael Kopschitz Xavier
Published: August 2022

The use of sewage sludge in soil is a environmentally sustainable practice, compatible with the Brazilian Policy of Solid Wastes. Due to its content of organic compounds and nutrients, the sludge is beneficial to the physical, chemical and biological soil properties and to the development of plants. However, since it may contain chemical and microbiological pollutants, it has to be carefully used by following criteria and procedures concerning the protection of the environment and public health. In 2020, Brazil approved Resolution 498 of CONAMA for the definition of criteria and procedures for production and application of biosolids in soil. Besides its agricultural use, this Resolution covers other uses, such as the recuperation of degraded areas. For the use of sludge on land, it needs to be processed in a Sludge Management Unit licensed by a local environmental agency. Depending on the criteria in the Resolution, biosolids are classified under Classes A and B for their microbiological quality, and under Classes 1 and 2 for their chemical aspects.
Seleção de adubos verdes para a prestação de serviços ecossistêmicos em ambiente semiárido
Authors: Deus Tarcísio Rocha Vicente de , Giongo Vanderlise , Salviano Alessandra Monteiro , Santana Mônica da Silva , Silva Vanêssa Coelho da , Santos Tatiane Cezario dos
Published: August 2022

A adubação verde é uma técnica de manejo do solo que proporciona diversos benefícios aos agroecossistemas, melhorando a qualidade química, física e biológica do solo e permitindo que eles forneçam diferentes serviços ecossistêmicos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi selecionar adubos verdes para compor agroecossistemas multifuncionais que prestem serviços ecossistêmicos em ambiente semiárido, por meio da adição de biomassa, C e N e da ciclagem de nutrientes. Para isso, foram avaliados, em dois ciclos de cultivo, 29 tratamentos utilizandose 14 espécies de leguminosas, oleaginosas e gramíneas, distribuídas em cultivos solteiros e consorciados. Setenta dias após a semeadura, os adubos verdes foram cortados e coletaram-se amostras das partes aérea e radicular, nas quais foram avaliadas a produção de biomassa fresca e seca e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Os teores de C e a biomassa proveniente de rizodeposição foram estimados. Com esses dados, foram calculados os acúmulos dos nutrientes na biomassa aérea e radicular. Os dados foram comparados por meio de estatística descritiva e multivariada. Existe uma relação positiva entre o número crescente de espécies utilizadas em consórcio e a maior produção de biomassa aérea e radicular, favorecendo o aumento da capacidade do agroecossistema na prestação de serviços de provisão e de regulação, este último associado às medidas de mitigação das mudanças climáticas, o que evidencia a importância da biodiversidade.
Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na micro e minigeração distribuída fotovoltaica no Brasil: seleção e análise de indicador representativo
Authors: Scolari Bruno Sabino , Do Nascimento Décio Estevão , De Souza Marilia , Strauhs Faimara do Rocio
Published: August 2022

Na busca pela sustentabilidade no setor energético, a energia solar fotovoltaica (FV) vem-se destacando como solução para promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. À medida que a tecnologia FV se expande, surge a necessidade de estudos para a avaliação de como o novo mercado se comporta diante de diferentes cenários, com a consequente elaboração de indicadores diversos. Seguindo uma abordagem interdisciplinar e baseado no paradigma epistemológico da Design Science, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, após seleção e avaliação, indicadores que reflitam um possível impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no mercado de Micro e Minigeração Distribuída Fotovoltaica no Brasil (MMGD) nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Para tanto, caracterizou-se, por meio de revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), o estado da arte a respeito do impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no mercado fotovoltaico e de indicadores aplicados a sistemas fotovoltaicos. Com subsídios da RSL e conforme a literatura de base sobre o assunto, selecionou-se o indicador Potência Mensal Instalada de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Efetuou-se então a análise deste por meio de alimentação do indicador, por meio de consulta em banco de dados abertos da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). Identificou-se que, com a sensibilização geral inicial causada pelo primeiro pico da pandemia de COVID-19, o mercado fotovoltaico sofreu redução na Potência Mensal Instalada; porém, passado esse momento inicial, observou-se a recuperação do indicador, o que sugere capacidade de resiliência e de adaptação desse mercado, superando as dificuldades e novos desafios encontrados e mantendo o ritmo de crescimento observado antes da pandemia.
Features of cataract surgery and the postoperative period in patients with glaucoma (part 1)
Authors: Ivachev E. A.
Published: August 2022

The comorbidity of glaucoma and cataract occurs in up to 76 % of ophthalmic patients. The presence of glaucoma in these patients increases the risk of complications in cataract surgery by up to 51.6%. Small pupil occurs in 14 % of cases during cataract surgery, with frequency increasing with age, reaching 71% by the age of 80.   Small pupil is a complicating factor in phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma and can lead to undesirable visual outcomes. However, today the arsenal of ophthalmic surgeons has a number of iris retractors that dilate the pupil during the lens extraction, which makes the operation simpler.   Weakness of the ligamentous apparatus of the lens occurs in one third of patients with glaucoma. Cataract surgery in these patients is accompanied by difficulties in performing classical capsulorhexis and a high risk of decentration or subluxation of the lens. Pupil rigidity, drug-induced miosis and ligamentous laxity require the use of iris retractors, capsular rings, and in some cases extracapsular fixation of the lens.   Hemorrhagic complications of cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma manifest as hyphema and expulsive hemorrhages. Considering the specifics of ocular microcirculation, expulsive hemorrhage occurs during cataract surgery in 0.026–0.04 % of cases. The reason for this is the difference in pressure in the vascular bed and out-side of it. The higher the initial intraocular pressure during lens extraction, the higher the risk of hemorrhage. The conventional recommendation is maximum compensation of intraocular pressure before phacoemulsification.
On the optimal values of «target» intraocular pressure
Authors: Kats M. D. , Kuroyedov A. V.
Published: August 2022

Current statistics show that glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. This fact generates continued interest in the search for new methods of rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease. Presently, reducing the level of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven strategy for slowing the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. As such, achieving the so-called «target» pressure is the aim of any effective anti-glaucoma therapy. However, as practice shows, compensation of IOP does not always lead to stabilization of glaucoma progression. The concept of determining the «target» level of IOP implies a percentage decrease calculated by formulas, or a predetermined value, or a range of values. However, none of these strategies are considered as the leading one. The definition of «target pressure» is multifaceted and requires attention to many different factors. In addition, the understanding of how the level of IOP affects the progression of glaucoma is constantly evolving. In this review we summarize the data on the concept of «target» IOP, as well as on various concepts of achieving it.
Göller Yöresi İllerinin Biyoiklimsel Konfor Yapısının Belirlenmesi ve Termal Algılama Haritalarının Oluşturulması
Authors: Mirza Esra , Topay Mehmet
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada; göller yöresini içene alan Afyonkarahisar, Antalya, Burdur, Denizli, Isparta ve Konya illerinin biyoiklimsel yapısı belirlenmiş ve termal algılama haritaları oluşturulmuştur.

Çalışma alanın iklim konforunu belirlemek için 16 meteoroloji istasyonun iklim verileri kullanılmıştır. Biyoiklimsel konforu hesaplamada, enerji dengesi modeline dayanan Fizyolojik Eşdeğer Sıcaklık (FES) indeksi kullanılmıştır ve değerlerinin hesaplanmasında RayMan Pro yazılımından yararlanılmıştır. Hesaplanan noktasal FES değerleri coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yazılımlarından biri olan ArcMap 10.8’de ters mesafe ağırlıklı enterpolasyon tekniği (IDW) kullanılarak haritalandırılmıştır. En konforlu aylar ve bölgeler FES değerleri sınıflandırmasına göre belirlenmiştir. Mayıs, ekim ve haziran ayları sırasıyla konforun en çok olduğu aylardır.
Immunity study among burn patients infected with bacterial pseudomonas species
Authors: Al-Shiblawi Ali Abdul-Hussein Ali , Muhil Mahdi Hussain
Published: August 2022

The Invade of the Burns infaction by potentially pathogenic bacteria constitutes threatens its transmission to different human tissues and organs, this study provides isolation and identification of 37 isolates bacteria pseudomonas species for the 120 specimen (20 pseudomonas.aeruginosa.10 Pseudomonas. fluorescens.7 Pseuomonas.putadia) recovered from burn infections. In this study, some of virulence factors were detected by traditional phenotypic methods. The results Bacterial gelatinase .  The results of the study demonstrated that the high production of gelatinase was released from P.aeruginosa 20/20(100%, P.fluorescens10/10(100%).p putedia 5/7(71.42%) . the total pseudomonas spp 35/37(94.59%) isolates . The results haemolysin production In the blood agar plate method, 30/37 (80.08%) of 20/20(100%) P. aeruginosa.9/10(90%) p. fluorescens. and 1/7(14.28%) p.putedia of all isolates demonstrate beta-hemolytic activity. Total and Deferential Count of White Blood Cells the results of WBC and differential cells. The results of WBC and differential count of neutrophils and monocytes in survivors burn patients have shown the significant increase (P<0.05) compared to control group. But the lymphocytes,eosinophils and basophils showed non-significant (P>0.05). Cytokines Detections Interleukin-6 the concentration of IL-6 in burn patients were of significant elevation (P<0.01) in compared to control group, yet the concentration of IL-6 showed a highly elevation burn patients.
Valorização do fruto do baru (Dipteryx alata vogel) da savana tropical brasileira: uma revisão para a área de alimentos
Authors: MIYASHITA N. M. R. , VALE R. T. R. , ALBUINE M. S. , LIMA A. A. S. , PIRES A. C. S.
Published: August 2022

O estudo e a divulgação dos frutos do baru (Dipteryx alata Vogel), bem como, de seus derivados para aplicação na área de alimentos é importante e oferece suporte para a valorização, produção e consumo deste fruto do cerrado. Embora alguns estudos científicos tratem deste assunto, o compilamento de importantes informações sobre esta temática, na língua portuguesa, ainda é escasso. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão é relatar as principais informações a respeito da morfologia, perfil nutricional, funcional e tecnológico do fruto e de alguns derivados como a castanha, concentrado proteico, isolado proteico, óleo, dentre outros. No geral, estes frutos são excelentes fontes de proteína, lipídeos, ácidos graxos insaturados e, compostos bioativos. O consumo frequente da castanha de baru está associado à redução, em mulheres, da adiposidade abdominal, do colesterol, do sobrepeso e da obesidade. Além disso, este fruto é fonte de diversos compostos bioativos, como compostos fenólicos e, por isso, possuírem capacidade antioxidante. Os frutos de baru e seus derivados apresentam também capacidade de atuarem como agente texturizante e agente antimicrobiano. Na indústria de alimentos, podem ser utilizados como emulsificantes, espumantes, dentre outros. Ao final desta revisão, o leitor terá acesso à informação atualizada sobre o potencial do baru para diferentes aplicações na área de alimentos.
Substitutos de gordura em produtos cárneos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: XAVIER L. C. A. , BERNADINO FILHO R.
Published: August 2022

Diversos produtos cárneos encontrados nas prateleiras dos mercados apresentam a vantagem de serem alimentos práticos, convenientes, de fácil e rápido preparo e consumo, sendo consumidos como lanche ou como parte de outras refeições. No entanto, um dos problemas encontrados no consumo frequente desses produtos é o seu alto teor de gordura, causando preocupação do ponto de vista da saúde. A redução do teor de gordura animal em produtos cárneos é necessária para a sobrevivência da indústria cárnea, havendo a necessidade de adequação para atender as exigências do consumidor. Logo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer um levantamento, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, dos principais ingredientes utilizados como substitutos de gordura animal (parcial ou total) em produtos cárneos. Foi feito um levantamento em outubro de 2021 dos artigos publicados a partir de 2016 sobre substitutos de gordura em produtos cárneos nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e ScienceDirect. Foram encontrados 51 artigos e após aplicação dos métodos de inclusão/exclusão, 12 artigos permaneceram para realização da revisão sistemática. O uso de fibras dietéticas e óleos vegetais se destacam na produção dos substitutos de gordura elaborados, trazendo propriedades tecnológicas adequadas, melhorias nutricionais e boa aceitação sensorial. A salsicha foi o principal produto cárneo elaborado com substituto de gordura. A realização da avaliação sensorial foi de grande importância para determinar a possível aceitação no mercado dos produtos cárneos produzidos com substitutos de gordura. Esta revisão sistemática permitiu o levantamento de dados não tendenciosos sobre substitutos de gordura animal em produtos cárneos.
Uso de luz pulsada no processamento não-térmico em suco de frutas: uma revisão
Authors: COSTA A. J. G. , LIMA L. M. G. , CRUZ R. S. , BATISTA E. M. , VASCONCELOS L. B. , PRADO G. M.
Published: August 2022

As frutas representam uma fonte de nutrientes importantes para a dieta humana e dentre as principais formas de processamento dessas está a elaboração de sucos devido a sua praticidade e aceitação pelo consumidor. Atualmente, tem-se estudado a utilização de tecnologias não-térmicas ou emergentes por apresentar vantagens com relação aos tratamentos convencionais. Dentre essas tecnologias, a luz pulsada por meio da radiação ultravioleta (UV-C) apresenta potencial utilização em sucos de frutas, de modo a conservar suas características sensoriais, nutricionais e manter sua vida útil e qualidade. Diante disso, o objetivo desse estudo foi a realização de uma revisão para avaliar o efeito da utilização da tecnologia de luz pulsada no processamento e manutenção da integridade dos componentes nutricionais e fitoquímicos presentes em sucos de frutas. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, ao qual se buscou estudos nas bases de dados Science direct, SciELO, Web of Science e Periódicos Capes, utilizando os termos “Pulsed light” e “Fruit juice” que, após a leitura e refinamento dos resultados, foram selecionados 8 artigos. Foi possível observar que a utilização da luz pulsada apresentou resultados satisfatórios quanto à inibição de micro-organismos, micotoxinas, redução da atividade de enzimas e manutenção do perfil físico-químico e fitoquímico presentes nas amostras de suco avaliadas. A partir de tais resultados, conclui-se que o uso da luz pulsada é uma tecnologia promissora para ser utilizada no processamento de sucos de frutas, contudo, são necessários maiores estudos que evidenciem essa potencialidade, bem como o estabelecimento de parâmetros que permitam a manutenção da qualidade do produto.
Fisiologia sensorial e as alterações no olfato e no paladar decorrentes da COVID- 19
Authors: OLIVEIRA V. C.
Published: August 2022

Com a pandemia causada pelo coronavírus, indivíduos contaminados pelo vírus apresentaram sintomas como perda de paladar (anosmia e hiposmia) e olfato (disosmia e fantosmia) logo no início. Esses sintomas relatados foram determinantes para os diagnósticos de COVID-19. O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar brevemente os aspectos da fisiologia sensorial e como a infecção por COVID-19 alterou o olfato e o paladar dos infectados e seu impacto na saúde. A interação do novo coronavírus com os receptores ACE-2 expressos nas células sustentaculares e papilas gustativas resulta em danos diretos aos sistemas olfativo e gustativo. Além disso, a invasão do vírus aos neurônios olfatórios e sua inflamação são outros mecanismos de infecção do vírus. A indústria alimentícia terá que se adaptar a essa nova demanda de indivíduos com COVID-19 longa e a apresentam alterações no paladar e olfato após meses da infecção. Terá que recriar a textura sensorial em pacientes diagnosticados com anosmia e ageusia como a utilização de grãos mais duros, a fabricação de novos salgadinhos mais crocantes. A adição de especiarias e sabores fortes (canela, gengibre, baunilha, pimenta, etc.) também irá aumentar a experiência alimentar desses indivíduos. Conclui-se que distúrbio do olfato e paladar foram frequentes e aparecerem precocemente na COVID-19. As alterações do sistema quimiossensoriais ocasionalmente persistem após a cura de outros sintomas. Apesar de ter alguns estudos, ainda se torna necessário um esforço para tratamento específico dessa patologia devido ao COVID-19.