bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ECENG GONDOK PADA PEMBUATAN BATAKO BERLUBANG TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BATAKO MENURUT SNI 03-0349-1989
Authors: Therti Chandra Eliap , Sr Daryati , Bachtiar Gina
Published: February 2021

tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menambahkan serat eceng gondok dengan persentase yang berbeda pada campuran semen dan pasirterhadap tingkat mutu III, untuk dinding non struktural terlindungi dari cuaca mutu batako sesuai SNI 03-0349-1989 sebesar 35 kg/cm2. Sedangkan banyaknya serat eceng gondok ditentukan dalam persen terhadap berat semen, yaitu sebesar 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, dan 7%Perkembangan pembangunan dalam bidang konstruksi sudah mulai terasa dampaknya, mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan bahan bangunan semakin meningkat. Misalnya dalam proyekpembangunan perumahan maupun pembangunan gedung bahan bangunan untuk dinding atau pemisah ruangan ada berbagai macam pilihan seperti, batako, batu bata, dinding panel dan beton ringan seperti hebel. Peningkatan kebutuhan bahan bangunan tersebut harus disediakandalam jumlah skala besar dan tentunya pembuatan bahan tersebut bisa dari alam maupun buatan.Untuk mensukseskan rencana pembangunan fisik perlu ada industri bahan bangunan yang menghasilkan produk yang bermutu baik dengan jumlah yang cukup banyak. Salah satu cara untuk memenuhi permintaan kebutuhan bahan bangunan tersebut adalah dengan carameningkatkan sumber daya alam yang berada di negara ini. Khususnya di bidang konstruksi sudah banyak dipergunakan berbagai metode untuk memperoleh kemudahan dalam memperoleh modal yang efisien, bahan baku dan tenaga kerja yang berkualitas.
STUDI KUAT LENTUR PELAT FERROCEMENT DENGAN LAPISAN LEMBARAN ALUMINIUM SEBAGAI BEKISTING TETAP PADA MATERIAL PELAT LANTAI BANGUNAN BERTINGKAT
Authors: Rahman Ali , Bachtiar Gina , Sr Daryati
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, Berapa nilai yang dihasilkan oleh pelat ferosemen kekuatan lentur menggunakan bekisting aluminium. Inibelajar mencoba untuk menjelaskan melalui percobaan menguji kekuatan lentur piring ferosemen menggunakan lembaran aluminium sebagai bekisting dapat menghasilkan kekuatan lentur yang besar sehingga material ini akan digunakan sebagai struktur lantai bahan bangunan lantai alternatif struktur. penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental, populasi adalah beton ferosemen spesimen lempengan menggunakan bekisting aluminium dengan dimensi Panjang 0,3 mm 1100 m, lebar 300 mm, dan ketebalan 50 mm.Sampel yang digunakan adalah sepotong uji berbentuk lempeng dari 15 spesimendengan tiga kelompok proporsi campuran dan FAS 0,45, 5 buah campuran spesimen 1 Pc: 2 Ps; 5 lembar campuran spesimen 1 Pc: 3 Ps: dan 5 buah benda uji dengan campuran 1 Pc: 4 Ps. Secara keseluruhan benda uji menggunakan 2 kawat anyaman kawat yang berlapis penguatan. hasil yang diperoleh untuk nilai rata-rata lentur kekuatan lempengan beton ferrocement menggunakan lembaran aluminium sebagai bekisting permanen adalah yang terbaik 28 hari dalam campuran 1 PC: 3 Ps 42,91 kg/cm2, sedangkan nilai kekuatan lentur dalam campuran 1 PC: 2 Ps 37,66 kg/cm2, dan PC: 4 Ps dari 36,66 kg/cm2. Itu hasil untuk nilai rata-rata uji modulus elastisitas (MOE) 28 hari tua, pada campuran 1 PC: 2 Ps 50.626,55 Kg / cm2, campuran 1 PC: 3 Ps 51.602,52 kg/cm2, dan campuran 1 PC: 4 Ps dari 39.198,77 Kg / cm2.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN WAKTU PEMADATAN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON PADA BENDA UJI SILINDER BETON
Authors: Sulistio Setyo Dwiantoro , ST Prihantono , Murtinugraha Eka
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan waktupemadatan kekuatan tekan beton pada silinderspesimen dalam upaya untuk mendapatkan pemadatan optimal dalam betonyang digetarkan oleh vibrator internal dengan 7 kali perawatan getar yaitu, 0detik, 5 detik, 10 detik, 15 detik, 20 detik, 25detik, 30 detik, untuk desain campuran beton f'c 30 MPa dan 55 Â± 20mm merosot.Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian BahanPT. Adhimix Precast Indonesia di Jakarta pada April-Mei 2012 dengan sebuahmetode eksperimen sesuai dengan Nasional IndonesiaStandar (SNI) dan American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain beton dengan f'c 30 MPa dan 55Â± 20 mm kemerosotan, dengan sampel 70 buah spesimen silindris.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh waktu yang signifikanperbedaan pemadatan dari kekuatan tekan beton, danmenghasilkan persamaan Y = -0.0249xÂ² + 1.0587x + 25.717 dan RÂ² =0,9732 (97%). Rata-rata kekuatan tekan tertinggi pada saat itupemadatan ada 20 detik, 37,16 MPa, sedangkan nilai terendahditemukan pada saat 0 detik, 25,03 MPa. Waktu optimal untukpemadatan beton f'c 30 MPa dengan kemiringan 50 mm diperlukan 20detik.
Revision Total Elbow Arthroplasty with the Semiconstrained Coonrad/Morrey Prosthesis
Authors: Barret Hugo , Laumonerie Pierre , Delclaux Stéphanie , Arboucalot Marine , Bonnevialle Nicolas , Mansat Pierre
Published: February 2021

Background:

Revision total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has increased, especially in young patients with high functional expectations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of revision TEA with a single semiconstrained prosthesis.

Methods:

Thirty-four revision TEAs were performed with a Coonrad/Morrey prosthesis in 32 patients; 2 patients had bilateral procedures. The mean patient age was 61 years (range, 22 to 76 years), and the revision TEA was performed at a mean time of 7.8 years (range, 1.6 to 21 years) after the primary TEA. Etiologies for revisions were humeral and ulnar aseptic loosening (n = 14), ulnar aseptic loosening (n = 8), humeral aseptic loosening (n = 6), septic arthritis (n = 4), and unstable unlinked prostheses (n = 2). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed with systematic preoperative infection workup and quantification of bone loss. The mean follow-up was 11.4 years (range, 2 to 21 years).

Results:

The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at the last follow-up was excellent in 6 cases, good in 18 cases, fair in 8 cases, and poor in 2 cases, with a mean improvement (and standard deviation) between the preoperative values at 42.4 ± 16.1 points and the postoperative values at 81.8 ± 12 points (p < 0.001). The mean pain scores improved significantly from 6.7 ± 1.3 points preoperatively to 1.4 ± 1.4 points postoperatively (p < 0.001). The flexion-extension arc increased significantly (p = 0.02) from 74° ± 27° preoperatively to 100° ± 31° postoperatively. The total number of complications was 29 in 19 revision TEAs (56%). Twenty of the 29 complications simply required monitoring without surgical intervention. Six repeat surgical procedures were required, and 3 implant revisions (9%) were performed.

Conclusions:

Revision TEA with a semiconstrained prosthesis can provide good clinical results that can be maintained during follow-up. The rate of complications is high. Proper evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio is essential for each revision TEA and should be discussed with the patient.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Movements during Piano Playing
Authors: Wristen Brenda , Sforza Chiarella
Published: February 2021

I read with great interest the article by Ferrario et al., reporting their findings from a study of pianists' hand and finger movements using three-dimensional motion capture in the March 2007 issue of this journal. The authors noted that most previous investigations of musicians technique
investigated only limited parts of the playing apparatus "without considering global movements."
Graft modification in bamboo cellulose nanofibrils: An effective option to improve compatibility and tunable surface energy
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Carlos Alejandro , Dufresne Alain , D'Accorso Norma Beatriz , Garcia Nancy
Published: March 2021

In this work, from an endemic and non-significant value-added bamboo argentine, nanofibrils (CNFs) of 20 nm in width were obtained. These nanofibrils were chemical modified in surface with three simple steps using a noncommercial low molecular weight polylactic acid. The success of modification was confirmed by FTIR, TGA, DSC and XRD analysis. The modified nanofibrils were taken up for changing surface properties in films based on commercial PLA. The results show that dispersive (γ D/S) component of films increase of 34.7 mN/m to 36.1 mN/m after the addition of modified nanofibrils from 2 to 5% in formulation of the films, comparing with a physical blend. Interesting others result in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites, were reported.
Design and development of open source portable multi-functional three-dimensional bio-printing extrusion system for hydrogel-based scaffolds fabrication
Authors: Behrouzi Pouya , Zali Mahmood , Muhaddesi Mahdi , Hashemi Alireza , Khoradmehr Arezoo , Jahromi Amin Torabi , Nabipour Iraj , Tamadon Amin
Published: March 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing has been shown up as a state of the art and creative technological solution to nowadays tissue engineering and stem cell research challenges toward human tissue regeneration and construction of artificial living organs. Thereby, using hydrogel-based bio-inks to 3D print living microenvironments is a crucial strategy to reconstruct basically functional living scaffolds in order to shape human living organs based on digital 3D computer-aided design (CAD) inputs. The focus of this paper lies on design and development of a portable multi-functional 3D bio-printing extruder for fabrication of hydrogel-based highly complex living tissues using advanced methods invented along this study. The presented article, precisely optimizes the process of fabricating 3D printed scaffolds by redesigning of an integrated gel-extrusion system capable of controlling the adjustability of thermal condition of bio-inks. Also a UV crosslink module is utilized in the bottom of the extruder to cure hydrogel scaffolds consisting of photo-reacting agents to provide a novel bio-printing experience for end users. As a result, the integrated extrusion system is easily portable and compatible with almost any computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Therefore, it could be simply installed on or removed from any CNC machine or fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing system considering that all the control units remain adjustable. The whole system parameters and the performance of tissue fabrication regarding this developed portable multi-functional 3D bio-printing extruder have been tested and practically confirmed. The thermal control system performance has also been simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Thus, certified documents have been provided and depicted in this paper.
Correlation between disability measure and Black Hole (T1 hypointense lesion) lesion load in brain magnetic resonance imaging of patients with multiple sclerosis: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Barati Elham , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Moassefi Mana
Published: March 2021

Rationale: As the role of neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has become more prominent, the formation and evolution of chronic or persistent T1-hypointense lesions (Black Holes) have been used as markers of axonal loss and neuronal destruction to measure disease activity. However, findings regarding this subject are controversial. In this study we aim to clarify the level of importance of T1 hypointense lesions for estimating the prognosis of patients.Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between T1 hypointensities (Black holes) lesion load (lesion mean volume) on brain MRI with disability level of patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) or Secondary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS).Data sources: We will search MEDLINE (through PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL, Science Citation Index – Expanded (Web of Science), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (Web of Science). We won’t consider any timeframe, language, or geographical restrictions.Methods: Standard systematic review protocol methodology is employed. Eligibility criteria is reported in line with PICOTS system. Population is limited to adult patients diagnosed with RRMS or SPMS, based on the McDonald criteria. Index (prognostic factor) of interest will be T1 hypointense (black hole) lesion mean volume (lesion load) on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). There will be no comparators. Outcome of interest will be the disability measure using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). For the timing domain, we will include studies only if the outcome was measured at the same time MRI was performed (or with a very close time interval between). Inpatient and outpatient settings will both be included. All included studies will be assessed for the risk of bias using a tailored version of the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Extracted correlation coefficients will be converted to the Fisher’s z scale and a meta-analysis will be performed on the results. We will then convert back the results to correlation coefficients again for the sake of presentation. For the purpose of assessing heterogeneity we will use prediction intervals. If feasible, we will also try to perform subgroup and sensitivity analyses. We will also evaluate the publication bias using Funnel plots and assess the confidence in cumulative evidence using an adapted version of the GRADE for prognostic factor research.
Intrathecal or Extracapuslar Lymph Nodes Dissection For Patients With Rectal and Sigmoid Colon Cancer？
Authors: Ge Wei , Shao Li-hua , Gong Hai-yan , Chen Gang
Published: March 2021

Aim: To investigate that whether intrathecal lymph nodes dissection is superior to extracapsular lymph nodes dissection for patients with rectal and sigmoid colon cancer.Methods: We performed a retrospective clinical study between August, 2017 and October, 2019 at the department of general surgery, the affiliated hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. According to the ways of lymph nodes dissection, these patients were divided into extracapuslar group and intrathecal group. We then compared the curative effect and safety between the two groups.Results: A total of 211 patients were recruited in this retrospective study and assigned as follows: 62 cases to the intrathecal group and 149 patients to extracapuslar group. There were no statistic differences in the total number of lymph nodes, number of positive lymph nodes, and nodal staging between the two groups. However, the amount of bleeding in intrathecal group was significantly higher than that in extracapuslar group (p=0.000) and the operation time in intrathecal group was also significantly longer than that in extracapuslar group (p=0.000).Conclusion: Dissecting lymph nodes by extracapuslar dissection is preferred in radical resection of patients with rectal and sigmoid colon cancer. Statement: This paper compared the curative effect and safety between intrathecal and extracapsular lymph nodes dissection for patients with rectal and sigmoid colon cancer. This topic has never been reported in the literature and has great clinical significance.
Eumycetoma Osteomyelitis Calcaneus in Adolescent; Report of Case and Review in Literature.
Authors: Alwad Ammar , Alnaser Adnan , Abdelmaged Hozifa , Abdallah Reyad , Khougali Hussam S
Published: March 2021

Background: Mycetoma is the most common deep mycosis in humans. It is a chronic, progressive, and destructive disease primarily caused by actinomycetes (98%). It involves the skin, soft tissues and occasionally bone, central nervous system as well as internal organs, and characterized by formation of black grains and poor response to treatment. Case presentation: We present a case report about 19 year old male patient with annoying Right ankle pain and swelling for more than 1 year. Diagnosed initially as abscess and drainage was done 8 months ago without any improvement. No X-ray, biopsy or swab for culture and sensitivity done at time of first presentation. On his current presentation at Omdurman hospital mycetoma foot with osteomyelitis was diagnosed based on radiological and pathological assessment. Patient treated with aggressive debridement and bone curettage plus postoperative Itraconazole for 1 year. Conclusion: Surgical Debridement with aggressive bone curettage followed by regular follow up and X-ray can improve the prognosis and achieve good surgical outcome with very low risk of recurrence.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease
Authors: Lee Sua , Yang Chul Woo
Published: March 2021

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized disease, and a few epidemiologic studies about this disorder have been published. This research aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features and outcomes of IgG4-RD. Ninety-four patients who satisfied the comprehensive diagnostic criteria on IgG4-RD were included in this study. Fifty-eight (61.7%) were men. The mean age was 54.8 years, and the median follow-up duration was 32.9 months. The clinical feature between single and multiple organ involvement and with or without kidney involvement groups were evaluated based on symptoms and laboratory findings. The clinical outcome was assessed according to treatment strategies and response. Of 94 patients, 56 (59.6%) had multiple organs involvement. Patients with multiple organ involvement had higher serum IgG and IgG4 levels than those with single organ involvement. Those with IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) had worse renal function, and the incidence of peripheral blood eosinophilia and hypocomplementemia was higher in patients with renal involvement than in those without. Glucocorticoids-based therapy was most commonly used. (79.8%). Thirty-nine (41.5%) achieved complete remission. Eighteen (19.1%) relapsed after response to treatment. IgG4-RD had different clinical features and outcomes. The number of organ involvement and kidney involvement were not associated with clinical outcomes.
Predictive Factor for Emotional Fragility in Early Stage Melanoma Diagnosis 
Authors: Giacomo Dina , Guerra Federica , Ranieri Jessica , Cilli Eleonora
Published: March 2021

Objective. Melanoma patients remain at risk of disease progression for many years after diagnosis. Psychological distress, depression and anxiety are emotional conditions that negatively influence both the patients’ quality of life and the clinical course of the disease, laying down for a slow recovery as well as for an increase in comorbidity. Aim of the study was to analyze the psychological needs of young and adult patients diagnosed with early stage melanoma by gender sensitivity. Methods. A sample of 92 patients (age range 18-55 years) with diagnosis of melanoma stage T0-T1a-T1b participated in the study. The examined emotional variables were: psychological distress, depression, stress, anxiety, metacognitions and body self-perception. Results. The results highlighted significant gender differences: females appeared psychologically more vulnerable than males; another interesting point was no aging depending. Female emotional pattern showed higher anxiety, and psychological distress associated to lower positive self-perception of body image. No significant difference among cancer staging, as well as no interaction effect and neither significant covariance by age.Conclusion. Prevention and intervention protocols must be adapted taking into account gender differences in the adoption of preventive behaviors and compliance with medical recommendations
Farm Workers Exposure to Heat Extreme in Upcoming Years in Southern Part of Iran
Authors: Dehaghi Behzad Fouladi , Amini Mastaneh , Rangkooy Hossinali , Ghavamabadi Leila Ibrahimi
Published: March 2021

Excessive ambient air temperature due to global warming and climate change is capable of imposing heat stress on outdoor workers. In this study data of three synoptic metrological monitoring stations (locating at the cities of Ahvaz, Dezful and Dehdez) in a 30 years duration (1986-2016), was used. In order to predict the future trend of air temperature Hadley Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (HadCM) and Long Ashton Climate Generator (LARS) were applied. Also, Wet bulb global temperature (WBGT) index was used to determine heat stress. The results showed that the temperature will increase throughout the year in the coming years in the 3 cities. The rise of temperature rate between time duration of 2011-2040 and 2041-2070 will be about 5 ºc. And the rate of increase in air temperature in the city of Ahvaz will be higher than the other two cities. Also, WBGT index showed an increasing trend in each time period. According the results it was revealed that heat stress coincidence with global warming will increase and exposure to heat for farm workers will be much more severe.
Range of Motion Exercise Suppresses Myofibroblast Proliferation in the Joint Capsule in a Rat Joint Contracture Model
Authors: Matsuzaki Taro , Yoshida Shinya , Hoso Masahiro
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to perform range of motion exercises on a rat knee joint contracture model and clarify changes in the joint range of motion and number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule. Eighteen male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into the following three groups: control, immobilized, and exercise. The right hindlimb knee joints of rats in the immobilized and exercise groups were immobilized, and the animals in the exercise group started the range of motion exercises the day after the joint immobilization. After the two weeks experimental period, the range of knee joint extension angle was measured, and the knee joint was collected. To observe the posterior joint capsule of the rat knee joint, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunostaining were performed. Differences in knee extension restriction angles were significant between all groups, and differences in the number of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells were significant between the control and immobilization groups. These results indicate that joint immobilization leads to myofibroblast proliferation, whereas gentle exercise that does not maintain sufficient range of motion in the joint may inhibit myofibroblast proliferation.
Evaluation of Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Sequencing Library Preparation Protocols
Authors: Morrison Jacob , Koeman Julie M. , Johnson Benjamin K. , Foy Kelly K. , Zhou Wanding , Chesla David W. , Rossell Larissa L. , Siegwald Emily J. , Adams Marie , Shen Hui
Published: March 2021

Background: With rapidly dropping sequencing cost, the popularity of whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing has been on the rise. Multiple library preparation protocols exist, but a systematic evaluation and benchmarking of their performance against each other is currently lacking. We have performed 22 whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing experiments on fresh frozen human samples, and extensively benchmarked common library preparation protocols for whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing, including three traditional bisulfite-based protocols and a new enzyme-based protocol. Additionally, different input DNA quantities were compared for two kits compatible with a reduced starting quantity. In addition, we also present bioinformatic analysis pipelines for sequencing data from each of these library types.

Results: An assortment of metrics were collected for each kit, including raw read statistics, library quality and uniformity metrics, cytosine retention, and CpG beta value consistency between technical replicates. Overall, the NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq kit performed quantitatively better than the other three protocols at two different DNA input amounts. Additionally, the results for the different input amounts were generally consistent across all metrics.

Conclusions: Based on these results, we recommend use of the NEBNext Enzymatic Methyl-seq kit for whole-genome DNA methylation sequencing. Further, a general bioinformatic pipeline is applicable across the four protocols, with the exception of extra trimming needed for the Swift Bioscience's Accel-NGS Methyl-Seq protocol to remove the Adaptase sequence.
ISL1 Romotes Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) through Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Authors: Choi Jae Duck , Kim Tae Jin , Jeong Byong Chang , Jeon Hwang Gyun , Jeon Seong Soo , Kang Min Yong , Yeom Seon Yong , Seo Seong Il
Published: March 2021

Abnormal expression of insulin gene enhancer-binding protein 1 (ISL1) has been demonstrated to be closely associated with cancer development and progression in several cancers. However, little is known about ISL1 expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ISL1 has also been recognized as a positive modulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we focused on ISL1 which showed maximum upregulation at the mRNA level in the enzalutamide-resistant cell line. Accordingly, we found that ISL1 was overexpressed in enzalutamide-resistant C4-2B cells and its expression was significantly related to EMT. Our findings reveal the important role of ISL1 in androgen receptor (AR)-dependent prostate cancer cell growth; ISL1 knockdown reduced the AR activity and cell growth. ISL1 knockdown using small-interfering RNA inhibited AR, PSA, and EMT-related protein expression in C4-2B ENZR cells. In addition, knock-down ISL1 reduced the levels of AKT and p65 phosphorylation in C4-2B ENZR cells and these suggest that knock-down ISL1 suppresses EMT in part by targeting the AKT/ NF-κB pathway. Further, ISL1 downregulation could effectively inhibit tumor growth in a human CRPC xenograft model. Together, the present study shows that downregulation of ISL1 expression is necessary for overcoming enzalutamide resistance and improving the survival of CRPC patients.
Long-Term Characteristics of Midlatitude Mesosphere Summer Echoes (MSE) Observed with a VHF Radar at Wakkanai, Japan (45.4ºN)
Authors: Ogawa Tadahiko , Suzuki Hidehiko , Nishitani Nozomu , Murayama Yasuhiro , Kawamura Seiji
Published: March 2021

Midlatitude mesosphere summer echoes (MSE) at the VHF band (VHF-MSE) were observed for 13 years (2000-2002 and 2009-2018) with a 46.5 MHz radar at Wakkanai, Japan (45.4ºN, 141.8ºE). VHF-MSE are active during June-July and appear only in the daytime mainly at altitudes of 80-88 km with a maximum occurrence at 85 km and altitude extents of 1-4 km for a duration of about half an hour or more. The VHF-MSE occurrences are positively correlated with solar activity, but not with geomagnetic activity except for very high activity. Such long-term characteristics are mostly consistent with past VHF-MSE observations at higher midlatitudes in Europe.　No VHF-MSE were observed in 2002, 2014 and 2018, possible reasons for which are discussed. It is shown that cold ice particles in the upper mesosphere inducing MSE are advected from high latitudes to midlatitudes with equatorward wind. Thus, the MSE occurrences over Wakkanai are fundamentally controlled by both the solar activity and equatorward ice particle advection. One example of MSE at the HF band (HF-MSE) is presented to discuss spatial and temporal relationship between VHF-MSE and HF-MSE.
Exploration of Traditional Plant Based Medicines Used as Potential Remedies for Livestock Aliments in Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Ahmed , Muche Meseret , Muasya Muthama , Abraha Berhanu Tsegay
Published: March 2021

Background

Livestock production is an integral part of the agricultural industry and to the livelihood of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. However, livestock diseases and erosion of medicinal plants need urgent attention. Therefore this study was conducted to explore the ethnoveterinary plants and practices used to treat livestock ailments across varied agroclimatic zones in northeastern Ethiopia.
Methods

Information on the ethnoveterinary plants was collected between December 2019 and July 2020 across three districts using semi-structured questionnaire. The generated data included types of plants, parts used, preparations and routes of administration for treating livestock ailments. ANOVA and Chi-square were used to compute ethnoveterinarical indices among agroclimates.
Results

The present study revealed that there was a significant association (P = 0.001) between numbers of ethnoveterinary plant citations with sex, and age categories (P = 0.02), however, there were no considerable associations in educational status (P = 0.07). A total of 95 plants in 44 families were used by the healers for treatments of 45 livestock ailments. The ANOVA result showed that there was a significant difference in distribution of medicinal plant species (P < 0.01) in the agroclimatic zones. Irrespective of the variation, the most cited plant family with the largest number of species 10 (10.52 %) was Asteraceae and herbs 39 (42.8 %) were the dominant growth form reported. The most common plant part used for formulation of remedies was leaves 41 (39.05%) and crushing and pounding were the dominant mode of preparations. Most of plants were from the wild 65(70.65%) habitat. Considerable variations in Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citations (RFC) and Fidelity Level (FL) were observed among the survived agroclimates. Datura stramonium (UV = 0.85; FL = 90.4 %; RFCs = 0.8) was the most often cited species to treat livestock ailments. The highest ICF was observed for bloating (0.87), bloody diarrhea (0.85) and eye infection (0.84), respectively.
Conclusions

The studied districts are rich in both medicinal floras and concomitant traditional knowledge for the treatment of livestock ailments and therefore further studies on the phytochemical screening of ethnoveterinary plants is vital for inventory of pharmacological active ingredients and production of drugs.
Efficacy of Online Education during nCOVID- 19 pandemic lockdown among Medical and Allied Health Students in India
Authors: Debnath Manna , Ojha Santosh , Niraula Anupam , Sharma Dolly
Published: March 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused sensation and fear among the world population. World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 and India was one of the first countries to initiate the national pandemic lockdown. The teaching and learning process has been greatly impacted by this decisive step taken by the Government of India. Thereafter many institutes in India have adopted the online mode for the continuation of the teaching-learning process. A standard questionnaire was prepared and circulated among all participants within India via the online platform. A total of 1042 participants submitted their responses out of which 53% were females and 47% were males. 77% of students stated that they have attended online classes conducted by their respective educational institutes. The majority of the students were very much interested in online education (via Google platform, Zoom, etc.) but the practical knowledge was not adequate. Online education can be a good method of learning and improving the overall academic progress but it might not be as effective as a traditional education system for improving the practical aspect of learning in the case of the Medical and Allied Health students during the lockdown.
Relationship Between Sleep and Arthritis in a Middle-aged and Older Chinese Population- the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Chunnan , shaomei Shang
Published: March 2021

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between sleep duration, sleep restless and arthritis in middle-aged and older Chinese population. Methods. A total of 4957 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and above from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) wave 3 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for arthritis. Results. Sleep duration was shown to have a U-shaped association with arthritis after adjusting confounding factors. Compared with <5h sleep duration per night, ORs (95 % CIs) of sleep duration 5-7,7-8 and 8-9 h per night for arthritis were 0.61 (0.52– 0.73, P value <0.001) ,0.47 (0.38-0.58, P value <0.001),0.50 (0.41,0.60, P value <0.001)and 0.50 (0.39–0.64, P value <0.001), respectively. Sleep restless was positively correlated with the prevalence of arthritis. After stratification according to sleep restless status, for those without sleep restless, 8-9 hours duration (OR=0.55, 95 % CI 0.39-0.78,P value=0.001)had the best protective effect on arthritis, while7-8 hours duration (OR=0.45, 95 % CI 0.34-0.60,P value <0.001)was best in people with sleep restless. Conclusion. In middle aged and old Chinese population, sleep duration is U-shaped associated with arthritis, and sleep restless affect the correlation.
Age is Associated with the Efficacy of Anticoagulant Therapies Against Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Takahashi Kyosuke , Umemura Yutaka , Yamakawa Kazuma , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi
Published: March 2021

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) commonly complicates sepsis and considerably worsens mortality. Recent studies suggested that anticoagulant therapies improved mortality only in specific sepsis populations, and key pathologies for selecting optimal targets needed to be identified. Anticoagulant activities were naturally altered with aging. This study aimed to evaluate age-related differences in efficacy of anticoagulant therapies in sepsis.Methods: This post hoc analysis of a nationwide multicenter cohort study was conducted in 42 intensive care units in Japan. Adult patients with septic DIC were divided into anticoagulant and control groups. Age-related changes in predicted mortality in both groups were compared using a logistic regression model including two-way interaction terms. Patients were also stratified into three subsets based on age, and propensity score-adjusted Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine survival effect of anticoagulants in each subset.Results: We included 1432 patients with septic DIC; 867 patients received anticoagulants and 565 received none. Age-related change in predicted mortality was significantly different between groups (p for interaction = 0.013), and the gap between groups was broad in the younger population. Similarly, in Cox regression analyses, anticoagulant therapies were associated with significantly lower mortality in the subsets of age ≤60 and 60-79 (hazard ratios = 0.461, 0.617, p = 0.007, 0.005, respectively), whereas there was no difference in survival between the groups in the subsets of age ≥80.Conclusion: The efficacy of anticoagulant therapies for septic DIC might be associated with patient age.
Depth-related Variability of Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Diazotrophic Communities in Mangrove Sediments
Authors: Luo Zhiwen , Zhong Qiuping , Han Xingguo , Hu Ruiwen , Liu Xingyu , Huang Weiming , Zhou Zhengyuan , Zhuang Wei , Yan Qingyun , He Zhili , Wang Cheng
Published: March 2021

Background: Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) provide biological available nitrogen and play a pivotal role in nitrogen cycling of mangrove sediments. However, most studies on diazotrophs have been restricted to easily accessible surface sediments, while the diversity, structure and ecological function of diazotrophic communities at the in-depth profile of mangrove sediments are largely unknown. Here, we investigated how biological nitrogen fixation vary with depth of mangrove sediments from the perspective of both NFR and diazotrophic communities.Results: Through acetylene reduction assay, nifH gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing, we found that the nitrogen fixation rate (NFR) increased but the diversity of diazotrophic community decreased with the depth of mangrove sediments. The structure of diazotrophic communities at different depths was largely driven by salinity, and exhibited a clear divergence at the partition depth of 50 cm. Agrobacterium and Azotobacter were specifically enriched at 50-100 cm sediments, while aerobic diazotrophs such as Methylomonas had a higher abundance at 0-30 cm. Consistent with the higher NFR, metagenomic analysis indicated the elevated abundance of nitrogen fixation genes (nifH/D/K) in deeper sediment layers, where nitrification genes (amoA/B/C) and denitrification genes (nirK and norB) became less abundant. Three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of diazotrophs from deep mangrove sediments indicated their facultative anaerobic and amphitrophic lifestyles as they contained genes for low-oxygen-dependent metabolism, hydrogenotrophic respiration, carbon fixation and pyruvate fermentation.Conclusions: Together, this study determines the depth-related variability of NFR and diazotrophs, which potentially contribute to nitrogen sinks and relieve nitrogen limitation, especially in the deep sediments of mangrove ecosystems.
Citric Acid: An Alternative for the Removal of Root Canal Filling Materials 
Authors: Méndez-De-La-Espriella Catalina , Rodríguez-Ciodaro Adriana , Moreno-Sarmiento Alejandra , Mendieta-Flores Daniela , Yori-Roa Diana , Gutmann James Leo , Hungaro-Duarte Marco Antonio , Guerrero-Ferreccio Jenny , Salcedo-Reyes Juan Carlos , Méndez-Pinzón Henry Alberto
Published: March 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a smear-layer removing agent (citric acid) vs. an accepted gutta-percha-softening agent (Xylol) as an alternative substance for removing the root canal filling materials, while investigating the potential for associated demineralization effects. Materials and Methods: Seventy healthy, recently extracted premolars were used, ten as control, with sixty with their canals enlarged, shaped and cleaned and obturated using lateral compaction. Teeth were distributed into 3 groups as follows: 1) no solvent and mechanical removal of the filling materials; 2) 1ml of Xylol for 1 minute followed by mechanical removal; and 3) 10% citric acid for 1 minute followed by mechanical removal. Two sections of the root were used, one for Raman spectroscopy analysis to evaluate morphological changes in dentine surface and the other for micro-hardness testing (Vickers). Results: The use of 10% citric acid in in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer was more effective than the Xylol and mechanical group (p<0.05), presented less remnants of filling material debris and with non-observable demineralizing effects. Conclusion: Citric acid might be considered as a viable alternative in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer during root canal retreatment.Clinical Relevance: This research showed how citric acid can be used as an alternative in endodontic retreatment; how efficiently removed the filling material without damaging the dental tissue.
Maltese as a Foreign Language Educator’s Acquisition of Intercultural Capabilities
Authors: Zammit Jacqueline
Published: March 2021

This study sought to understand how teachers of Maltese as a foreign language (MFL) develop intercultural capabilities by exploring the importance of intercultural competence to MFL teachers, the characteristics of interculturally competent MFL educators, and how educators develop intercultural competence. The study adopted the interpretivist paradigm and a case study research design to collect qualitative data. Seventeen MFL teachers of adult learners were purposefully selected and interviewed. Findings regarding the perceptions of the teachers who were interviewed are as follows. Firstly, the participants stated that intercultural competence is important for MFL teachers because it helps them to embrace diversity, to help adult learners to learn the target language (i.e. Maltese) better, and to be sensitive and accommodative to learners from different backgrounds. Secondly, according to the participants, an interculturally capable person is one who knows their own culture and others’ cultural aspects, respects and accepts other cultures. It was also found that teachers develop intercultural capabilities through learning at a school and by visiting other countries and being immersed in the cultures of those countries. The implications of the findings as supported by existing literature, are that intercultural competence is important for foreign language teachers and as a result, intercultural training, learning through interactions with others and visits to other countries are necessary to develop intercultural capabilities.
Non-Maxwellian distribution in linear systems and its applications
Authors: Humire Fernando , Caicedo Rolando , Filho Ernesto Ruppert , García–Ñustes Mónica
Published: March 2021

Bimodality is a typical behavior of bistable nonlinear stochastic differential equations. In this work, we find an exact result for calculating the dynamical and stationary probability distribution function in a simple linear system driven by an asymmetric Markovian dichotomous noise. The results show that asymmetric dichotomous noise leads to a unimodal-bimodal distribution transition, exhibiting eight different non-Maxwellian stationary probability distribution profiles in the parameter space. The noise-induced transitions depend on the correlation time, which characterizes the asymmetric dichotomous noise. The calculations are performed using a linear configuration; but applications to other systems governed by nonlinear equations such as single species population growth models are discussed. In the proper limits, the symmetric case, including the Gaussian white noise limit, is recovered. Numerical simulations show good agreement with analytical results. Finally, a possible experimental setup is proposed.
Comparison study between the elevation and datum statics in NC 210, western Libya
Authors: Alhajni Riyadh
Published: March 2021

This research compares the results of each method to solve problems caused by sand dunes, In the southwestern region of Libya, the Murzuq basin is covered with sand dunes, which are a significant source of noise in land seismic data, which caused issues in seismic processing, also sand dunes cause increases of travel time of reflected events in seismic data, procuring false structures this problem caused by residual static errors. The presence of extensive sand dunes causes logistic and technical difficulties for seismic reflection prospecting, Due to the steep angle of repose of the sand dunes faces and the low seismic velocity within them, which causes significant time delay to the reflected waves. In this research, three seismic lines (202, 207, 209), of total length 12 km, have been completely reprocessed at Western Geco processing center (Tripoli) using omega software. the methods of gain corrections: time function gain and geometric spreading. Spreading amplitude compensation, has been proceed the results will be compared to another method of gain corrections called residual amplitude analysis compensation (RAAC) which is has better results for static problems the conventional method of computing field statics has been implemented and the result is compared with elevation static. It is obtained by using uphole method (conventional method) yielded a significant improvement over the elevation method.
Penggunaan Algoritma CART untuk Pemilihan Bingkai Kacamata dengan Penerapan Model Morfologi Indeks Wajah untuk Identifikasi Bentuk Wajah
Authors: Retno Hapsari Angga Ayu , Gernowo Rachmat , Widodo Catur Edi
Published: February 2021

The large variety of frame shapes and sizes make it difficult for consumers to choose which one suits their face. The absence of a standard frame style guide between face types against the eyeglass frame complicates the selection of eyeglass frames. The application of the Zen principle (balance) in the selection of the right frame expected to be a consideration in choosing eyeglass frame. Various forms of eyeglass frames that look like a square, round and oval make the Zen principle difficult to apply, so machine learning is needed to be able to create eyeglass frames selection system. Face shape identification help to determine eyeglass frames. Face shape identification is done based on the morphological facial index by calculating face length and width. The decision tree CART algorithm is chosen as a method for selecting eyeglass frames. The study uses 109 face data that have been selected by the optical, from 109 data divided into two parts, 100 training data, and 9 test data. The prediction system produces an accuracy value of 93% at max depth 6 for reading glasses and 91% for sunglasses. The implementation of the CART algorithm is proven to be able to predict the selection of eyeglass frames using morphological attributes of face index.
Evaluación de la germinación del polen de Zea mays a través de metodologías in vitro en Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Escobar Pallares Rafael Segundo , Pardey Rodriguez Catherine
Published: March 2021

La viabilidad del polen es un parámetro fundamental en la formación de la semilla, existen diferentes técnicas para su evaluación, de las cuales la germinación in vitro, presenta resultados confiables. El polen de maíz tiene dificultad para germinar en medios de cultivo debido a la morfología y fisiología. Este estudio, tuvo como objetivo evaluar cinco formulaciones de germinación in vitro sobre polen de maíz del híbrido Synko sembrada bajo las condiciones climáticas de la ciudad de Santa Marta-Colombia. El periodo de antesis se dio 50 días después de la siembra; los granos de polen recolectados fueron puestos de inmediato, sobre cinco medios de cultivo ya referenciados en maíz, los cuales están constituidos por diferentes formulaciones de agar - agar, sacarosa, nitrato de calcio y ácido bórico. El arreglo estadístico fue un diseño completo al azar, ocho repeticiones por tratamiento y dos replicas en el tiempo. El conteo de granos de polen viables se hizo sobre cuatro campos por caja de petri, sobre 50 granos por campo, para el conteo, se empleó un estéreo microscopio Leica M205, y en un microscopio compuesto de luz a 40X. Se utilizó como referencia de viabilidad la tinción con acetocarmin al 2 %, en 10 portaobjetos por réplica, 100 granos de polen por portaobjetos. El medio constituido por 0,6 % de agar-agar, 17 % de sacarosa, y 0,03 % de nitrato de calcio, registró los valores más alto de germinación de granos de polen; este fue de 70,13 %. La tinción del polen con acetocarmin superó los porcentajes de viabilidad in vitro.
Using Natural Compounds to Target KRAS Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Niloy Mahruba Sultana , Shakil Md. Salman , Alif Md. Meharab Hassan , Rosengren Rhonda J.
Published: March 2021

Approximately 85% of all lungs cancer cases are classified as non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC). Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) viral oncogene homolog mutations
frequently occur in NSCLC patients resulting in a decreased overall survival. Additionally,
currently used chemotherapeutic drugs lack selectivity,and patients experience side effects.
Therefore, potent therapeutic agents are urgently needed for these patients. Plant-
based compounds could be a potential option to treat KRAS-mutated NSCLC. These
compounds are reported to be effective against the KRAS-linked up-stream and downstream
signaling pathways that are directly or indirectly linked with cell proliferation, division,
and apoptosis. Additionally, plant phytochemicals also suppressed different cell
cycle phases of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells. Furthermore, phytochemicals have a wider
therapeutic index compared to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, phytochemicals could
benefit NSCLC patients as sole agents or as a combination therapy with approved chemotherapies.
The current review aims to summarize the potential benefit of natural compounds
in KRAS-mutant NSCLC.