bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravity Energy Storage: A Review on System Types, Techno‐Economic Assessment and Integration With Renewable Energy
Authors: Cai Kun , Han Yifeng , Xia Rui , Wu Jinming , Wang Jun , Lund Peter D.
Published: December 2024

Gravity energy storage (GES) technology relies on the vertical movement of heavy objects in the gravity field to store or release potential energy which can be easily coupled to electricity conversion. GES can be matched with renewable energy such as photovoltaic and wind power. Considering the potential relevance of GES in the future power market, this review focuses on different types of GES, their techno‐economic assessment, and integration with renewable energy. The review shows that pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) has reached a high maturity level as a technical system and is well covered by economic evaluation methods, whereas solid gravity energy storage (SGES) is still in an initial stage for system design and assessment. Development and improvement of integration methods between various renewable energy sources and GES are key future development directions.
Fertilitätsprotektion bei benignen Erkrankungen
Authors: Böttcher Bettina
Published: December 2024

Zunehmend stellen auch benigne Erkrankungen mit erforderlicher gonadotoxischer oder operativer Therapie oder genetische Prädispositionen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine prämature Ovarialinsuffizienz Indikationen für fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen dar. Für diese Thematik sollte interdisziplinär zunehmend sensibilisiert werden, um diese Patientinnen frühzeitig zu identifizieren. Allerdings ist die Datenlage, beispielsweise zu Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen, Risiken und die spätere Inanspruchnahme, noch sehr limitiert. Über eine altersabhängig reduzierte ovarielle Reserve und eine nicht zu späte Familienplanung sollte generell im Sinne einer „fertility awareness“ informiert werden.
Resilienzförderung durch Musik und Kunst
Authors: Hennenberg Beate , Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: December 2024

Für die Krankheitsverarbeitung und Erhaltung der psychischen Gesundheit spielen das Zusammenwirken von Medizin, Krankheitswahrnehmung und Musik sowie die Musik im Krankenhaussetting eine Rolle. Die als musikpädagogisches Seminar der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst am Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics (CCP) an der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde (UKKJ) Wien veranstaltete Musikwerkstatt You Smile richtet sich an Kinder und Jugendliche, die aufgrund schwerer und schwerster Erkrankungen für längere Zeit im Krankenhaus betreut werden müssen. Dieses pädagogische Projekt zielt darauf ab, Kindern zu zweit oder in Kleingruppensettings nicht nur einen Zugang zur Musik zu bieten, sondern sie auch in ihren musikalischen und sozialen Kompetenzen zu stärken und ihnen in einer schwierigen Lebensphase emotionale Unterstützung zu geben. Die Instrumentalpädagogik konzentriert sich traditionell auf den Unterricht in formellen Bildungseinrichtungen, so auch in diesem neuen edukativen, kommunikativen musikpädagogischen Kontext im Krankenhaussetting.
Amalgamating Urban Scaling and Economic Complexity for New Metrics of Urban Fitness
Authors: Sahasranaman Anand , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft
Published: December 2024

We propose a synthesis of the independent scientific frameworks of economic complexity and urban scaling into a consistent mechanism—city complexity—to measure multi-dimensional fitness of cities. Essentially, we use deviations from scaling law for a given set of urban outcomes as the basis to construct a bipartite city-outcome matrix. This matrix forms the input into the economic complexity methodology, which iterates over a pair of coupled non-linear maps, computing fitness of cities and complexity of outcomes. We test our algorithm with data from American cities and find that the emergent city fitness measure is consistent with expected behavior across the set of outcomes studied. We also find temporal evolution of city fitness and outcome complexity to be in agreement with theoretical expectation. Finally, we perturb the metrics to conditions of widespread socioeconomic stress and find that outcomes are indicative of the robustness of the city complexity algorithm. Overall, these findings suggest that the city complexity mechanism proposed here produces systematic, self-consistent metrics and can be applied across any set of diverse outcomes, irrespective of the specifics of national urban contexts.
Managerial identity work: a systematic literature review with a conceptual model
Authors: Westen Wiktoria , Graça Manuel
Published: December 2024

This article presents a systematic review of Managerial Identity Work (MIW) literature, the ongoing process through which managers shape, negotiate, and redefine their professional identities in response to organizational, societal, and personal pressures. By synthesizing 61 empirical studies based on the PRISMA methodology, eight central themes within MIW are identified: identity work of first-time managers, identity work of experienced managers, management development programs, external perceptions of identity, blurred identity, creation of preferred identity, identity work as a medium, and identity work of minorities. These themes are further integrated into aggregate dimensions—knowledge, awareness, motivation, and privilege—culminating in a conceptual model that elucidates the relationships between them. This study not only consolidates the extant literature but also provides a framework for understanding the key factors shaping managerial identity formation. By mapping the geographical and industrial contexts of MIW research, this review uncovers gaps in the literature and proposes directions for future inquiry, particularly regarding MIW’s implications for leadership development, organizational culture, and managerial legitimacy.
Konzeptanalyse „Aktivierende Pflege“
Authors: Hinsche Laura Merve , Hasseler Martina , Krebs Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Seit langem sind Versorgungslücken in der Nachsorge nach einer stationären Krankenhausbehandlung ein bekanntes Problem. Die Übergangspflege nach § 39e SGB V soll die Nachsorge optimieren, sie erfordert jedoch konzeptionelle und rechtliche Verbesserungen, einschließlich einer wissenschaftlichen Konzeptanalyse zur Implementierung der aktivierenden Pflege nach § 11 Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) XI.

Methodik

Die Konzeptanalyse (nach Rodgers) und die dazugehörige Literaturrecherche und Analyse der integrierte Literaturquellen wurden durchgeführt. Die Analyse fördert ein umfassendes Verständnis des Konzepts für die pflegerische Praxis und wissenschaftliche Forschung.

Ergebnis

In der Konzeptanalyse zeigt sich ein multidimensionales Konzept der aktivierenden Pflege, welches eine personenzentrierte und individuelle Pflege impliziert. Die Dimensionen beinhalten Inhalte aus dem Bereich Autonomie, Teilhabe, Mobilität, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens, Lebensqualität, Eigenständigkeit, Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention.

Diskussion

Der Begriff der „aktivierenden Pflege“ ist vielschichtig. Die Umsetzung fällt in verschiedenen Gesundheitsbereichen komplex aus. Sie umfasst präventive, gesundheitsfördernde und rehabilitative Elemente, mit klaren Schnittstellen zur rehabilitativen Pflege. Die WHO-Konzepte „healthy ageing“ und „active ageing“ sowie der personenzentrierte Ansatz nach Kitwood betonen die individuelle Betreuung.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Konzeptanalyse der „aktivierenden Pflege“ betont ihre Multidimensionalität und die Notwendigkeit, das Pflegeverständnis über einfache Verrichtungen hinaus zu erweitern, sowie die Bedeutung von Autonomie, Lebensqualität und Teilhabe in der Patientenversorgung. Sie kann die Entwicklung von Qualitätsindikatoren und Outcomes fördern, um die Effektivität und Implementierung der aktivierenden Pflege in der Praxis zu verbessern.
“The dynamics of IP contract patterns in the German biotechnology industry – a mixed-methods approach”
Authors: Grebe Steffen , Jarchow Svenja
Published: December 2024

Academic spin-offs play a pivotal role in leveraging the economic potential of scientific discoveries by transferring research results into marketable technologies, products, and services. The creation of a spin-off is frequently formalized through an intellectual property (IP) contract between the research institution and the new venture, which establishes the foundation for the spin-off’s initial growth. While the broad impact of research institutions on IP contract patterns is acknowledged, further investigation is required to ascertain the specific effects of their individual preferences. Furthermore, country-specific characteristics influence technology transfer practices. However, the lack of empirical data on IP contract patterns in research-intensive nations, such as Germany, impedes a comprehensive analysis. This study examines the impact of the individual risk and reward assessments of German public research institutions on the design of IP contract patterns. A sequential mixed-methods approach is employed, starting with a survey of biotechnology spin-offs to collect empirical data on IP contract patterns. This is complemented by semi-structured expert interviews with technology transfer managers to triangulate the survey data and gain insights from the perspective of the research institutions. Our findings suggest that the observed heterogeneity in IP contract patterns can be attributed to the varying risk and reward assessments of research institutions. The resource-based view allows us to demonstrate that these variations arise from institutional preferences regarding the transfer of IP ownership versus licensing IP to spin-offs and accepting spin-off equity and/or cash compensation. The resource-based considerations in question vary between universities and non-university research institutions and are shaped by the individual IP strategies and resource endowments of each.
Catheter-directed therapy with the FlowTriever system for intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism: a single-centre experience
Authors: Hart Einar A. , Eenhoorn Paul , Nijkeuter Mathilde , Ruigrok Dieuwertje , van der Heijden Joris J. , Voskuil Michiel , Liu Tommy K. K. , Balder Jan Willem , van de Hoef Tim P. , van der Harst Pim , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Dickinson Michael G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Pulmonary embolism is an important cause of preventable mortality. Treatment strategies depend on risk stratification. High-risk patients, and some intermediate-high-risk patients, require urgent reperfusion therapy. Systemic thrombolysis (ST) is the effective first-choice treatment in these patients; however, the high risk of bleeding complications is a major drawback. In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, we report our experience with the FlowTriever thrombosuction system as an alternative or adjunct to ST in intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data of all patients treated with the FlowTriever system from December 2021 until March 2024 were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Primary outcomes were technical success rate, 30-day all-cause mortality and major bleeding.

Results

Twenty-one patients were treated with the FlowTriever system, 14 of whom were considered high risk. The technical success rate was 100%. Thirty-day all-cause mortality was 29% and major bleeding was recorded in 5 patients (24%), of which one bleeding event was related to the FlowTriever procedure. A significant reduction was seen in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular end-diastolic dimension.

Conclusion

In intermediate-high and high-risk pulmonary embolism patients with ST treatment failure or a contraindication for ST, the FlowTriever thrombosuction system seems to be a minimally invasive alternative treatment modality with low complication rates.
Stating Rules or Imparting Knowledge? An Intervention Experiment on the Trust and Sharing of Seismic Rumors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China
Authors: Sun Lei , Guo Jun , Liu Xingyu
Published: December 2024

Seismic rumors can mislead the public and trigger unnecessary actions, underscoring the importance of their control in disaster management. This study examined the impact of two different intervention tools—rule-based intervention and knowledge-based intervention—on the trust and sharing of seismic rumors. We designed a survey experiment to explore this issue, and 500 respondents participated in the experiment. The results indicate that the rule-based intervention significantly reduced the public’s trust in and intention to share seismic rumors, but the knowledge-based intervention failed. Possible mechanisms are that the rule-based intervention raises awareness of the unreliability of disaster information sources and costs associated with sharing rumors. It is suggested that communicating the existing rules and policies regarding disaster information release might be an effective approach to rendering disaster rumors uncreditable and then reducing people’s intention to share. These findings enrich our understanding of the effectiveness of different intervention tools regarding rumor behavior in disaster scenarios and offer insights for practical seismic rumor management.
Bidirectional Evacuation in Subway Fires Considering the Number of Retrograders and Proactive Avoidance Behavior Based on Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Deng Qing , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Shirong , Deng Li , Xu Ye , Zhu Jialing , Jiang Huiling , Yu Feng
Published: December 2024

Subway fires often cause significant casualties and property losses. There are some special bidirectional coupling scenarios during subway fires, such as firefighters moving against the evacuation flow to extinguish fires, emergency managers going to the fire scene to respond to emergencies, or other similar scenarios. How to evacuate passengers quickly and enable responders to enter the fire scene has become a big challenge for subway fire evacuation and response. The core goal is to reduce the degree of mutual interaction between these people moving in opposite directions. In this study, the impact of counterflow individuals and proactive avoidance behavior on evacuation processes was investigated through experiments and simulations. The Fire Dynamic Simulator was used to simulate the development of a fire scenario to determine the available safe egress time. Micro-evacuation experiments were conducted to obtain actual evacuation parameters, such as the speeds of different objects. With these parameters as input, a macro subway fire scenario was built to simulate the bidirectional evacuation process. Consistent conclusions were obtained from the experiments and evacuation simulations. The results indicate that the overall evacuation time increases with the number of retrograders. Proactive avoidance behavior can effectively reduce the travel time of counterflow individuals, but it causes slight delays for forward-moving evacuees. An optimization strategy was implemented through conductor guidance. All passengers can successfully evacuate under the optimization strategy, with a 25.3% improvement in overall evacuation time. This research provides some insights into the coordinated evacuation and emergency response during subway fires or similar scenarios.
Air Pollution and Temperature in Seizures and Epilepsy: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Sharma Rachit , Schinasi Leah H. , Lee Brian K. , Weuve Jennifer , Weisskopf Marc G. , Sheffield Perry E. , Clougherty Jane E.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of the Review

Seizures and epilepsy can be debilitating neurological conditions and have few known causes. Emerging evidence has highlighted the potential contribution of environmental exposures to the etiology of these conditions, possibly manifesting via neuroinflammation and increased oxidative stress in the brain. We conducted a scoping review of epidemiological literature linking air pollution and temperature exposures with incidence and acute aggravation of seizures and epilepsy. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO databases for peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from inception to February 7, 2024.

Recent Findings

We identified a total of 34 studies: 16 examined air pollution exposure, 12 ambient temperature, and six examined both air pollution and ambient temperature. Most studies were conducted in Asia (China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan). Nearly all studies retrospectively derived acute (daily average), ambient, and postnatal exposure estimates from ground monitoring systems and ascertained epilepsy cases or seizure events through record linkage with medical records, health registry systems, or insurance claims data. Commonly assessed exposures were particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and daily mean ambient temperature. Overall, the main findings across studies lacked consistency, with mixed results reported for the associations of air pollutants and temperature metrics with both seizure incidence and acute aggravations of epilepsy.
Understanding Echoics: Identifying Predictive Indicators of Vocal Imitation
Authors: Mason Lee , Bolds Alexis , Gavagan Maeve , Ninness Chris
Published: December 2024

A growing body of literature supports the use of echoic prompts toward conditioning other functional language skills. However, many individuals with autism spectrum disorder do not emit echoic behavior. Identifying the prerequisite skills of an echoic repertoire may be beneficial for intervention planning and clinical decision making. A chart review was conducted for 118 patients with autism who received early intensive behavioral intervention. We examined the Level 1 scores on the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (Sundberg, 2014) for all patients. Using their scores on the echoic skills subtest as a dependent variable, we ran a binomial logistic regression in which the remaining eight domains, along with age and sex, served as independent variables. Our logistic regression model was statistically significant: X2(10) = 109.61, p < .001. The model explained 86.0% of the variance in echoic verbal behavior and correctly classified 95.8% of cases. Patients who demonstrated a mand repertoire were greater than 3.5 times more likely to also exhibit an echoic repertoire. Additionally, vocal play and motor imitation were associated with an increased ability to echo. Using binomial logistic regression, we identified three predictors influencing the echoic behavior of children with autism. Patients who demonstrated these three skills were statistically significantly more likely to echo the vocal verbal behavior of others. Additional research is now needed to confirm a functional relationship between each of these predictors and echoic control.
Metabolic, genetic and immunological features of relatives of type 1 diabetes patients with elevated insulin resistance
Authors: Codazzi V. , Salvatore V. , Ragogna F. , Marzinotto I. , Anselmo A. , Baldoni N. , Pastore M. R. , Martinenghi S. , Stabilini A. , Bosi E. , Giustina A. , Piemonti L. , Libman I. , Ismail H. M. , Redondo M. J. , Lampasona V. , Monti P. , Giovenzana A. , Petrelli A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the preclinical stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Objective

This study aims at exploring the genetic, metabolic, and immunological features associated with insulin resistance among individuals at risk of developing T1D.

Methods

We retrospectively selected relatives of individuals with T1D from participants in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study. They were categorized into two groups: high-H (n = 27) and low-H (n = 30), based on the upper and lower quartiles of insulin resistance assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Genetic predisposition was determined using the T1D Genetic Risk Score 1 (GRS1). Additionally, glucose control was evaluated through an oral glucose tolerance test and levels of metabolic hormones and inflammatory cytokines were measured in the serum. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to assess frequency and phenotype of islet-specific CD8 T cells.

Results

While GRS1 were similar between the low-H and high-H groups, high-H individuals displayed a distinct metabolic profile, characterized by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, even while maintaining normoglycemia. Circulating cytokine levels were similar between the two groups. However, immune profiling revealed a central memory and activated profile of GAD65-specific CD8 T cells, along with an increased frequency of insulin-specific CD8 T cells in high-H individuals. The enrichment in insulin-specific CD8 T cells was independent of body mass.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the intricate interplay between insulin resistance, genetic factors, and immune activation in the context of T1D susceptibility, indicating potential connections between insulin resistance and immune responses specific to islet cells.
Multimodal defect analysis and application of virtual machining for solid-state manufactured aluminium structure
Authors: Yakubov Vladislav , Ostergaard Halsey , Bhagavath Shishira , Leung Chu Lun Alex , Hughes James , Yasa Evren , Khezri Mani , Löschke Sandra K. , Li Qing , Paradowska Anna M.
Published: December 2024

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is an emerging solid-state non-fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which produces parts with wrought-like material properties, high deposition rates, and low residual stresses. However, impact of process interruption on defect formation and mechanical properties has not yet been well addressed in the literature. In this study, Al6061 aluminium structure with two final heights and deposition interruption is successfully manufactured via AFSD and characterised. Defect analysis conducted via optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray computed tomography reveals > 99% relative density with minimal defects in centre of the parts. However, tunnel defects at interface between substrate and deposit as well as kissing bonds are present. Edge of deposit contains tunnel defects due to preference for greater material deposition on advancing side of rotating tool. Virtual machining highlights the ability to remove defects via post-processing, avoiding mechanical performance impact of stress concentrating pores. Electron backscatter diffraction revealed regions with localised shear bands that contain 1–5 µm equivalent circular diameter grains. Kissing bonds are exhibited in areas separated by large grain size difference. Meanwhile, Vickers hardness testing reveals hardness variation with deposit height. This work advances the understanding of complex microstructure development, material flow, and mechanical behaviour of AFSD Al6061 alloy.
Electromotive field in space and astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Bourdin Ph.-A. , Narita Y.
Published: December 2024

The concept of electromotive field appears in various applications in space and astrophysical plasmas. A review is given on the electromotive field highlighting our current understanding of the theoretical picture and the spacecraft observations in interplanetary space. The electromotive field is a key concept to successfully close the set of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic equations and also to construct a more complete picture of space plasma turbulence. Applications to astrophysical cases (Earth magnetosphere, heliospheric shocks, interstellar medium, and relativistic jets) are also briefly introduced, as well.
Effect of Cu addition on microstructure, wear, and corrosion resistance of AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cux (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) high-entropy alloys
Authors: Babilas Rafał , Kądziołka-Gaweł Mariola , Bajorek Anna , Gębara Piotr , Radoń Adrian , Warski Tymon , Bialas Oktawian , Spilka Monika , Łoński Wojciech , Młynarek-Żak Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The influence of copper addition on the structure and selected properties of AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cux high-entropy alloys is described. Slowly cooled ingots were prepared by induction melting, and the samples in the form of plates were obtained by pressure casting. The conducted structural studies confirmed the presence of BCC/B2 phase. Microsegregation in the ingots was associated with the formation of intermetallic Cr3Si and Fe5Si3 phases. An increase in the cooling rate stopped segregation by reducing the mobility of Cr and Si. The hyperfine magnetic field distributions indicated the formation of the BCC Fe(Co,Ni,Si,Cr) solid solution for alloys in the form of plates. The lowest corrosion-current density (0.04 μA/cm2) in 3.5%-NaCl solution was obtained for the plate with the lowest copper content. The dominated aluminum surface states for the post-corrosive plates highlighted the binding energies of Al2O3. A tendency of reduced coercivity with increased copper content was observed. The positive effect of copper addition on wear resistance was confirmed for the AlCoCrFeNiSi0.5Cu0.1 alloy.
Unmasking camouflage: exploring the challenges of large language models in deciphering African American language & online performativity
Authors: Kleiner Shana , Grieser Jessica A. , Miller Shug , Shepard James , Garcia-Perez Javier , Deas Nick , Patton Desmond U. , Turcan Elsbeth , McKeown Kathleen
Published: December 2024

The growing accessibility of large language models (LLMs) has raised many questions about the reliability of probabilistically generated natural language responses. While researchers have documented how bias in the training data leads to biased and ethically problematic output, little attention has been paid to the problems which arise from the nature of the varieties of language on which these models are trained. In particular, certain kinds of expressive and performative language use are more common among African American social media users than they occur in the naturalistic speech of African Americans, a discrepancy which models may fail to take into account when they are training on easily-scraped data as being representative of African American speech. Because LLM training data is generally proprietary, in this work we simulate the training data using a collected dataset consisting of 274 posts from Twitter, Reddit, and Hip-Hop lyrics and analyze how LLMs interpreted their meaning. We highlight the difficulties LLMs, including GPT-3 and GPT-4, have in understanding performative AAL and examine how camouflaging and performativity are addressed (or not) by LLMs and demonstrate the harmful implications of misinterpreting online performance.
The anatomy of ride-hailing trips in the Jakarta metro: spatial patterns, trip-level characteristics, and interaction with other modes
Authors: Widita Alyas , Ikaputra  , Widyastuti Dyah T.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a baseline understanding on the anatomy of car-based ride-hailing (CBRH) and motorcycle-based ride-hailing (MBRH) trips in emerging economies, using the case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Leveraging innovative urban data collection technologies, as manifested in an app-based travel survey with high granularity, this study unravels the spatial patterns of ride-hailing trips, trip-level characteristics (purpose, distance, time of day, duration), and their interaction with other modes, particularly transit. Based on recorded ride-hailing trips and a suite of descriptive analyses, findings suggest that: 1) ride-hailing is primarily a central city phenomenon, with most trips occurring to and from dense and spatially mixed neighborhoods; 2) there are substantial differences in trip characteristics between CBRH and MBRH; and 3) a predominant share of ride-hailing trips are stand-alone trips, coupled with insights that nearly 40% of ride-hailing trips likely fill the gap where quality transit services are lacking.
Comparative study of electron temperature and ion energy in two different magnetic nozzle thruster designs
Authors: Schäfer Clara E. , Schmidt Jens , Plettenberg Felix , Chan Yung-An , Grabe Martin , Schramm Jan Martinez , Holste Kristof , Klar Peter J.
Published: December 2024

Conventional ion thruster technologies face challenges such as electrode and grid erosion and the need for additional neutralizer devices. In this article, we discuss two thruster concepts that achieve plasma acceleration by means of a magnetic nozzle, and thus avoid the need of a neutralizer device. The concept of a magnetic nozzle converting the thermal energy available in the electrons movement to ion kinetic energy is a well accepted model in the community. We discuss a novel thruster concept based on electrode-less electron cyclotron resonance plasma generation via a slot antenna design. The geometry of this thruster concept results in a converging-diverging character of the magnetic field topology along the plume direction. To this date it is not known in which way this new thruster design influences the electron dynamics and thus the ion energy. To understand the correlation between ion energy and electron temperature of this thruster system, it is compared with a well-known thruster prototype operating on similar principles, however, realizing microwave coupling and magnetic field topology in a different way. Both thruster designs operate within comparable power, frequency, and volume flow ranges. The ion energy with maximum probability is measured for both thrusters using a retarding potential analyzer in the same vacuum environment. Additionally, the electron temperature is measured with a Langmuir probe for various operation points of the thrusters, differing in input power level, volume flow, set excitation frequency, and argon or xenon as propellant.
Artificial intelligence on biomedical signals: technologies, applications, and future directions
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Park Cheoljeong , Kim Hodam , Cho Seong J. , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: December 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into biomedical signal analysis represents a significant breakthrough in enhanced precision and efficiency of disease diagnostics and therapeutics. From traditional computational models to advanced machine learning algorithms, AI technologies have improved signal processing by efficiently handling complexity and interpreting intricate datasets. Understanding physiological data, which requires highly trained professionals, is now more accessible; in regions with limited access, AI tools expand healthcare accessibility by providing high-level diagnostic insights, ultimately improving health outcomes. This review explores various AI methodologies, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and examines their synergy for biomedical signal analysis and future directions in medical science. By capturing a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects of AI-driven healthcare, this paper highlights the transformative potential of AI in analyzing biomedical signals.

Graphical Abstract
Mini-InternVL: a flexible-transfer pocket multi-modal model with 5% parameters and 90% performance
Authors: Gao Zhangwei , Chen Zhe , Cui Erfei , Ren Yiming , Wang Weiyun , Zhu Jinguo , Tian Hao , Ye Shenglong , He Junjun , Zhu Xizhou , Lu Lewei , Lu Tong , Qiao Yu , Dai Jifeng , Wang Wenhai
Published: December 2024

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in vision-language tasks across a wide range of domains. However, the large model scale and associated high computational cost pose significant challenges for training and deploying MLLMs on consumer-grade GPUs or edge devices, thereby hindering their widespread application. In this work, we introduce Mini-InternVL, a series of MLLMs with parameters ranging from 1 billion to 4 billion, which achieves 90% of the performance with only 5% of the parameters. This significant improvement in efficiency and effectiveness makes our models more accessible and applicable in various real-world scenarios. To further promote the adoption of our models, we are developing a unified adaptation framework for Mini-InternVL, which enables our models to transfer and outperform specialized models in downstream tasks, including autonomous driving, medical image processing, and remote sensing. We believe that our models can provide valuable insights and resources to advance the development of efficient and effective MLLMs.
Anticancer potentials of bioactive compounds in some locally available spices in Nigeria
Authors: Saheed Emmanuel Saviour
Published: December 2024

Spices have garnered widespread appreciation and extensive research in numerous nations for their potential in treating chronic and life-threatening illnesses, including cancer. Nigeria, located in the African area, is experiencing an annual increase in cancer mortality. Multiple scientific studies substantiate the cancer-preventive attributes of spices, including cloves, cinnamon, garlic, ginger, and turmeric, which are widely available in Nigeria. This review primarily examines the bioactive chemicals found in these spices. Some of these compounds have demonstrated noteworthy anticancer and cancer preventative effects in both experimental models and human clinical studies. This study offers a comprehensive update on the anticancer potential of some locally accessible spices in Nigeria. The purpose of this review is to show studies carried out in test tubes, living organisms, and humans on these selected spices in order to determine their potential as cancer treatments and management agents, as well as the bioactive components that are responsible for these effects.

Graphical Abstract
A brief review on methods and materials for electrode modification: electroanalytical applications towards biologically relevant compounds
Authors: Pimpilova Mariya
Published: December 2024

This review provides an overview of the advancements in electrochemical sensors and biosensors, along with their applications. The review covers the methods and materials used for modifying the surface of electrodes, and also discusses the use of electrochemical sensors for quantitative analysis of biologically relevant compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide, dopamine, serotonin, glucose, and other markers of oxidative stress and neurotransmitters. Various electrochemical characterization methods have also been highlighted. Recently, there has been a growing interest in combining recognition elements with electronic elements to establish electrochemical sensors and biosensors. These devices have proven to be effective in detecting chemical and biological targets through changes in electrochemical activity at electrode interfaces. The use of nanomaterials has significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensing platforms. Electrode materials are critical to the construction of high-performance sensors for detecting target molecules. The integration of functional nanomaterials can enhance catalytic activity, conductivity, and biocompatibility, leading to more accurate and sensitive biosensing. Overall, the development of functional electrode materials, along with various electrochemical methods, has greatly expanded the potential applications of electrochemical devices.

Graphical Abstract
INAHTA member agency stories of engaging, adaptable, and impactful HTA
Authors: Söderholm Werkö Sophie , Bouchard Sylvie , Romli Erni Z. , Li Chunmei , Huang Li-Ying , Pelekanou Charlotte , Elston Lauren , Schuller Tara
Published: December 2024

Health technology assessment (HTA) agencies assess evidence to support decision making about which technologies to provide and pay for in the health system. HTA impact is understood as the influence that HTA report findings can have in the health system, including impacts on reimbursement decisions, changes to health outcomes, or broader system or societal impacts. The International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) is a global network of publicly funded HTA agencies. INAHTA’s mission, in part, is to advance the impact of HTA to support reimbursement decisions and the optimal use of health system resources. Each year, INAHTA awards the David Hailey Award for Best Impact Story to the member agency that shares the best story, as voted by fellow members, about HTA impact. The impact story sharing program in INAHTA contributes to a deeper understanding of what works well (or not so well) in achieving HTA impact. This paper provides six impact stories from agencies that were finalists for the 2021 and 2022 David Hailey Impact Award for Best Impact Story: the Institut national d’excellence en santé et en services sociaux, the Malaysian Health Technology Assessment Section, Ontario Health, the Center for Drug Evaluation, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and Health Technology Wales. These stories demonstrate that HTA agencies can, in differing ways, effectively support governments in their efforts to place evidence at the centre of decision making.
Genetic relationships among some old walnuts (Juglans regia L.) genotypes in Iran and selection of superior genotypes
Authors: Zarinkolah Maryam , Karimi Hamid Reza , Esmaeilzadeh Majid , Malekzadeh Khalil , Sahhafi Seyyed Rasoul
Published: December 2024

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the oldest and most economically important edible nut species due to its high nutritional value. Iran is known as one of the most important centres of the origin and diversity of walnuts worldwide. This research was carried out to determine the genetic relationships of some old walnut genotypes in Iran in order to select superior genotypes and better conserve them. The results of morphological evaluation of the fruits showed that the highest coefficients of variation were related to nut weight, kernel weight, percentage kernel, thickness and weight of the shell, and thickness and weight of the packing tissue in both years. The average morphological traits among the studied genotypes were different, such that the highest nut weights in the first and second years were 15.59 and 14.79 g and the corresponding lowest values were 7.37 and 7.79 g, respectively. The highest and lowest kernel weights were observed in the first years to be 8.09 and 3.80 g and in the second years were 6.94 and 2.65 g, respectively. The highest kernel percentages in the first and second years were 64.97 and 59.79% and the lowest percentages were 39.52 and 27.80% in the first and second years, respectively. Molecular evaluation results showed that the 16 start codon of target (SCoT) primers amplified a total of 166 bands with an average of 10.44 bands per primer. The number of polymorphic bands was changed from 2 to 19 in primers SCoT-19 and SCoT-15. The average polymorphism information content value was 0.30 and the highest amount of this index (0.36) was observed in SCoT-14 and SCoT-19 primers. The results of principal component analysis and analysis of molecular variance indicated the presence of relatively high diversity within the investigated genotypes. The amount of genetic diversity within the investigated regions was 84% and that between areas was 16%. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that SCoT markers could provide helpful information on the genetic relationships among walnut genotypes, which can be used in future walnut breeding and conservation programmes.
Estimation of Small Failure Probability in High‐Dimensional Groundwater Contaminant Transport Modeling Using Subset Simulation Coupled With Preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson MCMC
Authors: Xu Teng , Zhang Shiqiang , Lu Chunhui , Zhang Jiangjiang , Ye Yu
Published: December 2024

The accurate prediction of groundwater contamination is challenging due to uncertainties arising from the inherent heterogeneity of aquifers, inadequate site characterization, and limitations in conceptual mathematical models. These factors can result in an underestimation of contaminant concentrations. For effective contaminant prevention and control, it is important to estimate the probability of exceeding the allowed threshold for contaminant concentrations, known as the failure probability of groundwater contamination. Computing small failure probabilities using classical Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) requires computing a large number of samplers to converge to a stationary target value, which is time‐consuming. To address this, in this paper, we develop a novel approach for calculating small failure probabilities, known as subset simulation (SS) coupled with preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson Markov chain Monte Carlo (pCN‐SS), which combines subset simulation with preconditioned Crank‐Nicolson Markov chain Monte Carlo (pCN‐MCMC) to promote computational efficiency. We have tested the performance of the proposed algorithm in both a mathematical example and a numerical case study of groundwater contamination. The results demonstrate that pCN‐SS provides improved accuracy and efficiency for evaluating small failure probabilities for high‐dimensional groundwater contamination, specifically for hydraulic conductivity as a source of uncertainty. Compared to classical MCS and traditional SS, pCN‐SS requires fewer model evaluations but produces stable and accurate results.
Bypassing the lattice BCS–BEC crossover in strongly correlated superconductors through multiorbital physics
Authors: Witt Niklas , Nomura Yusuke , Brener Sergey , Arita Ryotaro , Lichtenstein Alexander I. , Wehling Tim O.
Published: December 2024

Superconductivity emerges from the spatial coherence of a macroscopic condensate of Cooper pairs. Increasingly strong binding and localization of electrons into these pairs compromises the condensate’s phase stiffness, thereby limiting critical temperatures – a phenomenon known as the BCS–BEC crossover in lattice systems. In this study, we demonstrate enhanced superconductivity in a multiorbital model of alkali-doped fullerides (A3C60) that goes beyond the limits of the lattice BCS–BEC crossover. We identify that the interplay of strong correlations and multiorbital effects results in a localized superconducting state characterized by a short coherence length but robust stiffness and a domeless rise in critical temperature with increasing pairing interaction. To derive these insights, we introduce a new theoretical framework allowing us to calculate the fundamental length scales of superconductors, namely the coherence length (ξ0) and the London penetration depth (λL), even in presence of strong electron correlations.
Winner–loser plant trait replacements in human-modified tropical forests
Authors: Pinho Bruno X. , Melo Felipe P. L. , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , Bauman David , Maréchaux Isabelle , Tabarelli Marcelo , Benchimol Maíra , Arroyo-Rodriguez Victor , Santos Bráulio A. , Hawes Joseph E. , Berenguer Erika , Ferreira Joice , Silveira Juliana M. , Peres Carlos A. , Rocha‐Santos Larissa , Souza Fernanda C. , Gonçalves-Souza Thiago , Mariano-Neto Eduardo , Faria Deborah , Barlow Jos
Published: December 2024

Anthropogenic landscape modification may lead to the proliferation of a few species and the loss of many. Here we investigate mechanisms and functional consequences of this winner–loser replacement in six human-modified Amazonian and Atlantic Forest regions in Brazil using a causal inference framework. Combining floristic and functional trait data for 1,207 tree species across 271 forest plots, we find that forest loss consistently caused an increased dominance of low-density woods and small seeds dispersed by endozoochory (winner traits) and the loss of distinctive traits, such as extremely dense woods and large seeds dispersed by synzoochory (loser traits). Effects on leaf traits and maximum tree height were rare or inconsistent. The independent causal effects of landscape configuration were rare, but local degradation remained important in multivariate trait-disturbance relationships and exceeded the effects of forest loss in one Amazonian region. Our findings highlight that tropical forest loss and local degradation drive predictable functional changes to remaining tree assemblages and that certain traits are consistently associated with winners and losers across different regional contexts.
Cooling efficacy of trees across cities is determined by background climate, urban morphology, and tree trait
Authors: Li Haiwei , Zhao Yongling , Wang Chenghao , Ürge-Vorsatz Diana , Carmeliet Jan , Bardhan Ronita
Published: December 2024

Urban planners and other stakeholders often view trees as the ultimate panacea for mitigating urban heat stress; however, their cooling efficacy varies globally and is influenced by three primary factors: tree traits, urban morphology, and climate conditions. This study analyzes 182 studies on the cooling effects of urban trees across 17 climates in 110 global cities or regions. Tree implementation reduces peak monthly temperatures to below 26 °C in 83% of the cities. Trees can lower pedestrian-level temperatures by up to 12 °C through large radiation blockage and transpiration. In tropical, temperate, and continental climates, a mixed-use of deciduous and evergreen trees in open urban morphology provides approximately 0.5 °C more cooling than a single species approach. In arid climates, evergreen species predominate and demonstrate more effective cooling within compact urban morphology. Our study offers context-specific greening guidelines for urban planners to harness tree cooling in the face of global warming.
Blood-based quantification of Aβ oligomers indicates impaired clearance from brain in ApoE ε4 positive subjects
Authors: Blömeke Lara , Rehn Fabian , Pils Marlene , Kraemer-Schulien Victoria , Cousin Anneliese , Kutzsche Janine , Bujnicki Tuyen , Freiesleben Silka D. , Schneider Luisa-Sophie , Preis Lukas , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike J. , Altenstein Slawek , Schneider Anja , Fliessbach Klaus , Wiltfang Jens , Hansen Niels , Rostamzadeh Ayda , Düzel Emrah , Glanz Wenzel , Incesoy Enise I. , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Ewers Michael , Perneczky Robert , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Munk Matthias H. , Spottke Annika , Roy Nina , Heneka Michael T. , Brosseron Frederic , Wagner Michael , Roeske Sandra , Ramirez Alfredo , Schmid Matthias , Jessen Frank , Bannach Oliver , Peters Oliver , Willbold Dieter
Published: December 2024

Background

Quantification of Amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers in plasma enables early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and improves our understanding of underlying pathologies. However, quantification necessitates an extremely sensitive and selective technology because of very low Aβ oligomer concentrations and possible interference from matrix components.

Methods

In this report, we developed and validated a surface-based fluorescence distribution analysis (sFIDA) assay for quantification of Aβ oligomers in plasma.

Results

The blood-based sFIDA assay delivers a sensitivity of 1.8 fM, an inter- and intra-assay variation below 20% for oligomer calibration standards and no interference with matrix components. Quantification of Aβ oligomers in 359 plasma samples from the DELCODE cohort reveals lower oligomer concentrations in subjective cognitive decline and AD patients than healthy Control participants.

Conclusions

Correlation analysis between CSF and plasma oligomer concentrations indicates an impaired clearance of Aβ oligomers that is dependent on the ApoE ε4 status.
Dislocation-engineered piezocatalytic water splitting in single-crystal BaTiO3
Authors: Zhang Yan , Feng Kaiyu , Song Miao , Xiang Shan , Zhao Yan , Gong Hanyu , Ni Fan , Dietrich Felix , Fulanović Lovro , Zhuo Fangping , Buntkowsky Gerd , Frömling Till , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris , Rödel Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Dislocations were introduced into BaTiO3 single crystals and become catalytically active centers.
Manipulating crystallization kinetics and vertical phase distribution via a small molecule donor guest for organic photovoltaic cells with 20% efficiency
Authors: Cheng Bo , Hou Wenwen , Han Chenyu , Cheng Sixuan , Xia Xinxin , Guo Xia , Li Yongfang , Zhang Maojie
Published: December 2024

A kinetics-controlling strategy is used to regulate molecular crystallization and vertical phase distribution, where a third small molecule donor is utilized to advance the aggregation of polymer donor and prolong its self-assembly time.