bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microstructure Evolution on Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Joint for 2195-T8 Alloy
Authors: Hu B.Y. , Zhang H. , Liu L.Y. , Liu D.B. , Feng A.H. , Chen D.L.
Published: August 2020

Corrosion behavior of friction stir welded 2195-T8 Al-Cu-Li alloy has been studied. Immersion and electrochemical open-circuit potential (OCP) test were applied. The microstructure and precipitates evolution in different zones were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, stereoscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The corrosion tests showed that the sequence of corrosion resistance of each area of the joint is: welding nugget zone (WNZ) > base metal > heat affected zone (HAZ). The WNZ showed highest corrosion resistance due to the fine recrystallized grains, the dissolution of T1(Al2CuLi) phase, and the refined and evenly-distributed particles in this area. However, the HAZ had the lowest corrosion resistance due to the intergranular precipitates, deleterious precipitate-free zone (PFZ), S′ (Al2CuMg) phase, and the galvanic corrosion couples formed among T1, θ′, and PFZ.
A Study into the Localized Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy Magnox Al-80
Authors: Clark Ronald N. , Humpage James , Burrows Robert , Godfrey Hugh , Sagir Mustufa , Williams Geraint
Published: August 2020

Magnesium (Mg) nonoxidizing alloy, known as Magnox, was historically used as a fuel cladding material for the first generation of carbon dioxide gas-cooled nuclear reactors in the United Kingdom. Waste Magnox is currently stored in cooling ponds, pending final disposal. The corrosion resistance of Mg and its alloys is relatively poor compared to modern cladding materials, such as zirconium alloys, so it is important to have a knowledge of the chloride concentration/pH dependence on breakdown and localized corrosion characteristics prior to waste retrievals taking place. These results show that Magnox exhibits passivity in high-pH solutions, with charge transfer resistance and passive film thicknesses showing an increase with immersion time. When chloride is added to the system, the higher pH maintains Magnox passivity, as shown through a combination of potentiodynamic and time-lapse/post-corrosion imaging experiments. Potentiodynamic polarization of Magnox reveals a −229 mV/decade linear dependence of breakdown potential with chloride ion concentration. The use of the scanning vibrating electrode technique enabled the localized corrosion characteristics to be followed. At high pH where Magnox is passive, at low chloride concentrations, the anodes that form predominantly couple to the visually intact surface in the vicinity of the anode. The high pH, however, means that visually intact Magnox in the vicinity of the anode is less prone to breakdown, restricting anode propagation such that the anodes remain largely static. In high-chloride concentrations, the higher conductivity means that the anode and cathode can couple over greater distances, and so propagation along the surface can occur at a much faster rate, with the visually intact surface acting as a distributed cathode. In addition, the chloride anion itself, when present at high concentration, will play a role in rapid passive film dissolution, enabling rapid anode propagation.
Estudo do sistema de drenagem urbana localizado na avenida José Caetano de Almeida, Quixadá/CE
Authors: Almeida Clarissa Patrizia De Melo Freitas , Chaves José Wémenson Rabelo Chaves , Dantas Maria Jorgiana Ferreira
Published: August 2020

A crescente urbanização, aliada à falta de planejamento urbano, trouxe um dos grandes problemas para o escoamento da água, que é a impermeabilização do solo. A impermeabilização decorrente da ocupação urbana altera o ciclo hidrológico, resultando em um aumento de alagamentos urbanos, causando desconforto para os moradores e degradação das águas pluviais. Uma das estruturas que compõem o sistema de saneamento é a drenagem urbana, que possui grande importância para o funcionamento do meio urbano, ajudando a drenar de forma satisfatória as águas pluviais. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o sistema de microdrenagem urbana da avenida José Caetano de Almeida, do bairro Combate, na cidade de Quixadá-CE. Para isso, avaliou-se in loco os dispositivos que compõem o sistema de drenagem pluvial da avenida, verificando a presença de manifestações patológicas e seus agentes causadores. Não se dizer que o atual projeto existente na avenida não tem funcionalidade, pois o mesmo está em funcionamento há muitos anos sem manutenção e não foi concluído, tornando-o falho perante os demais. Ao verificar os dispositivos de drenagem e suas respectivas manifestações patológicas e agentes causadores, foram propostas estratégias para melhoria da região através de arborização, telhado verde e utilização de pavimentos permeáveis.
Utilização de melaço de soja (resíduo) da produção de proteína de soja para a geração de biometano em reator UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket)
Authors: Rodrigues Brenda Clara Gomes , Mello Bruna Sampaio de , Silva Gustavo H. Ribeiro da , Araújo Maria L. Gonsales da C. , Sarti Arnaldo
Published: August 2020

A produção de biogás a partir da digestão anaeróbia de resíduos e subprodutos agroindustriais está conquistando cada vez mais destaque no cenário econômico, devido, principalmente, à produção de bioenergia por meio do reaproveitamento do biometano. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás (biometano) a partir do melaço de cana, um subproduto da produção de proteína de soja, com aplicação de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB), cuja tecnologia é consolidada para a digestão anaeróbia. O reator de bancada (12 L) foi alimentado com melaço de soja, substrato para cinco condições operacionais (0,28 kgDQO.m-3.d-1 a 3,91 kgDQO.m-3.d-1), aumentando-se, de forma gradual, a concentração do substrato em termos de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) de 500 a 4.000 mgO2.L-1. Além disso, testaram-se diferentes tempos de detenção hidráulicos, de 48h e 24h. Durante o período experimental (122 dias), verificou-se remoção média de matéria orgânica, de 77 a 83 % em termos de DQOtotal, com produção máxima de biogás de 1,82 L.d-1. Os resultados obtidos no trabalho permitem viabilizar a utilização do melaço de soja, substrato ainda não estudado, para a produção de biometano. Dessa forma, uma destinação mais adequada do melaço de soja pode ser aplicada para a atual queima em caldeiras da quase totalidade gerada na produção de proteína de soja
Nasir Khusraw, the Ruby of Badakhshan
Authors: Hunsberger Alice C.
Published: August 2020

A renowned poet, philosopher and traveller of the 11th century, Nasir-i Khusraw was also a major Ismaili thinker and author of the Iranian lands. His Ismaili writings, exclusively in Persian, have been preserved through the centuries by the Ismaili communities of the upper Oxus and Badakhshan, now situated in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. This is a study of Nasir-i Khusraw’s life and aspects of his theological and philosophical thought in the context of his times. The author has devoted more than ten years of study to this subject, and includes in the book a detailed classification of Nasir’s different genres of writings, and a summary of medieval as well as modern biographical studies.
The Bloomsbury Companion to Arendt
Authors: Gratton Peter , Gratton Peter
Published: August 2020

Hannah Arendt’s (1906-1975) writings, both in public magazines and in her important books, are still widely studied today. She made original contributions in political thinking that still astound readers and critics alike. The subject of several films and numerous books, colloquia, and newspaper articles, Arendt remains a touchstone in innumerable debates about the use of violence in politics, the responsibility one has under dictatorships and totalitarianism, and how to combat the repetition of the horrors of the past.

The Bloomsbury Companion to Arendt offers the definitive guide to her writings and ideas, her influences and commentators, as well as the reasons for her lasting significance, with 66 original essays taking up in accessible terms the myriad ways in which one can take up her work and her continuing importance. These essays, written by an international set of her best readers and commentators, provides a comprehensive coverage of her life and the contexts in which her works were written. Special sections take up chapters on each of her key writings, the reception of her work, and key ways she interpreted those who influenced her. If one has come to Arendt from one of her essays on freedom, or from yet another bombastic account of her writings on Adolph Eichmann, or as as student or professor working in the field of Arendt studies, this book provides the ideal tool for thinking with and rediscovering one of the most important intellectuals of the past century. But just as importantly, contributors advance the study of Arendt into neglected areas, such as on science and ecology, to demonstrate her importance not just to debates in which she was well known, but those touched off only after her death. Arendt’s approaches as well as her concrete claims about the political have much to offer given the current ecological and refugee crises, among others. In sum, then, the Companion provides a tool for thinking with Arendt, but also for showing just where those thinking with her can take her work today.
Anachronism and Antiquity
Authors: Rood Tim , Atack Carol , Phillips Tom
Published: August 2020

This book is a study both of anachronism in antiquity and of anachronism as a vehicle for understanding antiquity. It explores the post-classical origins and changing meanings of the term ‘anachronism’ as well as the presence of anachronism in all its forms in classical literature, criticism and material objects. Contrary to the position taken by many modern philosophers of history, this book argues that classical antiquity had a rich and varied understanding of historical difference, which is reflected in sophisticated notions of anachronism.

This central hypothesis is tested by an examination of attitudes to temporal errors in ancient literary texts and chronological writings and by analysing notions of anachronistic survival and multitemporality. Rather than seeing a sense of anachronism as something that separates modernity from antiquity, the book suggests that in both ancient writings and their modern receptions chronological rupture can be used as a way of creating a dialogue between past and present. With a selection of case-studies and theoretical discussions presented in a manner suitable for scholars and students both of classical antiquity and of modern history, anthropology, and visual culture, the book’s ambition is to offer a new conceptual map of antiquity through the notion of anachronism.
Young Women, Girls and Postfeminism in Contemporary British Film
Authors: Hill Sarah
Published: August 2020

In the 21st century, films about the lives and experiences of girls and young women have become increasingly visible. Yet, British cinema’s engagement with contemporary girlhood has - unlike its Hollywood counterpart - been largely ignored until now. Sarah Hill’s Young Women, Girls and Postfeminism in Contemporary British Film provides the first book-length study of how young femininity has been constructed, both in films like the St. Trinians franchise and by critically acclaimed directors like Andrea Arnold, Carol Morley and Lone Scherfig. Hill offers new ways to understand how postfeminism informs British cinema and how it is adapted to fit its specific geographical context. By interrogating UK cinema through this lens, Hill paints a diverse and distinctive portrait of modern femininity and consolidates the important academic links between film, feminist media and girlhood studies.
Farming Inside Invisible Worlds
Authors: Campbell Hugh
Published: August 2020

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. It is funded by the University of Otago, New Zealand.

Farming Inside Invisible Worlds argues that the farm is a key player in the creation and stabilisation of political, economic and ecological power – particularly in colonised landscapes like New Zealand, America and Australia.

The book reviews and rejects the way that farms are characterised in orthodox economics and agricultural science and then shows how re-centring the farm using the theoretical idea of political ontology can transform the way we understand the power of farming. Starting with the colonial history of farms in New Zealand, Hugh Campbell goes on to describe the rise of modernist farming and its often hidden political, racial and ecological effects. He concludes with an examination of alternative ways to farm in New Zealand, showing how the prior histories of colonisation and modernisation reveal important ways to farm differently in post-colonial worlds.

Hugh Campbell’s book has-ranging implications for understanding the role farms play in both our food systems and landscapes, and is an exciting new addition to food studies.
Building Time
Authors: Leatherbarrow David
Published: August 2020

While most books on architecture concentrate on spatial themes, this book explores architecture’s temporal dimensions. Through a series of close readings of buildings, both contemporary and classic, it demonstrates the centrality of time in modern architecture, and shows why an understanding of time is critical to understanding good architecture.

All buildings exist in time. Even if designed for permanence, they change, slowly but inevitably. They change use, they accrue history and meaning, they decay – all of these processes are inscribed in time. So too is the path traced by the sun through a building, and the movements of the human body from room to room. Time, this book argues, is the framework for our spatial experience of architecture, and a key dimension of a building’s structure and significance.

Building Time presents twelve close readings of buildings and artworks which explore this idea. Examining works by distinctive modern architects – from Eileen Gray to Álvaro Siza and Wang Shu – it takes the reader, in some cases literally step-by-step, through a built work, and provides insightful reflections on the importance of ‘making space for time’ in architectural design.

This is a book for both theorists and for architectural designers. Through it, theorists will find a way to rethink the fundamental premises and aims of design work, while designers will rediscover the order and ideas that shape the world around them—its buildings, interiors, and landscapes.
Milton Nascimento and Lô Borges’s The Corner Club
Authors: Grasse Jonathon
Published: August 2020

In 1972, a group of creative Brazilian musicians and poets informally led by singer-songwriter Milton Nascimento recorded a landmark double-LP titled Clube da Esquina (Corner Club). Already an award-winning, international star, Milton’s highly original songs shared vinyl with those of Lô Borges, an unknown eighteen-year-old from Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais. There, where the street “corner” still exists, grew their collective also known as the Corner Club, as the artists collaborated on many subsequent albums boasting innovative blends of pop, jazz, rock, folk, classical influences, and, before Brazil’s return to civilian rule in 1985, poignant protest songs aimed at a cruel dictatorship.

Drawing on a thirty-year relationship with Minas Gerais that includes interviews with Corner Club members and extensive research of Portuguese language sources, Jonathon Grasse presents an analysis of the artists, songs, and ideas comprising the LP that helps define this Brazilian generation.
Reimagining the Promised Land
Authors: Wallis Rodney
Published: August 2020

While Israel has seemingly been a minor presence in Hollywood cinema, Reimagining the Promised Land argues that there is a long history of Hollywood deploying images of Israel as a means of articulating an idealized notion of American national identity. This argument is developed through readings of The Ten Commandments (Cecil B. DeMille, 1956), Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ (William Wyler, 1959), Exodus (Otto Preminger, 1960), Cast a Giant Shadow (Melville Shavelson, 1966), Black Sunday (John Frankenheimer, 1977), The Delta Force (Menahem Golan, 1986), and Munich (Steven Spielberg, 2005). The mobilization of Israel that pervades this eclectic group of films effectively demonstrates one of the more surreptitious ways in which Hollywood has historically constructed and circulated dominant notions of American national identity. Moreover, in examining the most notable Hollywood representations of the Jewish state, the book offers an informed historical overview of the cultural forces that have contributed to popular understandings within the United States of the state of Israel, Israel’s Arab neighbours, and also the Arab-Israeli conflict.
La apropiación forestal comunitaria en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca ante las políticas forestales
Authors: Vásquez Ciro Aquino , Ramírez Juárez Javier , Fuente Carrasco Mario Enrique , Méndez Espinoza José Arturo , Pérez Ramírez Nicolás , Regalado López José
Published: August 2020

La apropiación comunitaria del recurso forestal realizado en la Sierra Juárez de Oaxaca fue resultado de disputas e intereses de conflictos. Este artículo muestra el proceso de las comunidades agrarias en la apropiación de la gestión de los recursos forestales. El modelo de análisis se dio a partir de los siguientes puntos de inflexión: el otorgamiento de concesiones forestales, su derogación derivada del movimiento comunitario, y el manejo local de los recursos forestales. Los modelos analíticos propuestos identificaron las concepciones: utilitarista, conservacionista, uso múltiple del bosque y el manejo forestal sostenible, a través de la aplicación de la política forestal.
AUTOMATIC EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL GEOPOSITIONING ACCURACY FOR LARGE AREA PLANETARY REMOTE SENSING IMAGES
Authors: Geng X. , Xu Q. , Wang J. , Xing S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The photogrammetric processing of large area planetary remote sensing images is still a very challenging work. In addition to the lack of ground control data and poor tie points extraction, the insufficient knowledge of the initial geopositioning accuracy of the planetary images also increases the difficulty of processing. This paper presents an automatic evaluation method of the initial geopositioning accuracy for large area planetary remote sensing images. The accuracy evaluation method was conducted through image matching on approximate orthophotos derived using coarse resolution digital elevation model (DEM). To improve the orthophotos generation efficiency of linear pushbroom images, a fast ground-to-image transformation algorithm and multi-threaded parallel computing are adopted. The classical normalized cross correlation (NCC) and pyramid matching schemes are used to perform image matching between overlapping orthophotos. Because the conjugate points on orthophotos contain geographic coordinates, we can derive the statistics information (e.g., maximum errors, mean errors and standard deviation) about the geopositioning accuracy of the planetary images. Although it’s actually an evaluation result of relative accuracy, the quantitative geopositioning accuracy information of stereopairs can be used to (1) specify the search window size and the starting position of conjugate points for tie points extraction; (2) set the weight value of bundle adjustment; and (3) identify images with abnormal geopositioning accuracy. Tens of Mars Express (MEX) High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images were used to conduct the test. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows high computational efficiency and automation degree. The automatic evaluation of the initial geopositioning accuracy of the planetary images is helpful to produce large area planetary mapping products.
EVALUATING STEREO DTM QUALITY AT JEZERO CRATER, MARS WITH HRSC, CTX, AND HIRISE IMAGES
Authors: Kirk R. L. , Fergason R. L. , Redding B. , Galuszka D. , Smith E. , Mayer D. , Hare T. M. , Gwinner K.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We have used a high-precision, high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) of the NASA Mars 2020 rover Perseverance landing site in Jezero crater based on mosaicked images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO HiRISE) camera as a reference dataset to evaluate DTMs based on Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (MEX HRSC) and MRO Context camera (CTX) images. Results are consistent with our earlier HRSC-HiRISE comparisons at the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity landing site in Gale crater, confirming that those results were not compromised by the small area compared and potential problems with spatial registration. Specifically, height errors are on the order of half a pixel and correspond to an image matching error of 0.2–0.3 pixel but estimates of horizontal resolution are 10–20 pixels. Products from the HRSC team pipeline at DLR are smoother but more precise vertically than those produced by using the commercial stereo package SOCET SET®. The DLR products are also homogenous in quality, whereas the SOCET products are less smoothed and have higher errors in rougher terrain. Despite this weak variation, our results are consistent with a rule of thumb of 0.2–0.3 pixel matching precision based on many prior studies. Horizontal resolution is significantly coarser than the DTM ground sample distance (GSD), which is typically 3–5 pixels.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING AND ANALYSIS BASED ON 3D RECONSTRUCTION MODEL OF SIMULATED ASTEROID
Authors: Wang R. , Di K. , Wan W. , Liu Z. , Wang Y. , Liang W. , Wang Y. , Chen X. , Zhi S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Asteroid exploration is of great scientific significance in understanding the evolution of the solar system. Unlike lunar missions, asteroids are far away from the earth, the communication between the spacecraft and the ground station has a large delay. Moreover, the small size, irregular shape and uneven mass distribution of asteroids further increase the difficulty of landing missions. This paper presented a topographic mapping and analysis method based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction model of a simulated asteroid. First, 3D reconstruction of a simulated asteroid was achieved using Structure from Motion (SfM) technique. Then Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) were produced based on the 3D point cloud data. By analysing the DEM data, we finally obtained the obstacles distribution map. In order to verify the proposed method, we used a simulated asteroid to conduct experiments. And the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed method. The topographic mapping and analysis method presented in this study can be applied to landing/sampling area selection in further asteroid exploration research.
LUNAR TERRAIN RECONSTRUCTION FROM MULTI-VIEW LROC NAC IMAGES BASED ON SEMI-GLOBAL MATCHING IN OBJECT SPACE
Authors: Ye L. , Peng M. , Di K. , Liu B. , Wang Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Most of the lunar surface area has been observed from different viewing conditions thanks to the on-orbit work of lunar orbiters, a large amount of images are available for photogrammetric three-dimensional mapping, which is an important issue for lunar exploration. Theoretically, multi-view images contain more information than a single stereo pair and can get better 3D mapping results. In this paper, the semi-global matching method is applied to the object space, and the steps of cost calculation, cost aggregation, and elevation calculation are performed to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates directly. Compared with the traditional image-based semi-global matching method, the object-based semi-global method is more easily extended to multi-view images, which is beneficial for applying multi-view image information. In addition, it does not require steps such as stereo rectification and forward intersection, that is, the overall pipeline is more elegant. Using the LRO NAC images covering Apollo 11 landing area as the experimental data, the result shows that the object-based semi-global matching is competent for the multi-view image matching and the multi-view image result achieves higher accuracy and more details than the single stereo pair. Furthermore, the experimental results of Zhinyu crater data show that this method can also alleviate the uncertainty of the lunar orbiter's positioning to some extent.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER ON YUTU-2 ROVER BASED ON VISION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Yu T. , Liu Z. , Rong Z. , Wang Y. , Wang J. , Gou S. , Li L. , Wan W. , He X. , Di K. , Ke R. , Zhang K. , You Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Chang'e-4 successfully landed on the far side of the moon in January 2019. By the 12th lunar day, its Yutu-2 rover had achieved a breakthrough travel distance of greater than 300 m. A visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS), consisting of a visible and near-infrared (VNIR) imaging spectrometer and a shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer was used for detecting mineralogical compositions of lunar-surface materials. Because VNIS is fixed on the front of the rover, and the field-of-view (FOV) of VNIR and SWIR are small (8.5° and 3.6° respectively), approaching and accurately pointing at the specific science target depend completely on the precise control of the moving rover.In this paper, a successful method of VNIS target detection based on vision measurement is proposed. First, the accurate position of the target is calculated via navigation camera imaging. Then, the moving path is planned by considering the terrain environment, illumination, communication condition, and other constraints. After the rover moves to the designed position, the binocular imaging of the hazard-avoidance cameras are activated, the detection direction and forward distance are calculated according to the images, and the FOV trajectory of the VINS is predicted while moving. Finally, by choosing the required moving control parameters, the imaging field of the VINS accurately cover the detected targets visually.These methods have been verified many times, and the results show that they are effective and feasible. The research results based on the VNIS data have successfully revealed the material composition on the far side of the moon and have deepened human understanding of its formation and evolution.
VOLUME ESTIMATION OF FUEL LOAD FOR HAZARD REDUCTION BURNING: FIRST RESULTS TO A VOXEL APPROACH
Authors: Eusuf M. S. R. S. , Barton J. , Gorte B. , Zlatanova S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In 2019/20 over 100 severe bushfires burned across the continent of Australia. The severity of these fires was exacerbated by many factors, including macroclimatic effects of global warming and, at the meso and micro scales, land management practices. The bushfire phenomenon cannot be stopped, however better management practices can help counter the increasing severity of fires. Hazard reduction burning is a method where certain vegetation is deliberately burned under controlled circumstances to thin the fuel to reduce the severity of bushfires. Fuel load is an important parameter to assess when hazard reduction burning, as the accumulation of vegetation in a forest profile affects the intensity of the burn. Conventional methods of measuring fuel load are time consuming and costly, and therefore it becomes increasingly important to investigate automated approaches for assessing fuel loads. This paper provides an overview of hazard reduction burning while explaining the methods to quantify fuel load. Then the paper presents our voxel approach in estimating the volume of fuel loads. The first results regarding different voxel resolutions are reported and analysed. This paper concludes with future steps and developments.
EXTRACTION OF SCATTERED SMALL-SCALE LANDSLIDES DISTRIBUTION BY OBJECT-BASED CLASSIFICATION USING OPTICAL HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Hashiba H. , Sonobe M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Continuous heavy rain for a long duration over mountainous terrain, where the elevation is relatively low and the topography is complex leads to multiple small-scale landslides over a wide area. Detailed investigations of small-scale landslides have been effectively carried out using optical high-resolution satellite images with spatial resolution of about 2 m or less. In this study, the sediment-related disaster caused by heavy rain in northern Kyushu, Japan that occurred in July 2017 was selected as a typical example of small-scale landslide. For this landslide event, the applicability of the conventional superpixel segmentation for landslide separation was examined. The applicability of the representative SLIC and SLICO methods in the superpixel segmentation method by image interpretation in the case of a large number of small-scale landslides in a wide area was assessed. These results suggest that in the case of such a disaster, segmentation by the SLICO method will be better. In addition, the set value of the area size for the area division was systematically examined from the distribution tendency of the average NDVI value in the divided area. It was shown that the landslide region can be extracted with relatively high accuracy by the land cover classification process by the NN method by using the appropriate region size examined by the SLICO method.
REAL-TIME AERIAL IMAGERY FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT: LESSONS LEARNED FROM AN EUROPEAN CIVIL PROTECTION EXERCISE
Authors: Merkle N. , Gstaiger V. , Schröter E. , d’Angelo P. , Azimi S. M. , Kippnich U. , Barthel C. , Kurz F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Regular international civil protection exercises are an important part of the European Civil Protection Mechanism. One such exercise, called IRONORE2019, took place in September 2019 in Eisenerz, Austria, with the aim of training international cooperation of relief teams in case of an earthquake. In parallel to this exercise, the European project DRIVER+ conduced a Trail in order to test novel solutions for civil protection. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) provided aerial imagery as well as derived map products to the project and the exercise, which were also made available to the Bavarian Red Cross, among others, as exercise participants. In this way, products developed using the latest scientific methods could be used and tested in practice. The valuable experiences from this operational use, which are explained in this article, serve the enhancement of the processes and products and will be implemented in the future in order to further support disaster management.
DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT USING MEDALUS MODEL IN UPPER LAMCHIENGKRAI WATERSHED, THAILAND
Authors: Plaiklang S. , Sutthivanich I. , Sritarapipat T. , Panurak K. , Ogawa S. , Charungthanakij S. , Maneewan U. , Thongrueang N.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Desertification is a global environmental problem. It affects harmful on economic, social and environmental that ultimately effects on quality of human life. Thailand is the 174th member of the UNCCD, according to the Thailand report of desertification by LDD (2004). It was found that the area of degraded land or desertification land in Thailand was 33.57 million hectares which were agricultural soil problem. Soil erosion and soil salinity are major problems for agricultural soil in Thailand. Thus, to prevent and fix such problems, assessment and evaluation of soil properties are essential. Lamchiengkrai watershed in Nakhon Ratchasima province presents soil salinity exposure area which is a major problem in the Northeast region of Thailand. This study aims to access a new approach for assessing the extent and the risk of desertification land by MEDALUS model based on geoinformatics technology in upper Lamchiengkrai watershed, Nakhon Ratchasima province. MEDALUS model is the factors of desertification assessment. Four groups of factors were examined, including vegetation (fire risk, erosion protection, and drought resistance), climatic (rainfall and rainfall erosivity), soil (soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, soil depth, drainage, and slope), and human activity factor (land use and soil erosion). The results of the study indicated that 67.25% of the area was classified as high risk, 30.54% was classified as moderate risk and 2.22% was classified as low risk to desertification land. In addition, the factors affected on the high-risk area were climate and vegetation factors. Moderate risk area was influenced by the human activity factor and soil factors.
SYNERGISTIC USE OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR STUDY OF AUGUST 2018 KERALA FLOODS
Authors: Thakur P. K. , Ranjan R. , Singh S. , Dhote P. R. , Sharma V. , Srivastav V. , Dhasmana M. , Aggarwal S. P. , Chauhan P. , Nikam B. R. , Garg V. , Chouksey A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing and hydrological models are one of the foremost tools for rapid and comprehensive study of flood hazards and disasters in any parts of the world. Current study is focused on severe 2018 Kerala flood, and is done using various remote sensing data, geospatial tools and combination of hydrological/hydrodynamic/topographical models. Flood mapping is done with pre and post floods remote sensing datasets. For pre-Flood analysis, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) map was prepared on Google Earth Engine (GEE), using Sentinel-2 images for the period of Feb. 2017 to identify permanent water bodies. For post-Flood analysis, GEE was used to download the pre-processed and thermal noise removed Sentinel-1 SAR image for Aug. 9, 2018, Aug. 14 and Aug. 21, 2018 and flood maps were generated using this data. In addition to SAR data, probable flood inundation areas using topography-based flood inundation tool HAND (Height Above Nearest Drainage tool) was also utilized. Hydrological simulation was carried out for all 12 major river sub-basins of Kerala, where floods are reported. Indian Meteorological Department-Global Precipitation Measurement (IMD-GPM) gridded daily data is used as input meteorological data for hydrological simulations. The hydrological simulations results were verified using published Central Water Commission (CWC) reports and reservoirs data for India-WRIS. The hydrodynamic simulation was also performed for simulating the Idukki dam release data and flood condition in downstream areas. Overall, an integrated study and developed approach can be utilized by state and central water and disaster management agencies to develop flood early warning systems.
THE APPLICATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE INSPECTION OF NATIONAL MAJOR SURVEYING AND MAPPING RESULTS
Authors: Chen C. X. , Zhang J. X. , Zhao H. T. , Xu Y. M. , Yin S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Today's society has entered the era of big data, and the quality of surveying and mapping results has become the focus of government departments. As the statistical results of other industries, surveying and mapping results as one of the basic data sources provide data support for government decision-making, The status of surveying and mapping projects is constantly improving. This article introduces the ISO9001 quality management system implemented by the surveying and mapping production unit, the CMA quality management system implemented by the surveying and mapping quality inspection unit, and the first-level acceptance system for the two-level inspection of surveying and mapping products. Through the cause and effect diagram, taking the quality control of the fundamental geographical conditions monitoring of the national major surveying and mapping project as an example, the use method of the core tool 5M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Methods, Measurement, Environment) in the quality management system is demonstrated to prove that the quality management system plays an important role in the project. Provide reference experience for peers.
CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL GEOGRAPHIC NATIONAL CONDITION MONITORING QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Gao W. C. , Zhao H. T. , Mao W. J. , Yin S. , Tian Z. B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The fundamental geographic national condition monitoring uses high-resolution aerial and aerospace remote sensing images to produce digital orthophoto images, land cover classification, geographical and national conditions, databases, statistical analysis and other results to monitor land changes within China's territory, the cycle is once a year. At present, the achievements have been applied in the fields of natural resource management, environmental protection and governance, people's livelihood guarantee, emergency disaster relief, and so on, it is of great significance to provide integrated, standardized and reliable geographic information products to meet the needs of ecological civilization construction. In view of the actual situation of the geographical conditions of the country, such as the organizational mode of production, the technical methods and the requirements of the results, this paper discusses the innovative development of the quality control method, the quality control content, the results quality evaluation and software development, etc. , having established a basic quality control system for monitoring the geographical conditions of the country, and applied it in the quality control work of monitoring the geographical conditions of the country carried out in the past four years from 2016 to 2019, effectively guaranteeing the quality of the results, it also provides reference and reference for other important engineering quality control work.
HORIZONTAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF GOOGLE EARTH DATA OVER TYPICAL REGIONS OF ASIA
Authors: Guo J. , Zhang J. X. , Zhao H. T. , Li C. , Zhou J. , Tu H. J. , Zhao Y.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Google Earth provide the most accurate and available global high resolution imagery, covering nearly the entire land surface of the earth. However, the precision of Google Earth’s data has not been fully validated.The traditional ground measurement method is difficult to verify the horizontal precision of remote sensing over a large area. This paper focuses on typical regions of Asia, aiming to verify the precision of GE’s data based on purchased WorldView (WV) data by utilization of statistical analysis method.The results show that the highest precision has been estimated as 4.96–6.83 meters over the part of Japan, India and Kazakhstan, respectively. The lowest precision 16.53 and 16.59 meters primarily appear mountainous terrain, including the part of Israel and Syria.The result also presents the horizontal precision estimated in Japan, India and Kazakhstan, which is slightly higher than the precision estimated in Israel and Syria. The regions with larger deviation of relative errors have apparent influence on horizontal accuracy assessment of GE’s imagery. Accuracy assessment may be affected by terrain features and the insignificant feature points over the study area. The results suggest that the most of horizontal accuracy of GE’s high resolution imagery over the most of study regions fulfills precision requirement of 1:50000 maps.
DEM ACCURACY RESEARCH BASED ON UNMANNED AERIAL SURVEY DATA
Authors: Kurkov V. M. , Kiseleva A. S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Currently, digital elevation models (DEM) created by photogrammetric method based on unmanned aerial survey data are becoming an increasingly popular product. They are used in various areas of human activity related to modelling and analysis of terrain, namely: topography, engineering and geodetic surveys, surveying, archaeology, geomorphology, etc. The accuracy of digital surface and terrain models obtained by the photogrammetric method depends on the accuracy of aerial triangulation and dense point cloud from a number of overlapping images. In turn, the accuracy of the aerial triangulation is determined by the accuracy of the measurements of the tie points, GCP's / check points and the intersection geometry. When constructing a dense cloud using the SGM algorithm, the quality of the surface/terrain model depends not only on the accuracy of point identification, but also on filtering outliers and rejecting unreliable measurements. This article presents the results of evaluating the accuracy of creating a digital elevation model obtained by various unmanned aerial survey systems on a single test area.
REFLECTANCE RECONSTRUCTION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE BASED ON GAUSSIAN SURFACE FITTING
Authors: Lyu S. , Huang C. , Hou M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Different from the field of remote sensing, artificial lights are often utilized as the energy source for spectral imaging in the ground hyperspectral applications. The kind of double-spot light source is widely adopted in some large scale ground hyperspectral applications. However, it is hard to reach a satisfied lighting without difference in light intensity in many cases although the lamps are tuned carefully. Therefore, a reflectance calibration of hyperspectral imaging based on the data of diffuse reflectance standard and Gaussian surface fitting is proposed in this paper. The purpose is to improve the reconstruction accuracy of hyperspectral reflectance image by minimized the error caused by the uneven illumination of artificial light source. The method has a higher accuracy than traditional one according to the experiment results.
STUDY ON CYCLONE INDUCED PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM IN THE ARABIAN SEA THROUGH GAP-FREE RECONSTRUCTED CHLOROPHYLL-A DATA
Authors: Shunmugapandi R. , Gedam S. , Inamdar A. B.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Ocean surface phytoplankton responses to the tropical cyclone (TC)/storms have been extensively studied using satellite observations by aggregating the data into a weekly or bi-weekly composite. The reason behind is the significant limitations found in the satellite-based observation is the missing of valid data due to cloud cover, especially at the time of cyclone track passage. The data loss during the cyclone is found to be a significant barrier to efficiently investigate the response of chl-a and SST during cyclone track passage. Therefore it is necessary to rectify the above limitation to effectively study the impact of TC on the chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) and the sea surface temperature (SST) to achieve a complete understanding of their response to the TC prevailed in the Arabian Sea. Intending to resolve the limitation mentioned above, this study aims to reconstruct the MODIS-Aqua chl-a, and SST data using Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) for all the 31 cyclonic events occurred in the Arabian Sea during 2003-2018 (16 years). Reconstructed satellite retrieved data covering all the cyclonic events were further used to investigate the chl-a and SST dynamics during TC. From the results, the exciting fact has been identified that only two TC over the eastern-AS were able to induce phytoplankton bloom. On investigating this scenario using sea surface temperature, it was disclosed that the availability of nutrients decides the suitable condition for the phytoplankton to proliferate in the surface ocean. Relevant to the precedent criterion, the results witnessed that the 2 TC (Phyan and Ockhi cyclone) prevailed in the eastern AS invoked a suitable condition for phytoplankton bloom. Other TC found to be less provocative either due to less intensity, origination region or the unsuitable condition. Thereby, gap-free reconstructed daily satellite-derived data efficiently investigates the response of bio-geophysical parameters during cyclonic events. Moreover, this study sensitised that though several TC strikes the AS, only two could impact phytoplankton productivity and SST found to highly consistent with the chl-a variability during the cyclone passage.
RESEARCH ON QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF GLOBELAND30 UPDATE DATA
Authors: Xie W. J. , Zhang L. , Chen H. P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. GlobeLand30 update data is one of the important products of the Construction Maintenance and Update of Geographic Information Resources Project (hereinafter referred to as the Update Project). It provides important basic information for national geographical conditions monitoring, eco-environmental assessment and global geographic information integrated services. Different from the land cover classification data in National Geoinformation Surveying and Monitoring Project, GlobeLand30 update data is a completely new type of scientific research outcomes with new setup of resolution, its data format and data structure are newly set according to the requirements of the Update Project. Therefore, current inspecting methods are of limitations and incompatibility and cannot be firmly reasonable for inspecting the accuracy of GlobeLand30 update data. Combining with the practice of quality control for the Update Project, this paper proposes a set of methods and processes for the quality inspection of the GlobeLand30 update data. It also summarizes the key points of its inspection and analyses the common errors found in the actual inspection practice of the Update Project from 2017 to 2018. It can provide a certain technical reference for the quality control and quality improvement of GlobeLand30 update data in the Update Project.
DELINEATION OF SUITABLE CROPLAND AREAS USING A GIS BASED MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION APPROACH IN THE CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL REGION OF MONGOLIA
Authors: Dorjsuren A. , Batsaikhan B. , Gansukh B. , Jamsran C. , Nasanbat E. , Bold O.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The central agricultural region, a typically main agricultural zone of Mongolia. The area has undergone rapid agricultural land-use changes including land reclamation and cropland abandonment in the last decades due to growing population and food demand, climatic variability, and land-use policy. The utilization of the land is often unmatched with the inherent suitability of the land. Identification of the spatial distribution of suitable areas for cropland is essential for sustainable land-use recommendation. The objective of this study to delineate the areas suitable for cropland in the central agricultural region using a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation of biophysical factors and multi-sensor data. We used 47 metrological station data of 10 years including temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation with topographic, soil property, landscape, and natural region map. The results indicate a suitable location and extent of crop farming areas at different suitability levels. The results can be used to identify priority areas for crop farming and sustainable land-use management.
GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA
Authors: Kuznetsov I. , Panidi E. , Kolesnikov A. , Kikin P. , Korovka V. , Galkin V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.