bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: implementation and outcomes in a New Zealand community hospital
Authors: Rumley Christopher N. , Nedev Nikolay , Sharples Katrina , Lee Jeat , Lamb David S.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become the standard of care for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC). This report presents early outcomes of IMRT with concomitant chemotherapy in a community setting in New Zealand.

Methods

Forty‐eight patients with stage III and IV advanced HNSCC received definitive treatment with IMRT. A dose of 66 Gy in 30 fractions was delivered over 6 weeks with 3‐weekly concurrent cisplatin after a single induction cycle of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil. Acute toxicity, locoregional control (LRC), disease‐free survival and overall survival (OS) outcomes were analysed.

Results

Follow‐up ranged from 2 to 82 months (median 34 months). Acute grade 2 toxicity was observed in 27 patients and grade 3 toxicity in 19 patients. No patients experienced grade 4 toxicity and there were no treatment‐related deaths. Locoregional failures occurred in six patients and distant metastatic disease occurred in five patients. Actuarial estimates of 3‐year LRC, disease‐free survival and OS were 87.3%, 74.4% and 73.7% respectively.

Conclusion

Definitive treatment of stage III and IV cancer of the head and neck with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy was achievable in the community setting. Acute toxicities were manageable and 3‐year outcomes were comparable to other published series.
Increased replication capacity following evolution of PYxE insertion in Gag‐p6 is associated with enhanced virulence in HIV‐1 subtype C from East Africa
Authors: Aralaguppe Shambhu G. , Winner Dane , Singh Kamalendra , Sarafianos Stefan G. , Quiñones‐Mateu Miguel E. , Sönnerborg Anders , Neogi Ujjwal
Published: June 2016

Background: A lower virulence of HIV‐1 subtype C (HIV‐1C) is suggested to be related to the global dominance of HIV‐1C. In this observational study, combining in vivo (clinical monitoring) and in vitro (genotypic, biochemical, and phenotypic assays), we explored whether HIV‐1C from East Africa (HIV‐1CEA) is more pathogenic due to the evolution of a PYxE‐insertion (CPYxEi) in the gag‐p6 that also could affect the therapy response. Methods: HIV‐1B (n = 112) and HIV‐1CEA (n = 128)‐infected individuals residing in Sweden were analyzed with regard to Gag‐p6 genotype and clinically monitored. Based on the Gag‐p6 characteristics, three HIV‐1CEA and one HIV‐1 B patient‐derived p2‐INT‐recombinant virus (gag‐p2/NCp7/p1/p6/pol‐PR/RT/IN) were constructed to analyze viral growth kinetics (VGKs) and drug sensitivity assays. Reverse transcriptase (RT) from the same samples was cloned into the heterodimer expression plasmid (pRT6H‐PROT) to analyze catalytic efficiency of RT. Results: A higher viral failure rate and lower pre‐therapy CD4+ T‐cell counts were observed in HIV‐1CEA‐infected patients compared to HIV‐1B‐infected patients. In Gag‐p6, PTAP‐duplication was more common in HIV‐1C. HIV‐1CEA‐infected patients with signature CPYxEi, evidenced very low pre‐therapy CD4+ T‐cell counts and suboptimal gain in CD4+ T‐cells following therapy, as compared to the non‐CPYxEi‐strains indicating higher virulence. VGKs showed a statistically significant higher replication capacity (RC) for the CPYxEi viruses than the other two non‐CPYxEi strains. No statistically significant difference was observed in the catalytic efficiency among HIV‐1C RTs. Conclusions: This is the first evidence of polymerase independent increased virulence and RC in HIV‐1CEA following PYxE‐insertion that is associated with suboptimal CD4+ T‐cell gain following therapy initiation. J. Med. Virol. 89:106–111, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post‐flowering temperature
Authors: Woznicki Tomasz L , Sønsteby Anita , Aaby Kjersti , Martinsen Berit K , Heide Ola M , Wold Anne‐Berit , Remberg Siv F
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post‐flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents.

RESULTS

The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l‐ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12–24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds.

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that the post‐flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
How online usage of subscription‐based journalism and mass communication research journal articles predicts citations
Authors: Ha Louisa , Jiang Weiwei , Bi Chang , Zhang Ruonan , Zhang Tao , Wen Xiaoli
Published: June 2016

This study examines the predicting power of content and non‐content article attributes and of total online usage on short‐term citations of subscription‐based journal articles. It examines articles published in Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (
JMCQ
) between 2012 and 2014. The results indicate that the total online usage (full article and abstract page views and article downloads) can be a very strong predictor for citations and can even wipe out the effects of hot topics. Mobile and social media are the media of study most cited in the articles studied. There is no identifiable gender citation gap as authors of both genders equally enjoy their share in the top 10 most cited list. The only gender‐related finding is that female authors dominate gender‐related topics. We conclude that journal publishers wishing to obtain a quick proxy measure of citation potential for journal articles should consult their total online usage. Furthermore, due to the prevalent bias on topics regarding citation frequency, administrators and librarians are highly advised to take topics into consideration when determining scholars’ citation performance.
Polymerized Paired Ions as Polymeric Ionic Liquid–Proton Conductivity
Authors: Gu Hong , Yan Feng , Texter John
Published: June 2016

A new polymerized ionic liquid has been derived by photopolymerization of a stimuli‐responsive ionic liquid surfactant, ILAMPS, which is composed of polymerizable, paired ions. The cation is 1‐methyl‐3‐[11‐(acryloyloxy)undecyl] imidazolium (IL), and the anion is 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate (AMPS). This ion combination is a new ionic liquid. The resulting hygroscopic resins are highly polarizable, suitable for sensor design and for ultracapacitor fabrication and proton conducting. Interactions of imidazolium with anions provide basis for stimuli‐responsiveness, and are used to promote proton transport. Doping with one equivalent of HPF6 at 0% relative humidity produces a 100‐fold increase in proton conductivity at 100–125 °C and activation energies for proton transport lower than those of Nafion at water loadings less than 5 per sulfonate.

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Integral transform and fractional derivative formulas involving the extended generalized hypergeometric functions and probability distributions
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Agarwal Ritu , Jain Sonal
Published: June 2016

In the present paper, our aim is to establish several formulas involving integral transforms, fractional derivatives, and a certain family of extended generalized hypergeometric functions. As corollaries and consequences, many interesting results are shown to follow from our main results. A probability density function involving the extended generalized hypergeometric function is introduced, and its properties are studied. The corresponding properties of some of the classical probability distributions and their associated probability density functions are easily derivable as special cases of our general results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐strong and strong solutions for variable density asymmetric fluids in unbounded domains
Authors: Braz e Silva Pablo , Cruz Felipe W. , Rojas‐Medar Marko A.
Published: June 2016

We establish the existence of local in time semi‐strong solutions and global in time strong solutions for the system of equations describing flows of viscous and incompressible asymmetric fluids with variable density in general three‐dimensional domains with boundary uniformly of class C3. Under suitable assumptions, uniqueness of local semi‐strong solutions is also proved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serologic response and clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination in children and young adults on chemotherapy for cancer
Authors: Choi Daniel K. , Fuleihan Ramsay L. , Walterhouse David O.
Published: June 2016

Background

Influenza is a health risk to children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. An absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >1,000 cells/mm3 has been associated with the ability to produce an immune response to influenza vaccine during chemotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination during chemotherapy remains unclear.

Procedure

We conducted a prospective cohort study in children receiving chemotherapy for cancer during two consecutive influenza seasons. Assessments of immune cells and serologic response were measured immediately before and after receiving influenza vaccine. Patients were monitored for influenza or influenza‐like illness (ILI).

Results

Two hundred fifty‐nine patients were studied over 2 years. The seroresponse rate was 62% (98/157). The median ALC at vaccination was higher in seroresponders than nonresponders, 854 cells/mm3 versus 602 cells/mm3, respectively (P < 0.036). Univariate analysis showed that patients with an ALC <1,000 cells/mm3 at the time of vaccination were twice as likely to be sero‐nonresponders (P < 0.02, OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). Twelve percent (31/259) of patients developed influenza, of whom all had fever at presentation, 26% (8/31) required hospitalization, and 81% (25/31) had chemotherapy delays. No deaths were associated with influenza infection. The proportion of patients with influenza was not different between seroresponders and nonresponders.

Conclusions

Influenza infection following immunization remains a source of morbidity in children undergoing chemotherapy. Lymphopenia at vaccination predicted sero‐nonresponse. Seroresponse was not associated with a decreased frequency of influenza infection or ILI when compared to sero‐nonresponders, suggesting clinical effectiveness of vaccination is likely multifactorial. Further investigation into the efficacy of the influenza vaccine is needed to refine immunization recommendations.
Meet the neighbors: Mapping local protein interactomes by proximity‐dependent labeling with BioID
Authors: Varnaitė Renata , MacNeill Stuart A.
Published: June 2016

Proximity‐dependent biotin identification (BioID) is a recently developed method that allows the identification of proteins in the close vicinity of a protein of interest in living cells. BioID relies on fusion of the protein of interest with a mutant form of the biotin ligase enzyme BirA (BirA*) that is capable of promiscuously biotinylating proximal proteins irrespective of whether these interact directly or indirectly with the fusion protein or are merely located in the same subcellular neighborhood. The covalent addition of biotin allows the labeled proteins to be purified from cell extracts on the basis of their affinity for streptavidin and identified by mass spectrometry. To date, BioID has been successfully applied to study a variety of proteins and processes in mammalian cells and unicellular eukaryotes and has been shown to be particularly suited to the study of insoluble or inaccessible cellular structures and for detecting weak or transient protein associations. Here, we provide an introduction to BioID, together with a detailed summary of where and how the method has been applied to date, and briefly discuss technical aspects involved in the planning and execution of a BioID study.
Utilization of professional psychological care in a large German sample of cancer patients
Authors: Faller Hermann , Weis Joachim , Koch Uwe , Brähler Elmar , Härter Martin , Keller Monika , Schulz Holger , Wegscheider Karl , Boehncke Anna , Hund Bianca , Reuter Katrin , Richard Matthias , Sehner Susanne , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Mehnert Anja
Published: June 2016

Objective

Although one‐third of cancer patients are perceived to have a need for psychological support based on the percentage of mental disorders, little is known about the actual utilization of psychological care in cancer. We aimed to assess cancer patients' reported use of psychological care and its correlates in a large, representative sample.

Methods

In a multicenter, cross‐sectional study in Germany, 4020 cancer patients (mean age 58 years, 51% women) were evaluated. We obtained self‐reports of use of psychotherapy and psychological counseling. We measured distress with the Distress Thermometer, symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and social support with the Illness‐specific Social Support Scale. In a subsample of 2141, we evaluated the presence of a mental disorder using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Results

In total, 28.9% (95% confidence interval 27.4%‐30.4%) reported having used psychotherapy or psychological counseling or both because of distress due to cancer. Independent correlates of utilization included age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 per year], sex (male, OR = 0.55), social support (OR = 0.96), symptoms of depression (OR = 1.04) and anxiety (OR = 1.08), the diagnosis of a mental disorder (OR = 1.68), and a positive attitude toward psychosocial support (OR = 1.27). Less than half of those currently diagnosed with a mental disorder reported having taken up psychological support offers.

Conclusion

Special efforts should be made to reach populations that report low utilization of psychological care in spite of having a need for support.
Potential risk levels of invasive Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer) in areas optimal for open‐field Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cultivation in the present and under predicted climate change
Authors: da Silva Ricardo Siqueira , Kumar Lalit , Shabani Farzin , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Neoleucinodes elegantalis is one of the major insect pests of Solanum lycopersicum. Currently, N. elegantalis is present only in America and the Caribbean, and is a threat in the world's largest S. lycopersicum‐producing countries. In terms of potential impact on agriculture, the impact of climate change on insect invasions must be a concern. At present, no research exists regarding the effects of climatic change on the risk level of N. elegantalis. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for S. lycopersicum and N. elegantalis, utilizing CLIMEX to determine risk levels of N. elegantalis in open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation in the present and under projected climate change, using the global climate model CSIRO‐Mk3.0.

RESULTS

Large areas are projected to be suitable for N. elegantalis and optimal for open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation at the present time. However, in the future these areas will become unsuitable for both species. Conversely, other regions in the future may become optimal for open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation, with a varying risk level for N. elegantalis.

CONCLUSION

The risk level results presented here provide a useful tool to design strategies to prevent the introduction and establishment of N. elegantalis in open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Dimension reduction of satellite observations for remote sensing. Part 2: Illustration using hyperspectral microwave observations
Authors: Pellet V. , Aires F.
Published: June 2016

In the first article of this series, the two classical strategies to reduce satellite data dimension (i.e. compression and channel selection) were presented, together with the introduction of a new method, the so‐called ‘bottleneck channels’ (BC). BC are a compromise between the two classical approaches and can benefit from the advantages of both. In this article, the three methodologies are tested using experiments on a synthetic dataset corresponding to a hyperspectral conceptual instrument in the microwave, for frequencies up to 500 GHz. As expected, principal component analysis (PCA) based methods are best to compress data, but their components lack the physical interpretability of real channels. Channel selection methods preserve this physical meaning but require a much larger number of channels in order to use the redundancy of information to reduce instrumental noise. The new BC method appears to be a good compromise. It can be seen as a PCA compression method where the components are constrained to be instrument channels, facilitating their understanding, inversion or assimilation. BC allows for an easy calibration of data based on radiative transfer simulations and also alleviates the mixing problem of the PCA technique, where various physical variabilities (e.g. temperature, humidity, clouds) can be mixed in the same extracted components. Furthermore, the BC compression rate is equivalent to that of PCA‐based methods even with a limited number of BC.
Adaptable P–X Biaryl Phosphite/Phosphoroamidite‐Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation and C–X Bond‐Forming Reactions: Ligand Libraries with Exceptionally Wide Substrate Scope
Authors: Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: June 2016

In this personal review, we present our efforts in the design of ligand libraries for the discovery of suitable metal catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation and C–X bond‐forming reactions.

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Spontaneous Fractures of a Modern Modular Uncemented Femoral Stem
Authors: Koch Chelsea N. , Mateo Laura Serrano , Kayiaros Stephen , Cassidy Kevin A. , Jerabek Seth A. , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro
Published: June 2016

Background

Femoral stem fracture following total hip arthroplasty is an uncommon event that requires immediate revision surgery.

Questions/Purposes

We report on four patients who experienced stem fractures of one design and a review of the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reports on this design.

Methods

Fracture surfaces of four EMPERION™ (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) femoral stems were analyzed under optical and scanning electron microscopy. A search of the FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) that reports on all EMPERION™ adverse events was completed.

Results

Fracture surfaces exhibited characteristics consistent with a fatigue fracture mechanism. Sixteen MAUDE reports claimed stem fracture or breakage of EMPERION™ stems.

Conclusion

The four cases of EMPERION™ stem fractures were likely driven by small stem diameter, high offset, and high patient weight. Modular stem-sleeve femoral systems are susceptible to fatigue failure under high stress and should only be used in appropriate patients, whom are not considered obese.
Orgasm, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition, and Plasma Oxytocin in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Gleaning From a Distant Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Humble Mats B. , Bejerot Susanne
Published: June 2016

Introduction

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are widely used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). SRIs commonly cause delayed orgasm, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Oxytocin is involved in sexual function and is interconnected with serotonin within the brain. SRIs are reported to affect the oxytocin system, but possible relations between SRI-induced changes of sexual function and oxytocin are unexplored in humans. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of OCD, the anti-obsessive efficacy and adverse events of SRIs and oxytocin measurements were studied.

Aims

To identify possible correlates between oxytocin levels and sexual function; find out whether sexual side effects correlate with levels of oxytocin and/or paroxetine and clomipramine; and test whether changes in sexual functioning are related to an anti-obsessive response.

Methods

Reported sexual function and oxytocin plasma levels at rest were studied in 31 adults (15 men and 16 women) with OCD who participated in a randomized, double-blinded trial comparing the SRIs clomipramine and paroxetine with placebo. Sexual adverse effects were quantified by a clinician-administered semistructured interview. Anti-obsessive response was based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Main Outcome Measures

Ratings on the Sexual Symptom Checklist, plasma oxytocin, serum paroxetine and clomipramine levels, and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores.

Results

Baseline oxytocin levels were positively correlated with baseline OCD severity, but not with sexual functioning. Impaired orgasm at week 6 was reported by 73% of SRI-treated and 20% of placebo-treated patients (P = .03). Impaired orgasm was related to higher oxytocin levels after 4 weeks of SRI treatment (P < .01) but not to SRI concentrations. In men, an association between impaired orgasm and anti-obsessive treatment response was found (P = .028).

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that some collateral effects of SRIs, particularly delayed orgasm, might be influenced by changes within the oxytocinergic system and are related to anti-obsessive mechanisms. Early-onset delayed orgasm in SRI-treated patients could serve as a predictor for OCD treatment response.
Reflex Seizures Triggered by Diaper Change in Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Subki Ahmed H. , Alasmari Aishah S. , Jan Fadi M. , Moria Feras A. , Jan Mohammed M.
Published: June 2016

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epilepsy syndrome characterized by early onset of multiple types of seizures. We report the first case of reflex seizures triggered by diaper change in a girl at 9 months old and 2 years old with a mutation in the SCN1A gene causing DS. Reflex seizures have been reported in patients with DS provoked by increased body temperature or visual stimulation. The case we report widens the spectrum of triggers causing reflex seizures in children with DS. Cortical hyperexcitability resulting from the genetic defect explains the tendency to experience such reflex seizures.
Insights Into French Emergency Planning, Response, and Resilience Procedures From a Hospital Managerial Perspective Following the Paris Terrorist Attacks of Friday, November 13, 2015
Authors: Ghanchi Ali
Published: June 2016

On Friday, November 13, 2015, Paris was subjected to a multiple terrorist attack that caused widespread carnage. Although French emergency planning, response, and resilience procedures (Plan Blanc) anticipated crisis management of a major incident, these had to be adapted to the local context of Pitié-Salpêtrière University Teaching Hospital. Health care workers had undergone Plan Blanc training and exercises and it was fortunate that such a drill had occurred on the morning of the attack. The procedures were observed to work well because this type of eventuality had been fully anticipated, and staff performance exceeded expectations owing to prior in-depth training and preparations. Staff performance was also facilitated by overwhelming staff solidarity and professionalism, ensuring the smooth running of crisis management and improving victim survival rates. Although lessons learned are ongoing, an initial debriefing of managers found organizational improvements to be made. These included improvements to the activation of Plan Blanc and how staff were alerted, bed management, emergency morgue facilities, and public relations. In conclusion, our preparations for an eventual terrorist attack on this unprecedented scale ensured a successful medical response. Even though anticipating the unthinkable is difficult, contingency plans are being made to face other possible terrorist threats including chemical or biological agents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)
Fast magnetic energy dissipation in relativistic plasma induced by high order laser modes
Authors: Gu Y. J. , Yu Q. , Klimo O. , Esirkepov T. Zh. , Bulanov S. V. , Weber S. , Korn G.
Published: June 2016

Fast magnetic field annihilation in a collisionless plasma is induced by using TEM(1,0) laser pulse. The magnetic quadrupole structure formation, expansion and annihilation stages are demonstrated with 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The magnetic field energy is converted to the electric field and accelerate the particles inside the annihilation plane. A bunch of high energy electrons moving backwards is detected in the current sheet. The strong displacement current is the dominant contribution which induces the longitudinal inductive electric field.
Baroclinic instability of axially symmetric flow over sloping bathymetry
Authors: Solodoch Aviv , Stewart Andrew L. , McWilliams James C.
Published: June 2016

Observations and models of deep ocean boundary currents show that they exhibit complex variability, instabilities and eddy shedding, particularly over continental slopes that curve horizontally, for example around coastal peninsulas. In this article the authors investigate the source of this variability by characterizing the properties of baroclinic instability in mean flows over horizontally curved bottom slopes. The classical two-layer quasi-geostrophic solution for linear baroclinic instability over sloping bottom topography is extended to the case of azimuthal mean flow in an annular channel. To facilitate comparison with the classical straight channel instability problem of uniform mean flow, the authors focus on comparatively simple flows in an annulus, namely uniform azimuthal velocity and solid-body rotation. Baroclinic instability in solid-body rotation flow is analytically analogous to the instability in uniform straight channel flow due to several identical properties of the mean flow, including vanishing strain rate and vorticity gradient. The instability of uniform azimuthal flow is numerically similar to straight channel flow instability as long as the mean barotropic azimuthal velocity is zero. Non-zero barotropic flow generally suppresses the instability via horizontal curvature-induced strain and Reynolds stress work. An exception occurs when the ratio of the bathymetric to isopycnal slopes is close to (positive) one, as is often observed in the ocean, in which case the instability is enhanced. A non-vanishing mean barotropic flow component also results in a larger number of growing eigenmodes and in increased non-normal growth. The implications of these findings for variability in deep western boundary currents are discussed.
A new baenid turtle from the early Paleocene (Torrejonian) of New Mexico and a species-level phylogenetic analysis of Baenidae
Authors: Lyson Tyler R. , Joyce Walter G. , Lucas Spencer G. , Sullivan Robert M.
Published: June 2016

New cranial and postcranial material of the baenid turtleNeurankylusfrom the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation (Torrejonian NALMA) of northwestern New Mexico represents a new species,Neurankylus torrejonensis. The material consists of a fragmented but mostly complete skull, a partial carapace and plastron, portions of both humeri, a partial pelvis, a complete right femur, and a distal phalanx. The small, undivided cervical scale, wide vertebrals, complete ring of marginals, and large size (carapace length 520 mm) diagnose the new taxon as belonging toNeurankylus. The narrow fifth vertebral scale and scalloped posterior shell margin reveal affinities withNeurankylus baueriGilmore, 1916, which is known from Campanian sediments in New Mexico and Utah. The holotype ofNeurankylus torrejonensisis the youngest known specimen of theNeurankyluslineage, which is known to reach at least back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian). A nearly complete species-level analysis of baenids confirms the basal placement ofNeurankylusoutside of Baenodda and the split of Baenodda into two primary subclades, herein named Palatobaeninae and Eubaeninae.
Random walks in a queueing network environment
Authors: Gannon M. , Pechersky E. , Suhov Y. , Yambartsev A.
Published: June 2016

We propose a class of models of random walks in a random environment where an exact solution can be given for a stationary distribution. The environment is cast in terms of a Jackson/Gordon–Newell network although alternative interpretations are possible. The main tool is the detailed balance equations. The difference compared to earlier works is that the position of the random walk influences the transition intensities of the network environment and vice versa, creating strong correlations. The form of the stationary distribution is closely related to the well-known product formula.
Convergence of directed random graphs to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree
Authors: Gabrysch Katja
Published: June 2016

We consider a directed graph on the integers with a directed edge from vertex i to j present with probability n-1, whenever i < j, independently of all other edges. Moreover, to each edge (i, j) we assign weight n-1(j - i). We show that the closure of vertex 0 in such a weighted random graph converges in distribution to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree as n → ∞. In addition, we derive limit theorems for the length of the longest path in the subgraph of the Poisson-weighted infinite tree which has all vertices at weighted distance of at most ρ from the root.
Optimal importance sampling for the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals
Authors: Kim Je Guk
Published: June 2016

We present an asymptotically optimal importance sampling for Monte Carlo simulation of the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals which plays a prominent role in many disciplines. To this end we utilize the theory of large deviations to reduce finding an asymptotically optimal importance sampling measure to solving a calculus of variations problem. Closed-form solutions are obtained. In addition we also present a path to the test of regularity of optimal drift which is an issue in implementing the proposed method. The performance analysis of the method is provided through the Dothan bond pricing model.
On the invariance principle for reversible Markov chains
Authors: Peligrad Magda , Utev Sergey
Published: June 2016

In this paper we investigate the functional central limit theorem (CLT) for stochastic processes associated to partial sums of additive functionals of reversible Markov chains with general spate space, under the normalization standard deviation of partial sums. For this case, we show that the functional CLT is equivalent to the fact that the variance of partial sums is regularly varying with exponent 1 and the partial sums satisfy the CLT. It is also equivalent to the conditional CLT.
Momentum liquidation under partial information
Authors: Ekström Erik , Vannestål Martin
Published: June 2016

Momentum is the notion that an asset that has performed well in the past will continue to do so for some period. We study the optimal liquidation strategy for a momentum trade in a setting where the drift of the asset drops from a high value to a smaller one at some random change-point. This change-point is not directly observable for the trader, but it is partially observable in the sense that it coincides with one of the jump times of some exogenous Poisson process representing external shocks, and these jump times are assumed to be observable. Comparisons with existing results for momentum trading under incomplete information show that the assumption that the disappearance of the momentum effect is triggered by observable external shocks significantly improves the optimal strategy.
The Markov consistency of Archimedean survival processes
Authors: Jakubowski J. , Pytel A.
Published: June 2016

In this paper we connect Archimedean survival processes (ASPs) with the theory of Markov copulas. ASPs were introduced by Hoyle and Mengütürk (2013) to model the realized variance of two assets. We present some new properties of ASPs related to their dependency structure. We study weak and strong Markovian consistency properties of ASPs. An ASP is weak Markovian consistent, but generally not strong Markovian consistent. Our results contain necessary and sufficient conditions for an ASP to be strong Markovian consistent. These properties are closely related to the concept of Markov copulas, which is very useful in modelling different dependence phenomena. At the end we present possible applications.
Ribosomal DNA analysis of isolates of the liver fluke Opisthorchis pedicellata (Verma, 1927) from two siluroid fish species in India
Authors: Choudhary K. , Agrawal N.
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the genetic relationship between two isolates of Opisthorchis (O. pedicellata sp. 1, O. pedicellata sp. 2) from two siluroid fish hosts, based on three nuclear DNA (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2). Molecular analysis revealed that both isolates of 18S sequences showed low intraspecific variability (1.6%), while this was 1.9% for ITS1 and 2.6% for ITS2. The secondary structure of the ITS2 region exhibited a remarkable four-helix model, with helices 1 and 4 being relatively short, three U–U mismatches in helix 2 and the longest helix (3) having two UGGG motifs. The phylogenetic analyses, using neighbour–joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods of MEGA 6, demonstrate that both isolates form a sister clade with significant support (100%). Therefore, we concluded that both the isolates of O. pedicellata are of the same species but some variations may be due to the sympatric environment of variant hosts.
3. On the Absorption of Low Radiant Heat by Gaseous Bodies
Authors: MacGregor
Published: June 2016

The following pages contain an account of experiments made by myself and Mr T. Lindsay, at the request of Professor Tait, to determine the absorption of damp air containing a known quantity of water vapour, by finding in what proportions dry air and olefiant gas must be mixed in order that the absorption of the mixture may be the same as that of the damp air. The experiments were made according to the method described by Professor Tait in a letter read by Sir William Thomson at the Southampton meeting of the British Association (see Nature, vol. xxvi. p. 639, 1882). They consist of two series—the first, a series of rough experiments made, first, to determine whether or not the method would work, and, secondly, to find the dimensions of the apparatus which would give the best result; the second, a series of more careful experiments made when the method was found to give satisfactory results.
4. Note on the Compressibility of Water
Authors: Tait
Published: June 2016

To test by an independent process the accuracy of the unit of my pressure gauge, on which the estimated corrections for the “Challenger” deep-sea thermometers depend, it was arranged that H.M.S. “Triton” should visit during the autumn a region in which soundings of at least a mile and a half could be had. A set of manometers, filled with pure water, and recording by the washing away of part of a very thin film of silver, were employed. They were all previously tested, up to about 2½ tons weight per square inch, in my large apparatus. As I was otherwise engaged, Professor Chrystal and Mr Murray kindly undertook the deep-sea observations; and I have recently begun the work of reducing them.
1. On Ancient Tenure of Land in Scotland
Authors: Jamieson G. Auldjo
Published: June 2016

I deem no apology due for introducing to the notice of the Royal Society the subject of the present paper. The close and accurate criticism which distinguishes modern scholarship has allied all branches of knowledge in a common scientific system; and the laws which regulate the development of human society are now recognised as being not less inexorable than those of which the operation on material objects is the more frequent theme in this room. To exhume the forms and types of ancient society, to subject them to close analysis, to identify their prototypes and trace their evolution in our modern life is not less a scientific study than to dig out the nodules of remote ages from those ancient records the rocks, and to subject them to that analysis which detects their identity with forms of life still extant. But with this difference in our present inquiry : the forms of existence of which the nodule is the representative have transmitted their characteristics through so great a succession and variety of forms as to make their identity with, or even relation to, any modern type distinguishable in most cases only by subtle processes of analysis; they are themselves callous and dead, and have no direct contact with the life of the present day; but the systems of ancient society have not undergone that process of extinction and disintegration in transmitting their characteristics; it is less in the alembic that decomposes than by the scalpel that exposes, that their characteristics are discoverable; they do touch, and that often closely, the living present, and there is danger therefore that in the search for ancient truth a nerve may be sometimes touched that may send a thrill into living organisms in our modern society, aflame as some of these are at present with fevered sensation and debate.
4. On the Homology of the Neural Gland in the Tunicata with the Hypophysis Cerebri
Authors: Herdman W. A.
Published: June 2016

In an ordinary simple Ascidian, where both the branchial and atrial apertures are at or near the anterior extremity of the body, the region lying between them—the interoscular area of Laeaze-Duthiers—is small in extent, and contains three important structures, the nerve ganglion, the neural gland, and the dorsal tubercle, lying close together. The ganglion in such a case is elongated dorsoyentrally, and gives off nerves at its two extremities, one set ventrally and anteriorly towards the branchial aperture, and the other set dorsally and posteriorly towards the atrial.
1. On some Properties of the Line of Simple Flexure
Authors: Sang Edward
Published: June 2016

The unrestricted problem, “To find the form assumed by an elastic system when subjected to. known strains,” is one of those mechanical problems which baffle the powers even of the modern calculus. It is only when the change of form is exceedingly small that we can obtain approximate results. In the simplest case—that of a straight uniform elastic body—there is, so far as I know, no complete solution; and thus I venture to suppose that the following remarks may not be devoid of interest:—
3. The Electrical Resistance of Hydrogenised Palladium
Authors: Knott Cargill G.
Published: June 2016

That the electrical resistance of palladium is increased by hydrogenisation has long been known, but the lack of any very definite information induced me to investigate the matter last winter.
2. On Superposed Magnetisms in Iron and Nickel
Authors: Knott C. G.
Published: June 2016

When an iron wire is magnetised longitudinally, it lengthens in the direction of magnetisation, according to an old discovery of Joule's. More recently Wiedemann showed that when wire is at the same time magnetised circularly it tends to twist. Thus, if an iron wire be fixed at one end, and stretched vertically by means of a mass attached to the free end, the free end will twist round when the wire is both traversed by one current and magnetised by another which traverses a helix surrounding it. If the wire is magnetised so as to have the north pole down, a down current will make the free end twist in the direction of the hands of a watch as looked at from above. Eeversal of either current reverses the direction of twist; reversal of both produces no alteration. Maxwell and Chrystal have pointed out that Wiedemann's phenomenon can be explained by means of Joule's.
4. On Surface Emissivity
Authors: Tait
Published: June 2016

Professor Tait laid before the Society a photograph of the arm of a child struck by lightning, sent by direction of Mr Milne Home.
10. The Elementary Composition of Nitroglycerine
Authors: Hay Matthew , Masson Orme , Brown Crum
Published: June 2016

Investigations have been made by Railton, Williamson, Hess and Schwab, Beckerhinn, and Sduer and Ador for the purpose of ascertaining the elementary composition and the constitution of nitroglycerine. They all agree in regarding it as a nitrate of glyceryl; but, whilst some consider that it is a tri-nitrate, others hold that it is a variable mixture of the tri-nitrate with di-nitrate and mononitrate. Their analyses are quite insufficient to establish either the one or the other conclusion, and have mainly been confined to estimations of the nitrogen. If we except a comparative estimation of the carbon with the nitrogen, there exist absolutely no determinations of the carbon or of the hydrogen. And, as the decomposition of nitroglycerine with potash has been shown to occur in a manner considerably different from that suggested by Railton and Williamson, the main reason in support of the constitution of nitroglycerine as a tri-nitrate has been removed. The authors of the present communication therefore believed that they were amply justified in making a fresh and more careful and complete analysis of the composition of nitroglycerine. Absolute determinations were made, not only of the nitrogen, but also of the carbon and hydrogen; and, in order to ascertain the uniformity in composition of nitroglycerine, the nitrogen of samples prepared by various methods was estimated. The nitroglycerine was both pure and thoroughly dried. For the determination of the nitrogen, modifications of Dumas's method and of Schloesing's method were employed. The carbon and hydrogen were estimated by a modification of Liebig's method. Every precaution was taken to insure that the results obtained should be correct. The average of the determinations gave 15 · 91 per cent, of carbon, 2 · 49 per cent, of hydrogen, and 18 · 05 per cent. (Dumas) or 18 · 14 per cent. (Schloesing) of nitrogen. Theoretically nitroglycerine, regarded as the tri-nitrate of glyceryl, contains 15 · 86 per cent, of carbon, 2 · 20 per cent, of hydrogen, and 18 · 50 per cent, of nitrogen. The quantities obtained by experiment agree so closely with the theoretical quantities that they may be regarded as affording proof that nitroglycerine is, in reality, the tri-nitrate of glyceryl. The authors also conclude, from the unvarying amount of nitrogen obtainable from variously prepared specimens of nitroglycerine, including one from Nobel's dynamite, that nitroglycerine is constant in composition and does not contain any of the lower nitrates of glyceryl, unless very imperfectly washed.
2. The Old English Mile
Authors: Petrie Wm. Flinders , Smith Robertson
Published: June 2016

The length of the old English mile has been hitherto so uncertain, that any fresh light upon it is well worthy of study; and an important source of information—the map in the Bodleian Library— has not yet been brought to bear upon the question. The present inquiry was suggested by the sight of this map, which seems to add so much to our knowledge that a review of the whole subject has become desirable. It is proposed, therefore, in this paper to bring together all the data worth consideration, beginning with the most recent; and by deducing what the mean conclusion is from each source, to be thus able to compare together the various results, and so arrive at some definite statements within known limits of uncertainty.
3. Notes on the Madi or Moru Tribe of Central Africa
Authors: Felkin Robert W.
Published: June 2016

The following notes have been compiled from my own observation, when in Central Africa in 1880, from inquiries I made on the spot, and from the information I have obtained from a native who has been my faithful servant during the past few years.
4. On theCrinoideaof the North Atlantic between Gibraltar and the Faeroe Islands
Authors: Carpenter P. Herbert , von Graff L. , Murray John
Published: June 2016

This communication falls conveniently into two sections—I. dealing with the specimens obtained by H.M.SS. “Lightning” and “Porcupine,” during what may be called the pre-Challenger period of deep-sea exploration; II. concerning those dredged by the “Knight Errant” and “Triton” during the surveys of the Wyville Thomson ridge, which were conducted in the years 1880–82.
2. The Researches of M. E. de Jonquières on Periodic Continued Fractions
Authors: Muir Thomas
Published: June 2016

1. During the present year there has appeared at intervals, in the Comptes Rendus of the French Academy, quite a series of communications by M. E. de Jonquieres, on the subject of those periodic continued fractions which are the equivalents of the square roots of integers. These communications have attracted attention, both on account of the number of results given in them, and because, as a writer in the Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques says, of their interesting and profound character. To any one really intimate with the bibliography of the subject, this cannot but be a little surprising. It is true that the number of so-called theorems is great; but the very special character of a number of them, the fact that they are just such theorems as may be obtained by experiment and induction, and the want of demonstrations of them as evidence that the author was in possession of a mathematical theory of the subject, are points that have been too much overlooked. Further, and what is more important, many of the theorems are not new, and there is a sense in which the epithet “new” cannot fairly be applied to any of the earlier ones, because of the existence of a widely general theorem in which they are directly included, or from which they may with readiness be deduced.