bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TREM2 in the pathogenesis of AD: a lipid metabolism regulator and potential metabolic therapeutic target
Authors: Li Rui-Yang , Qin Qi , Yang Han-Chen , Wang Ying-Ying , Mi Ying-Xin , Yin Yun-Si , Wang Meng , Yu Chao-Ji , Tang Yi
Published: June 2022

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a single-pass transmembrane immune receptor that is mainly expressed on microglia in the brain and macrophages in the periphery. Recent studies have identified TREM2 as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increasing evidence has shown that TREM2 can affect lipid metabolism both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. In the CNS, TREM2 affects the metabolism of cholesterol, myelin, and phospholipids and promotes the transition of microglia into a disease-associated phenotype. In the periphery, TREM2 influences lipid metabolism by regulating the onset and progression of obesity and its complications, such as hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. All these altered lipid metabolism processes could influence the pathogenesis of AD through several means, including affecting inflammation, insulin resistance, and AD pathologies. Herein, we will discuss a potential pathway that TREM2 mediates lipid metabolism to influence the pathogenesis of AD in both the CNS and periphery. Moreover, we discuss the possibility that TREM2 may be a key factor that links central and peripheral lipid metabolism under disease conditions, including AD. This link may be due to impacts on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier, and we introduce potential pathways by which TREM2 affects the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, we discuss the role of lipids in TREM2-associated treatments for AD. We propose some potential therapies targeting TREM2 and discuss the prospect and limitations of these therapies.
Effects of practicing yoga on alexisomia: an open-label trial
Authors: Oka Takakazu , Lkhagvasuren Battuvshin
Published: June 2022

Background

Alexisomia refers to difficulties in the awareness and expression of somatic feelings. This idea was proposed by Dr. Yujiro Ikemi as a characteristic observed in patients with psychosomatic diseases and is based on his observations that patients with psychosomatic diseases have difficulty in the awareness and expression of not only their emotions, i.e., alexithymia, but also somatic feelings and sensations, i.e., alexisomia. He also proposed that treating alexisomia is important in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases and that yoga might help improve alexisomia. However, no study has investigated if yoga actually affects alexisomia. This open-label pilot study investigated whether practicing yoga in a class results in change in patients with alexisomia and alexithymia.

Methods

The Shitsu-taikan-sho Scale (STSS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were administered to 305 participants, including 64 healthy participants, 111 participants who had subjective symptoms without abnormal findings, and 130 participants with chronic diseases. Participants were tested before and 3 months after attending yoga classes.

Results

Yoga practice reduced the STSS and the TAS-20 difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF) subscale scores. Multiple linear regression indicated that a reduction in the TAS-20 DIF subscale scores predicted a decrease in the STSS score, whereas reductions in the STSS difficulty in identifying bodily feelings (DIB) and the lack of health management based on bodily feelings (LHM) subscale scores predicted a decrease in the TAS-20 scores.

Conclusion

We found that regular yoga practice improves alexisomia. Yoga-induced improvement of alexisomia may be mediated, at least in part, by an improvement of DIF in alexithymia. Yoga would be a promising therapeutic approach to improve alexisomia.
Experience of annual events in the family and social adjustment of school-age children
Authors: Hosokawa Rikuya , Katsura Toshiki , Taira Kazuya
Published: June 2022

Background

Parent–child relationships, the rearing attitudes of parents toward their children as well as the interactive relationships, such as play and cultural activities that parents and children enjoy together, serve as important factors in predicting a child’s growth and development. These experiences of annual events celebrated with the family may be related to the school-age child’s development. However, this relationship has not been investigated sufficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between the experience of annual events observed in the family and a child’s social adjustment.

Methods

In 2019, a self-administered questionnaire survey targeting fifth graders (ages 10–11) in Japan was conducted with children’s parents. Major survey items included participants’ characteristics (child’s sex, family composition, siblings, household income, and parents’ educational backgrounds), annual events observed in the family (Setsubun or the day before the start of spring, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, the Tanabata or Weaver Festival, Respect for the Aged Day, Winter solstice, etc.), and the child’s social adjustment (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). A total of 653 children who met the criteria of not having any developmental disorders were included as participants for the analysis.

Results

The participants had celebrated an average of 15.47 (± 5.52) annual events with their families that year. The number of annual events celebrated was significantly related to family composition and the parents’ educational backgrounds. We found that children who came from families with numerous experiences of annual events were more likely to have higher prosocial behavior and were less likely to have externalizing or internalizing problems. The same pattern was found even after adjusting for the family’s socioeconomic background and other factors; that is, children who came from families having diverse experiences of annual events were more likely to show prosocial tendencies.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the experience of annual events observed with family potentially enhances a child’s prosocial behavior. Thus, celebrating and preserving cultural and personal events in the amily context may be an important developmental experience in terms of children’s social adjustment.
Comparative effectiveness of aerobic exercise versus Yi Jin Jing on ovarian function in young overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ketlhoafetse Antonnette , Liu Xiangyun , Cao Yang
Published: June 2022

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disease among women of childbearing age, characterized by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction. Aerobic exercise is an important solution used to manage PCOS, due to its multiple benefits. Yi Jin Jing is an important component of traditional Chinese exercise (TCE), based on the root of traditional Chinese medicine theory (TCM), which focuses on keeping the body as a whole in a harmonious state. However, to date there is no literature on the benign effects of Yi Jin Jing on PCOS. The primary purpose of this protocol is to assess the effectiveness of aerobic exercise versus Yi Jin Jing, on the management of ovarian function in young overweight/obese women with PCOS.

Methods

The study will conduct a controlled randomized, superiority trial with three-arm parallel groups, recruiting 90 women diagnosed with PCOS, ages between 18 and 35 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 kg/m2. Women will be randomly assigned to either control group (combined oral contraceptives) or one of the intervention groups (Yi Jin Jing group or aerobic exercise group) with an allocation rate of 1:1:1. After randomization, the intervention will be conducted within a 12-week period. The primary outcome would be anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level; the secondary outcomes would be biochemical profiles, ovarian volume, antral follicle count, BMI, menstrual frequency, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Outcome measures would be collected during baseline and end of treatment. Reporting of the study will follow the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement.

Discussion

This proposed study will be the first randomized clinical trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of aerobic exercise versus Yi Jin Jing on the management of ovarian function in young overweight/obese women with PCOS. The results may provide a new evidence-based management strategy for young women with PCOS.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900022385. Registered on 9 April 2019
Improved glycemic status, insulin resistance and inflammation after receiving oral oleoylethanolamide supplement in people with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pouryousefi Elahe , Javadi Maryam , Hashemipour Sima , Nooshabadi Mohamadreza Rashidi , Haghighian Hossein Khadem
Published: June 2022

Background

The anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids have been shown. This study was conducted to assess effect of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) supplementation on glycemic status, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammatory factor in pre-diabetic individuals.

Methods

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was done at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in which 46 pre-diabetic patients were divided into two equal groups and received one 125 mg OEA capsule in the intervention group (23 subjects) and 125 mg capsule containing wheat flour in placebo group daily for 8 weeks. After collecting demographic information, at the beginning and end of the study, the questionnaires of physical activity, 24-hour food recall were completed and blood glucose (BG), plasma insulin level, IR, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results

At the beginning and end of the study, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of anthropometric indices, food intake and physical activity (P > 0.05). At the end of the study, consumption of OEA significantly reduced BS, insulin, IR, HbA1c, and CRP (P < 0.05). No significant change was observed in mentioned biochemical factors in placebo group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Given that OEA supplementation improved the glycemic status, IR and reduced the inflammatory factor, use of this supplement can be introduced as a useful supplement to control pre-diabetes status.

Trial registration: The protocol of this clinical trial is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.IRCT.IR, identifier: IRCT20141025019669N16).
Ballistic strength training in adults with cerebral palsy may increase rate of force development in plantar flexors, but transition to walking remains unclear: a case series
Authors: Gjesdal Beate Eltarvåg , Mæland S. , Bogen B. , Cumming K. T. , Nesse V. C. , Torberntsson S. M. R. , Rygh C. B.
Published: June 2022

Background

Persons with cerebral palsy (CP) walk with reduced ankle plantar flexor power compared to typically developing. In this study, we investigated whether a ballistic strength-training programme targeting ankle plantar flexors could improve muscle strength, muscle architecture and walking function in adults with CP.

Methods

Eight adults (mildly affected CP) underwent eight weeks of ballistic strength training, with two sessions per week. Before and after the intervention preferred walking speed, ankle plantar flexion rate of force development (RFD), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length were measured. Data are presented for individuals, as well as for groups. Group changes were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Data were analysed for eight participants (five women, mean age 37.9 years; six GMFCS I and two GMFCS II). Two participants increased their walking speed, but there were no significant group changes. In terms of muscle strength, there were significant group changes for RFD at 100 ms and MVC. In the case of muscle architecture, there were no group changes.

Conclusion

In this study, we found that eight weeks of ballistic strength training improved ankle plantar flexor muscle strength but walking function and muscle architecture were unchanged. Larger studies will be needed to obtain conclusive evidence of the efficacy of this training method.
Effect of bupivacaine intraperitoneal and intra-abdominal bicarbonate in reducing postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a double-blind randomized clinical trial study
Authors: Nikoubakht Nasim , Faiz Seyed Hamid Reza , Mousavie Seyed Hamzeh , Shafeinia Amineh , Borhani Zonoz Leila
Published: June 2022

Objective

We aimed to compare the effect of bupivacaine intraperitoneal with intra-abdominal bicarbonate in reducing postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 58 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy referred to a hospital in Tehran, Iran (2019), were assigned into three groups: at the end of the surgery, spraying 50 cc of bupivacaine 0.2% through the laparoscopic port; or rinsing the abdomen with 5.7% bicarbonate dissolved in 1000 cc of normal saline; or abdominal lavage with normal saline. Pain of patients was evaluated according to visual analogue scale criteria and means Ramsay score in recovery times, 2, 8 and 24 h and post-operative analgesia satisfaction score at 2 and 24 h were also evaluated. The mean age of range was 44.26 ± 13.13 years, 44 female patients and 14 male patients. The mean Ramsay score in recovery, 2, 8 and 24 h postoperative times was not significantly different among the groups. Comparing post-operative analgesic satisfaction scores in recovery, 2 and 24 h revealed no significant difference among the groups. We found that use of bupivacaine intraperitoneal and intra-abdominal bicarbonate decreased pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy but the decrease was more in bupivacaine group than bicarbonate group.

Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered, IRCT20180723040570N1; date of registration: 2019-06-24.
Sorafenib targets and inhibits the oncogenic properties of endometrial cancer stem cells via the RAF/ERK pathway
Authors: Takao Tomoka , Masuda Hirotaka , Kajitani Takashi , Miki Fumie , Miyazaki Kaoru , Yoshimasa Yushi , Katakura Satomi , Tomisato Shoko , Uchida Sayaka , Uchida Hiroshi , Tanaka Mamoru , Maruyama Tetsuo
Published: June 2022

Background

Distinct subsets of cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive the initiation and progression of malignant tumors via enhanced self-renewal and development of treatment/apoptosis resistance. Endometrial CSC-selective drugs have not been successfully developed because most endometrial cell lines do not contain a sufficient proportion of stable CSCs. Here, we aimed to identify endometrial CSC-containing cell lines and to search for endometrial CSC-selective drugs.

Methods

We first assessed the presence of CSCs by identifying side populations (SPs) in several endometrial cancer cell lines. We then characterized cell viability, colony-formation, transwell invasion and xenotransplantion capability using the isolated SP cells. We also conducted real-time RT-PCR, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses of the cells’ expression of CSC-associated markers. Focusing on 14 putative CSC-selective drugs, we characterized their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cell lines, examining cell viability and annexin V staining. We further examined the inhibitory effects of the selected drugs, focusing on proliferation, invasion, expression of CSC-associated markers and tumor formation.

Results

We focused on HHUA cells, an endometrial cancer cell line derived from a well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. HHUA cells contained a sufficient proportion of stable CSCs with an SP phenotype (HHUA-SP). HHUA-SP showed greater proliferation, colony-formation, and invasive capabilities compared with the main population of HHUA cells (HHUA-MP). HHUA-SP generated larger tumors with higher expression of proliferation-related markers, Ki67, c-MYC and phosphorylated ERK compared with HHUA-MP when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Among the 14 candidate drugs, sorafenib, an inhibitor of RAF pathways and multiple kinase receptors, inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in both HHUA-SP and -MP, but more profoundly in HHUA-SP. In vivo treatment with sorafenib for 4 weeks reduced the weights of HHUA-SP-derived tumors and decreased the expression of Ki67, ZEB1, and RAF1.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that HHUA is a useful cell line for discovery and identification of endometrial CSC-selective drugs, and that sorafenib may be an effective anti-endometrial cancer drug targeting endometrial CSCs.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from different perinatal tissues donated by same donors manifest variant performance on the acute liver failure model in mouse
Authors: Li Shanshan , Wang Junfeng , Jiang Bin , Jiang Jiang , Luo Lilin , Zheng Bingrong , Si Wei
Published: June 2022

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues have variant biological characteristics, which may induce different performances in the treatment of diseases. At present, it is difficult to know which type of MSC is most suitable for acute liver failure (ALF), and there is no parallel study to compare MSCs from different tissues of the same donor.

Methods

In this study, we derived MSCs from three different perinatal tissues of the same donor: cord lining (CL), cord–placenta junction (CPJ) and fetal placenta (FP), respectively, for compared gene expression profiles by transcriptome sequencing, and ability of proliferation and immune regulation in vitro. In addition, the therapeutic effects (e.g., survival rate, histological evaluation, biochemical analysis) of CL-MSCs, FP-MSCs and CPJ-MSCs on ALF mouse model were compared.

Results

The transcriptome analysis showed that FP-MSCs have significantly high expression of chemokines compared to CPJ-MSCs and CL-MSCs, similar to the q-PCR result. Of note, we found that CPJ-MSCs and FP-MSCs could improve the survival rate of mice with ALF induced by carbon tetrachloride, but CL-MSCs had no difference with Sham group. Moreover, we also found that biomarkers of ALF (e.g., MDA, SOD and GSH-px) significantly improved post-CPJ-MSCs and FP-MSCs treatment, but not CL-MSCs and Sham group. However, CL-MSCs treatment leads to inflammatory reaction in the early stage (day 3) of ALF treatment but not found with other groups.

Conclusions

It is important to select the MSCs derived from different tissues with variant performance for therapeutic purpose, and the CPJ-MSCs and FP-MSCs cells can significantly improve the syndrome of ALF which is highly recommended for a potential therapeutic options for ALF.
Exploiting document graphs for inter sentence relation extraction
Authors: Le Hoang-Quynh , Can Duy-Cat , Collier Nigel
Published: June 2022

Background

Most previous relation extraction (RE) studies have focused on intra sentence relations and have ignored relations that span sentences, i.e. inter sentence relations. Such relations connect entities at the document level rather than as relational facts in a single sentence. Extracting facts that are expressed across sentences leads to some challenges and requires different approaches than those usually applied in recent intra sentence relation extraction. Despite recent results, there are still limitations to be overcome.

Results

We present a novel representation for a sequence of consecutive sentences, namely document subgraph, to extract inter sentence relations. Experiments on the BioCreative V Chemical-Disease Relation corpus demonstrate the advantages and robustness of our novel system to extract both intra- and inter sentence relations in biomedical literature abstracts. The experimental results are comparable to state-of-the-art approaches and show the potential by demonstrating the effectiveness of graphs, deep learning-based model, and other processing techniques. Experiments were also carried out to verify the rationality and impact of various additional information and model components.

Conclusions

Our proposed graph-based representation helps to extract ∼50%of inter sentence relations and boosts the model performance on both precision and recall compared to the baseline model.
Synthesizing evidence from clinical trials with dynamic interactive argument trees
Authors: Sanchez-Graillet Olivia , Witte Christian , Grimm Frank , Grautoff Steffen , Ell Basil , Cimiano Philipp
Published: June 2022

Background

Evidence-based medicine propagates that medical/clinical decisions are made by taking into account high-quality evidence, most notably in the form of randomized clinical trials. Evidence-based decision-making requires aggregating the evidence available in multiple trials to reach –by means of systematic reviews– a conclusive recommendation on which treatment is best suited for a given patient population. However, it is challenging to produce systematic reviews to keep up with the ever-growing number of published clinical trials. Therefore, new computational approaches are necessary to support the creation of systematic reviews that include the most up-to-date evidence.We propose a method to synthesize the evidence available in clinical trials in an ad-hoc and on-demand manner by automatically arranging such evidence in the form of a hierarchical argument that recommends a therapy as being superior to some other therapy along a number of key dimensions corresponding to the clinical endpoints of interest. The method has also been implemented as a web tool that allows users to explore the effects of excluding different points of evidence, and indicating relative preferences on the endpoints.

Results

Through two use cases, our method was shown to be able to generate conclusions similar to the ones of published systematic reviews. To evaluate our method implemented as a web tool, we carried out a survey and usability analysis with medical professionals. The results show that the tool was perceived as being valuable, acknowledging its potential to inform clinical decision-making and to complement the information from existing medical guidelines.

Conclusions

The method presented is a simple but yet effective argumentation-based method that contributes to support the synthesis of clinical trial evidence. A current limitation of the method is that it relies on a manually populated knowledge base. This problem could be alleviated by deploying natural language processing methods to extract the relevant information from publications.
Implementation and modification of an organizational-level intervention: a prospective analysis
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Uriarte Jefferson J. , Anderson Naomi , Romo Elida , Caicedo Juan Carlos , Shumate Michelle
Published: June 2022

Background

Modifications to interventions can jeopardize intervention outcomes. Pre-existing perceived barriers and facilitators to the intervention arising in the implementation preparation phase may help explain why modifications to the intervention may occur during the implementation phase. This two-site comparative case study describes modifications made to a complex organizational-level intervention and examines how known implementation science factors may have enabled such changes to occur.

Methods

Northwestern Medicine’sTM Hispanic Kidney Transplant Program (HKTP) is a culturally competent transplant center-based intervention designed to reduce disparities in living donor kidney transplantation among Hispanics. In-depth qualitative interviews and discussions were longitudinally conducted with transplant stakeholders (i.e., physicians, administrators, clinicians) at two kidney transplant programs with large Hispanic populations during implementation preparation and implementation phases. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided interview design and qualitative analysis, and Stirman’s Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded (FRAME) guided modification classification.

Results

Across sites, 57 stakeholders participated in an interview, group discussion, and/or learning collaborative discussion. Site-B made more modifications than Site-A (n = 29 versus n = 18). Sites differed in the proportions of delaying/skipping (Site-A 50% versus Site-B 28%) and adding (Site-A 11% versus Site-B 28%) but had comparable substituting (Site-A 17% versus Site-B 17%) and tweaking (Site-A 17% versus Site-B 14%) modification types. Across sites, the transplant team consistently initiated the most modifications (Site-A 66%; Site-B 62%). While individuals initiated slightly more modifications at Site-B (21% versus Site-A 17%), institutions instigated proportionately slightly more modifications at Site-A (17% versus Site-B 10%). CFIR inner setting factors (i.e., structural characteristics, culture, available resources, implementation climate) that prominently emerged during the implementation preparation phase explained similarities and differences in sites’ modification numbers, types, and agents in the implementation phase.

Conclusion

Organizations implementing a culturally competent care intervention made modifications. CFIR inner setting factors emerging in the implementation preparation phase largely explained similarities and differences in study sites’ modifications. Identifying factors contributing to modifications may help institutions become better prepared to implement an intervention by addressing known factors in advance, which may foster greater fidelity leading to desired outcomes.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT03276390. We registered the study retrospectively on 9-7-17.
Preparation and evaluation of pirfenidone loaded chitosan nanoparticles pulmonary delivery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Dudhat Kiran , Patel Harsha
Published: June 2022

Background

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal disorder caused by abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, which results in increasing dyspnea and loss of pulmonary function. Pirfenidone (PFD) has antifibrotic properties that have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of IPF. Pirfenidone is currently delivered orally, which has drawbacks like reduced bioavailability in the presence of food, gastrointestinal (dyspepsia and anorexia), and dermatological (photosensitivity) side-effects, large amount of dose, and elimination half-life of 2.4 h. This study aimed was to prepare inhalable powders containing PFD-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for sustained delivery of the drug to the lung.

Result

The quasi-solvent diffusion method was used with optimized 100 mg PFD and 100 mg chitosan (CS). An in-vitro drug release research found that increasing the amount of chitosan reduced the rate of drug release from nanoparticles. Entrapment of PFD into chitosan nanoparticles decreased with the increased concentration of stabilizer concentration. All batches produced nanoparticles with a spherical morphology confirmed by SEM and sizes ranging from 239.3 ± 1.8 to 928.7 ± 4.6 nm. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a mean particle size of 467.33 ± 7.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.127 ± 0.022, zeta potential of + 34.8 ± 1.6 mV, % entrapment efficiency (39.45 ± 4.63%), % drug release after 12 h (94.78 ± 2.88%), and in-vitro deposition (81.49%). Results showed that the obtained powders had different aerosolization properties. The particle size of nanoparticles reduced, and the process yield, extra-fine particle fraction, geometric standard diameter, and fine particle fraction increased significantly. Stability study showed, there are no aggregation observed and stable for six month study.

Conclusion

Prepared pirfenidone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can be result of 6 months of stability studies that give details that there was no significant aggregation of PFD-loaded CS NPs and the spherical shape particle with smooth surface as per SEM studies. Hence, PFD-loaded CS NPs can be a suitable alternative to the currently available therapy.

Graphical abstract
Investigating the impact of terrorist attacks on the mental health of emergency responders: systematic review
Authors: Wesemann Ulrich , Applewhite Briana , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: June 2022

Background

Terrorist attacks have strong psychological effects on rescue workers, and there is a demand for effective and targeted interventions.

Aims

The present systematic review aims to examine the mental health outcomes of exposed emergency service personnel over time, and to identify risk and resilience factors.

Method

A literature search was carried out on PubMed and PubPsych until 27 August 2021. Only studies with a real reported incident were included. The evaluation of the study quality was based on the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and the synthesis used the ‘Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews’.

Results

Thirty-three articles including 159 621 individuals were identified, relating to five different incidents with a post-event time frame ranging from 2 weeks to 13 years. The post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence rates were between 1.3 and 16.5%, major depression rates were between 1.3 and 25.8%, and rates for specific anxiety disorders were between 0.7 and 14%. The highest prevalence rates were found after the World Trade Center attacks. Reported risk factors were gender, no emergency service training, peritraumatic dissociation, spatial proximity to the event and social isolation.

Conclusions

The inconsistency of the prevalence rates may be attributable to the different severities of the incidents. Identified risk factors could be used to optimise training for emergency personnel before and after catastrophic events. Voluntary repetitive screening of rescue workers for mental health symptoms is recommended.
Management of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in the Molecular Era: From Research to Practice
Authors: Pettit Kristen , Rezazadeh Alexandra , Atallah Ehab L. , Radich Jerald
Published: June 2022

The 1960 discovery of the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) marked the beginning of the modern genomic era of oncology. In the following years, the molecular underpinnings of CML were unraveled, culminating in the development of the first molecularly targeted therapy: imatinib. Imatinib revolutionized CML management, inducing deep molecular responses for most patients and aligning survival curves with those of age-matched control participants. Five additional tyrosine kinase inhibitors are now approved for CML: dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, ponatinib, and asciminib (approved October 2021). The 2005 discovery of JAK2 mutations in myelofibrosis (MF) sparked enthusiasm that molecularly targeted therapies could have a similar impact in that disease. Three JAK inhibitors are now available for MF: ruxolitinib, fedratinib, and pacritinib (approved February 2022). JAK inhibitors are helpful for improving symptoms and splenomegaly but still only scratch the surface of MF pathophysiology. Clinical research testing novel agents, next-generation JAK inhibitors, and combinations of JAK inhibitors plus novel agents is moving at a tremendous pace in the hope that outcomes for patients with MF may mirror those with CML one day. This review provides an update on the status of clinical care and research for MF and addresses ongoing issues related to CML management.
Phase II Randomized Study of Ramucirumab and Pembrolizumab Versus Standard of Care in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Immunotherapy—Lung-MAP S1800A
Authors: Reckamp Karen L. , Redman Mary W. , Dragnev Konstantin H. , Minichiello Katherine , Villaruz Liza C. , Faller Bryan , Al Baghdadi Tareq , Hines Susan , Everhart Leah , Highleyman Louise , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki , Neal Joel W. , Waqar Saiama N. , Patel Jyoti D. , Gray Jhanelle E. , Gandara David R. , Kelly Karen , Herbst Roy S.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a major unmet need. Combining ICI with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor inhibition has yielded promising results in multiple tumor types.

METHODS

In this randomized phase II Lung-MAP nonmatch substudy (S1800A), patients ineligible for a biomarker-matched substudy with NSCLC previously treated with ICI and platinum-based chemotherapy and progressive disease at least 84 days after initiation of ICI were randomly assigned to receive ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab (RP) or investigator's choice standard of care (SOC: docetaxel/ramucirumab, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and pemetrexed). With a goal of 130 eligible patients, the primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) using a one-sided 10% level using the better of a standard log-rank (SLR) and weighted log-rank (WLR; G[rho = 0, gamma = 1]) test. Secondary end points included objective response, duration of response, investigator-assessed progression-free survival, and toxicity.

RESULTS

Of 166 patients enrolled, 136 were eligible (69 RP; 67 SOC). OS was significantly improved with RP (hazard ratio [80% CI]: 0.69 [0.51 to 0.92]; SLR one-sided P = .05; WLR one-sided P = .15). The median (80% CI) OS was 14.5 (13.9 to 16.1) months for RP and 11.6 (9.9 to 13.0) months for SOC. OS benefit for RP was seen in most subgroups. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival (hazard ratio [80% CI]: 0.86 [0.66 to 1.14]; one-sided SLR, P = .25 and .14 for WLR) and response rates (22% RP v 28% SOC, one-sided P = .19) were similar between arms. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 42% of patients in the RP group and 60% on SOC.

CONCLUSION

This randomized phase II trial demonstrated significantly improved OS with RP compared with SOC in patients with advanced NSCLC previously treated with ICI and chemotherapy. The safety was consistent with known toxicities of both drugs. These data warrant further evaluation.
Systemic Therapy for Melanoma: ASCO Guideline Rapid Recommendation Update
Authors: Seth Rahul , Messersmith Hans , Funchain Pauline ,   for the Systemic Therapy for Melanoma Guideline Expert Panel
Published: June 2022

ASCO Rapid Recommendations Updates highlight revisions to select ASCO guideline recommendations as a response to the emergence of new and practice-changing data. The rapid updates are supported by an evidence review and follow the guideline development processes outlined in the ASCO Guideline Methodology Manual. The goal of these articles is to disseminate updated recommendations, in a timely manner, to better inform health practitioners and the public on the best available cancer care options.
Geographical Disparities and Factors Associated With the Decision to Decline Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Jabbal Iktej S. , Bilani Nadeem , Yaghi Marita , Elson Leah , Liang Hong , Nahleh Zeina A.
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:

Social determinants of health have been linked to treatment-related disparities in breast cancer. We analyzed data from a large national registry to explore factors related to accepting or declining recommended chemotherapy and whether patients' decisions vary geographically across the United States.

METHODS:

We used the National Cancer Database to study treatment decision making in patients with advanced breast cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage III-IV) between 2004 and 2017. We focused the analysis on patients who were recommended chemotherapy by their physicians but who declined this treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS:

A total of N = 215,284 patients with stage III and IV breast cancers were included. Patients in the New England region were more likely to refuse chemotherapy compared with the rest, with patients in the East South Central regions (AL, KY, MS, and TN) and West South Central (AR, LA, OK, and TX) noted to be least likely to refuse chemotherapy. Factors related to a higher rate of refusal by patients included older age > 70 years; hormone receptor–positive tumors; and having higher comorbidity. Patients identified as Hispanic, those who are privately insured, and patients at academic institutions were less likely to decline chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION:

This analysis identified a significant difference in rates of refusal of recommended chemotherapy by geographical location, insurance status, and treatment facility after adjusting for known social determinants of health. Further understanding of the factors affecting treatment decisions would be important to improve the efficacy of care delivery in patients with cancer and reduce reversible causes of disparity.
The best location selection using analytical hierarchy process method
Authors: Hakim Sulton Nur , Putra Andika Julianto
Published: June 2022

CHUUO Plain Shirt Factory is a plain shirt manufacturer founded in 2016 and is located at Kaliurang road Km 9, Yogyakarta. They not only sell plain t-shirts but also sell screen printing shirts, receive screen printing services, and orders to make collared shirts (polo). For CHUUO Plain Shirt Factory, business location has an important role in the marketing process related to reaching the customers. One method that can be used to determine the location of a new business is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study focuses on selecting the best alternative location by considering seven criteria: geography, cost, population, risk, facilities & infrastructure, availability of human resources, and developer credibility. The research method used was observation and direct interviews using a questionnaire. The result shows that alternative location A (Shop at Gejayan Road No.30) has the highest all weight evaluation value (0.45). Alternative location B (Shop at Kaliurang Road Km 4) has a value of all weight evaluation of 0.3. Alternative location C (Shop at Magelang Road Km 7) has valued all weight evaluations the lowest (0.25). Based on the analytical research conducted, it can be concluded that alternative location A (Shop at Gejayan Road No.30) is the best location to open a branch shop for CHUUO Plain Shirt Factory.
Generating bounded solutions for multi-demand multidimensional knapsack problems: a guide for operations research practitioners
Authors: Dellinger Anthony , Lu Yun , Song Myung Soon , Vasko Francis J.
Published: June 2022

A generalization of the 0-1 knapsack problem that is hard-to-solve both theoretically (NP-hard) and in practice is the multi-demand multidimensional knapsack problem (MDMKP). Solving an MDMKP can be difficult because of its conflicting knapsack and demand constraints. Approximate solution approaches provide no guarantees on solution quality. Recently, with the use of classification trees, MDMKPs were partitioned into three general categories based on their expected performance using the integer programming option of the CPLEX® software package on a standard PC: Category A—relatively easy to solve, Category B—somewhat difficult to solve, and Category C—difficult to solve. However, no solution methods were associated with these categories. The primary contribution of this article is that it demonstrates, customized to each category, how general-purpose integer programming software (CPLEX in this case) can be iteratively used to efficiently generate bounded solutions for MDMKPs. Specifically, the simple sequential increasing tolerance (SSIT) methodology will iteratively use CPLEX with loosening tolerances to efficiently generate these bounded solutions. The real strength of this approach is that the SSIT methodology is customized based on the particular category (A, B, or C) of the MDMKP instance being solved. This methodology is easy for practitioners to use because it requires no time-consuming effort of coding problem specific-algorithms. Statistical analyses will compare the SSIT results to a single-pass execution of CPLEX in terms of execution time and solution quality.
An estimation of distribution algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems
Authors: Perez-Rodriguez Ricardo
Published: June 2022

This paper considers solving more than one combinatorial problem considered some of the most difficult to solve in the combinatorial optimization field, such as the job shop scheduling problem (JSSP), the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), and the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP). A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm that integrates the Mallows model and the Moth-flame algorithm solves these problems. Through an exponential function, the Mallows model emulates the solution space distribution for the problems; meanwhile, the Moth-flame algorithm is in charge of determining how to produce the offspring by a geometric function that helps identify the new solutions. The proposed metaheuristic, called HEDAMMF (Hybrid Estimation of Distribution Algorithm with Mallows model and Moth-Flame algorithm), improves the performance of recent algorithms. Although knowing the algebra of permutations is required to understand the proposed metaheuristic, utilizing the HEDAMMF is justified because certain problems are fixed differently under different circumstances. These problems do not share the same objective function (fitness) and/or the same constraints. Therefore, it is not possible to use a single model problem. The aforementioned approach is able to outperform recent algorithms under different metrics for these three combinatorial problems. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the hybrid metaheuristics have a better performance, or equal in effectiveness than recent algorithms.
Suç Folkloru Bağlamında “Azıcık Suçlular”: Defineci Folkloru*
Authors: KALENDER Emine
Published: June 2022

“Azıcık Suçlu” Definecilik Folkloru adlı eser, Türk Halk Bilimi ve Türk Halk Edebiyatı alanında çalışmalar yürüten Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Hicran Karataş tarafından yayıma hazırlanmış ve Aralık 2021 yılında Doğu Kütüphanesi Yayınları tarafından basılmıştır.

Suç Folkloru, definecilik folkloru ve halk hukuku başlıkları altında değerlendirilebilecek eser, definecilik faaliyetini, defineciler arasında oluşan kültürü ve folkloru altmış sekiz izinsiz defineciden derlenen bilgiler doğrultusunda incelemektedir.
A Mythological Reading on the Novel "Journey to the West" and Its Inspiration in Classical Chinese Literature
Authors: AKTAŞ Şükrü
Published: June 2022

In the fifteenth century AD. during the period Ming Dynasty, which ise one of dynasties of Chinese history, written and compiled by Wu Cheng’en, the novel “Xi You Ji Journey To The West” is one of the classical chinese piece, narrates the pilgrim voyage of budist monk Xuanzang to the India. Along the way, they encounter various mythological animals, ghosts, monsters and mythical creatures. The novel "Journey to the West" is one of the four classic works of classical Chinese literature. These four classic books, including "Journey to the West", are "The Dream of Red Mansions 红楼梦", " Water Margin” or “Outlaws of the Marsh水浒传" and " Three Kingdoms三国演义." The novel describes the adventures of Xuanzang during his journey to India. In addition to this, in "Journey to the West", during Xuanzang's holy pilgrimage trip, to serve him and protect himself from all kinds of troubles, “Sun Wukong 孙悟空”, “Zhu Bajie 猪八戒”, “Sha Wujing沙悟净” and “White Dragon Horse 白龙马” accompanied him. There are many derivatives of the novel of Journey to the West in the countries neighboring the Chinese geography. Its Indian counterpart, the Ramayana, and one of the main characters, Hanuman, are an important example of this. It is also found in countries such as Korea, Japan, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Sri Lanka. In this study, the definition of the novel Journey to the West is made, its content and subject are explained, its place and importance in classical Chinese and world literature are explained.
EXAMPLES OF BEKTAŞI TARIQA ELKAB AND TITLES
Authors: ÖĞE Mustafa , TAŞ Kenan Ziya
Published: June 2022

Bektaşi tarikatına ait yazılı kaynakların Osmanlı Türkçesinden günümüz Türkçesine ve günümüz alfabesi ile çeviriyazı olarak aktarılması önem arz etmektedir. Bektaşiliğin sadece sözlü kültüre dayalı olmadığının kanıtı olarak değerlendirebileceğimiz huşulardan bir tanesi kütüphanelerde Bektaşilik hakkında değişik tarihlerde yazılmış el yazmalarıdır. Bu yazmalar içerisinde Bektaşilikle ilgili pek çok farklı konu işlenmiştir. Ayrıca Münşeat mecmualarının içerisinde de Bektaşi tarikatı ile ilgili pek çok farklı konuyu ihtiva eden yazılar bulunmaktadır. Münşeatlar konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmış olmasına rağmen münşeat mecmualarında yer alan Bektaşiliğe ait hususi hitap biçimlerini ihtiva eden mektuplar veya diğer yazışma türlerine pek dokunulmamıştır. Gerek tarihi açıdan gerekse diğer alanlarda bu mektupların içerisinde yer alan bilgilerin değerlendirilmesi yeni bilgilerin ortaya konulabilmesi açısından katkı sağlamaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu boşluğa bir katkı sağlamak ve bu alandaki boşluğun doldurulmasına ilaveler yapmak açısından İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı yazmaları içerisinde yer alan BEL_Yz_K0415 katalog numarası ile kayıtla yazma içerisinde yer alan Bektaşi tarikatına ait yazışma usullerinin yer aldığı bölüm değerlendirilmiştir.
NOTES ON WORDS BORROWED FROM ARABIC IN TUVINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: ARÇIN Salih Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Her dilin söz varlığında mevcut bulunan alıntı sözcükler dil toplulukları arasındaki çeşitli etkileşimlerin sonucudur. Dil toplulukları arasındaki dil içi veya dil dışı ilişkiler, alıcı dil ve verici dil bağlantısının kurulmasına neden olur. Alıcı ve verici dil ilişkileri bazen doğrudan iki dil arasında tesis olurken bazen de iki dilin arasında başka bir aracı dilin vasıtasıyla teşekkül etmektedir. Bu açıdan çalışmamızda, Sibirya Grubu Türk lehçelerinden Tuva Türkçesindeki Arapça alıntı sözcüklerin durumu incelenecektir. İnceleme yapılırken araştırma nesnesi olarak Tuva Türkçesindeki ESTY-I, ESTY-II, ESTY-III, ESTY-IV, TSTY-I, TSTY-II, TuvRS, TW adlı eserlerden taranan ve Arapça olduğu tespit edilen sözcükler Tuva Türkçesine doğrudan giren alıntılar veya bir ya da daha fazla aracı dil vasıtasıyla giren alıntılar olarak tahlil edilecektir. Araştırma nesnesi olarak Tuva Türkçesindeki Arapça alıntı sözcükler analiz edilip yorumlanacağından bu çalışmada tanımlayıcı nitel bir yöntem kullanılmıştır. Tarama neticesinde Tuva Türkçesinde Arapça kökenli 12 sözcük tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu sözcüklerin Tuva Türkçesine giriş şekillerinin (I) Arapça >> Moğolca (Moğol dilleri) >> Tuva Türkçesi; (II) Arapça >> Rusça >> Tuva Türkçesi; (III) Arapça >> Türk lehçeleri (?) >> Tuva Türkçesi; (V) Arapça >> ? >> Tuva Türkçesi biçiminde olduğu görüşüne ulaşılmıştır.
Random sources with rectangular coherence
Authors: Mei Zhangrong , Mao Yonghua , Wang Jixian
Published: June 2022

A convenient method for modeling partially coherent sources with rectangular coherence is introduced by structuring the degree of coherence as two separable arbitrary functions with arbitrary dependence of variables. The included examples have demonstrated new opportunities of modeling random sources for beam shaping applications by coherence modulation. The first example discusses a class of rectangular sinc-correlated models generating radiating fields with self-focusing features. As a second example, we introduce a new type of partially coherent vortex beams, which has a unique feature of self-rotation around the optical axis upon propagation.