bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Influence of Platonism on Christian Theology
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Russian Federation, Sizov Sergey
Published: July 2021

This study is devoted to outlining the influence of Platonism on Orthodox theology. Platonism, understood in a broad sense, is traditionally associated with Orthodox theology, but this connection itself remains not described sufficiently, which creates a number of difficulties. The last is represented by a scientific tendency to build historical and philosophical concepts, which do not correspond to facts, but also create such perspectives that lead to further misconceptions. This includes the idea that Platonism is more expressed in Eastern theology, and Aristotelianism in Western (or vice versa), the idea of theological disputes as conflicts of philosophical traditions, etc. The influence of the Platonic tradition was expressed in the works of many famous authors, for example, Origen, Evagrius Ponticus and Pseudo-Dionysius, but this fact still did not receive proper analysis in the scientific community. So, although all these authors adopted some of platonic conceptions - they were condemned by the Orthodox Church, then their concepts were adopted and modernized, and only then they were written in Orthodox theology. Platonism is definitely connected with Orthodox theology, but primarily because of the philosophical language and in lesser degree due to Platonic concepts. In Russian religious thought Platonism is becoming more and more popular thanks to Soloviev’s sophiology and German idealism, however, this philosophical and theological conceptions were condemned by Russian orthodox councils, remaining mostly in writings of individual philosophers and researchers. Thus, we believe that reference to “Christian Platonism” in order to explain the whole system of orthodox theology is unjustified. But, on the other hand, philosophical and theological systems (such as, for example, the philosophy of S. N. Bulgakov or Gaius Marius Victorinus) may well have this name.
Preconditions for the Imaginative Turn in Neo-Pragmatic Ethics
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Magomedova Julia
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of ethical theories that were formulated in a neo-pragmatic discourse, in particular to the study of preconditions for an imaginative transition. Since forming a new image of ethics is done by supporters of pragmatism by criticizing the rationalistic tradition, the categories that have traditionally been associated with the sphere of irrational come first, related to sensuality and aesthetics. Therefore, the effectiveness of solving moral issues in pragmatic ethics directly depends on the extent to which the resources of imagination are actively used. The author of the article offers to use the new term “imaginative transition” to fix the specifics of those ethical theories. There is a historical and comparative review in order to trace the transformation of the idea of the imagination. The author indicates the conceptual foundations of universalist ethical theory, where imagination belonged to the sphere of sensuality and had no privileged status. In formulating ethical concepts, the rationalistic tradition, which dates back to early Greek philosophy, was primarily based on gnoseology, and the main virtue was wisdom that was associated with an enlightened mind. Followers of Plato’s fundamentalism and Descartes’ objectivism treated the imagination as a derivative of blind feelings. The article has shown that the main actor in the transition from the rationalistic tradition to the romantic one, in which imagination will be interpreted as the highest form of spirit activity, was Immanuel Kant. Based on the hermeneutic analysis of the philosopher’s texts, it has been discovered that the ability to imagine is crucial to the thinking process for Kant, and knowledge is interpreted as a synthesis of sensuality and reasoning in the activities of the imagination. The author shows that Kant’s aesthetics is the result of the problem of coordinating the pure and practical mind. The author comes to the conclusion, that the adherents of pragmatism, considering the ability of imagination as having moral force, develop an idea which was first clearly formulated by Kant.
Study of cyber security of predictive control algorithms for distributed generation plants
Authors:   Bratsk State University, Russian Federation, Bulatov Yuri , Kryukov Andrey ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Russian Federation,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The power industry is currently actively developing the field related to the use of distributed generation plants located near the power receiving devices of consumers. At the same time, the introduction of distributed generation plants causes a lot of engineering problems which need solutions. One of them is the optimization of the settings of automatic voltage regulators (AVR) and speed regulators (ASR) of synchronous generators in all possible operating modes. This requires the use of complex models of power supply systems, distributed generation plants and their regulators, as well as labor-intensive calculations that take into account a large number of interrelated parameters. However, there is another approach based on the use of predictive controllers. In this case only one parameter is needed for linear predictive models.The article describes a method for constructing and tuning the proposed predictive ASR synchronous generator, as well as computer models of distributed generation plants used in research. The purpose of the research was to determine cyber security of power supply systems equipped with various distributed generation plants with predictive speed controllers that can be implemented on the basis of the microprocessor technology. The studies were carried out in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SymPowerSystems simulation packages on computer models of distributed generation plants with one turbine generator operating at a dedicated load, as well as a group of hydrogenerators connected to a high-power electric power system. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed predictive control algorithms, as well as the fact that their cyber security can be increased by introducing hardware restrictions on the range of changes in the time constant of the predictive link.
Non-verbal Communication Used by Parents to Their Children in Presence of Visitors in Ovoko
Authors: Odeh Bestman Esegbuyiota , Abugu Linda, , Eze Jacinta Ukamaka , Mamah Juliana Ginika , Eze Augustina Ngozi
Published: July 2021

This study examines the use of non-verbal communication by parents to their children in presence of visitors in Ovoko speech community, Enugu state, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are: to identify various body communication signs used by parents to their children in presence of visitors and to provide the interpretations in the speech community under study. Primary methods of data collection are adopted which is observation and interview. From the pictures gathered from the field, a total of ten (10) facial and body expressions are selected for analysis in this study. The study adopts the social semiotic theory as a theoretical framework for its analysis. The study identifies various body signs used by parents to their children. It further reveals that all expressions used by the population have meanings attached to them. The study therefore, recommends that a study of the children’s interpretation and opinion of the parents’ body expression is a worthwhile academic undertaking in other to ascertain if the right perlocutionary response to the sign is always achieved.
Ambivalence of Cosmopolitanism: A Study of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Writing
Authors: Liu Tingxuan
Published: July 2021

Although labeled as an immigrant writer, Ishiguro is not a typical one. His writing is not a repetition or successor of the diasporic literature. The various subjects and diversified locations of his works have been appropriately corresponded to his claim as “a kind of homeless writer”. He has always been locating himself in different cultures as well as engaged in a de-cultural writing, providing insights into the relationship between the subjective and the other, which shows his ambivalence dangling between different cultures. It is arguable that Ishiguro has several “deaths” before becoming a cosmopolitan. Nevertheless, the “killed” identity is inextirpable. The longing for subjectivity in his novels does not directly come from the cosmopolitan identity with whom he identified. Reading Ishiguro in the global context enables the detection of his compromise as a cosmopolitan writer constructed by a deliberate de-privileging and cultural alienation. Cosmopolitanism itself has been a paradoxical term in that its orientation points to the mutually inclusive “world” and “region”. Its implication is full of irreconcilable resistance and negotiation. The study is going to explore the ambivalence of cosmopolitanism in Ishiguro’s writing, to trace the progress of the making of the novelist as a cosmopolitan as well as embracing multiple cultures but denies clear boundaries, and to widen the scope of the discussion of globalization, localization, diasporic study, or postcolonial study.
A Study on What English Teachers Should Do in the English Classroom
Authors: Tian Lirong
Published: July 2021

It has long been taken for granted that what should be done in the English classroom largely consists of the presentation of knowledge and language practice. However, this is a questionable assumption. The learning of language knowledge and skills can take place both in and outside the classroom. Language learning taking place in the classroom should not be confined to presentation and practice. The paper argues that whatever can be achieved by students themselves outside the classroom should not be done in the class and that classroom learning should make full use of the presence of the teacher and peer students. Interactive activities are preferable whenever possible.
Antecedentes e consequentes do processo de obtenção e renovação do Certificado de Entidades Beneficentes de Assistência Social (Cebas)
Authors: Pinheiro Ian Blois , D'Angelo Marcia
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Compreender de forma holística os antecedentes e consequentes do processo de obtenção e renovação do Certificado de Entidades Beneficentes de Assistência Social (CEBAS).

 Método: Pesquisa qualitativa-quantitativa com dados primários (questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas) e secundários (documentos disponibilizados nos sites dos ministérios) analisados por meio da Templates Analysis e da estatística descritiva.

Resultados: As evidências indicam seis antecedentes (evidenciação contábil, capacitação e profissionalização das organizações do terceiro setor (OTS) e dos contadores, auditoria externa, insegurança jurídica e outras situações) e quatro consequentes (imunidade tributária, credibilidade das OTS, captação de recursos e mudança cultural) da certificação CEBAS. Também indicam as vulnerabilidades controláveis e não controláveis nos antecedentes a serem enfrentadas pelos atores sociais envolvidos com esse processo. A imunidade tributária ainda é um dos principais consequentes desse processo, ou seja, algumas OTS não valorizam essa certificação para outros benefícios, como o aumento da credibilidade e, por conseguinte, aumento da captação de recursos.

Contribuições: Para a contabilidade voltada à sustentabilidade, no tocante à formulação de políticas públicas para apoiar o fortalecimento da gestão das OTS. O estudo alerta para a perda de oportunidades de aumentar a quantidade de doadores, nos níveis individual e organizacional, expondo a miopia dessa certificação. Para ampliar a literatura sobre certificações ao propor um modelo conceitual para ser testado em futuras pesquisas quantitativas.
Repensando la nueva dinámica sociopolítica en Argentina y Brasil, 2011-2016
Authors: Natalucci Ana , Ferrero Juan Pablo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la dinámica sociopolítica durante la crisis del giro a la izquierda en Argentina y Brasil. ¿Por qué esa dinámica sociopolítica adoptó la forma de una alternancia institucional de poder en Argentina y un carácter antiinstitucional en Brasil? En el artículo se sigue una estrategia metodológica mixta: genealógica para comprender la disputa política, reconstrucción de las narrativas emergentes durante el ciclo de movilización y descriptiva para identificar las organizaciones movilizadas, sus demandas y repertorios de acción. El argumento que se sigue es que la estrategia movimentista del kirchnerismo contrastaba con la de desmovilización del Partido de los Trabajadores (PT). Mientras que la primera contribuía a canalizar los altos niveles de movilización al sistema político, la segunda fue decisiva en la crisis de un largo ciclo de representación política.
La crisis de los sistemas democráticos en Nuestra América. Una reflexión psicopolítica a propósito de los estallidos sociales
Authors: Bonilla Montenegro Julián Darío , Bonilla Montenegro Daniel Andrés
Published: July 2021

El actual sistema mundo ha presenciado diversos escenarios de confrontación desde los grupos subalternos que representan diversos modelos ideológicos frente a acciones generadas desde los centros de poder político estatal. Este artículo de reflexión busca analizar, desde una perspectiva psicopolítica, cuáles son los condicionamientos que se han impulsado, particularmente en Nuestra América, en las movilizaciones sociales contra diversas proyecciones políticas, independientes de su valoración ideológica. Se toma en cuenta el modelo del intuicionismo bergsoniano, recurriendo como criterio de análisis a los puntos convergentes que se han generado en los escenarios de protestas de la región. Se concluye que es necesario buscar alternativas para comprender los procesos de movilización y protesta social desde una perspectiva psicopolítica, así como la necesidad de reinterpretar los usos del poder en torno a estos fenómenos sociales en Nuestra América.
Review of Caryl Emerson, George Pattison and Randall A. Poole (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Xxviii + 712 р.
Authors: Mjør K.J.
Published: July 2021

The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought offers comprehensive surveys and analyses of historical periods (Rus’ and Muscovy, imperial Russia, the Soviet Union), nineteenth-century currents and figures, including authors such as Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, a broad coverage of the “Russian Religious-Philosophical Renaissance” and religiously informed art movements in Russian modernism, Russian emigre thought as well as the types of religious thought in the Soviet Union. The last part assesses the contribution of Russian religious thought to religious thinking globally and discusses the main conclusions of the volume.
What Is the Role of the Government in Wildlife Policy? Evolutionary Governance Perspective
Authors: Niedziałkowski Krzysztof , Putkowska-Smoter Renata
Published: July 2021

With the growing populations and range of large wild mammals in Europe, wildlife governance has grown in importance and provoked social conflicts, pressuring policy-makers to provide adequate policy responses. Some countries chose decentralised approaches, while others retain traditional top-down mechanisms. However, evolutionary mechanisms behind those changes and their impact on steering have attracted relatively little attention. We investigated the evolution of the governance of three wildlife species (European bison, moose, and wolf) in Poland (1945–2020) to map their existing paths and explore external and internal factors influencing steering patterns. The results suggest that despite the persistent dominance of state-centred governance and top-down hierarchical instruments characteristic for a post-socialist country, steering involved intense and often informal communication with influential actors. A growing diversity of actors and discourses in wildlife governance increased the state’s steering options and improved conservation outcomes. Concurrently, the government’s steering shifted from concrete policy results to managing tensions and interests within the field. These transformations helped to retain the effectiveness of steering in the changing context, while retaining state-dominated governance.
The Inclusiveness of Maternity Leave Rights over 120 Years and across Five Continents
Authors: Son Keonhi , Böger Tobias
Published: July 2021

Even though paid maternity leave was the earliest form of social protection specifically aimed at women workers and is fundamental in securing their economic independence vis-à-vis employers and spouses, it has received scant scholarly attention. Neither the traditional historical accounts of welfare state emergence nor the more recent gendered analyses of developed welfare states have provided comparative accounts of its beginnings and trajectories. Employing the newly created historical database of maternity leave, we provide the first global and historical perspective on paid maternity leave policies covering 157 countries from the 1880s to 2018. Focusing on eligibility rather than generosity, we construct a measure of inclusiveness of paid maternity leaves to highlight how paid maternity leave has shaped not only gender but also social inequality, which has, until recently, largely been ignored by the literature on leave policies. The analyses of coverage expansion by sector and the development of eligibility rules reveal how paid maternity leave has historically stratified women workers by occupation and labor market position but is slowly evolving into a more universal social right across a broad range of countries. Potential drivers for this development are identified using multivariate analysis, suggesting a pivotal role for the political empowerment of women in the struggle for gender and social equality. However, the prevalence of informal labor combined with insufficient or non-existing maternity benefits outside the systems of social insurance still poses significant obstacles to the protection of women workers in some countries.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE TENDENCIES IN THE USE OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: ALTINPULLUK Hakan , KESIM Mehmet
Published: July 2021

In this study, 59 SSCI-indexed articles published between 2012 and 2017 in the Web of Science database were analyzed by systematic review, identified by the keywords “Learning Management Systems / LMS” in their titles. This study aims to determine the current situation and future trends in using LMSs as one of the tools that are getting increasingly popular both in blended and online environments. Accordingly, our study has revealed that the highest number of the articles were published in 2016, Moodle is the most popular LMS, the open-source LMSs are preferred over other types, LMSs are most often used to measure success, South Korea and the United States (US) are the pioneering countries in this field, the quantitative method and questionnaire tool are the preferred methodological approaches in the LMS scientific research, students are more likely to be selected as a sample group, with the 0-100 range as the most common sample size, and that the technology acceptance model (TAM) is the most frequently used model. The findings are visualized with tables, graphs and maps. The study is concluded with some suggestions for researchers and higher education institutions.
On the Date of the Great Shigir Idol
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chairkina N. M.
Published: July 2021

Шигирский идол является самой большой деревянной антропоморфной скульптурой в мире, уникальным произведением искусства каменного века, ценнейшим источником для реконструкции материальной культуры и мировоззренческих представлений древнего населения Северной Евразии. История его изучения насчитывает более 100 лет, однако ряд вопросов – место и условия обнаружения, время создания, варианты экспонирования и др. — остаются дискуссионными. В статье проанализированы архивные документы, содержащие информацию о месте и времени обнаружения Большого Шигирского идола, характере сопровождающего материала, результаты его комплексного исследования, проведенного археологами и специалистами в области естественных наук России и Германии в 2014 г. Внимание сосредоточено на анализе радиоуглеродных AMS-дат, диапазон которых от конца плейстоцена (ок. 10 500 кал. лет до н.э.) до позднего мезолита — раннего неолита (ок. 6 000 кал. лет до н.э.). Они существенно различаются между собой и с датами, полученными традиционным радиоуглеродным методом в 1997 г. Палеогеографические и археологические данные по Зауралью пока не подтверждают столь раннее время — от 9 600 до 9 000 кал. лет до н.э. — создания Шигирского идола, а скорее соответствуют более поздним AMS-датам, полученным в 2014 г. Поэтому необходимо продолжить исследование мезолитических памятников и палеоклимата региона, изучение характера первичных процессов торфообразования на уральских водоемах, уточнить их возраст, датировать микроостатки торфа в трещинах первой генерации идола и др.
The Emergence and Formation of a Proto-Urban Civilization in Azerbaijan: Certain Issues in the Transition to Class Society
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Jafarov H. F.
Published: July 2021

В статье освещаются некоторые актуальные вопросы, связанные с раннегородской культурой. Сложность проблемы заключается в отсутствии ранних письменных источников. Поэтому для освещения темы привлечены археологические материалы. Особое внимание уделено возникновению зачатков ранних поселений городского типа, истокам протогородской культуры. На ряде памятников бронзового века в Азербайджане зафиксированы признаки начальной стадии раннегородской цивилизации. Выявленные факты позволили выдвинуть гипотезы о причине и предпосылках формирования раннегородских центров — предвестников первых классовых обществ. Выделены основные критерии поселений раннегородского типа: их площадь и структура, наличие оборонительных сооружений, численность и плотность населения. Прослеживается уровень развития ремесленного производства в этих поселениях и ряд других аспектов. Впервые обосновывается тезис о том, что почти все главные культурные ценности, характерные для передовых центров Древнего Востока, были заимствованы населением Южного Кавказа. В рамках изучаемой темы рассмотрены величественные курганные памятники позднего бронзового века Карабаха. Идея связи элитных погребений с раннегородскими центрами основана на том, что только могущественные главы крупных племенных союзов и ранних классовых обществ могли претендовать на такие грандиозные погребальные сооружения.
Pottery from the Barsov Gorodok III/6 Early Iron Age Fortified Settlement in the Surgut Stretch of the Ob: A Technological Analysis
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Selin D. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chemyakin Y. P. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Mylnikova L. N. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматриваются результаты технико-технологического исследования керамики кулайской культуры с памятника Барсов городок III/6 (урочище Барсова гора, правый берег р. Оби, Ханты-Мансийский а.о. Тюменской обл.). Представлены характеристика городища, описание стратиграфических отложений, планиграфии и устройства жилищ. Проведены бинокулярная микроскопия имеющихся на свежих поперечных и продольных изломах фрагментов сосудов следов-признаков и их последующее сравнение с таковыми экспериментальной коллекции. Изучение образцов 50 изделий показало, что консервативная тенденция характерна для субстратных навыков труда гончаров. Это проявилось в использовании однообразного исходного пластичного сырья, которое добывалось в пределах одного района, вблизи водоемов, а также приемов конструирования начина по донно-емкостной или, возможно, емкостно-донной программе наращивания лент по кольцевой траектории. Полое тело сосудов создавалось при помощи лент с боковым их наложением. Вариативны приспособительные навыки. Выявлены четыре смешанных рецепта формовочных масс, которые составляют 1/5 часть от общего количества зафиксированных рецептов: глина + дресва + шамот; глина + дресва + жидкая органика; глина + шамот + песок; глина + дресва + песок; и два несмешанных: глина + дресва; глина + шамот. Неустойчива механическая обработка поверхности: выделены 16 вариантов технологических приемов и их сочетаний. Гончарная технология отражает разнообразные приемы изготовления посуды на разных ступенях производства. Наличие однокомпонентных рецептов свидетельствует о проживании на поселении групп мастеров, которые придерживались разных гончарных традиций. Посуда, изготовленная на основе смешанных рецептов, позволяет сделать вывод о смешении гончарных традиций. Их носителями могли быть как монокультурные, так и разнокультурные группы гончаров с отличными друг от друга приемами и навыками изготовления посуды.
The Tiger-Dog and its Semantics in the Nanai Shamanic Sculpture: Cultural and Cognitive Aspects
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Maltseva O. V.
Published: July 2021

Статья посвящена феномену нанайского шаманского комплекта, совмещающего два образа — собаки и тигра. Шаманская скульптура нанайцев рассматривается как явление, в котором получила отражение субъективная и объективная реальность, сконструированная носителями традиционной культуры. Для выявления значимости одомашненного животного и хищника в жизни нижнеамурского сообщества проведены культурные параллели с народами Сибири и тихоокеанского побережья. С привлечением фольклорного и лексического материала, результатов полевых исследований, аналитических данных этнографов воссозданы образы собаки и тигра в культурах местных народов. Рассмотрение проблемы в контексте коллективного опыта познания мира позволило выявить архетипический и модифицированные пласты в конструировании образов. Типичным для всех народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока являлось восприятие собаки как транспортного средства, помощника, ритуальной жертвы, проводника в загробный мир. Образ этого животного, воплощенный в нанайской шаманской скульптуре, ассоциировался с усилением воздействия духа. В шаманской иконографии нанайцев сакральная ипостась собаки чаще выступала в связке с образом тигра, олицетворявшим шаманскую силу и первопредков. Результаты анализа «тигриной» терминологии указывают на южные корни культа хищника в нанайской среде. Установлено, что сим-волически-знаковое наполнение ритуальных скульптур нанайцев сформировалось в результате соприкосновения культурных пластов тунгусского, палеоазиатского и маньчжурского (китайского) происхождения. Практическая значимость фигур состояла в их использовании шаманом в качестве не только помощников при «поимке» и «заключении» духов, но и «языка общения» с представителями духовного мира.
The First Settlers of Novosibirsk: The Demographic Structure of Krivoshchekovo, Western Siberia, in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chikisheva T. A. , Salnikova I. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2021

Проведены половозрастные определения палеоантропологической серии с кладбища XVIII- первой половины XIX в., относящегося к с. Кривощекову и окрестным деревням, которые в середине 1790-х гг. были выделены в Кривощеков-скую волость. В исторической литературе эта территория получила название Кривощековское Приобье. Основатели села являются переселенцами из европейских регионов Российского государства. Изучены архивные материалы по естественному движению кривощековского населения. Построены таблицы смертности, рассчитаны процентные соотношения разных возрастных групп и средний возраст смерти взрослого населения. Ограничение набора палеодемогра-фических показателей обусловлено тем, что реальная кривощековская популяция не была стационарной. Результаты палеодемографического анализа сопоставлены со сведениями из двух архивных источников — исповедальных и метрических книг Николаевской церкви, где зафиксированы акты гражданского состояния (рождения, браки, смерти) за период с 1763 по 1841 г. Сравнительный материал относится к русскому старожильческому и местному татарскому населению Омского Прииртышья XVII-XIX вв. Половозрастные определения остеологического материала получены для 462 индивидов, что составляет треть от числа умерших в 1763-1841 гг., т.е. за время активного использования кладбища. Выявленный уровень детской смертности ниже, чем у старожилов и переселенцев, а также аборигенного населения на среднем Иртыше. Наиболее уязвимым контингентом в кривощековской популяции были молодые женщины и дети 1-4 лет. Результат, полученный по палеоантропологическим данным, совпадает с выявленной по архивным материалам ситуацией в реальной популяции.
Features of Life and Well-Being in Medical Students During Distance Learning in the Course of the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Potapova E.A. , Zemlyanoy D.A. , Kondratyev G.V.
Published: July 2021

The study examines certain aspects of the physiological and mental states of students caused by the conditions of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the need to study remotely. 189 respondents (84.6% female, 15.4% male) aged 17 to 27 years were interviewed. The data was collected remotely (using a Google form) between November and December 2020. The following methods were used: the author’s questionnaire aimed at evaluating the regime moments, eating habits and physical activity of students, as well as their academic load; the questionnaire “Well-Being, Activity, Mood”; the Beck Depression Inventory; the Spielberger-Hanin anxiety scale. The results showed that in the conditions of distance learning, the lifestyle of a significant proportion of students is characterized by pronounced deviations from the recommended values. Sleep deprivation, an unbalanced diet, a decrease in physical activity — all this, along with a pronounced academic load of medical students, leads to a deterioration in their functional state. A close relationship between the physical and emotional well-being of students was revealed. At the same time, the main predictors of physical well-being are regular physical activity and commitment to a healthy life- style, while emotional well-being is largely determined by the personal characteristics of students and the ability to adapt to a new learning regime.
Factors Impacting the Behavioural Intention to Use E- learning at Higher Education amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: UTAUT2 Model
Authors: Raman A. , Thannimalai R.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavioral intention of higher education students to use e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Not many re- searchers have utilized the UTAUT2 model to study the use of technology during this pandemic in the education setting. Therefore, snowball sampling was carried out and the research population consisted of higher education students (n = 159) who have been using e-learning platforms during the ongoing pandemic. The data was collected using a questionnaire based on the adapted UTAUT2 model. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for statistical analysis. Social Influence and Habit significantly influenced Behavioral Intention to use e-learning. However, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation and Price Value did not have any influence. Habit was found to be the strongest predictor for Behavioral Intention. The findings of this study will guide higher educations to consider the factors for effective implementation of e-learning in an academic setting and provide directions for future research.
The Finnish Education as an Individualized Service System with a Reference to Students with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Hautamäki J. , Podolskiy A.I.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with some educational aspects of going to school in Finland concerning students with special educational needs/services. We proceed from empirical observation. Then, the general context is given to interpret the data and extend the observed added value of individualized educational support. The latter, in its turn, requires the identification of a special need and the existence of suitable educational options. These two pieces of information need to match optimally: early birds get the biggest harvest, and even if special education is never too late, the service needs become more challenging and the solutions — more expensive. The core of this complicated dual process is the decision making with more or less complete information of both the needs and the available palette of educational actions. The fundamental dilemma is to navigate between two poles: if a pupil is left out by such educational measures which could have helped him/her to become a full member of society and economy, we have a moral problem. If the economical-educational complex is not providing the best research-supported educational tools, we also have a pedagogical problem. However, it is not universally proved that full integration is the best way; neither is it proved that we need an entire set of segregated and specialized schools for several different kinds of special needs.
The nature of damage to the structure of the spine and spinal cord in combined blunt trauma
Authors: Indiaminov Sayit Indiaminovich , Pardaev Saidkosim Norkulovich , Ismailov Ravshonbek Alimbaevich
Published: July 2021

Background. Vertebral-spinal injuries (VSIs) account for 6.326% of skeletal injuries. However, despite the relevance of VSIs in all branches of medicine, the forensic aspects of this injury are insufficiently assessed. Material and methods. The study included three groups: people who died following multiple injuries from falling from a height (82 cases); those who died following collision with moving cars (172 cases); and drivers of passenger cars who died in road accidents (61 cases). Results. The article describes in detail the results of the analysis. As part of combined injury during falls, VSI was observed in 41.5% of cases with lesions of other body parts and often covering 2 or more parts of the spine, and in terms of localization, most often in the lower neck, upper chest, and lumbar regions. Compression fractures were often noted, which resulted from falls on the legs and buttocks. In pedestrians who were injured in collisions with cars, VSI was noted in 25% cases; of these, most cases involved distraction and rotational fractures of the vertebral bodies, with detachments at the level of vertebral fractures prevailing primarily with mainly trauma of the posterior processes. Injuries to the spine structure often included cervical -occipital trauma and damage to the cervical region, as well as combined injuries to the cervical-thoracic regions; VSI in affected drivers was noted in 14.5% cases and was characterized by cervical-occipital trauma as well as lesions of the cervical, upper thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. Сonclusion: The revealed nature of damage to the noted structures should be taken into account in the process of forensic medical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of blunt injuries, especially in conditions of non-obviousness of the circumstances of the damage. The nature, volume and localization of injuries arising from these types of blunt mechanical trauma can be important in the process of organizing and providing medical care to victims at various stages of treatment, and information on the circumstances of the origin of injuries can become the basis for developing preventive measures to prevent injuries.
Extremal bounds on thePvelocity in the Earth's core
Authors: Johnson Lane R. , Lee Richard C.
Published: July 2021

Global travel-time data from the ISC Bulletin were used to determine the function τ(p) for core phases. Estimates were obtained for the AB, BC, DE, and EF branches of the PKP phase and also for the SKS and SKKS phases. The data were all analyzed in a uniform manner to yield 31 estimates of τ(p) and its uncertainty at the 99.9 per cent confidence level in a range of p which covers most of the core. The effects of the mantle were removed with the PREM velocity models.

The extremal bounds on the P velocity in the core were estimated at the joint confidence level of 97 per cent. The average width of the velocity bounds is about 0.6 km/sec, with the major source of uncertainty coming from the SKS and SKKS data. The outer core-inner core transition zone is well constrained, and the results favor a simple fairly abrupt increase in velocity.
Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology
Authors: Shedlock Kaye M. , Roecker Steven W.
Published: July 2021

An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations are far (i.e., several focal depths) from a group of events. This iterative scheme locates earthquakes relative to a master event and performs an inversion for in situ velocity using a generalized inverseleast squares estimation procedure. Direct arrivals, when available, may be included to stabilize the inversion and increase the accuracy of the event locations. We tested this scheme on artificial data contaminated by random and systematic arrival time errors, gaps in azimuthal coverage, and inaccuracies in the assumed velocity model. As usual, depth is the least well-resolved hypocenter coordinate, but this scheme yielded accurate locations of most events while converging to the correct velocity model.
Induced seismicity at the LG3 reservoir, James Bay, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Anglin F. M. , Buchbinder G. G. R.
Published: July 2021

The filling of the second reservoir, LG3, in the James Bay hydroelectric development has resulted in a number of small induced earthquakes up to magnitude 3.7. The activity has occurred in two main areas, one of which can be associated with the previously mapped LG3 fault and the other with the intersection of two dominant regional structures. The significant induced activity started 7 months after filling commenced, when the water depth had reached 64 m, and continued for another 11 months. After a lull of about 6 months, a short burst of events, much more energetic than that during filling, occurred probably on the LG3 fault after a 2 m lowering of the water level. A further episode of seismicity occurred in the spring of 1984, also during the lowering of the water level. Based on the data available, it is suggested that postfilling seismicity permits one to isolate two classes of reservoirs from the general population of reservoirs, those with seismicity associated with refilling and those with seismicity associated with lowering water levels. LG3 belongs to the latter class where seismicity recurrs during lowering of a few meters of water.
The Popayán, Colombia, earthquake of 31 March 1983
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna , Hashizume Michio
Published: July 2021

The Popayán earthquake of 1983 was a highly destructive, high mortality event (mb = 5.5). It was probably caused by the rupture of the Pubenza fault, a NNW-trending feature mapped on the basis of cracks in pavements and breaks in underground water pipes. Significant damage to modern construction was confined to an area within 1 km of the fault trace in the urban area. Near-field observations of upthrow and other effects suggest that the earthquake featured a high-amplitude pulse of the order of 1 g in the vicinity of the fault trace. Losses were of the order of $500 million.
Magnitude and seismic moment scales in western Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China
Authors: Bakun W. H. , Yizheng Li , Fischer F. G. , Yafu Jin
Published: July 2021

Seismograms and accelerograms from 77 earthquakes in 1982 to 1984 near the northwest end of the Red River fault in western Yunnan Province, Peoples Republic of China, have been used to calculate seismic moment, M0, and local magnitude, ML, using techniques established in California. For 112 ≲ ML ≲ 312, log M0 = 16.97 + (1.17 ± 0.05)ML, consistent with the log M0 − ML relation appropriate for central California. A comparison of these ML values and the coda duration magnitudes M and S-wave amplitude magnitudes M˜ assigned by the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province suggests that M and M˜ values are generally larger than the ML values. For 1.7 ≦ M ≦ 5.3, ML = 0.49 + (0.67 ± 0.04) M and log M0 = 17.30 + (0.86 ± 0.04) M. For 2.0 ≦ M˜ ≦ 5.4, ML = 0.24 + (0.76 ± 0.05)M˜ and log M0 = 17.06 + (0.95 ± 0.05)M˜.
The validity of ray theory approximations for the computation of teleseismicSVwaves
Authors: Langston Charles A. , Baag Chang-Eob
Published: July 2021

Teleseismic SV waves have been generally ignored in wave propagation and source studies because of known complications in wave propagation for structure near the source and near the receiver. The validity of common optic ray and WKBJ seismogram methods for computing SV synthetic seismograms is examined by computing synthetic seismograms using these techniques and comparing them to SV synthetics produced from a wavenumber integration technique. Both ray methods give a poor approximation to the wave propagation for distances less than 60°. Diffracted Sp and the SPL wave interfere with near-source phases, such as S, pS, and sS for a shallow seismic source, producing anomalously high amplitudes and complex waveforms in agreement with observational experience. Because of the Moho Sp and diffracted Sp phases, the vertical component of motion shows greater distortion, relative to the ray theory result, than does the radial component of motion. Ray theory appears to be appropriate for the initial 20 sec of the SV wave train from a shallow source for ranges greater than 60°. SV waves from deep sources are less affected by diffracted Sp and SPL than SV from shallow sources.
Evidence of tectonic release in long-periodSwaves from underground nuclear explosions at the Novaya Zemlya test sites
Authors: Burger R. W. , Lay T. , Wallace Terry C. , Burdick L. J.
Published: July 2021

Evidence of tectonic release produced by underground nuclear explosions at Novaya Zemlya is present in teleseismic, long-period S waves. SH waveforms from representative events at the Southern and Northern Novaya Zemlya test sites were modeled to determine the SH radiation patterns. Long-period P and SV waves were also investigated to further constrain the equivalent double-couple orientation of the tectonic release. Events within each test site have similar faulting mechanisms, but there are definite differences in the tectonic release orientation between the two sites. The southern test site double-couple orientation is either vertical strike slip or 45°-dipping thrust, while the northern test site has an oblique-normal dip slip orientation. The limited resolution of SH signals and complexity of the observed SV waveforms, along with uncertainties in the absolute explosion source strengths and t*, prevent unique solutions for both test sites. Assuming a strike slip orientation, the 27 October 1973 Southern Novaya Zemlya event has the largest tectonic release moment (1.6 × 1024 dyne-cm) and 14 October 1969 northern event has the smallest moment (0.9 × 1023 dyne-cm) of the 12 events studied. The ratio of tectonic release moment to explosion strength varies by as much as a factor of 3 at the northern test site and by a factor of 2 at the southern site. The variability of the tectonic release orientation and strength at the two test sites allows us to address the question of whether tectonic release affects yield estimation.
Prediction of strong ground motion in the Puget Sound region: The 1965 Seattle earthquake
Authors: Ihnen S. M. , Hadley D. M.
Published: July 2021

Spatial variations in strong ground motion in the 1965 Seattle, Washington, earthquake (MS = 6.5) can be accurately reproduced using three-dimensional ray tracing techniques. Synthetic accelerograms calculated at nearly 1600 receivers spread over the Puget Sound region indicate that peak ground accelerations are significantly affected by subsurface structure as well as by near-receiver soil properties. The large synthetic accelerations computed for the Harbor Island/downtown Seattle area appear to be due to subsurface focusing of rays within a deep sedimentary basin and are consistent with the observed isoseismal distribution. In extreme circumstances, such as a bedrock site adjacent to a site situated upon a soft sedimentary lens, peak accelerations may vary by nearly an order of magnitude. Predicted values of peak ground acceleration as a function of distance reproduce both the trend and scatter in data from subduction zone earthquakes of comparable depth in Japan.
A seismic zone on the Oregon-Idaho border: The powder river earthquakes of 1984
Authors: Zollweg J. E. , Jacobson R. S.
Published: July 2021

Two magnitude 3.8 earthquakes occurred south of the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern Oregon in August and September 1984. Locations of 15 aftershocks recorded on portable seismographs cluster around the Oregon-Idaho border near the mouth of the Powder River. A composite fault-plane solution indicates normal faulting on planes striking north or north-northwest, consistent with stresses observed in the Basin and Range Province to the east. The record of historical earthquakes in the region suggests periodicity with intervals of 11 to 21 yr between cycles of events consisting of several main shocks within a 3-yr time span. A magnitude 3.6 earthquake on 29 September 1981 may have begun the present cycle.
Lgmagnitudes of selected East Kazakhstan underground explosions
Authors: Nuttli Otto W.
Published: July 2021

The amplitude of 1-sec period Lg waves, as recorded on seismograms of WWSSN stations in southern Asia and Scandinavia, are used to determine mb(Lg) values for 62 underground nuclear explosions in the eastern portion of the East Kazakhstan Test Site. The explosions were selected to be of mb(P) = 5.5 or greater in the period 1965 to 1985.

The yields of the explosions are estimated, assuming that a Nevada Test Site-derived relation between mb(Lg) and yield for water-saturated rock is also applicable to the East Kazakhstan Test Site. Assuming that lateral variations in crustal structure and in depth of emplacement of the explosion do not affect mb(Lg) values, the Lg data indicate that the mb(P) bias between the Nevada Test Site and East Kazakhstan is 0.35 magnitude units.