bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of personalised versus standard dosing of linezolid in patients with sepsis (SePkLin): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised, controlled and superiority clinical trial protocol
Authors: Bandín-Vilar Enrique , Estany-Gestal Ana , Cabaleiro Teresa , Rial-Pensado Eva , Castro-Balado Ana , Varela-Rey Iria , Mondelo-García Cristina , Cajade-Pascual Francisco , Rodríguez-Jato María Teresa , Zarra-Ferro Irene , Rey-Rilo María Teresa , Arca-Suárez Jorge , Albiñana-Pérez María Sandra , Rascado-Sedes Pedro , Pose-Reino Antonio , Valdés Luis , Taboada-Muñiz Manuel , Barbeito-Castiñeiras Gema , Mena de Cea Álvaro , Alemparte-Pardavila Enrique , Fernández-Ferreiro Anxo , Study Group SePkLin
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Linezolid is a broadly used antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid concentrations is recommended to maximise its efficacy and safety, mainly haematological toxicity. Different pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets have been proposed to improve linezolid exposure: the ratio of the area under the concentration–time curve during a 24-hour period to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 80 and 120; percentage of time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC during a dosing interval greater than 85% and the trough concentration between 2 and 7 mg/L. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy and the clinical and economic utility of personalised dosing of linezolid using Bayesian forecasting methods to attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets, known as model-informed precision dosing.

Methods and analysis

This is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised, parallel, controlled, phase IV and low intervention trial. Participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to each group (n=346 per group). Control group will receive the standard dose of linezolid. Intervention group will receive personalised dosage of linezolid based on pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic adjustments. The primary outcome will be the incidence of thrombocytopenia in both groups.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Investigation with Medicines of Galicia (code 2022/140) and authorised by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices. The trial is implemented in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the international ethical and scientific quality standard, the Good Clinical Practice. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

EudraCT registration code: 2022-000144-30.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards chemotherapy-related neutropenia and febrile neutropenia among breast cancer patients
Authors: Chen Yilin , Zhou Huanhao , Jiang Junzhen
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards chemotherapy-related neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) among breast cancer patients. The major hypothesis was that demographic characteristics influence patients’ KAP regarding chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN.

Design

A multi-centre cross-sectional study.

Setting

Conducted in four secondary care hospitals between April and June 2023.

Participants

The study enrolled 246 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Participants were aged 18 years or older, currently on chemotherapy and willing to complete the questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included significant cognitive impairments.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome measures were KAP scores regarding chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with adequate knowledge and positive attitudes.

Results

A total of 246 patients completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 12.46±6.21 (range: 0–26), and the mean attitude score was 30.00±2.58 (range: 7–35). Less than half of the patients (45.95%) knew whether their chemotherapy protocol was high risk for FN, while 79.67% were aware of the need for prophylactic administration of leukocyte-raising agents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that having a junior college education or higher was significantly associated with knowledge scores (OR=4.69, 95% CI 2.23 to 9.89, p<0.001). Living in urban areas was associated with attitude scores (OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.97, p=0.037). Structural equation modelling analysis indicated that experience with chemotherapy-related neutropenia or FN influenced knowledge to some degree (β=1.77, p=0.029).

Conclusions

The study found inadequate knowledge, a positive attitude and suboptimal practice towards chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Tailored education programmes are needed to improve KAP in this patient population. Further research should explore additional demographic and psychosocial factors influencing KAP to develop comprehensive educational interventions.
Community breast pain clinics can provide safe, quality care for women presenting with breast pain
Authors: Sibbering Mark , Rogers Veronica , Merriman Louise , Azmy Iman , Stafford Denise , Clifton Kevin , Pickard Jennifer , Bartholomeuz Thilan , Robertson John
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Breast pain is not typically a symptom of breast cancer, yet nationally 20% of 2-week wait (2WW) breast referrals are breast pain alone. The East Midlands Breast Pain Pathway improves patient experience and frees capacity in secondary care diagnostic breast clinics, managing women with breast pain only in a community setting. We report the results of implementation of community breast pain clinics (CBPCs) at sites in Derbyshire (catchment population ~1 million), with 12 months follow-up data.

Results

1036 patients were seen at CBPCs between June 2021 and February 2023. The median patient age was 49 (range 16–88) years. 993 patients (95.8%) were discharged from the clinic with breast pain management advice. 43 (4.2%) patients were referred for further assessment at a 2WW breast diagnostic clinic. Objective family history risk assessment identified 124 patients (12.3%) above population risk of breast cancer, who were offered referral to familial cancer services for ongoing management.

Discussion

Seven patients were diagnosed with breast cancer at or within 12 months of CBPC attendance. Five patients were diagnosed through attending the CBPC, one patient was subsequently referred to 2WW clinic with a new symptom and had a mammographically occult tumour and one was diagnosed following a subsequent routine breast screening invitation. Two of the five patients had a personal history of breast cancer which was a stated exclusion criterion for the CBPC. Breast cancer incidence in women with breast pain only and fulfilling CBPC referral criteria was 4.8/1000, confirming that this population is at low risk of developing breast cancer.

Patient service satisfaction was high with 99% (n=1022) ‘extremely likely or likely’ to recommend the service.

Conclusion

The results confirm the pathway is the first to demonstrate women can be safely managed with breast pain alone in a community setting with high levels of patient satisfaction.
Frequency and mechanism of injury for unintentional paediatric femoral fractures associated with consumer products over a 10-year period in the USA
Authors: Peace Andrew , Dandamudi Siddartha , Ozdemir Sevil , Ostrander James , Atkinson Theresa
Published: October 2024

Background

Femoral shaft fractures tend to be rare among children; however, these injuries are the most common major paediatric injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to characterise the demographics and mechanisms of femoral injury associated with consumer products in the age group treated with spica casting, children 6 months to 6 years, to identify areas for injury prevention.

Methods

Data from 2012 to 2021 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System maintained by the Consumer Products Safety Commission, documenting emergency department visits for unintentional injuries associated with consumer products. Narrative descriptions were analysed to identify common factors in the injury events such as location, products and mechanisms of action.

Results

From 2012 to 2021, the estimated incidence of femur fractures was 23.5 cases per 100 000 children with no significant difference in yearly frequency. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall with the most frequent fracture sources being bed/bunk beds (16.1%), floor (slips/falls, 9.7%) and trampolines (9.7%). Most fractures occurred at the patient’s home (58.4%). The incidence of injury outside of the home and frequency of fractures involving play structures/trampolines increased with age.

Conclusions

The incidence and demographic characteristics of paediatric femur fractures associated with consumer products have remained consistent over the past 10 years. As home was the most common location of fracture, prevention of femur fractures should focus on caregiver education around high-risk sources of fracture (bed, stairs and trampolines) and manufacturers should consider design alternatives that discourage potential misuse.
System-level interventions for fall risk assessment, fall prevention and fall injury prevention in long-term care facilities: a scoping review
Authors: Wi Dahee , Ustach Andrew , Jung Wonkyung , Lim Sungwon , Thompson Hilaire J
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are at high risk for falls. Interventions to prevent falls and fall-related injury in this population may be individual-level or system-focused interventions. However, relatively little attention has been given to research on system-focused interventions. This scoping review seeks to synthesise previous studies on the effects of system-focused interventions for fall prevention in LTCFs.

Methods

We searched Ovid-Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases from 2007 to 2024 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews. We conducted a narrative synthesis to summarise findings from the included studies.

Results

In the initial search, 403 studies were identified and underwent title and abstract screening resulting in 116 articles retrieved for full-text review. 20 studies were included in the final data extraction. System-level fall prevention interventions evaluated in LTCFs include (1) multicomponent and multidisciplinary programmes, (2) environmental adaptations, (3) technological adaptations, and (4) staff education and training programmes. 11 out of 17 included quantitative studies reported significant effects of system-focused interventions to reduce falls in LTCFs.

Conclusions

This scoping review reveals the effectiveness of system-level fall prevention strategies in LTCFs. Enhancing training, customising tools and fostering a supportive leadership culture are vital for improving fall prevention practices in LTCFs.
Evaluating the financial case for investing in, or divesting from, tobacco investments
Authors: Evans Timothy , Sayed Ayesha , Van Walbeek Corné
Published: October 2024

Background

Tobacco Free Portfolios urges institutions to pledge against investing in, and to withhold financial services from, tobacco companies. Their goal is to create a ‘tobacco-free world’. They argue that without financial and investor support, these companies’ operations will become less sustainable.

Objective

To assess the financial rationale for investing in, or divesting from, tobacco companies.

Methods

Using data sourced from Bloomberg from 2008 to 2023, we evaluate historical sales volumes, real revenue, real gross profit per cigarette, stock performance and price-to-earnings trends for nine leading listed global tobacco companies.

Results

Cigarette sales volumes have steadily declined from 2008 to 2023. Despite efforts to diversify towards novel products, revenues from these products remain small, and cigarettes remain the primary revenue source. Excluding inorganic growth, six of the nine companies experienced real revenue declines from 2008 to 2023. Since 2016, many companies experienced declines in real gross profit per cigarette, indicating that they find it increasingly difficult to offset reduced cigarette sales through net-of-tax price increases. Since 2016, all nine tobacco companies’ stocks have substantially underperformed the market. This stands in contrast to the 2008–2016 period, during which all nine companies’ stocks substantially outperformed the market.

Conclusions

Tobacco companies have experienced deteriorating financial performance since 2016, amidst ever-escalating regulation. It remains unclear whether the growth in novel products will be rapid enough to mitigate the decline in cigarette sales. This uncertainty poses heightened risks for investors, and there is a real possibility of continued poor stock performance.
Realization of an arbitrary structure of perfect distinguishability of states in general probability theory
Authors: Weiner Mihály
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be states of a general probability theory, and [Formula: see text] be the set of all subsets of indices [Formula: see text] such that the states [Formula: see text] are jointly (perfectly) distinguishable. All subsets with a single element are of course in [Formula: see text], and since smaller collections are easier to distinguish, if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] then [Formula: see text]; in other words, [Formula: see text] is a so-called independence system on the set of indices [Formula: see text]. In this paper, it is shown that every independence system on [Formula: see text] can be realized in the above manner.
Calculation and Comparative Analysis of Common Fault Scores for Secure Computers Based on Embedded Neural Networks
Authors: Ma Yonghui
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of computer networks and information technology, government departments, financial institutions, and enterprises are increasingly dependent on software, and software security issues have become a focus of attention. In this context, how to effectively evaluate the security of software has become an important issue for research institutions both domestically and internationally. On the basis of exploring software definition, this paper not only analyzes the security and potential threats of software in computer networks, but also introduces Embedded Neural Networks (ENNs) as an evaluation tool, and combines Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to deeply explore a new method for software security risk assessment. By utilizing the powerful pattern recognition capability of ENNs, software logs, system call sequences, and other data can be classified and analyzed to distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior. This ability is crucial for identifying security incidents such as malicious software and unauthorized access. ENNs are designed with resource constraints in mind, which can reduce energy consumption while ensuring performance. For software systems that require long-term operation, this means higher security and stability. Practice has proven that combining ENNs with FAHP can more scientifically and effectively evaluate software security. This method not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of evaluation, but also provides a more solid theoretical foundation and technical support for software security protection.
Application and Effect of Computer-Aided Design in Table Tennis Training
Authors: Liu Yuzhong
Published: October 2024

The application of computer technology in the field of sports training is more and more extensive. This paper discusses the application and effect of computer-aided design in table tennis training. More and more automatic control systems which rely on digital model control appear in people’s lives. There is also a lack of introduction of automatic control systems for the training of table tennis players to improve their training efficiency and reaction ability. Therefore, based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, a genetic algorithm is integrated. According to the patting and kicking action of the automatic control system and the camera imaging device, the feature points in the motion process are divided. Based on an artificial intelligence algorithm, feature points are taken as initial values. Through testing, the matrix orthogonality of motion attitude is determined. The influence of computer-aided design on the training effect of table tennis was analyzed. Finally, we will summarize the advantages of computer-aided design in table tennis training and its future development direction.
A CVaR-based Programming for Support Vector Machine with Uncertain Information
Authors: Du Jiakang , Wang Yiju , Shao Yuanhai
Published: October 2024

For the parallel support vector machine problem with uncertain information on the observation, by characterizing the violation of the positive class training data to the “upper” support hyperplane and that of the negative class training data to the “lower” support hyperplane via the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), we establish a CVaR-based optimization model. For the model, we first show that it is a good convex approximation to the basic chance-constrained optimization model for the problem, then with the help of Lagrange duality theory, we transform it into a deterministic semi-definite programming (SDP) which can be numerically solved by the state-of-the-art SDP solvers. Numerical experiments conducted on the artificial and the real benchmark datasets show the validity and the efficiency of the proposed model.
Search for an axion-like particle at BESIII
Authors: Prasad Vindhyawasini
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the search for di-photon decays of an Axion-like particle (ALP) in radiative decays of [Formula: see text] using 2.7 billion [Formula: see text] events collected by the BESIII detector. A [Formula: see text] data sample is selected by tagging the pion-pair from [Formula: see text] transition. No evidence of ALP production is found, and [Formula: see text] confidence upper limits on ALP photon coupling are set to be in the mass range of [0.165, 2.84] GeV/[Formula: see text]. The new BESIII limits are more stringent than the existing experimental constraints.
FAZIA: A new generation array for nuclear dynamics and EoS experiments at intermediate energies
Authors: Valdré S. , Camaiani A. , Verde G. , Piantelli S. , Casini G. , Le Neindre N. , Baldesi L. , Barlini S. , Bini M. , Boiano A. , Bonnet E. , Borderie B. , Bougault R. , Chbihi A. , Cialdai C. , Ciampi C. , Dell’Aquila D. , Dueñas J. , Edelbruck P. , Fable Q. , Fabris D. , Frankland J. D. , Frosin C. , Gramegna F. , Gruyer D. , Henri M. , Hong B. , Kim S. , Kordyasz A. , Kozik T. , Kweon M. , Lombardo I. , Lopez O. , Marchi T. , Mazurek K. , Olmi A. , Ordine A. , Ottanelli P. , Park J. , Parlog M. , Pasquali G. , Pellegriti M. G. , Poggi G. , Rebillard-Soulié A. , Redigolo L. , Salomon F. , Scaringella M. , Stefanini A. A. , Tobia G. , Tortone G. , Upadhyahya S. , Vient E. , Vigilante M. ,   (for the FAZIA Collaboration)
Published: October 2024

Constraining the nuclear equation of state (EoS) parameters makes it possible to better understand the properties of the matter that constitutes our Universe. Many probes can be used to test the EoS, from the observation of neutron star mergers to heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies. The fragments and particles emitted in collisions need to be identified with isotopic discrimination in order to give valuable information. In this regard, a specifically designed apparatus, such as FAZIA, may be used to study the equation of state. This review summarizes the advanced characteristics of the FAZIA detector array and the achievements obtained by the FAZIA collaboration in the last 15 years.
A new gravitational instanton in conformally invariant dilaton gravity on a warped spacetime
Authors: Slagter Reinoud Jan
Published: October 2024

A new exact time-dependent Kerr-like black hole solution is found on a Randall–Sundrum brane world spacetime. The solution is also valid on the Wick-rotated Euclidean counterpart space, so represents equally well a gravitational instanton, i.e. a bump in spacetime. Since the r-dependent part is determined by a first-order differential equation, one conjectures that the solution is a self-dual solution comparable with the Eguchi–Hanson solution. The zeroes and poles of the spacetime are determined by a quintic polynomial. To describe the Hawking particles, one uses the antipodal boundary condition on a complex Klein-bottle hypersurface [Formula: see text]. We used the Hopf fibration to get [Formula: see text] as the black hole horizon, where the centrix is not in a torus but in the Klein bottle. The twist fits very well with the antipodal identification of the point on the horizon. No “cut-and-paste” is necessary, so the Hawing particles remain pure without instantaneous information transport. A local observer passing the horizon will not notice a central singularity in suitable coordinates. The black hole paradoxes are also revisited in our new black hole model. A connection is made with the geometric quantization of [Formula: see text], by considering the symplectic 2-form. The model can be easily extended to the non-vacuum situation by including a scalar field. Both the dilaton and the scalar field can be treated as quantum fields when approaching the Planck area.
A note on coherent states for Virasoro orbits
Authors: Nair V. P.
Published: October 2024

There are two sets of orbits of the Virasoro group which admit a Kähler structure. We consider the construction of coherent states for the orbit [Formula: see text] which furnishes unitary representations of the group. The procedure is analogous to geometric quantization using a holomorphic polarization. We also give an explicit formula for the Kähler potential for this orbit and comment on normalization of the coherent states. We further explore some of the properties of these states, including the definition of symbols corresponding to operators and their star products. Some comments which touch upon the possibility of applying this to gravity in [Formula: see text] dimensions are also given.
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of a Nose Landing Gear System of Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Wen , Yue Yuan
Published: October 2024

The Hopf bifurcation problem of a nose landing gear system is investigated. Taking the nearly smooth landing gear system with high-order nonlinear terms as the research object, the nose landing gear system is simplified to a plane dynamic system considering nonlinear factors by using the center manifold simplification method. The first Lyapunov coefficient of the landing gear system is derived by using the classical bifurcation theory, and the Hopf bifurcation type of the system is determined according to its sign. The bifurcation diagram is obtained by solving the differential equations of motion numerically. It is revealed that there is a stable limit cycle in the neighborhood of the supercritical Hopf bifurcation point. The influence of velocity and other factors on the shimmy oscillations of the landing gear system is analyzed. The dynamical behavior in the neighborhood of the Hopf bifurcation point is explored theoretically and numerically. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of aircraft landing gear systems.
Differential measurements of jet sub-structure observables and their correlations in p + p collisions at s=200 GeV in STAR
Authors: Robotková Monika
Published: October 2024

Jets are collimated sprays of hadrons created by the fragmentation of high energy partons, and can serve as an experimental tool for studying quantum chromodynamics. In particular, we can explore the properties of parton shower and evolution by measuring jet sub-structure. One of the techniques that allows experimental access to the parton shower is the jet grooming technique called SoftDrop. This analysis extends recent measurements of the jet sub-structure observables based on the SoftDrop algorithm, including groomed radius ([Formula: see text]) and shared momentum fraction ([Formula: see text]), in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] = 200[Formula: see text]GeV in the STAR experiment. We present fully corrected multi-differential measurements of jet sub-structure observables at the first split and their correlations for jets of different transverse momenta and radii. To further explore the jet sub-structure, we present the first measurement of the jet sub-structure observables at the first, second and third splits via the iterative SoftDrop procedure. We show a strong dependence of the [Formula: see text] on the [Formula: see text] and the split number with the observation that selecting on narrower opening angles is similar to progressing further along the jet clustering tree. We compare our measurements to the state-of-the-art Monte Carlo models.
The shell closure effects on α-decay half-lives with an improved formula
Authors: You Hong-Qiang , He Xiao-Tao , Zhang Shuang-Shuang , Wu Ren-Hang , Huang Kun , Zhang Hai-Qian
Published: October 2024

An improved formula including shell closure effects is proposed to investigate [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives. The coefficients of the improved formula are obtained by fitting the experimental [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives of 677 nuclei with [Formula: see text]. The root mean square deviation between [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives calculated by the improved formula and experimental data is reduced from 0.435 to 0.385. The result indicates that the improved formula considering the shell closure effects is reliable in reproducing the experimental [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives. In addition, the improved formula is extended to predict [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives of nuclei with [Formula: see text], 120 isotopes. The results of the predicted [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives indicate that [Formula: see text] appears to be the next magic number beyond [Formula: see text].
Analytical design of fourth and fifth harmonic generations of an elliptically polarized Bessel-Gauss beam by using the concept of guided wave optics and TIR-QPM technique in a biaxial material
Authors: Saha Jaya , Deb Sumita
Published: October 2024

This paper demonstrates the analytical design of an Elliptically polarized Bessel-Gauss beam-based frequency converter by using the guided wave optics concept and Total Internal Reflection Quasi phase matching technique. An anisotropic positive biaxial crystal featuring a rectangular structure of Rubidium Titanyle Phosphate has been used to carry out this analysis. The efficiency of the fourth and fifth harmonic conversion in the projected scheme is 7.05% and 4.3%, respectively, which is approximately three times greater than in a crystal length of approximately 1.4[Formula: see text]mm and 3.4[Formula: see text]mm, as provided by the scheme illuminated by a linearly polarized Bessel-Gauss beam at a wavelength of 735[Formula: see text]nm and 588[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The influence of limiting factors, viz Goos Hänchen Shift, surface roughness, absorption, and the diffraction effect rooted in the basic law of nonlinear reflection, has also been taken care of in this analysis. The dependence of conversion efficiency on the length, thickness and angle of incidence of the slab has also been studied.
Development of Attentive-Based Trans-UNet and Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks for Underwater Image Enhancement
Authors: Ajanya P. , Meera S.
Published: October 2024

Researchers across the globe have been investigating underwater photographs and a way to capture pictures with outstanding clarity for the past couple of decades. Also, improving the obtained photographs is an exhausting task. Usually, applied underwater image-capturing devices are unable to acquire high-resolution photos underwater, and their maintenance is extremely costly. The underwater images include multiple flaws because of biological processes like attenuation and scattering. These photographs experience color distortion, blurriness, and low contrast effects. Technologies that utilize deep learning have become more popular among several research studies and have gradually grown in impact on society. Several techniques demand sets of training photos, but gathering such expected sets can be challenging because of the complex nature of the underwater environment. Generating and restoring an image from water is a difficult task that has gained prominence in recent days. By lowering graininess, adjusting, and refining the photos using deep learning models, the major goal is to enhance underwater images. To accomplish this objective, an intelligent attention-based deep learning model is proposed. In the first stage, the unrefined images are gathered from typical data sources. Further, the collected underwater images are fed into the model of Attentive-based Trans-UNet-CycleGAN (ATUNet-CGAN), where the Transformer-based UNet model is integrated with the Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Also, the attention mechanism process is involved in Trans-UNet-CycleGAN for improving the superiority of submarine images. Finally, the performance of the model is validated using different metrics and correlated among baseline approaches. Therefore, the proposed methodology outperforms the exploitation of better enhancement of image quality.
Mechanical Responses and Deformation Mechanisms of Low-Cost High-Entropy Alloy AlCrFe2Ni2 with Heterogeneous Structure Subjected to High-Strain Rate Deformation
Authors: Xiao Yake , Peng Xianghe
Published: October 2024

Introducing heterogeneous structures into metallic materials through composition design is a promising strategy for simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of the materials. In this work, a novel dual-phase low-cost AlCrFe2Ni2 high-entropy alloy (HEA) was designed and prepared. Its phase constitution, microstructure, dynamic mechanical responses at strain rates ranging from 1100[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] to 4800[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] as well as deformation mechanisms were investigated. It was found that the HEA consists of FCC, B2 and BCC phases and has a heterogeneous microstructure containing dual-phase alternate lamellar and high-density precipitates. The HEA displays the optimal mechanical properties at the strain rate of 4800[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], of which the yield strength, maximum flow stress and strain are 1222.9[Formula: see text]MPa, 2340.8[Formula: see text]MPa and 30.5[Formula: see text]%, respectively, better than that of most single-phase FCC or BCC HEAs, dual-phase HEAs and traditional alloys. The deformation mechanism of the HEA at the strain rate of 4800[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] involves both dislocation slip and deformation twinning, with the former dominating. This work could provide guidance and insights for designing metallic materials with excellent mechanical properties at high strain rates.
Zeros of the degree zero functions from the extended selberg class
Authors: Garunkštis Ramūnas , Putrius Jokūbas
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider the relationship between the zeros of degree zero functions from the extended Selberg class and their derivatives left of the critical line. Specifically, we prove Speiser’s result for such functions, that is that the function satisfies the Riemann Hypothesis if and only if its derivative has no zeros left of the critical line. This result allows us to give an easy to check sufficient condition for a degree zero function from the extended Selberg class to satisfy the Riemann hypothesis based on its coefficients. Additionally, we investigate families of such functions parameterized by a real variable and give conditions under which their zero trajectories leave the critical line.
Structural optimization of CO3O4 nanoparticles for enhanced energy-storage application
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Jabeen Shakra , Kumar Prashant , Samra Kawaljeet Singh
Published: October 2024

This study explores the synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles via hydrothermal reactions of varying durations, aiming to optimize their structural and morphological characteristics for enhanced electrochemical performance. This paper reveals that prolonged hydrothermal reaction durations result in larger crystallite sizes, microporous morphologies, and enhanced electroactive surface areas, all contributing to improved charge storage capabilities. Moreover, the fine-tuned Co3O4 nanoparticles-based electrode exhibits an impressive charge storage capacity of 936 C/g at 1 A/g. The hybrid device Co3O4 @nickelfoam (NF)//graphite-mixed-activated-carbon (G-AC)@NF demonstrates an outstanding energy density of 71.35 Wh/kg at 750 W/kg and retains 78% of initial capacity after 5000 cycles, inferring its noteworthy cyclic stability. The results underscore the significance of optimizing synthesis processes by varying the reaction duration and highlight the candidacy of Co3O4-based electrodes in advancing energy storage technologies.
A Formulation for Numerically Computing Sound at Moving Observers Based on Frequency-Domain Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings Equation
Authors: Zhou Zhiteng , Liu Yi , Zang Zhenyu , Wang Shizhao
Published: October 2024

To circumvent the difficulties in computing sound at moving observers for the prompting Cooperative Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, we propose a frequency-domain formulation for computing sound with Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation. The proposed formulation avoids the expensive integration at each moment over the frequency domain when the acoustic pressure is computed at moving observers, because we novelly decompose the far-field asymptotics of the Green’s function into time- and frequency-dependent components. The proposed formulation is applicable to computation of sound at moving observers with both rectilinear and non-rectilinear motions in subsonic flows. We validate the proposed formulation by computing sound generated from moving acoustic monopole and dipole in freestream flows. The oscillating and rectilinear motions of a far-field observer along various paths are specially considered. The results demonstrate that the proposed formulation provides reliable predictions for sound received by moving observers.
Lineage-Specific Transcription Factors in Carcinogenesis
Authors: David Charles J. , Vanharanta Sakari
Published: October 2024

Each cancer is the result of an individually unique evolutionary process. Yet, as demonstrated by extensive genetic analyses of human specimens, the genetic endpoints of cancers across different tissues are remarkably specific, with individual cancer driver genes being typically associated with only a limited set of tumor types. Tissue and cellular contexts thus impose strong and genetically predictable evolutionary constraints on carcinogenesis. Lineage-specific transcription factors, central regulators of organismal development, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration, often also support cancer cell fitness in a lineage-specific manner. In this review, we discuss recent results on the interactions between transcriptional lineage factor programs and oncogenic pathways and how such interactions may determine the oncogenic competence of cancer-associated genetic alterations. These developments are starting to shed light on the molecular basis of tissue specificity in carcinogenesis, with relevance for cancer prevention and therapy.
Phonetic Universals
Authors: Chodroff Eleanor
Published: October 2024

Understanding the range and limits of crosslinguistic variation stands at the core of linguistic typology and, more broadly, the scientific inquiry of human language. Linguistic typology is concerned with the relevant dimensions along which languages can vary and those along which they remain stable; an overarching goal is to understand the cognitive, physical, social, and historical factors that shape language. Phonetics is no exception to this enterprise, but it has faced obstacles in crosslinguistic data collection and processing power. The field has nevertheless established a solid foundation regarding the relevant dimensions of stability, revealing strong phonetic tendencies across languages (i.e., universals). This article provides an overview of phonetic universals with a summary of previously attested descriptive and analytic phonetic universals and consideration of methodological aspects when investigating phonetic universals. The increasing availability of multilingual speech data along with advanced speech processing tools promises a new era for investigations into crosslinguistic phonetic variation and systematicity.
RNA Damage Responses in Cellular Homeostasis, Genome Stability, and Disease
Authors: Zaher Hani S. , Mosammaparast Nima
Published: October 2024

All cells are exposed to chemicals that can damage their nucleic acids. Cells must protect these polymers because they code for key factors or complexes essential for life. Much of the work on nucleic acid damage has naturally focused on DNA, partly due to the connection between mutagenesis and human disease, especially cancer. Recent work has shed light on the importance of RNA damage, which triggers a host of conserved RNA quality control mechanisms. Because many RNA species are transient, and because of their ability to be retranscribed, RNA damage has largely been ignored. Yet, because of the connection between damaged RNA and DNA during transcription, and the association between essential complexes that process or decode RNAs, notably spliceosomes and ribosomes, the appropriate handling of damaged RNAs is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This notion is bolstered by disease states, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, that may arise upon loss or misregulation of RNA quality control mechanisms.
Gender Identity and Aggression
Authors: Bosson Jennifer K.
Published: October 2024

Gender identity, or people's deeply felt, internal sense of their gender, plays an important role in aggression perpetration and victimization. In this article, I review and organize the psychological research literatures on gender identity–based aggression. I first discuss the need to move beyond binary, cisgender understandings of gender by embracing expansive definitions that more fully capture people's experiences and identities. Next, I summarize relevant research indicating two paths from gender identity to aggression. In one path, individuals with a more masculine (i.e., dominant, agentic) gender identity use aggression proactively, motivated by pursuit of social dominance. In another path, individuals with a more uncertain (i.e., insecure, precarious) gender identity use aggression defensively—and often toward vulnerable, gender nonconforming targets—as a means of protecting their gender identity against threats. I end by identifying important areas for future research and considering how interventions might best mitigate gender identity–based aggression.
A Novel Co-MoS2/RGO-Based Highly Sensitive Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid
Authors: Sharma Seema , Kumar Prashant , Samra Kawaljeet Singh
Published: October 2024

This study presents the synthesis of cobalt-doped MoS₂/reduced graphene oxide (Co-MoS₂/RGO) nanocomposites via a microwave-assisted technique. These nanocomposites were meticulously characterized, revealing intricate details of their nanostructure and surface morphology. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated distinct sensing mechanisms for the electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) at the Co-MoS₂/RGO interface. The sensor exhibited a diffusion-controlled behavior, achieving remarkable detection limits of 0.013 μM for AA, 0.06 μM for UA, 0.248 μM for AA in the presence of UA, and 0.36 μM for UA in the presence of AA. Additionally, the Co-MoS₂/RGO composite demonstrated impressive individual and selective sensitivities for AA, measuring 8.42 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 2.786 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively, and for UA, measuring 10.628 μA μM−1 cm−2 and 7.25 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. These results highlight the exceptional capability of the Co-MoS₂/RGO nanocomposite to distinguish and accurately quantify concentrations of AA and UA, both individually and simultaneously. Furthermore, the Co-MoS₂/RGO sensor demonstrated outstanding repeatability and reproducibility, consistently delivering high performance even after 15 days. These findings underscore the potential of the Co-MoS₂/RGO-based electrochemical sensor as an ultra-sensitive, highly selective, and dependable tool for real-time sample analysis in practical applications.
Electrokinetics-Driven Anodic Oxide Pore Formation: Linear and Weakly Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Wankhede Sajal , Pillai Dipin S.
Published: October 2024

Anodization of aluminum in an acidic medium facilitates the formation of well-ordered nanoporous anodic oxide films. The mechanism of pore formation is investigated as a morphological instability using a simplified model. The model accounts for the high field conduction law and field-assisted reactions (oxide formation/dissolution) only at the oxide-solution interface. The role of Butler-Volmer electrokinetics, electrolyte pH, anodic efficiency, and interface curvature on reaction kinetics are taken into account. Linear stability analysis suggests that the oxide film is unstable to well-defined wavelengths in specific ranges of parameters such as anodizing efficiency, applied voltage and electrolyte pH. Subsequently, a weakly nonlinear analysis is carried out to determine the nature of bifurcation beyond the stability threshold. Our findings indicate that the instability exhibits a subcritical nature, well in agreement with experimental observations.
Impact of Electrolyte Additives on the Lifetime of High Voltage NMC Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells
Authors: Azam Saad , Aiken C. P. , Meisner Quinton , MacLennan Holden , Song Wentao , Liu Qian , Yoo Dong-Joo , Aftanas Stuart , Oxner J. M. , Liao Chen , Garayt Matthew D. L. , Hamam Ines , Zhang Zhengcheng , Dahn J. R.
Published: October 2024

This work involves improving the lifetime of lithium-ion cells during high voltage cycling using electrolyte additives. Three generations of electrolyte additives were investigated and screened in NMC442/graphite pouch cells using a 24 h voltage-hold protocol at 40 °C to accelerate oxidative reactions occurring at 4.4 V. Once promising additives and combinations were identified, they were then tested in cobalt-free NMC640/graphite cells for long-term cycling to upper cutoff voltages of 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 V at temperatures of 20, 40, and 55 °C. Degradation mechanisms were probed using dV/dQ analysis, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The primary failure mode of cells held at high voltages is due to increase in cell impedance, which is correlated to the dissolution of transition metals, specifically manganese, originating from the positive electrode. We believe this dissolution is presumably due to the formation of a high impedance rock salt surface layer on the NMC positive electrode particles. Such deleterious outcomes can be limited by selecting an appropriate electrolyte additive package. It is hoped that this paper can provide a starting point for developing NMC Li-ion cells that can operate to voltages as high as 4.4 V and still display long lifetimes.
RGO-g-C3N4-Co3O4 Composite Modified Platinum Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Madhavan Arya S. , Rajith Leena
Published: October 2024

A novel RGO-g-C3N4-Co3O4 composite modified platinum electrode with significant sensing performance for dopamine was fabricated. Herein, RGO-g-C3N4-Co3O4 hybrid nanostructure could boost the electrocatalytic performance of nanoparticles by avoiding the clustering of nanoparticles. These spinel-based composites are stable and affordable materials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed enhanced electron transfer at the modified electrode, as evidenced by the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) for the RGO-g-C₃N₄-Co₃O₄/Pt electrode. An increased electroactive surface area compared to bare and other modified Pt electrodes was obtained. Several experimental parameters were optimized to maximize sensitivity, including the choice of supporting electrolyte and pH. Cyclic voltammetry conducted at varying scan rates confirmed that the oxidation of dopamine followed a diffusion-controlled process. The modified electrode exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity, with a detection limit as low as 8.10 × 10−7 M, demonstrating a wide linear range between 2.00 × 10−6 M to 4 × 10−4 M. Selectivity tests indicated that the sensor could reliably detect dopamine in the presence of common interfering substances such as NaCl, KCl, glucose and urea, ascorbic acid, uric acid and L-dopa. This enhanced sensitivity and selectivity were validated in both synthetic blood and urine samples, providing the electrode’s potential for real-world applications in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Rate Capability of Fluorinated Catholyte-Based Li Primary Batteries Governed by Interfacial and Bulk Li+ Transport
Authors: Sevilla Alejandro R. , Gao Haining , Steinberg Katherine , Gallant Betar M.
Published: October 2024

Fluorinated catholytes based on fluoro–organosulfur reactants have recently been shown to offer a compelling design space for high-energy lithium (Li) primary batteries with ability to compete with carbon monofluoride (CFx) at low rates and moderate cell temperatures. However, rate capability is hindered as the operating temperature is lowered to room temperature, warranting further investigation. Here, we examined the origin of such loss in detail via impedance spectroscopy and 3–electrode cells. As temperature decreases, the Li anode disproportionately contributes to discharge overpotentials at moderate to high rates (0.3–1 mA cm−2), indicating that the Li solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a pivotal role in governing performance. Despite a modest temperature change, the chemical composition of the SEI is significantly different at 25 °C than at 50 °C, with a lower oxygen/fluorine ratio at room temperature that impedes SEI Li+ transport. Furthermore, continuous growth in ionic resistance/viscosity of the catholyte throughout discharge are found to be the cause of cell “sudden death” at lower temperature and higher rates. This analysis indicates that development of these energy–dense primary battery chemistries for moderate-to-high–rate applications must focus on enhancing SEI Li+ conductivity and maximizing diffusivity of reactant species under solvent–lean conditions.
Gold-coated Impedance Biosensors on PCB and PET for Real-Time Monitoring of Cancer Cells
Authors: Mansor Ahmad Fairuzabadi Mohd , Sedek Salmah , Nordin Anis Nurashikin , Yunos Muhammad Farhan Affendi Mohamad , Samsudin Zambri , Lim Lai Ming , Suhaimi Muhammad Irsyad , Tung Lun Hao
Published: October 2024

Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) biosensors are widely used for in vitro cancer cell monitoring as they are label-free, require small sample volumes, and allow real-time monitoring. ECIS electrodes are typically made of pure gold, but the usage of pure gold electrodes is too costly for single-use applications. As an alternative, this work proposes the use of gold coatings on a printed sensor’s electrodes. The interdigitated electrode design was used on glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin for printed circuit boards (PCB), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The Cu/Ni electrodes on PCB were electroplated with Au, while the Cu/Ni electrodes on PET were coated with Au using an electroless technique. The physicochemical properties were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization was done using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biocompatibility assessment and sensor functionality tests were done by culturing SiHa cervical cancer cell lines on these sensors and impedance measurements. The results show that both electroplated and electroless sensors were biocompatible and suitable to monitor SiHa cell growth. Electrochemical migration effect was observed on the sensors where the reaction occurred at 1.2 V DC for the PCB sensor and 1.0 V DC for the PET sensor.