bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interface behaviour analysis of China railway track system Ⅱ slab ballastless track under temperature action and initial gap damage
Authors: Wang Jun , Lu Zhao-Hui , Zhang Xuan-Yi , Zhao Yan-Gang
Published: November 2023

The interface damage is considered to be one of the main diseases of China Railway Track System (CRTS) Ⅱ slab ballastless track, which will affect the long-term performance of the track structure and safety operation of high-speed trains. This study aims to reveal the interface damage mechanism between the track slab and the cement asphalt (CA) mortar layer of CRTS Ⅱ slab ballastless track, under different combinations of temperature actions and initial gap damage. A three-dimensional finite element model of CRTS Ⅱ slab ballastless track was established, in which a cohesive constitutive model was incorporated to simulate the interaction behavior of the interface. The interface damage evolution under different temperature actions and initial gap damage was analyzed. The analysis results show that: (1) Overall temperature has a more obvious effect on interface damage compared with temperature gradient, and the greater the overall temperature drops, the lower the decrease of interface damage will be; (2) When initial gap damage occur at the slab end, the growth rate of interface damage under temperature gradient is greater than that under overall temperature; The interface will begin to delaminate when the overall temperature drop reaches −50°C and the gap length becomes greater than one fastener spacing; and (3) When initial gap damage occur at the slab edge, the influence of overall temperature on interface damage is greater than that of temperature gradient; The interface gap damage reaches level II (according to TG/GW 115-2012) at the slab edge under the combination of −50°C and −50°C/m, while the slab center interface is unlikely to be damaged under negative temperature.
Characteristics of polypropylene composites filled with palm oil-modified cellulose powder
Authors: Tang Feng , Kim Dae Su
Published: November 2023

Hydrophilic cellulose powder was modified with palm oil for hydrophobicity to strengthen the interfacial bonding between cellulose powder and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP). The palm oil-modified cellulose powders with various palm oil contents were analyzed by compatibility test, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. The IR absorption peak for the ester bridges between cellulose powder and palm oil increased with the palm oil content attached to the cellulose powder. The PP/cellulose (80/20 by weight) composites with the pristine or one of the modified cellulose powders were prepared by melt blending followed by compression molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by an impact and tensile test. The impact strength, elongation at break and water-resistance increased but tensile modulus decreased with the palm oil content. The composite with 4.87 wt.% of the palm oil showed optimum tensile properties. The SEM images showed that the interfacial bonding between the cellulose powders and the PP matrix was strengthened by the modification of the cellulose powder with the palm oil.
Pandemic policing and the preventive state
Authors: Hunyor Jonathon , Gooley Grace
Published: November 2023

We analyse the ‘law and order’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales and suggest that pandemic policing was just one example of the reflexive reach by governments for a punitive response to a social challenge. The pandemic response followed a trend toward securitisation, criminalisation and pre-emption of risk. This trend is also evident in a range of other laws and policing practices – the STMP, bail compliance checks, consorting laws and protest policing. We argue these are policy choices that are increasingly common in what has been described as the ‘preventive state’, where pre-emption of risk has become central. We suggest that, instead, the pandemic response should have focused on the needs of community and capacity building. This lesson must be applied to address the cascading physical and economic impacts of climate change.
Pharyngeal Airway Changes Following Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis as Evaluated with Laryngoscopy
Authors: Kosyk Mychajlo S. , Ruiz Ryan L. , Pontell Matthew E. , Carlson Anna R. , Villavisanis Dillan F. , Zapatero Zachary D. , Kalmar Christopher L. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) may improve airway grade in patients with Robin Sequence (RS), but little is known about the response of the oropharyngeal airway to the distraction process in cases of tongue base obstruction (TBAO). This study used drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) to evaluate the impact of MDO on the oropharynx.

Methods

RS patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were prospectively enrolled, and underwent DISE prior to MDO, and at the time of distractor removal. Laryngoscopy views, glossoptosis degree, polysomnography (PSG) results, oxygen saturations and airway measurements were compared pre- and post-MDO.

Results

Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. At the time of distractor placement, a grade II laryngoscopic view was most frequently observed (63%), and one patient (5%) had a grade I view. Median obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) improved after MDO (49.1 [30.2–74.0] to 9.1, [3.9–18.0], p ≤ .001). Median oxygen saturation nadir also improved (preoperative 69% [60–76] to 85% [82–91], p ≤ .001). At distractor removal, mean laryngoscopic view improved ( p ≤ .002) with no views that were grade 3 or higher. Median intraoperative oropharyngeal width improved, (3.1 mm [2.8–4.4] to 6.0 mm [4.4–6.8], p ≤ .021), as did median cephalometric anteroposterior oropharyngeal width (3.5 mm [2.7–4.1] to 6.3 mm [5.6–8.2], p ≤ .002).

Conclusion

Following MDO, RS patients with TBAO have an approximate doubling of oropharyngeal width and an improvement in laryngoscopic grade. These findings likely contribute to improved oxygenation, OAHI and ease of intubation.
Micropapillary Pattern in Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Comparison With Invasive Non-Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Hui , Li Lue , Wen Yuan-yuan , Qian Li-yong , Yang Zhi-qiang
Published: November 2023

Background. The presence of a micropapillary pattern is associated with poor outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological features of micropapillary pattern in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Methods. The patients were stratified into three groups: the invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma group (60 patients), the mixed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma group (33 patients), and the invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma group (237 patients). The presence of micropapillary pattern and its clinicopathological features were analyzed and compared between the three groups. Results. Compared to mixed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma had lower frequencies of micropapillary pattern (28.3% vs 87.9%, respectively; P < .001) and lymph node metastasis (00.0% vs 15.1%, respectively; P = .005). The frequency of tumor spread through air space (STAS) in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (23.3%) was higher than that in invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (6.3%; P < .001), while lower than that in mixed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (60.6%; P < .001). When the three groups were all accompanied by micropapillary pattern, there was no obvious difference in STAS between invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pattern and mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pattern ( P > .05). No filigree pattern occurred in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with micropapillary pattern. Conclusions. The micropapillary pattern is frequently observed in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and has a better prognosis compared to mixed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. However, the malignancy of the micropapillary pattern in mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma was similar to that in invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, even with the presence of mucus. These findings suggest that the development mechanisms of the micropapillary pattern in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and mixed mucinous adenocarcinoma may differ.
Choroidal features in non-neovascular and neovascular pachychoroid diseases
Authors: Hachicha Ines , Bouraoui Rim , El Matri Leila , Masmoudi Marwa , Ben Aoun Safa , Bouchoucha Saker , Chebil Ahmed , Limaiem Rim , El Matri Khaled
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To evaluate choroidal findings on multimodal imaging in eyes within pachychoroid spectrum diseases and to compare quantitative and qualitative choroidal features between non-neovascular (NNV-PDS) and neovascular (NV-PDS) pachychoroid diseases

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study comparing between NV-PDS and NNV-PDS. All patients underwent multimodal imaging including infracyanine green angiography (IFCGA) and swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A). The following parameters were analyzed: subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroidal vascular index (CVI), presence of pachyvessels and choroidal vascular interconnections (CVIC), presence of choroidal neovascularization and choriocapillaris density.

Results

Of the 87 eyes included in the study, 63 eyes (73%) had NNV-PDS and 24 eyes (27%) had NV-PDS. Mean SFCT and CVI were significantly higher in NNV-PDS group (p = 0.01; p = 0.022). Pachyvessels were more diffusely distributed in NNV-PD group and more focally distributed in NV-PDS group (p = 0.029). CVIC were more frequently noted in NV-PDS group (p = 0.024). A higher CVI was associated to a thicker choroid (p < 0.001), with significant negative correlations between the presence of CVIC and both SFCT (p = 0.015) and CVI (p = 0.002). We also observed a lower choriocapillaris vascular density and higher number of choriocapillaris flow voids in eyes with NNV-PDS (p = 0.24; p = 0.61).

Conclusion

NNV-PDS eyes had a significantly thicker SFCT, higher CVI and a lower rate of detected CVIC than eyes with NV-PDS. These highlighted choroidal vascular changes might lead to a better understanding of pachychoroid disease pathophysiology. More frequently observed in NV-PDS group, CVIC are believed to assess the development of vortex vein anastomoses as a remodelling process for vascular decongestion.
Comparison of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy by Blue Dye Conjunction With Indocyanine Green or Radioisotope in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Peng Qing , Sun Pengcheng , Li Xuesha , Dong Yilong
Published: November 2023

Background:

Although radioisotope (RI) combined with blue dye (BD) is the standard technique for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer, the use of RI is limited at some institutions due to the specific equipment needed. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence detection has been developed as a potential substitute for RI method. However, reports on the sensitivity of ICG and RI techniques in detecting SLN are inconsistent; hence, the present study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy between the combined method of ICG + BD (ICG-B) and RI + BD (RI-B).

Methods:

A prospective observational study was performed that identified 138 breast cancer patients who had undergone lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy with ICG-B or RI-B. The SLN detection rate, positive SLN counts, and lymph node metastasis between the 2 groups were compared.

Results:

A total of 71 patients were recruited in the ICG-B group, while 67 were recruited in the RI-B group. The SLN detection rate was 100% in both the ICG-B and RI-B groups. Lymph node metastasis was found in 13 patients using ICG-B and in 12 patients using the RI-B technique (18.31% vs 17.91%, respectively; P = .61). No significant differences were observed in the positive SLN counts (3.12 ± 2.01 vs 3.33 ± 2.24, P = .37) between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:

Indocyanine green combined with BD has an equal efficacy compared with RI plus BD when performing an axillary SLN biopsy in breast cancer. The ICG plus BD procedure is a promising alternative to traditional standard mapping methods.
Vulnerable witnesses in Chilean criminal proceedings: New developments
Authors: Fuentes Maureira Claudio Alfonso
Published: November 2023

Common law countries have long been implementing legal reforms that recognise the special needs of vulnerable witnesses. While these issues have been the subject of considerable scrutiny and debate in evidence law scholarship, this is not the case across Latin American legal systems. This article intends to contribute to such a debate. Chile recently enacted two special laws that significantly amended the general evidentiary regime in an effort to account for the challenges facing children and victims of sex crimes. This article provides an account and analysis of these recent legal reforms. We contend that while both laws address critical issues impacting specific classes of victims, the lawgivers failed to recognise that there is conflict between the rights of the victims and the rights of the accused, generating legal reforms that have unreasonably restricted the right of defendants to confront witnesses.
Complications after radial polydactyly surgery: analysis, prevention and management
Authors: Hovius Steven E. R. , Kruit Anne Sophie
Published: November 2023

Long-term follow-up after surgical correction of patients with radial polydactyly might reveal unexpected or undesired outcomes that are accentuated by growth. It should be stressed that assessment of outcomes differs considerably by the system used. Preoperative examination can elucidate the underlying pathological anatomy of these anomalies and consequently, these anatomical differences should be corrected as much as possible during the first operation to prevent worse outcomes at long-term follow-up. In various long-term studies, the reoperation rate was in the range of 7%–28%, with the most common reasons being deviation, instability, nail deformity and suboptimal appearance. Most unfavourable results occur during growth and are frequently revealed only at longer-term follow-up. Concentration of care to a few centres is advised since these malformations occur in small numbers and experienced surgeons tend to have better results. Consensus on the used assessment system and multicentred studies are essential in future to better understand how we can prevent reoperations.
Classification of anterior communicating aneurysms on a basis of endovascular treatments
Authors: Zhang Huachen , Liang Shikai , Zang Baiyang , Lv Xianli
Published: November 2023

Background and purpose

The anterior communicating artery (Acoma) aneurysms are difficult to understand because of their anatomical variations. This study reported a new classification of Acoma aneurysms on a basis of endovascular treatments.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled consecutive 94 patients harbored 100 Acoma aneurysms treated with coil embolization. All Acoma aneurysms were classified into 5 orientations (straight, superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior) based on the axis connecting A1 origin and the base of the aneurysm. Aneurysm characteristics, endovascular treatments, angiographic, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using this classification.

Results

According to this classification, there were 64 (64%) straight, 16 (16%) inferior, 16 (16%) superior, 2 (2%) anterior, and 2 (2%) posterior projection aneurysms. There were significant differences between different groups in aneurysm height ( p=0.009) and aneurysm neck size ( p = 0.003), and in endovascular treatments ( p=0.006). There was a significant difference in the proportion of rupture presentation among the three groups of straight, inferior, and superior ( p = 0.019). There was no difference in the results of postoperative angiography ( p = 0.090). An excellent functional outcome with an mRS ≤1 was achieved in 91 (96.8%) patients.

Conclusions

This classification of Acoma aneurysms based on the axis connecting A1 origin and the base of the aneurysm is associated with aneurysm height, aneurysm neck size, and in need for stent-assisted therapy. Endovascular embolization can provide the same effective treatment for aneurysms in all directions.
Effect of BCR::ABL1 transcript type and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction on successful treatment-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Park Hyunkyung , Kim Hyeong-Joon , Sohn Sang-Kyun , Baik Yoonsuk , Kim Dongho , Lee Sung-Yeoun , Kong Jee Hyun , Kim Hawk , Shin Dong-Yeop , Ahn Jae-Sook , Park Jinny , Park Seonyang , Kim Inho
Published: November 2023

Background:

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is an exact method of measurement.

Objectives:

We conducted this study to identify the prognostic factors for successful treatment-free remission in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We also aimed to validate ddPCR for predicting molecular relapse.

Design:

This is a prospective, multicenter study.

Methods:

We enrolled patients treated with TKIs for at least 3 years with a confirmed sustained deep molecular response (DMR) for at least 1 year. TKI was re-administered in patients who experienced the loss of major molecular response (MMR).

Results:

A total of 66 patients from five institutions in South Korea were enrolled. During a median follow-up period of 16.5 months, 29/66 (43.9%) patients experienced molecular relapse; the probability of molecular relapse-free survival (RFS) at 6 or 12 months after TKI discontinuation was 65.6% or 57.8%, respectively, with most molecular relapses occurring within the first 7 months. All patients who lost MMR were re-treated with TKI, and all re-achieved MMR at a median of 2.8 months. E14a2 transcript type ( p = 0.005) and longer DMR duration (⩾48 months) prior to TKI discontinuation ( p = 0.002) were associated with prolonged molecular RFS and with sustained DMR. Patients with both e13a2 transcript type and detectable BCR::ABL1 (⩾MR5.0) by ddPCR at the time of TKI discontinuation showed shorter duration of molecular RFS ( p = 0.015).

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that transcript type and BCR::ABL1 transcript levels on ddPCR should be taken into consideration when deciding whether to discontinue TKI therapy.
Levothyroxine liquid oral substitution as an alternative treatment for refractory hypothyroidism due to gastrointestinal malabsorption: A case report
Authors: Cherchir Faten , Oueslati Ibtissem , Mouelhi Yasmine , Talbi Emna , Feki Moncef , Yazidi Meriem , Chihaoui Melika
Published: November 2023

Tablets of levothyroxine (LT4) are the most used form for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Some patients may present with refractory hypothyroidism despite a high daily LT4 dose. We report the case of a 49-year-old woman who was admitted to our department for refractory hypothyroidism. She was treated with 300 μg oral LT4 tablets daily (3.9 μg/kg/day). Despite good compliance and regular intake of high doses of LT4, she had persistent symptoms of hypothyroidism and a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 92.4 mIU/L. LT4 absorption test was consistent with the diagnosis of malabsorption. Etiological investigations revealed Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Helicobacter infection was adequately treated, but symptoms of hypothyroidism and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone persisted. Increased LT4 doses (400 μg) failed to normalize thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Thus, she was put on LT4 liquid form at a dose of 80 drops/day per day (400 µg). Two weeks later, she presented with clinical and biological improvement with a normal free thyroxine level of 1.14 ng/dL. Patients with gastrointestinal disorders may present with refractory hypothyroidism despite increasing doses of LT4. Switching to liquid formulation may resolve this problem.
Sheehan’s syndrome unveiled after decades without a diagnosis: A case report
Authors: Rabee’ Hadi , Braik Tamara , Alnatour Rezeq , Shamlawi Alaa , Rashed Ammar
Published: November 2023

Sheehan’s syndrome is defined as a postpartum infarction of the pituitary gland following hypovolemic shock due to obstetric hemorrhage. Sheehan’s syndrome’s symptoms are often subtle, and hence it is often overlooked. In this report, we discuss a case of an 82-year-old woman who developed severe postpartum hemorrhage after her last childbirth at the age of 37, which required multiple blood transfusions. Since then, she had progressively developed malaise and lastly presented with a new onset of confusion. Basic laboratory tests detected poorly controlled hypothyroidism and severe hyponatremia, which are well-known late-presenting conditions of Sheehan’s syndrome. Escaping the diagnosis for more than four decades is extremely rare and beyond what is reported previously. Despite being a rare cause of hyponatremia in the elderly, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and are required to look for a readily treatable and preventable cause of hyponatremia (after excluding the common causes), which may alleviate the suffering of these patients.
The Frequency of Symptoms in Patients With a Diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Results of a Scoping Review
Authors: Jiang Zhilin , Davies Benjamin , Zipser Carl , Margetis Konstantinos , Martin Allan , Matsoukas Stavros , Zipser-Mohammadzada Freschta , Kheram Najmeh , Boraschi Andrea , Zakin Elina , Obadaseraye Oke Righteous , Fehlings Michael G. , Wilson Jamie , Yurac Ratko , Cook Chad E. , Milligan Jamie , Tabrah Julia , Widdop Shirley , Wood Lianne , Roberts Elizabeth A. , Rujeedawa Tanzil , Tetreault Lindsay ,   AO Spine RECODE-DCM Diagnostic Criteria Incubator
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Delayed diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is associated with reduced quality of life and greater disability. Developing diagnostic criteria for DCM has been identified as a top research priority.

Objectives

This scoping review aims to address the following questions: What is the diagnostic accuracy and frequency of clinical symptoms in patients with DCM?

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using a database of all primary DCM studies published between 2005 and 2020. Studies were included if they (i) assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a symptom using an appropriate control group or (ii) reported the frequency of a symptom in a cohort of DCM patients.

Results

This review identified three studies that discussed the diagnostic accuracy of various symptoms and included a control group. An additional 58 reported on the frequency of symptoms in a cohort of patients with DCM. The most frequent and sensitive symptoms in DCM include unspecified paresthesias (86%), hand numbness (82%) and hand paresthesias (79%). Neck and/or shoulder pain was present in 51% of patients with DCM, whereas a minority had back (19%) or lower extremity pain (10%). Bladder dysfunction was uncommon (38%) although more frequent than bowel (23%) and sexual impairment (4%). Gait impairment is also commonly seen in patients with DCM (72%).

Conclusion

Patients with DCM present with many different symptoms, most commonly sensorimotor impairment of the upper extremities, pain, bladder dysfunction and gait disturbance. If patients present with a combination of these symptoms, further neuroimaging is indicated to confirm the diagnosis of DCM.
Nadir Hemoglobin Concentration After Spinal Tumor Surgery: Association With Risk of Composite Adverse Events
Authors: Wang Xuena , Tao Jiachun , Zhong Yinbo , Yao Yuanyuan , Wang Tingting , Gao Qi , Xu Guangxin , Lv Tao , Li Xuejie , Sun Dawei , Cheng Zhenzhen , Liu Mingxia , Xu Jingpin , Wu Chaomin , Wang Ying , Wang Ruiyu , Zheng Bin , Yan Min
Published: November 2023

Study Design

Retrospective case-control study.

Objective

To explore the association of early postoperative nadir hemoglobin with risk of a composite outcome of anemia-related and other adverse events.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from spinal tumor patients who received intraoperative blood transfusion between September 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression was used to explore relationships of clinicodemographic and surgical factors with risk of composite in-hospital adverse events, including death. Subgroup analysis explored the relationship between early postoperative nadir hemoglobin and composite adverse events.

Results

Among the 345 patients, 331 (95.9%) experienced early postoperative anemia and 69 (20%) experienced postoperative composite adverse events. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative nadir Hb (OR = .818, 95% CI: .672-.995, P = .044), ASA ≥3 (OR = 2.007, 95% CI: 1.086-3.707, P = .026), intraoperative RBC infusion volume (OR = 1.133, 95% CI: 1.009-1.272, P = .035), abnormal hypertension (OR = 2.199, 95% CI: 1.085-4.457, P = .029) were correlated with composite adverse events. The lumbar spinal tumor was associated with composite adverse events with a decreased odds compared to thoracic spinal tumors (OR = .444, 95% CI: .226-.876, P = .019). Compared to patients with postoperative nadir hemoglobin ≥11.0 g/dL, those with nadir <9.0 g/dL were at significantly higher risk of postoperative composite adverse events (OR = 2.709, 95% CI: 1.087-6.754, P = .032).

Conclusion

Nadir hemoglobin <9.0 g/dL after spinal tumor surgery is associated with greater risk of postoperative composite adverse events in patients who receive intraoperative blood transfusion.
Best Practices for Promoting Resilience Among Children Residing in Institutional Care
Authors: Mishra Rachna
Published: November 2023

Despite popular intents and plans to eradicate child-care institutions from the national scenario, institutional care remains the dominant model of alternative care for children among countries in the global South. Moreover, complete eradication of these residential institutions has multiple practical constraints. Given these limitations, building resilience among institutionalised children and youth has been considered a worthier goal for intervention. There is, an urgent need to appreciate the notion of resilience amid these settings from an ecological perspective rather than as an individual attribute. This study outlines certain best practices regarding how multiple stakeholders within resident children’s immediate ecological context might facilitate healthy adjustment in an atmosphere of trust and support.
Multimodal rhythm in TikTok videos: Exploring a recontextualization of the Gillard ‘misogyny speech’
Authors: Han Joshua , Zappavigna Michele
Published: November 2023

This article presents a multimodal rhythmic analysis of a TikTok video, adopting a social semiotic perspective on embodied meaning-making. We highlight the importance of rhythm in coordinating and intertwining semiotic modes to produce meaning. The study develops a method for undertaking an integrated multimodal analysis of rhythm across speech, bodily action, gesture and music, and develops a transcription convention for representing this rhythmic unfolding. The data considered is a TikTok ‘glambot/boss challenge’ video featuring a lip sync to audio sampled from former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard’s 2012 culturally iconic ‘Misogyny Speech’ condemning misogynist and sexist men, particularly those in positions of power. This speech achieved viral prominence internationally and continues to be a key feminist text in Australian political history. The paper demonstrates how end-accented rhythmic groups create anticipation and lead to the main event in both the speech and glambot sections of the video. Alongside the rhythmic analysis, the article examines the intertextual meanings established with other TikTok videos that iterate the glambot meme and glambot challenge.
Increased expression of CXCL6 in secretory cells drives fibroblast collagen synthesis and is associated with increased mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bahudhanapati Harinath , Tan Jiangning , Apel Rosa Marie , Seeliger Benjamin , Schupp Jonas , Li Xiaoyun , Sullivan Daniel I. , Sembrat John , Rojas Mauricio , Tabib Tracy , Valenzi Eleanor , Lafyatis Robert , Mitash Nilay , Hernandez Pineda Ricardo , Jawale Chetan , Peroumal Doureradjou , Biswas Partha , Tedrow John , Adams Taylor , Kaminski Naftali , Wuyts Wim A. , McDyer John F. , Gibson Kevin F. , Alder Jonathan K. , Königshoff Melanie , Zhang Yingze , Nouraie Mehdi , Prasse Antje , Kass Daniel J.
Published: November 2023

Rationale

Recent data suggest that the localisation of airway epithelial cells in the distal lung in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) may drive pathology. We set out to discover whether chemokines expressed in these ectopic airway epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF.

Methods

We analysed whole lung and single-cell transcriptomic data obtained from patients with IPF. In addition, we measured chemokine levels in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of IPF patients and air–liquid interface cultures. We employedex vivodonor and IPF lung fibroblasts and an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis to test the effects of chemokine signalling on fibroblast function.

Results

By analysis of whole-lung transcriptomics, protein and BAL, we discovered that CXCL6 (a member of the interleukin-8 family) was increased in patients with IPF. Elevated CXCL6 levels in the BAL of two cohorts of patients with IPF were associated with poor survival (hazard ratio of death or progression 1.89, 95% CI 1.16–3.08; n=179, p=0.01). By immunostaining and single-cell RNA sequencing, CXCL6 was detected in secretory cells. Administration of mCXCL5 (LIX, murine CXCL6 homologue) to mice increased collagen synthesis with and without bleomycin. CXCL6 increased collagen I levels in donor and IPF fibroblasts 4.4-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively. Both silencing of and chemical inhibition of CXCR1/2 blocked the effects of CXCL6 on collagen, while overexpression of CXCR2 increased collagen I levels 4.5-fold in IPF fibroblasts.

Conclusions

CXCL6 is expressed in ectopic airway epithelial cells. Elevated levels of CXCL6 are associated with IPF mortality. CXCL6-driven collagen synthesis represents a functional consequence of ectopic localisation of airway epithelial cells in IPF.
The analysis of HPV integration sites based on nanopore sequencing and the profiling changes along the course of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Li Xiulan , Wei Xiaoke , Liu Xin , Wang Nan , Xu Fuqiang , Liu Xingyu , Li Yanmei , Zhou Yuxiang , Tang Huadong , Bian Meina , Hou Ying , Zhang Lili , Wang Weiwei , Liu Qing
Published: November 2023

Objective

To detect the HPV genotype and integration sites in patients with high-risk HPV infection at different stages of photodynamic therapy using nanopore technology and to evaluate the treatment effect.

Methods

Four patients with HPV infection were selected and subjected to photodynamic therapy, and cervical exfoliated cell was sampled at before treatment, after three courses of treatment and six courses of treatment, their viral abundance and insertion sites were analyzed by nanopore technology, and pathological examinations were performed before and after treatment. In this study, we developed a novel assay that combined viral sequence enrichment and Nanopore sequencing for identification of HPV genotype and integration sites at once. The assay has obvious advantages over qPCR or NGS-based methods, as it has better sensitivity after viral sequences enrichment and can generate long-reads (kb to Mb) for better detection rate of structure variations, moreover, fast turn-around time for real-time viral sequencing and analysis.

Results

The pathological grade was reduced in all four patients after photodynamic therapy. Virus has been cleared in two cases after treatment, the virus amount reduced after treatment but not completely cleared in one case, and two type viruses were cleared and one type virus persisted after treatment in the last patient with multiple infection. Viral abundance and the number of integration sites were positively correlated. Gene enrichment analysis showed complete viral clearance in 1 patient and 3 patients required follow-up.

Conclusion

Nanopore sequencing can effectively monitor the abundance of HPV viruses and integration sites to show the presence status of viruses, and combined with the results of gene enrichment analysis, the treatment effect can be dynamically assessed.
SOX9 promotes the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by activating the RAP1 signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Jun-fa , Liao Qing , Lu Chen-lin
Published: November 2023

Objective

SOX9 has been shown to be related to the metastasis of various cancers. Recently, it has been reported that SOX9 plays a regulatory role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell metastasis, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to observe the effect and mechanism of SOX9 on the invasion and migration of LUAD cells.

Methods

RT-qPCR was applied to observe the expression of SOX9 and RAP1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal lung tissues collected from LUAD patients. Co-immunoprecipitation and Pearson correlation to analyze the expression correlation of SOX9 with RAP1. To observe the role of SOX9, the invasion and migration levels of LUAD A549 cells in each group were observed by Transwell invasion assay and Scratch migration assay after knocking down or overexpressing SOX9. Besides, the expression levels of RAP1 pathway-related proteins (RAP1, RAP1GAP and RasGRP33) were observed by RT-qCPR or western blot. Subsequently, RAP1 was overexpressed and SOX9 was knocked down in A549 cells, and then the cell invasion/migration level and RAP1 pathway activity were assessed.

Results

The expression levels of SOX9 and RAP1 in tumor tissues and A549 cells of LUAD patients were significantly increased and positively correlated. Overexpression of SOX9 or RAP1 alone in A549 cells enhanced the invasion and migration ability of cells, as well as up-regulated the expression levels of RAP1, RAP1GAP and RasGRP33. However, knocking down SOX9 decreased cell invasion and migration levels and weakened the activity of RAP1 pathway. Notably, overexpressing RAP1 while knocking down SOX9 significantly activated RAP1 pathway and promoted cell invasion and migration.

Conclusion

Overexpression of SOX9 in LUAD can significantly activate the RAP1 signaling pathway and promote cell invasion and migration.
A longitudinal study of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels
Authors: Abdelazim Mohamed , Abdelkader Rehab , Ali Abdelhakim , Shahein Momtaz A. , Tadesse Zelalem , Saad Ahmed , Mansour Amal , Ali Samah F. , Atea Mohamed , Gardner Emma , VonDobschuetz Sophie , Morzaria Subhash , Makonnen Yilma , Lubroth Juan , Sumption Keith , ElMasry Ihab , Zakaria Tarek , Eid Samah , Hatab Eman Abo , Hagag Naglaa M. , Yousef Hend M. Y. , Emara Mervate , Abdelwahed Dina A. , Abdelmegeed Hala K. , Hamdy Mervat E. , Mansour Othman N.O. , Guitian Javier
Published: November 2023

Background

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in humans in 2012. Since then, 2605 cases and 937 associated deaths have been reported globally. Camels are the natural host for MERS-CoV and camel to human transmission has been documented. The relationship between MERS-CoV shedding and presence of neutralizing antibodies in camels is critical to inform surveillance and control, including future deployment of camel vaccines. However, it remains poorly understood. The longitudinal study conducted in a closed camel herd in Egypt between December 2019 and March 2020 helped to characterize the kinetics of MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies and its relation with viral shedding.

Results

During the 100-day longitudinal study, 27 out of 54 camels (50%) consistently tested negative for presence of antibodies against MERS-CoV, 19 (35.2%) tested positive and 8 (14.8%) had both, positive and negative test results. Fourteen events that could be interpreted as serological indication of probable infection (two seroconversions and twelve instances of positive camels more than doubling their optical density ratio (OD ratio) in consecutive samples) were identified. Observed times between the identified events provided strong evidence (p = 0.002) against the null hypothesis that they occurred with constant rate during the study, as opposed to clustering at certain points in time. A generalized additive model showed that optical density ratio (OD ratio) is positively associated with being an adult and varies across individual camels and days, peaking at around days 20 and 90 of the study. Despite serological indication of probable virus circulation and intense repeated sampling, none of the tested nasal swab samples were positive for MERS-CoV RNA, suggesting that, if the identified serological responses are the result of virus circulation, the virus may be present in nasal tissue of infected camels during a very narrow time window.

Conclusions

Longitudinal testing of a closed camel herd with past history of MERS-CoV infection is compatible with the virus continuing to circulate in the herd despite lack of contact with other camels. It is likely that episodes of MERS-CoV infection in camels can take place with minimal presence of the virus in their nasal tissues, which has important implications for future surveillance and control of MERS-CoV in camel herds and prevention of its zoonotic transmission.
Equity trends for the UHC service coverage sub-index for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in Pakistan: evidence from demographic health surveys
Authors: Zaka Nabila , Umar Maida , Ahmad Ahsan Maqbool , Ahmad Ikhlaq , Reza Tahira Ezra , Sarfraz Mariyam , Emmanuel Faran
Published: November 2023

Background

Pakistan, the world's sixth most populous country and the second largest in South Asia, is facing challenges related to reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) that are exacerbated by various inequities. RMNCH coverage indicators such as antenatal care (ANC) and deliveries at health facilities have been improving over time, and the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is gradually declining but not at the desired rates. Analysing and documenting inequities with reference to key characteristics are useful to unmask the disparities and to amicably implement targeted equity-oriented interventions.

Methods

Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) based UHC service coverage tracer indicators were derived for the RMNCH domain at the national and subnational levels for the two rounds of the PDHS in 2012 and 2017. These derivations were subgrouped into wealth quintiles, place of residence, education and mothers’ age. Dumbbell charts were created to show the trends and quintile-specific coverage. The UHC service coverage sub-index for RMNCH was constructed to measure the absolute and relative parity indices, such as high to low absolute difference and high to low ratios, to quantify health inequities. The population attributable risk was computed to determine the overall population health improvement that is possible if all regions have the same level of health services as the reference point (national level) across the equity domains.

Results

The results indicate an overall improvement in coverage across all indicators over time, but with a higher concentration of data points towards higher coverage among the wealthiest groups, although the poorest quintile continues to have low coverage in all regions. The UHC service coverage sub-index on RMNCH shows that Pakistan has improved from 45 to 63 overall, while Punjab improved from 50 to 59 and Sindh from 43 to 55. The highest improvement is evident in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, which has increased from 31 in 2012 to 51 in 2017. All regions made slow progress in narrowing the gap between the poorest and wealthiest groups, with particularly noteworthy improvements in KP and Sindh, as indicated by the parity ratio. The RMNCH service coverage sub-index gap was the greatest among women aged 15–19 years, those who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile, had no education, and resided in rural areas.

Conclusions

Analysing existing data sources from an equity lens supports evidence-based policies, programs and practices with a focus on disadvantaged subgroups.
Prevalence and correlates of violence among sexual and injecting partners of people who inject drugs living with HIV in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aung Sai Win Kyaw Htet , Kingston Hanley , Mbogo Loice W. , Sambai Betsy , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Ludwig-Barron Natasha T. , Bukusi David , Sinkele William , Gitau Esther , Masyuko Sarah , Herbeck Joshua T. , Farquhar Carey , Guthrie Brandon L.
Published: November 2023

Background

In Kenya, violence is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV and their sexual and injecting partners and may lead to decreased uptake of HIV services, increased HIV risk behaviors, and increased HIV transmission. Violence is defined as any physical harm, threatened harm, or forced sexual acts inflicted on a person in the past year. Understanding the nature of violence and its correlates among PWID and their partners will inform population-specific public health interventions and policy recommendations.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort study conducted in eight public health centers, methadone clinics, and needle syringe programs in Nairobi, Kilifi, and Mombasa counties in Kenya. 3,302 sexual and/or injecting partners of PWID living with HIV were recruited through assisted partner services and participated in the study. Prevalence and correlates of violence were identified using the Wald test and negative binomial regression.

Results

Out of 3302 study participants, 1439 (44%) had experienced violence within the past year. Physical violence was the most common form of violence experienced (35%), followed by being threatened (23%) or subjected to sexual violence (7%). In an adjusted analysis, female participants reported higher experiences of sexual violence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62, 3.74; p < 0.001) compared to male participants. In adjusted analysis, coastal residents had a higher experience of overall violence (PR = 1.48; 95% CI 1.27, 1.72; p < 0.001) than those living in Nairobi. This regional effect was relatively stronger among the female respondents (pinteraction = 0.025). Participants’ sex modified the association between region and experiencing violence after adjusting potential confounding factors.

Conclusions

The study reveals the prevalence of violence among PWID and identifies high-risk sub-groups, including women, specifically for sexual violence, and coastal residents. Tailored interventions addressing their unique needs are essential. A holistic approach that combines violence prevention and response, comprehensive harm reduction, healthcare access, and community support is crucial to address the complex issue of drug use and HIV burden among PWID in Kenya for improved health outcomes.
Analysis of respiratory virus detection in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wu Ruoya , Zhang Jianwei , Mo Liyan
Published: November 2023

Objective

It is now understood that the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated containment measures have influenced the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. This study aimed to characterize respiratory virus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in East China both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We collected nasal secretions from 9782 pediatric ARI patients admitted to Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2018 and December 2022. We analyzed and compared changes in viral detection rates, epidemiological features, and clinical characteristics.

Results

A total of 1633 strains from 7 common respiratory viruses were identified, with an overall positive rate of 16.35% (n = 821/5021) in 2018–2019 and 17.06% (n = 812/4761) in 2020–2022. Compared to 2018–2019, the positive rate for RSV significantly increased in 2020–2022, while detection rates for ADV, PIV-2, PIV-3, and flu-B showed reductions (P < 0.05). The RSV-positive rate experienced a more significant increase in winter compared to other seasons both before and during COVID-19 (P < 0.05), whereas PIV-3 predominantly circulated in spring and summer before COVID-19.

Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, marked variations in age distribution and seasonality of respiratory virus infections were observed among hospitalized children with ARIs in East China. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented during the pandemic yielded a limited impact on common respiratory viruses.
Herbal medicine formula Huazhuo Tiaozhi granule ameliorates dyslipidaemia via regulating histone lactylation and miR-155-5p biogenesis
Authors: Yin Xiangjun , Li Min , Wang Yongzhi , Zhao Guifang , Yang Tao , Zhang Yuqing , Guo Jianbo , Meng Tiantian , Du Ruolin , Li Honglin , Wang Zhe , Zhang Jian , He Qingyong
Published: November 2023

Background

Huazhuo Tiaozhi granule (HTG) is a herbal medicine formula widely used in clinical practice for hypolipidaemic effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dyslipidaemia treatment have not been well elucidated.

Results

A significant reduction in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was observed in the serum of patients with dyslipidaemia after HTG treatment, without disruption in the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr). The dyslipidaemia rat model was induced by a high-fat diet and treated with Xuezhikang (0.14 g/kg/d) or HTG (9.33 g crude herb/kg/day) by gavage for 8 weeks. Body weight and liver index were markedly decreased in dyslipidaemic rats after treatment with Xuezhikang or HTG. HTG administration markedly ameliorated hyperlipidaemia by decreasing the levels of TC and LDL-C in serum and hepatic lipid accumulation. In vitro, lipid accumulation in LO2 and HepG2 cells was alleviated by serum treatment with HTG. High lactylation was observed in 198 proteins, including lactylation of histone H2B (K6), H4 (K80). Deep sequencing of microRNAs showed that miR-155-5p was significantly downregulated.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that HTG is an effective and safe formula for treating dyslipidaemia, which promotes lactylation in hepatocytes, and the retardation of miR-155-5p biogenesis.

Graphical abstract
Asimina triloba (pawpaw) fruit extract suppresses adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis-related protein expression in 3T3-L1 cells
Authors: Lee Chang Jun , Kim Young-Soo , Hur Jinyoung , Yoo Guijae , Choi Sang Yoon
Published: November 2023

Obesity is a health condition accompanied by life-threatening comorbidities; hence, there is an increasing need for anti-obesity agents. The anti-cancer effects of the leaves of Asimina triloba (pawpaw) has been reported. However, limited research has been conducted on the potential anti-obesity effects of A. triloba fruit. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of A. triloba fruit extract on murine preadipocytes (3T3-L1). We specifically examined lipid droplet formation in these cells using Oil Red O solution and intracellular pro-adipogenic protein levels were examined using western blot analysis. The results revealed that treatment with A. triloba 70% ethanolic fruit extract effectively suppressed lipid droplet formation. Moreover, the expression of crucial proteins involved in adipogenesis, namely sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and fatty acid synthase, were significantly inhibited. These findings suggest that A. triloba fruit has the potential to prevent obesity by inhibiting fat synthesis and may serve as a natural source for anti-obesity functional agents.

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