bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implementation of cooperative learning type team assisted individualisation for teaching 3D geometry
Authors: Tristanti Lia Budi , Hidayati Wiwin Sri
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a cooperative learning type TAI for teaching 3D geometry and to see whether or not the outcome of cooperative learning type TAI was found better for teaching 3D geometry rather than conventional learning model.  This study was a experiment with pretest posttest only control design. The sample are 70 students on the first grade of MA Ismailiyah, Jombang. The sample randomly divided into two classes, that is experimental class and control class. The experimental class used the cooperative learning type TAI, while the control class used the conventional learning model.The instruments consisted of observation sheet for students’ activities, observation sheet for students’ cooperative skills, questionnaire of students’ responses and test sheet of learning outcome. The findings showed that the implimentation of a cooperative learning type TAI for teaching 3D geometry is effective and the outcomes of the students taught 3D geometry using TAI were found better than ones taught using a conventional learning model.
The content of higher education internationalization policy: stakeholders’ insight of internationalization of higher education
Authors: Kusumawati Noni Srijati , Nurhaeni Ismi , Nugroho Rino
Published: November 2020

The internationalization of higher education creates certain quality standards. All stakeholders must be involved and work together so that the internationalization of higher education can be successful. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of higher education internationalization policy content from an internal stakeholder perspective. Policy content consists of the interests affected, the type of benefits, the target of change, the program implementer, the location of decision making, and resources. This study used a qualitative approach with case studies. The research site is Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Data collection techniques are interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique is a thematic analysis. The validity of the data is done with credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results show that (1) there is a conflict of interest between stakeholders in the implementation of internationalization in universities, (2) there are short-term and long-term benefits of implementing internationalization of PT; (3) PT's internationalization change target is contained in the Business Plan; (4) The farther away the decision-maker is, the more hindering the internationalization of PT; (5) Implementers of the internationalization program are chosen based on consideration of study experience abroad; (6) PT's human resources, financial resources, and infrastructure are still limited in supporting internationalization.
Proposing a model of critical literacy program for fostering Indonesian EFL students’ critical thinking skills
Authors: Kurniawati Nia , Sugaryamah Deuis , Hasanah Aan
Published: November 2020

This study was intended to depict how Critical Literacy Pedagogy (CLP) principles were incorporated in EFL reading class in Indonesian secondary school and the students’ Critical Thinking (CT) were fostered during learning process.  This study was a classroom practice-based model of how the principles were transferred into the detailed teaching syntax in an Islamic senior high school in West Java Indonesia.  As a case study elaborating how a phenomenon happened, this study explored teaching steps, teacher-students dialogues, questions and the way the questions posed reflecting students’ CT skills, and students’ engagement in the learning process. The use of Indonesian folklores containing controversy predicted to enable students develop their thinking skills became novelty of the study. In addition, three times interventions were designed in which each intervention consisted of (a) teaching critical thinking concept explicitly and implicitly, (b) seven steps of teaching reading procedure incorporating CLP principles (explaining author’s purpose, activating students’ prior knowledge, reading text loudly, discussing text in group, exploring the text in class activities in which Critical Literacy Questions and CT Questions are incorporated, answering comprehension questions in group, and reflection, and (c) CT skills discussion. This study provides an alternative model of teaching CT in Indonesia context.
Comparative analysis of the results of multigrade and singlegrade classes based on indicators of educational productivity and efficiency: A case study of Bandar Abbas city primary and secondary schools
Authors: Motamedi Vahid , Khajouie Fateme
Published: November 2020

Research on multigradein comparison to singlegradeclasses often overlooksthe issues and challenges facing the nation's educational authorities in administering these classes. The purpose of this study was to compare multi and singlegrade classes in terms of educational efficiency and effectiveness. The population of this study consisted of all students, parents, teachers and principals of schools in Bandar Abbas city in the academic year 2017-18. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect educational productivity data. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between self-esteem of the two groups of students but in terms of social skills and social development, students in the multigrades classes were better off. In terms of educational efficacy, singlegrade student's survival rate was better but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of promotion and repetition rate.
The language attitude of Islamic boarding school students toward English
Authors: Ratnadewi Dwijani , Utami Eka , Yunianti Sofi
Published: November 2020

Language attitude study has proven to reveal students’ success and failure in learning language. Attitude is not innate, but learned. Students learn to grow and improve their positive language attitudes towards foreign languages through certain programs at schools. The aim of this research is to investigate the language attitude of students in an Indonesian Islamic boarding school towards English as a foreign Language and to describe why they have the attitude. The respondents were 49 students of 2nd grade of senior high school classes from HAC (High-Achieving Class) and LAC (Low-Achieving Class). The design of this research was mixed method using explanatory sequential design. To obtain the data, the instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of cognitive, affective and conative components of language attitudes. Interview was carried out to acquire the reason the students had the attitudes. The finding was both HAC and LAC students’ language attitudes were mostly positive (91.83%) in cognitive, affective and conative language attitudes. Some (8.17%) had different language attitudes. They showed positive language attitudes, but acquired low scores and showed negative language attitudes, but acquired high scores. The interview revealed this phenomenon.
South African twelfth grade students’ conceptions regarding Electrochemistry
Authors: Amponsah Kwaku Darko
Published: November 2020

This current study explored twelfth-grade students' conceptions regarding electrochemistry in the Ximhungwe circuit of the Bohlabela district in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The sequential explanatory design was used to gather and analyse quantitative data first before gathering and analysing qualitative data for the current study. In the 2015 academic year, a sample of 10 twelfth-grade physical sciences students from four intact science public high schools was conveniently selected to participate in the current study after analysing the results of the quantitative data. Thirteen questions in which at least 30% of students showed misconceptions were selected for the interview. The result of the interviews indicated that students in the experimental group (EG) had more accurate concepts related to the function of the salt bridge in galvanic cells and the concept of electrical neutrality of anodes and cathodes compared to the control group (CG). Both the EG and the CG had the same viewpoints related to oxidation numbers, electrode potential, Emf calculations, and the identity of electrodes in galvanic cells and electrolytic cells when the placement of the electrodes was altered. However, students in both groups had limited knowledge about electrolytic cells, although the CG had more limited comprehension. It was recommended that educators teach concepts as much as they teach algorithms.
Availability and utilization of e-learning facilities in the teaching of Senior School Physics in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Akanbi Abdulrasaq Oladimeji
Published: November 2020

The study was intended to examine the utilization as well as the availability of E-learning facilities in the teaching of senior school physics in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study was a survey type and all physics teachers constitute the population. A total of 60 teachers was sampled for the study. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 20 out of 35 secondary schools. Two structured checklists were used to collect data. Percentage and mean were used to answer the research questions while ANOVA was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding revealed that printers, photocopying machine, desktop computers, laptop computers, Android phones, electronic typewriters and scanners were available, E-learning facilities were not utilized, there is no significant difference in the utilization of E-learning facilities for teaching physics based on teachers’ qualifications and experience. It was then recommended that physics teachers should be given proper training on how to use as well as maintain E-learning facilities in their various schools in order to equip them with the necessary skills, knowledge and values that will enable them optimize teaching in a fast changing world.
Teachers’ classroom instruction reinforcement strategies in english language class
Authors: Fitriati Sri Wuli , Fatmala Devi , Anjaniputra Agung Ginanjar
Published: November 2020

In the context of this study, reinforcement is an act of teachers to strengthenvstudents’ positive behaviour in learning English in the classroom. This qualitative case study was a classroom discourse which employed necessary quantification. The aim was to investigate the use of classroom instruction reinforcement strategies by two English language teachers and their perceptions at a state secondary school in Semarang in the academic year of 2019. The two English teachers were observed in five different lessons. The teachers were interviewed to explore their perceptions of using reinforcement in the classroom. The instruments of this study were observation sheet, interview guideline, and audio-video recordings. The findings showed that the teachers reinforced the students in three types of classroom instruction reinforcement. The three types of reinforcement strategies were: praise or other verbal reinforcement, tangible rewards, and token rewards. The reinforcement strategy mostly used was praise, followed by tangible rewards and token rewards. Based on the interviews, the teachers perceived that giving positive reinforcement to the students was important. The findings suggest the teachers implement the reinforcement strategies fairly to increase teacher-students interaction.
Mini-seminar project: An authentic assessment practice in speaking class for advanced students
Authors: Daud Afrianto , Chowdhury Raqib , Mahdum Mahdum , Mustafa M. Nur
Published: November 2020

This paper reports one best-practice in assessing the public speaking performance of advanced students at an Indonesian public university. The study involves an English course for an advanced class which was primarily related to public speaking skills. Considering that speaking is a productive skill that should be assessed through authentic assessment principles, the lecturers decided to assign the students with a mini-seminar project as part of their final examination. This project required the students to conduct a real-life contextualised seminar in which the organisers, speakers, and audience are composed of the students themselves. This paper discusses the rationale behind the planning and implementation of this successful project which involved a synthesis of assessment of, for, and as learning and critically evaluates the procedures of the assessment, the rubric developed therein, and the challenges experienced by the lecturers within the classroom. After the implementation, it can be concluded that this mini-seminar project as a doable alternative authentic assessment model that is applcable in a speaking class which focuses on the development of students’ public speaking skills. This mini-seminar project is recommended not only because it can be used as an alternative assessment model, but also it encourages students to work together in teams, and encourage them to work creatively, create something new in order to perform better.
Galen’s Surgical Commentaries in Oribasius’ Collectiones medicae
Authors: Raiola Tommaso
Published: November 2020

In books 46–49 of the Collectiones medicae, Oribasius collects a remarkable number of text excerpts, varying in size, from Galen’s commentaries on Hippocrates’ surgical treatises (In the surgery, On fractures, and On joints). Besides being a witness of indirect tradition for the surviving Greek text of the commentaries, these excerpts offer good overall specimens of Oribasius’ writing method. The paper analyzes some significant examples, in order to highlight Oribasius’ compilatory technique and the strategies he adopted to overcome the difficulties in building a continuous text moving from a non-continuous one.
Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
Authors: MANTELATTO FERNANDO L. , TAMBURUS ANA FRANCISCA , MAGALHÃES TATIANA , BURANELLI RAQUEL C. , TEROSSI MARIANA , NEGRI MARIANA , CASTILHO ANTONIO L. , COSTA ROGÉRIO C. , ZARA FERNANDO J.
Published: November 2020

This checklist is the third part of a series derived from a long-term multidisciplinary project on the biodiversity of decapod crustaceans from marine and coastal environments of São Paulo state (Brazil). We integrated molecular techniques (DNA markers) and morphological analyses of adult specimens for accurate identifications. We compilated 185 species from the literature, but we confirmed the presence of 168 species: 130 of which we sampled, analyzed and obtained sequences (COI and/or 16S totalizing 113 sequences) and 38 that were not directly collected but were confirmed by analyses. In addition, 27 had their distribution removed from São Paulo due to uncertainties, and absence of material as voucher. Five species were reported for the first time on the coast of São Paulo (Calappa ocellata, Neohelice granulata, Teleophrys pococki, Teramnonotus monodi, Tetraxanthus rathbunae) and one on the Brazilian coast (Pseudomedaeus agassizi). Most of the non-sampled species previously reported on the coast of São Paulo might be considered doubtful records stablished in the past by inaccurate analyses, which assumed extended distribution to the area and/or misidentifications. At this time and based on our refined compilation, we can estimate the brachyuran diversity on the coast of São Paulo in 168 species. This detailed inventory contributes to the knowledge on the local decapod fauna by checking available dataset, adding new species records in São Paulo and new sequences to GenBank database. These data may serve as baseline for future identifications and studies on conservation, population genetics, biogeography and phylogenetics, which might flag species that deserve further investigations and concerns.
Developing Relationship Among Risk Factors and Project Factors for Large Scale Healthcare Applications
Authors: Tahir Sabeen , Shahzad Basit , Bakhsh Sheikh Tahir , Basheri Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The impact and probability of healthcare software risks are widely discussed in software risk management. The identification of healthcare software risk factor will not be useful without measuring its impact and probability. The impact filed determines the damage level of the risk factors
if it appears, while the probability determines how probable is the existence of that risk. The risks of having high probability and higher impact levels have to be addressed urgently. The orientation of the risks takes place in response to unbalanced resource allocation. Establishing an association
among the project factors and risk factors helps in gaining more effective control of the resource allocation to the healthcare application development. This paper identifies the conceptual and numerical association between the project factors and risk factors by conducting a mixed-method
research analysis to optimize the resource allocation and reduce (eliminate) the software risks in large scale healthcare applications. The resultant associations between the project factors and risk factors are categorized as weak or strong based on the resultant data of this study and can
be used as a guideline document for developing the large scale healthcare systems.
The Relative Contributions of Temperature and Moisture to Heat Stress Changes under Warming
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J.
Published: November 2020

Increases in the severity of heat stress extremes are potentially one of the most impactful consequences of climate change, affecting human comfort, productivity, health, and mortality in many places on Earth. Heat stress results from a combination of elevated temperature and humidity, but the relative contributions of each of these to heat stress changes have yet to be quantified. Here, conditions for the baseline specific humidity are derived for when specific humidity or temperature dominates heat stress changes, as measured using the equivalent potential temperature (θE). Separate conditions are derived over ocean and over land, in addition to a condition for when relative humidity changes make a larger contribution than the Clausius–Clapeyron response at fixed relative humidity. These conditions are used to interpret the θE responses in transient warming simulations with an ensemble of models participating in phase 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project. The regional pattern of θE changes is shown to be largely determined by the pattern of specific humidity changes, with the pattern of temperature changes playing a secondary role. This holds whether considering changes in seasonal-mean θE or in extreme (98th-percentile) θE events, and uncertainty in the response of specific humidity to warming is shown to be the leading source of uncertainty in the θE response at most land locations. Finally, analysis of ERA5 data demonstrates that the pattern of observed θE changes is also well explained by the pattern of specific humidity changes. These results demonstrate that understanding regional changes in specific humidity is largely sufficient for understanding regional changes in heat stress.
Students’ Activity in an Online Learning Environment for Mathematics: The Role of Thinking Levels
Authors: Haleva Livnat , Hershkovitz Arnon , Tabach Michal
Published: November 2020

Understanding students’ behavior while solving tasks at various levels is essential for the support educators may provide to students. The current study reports on a large-scale exploration of students' activity in an online learning environment for mathematics, while comparing between lower-order thinking (LOT) and higher-order thinking (HOT) applets, and between grade levels. We analyzed log files of N = 32,581 5th- and 6th-grade students from all over Israel (a full sample of users in the studied platform), specifically comparing scores, completion rates, completion times, and repetition levels in LOT and HOT applets. Using within-subject and between-subject t tests, we found that students' performance and completion rate on the LOT applets were overall higher than those of the HOT applets, which, combined with other findings, may point to meta-cognitive or motivational processes involved. We also point out to the high rates of students' manipulation of the system in a way that allow them to increase their score. Finally, we found that the various measures we used to characterize students' online activity are not necessarily strongly correlated with each other. These findings will help teachers to take informed decisions regarding the incorporation of digital learning environments in their classrooms.
A Precision 96 Channel Dispenser for Microchemical Techniques
Authors: Stanchfield J. , Wright D. , Hsu S. , Lamsa M. , Robbins A.
Published: November 2020

A new automated 96 channel microdispenser is described for precise, high speed dispensing of microliter volumes of reagents. The Hydra 96™ is a programmable instrument composed of 96 glass syringes arrayed in microplate format that fill and dispense in unison under computer control. Studies show the instrument has less than a 2% coefficient of variance (C.V.) across the syringe array when dispensing between 0.5–20.0 μl of reagent. Blot hybridization studies demonstrate a simple rinsing protocol using 2% bleach efficiently cleans the system of DNA preventing downstream sample contamination without affecting subsequent PCR reactions. Current uses of the instrument in assembling microassays used in large scale genetic mapping and sequencing projects and compound library screening are discussed.
Zur Legitimationsfunktion neuer Produktions- und Organisationskonzepte für das Personalmanagement
Authors: Elšik Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Im Zusammenhang mit Konzepten wie Lean Management. Total Quality Management oder Business Process Reengineering werden personalwirtschaftliche Fragen in der Regel aus einer Implementierungsperspektive gestellt und diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag kehrt diese Perspektive um und fragt, welche Funktion diese Produktions- und Organisationskonzepte im Hinblick auf die Legitimität des Personalmanagements erfüllen können. Auf der Basis des organisationstheoretischen Neo-Institutionalismus und der Diskussion zur organisationalen Legitimität wird argumentiert, daß diese Managementkonzepte Rationalitätsmythen darstellen, welche dem vorwiegend im mehrdeutigen, symbolischen Kontext agierenden Personalmanagement zur Schaffung und Bewahrung seiner erforderlichen Legitimität dienen können.
Direkte versus indirekte Leistungsanreize - eine kritische Diskussion der traditionellen ökonomischen Anreiztheorie
Authors: Kräkel Matthias
Published: November 2020

Im Zentrum der traditionellen ökonomischen Anreiztheorie stehen direkte erfolgsabhängige Entlohnungssysteme, bei denen die Leistung eines Arbeitnehmers unmittelbar nach Ablauf der Leistungsperiode entgolten wird. Dieser traditionelle Ansatz greift jedoch in dem Sinne zu kurz, daß all jene empirischen Befunde nicht erklärt werden können, die belegen, daß Arbeitgeber regelmäßig Karriereanreize als personalpolitisches Instrument einsetzen. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll versucht werden, den traditionellen Ansatz um drei wesentliche Aspekte zu erweitern, um auf diese Weise die stilisierten Fakten über die Verwendung der betrieblichen Karrierepolitik als Anreizinstrument erklären zu können.
Die Ausrichtung der Funktionalstrategie-Personal an der Koevolution von Wertkette und Kernfähigkeiten
Authors: Gutschelhofer Alfred
Published: November 2020

Durch eine prozessual ausgerichtete Personalstrategie soll die interaktive Entwicklung von Wertkette und Kernfähigkeiten mitgestaltet werden. Die Wertkette bietet einen guten Bezugsrahmen zur Gestaltung des strategischen Personalmanagements, um in einer sehr frühen Phase in den strategischen Managementprozeß einzugreifen und dennoch in flexibler Form die traditionellen Instrumente zu integrieren. Die aufflammende Paradigmendiskussion zur ressourcenorientierten Sicht im strategischen Management gibt dem Humanressourcenmanagement eine Möglichkeit, einige Akzeptanzschwellen zu überwinden, um tatsächlich eine fähigkeitenorientierte Strategie zu entwickeln.
Führung und Zusammenarbeit - Grundlagen innerorganisatorischer Beziehungsgestaltung
Authors: Wunderer Rolf
Published: November 2020

Der Beitrag will grundsätzliche Aspekte von Führung und Kooperation in Organisationen ansprechen. Dazu gehören übergeordnete Steuerungsansätze, die Charakteri-sierung der Führung über eine strukturelle und interaktionelle Dimension, die unternehmerische Orientierung möglichst vieler Mitarbeiter. Weitere Elemente sind der Wertschöpfungs- und Wertkettenansatz, die Ausrichtung an wesentlichen Bezugsgruppen, auch unter einem umfassenden Qualitätsmanagement. Schließlich werden acht zentrale Prinzipien im Rahmen von vier Komponenten vorgeschlagen, die ein allgemeines Konzept der Mitarbeiterführung bilden sollen (vgl. Abb. 1).
Fremdorganisierte Selbstorganisation. Eine soziologische Diskussion aktueller Managementkonzepte
Authors: Pongratz Hans J. , Voß G. Günter
Published: November 2020

Aktuelle Managementkonzepte weisen als Selbstreflexionen der industriellen Praxis auf gravierende Umbrüche im Selbstverständnis des Managementhandelns hin. Mit dem Grundprinzip selbstorganisierter Arbeitsprozesse versprechen sie einfache Lösungen klassischer Organisationsprobleme. In dem Aufsatz werden aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht bisher vernachlässigte Ambivalenzen und Schwierigkeiten einer vom Management verordneten (also fremdorganisierten) Selbstorganisation herausgearbeitet.

Selbstorganisation bleibt als Managementstrategie eingebunden in den Interessengegensatz von betrieblicher Kontrolle und Autonomieanspruch der Arbeitskräfte - eine Herrschaftstechnik zur Erschließung weiterer Leistungspotentiale der Arbeitnehmer. Die daraus resultierenden neuen Machtungleichgewichte erfordern permanente kontroverse Aushandlungsprozesse. Das Management steht vor ungewohnten Anforderungen: Selbstorganisation erfordert ein Steuerungshandeln, welches Unsicherheit zuläßt und reflektiert damit umgeht -eine Art ‘postheroischen Managements ‘, welches den selbstbewußten Zweifel und den reflektierten Skeptizismus kultiviert.
EDV-vernetzte Arbeitsplätze und deren Einfluß auf die Kommunikation und Kooperation von Sekretärin und Führungskraft
Authors: Rother-Neumann Bettina , Spieß Erika
Published: November 2020

In 22 qualitativen Paarinterviews mit Führungskräften und Sekretärinnen bzw. Assistentinnen wird der Einfluß neuer Technologien (EDV-vernetzte Arbeitsplätze) auf die Kooperation und Kommunikation bei Führungskräften und Sekretärinnen untersucht. Vor allem von den Führungskräften wird die Kommunikationsverbesserung durch EMail betont. Sekretärinnen hingegen erleiden vielfach einen Informationsverlust, da Führungskräfte durch E-Mail die Korrespondenz weitgehend alleine erledigen. Durch die neue Technologie verliert ein bisher grundlegendes Kriterium des Sekretärinnenberufes - die schreibtechnische Qualifikation - an Bedeutung. Es findet eine Abkoppelung der Sekretärin von Informationsflüssen statt, die jedoch in einigen Fällen durch eine Intensivierung informeller Kontake ausgeglichen wird. Als Chance für den Sekretärinnen-Beruf wird deren zunehmende Sachkompetenz und fachliche Qualifikation gesehen.
Wie Manager und Betriebsräte bei der Entwicklung und Einführung betrieblicher Entlohnungssysteme miteinander umgehen
Authors: von Eckardstein Dudo
Published: November 2020

Der Autor referiert die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Studie über die Ausprägungen der Kooperation zwischen Management und Betriebrat bei der Entwicklung betrieblicher Entlohnungsmodelle in Österreich. Folgende Muster werden herausgestellt: Co-Management, Experten-Modell, Zwei-Parteien-Modell. Die Leistungen und Probleme dieser Muster werden beschrieben. Abschließend diskutiert der Verfasser Konsequenzen der Ergebnisse für die Gestaltung der Beziehungen zwischen Management und Betriebsrat und für die betriebliche Mitbestimmung.
Haustarifverträge im Spannungsfeld der Interessen betrieblicher Akteure: Veränderte Rolle für Betriebsräte
Authors: Dentz Werner
Published: November 2020

Flexibilität wird als Allheilmittel angesehen zur Rettung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland. Sie soll die Unternehmen in die Lage versetzen, rasch auf Änderungen der Nachfrage und der Nachfragestrukturen reagieren zu können. Löhne, Gehälter, Lohnzusatzleistungen, Lage und Dauer der Arbeitszeit sollen sich flexibel an die Situation des Unternehmens anpassen können. Um diese Flexibilität zu erreichen, wollen die Unternehmen Verträge über die Arbeitsbeziehungen am liebsten allein mit „ihren” Betriebsräten aushandeln, anstatt sich an starre Flächentarifverträge halten zu müssen. In diesem Artikel soll aus der Praxis und vom Standpunkt eines Betriebsratsmitglieds aus untersucht werden, ob Betriebsratsgremien überhaupt wünschen, in die Rolle von Tarifparteien gedrängt zu werden, um Löhne und Gehälter, Arbeitsbedingungen und Arbeitszeiten mit „ihrer” Geschäftsführung auszuhandeln. Andererseits soll kritisch hinterfragt werden, ob Betriebsräte dieser Aufgabe auch gewachsen sind. Bieten sich Firmen- oder Haustarifverträge, wie am Beispiel der IBM Deutschland GmbH gezeigt, als Ausweg aus diesem Dilemma an?
Betriebsverfassung im Wandel – Strukturprobleme und Reformansätze
Authors: Gerum Elmar
Published: November 2020

Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die Leistungsfähigkeit des Betriebsverfassungsgesetzes 1972 in einer geänderten wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Umwelt zu überprüfen. Es ergeben sich zahlreiche binnenorganisatorische Probleme, die insbesondere aus dem zwingenden Organisationsrecht, dem Betriebsbegriff, einer unzweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung des Entscheidungsprozesses und der Entscheidungsinhalte resultieren. Weiter vermag das Betriebsverfassungsrecht die negativen Folgen interorganisationaler Kooperationen für die Interessenvertretung der Arbeitnehmer nicht zu kompensieren. Dies gibt Veranlassung, Leitideen für eine Reform der Betriebsverfassung zu entwikkeln.
Personalbeschaffung durch Mitarbeiter, Selbstselektion und Vetternwirtschaft
Authors: Winter Stefan
Published: November 2020

Im Rahmen der Personalrekrutierung werden formelle und informelle Rekrutierungswege unterschieden. Die bisherige empirische Forschung legt die Vermutung nahe, daß Mitarbeiter, die über informelle Wege gewonnen werden, hinsichtlich einiger Eigenschaften „besser” sind, als Mitarbeiter, die über formelle Wege gewonnen werden. Hierauf aufbauend wird ein Anreizmechanismus vorgeschlagen, der die bereits beschäftigten Mitarbeiter dazu motivieren soll, neue Mitarbeiter auf informellen Wegen anzuwerben. In einem Modell wird gezeigt, daß hierdurch das Matching von neuen Mitarbeitern und den Anforderungen im Unternehmen verbessert werden kann.
Aufgaben des Personalmanagements im Rahmen der Internationalisierung der Unternehmungstätigkeit
Authors: Scherm Ewald
Published: November 2020

Die Internationalisierung der (deutschen) Unternehmungen hat inzwischen einen erheblichen Umfang erreicht. Den damit verbundenen personalwirtschaftlichen Problemen wird aber zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Das vorrangige Interesse gilt immer noch dem Auslandseinsatz von (Stammhaus-)Mitarbeitern. Dieser Problemkreis wird vor dem Hintergrund der Internationalisierungsstrategien betrachtet, die auf das E.P.R. G. -Schema Perlmutters zurückgehen und den relevanten Kontext sehr stark verkürzen. Hier soll deshalb deutlich gemacht werden, daß die Berücksichtigung der Umwelt für personalwirtschaftliche Entscheidungen eine besondere Bedeutung hat und sich die unternehmungsinternen Rahmenbedingungen differenzierter darstellen, als die strategieorientierte Sichtweise auf den ersten Blick vermuten läßt. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt, daß von einer Internationalisierung nicht nur einige wenige Führungskräfte, sondern große Teile des Personals betroffen sind und deshalb nahezu die gesamte Bandbreite personalwirtschaftlicher Aufgaben in integrativer, aber auch situativ differenzierter Form gelöst werden muß.
Incidence of VTE in asymptomatic children with deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tormene Daniela , Campello Elena , Simion Chiara , Turatti Giacomo , Marobin Michelangelo , Radu Claudia Maria , Pontarin Anna , Prandoni Paolo , Simioni Paolo
Published: November 2020

Although antithrombin, protein C, and protein S defects are well-recognized inherited risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults, whether they predispose children to these vascular disorders as well is undefined. In a prospective cohort study, we assessed the incidence of spontaneous and risk period–related VTE in children who were family members of adults who, after an episode of symptomatic VTE, had then been identified as carriers of these abnormalities. A total of 134 children from 87 families were enrolled. Seventy (51.5%) of these children were carriers of an inherited defect, and the remaining 64 were not; the mean observation period was 4 years (range, 1-16 years) and 3.9 years (range, 1-13), respectively. Sixteen risk periods were experienced by carriers, and 9 by noncarriers. Six VTE occurred in the 70 carriers during 287 observation-years, accounting for an annual incidence of 2.09% patient-years (95% confidence interval, 0.8-4.5), compared with none in the 64 noncarriers during 248 observation-years. Of the 14 children with thrombophilia who experienced a risk period for thrombosis, 4 (28.6%) developed a VTE episode. The overall incidence of risk-related VTE was 25% per risk period (95% confidence interval, 6.8-64). In conclusion, the thrombotic risk in otherwise healthy children with severe inherited thrombophilia does not seem to differ from that reported for adults with the same defects. Screening for thrombophilia in children who belong to families with these defects seems justified to identify those who may benefit from thromboprophylaxis during risk periods for thrombosis.
Controlledversusfree breathing for multiple breath nitrogen washout in healthy adults
Authors: Handley Blake M. , Jeagal Edward , Schoeffel Robin E. , Badal Tanya , Chapman David G. , Farrow Catherine E. , King Gregory G. , Robinson Paul D. , Milne Stephen , Thamrin Cindy
Published: November 2020

Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) quantifies ventilation heterogeneity. Two distinct protocols are currently used for MBNW testing: “controlled breathing”, with targeted tidal volume (VT) and respiratory rate (RR); and “free breathing”, with no constraints on breathing pattern. Indices derived from the two protocols (functional residual capacity (FRC), lung clearance index (LCI),Scond,Sacin) have not been directly compared in adults. We aimed to determine whether MBNW indices are comparable between protocols, to identify factors underlying any between-protocol differences and to determine the between-session variabilities of each protocol.

We performed MBNW testing by both protocols in 27 healthy adult volunteers, applying the currently proposed correction forVTtoScondandSacinderived from free breathing. To establish between-session variability, we repeated testing in 15 volunteers within 3 months.

While FRC was comparable between controlledversusfree breathing 2.92 (0.86)versus2.94 (0.89) L, p=0.75), indices of ventilation heterogeneity derived from the two protocols were not, with poor correlation forScond(r=0.18, p=0.36) and significant bias forSacin(0.057 (0.021) L−1versus0.085 (0.038) L−1, p=0.0004). Between-protocol differences inSacinwere related to differences in the breathing pattern,i.e. VT(p=0.004) and RR (p=0.01), rather than FRC. FRC and LCI showed good between-session repeatability, butScondandSacinfrom free breathing showed poor repeatability with wide limits of agreement.

These findings have implications for the ongoing clinical implementation of MBNW, as they demonstrate thatScondandSacinfrom free breathing, despiteVTcorrection, are not equivalent to the controlled breathing protocol. The poor between-session repeatability ofScondduring free breathing may limit its clinical utility.
Collaborative tuberculosis/HIV activities in the European Region
Authors: de Vries Gerard , van de Berg Sarah , van Dam Anke , Hasanova Sayohat , Pareek Manish , van der Werf Marieke J. , Podlekareva Daria N.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

An estimated 12% of tuberculosis (TB) patients are co-infected with HIV in the World Health Organization European Region (the Region). Reducing morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated TB requires strong collaboration between TB and HIV services at all levels with integrated people-centred models of care.

Methods

We collected information on the current models of integration of TB and HIV services in the Regionviaa comprehensive survey among the TB and HIV National Focal Points, and identified challenges and opportunities.

Results

47 out of 55 (85%) countries responded. HIV testing in all TB patients and screening for active TB in all people living with HIV (PLHIV) was recommended in 40 (85%) and 34 (72%) countries, respectively. 30 (64%) countries recommended latent TB infection (LTBI) screening in all PLHIV, while 13 (28%) had a selective approach and four (9%) did not recommend LTBI screening. In most countries, testing for HIV and screening for active TB and LTBI was done by the specialist treating the patient,i.e.TB patients were tested for HIV by a TB specialist in 42 (89%) countries and PLHIV were screened for active TB by an HIV specialist in 34 (72%) countries.

Conclusions

TB and HIV care are well integrated in policies of especially high TB and high HIV burden countries; however, implementation needs to be improved. Continuous monitoring of TB and HIV services integration enables assessing the quality of TB/HIV care and to identify where further improvements are needed.
New insights into the genetic diversity of the stone crayfish: taxonomic and conservation implications
Authors: Lovrenčić Leona , Bonassin Lena , Boštjančić Ljudevit Luka , Podnar Martina , Jelić Mišel , Klobučar Göran , Jaklič Martina , Slavevska-Stamenković Valentina , Hinić Jelena , Maguire Ivana
Published: November 2020

Background

Austropotamobius torrentiumis a freshwater crayfish species native to central and south-eastern Europe, with an intricate evolutionary history and the highest genetic diversity recorded in the northern-central Dinarides (NCD). Its populations are facing declines, both in number and size across its entire range. By extanding current knowledge on the genetic diversity of this species, we aim to assist conservation programmes. Multigene phylogenetic analyses were performed using different divergence time estimates based on mitochondrial and, for the first time, nuclear DNA markers on the largest data set analysed so far. In order to reassess taxonomic relationships within this species we applied several species delimitation methods and studied the meristic characters with the intention of finding features that would clearly separate stone crayfish belonging to different phylogroups.

Results

Our results confirmed the existence of high genetic diversity withinA. torrentium, maintained in divergent phylogroups which have their own evolutionary dynamics. A new phylogroup in the Kordun region belonging to NCD has also been discovered. Due to the incongruence between implemented species delimitation approaches and the lack of any morphological characters conserved within lineages, we are of the opinion that phylogroups recovered on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are cryptic subspecies and distinct evolutionary significant units.

Conclusions

Geographically and genetically isolated phylogroups represent the evolutionary legacy ofA. torrentiumand are highly relevant for conservation due to their evolutionary distinctiveness and restricted distribution.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of mixed Candida albicans/bacterial bloodstream infections
Authors: Zhong Li , Zhang Shufang , Tang Kankai , Zhou Feifei , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Kai , Cai Jiachang , Zhou Hongwei , Wang Yesong , Tian Baoping , Zhang Zhaocai , Cui Wei , Dong Zhaohui , Zhang Gensheng
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of mixed Candida albicans/bacterial bloodstream infections (mixed-CA/B-BSIs) compared with monomicrobial Candida albicans bloodstream infection (mono-CA-BSI) in adult patients in China.

Methods

All hospitalized adults with Candida albicans bloodstream infection (CA-BSI) were recruited for this retrospective observational study from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018.

Results

Of the 117 patients with CA-BSI, 24 patients (20.5%) had mixed-CA/B-BSIs. The most common copathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) (24.0%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.0%). In the multivariable analysis, a prior ICU stay > 2 days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.445; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152–48.132) was an independent risk factor for mixed-CA/B-BSIs. Compared with patients with mono-CA-BSI, patients with mixed-CA/B-BSIs had a prolonged length of mechanical ventilation [17.5 (4.5, 34.8) vs. 3.0 (0.0, 24.5), p = 0.019] and prolonged length of ICU stay [22.0 (14.3, 42.2) vs. 8.0 (0.0, 31.5), p = 0.010]; however, mortality was not significantly different.

Conclusions

There was a high rate of mixed-CA/B-BSIs cases among CA-BSI cases, and CNS was the predominant coexisting species. A prior ICU stay > 2 days was an independent risk factor for mixed -CA/B-BSIs. Although there was no difference in mortality, the outcomes of patients with mixed -CA/B-BSIs, including prolonged length of mechanical ventilation and prolonged length of ICU stay, were worse than those with mono-CA-BSI; this deserves further attention from clinicians.
The role of UGT1A1 (c.-3279 T > G) gene polymorphisms in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia susceptibility
Authors: Li Zijin , Song Li , Hao Lihong
Published: November 2020

Background

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) is a common disease in newborns. This research study aimed to assess the associations between uridine diphospho-glucuronate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1, c.-3279 T > G) polymorphisms and NNH risk.

Methods

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Embase electronic databases. All published eligible studies before July 1, 2019, were searched for this meta-analysis.

Results

We identified 7 independent studies including 1560 cases. The data showed that in the general population, compared with the GT + GG vs TT and GG vs TT, c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) was significantly related to a higher NNH risk (GG vs TT: OR = 1.865, 95% CI: 1.031–3.373, P = 0.039; GT + GG vs TT: OR = 1.331, 95% CI: 1.055–1.679, P = 0.016). Although not statistically significant, the data showed that c.3279 T > G had a tendency to be associated with NNH under the allele model and GG vs GT + TT in the overall population (G vs T: OR = 1.288, 95% CI: 0.982–1.689, P = 0.067; GG vs TT + GT: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 0.947–2.647, P = 0.080).

Conclusion

The UGT1A1 gene c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) polymorphism increased susceptibility to NNH, especially for the comparison of GT + GG vs TT and GG vs TT. In the future, we can use homozygous state of the UGT1A1 gene c.-3279 T > G (rs4124874) polymorphism for the diagnosis and screening of molecular biomarkers in NNH patients.
Validation of the Greek version of the distress thermometer compared to the clinical interview for depression
Authors: Kyranou M. , Varvara C. , Papathanasiou M. , Diakogiannis Ι. , Zafeiropoulos K. , Apostolidis M. , Papandreou C. , Syngelakis M.
Published: November 2020

Background

The Distress Thermometer (DT) is worldwide the most commonly used instrument for quick screening of emotional burden in patients with cancer. In order to validate the Greek version of the DT in the Greek population we aimed to explore the capacity of the DT to identify patients with comorbid depressive diagnosis.

Methods

We analyzed the routinely collected clinical data from 152 patients with cancer who had been evaluated by the consultation-liaison psychiatric service and had received a diagnosis of either depressive disorder or no psychiatric diagnosis. The score of the DT accompanied by the list of problems in the Problem List, the depression status, and the clinical and demographic characteristics entered the data sheet.

Results

The ROC analysis revealed that the DT achieved a significant discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.79. At a cut-off point of 4, the DT identified 85% of the patients with an ICD-10 depressive diagnosis (sensitivity) and 60% of the patients without a psychiatric diagnosis (specificity). The positive predictive value was 44%, the negative predictive value 92% and the diagnostic odd ratio 8.88. Fatigue and emotional difficulties were the most commonly reported problems by the patients.

Conclusion

The Greek version of the DT has a sufficient overall accuracy in classifying patients regarding the existence of depressive disorders, in the oncology setting. Therefore, it can be considered as a valid initial screening tool for depression in patients with cancer; patients scoring ≥4 should be assessed by a more thorough mental evaluation.
Quality of life and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phyo Aung Zaw Zaw , Freak-Poli Rosanne , Craig Heather , Gasevic Danijela , Stocks Nigel P. , Gonzalez-Chica David A. , Ryan Joanne
Published: November 2020

Background

Quality of life (QoL) is multi-dimensional concept of an individual’ general well-being status in relation to their value, environment, cultural and social context in which they live. This study aimed to quantitatively synthesise available evidence on the association between QoL and mortality in the general population.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted using three bibliographic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were studies that assessed QoL using standardized tools and examined mortality risk in a non-patient population. Qualitative data synthesis and meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed.

Results

Of 4184 articles identified, 47 were eligible for inclusion, involving approximately 1,200,000 participants. Studies were highly heterogeneous in terms of QoL measures, population characteristics and data analysis. In total, 43 studies (91.5%) reported that better QoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The results of four meta-analyses indicated that higher health-related QoL (HRQoL) is associated with lower mortality risk, which was consistent for overall HRQoL (HR 0.633, 95% CI: 0.514 to 0.780), physical function (HR 0.987, 95% CI: 0.982 to 0.992), physical component score (OR 0.950, 95% CI: 0.935 to 0.965), and mental component score (OR 0.980, 95% CI: 0.969 to 0.992).

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence that better QoL/HRQoL was associated with lower mortality risk. The utility of these measures in predicting mortality risk indicates that they should be considered further as potential screening tools in general clinical practice, beyond the traditional objective measures such as body mass index and the results of laboratory tests.