bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disciplinar com disciplina: aperfeiçoando a metodologia sancionatória da PMERJ
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo S. da , Cunha Anderson Serejo , Barbosa Jemison G. C.
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho analisa as regras de julgamento e dosagem das punições relativas ao Documento de Razões de Defesa (DRD), verificando a real adequação dessas normas aos princípios da isonomia e da proporcionalidade; aborda inadequações nas rotinas administrativas da PMERJ, que possuem relação direta com aquelas regras. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que permitiu mapear a metodologia sancionatória da PMERJ, seguida de uma pesquisa documental, onde foram coletados dados sobre os julgamentos dos DRD extraídos por três unidades da Corporação no ano de 2019. Após o tratamento dos dados, observou-se que as normas disciplinares da PMERJ carecem de ajustes, para que possam de adequar a princípios básicos do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Por este motivo, foi realizada uma segunda pesquisa bibliográfica, direcionada à busca de soluções para os óbices detectados na pesquisa documental. Como resultado dessa empreitada, foi possível desenvolver uma metodologia sancionatória pautada em critérios objetivos, capaz de auxiliar as autoridades competentes na complexa tarefa de julgar e punir.
O impacto da síndrome de Burnout na tropa da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PMERJ)
Authors: Cury Bianca Pimenta Reis , Santos Daniele Lisboa Ceperuelo , Pacheco Fernanda de Araújo Gomes , Fernandes Juliana Maria Esteves Iorio , Chaves Leandro Prado
Published: June 2022

A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) ou síndrome de esgotamento profissional é característica das profissões com um relacionamento interpessoal intenso, sob pressão e com responsabilidades constantes. Pode ocorrer em médicos, policiais, professores, entre outros, e como consequência leva à tensão emocional crônica, e ao excessivo e contínuo esforço pessoal. A rotina do policial militar do Rio de Janeiro é marcada por risco iminente, exposição ao perigo e estresse constantes, podendo levar ao surgimento de problemas de ordem física ou psicológica com o seu consequente esgotamento. A SB é de origem multifatorial e gera desordens psíquicas, físicas, sociais e laborais que afetam não somente o indivíduo, mas também a sua família, seus colegas de trabalho e a sua atividade de servir e proteger, comprometendo a manutenção da ordem e segurança públicas. Esse trabalho objetiva demonstrar e identificar possíveis fatores da SB relacionados às condições e a organização do trabalho dos policiais militares e seu impacto nas funções cognitivas, funcionais, pessoais e laborativas. Além da demonstração do que é a SB, suas causas e consequências e a importância de propostas de intervenções organizacionais preventivas com a finalidade de criar um ambiente de trabalho saudável à “Família Azul”. Foram realizadas a revisão bibliográfica da SB em policiais militares, e a coleta e análise de dados epidemiológicos e sociodemográficos nas unidades de trabalho da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro cruzando-se as variáveis com os fatores de burnout através do Maslach Burnout Inventory adaptado, e sugeridas propostas de melhoria na qualidade de vida.
Terapia assistida com animais para promoção e recuperação da saúde mental de policiais militares
Authors: Lima Alex Moreira de , Porto Ana Cristina Loivos , Aguiar Erika Alves de Sousa , Caula Pâmela Nascimento do Carmo , Viscardi Vanessa
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo, um dos requisitos para aprovação no Curso de Aperfeiçoamento de Oficiais do Quadro de Saúde da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, destaca os benefícios da Terapia Assistida com Cães e com Cavalos, além de demonstrar sua eficácia em ganhos de qualidade de vida e bem-estar em tratamento de doenças e no trato de questões emocionais e saúde mental. O intuito deste trabalho é apresentar a Terapia Assistida com Animais (TAA) como possibilidade de tratamento de saúde direcionado à promoção e recuperação da saúde mental dos policiais militares, a ser reconhecida e incluída nos serviços de saúde oferecidos através do Fundo de Saúde da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FUSPOM). Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em banco de dados, usando as palavras-chave. Os diversos artigos encontrados demonstraram a eficácia da TAA na recuperação da saúde mental dos que se submeteram ao tratamento. A partir dos resultados encontrados durante o estudo, sugere-se a implementação sistêmica da TAA como tratamento a ser oferecido aos policiais militares ativos.
Opgør med Victorianismen
Authors: Bonde Hans
Published: June 2022

Artiklen bygger på en omfattende brevsamling: “40 års elskovsbreve”, der beskriver det erotiske samliv mellem den – efter udgivelsen af gymnastikbogen Mit System i 1904 – verdensberømte gymnastikpædagog Jørgen (Peter) Müller og hans livsledsager Marie og meget mere om hverdagsliv og kropshistorie ikke mindst i 1890’erne.
Vold og Volde i et stormfuldt landskab
Authors: Daugbjerg Mads
Published: June 2022

Denne artikel fokuserer på de mange ruiner af bunkers fra Anden Verdenskrig, som stadig sætter deres præg på den jyske Vesterhavskyst. Dens anliggende er at undersøge denne tunge, komplekse og uafklarede kulturarv, der i dag er vokset sammen med kystlandskabets natur, i en nutids- og efterkrigsoptik. Empirisk materiale fra et nyligt forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt, der søgte at udnytte et af de tidligere tyske forsvarsanlæg på nye måder, suppleres med historiske eksempler og diskuteres i lyset af kulturteoretisk litteratur, der ikke alene ser bunkerne som historiske spor, men også som æstetisk-arkitektoniske strukturer med fortsat appel og fascinationskraft.
El proyecto europeo de interoperabilidad de receta electrónica. Una aproximación desde la experiencia del modelo español
Authors: Martínez Navarro Juan Alejandro
Published: June 2022

La posibilidad de un espacio europeo sin fronteras se asienta sobre el libre desplazamiento de ciudadanos entre los distintos Estados miembros que, a su vez, pivota sobre mecanismos elementales como la asistencia sanitaria transfronteriza. La Red de Sanidad electrónica o eHealth Network (eHN), que surge como un sistema vertebrador ante la ausencia de un sistema sanitario europeo, afronta el objetivo de implantar un modelo interoperable de receta electrónica a escala comunitaria. La Unión Europea ha formalizado un programa piloto que se estructura en torno a un complejo sistema de redes tecnológicas comunitarias y a partir de un modelo de interoperabilidad semántica esencial. A tal efecto, el proyecto se inicia bajo unos condicionantes que plantean importantes similitudes con el sistema de interoperabilidad de receta electrónica del Sistema Nacional de Salud español.
Contagious Sapiosexuality: Dreaming Conference Seduction as Ethics of Qualitative Research
Authors: Wolgemuth Jennifer R. , Marn Travis M.
Published: June 2022

In this paper we engage Baudrillard’s (1979/1990) writings on seduction to ‘dream up’ seduction as an ethical and generative-destructive force of qualitative research. Beginning with a dreamy conference seduction, we argue that seduction keeps us qualitative researchers thinking, moving, risking, and being passionate about our work and each other. As a playful, sometimes frivolous, yet deeply terrifying process, seduction moves us beyond ourselves and into theoretical unknowns; enables us to risk ourselves in ethically listening to others’ truths. We show and argue that conferences can be ripe spaces for the spread of contagious sapiosexuality and urge qualitative researchers to experiment and play with conference seductions.
A Tale of Three Lives: The seductions of a Research Fellow, a Pallid Harrier and a Collared Dove
Authors: Rautio Pauliina
Published: June 2022

The objective of this paper is to bring into the open some of the often implicit and/or improper forces of various kinds of seductions in doing (post)qualitative inquiry. To ask how we view and understand ourselves as professionals and animals with a desire to breed. Whether we are seduced by our own reflections or by the phenomena calling to be transformed – or always both.
Impact of sarcopenia on intertrochanteric femoral fracture in the elderly
Authors: Jiang Shunli , Ding Yu , Kang Lixing
Published: June 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skeletal sarcopenia on the prognosis of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly.

Methods

We collected information on 144 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture (FIF). The influence of sarcopenia on the chance of death was determined using binary Probit regression analysis. For additional analysis, the Chow test was utilized to select the best distinguishing node in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) score. We looked for characteristics that were linked to a higher probability of death and a poor IADL outcome within 1 year. The data collected above were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The internal calibration degree and model validity were assessed by GiViTI calibration.

Results

Sarcopenia, EuroQol-5D 1 month score, age, gender, and hypertension were identified as risk factors for death in older patients with FIF within a year by logistic regression analysis. Sarcopenia, psychotropics, BMI, and length of hospital stay were all found to be risk factors for poor IADL outcomes (P < 0.1). The calibration curves indicated that the anticipated and actual probabilities of these two models were very close. The study’s reliability coefficient was 0.671, showing a satisfactory level of reliability.

Conclusion

In elderly patients with FIF, sarcopenia, EuroQol-5D score, age, gender, and hypertension were risk factors for death; sarcopenia, hospital stay length, BMI were risk factors for poor quality of life.
Prevalence of Macroprolactinaemia by Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation Method: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Raghunath , Mukherjee Kheya , Mukherjee Kasturi , Bhattacharjee Debojyoti , Chowdhuri Shubho
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Macroprolactin, an immunoreactive molecule resulting from association of monomeric Prolactin (mPRL) and immunoglobulin G is a significant cause of misdiagnosis, unnecessary radiological investigation and treatment for hyperprolactinaemia. Data on its prevalence and clinical manifestation varies regionally. Case presentation can vary with assymptomatic cases to those with galactorrhea and irregular menses. Aim: To find the prevalence and clinical features associated with macroprolactin in cases of hyperprolactinaemia in hospital patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research and SSKM hospital, Kolkata, India, from November 2018 to April 2019. Serum samples were assayed for serum PRL levels in 1400 subjects by Chemiluminescence immunoassay (Immulite 1000 siemens) based on presenting symptoms of galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea and infertility. Serum PRL samples (n=240) above the manufacturer’s reference cut-off level (PRL ≥30 ng/mL) were obtained from patients with or without symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia. Retesting for PRL levels were done following precipitation of macroprolactin using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG, MW: 6000). Fourty cases with physiological causes of PRL excess, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, antidopaminergic drug intake, hepatorenal diseases and chest wall disorders were excluded. The results were expressed in terms of Mean±Standard Deviation (SD) and compared using student t-test. Results: Prevalence of macroprolactin was 16 (13.3%) out of 120 among true hyperprolactaemic cases (male=2; female, n=14) based on percentage recovery of PRL in post-PEG cases (Recovery Rate (RR) <40%). The mean pre-PEG and post-PEG values were 52.5 ng/mL and 19.2 ng/mL (RR: 36.5%; p-value <0.05), respectively. The mean pre PEG, PRL values were significantly lower in macroprolactaemic cases than those with true hyperprolactinaemia (52.5 ng/mL versus 74.57 ng/mL; p-value 0.038). Some of the Macro-PRL cases reported with complaints of galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularities and infertility. Conclusion: The results revealed a prevalence rate similar to those reported in other studies worldwide. Clinical features alone are an unreliable tool to distinguish between cases with true high PRL levels and macroprolactinaemia. Macro-PRL cases once diagnosed requires no extended endocrine review and long term management. Hence, in cases with high PRL levels discordant with clinical symptoms/radiological data routine PEG precipitation test is an inexpensive assay for initial screening for presence of macroprolactin and also monitoring of patients already started on dopamine agonists for hyperprolactinaemia of unknown aetiology.
Emergence of Drug Resistant Enterococcus Species from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Centre- A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Abimannan Gomathi Chitra , Ramakrishna Manjula Sidlagatta , Jeyamani Lavanya , Anbalagan Karthik , Ramalingam Aparna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections, among patients who are hospitalised. Enterococci are one of the frequent isolates among UTI patients, gaining considerable clinical importance, due to their escalating drug resistance, affecting debilitated patients or patients with prolonged hospital stay. Among Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) enterococci, glycopeptide-resistant enterococci are being increasingly reported. The intrinsic resistance of enterococci and their ability to acquire and disseminate antibiotic resistant genes to other organisms pose a challenge in the treatment of enterococcal infections with MDR. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of MDR, Extensively-Drug Resistant (XDR) and Pan-Drug Resistant (PDR) Enterococci spp. isolated from urine samples in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted to find the burden of drug resistant Enterococcus spp. in urine samples, analyse their antibiogram and patients’ socio-demographic information from January to December 2019. Records of microscopic observations to antibiogram of each isolate was noted down from the register for urine samples, and further analysed. The data was coded, verified, entered and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0. Results: The majority of patients 127 (20%) belonged to the age group of 21-30 years of age. Among 10,535 urine samples received, 635 culture isolates were identified as Enterococcus spp., of which 17.95%, 3.30% and 0.62% were identified as MDR, XDR and PDR enterococci, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility was found to be least for High Level Gentamicin (HLG) (66.14%), and penicillin (68.81%), followed by ampicillin (81.10%) and nitrofurantoin (86.40%). Twenty eight isolates (7.9%) were identified as Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE), 9 (2.5%) as linezolid resistant and 12 (3.4%) as linezolid intermediate enterococci. Conclusion: Identification and prevention of the alarming increase in MDR, XDR and PDR enterococci spp. is cardinal to prevent morbidity and mortality of affected patients. Analysis of antibiogram periodically, is important in selection of appropriate drugs to prevent the incoherent use of antibiotics.
Research Review of Agricultural Product Traceability System Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Zhou Gong-Jian
Published: June 2022

With the frequent occurrence of domestic agricultural product safety accidents in China, consumers' trust in the quality and supply chain of agricultural products is gradually declining. Traceability, as a production control system that can connect all links of product circulation and manage undirected tracking of products, is of great significance to guarantee the quality and safety of products. In the traditional traceability system, there are problems of asymmetry, inaccuracy, non-transparency and insecurity of information. Blockchain can provide powerful technical support for the construction of agricultural products traceability system by virtue of decentralization, transparency and openness, non-tamperability and distributed storage. Applying blockchain technology to agricultural products traceability can effectively protect the rights and interests of all members of the agricultural products supply chain and the general consumers. Based on the analysis of the concept and main features of blockchain, this paper summarizes the research and application progress of blockchain-based traceability system at home and abroad in recent years by studying the traceability mechanism of agricultural products. The advantages and challenges of the implementation of blockchain-based agricultural products traceability system are elaborated. It is hoped that this paper can provide useful references for the research and establishment of blockchain agricultural products traceability system.
Using Kurtosis for Selecting One-Sample T-Test or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Authors: Garren Steven T. , Davenport Grace H.
Published: June 2022

Aims / Objectives: To introduce a statistical test, which is a mixture of the one-sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and depends on the sample kurtosis, using data from a symmetric univariate distribution with finite variance.

Study Approach: Computer simulation of coverage probabilities and of power calculations from either the one-sample t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, based on kurtosis, using the statistical software R.

Methodology: Data are generated with differing sample sizes from the Normal, Uniform, student-t with small degrees of freedom, and Laplace distributions. Coverage probabilities and power calculations are compared using the one-sample t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and three proposed mixture tests which select the one-sample t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test based on the sample kurtosis being significantly low or significantly high or either. Nonstandard values of t, the probability of a Type I error, are selected to account for the discrete nature of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, allowing fair comparisons among the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the t-test, and the three mixture tests.

Results: The false positive rate and power calculations are simulated for these nine distributions for both two-sided and one-sided tests, allowing comparisons among these five testing procedures.

Conclusion: When a small dataset is sampled from a symmetric distribution, then in comparison to the t-test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is equal in preference for the Normal distribution and is in fact more preferable for the non-Normal distributions tested herein. For small sample sizes, the mixture test based on high kurtosis is preferred over the t-test, but otherwise the t-test is preferred over all three mixture tests.
Effect of Different Nutrient Management Sources on the Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Sex Expression of the Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria L.] c. v. BBOG-3-1
Authors: Pathak Menka , Dash Sunil Kumar , Sahu Gouri Shankar , Tripathy Pradyumna , Mishra Antaryami , Nayak Rabindra kumar
Published: June 2022

A field research was carried out in the Department of Vegetable Science, Odisha University of Agricultural and Technology (OUAT), India, during the 2018 kharif season to investigate the impact of various   sources of nutrient management on the vegetative growth and flowering of Kharif Season Bottle Gourd. The research project was set up in a randomized block design with replicated three times of twelve treatment. According to the results, the maximum vine length (529.33cm) was noted in treatment T10 (100% RDF + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1+ Biofertilizer), maximum number of Primary branches (8.97), internodal length (15.83),minimum no. of node bearing 1st male flower (4.67), minimum no. of node bearing 1st female flower (7.67) was recorded in treatment T12 (50% RDF + FYM @7.5 t ha-1+ Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1+ Biofertilizer) whereas minimum number of days until the 1st male flower (46.33 days ),minimum days to the first female blossom (49.00days),  minimum days to 1st Fruit set (50.67days) were found significant as vegetative, flowering parameters and Sex ratio (3.10)  while the lowest response for these parameters was obtained with T1 (control).
A Comparison of Postoperative Healing between Two Different Flaps for 3rd Molar Surgery in Controlled Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jana Tamoghna , Balakrishnan R. , Ebenezer Vijay
Published: June 2022

Background: A flap is a unit of tissue that is transferred from donor site to recipient site while maintaining its own blood supply. Flaps are of various shapes and forms. They can be simple advancements of skin and range up to composites of many different types of tissue. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease where there is significant elevation of blood glucose level from the normal range for prolonged periods of time. The common signs and symptoms are, frequent urination, increased thirst, increased appetite, lethargy, infections, delayed healing of wounds. The complications of surgical procedures on diabetic patients are: delayed healing, wound dehiscence and decreased immunity, thus increased incidence of infection in the surgical site. Complications of intra-oral surgical procedures include delayed healing, wound dehiscence, bone loss, periodontal derangement of teeth, infection, xerostomia causing more caries, failure of flap due to decreased vascularity.

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to answer whether Envelope Flap is better than Triangular Flap or vice versa for a mandibular 3rd molar surgery. To examine the complications of choosing a specific flap design in a minor oral surgery in patients with higher susceptibility to infection due to systemic condition, which is controlled Diabetes Mellitus.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients, who were taken from the out-patient of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. On one side which was picked randomly for all patients, the Triangular flap was used. On the other side, the Envelope flap was used.

Conclusion: The statistical analysis P value > 0.05, which shows that the difference in post operative healing between the two flaps discussed is statistically insignificant. Thus, statistically both flaps are a viable option and both show similar results, although clinically envelope flap shows better overall results.
Mechanical Characterization of Stacked Single‐Crystal of Polyethylene and Monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Zhou Dong , Feng Gang , Khosla Henna , Retterer Scott T. , Li Bo
Published: June 2022

Polymer single crystal (SC) is a key building block of semicrystalline polymers. However, direct experimental measurement of freestanding mono‐lamella polymer SC has not been demonstrated. This is, in large part, due to the difficulties associated with manipulating freestanding individual mono‐lamella SC because of its extremely low rigidity and low robustness. Here, we demonstrate a new strategy to successfully suspend and test a polymer SC by using a 2D material as backing. In particular, mono‐lamella polyethylene (PE) SC is stacked on monolayer MoSe2, and the hybrid stacks can be suspended over microholes. Nanoindentation is used to probe the suspended PE‐SC/MoSe2 stacks and MoSe2 monolayers. The results suggest the first experimentally‐measured in‐plane moduli of PE‐SC and 2D MoSe2 as 32 ± 3 and 237 ± 15 GPa, respectively. Such a stacked unit represents an ultrathin structure of polymer‐ceramic laminate and the idea can be applied to other laminated composite systems. Therefore, this research will pave the way to accurately measure the mechanical properties of polymer SCs and their composites, as well as provide a key insight on designing composite structures.
A Multi‐Mode, Multi‐Frequency Dielectric Elastomer Actuator
Authors: Gratz‐Kelly Sebastian , Rizzello Gianluca , Fontana Marco , Seelecke Stefan , Moretti Giacomo
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a principle to develop multi‐function dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) that can concurrently accomplish linear actuation and sound generation through a single electrical input. A centimeter‐scale cone‐shaped DEA is fabricated using silicone‐based dielectric and electrodes. Measurements of the vibro‐acoustic response reveal that the pumping deformation of the DEA contributes to a negligible extent in the sound generation, which is hence ascribable to higher order structural modes whose frequency pass‐band is highly uncoupled from that of the pumping mode. Exciting the DEA with a multi‐chromatic input voltage allows achieving strokes close to 1 mm or blocking forces over 0.5 N, while simultaneously generating sound pressure levels over 60 dB, regardless of possible forces and/or mechanical constraints on the DEA pumping motion. The ability of the DEA to concurrently generate linear actuation and sound is demonstrated via proof‐of‐concept tests: the DEA can reproduce music, while at the same time generating a deformation pulse or lifting a load comparable with its own blocking force. Furthermore, measuring the current generated by the DEA allows detecting deformations impressed by the exterior and use the DEA as an active audio‐tactile interface, which produces a combined vibro‐acoustic stimulus in response to a user's touch.
Stretch‐Activated Reprogrammable Shape‐Morphing Composite Elastomers
Authors: Tang Jiali , Chen Zheqi , Cai Yiting , He Jin , Luo Yingwu
Published: June 2022

A stretched elastomer film generally will recover its original flat shape after releasing the applied force due to elasticity. Here, stretch‐activated flat‐to‐3D shape‐morphing composite elastomers by local mismatches of elasticity and plasticity, is reported. The elasticity/plasticity in a flat conventional elastomer film is spatially regulated by local swelling of a melted small molecule which is crystallizable at room temperature. Being released from a stretch, the patterned flat composite elastomer films transform into preset complex 3D shapes. Importantly, the shape‐morphing is reversible, reprogrammable, and predictable, which provides a versatile and sustainable platform for the design of soft morphing devices.
Effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas absorption in a microchannel
Authors: Jiang Bin , Jiang Shaokun , Zhu Chunying , Ma Youguang , Fu Taotao
Published: June 2022

In this article, the effects of gas concentration on hydrodynamics of gas–liquid two‐phase flow with mass transfer during gas absorption in a microchannel are investigated, by using 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP) solution to absorb mixtures of CO2 and N2 with various volume fractions. The concentration of CO2 not only affects the driving force of gas–liquid mass transfer, but also affects the pressure drop of gas–liquid two‐phase flow. The average linear velocity of the liquid phase is estimated by introducing the void fraction, which accurately characterizes the difference in the bubble velocity versus the liquid velocity. On this basis, the pressure drop model of gas–liquid two‐phase flow with mass transfer in a microchannel is established. Through the pressure drop model, the influence mechanism of CO2 concentration on the pressure drop during gas absorption in a microchannel is revealed.
Biosynthesis of Sordarin Revealing a Diels–Alderase for the Formation of the Norbornene Skeleton
Authors: Liu Shuang He , Sun Jia Li , Hu Yi Ling , Zhang Li , Zhang Xuan , Yan Zhang Yuan , Guo Xing , Guo Zhi Kai , Jiao Rui Hua , Zhang Bo , Tan Ren Xiang , Ge Hui Ming
Published: June 2022

Sordarin (1) is a fungal diterpene glycoside that displays potent antifungal bioactivity through inhibition of elongation factor 2. The structures of sordarin and related compounds feature a highly rearranged tetracyclic diterpene core. In this study, we identified a concise pathway in the biosynthesis of sordarin. A diterpene cyclase (SdnA) generates the 5/8/5 cycloaraneosene framework, which is decorated by a set of P450s that catalyze a series of oxidation reactions, including hydroxylation, desaturation, and C−C bond oxidative cleavage, to give a carboxylate intermediate with a terminal alkene and a cyclopentadiene moiety. A novel Diels–Alderase SdnG catalyzes an intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction on this intermediate to forge the sordarin core structure. Subsequent methyl hydroxylation and glycosylation complete the biosynthesis of sordarin. Our work discloses a new strategy used by nature for the formation of the rearranged diterpene skeleton.
Aptamer‐Array‐Guided Protein Assembly Enhances Synthetic mRNA Switch Performance
Authors: Lu Qiuyu , Hu Yaxin , Yin Li Cheuk , Kuang Yi
Published: June 2022

Synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) switches are powerful synthetic biological tools that can sense cellular molecules to manipulate cell fate. However, their performances are limited by high output signal noise due to leaky output protein expression. Here, we designed a readout control module that disables protein leakage from generating signal. Aptamer array on the switch guides the inactive output protein to self‐assemble into functional assemblies that generate output signal. Leaky protein expression fails to saturate the array, thus produces marginal signal. In this study, we demonstrated that switches with this module exhibit substantially lower signal noise and, consequently, higher input sensitivity and wider output range. Such switches are applicable for different types of input molecules and output proteins. The work here demonstrates a new type of spatially guided protein self‐assembly, affording novel synthetic mRNA switches that promise accurate cell manipulation for biomedical applications.
Putting climate change at the heart of education: Is England's strategy a placebo for policy?
Authors: Dunlop Lynda , Rushton Elizabeth A. C.
Published: June 2022

In this paper we present an analysis of the sustainability and climate change strategy for education and children's services systems in England, produced by the Department for Education. Using critical discourse analysis, we juxtapose qualitative data collected from >200 youth teachers and teacher educators in the context of co‐creating a manifesto for education and environmental sustainability. Through analysis of these two datasets, we evaluate the government's proposals for climate education and sustainability. We find that the strategy foregrounds economic concerns, with educational priorities driven by the ‘net zero’ policy agenda, and an over‐reliance on increased science‐focused knowledge and skills. The strategy suggests an absence of governmental responsibility and attention to the political dimensions of climate change. This is in contrast to stakeholder perspectives which see economic priorities as part of the problem and call for pro‐environmental action at all levels, including from policymakers. The strategy has a depoliticising effect as it introduces additional demands for teachers and schools without the associated enabling policy environment. We argue that the strategy runs the risk of becoming a placebo for policy, with the appearance of ‘doing something’ whilst failing to address the fundamental policy problem.
Auszugtragfähigkeit von dünnen Verbunddübeln als Verbindungsmittel in Stahlbetonwandtafeln
Authors: Penkert Fabian , Pahn Matthias
Published: June 2022

Steigende Anforderungen an den Wärmeschutz und die Reduzierung von Transmissionswärmeverlusten an Gebäuden führen zu einem erhöhten Bedarf an energieeffizienten Dämmsystemen und Technologien für die Gebäudehülle. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden mit dünnen Verbunddübeln neuartige Verbindungsmittel für ein effizientes vakuumgedämmtes Wandelement vorgestellt. Dieses Element besteht aus zwei Betonschalen und einer vakuumgedämmten Kernschicht. Die Kopplung der einzelnen Schichten erfolgt über dünne Verbunddübel, die als Verbindungsmittel für Stahlbetonwandtafeln eingesetzt werden. In Auszugversuchen wird das Last‐Verformungs‐Verhalten von dünnen puzzleförmigen Verbunddübeln untersucht und der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter wie der Bewehrung, der Einbindetiefe und der Verbunddübelanzahl herausgestellt. Die Versuchsergebnisse werden mit einem bestehenden Modell aus der Literatur zur Bestimmung der Auszugtragfähigkeit von Verbunddübeln verglichen und bewertet. Darauf aufbauend wird ein modifiziertes Modell zur Beschreibung der Auszugtragfähigkeit von dünnen Verbunddübeln vorgestellt und anhand der Versuchsergebnisse validiert.
A unified framework for weighted parametric group sequential design
Authors: Anderson Keaven M. , Guo Zifang , Zhao Jing , Sun Linda Z.
Published: June 2022

Group sequential design (GSD) is widely used in clinical trials in which correlated tests of multiple hypotheses are used. Multiple primary objectives resulting in tests with known correlations include evaluating (1) multiple experimental treatment arms, (2) multiple populations, (3) the combination of multiple arms and multiple populations, or (4) any asymptotically multivariate normal tests. In this paper, we focus on the first three of these and extend the framework of the weighted parametric multiple test procedure from fixed designs with a single analysis per objective to a GSD setting where different objectives may be assessed at the same or different times, each in a group sequential fashion. Pragmatic methods for design and analysis of weighted parametric group sequential design under closed testing procedures are proposed to maintain the strong control of the family‐wise Type I error rate when correlations between tests are incorporated. This results in the ability to relax testing bounds compared to designs not fully adjusting for known correlations, increasing power, or allowing decreased sample size. We illustrate the proposed methods using clinical trial examples and conduct a simulation study to evaluate the operating characteristics.
Exploring sustainable logistics practices toward a circular economy: A value creation perspective
Authors: Jayarathna Chamari Pamoshika , Agdas Duzgun , Dawes Les
Published: June 2022

Transforming toward a circular economy (CE) is a viable strategy for achieving sustainable logistics systems. However, it is still unclear how this transformation should be approached because there is limited knowledge in this context. This study aims to explore how the logistics sector incorporates sustainability practices toward CE. To achieve this aim, we addressed the research questions of (RQ1) what sustainability practices are used by the logistics sector and (RQ2) how these practices contribute to transforming the logistics sector into CE. We used a qualitative approach to address these questions by interviewing 14 logistics service providers. Interview transcripts were analyzed by using coding, categorizing, and finding relationships among the concepts identified from the literature following the Gioia method. We identified 47 sustainable logistics practices under nine categories from three key themes: environmental preservation, firm's dynamic capabilities, and social well‐being. We used the natural resource‐based view, dynamic capabilities, and social well‐being theories to identify the key themes. These theories contributed to the existing knowledge on CE strategies from the aspects of environmental, economic, and social value in transforming the logistics sector into CE. We built three propositions based on the findings and the propositions highlight that economic value creation is the core benefit followed by environmental and social value creation in the CE transformation. The identified three themes will provide a holistic approach for implementing CE within the logistics sector.
Effects of greenwashing on financial performance: Moderation through local environmental regulation and media coverage
Authors: Li Wei , Li Weining , Seppänen Veikko , Koivumäki Timo
Published: June 2022

Recent research suggests that the effect of greenwashing and corporate financial performance (CFP) is ambiguous. This call for study the contextual factors that create contingencies in the greenwashing–CFP relationship. Using a sample of 2816 observations covering 735 Chinese‐listed firms in 21 different industries from 2013 to 2017, this research examines the effect of greenwashing on CFP and explores the moderating effects of local environmental regulation, media visibility and media favourability. Results show that greenwashing positively affects CFP and effect weakened with stringent environmental regulations and reversed with low media favourability. Our finding implies that stakeholders could hardly identify greenwashing in the context of an emerging economy with high‐level information asymmetry. However, local environmental regulation and negative media coverage could reduce this information asymmetry, making greenwashing easier to be identified. It is the first study to investigate greenwashing–CFP relationship from institutional environment perspective.
Application of informatics in cancer research and clinical practice: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hong Na , Sun Gang , Zuo Xiuran , Chen Meng , Liu Li , Wang Jiani , Feng Xiaobin , Shi Wenzhao , Gong Mengchun , Ma Pengcheng
Published: June 2022

Cancer informatics has significantly progressed in the big data era. We summarize the application of informatics approaches to the cancer domain from both the informatics perspective (e.g., data management and data science) and the clinical perspective (e.g., cancer screening, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis). We discuss various informatics methods and tools that are widely applied in cancer research and practices, such as cancer databases, data standards, terminologies, high‐throughput omics data mining, machine‐learning algorithms, artificial intelligence imaging, and intelligent radiation. We also address the informatics challenges within the cancer field that pursue better treatment decisions and patient outcomes, and focus on how informatics can provide opportunities for cancer research and practices. Finally, we conclude that the interdisciplinary nature of cancer informatics and collaborations are major drivers for future research and applications in clinical practices. It is hoped that this review is instrumental for cancer researchers and clinicians with its informatics‐specific insights.
Tailoring the NIR‐II Photoluminescence of Single Thiolated Au25 Nanoclusters by Selective Binding to Proteins**
Authors: Bertorelle Franck , Wegner K. David , Perić Bakulić Martina , Fakhouri Hussein , Comby‐Zerbino Clothilde , Sagar Amin , Bernadó Pau , Resch‐Genger Ute , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta , Le Guével Xavier , Antoine Rodolphe
Published: June 2022

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters are a fascinating class of nanomaterials that exhibit molecule‐like properties and have outstanding photoluminescence (PL). Their ultrasmall size, molecular chemistry, and biocompatibility make them extremely appealing for selective biomolecule labeling in investigations of biological mechanisms at the cellular and anatomical levels. In this work, we report a simple route to incorporate a preformed Au25 nanocluster into a model bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. A new approach combining small‐angle X‐ray scattering and molecular modeling provides a clear localization of a single Au25 within the protein to a cysteine residue on the gold nanocluster surface. Attaching Au25 to BSA strikingly modifies the PL properties with enhancement and a redshift in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. This study paves the way to conrol the design of selective sensitive probes in biomolecules through a ligand‐based strategy to enable the optical detection of biomolecules in a cellular environment by live imaging.
Recent advances in hybridEulerian–Lagrangian description of atomization
Authors: Wang Chao , Jin Tai , Chai Min , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: June 2022

Atomization of liquid fuel is a crucial process to energy utilization. A thorough understanding of the physics of liquid atomization is challenging to acquire but necessary. During the past decades, numerical simulation methods for atomization with interface capturing schemes have been developed rapidly. However, several remaining issues need to be highlighted, such as the minimum size of the droplet to capture, numerical mass defects, and others. Thus, those simulations have been mostly limited to the primary breakup process and cannot capture the huge number of tiny droplets during the secondary breakup process. In recent years, a Eulerian–Lagrangian description of atomization has been introduced for the multi‐scale modelling of its whole process, in which the primary atomization process is treated in the Eulerian framework while the secondary atomization is treated in the Lagrangian framework. This hybrid method has been demonstrated to have many advantages in accuracy and efficiency. Considering its wide applications and contribution to the field, a comprehensive review is made in this work. First, an introduction to the phenomenon of atomization and the development of atomization numerical simulation in recent decades is made. Governing equations in the Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks are then summarized. This is followed by a discussion of the hybrid combination method, the numerical framework, and its applications in atomization simulations. Last but not least, several relevant issues demanding attention are discussed as well.
Simple Dipyrrin Analogues of Prodigiosin for Use as Colistin Adjuvants
Authors: Siwawannapong Kittipan , Nemeth Ansley M. , Melander Roberta J. , Rong Jie , Davis Jonathan R. , Taniguchi Masahiko , Carpenter Morgan E. , Lindsey Jonathan S. , Melander Christian
Published: June 2022

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are an increasing public health problem. One promising alternative to the development of new antibiotics is the use of antibiotic adjuvants, which would allow the continued use of FDA‐approved antibiotics that have been rendered ineffective due to resistance. Herein, we report a series of dipyrrins and pyrrole derivatives designed as analogues of prodigiosin and obatoclax, several of which potentiate the activity of colistin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, with lead compounds also potentiating colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Structural arrangement of auditory brainstem nuclei in the bats Phyllostomus discolor and Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Pätz Christina , Console‐Meyer Laura , Felmy Felix
Published: June 2022

The structure of the mammalian auditory brainstem is evolutionarily highly plastic, and distinct nuclei arrange in a species‐dependent manner. Such anatomical variability is present in the superior olivary complex (SOC) and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (LL). Due to the structure–function relationship in the auditory brainstem, the identification of individual nuclei supports the understanding of sound processing. Here, we comparatively describe the nucleus arrangement and the expression of functional markers in the auditory brainstem of the two bat species Phyllostomus discolor and Carollia perspicillata. Using immunofluorescent labeling, we describe the arrangement and identity of the SOC and LL nuclei based on the expression of synaptic markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and glycine transporter 2), calcium‐binding proteins, as well as the voltage‐gated ion channel subunits Kv1.1 and HCN1. The distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic labeling appears similar between both species and matches with that of other mammals. The detection of calcium‐binding proteins indicates species‐dependent differences and deviations from other mammals. Kv1.1 and HCN1 show largely the same expression pattern in both species, which diverges from other mammals, indicating functional adaptations in the cellular physiology of bat neurons.
Global Well‐Posedness of Master Equations for Deterministic Displacement Convex Potential Mean Field Games
Authors: Gangbo Wilfrid , Mészáros Alpár R.
Published: June 2022

This manuscript constructs global in time solutions to master equations for potential mean field games. The study concerns a class of Lagrangians and initial data functions that are displacement convex, and so this property may be in dichotomy with the so‐called Lasry–Lions monotonicity, widely considered in the literature. We construct solutions to both the scalar and vectorial master equations in potential mean field games, when the underlying space is the whole space , and so it is not compact. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of 5,10‐Disubstituted Dibenzoazaborines and Dibenzophosphaborines as Cyclic Supports of Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Capture of CO2
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose , Oliva‐Enrich Josep M.
Published: June 2022

The reactivity of 5,10‐disubstituted dibenzoazaborines and dibenzophosphaborines towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT, M06‐2X/def2‐TZVP, computational level. The profile of this reaction comprises of three stationary points: the pre‐reactive complex and adduct minima and the transition state(TS) linking both minima. Initial results show that dibenzoazaborines derivatives are less suitable to form adducts with CO2than dibenzophosphaborine systems. The influence of the basicity on the P atom and the acidity on the B center of the dibenzophosphaborine in the reaction with CO2was also explored. Thus, an equation was developed relating the properties (acidity, basicity and boron hybridization) of the isolated dibenzophosphaborine derivatives with the adduct energy. We found that modulation of the boron acidity allows to obtain more stable adducts than the pre‐reactive complexes and isolated monomers.
Disulfide Isomerization in nDsbD‐DsbC Complex – Exploring an Internal Nucleophile Mediated Reaction Pathway
Authors: Nair Aparna G. , Sravanakumar Perumalla D. , Anjukandi Padmesh
Published: June 2022

The disulfide bond redox chemistry of proteins is believed to be mostly governed by the proton motive force. The nucleophilic and α‐elimination mechanisms are also found to supplement the formation and scission of the S−S bonds. On these grounds, the possibility for an internal nucleophile assisted disulfide bond formation in the nDsbD‐DsbC complex was proposed way back. Using QM/MM MD metadynamics simulations, we explore the feasibility of the proposed mechanism. Our simulations highlight the formation of the internal nucleophile Tyr42O− and Tyr40O− which further generates Cys103S− necessary for the disulfide bond formation in nDsbD. Our results illustrate how the isomerase DsbC is functionally activated by nDsbD in gram‐negative bacteria. Also, we foresee that the results will be important for modelling anti‐bacterial compounds based on nDsbD.
Niobium‐Incorporated CoSe2 Nanothorns with Electronic Structural Alterations for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density
Authors: Peng Qimin , Zhuang Xiaoling , Wei Longgui , Shi Luyan , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Hou Ruobing , Yang Xiulin
Published: June 2022

Developing cost‐effective, highly active, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at high current density is a critical challenge in water electrolysis since the sluggish kinetics of the OER significantly impedes the energy conversion efficiency of overall water splitting. Here, a 1D nanothorn‐like Nb−CoSe2/CC (CC=carbon cloth) structure was developed as an efficient OER catalyst. The optimized Nb−CoSe2/CC catalyst exhibited remarkable OER performance with the low overpotentials of 220 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 297 mV 200 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope (54.1 mV dec−1) in 1.0 m KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the Nb−CoSe2/CC electrode displayed superior stability after 60 h of continuous operation. In addition, cell voltages of 1.52 and 1.93 V were required to achieve 10 and 500 mA cm−2 for the electrolyzer made of Nb−CoSe2/CC (anode) and the Pt/C (cathode). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with experimental results revealed that incorporating niobium into the CoSe2 could optimize the adsorption free energy of the reaction intermediates and enhance the conductivity to improve the catalytic activity further. Additionally, the super‐hydrophilicity of Nb−CoSe2/CC resulting from the surface defects increased the surface wettability and facilitated reaction kinetics. These results indicate that Nb−CoSe2/CC intrinsically enhances OER performance and possesses potential practical water electrolysis applications.