bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbonization of rice husk for adsorption of phosphate compounds: Influence of temperature and NaOH activator
Authors: Budiastuti Herawati , Badarjihadi Nanda S. , Purnama Tristan D. , Widiastuti Endang , Subari
Published: January 2024

Rice husk is mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin that can be converted into carbon to be used as an adsorbent. Phosphate is one of the elements that cause eutrophication, resulting in algae blooming. The purpose of this research is to determine the best carbonization temperature and concentration of NaOH activator. The phosphate compounds studied are Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) as artificial phosphate compounds and phosphate compounds in laundry wastewater. Carbonization of rice husk was done for 1 hour with temperature varied at 400, 425 and 450°C. The carbon activation of rice husk was done for 24 hours with variation of NaOH concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M. The performance test of 100 mesh activated carbon was performed at a speed of 100 rpm and stirring time of 45 minutes. Activated carbon with the best characteristics was obtained from a carbonization temperature of 450°C and activated by 0.3 M NaOH. The characteristics obtained were 1.90%, 35.82%, 20.04%, 42.25%, 49.4 mg/g for water content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, methylene blue adsorption, respectively. The best dose was 16 g/L of active carbon with an adsorption efficiency of 75.15% on STPP and 93.7% on laundry wastewater.
Experimental study on effect of superheat degree in an organic Rankine cycle with a scroll expander
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Chi , Chen Yen-Hsun , Hsieh Jui-Ching
Published: January 2024

A micro-organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system utilizing R134a as the working fluid and a scroll expander has been developed. In this study, the effects of superheat degree on system performance were investigated by varying the evaporation temperature and refrigerant mass flow rate. The heat sources used in the ORC system were three different temperatures: 85℃, 95℃, and 105℃. The results indicate that the refrigerant mass flow rate increases with the rise in evaporation pressure, while superheat degree decreases. Moreover, higher superheat degrees led to a reduction in the system power generation. The trend of net efficiency demonstrates that when superheat degree increases, the net efficiency first rises to a peak before declining. At heat source temperatures of 85℃, 95℃, and 105℃, the peak net efficiencies are 4.86%, 5.56%, and 5.87%, respectively, with corresponding superheat degrees of 25.72K, 36.16K, and 38.15K.
The effect of adding biopolymers on the physical properties of peat soils
Authors: Setyaningrum Dewi Janti , Amalia Dewi , Yuswandono Mulyadi , Sihombing Atmy Verani Rouly , Septian Ridho , Yulianto Faisal Estu
Published: January 2024

Indonesia’s peatlands are concentrated in three major islands, namely Sumatra (35%), Kalimantan (32%), Papua (30%), and other islands (3%) of a total area of 21 million ha. Peat has a low carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of the soil is largely determined by the value of the water content contained in the peat. To overcome this problem, stabilization is carried out using a mixture of biopolymers to increase the carrying capacity of the soil. In this study, testing of the physical properties of peat soil was carried out in order to determine changes in the value of the physical properties of the soil that occurred after stabilization. The sampling location is in the area of Palangka Raya City. There were 5 variations of samples made for stabilizing peat soil with a mixture of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% biopolymer. The final results obtained after testing the physical properties of post-stabilization peat soil were a decrease in water content in the 3% biopolymer (395.13%) variation, the maximum decrease in fiber content in the 3% biopolymer (30.79%), and the maximum ash content obtained in the 3% biopolymer increasing the value of the bulk density at 3% bipolymer (1.64%), and increasing organic content (96.62%) at 3% biopolymer variation.
Quantifying tourist contributions: Assessing the impact of domestic and foreign visitors on Bandung’s hotel tax income growth
Authors: Irawan Arry , Suwondo Sulistia , Kusumastuti Endah Dwi , Setiawan
Published: January 2024

The city of Bandung, situated in West Java, Indonesia, is a prominent tourist destination. Its combination of physical and cultural attributes makes it an appealing choice for both local and international travelers. The influx of tourists, whether domestic or foreign, holds the potential to enhance the city’s financial prospects, particularly through hotel taxes. This study delves into the correlation between domestic and foreign tourist visits and the escalation of hotel tax revenue in Bandung. The goal is to derive a formula that can effectively optimize hotel tax earnings in the city. Employing descriptive and causal methodologies alongside a quantitative approach, the research relies on secondary data spanning 2004 to 2021 and employs multiple linear regression for data analysis. The findings demonstrate a positive correlation between foreign tourist visits and the growth of hotel tax revenue, underscoring how an increase in foreign tourists corresponds to heightened tax earnings. Conversely, the research reveals a negative impact of domestic tourist visits on the expansion of hotel tax revenues.
Embedding Bluetooth into green IoT for a sustainable smart living
Authors: Manaf Marlina Bt Abdul , Na’aim Mohd Zahirudin B. Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The development of the Internet of Things and their integration in smart cities have changed the way society work and live. Green IoT evolves around by designing, leveraging and enabling technology to support and achieve sustainable development. Hence, this study highlights on greening IoT towards a sustainable smart living. Main aim is to embed Bluetooth into Green IoT controlled device. This project in this study is named as Green IoT Bluetooth Hotmeal Container (GIoT-BHMC) which satisfies energy saving, cost effectivity, supports smart industries and smart living. The idea is reheating food using Bluetooth technology and rechargeable AA batteries installed in a food container yet rejecting the use of electricity. Reheat process is controlled by mobile application developed in an android environment. Four phases allocated for this study consisting of planning for design, development of device with Bluetooth technology, integration and testing phase and finally the implementation phase. User acceptance test was conducted too to ensure study findings meet users’ requirements. Study contributes to energy efficiency, sustainability on smart living and green metrics. To-date, GIoT plays crucial role in making a better-off citizen. In specific, efficient resource utilization, sustainability, reducing energy consumption, pollution, and e-waste are the main idea of greening the technology. This study is a practical insight towards eco-friendly and sustainable city based on emerging GIoT technologies.
The development of E-Equation Easy System (3E System)
Authors: Marasan Dzulkipli , Zaludin Nuredzan , Abu Suraini Mat
Published: January 2024

E-Equation Easy System (3E System) is a web-based system created to solve simultaneous equation calculations using the Matrix method (Cramer Rule Method) which is faster and easier as an alternative to manual calculation methods. This application will be able to be used by lecturers and students but the level and form of access are different to control the security of questions. This innovation project targets the following two objectives which are the first; to help lecturers in facilitating the preparation of theory and practical questions for students, and secondly, to reduce the calculation time required in providing accurate answers. In terms of the functionality of this innovation project, 3E System has been able to be used by students through an open user module and by lecturers through a registered user module. This application is also able to meet the calculation of solutions for two types of simultaneous equations, namely two variables and three variables, and it makes it easier for lecturers to get answer schemes and create simultaneous equation questions by just entering the values of the variables. The use of this application has indeed been able to help in solving the problems faced by lecturers in the implementation of the teaching and learning process. 3E system was developed using PHP as a chosen scripting language, MySQL as a database, Bootstrap as an open-source web user interface, Javascript and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are also attached with them. This system has also successfully gone through the testing phase and can be used online safely. This responsive system, can be accessible using a desktop or mobile phone, helps access from all over the world and can collect feedback from users regarding the level of satisfaction with the use of the system.
Comparative analysis of Spectral and Deterministic methods for estimating fatigue life in joint of fixed jacket platform in the Andaman Sea Myanmar
Authors: Sulaksono Tigo , Ananto Aan Sugeng , Artanti Lintang Dian
Published: January 2024

Cyclic wave loads can cause fatigue of the joints in the Jacket Platform structure, which is made of steel material and is prone to vibration resonance. This study compares the fatigue life of the Yetagun North Field (YET-D) jacket platform analyzed using the spectral and deterministic fatigue methods using the API RP-2A WSD standard and adding the Weld Improvement Technique 3D visual model and the analysis is processed using the Structure Analysis Computer System (SACS) Connect Edition v11.3 software. Fatigue analysis of Spectral Method without Weld Improvement Technique has exceeded the service life of 20 years, while some joints are less than the service life using the Deterministic Method, but after the Weld Improvement Technique using the S-N curve WJ3 the joint life increases to exceed its service life. The most critical joint 2043, has a fatigue life of 2.79 years for deterministic fatigue and 64.04 years for spectral fatigue. When WJ3 was applied, the fatigue life increased to 21.3 years and 514.8. Analysis of the fatigue life of Spectral and Deterministic Fatigue Method couplings based on the location of the elevation Joints with the same type of fatigue life will increase when approaching 0 m elevation from the seabed, but the Deterministic Method has a smaller life ratio than the Spectral.
Critical examination of multilane free-flow tolling system implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Sumardi Taufik Sugian , Oneyama Hiroyuki , Yanagihara Masami
Published: January 2024

After operationalization, Indonesia’s multilane free flow (MLFF) tolling system will meet new challenges. Many think that this tolling method will be beneficial not only for the toll road user but also for toll road operators (TROs) and transportation authorities. On the contrary, the drawbacks are also being considered in several reports and discussions. Moreover, too little research to shed light makes the complexity of the MLFF tolling system remain largely uncharted. This paper critically examines the Indonesian MLFF tolling system, questioning prevailing assumptions and encouraging further study. Employed literature review of all related documents that mentioned electronic toll collection, specifically on MLFF and open road tolling (ORT) system, this study offers valuable insights into the practical effects in real-world situations. The toll road authority should re-evaluate some regulations concerning minimum service standards imposed on the TROs. The privacy issues as an excess of using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that tracks each toll road user appears to become mainstream, while others deserve attention. The traffic information provision as a tool of traffic management should be considered as one of the solutions to provide valid traffic information derived from a scientifically sound method based on verifiable probe data.
The determinants factors of firm value
Authors: Ishak Jouzar Farouq , Sudradjat  , Nugraha Arie Apriadi , Noviriani Eliza , Apriani Endang Sri , Saraswati Asy Syiffa Dewi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to analyse the determinants factors of firm value. company performance is important to the company’s operational performance which is reflected in firm value. The data were collected from 41 manufacturing sector companies in Indonesia. The manufacturing sector has diverse sectors, a very broad scope, and a larger industrial scale The structural equation model-partial least square (SEM-PLS) analysis was conducted to analyse the relationship between variables and test a series of hypotheses. This study reveals the significant impact solvability and profitability have on asset turnover toward the firm value. This study proves that every stakeholder must maintain its existence by maximizing asset turnover to firm value. Conceptually, this study offers asset turnover as a mediating variable of firm value.
EDFA with power pump laser in WDM Network design of 10GBPS transmission
Authors: Kamarolzaman Nur Zakiah Hani , Aziz Muhammad Khairi
Published: January 2024

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) that enabled optical networks are currently widely used in current telecommunications infrastructures and are anticipated to play a significant role in next-generation networks and the future Internet, supporting a wide range of services with a wide range of bandwidth, latency, reliability, and other feature requirements. In WDM networks, the input power of an optical transmitter is crucial; as a result, this results in a good output signal at the receiver side. The purpose of this paper is to design a WDM Optical Network in terms of length and pump power. The system is simulated using Opti-System software to achieve bit error rate (BER), quality factor, and output power of EDFA through optimized fiber length and pump power. In this analysis, the BER value, Q-factor and output of the system have been evaluated between 1550 and 1552nm with 0 dBm input signal power. EDFA length of 5km, power pump value of 500mv and 980nm frequency was set as reference in this study. This system was analysed using Opti-System simulation software at 10 Gigabits per second (10GBPS) transmission system. Result have shown that, min BER value shows a very significant increase at a 9-meter length and the Q-factor was rapidly decrease. The min BER value was in range 10-11 and 10-19 and Q-factor range 6.5 to 9.1 for 200mW to 8000mW power pump.
A comparison of current development system indicators for the oil-bearing layers under the abandonment of non-stationary water-flooding and hot water injection technologies
Authors: Almukhametova Elvira
Published: January 2024

In this work, based on the calculation of technological indicators, an assessment of the effectiveness of the development of a field with high-viscosity oil is made. It has been established that when hot water is injected, displacement occurs unevenly, which affects the performance of wells. When analyzing the further stage of development, which consisted in the use of thermal effects, the following was revealed: in order to successfully increase the oil recovery coefficient, it is necessary to create high pressure gradients in order to prevent dagger flooding of wells and (or) colmatation of the bottomhole formation zone, including perforations. With the help of calculations, the effectiveness of thermal exposure and stationary flooding was compared, as a result of which conclusions were obtained that allow us to give a number of practical recommendations aimed at improving the processes of oil displacement by a working agent.
Development of the concept of environmental safety assessment and its application in the region
Authors: Nekrasova I.J. , Meller N.V.
Published: January 2024

The article systematizes the key theoretical principles that influence the formation of the foundations and essence of environmental safety, and also proposes an assessment approach that makes it possible to diagnose the level of environmental safety in order to avoid additional costs associated with the development and implementation of an environmental safety system, and a set of environmental measures to improve it. By applying this approach, it becomes possible to create sustainable systems based on efficient use of resources and support for environmental sustainability.
Assessment of trends in chloroform content in drinking water of infiltration water intake
Authors: Malkova Maria , Kantor Olga , Yalaletdinova Alina , Kantor Evgeny
Published: January 2024

Chloroform is a common result product of water disinfection. In drinking water, chloroform is present in higher concentrations than the other trihalogenmethanes (THM) (bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform). For this reason, it is considered as an indicator of the content of a group of compounds related to THMs. It was found that the accumulation rate of chloroform based on the use of Markov chains in the medium and short term in drinking water increases over time
Morphometric and hydrological features of the lakes of the Sergachsky municipal district (Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia)
Authors: Astashin Andrej , Vatina Olga , Pashkin Oleg , Badin Mikhail , Vinokurova Natalia
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the morphometric and hydrological features of the lakes of the Sergachsky municipal district (Nizhny Novgorod region, Russia), lying in the north of the Privolzhskaya upland. A bathymetric survey was carried out on the lakes of the researched territory from the board of an inflatable boat, using an echo sounder, combined with a navigator. The results of the field research were processed using the geographic information program QGIS, digital models of the relief of the six researched lakes were created, and their main morphometric and hydrological characteristics were calculated. Based on the analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the lakes and data on the landscape features of their surroundings, conclusions were drawn about the origin of the lake basins. Two genetic groups of lakes within the researched area are identified: karst and riverbed (oxbow lake).
Technical and economic aspects of designing a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for processing biological substrates and plant raw materials
Authors: Tukhvatullin M.I.
Published: January 2024

The paper presents an algorithm for designing a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for processing biological substrates and plant material. The feasibility of designing a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation is considered on the basis of comparative economic effects. A technical and economic optimization of the structure and parameters of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for non-thermal processing of biological substrates and thermal processing of plant material was carried out. Purpose of the study: To conduct a feasibility study for the design of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for processing biological substrates and plant raw materials. Methodology: The design and development of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for thermal processing of plant material and non-thermal processing of biological substrates is based on the solution of a consistent boundary value problem of electrodynamics and heat and mass transfer. Results: The design algorithm and methodology for technical and economic calculation of a hybrid microwave electrotechnological installation for processing biological substrates and plant material are presented.
Field evaluation of specimens from a corn collection for resistance to Helminthosporium turcicum Pass and Fusarium moniliforme Scheldon
Authors: Telichko Ol’ga , Belova Tat’yana , Syrmolot Oksana , Lastushkina Elena
Published: January 2024

The paper presents research data on the spread and development of the main fungal pathogens of corn. Corn holds a prominent place among the other grain crops grown in Primorsky kray. Corn is susceptible to more than 120 different pathogens. Helminthosporium turcicum Pass and Fusarium moniliforme Scheldon cause significant damage to zea mays plants under the conditions of the south of the Russian Far East. The research evaluated 148 corn genotypes. The progression degree of northern leaf blight ranged from 8 to 70% at the kernel milk stage depending on the specimen (the prevalence was 38-100%); the occurrence frequency of Fusarium ear rot varied within 0-90%. The conducted research resulted in the identification of genotypes with resistance to these pathogens. The following genotypes might be valuable for further breeding: S-1847, k-23428 B, k-24825, R-nj purple, k-22077, k-21477, S-430 V, MP-162-B, and varieties Sakharnaya and Indeiskaya krakhmalistaya.
Efficiency evaluation of innovative herbal compositions with inulin
Authors: Sidorova Yulia , Bokov Dmitry , Petrov Nikita , Malinkin Alexei , Bessonov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

This work examines the issues of obtaining compositions with adaptogenic and prebiotic effects, quality control, as well as assessment of their biological effects. Inulin was analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with refractometric detection. In vivo studies were performed using 50 male Wistar rats, 6 weeks old, with an initial body weight of 158 ± 3 g. To study the intestinal microbiota, DNA was extracted using the DNA-Sorb-S kit. As a result, compositions have been developed that include functional food ingredients based on spinach leaves and quinoa grains, containing at least 96.0% inulin. The established beneficial effect of adaptogenic compositions with inulin on the intestinal microbiota opens up the potential for their use to maintain the optimal composition of the intestinal microbiota.
Ecological variability of winter rye yield in the Middle Volga region
Authors: Ponomareva Mira , Ponomarev Sergei , Mannapova Gulnaz , Ilalova Lubov , Sayfutdinova Dilya
Published: January 2024

Rye grain yield in the Russian Federation has had a positive trend over the last 12 years, with an increase of 0.45 kg/ha per year. The Volga Federal District is the centre of rye growing in Russia. We evaluated the adaptability of Tatarstan winter rye varieties of own selection - first (Tatarskaya 1, Radon) and last generation (Tantana and Zilant) in terms of grain yield. From 2019 to 2023, these varieties will be tested in a competitive variety trial at the Tatar Agricultural Research Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Centre of RAS. The breeding strategy was not focused on increasing the "upper limit" of yield, but on reducing the varieties' sensitivity to the environmental conditions of the production area. Cultivar plasticity ranged from 0,743 (Tatarskaya 1) to 1,246 (Radon). The research results showed that the latest generation varieties (Zilant, Tantana) are characterised by higher yields, plasticity and good stability compared to earlier developed varieties. The cultivar Zilant achieved the optimum balance of ecological variability parameters.
Terahertz nondestructive stratigraphic reconstruction of paper stacks based on adaptive sparse deconvolution
Authors: Zhai M. , Locquet A. , Citrin D.S.
Published: January 2024

Characterizing the number of sheets in a stack of paper typically involves mechanical separation of the individual sheets. Here, we explore an nondestructive method that can be applied to the intact paper stack. Namely, terahertz time-of-flight tomography, together with post signal-processing technique sparse deconvolution based on a two-step iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (SD/TWIST), is employed to reconstruct the stratigraphy of stacks of sheets of paper with multilayered structure in a nondestructive and noncontact manner. The double-Gaussian mixture model (DGMM) is also incorporated to suppress dispersion in the reflected THz echoes. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed adaptive sparse-deconvolution method are verified experimentally and numerically. Compared with the commonly used frequency wavelet-domain deconvolution (FWDD) method and previous implementations of sparse deconvolution based on an iterative-shrinkage and thresholding algorithm (SD/IST), the proposed sparse-deconvolution approach can provide a clearer and rapid stratigraphic reconstruction of the paper stacks studied, while ensuring accurate thickness information for each paper sheet in the presence of noise, revealing the potential usage of real-time THz tomographic-image processing.
1983–2023 – Vierzig Jahre Helicobacter pylori – und nun?
Authors: Schulz Christian , Schütte Kerstin , Link Alexander , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: January 2024

Nach vier Jahrzehnten seit der ersten Publikation über die Entdeckung von H. pylori sind viele Kenntnisse über dieses obligate Pathogen und die klinische Einschätzung seiner Bedeutung hinzugekommen. Diagnostische Algorithmen, Behandlungsindikationen und Therapiemodalitäten der H. pylori-Infektion haben grundlegende Veränderungen erfahren. Darüber hinaus sind Strategien zur Prävention des Magenkarzinoms in den Fokus gelangt.

In vorliegendem Übersichtsartikel sollen wesentliche Entwicklungen im Management der H. pylori-Infektion im Verlauf der letzten 40 Jahre skizziert werden.
Anamnese
Authors: Kerbl-Seidelberger Elisabeth
Published: January 2024

Diese Rubrik greift praxisrelevante und theoretische Themen auf, die Ein- oder
Wiedereinsteigern zur Orientierung dienen sollen. Dabei steht eine pragmatische
Vorgehensweise im Zentrum, die rasch und unkompliziert nachvollzogen werden
kann. Theoretische Inhalte können naturgemäß in dieser
Kürze nur angeschnitten werden. Davon abweichende Erfahrungen und
Erkenntnisse sind berechtigt, aber nicht Thema dieser Reihe.
Abschließend soll eine knappe Literaturauswahl zu weiterem Studium
anregen.
Therapeutic Effects of Tamsulosin in Nightmare Disorder: A
Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over, Pilot
Study
Authors: Naderifar Negin , Roohi Elnaz , Sharifi Ali , Jaafari Nemat , Hashemian Farshad
Published: January 2024

Nightmare disorder is associated with functional impairment, distress, and low
quality of life; however, studies on pharmacotherapy of this debilitating
disorder yielded mixed results. Prazosin, a non-selective α1
blocker is reported to be effective in treatment of post-traumatic stress
disorder-related nightmares. We aimed at investigating therapeutic effects of
tamsulosin which has higher affinity for blocking α1A and
α1D adrenoceptors in treatment of nightmare disorder. A
randomized, double blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled pilot study was
conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Tamsulosin 0.4 mg
once daily or placebo for period of four weeks. Following a 2-week wash-out
period, they were crossed over to the other group and received drug or placebo
for duration of 4 additional weeks. Nightmare frequency and intensity
measurements were carried out using Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity
Index (DDNSI). Blood pressure measurements were also performed. According to per
protocol analysis, mean DDNSI scores decreased following administration of
tamsulosin and a statistical trend towards significance was reported
(p=0.065, d=0.236). Results of intention to treat analysis
showed significant difference in DDNSI scores after drug use (p=0.030,
d=0.651). Additionally, DDNSI scores dropped significantly following
placebo use. However, intention to treat analysis showed no statistically
significant difference pre and post placebo period (0.064, d=0.040).
Tamsulosin may be effective in treatment of nightmare disorder. However, further
larger clinical trials are recommended to clarify the effectiveness of
tamsulosin and α1 subtypes in pharmacotherapy of
nightmares.
Regioselective Formation of Pyridines by Cycloaddition/Cycloreversion of 1,4-Oxazinone Precursors with Bisalkyne Substrates
Authors: Scheerer Jonathan R. , Andres Graydon J. , Anderson Seth E. , Kinsey Adrianne M.
Published: January 2024

This study explores the merged cycloaddition/cycloreversion of a 1,4-oxazinone substrate and conjugated bisalkyne precursors. Good regioselectivity in the Diels–Alder operation is observed and pyridines bearing 3-alkynyl functionality are afforded following cycloreversion and extrusion of CO2. Examples with both symmetric and nonsymmetric bisalkyne substrates are included.
The Multifaceted Role of Oxytocinergic System and OXTR Gene
Authors: Hasan Rakibul
Published: January 2024

The article explores the multifaceted role of the neuropeptide oxytocin in human behavior and its connection to the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. Oxytocin, produced in specific brain nuclei, is implicated in emotional, social, and maternal behaviors, stress reduction, uterine contraction during childbirth, and lactation. The OXTR gene, located on chromosome 3, encodes oxytocin receptors found in various body parts, including critical brain regions associated with social behaviors. The article delves into studies on rodents, revealing correlations between OXTR gene expression and pair bonding in the prefrontal cortex and social behavior regulation in the amygdala. The discussion extends to the impact of oxytocin on social support-seeking behavior, focusing on a specific genetic variation, rs53576. The article explores how this genetic variation influences empathy, stress reactivity, and susceptibility to disorders such as autism and social anxiety. Furthermore, the article examines structural and functional changes in the brain associated with OXTR gene variations. It discusses the role of DNA methylation in influencing oxytocin receptor availability, affecting social perception and responsiveness to negative stimuli. The article also highlights the oxytocinergic system's involvement in disorders such as autism and social anxiety, emphasizing the interplay between genetics and environmental factors. The article also touches on the potential therapeutic use of exogenous oxytocin in mitigating symptoms associated with these disorders. In summary, the article underscores the intricate relationship between oxytocin, the OXTR gene, and diverse aspects of human behavior, providing insights into social bonding, perception, and the development of behavioral disorders.
Ideological representations of women in Jordanian folk proverbs from the perspective of cultural semiotics
Authors: Al-Khawaldeh Nisreen N. , Banikalef Alaeddin A. , Rababah Luqman M. , Khawaldeh Ali F.
Published: January 2024

This study analyses the semiotics of proverbs by presenting the ideological portrayals of women in Jordanian folk proverbs. The content analysis of the proverbs shows that women are represented both positively and negatively, though they are preponderantly depicted negatively in the majority of the analysed proverbs. They are represented negatively as a symbol of feebleness, foolishness, disgrace, cunning, deception, jealousy and reproduction. Few are the proverbs that elevate the status of women, and if they do, it is on the condition that they are confined to particular restricted gender roles, such as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters providing kindness, help, motivation, and comfort to others. The findings uncover how socially dominant ideologies can influence the way power is practiced in the context of gender relations. They also show the immense significance of such proverbs as a social discourse that has been long used for perpetuating gendered roles and constructing and interpreting related realities, thus affecting social structures and relationships. The inferiority of women constitutes the basis of their assigned roles and responsibilities in various life domains. The proverbs have the ideological indexicals of underestimating women, showing their position in society and also reminding them of their roles.
Damping effect of longitudinal optical phonon—plasmon coupling on thermal radiation from surface micro-gratings on direct and indirect electronic transition type semiconductors
Authors: Lin Bojin , Aye Hnin Lai Lai , Seimiya Koichi , Shwe Thee Ei Khaing , Asaji Tatsuya , Ishitani Yoshihiro
Published: January 2024

Thermal radiation properties of surface micro-Au-line and space structures on direct and indirect electronic transition-type semiconductors of n-type (n-) GaAs and GaP, respectively, are studied. The electron densities range from 0.62 to 1.0 × 1018 cm−3. The emission spectra of samples on n-GaAs wafers show peak energies significantly shifted from the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon energy due to the LO-phonon−plasmon coupling (LOPC) at 630 K, while partial decoupling is observed. The thermal emission from the sample on n-GaP is peaked at 395.9 cm−1, shifted only by 1.5 cm−1 from the LO-phonon energy, with a linewidth of 12.5 cm−1 at 630 K. The effect of LOPC on the emission from the sample on n-GaP is mostly suppressed because of the electron localization in the X-valley, suggesting an advantage of indirect transition-type semiconductors in LO-phonon resonant infrared emitters using the phonons generated via the electron energy relaxation.
Application of quantum-limited optical time transfer to space-based optical clock comparisons and coherent networks
Authors: Caldwell Emily D. , Sinclair Laura C. , Deschenes Jean-Daniel , Giorgetta Fabrizio , Newbury Nathan R.
Published: January 2024

With the demonstration of quantum-limited optical time transfer capable of tolerating the losses associated with long ground-to-space links, two future applications of free-space time transfer have emerged: intercontinental clock comparisons for time dissemination and coherence transfer for future distributed sensing in the mm-wave region. In this paper, we estimated the projected performance of these two applications using quantum-limited optical time transfer and assuming existing low-size, low-weight, and low-power hardware. In both cases, we limit the discussion to the simplest case of a single geosynchronous satellite linked to either one or two ground stations. One important consideration for such future space-based operations is the choice of reference oscillator onboard the satellite. We find that with a modestly performing optical reference oscillator and low-power fiber-based frequency combs, quantum-limited time transfer could support intercontinental clock comparisons through a common-view node in geostationary orbit with a modified Allan deviation at the 10−16 level at 10-s averaging time, limited primarily by residual turbulence piston noise. In the second application of coherence transfer from ground-to-geosynchronous orbit, we find the system should support high short-term coherence with ∼10 millirad phase noise on a 300 GHz carrier at essentially unlimited integration times.
A simple efficient algorithm for molecular simulations of constant potential electrodes
Authors: Sitlapersad Ranisha S. , Thornton Anthony R. , den Otter Wouter K.
Published: January 2024

Increasingly, society requires high power, high energy storage devices for applications ranging from electric vehicles to buffers on the electric grid. Supercapacitors are a promising contribution to meeting these demands, though there still remain unsolved practical problems. Molecular dynamics simulations can shed light on the relevant molecular level processes in electric double layer capacitors, but these simulations are computationally very demanding. Our focus here is on the algorithmic complexity of the constant potential method (CPM), which uses dedicated electrostatics solvers to maintain a fixed potential difference between two conducting electrodes. We show how any standard electrostatics solver—capable of calculating the energies and forces on all atoms—can be used to implement CPM with a minimum of coding. As an example, we compare our generalized implementation of CPM, based on invocations of the particle–particle–particle–mesh routine of the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, with a traditional implementation based on a dedicated re-implementation of Ewald summation. Both methods yield comparable results on four test systems, with the former achieving a substantial gain in speed and improved scalability. The step from dedicated electrostatic solvers to generic routines is made possible by noting that CPM’s traditional narrow Gaussian point-spread of atomic charges on the electrodes effectively endows point-like atoms with chemical hardness, i.e., an intra-atomic energy quadratic in the charge.
A high-order simulation method for compressible multiphase flows with condensed-phase explosive detonation in underwater explosions
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhang Xian-pi , Chen Ji-Ping , Xu Yuan-Qing
Published: January 2024

This study introduces an efficient method designed for the simulation of compressible multiphase flows associated with explosive detonation, primarily in the context of underwater explosions. The proposed approach integrates three core components: the compressible Euler equations, the level-set equation, and the program burn model. Spatial terms of the compressible Euler equations undergo discretization using a fifth-order accuracy weighted essentially non-oscillation reconstruction, while the third-order total variation diminishing Runge–Kutta scheme manages the temporal terms. The level-set method ensures accurate tracking of the multiphase interface. To detail the transition from solid, non-reactive explosives to gaseous detonation products in the condensed charge's detonation reaction zone, the program burn model based on Zeldovich, von Neumann, Doering theory. The efficacy and accuracy of the incorporated program burn model and the multiphase interface capture method are employed through four benchmark tests, exhibiting excellent agreement with previously published data from alternative numerical methods or commercial software. In conclusion, applying the proposed method to four distinct engineering scenarios facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the inherent dynamics associated with detonation and shock wave generation and propagation.
Experimental study and modeling of water film thickness in aero-engine under air–water mist flow
Authors: Wang Liwen , Huo Jinjian , Tang Jie , Shi Xudong
Published: January 2024

The water film not only plays an important role in the mass, momentum, and energy transfer between the air–water-surface but also determines the on-wing washing effect of the aero-engine. In view of this, air–water mist flow visualization experiments have been conducted at different gas velocities and water-to-air ratios in a compressor cascade, and the microscopic water film images have been analyzed to extract the transient water film thickness data by the Matlab code. It was found that the transient water film thickness fluctuation has no obvious association with the gas velocity, and the water film fluctuation is more affected by the water-to-air ratio. As the water-to-air ratio increases, the fluctuation magnitude of the water film thickness increases. The average water film thickness has been studied in relation to gas velocity and water flow rate, i.e., the average thickness of water film decreases with increasing gas velocity and increase with the increasing water flow rate. On the basis of the water film flow equation and taking the droplet collection efficiency into account, i.e., from the perspective of the physical mechanism of water film formed, a new model for predicting the water film thickness of a compressor blade surface under the air–water mist flow condition was proposed and validated. This model predicted, with a root mean square error and the mean absolute percentage error of 11.6% and 9.15%, respectively, under the present experimental flow conditions.
Inlet Mach number ratio and static temperature ratio coupling effect on vortex structure characteristics downstream of the flameholder in subsonic–supersonic mixing flow
Authors: Huang Yakun , Yao Zhaohui , Zhu Zhixin , Wu Yuwen , Zhao Dan , He Xiaomin
Published: January 2024

The effect of the inlet Mach number ratio and the static temperature ratio between the supersonic and the subsonic flows on the distortion characteristics of the recirculation zone downstream of the flameholder was experimentally investigated. The fluid structure was visualized and measured by a calibrated particle image velocimetry system under the subsonic–supersonic mixing flow, which was constructed by a flat plate to divide the rectangular flow channel. The present results reveal that the fluid structure downstream of the flameholder remains stable over a wide range of the inlet Mach number ratio and exhibits insensitivity to changes in the inlet static temperature ratio. Increasing the inlet Mach number ratio enhances the distribution area and the mixing effect of the subsonic–supersonic shear layer, resulting in an amplified asymmetry of the dual-vortex and a larger vortex size near the supersonic mainstream. The static temperature ratio influences the ejection effect of the supersonic flow on the subsonic flow, causing the recirculation zone to shift toward the supersonic mainstream and facilitating interaction with the subsonic–supersonic mixing layer. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between the subsonic–supersonic shear layer and the recirculation zone, offering guidance for improved subsonic–supersonic mixing flow designs in combustion systems.
Probing underlying biophysical mechanisms of electrical properties change by pathogenesis at the microscopic cellular level
Authors: Xu Guofang , Liu Henghui , Ren Yinhao , Liao Yupeng , Liu Feng , Nan Xiang , Han Jijun
Published: January 2024

The electrical properties of human tissue have significant potential as biophysical markers in clinical applications, as they can indicate biochemical/biophysical changes occurring at the cellular and extracellular levels. Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT) provides a noninvasive approach for extracting pixel-wise electrical properties by processing the B1 field mapping data. However, our current understanding of the biophysical mechanisms underlying changes in electrical properties at the microscopic cellular level during pathogenesis remains incomplete. In this study, an inhomogeneous liver model was developed to establish a linear correlation between fat fraction and electrical properties. We further fit the correlation of liver phantoms with different fat fractions of 0%, 1%, 9%, 17%, 25%, 30%, and 50% (R2 > 0.93). In addition, an inhomogeneous liver phantom was fabricated and measured through MR-EPT at 128 MHz (3 T). The outcomes of this research have the potential to bridge the gap between microscopic lesions and pixel-wise MR-EPT images, offering a feasible method for extracting electrical properties through fat quantification techniques like MRI-Dixon technique.
Kinetics of physical aging of a silicate glass following temperature up- and down-jumps
Authors: Lancelotti Ricardo F. , Zanotto Edgar D. , Sen Sabyasachi
Published: January 2024

In this article, we investigate the structural relaxation of lithium silicate glass during isothermal physical aging by monitoring the temporal evolution of its refractive index and enthalpy following relatively large (10–40 °C) up- and down-jumps in temperature. The Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts function aptly describes the up- and down-jump data when analyzed separately. For temperature down-jumps, the glass exhibits a typical stretched exponential kinetic behavior with the non-exponentiality parameter β < 1, whereas up-jumps show a compressed exponential behavior (β > 1). We analyzed these datasets using the non-exponential and non-linear Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan (TNM) model, aiming to provide a comprehensive description of the primary or α-relaxation of the glass. This model described both up- and down-jump datasets using a single value of β ≤ 1. However, the standard TNM model exhibited a progressively reduced capacity to describe the data for larger temperature jumps, which is likely a manifestation of the temperature dependence of the non-exponentiality or non-linearity of the relaxation process. We hypothesize that the compressed exponential relaxation kinetics observed for temperature up-jumps stems from a nucleation-growth-percolation-based evolution on the dynamically mobile regions within the structure, leading to a self-acceleration of the dynamics. On the other hand, temperature down-jumps result in self-retardation, as the slow-relaxing denser regions percolate in the structure to give rise to a stretched exponential behavior.
Room temperature coherence properties and 14N nuclear spin readout of NV centers in 4H–SiC
Authors: Murzakhanov Fadis , Sadovnikova Margarita , Mamin George , Sannikov Kirill , Shakirov Aynur , von Bardeleben Hans Jurgen , Mokhov Evgeniy , Nagalyuk Sergey
Published: January 2024

We have investigated the room temperature spin coherence properties of the axial NVkk center in 4H–SiC by pulsed high-frequency electron spin resonance and electron-nuclear double resonance techniques. Our results show a remarkable phase coherence time (TCoherence) of 25.3 μs at room temperature for ensembles of NV centers. We demonstrate precise control over NV defect spins through Rabi oscillations, which exhibit a linear response to microwave power. Additionally, the demonstrated room temperature readout of the intrinsic 14N nuclear spin (I = 1) underscores its potential as a robust nuclear spin memory resource, further positioning NV defects in 4H–SiC as an advanced platform for implementing cutting-edge quantum technologies in semiconductor systems.
Trapped vortex dynamics implemented in composite Bessel beams
Authors: Voitiv Andrew A. , Siemens Mark E. , Lusk Mark T.
Published: January 2024

The divergence-free nature of Bessel beams can be harnessed to effectively trap optical vortices in free space laser propagation. We show how to generate arbitrary vortex configurations in Bessel traps to investigate few-body vortex interactions within a dynamically evolving fluid of light, which is a formal analog to a non-interacting Bose gas. We implement—theoretically and experimentally—initial conditions of vortex configurations first predicted in harmonically trapped quantum fluids, in the limit of weak atomic interactions, and model and measure the resultant dynamics. These hard trap dynamics are distinct from the harmonic trap predictions due to the non-local interactions that occur among the hard-wall boundary and steep phase gradients that nucleate other vortices. By simultaneously presenting experimental demonstrations with the theoretical proposal, we validate the potential application of using Bessel hard-wall traps as testing grounds for engineering few-body vortex interactions within trapped, two-dimensional compressible fluids.
Preparation of Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanowires via topochemical transformation and their potential in anisotropic optical and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Yi Huaxin , Ma Churong , Ma Yuhang , Xu Shuhua , Tao Meilin , Guan Xinyi , Wang Wan , Liang Huanrong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Zou Yichao , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei
Published: January 2024

Herein, a facile, catalyst-free, and dry topochemical transformation strategy for transforming the Bi2S3 nanowires to the Bi2Se3 nanowires, which has been realized through an atmospheric pressure high-temperature selenization treatment, has been developed. The complete topochemical transformation has been verified by combining x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction measurements. Systematical optical characterizations, including polarization-resolved optical microscopy images and polarization-dependent Raman spectra, have revealed the strong anisotropy of the Bi2Se3 nanowires. Furthermore, finite-different time-domain simulations have consolidated that the Bi2Se3 nanowires possess highly anisotropic absorption cross sections across the ultraviolet to far infrared spectral range, laying a solid foundation for the realization of ultra-broadband polarized optoelectronic applications. On the whole, this pioneering study depicts a unique avenue for topological material design accompanied with the integration of additional functionalities beyond the intrinsic counterparts, opening up an attractive research field for polarized photonics and optoelectronics.