bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of Drought Tolerant High Yielding Chickpea Genotypes based on Field Performance and Genetic Variation in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim A.N.M.A. , Sarker U.K. , Hasan A.K. , Islam N. , Uddin M.R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Drought is the most familiar abiotic stress limiting chickpea production. Genotypes may vary in their capacity to tolerate drought stress. Therefore, the study was undertaken to find out suitable genotypes in the drought prone ecosystems. Methods: The experiments were carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh during 2017 and 2018 with thirty chickpea genotypes and four moisture stresses. Through cluster analysis, genotypes were distinguished in five clusters based on similarity in characters. Result: Among the thirty chickpea genotypes BD-6048 and BD-6045 were found the most droughts tolerant based on field performance. Dendrogram was prepared based on similarity by Euclidean distance among genotypes. Dendrogram showed that members falling in clusters III and IV were more diverse. Data certified that significant genetic variation exists in chickpea genotypes in performance of various attributes in this study and these genotypes can potentially be used for chickpea breeding program.
OS PARLAMENTARES DO PARANÁ DURANTE O BIPARTIDARISMO (1965-1979): uma análise prosopográfica
Authors: BATISTELLA ALESSANDRO
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo visa a analisar o perfil coletivo dos parlamentares do Paraná durante o período de vigência do bipartidarismo (1965-1979), imposto pela ditadura militar por meio do AI-2. Acerca dos parlamentares (senadores, deputados federais e deputados estaduais) eleitos em 1966, 1970, 1974 e 1978, os principais focos de análise serão: a) o índice de renovação e de reeleição; b) a média de idade; c) o percentual de parlamentares com e sem formação superior; d) a atividade profissional principal desempenhada pelos eleitos; e) os locais de residência/base política dos parlamentares eleitos.
A NARRATIVA E O SENTIDO NA ESCRITA HISTORIOGRÁFICA
Authors: BRITO HERASMO BRAGA DE OLIVEIRA
Published: August 2021

O presente texto tem como ensejo analisar questões referentes aos estudos da narrativa na história e ao sentido historiográfico na contemporaneidade. Atribui-se à ciência historiadora certo paradigma romântico da verdade e diluição dos limites entre narrativa historiográfica e ficcional, tendo o revisionismo como algo consolidado. Acrescentamos importantes elementos que não se podem perder de vista dentro dos estudos, interpretações e pesquisas historiográficas, tais como as refencialidades discursivas que pautam o argumento historiográfico e produzem sentido, como também as interpretações com plausibilidades, além da experiência do sujeito enquanto historiador que investiga, analisa e dialoga com documentos e fontes. Para essas abordagens utilizamos autores como Bodei (2001), Rancière (2014), Ricoeur (I, II, III, 2010).
O JORNAL PUBLICADOR MARANHENSE E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA GUERRA DO PARAGUAI 1865-1868
Authors: ARAÚJO JOHNY SANTANA DE
Published: August 2021

Em 1865, quando o Império do Brasil acabava de concluir a vitoriosa intervenção usando o exército e a esquadra imperial no Uruguai, os ventos da guerra já estavam no horizonte, e a República do Paraguai colocava a sua máquina de guerra em marcha. Enquanto isso, nas províncias do Império se iniciava outra guerra, tão dura quanto a que o país travaria nos campos de batalha: a das redações dos jornais, dos editores e jornalistas comprometidos com a intensa propaganda da campanha deflagrada pelo país por seis longos anos. O presente artigo analisa o papel de um dos mais importantes jornais da província do Maranhão na época, o periódico Publicador Maranhense. O seu compromisso com o governo o caracterizou com um dos mais ativos órgãos de apoio a causa da guerra; portanto, o posicionamento de seu editor, de seus redatores, de suas matérias e a compreensão de sua linguagem são a tônica deste estudo.
Academic and Professional Preparedness: Outcomes of Undergraduate Research in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
Authors: Kistner Kelly , Sparck Erin M. , Liu Amy , Whang Sayson Hannah , Levis-Fitzgerald Marc , Arnold Whitney
Published: August 2021

This article assesses outcomes among students who pursued faculty-mentored research in those fields and concurrently participated in programs administered through UCLA’s Undergraduate Research Center for the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. Compared to a quasi-control group of nonresearch students, the research students reported statistically significant better outcomes on average in attaining several of the skills sought by today’s employers.
Three-Year Study of the Impact of a Research Experience Program in Aerospace Engineering on Undergraduate Students
Authors: Richard Jacques C. , Yoon So Yoon
Published: August 2021

This study reports results from a three-year implementation of a Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program funded by the National Science Foundation in aerospace engineering at a public research university in the southwestern United States. Students’ perceptions of research knowledge, skills, and engineering career paths were all positively affected.
Investigation of EBA Digital Education Platform Used as the Medium of Distance Education in Turkey During COVID-19 Pandemic Process in Terms of Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Kosece Pelin , Uredi Lutfi , Akbasli Sait , Gokalp Serkan
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on investigating whether the contents of 6th grade math lesson in the digital education platform (EBA) used in distance education in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic period are appropriate to the critical thinking standards. The contents of the math lesson, which are in the digital education platform (EBA) in 2020-2021 academic years, constitute the population of the study. The course contents, which belong to “Data Collection” and “Data Analysis” subtopics of 6 th grade math lesson used in Turkey’s digital education platform (EBA) in 2020-2021 academic years, constitute the sample of the study. In the study, document analysis method is used. Based on the analysis conducted, it is concluded that the learning contents, which belong to “Data Collection and Evaluation” and “Data Analysis” subtopics of 6th grade math lesson, are appropriate to clearness, accuracy, importance, sufficiency, depth, and precision standards of critical thinking. In accordance with the findings discovered, some suggestions are made on the process of distance education.
Effects of Plyometric Trainings on Upper Extremity Anaerobic Power and Shotspeed in Male Handball Players
Authors: Alp Mahmut , Ozdinc Mahmut
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on the effects of plyometric trainings on upper extremity anaerobic power and shotspeed in 20 volunteer male handball players, who are in the men's handball team at Süleyman Demirel University. Players were randomly divided into two groups as handball training group (HTG) and plyometric training group (PTG). While HTG continued routine handball training, plyometric trainings were applied to PTG additionally for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, at least 30 minutes a day. The upper extremity anaerobic power and shotspeed tests were applied to the groups in 1st and 8th weeks of the period (Inbar et al., 1996). Data analysis was made by using comparison tests. The study reveals that plyometric trainings have positive effects on shotspeed in handball. Considering that plyometric training provides maximum contraction in the shortest time possible, it can be said that applying plyometric training in pre-season and inseason training programming may be more effective.
The Evaluation of the Social Studies Curriculum in Turkey: The Guiding Principle of Balance
Authors: Ocak Gurbuz , Karakuyu Akin
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the social studies curriculum applied in 4th 5th 6th and 7th grades in Turkeyaccording to the principle of balance, which is one of the guiding principles of curriculum development. The research is conducted with a case study of qualitative research methods. The research is designed with a holistic case study design. Research data were collected by the methods of the interview with social studies teachers, observation in 4th 5th 6th and 7th grades and document review of the course objectives in the social studies curriculum and analyzed by content analysis technique. The reliability of the data was calculated with the multi-degree Kappa coefficient based on the agreement between the observers and the opinion agreement for the opinions. According to the results of the study, it was found out the principle of balance was generally neglected, and there is balance with regards to the past and present, different cultures and local culture, close and distant environment, classroom and out-of-class learning while there is no balance in terms of using only written, verbal and visual materials and the other principles. The research consequently suggested recommendations to curriculum development experts and teachers to ensure the principle of balance.
Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - HSE, issue 11
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozyreva Polina M.
Published: August 2021

В одиннадцатом выпуске электронного издания «Вестник Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения (RLMS HSE)» представлены работы, подготовленные на основании данных 28 волн панельного обследования российских домохозяйств RLMS HSE за 1992–2019 гг. В работах представлен сравнительный анализ социально экономического положения российских домохозяйств в 1994–2019 гг., исследуются проникновение цифровых технологий в жизнь россиян, субъективные оценки социального статуса, структура потребления алкоголя, одиночный образ жизни, безработица и каналы поиска работы. Публикуемые материалы отражают точку зрения авторов и открыты к дальнейшему обсуждению и дополнению. Издание адресовано исследователям, преподавателям, студентам и всем, кто интересуется результатами мониторинга RLMS HSE.
What will the coronavirus do to our kids? Parents in Austria dealing with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their children
Authors: Zartler Ulrike , Dafert Vera , Dirnberger Petra
Published: August 2021

Objective: This study investigates parents' experiences in dealing with the potential negative effects of the pandemic on their offspring, and seeks to explicate (1) how parents have assessed their children's situations during the pandemic; (2) what challenges parents have experienced in accompanying their offspring through the crisis; and (3) what strategies parents have developed for helping their children cope with the effects of the pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying protection measures have placed heavy demands on parents and their children. Both groups have been shown to experience stress, as families have been forced to adjust their daily routines under rapidly changing circumstances.

Method: Data are based on an Austrian qualitative longitudinal study, relying on interviews and diary entries of 98 parents of kindergarten- and school-aged children who have been contacted repeatedly since the first week of the first country-wide lockdown (nine waves of data collection between March and December 2020). Data analysis employs a combination of thematic analysis and the grounded theory coding scheme.

Results: Results show that parents see the pandemic as having many detrimental effects, and very few positive effects, on their children’s emotional, physical and social well-being as well as their educational performance. Parents have experienced a wide variety of challenges (explaining the pandemic and the measures; handling emotions; managing new roles; accompanying children through repeated adaptation processes). To deal with these challenges, respondents developed four distinct strategies (structure, cohesion, information, and independence).

Conclusion: We conclude that parents are making substantial contributions to society, and are shouldering large burdens in accompanying their children through the crisis. However, their capacity to meet all of their children’s needs is limited. Thus, to prevent the pandemic from having devastating long-term consequences, it is essential to provide sufficient support for children, parents, and families.
Bem-Estar na Adolescência: Papel da Cidade e da Comunidade
Authors: Hanke Elisa Souza , Câmara Sheila Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

Introdução: O bem-estar na adolescência é um tema de saúde que engloba contexto físico e social. Objetivo: Avaliar a contribuição da inserção social na cidade, percepção de qualidade do bairro e senso de comunidade para o bem-estar de adolescentes escolares. Métodos: Estudo com 119 escolares de oitavo ano de Porto Alegre, Brasil, avaliados mediante inquérito de dados sociodemográficos, inserção social à cidade, senso de comunidade, percepção de qualidade do bairro e bem-estar pessoal. Foi realizada análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Identificou-se contribuição significativa de todos os construtos avaliados para o bem-estar. Discussão: A elevada variância explicada pelos modelos obtidos demonstra a importância do ambiente, tanto em termos de recursos quanto de relações sociocomunitárias, para o bem-estar de escolares. Conclusões: O investimento na qualidade dos contextos urbanos deve ser uma meta social e política.
Validação da Escala Velicer de Atitudes frente à Violência (EVAFV)
Authors: Paiva Tamyres Tomaz , Pimentel Carlos Eduardo , Cavalcanti Jaqueline Gomes , Barbosa Iasmim Caroline Guedes , Tavares Suiane Magalhães
Published: August 2021

A violência está inserida dentro do âmbito social e é definida como qualquer comportamento que cause dano ao outro. Atitudes em relação à violência desempenham um papel importante em uma ampla variedade de comportamentos agressivos. Objetivou-se traduzir e validar a Escala Velicer de Atitudes frente à Violência para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram 202  respondentes. As análises foram realizadas no SPSS, versão 21, e no RStudio com pacote Lavaan. Os resultados, por meio da análise confirmatória, foram de que a escala apresenta uma estrutura com quatro fatores (violência na guerra, código penal, punição corporal e violência íntima) e apresentou validade convergente com os fatores de agressão (agressão verbal, física, hostilidade e raiva), e discriminante, com os cinco traços de personalidade (agradabilidade, extroversão, conscienciosidade, estabilidade emocional e abertura a experiências). Diante desses dados, a presente escala apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas para o uso no contexto brasileiro.
Dor que Fala, Dor que Cala: Sentidos da Dor Para Usuários da Atenção Primária
Authors: Santos Josenaide Engracia , Souza Rozemere Cardoso
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A dor pode ter origem cognitiva, fisiológica, comportamental, bem como pode estar associada a fatores culturais e educacionais na percepção da dor. Objetivo: Compreender os sentidos atribuídos à dor por pacientes da atenção primária à saúde. Método: Estudo qualitativo. Foram recrutados 20 pacientes com idade entre 30 e 65 anos que se queixavam de dor. Realizamos entrevistas individuais usando questões norteadoras. A análise foi realizada por meio do mapa de associação de ideias. Resultados e discussão: As categorias identificadas foram: dor como experiência singular e recursos para alívio da dor. Os participantes revelaram nas narrativas: as mulheres falam da dor de forma indiferenciada, difusa e inominável; já nos homens a dor é palpável, mensurável e objetiva. Os recursos utilizados pelas mulheres para aliviar a dor são os psicofármacos e os homens utilizam o autocontrole da vida cotidiana. Conclusão: É importante que os profissionais sejam mais sensíveis às pessoas e aos significados que elas atribuem à sua dor e às suas reais necessidades. Todavia, vale ressaltar que, em uma situação em que a mente não aceita a dor e conflitos, para ambos os sexos, o corpo responderá de forma e sentidos implacáveis explicitados na fala ou no silêncio.
ESTERIFIKASI GLISEROL MENJADI TRIBUTIRIN MENGGUNAKAN 4-(N,N-DIMETILAMINO)-PIRIDINA (DMAP)
Authors: Mustikasari Kamilia , Rahmah Maulisa , Elwaty Devia Salastiansyah , Mikrianto Edi , Astuti Maria Dewi , Nurmasari Radna
Published: August 2021

Penelitian tentang sintesis tributirin menggunakan DMAP telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi perbandingan mol antara gliserol: butanoil klorida dan variasi DMAP terhadap reaksi esterifikasi antara gliserol dan butanoil klorida. Variasi perbandingan mol gliserol: butanoil klorida yang digunakan 1: 5; 1: 7; 1: 9; dan 1:11, sedangkan variasi DMAP yang ditambahkan adalah 0; 3,75; 5; dan 6,25%. Perbandingan rasio mol gliserol: butanoil klorida menggunakan katalis DMAP optimal pada 1: 3, dengan tributirin yang dihasilkan sebesar 55,23% (% GC). Semakin besar perbandingan mol gliserol: butanoil klorida yang ditambahkan, semakin kecil tributirin yang dihasilkan. Begitu juga dengan penambahan DMAP, semakin besar DMAP yang ditambahkan maka semakin kecil tributirin yang dihasilkan.
Learning Media Development using Transformative Learning Strategy Android Application as a Distance Learning Support on Static Fluid
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Nasbey Hadi , Amelia Hilda
Published: August 2021

This research aims to develop and produce an Android application using a Transformative Learning Strategy as a Distance Learning on static fluid material. The research used Research and Development (R&D) method, which refers to the Dick and Carey model. The instrument was a questionnaire using a Likert scale and analyzed with a continuous line. According to media experts, this Android application had a validation test phase with a successful percentage of 96% according to matter experts and 80%. According to learners, this application trial was conducted to 30 students of class XI MIPA and physics educators/teachers at SMA Negeri 109 Jakarta with a percentage achievement of 77% according to educators and 83.21%. Based on these results, the data showed that the Android application using Transformative Learning Strategy as a Distance Learning on static fluid material is suitable media for learning physics.
Studi Komposisi Media Tumbuh dan Bahan Setek Pada Produksi Benih Klonal Kopi Robusta
Authors: Firdaus Nur Kholis , Pranowo Dibyo , Wardiana Edi
Published: August 2021

The growth media composition and cuttings material is considered one of the determining factors for a successful Robusta coffee plant propagation by cuttings. Information on the growth media composition and the ideal cutting material for Robusta coffee needs to be improved. The research was conducted at the Pakuwon Experimental Station and Integrated Laboratory, Balittri, Sukabumi, from October 2020 to January 2021. The study aimed to investigate the effect of growth media composition and number of internodes on the growth of cuttings in three clones of Robusta coffee. The study was designed in a split-split plot with 2 replications. The main plot factor was 3 clones of Robusta coffee (BP 939, SA 203, and BP 308), the split plot factor was 5 compositions of growth media: sand, sand+chicken manure (1:1), sand+soil (1:1), soil+chicken manure (1:1), and sand+soil+chicken manure (1:1:1), and the split-split plot factor was the number of internodes (1 and 2 internodes). Variables observed were the percentage of survived, sprouted, and rooted cuttings, number and length of primary roots, and number of shoots, internodes and leaves. The results showed that sand and sand+soil (1:1) were the best media for root formations. For the growth of number and length of primary roots, the sand+soil (1:1) media was a more suitable for BP 939 and SA 203, while sand media was suitable for BP 308. Other result showed that two-internodes cuttings proved to be better in shoot, internode, and leaf growth than single-internode cuttings.
Innovations in Acheulean Biface production at la Noira (France) during Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe
Authors: MEDRANO PAULA GARCIA , Despriée Jackie , Moncel Marie-Hélène
Published: August 2021

The archaeological sequence of la Noira (Centre region, France) yielded two phases of occupation: ca 700 ka (stratum a) and ca 450 ka (stratum c). No site between these two dates has yet been discovered in the area, and this chronological period has thus been interpreted as a gap in settlement from MIS 16 to MIS 12, two crucial phases of occupation in Western Europe, before and after the long glacial event MIS 12 which record the onset of the Acheulean in Europe and earliest evidence of innovations from MIS 12 considered as a shift in human evolution. Here, we compare these two levels and track technological innovations during this time, combining technological analysis with geometric morphometrics with the use of 3D models comparison of the Large Cutting Tools (LCTs). Stratum a yielded an Early Acheulean, one of the few evidence in Europe presents tools with mainly short shaping sequences on local millstone slabs, with special attention to tips, but with clear management of tool volume. Stratum c, dated to the MIS 11, differs in that both local millstone and flints from distant sources show longer shaping sequences, the use of soft hammers for several series of removals on tools, combined with final regularizing retouch on entire edges. The morphometric approach shows a morphological transition from oval to teardrop shapes for the thinnest tools. Our data suggest a clear technological filiation between strata a and c and in la Noira populations from MIS 16 and MIS 12, as suggested for innovations of core technologies and land-use patterns, and raise question on local human behavioral evolution over the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe.
Citrobacter Keratitis: Predisposing Factors and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Masoumi Ahmad , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To report predisposing factors, clinical presentation, antibiotic sensitivity, and management of Citrobacter-caused infectious keratitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of culture-proven cases of Citrobacter keratitis in a tertiary referral center for 8 years (from January 2012 to September 2020). Results: Eighteen cases of microbial keratitis due to Citrobacter spp. were identified. The median age of the patients was 66 years (range, 10-89). Thirteen patients were male and 5 were female. Multiple predisposing factors were identified in all eyes, including ocular surface disease (n=8), previous corneal surgery (n=6), and history of ocular trauma (n=6). Five patients were diabetic. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of patients was light perception (LP) in 8 patients, hand motion (HM) in 7, counting fingers (CF) at 1 meter in 1, and CF at 2 meters in 2 patients. Thirteen eyes exhibited hypopyon in association with corneal infiltration. An area of corneal thinning was observed in 7 eyes (38.9%). Endophthalmitis due to infectious keratitis developed in one patient. In vitro susceptibility testing confirmed reasonable sensitivity to ceftazidime and aminoglycosides. Medical management consisted primarily of topical amikacin (20 mg/ml) combined with topical cefazoline (50 mg/ml) (72.2%). Surgical tectonic procedures were carried out in 7 eyes (38.9%). Conclusion: Citrobacter spp. is a rare cause of bacterial keratitis. It comprises 0.7% of all admitted keratitis cases. Previous keratoplasty and ocular surface problems are important risk factors. The prognosis is not good and surgical tectonic intervention is required in many cases to resolve the corneal infection.
Improved multiobjective differential evolution with spherical pruning algorithm for optimizing 3D printing technology parametrization process
Authors: Cruz Luciano Ferreira , Pinto Flavia Bernardo , Camilotti Lucas , Santanna Angelo Marcio Oliveira , Freire Roberto Zanetti , Coelho Leandro dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Multiobjective optimization approaches have allowed the improvement of technical features in industrial processes, focusing on more accurate approaches for solving complex engineering problems and support decision-making. This paper proposes a hybrid approach to optimize the 3D printing technology parameters, integrating the design of experiments and multiobjective optimization methods, as an alternative to classical parametrization design used in machining processes. Alongside the approach, a multiobjective differential evolution with uniform spherical pruning (usp-MODE) algorithm is proposed to serve as an optimization tool. The parametrization design problem considered in this research has the following three objectives: to minimize both surface roughness and dimensional accuracy while maximizing the mechanical resistance of the prototype. A benchmark with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and with the classical sp-MODE is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. With the increasing complexity of engineering problems and advances in 3D printing technology, this study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed hybrid approach, finding optimal combinations for the machining process among conflicting objectives regardless of the number of decision variables and goals involved. To measure the performance and to compare the results of metaheuristics used in this study, three Pareto comparison metrics have been utilized to evaluate both the convergence and diversity of the obtained Pareto approximations for each algorithm: hyper-volume (H), g-Indicator (G), and inverted generational distance (IGD). To all of them, ups-MODE outperformed, with significant figures, the results reached by NSGA-II and sp-MODE algorithms.
Hybrid NOMA-Based ACO-FBMC/OQAM for Next-Generation Indoor Optical Wireless Communications Using LiFi Technology
Authors: Hesham Hamis , Ismail Tawfik
Published: August 2021

The light fidelity (LiFi) has been successfully used to achieve high data transfer rates, high security, great availability, and low interference. In this paper, we propose a LiFi system consisting of a combination of non-orthogonal multi-access (NOMA), asymmetrically-clipped optical (ACO) and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) techniques combined with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). The paper also applies a $\mu$-law companding approach for a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the FBMC/OQAM scheme. The combination of NOMA, ACO-FBMC/OQAM, and $\mu$-law companding allows a significant increase in throughput and a significant reduction in non-served users. An appropriate algorithm is developed considering two scenarios, maximize the throughput and minimize the number of blocked (non-served) users. The results show that the throughput of the system can be increased by $1.8$ compared to FBMC and OFDM. Furthermore, the proposed system reduces the number of blocked users below $10\%$, while the system can provide $30\%$ or $60\%$ in case only the FBMC or OFDM is used, respectively.
Association between depressive symptoms and medical care utilization in South Korean older adults with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Park Yoon Sik , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThis study examined the effects of depressive symptoms on medical care utilization among South Korean older adults with chronic diseases.MethodsA national sample of 3,921 elders with chronic diseases participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the effects of depressive symptoms on medical care utilization.ResultsOlder adults with depressive symptoms had fewer outpatient visits (OR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67–0.98) and more inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.13–1.97) than those who did not suffer depressive symptoms. Participants with depressive symptoms visited outpatient clinics less often (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48–0.97) and were hospitalized more frequently (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.04–3.16) than were men without depressive symptoms. Patients with depressive symptoms with hypertension and diabetes were hospitalized more often (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.45–5.30).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms and chronic diseases are common among elders in South Korea, often resulting in decreased outpatient visits and increased inpatient hospitalization. These findings suggest the necessity for management of chronic disease in elders with depressive symptoms.
Determination of elastic constants of functionalized graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites: A molecular modeling and MD simulation study
Authors: Yadav Aman , Kumar Amit , Sharma Kamal
Published: August 2021

The effect of carboxyl (–COOH) functionalized graphene (FG) on the mechanical properties of its epoxy-based nanocomposites has been investigated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Simulations cells of nanocomposites with varying wt% of FG (1, 2 & 3 wt%) were constructed using Material Studio 6.0. Obtained MD simulation results show improved mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and the Poisson ratio of the FG/epoxy nanocomposites than that of pure epoxy. Moreover, the computational results of nanocomposites have also been validated well with existing experimental data. Therefore, the current MD simulation shows a decent computational sign for the existing experimental and simulation outcomes on mechanical properties of FG/epoxy nanocomposites.
Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life in Iranian General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A cross sectional study
Authors: Shiri Maryam Shirvani ,   Hassan Karami2, Sari Ali Akbari , Tatari Maryam , Emamgholipour Sara , Afshari Somayeh
Published: August 2021

Purpose One of the most important questions is how the COVID-19 epidemic affects health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population. This study aims to know about the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the HRQOL in the general population in Iran.MethodsAn online survey was developed and participants were recruited via social media (What’s up, Telegram) from Fars province residences from 3th to the 20th of November 2020. Data of this cross-sectional study were collected by a researcher-made demographic, EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaires. The multivariate logistic regression model and CLAD Regression was used for the five health dimensions, and the factors associated with the EQ-5D Index were investigated. Results The mean EQ-5D Index and EQ-VAS of the respondents were 0.80 and 77.53, respectively. The most frequently reported problems were pain/discomfort (P/D) (44.17%) and anxiety/depression (A/D) (53.69%). Logistic regression models showed that the risk of P/D among old people, who were worried about getting COVID-19, and the risk of A/D among people with male, having hypertension and asthma diseases, unemployment, having insurance, and worry about getting COVID-19 were significantly high. The results of CLAD regression indicated that low income (very low and low income), having hypertension, and having asthma were inversely associated with the EQ-5D Index score. Data collection through an online questionnaire could be prone to selection bias. ConclusionAccording to the results, the mental health of people, especially those with chronic diseases and low-income must be considered during epidemics or other emergencies.
Cancer and industrial activities in China
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Yin Haitao , Shimshack Jay
Published: August 2021

Associations between pollution and life expectancy, infant mortality, and cardiorespiratory disease are documented in China. Yet, less is known about environmental drivers of Chinese cancers. Here, we systematically link polluting industrial activity to cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and cancer cluster designations. We investigate county-level associations between industrial production and age-adjusted incidence and mortality reported in official cancer registries. We then combine the locations of roughly 3 million enterprises with administrative data from roughly 600,000 villages and cancer cluster documentation from 380 villages. We show that county-level value-added from industry is associated with age-adjusted incidence and mortality for all cancers; bronchus, trachea, and lung cancers; stomach cancers; and esophageal cancers. We show that the odds that a village contains a documented cancer cluster increase 3-4 times if the village contains a pollution-intensive industrial facility. Leather, chemical, and dye enterprises appear to drive results. All else equal, smaller facilities increase the odds of cancer clusters.
Biochemical Markers of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn] Germplasm of Central Himalayan Region
Authors: Trivedi Ajaya Kumar , Verma S. K. , Tyagi R. K. , Hemanataranjan A.
Published: August 2021

Round the globe, availability of the germplasm of suitable crops for cultivation in remote, inaccessible and resource poor terrains is crucial for food security in these regions. Rich diversity of millets, which are highly tolerant to extreme weather conditions, is available in the Central Himalayan Region (CHR). However, biochemical evaluation of available germplasm for food security is a major issue yet to be addressed properly. In this backdrop plant exploration and germplasm collection expeditions were conducted to collect and evaluate the genetic diversity of finger millet (Fig. 1). A total of 314 accessions having traits of agronomic importance were collected and evaluated for three consecutive years. In addition to battery of biochemical traits, yield was recorded to find out suitable germplasm for large scale cultivation/ breeding programme. At flowering stage variability in antioxidants level of leaves such as glutathione and ascorbate ranged from 105.27 – 423.63 mmol.g-1FW and 4.89 – 10.21 mmol.g-1FW respectively. Extensive variability in the activity of enzymes important for multiple abiotic stress tolerance viz., catalase (115 – 855 mmol hydrogen peroxide decomposed.min-1.mg-1 protein), peroxidase (1.24 - 6.35 mmol substrate.min.-1.mg-1 protein), superoxide dismutase (1236 – 2963 enzyme U.mg-1 protein), glutathione reductase (0.53 – 2.14 mmol substrate.min-1.mg-1 protein), ascorbate peroxidase (1.86 – 7.04 mmol substrate.min-1.mg-1 protein), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (1.11 – 4.41 mmol substrate.min-1.mg-1 protein), dehydroascorbate reducatase (0.34 – 1.36 mmol substrate.min-1.mg-1 protein) was also recorded. Worldwide Abiotic/ environmental stresses hamper agricultural production. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence system precisely controls this situation. Hence, biochemical evaluation might be an appropriate strategy for identification of suitable germplam to combat the problem of food security in such areas.
Design And Optimization of Integrated Mach_ Zehnder Modulators In X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Film
Authors: Mohammed Luma Z. , Fakhri Makram A , Abass A. K. , Salim Evan T. , Hashim U.
Published: August 2021

The Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator (MZM) was designed and fabricated using the AFM COMSOL program and the pulse laser deposition (PLD) technique. The PLD technique was used to deposit silicon, silicon oxide and LN thin film. Previously estimated optical properties of the prepared films were employed in the theoretical design of the modulator. Optimum device parameters were obtained, which delivered a considerable figure of merit (Vπ.L) values within the range of 2.12 to 2.25 at a device length of 2 cm.
Phase shifter based on an ultrathin superconducting bilayer with a through-hole for a superconducting device
Authors: Ishizu Hiroshi , Yamamori Hirotake , Arisawa Shunichi , Tokiwa Kazuyasu , Tanaka Yasumoto
Published: August 2021

Applying a radian phase shift other than 2π is a key issue for superconducting circuits, such as flux qubits. The magnetic flux is useful when generating a phase shift. However, a quantized magnetic flux accompanying a trapped vortex in a superconductor does not have a phase shifter function. The magnetic flux generated by an external field generates noise. In this study, we propose a phase bias system that does not require an external field during operation. We confirm the phase shift of a direct current superconducting interference device (SQUID) placed on an ultrathin superconducting Nb bilayer with a through-hole by cooling it to a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature with an external field. Although the cause of the phase shift in our system is unclear, we believe that it may be caused by a fractional quantum in the bilayer. When the SQUID is replaced by a qubit, the phase shift can be applied to a phase bias.
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of a New Terahertz Cross-shaped Metamaterial Bandpass Filter to Obtain a Narrow Frequency Bandwidth
Authors: shahounvand hojatollah , Fard Azim , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher
Published: August 2021

In this study, a new terahertz cross-shaped metamaterial bandpass filter is designed, simulated and fabricated. It provides a very good transmission coefficient and much lower unwanted frequencies than other filters do. The simulation is conducted by the CST STUDIO software and the FDTD method.
Gradients of a Sandwich-structured Immunosensor Controlled Using Magnetized Masks for Determination of Human Serum Albumin Using Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Huang Chun-Yao , Chang Chi-Jung , Huang Bohr-Ran , Lu Chien-Hsing , chen jemkun
Published: August 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Anthocyanin: A Natural Dye Extracted From Hibiscus Sabdariffa (L.) For Textile and Dye Industries
Authors: Sankaralingam Bharath , Balan Leeba , Chandrasekaran Sriram , A Muthu Selvam
Published: August 2021

Environmental pollution is one of the major issues faced by all the countries throughout the world. To prevent the environment scarcity and crisis faced in day-to-day life due the increasing chemical industries, usage of chemicals and the effluents processed out after the treatment also consists of some trace elements in them. Hence the extraction of enzymes on natural basis forms an alternative criteria for the production of dye in order to reduce pollution which in turn helps to nourish and protect the environment for future generations. Hibiscus sabdariffa (L) has a rich source of anthocyanins which is further enhanced by callus production and synthesized by increasing the sucrose concentration. Anthocyanin pigments were extracted using acidified ethanol and the dye obtained was screened for GL-MS analysis and its dyeing process in textile industry. The study showed significance properties along with coloring nature on the clothes used. Color of anthocyanin pigment depends on pH maintained and also shows the adaptability towards the nature with varied environmental conditions
Gender-Related Differences In Treatment Patterns And Outcomes of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From The MISOAC-AF Trial
Authors: Vouloagkas Ioannis , Kartas Anastasios , Samaras Athanasios , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Vrana Eleni , Papanastasiou Anastasios , Baroutidou Amalia , Botis Michail , Kotzampasis Georgios , Liampas Evangelos , Zegkos Thomas , Mouratoglou Sophia Anastasia , Karvounis Haralambos , Tzikas Apostolos , Giannakoulas George
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo assess the gender-related differences in the treatment patterns of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and their prognostic value.MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, 1140 hospitalized patients with comorbid AF were followed-up for a median of 2.6 years. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox-regression analyses assessed the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for outcomes in males and females, according to oral anticoagulation (OAC) type (vitamin K antagonist or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants), rhythm or rate control treatment. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and the secondary outcomes were stroke and the composite of any hospitalization or cardiovascular death. ResultsAmong 622 males and 518 females, use of OAC (61% vs 62%), rate control (56% vs 57%), and rhythm control (31% vs 28%) treatments was similar (all p>0.05). In males, use of rate control, as compared with rhythm control, was independently associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality (aHR=2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-3.41) and the composite of hospitalization or cardiovascular death (aHR=1.34, 95% CI 1.01-1.85). In females, use of rhythm control was significantly associated with higher rates of hospitalization-or cardiovascular mortality (aHR=1.74, 95% CI 1.03-2.94). Among genders, stroke rates were similar regardless of OAC type, rate or rhythm control treatment.ConclusionsIn patients discharged from the hospital with comorbid AF, the use of OAC, rhythm or rate control treatment was similar among genders. However, males seemed to benefit more from rhythm, whereas females from rate control treatment.
Application of Bispectrum Diagonal Slice Feature Analysis in Tool Wear States Monitoring
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Min , Zan Tao , Gao Xiangsheng , Gao Peng
Published: August 2021

Tool wear is unavoidable during machining, which is one of the most common tool failure modes. It is significant to evaluate the tool state quickly and effectively for timely tool change strategy. The cutting vibration signals after tool wear show strong non-Gaussian characteristics. Higher order spectrum is a powerful tool for analyzing the non-Gaussian characteristics of signals, and can restrain noise and provide more information than classical power spectrum analysis. This paper presents a milling tool wear state monitoring method based on higher order spectrum entropy. Due to the large amount of calculation of bispectrum, bispectrum diagonal slice is investigated. And the diagonal slice spectral entropy is proposed as tool wear indicator to monitor tool state. To verify the proposed method, cutting vibration signal of CNC machining center were collected and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can effectively monitor and diagnose the tool state, and has good robustness. It is feasible and effective for on-line monitoring milling tool wear.
A Novel Fluorescence “Turn-Off” Sensor Base On A Triazole-Linked BINOL-Glucose Derivative For The Sensitive Detection of Copper Ion
Authors: Wang Huizhen , Liu Yang , Sun Xiaoxia , Hu Yu
Published: August 2021

A novel sensitive chiral fluorescent “turn-off” sensor based on 3,3′-positions modified triazole-linked BINOL-Glucose derivative has been synthesized via “click” reaction. The fluorescence emission intensity of (S, β-D)-1 was almost completely quenched along with obvious color change from yellow to green upon the coordination with a Cu(II) ion while other metal ions had no obvious change. The detection limit of the sensor (S, β-D)-1 toward copper ion was calculated to be 0.31 μmol L-1. The stoichiometry ratio of (S, β-D)-1-Cu2+ complex was proved to be 1:1 by the analysis of NMR spectroscopic, ESI-MS data and the job’s plot. HNMR spectroscopic and IR were also used to study the mechanism, demonstrated copper ion was coordinated with (S, β-D)-1 by 1+1complex formation.
Inherited Continental Zircons in Oceanic Rocks – True or False
Authors: Bjerga Anders , Stubseid Håvard , Pedersen Leif-Erik , Pedersen Rolf Birger
Published: August 2021

Many studies have reported U-Pb dates of zircons that are older than the rocks that contain them, and they are therefore thought to be inherited from older rock complexes. Their presence has profound geodynamic implications and has been used to hypothesize about concealed micro-continents, continental crust beneath ocean islands, and recycling of continental material in the mantle beneath mid-ocean ridges. However, there is skepticism in the scientific community whether these zircons are truly inherited from crustal fragments or represent contaminants from sample preparation and processing. In this study, we combine single zircon U-Pb dates with structural radiation damage determined by Raman spectroscopy from a Pliocene mid-ocean ridge gabbro and show that the thermal history of Precambrian zircons found in the sample contradicts an inherited origin. To confirm that our approach allows distinction between contamination and true inherited zircons, we investigated igneous rocks that formed during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and find that the calculated radiation damage age of old inherited grains corresponds with the crystallization dates of the young magmatic zircons.
Assessing the Rigidity of the River Continuum Concept to Fish Species in a Fluvially Dominated Southern African Coastal System
Authors: Nashima Festus P. , Strydom Nadine A. , Lamberth Stephen J.
Published: August 2021

A continuous gradient of physical and biological processes exists within a river system from headwaters to mouth, according to the River Continuum Concept. In this study, the River Continuum Concept was used to compare patterns in fish assemblages and diversity trends to Remane predictions. The findings show that species diversity is low near the estuary's mouth and increases upstream. While the presence of several marine and estuarine species increased species diversity upstream in the river due to the dominance of freshwater fishes, it decreased downstream due to the presence of several marine and estuarine species. These patterns are consistent with the biogeographical trend of decreasing species richness along the South African coast from east to west. Based on the findings of this study, the River Continuum Concept ignores plasticity, which is evident in species that use transitional waters. As a result, the concept is insufficiently valid for the Orange River Estuarine Continuum, and a new concept known as the “River-Estuarine Continuum” has been proposed.
Three-dimensional Analysis of Mandible Ramus Morphology and Transverse Stability After Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Huang Luo , Tang Shan , Yan Jing , Liu Yaoran , Piao ZhengGuo
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate short- and long-term postoperative changes of both morphology and transverse stability in mandibular ramus after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in patients with jaw deformity using three-dimensional (3D) orthognathic surgery planning treatment software for measurement of distances and angles.Study Design: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who had undergone intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy and computed tomography images before (T0), immediately after (T1), and one year after (T2) surgery. Reference points, reference lines and evaluation items were designated on the reconstructed 3D surface models to measure distances, angles and volume. The average values at T0, T1, T2 and time-dependent changes in variables were obtained.Results: After surgery, the condylar length, ramal height, mandibular body length and mandibular ramus volume were significantly decreased (P < .01), while clinically insignificant change was observed from T1 to T2. The angular length was increased immediately after surgery (P < .05), but it was decreased 1 year after surgery (P < .05). Lateral ramal inclination showed significant increase after surgery (P < .05) and maintained at T2.Conclusion: Changes in the morphology of the mandibular ramus caused by IVRO do not obviously bring negative effect on facial appearance. Furthermore, despite position and angle of mandibular ramus changed after IVRO, good transverse stability was observed postoperatively. Therefore, IVRO technique can be safely used without compromising esthetic results.