bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transverse Oscillations of Coronal Loops induced by eruptions of Magnetic Flux Tube and Plasmoid
Authors: K. Safna Banu , Maurya R. A. , P.T. Jain Jacob
Published: May 2022

We studied the transverse oscillations in hot coronal loops of an active region NOAA 12673 located at the west limb. Loop oscillations were associated with a plasmoid ejection from the same area. During the rising phase of the plasmoid, a magnetic flux tube was seen to be rising and bending towards the loop system that erupted before the plasmoid ejection. In addition to the plasmoid ejection, a large coronal mass ejection (CME) and a X8.2 flare was observed in the same active region for several hours (~7 hours). A follow-up shock wave from the flare site after the plasmoid ejection was possibly triggered by sudden momentum transfer towards the solar disc. It was found to be propagating across the entire solar disc with an average speed of ~1290 km s-1. The combined effects of the erupting flux tube, plasmoid ejection and the shock wave perturbed the loops from their equilibrium and set them in oscillations. We found different oscillations of fundamental mode in loops, fast decaying (with a period of 7.20 minutes and a damping time of ~16.00 minutes) and slow decaying (with a period of ~5.75 minutes and a damping time of ~30.78 minutes). The two different oscillations could be due to different loop lengths and plasma densities. These loops were found to be oscillating with a phase difference of ~33 degrees. This could be due to varying times of their excitation, possibly caused by the flux tube's eruption and the plasmoid ejection.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activity of Lycoperdon pyriforme fruiting body
Authors: Asfaw Melese Damtew
Published: May 2022

Lycoperdon pyriforme used in is traditional medicine by locals in different parts of Ethiopia. The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of Lycoperdon pyriforme which may infer the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of this fungi. DPPH radical scavenging, total phenol content assay and total flavonoid content assay were done to determine the antioxidant activity of the fungi extract. Agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial properties against S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans, E. coli in a dose-dependent manner. The fungi extract was found to show significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The presence of phenol and flavonoid compounds present in the fungi could be the reason behind the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The current study shows that Lycoperdon pyriforme could be a good source for preparation of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant extracts in future.
Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Yingqiao San on epileptogenesis are mediated by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation and regulating the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Hanjiang , Zhang Xilian , Song Ying , Chen Zhaoyuan , Lu Yanli , Rong Ping , Ma Rong
Published: May 2022

Background: Epileptogenesis was the latency period of epilepsy. Neuronal damage and subsequent inflammatory response were the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis. From now on, there was still no effective drugs to prevent the process of epileptogenesis. Yingqiao San, a famous classic prescription over 400 years in China, was widely used in sorts of infectious disease. In preclinical study of childhood epilepsy complicated with upper respiratory tract infections, we found that YQS can not only reduce the frequency of respiratory tract infections, but also decrease the frequency and duration time of seizures, and can alleviate sterile inflammation to some extent. HMGB1, an important late mediator in sterile inflammation, has been seem as a potential target of epileptogenesis. So we hypothesized that YQS had effect of antiepileptogenic, may be related to inhibit the translocation of HMGB1 and modulate neuroinflammation.Methods: The pilocarpine-induced status epileptic model was adopted to induce brain injury model in mice. Observation and sampling were performed at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The number of seizures, duration time of seizures, mortality rate and the appearance of brain were employed to determine the anti-seizure effects of YQS. The Nissl staining, FJB staining were employed to determine the neuroprotective of YQS. The double immunofluorescent staining were employed to observe inflammatory response and the location of HMGB1 in glia cells. The Western blot and immnuohistochemical staining were used to calculate the quantitative and qualitative of HMGB1 to detect the translocation of HMGB1 and the expression of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Results: It was found that YQS can effectively decrease the frequency of seizures, shorten duration time of seizures, reduce the mortality of mice and alleviate brain edema. YQS can significantly attenuate neuronal damage and inhibit the activation and proliferation of microglia and astrocytes with time-dependent. Moreover, YQS can modulate the subsequent inflammatory response by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation and regulating the expression of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.Conclusions: YQS can prevent the process of epileptogensis. Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on epileptogenesis may mediate by inhibiting HMGB1 translocation and modulating neuroinflammation. It can still be used as an adjunctive therapy for treatment of epilepsy.
Is sentinel lymph node biopsy without frozen section in early stage breast cancer sufficient in accordance with ACOSOG-Z0011? A retrospective review from King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.
Authors: Treeratanapun Nattanan , Lerttiendamrong Bhoowit , Vacharathit Voranaddha , Tantiphlachiva Kasaya , Vongwattanakit Phuphat , Manasnayakorn Sopark , Vongsaisuwon Mawin
Published: May 2022

Background: In 2021, increased implementation of the usage of permanent section (PS) without intraoperative frozen section (FS) for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) were evident worldwide. This pilot study conducted in Thailand will determine the re-operation rate in SLNB without FS technique. Method: we retrospectively reviewed 239 cases of SLNB without FS in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from April 2016 to April 2021. These patients were diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer with clinical node negative. The clinical nodal status was assessed from physical examination. The re-operation rate was evaluated by the number of positive SLNs; equal or more than 3 nodal metastases were subjected to second surgical procedure. Result: Between April 2016 and April 2021, there are 239 patient who had undergone SLNB in accordance with ACOSOG Z0011 criteria with the use of PS alone. A total of 975 SLNs were removed from these 239 patients, with an average of 4.15 nodes per patient. Out of 239 patients, 21 (8.8%) and 6 (2.5%) had metastatic disease in 1 and 2 nodes, respectively. The remaining 212 (88.7%) patients had no nodal metastasis. None of the patients were subjected to a second surgical procedure.Conclusion: With a re-operation rate of 0%, we concluded that the implementation of SLNB with PS analysis alone in patients who satisfied the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria do not altered the standard of care offered by additional FS analysis. With cessation of intraoperative procedure, operation cost, operation time and anesthetic side effect are projected to decrease.
Preference Heterogeneity in Health Valuation: A Latent Class Analysis of the Peru EQ-5D-5L Values
Authors: Karim Suzana , Craig Benjamin M , Tejada Romina Arely , Augustovski Federico
Published: May 2022

Background
Preference heterogeneity in health valuation has become a topic of greater discussion among health technology assessment agencies. To better understand heterogeneity within a national population, valuation studies may identify latent groups that place different absolute and relative importance (i.e., scale and taste parameters) on the attributes of health profiles.
Objective
Using discrete choice responses from a Peruvian valuation study, we estimated EQ-5D-5L values on a quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) scale accounting for latent heterogeneity in scale and taste, as well as controlling heteroskedasticity at task level variation.
Method
We conducted a series of latent class analyses, each including the 20 main effects of the EQ-5D-5L and a power function that relaxes the constant proportionality assumption (i.e., discounting). Taste class membership was conditional on respondent-specific characteristics as well as their experience with the time trade-off tasks. Scale class membership was conditional on behavioral characteristics such as survey duration and self-stated difficulty level in understanding tasks. Each analysis allowed the scale factor to vary by task type and time (i.e., heteroskedasticity).
Results
The results indicate three taste classes: a quality-of-life oriented class (33.35%) that placed the highest value on levels of severity, a length-of-life oriented class (26.72%) that placed the highest value on life span, and a middle class (39.71%) with health attribute effects lower than the quality class and life span effect lower than the length-of-life oriented class. The EQ-5D-5L values ranged from − 2.11 to 0.86 (quality-of-life oriented class), from − 0.38 to 1.02 (middle class), and from 0.36 to 1.01 (length-of-life oriented class). The likelihood of being a member of the quality-of-life class was highly dependent on whether the respondent completed the time-tradeoff tasks (p-value < 0.001). The results also show two scale classes as well as heteroskedasticity within each scale class.
Conclusion
Accounting for taste and scale classes simultaneously improves understanding preference heterogeneity in health valuation. Future studies may confirm the differences in taste between classes in terms of the effect of quality of life and life span attributes. Furthermore, confirmatory evidence is needed on how behavioral variables captured within a study protocol may enhance analyses of preference heterogeneity.
Developing and validating the Japanese version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire among parents with infants and toddlers
Authors: OKAJIMA Junko , Okajima Isa
Published: May 2022

Background: The Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ) is a scale for evaluating a caregiver’s experiential avoidance. The Japanese version of the PAAQ (PAAQ-J) was developed by Mizusaki & Sato who highlighted the necessity to reexamine the number of the items of the PAAQ-J and its factor structure. Therefore, to appropriately evaluate the reliability and validity of PAAQ-J as formulated by Mizusaki & Sato, we conducted a survey targeting a larger-scale sample of infants and their parents. Methods: This study examines the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ-J) among 2,000 mothers of infants aged 0–3, and evaluates their scores for the PAAQ-J, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Resluts: We conducted an exploratory factor analysis, further creating a PAAQ-J comprising 12 items and three factors (α = 0.80): Inaction-Behavior (Inaction-B), Inaction-Cognition (Inaction-C), and Unwillingness, with α of 0.84, 0.72 and 0.68, respectively. As in the original edition, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis results of the two-factor models show poor goodness of fit. The test re-test reliability examination results showed that the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.49, with 95% CI between 0.44 and 0.54. The correlation coefficient (r) of PAAQ-J was 0.57, 0.32 and 0.33 with AAQ-II, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in the HADS respectively.Discussion: Thus, PAAQ-J’s validity to adequately evaluate an individual’s avoidance of experiences vis-à-vis childcare, as well as their psychological flexibility, was proven. Since the original version of the PAAQ was for 6-18-year-old children with anxiety symptoms, it is necessary to examine its reliability and validity not only for infants and toddlers but also for parents of older children and adolescents in the future.
An archetypal zero- or quasi-zero-stiffness model with three degrees of freedom based upon an inverse method
Authors: Zhu Guangnan , Cao Qingjie , Chen Yushu
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a three degrees of freedom archetypal model with arbitrary designable features and its inverse construction method based upon the target restoring force functions are proposed. The construction conditions of the zero-stiffness and quasi-zero-stiffness systems with 3-DOF have been studied in detail, by introducing the definitions of the zero-stiffness and the quasi-zero-stiffness system, based upon the archetypal model. The static characteristic and the low-frequency vibration isolation performance of the quasi-zero-stiffness system with 3-DOF in arbitrary direction have been analyzed, by comparing with the linear system with the same support stiffness. The conclusion shows that there are finite solutions for the construction of 3-DOF zero-stiffness characteristic, and infinite solutions for the construction of 3-DOF quasi-zero-stiffness characteristic, based on 3-DOF archetypal model and its dimensionless parameters. The feasibility of constructing the zero-stiffness system with 3-DOF will lead to a new inspiration for the design of the passive zero-stiffness support structures; and the low-frequency vibration isolation performance of the 3-DOF quasi-zero-stiffness system in arbitrary direction is significantly improved compared with the linear system, which expresses a great potential in the multi-DOF design of the low-frequency, ultra-low-frequency vibration isolation.
Prediction of Physical Functioning and General Health Status Trajectories on Mortality Among Persons with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Zang Emma , Wang Xueqing , Shi Yu , Wu Bei , Fried Terri R.
Published: May 2022

Background
The concern posed by the confluence of aging and cognitive impairment is growing in importance as the U.S. population rapidly ages. As such, we sought to examine the predictive power of physical functioning (PF) and general health status (GHS) trajectories on mortality outcomes among persons with cognitive impairment (PCIs).
Methods
We used group-based trajectory models to identify latent group memberships for PF trajectories in 1,641 PCIs and GHS trajectories in 2,021 PCIs from the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (2011–2018) and applied logistic regressions to predict mortality using these memberships controlling for individual characteristics.
Results
We identified six trajectory groups for PF and four groups for GHS. Trajectory group memberships for both outcomes significantly predicted mortality. For PF, group memberships largely captured the average levels over time, and worse trajectories (i.e., lower baselines and faster declines) were associated with higher odds of death. The highest mortality risk was associated with the group experiencing a sharp decline early in its PF trajectory, although its average level across time was not the lowest. For GHS, we observed two groups with comparable average levels across time, but the one with a convex-shape trajectory had much higher mortality risks compared to the one with a concave-shape trajectory.
Conclusions
Our findings highlighted that health trajectories predicted mortality among PCIs, not only because of general levels but also because of the shapes of declines. Close monitoring health deterioration of PCIs is crucial to understand the health burden of this population and to make subsequent actions.
Screening of breast cancer biomarkers based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Xu Yuehong , Niu Changchun
Published: May 2022

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, its incidence is increasing year by year, and it seriously threatens the life and health of women. Therefore, it is necessary to find more sensitive and specific biomarkers to reveal the initial disorders and underlying mechanisms of the disease. Bioinformatics analysis of breast cancer gene chip data was performed to find expression characteristic gene profiles to screen potential biomarkers of breast cancer. GEO 2R was used for differential gene expression analysis of breast cancer chips screened in the comprehensive gene expression database, R language was used for gene function annotation GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and String database was used for protein-protein interactions analysis .Finally, survival analysis was performed on the five most significantly different genes through the GEPIA online analysis website, and the differential gene expression levels in normal tissue and breast cancer tissue were verified by boxplot. Through differential analysis of cancer samples from breast cancer patients and normal breast samples, a total of 1174 differential genes were obtained, including 973 down-regulated genes and 201 up-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in 56 different GO subsets. By using the GEPIA online analysis website to conduct survival analysis on the five most significantly differentially expressed genes, we found that the most significantly differentially expressed gene HEPN1 has a significant relationship with the prognosis of patients. The expression levels of five genes, HEPN1, GPD1, C14orf180, TUSC5 and PLIN4 in normal breast tissue and breast cancer tissue were verified by boxplots. The boxplots showed that HEPN1, GPD1, C14orf180, TUSC5 and the expression level of PLIN4 gene in breast cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal breast tissue. It indicates that HEPN1, GPD1, C14orf180, TUSC5 and PLIN4 genes are expected to be potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients. However, additional research is required to demonstrate our findings and motivate the clinical importance of HEPN1 in breast cancer.
MiR-17-5P regulates autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome via targeting ATG7
Authors: 于 Xiaona , LIAN Fang , XIANG Shan , YU Yi , PANG Conghui , GUAN Lu , DONG Li , XIN Xin
Published: May 2022

Background: Abnormal activation of autophagy is considered to be an important mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In our earlier study, we found that the expression of autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) was increased in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of patients with PCOS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ATG7 on autophagy of ovarian GCs and further enrich the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods: The associated microRNA of ATG7 was predicted by bioinformatics software, and the targeting relationship between them was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the expressions of miR-17-5P and ATG7 in ovarian GCs were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis (WB). Results: It was found that miR-17-5P was a microRNA associated with ATG7. MiR-17-5P could directly bind to the 3ʹuntranslated region of ATG7 and inhibit its expression. At mRNA level, the expression of miR-17-5P in GCs of PCOS women was significantly lower than that of normal women (P<0.01). At both mRNA and protein levels, the expression of ATG7 in GCs of PCOS women was significantly higher than that of normal women (P<0.01).Conclusion: Downregulation of miR-17-5P expression promotes autophagy of ovarian GCs by upregulating ATG7 expression, thus serving an important role in PCOS pathogenesis.
Light controlled liquefactions of non-photoresponsive crystals
Authors: Dong Weibin , Tan Shuai , Luo Jie , Ji Junyi , Wu Yong , Wang Caihong , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: May 2022

The design and construction of photoresponsive compounds with solid-liquid transitions has been one of the central challenges in chemistry. Particularly, challenges remain for non-photoresponsive compounds. Herein, we show that a tiny dope of azobenzene (Azo) in conventional imidazolium-based ionic crystals could demonstrate light-switchable solid-liquid transitions with a rapid responsive speed. The mechanism is based on ordering structure changes of non-photoresponsive ionic crystals induced by photoisomerization of Azo. Imidazolium ionic regions facilitated Azo isomerization while Azo isomerization altered the molecular ordering of ionic crystals, with a result of solid-liquid transitions. The sharp solid-liquid transitions distinctively switched ionic conduction from insulator and conductor, applied in lightcontrolled capacitance and UV sensor. The supramolecular assembly of Azo in imidazolium-based ionic crystals provides a strategy into design of non-photoresponsive materials with photoliquefactions and successfully delivered responsiveness from molecules to macroscopic materials.
Health-related quality of life in severe psychotic disorders during integrated care: 5-year course, prediction and treatment implications (ACCESS II)
Authors: Rohenkohl Anja Christine , Daubmann Anne , Gallinat Jürgen , Karow Anne , Kraft Vivien , Rühl Friederike , Schöttle Daniel , Lambert Martin , Schröter Romy
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Studies on outcomes mapping Quality of Life (QoL) as patient-reported outcome over a longer period in severe psychotic disorders are scarce. However, such data would be particularly important for structuring, implementing and operating effective and efficient care models and for promoting satisfaction with care, service engagement and adherence.Methods: The ACCESS II study is a prospective long-term study of an integrated care model for people with severe psychotic disorders. The model includes Therapeutic Assertive Community Treatment within a cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary network. This publication analyses the course of QoL assessed with the Q-LES-Q-18 using a mixed model for repeated measures.Results: Mapping the course of QoL in N = 329 participants, there is a significant increase in the first 6 weeks of treatment (early course). Comparison to a published norm show significant lower QoL for severe psychotic disorders. The variable having a traumatic event before the age of 18 was significantly negative associated with QoL. A decrease in the severity of depressive as well as in positive symptomatology in the first six weeks after admission was associated with increase of QoL.Conclusion: Results indicate that the overall symptom burden at time of inclusion is not decisive for the perceived QoL in the long-term course while the reduction in the severity of depressive and positive symptoms is important. This means focusing even more on the treatment of depressive symptoms and include traumatherapeutic aspects in the long-term treatment of severe psychotic disorders if needed.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01888627)
Early-onset late gadolinium enhancement is a prognostic factor for Duchenne cardiomyopathy
Authors: James Lorraine , Menteer Jondavid , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon , Wood John C. , Ramos-Platt Leigh , Tiongson Emmanuelle , Su Jennifer A.
Published: May 2022

Hypothesis: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an inevitable complication of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on MRI occurs in DMD-related DCM, indicating myocyte death and remodeling. We hypothesize that patients with earlier onset of LGE develop a more rapid decline in heart function.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review, reviewing clinical data for DMD patients identified between January 2009 and July 2013. Subjects were cohorted by presence of LGE before age 14. We excluded patients in whom LGE status prior to age 14 was indeterminate. Results: Of the 41 subjects with complete data, 15 demonstrated LGE before age 14 (“early LGE”), and 26 had no LGE by age 14 (“controls”). Those with early LGE exhibited more rapid decline in LV fractional shortening (p=0.028). Patients with early LGE were younger at age of initiation of ACE inhibition (p=0.025), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism (p= 0.0024), and beta blockade (p=0.0017), suggesting aggressive clinical management in response to abnormal MRI. There were no significant differences in LV dilation between the two groups (p=0.1547). Early LGE was not associated with obesity (p=0.32), age at loss of ambulation (p=0.31), or type of mutation. Conclusion: Early onset of myocardial fibrosis demonstrated by LGE on cardiac MRI is associated with earlier progression of cardiomyopathy despite earlier medication therapy. Identifying this risk, observed in 34% of our cohort during preadolescence, may guide medical therapy and counseling about cardiomyopathy progression. We suggest obtaining at least one MRI in DMD patients prior to age 14 to risk stratify patients.
Acute radiation syndrome: On the issues of triage, stem cell sources and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Nagayama Hitomi , OOi Jun
Published: May 2022

We treated the highly gamma- and neutron-irradiated nuclear accident victim by the criticality fission reaction. Conventional dosimetry methods posed us the risk of a treatment delay, and later established organ-oriented dose estimation METREPOL criteria is a helpful tool for rapid triage and stratification of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) patients. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most predominant life-threatening factor for ARS. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides us the rapid availability during the golden time for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with lower risk of GVHD. Current advances of supportive care provide us the safer HSCT, so UCB overweigh the risk of engraftment failure and delayed hematopoietic recovery compared to the matched unrelated donor or related one haploidentical donor. UCB is an ideal stem cell source for HSCT of ARS, if the patients lack the suitable donor candidate.
Assessment of Groundwater Occurrence in a Typical Schist Belt Region in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria using VES, Aeromagnetic Dataset, Remotely Sensed data, GIS, and MCDA Approaches
Authors: Ilugbo Olubusola Stephen , Aigbedion Isaac , Ozegin Oyamenda Kesyton , Bawallah Adesola Musa
Published: May 2022

This study presents modeling of groundwater potential in a Typical Schist Belt Region in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria using Electrical Resistivity, Aeromagnetic, Remotely sensed data, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Filtered and enhanced Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery and Aeromagnetic lineaments were superimposed on Landsat lineaments to generate lineament intersection, which was subjected to line density in the ArcGIS environment to produce lineament intersection density. Eighty (80) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using Schlumberger configuration were acquired within the study location. The manually processed VES data were subjected to a computer modeling program (Window Resist Version 1.0) to improve the manually derived geoelectric parameters. The geoelectric parameters from the VES interpretation were used to determine the second-order parameters. Integration of Electrical Resistivity, Aeromagnetic dataset, and Remotely Sensed data was subjected to Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to model the groundwater potential of the investigated area. The finding from the groundwater potential map showed that the southern and traces in the northeastern and northwestern regions are indicative of high groundwater potential zone, while the northeastern, southeastern, southern, southwestern, and northwestern parts indicate moderate groundwater potential zone. Low groundwater potential zone was found in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the study area. Also, very low groundwater potential zone dominates the study area in the northern, northeastern, southeastern, southern, southwestern, northwestern, and central regions, which simply means that the investigated region is generally low in terms of groundwater potential. Boreholes and static water level data across the study area were used to validate the accuracy of the groundwater potential map. The prediction accuracy obtained showed that the techniques used in this study are capable of producing reliable and accurate results.
An Effective and Chemotherapy-free Strategy of All-trans Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Trioxide for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in All Risk Groups
Authors: Wang Huai-Yu , Gong Sha , Li Guo-Hui , Yao Yazhou , Zheng Yin-Suo , Lu Xiao-Hong , Wei Su-Hua , Qin Wei-Wei , Liu Hai-Bo , Wang Mengchang , Xi Jie-Ying , Chen Li-Mei , Zhang Xin-Xin , Zhang Hui-Yun , Zhao Chen-Yang , Zhang Cheng-Sheng , Liu Li , Wald David
Published: May 2022

The combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been demonstrated to be at least equally effective to ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the efficacy of ATRA-ATO compared to ATRA-ATO plus CHT in high-risk APL remains unknown. Here we performed a multi-center non-inferiority phase III study to compare the efficacy of ATRA-ATO and ATRA-ATO plus CHT in newly diagnosed all-risk APL to address this question. Patients were assigned to receive ATRA-ATO for induction, consolidation and maintenance or ATRA-ATO plus CHT for induction followed by three cycles of consolidation therapy, and maintenance therapy with ATRA-ATO. In the non-CHT group, hydroxyurea was used to control leukocytosis. A total of 128 patients were treated. The complete remission rate was 97% in both groups. The 2-year disease-free, event-free survival rates were 98% v 97% and 95% v 92% in the non-CHT group and CHT group in all-risk patients (P=0.62 and P=0.39, respectively). And they were 94% v 87% and 85% v 78% in the high-risk patients (P=0.52 and P=0.44, respectively). This study demonstrated that ATRA-ATO had the same efficacy as the ATRA-ATO plus CHT in the treatment of patients with all-risk APL.
Narrative Descriptive Reports on Public Health Impact of Conflict Among War-affected Zones at Amhara Region,2022
Authors: Abebaw Nigusie , Mekonen Hussen , Animut Yaregal , Tefera Zenebe , Walle Feseha , Zeleke Adugna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Armed conflicts result in the interruption of clinical services, public health services, and other health-related programs and damage to the health facilities and their infrastructures Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of conflict on public health within the war-affected zones of the Amhara region.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Amhara region. Document review and interview administered questionnaires were employed for collecting the data during the study period. Result: Based on this assessment; more than 51% of health facilities and their infrastructures were damaged and looted. About 10,333 patients on chronic disease follow-up had interrupted their treatment and follow-up for more than three to six months. And also, more than 29632 civilians died in the conflict-sourced war. Maternal and child health services have been interrupted for more than70, 000 pregnant & lactating mothers. 1035 unwanted pregnancies and 934 sexual gender-based violence (SGBV) have been occurred due to the conflictConclusion: about 51% of health facilities in the region were damaged; following this essential health services such as chronic follow non-communicable and chronic infectious disease, maternal health services, and child health services have been interrupted in the affected zones. This had led to the occurrence of maternal mortality of 233 &child mortality of 166 among those who lived in the affected area. Therefore, it needs Rapid strengthening of mobile health services, and the re-establishment of health facilities buildings and their infrastructures to reduce future morbidity and mortality
Outer Van-Allen Radiation Belt Response to VLF Plasma Waves: Application of Granger Causality Method to Radiation Belt Storm Probe-A Data
Authors: Shah Asif
Published: May 2022

Granger causality analysis is applied to very-low-frequency (VLF) waves and relativistic electrons interaction in an outer Van-Allen radiation belt. The VLF wave power and electrons flux data are one hour observations of radiation belt storm probe A (RBSP-A) during 14-3-2015. The considered VLF band comprises of 24 waves and electrons flux data at 8 pitch angles is considered. It is found that every wave is not Granger causing flux gradients for all pitch angles; rather some VLF waves are more efficient than others. Specifically, flux gradients at 69 degrees pitch angles are Granger caused by 14 kHz VLF wave. Contrarily, for 90 degrees pitch angles flux gradients are Granger caused by 6 waves. These results may be helpful for understanding the dynamics of outer radiation belt.
Intrapulmonary teratoma misdiagnosed as lung abscess
Authors: Li Fei , Wu Yuzhi , Ye Chunyu , Hao Juntao , Zhai Liqin
Published: May 2022

Background: Intrapulmonary teratoma (IPT) is a rare type of extra gonadal teratoma. Due to the non-specific symptoms, it can be easily misdiagnosed as other diseases. The patient with IPT in our case was initially misdiagnosed with lung abscess, although he underwent bronchoscopy and percutaneous lung puncture biopsy.Case presentation: We reported an intrapulmonary teratoma in a 42-year-old male, who has persistent cough, expectoration and hemoptysis symptoms. Chest computed tomography showed a cavitary mass in the left upper lobe with heterogeneous components. The patient was misdiagnosed with lung abscess at first, who underwent some invasive examinations and was administered different antibiotics in peripheral hospitals. The mass containing silky and nonpigmented hairs were found in the left upper lobe by bronchoscopy in our hospital. Considering the rare bronchoscopic appearance, surgical resection was recommended and postoperative histopathologic examination finally confirmed the diagnosis of IPT.Conclusion: IPTs usually present non-specific symptoms and indistinguishable chest images, which can be easily misdiagnosed. The presences of fat and sebaceous material or masses of hair are highly specific and pathognomic signs for IPT. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatmemt are of great significance for the prognosis of patients with IPT.
Tobramycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Adult patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Clinical-Based Empiric Dosing versus Model-Informed Precision Dosing
Authors: PRAET Antonin , CHARLES Sandrine , WDOWIK Juliette , NAVE Viviane , DURUPT Stéphane , REYNAUD Quitterie , NOVE-JOSSERAND Raphaële , DURIEU Isabelle , REIX Philippe , BOURGUIGNON Laurent , GOUTELLE Sylvain
Published: May 2022

Background:To inform rational dosing of antibiotics, traditional Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) with empiric dose adjustment of has been increasingly supplanted by the use of Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD) software.Our objective was to evaluate a model-informed precision dosing approach specifically designed to individualize empiric tobramycin dosing in adults with cystic fibrosis, and to compare target attainment between both the model-based and the empiric dosing approaches. Methods:The BestDose MIPD-software has been used with a published population pharmacokinetic model of tobramycin. To evaluate the MIPD strategy, we used retrospective data from CF adults treated with tobramycin at our local CF center. Empiric dose adjustments from the clinical staff were examined.Using a simulation-based methodology, individualized tobramycin doses that maximize the probability of attaining a Cmax/MIC ratio of 32 mg/L were retrospectively calculated, and compared with empiric dose adjustments. Results:Overall, 101 CF adults were evaluated. Tobramycin Cmax in patients were low (mean of 25.7 ± 5.6 mg/L). The percentage of patients predicted to achieve a Cmax/MIC of ≥ 32 mg/L was low (12.0 %, mean dose of 8.8 ± 1.3 mg/kg) with empiric dose adjustment. TDM with retrospective PK/PD modelling suggest increasing tobramycin dosing in a much larger number of patients (88.0 %, mean dose of 11.6 ± 2.5 mg/kg). Conclusions:Tobramycin doses empirically corrected by clinicians after TDM were predicted to be still insufficient to achieve the efficacy target in most CF patients. Meanwhile a model-based dosing approach that individualizes the tobramycin dosing led to significantly improved achievement of expected target exposure levels in CF adults. Prospective clinical evaluation is warranted.
First report on the epidemiology of Buxtonella sulcata in bovines in Pakistan
Authors: Mughal Muhammad Adnan Sabir , Khan Muhammad Kasib , Abbas Zaheer , Chatha Abdullah Khalid , Abbas Rao Zahid , Qureshi Anas Sarwar , Mahmood Muhammad Shahid , Ali Sultan , Sindhu Zid-ud-Din , Zafar Arsalan , Nadeem Muhammad , Tariq Hamza
Published: May 2022

Gastro-intestinal parasites are prevalent across the world especially in developing countries. The prevalence is high in rural and semi-urban areas. Buxtonella (B.) sulcata is an opportunistic protozoan parasite causing gastrointestinal (GI) problems in cattle and buffaloes which serve as the reservoir host for this zoonotic pathogen. The oocysts of this parasite are resistant to chemical treatment and survive well in harsh environmental conditions like temperature, humidity etc. outside the host. In Pakistan, limited published data is available on molecular studies on prevalence of this parasite in bovines and associated risk factors. Briefly, 384 faecal samples (as determined through epidemiological sample size calculation formula) were collected from cattle and buffaloes from four towns of District Faisalabad through simple random sampling method. On a pre-designed questionnaire with closed ended questions, data on certain associated risk factors of GI protozoal infections was gathered. Parasitic oocysts were separated from faeces by using centrifugal floatation technique. DNA extraction was done from isolated oocysts of parasites followed by PCR analysis using genus specific primers (18S rRNA gene). Out of total samples collected, 78 samples were found positive for Buxtonella spp. with prevalence rate of 20.31%. The highest prevalence was observed in Lyallpur town 26.17% followed by Iqbal town 19.59%, Jinnah town 14.13% and Madina town 10.23%, respectively. The infection was found higher in buffaloes as compared to cattle in the study zone. Upon phylogenetic analysis, B. sulcata showed 90% similarity with Balantidium (B.) coli isolated from pigs (Accession No. MT191774.1) through Minimum Evolution Method by using Bootstrap test of phylogeny. In conclusion, we need appropriate preventive measures in order to prevent its zoonotic transmission.
Whole genome re-sequencing uncovers significant population structure and low genetic diversity in the threatened clouded apollo (Parnasssius mnemosyne) in Sweden
Authors: Talla Venkat , Mrazek Veronika , Höglund Jacob , Backström Niclas
Published: May 2022

The clouded apollo Clouded Apollo (Parnassius mnemosyne) is formerly used to have a widely distributed, Eurasian butterfly species that shows declining population numbers in many different regions. Within Sweden, both thewider distribution range and the population size has decreased dramatically over the latest decades and the species is now only found in Fenno Scandia but is in Sweden at present one of the most endangered butterflies confined to three geographically isolated regions. separated regional metapopulations: Blekinge, Roslagen and Västernorrland. Especially the Blekinge population have in recent years declined and show low numbers of adults (N<10 in some localities). It is subjected to a species action plan which includes habitat restorations and keeping a breeding population at the zoo Nordens Ark aimed at producing individuals for release and reintroductions. Here, we apply whole-genome resequencing of clouded apollo individuals collected in the three natural populations and athe captive population in Sweden and apply population genomic approaches to get a better understanding of the genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity in the species. We find that the clouded apollo populations in the different geographic regions have similar, but comparatively low levels of genetic diversity and we find evidence for significant genetic differentiation between the northernmost population and the populations in southern Sweden. Additional analysis, including previously available mitochondrial data unveil that a bi-directional re-colonization of Fennoscandia after the latest glacial maximum most likely is the explanation for the considerable differentiation between some Swedish populations. Finally, we find evidence for population sub-structure in one of the Swedish populations. The results provide insights into the genetic consequences of population size declines and fragmentation in general and provide important information for direct conservation actions for the clouded apollo in Sweden in particular.
Molecular detection and seasonal prevalence of small ruminants coccidiosis in the central Zagros region (Iran)
Authors: Karimzadeh Maryam , Kojouri Gholamali , Azizi Hamidreza , Pirali Yaser , Shiran Behrouz
Published: May 2022

Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp.) is a parasite disease in small ruminants that causes diarrhea, weight loss and reduced economic benefits. The purpose of this epidemiological study was to use microscopical and molecular assays to detect coccidia prevalence and isolate species-specific Eimeria from sheep and goats kept in a common pan at high altitude in the central Zagros region. The central Zagros region is a mountainous, semi-humid and cold region with average rainfall which its southern counties are warmer than other districts. For these reasons, throughout the course of several seasons, 1200 fecal samples were obtained from three age groups (less than six months, six to twelve months, and more than six months). Oocytes were counted using saturated saline floating and modified MacMaster techniques and the physical characteristics of sporulated Eimeria oocytes were used to identify them. Finally, all positive fecal samples were sent to a PCR analysis, and coccidia infection was verified. Eimeria infection was shown to be more prevalent in sheep than in goats, with the highest prevalence in spring and the lowest in winter. Females and animals younger than 6 months were similarly found to be more susceptible to Eimeriosis than males and older animals (P < 0.05). In comparison to the southern (1556 meters above sea level) area, the western (2365 meters) and eastern (2432 meters) counties had the highest rates of oocyst excretion in sheep and goats, respectively. In addition, a total of fourteen Eimeria species were isolated, including the highly pathogenic Eimeria granulosa for sheep and E. jolchijevi for goats. These findings explain how coccidia prevalence varies with age, season, and geographic direction, and use of PCR to rule out the possibility of co-infection between sheep and goats kept in the same stall. region.
Study on the critical groundwater depth of controlling risk management in a semi-arid irrigated area in China based on recharge-discharge relationship
Authors: jing haihua , Zhang Jing , Dong Kebao B. , Jin Zexu , Ma Jiaqi , Yan Yuru
Published: May 2022

The imbalance between exploitation and recharge and the yearly decline in water tables is a common water resource problem in semi-arid areas in China. To ensure the sustainable use of groundwater and the stability of the regional hydrological cycle, a reasonable groundwater control table need to be determined to achieve a balance between groundwater exploitation and recharge. Based on the characteristics of the vertical hydrological cycle in semi-arid irrigation areas, this paper used a combination of in situ field experiments and software simulations to calculate the groundwater infiltration recharge under three types of subsurface conditions, namely, drip irrigation under mulch, border irrigation, and bare area, and to analyze the relationship between groundwater infiltration recharge and groundwater table. Based on the relationship between groundwater recharge and discharge, the critical groundwater depth of maintaining exploitation and recharge balance (CGDM) for drip irrigation under mulch was calculated to be 131.52-187.15 cm, and the critical groundwater depth of disrupting exploitation and recharge balance (CGDD) was 307.66-363.67 cm. For border irrigation, the CGDM was 80.00-84.34 cm and the CGDD was 198.87-248.44 cm. It also proposed a groundwater table management strategy to address the risk of imbalance in regional groundwater exploitation and recharge. The critical groundwater depth of controlling risk management (CGDC) can be used for regional groundwater management and guidance for agricultural irrigation, providing technical support for achieving regional groundwater exploitation and recharge balance and maintaining a stable hydrological cycle.
Assessment of Wetlands Aquaculture Practice in the Southern Kerala District, Kerala.
Authors: K varun prasath , ps amritha
Published: May 2022

In Kerala, out of 11.14 lakh of fishers, 2.55 lakh in the inland fishers. Also, 34199.5 ha area of inland wetlands have great potential for fishery resources, but not well documented. In this paper, the contribution of wetland ecosystem resources to fisheries in the Southern Kerala district (SKD) is because of fewer studies. Surveyed 75 inland wetlands and, 247 respondents from areas next to wetlands in five districts of Kerala by group discussions, key informant interviews, and direct observations methods. In Kerala, fish rearing is predominant in Thrissur and Ernakulam district, followed by prawn culture and less mixed cultures. Also, identified 34 fish species, exotic (14.7%), local (85.29%), and three prawn varieties had reared throughout the year. The Pearson correlation results revealed a significant positive relationship between the wetland fish catch and the mesh size (r = 90, .391, p < 000), net length (r = 70, .205, p < .198) and net cost (r = 96, .239, p < 018). According to fishers' capacity, the cost of rearing fish, materials, and expenses is varied. Mostly, the traditional fishing method used and 4–6 fishers required during harvesting and catching. The fishing business had done on a partnership basis, and 63% earns a monthly income below Rs.5000. A sampling of fish diversity provides current knowledge on wetland fisheries and economic status in the SKD. The wetland fishing practices facing severe impacts on recent climate changes, labor cost, and other practical difficulties lead to shifting forms in small-scale fishers nowadays.
Microscopic Modelling of a Wireless Nerve Stimulator Without Electrodes
Authors: Smith Luke Anthony , Bem Jaedon , Lv Xiaojing , Lauto Antonio , Sliow Ashour , Ma Zhiyuan , Mahns David , Berryman Carolyn , Hutchinson Mark , Fumeaux Christophe , Tettamanzi Giuseppe Carlo
Published: May 2022

Electric-field stimulation of neuronal activity can be used to improve the speed of regeneration for severed and damaged nerves. Most techniques, however, require invasive electronic circuitry which can be uncomfortable for the patient and can damage surrounding tissue. A recently suggested technique by Sliow et al instead uses a graft-antenna - a metal ring wrapped around the damaged nerve - powered by an external magnetic stimulation device. This technique requires no electrodes and internal circuitry; all power is provided wirelessly. This paper examines the microscopic mechanisms which allow the magnetic stimulation device to cause neural activation via the graft-antenna. A computational model of the system was created and used to find that under magnetic stimulation, diverging electric fields appear at the metal ring’s edges. If the magnetic stimulation is sufficient, the gradients of these fields can trigger neural activation in the nerve. In agreement with in vivo measurements on rat sciatic nerves, direct contact between the antenna and the nerve ensures neural activation given sufficient magnetic stimulation. Simulations also showed that the presence of a thin gap between the graft-antenna and the nerve does not preclude neural activation but does reduce its efficacy.
MHFFNet: Multi-Scale Hierarchical Feature Fusion Network for ImageCopy-Move Forgery Detection
Authors: Cheng Xu , Yan Mengdi , Li Kai , Fu Zhangjie
Published: May 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.