bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Digital Competency Framework: An Assessment Model for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in the Era of Digital India
Authors: Naganjani U. , Sita V.
Published: September 2023

Small and medium enterprises are the key engines for the economic development of nations. Their role in sustained growth even during the pandemic era is established. Numerous initiatives thus were planned by the government for their growth, sustenance and expansion. Digitalisation is one such initiative as well as a solution in the ‘new normal’. Despite its availability, access and government support, there is considerable digital divide in micro and small businesses. Experience and research confirms that the lack of digital skills and IT literacy is an important reason for this digital divide in India. Studies also reveal a lack of assessment framework to measure the basic digital skills/competencies that cater to micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This paper is an attempt to fill this gap by building a conceptual framework using evidence-centred assessment design (ECD) model that can comprehensively assess the Digital literacy skills/ levels among the MSMEs. This framework will benefit the stakeholders in understanding the current level of digital literacy, skill gap and digital adaptability among the MSMEs and provide a basis for planning digital literacy initiatives and skill development programs. The framework facilitates scale development for empirical testing thus adding to the theoretical rigor. In addition, the paper will open up avenues for future research through scale development to test the measurement of measure digital literacy in different contexts.
Experiences of Parents Supporting Their Young Children Who Use Speech-Generating Devices
Authors: Arserio Allyson P. , Biggs Elizabeth E. , Holz Emily
Published: September 2023

Despite evidence for the usefulness of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for young children with complex communication needs (CCN), several barriers prevent children from accessing AAC intervention. This qualitative study is focused on understanding the lived experiences of parents accessing and learning how to use speech-generating devices with their young children (3-6 years) with CCN. Findings generate insight into the similarities and differences across families’ experiences through several categories and themes: (a) foundational perspectives (determination and resilience; finding balance); (b) experiences getting access to an AAC device (initiating access; navigating barriers); (c) experiences using an AAC device (learning and navigating challenges; supporting their child’s communication at home and in the community; seeing progress); and (d) surrounding factors (family structure, informal supports, and demands; access to services and professional supports; the COVID-19 pandemic). Implications for practice and policy are discussed related to how to improve AAC access and intervention.
Preclinical Safety Evaluation of the Human-Identical Milk Oligosaccharide Lacto-N-Triose II
Authors: Fang Xu , Zhu Wei , Zhao Huiying , Yin Wencheng , Song Xiao , Liu Fengxin
Published: September 2023

Lacto-N-triose II (LNT II), an essential human milk oligosaccharide and precursor to lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), was evaluated for safety. Genotoxicity was assessed through in vitro tests including Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test and mammalian cell micronucleus test, and a subchronic oral gavage toxicity study was conducted on juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, LNT II was administered at dose levels of 0, 1,500, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 90 days, followed by a 4-week treatment-free recovery period. LNT II was non-genotoxic in the in vitro assays. No compound-related effects were observed across all dosage levels based on various measures, including clinical observations, body weight gain, feed consumption, clinical pathology, organ weights, and histopathology. Consequently, the highest dosage of 5,000 mg/kg bw/day was established as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). These results suggest the safe use of LNT II in young children formula and as a food ingredient, within the limits found naturally in human breast milk.
PPG-11 and PPG-15 Stearyl Ether
Authors: Cherian Pryia , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2001, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that PPG-11 and PPG-15 Stearyl Ether are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Glycol Stearate and Glycol Stearate SE
Authors: Tucker Regina , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 1982, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that Glycol Stearate and Glycol Stearate SE are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
HC Yellow 5
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 2007, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that HC Yellow 5 is safe as a hair dye ingredient in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Cottonseed Glyceride and Hydrogenated Cottonseed Glyceride
Authors: Raj Preethi S. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2001, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that Cottonseed Glyceride and Hydrogenated Cottonseed Glyceride are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report, provided that established and imposed limits on gossypol, heavy metals, and pesticide concentrations are not exceeded.
Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates
Authors: Becker Lillian C. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Gill Lillian J. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 1998, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that sodium α-olefin sulfonates are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
The Negative Effect of Name: Mentions of Frontline Service Employee Name Reduce Online Review Persuasiveness
Authors: Li Xinlan , Zhu Dong Hong , Chang Yaping
Published: September 2023

Some retailers encourage consumers to mention the names of frontline service employees when writing online reviews. As a result, although most consumers do not pay attention to frontline service employees’ names during consumption, they often see them in online reviews. The effect of this asymmetry on review persuasiveness is still unknown. This research examines the impact of mentioning frontline service employee names in online reviews on readers’ likelihood of being persuaded by them. The results of one secondary data analysis and four online experiments from China demonstrate that readers are less persuaded by positive online reviews mentioning (vs. not mentioning) frontline service employee names, and perceived deception mediates this negative effect. In addition, the level of required service expertise, occurrence frequency, and review valence moderate this negative effect. For services that require a high level of expertise, when the occurrence frequency of positive reviews mentioning frontline service employee names is low, and when the reviews are negative, the aforementioned negative effect diminishes. Our study offers a new direction for name research and identifies a new factor that influences online review persuasiveness. Our findings provide valuable managerial insights into online review management strategies in the Chinese context.
The effect of distal aspiration catheter position on collateral flow in mechanical thrombectomy – an in vitro study
Authors: Jakobek William , Gravino Gilbert , Nayak Sanjeev , Yang Ying , Ranjbar Jacob , Roffe Christine
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for ischaemic stroke is one of the most effective treatments. Despite the devices and techniques that have been developed, thrombi are not always successfully retrieved. The incidence of futile reperfusion after successful clot retrieval also remains a major concern. We hypothesise that simply placing an aspiration catheter in the system compromises collateral flow which may have an impact on functional outcomes.

Methods

An in vitro study was conducted using a physical pulsatile flow model designed in glass to mimic the anterior cerebral circulation with middle cerebral artery M1 segment occlusion. A 5Fr aspiration catheter was positioned at the supra-clinoid internal carotid (SC-ICA), carotid terminus (T-ICA) and M1. For each catheter position, the flow rate through the model's anterior cerebral (ACA) and posterior communicating (PCOM) arteries was measured (no aspiration applied).

Results

Our results showed significant mean percentage flow reductions in the ACA and PCOM with the catheter positioned at the SC-ICA (PCOM 59.14% ± 0.93, ACA 59.52% ± 0.82, p < 0.001), T-ICA (PCOM 81.54% ± 0.55, ACA 85.65% ± 1.54) and M1 (PCOM 75.79% ± 0.98, ACA 84.20% ± 0.43) (Mann–Whitney U Test, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results indicate a significant reduction in collateral flow following the insertion of a wide bore catheter in an in vitro model. In a clinical setting, this could have an impact on patient outcome, particularly in prolonged procedures and those requiring several passes to achieve recanalisation.
Struggling With Change: The Fragile Resilience of Collectives
Authors: Schweitzer Frank , Zingg Christian , Casiraghi Giona
Published: September 2023

Collectives form nonequilibrium social structures characterized by volatile dynamics. Individuals join or leave. Social relations change quickly. Therefore, unlike engineered or ecological systems, a resilient reference state cannot be defined. We propose a novel resilience measure combining two dimensions: robustness and adaptivity. We demonstrate how they can be quantified using data from a software-developer collective. Our analysis reveals a resilience life cycle (i.e., stages of increasing resilience are followed by stages of decreasing resilience). We explain the reasons for these observed dynamics and provide a formal model to reproduce them. The resilience life cycle allows distinguishing between short-term resilience, given by a sequence of resilient states, and long-term resilience, which requires collectives to survive through different cycles.
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a position paper and registry outline
Authors: Bayas Antonios , Berthele Achim , Blank Norbert , Dreger Peter , Faissner Simon , Friese Manuel A. , Gerdes Lisa-Ann , Grauer Oliver Martin , Häussler Vivien , Heesen Christoph , Janson Dietlinde , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Kowarik Markus , Kröger Nikolaus , Lünemann Jan D. , Martin Roland , Meier Uwe , Meuth Sven , Muraro Paolo , Platten Michael , Schirmer Lucas , Stürner Klarissa Hanja , Stellmann Jan Patrick , Scheid Christof , Bergh Florian Then , Warnke Clemens , Wildemann Brigitte , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: September 2023

Background:

While substantial progress has been made in the development of disease-modifying medications for multiple sclerosis (MS), a high percentage of treated patients still show progression and persistent inflammatory activity. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) aims at eliminating a pathogenic immune repertoire through intense short-term immunosuppression that enables subsequent regeneration of a new and healthy immune system to re-establish immune tolerance for a long period of time. A number of mostly open-label, uncontrolled studies conducted over the past 20 years collected about 4000 cases. They uniformly reported high efficacy of AHSCT in controlling MS inflammatory disease activity, more markedly beneficial in relapsing-remitting MS. Immunological studies provided evidence for qualitative immune resetting following AHSCT. These data and improved safety profiles of transplantation procedures spurred interest in using AHSCT as a treatment option for MS.

Objective:

To develop expert consensus recommendations on AHSCT in Germany and outline a registry study project.

Methods:

An open call among MS neurologists as well as among experts in stem cell transplantation in Germany started in December 2021 to join a series of virtual meetings.

Results:

We provide a consensus-based opinion paper authored by 25 experts on the up-to-date optimal use of AHSCT in managing MS based on the Swiss criteria. Current data indicate that patients who are most likely to benefit from AHSCT have relapsing-remitting MS and are young, ambulatory and have high disease activity. Treatment data with AHSCT will be collected within the German REgistry Cohort of autologous haematopoietic stem CeLl trAnsplantation In MS (RECLAIM).

Conclusion:

Further clinical trials, including registry-based analyses, are urgently needed to better define the patient characteristics, efficacy and safety profile of AHSCT compared with other high-efficacy therapies and to optimally position it as a treatment option in different MS disease stages.
Clinico-demographic characteristics and outcomes of radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS): a CanSaRCC study
Authors: Ribeiro Mauricio Fernando , Peretz Soroka Hagit , Bhura Zainab , Hirsch Ian , Wunder Jay , Ferguson Peter , Tsoi Kim , Brar Savtaj , Gladdy Rebecca , Swallow Carol , Chung Peter , Catton Charles , Wong Philip , Watson Geoffrey , Razak Albiruni Ryan Abdul , Gupta Abha A. , Shultz David
Published: September 2023

Background:

Radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) tend to have aggressive behaviour and because of their rarity, the most appropriate management for these malignancies is uncertain.

Objectives:

Using the Canadian Sarcoma Research and Clinical Collaboration (CanSaRCC) database, a national sarcoma registry, we aimed to investigate prognostic factors and outcomes for RIS.

Design:

Retrospective study of RIS patients treated from 1996 to 2021 at three Canadian centres.

Methods:

RIS was defined as a sarcoma arising in a previously irradiated field following a 3+ year latency period, whose histology was distinct from the initially irradiated tumour. Clinicopathologic and treatment-related information was extracted from the CanSaRCC database. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from RIS diagnosis to death from any cause. Response rate (RR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was based on physician assessment. Time-to-event analyses were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, with Cox regression for multivariate analysis. We considered a two-tailed p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:

One hundred seven tumours met the criteria for RIS and were divided into three subgroups: breast angiosarcoma (BAS, n = 54), osteosarcoma (OST, n = 16), and other soft-tissue sarcomas (STS, n = 37). Patients were mostly female ( n = 85, 79%), treated initially for breast carcinomas ( n = 54, 50.5%), and diagnosed with high-grade tumours ( n = 61/71, 86%). None had evidence of synchronous metastasis. Patients with OST were younger (median age: 48 years, p < 0.001), and BAS had the shortest latency interval (8 versus 18 years for OST/STS, p < 0.001). Most patients underwent surgery, 76% ( n = 76/100) R0; 24% ( n = 26) received radiation therapy, mostly ( n = 15, 57.7%) neoadjuvant. Among those receiving chemotherapy, 30 (75%) underwent NACT; among patients with documented response assessment, the RR was 68% ( n = 17/25), being even higher in the BAS population (89.5%, n = 13/17). Median OS was 53 months (95% CI 34–101), with a 5-year OS of 47.6%; larger tumour size, high histologic grade and older age were independent prognostic factors for worse OS.

Conclusion:

Surgery is standard, and NACT might be useful to downsize large lesions, especially in BAS patients. Raising RIS awareness is fundamental to promoting appropriate management and fostering research through multi-institutional collaborations.
Has Sustained Time Away From Sports Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Led to Increased Sport-Related Soft Tissue Injuries?
Authors: Yang Daniel , Orellana Kevin , Lee Julianna , Stevens Alex , Talwar Divya , Ganley Theodore
Published: September 2023

Background:

A decrease in sport-related injuries was observed in 2020, which has been attributed to COVID-19 and recommendations to suspend organized sports. In adult populations, increased injury rates have been noted in athletes returning to play after an extended period of reduced play, attributable to deconditioning. There is growing literature surrounding concern over increased injury risk after return to sport after the COVID-19 shutdowns.

Hypothesis:

Like adults, pediatric patients experience an increase in sport-related injuries after periods of “deconditioning,” such as during the COVID-19 shutdown.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

The Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried to identify 13- to 18-year-old patients who sustained a sprain/strain type injury in 2019 or 2021 to an extremity, and involved sporting equipment for basketball, baseball/softball, soccer, and football. The control group was established as patients who sustained injury in 2019, and the post-COVID-19 group was established as those in 2021. Quantity of injuries sustained in these 2 groups were compared and analyzed by subgroup.

Results:

There was a significant difference in the total number of sport-related sprains/strains in 2019 versus 2021 ( P = 0.01), with more injuries in 2019 (n = 151,067) than in 2021 (n = 104,041). There were more injuries in boys than in girls. Proportion of injuries by sports were similar in both time periods. There was a significant decrease in basketball-related injuries by 21% ( P ≤ 0.01, relative risk ratio [rrr] = 0.7979) and a significant increase in football-related injuries by 14% ( P = 0.01, rrr = 1.1404) and in soccer injuries by 14.2% ( P = 0.03, rrr = 1.1422).

Conclusion:

There is significant heterogeneity in injury rates by sports, with no conclusive increase in injuries, contrary to expectations.

Clinical Relevance:

This study suggests that the relationship between deconditioning and injury may be less clear in the child-athlete, and gives recommendations for return to sport after extended breaks.

Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):

Level 2c.
Understandings and misunderstandings of gua sha: A discussion from the perspective of scientific multiculturalism
Authors: Yue Liyuan
Published: September 2023

As a traditional therapeutic practice, gua sha (刮痧) has been controversial because of its differences from the theoretical understandings of modern Western medicine. This paper presents an analysis of the historical evolution of the concept, treatments and theoretical origins of gua sha based on previous studies and examines the practice of gua sha from the perspective of scientific multiculturalism. It stresses that the body concept and the medical theory represented by this therapy are also parts of science in a diversified and broader sense. The resolution of disputes about gua sha requires a change in people's conservative mindset to adopt a position of scientific multiculturalism.
Acupuncture as a way of knowing the body
Authors: Zhang Shujian
Published: September 2023

Observation, speculation and experimentation are the means for the generation of knowledge about acupuncture, and they also provide basic ways to understand the body from the perspective of acupuncture. Observation involves external touching and internal anatomy. Through observation, the basic patterns of meridians and acupoints can be understood. The theory of meridians and acupoints was formed based on the two speculation methods of analogy and reasoning, but speculation does not necessarily lead to truth. Another approach—holographic thinking—provides a new method of knowing the body. The greatest contribution of acupuncture experimentation lies in discovering the correlation between the body's surface and its viscera, and this is of far-reaching significance.
Evaluating Predictors of Participation in Telephone-Based Social-Connectedness Interventions for Older Adults: A Dual Machine-Learning and Regression Approach
Authors: Chae Minji , Chavez Arlette , Singh Maya , Holbrook Jordan , Glasheen William P. , Woodard LeChauncy , Adepoju Omolola E.
Published: September 2023

Social isolation is a well-documented contributor to poor mental and physical health, and interventions promoting social connectedness have been associated with various health benefits. This study examined predictors of participation in a telephone-based social connectedness intervention for socially isolated older adults. Data were obtained from a social-connectedness intervention that paired college students with Houston-area, community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older and enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans. We combined machine learning and regression techniques to identify significant predictors of program participation. The following machine-learning methods were implemented: (1) k-nearest neighbors, (2) decision tree and ensembles of decision trees, (3) gradient-boosted decision tree, and (4) random forest. The primary outcome was a binary flag indicating participation in the telephone-based social-connectedness intervention. The most predictive variables in the ML models, with scores corresponding to the 90th percentile or greater, were included in the regression analysis. The predictive ability of each model showed high discriminative power, with test accuracies greater than 95%. Our findings suggest that telephone-based social-connectedness interventions appeal to individuals with disabilities, depression, arthritis, and higher risk scores. scores. Recognizing features that predict participation in social-connectedness programs is the first step to increasing reach and fostering patient engagement.
Examining the Threat of ChatGPT to the Validity of Short Answer Assessments in an Undergraduate Medical Program
Authors: Morjaria Leo , Burns Levi , Bracken Keyna , Ngo Quang N. , Lee Mark , Levinson Anthony J. , Smith John , Thompson Penelope , Sibbald Matthew
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence model that can interpret free-text prompts and return detailed, human-like responses across a wide domain of subjects. This study evaluated the extent of the threat posed by ChatGPT to the validity of short-answer assessment problems used to examine pre-clerkship medical students in our undergraduate medical education program.

METHODS

Forty problems used in prior student assessments were retrieved and stratified by levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. Thirty of these problems were submitted to ChatGPT-3.5. For the remaining 10 problems, we retrieved past minimally passing student responses. Six tutors graded each of the 40 responses. Comparison of performance between student-generated and ChatGPT-generated answers aggregated as a whole and grouped by Bloom's levels of cognitive reasoning, was done using t-tests, ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, and Cohen's d. Scores for ChatGPT-generated responses were also compared to historical class average performance.

RESULTS

ChatGPT-generated responses received a mean score of 3.29 out of 5 (n = 30, 95% CI 2.93-3.65) compared to 2.38 for a group of students meeting minimum passing marks (n = 10, 95% CI 1.94-2.82), representing higher performance ( P = .008, η2 = 0.169), but was outperformed by historical class average scores on the same 30 problems (mean 3.67, P = .018) when including all past responses regardless of student performance level. There was no statistically significant trend in performance across domains of Bloom's Taxonomy.

CONCLUSION

While ChatGPT was able to pass short answer assessment problems spanning the pre-clerkship curriculum, it outperformed only underperforming students. We remark that tutors in several cases were convinced that ChatGPT-produced responses were produced by students. Risks to assessment validity include uncertainty in identifying struggling students and inability to intervene in a timely manner. The performance of ChatGPT on problems requiring increasing demands of cognitive reasoning warrants further research.
Locus control based on microtexturing model in the elliptical vibration-assisted turning
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Zixuan
Published: September 2023

Elliptical vibration-assisted cutting (EVC) is an efficient cutting process in the fabrication of microtextures. In this paper, a novel locus control method for EVC is proposed to fabricate intricate surface textures. First, the mechanism of the EVC microtexturing process is analyzed. Then the detailed ideas and mapping process of the locus control method of EVC according to the model of microtexture are investigated. To realize the mapping process of the locus control, the relationship between the elliptical vibration locus and the discrete points of the microtexturing model is established, while the generation algorithm of excitation inputs for the actual elliptical vibration exciter is developed. A series of EVC microtexturing turning experiments are performed while microtexturing simulation experiments are also conducted. The test results between microtexturing turning and simulation experiments show that the proposed locus control method is satisfactory and can be used to fabricate differently shaped microtextures.
Liraglutide attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMPK/ACC signaling and inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Guo Tingli , Yan Wenhui , Cui Xin , Liu Na , Wei Xiaotong , Sun Yuzhuo , Fan KeXin , Liu Jieyun , Zhu Yuanyuan , Wang Zhuanzhuan , Zhang Yilei , Chen Lina
Published: September 2023

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves multiple biological changes, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as genetic and environmental factors. Liraglutide has been used to control blood sugar. But the impact of liraglutide on T2DM-associated NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact and potential molecular mechanisms of inhibiting ferroptosis for liraglutide improves T2DM-associated NAFLD.

Methods

Mice were fed on high-fat-diet and injected with streptozotocin to mimic T2DM-associated NAFLD and gene expression in liver was analysed by RNA-seq. The fast blood glucose was measured during the period of liraglutide and ferrostatin-1 administration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in the liver. The occurrence of hepatic ferroptosis was measured by lipid peroxidation in vivo. The mechanism of liraglutide inhibition ferroptosis was investigated by in vitro cell culture.

Results

Liraglutide not only improved glucose metabolism, but also ameliorated tissue damage in the livers. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that liraglutide regulates lipid metabolism related signaling including AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, ferroptosis inhibitor rather than other cell death inhibitors rescued liver cell viability in the presence of high glucose. Mechanistically, liraglutide-induced activation of AMPK phosphorylated ACC, while AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the liraglutide-mediated suppression of ferroptosis. Moreover, ferroptosis inhibitor restored liver function in T2DM mice in vivo.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that liraglutide ameliorates the T2DM-associated NAFLD, which possibly through the activation of AMPK/ACC pathway and inhibition of ferroptosis.
Digital image processing realized by memristor-based technologies
Authors: Wang Lei , Meng Qingyue , Wang Huihui , Jiang Jiyuan , Wan Xiang , Liu Xiaoyan , Lian Xiaojuan , Cai Zhikuang
Published: September 2023

Today performance and operational efficiency of computer systems on digital image processing are exacerbated owing to the increased complexity of image processing. It is also difficult for image processors based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transistors to continuously increase the integration density, causing by their underlying physical restriction and economic costs. However, such obstacles can be eliminated by non-volatile resistive memory technologies (known as memristors), arising from their compacted area, speed, power consumption high efficiency, and in-memory computing capability. This review begins with presenting the image processing methods based on pure algorithm and conventional CMOS-based digital image processing strategies. Subsequently, current issues faced by digital image processing and the strategies adopted for overcoming these issues, are discussed. The state-of-the-art memristor technologies and their challenges in digital image processing applications are also introduced, such as memristor-based image compression, memristor-based edge and line detections, and voice and image recognition using memristors. This review finally envisages the prospects for successful implementation of memristor devices in digital image processing.
Novel image analyser-assisted morphometric methodology offer unique opportunity for selection of embryos with potential for implantation
Authors: Alhelou Y , Hamdan M , Razali N , Adenan NAM , Ali J
Published: September 2023

Background

Previous studies looked into the connections between pregnancy and the Zona Pellucida (ZP) thickness and Zona Pellucida Thickness Variation (ZPTV), as well as the embryo’s radius, circumference, perimeter and global symmetry. However, no research has linked embryo implantation and pregnancy to the percentage of ZP thinning, the reduction in ooplasm volume, and the increase in perivitelline space (PVS) volume. Our objective is to correlate the percentage of ZP thinning, the percentage of ooplasm volume shrinkage and the percentage of PVS increase to the implantation. These data will be used for embryo selection as well as it can be put into a software that will assist embryo selection.

Materials and methods

Retrospective study included 281 patients, all of them had 2 embryos transferred, 149 patients got pregnant with two gestation sacs and 132 patients did not get pregnant. All of the transferred embryos had the ZP thickness measured several times from time of ICSI till Embryo Transfer (ET), the ooplasm volume was calculated from time of ICSI till two Pronuclei (2PN) fading and the PVS was calculated from the ICSI time till the 2PN fading.

Results

The first characteristic is the change in the average ZP thickness that decreased by 32.7% + 5.3% at 70 h for the implanted embryos (Group 1) versus 23.6% + 4.8% for non-implanted embryos (Group 2) p = 0.000. The second characteristic is the average reduction in the volume of the ooplasm which is 20.5% + 4.3% in Group 1 versus 15.1% + 5.2% in Group 2, p = 0.000. The third characteristic is the increase in the volume of the PVS which was 38.1% + 7.6% in Group 1 versus 31.6% + 9.7% in Group 2 p = 0.000.

Conclusion

The implanted embryos showed higher percent of ZP thinning, higher percent of ooplasm reduction and higher percent of PVS increase.
Association of high-risk comorbidity with overall survival among patients with gastric cancer and its sex-specific differences in China: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Wu Ju , Tian Simiao , Xu Jian , Cheng Nan , Chen Xi , Yin Jiajun , Nie Zhequn
Published: September 2023

Background

Concomitant diseases often occur in cancer patients and are important in decision-making regarding treatments. However, information regarding the prognostic relevance of comorbidities for mortality risk is still limited among Chinese gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between comorbidities and 3-year mortality risk.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 376 GC patients undergoing radical gastrectomy at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2011 to December 2019. Demographic and clinicopathological information and treatment outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into low-, moderate- and high-risk comorbidity groups based on their Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and age-adjusted CCI (ACCI) scores. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to examine 3-year overall survival (OS) and mortality risk for each group.

Results

The median follow-up time was 43.5 months, and 40.2% (151/376) of GC patients had died at the last follow-up. There were significant differences in OS rates between ACCI-based comorbidity groups (76.56; 64.51; 54.55%, log-rank P = 0.011) but not between CCI-based comorbidity groups (log-rank P = 0.16). The high-risk comorbidity group based on the ACCI remained a significant prognostic factor for 3-year OS in multivariate analysis, with an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.15–3.44). Subgroup analysis revealed that this pattern only held for male GC patients but not for female patients.

Conclusion

The present study suggested that high-risk comorbidities were significantly associated with a higher mortality risk, particularly in Chinese male GC patients. Moreover, the ACCI score was an independent prognostic factor of long-term mortality.
National survey on the availability of oncology palliative care services at tertiary general and cancer hospitals in China
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Wang Xin Shelley , Huang Haili , Liu Miao , Wu Yinan , Qiu Jiaojiao , Zhang Boran , Cui Linhong , Hui David
Published: September 2023

Background

This nationwide survey studied the level of palliative care (PC) access for Chinese patients with cancer among cancer care providers either in tertiary general hospitals or cancer hospitals in China.

Methods

Using a probability-proportionate-to-size method, we identified local tertiary general hospitals with oncology departments to match cancer hospitals at the same geographic area. A PC program leader or a designee at each hospital reported available PC services, including staffing, inpatient and outpatient services, education, and research, with most questions adapted from a previous national survey on PC. The primary outcome was availability of a PC service.

Results

Most responders reported that some type of PC service (possibly called “comprehensive cancer care,” “pain and symptom management,” or “supportive care”) was available at their institution (84.3% of tertiary general hospitals, 82.8% of cancer hospitals). However, cancer hospitals were significantly more likely than tertiary general hospitals to have a PC department or specialist (34.1% vs. 15.5%, p < 0.001). The most popular services were pain consultation (> 92%), symptom management (> 77%), comprehensive care plans (~ 60%), obtaining advanced directives and do-not-resuscitate orders (~ 45%), referrals to hospice (> 32%), and psychiatric assessment (> 25%). Cancer hospitals were also more likely than tertiary general hospitals to report having inpatient beds for PC (46.3% vs. 30.5%; p = 0.010), outpatient PC clinics (28.0% vs. 16.8%; p = 0.029), educational programs (18.2% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.014), and research programs (17.2% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Cancer hospitals are more likely to offer PC than are tertiary general hospitals in China. Our findings highlight opportunities to further increase the PC capacity in Chinese hospitals.
Early infant diagnosis of HIV infection: a mixed-method study of uptake and challenges at primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Okusanya BO , Nweke CI , Akeju DO , Ehiri J
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Nigeria has a low uptake of early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV despite its high pediatric HIV infection rate. Efforts to increase the EID of HIV have been limited by many factors. This research assessed EID uptake and challenges service providers experienced in providing routine care for HIV-exposed infants.

Methods

This is a mixed-method study at primary health centers (PHCs) in Lagos state, Nigeria. The quantitative component of the research was a review of the PMTCT Infant Follow-up Register at a purposive sample of 22 PHCs of Lagos State. The number of HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) returned for a dried blood sample (DBS) collection, date of collection, and the infant’s EID results for one year preceding the study were captured on Research Electronic Data Capture (RedCap). In-depth interviews were conducted with service providers purposively selected per participating PHC. Electronic transcripts were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 (VERBI Software, 2019).

Results

Twenty-two Lagos State primary health centers participated in the research. Fifteen PHCs (68.2%) had PMTCT HIV counseling and Infant follow-up registers. Documentation of DBS sample collection was observed in 12 (54.6%) PHCs. Both DBS sample collection and EID results documentation were observed in only nine (40.9%) PHCs. In-depth interviews revealed both maternal and health systems’ challenges to EID. The denial of HIV status was the only maternal factor reported as a barrier against the use of EID services. Health systems challenges include unavailability of EID services, uncertainty regarding whether EID is performed in a facility, referral to secondary health facilities for EID services (leading to losses to follow-up), and delay in getting results of EID. Task-shifting of DBS collection by nurses was suggested as means to increase access to EID services.

Conclusions

There is a need to expand EID services and address women’s denial of HIV infection. Counseling women and linkage to available services are emphasized. Re-training of health workers on DBS collection and proper documentation of EID services were noted as key to improving the implementation of early infant diagnosis of HIV in the state.
The impact of the national volume-based procurement policy on the use of policy-related drugs in Nanjing: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Wang Xiao , He Xuan , Zhang Pei , Zhang Mengdie , Ma Rui , Dai Rouli , Li Xin
Published: September 2023

Background

In September 2019, the “4 + 7” centralized procurement pilot program was expanded nationwide aiming at reducing drug prices by means of volume-based procurement and using accredited generic drugs for branded drug substitutes. Given the current uncertain effect of the policy outside pilot areas, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the National Volume-based Procurement policy on the use of policy-related drugs after expansion.

Method

A single-group interrupted time series was applied using drug purchase data, covering 25 months from December 2018 to December 2020. Drugs related to the centralized procurement policy were selected as samples, including 25 first-batch policy-related drugs and 56 alternative drugs. Centralized procured drugs can be divided into bid-winning and non-winning products, where non-winning products were sorted into generic and branded drugs, and alternative products were classified according to different degrees of substitution. Purchase volume, expenditures, and daily costs were measured.

Results

After the implementation of the policy, a significant increase was associated with the volume of bid-winning drugs (p < 0.001) and the volume of generic and branded drugs decreased immediately. The DDDc of drugs under the same generic name significantly reduced (an instantaneous drop of bid-winning drugs by approximately 25%, 7.62 CNY for generics and 3.07 CNY for branded drugs), saving 48.2 million CNY of drug expenditures. The policy has a significant effect on the drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and exerted little influence on the drug for the treatment of nervous diseases, and the substitution of generics for antitumor-branded drugs was not obvious. In addition, the procurement volume of alternative drugs appeared to be a “carry-over”.

Conclusions

These findings indicated that the policy demonstrated positive effects in terms of price reductions and cost savings and accelerated the substitution of generics against branded drugs. The “patent cliff” for branded drugs has gradually emerged. Besides, a short-term “spillover effect” of the volume of alternative drugs was observed, requiring special attention and vigilance.
Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment
Authors: Alvarez-Artime Alejandro , Garcia-Soler Belen , Gonzalez-Menendez Pedro , Fernandez-Vega Sheila , Cernuda-Cernuda Rafael , Hevia David , Mayo Juan C. , Sainz Rosa M.
Published: September 2023

Background

Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work.

Methods

Surgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes.

Results

Androgen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles.

Conclusions

Consequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression.
Evaluation of semen DNA integrity and related parameters with COVID-19 infection: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Shuibo , Hu Hongji , Wang Jiayao , Huang Xueming , Li Jianhao , Li Dongshui
Published: September 2023

Background

In the context of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, Its impact on male reproductive function should be concerned.

Methods

Our study is a prospective cohort study that recruited participants infected or uninfected with COVID-19 between December 2022 and March 2023. All laboratory tests and questionnaire data were completed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. A total of 132 participants were enrolled, with 78 COVID-19 positive patients as the positive group and 54 COVID-19 negative participants as the negative group. Semen quality was assessed by the fifth World Health Organization criteria. The general characteristics of semen samples were assessed using CASA (computer-assisted sperm analysis). DNA damage and the high density stainability was assessed by sperm chromatin structure analysis (SCSA) based on flowcytometry.

Results

The sperm concentration, progressive motility and motility in COVID-19 negative group were significantly higher than positive group. In the following DNA damage analysis, a remarkably lower sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in the COVID-19 negative group. In the positive group, unhealthy lifestyles had no significant effect on semen parameters, DNA fragmentation and nuclear compaction.

Conclusions

After excluding the interference of unhealthy lifestyle, the COVID-19 infection can have a significant impact on the quality of semen, especially the DFI,. Therefore, it shows that COVID-19 can adversely affects male fertility, and this result provides advisory guidance for clinicians.