bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific entorhinal cortex functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults with amyloid-β pathology
Authors: Gong Liang , Xi Chunhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The sex-specific brain alteration in cognitively normal older adults with amyloid-β pathology was unclear. Goal(s): This study aimed to investigate the impact of sex and APOE genotype on the functional connectivity of the entorhinal cortex (ERC) in cognitively normal older adults with amyloid-β pathology. Approach: Using a large sample from the A4 study, the authors performed a comprehensive analysis comparing demographic information, cognitive performance, volumetric MRI data, and ERC functional connectivity. Results: Results revealed sex-specific differences in ERC connectivity, with males showing higher connectivity in the sensorimotor network and females exhibiting higher connectivity in the default mode, executive control, and reward networks. Impact: This study sheds light on the influence of sex and APOE genotype on the functional connectivity of the entorhinal cortex in cognitively normal older adults with amyloid-β pathology.
One year aerobic exercise improved fitness, cognition, reduced arterial stiffness and brain vascular reactivity to CO2 in amnestic MCI
Authors: Penukonda Suhaas , Tarumi Takashi , Sheng Min , Tomoto Tsubasa , Cullum Munro , Zhang Rong , Lu Hanzhang , Thomas Binu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The benefits of long-term aerobic exercise (AE) on brain function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients is not fully understood. Goal(s): This study assesses long-term benefits of AE on cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in aMCI in relation to cognition, cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid arterial stiffness. Approach: 27 aMCI patients were assigned randomly to either AE or stretching and toning (ST) groups. CVR MRI, cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, carotid arterial stiffness using ultrasound were measured before and one-year after AE or ST intervention. Results: One-year intervention improved fitness and cognition, decreased arterial stiffness and CVR in the AE group, not different in the ST group. Impact: Long-term aerobic exercise (AE) intervention in amnestic MCI patients improved cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition, reduced arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR), suggesting that long-term AE improves cognition and vasculature; CVR reduction is suggestive of vascular adaptations to long-term AE.
Correlations between regional brain cortical volumes and categorical verbal fluency test
Authors: Akazawa Kentaro , Kuriyama Nagato , Ozaki Etsuko , Matsui Daisuke , Koyama Teruhide , Watanabe Keita , Sakai Koji , Marunaka Yoshinori , Takada Akihiro , Mizuno Toshiki , Yamada Kei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To investigate whether there are correlations between regional brain volume and the categorical verbal fluency test (CFT). Goal(s): While the relationship between CFT and the region of cerebral infarction or brain function has been investigated, it remains uncertain whether they also correlate with local brain volume. Approach: We used a multiple regression analysis with age, gender, and total brain volume as covariates to examine the relationship between 267 community residents' cortical volume and CFT scores. A 3D high-resolution brain MRI captured the images. Results: The volume of the left inferior frontal gyrus had a significant correlation with the CFT. Impact: This result suggests a potential association between brain volume and various neuropsychological impairments. Furthermore, it motivates the exploration of a novel time-based examination of the manifestation of changes in brain metabolism, function, and volume in the context of neuropsychological alterations.
Eliminating banding artifacts in bSSFP using Parallel Transmission in vivo
Authors: Wu Chia-Yin , Jin Jin , Barth Markus , Cloos Martijn
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The bSSFP sequence is a highly efficient acquisition strategy that provides high SNR. At ultra-high field it becomes more susceptible to B0 inhomogeneities which leads to banding artifacts and signal loss. Goal(s): To eliminate banding artifacts without SNR loss or time penalty. Approach: A pair of parallel transmit (pTx) pulses was designed to compensate for the off-resonance dephasing accumulated over the duration of one TR in the human brain at 7T. Results: With a tailored pair of pTx pulses it was possible to compensate for off-resonance effects which lead to banding artifacts whilst also providing a uniform excitation in a single bSSFP acquisition. Impact: Parallel transmit is well known for efficient radiofrequency pulse designs that produce uniform excitations. We showed that pTx pulses can simultaneously address other off-resonance effects accumulated over the duration of one TR in the human brain at 7 Tesla.
A 64-channel ex-vivo brain coil array for temperature-controlled diffusion imaging with the Connectome 2.0 MRI scanner
Authors: Scholz Alina , Mahmutovic Mirsad , Ramos-Llordén Gabriel , Maffei Chiara , Stockman Jason , Kirsch John , Wald Lawrence , Mekkaoui Choukri , Yendiki Anastasia , Huang Susie , Keil Boris
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Ex-vivo brain DWI with long scan times poses the problem of temperature-related drift of diffusion measurement results. Goal(s): The construction of a 64-channel ex-vivo brain coil with time-course temperature stabilization for obtaining accurate DWI measurements. Approach: Combining a newly developed high-density ex-vivo brain coil array with a forced-air cooling system and a multi-channel temperature recording. Results: The air circulation system was able to maintain the ambient temperature of the coil and, thus, stabilizing the mean diffusivity values over repeated lengthy scans. Without cooling, a drift of the mean diffusivity was overserved, peaking at a 35%-offset at approximately 11 hours. Impact: Temperature-stabilized post-mortem brain samples for diffusion MRI in combination with a dedicated large channel count ex-vivo brain coil improves image quality in terms of achievable SNR and greatly reduced temperature-induced diffusivity shifts.
Design and application of a 16-channel field-probe insert for a 16Tx/32 Rx coil at 9.4 Tesla
Authors: Bause Jonas , Valsala Praveen Iyyappan , Bosch Dario , Ehses Philipp , Avdievich Nikolai , Scheffler Klaus
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Gradient imperfections and significant field fluctuations due to physiology at higher field can degrade the image quality and thus limit the use of certain readout trajectories. Goal(s): To perform concurrent monitoring of the encoding gradients and other spatio-temporal field variations during imaging at 9.4 Tesla. Approach: We optimized, designed and manufactured a highly customizable field-probe insert for a 16Tx/32Rx RF array and performed an initial in-vivo experiment. Results: The locations of the probes yield good conditioning for measuring field up to second order spherical harmonics and showed an acceptable reduction in decay time. We demonstrated concurrent field monitoring with a 2D spiral experiment. Impact: Correction of trajectory and field deviations due to system imperfections and physiological effects is important for measurements with long readouts and echo times at ultra-high fields. We present a coil insert that allows simultaneous field monitoring at 9.4 T.
Stochastic-offset-strategy enhanced RF pulse optimization with auto-differentiation
Authors: Zhang Molin , Arango Nicolas , Diaz Sebo , White Jacob , Adalsteinsson Elfar
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Voxel-wise objective function with auto-differentiation for RF pulse optimization has become prevalent. While benefit from the spatial flexibility of desired pattern, conventional fixed-point representation of a matrix fed into the voxel-wise objective function leads to sub-optimal and undesired resultant profile at courser resolution. Goal(s): This abstract aims to address the issues of fixed-point artifact in the resultant excitation/refocusing profile. Approach: We proposed a method called stochastic-offset-approach which assigns random spatial offsets to each point centered at voxel. The objective function is evaluated on this modified set of points. Results: The results show that our proposed method achieve superior performance compared with fixed-point method. Impact: This method would significantly speed up and improve the performance of optimizations with voxel-wise objective function evaluated at fixed points under coarser resolution.
Susceptibility tensor imaging of ex vivo human hemibrain using 7T human MR scanner
Authors: Uchida Yuto , Shin Hyeong-Geol , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Onda Kengo , Barrett Alexander , Bibic Adnan , Troncoso Juan , Zijl Peter , Oishi Kenichi , Li Xu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High-resolution ex vivo susceptibility tensor imaging (STI) shows promise in visualizing detailed microstructural neuroanatomy related to tissue magnetic susceptibility contrast but is usually challenging with large human brain samples. Goal(s): This work aimed to demonstrate a feasible protocol for STI on postmortem human hemibrain using a 7T human MR scanner. Approach: De-identified human brain samples of the left hemisphere were collected, prepared, and scanned with a 3D multi-echo gradient echo sequence with 0.5 mm isotropic resolution. Results: Multi-orientation quantitative susceptibility mapping and STI with a maximum of 12 orientations were obtained. Myelinated fibers and iron deposition in cortical substructures were visualized. Impact: The proposed ex vivo MRI protocol is expected to be helpful to researchers interested in STI. The ex vivo STI acquired through this protocol may provide anatomical references for in vivo STI studies.
Modeling structural and functional connectomics with proteomics in a preclinical model of tauopathy
Authors: Hipskind Elizabeth , Fadel Lindsay , Ortiz Caitlyn , Nelson Katherine , Pedersen Steen , Samee Md. Abul Hassan , Pautler Robia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Identifying neurological changes in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is critical for early intervention. Tau accumulation is a key pathological feature in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Goal(s): This project investigates how tau accumulation impacts structural and functional connectivity in the brain and cognitive decline. Approach: We use behavioral assessments of learning and memory in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy with awake resting-state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging at three timepoints during the course of tau accumulation. Results: As tau accumulates, we identify patterns of functional connectivity changes. We plan to use machine learning to link these changes to cognitive decline. Impact: We study how tau accumulation affects brain functional connectivity and cognitive decline in a mouse model of tauopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging may offer non-invasive tools for assessing Alzheimer's Disease pathology, potentially aiding in early diagnosis.
Correlation between intra-axonal T2 and histological axon diameter in rat brain
Authors: Dell'Acqua Veronica , Parker Greg , Tax Chantal , Hughes Ruth , O'Sullivan Tom , Fuller Martin , Peckham Michelle , Rodriguez Erick Jorge Canales , Schneider Jurgen , Teh Irvin , Jones Derek
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alteration of the axon radii has been previously linked with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurologic pathologies. The possibility of resolving submicrometric axon diameter yields the potential to open new diagnostic avenues. Goal(s): Validation of the previously presented surface-based relaxation model, assessing the feasibility of estimating axon diameter based on intra-axonal transverse relaxation times. Approach: Correlating diffusion-relaxation MRI data acquired in an ex-vivo rat sample and axon diameter measures based on histology data in the Corpus Callosum. Results: The results confirm the previously reported linear relationship between intra-axonal T2 and axon diameter as estimated based on histology. Impact: This first direct validation experiment of the relationship between intra-axonal T2 and axon diameter employing a surface-based relaxation model could pave the way for a novel biomarker in neurological disease.
DTI and NODDI to monitor treatment effect for stroke in middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Richards Todd , Pham Van , Totten Stephanie , Schweitzer Brendan , Weinstein Jonathan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Stroke is a serious medical condition that can lead to long-term disability and death, yet has limited treatment options. Goal(s): This study aims to identify effective diffusion MRI biomarkers in monitoring treatment response with a repurposed drug for stroke. Approach: In vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) were performed on the mouse brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were imaged on the 14T MR system on day 7 post-MCAO, following a 7-day treatment regimen with either Senicapoc or vehicle. Results: Certain DTI and NODDI parameters were found to demonstrate strong treatment effect. Impact: Both DTI and NODDI maps may provide useful information in monitoring response to repurposed Senicapoc drug treatment for stroke.
Predicting Pain caused by the Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Large Animal Model Using CEST MRI Data
Authors: Cheema Karandeep , Shen Chushu , De Righi Dante , Tawackoli Wafa , Xie Yibin , Floyd Candace , Sheyn Dmitriy , Li Debiao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Use MRI CEST data to predict lower back pain scores in porcine model. Goal(s): To use a porcine model to correlate MRI-based biomarkers with backpain associated with IVD degeneration. Approach: IVD injury was induced in the lower three lumbar discs while keeping the upper two intact. MRI scans were performed every 4 weeks upto 16 weeks post injury. Pearson Correlations were used for data analysis. Results: MTR and Exchange rate signal clearly separate the injured and the healthy disks. There is a positive correlation between higher exchange rate signal and higher back pain while a negative correlation between MTR and pain scores. Impact: The study bridges the gap between small animal models and human clinical studies by employing a clinically relevant large animal model. The development of MRI-based pain assessment biomarkers is a critical step toward advancing our understanding of lower back pain.
Brain metabolism in mice after RhoGTPases pharmacological modulation: a MRI and MRS study
Authors: Zecca Valentina , Dipol Teresa , Palombelli Gianmauro , Singh Taljinder , Fortuna Andrea , Morsilli Ornella , Ricceri Laura , Loizzo Stefano , Canese Rossella
Published: November 2024

Motivation: RhoGTPases are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, playing a key role in synaptic plasticity. Goal(s): The aim is to evaluate the involvement of RhoGTPases on ageing processes, assessing effects of RhoGTPases modulation on behavior and brain metabolism (by MRS) on a healthy aging mouse model. Approach: We pharmacologically modulated RhoGTPases pathways by administering fasudil or CNF1 in mice. Animals are subjected to behavioral tests and to MRI/MRS experiments in frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Results: Young mice showed apparent greater anxiolytic effect respect to old mice. We observed also age- differences in the metabolism in response to both treatments. Impact: Dysregulation of the RhoGTPase pathway leads to: oxidative stress, inflammation, alterations in energy metabolism and reduced synaptic transmission. RhoGTPase pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases; RhoGTPases are here proposed as an innovative pharmacological target for their treatment.
Habitat imaging’s role in predicting HCC percentage in combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma and its biologic underpinnings
Authors: Xiao Yuyao , Zhang Yunfei , Yang Chun , Zeng Mengsu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The prognostic value of component percentage in combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) was verified, but the identification of percentage of each component relies on extensive tumor sampling. Goal(s): Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if MRI-based habitat imaging helps to predict component percentage in cHCC-CCA preoperatively,Approach: and to further verify the biologic underpinnings of habitat imaging in cHCC-CCA by analyzing RNA sequencing data. Results: We found that preoperative prediction of HCC percentage in patients with cHCC-CCA can be achieved using an MRI-based habitat imaging model, which was also associated with signaling pathways regulating cell migration and tumor metastasis. Impact: We achieved prediction of HCC percentage through an MRI-based habitat imaging model, and revealed the biologic underpinnings of habitat imaging, that is, habitat imaging may identify patients at risk of metastasis. These results may guide individual management in cHCC-CCA patients.
Predicting Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using Radiomics of Whole Pancreas and Tumor from Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Wang Lixia , Gaddam Srinivas , Wu Chaowei , Deng Zengtian , Azab Linda , Qureshi Touseef , Xie Yibin , Pandol Stephen , Li Debiao
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Prediction of subsequent liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is important for patient management and current prediction performance is insufficient. Goal(s): To improve the prediction of subsequent liver metastasis from PDAC by integrated radiomic analysis of whole pancreas and PDAC using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI. Approach: Radiomic features were extracted from whole pancreas and PDAC on DCE MRI. Logistic regression model was applied to predict likelihood of subsequent liver metastasis. Results: Combination of radiomics from whole pancreas and tumor improved liver metastasis prediction than that of tumor alone. Impact: Improved prediction of subsequent liver metastases with PDAC may allow better management of PDAC patients, potentially saving costs and lives.
The detection efficiency of Multi-Phase Dynamic Gd-BOPTA Enhanced MR Imaging in liver metastases
Authors: Ren Xue , Zhao Ying , Wang Nan , Song Qingwei , Hu Geli , Liu Ailian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The detection efficiency of Multi-Phase Dynamic Gd-BOPTA Enhanced MR Imaging in liver metastasesGoal(s): To compare the detection efficiency of Multi-Phase Dynamic Gd-BOPTA Enhanced MR Imaging in liver metastases. Approach: All patients underwent T1W, T2WI, DWI and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI on a 3.0 T MR scanner. Signal intensity (SI), standard deviation (SD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and liver-to-lesion ratio (LLR) were measured and compare the detection efficiency. Results: Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging in the hepatobiliary stage can significantly improve the detection efficiency of metastases, but its SNR and CNR are not as good as those in the transitional stage. Impact: This experiment demonstrates Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging in the hepatobiliary stage can significantly improve the detection efficiency of metastases.
Liver T2 Mapping in a Large Cohort of Healthy Subjects: Normal Ranges and Correlation with Age and Sex
Authors: Meloni Antonella , Carnevale Aldo , Gaio Paolo , Positano Vincenzo , Passantino Cristina , Pepe Alessia , Barison Andrea , Todiere Giancarlo , Grigoratos Chrysanthos , Novani Gianni , Pistoia Laura , Giganti Melchiore , Cademartiri Filippo , Cossu Alberto
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To ensure successful integration of hepatic T2 mapping into clinical workflow it is critical to establish normal reference values. Goal(s): We defined normal ranges for hepatic T2 values using a 1.5T General Electric scanner. Approach: Multi-echo fast-spin-echo sequences were acquired in 100 healthy volunteers and T2 values were quantified in the visible hepatic segments. Results: Segmental and global liver T2 values exhibited a good intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. No significant regional T2 variability was detected. Global T2 values were not associated with aging but were significantly lower in males than in females. Impact: In healthy subjects liver T2 mapping is feasible and reproducible and T2 values are influenced by gender, suggesting the need for the use of normative values differentiated by gender.
Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer (UTE-MT) in Mice
Authors: Liu Jin , Liang Xiaoling , Li Wei , Feng Jiaxin , Liao Jianwei , Zhang Jianbang , Ma Yajun , Li Shaolin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: UTE-MT can non-invasively quantify the macromolecular content changes of short T2 tissues, which has the potential to assess non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Goal(s): To utilize the quantitative UTE-MT technique to assess NAFLD. Approach: Sixteen mice (8 control mice and 8 mice with NAFLD) underwent liver scans using UTE-MT sequence on a 3T MRI scanner. Results: The liver UTE-MTR values of mice in the NAFLD group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. High AUC values (AUC=0.955) obtained from the ROC analysis demonstrate that the UTE-MTR could differentiate the normal and NAFLD cohorts. Impact: The UTE-MTR can detect the macromolecular changes in the liver. Liver UTE-MTR may serve as a promising imaging biomarker to assess NAFLD.
Point-of-Care Magnetic Resonance Technology to Measure Biomarkers of Liver Disease
Authors: Prado Pablo , Bussandri Santiago , Loomba Rohit , Grunvald Eduardo , Middleton Michael , Gutierrez Julio , Sirlin Claude
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI stands as the gold standard for diagnosing liver diseases. Ensuring widespread access to this technology is of critical importance to combat the prevalence of liver disease. Goal(s): Our goal is to decrease the prevalence of liver disease by making the diagnostic precision of MRI broadly available. Approach: We present a compact and open Magnetic Resonance device that employs the gold standard principles of MRI to accurately measure liver disease biomarkers. Results: The accuracy of Proton Density Fat Fraction is shown in recent clinical studies using a point-of-care non-imaging magnetic resonance device. Impact: The development and implementation of a portable, cost-effective device for liver disease diagnosis can transform clinical care, improve diagnosis efficiency, and address health disparities. The technology may enhance global research and facilitate treatment monitoring and earlier intervention.
Dynamic Contrast Images in the Pancreatobililary Regions on 1.5T with DL: Comparison of Images on 3T without DL
Authors: Masui Takayuki , Tokunaga Yudai , Hirano Toshiyuki , Sugimura Masashi , Miyoshi Mitsuharu , Wakayama Tetsuya , Sasaki Masako , Isoda Haruo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A clinical 3T MR system is preferably utilized due to higher image quality and better recognition of lesions and anatomy compared to 1.5T MR. Goal(s): Our goal was to show improved abilities of 1.5T with deep learning reconstruction (DL) in evaluation of the pancreatobiliary regions comparing 3T without DL. Approach: In 9 patients, image qualities and information of vasculatures and soft tissues of dynamic Gd-contrast images of pancreatobiliary regions on 1.5T with DL were compared to those previously obtained on 3T without DL. Results: 1.5T systems with DL can provide competitive information to those with 3T systems without DL for the pancreatobiliary regions. Impact: DL reconstruction can fully utilize a 1.5T MR, providing competitive information to a 3T MR without DL for dynamic contrast studies in the pancreatobiliary regions. This can enhance patient-throughput without major socio-economic investment.
ZTE in highly inhomogeneous B0 regime.
Authors: Borreguero Jose , Galve Fernando , Algarín Jose Miguel , Alonso Joseba
Published: November 2024

Motivation: : ZTE has proven to be a powerful MRI sequence for ultrashort T2 tissues, but it fails to produce useful images in the presence of strong field inhomogeneities. Goal(s): To develop a method to correct artifacts induced by strong B0 inhomogeneities in ZTE sequences, based on on-the-fly B0 maps. Approach: A B0 map, obtained by phase difference between two fast SPRITE sequences, is fed into an encoding matrix for posterior image reconstruction by Kaczmarz’s Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques. Results: Geometric distortions and hyperintense regions resulting from B0 strong quadratic components are largely reverted with this approach. Impact: This method can be exploited for e.g. dental imaging with ZTE in affordable low-field MRI systems, and can be generalized to other non-Cartesian sequences. Furthermore, it may prove useful for imaging with extreme magnet geometries as in e.g. single-sided MRI.
Alterations in Static and Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity in Drug-naïve Patients with Early Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Fan Wenliang , Yang Fan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Long-term levodopa treatment can markedly change the brain connectivity network in Parkinson's disease(PD) patients. The changes of static and dynamic brain network in early PD remain unknown. Goal(s): To investigate the alterations in static and dynamic whole-brain connectivity in early PD patients who have never received dopaminergic therapy. Approach: A case-control study was performed. The static and dynamic functional connectivity were constructed and analysised. Results: PD patients showed alterations in the SMN, DGN, LBN, and VSN, which may be relevant to both motor and non-motor symptoms. LEiDA results showed that PD group displayed a shorter lifetime and lower probability than the HC group. Impact: The study offers neuroimaging evidence of static and dynamic brain functional connectivity changes in drug-naïve early Parkinson's disease patients. It identifies potential biomarkers for clinical Parkinson’s disease diagnosis and assessment.
Investigating the Impact of Subthalamic Nucleus DBS Frequency on Motor Networks in Parkinson's Disease: An fMRI Study
Authors: Vijayakumari Anupa , Alberts Jay , Walter Benjamin , Rothe Amber , Davidson Sara , Rothe Darrin , Lowe Mark , Bhattacharyya Pallab
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Limited information is available on the impact of different deep brain stimulation (DBS) frequencies on motor task-related brain activity in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with DBS implants in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Goal(s): To investigate DBS frequency effects on brain activity during a motor task (force-tracking, FT). Approach: Using fMRI, we assessed FT-task-related brain activity in four PD patients with STN-DBS under three DBS conditions: off, high-frequency, and low-frequency. MDS-UPDRS-III scores measured motor impairment. Results: High-frequency DBS increased brain activation during FT and reduced MDS-UPDRS-III scores in PD patients compared to low-frequency DBS and DBS-off. Impact: These findings suggest that DBS in the STN has the potential to disrupt abnormal neural activations and restore the brain's capacity to generate and regulate normal patterns that are compromised in PD.
Iron Accumulation in Subcortical Structures and its Correlation with Cognitive Decline in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Venturi Greta , Fiscone Cristiana , Bartiromo Fiorina , Baldelli Luca , Sambati Luisa , Mitolo Micaela , Rochat Magali , Cortelli Pietro , Lodi Raffaele , Provini Federica , Tonon Caterina
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) is the prodromal syndrome of α-synucleinopathies whose conversion is difficult to predict. Goal(s): The goal was to study iron accumulation in the brains of patients and its clinical correlation with neuropsychological test. Approach: 20 patients underwent MRI protocol that included a QSM and a neuropsychological evaluation. The susceptibility values were compared with a group of healthy volunteers and correlated with neuropsychological tests. Results: Significant increase of iron deposition resulted in brainstem and in gray matter nuclei and positive correlation resulted between deterioration of visual-constructive and executive functions and magnetic susceptibility in substantia nigra and red nuclei. Impact: Iron accumulation in the brain can serve as an early warning sign for neurodegenerative diseases linked to idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD), indicating cognitive decline and behavioral issues. This may offer a non-invasive means to identify individuals at risk.
Application of high-resolution magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging in early SLE patients with cerebral vasculitis
Authors: Zhao Xueying , Sun Yue , Cao Yimin , Yi Zexi , Meng Weixin , Zhou Lixia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To observe the inflammatory changes of cerebral vessels in patients with early SLE by high-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging , and analyze its relationship with disease activity and small vessel disease. Goal(s): Aimed to evaluate the potential of HR-VWI in predicting the development and clinical severity of brain lesions. Approach: The imaging features of inflammatory changes of cerebral vessel wall in each group were observed and the vasculitis score was calculated. The correlation between vasculitis score and disease activity in SLE patients was analyzed. Results: As the severity of cerebral vasculitis increases, the disease activity and neuropsychiatric symptoms of SLE patients also increase. Impact: This study is the first to use HR-VWI to observe cerebral vessel wall lesions in large-scale early SLE patients, which has the potential to be used as an imaging biomarker to predict the development of brain lesions.
The exploration of establishing the IVIM-based Virtual Elastography conversion formula in Brain
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Miaomiao , Liu Chenyue , Ai Kai , Liu Congcong , Li Xianjun , Yang Jian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The IVIM-based Virtual Elastography conversion formula based on liver data has been established and verified, but there are no studies using brain MRE data and IVIM data to explore the correlation between the two and establish the relevant conversion formula.Goal(s): This study aims to validate the relationship between shear stiffness and sADC under different combinations of b-values and derive a conversion formula for vMRE in the brain. Approach: IVIM and MRE data were collected and quantified in healthy adults. Results: The correlation between sADC and shear stiffness has been confirmed, and the conversion formula of each brain region has been preliminarily established. Impact: In this study, the feasibility of brain vMRE was verified for the first time based on brain MRE and IVIM data, and the conversion formulas of different brain regions were preliminatively established.
Feasibility of Nipah virus-induced lesion detection using 0.05T MRI
Authors: Aggarwal Kunal , Cong Yu , Lee Ji Hyun , Mani Venkatesh , Calcagno Claudia , Holbrook Michael , Geethanath Sairam
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Portable, low-field MRI systems may represent the only viable strategy to monitor neurological manifestations of infectious diseases, such as Nipah virus (NiV), in vivo, and in low-resource settings. Goal(s): To determine the optimal resolution for lesion detection at 0.05T and compare texture and area markers between 3T and 0.05TApproach: We acquired 3T MR images of three NiV-exposed NHPs, simulated corresponding low-field images for lesion segmentation. Results: We determined a minimum resolution requirement of 1.5 x 1.5 x 2 mm3 at 0.05T to manually segment NiV-induced brain lesions on T2w images and that 0.05T texture matches better with 3T data than lesion area. Impact: The study determined the optimal resolution and textural feature required to monitor NiV-affected patients through prospective imaging at 0.05T to track lesions caused by NiV. It showed that textural was more consistent between the two field strengths than lesion area.
Impact of slice-specific z-shimming on T2*-weighted EPI for functional MRI of the human spinal cord at 7 Tesla
Authors: Eippert Falk , Dabbagh Alice , Revina Yulia , Horn Ulrike , Kaptan Merve , Finsterbusch Jürgen
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Slice-specific z-shimming reduces signal losses in T2*-weighted EPI of the human spinal cord at 3T. Goal(s): To investigate its impact for acquisitions at 7T performed with thinner slices and shorter echo times that are less susceptible to signal losses. Approach: EPI images (16 slices, 0.8×0.8×3.0 mm3) with 31 different z-shim settings compensating linear field inhomogeneities within ±0.3 mT m-1 were acquired. For each slice, the image with the maximum signal in the spinal cord was determined and compared to the image without z-shim. Results: Averaged across 20 healthy volunteers, slice-specific z-shimming significantly improves overall EPI signal intensity and reduces signal variations across slices. Impact: Z-shimming can improve the signal intensity and homogeneity of T2*-weighted EPI of the human cervical spinal cord at 7T and could thus help to improve the performance of spinal cord fMRI.
Spontaneous activity changes in brain networks following night shift–related sleep deprivation: A voxel‐wise degree centrality analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Geng JiGang , Qian YiFan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study aims to explore the spontaneous activity of the radiologists brain following night shift–related sleep deprivation (SD). Goal(s): To study the potential brain network activity in radiologists following night shift–related SD by the degree centrality (DC) method. Approach: Radiologists following night shift–related sleep deprivation and seven days' rest were recruited and analyzed by the voxel‐wise DC analysis. Results: The DC values changed throughout the brain after seven days of rest after a night shift. The left cerebellum and right thalamus were positively correlated with reaction time, and the right supplementary motor area (SMA) was negatively correlated with reaction timeImpact: Identifying DC variability abnormalities may broaden our understanding of neural substrates underlying night shift-related SD function alterations, The premise is to promote health and improve the efficiency of night shift work.
Altered intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients with excessive daytime sleepiness
Authors: Zhiyi Tan , Qiaoling Zeng , Zhigang Wu , Xuehan Hu , Duoduo Di , Lele Chen , Guanxun Cheng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a frequent nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Previous studies on EDS used static analyses that ignored the temporal evolution of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. Goal(s): This study aimed to identify dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) characteristics in PD with EDS (PD-EDS) patients. Approach: The sliding window approach, k-means clustering and independent component analysis were applied to estimate dFNC parameters. Results: The PD-EDS patients showed increased fractional time and mean dwell time in state IV. The strong connectivity within and between the sensorimotor and visual network was related to EDS in PD patients. Impact: Our research provided new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying PD patients with EDS. The alterations of dynamic functional connectivity may serve as biomarkers of the pathophysiological features of PD with EDS patients.
Mapping the Neural Dynamics of Light Sleep: EEG Microstates and fMRI Network Correlations in N1 and N2 Stages
Authors: Long Yujie , Xu Jing , Zhou Shuqin , Zou Guangyuan , Liu Jiayi , Zou Qihong , Gao JiaHong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While the significance of light sleep in health is gradually acknowledged, yet the specific neural dynamics during this phase is unclear. Our research emphasizes EEG microstates as vital markers of light sleep's brain networks, crucial for therapeutic innovation. Goal(s): We aimed to delineate the relationship between EEG microstates and corresponding fMRI networks during N1 and N2 sleep stages. Approach: We combined EEG-fMRI with custom regressors and GLM analysis, alongside Group-ICA, to model BOLD responses linked to EEG microstates. Results: Microstate D showed significantly lower activity across parameters in both sleep stages, with BOLD patterns revealing unique neural correlations for each microstate. Impact: This study sheds light on sleep's neural intricacies via fMRI, linking EEG microstates to brain networks, with implications for sleep disorder diagnosis, treatment, and overall sleep quality improvement.
A water relaxometry atlas for tissue correction of MRS data
Authors: Song Yulu , Zöllner Helge , Davies-Jenkins Christopher , Hupfeld Kathleen , Gudmundson Aaron , Muska Emlyn , Ratnanather Tilak , Hui Steve , Carter Emily , Oeltzschner Georg , Dean Douglas , Ceritoglu Can , Porges Eric , Edden Richard
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Water-referenced metabolite quantification in MRS often relies upon fixed water-relaxation reference times, ignoring differences in relaxation across the brain and lifespan. Goal(s): To develop a water relaxometry atlas to integrate location- and age-appropriate relaxation values into the MRS analysis workflow. Approach: DESPOT was used to collected quantitative T1 and T2 images in a cohort of 52 subjects aged 20-70 years old, and morphed to standard-space to generate a relaxometry aging atlas. We also perform a parcel-wise assessment of age-related relaxation changes. Results: The high-resolution water relaxometry aging atlas indicates significant changes in water relaxometry across the lifespan in many brain regions. Impact: Access to whole-brain relaxometry reference values, with appropriate consideration of aging, is vital to accurate water-referenced metabolite quantification in MRS.
Rapid Pulmonary 129Xe Ventilation Imaging with Zigzag Sampling
Authors: Fang Yuan , Li Haidong , Shen Luyang , Zhou Qian , Zhao Xiuchao , Shi Lei , Han Yeqing , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The acquisition time of ventilation imaging with 129Xe MRI under breath-hold condition (~10s) is still too long, and might be intolerable for patients with severe pulmonary diseases. Goal(s): To develop a rapid method for ventilation imaging in human by using 129Xe MRI, enabling assessment of ventilation function changes caused by lung diseases. Approach: Zigzag sampling based on the sequence of gradient echo (GRE-zigzag) was developed for ventilation imaging with 129Xe MRI. Results: By using the proposed method, ventilation imaging with a spatial resolution of 4mm×4mm×9mm could be acquired within 2.2 s. Impact: Zigzag sampling was used for accelerating ventilation imaging with 129Xe MRI, shortening the acquisition time to 2.2s, which might prompt its clinical application, especially for those patients who could not hold the breath for a long time.
Optimizing Hadamard-Encoded 19F MRI for PFOB Imaging of Monocytes
Authors: Mehr Kian Tadjalli , Fischer Johannes , Özen Ali , Reiss Simon , Maier Alexander , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Bock Michael
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) is a possible 19F tracer for monocytes active during myocardial infarction (MI). The method of Hadamard-encoding can mitigate chemical shift artifacts, but spectrally tailored pulses have not been leveraged yet. Goal(s): The goal of this work is to increase the SNR efficiency of the Hadamard-encoding method for 19F MRI of PFOB. Approach: Variable flipangle measurements were performed to measure T1 and the individual Hadamard-pulses were tailored to better fit the spectrum. Results: T1 values are similar for all PFOB resonances ranging between 870 and 970ms. SNR was increased by 10% by using a combination of Gaussian- and sinc-pulses. Impact: The improvements shown here contribute to making Hadamard-encoding a viable method for imaging PFOB with 19F MRI. As an alternative to monocyte tracking with PET, this might further our understanding of monocyte behavior during MI.
MR-guided image enhancement for whole-brain low-dose PET/MR imaging using spatial brain transformation
Authors: Huang Zhenxing , Li Wenbo , Wu Yaping , Chen Zixiang , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Wang Meiyun , Hu Zhanli
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The PET/MR system provides precise anatomical and functional information for neurological disorder detection. Goal(s): To mitigate quality degradation caused by reduced radiation exposure of radiopharmaceuticals. Approach: We proposed a 3D network with spatial brain transformation for whole-brain low-dose PET/MR imaging. Results: The obtained PSNR and SSIM were 41.96 ± 4.91 dB (p<0.01) and 0.9654 ± 0.0215 (p<0.01), which achieved 19% and 20% improvement, respectively. The VOI analysis of brain regions showed more accurate standardized uptake value distributions. In the future, we hope to apply our method to other multimodal systems, such as PET/CT, to assist clinical brain disease diagnosis and treatment. Impact: (1) Our approach employs multimodal information fusion to enhance low dose PET/MR whole-brain imaging. (2) Our method considers spatial brain anatomical alignment information, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of imaging data within brain regions.
Quantitative Evaluation of Dynamic Ventilation Function with High Spatiotemporal 129Xe MRI
Authors: Li Hongchuang , Li Haidong , Zhang Ming , Liu Xiaoling , Zhao Xiuchao , Han Yeqing , Zhou Xin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High spatiotemporal resolution dynamic ventilation imaging with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI can well-depict the airflow process in the lung during the respiratory. However, there is a lack of quantitative assessment methods that correlate dynamic ventilation images with pulmonary physiology. Goal(s): We aimed to translate the dynamic ventilation images into quantitative parameters that could assess the ventilation function. Approach: The signal-time curve was used to explain the airflow rate and optical flow method was utilized to generate airflow field for each frame to depict the orientation and magnitude. Results: Gas distribution and airflow process could be quantified through dynamic ventilation images. Impact: Regional dynamic ventilation function was quantified using signal-time curves and optical flow methods in vivo, and these preliminary results might be helpful for assessing the lung pathological changes that related to airflow restriction, obstruction, or air trapping.
Linear Image Reconstruction Technique for MRI with Nonlinear Encoding Fields (Part II) – O-Space Imaging (LIRT-OSI)
Authors: Qiu Maolin , Constable R. Todd
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The extremely time-consuming iterative algebraic reconstruction techniques(ART), e.g., Kaczmarz, have been used for image reconstruction in MRI with nonlinear encoding fields, e.g., O-space imaging (OSI). Goal(s): We evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the linear image reconstruction technique (LIRT) for MRI with nonlinear encoding fields with an application of image reconstruction for O-space imaging (OSI). Approach: The rotation theorem and linearity of 2D Fourier Transform lay the theoretical basis for LIRT image reconstruction for OSI. Results: We compared the computation time of LIRT with SART for OSI image reconstruction. The final reconstructed images show no visually perceived non-linear distortion for OSI. Impact: LIRT-OSI further demonstrate how LIRT can be accommodated to a wide range of nonlinear MRI field systems for quick image reconstruction and assessment, which is the first time such a technique has been proposed to the best of our knowledge.
Differential Diagnosis of Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors: Insights from 3D APTWI to DKI
Authors: FAN Hua , ZHANG Chuanchen , WU Peng , HAN Lu
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate diagnosis of BEOT and MEOT is crucial but remains challenging. Goal(s): To investigate the diagnostic ability of APTWI and DKI in differentiating BEOT from MEOT and their correlation with the Ki-67 LI. Approach: Those who had solid or solid-cystic lesions on one or both sides of the adnexal area on US and/or CT with a suspicion of malignancy were selected and underwent an MRI scan.and The parameters originate from them are analyzedResults: The sMTRasymmax, cMTRasymmean , MDmean , and age displayed excellent diagnostic ability for BEOT and MEOT. Significant and positive correlations exist between sMTRasymmax and MKmean variables with Ki-67 LI. Impact: This research is innovative and will promote the application of APT imaging technology in other soft tissue tumors. Researchs can be conducted in various aspects such as differential diagnosis and treatment responsiveness.
Value of amide proton transfer (APT) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in differentiating P53- abnormal and wild-type endometrial cancer
Authors: Li Jun , Tian Shifeng , Zhang Hanyue , Lin Liangjie , Sun Peng , Liu Ailian , Zheng Dandan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: P53- abnormal and P53-wild-type endometrial cancer patients require distinct treatment owing to their unique pathological characteristics. Goal(s): To investigate the diagnostic potential of APT and ECV measurements in distinguishing p53-abn from p53-wt in EC. Approach: APT SI and T1 mapping-derived ECV values were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was utilized to develop a predictive model that combines parameters, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to assess diagnostic performance. Results: APT and ECV can proficiently differentiate between p53-abn and p53-wt in endometrial cancer. Moreover, the discriminatory efficacy is enhanced significantly when both tests are employed concurrently. Impact: P53- abnormal and P53-wild-type endometrial cancer patients require distinct treatment owing to their unique pathological characteristics. Precise and timely classification can precise endometrial cancer treatment, aiding in accurately classifying patients and devising personalized early treatment plans.
Amide proton transfer imaging for predicting pathological grading of cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Qianyu , Tian Shifeng , Song Qingling , Chen Lihua , Ma Changjun , Wang Nan , Song Qingwei , Lin Liangjie , Sun Peng , Wang Jiazheng , Liu Ailian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The pathological grading of cervical cancer affects clinical decision-making, and there is currently almost no research on APT for the pathological grading of cervical cancer. Goal(s): Explore the value of amide proton transfer imaging in evaluating the pathological grading of cervical cancer. Approach: We delineate the ROI of each parameter and use the final mean for statistics to obtain the results. Results: The results indicate that APT can be used to evaluate the pathological grading of cervical cancer. Impact: Pathological grading is the gold standard, and APT has a good evaluation effect on pathological grading of cervical cancer, which is beneficial for clinical doctors to better formulate treatment strategies and serve patients more accurately.
Deep Learning-based Placental MRI Segmentation and Placental Boundary Vessel Recognition
Authors: Gao Feng , Fu Le , Cheng Jiejun , Shi Jie , Yang Haima , Shi Zhijie
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Accurate automatic segmentation of the placenta and identification of blood vessel distribution at the placental borders are crucial for diagnosing placental accrete spectrum (PAS) in MRI, yet effective methods are currently limited. Goal(s): Introduce a refinement fusion method based on U-Net (RFU-Net) for accurately segmenting the placenta. And propose a boundary de-precision (BD) technique to identify the blood vessel distribution around the placental boundary. Approach: MRI of 200 pregnant females were enrolled. RFU-Net and BD were conducted and evaluated. Results: RFU-Net improved the accuracy of placenta segmentation (Dice = 0.9314). The BD resolved the blurring of the placenta boundary. Impact: This study provided a novel method for the automatic identification of placental border vessel distribution.