bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protótipo de medidor de gases poluentes usando tecnologia de baixo custo
Authors: Stefan Igor Alexandre , Ferreira Paulo Ixtânio Leite , Sousa Aldeni Sudário
Published: June 2020

The quality of the air that we breathe is extremely important for human health. When it comes to measuring the concentration of polluting gases, it is common to find very expensive commercial equipment, which does not measure all regulated gases and is not designed for lay people to operate. In this work, a prototype of a meter for carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases, which can cause damage to health and to the performance of physical and cognitive activities, was developed. The prototype was developed using the Arduino platform, C ++ programming language resources, electrochemical sensors (MQ-7 and MQ-135) and an OLED display. It shows the concentration of the two gases in units ppm (parts per million) and in conceptual terms (good, bad or terrible). Comparative tests were performed between the readings of the prototype and the values read by commercial meters. Measurements in closed and open environments of the Federal Institute of Paraíba (IFPB), João Pessoa campus, were carried out. The results are promising, since the measurements made are consistent with the situations in which there were or not sources of the gases of interest.
Percepções dos profissionais de saúde do município de Sousa-PB sobre leishmaniose visceral
Authors: Araújo Lianna Soraya Rolim , Silva Juliana Ferreira , Mendonça Igor Porfírio , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Costa Paulo Wbiratan Lopes
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge of health professionals in Sousa’s basic care units about Visceral Leishmaniasis. 100 epidemiological questionnaires were applied with Community Health Agents, Nursing Technicians, Nurses and Doctors. It was observed that, among the 100 professionals interviewed, 88% stated that Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, 97% know Leishmaniasis by the name of Kala-azar. Regarding the transmission of Leishmaniasis, 80% of professionals believe that it happens through the bite of the infected mosquito. However, only 78% of professionals recognize that the etiological agent is protozoan. In relation to the treatment for Leishmaniasis, 100% of the professionals interviewed believe that there is treatment for this disease, and 90% mentioned that there was a cure. About the existence of a vaccine, 69% said it did not exist. Regarding control and prophylaxis measures, 34% refer to diagnostic tests on people and animals. In relation to the prevention of Leishmaniasis, 65% of professionals gave their opinion on preventing the spread of the mosquito and informing preventive measures. It is concluded that there are still conceptual gaps in health professionals in the municipality of Sousa - PB, about Visceral Leishmaniasis, with the need to implement permanent education processes for these professionals, contextualizing the information about leishmaniasis to the studied reality.
Análise da influência dos parâmetros de soldagem no processo a arco submerso
Authors: Bezerra Marília Aires , Negreiros João Vitor da Silva , Barros Jomar Meireles , Maia Divanira Ferreira , Mesquita da Silva Marcos
Published: June 2020

This work aimed to analyze the influence of welding parameters on weld bead geometry when applied to the submerged arc process. Specifically, the project carried out: the construction of a welding torch support and flow reservoir, as well as the analysis of the weld bead geometry as a function of the welding parameters. To achieve these objectives, a prototype support for the welding torch in CAD software was created and then fabricated by machining, preparation of the base metal and definition of welding parameters. From then on, welding began. The results showed that the supports provided a good performance for the welding and the geometries of the beads showed a difference in their structure regarding the occurrence of porosity in some beads, having a strong relationship with the stress and the type of flux employed. The contact tip to work distance (CTWD) showed a tendency to decrease current when it increased. In addition, welding current and welding energy showed similar behavior when influencing weld bead geometry. That is, when the current and welding energy increased the height decreased and the width increased.
A Study of the Adsorption of Ni2+ Ions by Modified Peanut Processing Wastes
Authors: Sverguzova S.V. , Shaikhiev I.G. , Hunadi L. , Bomba I.V.
Published: June 2020

The sorption purification of model solutions from Ni2+ions was studied using, as sorption materials, ground peanut peel of the original and heat-treated at a temperature of 250 °C and 350 °C. Isotherms of adsorption of Ni2+ions by sorption materials were constructed in the range of initial concentrations up to 1000 mg/dm3of the initial and thermally modified peanut peel. Isotherms are processed in the framework of the Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models. The kinetics of adsorption of Ni2+ions by the initial and heat-treated peanut peel was studied. It was experimentally determined that the maximum sorption capacity of the initial peanut peel at an initial concentration of Ni2+1000 mg/dm3ions is 0.6 mmol/g, and for annealed at 250 and 350 ° C – 0.66 and 0.78 mmol/g, respectively.
Multicriterion Analysis of Environmental Safety of Construction Projects
Authors: Chuykin S.V. , Kolosov A.I.
Published: June 2020

The method of environmental safety analysis based on the solution of optimization multi-criterion problems is presented. The main comparison criteria and their relative importance are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods are determined, the most appropriate for this task is identified. This allows you to more accurately choose the most optimal design solutions, with less man-caused impact of the construction site on the environment.
Development of Companies in Modern Conditions of Economic and Legal Relations
Authors: Baida Bohdana , Khomko Lesya , Levytska Oksana
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a methodology approach that provides the solution to practical problems of companies in case of the innovation implementation in modern conditions of the economic and legal relations. The approach makes it possible to evaluate a strategy for the innovative development considering components, such as the integral indicator of a company's innovation activities, an integral indicator of innovative capability of a company.
Evaluating and Analyzing of Robotic Arm as Learning Media Based on Partial Least Square Method
Authors: Asto Buditjahjanto I Gusti Putu , Ardi Pramudya , Munoto Munoto , Samani Muchlas
Published: June 2020

This research describes the use of a robotic arm on robot transporter as a learning media. Robot Transporter is a type of robot that can move and is equipped with a robotic arm. This robot is used to learn about the robotic arm concept which consists of the concept of arm and grip on the robot and the servo motor concept. The robotic arm concept is part of the electromechanical course at a private university in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyse the relationship of the latent variables of assembling, operating and evaluating with the latent variable of psychomotor skill on the arm robotic concept. The Partial Least Square path analysis method is used to analyse and predict theoretical models of robotic arm concepts. The research results show that the latent variables of assembling, operating and evaluating have a positive influence on the psychomotor skill aspect.
Investigation of Selected Aspects of Fraction Understanding
Authors: Pavlovičová Gabriela , Vargová Lucia
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on the investigation of relations among perception of fraction as a measure and addition, equivalence, comparison of fractions. Arising from the previous studies, two research questions were stated. The first deals with the connection between location of the fraction on the number line and comparison and equivalence of fractions. The second deals with the connection between location of the fraction on the number line and addition of fractions. As a research tool, one part of the special developed fraction test connected to Sfard’s theory of reification was used. For data analysing Statistical Implicative Analysis was used. Sample consisted of 930 learners at the age of 15 in Slovakia.
Cultural Landscape Preservation in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Frame of Tourism Development
Authors: Kudumovic Lana
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on the linking of heritage preservation policies and tourism development, specifically in relation to the cultural landscapes. For this purpose, historic ensembles Blagaj, Jajce and Travnik, that have emerged from the integration of cultural and natural elements are discussed, in particular, the existing plans and legislation related to heritage preservation and tourism strategies. Also, the extent to which tourism strategies are oriented toward heritage is measured through analyzed promotional materials and touristic offers. In the conclusion, the potential for tourism development ensuring the sustainability of these historic sites is given in a closing suggestions and remarks.
Technology Andragogy Work Content Knowledge Model as a New Framework in Vocational Education: Revised Technology Pedagogy Content Knowledge Model
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Nurtanto Muhammad , Priatna Asep , Kholifah Nur , Fawaid Moh
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the ICT is an important part of the 21st century and teacher learning and industry 4.0 challenges must involve technology in their teaching and learning. Previous research on the involvement of technology in the learning process is generally known as TPACK, Technology – Pedagogy – Content - Knowledge. However, the specific objectives of implementing vocational learning are specific to certain occupations. The purpose of this study is to analyse the teaching and learning needs of students in professional vocational education with the revised TPACK new model approach. The study of qualitative methods in the form of document analysis is used to construct a new theoretical conceptual framework. Important findings offered in the concepts of teaching and learning of vocational students were adopted based on work, content, technology, and learning approaches which were conceptualized as TAWOCK.The work as a new domain shows the characteristics of student teaching and learning while the learning approach has shifted from the level of engagement - Pedagogy to the level of cultivation - Andragogy. The study explains that vocational education with the TAWOCK concept is an ideal model for developing depth.
The Extent to which Autistic Student’s Special Education Centers Use Computer Software
Authors: H. Ziadat Ayed
Published: June 2020

The study aimed to identify the extent to which autism student's special education centers use computer software. The study applied descriptive approach, and the researcher has developed a questionnaire consisted of three dimensions and (27) statements, while the sample group covered (106) autism educators chosen randomly from Amman City in the country of Jordan. The results showed the easiness of accessing the services of the centers, and the quick responses in the center were at medium level, while confidentiality and credibility in obtaining information in the center were at high level. Also, there were no statistical significance difference in the extent to which autism student’s special education centers use computer software according to gender, qualification, and experience, while the results also show that there are no statistical significants in the level of access to services in the centers.
Evaluation of risk factors and drug adherence in the occurrence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hajj Maya , Ajrouche Roula , Zein Salam , Rachidi Samar , Awada Sanaa , Al-Hajje Amal
Published: June 2020

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk of developing a stroke and anticoagulant medications are generally prescribed to prevent stroke in AF population.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate stroke risk factors among hospitalized patients with AF and to assess the level of adherence to medications in AF patients and their relation with stroke.

Methods: This is a case-control study conducted between June 1st, 2018 and December 31th, 2018 among AF patients admitted to seven tertiary Lebanese hospitals. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Adherence to medications was assessed using the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale-14. Odds ratios (OR) expressed the strength of association between the independent variables and the dependent variable and were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for confounding factors. P<0.05 determined statistical significance.

Results: In total, 174 cases of AF patients were included with 87 cases and 87 controls. The risk of stroke among AF significantly increased with the presence of a history of hypertension, aOR 16.04 (95%CI, 2.27-113.37; p=0.005), history of coronary heart disease/myocardial infarction, and history of obesity. Anticoagulant medication significantly decreased the risk of stroke among AF patients, aOR 0.27 (95%CI, 0.07-0.98; P=0.047). High adherence to medications was significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke, aOR 0.04 (95%CI, 0.01-0.23; p<0.001).

Conclusions: Having a history of hypertension is one of the strongest risk factors for stroke among AF patients in Lebanon. While anticoagulant medication use was associated with a reduced risk for stroke, high adherence to medications is critical for stroke prevention. Public health interventions are needed to tackle low-adherence to medication and prevent stroke among AF patients.
Manejo quirúrgico de los casos difíciles de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo
Authors: Angulo Roa Alberto , Uriza Gutiérrez Germán , Palacio González Mario Javier
Published: June 2020

El presente estudio se inició el primero de agosto de 1980, interviniéndose por esta técnica todas las pacientes que tenían recidivas de su I.U.E., o aquellos casos desfavorables por obesidad o grandes cistoceles, no importando el tipo radiológico de incontinencia.El universo de esta investigación fue de 10 pacientes, encontrándose los siguientes resultados:La patología asociada más frecuente fue la obesidad y la mayor morbilidad fue la retención urinaria post-operatoria, con un promedio de 28 días. La mejoría clínica fue de 80%, con una paciente en la cual disminuyó la incontinencia y solo una en la cual el resultado fue negativo.Las conclusiones más importantes de esta investigación son:1. Es la operación de elección para la I.U.E. recidivante o de mal pronóstico.2. Su morbilidad es mayor que la de otros tipos de intervenciones para la I.U.E., pero su éxito es superior.
Investigación sobre tasas de mobi-mortalidad perinatal en barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Ibagué
Authors: Lozano Neira Ramiro , Mancera Héctor , De Camacho Marina , De Carvajal Josefina , Vargas Jorge
Published: June 2020

El estudio, cuyos hallazgos se presentan, constituye un importante avance en el conocimiento de lo que actualmente es la situación de la madre en la ciudad de lbagué.
La combinación sulfamoxol-trimethoprim como tratamiento de la infección urinaria. Estudio comparativo
Authors: Uricoechea Roberto Jaramillo , Martínez de Kattah Laura
Published: June 2020

Se estudiaron 60 pacientes con infección de vías urinarias provenientes del Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital de San José; 30 de ellas recibieron tratamiento con Co-trifamol a dosis inicial de 2 tabletas y una cada 12 horas como dosis de mantenimiento. Las otras 30 recibieron Co-trimoxazol a una dosis de 2 tabletas para iniciar seguidas de 2 cada 12 horas por 10 días.Los dos grupos fueron seleccionados al azar.Se controló cuadro flemático, parcial de orina y urocultivo; teniendo como parámetros de eficacia la desaparición de la sintomatología y la negativización del urocultivo.Se encontró que los dos fármacos guardan estrecha relación en cuanto a su eficacia terapéutica, no así a su tolerancia; siendo mejor la del Co-trifamol.
A Flexible Didactic Platform for Thyristor-Based Circuit Topologies
Authors: Koleff Lucas , Araújo Lucas , Zambon Mário , Komatsu Wilson , Pellini Eduardo , Junior Lourenço Matakas
Published: June 2020

The objective of this article is to present a flexible didactic platform for thyristor-based circuits. When compared to the existing academic and commercial teaching platforms the proposed one is modular and shows more flexibility. Using the same basic thyristor module, several topologies can be built, including solid-state relays, thyristor bridge rectifiers, and others. All development steps are detailed. Examples of teaching applications, such as the operation of a controlled rectifier, are presented to demonstrate the functionality and didactic usage. Experimental results are also included for the presented applications.
Plan de acción para la gestión de las aguas residuales especiales de la ciudad de La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Rosales-Ayala Francisco , Moreira-Segura Cristian , Campos-Rodríguez Rooel
Published: June 2020

Este artículo describe el proceso de elaboración de un plan de acción que contribuya a mejorar la gestión de las aguas residuales de tipo especial que se generan en el sector comercial de la ciudad de La Libertad, en El Salvador, como un aporte académico a la construcción de competencias para la gestión ambiental en general y la gestión de las aguas residuales de tipo especial, en particular.

La metodología de elaboración del plan de acción fue participativa, de ahí que se conformó un grupo gestor constituido por los actores directamente vinculados a la generación y gestión de las aguas residuales.

El plan de acción se formuló con el objetivo de reducir la contaminación ambiental por las aguas residuales especiales y está estructurado en tres ejes de intervención: político, educación ambiental y técnico-científico. Dada la importancia de la educación ambiental, se desarrolló una prueba piloto que consistió en talleres de capacitación con los sectores directamente relacionados con la generación y gestión de las aguas residuales de tipo especial.
Láminas de riego por goteo en la incidencia de Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) en el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Ciencia y agricultura Revista
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de cuatro láminas de riego por goteo sobre la incidencia de Prodiplosis longifila en el cultivo del tomate. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante la época seca, de mayo a septiembre de 2018, en La Venturita del Cantón Bolívar, provincia de Manabí. Se analizaron láminas de riego con variaciones de porcentaje de evapotranspiración. Tratamiento 1: lámina de riego por goteo al 80 % de ETc; tratamiento 2: lámina de riego por goteo al 100 % de ETc; tratamiento 3: lámina de riego por goteo al 120 % de ETc y 78 % (Testigo). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA), con cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones. Los datos climáticos de evaporación y precipitación fueron tomados diariamente de la Estación Agrometereológica de la ESPAM, y la conductividad eléctrica del suelo y agua fue medida en el INIAP “Pichilingue”. Con esta información se hizo el cálculo del riego para las diferentes láminas y etapas fenológicas. Los resultados permiten determinar que con la aplicación de la lámina de riego al 100 % de ETc se registró la menor infestación de P. longifila acompañada por un programa racional de plaguicidas, con 11 aplicaciones de sustancias de diversa naturaleza, frente a 30 a 35 aplicaciones que comúnmente realizan los agricultores.
Czym jestem, czym nie jestem — Stanisław Czycz i Zygmunt Haupt wobec tradycji
Authors: Gruszczyk Tomasz
Published: June 2020

Despite significant differences between the authors’ life experience — determined by histor-ical events, different social, political and cultural reality and also the tradition and values they fol-lowed — it is worth comparing the prose works of Zygmunt Haupt (living as an emigrant) and Stanisław Czycz (living in his homeland) in order to indicate distinctions or even contrast between the strategies concerning the subject and identity that were proposed by them. By definition, those strategies have to take into account the principles of identification with society (and social norms), national culture and literary tradition.
Polskie „westerny”
Authors: Bobowski Sławomir
Published: June 2020

A few Polish movies are quite peculiar from the point of view of the genre. In their style and construction, they are based on the formula of the western pattern. It is worth pointing out that these films are quite good. There is some evidence that the formula of the Wild West story possesses a some timeless and universal vigor. In my essay I have analyzed Polish westerns such as Ogniomis-trz Kaleń by Ewa and Czesław Petelscy (1961), Jerzy Passendorfer’s Zerwany most (1962), Bohdan Poręba’s Droga na zachód (1961), Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski’s Wilcze echa (1968), Edward Skórzewski’s and Jerzy Hoffman’s Prawo i pięść 1964), Waldemar Podgórski’s Południk zero (1970), and the famous picture Róża, by Wojciech Smarzowski (2011). All theseworks display some elementsof western staffage, but mostimportantly they contain the genre’s characteristics and its deep structures, that is liminal space (Frontier), uncertain time of chaos, some fundamental values in danger, the passive attitude of society, an anti-hero and, of course, the PROTAGONIST — a lonely, heroic, tragic individual, representing the world of ideals.
„Janie do Cię wracamy w czarnoleskie lipy”. Polskie tradycje źródłowe w odmianach literacko-kulturowej współczesności (wybory — powtórzenia — różnice)
Authors: Dąbrowska Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

The subject of the article — developed through the literary and cultural contexts of contem-porary literature — concentrates mainly on different forms of the presence of tradition (targeting the Romantic one as key and the Old Polish as the subsequent one). A look at the styles and tones of the literature-“thriving” languages of these traditions allows us to see these traditions in a different critical light (national symbols/Polish signs/patters/transformations).
El diagnóstico de la situación como fase previa a la elaboración de planes de igualdad
Authors: Domínguez Morales Ana
Published: June 2020

Resumen. El Real Decreto Ley 6/2019 de 1 de marzo, de medidas urgentes para garantía de la igualdad de trato y de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres en el empleo y la ocupación, ha modificado, entre otras, la Ley Orgánica 3/2007, de 22 de marzo, para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres. Entre otras cuestiones de gran interés, ha resultado modificado el Capítulo III, dedicado a los planes de igualdad de las empresas y otras medidas de promoción de la igualdad. Dentro de la regulación de tales instrumentos de ordenación empresarial de la igualdad de oportunidades entre géneros destacan las variaciones que han afectado a la elaboración de los diagnósticos previos a la implantación de los planes de igualdad. Se trata de cambios que ya se reclamaban por parte de la doctrina y se podían entrever en otras normas de origen público dirigidas al fomento de la elaboración de planes de igualdad. Por ejemplo, se atiende a la recomendación sobre la elaboración del diagnóstico de forma negociada con los representantes de los trabajadores. Además, se desarrolla el contenido del mismo mediante la enumeración de materias a tratar en un listado abierto al tratamiento de otros asuntos que sirvan a los efectos de analizar la situación concreta en la empresa en aras a la elaboración de un plan de igualdad eficaz.Palabras clave: diagnóstico previo, Comisión Negociadora del Plan de Igualdad, plan de igualdad, igualdad de oportunidades, Ley Orgánica de igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, negociación colectiva.
Crónica del Acto Institucional del 8 de marzo-Igualdad de las Mujeres de la Asociación Española de Derecho del Trabajo y Seguridad Social (AEDTSS)
Authors: Moraru Gratiela-Florentina
Published: June 2020

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Apresentação
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo de , Coutinho Cileda de Queiroz e Silva
Published: June 2020

O presente  dossiê  foi  uma  iniciativa  de  reunir  estudos  e  pesquisas  que  vêm  se dedicando às discussões no campo da Educação Estatística tendo por objetivo divulgar textos sobre  os  processos  de  ensinar  e  aprender  Estatística  e Probabilidade,  o que  envolve  a epistemologia  dos  conceitos  estatísticos  e  probabilísticos,  o  desenvolvimento  de  estratégias de ensino, bem como os aspectos cognitivos e afetivos envolvidos nestes processos...
Book of insects’ immune system: development and implementation with pbl in increasing students’ learning outcome
Authors: Maulina Dina , Priadi Median Agus , Lengkana Dewi , Jalmo Tri , Fauzisar Ave Suakanila , Amin Mohamad
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research was to develop a research-based reference book and applied it through the problem-based learning (PBL) using reference books in learning activities. The method for the reference book used the ADDIE development models. The reference book's effectiveness test results were conducted using a purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 55 students and analyzed by t-test. The research results showed that the reference books of the development results were validated by media experts and material experts. The integration of the development of reference books in learning activities has an impact on increasing student understanding as demonstrated through the pre-test and post-test scores that differ significantly with t-value> t-table (4.149> 2.045) at p <0.05. Therefore, the development of the insect's immune system book with the PBL model increasthe student learning outcomes significantly. Also, this research has been able to improve students' ability and competence in solving problems in insects' immune system subject matter.
Health Promotion and Prevention in Higher Music Education: Results of a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zander Mark F , Voltmer Edgar , Spahn Claudia
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVES: Music-related symptoms can already be found among student musicians during their years of university training. The goals of the present study were to ascertain the state and developmental course of the student musicians’ health and to test the effectiveness of a preventive
curriculum given to student musicians during their first two semesters at university. METHODS: Within a longitudinal, observational study, we assessed students’ psychological and physical health during the first 2 years of university training. We compared data from the group of students
who had followed the prevention program (intervention group, IG, n = 144) with data of a comparison group (CG, n = 103) of students who had not followed the program. Using standardized questionnaires, we measured physical and psychological symptoms as well as health behavior in a sequential
plan (duration, 3.5 yrs). RESULTS: Student musicians (n = 247) showed elevated ratings in psychological and physical health in comparison with nonmusicians of the same age. These ratings decreased at the end of the students’ second year. The prevention program had a preventive effect
on the students’ psychological health: while IG students remained stable in their performance and powers of concentration, CG students got worse in those same areas. However, the prevention program did not reduce physical symptoms. In comparison with their younger colleagues, upper-level
students took more courses in body-oriented methods, relaxation, and mental techniques, which focus on preventive measures for musicians. CONCLUSION: At present, the study offers evidence supporting the use of the prevention curriculum for young musicians. In higher music education, preventive
education has a positive impact on students’ performance and their attitude toward health. The preventive curriculum does not have an effect on preexisting physical symptoms, and those symptoms related to the student musicians’ activity should rather be treated in an additional
therapeutic setting.
Comparative Analysis of Substance Use in Ballet, Dance Sport, and Synchronized Swimming: Results of a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zenic Natasa , Peric Mia , Zubcevic Nada G , Ostojic Zdenko , Ostojic Ljerka
Published: June 2020

There have been few studies comparing substance use and misuse (SU&M) in different performing arts forms. Herein, we identified and compared SU&M in women studying an art (ballet, n = 21), a non-Olympic sport (dance sport, n = 25), and an Olympic sport (synchronized swimming,
n = 23). The sample of variables comprised general, educational, and sport factors, as well as SU&M data, including consumption of opiates, cigarettes, alcohol, nutritional supplements, doping behaviors, and beliefs. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences between
study groups in potential doping behaviors. Most of the examinees reported that they did not rely on physicians’ and/or coaches’ opinions regarding doping. Only sport dancers recognized their consumption of cannabis as a violation of anti-doping rules. Those more convinced that
doping habits are present in their sport (or art) have a certain tendency toward doping usage. In conclusion, a strong anti-doping campaign within the studied arts is suggested, focusing on the health-related problems of SU&M.
Validating a Dance-specific Screening Test for Balance: Preliminary Results from Multisite Testing
Authors: Batson Glenna
Published: June 2020

Few dance-specific screening tools adequately capture balance. The aim of this study was to administer and modify the Star Excursion Balance Test (oSEBT) to examine its utility as a balance screen for dancers. The oSEBT involves standing on one leg while lightly targeting with the opposite
foot to the farthest distance along eight spokes of a star-shaped grid. This task simulates dance in the spatial pattern and movement quality of the gesturing limb. The oSEBT was validated for distance on athletes with history of ankle sprain. METHOD: Thirty-three dancers (age 20.1 ±
1.4 yrs) participated from two contemporary dance conservatories (UK and US), with or without a history of lower extremity injury. Dancers were verbally instructed (without physical demonstration) to execute the oSEBT and four modifications (mSEBT): timed (speed), timed with cognitive interference
(answering questions aloud), and sensory disadvantaging (foam mat). Stepping strategies were tracked and performance strategies video-recorded. RESULTS: Unlike the oSEBT results, distances reached were not significant statistically (p = 0.05) or descriptively (i.e., shorter) for either group.
Performance styles varied widely, despite sample homogeneity and instructions to control for strategy. Descriptive analysis of mSEBT showed an increased number of near-falls and decreased timing on the injured limb. CONCLUSIONS: Dancers appeared to employ variable strategies to keep balance
during this test. Quantitative analysis is warranted to define balance strategies for further validation of SEBT modifications to determine its utility as a balance screening tool.
A combination of constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining in the treatment of focal hand dystonia in musicians
Authors: Berque Patrice , Gray Heather , Harkness Cassandra , McFadyen Angus
Published: June 2020

Focal hand dystonia (FHD) in musicians is a painless task-specific motor disorder characterized by an involuntary loss of control of individual finger movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative behavioural therapy intervention, aimed at normalising
movement patterns, in musicians affected by FHD. METHODS: Eight musicians volunteered to take part in this retraining protocol. Intensive constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining at slow speed were the interventions. Video recordings of the subjects playing two pieces were used
for data analysis. The Frequency of Abnormal Movements scale (FAM), the change in metronome speed achieved during motor control retraining, and two ordinal dystonia evaluation scales were chosen as outcome measures. It was hypothesised that there would be significant differences in the FAM
scores and metronome speeds over a 12-month period. RESULTS: For the main outcome measure, the FAM scale scores, the two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed a very significant decrease in the number of abnormal movements per second of instrumental playing over the 12-month period (F =
6.32, df = 7, p<0.001). Tukey's post-hoc tests carried out for the FAM scores revealed that significant changes occurred after 8 months of therapy. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that a combination of constraint-induced therapy and specific motor control retraining may be a successful
strategy for the treatment of musicians' FHD. Furthermore, the results suggest that retraining strategies may need to be carried out for at least 8 months before statistically significant changes are noted.
Reliability of anthropometric measurements in young male and female artistic gymnasts
Authors: Siatras Theophanis , Skaperda Malamati , Mameletzi Dimitra
Published: June 2020

Body dimensions and body composition of children participating in artistic activities, such as gymnastics and many types of dancing, are important factors in performance improvement. The present study aimed to determine the reliability of a series of selected anthropometric measurements
in young male and female gymnasts. Segment lengths, body breadths, circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured in 20 young gymnasts by the same experienced examiner, using portable and easy-to-use instruments. All parameters were measured twice (test-retest) under the same conditions
within a week's period. The high intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.99, as well as the low coefficient of variation (CV) values (<5.3%), affirmed that the selected measurements were highly reliable. The technical error of measurement (TEM) values for
lengths and breadths were 0.15 to 0.80 cm, for circumferences 0.22 to 1 cm, and for skinfold thickness 0.33 to 0.58 mm. The high test-retest ICC and the low CV and TEM values confirmed the reliability of all anthropometric measurements in young artistic gymnasts. Therefore, these measurements
could contribute to further research in this field of investigation, helping to monitor young artistic gymnasts' growth status and identify specific characteristics for increased performance in this sport.
Biomechanical Research in Dance: A Literature Review
Authors: Krasnow Donna , Wilmerding M Virginia , Stecyk Shane , Wyon Matthew , Koutedakis Yiannis
Published: June 2020

The authors reviewed the literature, published from 1970 through December 2009, on biomechanical research in dance. To identify articles, the authors used search engines, including PubMed and Web of Science, five previous review articles, the Dance Medicine and Science Bibliography,
and reference lists of theses, dissertations, and articles being reviewed. Any dance research articles (English language) involving the use of electromyography (EMG), forceplates, motion analysis using photography, cinematography or videography, and/or physics analysis were included. A total
of 89 papers, theses/dissertations, and abstracts were identified and reviewed, grouped by the movement concept or specialized movements being studied: alignment (n = 8), plié (8), relevé (8), passé (3), degagé (3), développé (7), rond de jambe (3),
grand battement (4), arm movements (1), forward stepping (3), turns (6), elevation work (28), falls (1), and dance-specific motor strategies (6). Several recurring themes emerged from these studies: that elite dancers demonstrate different and superior motor strategies than novices or nondancers;
that dancers perform differently when using a barre as opposed to without a barre, both in terms of muscle activation patterns and weight shift strategies; that while skilled dancers tend to be more consistent across multiple trials of a task, considerable variability is seen among participants,
even when matched for background, years of training, body type, and other variables; and that dance teachers recommend methods of achieving movement skills that are inconsistent with optimal biomechanical function, as well as inconsistent with strategies employed by elite dancers. Measurement
tools and the efficacy of study methodologies are also discussed.
How and Why Musicians Are Different from Nonmusicians: A Bibliographic Review
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: June 2020

Musicians differ from nonmusicians in many ways; their many special skills reflect the fact that their brains are built differently and function differently. This review of 172 references from PAMA’s bibliographic database reveals that most differences occur in the neurobiological
realm, in contrast to those of gross anatomy and physiology. Gross changes occur in both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres and in both gray and white matter. Neurophysiologic differences, measured by sophisticated imaging and electrophysiological techniques, are revealed in sound processing
in general, as well as in multiple parameters of music perception, processing, and performance. Most of the neurological differences, both structural and functional, seem to be related to the early age of onset, intense degree, and prolonged duration of musical training and affect multiple,
widespread areas of the brain. Training-related differences extend beyond the musical realm to speech, special senses, and general mental parameters and are seen in both instrumental and vocal musicians. A small percentage of reviewed papers demonstrated no appreciable differences between
musicians and nonmusicians in a few parameters.
The Lived Experience Of Professional Musicians with Playing-Related Injuries: A Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Guptill Christine A
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experience of professional instrumental musicians who have experienced playing-related injuries. The study used a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology developed to examine this lived experience. In-depth interviews were conducted
with 10 professional musicians, followed by a focus group where preliminary findings were presented to participants and their feedback was sought. Other sources of lived experience included participant-observation by the researcher, who is a musician and has experienced injuries, and biographic
and artistic representations of musical performance and its loss, including literature, films, and television. The findings were summarized in a visual representation unique to this study. The representation illustrates three roles--musician, worker, and teacher--that are participated in,
and disrupted by, the experience of being injured. In addition, the experience of a playing-related injury takes place within the context of a healthcare system which was perceived as insufficient to meet their needs: specialized care was rarely available and, if available, was not local or
timely; treatment operated on a fee-for-service model when many musicians had meagre incomes and lacked coverage for these services; and treatment provided often failed to allow musicians to continue to perform at the level they had previously achieved. Finally, the representation illustrated
four existentials--lived time, space, body and social relations--that permeated the experience. This study suggests that improvements to healthcare delivery and education of musicians, music teachers, and healthcare professionals are needed.
Evidence of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young People Studying Popular Music
Authors: Barlow Christopher
Published: June 2020

The number of students studying popular music, music technology, and sound engineering courses at both school and university to has increased rapidly in the last few years. These students are generally involved in music-making/recording and listening to a high level, usually in environments
with amplified music. Recent studies have shown that these students are potentially exposed to a high risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and are not covered by the same regulatory framework as employees. This study examined the pure tone air conduction hearing thresholds of 50 undergraduate
students, including recent school leavers, on a range of popular music courses, to assess if there was evidence of hearing loss. Forty-four percent of students showed evidence of audiometric notch at 4–6 kHz, and 16% were classified under the UK Occupational Health and Safety guidelines
as exhibiting mild hearing loss. Instance of audiometric notch was considerably higher than reported from studies of the general population but was around the same level or lower than that reported from studies of “traditional” music courses and conservatoires, suggesting no higher
risk for popular music students than for “classical” music students. No relationship with age was present, suggesting that younger students were as likely to exhibit audiometric notch as mature students. This indicates that these students may be damaging their hearing through leisure
activities while still at school, suggesting a need for robust education measures to focus on noise exposure of young people.
Music Performance Anxiety—Part 1: A Review of its Epidemiology
Authors: Brugués Ariadna O
Published: June 2020

Music performance anxiety (MPA) affects many individuals regardless of age, gender, experience, and hours of practice. In order to better understand the epidemiology of MPA, a review of the literature was done. Sixteen articles, meeting EBM criteria, were identified and analyzed. Children
rarely suffer from MPA, while adolescents show symptoms similar to adults. Females are generally more affected than males. There is no relation between professional experience and performance anxiety. Great musicians such as Pau Casals and Enrico Caruso suffered from MPA. Nevertheless, students
affected by MPA may decide not to become professional musicians because of their inability to cope with the devastating effects of performance anxiety. Solo performances showed higher MPA scores than ensemble performances. Despite these conclusions, long-term cohort studies with larger, homogeneous
groups of subjects would be desirable, according to the evidence-based medicine criteria.
Long-Term Treatment Effects of Sensory Motor Retuning in a Pianist with Focal Dystonia
Authors: Rosset-Llobet Jaume , Fàbregas-Molas Sílvia
Published: June 2020

Here we present the case of a pianist suffering from unilateral focal hand dystonia for 10 yrs which affected his piano playing as well as other activities of daily life. The treatment applied was sensory motor retuning (SMR), a behavioral treatment for focal hand dystonia. Improvement
was clearly achieved from the beginning of therapy. After 10 mos of treatment, performance levels were comparable to those before illness onset. The patient returned to high-level piano playing, and after 8 yrs of follow-up, performance remains normal.
The Biopsychosocial Model and Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: June 2020

The article by Schneider and Chesky in this issue of MPPA presents an interesting look at how social support affects performance anxiety. Performance anxiety is one of the most discussed topics in performing arts medicine, in part because it is a multifaceted phenomenon with medical,
psychological, and academic/financial aspects. This has led to considerable controversy about the best way to manage "stage fright," ranging from pharmacologic intervention to various types of psychotherapy to a variety of homespun approaches. Some of the fiercest arguments among
those who are concerned about the well-being of musicians (and other performing artists) focus on the appropriateness of treating performance anxiety with medications that target the physical symptoms versus using some type of talk therapy.
Effects of Supplemental Training on Fitness and Aesthetic Competence Parameters in Contemporary Dance: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Angioi Manuela , Metsios George , Twitchett Emily A , Koutedakis Yiannis , Wyon Matthew
Published: June 2020

Within aesthetic sports such as figure skating and rhythmic gymnastics, physical fitness has been shown to have positive benefits on performance outcomes. Presently the link between physical fitness and aesthetic contemporary dance performance has not been demonstrated within an intervention
study. In this study, 24 females engaged in contemporary dance (age 27 ± 5.9 yrs; height 165.3 ± 4.8 cm; weight 59.2 ± 7.6 kg) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an exercise (n = 12) or a control group (n = 12). Three dancers withdrew during the study. The
intervention group completed a 6-week conditioning programme comprising two 1-hr sessions of circuit and vibration training per week. The circuit training focused on local muscular endurance and aerobic conditioning and vibration training protocol concentrated on power. Repeated measures ANOVA
revealed significant increases for the conditioning group in lower body muscular power (11%), upper body muscular endurance (22%), aerobic fitness (11%), and aesthetic competence (12%) (p < 0.05). The control group reported decreases in all the fitness parameters with the exception of aerobic
fitness as well as a decrease in aesthetic competence (7%). A 6-week circuit and vibration training programme, which supplemented normal dance commitments, revealed significant increases in selected fitness components and a concomitant increase in aesthetic competence in contemporary professional
and student dancers.
Monitoring Stage Fright Outside the Laboratory: An Example in a Professional Musician Using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Kusserow Martin , Candia Victor , Amft Oliver , Hildebrandt Horst , Folkers Gerd , Tröster Gerhard
Published: June 2020

We implemented and tested a wearable sensor system to measure patterns of stress responses in a professional musician under public performance conditions. Using this sensor system, we monitored the cellist’s heart activity, the motion of multiple body parts, and their gradual
changes during three repeated performances of a skill-demanding piece in front of a professional audience. From the cellist and her teachers, we collected stage fright self-reports and performance ratings that were related to our sensor data analysis results. Concomitant to changes in body
motion and heart rate, the cellist perceived a reduction in stage fright. Performance quality was objectively improved, as technical playing errors decreased throughout repeated renditions. In particular, from performance 1 to 3, the wearable sensors measured a significant increase in the
cellist’s bowing motion dynamics of ~6% and a decrease in heart rate. Bowing motion showed a marginal correlation to the observed heart rate patterns during playing. The wearable system did not interfere with the cellist’s performance, thereby allowing investigation of stress responses
during natural public performances.
Rehabilitation of a Cellist Whose Vibrato Was Affected by Focal Dystonia
Authors: de Lisle Rae , Speedy Dale B , Thompson John M D
Published: June 2020

Focal dystonia can result in a variety of technical problems in the performing musician, most often affecting control of finger movement, and embouchure. Less common is the effect of focal dystonia on the vibrato of string players. The professional cellist in our study presented with
difficulty controlling her vibrato, which fluctuated both in speed and amplitude, causing an inconsistency of sound. This study investigated whether instrumental retraining could alleviate her condition. We report the novel finding that instrumental retraining can significantly improve the
symptoms of a dystonic vibrato in a cellist.