bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KABA: CERITA KLASIK YANG MENGANDUNG KEKELIRUAN DENGAN TOLOK UKUR ABS-SBK
Authors: Zahari Musril
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Kaba: Cerita Klasik Yang Mengandung Kekeliruan dengan Tolok Ukur ABS-SBK. Kajian ini menyajikan Kaba, sebuah cerita rakyat di masyarakat Minangkabau yang sudah ditulis dalam bentuk buku. Kaba biasanya disampaikan oleh seorang pencerita dengan diiringi musik sebagai pengantar. Banyak cerita kaba yang masih diakui dan dikenal keberadaannya di masyarakat Minangkabau, namun dalam kajian ini hanya disajikan dua cerita kaba: (1) Magek Manandin dan (2) Anggun Nan Tongga. Latar kedua cerita tersebut berisi larangan perjudian dengan mengikuti ketentuan ajaran Islam. Dalam Anggun Nan Tongga dikisahkan tentang syirik (menyekutukan Allah) yang dikecam dalam Islam. Kisah ini tidak dikenal baik karena bertentangan dengan filsafat hidup masyarakat Minangkabau: adat atau tradisi berdasarkan hukum Islam, hukum Islam berdasarkan Al-Quran, Hukum Islam memandu adat atau tradisi. Filosofi ini menjadi kesepakatan masyarakat Minangkabau dan dilarang diubah hingga kapan pun. Sayangnya, dalam kedua cerita Kaba ini, kisah tentang perjudian dan keyirikan dianggap sebagai sebuah kebenaran meskipun dalam beberapa ayat Al-Quran dijelaskan sebagai sebuah pelanggaran (penyimpangan). Kata Kunci: kaba, adat, syarak, Minangkabau, syirik, perjudian Abstract Kaba: Deviations of Oral Classic Story with ABS-SBK Rules. This study discusses kaba, the oral classic story in Minangkabau society that has been written as the book. The kaba is usually told by the story tellers accompanied by he music instruments. Many kabas exist in the Minangkabau community, but in this study I only discuss two kabas (1) Magek Manandin and (2) Anggun Nan Tongga. Based on both kabas, I found that the gambling forbidden by Islam as if allowable. Within Anggun Nan Tongga, there are many discourses which are syirik (do worship other than Allah) that is slammed by Islam. These discourses should have not existed because they oppose to the philosophy of life in Minangkabau: custom/tradition founded upon Islamic law, Islamic law is founded upon the Qur’an, Islamic law dictates customs/traditions. This philosophy as the agreement among Minangkabau people is forbidden to change forever. Ufortunately, in these two kabas, the discourses about the gambling and kesyirikan are regarded as if he truth even though so many verses in the Al-Quran explain about these deviations. Keywords: kaba, custom, syarak, Minangkabau, syirik, gambling
ANALISIS TOPIK DALAM WACANA DIALOG BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Wulandri Hanum
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Analisis Topik dalam Wacana Dialog Bahasa Jepang. Dalam analisis wacana, terdapat istlah yang dinamakan topik. Topik dapat diidentifikasi pada saat dilakukan analisis wacana dalam rangka memahami konteks yang mendukung wacana tersebut. Dalam percakapan (dialog) sehari-hari, kadang-kadang muncul dua atau lebih topik diskusi yang berbeda sumber dari topik awal peecakapan atau disebut pergesean topik. Fenomena yang menjadi fokus perhatian penelitian ini adalah topik percakapan, struktur percakapan kelompok pedagang berdasarkan topik, dan budaya yang tergambar dalam seleksi topik dan variasi bahasa yang berbeda.Kata kunci: analisis percakapan, topik, perubahan topik, nilai budaya, kesempatan berbicara  Abstract Topic Analysis in Japaness Language Conversation Discourse. in the conversation analysis, there is a thing commonly called topic. Topic that can be identified when discourse analysis to understand the context of the discourse that supports it. In daily conversation, sometimes appear two or more of the topics discussed are of course different from the initial topic of conversation or also called shift the topic. The phenomenon that became the focus of this research is the topic of conversation, conversational structure in the form of markers associated with topicalitation and culture in the form of variety of a language and the selection of topics.Keywords: Conversation analysis, topic, topic exchange, cultural values and turn taking
ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KOTOWARI HYOUGEN ANTARA PEMBELAJAR BAHASA JEPANG DAN PENUTUR ASLI
Authors: Hayati Novia
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Analisis Kontrastif Kotowari Hyougen  antara Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang dan Penutur Asli. Di antara beberapa aktifitas berbahasa, tindakan menolak sering dianggap sebagai tindakan yang cukup sulit karena memberikan perasaan tidak menyenangkan terhadap lawan tutur. Tindak tutur menolak tidak terlepas dari latar belakang tindak tutur berbahasa oleh pengguna bahasa tersebut. Pembelajar yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Sunda memiliki kemiripan dengan penutur asli dalam membuat tindak tutur penolakan dikarenakan adanya kedekatan aturan undak usuk bahasa sunda dengan tainguu hyougen dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ungkapan penolakan yang digunakan oleh pembelajar bahasa Jepang kemudian melalui perbandingan dengan penutur asli diketahui persamaan dan perbedaanya serta permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan oleh pembelajar. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Hasil analisis data menunjukan terdapat persamaan diantara pembelajar dan penutur asli dalam pengguna {wabi} terhadap dosen akrab (penggunanya lebih rendah). Sebagai permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan yakni pembelajar menggunakan {fuka} dalam bentuk futsuu no hiteikei, dan {koshou} dalam frekuensi yang cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, penutur asli menggunakan fukanoukei, dikarenakan apabila menggunakan futsuu no hiteikei akan diterima sebagai arti penolakan yang kuat/keras.Kata kunci: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Taiguu hyougen, penutur asli, konstraktif  Abstract Contrastive Analysis of Kotowari Hyougen between Learners of Japanese Language and Japanese Native Speakers. Among several speaking activities, action of refusal is often considered a difficult act as it gives an unpleasant feeling againts interlocutors. Refusal speech act cannot be separated from the background of the speech act by the user of the language. Learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese language has similarities with Japanese native speakers in making the speech act of refusal due to the proximity of the undak usuk in Sundanese with tainguu hyougen in Japanese. This study aims to determine the expressions of refusal used by Japanese learners then, through comparison with native speakers, to determine the similarities, differences and problems in the expression of rejection by the learners. The instrument used in this study is Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Form the analysis of the data it was found that there were similarities between learners and native speakers that {riyuu/iiwake}, {wabi}, {fuka} were used as the main semantic formula. There are similarities between learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese and native speakers in using language {wabi} to professors considered familiar (lower usage). The problem of expressions of refusal used by learners {fuka} in the form Futsuu fuka no hiteikei and {koshou} was in a fairly high frequency. In contrast, native speakers use fukanoukei, because using Futsuu no hiteikei will be considered as a strong/hard sense of refusal.Keywords: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Tainguu hyougen
ADVERBIA STATIF DALAM BAHASA SUNDA: KAJIAN STRUKTUR DAN SEMANTIK
Authors: Sudaryat Yayat
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Adverbia Statif dalam Bahasa Sunda: Kajian Struktur dan Semantik. Kajian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan adverbia statif dalam bahasa Sunda yang dikaji dari segi struktur dan semantik. Deskripsinya mencakup batasan dan karakteristik, fungsi, keterikatan, jumlah unsur, distribusi, makna, dan bentuknya. Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode deskriptif. Sumber data kajian ini berupa ragam bahasa Sunda lisan dan tulis. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik teks, instuisi atau intropeksi, dan teknik elisitasi. Untuk mengolah data digunakan metode distribusional dengan analisis unsur langsung sebagai teknik dasar, yang diikuti teknik permutasi, subsitusi, ekspansi, dan teknik interupsi sebagai teknik lanjutan. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa (a) adverbia statif merupakan adverbia yang secara khusus dan kolokatif menerangkan adjektiva; (b) adverbia statif berfungsi sebagai pewatas belakang adjektiva; (c) adverbia statif dengan adjektiva memiliki keterikatan yang sangat erat dan berkolokatif; (d) jumlah unsur adverbia statif dan adjektiva bersifat saling melengkapi; (e) posisi adverbia statif selalu di belakang adjektiva; (f) adverbia statif memiliki makna inhern ‘sifat kesangatan (kualitas elatif )’ yang dapat di dahului kata mani ‘sangat’; dan (g) adverbia statif pada umumnya berbentuk kata tunggal (71,42%).Kata kunci: adverbia statif, adjektiva, struktur, semantik, pewatas  Abstract The Study of Structure and Semantics of Stative Adverbs in Sundanese Language. This study aims to describe stative adverbs in Sundanese language studied in terms of structure and semantics. Descriptions include definition and characteristic, function, relationship, number of elements, distribution, meaning, and form. This study used a descriptive method. Data source for this study were in the forms of spoken and written language varieties. Tecniques used to collect data are text, intuition or introspection, and elicitation tecniques. To process the data, the study used distributional methods with direct factorial analysis as the basic tecnique, followed by permutation, substitution, expansion, and technical interruptions tecnique, follow-up techniques. The study concludes that (a) stative adverbs are adverb that explain adjectives speciically and collocatively; (b) stative adverbs serves as adjective limiters; (c) stative adverbs with adjectives are bound very tightly and collocated; (d) the number of elements stative adverbs and adjectives are complementary; (e) the position of stative adverbs ia always in the back of the adjectives; (f) stative adverbs have an inherent meaning of ‘excessive nature (elative quality) ‘which may be preceded by the word mani ‘very’, and (g) stative adverbs are generally inthe form of a single word (71,42%)Keywords: stative adverbs, adjective, structure, semantics, limiter
THE SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING CURRICULUM: A TEACHER’S PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Abdullah Hazlina , Abdul Rahman Nik Suryani , Mohd Adnan Airil Haimi
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Kurikulum Membaca Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Skolah Menengah: Sebuah Persepsi Guru. Permasalahan yang di hadapi dalam pembelajaran membaca pemahaman tidak hanya terjadi secara khusus pada siswa di Malaysia. Secara faktual banyak siswa di dunia yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami bacaan. Secara faktual, terdapat beberapa siswa yang memelukan strategi pembelajaran khusus yang konkret untuk membantu memahami bacaan. Pemikiran awal yang hendak di kedepankan dalam tulisan ini adalah dengan mendefinisikan kegiatan membaca, kemudian diikuti dengan sebuah kajian mendalam berkait dengan pembelajaran bahasa komunikatif (CLT) yang diadaptasi dari bentuk 5 kurikulum membaca bahasa Inggris di Malaysia. Bagi penulis, pembaca, dan teks, membaca merupakan bentuk aktual dari sebuah proses komunikasi yang menempatkan pembaca  memahami aturan-aturan secara aktif dalam sebuah proses membaca. Asumsi dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah pentingnya guru menerapkan aturan-aturan yang didasari pada tujuan belajar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa membaca pemahaman. Hal ini merefleksi pentingnya kurikulum membaca yang akan diimplementasikan guru dalam pembelajaran membaca sebagai pijakan penyususnan ancangan kurikulum. Hal ini yang diharapkan kajian ini dapat memberikan manfaat termasuk dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan penyiapan ujian hanya untuk guru Malaysia tetapi juga di dunia sekitar.Kata kunci: kurikulum membaca bahasa Inggris, kemampuan membaca pemahaman AbstractThe Secondary School English Language Reading Curriculum: A teacher’s Perceptions. The problem of reading comprehension is not unique to only Malaysian graduates. In fact many students experience comprehension difficulties. This, some sudents need explicit comprehension strategy instruction. A rational starting point for this discussion is by defining what reading is. It is then followed by a brief review on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) which is adopted in the Malaysian Form 5 English Language Reading Curriculum. Involving the writer, the reader and the text, reading is actually a communication process where a reader is seen to perform an active role in a reading process. Based on the many previous researches, it is obvious that the teacher’s role in aiding students’ reading comprehension skills is vital. This also reflects the importance of the reading curriculum, as teachers will impkement their reading instruction based on the outlined curriculum. It is hoped that this study may benefit those involved in the curriulum development and examination syndicate, to enhance the teaching and learning processes of reading in the second language, not only among teachers in Malaysia but also world-wide.Keywords: English language Reading Curriculum, reading comprehension skill
KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN BAHASA JEPANG: KAJIAN SINTAKTIS DAN SEMANTIS
Authors: Sutedi Dedi , Widianti Susi
Published: September 2016

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persamaan dan perbedaan bentuk-bentuk pengandaian dalam BJ dari segi sintaktis dan semantis yang dipusatkan pada anak kalimat (S1) dan induk kalimatnya (S2). Hasil analisa data diketahui bahwa keempat bentuk penganadaian BJ digunakan dalam variasi konstruksi yang sama, yaitu: (a) S1-KàS2-K; (b) S1-PàS2-K, (c) S1-KàS2-P, dan S1-PàS2-K. Persaman dan perbedaan lainnya adalah (1) V-TO dan V-BA digunakan untuk menyatakan pengandaian biasa; (2) V-TARA dan V-BA bisa diikuti oleh S2 yang menyatakan kejadian di masa lampau; (3) V-NARA dapat menyatakan bahwa S1 dan S2 terjadi secara bersamaan; (4) V-TARA, V-BA, dan V-TO menyatakan urutan kejadain S1 yang disusul oleh S2 (S1àS2); (5) V-TO menyatakan urutan S1àS2 tanpa ada jeda waktu atau perantara; (6) V-TARA dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa S1 benar-benar telah terwujud; (7) V-TO tidak bisa diikuti S2 yang menyatakan perintah, permohonan, ajakan, maksud, keinginan, larangan, dan saran; dan (8) semua bentuk tersebut bisa diikuti S2 yang menyatakan kemungkinan, dugaan, atau pendapat peribadi penutur.Kata kunci: kalimat pengandaian, bentuk V-BA, bentuk V-TO, bentuk V-TARA, bentuk V-NARA Abstract This study tried to describe the similarities and the differences of Japanese conditional patterns from the perspectives of syntax and semantics. The results reveal that the four Japanese conditional patterns are used in similar variations and constructions, namely (a) S1-KàS2-K; (b) S1-PàS2-K, (c) S1-KàS2-P, and S1-PàS2-K. Other equations and differences expose several facts. (1) The patterns of V-TO and V-BA are used to declare a general conditional. (2) The patterns of V-TARA and V-BA can be followed by an S2 that states events in the past. (3) The pattern of V-NARA can express S1 and S2 events that occur simultaneously. (4) The patterns of V-TARA, V-BA, and V-TO state the order of events of S1 and S2 (S1àS2). (5) The pattern of V-TO declares a sequence of activities S1àS2 without any lag time. (6) The pattern of V-TARA can be used to declare an S1 that has actually happened. (7) The pattern of V-TO cannot be followed by S2 that state imperatives, requests, invitations, intention, desire, prohibition, and advice. (8) all four conditionals can be followed by S2 that states the possibility, prediction, or personal opinion of speakers.Keywords: Conditional Sentence, V-BA form, V-TO form, V-TARA form, V-NARA form
Suitability Analysis of Water in an Urban Tropical Lake Using Seasonal Water-Quality Index
Authors: Tiwari Madhavi , Dwivedi Anil Kumar ,   Pollution and Environmental Assay Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, U.P., India.,   Pollution and Environmental Assay Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, U.P., India.
Published: September 2016

This study deals with the study of water-quality index (WQI) of a tropical, urban water body in Gorakhpur region (India). Water-quality index was determined on the basis of various physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, hardness, calcium, magnesium, etc. Then, on the basis of calculated WQI, the water was correlated for its use for public consumption, recreation, or any other purpose. A number of parameters directly regulate the utility of water for a particular purpose. The water-quality index obtained for the water body in different seasons of study periods, i.e., rainy season, winter season, and summer season are 78.29, 74.01, and 116.94, respectively; this indicates the water quality of the collected samples to be very poor.
Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Oliveira Luiz F.F. , Salvador Sérgio L. , Silva Pedro H.F. , Furlaneto Flávia A.C. , Figueiredo Luciene , Casarin Renato , Ervolino Edilson , Palioto Daniela B. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mario , Novaes Arthur B. , Messora Michel R.
Published: September 2016

Background: This study evaluates effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.

Methods: Thirty‐two rats were divided into groups C (control; without EP), EP (EP only), C‐HN019 (control+probiotic), and EP‐HN019 (EP+probiotic). On day 0 of the experiment, animals of groups EP and EP‐HN019 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFMs). In groups C‐HN019 and EP‐HN019, 1 mL of suspensions containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. In groups C and EP, topical administrations were performed using a sham suspension (without probiotic). All animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed (P <0.05).

Results: Group EP presented greater bone porosity, trabecular separation, and connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) as well as reduced bone volume than all other groups (P <0.05). In group EP‐HN019, there were greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus‐like species and lower proportions of Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, and Prevotella intermedia‐like species than group EP. Group EP‐HN019 presented greater expressions of osteoprotegerin and β‐defensins than group EP (P <0.05). Group EP presented greater levels of interleukin‐1β and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand than group EP‐HN019 (P <0.05).

Conclusion: Topical use of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTALs attributable to EP in rats, modifying immunoinflammatory and microbiologic parameters.
Tarefas e justificativas de professores em ambientes virtuais colaborativos de geometria dinâmica
Authors: Powell Arthur B. , Pazuch Vinícius
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo, refletimos como professores que ensinam matemática constroem justificações geométricas usando relações e propriedades e como esses resolvem uma tarefa sobre quadriláteros e suas bissetrizes no ambiente VMTcG. Os professores são participantes do projeto de formação continuada com tecnologias digitais, trabalham em pequenas equipes colaborativamente para construir figuras geométricas e resolver problemas geométricos. Dada uma sequência de tarefas elaboradas para colaboração em um ambiente virtual colaborativo, analisamos como três professores colaborativamente e discursivamente construíram justificações dedutivas com base em suas próprias conjecturas e percepções de relações entre objetos geométricos, sem o uso de medidas. Esse resultado e as condições em que ele foi realizado geram implicações para a Educação Matemática de professores e para a prática docente deles.
Testes aritméticos no cotidiano da Escola Normal de Casa Branca
Authors: Pinheiro Nara Vilma Lima
Published: September 2016

Esse artigo analisa as tentativas da Escola Normal de Casa Branca de dar base científica a organização escolar em tempos da pedagogia experimental. Trata-se de um tempo que os discursos científicos orientavam a transformação das escolas em verdadeiros laboratórios para diagnosticar os problemas educacionais e dar-lhes a cura por meio de métodos de ensino adequados. Fundamentada nos estudos advindos da História Cultural buscou-se analisar o estabelecimento dos testes na cultura escolar para subsidiar mudanças na prática pedagógica do ensino de aritmética. Tem-se como questão norteadora saber: que usos e interpretações da pedagogia experimental fez a Escola Normal de Casa Branca para o ensino de aritmética, tendo-se como obra referência Introdução ao Estudo da Escola Nova? O estudo evidenciou que ainda não está em foco questões relativas à aprendizagem aritmética, o que se tem é uma preocupação com o desenvolvimento psicológico da criança de modo a se ter um maior rendimento do ensino.
O PNE e a articulação da pós-graduação com a educação básica
Authors: Nacarato Adair Mendes
Published: September 2016

Discutem-se neste texto algumas questões suscitadas pelo Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), no que diz respeito à articulação da Pós-Graduação em Educação com a educação básica e, em particular, questões relacionadas às metas 14 e 16 do referido plano. Visando avaliar a exequibilidade dessas metas, aponta-se o distanciamento existente entre elas e os critérios de avaliação dos programas de pós-graduação, no que diz respeito à inserção social e ao impacto regional e (ou) nacional. Identifica-se pouca valorização das parcerias da pós-graduação com os sistemas de ensino nos critérios de avaliação da Capes na área de Educação. Questiona-se se os programas de pós-graduação já existentes no País atendem a demanda dos professores da educação básica ou se a pós-graduação é o caminho desejado pelos professores para o seu desenvolvimento profissional.
Evaluation of Antibody Titre of Dogs Vaccinated against Canine Distemper in Jos, Plateau State
Authors: Ikejiofor Ogbu Kenneth
Published: September 2016

Determination of antibody titre of dogs vaccinated against canine distemper in Jos North and South local Government Areas of Plateau State was carried out by collection of sera of vaccinated dogs and administration of well-structured questionnaires to dog owners. The samples collected were analyzed using the immune-blot ELISA Kit to determining the antibody titre (immunoglobulin G). It indicated that dogs vaccinated against the disease mounted adequate protective immunity. The result revealed that 54 (90.0%) of the sampled dogs have protective immunity, with those given more than one dose having higher level of protective antibody. Statistically, the result showed that the antibody titre did not differ significantly in relation to immunity and sex, breed, age and location but significant difference was seen in relation to number of primary vaccination. The result also revealed that those dogs that received booster doses (secondary vaccination) had more protective antibody. The study was aimed at evaluating the antibody titre of dogs vaccinated against canine distemper in Jos, Plateau State.
Characterization and Development of EST-SSR Markers in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)
Authors: Kim Jin-Hee , Kim Jun-Hoi , Jo Won-Sam , Ham Jung-Gwan , Chung Il Kyung , Kim Kyung-Min
Published: September 2016

According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the world population will increase to about 91 million (Asia 51 million, Africa 19 million). A rise in the world’s population means an increased need for food. However, climate change has caused desertification and unpredictable weather, creating problems in the supply and demand of food. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an alternative to solving the food problem, as it is one of the world’s most important food crops, especially in developing countries. The tuberous roots of sweet potato are usually used as staple food, animal feed, industrial material, or raw material for alcohol production. In the future, more variations of sweet potato will be needed for breeding this crop. Recently, molecular markers developed for sweet potato have demonstrated good potential for use in genetic selection. In this study, a cDNA library was constructed from the total RNA of sweet potato leaves. A total of 789 copies of the cDNA were cloned in Escherichia coli by employing the pGEM-T Easy vector. Sequencing was carried out by Solgent Co. (Korea). As many as 579 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were designed (73.38%) from the known cDNA nucleotide base sequences. The lengths of the developed EST-SSR markers ranged from 100 to 499 bp (average length 238 bp). Their motif sequence types were varied, with most being dinucleotides and pentanucleotides, and the most commonly found motifs were CAGAAT (29.0%) and TCT (2.8%). Based on these SSR-containing sequences, 619 pairs of high-quality SSR primers were designed using WebSat and Primer3web. The total number of primers designed was 144. Polymorphism was evident in 82 EST-SSR markers among 20 Korean sweet potato cultivars tested and in 90 EST-SSR markers in the two parents of a mapping population, Yeseumi and Annobeny. In this study, the hexaploid sweet potato (2n = 6x = 90) EST-SSR markers were developed in the absence of full-sequence data. Moreover, by acting as a molecular tag for particular traits, the EST-SSR marker can also simultaneously identify information about the corresponding gene. These EST-SSR markers will allow the molecular analysis of sweet potato to be done more efficiently. Thus, we can develop high-quality sweet potato while overcoming the challenges from climate change and other unfavorable conditions.
Reorganization of the grammatical structure of the authentic text as a result of adaptation by the example of the novel by Maugham «The Painted Veil»
Authors: Novikova Natalia Anatolyevna
Published: September 2016

The article describes the main features of the grammatical adaptation of the original text on the example of a particular work of art. This article also identifies the most frequently exposed to simplification the grammatical phenomenon and the analysis of the above mentioned changes.
Creating a system of augmented reality for mobile devices
Authors: Krivolapov Dmitry Victorovich
Published: September 2016

This article deals with one of the most promising approaches to pattern recognition of augmented reality marker in the video stream and also describes the basic steps required to create an information system.
Brainteasers as means of development of spatial functions among preschool and early school age children
Authors: Burachevskaya Olga Vladimirovna
Published: September 2016

The article presents an overview of correction and developing work methods for the cultivation of spatial functions at preschool and early school age children. Basic types of geometric puzzles are investigated. The paper also describes the options for their use in the work on the formation and development of spatial functions.
Unemployment theory and their evolution
Authors: Alexeeva Tatyana Victorovna , Maximuk Dmitry Sergeevich
Published: September 2016

The article investigates the theory of unemployment. It describes the actuality of problems investigation of unemployment theory in modern society. The authors define the creators and followers of the theory, reveal general thoughts and provisions of the theory and find out the main changes between unemployment theories.
Attention deficiency overcoming exercises among mental retarded pupils in preschool education
Authors: Kuleshova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: September 2016

The article is devoted to the question of attention development among intellectually retarded pupils while preschool education. The work carefully describes the attention peculiarities of mentally deficient children and offers some exercises developping attention of this category of children.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn) - A Cardiotonic Herb
Authors: Orhan Ilkay Erdogan
Published: September 2016

Crataegus oxyacantha L. (syn. C. rhipidophylla Gand.) (Rosac-eae) is one of the
two medicinally recognized hawthorn species in European Pharmacopeia. Standardization of
the extract prepared from the berry and flowers of the plant is required according to its oligomeric
procyanidins. C. oxyacantha is well-known for its use in the treatment of various
heart problems particularly, including heart failure in cases of declining cardiac performance
equivalent to stages I and II of the New York Heart Association classification, angina pectoris,
hypertension with myocardial insufficiency, mild alterations of cardiac rhythm, and atherosclerosis.
C. oxyacantha has been reported to exert several other pharmacological activities
such as hypotensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory,
and antimutagenic. Oligomeric procyanidins and flavone/flavonol types of flavonoids, which
are considered to be the chief groups of active substances, phenolic acids, triterpenes, fatty
acids, and sterols are present in the plant. The present review aims mainly to outline cardiotonic
effect of C. oxyacantha as well as its brief phytochemistry. Numerous experiments
and clinical studies have underlined cardiovascular efficacy of the plant through various
mechanisms including positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects, escalation in
coronary blood flow and exercise tolerance, inhibition of the enzymes such as angiotensinconverting
enzyme (ACE) and phosphodiesterase, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic
effects, improving status of antioxidant enzymes, etc., which support its cardioactive efficacy.
The plant possesses several other bioactivities for human health usually concomitant to
its rich polyphenolic content.
Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants
Authors: Kiss Anna K. , Piwowarski Jakub P.
Published: September 2016

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable
tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable
to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often
underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results
of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory
potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins.
In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism
and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted
in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue
and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral
administration.

The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry
and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed
biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability
and metabolism.

Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins
and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as
well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the
chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of
hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be
taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular
urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities,
being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability.

The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo
and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response
gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT
containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases
(IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.
Propaganda Partidária Gratuita: dilemas e implicações sobre os partidos políticos e a comunicação política brasileira
Authors: Tenório Giliard Gomes
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho busca destacar as características de Propaganda Partidária Gratuita (PPG), espaço oferecido pelo Estado aos partidos brasileiro em cadeia nacional de rádio e televisão, em período não-eleitoral. Este é um objeto de caráter eminentemente partidário, cujo objetivo é oferecer uma oportunidade para as siglas apresentem sua identidade e programa político para a população. Por outro lado, a PPG também deve ser percebida por seu viés de propaganda, cuja aplicação ao mundo da política (notadamente por meio das campanhas políticas e eleitorais) tem sido definida pelas práticas de valorização da imagem dos candidatos – em detrimento de elementos coletivos. Em razão disso, questões como declínio partidário, personalização e profissionalização da política, tornam-se mais relevantes, orientando este estudo.

 

This paper seeks to highlight the features of Brazilian Partisan Propaganda (BPP), a kind of advertisement offer by the Brazilian State to the political parties on national radio and television network, in the non-electoral period. This is an object of character eminently partisan, whose goal is to provide an opportunity for the parties to present its identity and political program to the population. On the other hand, the BPP should also be perceived by its bias propaganda, whose application to the world of politics (notably through political and election campaigns) has been defined by the practices of image enhancement of the candidates – at the expense of collective elements. As a result, issues such party decline, personalization and professionalization of politics, become increasingly relevant, guiding the study developed here.
Democracia digital e práticas colaborativas: a Wikipédia como espaço de discussão política
Authors: Sousa Carlos Henrique Parente , Marques Francisco Paulo Jamil Almeida
Published: September 2016

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi compreender o processo de discussão de temas de natureza política em ambientes colaborativos. Primeiramente, destaca-se a importância da internet e das iniciativas colaborativas para o incremento das práticas democráticas. Em seguida, examina-se a importância do debate público como mecanismo de produção de decisões legítimas. Por fim, examina-se um conjunto de debates travados na Wikipédia, observando-se as tensões geradas em torno da construção do verbete "Dilma Rousseff" após as eleições de 2010. Há evidências de que o design dos fóruns, bem como o comprometimento dos participantes, são fatores essenciais para possibilitar discussões que atendam a princípios como justificação, reciprocidade e, naturalmente, legitimidade.
A propaganda negativa como instrumento democrático [Entrevista com Scott Desposato]
Authors: Borba Felipe
Published: September 2016

Entrevista com o professor Scott Desposado da Universidade da Califórnia, San Diego.
Teses e dissertações defendidas no Brasil (1992-2012): um mapa da pesquisa em comunicação e política
Authors: Aldé Alessandra , Chagas Viktor , Bastos dos Santos João Guilherme
Published: September 2016

Este relatório propõe uma primeira análise dos dados compilados para o Diretório Permanente de Teses e Dissertações da Compolítica, mantido pela Associação dos Pesquisadores Brasileiros em Comunicação e Política. O Diretório é um repositório digital de conteúdos de pesquisa relacionados ao tema, com escopo institucional e exaustivo, isto é, aberto a novas submissões. A partir de um corpus inicial de mais de 600 títulos já cadastrados na base de dados, este artigo pretende oferecer uma análise preliminar da pesquisa pós-graduada produzida no país na interface disciplinar da Comunicação e Política, com foco no período de 1992 a 2012, em que se concentram os dados disponíveis digitalmente e o maior volume de produção. A proposta do trabalho, portanto, é debater as linhas de atuação dos temas, instituições e pesquisadores da especialidade e perceber, por meio delas, como se configura o campo de pesquisa sobre o eixo da Comunicação e Política no Brasil, compreendendo de forma abrangente as redes de pesquisadores, seus laços e influências, bem como suas tendências históricas e institucionais.

 

This report proposes an initial analysis of data collected for the Permanent Directory of Theses and Dissertations from Compolítica, the Brazilian Association of Political Communication Scholars. The Directory is a digital repository of research content related to the topic, with institutional and comprehensive scope, that is, open to new submissions. From an initial corpus of over 600 titles already registered in the database, this article aims to provide a preliminary examination of postgraduate research produced in the country in the disciplinary interface of Communication and Politics, focusing on the period 1992-2012, in which the data is concentrated and when there is higher output available. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to discuss the themes, institutions and researchers and map, through them, the conformation of the field of Communication and Politics in Brazil, comprising the networks of researchers, their ties and influences, as well as their historical and institutional trends.
A construção de imagens do Jornal Nacional durante o escândalo do “Mensalão”
Authors: Vasconcellos Fabio
Published: September 2016

Este estudo analisa os enquadramentos propostos pelo Jornal Nacional com relação ao então presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e o chamado escândalo do “Mensalão”, ocorrido durante 2005. Foram analisadas reportagens do telejornal durante um período de cinco semanas, num total de 96 casos. Como os resultados indicam, os enquadramentos de responsabilização foram mais frequentes quando as reportagens tratavam de integrantes do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), seus aliados políticos e empresários. No caso de Lula, prevaleceu enquadramentos que reforçavam características pessoais do presidente, como a sua história de vida e comprometimento ético. Embora não seja possível afirmar causalidade na relação entre a cobertura do telejornal e o resultado político-eleitoral de 2006, as indicações deste estudo, a nosso ver, enriquecem as interpretações sobre as consequências do escândalo do “Mensalão”.
Comunicação, ocupação, representação: três olhares sobre a noção de advocacy em contextos de deliberação pública
Authors: Mafra Rennan Lanna Martins
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo busca compreender, de modo mais sistemático, a noção de advocacy – tomada, particularmente em contextos de deliberação pública. Indo às origens políticas e etimológicas do termo advocacy, e reconhecendo que a advocacy engendrada por atores cívicos pode assumir acepções de i) skills numa situação comunicativa; ii) práticas técnico-competentes de ocupação dos sistemas político e midiático, e da vida social; e iii) práticas de representação política, procuramos apontar que riscos como o cerramento dialógico, a imposição discursiva e a essencialização identitária podem advir de práticas de advocacy, em contextos deliberativos democráticos. Contudo, a tematização ampla de questões e a tradução de demandas surgidas em ambientes restritos podem indicar alguns caminhos possíveis para a compreensão de ganhos da advocacy, em processos ampliados de deliberação pública.
Produção da campanha “Voto limpo”: atores e protagonistas nas eleições municipais de 2012
Authors: Chaia Vera , Chagas Genira , Fernandes Carla Montuori
Published: September 2016

O Superior Tribunal Federal (STF) considerou válida, a partir das eleições municipais de 2012, a Lei n. 135 de 2010 ou Lei da Ficha Limpa. Em função desse novo instrumento jurídico, este texto propõe um retrospecto da ação da Justiça Eleitoral na governança dos processos, mostrando a importância do órgão na institucionalização da Ficha Limpa e como esse novo mecanismo passou a influenciar os pleitos. Na eleição de 2012 a lei foi utilizada como recurso de comunicação para produzir a campanha “Voto Limpo”. Este texto também sugere uma discussão sobre a campanha e, dessa forma, busca contribuir para evidenciar os efeitos de sentido criados pelas peças publicitárias. Com este movimento multidisciplinar o artigo reafirma o STF e o TSE como instituições consolidadas no papel da governança eleitoral, além da ação do eleitor no avanço do processo democrático. 

 

 

 
Comunicação e processos identitários: entrelaçamentos, não-ditos e caminhos de possibilidades
Authors: Goés José Cristian
Published: September 2016

Este trabalho busca realizar uma discussão que aproxima a perspectiva praxiológica da comunicação com formulações centrais sobre os processos identitários, especialmente os coletivos. Em razão desse exercício, em que também utilizamos as ideias de dispositivo e de poder em Foucault, reconhecemos a existência de uma espécie de dependência constitutiva das identidades ao viés relacional da comunicação. Além disso, defendemos a existência de um ambiente não completamente visível nas interações, repleto de “não-ditos”, o que possibilita um salto para um campo aberto a possibilidades interpretativas, produzindo as fissuras identitárias.
Decisions about Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease in the US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2000–2011
Authors: Wong Susan P.Y. , Hebert Paul L. , Laundry Ryan J. , Hammond Kenric W. , Liu Chuan-Fen , Burrows Nilka R. , O’Hare Ann M.
Published: September 2016

Background and objectives

It is not known what proportion of United States patients with advanced CKD go on to receive RRT. In other developed countries, receipt of RRT is highly age dependent and the exception rather than the rule at older ages.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a retrospective study of a national cohort of 28,568 adults who were receiving care within the US Department of Veteran Affairs and had a sustained eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009. We used linked administrative data from the US Renal Data System, US Department of Veteran Affairs, and Medicare to identify cohort members who received RRT during follow-up through October 1, 2011 (n=19,165). For a random 25% sample of the remaining 9403 patients, we performed an in-depth review of their VA–wide electronic medical records to determine the treatment status of their CKD.

Results

Two thirds (67.1%) of cohort members received RRT on the basis of administrative data. On the basis of the results of chart review, we estimate that an additional 7.5% (95% confidence interval, 7.2% to 7.8%) of cohort members had, in fact, received dialysis, that 10.9% (95% confidence interval, 10.6% to 11.3%) were preparing for and/or discussing dialysis but had not started dialysis at most recent follow-up, and that a decision had been made not to pursue dialysis in 14.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.1% to 14.9%). The percentage of cohort members who received or were preparing to receive RRT ranged from 96.2% (95% confidence interval, 94.4% to 97.4%) for those <45 years old to 53.3% (95% confidence interval, 50.7% to 55.9%) for those aged ≥85 years old. Results were similar after stratification by tertile of Gagne comorbidity score.

Conclusions

In this large United States cohort of patients with advanced CKD, the majority received or were preparing to receive RRT. This was true even among the oldest patients with the highest burden of comorbidity.
IMPROVED ESTIMATION OF COVARIANCE MATRIX IN HOTELLING’S T2 FOR MICROARRAY DATA
Authors: Karjanto Suryaefiza , Ramli Norazan Mohamed , Md Ghani Nor Azura Md Ghaninor Azura
Published: September 2016

The relationship between genes in gene set analysis in microarray data is analyzed using Hotelling’s T2 but the test cannot be applied when the number of samples is larger than the number of variables which is uncommon in the microarray. Thus, in this study, we proposed shrinkage approaches to estimating the covariance matrix in Hotelling’s T2 particularly to cater high dimensionality problem in microarray data. Three shrinkage covariance methods were proposed in this study and are referred as Shrink A, Shrink B and Shrink C. The analysis of the three proposed shrinkage methods was compared with the Regularized Covariance Matrix Approach and Kong’s Principal Component Analysis. The performances of the proposed methods were assessed using several cases of simulated data sets. In many cases, the Shrink A method performed the best, followed by the Shrink C and RCMAT methods. In contrast, both the Shrink B and KPCA methods showed relatively poor results. The study contributes to an establishment of modified multivariate approach to differential gene expression analysis and expected to be applied in other areas with similar data characteristics.
COMPUTER-AIDED MODEL FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION IN MAMMOGRAMS
Authors: El-shazli Alaa M. Adel , Youssef Sherin M. , Elshennawy Marwa
Published: September 2016

The objective of this research was to introduce a new system for automated detection of breast masses in mammography images. The system will be able to discriminate if the image has a mass or not, as well as benign and malignant masses. The new automated ROI segmentation model, where a profiling model integrated with a new iterative growing region scheme has been proposed. The ROI region segmentation is integrated with both statistical and texture feature extraction and selection to discriminate suspected regions effectively. A classifier model is designed using linear fisher classifier for suspected region identification. To check the system’s performance, a large mammogram database has been used for experimental analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy have been used as performance measures. In this study, the methods yielded an accuracy of 93% for normal/abnormal classification and a 79% accuracy for bening/malignant classification. The proposed model had an improvement of 8% for normal/abnormal classification, and a 7% improvement for benign/malignant classification over Naga et al., 2001. Moreover, the model improved 8% for normal/abnormal classification over Subashimi et al., 2015. The early diagnosis of this disease has a major role in its treatment. Thus the use of computer systems as a detection tool could be viewed as essential to helping with this disease.