bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Job Demands of Chinese Manufacturing Employees Predict Positive or Negative Outcomes? A Test of Competing Hypotheses
Authors: Cheung Janelle H. , Sinclair Robert R. , Shi Junqi , Wang Mo
Published: March 2014

Karasek's job demands–control (JDC) model posits that job control can buffer against the harmful effects of demands experienced by employees. A large volume of JDC research has obtained support for the main effects of demands and control, but not the interactive effects. Recent research on the challenge–hindrance stressors framework, however, found that work stressors may not always be deleterious, suggesting alternative hypotheses about the effects of demands and control. The present study therefore examined competing hypotheses concerning the effects of job demands on occupational health outcomes. Using a sample of 316 employees in a Chinese manufacturing company, we found that, consistent with the challenge–hindrance framework, production demands were challenge stressors associated with favourable outcomes (i.e. job satisfaction and psychological well‐being). In addition, results showed that the interactive role of job control depended on the nature of outcome variables. Future recommendations and implications of findings are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Knowledge Engineering Framework for Identifying Key Impact Factors from Safety‐Related Accident Cases
Authors: Pan Shouhui , Wang Li , Wang Kaiyi , Bi Zhuming , Shan Siqing , Xu Bo
Published: March 2014

Consumer product safety closely relates to consumer health. In this paper, a knowledge engineering framework is proposed for data mining to identify key safety factors from a large number of consumer product safety cases. Data mining in the framework is performed in three steps. The first step is to collect consumer product safety cases, a case can be semistructured or unstructured, and cases can be collected either manually or automatically by a web spider crawling certain websites. The second step is to extract all safety factors from a number of consumer product safety cases. A new method based on linear chain conditional random field is developed to extract safety factors. The effectiveness of the method has been validated on product cases. The third step is to identify a set of key factors from all safety factors by knowledge reasoning. To illustrate the process of knowledge reasoning, a set of 3192 safety cases of electric products with electric shock accidents is chosen as the case study; a Bayesian network based model is developed to retrieve key safety factors relating to electric shock accidents. The performance of the reasoning model has been verified by a combination of experts' evaluation and experiments, and it has shown the proposed reasoning model can help identify key safety factors of electric shock accidents successfully. Overall, the proposed framework is capable of identifying key safety factors from a large number of consumer product safety cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple‐resolution content sharing in mobile opportunistic networks
Authors: Lai Yongxuan , Chen Zhengkun , Wu Weicong , Ma Tianli
Published: March 2014

Mobile opportunistic network is a kind of delay‐tolerant network that consists of mobile wireless‐enabled nodes and adopts the form of opportunistic transmissions. When nodes are within the radio range, data and contents could be exchanged among the nodes to meet users' requests or subscriptions. Yet because of unpredictable node movements and varied users' interests, the sharing of contents is a challenging problem in mobile opportunistic networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi‐resolution content sharing algorithm in mobile opportunistic networks. The algorithm takes data granularity into account and attaches to each content segment a priority weight that combines factors of the node contact pattern and the match between the requests and contents when nodes are in contact. Then, on the basis of the priority weight, the most valued contents of proper resolution level are forwarded to the peer nodes for sharing. Our algorithm also calculates an importance weight for the contents stored in the cache, and content segments with the smallest importance would be transformed into lower resolution to free storage space and hence improve the overall usage of the storage. Extensive experimental results show that our algorithm performs well under extensive conditions. It increases the content delivery rate with little extra cost on message transmissions and delay of requests compared with other algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first step on the research on multi‐resolution content sharing in mobile opportunistic networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trinuclear Complexes of Zinc(II) and Cobalt(II) with a Tridentate Schiff Base Ligand Containing Phenolate and Pyridine Donor Groups
Authors: Diop Mayoro , Aly‐Gaye Papa , Bouyagui‐Tamboura Farba , Gaye Mohamed , Pérez‐Lourido Paulo , Valencia Laura , Castro Goretti
Published: March 2014

Acetate trinuclear metal complexes of ZnII and CoII with the potentially tridentate Schiff base ligand, having mixed phenolate, imine, and pyridine donor groups, HL, were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, LSI mass spectrometry, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. Crystal structures of [M3L2(OAc)4] (M = ZnII, CoII) complexes, were also determined. The X‐ray structures show the presence of trinuclear complexes with metal ions joined by phenolate and acetate bridging groups. The ligands coordinate to the metal ions through the imine nitrogen and their corresponding attached pyridyl and phenolate groups. The coordination environment for the metal ions is completed by bridging acetate anions to generate an octahedral coordination arrangement for the CoII complex and mixed distorted, bipyramidal trigonal and octahedral arrangements for the ZnII complex.
SH‐wave propagation in a continuously inhomogeneous half‐plane with free‐surface relief by BIEM
Authors: Wuttke F. , Fontara I. K. , Dineva P. , Rangelov T.
Published: March 2014

The anti‐plane strain elastodynamic problem for a continuously inhomogeneous half‐plane with free‐surface relief subjected to time‐harmonic SH‐wave is studied. The computational tool is a boundary integral equation method (BIEM) based on analytically derived Green's function for a quadratically inhomogeneous in depth half‐plane. To show the versatility of the proposed BIE method, it is considered SH‐wave propagation in an inhomogeneous half‐plane with free surface relief presented by a semi‐circle, semi‐elliptic and triangle canyon. The inhomogeneous in depth half‐plane is modeled in two different ways: (i) the material properties vary continuously in depth and BIEM based on Green's function is used; (ii) the material properties vary in a discrete way and the half‐plane is presented by a set of homogeneous layers with horizontal interfaces and a hybrid technique based on wave number integration method (WNIM) and BIEM is applied. The equivalence of these two different models is shown. The simulations reveal a marked dependence of the wave field on the material inhomogeneity and the potential of the BIEM based on the Green's function for half‐plane to produce highly accurate results by using strongly reduced discretization mesh in comparison with the conventional boundary element technique using fundamental solution for the full plane.
Asymptotic stability of the vacuum solution for one‐dimensional nonlinear Klein‐Gordon equations with a perturbed one‐gap periodic potential with and without an eigenvalue
Authors: Prill O.
Published: March 2014

Based upon a one‐dimensional nonlinear Klein‐Gordon equation with a perturbed one‐gap periodic potential, this paper deals with the question as to whether spatially localized structures in periodic media can exist for all times. As it turns out that, given our model equation, the latter question cannot be answered in the affirmative, we show the asymptotic stability of the vacuum state in appropriate dispersive norms and provide an upper bound for the temporal decay rates of the corresponding solutions. This is done by using the dispersive estimates proved in [23]. More precisely, if the perturbed Hill operator associated to our problem has no eigenvalue, we add a power nonlinearity up with p ∈ {6, 7, 8, …}. In this setting, the convergence to the trivial solution w. r. t. the L∞ norm is shown in a canonical way. We obtain the corresponding linear rate. In contrast, if the spatially localized potential creates an eigenvalue in the band gap of the continuous spectrum, then we multiply up by a spatial weight function and prove an asymptotic stability result w. r. t. a weighted L2 norm for p ∈ {3, 4, 5, …}. Now, in the presence of an eigenvalue, there is a strongly reduced decay compared to the associated linearized problem. It is due to the component that belongs to the discrete spectral subspace of L2 w. r. t. the perturbed Hill operator. As in [29], this phenomenon is referred to as metastability of the corresponding solutions.
Influence of controlled inoculation of malolactic fermentation on the sensory properties of industrial cider
Authors: Sánchez Ainoa , de Revel Gilles , Antalick Guillaume , Herrero Mónica , García Luis A , Díaz Mario
Published: March 2014

Given the lack of research in the traditional cider making field when compared to the efforts devoted to winemaking, this work focused on the effects of controlled inoculation of the malolactic fermentation (MLF) on the sensory properties of cider. MLF develops spontaneously in cider making at industrial level. In this work, industrial cider samples were inoculated with selected indigenous Oenococcus oeni strains and the benefits on the aroma and flavour in cider production compared to non-inoculated ciders were evaluated. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR was used to monitor strain colonization ability, outnumbering the indigenous microbiota, after completion of the alcoholic fermentation at industrial scale (20,000 l). Aroma-active compounds of experimentally inoculated ciders were analysed by HPLC and GC–MS, and sensory profiles were determined by fractioning aroma extracts using reversed-phase HPLC. Principal component analysis allowed the identification of relationships and differences among ciders with or without inoculation, including several highly appreciated commercial ones obtained under spontaneous conditions. Under controlled inoculation conditions, not only could MLF be shortened by half but, interestingly, enhancement of aroma complexity and flavour resulted in ciders enriched with a higher fruity note. In addition, important aromatic groups analysed here had not been previously described, thus affording deeper knowledge on aroma characterization of apple cider.
Changes in diversity and importance of clonal plants during sand dune succession in northeastern China
Authors: Zhang Ji‐Yi , Wu Ying‐Xiang
Published: March 2014

Many major biomes throughout the world are dominated by plants with clonal growth forms. While many recent studies have examined the effects of clonality on the growth of individual plants, relatively few studies have tested the community level effects of clonality as a function of environmental characteristics. By investigating six sand dune sites that have undergone different numbers of years of natural restoration constituting a succession sere, we quantified if the abundance and importance of clonal plants was related to successional age in the stressful environment of a semi‐arid sand dune region in northeastern China. We expected that clonal plants would dominate at every stage of the succession sere. We also predicted that species diversity would decrease in later stages of the succession sere due to the extremely high proportion of clonal plants in the community. Our results showed that, through 45 years of succession, the total plant species richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity index continually increased. While the species number of clonal plants was consistently low during the succession, the importance of clonal plants increased gradually from none at 3 years to 49 % of the total, approximately equal to that of aclonal plants, at the 45‐year site. Clonal plants with phalanx strategies were more important than guerillas at all ages in sand dune succession. At the beginning and early stages of sand dune succession, aclonal plants were more important than clonal plants, perhaps due to greater seed propagation. The distribution or arrangement of aclonal and clonal plants in the whole process of sand dune complemented each other. The results presented give new perceptions on the function of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystems.
Triacylglycerol and Glycerophospholipid Identification and Accumulation During Ripening of Pistacia lentiscus L. (Lentisc) Fruit
Authors: Trabelsi Hajer , Renaud Justin , Mayer Paul , Boukhchina Sadok
Published: March 2014

Triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) compositions of vegetable oils are considered a marker of quality and are often used in industry to control the purity of the oils and to detect adulteration. In this study, the TAG and PL composition of developing fruit of Pistacia lentiscus were investigated for the first time. The total TAG content was found to increase rapidly during fruit ripening from 105 to 966 mg/100 g of oil respectively between the 35th and the 175th day after fructification (DAF). During this period, 16 different molecular species of TAG were identified and quantified. POO was the major TAG from the second stage of maturation. Only four classes of PL were identified in the P. lentiscus oil: the phosphatidic acid (PA), the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and the phosphatidylinositol (PI). The mass spectra obtained showed the presence of nine molecular species of PA, five species of PE and seven molecular species for each PG and PI classes. The total phospholipid content decreased rapidly during fruit ripening, from 45.5 % at the 15th DAF to 6.88 % at the 175th DAF.
Psychosis-proneness correlates with expression levels of dopaminergic genes
Authors: Grant P. , Gabriel F. , Kuepper Y. , Wielpuetz C. , Hennig J.
Published: March 2014

Psychosis-proneness or schizotypy is a personality organisation mirroring individual risk for schizophrenia-development. Believed to be a fully dimensional construct sharing considerable geno- and phenotypal variance with clinical schizophrenia, it has become an increasingly promising tool for basic psychosis-research. Although many studies show genetic commonalities between schizotypy and schizophrenia, changes in regulation of gene expression have never been examined in schizotypy before. We therefore extracted RNA from the blood, a valid surrogate for brain tissue, of a large sample of 67 healthy male volunteers and correlated the activities of all genes relevant for dopaminergic neurotransmission with the positive schizotypy-scale of the O-LIFE. We found significant negative correlations regarding the expression of the genes COMT, MAOB, DRD4, DRD5 and FOS, indicating that increased schizotypy coincides with higher levels of dopaminergic dysregulation on the mRNA-level. Considering the advantages of this method, we suggest that it be applied more often in fundamental psychosis-research.
Innexin and pannexin channels and their signaling
Authors: Dahl Gerhard , Muller Kenneth J.
Published: March 2014

Innexins are bifunctional membrane proteins in invertebrates, forming gap junctions as well as non‐junctional membrane channels (innexons). Their vertebrate analogues, the pannexins, have not only lost the ability to form gap junctions but are also prevented from it by glycosylation. Pannexins appear to form only non‐junctional membrane channels (pannexons). The membrane channels formed by pannexins and innexins are similar in their biophysical and pharmacological properties. Innexons and pannexons are permeable to ATP, are present in glial cells, and are involved in activation of microglia by calcium waves in glia. Directional movement and accumulation of microglia following nerve injury, which has been studied in the leech which has unusually large glial cells, involves at least 3 signals: ATP is the “go” signal, NO is the “where” signal and arachidonic acid is a “stop” signal.
Constraint envelope analyses of macroecological patterns reveal climatic effects on Pleistocene mammal extinctions
Authors: Lima-Ribeiro Matheus S. , Hortal Joaquín , Varela Sara , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre F.
Published: March 2014

Quantitative analysis of macroecological patterns for late Pleistocene assemblages can be useful for disentangling the causes of late Quaternary extinctions (LQE). However, previous analyses have usually assumed linear relationships between macroecological traits, such as body size and range size/range shift, that may have led to erroneous interpretations. Here, we analyzed mammalian datasets to show how macroecological patterns support climate change as an important driver of the LQE, which is contrary to previous analyses that did not account for more complex relationships among traits. We employed quantile regression methods that allow a detailed and fine-tuned quantitative analysis of complex macroecological patterns revealed as polygonal relationships (i.e., constraint envelopes). We showed that these triangular-shaped envelopes that describe the macroecological relationship between body size and geographical range shift reflect nonrandom extinction processes under which the large-bodied species are more prone to extinction during events of severe habitat loss, such as glacial/interglacial transitions. Hence, we provide both a theoretical background and methodological framework to better understand how climate change induces body size-biased species sorting and shapes complex macroecological patterns.
Ghosts, Machines, and Asian Law: Some Comments
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M.
Published: March 2014

This paper asks how globalization relates to legal culture. It argues that there exists, at least in the developed world, a general global culture; it follows, then, that there must be a global legal culture as well. Not everyone in modern societies is completely drawn into the global legal culture, however, as the research of the David and Jaruwan Engel in Thailand suggests. In general, however, the legal cultures of modern, developed societies are strongly convergent. In particular, there is emerging a global and convergent culture of human rights. Some Asian scholars and political figures have argued that conceptions of fundamental human rights are culturally Western, and may not suit the cultures of the East. The paper argues, however, that the human rights culture is not “Western” so much as modern; it arose in the West, but it is no more unsuitable to Asian societies than the automobile and the computer, which also arose first in the West.
Legal Inquiry: A Liberal Arts Experiment in Demystifying Law
Authors: Sandomierski David
Published: March 2014

For the past four years, two instructors and approximately one hundred students have participated in a novel experiment in liberal arts legal education. Legal Inquiry, an upper-year course in the Arts & Science Program at McMaster University, seeks to “demystify legal knowledge for the curious student of the world.” It brings together two kindred yet previously isolated academic traditions: an open-ended inquiry approach to knowledge and a critical pluralist understanding of law.

To explore the compatibility of “law” and “inquiry,” the instructors wanted students to gain confidence and skills in engaging with formal legal sources, apply critical thinking to law, and appreciate informal and everyday law. These objectives were met with surprising success given the brevity of the course. Students achieved a basic understanding of formal law and legal reasoning, generated a vocabulary of what it means to think critically about law, and began to identify the continuity of formal and informal law.
Plasmin digest of κ-casein as a source of antibacterial peptides
Authors: Sedaghati Marjaneh , Ezzatpanah Hamid , Boojar Masoud Mashhadi Akbar , Ebrahimi Maryam Tajabadi , Aminafshar Mehdi
Published: March 2014

This study investigated the antibacterial properties of plasmin, the plasmin hydrolysis of bovine κ-casein and the fractions (named κC1, κC2, κC3, κC4, and κC5) liberated from it using RP-HPLC. The target bacteria wereEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus(pathogenic),Lactobacillus caseiandLactobacillus acidophilus(probiotic). Three peptides (kC1, kC3, and kC4) were found to have antibacterial activity, with κC3 peptide being the most active. The plasmin digest of bovine κ-casein proved to be stronger than any of its fractions in terms of antibacterial potential. Measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that Gram-positive bacteria are generally more sensitive to antibacterial activity than Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of nisin, as a bacteriocin peptide, was also measured. The three antibacterial peptides were identified using LC-Mass. The molecular mass of kC1, kC3, and kC4 corresponded to the f(17–21), f(22–24), and f(1–3) of bovine κ-casein, respectively. It was also found that the positive charge and hydrophobicity of a peptide are not key factors in antibacterial activity. On the whole, the present study demonstrated that the plasmin digest of κ-casein has a high antibacterial potential and can be considered as a natural antibacterial agent in the food chain.
Haemogregarines from western Palaearctic freshwater turtles (generaEmys, Mauremys) are conspecific withHaemogregarina stepanowiDanilewsky, 1885
Authors: DVOŘÁKOVÁ NELA , KVIČEROVÁ JANA , PAPOUŠEK IVO , JAVANBAKHT HOSSEIN , TIAR GHOULEM , KAMI HAJIGHOLI , ŠIROKÝ PAVEL
Published: March 2014

The majority ofHaemogregarinaspecies have been based on the morphology of their erythrocytic stages and supposed strict host specificity. The quantity of species with a limited number of overlapping diagnostic traits has led to a considerable mess in haemogregarine taxonomy and significant synonymy. We analysed host specificity, intra- and interspecific variability, evolutionary relationships, and the distribution of the type species of the genusHaemogregarina–H. stepanowi.The morphology of blood stages and 18S rDNA sequences of this haemogregarine from four western Palaearctic hard-shelled freshwater turtles (Emys orbicularis, Mauremys caspica, Mauremys leprosaandMauremys rivulata) were compared withHaemogregarina balli. Additional sequences of 18S rDNA ofHaemogregarina-like isolates collected from three species of African hinged terrapins (genusPelusios) were used to enlarge the dataset for phylogenetic analyses. Thirteen sequences (1085 bp) ofHaemogregarinarepresenting all four western Palaearctic turtle species were identical, corresponding toH. stepanowi, which is closely related to the Nearctic speciesH. balli. In our analyses,Haemogregarinaspp. constituted a monophyletic clade sister to the genusHepatozoon. Haemogregarina stepanowipossesses a wide distribution range from the Maghreb, through Europe, Turkey and the Middle East to Iran. We consider that the genusHaemogregarinahas a low host specificity crossing the family level of its vertebrate hosts and that its distribution is likely to be linked to the vector and definitive host – the leech.
Older women, embodiment and yoga practice
Authors: HUMBERSTONE BARBARA , CUTLER-RIDDICK CAROL
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we consider the ageing body and the ‘body techniques’ practised by older women within their yoga classes. The paper emphasises the importance of exploring alternative definitions of the human condition, how these are shaped and assembled through particular embodied practices which are realised personally and socially. Taking a contextualised phenomenological approach, older women's experiences are made visible through interview and participant observation. Unlike much sporting practice, the body techniques managed by the women did not emphasise sporting prowess but provided for an integration of body and mind. In the process, biological ageing was accepted yet the women maintained control over the process, troubling prevailing narratives of ageing, declining control and increasing weakness that are taken for granted in much of Western society. The paper highlights the significance of socially rooted ontological embodiment in understanding the ageing body and particular bodily practices.
Lymphogranuloma venereum in Barcelona, 2007–2012: the role of seroadaptation in men who have sex with men
Authors: REYES-URUEÑA J. M. , GARCIA DE OLALLA P. , VALL-MAYANS M. , ARANDO M. , CABALLERO E. , CAYLA J. A. ,   the Barcelona STI Group
Published: March 2014

This study describes the incidence rate of reported lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Barcelona from 2007 to 2012. Epidemiological, clinical and sexual behaviour characteristics of LGV cases are described. Seroadaptive behaviours as a transmission risk factor were assessed by a telephone questionnaire during 2012. Data were handled on a strictly confidential basis. LGV annual rate ratios in MSM were compared with cases from 2007. Differences were statistically analysed with a Poisson test. The incidence rate of LGV in MSM aged 15–69 years ranged from 32·1/105MSM per year in 2007 to 182·7/105MSM per year in 2012. In 2012, 31/51 LGV cases (61%) answered the telephone questionnaire, of which 84% (26/31) were HIV positive, 39% (12/31) reported having sex according to their partners’ serostatus and 7% (2/31) used strategic positioning. The incidence of LGV has increased since 2007 and mainly affects HIV-positive MSM. It is probable that seroadaptation has facilitated LGV transmission.
Second-Language Fluency Predicts Native Language Stroop Effects: Evidence from Spanish–English Bilinguals
Authors: Suarez Paola A. , Gollan Tamar H. , Heaton Robert , Grant Igor , Cherner Mariana ,   the HNRC Group
Published: March 2014

Studies have shown reduced Stroop interference in bilinguals compared to monolinguals defined dichotomously, but no study has explored how varying degrees of second language fluency, might affect linguistic inhibitory control in the first language. We examined effects of relative English fluency on the ability to inhibit the automatic reading response on the Golden version of the Stroop Test administered in Spanish. Participants were 141 (49% male) adult native Spanish speakers from the U.S.–Mexico border region (education range = 8–20 and age range = 20–63). A language dominance index was calculated as the ratio of English words to total words produced in both languages using the Controlled Oral Word Association Test with letters PMR in Spanish and FAS in English. Greater degree of English fluency as measured by the dominance index predicted better speed on the Stroop incongruent trial independent of education effects. On the other hand, neither the dominance index nor education predicted performance on the word reading and color-naming trials. These results suggest an advantage in inhibitory control among those with greater second-language ability. (JINS, 2014, 20, 342–348)
Intra-individual Variability in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Bernstein Lori J. , Catton Pamela A. , Tannock Ian F.
Published: March 2014

Studies assessing cognitive functioning in women treated for breast cancer have used primarily standardized neuropsychological tests and examined accuracy and/or reaction time as outcome measures: they have been inconsistent in identifying the cognitive domains affected and the severity of deficits. In other contexts of neural development and disorders, measures of Intra-individual variability (IIV) have proven useful in identifying subtleties in performance deficits that are not captured by measures of central tendency. This article presents proof of concept that assessing IIV may also increase understanding of the cognitive effects of cancer treatment. We analyzed mean accuracy and reaction time, as well as IIV from 65 women with breast cancer and 28 age and education matched controls who performed the Conner's Continuous Performance Test, a “Go-NoGo” task. Although there were no significant differences between groups using measures of central tendency, there was a group × inter-stimulus interval (ISI) interaction for IIV Dispersion (p< .001). Patient Dispersion was more variable at shorter ISI than controls and less variable at long ISI, suggesting greater sensitivity to presentation speed. Interpretation of IIV differences requires further investigation. Our results suggest that future studies would benefit from designs that allow analysis of IIV measures in studies assessing cognition in cancer survivors. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–11)
Alternative Visions of Legal Biography: an Abstract
Authors: Sugarman David
Published: March 2014

David Sugarman reflects briefly on developments regarding legal biography and considers the future role and value of biography within the legal community and especially in the context of socio-legal research.
‘The Oriental Jennings’: An Archival Investigation into Sir Ivor Jennings' Constitutional Legacy in South Asia
Authors: Malagodi Mara
Published: March 2014

This article by Mara Malagodi investigates the legacy of British constitutionalist Sir Ivor Jennings (1903–1965) in South Asia. In 1941, when Jennings moved to Sri Lanka, a new phase of prolific writing on the laws of the British Empire and Commonwealth began for him, together with a practical engagement with constitution-making experiences in decolonising nations across Asia and Africa. The archival material relating to Jennings' work on postcolonial constitutional issues forms part of the collection of Jennings' Private Papers held at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in London. This article seeks to explain why this material has until now remained so under-researched.
Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants
Authors: Khandelwal P. , Jain V. , Gupta A. K. , Kalaivani M. , Paul V. K.
Published: March 2014

Growth acceleration or catch-up growth (CUG) in early infancy is a plausible risk factor for later obesity and cardiovascular disease. We postulate that this risk may be mediated by an adverse programming of body composition by CUG in early infancy. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between the pattern of gain in weight and length of term low birth weight (LBW) infants from birth to 6 months, with fat mass percent (FM%) at 6 months. Term healthy singleton LBW infants were enrolled. Baby’s weight and length z-scores were measured at birth and three follow-up visits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at last visit. A total of 54 babies (28 boys) were enrolled. The mean birth weight and gestation were 2175±180 g and 37.6±0.6 weeks. Follow-up visits were at 1.4±0.0, 3.0±0.3 and 7.2±0.8 months. The proportion of babies who showed CUG [increase in weight for age z-score (∆WAZ)>0.67] from birth to 1.4, 3.0 and 7.2 months was 29.6, 26.4 and 48.5%, respectively. The mean FM% at 7.2 months was 16.6±7.8%. Infants with greater ∆WAZ from birth to 3 and 7.2 months had significantly greater FM% at 7.2 months after adjusting for current age, size and gender. Infants with early CUG (<1.4 months) had higher FM% than infants with no CUG. We conclude that earlier and greater increment in WAZ is positively associated with FM%.
Zwangsstörungen
Authors: Wewetzer Christoph , Petermann Franz
Published: March 2014

Zwangsstörungen weisen eine multifaktorielle Genese auf, die vor allem neurobiologische, kognitive und familiäre Faktoren umfasst. Die Störung besitzt eine deutliche Tendenz zur Chronifizierung. Wirksame, besonders verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlungsansätze sind bekannt, werden jedoch in der Praxis nur selten eingesetzt. Die Kombination von Verhaltens- und Pharmakotherapie gilt als besonders wirksam. Mit neuen psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen (z. B. Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie) liegen im Kindes- und Jugendalter erst unzureichende Erfahrungen vor.
Erratum: Dynamic Changes in Proteins during Apple (Malus x domestica) Fruit Ripening and Storage
Authors: Shi Yun , Jiang Li , Zhang Li , Kang Ruoyi , Yu Zhifang
Published: March 2014

Correction to: Horticulture Research (2014) 1, 6; article number 6; doi: 10.1038/hortres.2014.6; published online 22 January 2014 Since the publication of this article, the authors have noticed an error in the reference 20, the name of the journal, the year and the pages of the reference should be “J Proteomics 2013; 78: 39–57.
Mussels realize Weierstrassian Lévy walks as composite correlated random walks
Authors: Reynolds Andy M.
Published: March 2014

Composite correlated random walks (CCRW) have been posited as a potential replacement for Lévy walks and it has also been suggested that CCRWs have been mistaken for Lévy walks. Here I test an alternative, emerging hypothesis: namely that some organisms approximate Lévy walks as an innate CCRW. It is shown that the tri-modal CCRW found to describe accurately the movement patterns of mussels (Mytilus edulis) during spatial pattern formation in mussel beds can be regarded as being the first three levels in a hierarchy of nested movement patterns which if extended indefinitely would correspond to a Lévy walk whose characteristic (power-law) exponent is tuned to nearly minimize the time required to form patterned beds. The mussels realise this Lévy walk to good approximation across a biologically meaningful range of scales. This demonstrates that the CCRW not only describes mussel movement patterns, it explains them.
Intervention assessments in the control of PM10emissions from an urban waste transfer station
Authors: Barratt B. M. , Fuller G. W.
Published: March 2014

A case study presenting novel analysis techniques for evaluating particulate air pollution mitigation measures at an industrial site in London.
A droplet-based pH regulator in microfluidics
Authors: Zhou Hongbo , Li Gang , Yao Shuhuai
Published: March 2014

A stable microenvironment with pH ranging from 3 to 11 is achieved by on-demand control of droplet formation and electrolysis.
Ligand tuning of single-site manganese-based catalytic antioxidants with dual superoxide dismutase and catalase activity
Authors: Grau Michaela , Rigodanza Francesco , White Andrew J. P. , Sorarù Antonio , Carraro Mauro , Bonchio Marcella , Britovsek George J. P.
Published: March 2014

A bio-inspired Mn(ii) complex with a linear pentadentate ligand and an alternating NSNSN coordination displays excellent dual SOD/CAT-like antioxidant activity and good stability in aqueous environment.
Bioorthogonal site-specific labeling of the 5′-cap structure in eukaryotic mRNAs
Authors: Holstein Josephin Marie , Schulz Daniela , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: March 2014

A chemo-enzymatic approach for site-specific labeling of 5′-capped RNAs based on strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) was developed.
Fabrication of novel g-C3N4/nanocage ZnS composites with enhanced photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation
Authors: Wang Jing , Guo Peng , Guo Qiangsheng , Jönsson Pär G. , Zhao Zhe
Published: March 2014

In the present work, the g-C3N4/nanocage ZnS composite photocatalyst was fabricated and the photocatalytic activity was enhanced under visible-light irradiation.
Effect of anion on Ag(i)meso-helical chains formed with 4,4′-dipyridyl ketone: solventversusanion bridging and anion effects on the strength of ligand binding
Authors: Patil Komal M. , Cameron Scott A. , Moratti Stephen C. , Hanton Lyall R.
Published: March 2014

Related coordination polymers with varying Ag : L ratios produced a series (1 : 1) that was not sensitive to anion and another (1 : 2) that displayed sensitivity to the anion showing a transition from 1D chains to 2D nets.
Layered photocatalyst Bi2O2[BO2(OH)] nanosheets with internal polar field enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhang Rui , Dai Ying , Lou Zaizhu , Li Zhujie , Wang Zeyan , Yang Yanmei , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Huang Baibiao
Published: March 2014

Layered photocatalyst Bi2O2[BO2(OH)] nanosheets efficiently separated photogenerated carriers due to the internal polar electric field, which enhances the photocatalytic activity.
Orientational changes of supported chiral 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′binaphthyl molecules
Authors: Heister Philipp , Lünskens Tobias , Thämer Martin , Kartouzian Aras , Gerlach Sabine , Verbiest Thierry , Heiz Ueli
Published: March 2014

Well characterized supported molecular films of chiral 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′binaphthyl molecules show a coverage-dependent chiroptical response, measured by SHG-ORD spectroscopy.
On the possible biological relevance of HSNO isomers: a computational investigation
Authors: Ivanova Lena V. , Anton Becka J. , Timerghazin Qadir K.
Published: March 2014

We computationally demonstrate that thionitrous acid (HSNO), putatively an important biological signalling molecule, may convert—under physiological conditions—to other isomeric forms that may potentially have their own biological activity.
In vitro digestion of citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides (CITREM) and CITREM-containing infant formula/emulsions
Authors: Amara Sawsan , Patin Amaury , Giuffrida Francesca , Wooster Tim J. , Thakkar Sagar K. , Bénarouche Anaïs , Poncin Isabelle , Robert Sylvie , Point Vanessa , Molinari Sacha , Gaussier Hélène , Diomande Sadia , Destaillats Frédéric , Cruz-Hernandez Cristina , Carrière Frédéric
Published: March 2014

The GI lipolysis of CITREM is investigated for the first time using various digestive lipases and a two-stepin vitrodigestion model.
Straightforward 3D hydrodynamic focusing in femtosecond laser fabricated microfluidic channels
Authors: Paiè Petra , Bragheri Francesca , Vazquez Rebeca Martinez , Osellame Roberto
Published: March 2014

A femtosecond laser fabricated microfluidic module for 3D hydrodynamic focusing allows confinement of fluids to a tight area in the channel center.
One-step chemoselective conversion of tetrahydropyranyl ethers to silyl-protected alcohols
Authors: Bergueiro Julián , Montenegro Javier , Saá Carlos , López Susana
Published: March 2014

A novel chemoselective one-pot transformation of acetals to silyl ethers is reported. Free hydroxyls, double bonds and triple bonds are unaffected in optimal reaction conditions. This practical, inexpensive protocol allows the selective replacement of acetal-forming protecting groups with silyl groups in a single step under mild conditions.
Palladium nanoparticles supported on agarose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 as a recyclable catalyst for C–C bond formation via Suzuki–Miyaura, Heck–Mizoroki and Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reactions
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Gholinejad Mohammad , Akbari Samira , Jeddi Neda
Published: March 2014

Palladium nanoparticles supported on agarose functionalized Fe3O4 catalyzed C–C bond formation reactions.
Catalyst-free synthesis of cycloalkenyl phosphonates
Authors: Xu Xunfu , Chen Hu , Wang Yulei , Gao Yuxing , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: March 2014

The reactions described provide a facile and efficient access to cycloalkenyl phosphonates with good to excellent yields via Diels–Alder cycloadditions between alkynyl phosphonates and 1,3-dienes under catalyst-free conditions.
Perspectives of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway in thyroid cancer
Authors: Andrade Bruno Moulin , de Carvalho Denise Pires
Published: March 2014

Approximately 90% of non-medullary thyroid malignancies originate from the follicular cell and are classified as papillary or follicular (well-differentiated) thyroid carcinomas, showing an overall favourable prognosis. However, recurrence or persistence of the disease occurs in some cases associated with the presence of loco-regional or distant metastatic lesions that generally become resistant to radioiodine therapy, while glucose uptake and metabolism are increased. Recent advances in the field of tumor progression have shown that CTC (circulating tumour cells) are metabolic and genetically heterogeneous. There is now special interest in unravelling the mechanisms that allow the reminiscence of dormant tumour lesions that might be related to late disease progression and increased risk of recurrence. AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is activated by the depletion in cellular energy levels and allows adaptive changes in cell metabolism that are fundamental for cell survival in a stressful environment; nevertheless, the activation of this kinase also decreases cell proliferation rate and induces tumour cell apoptosis. In the thyroid field, AMPK emerged as a novel important intracellular pathway, since it regulates both iodide and glucose uptakes in normal thyroid cells. Furthermore, it has recently been demonstrated that the AMPK pathway is highly activated in papillary thyroid carcinomas, although the clinical significance of these findings remains elusive. Herein we review the current knowledge about the role of AMPK activation in thyroid physiology and pathophysiology, with special focus on thyroid cancer.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Inference Generation Strategy Intervention for Adults With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Murza Kimberly A. , Nye Chad , Schwartz Jamie B. , Ehren Barbara J. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L.
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The present intervention study investigated the efficacy of the ACT & Check Strategy intervention to improve inference generation when reading, metacognitive ability, general reading comprehension, and social inference ability in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD).

Method

Twenty-five adults with HF-ASD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Treatment sessions were conducted in 1-hr sessions, twice a week, for a total of 6 weeks. Treatment focused on explicit instruction of components of inference generation, categories of inferences, and increasingly independent strategy use.

Results

The treatment group demonstrated significantly superior performance on 1 of 2 measures of inference generation in reading and 1 measure of metacognitive ability compared with the control group. Significant differences between groups were not found on measures of reading comprehension or social inference ability.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the ACT & Check Strategy was effective in improving participants' ability to generate inferences in reading and certain metacognitive abilities, but the skills do not appear to generalize to other social communication contexts, such as social inference generation. This research provides a measure of support for explicitly teaching inference generation to address a reading inference deficit in adults with HF-ASD.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170222
Modified Thomson spectrometer design for high energy, multi-species ion sources
Authors: Gwynne D. , Kar S. , Doria D. , Ahmed H. , Cerchez M. , Fernandez J. , Gray R. J. , Green J. S. , Hanton F. , MacLellan D. A. , McKenna P. , Najmudin Z. , Neely D. , Ruiz J. A. , Schiavi A. , Streeter M. , Swantusch M. , Willi O. , Zepf M. , Borghesi M.
Published: March 2014

A modification to the standard Thomson parabola spectrometer is discussed, which is designed to measure high energy (tens of MeV/nucleon), broad bandwidth spectra of multi-species ions accelerated by intense laser plasma interactions. It is proposed to implement a pair of extended, trapezoidal shaped electric plates, which will not only resolve ion traces at high energies, but will also retain the lower energy part of the spectrum. While a longer (along the axis of the undeflected ion beam direction) electric plate design provides effective charge state separation at the high energy end of the spectrum, the proposed new trapezoidal shape will enable the low energy ions to reach the detector, which would have been clipped or blocked by simply extending the rectangular plates to enhance the electrostatic deflection.
Manipulating hybrid structures of polymer/a-Si for thin film solar cells
Authors: Peng Ying , He Zhiqun , Diyaf Adel , Ivaturi Aruna , Zhang Zhi , Liang Chunjun , Wilson John I. B.
Published: March 2014

A series of uniform polymer/amorphous silicon hybrid structures have been fabricated by means of solution-casting for polymer and radio frequency excited plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition for amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) functioned as a photoactive donor, while the silicon layer acted as an acceptor. It is found that matching the hole mobility of the polymer to the electron mobility of amorphous silicon is critical to improve the photovoltaic performance from hybrid cells. A three-layer p-i-n structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS(200 nm)/i-Si(450 nm)/n-Si(200 nm)/Al with a power conversion efficiency of 4.78% under a standard test condition was achieved.
Porous carbon nanotubes: Molecular absorption, transport, and separation
Authors: Yzeiri Irena , Patra Niladri , Král Petr
Published: March 2014

We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to study nanofluidic properties of porous carbon nanotubes. We show that saturated water vapor condenses on the porous nanotubes, can be absorbed by them and transported in their interior. When these nanotubes are charged and placed in ionic solutions, they can selectively absorb ions in their interior and transport them. Porous carbon nanotubes can also be used as selective molecular sieves, as illustrated on a room temperature separation of benzene and ethanol.
Magnetic properties and thermal stability of MnBi/SmFeN hybrid bonded magnets
Authors: Zhang D. T. , Geng W. T. , Yue M. , Liu W. Q. , Lu Q. M. , Zhang J. X. , Guo Z. H. , Li W. , Sundararajan J. A. , Qiang Y.
Published: March 2014

Anisotropic MnBi/SmFeN (MnBi = 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 wt. %) hybrid bonded magnets were prepared using MnBi powders and commercial SmFeN powders. With the increase in MnBi content from 0 to 100 wt. %, the density of the hybrid magnets improves linearly from 4.27 g/cm3 to 6.3 g/cm3, while the coercivity of the hybrid magnets does not change much at 293 K. For the pure MnBi magnet, the coercivity is increased from 10.76 kOe at 293 K to 16.5 kOe at 373 K. For the hybrid magnet with 40 wt. % MnBi, the coercivity is increased by 19% compared to pure SmFeN magnet at 373 K. In the temperature range of 293 K–373 K, the coercivity temperature coefficient of the hybrid magnets changes gradually from −0.42%/K for the pure SmFeN magnet to −0.11%/K for the magnet with 80 wt. % MnBi, and becomes 0.67%/K for the pure MnBi magnet.
Influence of substituting Sn for Sb on the thermoelectric transport properties of CoSb3-based skutterudites
Authors: Hui Si , Nielsen Michele D. , Homer Mark R. , Medlin Douglas L. , Tobola Janusz , Salvador James R. , Heremans Joseph P. , Pipe Kevin P. , Uher Ctirad
Published: March 2014

Band structure calculations that incorporate impurity effects suggest that a band resonant state may be formed in p-type CoSb3-based skutterudites by replacing Sb atoms with Sn dopant atoms. Such resonant states have the potential to greatly improve thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency by increasing the density of states variation near the Fermi level, thereby increasing the Seebeck coefficient at a given carrier concentration. Through transport measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient, we show that a practical band resonant state is not achieved by Sn doping. Compared to undoped CoSb3, the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) in Sn-doped CoSb3 is enhanced slightly at high temperatures to a value of 0.2, mostly due to a reduction in thermal conductivity. The Fermi level is calculated not to reach the band resonant state induced by Sn impurity atoms within the range of Sn concentrations examined here.