bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 4-Nitrostyrene to 4-Aminostyrene by Highly Efficient TiO2 Supported Ni3Sn2 Alloy Catalyst
Authors: Yamanaka Nobutaka , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo
Published: January 2019

Ni3Sn2 alloy catalysts supported on various metal oxides (TiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, SnO2, and CeO2) were successfully prepared by simple hydrothermal method and then applied to the hydrogenation of 4-nitrostyrene under H2 3.0 MPa at 423 K. All the supported catalysts hydrogenated the nitro group more preferentially than the olefin group from the initial reaction stages, showing 100% chemoselectivities towards the desired 4-aminostyrene. This may be attributed to σ-interaction between the oxygen lone pairs in the nitro group and Sn atoms in Ni3Sn2 alloy. By prolonging the reaction times, the 4-aminostyrene yields increased and finally reached the maximum yields. Among the catalysts, Ni3Sn2/TiO2 alloy catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity with remarkably high chemoselectivity towards 4-aminostyrene. The conversion and chemoselectivity were 100% and 79%, respectively, at a reaction time of only 2.5 h. From the physical and chemical characterization of the supported catalysts, it was clear that the catalytic activity was correlated with H2 uptake. The application of the best catalyst for the hydrogenation of a wide variety of substituted nitroarenes resulted in the chemoselective formation of the corresponding aminoarenes.
Evolving Measurement for an Evolving Economy: Thoughts on 21st Century US Economic Statistics
Authors: Jarmin Ron S.
Published: January 2019

The system of federal economic statistics developed in the 20th century has served the country well, but the current methods for collecting and disseminating these data products are unsustainable. These statistics are heavily reliant on sample surveys. Recently, however, response rates for both household and business surveys have declined, increasing costs and threatening quality. Existing statistical measures, many developed decades ago, may also miss important aspects of our rapidly evolving economy; moreover, they may not be sufficiently accurate, timely, or granular to meet the increasingly complex needs of data users. Meanwhile, the rapid proliferation of online data and more powerful computation make privacy and confidentiality protections more challenging. There is broad agreement on the need to transform government statistical agencies from the 20th century survey-centric model to a 21st century model that blends structured survey data with administrative and unstructured alternative digital data sources. In this essay, I describe some work underway that hints at what 21st century official economic measurement will look like and offer some preliminary comments on what is needed to get there.
Parag Pathak: Winner of the 2018 Clark Medal
Authors: Pakes Ariel , Sobel Joel
Published: January 2019

The American Economic Association awarded Parag Pathak the 2018 John Bates Clark Medal for his research on the impacts of educational policies. Both the theory and the empirical research take the constraints facing administrators seriously. As a result, Parag’s research led directly to educational reforms in many large US cities and abroad. The leading example is Parag (and co-authors’) research on school assignment mechanisms that led many school districts to institute fairer and more efficient procedures for allocating students to schools. The institutional detail Parag learned in working on the assignment problem led to innovative empirical work on the impacts of different types of schools, most notably of charters, which was suggestive of the characteristics of both successful schools and of the types of students who gained from being enrolled in them. Using the data generated by the new assignment rules, his recent work provides complete frameworks for the quantitative analysis of the benefits of different assignment mechanisms and has measured those benefits in New York high schools.
Financial Regulation: Still Unsettled a Decade After the Crisis
Authors: Tarullo Daniel K.
Published: January 2019

A decade after the darkest moments of the financial crisis, both the US financial system and the legal framework for its regulation are still in flux. The post-crisis regulatory framework has made systemically important banks much more resilient. They are substantially better capitalized and less dependent on runnable short-term funding. But the current regulatory framework does not deal effectively with threats to financial stability outside the perimeter of regulated banking organizations, notably from forms of shadow banking. Moreover, with the political tide having for the moment turned decisively toward deregulation, there is some question whether the resiliency improvements of the largest banks will be preserved. This article assesses the accomplishments, unfinished business, and outstanding issues in the post-crisis approach to prudential regulation.
Bcd1p controls RNA loading of the core protein Nop58 during C/D box snoRNP biogenesis
Authors: Paul Arnaud , Tiotiu Decebal , Bragantini Benoît , Marty Hélène , Charpentier Bruno , Massenet Séverine , Labialle Stéphane
Published: January 2019

Biogenesis of eukaryotic box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (C/D snoRNPs) is guided by conservedtrans-acting factors that act collectively to assemble the core proteins SNU13/Snu13, NOP58/Nop58, NOP56/Nop56, FBL/Nop1, and box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (C/D snoRNAs), in human and in yeast, respectively. This finely elaborated process involves the sequential interplay of snoRNP-related proteins and RNA through the formation of transient pre-RNP complexes. BCD1/Bcd1 protein is essential for yeast cell growth and for the specific accumulation of box C/D snoRNAs. In this work, chromatin, RNA, and protein immunoprecipitation assays revealed the ordered loading of several snoRNP-related proteins on immature and mature snoRNA species. Our results identify Bcd1p as an assembly factor of C/D snoRNP biogenesis that is likely recruited cotranscriptionally and that directs the loading of the core protein Nop58 on RNA.
Epidemic curves made easy using the R package incidence
Authors: Kamvar Zhian N. , Cai Jun , Pulliam Juliet R.C. , Schumacher Jakob , Jombart Thibaut
Published: January 2019

The epidemiological curve (epicurve) is one of the simplest yet most useful tools used by field epidemiologists, modellers, and decision makers for assessing the dynamics of infectious disease epidemics. Here, we present the free, open-source package incidence for the R programming language, which allows users to easily compute, handle, and visualise epicurves from unaggregated linelist data. This package was built in accordance with the development guidelines of the R Epidemics Consortium (RECON), which aim to ensure robustness and reliability through extensive automated testing, documentation, and good coding practices. As such, it fills an important gap in the toolbox for outbreak analytics using the R software, and provides a solid building block for further developments in infectious disease modelling. incidence is available from https://www.repidemicsconsortium.org/incidence.
The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in adults and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to inform a multivariable prediction model
Authors: Boyles Tom , Stadelman Anna , Ellis Jayne P. , Cresswell Fiona V. , Lutje Vittoria , Wasserman Sean , Tiffin Nicki , Wilkinson Robert
Published: January 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis. Delayed diagnosis and treatment, which is a risk factor for poor outcome, is caused in part by lack of availability of diagnostic tests that are both rapid and accurate. Several attempts have been made to develop clinical scoring systems to fill this gap, but none have performed sufficiently well to be broadly implemented. We aim to identify and validate a set of clinical predictors that accurately classify TBM using individual patient data (IPD) from published studies.

Methods: We will perform a systematic review and obtain IPD from studies published from the year 1990 which undertook diagnostic testing for TBM in adolescents or adults using at least one of, microscopy for acid-fast bacilli, commercial nucleic acid amplification test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterial culture of cerebrospinal fluid.  Clinical data that have previously been shown to be associated with TBM, and can inform the final diagnosis, will be requested. The data-set will be divided into training and test/validation data-sets for model building. A predictive logistic model will be built using a training set with patients with definite TBM and no TBM. Should it be warranted, factor analysis may be employed, depending on evidence for multicollinearity or the case for including latent variables in the model.

Discussion: We will systematically identify and extract key clinical parameters associated with TBM from published studies and use a ‘big data’ approach to develop and validate a clinical prediction model with enhanced generalisability. The final model will be made available through a smartphone application. Further work will be external validation of the model and test of efficacy in a randomised controlled trial.
Adaptation, learning, Bildung: Discussion with edu- and biosemiotics
Authors: Pikkarainen Eetu
Published: January 2019

Learning and adaptation are central problems to both edusemiotics, or semiotics of education, and biosemiotics. Bildung, as an especially human way or form of learning, and evolution as the main form of adaptation for many biologists after Darwin are often regarded as mutually exclusive concepts even though human beings are undeniably one biological species among others. In this article I will try to build a bridge between the biosemiotical, edusemiotical and Bildung-theoretical stances. Central to this discussion is biosemiotician Kalevi Kull and some of his recent publications where he considers adaptation, evolution and learning. The primary theoretical resource that I utilize here, in addition to the general Greimassian, edusemiotical and Bildung-theoretical starting points, is perceptual control theory (PCT) to which I compare the Uexküllian conception of functional circle.
A Peirce for the 21st century
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik
Published: January 2019

Review of Peirce’s Speculative Grammar: Logic as Semiotics by Francesco Bellucci. New York, London: Routledge, 2017, 388 pages.
Judging Actions on the Basis of Prima Facie Duties. The case of self-driving cars
Authors: Kulicki Piotr , Trypuz Robert
Published: January 2019

The need for a logic that allows us to reason about conflicting and non-conflicting norms has recently emerged in the domain of self-driving cars. In this paper we propose a formal model that supports moral decisions making by autonomous agents such as for example autonomous vehicles. Such a model – which we call a “Deontic Machine” – helps resolve both typical and atypical moral and legal situations that agents may encounter. The Deontic Machine has two sources of inspiration. The first one is W.D. Ross’s theory of prima facie norms and the other one is a deontic multi-valued logic. The main contribution of this paper is bringing together conceptual and technical tools of deontic logic to show how they can be used to control or assess the behaviour of a self-driving car.
A Structural Analysis of the Role of Superstars in Crowdsourcing Contests
Authors: Zhang Shunyuan , Singh Param Vir , Ghose Anindya
Published: January 2019

We investigate the long-term impact of competing against superstars in crowdsourcing contests. Using a unique 50-month longitudinal panel data set on 1677 software design crowdsourcing contests, we illustrate a learning effect where participants are able to improve their skills (learn) more when competing against a superstar than otherwise. We show that an individual’s probability of winning in subsequent contests increases significantly more after she has participated in a contest with a superstar coder than otherwise. We build a dynamic structural model with individual heterogeneity where individuals choose contests to participate in and where learning in a contest happens through an information theory-based Bayesian learning framework. We find that individuals with lower ability to learn tend to value monetary reward highly, and vice versa. The results indicate that individuals who greatly prefer monetary reward tend to win fewer contests, as they rarely achieve the high skills needed to win a contest. Counterfactual analysis suggests that instead of avoiding superstars, individuals should be encouraged to participate in contests with superstars early on, as it can significantly push them up the learning curve, leading to higher quality and a higher number of submissions per contest. Overall, our study shows that individuals who are willing to forego short-term monetary rewards by participating in contests with superstars have much to gain in the long term.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0767 .
Can Yardstick Competition Reduce Waiting Times?
Authors: Savva Nicos , Tezcan Tolga , Yıldız Özlem
Published: January 2019

Yardstick competition is a regulatory scheme for local monopolists (e.g., hospitals), where the monopolist’s reimbursement is linked to performance relative to other equivalent monopolists. This regulatory scheme is known to provide cost-reduction incentives and serves as the theoretical underpinning behind the hospital prospective reimbursement system used throughout the developed world. This paper uses a game-theoretic queueing model to investigate how yardstick competition performs in service systems (e.g., hospital emergency departments), where in addition to incentivizing cost reduction the regulator wants to incentivize waiting time reduction. We first show that the form of cost-based yardstick competition used in practice results in inefficiently long waiting times. We then demonstrate how yardstick competition can be appropriately modified to achieve the dual goal of cost and waiting-time reduction. In particular, we show that full efficiency (first-best) can be restored if the regulator makes the providers’ reimbursement contingent on their service rates and is also able to charge a provider-specific “toll” to consumers. More important, if such a toll is not feasible, as may be the case in healthcare, we show that there exists an alternative and particularly simple yardstick-competition scheme, which depends on the average waiting time only, that can significantly improve system efficiency (second-best). This scheme is easier to implement because it does not require the regulator to have detailed knowledge of the queueing discipline. We conclude with a numerical investigation that provides insights on the practical implementation of yardstick competition for hospital emergency departments, and we also present a series of modelling extensions.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3089 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
On the Control of Fork-Join Networks
Authors: Özkan Erhun , Ward Amy R.
Published: January 2019

Networks in which the processing of jobs occurs both sequentially and in parallel are prevalent in many application domains, such as computer systems, healthcare, manufacturing, and project management. The parallel processing of jobs gives rise to synchronization constraints that can be a main reason for job delay. In comparison with feed-forward queueing networks that have only sequential processing of jobs, the approximation and control of networks that have synchronization constraints is less understood. One well-known modeling framework in which synchronization constraints are prominent is the fork-join processing network. Our objective is to find scheduling rules for fork-join processing networks with multiple job types in which there is first a fork operation, then activities that can be performed in parallel, and then a join operation. The difficulty is that some of the activities that can be performed in parallel require a shared resource. We solve the scheduling problem for that shared server (that is, which type of job to prioritize at any given time) when that server is in heavy traffic and prove an asymptotic optimality result.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2018.0935 .
matthew lipman, l’impegno di una vita: insegnare a pensare, mimesis, milano–udine 2018.
Authors: Rebuffo Cristina
Published: January 2019

Il contributo si propone di presentare l’edizione italiana dell’autobiografia di Matthew Lipman uscita per la casa editrice Mimesis (Milano-Udine, Italia) nell’estate del 2018. Si tratta quindi di un contributo in forma di nota critica volta a presentare i passi ritenuti particolarmente salienti della vita e della ricerca del filosofo americano, fino al concepimento della rivoluzionaria proposta pedagogica della Philosophy for Children.
UMA ANÁLISE DA CRISE DO ESTADO DE DIREITO A PARTIR DA ORDEM MONETÁRIA / ANALYSIS OF THE CRISIS OF THE RULE OF LAW FROM THE MONETARY ORDER
Authors: Do Amaral Marcelo Quevedo
Published: January 2019

O processo de desterritorialização e perda de soberania que caracteriza a “crise do Estado”, cuja ênfase se dá com as transformações definidas como “financeirização”, também pode ser analisado a partir da perspectiva da evolução da ordem monetária.  O deslocamento do sistema capitalismo de uma dinâmica produtiva para a financeira trouxe consigo a questão do financiamento do Estado e da dívida pública para o centro do debate na atualidade. Esse debate envolve a legitimidade democrática, a transparência e/ou o déficit democrático existente nas instituições responsáveis pela gestão da política monetária.  Esses pontos representam um grande desafio à sociedades balizadas pelo ideal do Estado democrático de direito. Dentro de uma perspectiva hermenêutica-jurídica, o desafio é propor respostas orientadas por uma interpretação integral e interdependente, partindo da premissa que a transparência e o controle social da ordem monetária são elementos indispensáveis à efetividade do ideal democrático e republicano dentro de um projeto Estatal e\ou pós-Estatal.
DEVER DE FUNDAMENTAÇÃO, COERÊNCIA E INTEGRIDADE DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DO ACÓRDÃO PROLATADO PELO STF NO ARE 664.335 / DUTY OF STATE REASONS, COHERENCE AND INTEGRITY OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF TRIAL RULED BY BRAZILIAN SUPREME COURT ON THE ARE 664.335
Authors: Souza Lobato Valter , Atayde Gonçalves Nayara
Published: January 2019

Busca-se analisar as premissas e efeitos do dever de fundamentação na prolação de decisões judiciais, sobretudo em matérias de cunho técnico-científico, estabelecendo-se os critérios necessários para que os Tribunais promovam a adequada fundamentação das decisões, visando garantir a estabilidade, integridade e coerência da jurisprudência (art. 926 do CPC). Em especial, será analisado se o acórdão prolatado pelo STF nos autos do ARE 664.335 observou o princípio do dever de fundamentação ou se o precedente carece de superação.Palavras-chave: Dever de fundamentação.Matérias de cunho técnico-científico. Insalubridade ruído.
Does electronic decision support influence advanced life support in simulated cardiac arrest?
Authors: Jones Ian , Ann Hayes Julie , Williams Janet , Lonsdale Hannah
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

In-hospital cardiac arrest is common but survival rates vary considerably. The reasons for this may relate to human factors. Decision support systems and tools have been suggested as a means of reducing human errors and improving outcomes.

Methods:

This study aimed to: investigate if an electronic decision support system (eDSS) influenced advanced life support (ALS) in a simulated in-hospital cardiac arrest scenario; and explore practitioners' views of their performance with and without the eDSS. Teams of nurses and student nurses managed two scenarios with and without using an eDSS, and their adherence to an ALS protocol was assessed. Teams then took part in group interviews.

Results:

Teams using the eDSS were more likely to adhere to the drug and shock administration elements of the ALS protocol but were less safe in doing so, which may have been because they were unfamiliar with it. The interviews yielded one overarching theme—team working—and three subthemes of team performance and dynamics, team leader performance and areas for development. Some considered the eDSS as a source of reassurance that supported organisation and communication, while others found it a distraction; reduced situational awareness was observed when it was used.

Conclusion:

While an eDSS can support practitioners managing a simulated cardiac arrest, it is important to test prototypes in extensive simulation-based situations before they are used in clinical practice.
ECG of the month
Authors: Richley Dave
Published: January 2019

Dave Richley presents an ECG for you to analyse
Examining the results of cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Holmes Patrick
Published: January 2019

The second in a series of three articles, Patrick Holmes reports on the results of several cardiovascular outcome trials and summarises them class by class

This article takes a look at the recent type 2 diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), and attempts to summarise the results class by class. This is the second in a series of three articles, the third and final article will look at the recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statements as well as where to tailor glucose management in type 2 diabetes to improve patient-orientated outcomes.
Enabling self-management of eczema in primary care
Authors: Onselen Julie Van
Published: January 2019

Eczema is a very common and, generally, long-term condition found across all age groups. Practice nurses are skilled in chronic disease management and are ideally placed to manage eczema in general practice, and the step-wise principles of asthma care can also be applied to eczema care. These principles are aimed at enabling patient self-management by supporting and educating them in ‘preventers’, daily complete emollient therapy and ‘relievers’, treating symptoms quickly, generally with a short course of topical steroids. Patients with eczema can be educated in identifying individual triggers (such as irritants and allergens), recognising flares and complications, such as infection, and knowing when to seek health professional support.
Trifocal versus bifocal bone transport in treatment of long segmental tibial bone defects
Authors: Catagni M. A. , Azzam W. , Guerreschi F. , Lovisetti L. , Poli P. , Khan M. S. , Di Giacomo L. M.
Published: January 2019

Aims

Many authors have reported a shorter treatment time when using trifocal bone transport (TFT) rather than bifocal bone transport (BFT) in the management of long segmental tibial bone defects. However, the difference in the incidence of additional procedures, the true complications, and the final results have not been investigated.

Patients and Methods

A total of 86 consecutive patients with a long tibial bone defect (≥ 8 cm), who were treated between January 2008 and January 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 45 were treated by BFT and 41 by TFT. The median age of the 45 patients in the BFT group was 43 years (interquartile range (IQR) 23 to 54).

Results

The size of the bone defect was significantly longer (p = 0.005), the number of previous operations was significantly higher (p < 0.001), the operating time was significantly longer (p < 0.001), and the bone transport distance was significantly increased (p = 0.017) in the TFT group. However, the external fixation time (p < 0.001), the healing index (p < 0.001), the number of additional procedures (p = 0.013), and the number of true complications (p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in this group. Both groups achieved highly satisfactory bone and functional results.

Conclusion

TFT can significantly reduce the treatment time, the number of additional surgical procedures, and true complications compared with BFT in the treatment of long segmental tibial bone defects.
Preoperative bisphosphonate treatment may adversely affect the outcome after shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Mai D. H. , Oh C. , Doany M. E. , Rokito A. S. , Kwon Y. W. , Zuckerman J. D. , Virk M. S.
Published: January 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preoperative bisphosphonate treatment on the intra- and postoperative outcomes of arthroplasty of the shoulder. The hypothesis was that previous bisphosphonate treatment would adversely affect both intra- and postoperative outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients undergoing arthroplasty of the shoulder, at a single institution. Two patients with no previous bisphosphonate treatment were matched to each patient who had received this treatment preoperatively by gender, age, race, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and type of arthroplasty. Previous bisphosphonate treatment was defined as treatment occurring during the three-year period before the arthroplasty. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of intraoperative complications and those occurring at one and two years postoperatively. A total of 87 patients were included: 29 in the bisphosphonates-exposed (BP+) group and 58 in the non-exposed (BP-) group. In the BP+ group, there were 26 female and three male patients, with a mean age of 71.4 years (51 to 87). In the BP- group, there were 52 female and six male patients, with a mean age of 72.1 years (53 to 88).

Results

Previous treatment with bisphosphonates was positively associated with intraoperative complications (fracture; odds ratio (OR) 39.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42 to 6305.70) and one-year postoperative complications (OR 7.83, 95% CI 1.11 to 128.82), but did not achieve statistical significance for complications two years postoperatively (OR 3.45, 95% CI 0.65 to 25.28). The power was 63% for complications at one year.

Conclusion

Patients who are treated with bisphosphonates during the three-year period before shoulder arthroplasty have a greater risk of intraoperative and one-year postoperative complications compared with those without this previous treatment.
War trauma reconstruction surgery gives life back
Authors: Kader Deiary
Published: January 2019

Bringing surgical care to the victims of war-torn countries around the world.
Medical Manslaughter: Resolving Circularity
Authors: Wheeler Robert , Wheeler Rupert
Published: January 2019

Robert Wheeler and Rupert Wheeler take a closer look at the legal intricacies behind gross negligence manslaughter
Is the current training pathway for oncoplastic breast surgeons fit for purpose?
Authors: Kim B , Dave R , Potter S , Langlands F , Weston-Petrides G , Ashken L , Benson J , Tansley A , Doughty J
Published: January 2019

We take a look at the results of a Mammary Fold members' survey to find out.
Eldercare in transition(s): the special case of Russia
Authors: Grigoryeva Irina , Sidorenko Alexandre
Published: January 2019

This article reviews the organisation and delivery of social services for older persons in the Russian Federation – the major post-communist transitional economy. At the outset, we outline the basic demographic and epidemiological characteristics of population ageing in Russia; we focus on those characteristics that determine or influence the formation of needs for social services for older persons. The main content of the article is devoted to the evolution of policy in the field of social services for older citizens of Russia. The article concludes with a brief outline of future perspectives in addressing the social care needs in the country.
Street networks, pedestrian movement patterns and sexual harassment
Authors: Mohamed Abdelbaseer A , Stanek David
Published: January 2019

While demographic and social determinants of sexual harassment have been intensively and extensively investigated, attention to the role of the spatial configuration of the built environment remains limited. With a special focus on the Greater Cairo region, this study examines the occurrence of improper touching in public streets through a comprehensive review of the literature, space syntax analysis, band analysis and field survey. The results show that incidents’ locations are associated with spatially accessible street segments and that men dominate public spaces of the Cairo central business district (CBD), especially after dark. Busy routes have a dual effect: they give some sense of safety as a result of informal surveillance, people being ‘eyes on the street’, but may assist potential harassers to perpetrate, hide and escape swiftly. Unsafe space usually lacks a balanced and ‘civilised co-presence’ among inhabitants and strangers where strangers outnumber local residents. Accordingly, understanding human movement patterns and the spatial context of the most vulnerable types of urban spaces are an invaluable step to design out sexual harassment.
Music composition for iPad performance: Examining perspectives
Authors: Riley Patricia E.
Published: January 2019

This qualitative research investigated a music composition created specifically for performance on iPads. It examined perspectives of the composers, performers and audience member participants. Composers were undergraduate music education majors with concentrations in music composition, performers were undergraduate music education majors, and audience members included music majors, composers, music theory professors and conductors of traditional large ensembles. Data included the notated composition and written reflection statements by the composers, performers and audience members. Reflection questions guided the statements, and included: how does composing for iPad instruments differ from composing for more traditional instruments? How do you feel performing on an iPad differs from performing on more traditional instruments? What were the challenges that you encountered and how did you respond to them? And, what did you like best and least about this composition and/or performance? The data were analysed for emergent themes, and the themes discussed.
Dramatic Representation of Trench Space as an ‘Experiential Ruin’ in R.C. Sherriff’s Journey’s End and Sean O’Casey’s The Silver Tassie
Authors: Patterson Jonathan
Published: January 2019

Physical forms of ruin and psychological forms of ruination is an area within spatial theory that will enhance literary studies, especially literature of the First World War. The literary representation of the trench as a ruined space is a predominant feature of literature that emerges from the Great War. Among the different genres, it is drama that is ideally poised to offer a critique of the way both physical and psychological ruin can be depicted on the stage. Both R.C. Sherriff’s Journey’s End and Sean O’Casey’s The Silver Tassie consciously depict trench space as a site of embodied trauma for soldiers who experienced trench warfare and, consequently, trench space functions as an ‘experiential ruin.’ This ‘embodied exchange’ emphasizes the relationship between the battlefield (or cite of trauma) and the actual war-related trauma itself. Both Sherriff and O’Casey have created plays that show the decaying landscape and decaying psyche as inseparable victims to the devastation of the First World War.
A Different Perspective (?): Air Warfare in Derek Robinson’s Post-Memory Aviation Fiction
Authors: Sokolowska-Paryz Marzena
Published: January 2019

The canonical literary epitome of the Great War is, beyond doubt, the infantry soldier trapped in what Paul Fussell called the “troglodyte world” of the notorious trenches. There exists, however, a considerable number of literary accounts devoted to a different ‘space’—and thus allegedly also a different experience—of the conflict. The autobiography by Manfred von Richthofen, and memoirs by Billy Bishop and Cecil Lewis contributed to the fame of the Great War pilots as ‘knights of the air.’ Post-memory literary depictions of air warfare tend to be more ideologically ambivalent. The focus of this paper will be Derek Robinson’s novel War Story (1987), constituting in terms of the chosen historical time of its action the first part of his acclaimed Great War aviation trilogy, including also Goshawk Squadron and Hornet's Sting, to be analyzed within the wider context of the cultural representations of the Royal Flying Corps in 1914–1918. Derek Robinson served in the RAF after the Second World War. He is also the author of the revisionist Invasion, 1940 and, thus, his literary ‘return’ to the Great War, within the context of air warfare, must raise important questions concerning the extent to which he perpetuates or challenges the prevailing myths of the first global conflict of the twentieth-century.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Rebamipide Plus Lansoprazole for the Treatment of Postendoscopic Submucosal Dissection Ulcers
Authors: Yan Bin , Lu Zhongsheng , Ge Zhizheng , Liu Side , Guo Xuegang , Tian Dean , Yang Yuxiu , Li Xiaobo , Gong Wei , Liu Zhiguo , Liu Mei , Zhou Bingxi , Zhao Kabing , Pan Fei , Yang Jing , Yang Yunsheng
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To evaluate the healing efficacy of rebamipide and lansoprazole combination therapy with lansoprazole alone for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)–induced ulcers and clarify the ulcer healing-associated factors.

METHODS:

Three hundred patients were randomized into control and experimental groups after they underwent ESD. The patients received intravenous pantoprazole (30 mg) every 12 hours and oral rebamipide (100 mg, experimental group) or placebo (control group) 3 times daily on days 1–3. On days 4–56, patients received oral lansoprazole (30 mg daily) and rebamipide (100 mg) or placebo 3 times daily. Endoscopic evaluations were performed at postoperative weeks 4 and 8.

RESULTS:

At week 4, the ulcer reduction rate was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (0.97 ± 0.034 vs. 0.94 ± 0.078; P < 0.001). The ulcer healing (18.2% vs 20.3%; P = 0.669) and ulcer improvement rates (94.2% vs 88.7%; P = 0.109) in the 2 groups were not significantly different. At week 8, the ulcer healing and ulcer improvement rates were 90.6% and 100%, respectively, in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the combination treatment was an independent factor associated with ulcer area reduction after ESD. The maximum diameter of the initial ulcer (≥35.5 mm vs <35.5 mm) was an independent factor associated with the ulcer improvement rate after ESD.

CONCLUSIONS:

The rebamipide and lansoprazole combination therapy can help accelerate the reduction rate of post-ESD ulcer compared with the lansoprazole monotherapy at 4 weeks of therapy.
Paget’s disease of bone, biphosphonates and jaw osteonecrosis: a case report
Authors: Magremanne Michele , Grysolle Anne , Reychler Hervé
Published: January 2019

Objective: Paget’s disease of bone is characterized by a focal increase in bone
resorption and accelerated bone formation leading to a weaker and disorganised bone. Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been the treatment of choice of Paget’s disease since the 1990s. Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare event in non oncologic patients. We describe a rare case of  Paget’s disease
involving the maxilla with osteonecrosis in a context of bisphosphonate treatment.
 
Case report: an 87-year-old woman presented with 4 episodes of bone necrosis in 15 years. In this case report there is a clear chronologic association between the occurrence of MRONJ and the administration of iv BP for Paget’s disease.
Maxillofacial involvement of Paget’s disease occurs in less than 15% of cases. There is a lack of information in the literature about the association of MRONJ and Paget’s disease. Even if osteonecrosis of the jaw could be a consequence of the
disease, in this case, it is more in relation to the BP treatment.
 
Conclusions: Although MRONJ might be considered a rare condition in Paget’s disease, patients prior to starting antiresorptive therapy and in particular iv BPs should have a complete dental examination and panoramic X-Ray.
 
Nemesis relevance: side effect of bisphosphonate treatment
NEW APPROACH TO APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL APPARATUS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPINE MODEL
Authors: Gladkov Aleksandr Vjacheslavovich , Sivets Yury Vjacheslavovich , Avdeeva Ksenya Yuryevna
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a mathematical model with graphic visualization, which describes spine geometric parameters and conditions of their changes in time and space. Reduction of data file size necessary for reproduction of vertebra shape and storage of this structure in a computer with the least losses is achieved with algorithm of geometrical interpolation and vertebral body shape reconstruction – with trigonometric interpolation sums (TIS). The developed spine model is based on three concepts. A spline interpolation is used for reproduction of the whole spine. The spline polynomial is built on data received by calculation of transition matrices. This requires the parameters of not each point, but only of three key ones (in the basic spine levels). Application of spline interpolation considerably reduces time expenses for transition matrices calculation. The developed model takes into account the geometrical features of human vertebra, and changes of its kinematic characteristics in space and time. The model will allow observation of deformation of the whole spine caused by change of one or several randomly chosen parameters. Thus the geometrical characteristics necessary to calculate matrix chain of the second model are the results of the first model calculations. Having a set of the statistical data, the given model can be used for observation of spine response to various disturbing factors. After assigning initial spine parameters a graphic interpretation of the model will enable to receive a three-dimensional spine image, to shift and rotate it, to assign a direction of load application, to trace the changes in the spine shape during physiological movements and walking.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS SURGICAL CORRECTION
Authors: Mikhailovsky Mikhail Vitalyevich
Published: January 2019

A comprehensive surgery of idiopathic scoliosis should be based on the following principles: application of third generation segmental instrumentation, obligatory preoperative planning, and multilevel outcome estimation. Segmental instrumentation has proven its numerous advantages. Preoperative planning reduces unavoidable though unwanted sequelae of the spine locking. Differentiated technique suggests four main variances: for juvenile scoliosis, for scoliosis in patients of 11–13 years old; for adolescent scoliosis, and for extremely severe advanced cases. Multilevel outcome estimation requires the use of patient questionnaires and computer optical method.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICIENCY OF DESTANDAU ENDOSCOPIC DISCECTOMY AND OPEN MICROSURGICAL DISCECTOMY FOR LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION
Authors: Simonovich Aleksandr Evgenyevich , Markin Sergey Petrovich
Published: January 2019

Objectives. To estimate efficiency, safety and traumatizing impact of endoscopic discectomy in comparison with traditional microsurgical discectomy. Material and methods. A total of 330 patients underwent Destandau endoscopic discectomy and 964 – open microsurgical discectomy. The operative times, terms of patient postoperative bed and hospital stays, postoperative dynamics of neurologic deficiency, surgical complications and frequency of herniation recurrences were estimated in both groups. Pain intensity was assessed with the 10-score Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional activity – with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results of surgical treatment were estimated in 8–10 days, 6 and 12 months after operation. Results. VAS and ODI data have not revealed essential distinctions in pain regression dynamics after endoscopic and open surgeries. Surgical complications after endoscopic intervention were not more often, than after microsurgical discectomy. Damage of dura mater occurred in 2.4 % of cases, and increase in neurologic deficiency (hypoesthesia) – in 0.6 %. Herniation recurrences have evolved in 3.0 % of cases after endoscopic discectomy and in 4.7 % – after open microsurgical one. Conclusion. Destandau endoscopic surgery is a low invasive method of effective treatment for lumbar disc herniations, which by its technical opportunities and results is competitive with classical open microsurgical discectomy.
TRANSCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC NUCLEOTOMY OF LOWER LUMBER DISCS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Sak Leonid Davydovich , Zubairov Evgeny Khadzhievich , Kozel Arnold Izrailevich
Published: January 2019

Literature review is dedicated to an important problem – treatment of neurological manifestation of vertebral osteochondrosis by minimal invasive method, i.e. endoscopic nucleotomy. Consistent stages of method transformation from intervertebral disc puncture to complete decompression under endoscopic control have been followed. Indications and contra-indications, complications and results of treatment are analyzed in detail. Potentialities inherent in various techniques of visual intraoperation control (CT, MRI, fluoroscopy) are discussed. The reported information convincingly proves great potential of endoscopic nucleotomy.
BLOOD SAVING IN PEDIATRIC SPINAL SURGERY: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ulrikh Gleb Eduardovich
Published: January 2019

The analysis of literature data on blood saving in pediatric spinal surgery is presented in the review. The advantages and shortcomings of each method are critically evaluated. It is marked that the highest efficiency is achieved by combination of several methods in one patient. Special attention is paid to the risk of reducing spinal cord blood supply and necessity of thorough monitoring of systemic hemodynamics and oxygen transport.
An Examination of the Effectiveness of Various Intervention Programs in Increasing Sexual Health Knowledge and Behaviors in Adolescents: A Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Körük Serdar , Aypay Ayşe , Salimoğlu Kadir Burak , Dinç Safiye Yılmaz
Published: January 2019

The
aim of this meta-analysis study is to examine the effectiveness of various
intervention programs in the promotion of sexual health knowledge / behaviors
in adolescents. In the context of this research, which meta-analysis method was
used, as a result of the review of literature conducted by using various
databases, 28 studies were reached between the years 2007-2017, 13 of which
were included meta-analysis. For the mentioned 13 intervention programs, the
country / culture (individualist / collectivist) and the measured sexual health
component (knowledge level / behavior) were determined as hypothetical
moderator variables. The findings of the analysis using the random effect model
showed that the intervention programs applied were highly effective in increasing
sexual health knowledge / behaviours in adolescents. It was determined that two
of the hypothetical moderator variables function as moderator variable. It was
reached that the intervention programs conducted in individualist countries
have improved further and programs that aim to promote healthy sexual behavior
are more successful at a higher level when compared to programs that aim to
promote sexual health knowledge.
An Action Research Aiming to Reveal the Effects of Paired Reading on Eliminating Reading Difficulties
Authors: YILMAZ Muamber , KADAN Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2019

The effects of paired reading on developing reading skill of a student who had difficulty in reading were researched in the study. The study designed as an action research was carried out with one 5th grader having reading difficulty and studying at Bartın Gazi Secondary School in the second term of 2016-2017 academic year. First, the student was asked to read two informative reading texts – Trash (Çöpler) and Recycling (Geri Dönüşüm) – in the 5th grade Turkish coursebook , and his reading was recorded in order to determine his reading level. His reading level was scored based on the error analysis inventory. It was found that his reading level was at anxiety level. Next, the student was asked to read an informative text entitled “Traveler Turtle is in Denizli (Gezgin Kaplumbağa Denizli’de)” in the 4th grade Turkish coursebook. It was seen that the student was still at anxiety level. Then, he was asked to read an informative text entitled “Traffic Rules (Trafik Kuralları)” in the 3rd grade Turkish course book. The instruction period was 30 hours in total – 5 hours a week. At the end of the reading instruction period, the student was asked to read a text entitled “Domestic Goods (Yerli Malı)” selected from the 3rd grade Turkish course book.  It was revealed that the student’s reading level reached independent level.
The Participation Status of Music Teachers in In-service Training Programs and Their Expectations
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gökhan , ÖZTÜRK Özlem
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research is to
determine the participation status of music teachers in in-service training
programs and their expectations. Structured according to the survey model, this
descriptive study was conducted with 48 music teachers in the center of Tokat
city, Turkey, in September/2017. The data were obtained through personal data
form and standardized interview form. Percentage and frequency distributions,
and excerpts from teacher opinions were given place in the presentation of the
data, which is analysed according to descriptive analysis technique. According
to the research results, the participation rate of music teachers in in-service
training activities is low. Teachers tend to participate in the activities
organized by the Provincial Directorate of National Education instead of the
events organized by the Ministry of National Education. Activity topics are
mainly aimed at the promotion of the curriculum. Music teachers demand that
in-service training activities be organized in teaching methods, technology,
Turkish music and instruction, guidance and personal development. The teachers’
expectations with regard to the process of planning, implementation, and
evaluation of the activities intensify on; the determination of the activity
content by themselves, the presentation of the subjects by field experts from
universities, the organization of the activities in the cities they work and
during seminar seasons. At the end of the study, we discuss the effect of
existing problems in the literature on the results obtained by this study, and
make suggestions that can positively effect participation rates and contribute
to the arrangement of better quality activities.
How Do Educational Researchers Utilize from Social Media?
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Erkan
Published: January 2019

Social media is very popular on the Internet and individuals utilize
from social media in different ways. The present study investigated the
educational researchers’ social media uses and their opinions about using
social media as a research, teaching and learning environment for educational
purposes within a sample of Turkish educational researchers. A total of 207
researchers participated in this study. The results showed that 62% of the
researchers utilized from social media for their previous educational studies
and 90% of them planned to utilize from social media for their educational
studies in the near future. Most of the educational researchers think
positive about the usage of social media within educational studies, but they
have complained about the insufficiency of literature. It has been seen that
the researchers’ study at the Department of Computer and Instruction
Technologies Education use social media more effective and younger
researchers utilize from social media more and think to utilize more in
faculties of education.