bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Possible Mechanism for a Light-Driven Regulation of the Fatty Acid Composition in Galactolipids of Chloroplasts
Authors: Sauer A. , Heise K .-P.
Published: May 2015

The occurrence of acylgalactosylglycerol (AGG) in spinach chloroplasts is proposed. In lipid se­parations of whole spinach leaves this fraction is hidden by variable amounts of extraplastidary steryl glucoside (SG) which depended on the physiological state of the leaf material. Beside the phospholipid fraction, this lipid mixture with unique chromatographic behavior, recently termed GL, exhibited the highest specific activity in the lipid extract of infiltrated leaf sections of spinach after short periods of illumination (2 min) under 14C-fixing conditions. The main source of label was found in the fatty acid residues of the lipids described. The decrease of specific activity in GL after a cold chase was accompanied by an increasing 14C-incorporation into the fatty acid moieties of the MGDG-as well as the phospholipid fraction. This effect was significantly reduced if the 14C-pulse was followed by a dark period. This incorporation behavior suggests, that AGG functions as an intermediary acyl acceptor in the light driven fatty acid transfer between the lipids decribed. SG-synthesis, on the contrary, is independent of additional illumination and seems to be localized outside the chloroplast. The last notion was derived from experiments involving the in­ corporation of [UDP-14C] glucose into SG by spinach leaf homogenates. With regard to the increasing level of trienoic fatty acids in AGG and MGDG during the regeneration of dark pretreated spinach leaves in the light, the data are interpreted in terms of a light regulated acylation of AGG with specific unsaturated fatty acids.
External Factors Influencing Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution by the Blue-Green Alga, Nostoc muscorum
Authors: Ernst Anneliese , Kerfin Wolfgang , Spiller Hartmut , Böger Peter
Published: May 2015

This study was conducted to determine some physiological conditions which influence light-in­duced hydrogen evolution by intact cells of the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum.

This activity was found to be dependent on the age of the culture, cultivation temperature, ageing of the cells, and on gassing the cultures with nitrogen or air. Nitrogenase is particularly active after cultivation at 22 °C but not at 32 °C although growth is about the same. The molar ratio of acetylene reduction to hydrogen evolution -both gas exchanges obviously catalyzed by nitrogenase - is also dependent on age and temperature of the culture. A hydrogen-consuming (“up­ take”) hydrogenase activity is present and affected by prolonged microaerobic, but not by aerobic growth conditions, and stimulated by light.

External factors during growth apparently influence differently the activities of nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase. Consequently -besides the electron donor supply -net light-induced hydro­ gen evolution by intact cells is dependent on these two variable activities.
Cation Effects on System II Reactions in Thylakoids: Measurements on Oxygen Evolution, the Electrochromic Change at 515 Nanometers, the Primary Acceptor and the Primary Donor
Authors: Govindjee  , Mathis Paul , Vemotte Claudie , Wong Daniel , Saphon Satham , Wydrzynsk Thomas , Briantais Jean-Marie
Published: May 2015

Divalent cations are known to decrease the "spillover" of excitation energy from photosystem II (PS II) to PS I. At low light intensities, this does lead to an increased quantum yield of photo­reactions in PS II. Contrary to some suggestions that PS II is activated at high light intensities, or in strong flashes of light by the addition of Mg2+, we suggest here that Mg2+ ions may not activate reaction center II, P 680. After brief light flashes, we do not find any significant enhancement in (a) O2 yield/flash, (b) proton yield/flash, (c) the amplitude of charge separation in PS II, as monitored by 515 nm absorbance change, and (d) the amplitude of the reduced primary acceptor, as monitored by 320 nm absorbance change. Data on absorbance change at 820 nm suggest that the absence of Mg2+ does not lead to inactivation of electron donation to P 680+.
Fine Structure and Organization of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in the Sino-Auricular Fibres of Frog Heart
Authors: Duvert Michel , Barets André L.
Published: May 2015

The ultrastructure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the sino-auricular fibres of frog heart has been investigated especially in order to evaluate its possible relationship with several cellular organelles.

The SR appears as a complex unit which can be divided into three regions:

- peripheral SR, localized beneath the sarcolemma. It is com posed of junctional SR, which forms specialized complexes (couplings) with the sarcolemma, and peripheral SR s. str. which frequently extends its anastomotic tubules around the caveolae.

- juxtafibrillar SR, in relation with myofibrils, at the level of Z lines and I bands.

- intermediary SR which is the most abundant. It contains dense granules, able to bind strontium (and calcium) and, from place to place, is formed into flattened saccules bearing fenestrations where microfilaments frequently pass through. It allows peripheral SR and juxtafibrillar SR to communicate, giving unity to the reticular system and, on the other hand, shows close topographical relations with mitochondria.

The great extension of the SR, its heterogeneity and its relationships with several cellular organelles, especially mitochondria, are interpreted from the functional point of view.
Die Sequenz eines dimeren Hämoglobins (Erythrocruorin), Komponente CTT-IX von Chironomus thummi thummi (Insecta Diptera) / The Sequence of a Dimeric Hemoglobin (Erythrocruorin), Component IX, from Chironomus thummi thummi (Insecta Diptera)
Authors: Steer Wolfgang , Braunitzer Gerhard
Published: May 2015

The primary structure of the dimeric hemoglobin (erythro­cruorin) CTT-IX from the insect larva Chironomus thummi thummi (Insecta Diptera) is given. The sequence was deter­mined automatically. The primary structure is compared with human α-chains.
Larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Youngia japonica aerial parts and its constituents against Aedes albopictus
Authors: Liu Xin Chao , Liu Qiyong , Chen Xu Bo , Liu Qi Zhi , Liu Zhi Long
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Youngia japonica aerial parts against the larvae of Aedes albopictus and to isolate any active compounds from the oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed the presence of 31 compounds, with menthol (23.53%), α-asarone (21.54%), 1,8-cineole (5.36%), and caryophyllene (4.45%) as the major constituents. Bioactivity-directed chromatographic separation of the oil led to the isolation of menthol and α-asarone as active compounds. The essential oil of Y. japonica exhibited larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus with an LC50 value of 32.45 μg/mL. α-Asarone and menthol possessed larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of A. albopictus with LC50 values of 24.56 μg/mL and 77.97 μg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that the essential oil of Y. japonica aerial parts and the two constituents can be potential sources of natural larvicides.
Susceptibility of Microsporum canis arthrospores to a mixture of chemically defined essential oils: a perspective for environmental decontamination
Authors: Nardoni Simona , Tortorano Annamaria , Mugnaini Linda , Profili Greta , Pistelli Luisa , Giovanelli Silvia , Pisseri Francesca , Papini Roberto , Mancianti Francesca
Published: May 2015

The zoophilic dermatophyte Microsporum canis has cats as natural reservoir, but it is able to infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, where different clinical features of the so-called ringworm dermatophytosis have been described. Human infections are increasingly been reported in Mediterranean countries. A reliable control program against M. canis infection in cats should include an antifungal treatment of both the infected animals and their living environment. In this article, a herbal mixture composed of chemically defined essential oils (EOs) of Litsea cubeba (1%), Illicium verum, Foeniculum vulgare, and Pelargonium graveolens (0.5% each) was formulated and its antifungal activity assessed against M. canis arthrospores which represent the infective environmental stage of M. canis. Single compounds present in higher amounts in the mixture were also separately tested in vitro. Litsea cubeba and P. graveolens EOs were most effective (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5%), followed by EOs of I. verum (MIC 2%) and F. vulgare (MIC 2.5%). Minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) values were 0.75% (L. cubeba), 1.5% (P. graveolens), 2.5% (I. verum) and 3% (F. vulgare). MIC and MFC values of the mixture were 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively. The daily spray of the mixture (200 μL) directly onto infected hairs inhibited fungal growth from the fourth day onwards. The compounds present in higher amounts exhibited variable antimycotic activity, with MIC values ranging from >10% (limonene) to 0.1% (geranial and neral). Thus, the mixture showed a good antifungal activity against arthrospores present in infected hairs. These results are promising for a further application of the mixture as an alternative tool or as an adjuvant in the environmental control of feline microsporosis.
Central analgesic activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Albizia lebbeck: role of the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways
Authors: Meshram Girish G. , Kumar Anil , Rizvi Waseem , Tripathi C.D. , Khan R.A.
Published: May 2015

Albizia lebbeck Benth. is extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for treating several painful and inflammatory disorders. The possible central analgesic activity and the underlying mechanism of action of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of the leaves of A. lebbeck were investigated in Wistar rats using Eddy’s hot plate and the tail flick tests. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of action, rats were pretreated with naloxone, bicuculline or methysergide and then were administered a per os (p.o.) dose of AE or EE. AE and EE caused a significant (p<0.05) elevation in the mean basal reaction time in the hot plate method and an increase in the latency time in the tail flick method. In rats pretreated with bicuculline and methysergide, a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the analgesic activity was observed in comparison to AE and EE. Thus, AE and EE exhibited significant central analgesic activity and act possibly via the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. The flavonoids and saponins found in the leaves could be responsible for the observed effect.
Glucagon induces airway smooth muscle relaxation by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2
Authors: Insuela Daniella B R , Daleprane Julio B , Coelho Luciana P , Silva Adriana R , e Silva Patrícia M R , Martins Marco A , Carvalho Vinicius F
Published: May 2015

Glucagon is a hyperglycemic pancreatic hormone that has been shown to provide a beneficial effect against asthmatic bronchospasm. We investigated the role of this hormone on airway smooth muscle contraction and lung inflammation using bothin vitroandin vivoapproaches. The action of glucagon on mouse cholinergic tracheal contraction was studied in a conventional organ bath system, and its effect on airway obstruction was also investigated using the whole-body pletysmographic technique in mice. We also tested the effect of glucagon on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation. The expression of glucagon receptor (GcgR), CREB, phospho-CREB, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-3, pNOS-3 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 was evaluated by western blot, while prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and tumour necrosis factor-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay and ELISA respectively. Glucagon partially inhibited carbachol-induced tracheal contraction in a mechanism clearly sensitive to des-His1-[Glu9]-glucagon amide, a GcgR antagonist. Remarkably, GcgR was more expressed in the lung and trachea with intact epithelium than in the epithelium-denuded trachea. In addition, the glucagon-mediated impairment of carbachol-induced contraction was prevented by either removing epithelial cells or blocking NOS (l-NAME), COX (indomethacin) or COX-1 (SC-560). In contrast, inhibitors of either heme oxygenase or COX-2 were inactive. Intranasal instillation of glucagon inhibited methacholine-induced airway obstruction by a mechanism sensitive to pretreatment withl-NAME, indomethacin and SC-560. Glucagon induced CREB and NOS-3 phosphorylation and increased PGE2levels in the lung tissue without altering COX-1 expression. Glucagon also inhibited LPS-induced AHR and bronchoalveolar inflammation. These findings suggest that glucagon possesses airway-relaxing properties that are mediated by epithelium-NOS-3-NO- and COX-1-PGE2-dependent mechanisms.
Macronutrients and caloric intake in health and longevity
Authors: Solon-Biet Samantha M , Mitchell Sarah J , de Cabo Rafael , Raubenheimer David , Le Couteur David G , Simpson Stephen J
Published: May 2015

Both lifespan and healthspan are influenced by nutrition, with nutritional interventions proving to be robust across a wide range of species. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood. Caloric restriction is the most studied dietary intervention known to extend life in many organisms, but recently the balance of macronutrients has been shown to play a critical role. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the impact of calories and macronutrient balance in mammalian health and longevity, and highlight the key nutrient-sensing pathways that mediate the effects of nutrition on health and ageing.
SDN-1/Syndecan Acts in Parallel to the Transmembrane Molecule MIG-13 to Promote Anterior Neuroblast Migration
Authors: Sundararajan Lakshmi , Norris Megan L , Lundquist Erik A
Published: May 2015

The Q neuroblasts in Caenorhabditis elegans display left-right asymmetry in their migration, with QR and descendants on the right migrating anteriorly, and QL and descendants on the left migrating posteriorly. Initial QR and QL migration is controlled by the transmembrane receptors UNC-40/DCC, PTP-3/LAR, and the Fat-like cadherin CDH-4. After initial migration, QL responds to an EGL-20/Wnt signal that drives continued posterior migration by activating MAB-5/Hox activity in QL but not QR. QR expresses the transmembrane protein MIG-13, which is repressed by MAB-5 in QL and which drives anterior migration of QR descendants. A screen for new Q descendant AQR and PQR migration mutations identified mig-13 as well as hse-5, the gene encoding the glucuronyl C5-epimerase enzyme, which catalyzes epimerization of glucuronic acid to iduronic acid in the heparan sulfate side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Of five C. elegans HSPGs, we found that only SDN-1/Syndecan affected Q migrations. sdn-1 mutants showed QR descendant AQR anterior migration defects, and weaker QL descendant PQR migration defects. hse-5 affected initial Q migration, whereas sdn-1 did not. sdn-1 and hse-5 acted redundantly in AQR and PQR migration, but not initial Q migration, suggesting the involvement of other HSPGs in Q migration. Cell-specific expression studies indicated that SDN-1 can act in QR to promote anterior migration. Genetic interactions between sdn-1, mig-13, and mab-5 suggest that MIG-13 and SDN-1 act in parallel to promote anterior AQR migration and that SDN-1 also controls posterior migration. Together, our results indicate previously unappreciated complexity in the role of multiple signaling pathways and inherent left-right asymmetry in the control of Q neuroblast descendant migration.
High Crystalline Quality Perovskite Thin Films Prepared by a Novel Hybrid Evaporation/CVD Technique
Authors: Peng Yanke , Jing Gaoshan , Cui Tianhong
Published: May 2015

Performance of a perovskite based solar cell is highly determined by the crystalline qualities of the perovskite thin film sandwiched between an electron and a hole transport layer, such as grain size and uniformity of the film. Here, we demonstrated a new hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) technique to synthesis high quality perovskite films. First, a PbI2 precursor film was spin-coated on a mesoporous TiO2 (m-TiO2)/compact TiO2 (c-TiO2)/FTO substrate in ambient environment. Then, purified CH3NH3I crystal material was evaporated and the vapor reacted with the PbI2 precursor film in a vacuum pressure/temperature accurately controlled quartz tube furnace. In this technique, high vacuum (2mTorr) and low temperature (100°C) were applied to decrease perovskite film growth rate and reduce perovskite film defects. After vapor reaction, the perovskite film was annealed at 100°C for 10min in 20mTorr vacuum to recrystallize and remove CH3NH3I residue in order to further improve crystal quality of the thin film. Crystal quality of this perovskite thin film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and AFM results illustrate perovskite thin films synthesized by this technique have larger grain sizes and more uniformity (RMS 11.6nm/Ra 9.3nm) superior to most existing methods. Strong peaks shown in the XRD chart at 14.18°, 28.52°, 31.96°, which were assigned to (110), (220), (330) miller indices of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystal, indicate the complete reaction between CH3NH3I vapor and PbI2 precursor layer. High power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 12.3% and stable efficiencies under four hours illumination of AM1.5 standard were achieved by these solar cells. This vacuum/vapor based technique is compatible with conventional semiconductor fabrication techniques and high quality perovskite film could be achieved through delicate process control. Eventually, perovskite based solar cells could be mass produced in low cost for large scale applications by this novel technique.
Role of Anode on Resistance Switching Phenomenon of Metal Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory
Authors: Kinoshita Kentaro , Koh Sang-Gyu , Moriyama Takumi , Kishida Satoru
Published: May 2015

Although the presence of oxygen reservoir is assumed in many theoretical models which explain resistive switching of ReRAM with an electrode/metal oxide (MO)/electrode structure, the location of oxygen reservoir is not clear. We have previously reported a method for preparing an extremely small ReRAM cell which has removable bottom electrode (BE), by using AFM cantilever. In this study, we used this cell structure to specify the location of oxygen reservoir. Since an anode is assumed to work as an oxygen reservoir in most models, we investigated the effect of changing anodes for the same filament on the presence or absence of the occurrence of reset switching. It was revealed that reset occurred independently of catalytic ability and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of anode material. However, reset was caused by repairing oxygen vacancies of which filament consists when metals with high ΔG is used as an anode, whereas by oxidizing an anode when metals with low ΔG is used as an anode. This result suggests that the MO film works as an oxygen reservoir for anode with high ΔG, whereas an anode works as an oxygen reservoir for anode with low ΔG.
Surface coating treatment and densification of mortar by electrodeposition method
Authors: Xu Jinxia , Shan Hongyou , Zhang Changkuan , Jiang Linhua , Tang Li , Xu Yi , Xu Ning
Published: May 2015

A novel electrodeposition method for both surface coating treatment and densification of mortar is presented. Mortar specimens of dimensions 2 cm × 4 cm × 16 cm were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the method: the produced coating layer thickness and flexural strength, compressive strength and resistivity of the electrochemically treated mortar specimens were measured. The results indicate that the coating layers were 0·2–1·1 mm thick, and thickness strongly depended on technological parameters such as applied voltage, sodium silicate concentration, conduction time and temperature. With suitable technological parameters, the electrodeposition method was found to produce moderate increases in flexural and compressive strengths. Resistivity was significantly increased, indicating great potential for upgrading durability. The microstructures of the electrochemically treated mortar specimens were observed using a mercury intrusion porosimeter and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer.
Age dynamics of functional coordination and force readiness girls grades 8-9
Authors: Іващенко О. В. , Карпунець Т. В. , Крінін Ю. В.
Published: May 2015

Purpose — to identify patterns of age dynamics of functional and motor fitness girls eighth and ninth grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives adopted the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and treatment methods of mathematical statistics research results. In the study involved 14 dyvchat class 8, 14 — 9 class.Conclusions. Analysis of the test results shows that statistically significant differences between girls 8 and 9 classes in functional samples was observed. For the functional state of respiration and circulation girls 8 and 9 classes are rated as healthy untrained.Girls 9 classes show statistically significantly better results in tests for speed strength, static display of strength and motor coordination (tests 8 «Long jump from place, see» 7 «Height in folded hands, p ‘and 2’ Evaluation of temporal parameters movement, with error «).Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients can determine the value contribution of variables in the function result. With the largest contribution to the canonical function variables are 6, 10 and 7: the higher the value of these variables, the more important functions. The foregoing indicates to assess the functional and motor fitness of students grades 8—9 using the proposed battery of tests.Structural factors canonical discriminant function shows that feature most significantly associated with 7, 8 and 2 variables: the more attention is paid to static, the actual strength and coordination training, the greater the likelihood of increasing the level of functional and motor fitness girls 8—9 grades.100.0% initial observations are grouped correctly classified. Thus, the canonical discriminant function can be used for evaluation and prediction of functional and motor fitness girls 8—9 grades.
La mise en patrimoine sur ONF.ca
Authors: Garneau Michèle
Published: May 2015

RésuméCe texte propose une approche à la fois descriptive, analytique et critique de la très active production patrimoniale actuellement en cours sur ONF.ca. En se donnant comme mission de rendre accessible son patrimoine audiovisuel, l’Office se soucie d’en orienter la réception, de proposer aux internautes l’histoire de son action audiovisuelle depuis sa fondation en 1939. Par le relevé d’un certain nombre de valeurs exhibées (authenticité, représentativité, renommée et proximité), et de registres privilégiés (dont celui de la commémoration), l’auteur tente de circonscrire une axiologie du patrimoine sur ONF.ca. Dans sa seconde partie, le texte se consacre à la question de l’articulation (et de l’écart) entre mémoire patrimoniale et mémoires particulières (des films) afin de mieux cerner les contours politiques et les enjeux idéologiques de l’encadrement discursif des collections. AbstractThis article offers a descriptive, analytical and critical approach to the very active production of audiovisual heritage currently underway at NFB.ca. Designed to make the National Film Board (NFB)’s audiovisual heritage more accessible, the website carefully guides its users through the history-memory of audiovisual production at the Film Board from its foundation in 1939 through to the present. By analyzing how the website showcases its films, endorsing specific values (authenticity, representativeness, recognition and proximity) and privileging certain registers (such as commemoration), the article first attempts to define an axiology of heritage in NFB.ca. The article then focuses on questions of the articulation of (and the variation between) history-memory and particular memories (of films) in order to better outline the political contours and ideological stakes of the discursive framework of the NFB’s collections.
Du devenir de la notion de documentaire à l’ONF : des discours aux formes
Authors: Zéau Caroline
Published: May 2015

RésuméLa production documentaire fut toujours l’armature du mandat de l’Office national du film du Canada. Pour garantir la légitimité du cinéma auprès des instances publiques, son fondateur John Grierson a pris appui sur l’assise conceptuelle de l’Idée documentaire, une conception programmatique du cinéma qui soumettait celui-ci à la cause publique. Plus que jamais aujourd’hui, l’héritage de John Grierson est invoqué pour caractériser les valeurs associées à la mission de l’ONF, comme en témoignent les documents de communication produits par l’organisme. Plusieurs questions se posent alors : pourquoi la résurgence du lexique griersonien est-elle jugée pertinente aujourd’hui ? Et quelles sont les équivalences présupposées par ce retour aux sources ? Dans cet article, l’auteure se propose d’étudier la place et les valeurs aujourd’hui accordées à la notion de documentaire et aux objets qu’elle recouvre au sein des discours et des formes produits par l’ONF dans le cadre de la mutation technologique qui redéfinit sa mission et ses priorités depuis 2008. Ainsi seront examinées les déclinaisons terminologiques qui s’y rapportent—sur le site ONF.ca et les plans stratégiques 2008-2013 et 2013-2018—parallèlement à l’étude des formes nouvelles de documentaires produites pour les canaux de diffusion numériques qui définissent le champ de l’art interactif. AbstractDocumentary production has always been central to the mandate of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). To ensure the legitimacy of film among public authorities, its founder John Grierson built on the conceptual foundation of the Documentary Idea, a programmatic concept of cinema that places the latter at the service of the public. Today more than ever, the legacy of John Grierson is understood to characterize the values associated with the mission of the NFB, as evidenced by the institution’s communication documents. Several questions then arise: why is the Griersonian vocabulary considered pertinent today within the NFB? And what equivalences are assumed in this return to basics? From within the framework of the technological transformations that have been redefining the mission and priorities of the NFB, and the discourses and forms produced by the NFB since 2008, this article studies the place and values associated today with the notion of documentary and the objects it describes. Thus, the terminological variations linked with the term documentary are scrutinized—both on the NFB.ca website and in the 2008-2013 and 2013-2018 strategic plans—in parallel with the new forms of documentary produced for the digital distribution channels defining the field of interactive art.
Les droits de la personne sur ONF.ca : discours et images de la tolérance
Authors: Albert Christine
Published: May 2015

RésuméEn décembre 2012, ONF.ca ajoutait une chaîne consacrée aux « Droits de la personne » à sa plateforme web celle-ci proposant une sélection de films portant sur « les droits fondamentaux qui protègent tout être humain ». Pour examiner cette dernière, on partira du postulat selon lequel l’encadrement discursif qui accompagne cette sélection peut influencer la façon dont l’utilisateur regardera les films proposés. Dans un premier temps on se concentrera sur l’espace discursif, pour en dégager les stratégies de mise en valeur : sur quoi insistent-elles ? Quelles sont les attitudes valorisées par le discours ? Dans un second temps, on observera, à partir d’analyses filmiques, si les promesses avancées par ces discours s’avèrent tenues, en d’autres termes on se demandera en quoi ces films répondent ou non aux attentes suscitées par l’encadrement discursif. AbstractIn December 2012, NFB.ca added a channel to its website dedicated to “Human rights.” This channel offers a selection of films pertaining to “the inalienable fundamental rights to which all persons are entitled.” This article consists of an examination of this channel, using as a starting point the assumption that the discursive framework accompanying the channel may influence the way in which the user views the selected films found there. The initial focus falls on the discursive space and identifying therein the strategies that are used to describe the selected films: What do they draw attention to? Which attitudes are emphasized by the discourse? The article then moves to examine, through film analysis, the promises made by these discourses, and whether or not they are fulfilled; we will examine the extent to which the films meet the expectations provoked by the discourses.
Quand le cinéma aut ochtone devient exemplaire : diversité culturelle et patrimoine cinématographique sous les Visions autochtones de l’ONF
Authors: Croteau Stéphanie
Published: May 2015

RésuméLa plateforme web Visions autochtones de l’Office national du film du Canada, inaugurée en 2006 et subventionnée par le Fonds Mémoire canadienne, vise à présenter 64 ans d’histoire du cinéma autochtone produit par l’ONF (de 1940 à 2004), par le biais d’une sélection de 32 films documentaires ayant été choisie par l’institution. Dans cet essai, il s’agira de s’attarder spécifiquement sur la version francophone de cette plateforme (offerte en français et en anglais), d’analyser les extraits audiovisuels mis en valeur par l’Office ainsi que l’encadrement discursif déployé via les articles, résumés de films et documents pédagogiques ayant été mis en ligne sur ce site. On examinera comment les diverses modalités discursives qui traversent Visions autochtones viennent d’une part accompagner ce patrimoine cinématographique, mais aussi—et surtout—le commenter, et d’autre part de quelle manière ce discours vient gérer la « question indienne » subjacente aux films autochtones du Canada.AbstractThe National Film Board of Canada (NFB)’s Aboriginal Perspectives Web platform, launched in 2006 and funded by the Canadian Memory Fund, aims to present 64 years of Aboriginal film history produced by the NFB (from 1940 to 2004), through a selection of 32 documentary films chosen by the institution. This article focuses on the French version of this platform (available in French and English), examining the audio-visual excerpts highlighted by the Office as well as the discursive framework deployed on this site by way of the articles, summaries of films, and educational materials available there. The author reviews not only how the various discursive modalities that exist on the Aboriginal Perspectivesplatform accompany this cinematographic heritage, but also—and especially—how they comment on and deal with the underlying “indigenous issue” within the NFB’s Aboriginal films.
Studying the processes of free-radical oxidation in patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues
Authors: Zakiev T Z , Tuysin S R , Galimov O V , Gil’fanov A R , Sagdeev R D
Published: May 2015

Aim. To study the effects of combined dressings on the processes of free radical oxidation in patients with purulent wounds.Methods. The performance of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of whole blood from 30 healthy donors and 122 patients with purulent wounds, as well as tissue chemiluminescence of festering wounds tissue homogenates were examined before and after the treatment. To assess the free radical oxidation in vitro, spontaneous and zymosan-induced whole blood chemiluminescence measurement, iron-induced chemiluminescence assessment of festering wounds tissue homogenates were performed. The distribution of chemiluminescence parameters compared to normal expected distribution was analyzed to group homogeneity on these criteria.Results. Group of donors was homogeneous in composition that allowed the calculation of mean values. By changing in whole blood chemiluminescence of patients with soft tissue festering wounds, they were allocated to two groups, in which a marked increase or decline of the investigated parameters was seen. Increased luminol-dependent blood chemiluminescence indicates excessive free radicals generation by phagocytes and is characteristic of acute inflammation. Decreased intensity of chemiluminescence was observed in the blood of patients who showed reduced functional activity of phagocytes, which, together with the clinical features indicate a long-term smoldering inflammation. The comparative assessment of «Poliderm», «Voskopran», «Polysorb», «Levomekol» medications, used for local treatment of suppurative wounds, influence on free radical oxidation in model systems in vitro, was performed.Conclusion. There is a triple increase in chemiluminescence intensity in the acute phase of the inflammatory process, marking increased production of reactive oxygen radicals with microbicide activity); in long-term smoldering processes, chemiluminescence decreases by half, indicating reduced efficiency of protective mechanisms
Comparative analysis of conventional and video-assisted surgeries on thyroid and parathyroid glands
Authors: Khasanshin M M
Published: May 2015

Aim. A comparative analysis of conventional and video-assisted operations effectiveness.Methods. The study included 80 patients were operated from 2010 to 2015 for thyroid and parathyroid glands diseases. The first (main) group included 35 patients who underwent video-assisted surgery. The second group (comparison group) included 45 patients who were operated conventionally. Surgery for thyroid gland diseases included hemithyroidectomy, for diseases of the parathyroid glands - parathyroidectomy in patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism and adenoma resection in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.Results. In video-assisted hemithyroidectomy, mean surgery duration was 42.2±3.6 min, compared to 34.4±2.8 min (p=0.086) in conventional method. Recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands were identified in 73% of cases at conventional surgery, compared to 96% at video-assisted hemithyroidectomy (p=0.012). At video-assisted surgeries, no phonation disorders were recorded, while at conventional surgeries they were diagnosed in 7 patients (14.0%, p=0.041). Transient hypocalcemia according to the results of laboratory tests was observed in 1 (3.3%) patients after video-assisted and in 3 (6.0%) patients after conventional surgery (p=0.998). The average length of hospital stay after conventional surgery was 8.1±1.8 days, and after video-assisted surgery - 2.6±1.6 days (p=0.040). Postoperative scar size in the group of video-assisted surgery not exceeded 3 cm, in the group of conventional surgery - up to 7 cm.Conclusion. With proper selection of patients, particularly with parathyroid gland diseases, are video-assisted surgery might be a method of choice. Using video-assisted surgery in treating patients with thyroid gland diseases allows to identify anatomical structures of the neck in detail.
Contour analysis of mammographic images in benign and malignant breast diseases
Authors: Pasynkov D V , Klyushkin I V , Busygina O V
Published: May 2015

Aim. Development and evaluation of the diagnostic value of techniques for quantitative analysis of masses on mammographic images satisfying the requirements of categories 2-4 in BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System - the system for classification and description of breast imaging results of the American College of Radiology).Methods. Images of 375 focal lesions revealed on mammography (211 malignant and 164 benign, all were verified morphologically), satisfying the criteria 2-4 according to BIRADS classification, were analyzed. Mathematical processing was performed using the MammCheck 1.15 software package developed by authors, which uploads the obtained images. Contour, segments of area, peripheral outlines, homogeneity and inner outlines indexes were calculated.Results.The statistical analysis of foci at standard mammography images of BIRADS 2-4 categories revealed no statistically significant difference in all four estimated parameters. When using tomosynthesis images, statistically significant difference was discovered in the outline index in the groups of benign and malignant foci (mean ± standard deviation: 1.73±1.11 vs. 3.11±2.02, respectively, pConclusion. Outline analysis of mammograms, including those obtained using tomosynthesis, does not provide the necessary level of specificity for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant microcalcifications and clusters.
Gender differences in effect of ischemic preconditioning in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Khayrullina S G , Sayfutdinov R G , Maleev M V
Published: May 2015

Aim. To estimate the gender differences in effect of ischemic preconditioning in patients with congestive heart failure.Methods. 80 patients (40 males, 40 females) with congestive heart failure of stages I, IIA and IIB aged 36 to 78 years were examined.Results.Score model for myocardium ischemic preconditioning assessment in patients with congestive heart failure was introduced. The phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning was most often in patients with chronic heart failure stage I compared to stages IIA and IIB (pConclusion. The effect of ischemic preconditioning might be used as one of the factors for myocardial protection at congestive heart failure.
Managing platelets bank in the regional blood supply service
Authors: Zarubin M V , Zaznobov M E , Kurnosov N V , Kaporskaya T S , Kiselev I V , Zhiburt E B
Published: May 2015

Aim. To develop the system of regional management of platelets bank based on the analysis of platelet concentrate supplies to Irkutsk region healthcare facilities.Methods. Irkutsk Regional Blood Transfusion Center expedition service reporting forms, branch statistical reports, accounting records of blood supply service facilities of Irkutsk Region for 2014 were analyzed.Results. To ensure the proper supply of Irkutsk region healthcare facilities with platelet concentrate, the main activities for stock management were determined: (1) key customers interaction management - by exploring the need for platelets and developing a mechanism for request planning for the next 7-9 days; (2) advance request execution - by donor acquisition, platelet concentrate production management, interaction with other institutions of the blood supply service; (3) platelet donation campaign. Regional management system for platelet stock was developed.Conclusion. Regional management system for platelet stock consists of 7 elements: (1) constant interaction with key customers: daily monitoring of healthcare facilities’ needs for platelet concentrate and planned advance requests for platelet concentrates; (2) anticipatory appointments for donors for platelet apheresis; (3) formation of platelet donors registry; (4) providing pediatric dosages of platelet concentrates for pediatric healthcare facilities; (5) combination of different ways of platelet concentrates preparation (production of platelet concentrates recovered from regular blood donors blood allows to create a «safety net» for emergencies); (6) arranging the planned production of platelet concentrates for Irkutsk at the branches of Irkutsk Regional Blood Transfusion Center, as well as in other Irkutsk Region regional blood supply service facilities; (7) promotion of platelet donation in blood supply service facilities.
Major histocompatibility complex genetic variants in potential hematopoietic stem cells donors in Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Burkitbaev Zh K , Raisov S D , Turganbekova A A , Ramil’eva I R , Yakiyaeva D U , Baymukasheva D K , Abdrakhmanova S A , Zhiburt E B
Published: May 2015

Aim. To compare the prevalence of HLA-system antigens genetic variants in potential hematopoietic stem cells donors in Kazakhstan and worldwide.Methods. Prevalence of HLA-antigens genetic variants in blood samples of potential hematopoietic stem cells donors included in hematopoietic stem cells donors register of Kazakhstan was analyzed and compared to a «Allele frequencies in Worldwide populations» database developed by the Royal Liverpool University Hospital.Results. The biggest overlap of Kazakhstan and World registers was seen in the distribution of 31-01 allele: 68 (4.5%) in Kazakhstan register, 1678 (4.63%) worldwide; odds ratio (OR) = 0.97 (0.76 to 1.24), F=0.851441, χ2=0.06. The biggest difference between the two registers was found in the distribution of locus A antigens: A 02-01 (χ2=24.59), A 02-07 (χ2=24.42), A 32-01 (χ2=27.1), A 02-37 (χ2=23.96), A 11-38 (χ2=3.96). In locus B alleles, the biggest overlap between the two comparison groups was in В 14:02 allele: Kazakhstan register - 31 (2.05%), worldwide register - 757 (2.01%) [OR=1.02 (0.71 to 1.47), F=0.851990, χ2=0.01], followed by 38:02 (χ2=0.02), 44:05 (χ2=0.03), in 27:07 (χ2=0.04), 54:01 (χ2=0.07). The biggest difference between the two registers was in 13:02 (χ2=256.9), 08:01 (χ2=26.92) locus B alleles. Distribution of locus C alleles was discovered to have the biggest statistical similarity of two registers provided by C 07:01 (χ2=0.07), 08:02 (χ2=0.15), 15:02 (χ2=0.23) 12:03 (χ2=0.76). The biggest difference in the distribution of locus C alleles between the two registers was in 06:02 (χ2=125.78) and C 03:02 (χ2=103.64).Conclusion. The overlap of HLA-antigens genetic variants distribution in Kazakhstan and global registers varies from 41 to 52% by loci (locus A - 50%, B - 52%, C - 48%, DRB1 - 51%, DQB1 - 41%, mean 48.4%, median 50%). Kazakhstan register contains information on unique HLA-antigens genetic variants not included in the general database, manifesting the need for national register development and its integration into the «Allele frequencies in Worldwide populations» register.
Thrombocytopenia after autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Protopopova E B , Mochkin N E , Sultanbaev U S , Mel’nichenko V Ya , Shestakov E A , Zhiburt E B
Published: May 2015

Aim. Characteristics of thrombocytopenia and finding ways of predicting platelet transfusions at autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic and autoimmune diseases. Methods. Thrombocytopenia period after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with autoimmune (group I, n=87) and hematological (group II, n=82) diseases was evaluated. Results. It was revealed that in patients with hematological oncologic diseases platelet count before the transplantation and on the first day after it is connected with the length of thrombocytopenia and the number of transfused platelets units. In patients with autoimmune diseases, low platelet count on the first day after transplantation might be used as a predictor for the transfusion risk. Day of thrombocytopenia onset is predictive of its duration and the need for blood components. In patients with hematological oncologic diseases, severe thrombocytopenia at day 14 before the transfusion is associated with further transfusion of 3 or more units of platelets. Platelet count at the first day after the transfusion is related to the number of platelet units transfused and thrombocytopenia duration. Onset of thrombocytopenia with platelet count lower than 20 and 10×109/L is predictive of its duration and the need for blood components. In patients with hematological oncologic diseases, early onset of thrombocytopenia is associated with further transfusion of larger doses of platelets. Conclusion. The revealed differences may be used as the criteria for predicting platelet transfusions in patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Distribution of blood groups among the donors of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Belopukhov V M , Turaev R G , Bel’skaya E E , Gadyl’shina R S , Gimatdinova N S
Published: May 2015

Aim. To study the peculiarities of AB0, Rh and Kell blood group distribution in donors of the Republic of Tatarstan in detail.Methods. Blood samples of 180 279 donors of blood components (erythrocytes, platelets, serum) donated form 2008 to 2014 both in hospital and mobile settings were analyzed. The material for the study was the blood donors of blood components (red blood cells, plasma and platelets) for the period 2008-2014, the city, donated blood, both in stationary and in exit conditions. Typing erythrocyte antigens for AB0, Rh and Kell systems was performed using «Scangel» gel technology by «Hemos SP II» and IH-1000 immunohematologic analyzers using the diagnostic card produced by «Bio-Rad laboratories», as well as by microtray method on «Galileo Neo» automated scanner, and on plate by anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-A1, anti-C, anti-Cw, anti-c, anti-D, anti-E anti-e and anti-Kell monoclonal reagents produced by «LLC Gematolog» (Moscow), LLC «Mediklon» (St. Petersburg), «ImuMed» (Germany). AB0 blood group was also determined by the cross method using own-produced AB0 standard isohemagglutinating sera and AB0 standard red blood cells. Rhesus blood group was also determined by own-produced universal a-D, a-DC reagent, used to identify Du gel cards produced by «Bio-Rad laboratories», «Grifols» were used for Du detection. Statistical analysis was performed and the data were obtained using the automated information system for Transfusions management, installed in the Republican Blood Centre in 2008.Results. Analysis of AB0 system blood groups distribution in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that blood group 0 (I) was the most common - 33.7%, 31.1% donors had A (II) blood group, 23.7% donors - B (III) group, 11.5% - AB0 (IV) group. Anti-A1 irregular agglutinin was found in 5 (0.57%) out of 878 donors with A2 (II) group, and in 53 (12.4%) of 428 A2B (IV) donors. The shares of Rh (D)-positive and Rh (D)-negative donors (87.4 and 12.6%, respectively), was revealed. Rh-positive donors included donors having antigen phenotypes C, E, and Du.Conclusion. Formation and completion of a serologically tested donor’s database in the Republic of Tatarstan is required to compile the gene geographic map of the region.
Blood and blood components preparation, storage and supply during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Turaev R G , Khasanova G R , Klyushkin I V , Boykova O V
Published: May 2015

During the Great Patriotic War, work of health workers not only in frontline medical institutions of different levels, but also directly on the battlefield was invaluable. Sanitary losses, especially among combat medics taking the wounded from the battlefield, were the most crucial. During the war, military hospitals were established throughout the territory of the USSR where over 22 million of wounded were treated. 85% of them returned to the Army. The role of blood transfusion stations staff who supplied front and rear medical facilities by blood and its components is invaluable. The objective of the article - to illustrate the role and importance of medical service and its part - medical institutions dealing with blood and blood components collection, storage, processing and supply to military units, hospital, performing transfusions for the wounded. Archival materials and statistical data gained from various publications, wartime and postwar, were used. The gained data confirm the invaluable role of these services in providing medical aid to the wounded and the sick during the Great Patriotic War, as well as describe reorganization and flexible tactics of the blood service staff in accordance with the Great Patriotic War periods in supplying medical service with blood and its components. Blood service staff training and management measures allowed to uninterrupted supply front and rear medical institutions with blood. Blood service in different periods of the Great Patriotic War had undergone significant management changes in the section of the donation, processing and supply of medical facilities with blood, enabling to attract huge crowds of people in the USSR to donate blood, to ensure an uninterrupted, adequate supply of troops with blood.