bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Aspirin and Naproxen against TMPRSS2-ERG (Fusion)-Driven and Non-Fusion-Driven Prostate Cancer
Authors: Raina Komal , Kandhari Kushal , Kant Rama , Prasad Ram Raj , Mishra Neha , Maurya Akhilendra K. , Fox Jennifer T. , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Bosland Maarten C. , Maroni Paul , Agarwal Chapla , Agarwal Rajesh
Published: October 2023

The consumption of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) aspirin is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-positive prostate cancer (PCa) compared to fusion-negative PCa in population-based case–control studies; however, no extensive preclinical studies have been conducted to investigate and confirm these protective benefits. Thus, the focus of this study was to determine the potential usefulness of aspirin and another NSAID, naproxen, in PCa prevention, employing preclinical models of both TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven (with conditional deletion of Pten) and non-TMPRSS2-ERG-driven (Hi-Myc+/− mice) PCa. Male mice (n = 25 mice/group) were fed aspirin- (700 and 1400 ppm) and naproxen- (200 and 400 ppm) supplemented diets from (a) 6 weeks until 32 weeks of Hi-Myc+/− mice age; and (b) 1 week until 20 weeks post-Cre induction in the fusion model. In all NSAID-fed groups, compared to no-drug controls, there was a significant decrease in higher-grade adenocarcinoma incidence in the TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven PCa model. Notably, there were no moderately differentiated (MD) adenocarcinomas in the dorsolateral prostate of naproxen groups, and its incidence also decreased by ~79–91% in the aspirin cohorts. In contrast, NSAIDs showed little protective effect against prostate tumorigenesis in Hi-Myc+/− mice, suggesting that NSAIDs exert a specific protective effect against TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven PCa.
Unraveling the Bone Tissue Microenvironment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Giannoni Paolo , Marini Cecilia , Cutrona Giovanna , Sambuceti Gian Mario , Fais Franco , de Totero Daniela
Published: October 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemia in Western countries. Although characterized by the progressive expansion and accumulation of leukemic B cells in peripheral blood, CLL cells develop in protective niches mainly located within lymph nodes and bone marrow. Multiple interactions between CLL and microenvironmental cells may favor the expansion of a B cell clone, further driving immune cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Here, we summarize the current understanding of bone tissue alterations in CLL patients, further addressing and suggesting how the multiple interactions between CLL cells and osteoblasts/osteoclasts can be involved in these processes. Recent findings proposing the disruption of the endosteal niche by the expansion of a leukemic B cell clone appear to be a novel field of research to be deeply investigated and potentially relevant to provide new therapeutic approaches.
Tumor Testing and Genetic Analysis to Identify Lynch Syndrome Patients in an Italian Colorectal Cancer Cohort
Authors: Pantaleo Antonino , Forte Giovanna , Cariola Filomena , Valentini Anna Maria , Fasano Candida , Sanese Paola , Grossi Valentina , Buonadonna Antonia Lucia , De Marco Katia , Lepore Signorile Martina , Guglielmi Anna Filomena , Manghisi Andrea , Gigante Gianluigi , Armentano Raffaele , Disciglio Vittoria , Simone Cristiano
Published: October 2023

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome caused by germline mutations in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene or in the EPCAM gene. LS is associated with an increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other malignancies. The screening algorithm for LS patient selection is based on the identification of CRC specimens that have MMR loss/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and are wild-type for BRAFV600. Here, we sought to clinically and molecularly characterize patients with these features. From 2017 to 2023, 841 CRC patients were evaluated for MSI and BRAFV600E mutation status, 100 of which showed MSI-H. Of these, 70 were wild-type for BRAFV600. Among these 70 patients, 30 were genetically tested for germline variants in hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome genes. This analysis showed that 19 of these 30 patients (63.3%) harbored a germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in MMR genes, 2 (6.7%) harbored a variant of unknown significance (VUS) in MMR genes, 3 (10%) harbored a VUS in other cancer-related genes, and 6 (20%) were negative to genetic testing. These findings highlight the importance of personalized medicine for tailored genetic counseling, management, and surveillance of families with LS and other hereditary cancer syndromes.
Size-Independent Flexure Test Technique for the Mechanical Properties of Geocomposites Reinforced by Unidirectional Fibers
Authors: Tran Doan Hung , Kroisova Dora , Bortnovsky Oleg
Published: October 2023

In assessing the bending attributes for geopolymer composites augmented with uni-directional fibers, methodologies aligned with the established American and European standards yield quantifiable values for flexural strength, denoted as σm*, and its corresponding elasticity modulus, E*. Notably, these values exhibit a pronounced dependency on the size of the testing parameters. Specifically, within a judicious range of support span L relative to specimen height H, spanning a ratio of 10 to 40, these metrics can vary by a factor between 2 and 4. By conducting evaluations across an extensive array of H/L ratios and adhering to the protocols set for comparable composites with a plastic matrix, it becomes feasible to determine the definitive flexural elastic modulus E and shear modulus G, both of which can be viewed as size-neutral material traits. A parallel methodology can be employed to deduce size-agnostic values for flexural strength, σm. The established linear relationship between the inverse practical value E* (1/E*) and the squared ratio (H/L)2 is acknowledged. However, a congruent 1/σm* relationship has been recently corroborated experimentally, aligning primarily with Tarnopolsky’s theoretical propositions. The parameter T, defined as the inverse gradient of 1/σm* about (H/L)2, is integral to these findings. Furthermore, the significance of the loading displacement rate is underscored, necessitating a tailored consideration for different scenarios.
Method Comparison for the Identification and Characterization of Odorants from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) Made Thereof by GC-MS and GC-FID/O Using Different Headspace Techniques
Authors: Schierer Valentin , Rieder-Gradinger Cornelia , Rosenberg Erwin
Published: October 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood and wood composites are important contributors to odor profiles of indoor environments and can significantly influence human health and well-being. GC-MS/FID and gas chromatography (GC) with olfactometric detection (GC-O) are employed for the identification and characterization of odorants. Four different sample preparation methods are evaluated on wood strands and isocyanate adhesive–based oriented strand boards (OSBs) made from Pinus sylvestris L.: among these, dynamic headspace extraction thermal desorption ((dynamic) HS-TD), head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), head space solid phase microextraction Arrow (HS-SPME Arrow), and liquid injection of a CH2Cl2 solvent extract. The olfactometric investigation revealed over 30 odor-active substances of cyclic and acyclic monoterpene, monoterpenoid ketone, monoterpenoid aldehyde, monoterpenoid alcohol, monoterpenoid ester, aliphatic aldehyde, alcohol, and acid and phenolic chemistry. Compared to liquid injection, (dynamic) HS-TD was found to result in a similar number of odorants (20 vs. 24), whereas HS SPME Arrow shows good performance with minimal instrumental effort, notably for monoterpene and aldehyde compounds. Native wood vs. OSB showed high concentrations of saturated and unsaturated aldehydes for the wood board sample. These findings demonstrate the capability of headspace methods for odorant detection and their suitability for standardization towards a database for wood and wood composites.
Authentication of Roasted Coffee Beans via LIBS: Statistical Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Alkallas Fatemah H. , Mostafa Ayman M. , Rashed Effat A. , Trabelsi Amira Ben Gouider , Essawy M. A. I. , Rezk Reham A.
Published: October 2023

Great efforts are constantly being made by industry-specific coffee agencies to standardize the certification of coffee quality. In consequence, international trade requires quick and reliable analyses because of their high cost, the risk of misclassification, the difficulty of large-scale analysis, and, most importantly, the subjectivity generated by tasters. A powerful analytical method that can be used to accurately evaluate and identify coffee varieties is Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). In this study, it provided a quick, cost-effective, and residue-free method commonly used in laboratories for direct analysis, determining multi-elemental composition, and exploring the organic composition of roasted coffee. The mineral composition of eight varieties of pure roasted coffee was determined using a pulsed nanosecond laser produced from a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. The most important spectral variables for coffee variety identification were sequestered using LIBS coupled with a chemometric-tool-based principal component analysis (PCA). The nine main wavelengths chosen corresponded to the elements of C(I), Mg(II, I), Ca(II), Fe(I), K(I), H(I), and O(I), in addition to the CN group. The overall findings indicated that using LIBS to identify coffee varieties is feasible based on a simple, quick, and eco-friendly strategy without the requirement for complex preparation or wasting time in preparation. Such studies can help to protect the coffee market and businesses by certifying product quality. Using LIBS and full statistical illustrations with PCA, the prevention of unfair competition, protection of consumers, and determination of coffee quality can be achieved.
The Tribological Properties of Low-Sulfur and Low-Phosphorus Halogen-Free Ionic Liquids as Lubricants for the Nickel-Based Alloy Inconel 690
Authors: Guo Bian , Liu Mengnan , Li Yan , Zheng Jianming , Li Xubo , Peng Chao , Jing Zhangshuai , Li Feizhou , Yu Qiangliang
Published: October 2023

In this study, we synthesized three low-sulfur and low-phosphorus ionic liquids (ILs). These were N88816P8, P88816P8, and P88816DOSS. The viscosity and thermal stability of the three ILs were analyzed. The tribological properties and lubrication mechanisms of the three ILs were investigated as lubricants for a carbide ball–Inconel 690 nickel-based alloy friction pair and compared at 50 °C and 150 °C. The wear spots of the carbide ball and nickel-based alloy disc samples were characterized using SEM and EDS. The experimental results revealed that P88816P8 had excellent tribological properties. The lubrication mechanism of P88816P8 as a lubricant for the carbide ball–Inconel 690 nickel-based alloy friction pair was investigated using XPS. The excellent friction reduction and anti-wear properties of P88816P8 could be attributed to the tribo-chemistry between P88816P8 and Inconel 690 as well as the formation of a tribo-film on the wear-spot surface. This high-performance IL, suitable for carbide ball–Inconel 690 contact, will be applied to a cutting process of Inconel 690.
Highly Improved PID Stability for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Modules Due to a Filled P1 Groove
Authors: Salomon Oliver , Lotter Erwin , Becker Jan-Philipp
Published: October 2023

Two types of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar modules, differing only in the patterning procedures, were exposed to a high voltage (1 kV) across the thickness of the soda-lime glass substrate. Both module types utilized a cell stack, and in particular, a molybdenum back contact, which was optimized for CIGS solar cells with enhanced stability against potential-induced degradation (PID). A standard module with regular patterning lines for monolithic interconnection consists of P1, P2, and P3 lines, with P1 separating the back contact, P2 establishing the contact between the front contact TCO of one cell to the Mo back contact of the next cell, and P3 isolating the front contact from one cell to the next cell. However, modules employing this cell stack with regular patterning lines P1, P2, and P3 suffered considerably from PID while modules with a P1 groove filled with an insulator showed greatly enhanced stability similar to the pure single cell without P1 patterning. PID manifests once a specific quantity of charge has been transmitted through the soda-lime glass substrate, while the molybdenum back contact of the cell functions as the cathode, maintaining a negative bias relative to the substrate’s backside. As a consequence of PID, sodium is increased in the adsorber for susceptible cells. Therefore, inhibiting sodium transport through the P1 groove by filling it with an insulating material enhances the PID stability of the modules considerably. As a result, the modules with a filled P1 groove showed similar stability to the single solar cells with an improved PID stable cell stack, while modules without a filled P1 patterning were much more susceptible to PID, although a cell stack with greatly enhanced PID stability was used. In summary, the presented strategy to fill the P1 groove offers a viable and novel path to improved PID stability of CIGS modules.
Controlled Cavity Length and Wide-Spectrum Lasing in FAMACsPb(BrI)3 Ternary Perovskite Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with an All-Dielectric Dielectric Bragg Reflector
Authors: Lin Chiao-Chih , Chan Pei-Wen , Chen Peter , Wu Zong , Hsu Hsu-Cheng , Lai Wei-Chih , Chou Yu-Hsun
Published: October 2023

In this study, we utilized a dielectric Bragg reflector (DBR) as a mirror and positioned a wide-spectrum FAMACsPb(BrI)3 halide perovskite film between two DBRs to construct a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure. The top and bottom DBRs were connected using optical adhesive, allowing us to control the cavity length by applying external force. Through this approach, we achieved operation at the desired wavelength. Due to the exceptional optical gain provided by FAMACsPb(BrI)3, we successfully observed multimode and lasing phenomena at room temperature under continuous-wave (CW) laser excitation. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for the application of novel VCSEL structures and highlight the potential of using FAMACsPb(BrI)3 halide perovskites in optical gain. This work holds significant implications for the fields of optical communication and laser technology.
Toxicities and Quality of Life during Cancer Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Lee Eun Mi , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Galán-Moral Rocio , Coca-Membribes Sara , Fernández-Montes Ana , Sorribes Elena , García-Torralba Esmeralda , Puntí-Brun Laura , Gil-Raga Mireia , Cano-Cano Juana , Calderon Caterina
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to identify subgroups of advanced cancer patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities as reported by their oncologists as well as identify the demographic, clinical, and treatment symptom characteristics as well as QoL outcomes associated with distinct profiles of each patient. A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted with advanced cancer patients of 15 different hospitals across Spain. After three months of systemic cancer treatment, participants completed questionnaires that evaluated psychological distress (BSI-18), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) and fatigue (FAS). The most common tumor sites for the 557 cancer patients with a mean age of 65 years were bronchopulmonary, digestive, and pancreas. Overall, 19% of patients experienced high-grade toxicities (grade 3–4) during treatment. Patients with recurrent advanced cancer, with non-adenocarcinoma cancer, undergoing chemotherapy, and a showing deteriorated baseline status (ECOG > 1) were more likely to experience higher toxicity. Patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities during cancer treatment had their treatment suspended in 59% of the cases. Additionally, 87% of the patients had a dose adjustment or a cycle delayed in their treatment due to a high risk of dying during treatment. Future research should focus on identifying interventions to reduce high-grade toxicities and improve quality of life in cancer patients.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma Predicts Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Kurklu Haci Ali , Tan Turkan Seda , Ozyuncu Nil , Baskovski Emir , Ozdol Cagdas
Published: October 2023

Aims: Chronic coronary syndrome is associated with several risk factors, such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been demonstrated to be a biochemical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to determine whether the AIP is an effective parameter for estimating obstructive CAD. Methods and Results: A total of 345 patients (with a mean age of 62.2 ± 10.3; 63% male) who underwent coronary angiography were included in this study. Obstructive CAD is defined as having one or more vessels with a stenosis level of ≥50%. Depending on the presence of obstructive CAD, all patients were divided into two groups. The mean AIP value was found to be 0.538 ± 0.26 in the study group. The AIP values were significantly higher in the obstructive coronary artery group (AIP; 0.49 ± 0.26 vs. 0.58 ± 0.27, p = 0.002). According to a univariable analysis, AIP values were significantly associated with obstructive coronary artery disease [OR: 3.74 (CI 95% 1.62–8.64), p = 0.020]. The AIP was further adjusted for confounding risk factors in three multivariable analysis models and, all three models showed a significant association. According to an ROC analysis, 0.49 is the cut-off value for AIP, and a value above 0.49 indicates 50% coronary artpery stenosis. Conclusions: The AIP may be used in the assessment of cardiovascular risk for patients with stable angina pectoris, and it may also be used to estimate obstructive CAD.
Incidental Diagnosis of Rheumatic Myocarditis during Cardiac Surgery—Impact on Late Prognosis
Authors: Vieira Paulo , Pereira Rodrigo , Branco Carlos , Rosa Vitor , Vieira Marcelo , Demarchi Lea , Silva Livia , Guilherme Luiza , Tarasoutchi Flavio , Sampaio Roney
Published: October 2023

Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are still highly prevalent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. RHD is a neglected and underdiagnosed disease for which no specific laboratory diagnostic test is completely reliable. This is a retrospective observational study, which included 118 patients with RHD who underwent cardiac surgery from 1985 to 2018. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, echocardiographic and pathological characteristics in two cohorts of RHD patients: one cohort with Aschoff bodies present in their pathological results and the other without such histopathological characteristics. No conventional clinical and laboratory tests for RHD myocarditis were able to identify active carditis during the preoperative phase of valve repair or replacement. Patients who had Aschoff bodies in their pathological results were younger (median age of 13 years (11–24 years) vs. 27 years (17–37 years), p = 0.001) and had higher rate of late mortality (22.9% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.043). In conclusion, the presence of Aschoff bodies in pathological findings may predict increased long-term mortality, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive pathology analysis for suspected myocarditis during heart surgery.
Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI) among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Papadopoulos Angelos , Fouska Stefania , Tafiadis Dionysios , Trimmis Nikolaos , Plotas Panagiotis , Siafaka Vassiliki
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: This study aimed to validate the Greek version of the Autism Parenting Stress Index (APSI) among parents of children with ASD. (2) Methods: The translated version was administered to 113 parents (Male: 12, Female: 101, 39.24 years old, SD 6.70, age range, 25–58) of children diagnosed with ASD and 127 parents (Male: 24, Female: 103, 41.08 years old, SD 6.22, age range: 27–56) of typically developing children. (3) Results: Significant differences between the APSI total scores and three domains between groups were observed. Although the initial factor structure could not be replicated, the APSI’s internal consistency was excellent (a = 0.914), with a high positive item–total correlation (0.900–0.917). The APSI’s test–retest reliability was excellent, showing an ICC equal to 0.922 [95%, CI: 0.900–0.940]. The APSI’s total score cut-off point was equal to 12.00 (AUC 0.845, p < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 0.839 and 1-specificity of 0.220. A principal component analysis of the 13 items, using varimax rotations, identified three factors, which explained approximately 45.8% of the overall variance. (4) Conclusions: The Greek version of the APSI exhibited discriminant validity for measuring parents of children with ASD. Greek health professionals can use it to assess the stress experienced by parents of children with ASD.
Simulation Research on the Relationship between Selected Inconsistency Indices Used in AHP
Authors: Starczewski Tomasz
Published: October 2023

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a widely used used multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM). This method is based on pairwise comparison, which forms the so-called Pairwise Comparison Matrix (PCM). PCMs usually contain some errors, which can have an influence on the eventual results. In order to avoid incorrect values of priorities, the inconsistency index (ICI) has been introduced in the AHP by Saaty. However, the user of the AHP can encounter many definitions of ICIs, of which values are usually different. Nevertheless, a lot of these indices are based on a similar idea. The values of some pairs of these indices are characterized by high values of a correlation coefficient. In my work, I present some results of Monte Carlo simulation, which allow us to observe the dependencies in AHP. I select some pairs of ICIs and I evaluate values of the Pearson correlation coefficient for them. The results are compared with some scatter plots that show the type of dependencies between selected ICIs. The presented research shows some pairs of indices are closely correlated so that they can be used interchangeably.
From Prediction to Prevention: Leveraging Deep Learning in Traffic Accident Prediction Systems
Authors: Jin Zhixiong , Noh Byeongjoon
Published: October 2023

We propose a novel system leveraging deep learning-based methods to predict urban traffic accidents and estimate their severity. The major challenge is the data imbalance problem in traffic accident prediction. The problem is caused by numerous zero values in the dataset due to the rarity of traffic accidents. To address the issue, we propose a grid-clustered feature map with the ideas of grids and cells. To predict the occurrence of accidents in the grid, we introduce an accident detector that combines the power of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Deep Neural Network (DNN). Then, hierarchical DNNs are supposed to be an accident risk classifier to estimate the risk of each cell in the accident-occurrence grid. The proposed system can effectively reduce instances with no traffic accidents. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of the Accident Risk Index (ARI) to better represent the severity of risk at each cell. Also, we consider all the explanatory variables, such as dangerous driving behaviors, traffic mobility, and safety facility information, that can be related to traffic accidents. To improve the prediction accuracy, we further take into consideration all the explanatory variables, such as dangerous driving behaviors, traffic mobility, and safety facility information, that can be related to traffic accidents. In the experiment, we highlight the benefits of our method for urban traffic accident management by significantly improving model performance compared to the baselines. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed system are validated in the data of Daejeon City, Republic of Korea. The proposed prediction system can dynamically advise and recommend commuters, traffic management systems, and city planners on alternatives, optimizations, and interventions.
Development of an Electric All-Wheel-Drive Simulation Model Used to Test Torque Distribution Algorithms
Authors: Zavatsky Alexander , Keller Andrey , Shadrin Sergey , Makarova Daria , Furletov Yury
Published: October 2023

The paper describes the developed curvilinear motion simulation model for a vehicle with two traction electric motors moving on a solid surface used to study the dynamic properties of a wheeled vehicle and to subject the developed methods to virtual testing. The simulation model of the electric all-wheel drive vehicle is carried out in the Simcenter Amesim environment to account for the dynamic characteristics and features of the vehicle. The simulation model was developed based on the drawn requirements while the assumptions were justified. Inertia characteristics, tire characteristics, suspension elements, grip characteristics, and surface and air resistance were considered, as these factors affect the vehicle longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The article presents the model implemented in the “Labcar” system and confirms its adequacy by comparing it with the data obtained during the full-scale prototype tests. The bench and range tests of a test vehicle with electric transmission equipped with a measuring complex confirmed the adequacy of the developed model. The results of comparative tests allow for the conclusion that the developed model complex is suitable for modeling purposes, including studying, debugging and initial calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution on the driving axles of all-wheel drive electric vehicle.
Study on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of 25 kW Flameless Combustion in a Cylindrical Heat Exchanger for a Reforming Processor
Authors: Zhu Ruiqi , Shin Donghoon
Published: October 2023

Flameless combustion has advantages such as low pollution and uniform temperature in the combustion chamber, making it an excellent option for heat exchangers. Previous studies have focused solely on the flameless combustion phenomenon, without considering its interaction with the target being heated. In this study, we conducted experimental and computational fluid analyses on a cylindrical reformer for reverse air injection flameless combustion. Typically, small-scale reformers of 10 kW or less are coaxial triple-tube cylindrical reformers. In contrast, multitubular reformers are used for larger-scale applications, since the heat transfer rate in single-burner cylindrical reformers decreases sharply as the scale increases. Flameless combustion, with high heat transfer efficiency, helps overcome the limitation of premixed burner. Compared with conventional premixed burners, flameless burner decreases the combustion gas outlet temperature by 30% at 25 kW while reducing energy consumption by 24% (owing to the high heat transfer rate) for a given cooling fluid outlet temperature. Furthermore, it is shown that introducing a ring at the combustion chamber exit can enhance combustion gas recirculation. The experimental result was confirmed through computational fluid analysis. It is concluded that for reverse air injection flameless combustion, the combustion gas recirculation rate in the combustion chamber is strongly related to the heat transfer.
Feasibility Study for the Implementation of Photovoltaic Panels in Public Transportation in Barranquilla
Authors: Pedraza-Yepes Cristian Antonio , Berdugo-Rolong Kevin Enrique , Ruiz-Muñoz Daniel Eduardo , Higuera-Cobos Oscar Fabián , Hernández-Vásquez José Daniel
Published: October 2023

The conservation of the environment and the use of clean energy is one of the main concerns of international governments. In this sense, encouraging the use of clean energy, both locally, nationally, and internationally, contributes to the development of countries. In this order of ideas, this work was motivated with the purpose of contributing to the scope of the SDGs at the national level, specifically, in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia). The thermal sensation inside the public transport in Barranquilla limits the quality of the service and, consequently, the satisfaction of the users due to the high temperatures (T > 30 °C). To address this problem, it is necessary to implement air conditioning systems that improve comfort conditions and are friendly to the environment. In this study, the feasibility of implementing photovoltaic panels as an alternative energy source for air conditioning units in public transport was examined. The study began with the dimensioning of the photovoltaic system and the accumulation of energy. A stress analysis was then performed on the chassis and bodywork of a selected bus. Finally, the work was evaluated based on the results obtained from the dimensioning of the mentioned systems. The results confirmed that a photovoltaic generator with a power of 35.88 kW and an energy storage capacity of 481,204 Ah is required. Additionally, the results also confirmed that the chassis and bodywork are structurally sound. The economic analysis carried out confirmed a Net Present Value and an Internal Rate of Return of 22,936 USD and 11.05%, respectively. The energy alternative proposed for the transport sector, based on the application of photovoltaic energy, constitutes an advance to meet international objectives in relation to the use of clean energy.
Modeling of the Battery Pack and Battery Management System towards an Integrated Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Mawuntu Nadya Novarizka , Mu Bao-Qi , Doukhi Oualid , Lee Deok-Jin
Published: October 2023

The transportation sector is under increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by decarbonizing its operations. One prominent solution that has emerged is the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). As the electric vehicles market experiences rapid growth, the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LiB) has become the predominant choice for energy storage. However, it is important to note that lithium-ion battery technology is sensitive to factors, like excessive voltage and temperature. Therefore, the development of an accurate battery model and a reliable state of charge (SOC) estimator is crucial to safeguard against the overcharging and over-discharging of the battery. Numerous studies have been conducted to address lithium-ion battery cell modeling and SOC estimations. These studies have explored variations in the number of RC networks within the model and different estimation methods. However, it is worth mentioning that the capacity of a single lithium-ion battery cell is relatively low and cannot be directly employed in electric vehicles. To meet the total capacity and voltage requirements for electric vehicles, multiple cells are typically connected in series or parallel configurations to form a battery pack. Surprisingly, this aspect has often been overlooked in previous research. To tackle this overlooked challenge, our study introduces a comprehensive battery pack model and an advanced Battery Management System (BMS). We then integrate these components into an electric vehicle model. Subsequently, we simulate the integrated EV-BMS model under the conditions of four different urban driving scenarios to replicate real-world driving conditions. The BMS that we have developed includes an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based SOC estimation system, a mechanism for controlling coolant flow, and a passive cell-balancing algorithm. These components work together to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery pack within the electric vehicles.
Saccharification of Agricultural Wastes and Clarification of Orange Juice by Penicillium rolfsii CCMB 714 Pectinase
Authors: Macedo Kelly Menezes , Azevedo Raquel Araújo , da Silva Erik Galvão Paranhos , das Chagas Thiago Pereira , Salay Luiz Carlos , Uetanabaro Ana Paula Trovatti , Aguiar-Oliveira Elizama , da Costa Andréa Miura
Published: October 2023

Pectinases are enzymes used in several industrial processes. Seven agroindustrial wastes—jackfruit seed meal (Artocarpus heterophyllus), cocoa seed peel (Theobroma cacao), cocoa husks (Theobroma cacao), passion fruit husks (Passiflora edulis), mangosteen husks (Garcinia mangostana), malt residue (Hordeum vulgare) and the peach palm waste (Bactris gasipaes Kunth.)—were evaluated to produce a crude extract containing pectinase activity by Penicillium rolfsii CCMB 714. The jackfruit seed meal was chosen as the best substrate for solid-state fermentation, which was optimized with 4 mL of water as a wetting agent for 2 days at 35 °C and with a 0.5% nitrogen source, whereby the pectinase production increased by 44% (362.09 U/g). The obtained crude extract was characterized and applied to wastes saccharification and orange juice clarification. The pectinase showed better activity at a pH of 3.0 to 5.0 and 55 °C, it stably maintained over 80% of activity at 30–50 °C for up to 60 min and 1 mM CuSO4 increased the pectinase activity by 17%. The saccharification of agroindustrial wastes (cocoa husks, mangosteen husks and passion fruit husks) resulted in 126.55 µmol/mL of reducing sugars from passion fruit husks, which represents an increase of 126% after optimization (45 °C for 22 h). For the clarification of orange juice, it was possible to reduce the absorbance of the juice by 55%. These results elucidate the potential of the low-cost pectinase solution from P. rolfsii CCMB 714 cultivated in jackfruit seed meal for both the enzymatic pretreatment of plant biomass and the application in beverage industries.
Towards an Optimal Cloud-Based Resource Management Framework for Next-Generation Internet with Multi-Slice Capabilities
Authors: AlQahtani Salman Ali
Published: October 2023

With the advent of 5G networks, the demand for improved mobile broadband, massive machine-type communication, and ultra-reliable, low-latency communication has surged, enabling a wide array of new applications. A key enabling technology in 5G networks is network slicing, which allows the creation of multiple virtual networks to support various use cases on a unified physical network. However, the limited availability of radio resources in the 5G cloud-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) and the ever-increasing data traffic volume necessitate efficient resource allocation algorithms to ensure quality of service (QoS) for each network slice. This paper proposes an Adaptive Slice Allocation (ASA) mechanism for the 5G C-RAN, designed to dynamically allocate resources and adapt to changing network conditions and traffic delay tolerances. The ASA system incorporates slice admission control and dynamic resource allocation to maximize network resource efficiency while meeting the QoS requirements of each slice. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the ASA system’s performance in terms of resource consumption, average waiting time, and total blocking probability. Comparative analysis with a popular static slice allocation (SSA) approach demonstrates the superiority of the ASA system in achieving a balanced utilization of system resources, maintaining slice isolation, and provisioning QoS. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed ASA mechanism in optimizing future internet connectivity within the context of 5G C-RAN, paving the way for enhanced network performance and improved user experiences.
Data-Driven Prediction Methods for Real-Time Indoor Fire Scenario Inferences
Authors: Zhang Lu , Mo Like , Fan Cheng , Zhou Haijun , Zhao Yangping
Published: October 2023

High temperatures, toxic gases, and smoke resulting from indoor fires pose evident threats to the lives of both trapped individuals and firefighters. This study aims to predict indoor fire development effectively, facilitating rapid rescue decisions and minimizing casualties and property damage. A comprehensive database has been developed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, primarily focused on basic fire scenarios. A total of 300 indoor fire scenarios have been simulated for different fire locations and severity levels. Using fire databases developed from simulation tools, artificial intelligence models have been developed to make spatial–temporal inferences on indoor temperature, CO concentration, and visibility. Detailed analysis has been conducted to optimize sensor system layouts while investigating the variations in prediction accuracy according to different prediction horizons. The research results show that, in combination with artificial intelligence models, the optimized sensor system can accurately predict temperature distribution, CO concentration, and visibility, achieving R2 values of 91%, 72%, and 83%, respectively, while reducing initial hardware costs. The research results confirm the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting indoor fire scenarios and providing practical guidelines for smart firefighting. However, it is important to note that this study has certain limitations, including the scope of fire scenarios, data availability, and model generalization and interpretability.
Assessing Carbon Emissions from Biomass Burning in Croplands in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Bougma Pawend-taoré Christian , Bondé Loyapin , Yaro Valaire Séraphin Ouehoudja , Gebremichael Amanuel Woldeselassie , Ouédraogo Oumarou
Published: October 2023

Agricultural biomass burning plays a critical role in carbon emissions, with implications for climate change. This study aims to assess carbon (C) emissions and establish C, CO, CO2 and CH4 emission factors (EFs) by simultaneously testing the effects of climatic conditions and cropland category on gas emissions. In Burkina Faso, 96 experimental fires were conducted in accordance with farmers’ operations during the land-clearing season in two climatic zones (Sudanian and Sudano-Sahelian) and across two cropland categories (Cropland Remaining Cropland (CC) and Land Converted to Cropland (LC)). The carbon mass balance technique was applied to estimate emissions. Climate zone and cropland category significantly influenced carbon emissions and emission factors (p < 0.05). The Sudanian zone recorded the highest carbon emissions (0.24 ± 0.01 t C ha−1). For cropland category, LC recorded the highest carbon emissions with an average value of 0.27 ± 0.01 t C ha−1. CO2 EFs ranged from 1661.44 ± 3.63 g kg−1 in the Sudanian zone to 1716.51 ± 3.24 g kg−1 in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. EFs showed a dependence on the cropland category, with the highest EFs in CC. Smart agricultural practices limiting cropland expansion and biomass burning need to be promoted. This study provides vital information useful for supporting decision making as part of Nationally Determined Contributions.
Aboriginal Tribe’s Knowledge of the Endangered Freshwater Turtle Cuora amboinensis in Car Nicobar, a Remote Oceanic Island in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Kiruba-Sankar Rajendran , Adamala Sirisha , Barman Jessica , Saravanan Kandasamy , Praveenraj Jayasimhan , Yuvaraj Eswaran , Kumar Gokhlesh , Ahmed Sheikh Zamir
Published: October 2023

Freshwater turtles are among the least studied faunas in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Here, we report the presence of freshwater turtles (Cuora amboinensis) from Car Nicobar, a small remote island in the Nicobar archipelago comprising the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the people belonging to Nicobarese tribes (n = 233) to gather their local ecological knowledge as supportive information to obtain a better understanding of the status of turtles in Car Nicobar. Most interviewees (90%) opined that freshwater turtles are found to be rare or very rare on the Island. All the respondents (100%) expressed willingness to contribute to future conservation projects. Community-level awareness emerged as a prominent issue for future conservation using the Garrett ranking method. A stream network map was prepared using the digital elevation model to visualize streams and potential habitats of turtles. This report on the freshwater turtles is essential from an ecological perspective since information is scarce on the freshwater turtles in Car Nicobar. This study emphasizes the importance of the engagement of stakeholders in conservation projects and recommends providing adequate attention to the conservation and protection of freshwater turtle diversity in Car Nicobar.
Biofortification of Broccoli Microgreens (Brassica oleracea var. italica) with Glucosinolates, Zinc, and Iron through the Combined Application of Bio- and Nanofertilizers
Authors: Guardiola-Márquez Carlos Esteban , García-Sánchez C. Valentina , Sánchez-Arellano Óscar Armando , Bojorquez-Rodríguez Erika Melissa , Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel A.
Published: October 2023

There is a severe need to develop a sustainable, affordable, and nutritious food supply system. Broccoli microgreens have attracted attention due to their rich nutritional content and abundant bioactive compounds, constituting an important opportunity to feed the ever-increasing population and fight global health problems. This study aimed to measure the impact of the combined application of biofertilizers and zinc and iron nanofertilizers on plant growth and the biofortification of glucosinolates (GLSs) and micronutrients in broccoli microgreens. Biofertilizers were based on plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial consortia previously isolated and characterized for multiple PGP traits. Nanofertilizers consisted of ZnO (77 nm) and γ-Fe2O3 (68 nm) nanoparticles synthesized with the coprecipitation method and functionalized with a Pseudomonas species preparation. Treatments were evaluated under seedbed conditions. Plant growth parameters of plant height (37.0–59.8%), leaf diameter (57.6–81.1%) and fresh weight (112.1–178.0%), as well as zinc (122.19–363.41%) and iron contents (55.19–161.57%), were mainly increased by nanoparticles subjected to the functionalization process with Pseudomonas species and uncapped NPs applied together with the biofertilizer treatment. Regarding GLSs, eight compounds were detected as being most positively influenced by these treatments. This work demonstrated the synergistic interactions of applying ZnO and γ-Fe2O3 nanofertilizers combined with biofertilizers to enhance plant growth and biofortify micronutrients and glucosinolates in broccoli microgreens.
Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis
Authors: Salgado Pardo José Ignacio , Navas González Francisco Javier , González Ariza Antonio , León Jurado José Manuel , Galán Luque Inés , Delgado Bermejo Juan Vicente , Camacho Vallejo María Esperanza
Published: October 2023

The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks’ lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype’s traceability.
Generation of an Ovomucoid-Immune scFv Library for the Development of Novel Immunoassays in Hen’s Egg Detection
Authors: Rodríguez Santiago , García-García Aina , Garcia-Calvo Eduardo , Esteban Vanesa , Pastor-Vargas Carlos , Díaz-Perales Araceli , García Teresa , Martín Rosario
Published: October 2023

Hen’s egg allergy is the second most common food allergy among infants and young children. The possible presence of undeclared eggs in foods poses a significant risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable egg allergen detection methods are needed to ensure compliance with food labeling and improve consumer protection. This work describes for the first time the application of phage display technology for the generation of a recombinant antibody aimed at the specific detection of hen’s ovomucoid. First, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library was constructed from mRNA isolated from the spleen of a rabbit immunized with ovomucoid. After rounds of biopanning, four binding clones were isolated and characterized. Based on the best ovomucoid-binding candidate SR-G1, an indirect phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) was developed, reaching limits of detection and quantitation of 43 and 79 ng/mL of ovomucoid, respectively. The developed ELISA was applied to the analysis of a wide variety of food products, obtaining a good correlation with a commercial egg detection assay used as a reference. Finally, in silico modeling of the antigen-antibody complex revealed that the main interactions most likely occur between the scFv heavy chain and the ovomucoid domain-III, the most immunogenic region of this allergen.