bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of groundwater inrush hazard caused by solution mining in a multilayered rock-salt-mining area: a case study in Tongbai, China
Authors: Zeng Bin , Shi Tingting , Chen Zhihua , Xiang Liu , Xiang Shaopeng , Yang Muyi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The solution mining of salt mineral resources may contaminate
groundwater and lead to water inrush out of the ground due to brine leakage.
Through the example of a serious groundwater inrush hazard in a large salt-mining area in Tongbai County, China, this study mainly aims to analyse the
source and channel of the inrushing water. The mining area has three
different types of ore beds including trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate
dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, with the formula
Na2CO3 × NaHCO3 × 2H2O, it is a
non-marine evaporite mineral), glauber (sodium sulfate, it is the inorganic
compound with the formula Na2SO4 as well as several
related hydrates) and gypsum (a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium
sulfate dihydrate, with chemical formula CaSO4 × 2H2O).
Based on characterisation of the geological and hydrogeological conditions,
the hydrochemical data of the groundwater at different points and depths were
used to analyse the pollution source and the pollutant component from single
or mixed brine by using physical–chemical reaction principle analysis and
hydrogeochemical simulation method. Finally, a possible brine leakage
connecting the channel to the ground was discussed from both the geological and
artificial perspectives. The results reveal that the brine from the trona mine is
the major pollution source; there is a NW–SE fissure zone controlled by the
geological structure that provides the main channels through which brine can
flow into the aquifer around the water inrush regions, with a large number
of waste gypsum exploration boreholes channelling the
polluted groundwater inrush out of the ground. This research can be a
valuable reference for avoiding and assessing groundwater inrush hazards in
similar rock-salt-mining areas, which is advantageous for both groundwater
quality protection and public health.
Towards a monitoring system of temperature extremes in Europe
Authors: Lavaysse Christophe , Cammalleri Carmelo , Dosio Alessandro , van der Schrier Gerard , Toreti Andrea , Vogt Jürgen
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Extreme-temperature anomalies such as heat and cold waves may have strong impacts on human activities and health. The heat waves in western Europe in 2003 and in Russia in 2010, or the cold wave in southeastern Europe in 2012, generated a considerable amount of economic loss and resulted in the death of several thousands of people. Providing an operational system to monitor extreme-temperature anomalies in Europe is thus of prime importance to help decision makers and emergency services to be responsive to an unfolding extreme event. In this study, the development and the validation of a monitoring system of extreme-temperature anomalies are presented. The first part of the study describes the methodology based on the persistence of events exceeding a percentile threshold. The method is applied to three different observational datasets, in order to assess the robustness and highlight uncertainties in the observations. The climatology of extreme events from the last 21 years is then analysed to highlight the spatial and temporal variability of the hazard, and discrepancies amongst the observational datasets are discussed. In the last part of the study, the products derived from this study are presented and discussed with respect to previous studies. The results highlight the accuracy of the developed index and the statistical robustness of the distribution used to calculate the return periods.
Reseña. Eleazar Humberto Guerra de la Huerta. Narración, experiencia y sujeto. Estrategias textuales en siete autobiografías mexicanas. México: Bonilla Artigas, 2016
Authors: Arteaga Martínez Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Resumen
“Las metáforas de la costura”. Reseña. Eugenia Prado Bassi. Advertencias de uso para una máquina de coser (segundo borrador). Santiago: Editorial Moda y Pueblo, 2017
Authors: García Mendoza Francisco
Published: January 2018

Resumen
No limiar da aurora: itinerários de uma travessia ritualística e alquímica em A cidade sitiada
Authors: Veloso Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

Trata-se de um estudo da obra A cidade sitiada, de Clarice Lispector, em diálogo com a antropologia (ritos de passagem), a alquimia segundo psicologia junguiana, em que se pretende analisar como a personagem em seu processo de individuação, ou seja, de autoconhecimento se constitui enquanto indivíduo inserido numa sociedade. Procurou-se perceber que a personagem protagonista é marcada pela conjugação e estigma do verbo viver, isto é, esta passa por diversas fases e estágios no sentido de descobrir quem realmente é, pois está sempre em busca de sua identidade, que será construída com o desenvolvimento de sua história no romance. O procedimento narrativo adotado por Clarice Lispector nessa obra levou-nos ao conceito dos ritos de passagem teorizado por Arnold Van Gennep ea alquimia segundo Carl Gustav Jung. Investigaremos quais são os comportamentos exigidos à protagonista pelos outros membros da comunidade na qual se vê inserida, e de como esta se posiciona perante isso. Por fim, pretendemos demonstrar como a passagem dos ritos navida de Lucrécia, além de estarrelacionada com os seus atos sociais e o seu desenvolvimento natural (fases da vida adulta), está ligada principalmente ao modo como o texto é construído.
(Des)colonialidad del poder en 13 pueblos en defensa del agua, el aire y la tierra
Authors: Velazco Salvador
Published: January 2018

En este artículo se analiza el documental de Francesco Taboada, 13 pueblos en defensa del agua, el aire y la tierra (2008), desde la perspectiva de la “colonialidad del poder”, entendiendo este concepto, de acuerdo con Walter Mignolo, como la subordinación del conocimiento y la cultura de grupos subalternos y excluidos que viene aparejada con la modernidad occidental.  Taboada pone de relieve el papel jugado por el movimiento de los 13 pueblos del Estado de Morelos en una lucha que podríamos señalar como épica por la defensa no sólo de los recursos naturales (agua, tierras y bosques) sino de los derechos plenos de las comunidades indígenas.  Esta obra es un referente obligado para documentar los movimientos de los pueblos y las luchas sociales que se están librando en el México neoliberal de nuestros días.
Reseña. Jorge Arrate. Con viento a favor. Vol. I. Del frente popular a la Unidad Popular. LOM Ediciones, 2017.
Authors: Moyano Barahona Cristina
Published: January 2018

Resumen
Las “perspectivas caleidoscópicas” en los videos musicales Afterlife y Porno: from the Reflektor Tapes de Arcade Fire
Authors: Ledezma G. María Isabel
Published: January 2018

Este artículo desarrolla la noción de “perspectiva caleidoscópica” en dos videos musicales pertenecientes a la banda canadiense Arcade Fire titulados Afterlife y Porno: from the Reflektor Tapes. Estos trabajos audiovisuales exponen tres tópicos fundamentales: el mito de Orfeo y Eurídice, el componente negro o “la negritud”, característico de Brasil y Haití, y los procesos ritualísticos asociados a las comunidades afrocaribeñas como el vudú o la santería candomblé. La manera como estos tópicos son insertados en la narrativa de los videos musicales permite suponer que existe, en estos, un juego constante de apropiaciones y distanciamientos, en simultaneidad, los cuales asemejan a la dinámica de los caleidoscopios, y que son usados en los videos con fines estéticos. El producto final del uso de estas dinámicas es la presentación de dos videos musicales que trascienden su función de productos promocionales y de marketing para convertirse en trabajos artísticos que reivindican las prácticas identitarias de la comunidad afrocaribeña. Palabras claves: medios audiovisuales, identidad cultural, Caribe, Brasil
Dos dispositivos de resistencia: Sobre Invasión (1969), de Hugo Santiago y Moebius (1996), de Gustavo Mosquera
Authors: Ariza Julio
Published: January 2018

Este artículo analiza los dispositivos de resistencia política que despliegan mediante recursos cinematográficos dos películas argentinas: Invasión (1969), de Hugo Santiago, con guión de Jorge Luis Borges y Adolfo Bioy Casares, y Moebius (1996), de Gustavo Mosquera. Centrando el análisis más en Moebius, pero haciendo pie en Invasión, sostengo que ambas trabajan con “situaciones fantásticas” que pretenden poner en escena la universalidad de la noción de “resistencia.” Esta vocación de universalidad logra que la ficticia Aquilea de Santiago anticipe la Buenos Aires de la última dictadura cívico-militar en la Argentina, y la Buenos Aires más retro-futurista de Mosquera nos hable tanto de esos mismos años dictatoriales, como de la profunda crisis de desinterés por el prójimo de los neoliberales años noventa. Tanto Invasión como Moebius proponen que la resistencia no tiene fin, y asumen la tarea de perturbar sostenidamente, de “resistir” el equilibrio artificial de lo contemporáneo, acercando de manera inquietante pasado, presente y futuro.
Multi-level urban models: Integration across space, time and policies
Authors: Wegener Michael , Spiekermann Klaus
Published: January 2018

Urban and regional models have been developed for different policy fields at different levels of spatial and temporal resolution. But it has become apparent that policies interact across space and time and need to be modelled together. The first urban and regional models were aggregate in space and comparative-static in time. More recently, new data sources and computing techniques have stimulated ever more disaggregation in space and time culminating in agent-based, activity-based microsimulation despite its significant even larger data needs, computing requirements and theoretical problems. This paper argues for models that are instead multi-level and multi-scale in space, time and subsystems. This paper starts with a brief history of urban models and the experience of the authors with the highly integrated urban microsimulation model ILUMASS. Based on this experience, it discusses the benefits and pitfalls of microsimulation and proposes a three-level model system of spatial development, ranging from the European to the local level. The paper closes with new challenges for urban models posed by climate change, energy scarcity, new social problems and new technologies and argues that they make multi-level, multi-scale models even more important and illustrates this by ongoing work with the multi-level model for cities in the Ruhr.
The Job Stress-Job Burnout Relationship among Junior High School Teachers: Ambition as a Moderator
Authors: Ting Shueh-Chin , Tung Chun-Yin
Published: January 2018

Teaching is one of the most stressful occupations. Research on teacher stress has largely focused on student misbehavior, workload, time pressure, and role conflict and ambiguity. This study explores human-related stressors, and finds five key sources: administrators, colleagues, students, students’ parents, and the society. This study then examines the relationship between stress from the five stressors and job burnout. Ambition is adopted in this study as a moderator to test whether the positive relationship between stress and job burnout is weaker when teachers have high ambition. Results show that teachers who experience higher levels of stress from administrators, students, and students’ parents have higher levels of job burnout. However, teachers who experience higher levels of stress from colleagues and the society do not have higher levels of job burnout. The positive relationship between stress from students and job burnout is weaker when teachers have high ambition.
Fighting over the Dead: John Wesley, Ritualism, and the Politics of Church and State in 1870s England
Authors: Danker Ryan Nicholas
Published: January 2018

John Wesley was to play a surprisingly contemporary role in the political debates of Victorian England. Nonconformist Methodists and High Church Anglicans battled for ‘rights’ to the evangelical leader. Presenting their differing ‘Wesleys’ to the world, the authors of books and pamphlets painted Wesley as one of their own within a contentious political environment with high stakes for the establishment of Church and State. That Wesley would have found Victorian politics foreign was not the authors' concern. The episode discussed here represents one in the long journey to grasp the multifaceted and elusive Wesley and to define Methodism.
History of focus-concord constructions and focus-associated particles in Sinhala, with comparison to Dravidian and Japanese
Authors: Slade Benjamin
Published: January 2018

This study traces the historical development of the focus concord construction of Sinhala from the language of the pre-second millennial graffiti on the Mirror Wall at Sigiriya to the modern colloquial language, with comparison to the historical development of focus concord constructions in the south Dravidian languages Malayalam and Tamil, as well as the focus concord (kakari-musubi) construction of Japanese. I argue that the Sinhala focus concord construction originated as one particular usage of impersonal verbal nominalisations in Old Sinhala, developed into a predicative clefting construction in Classical Sinhala, and in the modern colloquial language has become a phenomenon involving verb forms showing a sort of agreement with focussed elements.
Human Agency
Authors: Gardner Susan T. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2018

Let us suppose that we accept that humans can be correctly characterized as agents (and hence held responsible for their actions). Let us further presume that this capacity contrasts with most non-human animals. Thus, since agency is what uniquely constitutes what it is to be human, it must be of supreme importance. If these claims have any merit, it would seem to follow that, if agency can be nurtured through education, then it is an overarching moral imperative that educational initiatives be undertaken to do that. In this paper, it will be argued that agency can indeed be enhanced, and that the worldwide educational initiative called Philosophy for Children (P 4C), and others like it, are in a unique position to do just that, and, therefore, that P4C deserves our praise and support; while denigrations of such efforts for not being “real philosophy” ought to be thoroughly renounced.
The Idea of an Age of Majority
Authors: Roberts Rodney C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2018

This paper gives a brief history of the idea of an age of majority and argues that no age of majority should exceed the fighting age, i.e., the age at which a person becomes eligible to serve in (or liable to conscription into) a military unit. Several objections to the proposed constraint on ages of majority are raised and answered.
Understanding the complexities of retractions: Recommended resources
Authors: Riegelman Amy , Bakker Caitlin
Published: January 2018

Reasons for retracted publications range from honest errors made by authors or publishers to research misconduct (e.g., falsified data, fraudulent peer review). A retraction represents a status change of a publication in the scholarly literature. Other examples of status changes include correction or erratum. A retraction could be initiated by many parties, including authors, institutions, or journal editors. The U.S. National Library of Medicine annually reports on the number of retracted publications indexed within PubMed. While the overall rate of retractions is still very small, retractions have increased considerably in the last decade from 97 retracted articles in 2006 to 664 in 2016.1
Grants and Acquisitions
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: January 2018

The personal papers of basketball coach Dean Smith have been acquired by the University of North Carolina (UNC)-Chapel Hill Libraries. They will be part of the Southern Historical Collection at the Wilson Special Collections Library. Smith was the head coach of the UNC Tar Heels from 1961 to 1997, retiring as the winningest coach in college basketball. He led the Tar Heels to national championships in 1982 and 1993, to 13 ACC Tournament titles, 11 Final Fours, an NIT championship, and directed the U.S. Olympic Team to a gold medal at the 1976 Summer Games. Smith died at 2015 at the age of 83.
Modern Living “hewn out of the unknown wilderness”: Aluminum, City Planning, and Alcan’s British Columbian Industrial Town of Kitimat in the 1950s
Authors: Cross Brad
Published: January 2018

As a new town on the Northern British Columbian frontier, Kitimat represented mid-twentieth-century ideas of industrial resource development and town planning. Alcan executives saw Kitimat’s town design as crucial to the recruitment and retention of a workforce for its megaproject of the 1950s and 1960s, which became the crown jewel of its global enterprise. The combination of high-tech aluminum production and town planning techniques promised employees a family-oriented lifestyle in a state-of-the-art town. Kitimat spearheaded this push for a new kind of frontier experience.
Urban Elites, Energy, and Smoke Policy in Montreal during the Interwar Period
Authors: Temby Owen , MacFadyen Joshua
Published: January 2018

During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Montreal’s air was blackened by smoke from coal-burning homes, factories, and the locomotives and lake freighters connecting its growing economy to the rest of Canada. Lacking regulatory tools suited to the task of abating this nuisance, the municipal government passed the country’s first modern smoke bylaw, consisting of an objective emissions standard, a smoke control bureau, and requirements for the installation and utilization of technology to lessen emissions. In providing an account of the process through which Montreal’s smoke nuisance was addressed, this article describes the role of the city’s most influential local growth coalition, the Montreal Board of Trade, in introducing the issue on the city’s policy agenda, participating in the formulation of a policy response, and monitoring the implementation of the resulting bylaw. The Board of Trade sought a resolution to the problem because it damaged the city’s reputation and business climate. Consistent with other documented examples of smoke abatement in large urban areas, the response promoted by this elite growth coalition consisted largely of technology-based measures that managed the problem while eschewing recourse to measures that would dampen economic activity.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING: A THREAT TO STATE SECURITY AND HUMAN SECURITY
Authors: Peulić Duško
Published: January 2018

The study observes the core of both traffickingin persons and security offering a preliminary understandingthe interconnection between the two concepts which is indeed aprecondition of the more thorough contemplation of this securityproblem. Noteworthy is also the further elaboration of the riskthat link between violence and modern-day slavery representshaving in mind society and the individual. This informal economyviolates the principle of morality and is understood to be one of themost offensive crimes. Its elementary features are psychological and/or physical torture, coercing into engaging in the violation of the lawand established social norms as well as transporting and harboring.The consequence of all of this is the material gain, whereas the victimappears as Machiavellian means the gain will justify. Traffickingemerges in different forms, the most discernible of which are forcedlabor and sexual exploitation that is among the hardest forms ofdesecrating human soul. Unfortunately, it is a common phenomenonthat many people (some independent estimates mention a figure ofseveral million) around the world, women and children, in particular,every year become victims of this violence. Tough living conditions,as well as uncertain economic future, are among fundamentalcauses infecting healthy society. If a well-organised criminal networkor a ‘hidden economy’ succeeds to impose the rule of conduct, thenhuman trafficking finds fertile soil in which to grow. Having beenlured the victims later realize where they are, but many never returnto their families, and that terrible fate should make society do whatcan be done and help them.
САЈБЕР КРИМИНАЛИТЕТ – УПЕЦАНИ У МРЕЖУ НАПАДА ВИРУСА
Authors: Мршић Миленко
Published: January 2018

Сајбер криминалитет (енгл. cyber crime; њем. Cyberkriminalität)обухвата кривична дјела почињена против интернета или уз помоћинтернета. Било да се ради о наруџбама на он-лајн продаји, резервацијиодмора, одржавању социјалних контаката или управљању личнимфинансијама, могућности интернета су бескрајне.
Mouse color and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity are non-uniform across visual space
Authors: Denman Daniel J , Luviano Jennifer A , Ollerenshaw Douglas R , Cross Sissy , Williams Derric , Buice Michael A , Olsen Shawn R , Reid R Clay
Published: January 2018

Mammalian visual behaviors, as well as responses in the neural systems underlying these behaviors, are driven by luminance and color contrast. With constantly improving tools for measuring activity in cell-type-specific populations in the mouse during visual behavior, it is important to define the extent of luminance and color information that is behaviorally accessible to the mouse. A non-uniform distribution of cone opsins in the mouse retina potentially complicates both luminance and color sensitivity; opposing gradients of short (UV-shifted) and middle (blue/green) cone opsins suggest that color discrimination and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity may differ with retinotopic location. Here we ask how well mice can discriminate color and wavelength-specific luminance changes across visuotopic space. We found that mice were able to discriminate color and were able to do so more broadly across visuotopic space than expected from the cone-opsin distribution. We also found wavelength-band-specific differences in luminance sensitivity.
Low-pressure monopolar electroresection of the prostate for glands sized > 70 vs. < 70 cc performed with continuous irrigation and suprapubic suction: perioperative and long-term outcome
Authors: Wilhelm Konrad , Cazana Ioana Maria , Schoenthaler Martin , Katzenwadel Arndt , Spaeth Johannes , Miernik Arkadiusz
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of low-pressure transurethral resection of the prostate for prostates < 70 cc (group 1) vs. > 70 cc (group 2).

Patients and methods

In this study patients operated with monopolar TURP between 2009 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. During surgery a specially designed trocar (18 Fr) was placed suprapubically and connected to a suction pump to maintain stable low-pressure conditions. After sample size calculations, long-term follow-up was completed for 70 invited patients in each group up to 9/2015.

Results

Follow-up period was 57 vs. 56 months for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.56). At baseline there was no significant difference in age, IPSS, peak flow, and post void residual (PVR). Mean prostate volume was 47 cc (15–65) vs. 100 cc (70–163). Mean operating time was 55.4 vs. 82.6 min (p = 0.00). Blood transfusion was necessary in 0.0 vs. 2.9% (p = 0.16), and 0.0 vs. 1.4% developed TUR syndrome (p = 0.32). At follow-up mean relative improvement in IPSS was 63 vs. 57% (p = 0.29), QoL 64 vs. 64% (p = 0.93), peak flow 139 vs. 130% (p = 0.85), and PVR 58 vs. 63% (p = 0.80). Long-term complications included recurring adenoma in 1.4 vs. 4.3% (p = 0.31), and stricture in 7.2 vs. 5.8% (p = 0.73). 1 patient in each group reported worsening incontinence symptoms.

Conclusions

In terms of safety and efficacy, the aforementioned modality of standardized monopolar TURP using suprapubic suction was non-inferior for prostates > 70 cc compared to the same procedure for prostates < 70 cc. This technique is a potential low-cost alternative for clinics that cannot afford modern laser approaches.

Study register number

DRKS00006527.
Correction to: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites
Authors: Sakamoto Seiichi , Putalun Waraporn , Vimolmangkang Sornkanok , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo , Shoyama Yukihiro , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Morimoto Satoshi
Published: January 2018

The article Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites, written by Seiichi Sakamoto, Waraporn Putalun, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen, Yukihiro Shoyama, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Satoshi Morimoto, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 21 November 2017 without open access.
Fratura proximal do fêmur e lesão vascular em adultos – Relato de caso
Authors: Labronici Pedro José , Santos Filho Fernando Claudino dos , Diamantino Yuri Leander Oliveira , Loureiro Eduardo , Ezequiel Maria Cristina Diniz Gonçalves , Alves Sérgio Delmonte
Published: January 2018

Complicações vasculares no tratamento cirúrgico da fratura do quadril são raras. A depender da lesão arterial, pode ocorrer um grave sangramento intraoperatório ou formação de hematoma subagudo com desenvolvimento de pseudoaneurisma arterial. Na literatura, as complicações mais frequentes relatadas são a formação de grandes hematomas locais após osteossíntese com parafuso deslizante do quadril. O objetivo do presente relato foi demonstrar um caso de lesão arterial tardia após osteossíntese proximal do fêmur.
Beyond Form and Fancy: The Merchant Palaces of Kazimierz Dolny in Poland
Authors: Jakobiec Katie
Published: January 2018

This article builds upon Jan Białostocki's seminal bookThe Art of the Renaissance in Eastern Europeby examining two merchant palaces in the port city of Kazimierz Dolny on the Vistula River in Poland but departs from his interpretation of them. Focusing on the stucco architecture and relief-sculpture of their façades, the article argues against Białostocki's traditional reading of imitation as being driven by artistic influence, and, through the study of the city's mercantile and pilgrimage context, it proposes instead that a notion of imitation that was deeply immersed in sophisticated practices of copying and reference making. It concludes that the merchant community in Kazimierz Dolny was aiming to forge a new civic identity in order to contend in a broader social, religious and economic realm that was traversed by merchants, travellers and pilgrims alike.
‘Let us Sin with Salvin’: Architecture and Authority at the Tower of London, 1896–1905
Authors: Inglesby Roisin
Published: January 2018

The Tower of London is one of the most famous sites in the world, yet its recent architectural history has been almost entirely overlooked. This article represents the first attempt to explore the architectural approach taken by the Tower authorities at the turn of the twentieth century. It analyses the on-going programme of restoration undertaken by the Office of Works during this period in the context of the Tower's singular status as military garrison, historic monument and preeminent tourist attraction, and it considers the Office's stance in relation to increasing public and parliamentary interest in the preservation and restoration of historic buildings. Historic Royal Palaces' collection of architectural drawings offers an unexplored insight into the activities of the Office of Works during this time. Through a close reading of these drawings I show that, contrary to what has previously been supposed, the Office's interventions continued well past the radical restorations of the 1880s and into the twentieth century, as they sought to control the historical narrative of the site through its architecture.
Crude Reality
Authors: Rome Adam
Published: January 2018

Oil is the elephant in every room in modern American history. From the consumer-culture room to the politics room, the labor room to the U.S.-and-the-world room, oil is right there, as big as Texas, yet hardly anyone notices. That is less true than it used to be. TheJournal of American Historyeven devoted a special issue to oil in 2012. Yet modern American historians still have not thought enough about “crude reality.”
Thinking through and beyond “Competitive Memory” and Hierarchies of Suffering
Authors: Robins Steven
Published: January 2018

The entry point for my response to Bryan Cheyette’s thought-provoking essay on the difficulties of bringing together Jewish studies and postcolonial studies is a discussion of a recent national controversy in South Africa that, at first glance, seems to endorse Cheyette’s cautionary tale about how “actionism” tends to negate nuance and critical engagement. The response draws on this controversy to make some tentative observations about why Cheyette’s argument does not adequately acknowledge the consequences of the profound political, ideological, and economic transformations of post–World War II Jewry.
Figuring and Transfiguring: a response to Bryan Cheyette
Authors: McLeod John
Published: January 2018

This response to Bryan Cheyette’s essay “Against Supersessionist Thinking: Old and New, Jews and Postcolonialism, the Ghetto and Diaspora” favorably considers its critique of the problems of foundational and supersessionist thinking in postcolonial enquiry. It supports Cheyette’s claim that postcolonial critique needs better to accommodate the particulars of the Jewish diaspora into its field of vision. It notes how the tendency in some postcolonial critique to approach ideas of nations and diasporas as discrete counterpointed paradigms does not readily capture their complexity and entanglements, and may also contribute unwittingly to the elision of the Jewish diasporic contexts that are not easily mapped within this disciplinary dispensation. Instead, this response advocates a transpositional and productively mobile approach to thinking transfiguratively across and beyond received paradigms to help shape a postcolonial critical sensibility within which matters of Jewish diasporicity might resound more progressively.
Writing in Inclement Weather: The Dialectics of Comparing Minority Experiences in Threatening Environments
Authors: Freitas Vivek
Published: January 2018

This article forms a response to Bryan Cheyette’s essay in this journal, “Against Supersessionist Thinking: Old and New, Jews and Postcolonialism, the Ghetto and Diaspora,” and focuses on the dialectics of comparing minority experiences in a climate of implicit and explicit violence toward minorities. Agreeing with Cheyette’s invocation of such threatening environments, I speak to what he characterizes as the importance of nonbinary thinking by gesturing to similar work unfolding in Black studies, specifically in the theorization of anti-Blackness and the work of Christina Sharpe. I end with a brief discussion of the Modern Jewish-Indian poet Nissim Ezekiel to focalize the practice of the comparative work between Jewish and postcolonial studies in threatening environments. I argue that Ezekiel’s approach highlights the “fluidity” and in-built multiplicity of such environments, and so undermines the seemingly rigidity of violent and singular binaries.
Rauchen in Oscar- und Lola-nominierten Filmen
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung. Ziel: Untersuchung der Häufigkeit des Rauchens in Filmen, die für einen Filmpreis nominiert worden sind. Prüfung der Assoziation zwischen dem Rauchen in Filmen und der Altersfreigabe der Filme. Methodik: Erfasst wurde für alle 81 Filme, die 2016 und 2017 für die „Oscars“ oder den Deutschen Filmpreis („Lolas“) nominiert wurden, ob geraucht wurde. Ferner wurde die Altersfreigabe der Filme durch die „Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle der Filmwirtschaft“ (FSK) und die „Motion Picture Association of America“ (MPAA) erhoben. Ergebnisse: In 60 (74%) der 81 Filme wurde geraucht. In Filmen, die für die Lolas nominiert worden waren, wurde häufiger geraucht als in Filmen, die für die Oscars nominiert waren (p=0,037). Rauchszenen traten unabhängig von der FSK-Altersfreigabe der Filme auf (p=0,648). Während 22% der Filme mit Rauchszenen die FSK-Altersfreigabe ab 16 Jahren erhielten, wurden in den USA 63% der Filme mit Rauchszenen mit einer Altersfreigabe ab 17 Jahren versehen. Schlussfolgerungen: In drei Viertel aller untersuchten Filme wurde geraucht. Es wurde häufiger in deutschen als in amerikanischen Filmen geraucht. Das amerikanische System der Altersfreigaben für Filme legt strengere Maßstäbe an und führt dazu, dass Jugendliche Filme mit Rauchszenen seltener sehen dürfen. Eine Anhebung der FSK-Altersfreigabe für Filme, in denen geraucht wird, würde die Zahl der Rauchszenen, die ein Jugendlicher sieht, verringern und entspräche einer zentralen Forderung der Weltgesundheitsorganisation.
Belastbare und effiziente Wissenschaft
Authors: Glöckner Andreas , Fiedler Susann , Renkewitz Frank
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Replikationskrise innerhalb der Psychologie hat eine Diskussion über gängige Praktiken im Forschungsprozess und die beteiligten Institutionen ausgelöst. Wir stellen Maßnahmen vor, die dazu beitragen können, Forschung effizienter und Forschungsergebnisse belastbarer zu machen, indem sie eine strategische Ausrichtung und stärkere Verzahnung von Forschungsprozessen in Gang setzen. Die notwendigen Veränderungen setzen dabei auf der Ebene des Individuums sowie der Institutionen an und betreffen die Inhaltsbereiche Theorie, Empirie und Evidenzakkumulation. Über die bekannten eher spezifischen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Reproduzierbarkeit hinaus, zielen unsere Vorschläge darauf ab, die Voraussetzungen für effizientes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten zu verbessern, indem u. a. (i) die exakte Spezifikation und die kritische Testung und Revision von Theorien wieder stärker in den Mittelpunkt der Forschung gerückt werden, (ii) eine Kultur der Transparenz, akzeptierten Fehlbarkeit und Offenheit für Empirie- aber insbesondere auch Theorierevision etabliert wird, (iii) diese Kultur und die damit verbundene Methodik als integrale Bestandteile durchgängig in der Lehre verankert werden und (iv) Evidenz und Theorien in fortlaufend dezentral aktualisierten und miteinander verknüpften Theorie- und Empirie-Datenbanken zusammengeführt werden.
Scientists Probe Water Inside Leaves via Satellite
Authors: Witman Sarah
Published: January 2018

Improving satellite-based studies of vegetation optical depth, a critical ecosystem indicator.
Cerling and Ehleringer Receive 2017 Excellence in Earth and Space Science Education Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2018

Thure Cerling and James Ehleringer received the 2017 Excellence in Earth and Space Science Education Award at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 13 December 2017 in New Orleans, La. The award honors “a sustained commitment to excellence in geophysical education by a team, individual, or group.”
The epigenetically regulated miR-494 associates with stem-cell phenotype and induces sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pollutri Daniela , Patrizi Clarissa , Marinelli Sara , Giovannini Catia , Trombetta Elena , Giannone Ferdinando A. , Baldassarre Maurizio , Quarta Santina , Vandewynckel Y. P. , Vandierendonck A. , Van Vlierberghe H. , Porretti Laura , Negrini Massimo , Bolondi Luigi , Gramantieri Laura , Fornari Francesca
Published: January 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in patients not amenable for curative treatments. The multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib represents the first-line treatment option for advanced HCC; nevertheless, its effectiveness is limited due to tumor heterogeneity as well as innate or acquired drug resistance, raising the need for new therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involvement in treatment response as well as their safety and efficacy in preclinical models and clinical trials have been widely documented in the oncologic field, including HCC. Here, we identified miR-494 upregulation in a subgroup of human and rat HCCs with stem cell-like characteristics, as well as multiple epigenetic mechanisms involved in its aberrant expression in HCC cell lines and patients. Moreover, we identified p27, puma and pten among miR-494 targets, contributing to speed up cell cycle progression, enhance survival potential in stressful conditions and increase invasive and clonogenic capabilities. MiR-494 overexpression increased sorafenib resistance via mTOR pathway activation in HCC cell lines and, in line, high miR-494 levels associated with decreased sorafenib response in two HCC animal models. A sorafenib-combined anti-miR-494-based strategy revealed an enhanced anti-tumor potential with respect to sorafenib-only treatment in our HCC rat model. In conclusion, our findings suggested miR-494 as a possible therapeutic target as well as a candidate biomarker for patient stratification in advanced HCC.
Publisher Correction: The β20–β21 of gp120 is a regulatory switch for HIV-1 Env conformational transitions
Authors: Herschhorn Alon , Gu Christopher , Moraca Francesca , Ma Xiaochu , Farrell Mark , Smith Amos B. , Pancera Marie , Kwong Peter D. , Schön Arne , Freire Ernesto , Abrams Cameron , Blanchard Scott C. , Mothes Walther , Sodroski Joseph G.
Published: January 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Amos B. Smith, III, which was incorrectly given as Amos B. SmithIII. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Sequential forward and reverse transport of the Na+ Ca2+ exchanger generates Ca2+ oscillations within mitochondria
Authors: Samanta Krishna , Mirams Gary R. , Parekh Anant B.
Published: January 2018

Mitochondrial Ca2+ homoeostasis regulates aerobic metabolism and cell survival. Ca2+ flux into mitochondria is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel whereas Ca2+ export is often through an electrogenic Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. Here, we report remarkable functional versatility in mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchange under conditions where mitochondria are depolarised. Following physiological stimulation of cell-surface receptors, mitochondrial Na+–Ca2+ exchange initially operates in reverse mode, transporting cytosolic Ca2+ into the matrix. As matrix Ca2+ rises, the exchanger reverts to its forward mode state, extruding Ca2+. Transitions between reverse and forward modes generate repetitive oscillations in matrix Ca2+. We further show that reverse mode Na+–Ca2+ activity is regulated by the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2. Our results demonstrate that reversible switching between transport modes of an ion exchanger molecule generates functionally relevant oscillations in the levels of the universal Ca2+ messenger within an organelle.
CUG initiation and frameshifting enable production of dipeptide repeat proteins from ALS/FTD C9ORF72 transcripts
Authors: Tabet Ricardos , Schaeffer Laure , Freyermuth Fernande , Jambeau Melanie , Workman Michael , Lee Chao-Zong , Lin Chun-Chia , Jiang Jie , Jansen-West Karen , Abou-Hamdan Hussein , Désaubry Laurent , Gendron Tania , Petrucelli Leonard , Martin Franck , Lagier-Tourenne Clotilde
Published: January 2018

Expansion of G4C2 repeats in the C9ORF72 gene is the most prevalent inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Expanded transcripts undergo repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation producing dipeptide repeat proteins from all reading frames. We determined cis-factors and trans-factors influencing translation of the human C9ORF72 transcripts. G4C2 translation operates through a 5′–3′ cap-dependent scanning mechanism, requiring a CUG codon located upstream of the repeats and an initiator Met-tRNAMeti. Production of poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-GR proteins from the three frames is influenced by mutation of the same CUG start codon supporting a frameshifting mechanism. RAN translation is also regulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) present in mis-spliced C9ORF72 transcripts. Inhibitors of the pre-initiation ribosomal complex and RNA antisense oligonucleotides selectively targeting the 5′-flanking G4C2 sequence block ribosomal scanning and prevent translation. Finally, we identified an unexpected affinity of expanded transcripts for the ribosomal subunits independently from translation.
Comparison of Adaptation between the Major Connectors Fabricated from Intraoral Digital Impressions and Extraoral Digital Impressions
Authors: Gan Ning , Ruan Yaye , Sun Jian , Xiong Yaoyang , Jiao Ting
Published: January 2018

The objective was to compare the adaptation between the major connectors of removable partial dentures derived from intraoral digital impressions and extraoral digital impressions. Twenty-four volunteers were enrolled. Each volunteer received an intraoral digital impression and one extraoral digital impression digitized from conventional gypsum impression. A software was used to create the major connectors on digital impression datasets. After all the virtual major connectors designed from Group intraoral digital impressions (Group I) and Group extraoral digital impressions (Group E) were directly fabricated by 3D printing technique, the adaptation of the final major connectors in volunteers’ mouths were measured. The adaptation ranged from 159.87 to 577.99 μm in Group I while from 120.83 to 536.17 μm in Group E. The adaptation of major connectors in Group I were found better at the midline palatine suture while the adaptation of major connectors in Group E were found better at the two sides of the palatal vault. In both groups, the highest accuracy in adaptation was revealed at the anterior margin of the major connectors. It is feasible to manufacture the major connectors by digital impression and 3D printing technique. Both the adaptation of the two kinds of digital impressions were clinical acceptable.
ModuleDiscoverer: Identification of regulatory modules in protein-protein interaction networks
Authors: Vlaic Sebastian , Conrad Theresia , Tokarski-Schnelle Christian , Gustafsson Mika , Dahmen Uta , Guthke Reinhard , Schuster Stefan
Published: January 2018

The identification of disease-associated modules based on protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) and gene expression data has provided new insights into the mechanistic nature of diverse diseases. However, their identification is hampered by the detection of protein communities within large-scale, whole-genome PPINs. A presented successful strategy detects a PPIN’s community structure based on the maximal clique enumeration problem (MCE), which is a non-deterministic polynomial time-hard problem. This renders the approach computationally challenging for large PPINs implying the need for new strategies. We present ModuleDiscoverer, a novel approach for the identification of regulatory modules from PPINs and gene expression data. Following the MCE-based approach, ModuleDiscoverer uses a randomization heuristic-based approximation of the community structure. Given a PPIN of Rattus norvegicus and public gene expression data, we identify the regulatory module underlying a rodent model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The module is validated using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independent genome-wide association studies and gene enrichment tests. Based on gene enrichment tests, we find that ModuleDiscoverer performs comparably to three existing module-detecting algorithms. However, only our NASH-module is significantly enriched with genes linked to NAFLD-associated SNPs. ModuleDiscoverer is available at http://www.hki-jena.de/index.php/0/2/490 (Others/ModuleDiscoverer).
Optimal swimming strategies and behavioral plasticity of oceanic whitetip sharks
Authors: Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Iosilevskii Gil , Leos-Barajas Vianey , Brooks Edd J. , Howey Lucy A. , Chapman Demian D. , Watanabe Yuuki Y.
Published: January 2018

Animal behavior should optimize the difference between the energy they gain from prey and the energy they spend searching for prey. This is all the more critical for predators occupying the pelagic environment, as prey is sparse and patchily distributed. We theoretically derive two canonical swimming strategies for pelagic predators, that maximize their energy surplus while foraging. They predict that while searching, a pelagic predator should maintain small dive angles, swim at speeds near those that minimize the cost of transport, and maintain constant speed throughout the dive. Using biologging sensors, we show that oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) behavior matches these predictions. We estimate that daily energy requirements of an adult shark can be met by consuming approximately 1–1.5 kg of prey (1.5% body mass) per day; shark-borne video footage shows a shark encountering potential prey numbers exceeding that amount. Oceanic whitetip sharks showed incredible plasticity in their behavioral strategies, ranging from short low-energy bursts on descents, to high-speed vertical surface breaches from considerable depth. Oceanic whitetips live a life of energy speculation with minimization, very different to those of tunas and billfish.
Winner-take-all in a phase oscillator system with adaptation
Authors: Burylko Oleksandr , Kazanovich Yakov , Borisyuk Roman
Published: January 2018

We consider a system of generalized phase oscillators with a central element and radial connections. In contrast to conventional phase oscillators of the Kuramoto type, the dynamic variables in our system include not only the phase of each oscillator but also the natural frequency of the central oscillator, and the connection strengths from the peripheral oscillators to the central oscillator. With appropriate parameter values the system demonstrates winner-take-all behavior in terms of the competition between peripheral oscillators for the synchronization with the central oscillator. Conditions for the winner-take-all regime are derived for stationary and non-stationary types of system dynamics. Bifurcation analysis of the transition from stationary to non-stationary winner-take-all dynamics is presented. A new bifurcation type called a Saddle Node on Invariant Torus (SNIT) bifurcation was observed and is described in detail. Computer simulations of the system allow an optimal choice of parameters for winner-take-all implementation.
Neural correlates of perceptual separation-induced enhancement of prepulse inhibition of startle in humans
Authors: Lei Ming , Zhang Changxin , Li Liang
Published: January 2018

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is the suppression of the startle reflex when the intense startling stimulus is shortly preceded by a weaker non-startling stimulus (prepulse). In rats, the auditory precedence-effect-induced perceived spatial separation between the fear-conditioned prepulse and a noise masker facilitates selective attention to the prepulse and enhances PPI. However, whether the perceptual separation between the prepulse and a noise masker can also enhance PPI in humans remains unclear. Also, the relationship between the PPI enhancement and the change in early cortical representations of prepulse signals is unclear. This study for the first time reveals that in a sound-attenuated laboratory environment, relative to the listening condition with perceptual co-location between the prepulse stimulus and a noise-masking stimulus, the perceptual separation between the two stimuli significantly enhances the group-mean PPI. More importantly, the early cortical responses (N1/P2 complex) to the prepulse stimulus are also enhanced by the perceptual separation in most listeners, and the perceptual-separation-induced enhancement of the N1 component is positively correlated with the perceptual-separation-induced PPI enhancement. Thus, the perceptual separation enhances PPI through facilitating selective attention to the prepulse, leading to an enhancement of the early cortical representation of the prepulse signal in temporal auditory cortical fields.