bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a waterspout at Zhuhai, China, on June 12, 2019
Authors: Chan Pak Wai , Tse S.M. , Lee Jeffrey Chi Wai , Li Q.S.
Published: April 2020

This paper reports on a waterspout presiding over the Pearl River Estuary near Zhuhai, China. It is observed mainly using the terminal Doppler weather radar in Hong Kong. A slanting radar reflectivity core and airflow circulating around was seen in the vertical cross‐section across the mesoscale/microscale cyclone associated with the waterspout. The vertical wind profile associated with the cyclone was analysed and found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of a tornado reported in the region in a previous study. The primary characteristic of the waterspout was a circulating flow stronger at higher levels (approximately a few kilometres above ground) than at lower levels. In terms of nowcasting, the performance of a convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction model (2 km horizontal resolution) was analysed. It was found to demonstrate reasonable simulation skill for the mesoscale/microscale cyclone, although the slanting feature was not well predicted. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference for similar studies of waterspouts/tornadoes worldwide.
Candidate gene associations reveal sex‐specific Graves’ disease risk alleles among Chinese Han populations
Authors: Yan Chen‐Yan , Ma Yu‐Ru , Sun Feng , Zhang Rui‐Jia , Fang Ya , Zhang Qian‐Yue , Wu Feng‐Yao , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Song Huai‐Dong
Published: April 2020

Background

With several susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by case–control association studies, Graves’ disease is one of the most common forms of autoimmune thyroid disease. In this study, we aimed to determine whether any observed differences in genetic associations are influenced by sex in Chinese Han populations.

Methods

A total of 8,835 patients with Graves’ disease and 9,936 sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Confirmed by a two‐staged association analysis, sex‐specific analyses among 20 Graves’ disease susceptibility loci were conducted.

Results

A significant sex‐gene interaction was detected primarily at rs5912838 on Xq21.1 between the GPR174 and ITM2A genes, whereby male Graves’ disease patients possessed a significantly higher frequency of risk alleles than their female counterparts. Interestingly, compared to women, male patients with Graves’ disease had a higher cumulative genetic risk and higher persistent thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody‐positive rate after receiving antithyroid drug therapy for at least 1 year.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest the existence of one potential sex‐specific Graves’ disease variant on Xq21.1. This could increase our understanding of the pivotal mechanism behind Graves’ disease and ultimately aid in identifying possible therapeutic targets.
Antiperiodic solutions to delayed inertial quaternion‐valued neural networks
Authors: Xu Changjin , Li Peiluan , Liao Maoxin , Liu Zixin , Xiao Qimei
Published: April 2020

This manuscript mainly deals with quaternion‐valued neural networks (QVNNs) with delays and inertial term. Using Wirtinger inequality and coincidence degree theory, a new sufficient criterion to ensure the existence of antiperiodic solution of involved quaternion‐valued neural networks is derived. With the aid of Lyapunov function, we discuss the exponential stability of antiperiodic solutions to quaternion‐valued neural networks. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the established theoretical findings.
A solution to estimate the total and effective stresses in backfilled stopes with an impervious base during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill
Authors: Zheng Jian , Li Li , Li Yu‐Chao
Published: April 2020

Mining backfill is commonly used in underground mines. A critical concern of this practice is to evaluate the pressures and total stresses in backfilled stopes to ensure a safe and economic design of barricades, constructed to retain the backfill. When a slurried backfill is placed in a mine stope, excess pore water pressure (PWP) can instantaneously generate and progressively dissipate. The dissipation of the excess PWP and consolidation lead to the development of effective stresses, which in turn lead to an arching effect in the backfilled stope. Until now, arching effect has been largely considered for stress estimation in dry or submerged backfill. The former corresponds to the final state at the end process of the drainage and consolidation of the backfill with a pervious while the latter with an impervious barricade. However, previous studies have shown that the most critical moment for the stability of barricades is during the stope filling. Therefore, the design of barricades requires a proper estimation of the pressure and total stresses during the filling operation. This in turn needs joint consideration of the arching effect and consolidation of the backfill. In this paper, a new solution is developed to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill by considering the self‐weight consolidation and arching effect. The proposed solution is validated by numerical modeling with Plaxis2D. It can thus be used to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the stope filling with an impervious barricade.
Cabozantinib for relapsed neuroblastoma: Single institution case series
Authors: Perisa Michael P. , Storey Michael , Streby Keri A. , Ranalli Mark A. , Skeens Micah , Shah Nilay
Published: April 2020

Relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma has few effective therapies currently available or in development. Cabozantinib is an Food and Drug Administration approved multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for select adult malignancies with preclinical data suggesting efficacy against neuroblastoma. A safe and tolerable dose has been identified for children, but its efficacy remains unknown. We describe four children with relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma treated with cabozantinib. All four patients had extended disease control (two complete responsesfor >12 months, 2 stable disease >6 months) with manageable predictable toxicities requiring dose reduction in two patients. We discuss the potential for the use of cabozantinib in neuroblastoma.
Rapid authentication of agarwood by using liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS)
Authors: Xie Yanqiao , Li Linnan , Chen Yilin , Yang Yuangui , Xu Hong , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Agarwood is a highly valuable fragrant resinous wood which is widely used as traditional Chinese medicines, perfumes, incense and decorations. Due to its high economic value and excessive demand, this leads to a rising price and proliferation of fake commodities. Thus, strict authenticity identification and quality evaluation of agarwood are of great significance.

Objective

To establish a simple, rapid and non‐destructive technique for identifying the authenticity of agarwood.

Methods

Liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS) was firstly proposed to identify the authenticity of 62 agarwood samples without sample preparation. In addition, multivariate statistical models and thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method were used to analyse and verify the results of LESA‐MS.

Results

Representative compounds of agarwood were detected by LESA‐MS. A characteristic 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)chromone compound (m/z 319.1) was treated as a key chemical marker to identify agarwood and its counterfeits rapidly. Several other chromones ions were identified and used as additional evidence for authentic samples. A total of 62 samples were visually discriminated as two groups by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and the specific characteristic marker was highlighted. Moreover, the qualitative results of the conventional TLC method were in agreement with the LESA‐MS approach.

Conclusion

The proposed LESA‐MS method was successfully applied in the direct qualitative analysis of agarwood from different sources. This study indicated great feasibility and practicality of LESA‐MS in the rapid identification of agarwood, and provided a non‐destructive and meaningful preliminary screening tool for the agarwood industry.
Akathisia and Newer Second‐Generation Antipsychotic Drugs: A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Chow Constance L. , Kadouh Nour K. , Bostwick Jolene R. , VandenBerg Amy M.
Published: April 2020

Akathisia continues to present a significant challenge in clinical practice. As a class, so‐called atypical, or second‐generation, antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and are commonly used to treat mood disorders. These medications have traditionally been distinguished from first‐generation antipsychotics by their lowered risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) such as dystonia, dyskinesia, akathisia, and pseudoparkinsonism. However, the occurrence of EPS, particularly akathisia, has been demonstrated to some degree in all commercially available SGAs. This review examines the incidence of akathisia in nine newer SGAs in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD). We performed a search of PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register, and Google Scholar, as well as manufacturer websites and product labeling for published and unpublished clinical trials, meta‐analyses, and systematic reviews. Studies evaluating adult patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or MDD were eligible for inclusion. Data on treatment‐emergent akathisia rates were gathered from each study, and potential dose‐response relationships were explored. A total of 177 studies were included in this review, comprising 58,069 patients across 414 treatment arms. Compared with placebo with a composite 3.7% incidence of akathisia, individual SGAs produced akathisia at total composite rates ranging from 2.9–13.0% across the included studies. High doses of an SGA were generally associated with an increased risk of akathisia. Clinicians should consider the risk of akathisia when choosing a treatment option and monitor for akathisia in patients beginning therapy with an SGA or following a dose increase of the SGA.
Cationic UV‐curing of epoxidized cardanol derivatives
Authors: Noè Camilla , Malburet Samuel , Milani Elodie , Bouvet‐Marchand Agathe , Graillot Alain , Sangermano Marco
Published: April 2020

This paper demonstrates the high reactivity and potentiality of bio‐renewably obtained cardanol‐based epoxy monomers as well as the possibility of tuning the final thermomechanical properties by changing either the epoxy content or the chemical structure of the starting photocurable resin. The reactivity of the cardanol monomers towards the cationic UV‐curing process was investigated by Fourier transform IR analysis and it was shown that a high epoxy group conversion was achieved. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties were investigated on crosslinked films by means of DSC and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Predicting the Orbifold Origin of the MSSM
Authors: Parr Erik , Vaudrevange Patrick K.S. , Wimmer Martin
Published: April 2020

MSSM‐like string models from the compactification of the heterotic string on toroidal orbifolds (of the kind ) have distinct phenomenological properties, like the spectrum of vector‐like exotics, the scale of supersymmetry breaking, and the existence of non‐Abelian flavor symmetries. We show that these characteristics depend crucially on the choice of the underlying orbifold point group P. In detail, we use boosted decision trees to predict P from phenomenological properties of MSSM‐like orbifold models. As this works astonishingly well, we can utilize machine learning to predict the orbifold origin of the MSSM.
Finite‐time tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple mismatched disturbances
Authors: Lan Qixun , Li Shihua , Yang Jun
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the finite‐time output tracking problem for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple mismatched disturbances. To efficiently estimate the disturbances and their derivatives, a continuous finite‐time disturbance observer (CFTDO) design method is developed. Based on the modified adding a power integrator method and CFTDO technique, a composite tracking controller is constructed such that the system output can track the desired reference signal in finite time. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Tributary confluences are dynamic thermal refuges for a juvenile salmonid in a warming river network
Authors: Wang Terrance , Kelson Suzanne J. , Greer George , Thompson Sally E. , Carlson Stephanie M.
Published: April 2020

As rivers warm, cold‐water fish species may alleviate thermal stress by moving into localized thermal refuges such as cold‐water plumes created by cool tributary inflows. We quantified use of two tributary confluence plumes by juvenile steelhead,Oncorhynchus mykiss, throughout the summer, including how trout positioned themselves in relation to temperature within confluence plumes. At two confluences, Cedar and Elder creeks, along the South Fork Eel River, California, USA, we monitored temperatures using in situ logger grids throughout summer 2016. Fish were counted within confluences via snorkel surveys five times a day on 5 days at each site. We found diel and seasonal dependence on confluence use by steelhead, especially at the Cedar Creek confluence, where mainstem temperatures exceeded 28°C. At this site, fish moved into the confluence on the warmest days and warmest times of the day. Fish observed within the Cedar Creek confluence plume were most common in locations between 20–22°C, rather than the coldest locations (14.5°C). At Elder Creek, where mainstem temperatures remained below 24°C, there was little relationship between mainstem temperature and steelhead presence in the confluence plume. At both sites, steelhead distribution within plumes was influenced by spatial variation of temperature and mean temperature in surveyed grid cells. Our results show that cool tributaries flowing into warmer mainstem reaches (over 24°C) likely create important thermal refuges for juvenile steelhead. As mainstem rivers warm with climate change, cool‐water tributary inputs may become more important for sustaining cold‐water salmonids near the southern end of their range.
Structure Optimization and Flame Barrier Performance Evaluation of Barrier Explosion‐Proof Materials Based on FLACS
Authors: Zhang Yulun , Zhou Chunbo , Xie Hui , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2020

Blocking explosion‐proof materials can quickly transfer heat, block flame propagation, and prevent explosion accidents. It has gradually become a rudimentary solution to the intrinsic safety of explosion or “secondary explosion” during the storage and transportation of flammable and explosive liquid or gaseous dangerous chemicals. The impact of the addition of explosion‐proof porous materials in the storage tank on the shock wave was numerically simulated by FLACS and further analyzed with changes in pressure, temperature, and velocity. The effects of the configuration, size, aperture, layer spacing, and filling rate of the barrier explosion‐proof ball on the barrier explosion‐proof effect were investigated whereby the optimal barrier explosion‐proof appearance structure was obtained. The explosion resistance tester was used to examine and evaluate the fire resistance performance of the material, and the influence of different types of barrier explosion‐proof pellets on the fire resistance performance was revealed. The explosion suppression performance of the barrier explosion‐proof material was evaluated by FLACS numerical simulation. The temperature and pressure in the storage tank can be greatly scaled down by adding the explosion‐proof porous material. The numerical simulation results are coherent with that from experimental part, and the general rule of blocking explosion protection can be therefore identified: the turbulence effect is particularly obvious in the area filled with explosion‐proof materials, and the porous spheres would continually reflect and weaken the shock wave. This makes it possible to significantly bring down the pressure and temperature after filling the explosion‐proof area, thereby preventing explosions.
Spinning black holes in shift-symmetric Horndeski theory
Authors: Delgado Jorge F.M. , Herdeiro Carlos A.R. , Radu Eugen
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We construct spinning black holes (BHs) in shift-symmetric Horndeski theory. This is an Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet model wherein the (real) scalar field couples linearly to the Gauss-Bonnet curvature squared combination. The BH solutions constructed are stationary, axially symmetric and asymptotically flat. They possess a non-trivial scalar field outside their regular event horizon; thus they have scalar hair. The scalar “charge” is not, however, an independent macroscopic degree of freedom. It is proportional to the Hawking temperature, as in the static limit, wherein the BHs reduce to the spherical solutions found by Sotirou and Zhou. The spinning BHs herein are found by solving non-perturbatively the field equations, numerically. We present an overview of the parameter space of the solutions together with a study of their basic geometric and phenomenological properties. These solutions are compared with the spinning BHs in the Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet model and the Kerr BH of vacuum General Relativity. As for the former, and in contrast with the latter, there is a minimal BH size and small violations of the Kerr bound. Phenomenological differences with respect to either the former or the latter, however, are small for illustrative observables, being of the order of a few percent, at most.
What turns CREB on? And off? And why does it matter?
Authors: Steven André , Friedrich Michael , Jank Paul , Heimer Nadine , Budczies Jan , Denkert Carsten , Seliger Barbara
Published: April 2020

Altered expression and function of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response-binding protein (CREB) has been identified to play an important role in cancer and is associated with the overall survival and therapy response of tumor patients. This review focuses on the expression and activation of CREB under physiologic conditions and in tumors of distinct origin as well as the underlying mechanisms of CREB regulation by diverse stimuli and inhibitors. In addition, the clinical relevance of CREB is summarized, including its use as a prognostic and/or predictive marker as well as a therapeutic target.
Ambulante Versorgung akuter Verletzungen der oberen Extremität in der Notfallambulanz in axillärer Plexusanästhesie – Ist das ohne durchgehende Anästhesiebegleitung machbar?
Authors: Rand A. , Avila González C. A. , Feigl G. C. , Mäcken T. , Weiß T. , Zahn P. K. , Litz R. J.
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Patienten, welche sich mit kleineren, aber akut operationspflichtigen Verletzungen an Hand und/oder Unterarm in der Notaufnahme vorstellen, in den laufenden Operationsbetrieb einzubringen, stellt aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen eine Herausforderung dar. Eine Alternative bietet die zeitnahe Versorgung in der Notaufnahme. Es wird über die mehrjährige Erfahrung mit einem Behandlungsalgorithmus berichtet, bei dem Notfallpatienten zeitnah in axillärer Plexusblockade (APB) in der Notaufnahme ohne weitere Anästhesiebegleitung versorgt wurden.

Methoden

Patienten wurden auf die prinzipielle Eignung für eine Versorgung außerhalb des allgemeinen Operationsbetriebes vom Operateur vorausgewählt. Nach Ausschluss anästhesiologischer und chirurgischer Kontraindikationen erfolgte in der „holding area“ des OP-Bereichs die sonographisch geführte axilläre Plexus-Blockade (APB) in Einzelinjektionstechnik unter Standardmonitoring. Nach Überprüfung der Blockade erfolgte die weitere Versorgung in der Notaufnahme unter Aufsicht des verantwortlichen Chirurgen ohne Anästhesiebegleitung.

Ergebnisse

Von Januar 2013 bis November 2017 wurden 566 Patienten (46,4 J [11–88], 174,9 cm [140–211], 80,8 kg [42–178], ASA-Status 1/2/3 [190/338/38]) nach dem beschriebenen Behandlungsalgorithmus versorgt. Die APB wurden von 74 Anästhesisten mit maximal 100 mg Ropivacain, 1 %ig, und 400 mg Prilocain, 2 %ig, durchgeführt. Bei 5 % der Patienten war die Blockade nach 20 min unzureichend, sodass eine Nachinjektion mit maximal 2–3 ml Prilocain, 1 %ig, pro entsprechendem Nerv erfolgte. Danach konnte die chirurgische Versorgung bei allen Patienten ohne zusätzliche Analgetika oder Nachinfiltrationen durchgeführt werden. Komplikationen der APB wurden nicht beobachtet.

Schlussfolgerung

Wir konnten zeigen, dass die Versorgung ausgewählter Patienten außerhalb des OP mit einem definierten Behandlungsalgorithmus in einer APB sicher und zuverlässig ohne dauerhafte Anästhesiepräsenz möglich war. Unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für ein solches Vorgehen sind aber die sorgfältige Patientenselektion, die Patientenzustimmung, die sichere, effektive Durchführung der APB sowie die verlässliche Absprache mit dem Operateur.
Ergebnisse nach Plattenstabilisierung der Symphysensprengung
Authors: Jordan Martin C. , Jäckle Veronika , Scheidt Sebastian , Eden Lars , Gilbert Fabian , Heintel Timo M. , Jansen Hendrik , Meffert Rainer H.
Published: April 2020

Hintergrund

Die Symphysensprengung mit entsprechender Diastase kann durch eine Symphysenplatte stabilisiert werden.

Fragestellung

Welche Beckenverletzungen werden mit einer Symphysenplatte stabilisiert und wie ist das Outcome?

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Auswertung von 64 Patienten über einen Untersuchungszeitraum von 24 Monaten.

Ergebnisse

Es waren 56 Patienten männlich, 8 weiblich und das mittlere Alter betrug 44 Jahre (SD ± 17). Unfälle im Straßenverkehr waren der führende Grund für die Beckenverletzung. Die Verteilung nach AO-Klassifikation zeigte sich wie folgt: 14-mal B1-, 10-mal B2-, 5‑mal B3-, 23-mal C1-, 9‑mal C2- und 3‑mal C3-Verletzungen. Die Verteilung nach Young und Burgess ergab: 9‑mal APC-I-, 18-mal APC-II-, 13-mal APC-III-, 9‑mal LC-I-, 3‑mal LC-II-, 2‑mal LC-III- und 10-mal VS-Verletzungen. Der mittlere Injury Severity Score (ISS) betrug 32 und die mittlere stationäre Verweildauer 29 Tage (pos. Korrelation p ≤ 0,001). Im Verlauf war eine radiologische Implantatlockerung bei 52 Patienten nachweisbar. Therapierelevante Komplikationen gab es in 14 Fällen. Hierbei war das Implantatversagen (n = 8) der Hauptgrund für eine operative Revision.

Diskussion

Obwohl die radiologische Implantatlockerung häufig beobachtet wird, ist sie nur selten Grund für einen Revisionseingriff. Kommt es hingegen zum vollständigen Implantatversagen, tritt dies meist innerhalb der ersten postoperativen Wochen auf und ist revisionsbedürftig. Eine frühzeitige Abklärung durch Röntgenbildgebung sollte bei Verdacht erfolgen.
Level set topology optimization for design-dependent pressure loads using the reproducing kernel particle method
Authors: Neofytou Andreas , Picelli Renato , Huang Tsung-Hui , Chen Jiun-Shyan , Kim H. Alicia
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a level set topology optimization method in combination with the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) for the design of structures subjected to design-dependent pressure loads. RKPM allows for arbitrary particle placement in discretization and approximation of unknowns. This attractive property in combination with the implicit boundary representation given by the level set method provides an effective framework to handle the design-dependent loads by moving the particles on the pressure boundary without the need of remeshing or special numerical treatments. Moreover, the reproducing kernel (RK) smooth approximation allows for the Young’s modulus to be interpolated using the RK shape functions. This is another advantage of the proposed method as it leads to a smooth Young’s modulus distribution for smooth boundary sensitivity calculation which yields a better convergence. Numerical results show good agreement with those in the literature.
The impact of global warming and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation on seasonal precipitation extremes in Australia
Authors: Delage François P. D. , Power Scott B.
Published: April 2020

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drives substantial variability in precipitation and drought risk over Australia. Understanding the combined effect of anthropogenic forcing and ENSO on Australian precipitation extremes over the coming century can assist adaptation efforts. Here we use 24 CMIP5 climate models to examine externally forced changes in the frequency of “droughts”, when precipitation falls below the pre-industrial Decile 1 threshold. We focus on June to November (i.e., southern hemisphere Winter–Spring season) because precipitation during this period is important for agricultural production and recharging reservoirs in many parts of the country. The analysis in this paper is based on two 90-year simulations (1900–1989 and 2010–2099) for Historical and RCP8.5 scenarios. We show that the frequency of droughts, including droughts occurring in consecutive Winter–Spring seasons, is projected to increase in the twenty-first century under the RCP8.5 scenario in all eight Natural Resource Management (NRM) “clusters”. Approximately 60% of years are projected to be drought years in Perth, 35% in Adelaide, 30% in Melbourne, and approximately 20–25% of years in Sydney, Canberra and Brisbane. The relative frequency distributions of seasonally averaged Winter–Spring precipitation shift to lower values in all NRM clusters. However, apart from the Southern and Southwestern Flatlands, the shifts are accompanied by changes in the shape of the distributions whereby the high end of the distributions do not shift as much as other parts of the distribution and the wettest seasons become marginally wetter. This means that in most locations generally drier conditions are projected to be infrequently punctuated by seasons that are just as wet or wetter than the wettest years experienced during the twentieth century. While the models generally do a poor job in simulating ENSO precipitation teleconnections over Australia, an increase in ENSO-driven variability is suggested for the Wet Tropics, the Monsoonal North, the Central Slopes and the Southern and Southwestern Flatlands.
Single-row vs. double-row refixation of the subscapularis tendon after primary anatomic shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Ameziane Yacine , Schneider Kristian Nikolaus , Gosheger Georg , Mischke Annika , Schorn Dominik , Rickert Carolin , Liem Dennis
Published: April 2020

Background

The postoperative integrity of the subscapularis tendon after primary anatomical shoulder arthroplasty has a significant effect on postoperative results. A transosseus Single Row Refixation technique (SRR) has shown up to 30% of partial tears in literature, a modified Double Row Refixation technique (DRR) has biomechanically shown a significantly reduced tear rate, but is yet to be proven in a clinical setting. Thus, we compared the SRR to the DRR technique using clinical outcome parameters and ultrasound examination.

Materials and methods

36 patients (40 shoulders; 20f, 16 m; øage: 66 years) were included in our retrospective cohort study. 20 shoulders were treated with the SRR technique (12f, 8 m; FU ø40.9 months) and 20 with the DRR technique (11f, 9 m; FU ø31.6 months). The SRR was performed with three to five transosseus mattress sutures. DRR consisted of two medial placed transosseus sutures and four laterally placed single tendon-to-tendon sutures. The postoperative subscapularis integrity was evaluated by ultrasound examination, the clinical outcome was assessed with the Constant–Murley Score (CS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES).

Results

The subscapularis tendon was intact in 14 patients (70%) after SRR, whereas 18 patients (90%) treated with the DRR demonstrated a sonographically intact postoperative subscapularis tendon. The CS was 61.4 points in the SRR cohort and 67.3 points in the DRR cohort (p = 0.314). No significant differences were found in both cohorts preoperative (øSRR: 21.3 points; øDRR: 16.2 points,p = 0.720) and postoperative absolute ASES Scores (øSRR: 70.2 points; øDRR: 73.0 points,p = 0.792). However, the DRR cohort showed a statistical tendency to a higher postoperative ASES increase than the SRR cohort (øSRR-ASES increase: 48.9 points; øDRR-ASES increase: 56.8 points,p = 0.067).

Conclusion

The results of this study show that application of the DRR technique can significantly reduce the total rate of postoperative subscapularis tears what effects a clinical tendency towards higher ASES improvements and a better range of motion compared to the SRR technique.
Microbial lipid production by oleaginous yeasts grown on Scenedesmus obtusiusculus microalgae biomass hydrolysate
Authors: Younes Samer , Bracharz Felix , Awad Dania , Qoura Farah , Mehlmer Norbert , Brueck Thomas
Published: April 2020

Due to increasing oil prices and climate change concerns, biofuels have become increasingly important as potential alternative energy sources. However, the use of arable lands and valuable resources for the production of biofuel feedstock compromises food security and negatively affect the environment. Single cell oils (SCOs), accumulated by oleaginous yeasts, show great promise for efficient production of biofuels. However, the high production costs attributed to feedstocks or raw materials present a major limiting factor. The fermentative conversion of abundant, low-value biomass into microbial oil would alleviate this limitation. Here, we explore the feasibility of utilizing microalgae-based cell residues as feedstock for yeast oil production. We developed an efficient, single‐step enzymatic hydrolysis to generate Scenedesmus obtusiusculus hydrolysate (SH) without thermo-chemical pretreatment. With this eco-friendly process, glucose conversion efficiencies reached 90–100%. Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus, Cryptococcus curvatus and Rhodosporidium toruloides were cultivated on SH as sole nutrients source. Only C. oleaginosus was able to accumulate intracellular lipids, with a 35% (g lipid/g DCW) content and a yield of 3.6 g/L. Our results demonstrate the potential valorization of algal biomass into desired end-products such as biofuels.

Graphic Abstract
Loss of mitochondrial ClpP, Lonp1, and Tfam triggers transcriptional induction of Rnf213, a susceptibility factor for moyamoya disease
Authors: Key Jana , Maletzko Antonia , Kohli Aneesha , Gispert Suzana , Torres-Odio Sylvia , Wittig Ilka , Heidler Juliana , Bárcena Clea , López-Otín Carlos , Lei Yuanjiu , West A. Phillip , Münch Christian , Auburger Georg
Published: April 2020

Human RNF213, which encodes the protein mysterin, is a known susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD), a cerebrovascular condition with occlusive lesions and compensatory angiogenesis. Mysterin mutations, together with exposure to environmental trigger factors, lead to an elevated stroke risk since childhood. Mysterin is induced during cell stress, to function as cytosolic AAA+ ATPase and ubiquitylation enzyme. Little knowledge exists, in which context mysterin is needed. Here, we found that genetic ablation of several mitochondrial matrix factors, such as the peptidase ClpP, the transcription factor Tfam, as well as the peptidase and AAA+ ATPase Lonp1, potently induces Rnf213 transcript expression in various organs, in parallel with other components of the innate immune system. Mostly in mouse fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, the Rnf213 levels showed prominent upregulation upon Poly(I:C)-triggered TLR3-mediated responses to dsRNA toxicity, as well as upon interferon gamma treatment. Only partial suppression of Rnf213 induction was achieved by C16 as an antagonist of PKR (dsRNA-dependent protein kinase). Since dysfunctional mitochondria were recently reported to release immune-stimulatory dsRNA into the cytosol, our results suggest that mysterin becomes relevant when mitochondrial dysfunction or infections have triggered RNA-dependent inflammation. Thus, MMD has similarities with vasculopathies that involve altered nucleotide processing, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. Furthermore, in MMD, the low penetrance of RNF213 mutations might be modified by dysfunctions in mitochondria or the TLR3 pathway.
Logic-based specification and verification of homogeneous dynamic multi-agent systems
Authors: De Masellis Riccardo , Goranko Valentin
Published: April 2020

We develop a logic-based framework for formal specification and algorithmic verification ofhomogeneousanddynamicconcurrent multi-agent transition systems. Homogeneity means that all agents have the same available actions at any given state and the actions have the same effects regardless of which agents perform them. The state transitions are therefore determined only by the vector of numbers of agents performing each action and are specified symbolically, by means of conditions on these numbers definable in Presburger arithmetic. The agents are divided intocontrollable(by the system supervisor/controller) anduncontrollable, representing the environment or adversary. Dynamicity means that the numbers of controllable and uncontrollable agents may vary throughout the system evolution, possibly at every transition. As a language for formal specification we use a suitably extended version of Alternating-time Temporal Logic, where one can specify properties of the type “a coalition of (at least)ncontrollable agents can ensure against (at most)muncontrollable agents that any possible evolution of the system satisfies a given objective$$\gamma$$γ″, where$$\gamma$$γis specified again as a formula of that language and each ofnandmis either a fixed number or a variable that can be quantified over. We provide formal semantics to our logic$${\mathcal {L}}_{\textsc {hdmas}}$$LHDMASand define normal form of its formulae. We then prove that every formula in$${\mathcal {L}}_{\textsc {hdmas}}$$LHDMASis equivalent in the finite to one in a normal form and develop an algorithm for global model checking of formulae in normal form in finite HDMAS models, which invokes model checking truth of Presburger formulae. We establish worst case complexity estimates for the model checking algorithm and illustrate it on a running example.
Variation in trophic niches of oribatid mites in temperate forest ecosystems as indicated by neutral lipid fatty acid patterns
Authors: Maraun Mark , Augustin Dana , Pollierer Melanie M. , Scheu Stefan
Published: April 2020

Shifting of trophic niches of soil microarthropods may allow them to adapt to changing resource conditions as induced by global change processes. However, the capability of microarthropods to shift their trophic niches is little studied. Whereas some studies based on stable isotopes (15N/13C) point to distinct and narrow trophic niches, others indicate that trophic niches are plastic. Here, we investigated shifts in trophic niches of oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari), a major soil detritivore microarthropod group, due to forest management, i.e., plantation of beech and spruce forests in Central Europe, using neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) markers. Due to differential microbial communities, we expected a fungi-based diet of oribatid mites in beech forest, but more bacterial contributions to the diet in spruce forest. Supporting these hypotheses, NLFA markers indicated that the trophic niches of each of the studied oribatid mite species differed between beech and spruce forests and shifted from feeding predominantly on litter and fungi in beech forest to more intensively feeding on bacteria in spruce forest. Oribatid mite species with the most pronounced differences in trophic niches includedAchipteria coleoptrata,Eupelops hirtus,Eupelops plicatusandLiacarus xylariae, which had been classified as primary or secondary decomposers in previous studies. Overall, the results indicate that the ability of oribatid mite species to colonize different habitats and ecosystems is due to their ability to adjust their diet, i.e., to trophic plasticity. Changes in trophic niches in each of the studied oribatid mite species suggest that detritivores in soil may better cope with future changes in environmental conditions and associated changes in resource composition than species above the ground.
Impact of vegetation harvesting on nutrient removal and plant biomass quality in wetland buffer zones
Authors: Jabłońska E. , Winkowska M. , Wiśniewska M. , Geurts J. , Zak D. , Kotowski W.
Published: April 2020

Fertiliser use in agriculture increases the non-point pollution of waters with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Wetland buffer zones (WBZs) are wetland ecosystems between agricultural lands and water bodies that protect surface waters from non-point source pollution. We assessed how vegetation harvesting within WBZs impacts their N and P removal efficiency, nutrient uptake by plants and their biomass quality. We surveyed vegetation of a spontaneously rewetted fen along a small river in Poland, and analysed plant biomass, its nutrient contents and nutrient-leaching potential and the water chemistry. Total N removal reached 34–92% and total P removal 17–63%. N removal was positively related to the initial N concentration, regardless of mowing status. We found a high N removal efficiency (92%) in the harvested site. Vegetation of mown sites differed from that of unmown sites by a higher water-leached carbon and P contents in the biomass. We found that vegetation harvesting may stimulate the overall N removal, but may increase potential biomass decomposability, which eases the recycling of plant-incorporated nutrients back to WBZ. Thus, mowing should always be followed by the removal of biomass. Neglecting already mown WBZs may temporarily lower their nutrient removal efficiency due to potentially faster decomposition of plant biomass.
Epigenetics impacts upon prognosis and clinical management of choroid
plexus tumors
Authors: Thomas Christian , Metrock Katie , Kordes Uwe , Hasselblatt Martin , Dhall Girish
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Choroid plexus tumors comprise of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP, WHO grade I),
atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP, WHO grade II) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC, WHO
grade III). Molecular events driving the majority of choroid plexus tumors remain poorly
understood. Recently, DNA methylation profiling has revealed different epigenetic
subgroups.

Methods

Comprehensive review of epigenetic profiles of choroid plexus tumors in the
context of histopathological, genetic, and clinical features.

DNA methylation profiling segregates choroid plexus tumors into three distinct
epigenetic subgroups: supratentorial pediatric low-risk choroid plexus tumors (CPP and aCPP),
infratentorial adult low-risk choroid plexus tumors (CPP and aCPP), and supratentorial
pediatric high-risk choroid plexus tumors (CPP and aCPP and CPC). Epigenetic subgrouping
provides additional prognostic information in comparison to histopathological grading.

Conclusions

Epigenetic profiling of choroid plexus tumors can be used for the
identification of patients at risk of recurrence and is expected to play a role for treatment
stratification and patient management in the context of future clinical trials.
Identification and mapping of spatial variations in travel choices through combining structural equation modelling and latent class analysis: findings for Great Britain
Authors: Jahanshahi Kaveh , Jin Ying
Published: April 2020

This paper exploits some latest advances in structural equation modelling and latent class analysis for identification and mapping of the spatial variations in travel choices. The approach controls for a wide range of socioeconomic and demographic variables and changes in car fuel prices. The research is focused on employed and self-employed adults, and the method can be readily extended to cover other travellers where such needs arise. The developed methodology enables us to overcome some of the persistent issues that have in the past prevented researchers making a full use of highly correlated and endogenous variables found in good-quality, comprehensive travel surveys at the national or metropolitan scales. Empirical findings from an application of the methodology for Great Britain provide a precise geographical classification of neighbourhoods areas across Britain and reveal the extent to which land use and built form influence commuting travel choices, whilst accounting for residents’ self-selection, spatial sorting and endogenous interactions among the explanatory variables. The results are cogent for defining spatially adapted strategies for planning new transport and land use interventions, particularly in areas that are expected to grow the most in the coming decades.
Risk exposures of European cooperative banks: a comparative analysis
Authors: Mare Davide Salvatore , Gramlich Dieter
Published: April 2020

This study sheds light on risk exposures of cooperative banks in Austria, Germany and Italy. We investigate how major risk elements of banks in these countries have evolved over time, across countries and institutions. Cooperative banks’ exposure to risk is analyzed looking at aggregate risk categories. In detail, we address the questions of (a) how single risk categories can be assessed in a consistent way, (b) how the different risk categories behaved over time, (c) what factors drive the diverse risks and (d) if there are similarities of risk characteristics for specific clusters of cooperative banks. We find that credit, interest rate and residual risk have a high degree of commonality. Liquidity risk is somehow dissociated from the other categories. Nevertheless, the risk behavior appears to vary over time and for different countries. This feature is relevant for the prudent management of cooperative banks and for the assessment of systemic financial risk.
A decade of research on the genetics of entrepreneurship: a review and view ahead
Authors: Rietveld Cornelius A. , Slob Eric A.W. , Thurik A. Roy
Published: April 2020

Studies analyzing the heritability of entrepreneurship indicate that explanations for why people engage in entrepreneurship that ignore genes are incomplete. However, despite promises that were solidly backed up with ex ante power calculations, attempts to identify specific genetic variants underlying the heritable variation in entrepreneurship have until now been unsuccessful. We describe the methodological issues hampering the identification of associations between genetic variants and entrepreneurship, but we also outline why this search will eventually be successful. Nevertheless, we argue that the benefits of using these individual genetic variants for empirical research in the entrepreneurship domain are likely to be small. Instead, the use of summary indices comprising multiple genetic variants, so-called polygenic risk scores, is advocated. In doing so, we stress the caveats associated with applying population-level results to the individual level. By drawing upon the promises of “genoeconomics,” we sketch how the use of genetic information may advance the field of entrepreneurship research.
The Importance of Phobos Sample Return for Understanding the Mars-Moon System
Authors: Usui Tomohiro , Bajo Ken-ichi , Fujiya Wataru , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Koike Mizuho , Miura Yayoi N. , Sugahara Haruna , Tachibana Shogo , Takano Yoshinori , Kuramoto Kiyoshi
Published: April 2020

Phobos and Deimos occupy unique positions both scientifically and programmatically on the road to the exploration of the solar system. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans a Phobos sample return mission (MMX: Martian Moons eXploration). The MMX spacecraft is scheduled to be launched in 2024, orbit both Phobos and Deimos (multiple flybys), and retrieve and return >10 g of Phobos regolith back to Earth in 2029. The Phobos regolith represents a mixture of endogenous Phobos building blocks and exogenous materials that contain solar system projectiles (e.g., interplanetary dust particles and coarser materials) and ejecta from Mars and Deimos. Under the condition that the representativeness of the sampling site(s) is guaranteed by remote sensing observations in the geologic context of Phobos, laboratory analysis (e.g., mineralogy, bulk composition, O-Cr-Ti isotopic systematics, and radiometric dating) of the returned sample will provide crucial information about the moon’s origin: capture of an asteroid or in-situ formation by a giant impact. If Phobos proves to be a captured object, isotopic compositions of volatile elements (e.g., D/H,13C/12C,15N/14N) in inorganic and organic materials will shed light on both organic-mineral-water/ice interactions in a primitive rocky body originally formed in the outer solar system and the delivery process of water and organics into the inner rocky planets.
The use of Callitriche cophocarpa Sendtn. for the reclamation of Cr-contaminated freshwater habitat: benefits and limitations
Authors: Augustynowicz Joanna , Sitek Ewa , Bryniarski Tomasz , Baran Agnieszka , Ostachowicz Beata , Urbańska-Stopa Małgorzata , Szklarczyk Marek
Published: April 2020

This work is the first attempt to evaluate suitability of Callitriche cophocarpa Sendtn. (water-starwort) to remove Cr under real-world conditions. Our earlier laboratory-scale studies demonstrated outstanding hyperaccumulation properties of this aquatic higher plant (macrophyte) toward chromium in solution. We introduced C. cophocarpa plants into the watershed with sediments heavily polluted (on average 1400 mg/kg d.w. of Cr) by a tannery. The plants grew vigorously and exhibited no physiological or anatomical disorders. Based on chemical fractionations of bottom sediments, we found low Cr bioavailability. The element was strongly associated with the sediments and could be classified into the following fractions (%): oxidizable III (68.2) > residual IV (28.8) > reducible II (1.6) > exchangeable I (1.4). Despite this, Cr content in plant organs at the contaminated sites was 33 up to 83 times greater than in the control leaf/stem and roots, respectively. Altering redox potential during, i.e., sediment deposition on land may change chemical forms of bound metals in a solid phase, and thus further increase Cr phytoextraction by plants. With this in mind, we concluded that the species, being an outstanding Cr accumulator under laboratory conditions, can be useful in the reclamation of Cr-polluted sediments under controlled, oxidizing conditions.
The role of tenacious versus flexible goal pursuit in the vulnerability to bipolar disorder
Authors: Dempsey Robert C. , Eardley Katherine , Dodd Alyson L.
Published: April 2020

The vulnerability to bipolar disorder is characterized by dysregulated goal-related behavior, the setting of ambitious and extreme goals, and increases in goal approach behaviors. To date, no studies have investigated the nature of goal pursuit behaviors amongst individuals at a behavioral risk for bipolar disorder in terms of whether goal pursuit is characterized by a tenacious active striving for goals or a more flexible changeable focus on goals. A non-clinical sample of 168 participants completed online measures of mood, bipolar-vulnerability, reward sensitivity, goal-related perfectionist tendencies, tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment behaviors. Our findings demonstrate that bipolar-vulnerability is characterized by the tenacious, not flexible, pursuit of goals, in combination with low regulation of goal behavior, and tendencies towards narcissistic and self-critical perfectionism indicative of setting high ambitious standards and making overly harsh self-judgments when such standards are not met. These findings are similar to those from clinical bipolar samples where there is evidence of prolonged symptom recoveries after the experience of goal frustrations and failures. Reducing the tenacious, active striving for goals amongst at-risk individuals may be a potential avenue for early intervention.