bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Methodology to Analyze the Presence of Sustainability in Engineering Curricula. Case of Study: Ten Spanish Engineering Degree Curricula
Authors: Sánchez-Carracedo Fermín , Moreno-Pino Francisco Manuel , Sureda Bárbara , Antúnez Miguel , Gutiérrez Ibon
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a methodology to analyze the sustainability presence level in the curriculum of an engineering degree. The methodology is applied to ten engineering degrees of the Spanish university system, taught in three different universities. The design used for the research is quantitative and correlational. The analytical instrument used is the engineering sustainability map, which contains the learning outcomes related to sustainability that are expected of engineering students upon completion of their studies. The methodology is used to analyze the curricula of the ten engineering degrees in order to identify what learning outcomes of the engineering sustainability map are developed in each degree. The results indicate that the sustainability competency least present in all the degrees is the “participation in community processes that promotes sustainability,” with an average presence of 23.3%, while the most present is the “application of ethical principles related to the values of sustainability in personal and professional behavior,” with an average presence of 76.6%. In general, learning outcomes related to sustainability have an average presence of 52.1%, so practically half of the cells in the ten engineering sustainability maps are not developed in the degrees under study.
The Integrated Approach to Landscape Management —Experience from Slovakia
Authors: Izakovičová Zita , Miklós László , Miklósová Viktória , Petrovič František
Published: August 2019

The integrated approach to landscape management is generally accepted, but its application is not on the desired practical level. Sectoral approaches to decision-making and planning processes still dominate. The presented paper concerns selected aspects of integrated landscape management in Slovakia. This paper reflects the present state of the long-term effort and experiences of the authors in the integration of ecological knowledge in landscape management tools. The basic methodological procedure needed to achieve this goal consists of analysis, mutual comparison, and confrontation of the existing principles and tools used in applied landscape ecology, as well as in legislation and planning practice. The landscape ecological base for the implementation of scientific achievements in landscape management consists of two methods: landscape ecological planning and ecological network planning. These two methods were implemented into the legislation and practice of nature conservation, physical/territorial planning, watershed management, land arrangement projecting, forestry planning, and flood prevention management. Such systematic landscape ecological regulations in planning practice can be considered the basis for sustainable development.
Tackling Salinity in Sustainable Agriculture—What Developing Countries May Learn from Approaches of the Developed World
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K.
Published: August 2019

Soil salinity is a common problem of the developing world as well as the developed world. However, the pace to reduce salinity is much slower in the developing world. The application of short-term approaches with an unsustainable supply of funds are the major reasons of low success. In contrast, the developed world has focused on long-term and sustainable techniques, and considerable funds per unit area have been allocated to reduce soil salinity. Here, we review the existing approaches in both worlds. Approaches like engineering and nutrient use were proven to be unsustainable, while limited breeding and biosaline approaches had little success in the developing countries. In contrast, advanced breeding and genetics tools were implemented in the developed countries to improve the salinity tolerance of different crops with more success. Resultantly, developed countries not only reduced the area for soil salinity at a higher rate, but more sustainable and cheaper ways to resolve the issue were implemented at the farmers’ field. Similarly, plant microbial approaches and the application of fertigation through drip irrigation have great potential for both worlds, and farmer participatory approaches are required to obtain fruitful outcomes. In this regard, a challenging issue is the transition of sustainable approaches from developed countries to developing ones, and possible methods for this are discussed.
Verification of the Adequacy of the Portuguese Sustainability Assessment Tool of High School Buildings, SAHSBPT, to the Francisco de Holanda High School, Guimarães
Authors: Saraiva Tatiana Santos , Almeida Manuela , Bragança Luís , Barbosa Maria Teresa
Published: August 2019

Sustainable development can be achieved through several activities. The building and construction sector (B & C sector) is one of the major industries, and it can play a crucial role in the improvement of the most relevant environmental impacts. Nowadays, there are major concerns related to sustainability in construction. All types of buildings have different technical aspects; therefore, it is required to develop specific sustainability assessment tools. A school building has peculiarities connected to aspects of sustainability, as it is a building planned to offer adequate environments for the education of adolescents and children. This article shows the application of the SBTool methodology developed specifically for Portuguese high schools, SAHSBPT (Sustainable Assessment for High School Buildings) methodology, that is being elaborated by the first author in her PhD Thesis. This methodology allows architects, engineers and designers to improve sustainability in school buildings, in projects or in the rehabilitation of buildings. The objective of this research is to apply that evaluation tool in order to verify the efficiency of this methodology, as well as to recognize the level of sustainability of the Francisco de Holanda High School Building, in Guimarães, Portugal. The values found in the application of the Sustainable Assessment for High School Buildings in that high schools demonstrate a good result, as the overall value is A, 75% of the total result.
A Three-Stage Hierarchical Model for An Earthquake Shelter Location-Allocation Problem: Case Study of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Chen Jianguo , Xu Wei , Lou Shiyan , Du Peng , Yuan Hongyong , Ip Kuai Peng
Published: August 2019

Earthquakes are one type of natural disaster that causes serious economic loss, deaths, and homelessness, and providing shelters is vital to evacuees who have been affected by an earthquake. Constructing shelters with reasonable capacity in the right locations and allocating evacuees to them in a reasonable time period is one disaster management method. This study proposes a multi-objective hierarchical model with three stages, i.e., an immediate shelter (IS) stage, a short-term shelter (STS) stage, and a long-term shelter (LTS) stage. According to the requirements of evacuees of IS, STS, and LTS, the objective of both the IS and STS stages is to minimize total evacuation time and the objectives of the LTS are to minimize total evacuation time and to minimize total shelter area. A modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used to solve the IS and STS stages and an interleaved modified particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm (MPSO-GA) is applied to solve the LTS stage. Taking Chaoyang District, Beijing, China as a case study, the results generated using the model present the government with a set of options. Thus, according to the preferences of the government, the determination can be made regarding where to construct ISs, STSs, and LTSs, and how to allocate the evacuees to them.
Well-Governed Sustainability and Financial Performance: A New Integrative Approach
Authors: Siminica Marian , Cristea Mirela , Sichigea Mirela , Noja Gratiela Georgiana , Anghel Ion
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the interlinkages between the dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR-economic, environmental, social), financial performance (ROA, ROE), and corporate governance (CG), by applying the structural equation modeling technique (SEM). It is based on a sample of 614 large companies from the European Economic Area, covering specific indicators published by the Thomson Reuters database, for the years 2013–2017. The equation models are structured starting from isolated dependencies between variables, up to the global ones (direct, indirect, and total dependencies). The mixed results obtained imply that the nature and heterogenous content of CSR lead to different statistical dependencies for each of the two financial performance indicators. ROA is positively influenced by the economic dimension of CSR, but, the level of this rate does not necessarily contribute to an increase in the involvement of the company in this type of CSR actions. At the same time, ROA is influenced and affects in a negative way the environmental and social dimensions of CSR. In the case of ROE, it is influenced and impacts the economic and social dimensions in a positive way. The environmental dimension of CSR influences ROE positively, but it is negatively affected by this profitability rate. Corporate governance exerts a positive impact on all of the model’s variables, both as a direct and indirect factor of influence.
Sustaining Yield of Winter Wheat under Alternate Irrigation Using Saline Water at Different Growth Stages: A Case Study in the North China Plain
Authors: Soothar Rajesh Kumar , Zhang Wenying , Liu Binhui , Tankari Moussa , Wang Chao , Li Li , Xing Huanli , Gong Daozhi , Wang Yaosheng
Published: August 2019

Brackish water used for irrigation can restrict crop growth and lead to environmental problems. The alternate irrigation with saline water at different growth stages is still not well understood. Therefore, field trials were conducted during 2015–2018 in the NCP to investigate whether alternate irrigation is practicable for winter wheat production. The treatments comprised rain-fed cultivation (NI), fresh and saline water irrigation (FS), saline and fresh water irrigation (SF), saline water irrigation (SS) and fresh water irrigation (FF). The results showed that the grain yield was increased by 20% under SF and FS treatments compared to NI, while a minor decrease of 2% in grain yield was observed compared with FF treatment. The increased soil salinity and risk of long-term salt accumulation in the soil due to alternate irrigation during peak dry periods was insignificant due to leaching of salts from crop root zone during monsoon season. Although Na+ concentration in the leaves increased with saline irrigation, resulting in significantly lower K+:Na+ ratio in the leaves, the Na+ and K+ concentrations in the roots and grains were not affected. In conclusion, the alternate irrigation for winter wheat is a most promising option to harvest more yield and save fresh water resources.
Perceived Danger and Landscape Preferences of Walking Paths with Trees and Shrubs by Women
Authors: Lis Aleksandra , Pardela Łukasz , Can Wu , Katlapa Anna , Rąbalski Łukasz
Published: August 2019

There have been many studies on the impact of urban greenery on perceived danger and preferences, but not many have been conducted in non-English speaking countries. We carried out our research among female university students in Poland, Latvia and China (n = 243), using a photograph rating survey instrument, and presenting slides presenting park landscapes. We compared the impact of the presence of trees and shrubs and their capability of offering concealment, as well as perceived space use intensity on perceived danger and preferences in all three countries. Participants rated the presence of shrubs as a more positive influence on path use intensity and as a negative influence on perceived danger. The link between tree presence and perceived danger in Poland and Latvia is small as well as insignificant in China. In addition, perceived danger turned out to be a mediator of the relations between the presence of trees and shrubs and perceived path use intensity and preference. Our findings support the idea that vegetation in parks could be shaped so that it does not provide place to hide. However, this recommendation is primarily applicable to areas in which the variable ‘perceived danger’ is of importance.
Historical and Contemporary Use of Natural Stones in the French West Indies. Conservation Aspects and Practices
Authors: Mazabraud Yves
Published: August 2019

The French West Indies (F.W.I.), in the Eastern Caribbean, are part of a biodiversity hotspot and an archipelago of very rich geology. In this specific natural environment, the abundance or the lack of various natural resources has influenced society since the pre-Columbian era. The limited size of the islands and the growth of their economy demand a clear assessment of both the natural geoheritage and the historical heritage. This paper presents a brief review of the variety of the natural stone architectural heritage of the F.W.I. and of the available geomaterials. Some conservation issues and threats are evidenced, with particular emphasis on Guadeloupe. Some social practices are also evoked, with the long-term goal of studying the reciprocal influence of local geology and society on conservation aspects. Finally, this paper argues that unawareness is one of the main obstacles for the conservation of the geoheritage and the natural stone architectural heritage in the F.W.I.
Control Strategy Optimization for Two-Lane Highway Lane-Closure Work Zones
Authors: Hua Xuedong , Wang YinHai , Yu Weijie , Zhu Wenbo , Wang Wei
Published: August 2019

Traffic control is very important for two-lane highway lane-closure work zone traffic management. Control of the open lane’s right of way is very similar to that of a two-phase signalized intersection. Thus, four control strategies including flagger control, pre-timed control proposed by Schonfeld, pre-timed control proposed by Webster, and actuated control are employed for possible use at work zones. Two primary methodologies, the mathematical delay model adopted from signalized intersections, and the simulation model calibrated with field data, are proposed. The simulation and mathematical results show that control strategies for two one-way road intersections could be used for two-lane highway lane-closure work zones. Flagger control after gap-out distance optimization prevails over all the other control strategies in terms of stopped delay, queue length, and throughput, under low or high volumes. Actuated control could be a good alternative for work zone areas due to its small queue length and large vehicle throughput under moderate volume conditions. Our findings may help to optimize the work-zone control strategy and improve operational efficiency at two-lane highway lane-closure work zones.
Doing Good with Creative Accounting? Linking Corporate Social Responsibility to Earnings Management in Market Economy, Country and Business Sector Contexts
Authors: Mutuc Eugene Burgos , Lee Jen-Sin , Tsai Fu-Sheng
Published: August 2019

The mandate of doing good with earnings management has been a subject of inconclusive findings from the past literature and leave issues on the benefits of socially responsible activities and financial reporting of the company. This study investigates the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on accrual-based (AEM) and real-activities earnings management (REM). This study hypothesized that the trade-off exists between these two earnings management strategies, in light of increasing attention of CSR among Asian firms. In addition, this study examines whether the performance of firms in socially responsible activities exhibit different patterns of effect across the two measures of earnings management under the market economy, country, and business sector contexts. This study contemplates on 3906 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2017 of eleven countries in Asia. Our findings show that CSR conceals AEM while it constrains REM. These effects vary according to the market economy classifications, country, and business sector types. Each market, country and business sector has different standpoints in implementing CSR activities and earnings management relevant to the culture, macroeconomic considerations and demands from the stakeholders. Lastly, the discernment on the relevance of building corporate citizenship on financial reporting transparency is elaborated.
Maritime National Single Window—A Prerequisite for Sustainable Seaport Business
Authors: Tijan Edvard , Agatić Adrijana , Jović Marija , Aksentijević Saša
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a comprehensive review of National Single Window concept and its impact on sustainability in maritime transport and seaports. The theoretical frameworks of sustainability, maritime transport, seaports, the National Single Window and the Maritime National Single Window is provided. The importance of stakeholder connectivity in maritime transport and seaports in improving sustainability is demonstrated, as well as the advantages of smoother data exchange through global analysis of National Single Window examples, the majority of which present national and regional best practices and initiatives. Empirical data has been provided in order to demonstrate the impact of National Single Windows and Maritime National Single Windows on seaport sustainability (economic, environmental, and social).
Multi-Period E-Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Considering Consumers’ Preference for Products and AI-Push
Authors: Duan Caiquan , Xiu Guoyi , Yao Fengmin
Published: August 2019

The remanufacturing industry plays a significant role to improve the utilization of resources and contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development. E-commerce channel (e-channel) has become an important retail channel. The multi-period closed-loop supply chain network of electronic channels (E-CLSCN) is studied. Moreover, this study considers the influence of consumers’ preference for products and artificial intelligence push (AI-push) on network balance under the conditions of dynamic and static. The network consists of manufacturers, remanufacturers, and demand markets. Remanufacturers are responsible for collecting and remanufacturing. The multi-period E-CLSCN model is established through variational inequalities. The study finds that whether dynamic or static, consumers’ preference for new products (NP) has positively correlated with the profits of manufacturers and the whole E-CLSCN. Consumers’ preference for remanufacturer products (RP) has only positively correlated with the profits of remanufactures. In the aspect of AI-push, the manufacturers’ AI-push has positively correlated with the profits of the entire players of E-CLSCN, while the remanufacturers’ AI-push has only positively correlated with the profits of the remanufacturers. Also, considering the multi-period, the sensitivity of the demand markets for the investment of manufacturers’ and remanufacturers’ AI-push gradually reduces, and the marginal benefit of AI-push gradually decreases. Finally, this paper addresses interesting managerial insights from the perspective of government and enterprises. Under the dual objectives of environmental protection and economic interests of enterprises, this study provides a reference for governments and enterprises to develop relevant dynamic policies. Namely, the government formulates dynamic environmental protection measures, and enterprises formulate dynamic strategic plans and implement government policies. While promoting the management level of E-CLSCN, it effectively boosts the development of the remanufacturing industry and recycling sustainable economy.
Evaluation of Dust Concentration During Grinding Grain in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Sobczak Paweł , Mazur Jacek , Zawiślak Kazimierz , Panasiewicz Marian , Żukiewicz-Sobczak Wioletta , Królczyk Jolanta , Lechowski Jerzy
Published: August 2019

This work analyses the organic dust concentration during a wheat grinding process which was carried out using two types of grinders: A hammer mill and a roller mill. DustTrak II aerosol monitor was used to measure the concentration of the dust PM10 (particles with the size smaller than 10 μm), PM4.0, and PM1.0. An increase of the grain moisture to 14% resulted in the reduction in PM10 when grinding grain using the hammer mill. An inverse relationship was obtained when grain was ground using the roller mill. A smaller amount of the fraction below 0.1 mm was observed for larger diameter of the holes in the screen and smaller size of the working gap in the roller mill. For both mills, the obtained concentration of the PM10 fraction dust exceeded the acceptable level. To protect farmers health, it is necessary to use dust protection equipment or to modify the grinding technology by changing the grain moisture content and/or the grinding parameters.
Operation Algorithms and Computational Simulation of Physical Cooling and Heat Recovery for Indoor Space Conditioning. A Case Study for a Hydro Power Plant in Lugano, Switzerland
Authors: Katsaprakakis Dimitris , Kagiamis Vasilis , Zidianakis George , Ambrosini Luca
Published: August 2019

This article presents the computational simulation process and the operation algorithms of the VAV and VRV systems, for indoor space conditioning, with extensive physical cooling and heat recovery. Through the introduction of appropriate operation algorithms, the article aims to highlight the high energy saving potential on indoor space conditioning, by exploiting physical cooling and heat recovery processes. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with a case study for a hydro power plant building located in the area of Lugano, Switzerland, with significant cooling needs for the whole year, due to high internal heat gains from indoor electrical equipment. This fact enables physical cooling during winter, for the cooling load coverage, and heat recovery, for the concurrent heating load coverage in different thermal zones of the building. Analytical operation algorithms are developed for a VAV and a VRV system. Both algorithms are computationally simulated. With the VAV system, 86.1% and 63.7% of the annual cooling and heating demand, respectively are covered by physical cooling and heat recovery. With the VRV system, 58.5% of the annual heating demand is covered by heat recovery. The set-up cost of the VAV system is almost twice higher than the set-up cost of the VRV system.
Oblique Stagnation Point Flow of Nanofluids over Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Model: Existence of Dual Solution
Authors: Li Xiangling , Khan Arif Ullah , Khan Muhammad Riaz , Nadeem Sohail , Khan Sami Ullah
Published: August 2019

In the present work we consider a numerical solution for laminar, incompressible, and steady oblique stagnation point flow of Cu − water nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with mass suction S . We make use of the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model to develop the equation of energy and investigate the qualities of surface heat transfer. The governing flow and energy equations are modified into the ordinary differential equations by similarity method for reasonable change. The subsequent ordinary differential equations are illuminated numerically through the function bvp4c in MATLAB. The impact of different flow parameters for example thermal relaxation parameter, suction parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter, free stream parameter, and nanoparticles volume fraction on the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and streamlines are contemplated and exposed through graphs. It turns out that the lower branch solution for the skin friction coefficient becomes singular in shrinking area, although the upper branch solution is smooth in both stretching and shrinking domain. For oblique stagnation-point flow the streamlines pattern are not symmetric, and reversed phenomenon are detected close to the shrinking surface. Also, we observed that the free stream parameter changes the direction of the oncoming flow and controls the obliqueness of the flow. The existing work mostly includes heat and mass transfer as a mechanism for improving the heat transfer rate, which is the main objective of the authors.
Evaluation of the Spider (Phlogiellus genus) Phlotoxin 1 and Synthetic Variants as Antinociceptive Drug Candidates
Authors: Gonçalves Tânia C. , Lesport Pierre , Kuylle Sarah , Stura Enrico , Ciolek Justyna , Mourier Gilles , Servent Denis , Bourinet Emmanuel , Benoit Evelyne , Gilles Nicolas
Published: August 2019

Over the two last decades, venom toxins have been explored as alternatives to opioids to treat chronic debilitating pain. At present, approximately 20 potential analgesic toxins, mainly from spider venoms, are known to inhibit with high affinity the NaV1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, the most promising genetically validated antinociceptive target identified so far. The present study aimed to consolidate the development of phlotoxin 1 (PhlTx1), a 34-amino acid and 3-disulfide bridge peptide of a Phlogiellus genus spider, as an antinociceptive agent by improving its affinity and selectivity for the human (h) NaV1.7 subtype. The synthetic homologue of PhlTx1 was generated and equilibrated between two conformers on reverse-phase liquid chromatography and exhibited potent analgesic effects in a mouse model of NaV1.7-mediated pain. The effects of PhlTx1 and 8 successfully synthetized alanine-substituted variants were studied (by automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology) on cell lines stably overexpressing hNaV subtypes, as well as two cardiac targets, the hCaV1.2 and hKV11.1 subtypes of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) and potassium (KV) channels, respectively. PhlTx1 and D7A-PhlTx1 were shown to inhibit hNaV1.1–1.3 and 1.5–1.7 subtypes at hundred nanomolar concentrations, while their affinities for hNaV1.4 and 1.8, hCaV1.2 and hKV11.1 subtypes were over micromolar concentrations. Despite similar analgesic effects in the mouse model of NaV1.7-mediated pain and selectivity profiles, the affinity of D7A-PhlTx1 for the NaV1.7 subtype was at least five times higher than that of the wild-type peptide. Computational modelling was performed to deduce the 3D-structure of PhlTx1 and to suggest the amino acids involved in the efficiency of the molecule. In conclusion, the present structure–activity relationship study of PhlTx1 results in a low improved affinity of the molecule for the NaV1.7 subtype, but without any marked change in the molecule selectivity against the other studied ion channel subtypes. Further experiments are therefore necessary before considering the development of PhlTx1 or synthetic variants as antinociceptive drug candidates.
A Methodology for Determining Which Diseases Warrant Care in a High-Level Containment Care Unit
Authors: Cieslak Theodore J. , Herstein Jocelyn J. , Kortepeter Mark G. , Hewlett Angela L.
Published: August 2019

Although the concept of high-level containment care (HLCC or ‘biocontainment’), dates back to 1969, the 2014–2016 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) brought with it a renewed emphasis on the use of specialized HLCC units in the care of patients with EVD. Employment of these units in the United States and Western Europe resulted in a significant decrease in mortality compared to traditional management in field settings. Moreover, this employment appeared to significantly lessen the risk of nosocomial transmission of disease; no secondary cases occurred among healthcare workers in these units. While many now accept the wisdom of utilizing HLCC units and principles in the management of EVD (and, presumably, of other transmissible and highly hazardous viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as those caused by Marburg and Lassa viruses), no consensus exists regarding additional diseases that might warrant HLCC. We propose here a construct designed to make such determinations for existing and newly discovered diseases. The construct examines infectivity (as measured by the infectious dose needed to infect 50% of a given population (ID50)), communicability (as measured by the reproductive number (R0)), and hazard (as measured by morbidity and mortality). Diseases fulfilling all three criteria (i.e., those that are highly infectious, communicable, and highly hazardous) are considered candidates for HLCC management if they also meet a fourth criterion, namely that they lack effective and available licensed countermeasures.
Inhibitory and Facilitatory Cueing Effects: Competition between Exogenous and Endogenous Mechanisms
Authors: Lim Alfred , Eng Vivian , Osborne Caitlyn , Janssen Steve M. J. , Satel Jason
Published: August 2019

Inhibition of return is characterized by delayed responses to previously attended locations when the cue-target onset asynchrony (CTOA) is long enough. However, when cues are predictive of a target’s location, faster reaction times to cued as compared to uncued targets are normally observed. In this series of experiments investigating saccadic reaction times, we manipulated the cue predictability to 25% (counterpredictive), 50% (nonpredictive), and 75% (predictive) to investigate the interaction between predictive endogenous facilitatory (FCEs) and inhibitory cueing effects (ICEs). Overall, larger ICEs were seen in the counterpredictive condition than in the nonpredictive condition, and no ICE was found in the predictive condition. Based on the hypothesized additivity of FCEs and ICEs, we reasoned that the null ICEs observed in the predictive condition are the result of two opposing mechanisms balancing each other out, and the large ICEs observed with counterpredictive cueing can be attributed to the combination of endogenous facilitation at uncued locations with inhibition at cued locations. Our findings suggest that the endogenous activity contributed by cue predictability can reduce the overall inhibition observed when the mechanisms occur at the same location, or enhance behavioral inhibition when the mechanisms occur at opposite locations.
Optimize Short-Term Rainfall Forecast with Combination of Ensemble Precipitation Nowcasts by Lagrangian Extrapolation
Authors: Na Wooyoung , Yoo Chulsang
Published: August 2019

The rainfall forecasts currently available in Korea are not sufficiently accurate to be directly applied to the flash flood warning system or urban flood warning system. As the lead time increases, the quality becomes even lower. In order to overcome this problem, this study proposes an ensemble forecasting method. The proposed method considers all available rainfall forecasts as ensemble members at the target time. The ensemble members are combined based on the weighted average method, where the weights are determined by applying the two conditions of the unbiasedness and minimum error variance. The proposed method is tested with McGill Algorithm for Precipitation Nowcasting by Lagrangian Extrapolation (MAPLE) rainfall forecasts for four storm events that occurred during the summers of 2016 and 2017 in Korea. In Korea, rainfall forecasts are generated every 10 min up to six hours, i.e., there are always a total of 36 sets of rainfall forecasts. As a result, it is found that just six ensemble members is sufficient to make the ensemble forecast. Considering additional ensemble members beyond six does not significantly improve the quality of the ensemble forecast. The quality of the ensemble forecast is also found to be better than that of the single forecast, and the weighted average method is found to be better than the simple arithmetic average method.
Nutrient Removal from Chinese Coastal Waters by Large-Scale Seaweed Aquaculture Using Artificial Upwelling
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhao Ruolan , Yao Zhongzhi , Xiao Canbo , Pan Yiwen , Chen Ying , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Yao
Published: August 2019

Ecological engineering by artificial upwelling for enhancing seaweed growth and consequently increasing nutrient removal from seawater has proved promising in combating intense coastal eutrophication. However, a key issue needs to be answered: how much economic and ecological benefit could this engineering bring if it were to be implemented in national aquaculture areas. This study estimated the promoting effect of nutrient concentration change induced by artificial upwelling on kelp growth using a model simulation based on the temperature, light intensity, and nutrient concentration data from three bays in Shandong Province, China— Aoshan Bay, Jiaozhou Bay, and Sanggou Bay. Our results indicate that ecological engineering by artificial upwelling can increase the average yield of kelp by 55 g per plant. Furthermore, based on the current existing kelp aquaculture area of China and the aquaculture density of 12 plants/m2, we inferred that this ecological engineering could increase the natural kelp yield by 291,956 t and the removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrients by 4875–6422 t and 730–1080 t, respectively.
Kupa Tedavisi ve Klinik Uygulamalar
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Muhammet Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Ülkemizde en sık kullanılan geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp yöntemlerinden olan kupa terapisi binlerce yıllık geçmişi olan en eski tıp uygulamalarından birisidir. Bir çok hastalıkta etkili olduğu düşünülmesine rağmen literatürde etkinliğiyle ve etki mekanizmasıyla ilgili yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Kupa uygulamasını temel olarak yaş ve kuru kupa olmak üzere ikiye ayırabiliriz. Kuru kupa tedavisinde kullanılacak kupa materyali uygulama alanına negatif basınç oluşturularak tutturulur. Yaş kupa uygulaması ise kuru kupa uygulaması gibi başlar, ardından bistüri yardımıyla yüzeysel insizyonlar yapılır. Daha sonra tekrar aynı bölgeye kupa kapatılır. Kupa terapisinin bel ağrısı, karpal tünel sendromu, servikal spondilozis, migren, infertilite gibi durumlarda etkili olduğunu belirten yayınlar bulunmaktadır.  Bu derlemede binlerce yıllık geçmişi olan kupa terapisinin tarihçesi, uygulama çeşitleri, etki mekanizması ve klinik uygulama örnekleri özetlenmektedir.
Aromaterapi
Authors: KANAT Tayfun
Published: August 2019

Aromaterapi;
bitkilerden elde edilen aromatik esansiyel yağların fiziksel ve psikolojik
iyilik hali için terapötik kullanımıdır. Aromaterapinin tarihi, arkeolojik
araştırmalarda bulunan distilasyon cihazları ile esansiyel yağ ve diğer
aromatik bitkilerin kullanımına dayanarak 5000 yıllık geçmişe sahiptir.
Ortadoğu ve Eski Mısır’da parfüm ve iyileştirici özelliklerinden
faydalanılmıştır. Ayurveda ve Çin Tıbbında da kullanımı oldukça yaygındır.
Bitkiler iki çeşit yağ üretir; sabit yağlar ve esansiyel yağlar. Sabit yağlar
gliserol esterleri ve yağ asitlerinden oluşur. Esansiyel yağlar tek bir botanik
kaynaktan orijin alan uçucu, organik bileşikler karışımıdır. Esansiyel yağlar
aslında bitkinin immün sisteminin bir parçasıdır, çevresel tehditlere karşı bir
savunma mekanizmasıdır. Bu yağlar çeşitli distilasyon, soğuk sıkma veya
ekstraksiyon metotları ile elde edilir. Literatürde kokuların insan beyni ve
duyguları üzerine pek çok çalışma mevcuttur. Bu çalışmalar kokuların
nörofizyolojik ve otonomik fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkili olduğunu ve bunun da
fiziksel ve ruhsal durumumuzu etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ülkemizin coğrafik
konumu ve ekolojik özellikleri sayesinde çok sayıda tıbbi ve aromatik bitki
türü doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Ancak doğal kaynakların bilinçsiz kullanımı ve
tahribatı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin üretiminde sorun yaratmaktadır. Tıbbi ve
aromatik bitkilerin üretim, hasat ve ihracat aşamalarında standart ve kalite
konusunda sıkıntılar olduğu için üreticilere yönelik eğitimlere ağırlık
verilmesi gerekmektedir. Türkiye’ de aromaterapi başlığı altında ayrı bir
disiplin olmamakla beraber fitoterapinin altında değerlendirilir. Aromaterapi
kişinin rahatsızlığına göre doktorunun uygun gördüğü inhalasyon, dâhilen ve
haricen gibi çeşitli uygulamalarla kullanılabilir. Aromaterapide fayda zarar
dengesini de kurmakta fayda vardır. Her ne kadar yan etkiler minimal düzeyde
tanımlansa da bu tamamen zararsız oldukları anlamına gelmemektedir. O yüzden
uygulayıcıların hekim olması ve ürünlerin de mutlaka konusuna hakim eczane ve
eczacılar gözetiminde verilmesi önemli bir faktördür.
Doğuma Hazırlık Sınıfı Eğitimlerinde Kullanılabilecek İnovatif Bir Yöntem: Hibrit Simülasyon
Authors: YAĞCAN Hande , SEZER Hale
Published: August 2019

Bu derlemede doğuma hazırlık sınıfı
eğitimlerinde, verilen eğitimin etkinliğini artırabilecek inovatif bir öğretim
yöntemi olan hibrit simülasyonun incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doğuma
hazırlık sınıfı eğitimlerinde katılımcılara içeriğin aktarımında en fazla tek
yönlü ve klasik anlatım yönteminden, soru cevap tekniğinden ve demonstrasyon
yönteminden yararlanıldığı saptanmıştır. Gebelik süreci boyunca kadınların doğum
korkularını yenerek bedenlerini kontrol etme becerisi kazanmasında ve eğitimin
kalıcılığının artırılmasında hibrit simülasyon gibi yaparak, yaşayarak
öğrenmeyi sağlayan yeni öğretim yöntemlerinden de yararlanılabilineceği
düşünülmektedir. İnovatif öğretim yöntemlerinden biri olan hibrit
simülasyonun literatürde daha çok sağlık profesyonellerinin mesleki
eğitimlerinde kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Bunlardan parça görev öğreticisi
olarak bilinen pelvik maketlerin ya da özel hazırlanan pantolonların standardize
hastanın/eğitmeninin bedenine bağlanarak birlikte kullanılması ile anne
adaylarının yüksek geçerlikte simülasyon deneyimi yaşaması sağlanabilmektedir.
Ayrıca gebelikte büyüyen uterusun ağırlığını, fetüsün
hareketlerini ve uterusun doğum anındaki kontraksiyonlarını hissetmelerini
sağlayan hibrit simülatör özel yelekler ile baba adaylarının da bu sınıflarda
gebelik ve doğumu deneyimlemeleri sağlanabilecektir.

        Anne
adaylarının ve aile üyelerinin doğum sürecini gerçekleşmeden önce yaşayarak
görmeleri, intrapartum ve postpartum dönemde gerçekleşecek olan fizyolojik ve
psikolojik değişimler ile ilgili bilgileri daha iyi anlamalarını sağlayacaktır.
Bu nedenlerle gebelerin bedenlerini yönetmelerini sağlayabilecek parça görev
öğreticilerin ve hibrit simülasyonun kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bu inovatif
öğretim yöntemi sayesinde sağlık profesyonelleri, anne adayları ve yakınları eğitilerek
gebelik, doğum, lohusalık ve bebek bakımında daha donanımlı hissetmeleri ve
doğum korkularını yenerek sezaryen doğumların azalması sağlanarak Dünya Sağlık
Örgütü’nün ve TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı’nın hedeflemiş olduğu oranlara
ulaşılabilecektir.
Dental İmplant Uygulanan Hastaların Demografik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: POLAT Mehmet Emrah , SARUHAN Nesrin , GOJAYEVA Gunay
Published: August 2019

Hedefler: Diş
hekimliğinin en temel hedefi hastalara estetik ve fonksiyonel beklentileri
karşılayacak bir tedavi sunmaktır, bu amaçla dental implant tedavisi gün
geçtikçe artan bir oranda dental pratikte kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı;
dental implant cerrahisi uygulanmış hastaların demografik ve klinik durumlarını
ve dental implantların özelliklerini değerlendirmek ve tanımlayıcı istatistiksel
yöntemler ışığında yorumlamaktır. Malzemeler
ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza, dental implant tedavisi için kliniğimize başvurmuş
117 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler demografik ve klinik olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Uygulanan
dental implantların 160’ı (%50.8) kadın, 155’i (%49.2) erkek hastalara uygulanmıştır.
Dental implantların 177’si (%56.2) maksillaya, 138’i (%43.8) mandibulaya uygulanmıştır.  Dental implantların %80.0’i kısmi dişsizliği,
%15.2’si tam dişsizliği ve %4.8’i tek diş eksikliğini gidermede kullanılmıştır.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızdan elde edilen veriler
sonucu; dental implantların kadınlarda ve kısmi dişsizlik vakalarında daha sık
uygulandığı görülmektedir.
Parenteral Satisfaction After Dental Rehabilitation Under General Anesthesia in Children
Authors: DELİKAN Ebru , ÇALIŞKAN Seçil , KİZİLASLAN Sena
Published: August 2019

Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfaction levels of parents whose children had been treated under general anesthesia for dental treatment, and to determine pre-treatment factors affecting satisfaction levels. Methods:A total of 230 children treated under general anesthesia with nasal intubation due to dental phobia/ anxiety, systemic disease or physical/ mental disabilities were included in the study. There were 13 questions in the questionnaire and the data were collected from the parents on the phone (minimum a month after general anesthesia) and the answers were recorded by the same pediatric dentist. For statistical analysis of the data, Chi square, T test and Spearman correlation tests were performed.Results:Patients sample was composed of 139 male and 91 female children with ages ranging from 1,5 to 18 years (mean age: 6.4 ±2.7 year). The distribution of the patients treated under general anesthesia had various systemic conditions; 58 children had mental disabilities, 150 were healthy (with dental phobia / anxiety) and 23 had systemic disorders. There was significant difference between parental satisfaction and difficulty of dental treatment under general anesthesia, prior information about dental treatment under general anesthesia, most of the parents were satisfied with their children’s treatment under GA: 68.3% were very satisfied,and 30.3 % moderately satisfied. In addition, positive significant correlation was found between the number of unsuccessful clinical treatment experience of children and waiting periods / satisfaction status of general anesthesia.Conclusion:The level of parental satisfaction about dental care under GA in children was high. As reported by parents, dental fear was the most important reason of GA use is dental treatment. In children, this fear should always be correctly diagnosed and prevented. Dental treatments under general anesthesia should be resorted to only when absolutely necessary.
Penentuan Konsentrasi Aktivator Asam Sulfat Terbaik pada Pretreatment Zeolit Alam Lampung (Zal) sebagai Katalisator untuk Reaksi Esterifikasi Gliserol dan Asam Asetat Menjadi Triacetin
Authors: Ariyadi Achmad , Ginting Simparmin Br.
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitan untuk memperoleh konsentrasi aktivator asam sulfat terbaik pada tahapan pretreatment Zeolit Alam Lampung sebagai katalisator pada reaksi esterifikasi gliserol dan asam asetat membentuk triacetin. Proses pretreatment yang dilakukan adalah aktivasi secara kimia dimana zeolit direndam dalam asam sulfat dengan konsentrasi 0,2 ; 0,3  dan  0,4 N. Zeolit hasil aktivasi  dianalisis rasio SiO2/Al2O3 dengan analisis XRF. Kemudian ketiga pretreated zeolit dengan variasi konsentrasi aktivator tersebut diuji kinerjanya sebagai katalis pada reaksi pembentukan triacetin dari gliserol dan asam asetat dengan waktu reaksi 90 menit dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel setiap 15 menit lalu dibandingkan dengan reaksi menggunakan katalis zeolit tanpa aktivasi serta reaksi tanpa katalis. Konversi tertinggi dan terbaik didapatkan pada katalis pretreated zeolit 0,2 N asam sulfat dengan konversi sebesar 11,75 %. Analisis XRF memberikan hasil bahwa semakin meningkat konsentrasi aktivator asam sulfat, semakin meningkat juga rasio SiO2/Al2O3 zeolit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan perlakuan aktivasi pada zeolit tidak menimbulkan perubahan struktur yang signifikan.
Identifikasi Pelaku Etnomedisin dan Informasi Jenis Tanaman Obat yang Digunakan dan Tumbuh di Provinsi Lampung (Kajian Pengembangan Taman Herbal di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2017)
Authors: Rangga Azhari , Astuti Hernita , User Purwoto , Subowo Agus , Hendra Jekvy
Published: August 2019

studi tentang etnomedisin pada dasarnya untuk memahami budaya kesehatan dari sudut pandang masyarakat, terutama sistem pengobatan alternatif menggunakan tanaman obat yang telah menjadi tradisi masyarakat secara turun temurun. Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini untuk  mendapatkan informasi mengenai identitas personal dan data pendukung pelaku Etnomedisin; merumuskan informasi jenis-jenis tanaman obat yang dikembangkan di Provinsi Lampung, memberikan informasi khasiat dan kemanfaatan tanaman obat berdasarkan kajian literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan profil 5 orang pelaku etnomedisin dengan berbagai jenis tanaman yang digunakan yang tumbuh di Provinsi Lampung sejumlah 35 jenis tanaman obat, sedangkan sisanya diperoleh dari daerah lain. Output pengembangan adalah penyediaan bahan baku obat tradisional yang selalu tersedia dengan target luas lahan dan jenis tanaman yang digunakan mendukung kebutuhan program kesehatan tradisional maupun industri farmasi yang berkelanjutan.
Peningkatan Lipid dunaliella salina dengan Variasi Konsentrasi N2
Authors: Purba Elida , Rohdina Wildan Arief
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh variasi konsentrasi N2 terhadap perolehan jumlah lipid Dunaliella salina dengan intensitas cahaya sebesar 3000 lux. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi N2 yang sesuai untuk memperoleh lipid Dunaliella salina maksimum. Fotosintesis berlangsung di dalam fotobioreaktor dengan volume bioreaktor 2 l (500 ml Dunaliella salina, 1500 ml air laut, dengan variasi N2 0,06, 0,07, 0,08, 0,09 dan 0,1 M) dengan laju alir gas total 5 l/menit. Pengkulturan dilakukan selama 5 hari dan memanen biomassa pada hari ke-5. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan perolehan lipid seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi N2 yang diberikan. Jumlah lipid maksimum diperoleh pada variasi N2 0,1 M yaitu 2,3727 %.
SOME ASSOCIATIVITY RESULTS FOR RANDOM VARIABLES IN STRANGE GROUPS
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Let ̃z be a bare-foot dependent path. Recently, there has been muchinterest in the derivation of isomorphisms on strange groups that come inthe way of ~z. Let there exist a countable infinity of such groups, [[G]]. Weshow that [[G]] has one or more isomorphisms to a Dojo D.Keywords; Bare-foot paths, Measure Theory, Higher Operators, StrangeGroups, Techno Gibberish, model theory, Dojo Theory
Mapillary based plant distributions of ethnobotanical afforestation.
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: August 2019

Abstract:Mapillary is an open-source code base for the use of GPU based Deep Learning for Semantic Segmentation of wild images. We propose the creation of an autonomous drone for the automated capture of scientific images of medicinal and edible plants to create geotagged maps of plants on Mapillary.com with additional tags on plant sizes, species, and edible and medicinal value. This information is used in the planning of sponsored five or more level afforestation as social and academic forestry for edible and medicinal value. The same research is also useful in planning afforestation on Mars. Keywords: Miyawakis, Mapillary, Seamless Segmentation, FPN, ResNet50, Redtail, Edible and Medicinal Plants, Geotag