bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Bio‐Nanocomposite Films with Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Das Mamata , Panda Rupayana , Ray Lipsa , Sethy Chinmayee , Kundu Chanakya Nath , Tripathy Jasaswini
Published: February 2023

The antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide (GO) have triggered a strong interest in the development of GO‐based antimicrobial polymer nanocomposites. GO incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blend‐based polymer nanocomposites are developed for antibacterial applications. The successful synthesis of GO is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy while the fabrication of CMC/PVP blend and CMC/PVP/GO is confirmed through FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphological characteristics of polymer nanocomposites are studied using scanning electron microscopy. The films are also characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) which reveals the successful inclusion of the GO sheets in the polymeric matrix. The antibacterial efficacy of polymeric nanocomposite is tested against Gram –ve bacterial strain (Escherichia coli The CMC/PVP/GO nanocomposites exhibited inhibition of bacterial cell growth.
An Ultrasonic Study to Explore Interactions between Fertilizer and Aqueous Saline Salt Solutions
Authors: Mishra Paritosh L. , Lad Ajay B. , Manik Urvashi P.
Published: February 2023

The acoustic (obtained thorough ultrasonic [NDT] characterization), thermodynamic, and volumetric parameters help to forecast and understand the behavior of intermolecular interactions, strength, or weakness as well as the ilk of the liquid mixture. In this paper, an attempt is carried out to understand the structural or molecular alterations of fertilizer in saline soil salts which results from several solute–solvent, solvent–solvent, and ion–solvent interactions present in the systems to find a way to control the problem of salinity of the soil. Because of the above facts, the ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) measurements studies on fertilizer name as ammonium sulfate having the number of concentrations varying from 0.02 to 0.2 mol kg−1 in water also in 0.5 mol kg−1 aqueous soil salt solution at different temperatures. The various acoustical, thermo‐dynamical, and volumetric parameters that can be calculated are adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific heat ratio (γ), non‐linear parameter (B/A), isothermal compressibility (kT), Pseudo‐Grüneisen parameter (Γ), and internal pressure (πi). Hence, the present study exposes the structural sense of the experimental liquid mixture and results have been described in the light of intermolecular interaction existing in between the fertilizer–water–saline salt solutions.
A Review Study on the Performance of Flexible Pavements
Authors: Jain Rohit , Pandey Satya Prakash , Saxena Anil Kumar
Published: February 2023

Pavements are significant resources of expressway infrastructure. The nation has seen colossal expansion in the vehicle population and expanded hub stacking design during the last decade, leaving its street network overemphasized and prompting untimely disappointment. The kind of weakening present in the asphalt ought to be considered for deciding if it has a useful or underlying inadequacy, so that suitable overlay type and configuration can be created. The structural properties of asphalt are redirection and it is completed by Benkelman Beam & deflectometer test. The evaluation of street conditions is needed to distinguish the explanations behind disintegration before any restoration work is completed. The fundamental boundaries including in the appraisal of street conditions are avoidance and unpleasantness estimation which decided utilizing different test, for example, FWD, Benkelman shaft test, profilometer, and slide obstruction test. This appraisal additionally helps in focusing on the upkeep works as indicated by the necessity. A few procedures are utilized to evaluate the road conditions and contrast and standard standards. In this concentrate on a stretch of road is break down for similar where techniques utilized are visual strategy, Benkelman beam test and slide opposition test. The structural and useful assessment are dissected and created by different specialists. The paper presents an itemized audit of different asphalt exhibitions on primary and utilitarian assessment of adaptable asphalt to inspect the job of components identified with asphalt materials, surface deflection, ecological conditions, sort of traffic and volume of traffic, and to distinguish the constraints and holes in the current information on such examinations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sol–Gel Screen Printed Zn:CdO (ZCO) Film for Optoelectronic Technologies
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Kumari Renu , Sharma Dhirendra Kumar , Shukla Sweta , Agrwal Akansha , Sachan V. K.
Published: February 2023

In present report on Zn doped (5%) CdO thick film is synthesized on to the glass substrate (pre‐cleaned) via sol–gel screen printing process. The synthesized sintered Zn:CdO film are then characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and dark conductivity measurement examinations. The XRD examination of sintered film informs the polycrystalline nature and authenticates that Zn:CdO film holds the cubic crystalline structure. SEM examination dispenses the information on morphology of Zn:CdO film. The EDX examination supports the existence of Cd, O, and Zn in the sintered film. The UV–vis spectroscopy via reflectance mode substantiates the direct transition of band gap with a value of 2.60 eV. PL spectra of the sintered film manifest a strong near band edge emission located around 500 nm. The Arrhenius plot (log σDC vs 1000/T) attests the semiconducting nature for the sintered film.
Air Pollution Impact on Human Health and its Management: A Review
Authors: Khonyongwa Oliver , Kumar Suman , Kumar Naresh , Jha Ajay Kumar , Jain Manish Kumar , Pandey Shri Prakash
Published: February 2023

Air contamination is one of the ecological concerns of developing countries including India, where most people are experiencing poor air quality. Most of the metropolis cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai of India are being suffered from the tremendously high concentration of air contaminants. Acquaintance to air impairment is a principal aspect for both long‐ and short‐term effects on human health and is also a major environmental degradation factor. Its origin is causing health‐related problems. The national and state governments have recognized the various adverse effect of air pollution. So, it is important to address this problem among the various individuals. Moreover, continued efforts, likely the implementation of various standards, highlight the requirement to raise public consciousness about the worth of the air they inhale. A shift to non‐conventional sources of energy is a part of the plan to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Different ministries and department should draw a long‐term integrated and comprehensive plan to address air pollution problem and ensure that citizens breathe clean air.
Utilization of Information and Communication Technology Based Resources and Services in Knowledge Resources Centers: An Analytical Study
Authors: Shrivastava Satish Kumar , Alam Rahat , Pandey Shri Prakash , Babel Praveen
Published: February 2023

The study is examined that the present scenario of Information Communication Technology in the Engineering College Libraries of Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. Recent technological developments have aided in the creation of a digital learning environment through the usage of libraries. Various ICT‐based enabling technologies that can be used to store and disseminate information The specialized function of ICT in Academic Libraries and Information Centres has become an absolute requirement. The research is carried out using a questionnaire survey of librarians and users restricted to engineering college libraries with ICT‐based resources and services.
Synchronized Control Strategy of UPQC to Mitigate the Sag and Swell of Voltage
Authors: Bhardwaj Prashant , Verma Anuj , Jaiswal Shiva Puajn , Lata Suman
Published: February 2023

This paper demonstrates efficacy of the control strategy of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for improvement of three‐phase power quality. UPQC contains a couple of active power filters (APF), one is connected in series and another is shunt. Series APF belongs to the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), it is a promising device for the improvement of transmission efficiency. The Voltage Source Converter (VCS) acts as the brain of series APF while the shunt APF is another part of the UPQC. This series‐connected component injects the compensating voltages that are generated by voltage source inverter (VSI). The entire system of UPQC (series and shunt APF) deals with the voltage dip and voltage swell on the consumer end of the network. Among the major advantages of the system is that this conditioner can captivate or insert true power. It can inject the voltage from 0° to 360° as per the phase angle requirement of the base voltage. It is the major reason why it can work in three different modes. This series APF acts as an active power deliverer for sag condition in the aspect of voltage. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to investigate the analysis and results.
Improvement of Nodularity Value of Graphite in Ductile Iron and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Singh Sudesh , Yadav Susheel , Kumar Amitesh
Published: February 2023

Ductile iron is becoming popular in many industrial applications due to its comparatively high strength and a considerable amount of ductility, which is because of the presence of spheroidal graphite in the microstructure. An effort has been made to improve the nodularity value of graphite in ductile iron by varying the fineness of inoculant, that is, ferro‐silicon (Fe‐Si) and section thickness of the casting. Further, the effects on mechanical properties are also studied. The spheroidal graphite iron specimens for different inoculant treatments, such as without any inoculation, in‐mold inoculation with coarse, and fine Fe‐Si, are prepared. The results have shown that the nodularity increased with in‐mold inoculation with Fe‐Si, and for the same amount of inoculated Fe‐Si, the nodularity is higher for fine Fe‐Si. Ultimate tensile strength is also found to increase with the increase in nodularity, and maximum strength of ≈460 MPa is recorded for a specimen having in‐mold inoculation with fine Fe‐Si. Stepped bar specimens of different thicknesses are also prepared by casting with the same composition for studying the effect of section thickness, and nodularity value is found to be higher for the thinnest section and is about ≈48%.
Study uncovers link between brain inflammation disorder, MI
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2023

Given the high frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations, patients with Anti‐NMDAR Encephalitis (ANMDARE), a relatively unknown condition, could be at an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, according to researchers of a new study examining the connection between the two.
BH provider launches portal to promote workplace wellness
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2023

Observing a need to provide human resources leaders and teams with access to a full library of clinical resources and drive utilization of companies' available mental health services, including their employee assistance programs (EAPs), Talkspace, an online therapy platform, is offering an innovative portal to retrieve that information.
Polymerization of N‐Butyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by Iron‐Containing Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Agner Tamara , Zimermann Amadeo , Machado Fabricio , Neto Brenno A. D. , de Araújo Pedro H. H. , Sayer Claudia
Published: February 2023

The iron‐containing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium heptachlorodiferrate (BMI.Fe2Cl7) and 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (BMI.FeCl4) are applied as catalysts in the homogeneous polymerization of n‐butyl vinyl ether. Both solventless conditions as well as using different organic solvents, catalyst concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times are tested to assess the polymerization conditions that lead to the highest molecular weights of poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether). The Lewis acidic IL BMI.Fe2Cl7 proves to be highly efficient, even at low catalyst concentrations. In bulk polymerization, polymers with 142 kg mol−1 are obtained using a 1:10000 molar ratio of catalyst to monomer. In solution polymerization, the monomer consumption is also rapid and the molecular weight of the polymer is related to the catalyst concentration used. These results indicate the potential of this catalyst for industrial applications. In contrast with the acidic IL, the neutral iron‐containing imidazolium‐based IL BMI.FeCl4 does not show any catalytic activity.
Pregnant Women's experiences with intimate partner violence one year after the COVID‐19 pandemic in Jordan
Authors: Abujilban Sanaa , AbuAbed Asma’a , Mrayan Lina , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Al‐Modallal Hanan , Damra Jalal , Alrousan Dheaya , Hamaideh Shaher
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess the prevalence and compare the levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during the pandemic and to identify the factors that associated with physical IPV among Jordanian pregnant women.

Design

A cross‐sectional, correlational design. Women were asked to report their experience with IPV twice: during and before the pandemic.

Methods

A convenience sampling technique was used to select pregnant women from National Woman's Health Care Center from 15 April to 1 September 2021. The Domestic Violence Questionnaire Screening Tool (DVQST) was used to assess the levels of IPV.

Results

The women (n = 232) who participated in the study experienced considerable levels of IPV before (69% control IPV, 59.90% psychological, 46.10% physical, 43.10% sexual) and during (75.90% control IPV, 64.20% psychological, 46.10% physical, 40.90% sexual) the pandemic. There were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher mean DVQST scores for control IPV and psychological IPV during the pandemic (control IPV mean = 9.78, psychological mean = 7.03) versus before the pandemic (control IPV mean = 8.95, psychological mean = 6.62). Woman's educational level, marriage duration, woman's employment status, and level of mutual understanding were inversely associated with physical IPV during the pandemic.

Patient or Public Contribution

IPV is a global public health problem and a major violation of human rights. The levels of control IPV and psychological IPV increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while the levels of physical and sexual IPV stayed the same. Antenatal screening for IPV is crucial to save women and their offspring from suffering this type of violence.
P1$$ {P}_1 $$‐nonconforming quadrilateral finite element space with periodic boundary conditions: Part II. Application to the nonconforming heterogeneous multiscale method
Authors: Yim Jaeryun , Sheen Dongwoo , Sim Imbo
Published: February 2023

A homogenization approach is one of effective strategies to solve multiscale elliptic problems approximately. The finite element heterogeneous multiscale method (FEHMM) which is based on the finite element makes possible to simulate such process numerically. In this paper we introduce a FEHMM scheme for multiscale elliptic problems based on nonconforming elements. In particular we use the noconforming element with the periodic boundary condition introduced in the companion paper. Theoretical analysis derives a priori error estimates in the standard Sobolev norms. Several numerical results which confirm our analysis are provided.
In situ‐induced epiphytic crystallization of MC PA6 by self‐assembled nucleator and reinforcing effect
Authors: Yin Xiaotong , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin
Published: February 2023

Monomer casting nylon‐6 (MC PA6), as a high‐performance engineering plastic, replaces metals to be widely applied, while further improving the mechanical properties of MC PA6 is significant for its withstanding heavy loads and increasing its range of applications. In this work, amide nucleating agent (NUDA) with good compatibility and crystal matching relationship with PA6 was firstly dissolved in ε‐caprolactam monomer, and MC PA6‐NUDA was synthesized in situ. NUDA self‐assembled into special frameworks and induced epiphytic crystallization of PA6 to form an enhanced sheaf‐like crystal on its surface with microfibrillar structure during the parallel polymerization–crystallization process. Incorporation of appropriate content of NUDA improved the melting/crystallization point and crystallinity with decreasing grain size obviously, and advanced the crystallization process of MC PA6 mainly via reducing the nucleation potential energy and inducing the formation of crystal nuclei. As a result, the glass transition temperature increased, the tensile strength exhibited a significant 22% increase and the fracture toughness was nearly three times that of neat MC PA6. Meanwhile, deformation with many yield folds as well as stress‐whitening phenomena were observed on the impact‐fractured surfaces, presenting a ductile fracture feature, indicating reinforcing and toughening effect of NUDA on the PA6 matrix. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Registration of 64 soybean germplasm lines with all combinations of five soybean aphid resistance genes in two genetic backgrounds
Authors: Diers Brian W. , Lagos‐Kutz Doris M. , Schultz Sarah J. , Cary Troy , Wang Dechun , Hartman Glen L.
Published: February 2023

Soybean aphid is a serious pest in North America, and infestations can cause economically significant losses. Aphid resistance genes have been identified and mapped with genetic markers, and the deployment of cultivars with pyramids of these genes could offer durable resistance. There is a need, however, for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines with different gene pyramids to be developed and tested to improve our understanding of what combinations provide the most resistance across aphid biotypes. We backcrossed the resistance genes Rag1, Rag2, Rag3, Rag4, and Rag6 into the background of two soybean cultivars, and lines with all 32 combinations of these five genes were developed in each background. These lines, LD19‐APH01–LD19‐APH64 (Reg. no. GP‐459–GP‐522, PI 701410–PI 701473), were evaluated for agronomic traits in the field and lines from one background were evaluated for resistance to four soybean aphid biotypes. There were significant differences among the performance of the backcross lines for agronomic traits; however, yield performance for most of the backcross lines did not significantly differ from the recurrent parent. Those lines with the Rag6 resistance gene and many gene pyramids showed a high level of resistance to all four aphid biotypes. Because these lines have the resistance genes in a mostly uniform background, they will be a useful source of germplasm for researchers studying soybean aphid isolates and the interaction between resistance genes and aphid isolates, as well as for breeders who are developing germplasm with resistance gene pyramids.
A shockwave calculation method for aluminized explosive of deep water explosion based on the Kirkwood‐Bethe model
Authors: Sheng Zhenxin , Hao Yi , Liu Jianhu , Wang Haikun , Gao Yuan , Ma Feng
Published: February 2023

To calculate the shockwave propagation of deep water explosions for different explosives quickly and accurately, a calculation method, based on the Kirkwood‐Bethe theory, was proposed. At the same time, an underwater explosion experiment of the aluminized explosive was carried out in the pressure vessel under high hydrostatic pressure. Then, the calculated results and experimental results were compared for peak pressure, impulse and energy flux density. The results indicated that the proposed method can quickly and accurately determine the shockwave propagation of deep water explosions for the aluminized explosives, with satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Using the proposed method, the shockwave of aluminized explosive under the conditions of different charge weight, different depth and different distance were calculated, the propagation laws of peak pressure, impulse and energy flux density with depth and distance were obtained. The calculation method proposed could be used to calculate shockwave propagation for any kind of explosive, if only knows the parameters of detonation and JWL equation of state.
Rapid laser synthesis of surfactantless tantalum‐based nanomaterials as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells
Authors: Mo Xiaoyong , Bouchet Fabre Brigitte , Herlin‐Boime Nathalie , Tse Edmund C. M.
Published: February 2023

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are instrumental in enabling next‐generation fuel cell technologies. At present, expensive precious metals are used as state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. In this report, cost‐effective nanosized tantalum‐based alternatives are synthesized for the first time via a green and scalable laser pyrolysis method as bifunctional catalysts for direct peroxide–peroxide fuel cells. This rapid laser pyrolysis strategy allows for the production of nanoparticles at a laboratory scale of grams per hour, compatible with a detailed exploration of the functional properties of as‐synthesized nanoparticles. By varying the precursor ratio between ammonia and tantalum ethanolate, five tantalum‐based nanomaterials (TaNOC) are prepared with crystalline phases of Ta2O5, Ta4N5, Ta3N5, and TaN in tunable ratios. Electrochemical studies in neutral and alkaline conditions demonstrate that Ta4N5 is the active component for both H2O2 oxidation and reduction. Kinetic isotope effect studies show that protons are involved at or before the rate‐determining step. Long‐term stability studies indicate that Ta3N5 grants surfactant‐free TaNOC‐enhanced longevity during electrocatalytic operations. Taken together, bifunctional TaNOC can act as active and robust electrocatalysts for H2O2 reduction and oxidation. Laser pyrolysis is envisioned to produce refractory metal nanomaterials with boosted corrosion resistance for energy catalysis.
Synergistic fluorescent hydrogel actuators with selective spatial shape/color‐changing behaviors via interfacial supramolecular assembly
Authors: Lu Wei , Wang Ruijia , Si Muqing , Zhang Yi , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhu Ning , Wang Wenqin , Chen Tao
Published: February 2023

Biomimetic intelligent polymeric hydrogel actuators with cooperative fluorescence‐color switchable behaviors are expected to find great potential applications in soft robotics, visual detection/display, and camouflage applications. However, it remains challenging to realize the spatial manipulation of synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors. Herein, we report an interfacial supramolecular assembly (ISA) approach that enables the construction of robust fluorescent polymeric hydrogel actuators with spatially anisotropic structures. On the basis of this ISA approach, diverse 2D/3D soft fluorescent hydrogel actuators, including chameleon‐ and octopi‐shaped ones with spatially anisotropic structures, were facilely assembled from two different fluorescent hydrogel building blocks sharing the same physically cross‐linked agar network. Spatially control over synergistic shape/color‐changing behaviors was then realized in one single anisotropic hydrogel actuator. The proposed ISA approach is universal and expected to open promising avenues for developing powerful bioinspired intelligent soft actuators/robotics with selective spatial shape/color‐changing behaviors.
Fossilized soft tissues in Palaeozoic bryozoans
Authors: Ernst Andrej
Published: February 2023

Thin sections of three Palaeozoic bryozoans reveal fossilized soft tissues that show the position of organic cuticle and internal structures such as the membranous sac and gut. The fossilization occurred apparently due to fast burial under anoxic conditions. The position of a membranous sac in the Permian trepostome Rhombotrypella superangustata is indicative of a progressive polypide cycle. The position of the polypide in the Ordovician Graptodictya delicata behind the superior and interior hemisepta suggests a protective function of the hemisepta.
Carbodiimide‐Fueled Assembly of π‐Conjugated Peptides Regulated by Electrostatic Interactions**
Authors: Yao Ze‐Fan , Kuang Yuyao , Kohl Phillip , Li Youli , Ardoña Herdeline Ann M.
Published: February 2023

Peptides naturally have stimuli‐adaptive structural conformations that are advantageous for endowing synthetic materials with dynamic functionalities. Here, we report a carbodiimide‐based approach, combined with electrostatic modulation, to instruct π‐conjugated peptides to self‐assemble and be responsive to thermal disassembly cues upon consumption of the assembly trigger. Quaterthiophene‐functionalized peptides are utilized as a model system herein to study the formation of nanostructures at non‐equilibrium states. Peptides were designed to have aspartic acid at the termini to allow intramolecular anhydride formation upon adding carbodiimide, which consequentially reduces the electrostatic repulsion and facilitates assembly. We show that the carbodiimide‐fueled assembly and subsequent thermally assisted disassembly can be modulated by the net charge of the peptidic monomers, suggesting an assembly mechanism that can be encoded by sequence design. This carbodiimide‐based approach for the assembly of designer π‐conjugated systems offers a unique opportunity to develop bioelectronic supramolecular materials with controllable formation of dynamic and stimuli‐responsive structures.
Multiscale simulations of nanofluidics: Recent progress and perspective
Authors: Xie Chenxia , Li Hui
Published: February 2023

Nanofluidics research has achieved a significant growth over the past few years. New phenomena of nanoscaled fluid flows are being reported continuously, such as altered liquid properties, fast flows, and ion rectification, which attract tremendous research interests in many fields, such as membrane science, biological nanochips, and energy conventions. Multiscale simulations, covering quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics, coarse‐grained particle dynamics (mesoscale), and continuum mechanics, have shown their great advantages in studying the new frontier of nanofluidics in academia and industry, which is in range of 1–1000 nm scale. These simulations provide the opportunity to visualize the nanofluidics applications existed in the minds of scientists and then guide experimental design to realize the potential of nanofluidics applications in industrial. In this article, we attempt to give a comprehensive review of nanofluidics from the aspect of multiscale simulations. The methodology and role of various simulation methods used in the investigation of nanofluidics are presented. The properties and characteristics of nanofluidics are summarized. The applications of nanofluidics in recent years are emphasized. And then the development of simulation methods and the application of nanofluidics are also prospected.

This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods

Software > Simulation Methods
Effects of rotating square shape and oriented fins on convective flow of nanofluid contained in a cavity under magnetic field effect
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Alsedais Noura , Mahmoud Ehab Mohamed
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with thermo‐solutal convection by the oriented fins inside a cavity mobilized by a nanofluid. The three fins are located horizontally in the cavity's center surrounded by a rotating square shape. ISPH method carries the circular rotation of the embedded square shape over the oriented fins. Three distinct thermal/solutal conditions of an inner shape including adiabatic (C1), hot (C2), and cold (C3) are conducted. The configurations of the oriented fins in improving thermo‐solutal convection are investigated. It is indicated that the expanded fins length supports the rate of heat/mass transfer and delivers a greater overall heat/mass transfer. The lower nanofluid velocity is found at an expanded fins length, adding extra nanoparticles, extra Hartmann number, and cold condition (C3). Adding extra nanoparticles to 20% slows down the nanofluid velocity by 55.28% Increasing the Soret number to two enhances the nanofluid velocity by 69.47%. The circular rotation of an inner shape changes the patterns of nanofluid movements and circulations of temperature and concentration within a cavity. The magnetic field is working effectively at an extra Hartmann number for shrinking the nanofluid velocity and declines the heat/mass transmission in a cavity.
Regularity of the Free Boundary for Measure Constrained Minimizers
Authors: Velichkov Bozhidar
Published: February 2023

Let D be a connected bounded open set in
$$\mathbb {R}^d$$

ℝ

d

and let v ∈ H1(D) be a given non-negative function. This chapter is dedicated to the problem
$$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \min\Big\{\mathcal F_0(u,D)\ :\ u\in H^1(D),\ u-v\in H^1_0(D),\ |\Omega_u\cap D|=m\Big\}, \end{aligned} $$

min

{

ℱ

0

(
u
,
D
)

:

u
∈

H

1

(
D
)
,

u
−
v
∈

H

0

1

(
D
)
,

|

Ω

u

∩
D
|
=
m

}

,

where m ∈ (0, |D|) is a fixed constant and we recall that
$$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \mathcal F_0(u,D)=\int_D|\nabla u|{}^2\,dx. \end{aligned}$$

ℱ

0

(
u
,
D
)
=

∫

D

|
∇
u
|

2

d
x
.

In this chapter, we give the main steps of the proof of Theorem 1.9.
Modeling of hyperelasticity in polyamide 12 produced by selective laser sintering
Authors: Kadkhodaei Mahmoud , Pawlikowski Marek , Drobnicki Rafał , Domański Janusz
Published: February 2023

Polyamide 12 (PA12) is a core material in many 3D-printing techniques, including selective laser sintering (SLS), and its mechanical characterization helps to better understand behaviors of additively manufactured parts made from this polymer. In this paper, the elastic response of SLS-produced PA12 is shown to be nonlinear. Standard test samples with different orientations with regard to the scanning direction are 3D-printed with the use of PA2200 powder, and their elastic response is investigated under uniaxial tension at different strain rates. Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic models are proposed to address the observed nonlinear elasticity of the samples. Cyclic response of the specimens is shown to be stabilized after a few transient cycles so the material parameters are determined for trained samples after shakedown in their response. The obtained parameters are found to depend on the loading speed; thus, a rate-dependent hyperelastic constitutive model is presented for PA12 produced by selective laser sintering. This model is validated by comparing its numerical prediction with empirical responses under simple tension tests.
Modelling of strain-induced martensite formation in advanced medium-Mn automotive sheet steel
Authors: Kaczmarczyk J. , Grajcar A. , Kozłowska A. , Banuelos J. S. Cruz , Opara J. , Tatke N.
Published: February 2023

The modelling of strain-induced martensite formation is simulated in advanced medium-Mn steel. The fraction of retained austenite (8%) embedded in the bainitic matrix is transforming into the strain-induced martensite during progressive static tensile tests. The originally elaborated technique and algorithms (using C++ language) are presented. The finite element method and LS-DYNA (LSTC Company, USA) have been deployed. The calculations of the stress-induced martensite start temperature were performed to characterize the austenite stability. The structural investigations using the SEM and EBSD have been conducted. The comparison of the experimental and numerical results has been made in terms of mechanical austenite stability.
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Bone Microarchitecture of the Axis Exposes Pronounced Regional Heterogeneity Associated with Clinical Fracture Patterns
Authors: Koepke Leon-Gordian , von Kroge Simon , Heuer Annika , Kammal Anna Lena , Ondruschka Benjamin , Rolvien Tim , Viezens Lennart
Published: February 2023

The odontoid process (dens) of the second cervical vertebra (axis) is prone to fracture. While the importance of its skeletal integrity has been previously noted, representative three-dimensional microarchitecture analyses in humans are not available. This study aimed to determine the bone microarchitecture of the axis using high-resolution quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and to derive clinical implications for the occurrence and treatment of axis fractures. For initial clinical reference, the apparent density of the axis was determined based on clinical computed tomography (CT) images in patients without and with fractures of the axis. Subsequently, 28 human axes (female 50%) obtained at autopsy were analyzed by HR-pQCT. Analyses were performed in three different regions corresponding to zones I (tip of dens), II (base of dens), and III (corpus axis) of the Anderson and D’Alonzo classification. Lower apparent densities based on clinical CT data were detected in zone II and III compared to zone I in both the group without and with fracture. In the autopsy specimens, cortical thickness and bone volume fraction decreased continuously from zone I to zone III. Trabecular and cortical tissue mineral density was lowest in zone III, with no differences between zones I and II. In conclusion, our clinical and high-resolution ex vivo imaging data highlight a marked regional heterogeneity of bone microarchitecture, with poor cortical and trabecular properties near the dens base. These results may partly explain why zones II and III are at high risk of fracture and osteosynthesis failure.
Determining Breast Implant Prevalence: A Population Study of Italian Chest Radiographs
Authors: Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio , Firmani Guido , Paolini Guido , Clemens Mark Warren , Argento Giuseppe , Barelli Giulia Marta , Rosati Elisa , Zanovello Claudia , D’Orsi Gennaro , Sorotos Michail
Published: February 2023

Background

Current breast implant prevalence within the general population remains elusive. An accurate prevalence is critical to serve as the denominator for any assessment of breast implant-related complication. The purpose of this manuscript is to assess this prevalence in women aged 20–70 years in Italy.

Materials and Methods

Eight reviewers, demonstrating a mean sensitivity of 87.0% and specificity of 97.0%, were recruited for retrospective identification of implants on chest radiographs from a tertiary academic hospital in a major urban setting. Three final reviewers were selected, and they assessed all eligible chest radiographs collected between January and December 2019. The hospital-based population was compared to epidemiological data at a local, regional and national level to demonstrate homogeneity of age structures using the phi correlation coefficient.

Results

We identified 3,448 chest X-rays which yielded 140 implants, with an overall prevalence of 4.1% for women aged 20–70. Implants were bilateral in 76% of cases and unilateral in 24%. They were placed cosmetically in 47.1% cases and used for reconstruction in 52.9% cases. Phi correlation coefficient found no differences across hospital-based, local, regional and national populations.

Conclusion

A validated method was performed to estimate implant prevalence from an academic hospital in a major urban setting at 4.1% and was used to estimate national prevalence in Italy. The implications of this epidemiologic study may reach across national borders for improved understanding of breast implant epidemiology and in predicting the total number of patients within a given population that may be affected by device complications.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Power doppler ultrasound signal predicts abnormal HDL function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Charles-Schoeman Christina , Wang Jennifer , Shahbazian Ani , Wilhalme Holly , Brook Jenny , Kaeley Gurjit S. , Oganesian Buzand , Ben-Artzi Ami , Elashoff David A. , Ranganath Veena K.
Published: February 2023

Active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and impaired function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Previous work suggests that HDL may become dysfunctional through oxidative modifications within the RA joint. The current work evaluates an association of synovial power doppler ultrasound signal (PDUS) with HDL function and structure. Two open-label clinical therapeutic studies using PDUS as a disease outcome measure were included in this analysis, including a 12-month trial of subcutaneous abatacept in 24 RA patients and a 6-month trial of IV tocilizumab in 46 RA patients. Laboratory assays included assessments of HDL function and structure, HDL and total cholesterol levels, and a cytokine/chemokine panel. Patients with the highest baseline PDUS scores in both clinical studies, had worse HDL function, including suppression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity as well as lower HDL-C levels. Associations between other disease assessments (DAS28 and CDAI) and HDL function/structure were noted but were generally of lesser magnitude and consistency than PDUS across the HDL profile. Treatment with tocilizumab for 6 months was associated with increases in cholesterol levels and improvements in the HDL function profile, which correlated with greater decreases in PDUS scores. Similar trends were noted following treatment with abatacept for 3 months. Higher baseline PDUS scores identified patients with worse HDL function. This data supports previous work suggesting a direct association of joint inflammation with abnormal HDL function.
Velocity loss is a flawed method for monitoring and prescribing resistance training volume with a free-weight back squat exercise
Authors: Jukic Ivan , Prnjak Katarina , King Andrew , McGuigan Michael R. , Helms Eric R.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine the goodness of fit, prediction accuracy, and stability of general and individual relationships between velocity loss and the percentage of completed repetitions out of maximum possible (VL-%repetitions) in the free-weight back squat exercise. The effects of sex, training status and history, as well as personality traits, on the goodness of fit and the accuracy of these relationships were also investigated.

Methods

Forty-six resistance-trained people (15 females and 31 males) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test, and two repetitions to failure (RTF) tests, 72 h apart. RTF tests were performed with 70, 80, and 90% of 1RM with 10 min inter-set rest.

Results

The findings question the utility of using general and individual VL-%repetitions relationships to prescribe training volume with free-weight back squats as (1) the agreement in the %repetitions completed until reaching a given velocity loss threshold across two consecutive testing sessions was unacceptable, regardless of the load used; and (2) the ability of general and individual VL-%repetitions relationships to predict %repetitions in a subsequent testing session were poor (absolute errors > 10%). Sex, training status and history, and personality traits did not affect the goodness of fit of general and individual VL-%repetitions relationships or their prediction accuracy, suggesting potential generalisability of those findings among resistance-trained populations.

Conclusions

VL-%repetitions relationships do not seem to provide any additional benefits compared to costless, traditional methods and hence should not be used for monitoring and prescribing resistance training with a free-weight back squat exercise.
The structure of translating surfaces with finite total curvature
Authors: Khan Ilyas
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we prove that any mean curvature flow translator$$\Sigma ^2 \subset {\mathbb {R}}^3$$Σ2⊂R3with finite total curvature and one end must be a plane. We also prove that if the translator$$\Sigma $$Σhas multiple ends, they are asymptotic to a plane$$\Pi $$Πcontaining the direction of translation and can be written as graphs over$$\Pi $$Π. Finally, we determine that the ends of$$\Sigma $$Σare strongly asymptotic to$$\Pi $$Πand obtain quantitative estimates for their asymptotic behavior.
Long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Huber Franziska , Schulz Jan , Schlack Robert , Hölling Heike , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Meyer Thomas , Rothenberger Aribert , Wang Biyao , Becker Andreas
Published: February 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of children worldwide. The causal mechanisms of ADHD remain unclear as the aetiology of this disorder seems to be multifactorial. One research field addresses the impact on lipid metabolism and particularly serum lipid fractions on the development of ADHD symptoms. This post hoc analysis aimed to investigate long-term changes in serum levels of lipoproteins in children and adolescents with ADHD and controls. Data of German children and adolescents from the nationwide and representative “Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS)” study were analysed at baseline and at a ten-year follow-up. At the two time points, participants in the control group were compared with those in the ADHD group, both before and after propensity score matching. Differences in total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides were assessed between matched children with and without ADHD. In addition, subgroups with versus without methylphenidate use were compared at both time points. At baseline before matching, there were no significant differences for lipid parameters between participants in the ADHD group (n = 1,219) and the control group (n = 9,741): total cholesterol (Exp(ß) = 0.999, 95%-CI 0.911–1.094, p = .979), LDL (Exp(ß) = 0.967, 95%-CI 0.872–1.071, p = .525), HDL (Exp(ß) = 1.095, 95%-CI 0.899–1.331, p = .366) and triglycerides (Exp(ß) = 1.038, 95%-CI 0.948–1.133, p = .412). Propensity score matching confirmed the non-significant differences between the ADHD and non-ADHD group at baseline. At the 10-year follow-up, n = 571 participants fulfilled complete inclusion criteria, among them 268 subjects were classified as ADHD. The two groups did not significantly differ in lipid fractions, neither cross-sectionally nor with regard to long-term changes. There was also no significant difference between methylphenidate subgroups. In this sample of children and adolescents we could not reveal any significant associations between serum lipid fractions and the diagnosis of ADHD, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally; even when methylphenidate use was considered. Thus, further studies using larger sample sizes are required to investigate putative long-term changes in serum lipid fractions related to ADHD.
A novel porcine dentin-derived bone graft material provides effective site stability for implant placement after tooth extraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sapoznikov Lari , Haim Doron , Zavan Barbara , Scortecci Gérard , Humphrey Martin F.
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Assessment of the clinical performance of a porcine dentin-derived particulate bone graft material for bone regeneration after tooth extraction with implant placement at 4 months, in comparison to a commercially available porcine bone-derived graft.

Material and methods

This study was a randomized, parallel-group, semi-double-blinded clinical trial evaluating the clinical safety, tolerability, and performance of Ivory Dentin Graft™ in comparison with a commercial bone-derived material in alveolar ridge preservation following tooth extraction (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, May 12th, 2017, Identifier NCT03150472). Extraction sites were grafted with test or comparator material and a titanium implant placed at 4 months after taking a graft site biopsy. Primary endpoints were the extent of new bone growth and bone-graft integration at 4 months.

Results

The dentin graft material had statistically significantly more new bone formation (60.75% vs 42.81%, p = 0.0084, N = 20 vs 16), better bone-graft integration scores (good integration in 85% vs 40%, p = 0.0066), and higher mean radiodensity of the bone (981.5HU vs 727.7HU, p = 0.0011) at the graft site compared to the bone-derived material. The mean implant insertion torque force was similar for the dentin and bone materials (34.75 Ncm vs 34.06 Ncm). Titanium implant placement was successful in 95% of patients with the dentin graft material compared to 81.25% for the bone graft. Both materials had similar clinical safety and tolerability as determined by adverse events and local site reactions. Physician-assessed ease of grafting and ease of implant placement on a 10-point scale showed no statistical differences (8.78 vs 8.27, p = 0.2355; 8.05 vs 8.75, p = 0.1118, respectively).

Conclusions

A porcine dentin-derived bone graft material has clinical safety, tolerability, and performance for implant placement at 4 months after tooth extraction at least as good as a commercial bone-derived material.

Clinical relevance

The availability of porcine dentin-derived bone graft material allows wider use of dentin-derived material which has so far only been available in the form of autologous dentin from the patient’s own teeth.
The bidirectional relationship between head injuries and conduct problems: longitudinal modelling of a population-based birth cohort study
Authors: Carr Hannah R. , Hall James E. , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Brandt Valerie C.
Published: February 2023

Childhood head injuries and conduct problems increase the risk of aggression and criminality and are well-known correlates. However, the direction and timing of their association and the role of their demographic risk factors remain unclear. This study investigates the bidirectional links between both from 3 to 17 years while revealing common and unique demographic risks. A total of 8,603 participants (50.2% female; 83% White ethnicity) from the Millennium Cohort Study were analysed at 6 timepoints from age 3 to 17. Conduct problems were parent-reported for ages 3 to 17 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and head injuries at ages 3 to 14. A cross-lagged path model estimated the longitudinal bidirectional effects between the two whilst salient demographic risks were modelled cumulatively at three ecological levels (child, mother, and household). Conduct problems at age 5 promoted head injuries between 5 and 7 (Z = 0.07; SE = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.02–0.13), and head injuries at ages 7 to 11 promoted conduct problems at age 14 (ß = .0.06; SE = .0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.12). Head injuries were associated with direct child-level risk at age 3, whereas conduct problems were associated with direct risks from all ecological levels until 17 years. The findings suggest a sensitive period at 5–11 years for the bidirectional relationship shared between head injuries and conduct problems. They suggest that demographic risks for increased head injuries play an earlier role than they do for conduct problems. Both findings have implications for intervention timing.