bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of Spatial Resolution: Identifying Forest Cover from Satellite Data
Authors: Salajanu D. , Olson C.E.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study was to determine if decreasing pixel size increases overall accuracy with which forest species can be separated using satellite data. Classification accuracy achieved with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) channels 2, 3, and 4 were compared with results from SPOT-XS. Reference data prepared from enlarged prints of aerial photographs and field checks included 19 cover types, nine of which were coniferous. Results with SPOT-XS alone yielded an overall accuracy of 70.1 percent, and with Landsat TM 57.1 percent at species level. Overall accuracy increased by 3 percent when either SPOT-XS or Landsat TM data were integrated with SPOT-PAN data.
The Sugar Maple Story: Collaborative Research with Extension Agents and Growers
Authors: Krasny M.E. , Staats L.J. , Smallidge P.J. , Winship C.E.
Published: April 2024

In collaboration with maple producers and cooperative extension agents in New York State and Pennsylvania, we conducted an outplanting trial of sugar maple seedlings selected for high sap sugar content. In addition to providing data about seedling survival and cultivation practices, the trials served as a focus for education efforts and strengthened partnerships between faculty and extension agents. For growers, the trials brought recognition and visibility, which some felt translated to marketing benefits, as well as opportunities to contribute to the maple industry and to enhance stewardship on their land.
Forest Sustainability Discussion Guide Response: Sustainability on the Ground
Authors: Putnam N.
Published: April 2024

If it is true that sustainability may be defined in just about any way we desire, and if perception really is all-important, then I suggest that the most crucial element to sustainability is trust.…
Commentary: Accreditation and You
Authors: Miller E.L.
Published: April 2024

Historically, accreditation has helped specify the educational inputs required to become a professional forester. If the definition of a forester is changing, then accreditation standards must also shift.…
Paving the Way from School to Work: Core Graduate Education at Northern Arizona University
Authors: Kolb T.E. , Daugherty P.J. , DeWald L.E.
Published: April 2024

The School of Forestry at Northern Arizona University requires three courses that provide all graduate students with a core education. The research development and methods course helps prepare graduate students to conduct high-quality research, the proseminar course improves students' ability to prepare and present scientific talks and posters, and the teaching practicum course provides students with opportunities to explore and practice traditional and alternative teaching techniques. Feedback from graduate students and faculty indicates that these courses help promote students' professional development.
Changing Standards for a Dynamic Profession: Forestry Education Accreditation
Authors: Tombaugh L.W.
Published: April 2024

The forestry profession is ever changing, so it follows that accreditation and certification processes and standards must also evolve. The recent work of the SAF Task Force on Forestry Education Accreditation, supplemented by the work of the SAF-NAPFSC Work Group on Forestry Accreditation, should ensure that accreditation and certification continue to serve the forestry profession. Most of the energy of the task force was spent in reviewing the accreditation standards. Several recommendations emerged from these deliberations, chief among them the concepts of core competencies and outcomes assessments.
Book Review: Plundered Promise: Capitalism, Politics, and the Fate of the Federal Lands
Authors: Sedjo R.A.
Published: April 2024

Plundered Promise: Capitalism, Politics, and the Fate of the Federal Lands, by Richard W. Behan, is the author's attack on capitalism—historical and modern. Corporations are bad, as are Washington bureaucrats and the World Trade Organization.…
Perspective: Pendulum in Motion: The Forest Service and Politics
Authors: Hays H.
Published: April 2024

Forestry and the Forest Service respond to social pressures by changing, although slowly. Whether this change is desirable is a matter for debate.…
“I Am Unhide-able”: Conditions of Visibility in The Poet X
Authors: Foote Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Within Latinx literary studies, young adult literature remains on the margins of scholarship. Yet if the overwhelming popularity of Elizabeth Acevedo’s award-winning novel-in-verse, The Poet X (2018), is any indication, then the genre of Latinx young adult literature offers important insights into contemporary Latinx literatures and cultures. This article argues that The Poet X leverages its multimodal qualities to deconstruct the hierarchies of knowledge that render Afro-Latinx subjects, especially young women, both invisible and hypervisible. As slam poetry allows Xiomara, the fifteen-year-old protagonist, to alter these conditions of visibility in her coming-of-age narrative, Acevedo’s book about the medium—a novel of page poems that are the textual source of performance poems housed online—also manifests social change, for Acevedo’s book has helped to shift Latinx young adult literature into a politics of inclusion and a register of empowerment. By centering a young, Dominican, Afro-Latina woman, The Poet X resists the homogenization of Latinidad by turning to slam poetry as a creative outlet of self-reclamation. Drawing from Diana Taylor’s The Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas (2003), the article contends that the literary and performatic qualities of the poems in the text demonstrate why Latinx young adult literature is crucial to Latinx literary studies more broadly. Ultimately, Acevedo’s multimodal poetic project extends its account of Xiomara’s slam experience to uphold Afro-Latinx youth, and Afro-Latinx girls especially, as creators of worlds and makers of knowledge that disrupts traditional constructions of Latinidad.
The N-terminal domains of NLR immune receptors exhibit structural and functional similarities across divergent plant lineages
Authors: Chia Khong-Sam , Kourelis Jiorgos , Teulet Albin , Vickers Martin , Sakai Toshiyuki , Walker Joseph F , Schornack Sebastian , Kamoun Sophien , Carella Philip
Published: April 2024

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding of plant NLR structure and function is limited to the evolutionarily young flowering plant clade. Here, we describe an extended spectrum of NLR diversity across divergent plant lineages and demonstrate the structural and functional similarities of N-terminal domains that trigger immune responses. We show that the broadly distributed coiled-coil (CC) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain families of nonflowering plants retain immune-related functions through translineage activation of cell death in the angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana. We further examined a CC subfamily specific to nonflowering lineages and uncovered an essential N-terminal MAEPL motif that is functionally comparable with motifs in resistosome-forming CC-NLRs. Consistent with a conserved role in immunity, the ectopic activation of CCMAEPL in the nonflowering liverwort Marchantia polymorpha led to profound growth inhibition, defense gene activation, and signatures of cell death. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analyses of CCMAEPL activity delineated a common CC-mediated immune program shared across evolutionarily divergent nonflowering and flowering plants. Collectively, our findings highlight the ancestral nature of NLR-mediated immunity during plant evolution that dates its origin to at least ∼500 million years ago.
Predicting the Equity Premium with Combination Forecasts: A Reappraisal
Authors: Denk Sebastian , Löffler Gunter
Published: April 2024

This paper reappraises the usefulness of combining individual forecasts for predicting the U.S. equity premium. For comparison, we also consider penalized regression and dimension reduction approaches. We fail to find evidence of predictive ability in recent decades, regardless of the forecasting method used. Further analysis shows that an increase in the correlation of individual forecast errors is an important factor in the declining performance of combination forecasts.
Higher First 30-Day Dose of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Is Associated With Decreased Mortality
Authors: Lei Feitong , Lofwall Michelle R. , McAninch Jana , Adatorwovor Reuben , Slade Emily , Freeman Patricia R. , Moga Daniela C. , Dasgupta Nabarun , Walsh Sharon L. , Vickers-Smith Rachel , Slavova Svetla
Published: April 2024

Objective

Buprenorphine is a medication for opioid use disorder that reduces mortality. This study aims to investigate the less well-understood relationship between the dose in the early stages of treatment and the subsequent risk of death.

Methods

We used Kentucky prescription monitoring data to identify adult Kentucky residents initiating transmucosal buprenorphine medication for opioid use disorder (January 2017 to November 2019). Average daily buprenorphine dose for days covered in the first 30 days of treatment was categorized as ≤8 mg, >8 to ≤16 mg, and >16 mg. Patients were followed for 365 days after the first 30 days of buprenorphine treatment. Endpoints were opioid-involved overdose death and death from other causes. Causes and dates of death were obtained using Kentucky death certificate records. Associations were evaluated using multivariable Fine and Gray models adjusting for patient baseline characteristics.

Results

In the cohort of 49,857 patients, there were 227 opioid-involved overdose deaths and 459 deaths from other causes. Compared with ≤8 mg, the adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR) of opioid-involved overdose death decreased by 55% (aSHR, 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–0.60) and 64% (aSHR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.25–0.52) for patients receiving doses of >8 to ≤16 mg and >16 mg, respectively. The incidence of death from other causes was lower in patients receiving >8 to ≤16 mg (aSHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.98) and >16 mg (aSHR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47–0.80) versus ≤8 mg dose.

Conclusions

Higher first 30-day buprenorphine doses were associated with reduced opioid-involved overdose death and death from other causes, supporting benefit of higher dosing in reducing mortality.
Is Using a Ring External Fixator in the Treatment of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia Associated With Better Results or Using a Locking Plate?
Authors: Zargarbashi Ramin , Bagherpour Ali , Panjavi Behnam , Bagherpour Zarchi Masoud
Published: April 2024

Background:

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare disease. CPT is often unilateral and occurs between the middle and distal third of the tibia. Concurrent involvement of the fibula is present in more than half of cases. histologic studies indicate the presence of fibrous hamartoma tissue and a sick periosteum, which leads to recalcitrant bone fracture and, eventually, pseudoarthrosis. Although there are various surgical techniques, we intend to compare the 2 methods of external fixation versus internal plating.

Methods:

Demographic data were collected from 26 patients with frank pseudoarthrosis. After exclusion criteria, patients were compared in groups A (12 patients) and B (11 patients). Resection of hamartoma and sclerotic bone, intramedullary rodding and autologous bone, and periosteal grafting were performed for all patients. In group A, we used a ring external fixator for compression and rotational stability, but in group B, a locking plate was used for these purposes.

Results:

Plating takes less time to use during surgery. In group A, the primary bony union was obtained in 67% of patients, while in group B, 82% of patients had a primary union. Meanwhile, the average time till the final union in group A was 6 months, while in group B, this time was 3.5 months. Positive union mass was obtained in 58% of the patients in group A and 82% of group B. In addition, plating prevented ankle valgus deformity in group B.

Conclusions:

Permanent intramedullary rodding is a surgical requirement for correction of deformity and refracture prevention, but additional stability can be achieved with the use of a ring external fixator or internal plate. Cross union and positive union mass are 2 important factors in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis; these results are achieved to a greater extent and in a shorter period of time using the plate.

Level of Evidence:

level IV – case series.
Prostate cancer burden in major BRICS countries, 1990–2019: findings from the 2019 global burden of disease study
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ma Juanjuan , Li Shuting , Ma Yan
Published: April 2024

Background

This study assessed prostate cancer burden and trends in major BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

Utilizing Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data, we calculated age-standardized rates for prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Joinpoint regression analysis determined the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for trend characterization.

Results

Prostate cancer ranked highest in China for incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. In 2019, Brazil had the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) [55.029 (95% UI: 47.744–81.831)] and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) [372.511 (95% UI: 327.549–549.128)], while South Africa recorded the highest age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) [42.241 (95% UI: 32.146–47.933)], and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) [666.085 (95% UI: 522.626–764.612)]. ASIR and ASPR increased significantly over three decades (AAPC > 0), with varying ASMR and ASDR trends.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer poses a significant public health challenge. While incidence and prevalence rise, mortality declines in China, India, and Brazil. Tailored health policies are crucial to address diverse disease burden characteristics.
Cancer-Specific Mortality Odds Ratios in the Food, Accommodation, and Beverage Activities in Italy
Authors: Gariazzo Claudio , Massari Stefania , Consonni Dario , Marchetti Maria Rosaria , Marinaccio Alessandro
Published: April 2024

Objectives

This study investigated cancer-specific mortality risks of workers employed in food, accommodation and beverage (FAB) activities.Methods:We performed a case-control study based on countrywide mortality and National Social Insurance data. Adjusted cancer-specific mortality odds ratios (MOR) were calculated. We modeled occupational exposure as “ever/never been employed” in FAB activities, using other sectors as reference. Analysis was performed by gender, length of employment and year of smoke banning.Results:About 20,000 cancer deaths in FAB were analyzed. Working in restaurants was positively associated with cancer of lung (MOR = 1.24), bladder (MOR = 1.24), pharynx, and larynx. Accommodation was associated with cancer of pharynx (MOR = 1.46), while beverage with cancer of liver (MOR = 1.22). Gender, length of employment and smoke banning were found effective in modifying some risks.Conclusions:Workers in FAB sectors were at risk for several cancers.
Splenic abscess presenting as pneumonia with pleural effusion initially: A rare case in a 2-year-old girl: A case report
Authors: Chen Siao-Rong , Jiang Chuen-Bin
Published: April 2024

Rationale:

Splenic abscess is rarely discovered during the toddler period. Although most of the cases are typically marked by fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, some of them may suffer life-threatening situations. This study aimed to explore how early detection can prevent serious disease complications.

Patient concerns:

A 2-year-old child with persisted fever and shortness of breathing was admitted. Physical examination was decreasing breathing sound on the left side. We gave empirical antibiotics use with chest tube drainage for 2 days in vain. No fever dropping and persistent left upper abdominal pain were noted. A huge mass was found on left spleen incidentally during abdominal ultrasound screen.

Diagnosis:

Huge splenic abscess.

Intervention:

High-resolution ultrasound and abdominal computer tomogram were conducted to confirm the diagnosis. Percutaneous drainage under computer tomography-guided with antibiotic use was smoothly. No obvious adverse effects were noted during the treatment course. Rapid clinical improvement with decreasing size was observed by ultrasound 10 days after the treatment and fever subsided.

Outcomes:

A period of 3-month follow-up revealed no evidence of recurrence of abscess.

Lessons:

Early diagnosis and intervention are mandatory for splenic abscess to prevent possible ominous consequences. The case study has shown that computer tomography-guided percutaneous drainage, along with appropriate antibiotic therapy, can significantly impact solitary unilocular splenic abscesses, even if they are large. This approach demonstrates the potential to effectively manage splenic abscesses and avoid the need for more invasive procedures such as splenectomy.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of Xanthomatous Giant Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Xu Yuemei , Zhang Xue , Xia Qiuyuan , Zhou Yuning , Wang Xiaotong , Fang Ru , Wang Ya , Tong Qi , Chen Jieyu , Shi Jiong , Fu Yao , Rao Qiu
Published: April 2024

A recent study described a rare subtype of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-mutated renal cell carcinoma primarily characterized by Xanthomatous giant cell morphology. Only 2 cases in young individuals have been reported so far, making the correct diagnosis challenging from a pathological perspective. It remains unknown whether this tumor represents an independent subtype or belongs to otherTSC-mutated tumors. We conducted a clinicopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical profiling of 5 cases of Xanthomatous Giant Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (XGC RCC) with confirmedTSC2mutations through targeted DNA sequencing. In addition, we analyzed transcriptomic profiles using RNA-seq for the following samples: XGC RCC, Low-grade Oncocytic tumors (LOT), High-grade Oncocytic tumors/Eosinophilic Vacuolar Tumors (HOT/EVT), Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinomas (ESC RCC), Chromophobe cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (ChRCC), Renal Oncocytomas (RO), clear cell Renal Cell Carcinomas (ccRCC), and normal renal tissues. There were 2 female and 3 male patients, aged 22 to 58 years, who underwent radical nephrectomy for tumor removal. The tumor sizes ranged from 4.7 to 9.5 cm in diameter. These tumors exhibited ill-defined boundaries, showed an expansive growth pattern, and featured distinctive tumor giant cells with abundant eosinophilic to Xanthomatous cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. All tumors had low Ki-67 proliferation indices (<1%) and demonstrated immune reactivity for CD10, PAX8, CK20, CathepsinK, and GPNMB. Next-generation sequencing confirmedTSC2mutations in all cases. RNA sequencing-based clustering indicated a close similarity between the tumor and ESC RCC. One patient (1/5) died of an accident 63 months later, while the remaining patients (4/5) were alive without tumor recurrences or metastases at the time of analysis, with a mean follow-up duration of 43.4 months. Our research supports the concept that Xanthomatous giant cell renal cell carcinoma (XGC RCC) shares clinicopathological and molecular characteristics with ESC RCC and shows a relatively positive prognosis, providing further support for a close morphologic spectrum between the two. We propose considering XGC RCC as a distinct subtype of ESC RCC.
Comparison of law enforcement officer– versus emergency medical services–placed tourniquets
Authors: Shukla Dhara , Shapiro Geoff , Smith E. Reed , Sarani Babak
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

Tourniquet use for hemorrhage control is a core skill for many law enforcement officers (LEOs) and all emergency medical services (EMS) providers. However, LEO tourniquet training is not as intensive as EMS. Overuse of tourniquet can result in overtriage. We hypothesize that LEOs are more liberal than EMS with tourniquet placement.

METHODS

A 7-year retrospective, single-center study of adult patients who had a tourniquet placed in the field was conducted. Data were stratified by provider who placed the tourniquet. Patient demographics, body location where the tourniquet was placed, hospital location where the tourniquet was removed, incidence of recurrent bleeding and need for operative control of bleeding, and name of injured vessel were recorded. Data were analyzed using Student'stand χ2tests.

RESULTS

A total of 192 patients had 197 tourniquets placed (LEO, 77 [40%]; EMS, 120 [63%]). Most tourniquets were placed on the thigh. There was no difference in body mass index, but the EMS cohort had a higher Injury Severity Score (9.4 vs. 6.5,p= 0.03) and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale severity score (2.4 vs. 1.9,p= 0.007). The LEO-placed tourniquets were more commonly removed in the trauma bay (83% vs. 73%,p= 0.03). The EMS-placed tourniquets were more likely to require operative control of bleeding (23% vs. 6%,p= 0.003). There were no complications related to tourniquet use in either arm.

CONCLUSION

Law enforcement officers are more likely than EMS to place tourniquets without injury to a named vessel or the presence of severe bleeding. Law enforcement officers need better training to determine when a tourniquet is needed. Emergency medical services should be allowed to remove tourniquet if appropriate. Studies on the impact of overtriage based on tourniquet use are needed.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Disruption of Cholinergic Retinal Waves Alters Visual Cortex Development and Function
Authors: Burbridge Timothy J , Ratliff Jacob M , Dwivedi Deepanjali , Vrudhula Uma , Alvarado-Huerta Francisco , Sjulson Lucas , Ibrahim Leena Ali , Cheadle Lucas , Fishell Gordon , Batista-Brito Renata
Published: April 2024

Retinal waves represent an early form of patterned spontaneous neural activity in the visual system. These waves originate in the retina before eye-opening and propagate throughout the visual system, influencing the assembly and maturation of subcortical visual brain regions. However, because it is technically challenging to ablate retina-derived cortical waves without inducing compensatory activity, the role these waves play in the development of the visual cortex remains unclear. To address this question, we used targeted conditional genetics to disrupt cholinergic retinal waves and their propagation to select regions of primary visual cortex, which largely prevented compensatory patterned activity. We find that loss of cholinergic retinal waves without compensation impaired the molecular and synaptic maturation of excitatory neurons located in the input layers of visual cortex, as well as layer 1 interneurons. These perinatal molecular and synaptic deficits also relate to functional changes observed at later ages. We find that the loss of perinatal cholinergic retinal waves causes abnormal visual cortex retinotopy, mirroring changes in the retinotopic organization of gene expression, and additionally impairs the processing of visual information. We further show that retinal waves are necessary for higher order processing of sensory information by impacting the state-dependent activity of layer 1 interneurons, a neuronal type that shapes neocortical state-modulation, as well as for state-dependent gain modulation of visual responses of excitatory neurons. Together, these results demonstrate that a brief targeted perinatal disruption of patterned spontaneous activity alters early cortical gene expression as well as synaptic and physiological development, and compromises both fundamental and, notably, higher-order functions of visual cortex after eye-opening.
Fabaceae and Cerrado savanna: Two descriptors of Brazilian extrafloral nectary plants
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Dayane da Costa , Bächtold Alexandra , Del-Claro Kleber , Silva Estevao Alves da
Published: April 2024

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) have been described in almost 4000 plant species, but there are several gaps in our knowledge of their occurrence and distribution. Here, we investigated the geographical distribution and richness of EFN–plants in Brazilian biomes (Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Amazon, Pantanal, and Pampa). Data were extracted from 170 papers, and our analysis included only EFN–plants that interacted with ants. A total of 224 EFN–plant species in 115 genera and 48 families were registered in five biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pampa, and the Amazon. The Cerrado was evaluated in 64% of all publications, had the highest richness (90 species) and the most exclusive flora compared to the other biomes. In addition, the most studied species belonged to the Cerrado flora (e.g.,Caryocar brasiliense). Fabaceae was the most speciose family, with 76 species, being dominant in all biomes and greatly surpassing other families. Only Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae were found in all biomes, and in general, each biome had its own flora, as only 18 (of 224) plants were found in more than one biome. In a network analysis,Qualea grandilfloraandPlathymenia reticulatawere relatively more important than other species, as they connected biomes and increased the cohesion of the community. Our study shows that our understanding of EFN–plants is limited because the Fabaceae and Cerrado were overrepresented. A detailed record of species occurrence and distribution could be a valuable tool for studying the biodiversity of EFN–plants and their potential mutualistic interactions.
Association of caffeine consumption with memory deficits and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: a BALTAZAR cohort study
Authors: Blum David , Cailliau Emeline , Béhal Hélène , Vidal Jean-Sébastien , Delaby Constance , Buée Luc , Allinquant Bernadette , Gabelle Audrey , Bombois Stéphanie , Lehmann Sylvain , Schraen-Maschke Susanna , Hanon Olivier
Published: April 2024

STRUCTURED ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

We investigated the link between habitual caffeine intake with memory deficits and CSF AD biomarkers in Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients.

METHODS

MCI (N=147) and AD (N=116) patients of the BALTAZAR longitudinal cohort reported their caffeine intake using a dedicated survey and were followed-up for 3 years. Associations of caffeine consumption with cognition, MMSE decline and CSF biomarkers (Tau, pTau181, Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40) were analyzed using logistic and ANCOVA models.

RESULTS

Adjusted on APOEε4, age, sex, education level and tobacco, lower caffeine consumption was associated with higher risk to be amnestic (OR: 2.49 [95%CI: 1.13 to 5.46]; p=0.023) and lower CSF Aβ1-42(p=0.047), Aβ1-42/ Aβ1-40(p=0.040) and Aβ1-42/pTau (p=0.020) in the whole cohort and a faster MMSE decline in amnestic MCI (p=0.024).

DISCUSSION

Data supports the beneficial effect of caffeine consumption to memory decline and CSF amyloid markers in MCI and AD patients.
Chloride Homeostasis Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling
Authors: Morse Jared , Wang Danna , Mei Serena , Whitham Danielle , Hladun Colby , Darie Costel C. , Sintim Herman O. , Wang Modi , Leung KaHo
Published: April 2024

The cGAS–STING signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation. However, the roles of chloride homeostasis on this pathway are unclear. Here, we uncovered a correlation between chloride homeostasis and cGAS-STING signaling. We found that dysregulation of chloride homeostasis attenuates cGAS-STING signaling in a lysosome-independent manner. Treating immune cells with chloride channel inhibitors attenuated 2’3’-cGAMP production by cGAS and also suppressed STING polymerization, leading to reduced cytokine production. We also demonstrate that non-selective chloride channel blockers can suppress the NPC1 deficiency-induced, hyper-activated STING signaling in skin fibroblasts derived from Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) patients. Our findings reveal that chloride homeostasis majorly affects cGAS-STING pathway and suggest a provocative strategy to dampen STING-mediated inflammation via targeting chloride channels.

Highlights

Chloride dysregulation attenuates cGAS-STING signaling in a lysosome-independent manner.

Chloride dysregulation attenuates intracellular 2’3’-cGAMP production.

Chloride dysregulation inhibits STING polymerization and STING-to-IRF3 signaling.

Chloride channel blockers suppress NPC1 deficiency-induced, hyper-activated STING signaling.

Graphical abstract
Toward green production practices: empirical evidence from Thai manufacturers' technical efficiency
Authors: Amornkitvikai Yot , O'Brien Martin , Bhula-or Ruttiya
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The development of green manufacturing has become essential to achieve sustainable development and modernize the nation’s manufacturing and production capacity without increasing nonrenewable resource consumption and pollution. This study investigates the effect of green industrial practices on technical efficiency for Thai manufacturers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the stochastic frontier production function (SFPF) and inefficiency effects model, as pioneered by Battese and Coelli (1995).

Findings

This study shows that, on average, Thai manufacturing firms have experienced declining returns-to-scale production and relatively low technical efficiency. However, it is estimated that Thai manufacturing firms with a green commitment obtained the highest technical efficiency, followed by those with green activity, green systems and green culture levels, compared to those without any commitment to green manufacturing practices. Finally, internationalization and skill development can significantly improve technical efficiency.

Practical implications

Green industry policy mixes will be vital for driving structural reforms toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable economic system. Furthermore, circular economy processes can promote firms' production efficiency and resource use.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the effect of green industry practices on the technical efficiency of Thai manufacturing enterprises. This study also encompasses analyses of the roles of internationalization, innovation and skill development.
Impact of COVID-19 on production decisions of marginal, small and medium farmers: empirical evidence from South India
Authors: Saripalle Madhuri , Chebolu-Subramanian Vijaya
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural production in South India by evaluating the influence of market channels and socioeconomic conditions on the production decisions of farmers during two key cropping seasons. We base our analysis on primary data from 200 marginal, small and medium farmers, primarily focusing on the key seasonal crops, namely paddy and black gram.

Design/methodology/approach

We studied the downstream supply chains of paddy and black gram crops in the district of Villupuram, situated in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Using a Bi-Probit model, we analyzed the production decisions of marginal, small and medium farmers engaged in paddy and black gram cultivation. Various factors are considered, including farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, gender, market channels accessed and the coping strategies employed.

Findings

After the easing of lockdown measures in June 2020, our research revealed substantial disruptions in agricultural production during the critical Kharif and Rabi seasons. Most farmers refrained from returning to their fields during the Kharif season; those who did produced millet as the main crop. Factors such as choice of market channels in previous seasons, economic status, access to all-weather roads, labor availability, gender and coping strategies played an important role in the return to production in the subsequent Kharif and Rabi seasons.

Research limitations/implications

Our data revealed several interesting threads related to price volatility, irrigation and access to markets and their impact on food security. The role of intermediaries and market channels in providing liquidity emerges as an important aspect of farmers' choice of markets. The pandemic impacted all these factors, but a detailed analysis was beyond the scope of this study.

Social implications

We also find that resilience to economic shocks varies not only by economic status but also by gender and social groups. Farmers with female members are more likely to be resilient, and marginal and small farmers primarily belong to social groups that are economically less developed.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on factors influencing farmer choice and decision-making and provides nuances to discussions by analyzing crop-specific supply chains, highlighting the critical role of socioeconomic factors. It also highlights the role of demographics and infrastructural factors like access to all-weather roads and access to markets that influence farmers’ production decisions.
What factors contribute to the socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valorisation of heritage sites?
Authors: Robina-Ramírez Rafael , Pizarro-Polo Ángel , Folgado-Fernández José A. , Santana-Talavera Agustín
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The heritage and tourist attractiveness of Heritage Cities have aroused interest in establishing mechanisms to enhance their value based on the development of sustainability policies. The socioeconomic and socioenvironmental valuation of these heritage sites has become a necessary tool for decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the recommendations of International Council on Monuments and Sites – ICOMOS, this paper proposes a series of indicators and an exploratory model to define the factors that contribute to their valuation. Following the partial least squares structural equation modelling methodology, information was obtained from 363 intramural residents in the three Heritage Cities that currently have management plans in Spain.

Findings

The results show the importance of specifying indicators of sustainable mobility and socioeconomic and socioenvironmental sustainability for an adequate valorisation of heritage sites.

Originality/value

To this end, it is necessary to follow the guidelines of international bodies such as ICOMOS in relation to the management plans.
Exploring industrial symbiosis for circular economy: investigating and comparing the anatomy and development strategies in Italy
Authors: Sgambaro Lucrezia , Chiaroni Davide , Lettieri Emanuele , Paolone Francesco
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the most recurrent variables characterizing the collaborative relationships of industrial symbiosis (IS) (hereinafter also referred to as “anatomic” variables) established in the attempt to adopt circular economy (CE) by collecting evidence from a rich empirical set of implementation cases in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach

The current literature on IS was reviewed, and a content analysis was performed to identify and define the “anatomic” variables affecting its adoption in the circular economy. We followed a multiple-case study methodology investigating 50 cases of IS in Italy and performed a content analysis of the “anatomic” variables characterizing each case.

Findings

This research proposes the “anatomic” variables (i.e. industrial sectors involved, public actors involvement, governmental support, facilitator involvement and geographical proximity) explaining the cases of IS in the circular economy. Each “anatomic” variable is discussed at length based on the empirical evidence collected, with a particular reference to the impact on the different development strategies (i.e. “bottom-up” and “top-down”) in the cases observed.

Originality/value

Current literature on IS focuses on a sub-set of variables characterizing collaboration in IS. This research builds on extant literature to define a new framework of five purposeful “anatomic” variables defining IS in the circular economy. Moreover, we also collect and discuss a broad variety of empirical evidence in what is a still under-investigated context (i.e. Italy).
Differential effects of visual complexity in firm-generated content on consumer engagements: a deep learning approach
Authors: Wang Feng , Yue Mingyue , Yuan Quan , Cao Rong
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This research explores the differential effects of pixel-level and object-level visual complexity in firm-generated content (FGC) on consumer engagement in terms of the number of likes and shares, and further investigates the moderating role of image brightness.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on a deep learning analysis of 85,975 images on a social media platform in China, this study investigates visual complexity in FGC.

Findings

The results indicate that pixel-level complexity increases both the number of likes and shares. Object-level complexity has a U-shaped relationship with the number of likes, while it has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of shares. Moreover, image brightness mitigates the effect of pixel-level complexity on likes but amplifies the effect on shares; contrarily, it amplifies the effect of object-level complexity on likes, while mitigating its effect on shares.

Originality/value

Although images play a critical role in FGC, visual data analytics has rarely been used in social media research. This study identified two types of visual complexity and investigated their differential effects. We discuss how the processing of information embedded in visual content influences consumer engagement. The findings enrich the literature on social media and visual marketing.
New findings of Changxingaspis (Xiushuiaspidae, Galeaspida) from the Silurian of Tarim Basin and Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: LI Xutong , ZHANG Yumeng , LIN Xianghong , ZHU Min , ZHAO Wenjin , TANG Lizhou , SHAN Xianren , GAI Zhikun
Published: April 2024

New discovery of the early Silurian fossil fish Changxingaspis (Xiushuiaspidae, Galeaspida), Changxingaspis nianzhongi sp. nov. and C. gui, are described from the Tataertag Formation in Tarim Basin and the Kangshan Formation in Zhejiang Province, respectively. C. nianzhongi mainly differs from C. gui in the shape of the median dorsal opening that is transverse elliptic with a width/length ratio of about 3.0, the long lateral transverse canals extending to the lateral margin of the headshield, and the second lateral transverse canal with dichotomous branchings. Discovery of C. nianzhongi from the Tataertag Formation and C. gui from the Kangshan Formation provide direct evidence on the specific level for the correlation between these two formations, which further supports the Silurian fish‐bearing red beds in northwest Zhejiang belonging to the Silurian Lower Red Beds (LRBs) rather than the Upper Red Beds (URBs). Additionally, as the first record of the Changxingaspis in Tarim Basin, it extends the paleogeographical distribution of this genus from the South China Block to the Tarim Block, providing new evidence to support faunal exchanges between these two blocks and the hypothesis of a united Tarim–South China Block during the early Silurian.
A historical perspective on Lionel Penrose: Scientist, geneticist and dedicated opponent of eugenics
Authors: Kiladi Maria
Published: April 2024

The paper explores Lionel Penrose's scientific work. Penrose investigated the causes of mental disorders from clinical and genetic points of view. His investigations on phenylketonuria and Down syndrome helped to demonstrate the heterogenous character of mental disorders, whose causes can range from genetic with high penetrance, to largely environmental. He was specifically selected by JBS Haldane to become University College London's third Galton Chair as a result of his Colchester survey investigations. He became the first Galton Chair who had medical training. He never concealed his distaste for anything related to eugenics. As well as using his scientific work to reject eugenic ideas such as suggestions on sterilisation measures or the existence of a social problem group, he campaigned successfully to rename the Department of Eugenics, Biometry and Genetics to Department of Human Genetics and Biometry. With his work, he discredited prejudiced eugenic ideas on mental disorders and became an advocate for those with mental disabilities.
Outcome and feasibility of radiotherapy bridging in large B‐cell lymphoma patients receiving CD19 CAR T in the UK
Authors: Kuhnl A. , Roddie C. , Kirkwood A. A. , Chaganti S. , Norman J. , Lugthart S. , Osborne W. , Gibb A. , Gonzalez Arias C. , Latif A. , Uttenthal B. , Seymour F. , Jones C. , Springell D. , Brady J. L. , Illidge T. , Stevens A. , Alexander E. , Hawley L. , O'Rourke N. , Bedi C. , Prestwich R. , Frew J. , Burns D. , O'Reilly M. , Sanderson R. , Sivabalasingham S. , Mikhaeel N. G.
Published: April 2024

Radiotherapy (RT) has potential synergistic effects with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T but is not widely used as bridging therapy due to logistical challenges and lack of standardised protocols. We analysed RT bridging in a multicentre national cohort of large B‐cell lymphoma patients approved for 3L axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel across 12 UK centres. Of 763 approved patients, 722 were leukapheresed, 717 had data available on bridging therapy. 169/717 (24%) received RT bridging, 129 as single modality and 40 as combined modality treatment (CMT). Of 169 patients, 65.7% had advanced stage, 36.9% bulky disease, 86.5% elevated LDH, 41.7% international prognostic index (IPI) ≥3 and 15.2% double/triple hit at the time of approval. Use of RT bridging varied from 11% to 32% between centres and increased over time. Vein‐to‐vein time and infusion rate did not differ between bridging modalities. RT‐bridged patients had favourable outcomes with 1‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) of 56% for single modality and 47% for CMT (1‐year PFS 43% for systemic bridging). This is the largest cohort of LBCL patients receiving RT bridging prior to CAR T reported to date. Our results show that RT bridging can be safely and effectively used even in advanced stage and high‐risk disease, with low dropout rates and excellent outcomes.
The antioxidant effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid‐based delivery of small activating RNA targeting DJ‐1 on retinal oxidative stress injury
Authors: Wu Qiaowei , Zhu Jingyi , Zhang Xianggui , Xu Xiaoxiao , Luo Delun , Lin Yunfeng , Yan Ming , Song Yanping
Published: April 2024

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the world's leading causes of blindness. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and vascular endothelial cell exposed to oxidative stress is the major cause of AMD and DR. DJ‐1, an important endogenous antioxidant, its overexpression is considered as a promising antioxidant treatment for AMD and DR. Here, we modified the tetrahedral frame nucleic acids (tFNAs) with DJ‐1 saRNAs as a delivery system, and synthesized a novel nanocomplex (tFNAs‐DJ‐1 saRNAs). In vitro studies show that tFNAs‐DJ‐1 saRNAs can efficiently transfer DJ‐1 saRNAs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and ARPE‐19s, and significantly increased their cellular DJ‐1 level. Reactive oxygen species expression in H2O2‐treated HUVECs and ARPE‐19s were decreased, cell viability was enhanced and cell apoptosis were inhibited when tFNAs‐DJ‐1 saRNAs were delivered. Moreover, tFNAs‐DJ‐1 saRNAs preserved mitochondrial structure and function under oxidative stress conditions. In the aspect of molecular mechanism, tFNAs‐DJ‐1 saRNAs activated Erk and Nrf2 pathway, which might contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress damage. To conclude, this study shows the successfully establishment of a simple but effective delivery system of DJ‐1 saRNAs associated with antioxidant effects in AMD and DR, which may be a promising agent for future treatment in oxidative stress‐related retinal disorders.
Targeting novel regulated cell death: Ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Li , Huang Ke , Liao Yixiang , Wang Lingzhi , Sethi Gautam , Ma Zhaowu
Published: April 2024

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy represent key tumour treatment strategies. Notably, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and anti‐programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), have shown clinical efficacy in clinical tumour immunotherapy. However, the limited effectiveness of ICIs is evident due to many cancers exhibiting poor responses to this treatment. An emerging avenue involves triggering non‐apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD), a significant mechanism driving cancer cell death in diverse cancer treatments. Recent research demonstrates that combining RCD inducers with ICIs significantly enhances their antitumor efficacy across various cancer types. The use of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy activates CD8+ T cells, prompting the initiation of novel RCD forms, such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. However, the functions and mechanisms of non‐apoptotic RCD in anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 therapy remain insufficiently explored. This review summarises the emerging roles of ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy. It emphasises the synergy between nanomaterials and PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors to induce non‐apoptotic RCD in different cancer types. Furthermore, targeting cell death signalling pathways in combination with anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 therapies holds promise as a prospective immunotherapy strategy for tumour treatment.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase I trial of co‐administered pyronaridine and piperaquine in healthy adults of sub‐Saharan origin
Authors: Kuemmerle Andrea , Gossen Denis , Janin Annick , Stokes Andrew , Abla Nada , Szramowska Maja , Lorch Ulrike , El Gaaloul Myriam , Borghini‐Fuhrer Isabelle , Chalon Stephan
Published: April 2024

Drug resistance to sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine and amodiaquine threatens the efficacy of malaria chemoprevention interventions in children and pregnant women. Combining pyronaridine (PYR) and piperaquine (PQP), both components of approved antimalarial therapies, has the potential to protect vulnerable populations from severe malaria. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (double‐dummy), parallel‐group, single site phase I study in healthy adult males or females of Black sub‐Saharan African ancestry investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PYR + PQP (n = 15), PYR + placebo (n = 8), PQP + placebo (n = 8), and double placebo (n = 6) administered orally once daily for 3 days at the registered dose for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. All participants completed the study. Forty‐five adverse events were reported in 26 participants, most (41/45) were mild/moderate in severity, with no serious adverse events, deaths, or study withdrawals. Adverse events were reported in 66.7% (10/15) of participants administered PYR + PQP, 87.5% (7/8) with PYR + placebo, 50.0% (4/8) with PQP + placebo, and 83.3% (5/6) with placebo. For PYR containing regimens, five of 23 participants had asymptomatic transient increases in alanine and/or aspartate aminotransferase. With PQP containing regimens, four of 23 participants had mild Fridericia‐corrected QT interval prolongation. Liver enzyme elevations and prolonged QTc interval were consistent with observations for PYR‐artesunate and dihydroartemisinin‐PQP, respectively, administered to healthy adults and malaria patients. Increases in PYR and PQP exposures were observed following co‐administration versus placebo, with substantial interparticipant variability. The findings suggest that PYR + PQP may have potential in chemoprevention strategies. Further studies are needed in the target populations to assess chemoprotective efficacy and define the benefit–risk profile, with special considerations regarding hepatic and cardiac safety.