bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Management Evolution of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials from 2013 to 2020 and Their Impact on Practice Guidelines
Authors: EC Morales-Villegas
Published: November 2020

In this brief review of the recent evolution of the pharmacological treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), we will analyze how different ways of living with diabetes coexist around the world. To define them, we will use the concept that we have called the three contemporary visions of T2DM, namely: dark vision, luminous vision, and bright vision. We will also discuss how the glucocentric paradigm of T2DM treatment led to the development, implementation, and publication of the Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials (CVOTs) in T2DM. Since June 2013, eighteen CVOTs have been published that have studied the cardiovascular safety of fifteen anti-diabetic drugs belonging to four new therapeutic classes. Together, these studies have included more than 150,000 individuals with a cumulative average follow-up of almost half a million patient-years. These studies have shown that beyond glycemic control, six drugs-Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Liraglutide, Semaglutide, and Dulaglutide belonging to two new therapeutic classes, significantly reduce the cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and renal morbidity and mortality of T2DM patients. Thus, establishing a new paradigm in the pharmacological treatment of T2DM, the paradigm of cerebral and cardio-renal protection of the diabetic individual. This substantial evidence has been transferred to the T2DM practice guidelines and, for the first time in this medical field, has been homologated around the world.
Domestication of a Robotic Medication-Dispensing Service Among Older People in Finnish Lapland
Authors: Airola Ella , Rasi Päivi
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a case study on a robotic medication-dispensing service used in the everyday lives of older people in Finnish Lapland through the concept of domestication. The study took an ethnographic approach. A total of 11 service users, practical nurses, and other health-care professionals participated; the service users averaged age 81 years (M= 81.4, SD = 5.4). The data comprised semistructured interviews complemented by observations and photographs at service users’ homes. We concluded that the domestication of the service was successful, although the service users sometimes felt that it limited their lives. The service users stated that learning and subsequently using the service was easy with social network support. The participants indicated their reasons for hesitation in using the service related primarily to concerns in trying new technology, the technical features of the robot, and cognitive or physical difficulties. The service supports “aging in place,” which is in line with the Finnish care policy.
Instituciones e intención emprendedora
Authors: Tarapuez-Chamorro Edwin , Guzmán-Díaz Beatriz , Hidalgo-Villota Mario
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: esta investigación tuvo como propósito analizar el marco institucional que influye en la intención emprendedora (IE) en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia teniendo en cuenta los criterios de las instituciones formales e informales planteados por el economista Douglass North. Método: para lo anterior, se empleó un estudio de carácter mixto y descriptivo, de metodología no experimental, transversal. Se obtuvo información de catorce instituciones públicas y privadas, cuatro expertos y 201 estudiantes de maestría. Resultados: se encontró que en el marco institucional formal de apoyo al emprendimiento no se vislumbra el encadenamiento de esfuerzos estratégicos hacia el establecimiento de una política regional para la creación de empresas. Con relación a las instituciones informales, se detectó una escasa iniciativa en situaciones complejas y baja tolerancia al fracaso. Discusiones: por tanto, la política institucional de apoyo al emprendimiento debe tener filtros que permitan optimizar la utilización de recursos a través de la priorización de iniciativas que generen mayor valor social y económico, a la vez que debe promover el desarrollo de valores empresariales en la población. Conclusiones: las instituciones formales que apoyan el emprendimiento operan de manera dispersa sin un esquema de trabajo colaborativo que promueva el logro de objetivos comunes para generar impactos de mayor envergadura. En cuanto a las instituciones informales, las deficiencias en algunos valores empresariales pueden influir negativamente en la IE.
De la oportunidad reglada a la Mediación. Una progresión ineludible para el reposicionamiento de la víctima en el proceso penal cubano
Authors: Sánchez García Arnulfo , Fernández Silva Yulisán
Published: November 2020

El artículo presenta un bosquejo de la situación actual de la víctima en el proceso penal cubano, y los aspectos que inciden en su exclusión y vulnerabilidad.  Desde esa perspectiva, se evalúan los componentes de la Mediación, que favorecerían su retorno como sujeto procesal, y una mayor eficacia en la reparación del daño. Se analiza el ejercicio de discrecionalidad que ostenta el Ministerio Público y la factibilidad de establecer un esquema progresivo que opere en función de la aplicación de criterios de oportunidad hacia derivación de casos a Mediación. Finalmente se identifican las tipologías delictivas en las resulta más factible un abordaje desde esta vía no adversarial.
El acceso a medicamentos en Colombia y los contornos de un derecho y una política farmacéutica a medio camino
Authors: Figueredo De Pérez Daniel Andrés , Vargas-Chaves Ivan
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo realizar un contraste de los elementos de la política farmacéutica en Colombia frente a las políticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para garantizar el derecho de acceso a los medicamentos. Se llevó a cabo análisis basado en el método inductivo a partir del marco jurídico de referencia recopilado en normatividad, doctrina y jurisprudencia vigente, para así lograr abordar este escenario desde una óptica crítica y propositiva, a manera de resultados. Así, los autores presentan al final del texto una serie de lineamientos y recomendaciones que puedan servir de guía para mejorar los indicadores de acceso a los medicamentos en Colombia.
Inclusión social y discapacidad asociada a los accidentes de tránsito
Authors: Duque Quintero Sandra Patricia , González Sánchez Flor Patricia , Martínez Monsalve Martínez Monsalve
Published: November 2020

En este artículo de investigación se propone abordar el concepto de inclusión social como un elemento clave para el análisis de acciones encaminadas a propiciar espacios de inclusión para la población con discapacidad asociada a accidentalidad vial. La eficacia jurídica permite hacer énfasis en lo subjetivo, lo vivencial y lo cultural para identificar y comprender los desafíos jurídicos, esta fue planteada desde el enfoque de investigación de tipo cualitativo, para abordar la discapacidad asociada a la accidentalidad vial y determinar qué se aplica y cómo se logra el objeto de aplicación, entendiendo la problemática como un proceso histórico a partir de lógicas y con una mirada crítica al interior de las particularidades. De esta forma, y tras la pesquisa realizada, se pudo evidenciar que hablar de inclusión social implica el abordaje del concepto de exclusión social, por tanto, este artículo parte de los antecedentes de la exclusión social, lo cual conlleva la exploración de asuntos como: pobreza, desigualdad, protección social y riesgo social.
Paros, crisis institucional en américa latina y gobernanza democrática
Authors: Rodríguez Casallas Diego Fernando
Published: November 2020

La crisis de las primeras décadas del presente milenio en Latinoamérica conlleva la necesidad de reflexión para el fortalecimiento institucional que permita legitimar ante la sociedad civil el papel del Estado. Es por ello que la participación ciudadana en la identificación de las problemáticas públicas, diseño e implementación de políticas públicas, monitoreo y evaluación de la misma, adquiere relevancia en el cierre de las brechas existentes entre la sociedad y Estado. La gobernanza democrática es el resultado de la vinculación anteriormente descrita entre sociedad y Estado. El presente artículo de reflexión es el resultado de las investigaciones realizadas en el proyecto de investigación: “Nominas Paralelas en la Gobernación de Boyacá para el periodo 2005-2015” adelantado en la Universidad de Boyacá y en la Investigación realizada en el desarrollo del Doctorado en Filosofía con énfasis en Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, en México.
Subreglas jurisprudenciales en las providencias de la corte constitucional Colombiana en torno al defecto fáctico
Authors: Pérez Restrepo Juliana , Herrera Díaz Juan Camilo
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este escrito apunta a describir las subreglas del debido proceso probatorio generadas en decisiones de la Corte Constitucional colombiana, lo cual se llevó a cabo a partir de una investigación cualitativa jurídica, bajo el método comprensivo y el enfoque metodológico hermenéutico, apoyándose de la modalidad de investigación documental y el análisis jurisprudencial. El derecho a presentar pruebas y a controvertir las que se alleguen en contra es un derecho fundamental, primordial en un Estado de Derecho, lo que permite desarrollar en buena medida el derecho de acceso a la administración de justicia, el derecho de defensa y contradicción en un cualquier escenario, puntualmente para lo tratado aquí, en procesos judiciales, e inclusive en procedimientos administrativos. Ese derecho, que hace parte del derecho relacional del debido proceso, ha presentado variados criterios para ser protegido ante sus múltiples vulneraciones, cuestiones a las que se hace aproximación a través del abordaje del tópico de tutela contra providencias judiciales, haciendo énfasis en el error en lo probatorio; así como la sistematización de tales subreglas en el marco del debido proceso probatorio, para la obtención, valoración y licitud de la prueba judicial. Lo que, finalmente, se complementa con la descripción de casos concretos relevantes resueltos a la luz de las subreglas jurisprudenciales mencionadas, mediante las cuales se protege el derecho a la prueba. Tener claridad frente a este ámbito jurídico repercute en las garantías de infinidad de derechos y robustece el sistema jurisdiccional, constitucional y democrático.
Derecho a la resistencia y constitucionalismo: apuntes desde Gargarella
Authors: Mejía Turizo Jorge , Maiguel Donado Camilo Andrés , Barrios Márquez Elías Jacob
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo, pretende esbozar un análisis historiológico, iusfilosófico y sociológico de cómo las sociedades a lo largo de la historia han estado relacionadas a la lucha popular como medio de acción ante la cosmología que le acaece. Se inicia desde el punto del constitucionalismo como análisis desde Inglaterra, donde se comprueba que la lucha popular acompañó este momento de la historia, se aterriza en el pensamiento de Gargarella sobre el derecho a la resistencia y finalmente se hace una reflexión acerca de las realidades sociales contemporáneas. El diseño metodológico se encausó por el paradigma hermenéutico e histórico-crítico, con un método deductivo y enfoque cualitativo, apoyados en la técnica de análisis documental, sobre todo de fuentes bibliográficas específicas y generales sobre el derecho a la resistencia y sentencias de la Corte Constitucional. Como resultado, se obtiene que la lucha popular, siempre estuvo y estará presente en la historia para la redefinir y garantizar los derechos.
Estrategias de ciudadanía juvenil aplicadas en la formación de agentes de Paz y Derechos Humanos
Authors: Restrepo Pimienta Jorge Luis , Cotrina Gulfo Yamid Enrique , Daza Sagbini Alberto José
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Ejecutar estrategias de ciudadanía juvenil como herramienta de formación de agentes de paz en las Instituciones Educativas Distritales de la localidad suroriente de Barranquilla. Metodología: Se exponen los resultados de la ejecución del presente proyecto en la IED San José de Barranquilla, consistentes en el desarrollo de proyectos de servicio social obligatorio por parte de estudiantes de educación media de 10º, articulando iniciativas desde la Universidad y el Estado. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se llevaron a cabo talleres que en su conjunto corresponden a la formación en educación continuada en la modalidad de acción de formación a la población seleccionada, con la finalidad de fortalecer la Institución Educativa como espacio protector-promotor de paz y la reconciliación.
Anthropologie expériencielle
Authors: Meintel Deirdre
Published: November 2020

L'anthropologie expérientielle est basée sur la prémisse selon laquelle l'intersubjectivité entre l’anthropologue et les gens qu'il étudie représente une voie légitime vers la connaissance et que le monde vécu des autres est accessible au chercheur, du moins en partie.
Leer la ciudad: una apuesta para aprender una geografía viva
Authors: Ramírez Acosta Jorge Isaac , Zapata Rivera Nathalia
Published: November 2020

Acercarse al concepto de ciudad implica múltiples retos, uno de ellos es la diversidad de acepciones que se encuentran al respecto al tratarse de un concepto inter y transdisciplinar. Así, en este trabajo se hace una aproximación al lenguaje sobre la ciudad en las ciencias sociales y en la didáctica de la geografía para identificar elementos que permiten la incorporación de la ciudad en el currículo, con la finalidad de hacer de la enseñanza una práctica viva que brinde conocimientos socialmente útiles a los estudiantes en su cotidianidad a partir del diseño de estrategias pedagógicas contextualizadas.
Laboratory protocol for bacteriological and physico-chemical technique in water sample analysis v1
Authors: Tadesse Mr Gemeda; Shibabaw , Tadesse Mr Gemeda shibabaw , Melake Mr Birhan; Solomon , Tolasa Mr Bedane Hailu
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 coordinates international efforts toward “clean water and sanitation”. Water contaminated with diarrheal bacteria or thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) will not achieve the SDGs in the lives of people around the world. In contribution, our research in Ethiopia demonstrates that current international standards around water access have not properly specified standards around water quality. The aim of this study is to assess the water quality parameters of basic water services in Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia as well as the role and importance of local managerial committees in ensuring water functionality. Our findings demonstrate that 34% of functional water services in Ethiopia are reclassified as non-functional once tested for TTC. Methods: This mixed methods research, took place from January to June 2019, sampled 22 districts from government lists of food-insecure areas in the Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia. Within each district, 111 water services, classified as “basic,” and their associated WASHCos were randomly selected. Mixed methods research included testing of water quality samples, observation of water sources, interviews and focus group discussions with WASHCo members. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were used to determine the associations of variables at 95% CI and 5% level of significance (p-value of <0.05). Results: 34% of “functional” basic water had non-potable water due to TTC. The interview and FGDs identified poor management, absence of skilled technicians and lack of spare parts as chronic reasons for non-functionality. In multivariable regressions, the odds of having functional basic water services in Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia were 8.006 times more likely when the WASHCos knew their duties and accountabilities than when they did not know. The odds of having functional basic water services were 30% more likely when the detection of Total Coliform Count in CFU/100 ml decreases. Conclusion: Our findings from Amhara and Afar regions of Ethiopia emphasize the importance of water quality to be added to the definition of basic water services in the global development indicators. Upon testing for water quality, 38 (34.23%) of “functional” water services are reclassified as “non-functional” water services. Our findings from Ethiopia suggest that additional research should be undertaken in other developmental contexts to assess the percentage of basic water services that, when water quality is taken into account, are found to be non-functional.
The Effect Of Beclin 1, P53 Mutation, Ki-67 Proliferation İndex, Tumor Necrosis and Microvascular İnvasion On Prognosis İn Renal Cell Carcinomas and Their Relationship With Known Prognostic Parameters
Authors: SEÇİNTİ İlke Evrim , AKINCIOĞLU Egemen , KANDEMİR Olcay
Published: November 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to help identify new prognostic markers in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), to show the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of RCC and to shed light on new treatment modalities in RCC.
Material and Methods: Clinicopathological stages, tumor necrosis and microvascular invasion (MVI) were determined retrospectively and Beclin-1, Ki-67, and p53 were studied immunohistochemically.
Results: Tumor necrosis, MVI, Ki-67, and p53 in RCCs were positively correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grade and pathologic tumor stage, while Beclin-1 was only associated with nuclear grade. MVI and Ki-67 were associated with distant organ and lymph node metastasis. Ki-67 and necrosis correlated positively with p53 and Beclin-1 expression, but not with MVI. Beclin-1 were positively correlated necrosis, but not with p53 and MVI. p53, Ki-67 and MVI were negatively correlated with survival, while the effect of Beclin -1 and necrosis on survival couldn’t be demonstrated. Conclusion: Ki-67, p53, and MVI in RCCs are prognostic parameters with effects on survival. Although Beclin-1 was not a prognostic parameter associated with survival, its expression in tumor tissue was found to be increased. At the same time, there is less staining in non-tumor renal parenchyma. Beclin-1 is a marker of autophagy and is thought to be involved in RCC pathogenesis rather than its prognostic significance.
Fatores associados ao estabelecimento da microbiota intestinal neonatal – um estudo de evidências
Authors: Oliveira Jayane Omena de , Silva Laís Nicolly Ribeiro da , Arruda Thamires Ester Alves de , Silva Davi Porfírio da , Calumby Rodrigo José Nunes , Moreira Rossana Teotônio de Farias
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: O trato intestinal de um indivíduo é formado por inúmeros microrganismos que, em conjunto, formam a microbiota intestinal, e que atuam auxiliando em diversas funções metabólicas e imunológicas. Dessa forma, sua formação se inicia muito antes do nascimento e continua se fixando ao longo da vida, especialmente durante a infância, período em que as funções intestinais ainda são imaturas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os fatores associados ao estabelecimento da microbiota intestinal de neonatos. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, com busca de artigos, em janeiro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, por meio dos termos "Growth & Development", "Gastrointestinal Microbiome" e Newborn. Dos noventa e cinco artigos resgatados, incluíram-se dezessete estudos com publicação entre 2014 e 2019. Esses estudos revelaram que fatores, tais como tipo de parto, dieta infantil, suplementação com probióticos e prebióticos, uso de antibióticos e idade gestacional, estão associados ao processo de estabelecimento da microbiota intestinal neonatal. Ao analisar esses fatores, infere-se que colonização intestinal neonatal adequada está associada ao aleitamento materno exclusivo, parto normal, suplementação com prebióticos e probióticos, enquanto o parto cirúrgico, uso de fórmulas, antibióticos e maior tempo de internação hospitalar, contribuem para uma microbiota rica em microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Microflora Intestinal; Neonatos; Crescimento e Desenvolvimento.
Efeitos de diferentes proporções de esterco bovino no desenvolvimento do girassol
Authors: Diniz Potiara Oliveira , Oliveira Pedro Luid de Sousa , Sousa Geslanny Oliveira , Rodrigues Edileide Natália da Silva , Sousa Francisco de Assys Romero da Mota
Published: November 2020

RESUMO O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) pertence à família Asteraceae se adapta a condições edafoclimáticas diferentes, onde, dessa forma possibilita ser cultivado em todas as regiões do Brasil. No Nordeste do Brasil, tem sido buscado um estabelecimento de práticas de cultivo relacionadas ao girassol que permitam tornar viável a exploração dessa cultura sob técnicas econômicas, principalmente, por essa ser uma planta que apresenta uma exigência nutricional grande. A utilização de adubação orgânica como esterco de bovinos torna-se uma alternativa bastante interessante, tendo em vista a facilidade da obtenção e do custo relativamente baixo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento do girassol em diferentes tipos de tratamentos com esterco bovino para determinar a melhor composição do substrato. Foram utilizadas 120 sacos plásticos semeados, sendo 10 repetições de 3 sementes, separadas em quatro tratamentos: (T1) 100% solo (controle), e os tratamentos (T2, T3 e T4), que se caracterizaram pelas diferentes proporções de esterco bovino e solo, sendo 25, 50 e 75% de esterco bovino, respectivamente. Para a altura (cm) das plantas de girassol não foi observado diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Os tratamentos utilizando menos esterco bovino apresentaram diâmetros menores. O número de folhas apresentado foi superior em plantas submetidas ao (T1), o qual apresentou média de 13,9, diferindo dos demais tratamentos que não apresentaram diferença entre si. Os tratamentos utilizados nesse trabalho, possibilitaram observar que o melhor desenvolvimento das plantas de girassol foi resultado de um material rico em matéria orgânica e de nutrientes considerados necessários à planta.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Helianthus annuus L.; Matéria orgânica.
Biometria e índices de conformação em equinos competidores de vaquejada no Semiárido Alagoano
Authors: Silva Joyce Ramos da , Santos Neilson Silva , Dantas Filipe Augusto Leal , Rodrigues Maria Telma de Aquino
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: A vaquejada é um esporte difundido por todo o Nordeste brasileiro, a prática gera renda para milhares de Brasileiros e agrega valores em outas atividades. Com isso, é importante a análise biométrica dos animais que participam dessa prática para definição dos parâmetros morfométricos que impactam diretamente nos resultados dos animais. Visando tais fatores, objetivou-se avaliar as características biométricas de equinos competidores de vaquejada no Semiárido alagoano. A pesquisa foi realizada na pista de vaquejada da cidade de Olho d'Água do Casado. Foram utilizados 44 animais, divididos por sexo. A pelagem alazã foi a mais expressiva (96% de frequência). O diâmetro torácico e o peso das fêmeas foram superiores aos dos machos com diferenças de 2,75cm e 16,46kg respectivamente.  Equinos machos apresentaram maior altura da cernelha (152,94 cm) e da garupa (152,29 cm). Os animais utilizados em vaquejadas no Semiárido Alagoano são de predominância da Raça Quarto de Milha e de pelagem Azalã.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Animais de Competição, Conformação, Sertão Alagoano.
Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) infestando Ixora coccinea L. (Rubiaceae) em Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Guzzo Elio Cesar , Lima Maurício Silva de
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: O bicho-cesto Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding, 1827) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) é um inseto polífago, que causa danos a diversas espécies de plantas de importância econômica. A praga foi encontrada infestando a planta ornamental Ixora coccinea L. (Rubiaceae) pela primeira vez no Brasil, no Estado de Alagoas, região Nordeste. A descoberta é de fundamental importância para o manejo de pragas em outras culturas que, também, são atacadas por O. kirbyi. Uma relação atualizada com os táxons corretos das espécies de plantas hospedeiras do inseto também é fornecida.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: bicho-cesto, jasmim-vermelho, associação inseto-planta.
Intensidade de herbivoria na espécie Macroptilium lathyroides (Fabaceae)
Authors: Silva Jaciele Targino da , Silva Charlane Moura da , Lima José Ronaldo Ferreira de , Almeida Natan Messias de
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: As interações planta-animal, apresentam-se através de relações ditas desarmônicas ou antagonistas, e harmônicas ou de cooperação. Levando em consideração as relações antagonistas, a herbivoria é a mais importante, podendo afetar as folhas (folivoria), flores (florivoria), frutos (frugivoria) e sementes (granivoria). Fatores ambientais, dentre eles a densidade de plantas e interação com formigas, podem interferir diretamente nas taxas de herbivoria. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência e intensidade da herbivoria em indivíduos isolados e adensados de Macroptilium lathyroides. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma área adjacente da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, localizada no município de Palmeira dos Índios-AL, área com sinais de perturbação antrópica, a vegetação apresenta características de transição entre Mata Atlântica e Caatinga. A espécie estudada foi M. lathyroides uma herbácea que possui nectários extraflorais associados às suas estruturas reprodutivas. Foram avaliadas as taxas de folivoria, florivoria e frugivoria em 100 indivíduos ocorrentes em diferentes densidades, contabilizando o número total de folhas, flores e frutos com e sem sinais de herbivoria. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste chi quadrado com auxílio da ferramenta estatística BioEstat 5.0. A folivoria apresentou maiores taxas em indivíduos isolados, contudo a frugivoria não foi afetada. Na área de estudo, a folivoria foi afetada pela densidade, o que pode afetar a manutenção dessa espécie no local.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Folivoria, florivoria, frugivoria, interação herbívoro-planta.
Comportamento de Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis (pau-brasil) em plantios homogêneos experimentais no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santana José Augusto da Silva , Canto Juliana Lorensi do , Pareyn Frans Germain Corneel , Cabral Mayra Jérsica Soares Gomes
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: Na década de 60, em vários locais do país, foram instalados pequenos talhões experimentais de espécies florestais nativas e exóticas, entre elas Paubrasilia echinata, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento das mesmas em condições de plantios homogêneos, sendo que anos depois grande número dessas parcelas ficou sem manutenção e foi abandonada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi resgatar informações silviculturais e apresentar resultados do comportamento da espécie em plantios homogêneos experimentais realizados na zona litorânea da Região Nordeste, especificamente nos municípios de Camaragibe-PE, Lagoa de Itaenga-PE, São Lourenço da Mata-PE, Nísia Floresta-RN e Maceió-AL. Foram mensurados os indivíduos localizados no centro dos plantios, sendo coletadas as seguintes variáveis: circunferência na base (CNB), circunferência a altura do peito (CAP) e altura total. O volume foi estimado utilizando-se o fator de forma 0,5. Maior crescimento foi observado em Maceió-AL, com IMA (incremento médio anual) de 9,396 m³.ha-¹.ano-1 aos 36 anos de idade, onde o sítio apresenta maior fertilidade natural. Menores valores de IMA foram observados em Nísia Floresta-RN, 1,336m³.ha-¹.ano-1 aos 41 anos de idade, e Camaragibe-PE, 1,956m³.ha-¹.ano-1 aos 24 anos de idade. Apesar do crescimento da espécie ser considerado lento, observou-se que o incremento médio em altura e diâmetro dos plantios homogêneos avaliados foi superior ao quantificado para várias espécies da Floresta Amazônica e mesmo da Mata Atlântica.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Espécie florestal, silvicultura, Mata Atlântica.
The Characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Buzzword, Hype or a Radical Change?
Authors: Koloszár László , Németh Nikoletta
Published: November 2020

The usage of the terms the ’Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and its predominantly used synonym ‘Industry 4.0’ has curved upwards at a higher rate than the number of underlying interconnected production units. The concept of Industry 4.0 originates from a project on the high-tech strategy of the German government in 2011. This project promoted the computerization of manufacturing and it was a logical suggestion for the long-term competitiveness of the German economy. The fundamentals of an export-oriented economy need system-level development not to be disadvantaged in the global competition. Building all this on the most modern technologies can be defined as a traditional step. The umbrella term ’Industry 4.0’ has outgrown this step and in 2016 it became an independent agenda item of the World Economic Forum. In this study, with the help of a literature review, we examine which factors of this so-called fourth industrial revolution are similar and which factors are different compared to the previous industrial revolutions. Can the characteristics of industrial revolutions be identified? Is the impact complex and does it influence not only the technology but also the society, the politics, etc.? Whether the use of the term is substantiated or is it only an advanced, fashionable buzzer hanging all today’s forward-looking innovations on the same peg?
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Authors: Weijie Xie
Published: November 2020

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A tentative exploration of the Practice, System and theoretical Base of "the International Finance"
Authors: Liang Xiao-yin
Published: November 2020

socialist nature can is found from this systems like "General agreement on Trade in WTO Service" ,"Basel Accord" and "agreement of the International monetary Fund." After the natural feature of international, is analyzed on the basis of Marxism collectivism. Human ' s requirement for public interests are the base of financial supervision and the society is a indispensible of market and government. And this fact indicates that the international finance the are supposed to be a systematic the involving of Market and government as the agreement between public and private. This also reveals that socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics are possessed to the base and evidence all Owed for the international finance system, offering a new perspective of looking at international economic Cialism theory, which can lay theoretical foundation for the internalization of Chinese socialist, market. And this can show that developing the textbook "The International economic" is necessary, scientific and FEASIBLE.
Development of Muntingia calabura Fruit Based Squash
Authors: Padmaja A. , Harshini V. , Gayathri H. Sai
Published: November 2020

Background: Muntingia calabura (Panama berry), is a wholesome fruit borne to a multipurpose tree. It is one of the tropical fruits native to Mexico and Central America.. Muntingia calabura plant is being widely cultivated in India, South Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. This tropical fruit, is known for its nutritional, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, but lacks commercial value. The objective of the present study was to formulate, standardize and analyse a processed product, squash from Panama berry. Methods: Squash was developed with 100% M.calabura (M.C) and in combination with mausambi and apple in different ratios. Different combinations of developed squash were assessed for acceptability by sensory panel members. The most acceptable combination of squash along with control was assessed for storage stability by storing in air tight bottles. The squashes were checked for their storage stability for a period of three months with a periodic evaluation of 15 day interval. Conclusion: Sensory analysis showed that 100% M.C squash was as acceptable as other squashes. The squash developed with 100% M.C and M.C and mausambi (75: 25) were more acceptable than M.C with apple. Sensory analysis of the squash proved its acceptability up to 3 months. An increase in TSS, total sugars and reducing sugar content of squash was observed. The present study proves that widely available, untapped nutritious Muntingia calabura fruit can be used for developing healthy preserve and can also be promoted in large scale processing.
Dairy Cattle Cross-breeding in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities: A Review
Authors: Gebrehiwet Berhane Hagos
Published: November 2020

A dairy cattle crossbreeding has been started in 1930s to improve cow milk production, using exotic breeds such as Holstein Friesian and Jersey to exploit breed complementarities of milk production and reproductive traits. Crossbred cows with 50% to 75% blood level able to produce more milk whereas, reproductive performance has decreased as exotic blood level exceeds beyond 50%. Environment and genotype mismatch, lack of appropriate breeding policy and recording system, poor infrastructure, lack of trained man power, improper use of artificial insemination and low adoption of breeding technologies are some of the constraints of dairy cattle crossbreeding in Ethiopia. Defining the suitable breed and blood level for specific production system, continuous skill updating for artificial insemination technicians and introducing appropriate recording system are the most critical points that should be considered during proposing of cross-breeding program for dairy cattle. The purpose of this review was to look at the challenges and opportunities of dairy cattle crossbreeding programs in Ethiopia.
Optimization of Sugar Reduction in the Formulation of Set-type Yogurt Using Pure Lactic Acid Bacterial Culture
Authors: Islam Md. Zakirul , Zahan Tasnia Umme , Islam Md. Nurul , Habib Raihan , Harun-ur-Rashid Md.
Published: November 2020

Background: Reducing the sugar content of processed products has been claimed to be one of the most efficient strategies for decreasing sugar intake. To investigate what level of sugar reduction is accepted in set-type yogurt, we conducted a hedonic test focusing on the sensory attributes and assessed the nutritional quality of the yogurt. Methods: We prepared a total of 12 set-type yogurt samples using four sugar concentrations (viz. 0, 4, 5 and 12%). The starter culture was used as a 1:1 ratio mixture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The sensorial, chemical and microbiological analyses were performed. Result: From the investigation, yogurt containing at least 4 and 5% added sugar was found acceptable based on overall sensory score. On the hedonic scale, yogurt containing 12% sugar was more often described as too sweet compared with yogurt containing 4 and/or 5% sugar. On the other hand, the sweetness and aroma intensity for yogurt containing 0% sugar was judged as too low. The 4 and 5% added sugar yogurt was recorded highest with protein content 4.35 and 4.53%, respectively. The initial total viable count (TVC) of the yogurt made was found highest in 4 and 5% sugar yogurt each with » 5 log10 cfu/mL. These results indicate that consumers would accept set-type yogurts with 4 to 5% added sugar instead of 12 to 15%, but 0 to 3% sugar would be too low.
Indian Seed Industry: Poised for a leap to help farmers in doubling their income
Authors: Singh Harshita , Singh Suryapal , Mor V S
Published: November 2020

Seed is the basic unit and most critical input for sustainable agriculture. Post sowing impact and production depends on seed quality. Availability of quality seed is either very costly or very difficult to arrange. Farmers can be seen queued in Kisan Mela and seed sale centres for purchase of quality seed. This seen provides an opportunity for farmers to grow crop for seed production which can fetch them more returns. Prime Minister’s call to double the farmer’s income by 2022 can be a materialized dream for farmers if they opt for State Specific Strategies for Doubling of Farmers Income-2022 Seed contribute approximately 15-20 in different crops production that can be increased to 45% by efficient input management.The developments in the seed industry in India, particularly in the last 30 years, are very significant. Govt policies are giving dividend to Indian farmers. The policy gave access to Indian farmers of the best of seed and planting material available anywhere on the world. The policy stimulated appreciable investments by private individuals, Indian Corporate and MNCs in the Indian seed sector with strong RandD base for product development in each of the seed companies with more emphasis on high value hybrids of cereals and vegetables and hi-tech products such as Bt. Cotton. As a result, farmer has a wide product choice and seed industry today is set to work with a ‘farmer centric’ approach and is market driven. However, there is an urgent need for the State Seed Corporations also to transform themselves in tune with the industry in terms of infrastructure, technologies, approach and the management culture to be able to survive in the competitive market and to enhance their contribution in the national endeavour of increasing food production to attain food and nutritional security.
Crayfish: A Culture Species for Freshwater Bodies
Authors: Jha Rajeev Kumar , Babikian Haig , Fu Song Zeng , . Kristina , Srisombat Sarayut
Published: November 2020

Crayfish, commonly known as freshwater lobster, have been scientifically distributed in three genuses, which are as follows: - Cumberfish, Oronectes and Phalisaberus. Crayfish breeding and rearing techniques in China and some Adapted and practiced in South-East Asian countries. The proper ratio of broodstock female and male is 3: 1. Adult males are comparatively larger than females. The mating season of crayfish is usually from May to September. Larvae are stored in cultured ponds. Crayfish are cultivated in paddy fields with carp fish or eel fish in lotus and polyculture. The size of crayfish transported to the market is 20–60h in a period of 3 to 7 months, and is sold alive in most markets. Productivity varies from 750h to 3,000h per ha depending on the type of farming. It is possible that the farmer can earn up to 7000 to 14,000 rupees per day.
Clinico-Pathological and Hemato-Biochemical Assessment of Field Originated Chicken Anemia Virus in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chicken
Authors: Nadeem Syed Maaz , Khan Muti Ur Rehman , Aslam Asim , Sheikh Ali Ahmad , Ahmad Arfan , Latif Asma Abdul , Anjum Ahsan
Published: November 2020

One hundred broiler chicks were divided into two groups A and B. The chicks in group A were control group and group B was challenged with field originated chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) at 7th day of age. The samples were collected on 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th day of post infection for hematological, biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological examination. The hematological analysis showed significantly (P Less than 0.05) low level of hemoglobin, decreased packed cell volume, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia in infected group as compared to control group. In immunohistochemical assay, CIAV was detected in portal zone of liver, epicardium and myocardium, lymphoid follicles of bursa of Fabricius, thymic lobules and mainly white pulp of spleen. Histopathological changes were observed in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Concerning the serum biochemical profile, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, increased concentration of liver enzymes, creatinine and urea were observed in infected birds. Our results showed that field originated stra in is pathogenic for broilers which induce significant changes in hematology, serum biochemical profile and histopathology of lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.
Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines on Lipid Metabolism and Immunity Function in Laying Hens
Authors: Li Chunhong , Dong Yulong , Zhang Ruihua , Wang Li , Shi Wanyu , Xu Tong , Zhang Hongliang
Published: November 2020

Background: Lipid is considered as one of the essential nutrients for both humans and animals. Lipid accumulation within the body may induce several health disorders. Disease is are caused easily in aged laying hens. It is necessary to improve lipid metabolism and enhance immunity in laying hens. Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) with no toxicity and low drug residues is becoming more and more popular. The current study aimed to study the effect of Chinese herbal medicines on lipid metabolism and immunity function in chicken to provide basis for clinical reference.
Methods: In this laboratory investigation during 2018-2019, a total of 400 60-week-old hens were randomized into 10 groups to measure lipid metabolism by colorimetry and immunoglobulin by double antibody sandwich ELISA method. A total of 500 28-day-age chickens were randomized into 10 groups to measure immune organ index. The experiment lasted for 42 days.
Result: Our investigations have showed that Jujube (ZJM) has significant effects on the count of Serum total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein-c (LDL-C) and High-density lipoprotein-c (HDL-C) (p less tha 0.01, p less than 0.05),the count of Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) (p less than 0.05) and the immune organ indexes (p less than 0.05) in 30 mg/kg group than control group10.The present work will be a complementary contribution to the ability of ZJM on improving lipid metabolism and immunity function in chickens.
Tissue Expression of TNF-alpha and IL-18 by Real Time PCR in Initiated Atherosclerosis in Wistar Male Rats
Authors: Naik H. Srinivasa , Srilatha Ch. , Sujatha K. , Sreedevi B. , Prasad TNVKV
Published: November 2020

Background: Atherosclerosis is diverse disease with heterogenous mechanisms of progression and is an oxidative, chronic inflammatory and thrombotic disease produced by elevated level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. Initiation of atherosclerosis begins with the production of various inflammatory cytokines and adhesive molecules on the endothelium of the large muscular arteries like aorta. The present study was carried out to know the expression of TNF-Alpha and IL-18 by real time PCR (Polymerase chain reaction).
Methods: Procured 24 Wistar albino rats and divided into two groups consisting of 12 rats in each. Atherosclerosis was induced by addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated oil to the 1000g of standard rat diet and given to group II rats. Group I kept as control and maintained for 90 days.
Result: Group II rats clinically showed obesity with significant increase (p less than 0.05) in the body weight. TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher, whereas HDL-C was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced. Atherogenic diet induced the initiation of atherosclerosis in the aorta with degeneration of endothelial cells, sub intimal lipid laden macrophages (foam cells), slight thickening of the tunica intima with proliferation of few SMCs in group I rats. Present study revealed positive expression of TNF- alpha and no expression of IL-18 cytokine in the aorta of group II rats by RT-PCR.
Electrocardiographic Evaluation of Cardiac Rhythm: A Comparative Study of Apparently Healthy German Shepherd Dogs Versus Dogs with Cardiac Affections
Authors: . Akash , Mishra Mamta , Purohit Sanjay , Pandey R. P.
Published: November 2020

Background: The objective of the present study was to define existence of age and body weight related cardiac structural and functional changes in both healthy GSD as well as those having structural or functional cardiac affections. Thus the present study was conducted to establish the reference values of various parameters of ECG based on age and body weight and further evaluation of clinical cases based on these reference values.
Method: The present study was conducted on eight apparently healthy German shepherd dogs aged 36-72 months with body weight 22-33.2 kg free from cardio-thoracic diseases to establish the reference values of various electrocardiographic parameters (Group-I) and used to evaluate the cardiac rhythm in 3 GSD dogs having some cardiac diseases (Group-II) based on the reference values obtained from Group-I.
Result: Heart rate showed negative correlation with age and body weight. Positive correlation of amplitude of S and T wave, QRS complex, duration of T wave, P-R interval and R-R interval with age and body weight; amplitude of Q wave, duration of P wave and Q-T interval with body weight was observed. Negative correlation of amplitude of P and R wave, S-T interval with age and body weight; amplitude of Q wave, duration of P wave and Q-T interval with age was observed.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Rice-Greengram Cropping Sequence
Authors: Gudadhe Nitin N. , Imade S. R. , Thanki J. D.
Published: November 2020

Background: Intensive rice cultivation for longer periods continuously resulted in poor soil fertility. Inorganic fertilizers along with integrated and judicious use of different organic sources like FYM, vermicompost, green manure etc. could be an effective choice for enhancing crop yield. A synergistic effect on crop yield is reported through common use of fertilizer and organics which also improve soil fertility. The residual effects of organic manures applied to the preceding crops can be available to succeeding crop. Therefore, this experiments was planned to throw light on the use integrated nutrients through organic and inorganic sources on rice and its residual effect on succeeding greengram.
Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on rice-greengram cropping sequence at Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat during 2012-15. Five nutrient combinations were evaluated in randomized block design for rice and its residual effect on productivity on succeeding greengram was studied with three fertilizer levels in split plot design.
Result: Application of general recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) to rice has increased growth, yield, quality, economics and improved soil properties and the residual effect to succeeding greengram have also gave significantly higher greengram seed yield and other important parameters and this was succeeded by application of 75% RDF through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDF through vermicompost. Among different levels of fertilizers to greengram, application of 100% RDF gave highest greengram seed yield, economics and soil parameters over other two levels.
Response of Greengram to Climate Change in Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka: DSSAT Model Based Assessment
Authors: Dhage S. Sagar , Patil R. H.
Published: November 2020

Background: Rise in temperature and expected changes in erratic rainfall patterns projected under future climates are going to affect the performance and productivity of most crops, especially under rainfed condition. But, extent of adverse effect would vary from location to location and crop to crop. Greengram is an important Kharif season crop of Northern Transition Zone (NTZ) of Karnataka mainly grown under rainfed conditions.
Methods: Calibrated and validated DSSAT-CROPGRO model was used to study response of greengram to climate change in NTZ of Karnataka. A combination of three temperature (control, +1°C and +2°C) and three rainfall (control, -10% and -20%) scenarios resulting nine combinations were used to simulate phenology, yield and total biomass using weather data for the period of 32 years (1985-2016).
Result: Model based seasonal analysis showed that the greengram is more sensitive to change in rainfall than temperature. Rise in temperature by 1-2°C, reduced days to physiological maturity by 2 to 3 days and yield by 1.7 to 3.5%. On the contrary, reduction in 20% rainfall alone reduced grain yield and total biomass by 9.5% and 10.48%, respectively. Combined effect of reduced rainfall (-20%) and elevated temperature (2°C) resulted in 16.36 and 21.16% reduction in grain yield and total biomass, respectively. This indicates that, rainfall plays greater role on kharif greengram yield in NTZ.