bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on Application of Ion Beam Breeding to Industrial Microorganisms at TIARA
Authors: Satoh Katsuya , Oono Yutaka
Published: June 2019

Mutation-breeding technologies are useful tools for the development of new biological resources in plants and microorganisms. In Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Japan, ion beams were explored as novel mutagens. The mutagenic effects of various ion beams on eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms were described and their application in breeding technology for industrial microorganisms were discussed. Generally, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) depended on the liner energy transfer (LET) and the highest RBE values were obtained with 12C5+ ion beams. The highest mutation frequencies were obtained at radiation doses that gave 1%–10% of surviving fraction. By using 12C5+ ion beams in this dose range, many microorganisms have been improved successfully at TIARA. Therefore, ion-beam breeding technology for microorganisms will have applications in many industries, including stable food production, sustainable agriculture, environmental conservation, and development of energy resources in the near future. Moreover, genome analyses of the ion-beam-induced mutants are in progress to clear the differences of mutational functions induced by different LET radiations in microorganisms. Further characterizations of mutations induced by different LET radiations will facilitate more effective use of ion beams in microorganisms breeding.
Bilal Philips as a Proponent of Neo-Traditional Salafism and His Significance for Understanding Salafism in the West
Authors: Duderija Adis , Rasool Ghulam
Published: June 2019

This article aims to explain the ideas and the significance of Dr. Bilal Philips, a prominent ‘Salafi‘preacher, a major proponent of Neo-Traditional Salafism, and how his writings and activities can aid us in understanding the dynamics regarding the nature of Salafism in the West as a discursive tradition with deep roots in the Islamic intellectual history, as well as an element of global Salafi movements. As such, the article focuses primarily on identifying and analyzing Philips’ ideas on what constitutes a proper approach to interpreting the Qur’ān and Sunna in the light of the Islamic legal and exegetical tradition. After discussing the reasons why the ideas of Philips are significant for understanding Salafism in the West, the article focuses on his views on the conceptual relationship between sunna and hadīth, the broader hermeneutic characterization of the main four Sunni schools of thought (madhāhib), and issues pertaining to the correct methodology of Qur’ānic exegesis (tafsīr). The article also discusses the internal factionalism and the contentedness of the category of Salafism among western Salafis by examining one critique levelled at Philips by his fellow Salafis residing in the West, with the view of not only understanding and situating the views of Philips more accurately but also to provide an avenue to understand the internal Salafi dynamics in the West in particular.
Assessing Water Availability in Mediterranean Regions Affected by Water Conflicts through MODIS Data Time Series Analysis
Authors: Marco-Dos Santos Gema , Melendez-Pastor Ignacio , Navarro-Pedreño Jose , Koch Magaly
Published: June 2019

Water scarcity is a widespread problem in arid and semi-arid regions such as the western Mediterranean coastal areas. The irregularity of the precipitation generates frequent droughts that exacerbate the conflicts among agriculture, water supply and water demands for ecosystems maintenance. Besides, global climate models predict that climate change will cause Mediterranean arid and semi-arid regions to shift towards lower rainfall scenarios that may exacerbate water conflicts. The purpose of this study is to find a feasible methodology to assess current and monitor future water demands in order to better allocate limited water resources. The interdependency between a vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), precipitation (current and future), and surface water resources availability in two watersheds in southeastern Spain with serious difficulties in meeting water demands was investigated. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) NDVI and LST products (as proxy of drought), precipitation maps (generated from climate station records) and reservoir storage gauging information were used to compute times series anomalies from 2001 to 2014 and generate regression images and spatial regression models. The temporal relationship between reservoir storage and time series of satellite images allowed the detection of different and contrasting water management practices in the two watersheds. In addition, a comparison of current precipitation rates and future precipitation conditions obtained from global climate models suggests high precipitation reductions, especially in areas that have the potential to contribute significantly to groundwater storage and surface runoff, and are thus critical to reservoir storage. Finally, spatial regression models minimized spatial autocorrelation effects, and their results suggested the great potential of our methodology combining NDVI and LST time series to predict future scenarios of water scarcity.
Detection of Single Steel Strand Distribution in Grouting Duct Based on Capacitive Sensing Technique
Authors: Li Nan , Cao Mingchen , Du Hangben , He Cunfu , Wu Bin
Published: June 2019

Grouting ducts (containing steel strands) are widely used to increase the structural strengths of infrastructures. The determination of the steel strand’s integrity inside of ducts and the grouting quality are important for a strength evaluation of the structure. In this study, a capacitive sensing technique was applied to identify the cross-sectional distribution of the steel strands. The distribution was expressed in polar coordinates in an external post-tensioned pre-stressed duct model. An improved capacitive sensor structure was designed, which consisted of four electrodes, and different electrode-pairs were used to determine various locations’ information of the steel strands. Two rounds of measurements were conducted using the designed sensor to detect the angle (θ) and center distance (r) of the steel strand in the duct. The simulated and experimental results are presented and analyzed. In general, it is difficult to locate the angle of a steel strand directly from first-round capacitance measurements by analyzing the experimental results. Our method based on Q-factor analysis was presented for the position detection of a steel bar in an external post-tensioned pre-stressed duct. The center distance of the steel bar could be identified by second-round capacitance measurements. The processed results verified the effectiveness of the proposed capacitive sensor structure. Thus, the capacitive sensing technique exhibited potential for steel strand cross-section distribution detection in external post-tensioned pre-stressed ducts.
Debt and Deficit Growth Rate Reporting for Post-Communist European Union Member States
Authors: Paczoski Andrzej , Abebe Solomon T. , Cirella Giuseppe T.
Published: June 2019

A focalized analysis and reporting on the problems of general government debt (GGD) and government deficit (GD) and their influencing factors on economic growth rate tell the story of positive, neutral, and negative economies. Research was conducted over a nineteen-year period between 2000 and 2018 on all eleven post-communist European Union Member States (MS). MSs are divided in to three regional blocks: (1) the Baltic countries, (2) Central and Eastern European countries, and (3) the Balkan countries. Reviewed literature examined different types of GGD and GD with denoted influence on each MS’s economy and government. GGD and GD increase as a result of State intervention by reacting to economic fluctuations needed in creating redistributive-related fiscal policy. A breakdown of the problems of fiscal policy is explained. Datasets were compiled and systematically analyzed using Eurostat indicators. European regulatory benchmarking was used for GGD and GD as a percentage of gross domestic product. Results were divided at the regional group level. Comparative tax systems based on total general government revenue as well as total tax and contribution rate were evaluated. Histo-geographical research was considered and a comparative examination of GGD, GD and growth rate illustrated. In terms of GGD, GD, and growth rate, the Baltic countries were best situated, while all other countries were generally stable—with the exception of Hungary, Croatia, and Slovenia. In all, negative or stagnant periods revealed a general positive trend throughout the study with the exception of the world financial crisis of 2008, in which a deteriorative impact on growth rate was evident in all MS—especially from 2009. In the latter years, MSs’ economic promise signals a high potential for renewed public finance and stability initiatives.
Energy Management and Operational Planning of an Ecological Engineering for Carbon Sequestration in Coastal Mariculture Environments in China
Authors: Lin Tiancheng , Fan Wei , Xiao Canbo , Yao Zhongzhi , Zhang Zhujun , Zhao Ruolan , Pan Yiwen , Chen Ying
Published: June 2019

China is now accelerating the development of an ecological engineering for carbon sequestration in coastal mariculture environments to cope with climate change. Artificial upwelling as the ecological engineering can mix surface water with bottom water and bring rich nutrients to the euphotic zone, enhance seaweed growth in the oligotrophic sea area, and then increase coastal carbon sequestration. However, one of the major obstacles of the artificial upwelling is the high energy consumption. This study focused on the development of energy management technology for air-lift artificial upwelling by optimizing air injection rate. The fundamental principle underlying this technology is that the mode and intensity of air injection are adjusted from the feedback of information on velocity variation in tidal currents, illumination, and temperature of the surface layer. A series of equations to control air injection was derived based on seaweed growth and solar power generation. Although this finding was originally developed for the air-lift artificial upwelling, it also can be used in other areas of engineering, such as water delivery, aeration, and oxygenation. The simulations show that using a variable air injection rate can lift more nitrogen nutrients of 28.2 mol than using a fixed air injection rate of 26.6 mol, mostly with the same energy cost. Using this control algorithm, the changed temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles prove the effective upwelling in the experiments and the average weights of kelp are 33.1 g in the experimental group and 10.1 g in the control group. The ecological engineering was successfully increasing crop yield for carbon sequestration in coastal mariculture environments.
A SEM–Neural Network Approach to Predict Customers’ Intention to Purchase Battery Electric Vehicles in China’s Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xu Yueling , Zhang Wenyu , Bao Haijun , Zhang Shuai , Xiang Ying
Published: June 2019

As part of the increasing efforts toward the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, the Chinese government has practiced a range of policies to stimulate the purchase and use of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Zhejiang Province, a key province in China, has proactively implemented and monitored an environmental protection plan. This study aims to contribute toward streamlining marketing and planning activities to introduce strategic policies that stimulate the purchase and use of BEVs. This study considers the nature of human behavior by extending the theory of planned behavior model to identify its predictors, as well as its non-linear relationship with customers’ purchase intention. To better understand the predictors, a substantial literature review was given to validate the hypotheses. A quantitative study using 382 surveys completed by customers in Zhejiang Province was conducted by integrating a structural equation model (SEM) and a neural network (NN). The initial analysis results from the SEM revealed five factors that have impacted the customers’ purchase intention of BEVs. In the second phase, the normalized importance among those five significant predictors was ranked using the NN. The findings have provided theoretical implications to scholars and academics, and managerial implications to enterprises, and are also helpful for decision makers to implement appropriate policies to promote the purchase intention of BEVs, thereby improving the air quality.
Walk More towards Active Leisure, Tourism, Culture, and Education
Authors: Cachón-Zagalaz Javier , Lara-Sánchez Amador J. , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis , González-González de Mesa Carmen , López-Gallego Francisco José , Zagalaz-Sánchez María Luisa
Published: June 2019

Background: This article addresses the following question: why don’t primary and secondary school students perform urban walks or hikes during cultural and tourist visits of the cities they live in, when engaging in physical activity (PA)? The aim is to demonstrate that exploring cities on foot is a different, important, and necessary way to perform PA, that leads to improving social relations and exposing individuals to culture; in particular, teachers would be trained for this. Methods: qualitative methodology based on exploratory observation; state-of-the-art literature review; design of a didactic proposal in the form of an Urban Walk. Results: existence of publications on related activities in many countries including Spain; development and implementation of the Urban Walk; opinions of its future teachers and their knowledge of the possibilities and advantages of this proposal and its relationship with different knowledge subjects. Conclusions: the Urban Walk facilitates future teacher knowledge of cities and provides a new approach to PA; physical-cultural activities that complement the proposal need to be designed.
Construction and Demolition Waste in Romania: The Route from Illegal Dumping to Building Materials
Authors: Mihai Florin-Constantin
Published: June 2019

The paper performs a critical overview concerning the construction and demolition waste (C&DW) management issues in Romania. Five main stages related to C&DW management are highlighted such as: (i) illegal dumping on public lands; (ii) C&DW collection and disposal in urban landfills; (iii) C&DW treatment and reuse in civil constructions (roads, coating material for landfills); (iv) regional integrated waste management systems; (v) recycling of building materials (e.g., cement industry and recycled aggregates). The paper reveals the poor monitoring of C&DW flows across Romanian counties and the geographical dimension of this waste stream collected by waste operators. The paper examines the current challenges in Romania and it reveals the future prospects to provide a reliable transition towards sustainable C&DW management activities. The targeted route: waste fractions can be recycled and/or reused as building materials via integrated waste management systems, which enable a circular economy in urban and rural municipalities.
Identification of the Fungal Pathogens of Postharvest Disease on Peach Fruits and the Control Mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis JK-14
Authors: Zhang Shuwu , Zheng Qi , Xu Bingliang , Liu Jia
Published: June 2019

Postharvest fungal disease is one of the significant factors that limits the storage period and marketing life of peaches, and even result in serious economic losses worldwide. Biological control using microbial antagonists has been explored as an alternative approach for the management of postharvest disease of fruits. However, there is little information available regarding to the identification the fungal pathogen species that cause the postharvest peach diseases and the potential and mechanisms of using the Bacillus subtilis JK-14 to control postharvest peach diseases. In the present study, a total of six fungal isolates were isolated from peach fruits, and the isolates of Alternaria tenuis and Botrytis cinerea exhibited the highest pathogenicity and virulence on the host of mature peaches. In the culture plates, the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 showed the significant antagonistic activity against the growth of A. tenuis and B. cinerea with the inhibitory rates of 81.32% and 83.45% at 5 days after incubation, respectively. Peach fruits treated with different formulations of B. subtilis JK-14 significantly reduced the mean disease incidences and lesion diameters of A. tenuis and B. cinerea. The greatest mean percent reduction of the disease incidences (81.99% and 71.34%) and lesion diameters (82.80% and 73.57%) of A. tenuis and B. cinerea were obtained at the concentration of 1 × 107 CFU mL−1 (colony forming unit, CFU). Treatment with the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 effectively enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in A. tenuis and B. cinerea inoculated peach fruits. As such, the average activities of SOD, POD and CAT were increased by 36.56%, 17.63% and 20.35%, respectively, compared to the sterile water treatment. Our results indicate that the isolates of A. tenuis and B. cinerea are the main pathogens that cause the postharvest peach diseases, and the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 can be considered as an environmentally-safe biological control agent for the management of postharvest fruits diseases. We propose the possible mechanisms of the strain of B. subtilis JK-14 in controlling of postharvest peach diseases.
Gauge Structure of Teleparallel Gravity
Authors: Pereira José G. , Obukhov Yuri N.
Published: June 2019

During the conference Teleparallel Universes in Salamanca, we became aware of a recent paper [M. Fontanini, E. Huguet, and M. Le Delliou, Phys. Rev. D 2019, 99, 064006] in which some criticisms on the interpretation of teleparallel gravity as a gauge theory for the translation group were put forward. This triggered a discussion about the arguments on which those criticisms were based, whose output is described in the present paper. The main conclusion is that to a great extent, those arguments are incorrect, and lack mathematical and physical support.
Recent Advances of Computerized Graphical Methods for the Detection and Progress Assessment of Visual Distortion Caused by Macular Disorders
Authors: Mohaghegh Navid , Ghafar-Zadeh Ebrahim , Magierowski Sebastian
Published: June 2019

Recent advances of computerized graphical methods have received significant attention for detection and home monitoring of various visual distortions caused by macular disorders such as macular edema, central serous chorioretinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. After a brief review of macular disorders and their conventional diagnostic methods, this paper reviews such graphical interface methods including computerized Amsler Grid, Preferential Hyperacuity Perimeter, and Three-dimensional Computer-automated Threshold Amsler Grid. Thereafter, the challenges of these computerized methods for accurate and rapid detection of macular disorders are discussed. The early detection and progress assessment of macular disorders can significantly enhance the required clinical procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of macular disorders.
A New Scenario-Based Framework for Conflict Resolution in Water Allocation in Transboundary Watersheds
Authors: Gorgoglione Angela , Crisci Magdalena , Kayser Rafael H. , Chreties Christian , Collischonn Walter
Published: June 2019

One of the main causes of water conflicts in transboundary watersheds all over the world is represented by the increasing water demand due to urban, industrial, and agricultural development. In this context, water scarcity plays a critical role since, during a drought period, water supply is not sufficient to cover the demand of all water uses. In this work, we have conceptualized and developed a new scenario-based framework able to improve the sustainability and equity of water allocation among two or more riparian countries. The proposed approach is in accordance with the United Nations Watercourses Convention. It considers a hydraulic/hydrologic model, a water-management model, and combines them with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and what if scenario analysis (WISA). The suggested framework was applied to the transboundary watershed of Cuareim/Quaraí river (Uruguay/Brazil) to tackle a real water-sharing conflict. It resulted in being very flexible in exploring various policy options and test and quantifying them with different scenarios to reach an objective and impartial decision in a water-sharing issue. This framework can effectively be applied to any other transboundary watershed to resolve any possible conflict related to water-allocation/water-management matter.
Decadal-Scale Variations of Thalweg Morphology and Riffle–Pool Sequences in Response to Flow Regulation in the Lowermost Mississippi River
Authors: Wu Chia-Yu , Mossa Joann
Published: June 2019

The lowermost Mississippi River (LMR) is one of the largest deltaic systems in North America and one of the heavily human-manipulated fluvial river systems. Historic hydrographic surveys from the mid-1900s to the early 2010s were used to document the thalweg morphology adjustments, as well as the riffle–pool sequences. Extensive aggradation was observed during 1950s to 1960s, as the Atchafalaya River was enlarging before the completion of the Old River Control Structure (ORCS). Following the completion of the ORCS, reductions in sediment input to the LMR resulted in net degradation of the thalweg profile patterns since the mid-1960s except for the 1992–2004 period. Different flood events that supplied sediment might be the cause of upstream aggradation from 1963–1975 and net aggradation along the entire reach from 1992–2004. Furthermore, the change pattern of thalweg profiles appear to be controlled by backwater effects, as well as the Bonnet Carré spillway opening. Results from riffle–pool sequences reveal that the averaging Ws ratios (length to channel width) are 6–7, similar to numerous previous studies. Temporal variations of the same riffles and pools reveal that aggradation and degradation might be heavily controlled by similar factors to the thalweg variations (i.e., sediment supply, backwater effects). In sum, this study examines decadal-scale geomorphic responses in a low-lying large river system subject to different human interventions, as well as natural flood events. Future management strategies of this and similar river systems should consider recent riverbed changes in dredging, sediment management, and river engineering.
Model Uncertainty Analysis Methods for Semi-Arid Watersheds with Different Characteristics: A Comparative SWAT Case Study
Authors: Zhang Lufang , Xue Baolin , Yan Yuhui , Wang Guoqiang , Sun Wenchao , Li Zhanjie , Yu Jingshan , Xie Gang , Shi Huijian
Published: June 2019

Distributed hydrological models play a vital role in water resources management. With the rapid development of distributed hydrological models, research into model uncertainty has become a very important field. When studying traditional hydrological model uncertainty, it is very common to use multisite observation data to evaluate the performance of the model in the same watershed, but there are few studies on uncertainty in watersheds with different characteristics. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and uses two common methods: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis. We compared these methods in terms of parameter uncertainty, model prediction uncertainty, and simulation effects. The Xiaoqing River basin and the Xinxue River basin, which have different characteristics, including watershed geography and scale, were used for the study areas. The results show that the GLUE method had better applicability in the Xiaoqing River basin, and that the SUFI-2 method provided more reasonable and accurate analysis results in the Xinxue River basin; thus, the applicability was higher. The uncertainty analysis method is affected to some extent by the characteristics of the watershed.
Applying Spatial Mapping of Remotely Sensed Data to Valuation of Coastal Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Seidel Valerie , Dourte Daniel , Diamond Craig
Published: June 2019

Spatial mapping of remote sensing data tends to be used less when valuing coastal ecosystem services than in other ecosystems. This research project aimed to understand obstacles to the use of remote sensing data in coastal ecosystem valuations, and to educate coastal stakeholders on potential remote sensing data sources and techniques. A workshop program identified important barriers to the adoption of remote sensing data: perceived gaps in spatial and temporal scale, uncertainty about confidence intervals and precision of remote sensing data, and linkages between coastal ecosystem services and values. Case studies that demonstrated the state of the science were used to show methods to overcome the barriers. The case studies demonstrate multiple approaches to valuation that have been used successfully in coastal projects, and validate that spatial mapping of remote sensing data may fill critical gaps, such as cost-effectively generating calibrated historical data.
Effects of Bridge Piers on Flood Hazards: A Case Study on the Jialing River in China
Authors: Wang Wen , Zhou Kaibo , Jing Haixiao , Zuo Juanli , Li Peng , Li Zhanbin
Published: June 2019

Bridge piers on river channels can cause obstacles for flood flow by reducing the cross-sectional area and inducing local eddy currents and high flow velocities, which may destroy hydraulic structures. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the effects of bridge piers on river flood hazards in the Jialing River, China. For the modeling, Mike 21 FM was used, which is an unstructured mesh and finite volume model that solves the shallow water equations. The numerical model was validated with collected historical flood traces, and sensitivity analyses identified the effects of the Manning coefficient and the dependence on the grid size. The influence of backwater effects on the flow field was analyzed by comparing numerical results with and without piers. The results showed that the most significant impacts were caused by the Fengxian Bridge. The maximum water level rise was about 1 m and the maximum velocity near this bridge decreased by 22.77% for a 10-year flood. We found that the top elevations of planned levees near the bridges must be increased by 0.15–0.36 m. The influence of bridge piers on the flood velocity field is more complex. These findings will help flood hazard management in this river and provides a reference for similar projects.
International Standard for Government Finance Statistics (The Matters of Harmonization with SNA 2008 and Application in Russian Statistics)
Authors: Ivanov Yu. I. , Khomenko T. A.
Published: June 2019

The authors consider basic provisions of the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) published in 2014 by the IMF in the context of its harmonization with the 2008 SNA and taking into account the need to adapt it to Russian conditions. There is a uniformity of basic GFSM and 2008 SNA principles. The article, however, covers differences between these two systems that lie in the treatment of some important transactions. The authors consider issues of coordination between the mentioned above international statistical standards.

A special section is devoted to questions of applying the GFSM to national statistics, which is possible based on adjustments to some fundamental - from conceptual and methodological position - considerations that are implemented in the Russian practice. Thus, there are several shortcomings that, according to the authors, need to be addressed: a vague distinction between the classifications of income and financial transactions, the use of the valuation principle for transactions at the time of acquisition of goods, and not at its actual consumption in the production process. The authors point out specific flaws in the most recent version of the Russian budget classification («Classification of Transactions of Public Administration Sector» - KOSGU).The final part of the article organizes the author’s proposals regarding the directions and priorities in improving Russian government finance statistics.
Economic and Statistical Analysis of the Development of the Metallurgical Complex
Authors: Larionova E. I. , Chinaeva T. I. , Shpakovskaya E. P.
Published: June 2019

The article contains statistical analysis of the current state and major activities of the Russian metallurgical complex. The paper discusses the role of globalization in the formation of trends at the industry level. The analysis of key development trends in the global metallurgy market over the past decade has reflected the spasmodic dynamics of the industry, that, according to the authors, was caused primarily by the waves of the global financial crisis. Other key trends include the change in the regional distribution of both steel production and consumption. In the last decade Russian metallurgical industry also keenly reacted to changes in the global market situation in response to the crisis, but gradually began restoring its position and production volumes. The paper considers a financial performance of companies, which in general determine the current development level of the national metallurgical complex, using official statistics.
Décanalisation de particules lourdes par les défauts cristallins
Authors: Quéré Yves
Published: June 2019

The channeling of heavy particles is disturbed by crystal defects and may even attain dechanneling. This effect can be described by a dechanneling cross-section. The influence of irradiation defects (small loops), of boundaries (grain or twin), of stacking faults and of quasi-rectilinear dislocations is discussed.
Applications of weak beams in electron microscopy
Authors: Howie Archibald , Stobbs W. M. , Gai Pratibha L.
Published: June 2019

On décrit les bases et le développement de la méthode des faisceaux faibles (Cockayne, Ray et Whelan, 1969). On présente une revue des résultats obtenus pour la structure du cœur des dislocations dans la structure type diamant et dans les métaux cubiques à faces centrées, ainsi que quelques récentes observations faites à très haute tension. Les difficultés principales pour la méthode des faisceaux faibles proviennent de la stabilité de la platine pour des temps d'exposition longs, et de la perte de contraste due au bruit de fond produit par la diffusion. On discute de ces problèmes et on décrit une théorie des perturbations pour le calcul plus rapide des images en faisceau faible. Cette théorie peut également être utilisée pour les calculs des images de paroi de domaines d'antiphase dans les alliages ordonnés.
Conduction dans les semi-conducteurs amorphes
Authors: Vautier Claude , Carles Daniel
Published: June 2019

Après avoir exposé les différents modèles de bande relatifs aux semi-conducteurs amorphes, les auteurs ont examiné les relations entre les travaux théoriques et les résultats expérimentaux récents concernant la variation de la conduction en alternatif avec la fréquence, ainsi que les variations de la conduction en continu avec la température et le champ appliqué. Enfin les phénomènes de commutation sont passés en revue.
СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИЯ СУБЪЕКТИВНЫХ СИМПТОМОВ РАЗВИТИЯ И ТЕЧЕНИЯ ПАТОЛОГИИ ВИСОЧНО-НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО СУСТАВА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПРИЗНАКА С ОЦЕНКОЙ ЕЕ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ
Authors: Походенько-Чудакова Иріна , Крат Максим
Published: June 2019

Введение. Заболевания височно-нижнечелюстного сустава (ВНЧС) встречаются достаточно часто. Они констатируются у 27–76% пациентов, обращающихся к стоматологам.

Цель работы – разработать анкету-опросник для наиболее полного выявления и систематизации субъективных симптомов развития и течения патологии ВНЧС и оценить ее диагностическую эффективность.

Объекты и методы. Авторами разработана анкета-опросник для пациентов с патологией ВНЧС, включающая 4 части: паспортную, жалобы пациента, анамнез заболевания и анамнез жизни. Проведено анкетирование 37 пациентов в возрасте 35–44 года с дисфункцией ВНЧС, разделенных на две группы по гендерному признаку. Всем наблюдаемым лицам для верификации диагноза проводили лучевые методы исследования.

Результаты. Дисфункция ВНЧС констатируется в 3,1 раза чаще у женщин, чем у мужчин. Анализ анкеты-опросника из раздела «Жалобы пациентов» выявил, что боль наиболее часто провоцирует широкое открывание рта. При этом она характеризуется как острая, длительностью до 1 минуты. Раздел «Анамнез заболевания» определил наиболее значимыми факторами привычку пациента жевать на одной стороне и употребление твердой пищи. Раздел «Анамнез жизни» указал, что особое внимание следует обращать на лиц, для которых характерно пребывание в состоянии длительного психоэмоционального напряжения и на пациентов, отмечающих «суставные звуки» в других суставах. Диагностическая эффективность вопросов, представленных в разработанной анкете-опроснике, составила 76%.

Заключение. Изложенное убеждает, что развитие патологии ВНЧС во многом определяется гендерным признаком. Предложенная анкета-опросник позволяет наиболее полно выявить, систематизировать и проанализировать субъективные симптомы развития и течения патологии симптомов развития и течения патологии ВНЧС.

Ключевые слова: височно-нижнечелюстной сустав, гендерные признаки, субъективные симптомы, диагностическая эффективность, анкета-опросник.
ПРИЧИНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И ПРОГНОЗ СОХРАНЕНИЯ ЗУБОВ С ЯТРОГЕННЫМИ ПЕРФОРАЦИЯМИ ПРИ УСТАНОВКЕ ШТИФТОВЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ И ВКЛАДОК
Authors: Назарян Розана , Щебликіна Н. , Т.О. Колесова Т. , Фоменко Юлия , Голік Н.
Published: June 2019

Значительная потеря твердых тканей зуба может привести к перелому зуба. Необходимой профилактикой переломов зубов является их армирование штифтовыми конструкциями или вкладками. При подготовке корневого канала к припасовке и фиксации штифта или вкладки возможны осложнения в виде перфорации стенки корня. Во всех случаях ятрогенных перфораций, исходя из анализа рентгенограмм, причиной явилось грубое препарирование твердых тканей зуба под армирующую конструкцию. Неправильное направление турбинного бора или развертки, которое не совпадает с основным ходом просвета канала, и применение излишних усилий ведет к созданию ложного хода. Также ошибкам при установке армирующих конструкций могут способствовать плотные силлеры, например, резорцин-формалиновая смесь. В таком случае довольно сложно тактильно отличить силлер и дентин корня. Задачу формирования пространства под штифт усложняет отсутствие гуттаперчевого штифта в корневом канале. Плохое знание анатомии зуба также может привести к ошибкам и удалению зуба.
EL RELATO EN LA OBRA THE FLAT DE ANDY CAMPBELL
Authors: Hamui Sutton Silvia
Published: June 2019

La obra The flat de Andy Campbell motiva al espectador-lector a indagar en nuevas dimensiones de la imagen a partir del desplazamiento hacia otros significantes. Es decir, del plano denotativo se derivan otras alternativas materiales en el mismo nivel, de tal manera que carece de profundidad. Las interpretaciones del receptor frente a la obra se crean de manera individual y distinta, pues dependen de sus intervenciones en la pantalla. La experiencia estética que resulta suscita sensaciones ambiguas, incompletas y codificadas parcialmente: siempre con la incertidumbre de no conocer lo que no se eligió. Se trata de indagar la manera en que las imágenes en movimiento (film) se alteran por el receptor al intervenir en el texto, aparentemente azaroso, para crear una lectura subjetiva, íntima, desconocida provocada por el cambio de perspectiva de los objetos visuales (cercanos, lejanos, intensos, borrosos, etc.). Así, a partir del aparato crítico de Roland Barthes podemos entender el desmembramiento de las estructuras o niveles que conforman el relato heterogéneo de Campbell. Al adentrarnos en el análisis de las distintas unidades estratificadas se logra explicar el misterio detrás de las cosas y la incertidumbre de lo oculto.
LEÓN ROZITCHNER Y LA MADRE COMO FIGURA DE LA MEMORIA Y LA DEMOCRACIA
Authors: Pereyra Guillermo
Published: June 2019

En este artículo se analiza el modo en que el pensamiento materialista de León Rozitchner entiende el papel que cumplieron las Madres y las Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo en la construcción de la cultura democrática radical de Argentina. Para atender esta cuestión se expone los fundamentos del materialismo de Rozitchner y las dimensiones de la figura conceptual de la madre o, como él mismo la denomina, la mater-materialista.
LO QUE NO ES LA MÚSICA ELECTRÓNICA
Authors: Dimeo Coria Mauricio
Published: June 2019

La música electrónica ha crecido enormemente en los últimos años, lo que ha propiciado que se hable mucho de ella, gran parte de lo que se dice son descalificaciones sin fundamento, por ello considero necesario este ensayo...
Kinematics of Cluster Galaxies and Their Relation to Galaxy Evolution
Authors: Adhikari Susmita , Dalal Neal , More Surhud , Wetzel Andrew
Published: June 2019

We study the kinematics of galaxies within massive clusters, as a probe of the physics of star formation quenching within clusters. Using N-body simulations, we argue that satellite kinematics provide information about galaxy infall that is complementary to the (instantaneous) spatial distribution of satellites and can help distinguish between models of quenching that require intracluster processes from those that do not. Comparing the simulation results with measurements of real cluster galaxies, we find evidence that the kinematics of red (quiescent) satellite galaxies are consistent with earlier infall times than that of blue (star-forming) satellites.
Estimates of the Atmospheric Escape Rates of CH4 from Titan
Authors: Hsu Jen-Kai , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: June 2019

The upper atmosphere of Titan is highly variable as characterized by the variations of the thermospheric and exospheric temperatures from in situ measurements by Cassini at different Titan encounters. A related question has to do with the escape flux of CH4 that might also change with the complex plasma environment and ionospheric conditions. In this study, the atmospheric density profiles obtained by the INMS experiment on Cassini are examined in the context of a bi-Maxwellian approximation proposed by Jiang et al. The results are compared to the escape fluxes generated by magnetospheric and pickup ion sputtering and ionospheric processes. It is found that a CH4 flux at a level of the order of 1023–1025 CH4 s−1 could be maintained during the quiet condition. But episodic events with the corresponding CH4 escape rate reaching as large as 1027 s−1 might be possible. Such a time variability could be indicative of a global change of Titan’s atmospheric temperature at relatively short timescales.
A Radiative Transfer Module for Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics in the PLUTO Code
Authors: Melon Fuksman Julio David , Mignone Andrea
Published: June 2019

We present a numerical implementation for the solution of the relativistic radiation hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics equations, designed as an independent module within the freely available code PLUTO. The radiation transfer equations are solved under the gray approximation and imposing the M1 closure, which allows the radiation transport to be handled in both the free-streaming and diffusion limits. Equations are integrated following an implicit–explicit scheme, where radiation–matter interaction terms are integrated implicitly, whereas transport and all of the remaining source terms are solved explicitly by means of the same Godunov-type solvers included in PLUTO. Among these, we introduce a new Harten–Lax–van Leer–contact (HLLC) solver for optically thin radiation transport. The code is suitable for multidimensional computations in Cartesian, spherical, and cylindrical coordinates using either a single processor or parallel architectures. Adaptive grid computations are also made possible by means of the CHOMBO library. The algorithm performance is demonstrated through a series of numerical benchmarks by investigating various different configurations with a particular emphasis on the behavior of the solutions in the free-streaming and diffusion limits.
Formation of Transition Alumina Dust around Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Condensation Experiments using Induction Thermal Plasma Systems
Authors: Takigawa Aki , Kim Tae-Hee , Igami Yohei , Umemoto Tatsuki , Tsuchiyama Akira , Koike Chiyoe , Matsuno Junya , Watanabe Takayuki
Published: June 2019

Mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars show the common presence of dust species that have a broad feature at ∼11–12 μm. Chemically synthesized amorphous alumina (Al2O3) is widely accepted as the source of this emission, although it is not obvious that amorphous alumina can condense in circumstellar conditions. We performed condensation experiments of Al–Si–Mg–O and Mg–Al–O gases using induction thermal plasma systems, in which small particles condense from vapors with a steep temperature gradient. The condensates were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and observed with a transmission electron microscope. The condensed nanoparticles from the Al and O gases were transition aluminas based on face-centered cubic (fcc) packed oxygen (δ- and λ-alumina, and an unknown phase). The fcc oxygen frameworks were maintained in the condensed alumina containing small amounts of Mg and Si. Condensates from the gases of Al:Mg = 99:1 and 95:5 had δ- and γ-alumina structures. Particles with λ- and γ-alumina structures formed from starting materials of Al:Si = 9:1 and Al:Si:Mg = 8:1:1, respectively. Amorphous silica-rich particles condensed from gases of Al/(Si+Al) < 0.75. The condensed transition alumina containing ∼10% Si showed similar spectral shapes to the observed dust emission from the alumina-rich AGB star T Cep. Based on the present results, it is reasonable that the source of 11–12 μm broad emission of alumina-rich stars is not amorphous alumina, but is transition alumina containing ∼10% Si.
On the Planetary Interpretation of Multiple Gaps and Rings in Protoplanetary Disks Seen By ALMA
Authors: Miranda Ryan , Rafikov Roman R.
Published: June 2019

It has been recently suggested that the multiple concentric rings and gaps discovered by ALMA in many protoplanetary disks may be produced by a single planet, as a result of the complex propagation and dissipation of the multiple spiral density waves it excites in the disk. Numerical efforts to verify this idea have largely utilized the so-called locally isothermal approximation with a prescribed disk temperature profile. However, in protoplanetary disks this approximation does not provide an accurate description of the density wave dynamics on scales of tens of astronomical units. Moreover, we show that locally isothermal simulations tend to overestimate the contrast of ring and gap features, as well as misrepresent their positions, when compared to simulations in which the energy equation is evolved explicitly. This outcome is caused by the nonconservation of the angular momentum flux of linear perturbations in locally isothermal disks. We demonstrate this effect using simulations of locally isothermal and adiabatic disks (with essentially identical temperature profiles) and show how the dust distributions, probed by millimeter wavelength observations, differ between the two cases. Locally isothermal simulations may thus underestimate the masses of planets responsible for the formation of multiple gaps and rings on scales of tens of astronomical units observed by ALMA. We suggest that caution should be exercised in using the locally isothermal simulations to explore planet–disk interaction, as well as in other studies of wave-like phenomena in astrophysical disks.
Les femmes affranchies entre l’Empire et la province : le cas des affranchissements de Leucopétra en Macédoine romaine
Authors: Koulakiotis Elias
Published: June 2019

Les inscriptions du sanctuaire de la Grande Mère Autochtone à Leucopétra, près de Béroia, constituent un dossier riche en informations sur la vie politique, sociale et économique de la Macédoine romaine. À travers l’analyse du statut des femmes affranchies de cette région ainsi que de leurs propriétaires, l’étude porte sur l'importance du genre dans le processus d’affranchissement et sur les modalités d’intégration sociale des femmes affranchies. Enfin, à l'aide des témoignages épigraphiques, littéraires et archéologiques, il sera question d'examiner certains aspects de l’affranchissement en tant qu’indice de la romanisation de cette province.
Femmes de Palmyre
Authors: Yon Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2019

Les deux sources principales sur les femmes de Palmyre sont l’abondante sculpture funéraire et la figure emblématique de la reine Zénobie. À partir de ces données, on s’intéressera d’abord à leur position dans l’espace public, ce qui permet de mieux comprendre ce que peut être l’ascension d’une femme dans une société traditionnelle. Par ailleurs, les sculptures funéraires, témoins d’activités de nature plus privée, permettent d’attirer l’attention sur des représentations plus originales, jetant un éclairage nouveau sur le rôle des femmes dans la société palmyrénienne.
Introduction. L’histoire du tirage au sort en politique : instruments, pratiques, théories
Authors: López-Rabatel Liliane , Sintomer Yves
Published: June 2019

L’intérêt pour le tirage au sort dans la sphère académique s’est développé parallèlement dans la science politique et dans les sciences historiques. L’introduction de ce numéro hors-série de Participations en retrace la généalogie et tire les leçons d’une rencontre entre ces deux champs. Se concentrant sur le tirage au sort en politique, elle analyse la constitution progressive d’un ensemble de pratiques spécifiques, relevant du « sort distributif » (Thomas d’Aquin) et distincts du sort divinatoire. Trois résultats sont soulignés : le fait que le tirage au sort ait été utilisé de façon intensive dans l’histoire politique, y compris au-delà des républiques et démocraties occidentales ; l’importance des instruments utilisés pour la sélection aléatoire ; et le fait que la procédure puisse, en fonction des contextes, servir à des logiques sociopolitiques très contrastées. L’actualité proprement politique du tirage au sort est enfin interrogée.
Le tirage au sort dans l’Athènes antique : de la religion à la politique
Authors: Demont Paul
Published: June 2019

Le rôle du tirage au sort dans la démocratie athénienne des v e et iv e siècles avant notre ère retient toujours l’attention des spécialistes de science poltique. Mais l’usage du sort pour le choix des responsables politiques avait aussi un arrière-plan religieux dans la Grèce archaïque et classique. Cette étude retrace deux processus de sécularisation à la fois similaires et différents, mais liés entre eux par la tradition occidentale des études classiques, dans le polythéisme de la Grèce ancienne et dans le monothéisme de l’Europe moderne.
Tirage au sort et élections dans la Rome antique. Y a-t-il eu une démocratie romaine ?
Authors: Hollard Virginie
Published: June 2019

Le tirage au sort, symbole de la démocratie athénienne, est assez fortement présent dans le déroulement des élections de magistrats à Rome aussi bien sous la République que sous le Principat augustéen. Alors que la République romaine a toujours été considérée comme un régime de nature aristocratique et que le passage d’un régime à l’autre, affirmant l’auctoritas, voire l’arbitrium principis , semble conduire le peuple romain à disparaître de la vie politique, comment interpréter le sens politique du tirage au sort ? Pour répondre à cette question, ce dernier sera envisagé dans trois moments clés de la vie politique romaine : la mise en place des institutions de la République romaine, la crise politique du i er  siècle av. J.-C. et l’installation du Principat augustéen.