bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faire réseau. Brève histoire du rap 31
Authors: Saint-Dizier Francis
Published: December 2017

Créé il y a dix ans, le réseau adolescent rap  31 revient sur les soubassements théoriques mis en œuvre et sur son mode de fonctionnement. La place de tiers et le risque d’institutionnalisation sont explicités et, à travers l’analyse des réseaux sociaux, est décrit l’écart générationnel dans la maîtrise des nouveaux moyens de communication informatiques.
Équipe mobile EMac : le partenariat au cœur d’un projet
Authors: Mérens Guy
Published: December 2017

Pour répondre à un appel d’offre de l’ ars concernant la prise en charge des adolescents en difficulté bénéficiant de notification itep , trois directeurs d’associations différentes ont mis en œuvre une dynamique partenariale qui se retrouve à tous les échelons de l’intervention, de la gouvernance à la mise en œuvre en passant par l’évaluation et le suivi.
Le projet Daly
Authors: Garcia Amador Margarita , Consonni Thérèse
Published: December 2017

Le décrochage scolaire est une problématique importante de nos jours. En 2014, 6,1 % des adolescents entre 15 et 19 ans étaient concernés en France. Cette problématique d’étiologie multifactorielle limite le fonctionnement de ces adolescents et représente un problème pour leurs familles et la société. La lutte contre le décrochage est une des priorités de l’Éducation nationale. Des dispositifs différents, adaptés aux situations, sont proposés, le projet Daly est un de ces dispositifs. Coordonné par la direction académique et la clinique Marigny, il ouvrira ses portes à la rentrée 2017. L’objectif est de permettre aux jeunes en refus scolaire de remettre un pied dans un lycée et de reprendre une scolarité moins anxiogène pour eux. Il se définit comme une classe passerelle qui intègre des journées psychothérapeutiques dans la semaine de classe. Le suivi psychologique ou psychiatrique est un préalable. Pour l’équipe, la sortie du dispositif vers la reprise de scolarité ou vers une autre orientation est un travail fondamental.
La fonction du psychologue en milieu carcéral
Authors: Germani Stéphanie
Published: December 2017

À partir d’une pratique de clinicienne en milieu pénitentiaire, cet article a pour objectif de témoigner de la réalité professionnelle concernant la mission, la fonction et les difficultés auxquelles sont soumis les psychologues travaillant en prison. En effet, il existe une spécificité de la pratique de par les profils psychologiques des patients pouvant s’engager dans un travail thérapeutique. De plus, ce report note, au-delà de la prise en charge soignante, des réalités institutionnelles. Nous évoquerons aussi quelques notions théoriques pouvant être mises en réflexion dans cet espace cloisonné qu’est la prison.
The European “Area of Freedom, Security and Justice” : its evolution and three fundamental dilemmas
Authors: Marhold Hartmut
Published: December 2017

L’Union européenne promet d’offrir à ses citoyens un « espace de liberté (ainsi que de sécurité et de justice) » : l’article analyse l’émergence de cette politique commune, d’abord par un regard sur le processus historique qui a amené l’Union à intégrer, en 1999 à Amsterdam, des politiques parallèles comme « Schengen » et « Dublin ». L’accent, dans cette politique commune désormais intégrée, changeait plusieurs fois hésitait entre liberté et sécurité, donnait donnant lieu à la création d’une dizaine d’agences dont, entre autres, des institutions aussi importantes que « Frontex », récemment transformé en « Agence européenne de garde-frontières et de garde-côtes ». La politique de la « JLS » (justice-liberté-sécurité) souffre toutefois de trois dilemmes, qui sont caractéristiques pour l’UE en tant que telle : le premier concerne la relation entre une Union supposée garantir des frontières qui, elles, relèvent de la souveraineté des États ; le deuxième consiste en la balance toujours délicate entre liberté et sécurité ; enfin, le troisième oppose les valeurs de l’Union à des considérations d’intérêt et d’utilité.
Accords de libre-échange du XXI e siècle : une étude de l’AECG
Authors: Warin Thierry
Published: December 2017

Jusqu’à son vote au Parlement wallon, l’Accord économique et commercial global (AECG) passait souvent inaperçu (au moins dans les médias), caché derrière des accords qui semblaient plus importants pour l’Europe. Pourtant, il s’agit d’un texte particulièrement intéressant pour les prochains accords commerciaux européens. Il s’agit également d’un accord majeur pour le Canada. L’objet de cet article est de présenter les principes de l’AECG, notamment ses éléments qui en font qu’il ressemble davantage à un accord d’intégration économique qu’à un simple accord de première génération. La perspective canadienne soulignée ici permet de bien illustrer les principes de cet accord « multilatéral régional » qui permettent de qualifier l’AECG d’accord de deuxième génération.
Une injonction à l’entrepreneuriat
Authors: Gros Julien
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose une contribution à l’analyse de la structuration des groupes professionnels dans les segments les moins qualifiés de l’emploi. Le statut d’entrepreneur de travaux forestiers (ETF) a été créé afin de réguler un marché du travail instable où proliféraient les bûcherons non salariés. Pour cela, une clôture a été instituée, via des commissions régionales dont le rôle est d’estimer si un candidat est apte ou non à s’installer à son compte comme ETF. On relève deux conséquences de l’application d’une telle clôture à un groupe professionnel subalterne non salarié. D’une part, elle échappe au groupe professionnel et est opérée « par le haut » ; d’autre part, sa mise en œuvre introduit l’entrepreneuriat comme une compétence professionnelle, que la commission anticipe par la certification scolaire. Cela conduit ces commissions à placer au second plan les savoir-faire techniques au profit de certifications scolaires signalant la capacité à gérer une entreprise. La clôture prend ainsi la forme d’une injonction à l’entrepreneuriat, adossant la définition de la compétence professionnelle de ces travailleurs indépendants à l’image du chef d’entreprise plus qu’à celle de l’ouvrier qualifié ou de « l’homme de métier ». Cette étude s’appuie sur l’analyse qualitative et le traitement quantitatif de matériaux (entretiens et dossiers de candidature) provenant d’une enquête sur ces commissions régionales.
La contribution des enseignants du secondaire à l’enseignement supérieur en France
Authors: Menger Pierre-Michel , Marchika Colin , Paye Simon , Renisio Yann , Zamith Pablo
Published: December 2017

La relation de complémentarité fonctionnelle entre les tâches d’enseignement et de recherche dans le travail académique varie beaucoup selon les pays. Les travaux sur le cas français suggèrent que l’organisation des corps d’enseignants-chercheurs et le système des carrières académiques n’ont pas connu d’évolution profonde depuis trois décennies. En analysant la composition des corps universitaires français et les séquences de leurs carrières, nous mettons en évidence le développement d’une catégorie de personnels trop négligée par la littérature : les enseignants du secondaire affectés dans le supérieur, qui composent un cinquième des effectifs titulaires universitaires. L’affectation de ces personnels exclusivement enseignants obéit à trois logiques distinctes : le soutien à l’enseignement dans les filières et les institutions à fort investissement pédagogique ; l’apport en personnel à des filières nouvelles ; la sélection probatoire pour l’accès à des postes d’enseignant-chercheur. Ces trois usages de l’affectation interviennent à des degrés variables dans les différentes filières disciplinaires et institutionnelles de l’enseignement supérieur français, selon que l’enseignement y est complémentaire ou exclusif de l’activité de recherche.
Que guide un guide ?
Authors: Collas Thomas
Published: December 2017

Depuis 1988, le Guide des croqueurs de chocolat note les producteurs de bonbons de chocolat en France en référence à une convention de qualité stable. Il décrit ce faisant un marché organisé autour de cette convention. Lorsque les producteurs sont attentifs aux évaluations du guide, c’est avant tout pour en critiquer les fondements, pour s’en dispenser quand elles leur sont défavorables ou pour s’en rendre maîtres en jouant des significations qui peuvent leur être attribuées sur des marchés territorialement circonscrits.
La grille et la palme. Deux régimes d’exportation des biens audiovisuels
Authors: Lecler Romain
Published: December 2017

En comparant deux des principaux marchés audiovisuels internationaux, le MIF et le MIPTV, chacun situé à Cannes, on montre d’abord qu’ils sont des lieux d’évaluation et de valorisation des biens audiovisuels à exporter plus que des lieux de fixation des prix. Ils obéissent moins à la définition néoclassique du marché qu’à celle d’une sociologie économique attentive aux formes de « métrologies » marchandes. Ils n’en constituent pas moins des lieux d’observation privilégiés des régimes de valorisation des biens audiovisuels dans le commerce international. On montre en outre que ces régimes diffèrent beaucoup pour les exportateurs français qui ont été enquêtés. Le MIPTV obéit à un « régime d’exposition », où il s’agit de présenter le maximum de programmes audiovisuels pour les transférer d’une « grille » de programmation à une autre. Le MIF relève d’un « régime festif » où les biens sont mis aux enchères, le festival – et sa « palme » – étant le dispositif central du marché auquel il donne son rythme.
De la reconnaissance de la propriété intellectuelle des enseignants-chercheurs
Authors: Baray Jérôme , Soulabail Yves
Published: December 2017

Les œuvres de l’esprit sont pour les enseignants-chercheurs l’indicateur qu’a notamment choisi le système universitaire comme démonstration de leur activité de recherche. Les instances académiques incitent d’ailleurs à une productivité sans cesse accrue poussant à la diffusion des résultats de la recherche et à leur valorisation mettant en avant les notions doucereuses et moralistes de bien commun, communauté de recherche, partage des connaissances... Cependant, à l’instar d’autres pays, l’objectif réel ne semblerait pas si désintéressé et les démarches de certaines institutions françaises - dans une perspective de financement interne – pourrait amener à déposséder leurs auteurs des droits d’exploitation des œuvres, faisant fi du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Le présent article a pour objectif d’établir un état des lieux des droits effectifs des enseignants-chercheurs quant à leurs créations, tout en présentant des exemples de démarches amenant de fait à la spoliation.
Adolescent Depression in Jordan: Symptoms Profile, Gender Differences, and the Role of Social Context
Authors: Dardas Latefa Ali , Silva Susan G. , Smoski Moria J. , Noonan Devon , Simmons Leigh Ann
Published: December 2017

The influence of gender and other individual and context characteristics on the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among Jordanian adolescents remains unclear. The aims of the current study were to: (a) characterize depressive symptoms profiles for Jordanian adolescents; and (b) examine gender differences in the type, severity, and correlates of depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were collected from 2,349 Jordanian adolescents ages 12 to 17 using a nationally representative school survey. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Female adolescents had significantly higher mean depression scores (17.9 [
SD
= 11.6], 95% confidence interval [CI] [17.3, 18.5]) than their male counterparts (13.8 [
SD
= 10.2], 95% CI [13.2, 14.5]). Approximately 41% of girls and 26% of boys reported scores indicating moderate to severe depression. Sex differences and socially constructed gender differences need to be adequately considered in the planning and delivery of mental health care for adolescent depression. If the risk for depression is gender-specific, prevention strategies cannot be gender-neutral. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(2), 44–55.]
Fagopyrin and rutin concentration in seeds of common buckwheat plants treated with Se and I / Vsebnost fagopirina in rutina v semenih navadne ajde tretirane s selenom in jodom
Authors: Germ Mateja , Luthar Zlata , Tavčar Benković Eva , ZHOU Meiliang , Golob Aleksandra , Kacjan Maršić Nina
Published: December 2017

Very little data about impact of simultaneous addition of selenium and iodine on plants exists. Plants of common buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. were grown outdoors and were foliarly treated at the beginning of the flowering with different forms of Se (selenite, selenate) and I (iodide, iodate) and their combinations. Plants were harvested and seeds were collected and grounded, and the concentrations of fagopyrin and rutin were determined. Nor Se, nor I, alone or their combination had an influence on the concentration of fagopyrin. Selenium, iodine and their combination affected the amount of rutin in common buckwheat grain.Key words: fagopyrin, rutin, common buckwheat, seeds, Se, I Zelo malo je znanega o sočasnem vplivu elementov selena in joda na rastline. Rastline navadne ajde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) gojene na prostem, smo v začetku cvetenja tretirali z raztopinami selena (selenit, selenat) in joda (jodit, jodat) ter njihovimi kombinacijami. Zrnje tretiranih rastlin je bilo zmleto in izmerili smo koncentracije fagopirina in rutina. Na koncentracijo fagopirina v zrnju ni vplivalo niti tretiranje rastlin s selenom niti z jodom, pa tudi ne kombinacija obeh elementov. Na koncentracijo rutina v zrnju pa so značilno vplivala tako posamična tretiranja z raztopinami obeh elementov kot tudi kombinirano tretiranje.Ključne besede: fagopirin, rutin, navadna ajda, semena, selen, jod
Vplivi obremenitev na združbe makrofitov in njihov pomen pri upravljanju z rečnimi ekosistemi / Impacts of stressors on macrophyte communities and their importance in river ecosystem management
Authors: Knehtl Miha , Germ Mateja
Published: December 2017

Vse večje zavedanje o ekoloških, gospodarskih in družbenih izgubah, ki so posledica antropogenega spreminjanja vodotokov, je povečalo pritiske za njihovo ohranitev in obnovo. S sprejetjem Vodne direktive smo vpeljali koncept ekološkega stanja voda in s tem ekosistemski pristop njihovega vrednotenja, s ciljem trajnostne rabe vodnih ekosistemov. Ekološko stanje, ki odraža kakovost zgradbe in delovanja vodnih ekosistemov, vrednotimo med drugim tudi na podlagi združb makrofitov, ki so pogosto temeljna skupina mnogih rečnih ekosistemov. Posegi, kot so vnos hranil, spreminjanje hidrološkega režima, gradnja pregrad in nasipov, spreminjanje obrežne vegetacije in izravnavanje struge so le nekatere obremenitve, ki lahko pomembno vplivajo na zgradbo in delovanje združb makrofitov v rekah ter posredno tudi na ostale združbe organizmov in delovanje ekosistema kot celote. Namen tega preglednega članka je povzeti ključne izsledke raziskovalcev, ki ugotavljajo povezave med makrofiti in antropogenimi obremenitvami. Znanje o vplivih posameznih obremenitev in vplivu hkratnega delovanja več obremenitev na združbe makrofitov, je namreč eden ključnih pogojev za pripravo učinkovitih ukrepov za izboljšanje ekološkega stanja in trajnostno upravljanje z rečnimi ekosistemi.Ključne besede: makrofiti, reke, obremenitve, ekološko stanje, vrednotenje, združbe Growing awareness of the ecological, economic and social losses resulting from anthropogenic modification of rivers has increased pressures for their preservation and restoration. By adopting the Water Framework Directive, we introduced the concept of the ecological status of waters, and the ecosystem approach to their evaluation, with the aim of sustainable use of aquatic ecosystems. Ecological status, which reflects the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, is also evaluated based on macrophyte communities, which are often a fundamental component of many river ecosystems. Interventions such as nutrient intake, modification of hydrological regimes, dam and dike construction, alteration of riparian vegetation and channel realignment are just some of the pressures, which can significantly affect the structure and functioning of macrophyte communities and indirectly also other organisms as well as ecosystems as a whole. The aim of this review article was to summarize the key findings of studies researching the links between macrophytes and anthropogenic pressures. Knowledge about the effects of pressures and pressure combinations on macrophyte communities, is one of the key requirements for introducing effective measures to improve the ecological status and sustainable management of riverine ecosystems.Key words: macrophytes, rivers, anthropogenic pressures, ecological status, evaluation, communities
Burle Marx et le parc Ibirapuera : quatre décennies de rendez-vous manqués (1953-1993)
Authors: Curi Fernanda Araujo
Published: December 2017

Parmi les grandes inexactitudes qui jalonnent les soixante ans d’histoire du parc Ibirapuera figure l’attribution erronée du projet paysager de celui-ci à Roberto Burle Marx, figure tutélaire du paysagisme brésilien. Ce dernier a pourtant proposé d’intervenir à plusieurs reprises en ce lieu au cours des années 1950, 1970 et 1990. Cet article cherche à reconstruire les raisons de ses rapprochements et éloignements successifs ainsi que celles des résistances auxquelles il s’est heurté avant que le dernier de ses projets ne soit accepté, quoique partiellement, renforçant encore l’idée fausse et récurrente qu’il avait été le concepteur du parc. Cette attribution fantasmée n’a fait que brouiller la perception d’un processus historique particulièrement tumultueux.
Rap Studies in Africa. Revue analytique de la littérature sur le rap en Afrique depuis les années 2000
Authors: Aterianus-Owanga Alice
Published: December 2017

Cet article apporte une revue analytique et critique de la littérature développée sur le rap en Afrique depuis le début des années 2000. Il examine les perspectives méthodologiques et disciplinaires qui ont été privilégiées par ces recherches, ainsi que les approches développées sur les questions de mondialisation et sur les dimensions politiques du rap, deux thématiques qui ont particulièrement occupé l’attention des chercheurs sur le rap africain. Il décrit comment certaines études ont tâché de dépasser la vision stéréotypée du rap comme seul outil de contestation, pour révéler les formes plus complexes d'allégeance, de stratégies et de relations ambiguës avec le politique qui s’observent dans les mondes du rap en Afrique. Il souligne finalement certains chantiers qui restent à explorer pour enrichir ce champ de recherche foisonnant.
Du rap à l’évangélisation. Parole transnationale et parcours de vie d’un bishop de Ouagadougou
Authors: Degorce Alice
Published: December 2017

L’histoire de vie du bishop MC Claver est relativement atypique. Fils du premier président du Burkina Faso indépendant, il fut également l’un des pionniers du hip-hop en Afrique de l’Ouest dans les années 1990 alors qu’il vivait à Abidjan. Installé au début des années 2000 à Ouagadougou, à une époque qui coïncide avec la « crise » en Côte d’Ivoire et avec le retour de nombreux migrants au Burkina Faso, il est alors à l’œuvre dans la capitale burkinabè à la fois comme promoteur du rap et d’une forme de néo-pentecôtisme venue des pays côtiers. Le passage du hip hop au pastorat, loin d’être paradoxal, semble s’opérer aisément pour ce bishop, tant au niveau de ses mobilités, des articulations entre performances rappées et pastorales que de référents globalisés et urbains qui traversent tant les univers du hip hop et du néo-pentecôtisme.
« Composer avec » : Sampling et références sonores dans le travail d’un artiste palestinien au Liban
Authors: Puig Nicolas
Published: December 2017

« Composer avec », l’expression est polysémique, nous la suivons ici dans le sens littéral : quel est le support de l’écriture musicale ? Osloob « style » est un compositeur palestinien d’électro-rap résidant au Liban qui travaille à partir d’un petit studio auto équipé situé dans le quartier de Haret Hreik, en bordure du camp de réfugiés palestiniens de Burj al-Barajné à Beyrouth. Ce texte analyse la façon dont Osloob élabore un monde artistique en combinant différentes références esthétiques, politiques et culturelles à partir d’une description des échantillons sonores, entendus comme des fragments signifiants encore reliés à leur contexte original. Son travail amorce un passage de l’art politisé en vigueur dans les camps de réfugiés à un art critique qui redéfinit les rapports entre esthétique et politique.
“We’re very local, but we have international standards” : circulation et appropriation de l’indie rock par six groupes suisses
Authors: Riom Loïc
Published: December 2017

La musique, en tant qu’ensemble complexe de sons, de paroles, de pratiques, d’éléments visuels et d’actes physiques, est un objet de recherche fécond pour interroger la globalisation. S’intéresser à la diffusion des genres musicaux, comme l’indie rock, permet d’appréhender les logiques par lesquelles les objets culturels circulent dans nos sociétés globalisées. En s’appuyant sur une recherche qualitative menée auprès de six groupes d’indie rock en Suisse, cet article vise à montrer comment des musiciens s’inscrivent dans un monde musical et s’y identifient. Il commence par décrire comment les musiciens interviewés prennent part au monde de l’indie rock, notamment à travers leurs pratiques d’écoute et les conventions qu’ils mobilisent pour produire leur musique. Ces premières observations permettent de souligner l’importance des acteurs non-humains dans les processus de circulation et d’appropriation de l’indie rock. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article s’intéresse aux catégories utilisées par les interviewés et à la manière dont ils s’y identifient. La conclusion revient sur l’importance de distinguer les réseaux formant un monde musical des catégories projetées par les individus. Cette perspective est nécessaire afin de rendre compte de la façon dont les acteurs s’approprient un genre musical, et, ainsi, le font circuler.
Reappropriating sacramental thinking within Protestant Evangelicalism: A move towards systemic awareness
Authors: Elliott Dennis D.
Published: December 2017

The dissertation on which this article is based, has been a polemical study aimed at exploring the sacramental theology of the late Roman Catholic theologian, Edward Schillebeeckx and thereby using it as a ‘foil’ against which to propose an alternative, if not renewed, ecclesiology for Protestant Evangelicalism. The study accomplished this aim within the framework of a systematic theological method with an approach that was inclusive of theological inquiry as well as sociological theory and praxis. Engaging Schillebeeckx with some significant conversation partners, both Roman Catholic and Protestants, has drawn out his hermeneutical inconsistencies. Two observations have emerged from this informed dialogue: Firstly, it established Schillebeeckx’s sacramental theology as upholding the systemic awareness of Roman Catholic sacramental thought. Secondly, insofar as the Protestant tradition is concerned, it established that, in spite of the diverse sacramental views within Reformation thought and Protestant evangelicalism, in particular, the doctrine of grace is upheld as foundational for the church. With a more directed focus on the diverse views concerning the Lord’s Supper, the dissertation honed in on the trajectories of Zwingli (‘symbolic memorialism’), Bullinger (‘symbolic parallelism’) and Calvin (‘symbolic instrumentalism’). Emerging from this exploration, a Zwingli-Bullinger confluence has been proposed.
Willingness to pay and preference for imported rice brands in Nigeria: Do price–quality differentials explain consumers’ inertia?
Authors: Obih Uchenna , Baiyegunhi Lloyd S.
Published: December 2017

Background: Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most consumed staple food in Nigeria. Consumers have persistently preferred and are willing to pay higher prices for imported rice despite improvements in the quality attributes of local rice brands in the last 5 years. Nigeria’s import bill of over $6million daily on rice is not only a drain on the country’s Forex reserves, but a threat to the development of the domestic rice industry. Previous studies on rice consumers’ behaviours have not explained the underlying reason of how consumers with imported brands preference mind-set make purchasing decisions when faced with both local and imported rice brands with almost similar quality attributes but different market prices.Aim: When making purchase decisions, consumers consider product quality in comparison to its price. This study attempts to explain how the differences in prices and quality attributes of local and imported rice brands determine consumer’s inertia against preference for imported rice brands in Nigeria.Setting: This study was conducted in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria using data sets collected from a survey of 460 rice consumer households.Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to the household heads during the face-to-face interview. Two separate binary logit regression models were estimated for households’ preference and WTP for imported rice.Results: The results show that price, household head’s age, household’s income and general perception are statistically significant variables explaining household’s preference and WTP for imported rice brands. Consumers’ inertia against preference and WTP for imported rice persists because of the negative price–quality differential gaps between local and imported rice brands.Conclusion: Rice consumers in Nigeria compare price and quality differentials before making a choice between local and imported rice brands. There is need for implementation of flexible and synergic import restriction and strategic marketing policies that sustain wide price differentials between local and imported rice brands, while improving the quality image of the local brands to narrow consumer’s perception of the quality differential between these two sets of brands.
Esophageal carcinoma causing cystic metastases of liver
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Esophageal cancer with liver metastasis is rare and when diagnosed is usually advanced and surgical management is contraindicated. The most common sites of distant hematogenous metastases in esophageal cancer cases are the liver, lungs, and bones. Here, we present a rare case of esophageal carcinoma presenting with cystic metastases to the liver.
Software that controls a magnetic resonance imaging compatible robotic system for guiding high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: Yiallouras Christos , Menikou Georgios , Yiannakou Marinos , Damianou Christakis
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

This study describes a software application for controlling a focused ultrasound system that was guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:

The software's functionalities were tested using a custom-made electronic system, MRI compatible robotic systems, and a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system. The experiments were conducted in gel phantoms to test the motion accuracy and functionality of the system.

Results:

The software includes the following functionalities: (a) patient database (patient identification number, age, weight, gender, etc.); (b) acquisition of MRI images; (c) transducer movement; (d) transducer coordinates; (e) ultrasound control; (f) MRI thermometry; (h) temperature measurement with thermocouple; (i) command history (command name, starting time, and remaining time); and (j) MRI compatible camera. Evaluation experiments were conducted to test the software for accuracy, functionality, and communication with MRI.

Conclusions:

User-friendly software was developed to control an MRI-guided HIFU system. The software was evaluated in phantom experiments and it was found to accomplish all the intended functions.
The power of digital medicine to support self-directed care models during global pandemics
Authors: Harding Kimberly
Published: December 2017

Ms. Harding is the founder and president of Monarch Innovation Partners, a technology-based innovation and consulting firm for health-care and life science organizations worldwide. Ms. Harding has over. 28. years of experience in health care, IT product development and thought leadership for some of the leading international and US-based health-care provider and payer organizations, pharmaceutical and public health agencies such as Johnson and Johnson, the American College of Cardiology, the US Veterans Administration, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, and the National Institutes of Health. She also conducts original research associated with the development of connected health and open-source technology platforms for use by multinational clinical research organizations focused on drug discoveries for tuberculosis. (TB), precision medicine, chronic kidney disease biomarker research, and nanobiomedicine research frameworks.
Digital anatomy using the surface models in portable document format file for self-learning and evaluation
Authors: Park Jin Seo , Chung Beom Sun , Chung Min Suk
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

This study examined the learning effect of surface models made from the sectioned images of a male cadaver.

Materials and Methods:

The first author guided 46 medical students to study with a portable document format (PDF) file containing hundreds of surface models of a whole body. Their level of anatomy knowledge gained was evaluated by a digital examination on the tablet computers using the captured movies of PDF file.

Results:

The medical students' grades on the surface models were positively correlated with those on the remainder of the anatomy quiz. More than half of the students reported that the PDF file was helpful in anatomy learning and cadaver dissection.

Conclusions:

Digital anatomy learning is under continuous development in many ways. This report shows that surface models of the human body can be effective for self-learning and in the evaluation of anatomy knowledge.
A multipurpose positioning device for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery
Authors: Yiallouras Christos , Yiannakou Marinos , Menikou Georgios , Damianou Christakis
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) positioning device was developed with 3 identical Cartesian stages. The robotic system can be utilized to move a focused ultrasound transducer for performing various MR-guided applications.

Materials and Methods:

A single element spherically focused transducer of 4 cm diameter, focusing at 10 cm, and operating at 1.14 MHz was used during the evaluation of the robotic system. The propagation of ultrasound was either lateral or superior to inferior. MRI thermometry algorithms were developed to assess the thermal effects of MRgFUS. The proposed robotic system was developed using a three-dimensional printer.

Results:

The system was tested successfully in a gel phantom for various tasks (robot motion, functionality, and MR compatibility). Controlled thermal lesions were created in the gel phantom. The lesion creation was monitored successfully using MRI thermometry.

Conclusions:

The system was tested successfully for its functionality and its MR compatibility. This system has the potential to be used for focused ultrasound applications in the brain, breast, abdominal, and thyroid.
Linear programming and the intersection of free subgroups in free products of groups
Authors: Ivanov Sergei V.
Published: December 2017

We study the intersection of finitely generated factor-free subgroups of free products of groups by utilizing the method of linear programming. For example, we prove that if

H_1

is a finitely generated factor-free noncyclic subgroup of the free product

G_1 * G_2

of two finite groups

G_1

,

G_2

, then the WN-coefficient

\sigma(H_1)

of

H_1

is rational and can be computed in exponential time in the size of

H_1

. This coefficient

\sigma(H_1)

is the minimal positive real number such that, for every finitely generated factor-free subgroup

H_2

of

G_1 * G_2

, it is true that

\bar {\mathrm r}(H_1, H_2) \le \sigma(H_1) \bar {\mathrm r}(H_1) \bar {\mathrm r}(H_2)

, where

\bar{ {\mathrm r}} (H)

= max (r

(H)-1,0)

is the reduced rank of

H

, r

(H)

is the rank of

H

, and

\bar {\mathrm r}(H_1, H_2)

is the reduced rank of the generalized intersection of

H_1

and

H_2

. In the case of the free product

G_1 * G_2

of two finite groups

G_1

,

G_2

, it is also proved that there exists a factor-free subgroup

H_2^* = H_2^*(H_1)

such that

\bar {\mathrm r}(H_1, H_2^*) = \sigma(H_1) \bar {\mathrm r}(H_1)\bar {\mathrm r}(H_2^*)

,

H_2^*

has at most doubly exponential size in the size of

H_1

, and

H_2^*

can be constructed in exponential time in the size of

H_1

.
Endomorphisms, train track maps, and fully irreducible monodromies
Authors: Dowdall Spencer , Kapovich Ilya , Leininger Christopher J.
Published: December 2017

Any endomorphism of a finitely generated free group naturally descends to an injective endomorphism of its stable quotient. In this paper, we prove a geometric incarnation of this phenomenon: namely, that every expanding irreducible train track map inducing an endomorphismof the fundamental group gives rise to an expanding irreducible train track representative of the injective endomorphism of the stable quotient. As an application,we prove that the property of having fully irreducible monodromy for a splitting of a hyperbolic free-by-cyclic group depends only on the component of the BNS-invariant containing the associated homomorphism to the integers.
Long and thin covers for flow spaces
Authors: Kasprowski Daniel , Rüping Henrik
Published: December 2017

Long and thin covers of flow spaces are important ingredients in the proof of the Farrell–Jones conjecture for certain classes of groups, like hyperbolic and CAT(0)-groups. In this paper we provide an alternative construction of such covers which holds in a more general setting and simplifies some of the arguments.
Fibered commensurability and arithmeticity of random mapping tori
Authors: Masai Hidetoshi
Published: December 2017

We consider a random walk on the mapping class group of a surface of finite type. We assume that the random walk is determined by a probability measure whose support is finite and generates a non-elementary subgroup

H

. We further assume that

H

is not consisting only of lifts with respect to any one covering. Then we prove that the probability that such a random walk gives a non-minimal mapping class in its fibered commensurability class decays exponentially. As an application of the minimality, we prove that for the case where a surface has at least one puncture, the probability that a random walk gives mapping classes with arithmetic mapping tori decays exponentially. We also prove that a random walk gives rise to asymmetric mapping tori with exponentially high probability for closed case.
On exceptional homogeneous compact geometries of type $\mathsf C_3$
Authors: Schillewaert Jeroen , Struyve Koen
Published: December 2017

We provide a uniform framework to study the exceptional homogeneous compact geometries of type

\mathsf C_3

. This framework is then used to show that these are simply connected, answering a question by Kramer and Lytchak, and to calculate the full automorphism groups.
The infinite simple group $V$ of Richard J. Thompson: presentations by permutations
Authors: Bleak Collin , Quick Martyn
Published: December 2017

We show that one can naturally describe elements of R. Thompson’s finitely presented infinite simple group

V

, known by Thompson to have a presentation with four generators and fourteen relations, as products of permutations analogous to transpositions. This perspective provides an intuitive explanation towards the simplicity of

V

and also perhaps indicates a reason as to why it was one of the first discovered infinite finitely presented simple groups: it is (in some basic sense) a relative of the finite alternating groups. We find a natural infinite presentation for

V

as a group generated by these “transpositions,” which presentation bears comparison with Dehornoy’s infinite presentation and which enables us to develop two small presentations for

V

: a human-interpretable presentation with three generators and eight relations, and a Tietze-derived presentation with two generators and seven relations.
Critical points for the Hausdorff dimension of pairs of pants
Authors: Pollicott Mark , Vytnova Polina
Published: December 2017

We study the dependence of the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of a hyperbolic Fuchsian group on the geometry of the associated Riemann surface. In particular, we study the type and location of extrema subject to restriction on the total length of the boundary geodesics. In addition, we compare different algorithms used for numerical computations.
Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Co-Infection in Northwest Ethiopia: Antiretroviral Treatment and Burden of Disease among Patients Enrolled in HIV Care
Authors: van Griensven Johan , Simegn Tesfa , Endris Mengistu , Diro Ermias
Published: December 2017

The approach to treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-HIV co-infection in East Africa has not been systematically examined. Although antiretroviral treatment (ART) should be initiated for all co-infected persons, the extent of ART prescription is not known. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all VL–HIV co-infected adults at selected referral and district hospitals in northwest Ethiopia from 2010 to 2015. Purposes of the study were to compare the proportion of VL diagnoses made in previously diagnosed HIV-patients versus diagnosis concurrent with HIV diagnosis and to quantify utilization of ART. We included 112 patients and 58 patients at the referral and district hospital, respectively (median age: 30 years, 98% males). Of all VL cases, 56% (63/112) and 19% (11/58) occurred in known HIV patients at the referral and district hospital, respectively, with a median CD4 count at VL diagnosis of 45 cells/µL and 248 cells/µL at the referral and district hospital, respectively. Seventy-six percent (56/44) were on ART at VL diagnosis and nine (12%) started ART after VL diagnosis. The remaining 96 (56%) patients had both infections diagnosed concurrently, with a median CD4 count of 56 and 143 cells/µL at the referral and district hospital, respectively. Among cured patients, ART initiation was 67% and 36% at the referral and district hospital, respectively. A substantial proportion of VL–HIV cases occur while in HIV care, requiring further evaluation of preventive strategies. Among newly diagnosed VL–HIV co-infected patients, ART initiation was low. The reasons, including poor documentation and information exchange, should be assessed.
Bionomics and Spatial Distribution of Triatomine Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Texas and Other Southern States, USA
Authors: Curtis-Robles Rachel , Hamer Sarah A. , Lane Sage , Levy Michael Z. , Hamer Gabriel L.
Published: December 2017

Defining spatial and temporal occurrences of triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, in the US is critical for public health protection. Through a citizen science program and field collections from 2012 to 2016, we collected 3,215 triatomines, mainly from Texas. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we identified seven Triatoma species and report sex, length, and blood engorgement status. Many citizen-collected triatomines (92.9%) were encountered indoors, in peridomestic settings, or in dog kennels and represent spillover transmission risk of T. cruzi to humans and domestic animals. The most commonly collected species were Triatoma gerstaeckeri and Triatoma sanguisuga. Adult T. gerstaeckeri were collected from May to September, peaking from June to July, whereas adult T. sanguisuga were active later, from June to October, peaking from July to September. Based on cross correlation analyses, peaks of captures varied by species and across years. Point pattern analyses revealed unique occurrences of T. sanguisuga in north and east Texas, T. gerstaeckeri in south and west Texas, Triatoma indictiva and Triatoma lecticularia in central Texas, and Triatoma rubida in west Texas. These relatively unique spatial occurrences suggest associations with different suitable habitats and serve as a basis for future models evaluating the ecological niches of different vector species. Understanding the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of triatomines in the southern United States will improve targeted interventions of vector control and will guide public outreach and education to reduce human and animal contact with vectors and reduce the risk of exposure to T. cruzi.
Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: case studies
Authors: Hofer Julian , Althausen Dietrich , Abdullaev Sabur F. , Makhmudov Abduvosit N. , Nazarov Bakhron I. , Schettler Georg , Engelmann Ronny , Baars Holger , Fomba K. Wadinga , Müller Konrad , Heinold Bernd , Kandler Konrad , Ansmann Albert
Published: December 2017

Abstract. For the first time, continuous vertically resolved aerosol measurements were performed by lidar in Tajikistan, Central Asia. Observations with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT were conducted during CADEX (Central Asian Dust EXperiment) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, from March 2015 to August 2016. Co-located with the lidar, a sun photometer was also operated. The goal of CADEX is to provide an unprecedented data set on vertically resolved aerosol optical properties in Central Asia, an area highly affected by climate change but largely missing vertically resolved aerosol measurements. During the 18-month measurement campaign, mineral dust was detected frequently from ground to the cirrus level height. In this study, an overview of the measurement period is given and four typical but different example measurement cases are discussed in detail. Three of them are dust cases and one is a contrasting pollution aerosol case. Vertical profiles of the measured optical properties and the calculated dust and non-dust mass concentrations are presented. Dust source regions were identified by means of backward trajectory analyses. A lofted layer of Middle Eastern dust with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.4 and an extinction-related Ångström exponent of 0.41 was measured. In comparison, two near-ground dust cases have Central Asian sources. One is an extreme dust event with an AOT of 1.5 and Ångström exponent of 0.12 and the other one is a most extreme dust event with an AOT of above 4 (measured by sun photometer) and an Ångström exponent of −0.08. The observed lidar ratios (and particle linear depolarization ratios) in the presented dust cases range from 40.3 to 46.9 sr (and 0.18–0.29) at 355 nm and from 35.7 to 42.9 sr (0.31–0.35) at 532 nm wavelength. The particle linear depolarization ratios indicate almost unpolluted dust in the case of a lofted dust layer and pure dust in the near-ground dust cases. The lidar ratio values are lower than typical lidar ratio values for Saharan dust (50–60 sr) and comparable to Middle Eastern or west-Asian dust lidar ratios (35–45 sr). In contrast, the presented case of pollution aerosol of local origin has an Ångström exponent of 2.07 and a lidar ratio (particle linear depolarization ratio) of 55.8 sr (0.03) at 355 nm and 32.8 sr (0.08) at 532 nm wavelength.
Predicting the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material using molecular composition
Authors: DeRieux Wing-Sy Wong , Li Ying , Lin Peng , Laskin Julia , Laskin Alexander , Bertram Allan K. , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Shiraiwa Manabu
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) account for a large fraction of submicron particles in the atmosphere. SOA can occur in amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states depending on chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and temperature. The phase transition between amorphous solid and semi-solid states occurs at the glass transition temperature (Tg). We have recently developed a method to estimate Tg of pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO compounds) with molar mass less than 450 g mol−1 based on their molar mass and atomic O : C ratio. In this study, we refine and extend this method for CH and CHO compounds with molar mass up to ~ 1100 g mol−1 using the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. We predict viscosity from the Tg-scaled Arrhenius plot of fragility (viscosity vs. Tg / T) as a function of the fragility parameter D. We compiled D values of organic compounds from literature, and found that D approaches a lower limit of ~ 10 (±1.7) as the molar mass increases. We estimated viscosity of α-pinene and isoprene SOA as a function of RH by accounting for hygroscopic growth of SOA and applying the Gordon-Taylor mixing rule, reproducing previously published experimental measurements very well. Sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate impacts of Tg, D, hygroscopicity parameter (κ), and the Gordon-Taylor constant on viscosity predictions. Viscosity of toluene SOA was predicted using the elemental composition obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), resulting in a good agreement with the measured viscosity. We also estimated viscosity of biomass burning particles using the chemical composition measured by HRMS with two different ionization techniques: electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Due to differences in detected organic compounds and signal intensity, predicted viscosities at low RH based on ESI and APPI measurements differ by 2–5 orders of magnitude. Complementary measurements of viscosity and chemical composition are desired to further constrain RH-dependent viscosity in future studies.
X-band dual-polarized radar quantitative precipitation estimate analyses in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Simpson Micheal J. , Fox Neil I.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Over the past decade, polarized weather radars have been at the forefront of the search for a replacement of estimating precipitation over the spatially, and temporally inferior tipping buckets. However, many radar-coverage gaps exist within the Continental US (CONUS), proposing a dilemma in that radar rainfall estimate quality degrades with range. One possible solution is that of X-band weather radars. However, the literature as to their long-term performance is lacking. Therefore, the overarching objective of the current study was to analyze two year’s worth of radar data from the X-band dualpolarimetric MZZU radar in central Missouri at four separate ranges from the radar, utilizing tippingbuckets as ground-truth precipitation data. The conventional R(Z)-Convective equation, in addition to several other polarized algorithms, consisting of some combinations of reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (ZDR), and the specific differential phase shift (KDP) were used to estimate rainfall. Results indicated that the performance of the algorithms containing ZDR were superior in terms of the normalized standard error (NSE), missed and false precipitation amounts, and the overall precipitation errors. Furthermore, the R(Z,ZDR) and R(ZDR,KDP) algorithms were the only ones which reported NSE values below 100 %, whereas R(Z) and R(KDP) equations resulted in false precipitation amounts equal to or greater than 65 % of the total gauge recorded rainfall amounts. The results show promise in the utilization of the smaller, more cost-effective X-band radars in terms of quantitative precipitation estimation at ranges from 30 to 80 km from the radar.