bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific bending stiffness of in-mould-assembled hybrid sandwich structures with carbon fibre reinforced polymer face sheets and aluminium foam cores manufactured by a polyurethane-spraying process
Authors: Rupp Peter , Elsner Peter , Weidenmann Kay A
Published: August 2017

In this paper, the bending stiffness-to-weight-ratio of novel hybrid sandwich structures is investigated. The build-up of the sandwich panels consisted of face sheets made from carbon fibre reinforced polymer, aluminium foam cores and an interface of foamed polyurethane. The sandwich panels were produced in a single step, infiltrating the face sheet fibres and connecting the face sheets to the core simultaneously. By means of mechanical characterization, specimens with several variations of face sheet architecture and thickness, core structure and interface properties were examined. Quasi-static four-point bending and flatwise compression tests of the sandwich composites were conducted, as well as tensile tests of the face sheets. The results of the tensile and compressive tests were integrated in analytical models, describing the sandwich stiffness depending on the load case and the face sheet volume fraction. The effective Young’s modulus of the composite, measured in the four-point bending test, correlates well to the modelled effective bending modulus calculated from the single components face sheet and core. The model underestimates the effective density of the bending specimens. It could be shown that this underestimation results from the polyurethane foam connecting the face sheets to the core, as the mass of this polyurethane is not included in the model.
Research and development of electronic speed control strategies for medium-speed marine diesel engines
Authors: Hu Ying , Yang Jianguo , Hu Nao , Hu Lei , Qian Zhengyan , Yu Yonghua
Published: August 2017

Modern diesel engine systems rely more and more on electronic control systems. The benefits of such electronic control systems include reduced fuel consumption, limited emissions and enhanced performance. Following the trend, this article aims to derive an appropriate methodology for improving the performance of the speed regulation by upgrading an existing mechanical governing control system to an electronic one for the marine diesel engine. Hardware-in-loop simulations and the diesel engine test-bed experiments are applied to realize a V-type mode study of the speed control strategies for the marine medium-speed diesel engines. First, the algorithm of the strategies and the functions of the electronic control unit are verified through hardware-in-loop test bench which is established using hardware devices and a software tool chain from ETAS GmbH. Additionally, the specific parameters are modified and calibrated finely on the test bed with an online debugging system. Finally, to demonstrate the performances and the generality of the proposed control strategies, the test-bed results of the two types of marine diesel engines are illustrated. The experimental results indicate that a better performance is achieved by replacing the original controller with the proposed controller. And the methodology of the control strategies development is proven to be efficient.
The micropolitics of public archaeology: Working with the ejido in Michoacán, Mexico
Authors: Cohen Anna S , Solinis-Casparius Rodrigo
Published: August 2017

Approximately 90% of Mexican archaeological sites are on communal ejido lands and yet the Mexican Constitution stipulates that all cultural heritage is the property of the federal government. Considering this disconnect between federal and local practices, how can archaeologists work with ejido communities to help preserve cultural patrimony? This article explores the micropolitics associated with archaeological fieldwork on communal ejido lands in Western Mexico. We show how long-standing practices based on local histories, community political theater, and interpersonal relations shape fieldwork and cultural conservation initiatives in important and unintended ways. In our study near the site of Angamuco, Michoacán, we draw upon ethnographic and archival research and outreach projects over five field seasons, and address the tensions that emerge when informal micropolitical and formal top–down sociopolitical practices interface. We show how aspects of a policy science approach are appropriate for long-term community-supported archaeology and cultural heritage management.
Marketing, art and voices of dissent
Authors: Patsiaouras Georgios , Veneti Anastasia , Green William
Published: August 2017

Limited research exists around the interrelationships between protest camps and marketing practices. In this article, we focus on the 2014 Hong Kong protest camps as a context where artistic work was innovatively developed and imaginatively promoted to draw global attention. Collecting and analysing empirical data from the Umbrella Movement, our findings explore the interrelationships between arts marketing technologies and the creativity and artistic expression of the protest camps so as to inform, update and rethink arts marketing theory itself. We discuss how protesters used public space to employ inventive methods of audience engagement, participation and co-creation of artwork, together with media art projects which aimed not only to promote their collective aims but also to educate and inform citizens. While some studies have already examined the function of arts marketing beyond traditional and established artistic institutions, our findings offer novel insights into the promotional techniques of protest art within the occupied space of a social movement. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research around the artwork of social movements that could highlight creative and political aspects of (arts) marketing theory.
Does Distance Matter? Geographical Distance and Domestic Support for Mega Sports Events
Authors: Weimar Daniel , Rocha Claudio M.
Published: August 2017

Residential support is one key factor that increases the probability of a positive outcome of mega events. Especially, pre-event support seems important, since hosting the event often requires public consensus. Within the discussion of determinants of pre-event support, the distance between a resident’s home (district) and the event area has been neglected so far. To explore the spatial nature of event support, representative survey data ( n = 900) from the 2016 Olympic Games is analyzed using ordered probit and spatial regression models. Estimates reveal a lower probability of high support for residents living close to the main event area. Moreover, the rate of marginal changes in the probability of support decreases with decreasing distance to other areas.
Conceptual Organization and Identity of HRD: Analyses of Evolving Definitions, Influence, and Connections
Authors: Han Seung-hyun , Chae Chungil , Han Soo Jeoung , Yoon Seung Won
Published: August 2017

The rapid expansion and diversification of human resource development (HRD) research and practices is a welcoming sign for HRD scholars, who are interested in improving a social system through developing human resources. At the same time, however, it raises questions about the core identity and boundary of the field and desirable future directions. This study aims to trace the significant thematic periods, called the wave in the evolution of HRD, from its early development days to the present. In doing so, we present how “the body of HRD knowledge is evolving through the intellectual evolutionary process” based on analyses of widely cited definitions, influential work, and connections among co-appearing research topics. As the finding, we identified three distinctive waves of evolutionary phases of HRD research: (a) developing definition of disciplinarity, (b) competition and selection between major paradigms, and (c) divergence and expansion of topics. Major characteristics of each period and the influence between periods were also described.
The Next Step in Understanding Impaired Reactive Balance Control in People With Stroke: The Role of Defective Early Automatic Postural Responses
Authors: de Kam Digna , Roelofs Jolanda M. B. , Bruijnes Amber K. B. D. , Geurts Alexander C. H. , Weerdesteyn Vivian
Published: August 2017

Background and objective. Postural muscle responses are often impaired after stroke. We aimed to identify the contribution of deficits in very early postural responses to poorer reactive balance capacity, with a particular focus on reactive stepping as a key strategy for avoiding falls. Methods. A total of 34 chronic stroke survivors and 17 controls were subjected to translational balance perturbations in 4 directions. We identified the highest perturbation intensity that could be recovered without stepping (single stepping threshold [SST]) and with maximally 1 step (multiple stepping threshold [MST]). We determined onset latencies and response amplitudes of 7 leg muscles bilaterally and identified associations with balance capacity. Results. People with stroke had a lower MST than controls in all directions. Side steps resulted in a higher lateral MST than crossover steps but were less common toward the paretic side. Postural responses were delayed and smaller in amplitude on the paretic side only. We observed the strongest associations between gluteus medius (GLUT) onset and amplitude and MST toward the paretic side ( R2 = 0.33). Electromyographic variables were rather weakly associated with forward and backward MSTs ( R2 = 0.10-0.22) and with SSTs ( R2 = 0.08-0.15). Conclusions. Delayed and reduced paretic postural responses are associated with impaired reactive stepping after stroke. Particularly, fast and vigorous activity of the GLUT is imperative for overcoming large sideways perturbations, presumably because it facilitates the effective use of side steps. Because people with stroke often fall toward the paretic side, this finding indicates an important target for training.
Task-Specific and Functional Effects of Speed-Focused Elliptical or Motor-Assisted Cycle Training in Children With Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Damiano Diane L. , Stanley Christopher J. , Ohlrich Laurie , Alter Katharine E.
Published: August 2017

Background. Locomotor training using treadmills or robotic devices is commonly utilized to improve gait in cerebral palsy (CP); however, effects are inconsistent and fail to exceed those of equally intense alternatives. Possible limitations of existing devices include fixed nonvariable rhythm and too much limb or body weight assistance. Objective: To quantify and compare effectiveness of a motor-assisted cycle and a novel alternative, an elliptical, in CP to improve interlimb reciprocal coordination through intensive speed-focused leg training. Methods: A total of 27 children with bilateral CP, 5 to 17 years old, were randomized to 12 weeks of 20 minutes, 5 days per week home-based training (elliptical = 14; cycle = 13) at a minimum of 40 revolutions per minute, with resistance added when speed target was achieved. Primary outcomes were self-selected and fastest voluntary cadence on the devices and gait speed. Secondary outcomes included knee muscle strength, and selective control and functional mobility measures. Results: Cadence on trained but not nontrained devices increased, demonstrating task specificity of training and increased exercise capability. Mean gait speed did not increase in either group, nor did parent-reported functional mobility. Knee extensor strength increased in both. An interaction between group and time was seen in selective control with scores slightly increasing for the elliptical and decreasing for the cycle, possibly related to tighter limb coupling with cycling. Conclusions: Task-specific effects were similarly positive across groups, but no transfer was seen to gait or function. Training dose was low (≤20 hours) compared with intensive upper-limb training recommendations and may be insufficient to produce appreciable clinical change.
An improved real-time object proposals generation method based on local binary pattern
Authors: Jiang Yanting , Yan Jia , Fan Ci’en , Shi Wenxuan , Deng Dexiang
Published: August 2017

Generating a group of category-independent proposals of objects in an image within a very short time is an effective approach to accelerate traditional sliding window search, which has been widely used in preprocessing step of object recognition. In this article, we propose a novel object proposals generation method to produce an order set of candidate windows covering most of object instances. With combination of gradient and local binary pattern, our approach achieves better performance than BING in finding occluded objects and objects in dim lighting conditions. In experiments on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2007 data set, we show that our approach is significantly more accurate than BING. In particular, using 2000 proposals, we achieve 97.6% object detection rate and 69.3% mean average best overlap. Moreover, our proposed method is very efficient and takes only about 0.006 s per image on a laptop central processing unit. The detection speed and high accuracy of proposed method mean that it can be applied to recognizing specific objects in robot visions.
Health-related quality of life of people with multimorbidity at a community-based, interprofessional student-assisted clinic: Implications for assessment and intervention
Authors: Tyack Zephanie , Kuys Suzanne , Cornwell Petrea , Frakes Kerrie-Anne , McPhail Steven
Published: August 2017

Objective

This study examined the relationship between the number of comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and between select physical conditions and HRQoL. Differences in HRQoL in comparison to a normative sample were also examined.

Method

A cross-sectional study among people with multimorbidity ( n = 401) attending a community-based, interdisciplinary health clinic was conducted. HRQoL was measured using the eight dimensions of the SF-36. Multiple linear regression and t-tests were used to analyse the data.

Results

A downward trend in HRQoL continued from 2 to 14 concurrent comorbidities. Patients with a higher number of comorbidities reported greater deficits in HRQoL, when age, gender, education and perceived social support were controlled for (beta = −0.11 to −0.31). The impact of the number of comorbidities was greatest for the bodily pain dimension of the SF-36 (beta = −0.31). Deficits were greatest for people with gastrointestinal conditions and back pain or sciatica. Moderate to large deficits in HRQoL compared to a normative population were found (Cohen’s d = 0.54–1.16).

Discussion

Understanding associations between the number and type of physical comorbidities and HRQoL may assist clinical services to design broad but targeted interventions to optimize HRQoL in this group of people.
Gouvernance des politiques publiques favorables à la santé : l’expérience menée en Poitou-Charentes, France
Authors: Le Vigouroux Alain , Marcheix Cécile , Autès Erwan
Published: August 2017

En 2011, la Cour des Comptes dresse un constat sévère des dysfonctionnements des politiques publiques de prévention en santé, faiblement dotées et fragmentées, alors qu’en France les ressources sont essentiellement orientées vers le système hospitalier « curatif ». L’Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Poitou-Charentes, compétente en matière de prévention à l’échelle régionale, a décidé en 2012 d’instaurer, via des plateformes de prévention, des politiques publiques construites avec les opérateurs de la promotion de la santé et de la prévention et les acteurs des territoires, afin de promouvoir une action publique pertinente, cohérente et efficace, correspondant aux champs d’interventions prioritaires. Une dynamique partenariale et un début de cohérence systémique émergent autour d’objectifs prioritaires visant une résolution de problèmes de santé publique. Le bilan de l’expérience reste mitigé au regard de différentes faiblesses du dispositif, de la fusion des régions et des ARS di Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes au 1er janvier 2016.
Revisiting implementation theory: An interdisciplinary comparison between urban planning and healthcare implementation research
Authors: Smith Mark C
Published: August 2017

Implementation remains a somewhat neglected dimension within urban planning research after a surge of interest during the 1960s and 1970s in contrast to related cognitive disciplines, particularly healthcare research which has seemingly grappled with the phenomenon with more gusto. Here, we assess the state of urban planning implementation science and compare these efforts with healthcare frameworks explaining implementation to ascertain what new insights can be gleaned on how we investigate the phenomenon.
Inhibition of FGFR Signaling Partially Rescues Hypophosphatemic Rickets in HMWFGF2 Tg Male Mice
Authors: Xiao Liping , Du Erxia , Homer-Bouthiette Collin , Hurley Marja M
Published: August 2017

Transgenic mice harboring high molecular weight fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 isoforms (HMWTg) in osteoblast lineage cells phenocopy human X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and Hyp murine model of XLH demonstrating increased FGF23/FGF receptor signaling and hypophosphatemic rickets. Because HMWFGF2 was upregulated in bones of Hyp mice and abnormal FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling is important in XLH, HMWTg mice were used to examine the effect of the FGFR inhibitor NVP-BGJ398, now in clinical trials for cancer therapy, on hypophosphatemic rickets. Short-term treatment with NVP-BGJ398 rescued abnormal FGFR signaling and hypophosphatemia in HMWTg. Long-term treatment with NVP-BGJ398 normalized tail, tibia, and femur length. Four weeks NVP-BGJ398 treatment significantly increased total body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in HMWTg mice; however, at 8 weeks, total body BMD and BMC was indistinguishable among groups. Micro-computed tomography revealed decreased vertebral bone volume, trabecular number, and increased trabecular spacing, whereas femur trabecular tissue density was increased; however, NVP-BGJ398 rescued defective cortical bone mineralization, increased thickness, reduced porosity, and increased endosteal perimeter and cortical tissue density in HMWTg. NVP-BGJ398 improved femur cancellous bone, cortical bone structure, growth plate, and double labeling in cortical bone and also increased femur trabeculae double labeled surface, mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and osteoclast number and surface in HMWTg. The decreased NPT2a protein that is important for renal phosphate excretion was rescued by NVP-BGJ398 treatment. We conclude that NVP-BGJ398 partially rescued hypophosphatemic rickets in HMWTg. However, long-term treatment with NVP-BGJ398 further increased serum FGF23 that could exacerbate the mineralization defect.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae with representative Drosera species from Northeast India
Authors: Biswal Devendra Kumar , Yanthan Sureni , Konhar Ruchishree , Debnath Manish , Kumaria Suman , Tandon Pramod
Published: August 2017

Background: Botanical carnivory is spread across four major angiosperm lineages and five orders: Poales, Caryophyllales, Oxalidales, Ericales and Lamiales. The carnivorous plant family Droseraceae is well known for its wide range of representatives in the temperate zone. Taxonomically, it is regarded as one of the most problematic and unresolved carnivorous plant families. In the present study, the phylogenetic position and biogeographic analysis of the genus Drosera is revisited by taking two species from the genus Drosera (D. burmanii and D. Peltata) found in Meghalaya (Northeast India).

Methods: The purposes of this study were to investigate the monophyly, reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and ancestral area of the genus Drosera, and to infer its origin and dispersal using molecular markers from the whole ITS (18S, 28S, ITS1, ITS2) region and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) sequences.

Results: The present study recovered most of the findings by previous studies. The basal position of Droseraceae within the non-carnivorous Caryophyllales indicated in the tree topologies and fossil findings strongly support a date of origin for Droseraceae during the Paleocene (55-65 mya). Within the family Droseraceae, the sister relationship between Aldrovanda and Dionaea is supported by our ITS and rbcL dataset. This information can be used for further comparative and experimental studies.

Conclusions: Drosera species are best suited as model systems for addressing a wide array of questions concerning evolutionary dynamics and ecological processes governing botanical carnivory.
Comparison of Methods to Define High Use of Inpatient Services Using Population‐Based Data
Authors: Wick James P. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Manns Braden J. , Tonelli Marcello , Quan Hude , MD Richard Lewanczuk , Ronksley Paul E.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

A variety of methods have been proposed to define “high users” of inpatient services, which may have implications for targeting subgroups for intervention.

OBJECTIVE

To compare 3 common definitions of high in‐patient service use and their influence on patient capture, outcomes, and inpatient burden.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS

Cross‐sectional population‐level study of 219,106 adults in Alberta, Canada, with ≥1 hospitalization from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013.

MEASUREMENTS

We defined “high use” based on the upper 5th percentile of the population by 3 definitions: (1) number of inpatient episodes (≥3 hospitalizations/year), (2) cumulative length of stay (≥56 days in hospital/year), and (3) cumulative cost based on hospitalization resource intensity weights (≥ $63,597 Canadian dollars/year). Clinical characteristics, health outcomes, and overall health burden were compared across definitions and stratified by age.

RESULTS

Of that population, 10.3% of individuals were common to all definitions. High users based on number of inpatient episodes were more likely to be admitted for acute conditions, with most high users based on length of stay admitted for mental health‐related conditions, while those based on costs were more likely to have hospitalizations resulting in death (9.3%). High‐episode individuals accounted for 16.6% of all inpatient episodes, high‐length of stay individuals for 46.4% of all hospital days, and high‐cost individuals for 38.9% of total cost.

CONCLUSIONS

Three definitions of high users of inpatient services captured significantly different groups of patients. This has implications for targeting subgroups for intervention and highlights important considerations for selecting the most suitable definition for a given objective.
Excess Readmission vs Excess Penalties: Maximum Readmission Penalties as a Function of Socioeconomics and Geography
Authors: Caracciolo Chris M. , Parker Devin M. , Marshall Emily , Brown Jeremiah R.
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals with “excess” readmissions up to 3% of Medicare reimbursement. Approximately 75% of eligible hospitals received penalties, worth an estimated $428 million, in fiscal year 2015.

OBJECTIVE

To identify demographic and socioeconomic disparities between matched and localized maximum‐penalty and no‐penalty hospitals.

DESIGN

A case‐control study in which cases included were hospitals to receive the maximum 3% penalty under the HRRP during the 2015 fiscal year. Controls were drawn from no‐penalty hospitals and matched to cases by hospital characteristics (primary analysis) or geographic proximity (secondary analysis).

SETTING

A selectiion of 3383 US hospitals eligible for HRRP.

PARTICIPANTS

Thirty‐nine case and 39 control hospitals from the HRRP cohort.

MEASUREMENTS

Socioeconomic status variables were collected by the American Community Survey. Hospital and health system characteristics were drawn from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, American Hospital Association, and Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care. The statistical analysis was conducted using Student t tests.

RESULTS

Thirty‐nine hospitals received a maximum penalty. Relative to controls, maximum‐penalty hospitals in counties with lower SES profiles are defined by increased poverty rates (19.1% vs 15.5%, P = 0.015) and lower rates of high school graduation (82.2% vs 87.5%, P = 0.001). County level age, sex, and ethnicity distributions were similar between cohorts.

CONCLUSION

Cases were more likely than controls to be in counties with low socioeconomic status; highlighting potential unintended consequences of national benchmarks for phenomena underpinned by environmental factors; specifically, whether maximum penalties under the HRRP are a consequence of underperforming hospitals or a manifestation of underserved communities.
Perbandingan Model Estimasi Artificial Neural Network Optimasi Genetic Algorithm dan Regresi Linier Berganda
Authors: Sebayang Jimmy Saputra , Yuniarto Budi
Published: August 2017

Multiple Linear Regression is a statistical approach most commonly used in performing predictive data modeling. One of the methods that can be used in estimating the parameters of the model on Multiple Linear Regression is Ordinary Least Square. It has classical assumptions requirements and often the assumptions are not satisfied. Another method that can be used as an alternative data modeling is Artificial Neural Network. It is  a free-distribution estimator because there's no assumptions that have to be satisfied.  However, modeling data using ANN has some problems such as selection of network topology, learning parameters and weight initialization. Genetic Algorithm method can be used to solve those problems. A set of simulation data was generated to test the reliability of ANN-GA model compared to Multiple Linear Regression model. Model comparison experiments indicate that ANN-GA model are better than Multiple Linear Regression model for estimating simulation data both on the data training and data testing.Keywords:Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm, Ordinary Least Square
Interferon-tau promotes luteal endothelial cell survival and inhibits specific luteolytic genes in bovine corpus luteum
Authors: Basavaraja Raghavendra , Przygrodzka Emilia , Pawlinski Bartosz , Gajewski Zdzislaw , Kaczmarek Monika M , Meidan Rina
Published: August 2017

Interferon-tau (IFNT), a maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) signals in domestic ruminants, suppresses the release of luteolytic pulses of uterine prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), thus extending the corpus luteum (CL) life span. We hypothesized that IFNT also exerts anti-luteolytic actions in bovine CL. To examine the direct effects of IFNT on bovine CL, luteal slices and enriched luteal endothelial cells (LECs) were utilized. We found that recombinant ovine IFNT (roIFNT) markedly elevates interferon-associated genes (STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs: MX2, ISG15 and OAS1Y) in both models. Furthermore, IFNT time-dependently induced STAT1 phosphorylation in LECs without affecting total STAT1. roIFNT-stimulated viable LECs numbers and the knockdown of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) abolished this effect, suggesting that PIAS1 may mediate the proliferative effect of IFNT. IFNT significantly downregulated luteolytic genes such as TGFB1, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), endothelin-1 (EDN1) and serpin family E member-1 (SERPINE1) in LECs. However, less robust effects were observed in luteal slices. Moreover, PGF2a alone induced THBS1, SERPINE1 and EDN1 mRNA in CL slices whereas in the presence of IFNT, THBS1 and SERPINE1 stimulation was abolished. Collectively, these results indicate that IFNT acts via STAT1- IRF9-dependent and independent pathways and affects diverse luteal functions. Most interestingly, this study suggests the existence of an anti-luteolytic effect of IFNT in bovine CL, namely, inhibiting key PGF2a-induced luteolytic genes. The proliferative effect of IFNT may constitute an additional mechanism that promotes luteal cell survival, thus, extending the luteal life span during early pregnancy in cows.
Global strategy and targets to reach end the global tuberculosis epidemic
Authors: Veisani Yousef , Delpisheh Ali , Khazaei Salman
Published: August 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) has the second highest death rate in the world among infectious diseases after HIV/AIDS (Wei et al., 2016). TB epidemic is more important than it was supposed to be (Raviglione and Sulis, 2016). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases were occurred worldwide, among these, 5.9 million (56%) were male, 3.5 million (34%) were female, and 1.0 million (10%) of them was the child. It should be noted that 1.2 million (11%) of all new TB cases were occurred in people that living with HIV (PWLH). Although tuberculosis deaths are declined by about 22% between 2000 to 2015, still is remained among top 10 causes of death in 2015 (Uplekar et al., 2015; WHO, 2016).
Trends in Antibiotic Use by Birth Season and Birth Year
Authors: Kinlaw Alan C. , Stürmer Til , Lund Jennifer L. , Pedersen Lars , Kappelman Michael D. , Daniels Julie L. , Frøslev Trine , Mack Christina D. , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVES:

We examined 2 birth cohort effects on antibiotic prescribing during the first year of life (henceforth, infancy) in Denmark: (1) the birth season effect on timing and overall occurrence of antibiotic prescribing, and (2) the birth year effect amid emerging nationwide pneumococcal vaccination programs and changing prescribing guidelines.

METHODS:

We linked data for all live births in Denmark from 2004 to 2012 (N = 561 729) across the National Health Service Prescription Database, Medical Birth Registry, and Civil Registration System. Across birth season and birth year cohorts, we estimated 1-year risk, rate, and burden of redeemed antibiotic prescriptions during infancy. We used interrupted time series methods to assess prescribing trends across birth year cohorts. Graphical displays of all birth cohort effect data are included.

RESULTS:

The 1-year risk of having at least 1 redeemed antibiotic prescription during infancy was 39.5% (99% confidence interval [CI]: 39.3% to 39.6%). The hazard of a first prescription increased with age throughout infancy and varied by season; subsequently, Kaplan-Meier–derived risk functions varied by birth season cohort. After rollout of a first vaccination program and new antibiotic prescribing guidelines, 1-year risk decreased by 4.4% over 14 months (99% CI: 3.4% to 5.5%); it decreased again after rollout of a second vaccination program by 6.9% over 3 years (99% CI: 4.4% to 9.3%).

CONCLUSIONS:

In Denmark, birth season and birth year cohort effects influenced timing and risk of antibiotic prescribing during infancy. Future studies of antibiotic stewardship, effectiveness, and safety in children should consider these cohort effects, which may render some children inherently more susceptible than others to downstream antibiotic effects.
Assessment opportunities for energy efficiency in Ecuadorian road transport
Authors: Corral Alvaro , Izurieta Francisco , Guayanlema Veronica , Díaz Juan Pablo , Acurio Henry , Quintana Paola
Published: August 2017

El transporte es vital para el desarrollo social y económico de las sociedades alrededor del mundo. Por lo tanto, se tiene que considerar que el transporte masivo ha incrementado a través del tiempo con el consumo discriminado de combustibles fósiles que han servido para suplir la demanda en el transporte. Existen impactos sociales y medio ambientales que tienen que ser evaluados junto con la demanda de energía en Ecuador. La misma que en 2012 equivalió a 46 millones de BEP, donde 73% fue consumida por vehículos de carga pesada y 32% por vehículos de carga liviana. Este patrón de consumo combinado con una flota de vehículos ineficiente y un subsidio discriminado resulto en un derroche excesivo de energía. La investigación se enfoca en el análisis de la situación del transporte en Ecuador, para identificar el desperdicio de energía, el medio ambiente, y las oportunidades de eficiencia energética en este sector.
A numerical solution for the air pollution control problem in 3D1
Authors: Gomez Alirio , Fedossova Alina , Britto Agudelo Rodrigo
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo estudia la minimización del costo del problema de control de contaminación del aire, en una región tridimensional donde existen varias fuentes de contaminación. Dado que el área de control tiene un conjunto infinito de puntos, el modelo propuesto ha sido formulado utilizando programación semi-infinita (SIP). El problema se resolvió utilizando una versión del método estocástico de aproximaciones externas creado por Volkov – Zavriev (1997), que consiste en una búsqueda activa de restricciones relevantes basada en funciones cuasi-óptimas. La concentración del contaminante en cada punto de la región se obtiene de un modelo gaussiano. Se analizaron tres casos teniendo en cuenta la norma colombiana para dióxido de azufre. La hipótesis de que fuentes contaminantes no se establezcan dentro de las ciudades fue apoyada. Por último, los resultados indican que las soluciones de mínimo costo permiten estimar los efectos perjudiciales causados por fuentes en una zona de control.
Modelo biobjetivo para el problema de localización de centros de auxilio y distribución de productos en situaciones de respuesta a desastres
Authors: Moreno Alfredo , Ferreira Deisemara , Alem Douglas
Published: August 2017

Las consecuencias de los desastres naturales en los últimos años han evidenciado la complejidad de esos eventos. Entre las decisiones importantes en situaciones de desastres están la localización de centros de auxilio, la distribución de productos y el dimensionamiento de flota. La ejecución de estas operaciones puede implicar objetivos contradictorios, principalmente, costos logísticos y costos por demanda insatisfecha. Por un lado, minimizar la demanda insatisfecha lleva a mayores costos logísticos. Por otro lado, minimizar los costos logísticos sin considerar la demanda insatisfecha implica un atendimiento ineficaz en las áreas afectadas. En este artículo es desarrollado un modelo biobjetivo de programación estocástica para el problema integrado de localización-distribución y dimensionamiento de flota. Se solucionan instancias basadas en el megadesastre de la región Serrana de Rio de Janeiro en 2011. Las soluciones del modelo biobjetivo son comparadas con una versión mono-objetivo del mismo, resaltando las ventajas y desventajas de cada modelo.
Use of the order statistics when predicting pile foundation failure probability
Authors: Jeff Jefferson Lins da Silva , Nelson Nelson Aoki , Yara Yara Barbosa Franco
Published: August 2017

El estudio de la seguridad y confiabilidad de una fundación con pilotes se basa en el análisis de los momentos probabilísticos, media y coeficiente de variación asociados a la superficie resistente, donde se impone la existencia de una población finita representada por elementos aislados de la fundación. Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la adaptación de la estadística para estimar los parámetros poblacionales, usando los conceptos de la estadística de orden. Los valores de resistencia y solicitación de las fundaciones analizadas se basaron en los datos experimentales publicados en la literatura técnica, donde la variable resistencia fue medida por medio de pruebas de carga. El número de ensayos de campo indica especialmente que, para la diversidad de las fundaciones analizadas, la estadística de orden puede ser una herramienta bastante útil para estimar la probabilidad de falla de fundaciones con pilotes, cuando el número de pruebas de carga es pequeño.
Study of Atrato river plume in a tropical estuary: Effects of the wind and tidal regime on the Gulf of Uraba, Colombia
Authors: Montoya Jaramillo Luis Javier , Toro Botero Mauricio , Gomez-Giraldo Andrés
Published: August 2017

Este estudio se enfoca en la evaluación de la importancia de los diferentes forzamientos sobre la pluma del río Atrato y su propagación en un estuario localizado en el golfo de Uraba en el Caribe Colombiano. Se realizaron seis campañas de medición entre los años 2004 y 2007 para identificar las principales características de esta pluma y para la calibración y validación del modelo numérico. Datos de campo y resultados de un modelo numérico muestran que existe una alta variabilidad espacial y temporal en la pluma de acuerdo a la magnitud de la descarga del río, el ciclo de marea y el esfuerzo cortante inducido por el viento. La descarga del río Atrato se dispersa sobre una porción considerable del golfo de Uraba pero ocupa solamente una capa superficial de alrededor de 2 m. La marea modifica la posición de la pluma a lo largo del día, induciendo una migración horizontal en el frente salino. Se identificaron dos modos de circulación en el golfo de Uraba bajo diferentes condiciones de viento.
O efeito retroativo do EPLIS nas percepções de professores
Authors: Souza Paula Ribeiro e
Published: August 2017

The Aviation English Proficiency Exam for the Brazilian Airspace Control System (EPLIS) was developed in compliance with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) language policy regarding the assessment of English language proficiency for air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators. A high-stakes test by any account, EPLIS was delivered only to in-service air traffic personnel for the first 7 years. In 2014, however, pre-service air traffic controllers started sitting EPLIS in the last semester of their two-year training program. This study aimed at investigating the washback effect of EPLIS on the English teachers’ perceptions in an Air Traffic Control Initial Training Program. Teachers responded to a questionnaire about the influence of EPLIS on different aspects of language teaching and learning. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and the results showed that Aviation English teaching experience andknowledge about the exam interact with washback intensity.
A theoretical outline of the importance of cross-cultural and pragmatic awareness in the business scenario
Authors: Soprana Victor Marques
Published: August 2017

English has become crucial for professional success within the globalized world, and indispensable for communicating with people from other countries. It has become a Lingua Franca and, therefore, has been used to speak among people with different mother tongues who share English as a second language. In light of this multicultural process, this paper aims to provide the reader with a theoretical outline about the relevance of cross-cultural and pragmatic knowledge. Such aspects need to be specially considered when developing an English course for business students as there has been a growing need for professionals to be competent users of English within the business context. Due to this specific context, we have favored an approach – English for Specific Purposes – that targets specific aspects of the language. Our focal point is to validate the need of raising both pragmatic and cross-cultural awareness when teaching business professionals as they will probably have communicative scenarios where such capabilities would be remarkably advantageous.
Éber, tudatos figyelemre épülő, a rákbetegséggel való megküzdést segítő program (MBCR) hatásvizsgálata magyar rákbetegek körében
Authors: Rohánszky Magda , Berényi Károly , Fridrik Dóra , Pusztafalvi Henriette
Published: August 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: Employment of mindfulness-based programs and techniques in the treatment of cancer patients have spread exponentially in the past decade. A large number of studies have proved the effectiveness of the program in the reduction of stress symptoms, depression and anxiety, and the improvement of sleep and mood patterns. The present study was done at Firebird Foundation and examines the effectiveness of the complex, MBCR (mindfulness-based cancer recovery)-based psycho-social intervention in the treatment of cancer patients. Method: The experimental group consisted of 101 people with various types and states of cancer. The control group consisted of 72 adjusted people. We did measurements (PPS, HADS, FACT-G, POMS-SF, Freiburg Adaptation Questionnaire) before the intervention (T1), right after the 8-week intervention (T2), and 6 months after the intervention (T3). Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in the measured psychological variables, and in few aspects of life quality between T1 and T2. There was a decrease in levels of observed stress and depression, and an escalation in optimism and vitality. We found a decrease in depressive and minimizing coping scores as well. There was a significant improvement in two dimensions of quality of life, and all these positive changes remained present by the end of the follow-up period (T3). In the control group, we only found a significant increase in minimizing coping scores at the time of T3 measurements. This is the first impact assessment study done on cancer patients using MBCR techniques in Hungary. Conclusions: The MBCR program is a very effective psychosocial intervention among cancer patients; it has a long term significant impact on mood and quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(33): 1293–1301.
МОДЕЛЬ И МЕТОД СЖИГАНИЯ В ТЕПЛОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ УСТАНОВКЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО ГАЗА ПЕРЕМЕННОГО СОСТАВА
Authors: Лысюк А. В. , Бондаренко А. В. , Максимов М. М. , Брунеткин А. И.
Published: August 2017

Определение условной формулы газообразного углеводородного топлива основано на модельных представлениях в соответствии с законами сохранения вещества, Дальтона, химического равновесия по парциальным давлениям. Определение динамических характеристик теплоэнергетического оборудования основано на уравнениях материального и теплового балансов, законов конвективного и лучистого теплообмена и свойств сжимаемой газообразной среды. Предложен метод обеспечения заданной тепловой нагрузки теплогенерирующей установки основаный на вычислении условной формулы газообразного углеводородного топлива и определении динамических характеристик теплогенерирующей установки.
Relaciones biológicas en grupos cazadores-recolectores de la transición Pampeano-Patagónica oriental (Argentina) durante el Holoceno tardío. Aportes desde la métrica dental
Authors: Luna Leandro Hernán , Flensborg Gustavo , Martinez Gustavo
Published: August 2017

Los modelos bioantropológicos y arqueológicos proponen cambios en la demografía, en la organización social, en las dinámicas poblacionales y en las redes de interacción social entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores del norte de la Patagonia y del sur pampeano durante los últimos 1000 años. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar, desde la perspectiva de la antropología dental, si los individuos recuperados en el curso inferior del río Colorado (transición pampeano-patagónica oriental, provincia de Buenos Aires), inhumados durante el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000-250 años AP), pertenecieron a diferentes poblaciones biológicas o si, por el contrario, compartieron un pool génico común a lo largo de ese período. Para alcanzar este objetivo se realizaron análisis métricos de la dentición permanente de 21 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, procedentes de tres sitios arqueológicos. Los resultados indican una similitud en la dispersión de los valores obtenidos, lo que permitiría inferir cierta continuidad fenotípica. En este sentido, no se observan segregaciones claras entre grupos de individuos, de manera que es posible plantear que no habrían existido divergencias biológicas entre los grupos humanos que inhumaban a sus ancestros en el área durante todo el lapso considerado. Estos datos contrastan con la información generada en áreas vecinas (p. ej., Pampa occidental), lo que indicaría que durante el Holoceno tardío final (ca. 1000-250 años AP) se habrían desarrollado diferentes procesos y dinámicas poblacionales (p.ej., regionalización) a nivel macro-regional.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI PEMAKAI DAN DUKUNGAN MANAJEMEN PUNCAK TERHADAP KESUKSESAN PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN
Authors: Nasrizal Nasrizal
Published: August 2017

The objective of this research was to examine empirically the influence of user participation and top management support on success of accounting information system development and its impact on decision making process. The analysis units were the hospital in Pekanbaru city. The election of sample is by using technique of probability sampling with method of simple random sampling. The statistical method used to test the hypothesises was path analysis  with AMOS 20  program. The result shows that only the first hypothesis did not have a significant influence, while the others had  a significant influence.
PENGARUH HUMAN CAPITAL TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR PADA KAP YANG ADA DI BANDUNG
Authors: Supriatna Nono
Published: August 2017

This study is based on the importance of accountant professionalism as human capital in accounting firm as a service company. This research is intended to study the effect of human capital on the performance of auditors in KAP in Bandung by proposing research hypothesis that, human capital have positive effect on auditor performance, either partially or simultaneously. Several dimensions as sub-variables that form human caputals to be studied are represented by individual capability, individual motivation, leadership, the organizational climate, and workgroup effectiveness factors. The auditor's performance is measured by three factors that make the performance are (1) individual factors, (2) psychological factors, and (3) organizational factors. The study was conducted at an accounting firm located in Bandung. From the number of population taken random sample consisting of senior accountant and junior accountant as respondent. Data collection technique used is by using questionnaire. In accordance with the measurement scale, the data that have been collected tested the validity of Rank Spearman correlation formula and reliability with Alpha Cronbach. Data that have been tested and declared valid and reliable are then analyzed by correlation and regression analysis. Based on the results of correlation and regression analysis to test the hypothesis obtained findings of research results that human capital simultaneously have a fairly close relationship with its performance. While from multiple regression analysis it is known that each dimension gives various contribution to auditor performance and significant at p = 0,05, so from result of significance test, either partially or simultaneously can be concluded to accept research hypothesis, that is human capital have positive effect to auditor performance
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI ANGGARAN TERHADAP SENJANGAN ANGGARAN: KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING
Authors: Fatmawati Ifat , Widyaningsih Aristanti
Published: August 2017

This research purpose to examine the effect budgetary participation on budgetary slack and moderation organizational commitment and enviroment uncertainty at budget participation on budgetary slack. This research used descriptive verification method. The sampling technique is non probablity sampling with  propotional sampling technique. The samples is 142 people from the entire population. The unit of analysis is the head/ field/ sub division in SKPD Serang. data was collected with direct distribution by using numerical scale form of  statement list. The data is processed by using simple regression to test the first hypothesis and regression with the absolute value of the difference for the second and third test hypothesis. The results of this research show; First, there is positive between budgetary participation and budgetary slack. Second, organizational commitment as a moderating variable was not proved to strengthen the influence of budgetary participation on budgetary slack, and third, the uncertainty of the environment as a moderating variable was not proved to strengthen the influence of budgetary participation on budgetary slack