bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on the use of metaheuristics for the optimisation of multimodal transportation
Authors: Chau Matina L. Y. , Gkiotsalitis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

The optimisation of multimodal transportation is constantly evolving, striving to provide commuters with seamless mobility and sustainable networks. Multimodal transportation problems often, however, present optimisation challenges because of their high dimensionality, compounded by network size, modelling criteria, and modes. Among these challenges is computational complexity, which can be reduced with the use of metaheuristic solution approaches that strive to find an acceptable solution within a reasonable timeframe. In addition, as machine learning finds integration within real-world applications, the demand for parallel computing and robust computational infrastructure is on the rise. Given these rapid shifts, this paper is motivated to present a comprehensive systematic literature review on the optimisation of multimodal transportation, focusing on the urban mobility of passengers, using metaheuristics. After conducting a systematic bibliographic search, a thorough classification of studies based on their problem scope, mathematical formulation, methodology, temporal- and network settings is conducted. Overall, findings provide insights into tackling the challenges of multimodal urban transport optimisation for future investigation, addressing concerns over scalability and efficiency for real-time deployment.
Corynebacterium glutamicum: vom Umami-Geschmack zur Bioökonomie
Authors: Bott Michael , Wendisch Volker F.
Published: February 2025

Corynebacterium glutamicum was isolated in 1956 in Japan because of its remarkable property to secrete large quantities of L-glutamate under specific conditions. This was the start of industrial fermentative amino acid production and of intensive research on this actinobacterium, by which it became a model organism in microbial biotechnology. Nowadays, the spectrum of products that are synthesized with Corynebacterium glutamicum from renewable carbon sources goes far beyond amino acids and includes, e. g., organic acids, amines, isoprenoids, or proteins.
Mit Hochdurchsatzsequenzierung das Biodiversitätsmonitoring ausbauen
Authors: Buchner Dominik , Leese Florian
Published: February 2025

Biodiversity monitoring is urgently needed in times of global change. Traditional methods reach their limits, especially when it comes to monitoring the huge diversity of small organisms. Genetic methods, especially DNA metabarcoding, enable analyses of large sample sizes and can support monitoring. So far metabarcoding has been limited by high costs, a lack of standards, and incomplete reference databases. Methodological advancements make it now possible to integrate metabarcoding into biodiversity monitoring. We demonstrate the scalability of this approach based on results from large-scale insect monitoring in Germany.
Slicing of radial functions: a dimension walk in the Fourier space
Authors: Rux Nicolaj , Quellmalz Michael , Steidl Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Computations in high-dimensional spaces can often be realized only approximately, using a certain number of projections onto lower dimensional subspaces or sampling from distributions. In this paper, we are interested in pairs of real-valued functions (F, f) on

$$[0,\infty )$$

[
0
,
∞
)

that are related by the projection/slicing formula

$$F (\Vert x \Vert ) = {\mathbb {E}}_{\xi } \big [ f \big (|\langle x,\xi \rangle | \big ) \big ]$$

F

(
‖
x
‖
)

=

E
ξ

[

f

(

|

⟨
x
,
ξ
⟩

|

)

]

for

$$x\in {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

x
∈

R

d

, where the expectation value is taken over uniformly distributed directions in

$${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

. While it is known that F can be obtained from f by an Abel-like integral formula, we construct conversely f from given F using their Fourier transforms. First, we consider the relation between F and f for radial functions

$$F(\Vert \cdot \Vert )$$

F
(
‖
·
‖
)

that are Fourier transforms of

$$L^1$$

L
1

functions. Besides d- and one-dimensional Fourier transforms, it relies on a rotation operator, an averaging operator and a multiplication operator to manage the walk from d to one dimension in the Fourier space. Then, we generalize the results to tempered distributions, where we are mainly interested in radial regular tempered distributions. Based on Bochner’s theorem, this includes positive definite functions

$$F(\Vert \cdot \Vert )$$

F
(
‖
·
‖
)

and, by the theory of fractional derivatives, also functions F whose derivative of order

$$\lfloor \nicefrac {d}{2}\rfloor $$

⌊

d
2

⌋

is slowly increasing and continuous.
Count on Me: Moral Language in Social Media and Policy Discourse during the Ukraine-Russia Conflict
Authors: Amjadi Eimon , John Richard S.
Published: February 2025

We apply moral foundations theory (MFT) to explore how the public conceptualizes the first eight months of the conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation (Russia). Our analysis includes over 1.1 million English tweets related to the conflict over the first 36 weeks. We used linguistic inquiry word count (LIWC) and a moral foundations dictionary to identify tweets’ moral components (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity) from the United States, pre- and post-Cold War NATO countries, Ukraine, and Russia. Following an initial spike at the beginning of the conflict, tweet volume declined and stabilized by week 10. The level of moral content varied significantly across the five regions and the five moral components. Tweets from the different regions included significantly different moral foundations to conceptualize the conflict. Across all regions, tweets were dominated by loyalty content, while fairness content was infrequent. Moral content over time was relatively stable, and variations were linked to reported conflict events.
Active learning for regression in engineering populations: a risk-informed approach
Authors: Clarkson Daniel R. , Bull Lawrence A. , Dardeno Tina A. , Wickramarachchi Chandula T. , Cross Elizabeth J. , Rogers Timothy J. , Worden Keith , Dervilis Nikolaos , Hughes Aidan J.
Published: February 2025

Regression is a fundamental prediction task common in data-centric engineering applications that involves learning mappings between continuous variables. In many engineering applications (e.g., structural health monitoring), feature-label pairs used to learn such mappings are of limited availability, which hinders the effectiveness of traditional supervised machine learning approaches. This paper proposes a methodology for overcoming the issue of data scarcity by combining active learning (AL) for regression with hierarchical Bayesian modeling. AL is an approach for preferentially acquiring feature-label pairs in a resource-efficient manner. In particular, the current work adopts a risk-informed approach that leverages contextual information associated with regression-based engineering decision-making tasks (e.g., inspection and maintenance). Hierarchical Bayesian modeling allow multiple related regression tasks to be learned over a population, capturing local and global effects. The information sharing facilitated by this modeling approach means that information acquired for one engineering system can improve predictive performance across the population. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using an experimental case study. Specifically, multiple regressions are performed over a population of machining tools, where the quantity of interest is the surface roughness of the workpieces. An inspection and maintenance decision process is defined using these regression tasks, which is in turn used to construct the active-learning algorithm. The novel methodology proposed is benchmarked against an uninformed approach to label acquisition and independent modeling of the regression tasks. It is shown that the proposed approach has superior performance in terms of expected cost—maintaining predictive performance while reducing the number of inspections required.
AUTOMATED DETECTION OF EMOTION IN CENTRAL BANK COMMUNICATION: A WARNING
Authors: Baerg Nicole , Binder Carola
Published: February 2025

Central banks have increased their official communications. Previous literature measures complexity, clarity, tone and sentiment. Less explored is the use of fact versus emotion in central bank communication. We test a new method for classifying factual versus emotional language, applying a pretrained transfer learning model, fine-tuned with manually coded, task-specific and domain-specific data sets. We find that the large language models outperform traditional models on some occasions; however, the results depend on a number of choices. We therefore caution researchers from depending solely on such models even for tasks that appear similar. Our findings suggest that central bank communications are not only technically but also subjectively difficult to understand.
Addressing Measurement Errors in Ranking Questions for the Social Sciences
Authors: Atsusaka Yuki , Kim Seo-young Silvia
Published: February 2025

Social scientists often use ranking questions to study people’s opinions and preferences. However, little is understood about the general nature of measurement errors in such questions, let alone their statistical consequences and what researchers can do about them. We introduce a statistical framework to improve ranking data analysis by addressing measurement errors in ranking questions. First, we characterize measurement errors from random responses—arbitrary and meaningless responses based on a wide range of random patterns. We then quantify bias due to random responses, show that the bias may change our conclusion in any direction, and clarify why item order randomization alone does not solve the statistical issue. Next, we introduce our methodology based on two key design-based considerations: item order randomization and the addition of an “anchor” ranking question with known correct answers. They allow researchers to (1) learn about the direction of the bias and (2) estimate the proportion of random responses, enabling our bias-corrected estimators. We illustrate our methods by studying the relative importance of people’s partisan identity compared to their racial, gender, and religious identities in American politics. We find that about 30% of respondents offered random responses and that these responses may affect our substantive conclusions.
TRAJAN’S NOSE: ANTHOLOGIA PALATINA 11.418 AND PLUTARCH’S REGVM ET IMPERATORVM APOPHTHEGMATA 172E
Authors: van der Wiel Laurens
Published: February 2025

Anth. Pal. 11.418 is traditionally attributed to Trajan. The distich mocks a man’s large nose and is a typical example of a scoptic epigram. Even though the attribution to Trajan looks suspicious, scholarship has been inclined to accept his authorship. However, it is possible that the poem was written about the emperor instead, which would also explain the misattribution. This hypothesis, if correct, sheds light on the surprising opening anecdote of Plutarch’s Regum et imperatorum apophthegmata (172E), which is dedicated to Trajan.
Emotion and Ethics: The Conjoined Twins of Early Modern English Culture
Authors: Pollock Linda A.
Published: February 2025

Passions and affections, notwithstanding their potential and capacity for disorder, were fundamental to the workings of the early modern world and lay at the centre of ethical life. Yet, most scholarship ignores the inseparability of emotion and ethics for early modern society. This article reviews the current state of scholarship in three fields: history of philosophy, history of emotions, and English society and governance, highlighting the assumptions and arguments which have led to the mistaken severance of affect from morality, the exclusion of ethics from histories of emotion, and the omission of emotion from studies of English power and authority. It argues that this separation is anachronistic and impairs our ability to understand governance in early modern England. This was a world of fused affect and morality which underpinned particular notions of power and authority. That governance was located within an ethical/emotive paradigm has been given insufficient attention.
John Owen, Puritan Politics, and the Fall of the Cromwellian Protectorate
Authors: Quibell Adam
Published: February 2025

The English protectorate began in 1653 with a conspiracy of politicians, army officers, and religious leaders against a theocratic strain of puritanism. Among the plotters was John Owen (1616–83), the leading religious authority of the Interregnum, vice-chancellor of Oxford University, and the ‘Cajoler of Cromwell’. When amid a military and republican coup parliament was dissolved and Richard Cromwell removed in 1659, Owen was again at the heart of events. But the narrative became that this time he had used his influence to oppose the Cromwells. As minister of a congregation at the centre of the nation’s halls of power composed of the military and political elite, Owen became seen as Richard Cromwell’s ‘instrument of ruine’. This article challenges that narrative and its appearance in histories of early 1659 and of Owen’s biography by utilizing new sources and re-evaluating known evidence within the broader context of religious and political divisions at the end of the protectorate. Owen supported whatever political form could best preserve the long-term safety of the English commonwealth and godly rule against the Stuarts. Yet Owen’s legacy became contested among the godly after the Restoration, as the agent of the protectorate’s fall and the failure of puritan politics.
The number of overlapping customers in Erlang-A queues: an asymptotic approach
Authors: Pender Jamol , Myoung Ko Young , Xu Jin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the number of customers that overlap or coincide with a virtual customer in an Erlang-A queue. Our analysis starts with the fluid and diffusion limit differential equations to obtain the mean and variance of the queue length. We then develop precise approximations for waiting times using fluid limits and the polygamma function. Building on this, we introduce a novel approximation scheme to calculate the mean and variance of the number of overlapping customers. This method facilitates the assessment of transient overlap risks in complex service systems, offering a useful tool for service providers to mitigate significant overlaps during pandemic seasons.
Generational Memory Loss within Imperial Systems: An Archaeological Case Study from the Roman Empire
Authors: Matthews Boehmer Thomas
Published: February 2025

Forgetting, and having recourse to unremembering the past, is useful for different populations. The modern world has provided a range of examples, but the effectiveness of short-term amnesia has not always been highlighted in archaeological scholarship. In this article, a case study from the Roman-period Netherlands highlights that the significance of memory-making in the past may have been overstated. Especially among those societies living under imperial rule, forgetting played an important role, one that calls for more critical focus and understanding. The utilization of cross-cultural and historical examples provides the background for a close analysis of the remains from a single graveyard. The study brings out the repeated amnesiac changes that indigenous groups underwent to adapt themselves to the continuing fact of occupation.
Healthcare professionals’ discussion of loss and grief with parents of children with life-limiting severe neurological impairment: Findings from a scoping review
Authors: Brennan Elaine , Clarke Marian (Mya) , Guerin Suzanne
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Parents’ experiences of loss and grief in the context of caring for a child with life-limiting severe neurological conditions are complex. Supportive interventions delivered by multidisciplinary teams have the potential to mitigate illness-related and anticipatory grief before and after bereavement. To date, the literature on professionals’ discussion of loss and grief with parents has not been synthesized. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence to establish what is known about professionals’ experience of these discussions with this population, with particular emphasis on timing, frequency, and the setting in which discussions occur.

Methods

A scoping review was developed, informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta analyses – Scoping Extension guidelines and the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework. Three electronic databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMED) were searched using medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and keywords search strings in January 2023. The search was not limited to year of publication. Overall, 35 articles were analyzed using a combination of descriptive analysis and thematic synthesis.

Results

Two overarching themes were identified, “loss and grief are part of this context” and “lack of recognition of loss and grief,” illustrating that despite the lack of evidence of explicit discussion of these issues, some aspects of loss and grief appeared to guide or implicitly influence healthcare professionals’ practice. Failure to acknowledge loss and grief was associated with an increase in parental distress and had implications for future care planning.

Significance of results

Healthcare professionals are well placed to discuss loss and grief with parents of children with life-limiting severe neurological conditions. However, these discussions are only implicitly reported in the literature. Findings suggest that some professionals avoided discussing loss and grief. Bereavement outcomes are not typically considered in findings of the papers reviewed. Based on these findings, future research should focus on what this means for understanding professionals’ capacity to engage with loss and grief.
Iliad Translations in the Undergraduate Classroom
Authors: Hardwick Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Teaching ancient literature in translation is increasingly common across schools and universities; however, there has been limited discussion of pedagogical approaches towards, specifically, translated literature. I discuss the findings of a study conducted on first-year undergraduates at Oxford University, who analysed translations of the Iliad as part of a taught course. The publication of Wilson (2023) offers an opportunity to see how students respond to very recent translations. I explore the pitfalls students encounter when analysing poetry in translation and the ways educators, whether in high schools or universities, can help students negotiate these pitfalls and develop a more sophisticated understanding of literary translation. In particular, I discuss how a student’s level of familiarity with the Greek language affects the ways they analyse translations, and how educators can encourage students with little or no Greek to engage with translations successfully.
Effect of buckwheat and silage tarps on sweetpotato between-row weed control
Authors: Cooper Emmanuel , Meyers Stephen L. , Jennings Katherine , Adair Ashley , Gibson Kevin D. , Johnson William G.
Published: February 2025

Field studies were conducted on certified organic land in Lafayette and Vincennes, IN, in 2023 to determine the impact of different between-row weed control methods on weed suppression and sweetpotato yield. Between-row treatments consisted of organic buckwheat (108 kg ha−1) broadcast seeded immediately after sweetpotato transplanting followed by silage tarping from 3 wk after transplanting (WATr) through harvest, organic buckwheat (108 kg ha−1) broadcast seeded 3 WATr and terminated 7 WATr, and cultivation as a grower standard. Weed density at 6 WATr was 0, 184, and 162 plants m−2 for the silage tarping, living mulch buckwheat, and cultivation treatments, respectively. Total yield was 11,048 kg ha−1 for the living mulch buckwheat, 19,792 kg ha−1 for the cultivation, and 17,814 kg ha−1 for the tarping treatments. Tarping effectively suppressed weeds and produced sweetpotato yields comparable to cultivation, indicating the potential for use by organic growers. When buckwheat was grown between rows 3 to 7 WATr, sweetpotato yield was lower than it was with tarping and cultivation. These results suggest that researchers should be evaluating tarps for small-acreage farmers as a weed management strategy.
Crustal Structure and Tectonic Origin of Late Cretaceous Oceanic Crust and Adjacent Caribbean Large Igneous Province in the Colombian Basin
Authors: Ramos Juan Pablo , Mann Paul , Carvajal‐Arenas Luis Carlos
Published: February 2025

The tectonic origin of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) and its adjacent oceanic crust in the Colombian Basin are examined using 3D seismic reflection mapping, regional gravity and magnetic data mapping, and a compilation of CLIP radiometric ages. Using these data, we show how the CLIP and its adjacent oceanic crust formed by extensive and prolonged volcanism linked to a regional, east‐west trending, extinct spreading ridge. Our 3D seismic mapping of the crustal structure in the Colombian Basin shows a northeast‐striking transform fault separating two extinct ridge segments based on the abrupt shallowing (>10 km) of the Moho, and the changes in crustal thickness from 16 km to <4 km. Additional 3D mapping combined with mapping of regional gravity anomalies reveals other northeast‐trending transform faults that offset the east‐west‐trending spreading ridge system. Integration of previously studied magnetic anomalies suggests that seafloor spreading in the Colombian and Venezuelan basins occurred during the primary period of CLIP formation from the Albian to Campanian (108–73 Ma). The presence of seaward dipping reflectors mapped using the 3D seismic reflection data further supports our hypothesis that the thickened crust of the CLIP accompanied seafloor spreading along the newly identified spreading ridge. The ages of CLIP basalts recovered from outcrops and offshore samples support our conclusions that the CLIP is largely the product of volcanic eruptions along a spreading ridge system over a period of 30 My and that the areas of normal oceanic crust adjacent to the spreading ridge records a gradual reduction in the magma supply to the spreading ridge.
Characteristics of Wave‐Particle Power Transfer as a Function of Electron Pitch Angle in Nonlinear Frequency Chirping
Authors: Wu Zeyin , Wu Yifan , Tao Xin
Published: February 2025

Whistler mode chorus waves, common in Earth's and planetary magnetospheres, play a crucial role in energetic electron dynamics. These waves exhibit distinctive narrowband features, intense amplitudes, and frequency chirping. While numerous studies have explored chorus wave generation, an important yet often overlooked parameter is the resonant electron pitch angle. Motivated by this gap, we conduct particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations to identify the key pitch angle governing wave‐particle power transfer during interactions with chorus waves. Our findings reveal that the characteristic pitch angle, which dominates power transfer, aligns with the pitch angle that minimizes the nonlinear parameter during the central portion of a chirping element. This insight supports the use of a representative pitch angle in nonlinear theories of chorus waves to estimate wave properties.
Attenuation of Hydro‐Sediment Dynamics Progradation Over Mangrove Wetland
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Huang Zuming , Dai Zhijun , Luo Jiejun , Zeng Wenjun , Liang Xixing
Published: February 2025

Mangrove wetlands are one of the vital ecological resources that effectively trap sediment and attenuate the dynamic of waves and currents, thus protecting coastal areas from the onslaught of typhoons. Despite their importance, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how mangrove dynamics influence hydro‐sediment dynamics and dissipation effects. Here, the wave, current, and sediment data, along with sediment particle size and mangrove vegetation parameters are used to analyze the variation of hydro‐sediment dynamics along the mangrove wetland. Our findings reveal that bottom flow velocities exhibit a continuous clockwise dispersion in a disordered pattern from the bare flats into the mangrove interior, influenced by the increasing density of mangroves. Furthermore, the hydro‐sediment elements exhibit pronounced tidal asymmetry, with the values of bottom velocity, suspended sediment concentration, and suspended sediment flux (SSF) shifting from being higher during flood tides to being higher during ebb tides due to tidal motion. Meanwhile, we found that the SSF at the mangrove edge may be the main source of the elevation changes at the mangrove interior. The vertical structure of Aegiceras corniculatum significantly affects sediment transport, with a notable decrease in SSF in areas with dense canopies. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on mangrove dynamics and their impact on sediment transport and hydro‐sediment damping, providing valuable insights for mangrove conservation and restoration efforts.
Wavelet Multi‐Scale Analysis of the Linear Gravity Anomalies of the Moon
Authors: Wan Yan , Chen Bo , Xu Changyi , Du Jinsong
Published: February 2025

The history of the thermal and dynamic evolution of the Moon is partly recorded by lunar linear structures. Identification and analysis of subsurface linear structures and their associated gravity anomalies provide insights into the early evolution of the Moon. However, the current understanding of their deep extensions is limited. In this study, we employ gravity data and the 2D continuous wavelet transform technique to analyze the subsurface extension of linear structures. Four significant linear gravity anomalies (LGAs) are studied, including the north (FN) and south (FS) anomalies located in the lunar farside and the northwest (NNW) and northeast (NNE) anomalies in the nearside. Our results indicate that the top depths and widths of the mass sources associated with these linear structures can be determined. The intrusion depths of all four LGAs vary along their strike, with the shallowest intrusion depth reaching 8–10 km. For the FN anomaly, the top depths of the intrusive body range from 8 to 20 km, while intrusion widths vary between 30 and 50 km. Wavelet analysis for the FS anomaly indicates an intrusive source with a top width and depth of ∼30 and 10 km. For the NNW anomaly, the source body has top depths of 10–20 km with varying top widths at different sections (25∼50 km). As for the NNE structure, our results suggest substantial top widths between 75 and 150 km alongside relatively shallow top depths of 8–15 km. These LGAs are likely attributed to vertical magma intrusions connected at their bases to the crust‐mantle interface.
Coupled Lake‐Atmosphere‐Land Physics Uncertainties in a Great Lakes Regional Climate Model
Authors: Pringle William J. , Huang Chenfu , Xue Pengfei , Wang Jiali , Sargsyan Khachik , Kayastha Miraj B. , Chakraborty T. C. , Yang Zhao , Qian Yun , Hetland Robert D.
Published: February 2025

This study develops a surrogate‐based method to assess the uncertainty within a convective permitting integrated modeling system of the Great Lakes region, arising from interacting physics parameterizations across the lake, atmosphere, and land surface. Perturbed physics ensembles of the model during the 2018 summer are used to train a neural network surrogate model to predict lake surface temperature (LST) and near‐surface air temperature (T2m). Average physics uncertainties are determined to be 1.5C for LST and T2m over land, and 1.9C for T2m over lake, but these have significant spatiotemporal variations. We find that atmospheric physics parameterizations alone are the dominant sources of uncertainty (45%–53%), while lake and land parameterizations account for 33% and 38% of the uncertainty of LST and T2m over land respectively. Interactions of atmosphere physics parameterizations with those of the land and lake contribute to an additional 13%–17% of the total variance. LST and T2m over the lake are more uncertain in the deeper northern lakes, particularly during the rapid warming phase that occurs in late spring/early summer. The LST uncertainty increases with sensitivity to the lake model's surface wind stress scheme. T2m over land is more uncertain over forested areas in the north, where it is most sensitive to the land surface model, than the more agricultural land in the south, where it is most sensitive to the atmospheric planetary boundary and surface layer scheme. Uncertainty also increases in the southwest during multiday temperature declines with higher sensitivity to the land surface model.
Development of composite electrolyte membranes with functional polymer nanofiber frameworks
Authors: Kawakami Hiroyoshi
Published: February 2025

Solid electrolyte membranes based on polymers have shown promise owing to their high-energy demand and the sustainable and cost-effective nature of these materials. However, polymer electrolyte membranes composed of a polymer matrix have not progressed for the following reasons: (1) the low ion conductivity of polymer materials cannot achieve the level required for practical use, and (2) it is difficult to satisfy both battery performance and membrane durability simultaneously because of the trade-offs between ion conductivity and membrane stability. In recent years, research on composite electrolyte membranes composed of polymer nanofibers and a polymer matrix has attracted significant interest because of their improved ion conductivity, excellent membrane durability, and ability to fabricate thinner membranes. Polymeric nanofiber-containing polymer electrolyte membranes are expected to be applied not only to electrolyte membranes for fuel cells and water electrolysis, including alkaline-type electrolyte membranes for water electrolysis, but also to all-solid-state Li-ion batteries and all-solid-state Li-air batteries. This focus review presents the latest information on these topics.
Addressing the Gaps in the Vitamin B12 Deficiency 2024 NICE Guidelines: Highlighting the Need for Better Recognition, Diagnosis, and Management of Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Thain Alfie , Hart Kathryn , Ahmadi Kourosh R.
Published: February 2025

The 2024 NICE guidelines on vitamin B12 deficiency have significant implications for the diagnosis and management of pernicious anaemia (PA), the commonest non-dietary cause of such deficiency. This perspective discusses the guidelines in relation to PA itself, suggests that clearer diagnostic protocols are required, and calls for clinician education to improve the patient journey for those with PA.
High-throughput numerical modeling of the tunable synaptic behavior in 2D MoS2 memristive devices
Authors: Spetzler Benjamin , Sangwan Vinod K. , Hersam Mark C. , Ziegler Martin
Published: February 2025

Memristive devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as potential synaptic candidates for next-generation neuromorphic computing hardware. Here, we introduce a numerical modeling framework that facilitates efficient exploration of the large parameter space for 2D memristive synaptic devices. High-throughput charge-transport simulations are performed to investigate the voltage pulse characteristics for lateral 2D memristors and synaptic device metrics are studied for different weight-update schemes. We show that the same switching mechanism can lead to fundamentally different pulse characteristics influencing not only the device metrics but also the weight-update direction. A thorough analysis of the parameter space allows simultaneous optimization of the linearity, symmetry, and drift in the synaptic behavior that are related through tradeoffs. The presented modeling framework can serve as a tool for designing 2D memristive devices in practical neuromorphic circuits by providing guidelines for materials properties, device functionality, and system performance for target applications.
Foundations of a knee joint digital twin from qMRI biomarkers for osteoarthritis and knee replacement
Authors: Hoyer Gabrielle , Gao Kenneth T. , Gassert Felix G. , Luitjens Johanna , Jiang Fei , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina
Published: February 2025

This study forms the basis of a digital twin system of the knee joint, using advanced quantitative MRI (qMRI) and machine learning to advance precision health in osteoarthritis (OA) management and knee replacement (KR) prediction. We combined deep learning-based segmentation of knee joint structures with dimensionality reduction to create an embedded feature space of imaging biomarkers. Through cross-sectional cohort analysis and statistical modeling, we identified specific biomarkers, including variations in cartilage thickness and medial meniscus shape, that are significantly associated with OA incidence and KR outcomes. Integrating these findings into a comprehensive framework represents a considerable step toward personalized knee-joint digital twins, which could enhance therapeutic strategies and inform clinical decision-making in rheumatological care. This versatile and reliable infrastructure has the potential to be extended to broader clinical applications in precision health.
A twenty-first century structural change in Antarctica’s sea ice system
Authors: Raphael Marilyn N. , Maierhofer Thomas J. , Fogt Ryan L. , Hobbs William R. , Handcock Mark S.
Published: February 2025

From 1979 to 2016, total Antarctic sea ice extent experienced a positive trend with record winter maxima in 2012 and 2014. Record summer minima followed within the period 2017-2024, raising the possibility that the Antarctic sea ice system might be changing state. Here we use a Bayesian reconstruction of Antarctic sea ice extent which extends the record back to 1899, to show that the sequence of extreme minima in summer Antarctic sea ice extent is unlikely to have happened in the 20th century. We show that they represent a structural change in the sea ice system, manifest by increased persistence in the sea ice extent anomalies and a strongly reduced tendency to return to the mean state. Further, our analysis suggests that we may no longer rely on the past, long-term, behavior of the sea ice system to predict its future state. Extreme conditions may characterize the future state of Antarctic sea ice.
Application of DELs for E3 Ligase Ligand Discovery and Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Malone Marie L. , Sanchez Nicholas A. , Hu Stacy L. , Phelps Christopher B.
Published: February 2025

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) provides new therapeutic opportunities beyond traditional inhibitors. TPD relies on the ability to induce proximity between an E3 ligase and the target of interest, harnessing the ubiquitin proteasome system to ubiquitylate and degrade the target. This proximity can be induced by either monofunctional ligands (molecular glues) or bifunctional molecules that tether ligases and target ligands together. DNA encoded libraries (DELs) provide rapid access to diverse chemical space for ligand discovery and, by their design, facilitate the development of both molecular glues and bifunctional degraders.
Theoretical study on the kinetic behavior of Np(VI) reduction with hydroxylamine and its derivatives: substituent effect
Authors: Huang Xin , Wu Qun-Yan , Wang Congzhi , Lan Jianhui , Wang Hongqing , Shi Weiqun
Published: February 2025

Spent fuel reprocessing entails controlling the valence state of Np and its direction in the Plutonium-Uranium Reduction Extraction (PUREX) process. Hydroxylamine (HA) and its derivatives are effective salt-free reductants that...
A large-Stokes shift styryl pyridinium derivative with a stable green-light emission for imaging mitochondria in live cells
Authors: Abeywickrama Chathura S. , Arachchige Kavinda M. , Wijesinghe Kaveesha J. , Stahelin Robert V. , Pang Yi
Published: February 2025

A large Stokes shift green-emitting styryl pyridinium probe was developed for live cell imaging applications.
Optimization of bacterial biorefineries for sustainable biodiesel production and flue gas reduction: a holistic approach to climate change mitigation and circular economy
Authors: Barla Rachael Jovita , Gupta Suresh , Raghuvanshi Smita
Published: February 2025

The overview of climate change, the integrated bioreactor system, together with a life cycle assessment, a techno-economic analysis, and the implications for promoting a circular economy is discussed.
Asymptotic Stabilization for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Input Quantization
Authors: Yan Fei , Wang Shuo , Gu Guoxiang
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the problem of asymptotic stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems involving logarithmic quantization at the system input. Different from the existing results and approaches, a Lyapunov function candidate and an adaptive control law are developed to adaptively estimate the uncertain parameters and to asymptotically stabilize the uncertain nonlinear system, in which the control input also involves uncertain parameters, possibly in the nonlinear form. It is shown that asymptotic stabilization can be achieved under some mild conditions, even though the adaptively estimated parameters do not converge to the true system parameters. A sufficient condition is obtained for the asymptotic stabilizability, in terms of the quantization density and the multiplicative parameter error bound at the control input. More importantly, the proposed adaptive control law is suboptimal for the corresponding LQR control and achieves the ‐norm to be strictly smaller than , provided that , for the uncertain linearized closed‐loop system, effectively suppressing energy bounded disturbances. Finally, two simulation examples are worked out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Research on Arc Ignition Characteristics of Cables’ Insulation Under Different Temperatures Considering Thickness
Authors: Liu Jingli , Zhong Yuyao , Shan Yu , Xie Qing , Li Yan
Published: February 2025

Internal arc faults in cables are a significant cause of cable fires, with the cable temperature being time‐dependent due to varying loading levels. Thus, it is necessary to study the characteristics of arc‐induced cable ignition considering the influence of temperature, which have been rarely addressed in previous studies. In this paper, an experimental platform for alternating current arc generation is established. This platform records and analyses the arc development's morphological characteristics, the voltage and current waveform changes at both electrode ends, and the electrodes' temperature distribution. Moreover, two types of cable insulation materials, i.e. cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with different thickness and temperature, are tested to study the arc‐induced ignition characteristics of cables. By comparing ignition times and combustion intensities within the same time frame, the characteristics of arc‐induced ignition are analysed. It can be concluded that the insulation temperature accelerates the arc‐ignition process significantly. For XLPE, the ignition time under 70°C can be reduced around 11%. Thick XLPE (1.6 mm) can delay the ignition time up to 1.5 times compared with thin one (0.8 mm). PVC exhibits similar behaviour but demonstrates greater resistance to arc‐induced ignition than XLPE.
Drought Disaster Risk Assessment and Zoning in Gansu Province
Authors: Yang Ting , Cheng Yufei , Wang Junde
Published: February 2025

The special geographical location and complex climatic conditions of Gansu Province determine that the problem of drought disasters in Gansu Province will exist for a long time. Assessment and zoning of drought disaster risk is the basis for decision-making of drought risk management, the basic link of disaster prevention and mitigation, and the urgent need for sustainable economic and social development, which has important theoretical significance and application value. In this study, 87 county-level administrative regions in Gansu Province were taken as the evaluation unit, and the typical year method, percentile method, ArcGIS spatial analysis method were used to assess the risk of agricultural drought disaster, the risk of drinking water due to drought and the risk of urban drought disaster, and the drought disaster risk degree was calculated, and then the comprehensive risk of drought in Gansu Province were obtained, and the spatial distribution of drought risk in Gansu Province was analyzed. The research results can provide an important basis for formulating drought and disaster reduction programs, regional disaster prevention and mitigation strategies and plans, and regional economic and social sustainable development plans.
Research on Process Mineralogy of Titanium-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag in Panzhihua-Xichang Area
Authors: Xu Guoyin , Wang Purong
Published: February 2025

Titanium-bearing blast furnace slag is an important resource among the by-products of the steel industry, and the recycling of titanium elements holds significant economic and environmental importance. This study conducts a detailed process mineralogy analysis of Panzhihua-Xichang titanium-bearing blast furnace slag samples, exploring the mineral composition, occurrence state of titanium elements, the dissemination characteristics and particle size distribution of the main titanium-bearing minerals, as well as micro-area composition analysis of titanium elements. The research findings indicate that ilmenite and perovskite are the primary titanium-bearing minerals in the samples, with titanium elements mainly residing in these two minerals. Through analysis of the particle size distribution and degree of liberation, potential pathways for enhancing the recovery rate of titanium elements are proposed, providing a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag.
Research on Environmental Risk Assessment Techniques for Acid Gas Fields in Complex Terrains
Authors: Xu Xuan , Zeng Jia , Tang Chunling , Gong Fangbing
Published: February 2025

Analyzed the current status and difficulties of the environmental risk analysis system, proposed that environmental risk simulation should be conducted from two dimensions: concentration distribution and receptor injury probability analysis, to support the environmental risk management system analysis. Explored the precise assessment of atmospheric environmental risks in the development of acidic gas fields under complex terrain conditions, combined with the toxicity characteristics of hydrogen sulfide, and provided regional and graded emergency management strategies and suggestions.
Impact of Photovoltaic Power Station on Vegetation Carbon Sink in Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Yong , Xu Jing , Zhao Ping
Published: February 2025

Assessing the impact of photovoltaic power plants on carbon sequestration by regional vegetation is crucial for the scientific planning of clean energy initiatives. However, due to the extensive distribution and complex environments surrounding photovoltaic power stations, it is significant challenges that quantifying their impact in Guizhou Province using local field monitoring data, This study focuses on Guizhou Province and its photovoltaic power stations, examining changes in carbon sequestration from 2010 to 2022. By integrating remote sensing interpretation data related to photovoltaic installations, this research quantifies the emission reduction benefits associated with these power plants and determines the proportion of carbon sequestration attributable to vegetation affected by photovoltaic construction within overall emissions reductions. The findings reveal that: (1) The net primary productivity (NPP) across Guizhou Province exhibited an upward trend, with a notable increase observed in the western region while a localized decrease occurred in the eastern part; (2) The influence radius of photovoltaic power stations on vegetation carbon sequestration extends approximately 1500 m; however, over time this range has diminished to around 1000 m; (3) During 2010 to 2022, vegetation carbon sequestration impacted by photovoltaic development accounted for 8.39% per annum of total carbon emission reductions from solar energy generation, with a similar proportion noted for carbon dioxide emissions. By 2022, this percentage had decreased significantly to just 1.42%. This study provide a reference into accurately evaluating the emission reduction benefits conferred by photovoltaic power plants.
A New Type of Cable Duct Channel and Design Method with Composite Support of Gravity Retaining Wall and Premixed Fluid Solidified Soil
Authors: Zhou Zhenhai , Zhou Linkang
Published: February 2025

Laying power cables from 10kV to 220kV in cable protection tubes is currently one of the most widely used and economical construction methods for urban transmission lines. According to the existing technical solutions, the outside of the protection tube is generally backfilled with well-graded medium-coarse sand or encapsulated with reinforced concrete, which not only wastes suitable construction materials but also causes a large amount of soil disposal, which is not conducive to environmental protection and soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on analyzing the practice of applying premixed fluid solidified soil to replace the backfill sand or reinforced concrete encapsulated structural layer outside the discharge pipe for the trench enclosed by a gravity retaining wall in soft soil, the technical scheme of using premixed fluid solidified soil to mention the backfill sand or encapsulated concrete layer is proposed. After the completion of the construction, the premixed fluid solidified soil will form a gate-type hydro mud soil protection structure with a gravity retaining wall to base on guarantee the safety of the power channel; it reduces the disposal of soil, saves building materials, and provides a new program for the green construction of the urban cable line protection pipe channel.
Analysis and Thinking on the Difficulties of Substation Location in Guizhou under the Background of New Energy
Authors: Li Linlin , Li Jiaxing , Bai Shujuan , Chen Huafeng
Published: February 2025

This paper takes the site selection of power supply side substation in Guizhou as an example, analyzes and discusses the characteristics of this kind of substation site selection process, and provides a new idea and way for the site selection of power supply side substation under the background of new energy.
Study on Post-assessment System of Countryside with Distinctive Characteristics in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Li Xiu , Liu Yanlin , Yu Lan
Published: February 2025

To further promote rural revitalization in all respects, Jiangsu Province focuses on advancing the construction of countryside with distinctive characteristics based on local realities. While achieving phasic gains, addressing changes in various data after countryside construction and consolidating the achievements through a sustained and effective management mechanism remain urgent issues. Therefore, establishing a post-assessment system of countryside with distinctive characteristics is necessary. This mechanism is analysed and discussed from conceptual innovation to method innovation in this paper.
An Empirical Study on Win-win Strategies for the Theme Park Sustainable Development and Tourist Satisfaction Based on IPA
Authors: Yin Qifeng , Yang Xingmei , Liu Yanhong
Published: February 2025

As China’s tourism industry enters a new era of high-quality development, the immersive experience becomes a business form full of challenge to keep theme parks’ sustainable development. In order to promote win-win strategies for theme parks and tourists, this paper takes Chengdu Happy Valley as an example to focus on the tourist satisfaction and constructs the evaluation system. Questionnaire survey and IPA analysis method have been used to obtain the immersive experience quality data. Based on SPSS27.0 software, IPA quadrants of Tourists' satisfaction have been analyzed. The results show that four quadrants are formed as relative advantage area, maintenance management area, key improvement area and priority improvement area. Specific suggestions have been put forward to enhance the theme park core competitiveness and tourists' satisfaction, so as to provide references for the sustainable development of theme parks.