bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABOUT THE USING FINE (UNSANDY) CLAYS IN POTTERY OF THE POPULATION FROM THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN THE 10–15 CENTURIES
Authors: В.Н. Бахматова , Н.Г. Набиуллин , Е.Д. Картелян
Published: November 2021

В статье изложены итоги изучения традиций отбора и добычи исходного пластичного сырья, существовавшие в гончарстве населения, изготовлявшего керамику «джукетау». Проведено комплексное изучение технологии керамики этой группы в соответствие с историко-культурным подходом А. А. Бобринского: технико-технологический анализ и эксперимент в форме физического моделирования, а также использованы петрография (OMP) и эмиссионный спектральный анализ (ESA). Выявлена массовая традиция использования в качестве пластичного сырья незапесоченных глин. В округе городища Джукетау были зафиксированы выходы отложений глин серого цвета с высокой пластичностью. Анализ результатов эксперимента, составов проб сырья и керамики показал, что такие глины могли использовать гончары в качестве сырья для изготовления керамики этой группы. Изученные пробы сырья соотносятся с бентонитовыми глинами из верхнетретичных отложений. В результате сопоставления территории распространения этого вида глин в Поволжье и археологических памятников, содержащих керамику «джукетау», поставлен вопрос о зависимости этой гончарной системы от своей сырьевой базы.

The article deals with the results of studies dedicated to the traditions of selection and extraction of clay raw material in the pottery of the population which made Dzhuketau ceramics. A comprehensive study of this group’s pottery in accordance with A. A. Bobrinsy’s historical and cultural approach was conducted which included technical-technological analysis and an experiment in the form of physical modelling, petrography (OMP) and emission spectral analysis (ESA) were also used. A wide-spread tradition of using fine clay (without sand) as plastic raw material was detected. The deposits of grey clay with high plasticity were found around Dzhuketau hillfort. The analysis of experiment results, content of samples of raw material and ceramics demonstrated that such clay could be used by potters as raw material for making ceramics of this group. Samples of raw material studied correspond to bentonite clays from the Upper Tertiary deposits. Through comparison of territories of such type of clays in the Volga region and archaeological sites with Dzhuketau pottery a question was raised about the dependence of this pottery system on such a raw material base.
Additional parallelization of existing MPI programs using SAPFOR
Authors: Катаев Н.А. , Колганов А.С.
Published: November 2021

Системы SAPFOR и DVM были спроектированы и предназначены для упрощения разработки параллельных программ научно-технических расчетов. Главной целью системы SAPFOR является автоматизация процесса отображения последовательных программ на параллельные архитектуры в модели DVMH. В некоторых случаях пользователь системы SAPFOR может рассчитывать на полностью автоматическое распараллеливание, если программа была написана или приведена к потенциально параллельному виду. DVMH модель представляет собой расширение стандартных языков C и Fortran спецификациями параллелизма, которые оформлены в виде директив и не видимы стандартным компиляторам. В статье будет рассмотрено автоматизированное дополнительное распараллеливание существующих MPI-программ с помощью системы SAPFOR, где, в свою очередь, будут использованы новые возможности DVMH модели по распараллеливанию циклов в MPI программе внутри узла. Данный подход позволяет существенно снизить трудоемкость распараллеливания MPI программ на графические ускорители и многоядерные процессоры, сохранив при этом удобство сопровождения уже написанной программы. Данная возможность в системе SAPFOR была реализована для языков Fortran и C. Эффективность данного подхода показана на примере некоторых приложений из пакета NAS Parallel Benchmarks.

The SAPFOR and DVM systems are primarily designed to simplify the development of parallel programs of scientific-technical calculations. SAPFOR is a software development suite that aims to produce a parallel version of a sequential program in a semi-automatic way. The fully automatic parallelization is also possible if the program is well-formed and satisfies certain requirements. SAPFOR uses the DVMH directive-based programming model to expose parallelism in the code. The DVMH model introduces CDVMH and Fortran-DVMH (FDVMH) programming languages which extend the standard C and Fortran languages by parallelism specifications. We present MPI-aware extension of the SAPFOR system that exploits opportunities provided by the new features of the DVMH model to extend existing MPI programs with intra-node parallelism. In that way, our approach reduces the cost of parallel program maintainability and allows an MPI program to utilize accelerators and multicore processors. SAPFOR extension has been implemented for both Fortran and C programming languages. In this paper, we use the NAS Parallel Benchmarks to evaluate the performance of generated programs.
MODELING OF EXTERNAL FRICTION COEFFICIENTS OF OILSEED MATERIAL IN THE EXTRUSION IN THE AUGER PRESS
Authors: Бородянский В.П. , Гукасян А.В. , Косачев В.С. , Кошевой Е.П. , Яковлев Н.А.
Published: November 2021

Исследовано внешнее трение масличного материала процесса экструдирования в шнековом прессе. Использован метод математического моделирования вязкопластичного течения для описания процесса экструдирования. Определены коэффициенты внешнего трения масличного материала процесса экструдирования по каналу В от 0,342 до 0,349 и по корпусу З от 0,384 до 0,377 при частоте вращения шнека NВ от 1,571 до 2,827 Гц соответственно. Установлена необходимость использования теоретически обоснованной модели вязкопластичного течения в канале экструдера. Показана возможность использования этих параметров процесса экструдирования для увеличения пропускной способности загрузочных витков маслоотжимных агрегатов.

The external friction of the oilseed material of the extrusion process in the screw press is investigated. The method of mathematical modeling of viscoplastic flow is used to describe the extrusion process. The coefficients of external friction of the oilseed material of the extrusion process along the channel В from 0,342 to 0,349 and the body Z from 0,384 to 0,377 at the speed of rotation of the screw NВ from 1,571 to 2,827 Hz, respectively. The necessity of using a theoretically grounded model of viscoplastic flow in the extruder channel is established. The possibility of using these parameters of the extrusion process to increase the capacity of the loading coils of oilpumping units is shown.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECIPE FOR GLUTEN-FREE WAFFLE LOAVES FROM A MIX
OF BUCKWHEAT FLOUR AND A FOOD ADDITIVE «KOFEYNAYA»
Authors: КРАСИНА И.Б. , ХАШПАКЯНЦ Б.О. , ФИЛИППОВА Е.В. , КРАСИНА Е.В.
Published: November 2021

Разработана рецептура безглютеновых вафельных хлебцев из нетрадиционного сырья: гречневой муки и пищевой добавкой «Кофейная» в соотношении 1 : 0,3 соответственно. Установлено, что оптимальная дозировка воды для приготовления вафельных хлебцев из смеси, при которой массовая доля влаги в тесте не превышает нормативных значений, должна быть увеличена по сравнению с расчетным значением для контрольного образца, приготовленного по традиционной технологии из пшеничной муки, и составить 150 мл, при этом массовая доля влаги в тесте – 65,20%, а вафельное тесто из смеси гречневой муки и пищевой добавкой «Кофейная» приобретает оптимальную вязкость. Установлено, что среднее значение массовой доли влаги хлебцев из смеси гречневой муки и пищевой добавки «Кофейная» составляет 3,25%, что незначительно выше среднего значения аналогичного показателя контрольного образца. Усредненные показатели щелочности для опытного образца – 2,06 град., для контрольного – 1,92 град. Среднее значение намокаемости разработанных вафельных хлебцев составляет 405,62%, что не ниже, чем у контрольного образца. Анализ физико-химических показателей и органолептическая оценка разработанного изделия показали, что замена пшеничной муки бесклейковинной гречневой мукой и пищевой добавкой «Кофейная» не ухудшает основных показателей качества готового изделия, которое может быть рекомендовано для питания людей, страдающих целиакией.

The formulation for gluten-free waffle loaves from non-traditional raw materials: buckwheat flour and food additive «Kofeynaya» in a ratio of 1 : 0,3 respectively has been developed. The optimal dosage of water for cooking waffle loaves from a mix in which the mass fraction of moisture in the test does not exceed the normative values should be increased in comparison with the design value for a control sample prepared by traditional technology from wheat flour, and to be 150 ml, the mass fraction of moisture in the test – 65,20%, and waffle batter from a mix of buckwheat flour and a food additive «Kofeynaya» becomes an optimum viscosity. It was found that the average value of the mass fraction of moisture of waffle loaves made from a mix of buckwheat flour and the food additive «Kofeynaya» is 3,25%, which is slightly higher than the average value of the same indicator of the control sample. The average alkalinity values for the pilot sample are 2,06 deg., for the control sample – 1,92 deg. The average wetness value of the developed waffle loaves is 405,62%, which is not lower than that of the control sample. Analysis of physical and chemical indicators and organoleptic evaluation of the developed product showed that replacing wheat flour with gluten-free buckwheat flour and the food additive «Kofeynaya» does not worsen the main quality indicators of the finished product, which can be recommended for people suffering from celiac disease.
PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION ON ENTERPRISES OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY OF THE SYSTEM FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Authors: АГЕЕВА Н.В. , КОЧЕТОВ В.К. , ЛИТВИНЕНКО Е.Ю.
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрен опыт внедрения системы менеджмента безопасности пищевой продукции на ОАО Кондитерский комбинат «Кубань». Установлены физические, химические и микробиологические факторы, снижающие безопасность продукции, производимой на ОАО Кондитерский комбинат «Кубань», – мучных кондитерских изделий и продукции цеха шоколадного производства. Перечислены разработанные и внедренные на комбинате пререквизитные программы для предупреждения опасности загрязнения продукции. Установлено, что внедрение превентивных мер позволило: поэтапно сократить количество критических контрольных точек на комбинате с 88 до 4, обеспечить отсутствие рекламации по качеству и безопасности выпускаемой продукции от контролирующих органов, снизить в 2019 г количество претензий от потребителей на 10%. по сравнению с 2018 г.

The experience of implementing the food safety management system at OJSC Kuban Confectionery plant is shown. Physical, chemical and microbiological factors that reduce the safety of products produced at the Kuban Confectionery plant-flour confectionery products and products of the chocolate production workshop, have been established. Preliminary programs developed and implemented at the plant to prevent the risk of contamination of products are listed. It was found that the introduction of preventive measures allowed: to gradually reduce the number of critical control points at the plant from 88 to 4, to ensure that there are no complaints about the quality and safety of products from regulatory authorities, to reduce by 10% in 2019 the number of claims from consumers compared to 2018.
DEPENDENCE OF NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC RELAXATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID SOY LECITHINS ON THE CONTENT OF LIPIDS SHOWING ACIDIC PROPERTIES
Authors: ЛИСОВАЯ Е.В. , ЖАНЕ М.Р. , ВЕЛИКАНОВА Е.В. , ВИКТОРОВА Е.П.
Published: November 2021

Жидкие соевые лецитины вырабатывают в больших объемах, чем лецитины из других растительных масел. Поэтому актуален поиск инструментального способа определения качества жидких соевых лецитинов – кислотного числа (КЧ). Для разработки способа определения КЧ жидких соевых лецитинов на основе импульсного метода ядерного магнитного резонанса (ЯМР) исследовали содержание и влияние на ядерно-магнитные релаксационные характеристики (ЯМ-релаксационные характеристики) жидких соевых лецитинов липидов, проявляющих кислотные свойства. Объектом исследования были две пары образцов жидких соевых лецитинов. Образцы в каждой паре имели одинаковое содержание фосфолипидов и масла при различных значениях КЧ. Исследование ЯМ-релаксационных характеристик протонов жидких соевых лецитинов проводили на ЯМР-анализаторе АМВ-1006М при температуре 23°С. Установлено, что значение КЧ жидких соевых лецитинов не влияет на время релаксации и амплитуду сигналов ЯМР протонов компонент жидких соевых лецитинов, которая изменяется только в зависимости от содержания в лецитине масла и фосфолипидов. Таким образом, необходимо продолжить поиск аналитического параметра, который бы с высокой точностью характеризовал содержание липидов, проявляющих кислотные свойства, в жидких соевых лецитинах и, следовательно, значение их КЧ.

Liquid soy lecithins are produced in larger volumes than lecithins from other vegetable oils. Therefore, the search for an instrumental method for determining the quality of liquid soy lecithins – the acid number (AN) is relevant. To develop a method for determining the AN of liquid soy lecithins based on the pulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the content and effect on the nuclear magnetic relaxation characteristics (NM-relaxation characteristics) of liquid soy lecithins of lipids that exhibit acidic properties were studied. The object of the study was two pairs of samples of liquid soy lecithins. The samples in each pair had the same content of phospholipids and oil at different values of AN. The study of the NM-relaxation characteristics of protons of liquid soy lecithins was performed on an AMV-1006M NMR-analyzer at a temperature of 23°C. It was found that the value AN of liquid soy lecithins does not affect the relaxation time and the amplitude of NMR signals of proton components of liquid soy lecithins, which changes only depending on the content of oil and phospholipids in lecithin. Thus, it is necessary to continue searching for an analytical parameter that would accurately characterize the content of lipids that exhibit acidic properties in liquid soy lecithins and, consequently, the value of their AN.
STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF DRYING BREWER’S SPENT GRAIN
Authors: КОРОТКОВА Т.Г. , ДАНИЛЬЧЕНКО А.С. , ИСТОШИНА Н.Ю.
Published: November 2021

Исследована кинетика сушки сырой пивной дробины – вторичного продукта ООО «Белореченский пивоваренный завод» (Россия, Краснодарский край). Сушка проведена в двух температурных режимах – 60 и 55°С. Скорость сушильного агента при вынужденной конвекции составляла 4,5 м/с. Содержание сухого вещества определено по ГОСТ 31640–2012 в лабораторных условиях и составило 12,9%. Измерение убыли массы при сушке проведено с интервалом 5 мин. Общее время сушки навески пивной дробины в количестве 50 г – 420 мин при режиме 50°С, 360 мин – при 60°С. Среднее значение конечной влажности пивной дробины составило 11,85%. Построены кривые сушки и скорости сушки. Скорость сушки при удалении свободной влаги в первом периоде сушки, мин–1: при 60°С – 3,5, при 55°С – 3,0. Установлено, что содержание связанной влаги составляет в среднем 57% от массы влаги в навеске пивной дробины, свободной влаги – 43%. Анализ структуры навески пивной дробины под микроскопом до сушки и после нее подтвердил факт, что в исследованном материале количество связанной влаги больше, чем свободной. Наличие частиц размером 5–7 мм свидетельствует о значительном количестве клеточной влаги в неразрушенных капиллярах. Дальнейшее совершенствование технологии переработки пивной дробины должно быть направлено на разрушение клеточной структуры материала после его механического обезвоживания.

The kinetics of drying of the crude brewer’s spent grain – a secondary product of LLC «Belorechensky brewery» (Russian Federation, Krasnodarregion) has been studied. Drying is carried out in two temperature modes – 60 and 55°C. The speed of the drying agent under forced convection was 4,5 m/s. The dry matter content was determined according to GOST 31640–2012 in laboratory conditions and was 12,9%. Measurement of mass loss during drying was performed at an interval of 5 min. The total drying time of the brewer’s spent grain sample in the amount of 50 gis 420 min at 50°C, 360 min – at 60°C. The average value of the final moisture content of brewer’s spent grain made up 11,85%. Curves of drying and drying speed are constructed. Drying speed when removing free moisture in the first drying period, min–1: at 60°C – 3,5, at 55°C – 3,0. It was found that the content on average of bound moisture is 57% of the mass of moisture in brewer’s spent grain, free moisture – 43%. Analysis of the structure sample of brewer’s spent grain a microscope before and after drying confirmed the fact that the amount of bound moisture in the studied material is greater than the amount of free moisture. The presence of particles of 5–7 mm in size indicates a significant amount of cellular moisture in undisturbed capillaries. Further improvement of the technology for processing brewer’s spent grain should be aimed at destroying the cellular structure of the material after its mechanical dehydration.
MOLECULAR GENETIC MODIFICATIONS OF κ-CASEIN
Authors: КРУЧИНИН А.Г. , ТУРОВСКАЯ С.Н. , ИЛЛАРИОНОВА Е.Е. , БИГАЕВА А.В.
Published: November 2021

Дан анализ фракционного состава, и приведены основные модели молекулярной структуры мицелл казеина. Казеины являются фосфопротеинами и представляют коллоидный мицеллярный комплекс с фосфатом кальция и небольшим количеством других минералов. Внутренняя молекулярная структура мицелл казеина до конца не изучена, однако многие ученые согласны с моделью строения, в которой гидрофильная С-концевая часть κ -казеина находится на поверхности мицеллы, что обеспечивает стерическое и электростатическое отталкивание и предотвращает агрегацию мицелл. Фракция κ- казеина обладает широким полиморфизмом, однако на сегодняшний день наиболее распространенными являются аллельные варианты А и В, отличающиеся заменой аминокислот Thr157>Ile в аллельном варианте B. Данная генетическая модификация теряет один гликозидный центр, в результате чего повышается сыропригодность молока, но снижается его термоустойчивость. Молоко, несущее аллельный вариант В по гену CSN3, характеризуется более высоким содержанием белка, а аллельный вариант А влияет на увеличение надоев. Исследование взаимосвязи структуры мицелл казеина, полиморфных вариантов генов казеина и технологических свойств позволяет проводить селекцию коров для получения молока с требуемыми технологическими свойствами.

The analysis of the fractional composition and the main models of the molecular structure of casein micelles are given. Being a phosphoprotein, casein is a colloid micellar complex with calcium phosphate and some other minerals. Inner molecule structure of casein’s micelle is not thoroughly studied. However, many scientists acknowledge one formation model, in which hydrophilic C-terminal part of kappa casein occupy micelle’s surface, thus providing steric and electrostatic repulsion and preventing micelles’ aggregation. Kappa casein fraction has a wide polymorphism, but the most common ones are A and B alleles with a distinctive replacement of amino acids Thr157>Ile in B allele. This genetic modification loses one glycoside center, resul- ting in milk’s cheeseability improvement, but also its heat resistance decrease. Moreover, milk with B allele of CSN3 has higher protein content, while A allele influences the increase in milk yield. The study of the relationship between the structure of casein micelles, polymorphic variants of casein genes and technological properties allows for the selection of cows to obtain milk with the required technological properties.
OPTIMIZATION OF INULIN CONTENT IN THE FORMULATION OF SOFT WAFERS ON BASED WHEAT FIBER
Authors: СХАШОК Р.З. , ФИЛИППЕНКО Ю.Н. , ТАРАСЕНКО Н.А.
Published: November 2021

Исследовано влияние инулина, внесенного в рецептуру мягких вафель взамен части сахара, на качество изделий. Раствор инулина Beneo (Orafti) GR вносили в тесто в количестве 3, 5 и 7% к массе муки. Контролем был образец мягких вафель без добавки инулина. Одновременно с инулином во все образцы вносили пшеничные пищевые волокна Камецель FW 200 в количестве 15% к массе муки. На основе исследования физико-химических показателей влажности и плотности тестовых заготовок, а после их выпечки – намокаемости и влажности готовых изделий установлено, что оптимальные показатели качества имел образец мягких вафель с 5-процентным содержанием инулина. По разработанной рецептуре изготовлены мягкие вафли с добавкой пшеничных волокон и установленным количеством инулина. Проведена органолептическая оценка изделий, определено содержание основных пищевых веществ. Установлено, что мягкие вафли, в рецептуру которых внесены пшеничные волокна Камецель FW 200 и инулин Beneo (Orafti) GR, дольше сохраняют свежесть, содержат на 15% меньше жира, на 6% больше белка и на 8% менее калорийны по сравнению с контрольным образцом.

The effect of inulin added to the formulation of soft wafers instead of sugar on the quality of products was studied. Beneo (Orafti) GR inulin solution was added to the dough in an amount of 3, 5 and 7% by weight of flour. A sample of soft wafers without inulin supplementation was a control. Wheat dietary fiber Kametsel FW 200 in an amount of 15% by weight of flour was added simultaneously with inulin to all samples. On the basis on the study of physical and chemical parameters of humidity and density of test blanks, and after baking-wetness and humidity of finished products, it was found that a sample of soft wafers with 5% inulin content had optimal quality indicators. According to the developed recipe, soft wafers with the addition of wheat fibers and a set amount of inulin are made. Organoleptic evaluation of products was carried out, the content of the main food substances was determined. It was found that soft wafers with wheat fiber Kamenzel FW 200 and inulin Beneo (Orafti) GR added to the recipe retain freshness longer, contain 15% less fat, 6% more protein and 8% less calories compared to the control sample.
CHANGE OF THE FRESH MUSHROOM TEXTURE IN THE PROCESS OF REFRIGERATED STORAGE AFTER PROCESSING WITH UV RADIATION
Authors: Кондратенко В.В. , Федянина Н.И. , Карастоянова О.В.
Published: November 2021

Исследовано влияние обработки свежих плодовых тел шампиньонов (Agaricus bisporus) ультрафиолетовым излучением в коротковолновом диапазоне С (100–280 нм) дозами 160, 320, 480, 640, 800 Дж/м2 при плотности потока мощности 2,7 · 103Дж/с · м2 на изменение качественного показателя хранимоспособности – текстуры грибов в процессе холодильного хранения. Хранение упаковок с грибами осуществляли в холодильной камере при t 4–5°С и относительной влажности воздуха 85–90%. Контроль изменения показателя хранимоспособности проводили по истечении 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24 и 27-ми сут. В процессе хранения исследовали динамику изменения текстуры грибов, кг/см2. Установлено, что обработка в диапазоне доз до 418 Дж/м2 приводит к негативному эффекту изменения хранимоспособности и является нецелесообразной. Определено, что обработка УФ излучением в диапазоне доз 418–800 Дж/м2 приводит к увеличению хранимоспособности и достигает своего экстремума при 685 Дж/м2. При экстраполяции результатов экспериментальных данных такая тенденция отмечается, предположительно, до дозы 876 Дж/м2. Получены динамики текстуры в процессе хранения после обработки УФ излучением. Разработано математическое описание зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по показателю текстуры грибов от дозы облучения.

The effect of irradiation of fresh the fruiting bodies of champignons (Agaricus bisporus) with ultraviolet radiation in the short – wave range C (100–280 nm) doses of 160, 320, 480, 640, 800 J/m2at a power flow density of 2,7 · 103 J/s · m2 on the change in the quality indicator of ability to store – the texture of mushrooms during cold storage was studied. Packages with mushrooms were stored in a refrigerator at t 4–5°C and relative humidity 85–90%. Monitoring of changes of ability to store was carried after 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24 and 27 days. During storage, studied the dynamics of changes in the texture of mushrooms, kg/cm2. It was found that irradiation in the dose range up to 418 J/m2 leads to a negative effect of changes of ability to store and is impractical. It was determined that ultraviolet radiation in the dose range of 418– 800 J/m2leads to an increase of ability to store and reaches extreme at 685 J/m2. When extrapolating the results of experimental data, such a tendency is presumably observed up to a dose of 876 J/m2. The dynamics of the texture obtained during storage after processing with ultraviolet radiation. A mathematical description of the dependence of the maximum storage capacity in terms of the texture of mushrooms on the radiation dose is developed.
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECIPE FOR A SALAD OF HIGH NUTRITIONAL VALUE, ENRICHED WITH FLAXSEED OIL
Authors: ЩЕТИЛИНА И.П. , САДЫКОВА Д.И. , ПИСКЛЮКОВА Ю.Н. , ШАРОЯН И.А.
Published: November 2021

В рационе населения России наблюдается постоянный дефицит полиненасыщенных жирных w-3 кислот – a-линолевой и эйкозапентаеновой, что обусловливает поиск биологически активных добавок для обогащения продуктов и блюд. В качестве такой добавки для салата использовали льняное масло, содержащее значительное количество ПНЖК. Разработана рецептура салата повышенной пищевой ценности. Исследованы органолептические показатели, определена пищевая ценность, рассчитан интегральный скор обогащенного льняным маслом салата в сравнении с салатом, приготовленным по исходной рецептуре. Установлено, что внесение в рецептуру салата 5 г льняного масла повышает его калорийность на 14,8% по сравнению с салатом, приготовленным по исходной рецептуре. При употреблении 1 порции обогащенного салата (~ 160 г) потребность в ПНЖК удовлетворяется на 50% от суточной нормы, в растительных жирах – на 34,4%. Сравнение органолептических оценок и профилограмм обогащенного льняным маслом салата и салата, приготовленного по исходной рецептуре, показало, что при внесении 5 г льняного масла дефекты органолептических показателей блюда отсутствуют. Однако при увеличении количества вносимого льняного масла свыше 5–7 г появляется ярко выраженный линоленовый привкус и «рыбный» запах; салат приобретает темный окрас. Продукт, приготовленный по разработанной рецептуре, может быть использован в профилактическом питании и для сбалансированных диет, направленных на покрытие дефицита ω-3 кислот.

A constant shortage of polyunsaturated fatty ω-3 acids – α-linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids is observed in the diet of the Russian population, which leads to the search for biologically active additives to enrich products and dishes. Flaxseed oil, which contains a significant amount of PUFA, was used as such an additive for salad. The recipe for a salad of increased nutritional value has been developed. The organoleptic parameters were investigated, the nutritional value was determined, and the integral score was calculated for the salad enriched with linseed oil in comparison with the salad prepared according to the original recipe. It was found that adding 5 g of flaxseed oil to the salad recipe increases its caloric content by 14,8% compared to the salad prepared according to the original recipe. When eating 1 serving of fortified salad, the need for PUFA is met by 50% of the daily of the norm, in vegetable fats – by 34,4%. A comparison of organoleptic ratings and profilograms of a salad enriched with linseed oil and a salad prepared according to the original recipe showed that when adding 5 g of linseed oil, there are no defects in the organoleptic parameters of the dish. However, with an increase in the amount of linseed oil applied over 5–7 g, a pronounced linolenic taste and a «fishy» smell appear, the salad becomes dark in color. The product prepared according to the developed recipe can be used in preventive nutrition and for balanced diets aimed at covering the deficiency of ω-3 acids.
Animal-Visitor Interactions: Effects, Experiences, and Welfare
Authors: Fernandez Eduardo J. , Chiew Samantha J.
Published: November 2021

Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVI) within zoos and aquariums have become an increasingly studied topic. Influenced by both the broader field of Human-Animal Interactions (HAI), as well as visitor studies conducted in museums, AVI studies can be separated into two areas of focus: (1) Visitor effects, or the impact visitors have on the animals housed within a zoo, and (2) visitor experiences, or the impact zoo animals and visiting a zoo have on the visitors. Historically, visitor effects have been of primary concern to the study of AVIs, as have the potential negative impacts on the welfare of animals, particularly those of zoo primates. This special issue examines the impact of AVIs in greater detail through twelve recent papers on the topic, equally addressing visitor effects and experiences. Many of the papers focus on positive welfare indices, as well as less traditional measures to examine both visitor effects and experiences, such as visitor proximity and visitor interviews. In addition, we discuss the relevance of future AVI work, with particular attention to (a) increased interest in visitor experience research, (b) examinations of signage effects, and (c) continued focus on positive welfare indices and direct interactions, such as public feedings.
Behavioral Responses of Captive Corvids to the Presence of Visitors
Authors: Wascher Claudia A.F. , Baur Niklas , Hengl Marietta , Köck Carina , Pegger Teresa , Schindlbauer Julia , Wemer Laura
Published: November 2021

Behavioral responses of captive animals to the presence of visitors in zoos and wildlife parks can be interpreted as signs of negative (disturbance), neutral or positive (enrichment) welfare. In the present study, we investigated behavioral responses of captive common ravens, Corvus corax and crows, Corvus corone, to the presence of visitors in general and to the proximity or distance of visitors to the aviary respectively. Duration of affiliative behaviors, feeding and stress-related behaviors did not change when visitors were present compared to control situations without visitors being present. Both corvid species showed less head up behavior when visitors were in sight compared to the control condition. In contrast, preening of crows significantly increased when visitors were within two meters of the aviary compared to the control condition. The same relationship was found in regard to increase in vocalization for common ravens, but not for crows. Our results indicate that corvids, housed in a wildlife park for several years, still show behavioral responses to the presence of human visitors in close proximity to their enclosure. Overall, we did not find clear indications for reduced welfare due to visitor presence, such as increased locomotion or stress-related behaviors. We therefore conclude that the described behavioral changes are not indicative of any negative welfare impacts of visitor presence.
AN OVERVIEW OF AZOLLA IN RICE PRODUCTION: A REVIEW
Authors: Adhikari Kripa , Bhandari Sudip , Acharya Subash
Published: November 2021

Azolla is a free-floating water fern which in symbiotic association with cyanobacterium Anabaena azollaefixes the atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen fixing ability of cyanobacterialsymbiont varies between 30 and 60 kg N ha−1 which designates Azolla as an important biological nitrogen source for rice ecosystem. Inoculation of Azolla is an alternative and sustainable source of nitrogen to increase the rice productivity and it also can decrease the use of synthetic fertilizer. A number of past researches prove that Azolla has been used as apotential biofertilizer for rice production. Azolla is either incorporated in the soil before rice transplanting or grown as a dual crop along with rice. The objective of this paper is to provide a brief account of importance as well as developments in the utilization of Azolla-Anabaena system in agriculture, mainly rice production.
HOME GARDEN, ALONG WITH ITS FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY AND KEY SPECIES REPORTED IN NEPAL: A REVIEW
Authors: Adhikari Janak
Published: November 2021

Home gardening is performed from an ancient period in Nepalese societies. More than 74.5% of the population of the country is involved in an agriculture-based profession in Nepal. Home gardens include the versatile species of trees, vegetables, annual and perennial vegetables, birds and animals, medicinal herb plants on the same land units in a geometric or dimensional proportion. this paper focuses on the presentation of home garden status and present scenario and its interlinkages with home garden. Though sufficient work on home garden has been done but still focus on self-sufficiency and their role in food security has not been reported. The home garden species was found to be of great importance as they play a vital role in conservation of key species.
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN MAIZE PRODUCTION – A REVIEW
Authors: Bhandari MK , Regmi NR , Sahani H , Sherpa P , Panthi B
Published: November 2021

Maize is one of the main staple crops of Nepalese diet grown throughout the country during summer season as single crop or relayed with millet. This short review article analyses the previous works & studies on impact of INM in maize production. Long-time research which was conducted in different areas has shown that in addition to natural resources deterioration, abiotic-biotic stress, deficiency of several macro & micro nutrients is also an essential factor which influences yield reduction, productivity declination, and shrinkage in net profit. Therefore, Integrated use of chemical and organic fertilizer on yield and yield attributes component of maize is very crucial for assurance of food security & food self-sufficiency. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients. The integrated use of major plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash) along with different organic carbon sources (animal manures and plant residues) together with bio-fertilizers (beneficial microbes) significantly improves maize growth, yield and yield components together with grower’s income.
CURRY LEAF: A REVIEW
Authors: Bhusal Dipika , Thakur Dhirendra Pratap
Published: November 2021

Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) is native to South Asia famous among various cuisines for its flavor and aroma. Herbal drugs being relatively low cost with minimal side effects are used extensively in treating various diseases since ages. Curry Leaf occupies a huge space in traditional Ayurveda medicine. Small deciduous shrub with every part of medicinal properties and nutrition makes it a potential future industrial crop. Literatures suggest the antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal activity of Murraya koenigii especially in leaf, stem, bark, and oil. The whole plant is used as tonic and stomachic properties. The aim of the present study is to review classification, origin, morphological characters, traditional use of curry leaf around the globe.
EFFECT OF DROUGHT & IRRIGATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ON YIELD & YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERISTIC OF BREAD WHEAT-A REVIEW
Authors: Bhandari Radhakrishna , Gnawali Samir , Nyaupane Shivalal , Kharel Shiva , Poudel Muktiram , Panth Prabin
Published: November 2021

Wheat is one in all the most necessary cereal crops of the world having multiple uses of its own. However, its production is severely restricted by drought up to 60% reduction in the yield. The production of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS), Degradation of photosynthetic apparatus, thereby reducing the photosynthetic Carbon metabolism, declining net CO2 assimilation rate (NAR) & ultimately reducing dry matter accumulation is the cause & effect of reduced mean yield under drought condition. Lack of breeding for drought adaptive traits is leading to low productivity of wheat of 2.85t/ha in Nepal. Climate change leading to global warming & Drought is the major threat to most of agricultural crops grown in tropical & subtropical areas including wheat that causes significant losses by altering the physiological, biochemical & morphological traits of wheat genotypes. It is very important for us to adapt our genotypes to drought stress environment for better nutritional & dietary security of mankind. It is very challenging task for researchers to develop such drought tolerant high yielding variety, more research are needed. Scientists have been working for drought adaptive traits to minimize loss caused by drought to maintain high productivity & production to achieve the goal of zero hunger & malnutrition.
EFFECT OF ABIOTIC STRESS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW
Authors: Dhakal Anjana , Adhikari Chanda , Manandhar Deepika , Bhattarai Samikshya , Shrestha Sony
Published: November 2021

Wheat is the staple food in the Nepalese diet, and it is grown in most part of the country during the winter seasons. This brief analysis article discusses previous research and studies on the effect of abiotic stress on wheat. Different abiotic stresses induce a number of changes in plant metabolism, and several of these changes in plant in response to different abiotic stresses overlap. stress –induced metabolic changes cause crop growth to be impaired, resulting in low yield. Abiotic stresses are also an important factor that affects yield reduction, productivity decline, and net profit shrinkage according to long term research conducted by various researchers in various location .As a result abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, acidity, water logging and heat most be effectively addressed through management practices such as tillage and planting choices, residue management, sowing time, stress resistance cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to preserve natural resources while minimizing the negative effects and ensuring long term wheat output.
Penjadwalan Produksi Job shop Mesin Majemuk Menggunakan Algoritma Non Delay untuk Meminimalkan Makespan
Authors: Wahyudi Adhie Tri , Wicaksana Bagus Ismail Adhi , Andriani Maresta
Published: November 2021

Scheduling is an important factor in both manufacturing and service industry environments. Scheduling is a resource allocation arrangement for completing tasks that involve work, resources and time. With the scheduling, all work can be completed according to priority and can minimize processing time, so that makespan is minimal. In addition, it can reduce idle machines and reduce the inventory of semi-finished goods. Maryati Small Micro and Medium Enterprises (IKM) is a business that is engaged in the manufacture of clothing that produces various types of products such as baby clothes, teenage clothes to adults. So far, IKM Maryati is in the process of machine scheduling by determining the order of Job execution based on the longest to shortest total Job processing time. Scheduling with this method creates problems for the company, as evidenced by the accumulation of semi-finished goods at several work-stations. Another problem is when orders arrive at a certain period with a large variety and number of products, causing Job completion that exceeds the target time (due-date). The size of the makespan causes the production time to increase, so the company is late to start production of orders in the following month. In this study, the Non-delay algorithm is used to solve the problems that arise in IKM Maryati. The result obtained is the scheduling using the existing method by IKM Maryati which produces 44 days makespan value. Meanwhile, by applying the Non-delay compound engine algorithm, it produces a makespan of 42 days. This shows that the compound machine Non-delay Algorithm method can minimize the makespan value in IKM Maryati. There is an efficiency of 4.55% in both time and cost variables.
Giving Voice to School Nursing as a Primary Health Care Specialty
Authors:   , Alcorn Gillian D
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this thesis is to give voice to school nursing as a primary health care specialty, and to promote the development of school nursing in New Zealand. School nursing is an invisible practice specialty that is largely funded from within the education sector, to address the health needs of student clients. School nursing is a significant primary health care initiative that can positively influence student health outcomes. My school nursing practice experience and philosophy is presented prior to reflecting upon the history of school nursing, and the health concerns present within the student population. The work then moves to review and critique school nursing literature from New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This thesis highlights the need for collaborative policy and practice development initiatives including a legislative requirement for school nurses, school nursing competencies and standards, school nurse to student ratios, postgraduate training, professional liaison, practice funding, and research. A discourse on the reflective topical autobiographical method introduces autobiographical poetry from school nursing practice and reflective inquiry, as the central research endeavour of this thesis. Autobiographical poetry is offered as a window to this specialty practice, and accompanying reflections allow access to a further layer of practice knowledge. Student health needs, the scope of nursing intewentions, and the essences of school nursing practice have been distilled from the poetry. Poetic representation and subsequent reflection has facilitated the development of a school nursing framework for use within the New Zealand context, entitled Health Mediation in School Nursing. School nursing is presented throughout this thesis as an important child and adolescent primary health care initiative, which has the potential to reduce health barriers to learning, improve student health outcomes, and build student success in the social, emotional, and educational domains.
Empowerment: What can Nurse Leaders Do to Encourage an Empowering Environment for Nurses Working in the Mental Health Area?
Authors:   , Casey Heather
Published: November 2021

Nurses, as the majority of the mental health workforce have a valuable contribution to make at a policy development level. The 1998 report from the Ministerial Taskforce on Nursing supports this statement but also indicates that there is a general reluctance by nurses to participate in policy development. For nurses to have control over their practice they need to have input into policy development. Nurses having control over their practice has been linked to nursing empowerment. Therefore the question explored in this research project is: What can nurse leaders do to encourage an empowering environment for nurses working in the mental health area? The literature reviewed for this project includes empowerment, power, the history of nursing in relation to women's role in society, oppression and resistance, and literature on Critical Social Theory as the underlying theoretical and philosophical position which informs the research process. In order to answer the research question a single focus group was used to gather data from a group of registered nurses practising in mental health. Focus groups as a data collection method produce data and insights that would be less accessible without the interaction found in the group. The key themes to emerge from the data analysis were; power is an important component of empowerment and power relationships; and at a systems level, professional, organisational, and political influences impact on feelings of empowerment and/or disempowerment. These key themes are discussed in relation to the literature and the broader social and cultural context of the mental health care environment. The contribution this research makes to nursing includes a list of recommendations for nurse leaders who aim to provide an empowering environment for nurses practising in mental health.
Humanitarian, International Nursing and the New Zealand and Recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal 1920-1999
Authors:   , Caughley Jill
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the history of the Florence Nightingale Medal and in particular its New Zealand recipients. New Zealand nurses have, over many years, contributed to international nursing by providing service during conflicts and disasters. Several have worked with the Red Cross and, of these nurses, twenty-two have been awarded its highest honour, the Florence Nightingale Medal. This thesis related the history of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and its place in humanitarian and international nursing. It traces New Zealand nursing's involvement in this, and offers a history of the New Zealand recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal, 1920-1999. The personal and professional stories of five New Zealand nurses who were awarded the medal between 1969 and 1999 were gathered through oral history interviews. Their stories are used to consider in more detail the motivations and experiences of nurses who work in these circumstances, and the way in which humanitarian nursing practice and Red Cross principles shaped and challenged their practice. The thesis therefore documents the work of five New Zealand nurses who have demonstrated exceptional courage, dedication, and commitment to humanitarian causes and international nursing practice. As an exploratory and descriptive study which has drawn on both historical and contemporary sources of information, it raises awareness about the Red Cross and its nurses, humanitarian nursing practice in particular, and international nursing in general.
Evolution of the North Horowhenua Coastal Depositional System in Response to Late Pleistocene Sea Level Changes
Authors:   , Hughes Glenn Richard
Published: November 2021

The convergent tectonic setting of New Zealand has lead to the development of a series of anticlines and troughs resulting from folding and faulting of basement greywacke in southwest North Island. The most extensive of these is the Kairanga Trough spreading from the Horowhenua to the Manawatu, which lies between the uplifting Tararua Range and subsiding South Wanganui Basin. This trough was a major depocentre for fluvial and shallow marine strata during the Quaternary. By utilising a 280m deep borehole from the Kairanga Trough, this thesis investigates how climate and sea level variations affected sedimentation in the north Horowhenua District.   This borehole has recorded a near continuous record of climate and sea level change for the last 340ka. The lower part of the core is a marine sequence representing progressive infilling of the Kairanga Trough during 5th order (c.100ka) glacioeustatic fluctuations, which consequently produced 4 marine cyclothems. Transgressions and subsequent highstand periods are represented by shallow marine sediment, which were followed by fluvial aggradation during lowstand periods, then marine planation during subsequent transgressions. Cycle 1 developed during OIS 9 (340-300ka). Cycles 2 and 3 both formed during OIS 7 as a result of two closely spaced highstands centred around 245ka (OIS 7c) and 200ka (OIS 7a), which were separated by a period of lower sea level around 225ka (OIS 7b) that produced a disconformity. Cycle 4 formed during the Last Interglacial transgression (OIS 5e) and represents an incised valley fill. Progradation of a coastal strandplain and alluvial plain representing the latter stages of infilling of the Kairanga Trough with coastal and terrigenous sediment during the mid to late Last Interglacial and Glacial Periods is recorded in the sediment composing the top part of the borehole.