bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conhecimento prévio e construção do conhecimento entomológico por estudantes de graduação indígenas e camponeses da região centro-oeste do Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Cristiano Ramos , Benites Walkiria Aparecida , Pedro Marildo da Silva , Monfort Gislaine Carolina , Lima Jean Carlos dos Santos , Gisloti Laura Jane
Published: May 2024

Resumo: Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes indígenas e camponeses (n = 53) do primeiro ano do curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo em uma universidade pública do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Examinamos, por meio de questionários estruturados com perguntas abertas, fechadas e de múltipla escolha, o conhecimento prévio e as formas de construção do conhecimento entomológico. Como resultado, encontramos 24 tipos de animais citados como insetos. Os indígenas conceituam insetos com base em conceitos ecológicos e os camponeses com base em aspectos de saúde e emocionais. Descobrimos que o conhecimento entomológico prévio desses estudantes foi criado dentro do núcleo familiar, no caso dos indígenas, e na escola, no caso dos camponeses. Esta pesquisa traz informações legítimas sobre o conhecimento prévio e a construção do conhecimento entomológico, numa perspectiva intercultural, a fim de promover uma reflexão sobre o diálogo entre tradições, conhecimento popular e científico.
Introdução aos buracos negros e sua termodinâmica
Authors: Felipe Bruno S. , de Oliveira Jeferson
Published: May 2024

Os buracos negros estão entre os objetos mais estranhos e curiosos previstos pela teoria da Relatividade Geral. Eles correspondem a regiões do espaço-tempo delimitadas por uma fronteira chamada de horizonte de eventos que se atravessada, torna coordenadas do tipo-tempo em coordenadas do tipo-espaço e vice-versa. Neste artigo, faremos uma revisão das principais características dos buracos negros, tendo como público-alvo estudantes e professores de graduação em física e ciências exatas. Utilizando uma abordagem que acompanha o desenvolvimento histórico desses conceitos, mostraremos que esses objetos fascinantes podem se tornar relativamente simples ao considerar uma analogia entre seus parâmetros mecânicos e variáveis termodinâmicas. Com uma breve explicação do efeito Hawking, demonstraremos a conexão entre os buracos negros e os sistemas termodinâmicos, apresentando ao final o clássico resultado da evaporação dos buracos negros.
ESG disclosure and pay-performance sensitivity
Authors: Grodt Jonas Adriel dos Santos , Degenhart Larissa , Magro Cristian Baú Dal , Ávila Lucas Veiga , Piccinin Yvelise Giacomello
Published: May 2024

Abstract This research aims to investigate the moderating effect of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure on the sensitivity of executive pay to market performance (pay-performance sensitivity - PPS) in Brazilian companies listed in the B3 IBrX-100 index. It also investigates the factors that influence PPS in order to seek explanations for the effect of ESG disclosure on PPS and to identify which theoretical perspective (agency theory, stakeholder theory, or the good governance view) can support the results found for Brazilian companies. It highlights the importance of monitoring ESG disclosure in the Brazilian capital market, as well as helping to understand whether or not ESG disclosure contributes to the extraction of shareholder income by executives, and provides insights for new research to be conducted considering ESG disclosure. The results have implications for understanding the principal-agent relationship and for understanding ESG disclosure in conflict mitigation when used by companies to improve PPS. A total of 81 companies were analyzed between 2016 and 2021. The method used for the main analyses was the ordinary least squares regression model (with robust standard errors), while quantile regression was used for the robustness analysis. The results indicate that ESG disclosure maximizes the sensitivity of executive pay to market performance. This study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on PPS and identifying which theoretical perspective supports the results found in the Brazilian context. It also contributes to organizations by showing that ESG investments can mitigate agency problems and by revealing the importance of ESG implementation for firms, given the evidence of a positive impact on PPS. It contributes to society by encouraging organizations to invest in ESG issues.
The influence of CEO narcissistic personality traits on the indebtedness of B3 companies
Authors: Oliveira Ana Paula da Silva de , Garcia Inajá Allane Santos
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of CEO narcissistic personality traits on the indebtedness of Brazilian non-financial companies listed on the B3. Other research on narcissistic traits has focused on their impact on the profitability of organizations. Thus, this study aims to fill the gap in understanding the impact of CEO narcissistic traits on companies' debt decisions and their determinants by including a psychological characteristic. This research is relevant because it helps academics, business professionals and policymakers to identify patterns and trends that could warn of possible financial crises. The impact of this article is related to the evidence on the effects of hiring narcissistic CEOs on indebtedness, since understanding the interaction between the CEO's profile and the company's financial decisions can provide practical guidelines for risk management and informed decision making, thus contributing to the field of business strategy and corporate finance. A sample of 299 non-financial companies was analyzed from 2011 to 2020, using data from the Economática database, annual reports, integrated reports, sustainability reports and management reports. Two proxies were used to measure narcissistic personality traits, based on the CEO's signature and the prominence of his or her photo. Indebtedness was measured by the following indicators: onerous, total, short-term and long-term debt. The results show that the greater the narcissistic traits of the CEOs, the greater the indebtedness of the organizations. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence companies' financial decisions, since identifying the factors that lead to risky debt decisions can enable the implementation of preventive measures and more effective risk management strategies.
EDUCATIONAL BOOKLET FOR PREVENTING TRANSPHOBIC BULLYING AT SCHOOL
Authors: Ramalho Marclineide Nóbrega de Andrade , Santos Zailde Carvalho dos , Silva Izabel Cristina Brito da , Pereira Danilo Martins Roque , Espíndola Mariana Mercês Mesquita , Araújo Ednaldo Cavalcante de
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of developing, validating and assessing an educational booklet to prevent transphobic bullying at school. Method: this is a methodological study, carried out from February to December 2022 at a public school in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The educational booklet was developed in accordance with the methodological trajectory proposed by Echer, and submitted to content validity and semantic assessment by expert judges and Elementary School II teachers, respectively. In data analysis, content validity and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were used, in addition to semantic agreement index. Results: the educational booklet had its content validated with a validity coefficient of 0.981 and an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of 0.833 for the set of items in the assessment instrument. In semantic assessment, teachers considered the booklet understandable, with a minimum agreement level of 94%. Conclusion: the booklet developed was considered valid by judges, to be used with teachers, individually and in continuing education or health actions, in order to contribute to preventing transphobic bullying at school.
SWOT at family and community medicine residency in São Paulo state
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas Gaspar , Cyrino Eliana Goldfabr , Pazin-Filho Antônio
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction: Medical residency is the gold standard for training in Family and Community Medicine. In the last decade there has been a significant increase in vacancies without evaluating quality of the programs. Objective: To observe and qualify the perception of the residency preceptors in this area. Methodology: Application of a quali-quantitative questionnaire in the state of São Paulo, with descriptive statistical analysis and use of the SWOT matrix associated with the Donabedian Triad based on Content Analysis of the interviewees. Results: The sample consisted of 64 preceptors in 27 programs, with a median age of 37 years, consisting of 52% women. The most prevalent distribution is 2 residents per preceptor and 67% also work with undergraduate students. Of the sample, 56.7% have medical residency and 13.4% have degrees, in addition to 82% courses in preceptorship. The qualitative analysis indicates training in preceptorship and the increase in specialists as relevant points, but there is still difficulty with the organization of services and low support from municipal management. Conclusion: Although there are preceptors with adequate training, it is still necessary to increase their number considering the disproportionate increase in the number of vacancies to the installed capacity. Improvement of structural conditions and greater support from municipalities will be necessary, according to the perception of preceptors in family and community medicine.
Percepção de alunos ingressantes de Medicina sobre o aprendizado durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Dourado-Maranhão Ramiro , Cunha Mariana
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Introdução: No ano de 2019, com o surgimento pandemia pelo coronavírus, o mundo teve que se adaptar e utilizar medidas de distanciamento social visando ao controle da disseminação do vírus. Um dos setores que sofreram maior impacto com essas medidas foi a educação que precisou se adaptar ao ensino remoto emergencial. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a percepção dos alunos de um curso de Medicina sobre o próprio aprendizado durante o período da pandemia pela Covid-19. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa. O referencial teórico foi o interacionismo simbólico. O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição de ensino superior privada do Distrito Federal. Participaram do estudo 14 alunos do terceiro ano da graduação em Medicina de turmas que tiveram a oportunidade de cursar períodos da graduação por meio do ensino remoto emergencial. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista gravada, na modalidade grupo focal, e analisados por meio da análise temática indutiva. Respeitaram-se todos os conceitos éticos da Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resultado: A análise dos discursos resultou em três categorias temáticas que exploram a percepção dos estudantes sobre o aprendizado. A primeira categoria, “Vivendo como se fosse em um balão de ensaio”, aborda as mudanças vivenciadas pelos alunos no ingresso na faculdade, com sentimentos de medo, insegurança e falta de motivação devido ao estresse da pandemia. A segunda categoria, “Sentindo-se isolados e desolados”, observou a percepção do adoecimento mental e a falta de apoio dos colegas, dos professores e da instituição, influenciando no desempenho e aprendizado dos alunos. A terceira categoria, “Lidando com erros e acertos”, identificou a percepção dos resultados do aprendizado durante e após a pandemia, destacando o impacto no déficit de conhecimento e a necessidade de adaptação no retorno ao ensino presencial. Conclusão: O ensino remoto emergencial trouxe drásticas mudanças no ensino médico. Entender essas mudanças e compreender a percepção dos alunos sobre o aprendizado nesse período nos permite reconhecer os desafios enfrentados, entender a necessidade de suporte emocional adequado e pensar em estratégias de aprendizado eficazes para superar essas e outras adversidades.
Visual scanning of social stimuli in preterm and autism spectrum disorder children
Authors: Lederman Vivian Renne Gerber , Goulart Ana Lucia , Negrão Juliana Gioia , Schwartzman José Salomão
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the pattern of eye-gaze of preterm (PT), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (Ty) children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with eight preterm (born with ≤2000 g weight), nine ASD and five Ty male children, between six and nine years old, was performed. The eye gaze was evaluated presenting a board with a couple in social interaction, and a video with four children playing with blocks, projected in a screen computer, successively, evaluating the time that the children looked at each stimulus. Results: Although all the groups focus on the central social figure with no significant differences, ASD presented significant differences in time fixation of the objects (p=0.021), while premature children fixated more time in the central social interaction than in the whole scene than typical children. Conclusions: Although this study found noteworthy differences in the eye-gaze patterns among the three groups, additional research with a more extensive participant pool is necessary to validate these preliminary results.
Transição para diálise peritoneal: não importa de onde
Authors: Francisco Diogo , Carnevale Andreia , Ávila Gonçalo , Calça Ana Rita , Matias Patrícia , Branco Patrícia
Published: May 2024

Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal (DRET) frequentemente mudam de modalidade de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) por razões médicas ou sociais. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar desfechos de pacientes em diálise peritoneal (DP) segundo a modalidade anterior de TRS. Métodos: Realizamos estudo retrospectivo observacional unicêntrico, em pacientes prevalentes em DP, de 1º de janeiro de 2010 a 31 de dezembro de 2017, acompanhados por 60 meses ou até saírem de DP. Pacientes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a TRS anterior: hemodiálise prévia (HD), transplante renal malsucedido (TR) e DP como primeira opção (PD-first). Resultados: Entre 152 pacientes, 115 eram PD-first, 22 transitaram da HD e 15 de TR malsucedido. Houve tendência à maior ocorrência de falência de ultrafiltração em pacientes em transição da HD (27,3% vs. 9,6% vs. 6,7%; p = 0,07). A função renal residual foi melhor preservada no grupo sem TRS prévia (p < 0,001). Observou-se tendência à maior taxa anual de peritonite no grupo TR prévio (0,70 peritonite/ano por paciente vs. 0,10 vs. 0,21; p = 0,065). Treze pacientes (8,6%) tiveram um evento cardiovascular maior, cinco dos quais haviam sido transferidos de um TR malsucedido (p = 0,004). Não houve diferenças entre PD-first, TR prévio e HD prévia em termos de óbito e sobrevida da técnica (p = 0,195 e p = 0,917, respectivamente) e a eficácia da DP foi adequada em todos os grupos. Conclusões: A DP é uma opção adequada para pacientes com DRET, independentemente da TRS anterior, e deve ser oferecida aos pacientes de acordo com seu status clínico e social e suas preferências.
Pediatric hypertension as an early manifestation of cardiovascular disease in children
Authors: Koch Vera Hermina Kalika , Furusawa Erika Arai
Published: May 2024

In adults, cardiovascular events associated with arterial hypertension (AH) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. In light of recent findings, AH in children has been interpreted as early cardiovascular disease (CVD), while exposure to CV risk factors in children proves to be a predictor of subclinical CVD in adults. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association has recently updated the classifications for measuring blood pressure (BP) in adults and children. Primary AH in children is generally asymptomatic, and it is associated with a family history of AH, overweight/obesity, and normal morphofunctional characteristics of the urinary system. The younger the child and the higher the BP, the greater the likelihood of secondary AH. The investigation into the etiology of AH begins with a detailed anamnesis, which should include clinical information and details on the use of medication, smoking, and alcohol consumption from the perinatal period to the time of consultation. Modifying risk factors by reducing weight, decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing vegetable intake from childhood to adulthood has been associated with the resolution of AH in the childhood-adulthood transition, and with the reversal of cardiometabolic adverse effects in non-obese adult individuals. Pharmacological therapy should be initiated in cases of symptomatic AH, AH secondary to chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus, presence of target organ lesions, stage 2 AH with no modifiable cause and resistant AH unresponsive to lifestyle changes.
Hipertensão arterial pediátrica como manifestação precoce de doença cardiovascular na criança
Authors: Koch Vera Hermina Kalika , Furusawa Erika Arai
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Em adultos, eventos cardiovasculares associados à hipertensão arterial (HA) apresentam grande repercussão na morbimortalidade. À luz dos novos conhecimentos, a HA na criança tem sido interpretada como doença cardiovascular (DCV) precoce, enquanto a exposição da criança aos fatores de risco CV revela-se preditora de DCV subclínica em adultos. As classificações da medida de pressão arterial (PA) no adulto e na faixa pediátrica foram recentemente atualizadas pelo American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. A HA primária na criança é em geral assintomática, e se associa com história familiar de HA, sobrepeso/obesidade e normalidade morfofuncional do sistema urinário. Quanto mais jovem a criança e mais elevada a PA, maior a chance de se tratar de HA secundário. A investigação da etiologia da HA inicia-se com anamnese detalhada, que deve incluir informações clínicas e de utilização de medicamentos, fumo e álcool, desde o período perinatal até o momento da consulta. A modificação de fatores de risco, com redução do peso, redução do consumo de álcool e aumento do consumo de vegetais, entre a infância e a idade adulta, mostrou associação com a resolução da HA na transição infância-idade adulta e com a reversão dos efeitos adversos cardiometabólicos nos indivíduos adultos não obesos. A terapêutica farmacológica deve ser iniciada para casos de HA sintomática, HA secundária a doença renal crônica ou a diabetes mellitus, presença de lesões de órgão alvo, HA estágio 2 sem causa modificável e HA persistente não responsiva à mudança de estilo de vida.
Psychic distress, drug use and work
Authors: Schlindwein Vanderléia de Lurdes Dal Castel , Lopes Fábio José Orsini , Silva Fernando Henrique Melo , José Félix-Junior Itamar
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction: policies aimed at use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs in recent years have shown their limitations in responding to the healthcare needs of workers who use and/or abuse alcohol and other drugs to alleviate the adverse effects from hostile work-related mechanisms. Objective: to articulate approaches that gather a theoretical-conceptual set that adequately addresses complex and multi-causal topics, such as the relation between psychological distress and work, with the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs as their main element. Results: scientific evidence points out to the relation between neoliberal labor market changes, moral and ethical violence in the professional environment and negative effects on workers’ physical and mental health. Studies argue about the need to break with the logic of subjectivist functionalism on the topic of work-related use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. Conclusion: political strategies aimed at psychological suffering resulting from the use/abuse of alcohol and other drugs must go beyond practices solely focused on abstinence and include the interface between integrative theoretical contributions and harm reduction while considering the interaction between suffering and subjects’ defenses, work and environment.
Dramatic changes in the confluence morphology drived by an extreme hydrologic pulse: impacts to River Doce restoration
Authors: Marciano Alexandre Germano , Assireu Arcilan Trevenzoli , Azevedo Samara Calçado de , Silva Benedito Cláudio da , Abreu Adriana Tropia de , Nalini Júnior Hermínio Arias
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT On January 2022, the Carmo River (a tributary of the Doce River) was affected by an extreme hydrological event, with 50-yr return interval. This event was 50% higher than that associated to one of the largest tailing dam failures ever reported that took place in the Gualaxo do Norte River. This delivered to Doce River, through the Carmo River, in a Y-shaped confluence, the contaminated tailing slurry. In order to understand the role of tributaries in the recovery of the Doce River, 2D hydrodynamic and 2D sediment transport models were applied at the confluence of the Carmo River with the Piranga River. Our results, based on hydraulic modeling, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements, indicated that significant amounts of sediments were trapped on the riverbanks and stone banks, making this confluence an important site for the retention of contaminated sediments, influencing sediment budgets and downstream water quality. Therefore, this confluence deserves special attention from water engineering in order to prevent the sediments retained in this area from being transported downstream during extreme events in the coming years. These results can contribute to decision-making, to identify reaches with greater susceptibility to erosion and sediment deposition and to plan the restoration of these rivers.
Exploring professional theories, models, and frameworks for justice-oriented constructs: a scoping review
Authors: Taff Steven D. , Clifton Maribeth , Smith Cristina Reyes , Lipsey Kim , Hoyt Catherine R.
Published: May 2024

Abstract Introduction The role of systemic marginalization in negatively impacting the health and wellbeing of individuals and populations is well-established. Although the profession has begun to address the impact of colonialism in clinical and educational contexts, these topics are less represented in the underpinning theories, models, and frameworks that guide research, practice, and education. Objective To identify and analyze peer-reviewed journal articles about professional theories, models, and frameworks describing justice-oriented constructs. Method We searched for journal articles published between 1971 and 2021 as indexed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. We used the Levac et al. methodology and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews extension (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI Scoping Review Network. Included articles featured theories, models, frameworks that described justice-oriented constructs. Results Forty-five articles published from 1987 to 2021 met inclusion criteria. These included 19 models, 19 frameworks, five theories, and two paradigms. The majority of articles originated in Canada, the United States, and Australia and within the past 20 years. The most commonly described constructs were inclusion, culture, and occupational justice. Conclusion This scoping review provides an overview of publications describing theories, models, and frameworks in occupational therapy literature that include justice-oriented constructs. Although justice-oriented constructs were the central topic in 35 articles, the context was not explicitly connected to professional activity. Only seven articles discussed research, which reveals a major concern considering its foundational role in the profession.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE VALOR PARA OS STAKEHOLDERS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE PODER E IMPORTÂNCIA ESTRATÉGICA NA BOLSA DE VALORES DE TORONTO
Authors: Araujo Mauricio Mendonça de , Jhunior Ronaldo de Oliveira Santos , Uchoa Mariana Torres , Boaventura João Mauricio Gama
Published: May 2024

RESUMO Os diferentes grupos de stakeholders e seus aspectos de influência na alocação de valor vêm ganhando crescente demanda por parte das organizações e da academia. Na literatura recente de stakeholders, há um desenvolvimento teórico sobre distribuição de valor considerando atributos de importância estratégica e poder; no entanto, a literatura ainda carece de estudos empíricos para analisar e compreender a relação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a associação entre poder e importância estratégica dos stakeholders e a distribuição de valor a eles por empresas de capital aberto na Bolsa de Valores de Toronto (TSX). Para obter as informações relevantes sobre o tratamento dado pelas empresas aos seus stakeholders, analisamos o conteúdo de 104 prospectos para o processo de IPO da TSX de 2008 a 2019. Os resultados revelaram que o poder e a importância estratégica são relevantes para a distribuição de valor aos stakeholders e que a importância estratégica dos stakeholders tem uma influência mais significativa quando comparada ao seu poder. Quanto às contribuições, o nosso estudo avança debates anteriores na literatura de stakeholders em termos teóricos e práticos.
Vigilância epidemiológica: breve histórico e a experiência dos Estados Unidos e do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Barata Rita Barradas
Published: May 2024

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi elencar alguns aspectos históricos da vigilância epidemiológica, modelo tecnológico de intervenção inicialmente desenhado para auxiliar no controle das doenças transmissíveis, no último século. Métodos Narrativa construída a partir de textos selecionados, para registrar o desenvolvimento da vigilância epidemiológica nos Estados Unidos e no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados São apresentadas as origens de algumas das ações componentes do repertório da vigilância epidemiológica, e uma breve história da construção do originalmente nomeado Center for Disease Control, agência dos Estados Unidos exemplar na forma como se faz vigilância em praticamente todo o mundo. Do mesmo modo, são delineados os caminhos que levaram à organização do sistema de vigilância no estado de São Paulo, traçando alguns paralelos com o sistema brasileiro. Conclusão A narrativa é concluída com uma diferenciação conceitual entre vigilância epidemiológica, monitoramento e vigilância em saúde.
TIA NASTÁCIA, DE MONTEIRO LOBATO: ENTRE O PROTAGONISMO E O APAGAMENTO CULTURAL
Authors: Silva Telma Borges da , Lima Maria da Penha Brandim de
Published: May 2024

Em Histórias da Tia Nastácia (2018), a personagem do título é a contadora de histórias da tradição popular e folclórica brasileiras. Neste trabalho discute-se a desqualificação de tia Nastácia no processo de silenciamento de sua voz, uma representante coletiva dos negros e de sua cultura ancestral. Michel Foucault (2013), e Eni Orlandi (2007)  apresentam os sentidos do silêncio trabalhando a forma de sua existência e sua significação, as quais se constroem em situações específicas, que definem o modo de significar, delineadas na cena enunciativa (Maingueneau, 2015, 2008). Monteiro Lobato concede a Tia Nastácia, em tese, a possibilidade de uma espécie de protagonismo como narradora de histórias tradicionais, mas, ao mesmo tempo, faz com que a voz da boneca de pano humanizada o anule, sendo o nome da personagem exemplar desse silenciamento. Para esta análise, propomos o estudo da Cena Enunciativa como elemento fundamental em uma análise discursiva, além de indicações de cunho lexical na caracterização das personagens, pois ao  confrontar os significados de seus nomes, observa-se a construção de uma alegoria de discurso colonial sobre o Brasil e sua formação histórico-cultural, silenciadora de vozes outras, como a de Tia Nastácia.
EFFECT OF AN INWARD-FACING BAFFLE ON LAMINAR FORCED CONVECTION HEATING ALONG A CYLINDRICAL HORIZONTAL PIPE FOR DIFFERENT NANOFLUIDS
Authors: Horimek Abderrahmane , Oueld-M'barek Aicha , Sadeddine Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Improving heat exchange intensity is a major goal in the heat exchanger industry. The use of baffles is one of the techniques employed to achieve this goal. In this numerical work, the effect of an inward-facing baffle placed on the wall of a cylindrical horizontal pipe is treated for the case of nanofluid. A sequential analysis is offered to better understand the different effects and their consequences, particularly on the average exchange rate, in addition to somewhat filling the gap identified in the literature for the case of nanofluid with various shapes of the baffle. The study, divided into three parts, begins for 10 ≤ Re ≤ 250 with the case of pipe without baffle, where the water-based nanofluid effect is treated. Three types of nanoparticles (Cu, Al2O3, and TiO3) at volume concentration 0 ≤ φ ≤ 10% are considered. An insulated primary pipe is placed to ensure dynamic establishment at the entrance to the heating pipe assumed to be under imposed temperature. The results showed the clear effects of modifying the kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity on the dynamic and thermal lengths, respectively, with the addition of nanoparticles compared to the base fluid. Correlations are proposed for their determination. A heat exchange rate that improves as the volume concentration increases is recorded, particularly for nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity. In the second part, a rectangular baffle is assumed in the heated pipe, where the effects of its position, length and width are analyzed respectively. The results showed a greater interest in placing the baffle close to the entrance, especially if it is longer. In the last part of the work, three other shapes of the baffle are proposed (trapezoidal, triangular, and elliptical). The results confirm that the non-smooth shape of the baffle creates more disturbances in the dynamic and thermal fields, and therefore a greater improvement in the heat exchange rate. For the last two parts, the nanofluid effect remains similar to that recorded for pipe without baffle.
Ecocide: The ‘Forgotten’ Legacy of Nuremberg
Authors: Adigun Muyiwa
Published: May 2024

The criminalisation of ecocide as an international crime has been a perennial issue, and some misgivings have been expressed over the idea. It has been contended that criminalising ecocide is antithetical to economic development and that the destruction of the ecosystem is not amenable to the scrutiny of the criminal justice system. In examining the viability of this argument, the article adopts a historical approach. It finds that ecocide is indeed one of the legacies of Nuremberg but was suppressed by powerful state interests. A lot of groundwork has already been laid which makes the criminalisation of ecocide feasible. The study argues that ecocide can be punished as genocide, war crime, crime against humanity, aggression, or a distinct crime.
At the Beginning of the Formation and Development of Legal Education at Baikal State University (to the 30th Anniversary of Legal Education at BSU)
Authors: Ignatenko Victor , Gribunov Oleg
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the history and traditions of legal education in Baikal State University from the time of the Institute of National Economy (1990) to the present day. It makes a disclosure on the contribution to the training of lawyer-founders of legal science development at the University: doctors of legal sciences, professors G.S. Gaverov, V.I. Shikanov, V.A. Semeusov, V.Y. Rybalskaya. The transformation of university law schools under the guidance of leading university law scientists is shown. The contribution of the university to the training of highly qualified specialists of lawyers — candidates and doctors of legal sciences is presented. It reveals priority directions of research work of legal departments, conditioned by the need to improve legislation in a changing economy, development of forms and methods of combating crime. The scale of publishing activity of representatives of law faculties is shown. It characterizes scientific-representative events, where new ideas of legal science were born and the eff orts of not only scientists in various branches of legal science, but also law enforcement officials — representatives of legislative, judicial and law enforcement authorities were consolidated, as well as representatives of business structures. Today, the university still plays an important role in the discussion and solution of the most conceptual, key tasks of scientific and applied nature for Russia and its regions, which allows to take into account the challenges of modern scientific and technical development in the training of future lawyers.
Some Tactical Features of the Search in the Investigation of Terrorist and Extremist Crimes
Authors: Kryazhev Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the search in criminal cases of the crimes of terrorist and extremist orientation. The preparatory and working stages of the investigative action are considered, taking into account the need to implement tactical search techniques. When investigating of terrorist and extremist crimes, a search is an unsafe investigative action for its participants, and because of this, recommendations have been developed aimed at suppressing possible threats from persons involved in the committing of crimes. It is noted that these persons may not only attempt on the life and health of the participants of the investigative action, but also provide other counteraction to the search. The importance of participation in the search actions of specialists, as well as their use of technical and forensic means, is determined. Recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of the search in tactical forensic terms are proposed. It is concluded that it is necessary to plan a search and carefully prepare for it in order to achieve search goals in the detection and investigation of terrorist and extremist crimes.
Countering Environmental Offenses in the Context of Ensuring Criminological Security in the Field of Nature Protection
Authors: Kravchenko Irina
Published: May 2024

The article deals with the issue of ensuring criminological security in the field of nature protection in terms of organizing counteraction to environmental offenses. The scientific discussion about the existing scientific approaches to the definition of the structural content of the concept of «environmental offenses» is reflected. The range of actions within the framework of this study, related to the specified concept, is indicated. The state of the fight against environmental offenses for the period from 2018 to 2022 is characterized. Some trends in the implementation of counteraction to environmental offenses at the present stage are revealed. The responsibility of legal entities for committing environmental offenses is recognized as a unique feature of the research area. The effectiveness of the execution of a fine as one of the main measures of administrative punishment for environmental offenses is considered. It is concluded that the practice of executing a third of the imposed fines for environmental offenses, taking into account their small size, is a measure that does not correspond to the public danger of these acts.
To the Question of a Need for a Complex Approach to Researching Terrorism and Extremism with the Purpose of Ensuring National Security
Authors: Kryazhev Vladimir
Published: May 2024

The author uses a complex approach to research crimes of terrorism and extremism. Scholars who study the spread of radicalism, separatism, nationalism and other negative social phenomena both in the Russian Federation and in the world pay considerable attention to researching terrorist and extremist activities of different groups of population, who are mostly represented by illegitimate organizations or communities. The author studies the measures of counteracting crimes of terrorist and extremist nature according to the best practices of other countries. The causes of the spread of terrorism and extremism in their new quality are analyzed. The link between common crime and radical youth groups is traced. The author pays special attention to the spread of extremist ideology, which is a breeding ground for terrorism. The author also establishes a correlation between ideologists and followers of radical movements while taking into consideration their social status, financial situation and educational level. The article presents valid conclusions on the measures of counteracting crimes of terrorism and extremism, which are based on the idea that the research community should use a complex approach to researching this type of crime involving sociological, criminal law, criminalistic and other methods and means.
Topical Issues of Regulating Some Criminal Law Norms on the Protection of Minors in the Context of Criminal Policy
Authors: Koryagina Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The author states that, among other tasks included in the “Strategy of National Security of the Russian Federation until 2025”, special attention is paid to the upbringing of children and young adults, to family support and promotion of “responsible parenting”, which reflects traditional family values in the upbringing of the new generation. Theses clauses are also included in the “Basics of State Youth Policy of the Russian Federation until 2025”. The author notes the trend for the consolidation of youth and criminal policy that is aimed, on the one hand, at ensuring common tasks of protecting the interests of young people and their security and, on the other hand, at counteracting the criminalization of the youth environment, the organization of crime prevention, especially for its vulnerable part — minors. The basis of criminal policy is the lawmaking and law enforcement activities of the state. The author notes that criminal policy shows an instability of legislation in the criminal law block and the corresponding law enforcement activity, which is especially evident in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Constituent elements of crimes added to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2022 are analyzed in terms of strengthening criminal liability for crimes against minors. The author stresses that not all ideas discussed in the research community were implemented into law. It is believed that, on the one hand, the elimination of drawbacks connected with strengthening criminal liability for crimes against minors will help improve the available means of criminal law protection of children and adolescents, and, on the other, it will increase the degree of the criminal law protection of the interests of minors.
Financial and Payment Means as Property Objects in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Zelenskaya Tatyana
Published: May 2024

The author researches the objects of the concept “means” in criminal proceedings. Issues of applying the measures of procedural coercion are analyzed. The author pays attention to the problematic issues of law enforcement regarding property objects while taking into consideration the specifics of their civil circulation, in particular, the seizure of property represented by cash and non-cash money, certified and uncertified securities. The author concludes that the distinctive features of certified and uncertified securities pose grounds for the application of different rules of seizure of property under Art. 115 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The author also analyzes objects of digital law and determines the possibility of using provisional measures against them in criminal proceedings. Seizure of electronic money is examined in detail. It is concluded that questions connected with the digital ruble could be resolved for the provisional and protective measures in criminal proceedings, but only if this currency is transferred from the digital form to the traditional form of a monetary unit. Finally, the author notes that the concept of “property” in criminal proceedings is in need of some constructive legal changes.
Specific Features of the Participation of Non-Government Forensic Experts in Criminal Court Proceedings
Authors: Lukoshkina Svetlana
Published: May 2024

The author analyzes the importance of using special knowledge, including the format of expert examination, in modern criminal court proceedings. At present, alongside forensic experts affiliated with government expert bureaus or units, there exists a system of non-government private experts who offer expert services on a commercial basis. An analysis of current legislation regulating the work of non-government forensic experts makes it possible to conclude that the regulation is insufficient. It is stated that at present the law lacks the norms regulating the legal status, liability and authority of a non-government forensic expert, as well as the requirements to such specialists. This situation gives rise to the problem of assessing the verdicts of non-government experts in criminal proceedings, of the access of experts to the criminal case materials, and the proof of their competence and special knowledge. The author concludes that this problem should be discussed and some changes should be introduced in the current legislation. The author also describes the stages of appointing the examination and its procedure; the correctness of sending case materials, research materials to a corresponding expert institution; the familiarization of authorized persons with the abovementioned resolution; the distribution of work and the explanation of liability to the expert; the performance of the examination based on certain research methodology and the use of special knowledge from the spheres of science, technology, arts or crafts; the formulation of the verdict. Posing questions that should correspond to a number of requirements before the expert is analyzed; the competence of the expert for conducting research is determined.
Main Directions and the Research Potential of Criminal Law Sciences in Baikal State University
Authors: Smirnova Irina , Foygel Elena
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the state of criminal law science in Baikal State University, as an interim result of the development and growth of law education at this University in the previous 30 years. The anniversary makes it necessary to turn to the background of the formation of a major scientific school within the University, as well as to assess both the prospects and the key vector of its further development. It is stressed that the scientific work of the lecturers from the Chair of Criminal Law and Criminology, Chair of Criminal Procedure and Prosecutorial Supervision, Chair of Criminalistics, Forensic Examination and Legal Psychology is aimed, in the strategic sense, at solving the urgent problems in the spheres of criminology, support of criminal proceedings, solving and investigating crimes, execution of punishments both in Russia as a whole and in our region in particular, on the basis of research and the implementation of obtained results.
Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Fe­deration on the Guarantees of Protecting the Attorney-Client Privilege
Authors: Smolkova Iraida , Volosova Nonna
Published: May 2024

The authors analyze the theoretical and practical problems of protecting the attorney-client privilege in criminal proceedings in light of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The analysis of investigatory practice shows that violations of the attorney-client privilege are now quite a commonplace phenomenon. One of the ways of violating the attorney-client privilege widely used by the bodies of preliminary investigation is calling the attorney for interrogation, sometimes even using compelled attendance, and further interrogation. The position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is that the attorney, the defense lawyer for the suspect, or for the accused or the person who received legal assistance, can only be interrogated under certain conditions stated in Art. 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Although the Constitutional Court provided quite clear guidance multiple times, some law enforcers often ignore them thus violating the rights of not only the attorneys, but also their clients and trustees. The current criminal procedure law does not provide a mechanism of protecting attorney’s work and the associated attorney-client privilege, which would exclude ungrounded calls for interrogation and interrogations of attorneys. The authors present suggestions on improving this law aimed at ensuring the protection of the attorney-client privilege.
Deferred Expenses: Problematic Aspects and Prospects for the Convergence of Accounting in the Public and Private Sectors of the Economy
Authors: Arbatskaya Tatyana , Putyrskaya Yana
Published: May 2024

Currently, in both the private and public sectors of the economy, one of the debatable objects of accounting, along with deferred income, are deferred expenses. The article analyzes the requirements of regulatory legal acts and the viewpoints of various economists regarding the accounting object of deferred expenses, as well as the grounds for their occurrence. The authors’ opinions regarding deferred expenses are opposed diametrically. Some authors believe that deferred expenses should not exist in national accounting practice, others consider their use acceptable in a number of cases. As a result, of the study, it was concluded that in connection with the entry into force of new federal accounting standards, the list of cases for reflecting deferred expenses in the private sector of the economy has significantly narrowed. At the same time, in the public sector organizations there are much more grounds for qualifying objects as deferred expenses. As a result, of the study, differences were revealed in the emergence and formation of accounting information when reflecting certain types of expenses — for non-exclusive rights to software, expenses for paying vacation pay, expenses for voluntary medical insurance. At the same time, in the private sector, only expenses for licensed software are recognized as deferred expenses and only until the entry into force of FSBU 14/2022 «Intangible Assets». It is recommended to develop a unified methodological approach to accounting for deferred expenses both in commercial and public sector organizations.
Forecasting the Future Value of a Colombian Investment Fund with LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM)
Authors: Becerra Muriel Cristian
Published: May 2024

Recurrent neural networks are a tool that is currently used in time series, a widespread use of these networks is the forecasting of future prices in financial time series. One widely used recurrent neural network model is the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model, proposed by Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber in their paper called LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY published in 1997. This model solves the long term memory problem of recurrent neural networks by adding a selective memory cell which acts as a "filter" to choose what kind of information is important to keep and what kind of information is irrelevant and can be discarded.
This paper seeks to analyze whether the original LSTM model is relevant to forecast the price of a Colombian mutual fund without taking into account exogenous variables (economic news, macroeconomic and microeconomic variables, underlying assets such as stocks, options, bonds, etc.) that affect its behavior.
In this study, three funds with a majority composition of shares in the Colombian market were taken, which have higher volatility levels than public or private bonds.