bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on spiritual leadership: antecedents, mechanism, moderators and outcomes
Authors: Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Iqbal Qaisar
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to offer evidence-based knowledge of the most popular research topics in studies on spiritual leadership (SL) and the research approaches and theories in use. Another aim is to create a comprehensive research framework covering the antecedents and outcomes of SL, as well as the underlying mechanisms and conditional factors. This study also synthesizes future research avenues presented in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a systematic literature review method. The presented analysis covered both bibliometric studies and in-depth manual content analysis. In total, 274 articles indexed in the Scopus database were analyzed, with a particular focus on 126 empirical papers.

Findings

This study shows that most of the research took place in developing countries and focused on the links between SL and workplace spirituality, employee well-being and engagement. It provides a complex research framework which orders previous variables according to their levels. Future research is required that would use a multilevel research approach and determine the impact of SL on society and the leaders themselves, as well as determining the reverse impact of organizational performance on the development of SL.

Originality/value

This study takes advantages of both bibliometric and in-depth content analysis to expand the understanding of the state of the art in SL research. It demonstrates how different factors contribute to SL and how they subsequently influence outcomes. It also offers numerous future research directions which go beyond those identified so far in the literature to further develop the theory of SL.
Sensitivity to agricultural inputs and dispersal limitation determine the response of arable plants to time since transition to organic farming
Authors: Carrié Romain , Smith Henrik G. , Ekroos Johan
Published: April 2024

Transitioning to low‐input agricultural systems such as organic farming has been acknowledged as a way to mitigate negative effects of agriculture on biodiversity. However, the speed, magnitude and context dependence of biodiversity recovery after converting to organic farming remain uncertain. In this study, we explored the response of plant communities to time since transition to organic farming in a variety of production contexts.

Using a spatially replicated space‐for‐time substitution design, we surveyed plant communities in small‐grain cereal and ley fields in conventional and organic farms, distributed along independent gradients of time since transition to organic farming and proportion of seminatural grasslands in the landscapes. We selected a set of response traits to explore the mechanism of potential time lag in that response to conversion. These traits were selected to characterize the sensitivity of plant species to agricultural inputs and their ability to respond swiftly to environmental changes.

We found an increase in plant species richness and evenness in cereal fields with increasing time since transition to organic farming, and a similar but less pronounced pattern in leys. After 30 years of continuous organic farming, organic cereal fields harboured more than twice the number of plant species than newly converted fields. Importantly, we found that the dependence on insect pollination, sensitivity to herbicides and dispersal capacity of plants modulated the effects of time since transition on plant communities in cereal fields. This suggests that both management and biotic interactions shape plant community structure in response to organic practices over time.

Policy implications. Our study highlights that benefits of organic farming for plant diversity are likely to take decades to become substantial after conversion. We found this slow recovery of plant communities to be driven by both the gradual improvement of habitat quality after conversion and species' dispersal limitation. Assessments of biodiversity benefits of organic farming should therefore consider this time delay to avoid underestimating its environmental performance. Farmers should also be supported during this ecological transitional phase during which yield‐enhancing ecosystem services reliant on plant diversity might build up.
Heritability of walnut seed size and the benefits of large seeds
Authors: Tamura Noriko
Published: April 2024

Japanese walnuts (Juglans mandshurica) are known to be seed‐dispersed by the hoarding of two species of rodents, Japanese squirrels (Sciurus lis) and large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus). The previous study showed that the squirrel transported and stored larger walnut seeds farther, whereas the mice transported smaller seeds farther. Divergent selection by different seed dispersers may play an important role in differentiation between local walnut populations, in which understanding seed size heritability is crucial. This study aims to determine how the seed size selected by rodents affects the initial growth of walnuts and to what extent walnut seed size is genetically determined. Sixty walnut seeds were collected from a small seed‐producing tree, and 50 walnut seeds from a large seed‐producing tree were sown and grown for 18 years. The seed size produced from each tree showed that the heritability of seed size was high (h2 = 0.52). When 50 smaller and 50 larger walnut seeds were planted under the same conditions, the dry weight of shoots and roots of the larger seeds was significantly greater than that of the smaller seeds, and root length was also significantly longer in the larger seeds. Seed size is heritable, so if squirrels are inhabiting, larger seeds, which are advantageous for regeneration, will be selected, and walnut trees producing larger seeds will be passed on to the next generation. Because selective hoarding has implications for seed establishment success, inhabiting a suitable seed disperser, the squirrel, is more critical for walnut regeneration than previously assumed.
Real‐time object‐removal tampering localization in surveillance videos by employing YOLO‐V8
Authors: Sandhya  , Kashyap Abhishek
Published: April 2024

Videos are considered as most trustworthy means of communication in the present digital era. The advancement in multimedia technology has made video content sharing and manipulation very easy. Hence, the video authenticity is a challenging task for the research community. Video forensics refer to uncovering the forgery traces. The detection of spatiotemporal object‐removal forgery in surveillance videos is crucial for judicial forensics, as the presence of objects in the video has significant information as legal evidence. The author proposes a passive max–median averaging motion residual algorithm for revealing the forgery traces, successfully giving visible object‐removal traces followed by a deep learning approach, YOLO‐V8, for forged region localization. YOLO‐V8 is the latest deep learning model, which has a wide scope for real‐time application. The proposed method utilizes YOLO‐V8 for object‐removal forgery in surveillance videos. The network is trained on the SYSU‐OBJFORG dataset for object‐removal forged region localization in videos. The fine‐tuned YOLO‐V8 successfully classifies and localizes the object‐removal tampered region with an F1‐score of 0.99 and a precision of 0.99. The observed high confidence score of the bounding box around the forged region makes the model reliable. This fine‐tuned YOLO‐V8 would be a better choice in real‐time applications as it solves the complex object‐based forgery detection in videos. The performance of the proposed system is far better than the existing deep learning approach.
Between the hammer and the anvil: An unusual power hammer fatality
Authors: Sivulič Richard , Janík Martin , Hejna Petr , Kocan Ivan , Straka Ľubomír
Published: April 2024

Power hammers are mechanised forging devices that constitute a pivotal part of steel manufacturing. Power hammer‐associated injuries are a rare occurrence. We report a noteworthy case of a 52‐year‐old man who sustained a high‐energy penetrating injury while working with a power (counterblow) hammer. The man used a sizable disc‐shaped metallic object to dislodge the forging wedged in the machine by applying the force of the striking ram on it. On impact, the object ejected and struck the man in the right lateral portion of the chest. The autopsy disclosed extensive damage to the thoracic and abdominal organs. The cause of death was opined to be exsanguination due to penetrating trauma of the heart and transection of the descending aorta. The investigation confirmed a breach of safety regulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first power (counterblow) hammer‐related fatality in medico‐legal literature.
Methionine biosynthetic genes and methionine sulfoxide reductase A are required for Rhizoctonia solaniAG1‐IA to cause sheath blight disease in rice
Authors: Das Joyati , Ghosh Srayan , Tyagi Kriti , Sahoo Debashis , Jha Gopaljee
Published: April 2024

Rhizoctonia solani is a polyphagous necrotrophic fungal pathogen that causes sheath blight disease in rice. It deploys effector molecules as well as carbohydrate‐active enzymes and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species for killing host tissues. Understanding R. solani ability to sustain growth under an oxidative‐stress‐enriched environment is important for developing disease control strategies. Here, we demonstrate that R. solani upregulates methionine biosynthetic genes, including Rs_MET13 during infection in rice, and double‐stranded RNA‐mediated silencing of these genes impairs the pathogen's ability to cause disease. Exogenous treatment with methionine restores the disease‐causing ability of Rs_MET13‐silenced R. solani and facilitates its growth on 10 mM H2O2‐containing minimal‐media. Notably, the Rs_MsrA gene that encodes methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an antioxidant enzyme involved in the repair of oxidative damage of methionine, is upregulated upon H2O2 treatment and also during infection in rice. Rs_MsrA‐silenced R. solani is unable to cause disease, suggesting that it is important for the repair of oxidative damage in methionine during host colonization. We propose that spray‐induced gene silencing of Rs_MsrA and designing of antagonistic molecules that block MsrA activity can be exploited as a drug target for effective control of sheath blight disease in rice.
Outpatient hysteroscopy: Suitable for all? A retrospective cohort study of safety, success and acceptability in Australia
Authors: Nash Rebecca , Saidi Samir
Published: April 2024

Background

In Australia, gynaecologists continue to assess and investigate abnormal uterine bleeding with inpatient hysteroscopy despite evidence validating outpatient hysteroscopy services.

Aim

This retrospective cohort study assessed the safety, success and acceptability of office hysteroscopy in a gynae‐oncology rapid‐access clinic over six years in Sydney, Australia, and included all women without an age or body mass index (BMI) cut‐off using a ‘see and treat’ concept.

Methods

A database was created and analysed retrospectively for patients who attended office hysteroscopy service between January 2016 and March 2021 (63 months, 481 eligible). An anonymous modified PAT‐32 patient satisfaction questionnaire was also offered to an initial cohort after their procedure to gauge insightful feedback about acceptability.

Results

A total of 92% of patients had successful outpatient hysteroscopic access; 24% of cases required hysteroscopy under general anaesthesia (GA) despite pathology in over 50% of cases; 68% of the total were able to be managed with outpatient hysteroscopy and did not require a follow‐up GA hysteroscopy. This paper is also the first of its kind to our knowledge to incorporate patients >65 years, those with a BMI >35 and those with a history of cervical stenosis. This study suggests that age and BMI do not impact the success rate of the procedure.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that outpatient hysteroscopy is an acceptable, safe procedure that is well tolerated by patients. Considering our rapid‐access hysteroscopy service allowed 68% of the patient cohort to avoid hysteroscopy under GA, we estimate conservatively ~$63 million per year in Australia could be saved by performing office hysteroscopies.
Effect of anti‐VEGF on retinal blood flow in diabetic mice using laser speckle flowgraphy
Authors: Su Zheng Zhe Steven , Ang Bryan Chin Hou , Balne Praveen Kumar , Tun Sai Bo Bo , Htoon Hla Myint , Schmetterer Leopold , Barathi Veluchamy Amutha , Agrawal Rupesh
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To assess intra‐ (repeatability) and inter‐observer (reproducibility) variability of laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) for retinal blood flow (RBF) measurement in 20 eyes of wild type (C57BL/6J) mice and effect of intravitreal Aflibercept on RBF in optic nerve head (ONH) region of 10 eyes of Ins2 (Akita) diabetic mice.

Methods

‘Mean blur rate (MBR)’ was measured for all quadrants of tissue area (MT), vessel (MV) and total area (MA) of ONH region. Changes in MT were analysed at each timepoint. Repeatability was evaluated by measuring MBR variability without changing mouse head position, and reproducibility after resetting mouse head position by another operator. Coefficient of repeatability (CR) through Bland–Altman plot method coefficient of variation (COV) and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Intravitreal Aflibercept (1 μg) was administered to Akita eyes and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a tonometer at baseline, day 7, 14, 21 and 28 post‐injection. Hurvich and Tsai's criterion was used.

Results

Coefficient of repeatability values of repeatability and reproducibility for all quadrants were within limits of agreement. Reliability was excellent (ICC 0.98–0.99) and reproducibility was moderate to excellent (ICC 0.64–0.96). There was a non‐significant IOP increase in all Akita eyes at Day 28 (p > 0.05), and significant increase in MT in all quadrants at Day 21 and superior, inferior and temporal quadrants at Day 28 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Laser speckle flowgraphy demonstrates excellent repeatability and moderate to excellent reproducibility in measuring RBF. Intravitreal Aflibercept injection results in a significant increase in MT up to 28 days post‐injection without significant increase in IOP.
ST2 and IL‐33 polymorphisms and the development of childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study in Finnish children
Authors: Teräsjärvi Johanna T. , Toivonen Laura , Mertsola Jussi , Peltola Ville , He Qiushui
Published: April 2024

The ST2/IL‐33 signaling pathway has an important role in the host inflammatory response. Here we aimed to study the association of ST2 and IL‐33 polymorphisms with serum soluble (s) ST2 and IL‐33 concentrations in healthy Finnish children and, in addition, their association with childhood asthma. In total, 146 children were followed from birth to the age 7 years for the development of asthma. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ST2 and IL‐33 were determined, and associations of the SNP variants with serum levels of sST2 and IL‐33 at age of 13 months and with recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma at 7 years of age were analyzed. Children with ST2 rs1041973 AC/AA genotypes had significantly lower level of serum sST2 (2453 pg/mL; IQR 2265) than those with CC genotype (5437 pg/mL; IQR 2575; p = < 0.0001). Similar difference was also observed with ST2 rs13408661. No differences were observed between subjects with studied IL‐33 SNPs. Children who carried genetic variants of ST2 rs1041973 or rs13408661 seemed to have a higher risk of asthma. In contrast, children who carried genetic variants of IL‐33 rs12551268 were less often diagnosed with asthma. Even though these SNPs seemed to associate with asthma, the differences were not statistically significant.
Intimate partner violence in the time of COVID‐19: An investigation into housing density and number of rooms as contributing factors
Authors: Song Ahyoung , Yoon Yoewon
Published: April 2024

COVID‐19 lockdowns have resulted in significant societal disruptions, intensifying family stress and escalating instances of intimate partner violence (IPV). Lockdowns necessitated prolonged proximity to abusers, magnifying home's significance as a space of victimization. The current study conducted in Korea (n = 813) examined the impact of housing density and room count on COVID‐19‐related IPV. Analyzing data from Seongnam City, Korea, the study examined a couple of pre‐/postpandemic, factors covariates like gender, age, employment, education, and income. Using STATA 13.0, the study conducted multiple logistic regression to examine the association between housing conditions and IPV during and prior to COVID‐19, with all covariates included. Housing density was associated with emotional IPV victimization before COVID‐19, while the number of rooms was associated with physical and sexual IPV victimization before COVID‐19 and sexual IPV victimization after COVID‐19. Time spent with partners was significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization, and the association between the number of rooms and sexual IPV victimization remained significant after adjusting for COVID‐19‐related variables. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed to address this issue and protect vulnerable populations from harm. Although poor housing conditions have been linked to increased stress levels and comprised mental health, scant attention has been paid to those relationships.
The representation of indigenous children in policies in Indonesia
Authors: Azzasyofia Mira , Fouche Christa , Beddoe Liz
Published: April 2024

According to the Indonesian Child Protection Law, Number 35/2014, the group of children that should receive special protection are minorities and isolated children; this includes Indigenous children who mostly live in remote areas. Under this law, Indigenous children gain special protection, including facilities to share their cultural practices, practice their beliefs, and use their language. This article aimed to describe how Indigenous children have been represented in selected policies in Indonesia. The first step of a policy analysis approach known as “What's the problem represented to be” (WPR), introduced by Carol Bacchi in her book “Analysing policy: What's the problem represented to be?” in 2009, was applied to examine how Indigenous children in Indonesia are represented in six significant policies. Findings from the analysis indicate that the government of Indonesia acknowledges Indigenous rights. However, the policies describe Indigenous children as vulnerable and linked to social welfare problems. Social work core values state that respect for the dignity and worth of all human beings, promotion of welfare or well‐being, and social justice should be extended to Indigenous children. To promote well‐being, it is argued that social workers must be given more opportunities to be involved in policymaking and advocacy for implementing Indigenous children's policies in Indonesia.
Development of a generalized pharmacokinetic model to characterize clinical pharmacokinetics of monomethyl auristatin E‐based antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Chang Hsuan‐Ping , Cheung Yuen Kiu , Liu Shufang , Shah Dhaval K.
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aims to develop a generalized pharmacokinetic (PK) model for monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)‐based antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) that can simultaneously capture the PK of multiple ADC analytes commonly measured in the clinic.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to collect PK data on MMAE‐based ADCs from clinical trials. From each study, PK profiles of total antibody, the ADC, conjugated MMAE, and unconjugated MMAE, were extracted. These data were pooled and dose‐normalized to evaluate the generalizability of PK across various ADCs and dose levels. Upon confirming PK generalizability, a generalized PK model for MMAE‐based ADCs was developed using the entire dataset. Furthermore, exposure metrics (
and AUC) reported across the range of doses were combined to establish linear relationships between dose and exposure metrics for MMAE‐based ADCs.

Results

A total of 109 PK profiles from 18 distinct MMAE‐based ADCs were gathered. The dose‐normalized PK profiles supported the generalizability of PK for MMAE‐based ADCs. A generalized PK model was developed, which enabled capturing the PK data for 4 ADC analytes across all collected MMAE‐based ADCs. A linear relationship between dose and PK exposure metrics was established, enabling the prediction of typical exposure values across different doses for MMAE‐based ADCs.

Conclusions

This study comprehensively analysed clinical PK data from different valine–citrulline (vc)‐MMAE‐based ADCs. The generalized PK model developed here serves as an important tool for a priori prediction of the PK for multiple ADC analytes in clinical settings and lays the foundation for establishing generalized exposure–response and exposure–toxicity correlations for MMAE‐based ADCs.
Oxycodone initiation in Australia (2014–2018): Sociodemographic factors and preceding health service use
Authors: Gillies Malcolm B. , Camacho Ximena , Bharat Chrianna , Buizen Luke , Blyth Fiona , Currow David , Wilson Andrew , Degenhardt Louisa , Gisev Natasa , Pearson Sallie‐Anne
Published: April 2024

Aims

Oxycodone is the most commonly prescribed strong opioid in Australia. This study describes health service antecedents and sociodemographic factors associated with oxycodone initiation.

Methods

Population‐based new user cohort study linking medicine dispensings, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, medical services and cancer notifications from New South Wales (NSW) for 2014–2018. New users had no dispensings of any opioid in the preceding year. We analysed health service use in the 5 days preceding initiation and proportion of people on treatment over 1 year and fitted an area‐based, multivariable initiation model with sociodemographic covariates.

Results

Oxycodone accounted for 30% of opioid initiations. Annually, 3% of the NSW population initiated oxycodone, and 5–6% were prevalent users; the new user cohort comprised 830 963 people. Discharge from hospital (39.3%), therapeutic procedures (21.4%) and emergency department visits (19.7%) were common; a hospital admission for injury (6.0%) or a past‐year history of cancer (7.2%) were less common. At 1 year after initiation, 4.6% of people were using oxycodone. In the multivariable model, new use of oxycodone increased with age and was higher for people outside major cities, for example, an incidence rate ratio of 1.43 (95% confidence interval 1.36–1.51) for inner regional areas relative to major cities; there was no evidence of variation in rates of new use by social disadvantage.

Conclusion

About half of new oxycodone use in NSW was preceded by a recent episode of hospital care or a therapeutic procedure. Higher rates of oxycodone initiation in rural and regional areas were not explained by sociodemographic factors.
Progression‐free survival is a weakly predictive surrogate end‐point for overall survival in follicular lymphoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Milrod Charles J. , Kim Kang Woo , Raker Christina , Ollila Thomas A. , Olszewski Adam J. , Pelcovits Ari
Published: April 2024

Although progression‐free survival (PFS) is a commonly used surrogate end‐point for clinical trials of follicular lymphoma (FL), no analyses have evaluated the strength of surrogacy for PFS with overall survival (OS). A systematic review was performed and 20 studies (total participants, 10 724) met final inclusion criteria. PFS was weakly associated with OS (correlation coefficient; 0.383, p < 0.001). The coefficient of determination was 0.15 (95% CI: 0.002–0.35) suggesting 15% of OS variance could be explained by changes in PFS. This challenges the role for PFS as a surrogate end‐point for clinical trials and drug approvals.
Downregulation of ABCC3 activates MAPK signaling through accumulation of deoxycholic acid in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Kobayashi Minoru , Ohira Masahiro , Funayama Ryo , Maekawa Masamitsu , Karasawa Hideaki , Kashiwagi Ryosuke , Aoyama Yayoi , Mano Nariyasu , Ohnuma Shinobu , Unno Michiaki , Nakayama Keiko
Published: April 2024

ABCC3 (also known as MRP3) is an ATP binding cassette transporter for bile acids, whose expression is downregulated in colorectal cancer through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. However, it remained unclear how downregulation of ABCC3 expression contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis. We explored the role of ABCC3 in the progression of colorectal cancer—in particular, focusing on the regulation of bile acid export. Gene expression analysis of colorectal adenoma isolated from familial adenomatous polyposis patients revealed that genes related to bile acid secretion including ABCC3 were downregulated as early as at the stage of adenoma formation. Knockdown or overexpression of ABCC3 increased or decreased intracellular concentration of deoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid, respectively, in colorectal cancer cells. Forced expression of ABCC3 suppressed deoxycholic acid‐induced activation of MAPK signaling. Finally, we found that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs increased ABCC3 expression in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that ABCC3 could be one of the targets for therapeutic intervention of familial adenomatous polyposis. Our data thus suggest that downregulation of ABCC3 expression contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis through the regulation of intracellular accumulation of bile acids and activity of MAPK signaling.
Rev1 overexpression accelerates N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced thymic lymphoma by increasing mutagenesis
Authors: Sasatani Megumi , Xi Yang , Daino Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Atsuko , Masuda Yuji , Kajimura Junko , Piao Jinlian , Zaharieva Elena Karamfilova , Honda Hiroaki , Zhou Guanyu , Hamasaki Kanya , Kusunoki Yoichiro , Shimura Tsutomu , Kakinuma Shizuko , Shimada Yoshiya , Doi Kazutaka , Ishikawa‐Fujiwara Tomoko , Sotomaru Yusuke , Kamiya Kenji
Published: April 2024

Rev1 has two important functions in the translesion synthesis pathway, including dCMP transferase activity, and acts as a scaffolding protein for other polymerases involved in translesion synthesis. However, the role of Rev1 in mutagenesis and tumorigenesis in vivo remains unclear. We previously generated Rev1‐overexpressing (Rev1‐Tg) mice and reported that they exhibited a significantly increased incidence of intestinal adenoma and thymic lymphoma (TL) after N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) treatment. In this study, we investigated mutagenesis of MNU‐induced TL tumorigenesis in wild‐type (WT) and Rev1‐Tg mice using diverse approaches, including whole‐exome sequencing (WES). In Rev1‐Tg TLs, the mutation frequency was higher than that in WT TL in most cases. However, no difference in the number of nonsynonymous mutations in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) genes was observed, and mutations involved in Notch1 and MAPK signaling were similarly detected in both TLs. Mutational signature analysis of WT and Rev1‐Tg TLs revealed cosine similarity with COSMIC mutational SBS5 (aging‐related) and SBS11 (alkylation‐related). Interestingly, the total number of mutations, but not the genotypes of WT and Rev1‐Tg, was positively correlated with the relative contribution of SBS5 in individual TLs, suggesting that genetic instability could be accelerated in Rev1‐Tg TLs. Finally, we demonstrated that preleukemic cells could be detected earlier in Rev1‐Tg mice than in WT mice, following MNU treatment. In conclusion, Rev1 overexpression accelerates mutagenesis and increases the incidence of MNU‐induced TL by shortening the latency period, which may be associated with more frequent DNA damage‐induced genetic instability.
Colonial trauma: Terrains of disappearance, traumatic reflexivity, and historicizing countertransference
Authors: Khan Nichola
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes trauma as an interplay of mass violence connecting imperial occupation in British Hong Kong, and an Anglo‐Chinese family in England. It takes Devereux's concept of countertransference to interrogate how killings in the author's family reverberate as traumatic transferences in fieldwork engaging the transgenerational violence of Partition in postcolonial Pakistan. Routing through transferences, it advances a comparative analysis of colonial trauma; moving from the individual to universal through layerings of traumatic silence, existential struggles, and the unconscious. It asks: what kinds of reflexivity are entailed by the double‐nature of the traumatized subject writing about trauma? Can colonial trauma retain specificity, while speaking to the discordant temporal settlement and relational formation of broader interconnected histories, geographical partitions, and generational loss? Psychological anthropology offers a mode for filling in blanks; privileging the subjectivity of inheritors of colonial trauma for ethnographic theorizations into ways anthropologists might reckon with the psychic violence of colonial pasts.
Molybdenite Reference Materials for In SituLA‐ICP‐MS/MS Re‐Os Geochronology
Authors: Tamblyn Renée , Gilbert Sarah , Glorie Stijn , Spandler Carl , Simpson Alexander , Hand Martin , Hasterok Derrick , Ware Bryant , Tessalina Svetlana
Published: April 2024

Re‐Os isotope‐dilution geochronology has been widely used to date the timing of molybdenite, pyrite and chalcopyrite formation across a variety of geological settings. However, in situ methods have been impeded by the isobaric interference of 187Re on 187Os. In situ Re‐Os geochronology using LA‐ICP‐MS/MS has been shown to be a useful technique to chemically separate Os from Re, as Os reacts with CH4 to create higher‐mass reaction products, which can then be measured with minimised interference of 187Re. However, application of the method requires matrix‐matched primary reference materials, e.g., age‐homogenous molybdenite amenable to laser ablation. Here, we characterise and present two new molybdenite mineral reference materials for in situ Re‐Os geochronology by LA‐ICP‐MS/MS, verified by ID‐TIMS Re‐Os measurements. We also present case studies from molybdenite samples with varying Re mass fractions and Re‐Os age mapping. The method provides accurate and precise age data, with excellent precision for high Re samples. The benefits of the LA‐ICP‐MS/MS approach include: (1) simple sample preparation, (2) rapid data acquisition, (3) targeting of specific textural domains including growth zones and (4) the ability to simultaneously collect trace elements used to link the timing and conditions of ore‐formation.
Dental management of people with complex or rare inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Nanayakkara Lochana , Yahaya Norjehan , Parreira Miryam , Bajkin Branislav
Published: April 2024

Advances in haematological therapies for people with complex or rare inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) have resulted in them living longer, retaining their natural teeth with greater expectations of function and aesthetics. Dental management strategies need to evolve to meet these challenges. Utilising low level laser diode therapy to reduce pre‐operative inflammation to reduce the intraoperative and postoperative burden on haemostasis is described in a case series of 12 patients. For these individuals who previously required further medical management to support haemostasis or experienced such prolonged haemorrhage sufficient to warrant hospital admission, haemostasis was achieved in the dental surgery such that they were able to return home with no further medical intervention or overnight stays. Global inequities in accessing novel treatments for complex or rare IBD necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the local haemostatic agents available to dentists and the most commonly used agents and techniques are described including the use of single tooth anaesthesia (STA). STA is a computerised delivery mechanism that allows routine dental procedures that would previously have required block injections needing factor replacement therapy to be undertaken safely and effectively with no additional haemostatic intervention. The challenges of inhibitors in oral surgery are explained and discussed although more research and evidence is required to establish new treatment protocols. The importance of establishing good dental health in the quality of life of people with complex or rare IBD is highlighted with respect to the dental specific impact that more novel therapies may have on people with IBD.
Interesting UV and visible photodetection properties of GZO‐based device
Authors: Rejeb Mabrouka , Souissi Riadh , Alaya Chaouki Ben , Abderrabba Manef , Bouguila Noureddine , Bouaicha Mongi
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of chemically deposited Ga doped ZnO (GZO) thin film for enhanced UV and visible light detection. Transparent thin film was grown on glass substrates by a spray pyrolysis technique. The Ga doping concentration was maintained at 1 at.% in the solution. The influence of gallium concentration in zinc oxide (ZnO) films on structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties was studied.

Measurements of the photoconductivity were performed by DC electrical tool under visible and UV illuminations. Obtained results reported in this study on the performances of the fabricated GZO based device reveal that the photoresponse, rapidity, photosensivity, responsivity, detectivity, and reproducibility of the device are very interesting in photodetection, especially in UV wavelength domain. We notice that the device has a good responsivity as compared to detectors fabricated using other techniques, with a rather good repeatability. Furthermore, the electronic conductivity mechanism is modeled as an ohmic one.
Multiple aspects of tree beta diversity in coastal ecosystems in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Oliveira Eduardo Vinícius , Landim Myrna Friederichs , Gouveia Sidney F.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Patterns of beta diversity reflect the formation dynamics of ecological communities. Here, we integrated geographic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic information of coastal woody vegetation to investigate (1) whether the observed dissimilarity between assemblages differs from that expected by chance, examining the roles of spatial and deterministic processes; (2) the relative contribution of beta‐diversity components (turnover and nestedness) for taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity; and (3) what environmental factors drive the differences in composition between assemblages for all these dimensions.

Location

Brazil.

Taxon

Angiosperm trees.

Methods

We built dissimilarity matrices and partitioned the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity from an incidence matrix, a phylogeny including the region's plants, and a matrix expressing functional distances. Using linear regressions, we tested the effects of different environmental predictors representative of the effects of water availability, thermal energy, habitat heterogeneity, edaphic constraints, climatic stability, and human influence on beta‐diversity patterns.

Results

Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dissimilarities exhibited a typical pattern of greater dissimilarity with distance (i.e., as expected by chance). However, these patterns showed different contributions of beta‐diversity components, predominating turnover in taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity, and nestedness in functional dissimilarity. Water availability had a slight effect on patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarities.

Main conclusions

The Brazilian coastal woody vegetation appears to have emerged through a dynamic of colonisation of evolutionarily distinct but functionally similar lineages that originated from adjacent phytogeographic domains, proportional to their diversity. This is consistent with a combination of both neutral and non‐neutral processes. Our findings underscore the complementary roles of different dimensions of beta diversity in explaining the dynamics of these vegetation communities.
Trust Matters in the Single Market, but How? Analysing Trust Amongst European Financial Supervisors
Authors: Versluis Esther , Michel Niklas , Spendzharova Aneta
Published: April 2024

European regulatory co‐operation has become essential for the smooth operation of the single market, and this in turn requires trust. In the case of the European Union (EU) ‘Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities’ (UCITS) Directive, for example, the member states' financial supervisory authorities rely on each other to provide a harmonised regime for the sale of investment funds across the EU. Funds authorised in one member state can be sold freely in another member state without further authorisation. The national authorities need to trust each other to ensure a consistent application of EU law. Yet we know very little about how trust matters from the perspective of member state regulators. In this article, we provide a better understanding of the relevant components of trust in the single market in financial services through an in‐depth case study of an EU network of national financial market supervisory authorities.
Maddison‐style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update
Authors: Bolt Jutta , van Zanden Jan Luiten
Published: April 2024

This paper surveys the literature on historical national accounting, discusses the importance of relative income benchmarks for, in particular, historical income estimates, and presents an update of long run global economic development with a new version of the Maddison Project Database (MPD). As benchmarks are central to methodologies for global income comparisons over time, and therefore vital to MPD, we analyze the consequences and biases of three benchmarks, the 1990 benchmark, the 2011 benchmark and the multiple benchmark method following the recent Penn World Tables (PWT) methodology, for pre‐1940 income estimates. We develop a methodology to determine which benchmark in combination with time series produces the best anchor for the historical income estimates in the MPD. We conclude that the best way forward for the Maddison Project is to stick to the original 1990 benchmark, yet with two important changes. First, we integrate the 2011 benchmark for the post‐1990 period, and second, we fine tune the dataset for the pre‐1940 period by integrating a new historical benchmark for the US/UK comparison in 1909. By integrating more benchmarks, the MPD moves closer to a multiple benchmark approach as developed by the PWT.
Maxillary interim obturator prosthesis fabrication for a patient with limited mouth opening with a digital approach: A clinical report
Authors: Shahid Omar , Alhayek Abdulhadi , Ahmed Zain Uddin , Aslam Nomara , Aldawood Tuqa , Morgano Steven M. , DiFazio Joseph
Published: April 2024

Squamous cell carcinoma is a common malignant condition affecting the oral cavity and may involve the surrounding maxillofacial regions. Treatment commonly involves resection of the tumor, followed by prosthetic rehabilitation of the resection defect. This clinical report presents a 62‐year‐old Asian male patient who had previously undergone surgical resection, resulting in a post‐surgical Aramany Class II maxillary defect. The patient's medical history included severe trismus, characterized by restricted mouth opening, as well as a diagnosis of maxillary sinus verrucous squamous cell carcinoma. This report provides a comprehensive account of the rapid fabrication of an interim obturator using digitally assisted dentistry techniques.
Current status of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer and meta‐analysis of the effects of phylogenetic distance on embryonic and fetal development
Authors: Adams Laura , Liu Ying , Polejaeva Irina A.
Published: April 2024

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has the capacity to rescue endangered species, ethically produce human embryonic stem cells, and allow for more specific analysis of pre‐implantation embryos. However, several obstacles negatively affect iSCNT efficiency.

Over 100 iSCNT studies have been published between 1999 and the spring of 2023. This review details the possible benefits of iSCNT, describes the hypothesized issues that prevented the development of some embryos and/or live offspring from developing; and analyzes the cleavage, blastocyst, pregnancy, live birth, and iSCNT efficiency rates based on published data.

Embryos produced by iSCNT may help with the rescue of endangered species and the production of human embryonic stem cells with the use of oocytes from domestic species, as well as in‐depth analyses of embryonic genome activation (EGA) and mRNA transcripts. But the combination of the cells of two species in a single embryo presents several challenges: lack of EGA synchronisation, presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from both species in the embryo, requirement of cell and embryo culture optimization for each species combination, lack of embryo transfer data, and an extremely low overall efficiency in terms of producing live offspring. Additional research on the aforementioned topics is warranted to increase iSCNT efficiency.
Intrapuparial development of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a species of medical‐veterinary and forensic importance, under laboratory conditions
Authors: Duarte Marina Lopes , Nascimento Tatiane Aparecida , de Queiroz Margareth Maria Carvalho
Published: April 2024

Sarcophaga (=Parasarcophaga) (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794) is a species of medical–veterinary and forensic importance, as its immatures cause myiasis in humans and animals and colonize carcasses and cadavers. Therefore, investigations into the biology and morphology of this species, with a particular focus on pupae that constitute ≥50% of the developmental period for the immatures, are pertinent. Although there are biological and morphological studies of pupae, the intrapuparial development at different temperatures has not yet been analysed. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe how temperature (22, 27 and 32 ± 1°C) affects the development and morphology of S. (L.) ruficornis pupae at 60 ± 10% relative humidity and a 12‐h photoperiod. Ten pupae were collected, euthanized and fixed every 4 h from pupariation until 24 h and every 8 h until the emergence of the first adult. Emergence occurred at 440, 272 and 232 h at 22, 27 and 32°C, with 590, 380 and 330 pupae, respectively. The highest mortality occurred at 32°C. Eight periods were defined, and sex was determined in pharate adult stage; in addition, 40 key morphological characteristics to estimate pupal age were presented. These findings can serve as a basis for studies on the biology and morphology of the pupa of S. (L.) ruficornis, particularly in bionomics, control and forensics, helping researchers and experts.
Topological insight of immune‐vascular distribution in peri‐implantitis lesions
Authors: Villalobos Veronica , Silva Ian , Morales Diego , Canelo Javiera , Garrido Mauricio , Carreño Leandro J. , Cavalla Franco , Dutzan Nicolas , Caceres Monica
Published: April 2024

Objective

To characterize the distribution of macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and blood vessels in peri‐implantitis compared to healthy aged gingiva samples.

Materials and Methods

This observational study included eight gingival samples from peri‐implantitis and eight from periodontally healthy individuals. By immunofluorescence were identified neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and their pro‐inflammatory or pro‐healing phenotypes, and blood vessels. Two ROIs were designated as zone 1, connective tissue closest to the epithelium and zone 2, connective tissue over 200 microns from the rete ridges. Immune cells and vascular structures were quantified and characterized according to their distribution in both zones.

Results

Two peri‐implantitis zones were characterized by unique macrophage phenotypes and blood vessel architecture. Blood vessels were larger in zone 2 in peri‐implantitis. A greater number of NK cells and macrophages were found in peri‐implantitis compared to healthy aged samples. A higher presence of pro‐inflammatory macrophages was found in zone 1 compared to zone 2. A similar proportion of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐healing macrophages were found in zone 2.

Conclusion

A specific distribution for pro‐inflammatory macrophages and vascular architecture is observed in peri‐implantitis. TNF‐α colocalizes with macrophages in the connective tissue near rete ridges. NK cells are more abundant in peri‐implantitis than in healthy samples.
Areca nut and oral cancer
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The association between areca nut consumption and oral cancer has been a subject of increasing concern in global public health.

Global perspective

Areca nut, often chewed in various forms such as betel quid, is deeply rooted in cultural practices across Asia and other parts of the world. Epidemiological studies consistently reveal a significant correlation between areca nut use and the incidence of oral cancer, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive measures. The complex interplay of areca nut's bioactive compounds, particularly arecoline, with cellular processes, contributes to the initiation and progression of oral carcinogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of its components underscore the urgency for comprehensive public health interventions.

Public health

Efforts to address this public health challenge involve multidisciplinary approaches, encompassing education, policy implementation, and behavioral interventions. Understanding the socio‐cultural factors influencing areca nut consumption is pivotal for designing effective awareness campaigns and cessation programs.

Conclusion

As oral cancer remains a significant global health burden, unraveling the nuanced relationship between areca nut and its role in oral carcinogenesis is crucial for advancing preventive strategies and mitigating the impact of this modifiable risk factor.
Disentangling the separate and combined effects of privatization and cooperation on local government service delivery
Authors: Bel Germà , Elston Thomas
Published: April 2024

Inter‐municipal cooperation is often regarded as an alternative to privatizing local public services. But cooperation and privatization can also be combined into a dual reform package in which several municipalities jointly issue contracts relating to multiple jurisdictions. Evaluation of these mixed cooperation‐privatization reforms rests on disentangling the separate and combined effects of each strategy. This we undertake for the case of solid waste collection in Catalonia, using environmental protection as our focal performance standard. Drawing on two waves of data (for 2000 and 2019) for 186 municipalities that together use all four combinations of public, private, single and cooperative service delivery, we show that superior environmental performance was initially confined to conventional cooperations involving only public production. But latterly, any form of cooperation, using public or private production, resulted in significant gains. This reinforces the need for evaluators to isolate the “active ingredient” in composite reforms.