bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peranan Guru dalam Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Mukarromah Aenullael , Andriana Meyyana
Published: March 2024

Sekolah sebagai lingkungan mikrosistem memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada subjek didik. Sekolah menjadi bentuk dari pendidikan formal. Peran guru sangatlah penting di lingkup pendidikan. Peranannya banyak diperlukan dalam mendidik, seorang guru ketika mengajar diharapkan dapat memberikan banyak andil kepada peserta didik. Pada realita yang ada ditunjukkan dan yang ada di lapangan memberikan gambaran bahwa bahwa dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran pada saat mengajar kepada peserta didik, mereka lebih memahami juga mengerti pelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru dengan sangat mudah. Guru akan mendapatkan kemudahan dalam mengajar apabila mampu menggunakan media pembelajaran yang berperan sebagai alat bantu ketika guru mengajar, karena fungsi dari media pembelajaran disamping sebagai alat bantu pengajaran juga menjadi salah satu dari cara bagi peserta didik agar lebih menjadi aktif. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan jika ada sebagian guru yang tidak bisa membuat bahkan menggunakan media pembelajaran untuk mengajar sebagai alat bantu dalam mengajar peserta didik. Ada beberapa permasalahan yang mengakibatkan guru tidak bisa mengembangkan serta menggunakan media pembelajaran untuk mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan study library untuk mengumpulka teori dan sebagai jawaban pada pembahasan yang berkaitan tentang media pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Pengaturan Penataan Tempat Duduk Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Dumai
Authors: Panggabean Elsi Natasia , Eddison Ahmad , Supentri Supentri
Published: March 2024

Pengaturan penataan tempat duduk dalam hasil penelitian diduga dapat memberikan suatu dorongan kepada siswa dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satu bentuk dari meningkatnya prestasi belajar siswa yaitu dengan pengelolaan kelas. Pengelolaan kelas mempunyai peranan penting dalam konsentrasi belajar siswa salah satunya adalah pengelolaan pengaturan tempat duduk.  sering terjadi permasalahan di kelas pada saat pembelajaran yaitu perilaku siswa yang duduk di bangku belakang lebih sering bermain, mengobrol, sebagian makan yang mengakibatkan proses menulis sangat lambat dan prestasi siswa setelah proses pembelajaran menurun. Dan secara tidak langsung tingkah laku siswa tersebut dapat merusak kondisi optimal bagi proses belajar mengajar yang berlangsung, untuk dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut guru harus optimal dalam mengelola kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk dapat memberikan penjelasan terkait ada atau tidaknya pengaruh yang ditimbulkan pada pengaturan penataan tempat duduk terhadap prestasi belajar siswa ketika pelaksanaan pembelajaran berlangsung. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa SMA Negeri 1 Dumai yang berjumlah 268 orang siswa. Kemudian dilakukan teknik simple random sampling yang memiliki sampel 73 orang siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengaturan penataan tempat duduk terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Dumai sebesar 5.6%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pengaturan penataan tempat duduk terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Dumai sebesar 5.6%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan SPSS 16 dari hasil uji F diperoleh F hitung sebesar 4.250 dan F tabel sebesar 3.976 dimana hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa F hitung ≥ F tabel, sehingga dengan demikian Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang berarti variabel X berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y.
Studi Komparatif Karakter Kreatif Pembelajaran Online Mata Pelajaran PKn Antara Siswa Laki-laki dan Perempuan di SMA Negeri 1 Singkep
Authors: Sarastuti Reika Ditya , Hambali Hambali , Separen Separen
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kasus pandemi Covid-19 yang menyebabkan pembelajaran online menjadi tidak efektif sehingga menurunnya kualitas karakter kreatif pada siswa. Peneliti mengkaji perbandingan karakter kreatif siswa dalam pembelajaran online mata pelajaran PKn antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan karakter kreatif pembelajaran online mata pelajaran PKn antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di SMA Negeri 1 Singkep. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ialah seluruh siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Singkep sebanyak 206 siswa, terdiri dari 86 siswa laki-laki dan 120 siswa perempuan. Penetapan sampel menggunakan teknik kuota sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah 100 siswa, yang terdiri dari 50 siswa laki-laki dan 50 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data adalah dengan menggunakan uji statistik. Hasil uji statistik yang digunakan untuk pengujian hipotesis adalah untuk membandingkan dua kelompok data yakni siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dengan hasil 0,000219 dan 0,000221 < 0.05 (2-tailed < 0.05), artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakter kreatif dalam pembelajaran online mata pelajaran PKn antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan di SMA Negeri 1 Singkep.
Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidkan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan di SMA Negeri 1 Tambusai Kecamatan Tambusai Kabupaten Rokan Hulu
Authors: Sari Ayu Purnama , Eddison Ahmad , Hambali Hambali
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi keinginan peneliti untuk mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah; Apakah terdapat pengaruh perhatian orang tua terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan Pancasila dan kewarganegaraan di SMA Negeri 1 Tambusai Kecamatan Tambusai Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk   mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh perhatian orang tua terhadap minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan di SMA Negeri 1 Tambusai Kecamatan Tambusai Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua variabel yaitu variabel perhatian orang tua (X) dan minat belajar siswa (Y). Instrumen pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 20 pernyataan untuk orang tua dan 16 pernyataan untuk siswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 509 siswa. Penetapan sampel sebanyak 76 responden untuk orang tua dan siswa. Data dan informasi yang di peroleh di analisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik, dan pendekatan deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan menggunakan SPSS 20 yaitu Y= 24,366 + 0,460 X Hasil persamaan di atas dapat dijelaskan konstanta sebesar 24,366 yang memiliki arti bahwa nilai konsistensi variabel perhatian orang tua sebesar 24,366 koefisien regresi X sebesar 0,460 yang menyatakan bahwa penambahan 1% nilai pengaruh perhatian orang tua maka minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan akan bertambah sebesar 0,460. Koefisien bernilai positif artinya pengaruh perhatian orang tua (X) terhadap minat belajar siswa (Y) berpengaruh positif.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Pada Pokok Bahasan Cerita Pantasi Pada Kelas VII
Authors: Hikmah
Published: March 2024

Masalah utama dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ialah mencari metode atau model pembelajaran yang dapat menyampaikan materi pelajaran secara tepat, yang memenuhi muatan tatanan nilai, agar dapat diinternalisasikan pada diri siswa, sehingga siswa mampu mengimplementasikan hakekat nilai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dengan cara itu siswa akan memahami makna apa yang dipelajari bagi dirinya, sehingga akan menumbuhkan motivasi belajarnya. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan pada tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. Tahap-tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan sejak persiapan sampai dengan penulisan laporan penelitian secara keseluruhan dilakukan selama satu bulan, yaitu 8-15 Oktober dan 18-19 Oktober 2021. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan di SMP Al-Hikmah Utan. Subjek penelitian tindakan ini adalah siswa kelas VII di SMP Al-Hikmah Utan semester ganjil (Semester 1) tahun pelajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 12 orang, yang terdiri dari 5 orang laki-laki dan 7 orang perempuan. Siswa kelas VII memiliki kemampuan akademis yang heterogen berdasarkan hasil evaluasi belajar pada semester 1. Objek penelitian adalah aktivitas belajar siswa, hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia. Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat di peroleh, antara lain: (1) Penggunaan strategi cooperatif learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi siswa kelas VII di SMP Al-Hikmah Utan Tahun pelajaran 2021/2022. (2) Penggunaan strategi cooperatif learning dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar Bahasa Indonesia meningkat dari 42,75 pada pretest menjadi 71,88 setelah siklus II. Hal ini berarti penggunaan strategi cooperatif learning akan meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dan memotivasi siswa untuk belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh.
Analisis Pola Komunikasi IPNU-IPPNU di Desa Kesambi dalam Mengembangakan Organisasi
Authors: Ramadhan Rizky Oktavian , Pujianto Wahyu Eko
Published: March 2024

Suatu komunikasi sangatlah penting bagi suatu organisasi. Kesuksesan organisasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh masing masing individu yang mempunyai kapabilitas dan kompetensi serta kerjasama antar kader atrau anggota dalam organisasi. Sangatlah diperlukan sebuah komunikasi untuk menjalin kerjasama agar tercapai tujuan tersebut. Dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang pola komunikasi dari sebuah organisasi kepemudaan yaitu  IPNU/IPPNU Ranting Kesambi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu wawancara dengan ketua IPNU Ranting Kesambi yaitu saudara Muwafiq serta observasi. Dari penelitian ini menghasilkan solusi  dari sebuah permasalahan komunikasi yang terjadi di organisasi IPNU/IPPNU Ranting Kesambi, yaitu dengan cara suatu pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh para senior untuk menjalin sebuah keterikatan antar anggota dan juga dengan menambah waktu untuk berinteraksi satu sama lain agar tidak ada rasa kecanggungan antar  kader.
Apocalypse Memories and the Continuing Relevance of Apocalyptic Literature in the Modern World
Authors: Schalipp Nadia
Published: March 2024

This article examines the continuing popularity and popularisation of apocalyptic texts in modern literature, taking as a case study the novel Apocalypse Memories based on the TV show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. This text seeks to demonstrate that a spoofy-horror-teen novella such as Apocalypse Memories can be examined and questioned in a way that tells us a lot about the evolution and fundamental appeal of eschatological texts and humanity’s constant fascination with the idea of the End. To do so this article investigates Frank Kermode’s theories on apocalyptic literature as set out in his seminal work The Sense of an Ending while examining elements from the Book of Revelation which introduces the ancient religious concept of the apocalypse. I argue that the eschatological inspiration illustrates the continual appeal for the apocalypse and reveals something fundamental about human nature.
ICAM-1 nanoclusters regulate hepatic epithelial cell polarity by leukocyte adhesion-independent control of apical actomyosin
Authors: Cacho-Navas Cristina , López-Pujante Carmen , Reglero-Real Natalia , Colás-Algora Natalia , Cuervo Ana , Conesa José Javier , Barroso Susana , Rivas Gema de , Ciordia Sergio , Paradela Alberto , D’Agostino Gianluca , Manzo Carlo , Feito Jorge , Andrés Germán , Molina-Jiménez Francisca , Majano Pedro , Correas Isabel , Carazo Jose María , Nourshargh Sussan , Huch Meritxell , Millán Jaime
Published: March 2024

Epithelial Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 is apically polarized, interacts with and guides leukocytes across epithelial barriers. Polarized hepatic epithelia organize their apical membrane domain into bile canaliculi and ducts, which are not accessible to circulating immune cells but that nevertheless confine most of ICAM-1. Here, by analyzing ICAM-1_KO human hepatic cells, liver organoids from ICAM-1_KO mice and rescue-of-function experiments, we show that ICAM-1 regulates epithelial apicobasal polarity in a leukocyte adhesion-independent manner. ICAM-1 signals to an actomyosin network at the base of canalicular microvilli, thereby controlling the dynamics and size of bile canalicular-like structures (BCs). We identified the scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1/SLC9A3R1, which connects membrane proteins with the underlying actin cytoskeleton, in the proximity interactome of ICAM-1. EBP50 and ICAM-1 form nano-scale domains that overlap in microvilli, from which ICAM-1 regulates EBP50 nano-organization. Indeed, EBP50 expression is required for ICAM-1-mediated control of BC morphogenesis and actomyosin. Our findings indicate that ICAM-1 regulates the dynamics of epithelial apical membrane domains beyond its role as a heterotypic cell-cell adhesion molecule and reveal potential therapeutic strategies for preserving epithelial architecture during inflammatory stress.
The transcriptional landscape underlying larval development and metamorphosis in the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)
Authors: Huerlimann Roger , Roux Natacha , Maeda Ken , Pilieva Polina , Miura Saori , Chen Hsiao-chian , Izumiyama Michael , Laudet Vincent , Ravasi Timothy
Published: March 2024

Most teleost fishes exhibit a biphasic life history with a larval oceanic phase that is transformed into morphologically and physiologically different demersal, benthic, or pelagic juveniles. This process of transformation is characterized by a myriad of hormone-induced changes, during the often abrupt transition between larval and juvenile phases called metamorphosis. Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to be instrumental in triggering and coordinating this transformation but other hormonal systems such as corticoids, might be also involved as it is the case in amphibians. In order to investigate the potential involvement of these two hormonal pathways in marine fish post-embryonic development, we used the Malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) as a model system. We assembled a chromosome-scale genome sequence and conducted a transcriptomic analysis of nine larval developmental stages. We studied the expression patterns of genes involved in TH and corticoid pathways, as well as four biological processes known to be regulated by TH in other teleost species: ossification, pigmentation, visual perception, and metabolism. Surprisingly, we observed an activation of many of the same pathways involved in metamorphosis also at an early stage of the larval development, suggesting an additional implication of these pathways in the formation of early larval features. Overall, our data brings new evidence to the controversial interplay between corticoids and thyroid hormones during metamorphosis as well as, surprisingly, during the early larval development. Further experiments will be needed to investigate the precise role of both pathways during these two distinct periods and whether an early activation of both corticoid and TH pathways occurs in other teleost species.
Machine learning approaches identify immunologic signatures of total and intact HIV DNA during long-term antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Semenova Lesia , Wang Yingfan , Falcinelli Shane , Archin Nancie , Cooper-Volkheimer Alicia D , Margolis David M , Goonetilleke Nilu , Murdoch David M , Rudin Cynthia D , Browne Edward P
Published: March 2024

Understanding the interplay between the HIV reservoir and the host immune system may yield insights into HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and inform strategies for a cure. Here, we applied machine learning (ML) approaches to cross-sectional high-parameter HIV reservoir and immunology data in order to characterize host–reservoir associations and generate new hypotheses about HIV reservoir biology. High-dimensional immunophenotyping, quantification of HIV-specific T cell responses, and measurement of genetically intact and total HIV proviral DNA frequencies were performed on peripheral blood samples from 115 people with HIV (PWH) on long-term ART. Analysis demonstrated that both intact and total proviral DNA frequencies were positively correlated with T cell activation and exhaustion. Years of ART and select bifunctional HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses were negatively correlated with the percentage of intact proviruses. A leave-one-covariate-out inference approach identified specific HIV reservoir and clinical–demographic parameters, such as age and biological sex, that were particularly important in predicting immunophenotypes. Overall, immune parameters were more strongly associated with total HIV proviral frequencies than intact proviral frequencies. Uniquely, however, expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127) on CD4 T cells was more strongly correlated with the intact reservoir. Unsupervised dimension reduction analysis identified two main clusters of PWH with distinct immune and reservoir characteristics. Using reservoir correlates identified in these initial analyses, decision tree methods were employed to visualize relationships among multiple immune and clinical–demographic parameters and the HIV reservoir. Finally, using random splits of our data as training-test sets, ML algorithms predicted with approximately 70% accuracy whether a given participant had qualitatively high or low levels of total or intact HIV DNA . The techniques described here may be useful for assessing global patterns within the increasingly high-dimensional data used in HIV reservoir and other studies of complex biology.
Machine learning approaches identify immunologic signatures of total and intact HIV DNA during long-term antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Semenova Lesia , Wang Yingfan , Falcinelli Shane , Archin Nancie , Cooper-Volkheimer Alicia D , Margolis David M , Goonetilleke Nilu , Murdoch David M , Rudin Cynthia D , Browne Edward P
Published: March 2024

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) halts HIV replication; however, cellular / immue cell viral reservoirs persist despite ART. Understanding the interplay between the HIV reservoir, immune perturbations, and HIV-specific immune responses on ART may yield insights into HIV persistence. A cross-sectional study of peripheral blood samples from 115 people with HIV (PWH) on long-term ART was conducted. High-dimensional immunophenotyping, quantification of HIV-specific T cell responses, and the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) were performed. Total and intact HIV DNA was positively correlated with T cell activation and exhaustion. Years of ART and select bifunctional HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses were negatively correlated with the percentage of intact proviruses. A Leave-One-Covariate-Out (LOCO) inference approach identified specific HIV reservoir and clinical-demographic parameters that were particularly important in predicting select immunophenotypes. Dimension reduction revealed two main clusters of PWH with distinct reservoirs. Additionally, machine learning approaches identified specific combinations of immune and clinical-demographic parameters that predicted with approximately 70% accuracy whether a given participant had qualitatively high or low levels of total or intact HIV DNA. The techniques described here may be useful for assessing global patterns within the increasingly high-dimensional data used in HIV reservoir and other studies of complex biology.
Impact of the clinically approved BTK inhibitors on the conformation of full-length BTK and analysis of the development of BTK resistance mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Joseph Raji E , Wales Thomas E , Jayne Sandrine , Britton Robert G , Fulton D Bruce , Engen John R , Dyer Martin JS , Andreotti Amy H
Published: March 2024

Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) has proven to be highly effective in the treatment of B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), autoimmune disorders, and multiple sclerosis. Since the approval of the first BTK inhibitor (BTKi), Ibrutinib, several other inhibitors including Acalabrutinib, Zanubrutinib, Tirabrutinib, and Pirtobrutinib have been clinically approved. All are covalent active site inhibitors, with the exception of the reversible active site inhibitor Pirtobrutinib. The large number of available inhibitors for the BTK target creates challenges in choosing the most appropriate BTKi for treatment. Side-by-side comparisons in CLL have shown that different inhibitors may differ in their treatment efficacy. Moreover, the nature of the resistance mutations that arise in patients appears to depend on the specific BTKi administered. We have previously shown that Ibrutinib binding to the kinase active site causes unanticipated long-range effects on the global conformation of BTK (Joseph et al., 2020). Here, we show that binding of each of the five approved BTKi to the kinase active site brings about distinct allosteric changes that alter the conformational equilibrium of full-length BTK. Additionally, we provide an explanation for the resistance mutation bias observed in CLL patients treated with different BTKi and characterize the mechanism of action of two common resistance mutations: BTK T474I and L528W.
Disparity in temporal and spatial relationships between resting-state electrophysiological and fMRI signals
Authors: Tu Wenyu , Cramer Samuel R , Zhang Nanyin
Published: March 2024

Resting-state brain networks (RSNs) have been widely applied in health and disease, but the interpretation of RSNs in terms of the underlying neural activity is unclear. To address this fundamental question, we conducted simultaneous recordings of whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electrophysiology signals in two separate brain regions of rats. Our data reveal that for both recording sites, spatial maps derived from band-specific local field potential (LFP) power can account for up to 90% of the spatial variability in RSNs derived from rsfMRI signals. Surprisingly, the time series of LFP band power can only explain to a maximum of 35% of the temporal variance of the local rsfMRI time course from the same site. In addition, regressing out time series of LFP power from rsfMRI signals has minimal impact on the spatial patterns of rsfMRI-based RSNs. This disparity in the spatial and temporal relationships between resting-state electrophysiology and rsfMRI signals suggests that electrophysiological activity alone does not fully explain the effects observed in the rsfMRI signal, implying the existence of an rsfMRI component contributed by ‘electrophysiology-invisible’ signals. These findings offer a novel perspective on our understanding of RSN interpretation.
Full-length direct RNA sequencing uncovers stress granule-dependent RNA decay upon cellular stress
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahmad , Malla Sulochan , Martinek Vlastimil , Payea Matthew John , Lee Christopher Tai-Yi , Martin Jessica , Khandeshi Aditya Jignesh , Martindale Jennifer L , Belair Cedric , Maragkakis Manolis
Published: March 2024

Cells react to stress by triggering response pathways, leading to extensive alterations in the transcriptome to restore cellular homeostasis. The role of RNA metabolism in shaping the cellular response to stress is vital, yet the global changes in RNA stability under these conditions remain unclear. In this work, we employ direct RNA sequencing with nanopores, enhanced by 5ʹ end adapter ligation, to comprehensively interrogate the human transcriptome at single-molecule and -nucleotide resolution. By developing a statistical framework to identify robust RNA length variations in nanopore data, we find that cellular stress induces prevalent 5ʹ end RNA decay that is coupled to translation and ribosome occupancy. Unlike typical RNA decay models in normal conditions, we show that stress-induced RNA decay is dependent on XRN1 but does not depend on deadenylation or decapping. We observed that RNAs undergoing decay are predominantly enriched in the stress granule transcriptome while inhibition of stress granule formation via genetic ablation of G3BP1 and G3BP2 rescues RNA length. Our findings reveal RNA decay as a key component of RNA metabolism upon cellular stress that is dependent on stress granule formation.
OsNF-YB7 inactivates OsGLK1 to inhibit chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice embryo
Authors: Yang Zongju , Bai Tianqi , E Zhiguo , Niu Baixiao , Chen Chen
Published: March 2024

As a master regulator of seed development, Leafy Cotyledon 1 (LEC1) promotes chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, but the mechanism underlying this remains poorly understood. Here, we found that loss of function of OsNF-YB7, a LEC1 homolog of rice, leads to chlorophyllous embryo, indicating that OsNF-YB7 plays an opposite role in Chl biosynthesis in rice compared with that in Arabidopsis. OsNF-YB7 regulates the expression of a group of genes responsible for Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, OsNF-YB7 interacts with Golden 2-Like 1 (OsGLK1) to inhibit the transactivation activity of OsGLK1, a key regulator of Chl biosynthesis. Moreover, OsNF-YB7 can directly repress OsGLK1 expression by recognizing its promoter in vivo, indicating the involvement of OsNF-YB7 in multiple regulatory layers of Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo. We propose that OsNF-YB7 functions as a transcriptional repressor to regulate Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo.
Uso de macroalgas intermareales como bioindicadores de disturbio antropogénico por nutrientes en las costas rocosas del Pacífico mexicano central tropical
Authors: Vergara-Carranza Careli , López Norma , Piñón-Gimate Alejandra
Published: March 2024

La Bahía de Zihuatanejo, México, presenta disturbios en sus costas rocosas debido a la cantidad de nutrientes que llegan al mar por la urbanización y el turismo masivo. Estos nutrientes han sido trazados por las macroalgas mediante el uso de isótopos estables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue utilizar 4 especies de macroalgas como bioindicadores para inferir las fuentes de nutrientes al sistema a través de la señal de δ15N y el contenido elemental de nitrógeno (N). Se realizaron 2 muestreos en las temporadas de lluvias y secas de 2021 en 3 localidades en la región: La Madera, Las Salinas y La Majahua. Se tomaron muestras de agua por localidad y temporada para determinar las concentraciones de nitratos (NO3) y fosfatos (PO4) y se evaluaron las señales isotópicas y el contenido de N en Hypnea spinella, Padina gymnospora, Ulva intestinalis y Ulva lactuca. Las concentraciones de NO3 y PO4 fueron más altas en Las Salinas, no presentaron diferencias entre La Madera y La Majahua y fueron similares a las reportadas previamente para la región. Las señales más altas de δ15N se encontraron en H. spinella y U. intestinalis en Las Salinas (16.12‰ y 15.38‰, respectivamente) y La Madera (15.12‰ y 13.58‰, respectivamente) y resultaron cercanas a la señal isotópica de aguas residuales. En La Majahua, se obtuvieron señales bajas para H. spinella (13.54‰), P. gymnospora (9.24‰) y U. lactuca (8.24‰), cuyos valores resultaron cercanos a la señal isotópica de aguas oceánicas ricas en nutrientes. El contenido de N varió dependiendo de la especie y la localidad, siendo más alto en Las Salinas. Las señales isotópicas encontradas coinciden con aquellas reportadas para costas enriquecidas con nutrientes de tipo antropogénico y natural. Hypnea spinella y U. intestinalis pueden ser empleadas como bioindicadores de disturbio antropogénico debido a la descarga de aguas residuales.
Growth and Instability Analysis of Coconut in Kerala and India
Authors: Athira S.  , Guledagudda S. S.
Published: March 2024

The present study was carried out to analyze the growth trends and to observe magnitude of variations in area, production and productivity of coconut in India, Kerala and two major coconut growing districts (Kozhikode and Malappuram) of Kerala. This study is based on secondary data on area, production and productivity of coconut in India, Kerala and two districts of Kerala state collected from the website of Coconut Development Board (CDB) for a period of 20 years, i.e., from 2000-01 to 2019-20. The study used averages, coefficient of variation, instability index and compound annual growth rate for the analysis of the data. The growth trend was estimated using Compound Annual Growth Rate while the instability was measured using Cuddy Della Valle Instability index with the aid of coefficient of variation. The entire study period was further divided into two sub-periods: Period I (2000-01 to 2009-10) and Period II (2010-11 to 2019-20). The results of the growth rate analysis indicated that the highest growth rate was observed in production (3.85 %) followed by productivity (3.07 %) and area (0.75 %) at one per cent level of significance in the overall period in India. Whereas in Kerala, the area (-1.05 %) and production (-0.49 %) registered negative growth in the overall study period, but the productivity (0.57 %) showed a positive growth rate which was significant at five per cent level of probability. The results of the instability index reveal that the production of coconut in India experienced a highest variation of 10.59 per cent, followed by productivity (9.89 %) and area (3.36 %). Similarly, in Kerala, the instability index was found to be highest in production (11.12 %) followed by productivity (7.57 %) and area (5.71 %).
Structure Analysis and Growth Trends the Economy of Bali Province-Indonesia Post COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Antara Made , Sumarniasih Made Sri
Published: March 2024

The 2020-2021 world economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemic has reduced tourist visits to Bali. The G-20 conference in 2022, which be followed by foreign tourist visits to Bali, have a positive influence on Bali's economic growth. The research objectives are to Analyze Bali's economic structure post-COVID-19 pandemic and make a trend for Bali's economic growth post-COVID-19 pandemic. Research location in Bali Province. The type of data collected is quarterly secondary data for the 2018-2023 period (21 points) where Y=quarterly Bali economic growth, and X=quarterly foreign tourist visits. The main data source is the Bali Province Central Statistics Agency and several other related agencies in Bali. Data analysis methods are descriptive statistics, qualitative descriptive, and linear trend analysis. The research results show that, although in 2020-2021 Bali's economy experienced a significant contraction due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, post the pandemic, tourist visits to Bali began to recover in 2022-2023, Bali's economic structure remains the same as before the pandemic, which was dominated by the tourism sector. The results of the linear trend analysis show that tourist visits have a significant effect on Bali's economic growth. This means that the increase in tourist visits after the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on Bali's economic growth. If in the first quarter of 2024, tourist visits reach 1,500,000 people, then Bali's economic growth will be 6.59%. However, if in the second quarter of 2024, tourist visits reach 1,600,000 people, then Bali's economic growth will be 7.03%. The novelty of the research is that after COVID-19, Bali's economy continues to be driven by tourism, and tourist visits have a significant influence on Bali's economic growth.
Molecular Parentage Analysis in Aquaculture: Principles, Applications, and Challenges: A Review
Authors: Vesal Seyed Ehsan
Published: March 2024

Molecular parentage analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing pedigrees and estimating genetic parameters in aquaculture species. It is based on the comparison of DNA marker genotypes between offspring and potential parents. This review provides a concise overview of molecular parentage analysis in aquaculture, covering its principles, methods, applications, challenges, and limitations. It describes common DNA markers, including microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), used in parentage analysis and the criteria for their selection. The software and statistical methods for assigning parentage and evaluating the accuracy and power of the assignment are also discussed. This review demonstrates applications for estimating genetic parameters, investigating inbreeding, evaluating reproductive success, and improving selective breeding programs. In conclusion, while molecular parentage analysis is a valuable tool for improving genetic management in aquaculture, careful planning, implementation, and interpretation are essential.
Unveiling the Health Concerns of Climate Migrants: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mannanal Maria Sunil , Mohan Aswathy
Published: March 2024

Climate change has forced a significant population around the world to migrate from their homelands. People who migrate in the context of climate change experience a range of challenges and their health is one of the overlooked issues. The present study is a narrative review to identify the health implications of climate-induced migration and assess the healthcare system available to climate migrants. A systematic literature search was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. This review adopted the PRISMA flow diagram for article selection, and ten full-text research articles published between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed. The study finds that climate migrants face a multitude of physical, mental, and social health issues both at their origin and destination that significantly impact their well–being. It was found that women, children, and the elderly are extremely vulnerable to climate-related migration problems. Moreover, inadequate access to healthcare facilities exacerbates their health problems. Given the likelihood of climate-related disasters to increase in the future, resulting in more climate migrants, it is imperative to address their health problems. This review makes an important contribution in this regard by attempting to synthesise the little but existing available literature on the health impacts of this vulnerable group.
Comparative Analysis of Qualitative Academic Advising at the University of Ghana and Ohio University
Authors: Tutera Doreen
Published: March 2024

Students around the globe face challenges during their academic journey which jeopardize their academic, personal, as well as professional success. Some of these challenges may include wrong course registration, parental problems, financial breakdown, career misinformation and lots more. This has necessitated the establishment of academic advising in higher education institutions. In this study, comparative analysis on the influence of academic advising and the best method of its effective handling was conducted between students in University of Ghana and Ohio University. Semi-structured interviews were adopted to dig deep into participants’ lives and gather in-depth information about academic advising. The interview schedule was strictly followed, and each interview lasted for 20-30 minutes. The research occurred at the University of Ghana and Ohio University and occurred between July 2023 and September 2023. In analyzing the centrality of student advising comparatively, this study uses Astin’s Theory of Student Involvement and Tinto’s Theory of Student Departure. The study revealed that academic advising existed at the University of Ghana and Ohio University, but the extent and effectiveness of practice varies between the two. Ohio University has a structured advising system unlike the University of Ghana. Also, it was revealed that advisors at the University of Ghana were faculty members and staff of the career center while there were professional advisors at Ohio University who were basically employed to handle student affairs. I concluded that universities should have a centralized office for student advising while each department should establish a committee accessible to all students and that would be responsible for assisting and guiding students throughout their academic journey at the university. Also, the university should also make it mandatory for students to attend advising sessions and more staff members at the Counseling and Career Center should be employed and adequately trained. Nonetheless, the advisor-to-student ratio should be maintained to ensure advisors are not overwhelmed by the number of students they have to advise. In conclusion, majority of the participants asserted that academic advising was beneficial to their academic, professional, and personal lives.
Challenges of Cutaneous Care in Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report
Authors: MN Amaewhule, , ES Amadi, , Korubo, IF.  , Gomba, VE  , Wokekoro, PJ  , Wariboko, C.  , Figilo  , Douglas IM , Robinson-Elechi BI, , MD E., Harry, , Onyenma, PO
Published: March 2024

Cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease are one of the first notable signs of thyroid hormone dysregulation. Skin changes in hyperthyroidism vary from individual to individual. In dark skinned Africans it may be challenging to detect these dermatoses and care for the patients with these dermatoses if they arise. Making the actual cutaneous diagnosis in hyperthyroidism may be impaired by co-morbidities, drug-drug interactions, hypersensitive reactions, unusual presentation of common diseases, immunosuppression that may result to opportunistic infections and similar presentations of dermatoses. There may be dermatoses that may co-exist with other dermatoses within the same site. The peculiarity of our case report is that we present three females with hyperthyroidism that cut across different age groups with different cutaneous lesions. This case report aims to present the challenges of making accurate skin diagnosis and challenges that arise in actually caring for them. Counselling the patient on the appropriate care and prognosis of these skin lesions would help in improvement of quality of life and unwanted expectations
Analysis of Genetic Variability and Heritability in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes
Authors: Tabasum Saima , Nazir Gazala , Hussain Khursheed , Ali Gowhar , Nazir Nageena , Mushtaq Faheema , Hussain Z. , Arizoo
Published: March 2024

Analysis on “Study of genetic variability and heritability in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes” was carried out at the experimental field of Division of Vegetable Science, FOH, SKUAST, Kashmir Shalimar during kharif season 2021 in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The experimental material comprised of forty genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the characters were highly significant, revealing significant variation among all the genotypes for all the traits under study. The phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficients of variation. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) in present experienment were high for the traits; average fruit weight (43.69% and 43.69%), total anthocyanin content (39.10 % and 39.10%), ascorbic acid (31.73 % and 31.73) and dry matter (42.31% and 42.29). Heritability in broad sense was found to be high for all traits under study (greater than 70 per cent). Highest genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded in average fruit weight (90) followed by dry matter (87.11) and total anthocyanin content (80.55).
Genetic Variability Studies in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l.) Genotypes for Sugar and Biomass Related Traits
Authors: Chaithrashree, B.N.  , Lakshmeesha R.  , Darshitha S. R. , Harish, J.  , Manojkumar, H. B.  , Harinikumar K. M. , Babu C. V.
Published: March 2024

Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) is an important crop in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Southern Asia. Sweet sorghum is characterized by more rapid growth, higher biomass production, wider adaptation and greater potential for ethanol production. The present study was conducted to evaluate 33 sweet sorghum genotypes including two check varieties for different yield and sugar related traits. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant difference for all characters under the study. The genetic variability study revealed the presence of greater phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for most of the characters indicating the presence of the environmental effect. Stem girth, nodes per plant, biomass weight, cane weight, juice content and total soluble solids, total sugars were recorded high PCV and GCV. Plant height and cane height recorded moderate PCV and GCV. Except for plant height at 30 days after sowing (DAS)  all other characters plant height at 60 DAS, plant height at 90 DAS, cane height, nodes per plant, stem girth, biomass weight, cane weight, total biomass yield, juice yield, total soluble solids, total sugars, total reducing sugars and total non-reducing sugars showed high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean suggesting that, these characters are under the control of additive genes and phenotypic selection will be effective for these traits.
Investigation Effect of Aloe Vera in Fresh Gel Form on Rabbit’s Model Wound
Authors: AL-Dhamary Nabhan , Al-Adhal Adnan , Kadi Hussein , AL-Kamarany Mohammed Amood
Published: March 2024

Background: Aloe is plant possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen namely Aloe vera used as a multipurpose skin treatment.

Objective: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of topical Aloe vera gel in fresh form on the wound healing of rabbit model in comparison with Moist Exposed Wound Ointment (MEBO) .

Methods: The experimental animals as models of excision wounds that were classified into four groups. The 1st group was not treated as a control, the 2nd group was treated with a placebo (petroleum gel), the 3rd group was treated with Mebo as drug standard, and the 4th group was treated with Aloe vera gel in fresh form.  This study was carried out in Sana’a city during the period of three weeks.  The healing parameters were epithelization period (scar fall day) and percentage of wound contraction (%) and the data obtained were analyzed.

Results: The results showed that the significant difference between study group (p < 0.05)   and the effect of this plant on an increase in the percentage (%) of wound contraction was better than the standard drug (Mebo) group and other groups. On the other mean, on the 16th day, the percentage of wound contraction of the treated group with Aloe vera was 100 % while in the treated group with Mebo was 97.6%. In addition, in placebo and control groups were 76.6 % and 73.8 %, respectively.

Conclusion: Finally, from these findings, it could be concluded that the application of Aloe vera gel in topically administered to an open wound induces significant wound contraction and accelerates wound healing and this herbal may be a promising medication for open wounds.
A Review on the Distribution, Economic Importance and Nutritional Value of Underutilized Plants in Sikkim's Agricultural Scenario
Authors: Baruah Koushik , Kaushik Kunal , Tare Kime , Sherpa Tshering lhamu , Chetia Siddhant , Subba Reshav , Tamang Dupchen
Published: March 2024

This literature review provides a brief reference to the current status and socio-economic importance of some of the selected underutilized crops of Sikkim. Some wild fruits show great potential for cultivation due to their high antioxidant content, good fat, medicinal biochemicals, and even higher fruit yield per tree compared to commercial plant varieties, making them horticulturally competent for cultivation. The use of these wild local plant species as a supplementary food reserve holds promise. The avocado crop is versatile and can be utilized in various ways, such as for producing processed goods, for export, for oil extraction, and as a raw material in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, thereby generating high-value products. There is a significant interest in this crop in different parts of India, including Eastern India, as indicated by the high demand for information on avocados.
Elucidating the Coordination Chemistry and Mechanism of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Dance Ian
Published: July 2007

How does the enzyme nitrogenase reduce the inert molecule N2 to NH3 under ambient conditions that are so different from the energy‐expensive conditions of the best industrial practices? This review focuses on recent theoretical investigations of the catalytic site, the iron–molybdenum cofactor FeMo‐co, and the way in which it is hydrogenated by protons and electrons and then binds N2. Density functional calculations provide reaction profiles and activation energies for possible mechanistic steps. This establishes a conceptual framework and the principles for the coordination chemistry of FeMo‐co that are essential to the chemical mechanism of catalysis. The model advanced herein explains relevant experimental data.
Definitive Bahnbestimmung des Doppelsterns ∑ 1037
Authors: Karmel G.
Published: July 2007

Die Bahn des Sternes B (7m., Spektrum F5) um den Hauptstern A (7m.2, F5) im System ∑ 1037 ist gegeben durch die Elemente

equation image

Aus diesen Elementen ergehen sich die Thiele‐Innes‐Konstanten zu

equation image

Sehr beachtlich ist die hei Doppelsternen nur in sehr wenigen Fällen auftretende hohe Exzentrizität.
Die günstigste Wahl der Zeitsterne in der Döllenmethode
Authors: Niethammer Th.
Published: July 2007

Es wird der allgemeine Ausdruck für den mittleren Fehler der Uhrkorrektion, die aus Durchgangsbeobachtungen im Vertikale des Polarsternes abgeleitet wird, aufgestellt; er nimmt die gleiche Form an wie im Falle der Beobachtung von Meridiandurchgängen.
Neubegründung der äußeren Ballistik
Authors: Bucerius H.
Published: July 2007

Es wird eine neue Behandlung des Problems der äußeren Ballistik erörtert, in welcher anstatt der üblichen Anfangsbedingungen die Schußweite und die Durchlaufungszeit der Geschoßbahn als Parameter (Randbedingungen) eingeführt werden. Dadurch gelingt es, an die Stelle der bekannten Differentialgleichungen des Problems gewisse Integralgleichungen treten zu lassen, deren Lösungsmethode für das quadratische Widerstandsgesetz einschließlich eines numerischen Beispiels skizziert wird. Auf weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Ballistik wird hingewiesen.
Die Transformation beliebiger sphärischer Koordinatensysteme mit einer einzigen immerwährenden Hilfstafel
Authors: Schütte K.
Published: July 2007

Die bisherigen Formeln und tafeln für die Transformation der sphärischen Koordinaten sind immer mehr oder weniger auf spezielle Fälle zugeschnitten. Sei es, daß sie für eine bestimmte Transformation. oder eine gegebene Polhöhe oder eine bestimmte Schiefe der Ekliptik usw. gelten. Es wird gezeigt, daß mit Hilfe eines Transformationswinkels P jede beliebige Koordinatentransformation ausgeführt werden kann. P läßt verschiedene geometrische Deutungen zu und ist von der gegenseitigen Neigung der beiden Ebenen unabhängig, wenn man nur die Koordinaten selbst transformiert. In einer Reihe von nautischen Spezialtafeln kommt der Transformationswinkel P – oft unter anderer Bezeichnung – schon vor, so daß diese tafeln auch für rein astronomische Probleme von Wert sein dürften.