bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is (the wrong of) cultural appropriation?
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara , Balint Peter
Published: August 2019

Social media is full of accusations and counter-accusations of a wrong called ‘cultural appropriation’. Our goal in this article is to sift through these deliberations and identify what cultural appropriation is, what it is not, and what, if anything might be wrong with it. We begin by explaining why public discourse about cultural appropriation should matter to political theorists of multiculturalism, especially in the anti-immigrant mood that has engulfed many immigrant-receiving countries. We then place cultural appropriation under the umbrella of cultural engagement, before identifying two forms of problematic cultural engagement – cultural offence and cultural misrepresentation – that are often conflated with cultural appropriation. In the next section, we define cultural appropriation as the appropriation of something of cultural value, usually a symbol or a practice, to others. We go on to explain that two additional conditions must be present to define an act of cultural appropriation: the presence of significant contestation around the act of appropriation, and the presence of knowledge (or negligent culpability) in the act of appropriation. Although this account of cultural appropriation is normative, cultural appropriation is often wrong only in a trivial sense. One of the ways it can become more serious is through the presence of what we term ‘amplifiers’. The contextual conditions that can render acts of cultural appropriation more egregious include: the existence of a power imbalance between the cultural appropriator and those from whom the practice or symbol is appropriated; the absence of consent; and the presence of profit that accrues to the appropriator. Ultimately, we find that there are very few instances of seriously wrongful cultural appropriation, and that many of the actions decried as cultural appropriation may be wrongful, but not because they appropriate.
College Success Among Students From Disadvantaged Backgrounds: “Poor” and “Rural” Do Not Spell Failure
Authors: Lewine Rich , Manley Kayla , Bailey Geoff , Warnecke Ashlee , Davis Darlene , Sommers Alison
Published: August 2019

The popular view of students reared in poverty is that they fall short across a wide range of domains relative to their more advantaged peers. In this ongoing longitudinal study, we follow a cohort of college students who come from poverty and were awarded full financial support for four years at a large public research university. The results after two full academic years are striking for the lack of difference in dropout rate and grade point average between these economically disadvantaged students and their college peers. We suggest that it is not poverty per se that leads to poorer college academic performance in such students but rather the demand on their time and energy to meet ongoing financial needs.
Organ Donation After Circulatory Death and Before Death: Ethical Questions and Nursing Implications
Authors: de Tantillo Lila , González Juan M. , Ortega Johis
Published: August 2019

Scientific advances have enabled thousands of individuals to extend their lives through organ donation. Yet, shortfalls of available organs persist, and individuals in the United States die daily before they receive what might have been lifesaving organs. For years, the legal foundation of organ donation in the United States has been known as the Dead Donor Rule, requiring death to be defined for organ donation purposes by either a cardiac standard (termination of the heartbeat) or a neurological one (cessation of all brain function). In this context, one solution used by an increasing number of health care facilities since 2006 is donation after circulatory death, generally defined as when care is withdrawn from individuals who have known residual brain function. Despite its increased use, donation after circulatory death remains ethically controversial. In addition, some ethicists have advocated forgoing the Dead Donor Rule altogether and allowing donation before or near death in certain circumstances. However, nurses and other health professionals must carefully consider the practical and ethical implications of broadening the Dead Donor Rule—as may be already occurring—or removing it entirely. Such changes could harm both the integrity of the health care system as well as efforts to secure organ donation commitments from the public and are outweighed by the moral and pragmatic cost. Nurses should be prepared to confront the challenge posed by the ongoing scarcity of organs and advocate for ethical alternatives including research on effective care pathways and education regarding organ donation.
Biomedical potential of mammalian spectraplakin proteins: Progress and prospect
Authors: King Sarah A , Liu Han , Wu Xiaoyang
Published: August 2019

The cytoskeleton is an essential element of a eukaryotic cell which informs both form and function and ultimately has physiological consequences for the organism. Equally as important as the major cytoskeletal networks are crosslinkers which coordinate and regulate their activities. One such category of crosslinker is the spectraplakins, a family of giant, evolutionarily conserved crosslinking proteins with the rare ability to interact with each of the three major cytoskeletal networks. In particular, a mammalian spectraplakin isotype called MACF1 (microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1), also known as ACF7 (actin crosslinking factor 7), has been of particular interest in the years since its discovery; MACF1 has come under such scrutiny due to the mounting list of biological phenomena in which it has been implicated. This review is an overview of the current knowledge on the structure and function of the known spectraplakin isotypes with an emphasis on MACF1, recent studies on MACF1, and finally, an analysis of the potential of MACF1 to advance medicine.

Impact statement

Spectraplakins are a highly conserved group of proteins which have the rare ability to bind to each of the three major cytoskeletal networks. The mammalian spectraplakin MACF1/ACF7 has proven to be instrumental in many cellular processes (e.g. signaling and cell migration) since its identification and, as such, has been the focus of various research studies. This review is a synthesis of scientific reports on the structure, confirmed functions, and implicated roles of MACF1/ACF7 as of 2019. Based on what has been revealed thus far in terms of MACF1/ACF7’s role in complex pathologies such as metastatic cancers and inflammatory bowel disease, it appears that MACF1/ACF7 and the continued study thereof hold great potential to both enhance the design of future therapies for various diseases and vastly expand scientific understanding of organismal physiology as a whole.
Cardiac microtubules in health and heart disease
Authors: Caporizzo Matthew A , Chen Christina Yingxian , Prosser Benjamin L
Published: August 2019

Cardiomyocytes are large (∼40,000 µm3), rod-shaped muscle cells that provide the working force behind each heartbeat. These highly structured cells are packed with dense cytoskeletal networks that can be divided into two groups—the contractile (i.e. sarcomeric) cytoskeleton that consists of filamentous actin-myosin arrays organized into myofibrils, and the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton, which is composed of β- and γ-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Together, microtubules and intermediate filaments form a cross-linked scaffold, and these networks are responsible for the delivery of intracellular cargo, the transmission of mechanical signals, the shaping of membrane systems, and the organization of myofibrils and organelles. Microtubules are extensively altered as part of both adaptive and pathological cardiac remodeling, which has diverse ramifications for the structure and function of the cardiomyocyte. In heart failure, the proliferation and post-translational modification of the microtubule network is linked to a number of maladaptive processes, including the mechanical impediment of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. This raises the possibility that reversing microtubule alterations could improve cardiac performance, yet therapeutic efforts will strongly benefit from a deeper understanding of basic microtubule biology in the heart. The aim of this review is to summarize the known physiological roles of the cardiomyocyte microtubule network, the consequences of its pathological remodeling, and to highlight the open and intriguing questions regarding cardiac microtubules.

Impact statement

Advancements in cell biological and biophysical approaches and super-resolution imaging have greatly broadened our view of tubulin biology over the last decade. In the heart, microtubules and microtubule-based transport help to organize and maintain key structures within the cardiomyocyte, including the sarcomere, intercalated disc, protein clearance machinery and transverse-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. It has become increasingly clear that post translational regulation of microtubules is a key determinant of their sub-cellular functionality. Alterations in microtubule network density, stability, and post-translational modifications are hallmarks of pathological cardiac remodeling, and modified microtubules can directly impede cardiomyocyte contractile function in various forms of heart disease. This review summarizes the functional roles and multi-leveled regulation of the cardiac microtubule cytoskeleton and highlights how refined experimental techniques are shedding mechanistic clarity on the regionally specified roles of microtubules in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Correlation between hemolytic profile and phylotype of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and orthopedic implant infection
Authors: Lee Julia , Greenwood Quaintance Kerryl E , Schuetz Audrey N , Shukla Dave R , Cofield Robert H , Sperling John W , Patel Robin , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Cutibacterium acnes is a recognized culprit for implant-associated infections, but positive cultures do not always indicate clinically relevant infection. Studies have shown a correlation between the β-hemolytic phenotype of C. acnes and its infectious capacity, but correlation with genetic phylotype has not been performed in literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate β-hemolysis phenotype, genetic phylotype, and mid-term clinical outcomes of C. acnes isolated from orthopedic surgical sites.

Methods

Fifty-four C. acnes isolates previously obtained from surgical wounds of patients undergoing hip, knee, shoulder, or spine implant removal were re-cultured. There were 21 females and 33 males with an average age of 59 years (range, 18–84). Twenty-four were from clinically infected sites whereas 30 were considered contaminants. De novo β-hemolysis was analyzed and a retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate clinical outcomes at 7.1 years (range, 0.1–12.8).

Results

On Brucella agar with 5% rabbit blood, 46% of contaminant and 43% of infectious isolates were hemolytic. Type II phylotype was significantly more nonhemolytic regardless of infectious or contaminant status (p < 0.05). Type 1B correlated with a hemolytic-infectious phenotype and Type 1A with a hemolytic-contaminant phenotype but was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The β-hemolytic profile of C. acnes did not correlate with phylotype or clinically relevant orthopedic infection.
A cadaveric study of the three different palpation-guided techniques for glenohumeral joint injections
Authors: Borbas Paul , Eid Karim , Ek Eugene T , Ricks Matthew , Feigl Georg , Jeserschek Julian M
Published: August 2019

Background

It is not known whether an anterior, posterior or superior approach using the Neviaser portal is more accurate for glenohumeral joint injections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the palpation-guided technique and compare the three different approaches.

Methods

Palpation-guided glenohumeral joint injections were performed in 48 shoulders (24 cadavers) by two operators. Each shoulder was injected by three different approaches with a different coloured latex solution. The three approaches included the anterior, posterior and superior methods. The accuracy and location of unsuccessful injections were assessed through dissection of the shoulders.

Results

Posterior injections were the most successful with an accuracy rate of 89.6%, followed by anterior injections (75%) and superior injections (54.2%). Both posterior ( p = 0.0001) and anterior injections ( p = 0.03) were statistically significantly more accurate than superior injections. The most common failure mode was an intratendinous or intramuscular injection, which occurred most frequently with a superior approach.

Conclusions

Use of a superior approach through the Neviaser portal for the palpation-guided technique for glenohumeral joint injections showed a statistically significant inferior accuracy when compared to both the posterior and anterior approaches and is therefore not recommended. Posterior approached injections were the most accurate.
Using Data to Tell Your School Health Story
Authors: Wysocki Regina , Maughan Erin D.
Published: August 2019

The beginning of a new school year provides an opportunity to share with teachers and principals how you, as the school nurse, support student learning. Presenting data, whether via an Excel spreadsheet, PowerPoint presentation, or handout is vital to telling your students’ story. While often we talk about compiling data for year-end reports, you can share your data anytime. Data can be used to articulate the complexity of students’ health and where needs exist. Presenting your data is a way to advocate for your students and describe your role as the school nurse. There are several questions to think about when preparing a data presentation: Who is your audience? What information are you presenting? How are you going to tell the story? And finally, why is this important? This article will provide tips on conveying your data-driven message to the audience with minimal effort, utilizing digital tools the 21st century school nurse is already familiar with.
Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of KEYNOTE-087
Authors: Chen Robert , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Lee Hun Ju , Armand Philippe , Johnson Nathalie A. , Brice Pauline , Radford John , Ribrag Vincent , Molin Daniel , Vassilakopoulos Theodoros P. , Tomita Akihiro , von Tresckow Bastian , Shipp Margaret A. , Lin Jianxin , Kim Eunhee , Nahar Akash , Balakumaran Arun , Moskowitz Craig H.
Published: August 2019

Chen and colleagues report excellent durability of response at 2 years for patients responding to pembrolizumab for relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma.
Review of crosshole ground-penetrating radar full-waveform inversion of experimental data: Recent developments, challenges, and pitfalls
Authors: Klotzsche Anja , Vereecken Harry , van der Kruk Jan
Published: August 2019

Heterogeneous small-scale high-contrast layers and spatial variabilities of soil properties can have a large impact on flow and transport processes in the critical zone. Because their characterization is difficult and critical, high-resolution methods are required. Standard ray-based approaches for imaging the subsurface consider only a small amount of the measured data and suffer from limited resolution. In contrast, full-waveform inversion (FWI) considers the full information content of the measured data and could yield higher resolution images in the subwavelength scale. In the past few decades, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) FWI and its application to experimental data have matured, which makes GPR FWI an established approach to significantly improve resolution. Several theoretical developments were achieved to improve the application to experimental data from crosshole GPR FWI. We have determined the necessary steps to perform FWI for experimental data to obtain reliable and reproducible high-resolution images. We concentrate on experimental crosshole GPR data from a test site in Switzerland to illustrate the challenges of applying FWI to experimental data and discuss the obtained results for different development steps including possible pitfalls. Thereby, we acknowledge out the importance of a correct time-zero correction of the data, the estimation of the effective source wavelet, and the effect of the choice of starting models. The reliability of the FWI results is investigated by analyzing the fit of the measured and modeled traces, the remaining gradients of the final models, and validating with independently measured logging data. Thereby, we found that special care needs to be taken to define the optimal inversion parameters to avoid overshooting of the inversion or truncation errors.
Testosterone and Estrone Increase From the Age of 70 Years: Findings From the Sex Hormones in Older Women Study
Authors: Davis Susan R , Bell Robin J , Robinson Penelope J , Handelsman David J , Gilbert Tom , Phung James , Desai Reena , Lockery Jessica E , Woods Robyn L , Wolfe Rory S , Reid Christopher M , Nelson Mark R , Murray Anne M , McNeil John J ,   ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: August 2019

Context

There is a lack of understanding of what is normal in terms of sex steroid levels in older women.

Objective

To determine whether sex steroid levels vary with age in and establish reference ranges for women >70 years of age.

Design and Setting

Cross-sectional, community-based study.

Participants

Included 6392 women ≥70 years of age.

Main Outcome Measures

Sex steroids measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A reference group, to establish sex steroid age-specific reference ranges, excluded women using systemic or topical sex steroid, antiandrogen or glucocorticoid therapy, or an antiglycemic agent.

Results

The reference group of 5326 women had a mean age of 75.1 (±4.2) years, range of 70 to 94.7 years. Median values (range) were 181.2 pmol/L (3.7 to 5768.9) for estrone (E1), 0.38 nmol/L (0.035 to 8.56) for testosterone (T), 2.60 nmol/L (0.07 to 46.85) for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and 41.6 nmol/L (2.4 to 176.6) for SHBG. Estradiol and DHT were below method sensitivity in 66.1% and 72.7% of the samples, respectively. Compared with women aged 70 to 74 years, women aged ≥85 years had higher median levels of E1 (11.7%, P = 0.01), T (11.3%, P = 0.02), and SHBG (22.7%, P < 0.001) and lower DHEA (30% less, P < 0.001). Women with overweight and obesity had higher E1 (P < 0.001) and T (P < 0.03) and lower SHBG (P < 0.001) than did women with normal body mass index. Smokers had 17.2% higher median T levels (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

From the age of 70 years, T and E1 increase with age, despite a steady decline in DHEA. Whether E1 and T are biomarkers for longevity or contribute to healthy aging merits investigation.
Medicaid Use among Older Low-Income Medicare Enrollees in California and Texas: A Tale of Two States
Authors: Angel Jacqueline L. , Angel Ronald J. , Cantu Phillip
Published: August 2019

Context: States face increasing Medicaid expenditures largely as a result of growing dual-eligible populations. In this article we examine self-reported community-based Medicaid participation among Medicare recipients 65 and older in California and Texas, with a particular focus on the older Mexican-origin population.

Methods: We use six waves of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (H-EPESE) covering the period from 1993–94 to 2010–11.

Findings: The data reveal relatively high Medicaid participation rates by older individuals of Mexican origin, but significant differences between the two states. At baseline, 30% of older Mexican-origin Medicare beneficiaries in California reported receiving Medicaid compared to 41% in Texas.

Conclusions: Despite California's more liberal eligibility criteria, community-dwelling Texans were more likely than Californians to report coverage at some point during the 17-year follow-up. Our data, as well as administrative data, reveal that California classifies nearly all of its community-dwelling Medicaid recipients as “full duals,” meaning that they receive full benefits, whereas Texas is more likely to classify similarly poor and disabled individuals as “partial duals,” meaning that they receive less coverage, thereby lowering overall program expenditures. Cost containment strategies that restrict access may be especially consequential for vulnerable Hispanic populations.
PI3Kβ is selectively required for growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis
Authors: Salloum Gilbert , Jakubik Charles T. , Erami Zahra , Heitz Samantha D. , Bresnick Anne R. , Backer Jonathan M.
Published: August 2019

Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent but clathrin-independent endocytic process by which cells nonselectively take up large aliquots of extracellular material. Macropinocytosis is used for immune surveillance by dendritic cells, as a route of infection by viruses and protozoa, and as a nutrient uptake pathway in tumor cells. In this study, we explore the role of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) during ligand-stimulated macropinocytosis. We find that macropinocytosis in response to receptor tyrosine kinase activation is strikingly dependent on a single class I PI3K isoform, namely PI3Kβ (containing the p110β catalytic subunit encoded by PIK3CB). Loss of PI3Kβ expression or activity blocks macropinocytosis at early steps, before the formation of circular dorsal ruffles, but also plays a role in later steps, downstream from Rac1 activation. PI3Kβ is also required for the elevated levels of constitutive macropinocytosis found in tumor cells that are defective for the PTEN tumor suppressor. Our data shed new light on PI3K signaling during macropinocytosis, and suggest new therapeutic uses for pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kβ.
БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ
Authors: Moros Elena Fyodorovna
Published: August 2019

Целью статьи является обоснование необходимости разработки нового научного направления в системе национальной безопасности, это безопасности в сфере образования, которое позволит сформировать потенциал устойчивости сознания граждан страны по отношению к внешним агрессивным воздействиям в данное время и на перспективу. В ходе исследования автор ориентируется на социально-философский подход к исследованию системы образования в контексте необходимости обеспечения национальной безопасности. Автор видит свою задачу в формировании концепции национальной безопасности системы образования и предлагает ввести термин «безопасность системы образования» как важный аспект национальной безопасности России. Так как именно система образования обеспечивает качество подготовки человека к достойной жизни, а также образует необходимый интеллектуальный и практический потенциал населения страны, который способен обеспечивать все стороны национальной безопасности нашей страны, что и определяет проблему безопасности образования.Метод или методология проведения работы осуществляется на применении общенаучных методов (анализа и синтеза, сравнения, обобщения), системного подхода.Область применения результатов при принятии соответствующих решений при составлении программы национальной безопасности РФ, для разработки программ учебных дисциплин связанных с подготовкой кадров образовательных и управленческих направлений.
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ СЕРФИНГ МОЛОДЕЖИ КАК ФАКТОР СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ СУБЪЕКТНОСТИ: СОЦИАЛЬНО-ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ФОРСАЙТА
Authors: Simonova Irina Alexandrovna , Boyko Anna Dmitrievna
Published: August 2019

Актуальность работы обуславливается недостаточной изученностью феномена социального серфинга и его контекстуального влияния на становление гражданской субъектности на фоне релевантности данной стратегии в молодежной среде. Общая задача данной работы – анализ некоторых результатов форсайта становления гражданской субъектности молодежи в условиях социального серфинга.Цель – социально-философская оценка рисков и возможностей социального серфинга, в том числе для становления гражданской субъектности в России, на основании результатов форсайта. Методология форсайта, проведенного в 2018 г. в Екатеринбурге, представляет собой адаптацию «Быстрого форсайта» (Rapid Foresight). Результаты показали потенциал социального серфинга для становления гражданственности в сферах политики, образования, IT-технологий и личностного развития, который может быть реализован в случае работы с молодежью в логике децентрализации. Выводы соответствуют современным социально-философским концепциям (множественность, гетерархия, социальный интеллект, мобильность). Выявленные риски связаны с попытками централизовать молодежные активности, что приведет к росту формализма и отчуждению части молодежного контингента.
ЛИМИНАЛЬНЫЕ ФОРМЫ РИТУАЛА: ОТ РЕЛИГИОЗНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ К РЕЛИГИОЗНОМУ ОПЫТУ
Authors: Sobolev Yuri Victorovich
Published: August 2019

В статье рассматривается феномен ритуала, понимаемый в качестве основы религиозной деятельности. В качестве базовой теории предлагается символическая теория ритуала антрополога В. Тёрнера. Акцентировав ритуально-архитектонические состояния общественной жизни, объясняется механика посредством введение таких понятий-форм как коммунитарность и лиминальность. Особое внимание уделено лиминальным формам ритуала – формам «состояния перехода», «пороговости». Фиксируется, что возникая в период общественного или религиозного кризиса, лиминальные формы переживают свой расцвет, а затем или уходят с арены истории, или остаются запечатлёнными в ней, транслируемые и культивируемые её носителями. Методология работы представлена текстологическим, концептуальным и сравнительным анализом. Результируется, что диалектизм религиозной деятельности выражен в двух формах ритуала: структурной и коммунитарной; лиминарии выступают в качестве религиозного авангарда, оставаясь при этом дистанцированными от неё; аккумулированный духовный опыт лиминариев распространяется в эгалитарной (коммунитарной среде) путём непосредственного общения, в обществе структуры – в обобщённом теоретическом виде. Данные исследования могут быть использованы при философском и теологическом анализе ритуальной культуры. Практическая ценность исследования заключается в возможности включения результатов исследования в занятия по философии, религиоведению, антропологии и теологии.
КРИТИКА ЛИБЕРАЛЬНО-ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗУМА. ДЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ ДЖ. РОЛЗА В СВЕТЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ БЕЖЕНЦЕВ
Authors: Fomin Konstantin Valeryevich
Published: August 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена ограничениям деонтологической теории в связи с проблемой политической интеграции беженцев. В качестве предмета анализа выступает теория справедливости Дж. Ролза. Целью статьи является демонстрация постмаркситской теории справедливости как более эффективного инструмента в процессе политической интеграции беженцев.Метод или методология проведения исследования. Основу исследования составляют критический, исторический и компаративистский методы.Результаты. Автором были проанализированы философские предпосылки теории справедливости Дж. Ролза. К ним относится: правоцентричный характер теории, помещение в основание договора абстрактного права на равенство, политический характер поздней теории. Далее в статье описываются нормативные ограничения теории справедливости последнего, связанные с процессом политической интеграции: непроясненность отношений между правами человека и гражданскими правами; формальная трактовка равенства; трактовка политики как процесса согласования интересов. Автор представляет очерк постмаркситской теории справедливости. В конце статьи демонстрируется потенциал этой теории в разрешении проблемы политической интеграции беженцев.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при разработке учебных курсов по социальной и политической философии.
Ormianie polscy w Besarabii
Authors: Ber Jakub
Published: August 2019

Polish Armenians in BessarabiaPolish Armenians used to settle in Bessarabia since the early years of Russian rule in this province (after 1812). Initially their activities focused on the lease of land, rearing cattle and its export to Austria. In the second half of the 19th century the wealthiest representatives of these people (families such as Antoniewicz, Demianowicz, Negrusz, Ohanowicz, Szymonowicz) managed to accumulate considerable capital, owing to which they managed to purchase and acquire ownership of great estates in northern Bessarabia. The circumstances of their rise in economic status were a source of controversy and they were strictly associated with the problem of the estates of foreign religious orders. The peak of the influence of Polish Armenians in Bessarabia was associated with the final two decades of Russian rule in that province i.e. the turn of the 20th century. In this context, the figure of Antoni Demianowicz was crucial. He was a deputy during all four terms of the Russian State Duma and one of the principal Bessarabian politicians of this period. The outbreak of the Russian revolution put an end to the “golden age” of the Polish Armenians in Bessarabia, whose fate was sealed by the Romanian agricultural reform of 1920 and the deep crisis which struck this province in the inter-war period.
Is That West of Us Still the West?
Authors: Armada Paweł
Published: August 2019

The article takes up the concept of “Central Eastern Europe” only to show that it makes sense if we can reshape our political imagination. What is crucial is our perception of the West which now is based on intellectual assumptions about the continuity of Western civilization. Rather, we should reflect on the role of discontinuity as the key to contemporary politics or, more broadly, to modernity. To explain this possibility, the Humanists’ (Irving Babbitt’s and Paul Elmer More’s, preceded by Thomas Hulme’s) approach is briefly surveyed, with special reference to the question of civilization vs. barbarism as the most relevant, or most urgent, distinction in the modern world. The main message is that we, the “Central Eastern Europeans,” are very much in need of political realism. This ought to be, however, a type of realism based on profound philosophical insight, like that of the Humanists.
The Uncertain Revival of Central Europe
Authors: Schmidt Andrea
Published: August 2019

The recent crisis the European Union had to face raised the question it there still exists a cleavage that divides the “old Europe” from the Eastern regions. The phenomenon, Central Europe can be examined from the historical, cultural, geographic and political perspective searching for the answer, how many parts the European continent can be divided into. Accepting the tripartite division, this “middle” position had various roles in the historical context. The aim of the paper is to investigate the changes in the perception of this special position based mostly on the works of Hungarian researchers. Analysing their thoughts, it is also our intention to examine the Central European concept and to point how this region was searching for its position during the system change, and what additional meaning was given to this region from the 1980s to nowadays. In order to extend the investigation, this paper also focuses on the problem whether Central Europe serves as a historical reference point losing its importance with the European integration, or if it can serve as an obstacle in the deepening of the European integration.
APRESENTAÇÃO - CIDADES DO PORTAL
Authors: Santos Janio
Published: August 2019

A Revista Sitientibus é uma publicação da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, editada desde 1982, que objetiva a ampla divulgação da ciência em suas variadas áreas. Este número, em particular, dedica-se aos estudos sobre alguns espaços urbanos do Portal do Sertão e reúne textos das áreas da Geografia e do Planejamento urbano, centrados na reflexão sobre a urbanização e suas implicações na produção do espaço urbano nesse Território de Identidade.
The screenplay as boundary object
Authors: Davies Rosamund
Published: August 2019

Described by Pasolini as a ‘structure that wants to be another structure’, the question of what kind of thing-in-itself the screenplay might be has produced a range of answers. Screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière has used the metaphor of the chrysalis – of vital importance in the process of the caterpillar’s metamorphosis into a butterfly – but useless and empty once the butterfly, or film, has emerged. Film scholar Claudia Sternberg has considered the screenplay’s status as a ‘second rank’ text, in relation to the ‘first rank’ film performance. The idea of the screenplay as blueprint is common. Meanwhile, scholars (e.g. Maras, Millard, Price) have raised issues with such definitions, pointing out their limitations. In this article, I propose the notion of the ‘boundary object’ as a useful way of thinking about the role and nature of the screenplay within the development and production of a screen narrative. My starting point is sociologist Susan Leigh Star’s concept of the boundary object, defined as an object that allows different individuals or groups with heterogeneous skills, knowledge and interests to cooperate towards a common goal by creating a ‘shared space’, situated at the boundaries between their habitual spheres of practice. I propose that, avoiding the problems inherent in an analogy such as the blueprint, the concept of the boundary object offers a useful starting point for understanding and analysing the role of the screenplay in audio-visual production.
Influences on story development in transnational pan-Arab dramas: A case study of the series 04
Authors: Haddad Fadi G.
Published: August 2019

Despite the growing research interest in the transnational nature of the Arab World’s television industry, screenwriting in the Arab World has received little academic attention. Moreover, while the media plays a major role in shaping the ‘narratives of identity’, the reality of television drama production is as much about cultural, economic and political influences as it is about aesthetics. Set within a unique interpretation of the theoretical context of the ‘Hierarchy of Influences Model’, this article aims to explore to what extent the routine practices in screenwriting govern the artistic decisions taken at the level of the screenplay development of transnational pan-Arab dramas (Arabic: al-drāma al ‘arabiya al-mushtaraka). Taking ‘04’ (Zero Four) as a case study, a pan-Arab drama produced by the Saudi-owned UAE-based MBC television that tells the story of four young expatriates from four different Arab nationalities living in modern-day Dubai, and through in-depth interviews with the show creators, the article attempts to present an example of novel screenwriting practices in the Arab World between single authors and writers’ room.
Predestination: Uncanny (mis)recognition, science fiction and ‘home movie’ moments
Authors: Baker Djoymi
Published: August 2019

This article uses the science fiction film Predestination (Spierig Brothers, 2014) to examine the combined role of sound and image in the subjective ‘home movie moment’. Vivian Sobchack argues that even within a fiction film, an audience member might recognize a familiar location, momentarily pulling them out of a fictional engagement with the screen text and instead facilitating an engagement more aligned with that of a home movie. Given Sobchack’s interest in phenomenology, it is noticeable that she focuses exclusively on the cinematic image in this particular work. I argue that liminal blurring can occur between modes of engagement, triggered by both image and sound. In Predestination, the puzzle narrative that colludes with the uncanny voice is paralleled by the way that the sights and sounds of Melbourne facilitate uncanny home movie moments, shot through with science fictional estrangement.
Isotopo egonkorrak elikadura eta mugikortasun ikerketetan: Erdi Aroko zenbait aztarnategiren kasuak
Authors: Guede Iranzu , Alonso-Olazabal Ainhoa , Zuluaga Maria Cruz , Ortega Luis Angel
Published: August 2019

Gizakien hezur eta hortzetan neurtutako isotopo-erlazioak (87Sr/86Sr, δ13C, δ15N eta δ18O)antzinako gizakien elikadura eta mugikortasun-ereduak berreraikitzeko erabiltzen dira. Gizakien elikaduraren berri izateko, gizaki eta faunaren hezurretik lortutako kolagenoan karbono eta nitrogeno isotopoen analisiak egiten dira. Gainera, gizaki eta animalien mugikortasunari buruzko informazioa lortzeko, hezur eta hortzetan neurtutako estrontzio eta oxigenoen isotopo-erlazioak erabiltzen dira. Isotopo hauek duten aplikazioa ikusteko Erdi Aroko hiru aztarnategiren emaitzak deskribatuko dira, Momoitioko San Juan (Bizkaia), Tauste (Zaragoza) eta Las Gobasekoak (Trebiñuko Konderria), hain zuzen ere.
News
Authors: Hebert Kirsten
Published: August 2019

News about the activites of the Optometric Historical Society and the Archives & Museum of Optometry.
Genealogy of a Mission
Authors: Hebert Kirsten
Published: August 2019

The Optometric HIstorical Society (OHS) was one of many similar public history organizations created during the third wave of the preservation movement in the United States. This article traces the genealogy of the OHS mission through American heritage resource law and delineates the social and political context that lead to its passage.
"A Splendid Thing"
Authors: Handley Neil
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the origins of the British Optical Association Museum and how it increased in prominence. Its value for matters such as historical research, pride of possession of members, publicity, recognition of the status of the profession, and demonstration of the long and distinguished history of the profession are examined. The arguments in support of the museum in the first half of the twentieth century by John Hamer Sutcliffe, and later his protégé George Giles, are highlighted.
Analisis Perkuatan Timbunan Di Atas Tanah Lunak Menggunakan Dinding Turap dengan Pendekatan Model Numerik
Authors: Hamdhan Indra Noer , Iskandar Fauziah Fitriani
Published: August 2019

Embankment on soft clay may be affect settlement at subgrade, causing lateral deformation and vertical deformation around embankment. Therefore, reinforcement is needed to overcome the effects caused of the embankment. This research was conducted to find out the influence of sheet pile wall of embankment using PLAXIS 2D program based the finite element method. The analysis was done by varying of two condition, they are installation of sheet pile wall under the embankment and the sheet pile wall outside embankment. Sheet pile wall installation is carried out before embankment construction and length of sheet pile wall in this model is 15 m. The soil layers beneath the embankment consist of 10 m layer of soft clay layer and 5 m of sand layer. The height of embankment in this analysis is 8 m, where the constructing of the embankment was done in stages. The distance of sheet pile wall position under embankment from toe of embankment are -9 m, -6 m, -3 m, 0 m, 3 m dan 6 m. The results of analysis show the effective position for displacement are toe of embankment. The Installation of sheet pile walls below the embankment will reducing deformation up to 78% and the safety factor will increase up to 10%.
Kualitas Beton SCC dengan Substitusi Agregat Halus Tailing Tambang Emas Daerah Pongkor
Authors: Amalia Amalia , Riyadi Muhtarom
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the results of self compacting concrete (SCC) with water cement ratio 0.30 with four variations of tailings, ie 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. Superplastisizer used is a type Naptha 511P of PT.Karya Naptha Belide. The results showed that (1) The use of tailings as fine aggregate in concrete SCC, has good workability. The fresh concrete that uses tailings, passing ability and filling ability is decrease. The use of tailings up to 15% of eligible properties filling ability and passing ability of SCC, (2) The more tailings used in SCC, setting time of concrete becomes longer, (3) Concrete with tailings as fine aggregate have unit weight is smaller than the concrete with fine aggregate sand, (4) Concrete with tailings has higher compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than concrete without tailings, (5)The use of tailings in concrete can lower tensile strength of concrete, (6)The optimum replacement of tailing found to be 10% in the concrete.
Model Hubungan Kapasitas Rekatan Balok Beton Bertulang yang Diperkuat GFRP-S terhadap Lama Perendaman Air Laut
Authors: Sultan Mufti Amir , Djamluddin Rudy
Published: August 2019

The construction of structures with reinforced concrete materials in coastal environments will face constraints in the form of chloride influences which can lead to a decrease in strength and even damage. One of the most popular reinforcement methods today is using a corrosion resistant Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material. This study was conducted to investigate the behavior of GFRP-S rectifying capacity in reinforced concrete beam reinforcement in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The test specimens consist of 10 reinforced beams with dimensions (15x20x330) cm that has been reinforced with GFRP-S in the bending area. Beams without immersion symbolized B0, immersion 1, 3, 6, and 12 months each given symbols B1, B3, B6 and B12. The test specimen is loaded statically until it fails. To record the data when testing is installed strain gauge and LVDT. From the result of the research, it can be seen that there is a decrease of GFRP-S rectification capacity in the test specimen after soaking in seawater. The value of the decrease in the capacity of the bonding can be predicted by using the equation
Perilaku Runtuh Balok Beton Bertulang dengan Sengkang Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)
Authors: Sudarsana I Ketut , Deskarta Putu , Sanjaya Putu Chandra Wira
Published: August 2019

The use of Welded Wire fabric (WWF) has been widely tested and proven to behave very well as stirrups in a column, but its behavior has not been widely known when used on beams. This research was conducted to evaluate the behavior of beams with stirrup reinforcement of WWF M4 grid. A total of nine beam specimens with dimensions of 330mm x 180mm x 1500mm were made and tested under monotonic loading until failure loads with three variations of stirrup, where each variation was made of three beam specimens and four concrete cylinders. The concrete was a ready mix concrete with an average compressive strength of 22,875 kN at 28 days. Beams were tested on simply supported with two concentrated loads at a distance of 500 mm from each support. The loads was applied incrementally and the middle span deflections were recorded for each increase in loads. The test results show that the stirrups of WWF M4 grid on beam specimens can increase the shear capacity, stiffness and control the occurrence of the first inclined crack. When compared to conventional stirrups (BJTP ∅ 6mm), beams with WWF M4 stirrups show better behavior.
Kajian Penentuan Tarif Bus Trans Koetaradja berdasarkan Ability to Pay (ATP) dan Willingness to Pay (WTP)
Authors: Anggraini Renni , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Caisarina Irin , Ahlan Muhammad , Rahmani Dhuyufur , Jalil Erlinawati
Published: August 2019

Trans Koetaradja bus is managed by the government of Aceh Province to improve the urban public transport system. In order to appeal people to use this bus, the local government provides subsidy and applies the free fare, until today. It is expected that, when the subsidy is revoked in a few years ahead, people will get accustomed to use this bus. This research was conducted to observe public perceptions on the desired fare through ability to pay (ATP) and willingness to pay (WTP) analysis. Primary data was collected by doing survey over distributing questionnaires to the citizen. The bus corridors observed were on corridors I, III, and IV. The results showed that, the ATP-WTP of students were above the operator’s proposed tariff for all corridors. However, to attract those students to use the bus, it is recommended that the operator's proposed tariff (IDR 2,000 for each corridor) should be applied. For the general public category (PNS/TNI/Polri, Private Employees, Housewives, and other communities), the proposed tariff for each corridors were in between the average value of ATP-WTP. In that sense, tariff determination can be applied based on the average WTP value. However, the operator's proposed tariff for the public is still also feasible, subject to improving the level of services.
Aquisição e filtragem de sinais de ECG com Raspberry Pi e conversor AD
Authors: Pinho Nielson da Silva , Gomes Diego de Azevedo , Lima Diorge de Souza
Published: August 2019

O eletrocardiograma (ECG) avalia a atividade elétrica do coração, e pode ser utilizado para avaliar se a atividade cardíaca está dentro da normalidade ou se há alterações nos músculos e nervos do coração. O ECG consiste na gravação do sinal elétrico gerado pela atividade cardíaca, no entanto quando esse sinal é gravado está sujeito a diversas interferências que causa variação na amplitude e/ou duração do sinal, levando a erros de diagnóstico. Para evitar essas interferências são utilizadas várias técnicas de filtragem, para este fim propomos um sistema de aquisição do sinal de ECG juntamente com uma filtragem digital. O sistema proposto utiliza um Raspberry Pi modelo B para fazer a filtragem digital, no qual implementamos um filtro digital passa-baixas com frequência de corte em 100 Hz do tipo Resposta ao Impulso Finita (RIF), utilizamos ainda uma janela de Hamming. Fizemos uma comparação entre o sinal filtrado e o sinal antes da filtragem e percebemos uma redução significativa na variabilidade do sinal, rendendo assim uma curva mais suave, dessa forma mostrando que foram eliminadas componentes de alta frequência.
Caracterização estrutural e morfológica de compostos químicos para produção vítrea
Authors: Novais Andréa Ferreira , Lima Antonio Paulo Pereira , Santos Arlan Rodrigo da Silva , Bezerra Rodrigo Rangel Ribeiro , Ferreira Fernanda Carla de Lima , Souza Divanizia do Nascimento
Published: August 2019

No presente trabalho foram realizadas medidas de Difração de Raios X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva (EED) em óxido de alumínio (Al2O3), carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) e nitrato de prata (AgNO3). O difratograma do Al2O3 revelou a fase α ou corindo, a fase observada no CaCO3 foi a calcita, e no AgNO3 foram observadas as fases relacionadas a prata. Todos os difratogramas estudados apresentaram planos cristalinos. A imagem do Al2O3, obtida por MEV revelou a presença de aglomerados e uma morfologia formada por plaquetas hexagonais, no CaCO3 foi observada uma estrutura com forma romboédrica-hexagonal eno AgNO3 uma morfologia elipsoidal. A análise de EED realizada no Al2O3 mostrou a presença de alumínio e oxigênio, no CaCO3 foi observado cálcio, carbono e oxigênio. As análises de EED realizadas nas amostras investigadas revelaram compostos livres de impurezas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, caracterizar os compostos químicos que serão utilizados na produção de diferentes espécimes vítreas para aplicações dosimétricas.
Experimento para visualização das linhas de campo elétrico
Authors: Moraes Israel Peixoto , Alves Rudrisley , De Novais Erico Raimundo Pereira
Published: August 2019

O método experimental é sem dúvida uma metodologia de ensino eficiente no aprendizado. Porém, equipamentos didáticos, em geral, são caros para a realidade das escolas públicas brasileiras. Soma-se a isso, a carência de equipamentos capazes de demonstrar o fenômeno do campo elétrico, assim os professores de Física são obrigados a utilizar a abstração no ensino desse fenômeno. Com base nesse fato, o presente trabalho produziu um equipamento de baixo custo e fácil montagem para visualização das linhas de campo elétrico. Em seguida, aplicou-se o experimento em uma turma do Mestrado Nacional Profissional em Ensino de Física (MNPEP) polo UNIFESSPA, no qual todos os mestrados são professores dos níveis fundamental e médio. Assim, em uma análise qualitativa da turma, os mestrandos afirmaram compreender melhor o fenômeno e que este experimento de linhas de campo pode ser utilizado nas escolas de níveis fundamentais e médio.