bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural impediments to frank communication regarding end-of-life care between older nursing home residents and their family members in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Authors: Lee Hsin-Tzu Sophie , Yang Chia-Ling , Leu Sei-Ven , Hu Wen-Yu
Published: December 2022

Background

When older nursing home residents and their families are faced with end-of-life care decisions in Taiwan, they make them in the context of traditional cultural norms and socioeconomic changes. Both parties (residents and their family members) are often unwilling to broach the topic, leading to a decisional impasse. The aim of this study was to understand difficult-to-raise issues related to end-of-life care by investigating the perspectives of older nursing home residents and their family members.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study was conducted using content analysis based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants, and sampling continued until data saturation. Data were collected using semi structured interviews, and related analyses were conducted using an inductive approach.

Results

Ten residents and twelve family members were interviewed individually. Six main themes were identified: (1) the inevitability of a goodbye; (2) a good death; (3) going with or against traditional culture; (4) better a good death than a bad life; (5) abiding by the residents’ decisions; and (6) being willing but unable to take care of residents.

Conclusion

Nursing home residents and their family members’ thoughts on end-of-life care shifted toward the concept of a good death, and they even regarded death as a form of liberation. Health care providers may serve as mediators to counsel a resident and their family members separately, enabling them to speak up and understand each other’s thoughts on end-of-life care before a decision is made so that neither party has regrets.
Assessing public–private procurement practices for medical commodities in Dar Es Salaam: a situation analysis
Authors: Mbwasi Romuald , Mbepera Denis , Mfuko William , Makanzo Jason , Kikwale Martha , Canavan Robert , Stoermer Manfred , Wiedenmayer Karin
Published: December 2022

Background

In Tanzania, the Medical Stores Department is the principal pharmaceutical provider to public health facilities throughout the country. However, growing demand from health facilities has proved difficult to satisfy and stock-outs at health facilities are frequent. The aim of the current study was to conduct a situation analysis of the procedures and practices of procuring medicines and medical supplies from private suppliers in the Dar es Salaam region when those commodities are unavailable at the Medical Stores Department.

Methods

A mixed-method approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied to understand procurement procedures and practices and private suppliers’ performance at district level. Qualitative interviews with suppliers and district authorities, and a review of inventory documents at store level was conducted between February and March 2018. The quantitative approach included a review and analyses of relevant procurement documents from the 2016/2017 financial year to explore the funds used to procure health commodities from the private sector. The ten most frequently mandated private suppliers were assessed in more detail focusing on cost, quality and availability of medicines and lead times and delivery.

Results

A lack of consistency and written guidelines for procuring medicines and medical supplies from the private sector was observed. The procurement process was bureaucratic and lengthy requiring multiple steps between health facilities, suppliers and district authorities. A significant number of people were involved requiring a minimum of 13 signatures and 16 steps from order preparation to approval.

Only 17 of 77 prequalified private suppliers received orders from public health facilities. The criteria for choosing which supplier to use were unclear. Completed orders amounted to USD 663,491. The bureaucratic process drove councils and healthcare facilities towards alternative ways to procure health commodities when Medical Stores Department stock-outs occurred.

Conclusion

The procurement procedure outside the Medical Stores Department is inefficient and cumbersome, often circumventing government regulations. General lack of accountability renders the process susceptible to leakage of funds and medicines. Increasing the transparency and efficiency of procurement procedures from the private sector with a prime vendor system would help to better manage Medical Stores Department stock-outs and help improve health care services overall.
Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study
Authors: Tran Ha V. , Filipowicz Teresa R. , Landrum Kelsey R. , Nong Ha T. T. , Tran Thuy T. T. , Pence Brian W. , Go Vivian F. , Le Giang M. , Nguyen Minh X. , Verhey Ruth , Chibanda Dixon , Ho Hien T. , Gaynes Bradley N.
Published: December 2022

Background

Stigma around human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), injection drug use (IDU), and mental health disorders can be co-occurring and have different impacts on the well-being of people living with HIV (PWH) who use drugs and have mental health disorders. This stigma can come from society, health professionals, and internalized stigma. A person who has more than one health condition can experience overlapping health-related stigma and levels of stigma which can prevent them from receiving necessary support and healthcare, serving to intensify their experience with stigma. This study investigates HIV, drug use, and mental health stigmas in three dimensions (social, internalized, and professional) around PWH on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) who have common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam.Please check and confirm whether corresponding author's email id is correctly identified.The cooresponding author's email is correct

Methods

We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews (IDIs) (n = 21) and two focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 10) with PWH receiving MMT who have CMD symptoms, their family members, clinic health care providers, and clinic directors. We applied thematic analysis using NVIVO software version 12.0, with themes based on IDI and FGD guides and emergent themes from interview transcripts.

Results

The study found evidence of different stigmas towards HIV, IDU, and CMDs from the community, family, health care providers, and participants themselves. Community and family members were physically and emotionally distant from patients due to societal stigma around illicit drug use and fears of acquiring HIV. Participants often conflated stigmas around drug use and HIV, referring to these stigmas interchangeably. The internalized stigma around having HIV and injecting drugs made PWH on MMT hesitant to seek support for CMDs. These stigmas compounded to negatively impact participants’ health.

Conclusions

Strategies to reduce stigma affecting PWH on MMT should concurrently address stigmas around HIV, drug addiction, and mental health. Future studies could explore approaches to address internalized stigma to improve self-esteem, mental health, and capacities to cope with stigma for PWH on MMT.

Trial registration: NCT04790201, available at clinicaltrials.gov.
Is VATS approach suitable in re-operations for postoperative hemothorax after pulmonary resection? Data analysis in a big volume thoracic center
Authors: Li Zhixin , Wu Lei-Lei , Gao Jiani , Wang Yichao , Zhao Xiaogang , Xie Dong
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study explored the safety and of feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) in re-operations for post-operative hemothorax.

Methods

The clinical data of patients underwent re-operations due to post-operative hemothorax after pulmonary resection in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from 2006 to 2018 were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of re-operations were analyzed. The mortality and morbidity were compared between thoracotomy and thoracoscopic procedure for re-exploration.

Results

A total of 114 patients were included. The annual incidence rate ranged from 0.21 to 0.54%; the perioperative mortality was 2.6%; there were 114 cases of re-operations for hemothorax after 2012, including 62 cases in thoracoscopy group and 52 cases in open group. The durations of chest-tube drainage (7.2 ± 3.9 days vs 10.9 ± 12.0 days, P = 0.001) and length of stay in hospital (13.7 ± 6.7 days vs 18.9 ± 10.6 days, P = 0.002) in the thoracoscopic group were shorter than those in the open group. The thoracoscopic group had fewer post-operative complications as well (P = 0.023). Meanwhile, post-operative complications in the delayed group were significantly higher than those in the non-delayed group, with a longer length of hospital stay and higher hospitalization costs.

Conclusion

Complete VATS is safe and feasible for re-operation due to post-operative hemothorax and can be an alternative to thoracotomy. Delayed re-operations are associated with more post-operative complications and higher costs.
Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for acetate-based itaconic acid production
Authors: Schmollack Marc , Werner Felix , Huber Janine , Kiefer Dirk , Merkel Manuel , Hausmann Rudolf , Siebert Daniel , Blombach Bastian
Published: December 2022

Background

Itaconic acid is a promising platform chemical for a bio-based polymer industry. Today, itaconic acid is biotechnologically produced with Aspergillus terreus at industrial scale from sugars. The production of fuels but also of chemicals from food substrates is a dilemma since future processes should rely on carbon sources which do not compete for food or feed. Therefore, the production of chemicals from alternative substrates such as acetate is desirable to develop novel value chains in the bioeconomy.

Results

In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was engineered to efficiently produce itaconic acid from the non-food substrate acetate. Therefore, we rewired the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism by inactivating the transcriptional regulator RamB, reducing the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, deletion of the gdh gene encoding glutamate dehydrogenase and overexpression of cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) from A. terreus optimized for expression in C. glutamicum. The final strain C. glutamicum ΔramB Δgdh IDHR453C (pEKEx2-malEcadopt) produced 3.43 ± 0.59 g itaconic acid L−1 with a product yield of 81 ± 9 mmol mol−1 during small-scale cultivations in nitrogen-limited minimal medium containing acetate as sole carbon and energy source. Lowering the cultivation temperature from 30 °C to 25 °C improved CAD activity and further increased the titer and product yield to 5.01 ± 0.67 g L−1 and 116 ± 15 mmol mol−1, respectively. The latter corresponds to 35% of the theoretical maximum and so far represents the highest product yield for acetate-based itaconic acid production. Further, the optimized strain C. glutamicum ΔramB Δgdh IDHR453C (pEKEx2-malEcadopt), produced 3.38 ± 0.28 g itaconic acid L−1 at 25 °C from an acetate-containing aqueous side-stream of fast pyrolysis.

Conclusion

As shown in this study, acetate represents a suitable non-food carbon source for itaconic acid production with C. glutamicum. Tailoring the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism enabled the efficient production of itaconic acid from acetate and therefore this study offers useful design principles to genetically engineer C. glutamicum for other products from acetate.
Loss of Y in leukocytes as a risk factor for critical COVID-19 in men
Authors: Bruhn-Olszewska Bożena , Davies Hanna , Sarkisyan Daniil , Juhas Ulana , Rychlicka-Buniowska Edyta , Wójcik Magdalena , Horbacz Monika , Jąkalski Marcin , Olszewski Paweł , Westholm Jakub O. , Smialowska Agata , Wierzba Karol , Torinsson Naluai Åsa , Jern Niklas , Andersson Lars-Magnus , Järhult Josef D. , Filipowicz Natalia , Tiensuu Janson Eva , Rubertsson Sten , Lipcsey Miklós , Gisslén Magnus , Hultström Michael , Frithiof Robert , Dumanski Jan P.
Published: December 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has a prominent social and economic impact worldwide, shows a largely unexplained male bias for the severity and mortality of the disease. Loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is a risk factor candidate in COVID-19 due to its prior association with many chronic age-related diseases, and its impact on immune gene transcription.

Methods

Publicly available scRNA-seq data of PBMC samples derived from male patients critically ill with COVID-19 were reanalyzed, and LOY status was added to the annotated cells. We further studied LOY in whole blood for 211 COVID-19 patients treated at intensive care units (ICU) from the first and second waves of the pandemic. Of these, 139 patients were subject to cell sorting for LOY analysis in granulocytes, low-density neutrophils (LDNs), monocytes, and PBMCs.

Results

Reanalysis of available scRNA-seq data revealed LDNs and monocytes as the cell types most affected by LOY. Subsequently, DNA analysis indicated that 46%, 32%, and 29% of critically ill patients showed LOY above 5% cut-off in LDNs, granulocytes, and monocytes, respectively. Hence, the myeloid lineage that is crucial for the development of severe COVID-19 phenotype is affected by LOY. Moreover, LOY correlated with increasing WHO score (median difference 1.59%, 95% HDI 0.46% to 2.71%,p=0.025), death during ICU treatment (median difference 1.46%, 95% HDI 0.47% to 2.43%,p=0.0036), and history of vessel disease (median difference 2.16%, 95% HDI 0.74% to 3.7%,p=0.004), among other variables. In 16 recovered patients, sampled during ICU stay and 93–143 days later, LOY decreased significantly in whole blood and PBMCs. Furthermore, the number of LDNs at the recovery stage decreased dramatically (median difference 76.4 per 10,000 cell sorting events, 95% HDI 55.5 to 104,p=6e−11).

Conclusions

We present a link between LOY and an acute, life-threatening infectious disease. Furthermore, this study highlights LOY as the most prominent clonal mutation affecting the myeloid cell lineage during emergency myelopoiesis. The correlation between LOY level and COVID-19 severity might suggest that this mutation affects the functions of monocytes and neutrophils, which could have consequences for male innate immunity.
Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies are independently induced by tau and α-synuclein pathology
Authors: Jorge-Oliva Marta , Smits Jasper F. M. , Wiersma Vera I. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Scheper Wiep
Published: December 2022

Background

Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) are intracellular vesicular structures that commonly accompany pathological tau accumulations in neurons of patients with tauopathies. Recently, we developed the first model for GVBs in primary neurons, that requires exogenous tau seeds to elicit tau aggregation. This model allowed the identification of GVBs as proteolytically active lysosomes induced by tau pathology. GVBs selectively accumulate cargo in a dense core, that shows differential and inconsistent immunopositivity for (phosphorylated) tau epitopes. Despite the strong evidence connecting GVBs to tau pathology, these structures have been reported in neurons without apparent pathology in brain tissue of tauopathy patients. Additionally, GVBs and putative GVBs have also been reported in the brain of patients with non-tau proteinopathies. Here, we investigated the connection between pathological protein assemblies and GVBs in more detail.

Methods

This study combined newly developed primary neuron models for tau and α-synuclein pathology with observations in human brain tissue from tauopathy and Parkinson’s disease patients. Immunolabeling and imaging techniques were employed for extensive characterisation of pathological proteins and GVBs. Quantitative data were obtained by high-content automated microscopy as well as single-cell analysis of confocal images.

Results

Employing a novel seed-independent neuronal tau/GVB model, we show that in the context of tauopathy, GVBs are inseparably associated with the presence of cytosolic pathological tau and that intracellular tau aggregation precedes GVB formation, strengthening the causal relationship between pathological accumulation of tau and GVBs. We also report that GVBs are inseparably associated with pathological tau at the single-cell level in the hippocampus of tauopathy patients. Paradoxically, we demonstrate the presence of GVBs in the substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease patients and in a primary neuron model for α-synuclein pathology. GVBs in this newly developed α-synuclein/GVB model are induced in the absence of cytosolic pathological tau accumulations. GVBs in the context of tau or α-synuclein pathology showed similar immunoreactivity for different phosphorylated tau epitopes. The phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity signature of GVBs is therefore independent of the presence of cytosolic tau pathology.

Conclusion

Our data identify the emergence of GVBs as a more generalised response to cytosolic protein pathology.
Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review
Authors: Mak Philip H. W. , Rehman Muhammad Attiq , Kiarie Elijah G. , Topp Edward , Diarra Moussa S.
Published: December 2022

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers’ demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Embelin alleviates weaned
piglets intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction via PCAF/NF-κB signaling pathway
in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Yao Weilei , Wang Tongxin , Huang Lu , Bao Zhengxi , Wen Shu , Huang Feiruo
Published: December 2022

Background

Intestinal barrier plays key roles in maintaining intestinal
homeostasis. Inflammation damage can severely destroy the intestinal integrity
of mammals. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of
embelin and its molecular mechanisms on intestinal inflammation in a porcine
model. One hundred sixty 21-day-old castrated weaned pigs
(Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, average initial body weight was 7.05 ± 0.28 kg,
equal numbers of castrated males and females) were allotted to four groups and
fed with a basal diet or a basal diet containing 200, 400, or 600 mg embelin/kg
for 28 d. The growth performance, intestinal inflammatory cytokines, morphology
of jejunum and ileum, tight junctions in the intestinal mucosa of piglets were
tested. IPEC-1 cells with overexpression of P300/CBP associating factor (PCAF)
were treated with embelin, the activity of PCAF and acetylation of nuclear
factor-κB (NF-κB) were analyzed to determine the effect of embelin on PCAF/NF-κB
pathway in vitro.

Results

The results showed that embelin decreased (P < 0.05) serum D-lactate
and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, and enhanced the expression of ZO-1, occludin
and claudin-1 protein in jejunum and ileum. Moreover, the expression levels of
critical inflammation molecules (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis
factor-α, and NF-κB) were down-regulated (P < 0.05) by embelin in jejunal and ileal mucosa. Meanwhile, the
activity of PCAF were down-regulated (P < 0.05) by embelin. Importantly, transfection of PCAF siRNAs to
IPEC-1 cell decreased NF-κB activities; embelin treatment downregulated
(P < 0.05) the acetylation and
activities of NF-κB by 31.7%–74.6% in IPEC-1 cells with overexpression of
PCAF.

Conclusions

These results suggested that embelin ameliorates intestinal
inflammation in weaned pigs, which might be mediated by suppressing the
PCAF/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Epidemiological survey and genetic characterization of type 3 vaccine-derived poliovirus isolated from a patient with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine in Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Yang Jianhui , Bai Yiran , Zhu Hui , Wang Changshuang , Zhang Lu , Xu Jin , Lu Mingxia , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xiao Zhanpei , Ma Yating , Wang Yan , Li Xiaolei , Wang Dongyan , Zhu Shuangli , Yan Dongmei , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yanyang
Published: December 2022

Background

Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a potential threat to polio eradication because they can reintroduce into the general population and cause paralytic polio outbreaks, a phenomenon that has recently emerged as a prominent public health concern at the end of global polio eradication. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the first VDPV identified from a patient with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine immunization in Henan Province, China in 2017.

Methods

The patient was diagnosed with type 3 VDPV. Subsequently, a series of epidemiological approaches was implemented, including a retrospective search of AFP cases, rate of vaccination assessment, study of contacts, and supplementary immunization activities. Fecal samples were collected, viral isolation was performed, and the viral isolates were characterized using full-length genomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viral isolates from the patient were different from other reported genetic clusters of type 3 VDPV worldwide. They were identified as a Sabin 3/Sabin 1 recombinant VDPV with a crossover site in the P2 region. Nucleotide substitutions, including U → C (472) and C → U (2493), have been identified, both of which are frequently observed as reversion mutations in neurovirulent type 3 poliovirus. A unique aspect of this case is that the patient had been vaccinated with four doses of inactive polio vaccine, and the serum neutralizing antibody for Sabin types 1 and 3 were 1∶16 and 1∶512, respectively. Thus, the patient was speculated to have been infected with type 3 VDPV, and the virus continued to replicate and be excreted for at least 41 d.

Conclusions

The existence of this kind of virus in human population is a serious risk and poses a severe challenge in maintaining a polio-free status in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of VDPV identified in the Henan province of China. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining a high-level vaccination rate and highly sensitive AFP case surveillance system in intercepting VDPV transmission.
Using a grid-search approach to validate the Graves–Pitarka broadband simulation method
Authors: Graves Robert
Published: December 2022

This work assesses the ability of the Graves–Pitarka simulation approach to reproduce observed ground motions for 12 California and Baja California earthquakes. A total of 240 realizations are computed for each earthquake and compared with recorded strong motions from near-fault sites. In addition to spatial variability in slip, each realization samples from discrete combinations of average rupture speed, rise time, and down-dip fault width. Ground motions for each realization of a given earthquake are compared to the observations using a pseudo-spectral acceleration goodness-of-fit (GoF) metric. Parameters for the lowest misfit cases are then tabulated to develop relations for estimating median values and ranges for future applications. The results are generally consistent with published scaling relations for estimating rupture dimensions as a function of magnitude. Additionally, I find the average rise time scales as $${2.3\times \alpha }_{T}\times {10}^{-9}{\times M}_{o}^{1/3}$$

2.3
×
α

T

×

10

-
9

×
M

o

1
/
3

(Mo is seismic moment in dyne-cm) and average rupture speed as $$(0.765 \pm 0.075)\times {\alpha }_{T}^{-1}\times {V}_{s}$$

(
0.765
±
0.075
)

×

α

T

-
1

×

V
s

(Vs is local shear wave velocity), where aT is a mechanism adjustment ranging from a value of 1.0 for pure strike-slip to 0.9 for pure reverse-slip cases. There are cases where slightly different combinations of parameters produce equally good fits to the observations, demonstrating the non-uniqueness of using a single GoF metric in this approach. Nonetheless, the results reinforce the importance of adequately sampling ranges of rupture parameters when performing validations, as well as when simulating ground motions for future events.

Graphical Abstract
Bilateral cleft lip repair by new trending method: a case report
Authors: Kang Ji-Yeon
Published: December 2022

Background

Bilateral cleft lip repair is one of the most difficult surgeries, and many techniques have been modified and developed to improve surgical outcomes. The current trend is toward preserving tissue as much as possible. When the reconstruction is based on the shape of the patient’s own tissue, the most natural appearance is produced, and the relaxed remaining tissue can be benefitted from reducing tension and minimizing scarring.

Case presentation.

In the conventional surgical method, the rest of the prolabium is sacrificed, except for the tissue used to make the philtrum. We used all tissues for surgery and did not discard any. The tubercle of the median vermilion was used in its original form.

Conclusions

It is fundamental to restore function in cleft lip surgery. Both patients and surgeons have a desire for esthetic outcomes that go beyond function. In addition, the measure of the success of the surgery is the postoperative resemblance to normal midfacial features. Unlike the conventional method of making tubercles by collecting lateral vermilion flaps, we preserved the tissue of the prolabium. Rather than using an artificial tubercle, we were able to create a more natural shape of the upper lip using the patient’s own anatomical structure. In addition, the remaining tissues of the discarded prolabium were used to make the oral mucosa, which may help to reduce tension compared to the conventional method. The modified repair method is expected to gradually become the mainstream method owing to its superior esthetic outcome and less surgical difficulty compared with traditional methods.
Developing a Collaborative, Team-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment Program in an Outpatient Oncology Setting
Authors: Cooper Sara L. , Kovar Vladka , Levinson Arnold H.
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE:

Because clinical specialists often lack time and training to address secondary health issues such as smoking cessation, the National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) has mobilized cancer centers to develop systems for treating patients' tobacco dependence.

METHODS:

One university-based cancer center was able to develop a program that formalized smoking treatment using a collaborative, multidisciplinary care team with overlapping expertise in cancer care, medication management, and tobacco cessation. Program planners delivered tobacco cessation services in the outpatient setting by automating identification of eligible patients using a tobacco registry in the electronic health records, directly involving oncology pharmacists in medication oversight, using dedicated tobacco treatment specialists to provide cessation services, and engaging oncologists through active communications protocols. Evaluators used Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model as the guiding framework for a qualitative assessment of program development and implementation. Evaluators also measured provider satisfaction and utilization of services, program reach, and smoking cessation outcomes 6 months post enrollment.

RESULTS:

During the evaluation period (July 1, 2018-September 30, 2019), the smoking cessation program engaged 96% of eligible patients (n = 214 of 223 eligible); 82% of those enrolled in the program (n = 183). At 6-month follow-up, 29.1% of enrolled patients self-reported 30-day point prevalence abstinence (n = 53) and 34.9% (n = 64) reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence (intent-to-treat rates).

CONCLUSION:

Using a team-based approach that leverages individual expertise and interprofessional collaboration to provide patient-centered treatment, a smoking cessation program can identify and treat eligible patients in specialty clinics.
Indices of Departure
Authors: Albernaz Joseph
Published: December 2022

This text on Jean-Luc Nancy engages his interest in the motif of departure to reexamine and register the importance of some of his central contributions. Along with returning to Nancy’s singular rendering of key concepts like finitude, sharing, communism, and resurrection, the essay stages a passing encounter between Nancy’s thought of parting and the poetry of Walt Whitman.
Holophrastic Constructions in the Language of Internet Communication
Authors: Gershanova A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Internet communication is one of the most actively developed and still insufficiently developed areas in modern linguistics. Its linguistic features are reflected at all levels of the language system, and, therefore, require additional research, in particular, in the field of occasional ways of word formation.

The purpose of this article is to study and systematize the scientific literature on the designated problem, analyze the language material, identify typical word–formation neoplasms characteristic of Internet communication,

The medological basis of the study was the works of Galichkina E.N., Goroshko E.I., Ivanov L.Yu., Kolokoltseva T.N., Krongauza M.A., Lutovinova O.V., Mechkovskaya N.B., Ryazantseva T.I., Shchipitsina L.Yu., which predetermined the choice of methods for observing language material and its interpretation. The texts of works of art, websites, forums, and chats were the material for analysis.

A review of the scientific literature has shown that one of the striking features of Internet communication is the occasional formation of words from phrases and sentences through holophrasis. This phenomenon is typical, as a rule, for the language of works of art. This was revealed on the material of the story by Yu .Maletsky "Love". The analysis of the speech material of Internet communication confirmed that holophrastic constructions are also characteristic of this speech formation. This allowed us to conclude that the phenomena observed in the language of the Internet are a reflection of the processes in the Russian language.

The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: linguistic research in the field of Internet communication will allow to predict the processes in the modern Russian language as a whole. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results in the study of active processes in modern Russian.
Comunidades microbianas: los malos, los buenos y… la presión de los antibióticos
Authors: Muñoz Díaz Marina , Serrano Gil Ximena
Published: December 2022

No estamos solos. Bacterias, hongos, parásitos y virus habitan cualquier parte de nuestro organismo y pueden cumplir funciones biológicas importantes, bien sea benéficas o dañinas. Conocerlos es fundamental para un manejo adecuado. Con las herramientas que utiliza el Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas se pueden identificar la presencia del microorganismo y los marcadores moleculares de interés para la salud, como los relacionados con la resistencia a antibióticos, lo que aporta una información muy útil para el manejo de los pacientes.
La migración vista desde los derechos humanos: buenas prácticas en la gestión de la crisis de Venezuela
Authors: Palacios-Sanabria Maria-Teresa , Beatriz Londoño-Toro , Hurtado Nathalia
Published: December 2022

No todo se ha hecho mal en el manejo de la inmigración venezolana. La investigación coordinada por María Teresa Palacios describe una serie de buenas prácticas realizadas en diversos países latinoamericanos, para que saquemos lo mejor de cada experiencia y podamos ofrecer una integración basada en los derechos humanos.
Endodontic surgery. Part 2: surgical root canal re-treatment
Authors: Smith Robert , Bryce Graeme , George Geoffrey St , Kalsi Poonam
Published: December 2022

Surgical root canal re-treatment (SRCReT), or root-end surgery, is the most commonly undertaken surgical endodontic technique. Approaches to SRCReT differ, with a variety of different protocols described and varied success rates reported. In the second part of this two-part series, the current scientific literature is examined and clinical examples are given to offer guidance for the optimal protocol for SRCReT.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: SRCReT is a procedure which may facilitate the treatment of disease of endodontic origin which is not amenable to management with orthograde non-surgical root canal treatment.
Treatment planning for a patient requiring multiple restorative treatment modalities by a recently qualified dentist
Authors: Al-Helou Noor , Zaki Ammar Ahmed
Published: December 2022

This article presents a case demonstrating the treatment of a patient using multiple restorative modalities, including endodontics, indirect restorations and prosthetics. The patient's oral condition resulted from a high cariogenic diet, particularly a destructive carbonated drink habit. This case discusses the treatment options for each diagnosis and the rationale behind the final treatment plan. There was a considerable focus on prevention and restoration of teeth in order to achieve optimal oral health and function, as this was the patient's expressed priority.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Patients with high cariogenic diets present with varying restorative needs within general practice, and this report demonstrates the treatment of a simple case.
Ebha’n-nagamât fî terennümâti’l-ilâhiyyât adlı güfte mecmuasında yer alan ve 2013 yılına kadar Halep Keyyâli zâviyesinde icra edilmiş olan şuğuller
Authors: Erdaş Safiye Şeyda
Published: December 2022

Şuğul, Türk Din Musiki’sinde Arapça güfteli ilahilere verilen isimdir. Bu ilahiler, geçmişte Osmanlı kültür havzasının her bölgesinde benimsenmiş ve özellikle 19. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar icrâ edilmiş, bugün Türk Musikisi olarak adlandırılan makam müziği ile bestelenmişlerdir. Şuğul formu daha çok Rifâî, Sâ’dî, Bedevî, Dessûkî gibi Arap kökenli ve kıyâmî zikir yapan tarîkler vasıtası ile Anadolu, İstanbul ve Balkanlara yayılmıştır. Yazılı kaynaklara bakıldığında şuğuller ile ilgili en kapsamlı eser Hicrî 1316 (m. 1898) tarihli Tekfurdağlı eş-Şeyh el-Hâc Hâfız Mehmed Rıfat Efendi tarafından derlenmiş olan Ebhe’n-nagâmât fî terennümâti’l-ilâhiyyât adlı güfte mecmuasıdır. Bu çalışmada Halep, Bâbu’l-Hadîd Keyyâlî Zaviyesi şeyhlerinden Şeyh Muhammed Bâkır el-Keyyâlî, kardeşi Şeyh Hasan el-Keyyâlî ve zaviyenin dervişleri tarafından günümüzde icrâ edilmekte olan şuğuller ile Ebhe’n-nagâmât fî terennümâti’l-ilâhiyyât adlı güfte mecmuasında bulunan bazı ortak eserler üzerinden İstanbul ve Halep şehirlerinin ortak müzik geçmişinin izi sürülmüştür.
End-to-end computational ghost imaging method that suppresses atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Zhang Leihong , Zhai Yunjie , Xu Runchu , Wang Kaimin , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2022

Images are one of the important sources of getting information, and the process of getting images can be affected by various factors. Atmospheric turbulence is one of them. Ghost imaging has a positive effect on suppressing atmospheric turbulence, but its reconstruction results are not stable, and it cannot get high-quality images under extreme conditions. In this paper, we simulate atmospheric turbulence using a phase screen, combine computational ghost imaging to simulate the imaging process, and analyze the factors that affect the imaging. We use an end-to-end neural network to input the bucket signal into the network after processing, which can not only reconstruct the target image directly but also save reconstruction time by removing the process of correlation calculation. Simulations show that good reconstruction results can be obtained at low sampling rates and extreme conditions.
Multifunctional terahertz absorber based on the Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide
Authors: Zhang Yong Gang , Zhang Rui , Liang Lan Ju , Yao Hai Yun , Yan Xin , Huang Cheng Cheng , Ying Ke Hao
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a multifunctional terahertz (THz) absorber based on Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) is proposed. By modulating the temperature of

V
O

2

, the absorber can be switched between the narrow band and wide band. When

V
O

2

is in the metallic state, the absorber has a broadband absorption effect with a bandwidth of approximately 4 THz. It has the advantages of insensitivity to polarization and wide-angle absorption. When

V
O

2

is in the insulating state, the absorber has two absorption peaks with absorptivity exceeding 90% and sensitivities of 297.7 and 402 GHz/RIU, and thus can be used as a highly sensitive sensor for cell detection. When the Fermi level of the Dirac semimetal is changed, the absorption characteristics can be modulated. The absorber has broad application prospects in multifunctional modulated devices.
High-precision optical frequency transfer over a 96  km urban fiber link
Authors: Liu Lei , Cheng Nan , Wang Jialiang , Cao Qian , Tong Zhou , Ying Kang , Gui Youzhen
Published: December 2022

We demonstrated the optical frequency transfer over a 96 km urban business network in Shanghai. The key factors affecting the optical frequency transmission system, such as fiber link quality, feedback compensation strength, and out-of-loop fiber temperature variation, are studied for the urban fiber link characteristics. The effective suppression technique of complex urban fiber link noise with different feedback compensation parameters is studied. With active phase noise suppression, the optical frequency stability can reach

1.9

×

10

−
16

at 1 s and

2.2

×

10

−
18

at 10,000 s over a 96 km urban fiber link. This work potentially plays an important role in optical clock frequency comparison, and it makes a good foundation for future research on long-distance optical frequency transfer over an urban business network.
LKG-Net: lightweight keratoconus grading network based on corneal topography
Authors: Gao Song , Chen Yingjie , Shi Fei , Peng Yuanyuan , Xu Chenan , Chen Zhongyue , Zhu Weifang , Xu Xin , Tang Wei , Tan Zhiwei , Xu Yue , Ren Yaru , Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Xinjian
Published: December 2022

Keratoconus (KC) is a noninflammatory ectatic disease characterized by progressive thinning and an apical cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea. In recent years, more and more researchers have been committed to automatic and semi-automatic KC detection based on corneal topography. However, there are few studies about the severity grading of KC, which is particularly important for the treatment of KC. In this work, we propose a lightweight KC grading network (LKG-Net) for 4-level KC grading (Normal, Mild, Moderate, and Severe). First of all, we use depth-wise separable convolution to design a novel feature extraction block based on the self-attention mechanism, which can not only extract rich features but also reduce feature redundancy and greatly reduce the number of parameters. Then, to improve the model performance, a multi-level feature fusion module is proposed to fuse features from the upper and lower levels to obtain more abundant and effective features. The proposed LKG-Net was evaluated on the corneal topography of 488 eyes from 281 people with 4-fold cross-validation. Compared with other state-of-the-art classification methods, the proposed method achieves 89.55% for weighted recall (W_R), 89.98% for weighted precision (W_P), 89.50% for weighted F1 score (W_F1) and 94.38% for Kappa, respectively. In addition, the LKG-Net is also evaluated on KC screening, and the experimental results show the effectiveness.
Discontinuous Galerkin integral equation method for light scattering from complex nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Martín V. F. , Solís D. M. , Jericó D. , Landesa L. , Obelleiro F. , Taboada J. M.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) integral equation (IE) method for the electromagnetic analysis of arbitrarily-shaped plasmonic assemblies. The use of nonconformal meshes provides improved flexibility for CAD prototyping and tessellation of the input geometry. The formulation can readily address nonconformal multi-material junctions (where three or more material regions meet), allowing to set very different mesh sizes depending on the material properties of the different subsystems. It also enables the use of h-refinement techniques to improve accuracy without burdening the computational cost. The continuity of the equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents across the junction contours is enforced by a combination of boundary conditions and local, weakly imposed, interior penalties within the junction regions. A comprehensive study is made to compare the performance of different IE-DG alternatives applied to plasmonics. The numerical experiments conducted validate the accuracy and versatility of this formulation for the resolution of complex nanoparticle assemblies.
Monitoring independence in daily life activities after trauma in humanitarian settings: Item reduction and assessment of content validity of the Activity Independence Measure-Trauma (AIM-T)
Authors: Gohy Bérangère , Opava Christina H. , von Schreeb Johan , Van den Bergh Rafael , Brus Aude , El Hamid Qaradaya Abed , Mafuko Jean-Marie , Al-Abbasi Omar , Cherestal Sophia , Fernandes Livia , Da Silva Frois Andre , Weerts Eric ,   The AIM-T Study Group, Brodin Nina
Published: December 2022

A standardized set of measures to assess functioning after trauma in humanitarian settings has been called for. The Activity Independence Measure for Trauma (AIM-T) is a clinician-rated measure of independence in 20 daily activities among patients after trauma. Designed in Afghanistan, it has since been used in other contexts. Before recommending the AIM-T for wider use, its measurement properties required confirmation. This study aims at item reduction followed by content validity assessment of the AIM-T. Using a two-step revision process, first, routinely collected data from 635 patients at five facilities managing patients after trauma in Haiti, Burundi, Yemen, and Iraq were used for item reduction. This was performed by analyzing inter-item redundancy and distribution of the first version of the AIM-T (AIM-T1) item scores, resulting in a shortened version (AIM-T2). Second, content validity of the AIM-T2 was assessed by item content validity indices (I-CVI, 0–1) based on structured interviews with 23 health care professionals and 60 patients in Haiti, Burundi, and Iraq. Through the analyses, nine pairs of redundant items (r≥0.90) were identified in the AIM-T1, leading to the removal of nine items, and resulting in AIM-T2. All remaining items were judged highly relevant, appropriate, clear, feasible and representative by most of participants (I-CVI>0.5). Ten items with I-CVI 0.5–0.85 were revised to improve their cultural relevance or appropriateness and one item was added, resulting in the AIM-T3. In conclusion, the proposed 12-item AIM-T3 is overall relevant, clear, and representative of independence in daily activity after trauma and it includes items appropriate and feasible to be observed by clinicians across different humanitarian settings. While some additional measurement properties remain to be evaluated, the present version already has the potential to serve as a routine measure to assess patients after trauma in humanitarian settings.
Equity in walking access to community home care facility resources for elderly with different mobility: A case study of Lianhu District, Xi’an
Authors: Ning Wenze , Yang Yi , Lu Mei , Han Xiaokang
Published: December 2022

As the aging of China’s population continues to deepen, a number of elderly care facilities relying on community platforms to provide home care services have been established in urban communities, effectively alleviating the problem of difficult community elderly care, while a spatial mismatch between the facilities and the elderly population has also emerged. To solve this problem, this paper analyzes the equity in walking access to community home care facilities for elderly people with different mobility abilities in Lianhu District of Xi’an City, taking the resources of community home care facilities as the research object. Firstly, the coverage rate of the facilities was calculated based on the 15-minute walking range of the elderly with different mobility, and the accessibility of the facilities was measured using the Kernel Density-type two-step moving search method. Then, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and location entropy were used to analyze the spatial matching pattern of facilities and elderly population. The results show that there is a serious spatial mismatch between the resources of community home care facilities and the elderly population with mobility restriction. In addition, the available facility area per capita is low for more than 80% of the elderly with mobility restriction, and the road network density has a significant impact on the access of the elderly with mobility restriction to the community home care facility resources. These research results indicate that the spatial layout and configuration of community home care facilities are unfair to the elderly with poor mobility, and that these elderly care facility configurations do not favor the disadvantaged groups.