bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Catholicism, Modern Consumption and the Culture Wars in Postrevolutionary Mexico City
Authors: Schell Patience A.
Published: July 2007

Unleashed desire for consumer goods and a modern lifestyle were among the changes that swept across Mexico after, and partially as a result of, the revolution (1910–17). Consumer culture and modernity in postrevolutionary Mexico caused anxiety as well as delight, particularly because of the changes it threatened to bring to social mores, behaviour and gender roles. Catholic social groups were among those seeking to teach Mexicans how to consume everything from fashion to films while exhibiting good taste, good sense and strong moral rectitude. Moreover, the Catholic press attempted to create a space in which Catholics, especially women, could participate in modern consumption, advising its readers on which films were appropriate to view, which fashions did not offend morals and when it was a sin to wear make up. This article situates postrevolutionary adaptations to modernity within a long history of Catholic mediation of modernity within Mexico.
Structural Consequences ofKcna1Gene Deletion and Transfer in the Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: Wenzel H. Jürgen , Vacher Helene , Clark Eliana , Trimmer James S. , Lee Angela L. , Sapolsky Robert M. , Tempel Bruce L. , Schwartzkroin Philip A.
Published: July 2007

Summary

Purpose:Mice lacking the Kv1.1 potassium channel α subunit encoded by theKcna1gene develop recurrent behavioral seizures early in life. We examined the neuropathological consequences of seizure activity in the Kv1.1−/−(knock‐out) mouse, and explored the effects of injecting a viral vector carrying the deletedKcna1gene into hippocampal neurons.

Methods:Morphological techniques were used to assess neuropathological patterns in hippocampus of Kv1.1−/−animals. Immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques were used to monitor ion channel expression in Kv1.1−/−brain. Both wild‐type and knockout mice were injected (bilaterally into hippocampus) with an HSV1 amplicon vector that contained the ratKcna1subunit gene and/or theE. coli lacZreporter gene. Vector‐injected mice were examined to determine the extent of neuronal infection.

Results:Video/EEG monitoring confirmed interictal abnormalities and seizure occurrence in Kv1.1−/−mice. Neuropathological assessment suggested that hippocampal damage (silver stain) and reorganization (Timm stain) occurred only after animals had exhibited severe prolonged seizures (status epilepticus). Ablation ofKcna1did not result in compensatory changes in expression levels of other related ion channel subunits. Vector injection resulted in infection primarily of granule cells in hippocampus, but the number of infected neurons was quite variable across subjects. Kcna1 immunocytochemistry showed “ectopic” Kv1.1 α channel subunit expression.

Conclusions:Kcna1deletion in mice results in a seizure disorder that resembles—electrographically and neuropathologically—the patterns seen in rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy. HSV1 vector‐mediated gene transfer into hippocampus yielded variable neuronal infection.
The Added Value of [18F]‐Fluoro‐D‐deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Screening for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Uijl Sabine G. , Leijten Frans S. S. , Arends Johan B. A. M. , Parra Jaime , Van Huffelen Alexander C. , Moons Karel G. M.
Published: July 2007

Summary

Purpose:[18F]‐Fluoro‐d‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is an expensive, invasive, and not widely available technique used in the presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. We assessed its added value to the decision‐making process in relation to other commonly used tests.

Methods: In a retrospective study of a large series of consecutive patients referred to the national Dutch epilepsy surgery program between 1996 and 2002, the contribution of FDG‐PET, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and video‐electroencephalogram (video‐EEG) monitoring findings, alone or in combination, to the decision whether to perform surgery was investigated. The impact of FDG‐PET was quantified by comparing documented decisions concerning surgery before and after FDG‐PET results.

Results: Of 469 included patients, 110 (23%) underwent FDG‐PET. In 78 of these patients (71%), FDG‐PET findings led clinicians to change the decision they had made based on MRI and video‐EEG monitoring findings. In 17% of all referred patients, the decision regarding surgical candidacy was based on FDG‐PET findings. FDG‐PET was most useful when previous MRI results were normal (p < 0.0001) or did not show unilateral temporal abnormalities (p < 0.0001), or when ictal EEG results were not consistent with MRI findings (p < 0.0001) or videotaped seizure semiology (p = 0.027). The positive and negative predictive values for MRI and video‐EEG monitoring, which ranged from 0.48 to 0.67, were improved to 0.62 to 0.86 in combination with FDG‐PET.

Conclusions: In patients referred for TLE surgery, FDG‐PET findings can form the basis for deciding whether a patient is eligible for surgery, and especially when MRI or video‐EEG monitoring are nonlocalizing.
Capital Controls and the International Transmission of U.S. Money Shocks
Authors: MINIANE JACQUES , ROGERS JOHN H.
Published: July 2007

We assess whether capital controls effectively insulate countries from U.S. monetary shocks, examining a large range of country experiences in a unified estimation framework. We estimate the effect of identified U.S. monetary shocks on the exchange rate and foreign country interest rates, and test whether countries with less open capital accounts exhibit systematically smaller responses. We find essentially no evidence of this. Other country factors such as the exchange rate regime or degree of dollarization explain more of the cross‐country differences in responses. The significant differences in responses we do find are more pronounced at short horizons.
Bank Mergers, Competition, and Liquidity
Authors: CARLETTI ELENA , HARTMANN PHILIPP , SPAGNOLO GIANCARLO
Published: July 2007

We model the impact of bank mergers on loan competition, reserve holdings, and aggregate liquidity. A merger changes the distribution of liquidity shocks and creates an internal money market, leading to financial cost efficiencies and more precise estimates of liquidity needs. The merged banks may increase their reserve holdings through an internalization effect or decrease them because of a diversification effect. The merger also affects loan market competition, which in turn modifies the distribution of bank sizes and aggregate liquidity needs. Mergers among large banks tend to increase aggregate liquidity needs and thus the public provision of liquidity through monetary operations of the central bank.
Forbearance and Prompt Corrective Action
Authors: KOCHERLAKOTA NARAYANA R. , SHIM ILHYOCK
Published: July 2007

This article investigates whether a bank regulator should terminate problem banks promptly or exercise forbearance. We construct a dynamic model economy in which entrepreneurs pledge collateral, borrow from banks, and invest in long‐term projects. We assume that collateral value has aggregate risk over time, that in any period entrepreneurs can abscond with the projects but lose the collateral, and that depositors can withdraw deposits. We show that optimal regulation exhibits forbearance if the ex‐ante probability of collapse in collateral value is sufficiently low, but exhibits prompt termination of problem banks if this probability is sufficiently high.
Quantitative Goals for Monetary Policy
Authors: FATÁS ANTONIO , MIHOV ILIAN , ROSE ANDREW K.
Published: July 2007

We study empirically the macroeconomic effects of an explicit de jure quantitative goal for monetary policy. Quantitative goals take three forms: exchange rates, money growth rates, and inflation targets. We analyze the effects on inflation of both having a quantitative target and hitting a declared target. Our empirical work uses an annual data set covering 42 countries between 1960 and 2000, and takes account of other determinants of inflation (such as fiscal policy, the business cycle, and openness to international trade) and the endogeneity of the monetary policy regime. We find that both having and hitting quantitative targets for monetary policy is systematically and robustly associated with lower inflation. The exact form of the monetary target matters somewhat (especially for the sustainability of the monetary regime) but is less important than having some quantitative target. Successfully achieving a quantitative monetary goal is also associated with less volatile output.
Dependence of AV Nodal Function Curves on the Selected Recovery Index: Pivotal Role of Pretest Conduction Time
Authors: TADROS RAFIK , LAVALLÉE MICHEL , BILLETTE JACQUES
Published: July 2007

Introduction: Rate‐dependent AV nodal function is often assessed with premature protocols. Conduction curves generated from nodal responses differ with the selected recovery index (atrial–atrial, AA, or His–atrial interval, HA). We propose that these differences arise from changes in pretest conduction time that affect nodal recovery time assessment.

Methods and Results: We varied the basic (S1S1), pretest (S1S2), and test (S2S3) cycle length with S1S2S3 protocols, and analyzed nodal responses as AA (A3H3 vs A2A3) and HA (A3H3 vs H2A3) curves in six rabbit heart preparations. Any A2H2 (pretest conduction time) prolongation bodily shifted AA curve rightward and HA curve leftward, regardless of prevailing basic cycle length. A prolonged A2H2 caused all A3H3 to occur at longer A2A3 and shorter H2A3, as compared with control. When corrected for these shifts, AA and HA curves displayed similar recovery and fatigue properties. To further investigate the possibility that nodal recovery time varies beyond that imposed by pacing interval, six additional preparations were subjected to 5‐minute frequency step protocols during which a long cycle was introduced after every 30th short cycle. After each long cycle, nodal conduction time increased progressively despite the constant short cycle length and fatigue level.

Conclusions: Increases in the pretest conduction time play a pivotal role in apparent recovery‐index‐dependent differences in rate‐dependent AV nodal function by shifting AA and HA curves in opposite directions along the x‐axis. When corrected for pretest effects, AA and HA curves display similar rate‐dependent AV nodal function with recovery and fatigue as main properties.
Pattern of ocular manifestations in patients with sarcoidosis in developing countries
Authors: Khanna Aman , Sidhu Updesh , Bajwa Gurkirat , Malhotra Vineeta
Published: July 2007

Purpose:  Sarcoidosis is increasingly diagnosed in developing countries, although it was earlier thought to be uncommon. We describe the pattern of ocular manifestations in sarcoidosis in India.

Methods:  A total of 48 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis, referred to a teaching university hospital, underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination, irrespective of whether they had eye symptoms or not.

Results:  Ocular involvement was seen in 14 (29%) patients. The mean age at presentation was 50 years, and neither two peaks of incidence nor a female preponderance could be demonstrated. The majority of patients had chronic disease. Posterior uveitis was distinctly more common (12/14) than anterior (5/14) uveitis. Conjunctival involvement was uncommon. These findings differ from those reported in the Western literature.

Conclusions:  Eye involvement is common in sarcoidosis in India and may occur without ocular symptoms. Posterior segment involvement is more common than has been reported. Ophthalmologists need to be aware of ocular involvement in this disease as untreated disease can have significant visual consequences.
Reading performance with low‐vision aids and vision‐related quality of life after macular translocation surgery in patients with age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Nguyen Nhung X. , Besch Dorothea , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl , Gelisken Faik , Trauzettel‐Klosinski Susanne
Published: July 2007

Purpose:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of magnification required, reading performance with low‐vision aids and vision‐related quality of life with reference to reading ability and ability to carry out day‐to‐day activities in patients after macular translocation.

Methods:  This study included 15 patients who had undergone macular translocation with 360‐degree peripheral retinectomy. The mean length of follow‐up was 19.2 ± 10.8 months (median 11 months). At the final examination, the impact of visual impairment on reading ability and quality of life was assessed according to a modified 9‐item questionnaire in conjunction with a comprehensive clinical examination, which included assessment of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the magnification power required for reading, use of low‐vision aids and reading speed. Patients rated the extent to which low vision restricted their ability to read and participate in other activities that affect quality of life. Responses were scored on a scale of 1.0 (optimum self‐evaluation) to 5.0 (very poor).

Results:  In the operated eye, overall mean postoperative BCVA (distance) was not significantly better than mean preoperative BCVA (0.11 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.08, respectively; p = 0.53). However, 53% of patients reported a subjective increase in visual function after treatment. At the final visit, the mean magnification required was × 7.7 ± 6.7. A total of 60% of patients needed optical magnifiers for reading and in 40% of patients closed‐circuit TV systems were necessary. All patients were able to read newspaper print using adapted low‐vision aids at a mean reading speed of 71 ± 40 words per minute. Mean self‐reported scores were 3.2 ± 1.1 for reading, 2.5 ± 0.7 for day‐to‐day activities and 2.7 ± 3.0 for outdoor walking and using steps or stairs. Patients' levels of dependency were significantly correlated with scores for reading (p = 0.01), day‐to‐day activities (p < 0.001) and outdoor walking and using steps (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:  The evaluation of self‐reported visual function and vision‐related quality of life in patients after macular translocation is necessary to obtain detailed information on treatment effects. Our results indicated improvement in patients' subjective evaluations of visual function, without significant improvement in visual acuity. The postoperative clinical benefits of treatment coincide with subjective benefits in terms of reading ability, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Our study confirms the importance and efficiency of visual rehabilitation with aids for low vision after surgery.
Haemarthrosis after superwarfarin poisoning
Authors: Kotsaftis Panagiotis , Girtovitis Fotios , Boutou Afroditi , Ntaios George , Makris Pantelis E.
Published: July 2007

Introduction:  Superwarfarins are widely used as rodenticides. They are similar to warfarin, but they are more potent and act longer. In case of poisoning, they cause severe bleeding, usually from multiple sites.

Case report:  A 67‐yr‐old man was admitted with melaena, epistaxis and haemarthrosis in his left knee. PT, INR and aPTT were markedly increased. Initially, the patient was treated with blood and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. However at the second day, PT, INR and aPTT were even worse. The combination of persistent coagulopathy, normal mixing studies, normal liver function tests and absence of hepatic failure or malabsorption syndromes lead to the suspicion of vitK dependent clotting factors deficiency due to superwarfarin poisoning. Indeed, the patient admitted a suicide attempt with rodenticide, although he had previously denied it. Psychiatric evaluation revealed a disturbed personality. Melaena stopped after 7 d. Then, the patient was administered 30 mg of vitK daily for a total period of 4 months.

Conclusions:  Superwarfarin poisoning leads to severe bleeding, usually from multiple sites. Prolonged treatment with high doses of vitK is necessary. Haemarthrosis, as a complication of superwarfarin poisoning, is presented here for the first time in literature.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma presenting with severe myelofibrosis and a high serum hyaluronan level
Authors: Suehiro Youko , Tachikawa Yoshimichi , Abe Yasunobu , Ohshima Koichi , Muta Koichiro , Tani Kenzaburo
Published: July 2007

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare tumor originating from the vascular endothelium; it has an intermediate malignant potential. EHEs affect all age groups and mostly originate from the soft tissues of the extremities, lungs, and liver. Spinal EHEs, especially those occurring in the bone marrow region, are extremely rare. We report a case of EHE with massive involvement of the liver, vertebrae, and cranial bones that caused severe myelofibrosis (MF) in a 67‐yr‐old‐male patient. Hyaluronan deposits were diffusely observed in the tumor tissue biopsies obtained from both the liver and bone marrow. Furthermore, the serum hyaluronan level increased markedly along with rapid progression of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MF occurring in an EHE; hyaluronan may have played an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in this case.
Hepatitis B virus vaccine in lymphoproliferative disorders: a prospective randomized study evaluating the efficacy of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor as a vaccine adjuvant
Authors: Yağcı Münci , Acar Kadir , Sucak Gülsan Türköz , Yamaç Kadri , Haznedar Rauf
Published: July 2007

Objectives:  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is effectively preventable by immunization with the commercially available recombinant HBV vaccines (HBVvac) in approximately 95% of healthy people. Immunosuppressive diseases like hematological malignancies are a risk factor for non‐response to HBVvac. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) as a vaccine adjuvant in lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD).

Patients and methods:  One‐ hundred and two patients with LPD were randomized to receive either a single dose of 40 μg HBVvac intramuscularly or one course of 40 μg HBVvac after 5 μg/kg recombinant GM‐CSF injection.

Results:  Of the 94 patients that could be evaluated at 1 month, the seroprotection rate was higher in GM‐CSF + HBVvac group (25.5% in GM‐CSF + HBVvac group vs. 17% in HBVvac group). The median anti‐HBs titer was also higher in GM‐CSF + HBVvac group. However the difference did not reach to a significant level in terms of response rate and median antibody titers (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis identified age and time to vaccination from the last chemotherapy course as significant predictors of seroprotection. In multivariate analysis, age was the only predictor of achieving a seroprotective response. Patients who lost the seroprotective response during monitoring were boosted with a 20 μg HBVvac and they all achieved a seroprotective anti‐HBs titer > 100 mIU/mL.

Conclusion:  In LPD, the response to HBVvac is impaired. GM‐CSF enhance to HBVvac in terms of the rate of response and average of antibody titers at the dose and schedule given.
Oral trauma and dental emergency management recommendations of first‐aid textbooks and manuals
Authors: Zadik Yehuda
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  The recommendations of oral trauma and dental emergencies management of nine first‐aid textbooks and manuals from the last two decades were evaluated. Only one book includes all the relevant topics: dental anatomy, management of tooth luxations and avulsion, tooth fracture, mandible dislocation, jaw fracture, intraoral bleeding and dental pain. Two books recommend self‐replantation of an avulsed tooth, but four books detail the storage media and evaluate the importance of a quick referral to a dental surgery. In three first‐aid books, the only mention of oral trauma is the hazard of choking from tooth fragments, and in one other book, only mandible dislocation is mentioned as oral trauma. The insufficient information of oral trauma management in these first‐aid texts partly explains the previous reports of poor and inadequate knowledge in that topic among medics, teachers and the general public.
Self‐reported dental and oral injuries in a population of adults aged 18–50 years
Authors: Locker David
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  Few population‐based studies of traumatic dental injury in adults have been undertaken. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of injuries to the mouth and teeth among adults aged 18–50 years living in the Canadian province of Ontario. A telephone survey was undertaken based on random digit dialling and 2001 adults in the target age range were interviewed. Overall, 15.5% reported a history of injury to the mouth and teeth. Of these, one‐third reported two or more episodes of injury. Males were more likely than females to report injury and to have experienced more than one injury. There was no association with age but a U‐shaped relationship with education. When asked about the nature of the worst injury experienced, 85% with a history of trauma reported damage to the teeth and of these, 38.5% reported one or more teeth were chipped and 26.0% broke one or more teeth. One quarter (25.4%) reported avulsions and 6.5% reported luxations. Other types of injury were reported by 3.5%. Two‐thirds of the injuries reported occurred before the age of 18 years and one‐third after this age. One‐fifth of those with tooth injuries had not been treated by a health professional. This was not associated with the nature of the damage that occurred; rather subjects from the lower educational groups were less likely than those from higher educational groups to have received treatment. There was a significant association between injuries to the mouth and teeth and injuries in other body locations. One‐third of those reporting two or more episodes of the latter reported having experienced injuries to the mouth and teeth. The results of this self‐report study indicate that dental trauma constitutes a significant health issue among adults and that a minority may be injury prone. Health promotion programmes to reduce the incidence of injury among lower socioeconomic groups are needed since these have high rates of injury and the lowest rate of receipt of treatment.
Intrusive luxation: a case report
Authors: De Alencar Ana Helena Gonçalves , Lustosa‐Pereira Adriana , De Sousa Hugo Alexandre , Figueiredo Joaquim Henrique
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  Intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental trauma. The occurrence of pulp necrosis in intruded teeth with open apices is 100%. The risk of development of inflammatory or replacement root resorptions is high. Thus, endodontic intervention is required soon after the occurrence of trauma, in an attempt to prevent or delay the appearance of such lesions. On the other hand, the access to the root canal is difficult, as the crown is intruded. A multidisciplinary approach comprising Surgery, Orthodontics and Endodontics is required to allow exposure of the crown, orthodontic extrusion and onset of endodontic therapy. The patient GCSA, aged 15 years, attended the community project ‘Lugar de dente é na boca’ (‘teeth should be in the mouth’) of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, 1 week after complete intrusion of the right maxillary central incisor. Radiographic examination revealed that the incisal edge of this tooth was at the level of the crown‐root interface of the adjacent teeth. After surgical exposure of the crown, pulp sensitivity was evaluated and was found to be negative. After onset of endodontic therapy, the patient was referred for orthodontic extrusion of the intruded tooth. Successive changes of root canal dressing were performed and the root canal was definitely obturated at 3 years and 6 months after onset of treatment. The present paper reports on a case of severe intrusive luxation, discusses the different treatments recommended for repositioning of traumatically intruded teeth, and questions the ideal period of maintenance of calcium hydroxide dressing in the root canal, in an attempt to prevent the occurrence of root resorption and repair any existing resorption.
Re‐attachment of a fractured tooth: a case report
Authors: Arhun Neslihan , Ungor Mete
Published: July 2007

Abstract –  A 16‐year‐old patient who fractured her maxillary central incisors is presented. One of the original tooth fragments was available. The fracture was clean and there was no pulpal exposure. Juxtaposition of the fragment to the tooth showed that the margins of each fitted well against each other and no interfragmentary space was present. The fragment was re‐attached with an adhesive bonding agent and the other tooth was restored with a resin composite. The esthetic result achieved in a single appointment was excellent. The tooth was vital and there was no change in the color of the tooth in 1‐year recall.
Inextinguishable Laughter
Authors: Reeves John-Baptist
Published: July 2007

Father Ronald Knox thinks, but is not sure, that modern humour is degenerate satire. However uncertain he may be in his theories in his practice of both humour and satire he has the certainty of a very great master. Success in satire is readily proved by the way those who are ridiculed sit up and take notice. In the case of Father Knox there are still more eloquent witnesses to success; namely, those who are accustomed to satire, yet find themselves omitted by a master as too easy or venerable a prey. Witness, indeed, the rage against this book by our venerable friend The Tablet.

Every line of Father Knox’s introductory Essay is richly suggestive. I select the only two of his remarks that provoke me to a difference of opinion.

He thinks that St. Thomas has omitted from the Summa Theologica the question of humour before the Fall; and that, for lack of space. The Summa is an encyclopedia, but not the modern sort. It classifies its subject-matter according to place in the universe, not according to place of first letter in the local alphabet. Therefore, you will not find a special paragraph beginning Humour before the Fall, with elsewhere, Fall, Humour before the. You will not; even find a special section on Humming Birds.
The Contribution of Sydney Smith
Authors: Clayton Joseph
Published: July 2007

The Anglican episcopate in the House of Lords cut a sorry figure in the debates on Catholic Emancipation. To the last the bishops of the established Church resisted by vote and speech every proposal that would, as the Bishop of Bangor put it in 1808, place Catholics ‘on an equal footing with Protestants’; or, as the Bishop of Lincoln declared in 1828, ‘endanger the Protestant Establishment.’ Nor was the high churchmanship of the ancient university of Oxford more favourable to the civil rights of Catholics. John Henry Newman himself signed the petition against Catholic Emancipation—there were many of these petitions—and the university unseated Peel when he appealed to the electorate in 1829 as a supporter of Catholic claims.

But one distinguished clergyman of the Church of England, Sydney Smith, Canon of St. Paul’s, did most consistently and whole-heartedly champion the Catholic cause. With wit and humour, with knowledge and, above all, with a sincerity that lifted the argument above mere advocacy, Sydney Smith strove year after year for the accomplishment of justice. And he wrote so well that The Letters of Peter Plymley and the articles in The Edinburgh Review are capital reading to-day. A forceful writer, thoroughly well informed of his subject, sure of his ground and equally sure of the mentality of the people he addressed, Sydney Smith struck as skilfully and as fearlessly as Cobbett did at iniquity.
The Spirituality of Mother Therese Couderc
Authors: Hugon Edouard
Published: July 2007

I have in my hands the letters and intimate notes of Mother Thérèse and the testimonies of the nuns who knew her most intimately, and it seems to me that it will be useful to give in a sort of précis the spiritual teachings of the venerable Mother. It will be easy to correlate them if one bears in mind that her entire life was orientated towards the mystery of the Cenacle.

It was on the Day of Pentecost itself that Marie Victoire Couderc made her First Communion at the age of ten years. From that time began to be verified in her regard the Divine Promise: ‘If you love me, keep my Commandments. And I will ask the Father, and He shall give you another Paraclete, that He may abide with you forever. The Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth Him not, nor knoweth him; but you shall know Him; because He shall abide with you, and shall be in you’ (St. John xiv, 15, 16, 17).

Her whole life, like that of her Institute, will be to reproduce the role of Mary in the Cenacle. Now the Blessed Virgin in the Cenacle gives herself up (se livre) entirely to God, lives with God without ever losing consciousness of His Presence, and enjoys that permanent habitation of the Three Adorable Persons within her which is a foretaste of Eternity. But the contemplation of the Divinity does not make her lose the remembrance of the mysteries of the life and passion of her Son, and the Mother who was martyr with Jesus upon Calvary longs to fill up in her own person that which is wanting to the passion of the Redeemer.
At Communion
Authors: Maynard Theodore
Published: July 2007

Now love to this unloving breast

Has come, abandoning a throne; And trustful as a child at rest He lays His head—upon a stone.

The Holy One to this foul cell

Descends to banquet there with me. What can I offer but the smell And running sores of leprosy?

Ah God! Ah Son of Man! Without A miracle how can it be?

Make now the very stones cry out,

The leper clean to welcome Thee..

Theodore Maynard.
Pope and Maguire
Authors: Quigley E. J.
Published: July 2007

The state of Ireland a hundred years ago was sad. Acute, and widespread poverty, hunger, rags, hovels met the eyes of travellers at every turn in every town, village and roadside. The Irish knew the causes. Visitors and those who there sat in the seats of the mighty knew that all evils in Ireland and elsewhere came from one, and only one source, the Catholic Church.

Hence with an overpowering zeal the State-paid Church in Ireland, with its followers, judges, lord lieutenants, army officers, landlords, land agents, squires, government officials, and parsons, banded themselves together to cure permanently Ireland’s woes, to extirpate the Catholic Faith, to convert to Protestantism of any shade all the Irish from Cork to Derry. It was rather a big programme, a big campaign, and had proved for centuries a failure disastrous. New methods were adopted. The sword had failed, eviction had failed, well engineered poverty and crime had failed. An appeal to the souls of the poor misguided Papishes, a big campaign of Bible distribution, of blasphemy by well-trained bigot parsons, by tracts deriding the Mass, Confession, the Pope, Mary, the Mother of God. Every market and fair had its street preachers, with their select blasphemy, lies, filthy stories about convents. In Westmoreland Street, Dublin, in a window of a leading shop was a picture in two parts, a hideous Indian idol, and a mouse gnawing a Host, and beneath were the words, ‘Two Idols.’ People were pestered by insulting remarks on Catholic doctrine, with tracts galore, and were pained by the reports of the sermons, the speeches, the boastings of the thousands and thousands of converts flocking daily to the services in Protestant churches, renouncing Rome, embracing the Bible, reading it hourly and blessing God for the light of the Gospel denied them by the accursed church of Rome, the harlot of the Seven Hills.
The Emancipation of Indifference
Authors: McHugh Joseph
Published: July 2007

Let the words I shall say be directed and recommended to you by the following weighty principle of St. Thomas Aquinas :—

‘Excellence of the person never diminishes sin; but on the contrary increases it. Therefore a sin is not less grievous in a believer than in an unbeliever; but much more so.

‘For the sins of an unbeliever are more deserving of forgiveness, on account of their ignorance,’ according to 1 Tim. 1, 13. I obtained the mercy of God because I did it ignorantly in my unbelief; whereas the sins of believers are more grievous on account of the sacraments of grace, according to Heb. X, 29. How much more do you think he deserveth worse punishments .... who hath esteemed the blood of the testament unclean by which he was sanctified.’

The two previous speakers in dealing with Atheism and Protestantism have been happy in finding that their contributions to our Emancipation joy have not led them into even the shadow of criticism of their fellow-Catholics. Atheism is not a weed within the true fold; nor is Protestantism a mode of Catholic ill-health. Sometimes an ardent Catholic apostle or an over-logical Catholic apologist will ask in irony if his inconsequent Catholic hearers really believe in God or really reject Luther or Elizabeth. But if a speaker at this Congress was to deal with the emancipation of Catholic Atheists or of Catholic Protestants his words would raise a laugh or a protest. Those would protest who had not the wit to avoid taking his words literally; and those would laugh who saw in the speaker’s exaggeration a sally of burlesque wit.
The Dud
Authors: Richings Ronald
Published: July 2007

He is the spoilt boy at home, the only child. Nearly always he has his own way, although he is often deprived of little necessities and many innocuous superfluities through his parents’ lack of thought, or laziness.

He is adored, and never rebuked for interesting himself in affairs that do not concern him; indeed, all subjects, private and public, are discussed before him without reticence, and he is permitted, often encouraged, to take a disproportionate share in conversations that once would have been reserved until the younger generation were absent. His parents desire to keep him with them in and out of season, so that when friends pay visits he seems parasitic and entirely unattractive. Being so much in company with grown-ups, his early outlook on life is perverted, for a precocious child must of necessity be unbalanced, since he has neither the experience, the judgement, nor the reason required for a studied point of view; but he early discovers the way to inspire his parents with admiration; he has little else to do; and presently he is elevated to a pedestal which, he becomes aware, is sometimes pleasantly secure, but occasionally very precarious, and he is so hard put to it to retain his place that he welcomes the aid of lying when he is in difficulties and the aid of ‘showing off’ when he is quite at ease; for he is quick to sense the disappointment of his parents when he falls below the standard they have arbitrarily set him, and he is fearful to lose grown-ups’ privileges.
Saints and Animals
Authors: Gumbley Walter
Published: July 2007

Animals play a very prominent part in the Lives of the Saints, and for this reason they have, if useful, been placed under the protection or, if harmful, under the ban of some chosen patron saint. But in charity we must add that the only animal apparently without a heavenly friend is the snake, whose stout enemies are St. Paul, bitten by a viper in Malta, and St. Patrick, who chased all serpents out of Ireland. Another Irish saint, a hermit named Sauman, is invoked against poisonous reptiles, because some time in the seventh century he cured the Duke of Gascony’s daughter when bitten by an adder.

Rats and mice, who live in a world of enemies, find saints amongst their friends, particularly Blessed Martin of Porres (+1635), a Dominican Tertiary, who lived in the great convent of Lima. He used to feed the rats and mice at the end of the garden, but forbade them to enter the building; and he was, we are told, obeyed. He used to say that these little creatures would do no harm if they were fed daily as human beings are. Accordingly, though he was their friend, he is invoked against their depredations. Bd. Martin, if he cannot be, considered as the best-known animal-lover amongst the saints,, deserves to rank as their most practical friend. He made a little hospital for lost dogs and cats, and all sorts of suffering animals till his patients outgrew their accommodation, whereupon he persuaded his wealthy sister to give them lodging in her house, whither he repaired daily to doctor them.
Did Savonarola Disobey the Pope?
Authors: Hogan Stanislaus M.
Published: July 2007

Savonarola’s adversaries had failed in their attempt to have him condemned, but as Florence was firm in her refusal to break the alliance with Charles VIII, and as this attitude was attributed to Savonarola’s exhortations, in all probability another effort would be made to have him silenced. One of the strongest opponents of the Alliance was Alexander VI. He knew that Cardinal della Rovere had urged Charles to have him deposed and that this same Cardinal, a refugee in France, was pressing the King to have a Council summoned for the reformation of the Church. The fear of a Council was therefore a very real one for Alexander, and in order to paralyse Charles VIII, it was necessary to cripple Savonarola.

On October 16th, 1495, Alexander VI issued another Brief, Licet uberius, by which the former Brief Quia divini consilii of September 8th was annulled. The Pope had received Savonarola’s letter of September 29th and the copy of the letter of July 31st, and accepted Savonarola’s reasons for not having gone to Rome. By ‘some hitherto unexplained cause,’ Pastor tells us, this Brief ‘did not arrive till after the 26th of October.’
La Boul'Neu
Authors: Balfour M. C.
Published: July 2007

In that strip of country that lies between France and North Brittany, and is locally known as the pays gallot, the racial characteristics of the people are peculiar. They come of a very anciently mixed stock, and do not closely resemble either of their neighbours; less excitable than the French, they are shallower and more pleasure-loving than the Bretons, and if they follow their church with no less faith, they treat it, sometimes, with more levity. They fulfil the duties that belong to the solemn days of Lent and Easter—though in Saint-Malo, at any rate, carnival has a surprising habit of breaking out on all the earlier Sundays of Lent—but they are very ready to turn to the irresponsibilities of life with a sense of having done all that is required of them. They lose no time in starting on that amazing series of fairs and assemblèes that follow on each other’s heels during the latter half of April and May.

In the district surrounding Saint-Malo, indeed, one of the oldest and best-beloved of these assemblèes is held no later than on Easter Monday, when all the world and his wife, his children and his neighbours, set forth on their yearly pilgrimage to La Boul’neu— which is, being interpreted, the very ancient fair of Bourgneuf, a small village on the road between Dinard and Pleurtuit. It is not, of course, a pilgrimage in any literal sense of the word to-day; but of what it may have been in the past it is impossible to speak with certainty.
University Catholic Societies
Authors: Fish Thomas
Published: July 2007

Thirty-Five years ago, the Holy See, in a letter to the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda, declared it would tolerate the presence of Catholic students at non-Catholic Universities in England. (April 2nd, 1895).

A few weeks later, the Holy See addressed a letter to Cardinal Vaughan (April 17th). That letter set out the conditions under which Catholic men might be allowed to attend the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

The point which is pertinent here is that the letter is concerned with safeguards of the faith and morals of such Catholics as attend those Universities; that the safeguards are (1) regular courses of lectures in Philosophy, History and Religion should be given by Catholic professors to the Catholic students; (2) that the Catholic students who attend non-Catholic Universities are bound to attend the lectures which are specially given for their benefit, and that both parents and the Bishops should see that this is carried out.
Did Savonarola Disobey the Pope?—III
Authors: Hogan Stanislaus M.
Published: July 2007

The fourth command of Alexander VI was contained in the Brief Reformationi et augmento, dated November 7th, 1496, but unlike the previous commands it was not imposed upon Savonarola only, it was given to the Priors and communities of sixteen Dominican houses, one of which was San Marco in Florence. No superior or religious was mentioned by name in the Brief. By this Brief a new Congregation or group of Dominican houses was established, to be known as the Tuscan-Roman Congregation of the Order of Preachers, and a Vicar General of this Congregation was to be appointed by Cardinal Caraffa after consultation with the Master General of the Order. He was to hold office for two years, and at the end of this time an election was to be held as prescribed by the Constitution of the Order. On November 17th, 1496, Father Jacopo da Sicilia was appointed Vicar-General of the newly established Tuscan-Roman Congregation and Savonarola acknowledged him as his Superior. We draw attention to this statement, for we shall see that some writers deny it.

The Brief of November pleased no one. The Tuscan houses did not wish to be separated from the Congregation of Lombardy, and the opposition to such separation was so strong that several superiors were deposed from office and threatened with imprisonment.
The Anti-Papal Prejudice
Authors: Clayton Joseph
Published: July 2007

This anti-papal prejudice crops up over and over again in the history of our own and earlier times. Hardly is it to be eradicated, for the roots of the disease’ are in many lands a national inheritance, and Catholics share with non-Catholics the responsibility for keeping the prejudice alive. (How much alive it is affairs in Malta have manifested.) Father Thurston, patiently investigating the falsehoods of the enemy, exposes masonic libels, the foul pornography of popular writers on Vatican scandals, the mistakes and misrepresentations of our incorrigible Dr. G. G. Coulton, the queer perversions of fact offered to the public by Dean Inge and other Anglicans. It is all done very thoroughly, this investigation, and a vast amount of research has been involved. A noble anxiety for historic truth and a willingness to expand to the uttermost a large capacity for taking pains have always distinguished Father Thurston’s work, and these things are, in this examination of the significance of the ‘No Popery !’ cry, as conspicuous as ever.

Has this prejudice its mainspring—as Father Thurston suggests, quoting from John Galsworthy in support of the suggestion—in the readiness of many to believe anything discreditable of public men?
Victory and Defeat in Spain
Authors: Parker Alexander
Published: July 2007

With the ignorance that is so common in matters concerning Spain, it is often stated and more generally thought that Spain was an obstacle to the Renaissance, if by Renaissance is understood the Reformation, then the statement is true. As it stands it is far from the truth. It is lamentable enough that the simplest facts about Spain should not form part of the average Englishman’s education, but such ignorance is unpardonable in a Catholic. This attitude towards Spain has a long and interesting history behind it, but it is time it were abandoned. Mere misguided supposition should give way to intelligent search and, what is even more important, to intelligent understanding.

No period of Spanish history is more instructive and enlightening than the Renaissance and post-Renaissance period from 1475 to 1700. It was the period that saw Spain rise from a group of medieval states to the premier position among the nations of the world and then sink down into a condition of almost complete political insignificance. The Renaissance in Spain explains both medieval and modern Spain. It is the logical development of the one as well as the necessary cause of the other.
Modernist Protestantism
Authors: McNabb Vincent
Published: July 2007

It is an arguable thesis that the Protestantism which broke off from catholic unity in the sixteenth century is now most authentically represented by the group calling itself ‘The Modern Churchmen’s Union for the advancement of Liberal Religious Thought.’ Not that these modern ecclesiastical Liberals have fewer inconsistencies in doctrine and practice than have the other insurgents against the de facto and de jure Catholic Church. Thus even the authentic ‘aims of the Modern Churchmen’s Union’ as authentically stated in the Report (p. xvii) contain the following :

1. To affirm the continuance and progressive character of the revelation given by the Holy Spirit in the sphere of knowledge and conduct.’

(a) For the moment we are at a loss to know how the President of the Union, Dean Inge, has allowed the category of Progress to find a place in the aims. His broadside attack on the modern idea of Progress is remembered by us as one of the most refreshing draughts in modern English letters.
Assisi of Saint Francis
Authors: Lechmere Joscelyne
Published: July 2007

’ It is built with bulwarks : a thousand bucklers hang upon it, all the armour of valiant men.—(Cant. IV. 4.)

In all the world there is no town to compare with this little walled city seated on a spur of the Umbrian Hills. No place is so intimately and exclusively bound up with the ever-continuing memory of one man. For Assisi is Saint Francis, and Saint Francis is Assisi. One cannot remain an hour there without fully realising this all-embracing fact. Yet to appreciate all that Assisi stands for, a short stay of a day or two is not enough. Some persons, even Catholics, are content to limit their visit to this city which is so wholly a shrine, to a few hours, and even take it as a place to see en passant on a motor drive from Perugia.

I myself reached Assisi with somewhat mixed feelings. The whole countryside was enveloped in mist and driving rain. Accommodation at an Albergo seemed rough, after home comforts. And—worst of all—one felt little or no devotion, only dryness in place of exaltation, and, I am even ashamed to confess the word, a sense of possible boredom in contemplating a more than very brief stay. Yet in less than twenty-four hours this feeling of desolation gave way to intense joy and inward peace. Assisi’s Saint Francis had worked that magic spell over me that has been his to exercise during seven centuries on the hearts of men of good will. I cannot explain it otherwise. The weather for an Italian May continued atrocious, and the hotel food unappetising to an English palate. But one had found the spirit of Assisi, and nothing else mattered.
Extra Facilities for Drinking
Authors: Richings Ronald
Published: July 2007

A misleading title. It is, I believe, the title of an Act of Parliament; but let it not be supposed that it stands for the convenience of thirsty citizens; on the contrary, it heralds danger for those who, licensed by law to trade in liquor, venture to make their premises more comfortable for their clients. Only recently a publican suffered under the Act because he had the temerity to remove wooden partitions so as to make a wall straight instead of alcoved; he suffered, not by being imprisoned or fined, but only by being prosecuted and forced to employ King’s Counsel to save his means of livelihood; for the Act ordains that structural alterations to a licensed house are illegal unless specially sanctioned by law.

The fact that the publican in question was not more drastically punished must have perturbed many of the decorous who read of his acquittal; but let them rest secure; the Law leaves little undone that may embarrass the publican in his nefarious trade.