bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GESTÃO DOS RESÍDOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE BAURU/SP
Authors: Carlos Rino
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to carry out an evaluation of urban solid waste management in the city of Bauru/SP, focusing on urban solid waste management and urban cleaning services. In a first stage, a theoretical survey of publications was carried out, with the main aspects being researched: existence and scope of legislation, municipal basic sanitation plan, municipal solid waste management plan. The second stage comprised the consolidation of data obtained in the theoretical survey. The third step consisted of conducting field visits. In Bauru, the responsibilities of the Municipal Public Power related to solid waste are found in three municipal laws. Data from the 2016 Municipal Plan for Basic Sanitation show that the annual generation of solid domestic waste, in 2015, was approximately 97,078 tons, which leads to a per capita generation of 0.74 Kg/inhabitant.day. In field visits, it was found that there were several illegal disposal sites for solid household waste in the municipality. It was concluded that the management of urban solid waste and urban cleaning services in the city of Bauru are performed satisfactorily. As positive aspects: the existence of specific legislation for the management of solid waste in the municipality, the universalization of conventional household collection services, the realization of selective collection services in 80% of the urban area of the municipality, the existence of 3 cooperatives of recyclable material collectors, sending household waste to a licensed landfill, carrying out public cleaning services in 100% of the urban headquarters and the existence of 8 Ecopoints for receiving waste. The main negative aspect was the existence of places with irregular disposal of household solid waste. The improvement of environmental education programs related to solid waste management and urban cleaning services is recommended.
Prevalence of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls on Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) and Non WIFS Group in Rural Schools of Mangalore, Karnataka; a Comparative Study
Authors: Hameed Shahul , Muskan Gousiya Mubashireen , K Chethana , KG Kiran
Published: March 2022

Background: Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme is an initiative to decrease the burden of anaemia among adolescents studying in Government schools.

Objective: To assess the difference in prevalence of anaemia among Government school-going adolescents girls on WIFS as compared to private school girls not on WIFS.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls, 7th to 10th standard in Government schools (on WIFS) and private schools (not on WIFS). The sample size in each group was 104, selected by multi-stage sampling. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, clinical examination and haemoglobin estimation. Chi-square test and Unpaired t test used to compare the categorical and continuous variables respectively.

Results: The prevalence of anaemia among the school children in government schools was 51% and in the private schools it was 64.4%. The mean haemoglobin was 11.77 ± 1.41 and 11.34 ± 1.49 in government and private school girls, respectively, which was statistically significant (p=0.013).

Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia among the government school girls was lesser as compared to the private schools girls, suggesting the role of WIFS in the reduction of prevalence of anemia. WIFS programme may be extended to private schools as well.
Locked- Down of Intimacy, Sexuality and Relationship during Covid Pandemic: Short Review
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Rohilla Kusum R , Singh Ankita , Kumari Anita , Sharma Raman
Published: March 2022

The Covid pandemic brought a hard time for sexual and reproductive health. Lockdown and covid restrictions made it difficult to maintain healthy sexual life and relationship. Although Covid is not a sexually transmitted disease and but can get a transfer into others by close contact with suspected or confirmed positive partners. Sexual health is essential for couples to maintain trust, intimacy, and love in their relationships. Reportedly sexual practices of couples changed accordingly to avoid any possible risk of transfer of deadly Covid infection. This paper is a review of studies published during past two years of pandemic. Even when people showing high levels of resilience, the negative aspects of pandemic and lockdown could affect their quality of sexual life. We are witnessing a century’s crisis where the whole world is under threat of rapidly spreading the new infection COVID -19 and the overall global impact of this new pandemic is yet uncertain.
Región y revolución liberal en el Perú hispano: las diputaciones provinciales (1820-1824)
Authors: Sala i Vila Núria
Published: March 2022

La Constitución de 1812 creó la diputación provincial como una institución electiva, dotada de múltiples competencias —hacienda, obras públicas, educación, beneficencia, justicia, demarcación territorial, instrucciones a los diputados a Cortes, misiones en Ultramar...—. Se analizará el caso peruano (1812-1814 y 1820-1824): los procesos electorales, la prosopografía de sus diputados y su acción de gobierno, sus relaciones con otros organismos estatales y su influencia en las dinámicas políticas regionales, en el contexto de las guerras por la independencia y de confrontación de distintos proyectos liberales.
Factors Influencing Nursing Students’ Decision to Choose the Nursing Education Program in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyanova Rumyana
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to establish the factors influencing nursing students’ decision to choose the nursing education program in Bulgaria. Methodology: An anonymous survey was carried out among 160 nursing students in March of 2016, using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in order to achieve the aim of the study and asked for information about the demographic characteristics of the respondents, and 10 questions that asked students to evaluate on the scale of 1 to 5 (from “Completely agree” to “Completely disagree”) their choice and satisfaction with the decision to study Nursing. These questions were arrived at in brainstorming sessions with groups of 7 - 9 students and secondary information from numerous studies. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics of the data, non-parametric and factor analysis, using the SPSS 17.0. Results: The results of the analysis showed that student motivation to enroll in this particular university program depends on four types of factors, which account for 59,30% of the studied variable. The motivating factors are interconnected, and have been grouped in the following way: F1 – Social and economic determinants, F2 – Quality of education, F3 – Market situation in the country, F4 – Opportunity to work abroad. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was 0.601 (i.e. 0.5) and the Bartlett's test of sphericity was Sig.=0.00, which demonstrates the suitability of the factor analysis. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided valuable information regarding motivating factors which attract the current generation to join the nursing education program
Culinary Processes as Body of Knowledge and Cultural Phenomenon
Authors: GAUTAM Hitesh
Published: March 2022

The central broadest interest besides nutritional values and culinary procedures evaluated there is also commitment to the reflections on the presence of food in ceremonial and communal festivals across the world. For that reason and as focused discourse this paper would give specific cultural examples from Hindu traditions. Discreetly never losing sight of the intercultural interests that give sense of daily nourishments being also as sharable metaphors and part of communal bonding in many cultures. Four examples of culinary techniques will be the approach to the researched tested and transmitted ways of nourishment.1. Ghee: Clarified butter traditionally made by churning fermented milk curd and boiled until fat is separated from milk solids. Discussed are the practicality and symbology of the most commonly used substance in Indian subcontinents as a nourishment, social sharing and part of auspicious rituals and religious beliefs 2. Khichri: As old as Vedic time researched by Rishi’s tested and integrated into daily diet as highly nutritive value, culinary delicacy and also used for dish as celebrating new crop, alleviating medical conditions. The chapter would also look into Khichri as a part of food folklore and food proverbs. 3. Galouti Kebab: Extremely tenderized and fine textured Lamb’s ground meat. Associated in Indian subcontinent as an example of desirable delicacy. It was minced nine times to get extremely fine texture and marinated with spices and raw papaya as a tenderizer. This procedure and its story of origin (Emperor Nawab Asad-ud-Daula 1748 -1797) will be discussed as an example of a relationship of story and food process and enjoyment. Conclusions:In closing the general reflections on culinary skills commitment, social engagement and aesthetic values will be complimented and briefly summarized by presences of traditional, historic and contemporary cultural values
Solid and Liquid Waste in Manjai-Kotu: A Potential Source of Energy for Agriculture and Households in the Serekunda Area (The Gambia)
Authors: JARJU Aruna M , SOLLY Boubacar , JARJU Ousman M.
Published: March 2022

Due to rapid population growth and economic activity, disposal of solid and liquid waste has become a major problem in and around Serekunda (Gambia). The solid waste collected in the Kanifing Municipal Council, which is the most densely populated municipality in the Gambia, is dumped openly on the Kotu landfill site. The only technique used to dispose of this waste at the site is open burning. As for the liquid waste collected in households and industries, it is discharged in open air at several sites and in rivers. All of this constitutes a significant environmental and health hazard. They are sources of air, soil and groundwater pollution, and acute respiratory infections (AIRs). Despite this, no recycling technique for this waste, which is concerned with the environment and human well-being, has been developed by the Gambian Government so far. However, this waste can be renewed and used as energy in several areas, including agriculture and households. This study, carried out as part of the research themes of the West African Institute for Research and Development (WARDI), aims to identify technologies that can be used to recycle waste for irrigation, compost, and energy.
MYD88 Gene Polimorphism in Patients With Chronic Lenfoid Leukemia
Authors: Tiryaki-Yikrik N. Irem , Ozaslan Mehmet , Bayil-Oguzkan Sibel , Yilmaz Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Leukemia is a type of cancer that manifests itself with the excessive proliferation of blood cells, especially white blood cells, and affects the blood production system in the body. Leukemias are classified as acute or chronic and according to the extent and development of the tumor. In chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL), cancer cells are found in the bone marrow, blood, and lymph nodes. Therefore, in this study, the effects of polymorphisms in the MYD88 gene of CLL patients were investigated. For this purpose, 100 patients diagnosed with CLL and 70 healthy individuals without cancer history were included in the study as the control group. DNA was isolated from CLL patients and control groups. Polymorphisms in the MYD88 (L265p T/C) promoter regions were studied by RT-PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated directly. Statistical significance of genotypic distributions between CLL patients and control groups was evaluated with Z Ratios test and Fisher's Exact test.For the MYD88 L265p T/C region in 100 CLL patients, 95 wild type TT, 3 TC and 5 mutant type CC genotypes were detected. No statistically significant difference was found between CLL patients and control groups in the MYD88 L265p T/C region (p 0.05). According to the allele frequencies of the region, it was determined as 0.965 and 0.065 for T and C, respectively. According to Fisher's Exact results, it was calculated as 0.078 for TT, 0.078 for TC and 0.269 for Mutant, respectively. The MYD88 genotype frequencies of the patients included in the study do not appear to be statistically correlated with CLL patients. The research we have done as a result of our study will shed light on the studies with different SNPs to be made with the increase in the number of CLL patients..
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MENJATUHAN HUKUMAN PIDANA BAGI ANGGOTA TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA DESERSI
Authors: Ingratubun Fitriyah , Tamher Samsul , Widodo Gatot
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini dengan judul Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhan Hukuman Pidana BagiAnggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Desersi,penelitian ini dilakukandi Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Militer III-19 Jayapura, metode dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridisnormatif dan yuridis empirik, Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Pertimbangan hakimdalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap anggota TNI telah sesuai mengacu pada Pasal 86 sampaidengan Pasal 89 KUHPM terdapat ketidak sesauaian tentang Sanksi pidana desersi. Hal ini terbuktidengan dakwaan yang diberikan oleh oditur militer sehingga berdampak pada sangsi yang diberikanhakim, Faktor penjatuhan hukuman dalam proses tindak pidana desersi terdapat faktor internal danexternal yang mana berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat adanya faktor di luar lingkungan sehinggaberdapak pada penerapan Hukum pidana desersi
Efektivitas Perda Provinsi Papua Nomor 15 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelarangan Produksi, Pengedaran Dan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Tri yanuaria  , Budiyanto
Published: March 2022

Efektivitas Perda Provinsi Papua Nomor 15 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelarangan Produksi, PengedaranDan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol tidak berjalan secara efektiv , adapun pengkajiannya denganmenggunakan teori Soerjono Soekanto yang mana efektivitas hukum ditentukan dengan 5 (lima) yaitu1. Faktor Hukumnya Sendiri 2. Faktor Penegak Hukum.3. Faktor Sarana atau Fasilitas , 4. Faktor Masyarakat 5. Faktor Kebudayaan. Kendala-kendala Dalam Penerapan Perda Provinsi Papua Nomor15 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelarangan Produksi, Pengedaran Dan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol diKota Jayapura adalah terkait dengan kendala dari segi Substansi peraturan, kendala dari segikewenangan yang lemah petugas Satpol PP Provinsi Papua dalam melakukan tugasnya, kendalasarana atau fasilitas yang berkaitan dengan Protap atau Standar Oprasional Prosedur (SOP), kendalakesadaran dan kepatuhan hukum masyarakat yang masih kurang, masih kentalnya meniru budayabarat yang buruk dalam kehidupan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Perda Provinsi Papua Nomor 15 Tahun 2013 tentang PelaranganProduksi, Pengedaran Dan Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol, Kota Jayapura
Implementasi Diversi Pada Tingkat Penyidikan Sebagai Upaya Pelindungan Anak Yang Berkonflik Dengan Hukum
Authors: Yulianus Pabassing  , Kadir  Katjong
Published: March 2022

Berdasarkan Undang-Undang nomor 35 Tahun 2014 mengatur tentang perlindungananak. Adanya perangkat hukum yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap anak sudahseharusnya diimplementasikan secara nyata yang memandang anak bukan saja sebagaibagian dari manusia seutuhnya namun juga perlindungan terhadap generasi bangsa yangmemiliki Hak Asasi. Anak yang melakukan pelanggaran akn dilakukan proses diversi. Tujuandalam penulisan ini untuk mengetahui implementasi diversi pada tingkat penyidikan sebagaiupaya pelindungan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum. Metode penelitian yang dilakukanyakni dengan cara pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Pendekatanyuridis normatif dilakukan dengan mempelajari, melihat dan menelaah mengenai beberapahal yang bersifat teoritis yang menyangkut asas-asas hukum. Hasil dalam penelitian iniberdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tidak semua tindak pidana yang yangdilakukan oleh anak dapat didiversi, hanya tindak pidana tertentu saja. Implementasi diversibagaimanapun juga harus dilakukan secara selektif setelah melalui berbagai pertimbangan.Kenakalan anak yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam hal ini dilihat dari kategori kenakalanatau kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh anak tersebut. Kejahatan dapat dikategorikan dalam tigakategori yaitu tingkat ringan, sedang, dan berat. Secara umum anak–anak yang melakukankenakalan ringan sedapat mungkin diversi dilakukan. Untuk kejahatan berat maka diversibukanlah pilihan. Kata kunci: Diversi, Perlindungan Anak, Tindak Pidana
مقارنة مقدر بيز مع مقدر المربعات الصغرى لتقدير دالة المعولية التقريبية لتوزيع ويبل
Authors: العلاق مهدي , الياسري تهاني
Published: March 2022

في هذا البحث سوف يتم توضيح كيفية توظيف أسلوب بيز في طريقة White لتقدير دالة المعولية لتوزيع ويبل كأسلوب مقترح جديد لمعالجة هذه المشكله ، إذ سيتم الاعتماد على دالة معلومات مسبقة والمتمثلة بالدالة المرافقة الطبيعة ومقارنة نتائج مقدرات بيز مع مقدرات الأمكان الأعظم لطريقة White وباستخدام أسلوب المحاكاة.
A proposed strategy to secure web usage
Authors: Saleh Hillal , Hasheem Soukaena
Published: March 2022

With much data on the web, it can be difficult, frustrating, and seemingly impossible to find the exact information you need. There are many powerful search utilities on the web are called search engines, in addition to the visitor tracking in a web to study exactly the behavior of the web visitors, to improve the efficiency of that web. This research concentrates on a particular aspect, which is applying Data mining technique especially by association analysis algorithm on the encrypted web log files, that to ensure the privacy of the original data for these files. So since the input data introduced to mining algorithm is encrypted then the resulted association rules are encrypted that to ensure the privacy of the extracted knowledge. Then analyze the decrypted web log data file for the web usage, to study the visitor tracking. According to this study the server configurations and all the services will be improved.
Premises Reduction of Rule-Based Expert Systems Using Association Rules Technique
Authors: Sadiq Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The heart of expert system is the knowledge base that determines the power of expert system and search engine space. The one important form of this knowledge is the production rule. The premises of these rules are the heart of production rules, therefore, the reduction of these premises is very useful to reduce the time and space in search engine. In this paper an approach will be presented to reduce the premises of production rules using association rules algorithm especially Apriori algorithm. Applying this approach gives a logical premise reduction which plays a good role in the search engine.
SHA_1 Enhancement Based on Resilent Boolean Function
Authors: Yousif Ahmed , Atia Tayseer , Auadh Abdelsattar
Published: March 2022

SHA_1 is a one way hash function which is used in cryptographic systems to provide message authentication and integrity. In recent year this algorithm faced new type of attacks. These attacks make use of the simplicity of message expansion step to leak some information used to build a matching patterns or build differential path according to local collision. In this paper an enhanced version of SHA_1 was proposed depend on using resilent Boolean function which is a Boolean function that offers properties of balancedness, algebraic degree, correlation immunity and nonlinearity. This enhancement tends to countermeasures these attacks. Enhancement was made in two places for the original algorithm, first enhanced message expansion process, second change the value of 32 variable inputs to Boolean function in the algorithm.
طريقة المسافة ألتربيعيه الحصينة (QDE) ومقارنتها مع بعض طرق التقدير الحصينة الأخرى مع تطبيق عملي
Authors: الصراف مصطفى , المهنا فراس , ألبياتي غفران
Published: March 2022

نموذج الانحدار اللوجستي تعتبر من النماذج المهمة التي استخدمت في تصنيف، وبخاصة في المجالات الطبية والبيولوجية. كما نموذج الانحدار العادية، تتأثر نموذج لوجستية من الملاحظات غريبة وسيتم المقدرات لها تأثير بحساسية من القيم المتطرفة، وبالتالي، فإن هذه المقدرات تكون غير دقيقة وغير مجدية. ولذلك، مثيرة للاهتمام الباحثين تركز على "وسائل قوية" إلى اقتراحات جديدة تجاه عدد من المشاكل أو وظائف. على الرغم من أن هناك عدة طرق التعامل مع هذا الموضوع، لكنها لا تزال تهدف إلى استخدام بعض النهج التي يمكن أن تجعل التوازن بين هذه الملاحظات من خلال تطبيق الأوزان المرتبطة بتلك الملاحظات التي يعتقد أن القيم المتطرفة، ومع أصغر الوزن من أولئك الذي ترتبط بقية البيانات. وهكذا، سوف تركز هذه الورقة على طريقة قوية حديثة بعنوان "مقدر المسافة من الدرجة الثانية IQ.DE1". وعلاوة على ذلك، بعض وسائل أخرى مثل: تحقيق R & M. الهدف الأكثر أهمية في هذه الورقة إلى دراسة ومقارنة بعض الطرق مع وجود قوي وتبادلي. أيضا باستخدام أسلوب من الدرجة الثانية مقدر المسافة على بيانات حقيقية للمرضى والتي تتخذ من مستشفى بابل لغرض المعلمات تقدير ثنائي نموذج الانحدار اللوجستي
Intrusion Detection in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Thajeal Salam
Published: March 2022

As the recent denial-of-service attacks on several major Internet sites have shown us, no open computer network is immune from intrusions. The wireless ad-hoc network is particularly vulnerable due to its features of open medium, dynamic changing topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and management point, and lack of a clear line of defense. Many of the intrusion detection techniques developed on a fixed wired network are not applicable in this new environment. How to do it differently and effectively is a challenging research problem. In this paper, we examine the vulnerabilities of a wireless ad-hoc network, and describe the new intelligent intrusion detection and response mechanisms (using neural network) that we are developing for wireless ad-hoc networks.
Tables For Limiting Masking And Swamping Effects According To Tietjen And Moore Test
Authors: Abid Salah
Published: March 2022

When the number of outliers in the sample is unknown , two phenomena , namely the masking and swamping effect can occur . In this paper , tables were constructed for limiting masking and swamping effects according to Tietjen And Moore Test .
WATERMARK TECHNIQUE FOR AUTHENTICATION OF VISIBLY WATERMARK IMAGES
Authors: Hassan Mohammed
Published: March 2022

With the rapid spread of computer networks and the wide use of multimedia technologies, many watermarking techniques are now under development and investigation for protecting owner's intellectual rights. Watermarks can be divided into two types, visible and invisible watermarks, physical visible watermarks have been used for centuries. Now days it is used in digital library, in video broad casting, and other multimedia services. The visible watermark may face several problems. Among these problems, watermark removal and unauthorized insertion are two main concern. This paper proposes a method of invisible watermark to overcome these problems. The watermarking process based on hiding a selected watermark object, that holds a little a mount of information relative to the source object, inside the cover image which has to be authenticated. The processes are based on using invisible watermarks to protect visibly watermarked images which are done by using different techniques. The experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm can provide a very effective protection for watermarked images.
دراسة في قانون مكافحة الارهاب رقم 13 لسنة 2005
Authors: صالح انور , حسين عذراء
Published: March 2022

يمثل الارهاب خطرا حقيقيا على المجتمعات البشرية وحضارتها وتقدمها لما يتسم به من اثارة الرعب والخوف والهلع بين المواطنين وذلك باستعمال العنف والقسوة والطرق الغير مشروعة وللحد من هذه الظاهره الخطيره شرع القانون رقم 13لسنة 2005 الخاص بهذه الجرائم
جدلٌ مفاهيمي حول تعريف الاحتمال عرضٌ بمنظورٍ فلسفي
Authors: القرشي احسان
Published: March 2022

يناقش البحث موضوع التطور التأريخي لتعريف الاحتمال واهم المحاولات التي قام بها علماء الإحصاء مثل ( Savage , Russell ) ... لجعل التعريف شاملاً ثم يعرج البحث الى طرح وجهة نظر الباحث والتي تتلخص بضرورة إعادة النظر بتعريف الاحتمال وفق منظور فلسفي
A House Solar Power Station
Authors: Hamad Kareem
Published: March 2022

Solar energy is one of the main power sources of electricity in the world. It has become widespread as an attractive solution to provide low power consumption to human groups live in remote villages or areas away from the national electric grid, also when the electric power is underproduction such as in our country (Iraq). For this reasons we designed a system of photovoltaic generator with facilities to be built in houses. The system consists of three basic parts of equipment, 3KW peak solar panels, which could be spread easily at the housetop, a storage battery system and the electrical control system. The electrical control system was completely designed and tested using ORCAD simulator, it consists of 4KW battery charge regulator with 300V system, and 220V, 50Hz transformerless three – level square wave inverter.
Prevalence of dental erosion among 11-12 year old school children in Baghdad– Al- Rusafa side
Authors: AL-Ubaidi Rand
Published: March 2022

Back ground: dental erosion is the irreversible loss of dental hard tissue by a direct acid attack which is due to chemical process not involving bacteria and not directly associated with mechanical or traumatic factors, or with dental caries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of dental erosion among the total sample which composed of 800 children. Material and method: this survey was conducted on children aged between 11-12 year old in three primary schools in Baghdad – Al- Rusafa side. The school children participated in this study were 800 (380 boys and 420 girls), the affected group was consisting of (31) boys and (24) girls. The level of erosion was recorded by using modified tooth wear index (1994).Results of this study showed that the prevalence of dental erosion was (6.87%), distributed as (3.13%) mild erosion, (2.5%) moderate erosion and (1.25%) severe erosion. Higher prevalence was found in boys (3.87%) than girls (3%) with significant difference.A statistically significant difference (P
Traveling Wave Solutions using Tanh Method for solving Kawahara and Modified Kawahara Equations
Authors: Mohamad- Jawad Anwar , Slibi Thair
Published: March 2022

This paper implemented very reliable technique which is called the Tanh method for solving evolution equations. The Tanh method has been successfully tested on two important Kawahara and modified Kawahara equations. The calculations demonstrate the effectiveness and convenience of Tanh method for solving nonlinearPDEs.
حول تقارب الشبكات والمرشحات S* -
Authors: محمود صبيحة
Published: March 2022

كرس هذا البحث لتقديم و دراسة العديد من الخواص التبولوجية لتقارب الشبكات من النمط- convergence of nets) s* - (s* وتقارب المرشحات من النمط - s* (s* - convergence of filters) مستخدمين مفهوم المجموعات المفتوحة من النمط - s* open sets) - . (s* كذلك درسنا بعض خواص النقاط العنقودية من النمط –s* cluster points) -s* ) للشبكات والمرشحات.
قياس سمة التفاؤل- التشاؤم لدى طلبة
Authors: شهيد سهاد
Published: March 2022

أجري البحث الحالي لقياس سمة التفاؤل – التشاؤم لدى طلبة كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد/الجامعة المستنصرية، و طبيعة الفروق بينهم في السمة المذكــورة بحسب الجنس ( ذكورا ، إنـاثا ). و لتحقيق ذلك طبق الباحث مقياس التشاؤم- التفاؤل على عينة من مجتمع البحث بلغ حجمها (300 ) طالب وطالبة وحللت البيانات إحصائيا و تبين أن ما يقرب من ثلثي أفراد العينة البالغ عددهم (194) وبنسبة (74.9%) من إجمالي أفراد العينة الكلية يتسمون بالتفاؤل- التشاؤم المعتدل, منهم (49%) ذكور, (51%) إناث. فيما بلغ عدد الأفراد ذوي التشاؤم المتطرف (104) وبنسبة(14.7%) من إجمالي العينة الكلية و(38) طالب وطالبة ,أي بنسبة (14.7%) من إجمالي العينة الكلية يتسمون بالتفاؤل المتطرف. كما يلاحظ اقتراب نسبتي الذكور والإناث في المستوى المعتدل من التفاؤل-التشاؤم إذ بلغ نسبة التشاؤم- التفاؤل المعتدل مقدار (70.8% مقابل 80.9%) للذكور والإناث على التوالي, فيما كانت نسبة الذكور اكبر من نسب الإناث في التشاؤم المتطرف, واكبر أيضا من الإناث في التفاؤل المتطرف, إذ بلغت النسب على التوالي( 13% مقابل 6.7%) في التشاؤم المتطرف و(16.2% مقابل12.4%) في التفاؤل المتطرف .
Significance Of Various Etiological Factors As An Indicator For The Persistence Of Median Diastema
Authors: Al-Hashimi Hadeel
Published: March 2022

Maxillary midline diastemas are a common esthetic problem that dentists must treat. This study was performed to quantify the width of median diastema and level of bone crest and to determine the type of inter-maxillary suture, familial prevalence, spacing in upper anterior region, axial inclination of upper centeral incisors, and low frenal attachment as the most contributing factors associated with median diastema. A standardized periapical radiographs using a paralleling technique with a film holder were taken to the (99) maxillary and/or mandibular centeral incisors with median diastema and to the (85) maxillary incisors with no diastema as a control group in adults with age range from 18-25 years old. Diastema width between 0.5-1 mm has a higher percent while diastema above 2 mm has a least percent. There is a non-significant difference in the level of alveolar crest of central incisor in both control and diastema groups. Type I intermaxillary suture type was the most common in control group while type II and III were the most common in diastema. There is a relationship between spacing and type of intermaxillary suture which can use as an indicator for the persistence of diastema from childhood in addition to familial history while frenum may has no effective role in developing median diastema. Axial inclination of central incisors is one of important factors that should be taken in consideration during treatment of median diastema
The Influence of Different Chemical Surface Treatment on Transverse Strength of Repaired Heat Cure Acrylic Resins
Authors: Al Nakash Suad , Kadhum Intisar
Published: March 2022

Denture fracture is one of the most common problems encountered by the patients and prosthodontics. An attempt have been made to improve the mechanical properties of the repaired heat cure acrylic resin by chemical surface treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the transverse strength of repaired conventional and hi-impact heat cure denture base resins with and without surface chemical treatment. .Four organic solvent which are available in the Iraqi market acetone, isopropanol, toluidine and ethyl acetate were used. A total of 100 specimens of 64±0.3×10±0.03×2.5±0.03mm dimensions were prepared, fifty specimens of each heat cure acrylic resin type (conventional and high impact), each fifty specimens were farther divided into five subgroups of 10 specimens as follow, control group (without surface treatment), surface treatment with organic solvent. The result of the study revealed that surface chemical treatment with acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and toluidine improved the transverse strength of repaired heat cure denture base when compared with control group. Tow-way ANOVA indicated that surface treatment had a significant influence on the transverse strength. It can be concluded surface chemical treatment with acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol and toluidine improved the transverse strength of repaired heat cure acrylic.
The Dissolving Capability Of Various Gutta-Percha Solvents
Authors: Numan Farid
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of three types of chemical solvents; tetrachloroethylene, xylene and eucalyptol oil in softening gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Thirty extracted human lower second premolars with single and straight canals were used in this study. All teeth had mature apices. The coronal portions of the experimental teeth were removed to standardize the length of the root (15 mm from apex to coronal end).Step-back instrumentation was performed to flare and enlarge the canals until size 45(master apical file). Lateral condensation technique was used to obturate the canals with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol cement sealer, and then stored in 100% humidity at 37° for 7 days. Specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups based on the solvent to be used (10 teeth for each group).A number 30 hedstrom file was used with a push-pull action to attempt penetration into the test sample with the addition of 0.02 ml increments of solvent. The times taken for the hedstrom file to penetrate the length of the canals were recorded.The results showed that tetrachloethylene has statistically the lowest mean of penetration time, followed by xylene while eucalyptol oil has the highest mean of penetration time.
Tooth loss, Prosthodontic Treatment need and Association Factors in A sample of Adults attending College of Dentistry,Al Mustansiriya University.
Authors: Moutlak Mohammed
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of tooth loss, the prosthetic treatment need and associated factors in a sample of the over 20-years old patients attending college of dentistry,AL Mustansiriya University. A sample of 584 individuals (306males and 278 females) was selected from prosthodontics department. The data were collected by means of an oral examination and interviewer questionnaire. The present study showed that the level of tooth loss more in male than female and increasing with age. A number of factors are involved in the decision to extract teeth, which are mainly dental caries and periodontal disease. Prevalence of denture wear is low and high need for prosthetic treatment especially in those with lower levels of education and lower income.Knowledge of factors that influence tooth loss and wearing dentures is important for the effective planning and provision of oral health services, particularly in prioritising prosthodontic care.
Development Of Absorption Cooling System Work By Using Solar Energy
Authors: Hussain Hashim
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to optimize the performance of absorption cooling system working with on solar energy .It aims at reducing the cost of the absorption cooling system and reducing the temperature of the generator to enable the cooler to work with solar collector more economical and to reduce the energy consumption compared with classical cooling system.The COP has been studied for four absorption systems which using water and lithium- Bromide. The temperature of the generator for each cycle was determined according to the (pressure – temperature –concentration) diagram. The COP has been determined by drawing it’s the change with the change of temperature of the generator after determination of condensation and evaporation temperature. The results of this work indicated that, the COP. for double effect cycle is high respectively, but it requires expensive solar receivers.
العوامل المؤثرة في تصميم الأغلفة والعبوات للمنتجات الغذائية والدوائية دراسة مقارنة
Authors: خليل ليلى
Published: March 2022

يسعى البحث إلى تعريف العوامل المؤثرة في تصميم الأغلفة والعبوات للمنتجات الغذائية والدوائية – دراسة مقارنة ، من خلال مشكلة البحث التي تم تحديدها في التساؤل الآتي: ما هي العوامل المؤثرة في تصميم الأغلفة والعبوات في المنظمتين المبحوثتين ؟ واشتفت منها عدة فرضيات تم اختيار عينة مؤلفة من 30 موظف من الشركة العامة لصناعة الأدوية والمستلزمات الطبية / نينوى 30 موظف أيضاً من الشركة العامة لمنتجات الألبان / مصنع ألبان الموصل واستخدم التحليل العاملي لاختبار فرضيات البحث ، وتوصل البحث إلى عدة استنتاجات منها مساهمة الميزانية المخصصة لكلا المنظمتين في تصميم الأغلفة وانتهى البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات لتحسين واقع الحال في المنظمتين المبحوثتين.
دور الثقة التنظيمية في تعزيز سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية دراسة تحليلية لأراء عينة من موظفي شركة الفاو الهندسية العامة وزارة الأعمار والإسكان
Authors: الكعبي حميد
Published: March 2022

تتناول الدراسة الحالية اختبار دور الثقة التنظيمية في تعزيز سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية لعينة مكونة من (85) موظفا في شركة الفاو الهندسية العامة ) أحدى الشركات المهمة التابعة لوزارة الأعمار والإسكان (، وقد استخدم الباحث التكرارات، والنسب المئوية، والوسط الحسابي ، وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد في تحليل فرضيات الدراسة . وقد أثبتت معظم نتائج الدراسة صحة الفرضيات التي تم افتراضها وخلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ، ومن أهم تلك الاستنتاجات ، هي إن هناك اهتمام متزايد من قبل الباحثين في مفهومي الثقة التنظيمية وسلوك المواطنة التنظيمية .أما أهم التوصيات فتمثلت بضرورة اهتمام الإدارة العليا للمنظمة المبحوثة في تعزيز الثقة لدى العاملين لغرض تحقيق سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية.
تطبيق مدخل التصنيع المتسارع في تحسين الميزة التنافسية - دراسة حالة في فندق (INTER) - قطاع خاص - بغداد
Authors: كبرو رغد
Published: March 2022

تعمل المنظمات الإنتاجية منها والخدمية على حد سواء ضمن عالم التنافس العالي، ولكي تكون الشركة في موقع قيادي في السوق العالمية لابد ان تطور افكاراً وأساليب جديدة في أداء عملياتها. لذا بدأت المنظمات بتطبيق مدخل التصنيع المتسارع الذي يعتبر استراتيجية التصنيع على مستوى المؤسسة (Level Manufacturing Strategy) التي تنفذ لغرض انتاج منتجات جديدة في ظل التغيير السريع للسوق وبذلك فهو يعكس قدرة المنظمة على ان تكافح في البيئة التنافسية المحكمة بالتغيير المستمر.تضمنت الدراسة الجانب النظري والجانب التطبيقي، اذ تم استعراض ما يتعلق بالتصنيع المتسارع في عناصر أساسية والـ (5Cs) التي بموجبها يتم تنفيذ هذا المدخل، وارتباط التصنيع المتسارع بمرونة الإنتاج لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية للشركة. في حين تضمن الجانب التطبيقي استخدام أسلوب دراسة الحالة باعتماد قائمة الفحص لقياس حجم الفجوة لغرض اختبار مستوى الخدمة المقدمة في فندق (Inter) ولتشخيص أهم المعوقات التي تميل في تطبيق مدخل التصنيع المتسارع، كذلك تم استخدام قائمة الفحص الخاصة بقياس حجم الفجوة للمتغير الثاني (الميزة التنافسية) لغرض تشخيص مستوى تنافسية الفندق بين الفنادق الموازية له من حيث مستوى تقديم الخدمة. وخرجت الدراسة بأهم الاستنتاجات التي تضمنت عدم توفر قاعدة بيانات في الفندق خاضعة للتحليل لغرض تشخيص الفجوات الحاصلة في مستوى الأداء، وعدم وضع رؤية مستقبلية للخطط التي يجب تنفيذها من قبل الإدارة العليا لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية للفندق، وكانت أهم التوصيات تشكيل فريق عمل متخصص في مجال إدارة العمليات ليرتقي بأساليب تنفيذ العمل والاستعانة بالمتخصصين في إدارة الجودة لرفع مستوى أداء الفندق.
رأس المال البشري ودوره في الاحتفاظ بالزبون - بحث تطبيقي في شركة اسيا سيل للاتصالات
Authors: فخري نور
Published: March 2022

يهدف البحث الى قياس أبعاد رأس المال البشري المتمثلة (بالمعرفة، والخبرة، والمهارة، والابداع) ومدى تأثيرها في الاحتفاظ بالزبون، اذ تتمحور مشكلة البحث حول ضعف قدرة رأس المال البشري لدى شركة اسيا سيل للاتصالات في الاحتفاظ بالزبون لإهمالهم شكاوى الزبائن، اذ تألفت عينة البحث من مجموعة من المدراء والمسؤولين في شركة اسيا سيل للاتصالات، وتم الاعتماد على الاستبانة كأداة لجمع وتحليل البيانات البالغ عددها (56) استمارة، وباستخدام مجموعة من الاساليب الاحصائية المتمثلة بالوسط الحسابي، والانحراف المعياري، ومعامل الارتباط، ومعامل الانحدار البسيط والمتعدد، وباستخدام كل من البرنامج الاحصائي ((SPSS وبرنامج معالجة الجداول (Excel). وتوصل البحث الى نتائج اهمها تأثير رأس المال البشري في الاحتفاظ بالزبون وهذه النتيجة تعكس مدى قدرة الشركة على تركيزها على مهارات موظفيها وزيادة المعرفة والابتكار لديهم، وجاءت توصيات البحث بضرورة تركيز اهتمام الشركة على خبرات العاملين لديها من خلال اتاحة الفرصة للموظفين بالمشاركة في النشاطات التي تقيمها الشركات المماثلة للاستفادة من تنوع الخبرات لديهم.
استعمال نظرية القيود كأداة لترشيق المخزون - دراسة حالة في شركة ديالى العامة
Authors: جواد مها , العبيدي عمر
Published: March 2022

يهدف البحث الى تكيف تقنيات الخزين من خلال استخدام نظرية القيود في الشركات العراقية. اذ اعتمد البحث منهج دراسة الحالة للوقوف بشكل موضوعي على مشكلة البحث، والمتمثلة بتحديد حجم الخزين الأفضل لكل منتوج، من منتجات معمل المقاييس الالكترونية في شركة ديالى وفي ظل الاختناقات التي تعانيها محطات العمل او القيود والتي تحد من الطاقة الانتاجية. أظهرت نتائج البحث قدرة تطبيق نظرية القيود على تحديد المزيج الأفضل الذي يحقق الربح الأعلى وبحسب الأولوية، فضلا عن مساهمتها بمعالجة الاختناق بجدولة الإنتاج في ضوء الطاقة المتاحة في كل محطة عمل شهريا، كما بينت النتائج بإمكانية ترشيق الخزين وان طريقة البحث الحالي في تحديد الحجم الأفضل للخزين هي الأفضل من أسلوب الشركة المتبع وباعتماد معايير الكلفة. كما قدم البحث جملة من التوصيات أبرزها اعتماد الأساليب العلمية في تحديد حجم الخزين وتطبيق نظرية القيود وتدريب العاملين لاستخدام هذه التقنيات بما يحقق للشركة القدرة على تخفيض تكاليفها وبالتالي زيادة أرباحها.
الابلاغ المالي وفقا للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية ودوره في تعزيز مستوى الشفافية في القوائم المالية - دراسة تطبيقية في عينة من شركات الاستثمار العراقية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية
Authors: جبر عبد الجبار , ذياب سجاد
Published: March 2022

يهدف البحث الى معرفة الدور الذي تلعبه المعايير المحاسبية الدولية في تعزيز مستوى الافصاح والشفافية في القوائم والتقارير المالية الختامية المعدة من قبل الشركات الاستثمارية العراقية، وذلك من خلال اجراء دراسة تطبيقية على عينة من الشركات الاستثمارية العراقية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية للفترة المالية الممتدة (2013-2017). ومن اجل تحقيق ذلك الهدف تم استخدام اسلوب تحليل المحتوى (0،1) لغرض استخراج حجم ونسب تطبيق الشركات الاستثمارية للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية، فضلا عن تحليل مقارن للعناصر المالية المفصح عنها في القوائم المالية للشركات الاستثمارية مع العناصر المالية التي يتطلب الافصاح عنها في القوائم المالية وفقا للمعايير الدولية.اهم ما توصل اليه البحث يتمثل بوجود علاقة طردية بين عرض القوائم المالية وفقا للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية وزيادة مستوى الافصاح والشفافية في تلك التقارير فضلا عن عدم وجود آلية واضحة من قبل الشركات الاستثمارية في اجراء التغيرات المناسبة من اجل تقديم القوائم والتقارير المالية المتعلقة بأنشطتها وفقا للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية. واهم ما اوصى به البحث يتمثل بضرورة تبني ادارة الشركات الاستثمارية العراقية لسياسة واضحة تأخذ على عاتقها تقديم المعلومات المحاسبية وفقا للمعايير المحاسبية الدولية بالإضافة الى تقديم المزيد من المعلومات حول العناصر المالية ذات التغيرات المستمرة
Editorial
Authors: Watch Bhutan
Published: March 2022

We offer the second issue of The Bhutan Journal of Bhutan Watch to readers. It gives us an immense pleasure and satisfaction to some extent. It is an unofficial link between the Bhutanese Diaspora and Bhutan. This issue also carries many grievances of the past and the agony of unsolved issues. This journal like the first one also carries sentiments and contents of Bhutanese diaspora more than Bhutan. The political prisoners detained on charges of demanding democracy in the country are still in prisons even after 12 years of democracy. The king, who is above the law is raising an army and is in an early phase of running a parallel government.
LDC Graduation: Opportunities and Challenges for Bhutan
Authors: Adhikari I P
Published: March 2022

Bhutan is graduating from Least Developing Country (LDC) status in 2023. It was granted LDC status in 1971. Bhutan has maintained fair political stability, consistent economic growth, and improved social indicators in the last few decades. However, Bhutan’s graduation comes amid the worst economic blow by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pillars of growth have been shattered but the plan for graduation is unlikely to be extended. Bhutan has not met a few criteria under the Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) while it has fulfilled other criteria. The graduation is expected to cause no major impact on Bhutan due to its economic reliance (in both grants and trade) on a single country (India). Bhutan has low volume trade with third countries. Yet a sensible amount of grants, funds, and market access will be lost that may challenge Bhutan’s continued economic growth and economic prosperity. This article investigates the process, progress, and challenges of the country after it attains the status of a developing nation.
Low-Profile Dual Hollow Octagonal Ring Shaped Optically Transparent Tri-band Antenna for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Shah Pankti , Patel Yesha , Desai Arpan , Kulkarni Jayshri , Upadhyaya Trushit , Palandoken Merih
Published: March 2022

A transparent dual octagonal split ring-shaped resonator connected by a horizontal strip is proposed for tri-band applications. Stub-loaded microstrip line fed structural design of radiator consists of two slotted octagonal-shaped rings connected via a strip on the top with the partial ground at the back. The low profile (40×25 mm2) radiator achieves impedance bandwidth of (46.08%) 1.62-2.59,(7.78%) 3.95-4.27, and (12.60%) 5.13-5.82, respectively. A bi-directional (dipole shaped) radiation pattern with maximum gain and minimum efficiency of 2.5 dBi and 52%, respectively is achieved. Transparency above 80%, low profile structure, and tri-band operation make the antenna a good contender for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G applications. Good correlation is observed for the modeled and experimental parameters. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Design of Elastic Call Admission Control in Tidal Load Scenario for Cloud-based Cellular Networks
Authors: Mahmood Ali , Kareem Azad R. , Nasser Ahmed R.
Published: March 2022

Cellular networks have witnessed an unprecedented expansion represented by the number of subscribers in addition to the unlimited number of applications. In the era of IoT, connections may involve machines working side by side with humans on the same network. Tidal load is one of the key challenges in mobile networks, which represents a temporary phenomenon resulting from increasing traffic volumes at certain times of the day in particular places. This leads to the problem of overutilization of some base stations, particularly in fixed resources allocation systems such as 4G LTE architecture, which contains physically separated base stations. This results in increasing the dropping and blocking probability for the incoming calls in an overloaded area, while others suffer from underutilization or might be almost idle for a particular time. In this paper, an Elastic Call Admission Control (ECAC) approach is proposed to reduce the probability of blocking and dropping to improve the network performance in the tidal load scenario. This is achieved using the concept of gain multiplexing technique and cloud-based cellular architecture for utilizing the shared available recourses of the co-located virtual base stations in the cloud. A Fuzzy Type 2 (FT2) system is used to maintain the switching decision for resource sharing mode, the network load is predicted in advance using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model. Performance evaluation is carried out using the cloud-based Fog-Radio Access Network (F-RAN) platform. Compared to legacy LTE architecture, the results illustrate a noticeable enhancement in terms of minimizing blocking probability, enhancing overall network performance represented by network data throughput, and network utilization.
Strafrecht im Angesicht der Digitalisierung
Authors: Preetz Nicolai
Published: March 2022

Das 2010 von Andreas Popp, Georg Steinberg und Brian Valerius gegründete Symposium junger Strafrechtler*innen ging in München in die achte Runde. Für viele der knapp 75 Teilnehmer*innen wurde es zu einem besonderen Erlebnis, war es doch die erste Präsenztagung nach der pandemiebedingten Pause. Zwar wurde die Veranstaltung unter zusätzlichem Aufwand hybrid angeboten, doch die allermeisten Teilnehmer*innen ließen sich auch von einem Bahnstreik nicht beirren und fanden den Weg in den Münchner Hofbräukeller, in dem die Tagung stattfand. Dem großartigen Organisationsteam, namentlich Alessandro Giannini, Victoria Ibold, Georg Köpferl, Karin Neßeler, Laura Neumann, Tanja Niedernhuber, Kristina Peters und Thomas Steenbreker ist es zu verdanken, dass die Tagung zum Thema „Strafrecht im Angesicht der Digitalisierung“ ein Erfolg wurde. Ausgestaltet wurde das Thema durch Vorträge zum Digitalen Hass, Rechtfertigungsproblemen beim „Hack Back“, der Forderung nach einem Internetverbot als Nebenstrafe, dem „KI-Richter“, Problemen rund um das „Internet of things“, Beschuldigtenrechte im Zeitalter von Big Data, dem Globalzugriff auf digitale Beweismittel und Daten im Strafvollzug. Außerdem wurde die unterstützungswerte Initiative „Open Rewi“ vorgestellt.
Tragödie des Rechts
Authors: Oğlakcıoğlu Mustafa Temmuz
Published: March 2022

„Eine noch junge und sträflichst unterbewertete Wortarchitektin, webt ein Gespinst aus klassischer und postmoderner Rechtstheorie, ohne in Klischees und Konventionen zu erstarren. Kenner werden Bayers Arbeit als ‚Vulgär-Vulgär-Marxismus‘ bezeichnen. Die Katastrophe, in welche sie (oder die Geschichte?) den Hauptprotagonisten stürzt, ist eine zeitlose Allegorie für die Krise des Rechts, das absterben muss, damit es leben kann…“.