bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a low-cost photomodulator forin vivophotoactivation of a mGluR5 inhibitor
Authors: Ajieren Hans C. , Fox Andrew G. , Biggs Ethan N. , Albors Gabriel O. , Llebaria Amadeu , Irazoqui Pedro P.
Published: October 2023

Severe side effects prevent the utilization of otherwise promising drugs in treatments. These side effects arise when drugs affect untargeted tissues due to poor target specificity. In photopharmacology, light controls the timing and the location of drug delivery, improving treatment specificity and pharmacokinetic control. Photopharmaceuticals have not seen widespread adoption in part because researchers do not always have access to reliable and reproducible light delivery devices at prices which fit within the larger research budget. In this work, we present a customizable photomodulator for use in both wearable and implantable devices. For experimental validation of the photomodulator, we photolyse JF-NP-26 in rats, producing raseglurant, a mGluR5 inhibitor shown to have antinociceptive effects in animal models. We show our photomodulator produces a significant reduction in pain response in the formalin model by photoreleasing raseglurant, indicating our photomodulator can successfully drivein vivophotopharmacology. We demonstrate modifications which enable the photomodulator to operate wirelessly. By documenting our photomodulator development, we hope to introduce researchers to a simple solution which significantly lowers the engineering barriers to photopharmacology research.
Injury induced renal fibrosis promotes cystogenesis and cyst growth in adult mice with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Wu Ming , Chen Dongping , Wang Yanzhe , Lin Pinglan , Bai Yanfang , Xing Yufeng , Huang Di , Ye Chaoyang
Published: October 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-long disease and caused by mutations inPKD1orPKD2gene. Fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease and is positively correlated with renal cyst growth, however the role of fibrosis in ADPKD is still controversial. In this study, we established renal fibrosis by toxic or surgical injuries in adult mice, andPkdgene was inactivated at different time point before or after renal injury according to the pattern of fibrosis progression in different injury models. Here we showed that renal injury before or afterPkdgene inactivation can both induce renal cysts in adultPkd1orPkd2mice, and the extent of cystic burden was tightly correlated with the baseline levels of fibrosis when three hits (injury and gene inactivation) occurred. Inactivation ofPkd1gene at the recovery stage after surgery induced less renal cysts in adultPkd1mice. Enhanced renal fibrosis by repeated toxic injuries before gene inactivation accelerated renal cyst growth inPkd1mice. We further showed that the rate of cyst formation at the early stage in adultPkd1mice was positively correlated with the baseline levels of renal fibrosis. Finally, we showed that conditional knockout ofEzh2gene attenuated renal fibrosis and cyst growth in adultPkd1mice with pre-existing renal fibrosis. We conclude that the fibrotic response after renal injury is a driving force for renal cyst formation and growth in adult kidneys and inhibition of renal fibrosis through targeting EZH2 might be new therapeutic strategy for adult ADPKD. Importantly, our study suggests that there is a time window for intervention upon acute kidney injury in adult ADPKD patients.

Translational Statement

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a life-long disease and caused by mutations inPKD1orPKD2gene. Fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease and is positively correlated with renal cyst growth, however the role of renal fibrosis in ADPKD is controversial. In this study, we found that renal cysts were formed in adultPkd1orPkd2mice with established renal fibrosis induced by toxic or ischemia reperfusion injuries. Cyst formation or growth in adult ADPKD mice was tightly correlated with baseline levels of renal fibrosis after third hits. Enhanced renal fibrosis beforePkd1gene deletion in adult mice accelerated cyst growth. Inhibition of renal fibrosis through targeting EZH2 delayed cyst growth in adult ADPKD mice. Thus, renal fibrosis is a trigger of cyst formation and growth in adult ADPKD mice, and therapeutically targeting EZH2 might be new strategy to treat adult patients with ADPKD. Our study suggests that there is a time window for intervention upon acute kidney injury in adult ADPKD patients.
Bamboozling Interactions: Interspecific associations within mixed-species bird flocks in bamboo in the Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Srinivasan Sidharth , Biswakarma Aman , Pradhan D.K. , Rai Shambu , Srinivasan Umesh
Published: October 2023

Bamboo, although widespread, is a globally understudied habitat, but supports significant biodiversity, including specialist bird species. Mixed-species bird flocks (flocks) are an important and regular feature of forest bird communities worldwide and have been well-studied. However, how and why flocks might differ between bamboo and non-bamboo habitats is unknown.

We studied flocks and their arthropod prey in rainforest and bamboo stands across two seasons in the Eastern Himalaya. Using network analysis, we compared interspecific associations within flocks, and asked if resource availability (arthropod abundance) drives flocking.

Bamboo and rainforest flocks were significantly different, with bamboo flocks being more cohesive, less modular and their species more interconnected. Further, bamboo flocks were more consistent in their composition across seasons whereas rainforest flocks partially disintegrated in spring, probably because of increased arthropod abundance. In bamboo, the loss of arthropods in an entire substrate and the increase in other substrates was potentially insufficient to cease flocking in spring.

Resource availability and the unique foraging behaviour of the bamboo specialists likely drive flocking in the Eastern Himalaya bamboo. Our study is among the few to describe bamboo flocks and we emphasise conserving bamboo stands to ensure persistence of this unique flock in the Eastern Himalaya.
Complete suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells supplemented with suppressors of spontaneous differentiation
Authors: Matsuo-Takasaki Mami , Kambayashi Sho , Hemmi Yasuko , Wakabayashi Tamami , Shimizu Tomoya , An Yuri , Ito Hidenori , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Ibuki Masato , Kawashima Terasu , Masayasu Rio , Suzuki Manami , Nishishita Naoki , Kawai Yoshikazu , Umekage Masafumi , Kato Tomoaki M , Noguchi Michiya , Nakade Koji , Nakamura Yukio , Nakaishi Tomoyuki , Tsukahara Masayoshi , Hayashi Yohei
Published: October 2023

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising resources for producing various types of tissues in regenerative medicine; however, the improvement in a scalable culture system that can precisely control the cellular status of hiPSCs is needed. Utilizing suspension culture without microcarriers or special materials allows for massive production, automation, cost-effectiveness, and safety assurance in industrialized regenerative medicine. Here, we found that hiPSCs cultured in suspension conditions with continuous agitation without any microcarriers or extracellular matrix components were more prone to spontaneous differentiation than those cultured in conventional adherent conditions. Adding PKCβ and Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors in the suspension conditions suppressed the spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs into ectoderm and mesendoderm, respectively. In these conditions, we successfully completed the culture processes of hiPSCs including the generation of hiPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the expansion of bulk population and single-cell sorted clones, long-term culture with robust self-renewal characteristics, single-cell cloning, direct cryopreservation from suspension culture and their successful recovery, and efficient mass production of a clinical-grade hiPSC line. Our results demonstrate that precise control of the cellular status in suspension culture conditions paves the way for their stable and automated clinical application.
Developmental origin and local signals cooperate to determine septal astrocyte identity
Authors: Xie Yajun , Reid Christopher M. , Granados Alejandro A. , Garcia Miguel Turrero , Dale-Huang Fiona , Hanson Sarah M. , Mancia Walter , Liu Jonathan , Adam Manal , Mosto Olivia , Pisco Angela O. , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo , Harwell Corey C.
Published: October 2023

Astrocyte specification during development is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the precise contribution of each remains poorly understood. Here we show that septal astrocytes from Nkx2.1 and Zic4 expressing progenitor zones are allocated into non-overlapping domains of the medial (MS) and lateral septal nuclei (LS) respectively. Astrocytes in these areas exhibit distinctive molecular and morphological features tailored to the unique cellular and synaptic circuit environment of each nucleus. Using single-nucleus (sn) RNA sequencing, we trace the developmental trajectories of cells in the septum and find that neurons and astrocytes undergo region and developmental stage-specific local cell-cell interactions. We show that expression of the classic morphogens Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) by MS and LS neurons respectively, functions to promote the molecular specification of local astrocytes in each region. Finally, using heterotopic cell transplantation, we show that both morphological and molecular specifications of septal astrocytes are highly dependent on the local microenvironment, regardless of developmental origins. Our data highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors shaping astrocyte identities and illustrates the importance of the local environment in determining astrocyte functional specialization.
Inference of drug off-target effects on cellular signaling using Interactome-Based Deep Learning
Authors: Meimetis Nikolaos , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Nilsson Avlant
Published: October 2023

Many diseases emerge from dysregulated cellular signaling, and drugs are often designed to target specific nodes in cellular networks e.g. signaling proteins, or transcription factors. However, off-target effects are common and may ultimately result in failed clinical trials. Computational modeling of the cell’s transcriptional response to drugs could improve our understanding of their mechanisms of action. Here we develop such an approach based on ensembles of artificial neural networks, that simultaneously infer drug-target interactions and their downstream effects on intracellular signaling. Applied to gene expression data from different cell lines, it outperforms basic machine learning approaches in predicting transcription factors’ activity, while recovering most known drug-target interactions and inferring many new, which we validate in an independent dataset. As a case study, we explore the inferred interactions of the drug Lestaurtinib and its effects on downstream signaling. Beyond its intended target FLT3 the model predicts an inhibition of CDK2 that enhances downregulation of the cell cycle-critical transcription factor FOXM1, corroborating literature findings. Our approach can therefore enhance our understanding of drug signaling for therapeutic design.
Socio-demographic and genetic risk factors for drug adherence and persistence: a retrospective nationwide and biobank study across 5 medication classes and 1 845 665 individuals
Authors: Cordioli M. , Corbetta A. , Kariis H.M. , Jukarainen S. , Vartiainen P. , Kiiskinen T. , Ferro M. ,   FinnGen, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Niemi M. , Ripatti S. , Lehto K. , Milani L. , Ganna A.
Published: October 2023

Low drug adherence is a major obstacle to the benefits of pharmacotherapies and it is therefore important to identify factors associated with discontinuing or being poorly adherent to a prescribed treatment regimen. Using high-quality nationwide health registry data and genome-wide genotyping, we evaluate the impact of socio-demographic and genetic risk factors on adherence and persistence for 5 common medication classes that require long-term, regular therapy (N = 1 814 591 individuals from Finnish nationwide registries, 217 005 with genetic data from Finland and Estonia).

Need for social assistance and immigration status showed a notable negative effect on persistence and adherence across the examined medications (odd ratios between 0.48 and 0.82 for persistence and between 1.1% to 4.3% decrease in adherence) while demographic and health factors showed comparably modest or inconsistent effects. A genome-wide scan did not identify genetic variants associated with the two phenotypes, while some pharmacogenes (i.e.CYP2C9andSLCO1B1) were modestly associated with persistence, but not with adherence. We observed significant genetic correlations between medication adherence and participation in research studies. Overall, our findings suggest that socio-economically disadvantaged groups would benefit from targeted interventions to improve the dispensing and uptake of pharmacological treatments.
Rumination Induction Task in fMRI: Test-Retest Reliability in Youth and Potential Mechanisms of Change with Intervention
Authors: Schreiner Mindy Westlund , Miller Raina H. , Jacobsen Anna M. , Crowell Sheila E. , Kaufman Erin A. , Farstead Brian , Feldman Daniel A. , Thomas Leah , Bessette Katie L. , Welsh Robert C. , Watkins Edward R. , Langenecker Scott A.
Published: October 2023

Background

Rumination is a transdiagnostic problem that is common in major depressive disorder (MDD). Rumination Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RF-CBT) explicitly targets the ruminative habit. This study examined changes in brain activation during a rumination induction task in adolescents with remitted MDD following RF-CBT. We also evaluated the reliability of the rumination task among adolescents who received treatment as usual (TAU).

Method

Fifty-five adolescents ages 14-17 completed a self-relevant rumination induction fMRI task and were then randomized to either RF-CBT (n = 30) or TAU (n = 25). Participants completed the task a second time either following 10-14 sessions of RF-CBT or the equivalent time delay for the TAU group. We assessed activation change in the RF-CBT group using paired-samples t-tests and reliability by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of five rumination-related ROIs during each of three blocks for the TAU and RF-CBT groups separately (Rumination Instruction, Rumination Prompt, and Distraction).

Results

Following treatment, participants in the RF-CBT group demonstrated an increase in activation of the left precuneus during Rumination Instruction and the left angular and superior temporal gyri during Rumination Prompt (p< .01). The TAU group demonstrated fair to excellent reliability (M= .52, range = .27-.86) across most ROIs and task blocks. In contrast, the RF-CBT group demonstrated poor reliability across most ROIs and task blocks (M= .21, range = -.19-.69).

Conclusion

RF-CBT appears to lead to rumination-related brain change. We demonstrated that the rumination induction task has fair to excellent reliability among individuals who do not receive an intervention that explicitly targets the ruminative habit, whereas reliability of this task is largely poor in the context of RF-CBT. This has meaningful implications in longitudinal and intervention studies, particularly when conceptualizing it as an important target for intervention. It also suggests one of many possible mechanisms for why fMRI test-retest reliability can be low that appears unrelated to the methodology itself.
Percent Thrombus Outperforms Size in Predicting Popliteal Artery Aneurysm Related Thromboembolic Events
Authors: Bellomo Tiffany R. , Goudot Guillaume , Lella Srihari K. , Gaston Brandon , Sumetsky Natalie , Patel Shiv , Brunson Ashley , Beardsley Jenna , Zacharias Nikolaos , Dua Anahita
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality and current Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) recommend operative repair for PAAs with a diameter greater than 20 mm, which is based on limited evidence. To help risk stratify patients for surgery, our aim was to identify anatomic characteristics of PAA associated with limb threatening and thromboembolic events (TEs).

Methods

A retrospective multi-institutional cohort was queried for all patients with a PAA from 2008 to 2022. Symptom status at the time of presentation was divided into three categories: symptomatic PAA with documented claudication or chronic limb ischemia (CLI), limb threatening PAA with a TE, acute limb ischemia, or rupture, and asymptomatic PAA without symptoms or limb threatening events. Patient and anatomic factors based on duplex ultrasound (DUS) were evaluated as potential predictors of symptom groups and thresholds of anatomic variables were identified using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

There were 470 PAAs identified in 331 patients. The mean age was 74 years at diagnosis, 94% of patients were white, and 97% of patients were male. Cardiovascular comorbidities were prevalent in and similar between all patient groups studied, and almost all patients were on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy at the time of diagnosis, at 96%. The most common concurrent aneurysm was abdominal aortic aneurysm (62%). Patient comorbidities were not associated with symptom status. PAAs with a higher percent thrombus burden were 18 times more likely to experience a limb threatening event and 24 times more likely to experience a TE. A largest diameter threshold of 20.4 mm was predictive of a TE (sensitivity 78.1%, specificity 40.5%), but percent thrombus threshold of 62% outperformed largest diameter as a predictor of a TE (sensitivity of 81.3%, specificity 52.0%). Percent thrombus threshold of 73% also predicted limb threatening events (sensitivity 65.7%, specificity 69.7%).

Conclusion

A PAA diameter greater than 20.4 mm was predictive of TEs, which is in agreement with clinical practice guidelines. However, percent thrombus greater than 62% outperformed largest diameter as a predictor of a TE. This analysis supports the use of size greater than 20.4 mm and 62% thrombus in identifying high risk PAAs that warrant repair.
Characterization of Cancer Evolution Landscape Based on Accurate Detection of Somatic Mutations in Single Tumor Cells
Authors: Niu Muchun , Zhang Yang , Luo Jiayi , Sinson Jefferson C. , Thompson Alastair M. , Zong Chenghang
Published: October 2023

Accurate detection of somatic mutations in single tumor cells is greatly desired as it allows us to quantify the single-cell mutation burden and construct the mutation-based phylogenetic tree. Here we developed scNanoSeq chemistry and profiled 842 single cells from 21 human breast cancer samples. The majority of the mutation-based phylogenetic trees comprise a characteristic stem evolution followed by the clonal sweep. We observed the subtype-dependent lengths in the stem evolution. To explain this phenomenon, we propose that the differences are related to different reprogramming required for different subtypes of breast cancer. Furthermore, we reason that the time that the tumor-initiating cell took to acquire the critical clonal-sweep-initiating mutation by random chance set the time limit for the reprogramming process. We refer to this model as a reprogramming and critical mutation co-timing (RCMC) subtype model. Next, in the sweeping clone, we observed that tumor cells undergo a branched evolution with rapidly decreasing selection. In the most recent clades, effectively neutral evolution has been reached, resulting in a substantially large number of mutational heterogeneities. Integrative analysis with 522-713X ultra-deep bulk whole genome sequencing (WGS) further validated this evolution mode. Mutation-based phylogenetic trees also allow us to identify the early branched cells in a few samples, whose phylogenetic trees support the gradual evolution of copy number variations (CNVs). Overall, the development of scNanoSeq allows us to unveil novel insights into breast cancer evolution.
Role of Dynamin-Related Proteins 2 and SH3P2 in Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Plants
Authors: Gnyliukh Nataliia , Johnson Alexander , Nagel Marie-Kristin , Monzer Aline , Hlavata Annamaria , Isono Erika , Loose Martin , Friml Jiří
Published: October 2023

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is vital for the regulation of plant growth and development by controlling plasma membrane protein composition and cargo uptake. CME relies on the precise recruitment of regulators for vesicle maturation and release. Homologues of components of mammalian vesicle scission are strong candidates to be part of the scissin machinery in plants, but the precise roles of these proteins in this process is not fully understood. Here, we characterised the roles of Plant Dynamin-Related Proteins 2 (DRP2s) and SH3-domain containing protein 2 (SH3P2), the plant homologue to Dynamins’ recruiters, like Endophilin and Amphiphysin, in the CME by combining high-resolution imaging of endocytic eventsin vivoand characterisation of the purified proteinsin vitro. Although DRP2s and SH3P2 arrive similarly late during CME and physically interact, genetic analysis of the Dsh3p1,2,3triple-mutant and complementation assays with non-SH3P2-interacting DRP2 variants suggests that SH3P2 does not directly recruit DRP2s to the site of endocytosis. These observations imply that despite the presence of many well-conserved endocytic components, plants have acquired a distinct mechanism for CME.

One Sentence Summary

In contrast to predictions based on mammalian systems, plant Dynamin-related proteins 2 are recruited to the site of Clathrin-mediated endocytosis independently of BAR-SH3 proteins.
IL-33-binding HpARI family homologues with divergent effects in suppressing or enhancing Type 2 immune responses
Authors: Colomb Florent , Ogunkanbi Adefunke , Jamwal Abhishek , Dong Beverley , Maizels Rick M. , Finney Constance A. M. , Wasmuth James D. , Higgins Matthew , McSorley Henry J.
Published: October 2023

HpARI is an immunomodulatory protein secreted by the intestinal nematodeHeligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, which binds and blocks IL-33. Here, we find that theH. polygyrus bakerigenome contains 3 HpARI family members, and that these have different effects on IL-33-dependent responses in vitro and in vivo, with HpARI1+2 suppressing, and HpARI3 amplifying these responses. All HpARIs have sub-nanomolar affinity for mouse IL-33, however HpARI3 does not block IL-33-ST2 interactions. Instead, HpARI3 stabilises IL-33, increasing the half-life of the cytokine and amplifying responses to it in vivo. Together these data show thatH. polygyrus bakerisecretes a family of HpARI proteins with both overlapping and distinct functions, comprising a complex immunomodulatory arsenal of host-targeted proteins.
Nascent Chain Ubiquitination is Uncoupled from Degradation to Enable Protein Maturation
Authors: Li Xia , Mariappan Malaiyalam
Published: October 2023

A significant proportion of nascent proteins undergo polyubiquitination on ribosomes in mammalian cells, yet the fate of these proteins remains elusive. The ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a mechanism that mediates the ubiquitination of nascent chains on stalled ribosomes. Here, we find that nascent proteins ubiquitinated on stalled ribosomes by the RQC E3 ligase LTN1 are insufficient for proteasomal degradation. Our biochemical reconstitution studies reveal that ubiquitinated nascent chains are promptly deubiquitinated in the cytosol upon release from stalled ribosomes, as they are no longer associated with LTN1 E3 ligase for continuous ubiquitination to compete with cytosolic deubiquitinases. These deubiquitinated nascent chains can mature into stable proteins. However, if they misfold and expose a degradation signal, the cytosolic quality control recognizes them for re-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Thus, our findings suggest that cycles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination spare foldable nascent proteins while ensuring the degradation of terminally misfolded proteins.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,6-dihydro-1λ4,2λ4-azaborinine
Authors: Gliese Philipp J. , Appiarius Yannik , Scheele Tarek , Lork Enno , Neudecker Tim , Staubitz Anne
Published: October 2023

The title compound, C24H30BNSi (I), is an asymmetric 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1,2-azaborinine consisting of a BN-substituted cyclohexadiene analog with a B-anthracenyl substituent. A ring-closing metathesis with subsequent substitution of the obtained BCl 1,2-azaborinine using anthracenyl lithium yielded the title compound I. The asymmetric unit (Z = 8) belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pbca and shows an elongated N—C bond compared to previously reported BN-1,4-cyclohexadiene [Abbey et al. (2008) J. Am. Chem. Soc.
130, 7250–7252]. The primarily contributing surface interactions are H...H and C...H/H...C (as elucidated by Hirshfeld surface analysis) which are dominated by van der Waals forces. Moreover, the non-aromatic BN heterocycle and the protecting group exhibit intra- and intermolecular C—H...π interactions, respectively, with the anthracenyl substituent.
Crystal structures of five halido gold complexes involving piperidine or pyrrolidine as ligands or (protonated) as cations
Authors: Döring Cindy , Jones Peter G.
Published: October 2023

In bromido(pyrrolidine-κN)gold(I) bis(pyrrolidine-κN)gold(I) bromide, [AuBr(pyr)]·[Au(pyr)2]Br (pyr = pyrrolidine, C4H9N), 2, alternating [AuBr(pyr)] molecules and [Au(pyr)2]+ cations are connected by aurophilic contacts to form infinite chains of residues parallel to the b axis. The chains are cross-linked by three N—H...Br− hydrogen bonds and an Au...Br contact to form a layer structure parallel to the ab plane. Trichlorido(piperidine-κN)gold(III), [AuCl3(pip)] (pip = piperidine, C5H11N), 3, consists of molecules with the expected square-planar coordination at the gold atom, which are connected by an N—H...Cl hydrogen bond and an Au...Cl contact to form a layer structure parallel to the ac plane. The structures of bis(piperidinium) tetrachloridoaurate(III) chloride, (pipH)2[AuCl4]Cl, 4, and bis(pyrrolidinium) tetrabromidoaurate(III) bromide, (pyrH)2[AuBr4]Br, 6, are closely related but not isotypic. Compound 6 crystallizes in space group Ibam; the Au and two Br atoms of the anion lie in the mirror plane x, y, 0, whereas the bromide ions occupy special positions 0, 0.5, 0 and 0, 0.5, 0.25, with site symmetry 2/m. The NH2 group forms a hydrogen bond to one bromide ion, and also a three-centre hydrogen bond to the other bromide atom and to a metal-bonded Br atom. The packing involves chains of hydrogen-bonded pyrrolidinium and bromide ions parallel to the c axis, combined with a layer structure of [AuBr4]− and bromide anions, parallel to the ab plane and involving Au...Br and Br...Br contacts. Compound 4, however, crystallizes pseudosymmetrically in space group Iba2; two chlorine atoms of the anion lie on the twofold axis 0.5, 0.5, z, and there are two independent cations. The packing is closely similar to that of 6, but there are no N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to metal-bonded chlorines. The contact distances Au...Cl are appreciably longer than their Au...Br counterparts in 6, whereas the Cl...Cl contact is much shorter than Br...Br in 6. Tribromido(piperidine-κN)gold(III) crystallizes as its dichloromethane solvate, [AuBr3(pip)]·CH2Cl2, 7. It too displays a square-planar coordination at the gold atom. The packing involves hydrogen bonds N—H...Br, stacking of neighbouring AuBr3 units by Au...Br contacts, and a short Br...Br contact; these combine to form a layer structure parallel to the ac plane.
Crystal structure of Cs2GdNb6Cl15O3 in the structural evolution of niobium oxychlorides with octahedral Nb6-cluster units
Authors: Silaban Saronom , Haryani Maefa Eka , Gulo Fakhili , Perrin Christiane
Published: October 2023

Cs2GdNb6Cl15O3, dicaesium gadolinium hexaniobium pentadecachloride trioxide, was synthesized by solid-state reactions starting from a stoichiometric mixture of CsCl, Gd2O3, Nb, NbCl5, and Nb2O5. The crystal structure is based on octahedral Nb6 cluster units (point group symmetry 3.2) with composition [(Nb6Cl
i

9O
i

3)Cl
a

6]5– where i and a denote inner and outer ligands. Cs2GdNb6Cl15O3 exhibits 14 valence electrons per cluster unit. The cluster units are linked to each other by CsI and GdIII atoms, whereby CsI (site symmetry 3..) is 12-coordinated by six Cl
i
and six Cl
a
ligands belonging to six neighboring cluster units and GdIII (site symmetry 3.2) is 9-coordinated by three O
i
and six Cl
i
ligands belonging to three adjacent cluster units. The arrangement of cluster units corresponds to a stacking of …AA′A… layers along [001]. Cs2GdNb6Cl15O3 is isotypic with Cs2UNb6Cl15O3.
Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of diacetatobis[4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine]cadmium tetrahydrate
Authors: Chidambaranathan B. , Sivaraj S. , Vijayamathubalan P. , Selvakumar S.
Published: October 2023

The title coordination compound, [Cd(C2H3O2)2(C6H14N2O)2]·4H2O, was synthesized by mixing 2 moles of 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and 1 mole of cadmium acetate in double-distilled water. The Cd atom is octahedrally coordinated by two N,N′-bidentate ligands [4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine] and two trans-located acetate molecules. The Cd atom is located on a center of inversion, whereas the 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and four water molecules are adjacent to the acetate molecules. The chair conformation of the morpholine molecules is confirmed. In the crystal, adjacent metal complexes and uncoordinated water molecules are linked via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, generating R
2
2(6), R
6
6(16), R
6
6(20) and S
1
1(6) motifs and forming a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated the contributions of various contacts: H...H (71.8%), O...H/H...O (27.1%), and C...H/H...C (1.0%).
Research on ecological evaluation of an enterprise open innovation community website
Authors: Xie Renqiang
Published: October 2023

Purpose

While providing users with important innovation resources, an enterprise's open innovation community also encounters numerous challenges. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a set of evaluation systems that can identify the ecological characteristics of open innovation communities. The ultimate goal is to provide guidance for the construction and establishment of these communities.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, from the perspective of information ecology, according to the connotation requirements of the four information elements of “people, information, technology and environment” in the information ecosystem, this paper determines the evaluation indicators of enterprise's open innovation community from the aspects of integrity and dynamics. Then, based on the improved analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index is calculated, and a complete evaluation system of open innovation community is established. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to conduct empirical research on Haier Open Partnership (HOPE) platform, analyze its ecological situation and existing problems and put forward the corresponding construction recommendations.

Findings

The application of HOPE platform shows that the evaluation index system built in this study has good applicability, and the whole research process and research method have certain reference value for future studies. At the same time, the study found that the HOPE platform has good ecological characteristics, but there are also some problems. This study can directly promote the construction of the platform.

Originality/value

This paper, for the first time, combines the information ecology theory with the open innovation community. The results demonstrate that the open innovation community is an information ecosystem, which can be evaluated ecologically. Furthermore, to ensure the calculation's scientific accuracy, the index weight is determined by constructing a judgment matrix based on expert questionnaires.
Neons Fashion LLP (A): A Small Seller on the Amazon Marketplace
Authors: Mukherjee Saral , Abhishek  , Balasubramani Soundarya
Published: October 2023

Neons Fashion LLP was an entrepreneurial venture of Arthi Ramalingam after completion of her MBA. Arthi had an interest in jewellery since childhood and she decided to focus on design, manufacturing and retailing of fashion and costume jewellery items under the brand name of Eternz through different sales channels like exhibitions, retail stores, own website and as an independent seller on e-commerce marketplaces. She initially started selling on Amazon marketplace through a third party, Cloudtail India Pvt. Ltd., and later sold through other e-commerce marketplace operators like Flipkart, Jabong and FirstCry. As her business grew, Arthi planned to add the kids' shoes category and also decided to participate in Bangalore Fashion Week to build the Eternz brand. However, in November 2016, Cloudtail terminated her contract which played havoc with the sales and profitability of her start-up. Neons Fashion LLP (A) provides details of how independent sellers are at the mercy of marketplace operators and ends with the need to review the choices of sales channels for different categories like fashion garments and fashion accessories, and for the upcoming launch of kids' shoes. Neons Fashion LLP (B) describes the events after the Bangalore Fashion Week that ultimately led to closure of business.
Fake news detection using machine learning: an adversarial collaboration approach
Authors: DSouza Karen M. , French Aaron M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Purveyors of fake news perpetuate information that can harm society, including businesses. Social media's reach quickly amplifies distortions of fake news. Research has not yet fully explored the mechanisms of such adversarial behavior or the adversarial techniques of machine learning that might be deployed to detect fake news. Debiasing techniques are also explored to combat against the generation of fake news using adversarial data. The purpose of this paper is to present the challenges and opportunities in fake news detection.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this paper provides an overview of adversarial behaviors and current machine learning techniques. Next, it describes the use of long short-term memory (LSTM) to identify fake news in a corpus of articles. Finally, it presents the novel adversarial behavior approach to protect targeted business datasets from attacks.

Findings

This research highlights the need for a corpus of fake news that can be used to evaluate classification methods. Adversarial debiasing using IBM's Artificial Intelligence Fairness 360 (AIF360) toolkit can improve the disparate impact of unfavorable characteristics of a dataset. Debiasing also demonstrates significant potential to reduce fake news generation based on the inherent bias in the data. These findings provide avenues for further research on adversarial collaboration and robust information systems.

Originality/value

Adversarial debiasing of datasets demonstrates that by reducing bias related to protected attributes, such as sex, race and age, businesses can reduce the potential of exploitation to generate fake news through adversarial data.
Can digital service trade promote the high-quality development of global manufacturing? – existence and mechanism
Authors: Qiu Ailian , Yu Yingchun , McCollough John
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This thesis deeply studies the impact mechanism of digital service trade on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry from the aspects of technological innovation and industrial structure.

Design/methodology/approach

In this thesis, 40 countries from 2010 to 2020 were selected as samples, and the panel fixed-effect model and intermediary effect model were used to empirically analyze the impact path of digital service trade on the high-quality development of global manufacturing.

Findings

Overall, digital service trade has a positive impact on the high-quality development of the global manufacturing industry. Through the analysis of the intermediary effect mechanism, it is found that digital service trade can further positively affect the high-quality development of the global manufacturing industry by promoting technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading.

Research limitations/implications

Based on the empirical results, targeted countermeasures and suggestions are given in this paper.

Practical implications

Through the test of national heterogeneity, it is found that in developing countries, digital service trade mainly acts on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry by promoting industrial structure upgrading.

Social implications

In developed countries, digital service trade mainly promotes the high-quality development of manufacturing through technological innovation; from the perspective of industry heterogeneity, the three service industries of information and communication technology (ICT), other business services and property have the intermediary effect of technological innovation and industrial structure.

Originality/value

This manuscript suggests that trade in digital services should be promoted as a national trade priority.
“We do it but they don't” unveiling the impact of differentiation-oriented content on purchase intentions through mediation of SM engagement and moderation of social media skills
Authors: Khan Shahid , Rehman Sumaira , Kashif Uzma
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of social media engagement in the relationship between differentiation-oriented content and purchase intentions. Additionally, this research studies the moderating impact of entrepreneurial social media skills in the relationship between social media engagement and purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research proposes a positivist research philosophy, deductive research approach and survey research strategy. Data were collected from followers of social media pages of small and medium businesses operating in the fields of groceries, food items, apparel and supplies in Pakistan. Respondents were selected randomly. The descriptive statistics were calculated first, followed by reliability and validity analysis as part of the measurement model. Finally, mediation and moderation analyses were run by using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results of the study confirm that differentiation-oriented content has a positive relationship with purchase intentions and social media engagement mediates this relationship. Results further confirm that the social media skills of entrepreneurs moderate the relationship between social media engagement and purchase intentions.

Practical implications

From a practical point of view, this study will potentially help entrepreneurs in Pakistan unveil the undiscovered potential of social media and understand the importance of social media marketing campaigns in crisis situations. It will unlock the importance of entrepreneurial training and development to better adapt to the dynamic and vibrant world of social media.

Originality/value

This is the first study that investigates the relationship between differentiation-oriented content and purchase intentions. Additionally, the current study adds to existing knowledge by proposing entrepreneurial social media skills as moderators in the relationship of social media engagement with purchase intentions.
Global Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2022
Authors: Hexom Braden J. , Quao Nana Serwaa A. , Bandolin N. Shakira , Bonney Joseph , Collier Amanda , Dyal Jonathan , Lee J. Austin , Nicholson Benjamin D. , Rybarczyk Megan M. , Rees Chris A. , Roy Charlotte M. , Bhaskar Nidhi , Kivlehan Sean M. ,   the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group
Published: October 2023

Objective

The objective was to identify the highest quality global emergency medicine (GEM) research published in 2022. The top articles are compiled in a comprehensive list of all the year's GEM articles and narrative summaries are performed on those included.

Methods

A systematic PubMed search was conducted to identify all GEM articles published in 2022 and included a manual supplemental screen of 11 organizational websites for gray literature (GRAY). A team of trained reviewers and editors screened all identified titles and abstracts, based on three case definition categories: disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource‐limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). Articles meeting these definitions were independently scored by two reviewers using rubrics for original research (OR), review (RE) articles, and GRAY. Articles that scored in the top 5% from each category as well as the overall top 5% of articles were included for narrative summary.

Results

The 2022 search identified 58,510 articles in the main review, of which 524 articles screened in for scoring, respectively, 30% and 18% increases from last year. After duplicates were removed, 36 articles were included for narrative summary. The GRAY search identified 7755 articles, of which 33 were scored and one was included for narrative summary. ECRLS remained the largest category (27; 73%), followed by DHR (7; 19%) and EMD (3; 8%). OR articles remained more common than RE articles (64% vs. 36%).

Conclusions

The waning of the COVID‐19 pandemic has not affected the continued growth in GEM literature. Articles related to prehospital care, mental health and resilience among patients and health care workers, streamlining pediatric infectious disease care, and disaster preparedness were featured in this year's review. The continued lack of EMD studies despite the global growth of GEM highlights a need for more scholarly dissemination of best practices.
Rethinking neurodevelopmental care through caregiver skills training on a global scale: A compelling need
Authors: Lau Janet Siu‐Ping
Published: October 2023

This commentary is on the systematic review by Reichow et al. on pages 713–724
Effects of combined chlorogenic acid and cold plasma on the colour and flavour of roasted mutton patties
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Yang Xiaoyue , Sun Xiangxiang , Zhang Dequan , Gao Xiaoguang , Wang Zhenyu
Published: October 2023

Polyphenol addition and cold plasma (CP) treatment are both potential technologies in the meat industry. In this study, six treatments, control (without chlorogenic acid and plasma treatment), CA (with only chlorogenic acid addition), CA‐CP‐15, CA‐CP‐30, CA‐CP‐45 and CA‐CP‐60 (cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min), were used to investigate the effect of cold plasma treated chlorogenic acid solution on the quality of roasted mutton. The results showed that the redness (a*) of CA‐CP‐15 was increased by 40.7% compared to the control group. The synergistic treatment promoted the unfolding of α‐helix and formation of β‐fold in the roasted meat proteins, resulting in a 34.09% decrease in the shear force value of CA‐CP‐15 and differences in muscle fibre structure among the treatment groups. The significantly enhanced free radical scavenging capacity resulted in a 39.19–64.84% inhibition of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, the odour activity values indicated that thirteen volatile components such as 1‐Octen‐3‐ol, Hexanal, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐pyrazine and 2‐pentyl‐Furan could be considered as characteristic flavour compounds of roasted mutton. In conclusion, cold plasma treatment improved the quality of roasted mutton patties. This study provides a new idea for the application of cold plasma in meat processing.
Geography Education: The Glass Is Half Full and It's Getting Fuller
Authors: Bednarz Robert S. , Bednarz Sarah Witham
Published: October 2023

This article examines the recent progress of geography education as an academic subfield of geography and as an area of activity in K–12 education. Challenges to both endeavors are described. A restructuring of geography education's research program that focuses on spatial thinking and reasoning and merges applied and theoretical research is proposed.
Advancing Human Geography at the Commencement du Siècle*
Authors: Warf Barney
Published: October 2023

Human geography today exhibits unprecedented vitality and diversity. This survey first charts some major lines of research in the field in light of the ascendancy of critical theory, political economy, and poststructuralist thought, including feminism, the cultural turn, consumption, urban geography, and globalization. Next, it focuses on several “cutting‐edge” issues, such as race, postcolonialism, the social construction of nature, representations of space, and cyberspace. Finally, the article turns an eye toward the future, offering comments on the discipline's likely trajectories with regard to the blurring of traditional dualisms, methodological integration, and the lacunae of public policy and geographic education.
A Local Example of Land‐Use Change: Southern Illinois—1807, 1938, and 1993*
Authors: Duram Leslie A. , Bathgate Jon , Ray Christina
Published: October 2023

This article provides an analysis of a wetland site in southern Illinois from presettlement to the present. The study area is part of the Cache River‐Cypress Creek Wetland, which has international importance, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Land‐cover data for 1807, 1938, and 1993 were created and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Land‐use change by topographic setting (uplands, transitional, and bottomlands) and soil productivity was quantified and studied. Interviews with local experts informed this analysis. Results illustrate the complexity of environmental change and its driving forces. First, notable forest and swamp acreage was converted to cropland between 1807 and 1938 and, to a lesser degree, from 1938 to 1993. Second, there were land‐use variations by topographic region. Between 1807 and 1938, the largest transformation occurred in the uplands, with substantial acreage converted from forest to cropland. Between 1938 and 1993, however, agriculture decreased in the upland areas as hilly areas reverted to forest cover. At the same time, agriculture expanded in the bottomlands as this land was drained for farming. Third, there are interesting patterns within these categories of land‐use change, as soil productivity is an indicator of what lands were taken out of cropland and converted back to grassland and forest.
The truncation of investment flows
Authors: Bidard Christian
Published: October 2023

In finance, the economic evaluation of an intertemporal flow of investments may lead to opposite conclusions according as the present value criterion or the internal rate of return (IRR) criterion is retained. However, when the lifetime of the project results from an economic choice, the criteria are reconciled for the competitive sequence. When the flows are expressed in physical terms, a generalization of the notion of IRR allows us to show that multisector fixed‐capital models with a given real wage behave like single‐product systems. The competitive rate of return has a maximality property. The paper revises the logical and chronological relationships between neo‐Austrian and Sraffian fixed‐capital models.