bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health risks for medical personnel due to magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: König Alexander Marc , Pöschke Antje , Mahnken Andreas H.
Published: July 2024

The current state of medical and scientific knowledge on the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields on workers in the field of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is summarized here.

A systematic literature search was conducted to analyze the health risks to medical personnel from magnetic fields in MRI. A total of 7273 sources were identified, with 7139 being excluded after screening of the title and abstract. After full-text screening, 34 sources remained and were included in this paper.

There are a number of scientific publications on the occurrence of short-term sensory effects such as vertigo, metallic taste, phosphenes as well as on the occurrence of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral effects. For example, short-term exposure to clinical magnetic fields has been reported to result in a 4% reduction in speed and precision and a 16% reduction in visual contrast sensitivity at close range. Both eye-hand precision and coordination speed are affected. The long-term studies concern, among other things, the influence of magnetic fields on sleep quality, which could be linked to an increased risk of accidents. The data on the exposure of healthcare workers to magnetic fields during pregnancy is consistently outdated. However, it has been concluded that there are no particular deviations with regard to the duration of pregnancy, premature births, miscarriages, and birth weight. Epidemiological studies are lacking. With a focus on healthcare personnel, there is a considerable need for high-quality data, particularly on the consequences of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields from clinical MRI and the effects on pregnancy.
Saliva Versus Plasma Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Valproic Acid in
Jordanian Patients
Authors: Idkaidek Nasir , Al-Tarawneh Aya , Alshoaibi Laith , Tuffaha Haya , Zinati Asma , Abdelqader Majed , Al-Ghazawi Ahmad , Rabayah Ayman , Hamadi Salim
Published: July 2024

Therapeutic drug monitoring is used to ensure that medications are prescribed and
administered according to safe doseage advice and for the purpose of achieving
the desired therapeutic effects in patients. Several methods are used to perform
therapeutic drug monitoring. However, there is insufficient evidence to
currently support therapeutic drug monitoring of Valproic acid using salivary
samples. The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility of using salivary
samples as a substitute for plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring of
Valproic acid. In this study a total of 23 patients participated, with the mean
age of 33.39. Salivary and plasma samples were collected and analysed to
determine the peak and trough concentrations of Valproic acid for comparison
between the two methods. Calibrated LC- MS/ MS was used to measure Valproic acid
levels. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA test and ethical
approval was obtained prior to sample collection. The results showed that saliva
Valproic acid levels were less than that of plasma levels. There was no
significant correlation between saliva and plasma level of Valproic acid
(P>0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between the area under
the curve for both saliva and plasma Valproic acid (P<0.05). Creatinine
clearance was significantly correlated with peak plasma levels of Valproic acid
(P<0.05). Albumin was significantly correlated with plasma levels of Valproic
acid. There was also a significantly positive and moderate relationship between
Log Saliva Cmax and Log plasma free Valproic acid concentration (r=0.76,
p<0.018). In conclusion, saliva samples can be used as a substitute for
plasma samples in the therapeutic drug monitoring of Valproic acid.
Should we perform regular surveillance capsule endoscopies in patients following small-bowel adenocarcinoma resection? A case report and discussion
Authors: Wiedbrauck Damian , Hollerbach Stephan , Wiedbrauck Felix
Published: July 2024

Because small-bowel tumors are rare, prospective data on the utility of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for their detection are limited. Current guidelines do not advocate for surveillance VCEs in patients following small-bowel tumor resection, which is mostly due to a lack of data. Here, we report an 81-year-old male patient who had undergone curative segmental ileal adenocarcinoma resection 15 years ago and another segmental jejunal adenocarcinoma resection (TNM-Classification: pT2 pN0 (0/2) G2M0) 7 years ago. He now presents with melena, progressive dyspnea, and decreased hemoglobin levels. VCE revealed local intestinal recurrence of the previously resected jejunal adenocarcinoma, leading to a second segmental jejunal resection (TNM-Classification: pT3 L1 pN0 (0/5) G2 M0). We believe that regular surveillance VCEs after the first jejunal adenocarcinoma resection might have facilitated earlier detection of tumor recurrence in this patient’s case. Therefore, we suggest considering regular surveillance VCEs, at least in patients with recurrent small-bowel malignancies. However, future prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings.
The Impact of Emotional Responses on Female Reproduction: Fibrinolysis in the Spotlight
Authors: Hoirisch-Clapauch Silvia
Published: July 2024

Fibrinolytic enzymes modify various substrates required for tissue remodeling, playing a crucial role in mechanisms underlying resilience, reward processing, ovulation, embryo implantation, and placentation. Individuals with low resilience and reduced reward responsiveness, when exposed to chronic stress, are at increased risk of experiencing a range of negative emotions. Chronic anxiety and melancholia are examples of negative emotions associated with hypercortisolism, while fear and atypical depression are characterized by systemic inflammation. Both cortisol and inflammatory cytokines stimulate the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a potent fibrinolysis inhibitor. Chronic anxiety, fear, and depression are among the many hypofibrinolytic conditions increasing the risk of oligo-anovulation, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Although significant, the impact of negative emotions on implantation is not as obvious as on ovulation or placentation. Other hypofibrinolytic conditions that may affect female reproduction through mechanisms dependent or independent of PAI-1 include metabolic disturbances (e.g., due to consumption of highly palatable foods, often used to alleviate negative affect), inflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, antiphospholipid antibodies, and the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene. Benzodiazepines and antidepressants should be used with caution in the first trimester as this combination may cause malformations. Also, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have fibrinolytic properties that increase the risk of bleeding after surgical procedures. Psychological interventions, especially group therapy, are effective in the prevention of reproductive disorders. Controlled trials are needed to test the hypothesis that female reproductive health depends on psychological well-being, a balanced diet and physical activity, suppression of inflammation and autoantibodies, and homocysteine and hormonal homeostasis.
Determinants of the profitability of Sheltered Workshops: efficiency and effects of the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Maside-Sanfiz José Manuel , López-Penabad María-Celia , Iglesias-Casal Ana , Torrelles Manent Juan
Published: July 2024

The socio-labor inclusion of people with disabilities represents a substantial social challenge in European countries, particularly in Spain. Sheltered Workshops (SWs), a type of Work Integration Social Enterprise, are companies specifically designed to provide employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, offering ongoing support throughout the integration process. SWs need to be profitable to sustain their social contributions. This study investigates the determinants of profitability for SWs in Spain, analyzing a sample of 1133 entities from 2010 to 2020. Using a static panel data model (random effects) and a dynamic panel data model (Generalized Method of Moments, GMM system), we estimate, among other factors, the impact of efficiency on profitability, with efficiency scores calculated via data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our findings reveal that the positive effect of operational efficiency outweighs the negative effect of social efficiency, resulting in a net positive impact of overall efficiency on profitability. The SWs were able to operate effectively to meet the needs of people with disabilities while achieving financial viability by combining social and economic goals. The study shows no significant differences in these effects when considering the legal status of the SWs (for-profit vs. non-profit). Additional factors influencing SW performance include size, low risk, and leverage, which have a positive impact, while age, liquidity, and tangibility generally have a negative and significant effect. During both the financial and COVID-19 crises, SWs experienced lower profitability; however, a positive and significant relationship between efficiency and profitability was observed during the COVID-19 crisis. The robustness of our results was confirmed through alternative measures of efficiency and performance and by addressing potential endogeneity issues. Understanding how financial and social factors influence profitability helps policymakers develop growth and sustainability policies for SWs and enables practitioners to identify strengths and weaknesses, facilitating better decision-making.
About splitting of energy gap in superfluid neutron matter with spin-triplet anisotropic p-wave pairing at nuclear and supranuclear densities in superstrong magnetic fields
Authors: Tarasov A. N.
Published: July 2024

The nonlinear integral equations for the components of the order parameter of dense superfluid neutron matter (SNM) with spin-triplet anisotropic p-wave pairing (similar to pairing in 3He−A2 in magnetic fields, i.e., with spin S = 1 and orbital moment L = 1 of anisotropic Cooper pairs of neutrons) in superstrong magnetic fields (exceeding the 1017 G) are solved analytically in the limit of zero temperature. These solutions are derived for the family of so-called BSk-type generalized parameterizations of the effective Skyrme forces (with three terms dependent on density n) in neutron matter. The obtained general solutions for splitting of energy gap in SNM in superstrong magnetic fields are specified for the generalized BSk21 parameterization of the effective Skyrme forces at nuclear density n0 = 0.17 fm–3 and at two supranuclear densities n = 1.25n0 and n = 1.5n0 for magnetic fields H = Z⋅1017 G, where 1≤ Z ≤ 10. The main results are the splitting of energy gap and its asymmetry which increase nonlinearly with growing both superstrong magnetic field H and supranuclear density n > n0. Such effects in SNM might exist in liquid outer core (at densities n>∼⁡n0) in strongly magnetized neutron stars known as “magnetars”.
Employing artificial intelligence to augment 3D bioprinting
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: July 2024

AI can analyze data and automate processes, providing a wide range of benefits for 3D bioprinting.
Topology of dynamical systems on the Fermi surface and galvanomagnetic phenomena in normal metals
Authors: Maltsev A. Ya. , Novikov S. P.
Published: July 2024

We discuss here the electron dynamics in crystals in rather strong magnetic fields. The most non-trivial part of this topic is the Novikov problem, namely, the problem of classifying non-closed trajectories for particles with an arbitrary dispersion relation in presence of a magnetic field. Here we will try to review both the classical results obtained in the study of this problem and the most recent results related to its most difficult part. At the same time, the study of electron dynamics on the Fermi surface can also be carried out in a more general setting, namely, as the study of the topology of the corresponding dynamical system and the physical phenomena associated with it. This approach is actually related to the Novikov problem, but includes the study of a wider range of issues, as well as a wider range of experimentally observed phenomena. Here we will try to describe a number of general principles relating changes in the topological pattern of trajectories on the Fermi surface to the observed phenomena in strong magnetic fields. We also note here that the study of the described effects can be quite informative for the experimental study of dispersion relations in conductors.
Real time prediction algorithm for SOC of lithium ion power battery under high pulse rate
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Bai Shuhua , He Baiqing
Published: July 2024

The battery needs to provide a large amount of power in a short time under the condition of a high pulse rate. Real time and accurate State of Charge (SOC) prediction can help the battery management system understand the current status of the battery better, optimize the battery charging and discharging strategy, and improve the efficiency of the battery. In order to prolong battery life and enhance battery safety, a real-time prediction algorithm for SOC of the power battery under a high pulse rate was proposed. The second order RC equivalent circuit is used to establish the model of the battery. The equivalent circuit model of the battery is designed online using the recursive least squares algorithm, and the time-varying parameter model of the battery is established. Its output value is used as the input to the gating recurrent cell neural network, and the neural network is used to output the predicted SOC value. The SOC prediction result is used as the observation vector of the adaptive extended Kalman filter algorithm to obtain the final real-time prediction result of lithium ion power battery SOC. The experimental results show that the parameters identified by the research algorithm for lithium-ion power batteries are as follows: the fluctuation range of ohmic internal resistance is 0.05–0.40 Ω, and the fluctuation range of electrochemical polarization is 0–4.5 F. The terminal voltage values collected by the research algorithm have higher accuracy, with the error being always less than 0.03 V. Moreover, the algorithm can effectively predict the SOC of lithium-ion power batteries in real time, with a maximum average absolute error of about 2%.
Study on stall characteristics of the water jet propulsion pump device based on entropy generation theory and third-generation vortex identification method
Authors: Jiao Weixuan , Xi Xiaoyuan , Cheng Li , Zhao Heng , Wang Yuqi , Shen Jiantao , Luo Can
Published: July 2024

The generation of stall conditions will directly affect the hydraulic and energy characteristics of the water jet propulsion pump. Utilizing the entropy generation theory, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the entropy generation loss distribution across each water jet propulsion pump device component under varying flow conditions. The investigation delineates the entropy generation loss variation with changes in the flow rate, revealing that the impeller and the inlet duct emerge as the primary contributors to entropy generation loss in the system. Through a comparative analysis of the flow patterns and entropy generation loss rate distribution under design conditions and two stall conditions for the inlet duct and impeller section, this study elucidates the entropy generation loss distribution characteristics in these sections. The investigation aims to provide insights into the factors contributing to the occurrence of high entropy generation areas. Additionally, the Liutex Omega vortex identification method is employed in this study to elucidate the correlation between vortex structure and the entropy generation loss rate distribution under diverse operating conditions. This approach further substantiates the underlying reasons for the observed entropy generation loss rate distribution.
Research on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed elevator guide vanes based on box pufferfish biomimetic drag reduction
Authors: Zhang Qing , Huang Wenqi , Liu Qingjie , Zhu Xiangshuai , Zhao Chen
Published: July 2024

The elevator technology is increasingly advancing toward higher speeds, and thus, the study on aerodynamic drag reduction has become urgent and important. This paper proposes for the first time a high-speed elevator aerodynamic drag reduction method based on the bionic design of boxfish. Through shape analysis of the boxfish, a bionic fairing model for high-speed elevators was constructed. Finally, the aerodynamic characteristics and airflow velocity of the two elevator shapes under various parameters were subjected to comparative analysis. The results show that after the flow field reached stability, the drag coefficient of the boxfish-inspired bionic flow guide model (Fs) was reduced by 71.5% compared with the traditional rectangular structure (Car), and the oscillation of aerodynamic parameters of the structure was weakened. The boxfish-inspired bionic flow guide model exerted minimal effect on the pressure and velocity distribution in the wake field, which promoted the reduction in the lateral vibration of the elevator and enabled its smooth operation. The vortex at the rear of the boxfish-inspired bionic flow guide model became shorter and more concentrated toward the center, and the Strouhal number increased by 38.5%, which led to an increased frequency of vortex shedding in the elevator wake. The drag reduction effect of the boxfish-inspired bionic flow guide model is directly proportional to the blockage ratio, reaching up to 57%, and can considerably reduce energy conversion under various inclination angles.
Flow and heat transfer analysis on impingement/effusion cooling configuration including jet orifices with conformal pins
Authors: Chen Chenlin , Jiang Yuting , Lao Xingsheng , Chen Yida , Dong Liangchen
Published: July 2024

An improving impingement/effusion cooling configuration including jet orifices with conformal pins is investigated by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation. Two groups of configurations are adopted for comparisons to investigate the flow and conjugate heat transfer characteristics. The proposed configurations with long round holes and fan-shaped holes are applied to evaluate the influences of film hole geometry with thin outer wall, in comparison to typical thin double-wall configuration. Film protection behavior, internal heat transfer pattern, and overall cooling performance are determined at various Reynolds number. Meanwhile, the effects of reducing wall thickness with fixed length-to-diameter ratio for impingement/effusion cooling system with round holes as well as fan-shaped holes are investigated at different blowing ratios with respect to overall cooling performance. Furthermore, the solid temperature gradient distribution and dimensionless pumping power are taken into consideration comprehensively. The results indicate that the proposed configuration with fan-shaped holes achieves the highest overall cooling effectiveness by 5%–40% higher than typical double-wall between jet Reynolds number of 470–3780 and performs the best thermo-hydraulic performance.
Modeling the dynamics of co-infection between COVID-19 and tuberculosis with quarantine strategies: A mathematical approach
Authors: Shah Kamil , Ismail Emad A. A. , Awwad Fuad A. , Khan Usman , Shah Jamal , Bonyah Ebenezer
Published: July 2024

As a result of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection, public health is at risk. Various organs in the body may be affected by a co-infection of COVID-19 and TB. It has been shown that COVID-19 and TB co-infect humans through a bilinear incidence rate. An analysis of the efficacy of quarantine compartments for individuals with COVID-19 and who are co-infected with COVID-19 and TB is conducted using a mathematical model of COVID-19 and TB co-infection. To model the dynamics of COVID-19 and TB co-infection, we first illustrate the disease dynamics schematically and then apply the law of mass action to obtain nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Analysis of the boundedness, positivity, and equilibrium points of the system has been performed. On the basis of the next-generation matrix (NGM) technique, the reproduction number is calculated to determine the stability of the free equilibrium point. Whenever R0 < 1, the equilibrium points that are disease-free are locally asymptotically stable, but not globally. Numerical simulation shows that the use of quarantine strategies, θ1 (quarantine rates for people suffering from COVID-19) and ϕ (quarantine rates for co-infected individuals), was found to be impactful in the control of TB infection and TB–COVID-19 co-infection spread in the population if the values of those coefficients were increased. To prevent the spread of infection in the community, it is important that government stakeholders focus on the key criteria of quarantine for COVID-19 and TB co-infection.
Development of a full aperture backscatter system for the Orion laser
Authors: Thomas P. , Horsfield C. J. , Girling M. T. , Heath S. , Pitt S. F. , Oades K.
Published: July 2024

A full aperture backscatter system (FABS) is currently in development on the Orion laser at AWE to measure scattered light from the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) processes. The light is to be collected through the full aperture of the final optic assembly and traverse back down the beam path, with fractions of this light being directed to an optics table. By measuring the energy of this backscattered light, it is possible to gain insight into some of the laser-plasma instabilities that are present on the laser system and should give an indication of some of the scattered light losses due to the SBS and SRS processes. The uncontrolled scattered light can lead to hotter electrons, which then preheat the target causing a degradation in compression and can inhibit ignition in inertial confinement fusion experiments, as well as secondary instabilities whereby the scattered light may in itself cause further LPIs, such as two-ion decay or the Langmuir decay instability. The FABS diagnostic on Orion is planned to enhance the plasma diagnostics suite available and provide quantitative guidance on increasing the energy coupling. Current progress includes the characterization of filters and, hence, a broadband xenon lamp to be used in measuring the transmission efficiency of the optics chain, desktop alignment of the backscatter optics, and characterization of the streak cameras.
An improved deep learning model for sparse reconstruction of cavitation flow fields
Authors: Xu Yuhang , Sha Yangyang , Wang Cong , Wei Yingjie
Published: July 2024

Recovering full states from limited observations provides supports for active control of the cavitation, preventing power loss due to cavitation erosion. Recent advances in deep learning provide essential support for constructing accurate state estimators. In this work, the commonly used CNNs (convolutional neural networks)-based encoder for reconstructing the full-state field from sparse observations is carefully investigated. The results reveal that the potential information loss and weak negative correlations between features generated by the encoder can significantly impair the feature representation capability of models. To address these issues, a specially designed transformer-based encoder is employed in this work to generate dense and positively correlated features for the decoder. Tests on the cavitation dataset demonstrate impressive improvements in prediction accuracy. Moreover, visualizations of the training process also confirm the enhanced convergence speed due to the model improvements. Notably, the model represents the first specifically designed deep learning model for predicting velocity fields from sparse pressure observations on the hydrofoil. The proposed model holds the promise to achieve accurate flow field reconstruction, providing support for active cavitation control aimed at enhancing turbine operational efficiency and reducing power loss.
Beam propagation in cubic–quintic nonlinear optical system supported by modified parity–time symmetric Rosen–Morse complex potential
Authors: C. P. Jaseera , K. Aysha Muhsina , A. R. Thasneem
Published: July 2024

The present study explores the stability and persistence of nonlinear waves in self-focusing cubic–quintic media employing couplings of nonlinearity, spatial diffraction, and the parity–time symmetric Rosen–Morse complex field. Here, we discover that a system supported by Rosen–Morse potential can develop eigenmodes but does not accommodate stable soliton solutions for any potential parameters due to the non-vanishing terms in the imaginary component of potential. The study expands by modifying Rosen–Morse potential and discovers that the region of sustained PT-symmetry in the self-focusing material is enhanced and influenced by the order of the nonlinear function, spectral filtering, and gain/loss in the system. Stable soliton conditions for both broken PT-symmetric and PT-symmetric regions are established by the linear stability analysis using numerical simulations. Nonlinear propagation of the beam in the modified PT system is explored and identifies that stable beam propagation is possible only if the system is supported by the field, which is below the threshold imaginary potential.
Patterning luminescent and stable perovskite-acrylic polymer composites via a convenient strategy
Authors: Guo Jinxin , Wang Jing , Chen Shuang , Tong Peige , Liu Yifei , Zhang Yiwei , Zhang Xinping
Published: July 2024

Perovskite semiconductors have achieved great success during the last decades in the application of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodiodes. Developing strategies to pattern perovskites with high-resolution is crucial to broaden the application scenarios of perovskite displays and on-chip lighting. However, the widely used lithography procedure has the problem of high-cost and complexity. In this study, we demonstrate a method to pattern a luminescent perovskite-acrylic polymer composite that is prepared by direct injection at room temperature. This strategy uses standard photoresists and UV lithography at room temperature, and then the pattern in the photoresists can be easily transferred to the perovskite-acrylic polymer composite. Finally, we can obtain high-quality micron-scale features. Furthermore, we demonstrate the universality of this strategy by adapting perovskite with different color emissions into the composite and patterning it using the same procedure. Another advantage of this patternable perovskite-acrylic polymer composite is its superb water-repellent properties, which are believed to be of great potential in underwater applications.
Sheep producers report docking tails shorter than recommended, knowledge–practice gap, and inconsistent length descriptions: an Australian survey
Authors: Woodruff Madeleine E. , Munoz Carolina A. , Coleman Grahame J. , Doyle Rebecca E. , Barber Stuart R.
Published: July 2024

Context In Australia, it is a common practice to dock sheep tails, to reduce breech soiling and flystrike. According to research, for docking to provide the optimal benefit, tails should be left at a length that covers the vulva in ewes and to an equivalent length in males. Docking tails shorter than recommended increases the risk of perineal cancers, arthritis and prolapse. Research indicates that some producers dock tails shorter than recommended, up to 57% in surveys and up to 86% in on-farm data. Aims This study aimed to ascertain the current tail docking length, practices, knowledge and attitudes of Australian sheep producers. Methods A national survey was conducted using online, hardcopy and computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) modes of delivery (n = 547). Key results Fifty-seven percent (205/360) of online and hardcopy survey participants chose short tail images to represent their practice, where the vulva was exposed. Although 88% (135/154) of CATI participants described their sheep tail lengths to be covering the vulva, participants equated the length to leaving two tail joints (40%, 54/134) and/or 50 mm (29%, 39/134), both of which have been previously found to be too short to cover the vulva. There was a high awareness of the recommended length (75.7%, 408/539) and 60% (234/390) of participants described it accurately. Significant associations were identified between choosing the short tail image and (1) describing the recommended length to be shorter than it is (P < 0.01), (2) being a producer in South Australia (P < 0.05), and (3) practicing mulesing (P < 0.01). Tail docking is important for producers to reduce flystrike, but docking at their chosen length held more importance than following the recommendation. Participants tended to agree that shearers preferred short tails. Docking tails with a hot knife or rubber rings were the most common methods used. Conclusions These results indicated that short tail docking remains a sheep-welfare issue for Australian sheep, and that a knowledge–practice gap exists for some producers. Implications Future research in the space of tail length could address the identified knowledge–practice gap, attitudes, and individual barriers to benefit sheep welfare and the industry.
Information structure in Makhuwa: Electrophysiological evidence for a universal processing account
Authors: Verdonschot Rinus G. , van der Wal Jenneke , Lewis Ashley , Knudsen Birgit , von Grebmer zu Wolfsthurn Sarah , Schiller Niels O. , Hagoort Peter
Published: July 2024

There is evidence from both behavior and brain activity that the way information is structured, through the use of focus, can up-regulate processing of focused constituents, likely to give prominence to the relevant aspects of the input. This is hypothesized to be universal, regardless of the different ways in which languages encode focus. In order to test this universalist hypothesis, we need to go beyond the more familiar linguistic strategies for marking focus, such as by means of intonation or specific syntactic structures (e.g., it-clefts). Therefore, in this study, we examine Makhuwa-Enahara, a Bantu language spoken in northern Mozambique, which uniquely marks focus through verbal conjugation. The participants were presented with sentences that consisted of either a semantically anomalous constituent or a semantically nonanomalous constituent. Moreover, focus on this particular constituent could be either present or absent. We observed a consistent pattern: Focused information generated a more negative N400 response than the same information in nonfocus position. This demonstrates that regardless of how focus is marked, its consequence seems to result in an upregulation of processing of information that is in focus.
“I want children to see that their languages are respected”
Authors: Timpe-Laughlin Veronika , Sova Lorraine , Kim Michelle
Published: July 2024

Demand for an understanding and appreciation of linguistic and cultural diversity in educational contexts has
intensified, given increasing levels of globalization. Moreover, guidelines from educational agencies (e.g., United Nations, 2015b; U.S. Department of Education, 2017) as
well as state-level preschool teaching standards call for raising awareness of languages, cultures, and diversity beginning in
early childhood. However, limited research in that area suggests most U.S. pre-primary teachers are monolingual English speakers
(Espinosa & Crandell, 2021). Additionally, professional development and
instructional programs on language and cultural awareness in pre-primary classrooms are rare (Kearney & Barbour, 2015). These observations raise the question as to how pre-primary educators promote linguistic
and cultural diversity in their classrooms.

This study explores world language learning practices in state-licensed, Northeastern U.S. pre-primary schools. We
administered an online survey about world language learning resources, pedagogical approaches, and classroom practices to 138
pre-primary educators and conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with 15 of the teachers. We calculated frequency
distributions for survey items to determine consensus or discrepancy among teachers and applied the procedure of initial, axial,
and selective coding (Friedman, 2012) to open-ended survey responses and interview
transcripts to identify trends and refine themes. Findings show that teachers recognized the benefits of building language and
cultural awareness. Despite limited time, training, and resources to implement such pedagogy, they included different
languages and cultures in instruction. We present their practices, focusing in particular on three distinct approaches, and
discuss implications for promoting pre-primary plurilingual and (inter)cultural education.
Observation of a phase transition from a continuous to a discrete time crystal
Authors: Kongkhambut Phatthamon , Cosme Jayson G , Skulte Jim , Moreno Armijos Michelle A , Mathey Ludwig , Hemmerich Andreas , Keßler Hans
Published: July 2024

Discrete (DTCs) and continuous time crystals (CTCs) are novel dynamical many-body states, that are characterized by robust self-sustained oscillations, emerging via spontaneous breaking of discrete or continuous time translation symmetry. DTCs are periodically driven systems that oscillate with a subharmonic of the external drive, while CTCs are continuously driven and oscillate with a frequency intrinsic to the system. Here, we explore a phase transition from a continuous time crystal to a discrete time crystal. A CTC with a characteristic oscillation frequencyωCTCis prepared in a continuously pumped atom-cavity system. Modulating the pump intensity of the CTC with a frequencyωdrclose to2ωCTCleads to robust locking ofωCTCtoωdr/2, and hence a DTC arises. This phase transition in a quantum many-body system is related to subharmonic injection locking of non-linear mechanical and electronic oscillators or lasers.
Holographic Einstein ring of a charged Rastall AdS black hole with bulk electromagnetic field*
Authors: Aslam M. Israr , Zeng 曾 Xiao-Xiong 晓雄 , Saleem Rabia , Hu 胡 Xin-Yun 馨匀
Published: July 2024

We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole (BH) within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence. Considering the holographic setup, we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters. With an increase in parameter λ and temperature T, the amplitude of the response function decreases, while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potential μ. The influence of frequency ω also plays an important role in the bulk field, as it is found that decreasing ω leads to an increase in the periods of the waves, which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source. The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon

for various values of parameter λ is interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters. These, in turn, affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring, which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones. We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system. The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole, and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole. Finally, we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius, which is consistent with wave optics.
UV hybrid photon detector based on GaN photocathodes and Si low gain avalanche diode
Authors: Boukhicha Mohamed , Tsang Thomas Y. , Giacomini Gabriele , Dabiran Amir M. , Cultrera Luca
Published: July 2024

Photon detectors featuring single-photon sensitivity play a
crucial role in various scientific domains, including high-energy
physics, astronomy, and quantum optics. Fast response time, high
quantum efficiency, and minimal dark counts are the characteristics
that render them ideal candidates for detecting individual photons
with exceptional signal-to-noise ratios, at frequencies in the range
of hundreds of MHz. Here, we report on our first design and
operational results on a Hybrid Photon Detector (HPD) that combines
the high quantum efficiency of a Gallium Nitride (GaN) photocathode
and the low noise characteristics of a Si-based Low-Gain Avalanche
Diode (LGAD). This hybrid detection scheme has the potential to
reach single-photon detection sensitivity with high quantum
efficiency, low noise levels and capable of operating at hundreds of
MHz repetition rates.
Artificial Neural Network MPPT method of Solar PV System for Electric Vehicles using Mat Lab Simulink
Authors: Bharathi G , Rishitha B D S N , Lakshmi D B D M N , Likhitha Valli A , Durga B
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are increasingly used in various areas due to their capability of handling complex systems specifies. Among the techniques of AI, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) technique plays an important role. The Power Quality (PQ) of average to short-voltage control transmission power flow continues to be an increasingly significant issue in electric vehicles. In the previous method, charging management, large duration, and low performance are drawbacks of renewable electric vehicles. So in this method, Photovoltaic based on the available irradiance and temperatures with Battery operate charging Condition. The DC-DC converter is a bidirectional flow in order to charge the battery and supply electricity to the demand when the irradiance is high enough to generate the necessary voltage. The battery will provide power to the load using an identical bidirectional DC-DC converter whenever the PV array’s irradiance is insufficient to create a suitable voltage, at which point the battery will drain across the load. A bidirectional power flow is created by connecting buck and boost converters antiparallel to one another. Neural network controllers are designed to produce a particular duty cycle for MOSFET/IGBT. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using Artificial Neural Network technique for PWM. Condition to evaluate output power quality by applying convert DC to DC for the Duty cycle. The output result gains a better-charging state and analyses the outcomes of simulations in Mat lab/Simulink is used for improved output results.
Fuzzy Based Solar MPPT for Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Bharathi G , Sai Mahitha P , Baby Sree K , Satya Sai Sri K , Usha Rani U
Published: July 2024

The power quality of electrical equipment relates to how well the electricity specified meets the required parameters such as harmonics, higher frequency electrical signals, low power factor, and power quality problems. To overcome this drawback, the maximum output and stable operation of solar-based power generation systems depend on the control and management of home load and electrical vehicle applications. A non-isolated buck–boost converter design with switches and inductors operating in buck-boost mode. Compared to buck-boost conversion device, the step-up/step-down voltage ratio of the isolated converter has a better gain, and the output voltage improves the power quality. A fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique monitors voltage (V) and current (I) under environmental conditions such as high insolation variations and partial shade. The maximum power point of a photovoltaic (PV) module remains constant despite fluctuations in solar radiation and cell temperature. Fuzzy logic for high-frequency power conversion is performed in two stages using a bridge-type converter with a DC link in the base and a chain connection of DC–DC step-up conversion devices. The output result shows the harmonic distortion from the single-phase output with power analysis through simulation.
Parameter Estimation of Solar PV Module Employing Electric EEL Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kumari Pinki , Rahman Mukhlesur , Mani Sankar Matta
Published: July 2024

The extraction of unknown parameters from photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical for evaluating PV system performance amidst unpredictable conditions. This paper introduces a pioneering metaheuristic algorithm, the electric eel foraging optimization (EEFO) algorithm, tailored for resolving non-linear PV parameter estimation challenges. Inspired by the predatory behaviour of electric eels, EEFO represents a novel swarm optimization approach. The proposed methodology combines the EEFO algorithm with the Newton-Raphson method to bolster solution accuracy. Comparative assessments against established optimization algorithms validate the superior efficacy of the EEFO algorithm, substantiating its potential as a leading solution in this domain.
Numerical Analysis of Tilted Cavities Placement Effects on the Airfoils in Wind Turbine Systems
Authors: Bucur I O , Crunteanu D E , Dombrovschi M C
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to contribute to the research and development of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). This will be achieved through a comprehensive analysis of modified airfoils featuring inclined cavities, specifically tailored for applications in wind systems but not limited to this. The investigation conducted in this manuscript utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to perform a numerical assessment of different airfoil configurations that have undergone modifications consisting of the incorporation of tilted cavities along distinct lengths of their upper surfaces. The aim is to ascertain an optimal airfoil geometry for VAWT applications, with a focus on concurrently achieving a high lift coefficient while minimizing the impact on the drag coefficient, therefore enhancing the overall aerodynamic performance of VAWTs. The airfoil employed in this study is the NACA0012, serving as a benchmark for comparison with airfoils subjected to modifications involving the incorporation of tilted cavities. The results of this investigation reveal that, in terms of aerodynamic traits, one of the altered airfoil configurations exhibits superior performance relative to the NACA0012 airfoil.
Energy Efficient Data Transfer in Internet of Things Sensor Network using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
Authors: Dhanabalan G , Sudhakar P , Ashok R
Published: July 2024

Sensors and actuators play a vital role in realizing the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The data transmission capability from edge devices to servers and vice-versa enables IoT applications to be more realistic and effective. However, one of the major challenges to IoT applications is power management at the edge devices. The power consumption of the edge devices depends on the amount of data transferred through the network in a defined interval. Data size and its applicability to the receiving device are controllable parameters, and consequently, energy efficiency can be improved. This work aims to establish an IoT architecture using a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol that effectively handles the data transmission in the network. It also provides a solution for the elimination of data redundancy; hence, the network was effectively utilized, and the energy consumption was reduced in the edge devices. The proposed architecture was demonstrated with a potentiometer as a data generator and MQTT as a message broker. Further, the transmitted data was received at the edge devices and its performance was analyzed. Based on the results, it was verified that the client was able to receive the data without any loss in terms of precision. Data redundancy was avoided by disabling the data transmission whenever the nodeMCU identifies the constant sensor value. This retains the power at the edge devices and data transmission devices.
A Critical Review on Key Issues of Performance Degradation Factors for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Dhanaselvam J , Rukkumani V , Saravanakumar K , Rajesh R
Published: July 2024

The rich performance characteristics of lithium-ion batteries make them extensively used for both primary and secondary applications. The Battery Management System plays a vital role in the measurement of health indicating factors such as state of health, state of power, Internal resistance, temperature, and rate of reactions. From this, it gives useful information about battery degradation. In this paper, a review is made for studying various key topics such as (i) different generations of BMS and their functions associated with monitoring, analysing, and predicting, (ii) battery electrode materials and their potential advantages and disadvantages. Various types of cathode materials such as Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO), Lithium-Ion Phosphate (LFP). Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM), are discussed with respect to the features terminal voltage, safety, long life, and thermal stability. Similarly, the anode materials graphite, graphene, LTO and, silicon is also taking part in battery performance and the health indicating factors such as irreversibility, specific capacity, SEI layer, structural deformation, lithium diffusion rate, ionic conductivity are considered for the discussion. It is stated that the columbic efficiency of these materials is 95.4%. (iii) The battery degradation happens in every stage of the battery life cycle. The battery life cycle refers to the designing of battery materials, manufacturing, production state, and usage in primary and secondary applications. The various factors such as external factors and aging factors (internal side reaction and storage degradation) are studied in terms of various degradation modes are studied. The results for the cell voltage variation under various temperature is tested and dependent-characteristics are analysed using contour graphical analysis. Under high temperature the voltage drop is accelerated more and it is indicated in green region of the contour plot. In addition, it is observed that, the temperature from 32°C - 34°C, the change in cell voltage variation is minimum.
Experimental Studies and Analysis for Performance Assessment of Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Kumar Agrawal Karmendra , Kant Mittal Ravi , Khanra Jha Shibani , Pratap Singh Ajit , Vashishtha Sanjay , Kumar Soni Manoj
Published: July 2024

The Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) systems are expected to perform relatively at a higher efficiency level as compared to ground mounted PV systems. The major factor affecting the operating efficiency of a solar panel is the operating temperature of the PV panel which is relatively lower as compared to ground mounted PV system. To accomplish this, an experiment setup of FSPV system has been developed which consists of solar panels operating at different heights above water surface. The findings indicate that FSPV modules can reduce the module temperature by up to 4°C – 7°C. The performance of FSPV has been analysed under diurnal conditions. The performance has been assessed in terms of power output by utilising module parameters. The results highlight the power output from solar panel under varying heights help to optimize the operating heights of the solar panels over the water bodies to achieve maximum power output. Therefore, it is also advised for FSPV to raise the PV modules to their optimal height. The FSPV systems at 500 mm height provided 1.8-3.78% higher power output than ground mounted PV systems, maximum of all the panels above water.