bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Floristic Composition, Diversity, and Vegetation Structure of Woody Species in Kahitassa Forest, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Workayehu Baymot , Fitamo Daniel , Kebede Firew , Birhanu Liyew , Fassil Amare
Published: December 2022

Kahitassa forest is one of the State Forests of Ethiopia with great floral diversity. However, the forest is under threat due to selective cutting of important indigenous tree species and encroachment of the forest area for agricultural purpose. Therefore, the study was intended to explore the floristic composition, structure, and regeneration status of Kahitassa forest. Vegetation data were collected from June to November 2020 using systematic sampling technique from 6 parallel transect lines laid out 500 m apart each other. A total of 101 plots (20 × 20 m) were laid with 100 m apart along transect lines. Vegetation description parameters including Shannon–Weiner Index, evenness, density, DBH, basal area, frequency, and importance value indices (IVI) were computed to characterize both species diversity and vegetation structure. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify plant communities using R (Version 3.1.2) software. A total of 46 woody plant species belonging to 45 genera and 36 families were identified in the forest. Fabaceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families both constituting 34.78% of the total species. The Shannon diversity index (H’) and evenness (E) values of the study area were 2.92 and 0.72, respectively, showing the healthy status of the forest. Five plant community types, namely, Croton macrostachyus–Embelia schemperi, Maytenus undata–Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Pavetta abyssinica–Bersama abyssinica, Peucadanum mattiroli, Albizia schimperiana, and Rubus apetalus–Phytolacca dodecandra were identified. The most dominant species as indicated by their important value index (lVI) were Pavetta abyssinica (34.08), Vachellia abyssinica (IVI = 25.13), and Albizia schimperiana (IVI = 21.45). Analyses of DBH revealed that the forest exhibits an inverted J-shape which is typical for selective cutting of multipurpose trees from the forest. Conservation approaches such as enrichment of selected species as well as in situ and ex situ conservation are needed for some plant species under threat.
Changes in Eating Attitudes and Risk for Developing Disordered Eating Behaviors in College Students with Subthreshold Eating Disorders: A Cohort Study
Authors: Miyake Yoshie , Okamoto Yuri , Takagaki Koki , Yoshihara Masaharu
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The number of young adults with eating disorders or subthreshold eating disorders has increased recently. Although disordered eating behaviors persist once they appear, there have been relatively few studies on factors that might cause disordered eating behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the eating attitudes of young adults change over time and the risk factors that increase disordered eating behaviors. Methods: A total of 1,141 college students, 639 males and 502 females, participated. We investigated changes in eating attitudes (using EAT-26 and BITE), depressive symptoms (using BDI-II), and stress coping (using CISS, which has three subscales) between 2 time points: at college entrance and in the fourth year of college. We divided the students into three groups (clinical, subthreshold, and healthy) based on EAT-26 scores and compared their BDI-II and CISS scores. Next, we identified students who developed disordered eating behaviors, both clinical and subthreshold, during their time at college (exacerbated students) and compared depressive symptoms and stress coping styles between exacerbated students and healthy students (unchanged students). Results: The students in the subthreshold group (both males and females) scored significantly higher on the BDI-II and emotion-oriented coping (CISS-E) than the students in the healthy group at college entrance. Additionally, the exacerbated students (both males and females) scored significantly higher on the CISS-E in the fourth year than unchanged students. The female exacerbated students scored significantly higher on the BDI-II than female unchanged students at both time points. Conclusions: Our results show that depressive symptoms and nonadaptive stress coping are associated with an increased risk of disordered eating behaviors. This study suggests that early intervention may be necessary for both the clinical and subthreshold groups. The key to early intervention may be to manage not only eating behaviors but also depressive symptoms and stress coping.
Incidence of Intermittent Hypoxemia Increases during Clinical Care and Parental Touch in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Mueller Stephanie Margarete , Ackermann Benjamin W. , Martin Sven , Seifert Katrin , Mohr Alina , Alali Waseem , Thome Ulrich H. , Grunwald Martin
Published: December 2022

Objectives: An increased frequency of intermittent hypoxemia (IH) is associated with a higher risk for poor developmental outcomes, disability, or death in extremely preterm infants. The objective of the prFesent study is to quantify the effect of hands-on medical and parental interventions on the incidence of IH in extremely preterm infants. Methods: An observational design with intraindividual comparisons was used. Blood oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) and time-lapse video were recorded. Frequency, duration, and time to occurrence of IH (SpO2 <80% for ≥10 s) were compared between nursing and medical care (NMC), health care by parents, skin-to-skin contact (SSC), touch in incubator, physiotherapy, and rest. Each infant was observed for six consecutive 24-h periods. Inclusion criteria were as follows: gestational age ≤28 weeks, birth weight <1500 g, postnatal age 0–6 weeks, gavage feeding, no severe illnesses or invasive procedures, no mechanical ventilation. Results: The highest proportion of time with IH occurred during NMC (2.49%) and incubator touch (1.32%), the lowest during SSC (0.74%) and health care by parents (0.67%). IH frequency per hour was highest during NMC (2.95, IQR 1.19–4.01) and lowest during SSC (0.88, IQR 0.37–2.32, p < 0.001). While an increase in IH during NMC was expected, the high incidence during incubator touch was surprising. Parental touch in the incubator is intended to be soothing, not stressful. Conclusions: Future studies need to clarify how preterm infants process touch, which attributes of touch are fundamental trigger mechanisms of IH, and which handling strategies are most effective in lowering the incidence of IH during hands-on medical care.
Nuclear Biophysical Changes during Human Melanoma Plasticity
Authors: Lionetti Maria Chiara , Fumagalli Maria Rita , La Porta Caterina A.M.
Published: December 2022

Tumor plasticity is an emerging property of tumor cells which allows them to change their phenotype in dependence on the environment. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a crucial role in helping cells acquire a more aggressive phenotype when they are in the mesenchymal state. Herein, we investigated the biophysical changes occurring during phenotypic switching in human melanoma cells, considering the blebbiness of the nuclei, their stiffness, and the involvement of polycombs with lamins. We show that the formation of cellular heterogeneity involves many crucial nuclear changes including the interaction between different types of polycombs with lamins and chromosome accessibility. Altogether, our results shed new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of a heterogeneous cell population during phenotypic switching. In particular, our results show that phenotypic switching in melanoma involves chromatin remodeling changing the transcriptional activity of cells and consequently their phenotype.
A Linguística Contrastiva Português/Alemão e seus Mecanismos de Comunicação Científica
Authors: Nascimento Jhessyca Castro do , Pereira Rogéria Costa
Published: December 2022

Construir possibilidades de circulação das informações é essencial para qualquer área do conhecimento e quando se trata de uma área específica da Linguística, como a Linguística Contrastiva, par de língua Português e Alemão, torna-se imprescindível para o reconhecimento ea consolidação da área. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa se propõe a buscar a literatura produzida na área, ampliando levantamento anterior (SIPRIANO, SOUZA e PEREIRA 2021) para áreas intra- e extralinguísticas (TEKIN 2012). O intento é concentrar os dados bibliográficos em locus acessível a toda comunidade científica. A partir das produções encontradas, traçamos análise quantiqualitativa no que diz  respeito ao número de produções, à concentração de trabalhos por área e por periódico científico. Os dados encontrados possibilitaram, ainda, uma reflexão a respeito da política de classificação dos periódicos científicos e seus impactos na comunidade científica e na sociedade.
Melitina: o uso do principal componente da peçonha de abelha no combate de linhagens de células tumorais pulmonares
Authors: Picolotto Matheus de Barros , Luna Helder Silva
Published: December 2022

Introdução: Melitina é um peptídeo formado por 26 aminoácidos e principal composto da peçonha produzida por abelhas do gênero Apis. Estudos pré-clínicos têm demonstrado uma capacidade antineoplásica do composto, evidenciando seu efeito sobre linhagens celulares de câncer. O câncer de pulmão é o câncer que mais mata no mundo, sendo que 90% dos casos da doença estão relacionados a um histórico tabagista. O diagnóstico tardio muitas vezes devido à falta de sintomas clínicos compromete diretamente o tratamento e o prognóstico, gerando uma baixa taxa de sobrevida. Neste sentido, a melitina surge como uma abordagem no tratamento de câncer de pulmão. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre as pesquisas publicadas nos últimos cinco anos sobre o efeito da melitina em linhagens de células tumorais pulmonares humanas. Resultados: Foram encontradas 15 publicações, 10 foram excluídas por não responderem diretamente ao objetivo proposto ou por se tratarem de artigos duplicados e cinco foram escolhidas para compor esta revisão. Discussão: Os artigos avaliados relatam o efeito anticancerígeno da melitina sobre linhagens celulares de câncer de pulmão in vitro e in vivo. Conclusão: Devido sua atividade citotóxica a melitina é uma candidata no desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos de câncer.
Ossificação heterotópica tardia após lesão medular traumática: um relato de caso
Authors: Souza Daniel Rubio de , Koch Roger
Published: December 2022

A Ossificação Heterotópica (OH) é uma das diversas complicações observadas na fase aguda/subaguda da instalação de uma lesão medular (LM).
Bloqueio anestésico em epicondilite lateral, qual a inervação sensitiva? relato de casos
Authors: Helfenstein Thomas , Costa Thadeu , Rached Roberto Del Valhe Abi
Published: December 2022

A epicondilite é uma das doenças mais prevalentes do braço. A incidência de epicondilite lateral (EL) é relatada em 3 a 11/1.000 pacientes por ano, enquanto a prevalência varia entre 1% e 3% na população geral e pode chegar até 23% entre os trabalhadores manuais.
Improving Large Animal Ischemic Stroke Models for Translational Studies in the Era of Recanalization
Authors: Li Shen , Fisher Marc
Published: December 2022

Recanalization therapy with endovascular procedures has led to significant advances in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Animal models have been the basis for enhancing the development of novel treatments and therapeutic modalities. However, previous translational failures led to an increasing consensus that large animals should be included to bridge the gap between rodent and human studies. In the era of large vessel recanalization, large animal ischemic stroke models should be optimized for preclinical and translational stroke studies. Here we highlight recent progress of reproducing ischemic and reperfusion mechanisms in large animal models of stroke through surgical and endovascular methods. The importance of optimizing large animal stroke modeling is suggested by evaluating new findings from clinical trials and preclinical experiments using large animals, such as adopting advanced imaging analysis and long-term functional evaluation. Furthermore, we also acknowledge the importance of adhering to the Stroke Treatment and Academic Roundtable recommendations and the “3 R” principles to improve the quality and validity of large animal experiments. Large animal models offer many translational benefits; however, more work is still needed to enhance studies using large animal model on acute ischemic stroke in the era of recanalization.
Biologically Informed Clot Histomics Are Predictive of Acute Ischemic Stroke Etiology
Authors: Patel Tatsat R. , Santo Briana A. , Jenkins TaJania D. , Waqas Muhammad , Monteiro Andre , Baig Ammad , Levy Elad I. , Davies Jason M. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Kolega John , Tomaszewski John , Tutino Vincent M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Toward development of diagnostics for cryptogenic stroke, we hypothesize that histomic features of stroke blood clots retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy could be used to delineate stroke etiology.

Methods

Clots were retrieved from patients undergoing thrombectomy, and etiology was determined by the trial of TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) score. After sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin staining, clot components (red blood cells [RBCs], fibrin–platelet aggregates [FPs], and white blood cells [WBCs]) were segmented on whole slide images. Histomic features were engineered to capture structural distribution of RBC/FP regions, including radiomics, radial composition, and RBC/FP object features. To locally characterize WBCs, textural features derived from nuclear and extranuclear regions were computed from each WBC to define classes, which we summarized into class frequency distributions. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to identify significant differences in engineered features between large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolic cases. The top 3 significant RBC/FP and WBC features were used to train a complement Naïve Bayes model, which was then used to predict the etiology of cryptogenic cases.

Results

In our data (n=53), 31 clots were cardioembolic, 8 were LAA, 4 were of strokes of other determined etiology, and 10 were cryptogenic. We identified 17 significant RBC/FP features and 3 significant WBC class frequency distributions that were different between cardioembolic and LAA. A complement Naïve Bayes model accurately classified cardioembolic versus LAA with a validation area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87±0.03, a performance substantially higher to using clot component percent composition (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.69±0.16) that is the current state‐of‐the‐art. Further, cryptogenic cases were reliably classified as cardioembolic or LAA in cross‐validation analysis.

Conclusion

We present a first‐of‐its‐kind histomics pipeline to robustly quantify the complex structure and WBC heterogeneity in acute ischemic stroke clots and classify cryptogenic cases. We hope this work begins to pave the way for histopathology biomarkers for stroke etiology diagnosis.
Morphological and molecular differences in two closely related Calotes Cuvier, 1817 (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae) with the first record of Calotes medogensis Zhao & Li, 1984 from India
Authors: BORUAH BITUPAN , NARAYANAN SURYA , DEEPAK V. , DAS ABHIJIT
Published: December 2022

We studied the morphological and genetic differences within Calotes jerdoni, a widespread species across northeast India. Our results suggest the presence of two distinct species in this region, one being Calotes jerdoni and the other being Calotes medogensis, which we report for the first time from India. We designate a lectotype for Calotes jerdoni and provided extended description based on freshly collected materials. Previously undetermined diagnostic characters were identified and are discussed here in detail. The aforementioned species show an interspecific pairwise genetic divergence of 13–14% in the ND2 mitochondrial gene.
Global and Regional Discrepancies between Early-Twentieth-Century Coastal Air and Sea Surface Temperature Detected by a Coupled Energy-Balance Analysis
Authors: Chan Duo , Gebbie Geoffrey , Huybers Peter
Published: December 2022

A major uncertainty in reconstructing historical sea surface temperature (SST) before the 1990s involves correcting for systematic offsets associated with bucket and engine-room intake temperature measurements. A recent study used a linear scaling of coastal station-based air temperatures (SATs) to infer nearby SSTs, but the physics in the coupling between SATs and SSTs generally gives rise to more complex regional air–sea temperature differences. In this study, an energy-balance model (EBM) of air–sea thermal coupling is adapted for predicting near-coast SSTs from coastal SATs. The model is shown to be more skillful than linear-scaling approaches through cross-validation analyses using instrumental records after the 1960s and CMIP6 simulations between 1880 and 2020. Improved skill primarily comes from capturing features reflecting air–sea heat fluxes dominating temperature variability at high latitudes, including damping high-frequency wintertime SAT variability and reproducing the phase lag between SSTs and SATs. Inferred near-coast SSTs allow for intercalibrating coastal SAT and SST measurements at a variety of spatial scales. The 1900–40 mean offset between the latest SST estimates available from the Met Office (HadSST4) and SAT-inferred SSTs range between −1.6°C (95% confidence interval: [−1.7°, −1.4°C]) and 1.2°C ([0.8°, 1.6°C]) across 10° × 10° grids. When further averaged along the global coastline, HadSST4 is significantly colder than SAT-inferred SSTs by 0.20°C ([0.07°, 0.35°C]) over 1900–40. These results indicate that historical SATs and SSTs involve substantial inconsistencies at both regional and global scales. Major outstanding questions involve the distribution of errors between our intercalibration model and instrumental records of SAT and SST as well as the degree to which coastal intercalibrations are informative of global trends.

Significance Statement

To evaluate the consistency of instrumental surface temperature estimates before the 1990s, we develop a coupled energy-balance model to intercalibrate measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and station-based air temperature (SAT) near global coasts. Our model captures geographically varying physical regimes of air–sea coupling and outperforms existing methods in inferring regional SSTs from SAT measurements. When applied to historical temperature records, the model indicates significant discrepancies between inferred and observed SSTs at both global and regional scales before the 1960s. Our findings suggest remaining data issues in historical temperature archives and opportunities for further improvements.
The Role of Multilateral Institutions in Bringing Vocational Education and Training Reforms in Romania During the Transition Period (1989–1999): The Case of the European Union Phare VET Programme
Authors: Abhishek
Published: December 2022

Regime change and opening of the market brought many opportunities as well as challenges to Romania. In terms of economy, growth stagnated, unemployment increased and a reverse movement of labour took place, from more productive manufacturing and services to agriculture. Need to reskill the workers to attract foreign direct investment was felt. Two multilateral institutions, World Bank and European Union (EU), stepped in. EU, through its Phare programme, played an important role in this reskilling by providing necessary funding and experience for the restructuring of vocational education and training. The article, based on both the primary and secondary sources, examines the role played by the multilateral institutions and argues that although Phare VET programme failed short of what it was intended in many areas because of some planning and operational shortcomings, it was quite a successful programme in terms of initiating curriculum development, introducing modularization, acquainting Romanian VET schools with modern equipment and pedagogy, and planted the seeds of social partnership in the field of VET.
Self-Managed Medication Abortion: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Cirucci Christina A.
Published: December 2022

Medication abortion represents more than 50 percent of abortions in the United States (US). Since its approval in the US in 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has progressively relaxed the prescribing requirements such that currently, no office visit, in-person dispensing, or ultrasound is required. Obtaining medication for abortion online without medical supervision or evaluation is also possible. This article reviews the complications of medication abortion by examining major studies and delineates the risks specific to self-managed abortion to inform clinicians in caring for women.

Medication abortion has become the most common abortion method in the United States. This document provides a detailed history of the relaxation requirements on medication abortion and reviews the major studies on medication abortion complications including a discussion of their limitations. Finally, the paper delineates the ease of access to medication abortion without a health care provider and the risks associated with self-managed abortion. This paper is intended to provide information for clinicians who likely will be encountering increasing number of patients with such complications.
Is There Someone in the Hereafter? Mediumship Accuracy of 100 Readings Obtained with a Triple Level of Blinding Protocol
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio , Liberale Laura , Sinesio Fernando
Published: December 2022

The accuracy of information obtained by 28 self-claimant mediums related to 100 readings obtained with a triple level of blinding was examined across three indices: percentage of correct reading identified by the sitters, global score of readings and percentage of difference between correct and incorrect information.

All three indices showed statistical differences of the intended versus the control readings: correct identification 65%; global score: intended readings, mean = 2.4, SD = 1.5; control readings, mean = 1.7, SD = 1.2; percentage difference between correct and incorrect information: intended readings, mean = −7.9%, SD = 38.7%; control readings, mean = −27.3%, SD = 38%.

Our results using a very large sample, confirm previous results, supporting the hypothesis that self-claimant mediums are able to retrieve correct information about deceased people without knowing and interacting with the sitters having access with only to the deceased persons’ first name.
The impact of industrial robots application on air pollution in China: Mechanisms of energy use efficiency and green technological innovation
Authors: Yu Lingzheng , Zeng Chenyu , Wei Xiahai
Published: December 2022

The battle against air pollution in China persists, and haze remains over cities. Whether industrial robots, as the core technology of intelligent manufacturing, can improve city air quality in the process of production has not been determined. Using the International Federation of Robotics data and Chinese city air pollution data (2013–2018), this study finds that industrial robots significantly reduce city air pollution levels (PM2.5, PM10, and SO2), which remains robust after addressing endogeneity. The mechanism of action lies in the synergistic benefits of industrial robots in reducing city air pollution levels by effectively improving energy use efficiency and promoting green technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis suggests that industrial robots, as the incarnation of green technology, can be an effective alternative tool to green policies, such as low-carbon piloting, resource planning, and environmental regulation. This study empirically confirms that industrial robots are environment-friendly technologies that can provide new policy ideas to promote air pollution prevention and control in the industrialization process.
An autoethnography of automated powerlessness: lacking platform affordances in Instagram and TikTok account deletions
Authors: Are Carolina
Published: December 2022

Situated within the field of platform governance studies, this paper shares findings from an ‘autoethnography of automated powerlessness’, drawing from the researcher’s disempowering experience of being a heavily moderated social media user. Using theoretical frameworks blending affordances and World Risk Society theories, this paper contextualises my experiences of moderation of my pole dance instructor, activist and blogger account @bloggeronpole from February to October 2021 within social media’s broader de-platforming of nudity and sexuality, finding fallacies within platforms’ own affordances, which lack mechanisms to aid or rehabilitate de-platformed accounts. With little to no information from platforms about the details of their moderation, qualitative, ethnographic and autoethnographic explorations of their governance are all users currently have to fight and understand their puritan, patriarchal censorship of nudity and sexuality, which are often conflated with risk. This study concludes with recommendations for different options for better, more equal and community focused moderation.
After Kennedy vs. Bremerton School Dist: Managing Religious Diversity in the Public School Workplace
Authors: Roberts Robert
Published: December 2022

The United States Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist. held that a local school district violated the First Amendment freedom of religious expression rights when it directed an assistant football coach to stop praying on the fifty-yard line of a high school football field after each game. In finding for the high-school football coach, the U.S. Supreme Court significantly narrowed the use of the Establishment Clause of the Constitution to limit workplace religious activities of public-school teachers, school administrators, and other school district employes. The article argues that the decision will force school districts across the country to reassess their policies regarding the workplace religious activities of their employes including teachers. The article examines how the decision will impact school districts’ regulation of workplace prayers by public school teachers and several types of symbolic religious speech. Finally, the article argues that school districts may need to update their policies and practices governing the workplace religious activities of their employes including teachers.
Protamine titration to optimize heparin antagonization after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Foubert Ruben , Van Vaerenbergh Geert , Cammu Guy , Buys Sara , De Mey Nathalie , Lecomte Patrick , Bouchez Stefaan , Rex Steffen , Foubert Luc
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To optimize protamine titration for heparin antagonization after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Design

A prospective, observational trial.

Setting

Single-center, non-university teaching hospital.

Participants

Forty patients presenting for elective on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with or without single valve surgery.

Interventions

At the end of CPB, the residual amount of heparin in the patient was estimated using a Bull-curve. The total protamine dose was calculated as 1 unit of protamine for 1 unit of heparin. Protamine was administered as 5 aliquots containing 20% of the total protamine dose each, with 2-min intervals.

Measurements and main results

Activated Clotting Time (ACT) values were measured 2 min after administration of each aliquot. ROTEM(®)-analysis was performed after the full dose of protamine had been administered. After 60% of the total protamine dose had been administered, ACT values were normalized in 86.5% of patients. After the complete dose of protamine had been administered, 61.1% of patients displayed signs of protamine overdose on ROTEM(®)-analysis.

Conclusions

In patients who present for on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with or without single valve surgery, a 0.6-to-1 ratio of protamine-to-heparin to antagonize heparin may be sufficient and beneficial for patients.
Making space for the new state capitalism, part I: Working with a troublesome category
Authors: Whiteside Heather , Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D , Peck Jamie
Published: December 2022

The theme issue ‘Making Space for the New State Capitalism’ brings together insights from critical economic geography and heterodox political economy through a series of papers to be published in three installments, each accompanied by an introductory essay written by the guest editors. In this, the first of these introductory commentaries, we highlight some of the potentially productive ambiguities that accompany the new state capitalism rubric. Subsequent introductory commentaries will consider the consequences of embracing relationality, spatiotemporality and uneven development (along with the second group of papers); and the challenges and opportunities of thinking conjuncturally (with the third group of papers).
Social Disparities in Mental Health Service Use Among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence From a General, Population-Based Survey
Authors: Kamali Mahdis , Edwards Jordan , Anderson Laura N. , Duku Eric , Georgiades Katholiki
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To examine differences in mental health-related service contacts between immigrant, refugee, racial and ethnic minoritized children and youth, and the extent to which social, and economic characteristics account for group differences.

Methods

The sample for analyses includes 10,441 children and youth aged 4–17 years participating in the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. The primary caregiver completed assessments of their child's mental health symptoms, perceptions of need for professional help, mental health-related service contacts, experiences of discrimination and sociodemographic and economic characteristics.

Results

Adjusting for mental health symptoms and perceptions of need for professional help, children and youth from immigrant, refugee and racial and ethnic minoritized backgrounds were less likely to have mental health-related service contacts (adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.54 to 0.79), compared to their non-immigrant peers and those who identified as White. Group differences generally remained the same or widened after adjusting for social and economic characteristics. Large differences in levels of perceived need were evident across non-migrant and migrant children and youth.

Conclusion

Lower estimates of mental health-related service contacts among immigrant, refugee and racial and ethnic minoritized children and youth underscore the importance and urgency of addressing barriers to recognition and treatment of mental ill-health among children and youth from minoritized backgrounds.
Too Close for Comfort? Attitudes of Gynecologic Oncologists Toward Caring for Dying Patients
Authors: Hmaidan Sarah , Goulder Alison , Bos Lia , Shen Megan J. , Wellman JD , Prescott Lauren , Brown Alaina
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To assess gynecologic oncologists’ attitudes relating to palliative care referrals among advanced cancer patients.

Methods

Gynecologic oncologists were surveyed using validated measures to assess stigmatizing attitudes toward palliative care, anticipated stigma of palliative care, acceptance of palliative care, and willingness to refer to palliative care. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Analysis was performed using linear regression.

Results

1200 physicians received the survey and 108 (9%) completed it. Most were female (69.4%) and white (82.4%). Most practiced in academics (64.8%) in urban environments (71.3%). Respondents did not have anticipated stigma surrounding palliative care referral (mean score 1.89, range 1-7, higher score indicating more stigma), were accepting of palliative care (mean score 1.45, range 1-7, higher score indicating less acceptance), and were willing to refer patients to palliative care (mean score 5.75, range 1-7, higher score indicating more willingness to refer). Linear regression demonstrated females had less anticipated stigma surrounding palliative care (B = −.213, P = .04) and higher acceptance of palliative care (B = −.244, P = .01). Most surveyed derived satisfaction from work with advanced cancer patients (83%). Nineteen percent were depressed by managing advanced cancer patients. One fourth felt emotionally burned out by dealing with too many deaths.

Conclusions

Most gynecologic oncologists did not exhibit stigma surrounding palliative care and derive satisfaction from their work. Some gynecologic oncologists experience depression and burnout related to their profession. This close connection with patients as they transition to the end of life may take a toll on providers.
Teaching Readers to Recognize Negative Thoughts and Use Positive Self-Talk
Authors: Dahl-Leonard Katlynn , Hall Colby , Beegle Becky , Capin Philip
Published: December 2022

The contribution of self-regulation to academic achievement is supported by robust research evidence. Incorporating practices to enhance self-regulation during small-group reading instruction is associated with improved outcomes for upper-elementary students with learning disabilities in reading. Two evidence-based self-regulation practices are (a) recognizing negative thoughts and (b) using positive self-talk. However, there are challenges with effectively teaching these self-regulation strategies during reading instruction. In particular, special education or reading intervention teachers may find it difficult to incorporate this kind of self-regulation instruction during reading lessons in a way that does not overburden student working memory or take too much time from explicit, systematic instruction in reading skills. This article defines self-regulation, describes how to support students in recognizing negative thoughts and using positive self-talk, and provides guidance to enable teachers to implement self-regulation strategy instruction in a way that complements reading instruction.
State Government Roles in Water Governance: Time for an Upgrade
Authors: Grigg Neil S.
Published: December 2022

State governments play important parts in water governance, including risk reduction from floods and droughts. A framework for programs should include planning and policy, regulation, and support for local government and basin stakeholders. Analysis of activities in 10 states showed that programs evolved along different trajectories, but federal law and grant funding were determining factors in all. Core regulatory programs for water safety and pollution control are unlikely to change much, but regulation of water allocation will shift in some states. States also play essential roles in financial assistance, although other capacity building programs are unlikely to increase. Planning and policy development are the major areas of needed state activity to help forge holistic solutions to regional water problems. States may find their emerging roles to be unfamiliar territory, and they must study needed institutional change through water framework studies and active dialogues about problems and required responses.
Seagull wings appearance on optical coherence tomography: A case of peripapillary detachment in pathologic myopia
Authors: Giannuzzi Federico , Boselli Francesco , Savastano Maria Cristina , Savastano Alfonso , Kilian Raphael , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To report the case of a patient who presented with a peripapillary retinal detachment caused by pathological myopia.

Observations

A 73-year-old female with a clinical history of high myopia was admitted to our ophthalmic department complaining of vision loss in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. The refractive error was −9.00 D in both eyes. The anterior segment and pupillary reflex were normal. Dilated fundus examination revealed myopic retinopathy in both eyes and a yellow peripapillary lesion, distinct from the myopic conus and encircling almost the whole optic disc, in her right eye. The left eye displayed macular atrophy with macular pigmentation due to a previous myopic choroidal neovascularization. Optical coherence tomography showed a localized retinal detachment in the peripapillary area, adjacent to the inferior edge of the optic disc, giving a strange “seagull wings” appearance.

Conclusions and Importance

In case of peripapillary neuroepithelial detachment the presence of PDPM in high myopic patients should always be excluded. Further research is due in order to better understand this clinical entity's pathogenesis and prognosis.
Functionality of retinal vessels in central serous retinopathy: A comparison between eplerenone and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tombolini Beatrice , Battista Marco , Sacconi Riccardo , Servillo Andrea , Camisa Ludovica , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To investigate retinal vessels functionality in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) undergoing oral eplerenone or photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA) and Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA), respectively.

Methods

Treatment naïve acute CSC patients presenting between May 2017 and June 2017 were recruited. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed in all participants before and after oral eplerenone (eplerenone group) or half-dose PDT (PDT group).

Results

Eighteen eyes of 18 patients affected by acute CSC underwent either oral eplerenone (10 eyes of 10 patients, 47.6 ± 8.9 years old) or half-dose PDT (8 eyes of 8 patients, 57.4 ± 6.2 years old), respectively. After 2 months of treatment, non-significant variations of static retinal vessels analysis, dynamic arterial and venous dilatation were reported in eplerenone group. Similarly, in PDT group non-significant variations of static retinal vessels analysis, dynamic arterial and venous dilatation were found after 2 months of treatment.

Conclusions

Static and dynamic retinal functionalities in acute CSC may not be significantly improved by oral eplerenone and half-dose PDT. Although their choroidal effects, these treatments could not exert a significant effect on retinal vessels motility. Thus, both local and systemic therapies might not help avoiding the onset of vascular and other retinal known alterations of CSC.
Insurrections of indigenous knowledges: Debating ‘critical’ in indigenous psychologies
Authors: Bansal Parul
Published: December 2022

Indigenous Psychologies is an approach/movement premised on cultural constitution of psychological functioning. Its most significant concept is ‘culture’ as it aims to be rooted in the culturally relevant and derived categories and theories of the participants whom it intends to study. However, the concept of ‘culture’ in Indigenous Psychologies is replete with several problematic assumptions that limit its potential to recover local knowledges and move beyond Western taxonomies. The paper takes a critical psychological lens to focus on these assumptions and critique them. It also attempts to draw the contours of Critical Indigenous Psychologies as a dispersed, disjointed field by addressing points of productive tension and predicaments that animate it. It suggests that indigenizing the ‘critical’ discourse and developing a ‘critique’ of indigenous discourse is the unending dialogue that Critical Indigenous Psychologies have to engage with.
Doing Bodies in YouTube Videos about Contested Illnesses
Authors: Groenevelt Irene , Haan Sanneke de , Slatman Jenny
Published: December 2022

This article is based on an online ethnographic study of Dutch women who use YouTube as a medium to document their contested illness experiences. During 13 months of observations between 2017 and 2019, we followed a sample of 16 YouTubers, and conducted an in-depth analysis of 30 YouTube videos and of 7 interviews. By adopting a ‘praxiographic’ approach to social media, and by utilising insights from phenomenological theory, this study teases out how bodies are ‘done’ in (the making of) these YouTube videos. We describe three types of bodies: (1) inert bodies, (2) experienced bodies, and (3) authentic bodies. Ultimately, this study shows how vlogging about contested illness is a practice in which bodies are continually (re)configured, and through which the ‘invisibility’ of a sufferer’s condition can obtain social visibility.
‘Alcohol Helps to Stimulate and Violate the Air’: Drinking Games and Transgressive Drinking Practices among Nigerian Youth
Authors: Dumbili Emeka W
Published: December 2022

In traditional Nigeria, moderate drinking was normative among adult men who occupied drinking spaces. Heavy drinking and intoxication were transgressive behaviours that attracted sanctions. Alcohol consumption among youth was taboo in most communities. Nowadays, young people drink, and many construct identities with heavy drinking and intoxication. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with students and nonstudents in Benin City, I explore how young people’s participation in drinking games (DGs) facilitates heavy drinking, intoxication, and transgression of the local consumption norms. ‘Mere arguments’, betting, and assertions of masculinity initiate DGs, while fun, economic gain, and the construction of social identities motivate gameplaying. Aside from other DG categories, participants played a localized version of Truth-or-Dare, where losers are mandated to undress in public- or drink-specified quantities of alcohol. DGs were mostly played at bars and parties, which encouraged heavy drinking and drunkenness. DGs generate fun for players and partygoers; thus, party hosts often include gameplaying in party programmes. Winning a DG attracts titles like ‘boss’, ‘champion’, or ‘guru’ and a reputation among men. Therefore, they played DGs to reproduce/authenticate their masculinity and achieve such titles and prestige, while women mostly played DGs to win money, phones, and bags. Many participants’ gameplaying resulted in heavy drinking, intoxication, and loss of control that subverted the local consumption culture, which prohibits heavy drinking and promotes moderation. The findings demonstrate how transgressive behaviours can be enjoyable to transgressors and also function as resistance to social norms/structures that encourage dominance/inequalities.
Learning to like TikTok . . . and not: Algorithm awareness as process
Authors: Siles Ignacio , Valerio-Alfaro Luciana , Meléndez-Moran Ariana
Published: December 2022

This article analyzes algorithm awareness as a process—a series of activities intended to reach a goal over time. It examines how a group of Costa Ricans understood, felt about, and related to TikTok and its algorithms as they began using the app for the first time. Data come from diary entries completed by 43 participants about their use of TikTok over a month and seven focus groups with these diarists. The article discusses five activities through which users expressed developing forms of awareness of TikToks’ algorithms and enacted various rhythms in the experience of the app: managing expectations about what TikTok is and how it works; “training” the app; experiencing a sense of algorithmic personalization; dealing with oscillations in the pertinence of recommendations; and showing various forms of rejection of TikTok. The article then considers some implications of bringing time to the fore in the study of algorithm awareness.
Responsibilisation of participants in sharing economy platforms: The case of Airbnb and the hotelisation of hosting practice
Authors: Kaniadakis Antonios , Farmaki Anna
Published: December 2022

Processes of responsibilisation aim to configure individuals into the governance models of digital platforms and realise versions of the sharing economy pursued by powerful platform owners. Questions are raised, however, as to whether this is an empowering process or one that puts participants at risk. Based on a qualitative study of Airbnb hosts in Europe, we explore their understanding of their own responsibilities as emerging hospitality practitioners. Our analysis shows that hosts actively engage in professional identity work and map a practice architecture which includes a set of responsibilities. We suggest, however, that this is not by itself a sign of empowered individuals rather a reaction to the perceived shift of Airbnb’s strategy towards hotelisation of hosting practice. We contribute to an understanding of responsibilisation as a critical and reactionary process.
Communication with families: Understanding the perspectives of early childhood teachers
Authors: Avari Pearl , Hamel Erin , Schachter Rachel E , Hatton-Bowers Holly
Published: December 2022

Communication between teachers and families in early childhood is a key aspect of successful teacher-family engagement. The goal of this exploratory study was to investigate how teachers communicated with families in early childhood classrooms and what they communicated about. This study of 31 teachers working with children birth to age five, primarily in the Midwestern U.S. examined how they described communication with families using semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated that teachers used multiple formats to communicate with families about children’s daily routines, developmental progress, and other relevant information. Teachers preferred in-person communication although challenges occurred due to classroom dynamics and the global COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Technology such as apps and messaging emerged as an efficient way to reach most families, however difficulties facilitating reciprocal communication with families were described. Further research is needed to identify successful communication strategies for both teachers and families, thus building higher quality teacher-family partnerships.
‘It causes a lot of problems’: Relational ambiguities and dynamics between prisoners and staff in a women's prison
Authors: Crewe Ben , Schliehe Anna , Przybylska Daria Aleksandra
Published: December 2022

Staff–prisoner relationships have long been recognised as lying ‘at the heart of the whole prison system’ (Home Office, 1984: para. 16; Liebling, 2011). However, relatively few accounts of women's imprisonment have focussed on staff–prisoner relationships specifically, whether describing their terms and dynamics or relating their characteristics to broader ideas of power, trust or legitimacy. In this article, based on semi-ethnographic fieldwork in a women's prison in England, we seek to do something of both, analysing the emotional and relational complexity of staff–prisoner relationships in the context of women's life histories, and the ways that they intersect with flows of penal power and powerlessness. The article illuminates the complexity and emotional intensity of these relationships, first, by outlining their core features, as described by female prisoners – blurred boundaries, infantilisation, pettiness, inconsistency and favouritism – and then by seeking to explain the complex entanglements of power and dependence that result. These explanations include the relative powerlessness and vulnerability of women in prison, their biographical experiences of abuse and trauma, and a tendency for uniformed staff to be somewhat careless in their use of power, while seeking to build close and supportive relationships with prisoners and engaging in forms of benign paternalism. The article concludes that women's prisons represent a challenge to models of penal order, authority and legitimacy precisely because of the relational nature of the flow of power that tends to characterise them.