bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cubic Trigonometric B-spline Method for Solving a Linear System of Second Order Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Heilat Ahmed Salem
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces a novel trigonometric B-spline collocation method for solving a specific class of second-order boundary value problems. The study showcases the method’s practicality and effectiveness through various numerical examples. Furthermore, it evaluates the technique’s performance by calculating maximum errors for different step sizes in the spatial domain. The paper also conducts a comparative analysis with alternative methods, demonstrating the superior accuracy of the trigonometric B-spline approach.
Review of Exploring the Future of Prosthetics Using Osseointegration Technology
Authors: Abbas Saif M. , Takhakh Ayad M. , Chiad Jumaa S.
Published: October 2023

Additionally, it has been demonstrated that osseointegrated implantation offers superior proprioception and control over the prosthesis, enabling more natural movement and improved functional results. Additionally, it lowers the chance of falling and increases energy transfer efficiency, making it simpler for amputees to engage in physical activity. Furthermore, as compared to conventional socket prosthesis attachment, osseointegrated implantation has been linked to higher patient satisfaction and quality of life.

It is crucial to remember that osseointegration is a surgical operation with risks including infection and implant failure. Additionally, for effective implantation, it needs a specific amount and quality of bone, which may restrict its usage in some individuals. Furthermore, osseointegrated implantation could be more expensive than conventional socket prosthetics.

Understanding the efficacy and safety of this method requires research on complication rates and outcome metrics in patients having osseointegrated prosthesis implantation. You may acquire information on things like infection rates, implant failure, patient satisfaction, and functional results by studying original research papers. Clinical decision-making can then be improved with the use of this information.

In transfemoral amputees, osseointegration has showed promise as a powerful substitute for socket prostheses. A growing corpus of research has shown that osseointegrated implantation provides advantages in terms of increasing mobility, decreasing discomfort, and improving general quality of life. The efficiency of osseointegration for transtibial and upper extremity implants has received little attention.

Minor soft tissue infections are the most frequent consequences, although they are manageable with the right treatment and monitoring. To further reduce the risk of problems and improve the overall success of osseointegrated implantation, research and development are ongoingly focused on enhancing surgical methods and implant design.

Although osseointegration has a lot of potential, not all amputees may be good candidates for it. Considerations for osseointegrated implantation must take into consideration elements including the degree and nature of the amputation, the quality and density of the bone, and the desires of the patient.
Tolerance of several construction materials and polycrystalline SiC to blistering and flecking due to ion implantation and annealing
Authors: Pilko (jr.) V. V. , Komarov F. F. , Pilko V. V.
Published: October 2023

The results on the tolerance of several construction materials (D16T alloy, Zr, ЭИ-847, 12Х18Н9Т steels) and polycrystаlline SiC to blistering and flecking after irradiation with 500 keV He+ ions and following annealing have been high-lighted. Samples of stainless steels, zirconium, D16T alloy and silicon carbide were irradiated with helium ions in the range from 1016 to 3 · 1018 ion/cm2. Immediately after irradiation and annealing under temperatures from 300 to 750 °C, the optical microscopy was used to study the structure of surface layers. Temperature and fluence ranges of tolerance to blistering and flecking were determined for all examined materials. Primary types of material structure distortions were reviewed.
Artistic embodiment of national cultural codes in the Belarusian epic
Authors: Duktava L. G.
Published: October 2023

An artistic picture of the world in a literary work contains a system of artistic images, motifs, reflecting various aspects of cultural universals and having cultural meanings marked with the help of cultural codes. Codes of different cultures can be combined in works of art, but national cultural codes are aimed at showing the specifics of mental attitudes, features of the worldview, and behavior patterns of representatives of a certain culture. Investigating the specifics of the national picture of the world, researchers turn to the peculiarities of the representation of cultural meanings within the framework of dyads: “good – bad”, “life – death”, “male – female”, “real – ideal”, “West – East”, “own – someone else’s”, “harmony – disharmony” and others. The article examines changes and constants in the definition of cultural meanings highlighted with the help of the dyads “possible – impossible”, “now – then” using the example of Belarusian epic works of the first decades of the 20th century and the turn of the 20th and 20th centuries. It is concluded that national cultural codes act as carriers of deep historical and cultural meanings, through which the social, economic, geopolitical, cultural features of representatives of a certain nation or even the population of the state as a whole are manifested.
Infinence of Nitrogen and P₂O5 on the Yield of Ginger
Authors:   Agricultuural Research Station, Ambalavayal, K.M THOMAS
Published: October 2023

The results of trials conducted over a period of four years on ginger (Zingiber officinale) at the Agricultural. Research Station, Ambalavayal aro reported in this paper. It has been suggestod that for raising an economic crop of ginger on virgin soils in Wynad, application of N and P. O, is not necessary provided the crop is supplied with ton tons of organic manure and 15,000 lb of groen lení mulch por acro.
Psychological distance in language learning: a case study in higher education
Authors: Zumam Wildona , Amiruddin Mohammad
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological distance between students and teachers in higher education. This is a qualitative case study. This study includes students from Madura University's English Department. The purposive sampling approach is used to choose a sample. To collect data, major sources of information include observation and interviews, with documents acting as secondary sources. The study's findings show that the psychological distance between Students and lecturers improve students' learning processes and provide input for learning. These tactics are used by teachers to maintain a psychological distance from their students. According to 13 (36.1%) of the students, encouraging youngsters to voice their thoughts, statements, and points of view is one approach for keeping their distance. Motivating students increases the psychological barrier between teachers and students. 14 (41.7%) of students agree, whereas 8 (22.2%) believe professors also say hallo or greet students. It suggests that instructors and members of academic society give students with an appropriate linguistic environment in order to provide optimum classroom settings for students to obtain relevant information as well as social interaction in order to improve students' comprehension of their society. Members of academic societies are urged to be responsive in order to provide useful feedback to students and to interact in a natural way on a regular basis.
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A STEEL-CONCRETE RAILWAY BRIDGES OF LANGER TYPE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A MOVING LOAD
Authors: Szaniec Waldemar , Radoń Urszula , Bekő Adrián
Published: October 2023

The studying the dynamic response of steel-concrete railway bridges of Langer type is huge importance of ensuring the safety of such structures under high-speed train loads. Numerical simulations at the design stage require knowledge of the modal characteristics: natural frequencies, shapes and damping. In addition, in the dynamics of railway bridges subjected to high-speed trains, it is important to check the impact of dynamic effects on the ultimate and serviceability limit states. As part of the investigations displacements and accelerations of selected measurement points arising from driving the test rolling stock are analyzed. In the first stage, calculations of the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors were carried out in the Robot program for two variants of mass description (distributed and discrete). In the second stage, dynamic train passages for various vehicle speeds were examined in terms of displacements and accelerations of measurement points by using the authors’ program MES3D.
Analisis Tingkat Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Guru SMP Negeri 21 Ambon
Authors: Asrul Asrul , Lasaiba Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2023

Seorang guru dapat dikatakan profesional bukan hanya dapat menguasai materi dan konsep saja, melainkan harus menguasai bagaimana cara mengajarkan dan strategi pembelajaran dapat tersampaikan ke peserta didik dengan baik. Dua hal tersebut antara materi (content) dan cara mengajarkan (pedagogi) yang saling berkesinambungan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Pentingnya kesinambungan antara materi dan pedagogic maka muncul sebuah pemahaman baru yang memadukan antara sebuah pengetahuan materi dan bagaiman cara menyampaikan kepada peserta didik, yaitu Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). Komponen dasar PCK yaitu Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK).Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian deskriptif. Analisis kuantitatif melalui kategorisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif sebagai proses pengambilan dan pengolahan data. Penelitian kuantitatif adalah penelitian yang banyak menggunakan angka, mulai dari pengumpulan data, penafsiran data hingga penyajian hasil. Berdasarkan perhitungan mengenai tingkat PCK di SMP Negeri 21 Ambon melalui Tes PCK guru terdiri dari 52 butir soal open ended diketahui Rerata ideal adalah 26 dan simpangan baku ideal adalah 7,78. Selanjutnya ditemukan bahwa 3 guru berada dalam kategori PCK tinggi, 2 guru berada dalam kategori PCK sedang dan 1 guru berada dalam kategori PCK rendah
Peran Geografi dalam Penataan Ruang Perkotaan
Authors: Sihasale Daniel Antoni , Lasaiba Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan kota yang semakin pesat dan kompleks membawa dampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat, termasuk masalah lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Oleh karena itu, penataan ruang menjadi sangat penting dalam menjaga keberlangsungan perkembangan kota yang berkelanjutan. Geografi memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan pola tata ruang yang optimal, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis permasalahan wilayah perkotaan, serta menawarkan solusi dan rekomendasi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dalam konteks penataan ruang, geografi juga memanfaatkan teknologi SIG (Sistem Informasi Geografis) untuk memetakan dan menganalisis data spasial secara visual, yang dapat membantu dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dan perencanaan pembangunan yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Dalam hal ini, peran geografi sangat penting untuk memahami dan mengidentifikasi masalah tersebut serta menawarkan solusi yang tepat dan berkelanjutan. Dalam kesimpulannya, geografi memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam penataan ruang perkotaan. Dalam menjaga keberlangsungan perkembangan kota yang berkelanjutan, peran geografi dapat membantu dalam menentukan pola tata ruang yang optimal, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis permasalahan wilayah perkotaan, serta menawarkan solusi dan rekomendasi yang tepat dan berkelanjutan.
Pengelolaan Jagung Tepung (Zea Mays Var. Amylacea) Sebagai Makanan Pokok Masyarakat Dusun Romleher Selatan, Desa Wonreli, Kecamatan Pulau - Pulau Terselatan
Authors: Pelmelay Dorce Lerin , Lasaiba Mohammad Amin , Latumahina Fransina S
Published: October 2023

Jagung merupakan bahan pangan yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia, dan merupakan makanan pokok di beberapa daerah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat Deskriptif Kualitatif. Lokasi pada penelitian ini yaitu Dusun Romleher Selatan, Desa Wonreli, Kecamatan Pulau – pulau Terselatan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu diambil sebanyak 20 orang, sedangkan sampel yang diambil adalah sebanyak 10 orang yang dipilih secara random atau acak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Setelah data – data penelitian ini dikumpulkan, maka selanjutnya data – data tersebut akan dianalisis berdasarkan teknik analisis data yang diambil oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, penepungan dengan metode basah (perendaman) menghasilkan rendemen tepung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode kering (tanpa perendaman). Namun, kandungan nutrisi tepung lebih tinggi pada penepungan dengan metode kering. Pengolahan tepung jagung secara mekanis dengan alat penyosoh dan penepung menghasilkan tekstur tepung yang sangat halus.
Improving Project-Based Skills and Science Learning Outcomes of Learners through Project-Based Learning Model in Class VII-D SMP Negeri 1 Bojonegoro
Authors: Wijayanti Cicik , Andari Tri , Baity Nur
Published: October 2023

This research was designed in accordance with Classroom Action Research (CAR). The purpose of this study was to improve the project-based skills and science learning outcomes of students through the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in class VII-D SMP Negeri 1 Bojonegoro in the 2022/2023 academic year, with a total of 32 students. This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. In this study, data collection was carried out using observation techniques and giving tests at the end of the implementation. The focus of observation in this class action research is project-based skills and student learning outcomes.The research instruments used to determine the level of success of learners are project-based skills observation instruments and cognitive or knowledge learning outcomes instruments. The indicators of success in this study are if 80% of students classically have project-based skills at least with the predicate B in each aspect of project-based skills assessment and if 80% of students classically get science learning outcomes above the Criteria for Achievement of Learning Objectives (CALO) which is 70. The results showed that there was an increase in the project-based skills of students classically, from cycle I of 2.43 or 60.75% with the predicate C to 3.4 or 86% with the predicate B in cycle II. There was also an increase in the completeness of students' learning outcomes classically, from cycle I of 78.10%, to 93.75% in cycle II. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the PjBL model can classically improve the project-based skills and science learning outcomes of students in class VII-D SMP Negeri 1 Bojonegoro in the 2022/2023 academic year.
Application of the Ethnoscience-Based Guided Inquiry Learning Model to Improve Science Process Skills in the Material of the Human Excretory System
Authors: Hardianti Astri Nur , Setiawan Beni
Published: October 2023

This study aims to describe the implementation of learning, students' science process skills, and students' responses after participating in learning with an ethnoscience-based guided inquiry learning model on the material of the human excretory system. This research method uses a Quasi Experimental Design with the design "The Only Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design" whose research targets are students in class VIII-D SMPN 16 Surabaya as the experimental class, class VIII-A as the control class, each of which consists of 30 participants. Data obtained by observation, test, and questionnaire methods were then analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that the proportion of learning implementation was 87.94 in the experimental class for 3 meetings, said to be in the practical and effective category. In the experimental class, science process skills increased significantly with the aspect of predicting and concluding the N-Gain value, namely 0.8, which increased with the high criteria, drawing conclusions, namely 0,7, which experienced an increase in the degree of high criteria, and the observing aspect, which was 0,4 with the criteria moderate rise. Students responding to the implementation of the ethnoscience-based guided inquiry learning model to improve science process skills by 86.84% were categorized as very good. Based on the description above, it can be interpreted that the application of the ethnoscience-based guided inquiry learning model can improve students' processing skills in the material of the human excretory system.
Identifikasi Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Proses Perbaikan Kapal Riset Geomarin III dengan Metode HIRADC
Authors: Suwito Meryna , Yuliawati Evi
Published: October 2023

The application of K3 according to standards will help workers feel safe at work and can avoid potential work accidents. Lack of awareness of the application of K3 during work can result in the emergence of hazard risks for workers. The purpose of this study is to determine the types of work activities that are at risk and determine the application of work accident control efforts in the repair process on the GEOMARIN III research ship. The method used is HIRADC (Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control). The identification results from the deck department and machinery department obtained 13 potential hazards with risk analysis where 4 risks included in the low risk category and 9 risks included in the medium risk category. Risk control that can be done to minimize work accidents is to inspect and maintain work equipment regularly and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) according to standards and complete consisting of safety helmets, safety shoes, safety googles, safety gloves, ear plugs and masks. This research provides concrete recommendations on how to identify and mitigate K3 risks in the repair of research vessels, as well as contributes to the development of knowledge on the application of the HIRADC method in the shipping industry.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA TAYANGAN YOUTUBE ILC EPISODE DI BALIK TRAGEDI POLISI TEMBAK POLISI
Authors: Dilla Mody Septia
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan wujud dan strategi kesantunan pada tayangan youtube ILC (Indonesia Lawyers Club) episode Dibalik Tragedi Polisi Tembak Polisi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah (1) wujud kesantunan dan (2) strategi kesantunan pada tayangan youtube ILC episode Dibalik Tragedi Polisi Tembak Polisi. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teori kesantunan berbahasa oleh Brown Levinson. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah ujaran antara moderator dan narasumber dalam video dari kanal youtube ILC (Indonesia Lawyers Club). Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, teknik mentranskrip dan mencatat data. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Berdasarkan analisis data ditemukan wujud kesantunan meliputi (1) deklaratif, (2) interogatif (3) imperatif. Ditemukan juga strategi kesantunan yang terdiri dari strategi positif meliputi (1) penggunaan penanda identitas kelompok, (2) menunjukkan keoptimisan, (3) memberikan simpati, (4) mengulang ujaran, (5) menggunakan gurauan, (6) meminta persetujuan. Dan strategi kesantunan negatif meliputi (1) menunjukkan pesimisme, (2) memberikan penghormatan, (3) meminta maaf, (4) memberikan penghargaan.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 21 DUMAI DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MELALUI STRATEGI PEMODELAN
Authors: Romaisa Romaisa
Published: October 2023

This learning practice aims to improve the ability to write descriptive texts for seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 21 Dumai with a Problem Based Learning model through modeling strategies. The subjects of this learning practice are the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 21 Dumai, totaling 20 students. The results of this learning practice indicate that the application of modeling strategies can improve the ability to write descriptive texts in class VII students of SMP Negeri 21 Dumai both in terms of process and product. Process improvement can be seen in student activities in the learning process. This is indicated by the increase in students' attention to learning, enthusiasm, activity, and a more conducive learning atmosphere in the classroom. Improving process quality has a positive impact on improving product quality. This can be seen in the results of the students' descriptive text writing tests which have increased. It can be concluded that the modeling strategy is one of the writing strategies that can improve the ability to write descriptive text.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PUISI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL
Authors: Andari Neni Tri
Published: October 2023

Poetry is a literary work that has specificity, both in terms of language, word choice, and readers. Indonesian language learning in poetry reading material at SMP Negeri 3 Kubu Babussalam One Roof, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau has so far been less favored, because students are less motivated and lack self-confidence when reading poetry. The author seeks to improve these conditions by conducting learning using audio-visual media in learning to read poetry. The problem discussed in this scientific work is how the process of improving poetry reading by using audio-visual media in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Kubu Babussalam One Roof. The aim is to find out the process of improving poetry reading skills using audio-visual media in class VIII of SMP Negeri 3 Kubu Babussalam One Roof, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau.
DÖVİZ KURU VE TİCARET DENGESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KARADEMİR Cihat , YAZGAN Şekip , CEYLAN Reşat
Published: October 2023

Döviz kuru ve ticaret dengesi arasındaki teorik ilişki, Marshall-Lerner Koşulu ve J-eğrisi hipotezi ile açıklanmaktadır. Yerel paranın reel olarak değer kaybetmesi ihracatı daha ucuz, ithalatı ise daha pahalı hale getirmekte ve dolayısıyla ticaret dengesi iyileşmektedir. Marshall-Lerner Koşulu, yerel paranın reel olarak değer kaybetmesinin başarısının ithalat ve ihracat talep esnekliklerinin toplamının birden büyük olup olmadığına bağlı olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Bunun yanında, yerel paranın reel olarak değer kaybetmesinin ticaret dengesi üzerinde hemen bir etki yaratmadığı, aksine ticaret dengesini uzun vadede iyileştirmeden önce kısa vadede kötüleştireceğini ileri sürülmektedir. Devalüasyonun zaman içerisinde ticaret dengesini nasıl etkilediğini yansıtan Marshall-Lerner Koşulunun dinamik görünümünü ifade eden bu durum J-eğrisi hipotezi olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çalışmada, 2010:1-2022:12 döneminde Türkiye’de döviz kuru ve ticaret dengesi arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Kullanılan değişkenler arasında asimetrik ilişkinin bulunması nedeniyle, döviz kuru ve ticaret dengesi arasındaki ilişki Doğrusal Olmayan Gecikmesi Dağılmış Otoregresif Model (NARDL) yaklaşımı ile incelenmektedir. Çalışmada ulaşılan sonuçlar, Türkiye’de inceleme döneminde J-eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan Menggunakan Metode EOQ untuk Optimalisasi Persediaan Bahan Baku Penolong (Studi Kasus: PT. Petrokimia Gresik)
Authors: Sukarno Iwan , Arshal Mohamad Reynaldo Haykal
Published: October 2023

Ketersediaan bahan baku penolong merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam proses produksi pada perusahaan. Ketiadaan bahan baku menyebabkan produk yang dihasilkan tidak memenuhi standar yang diiginkan oleh pasar. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengendalian persediaan terhadap bahan baku penolong tersebut, agar produk yang dihasilkan bermutu baik. PT. Petrokimia Gresik, dalam proses pembuatan pupuk membutuhkan bahan baku penolong yaitu: Bentonite, Brucite, Clay Merah, dan Na/K-CO3. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan terhadap metode pengendalian persediaan min-max yang digunakan oleh perusahaan dengan metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). Data yang digunakan adalah data penggunaan bahan baku penolong di tahun 2021, biaya penyimpanan, biaya pemesanan, Consumption Rate (CR), lead time (LT), safety factor (SF), dan biaya pembelian bahan baku penolong. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah bahwa penggunaan metode EOQ dapat menurunkan frekuensi pemesanan bahan baku penolong serta memberikan penghematan total biaya persediaan hingga 3% dibandingkan menggunakan metode min-max saat ini. Selain itu, dari perhitungan kedua model sama-sama memberikan informasi bahwa bahan baku penolong jenis Brucite perlu mendapat perhatian karena memberikan total biaya persediaan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan baku penolong lainnya.
Novel Indolyl-Benzimidazole Compounds Promote in vitro Wound Healing and Osteogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Cells
Authors: Najafi Sheyda , Barasa Leonard , Frianela Jilian Maxine J. , Alkhamisy Jawaher H. , Yoganathan Sabesan , Perron Jeanette C.
Published: October 2023

Background: Increasing or restoring Bone Morphogenetic Protein- (BMP-) signaling through administration of recombinant BMPs (rBMPs) has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for treating bone fractures or to enhance repair following spinal surgeries. However, direct use of rBMPs has come up against significant obstacles like high cost and incidence of adverse effects. Recently, we reported our findings on the novel indolyl-benzimidazoles, SY-LB-35 and SY-LB-57, that fully activated BMP receptor signaling demonstrating activity profiles that mirrored rBMPs. Here, we explored the potential of these compounds to substitute for rBMPs in processes like wound healing and osteogenesis. Methods: Cell-based assays including cell viability, short- and long-term phosphorylation, protein expression, wound healing and bone differentiation assays were carried out in the pluripotent myoblast C2C12 cell line with select assays performed in multiple cell lines. Several assays included conditions in the presence of a selective inhibitor of type I BMP receptor, Activin-like kinase 2 (ALK2), or inhibitors of BMP-stimulated downstream signaling. All assays were repeated at least 3 times with replicates per condition where indicated. Statistical tests were carried out using Student’s two-tailed, t-test. Results: Sustained activation of non-canonical BMP signaling pathways was observed after 24-hour exposure to SY-LB-35 and SY-LB-57. Moreover, this treatment increased the expression of targets of BMP-mediated transcription such as the Id1 transcription factor. SY-LB-35 and SY-LB-57 promoted substantial increases in cell viability in three distinct cell types and increased the rate of wound closure in scrape-wounded C2C12 cell cultures. Cell viability and wound closure induced by SY-LB compounds required ALK2-, PI3K- and p38-dependent pathways. In contrast, responses to SY-LB compounds were not affected by ERK inhibition. Expression of bone differentiation markers beginning at 4 hours and evidence of calcium deposition detected after 21 days in C2C12 cell cultures exposed to SY-LB-35 and SY-LB-57 demonstrated the osteogenic potential of these compounds. Conclusions: The functional similarities between these novel compounds and rBMPs indicates that SY-LB-35 or SY-LB-57, acting as potent activators of BMP receptor signaling and inducers of osteogenic processes, could potentially replace rBMPs for treating BMP-related pathologies such as bone fracture repair or other wound healing processes.
Extrahepatic Angiogenesis: A Potential Common Pathophysiological Basis of Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Rats with Cholestasis Cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Dandan , Yang Chunyong , Zeng Ziyang , Wu Xianfeng , Liang Hao , Hu Xiaoyan , Sun Yizhu , Li Junhong , Li Jun , Shu Xin , Yang Zhiyong , Wang Xiaobo , Belguise Karine , Li Yujie , Yi Bin
Published: October 2023

Background: In addition to intrahepatic angiogenesis, patients with cholestasis cirrhosis develop extrahepatic vasculature disorders and functional disturbances of multiple organ systems. Without effective intervention, these vascular disorders will eventually turn into multiple organs vascular syndromes, including the brain, lung and other organ systems. However, studies on the pathogenesis of vascular alterations among extrahepatic organ disturbances are still carried out separately, which hampered the successful translation of preclinical studies to the human setting and required further mechanistic insight into these complications. This study aims to investigate the relationship between extrahepatic angiogenesis and multiple organ impairment, and whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members and their receptors are involved in this process. Methods: Pathological changes of the multiple organs were determined by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining in the established common bile duct ligation (CBDL) rats, and angiogenesis was estimated by microvessel density (MVD). Levels of the VEGF family members and their receptors in the serum and organ tissues were also measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The MVD and VEGF family members and their receptors were significantly increased in CBDL rats with multiple organ injury, especially in the liver, lung and cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, we noticed moderate elevation of soluble receptor of the vascular endothelial growth factor-1 (sFlt-1) in the liver, lung, and cerebral cortex, whereas the levels of placental growth factor (PLGF) increased significantly. Conclusions: Extrahepatic angiogenesis may represent a common pathophysiological basis for multiple organ dysfunction and the sFlt-1/PLGF ratio could offer an avenue for further studies to target extrahepatic angiogenesis in cholestatic cirrhosis.
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Cognitive Tests in Young-onset MCI
Authors: Carbone Chiara , Balboni Erica , Beltrami Daniela , Gasparini Federico , Vinceti Giulia , Gallingani Chiara , Salvatori Davide , Salemme Simone , Molinari Maria Angela , Tondelli Manuela , Marti Alessandro , Chiari Annalisa , Zamboni Giovanna
Published: October 2023

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous condition characterised by cognitive changes that do not affect everyday functioning and may represent a predementia phase. Research on the neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive tests used to diagnose MCI is heterogeneous and has mainly focused on elderly populations of patients with MCI, usually well above the age of 65. However, the effect of ageing on brain structure is known to be substantial and to affect brain-behaviour associations in older people. We explored the brain correlates of different cognitive tests in a group of young-onset MCI (i.e., with symptoms onset before the age of 65) to minimise the effect of ageing on brain-behaviour associations. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of young-onset MCI underwent extensive cognitive assessment and multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) including high-resolution T1-weighted and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequences. Their scores on cognitive tests were related to measures of grey matter (GM) density and white matter (WM) integrity using, respectively, Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Results: 104 young-onset MCI were recruited. VBM and TBSS whole-brain correlational analyses showed that between-subject variability in cognitive performance was significantly associated with regional variability in GM density and WM integrity. While associations between cognitive scores and focal GM density in our young-onset MCI group reflected the well-known lateralization of verbal and visuo-spatial abilities on the left and right hemispheres respectively, the associations between cognitive scores and WM microstructural integrity were widespread and diffusely involved most of the WM tracts in both hemispheres. Conclusions: We investigated the structural neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive tests in young-onset MCI in order to minimise the effect of ageing on brain-behaviour associations.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IT IN THE RISKS CONTEXT THEY POSE
Authors: Rudenko Yuliia
Published: October 2023

This article explores the historical development of information technology (IT) in the context of possible negative consequences. It highlights the positive impact of IT on societal development, but at the same time, it underscores the problems associated with the emergence of negative influences, such as information warfare, hybrid warfare, and cyber threats. Emphasis is placed on the idea that operational readiness in countering these challenges can only be achieved through an understanding of the era's development driven by IT technologies, the nature of their dissemination, and the specifics of their application. The necessity of forming an understanding of the comprehensive impact of IT development on public safety is justified. The article acknowledges the early scholars who attempted to analyze the genesis of IT development and its historical and social implications, including E. Toffler, B. Castells, and D. Bell. It focuses on the thoughts of E. Messner regarding the possibilities of conducting information warfare through various information-psychological techniques and means, emphasizing the importance of understanding the development of the era. The research delves into the phenomenon of information warfare, which encompasses various forms of information warfare within the realm of the Internet. The threats posed by information wars are identified. The article describes the genesis of the concept of "information warfare" and establishes the dominant role of the information component, which influences worldviews, values, and societal consciousness through various information-psychological techniques and means, posing a real threat to nations, individuals, and humanity.

The main elements of information warfare are delineated, including control over the global information space, influence on public opinion, shaping of the societal worldview, disinformation, manipulation, propaganda, and cyberattacks aimed at exposing confidential information and destabilizing critical infrastructures. The article also examines the danger of "hybrid wars," characterized by unconventional methods of warfare (such as terrorist acts, hacker attacks, and manipulation of public opinion) and a powerful information and propaganda component. It is established that research within the context of the defined problem, concentrating on understanding the historical and philosophical understanding of the issue and its consequences, enables predictions of future events with a high degree of probability, effective response to negative influences, and professional management of the process. The article identifies prospective research directions, including the analysis of psychological, social, and pedagogical aspects of IT development for the establishment of a secure existence in the information space for both states and individuals.
Harmonising Automatic Compensation Scheme with the Malaysian Legal System
Authors: Althabhawi Nabeel , Manap Nazura Abdul , Rahman Rizal , Said Muhamad Helmi Md. , Kadhim Ammar Abbas
Published: October 2023

 Service quality in the Malaysian telecom sector has been a major concern for consumers, who continue to inundate the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) with complaints about service providers. A suggested solution to this problem is the adoption of an automatic compensation scheme (ACS) in the Malaysian communications sector. Under the ACS, service providers will be required to compensate consumers, who receive poor service quality, without the requirement of a formal claim. This scheme already exists in other jurisdictions, particularly the UK, where it has been used since 2019. Nevertheless, the adoption of the ACS in Malaysia would likely contend with a number of obstacles. This article provides a pathway for Malaysia to overcome the legal obstacles that would likely undermine the adoption of the ACS in the country. The article combines a qualitative, library-based doctrinal research approach exploring laws and regulations applicable to the ACS, with a quantitative approach involving the use of questionnaire directed at telecom service providers. The aim of the questionnaire was to elicit feedback from the telecom sector with a view to devising an appropriate framework. The article concludes with recommendations to harmonise the ACS with the Malaysian legal system, including the objectives to be served, when to apply the scheme, methods of implementing it, as well as issues of force majeure.  
systematic review of primary school class teachers views of mathematics teaching and learning
Authors: Kim Eunji , Mallat Eetu , Joutsenlahti Jorma
Published: October 2023

The current study aimed (1) to analyse teachers’ view profiles from positive to negative based on the analysis of influencing factors and (2) to investigate the most studied concepts and methods in this context. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive review of 25 peer-reviewed articles published between January 2010 and December 2022. Our findings show a landscape in which concepts related to mathematics teaching and learning often intersect with other domains. Nevertheless, a distinction exists in the definition of the fundamental concept, with limited attention given to mathematics learning and the role of students in contrast to the focus on mathematics teaching and the role of teachers. Our research highlights the necessity of thorough exploration of the dynamic factors that influence these views and their associated outcomes, categorised as (A) mutual consistency, (B) weak consistency, and (C) inconsistency, each providing distinct implications for support needs. Additionally, from an ontological perspective on affect, many studies overlook the notion of 'view' as a state or trait characteristic, potentially leading to inappropriate method selection. Therefore, we propose recommendations for future research, advocating for methodological precision, expanded object exploration, dynamic profiling, and the inclusion of diverse teacher categories.
Breaking free from linear assumptions: Unravelling the relationship between affective polarization and democratic support
Authors: Janssen Lisa , Turkenburg Emma
Published: October 2023

Scholars increasingly raise concerns about the alleged detrimental impact of affective polarization on citizens’ democratic attitudes. However, empirical evidence on this relationship is mixed: While some report affective polarization eroding democratic support, others document null-findings. We posit that these mixed results can be explained by a negatively curvilinear rather than linear relationship. Though extreme levels of affective polarization may harm citizens’ democratic commitments, a reasonable amount of affective polarization can strengthen democratic support by heightening the political stakes and stimulating democratic involvement. Employing GAMs on CNEP-data from Germany, the UK, and the USA, we show support for this negatively curvilinear pattern. These findings have important implications for the recommended estimation strategies of future studies examining the consequences of affective polarization.
Animal Welfare and Ethical Considerations in Precision Livestock Farming (PLF)
Authors: Egon Kaledio , KARL LETHO , EUGENE RUSSELL
Published: October 2023

Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a transformative approach to animal agriculture that holds the potential to revolutionize the treatment of animals and address long-standing ethical concerns. Traditional livestock farming has often been associated with issues related to animal welfare, including overcrowded conditions, the use of antibiotics and growth hormones, and environmental harm. PLF, with its innovative technologies, offers solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the ethical considerations related to animal welfare in both traditional and PLF systems, focusing on the Five Freedoms framework and the promotion of positive welfare. It discusses the ethical dilemma of balancing productivity with animal welfare in PLF.PLF introduces a range of applications, including continuous health monitoring, behavioral tracking, environmental control, precision feeding, and stress reduction during handling, which collectively contribute to reducing animal suffering and improving overall well-being. The advantages of PLF in enhancing animal welfare include reduced suffering, improved well-being, ethical transparency, and economic viability.Challenges and considerations in adopting PLF for ethical animal treatment are presented, such as the initial investment required, data privacy and ownership, consumer education, and regulatory frameworks. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure the responsible and ethical use of PLF in the livestock industry.The paper also explores the future directions of PLF, including the potential for industry-wide ethical standards, global adoption, technological advancements, and cross-sector collaboration. The development of standardized ethical guidelines and regulations, driven by an increased focus on food security and sustainability, will play a pivotal role in ensuring the ethical treatment of animals in the PLF era. Collaboration among stakeholders, including farmers, researchers, animal welfare organizations, and consumers, will be key in advancing ethical considerations in the rapidly evolving field of Precision Livestock Farming.1.1 Animal Welfare and Ethical Concerns:Traditional livestock farming has long been a source of ethical concerns related to animal welfare. In these conventional systems, animals are often subjected to crowded and stressful living conditions, limited access to outdoor areas, and routine use of antibiotics and growth hormones. These practices raise significant ethical questions about the treatment of animals in the pursuit of maximizing meat, milk, or egg production. Several specific concerns within traditional livestock farming include:Crowded and Confined Spaces: Animals are often raised in cramped and confined spaces, leading to discomfort and stress. This not only affects the animals' physical health but also their psychological well-being.
Enhancing Management Efficiency in Natural Parks Globally through Big Data Technologies
Authors: Sharma Arvind
Published: October 2023

The adoption of big data technologies offers significant potential for enhancing the management efficiency of natural parks worldwide, a critical component in the establishment and upkeep of international conservation systems. Innovating management techniques and improving efficiency have become urgent tasks for global natural park authorities. This study examines the present landscape of natural park management and highlights primary challenges faced when incorporating big data. Using human activity data as a model, the paper discusses the processes of data collection, analysis, treatment, and deployment, arguing that leveraging big data technologies to scientifically regulate human activities is essential for boosting natural park management efficiency. In addressing challenges related to the use of human activity data for enhancing management efficacy, recommendations are provided, focusing on refining overarching strategies, creating monitoring systems, broadening talent acquisition, utilizing big data to resolve management challenges, and emphasizing data governance.
A Comprehensive Review of Performance Testing Methodologies and Best Practices: Software Quality Engineering
Authors: Pargaonkar Shravan
Published: October 2023

A Comprehensive Review of Performance Testing Methodologies and Best Practices: Software Quality Engineering
Polusi Udara dari Sarimukti
Authors: Cahyana Gede H
Published: October 2023

Setelah lomgsor, kini TPA Sarimukti terbakar. Ada tiga jenis pencemar udara yang berkaitan dengan TPA Sarimukti. Yang pertama adalah pencemar rutin. TPA yang menampung sampah dari empat kabupaten dan kota di cekungan Bandung ini setiap detik melepaskan pencemar udara. Jutaan ton pencemar udara seperti karbondioksida, metana, belerang dan nitrogen oksida dilepaskan ke udara Bandung setiap tahun. TPA sampah adalah “pabrik” gas rumah kaca yang mampu mengalahkan gas rumah kaca yang dilepaskan penduduk Jakarta.
Advancements in Security Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Methodologies and Emerging Trends in Software Quality Engineering
Authors: Pargaonkar Shravan
Published: October 2023

Advancements in Security Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Methodologies and Emerging Trends in Software Quality Engineering
Using artificial neural networks to relate external sensory features to internal decisional evidence
Authors: Green Marshall L. , Hu Mingjia , Denison Rachel N. , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: October 2023

All theories of perceptual decision-making postulate that external sensory information is transformed into the internal evidence that is used to guide behavior. However, the nature of this external-to-internal transformation is generally unknown. In two experiments, we examined how a particular stimulus feature–orientation–is transformed into internal evidence. Subjects judged whether Gabors were tilted clockwise or counterclockwise. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that increasing the stimulus tilt in fine-scale increments resulted in a linear increase in sensitivity (d’), suggesting a linear external-to-internal transformation. However, the results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that increasing the stimulus tilt in coarse-scale increments had little effect on sensitivity, suggesting a highly non-linear transformation. These results suggest that external sensory information is transformed into internal decisional evidence in complex ways. Critically, artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained on the orientation task and validated against the empirical results provided a framework for examining how sensory stimuli map onto internal evidence. The hidden-layer activations of the ANNs revealed that fine-scale increments in tilt magnitude results in increasingly greater discriminability between the stimulus categories, but the degree of discriminability does not increase further after the magnitude of stimulus tilt becomes sufficiently large. Taken together, these results begin to reveal how external sensory information is transformed into the internal evidence that is used to make decisions and suggest that ANNs could serve as a platform for understanding the mechanism underlying this critical transformation.
On the possibility of heavy duty conceptual engineering
Authors: Koch Steffen , Ohlhorst Jakob
Published: October 2023

Conceptual engineering is the process of assessing and improving our conceptual repertoire. Some authors have claimed that introducing or revising concepts through conceptual engineering can go as far as expanding the realm of thinkable thoughts and thus enable us to form beliefs, hypotheses, wishes, or desires that we are currently unable to form. We call this kind of conceptual engineering heavy-duty conceptual engineering. As exciting as the idea of heavy-duty conceptual engineering sounds, it has never been developed or defended. In this paper, we pursue a two-fold goal. First, to offer a theory of heavy-duty conceptual engineering that distinguishes it from other kinds of conceptual engineering; second, to show that heavy-duty conceptual engineering is possible, both in theory and in practice, and to explain how it can be pursued. The central idea is that conceptual engineering can enhance the semantic expressive power of a conceptual system by the use of bootstrapping processes.