bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tilt Brush. The New Perspective of Art
Authors:   National Academy of Art, Sofia, Bulgaria, Blazheva Sandra
Published: September 2021

Interpenetration of ideas, culture, economics, raw materials and etc. are causing globalization in our society. This trend is also assisted by the growing technological innovations. Society is increasingly turning to digital tools to provide fast communications, access to information and goods through the global network, especially needed during the pandemic. In terms of art, these factors contribute to shifting the range from classical means of expression to contemporary art forms focused on digital media. Historically, the discovery of photography in the 19th century radically changed art. Painting frees itself from the function of reflecting objective reality and seeks new means of expression and meaning. In the early 20th century, new trends in the avant-garde art seek to depict intangible things away from visible reality such as the inner world of the artist, emotions, symbols, music, time and more. One of the brightest trends - Cubism is a typical example. It seeks a way to show objects rationally from several sides simultaneously - three-dimensional, but unfortunately it is limited by the means of expression - the two-dimensional surface of the canvas. Digital technologies today have a solution to this problem. They provide digital tools that completely change painting. The canvas no longer exists in the familiar way in which the artist works. It is becoming history. With the invention of VR glasses, the boundaries of visible reality and imagination in art have been removed to enter a new virtual world. Tilt Brush technology goes one step further, giving the opportunity to the artist to create 3D images with a brush in hand while moving in the virtual world he creates. Canvas doesn’t exist, it is a virtual digital world three-dimensional arising from the imagination of the artist and existing only through the eyes of the pink VR glasses. Here comes the question, will technology displace the artist's hand? Keywords: Digital Art, Art, Virtual Reality (VR), Tilt Brush, Technological Innovations, Net Art, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), Artificial Intelligence
Scope of Aesthetics in the Game Model of Artworks, which Contained Function of Augmented Reality
Authors:   “Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Kosev Svetoslav
Published: September 2021

As I have repeatedly emphasized, processes in the field of technology and their application for the purposes of the visual arts have always played a major role in the development of my creative vision. An essential role in this direction has my acquaintance with Atanas Markov, with whom we complement each other in many respects and this has a beneficial effect on our teamwork. We have already shared in a previous edition of the conference "Cultural and Historical Heritage" about the work on the projects "Interactive Generative Formations", "Virtual Arena" and "Interaction with a technological organism". We are currently developing an extension of the last of the listed installations. This upgrade consists of the creation of a series of two-dimensional works in which an element of augmented reality must be included. This is essentially not something that has not already been done, but it is a very good element that would contribute the communication with the "Technological organism". The relation is also implemented at the level of interaction, and we rely on the game moment again. Through this act, we involve the observer, as an active participant in the artwork. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Interactive Art, Game, Game Model, Artwork
Festival Practices in a Virtual Environment. Benefits, Problems, Sustainability
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria, Nikolov Kaloyan
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the newly emerged practices in organizing festival events with folklore in a virtual environment. Is it possible to introduce information technologies in organizational techniques when conducting them both in a virtual environment and in a hybrid format. Technological solutions for digital fingerprint accumulation. Significance of e-festivals with folklore orientation for communities in safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage. Keywords: e-Festivals, Intangible Cultural Heritage
Research Progress of the Clinical Application of Small Cell Lung Cancer Related Tumor Markers and Biochemical Indicators
Authors: Wang Lei , Qin Jianwen
Published: September 2021

With continual advances in medicine, more studies on early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and prognosis of lung cancer have emerged in recent years, particularly in regard to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is a pathological type of lung cancer with the highest grade. In the era of medical treatment scarcity, early diagnosis of SCLC, evaluation of treatment effect, recurrence factors, and prognosis are important to treat patients with SCLC, prolong their survival, and improve their life quality. The research on the changes of serum tumor markers and biochemical indicators in the early diagnosis and treatment of SCLC has gradually become a hot topic. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of serum tumor markers and biochemical indicators of SCLC.
Family planning services and programmes in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Chichakli L. O. , Atrash H. K. , Musani A. S. , Johnson J. T. , Mahaini R. , Arnaoute S.
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the findings of a 1999 survey of 19 countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region on the family planning services and programmes in the Region. Data were collected using a questionnaire which explored the following areas: the presence of population or family planning policies and family planning activities, the family planning services available, promotional and educational activities on family planning, quality assurance, family planning data collection, analysis and dissemination, and the use of such information. The results indicate that 13 of the countries have national policies on population and family planning but even in those that do not, family planning services are widely available. The scope of the services provided varied. There is still a need to implement or strengthen family planning programmes in the Region, a need which is recognized by the countries themselves
Vaccines: World Health Organization versus Federal Drug Administration recommended formula
Authors: Khalil M. K. , Al Mazrou Y. Y. , Al Ghamdi Y. S.
Published: September 2021

Vaccines produced in accordance with WHO formulas, differ in concentration from those used in United States according to FDA formulas. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. Infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. The vaccines consisted of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. Antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP], tetanus, diphtheria and poliovirus were measured 1 month after the third dose of vaccines. Although diphtheria and tetanus antigens in the FDA formula are half the concentration of the WHO formula, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies were significantly higher. No difference was found between groups regarding oral poliovirus vaccine
Recent trends in teaching medical ethics
Authors: Hattab Abdulla Saeed
Published: September 2021

This article aims to analyse the factors leading to increased emphasis on the ethical dimensions of medical practices, and to outline the general features of the modern trends in teaching the ethics of health practices, on the basis of reviewing and analysis of the medical literature
Water-conscious development and the prevention of water misuse and wastage in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Khosh Chashm K.
Published: September 2021

Many countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region suffer from severe water shortage, primarily as a result of population growth. The problem will undoubtedly worsen in the future with possibly drastic consequences. This paper outlines the current situation in the Region and the possible impact of water scarcity on health and the environment. Water conservation in agricultural, commercial and domestic areas is discussed from the perspective of water-conscious development and possible strategies are proposed
Health for all in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Authors: Abudejaja A. H. , Singh R.
Published: September 2021

The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya is committed to the goal of health for all through primary health care. This review outlines the evolution of health services, and looks at the achievements, analyses current challenges and predicts future prospects for health for all in the country
I. MARTÍN ROBLES, L. PANCORBO CRESPO - La Tradición en Julio Cano Lasso
Authors: Jerez Abajo Enrique
Published: September 2021

Inés Martín Robles, Luis Pancorbo CrespoLa Tradición en Julio Cano LassoMadrid: Rueda, 2019. 397 pp. Tapa dura. Idioma: español. 30 €ISBN: 978-84-7207-268-8
Sant Domènec en Girona y Santa Caterina en Barcelona. Dos lugares monumentales estratégicos en cascos históricos
Authors: Zaragoza Isabel , Esquinas-Dessy Jesús
Published: September 2021

En nuestros días los criterios para rehacer el patrimonio arquitectónico se presentan desdibujados por la distinta naturaleza del soporte físico del lugar o por falta de visión colectiva, por simbolismos asociados, etc. Sin embargo, hay algunos criterios sobre los usos a introducir, el estado de conservación del monumento, así como en los criterios creativos que se comparten en presencias geográficas diversas. El objetivo de este artículo es comparar y contrastar una pareja de lugares monumentales contemporáneos creados en los cascos antiguos de Girona y Barcelona, con el fin de evaluar hasta qué punto son el resultado de una determinada manera de rehacer el patrimonio arquitectónico y de pensar el espacio público. La investigación se centra en un par de lugares monumentales de antiguos conventos dominicos, que tras disruptivos cambios de uso en la desamortización eclesiástica han sido rehechos a finales del siglo XX para dotarlos de una nueva utilidad “colectiva”. El articulo ofrece, desde la experiencia transcurrida, una perspectiva comparada del proceso creativo de los conjuntos monumentales contemporáneos de S. Domènec en Girona y Sta. Caterina en Barcelona, surgidos de necesidades colectivas actuales.
Hombres de la villa y hombres de fuera de la villa en Piera durante la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Sabaté Flocel
Published: September 2021

Analysis of the unpublished documentation about Piera (Catalonia) between the 10th and 15th centuries to interpret the late-medieval organisation of the “man from outside the town” against the “men of the town” in fiscal and defensive matters. The agrarian landscape created in 10th-11th centuries where the disorganised frontier area was, saw an increase in the farmed area in the 12th and 13th centuries, creating farms in emphyteusis and with monasteries and urban investors accumulating direct domain. This increased tax burden on the peasants by the owners at the end of the 13th and early 14th centuries, led to the first complaint to the king by the men from outside the town against the men of the town. This would be repeated shortly after regarding the internal distribution of the Crown’s fiscal demands and in the second half of the century, for the defensive system. The difficulties arisen in the second half of the 14th century show the unviability of many of the farms created in the previous century and contributed to the accumulation of property among the urban investing elite. The urban influence on the countryside –for the town itself and for the bourgeoisie of Barcelona and their monastery of Pedralbes– favoured heavy pressure in the 15th century, the nullification of the rural capacity for organisation and a malaise that led to the negotiated reduction in the tax burden.
INFLUENCE OF DIRECT SOWING METHODS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY GROWN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, SYROMYATNIKOV YU.N.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of studies to determine the efficiency of growing spring barley depending on the methods of direct sowing using technology based on the use of combined machines. The authors determined the influence of direct sowing methods on the grain yield of spring barley (Hordeum sativum Jessen) in the conditions of the north-eastern part of Ukraine. Based on the research data, a significant effect of direct sowing methods on the yield of spring barley was established. It was determined that the sowing option significantly minimizes the level of weediness of spring grain crops, mainly due to pre-sowing soil preparation. The smallest contamination of crops was in the case of using a seed drill with combined undercutting-type working units and disc coulter systems with support-pressing wheels. The highest soil hardness was observed when using a seeder with disc working units, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil. The difference in soil hardness as compared with the control reached 34%. The soil density in the root development zone of plants in all variants of the experiment did not go beyond the optimum. Before harvesting, the moisture content of the upper soil layers in the variants with direct sowing was 3–5% higher, and the moisture content of the lower layers was 1–2% lower than in the control. It was proved that due to the use of a direct sowing seeder, the sections of which consist of modules for local loosening of the soil and wavy discs are installed in front of the coulters, the grain yield increases on average by 20% as compared to the control.
Evapotranspiration estimation at the Kis-Balaton wetland
Authors: Anda Angela , Menyhárt László , Simon Brigitta
Published: September 2021

Evapotranspiration rate, ETaand vegetation composition strongly influence the water budget of wetland impacting available water and water resource management. One of the goals of this study was to estimate the areal ETa of the Kis-Balaton wetland, KBW (natural ecosystem) between 1997 and 2012. This time period was free of any human intervention. ETa was accounted for different vegetation classes through the multiplication of the reference evapotranspiration, ET0 by previously determined crop coefficients in each vegetation/open water classes. Besides common reed and cattail, five other groups were separated, including open water as an independent class. The evapotranspiration sums were strongly impacted by annual mean air temperature, Ta. One degree increment in annual average Ta will increase the yearly ETa sums in about 100 mm. The yearly areal ETaof KBW ranged from 737.08 mm to 896.63 mm with an average of 802.07 mm during the 16-year study.
Analysis of heating and cooling periods in Budapest using station data
Authors: Dian Csenge , Talamon Attila , Pongrácz Rita , Bartholy Judit
Published: September 2021

The built environment has a very complex role in cities. On the one hand, various urban climatological phenomena are caused and influenced by buildings (e.g., urban heat island effect, local wind conditions, air pollution). On the other hand, buildings are important contributors to energy use via heating and cooling, e.g. they account for about 40% of total energy consumption on average in Europe. Daily average outdoor temperature is taken into account to design the heating and cooling systems of residential, commercial, or office buildings. That is why we analyzed the available temperature time series of the capital of Hungary, Budapest for the period between 1901 and 2019. The aims of this study are (i) to investigate the changes in temperature data series that influence building energy design parameters, (ii) to analyze the heating and cooling periods in the last 119 years based on different definitions, and (iii) to define a third (transitional) period between the heating and cooling periods. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the variability of warm days is smaller than that of cold days, consequently, the optimal design of heating systems is a greater challenge compared to cooling systems. Furthermore, the length of the temperature-based heating period decreased substantially, while the length of the cooling period increased as a consequence of overall regional warming.
Downscaling diurnal temperature over west and southwest Iran : A comparison of statistical downscaling approaches
Authors: Poodineh Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to forecast temperature variations in the western and southwestern part of Iran using a general circulation model and artificial neural networks (ANN). The data included mean diurnal temperatures from synoptic stations, National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, and outputs of a third-generation global climate model, the Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 (HadCM3), under A2 and B2 scenarios for the baseline period (1961–1990). The data of the first (1961–1975) and second 15 years (1976–1990) of the baseline period were used for model calibration and validation, respectively. Both models, however, produced reliable estimates at the plain stations with neither outperforming the other due to their negligible errors. However, the neural network results of mountain synoptic stations showed a lower error rate than the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) outputs. All in all, we can say that there was a larger amount of error in the outputs of the atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) in the mountainous regions. According to the outputs of the neural network and the AGCMs, temperatures at the studied stations were on the rise. In fact, this increase was more noticeable at the plain stations. This can be attributed to their proximity to the sea, to their latitude, and to the more intensive industrial activities (especially, extraction of petroleum and production of petroleum products) taking place near the plain stations.
On the correction of processed historical rainfall data of siphoned rainfall recorders
Authors: Rácz Tibor
Published: September 2021

Historical rainfall data registered by siphoned rainfall recorder (SRW) devices have been widely used for a long time in rainfall intensity investigations. A relatively known counting error of the SRW devices is the siphoning error, when the registration of rainfall is blocked temporarily, during the drainage of measure tank. This issue causes a systematic underestimation in the rainfall and rainfall intensity measurement results. To reduce its consequences, a data correction is crucial when SRW data are used, for example as a reference for climate comparison studies, or for proceeding of intensity-duration-frequency curves, etc. In this paper, a formula is presented to fix the siphonage error of SRW devices for historical rainfall data. The early measures were processed in a significant percentage of cases, and sometimes the original measurement results (registration ribbon) have been lost. An essential advantage of the presented formula is that it can be applied for these processed data, which show only the intensity of a known length time interval. For this correction, the average rainfall intensity and the length of the time window are needed, over the physical parameters of the SRW device. The data correction can provide a fixed value of the rainfall intensity, which is undoubtedly closer to the real average rainfall intensity. The importance of this formula is in the reprocessing and validation of the historical rainfall intensity data, measured by siphoned rainfall recorders.
GENDER SOCIALIZATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY THROUGH THE EVENTFULNESS OF CHILDHOOD
Authors:   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Mayorova-Shcheglova Svetlana N. , Kolosova Elena A. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: September 2021

In the article, the gender socialization is considered not only as a process of influence on children of the adult community through various mechanisms, it is proposed to include in the analysis the childhood events related to the independence, self-socialization of the younger generation. On the basis of a sociological study of the youth recollections of the childhood events (2018), the paper describes specifics in the behavior of boys and girls and draws conclusions about the manifestation of diversity, different intensities of the passage of the childhood events in the spheres of education and culture, the development of the information space, deviation, consumer practices. The contradictions in the reproduction of parental attitudes towards children of different sex, the destruction of deviation as a “male” sphere of adolescents’ life, and the infantilization of young men are revealed.
GENDER EQUALITY IN SCIENCE. ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Brushkova Lyudmila A. , Prokhorova Irina G. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

The subject of the article is an issue of the gender equality in the scientific sphere in modern Russian society. The paper notes the successful involvement of women in higher education and science, achieved during the years of socialism. Currently, Russia lags behind not only the developed countries, but also the countries of the former Soviet republics in terms of women’s participation in scientific research. At the same time, it is noted that a significant number of Russians consider a career in science and technology as one of the most attractive for their daughters. The article focuses on the negative trend of the last decade towards the stagnation of the number of women with PhD and doctorate degrees. The authors conclude that, despite the high level of feminization of the spheres of science and higher education in Russia, the country is still far from achieving gender equality in that area. Along with the negative phenomena, there is also a positive trend towards an increase in the number of young women interested in a scientific career
THE VALUE OF YOUNG WOMEN’S APPEARANCE
Authors:   I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Lesin Aleksandr M.
Published: September 2021

The article deals in studying how the value of the external attractiveness of young women influences various aspects of their life in society. The data are given, allowing to describe that value as basic, having the motive-forming and compensatory functions. The results are presented that reveal a high degree of importance of appearance for young women: achieving a higher social status, a luxurious life, a successful career in management and entrepreneurship. The author sees the regularity in the relationship between external attractiveness and agharmonic components of the initiative, egoism and selfishness. He also outlines a negative relation between the significance of the considered value and the attitude to labor and work. When the appearance is attained too much of significance with the young women, they tend to get rid of some generally accepted norms. At the same time, girls associate the value of their attractiveness with well-being in interpersonal relationships and life success.
CHANGES IN POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN WOMEN. CHALLENGES OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Kranzeeva Elena A.
Published: September 2021

The relevance of studying changes in the political consciousness and behavior of women is associated with the trend of gender asymmetry in the structure of the population, persisting gender inequalities in the political sphere, and growing socio-cultural risks associated with the digitalization processes. The purpose of the article is to characterize the stages in the evolution of political consciousness and behavior of women in modern-day Russia and possible changes in the conditions of digitalization. The author identifies the evolution: stages: the crisis mobilization of political consciousness and women’s behavior (1987–1991); differentiation of political consciousness and behavior of women and readiness for decisive action (1992–1999); women’s electoral activity (2000–2007) and the stage of women’s political absenteeism and the search for a new identity (2008 – present). The digitalization of politics is associated with a significant change in the traditional practices of socio-political interaction, there is a rejection of its hierarchical structure, which is facilitated by the absolutization of the network connections built on impersonal algorithms of big data. That may contribute to increase the participation of women. Most notably, the development of electronic platforms for collecting the signatures and declarations as well as of social networks allow women to articulate their civic positions, build up their social capital, and realize group and socially significant interests
GENDER ASPECTS OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND IMAGE. AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Ushakova Valentina G.
Published: September 2021

The article presents materials from a socio-gender empirical study of the attitude of YouTube users to the candidates for the post of President of the Russian Federation who participated in the 2018 elections. The elections are indicative of the gender imbalance. Of the 8 candidates – only 1 is a woman. YouTube, on request in the search bar “presidential debate 2018”, gave out four posts with millions of views. The videos were concerned with the most emotional moments of the elections. It was revealed that gender stereotypes affect the perception of the image of a political leader by Russians. The conducted sociogender study showed that the Internet has a huge information potential for gender sociology
GENDER STRATEGY AND WOMEN’S ACTIVISM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors:   Dagestan State University of National Economy, Sirazhudinova Saida V.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of the sociological study conducted in the republics of the North Caucasus. The sociological research focuses on the issue of the gender strategy of civil society structures (women’s organizations and women’s activism) and its reflection in view of the local population and women activists. The research aims to determine the gender strategy of the region through the analysis of women’s activity, to identify its directions and the most common issues and questions that women’s activists and organizations solve. Women’s organizations in the region are heterogeneous, have different agendas and focus on solving different kinds of issues. Among the organizations one can distinguish formal organizations created “from upstairs”, unified by common priorities; organizations that solve a number of tasks related to their local communities or group interests; independent women’s initiatives that respond to the needs of society and its challenges. The main results of the study show that the gender strategy in the region is formed primarily by religious structures, and is built on patriarchal attitudes. The largest women’s organizations do not influence the gender strategy, and, moreover, their activities are almost invisible at the moment. At the same time, individual initiatives are emerging, which are currently not strong enough and not consolidated, but at the same time, raise important issues for women and defend their interests.
EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTING WITH AUTHORITIES ON THE ISSUE OF COMBATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Mikhaleva Galina M.
Published: September 2021

The article considers an issue of the growth of domestic violence in the context of a pandemic, measures to reduce it, recommended by the government and by the YABLOKO party. Based on the correspondence with the authorities of the Federation and the regions, the author analyzes the differences in approaches to solving that issue in various constituent entities of the Federation. Attitudes towards domestic violence range from a complete lack of understanding of the danger to the comprehensive prevention and assistance measures taken by regional authorities.
“Queremos vingança”. O afundamento de navios brasileiros pelo submarino alemão U-507 e as reações populares no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira Jorge
Published: September 2021

O afundamento de cinco navios brasileiros por submarino alemão, com centenas de mortes, repercutiu de maneira impactante na sociedade brasileira. Nos dias 18 e 19 de agosto de 1943, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, na época capital da República, ocorreram manifestações de protestos, com passeatas e comícios. Homens e mulheres, trabalhadores e estudantes, exigiam que o governo brasileiro declarasse guerra à Alemanha.
Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb'in Yozgat nüshasinda ikilemeler
Authors: CİHAN Serkan
Published: September 2021

İkilemeler, aynı anlamda, yakın anlamda, zıt anlamda ve biri anlamlı, diğeri tek başına anlam ifade etmeyen iki veya daha fazla kelimenin bir araya gelmesiyle kurulan ve Eski Türkçeden beri dilimizde çok sık başvurulan anlatım biçimlerinden birisidir. Orhun Yazıtları ve Uygur metinlerinde de çok sık kullanılan bu ifade biçimi, Karahanlı ve Harezm Türkçesi metinlerinde de fazlasıyla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İkilemelerin eski metinlerde bu denli çok kullanılması, araştırmacıların da dikkatini çekmiş ve ikilemeler üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların ilki Karl Foy'un 1989 yılında kaleme aldığı 'Studien Zur Osmanischen Syntax, Das Handiadyoin und die Wortfolge ana baba' adlı makaledir. Bu çalışmadan sonra literatürümüzde ikilemeler, anlam, kuruluş yapısı, cümledeki işlevi gibi birçok yönden ele alınmış ve incelenmiştir. Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb, Zemahşerî’nin eldeki verilerle 1128-1144 yılları arasında yazmış olduğunu tahmin ettiğimiz, Harezm Türkçesi dil malzemesini barındıran dönemin önemli eserlerinden biridir. Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’ten sonra Orta Türkçe döneminin en zengin kelime haznesine sahip olan eser, Türkçede kullanılan farklı ifade biçimlerini barındırması itibarıyla da önemlidir. Çalışmamızın konusunu, bu ifade biçimlerinden biri olan ikilemeler oluşturacaktır. Bu çalışmada Mukaddimetü'l-Edeb'in en eski ve kapsamlı nüshalarından biri olan Yozgat nüshasında tespit edilen ikilemeler, zaman zaman Harezm döneminde yazılan diğer metinlerle de karşılaştırılarak anlam ve kuruluş yapısı bakımından incelenecektir.
On the origin of the verb ötün - and its derivatives in the historical Turkish dialects
Authors: KESKİN Berker
Published: September 2021

The verb ötün-, which basically means “to submit, to request, to ask”, has been encountered in the texts since the Old Turkish period. Especially in the Old Uyghur Turkish, it is seen that the frequency of use of the verb with its various derivatives increased, but we can find it in all historical Turkish dialects, and it still maintains its existence in a significant part of modern Turkish dialects. It is clear that the verb is not in the form of a base, and for this reason, various views have been put forward about its structure. However, there is no consensus on the subject yet. In this study, first of all, I aim to question the status of the verb in the historical dialects and then show its existence in the modern dialects. I have brought together the explanations made so far about the verb base and presented the common theme. Then, based on the existing data I have examined what the verb base might be. Finally, I have explained the derivatives of this verb base in the historical dialects of Turkish with examples.
Karanlık bir ruhun ıstırabı: Halit Asım ve şiiri üzerine bir inceleme
Authors: KARADENİZ Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk şiirinin gölgede kalmış şairlerinden biri olan Halit Asım’ın yaşamını ve şiirini hastalık, ölüm korkusu ve melankoli kavramları ışığında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu inceleme yoluyla Asım’ın hayatıyla şiirleri arasındaki paralelliğin düzeyi serimlenir. 1918 yılında Burdur’da doğan şair, kronik kalp hastalığı sebebiyle henüz yirmi üç yaşındayken hayatını kaybeder. Ömür adıyla kitaplaştırılan şiir ve mektupları, şairin hastalığının ve melankolik mizacının güdümündedir. Sekiz yaşındayken yakalandığı kalp hastalığı, Asım’ın ölüm kavramıyla yaşamının çok erken bir evresinde tanışmasına sebep olur. Hastalığı ve bundan ileri gelen ölüm korkusu, onun hayatını ve şiirlerini şekillendiren başlıca etken olur. Bu korku, kimi şiirlerde yoğunlaşarak vehme dönüşür. Hüzün, korku ve vehim duygularının süreğen karakteri, Asım’ın şiirlerini melankoli kavramı ışığında okumaya imkân verir. Ancak melankolik durumun Asım’da iki farklı evreye ve karaktere sahip olduğu dikkat çeker. İlk evre, şairin kötümser ruh hâlini anlamlandırmaya çalışması şeklinde belirir. İlk evrenin bir “kayıp nesne” ekseninde şekillenmesi, melankoli olgusunun doğasıyla paralellik gösterir. İkinci evre ise ölüm düşüncesi etrafında gelişen duygu ve düşüncelere odaklanır. Dolayısıyla Asım’ın yaşadığı melankolik durum, mizacından ve ölüm düşüncesinden beslenir. Bu çerçevede, yaşamını kuşatan melankoliyle başa çıkmak için Asım’ın birtakım telafi arayışlarına girdiği söylenebilir. Mektuplarında ve şiirlerinde başka diyarlara özlem duyma, kaçma isteği, karşı cinsle münasebetler ve istikrarlı dostluk ilişkileri bu telafi çabasını yansıtan başlıca durumlar olarak öne çıkar. Kaynağını yaşamından alan şiirlerinin içerdiği kasvet ve yoğun imgesellik, Halit Asım’ı Türk şiirinin özgün ve sıra dışı şairlerinden biri olarak değerlendirmeye imkân verir.
Suat Derviş külliyatına katkı: Ne Bir Ses Ne Bir Nefes
Authors: ŞAHİN Seval , KARAHAN Tolga
Published: September 2021

Suat Derviş’in ilk romanlarından Ne Bir Ses Ne Bir Nefes (1923), yazarın sonraki yıllarda yazdıklarında da görülecek korku ve gerilim unsurlarının yoğun olduğu bir eserdir. Roman, ikinci evliliğini kendisinden çok genç bir kadınla yapan Osman, oğlu Kemal ve Zeliha arasındaki gerilimli ilişkiyi anlatır. Eserde bir babanın, karısı ve oğlu arasında yasak bir ilişki olduğundan ve oğlunun kendisini öldüreceğinden şüphelenmesi yüzünden sık sık kabuslar görmesi ve sinir buhranları geçirmesi sebebiyle tekinsiz bir atmosfer vardır. Osman’ın düşünceleri, arkadaşı İrfan Behçet’le yazı odasında yaptığı sohbetlerde ve meşin kaplı defterde yazdıklarında gizlidir. Eserin sonunda cinnet geçiren kahramanın sebep olduğu cinayet de bu defterde yazılanlarla ilişkilidir. Romanla aynı adı taşıyan ancak ne zaman yazıldığı belli olmayan üç sahnelik kısa bir oyun Muhsin Ertuğrul Arşivinde yer almaktadır ve şimdiye kadar bu oyundan Suat Derviş ile ilgili kaynaklarda bahsedilmemiştir. Küçük bir deftere Arap harfleriyle ve el yazısıyla kaydedilmiş bu oyunun yazıldığı tarihe dair defterde herhangi bir bilgiye yer verilmemiştir. Bu makalede, Muhsin Ertuğrul Arşivinde bulunan söz konusu oyun, bir romanı oyunlaştırma tecrübesinde, yazarın pratiğini göstermek açısından ve yazarın külliyatına bir katkıda bulunmak amacıyla Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarılmıştır.
Türk film adlarına derlem tabanlı bir bakış
Authors: BOZKURT Ferdi
Published: September 2021

Bugün dünyada kendine ait sineması olmayan hemen hemen hiçbir toplum kalmamıştır. Bir sektör hâline gelmiş film dünyası artık sanayileşmiş ve dünyadaki hemen her türden insana ulaşmış durumdadır. Kökeni edebiyata dayanan filmlerin, kendilerine has adları vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, insanın sanatsal yaratıcılığını ortaya çıkaran filmlerin önemli bir parçası durumundaki adlarının derlem tabanlı bir analizini yapmak, türlerine göre benzerlik ve farklılık gösteren yönlerini tespit etmektir. Adbilim alan yazın taraması sonucunda film adlarının bir dil malzemesi olarak kullanılması hususunda özellikle İngilizce için çeşitli çalışmalar olduğu görülmüştür. Öte yandan Türkiye’de bu tür çalışmalara tesadüf edilememesi çalışmanın güçlü yönünü oluşturmuştur. Veri tespitinden sonra verinin büyüklüğü fark edilip nitelikli bir raporlamaya ulaşabilmek amacıyla yaklaşık 20.000 birimlik, küçük çapta, Türk Film Adları Derlemi adında bir derlem oluşturulmuştur. Bu derlem içindeki film adları el ile çeşitli işaretlemelere tabi tutulmuştur. Veri seçiminde bir evren içinden bir örneklem kesiti üzerinde çalışmak yerine Türk sinemasındaki tüm film adları tercih edilmiştir. Bu veri tabanı 1917 ve 2020 yılları arasını kapsamaktadır. Bu veri tabanında 15 tür, 7923 adet film vardır. Çalışma sonucunda türlerin özelliklerini yansıtan çeşitli veriler elde edilmiştir.
The film adaptation of Yukio Mishima’s three novels and his shocking “death-story” in Schrader’s A Life in Four Chapters
Authors: GÜVEN Devrim Çetin
Published: September 2021

Paul Schrader’s Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985) is one of the most comprehensive biographical representations of Yukio Mishima’s literature and life, which were retroactively overshadowed by his sensational death. In this film with a multi-layered and complex temporal structure oscillating between documentary and fiction, Schrader concisely adapts The Temple of the Golden Pavilion (1956), Kyōko’s House (1959), and Runaway Horses (1969), as well as some anecdotal episodes of Mishima, for cinema. The story centres on Mishima’s bizarre act of terror which he executed with his four young soldiers from his militia force, the Shield Society, on November 25, 1970, at the headquarters of the Japan Self-Defence Forces. He committed suicide by seppukku when his call for “Shōwa Restoration” was ignored. Hence, as this biographical film focuses on Mishima’s “death” and his anecdotes connected with his “death wish” rather than on his “life-story,” its genre should be renamed as a “death-story.” On the other hand, Schrader consciously transformed Benjamin’s “shock effect” theory into a method. According to Benjamin, the “shock effect” is caused by the constant and sudden change of images in cinema which subverts the viewer’s consciousness. However, in this way, the spectator, who is forced to re-establish her/his consciousness by taking a productive stance, comprehends the film more efficiently. Our goal is to reveal how Schrader utilised Benjamin’s “shock effect” in his film. To this end, we analysed the above-mentioned literary works and their film adaptations comparatively, with a particular focus on the “death-story” of Mishima.
Tolerance to Imazamox Herbicide Found after Screening of Advanced Generation Lentil Mutant Genotypes
Authors: HAMID Zian , LAKMES Abdulkarım , GÜMÜŞ Havva , ÜNSAL Nefise Eren , KAHRAMAN Abdullah
Published: September 2021

In Turkey, one of the essential grain legumes is lentil. It is usually perceived as a weak competitor with weeds. The research objective was to determine the tolerance of selected 145 mutagenized lentil genotypes at M5 generation to imazamox herbicide including 139 M5 lentil genotypes derived from Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized seeds of cultivar Firat-87 and 6 control lentil cultivars were screened for imazamox herbicide tolerance. Experiments were carried out in the greenhouse and field. Herbicide was applied at 150% of the recommended dose of (100 ml/ha, or 40 g a.i/ha) imazamox when the plants were between 5 - 6 node stage. The response of the genotypes to the herbicide was evaluated by measuring the plant height as a sign of the growth and also by visual scoring of foliar damage with a 1 to 5 scale at 45 and 60 days after a spraying in the field experiment and at 30 and 60 days after a spraying in the greenhouse experiment. The genotypes were categorized based on their reactions to herbicides as highly tolerant, tolerant, moderately tolerant, sensitive, and highly sensitive. The results showed significant differences among the genotypes for tolerance to the herbicide. At 60 days after spray, most of the genotypes showed some of the recoveries in both experiments. Five genotypes (IMI-124, IMI-128, IMI-130, IMI-138, and IMI-139), displayed high herbicide tolerance in both experiments. The tolerant genotypes can be exploited in future breeding programs for improving herbicide tolerant lentil varieties.
The Impacts of Clove Extract Incorporated Gelatine/Glycerol Based Edible Film Covered PET Packaging on the Ready-to-eat ‘Wonderful’ Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Arils
Authors: KAHRAMANOGLU İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils are so perishable and have very short storability after extracting from the fruit peel. Therefore, several techniques have been used for the improvement of the arils’ storability. Among these techniques, edible films and coatings have a long history in food preservation; where most of the studies have focused on edible coatings. Therefore, present study aimed to test the performance of clove extract incorporated gelatine/glycerine based edible film covered PET packaging on the ready-to-eat ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate arils. Edible films were prepared in 4 different compositions, including; EF1: only gelatine and glycerine, EF2: gelatine/glycerine with clove extract, EF3: gelatine/glycerine with clove extract and some additives and EF4: gelatine/glycerine with only additives. Un-covered PET packages were then used as a control group. Studies were conducted with 35 boxes (each with 50 arils) in each group, and the boxes were stored at 4 ± 0.5 ºC and 90-95 % relative humidity for 14 days. Quality parameters were observed with 2-days interval. Results suggested that all of the four edible films are effective in preventing weight loss, mechanical damage, loss in sensory quality, reduction of soluble solids content, decline in titratable acidity and loss of ascorbic acid content of the pomegranate arils. The highest efficacy was noted from EF2 and EF3, which were incorporated with clove extract. According to the measured parameters, the edible films together with the PET packaging make it possible to store arils for 10 days with acceptable sensory quality.
Bazı Armut Çeşitlerinin (Pyrus comminus L.) Vejetatif Gelişimi Üzerine Su Stresinin Etkisi
Authors: KÜÇÜKYUMUK Cenk , TÜRKELİ Bahar
Published: September 2021

Ülkemizde son yıllarda armut üretim alanları artmış ve yetiştiricilikte farklı gelişim özelliklerine sahip anaç ve yeni çeşitler de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bundan dolayı yeni anaçlar ve çeşitlerin su stresine karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin belirlenmesine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçlar yürütülen çalışmada OHFx333 anacı üzerine aşılı Deveci, Ankara ve Margarita armut çeşitlerine ait 1 yaşlı fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Deneme Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’nde yürütülmüştür. Denemede kullanılan saksı harcı 1:1:0.5 oranlarında tınlı toprak:torf:hayvan gübresi karışımından oluşmuştur. Karışım, ağırlıkları bilinen 18 litrelik saksılara eşit miktarlarda konulmuş ve 1 yaşlı armut ağaçlarının dikimi yapılmıştır. Denemede her bir çeşit için 3 farklı sulama konusu yer almıştır. Konular; D0: her sulamada eksilen nemin saksı tarla kapasitesine getirilmesi, D1: D0 uygulamasında saksılara verilen suyun % 50’sinin verilmesi, D2: D0 uygulamasında saksılara verilen suyun % 25’inin verilmesi şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Bitki boyu, bitki ağırlığı, kök ağırlığı, sürgün uzunluğu ve sürgün çapı gelişimleri stres düzeylerinin yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Vejetatif ölçüm sonuçlarına göre OHFx333 anacına aşılı Margarita çeşidinin su stresinden en az etkilenen çeşit olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Optimization of Meristem Culture to Obtain Virus-Free Clonal Basic Material of Grape Cultivars
Authors: KARACA SANYÜREK Nesrin , ÇAKIR Atilla , SÖYLEMEZOĞLU Gökhan
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this study was to obtain a clone free from viruses and virus-like diseases to rapidly reproduce these clones. Meristems were extracted and cultured for the production of the base material for the Kalecik Karası number 4 and 23-2 clones. After the explants formed shoots, the effects of 12 dissimilar auxin (IBA) and cytokine (2İP and BAP) concentrations on the growth of the root and plant were investigated. In the meristem stage clones showed a 60 % and 80 % viability rate. In the rooting stage, it was determined that shoot formation and leaf numbers were higher in the Kalecik Karası clone number 23-2 and the 1.0 mg. L-1 IBA+0.5 mg. L-1 BAP / 2 IP concentration showed the highest shoot formation and leaf number value. The highest callus levels were determined as 0.43 cm for clone number 4 and 0.72 cm for clone number 23-2. M S (Murashige & Skoog) with 2mg. L-1 IBA showed the highest rooting value. The longest root values were 3.47 cm with 1mg. L-1 IBA for clone number 4, and 3.90 cm with 0.5mg L-1 IBA for clone number 23-2.
Influence of Groundnut Waste as Substrate and Host Plant on Inoculum Production of Endophytic Mycorrhiza for Large Scale Agricultural Application
Authors: KUMAR Ashish , AGGARWAL Ashok , SHARMA Navnita , GUPTA Anil
Published: September 2021

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil amendment with different forms of groundnut waste on spore population and root infection of indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal species i.e. Glomus mosseae under polyhouse conditions. Two angiospermic plant species viz. sorghum and sesame were also examined for mycorrhization potential in the study. Observations were made for percent root colonization, spore density of AM fungi and the effectiveness of AM fungi on the shoot and root biomass of both host plants. The results indicated that AM fungal spore population and colonization levels were substantially enhanced by the application of compost groundnut waste as a substrate over dry groundnut waste. Among growth parameters, plant height, root length and plant biomass were recorded more in sorghum than Sesame. On the whole, mycorrhization was reported the highest with 75 g/pot concentration of waste. Also, Sorghum appeared to be a better host than sesame.
Seed Storability and Genetic Parameters Estimation on Accelerated Aging Seed of Argomulyo Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Mutant Lines
Authors: MAESAROH Siti , WAHYU Yudıwantı , WIDAJATI Eny
Published: September 2021

Seed storability of 22 selected soybean mutant lines from Argomulyo population irradiated by gamma ray were assessed by rapid aging tool, APC-IPB 77-1MM. Seed viability and vigor parameter observed due to genetic factors. The 90% ethanol was applied for 20, 40, 60 and 80 min as accelerated aging test. M100-96-53-6 was estimated that has good storability with less seed deterioration rate expressed by slow slope of germination percentage, germination speed and electrical resistance value after 20-80 min of chemical accelerated aging. Electrical resistance (ER) test could be as alternative and a substitute of electrical conductance (EC) test as alternative of vigor test. The high heritability and moderate to high genetic advance were noted on all parameters except moisture content. Germination percentage and germination speed could be reviewed for early stage selection to improve traits at the next generation based on R-square value of regresion and genetic parameters obtained.