bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of path analysis to determine the relationship of factors affecting irrigation water sufficiency at the tertiary level of Belitang irrigation system, Indonesia
Authors: Murtiningrum  , Imron F
Published: February 2021

Tertiary level is the lowest level in irrigation system which distributes water to agricultural land. The objective of this study was to develop the linkages between irrigation aspects and to measure the strength of aspects related to the adequacy of irrigation water. This study was conducted at Belitang Irrigation System in South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Data was collected using questionnaires for water users’ association as well as through survey to assess infrastructure condition. The state of each aspects was measured using Likert scale according to the predetermined variables. The variables were water availability, infrastructure condition, management, institution and human resources as intervening variable. The dependent variable was irrigation water sufficiency to fulfil planting area target. This research resulted three models, which showed that management has a great influence in mediating the relationship of institution and water availability to water sufficiency in tertiary systems of Belitang Irrigation System. Institution and water availability showed better performance to water sufficiency through management than their direct influence to water sufficiency. This implied that the management development may improve water sufficiency in tertiary level.
Effect of organic fertilizer and application of charcoal on quality of potato tuber variety atlantic
Authors: Wibowo C , Wijaya K , Biyantara A L
Published: February 2021

The widely cultivated tuber in Indonesia is Granola. The Granola tuber is appropriate for table potato and not for processing one. The cultivation of potato cultivar Atlantic for processed potato should be increased. This research aimed to examine the quality of potato cultivar Atlantic with organic farming and compare their properties with a conventional system. Potato tuber cultivar Atlantic was cultivated with conventional and organic fertilizer. Fertilization was performed following the practices of the local farmers. Three types of charcoal produced from wood, husk, and coconut shell were applied at three different concentrations. The cultivation was conducted in the greenhouse located in the area of potato cultivation, at 1,300 m above sea level. Selected quality parameters of potato tuber regarding the processing and nutritional properties were determined: weight of yield, moisture and ash content and brightness of flour that produced from the tubers. The present study shows that organic fertilizer and charcoal application could contribute to the quality of potato tuber cultivar Atlantic. However, application of organic fertilizer and charcoal during cultivation does not increase significantly of tubers ‘properties. Further research for cultivation in the field is required to confirm this result.
The characteristics of cookies from sorghum flour and almond flour with variations in the type of fat
Authors: Sustriawan B , Aini N , Setyawati R , Hania R , Sandi R T , Irfan R
Published: February 2021

The substitution of wheat flour with almond flour and addition of vegetables fat can influence the final properties of cookies, enhance the taste, and eliminate skim milk use which produce lactose-free cookies. This study aims to determine the effect of different ratio of sorghum flour to almond flour and addition of various type of fat to the physical and chemical properties of cookies. This research used a factorial randomized block template (RBD) with study factors ratio of sorghum flour to almond flour (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) and the form of fat added (margarine, VCO, and a mixture of margarine and VCO (1:1 w / w)). The findings showed that the ratio of sorghum flour and almond flour had a major effect on the ash, fat, dissolved protein, and reducing sugar content. Type of fat had a major impact on the ash, fat, and reducing sugar content. The best treatment in this study showed in a ratio of sorghum flour and almond flour of 1:1 using margarine with water content 3.08%, ash content 0.82%, fat content 36.65%, dissolved protein content of 1.27%, decreasing sugar content of 0.56%, and loaf volume of 92.04%.
Increased genetic variability of sugarcane through gamma ray irradiation
Authors: Suhesti S , Syukur M , Husni A , Hartati R S
Published: February 2021

To increase the genetic diversity of sugarcane can be done through induced mutation using gamma ray irradiation. This research was carried out to determine the response and radiosensitivity of calli sugarcane variety (Kidang Kencana) to gamma ray irradiation, and knowing the diversities of phenotypic mutant of sugarcane. The research was conducted at BATAN and ICECRD, from August 2012 until March 2013. This research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 6 doses of gamma ray irradiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy). Each treatment consisted of 10 replications. Each replication consists of 5 clumps of calli. The observed variables were calli fresh weight, percentage of regenerated calli, number of shoots, shoot height, leaves number, roots number and plantlets number, calli and mutant phenotype. The results showed that the ability of calli to regenerate and shoot growth decreased with increasing doses of gamma ray irradiation. Radiosensitivity (LD20-LD50) of sugarcane calli Kidang Kencana variety to gamma irradiation were in the range of 10 and 30 Gy doses. Gamma irradiation 10 and 20 Gy doses caused the variability mutant phenotype were very high. It means that gamma irradiation can be used to increase the genetic variability of sugarcane.
Virulence of five anthracnose Colletotricum acutatum isolates from West Java against the resistance of hot pepper
Authors: Gunaeni N , Korlina E , Wulandari A W , Sulastrini I , Gaswanto R
Published: February 2021

The most dominant disease attacked hot pepper plantations is anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). This disease can attack fruit, causing substantial losses in quality and quantity of 20% - 90%. The purpose of this research is to select lines or varieties of hot pepper that are potentially resistant toColletotricum acutatum. This research was carried out at the Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute from January to December 2018. Samples of anthracnose-infected plants were taken from several locations in West Java. Identification ofC. acutatumisolates was done by PCR method. The results showed that: (1). The intensity of anthracnose disease is different in five districts (Bandung, Garut, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis and Sukabumi) ranging 50% - 73%. The high intensity of anthracnose symptoms depends on cropping patterns, used of varieties, age and plant conditions. (2). The morphology of the isolate the top view white and gray, and beige, white, peach for the colony the bottom. (3). C. acutatumisolates from West Java were identified by PCR, DNA band measuring 490 bp. (4). The isolates from Sukabumi were the most virulent. (5). Inoculation of 5 isolates from West Java on hot pepper were not obtained resistant lines / varieties.
The impact of covid-19 pandemic on food sufficiency in Bantul Yogyakarta – Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana L , Susanto S , Ngadisih  , Setyawan C , Tirtalistyani R
Published: February 2021

Bantul is one of regencies in Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia which prone to geological disaster such as earthquakes and tsunami. Bantul likewise risky regency to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the immense tourism and student urbanization. This study was aimed to explore the supply and demand behavior of rice (staple food) during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Bantul regency. Dynamic modeling software (Powersim 10) was applied in this study. The modeling used series data 2010 to 2019 produced by Statistic Agency of Bantul which include rice production, population, urbanization, and rice field area data. The COVID-19 pandemic was assumed taken place throughout 2020. The validation model adopted MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error). This study proved the rising of the rice demand in 2020 was 145,131.25 ton while the production was 115,988.47 ton, so the COVID-19 pandemic caused Bantul regency was deficiency of rice 29.142,78 ton. The surplus of rice reoccurs in 2021 to 2026 and Bantul was deficiency of rice 573.51 ton in 2027.
Physical quality change in orange fruit (RGL variety): effects of different temperatures in storage
Authors: Mikasari W , Calista I , Mussadad D , Fauzi E , Megawati N , Puspitasari M , Ivanti L , Hidayat T , Yuliasari S , Sastro Y
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to study the right temperature to extend the shelf life of RGL oranges. The experimental treatments were arranged using a two-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The factors were washing treatments, namely washing with water and washing with fruit washing solutions, and storage temperatures, namely room temperature (25±30C) and cold temperature (10±10C). The treatment was repeated four times. The variables observed included weight loss, diameter, fruit height and fruit sensory. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by the DMRT test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that washing treatment and storage temperature had a significant effect on fruit weight loss inhibition, namely 4.72%, 8.58%, and 13.06% at day 5, 10, and 15. Hedonic test showed that the sensory attribute score in washing treatment was significant but was not significant on storage temperature. The panelists’ preference for citrus fruit treated with fruit washing solution and stored at cold temperatures until the 15th day showed the highest score compared to other treatments (skin color 3.93, smoothness 3.83, texture 3.86 and overall 3.76). Thus, the physical quality of citrus fruits freshness last longer if treated with fruit washing solution and stored at cold temperatures.
Growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) Lokananta in various doses of nitrogen fertilizers and number of plant per hole in coastal sandy land
Authors: Saparso  , Kartini  , Apriliyanto I D
Published: February 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of N fertilizer dose, number of plant/hole, and their interaction on the growth and yield of shallots. The research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: various doses of N fertilizer (P) (P1=90, P2=180, and P3=270 N kg/ha) and number of plant/hole (T) (T1=1, T2=2, T3=3, and T4=4). The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomata opening width, stomata density, weight of fresh and dry leaf, root and tuber, fresh and askip tuber yield, root length, number of roots, number of tubers, and tuber diameter. Obtained data were analyzed using F test then followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5% level if diversity occur. The results showed that N fertilizer of 180 kg/ha produced higher plant height (25.78 cm), density of morning and evening stomata (71.86/mm2 67.03/mm2, respectively) with fresh tubers yield of 8.48 t/ha. One plant/hole showed higher yield of tuber diameter (4.68 cm), two plants/hole showed higher height (25.67 cm), and four plants/hole showed higher number of leaves (9.38 strands), roots (73.56 strands), and tubers (4 pieces). There was no interaction between both factors to the observed variables.
The effect of feeding antioxidant rich coffee on glucose blood response, MDA and SOD on diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin
Authors: Dwiyanti H , Setyawati R , Prihananto V , Krisnansari D
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to examine the effects of antioxidant rich coffee on blood pressure, glucose blood response, levels of MDA and SOD serum, and liver tissue of Wistar diabetic rats. The study used 24 Wistar rats in which 18 rats were induced with Streptozotocin of 60 mg/kg BW for 4 days to make them diabetic (fasting blood glucose level >250 mg/dL). Rats than divided into 4 groups: 1) control group (non-diabetic group), given distilled water, 2) diabetic control group, given sugar cane coffee of 0.45 gram/200 g BW/day, 3) diabetic group, given antioxidant rich coffee of 0.45 g/200 g BW/day, 4) diabetic group, given antioxidant rich coffee of 0.90 gram/200g BW/day. Weekly observations were made on blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, body weight and blood pressure, as well as serum and tissue levels of SOD and MDA. The results showed that coffee rich in antioxidant significantly reduced oxidative stress in diabetic rats with lower blood pressure, serum MDA values, and the tissue MDA value than that in the diabetic rats given sugar cane coffee. This illustrates that consuming 0.90 g/day antioxidant rich coffee in mice, or the equivalent of 60 g/day in humans, can reduce oxidative stress in diabetes.
Morphology characteristics of orchids species in Bukit Barisan, Bengkulu province
Authors: Miswarti  , Calista I , Putra W E , Oktavia Y , Yuliasari S , Musaddad D , Sastro Y
Published: February 2021

The species orchid is one of the rich local genetic resources of Bengkulu Province. Information on the diversity of orchid species in Bengkulu has not been widely disclosed, so characterization is needed. This study aims to identify and characterize orchid species based on morphological characters. The study was carried out in Bukit Barisan, Central Bengkulu, Kepahiang, Rejang Lebong and Lebong from April to December 2018. The orchid data collection was carried out by exploration methods and direct observation of orchid plants in situ and exitu. In-situ observations were made on all orchid species found in their habitat and were flowering or fruiting, while the external observations were made on orchids that were not flowering and bearing fruit in their habitat. The samples of these orchids are collected and maintained beforehand until they grow flowers and fruit. Observations were made on morphological characteristics, namely the growth pattern of stems, pseudobulbs, leaves, flowers and fruit. Determination of the types of orchids identified in accordance with orchid guidelines. There are 15 genera consisting of 34 types of orchids with various forms of stem growth, pseudobulbs, leaves and flower colors.
Efficacy of different dose of fungicide Mancozeb against purple blotch complex (Alternaria porri) of Shallot
Authors: Korlina E , Hasyim A , Hermanto C
Published: February 2021

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L) is subjected to attack by a number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses which are the major constraints for higher production. Among the several diseases which attacked shallot, purple blotch disease of shallot caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif, is one of the most destructive disease; causing accountable losses of about 57 percent. Present study was aimed to determine the efficacies of different doses of fungicide (Mancozeb) against Alternaria leaf blight in shallot. A field experiment for the evaluation of different doses of mancozeb was conducted at Subang, West Java. The research used randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were six doses of mancozeb (3 g/L; 2.25 g/L; 1.5 g/L; 0.75 g/L; 0.5 g/L and 0 g/L of water) were applied after 7 days intervals. All Mancozeb doses reduce the disease severity compared to untreated control. Among the different treatments, minimum disease intensity (13.33 %) was observed when the plots were sprayed with mancozeb 3 g/L followed by mancozeb 2.25 g/L (20.27%), mancozeb 1.5 g/l (20.53%), mancozeb 0.75 g/L (21.07%) and mancozeb 0.50 g/L of water respectively.
Passenger trips analysis determined by processing validation data of the electronic tickets in public transport
Authors: Fadeev A I , Alhusseini S
Published: February 2021

Based on the set of trip-legs obtained by the algorithm described in our earlier work-trip-legs were sorted by their start or end time for each ticket- we managed to identify the set of passenger correspondence which consists of one or several trip-leg based on the analysis of the transfer conditions. Advanced and in-depth study of passenger correspondence is pivotal for solving transport-planning tasks and avoiding any mistake happened at some point at trip identification. In this work, we will process two matters: distribution transfers by time and identify short activities trips. This work shows that for a two-hour period of free transfer, the share of free trips will be about 17% of the total number of trips. In details, 12% of passengers per day will take one free trip and the share of passengers who will perform two or more free transfers is about 5% of trips. For a one-hour free transfer period the share of free transfer will be about 10%. Passengers with one free transfer will make about 8% of trips. Also, after identifying the short activities trips and dividing these trips into separate trips, the share of trip without transfer increased by 7%. The transfer factor decreased by 0.04.
The automated special software for component testing of the satellite communication station
Authors: Drozd O V , Kapulin D V
Published: February 2021

Research tests of satellite communication station components are distinguished by a special variety of tasks to be solved, associated both with a wide range of components of the station, and a variety of estimated technical and functional characteristics. The whole set of characteristics can be subdivided into three categories: frequency and quality characteristics of components, operation parameters of the station and parameters of electromagnetic compatibility. These measurement operations of these parameters should be carried out using an automated measuring complex, which includes a measuring signal generator, vector spectrum, signal and network analyzers and operated under control of a specialized software. In the paper the architecture, logic algorithms and some application results of the software are shortly presented. The special software consists of the individual modules for control technical characteristics of low-noise and power amplifiers, cable assemblies, transceiver signal path element, and documenting the results. The program also includes modules that implement measurement instrumentation control used to assess the operational parameters and electromagnetic compatibility of the communication equipment. The developed specialized software allows automatically performing the entire cycle of operations related to the analysis of frequency and spectral characteristics, as well as quality characteristics of the devices under test in the automatic mode.
Ensuring priority of public urban passenger transport on urban road network
Authors: Fomin E V , Baklanova K V , Voevodin E V , Askhabov A M
Published: February 2021

Recently, in large and medium-sized cities, the increase in a load of highways is aggravated by the growth of motorization and the lack of development of the road network. An increase in the traffic intensity of vehicles to a critical level leads to an excess of the throughput of highways. The consequence is an increase in the level of road traffic delay. One of the most vulnerable groups is public urban mass passenger transport. This article discusses the methodology for determining the need to allocate a separate lane for the movement of public urban passenger transport on a given section of the road network. The purpose of this work is to identify patterns between the parameters of traffic flows and the parameters of the transportation program for public urban passenger transport, based on which criteria will be formulated for the need to allocate a separate lane for the movement of urban land transport on each separate section of the route network. For quality improvement of passenger transportation, a mathematical model has been developed, which is based on such indicators as the level of traffic delay and the share of the passenger flow in the total flow of traffic participants. Necessary conditions have been formulated, the strict implementation of which determines the need to ensure the priority of urban mass public transport on the considered section of the city’s road network. The resulting dependencies allow determining the need to ensure the priority of urban transport. The proposed model makes it possible to determine the rationality of the allocation of individual lanes, traffic for public transport following the level of traffic in the city’s road network. This study can become the basis for an algorithm for the operation of interactive signs that regulate traffic on a given stretch of the city’s road network.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the road network functioning
Authors: Gorbunov R N , Gorbunova Z V , Gorbunova L N , Kolchin V S , Karlina A I
Published: February 2021

Road transport has an impact to one degree or another on the life of every person. The article discusses approaches to assessing the costs caused by the deterioration of traffic conditions, which are subdivided into individual and social ones. Assessment of total costs should be carried out when adopting traffic management measures. The proposed approaches made it possible to estimate the individual costs caused by traffic management measures using the city of Irkutsk as an example.
Excavator implement for pipeline repair
Authors: Letopolsky A B , Korchagin P A , Teterina I A
Published: February 2021

The article presents an option to improve the design of the equipment of an excavator of the 3 dimensional group. The equipment is intended for selective repair of the pipeline by an excavator, without involving other road construction equipment (for example, a pipeline). The proposed version of the design of the working body allows you to increase the speed of repair of the pipeline, by reducing the time required to change equipment, its relocation, which as a result reduces the cost of repair work. The main idea is to supplement the main equipment of the excavator with a structure consisting of three teeth, forming, in conjunction with the bucket, a gripping mechanism. To confirm the operability of the proposed design, theoretical studies were carried out aimed at determining the stability of the machine for the most dangerous design operating positions, and the permissible sizes (pipe sizes) were established, with which the stability of the machine is maintained.
Use of subminiature eddy current transducers for composite inspection
Authors: Malikov V , Ishkov A , Katasonov A , Dmitriev S , Fadeev D , Sagalakov A , Grigorev A
Published: February 2021

The sensor for studying composite materials of the metal-polyethylene-metal type was developed on the basic of the designed ultra-miniature eddy-current transducer. The test of the developed sensor was carried out on standard defects of composite materials in the form of an inhomogeneity defect in the metal and (or) polyethylene layer. This sensor uses the original converter design, produced according to the differential circuit with the ability to localize the contact area of the sensor and the material up to 0.1-0.5 mm2. The measurement procedure for detecting defects in composite materials is also given in the article. The article presents the correlations of the output signal of the developed sensor based on the aluminum-polyethylene-aluminum composite material, in which the defect was located. We also obtained standard images of model defects of a composite such as a layered discontinuity. The images obtained as a result of processing information from the developed sensor make it possible to draw conclusions about the topology of the field near violations of the internal structure, the type of this violation and its localization in layers of material.
The upgrade of peen forming equipment for long-sized aircraft parts
Authors: Pashkov A E , Malashchenko A Y , Pashkov A A , Duk A A
Published: February 2021

This article represents an overview of the main design and technological features of equipment for peen forming and grinding of long-sized parts of the aviation industry. Since the end of the 80s of the XX century, the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education INRTU has been working on the creation of equipment for the manufacture of large-sized panels and aircraft skins for the leading enterprises of the aviation industry of the Russian Federation. Totally there were 4 industrial units created, which proved their efficiency and competitiveness in the production process of TU-204, TU-334 and BE-200 aircrafts. Based on experience, a universal installation has been developed, which can be used as part of the equipment complex of the industry competence center for the shaping of large-sized aircraft parts.
Theoretical background of experimental methods for studying the influence of technical conditions of shock absorbers on lateral tire reactions
Authors: Tikhov-Tinnikov D A , Fedotov A I , Batzhargal N
Published: February 2021

The article studies the technical condition of shock absorbers which influences the occurrence of lateral reactions when the vehicle is passing through a single irregularity under the influence of lateral forces. The lateral reactions determine the properties of the directional and trajectory stability of the car. These properties allow us to consider lateral reactions as diagnostic parameters for the method of operational control of the technical condition of the suspension according to the stability criteria of the car. A mathematical model developed by the authors was applied. The model is based on the dynamics equations of the sprung and non-sprung masses, taking into account the technical condition of the shock absorbers. To describe the longitudinal and lateral reactions, the normalized slip function is used. The process of car movement around a circle was simulated with various parameters of the technical condition of the shock absorbers. Simulation results were processed using approximation and correlation analysis methods. The dependences of changes in the maximum value of lateral reactions on each wheel depending on the technical condition of shock absorbers were obtained. The presence of a strong correlation between the magnitude of the lateral reaction and the technical condition of its own shock absorber is established. Changing the technical condition of improper shock absorbers to a lesser extent affects the lateral reaction, but at the same time reduces the quality of diagnosis. Foundations of the method for conducting a road experiment were developed.
Integral criterion of the state of physical parameters of the surface layer of machine parts
Authors: Totay A V , Nagorkin M N
Published: February 2021

Exoelectronic emission, which is used as a non-destructive method for monitoring the parameters of the surface layer of parts, and the level of exoemission current from the machined surface, that is a complex criterion for the physical and chemical state of the metal have been studied. Correlations between the main parameters of the surface layer and exoemission are found.
Mathematical description of automobile headlight contamination when driving on a wet road
Authors: Vlasov V G , Fedotov A I , Gromalova V O , Gergenov S M
Published: February 2021

The article describes the process of contamination of automobile headlights in order to calculate contamination speed using a mathematical model. The authors published results of the study aimed at solving the problem of negative application of the CAIM (chemical anti-icing materials) on winter roads. In particular, it was found that when driving vehicles on winter roads covered with CAIM, the headlights become contaminated. The headlight contamination with dirty droplets from under the wheels of a vehicle ahead was analyzed. The detachment of droplets from the moving wheel and the path of droplets from the wheel to the headlights of the vehicle behind were analyzed and described. Process is studied of contaminant film formation which decreases light transmission was carried out. Road experiments were carried out. Along with the physicomathematical description of the process under consideration, they give new knowledge about headlight contamination depending on the vehicle speed. The mathematical model supplemented by the experimental study allows us to predict the rate of headlight contamination by the wheels of vehicles ahead when moving along roads covered with chemical anti-icing reagents depending on the speed and the distance between the vehicles.
Justification of the system parameters for alerting drivers about the emergency situation occurrence
Authors: Zeer V A , Grazhdantsev E V , Glukhikh R S , Avdeev R M , Elagin A I
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes the road traffic accident rate in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk territory. As a way to reduce traffic accident rate on road sections outside built-up areas, a system for alerting drivers in conditions of a lack of visual information about a possible emergency situation is proposed. The results of mathematical modeling and physical experiments are presented, which allow us to justify the values of the system parameters and algorithms for its functioning.
Modelling of the optimal height of the variable edge of a volumetric anti-filtration geotextile coating for restoring failed water supply structures
Authors: Bandurin M A , Bandurina I P , Vanzha V V , Pasnichenko P G , Tkachenko V T
Published: February 2021

This article presents the results of numerical modelling of the optimal height of the variable edge of a volumetric anti-filtration geotextile coating for the restoration of failed water supply structures. After a long period of operation, hydraulic structures continue to operate without scheduled repairs, so it is necessary to perform technical reconstruction of the structure on the basis of innovative, as well as previously proven repair technologies. Most of the long-term operated hydraulic structures in Russia are in unsatisfactory condition, requiring modernization and reconstruction. Volumetric anti-filtration geotextile coating is used for technical restoration of long-term water supply structures that have failed. The volumetric cellular structure is filled with soil and has a variable height of the edge from the ridge to the bottom of the slope. Operational reliability and durability of the volumetric coating are provided by a cellular structure with a variable ridge height, to eliminate the formation of landslides in the underlying soil and in the filling, as well as the loss of water for filtration. A solid-state model of the stress-strain state of a bulk anti-filtration geotextile coating was constructed. The number of elements and the number of units of the ensemble was 127830 and 102740, respectively. The source information was encoded in terms of the increment method, taking into account the fragmentary representation of a three-dimensional anti-filtration geotextile coating with a variable edge height in the form of simple geometric objects-plates. The work of the coating from the load from its own weight and filling the volume cells of the soil at various parameters was numerically modelled. The results obtained are adequate to the calculations and do not exceed the operational parameters of the design. Processing of the obtained simulation results showed the presence of minor displacements, both horizontally and vertically along the structure, which indicates the presence of a large margin of safety of the bulk anti-filtration geotextile coating.
Assessment of the adhesion strength of composite curved elements
Authors: Koryagin S I , Sharkov O V , Velikanov N L
Published: February 2021

Modern composites have good strength properties. But insufficient adhesive strength often leads to the delamination of a coating. The Poisson’s ratio, modulus of elasticity, and thermal coefficient of linear expansion are of particular importance among the characteristics of materials that determine different properties of the coating and metal. The ratio of metal and coating thicknesses is also important. The work suggests that the temperature deformations associated with the polymerization of a coating influence the process of delamination of the reinforced polymer coating. Evaluation of the potential of the proposed calculated dependencies was carried out according to the results of experiments. A polymer coating consisting of «Sprut-Plus» adhesive composition and a filler (T-11-GVS-9 glass fabric) was applied to a surface of St.3 steel. For experimental studies, the reinforced polymer coating was kept in water and machine oil for 100 days. The thickness of the coating was taken to be 10 mm, and the thickness of the metal - from 3 to 6 mm. Calculated and experimental dependences of radial stresses on the relative thickness of the polymer coating are obtained. An increase in radial stresses at the interface between the layers of the metal and the reinforced polymer coating after holding the composite material in water has been established; it does not exceed 10%. Analysis of the results showed that the destruction of the adhesive metal-polymer joint is more likely than that of the polymer-polymer adhesive joint. In addition, the radial stresses are at their maximum at the interfaces. Prospects for further research in this direction are associated with express methods of repairing metal structures of complex configuration. It is necessary to increase the efficiency and reliability of calculations of curved elements consisting of metal with a reinforced polymer coating. This can be achieved by a combination of experimental and theoretical research.
Description of information support of the automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment
Authors: Nebogin S A , Kondrat’ev V V , Gorovoy V O , Kononenko R V , Oparina T A
Published: February 2021

The information support of the automated control system for the technological process of thermal vortex enrichment is described. Solutions for the organization of information support, collection and transmission of information have been developed. A classification and coding system has been built. The intra-machine information base is organized according to the principle of dividing into high-level and low-level databases. It is possible to maintain an off-machine information base by creating reports for outputting information in the form of logs on paper. The composition of the information base in terms of databases is given.
Automation of the splitting-up processes of freight trains on the gravity sorting yards in the railway transport system
Authors: Olentsevich A A , Konyukhov V Yu , Guseva E A , Konstantinova M V , Olentsevich V A
Published: February 2021

The basic reasons for insufficient reduction of a number of safety violations in a railway transport network are systemic and are related to the current condition of the technical and technological base of transport complexes. Aging, poor conditions of fixed assets and errors in the maintenance of the transport system are in most cases the main causes of accidents and casualties. The basis for the automation of most technological railway processes is the redistribution of material, energy and information flows in accordance with the accepted criterion of optimality. According to the analysis of the statistics, this article reveals a problem that has a direct impact on the safety of train service and shunting operations in the railway transport system - that is, the number of railcars that has been damaged on public and non-public approach lines. The dependence of the number of damaged freight cars on the speed of their collision the splitting-up of the railcars on the gravity-sorting yard of the network railway stations has been determined. Automation of the technological sorting process in a single production cycle will provide the basis for the introduction of production management systems and railway management systems as a whole, while improving the safety of the transportation process itself and the production of shunting operations. In the conditions of high-speed traffic development and the introduction of innovative technologies, these requirements need to be tightened, including the widespread use of automated processes for the splitting-up of freight trains on the gravity sorting yards. Improving the operation of the freight classification yards is a major factor in accelerating and cheapening the transportation process. In recent years much attention has been paid to the automation of station operation processes, the use of advanced labor methods, the introduction of new equipment, without which the development of the station cannot ensure the efficiency of the industry as a whole. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, it is proposed to automate the process of splitting-up freight trains on the gravity-sorting yard. For this purpose, it is necessary to equip the gravity sorting yards of railway stations with a comprehensive system of the sorting process control automation.
Mathematical modelling of operation of the hydraulic support system of the powered support sections with impulse-free continuous regulation of its resistance to the roof rock lowering
Authors: Gabov V V , Babyr N V , Zadkov D A
Published: February 2021

The article describes the mathematical model of a hydraulic support system of the powered support sections with impulse-free continuous regulation of its resistance to the roof rock lowering. Safety valves of the hydraulic support perform only protective functions. Mathematical modeling was carried out using the Runge-Kutta method and the Wolfram Mathematica computer algebra system. The results of modeling the transient process of the hydraulic support system with a built-in block for regulating its resistance during impulse loading of the support section with a collapsed roof rock block at “Polosukhinskaya” mine are presented.
Formation of “undercuts” on titanium case parts
Authors: Lavrentyeva M V , Mironenko V V
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a variant of the formation of a part from a hard-to-form case. The calculation of the required area of the movable clamp depending on the stresses arising during the formation of the “undercut” is performed. The results of real and virtual experiments are presented. The conclusions about the applicability of the technology and the advantages that the use of a movable clamp gives are made.
A 3D-printed microfluidic platform for simulating the effects of CPAP on the nasal epithelium
Authors: Shrestha Jesus , Ryan Sean Thomas , Mills Oliver , Zhand Sareh , Razavi Bazaz Sajad , Hansbro Philip Michael , Ghadiri Maliheh , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid
Published: February 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder that involves a decrease or complete cessation of airflow during sleep. It occurs when the muscles supporting the soft tissues in the throat relax during sleep, causing narrowing or closure of the upper airway. Sleep apnea is a serious medical condition with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and impaired quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe cases of OSA and is effective in mild sleep apnea. However, CPAP therapy is associated with the development of several nasal side effects and is inconvenient for the user, leading to low compliance rates. The effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, as well as the pathogenesis of side effects, are incompletely understood and not adequately researched. To better understand the effects of CPAP treatment on the upper respiratory system, we developed an in vitro 3D-printed microfluidic platform. A nasal epithelial cell line, RPMI 2650, was then exposed to certain conditions to mimic the in vivo environment. To create these conditions, the microfluidic device was utilized to expose nasal epithelial cells grown and differentiated at the air–liquid interface. The airflow was similar to what is experienced with CPAP, with pressure ranging between 0 and 20 cm of H2O. Cells exposed to pressure showed decreased barrier integrity, change in cellular shape, and increased cell death (lactate dehydrogenase release into media) compared to unstressed cells. Stressed cells also showed increased secretions of inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-8 and had increased production of ATP. Our results suggest that stress induced by airflow leads to structural, metabolic, and inflammatory changes in the nasal epithelium, which may be responsible for developing nasal side-effects following CPAP treatment.
An interfacial self-assembling bioink for the manufacturing of capillary-like structures with tuneable and anisotropic permeability
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , Fortunato Gabriele Maria , Okesola Babatunde O , Brocchetti Francesco Luigi Pellerej Di , Suntornnond Ratima , Connelly John , De Maria Carmelo , Rodriguez-Cabello Jose Carlos , Vozzi Giovanni , Wang Wen , Mata Alvaro
Published: February 2021

Self-assembling bioinks offer the possibility to biofabricate with molecular precision, hierarchical control, and biofunctionality. For this to become a reality with widespread impact, it is essential to engineer these ink systems ensuring reproducibility and providing suitable standardization. We have reported a self-assembling bioink based on disorder-to-order transitions of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) to co-assemble with graphene oxide (GO). Here, we establish reproducible processes, optimize printing parameters for its use as a bioink, describe new advantages that the self-assembling bioink can provide, and demonstrate how to fabricate novel structures with physiological relevance. We fabricate capillary-like structures with resolutions down to ∼10 µm in diameter and ∼2 µm thick tube walls and use both experimental and finite element analysis to characterize the printing conditions, underlying interfacial diffusion-reaction mechanism of assembly, printing fidelity, and material porosity and permeability. We demonstrate the capacity to modulate the pore size and tune the permeability of the resulting structures with and without human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Finally, the potential of the ELR-GO bioink to enable supramolecular fabrication of biomimetic structures was demonstrated by printing tubes exhibiting walls with progressively different structure and permeability.
Investigation of natural fibre metal laminate as car front hood
Authors: Ishak Noordiana Mohd , Dhar Malingam Sivakumar , Mansor Muhd Ridzuan , Razali Nadlene , Mustafa Zaleha , Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad
Published: February 2021

Due to the increasing awareness on environmental impact and the needs towards sustainability, weight reduction of the vehicles is one of the most promising solutions to improve fuel efficiency towards achieving the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Fibre metal laminate is one of the lightweight material that inherits advantages of metal and fibre reinforced composite. Therefore, the drive of this study is to determine the effect of water absorption on tensile properties, thickness swelling and forming analysis of the natural fibre metal laminate. Fabrication of natural fibre metal laminate consists of two layers of kenaf woven fabric in polypropylene matrix and aluminium 5052-O as the skin. The results show that the natural fibre metal laminate absorbs 0.67% water and has 0.91% thickness swelling. The water content has minimal effect on the tensile properties of the natural fibre metal laminate. While for the forming analysis, the natural fibre metal laminate has higher formability compared to an aluminium sheet and has a higher potential to be formed into complex shape.
Creation of double-well potentials in a surface-electrode trap towards a nanofriction model emulator
Authors: Tanaka U , Nakamura M , Hayasaka K , Bautista-Salvador A , Ospelkaus C , Mehlstäubler T E
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap that is applicable as a nanofriction emulator and studies of many-body dynamics of interacting systems. The trap enables both single-well and double-well trapping potentials in the radial direction, where the distance between the two potential wells can be adjusted by the applied RF voltage. In the double-well configuration, parallel ion strings can be formed, which is a suitable system for the emulation of the Frenkel–Kontorova (FK) model. We derive the condition under which the trap functions as an FK model emulator. The trap is designed so that the Coulomb interaction between two ion strings becomes significant. We report on the microfabrication process for such downsized trap electrodes and experimental results of single-well and double-well operation with calcium ions. With the trap demonstrated in this work we can create atomically accessible, self-assembled Coulomb systems with a wide tuning range of the corrugation parameter in the FK model. This makes it a promising system for quantum simulations, but also for the study of nanofriction in one and higher dimensional systems.
MHD Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson nanofluid due to a rotating disk with thermal radiation and Arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Bariq Abdul
Published: February 2021

In this research article, three-dimensional Casson nanofluid under influences of Arrhenius stimulation energy and thermal radiation is considered. The flow is induced by a turning disk. Temperature, velocity, and concentration slips at the outward of the turning disk are deliberated. The effect of Brownian movement and thermophoresis is examined due to the nanosized particles in a Casson fluid dispersed over the turning disk. The appropriate transformation methods for reducing a set of Partial differential equations (PDEs) to nonlinear Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and further solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Numerical simulation using Schmidt number, magnetic, Casson, Brownian movement, and thermophoresis parameters on outspread, temperature, tangential velocities, and nanoparticles are portrayed. Local Nusselt number, Skin friction, and Sherwood number are plotted and investigated. The graphical results show that the tangential velocity of nanofluids decreases because of an addition in Reynolds’ number, while the radial velocity displays the converse patterns. The tangential and radial velocities reduce with the increment magnetic factor. It is also perceived that an augmentation in estimations of radiation parameters enhances the heat transfer rate. Increasing the values of non-dimensional activation energy raises the mass transfer rate.
Experimental tests of indicators for the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation
Authors: Capart Antoine , Ikegaya Shunsuke , Okada Eiji , Machida Manabu , Hoshi Yoko
Published: February 2021

The diffusion approximation has been one of the central topics in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). When NIRS measurements are analyzed by the diffusion theory, the measurements must be performed in the diffusive regime. However, since most of past researches have focused on theoretical or qualitative nature of the diffusion approximation, it is not easy to know if each measurement is designed in the diffusive regime. In this paper, we consider the diffusion approximation quantitatively and propose indicators that quantify the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation. The difference between the measurement and diffusion theory can be evaluated with the χ
2 value, ℓ
1 and ℓ
2 norms, and Kullback-Leibler divergence. We conduct a liquid phantom experiment to test the proposed χ
2 value. Moreover, the χ
2 value is further investigated by Monte Carlo simulations. We find the χ
2 value becomes significantly large when measurements are performed in the nondiffusive or transport regime. The proposed indicators similarly work. In particular, the χ
2 value is shown to work as an indicator which evaluates the degree of validness of the diffusion approximation. These indicators are general and can be used for different numerical, experimental, and clinical measurements in NIRS.