bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altered neural cell junctions and ion-channels leading to disrupted neuron communication in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Choudhury Saptamita Paul , Bano Sarika , Sen Srijon , Suchal Kapil , Kumar Saroj , Nikolajeff Fredrik , Dey Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Vaibhav
Published: June 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects the movement of the human body. It is primarily characterized by reduced dopamine levels in the brain. The causative agent of PD is still unclear but it is generally accepted that α-synuclein has a central role to play. It is also known that gap-junctions and associated connexins are complicated structures that play critical roles in nervous system signaling and associated misfunctioning. Thus, our current article emphasizes how, alongside α-synuclein, ion-channels, gap-junctions, and related connexins, all play vital roles in influencing multiple metabolic activities of the brain during PD. It also highlights that ion-channel and gap-junction disruptions, which are primarily mediated by their structural-functional changes and alterations, have a role in PD. Furthermore, we discussed available drugs and advanced therapeutic interventions that target Parkinson’s pathogenesis. In conclusion, it warrants creating better treatments for PD patients. Although, dopaminergic replenishment therapy is useful in treating neurological problems, such therapies are, however, unable to control the degeneration that underpins the disease, thereby declining their overall efficacy. This creates an additional challenge and an untapped scope for neurologists to adopt treatments for PD by targeting the ion-channels and gap-junctions, which is well-reviewed in the present article.
Automatic language analysis identifies and predicts schizophrenia in first-episode of psychosis
Authors: Figueroa-Barra Alicia , Del Aguila Daniel , Cerda Mauricio , Gaspar Pablo A. , Terissi Lucas D. , Durán Manuel , Valderrama Camila
Published: June 2022

Automated language analysis of speech has been shown to distinguish healthy control (HC) vs chronic schizophrenia (SZ) groups, yet the predictive power on first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) and the generalization to non-English speakers remain unclear. We performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal (18 months) automated language analysis in 133 Spanish-speaking subjects from three groups: healthy control or HC (n = 49), FEP (n = 40), and chronic SZ (n = 44). Interviews were manually transcribed, and the analysis included 30 language features (4 verbal fluency; 20 verbal productivity; 6 semantic coherence). Our cross-sectional analysis showed that using the top ten ranked and decorrelated language features, an automated HC vs SZ classification achieved 85.9% accuracy. In our longitudinal analysis, 28 FEP patients were diagnosed with SZ at the end of the study. Here, combining demographics, PANSS, and language information, the prediction accuracy reached 77.5% mainly driven by semantic coherence information. Overall, we showed that language features from Spanish-speaking clinical interviews can distinguish HC vs chronic SZ, and predict SZ diagnosis in FEP patients.
Realizing the symmetry-protected Haldane phase in Fermi–Hubbard ladders
Authors: Sompet Pimonpan , Hirthe Sarah , Bourgund Dominik , Chalopin Thomas , Bibo Julian , Koepsell Joannis , Bojović Petar , Verresen Ruben , Pollmann Frank , Salomon Guillaume , Gross Christian , Hilker Timon A. , Bloch Immanuel
Published: June 2022

Topology in quantum many-body systems has profoundly changed our understanding of quantum phases of matter. The model that has played an instrumental role in elucidating these effects is the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Haldane chain1,2. Its ground state is a disordered state, with symmetry-protected fourfold-degenerate edge states due to fractional spin excitations. In the bulk, it is characterized by vanishing two-point spin correlations, gapped excitations and a characteristic non-local order parameter3,4. More recently it has been understood that the Haldane chain forms a specific example of a more general classification scheme of symmetry-protected topological phases of matter, which is based on ideas connected to quantum information and entanglement5–7. Here, we realize a finite-temperature version of such a topological Haldane phase with Fermi–Hubbard ladders in an ultracold-atom quantum simulator. We directly reveal both edge and bulk properties of the system through the use of single-site and particle-resolved measurements, as well as non-local correlation functions. Continuously changing the Hubbard interaction strength of the system enables us to investigate the robustness of the phase to charge (density) fluctuations far from the regime of the Heisenberg model, using a novel correlator.
Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor
Authors: Madsen Lars S. , Laudenbach Fabian , Askarani Mohsen Falamarzi. , Rortais Fabien , Vincent Trevor , Bulmer Jacob F. F. , Miatto Filippo M. , Neuhaus Leonhard , Helt Lukas G. , Collins Matthew J. , Lita Adriana E. , Gerrits Thomas , Nam Sae Woo , Vaidya Varun D. , Menotti Matteo , Dhand Ish , Vernon Zachary , Quesada Nicolás , Lavoie Jonathan
Published: June 2022

A quantum computer attains computational advantage when outperforming the best classical computers running the best-known algorithms on well-defined tasks. No photonic machine offering programmability over all its quantum gates has demonstrated quantum computational advantage: previous machines1,2 were largely restricted to static gate sequences. Earlier photonic demonstrations were also vulnerable to spoofing3, in which classical heuristics produce samples, without direct simulation, lying closer to the ideal distribution than do samples from the quantum hardware. Here we report quantum computational advantage using Borealis, a photonic processor offering dynamic programmability on all gates implemented. We carry out Gaussian boson sampling4 (GBS) on 216 squeezed modes entangled with three-dimensional connectivity5, using a time-multiplexed and photon-number-resolving architecture. On average, it would take more than 9,000 years for the best available algorithms and supercomputers to produce, using exact methods, a single sample from the programmed distribution, whereas Borealis requires only 36 μs. This runtime advantage is over 50 million times as extreme as that reported from earlier photonic machines. Ours constitutes a very large GBS experiment, registering events with up to 219 photons and a mean photon number of 125. This work is a critical milestone on the path to a practical quantum computer, validating key technological features of photonics as a platform for this goal.
Discovery of non-squalene triterpenes
Authors: Tao Hui , Lauterbach Lukas , Bian Guangkai , Chen Rong , Hou Anwei , Mori Takahiro , Cheng Shu , Hu Ben , Lu Li , Mu Xin , Li Min , Adachi Naruhiko , Kawasaki Masato , Moriya Toshio , Senda Toshiya , Wang Xinghuan , Deng Zixin , Abe Ikuro , Dickschat Jeroen S. , Liu Tiangang
Published: June 2022

All known triterpenes are generated by triterpene synthases (TrTSs) from squalene or oxidosqualene1. This approach is fundamentally different from the biosynthesis of short-chain (C10–C25) terpenes that are formed from polyisoprenyl diphosphates2–4. In this study, two fungal chimeric class I TrTSs,Talaromyces verruculosustalaropentaene synthase (TvTS) andMacrophomina phaseolinamacrophomene synthase (MpMS), were characterized. Both enzymes use dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate or hexaprenyl diphosphate as substrates, representing the first examples, to our knowledge, of non-squalene-dependent triterpene biosynthesis. The cyclization mechanisms of TvTS and MpMS and the absolute configurations of their products were investigated in isotopic labelling experiments. Structural analyses of the terpene cyclase domain of TvTS and full-length MpMS provide detailed insights into their catalytic mechanisms. An AlphaFold2-based screening platform was developed to mine a third TrTS,Colletotrichum gloeosporioidescolleterpenol synthase (CgCS). Our findings identify a new enzymatic mechanism for the biosynthesis of triterpenes and enhance understanding of terpene biosynthesis in nature.
The longitudinal dynamics and natural history of clonal haematopoiesis
Authors: Fabre Margarete A. , de Almeida José Guilherme , Fiorillo Edoardo , Mitchell Emily , Damaskou Aristi , Rak Justyna , Orrù Valeria , Marongiu Michele , Chapman Michael Spencer , Vijayabaskar M. S. , Baxter Joanna , Hardy Claire , Abascal Federico , Williams Nicholas , Nangalia Jyoti , Martincorena Iñigo , Campbell Peter J. , McKinney Eoin F. , Cucca Francesco , Gerstung Moritz , Vassiliou George S.
Published: June 2022

Clonal expansions driven by somatic mutations become pervasive across human tissues with age, including in the haematopoietic system, where the phenomenon is termed clonal haematopoiesis1–4. The understanding of how and when clonal haematopoiesis develops, the factors that govern its behaviour, how it interacts with ageing and how these variables relate to malignant progression remains limited5,6. Here we track 697 clonal haematopoiesis clones from 385 individuals 55 years of age or older over a median of 13 years. We find that 92.4% of clones expanded at a stable exponential rate over the study period, with different mutations driving substantially different growth rates, ranging from 5% (DNMT3A and TP53) to more than 50% per year (SRSF2P95H). Growth rates of clones with the same mutation differed by approximately ±5% per year, proportionately affecting slow drivers more substantially. By combining our time-series data with phylogenetic analysis of 1,731 whole-genome sequences of haematopoietic colonies from 7 individuals from an older age group, we reveal distinct patterns of lifelong clonal behaviour. DNMT3A-mutant clones preferentially expanded early in life and displayed slower growth in old age, in the context of an increasingly competitive oligoclonal landscape. By contrast, splicing gene mutations drove expansion only later in life, whereas TET2-mutant clones emerged across all ages. Finally, we show that mutations driving faster clonal growth carry a higher risk of malignant progression. Our findings characterize the lifelong natural history of clonal haematopoiesis and give fundamental insights into the interactions between somatic mutation, ageing and clonal selection.
C﻿ommunicating doctors’ consensus persistently increases COVID-19 vaccinations
Authors: Bartoš Vojtěch , Bauer Michal , Cahlíková Jana , Chytilová Julie
Published: June 2022

The reluctance of people to get vaccinated represents a fundamental challenge to containing the spread of deadly infectious diseases1,2, including COVID-19. Identifying misperceptions that can fuel vaccine hesitancy and creating effective communication strategies to overcome them are a global public health priority3–5. Medical doctors are a trusted source of advice about vaccinations6, but media reports may create an inaccurate impression that vaccine controversy is prevalent among doctors, even when a broad consensus exists7,8. Here we show that public misperceptions about the views of doctors on the COVID-19 vaccines are widespread, and correcting them increases vaccine uptake. We implement a survey among 9,650 doctors in the Czech Republic and find that 90% of doctors trust the vaccines. Next, we show that 90% of respondents in a nationally representative sample (n = 2,101) underestimate doctors’ trust; the most common belief is that only 50% of doctors trust the vaccines. Finally, we integrate randomized provision of information about the true views held by doctors into a longitudinal data collection that regularly monitors vaccination status over 9 months. The treatment recalibrates beliefs and leads to a persistent increase in vaccine uptake. The approach demonstrated in this paper shows how the engagement of professional medical associations, with their unparalleled capacity to elicit individual views of doctors on a large scale, can help to create a cheap, scalable intervention that has lasting positive impacts on health behaviour.
GriddingMachine, a database and software for Earth system modeling at global and regional scales
Authors: Wang Yujie , Köhler Philipp , Braghiere Renato K. , Longo Marcos , Doughty Russell , Bloom A. Anthony , Frankenberg Christian
Published: June 2022

Land and Earth system modeling is moving towards more explicit biophysical representations, requiring increasing variety of datasets for initialization and benchmarking. However, researchers often have difficulties in identifying and integrating non-standardized datasets from various sources. We aim towards a standardized database and one-stop distribution method of global datasets. Here, we present the GriddingMachine as (1) a database of global-scale datasets commonly used to parameterize or benchmark the models, from plant traits to vegetation indices and geophysical information and (2) a cross-platform open source software to download and request a subset of datasets with only a few lines of code. The GriddingMachine datasets can be accessed either manually through traditional HTTP, or automatically using modern programming languages including Julia, Matlab, Octave, Python, and R. The GriddingMachine collections can be used for any land and Earth modeling framework and ecological research at the regional and global scales, and the number of datasets will continue to grow to meet the increasing needs of research communities.
Effect of sample density in prompt γ-ray analysis
Authors: Maeda Makoto , Segawa Mariko , Toh Yosuke , Endo Shunsuke , Nakamura Shoji , Kimura Atsushi
Published: June 2022

A high-accuracy analytical method is broadly required to obtain reliable research results. Thus, prompt γ-ray analysis (PGA), one of the most accurate non-destructive analytical methods, has been employed in various fields. However, the measurement accuracy of PGA is also known to degrade in hydrogenous samples. The degradation is caused by variation in the measurement sensitivity (counts per milligram) following the change in neutron energy due to scattering with hydrogen nucleus. Number of scatterings is well known to depend on the hydrogen content in a sample. However, considering multiple scatterings, hydrogen density, which has not been taken into account as yet, may also lead to the accuracy degradation. Here, we show the effect of the hydrogen density in PGA by evaluating the measurement sensitivity of samples with the same hydrogen content and different densities. We find that the measurement sensitivity varies by more than 30% depending on the hydrogen density even at the same hydrogen content. The variation is a particularly serious problem for PGA requiring a few percent accuracy in most cases. Additionally, although the variation is apparently observed in hydrogenous samples, the similar phenomenon can occur in other nuclides with a large scattering cross section; it may affect nuclear cross-section measurements using neutrons in such fields as astrophysics and nuclear energy.
Mini-open carpal tunnel release: technique, feasibility and clinical outcome compared to the conventional procedure in a long-term follow-up
Authors: Schwarz Angelika M. , Lipnik Georg , Hohenberger Gloria M. , Krauss Aurel , Plecko Michael
Published: June 2022

We sought to evaluate the findings of our anatomically landmarks based mini-open procedure (MCTR) through a palmar approach and to compare its outcome and practicability to the conventional method (OCTR). The study consisted of 100 matched patients (n = 50 MCTR, n = 50 OCTR) with a minimum follow-up of three years. The outcome was characterized via the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH), Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), Functional Status Scale (FSC), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). All adverse events were observed. An alpha of 0.05 and a confidence level of 95% were set for statistical analyses. Both techniques showed comparable functional results in a long-term period (mean follow-up MCTR: 60 months and OCTR: 54 months). MCTR versus OCTR at mean: DASH: 4.6/8.3 (p = 0.398), SSS: 1.3/1.2 (p = 0.534), FSC: 1.3/1.2 (p = 0.617), VAS: 0.4/0.7 (p = 0.246). The MCTR convinced through a lower rate of scar sensibility (MCTR: 0% vs. OCTR: 12%, 0/50 vs. 6/50; p = 0.007) and pillar pain, as well as a shortened recovery period and surgical time relative to the OCTR. Low complication rates were observed in both groups, no recurrences had to be documented. The MCTR procedure revealed a similar good clinical outcome as the conventional technique. MCTR is a minimally-invasive, reliable, fast and simple procedure with an obvious benefit regarding scar sensibility.
A novel environmental nano-catalyst of zeolite amended with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles decorated carbon paste electrode for electro-oxidation of propylene glycol
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , Fekry Amany M.
Published: June 2022

A novel environmental nano-catalyst based on zeolite (ZE) adjusted with carbon nanotube/silver nanoparticles (Ag/CNT) ornamented carbon paste electrode (CPE) is used for electrochemical oxidation of propylene glycol (PG) in 0.5 M H2SO4solution. The techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are utilized to achieve the catalytic activity performance. Surface characteristics are achieved by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques. Enhancing the loading magnitude of CNT into catalyst's ingredient can meaningfully develop the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst towards propylene oxidation. The impact of altering the concentration of propylene glycol and the scanning rate on the resulting electrocatalyst performance during the oxidation cycle is considered. Chronoamperograms present an amplify of the steady state oxidation current density values after addition of these nano-catalysts. A promising catalytic stability of nano-catalyst has been achieved in electing its use for propylene glycol electro-oxidation in fuel cells applications.
Personality and fatigue: meta-analysis of seven prospective studies
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Canada Brice , Terracciano Antonio
Published: June 2022

The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the five major personality traits and fatigue. Participants were adults aged 16–104 years old (N > 40,000 at baseline) from the Health and Retirement Study, the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study graduate and sibling samples, the National Health and Aging Trends Survey, the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Personality traits, fatigue, demographic factors, and other covariates were assessed at baseline, and fatigue was assessed again 5–20 years later. Across all samples, higher neuroticism was related to a higher risk of concurrent (meta-analytic OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.62–1.86) and incident (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.29–1.48) fatigue. Higher extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were associated with a lower likelihood of concurrent (meta-analytic OR range 0.67–0.86) and incident (meta-analytic OR range 0.80–0.92) fatigue. Self-rated health and physical inactivity partially accounted for these associations. There was little evidence that age or gender moderated these associations. This study provides consistent evidence that personality is related to fatigue. Higher neuroticism and lower extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are risk factors for fatigue.
Population density mediates induced immune response, but not physiological condition in a well-adapted urban bird
Authors: Kamiński Maciej , Chyb Amelia , Minias Piotr
Published: June 2022

Thriving under high population density is considered a major feature of urban exploiter species. Nevertheless, population density appears to be a surprisingly overlooked factor in urban ecology studies. High population numbers observed in urban species might promote pathogen transmission and negatively affect health or condition, thus requiring investments in immunocompetence. The feral pigeonColumba livia domesticais an example of a successful city-dweller, found in great abundance in large cities across the globe. We investigated the effects of population density on induced immune response (phytohaemagglutinin skin test) and body condition (blood haemoglobin concentration and size-corrected body mass) in 120 feral pigeons, captured along population density gradient in Łódź (central Poland). We found that stronger immune response was associated with higher population density, but was not related to physiological condition and physiological stress (heterophil/lymphocyte ratio). Moreover, condition indices were not associated with population density. However, since pigeon population density was highly correlated with the level of habitat urbanization, we cannot exclude that any density-dependent effects may be mediated by habitat variation. Our results indicate that urban environment, via population density, might exert different selective pressures on immunocompetence and body condition in this successful urban exploiter.
Impacts of the properties heterogeneity on 3D magnetic dusty nanofluids flow in porous enclosures with cylinders
Authors: Rashed Z. Z.
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the controlling of the three dimensional dusty nanofluid flow using the two circular cylinders having different thermal conditions. The cylinders are located in the middle area while the location of the right cylinder is changeable. The 3D (three dimensional) cubic flow domain is filled by a non-Darcy porous medium and a magnetic field in Z-direction is taken place. The non-homogeneous two phase model of the nanofluid is applied while the permeability and thermal conductivity of the porous medium are assumed heterogonous. The current situation is represented by two systems of the equations for the nanofluid and dusty phases. The solutions methodology is depending on the 3D SIMPLE scheme together with the finite volume method. Here, It is focused on the distance between the cylinders $$\delta\, (0.3\le \delta \le 0.6)$$

δ

(
0.3
≤
δ
≤
0.6
)

, the Darcy number $$Da\, ({10}^{-2}\le Da\le {10}^{-5})$$

D
a

(

10

-
2

≤
D
a
≤

10

-
5

)

, the dusty parameter $${\alpha }_{d}\,(0.001\le {\alpha }_{d}\le 0.1)$$

α
d

(
0.001
≤

α
d

≤
0.1
)

, the average nano-parameter $${\phi }_{av}\,(0.01\le {\phi }_{av}\le 0.03)$$

ϕ

av

(
0.01
≤

ϕ

av

≤
0.03
)

. The major outcomes indicating to that the flow can be well controlled using the inner isothermal cylinders. Also, the cases of the heterogeneity in $$X{-}Y$$

X
-
Y

and $$X{-}Z$$

X
-
Z

directions give the lowest values of $${Nu}_{av}$$

Nu

av

. Both the flow and heat transfer rate are enhanced as $$\delta $$
δ
is increased.
Ablation of the miRNA cluster 24 in cartilage and osteoblasts impairs bone remodeling
Authors: Georgieva Veronika S. , Bluhm Björn , Probst Kristina , Zhu Mengjie , Heilig Juliane , Niehoff Anja , Brachvogel Bent
Published: June 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate cartilage and bone development and function, however, only few miRNAs have been described to play a role for cartilage to bone transition in vivo. Previously, we showed that cartilage-specific deletion of the Mirc24 cluster in newborn male mice leads to impaired growth plate cartilage development due to increased RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and affects the stability of the cartilage extracellular matrix on account of decreased SOX6 and SOX9 and increased MMP13 levels. Here, we studied how Mirc24 cluster inactivation in cartilage and osteoblasts leads to an increased bone density associated with defects in collagen remodeling in trabecular bone. No changes in osteoblast distribution were observed, whereas the number of osteoclasts was reduced and TRAP activity in osteoclasts decreased. Surprisingly, an increased level of cluster-encoded miR-322 or miR-503 raises Rankl gene expression and inactivation of the cluster in chondrocytes reduces Rankl expression. These results suggest that the Mirc24 cluster regulates Rankl expression in chondrocytes at the chondro-osseous border, where the cluster is mainly expressed to modulate osteoclast formation, bone remodeling and bone integrity.
A high-throughput study of visceral organs in CT-scanned pigs
Authors: Nordbø Øyvind , Sagevik Rune , Kongsro Jørgen , Mikkelsen Kevin , Gjuvsland Arne B. , Gaustad Ann-Helen , Olsen Dan , Remme Espen W. , Grindflek Eli
Published: June 2022

It has been debated whether intensive selection for growth and carcass yield in pig breeding programmes can affect the size of internal organs, and thereby reduce the animal’s ability to handle stress and increase the risk of sudden deaths. To explore the respiratory and circulatory system in pigs, a deep learning based computational pipeline was built to extract the size of lungs and hearts from CT-scan images. This pipeline was applied on CT images from 11,000 boar selection candidates acquired during the last decade. Further, heart and lung volumes were analysed genetically and correlated with production traits. Both heart and lung volumes were heritable, with h2 estimated to 0.35 and 0.34, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.28 and 0.4 in Duroc. Both volumes were positively correlated with lean meat percentage, and lung volume was negatively genetically correlated with growth (rg = − 0.48 ± 0.07 for Landrace and rg = − 0.44 ± 0.07 for Duroc). The main findings suggest that the current pig breeding programs could, as an indirect response to selection, affect the size of hearts- and lungs. The presented methods can be used to monitor the development of internal organs in the future.
Ladder of Eckhaus instabilities and parametric conversion in chi(2) microresonators
Authors: Puzyrev Danila N. , Skryabin Dmitry V.
Published: June 2022

Low loss microresonators have revolutionised nonlinear and quantum optics over the past decade. In particular, microresonators with the second order, chi(2), nonlinearity have the advantages of broad spectral tunability and low power frequency conversion. Recent observations have highlighted that the parametric frequency conversion in chi(2) microresonators is accompanied by stepwise changes in the signal and idler frequencies. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms and development of the theory underpinning this behaviour is timely. Here, we report that the stepwise frequency conversion originates from the discrete sequence of the so-called Eckhaus instabilities. After discovering these instabilities in fluid dynamics in the 1960s, they have become a broadly spread interdisciplinary concept. Now, we demonstrate that the Eckhaus mechanism also underpins the ladder-like structure of the frequency tuning curves in chi(2) microresonators.
Success of post-fire plant recovery strategies varies with shifting fire seasonality
Authors: Tangney Ryan , Paroissien Ruby , Le Breton Tom D. , Thomsen Alexandria , Doyle Chantelle A. T. , Ondik Mercedes , Miller Russell G. , Miller Ben P. , Ooi Mark K. J.
Published: June 2022

Wildfires are increasing in size and severity and fire seasons are lengthening, largely driven by climate and land-use change. Many plant species from fire-prone ecosystems are adapted to specific fire regimes corresponding to historical conditions and shifts beyond these bounds may have severe impacts on vegetation recovery and long-term species persistence. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis of field-based studies across different vegetation types and climate regions to investigate how post-fire plant recruitment, reproduction and survival are affected by fires that occur outside of the historical fire season. We find that fires outside of the historical fire season may lead to decreased post-fire recruitment, particularly in obligate seeding species. Conversely, we find a general increase in post-fire survival in resprouting species. Our results highlight the trade-offs that exist when considering the effects of changes in the seasonal timing of fire, an already present aspect of climate-related fire regime change.
Spreading and Drying of Drops and Art
Authors: Giorgiutti-Dauphiné F. , Sugawara-Beda N. , Pauchard L.
Published: June 2022

Drops of complex fluids (suspensions or solutions of macromolecules) are present in art at different levels. Specific painting techniques entitled “splatter painting” or “drip painting” involve drops or threads of paint, respectively, splashing or streaming from a brush to form drops on the substrate. These techniques lead to specific patterns and morphologies that fluid mechanics can qualitatively and quantitatively explain. In particular, watercolour paintings where water-based inks are traditionally deposited over porous and absorbent papers bring additional complexity that lies in the spreading, imbibition and drying processes. In the first part of this chapter patterns encountered in paintings are presented and associated with physical mechanisms. In this way model systems are used to explain and characterise the physical phenomena. This section particularly shows the point of view of a visual artist and that of scientists. In the second part, sessile drops of complex liquids are considered. The drying process is a way to explore physical processes that emerge during the ageing process of paint layers. In particular, the drying of sessile drops captures some mechanical instabilities such as cracking or wrinkling and plays the role of a “small lab” to highlight particular alterations in paintings.
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Berry Bioavailable Polyphenol Metabolites
Authors: Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic Natasa , Carregosa Diogo , Nunes dos Santos Cláudia
Published: June 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect millions of people worldwide and due to the aging population, these numbers will steadily grow. Several mechanisms underlying NDDs have been proposed, such as protein aggregation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, among others, yet new drugs fail to tackle all these mechanisms. Berries and their bioactive (poly)phenols have been vastly described as potential modulators of such mechanisms, with great nutritional potential. Notwithstanding, berry consumption leads to the creation of a vast array of microbiota (poly)phenol metabolites that have been proven to affect these mechanisms. Herein we will discuss the mechanisms of several NDDs and the potential of berry flavonoids, in particular anthocyanins, and their metabolites in tackling the mechanisms behind the onset and the progression of NDDs in an effort to elucidate potential targets and new trends in the future of neurodegenerative research.
The Role and Mechanisms of Berries and Berry Bioactive Compounds in Cancer
Authors: Kristo Aleksandra S. , Sikalidis Angelos K.
Published: June 2022

Berries have been consumed as part of the human diet for thousands of years. Relatively recently, however, their biological properties in relation to cancer inhibition and prevention have been realized. Original research by a number of sources has attributed a series of chemopreventative functions to a plethora of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonoids, extending a panoply of anti-cancer defense. While the mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, there is clear evidence indicating that interference with oxidative stress and inflammation are critical ways through which berry constituents exert their health benefits. Even though there is a high number of in vitro and in vivo studies both consistently indicating an array of beneficial effects for berries against cancer, highlighting some mechanisms including reactive species scavenging and inflammasome suppression, there is markedly limited clinical research corroborating the previous level findings. Moreover, it appears challenging to identify dietary doses and establish recommendations in this regard. Additionally, a commonly accepted evaluation/assessment system regarding berry effectiveness, potency, and efficiency in terms of positively impacting health outcomes is also lacking. More research is warranted in order to address some of the aforementioned points, especially when thinking toward establishing strategies and schemes of preventive and/or therapeutic nature.
The Role of Berries and Their Bioactive Compounds on Obesity-induced Inflammation
Authors: Del Bo’ C. , Vendrame S. , Martini D. , Riso P. , Klimis-Zacas D.
Published: June 2022

Overweight and obesity are metabolic disorders affecting more than 40% of middle-aged adults in the world. Obesity represents the major risk factor for chronic inflammation and a number of diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome. In addition, obesity is associated with numerous deaths worldwide for heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers. Diet represents one of the main modifiable factors for the onset and progression of obesity and related diseases. In the last decade, particular attention has been paid to the study of the potential anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity of berries. Berries are rich in numerous phytochemicals, in particular polyphenols, the bioactivity in vitro and in vivo of which has been largely investigated. This chapter provides a review of the last 20 years of human intervention studies performed on the relationship between the intake of berries and the capacity to counteract obesity-induced inflammation. The data available indicate that berries may help in mitigating the inflammatory state in overweight/obese subjects without having a direct effect on obesity; however, the evidence is still limited in particular when the contribution of single berries as part of the overall diet of individuals is considered. Thus, the inclusion of berries in the diet may contribute to the health benefits deriving from a healthy dietary pattern.
Time-dependent wave packet dynamics study of the resonances in the H + LiH+(v = 0, j = 0) → Li+ + H2 reaction at low collision energies
Authors: Mao Ye , Buren Bayaer , Yang Zijiang , Chen Maodu
Published: June 2022

The first report of two dynamical resonances in the H + LiH+ reaction at collision energies below 10 meV is presented.
Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: where are we after two decades?
Authors: Vallet-Regí María , Schüth Ferdi , Lozano Daniel , Colilla Montserrat , Manzano Miguel
Published: June 2022

This review details the huge progress in the design and development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications during the last two decades.
Impact of atomic layer deposited TiO2 on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2/w-VA-CNT nanocomposite materials
Authors: Oliveira Inês E. , Silva Ricardo M. , Rodrigues Joana , Correia Maria R. , Monteiro Teresa , Faria Joaquim L. , Silva Rui F. , Silva Cláudia G.
Published: June 2022

Amorphous or anatase crystalline TiO2/VA-CNT nanocomposites were grown controlling the synthesis temperature. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB of 55% was achieved after 240 min. The immobilized material remains active after 4 cycles of use.
A component-optimized chemo-dynamic nanoagent for enhanced tumour cell-selective chemo-dynamic therapy with minimal side effects in a glioma mouse model
Authors: Qiao Lihong , Li Xiaoxia , Xiao Yuanqiang , Yuan Jianming , Yu Dongsheng , Zuo Mingxiang , Chen Jifeng , Han Shisong , Cheng Du
Published: June 2022

A component-optimized chemo-dynamic nanoagent achieved an enhanced tumour cell-selective chemo-dynamic therapy with minimal side effects in a glioma mouse model.
Biodegradable peptide polymers as alternatives to antibiotics used in aquaculture
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , Wu Yueming , Jiang Weinan , Shao Ning , Zhou Min , Chen Yuan , Xie Jiayang , Qiao Zhongqian , Liu Runhui
Published: June 2022

Biodegradable peptide polymers display potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial activityin vitro, as well as strong therapeutic potentialin vivo, as a promising alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.
Study of highly stable electrochemiluminescence from [Ru(bpy)3]2+/dicyclohexylamine and its application in visualizing sebaceous fingerprint
Authors: Sornambigai Mathavan , Jaijanarathanan Lingagauder , Hansda Shekar , Senthil Kumar Shanmugam
Published: June 2022

For the first time, we demonstrate a novel and highly stable visual ECL emission from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/dicyclohexylamine system that produces a quantum yield of 95.5%, and shows an application in visualizing sebaceous fingerprint via smartphone.
Total synthesis of linoxepin facilitated by a Ni-catalyzed tandem reductive cyclization
Authors: Cao Jing-Si , Zeng Jing , Xiao Jian , Wang Xiao-Han , Wang Ya-Wen , Peng Yu
Published: June 2022

A nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclization was developed to construct the tricyclic core of linoxepin, which can lead to an efficient synthesis of this molecule and its divergent D-ring analogs.
Characterization of the nitrogen state in HPHT diamonds grown in an Fe–C melt with a low sulfur addition
Authors: Yelisseyev A. P. , Zhimulev E. I. , Karpovich Z. A. , Chepurov A. A. , Sonin V. M. , Chepurov A. I.
Published: June 2022

This paper reports the results of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds growing in an Fe–C melt with introduction of 1 wt% sulfur.
A two-dimensional α-As/α-AsP van der Waals heterostructure for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Mao Yuliang , Qin Chuangqing , Wang Jing , Yuan Jianmei
Published: June 2022

On the basis of first-principles calculations, we constructed a two-dimensional (2D) α-As/α-AsP van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) to study the structural stability, and electronic and optical properties.
Construction of spin-crossover dinuclear cobalt(ii) compounds based on complementary terpyridine ligand pairing
Authors: Zhang Shu-Ya , Sun Hui-Ying , Wang Run-Guo , Meng Yin-Shan , Liu Tao , Zhu Yuan-Yuan
Published: June 2022

Three dinuclear cobalt(ii) SCO-active compounds have been successively prepared employing the strategy of complementary terpyridine ligand pairing.
Kinetics of oligomer-forming reactions involving the major functional groups present in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol particles
Authors: Maben Hannah K. , Ziemann Paul J.
Published: June 2022

Measurements of the kinetics of accretion reactions involving organic compounds typical of those present in atmospheric aerosol particles demonstrate the potential importance of peroxyhemiacetal and ester formation in a single organic phase and in phase-separated organic/aqueous mixtures containing a sulfuric acid catalyst.
Toxicity screening and ranking of diverse engineered nanomaterials using established hierarchical testing approaches with a complementary in vivo zebrafish model
Authors: Kaur Jasreen , Sohal Ikjot Singh , Singh Harpreet , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Sehrawat Sharvan , Puri Sanjeev , Bello Dhimiter , Khatri Madhu
Published: June 2022

Zebrafish provides rich toxicity data and similar high throughput in comparison to in vitro toxicity models, features that make it an attractive model for nanomaterial toxicity screening, especially when frameworks prefer to minimize animal testing.
Ultrafast branching in intersystem crossing dynamics revealed by coherent vibrational wavepacket motions in a bimetallic Pt(ii) complex
Authors: Kim Pyosang , Valentine Andrew J. S. , Roy Subhangi , Mills Alexis W. , Castellano Felix N. , Li Xiaosong , Chen Lin X.
Published: June 2022

Herein, we investigate the coherent vibrational wavepacket dynamics during the intersystem crossing processes in a bimetallic Pt(ii) complex.
Catalyst- and oxidant-free electrooxidative site-selective [3/4 + 2] annulation to fused polycyclic heteroaromatics
Authors: Guan Wenjing , Ying Ke , Yuan Chengcheng , Hang Jinlin , Liu Chengkou , Huang Xiangxing , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai
Published: June 2022

A catalyst- and oxidant-free electrooxidative site-selective [3/4 + 2] annulation through π-extension to fused polycyclic heteroaromatics has been developed.
Integration of lignin microcapsulated pesticide production into lignocellulose biorefineries through FeCl3-mediated deep eutectic solvent pretreatment
Authors: Shen Feiyue , Wu Shiyu , Huang Mei , Zhao Li , He Jinsong , Zhang Yanzong , Deng Shihuai , Hu Jinguang , Tian Dong , Shen Fei
Published: June 2022

Schematic diagram of integrating lignin-based microcapsulated pesticide production into a lignocellulose biorefinery is presented.
Advancing microfluidic diagnostic chips into clinical use: a review of current challenges and opportunities
Authors: Iyer Vasant , Yang Zijian , Ko Jina , Weissleder Ralph , Issadore David
Published: June 2022

Microfluidic diagnostic (μDX) technologies miniaturize sensors and actuators to the length-scales that are relevant to biology: the micrometer scale to interact with cells and the nanometer scale to interrogate biology's molecular machinery.
Intelligent nanoscope for rapid nanomaterial identification and classification
Authors: Jin Geonsoo , Hong Seongwoo , Rich Joseph , Xia Jianping , Kim Kyeri , You Lingchong , Zhao Chenglong , Huang Tony Jun
Published: June 2022

Microspheres array based intelligent nanoscope processed data collection for deep learning training. The trained convolutional neural network model classified the different sizes of nanoparticle samples.
Microtoxicology by microfluidic instrumentation: a review
Authors: Cao Jialan , Chande Charmi , Köhler J. Michael
Published: June 2022

Microtoxicology is concerned with the application of miniaturized toxicity tests methods and devices to measure toxic effects by using single cells or cell cultures.
Liver organ-on-chip models for toxicity studies and risk assessment
Authors: Messelmani Taha , Morisseau Lisa , Sakai Yasuyuki , Legallais Cécile , Le Goff Anne , Leclerc Eric , Jellali Rachid
Published: June 2022

This review provides an overview of liver organ-on-chip (OoC) technology, including the general concept, different approaches and recent advances. A particular focus is given to the use of liver OoC in toxicity studies and risk assessment.
Pyridoxal-based low molecular weight progelator as a new chemosensor for the recognition of Ag+ and Hg2+ under different conditions
Authors: Roy Saswati Ghosh , Kumar Abhishek , Misra Neeraj , Ghosh Kumaresh
Published: June 2022

Pro-gelator 1 shows visual detection of Ag+ ion through sol-to-gel conversion. Additionally, it exhibits the selective sensing of Hg2+ ion over a series of metal ions in solution.
Integration of negative, zero and positive linear thermal expansion makes borate optical crystals light transmission temperature-independent
Authors: Jiang Xingxing , Wang Naizheng , Dong Liyuan , Molokeev Maxim S. , Wang Shuaihua , Liu Youquan , Guo Shibin , Li Wei , Huang Rongjin , Wu Shaofan , Li Laifeng , Lin Zheshuai
Published: June 2022

The regulation on anomalous thermal expansion by single crystals with integrating negative, zero and positive linear thermal expansion is proposed, and its demonstration in the optical crystals of AEB2O4 (AE = Ca or Sr) enable optical path to be temperature-independent.
Enhancement on charge transfer properties of Cu12Sb4S13 quantum dots hole transport materials by surface ligand modulation in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Long Chengtang , Peng Zhuoyin , Huang Jincheng , Wang Yue , Luo Wen , Fu Yilong , Chen Jianlin , Chen Jian
Published: June 2022

A two-step surface ligand-exchange process has been introduced for Cu12Sb4S13 QDs hole transport materials, which effectively enhanced the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 14.65% to 15.43%.
Graphite felt modified by nanoporous carbon as a novel cathode material for the EF process
Authors: Liu Jiaman , Jia Jiping , Yu Huaqiang , Zhang Jialin , Li Ji , Ge Honghua , Zhao Yuzeng
Published: June 2022

Nanoporous carbon prepared by carbonizing ZIF-8@MWCNTs can greatly improve the performance of graphite felt as an electro-Fenton cathode.
3,5-Diaryl substituted sclerotiorin: a novel scaffold of succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibitors
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Yu-Xia , Li Song-Bo , Wu Qiong-You
Published: June 2022

Novel and potent inhibitors targeting succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase were discovered from the natural product sclerotiorin for the first time.
Graphene incorporated mesoporous perovskite with excellent conductivity and catalytic activity for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Memon Saeed Ahmed , Shaikh Huma , Raza Rizwan , Mughal Zaib un Nisa , Memon Ayaz Ali , Memon Shahabuddin
Published: June 2022

In modern times, energy transformation sources with superior efficacy and eco-friendliness have become remarkably attractive in terms of fuel cell technology.
The relative stability of SCM-14 germanosilicate with different distributions of germanium ions in the absence and presence of structure-directing agents
Authors: Gramatikov Stoyan P. , Petkov Petko St. , Vayssilov Georgi N.
Published: June 2022

According to periodic DFT calculations suggest that: Ge atoms in SCM-14 germanosilicate are clustered forming D4Rs populated entirely by Ge; structures with more Ge–O–Ge bridges are more stable; simulated19F NMR chemical shifts do not correlated with Ge content of the D4R.
Hierarchical Ni(OH)2–MnO2hollow spheres as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Sun Jun , Zhang Yuchen , Liu Yue , Guo Zhencai , Du Weimin , Liu Lin , Zhang Yongming
Published: June 2022

Hierarchical Ni(OH)2–MnO2hollow spheres are preparedviaa simple self-templating route. The structural and compositional advantages of the Ni(OH)2–MnO2material endow it with remarkable performance as a supercapacitor.
Synthesis and application of novel urea–benzoic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-ones and hexahydroquinolines
Authors: Fazl Fazlulhaq , Torabi Morteza , Yarie Meysam , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2022

Preparation of hexahydroquinolines and 2,3-disubstituted thiazolidin-4-ones by using Fe3O4@SiO@(CH2)3–urea–benzoic acid as a catalyst.
Comparative study on the pyrolysis behavior and pyrolysate characteristics of Fushun oil shale during anhydrous pyrolysis and sub/supercritical water pyrolysis
Authors: Lu Yang , Wang Zhijing , Kang Zhiqin , Li Wei , Yang Dong , Zhao Yangsheng
Published: June 2022

Sub/supercritical water can directly extract oil and gas from oil shale due to the solvent and driving effects. Also, they can be considered as an acid–base catalyst, which can catalyze some reactions such as hydrolysis, addition and rearrangement.
Novel benzodithiophene-TTBTBTT copolymers: synthesis and investigation in organic and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Komissarova Ekaterina A. , Kuklin Sergei A. , Maskaev Andrey V. , Latypova Alina F. , Kuznetsov Petr M. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Nikitenko Sergei L. , Martynov Ilya V. , Kuznetsov Ilya E. , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: June 2022

New conjugated (BDT-TTBTBTT)n copolymers are featured as promising hole-transport materials for n–i–p perovskite solar cells delivering efficiencies of up to ∼19%.
A multifunctional separator modified using Y2O3/Co3O4 heterostructures boosting polysulfide catalytic conversion for advanced Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhang Mingkun , Peng Lin , Yuan Qichong , Zheng Liyuan , Wang Yi , Li Aiju
Published: June 2022

The synergistic effect of the heterostructures of Y2O3/Co3O4 with adsorption and catalytic properties was used to construct an effective separator mitigation mechanism for the shuttle effect of lithium–sulfur batteries.
A dual non-covalent bonding constructed continuous interfacial structure for reducing interfacial thermal resistance
Authors: Wu Bin , Li Ya , Chen Wei , Ding Boyang , Chen Peng , Xia Ru , Qian Jiasheng
Published: June 2022

C-P3HT created a heat transfer “bridge” in adjacent graphene through dual non-covalent bonding, which achieved excellent in-plane thermal conductivity of composites.
Interface coupling and energy storage of inorganic–organic nanocomposites
Authors: Su Yao , Chen Cheng , Wang Yan , Yao Minggang , Ma Rong , Zhang Wenxiong , Yuan Qibin , Hu Dengwei
Published: June 2022

The interface coupling ability of inorganic–organic nanocomposites affects their energy storage performance directly. It can be adjusted by altering the structure at the interface, offering a practical and effective way to achieve energy storage applications in the future.