bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A discriminação contra o trabalhador transgênero no Brasil: reflexões a partir de um processo judicial
Authors: Sebastião Alex Keine de Almeida
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho apresenta reflexões acerca da discriminação contra o trabalhador transgênero no Brasil, a partir de caso narrado em demanda judicial julgada pela 17ª Vara do Trabalho do Rio de Janeiro e pelo Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 1ª Região, em sede de recurso ordinário. O método utilizado incluiu pesquisa normativa e bibliográfica, buscando-se realizar uma análise do tema sob a luz do arcabouço teórico e jurídico mobilizado. Inicialmente, faz-se breve delineamento da situação fática narrada no processo judicial. A seguir, recolhem-se alguns elementos teóricos relacionados a transgeneridade e aborda-se a relação entre gênero e trabalho no Brasil sob as perspectivas social e jurídica. No âmbito normativo, aponta-se para a proteção conferida pelos direitos humanos aos transgêneros, inclusive nas relações laborais. Ao final, é possível concluir que a temática da relação entre gênero e relações de trabalho no Brasil conquistou avanços nas últimas décadas. Intensa produção acadêmica e decisões judiciais de vanguarda parecem apontar para uma sociedade que se torna cada vez mais igualitária e inclusiva. Entretanto, alguns movimentos reacionários apresentam forte resistência a esses avanços, cuja manutenção depende de uma permanente batalha na arena político-social.
Omissões e erros da política de Inspeção do Trabalho no Brasil durante a pandemia do Coronavírus
Authors: Carvalho Leandro de Andrade
Published: September 2023

No curso de uma pandemia que ceifou a vida de centenas de milhares de brasileiros, era esperado que a Política de Inspeção do Trabalho fosse capaz de minimizar os impactos negativos da COVID-19 no ambiente de trabalho, empreendendo ações de intervenção com viés quer seja orientador, quer seja punitivo. O presente artigo analisa de forma crítica as opções da Fiscalização do Trabalho no Brasil durante esse período de crise que, supostamente, priorizaram um menor número de ações urgentes em detrimento de todo o escopo legal de atuação, justamente durante o período mais letal da pandemia. São apresentados dados quantitativos, utilizando-se de estatística descritiva, com medidas de tendência central. Ainda, são formuladas hipóteses e questões sobre as omissões e erros dessa política que se manteve demasiadamente distante das mazelas do mundo laboral, especialmente das questões mais graves de segurança e saúde do trabalho, discriminação, violência e assédio no trabalho, combate às condições análogas às de escravo e da erradicação do trabalho infantil.
O impacto subjetivo do colonialismo e racismo em mulheres negras trabalhadoras domésticas
Authors: Simões Adriana Souza , Klöppel Helena Barriga Mutran , Silva Isabella Almeida da , Simões Paloma Sá Souza , Guimarães Sandra Suely Moreira Lurine
Published: September 2023

O estudo, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, discute um aspecto pouco debatido quando se trata de trabalho doméstico. Nos referimos aos impactos negativos que o colonialismo e o racismo produzem na subjetividade de trabalhadoras domésticas, que no Brasil são majoritariamente negras. Isto porque essa modalidade de trabalho tem suas raízes nas práticas escravagistas oriundas do colonialismo e perpetuadas pelo racismo. A discussão desenvolvida enfatiza especialmente as trabalhadoras domésticas cujas atividades laborais têm início ainda na infância sob a forma de servidão, na condição de “cria” da família que se beneficia do seu trabalho. Conclui-se que a construção de suas identidades é atravessada pela imagem que é socialmente construída com base no trabalho que executam, e que as colocam na posição de subalternidade e inferiorização.
A Teoria do Valor-Trabalho Marxista e a Teoria da Reprodução Social: uma reflexão a partir da Epistemologia Feminista
Authors: Melo Cecy Bezerra de
Published: September 2023

A Teoria Social, embora tenha certa inclinação a fazer reflexões que se propõem universais, é historicamente marcada pelo androcentrismo. Nesse sentido, para defender a proposta de abordagem teórica não centrada apenas em sujeitos masculinos, que tem se figurado de maneira substancial na Teoria Feminista, esse breve artigo se detém sobre a discussão do diálogo entre a teoria do valor-trabalho marxista e a teoria feminista da reprodução social. Ele está estruturado em quatro partes e considerações finais. No primeiro momento proponho uma discussão da posição da Teoria Feminista na Teoria Social. No segundo momento, refletirei brevemente sobre a noção marxiana do Valor-Trabalho. Em seguida, desenvolvo uma discussão introduzida sobre as Teorias da Reprodução Social em relação à Teoria do Valor-Trabalho. Por fim, objetivo demonstrar a contribuição da Teoria Feminista na Teoria social por meio dos esforços da teoria feminista-marxista da Reprodução Social na contribuição para o debate da integração das questões de gênero na teoria marxista sobre as relações sociais de produção no capitalismo.
Gênero, raça e classe: debate sobre as desigualdades no trabalho precarizado
Authors: Soares Carla Fernanda Zanata
Published: September 2023

A partir da interseccionalidade das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe, este artigo discute as desigualdades no trabalho precarizado, realizado na informalidade, no trabalho doméstico assalariado, pela terceirização, e em condições análogas à escravidão, no Brasil, no período de 2019 até início de 2023. O problema se expressa no aumento do número de mulheres negras no trabalho doméstico assalariado e do número de homens negros terceirizados em condições análogas à escravidão. Com abordagem interdisciplinar e tendo em vista o raciocínio dedutivo, se trata de um artigo teórico embasado em dados do ano de 2019 até 2023. O objetivo é indicar o modo como a invenção da raça como um instrumento de dominação e de divisão social de seres humanos criou um padrão global de controle do trabalho, tornando possível a colonização das relações sociais que se estende e se aprofunda no Brasil, até 2023. Como conclusões, se verifica que o padrão global de controle do trabalho torna possível, a partir das relações socias de gênero-raça-trabalho-classe, a intensificação da dominação e da exploração no mundo do trabalho contemporâneo.
РЕГЛАМЕНТАЦІЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ КОМБАТАНТІВ У МІЖНАРОДНОМУ ГУМАНІТАРНОМУ ПРАВІ
Authors: Мельничук А. І.
Published: September 2023

У статті розглянуто питання регламентації кримінальної відповідальності комбатантів у міжнародному гуманітарному праві. Методологічною основою наукової роботи стали філософські, загальнонаукові концептуальні підходи, а також характерні для сучасної юридичної науки підходи і методи, відповідно до проблеми. У ході дослідження з’ясовано, що кримінальна відповідальність комбатантів закріплена як у конвенціях, так і в статутних документах, які в сукупності складають основу міжнародного гуманітарного права. Аналіз норм міжнародного гуманітарного права дав змогу встановити, що конвенційні норми містять заборони щодо вчинення дій-воєнних злочинів комбатантами в межах збройних конфліктів, недотримання яких визнається серйозними порушеннями міжнародного гуманітарного права. Індивідуальна відповідальність окреслюється через встановлення обмежувальних механізмів, спрямованих на захист осіб, які не беруть участі або припинили участь у збройних конфліктах, регламентацію ведення збройного конфлікту, обмеження насильства під час збройного конфлікту. Такі норми мають високий рівень узагальнення та не містять належного механізму притягнення до кримінальної відповідальності комбатантів, конкретних зобов’язань держав-учасників і механізмів контролю за їх виконанням, що потребує системної розробки, зокрема уточнення складу злочинів, визначення ступеня їх суспільної небезпеки тощо національним правом. З’ясовано, що принцип індивідуальної відповідальності комбатантів, як і юрисдикція стосовно воєнних злочинів, їх зміст міститься в статутах Міжнародних військових трибуналів та Міжнародного кримінального суду, на основі яких вони функціонують. Діяльність Трибуналів сприяла появі прецедентних рішень, які є ефективним правовим засобом реалізації міжнародного гуманітарного права в частині припинення його порушень, з огляду на визнані юридичні підстави кваліфікації певної поведінки, як міжнародне правопорушення, встановлені елементи міжнародних правопорушень, склади міжнародних злочинів тощо.
Efficiency enhancement of the modified EWMA control method with conditional expected delay for change detection in processes
Authors: Khan Nasrullah , Aslam Muhammad , Albassam Mohammed
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the efficiency of a modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control method using conditional expected delay to improve its efficiency in detecting changes in a process over time. While the modified EWMA control method is commonly used for this purpose, it can sometimes experience delays in detecting changes. The proposed method aims to address this limitation by incorporating conditional expected delay. The study utilizes simulations to conduct a performance comparison between the modified EWMA control method and the conventional EWMA control, employing the metric of conditional expected delay. Simulation results demonstrate the modified EWMA control method with conditional expected delay in terms of accurately and rapidly detecting changes. Overall, this study concludes that the integration of conditional expected delay into the modified EWMA control method can increase its effectiveness in detecting changes in a process. This has significant practical implications for a variety of industries that require timely and accurate detection of changes to maintain product quality and optimize processes.
Regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in Apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Arabiotorre Angela , Bankaitis Vytas A. , Grabon Aby
Published: September 2023

Phosphoinositides are a biologically essential class of phospholipids that contribute to organelle membrane identity, modulate membrane trafficking pathways, and are central components of major signal transduction pathways that operate on the cytosolic face of intracellular membranes in eukaryotes. Apicomplexans (such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.) are obligate intracellular parasites that are important causative agents of disease in animals and humans. Recent advances in molecular and cell biology of Apicomplexan parasites reveal important roles for phosphoinositide signaling in key aspects of parasitosis. These include invasion of host cells, intracellular survival and replication, egress from host cells, and extracellular motility. As Apicomplexans have adapted to the organization of essential signaling pathways to accommodate their complex parasitic lifestyle, these organisms offer experimentally tractable systems for studying the evolution, conservation, and repurposing of phosphoinositide signaling. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that control the spatial and temporal regulation of phosphoinositides in the Apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and T. gondii. We further discuss the similarities and differences presented by Apicomplexan phosphoinositide signaling relative to how these pathways are regulated in other eukaryotic organisms.
Application of water-soluble conjugated polymers in intelligent measurement and control of food microbial fermentation process
Authors: Liu Chang , Tang Yujiao
Published: September 2023

In order to reduce the difficulty of measurement and control (MAC) during food fermentation, this paper applies water-soluble conjugated polymers to sensors, conducts data modeling and prediction, and integrates the sensors into intelligent MAC systems. This article uses fermentation rate, product yield, and energy consumption efficiency as evaluation indicators to analyze the effectiveness of smart MAC. By comparing and analyzing the MAC method based on water-soluble conjugated polymers with the traditional MAC method, this article found that the MAC method based on water-soluble conjugated polymers can improve product yield, fermentation efficiency and energy utilization compared with traditional MAC methods. The MAC accuracy, timeliness, stability, speed and security of the MAC system based on water-soluble conjugated polymers are higher than those of traditional MAC systems. Among them, the average test stability of the traditional MAC system is 19.93% lower than that of the smart MAC system based on water-soluble conjugated polymers. Research shows that the intelligent MAC method based on water-soluble conjugated polymers can effectively improve the fermentation environment of food microorganisms and improve product quality, and is worthy of further promotion.
Case Report: Spectrum of interesting ocular manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination: a case series of real-world presentations
Authors: Tajunisah Iqbal , Tan Shao Sze , Effendi-Tenang Irina , Samsudin Amir , Ling Kiet-Phang , Tan Wee Yong , Ramasamy Sunder , Fong Kenneth Choong Sian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

We report the ocular findings that patients experienced after receiving the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in three different eye centers in Malaysia.

Observations

A total of four cases were reported. Three patients received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, while the other received the Oxford AstraZeneca type. Ocular symptoms occurred after the first vaccine dose in two patients and after the second vaccine dose in the other two. Three out of four patients required active treatment for their vision complications postvaccination. The first patient had acute-onset retinal pigment epitheliitis within 3 h of vaccination and was treated conservatively. The second patient developed unilateral choroidal neovascularization 3 days after vaccination and required intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection. The third patient presented with bilateral acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy a week after vaccination and responded to intravenous methylprednisolone. The fourth patient presented with herpes zoster infection and unilateral anterior nongranulomatous uveitis 2 weeks after vaccination and was treated with oral acyclovir and topical corticosteroids. All patients reported some amount of visual recovery.

Conclusions and importance

Visual symptoms and various ocular adverse events can occur following COVID-19 vaccination, which warrants further investigation and urgent intervention if necessary. We would suggest patients receiving the COVID-19 vaccination be aware of possible ocular complications and report any symptoms, regardless of severity.
The great divide: rhamnolipids mediate separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
Authors: Bru Jean-Louis , Kasallis Summer J. , Chang Rendell , Zhuo Quantum , Nguyen Jacqueline , Pham Phillip , Warren Elizabeth , Whiteson Katrine , Høyland-Kroghsbo Nina Molin , Limoli Dominique H. , Siryaporn Albert
Published: September 2023

The interactions between bacterial species during infection can have significant impacts on pathogenesis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can co-infect hosts and cause serious illness. The factors that dictate whether one species outcompetes the other or whether the two species coexist are not fully understood. We investigated the role of surfactants in the interactions between these two species on a surface that enables P. aeruginosa to swarm. We found that P. aeruginosa swarms are repelled by colonies of clinical S. aureus isolates, creating physical separation between the two strains. This effect was abolished in mutants of S. aureus that were defective in the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), which form amyloid fibrils around wild-type S. aureus colonies. We investigated the mechanism that establishes physical separation between the two species using Imaging of Reflected Illuminated Structures (IRIS), which is a non-invasive imaging method that tracks the flow of surfactants produced by P. aeruginosa. We found that PSMs produced by S. aureus deflected the surfactant flow, which in turn, altered the direction of P. aeruginosa swarms. These findings show that rhamnolipids mediate physical separation between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, which could facilitate coexistence between these species. Additionally, we found that a number of molecules repelled P. aeruginosa swarms, consistent with a surfactant deflection mechanism. These include Bacillus subtilis surfactant, the fatty acids oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the synthetic lubricant polydimethylsiloxane. Lung surfactant repelled P. aeruginosa swarms and inhibited swarm expansion altogether at higher concentration. Our results suggest that surfactant interactions could have major impacts on bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host relationships. In addition, our findings uncover a mechanism responsible for P. aeruginosa swarm development that does not rely solely on sensing but instead is based on the flow of surfactant.
Cancer survivorship at heart: a multidisciplinary cardio-oncology roadmap for healthcare professionals
Authors: Bisceglia Irma , Canale Maria Laura , Silvestris Nicola , Gallucci Giuseppina , Camerini Andrea , Inno Alessandro , Camilli Massimiliano , Turazza Fabio Maria , Russo Giulia , Paccone Andrea , Mistrulli Raffaella , De Luca Leonardo , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Tarantini Luigi , Lucà Fabiana , Oliva Stefano , Moreo Antonella , Maurea Nicola , Quagliariello Vincenzo , Ricciardi Giuseppina Rosaria , Lestuzzi Chiara , Fiscella Damiana , Parrini Iris , Racanelli Vito , Russo Antonio , Incorvaia Lorena , Calabrò Fabio , Curigliano Giuseppe , Cinieri Saverio , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Gabrielli Domenico , Oliva Fabrizio , Colivicchi Furio
Published: September 2023

In cancer, a patient is considered a survivor from the time of initial diagnosis until the end of life. With improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors (CS) has grown considerably and includes: (1) Patients cured and free from cancer who may be at risk of late-onset cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT); (2) Patients with long-term control of not-curable cancers in whom CTR-CVT may need to be addressed. This paper highlights the importance of the cancer care continuum, of a patient-centered approach and of a prevention-oriented policy. The ultimate goal is a personalized care of CS, achievable only through a multidisciplinary-guided survivorship care plan, one that replaces the fragmented management of current healthcare systems. Collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists is the pillar of a framework in which primary care providers and other specialists must be engaged and in which familial, social and environmental factors are also taken into account.
Stratospheric dynamics modulates ozone layer response to molecular oxygen variations
Authors: Józefiak Iga , Sukhodolov Timofei , Egorova Tatiana , Chiodo Gabriel , Peter Thomas , Rieder Harald , Sedlacek Jan , Stenke Andrea , Rozanov Eugene
Published: September 2023

Photolysis of molecular oxygen (O2) sustains the stratospheric ozone layer and is thereby protecting living organisms on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the past, atmospheric O2 levels were not constant, and their variations are thought to be responsible for the extinction of some species due to the thinning of the ozone layer. Over the Phanerozoic Eon (last ∼500 Mio years), the O2 volume mixing ratio ranged between 10% and 35% depending on the level of photosynthetic activity of plants and oceans. Previous estimates, mostly performed by simplified 1-D models, showed different ozone (O3) responses to atmospheric O2 changes within this range, such as monotonically positive or negative correlations, or displaying a maximum in the O3 column around a certain O2 level. Here, we assess the ozone layer sensitivity to atmospheric O2 varying between 5% and 40% with a state-of-the-art 3-D chemistry-climate model (CCM). Our findings show that the O3 layer thickness maximizes around the current mixing ratio of O2, 21% ± 5%, while lower or higher levels of O2 result globally in a reduction of total column O3. At low latitudes, the total column O3 is less sensitive to O2 variations, because of the “self-healing” effect, namely, a vertical dipole in the tropical ozone response. Mid- and high-latitude O3 columns that are largely affected by transport of O3 from the tropics, however, are much more sensitive to O2 with changes up to 20 DU even for small (±5%) O2 perturbations. We show that these variations are largely driven by the radiative impact of O3 on stratospheric temperatures and on the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), indicating chemistry-radiation-transport feedback. High O2 cases result in an acceleration of the BDC and vice versa, which always works in favor of the negative part of the O3 anomaly dipole in the tropics being more effectively transported to the mid- and high-latitudes than the positive one. Although there are other factors strongly influencing O3/O2 relationship on the Phanerozoic Eon timescales that have not been considered here, our results and the presented mechanism bring useful insights for other studies focusing on the long-term O3/O2 relationship.
A new method for determining strength parameters of rock using digital drilling technology
Authors: Qiang Guo , Ma Xudong , Liu Xinxing
Published: September 2023

Fast and accurate prediction for mechanical parameters of rock mass is an important prerequisite for guiding the safe construction of rock engineering. At present, the rock strength parameters test requires well-prepared samples; sample preparation is time consuming, costly, and difficult as well as destructive, in particular the polishing and rectification of the sample ends. In this paper, the mathematical model of the drilling process is established based on the force characteristics of the drill bit and the principle of mechanical limit equilibrium. The digital drilling tests are carried out on four types of rocks to drilling characteristics using the digital drilling system. The concept of cutting strength ratio is proposed to analyze the correlation between cutting strength ratio and rock internal friction angle and cohesion. A new method is proposed for determining the compressive and tensile strength of rock. The results show that the cutting strength ratio increases with the increasing of internal friction angle and cohesion. The uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of rock increase linearly with the cutting strength ratio. The average error of rock tensile strength is 12.29%, and the average error of uniaxial compressive strength is 20.44%. The internal friction angle of rock obtained based on the digital drilling technology is consistent with the value measured by the laboratory standard test. This method can provide a new way to determine rock strength parameters in real time.
Bayesian fluid prediction by decoupling both pore structure parameter and porosity
Authors: He Run , Wang Enli , Wang Wei , Yan Guoliang , Zheng Xi , Zhao Wanjin , He Dongyang
Published: September 2023

Carbonate reservoirs exhibit complex pore structure, which significantly affects the elastic properties and seismic response, as well as the prediction of physical parameters. As one of the main factors impacting fluid prediction, pore structure parameter directly involves in few inversion methods. In order to directly predict pore structure parameter in inversion, a novel quantitative reflection coefficient formula is proposed, that integrate Russell's poroelasticity theory with Sun's petrophysical model. This formula separates fluid bulk modulus from porosity and pore structure parameter, allowing for accurate determination of pore-fluid distribution through Bayesian framework. Both theoretical model analysis and multi-component digital core experiments of carbonates validate the importance of pore structure parameter on fluid identification. The practical application of carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin demonstrates that the proposed fluid factor, eliminating the prediction illusion caused by heterogeneity in porosity and pore structure parameter within strata, provides more precise and reliable predictions compared to the Russell fluid factor. Furthermore, the similarity between the Russell fluid factor obtained directly from the Russell approximation and the Russell fluid factor calculated indirectly from the proposed method confirms the stability and accuracy of the new reflection coefficient formula.
A multicenter study on the application of artificial intelligence radiological characteristics to predict prognosis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Hou Jian , Wen Xiangyang , Qu Genyi , Chen Wenwen , Xu Xiang , Wu Guoqing , Ji Ruidong , Wei Genggeng , Liang Tuo , Huang Wenyan , Xiong Lin
Published: September 2023

Background

A model to predict preoperative outcomes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with renal staghorn stones is developed to be an essential preoperative consultation tool.

Objective

In this study, we constructed a predictive model for one-time stone clearance after PCNL for renal staghorn calculi, so as to predict the stone clearance rate of patients in one operation, and provide a reference direction for patients and clinicians.

Methods

According to the 175 patients with renal staghorn stones undergoing PCNL at two centers, preoperative/postoperative variables were collected. After identifying characteristic variables using PCA analysis to avoid overfitting. A predictive model was developed for preoperative outcomes after PCNL in patients with renal staghorn stones. In addition, we repeatedly cross-validated their model’s predictive efficacy and clinical application using data from two different centers.

Results

The study included 175 patients from two centers treated with PCNL. We used a training set and an external validation set. Radionics characteristics, deep migration learning, clinical characteristics, and DTL+Rad-signature were successfully constructed using machine learning based on patients’ pre/postoperative imaging characteristics and clinical variables using minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms. In this study, DTL-Rad signal was found to be the outstanding predictor of stone clearance in patients with renal deer antler-like stones treated by PCNL. The DTL+Rad signature showed good discriminatory ability in both the training and external validation groups with AUC values of 0.871 (95% CI, 0.800-0.942) and 0.744 (95% CI, 0.617-0.871). The decision curve demonstrated the radiographic model’s clinical utility and illustrated specificities of 0.935 and 0.806, respectively.

Conclusion

We found a prediction model combining imaging characteristics, neural networks, and clinical characteristics can be used as an effective preoperative prediction method.
A novel nomogram for identifying high-risk patients among active surveillance candidates with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Peisong , Li Kaixuan , Xue Shuai
Published: September 2023

Objective

Active surveillance (AS) has been recommended as the first-line treatment strategy for low-risk (LR) papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) according to the guidelines. However, preoperative imaging and fine-needle aspiration could not rule out a small group of patients with aggressive PTMC with large-volume lymph node micro-metastasis, extrathryoidal invasion to surrounding soft tissue, or high-grade malignancy from the AS candidates.

Methods

Among 2,809 PTMC patients, 2,473 patients were enrolled in this study according to the inclusion criteria. Backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to filter clinical characteristics and ultrasound features to identify independent predictors of high-risk (HR) patients. A nomogram was developed and validated according to selected risk factors for the identification of an HR subgroup among “LR” PTMC patients before operation.

Results

For identifying independent risk factors, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using the backward stepwise method and revealed that male sex [3.91 (2.58–5.92)], older age [0.94 (0.92–0.96)], largest tumor diameter [26.7 (10.57–69.22)], bilaterality [1.44 (1.01–2.3)], and multifocality [1.14 (1.01–2.26)] were independent predictors of the HR group. Based on these independent risk factors, a nomogram model was developed for predicting the probability of HR. The C index was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.765–0.847), which indicated satisfactory accuracy of the nomogram in predicting the probability of HR.

Conclusion

Taken together, we developed and validated a nomogram model to predict HR of PTMC, which could be useful for patient counseling and facilitating treatment-related decision-making.
Relationship between sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Chengdong , Han Yufeng , Yin Chunhui , Geng Ruyue , Liu Zhenfei , Du Yongle , Yu Mingkun
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study aims to assess the association between sodium–glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) treatment and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We searched six databases from 1 January 2012 to 1 May 2023, without language restrictions. The primary outcome was muscle. Secondary outcomes were weight loss, weakness, malaise, or fatigue. Subgroup analyses were performed according to different definitions of muscle, treatment duration, and measurement methods. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.

Results

Nineteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1,482 participants were included. Compared with the control group, a meta-analysis showed that T2DM participants in the group treated with SGLT-2i demonstrated statistically significant reductions in lean body mass of 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), −1.05 to −0.27; p = 0.0009) and skeletal muscle mass of 0.35 (95% CI, −0.66 to −0.04; p = 0.03). No deaths or serious adverse events were reported. The quality of evidence in the included trials was low.

Conclusions

SGLT-2i may lead to a reduction in muscle strength in the treatment of T2DM compared to the control group. However, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence to evaluate muscle atrophy caused by SGLT-2i.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-12-0061/, identifier 2022120061.
MEA-based CO2 capture: a study focuses on MEA concentrations and process parameters
Authors: Wang Nan , Wang Dong , Krook-Riekkola Anna , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: September 2023

CO2 capture using monoethanolamine (MEA) is one of the important decarbonization options and often considered as a benchmark, while the optimal MEA contraction and systematic process study are still lacking. In this work, firstly, the MEA concentrations between 15 and 30 wt% were studied from both process simulations with Aspen Plus and experimental measurements in the pilot-scale. 20 wt% MEA was identified as the preferable solution. Subsequently, a systematic analysis was conducted for CO2 capture using 20 wt% MEA with/without CO2 compression to study how various parameters, including gas flow rate, CO2 concentration, and CO2 removal rate, affected the energy demand and techno-economic performances quantitatively. The influence of each parameter on both energy demand and cost showed an obvious non-linear relationship, evidencing the importance of systematic analysis for further study on decarbonization. The evaluation indicated that the regeneration heat required the largest portion of energy demand. The economic analysis showed that the capital cost was more sensitive to the selected parameters than the operational cost, while the operational cost created a major change in the overall cost. In addition, the gas flow rate and CO2 concentration were the main parameters affecting the cost, rather than the CO2 removal rate. Finally, it was suggested that, for a new plant, CO2 capture showed the minimum investment cost per ton CO2 when operating the plant on a large scale, high CO2 concentration, and high CO2 removal rate; for an existing plant, the capture preferred to run with the high CO2 removal rate.
Digital resonant control of power converters under variable grid frequency conditions
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Nazir Rabia , Alhussein Musaed , Ahmad Jameel , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Saleem Faisal
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The proportional resonant (PR) controller is known for its ability to effectively regulate sinusoidal current and voltage with low steady-state error. However, in the context of digital power systems, where operations are discrete in time, applying conventional PR controllers directly presents challenges. This study investigates the impact of various discretization methods on the performance of PR controllers, particularly under scenarios with varying reference frequencies.

Methods: To assess the performance of digital PR controllers under varying reference frequency conditions, three discretization techniques are employed: zero-order hold (ZOH), impulse invariant (II), and zero pole matching (ZPM), in addition to the conventional deadbeat controller. These controllers are tested in conjunction with a single-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverter, which is a crucial component in modern power systems.

Results: Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the different digital PR controllers in tracking both fixed and variable reference frequency signals while minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) and steady-state error. When utilizing only the deadbeat controller, steady-state error and THD are measured at 4.9 V and 4.82%, respectively. However, the proposed ZPM-based digital PR controller significantly improves performance, reducing steady-state error to 0.12 V and THD to 0.45%, highlighting its superior performance.

Discussion: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of choosing the appropriate discretization method when implementing PR controllers in digital power systems. The ZPM-based digital PR controller proves to be highly efficient in regulating power converters under varying grid frequency conditions. This research contributes to the understanding of digital PR controller behavior and its potential for improving power system performance, especially in scenarios with intermittent renewable energy resources and fluctuating grid frequencies.
Water physicochemical factors and oxidative stress physiology in fish, a review
Authors: Menon Soumya V. , Kumar Avnish , Middha Sushil Kumar , Paital Biswaranjan , Mathur Shivangi , Johnson Rajee , Kademan Asha , Usha Talambedu , Hemavathi K. N. , Dayal Sangeeta , Ramalingam Nirmaladevi , Subaramaniyam Udayadharshini , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Asthana Monika
Published: September 2023

Fish are among the best-studied aquatic animals due to their economic and ecological values. Fish meat is the most affordable protein source for the economically weaker section of people. The environment of almost all aquatic ecosystems has a specific influential role on or by fishes. Therefore, studying their stress biology, especially oxidative stress, is vital because it can influence their growth, production, reproduction, etc. To review the above topic, peer-reviewed electronic databases, including Web of Science, science direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and AGRICOLA, were searched with specific keywords associated with fish, oxidative stress, diseases, etc. The influence of abiotic stress, such as the effects of water dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, water hardness, alkalinity, pH, pollutants, heavy metals, and anthropogenic activities, was reviewed in the current article to draw a conclusion on the updated relation that exists between fish physiology, disease, and abiotic stressors. Oxidative stress and redox regulatory levels under the above parameters were reviewed as the stress or anti-stress responses differ in various fish models. Undoubtedly, the reviewed abiotic factors modulate fish oxidative health status to a greater extent, and therefore, these factors must be considered on a priority basis to improve the general health and immunity status of fish. The statement above remains valid in both saline and freshwater habitats.
Multiple imputation of missing data under missing at random: including a collider as an auxiliary variable in the imputation model can induce bias
Authors: Curnow Elinor , Tilling Kate , Heron Jon E. , Cornish Rosie P. , Carpenter James R.
Published: September 2023

Epidemiological studies often have missing data, which are commonly handled by multiple imputation (MI). In MI, in addition to those required for the substantive analysis, imputation models often include other variables (“auxiliary variables”). Auxiliary variables that predict the partially observed variables can reduce the standard error (SE) of the MI estimator and, if they also predict the probability that data are missing, reduce bias due to data being missing not at random. However, guidance for choosing auxiliary variables is lacking. We examine the consequences of a poorly chosen auxiliary variable: if it shares a common cause with the partially observed variable and the probability that it is missing (i.e., it is a “collider”), its inclusion can induce bias in the MI estimator and may increase the SE. We quantify, both algebraically and by simulation, the magnitude of bias and SE when either the exposure or outcome is incomplete. When the substantive analysis outcome is partially observed, the bias can be substantial, relative to the magnitude of the exposure coefficient. In settings in which a complete records analysis is valid, the bias is smaller when the exposure is partially observed. However, bias can be larger if the outcome also causes missingness in the exposure. When using MI, it is important to examine, through a combination of data exploration and considering plausible casual diagrams and missingness mechanisms, whether potential auxiliary variables are colliders.
Insight into Nrf2: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Ma Yawei , Wang Zhongqing , Hu Yuedong
Published: September 2023

Background: Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in governing the antioxidant defense system, triggering the transcription of diverse genes involved in cellular protection. Its role in mitigating oxidative damage and modulating inflammatory processes has made Nrf2 an attractive target for therapeutic interventions. Despite the growing interest in Nrf2 research, a bibliometric analysis is relatively rare. This study aimed to clarify Nrf2’s role in multiple diseases, identify emerging trends and hotspots using bibliometric analysis, and provide valuable insights and potential directions for future therapeutic interventions.

Methods: The Science Citation Index of Web of Science Core library from 2000 to 2022 was searched on 22 October 2022. Use Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, Bibliometrix, and VOS viewers for data collection and visualization of research focus and trends.

Results: A vast collection of 22,040 research studies on Nrf2 published between 2000 and 2022 were identified. Nrf2 research has seen significant growth globally from 2000 to 2022. China leaded in publication numbers (9,623, 43.66%), while the United States dominated in citation frequency with 261,776 citations. China Medical University was the most productive institutions (459, 2.08%). Masayuki Yamamoto topped in publications (307), while Itoh K. ranked first in citations with 3669. Free Radical Biology and Medicine was the journal with the most studies and citations on Nrf2 (613, 29,687 citations). The analysis of keyword clustering enhanced the categorization of topics and can be summarized as oxidative stress, cancer, disorders in glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and neurological conditions.

Conclusion: China and the United States are the pioneers in Nrf2 research. Recently, there has been a comprehensive exploration of Nrf2 involving both experimental and clinical aspects, as well as mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Investigating novel molecular mechanisms, including NF-κB, Ho1, and Keap1, and developing enhanced, targeted Nrf2 activators or inhibitors to uncover the interplay among cancer, glycolipid metabolic disorder, inflammation, and neurological disorders will be upcoming trends and hotspots.
Remote detection of fungal pathogens in viticulture using laser-induced fluorescence: an experimental study on infected potted vines
Authors: Kölbl Christoph , Diedrich Manu , Ellingen Elias , Duschek Frank , Selim Moustafa , Berkelmann-Löhnertz Beate
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Pathogenic fungi, such as Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator, severely threaten the annual yield of grapes in both quantity and quality. In contrast to other crop production systems, fungicides are intensively applied in viticulture as a countermeasure. The goal of precision viticulture is to optimize vineyard performance as well as the environmental impact by reducing fungicides and applying different techniques and combined strategies. Therefore, new emerging technologies are required, including non-invasive detection, as well as monitoring and tools for the early and in-field detection of fungal development.

Methods

In this study, we investigated leaves of potted vines (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Riesling’) and traced the development of the inoculated leaves using our new remote detection system vinoLAS®, which is based on laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. We ran a measurement campaign over a period of 17 days.

Results

We were able to detect a leaf infection with P. viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, between 5 and 7 days after inoculation. Our results provide evidence for a successful application of laser-based standoff detection in vineyard management in the future. Thus, the vinoLAS system can serve as a model technology for the detection of pathogenic disease symptoms and thus monitoring complete vineyard sites. This allows for early countermeasures with suitable crop protection approaches and selected hot-spot treatments.

Discussion

As P. viticola is considered one of the most damaging fungi in European viticulture, disease mapping via this monitoring tool will help to reduce fungicide applications, and will, therefore, support the implementation of the European Green Deal claims.
Fat and inflammation: adipocyte-myeloid cell crosstalk in atherosclerosis
Authors: Mazitova Aleksandra M. , Márquez-Sánchez Ana Cristina , Koltsova Ekaterina K.
Published: September 2023

Adipose tissue inflammation has been implicated in various chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the aorta as an extra layer and was suggested to contribute to atherosclerosis development. PVAT regulates the function of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in the aorta and represent a reservoir for various immune cells which may participate in aortic inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that adipocytes also express various cytokine receptors and, therefore, may directly respond to inflammatory stimuli. Here we will summarize current knowledge on immune mechanisms regulating adipocyte activation and the crosstalk between myeloid cells and adipocytes in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
A biofunctional review of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a mediator of inflammatory and immune responses: differentiating pentameric and modified CRP isoform effects
Authors: Olson Margaret E. , Hornick Mary G. , Stefanski Ashley , Albanna Haya R. , Gjoni Alesia , Hall Griffin D. , Hart Peter C. , Rajab Ibraheem M. , Potempa Lawrence A.
Published: September 2023

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase, predominantly hepatically synthesized protein, secreted in response to cytokine signaling at sites of tissue injury or infection with the physiological function of acute pro-inflammatory response. Historically, CRP has been classified as a mediator of the innate immune system, acting as a pattern recognition receptor for phosphocholine-containing ligands. For decades, CRP was envisioned as a single, non-glycosylated, multi-subunit protein arranged non-covalently in cyclic symmetry around a central void. Over the past few years, however, CRP has been shown to exist in at least three distinct isoforms: 1.) a pentamer of five identical globular subunits (pCRP), 2.) a modified monomer (mCRP) resulting from a conformational change when subunits are dissociated from the pentamer, and 3.) a transitional isoform where the pentamer remains intact but is partially changed to express mCRP structural characteristics (referred to as pCRP* or mCRPm). The conversion of pCRP into mCRP can occur spontaneously and is observed under commonly used experimental conditions. In careful consideration of experimental design used in published reports of in vitro pro- and anti-inflammatory CRP bioactivities, we herein provide an interpretation of how distinctive CRP isoforms may have affected reported results. We argue that pro-inflammatory amplification mechanisms are consistent with the biofunction of mCRP, while weak anti-inflammatory mechanisms are consistent with pCRP. The interplay of each CRP isoform with specific immune cells (platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, endothelial cells, natural killer cells) and mechanisms of the innate immune system (complement), as well as differences in mCRP and pCRP ligand recognition and effector functions are discussed. This review will serve as a revised understanding of the structure-function relationship between CRP isoforms as related to inflammation and innate immunity mechanisms.
Expanding the applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer beyond disease progression
Authors: Chen Chao , Xiong Xi , Cheng Ying , Gen Haiyun , Zhu Wenqiang , Zhang Fei , Zhu Chuandong , Han Siqi , Liu Xiufeng
Published: September 2023

Background

Immunotherapy, particularly the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), assumes a pivotal role in the comprehensive management of advanced lung cancer. There has been substantial deliberation regarding the appropriateness of extending ICIs treatment beyond the point of disease progression. This study delves into the potential benefits of sustained utilization of ICIs subsequent to disease progression in patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 248 patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer who received treatment with ICIs. The study population comprised 99 patients in the treatment beyond progression (TBP) group and 42 patients in the non-treatment beyond progression (NTBP) group. Parameters including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were assessed. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was employed to analyze prognostic factors related to immunotherapy.

Results

Patients undergoing primary treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors exhibited a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 5.3 months. In the context of disease progression, a comparison between the TBP and NTBP groups was performed with respect to mPFS. The results demonstrated that the TBP group manifested an mPFS of 8.6 months, contrasting with the NTBP group’s mPFS of 4.0 months (p=0.028). The mean overall survival (mOS) in the TBP group exhibited a statistically significant increase in comparison to the NTBP group (14.1 months vs. 6.0 months, p=0.028). Evaluation of the objective response rate (ORR) between the TBP and NTBP groups revealed a substantial distinction. The TBP group displayed an ORR of 12.1%, while the NTBP group exhibited a lower ORR of 2.4%. The statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.068, signifying a notable trend towards significance. The disease control rate (DCR) was also assessed and exhibited a noteworthy variance between the two groups, with a higher DCR of 92.9% in contrast to 71.4% in the control group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Subsequent to ICIs treatment, a subset of patients may derive continued benefits from anticancer therapy, notwithstanding the progression of their advanced lung cancer.