bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Linkage Permutations to Prevent Self-Intersection and Enable Deployable Networks of Thick-Origami
Authors: Yellowhorse Alden , Lang Robert J. , Tolman Kyler , Howell Larry L.
Published: August 2018

Origami concepts show promise for creating complex deployable systems. However, translating origami to thick (non-paper) materials introduces challenges, including that thick panels do not flex to facilitate folding and the chances for self-intersection of components increase. This work introduces methods for creating permutations of linkage-based, origami-inspired mechanisms that retain desired kinematics but avoid self-intersection and enable their connection into deployable networks. Methods for reconfiguring overconstrained linkages and implementing them as modified origami-inspired mechanisms are proved and demonstrated for multiple linkage examples. Equations are derived describing the folding behavior of these implementations. An approach for designing networks of linkage-based origami vertices is demonstrated and applications for tessellations are described. The results offer the opportunity to exploit origami principles to create deployable systems not previously feasible.
Surveillance of Antimalarial Resistance Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and Pfkelch13 Polymorphisms in African Plasmodium falciparum imported to Shandong Province, China
Authors: Xu Chao , Wei Qingkuan , Yin Kun , Sun Hui , Li Jin , Xiao Ting , Kong Xiangli , Wang Yongbin , Zhao Guihua , Zhu Song , Kou Jingxuan , Yan Ge , Huang Bingcheng
Published: August 2018

Antimalarial drug resistance is a major public health problem in China. From 2012 to 2015, more than 75% of malaria cases in Shandong Province were P. falciparum returned from Africa. However, molecular marker polymorphisms of drug resistance in imported P. falciparum cases have not been evaluated. In this study, we analyzed polymorphisms of the Pfcrt, Pfmdr1, and Pfkelch13 genes in 282 P. falciparum cases returned from Africa to Shandong between 2012 and 2015. Among the isolates, polymorphisms were detected in codons 74–76 of Pfcrt and 86, 184, 1246 of Pfmdr1, among which K76T (36.6%) and Y184F (60.7%) were the most prevalent, respectively. Six Pfcrt haplotypes and 11 Pfmdr1 haplotypes were identified and a comparison was made on the prevalence of haplotypes among East Africa, West Africa, Central Africa and South Africa. One synonymous and 9 nonsynonymous mutations in Pfkelch13 were detected in the isolates (4.6%), among which a candidate artemisinin (ART) resistance mutation P553L was observed. The study establishes fundamental data for detection of chloroquine resistance (CQR) and ART resistance with molecular markers of the imported P. falciparum in China, and it also enriches the genetic data of antimalarial resistance for the malaria endemic countries in Africa.
Identification of chronological and photoageing-associated microRNAs in human skin
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Karlsson Magnus , Marionnet Claire , Bernerd Françoise , Gueniche Audrey , Rawadi Charles E. l. , Ståhle Mona , Sonkoly Enikö , Breton Lionel , Pivarcsi Andor
Published: August 2018

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play key roles in regulating biological processes. In this study, we explored effects of chronological and photoageing on the miRNome of human skin. To this end, biopsies were collected from sun-exposed (outer arm, n = 45) and sun-protected (inner arm, n = 45) skin from fair-skinned (phototype II/III) healthy female volunteers of three age groups: young, 18–25 years, middle age, 40–50 years and aged, > 70 years. Strict inclusion criteria were used for photoageing scoring and for chronological ageing. Microarray analysis revealed that chronological ageing had minor effect on the human skin miRNome. In contrast, photoageing had a robust impact on miRNAs, and a set of miRNAs differentially expressed between sun-protected and sun-exposed skin of the young and aged groups was identified. Upregulation of miR-383, miR-145 and miR-34a and downregulation of miR-6879, miR-3648 and miR-663b were confirmed using qRT-PCR in sun-exposed skin compared with sun-protected skin. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that miR-383, miR-34a and miR-134 were differentially expressed in all three age groups both in chronological and photoageing, suggesting a synergetic effect of intrinsic and extrinsic ageing on their expression. In conclusion, our study identifies a unique miRNA signature which may contribute to skin ageing.
Prenatal Maternal Stress from a Natural Disaster Alters Urinary Metabolomic Profiles in Project Ice Storm Participants
Authors: Paxman Eric J. , Boora Naveenjyote S. , Kiss Douglas , Laplante David P. , King Suzanne , Montina Tony , Metz Gerlinde A. S.
Published: August 2018

Prenatal stress is known to epigenetically program offspring physiology and behaviour, and may become a risk factor for adult complex diseases. To gain insight into the underlying environment-gene interactions, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze urinary metabolomes of male and female adolescents who were in utero during the 1998 Quebec Ice Storm. Metabolomic profiles in adolescent groups were found to be significantly different. Higher prenatal stress exposure generated alterations in metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis, such as branched-chain amino acid synthesis, alanine metabolism, and ketone body metabolism. Dysregulation of energy and protein metabolism suggests an increased risk of metabolic diseases like insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. These findings are consistent with prior observations of physiological phenotypes from this cohort. Understanding the impact of natural disasters on health risks will provide new and improved therapeutic strategies to mitigate stress-associated adverse health outcomes. Using metabolomic biomarkers may also assist in the prediction and prevention of these adverse outcomes.
Biological serial block face scanning electron microscopy at improved z-resolution based on Monte Carlo model
Authors: He Q. , Hsueh M. , Zhang G. , Joy D. C. , Leapman R. D.
Published: August 2018

Serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM) provides nanoscale 3D ultrastructure of embedded and stained cells and tissues in volumes of up to 107 µm3. In SBEM, electrons with 1–3 keV energies are incident on a specimen block, from which backscattered electron (BSE) images are collected withx,yresolution of 5–10 nm in the block-face plane, and successive layers are removed by anin situultramicrotome. Spatial resolution along thez-direction, however, is limited to around 25 nm by the minimum cutting thickness. To improve thez-resolution, we have extracted depth information from BSE images acquired at dual primary beam energies, using Monte Carlo simulations of electron scattering. The relationship between depth of stain and ratio of dual-energy BSE intensities enables us to determine 3D structure with a ×2 improvement inz-resolution. We demonstrate the technique by sub-slice imaging of hepatocyte membranes in liver tissue.
Author Correction: Rapid Nanophotonics Assay for Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Vohra P. , Strobbia P. , Ngo H. T. , Lee W. T. , Vo-Dinh T.
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Exercise capacity and cardiac function in adolescents born post-term
Authors: Murali Mrinal , Hofman Paul L. , Derraik José G. B. , Cutfield Wayne S. , Hornung Tim , Gusso Silmara
Published: August 2018

There is some evidence that children born post-term (≥42 weeks of gestation) have metabolic abnormalities that may be associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes in adulthood. However, there are no data as to whether adolescents born post-term display alterations in aerobic capacity or cardiovascular function. We studied 48 adolescents (56% males) in Auckland (New Zealand) with a mean age of 14.3 years (SD = 1.7): 25 born post-term and 23 born at term (37–41 weeks of gestation). Assessments included metabolic markers in blood, whole body DXA scans, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, maximal exercise capacity, as well as cardiac MRI scan at rest and during submaximal exercise. Exercise capacity was lower in the post-term than in control participants (44.5 vs 47.8 ml/kgffm/min; p = 0.04). There were no differences in left ventricular volumes at rest and during exercise between groups. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring also showed no differences between the two groups. Being born post-term was associated with reduced exercise capacity, but with no observed differences in central cardiac function. We speculate that the reduction in exercise capacity may be due to changes in the peripheral vascular system.
Risk of Hyperlipidemia in Women with Hysterectomy-A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Li Pei-Chen , Tsai I.-Ju , Hsu Chung Y. , Wang Jen-Hung , Lin Shinn-Zong , Ding Dah-Ching , Sung Fung-Chang
Published: August 2018

Hysterectomy has been associated with metabolic change and cardiovascular risk for women after removing the uterus, but inconclusive. This large retrospective cohort study evaluated the hyperlipidemia risk for women with a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. From claims data of one million people in the National Health Insurance (NHI) database of Taiwan, we established a cohort consisting of 5887 women newly received a surgery of hysterectomy from 2000–2013, 563 women had a hysterectomy and a oophorectomy, and 556 women had a oophorectomy. From the claims data, 28024 women without any of the surgeries were identified to form the comparison cohort, frequency matched by birth year and surgery year of the women with hysterectomy. By the end of 2013, the incidence of hyperlipidemia was 1.3 times greater in women with a hysterectomy than in comparison women (3.43 vs. 2.65 per 100 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.27 (95% CI = 1.19–1.35) for hysterectomy women after controlling for age, oophorectomy, hormone therapy and comorbidities. The incidence of hyperlipidemia increased to 4.93 per 100 person-years in women with both a hysterectomy and an oophorectomy. The relative risk of hyperlipidemia was higher for young women than the elderly women with the surgery. Women with comorbidity of obesity, hypertension or diabetes had a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia. In conclusion, the risk of developing hyperlipidemia could be elevated for women who had a hysterectomy and/or an oophorectomy. Women with hysterectomy should routinely monitor their metabolic status, particularly for young women and those with comorbidity of metabolic symptoms.
Toward Fast Neural Computing using All-Photonic Phase Change Spiking Neurons
Authors: Chakraborty Indranil , Saha Gobinda , Sengupta Abhronil , Roy Kaushik
Published: August 2018

The rapid growth of brain-inspired computing coupled with the inefficiencies in the CMOS implementations of neuromrphic systems has led to intense exploration of efficient hardware implementations of the functional units of the brain, namely, neurons and synapses. However, efforts have largely been invested in implementations in the electrical domain with potential limitations of switching speed, packing density of large integrated systems and interconnect losses. As an alternative, neuromorphic engineering in the photonic domain has recently gained attention. In this work, we propose a purely photonic operation of an Integrate-and-Fire Spiking neuron, based on the phase change dynamics of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) embedded on top of a microring resonator, which alleviates the energy constraints of PCMs in electrical domain. We also show that such a neuron can be potentially integrated with on-chip synapses into an all-Photonic Spiking Neural network inferencing framework which promises to be ultrafast and can potentially offer a large operating bandwidth.
Automated human-level diagnosis of dysgraphia using a consumer tablet
Authors: Asselborn Thibault , Gargot Thomas , Kidziński Łukasz , Johal Wafa , Cohen David , Jolly Caroline , Dillenbourg Pierre
Published: August 2018

The academic and behavioral progress of children is associated with the timely development of reading and writing skills. Dysgraphia, characterized as a handwriting learning disability, is usually associated with dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia), or attention deficit disorder, which are all neuro-developmental disorders. Dysgraphia can seriously impair children in their everyday life and require therapeutic care. Early detection of handwriting difficulties is, therefore, of great importance in pediatrics. Since the beginning of the 20th century, numerous handwriting scales have been developed to assess the quality of handwriting. However, these tests usually involve an expert investigating visually sentences written by a subject on paper, and, therefore, they are subjective, expensive, and scale poorly. Moreover, they ignore potentially important characteristics of motor control such as writing dynamics, pen pressure, or pen tilt. However, with the increasing availability of digital tablets, features to measure these ignored characteristics are now potentially available at scale and very low cost. In this work, we developed a diagnostic tool requiring only a commodity tablet. To this end, we modeled data of 298 children, including 56 with dysgraphia. Children performed the BHK test on a digital tablet covered with a sheet of paper. We extracted 53 handwriting features describing various aspects of handwriting, and used the Random Forest classifier to diagnose dysgraphia. Our method achieved 96.6% sensibility and 99.2% specificity. Given the intra-rater and inter-rater levels of agreement in the BHK test, our technique has comparable accuracy for experts and can be deployed directly as a diagnostics tool.
Substrate-led cholesterol extraction from supported lipid membranes
Authors: Miller Ethan J. , Voïtchovsky Kislon , Staykova Margarita
Published: August 2018

Substrates can extract cholesterol from the adjacent lipid membrane, altering its morphology and biophysical properties.
Metal–organic framework derived leaf-like CoSNC nanocomposites for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Wang Yu , Du Qinjie , Zhao Haimin , Hou Shanshan , Shen Yu , Li Hongfeng , Kong Xueying , Sun Wei , Zhang Bo , Li Sheng , Huo Fengwei , Zhang Weina
Published: August 2018

A facile strategy to fabricate leaf-like CoSNC nanocomposites with CoS2 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon frameworks for enhanced electrochemical performance in supercapacitor application.
Directly drawing high-performance capacitive sensors on copying tissues
Authors: Liu Yu-Qing , Zhang Yong-Lai , Jiao Zhi-Zhen , Han Dong-Dong , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: August 2018

Capacitive pressure sensors enabling detection of finger touch, motion and proximity were fabricated by drawing electrode arrays on copying tissues.
Mechanistic evaluation of phytochemicals in breast cancer remedy: current understanding and future perspectives
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Hano Christophe , Giglioli-Guivarc'h Nathalie , Abbasi Bilal Haider
Published: August 2018

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the globe and accounts for a large proportion of fatalities in women.
Superhydrophobic dendritic mesoporous organosilica nano-particles with ultrahigh-content of gradient organic moieties
Authors: Kalantari Mohammad , Liu Yang , Strounina Ekaterina , Yang Yannan , Song Hao , Yu Chengzhong
Published: August 2018

Superhydrophobic dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles with ultrahigh content of gradient organic moieties for superior pyrene decontamination.
Conjugated macro–microporous polymer films bearing tetraphenylethylenes for the enhanced sensing of nitrotoluenes
Authors: Kang Chang Wan , Lee Doo Hun , Shin Young Jun , Choi Jaewon , Ko Yoon-Joo , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Ko Kyoung Chul , Son Seung Uk
Published: August 2018

The conjugated macro–microporous polymer film (MA-CMP-F) showed enhanced sensing performance toward nitrotoluenes, compared with the control CMP-F.
Binding of an amphiphilic phthalocyanine to pre-formed liposomes confers light-triggered cargo release
Authors: Macháček Miloslav , Carter Kevin A. , Kostelanský Filip , Miranda Dyego , Seffouh Amal , Ortega Joaquin , Šimůnek Tomáš , Zimčík Petr , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: August 2018

Liposomes are able to load a range of cargos and have been used for drug delivery applications, including for stimuli-triggered drug release.
Enhanced highly toxic reactive oxygen species levels from iron oxide core–shell mesoporous silica nanocarrier-mediated Fenton reactions for cancer therapy
Authors: Sun Kai , Gao Zhiguo , Zhang Yu , Wu Hongshuai , You Chaoqun , Wang Senlin , An Peijing , Sun Chen , Sun Baiwang
Published: August 2018

Highly toxic reactive oxygen species levels were enhanced via iron oxide core–shell mesoporous silica nanocarrier-mediated Fenton reactions for cancer therapy.
A multi-responsive biomimetic nano-complex platform for enhanced gene delivery
Authors: Bai Xiaoyu , Kong Ming , Wu Xuanjin , Feng Chao , Park Hyunjin , Chen Xiguang
Published: August 2018

RNA interference (RNAi) is widely regarded as a promising technology for disease treatment, yet one major obstacle for its clinical application is the lack of enhanced siRNA delivery vehicles to circumvent complex extra- and intracellular barriers.
Elevated RBP4 plasma levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Jia-Ying , Chen Xian-Xian , Lu Xiao-Hua , Zhang Chuang-Biao , Shi Qi-Ping , Feng Lie
Published: August 2018

The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been postulated to play a role in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus in human and animal studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of RBP4 in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR). Plasma RBP4 concentrations were tested in 287 patients with type 2 diabetes. At baseline, demographic and clinical information including presence of DR and vision-threatening DR (VTDR) was collected. The relationship between RBP4 and DR (VTDR) was investigated using logistic regression. Patients with DR or VTDR had significantly higher plasma levels of RBP4 on admission (P<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) to predict DR and VDTR demonstrated areas under the curve for RBP4 of 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.85) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85–0.94), respectively, which were superior to other factors. For each 1 μg/ml increase in plasma level of RBP4, the unadjusted and adjusted risk of DR would be increased by 8% (with the odds ratio (OR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–1.13), P<0.001) and 5% (1.05 (1.02–1.11), P=0.001), respectively. It was 12% (with the OR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07–1.18), P<0.001) and 9% (1.09 (1.05–1.15), P<0.001) for VTDR. The present study shows that elevated plasma levels of RBP4 were associated with DR and VDTR in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a possible role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of DR complications. Lowering RBP4 could be a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes with DR.
Unified harmonic based power calculation for the bidirectional dual active bridge
Authors: Iqbal M.T. , Maswood A.I. , Khan M.S.U. , Tariq M.
Published: August 2018

Dual active bridge is a promising bidirectional topology characterised by its versatility and operation. Power calculation is based on the average current flowing through the load. Therefore, power calculation becomes rigorous task as separate computation is needed for each mode. To mitigate the complexity of the power computation, a novel unified harmonic based power calculation has been proposed.
Quantifying hydropedological properties of terroir at different scales. Implications in vineyard characteristics of three viticultural regions of the Iberian Peninsula.
Authors: Cámara Joaquín , Lázaro Alberto , Gómez-Miguel Vicente
Published: August 2018

Hydropedology is a branch of science that studies the spatial and temporal variability of the soil water content, knowledge needed for a proper application of precision agriculture techniques in viticulture. This work aims to quantify at different scales hydropedological properties of viticultural regions with different geological, climatic and cultural characteristics, and it also aims to explore the relationships between these hydropedological properties and the vineyard characteristics within the studied regions. The structure of drainage networks at landscape scale and the heterogeneity of the soil particle size distribution are the hydropedological properties considered for the purpose of this study. The three winegrowing regions are the Região Demarcada do Douro, in Portugal, and the D.O. Arribes and D.O. Campo de Borja, in Spain, involving a total area of 4,144 km2. The datasets for this work are the soil maps of the three regions scale 1/25,000, the digital terrain model, and the spatial database with the characteristics of the vineyards within the study area. Qualitative relationships have been established between landscape attributes, vineyard characteristics and physical soil properties. Results show that quantifying hydropedological properties using complexity measures provides innovative information of terroirs that could have multiple applications in terroir zoning studies.
Can Mediterranean terroirs withstand climate change? Case studies at the Alentejo Portuguese winegrowing region
Authors: Lopes Carlos M. , Costa Joaquim M. , Egipto Ricardo , Zarrouk Olfa , Chaves Maria M.
Published: August 2018

Climate change introduced new challenges to vinegrowers in the Mediterranean areas such as the hot and dry winegrowing region of Alentejo, south Portugal. Warmer and drier conditions are harmful for grape yield and berry quality attributes and for vine’s longevity, mainly when optimal thresholds are exceeded. Therefore winegrowers are forced to move from rainfed to irrigated production systems making Alentejo’ wine production strongly based on available water resources for irrigation. This work aims to review and discuss ecophysiological and agronomical data obtained in irrigation trials set up at different terroirs of Alentejo. In the last four decades, classical bioclimatic temperature-based indices showed a significantly positive trend, while the dryness index present a negative trend over time. Furthermore, ecophysiological data collected in deficit irrigation experiments are reviewed and discussed, focusing on the effects of drought and heat stress on vigour, yield and berry composition. Emphasis is given on the indirect effects of leaf senescence on cluster exposure and consequences on berry temperature and composition. In order to promote the sustainability and quality of wine production in these hot and dry terroirs short- to long-term adaptation measures are suggested. The limitations and risks of using deficit irrigation during heat waves are also underlined.
Efectos del uso de cubiertas vegetales en viñedo ecológico de la variedad Pedro Ximénez
Authors: Ramírez Pérez Pilar , Manuel Cabezas Luque José , Sánchez Marín Rosario , Manuel León Gutiérrez Juan
Published: August 2018

El manejo de los suelos vitícolas andaluces ha consistido tradicionalmente en un laboreo muy intensivo con varios pases anuales. Esta aplicación continuada de labores provoca importantes problemas de erosión que se agravan en zonas con pendiente y con suelos de textura arcillosa. El impacto negativo que se genera tanto a nivel ambiental como económico, ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas al laboreo tradicional, como es la implantación de cubiertas vegetales.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en los años 2015 a 2017. Se ha realizado en la finca experimental del IFAPA Centro de Cabra (Córdoba, España), en una parcela de la variedad Pedro Ximénez cultivada en ecológico. Se han evaluado tres tratamientos de manejo de suelo: Laboreo tradicional (L), cubierta vegetal espontánea (CVE) y cubierta vegetal sembrada (CVS). Se ha comparado los efectos de los distintos tratamientos en parámetros relacionados con la fisiología, rendimiento y calidad de la uva.

El laboreo ha mantenido producciones significativamente superiores que los tratamientos de cubiertas vegetales, en dos de las tres campañas estudiadas El peso de madera de poda también fue significativamente mayor en las tres campañas, mientras que el contenido en sólidos solubles fue menor.
Soil typologies in the wine-growing areas of Mallorca, with special emphasis on available water content.
Authors: Rossello Joan , Escalona José M. , Cifre Josep , Vadell Jaume , Medrano Hipólito
Published: August 2018

Under the conditions of the semi-arid Mediterranean climate, soil depth and water retention capacity are the most important characteristics of the soil related to the quality of the wines. The availability of water will mark the development of the vines and the development and maturity of the grape. The characterization and agronomic evaluation of the soil has been carried out from the excavation of 38 soil pits in the main wine growing areas of Mallorca. Cambisols are the most predominant soil typology followed by Cambisols, Regosols and Luvisols. The water classification of the soils has been made according to the maximum water availability (useful water) in 2 m of soil (mm water / 2 m soil). The proposed levels are: very low (<120 mm), low (120-180 mm), Medium (180-240 mm), High (240-300 mm) and Very high> 300 (mm). The most abundant soil type we find that 47% have high soil water availability, 27% very high, 14% normal and 14% low. Establishing an area based on available water content is a tool that allows us to adjust the selection of the most suitable grape varieties in each soil, thus taking advantage more efficiently of the potential of each type of grape.
Geoquímica de los suelos de la D.O. Uclés
Authors: Bravo a Sandra , Jesús García-Navarro Francisco , Amorós Ángel , Pérez-de-los-Reyes Caridad , Jiménez Ballesta Raimundo
Published: August 2018

La D.O. Uclés es una de las más jóvenes de España. Se encuentra situada entre las provincias de Cuenca y Toledo, ocupando una superficie total de viñedo de 1.700 ha. Se han estudiado 17 perfiles de la zona occidental, al Oeste de la Sierra de Altomira, los cuales se muestrearon y clasificaron siguiendo las nomas FAO (1996).

Los suelos estudiados se caracterizan por tener: pH alcalino (pH = 8,24), porcentajes de arcilla de un 20%, valores de conductividad eléctrica elevados (0,44 dS/m) y contenidos altos en CaCO3 (22%) El elemento mayoritario con mayor abundancia relativa es Si (con un valor medio de 196,6 g/kg), seguido por Ca (120,22 g/kg) y Al (63,86 g/kg). Entre los elementos traza llama la atención los elevados contenido en Sr (445,75 mg/kg) Rb (81,64 mg/kg) y Ba (223,61 mg/kg). Se han podido diferenciar varios grupos de suelos utilizando los contenidos en los elementos químicos anteriores, las características físico-químicas y las elevadas correlaciones entre contenido totales en hierro y aluminio con ciertos elementos químicos del grupo de las tierras raras.
Edafodiversidad en viñedos de Castilla-La Mancha, España
Authors: Jiménez Ballesta R. , Pérez-de-los-Reyes C. , Amorós A , Bravo S. , García Navarro F. J
Published: August 2018

En el desarrollo de estrategias relativas al “Terroir”, se requiere una comprensión del grado de edafodiversidad. En un intento de inventariar y zonificar los suelos vitícolas de Castilla La Mancha (CLM), desde 2008 venimos realizando un análisis comprensivo y armonizado de las distintas coberturas edáficas, de los edafotaxa y de su distribución espacial. Fruto de este trabajo se desprende que, a pesar de que CLM ocupa una superficie dominantemente plana, existe gran variedad de sustratos litológicos y posiciones geomorfológicas, lo que conlleva una notable edafodiversidad, incluso a escala detallada. En concreto, se han caracterizado, según Soil Taxonomy (2014), fundamentalmente: Entisoles, Inceptisoles, Alfisoles y Ultisoles; mientras que según FAO-ISRIC-ISSS (2006) existen fundamentalmente: Cambisoles, Calcisoles, Luvisoles, Arenosoles, Gleysoles, Gypsisoles, Fluvisoles, Leptosoles, Regosoles, Acrisoles y Alisoles. Esta tipología de suelos la atribuimos fundamentalmente a procesos tales como alteración mineral parcial, calcificación o acumulación de carbonatos o yesos, argiluviación, rubefacción, etc. También cabe señalar, entre otros, dos procesos singulares y de moderada extensión territorial, como son la salificación y la gleización. Entre los cualificadores más comunes cabe citar los relacionados con la naturaleza de los materiales originarios o con procesos incipientes edafogenéticos, tales como Calcaric, Haplic, Profondic, Skeletic, Leptic, etc.; otros están relacionados con procesos de formación, tales como Chromic, Calcic, Luvic, etc. Sin embargo, desde nuestro punto de vista, se necesitan nuevos calificadores, especialmente en el caso de los Calcisoles.
Efectos de cambio climático en el comportamiento de variedades tintas de Mallorca
Authors: Escalona José M. , María Lluisa Oliver , Medrano Hipólito
Published: August 2018

En los #x00FA;ltimos cincuenta años se ha producido un incremento de las temperaturas medias y una modificaci ón del régimen de precipitación como consecuencia del Cambio climático. Además, las previsiones climáticas a futuro indican que los períodos de sequía extrema y aridez serán cada vez más frecuentes asociadas a incrementos progresivos de la temperatura. La cuenca mediterránea es un área de especial vulnerabilidad frente al cambio climático. En este escenario, se ha comprobado que la vid modifica su comportamiento. Numerosos estudios indican un efecto en la fenología, con brotaciones más tempranas, acortamiento de los ciclos de maduración y un retraso en la finalización del ciclo vegetativo. Además, se está produciendo un cambio en la composición de la uva y de los vinos producidos, que comprometen la identidad de los productos. Todo ello, compromete la definición de Terruño y la tipicidad de los productos de las regiones vitícolas. En Mallorca, la actividad vitícola y la producción de vinos tiene una extensa historia. En la actualidad conviven variedades locales con variedades foráneas. Hasta ahora no se han realizado estudios de los efectos del cambio climático en el comportamiento de estas variedades en las condiciones particulares de la Isla. Por ello, este trabajo pretende aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre dichos efectos, Los resultados muestran que en los últimos 50 años se ha producido un incremento de 1,5 ºC en la temperatura media anual y se han repetido períodos de sequía cada vez más prolongados en el tiempo. Como consecuencia, se ha producido un incremento significativo de la concentración de azúcares del mosto y, por ende, de la graduación de los vinos. Por otra parte, se han adelantado las vendimias sobre todo en variedades de ciclo medio y largo de maduración. De todas las variedades estudiadas, la variedad local Manto Negro es la que ha mostrado una mayor capacidad de adaptación a las nuevas condiciones climáticas.
Estudio de las propiedades de retención de humedad de suelos vitícolas en Castilla-La Mancha (España)
Authors: Pérez-de-los-Reyes a Caridad , Luisa Pérez-de-los-Reyes María , Chocano David , Sánchez-Ormeño Mónica , Bravo Sandra , Amorós Ángel José , Francisco Jesús García Navarro
Published: August 2018

En el presente trabajo se estudió la relación entre las principales características del suelo que influyen en la retención de humedad (densidad aparente y porcentajes de arena, limo, arcilla, materia orgánica y carbonato cálcico) y la humedad gravimétrica a capacidad de campo (CC), punto de marchitez permanente (PMP) y capacidad de retención de agua disponible (CRAD) o agua útil de los horizontes superficiales de 101 suelos vitícolas de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Los suelos se describieron morfológicamente y se realizaron los análisis pertinentes de establecimiento de las principales propiedades de los mismos. La CC y PMP se determinaron con el método de placas Richards (aplicando -33 KPa y -1500 KPa, respectivamente) y la CRAD fue deducida por diferencia (CC-PMP). Del Análisis de Componentes Principales se deduce que dos componentes explican el 61,76% de la variabilidad de los datos (porcentaje de contenido en arena y densidad aparente). Las propiedades que mostraron una mayor relación lineal, estadísticamente significativa, con CC, PMP y CRAD fueron el porcentaje de arena (R= -0,68, -0,68 y -0,47) y de limo (0,5, 0,49 y 0,37) respectivamente. Se utilizóel programa Surfer para la elaboración de mapas de distribución espacial de propiedades del suelo.
Varietal responses to soil water deficit: first results from a common-garden vineyard near Bordeaux France
Authors: Gowdy Mark , Destrac-Irvine Agnès , Haines Martina , Gambetta Gregory , Pieri Philippe , Marguerit Elisa , van Leeuwen Cornelis
Published: August 2018

In wine producing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to decrease the frequency and amount of precipitation and increase average and extreme temperatures. This will both lower soil water availability and increase evaporative demand in vineyards, thereby increasing soil water deficits and associated vine stress. Grapevines control their water status by regulating stomatal closure and other changes to internal plant hydraulics. These responses are complex and have not been clearly characterized across a wide range of different Vitis vinifera varieties. Understanding how vine water status responds to changes in soil water deficits and other variables will help growers modify vineyard design and management practices to meet their quality and yield objectives. Carbon isotope discrimination measurements of certain plant tissues have been shown to provide effective characterization of stomatal closure, while water potential measurements provide a well-proven measure of overall vine water status. Using replicated data collected from an experimental common-garden vineyard at the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV) near Bordeaux, France, this project will analyze the effects on carbon isotope discrimination across 39 varieties and water potential across eight varieties against estimates of soil water deficits made using a water balance model running on local meteorology and considering the phenology of each variety. Similar to the literature, preliminary analysis finds as soil water deficit increases, carbon isotope data suggests greater stomatal closure and water potential measurements indicate greater vine stress. For both parameters, analysis will be performed to distinguish any difference in these responses between varieties.
How can remote sensing techniques help monitoring the vine and maximize the terroir potential?
Authors: Tondriaux Cecile , Costard Anne , Bertin Corinne , Duthoit Sylvie , Hourdel Jérôme , Rousseau Jacques
Published: August 2018

In each winegrowing region, the winegrower tries to value its terroir and the oenologists do their best to produce the best wine. Thanks to new remote sensing techniques, it is possible to implement a segmentation of the vineyard according to the qualitative potential of the vine stocks and make the most of each terroir to improve wine quality. High resolution satellite images are processed in several spectral bands and algorithms set-up specifically for the Oenoview service allow to estimate vine vigour and a heterogeneity index that, used together, directly reflect the vineyard oenological potential. This service is used in different terroirs in France (Burgundy, Languedoc, Bordeaux, Anjou) and in other countries (Chile, Spain, Hungary and China). From this experience, we will show how remote sensing can help managing vine and wine production in all covered terroirs. Depending on the winegrowing region and its specificities, its use and results present some differences and similarities that we will highlight. We will give an overview of the method used, the advantage of implementing field intra-or inter-selection and how to optimize the use of amendment and sampling strategy as well as how to anticipate the whole vineyard management.
Microscopic investigation on concrete cured internally by using porous ceramic roof-tile waste aggregate
Authors: Shigeta Azusa , Ogawa Yuko , Kawai Kenji
Published: August 2018

Porous ceramic roof-tile waste aggregate (PCA), which is a recycled material, is an effective internal curing material for concrete. Part of the aggregate is replaced with saturated internal curing material to supply internal water into the cement paste continuously. Internal water is effective to promote the hydration of cement paste, especially in concrete with a low water-to-cement ratio because external curing water cannot easily reach inside the concrete. It has been reported that PCA leads to an increase in compressive strength and the reduction of autogenous shrinkage of concrete. However, the effects of PCA in previous researches are different with regards to the experimental conditions and have not been evaluated sufficiently. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of internal water supplied from PCA microscopically. In the experimental program, a compressive strength test was conducted for 6 types of concrete with a W/C of 0.35. The microhardness around the aggregate in the concrete was also measured to investigate the extent of the influence of the internal water supply. The results showed the possibility that microhardness of ITZ around PCA is improved by internal curing water supply and the compressive strength of concrete is also improved by using PCA.
Strength development of cement-treated sand using different cement types cured at different temperatures
Authors: Ho Lanh Si , Nakarai Kenichiro , Eguchi Kenta , Sasaki Takashi , Morioka Minoru
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to investigate the strength development of cement-treated sand using different cement types: ordinary Portland cement (OPC), high early strength Portland cement (HPC), and moderate heat Portland cement (MPC) cured at different temperatures. The cementtreated sand specimens were prepared with 8% of cement content and cured under sealed conditions at 20οC and 40οC, and mortar specimens were also prepared for reference. The results showed that the compressive strength of cement-treated sand increased in order of MPC, OPC, and HPC under high curing temperatures. It was interesting that the compressive strength of the specimens using HPC was much larger than that of the specimen using OPC and MPC under 20οC due to the larger amount of chemically bound water. Additionally, it was revealed that under high curing temperatures, the pozzolanic reaction was accelerated in the cement-treated sand; this may be caused by the high proportions of sand in the mixtures.
Effect of co-existing ions on lead leaching behaviour from hardened cement paste
Authors: Nishiwaki Takumi , Zhou Shaojun , Yamasaki Masaharu , Ogawa Yuko , Kawai Kenji
Published: August 2018

Recently, in the concrete field, the use of industrial wastes for concrete materials is expected for environmental reasons. However, these wastes may contain hazardous heavy metals. It is well known that cement paste has an ability to fix heavy metal ions, whereas it was also found that absorbed heavy metal ions can easily leach from cement paste in the presence of a CaCl2 solution. The present study aims to investigate the lead leaching behaviours from hardened cement pastes in various chloride solutions by tank leaching tests. The water-to-cement ratios of the cement paste specimens were 0.40 and 0.55. Lead was added to the cement pastes at 1 mass% of cement. Each chloride solution for the tank leaching test had three kinds of concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%). After the tank leaching tests, the chemical changes of the specimens were analysed to discuss the effect of co-existing ions in the solutions. The results indicate that the cumulative lead leaching amount is related to the types of chloride solution as well as the concentrations of the solutions. The lead leaching amount in the CaCl2 solution was much higher than that in other solutions.
The influence of molarity variations to the mechanical behavior of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Purwanto  , Han Ay Lie , Nuroji  , Jaya Ekaputri Januarti
Published: August 2018

Research on geopolymer concrete has seen a new light in the analyses and experiments for special topics in the field of their mechanical properties. Among the most important are studies of geopolymer concrete subjected to confinement and bond. Regarding the basic material behavior, research of material proportions formulations, mix design formulas and inventions towards the development of a high-performance geopolymer concrete, were conducted. The latest looked into the effects of molar activator concentrations to the 28 days compression strength, and the strength development as a function of concrete age for geopolymer concretes. The specimens were 150 by 300-millimeter cylinders tested in uniaxial compression. The molarity variations were set at 6, 8, and 10 molars. The geopolymer concrete samples were compared to conventional concrete specimens, having the exact same volumetric material proportions. The cement was replaced with fly ash, and the activator with water. The aggregate content was taken as a constant. The concrete strength as a function of molar increase followed a parabolic, convex pattern, suggesting that a maximum value exists. The strength development of all geopolymer concretes had a slower rate when compared to conventional concrete.
Effects of microbial agents to the properties of fly ash-based paste
Authors: Dwi Wulandari Kiki , Jaya Ekaputri Januarti , Triwulan  , Fujiyama Chikako , H. E. Setiamarga Davin
Published: August 2018

Specific microbial agents such as bacteria are often used in concrete to improve its performance. Some microbes act as self-healing agents to close cracks in concrete, and to increase concrete strength. This paper presents a study to observe the effects of microbe addition to two types of concrete mixtures the fly ash-based, as geopolymer paste, and portland cement paste containing fly ash. Furthermore, the investigation was conducted to compare the properties of each paste, such as its compressive strengths, specific gravities, porosity, microstructures, and XRay diffracting properties. The results indicate that microbial activities positively affected the properties of both, portland cement paste and geopolymer paste. The result reported here strongly suggests that fly ash can be used to produce a high quality, but environmental friendly construction material when it’s mixed together with useful microbes.
Evaluation of bond strength between normal concrete and high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC)
Authors: Adibah Ayuni Abd Malek Nur , Muhamad Khairunnisa , Zulham Affandi Mohd Zahid Mohd , Ain Hamiruddin Nur , Zaiha Zainol Norrazman , Yahya Norhaizura , Bahaman Nurulashikin , Mohd Ramli Nurfaraheen
Published: August 2018

High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC) has been proposed to be used as a repair material for the deterioration of concrete structure since its very low porosity that leads to a low permeability and high durability. This characteristic makes it suitable for rehabilitation and retrofitting reinforced concrete structures or for as a new repair material. The bond strength between HPFRC and old concrete should have a good bond strength, thus surface preparation method and curing method can help strengthen the bond strength between HPFRC and normal concrete. This paper was performed to study the effect of surface preparation and curing method on the bond strength between HPFRC and normal concrete. In this study, three surface preparations were prepared: sandblasting, grooved and drill hole. Then, the curing methods that were performed in this study are ambient curing and water curing. The tests that were conducted to evaluate the bond strength between HPFRC and normal concrete are slant shear test and splitting tensile test. The result from this study shows that sandblasting gave the highest bond strength result between normal concrete and HPFRC. For the curing method, water curing gives the highest bond strength between normal concrete and HPFRC.
Shear-bond behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) rods and sheets
Authors: Han Aylie , Gan Buntara S. , Budipriyanto Agung
Published: August 2018

The use of external reinforcement has gained an increasingly major position due to the adjustment in earthquake standards, mandating a significant improvement in the section’s moment capacity. Studies on the behavior and enhancement contributed by FRP sheets demonstrated that its effectiveness was a direct function of the shear-bond strength. A prominent contributing factor was the response of the interface between the sheets and the epoxy resin, and the interface between the epoxy resin to the concrete surface. Recently, FRP rods were produced. These rods which are 8 and 10 millimeters in diameter offer ease in use, and simplicity in the application procedure. This study looked into the shear-bond behavior of FRP rods as compared to sheets. Direct tensile stresses were applied to test the shearbond between the sheets and rods, attached to a 35 MPa concrete surface. The failure behavior of the bond was also monitored. Additionally, the effectiveness of the embedded depth of the FRP rods relative to the concrete surface was also analyzed.
Performance of composite local glass fibre sheets and epoxy on flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Sudarsana I Ketut
Published: August 2018

Application of fibre sheets to strengthening reinforced concrete members has been investigated extensively. This paper presents the results on the use of composite local materials such as woven roving glass fibre sheets and epoxy to flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. As many as 24 specimens with variation on the number of fibre layers (one and two layers) and end anchorage techniques (fasteners, U-shape straps, steel bolts) have been tested. It is shown that the effectiveness of glass fibre can be attained only on the specimens with one-layer sheet indicated by the rupture of fibre composite before specimen failure. Strengthening using two layers, bonding failure and delamination of fibre occur before the fibre develops maximum strength. Applying end anchors on the cut-off point of the two layers of fibreglass improves performance of the composite materials in the range of 5.0% to 16.5%. In addition, the end anchors also prevent delamination of the fibre sheet to occur at the cut-off point.
Shear properties evaluation of natural fibre reinforced epoxy composites using V-notch shear test
Authors: Fajrin Jauhar , Herlina Sari Nasmi
Published: August 2018

This paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation on the shear properties of natural fibre composites using the V-Notch or Iosipescu shear test. The natural fiber composites were made of jute and hemp fibers reinforced epoxy polymer resin. The testing was conducted using an MTS machine equipped with a 10 kN load cell in accordance with the ASTM standard D5379M. The testing machine was set-up to apply a load with a speed of 2 mm/min. It was found that the jute fiber composites (JFC) have an average shear stress of 25.56 MPa, while the hemp fiber composites (HFC) have an average value of 22.46 MPa. The loaddisplacement graphs showed a nearly linear trend at the initial loading stage that slightly deflected prior to reaching the maximum load. Most of the specimens in both groups, JFC and HFC, showed fractures in a diagonal cracking pattern, known as an off-axial failure mode. Only a few specimens collapsed across the notched section. Both are customary failure modes for this type of shear test.