bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buckling Strength of Single Angle Struts Part 3: Cross-Bracing in Tower Structure
Authors: Chen Shaofan , Wang Xiantie
Published: July 2013

Single angle cross bracings are customarily used in tower structures. According to the joint detailing, there exists not only force eccentricity but also rotational restraint at member ends. In addition, interaction occurs at the member buckling within a bracing panel, as well as within the two portions of a member. All these render the stability calculation rather complicate. In the current codes for tower design, simplified formulae of equivalent slenderness are given so as the member stability can be calculated as axially compressed struts. But these formulae are somewhat crude, giving unbalanced reliability. In this study, basing on the theory of elastic stability, and considering member buckling interaction in close coordination with joint detailing, formulae with better accuracy and reliability are put forward. One of the features of the proposed approach is the distinction between the cross-bracings connected to single angle leg post and those connected to a doubly symmetric leg post. The second feature lies in the refined formulae for specific interaction cases. The suggested formulae correlate well with available test data. Moreover, examination of test results reveals that it is unnecessary to specify lower buckling strength for cross-bracing bars connected by one bolt, provided that there is no in-plane eccentricity at the joint.
Erratum: Simplified Analytical Pushover Method for Precast Segmental Concrete Bridge Columns (Vol. 16, 805–822, 2013)
Authors: Bu Zhan-Yu , Ou Yu-Chen
Published: July 2013

In page 807 paragraph 1 line 7, there was an error with the figure name, the correct version appears below: column enters the second stage [Figure 1(b)].

In page 812, there was an error with equation 25. The correct version appears below: [Formula: see text]
Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened by Epoxy Mortar Panel with Steel Fibers
Authors: Lee K. S. , Lee S. H. , Shin S. W.
Published: July 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a new strengthening material that increases the shear strength and improves the deformation capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) beam members. A new composite material named epoxy mortar with steel fiber (EMSF) was prepared by inserting steel fibers into an epoxy mortar to provide the new strengthening material with high strength-toughness characteristics. In this study, materials and structural tests were employed. The materials tests assessed the influence of the volume percentage and the length of steel fiber on the tensile strength and toughness capacity of the composite material, EMSF. The structural tests help determine the influence of the EMSF panel type and thickness on the shear capacity and shear failure mode of strengthened RC beam members. The results of the two test groups are summarized as follows: 1) the results from the material tests indicated that the EMSF panel with 35 mm steel fibers exhibited high tensile strength, and the EMSF panel with both 35 mm and 50 mm steel fibers showed good toughness capacity; 2) the RC beam strengthened by an EMSF panel with short (35 mm) fibers possessed the highest shear strength, 3) the RC beam strengthened by an EMSF panel with both short (35 mm) and long (50 mm) fibers exhibited improved deformation capacity; and 4) a shear strength equation was derived from the equilibrium of the cracked RC beam members and is in good agreement with the test results.
Coagulation and Condensation of Aerosols in Atmospheric Dispersion Model
Authors: Priya P. Meena , Ratchagar Nirmala P.
Published: July 2013

The simultaneous effect of electric field and couple stress on the generalized dispersion of an unsteady convective diffusion in a poorly conducting fluid through a channel is investigated. A two dimensional flow has been considered and the resulting partial differential equation have been solved analytically using the mixture theory together with a regular perturbation technique. The solutions are computed and the results show that the solute is dispersed relative to a plane moving with the mean speed of couple stress poorly conducting fluid as well as the mean speed of coagulation of aerosols with a relative unsteady dispersion coefficient. The graphs for velocity, mean concentration and dispersion coefficient are presented for different values of electric number and couple stress parameter. They show that the effect of couple stress is predominate only for small values.
Verification of a Higher-Order Finite Difference Scheme for the One-Dimensional Two-Fluid Model
Authors: Fullmer William D. , de Bertodano Martin A. Lopez , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: July 2013

The one-dimensional two-fluid model is widely acknowledged as the most detailed and accurate macroscopic formulation model of the thermo-fluid dynamics in nuclear reactor safety analysis. Currently the prevailing one-dimensional thermal hydraulics codes are only first-order accurate. The benefit of first-order schemes is numerical viscosity, which serves as a regularization mechanism for many otherwise ill-posed two-fluid models. However, excessive diffusion in regions of large gradients leads to poor resolution of phenomena related to void wave propagation. In this work, a higher-order shock capturing method is applied to the basic equations for incompressible and isothermal flow of the one-dimensional two-fluid model. The higher-order accuracy is gained by a strong stability preserving multi-step scheme for the time discretization and a minmod flux limiter scheme for the convection terms. Additionally the use of a staggered grid allows for several second-order centered terms, when available. The continuity equations are first tested by manipulating the two-fluid model into a pair of linear wave equations and tested for smooth and discontinuous initial data. The two-fluid model is benchmarked with the water faucet problem. With the higher-order method, the ill-posed nature of the governing equations presents severe challenges due to a growing void fraction jump in the solution. Therefore the initial and boundary conditions of the problem are modified in order to eliminate a large counter-current flow pattern that develops. With the modified water faucet problem the numerical models behave well and allow a convergence study. Using the L1 norm of the liquid fraction, it is verified that the first and higher-order numerical schemes converge to the quasi-analytical solution at a rate of O(1/2) and O(2/3), respectively. It is also shown that the growing void jump is a contact discontinuity, i.e. it is a linearly degenerate wave. The sub-linear convergence rates are in exact agreement with the theory for a contact discontinuity.
Wave Overtopping over Crown Walls and Run-up on Rubble Mound Breakwaters with Kolos Armour under Random Waves
Authors: Arunjith A. , Sannasiraj S.A. , Sundar V.
Published: July 2013

The design of rubble mound structures like breakwaters and seawalls are influenced by the wave run-up and overtopping over them. The above phenomena largely depend on the type of the armour units as they directly interact with the incident waves. The hydrodynamic characteristics of various concrete armour units have been established by several researchers. A new armour block, ‘Kolos’, a modified version of Dolos, is considered in this study for a detailed investigation. An attempt is made to establish empirical relationships for the estimation of wave overtopping discharges over crown wall and run-up on Kolosarmoured slope exposed to random wave from the results of a comprehensive experimental program. Further, the results are compared with that of a tested section with natural rocks as armour layer and with that of other investigators.
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Forecast Monthly and Seasonal Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Mahongo S. B. , Deo M. C.
Published: July 2013

A study implementing Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input (NARX) neural network has been undertaken to predict monthly and seasonal SST anomalies in the western Indian Ocean. The study involves a coastal site located along the eastern African seashore, and an oceanic site that lies precisely within the western pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Performance of the network is measured by a series of statistical indicators during testing phase (1981–2010), and results are compared with outputs from three other neural networks and a linear system, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Input (ARIMAX) model. The NARX network has provided the best overall performance, but the other four models have also given sufficiently good predictions. The monthly predictions are on average within an error of ±0.09°C for the first 50% and 90% within ±0.22°C. The corresponding errors for the seasonal predictions are ±0.04°C and ±0.09°C, respectively. The RMSE between observations and predictions is about 0.13°C and 0.06°C for the monthly and seasonal SST anomalies, while the average correlation coefficient is about 0.88 and 0.98, respectively.
First report of fingerprinting dried herbal products using a subtractive diversity array
Authors: Niu Linhai , Mantri Nitin , Wohlmuth Hans , Li Chunguang , Xue Charlie C. , Pang Edwin
Published: July 2013

Introduction Sequence-independent microarrays have never been used to identify and authenticate dried herbal plants. Methods: We report successful fingerprinting of seven species: Leonurus sibiricus, Astragalus membranaceus, Coix lachryma-jobi, Magnolia biondii, Abutilon theophrasti, Physalis alkekengi, and Salvia miltiorrhiza from dried tissues using a sequence-independent microarray, “Subtracted Diversity Array”.

Results: Herbal plants could be identified from tissues as they were sold at the clinic. Hierarchical cluster of these species generated using SPSS v.15.0 confirmed to their predicted taxonomical relationships as specified in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. A polymorphism rate of 40.7% was achieved from the 376 spots used for fingerprinting. Functional characterization of polymorphic features by sequencing revealed 27.1% of those were retroelements or genes.

Conclusions: This technique provides a new way to produce markers for authenticating dried herbal samples.
Research utilization and evidence-based practice among Saskatchewan massage therapists
Authors: Gowan-Moody Donelda M. , Leis Anne M. , Abonyi Sylvia , Epstein Michael , Premkumar Kalyani
Published: July 2013

While massage therapy (MT) is an increasingly used health care service with a growing evidence base, there is insufficient information about the extent to which MT practice is evidence-based. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of Saskatchewan MT’s research utilization to inform the development of evidence-based massage therapy practice. The main objectives of the study were to describe MT’s perceptions of research, their appraised self-efficacy in research literacy and to identify the characteristic of practitioners who use research. Using a survey design all 815 registered members of the Massage Therapist Association of Saskatchewan were invited to complete a mail-out questionnaire. A total of 333 questionnaires were completed and returned for a 41% response rate. Univariate and logistic regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0. While overall perceptions of research were positive, self-efficacy in research literacy was low and research utilization was limited. Characteristics associated with research use included referring to online research databases and peer-reviewed journals, belief that practice should be based on research, and 20 or greater hours per week of practice. Provincial regulatory status may be the first step to quality service delivery and research literacy training and support is needed for practitioners.
Robert Heath Lock and His Textbook of Genetics, 1906
Authors: Edwards A W F
Published: July 2013

Robert Heath Lock (1879–1915), a Cambridge botanist associated with William Bateson and R. C. Punnett, published his book Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution in 1906. This was a remarkable textbook of genetics for one appearing so early in the Mendelian era. It covered not only Mendelism but evolution, natural selection, biometry, mutation, and cytology. It ran to five editions but was, despite its success, largely forgotten following Lock’s early death in 1915. Nevertheless it was the book that inspired H. J. Muller to do genetics and was remembered by A. H. Sturtevant as the source of the earliest suggestion that linkage might be related to the exchange of parts between homologous chromosomes. Here we also put forward evidence that it had a major influence on the statistician and geneticist R. A. Fisher at the time he was a mathematics student at Cambridge.
Robust Identification of Local Adaptation from Allele Frequencies
Authors: Günther Torsten , Coop Graham
Published: July 2013

Comparing allele frequencies among populations that differ in environment has long been a tool for detecting loci involved in local adaptation. However, such analyses are complicated by an imperfect knowledge of population allele frequencies and neutral correlations of allele frequencies among populations due to shared population history and gene flow. Here we develop a set of methods to robustly test for unusual allele frequency patterns and correlations between environmental variables and allele frequencies while accounting for these complications based on a Bayesian model previously implemented in the software Bayenv. Using this model, we calculate a set of “standardized allele frequencies” that allows investigators to apply tests of their choice to multiple populations while accounting for sampling and covariance due to population history. We illustrate this first by showing that these standardized frequencies can be used to detect nonparametric correlations with environmental variables; these correlations are also less prone to spurious results due to outlier populations. We then demonstrate how these standardized allele frequencies can be used to construct a test to detect SNPs that deviate strongly from neutral population structure. This test is conceptually related to FST and is shown to be more powerful, as we account for population history. We also extend the model to next-generation sequencing of population pools—a cost-efficient way to estimate population allele frequencies, but one that introduces an additional level of sampling noise. The utility of these methods is demonstrated in simulations and by reanalyzing human SNP data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel populations and pooled next-generation sequencing data from Atlantic herring. An implementation of our method is available from http://gcbias.org.
Semiconductor Nanostructures defined by self-organizing Polymers
Authors: Haupt Michael , Miller Stephan , Ladenburger Andreas , Sauer Rolf , Thonke Klaus , Riethmueller Silke , Moeller Martin , Banhart Florian
Published: July 2013

In the near future it will be more and more important to produce real nanometer-sized structures for semiconductor devices (e.g., quantum dot lasers) but also for nano-biomechanical applications like the so-called total analysis system implemented on one chip.

We describe here a technique to create nanometer-sized structures in semiconductors and metals by the use of self-assembling diblock copolymers as nano-lithographic masks. Semiconductor quantum structures with very high aspect ratio of 1:10 were fabricated from III-V semiconductor heterostructures by anisotropic dry etching. In a first step, so-called diblock copolymer micelles were generated in a toluene solution. These micelles were loaded by a noblemetal salt. With a “Langmuir Blodgett” technique we can decorate complete wafers with a monolayer of highly ordered micelles, covering almost the complete surface. After treatment in a hydrogen plasma all of the organic components are removed and only crystalline metal clusters of ~12 nm size remain. This metal cluster mask can be used directly in a highly anisotropic chlorine dry etching process to etch cylinders in GaAs and its In and Al alloys. It is also possible to etch through a quantum well layer underneath the surface in order to produce quantum dots.

By evaporating metals and applying a wet chemical image reversal process, we can invert the etched structure and generate a gauzy gold film with nano-holes inside. It is thinkable to use this porous gold film as a nano-filter in upcoming nano-biotechnology applications.
Thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: update on the Brazilian consensus
Authors: Rosário Pedro Weslley , Ward Laura S. , Carvalho Gisah A. , Graf Hans , Maciel Rui M. B. , Maciel Léa Maria Z. , Maia Ana Luiza , Vaisman Mário
Published: July 2013

Thyroid nodules are frequent findings, especially when sensitive imaging methods are used. Although thyroid cancer is relatively rare, its incidence is increasing, particularly in terms of small tumors, which have an uncertain clinical relevance. Most patients with differentiated thyroid cancer exhibit satisfactory clinical outcomes when treatment is appropriate, and their mortality rate is similar to that of the overall population. However, relapse occurs in a considerable fraction of these patients, and some patients stop responding to conventional treatment and eventually die from their disease. Therefore, the challenge is how to identify the individuals who require more aggressive disease management while sparing the majority of patients from unnecessary treatments and procedures. We have updated the Brazilian Consensus that was published in 2007, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic advances that the participants, representing several Brazilian university centers, consider most relevant in clinical practice. The formulation of the present guidelines was based on the participants' experience and a review of the relevant literature.
Undetectable pre-ablation thyroglobulin levels in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: it is not always what it seems
Authors: Pitoia Fabián , Bueno Maria F. , Abelleira Erika , Salvai Maria E. , Bergoglio Liliana , Luster Markus , Niepomniszcze Hugo
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To establish the frequency of U Tg (undetectable pre-ablation thyroglobulin) in TgAb- negative patients and to evaluate the outcome in the follow-up. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 335 patients' records. Twenty eight patients (9%) had U Tg. Mean follow-up was 42 ± 38 months. All subjects had undergone total thyroidectomy, and lymph nodes were positive in 13 (46%) patients. Tg and TgAb levels were measured 4 weeks after surgery by IMA technology in hypothyroid state. No evidence of disease (NED) status was defined as undetectable (< 1 ng/mL) stimulated Tg and negative Tg-Ab and/or negative WBS, together with normal imaging studies. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (61%) were considered with NED. Four patients (14%) had persistent disease (mediastinum, n = 1, lung n = 2, unknown n = 1), and 7 (25%) had detectable TgAb by other method during their follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: U Tg levels usually is associated to a complete surgery. However, in a low percentage of patients, this may be related to false negative Tg or TgAb measurement.
Evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer during pregnancy in a community University Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Cabezón Carmen Amalia , Carrizo Laura Carolina , Costanzo Pablo René
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the presentation, follow-up and evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) detected during pregnancy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty nine women with DTC detected during pregnancy were analyzed. Group I (n = 13) was seen during pregnancy and DTC was diagnosed during gestation; detection of the nodule occurred during pregnancy (first trimester). Group II (n = 16) was seen after delivery; detection of the nodule occurred during pregnancy (second or third trimester). Complete thyroidectomy, ablative dose of radioactive iodine, and treatment with levothyroxine were performed. Follow-up: neck ultrasound; TSH, free T4, thyroglobulin, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies with and without treatment with levothyroxine; and 131I whole body scans. Histological diagnosis, lymph node metastases, tumor size and stage, complications from pregnancy, and DTC evolution were evaluated. RESULTS: 100% of the patients had papillary thyroid carcinoma. Lymph node metastases were detected in 13 (44.8%), and invasion of adjacent extrathyroid tissue in 2 patients. Tumor size was larger in Group II: 22.1 ± 10.9 versus 13.9 ± 3.5 mm; p = 0.03. No differences were found in the tumor stages between groups. All patients had full-term pregnancies and healthy newborns. Follow-up: 5.7 ± 4.3 years; one patient had persistent disease. CONCLUSIONS: DTC detected during pregnancy had a favorable evolution. Surgery may be postponed to the post-delivery period, unless there are risk factors that justify it during pregnancy.
Fundamentos bioquímicos da hereditariedade
Authors: Otto Paulo A.
Published: July 2013

Os autores apresentam os resultados de levantamentos seccionais sobre a prevalência e a morbidade da esquistossomose mansônica no Estado de Alagoas. Os inquéritos foram feitos em oito localidades, urbanas e rurais. A prevalência da esquistossomose e de outras helmintoses intestinais foi muito elevada. As formas hepato-esplênicas variaram de 1 a 3%.
Imunização de camundongos com "vacina" viva avirulenta de Trypanosoma cruzi: IV. ensaio de esquema de "vacinação"[ign]
Authors: Menezes Humberto
Published: July 2013

A parasitemia e o exame histológico revelaram que, aparentemente camundongos que receberam duas doses de "vacina" reagiram melhor a vma infecção virulenta do T. cruzi do que animais "vacinados'' uma única vez. Nestes a infecção realizada quatro ou dez semanas depois da imunização não alterou substancialmente a resposta imunitária medida pela parasitemia, percentual de mortalidade e grau da resposta tissular. Animais unicamente "vacinados", com uma ou duas doses, não apresentaram alterações histológicas diferentes das dos animais normais. Êstes mostraram quase sempre um discreto grau de inflamação crônica focal no miocáráio, e fígado.
Tratamento pelo metronidazol de pacientes com a forma crônica da Doença de Chagas
Authors: Levi Guido Carlos , Amato Neto Vicente
Published: July 2013

Usando dose diária de 1.500 mg de metronidazol, durante dois meses, trataram os autores 13 pacientes com a forma crônica da doença de Chapas. Através de informações sorológicas, radiológicas e eletrocardiográficas, verificaram que a conduta adotada não proporcionou resultados benéficos e, dessa maneira, pelo menos em face à posologia utilizada, nao puderam apoiar informações que sugeriram possuir a droga em aprêço aproveitável atividade antiparasitária, em relação ao Trypanosoma cruzi.
O pêso do coração em chagásicos crônicos
Authors: Pitella J. E. H. , Barbosa A. J. A. , Tafuri W. L. , Chapadeiro E.
Published: July 2013

Os AA. estudaram o pêso do coração em 740 chagásicos crônicos. O pêso do coração de indivíduos que faleceram com e sem I. C. C. e sem "megas" variou de 100 a 1.075 g. O maior número (564) era de corações com I. C. C. e pesavam entre 201 e 800 g, e apenas 45, sem I. C .C., pesavam entre 151 e 500 g. O peso do coração de indivíduos que faleceram com e sem I. C. C. mas com "megas" variou de 100 a 750 g. O maior número de corações com (39) e sem (60) I. C. C. pesou entre 101 e 450 g. O pêso médio dos corações chagásicos (740) foi de 435 ±5,6 g. Já o pêso médio dos corações chagásicos com e sem I. C. C., sem "megas' foi de 479±5,6 g e o pêso médio dos corações com e sem I. C. C. e com "megas" foi de 314±12,6 g. A análise estatística aplicada demonstrou haver diferença significativa en¬tre as duas médias. A hipotrofia constatada nos corações de indivíduos portadores de "megas", especialmente de megaesôfago, está relacionada com o estado de desnutrição e não com a idade.
Inquérito sôbre a incidência da esquistossomose mansônica entre indivíduos interessados em ingressar em corporação militar do Estado de São Paulo: considerações sôbre a referida verminose como causa de rejeição de candidatos a empregos
Authors: Amato Neto Vicente , Pedro Rogério de Jesus , Mendonça João Silva de , Feldman Keyla Belizia , Konichi Sélia Reiko , Levy Alberto
Published: July 2013

Em várias regiões do Brasil, há rejeição, por diferentes instituições, de indivíduos com esquistossomíase mansônica que se candidatam a empregos, sem serem levados em conta os estádios evolutivos da verminose. Preocupados com essa questão e com a finalidade de coletar, a título de exemplo, informação objetiva sobre aspecto prático a ela concernente, efetuaram os autores inquérito entre 601 pessoas interessadas em ingressar em corporação militar da cidade de São Paulo, baseado na utilização da prova intradérmica para o diagnóstico da helmintíase. Registraram a percentagem de positividade de 13,3%, considerada muito expressiva e tradutora de situação concreta, merecedora de enfática consideração, em face às implicações, de múltiplas ordens, tais como social, econômica e médica, que encerra.
Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Pará
Authors: Silva Jenevaldo Barbosa da , Fonseca Adivaldo Henrique da , Andrade Stefano Juliano Tavares de , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e , Oliveira Carlos Magno Chaves , Barbosa José Diomedes
Published: July 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a prevalência sorológica de Toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Foram selecionados randomicamente 319 bubalinos distribuídos em sete municípios da Ilha do Marajó. Para efeito comparativo também foram avaliados 128 bubalinos pertencentes a cinco municípios do Estado do Pará. A prevalência sorológica de Toxoplasma gondii foi avaliada pelo Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimático Indireto (iELISA). As amostras diagnósticadas como positivas no iELISA foram submetidas a Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Foram avaliados os fatores de risco: localidade, raça, gestação, co-infecção por Brucella abortus e co-infecção por Mycobacterium bovis. As frequências de animais positivos no iELISA para T. gondii foram comparadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado (χ2) com 95% de confiabilidade. As variáveis com p<0,2 foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística, sendo o modelo construído baseado no teste da "odds ratios". A prevalência de T. gondii observada no iELISA foi de 41,6% (186/447). Na RIFI, 86,5% (161/186) das amostram positivas no iELISA tiveram sua positividade para T. gondii confirmada. A prevalência média nos municípios da Ilha do Marajo e do Continente foi de 32% (103/319) e 55% (70/128), respectivamente. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores prevalências foram Soure (53%) e Salvaterra (49%) na Ilha do Marajó e Castanhal (55%) e Tailândia (50%) no Continente. Os fatores de risco raça e co-infecção por Brucella abortus ou Mycobacterium bovis não influenciaram na prevalência de T. gondii. Além disso, animais gestantes foram 57% mais positivos para T. gondii do que animais não gestantes. A circulação de anticorpos é um indicativo da presença do agente da toxoplasmose em búfalos no Estado do Pará. Esses achados representam um risco não apenas para os animais de produção, mas à saúde pública, como uma fonte de infecção.
Outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in large multi-age egg layer chicken flocks in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Preis Ingred S. , Braga Juliana F.V. , Couto Rodrigo M. , Brasil Bruno S.A.F. , Martins Nelson R.S. , Ecco Roselene
Published: July 2013

A recent (November 2010) outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in a multi-age laying hen facility in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, is described. Previous ILT outbreak in laying hens was only notified in São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2002. In the outbreak described here, the affected population was approximately eight million hens, with flock sizes ranging from 100,000 to 2,900,000 chickens. The average mortality ranged from 1 to 6%, and morbidity was around 90% (most of the twenty seven farms of the area were positive for ILT virus). Three multi-age laying farms from one company were selected for this report. Clinical signs included prostration, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, occasional swelling of the paranasal sinuses and bloody mucous nasal discharge. Severely affected chickens presented with dyspnea, gasping and became cyanotic before death. At necropsy, these chickens had fibrinous exudate blocking the larynx and the lumen of cranial part of the trachea. In addition, conjunctivitis with intense hyperemia, edema and sinuses with caseous exudate were present. On histopathology, there were marked necrosis and desquamation of respiratory ephitelium and conjunctiva with numerous syncytial cells formation and fibrinous exudate. Moderate to marked non suppurative (especially lymphocytes and plasma cells) infiltration in the lamina propria also was observed. Sixteen out of 20 examined chickens, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the syncytial cells. The DNA extracted from larynx and trachea produced positive PCR results for ILT virus (ILTV) DNA using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Amplicons from a small region of ICP4 gene were submitted to sequencing and showed 100% identity with ILTV EU104910.1 (USA strain), 99% with ILTV JN596963.1 (Australian strain) and 91% with ILTV JN580316.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 CEO vaccine strain) and JN580315.1 (Gallid herpesvirus 1 TCO vaccine strain).
Assessment of the electrocardiogram in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Sousa Marlos G. , Carareto Roberta , Silva Jeanna G. , Oliveira Juliana
Published: July 2013

As myocarditis and arrhythmias have been shown to occur in both human beings and dogs with leishmaniasis, electrocardiograms of 105 dogs serologically positive for this disease were assessed for rhythm disturbances and changes in ECG waves. A few expressive alterations were seen, including sinus arrest, right bundle branch block, and atrial premature beats in 14.3%, 4.8%, and 4.8% of the studied subjects, respectively. Also, the analysis of ECG waves showed changes suggestive of left atrium and ventricle enlargements, and myocardial hypoxia in some animals. Although cardiac compromise has been previously reported in dogs with leishmaniasis, only a small subset of dogs showed any alteration in the electrocardiogram, which cannot support the occurrence of myocarditis in this investigation.
"Esta viagem é tão boa quanto qualquer viagem ao Peru". O Minion of London no Brasil (1581)
Authors: Hue Sheila Moura
Published: July 2013

o artigo focaliza a viagem comercial do Minion of London ao Brasil, em 1581, organizada por cinco mercadores de Londres, e os documentos relativos a essa viagem publicados por Richard Hakluyt na coletânea Principall Navigations. A expedição pretendia estabelecer comércio direto entre o Brasil e a Inglaterra, trocando manufaturas e têxteis ingleses pelo açúcar da colônia portuguesa. A viagem reflete o propósito inglês de burlar o monopólio português e espanhol no Novo Mundo, depois da viagem de Drake, e a ambiguidade dos habitantes da colônia portuguesa diante dos mercadores estrangeiros, num momento de transição na geopolítica europeia.
Jagas, Canibalismo e "Guerra Preta": os Mbangalas, entre o mito europeu e as realidades sociais da África Central do século XVII
Authors: Macedo José Rivair
Published: July 2013

Os textos europeus do século XVII em geral conferem aos jagas papel determinante como elemento desagregador das populações centro-africanas, qualificando-os de selvagens, canibais e adeptos de práticas de idolatria. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar tais pontos de vista a partir do estudo dos rituais atribuídos aos jagas no tratado intitulado Istorica descrizione de tre regni, Congo, Matamba et Angola, de autoria do missionário capuchinho Giovanni Cavazzi de Montecúccolo. Tais rituais serão confrontados com as descrições a respeito do papel que os jagas desempenharam nas guerras do sertão africano durante o processo de conquista do Ndongo.
Gauchos, gauchesca y políticas de la lengua en el Río de la Plata. De las gacetas populares de Luis Pérez a las retóricas de la oclusión romántica
Authors: Pas Hernán
Published: July 2013

Romanticismo y gauchesca, en términos generales, han sido leídos durante mucho tiempo en el Río de la Plata como dos movimientos artísticos y estéticos simultáneos. Muy pocos trabajos se han concentrado en las posibilidades de los cruces y préstamos entre una y otra producción, contribuyendo así a consolidar la distancia entre poesía culta y poesía popular, circunscribiendo por lo demás el circuito de la cultura letrada al ámbito estrecho de las élites. Este trabajo se propone, en cambio, repensar el circuito de la cultura letrada a partir del análisis de la prensa popular de Buenos Aires durante el primer lustro de la década de 1830. Para ello, se revisa la producción del gacetero popular Luis Pérez, cuyos impresos - escritos la mayoría íntegramente en versos - explotaron de manera singular las potencialidades del género gauchesco. La lectura atenta de este tipo de prensa deparará, asimismo, una relectura de los modos en que la élite letrada ha construido su propia tradición respecto del gaucho y la gauchesca.
Ensaios latino-americanos: "caráter nacional" e construção de estereótipos
Authors: Capelato Maria Helena Rolim
Published: July 2013

O artigo se refere à questão do "caráter nacional" amplamente discutida por intelectuais latino-americanos entre as décadas de 1930-50. Procuro analisar ensaios produzidos por autores que, nesse período, demonstraram grande interesse pelo tema. Busco identificar em suas obras aspectos que contribuíram para a formação de mitos e tipos nacionais estereotipados. Essas obras tiveram grande repercussão nacional e continental na época em que foram publicados e até hoje os traços do caráter nacional apresentados nos ensaios que analiso continuam sendo mencionados como se tivessem base científica. Tento mostrar os preconceitos resultantes dessas caracterizações, que continuam vivas nos imaginários sociais, servindo de justificativa para formas diversas de intolerância.
Excesso de peso em adolescentes: explorando potenciais fatores de risco
Authors: Benedet Jucemar , Assis Maria Alice A. de , Calvo Maria Cristina M. , Andrade Dalton Francisco de
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso e identificar associações com fatores sociodemográficos, biológicos e de estilo de vida em adolescentes de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, conduzido em 2007, com amostra probabilística de 1.590 escolares de 11 a 14 anos. Estimou-se a prevalência do excesso de peso, com base no índice de massa corpórea, por meio da referência brasileira e da International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Análises multivariadas expressas como razão de chance foram usadas para identificar associações com fatores sociodemográficos, biológicos e de estilo de vida dos adolescentes. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 19,3% (24,5% de meninos e 14,5% de meninas), pela referência IOTF, e de 25,8% (31,8% de meninos e 20,5% de meninas), pelo critério brasileiro. Entre os adolescentes do sexo masculino, o excesso de peso associou-se positivamente com a não realização de refeições estruturadas e com o deslocamento não ativo para a escola. Entre as meninas, o excesso de peso materno, a não realização de refeições estruturadas e diferenças interestágios de maturação sexual compuseram o elenco dos fatores associados ao excesso de peso. CONCLUSÕES: A realização de refeições com alimentos de alto valor nutricional apresentou-se como um fator de proteção para o excesso de peso entre os adolescentes. Essa constatação reforça a necessidade de ações com vistas a modificar comportamentos relacionados ao ambiente familiar, incentivando a incorporação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e o lazer ativo.
Cardiopatias congênitas e malformações extracardíacas
Authors: Rosa Rosana Cardoso M. , Rosa Rafael Fabiano M. , Zen Paulo Ricardo G. , Paskulin Giorgio Adriano
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: Revisar a associação entre cardiopatias congênitas e malformações extracardíacas. FONTES DE DADOS: A pesquisa incluiu artigos científicos presentes nos portais Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, utilizando-se os descritores "congenital heart disease", "congenital heart defects", "congenital cardiac malformations", "extracardiac defects" e "extracardiac malformations". Foram incluídos os artigos de séries de casos que exploravam especificamente a associação entre cardiopatias congênitas e malformações extracardíacas. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A cardiopatia congênita é responsável por cerca de 40% dos defeitos congênitos, sendo uma das malformações mais frequentes e a de maior morbimortalidade. Malformações extracardíacas são observadas em 7 a 50% dos pacientes com cardiopatia congênita, trazendo um risco ainda maior de comorbidade e mortalidade e tornando a cirurgia cardíaca mais arriscada. Diferentes estudos têm tentado avaliar a presença de anormalidades extracardíacas em pacientes portadores de cardiopatia congênita. Dentre as alterações descritas, destacam-se aquelas do trato urinário. Contudo, não houve um estudo que tenha avaliado do mesmo modo todos os pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: Anormalidades extracardíacas são frequentes em pacientes com cardiopatia congênita, sendo que os portadores de tais alterações podem apresentar um risco maior de morbimortalidade. Consequentemente, alguns autores vêm discutindo a importância e o custo-benefício da triagem destas crianças à procura de outras malformações por meio de exames complementares.
Centrais de pequenos supermercados no estado de São Paulo: evolução da coordenação e coesão relacional
Authors: Garcia Luciano Mitidieri Bento , Paulillo Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho visa mostrar e analisar um grupo de redes de pequenos supermercadistas no interior do estado de S. Paulo operando por meio de relações cooperativas sob a forma de centrais de negócios. Dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e utilizando os aportes teóricos do neoinstitucionalismo e teoria de redes, o trabalho foi baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas com os representantes de quatro centrais. Foi seguido um roteiro composto por itens relacionados à história de formação da central, motivações principais para entrada na rede, fases de desenvolvimento, detalhes operacionais e algumas indicações sobre os mecanismos de coordenação e as características das relações mais relevantes. Constata-se, no caso dos mecanismos de coordenação, uma importante convivência entre mecanismos formais e informais de coordenação. Quanto às relações entre os membros, de modo geral, elas se revelaram coesas. Constata-se também uma alta percepção de eficácia nas centrais estudadas.
Uma nota sobre modelagem matemática de carregamento de caixas dentro de contêineres com considerações de estabilidade da carga
Authors: Yamashita Denise Sato , Morabito Reinaldo
Published: July 2013

Este estudo trata do problema de carregamento de caixas dentro de contêineres levando em consideração a estabilidade do carregamento. Uma formulação matemática generalizando o conceito de estabilidade descrito em Junqueira, Morabito e Yamashita (2010) é apresentada e testes computacionais são realizados utilizando-se um aplicativo de otimização. Esta formulação explora a estabilidade da carga por meio do suporte de alguns pontos da base e das laterais das caixas (por exemplo, pontos dos cantos e bordas das caixas). Convém notar que (na sua versão atual) a abordagem proposta está limitada a resolver problemas de tamanho moderado, motivando pesquisas futuras que explorem métodos heurísticos, métodos de relaxação e decomposição, entre outros, para tratar problemas maiores.
Planejamento de experimentos em blocos aplicado às propriedades mecânicas de arames de aço para molas
Authors: Pimenta Cristie Diego , Silva Messias Borges , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Claro Fernando Antonio Elias
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a aplicação das metodologias planejamento de experimentos com análise em blocos e regressão linear múltipla aplicadas ao estudo de um processo de tratamento térmico siderúrgico com múltiplas respostas. Por meio deste estudo buscou-se projetar modelos estatísticos que permitissem prever os resultados das propriedades mecânicas em arames de aço SAE 9254 trefilados, com diâmetros de 2,00 mm e 6,50 mm, após processo de têmpera e revenimento. Para isso foram investigadas as variáveis de entrada do processo (diâmetro, velocidade, temperatura de revenimento e concentração do polímero) e as suas influências sobre o limite de resistência à tração, a estricção e a dureza do material. Os resultados revelaram que todas as variáveis consideradas têm influência significativa na obtenção das propriedades mecânicas e os modelos obtidos foram validados utilizando-se análise de variância (ANOVA). A regressão linear múltipla permitiu representar o processo adequadamente e a análise gráfica possibilitou visualizar o comportamento das múltiplas respostas.
O discurso psicológico de John Dewey
Authors: Andrade Erika Natacha Fernandes de , Cunha Marcus Vinicius da
Published: July 2013

Este trabalho examina o discurso do filósofo e educador americano John Dewey (1859-1952) sobre o tema "natureza humana", adotando como referência o livro Human nature and conduct: an introduction to Social Psychology. Nesse livro, publicado em 1922, Dewey discute conceitos fundamentais da psicologia - instinto, hábito, inteligência e outros - e propõe uma nova ciência psicológica; suas elaborações abrangem os campos da filosofia, da psicologia e da educação. A metodologia para análise do discurso segue os estudos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Retórica e Argumentação na Pedagogia, os quais se baseiam nas teorias de Chaïm Perelman e Stephen Toulmin.
Formação de pesquisadores em programas de excelência de pós-graduação em educação
Authors: Hostins Regina Célia Linhares
Published: July 2013

O artigo trata de estudos sobre a pós-graduação stricto sensu em educação, no Brasil. Resulta de pesquisa de caráter documental que buscou identificar as tendências teórico-metodológicas que fundamentaram a formação dos pesquisadores em educação, a partir da análise das estruturas curriculares - disciplinas, ementas e bibliografias - dos programas considerados de excelência e com padrão internacional na avaliação trienal 2007 da CAPES. As informações foram coligidas nos Cadernos de Indicadores, disponíveis no Portal da CAPES, link Avaliação. Os resultados evidenciaram um perfil epistemológico de formação que conjuga diversidade, ineditismo e singularidade de temas e a discussão dos referentes teóricos vinculados ao que se denomina "giro linguístico" (Deleuze e Foucault), "giro hermenêutico" (Gadamer) e "giro pragmático" (Habermas) na perspectiva da nova filosofia da ciência e da sociologia da ciência.
Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva no Brasil
Authors: Alvares Juliana , Almeida Alessandra Maciel , Szuster Daniele Araujo Campos , Gomes Isabel Cristina , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Cherchiglia Mariângela Leal
Published: July 2013

A doença renal crônica terminal constitui grave problema de saúde pública. O estudo do impacto das terapias renais substitutivas (TRS) na qualidade de vida (QV) tem se tornado cada vez mais importante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a QV de pacientes em TRS e os fatores a ela associados. Foram entrevistados 3036 pacientes em TRS no Brasil com relação a aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, clínicos e QV. Os pacientes foram selecionados de forma aleatória após processo de amostragem por conglomerado em dois níveis: serviços de saúde e pacientes. A QV foi medida pelo Eq5D. O instrumento permite a medida indireta da QV e o cálculo da utilidade, além da medida direta da QV pela escala visual analógica (EVA). Observou-se que pacientes transplantados possuem melhor QV e que os aspectos mais comprometidos são dor/desconforto e ansiedade/depressão. Os principais fatores associados à QV são idade, sexo feminino, variáveis associadas à condição clínica do paciente, como necessidade de internação e presença de comorbidades, a classe social e variáveis associadas ao serviço de saúde utilizado. A correlação entre EVA e a utilidade calculada foi moderada e as 5 questões do Eq5D explicam 43% da variabilidade da EVA. A utilidade calculada pode ser utilizada em avaliações de custo-utilidade.
Health-related quality of life in Brazil: normative data for the SF-36 in a general population sample in the south of the country
Authors: Cruz Luciane Nascimento , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida , Oliveira Michele Rosana , Camey Suzi Alves , Hoffmann Juliana Feliciati , Bagattini Ângela Maria , Polanczyk Carisi Anne
Published: July 2013

The objective of this study was to provide normative SF-36 scores in a general population sample in Brazil and to describe differences in mean scores according to socio-demographic characteristics. The SF-36 questionnaire was distributed to a randomly selected sample of the general population of Porto Alegre in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The response rate was 68% and 755 subjects were included (38% male, 62% female). Lower health status was revealed among females in the 30 to 44 year age bracket, from the lower income class, with less education and self-reported chronic medical conditions. The results and percentiles of scores of the SF-36 are reported as normative data for the general population. The SF-36 was an acceptable and practical instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in a sample of Brazilians. The results of this study can be useful for researchers using the SF-36 questionnaire in other groups to compare the scores with normative data. The SF-36 may prove a valuable tool for discovering vulnerable groups in epidemiological studies due to the ability to discriminate between different population subgroups.
Quality of life of users of psychoactive substances, relatives, and non-users assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF
Authors: Moreira Taís de Campos , Figueiró Luciana Rizzieri , Fernandes Simone , Justo Fernanda Maia , Dias Ismael Rodrigo , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser , Ferigolo Maristela
Published: July 2013

Quality of life is related to one of the basic human desires, which is to live well and feel good. The scope of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of psychoactive substance users and relatives, compared to non-users, analyzed by socioeconomic strata. A cross-sectional study with users of psychoactive substances, relatives, and other individuals who called the Information and Orientation Service regarding drug abuse. Data collection took place between November 2009 and December 2010. Data was collected from users, relatives, and non-users, including socioeconomic characteristics and data regarding substance consumption when appropriate. In addition to this the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was given to 347 individuals. Among the 138 users (70%) used alcohol, 76 (39%), marijuana, 111 (57%) tobacco, 78 (40%) cocaine and 70 (36%) crack. Control subjects had higher, scores than the relatives of users and users in all areas of the questionnaire (p < 0.05). Psychoactive substance users scored lower in almost all domains and overall score in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in comparison with the sample of non-drug users. These findings reflect poor quality of life of patients and their relatives.