bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition in liminality: Migrant schooling, bureaucracy, and the surname “Without‐A‐Surname”
Authors: Sudcharoen Moodjalin
Published: October 2024

With emphasis on naming conventions, this article examines on‐the‐ground bureaucracy and its impacts on the lives of undocumented migrant children who attend state schools in Thailand. Names of migrants from Myanmar do not typically include a family name. As a result, when their children are placed in the Thai documentary system, which was designed for individuals with a first name and a last name, schools add Thai phrases literally meaning “without a surname” after each child's proper name. This study demonstrates that a particular form of liminal subjectivity is forged through school‐based socialization into bureaucratic culture and institutional routines of official naming. While the anthropological concept of “liminality” is typically understood as temporary phases of transition, school practices give rise to a prolonged state of in‐betweenness and constitute the children's political being in a negative form. The name “Without‐A‐Surname” denotes via negation, pointing to the quality of stateless state‐belonging. This label becomes indexical of the ambivalent state of migrancy, which marks migrant schoolchildren as state subjects whose pending status lies between that of insider and outsider. School‐level bureaucracy, therefore, defers a postliminal state—namely, the children's full incorporation into the Thai state and society.
Temporal trends in suicide ideation and attempt among youth in juvenile detention, 2016–2021
Authors: Liu Lin , Padron Melissa , Sun Dayu , Pettit Jeremy W.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Data from the general population of youth show increases in suicide ideation and attempt in recent years, with rates of increase differing across sex and racial/ethnic groups. This study assessed trends in suicide ideation and attempt from 2016 to 2021 in youth in juvenile detention, across sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

We leveraged state‐wide suicide screening data of all detained youth (n = 53,769) from 2016 to 2021. We analyzed data for periods defined by statistically significant changes in trends of lifetime suicide attempt, past 6‐month suicide attempt, and current suicide ideation.

Results

The prevalence of lifetime, but not past six‐month, attempts increased, whereas the prevalence of current suicide ideation decreased annually from 2016 to 2021. Overall trends were qualified by distinct patterns among subgroups: rates of lifetime attempt increased among male, adolescent, and Black youth, while rates of current ideation decreased among male, adolescent, and White and Hispanic youth.

Conclusion

These data document increasing rates of lifetime suicide attempts in detained youth from 2016 to 2021, especially among male and Black adolescents, concomitant with decreasing rates of current suicide ideation. Suicide prevention approaches for detained youth may need to prioritize variables besides or in addition to suicide ideation.
Stromal Expression Profiling Reveals Immune‐Driven Adaption to Malignancy in Canine Melanoma Subtypes
Authors: Beebe Erin , Krudewig Christiane , Motamed Zahra , Malbon Alexandra , Markkanen Enni
Published: October 2024

Canine mucosal melanoma (CMM) is the most common oral malignancy in dogs and is significantly more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart (CCM), yet the reasons for this disparity remain unclear. Cancer‐associated stroma (CAS) plays a crucial role in tumour progression, but a detailed understanding of CAS in canine melanoma is missing. To assess stromal reprogramming, we analysed CAS from 21 CMM, 14 CCM and normal stroma from 10 skin and 9 oral mucosa samples by laser‐capture microdissection followed by RNA sequencing. Results were assessed in relation to subtypes, prognostic factors including mitotic count (MC), ulceration, necrosis, pigmentation and immune cell infiltration (CD3, CD20 and CD68), scored using immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridisation. Stromal reprogramming was evident in both subtypes but significantly more pronounced in CMM. Immune‐excluded tumours exhibited higher MC than desert/cold ones. MC strongly correlated with genes associated with B‐cells, T‐helper cells and CTLA4 in CCM, suggesting CAS reprogramming to depend on tumour malignancy. Finally, we identify an immune‐suppressive stromal signature in a subset of CMM characterised by the downregulation of key immune checkpoints and pathways. Together, these findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the role of CAS in canine melanoma, specific to cutaneous and mucosal subtypes.
Sphere fibrations over highly connected manifolds
Authors: Basu Samik , Ghosh Aloke Kr
Published: October 2024

We construct sphere fibrations over ‐connected ‐manifolds such that the total space is a connected sum of sphere products. More precisely, for even, we construct fibrations , where is a ‐connected ‐dimensional Poincaré duality complex that satisfies , in a localised category of spaces. The construction of the fibration is proved for , where the prime 2, and the primes that occur as torsion in are inverted. In specific cases, by either assuming is small, or assuming is large we can reduce the number of primes that need to be inverted. Integral results are obtained for or 4, and if is bigger than the number of cyclic summands in the stable stem , we obtain results after inverting 2. Finally, we prove some applications for fibrations over , and for looped configuration spaces.
Spatial Analysis of the Impacts Caused by Changes in Land Use on the Estimation of Surface Temperature in the The City of Paracatu (MG)
Authors: Santos Arthur , Simionatto Henzo
Published: October 2024

The increase in built-up areas, coupled with the suppression of vegetation without the necessary mitigating measures to curb the effects of urbanization, causes changes in the microclimate and directly impacts the health of the local population. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the influence of land cover type on the variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimation in the city of Paracatu, Minas Gerais (MG), in the years 1990 and 2020.For this, the maps provided by the Annual Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use of Brazil (MapBiomas) and images from the LANDSAT-5 (1990) and LANDSAT-8 (2020) satellites were used. Four images, distributed across seasons, were utilized to estimate LST for these periods, aiming to obtain a representative LST estimate for that year. For the calculation of the LST with bands 6 and 10, respectively of the LANDSAT-5 and 8 satellites, the SCP plugin of the QGIS software was used, and the process of recovery of the LST in the scenes used occurred through conversion of the values of the Digital Number (DN) into radiance at the Top of the Atmosphere (ToA), conversion of radiance into brightness temperature in ToA, correction of atmospheric effects and obtaining LST in Kelvin and, subsequently, in degrees Celsius. After that, the average between them was performed by means of normalization of each of the scenes, obtaining a representative mosaic for the LST of each year,thus enabling the estimation of the spatial behavior of the minimum, mean, and maximum values.. Finally, in order to verify the influence of Changes in Use and Occupation (LULC) on the spatial variation of the LST, the classes found in Vegetation, Exposed Soil, Urban Area and Water Resources were segmented, and it was found that, while the urban area of Paracatu had its territorial extension practically doubled, the vegetation class decreased by almost 25%, a fact that implied in the average increase of the LST by more than 5º C. the minimum and maximum values of these classes varied around 4.5 and 3º C, and it is possible to conclude that, in this interval of 30 years, Paracatu had no urban growth occurring exponentially and without the proper mitigations for the transformation of the microclimate, implying the need for measures that can curb these changes in strategic points of the municipality, as in the Bom Pastor neighborhood, which had its use and occupation totally changed in this temporal hiatus. In addition, in view of the estimates of economic growth in the city, it is believed that these measures should be taken as a matter of urgency, so that the results presented here can support the decisions of the managing public agencies.
Sharp Curve Trajectory Tracking of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot Using a Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Amarasiri Nalaka , Barhorst Alan A. , Gottumukkala Raju
Published: October 2024

In our previous works, Amarasiri et al. (2022, “Robust Dynamic Modeling and Trajectory Tracking Controller of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot,” ASME Lett. Dyn. Sys. Control 2(4), p. 040902) and Amarasiri et al. (2024, “Investigating Suitable Combinations of Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Offline Reinforcement Learning Based Navigation: Application of Universal Omni-Wheeled Robots,” ASME Lett. Dyn. Sys. Control 4(2), p. 021007), two dynamic models of a universal omni-wheeled mobile robot (UOWMR), and trajectory-tracking controllers (three linear and one nonlinear) were developed and presented. The purpose of that work was to identify suitable combinations of dynamic models and trajectory-tracking controllers, choosing the combination with the highest tracking accuracy and the lowest solver execution time. The ultimate purpose is to utilize these physics-based tools in a reinforcement learning (RL) agent developed for path planning and navigation in an unstructured environment. Three trajectories were investigated including a smooth path, a sharp curved path, and a smooth path with disturbance forces. The sliding mode controller (SMC) following a trajectory with sharp (right-angled) curves was not investigated in that work. The sharp corners caused indeterminacy in the path derivatives required for the SMC algorithm. In this short article, we complete our studies of the SMC on sharp corner paths utilizing slight trajectory corner smoothing.
MUCHAS ANTROPOLOGÍAS: EVE DANZIGER Y EL PRESENTE QUE ESCONDE EL PASADO COLONIAL
Authors: Gómez-Pellón Eloy , Dietz Gunther
Published: October 2024

Este número se inicia con un meritorio texto de antropología lingüística sobre un pequeño grupo étnico centroamericano, dotado de una identidad y de una personalidad acusada que, en buena medida, le es proporcionado por la lengua que habla. Es el grupo mopán, indisolublemente unido a la historia de los pueblos indígenas americanos, casi desde el mismo comienzo de la colonización, cuando algo antes de mediados del siglo XVI se inicia el proceso evangelizador entre los pueblos yucatecos. Un intenso trabajo de campo ha permitido a Eve Danziger recoger una abundante información en el área mopán, desprendida de la historia oral, acerca del intenso proceso aculturador que algunas comunidades mopanes vivieron durante un período que se prolongó durante largo tiempo, y que hoy nos permite conocer con cierto detalle algunos de los acontecimientos vividos por los mopanes en su historia colonial. La interacción entre culturas provocó intensos procesos de aculturación, que resultan indisolubles de la acción colonial y que están en la base de una intensa reflexión antropológica (Gómez-Pellón, 2016a). Es posible, sin embargo, que al tiempo que se conocen estos acontecimientos surjan dudas razonables sobre aspectos con los que en principio no se contaba. Sin embargo, he aquí la función poderosa de la antropología lingüística cuando alumbra períodos del pasado y, al mismo tiempo, descubre espacios velados de la historia de los que ni siquiera se tenía constancia.
Abolition or Reform? A Review of Historical Perspectives on Football Safety From the 1890s to 1950s and How They Shape Youth Football Debates Today
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen
Published: October 2024

This essay provides a synthesis of secondary literature and primary sources to trace debates about football’s safety and value. It examines ideas from the Progressive Era to the 1950s and shows that such perspectives inform how the American public grapples with increasing research on the risks of repetitive brain trauma and the acceptability of football for younger children in the 21st century. Whether football’s risks were celebrated as inherently good, treated as short-term nuisances that could be minimized through safety reforms, or decried as long-term calamities preventable only by abolishing the sport has always depended on deeply contested social values that remain in tension and unresolved.
Highly stable and active catalyst in fuel cells through surface atomic ordering
Authors: Ma Yanling , Peng Jiaheng , Tian Jiakang , Gao Wenpei , Xu Jialiang , Li Fan , Tieu Peter , Hu Hao , Wu Yi , Chen Wenlong , Pan Lei , Shang Wen , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Zhu Hong , Pan Xiaoqing , Deng Tao , Wu Jianbo
Published: October 2024

Shape-controlled alloy nanoparticle catalysts have been shown to exhibit improved performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in liquid half-cells. However, translating the success to catalyst layers in fuel cells faces challenges due to the more demanding operation conditions in membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Balancing durability and activity is crucial. Here, we developed a strategy that limits the atomic diffusion within surface layers, fostering the phase transition and shape retention during thermal treatment. This enables selective transformation of platinum-iron nanowire surfaces into intermetallic structures via atomic ordering at a low temperature. The catalysts exhibit enhanced MEA stability with 50% less Fe loss while maintaining high catalytic activity comparable to that in half-cells. Density functional calculations suggest that the ordered intermetallic surface stabilizes morphology against rapid corrosion and improves the ORR activity. The surface engineering through atomic ordering presents potential for practical application in fuel cells with shape-controlled Pt-based alloy catalysts.
Temporal regulation of acetylation status determines PARP1 role in DNA damage response and metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Tyagi Witty , Das Sanjeev
Published: October 2024

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an abundant nuclear protein involved in DNA repair, chromatin structure, and transcription. However, the regulation of its different functions remains poorly understood. Here, we report the role of PARP1 acetylation status in modulating its DNA repair and transactivation functions. We demonstrate that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) determines PARP1 acetylation at Lys498 and Lys521 sites. HDAC5-mediated deacetylation at Lys498 site regulates PARP1 DNA damage response and facilitates efficient recruitment of DNA repair factors at damaged sites, thereby promoting cell survival. Additionally, HDAC5-mediated deacetylation at Lys521 site promotes PARP1 coactivator function, resulting in induction of proliferative and metabolic genes in an activating transcription factor 4-dependent manner. Thus, PARP1 induces metabolic adaptation to spur malignant phenotype. Our studies in mouse tumor models suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 enzymatic activity does not block tumor progression robustly as transactivation function remains unperturbed. These findings provide key mechanistic insights into PARP1 regulation and expand its role in tumor development.
Altruistic feeding and cell-cell signaling during bacterial differentiation actively enhance phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Updegrove Taylor B. , Delerue Thomas , Anantharaman Vivek , Cho Hyomoon , Chan Carissa , Nipper Thomas , Choo-Wosoba Hyoyoung , Jenkins Lisa M. , Zhang Lixia , Su Yijun , Shroff Hari , Chen Jiji , Bewley Carole A. , Aravind L. , Ramamurthi Kumaran S.
Published: October 2024

Starvation triggers bacterial spore formation, a committed differentiation program that transforms a vegetative cell into a dormant spore. Cells in a population enter sporulation nonuniformly to secure against the possibility that favorable growth conditions, which put sporulation-committed cells at a disadvantage, may resume. This heterogeneous behavior is initiated by a passive mechanism: stochastic activation of a master transcriptional regulator. Here, we identify a cell-cell communication pathway containing the proteins ShfA (YabQ) and ShfP (YvnB) that actively promotes phenotypic heterogeneity, wherein
Bacillus subtilis
cells that start sporulating early use a calcineurin-like phosphoesterase to release glycerol, which simultaneously acts as a signaling molecule and a nutrient to delay nonsporulating cells from entering sporulation. This produced a more diverse population that was better poised to exploit a sudden influx of nutrients compared to those generating heterogeneity via stochastic gene expression alone. Although conflict systems are prevalent among microbes, genetically encoded cooperative behavior in unicellular organisms can evidently also boost inclusive fitness.
A fully integrated breathable haptic textile
Authors: Yao Kuanming , Zhuang Qiuna , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Jingkun , Yiu Chun Ki , Zhang Jianpeng , Ye Denglin , Yang Yawen , Wong Ki Wan , Chow Lung , Huang Tao , Qiu Yuze , Jia Shengxin , Li Zhiyuan , Zhao Guangyao , Zhang Hehua , Zhu Jingyi , Huang Xingcan , Li Jian , Gao Yuyu , Wang Huiming , Li Jiyu , Huang Ya , Li Dengfeng , Zhang Binbin , Wang Jiachen , Chen Zhenlin , Guo Guihuan , Zheng Zijian , Yu Xinge
Published: October 2024

Wearable haptics serve as an enhanced media to connect humans and VR/robots. The inevitable sweating issue in all wearables creates a bottleneck for wearable haptics, as the sweat/moisture accumulated in the skin/device interface can substantially affect feedback accuracy, comfortability, and create hygienic problems. Nowadays, wearable haptics typically gain performance at the cost of sacrificing the breathability, comfort, and biocompatibility. Here, we developed a fully integrated breathable haptic textile (FIBHT) to solve these trade-off issues, where the FIBHT exhibits high-level integration of 128 pixels over the palm, great stretchability of 400%, and superior permeability of over 657 g/m
2
/day (moisture) and 40 mm/s (air). It is a stand-alone haptic system totally composed of stretchable, breathable, and bioadhesive materials, which empowers it with precise, sweating/movement-insensitive and dynamic feedback, and makes FIBHT powerful for virtual touching in broad scenarios.
Efficacy of an erector spinae plane block for renal colic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Candel Bart Gerard Jan , Visser Laura N , ter Avest Ewoud , Ridderikhof Milan L , De Groot Bas , Jacobs Rens , Weltings Saskia , Groenwold Rolf H H , van Bodegom Leti , van den Hout Wilbert B , Kemper Marleen , Hollmann Markus W
Published: October 2024

Background and aim

The passage of kidney stones through the ureter creates renal colic, a severe visceral abdominal pain. Renal colic is typically managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids. Yet, these treatments often fail to provide adequate pain relief. The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has emerged as a potential alternative treatment. This systematic review summarises the current body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of ESPB for renal colic in the ED.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and case series of ESPB in ED patients were conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were electronically searched up to 10 June 2024, for studies that compared ESPB with standard care or placebo. The Cochrane risk of bias-2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed if two or more studies reported the same outcome. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence.

Results

Four studies were included, including two RCTs and two case series. A total of 53 patients received an ESPB, compared with 40 patients who received standard care. All studies were rated as having a high overall risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed a large and significant effect of ESPB on pain reduction after 30 min (standardised mean difference (SMD) −1.41 95% CI −1.90 to −0.91) and after 60 min (SMD −1.94 95% CI −3.36 to −0.52), however the level of evidence was downgraded to very low certainty due to substantial heterogeneity (I2=85%), serious concerns of bias and large imprecision. Heterogeneity in other outcome measurements precluded meta-analysis.

Conclusions

Although statistically significant, there is a low certainty regarding the positive effect of ESPB on pain reduction for renal colic in the ED. High-quality RCTs focusing on patient-reported outcomes are needed to establish the merit of ESPB for this indication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024554077.
Impacts of revised smoke-free regulations under the 2020 Japan Health Promotion Act on cigarette smoking and heated tobacco product use in indoor public places and homes: findings from 2018 to 2021 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Surveys
Authors: Togawa Kayo , Fong Geoffrey T , Quah Anne C K , Meng Gang , Xu Steve S , Quimet Janine , Mochizuki Yumiko , Yoshimi Itsuro , Odani Satomi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Katanoda Kota
Published: October 2024

Background

In April 2020, Japan’s revised Health Promotion Act (HPA) banned cigarette smoking and heated tobacco products (HTP) use in indoor public places but exempted small establishments and permitted smoking-designated/HTP-designated rooms. This pre–post study evaluated the effectiveness of the HPA.

Methods

Data were from waves 1 to 4 (2018–2021) of the International Tobacco Control Japan Surveys among a national cohort of adults who smoke cigarettes, use HTPs and do not use any tobacco products. The sample sizes in the respective surveys were 4615, 4222, 4387 and 4254. Multivariable logistic regression models employing generalised estimating equations estimated the prevalence of observed and self-reported indoor smoking/HTP use in key public venues (restaurants/cafés, bars/pubs and workplaces), smoke-free places, and homes, and smoke-free/HTP aerosol-free home policies (model 1). The models were additionally adjusted for waves 1–4 to estimate the impacts of the HPA (model 2).

Results

The implementation of the HPA significantly reduced observed indoor smoking in bars/pubs (model 1: 82.2% (pre) to 55.5% (post), model 2: p=0.04) but not in restaurants/cafés (model 1: 53.0%–24.9%, model 2: p=0.15) or workplaces (model 1: 35.3%–30.1%, model 2: p=0.62). Observed indoor HTP use was also common postimplementation (restaurants/cafés: 19.6%, bars/pubs: 53.9%, workplaces: 36.4%). The implementation of the HPA was associated with a significant increase in observed HTP use in smoke-free places (model 1: 26.3%–33.3%, model 2: p=0.001) and a suggestive increase in homes without HTP aerosol-free policies among adults who smoke (model 1: 64.0%–77.0%, model 2: p=0.09).

Conclusions

The implementation of the HPA was limited in its effectiveness. Comprehensive regulations with no exemptions are needed in Japan.
Analysis of cigar marketing expenditures by product category, placement strategy and geolocation in the USA, from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Carter Chandler C , Binns Steven , Emery Sherry L , Kostygina Ganna
Published: October 2024

Significance

The marketing of cigars, little cigars and cigarillos (CLCCs) and cigar wraps is under-regulated and understudied in the USA. To describe strategies CLCC manufacturers and vendors used to advertise their products across marketing channels, we systematically tracked CLCC marketing expenditures from January 2017 to July 2022.

Methods

Using the Kantar Media’s Strategy (presently Vivvix) platform, we collected marketing expenditures for 624 CLCC products, vendors, venues, events and media outlets. Advertising data were collected from consumer magazines, B-to-B magazines, newspapers, television, radio, outdoor and internet media. Advertising expenditures were aggregated by month, designated market area, manufacturer and product category.

Results

Across the study period, cigarillo marketing comprised the largest proportion of CLCC product expenditures (49.5%), followed by little/filtered cigars (44.7%). Cigarillos dominated advertising expenditures in 2018 ($19.9M), declined to $1.4M by 2020 when little/filtered cigars emerged as the most promoted category ($10.4M); cigarillos re-surfaced as the top category in 2022. Radio advertising expenditures for CLCCs increased substantially in 2021. Outdoor CLCC vendor expenditures steadily increased during the period. Online marketing expenditures by CLCC vendors increased from 2020 to 2021, and newly reported mobile app expenditures occurred in 2021 ($22K).

Conclusion

Advertising expenditures for little/filtered cigars declined following the April 2021 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announcement of forthcoming flavoured cigar sale restrictions. As the FDA considers prohibiting flavoured cigars, it is essential to monitor CLCC marketing expenditures to inform policy design, promotion and implementation efforts. Surveillance of new digital marketing channels is critical as they can readily reach minoritised populations.
Assessing the impacts of forest taxation programs on optimal management of Douglas-fir under adaptive harvest strategies in Western Oregon
Authors: Susaeta Andres
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the impacts of two taxation programs, the Forestland (FL) program, based on a site value tax, and the Small Tract Forestland (STF) program, based on a combination of a site value tax and a severance tax, on the optimal management of Douglas-fir in Western Oregon amidst timber price uncertainty. The study reveals that the optimal reservation prices are lower under the STF program, making it more advantageous for forest landowners in terms of tax liabilities. Specifically, the STF program leads to significantly lower tax payments ($185.8–$277.4 per acre) and tax burdens (6.0%–5.9%) compared to those of the FL program ($709.2–$1092.5 per acre; 22.9%–23.2%). When factoring in the harvest age, the STF program results in an increased harvest age, whereas the FL program remains fiscally neutral. The FL program exhibits a slightly progressive taxation system, while the SFT program displays a slightly regressive taxation system. Although our findings suggest that the STF program is a better option for landowners, a more detailed analysis regarding the impacts of these taxation programs on the overall welfare of the state’s economy is required.
Probing the speed of scalar induced gravitational waves from observations
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Guang-Hai , Zu Yongcan
Published: October 2024

The propagation speed of gravitational waves is a fundamental issue in gravitational theory. According to general relativity, gravitational waves propagate at the speed of light. However, alternative theories of gravity propose modifications to general relativity, including variations in the speed of gravitational waves. In this paper, we investigate scalar-induced gravitational waves that propagate at speeds different from the speed of light. First, we analytically calculate the power spectrum of scalar induced gravitational waves based on the speed and spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations. We then explore several scalar power spectra, deriving corresponding fractional energy densities, including monochromatic spectrum, scale-invariant spectrum, and power-law spectrum. Finally, we constrain scalar-induced gravitational waves and evaluate the signatures of their speed from the combination of CMB+BAO and gravitational wave observations. Our numerical results clearly illustrate the influence of the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves.
The equivalence principle is NOT a Noether symmetry
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: October 2024

The connection between the equivalence principle and Noether’s theorem was discussed in Capozziello and Ferrara (Int J Geom Methods Mod Phys 21:2440014, 2024). However, it is known that the Noether symmetry condition is independent of the equations of motions as follows from Hamilton’s principle. In this paper, we critically examine the analysis presented in the aforementioned work, highlighting its flaws, and provide a detailed demonstration that there is no connection between Noether’s theorem and the equivalence principle. Furthermore, we offer various insights on symmetry analysis to prevent the perpetuation of inaccuracies regarding Noether’s work.
Rational curves on moduli spaces of vector bundles
Authors: Mustopa Yusuf , Teixidor i Bigas Montserrat
Published: October 2024

W describe the unobstructed components of the Hilbert Scheme of rational curves of fixed degree [Formula: see text] in the moduli space [Formula: see text] of stable vector bundles of rank [Formula: see text] and determinant [Formula: see text] on a curve [Formula: see text]. We show that for every [Formula: see text], there are [Formula: see text] such components. We construct obstructed components of the Hilbert Scheme. We also obtain an upper bound on the degree of rational connectedness of [Formula: see text] which is linear in the dimension.
Steiner representations of hypersurfaces
Authors: Antonelli Vincenzo , Casnati Gianfranco
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an integral hypersurface of degree [Formula: see text]. We show that each locally Cohen–Macaulay instanton sheaf [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text] in the sense of [V. Antonelli and G. Casnati, Instanton sheaves on projective schemes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 227 (2023) 107246, Definition 1.3] yields the existence of Steiner bundles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] of the same rank [Formula: see text] and a morphism [Formula: see text] such that the form defining [Formula: see text] to the power [Formula: see text] is exactly [Formula: see text]. We inspect several examples for low values of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that the form defining a smooth integral surface in [Formula: see text] is the pfaffian of some skew-symmetric morphism [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a suitable Steiner bundle on [Formula: see text] of sufficiently large even rank.
Uniform (d + 1)-bundle over the Grassmannian G(d,n)
Authors: Du Rong , Zhou Yuhang
Published: October 2024

This paper is dedicated to the classification of uniform vector bundles of rank [Formula: see text] over the Grassmannian [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) over an algebraically closed field in characteristic [Formula: see text]. Specifically, we show that all uniform vector bundles with rank [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] are homogeneous.
A Multi-Strategy Co-Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Its Convergence Analysis
Authors: Meng Xiaoding , Li Hecheng , Zhang Tianfeng
Published: October 2024

Compared to the single-strategy particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the multi-strategy PSO shows potential advantages in solving complex optimization problems. In this study, a novel framework of the multi-strategy co-evolutionary PSO (M-PSO) is first proposed in which a matrix parameter pool scheme is introduced. In the scheme, multiple strategies are taken into account in the matrix parameter pool and new hybrid strategies can be generated. Then, the convergence analysis is made and the convergence conditions are provided for the co-evolutionary PSO framework when some operators are specified. Subsequently, based on the PSO framework, a novel multi-strategy co-evolutionary PSO is developed using [Formula: see text]-learning which is a classical reinforcement learning technique. In the proposed M-PSO, both the parameter optimization by the orthogonal method and the convergence conditions are embedded to improve the performance of the algorithm. Finally, the experiments are conducted on two test suites, CEC2017 and CEC2019, and the results indicate that M-PSO outperforms several meta-heuristic algorithms on most of the test problems.
Impact of Trapped Charge on the Breakdown Phenomena in HfO2/Al2O3 — Based Memory Capacitors
Authors: Spassov D. , Paskaleva A. , Guziewicz E. , Ivanov Tz. , Stanchev T. , Davidović V. , Veljković S. , Mitrović N. , Danković D.
Published: October 2024

Voltage ramp and constant voltage stress (CVS) measurements have been implemented to investigate the breakdown (BD) processes in charge trapping (CT) memory cells with atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2/Al2O3 nanolaminated stacks. The impact of tunneling oxide thickness as well as post-deposition annealing of memory stacks on the BD characteristics is also studied. The redistribution of the electric field in different parts of the stack due to CT has been calculated and taken into consideration when discussing the BD phenomena. The results imply that there are two BD mechanisms in the charge-trapping stacks  — current-driven BD in the high-k part of the stack and voltage-driven BD of the thin tunneling SiO2. Each of these mechanisms could dominate depending on the measurement mode (voltage ramp or CVS) and/or trapped charge in the structure. The electric BD is accompanied by a positive charge build-up and generation of interface states at SiO2/Si interface. Annealing in O2 suppresses these processes.
Variational principle, Hamiltonian, bifurcation analysis, chaotic behaviors and the diverse solitary wave solutions of the simplified modified Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Wang Guo-Dong , Shi Feng , Liu Xiao-Lian , Zhu Hong-Wei
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to give a deep investigation into the dynamics of the simplified modified Camassa–Holm equation (CHe) for shallow water waves. Taking advantage of the semi-inverse method, we develop the variational principle, based on which the Hamiltonian of the system is extracted. By means of the Galilean transformation, the governing equation is transformed into a planar dynamical system. Then, the bifurcation analysis is presented via employing the theory of the planar dynamical system. Correspondingly, the quasi-periodic and chaotic behaviors of the system are also discussed by introducing two different kinds of perturbed terms. Finally, the variational method is based on the variational principle and Ritz method, and the Kudryashov method is used to construct the diverse solitary wave solutions, which include the bright solitary, dark solitary, kink solitary and the bright–dark solitary wave solutions. The graphic depictions of the obtained diverse solitary wave solutions are presented to elucidate the physical properties. The findings of this research enable us to gain a deeper understanding of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the considered equation.
Further refinements and reverses of squared Young-type inequalities with double weights
Authors: Zuo Hongliang , Niu Xinyu
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we first present further improvement of squared Young-type inequalities with double weights and their reverses. As a consequence of our results, we show the reverses of main results obtained by Nasiri and Askari [Some refined Young-type inequalities using different weights, Asian-Eur. J. Math. 15 (2022) 7]. As a further application, we provide some related inequalities for unitarily invariant norms, traces, and determinants.
China’s Strategic Engagement in the Middle East: Navigating the Belt and Road Initiative and U.S. Leverage of the Abraham Accords
Authors: Ali Majid
Published: October 2024

It has been a subject of considerable scholarly interest ever since the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Israel signed the Abraham Accords brokered President of the United States in September 2020. However, little has been written about the impact of the Accords on China’s belt and road initiative (BRI) in the Middle East. Both scholars and politicians, including the Chinese leadership, have welcomed the move, but U.S. involvement in the implementation of the deal has raised some doubts. Since the United States openly opposes the BRI and overcoming China is one of the goals of its foreign policy. Under U.S. pressure, Israel has scrapped several agreements with China. The study examines how the Abraham Accords can escape the U.S. control trap against China’s BRI in the Middle East. It concludes that it is difficult for these countries to avoid U.S. influence, but that any country that has previously held bilateral talks with China will have to persuade the United States to abide by their previous agreements.
Computational Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Prevotella copri: Molecular Dynamics and Immunoinformatics Study
Authors: Ishaq Saqib , Habib Obaid , Afzal Sajida , Tahir Raheel , Mushtaq Hira , Li Zesong , Malik Shanzay Imtiaz , Ullah Amin , Alshaya Dalal Sulaiman , Eldeen Muhammad Alaa
Published: October 2024

Prevotella copri is a prominent constituent of the human gastrointestinal microbiome, and its fluctuating abundance has been linked with positive and negative influences on diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Prevotella copri demonstrates flexibility against drugs. There is presently no vaccine approved by the FDA against prevotella copri,and treatment options are restricted. Hence, this research work was designed to create an in silico-based vaccine for prevotella copri.The protein sequences of two distinct strains ofprevotella copriwere retrieved from NCBI. The T-cell and B-cell epitopes were obtained and then analyzed for antigenicity, allergenicity, docking and simulation. The peptide comprises linear B-cell and T-cell epitopes from proteins identified as potential novel vaccine candidates. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and protein-protein docking results revealed that the vaccine exhibits strong and Sustained interaction with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The constructed sequence was integrated into the pET-30a (+) biological vehicle (vector) for subsequent analysis expression in E. coli through the SnapGene server. The constructed multi-epitopic vaccine candidate was assessed for its structural, physicochemical and immunological properties. The results demonstrated solubility, stability, antigenicity and nonallergenicity and showed a strong affinity for its target receptors. The in silico study represents a significant step forward in designing a vaccine that could effectively eliminate Prevotella copri globally.
Schema Versioning in Databases: A Literature Review
Authors: Brahmia Zouhaier , Grandi Fabio , Oliboni Barbara
Published: October 2024

Changes involving the database schema are unavoidable events that sometimes occur in data-centric systems, due to many reasons like evolution of user requirements, corrective maintenance, improvement of the current schema with the addition of new integrity constraints, implementation of new business rules, or compliance to new regulations. In order to manage schema changes, researchers have proposed a technique named “schema versioning”, in which all versions of the database schema are kept along with their underlying data, preventing loss of information and obsolescence of legacy applications. This technique has been widely studied in both conventional and emerging databases. Despite lot of interesting research efforts that have dealt with database schema versioning and the importance of this technique for database maintenance, current Database Management Systems (DBMSs) do not provide sufficient support for its implementation. This paper (i) gives an overview of state-of-the-art research approaches to schema versioning in databases, based on the study of more than 270 papers and providing a historical perspective on the development of the topic, (ii) illustrates the support of schema versioning in commercial DBMSs, and (iii) points out some possible future research directions in this area.
Boosting Software Fault Prediction: Addressing Class Imbalance With Enhanced Ensemble Learning
Authors: Alsorory Hanan Sharif , Alshraideh Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Software fault prediction (SFP) is a crucial aspect of software engineering, aiding in the early identification of potential defects. This proactive approach significantly contributes to enhancing software quality and reliability. However, a common challenge in SFP is class imbalance (CI). Ensemble learning (EL) is a powerful strategy for refining SFP models in object‐oriented systems with imbalanced data and improving sensitivity to minority classes. This study aimed to improve the effectiveness of ensemble classes in SFP within object‐oriented systems, tackling the challenges associated with imbalanced data. It focuses on enhancing the performance of three ensemble classifiers, BalancedBagging, RUSBoost, and EasyEnsemble, explicitly designed for imbalanced datasets. In Enhanced_BalancedBagging (E_BB) and ROSBoost, random undersampling (RUS) is substituted with random oversampling (ROS). Meanwhile, Enhanced_EasyEnsemble (E_EE) replaces RUS with ROS and AdaBoost with XGBoost. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of E_BB, ROSBoost, and E_EE over their base models, achieving the highest F‐measure, balanced accuracy, and AUC. Statistical tests, such as the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, provide robust support for the enhanced models, highlighting their practical significance through substantial improvements in F‐measure and AUC, as indicated by low negative rank sums and large effect sizes.
Intelligent Tension Correction Method for EME Sensors considering Torsion Effect of Wire Rope Suspender Cables
Authors: Duan Yuanfeng , Wei Wei , Zhang Ru , Cheng J. J. Roger
Published: October 2024

Long‐term and accurate monitoring of suspender cable tensions is particularly important for safe evaluation of cable suspension bridges or tied‐arch bridges. Torsional deformation, commonly present in wire rope suspender cables (WR cables) during tensioning construction or in‐service, has not been considered in the elasto‐magneto‐electric (EME) sensor system. This study investigated the effects of torsion on tension measurement and proposed an intelligent correction method without measuring the torsion angles per unit length. A calibration platform for full‐scale WR cable is established with a rotation angle fixing device. Tension calibration experiments were carried out under free rotation condition without activating the angle fixing device and under various fixed rotation conditions by setting a series of initial fixed angles at the anchor head. It was found that the relative error for the EME sensor using the traditional calibration method under the free rotation condition could reach 11.72%. To improve the accuracy, an intelligent tension correction method for the torsion effect is proposed, which uses the experimental signals in various fixed conditions and the backpropagation neural network with K‐fold cross‐validation. The parameters of the BPNN were optimized by genetic algorithm, and it was found that the maximum relative error decreases from 11.72% to 5.24% and the maximum absolute error decreases from 21.75 kN to 14.67 kN for the condition of free rotation. Finally, the EME sensor with intelligent tension correction method was applied to a real suspension bridge. The measurement relative error of the field test decreases from 6.60% without the torsion compensation to 2.80% with the torsion compensation, which indicate that the proposed intelligent tension correction method can ensure the accurate tension measurement of the WR cables by the EME sensor.
Dynamics and Control of Noncooperative Space Target Capture Using a Flexible Manipulator
Authors: Wang Kang-Hao , Wang Ru-Hao , Liu Xiao-Feng , Fu Yu-Lei , Cai Guo-Ping
Published: October 2024

The capture of noncooperative space targets is an important research topic in the aerospace field. Although a lot of research has been done, capturing remains a significant challenge, particularly when using a flexible manipulator. In this paper, the dynamic modeling and control problems of capturing a noncooperative spacecraft using a long‐span flexible manipulator are investigated. Firstly, a modified model is presented to describe the flexibility of the manipulator arising from both its links and joints, in which the flexibility of the joint is considered as an elastic constraint of links. Additionally, we provide the frequency and mode functions of this model and derive the dynamic equations of the flexible manipulator based on the floating frame of reference formulation. Secondly, this paper employs the position–based damping control method to design the capturing controller. A simulation example of capturing a tumbling spacecraft in three dimensions is presented. The simulation results show that the designed control method can quickly eliminate vibration and achieve stable contact retention for at least 3 s when capturing noncooperative spacecraft.
Bernoulli Poisson Moment Exponential Distribution: Mathematical Properties, Regression Model, and Applications
Authors: Alrumayh Amani
Published: October 2024

We introduce a new flexible count distribution by combining Bernoulli and Poisson moment exponential (PMEx) distributions. The new model named the Bernoulli PMEx distribution. Some mathematical properties are studied, including the hazard rate function, moments, moment generating function, probability generating function, and dispersion index. A count regression model is also proposed based on this distribution. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters. In the end, three datasets from different fields are utilized for application purposes. The findings show that the new model efficiently analyzed these datasets as compared to Poisson, discrete Pareto, discrete Rayleigh, discrete Burr‐Hatke, and discrete inverted Topp–Leone distributions.
Autophagy Improves Inflammatory Response in Sepsis Accompanied by Changes in Gut Microbiota
Authors: Wang La , Wang WenJia , Jiang GuiTong , Ke ZunLi , Luo RuiXi , Tian WeiYi
Published: October 2024

Background: Sepsis is defined as a life‐threatening disease. Autophagy and the microbiome are increasingly connected with sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of autophagy and the possible mechanisms.

Methods: The septic rat model was established by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). Rapamycin (Rap), 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA), and chloroquine (CQ) were administered to interfere autophagy. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of key proteins in autophagy. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to identify the effect of autophagy on various organs. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the changes of the gut microbiota.

Results: Rap significantly upregulated the expression of key autophagy proteins, and 3‐MA reduced the relative expression compared to the CLP group. The autophagic flux showed a corresponding trend. Interestingly, the autophagy inducer significantly decreased the mortality and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in serum compared with the CLP group. Autophagy activation significantly improves the inflammatory response in sepsis. Histopathological sections showed that CLP destroyed the tight junctions between ileal epithelial cells, while autophagy induction reversed the damage. The sequencing results showed that autophagy activation increased the alpha diversity and alterted the composition and structure of gut microbiota. The abundance of Proteobacteria was markedly decreased in the Rap group, whereas Bacteroidetes was notably increased compared with the CLP group. Additionally, the protective effect of autophagy further changed the biomarkers in the microbial community. The top 35 functions in each sample were analyzed to obtain 18 genes including RNA synthesis, ATP binding and transport, chromosome assignment, osmotic polysaccharide transport, transcytosis, and methylation.

Conclusion: Autophagy is able to improve inflammation and may directly or indirectly regulate the microbiota of septic rats. Autophagy may be an important target for future clinical interventions in the treatment of sepsis.