bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trader as a new optimization algorithm predicts drug-target interactions efficiently
Authors: Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Yosef , Omidi Yadollah , Amanlou Massoud , Masoudi-Nejad Ali
Published: June 2019

Several machine learning approaches have been proposed for predicting new benefits of the existing drugs. Although these methods have introduced new usage(s) of some medications, efficient methods can lead to more accurate predictions. To this end, we proposed a novel machine learning method which is based on a new optimization algorithm, named Trader. To show the capabilities of the proposed algorithm which can be applied to the different scope of science, it was compared with ten other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms based on the standard and advanced benchmark functions. Next, a multi-layer artificial neural network was designed and trained by Trader to predict drug-target interactions (DTIs). Finally, the functionality of the proposed method was investigated on some DTIs datasets and compared with other methods. The data obtained by Trader showed that it eliminates the disadvantages of different optimization algorithms, resulting in a better outcome. Further, the proposed machine learning method was found to achieve a significant level of performance compared to the other popular and efficient approaches in predicting unknown DTIs. All the implemented source codes are freely available at https://github.com/LBBSoft/Trader.
The ENCODE Blacklist: Identification of Problematic Regions of the Genome
Authors: Amemiya Haley M. , Kundaje Anshul , Boyle Alan P.
Published: June 2019

Functional genomics assays based on high-throughput sequencing greatly expand our ability to understand the genome. Here, we define the ENCODE blacklist- a comprehensive set of regions in the human, mouse, worm, and fly genomes that have anomalous, unstructured, or high signal in next-generation sequencing experiments independent of cell line or experiment. The removal of the ENCODE blacklist is an essential quality measure when analyzing functional genomics data.
IL-10 producing B cells rescue mouse fetuses from inflammation-driven fetal death and are able to modulate T cell immune responses
Authors: Busse Mandy , Campe Kim-Norina Jutta , Nowak Desiree , Schumacher Anne , Plenagl Susanne , Langwisch Stefanie , Tiegs Gisa , Reinhold Annegret , Zenclussen Ana Claudia
Published: June 2019

Understanding the mechanisms leading to fetal death following maternal subclinical infections is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies. Here we addressed the relevance of IL-10 secreting B cells (B10) in the maintenance of the immune balance during gestation. µMT females lacking mature B cells presented normal pregnancies, although their fetuses were smaller and their Treg pool did not expand as in B cell sufficient controls. Pregnant µMT females were more susceptible to LPS despite having less Treg; their fetuses died at doses compatible with pregnancy in WT animals. Adoptive transfer of IL-10 negative B effector cells or B cells from IL-10 deficient mice did not modify this outcome. The transfer of B10 cells or application of recombinant murine IL-10 reduced the fetal loss, associated with a normalization of Treg numbers and cytokine modulation at the feto-maternal interface. B cell-derived IL-10 suppressed the production of IL-17A and IL-6 by T cells and promoted the conversion of naïve cells into Treg. B10 cells are required to restore the immune balance at the feto-maternal interface when perturbed by inflammatory signals. Our data position B cells in a central role in the maintenance of the balance between immunity and tolerance during pregnancy.
Effect of Straw and Straw Biochar on the Community Structure and Diversity of Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in Rice-wheat Rotation Ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Sun Huifeng , Zhou Sheng , Bai Naling , Zheng Xianqing , Li Shuangxi , Zhang Juanqin , Lv Weiguang
Published: June 2019

Ammonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Straw and straw biochar retention are the popular ways to utilize the agricultural by-products in China, but their long-term effects on AOB and AOA still remain poorly understood. Based on a 7-year plot experiment, which had 4 fertilization regimes: no fertilizer (CK), regular fertilization (RT), straw retention (SR) and straw biochar retention (SB), the abundance and the composition of AOB and AOA was investigated before both the harvest of rice and wheat season by quantitative PCR and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing, respectively. (1) Compared to RT, straw and straw biochar increased AOB abundance and diversity significantly only in wheat season (P < 0.05), and they both ranked as SB > SR > RT. Among fertilized treatments, a significant difference between SR and RT was found in AOB community composition of the winter season (R value = 0.58, P value = 0.02); (2) In contrast, AOA was almost not responsive to organic addition, except the significant enhancement of abundance by biochar in wheat season; (3) After straw and straw biochar addition, soil potential nitrification rates (PNR) was positive correlated to AOB abundance in both rice and wheat season (P < 0.01), not to AOA abundance (P = 0.211 and 0.068, respectively). This study provides scientific support for the potential of straw utilization to improve nitrification in rice-wheat rotation system with respect to soil ammonia oxidation microorganism.
Brain evolution in Proboscidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria) across the Cenozoic
Authors: Benoit Julien , Legendre Lucas J. , Tabuce Rodolphe , Obada Theodor , Mararescul Vladislav , Manger Paul
Published: June 2019

As the largest and among the most behaviourally complex extant terrestrial mammals, proboscideans (elephants and their extinct relatives) are iconic representatives of the modern megafauna. The timing of the evolution of large brain size and above average encephalization quotient remains poorly understood due to the paucity of described endocranial casts. Here we created the most complete dataset on proboscidean endocranial capacity and analysed it using phylogenetic comparative methods and ancestral character states reconstruction using maximum likelihood. Our analyses support that, in general, brain size and body mass co-evolved in proboscideans across the Cenozoic; however, this pattern appears disrupted by two instances of specific increases in relative brain size in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. These increases in encephalization quotients seem to correspond to intervals of important climatic, environmental and faunal changes in Africa that may have positively selected for larger brain size or body mass.
Supported ILs and Materials Based on ILs for the Development of Green Synthetic Processes and Procedures
Authors: Montolio Silvia , Altava Belén , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Luis Santiago V.
Published: June 2019

Although Ionic Liquids still represent a hot topic in Green Chemistry, many practical applications for the development of Green Processes have been hampered by limitations associated with their cost and the (eco)toxicological properties identified for some of them. The incorporation of ILs or structural fragments related to ILs in solid materials allows the development of the so-called Supported Ionic Liquids (SILs, SILPs, or SILLPs), which exhibit many of the features and advantages of ILs while overcoming many of the above limitations. This chapter describes the general approaches reported toward the development and full characterization of advanced materials based on ILs and some of their more relevant applications in the development of Green Synthetic Processes.
Transition Metal-catalysed Nucleophilic Additions of Terminal Alkynes in Water: Development and Synthetic Utility
Authors: Hearne Zoë , Keys Sabrina , Li Chao-Jun
Published: June 2019

This chapter summarises the literature concerning the nucleophilic addition of terminal alkynes to a varied scope of unsaturated electrophiles to prepare alkynylated molecules. Unlike classical methods that achieve this transformation by employing stoichiometric quantities of highly reactive metal acetylides and therefore require inert and anhydrous conditions, the transition metal-catalysed reactions described herein can be conducted in water, a benign and readily available solvent. In addition to overviewing transformations for the one-step addition of terminal alkynes to electrophiles, multi-component and tandem reactions are addressed. Furthermore, to offer a more complete resource for chemists seeking more sustainable routes to synthetic targets, a brief survey of the synthetic utility of the alkynylated reaction products is provided.
Dynamics and molecular interactions of single-stranded DNA in nucleic acid biosensors with varied surface properties
Authors: Cholko Timothy , Kaushik Shivansh , Chang Chia-en A.
Published: June 2019

Simulations reveal the dynamic properties of freely diffusing and surface-tethered ssDNA on self-assembled monolayers with widely varying surface properties.
Quantifying electronic similarities between NHC–gold(i) complexes and their isolobal imidazolium precursors
Authors: Azofra Luis Miguel , Veenboer Richard M. P. , Falivene Laura , Vummaleti Sai V. C. , Poater Albert , Nolan Steven P. , Cavallo Luigi
Published: June 2019

The σ and π donor/acceptor properties of the carbon–gold bond are manifested by changes in 197Au spectroscopic data.
Evidence of the effectiveness of Resveratrol in the prevention of guanine one-electron oxidation: possible benefits in cancer prevention
Authors: Neyra Recky Jael R. , Gaspar Tosato Maira , Serrano Mariana P. , Thomas Andrés H. , Dántola M. Laura , Lorente Carolina
Published: June 2019

Evidence of the antioxidant properties of Resveratrol in the one-electron oxidation of guanine nucleotide, a component of DNA molecules.
Hierarchical flower-like ZnIn2S4 anchored with well-dispersed Ni12P5 nanoparticles for high-quantum-yield photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light
Authors: Zeng Deqian , Lu Zhiqing , Gao Xueyou , Wu Bingjia , Ong Wee-Jun
Published: June 2019

Ni12P5 nanoparticles were successfully anchored on hierarchical ZnIn2S4 through a facile solution phase route, and the Ni12P5/ZnIn2S4 composites manifested superior photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light.
Chiral luminescent lanthanide complexes possessing strong (samarium, SmIII) circularly polarised luminescence (CPL), and their self-assembly into Langmuir–Blodgett films
Authors: Barry Dawn E. , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Mercs Laszlo , Peacock Robert D. , Albrecht Martin , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: June 2019

The lanthanide directed self-assembly of chiral amphiphilic pda based ligands 1 and 2 with TbIII, SmIII, LuIII and DyIII salts was studied in CH3CN solution and as SAM LB-films.
Milk phospholipids ameliorate mouse colitis associated with colonic goblet cell depletion via the Notch pathway
Authors: Wang Xiu , Kong Xiunan , Qin Yumei , Zhu Xuan , Liu Weilin , Han Jianzhong
Published: June 2019

Milk phospholipids attenuated the severity of DSS-induced mouse colitis and prevented the depletion of colonic goblet cells through balancing the over-activated Notch pathway mediated by colonic myofibroblasts.
Novel 2D binning approach for advanced LIMS depth profiling analysis
Authors: Riedo Andreas , Grimaudo Valentine , Cedeño López Alena , Tulej Marek , Wurz Peter , Broekmann Peter
Published: June 2019

Novel layer-by-layer ablation protocol for sensitive chemical depth profiling measurements of micrometer-sized samples.
All-in-one microfluidic device for on-site diagnosis of pathogens based on an integrated continuous flow PCR and electrophoresis biochip
Authors: Li Zhenqing , Ju Ruixue , Sekine Shinichi , Zhang Dawei , Zhuang Songlin , Yamaguchi Yoshinori
Published: June 2019

A miniaturized device based on integrated continuous flow PCR and electrophoresis microfluidic chip was developed for diagnosis of pathogens. It dispensed with costly external precision syringe pump and can realize rapid DNA amplification and on-site PCR products detection.
Current progress achieved in novel materials for supercapacitor electrodes: mini review
Authors: Najib Sumaiyah , Erdem Emre
Published: June 2019

This mini-review presents a summary of recent developments in supercapacitor research and technology, including all kinds of supercapacitor design techniques using various electrode materials and production methods for addressing energy storage and harvesting issues.
Phosgene invites selective switch-on fluorescence at ppm concentrations in a Betti base by hindering 2-way PET
Authors: Gangopadhyay Ankita , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar
Published: June 2019

Phosgene ignites a decisive and immediate fluorescence response in a simple Betti base.
The disruption of verM activates the production of gliocladiosin A and B in Clonostachys rogersoniana
Authors: Wang Ying , Ren Jinwei , Li Honghua , Pan Yuanyuan , Liu Xingzhong , Che Yongsheng , Liu Gang
Published: June 2019

Two dipeptides (Gliocladiosin A and B) conjugated with a macrolide were identified in the verM disruption mutant of Clonostachys rogersoniana.
Traceless point-to-axial chirality exchange in the atropselective synthesis of biaryls/heterobiaryls
Authors: Nguyen Thien T.
Published: June 2019

A strategy for establishing a chiral axis from stereogenic centers via elimination or oxidative aromatization with a high level of chirality transfer was developed.
A Se-hollow porous carbon composite for high-performance rechargeable K–Se batteries
Authors: Huang Xianglong , Wang Wei , Deng Jianhua , Gao Wei , Liu Dingyu , Ma Qianru , Xu Maowen
Published: June 2019

In this study, a novel hollow carbon matrix was designed and prepared using a facile NaCl crystal template for the effective encapsulation of Se.
Ultrafine NiCoP-decorated N,S,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution
Authors: Niu Hua-Jie , Wang Ai-Jun , Zhang Lu , Guo Jing-Jing , Feng Jiu-Ju
Published: June 2019

Large-scaled NiCoP/NSP-HPCNS were fabricated by a facile pyrolysis method. Porous carbon nanosheets provided extra active sites easily available for reactants, and dramatically improved the stability. The nanocomposites displayed remarkable enhancement in electrocatalytic activity and durability for ORR and OER.
Efficient synthesis of (E)-2-nitromethylcinnamatesviaphosphine-catalyzed tandem α-addition and 1,3-rearrangement
Authors: Huang Guofei , Ren Xiaoyu , Jiang Chunhui , Wu Jia-Hong , Gao Guowei , Wang Tianli
Published: June 2019

An efficient synthetic approach for accessing (E)-2-nitromethylcinnamatesviaa phosphine-promoted tandem reaction between substituted nitromethanes and alkynes has been developed.
Design and synthesis of supramolecular functional monomers bearing urea and norbornene motifs
Authors: Wang Lulu , Lin Qifeng , Zhang Yagang , Liu Yanxia , Yasin Akram , Zhang Letao
Published: June 2019

Design and synthesis of supramolecular functional monomers bearing urea and norbornene.
Comprehensive study on the degradation of ochratoxin A in water by spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations
Authors: Cagnasso Iris , Tonachini Glauco , Berto Silvia , Giacomino Agnese , Mandrile Luisa , Maranzana Andrea , Durbiano Francesca
Published: June 2019

The OTA degradation process becomes irreversible only if, following hydrolyzation of the lactone ring, the molecule fragments.
Fe3O4 hard templating to assemble highly wrinkled graphene sheets into hierarchical porous film for compact capacitive energy storage
Authors: Fang Hua , Meng Fanteng , Yan Ji , Chen Gao-yun , Zhang Linsen , Wu Shide , Zhang Shichao , Wang Lizhen , Zhang Yongxia
Published: June 2019

A facile strategy was reported to synthesize highly wrinkled graphene film, exhibiting high packing density and excellent capacitive performance.
New ecological method for determination of different β-lactams: application to real human plasma samples
Authors: Farid Nehal F. , Abdelwahab Nada S.
Published: June 2019

An innovative ecofriendly HPTLC method was established for in vivo analysis of four β-lactam antibiotics with minimal sample pretreatment.
Enhancing the permeability and anti-fouling properties of a polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane via surface grafting of l-lysine
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Chen Dandan , Yang Feng , Chen Jinyao , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming , Kang Jian , Xu Ruizhang
Published: June 2019

Hydrophilicity is improved without altering the original morphology and thickness of RO membranes after modification.
Cadmium adsorption using novel MnFe2O4-TiO2-UIO-66 magnetic nanoparticles and condition optimization using a response surface methodology
Authors: Nasehi Pedram , Mahmoudi Boshra , Abbaspour Seyed Foad , Moghaddam Mojtaba Saei
Published: June 2019

In this study, magnetic nanocomposites (UIO-66-MnFe2O4-TiO2) were synthesized based on the metal–organic framework.
Identification of the early intermediates formed in ozonolysis of cis-2-butene and limonene: a theoretical and matrix isolation study
Authors: Li Shan-shan , Yang Xiao-yang , Xu Yi-sheng , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2019

This study combined quantum chemical calculations and the matrix isolation technique to identify the formation of primary intermediates from the ozonolysis of cis-2-butene and limonene.
Targeting trimeric transmembrane domain 5 of oncogenic latent membrane protein 1 using a computationally designed peptide
Authors: Wang Yibo , Peng Yinghua , Zhang Bo , Zhang Xiaozheng , Li Hongyuan , Wilson Andrew J. , Mineev Konstantin S. , Wang Xiaohui
Published: June 2019

A peptide inhibitor was designedin silicoand validated experimentally to disrupt homotrimeric transmembrane helix assembly.
Molecular recognition of planar and non-planar aromatic hydrocarbons through multipoint Ag–π bonding in a dinuclear metallo-macrocycle
Authors: Omoto Kenichiro , Tashiro Shohei , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: June 2019

An open-ended cavity of a dinuclear AgI-macrocycle realised an unprecedented recognition mode for planar and non-planar aromatic hydrocarbons via multipoint Ag–π bonding.
Mechanical behavior of nonwoven non-crosslinked fibrous mats with adhesion and friction
Authors: Negi V. , Picu R. C.
Published: June 2019

We present a study of the mechanical behavior of planar fibrous mats stabilized by inter-fiber adhesion.
Self-assembly of giant bottlebrush block copolymer surfactants from luminescent organic electronic materials
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Shao Feng , Sauvé Ethan R. , Tonge Christopher M. , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: June 2019

Bottlebrush copolymers prepared from organic semiconductors self-assemble in selective solvents to give luminescent micelles with CMCs approaching 50 nM.
Two-dimensional FeS2-encapsulated Au: a quasi-epitaxial heterojunction for synergistic catalytic activity under photoelectrocatalytic water reduction
Authors: Mondal Indranil , Moon Song Yi , Lee Hyunhwa , Kim Heeyoung , Park Jeong Young
Published: June 2019

Optimization of structural organization between metal and semiconductor electrocatalyst reveals the hot role of quasi-epitaxial heterojunction in hot electron transfer for synergistic photocatalysis.
Composition-dependent CO2 electrochemical reduction activity and selectivity on Au–Pd core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Shangqian , Qin Xueping , Wang Qi , Li Tiehuai , Tao Ran , Gu Meng , Shao Minhua
Published: June 2019

Au–Pd core–shell nanoparticles can convert CO2 into CO with a high selectivity and mass activity due to the more balanced *COOH/*CO adsorption.
Reduced methylammonium triple-cation Rb0.05(FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05perovskite solar cells based on a TiO2/SnO2bilayer electron transport layer approaching a stabilized 21% efficiency: the role of antisolvents
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Hong Chang Kook
Published: June 2019

Reduced methylammonium lead-halide perovskite with double layer electron transporting layer crossing 21% power conversion efficiency.
Sulfur–nitrogen co-doped porous carbon nanosheets to control lithium growth for a stable lithium metal anode
Authors: Chen Mei , Zheng Jianhui , Sheng Ouwei , Jin Chengbin , Yuan Huadong , Liu Tiefeng , Liu Yujing , Wang Yao , Nai Jianwei , Tao Xinyong
Published: June 2019

Based on S, N co-doping, a full cell exhibits high capacity retention and excellent rate capability.
The Psychometric Evaluation of a Speech Production Test Battery for Children: The Reliability and Validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument
Authors: van Haaften Leenke , Diepeveen Sanne , van den Engel-Hoek Lenie , Jonker Marianne , de Swart Bert , Maassen Ben
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI), a speech production test battery assessing phonological and speech motor skills in 4 tasks: (1) picture naming, (2) nonword imitation, (3) word and nonword repetition, and (4) maximum repetition rate (MRR).

Method

Normative data were collected in 1,524 typically developing Dutch-speaking children (aged between 2;0 and 7;0 [years;months]). Parameters were extracted on segmental and syllabic accuracy (Tasks 1 and 2), consistency (Task 3), and syllables per second (Task 4). Interrater reliability and test–retest reliability were analyzed using subgroups of the normative sample and studied by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was investigated by determining age-related changes of test results and factor analyses of the extracted speech measures.

Results

ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from sufficient to good, except for percentage of vowels correct of picture naming and nonword imitation and for the MRRs for bisyllabic and trisyllabic items. The ICCs for test–retest reliability were sufficient (picture naming, nonword imitation) to insufficient (word and nonword repetition, MRR) due to larger-than-expected normal development and learning effects. Continuous norms showed developmental patterns for all CAI parameters. The factor analyses revealed 5 meaningful factors: all picture-naming parameters, the segmental parameters of nonword imitation, the syllabic structure parameters of nonword imitation, (non)word repetition consistency, and all MRR parameters.

Conclusion

Its overall sufficient to good psychometric properties indicate that the CAI is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of typical and delayed speech development in Dutch children in the ages of 2–7 years.
Fault detection for fractional‐order linear systems in finite frequency domains
Authors: Li He , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: June 2019

This study is concerned with the fault detection problem for fractional‐order linear systems with disturbances. The and performance indices of fractional‐order systems in finite frequency domains are applied to measure the fault sensitivity and the disturbance robustness. A fractional‐order fault detection observer is designed to satisfy the two finite frequency performance indices simultaneously. Based on the generalised Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and the projection lemma, the design conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Compared with the existing full frequency approaches, the proposed finite frequency one can get better results when the frequency ranges of faults and disturbances are known. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerical examples.
Inferring black hole spins and probing accretion/ejection flows in AGNs with theAthenaX-ray Integral Field Unit
Authors: Barret Didier , Cappi Massimo
Published: June 2019

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) display complex X-ray spectra that exhibit a variety of emission and absorption features. These are commonly interpreted as a combination of (i) a relativistically smeared reflection component, resulting from the irradiation of an accretion disk by a compact hard X-ray source; (ii) one or several warm or ionized absorption components produced by AGN-driven outflows crossing our line of sight; and (iii) a nonrelativistic reflection component produced by more distant material. Disentangling these components via detailed model fitting could be used to constrain the black hole spin, geometry, and characteristics of the accretion flow, as well as of the outflows and surroundings of the black hole.

Aims. We investigate how a high-throughput high-resolution X-ray spectrometer such as theAthenaX-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) can be used to this aim, using the state-of-the-art reflection modelrelxillin a lamp-post geometrical configuration.

Methods. We simulated a representative sample of AGN spectra, including all necessary model complexities, as well as a range of model parameters going from standard to more extreme values, and considered X-ray fluxes that are representative of known AGN and quasar populations. We also present a method to estimate the systematic errors related to the uncertainties in the calibration of the X-IFU.

Results. In a conservative setting, in which the reflection component is computed self consistently by therelxillmodel from the pre-set geometry and no iron overabundance, the mean errors on the spin and height of the irradiating source are < 0.05 and ∼0.2Rg(in units of gravitational radius). Similarly, the absorber parameters (column density, ionization parameter, covering factor, and velocity) are measured to an accuracy typically less than ∼5% over their allowed range of variations. Extending the simulations to include blueshifted ultra-fast outflows, we show that X-IFU could measure their velocity with statistical errors < 1%, even for high-redshift objects (e.g., at redshifts ∼2.5).

Conclusion. The simulations presented here demonstrate the potential of the X-IFU to understand how black holes are powered and how they shape their host galaxies. The accuracy in recovering the physical model parameters encoded in their X-ray emission is reached thanks to the unique capability of X-IFU to separate and constrain narrow and broad emission and absorption components.
New species of Synodontella (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) gill parasites of two Synodontis spp. (Pisces, Mochokidae) from the Boumba River (Congo Basin, East Cameroon)
Authors: Mbondo Jonathan A. , Nack Jacques , Bitja Nyom Arnold R. , Pariselle Antoine , Bilong Bilong Charles F.
Published: June 2019

Three new species of Synodontella Dossou & Euzet, 1993 are described from two species of Synodontis (Mochokidae) collected from the middle course of the Boumba River (East Cameroon): Synodontella angustupenis n. sp. from Synodontis nummifer, Synodontella longipenis n. sp. and Synodontella simplex n. sp. from Synodontis decorus. These new species are different from the other Synodontella species already described due to their horseshoe-shaped dorsal transverse bars. Synodontella angustupenis differs from S. longipenis and S. simplex by the morphology of its penis, a thin tube, and its accessory piece, bifid at its extremity. Synodontella longipenis differs from the other two species by the morphology and the size of its male copulatory organ, which is very long. Synodontella simplex differs from S. angustupenis and S. longipenis by the shape of its penis, which is simple, and of its accessory piece, with a developed heel. The difference between the dorsal transverse bars of Synodontella species from the Sanaga River in Cameroon (and other localities in Africa), slightly curved, and those from the Boumba River, horseshoe-shaped, makes it possible to separate Synodontella species into two different subgroups. This difference can be explained by a long isolation period of the hosts, living in different river basins, followed by the divergence of the parasite populations (vicariant speciation).
Gebärpositionen – Einflussfaktoren auf die Anleitung der Gebärenden
Authors: Enßle-Kastenhuber Lydia
Published: June 2019

Obwohl aufrechte Gebärpositionen mit positiven Auswirkungen auf den Geburtsverlauf assoziiert werden, gebärt in deutschen Kreißsälen ein Großteil der Frauen in horizontalen Positionen. Hebammen haben einen Einfluss auf die Auswahl der Gebärhaltung und werden dabei von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst. Die Autorin beleuchtet diese Einflussfaktoren näher und zieht Rückschlüsse auf die Praxis.
Simulationsbasiertes Lernen für geburtshilfliche Notfälle
Authors: Kainer Franz , Rensinghoff Jelena , Hollatz-Galuschki Elsa
Published: June 2019

Menschliche Fehler sind unvermeidbar. Schwere Fehler in der Geburtshilfe zu vermeiden, da diese meist weit reichende Konsequenzen nach sich ziehen, ist jedoch zentrales Anliegen für eine optimale Betreuung von Mutter und Kind. Simulationsbasiertes Lernen ist eine der effektivsten Methoden, um Katastrophen während der Geburt zu vermeiden. Doch wie lässt sich angesichts zunehmender Arbeitsverdichtung und knapper Personalplanung der Zusatzaufwand zeitlich einplanen? Der Beitrag stellt die praktische Umsetzung einer Simulation im klinischen Alltag dar.
Die pleurale Residualhöhle nach Lungenresektion
Authors: Lesser Thomas
Published: June 2019

Bei ca. 10% der Patienten kommt es nach anatomischer Lungenresektion zu einer pleuralen Residualhöhle. Die häufigsten Ursachen sind die Lungenparenchymerkrankung mit verminderter Compliance und die Luftfistel. Tritt bis zum Ende der 4. Woche keine Komplikation auf, ist mit einem unkomplizierten Verlauf (Resorption der Luft) zu rechnen. Bei einer Infektion der Höhle und einer bronchopleuralen Fistel besteht die Gefahr der inneren Aspiration mit Ausbildung einer lebensbedrohlichen Pneumonie. In diesen Fällen ist ein operatives Vorgehen indiziert. Die Wahl des operativen Verfahrens ist eine individuelle Entscheidung, wobei der Allgemeinzustand, Nebenerkrankungen, die Mobilität und Motivation des Patienten, die respiratorische Funktion, die Qualität des Lungengewebes, das Grundleiden sowie dessen Prognose und lokale wie auch systemische Auswirkungen der chronischen Höhleninfektion berücksichtigt werden müssen. Für die operative Therapie einer pleuralen Residualhöhle stehen folgende Verfahren zur Verfügung: Pleuradrainage, Pneumoperitoneum, Pleurazelt, Dekortikation der Lunge, Muskeltransposition, Thorakoplastik, Thorakostoma, Kombinationsverfahren. Die Drainage- oder Dekortikationsverfahren setzen eine ausdehnungsfähige Restlunge voraus. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt das Postpneumonektomieempyem dar. Zur Vermeidung einer pleuralen Residualhöhle können bereits beim Ersteingriff prophylaktische Maßnahmen (Pleurazelt, Pneumoperitoneum, N.-phrenicus-Blockade) erfolgen.
Chelation-Based Homologation by Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with O-Alkyl S-Pyridin-2-yl Thiocarbonates: Synthesis of Esters from Grignard Reagents
Authors: Usami Shun , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Mano Koudai , Tanaka Kosaku , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: June 2019

The one-carbon homologative esterification of Grignard reagents with O-alkyl S-pyridin-2-yl thiocarbonates has been explored. This one-step synthesis of esters from Grignard reagents is the first case to involve chelation-stabilized intermediates.
Early Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Willey Michael C. , Scott Elizabeth , Marsh J Lawrence
Published: June 2019

Early total hip arthroplasty in patients with acetabular fractures is considered in rare situations with specific indications. Generally, this treatment option is considered in patients older than 55 or 60 years, but the physiological age must also be considered. The patient should be functional and ambulatory before the injury and healthy enough to tolerate the insult of a surgical procedure of this magnitude. Preexisting conditions such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis encourage consideration of total hip arthroplasty. Specific injury patterns are predictive of fixation failure in older patients with acetabular fractures. These findings represent worse articular injury and low bone density that would intuitively lead to failure. This “gull sign” or “seagull sign” describes either the central–superior dome impaction seen in high-transverse fractures or the impaction of the subchondral bone on the intact edge of a partial posterior column fracture. Other radiographic predictors of failure in posterior wall fractures include comminution of more than three fragments, involvement of the superior dome in high posterior wall fractures, and marginal impaction. Older patients have a high incidence of these radiographic findings, predictive of fixation failure without arthroplasty. Other injury characteristics including concomitant displaced femoral neck fracture and femoral head injury are also indications for total hip arthroplasty in older patients. Acute hip arthroplasty can be performed using the posterolateral, direct lateral, anterolateral, and anterior approaches to the hip. There are also reports of patients who underwent combined approaches to the hip for stabilization of the injury using the anterior intrapelvic approach and ilioinguinal approach. Combined approaches are generally not recommended. Extended approaches are not recommended or necessary for early arthroplasty in acetabular fractures. This review article highlights recent trends of early total hip arthroplasty in senior patients with acetabular fracture, and the indications for the procedure, complications, clinical outcomes, and technical considerations, with cases to highlight these concepts.
Effect of frequency and wavenumber on the three-dimensional routes of transition by wall excitation
Authors: Sharma Pushpender K. , Sengupta Tapan K.
Published: June 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) routes of transition affected by the frequency of monochromatic wall excitation started impulsively are studied by performing direct numerical simulation. The computed results for the two frequencies of excitation reported here resemble the experimental setup of Klebanoff et al. [“The three-dimensional nature of boundary-layer instability,” J. Fluid Mech. 12(1), 1–34 (1962)], where a two-dimensional boundary layer is excited using 3D disturbances. Such a monochromatic wall excitation creates three-component disturbance field: a near-field followed by the Tollmien-Schlichting wave-packet and a spatiotemporal wave-front (STWF), which is responsible for eventual transition. It is noted that the case of moderate frequency of excitation shows a complete noninteracting nature of the near-field solution and the STWF. We report another route of transition computationally for a lower frequency of excitation. This case shows an interacting nature of the near-field solution and the STWF. While both frequency of excitations can cause transition for moderate spanwise wavelength (λz) disturbances, dependence of transition on λz is reported here for the first time. It is noted that doubling the spanwise wavenumber leads to the disappearance of STWF and no transition of the flow. We use the recently developed disturbance enstrophy transport equation in Sengupta et al. [“An enstrophy based linear and nonlinear receptivity theory,” Phys. Fluids 30, 054106 (2018)] for a better quantitative method to trace the evolution of disturbance field of the imposed 3D disturbances.
Electron emission characteristics of wet spun carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Back T. C. , Gruen G. , Park J. , Murray P. T. , Ludwick J. , Cahay M. , Fairchild S. B.
Published: June 2019

Wet spun carbon nanotube fibers were characterized using both field emission and electron energy distribution measurements. Fowler-Nordheim analysis of the field emission results showed that the carbon fibers demonstrated a large effective emission area, 2 x 10-12 m2, which resulted in a reduced brightness of 1.84 x 1010 A/m2/sr/V. By considering the emission and number of carbon nanotube emitters it can be shown that the brightness is consistent with previous reports for single nanotube emitters. Additionally, using the effective emission area determined from the Fowler-Nordheim analysis an emittance value around 0.70 μm was found. These characteristics are useful metrics in determining the applicability of using wet spun carbon nanotube fibers for field emission devices.
Switching failure behaviors and doping enhanced performances of Ni/Al2O3/p+Si resistive switching devices
Authors: Gao Leiwen , Song Zhongxiao , Li Yanhuai , Ma Fei
Published: June 2019

Device reliability is of great significance to resistive switching applications, and reset failure dominates the deterioration of cycling endurance. Although it has been found that the excessive aggregation of movable ions could lead to the reset failure, the quantitative studies on the defect movement have seldom been conducted. Hence, the Ni/Al2O3/p+Si sandwiched structure is fabricated by magnetron sputtering, and the reset failure phenomenon is analyzed. The measurements on the resistive switching behaviors demonstrate that the space-charge-limited current mechanism is responsible for the electroforming process, while the current conduction in subsequent switching cycles obeys the hopping mechanism. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements reveal that the resistance states are closely related with both the hopping distance (R) and hopping energy barrier (W) between adjacent localized states. Short hopping distance of 0.66 ± 0.02 nm and low hopping activation energy of 1.72 ± 0.06 meV will lead to the unrecoverable breakdown of Al2O3 dielectric layer, large leakage current, and deteriorative memory window. 1.9 at. % ZnO doped into Al2O3 dielectric layer can lower the switching voltages and the compliance current of the devices, which will alleviate the aggregation of the localized states during the cycling process. As a result, the R and W values in high resistance state are stabilized at 2.24 ± 0.04 nm and 5.76 ± 0.11 meV during 100 direct current switching cycles, and the memory window is significantly improved. A physical model is proposed to understand the reset failure mechanism of Ni/Al2O3/p+Si devices.
Diindenoperylene thin-film structure on MoS2 monolayer
Authors: Mrkyvkova N. , Hodas M. , Hagara J. , Nadazdy P. , Halahovets Y. , Bodik M. , Tokar K. , Chai J. W. , Wang S. J. , Chi D. Z. , Chumakov A. , Konovalov O. , Hinderhofer A. , Jergel M. , Majkova E. , Siffalovic P. , Schreiber F.
Published: June 2019

Research on two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals is one of the highly progressive topics in (opto)electronics, as the van der Waals (vdW) interactions enable integration of 2D crystals with a broad range of materials. Organic π-conjugated molecules offer new opportunities for creating the so-called “hybrid” vdW heterostructures, in which their anisotropy adds an extra degree of functional possibilities. Moreover, it was found that in the case of organic molecules, the 2D substrate changes the molecular orientation, which in turn can enhance the overall optoelectronic properties. However, the reorientation of the molecules has been until now studied solely on the graphene underlayer that restrained its applicability to a broader range of materials. Here, we study the molecular orientation of diindenoperylene (DIP), a representative of rodlike organic semiconductors, on the MoS2 monolayer. Our results show that DIP forms separate islands on the top of the MoS2 monolayer with lying-down orientation of the molecules. We combine the grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction technique with atomistic simulations to reveal the exact molecular arrangement on the atomically thin underlayer. We also investigate optical absorption spectra for different thicknesses of the DIP layer, as they are of fundamental importance for various applications in organic-based optoelectronics.
Residual solvent additive enables the nanostructuring of PTB7-Th:PC71BM solar cells via soft lithography
Authors: Wang Chao , Gann Eliot , Chesman Anthony S. R. , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: June 2019

The nanoimprinting of polymer solar cells via soft lithography is an attractive approach for enhancing light absorption in the active layer. Many efficient polymer solar cells utilize a high boiling point solvent additive such as 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) during active layer deposition to optimize morphology. By studying active layer films based on the PTB7-Th:PC71BM system prepared with different amounts of the solvent additive DIO, it is shown that the soft imprinting of such blends critically relies upon the presence of residual solvent additive that plasticizes the film. In particular, a minimum of ∼ 2 volume % of DIO in the casting solution is found to be necessary to enable effective imprinting. The microstructure of imprinted layers is also comprehensively characterized using atomic force microscopy, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and resonant soft X-ray scattering, demonstrating that soft lithography can be used to effectively impart structure on the a photonic length scale without changing the nanoscale morphology and microstructure.
The antioxidant dimethylthiourea improves IVF efficiency and decreases cumulus cell apoptosis in pigs
Authors: Lorenzo M. S. , Maruri A. , Cruzans P. R. , Teplitz G. M. , Tello M. F. , Lombardo D. M.
Published: June 2019

Abattoir ovaries, which are the main source of oocytes for reproductive biotechnologies, arrive at the laboratory under ischaemic conditions. Reoxygenation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ischaemic tissues, which could affect oocyte quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of media with dimethylthiourea (DMTU) during the collection and washing of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) on ROS levels, COC apoptosis and oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Thus, the collection (TCM-199) and washing (TCM-199 with 10% porcine follicular fluid, sodium pyruvate and antibiotics) media were supplemented with 1 and 10mM DMTU. In the control group, the media were not supplemented with DMTU. Intracellular ROS levels decreased significantly in the DMTU-treated groups (P<0.05). Although no effects on rate of nuclear maturation were observed, DMTU significantly increased sperm penetration rates without increasing polyspermy (P<0.05). The addition of 10mM DMTU to the collection and washing media enhanced IVF efficiency. DMTU did not modify the early or late apoptosis of oocytes. Both concentrations of DMTU significantly increased viability and decreased the apoptosis of cumulus cells (P<0.05). These results suggest that the addition of 1 or 10mM of DMTU to the media during the collection and washing of porcine COCs is useful for decreasing cumulus apoptosis mediated by ROS and for optimising the IVF of porcine oocytes.
Indian diaspora population and space: national register, UN Global Migration Database and Big Data
Authors: Garha Nachatter Singh , Domingo Andreu
Published: June 2019

In 2017, the Indian diaspora was one of the largest in the world. But until the last decade of the twentieth century, due to the limited interest of the successive governments of India, a regular register for the diaspora was not maintained. In the 1990s, accelerated migration under globalization and the growing interests of the Indian government to use it as a source of political and economic power raised the need to quantify the size and demarcate the geopolitical boundaries of the diaspora. Consequently, since 2001, the government of India began collecting data on its diaspora from the countries of destination. This information often suffers from incomplete coverage, conflicting political interests, and methodological nationalism; and provides distorted images of the diaspora. Recently, the emergence of ‘UN Global Migration Database’ and ‘Big Data’ creates an opportunity to explore other aspects of the diaspora. The main objectives of this paper are: first, to quantify the size of the diaspora population and demarcate the geopolitical boundaries of the Indian diaspora from the available sources; second, to explore the sociodemographic characteristics and internal diversity of the diaspora population; and finally, to compare the advantages and shortcomings of these data sources.
Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Clarós Pedro , Remjasz Agnieszka , Clarós-Pujol Astrid , Pujol Carmen , Clarós Andrés
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To assess the long-term outcomes after cochlear implantation in children under 3 years of age with Waardenburg syndrome (WS), concerning preoperative radiological imaging, intraoperative surgical findings and postoperative auditory and speech performance.

Material and methods:

A retrospective analytical study conducted on the young WS children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who underwent the cochlear implantation. Postoperative outcomes were confronted with results obtained by aged-matched peers without additional disabilities. The auditory performance was assessed with the MAIS and CAP. The speech and language development were evaluated with the MUSS and SIR. Radiological evaluation was performed with the MRI and HRCT scans.

Results:

There were 22 children with WS, who received a multichannel implant at a mean age of 23.5 months of age (SD 7.5, range: 12–36 months). WS group outperformed non-syndromic (NS) children in SIR (4.7, 95%, SD 0.8 vs. 4.3, 95%, SD 0.8) and MUSS (35.6, 95%, SD 3.4 vs. 30.3, 95%, SD 7.6). Auditory performance assessed in MAIS/IT-MAIS improved similarly in both groups (34.8, 95%, SD 1.8 in WS vs. 35, 95%, SD 2.5 in NS children). The reference group gained significantly higher scores in CAP (6.2, 95%, SD 0.7 vs. 5.8, 95%, SD 1.8). Additional anomalies of the inner ear were observed including the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), common cavity deformity (CCD), incomplete partition type II (IP-II). Two cases presented various forms of mental retardation.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that cochlear implantation in young children with WS is a beneficial method treating profound SNHL. The most beneficial outcomes may be achieved thanks to the early implantation, parental involvement and comprehensive care from speech therapists, preferably implemented altogether. The detailed radiological examination and psychological assessment should be considered before the implantation. The results support the concept of early cochlear implantation in children with genetic disorders.
Dissociated vestibular test results (caloric and vHIT) in patients with Meniere’s disease are not due to velocity storage malfunction
Authors: Eza-Nuñez Paloma , Guajardo-Vergara Carlos , Fariñas-Alvarez Concepción , Arbizu-Ruiz Lorea , Pérez-Fernández Nicolás
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

In Ménière’s disease, the most frequent finding in vestibular testing is a discrepancy of results. We wanted to know whether this discrepancy could be due to an abnormal central vestibular processing of the signal during the caloric test.

Materials and methods:

50 patients diagnosed with unilateral definite Ménière’s disease were classified according to their results in both tests. All were then compared with 12 normal subjects. The time constant of the nystagmic response and the results in the test was compared in the different groups and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results:

The mean time constant and phase lead were only different from results in normal subjects when both the caloric and vHIT results were abnormal.

Conclusion:

In unilateral Ménière’s disease, discrepant results in the vHIT and caloric test do not indicate abnormal central vestibular processing of information.