bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin receptor DNA methylation is associated with exogenous oxytocin needs during parturition and postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Erickson Elise N. , Myatt Leslie , Danoff Joshua S. , Krol Kathleen M. , Connelly Jessica J.
Published: January 2023

Background

The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is regulated, in part, by DNA methylation. This mechanism has implications for uterine contractility during labor and for prevention or treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, an important contributor to global maternal morbidity and mortality.

Methods

We measured and compared the level ofOXTRDNA methylation between matched blood and uterine myometrium to evaluate blood as an indicator of uterine methylation status using targeted pyrosequencing and sites from the Illumina EPIC Array. Next, we tested forOXTRDNA methylation differences in blood between individuals who experienced a postpartum hemorrhage arising from uterine atony and matched controls following vaginal birth. Bivariate statistical tests, generalized linear modeling and Poisson regression were used in the analyses.

Results

Here we show a significant positive correlation between blood and uterine DNA methylation levels at severalOXTRloci. Females with higherOXTRDNA methylation in blood had required significantly more exogenous oxytocin during parturition. With higher DNA methylation, those who had oxytocin administered during labor had significantly greater relative risk for postpartum hemorrhage (IRR 2.95, 95% CI 1.53–5.71).

Conclusions

We provide evidence that epigenetic variability inOXTRis associated with the amount of oxytocin administered during parturition and moderates subsequent postpartum hemorrhage. Methylation can be measured using a peripheral tissue, suggesting potential use in identifying individuals susceptible to postpartum hemorrhage. Future studies are needed to quantify myometrial gene expression in connection withOXTRmethylation.
Understanding the Utility of Analysis of Anonymous Pooled Urine from Standalone Urinals in Detecting and Monitoring Recreational Drug Use
Authors: Wood David M. , Dargan Paul I.
Published: January 2023

Over the last decade there has been a change in the pattern of use of drugs, with an increase in the use of novel/new psychoactive substances (NPS, also known incorrectly colloquially as “legal highs”). There has been a year-on-year increase in the number of NPS reported through the Early Warning System (EWS) at the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) over the last 5 years. Current information on the actual pattern(s) of use often is obtained from population and/or subpopulation level surveys of potential users. Data obtained in these user surveys is based on intended, rather than actual, drug(s) used, which may be unreliable. To mitigate some of these limitations described, there has been interest in collecting urine samples from closer to the point at which they are passed. This chapter presents and evaluates data obtained from standalone street urinals, undertaken in a variety of different settings.
Process Analysis – The Importance of Mass and Energy Balances
Authors: Fraga Eric S.
Published: January 2023

Process analysis is used to understand the behaviour of chemical processes. Given information on some streams and steps in the process, analysis is used to determine values for other streams and steps. The analysis is based on fundamental conservation properties of mass and energy. This chapter examines how the equations describing these conservation laws can be applied. Examples, including a distillation column with heat exchangers and a more complex recycle process with distillation and a reactor, are used to illustrate the application of process analysis.
Explosions
Authors: Broome Sharon , Todd Clifford , Jones Linda , Marshall Maurice
Published: January 2023

Mankind has been fascinated with explosives ever since the invention of gunpowder by the Chinese, with the first recorded use for military purposes being in the 13th Century. This chapter provides a background to the different types of explosive, defines the explosion process and offers an insight into the methods and processes used in the forensic investigation of explosives-related incidents as undertaken by the UK's Forensic Explosives Laboratory.
Digital Forensics
Authors: Price Blaine A. , Tuer John
Published: January 2023

Digital technology has rapidly moved from a domain for specialists and those with office jobs to an essential part of everyone's lives, no matter what age, occupation or walk of life. Nearly everyone communicates regularly with others using digital technology and regularly carries a computer with them in the form of a smartphone. This means that digital forensics is now likely to play a part in just about every crime investigation, and all investigators need to have a basic grasp of its capabilities and limitations. In this chapter we begin by looking at the laws and guidelines that govern digital forensics investigations, including the risks an investigator may face in examining data. We look at the techniques needed to legally acquire data from a variety of sources and some of the problems presented by recent changes in the capabilities of digital technologies, and the ways in which they are being used. Next we look at a number of techniques for analysing digital artefacts and the kinds of evidence that may be discovered. We conclude with some guidelines for reporting results of a digital forensics investigation as well as some of the coming challenges for the digital forensics investigator.
Review of Magnetorheological Fluids as Smart Materials
Authors: Wereley Norman M. , Choi Young
Published: January 2023

Chapter 10 reviews magnetorheological fluids (MRFs), which are suspensions of micron-sized magnetic particles such as iron carbonyl powder in a host liquid which is usually a type of oil with some additives to minimize particle sedimentation and particle wear and tear. When the MRF suspension is placed in a magnetic field, the suspended colloidal particles reconfigure to form chains in the direction of the magnetic flux and make the solution more solid-like than liquid. This new particle configuration, which shows some microstructure within the suspension sharply increases the apparent viscosity and the yield stress of the MRFs within milliseconds.
Review of Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites (IPMCs) as Smart Materials
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 17 reviews ionic polymer–metal nanocomposites (IPMCs). This chapter describes ionic polymeric networks containing conjugated ions that can be redistributed by an applied electric field and consequently act as distributed nanoactuators, nanosensors, and energy harvesters. It briefly presents the manufacturing methodologies and fundamental properties and characteristics of such ionic polymers such as IPMCs. A phenomenological model of the underlying actuation and sensing mechanisms is also presented based on linear irreversible thermodynamics. Here, there are two driving forces, an electric field, E, and a solvent pressure gradient, Δp. There are also two fluxes, the electric current density, J and the ionic+plasticizer flux, Q. Polymers containing equilibrated and conjugated ions within their molecular networks present a great opportunity to create smart nanocomposites with distributed nanoactuation, nanosensing, nano transduction and energy harvesting capabilities for a variety of industrial, scientific and medical applications. Gel-based and chitosan-based conductor composites have also been considered as electrically active composite smart materials.
Review of Conductive Polymers as Smart Materials
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 19 reviews conductive polymers (CPs). There are currently a fairly large number of CPs or synthetic conductors that are being used industrially or medically. Some of the basic conducting polymers are polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, poly(phenyl vinylene), polyacetylene, etc., which can be manufactured via chemical or electrochemical oxidation and reduction (redox) procedures. CPs with the ability to conduct electrical charges in addition to being flexible, optically active and not difficult to synthesize present a tremendous opportunity for the industrial and medical applications of CPs. Pioneering work on CPs reported the observation that the conductivity of polyacetylene increases by millions of times when it is oxidized via “doping” with iodine vapor. CPs can conduct electrical charge because within their molecular network charges can jump between the molecular chains of the polymer. CP molecular structures possess both single and double chemical bonds, which enhance charge transfer.
Review of Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 20 reviews liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), first discussed by Finkelmann. These materials can be used as robotic actuators via inducing a nematic–isotropic phase transition in them upon a temperature increase, which causes them to shrink, as described in a thorough review on these intelligent multi-functional materials by Brand and Finkelmann. LCEs have been made electroactive by creating a composite material that consists of monodomain nematic LCEs and a conductive phase such as graphite or CP that are distributed within their network structure. The actuation mechanism of these materials involves phase transition between nematic (cholesteric, smectic) and isotropic phases over less than a second. The reverse process is slower, taking about 10 seconds, and requires cooling the LCE back to its initial temperature as the LCE expands back to its original size. The mechanical properties of LCE materials can be controlled and optimized by effective selection of the liquid crystalline phase, density of cross-linking, the flexibility of the polymer backbone, the coupling between the backbone and liquid crystal group, and the coupling between the liquid crystal group and the external stimuli.
Hydrogels, Including Chemoresponsive Gels, as Smart Materials
Authors: Schneider Hans-Jörg
Published: January 2023

Chapter 21 reviews hydrogels, including chemoresponsive gels as smart materials. Hydrogels can be used for many applications, and are increasingly being developed also given their possible biocompatibility. Such smart materials can, depending on suitable chemical components, bind or release for example drugs, pollutants, catalysts, etc. upon interaction with external effectors, and swell or shrink under the influence of different pH, various chemical compounds, temperature, or light. Most hydrogels are amorphous, some are semicrystalline mixtures of amorphous and crystalline phases, or are crystalline. Hydrogels have a water content typically between 80 and 99%, which can be changed by external stimuli; this is the basis of many applications. Natural sources of hydrogels are for example agarose, chitosan, methylcellulose or hyaluronic acid, but most smart hydrogels are based on synthetic polymers or rely on chemical modification of natural systems. Synthetic polymers for gels are usually obtained by copolymerization or cross-linking free-radical polymerizations, reacting hydrophilic monomers with multifunctional cross-linkers. One can produce polymer chains via chemical reaction, through photochemical processes, or by radiation for the generation of free radicals. Alternatively, one can modify existing polymers by chemical reaction.
Overview of Janus Particles as Smart Materials
Authors: Jiang Shan , Miller Kyle
Published: January 2023

Chapter 24 reviews Janus particles as smart materials. In ancient Roman times, Janus was the god who had two faces (beginnings and endings). In modern science, we have adopted the term to describe particles with two distinct and usually contrasting sides. These particles have the resemblance of the Taijitu symbol in ancient Asian philosophy, where Yin and Yang (dark and bright) were used to describe seemingly opposite forces. It is believed that these two basic elements give rise to complicated change and transition in the whole world. In the same sense, Janus particles are defined by their duality, which can take on a variety of forms and create a wide range of new materials with the simple Janus motif. The possibilities for properties that can be assigned to each half of the Janus particles are vast (for example, hydrophobicity and charge), and are limited only by the fabrication capabilities of their creators. This chapter will provide an overview of the properties and applications of Janus particles as smart materials. To do this effectively, we must first go over some of the common strategies for fabricating Janus materials, since fabrication is still the primary limit for which combinations of properties can be achieved. Then, we will delve into the properties that emerge from these combinations, citing several examples of the self-assembly structures demonstrated by Janus particles. Finally, we will look at some potential applications for Janus systems.
Microwave Chemistry
Authors: Wharton Yvonne
Published: January 2023

Microwave chemistry is an increasingly common technique in organic synthesis and its benefits are being utilised to increase efficiency in the chemical industry. This chapter summarises the benefits of microwave chemistry and the options for scale up, and looks at some examples of how it is being used in industry.
Overview: Biochemical Transformations and Reactors
Authors: Leak David J.
Published: January 2023

This chapter is an overview of chapters12 to 17 in the section of the book on biochemical transformations and reactors.
Process Integration: An Overview
Authors: Gani Rafiqul
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents an overview of the two chapters of this book dealing with process integration related topics, sustainable process control (Chapter 26) and systematic computer aided framework for process synthesis, design and intensification (Chapter 27).
A dual-modal ROS generator based on multifunctional PDA–MnO2@Ce6 nanozymes for synergistic chemo-photodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Cui Anni , Bao Ying , Xu Haitao , Mu Xin , Zhong Xiahua , Wee Wynn , Wu Fanqi , Shan Guiye
Published: January 2023

PMCL nanozymes catalyze endogenous H2O2 to achieve O2 self-supplied PDT and improve the •OH generation by photothermal effect. Based on dual-enzyme activities, PMCL exhibits powerful antibacterial efficacy and mature bacterial biofilm eradication.
Oxygen-deficient MoO3−x evoked synergistic photo-thermal catalytic CO2 reduction over g-C3N4
Authors: Su Fengyun , Wang Zhishuai , Cao Hailong , Xie Haiquan , Tu Wenguang , Xiao Yonghao , Shi Shukui , Chen Jiaqi , Jin Xiaoli , Kong Xin Ying
Published: January 2023

In situ photodeposition of MoO3−x with oxygen vacancies evoked synergistic photo-thermal catalytic CO2 reduction over g-C3N4.
Wildfire particulate matter as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Fang Ting , Hwang Brian C. H. , Kapur Sukriti , Hopstock Katherine S. , Wei Jinlai , Nguyen Vy , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Shiraiwa Manabu
Published: January 2023

Wildfire particulate matter contains high amounts of environmentally persistent free radicals and generates reactive oxygen species with implications for air quality and public health.
Bread melanoidins as potential new sustainable bakery ingredients: a study using fat and fat-free bakery food models
Authors: Díaz-Morales Noelia , Cavia-Saiz Mónica , Rivero-Perez Ma Dolores , Gómez Inmaculada , Salazar-Mardones Gonzalo , Jaime Isabel , González-SanJosé María L. , Muñiz Pilar
Published: January 2023

Melanoidins isolated from bakery by-products are proposed as new sustainable ingredients for bakery products.
The direct catalytic synthesis of ultrasmall Cu2O-coordinated carbon nitrides on ceria for multimodal antitumor therapy
Authors: Cao Lijian , Feng Ziyan , Guo Ruiqian , Tian Qinyu , Wang Weiwen , Rong Xiao , Zhou Mi , Cheng Chong , Ma Tian , Deng Dawei
Published: January 2023

Engineering chem-/sono-/photo-multimodal antitumor therapies has become an efficient strategy to combat malignant tumors.
Towards control of excitonic coupling in DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates: the principal role of chemical substituent hydrophobicity and steric interactions
Authors: Díaz Sebastián A. , Pascual Gissela , Patten Lance K. , Roy Simon K. , Meares Adam , Chiriboga Matthew , Susumu Kimihiro , Knowlton William B. , Cunningham Paul D. , Mathur Divita , Yurke Bernard , Medintz Igor L. , Lee Jeunghoon , Melinger Joseph S.
Published: January 2023

Controlling exciton coupling in DNA templated dye aggregates is achieved by modifying sterics and hydrophobicity of Cy5-R dyes (varying the 5,5′-substituents). We conclude that sterics play the main role in orientation and coupling strength.
Introducing oxygen vacancies in a bi-metal oxide nanosphere for promoting electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Li Heen , Xu Xiaoyue , Lin Xiaohu , Chen Jianmin , Zhu Kunling , Peng Fei , Gao Faming
Published: January 2023

In this work, oxygen vacancy abundant NiMnO3 achieves a superior NH3 yield of 31.44 μg h−1 mgcat−1 at −0.3 V vs. RHE and a faradaic efficiency of 14.5% at −0.1 V vs. RHE.
Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXenes for efficient gas separation: a review
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Niu Zhenhua , Dai Yangyang , Mu Peng , Li Jian
Published: January 2023

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been widely investigated in recent years.
Cathode materials for halide-based aqueous redox flow batteries: recent progress and future perspectives
Authors: Lu Guolong , Wang Zhigui , Zhang Shusheng , Ding Junyang , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: January 2023

Various electrode materials and relevant modification approaches used for zinc-halogen, hydrogen-halogen, and polysulfide-halogen ARFB systems are summarized, and the relevant mechanisms and regulatory means are illustrated.
Design and characterization of a flow reaction calorimeter based on FlowPlate® Lab and Peltier elements
Authors: Frede Timothy A. , Hofe Nils vom , Reuß Rafael Jasper , Kemmerling Niklas , Kock Tobias , Herbstritt Frank , Kockmann Norbert
Published: January 2023

Microscale flow reaction calorimeter based on commercially available hastelloy C-22 microreactor for isoperibolic and isothermal operation mode.
Organocatalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective isomerization of prochiral 1,3-cyclohexanediones into nonalactones bearing distant stereocenters
Authors: d’Aleman Antoine , Gayraud Oscar , Fressigné Catherine , Petit Emilie , Bailly Laetitia , Maddaluno Jacques , De Paolis Michaël
Published: January 2023

Nine- and ten-membered lactones with up to three non-vicinal stereocenters (up to 99 : 1 er and dr) were prepared by ring expansion of prochiral alcohols (21 examples) upon exposure to quinidine and derivatives.
Self-powered light dimming system using a magneto-mechano-electric generator with hardener-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 single crystals
Authors: Song Hyunseok , Jang Jongmoon , Peddigari Mahesh , Pattipaka Srinivas , Min Yuho , Park Kwi-Il , Jeong Chang Kyu , Lee Han Eol , Park Jung Hwan , Lee Ho-Yong , Yoon Woon-Ha , Ryu Jungho , Hwang Geon-Tae
Published: January 2023

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN-PZT) single crystals were doped with hardener Mn at variable concentrations to fabricate a high-output magneto-mechano-electric generator, which was then used to prepare a self-powered light dimming system with ambient light sensor.
Encapsulated C12A7 electride material enables a multistep electron transfer process for cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Dai Bo , Li Zichuang , Xu Miao , Li Jiang , Lu Yangfan , Zai Jiantao , Fan Liuyin , Park Sang-Won , Sasase Masato , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo , Li Xin-Hao , Ye Tian-Nan , Chen Jie-Sheng
Published: January 2023

A multistep electron transfer process is realized over C12A7:e− electride composite material. The graphene promotes electron transfer from C12A7:e− through surface Pd to the aryl halide substrates, affording a series of cross-coupling reactions.
Enhancing visible-light photocatalytic performance of Au/TiO2catalysts through light reflection-promoted optical absorption with oriented anatase mesocrystals
Authors: Yang Jingling , He Shiman , Liu Hongwei , Jaatinen Esa , Waclawik Eric , Quan Jiamin , Sarina Sarina , He Chun , Huang Senchuan , Zhu Huaiyong , Wu Mingmei
Published: January 2023

Au NPs effectively harvest light through absorption of light back-reflected from <001> oriented TiO2mesocrystals supported on Ti foil. The enhanced light absorption facilitates the generation of electron–hole pairs and intensive EM fields that realizes efficient photocatalysis.
Agent-based intersection modelling of traffic and pedestrian flows
Authors: Logachev Maxim , Tkachev Andrey , Nikishina Irina
Published: January 2023

The results of formal model design of a major intersection area essential for providing residents with transport accessibility and mobility are presented in the article. Simulation methods were applied to develop a model. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics crucial for the functioning of the model as its input parameters were determined. The importance of using a model when modelling different behavior scenarios of model objects based on typical situations of the real world is established.
Optimization of transportation routing of high–tech transport companies is an important factor in the development of the country's regions
Authors: Zhukovskaya Irina , Begicheva Svetlana , Zhukovsky Andrey , Popadyuk Tatiana , Xashimhodjayev Sharafutdin
Published: January 2023

This article examines the issues of optimizing the routing of transportation of high-tech transport companies as one of the important factors in the development of the country's regions. The authors studied the methods of optimization of logistics flows, studied the experience of modern domestic companies providing logistics services. In addition, it is proved that high-tech transport companies, optimizing their activities based on the use of innovative technological solutions, contribute to the economic and social development of the country's regions. The calculations were carried out by the authors using simulation modeling in the AnyLogistix environment. Practical results were obtained that make it possible to determine the optimal location of distribution centers relative to the time spent on delivery and the cost of delivery. The authors have proved that economic and mathematical methods and digital technologies are the basis for optimizing the routing of high-tech transport companies, whose activities in turn serve as the basis for the competitiveness of regions in the unified economic complex of the country.
The effectiveness of the use of astaxanthin in production feeds for promising aquaculture objects
Authors: Akhmedzhanova Aliya , Ponomarev Sergey , Fedorovykh Yulia , Levina Olga , Starikova Tatyana , Dutikov Evgeny
Published: January 2023

When developing the composition of recipes for complete dry combined feeds in industrial aquaculture, in addition to their balance in terms of basic nutrients, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of a number of irreplaceable biologically active feed components in them. Among them, along with vitamins and minerals, are carotenoids – natural pigments contained in the natural food of fish. Carotenoids – play a different role in the metabolism of fish and are also pronounced antioxidants that protect the body from the action of free radicals. The article discusses the experience of using the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in feeding tilapia. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that has a huge impact on the functioning of all systems and overall health. But this practice has not affected mass thermophilic aquaculture species like tilapia, their muscle tissues and caviar are not stained under the action of astaxanthin, and its effect on the physiological status of fish, as well as antioxidant properties have not been studied. It was found that the addition of astaxanthin – 20.0 and 40.0 mg/ kg to the composition of production feeds allowed to increase productivity by 22.0 and 39.2%, respectively, as well as to have a positive effect on the physiological state of fish.
Methodical approach to assessing the level of environmental safety of urbanized territories
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Kotlyarova Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

The article presents a methodological approach to combining three criteria reflecting the ecological, economic and social characteristics of an urbanized territory. In particular, attention is paid to the third stage of the methodical approach to assessing the level of environmental safety of urbanised territories. Its essence lies in the construction of a spatial diagram of a comprehensive assessment, in the three-dimensional space of which values are plotted in the form of points characterising the complex state of the environment of the considered sections of the urbanized territory. The scientific approach proposed by us and the corresponding improved method for assessing the level of environmental safety of urbanised territories will, in our opinion, allow, even at the stage of pre-project surveys, to make environmentally effective, economical and socially responsible decisions related to changes in the infrastructure of urbanised territories during the reconstruction and redevelopment of existing and construction of new urban facilities. At the next stage of the study, we plan to pay attention to the peculiarities of the negative impact on the environment of specific objects of modern infrastructure of urbanised territories, namely production facilities of certain hazard classes and shopping and entertainment centres or complexes located on sites that were previously allocated for the placement and operation of enterprises.
Study of robust stability of indoor temperature control system
Authors: Tseligorov Nikolay , Ozersky Anatoly , Chubykin Anatoly , Galka Galina , Zhukov Alexander
Published: January 2023

The stages of design and study of the indoor temperature control system have been considered. An assessment of the possibilities of the indoor temperature control of a discrete model of the control system has been carried out. The transfer function of the control object with interval coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials taking into account possible ranges of change of the greatest time constant responsible for the enclosing structures has been obtained. The applied graphical method of studying the obtained system has provided an output of the family of root trajectories on a complex plane and visually demonstrated absolute and robust absolute stability of the automatic temperature control system. The simulation carried out in the MATLAB system has confirmed the correctness of the results obtained.
Assessment of the influence of geophysical parameters on the value of maximum surface concentrations from emissions of asphalt concrete plants
Authors: Golovina Elena , Ivanova Irina , Kargashilov Dmitriy , Sushko Elena , Parshina Anastasia
Published: January 2023

The influence of geophysical parameters of the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and terrain, as well as climatic characteristics on the maximum values of surface concentrations of emissions into the atmosphere is analysed. The results of the presented material make it possible to predict atmospheric pollution by emissions coming from asphalt concrete plants. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the inventory data of the ACP of six cities of the Russian Federation (Perm, Temryuk, Kursk, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, and Novgorod); calculations of gross emissions made by specific indicators for all ingredients: dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, petroleum hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide. The dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the coefficient of temperature stratification of the atmosphere and the dependence of the maximum surface concentration of a harmful substance on the terrain coefficient are established. There is a significant difference in annual emissions into the atmosphere in different regions with the same productivity and efficiency of treatment systems. The difference in the technogenic load on the environment from the geophysical characteristics of the region is revealed. The significant influence of the geographical location of Russian cities on the norms of maximum permissible emissions and the parameters of their dispersion, in particular, on the maximum surface concentration, is presented.
Innovations in passenger transport aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and the problems associated with their implementation
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Mazhazhikhov Alim , Tsukanova Elena
Published: January 2023

The problem of environmental pollution from passenger transport is one of the endless problems of our time. The present study identifies 5 groups of passenger transport polluting the environment: road, rail, air, sea and river transport. This study has identified the current amount of pollution caused by the operation of passenger transport. The issue of financing, which ensures the renovation of passenger transport systems to make them more environmentally friendly, was identified as a problematic aspect. As a consequence, a comparative analysis of prospective solutions to improve passenger transport has been carried out. Thus, the methods used revealed that switching to biofuel and introducing electric energy into passenger transport mechanisms would minimise emissions into the environment, which is the aim of this study - to identify the most promising innovations in public passenger transport designed to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Problems and prospects for the development of the Northern Sea route: its port facilities’ current state from a Western sector perspective
Authors: Smirnov Anton , Smyaglikova Elena , Smolokurov Evgeniy , Mazhazhikhov Alim
Published: January 2023

In the twenty-first century, the Arctic is the latest contested region of global significance. The interests of foreign states encompass not only oil and gas production in the Arctic, but also the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The NSR has the status of a major transport artery in the Arctic sector of Russia and is seen as a transcontinental Euro-Asian maritime transport corridor. The study examines the importance of ports in the Arctic basin in the Northern Sea Route system. The volume of traffic along the NSR from 2011 to 2020 is analyzed. The characteristic of the key NSR ports in the aspect of cargo transshipment and access to the World Ocean is given. Based on the classification and analysis of statistical data, the authors examine the characteristics and role of Western Russian ports in the Arctic basin, as well as their current state. The conclusion is substantiated that the development of NSR is a priority direction of the Russian economy in the aspect of increasing the volume of export and cargo turnover of Russian ports in times.
Sustainable development of the industry in the context of digitalization and ecolinguistics monitoring
Authors: Novikova Nina , Murugova Elena , Shapovalova Elena , Manzhilevskaya Svetlana
Published: January 2023

The development of organizational communication monitoring involves increasing the sustainability of production development, ensuring the efficiency of production. The article sets out the experience of some research in this area carried out by the authors. The authors propose to develop a system of optimization of efforts and resources aimed at improving the methodological apparatus of communication activity of specialists in production, considering the existing experience. Development of a comprehensive approach to acting in conditions of uncertainty, quasi-stable situations of risk and communicative tension. Development of creative potential of communication participants, their ability to integrate into various management situations and respond quickly to the changing situation in the workplace. The system development of a pragmatic approach to the communicative component of company management, the development of environmentally appropriate measures to maintain continuous managerial communication in the digital space, comfort and stress resistance of the employee.
Study of the emotional state of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts
Authors: Pavlova Olga , Gulenko Olga , Zhelonkin Nikolai , Devyatkin Anatoly , Shestitko Yegor
Published: January 2023

The influence of biologically active compounds on the functional state of the central nervous system and the emotional component in rats can be evaluated by using behavioral methods, which are based on studying the exploratory behavior of animals in an environment new to them. One such method is the study of animal behavior in an elevated cross-shaped maze with open and closed arms and the Porsolt "despair" test. The aim of our study was to investigate the emotional state of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts of Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba, Eleuterococcus and a mixture of aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica and Ginkgo biloba. The study of the emotional state of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts was performed on 3 month old animals obtained in the experiment from males (20 animals) and females (50 animals), which received aqueous plant extracts at a dose of 30 mg/100 g of the animal body weight, in the volume of 1 ml for 30 days. Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba and Eleutherococcus have pronounced nootropic activity, as the evaluation of animal anxiety level in the Elevated Cross Maze test and depression level in the Porsolt Despair Behavior test show a significant difference in the behavior of intact rats and offspring rats, receiving aqueous plant extracts as an additional load and the most pronounced effect is observed with the complex application of extracts of Centella asiatica and Ginkgo biloba.
Acoustic-mechanical effect on the sperm of sturgeon fish using piezoactuators
Authors: Ponomareva Elena , Firsova Angelina , Krasilnikova Aleksandra , Kovalenko Matvey , Rudoy Dmitry
Published: January 2023

To improve the quality of the frozen material during cryopreservation, scientists apply various effects on cells: mechanical, chemical or physical. In this work we use acoustic-mechanical effects on cells before cryopreservation. As a result of the studies, the optimal parameters of the impact of the piezoactuator were selected to improve the quality of defrosted reproductive cells of male sturgeons. The object of research was the sperm of the Russian sturgeon. The progressive motility time of native spermatozoa posure time (0.5 min; 1 min, 1.5 min) and frequency (300 Hz, 500 Hz, 550 Hz) were used. Analysis of the motility of thawed sperm showed that the best result in terms of the percentage of sperm motility was obtained when using a frequency of 500 Hz for 1 minute (27%). At the same time, the best indicator of sperm motility time was given by using a frequency of 300 Hz for 1 minute (390 s).
Multimodal learning strategy role in the formation of value orientations of the student youth
Authors: Lemeshko Galina , Zubareva Elena , Zubareva Svetlana
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to study the exceptional nature of modern conditions for inculturation in higher education is, in particular, due to the introduction of a multimodal learning strategy into the educational process, focused on the training of broad specialists in terms of transitional economy. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the values of two generations of the student youth, formed in two fundamentally different systems of training highly qualified personnel. Modern methods of data analysis have made it possible to draw up a portrait of a modern student of higher education, including his/her needs and interests. The analysis showed that the use of the possibilities of a multimodal learning strategy contributed to the strengthening of individualism, a broad worldview were formed among young people. To improve the quality of training highly qualified personnel, it is proposed to shift the vector of a multimodal training strategy from solving urgent problems of economic markets to the mental needs of a person, which is a key link in the sustainable development of the economy.
Biotechnology of land reclamation in rice crop rotations
Authors: Kuznetsov Evgeny , Khadzhidi Anna , Kravchenko Lyudmila , Khadzhidi Aleksandr , Malysheva Nadezhda
Published: January 2023

The article presents research based on which the biotechnology of land reclamation in rice crop rotations after fish fallow to improve water and land resources efficiency of rice systems is developed. Irrigation regimes’ influence on rice yield and grain quality was studied. Vegetation experiments and field studies were carried out to establish the place of fish fallow and rice share in the fish/rice crop rotation composition. It is established that after fish fallow the highest Rapan rice variety yield is obtained at shortened and periodic flooding with 5 cm layer up to tillering phase. Under the shortened flooding regime, the qualitative indicators of rice grain and straw in terms of macronutrients content are the best in comparison with other regimes. The most balanced rice irrigation regime under the studied conditions is the regime with periodic flooding with a water layer of 5 cm.
The Novoroscement plant in the city of Novorossiysk
Authors: Mamas Natalia , Zharnikova Alina
Published: January 2023

The object of the research is the Novoroscement plant. The location of the plant is shown below in Figure 1. The Novoroscement cement plant is located in the eastern part of the city. After reconstruction of the plant treatment facilities have been installed at the plant and the dust removal system of the clinker cooler was modernized. The location of the enterprise has got a lot of advantages. It is located next to the non-freezing sea, and it has got a convenient transport infrastructure (railways and roads). Cement is a key building material and special attention should be given to the selection of “green technology” in the process of its production. We understand that preference should be given to the more environmentally friendly wet process of cement manufacturing. The location of the plant at the present time is the most convenient both in terms of safety for the life of the population and in the economic sense. The plant operates on such raw materials as marl. The marl’s extraction and delivery to the point of production play an important role.
Resource Saving as the Basis for Efficient Pork Production
Authors: Rasskasov Aleksandr , Choi Leonid , Rudoy Dmitry , Olshevskaya Anastasiya
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the issues of resource saving at pork production and its impact on the production cost. Based on this analysis, it is shown that pork production’s cost is influenced by not only by the unit cost of resources, but also to a greater extent by the resources’ cost. Calculations of the cost price and specific resource cost’s level, as well as resources’ change cost dependence were performed. The specific weight of resource costs for individual technological processes’ performance at the pork production is established. The most resource-intensive are the feed distributing and a microclimate technological process providing. It is suggested that for efficient pork production, it is necessary not only to reduce the unit cost of resources (feed, labor, electricity, fuel), but also to restrain the growth of resource prices in every possible way by state regulation. At the present stage of development at acute competition conditions, pork producers need primarily the cost of production reduction and competitive products’ manufactory’s ensuring to focus.
The role and metabolic functions of the branched-chain amino acids: a review
Authors: Obvintseva Olga , Erimbetov Kenes , Mikhailov Vitaly , Sofronova Olga , Polyakova Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

In recent years, a number of new functions of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) - leucine, valine and isoleucine - have been revealed in various states of the body in animals and humans. BCAA are involved in the regulation of the metabolism of not only proteins, but also lipids and carbohydrates, maintain the health of the mammary glands and intestines, and help in early implantation and development of embryos. BCAA increase protein synthesis and are currently considered as feed additives to improve meat productivity in pigs. New aspects of metabolic and regulatory functions of BCAA include a number of regularities: 1) insufficient or excessive levels of them in the diet enhances lipolysis; 2) BCAA, especially isoleucine, play an important role in glucose utilization by activating glucose transporters in the intestines and muscles; 3) BCAA enhance the development of the intestine, the transport of amino acids and the production of mucin; 4) BCAA are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the near future, the use of high-performance functional genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics will make it possible to more fully reveal the functions of BCAA in gene expression, protein synthesis, and metabolism regulation.
Papillomavirus-associated neoplasms of dogs and cats
Authors: Kudacheva Natalia
Published: January 2023

Papillomavirus oncogenesis as a benign process, clinically diagnosed as papillomatosis, is common in small domestic animals, in particular among cats and dogs, but in the nosological structure of neoplasms has a different ratio depending on the species. Recent data indicate the provocation of precancerous and neoplastic lesions in domestic species by the papillomatosis virus. Clinically, oncogenesis is associated with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, which is determined by the tropicity of the virus, since the papillomavirus replication cycle is closely related to the differentiation of cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium, and in accordance with the morphological classification provokes the development of epithelial tumors without specific localization. The following neoplasms were identified in the structure of tumors of epithelial origin in dogs and cats: papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. In statistical studies during the study period, organ-specific tumors in dogs amounted to 23.85%, in cats 12.5%. The concept of infectious oncology is used, which includes and combines the basic principles of infectious and oncological processes. Bibliographic analysis revealed the associativity of papillomavirus infection with specific neoplasms, depending on the taxonomy of the virus and the type of animal.
Feed additives with probiotics: development and application in bird feeding
Authors: Zelenkova Galina , Zelenkov Alexey , Kochetkova Natalieia
Published: January 2023

Our research in the field of developing the formula of feed mixtures with the inclusion of probiotic strains is relevant and in demand. This is due to the current consumer trends on the environmental friendliness and organic nature of the livestock and poultry products produced. The authors have developed the basic principles underlying the modeling of feed additive formulations. However, the introduction of viable cells of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) into the feed significantly increases the requirements for the level of design of feed products. Thus, the article describes the basic principles of the algorithm for designing feed products for poultry. A technological scheme for combining the components of the supplement and probiotic preparations immediately before feeding to poultry has been developed. According to the developed algorithm, the effect of such an active component of the feed additive as bentonite on the growth and survival of the target probiotic strains was tested. As a result of the conducted research, an algorithm for obtaining new feed additives for poultry is presented. The parameters of feeding of repair young animals and laying hens have been developed. The composition of feed additives with the inclusion of the probiotic strains under study was developed and studied.
The study of the Profort probiotic use in the specific prevention of salmonellosis in calves
Authors: Manzhurina Olga , Shaposhnikov Ivan , Yermakova Tatyana , Bliznetsova Galina , Parkhomenko Yulia , Kotarev Vyacheslav , Bryukhova Irina
Published: January 2023

In order to increase the post-vaccination immune response during vaccination of calves against salmonellosis, a test was carried out with an inactivated emulsified vaccine against the background of the use of the probiotic Profort. The studies were carried out on the basis of a large livestock farm in the Voronezh region, unfavorable for salmonellosis of calves. Epizootological, clinical, immunological, hematological, molecular genetic research methods were used in the work. Studies have shown that vaccination of calves against salmonellosis against the background of the use of the probiotic preparation Profort with an inactivated emulsified vaccine contributed to the development of intense cellular immunity – an increase in the total number of lymphocytes and T-cells by 7.0%, B-cells – by 2.8%%, phagocytic activity of neutrophils - by 5.9%, phagocytic number – by 7.2%, phagocytic index – by 7.0%, as well as humoral immunity factors – BaS by 3.0%, LaS – by 3.0%%, CaS – by 1.7%, O- and H-agglutinins to salmonella antigen – 1.5 and 2 times, respectively. The use of Profort increases the protective properties of the vaccine against salmonellosis, helps to reduce the incidence by 13.3%, and increase the safety of young animals by 26.6%. Therefore, to optimize the use of Profort probiotic, it is necessary to take into account its immunomodulatory effect.
The effectiveness of using lipid- and water-soluble analogues of vitamin E as antioxidant protectors for cryopreservation of sperm of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)
Authors: Ponomareva Elena , Osipova Victoria , Kolyada Margarita , Belaya Maria , Krasilnikova Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

The aim of the research was to comparative study the effectiveness of synthetic antioxidants – lipid-soluble (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) and water–soluble (trolox) analogues of vitamin E for the cryopreservation of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm in the presence of the modified Stein’s medium. The ability of phenolic antioxidants to reduce the level of lipid peroxidation of sturgeon sperm, beneficial effect on the motility of thawed sperm has been shown. The addition of lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants to a basic cryomedim increased the fertilization rate of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm cells about 10% compared to the control experiment. The insignificant protective effect of these antioxidants presumably is explained by the use of a cryogenic medium with additive of toxic DMSO, therefore, it is necessary to develop a new composition of the cryo-medium with a minimum concentration of DMSO.
Probiotic drug based on Kluyveromyces marxianus for poultry
Authors: Koshchayev Ivan , Lavrinenko Kristina , Medvedeva Polina
Published: January 2023

The article provides an analysis of the relevance of the use of yeast probiotic drugs, their use in agriculture is considered. The results of practical studies on the effect of a probiotic drug based on kluyveromyces marxianus on the productive indicators of laying hens are presented. The article presents data reflecting the indicators of the productive qualities of laying hens, on the basis of which the conclusions confirming the effectiveness of the use of a probiotic drug based on kluyveromyces marxianus in egg poultry farming are summarised and presented.
Industry 4.0. Technique for ranking vector estimates when choosing business partners
Authors: Starkova Maria , Mikhailovskaya Natalia , Korovkina Alina , Nidziy Elena
Published: January 2023

The fourth industrial revolution is affecting companies and leading to new strategic thinking. The changes brought about by the requirements of Industry 4.0 are forcing restructuring in many areas of management or building new business models.