bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-acetylcysteine supplementation may affect somatic cell count in goat milk (short communication)
Authors: Bagnicka E. , Józwik A. , Strzalkowska N. , Sliwa-Józwik A. , Krzyzewski J. , Kolataj A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate an influence of supplementation of exogenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the somatic cell count (SCC, quantified as cells per ml) and chemical composition of goat milk. The study was carried out on 15 goats, in the last part of lactation (220-250 days). The animals were divided into 3 groups according to SCC in their milk: 1st – up to 2×106, 2nd – from 2 to 4×106 and 3rd – above 4×106. The animals were clinically healthy. They were given NAC in the amount of 12 mg/ kg of live body weight per os for 7 days, once a day, during evening milking. Milk yield, as well as fat, protein and lactose contents and SCC were studied three times: 1st – just before starting the experiment, 2nd – after 7 days of NAC application and 3rd – a week after the end of NAC application. The analysis of variance with General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS® package was used. There was observed the significant decrease of SCC after one-week supplementation of NAC and stagnation of SCC after next week in all three groups. The changes of chemical composition of milk were not significant. The significant decrease of SCC may indicate improvement of health of mammary gland. The oxidation processes might be decreased and probably the increase of immune defence of organism took place. One can suggest that the supplementation of NAC may lead to improvement of goat udder health.
Linkage mapping of five genes on SSC12 in a Berkshire × Yorkshire cross (Brief report)
Authors: Yu M. , Rothschild M. F. , Yang J. , Zhao S. , Li K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. three-generation family of pig was generated by an intercross between animals of two Berkshire grand sires and nine Yorkshire grand dams (BY), and a total of 525 F2 offspring were produced. The initial genome scan analysis identified suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fat traits on chromosome 12 (SSC12) (MALEK et al., 2001). Animals that were homozygous for Berkshire alleles had relatively less back fat than those with Yorkshire alleles, and heterozygotes were fattest for these QTL. The objective of this study was to further characterize these SSC12 QTL by mapping five additional genes (PSME3, GRB7, MAC30, RPS6KB1 and TAX1BP3) in the BY family and see if they were associated with fatness traits.
Tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) is associated with lean meat growth and meat quality in the pig (Brief Report)
Authors: Wu H. , Zhao S. , Liu B. , Yu M. , Zhu M. , Li C. , Fan B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tropomodulin 1 (TMOD1) is a member of the tropomodulin family, which are highly conserved capping proteins of the pointed ends of the erythrocyte membrane and sarcomeric actin filaments. Tropomodulins are involved in the architecture of the sarcomere in muscle cells and the membrane skeleton in nonmuscle cells (COLUCCIO et al. 1994, GREGORIO et al. 1995). TMOD1 is predominantly expressed in vertebrate cardiac muscle and slow twitch muscle fibers, and it binds to one end of tropomyosin (TM) that plays important roles in regulating the function of actin filament (FISCHER et al. 2003, GUNNING et al. 2008). Here we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the porcine TMOD1 gene and further analyzed the effects of this gene on the lean meat growth, meat quality and other related traits in pigs.
Development of eight-plex microsatellite PCR for parentage control in deer
Authors: Zsolnai A. , Lehoczky I. , Gyurmán A. , Nagy J. , Sugár L. , Anton I. , Horn P. , Magyary I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Nine loci have been compiled into two multiplex microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sets (four and five loci) and used as a tool to determine the most probable hind for each calf. The two sets were suitable to combine them in an eight-plex reaction. The exclusion probabilities of the eight-plex reaction and the nine loci were 99.3 and 99.6 % respectively, which allows the routine application of eight loci in wildlife management – as a first attempt to use molecular genetic information for such a task and it eliminates multiple sample handling in consecutive PCRs. Two loci out of the nine were never been used in deer previously.
Nucleolar organizer regions, satellite associations and nucleoli of goat cells (Capra hircus)
Authors: Andraszek K. , Horoszewicz E. , Smalec E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Polish White Improved goat karyotype consists of 29 pairs of acrocentric autosomes, a large acrocentric X chromosome and a metacentric Y chromosome which is the smallest in the karyotype. Staining of chromosomes with AgNO,sub>3 solution has revealed active nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in terminal parts of q arms of pair 2, 3, 4, 5, and 28 chromosomes. Out of the total of 100 analysed cells 736 active NORs have been found, on average 7.4±0.2 per cell. Active NORs were most frequently observed in pair 2, and 3 chromosomes, most rarely on pair 5 chromosomes. In all the analysed cells 141, satellite associations (SA) were observed, on average 1.4±0.2 per cell. SAs most often occurred in cells with seven active NORs, and least often in cells with three or four nucleolar organizer regions. Most frequently in SAs the presence of pair 2, 3 and 28 chromosomes was observed. On meiotic chromosomes staining with AgNO3 solution revealed two nucleoli stained with different intensity. Both nucleoli in the cell were of similar size.
Estimating lethal allele frequencies in complex pedigrees via gene dropping approach using the example of Brown Swiss cattle
Authors: Manatrinon S. , Egger-Danner C. , Baumung R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A new approach to estimating the allele frequencies of lethal autosomal-recessive genetic disorders was developed based on the gene dropping method. The method was tested in the complex pedigrees of 1 830 125 animals of the Austrian Brown Swiss population, where carriers for 4 genetic disorders were recorded. Trends of allele frequencies of Spinal Dysmyelination and Spinal Muscular Atrophy increased while Weaver decreased, but allele frequencies of Arachnomelia fluctuated between 2 and 3 %. The results were compared to the results from other methods. The results obtained from probability of gene origin were higher than the results from gene dropping in general, while the results from gene counting were lowest due to the fact that just a part of the pedigree information could be considered by the used program. The gene dropping and gene counting methods used here take lethal selection into account, while the program based on probability of gene origin does not. Therefore, gene dropping and gene counting seem to be more appropriate for estimating the lethal allele frequency of lethal autosomal-recessive genetic disorders. Applying the gene dropping approach, one can obtain the distribution of allele frequencies and confidence intervals for the allele frequency, which might be valuable for observing trends in active breeding populations.
Control charts applied to pig farming data
Authors: Engler J. , Tölle K.-H. , Timm H. H. , Hohls E. , Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Statistical control charts are effective tools to reveal changes in a production process. The CUSUM (cumulative sum) and the EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) control chart are used to detect small deviations in a process. Data from two sow herds, herd A and herd B, were collected from 1999 to 2004. Farm A had an average number of 530 breeding sows, Farm B had an average of 370 breeding sows. Both herds were diagnosed with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS). The weekly means of the number of piglets weaned (NPW), the pre-weaning mortality (PWM) and return to service rate (RSR) were analysed with different settings of the CUSUM as well as the EWMA control chart to reveal a shift in the production process. For the pre-weaning mortality and the number of piglets weaned, the two charts detected a change in the process 4 weeks (Farm A) and 2 weeks before (Farm B) PRRS was diagnosed. The CUSUM and the EWMA chart revealed a shift in the return to service rate on Farm A 3.5 months before PRRS was detected. On Farm B, the signal occurred 6 weeks before the infection was detected. The CUSUM and the EWMA control charts were effective tools for detecting small deviations in sow herd data. Compared with EWMA, the use of the CUSUM chart is more straightforward and the settings are more easily handled. The CUSUM chart is therefore the preferred option for use in practice.
Physicochemical properties of milk fat from three breeds of cows during summer and winter feeding
Authors: Barłowska J. , Grodzicki T. , Topyła B. , Litwińczuk Z.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The investigations included total 515 milk samples which were collected from 309 cows of the main dairy cows’ breeds used in Poland, i.e. Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-White variety (n=150), Polish Holstein-Friesian Red-White variety (n=77) and Simmental (n=82). There was determined a content of fat, protein and dry matter, a share of fat globules ranging in size, i.e. <6 μm, 6-10 μm and >10 μm as well as a fatty acids profile. It was shown that milk gained from Holstein-Friesian cows was characterized with a higher level of fat dispersion (over 70 % globules of <6 μm diameter and a higher percentage of short- and long-chain fatty acids (ca. 19 %). The Simmentalers’ milk had a higher protein : fat ratio (about 0.89), a lower fat dispersion level (8.21 % globules of >10 μm diameter) and the highest share of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.28 %). Cows nutrition included pasture forage during summer (independently on the breed) had a significant influence (P≤0.01) on increased polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage (mean by 0.51 %). The winter milk, however, showed a significantly higher content of dry matter, fat and protein as well as a higher share of big-sized milk globules.
The accuracy of prediction of body weight from body measurements in beef cattle
Authors: Ozkaya S. , Bozkurt Y.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of prediction of body weight from body measurements in beef cattle. Wither height, chest girth, body length, chest depth, hip width and hip height measurements were obtained from Holstein, Brown Swiss and crossbred (n=140). Determination coefficients (R2) of regression equation that included all body measurements were higher in Brown Swiss and crossbred than Holstein (92.2, 95.0 and 68.2 %, respectively). However, it was found that chest girth was the best parameter of all for prediction of body weight in Brown Swiss (R2=91.1 %) and crossbred cattle (R2=88.8 %) in comparison to Holstein (R2=60.7 %). According to these results, the body weight estimation of Brown Swiss and crossbred cattle using the body measurements produced higher prediction accuracies than Holstein but chest girth was the best parameter to prediction of body weight among all body measurements. However, the prediction accuracy of prediction of body weight from body measurements and also chest girth was decreased when the animals frame size was increased.
Role of genetic markers in the prediction of classification of Czech Large White gilts to a hyperprolific line
Authors: Kernerová N. , Matoušek V. , Čermáková A. , Forbelská M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of statistical evaluation (discriminant analysis) was to find out whether the genetic endowment the gilt was born with is a high-quality discriminator for prediction of its future classification to a hyperprolific line (HPL). Based on the results a conclusion is drawn that the gilt with genotype CC of ESR gene will be classified to HPL in high probability – if the effect of this gene is not reduced by an interaction with other genes. The statistical analysis did not reveal a significant effect of FSHB gene in Czech Large White sows on their future classification to HPL. On the contrary, PRLR gene is a highquality discriminator. Obviously, it is highly probable that the gilt with genotype BB will be classified to HPL. It is to state from the analysis of pairs of the studied genes that the adult gilt with genotype CC of ESR gene and genotype BB of FSHB gene and/or PRLR gene will be classified to HPL in all probability. PRLR gene has a dominant effect in the pair ESR and PRLR. Genotype BB of PRLR gene (the most beneficial of the genotypes from the aspect of future classification of gilts to HPL) markedly increases posterior probability of alleles of ESR gene. If the classification of a gilt to HPL is predicted from the analysis of all three genes, the results of partial analyses are confirmed in most cases. The results of the experiment indicate a possible prediction of gilts on the basis of their genotype for classification to HPL but it cannot be confirmed that the identified »beneficial« genotype will always be expressed in different populations by an increase in reproductive traits.
The content of chosen chemical elements in wool of sheep of different origins and breeds
Authors: Patkowska-Sokoła B. , Dobrzański Z. , Osman K. , Bodkowski R. , Zygadlik K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The following chemical elements in sheep wool originating from Poland (Polish Mountain Sheep), Greece (Karagounico breed), and Syria (Awassi breed) were analysed: macroelements (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, S), trace elements (Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Ti, Zn) and heavy metals (As, Cd Hg, Pb). Some statistically significant differences were observed between the content of the examined elements in sheep wool collected in the above countries. Sulphur, calcium, sodium and potassium were found in the highest amounts, while arsenic, cadmium and mercury occurred in the lowest quantity.
Effect of roasted cereals and soybean in feed mixtures on fattening and slaughter traits as well as blood composition in fattening lambs
Authors: Antunović Z. , Domaćinović M. , Šperanda M. , Liker B. , Mioč B. , Šerić V. , Šperanda T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The study examined the effect of raw and roasted cereals (corn, oat and barley) and soybean in diet on growth performance and blood parameters of lambs fattening. Totally 60 lambs after ablactation at average of 50 days, were tested and equally divided into three groups: an experimental I (E I), experimental II (E II) and a control (C) group. The fattening period lasted 56 days. Lambs of the C group were fed on mixture with crude forages, those from the E I on mixture with roasted cereals and lambs of the E II on mixture with both roasted cereals and soybean. The lambs from E I and E II groups grew faster (by 13.62 and 19.40 %), gained higher final body weight (by 6.72 and 8.08 %) and spent less food per kg of daily gain weights (by 14.03 and 13.24 %) although feed consumption in E I was lower (by 2.33 %) but in E II higher (3.49 %) in comparison with the C group. The blood serum concentrations of cholesterol-total and cholesterol-HDL were lower for lambs EI groups compared with lambs C and E II groups. ALP activity was higher for lambs EI and EII groups compared with C group. Urea concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) lower, and that of albumin higher in E II group compared to C group. There were no differences among groups for the serum minerals content, other biochemical indicators and enzymes. Obtained differences in slaughter properties of lambs (carcass weight and dressing) indicate their better productive effects. Concerning the gained production results may be concluded that the use of roasted cereals and soybean in feed mixture in lambs fattening is justified.
Effect of the backfat thickness of sows in late pregnancy on the composition of colostrum and milk
Authors: Beyga K. , Rekiel A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of the condition of the sows in high pregnancy, being expressed by fat reserves and body weight, and of lactation period on chemical composition and energy content as well as physical and cytological parameters of colostrum and milk of the sows. The studies were conducted with 100 sows (PLW × PL), classified into the groups according to backfat thickness: I – (P2 + P4)/2>20 mm and II – (P2 + P4)/2≤20 mm. The experiment was performed since 104th day of pregnancy till weaning of piglets after 21-day lactation. Fatness (points P2 and P4) and their changes during the periods: high pregnancy – parturition – weaning as well as physical and cytological parameters and colostrum and milk composition were examined. Domination of fatness in highly pregnant sows from group I vs. II was maintained during parturition and weaning (P≤0.001). Any effect of the sow condition on colostrum and milk quality was not found. In case of lower fat reserves in sows (group II vs. I) only lower fat content in colostrum and its lower energy content (by 16.3 % and 4.9 %, respectively), was found. For the majority of parameters no significant differences between the two groups were found. Only the bodyweight at weaning in group II, despite smaller number of piglets in the litter, was found to be significantly lower.
Association between PrP genotypes and selected growth traits of Hungarian Merino and German Mutton Merino rams (Short Communication)
Authors: Nagy B. , Anton I. , Sáfár L. , Fésüs L. , Zsolnai A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In sheep, susceptibility to scrapie is associated with the prion protein (PrP) gene polymorphism. In this study the association between selected growth traits (daily weight gain from birth to weaning and in farm fattening performance test, as well as body weight at one and two years) and PrP genotypes ARR/ARR, ARR/XXX and XXX/XXX (XXX representing AHQ, ARQ, ARH or VRQ) has been investigated in Hungarian Merino (n=286) and German Mutton Merino (n=215) rams. No significant association was found among the studied growth traits and the PrP genotypes in the Hungarian Merino breed. In case of a group of German Mutton Merino rams lamb daily gain was significantly (P≤0.05) – but in a small extent – associated with PrP genotype, which influenced the daily gain values by 9.6 %.
Oxidative stability and quality of raw Saanen and Alpine goats milk
Authors: Marenjak T. S. , Poljičak-Milas N. , Piršljin J. , Ljubić B. B. , Milinković Tur S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The milk composition and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in fresh and refrigerated raw goat milk of Saanen and Alpine breed at the breeding period were investigated. Low average milk fat, SNF and lactose content were determined in both breeds with no significant differences between breeds regarding the milk yield and milk composition. The significantly higher somatic cell count (SCC) was detected in Saanen goats. The SOD activity and TBARS concentration were significantly higher 14 h after the collection and cold storage in both breeds of dairy goats with no difference between the breeds. In the Alpine goats the TBARS concentration was negatively correlated with urea concentration, and in the milk of the Saanen goats the TBARS was positively correlated with proteins and SCC. The higher SCC in the Saanen goats may have caused higher production of secondary oxidative products catalysed by the enzyme superoxide dismutase from polymorphonuclear granulocytes present in the udder, or by some other enzymes that participate in oxidation of the milk constituents. The energy shortage and protein surplus in the diet of the dairy goats may have induced the higher degree of lipid mobilisation and a consequent increase of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are easily prone to oxidation and formation of the secondary oxidative products.
Physical chick parameters and effects on growth performance in broiler
Authors: Petek M. , Orman A. , Dikmen S. , Alpay F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study was made to compare physical chick quality indicators such as chick length and feather colour and their effects on the uniformity and subsequent growth performance in broiler. For this reason; 600 day old male chicks were used. Chicks were classified into two groups on the basis of their feather colour: deep and light yellow. Then, chicks in each group were further divided into three groups as small, middle and large according to their body length. The length of the middle group animals was varied between 18.0–18.3 cm, while that of the largest group was greater than 18.3 cm and the small group was lesser than 18.0 cm. A positive correlation between chick length and chick weight was observed in all groups at the 0 day of age. Body length uniformity in day old chick was more important than body weight uniformity. Longer chicks exhibited better growth potential throughout the experiment. The feeding efficiency and survival rate of longer chicks were numerically greater compared to smaller chicks. There were no significant differences for subsequent growth parameters in feather colour groups. Consequently; length of day old chick can be used as important criteria for selection of higher quality chicks having better growth performance.
Levels of serum osteocalcin and some electrolytes in foal during the first six months of life (Brief Report)
Authors: Zumbo A. , Casella S. , Di Rosa A. , Scianò S. , Fazio F. , Piccione G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Bone is a dynamic tissue characterized by continuous bone formation and bone resorption. The transformation of the primordial part of the long bones (the cartilaginous matrix during the embryonal period) into the definitive bone (lamellar bone tissue) is completed after puberty. Osteocalcin, also called the vitamin k-dependent protein of bone and synthesized predominantly by osteoblasts and in lower way by odontoblasts, is incorporated into the extracellular matrix of bone (LEPAGE et al. 2001) and it may function as a useful indicator of the equine bone growth rate which decreases considerably with age. In particular, osteocalcin or bone Gla-protein is a small abundant non-collagenous calcium binding protein, indigenous to the organic matrix of bone dentin and possibly other mineralized tissue, which circulates in the blood (LEPAGE et al. 1991). It is accepted as a marker of osteoblast activity (RISTELI and RISTELI 1993) and plays a not yet defined role in the regulation of bone turnover (BOSKEY et al. 1998).
Weaning results of beef Hungarian Fleckvieh calves 2. Genetic parameters, breeding values
Authors: Bene S. , Füller I. , Fördős A. , Szabó F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight of Hungarian Fleckvieh calves (n=8 929, bulls =4 539, heifers =4 390) born from 232 sires between 1980 and 2003 were examined. Variance, covariance components and heritability values and correlation coefficients were estimated. The effect of the maternal permanent environment on genetic parameters and breeding values were examined. Two animal models were used for breeding value estimation. The direct heritability (hd2) of weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight was between 0.37 and 0.42. The maternal heritability (hm2) of these traits was 0.06 and 0.07. The direct-maternal correlations (rdm) were medium and negative −0.52 and −0.74. Contribution of the maternal heritability and maternal permanent environment to phenotype is smaller than that of direct heritabilities (hm2+c2< hd2). The ratio of the variance of maternal permanent environment in the phenotypic variance (c2) changed from 3 to 6 %. Estimated breeding values changed whether the permanent environmental effect of dam wasn’t taken into consideration but the rank of the animals was not modified. The genetic value for weaning results of Hungarian Fleckvieh population has increased since 1997.
The genetic variability of Hungarian Tsigai sheep
Authors: Kusza S. , Nagy I. , Németh T. , Molnár A. , Jávor A. , Kukovics S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Microsatellite analysis was used to estimate the genetic origin, differences, relationship within 10 Hungarian Tsigai populations. The number of alleles was 262 at the 16 examined locus. Fifteen population specific alleles were detected. The mean number of alleles detected per locus ranged from 4.3 (OarAE119) to 11.9 (MAF70). Genetic distance values were calculated from Nei’s minimum genetic distance (DA) formula. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using UPGMA algorithm. The results indicated that the genetic difference was negligible between the following populations pair-wise: two Hungarian indigenous populations (Kardoskút1-IN and Kardoskút2-IN); the Hungarian indigenous population Soltszentimre-IN and the Milking Tsigai population Akasztó-ZO; the Hungarian indigenous population Csanádpalota-IN and the transitional type population Makó-Rákos-TR. Microsatellite genotyping prooved to be efficient tool for examing the genetic relationships among Hungarian Tsigai populations.
Comparison of models for describing the lactation curve of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin sheep
Authors: Bilgin O. C. , Esenbuga N. , Davis M. E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to identify a suitable mathematical model for describing the lactation curve of Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin sheep breeds and to determine breed differences. Data on milk yield of 182 Awassi, 47 Morkaraman and 74 Tushin ewes were used. Eight empirical models from the literature were used to fit the standard lactation curves. Among them the Wood model (WD) appeared the most appropriate according to mean square prediction error (MSPE), coefficient of determination (R2), Durbin-Watson statistic (DW), and its applicability to the data for all three breeds. There were statistically significant (P<0.05) differences among Awassi, Morkaraman and Tushin breeds in accordance with a, b and c parameters and peak yield. The Awassi breed had the highest peak yield and the Morkaraman and Tushin breeds had statistically similar lower peak yields. There were no significant differences among the parameters of the WD model except for peak yield and peak time in accordance with parities. Breed and parity interaction was significant (P<0.05) only for peak yield.
Effect of temperament of ewes on their maternal ability and their lambs’ postweaning traits in Tsigai breed
Authors: Pajor F. , Murányi A. , Szentléleki A. , Tőzsér J. , Póti P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aims of present study were to investigate the relationship between temperament score and cortisol and lactic acid levels of blood, as well as the effect of temperament on the maternal ability traits (milk production, lamb preweaning gain) and the postweaning growth of lambs in Tsigai breed. The temperament of thirty-one Tsigai ewes was scored by the temperament score test (behaviour of animals was assessed in a 5-score system (1: calm, 5: nervous) while spending 30 s on the scale during weighing), in addition, the cortisol level and the lactic acid concentration of blood were measured at weaning. The weaning weight, temperament, cortisol concentration, the pre- and the postweaning weight gain of lambs were also investigated in this study. The cortisol level and lactic acid concentration were highly related to the temperament scores of ewes (rrank=0.79, P<0.001; rrank=0.53, P<0.01). The calmer ewes had a lower cortisol (1.79 nmol/l, P<0.001) and lactic acid (1.87 mmol/l, P<0.01) concentration compared to the results of nervous ewes (5.35 nmol/l, 3.11 mmol/l, resp.). It was statistically proven (P<0.01) that the calm ewes’ lambs had higher preweaning weight gain (244.0 g/day) and weaning weight (22.0 kg) than nervous animals (201.7 g/day, 18.1 kg). In addition, the calm ewes milked by hand produced more milk (52.4 l, P<0.05) than nervous ewes (46.1 l) in the milking period. Furthermore, the calm ewes’ lambs had lower temperament score and cortisol concentration and better fattening performance than lambs were originated from nervous ewes.
Schlachtwert und Fleischqualität von Lämmern der Schafrasse Skudden
Authors: Brzostowski H. , Milewski S. , Tański Z.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Slaughter value and meat quality of Skudde lambs The investigations were conducted on 100-day-old lambs of the Skudde breed and were aimed at determining the slaughter value of lambs and quality of their meat. The slaughter value was evaluated based on: body weight before slaughter, dressing percentage, loin »eye« area, perinephric fat content, contribution of valuable cuts in the carcass (leg, loin, steak) and tissue composition of legs. In turn, meat quality was assessed based on samples collected from the muscle of the thigh (M. quadriceps femoris) and included: dry matter, total protein, crude fat, crude ash, pH after 24 h, water/protein index, energy value, water holding capacity, colour brightness, muscle fibre diameter, levels of cholesterol, vitamin A and E, protein amino acid profile, fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, as well as sensory attributes, namely: aroma, taste, juiciness and tenderness. Analyses conducted in the study demonstrated that the slaughter value of the lambs was at a relatively good level. A low body weight before slaughter (12.56 kg) was compensated for by very low adiposity of carcasses and by a favourable tissue composition of legs, i.e. 76.38 % of meat, 5.68 % of fat and 17.94 % of bones. Dressing percentage accounted for 44.03 %, and the percentage of primal cuts in the half-carcass was 38.77 %. Meat of the 100-day-old Skudde lambs was found to be of high quality. It was characterized by dark colour and specific sensory attributes, which makes it comparable to game meat. Low contents of fat – 1.56 % and cholesterol – 34.47 mg/100g, a high concentration of vitamin A – 5.25 μg/g as well as a favourable fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat indicate high health-promoting values of that meat. In addition, the finefibrous structure of muscles (fibre diameter of 17.24 μm) suggests that the meat is light and easy digestible. The results obtained in the study substantiate the advisability of a wider application of this breed for meat production purposes.
Relationship between age at first start and racing performance in Polish Thoroughbreds and Arab horses
Authors: Sobczynska M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic and phenotypic parameters for age at first start (AFS) and performance traits were estimated for Polish Thoroughbred and Arab horses using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with an animal model. The traits representing a horse’s racing performance were log of earnings (EA) and square root of number of starts (NS). Separate analyses per first racing season and whole career were carried out. The first racing season comprised 1 759 Thoroughbreds and 1 026 Arab horses. The racing results of whole racing career were available for 1 319 Thoroughbreds and 815 Arab horses. The model accounted for fixed effects of birth year, month of birth, sex and trainer. The average of AFS of Thoroughbreds was 933.2 days for first racing season and 935.1 for whole career. The same AFS was observed at first season and whole career (about 1 199 days) in Arab horses. Heritability estimates for AFS were rather low (0.15-0.21) . All genetic correlations for Arab horses between age and performance traits varied from moderate to high (from −0.25 to −0.85). For whole career of Thoroughbreds, the genetic correlations had opposite signs compared to those observed in Arabs. Genetic correlation between AFS and EA in first racing season was very low in Thoroughbreds (−0.07), whereas high between AFS and NS (−1); the corresponding values for Arab horses were −0.25 and −0.76. The opposite signs of phenotypic and genetic correlations (0.16 vs −1 and −0.24 vs 1 in first season and whole career, respectively) between AFS and NS in Thoroughbreds were observed. Phenotypic correlations between AFS and performance traits were close to zero for whole career while were rather low and moderate (−0.22 and −0.37) for first season in Arab horses. Delay of the first start of Thoroughbreds is favourable from the point of view of future racing performance in whole career and has no effect on earnings in the first racing season. Arab horses beginning their career at a young age are start frequently and earn more money then those beginning their career later.
Changes in teat parameters caused by milking and their recovery to their initial size
Authors: Stádník L. , Louda F. , Bezdíček J. , Ježková A. , Rákos M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Dairy cows of 2 breeds, 74 Holstein (H) and 72 Czech Fleckvieh (C) cows in the 1st (H, n=38; C, n=38) and 2nd lactation (H, n=36; C, n=34) during the 1st period (n=74; H, n=40; C, n=34; to 150 days) and the 2nd period of lactation (n=72; H, n=34; C, n=38; above 150 days) were observed. Differences in external and internal proportions of teat closely before (the 1st measurement), immediately after (the 2nd measurement) and 3 h after milking (the 3rd measurement), udder conformation evaluated by linear description, somatic cell count, daily milk yield and the time of milking were evaluated in relation to the effect of breed and period of lactation. The length of the teat canal, area of the teat end, and wall thickness were measured from the axial picture recorded by ultrasound Aloka SSD500 (Aloka Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Significant interbreed differences were detected in external as well as internal teat proportions (P<0.05–0.001). Relative changes of teat diameter, comparing C and H cows, differed significantly between the 1st and the 3rd measurement (P<0.05). The length of teat increased during milking and didn´t achieve the beginning size during 3 h after milking. Significant diiference in the length of teat between the 2nd measurement and the 3rd measurement was determined in H cows only (P<0.001). The most significant changes of the length of the teat canal and the area of teat were found in both breeds between values measured closely before and immediately after milking (P<0.5–0.001). Wall thickness was strengthen in C cows (+15.6 %) during the 2nd measurement according to the 1st (P<0.05), while difference represented +18 % (P<0.001) in H cows. Non-significantly higher values of external proportions of teat were measured in the 2nd period of lactation except diameter of teat closely before milking. Internal proportions of teat were always significantly higher in the 2nd period of lactation in relation to the 1st period. Prolongation of teat canal by 0.15 cm (P<0.01) closely before, by 0.16 cm (P<0.001) immediately after, and by 0.13 cm (P<0.01) 3 h after milking was measured in the 2nd period of lactation. The area of teat end measured before milking was significantly larger in the 2nd period of lactation (P<0.01).
Vitamins C and E affect plasma metabolites and production performance of layer chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) under condition of high ambient temperature and humidity
Authors: Ajakaiye J. J. , Perez-Bello A. , Cuesta-Mazorra M. , Polanco Expósito G. , Mollineda-Trujillo Á.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E on some plasma metabolites and production performance of layer chickens reared under hot tropical climate. 720 White Leghorn (L33) layer chickens and 39 weeks old were divided into four groups of 180 birds. One group was fed with basal diet (control) and treatment groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin C/kg of diet, 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of diet, while the last group was supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin C/kg of diet plus 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of diet. Separately or as a combination, supplemental vitamin C and E decreased plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and creatine phosphokinase (P<0.001) compared to control. There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of supplemental vitamin C and E on plasma metabolites of alanine phosphatase and aspartate transaminase. The single supplementation of vitamin E and its combination with vitamin C considerably increased the plasma metabolite of protein (P<0.01). Egg/bird were significantly (P<0.05) higher in all treatment groups compared to control, but P value was highest in vitamin E treated group. The laying index showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in all treatment groups compared to control. Similarly, feed consumption and conversion were significantly (P<0.05) different in treatment groups compared to control. It is concluded that supplementation of vitamins C and E maintained the stability of some plasma metabolites concentration, thereby, sustained production performance and facilitated adaptation of chicken to stressful hot-humid condition.
Different estimations of heritabilities in dependence of major gene effects (Brief Report)
Authors: Buske B. , Gengler N.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Knowledge of major gene effects for quantitative traits (e.g. milk performance traits) and the consequent selection of animals with desirable genotypes can accelerate breeding progress and can therefore equal large gain in profits. It is generally accepted that in most cases, the total breeding value for quantitative traits of any animal can be divided in one or some major gene effects and a pure random polygenic component, in which the latter results from a finite number of remaining loci (FERNANDO et al. 1994). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate, how the estimation of heritability is influenced by the application of two different models, one of them containing a major single gene effect. The myostatin gene (MSTN) was chosen because the knowledge of this gene effect is used for selection decisions in the Dual Purpose Belgian Blue Breed (DP-BBB) in the Walloon Region of Belgium.
Population structure of Czech cold-blooded breeds of horses
Authors: Vostrý L. , Čapková Z. , Přibyl J. , Hofmanová B. , Vostrá Vydrová H. , Mach K
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In order to estimate effective population size, generation interval and the development of inbreeding coefficients (Fx) in three original breeds of cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic: Silesian Noriker (SN), Noriker (N) and Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (CMB) all animals of the particular breeds born from 1990 to 2007 were analysed. The average values of generation interval between parents and their offspring were: 8.53 in SN, 8.88 in N and 8.56 in CMB. Average values of effective population size were estimated to be: 86.3 in SN, 162.3 in N and 104.4 in CMB. The average values of inbreeding coefficient were 3.13 % in SN stallions and 3.39 % in SN mares, in the N breed 1.76 % and 1.26 % and in the CMB breed 3.84 % and 3.26 % respectively. Overall averages of Fx were: 3.23 %, 1.51 % and 3.55 % for the breeds SN, N and CMB. The average value of inbreeding coefficient Fx increased by 1.22 % in SN, by 0.35 % in N and by 1.01 % in CMB, respectively. This may lead to a reduction in genetic variability. Reduction in genetic variability could be either controlled in cooperation with corresponding populations of cold-blooded breeds in other European countries or controlled by number of sires used in population
Effect of day length and exogenous melatonin on chemical composition of sheep milk
Authors: Molik E. , Bonczar G. , Żebrowska A. , Misztal T. , Pustkowiak H. , Zięba D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Changes in day length are a major factor in the productivity of farm animals showing reproductive seasonality. Parameters of milk production in sheep and goats are dependent on melatonin and prolactin concentrations. Changes in the prolactin secretion in lactating sheep have an effect on the amount of milk produced, synthesis of milk proteins, fat and immunoglobulins (i.e. milk composition). In the end the quality and commercial value of milk is determined as well. The aim of this study was therefore to find out the effect of day length and exogenous melatonin on the chemical composition of milk and the level of fatty acids. Subjects were 60 Polish Longwool Sheep. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups, Group I (n=20) – ewes raised under natural day length; Group II (n=20) ewes raised under natural day length and were implanted with melatonin; Group III (n=20) – ewes exposed to an artificially short photoperiod (16D:8L). Sheep were milked twice daily using the Alfa Laval Agri milking machine. Composite milk samples were collected every 28 days to determine chemical composition and fatty acid content. The results obtained showed that the administration of exogenous melatonin and the simulation of a short-day photoperiod during the summer period had significant effects on the milk levels of solids, protein, fat and lactose, and on the fatty acid content of sheep milk.
Response to family selection and genetic parameters in Japanese quail selected for four week breast weight
Authors: Khaldari M. , Yeganeh H. M. , Pakdel A. , Javaremi A. N. , Berg P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term selection for 4 week breast weight (4wk BRW), and to estimate genetic parameters of body weight, and carcass traits. A selection (S) line and control (C) line was randomly selected from a base population. Data were collected over two consecutive hatches for four generations. A total of 1 135 records from 156 sires and 218 dams were used to estimate the genetic parameters. The genetic improvement of 4wk BRW was 3.5, 2.7 and 0.6 g in generation 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The estimated heritability by using pedigree information was 0.35±0.06. There were a significant difference for BW, and carcass weights but not for carcass percent components between lines (P<0.01). The heritabilities and correlated responses for body weight (BW), carcass and leg weights were 0.46, 0.41 and 0.47, and 13.2, 16.2, 4.4 %, respectively. The genetic correlations of BRW with BW, carcass, leg, and back weights were 0.85, 0.88 and 0.72, respectively. Selection for 4 wk BRW improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) about 0.19 units over the selection period. Inbreeding caused an insignificant decline of the mean of some traits. Results from this experiment suggest that BW as a genetically correlated trait can be used to improve BRW.
Examinations on the relationship between claw health and the assessment of housing conditions based on a welfare index and critical checkpoints
Authors: Heinz S. , Kanswohl N. , Römer A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the herd status for claw health and herd parameters. Herd parameters were derived from an assessment of the housing conditions and were based on a welfare index and critical checkpoints. Data has been collected on four conventional large dairy farms in northeast Germany. All farms have free-stall systems with cubicles offering a lying area. During the period from 2005 to 2008 on each farm claw disorders were recorded at time of regular hoof trimming, i.e. two or three times a year. Data was augmented by data on veterinary treatments of feet and legs. The Data comprises 18 119 observations of 3 690 cows. Housing conditions were assessed in the year 2008. The results show that a consequent and determined management of herd health is necessary to substantially improve the status of claw health. Housing and management confirming the rules of animal welfare will contribute to the well-being of dairy cows.
Selection of a mathematical model to describe the lactation curves of Jersey cattle
Authors: Cankaya S. , Unalan A. , Soydan E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The extent of the usefulness of a lactation model depends on how well it succeeds in imitating the biological lactation process and how well it adjust for environmental and other factors that could influence production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare five different lactation curve models (Wood, Cobby and Le Du, Wilmink, Exponential and Parabolic Exponential model), and to find the best model that provided a good description of the lactation curve of Jersey cattle herd. Data used in this study were the first to seventh lactation official milk yield records from monthly recording of 3 630 lactations between 1984 and 2008 in the farm. The results showed that Wood model which has minimum residual standard deviation (3.562), maximum adjusted R2 value (91.6 %) and maximum persistency value (93.3 %) performed the best fit to the data and allowed a suitable description of the lactation curve. It was concluded that the Wood model provided accurate estimates of milk yield for all lactation numbers because this model was found to be more superior to the other models. Consequently, the usage of Wood model would provide some useful information on genetic improvement of the Jersey breed under pasture-based dry seasonal production systems.
Boar semen quality of the Přeštice black-pied breed (Short Communication)
Authors: Frydrychová S. , Lustyková A. , Lipenský J. , Rozkot M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to examine semen quality parameters for the Přeštice black-pied breed over a test period of 8 years while considering the potential effects of collection month and boar age. Ninety-nine ejaculates were collected using the gloved-hand technique from healthy and fertile mature boars from selected farms. Ejaculate volumes were relatively low because the boars were accustomed to natural mating. Sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (MAS), and sperm motility after 24 h of storage in Androhep extender (dilution rate 1:1.5) were assessed. Significant differences were found in sperm concentration and MAS rate in relation to collection months and boar age in the monitored years (P<0.05). A tendency for MAS to increase with monitored years was observed. Significant differences in sperm motility and motility after 24 h of storage were only observed in relation to collection months (P<0.05). Results of this study detected effects due to collection month and boar age on boar semen quality during the monitored years.
Genetic evaluations of traits recorded in British young horse tests
Authors: Stewart I. D. , Woolliams J. A. , Brotherstone S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tests for young sport horses were recently introduced in Great Britain. This study characterises the young horse data, examines their suitability for genetic analysis and estimates the genetic parameters needed for breeding value prediction. Evaluation data from 2006–2009 were used. This included 1 887 evaluations of 1 323 horses, which were evaluated for competing in dressage, show jumping, eventing, endurance or as sport ponies. Traits assessed were conformation, correctness of paces, type and temperament, athleticism and veterinary. The distributions of traits were examined and correlations of traits between disciplines, for the effect of the horse, were estimated. These indicated that traits could be assumed to be genetically identical across disciplines. Variance components were estimated for each of the 5 traits, using an animal model, where random effects were the genetic effect of the horse and the permanent environment of the horse. Bivariate analyses were performed between pairs of traits. Mean scores for each trait in each discipline were between 8.02 and 8.24, and standard deviations were between 0.54 and 0.83. Heritabilities ranged between 20.3 % for athleticism and 42.2 % for type and temperament. The variance due to the horse’s permanent environment ranged from approximately 25 % for correctness of paces and athleticism to 51.6 % for veterinary. The genetic correlations between traits were generally high. The young horse tests (»Futurity«) recently introduced in the UK are a valuable data source for genetic evaluations. The most appropriate measure will be to combine young horse data with adult competition data to routinely estimate breeding values.