bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stress relaxation in molecular self-assembly
Authors: Menou Lucas , Castelnovo Martin
Published: July 2019

We propose in this work a quantitative mechanism for the phenomenon of molecular self-assembly on a curved substrate, which leads to the spontaneous inclusion of topological defects in the growing bidimensional crystal, by using standard thin shell elasticity.
Rational design of a new chalcogenide with good infrared nonlinear optical performance: SrZnSnS4
Authors: Zhang Yiling , Mei Dajiang , Yang Yi , Cao Wangzhu , Wu Yuandong , Lu Jie , Lin Zheshuai
Published: July 2019

The new nonlinear optical material SrZnSnS4 is a two-dimensional layer structure with a large band gap (3.37 eV). The orderly arrangement of [ZnS4]6− and [SnS4]4− groups mainly contribute to the second harmonic generation effect (∼LiGaS2).
Protective effects of oxymatrine against DSS-induced acute intestinal inflammation in mice via blocking the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yifan , Shou Zhexing , Fan Heng , Xu Meng , Chen Qianyun , Tang Qing , Liu Xingxing , Wu Hui , Zhang Man , Yu Ting , Deng Shuangjiao , Liu Yujin
Published: July 2019

Oxymatrine (OMT) is an important quinoxaline alkaloid that has a wide range of pharmacological effects and has been shown to alleviate ulcerative colitis due to its profound anti-inflammatory effects. The RhoA/ROCK (Rho kinase) signaling pathway has been shown to be related to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases; however, the specific mechanisms of RhoA/ROCK signaling in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain elusive. Therefore, we sought to determine whether OMT could ameliorate acute intestinal inflammation by targeting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. The potential therapeutic effect of OMT on acute intestinal inflammation and its impact on the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway were assessed in six groups of mice treated with low, medium and high doses of OMT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively), and an inhibitor of ROCK, Y-27632, as a positive control, after initiating dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute intestinal inflammation. The model group and normal group were injected intraperitoneally with equal doses of PBS. Our results showed that OMT treatment could protect the integrity of the epithelial barrier, relieve oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, restrain the differentiation of Th17 cells and promote the differentiation of Treg cells via inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway, thus providing therapeutic benefits for ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway might be a new approach that can be used in UC therapy, which deserves to be investigated further.
Complete mitochondrial genomes confirm the generic placement of the plateau vole,Neodon fuscus
Authors: Li Jian-Qiu , Li Li , Fu Bao-Quan , Yan Hong-Bin , Jia Wan-Zhong
Published: July 2019

The plateau vole, Neodon fuscus is endemic to China and is distributed mainly in Qinghai Province. It is of public health interest, as it is, a potential reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii and the intermediate host of Echinococcus multilocularis. However, genetic data of this species are lacking, and its name and taxonomy are still a controversy. In the present study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of N. fuscus and analyzed its evolutionary relationship. The mitogenome was 16328 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 genes for transfer RNAs (tRNA), two ribosomal RNA genes and two major noncoding regions (OL region and D-loop region). Most genes were located on the heavy strand. All tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf structures except for tRNASer (GCU). The mt genome of N. fuscus was rich in A+T (58.45%). Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods yielded phylogenetic trees from 33 mt genomes of Arvicolinae, in which N. fuscus formed a sister group with Neodon irene and Neodon sikimensis to the exclusion of species of Microtus and other members of the Arvicolinae. Further phylogenetic analyses (ML only) based on the cytb gene sequences also demonstrated that N. fuscus had a close relationship with N. irene. The complete mitochondrial genome was successfully assembled and annotated, providing the necessary information for the phylogenetic analyses. Although the name Lasiopodomys fuscus was used in the book ‘Wilson & Reeder’s Mammal Species of the World’, we have confirmed here that its appropriate name is N. fuscus through an analysis of the evolutionary relationships.
Cardiovascular risk of sitagliptin in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zeng De-kang , Xiao Qian , Li Fa-qi , Tang Yu-zhi , Jia Chao-li , Tang Xue-wen
Published: July 2019

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a very high risk of cardiovascular related events, and reducing complications is an important evaluation criterion of efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic drugs. Previous studies have shown that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (DPP4i), such as sitagliptin, might reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin remains controversial, especially the safety for cardiovascular related events. Here, a systematic review was conducted to assess the cardiovascular safety of sitagliptin in T2DM patients. The literature research dating up to October 2018 was performed in the electronic database. The clinical trials about sitagliptin for T2DM patients were included. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the MACE, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Finally, 32 clinical trials composed of 16082 T2DM patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that: there was no significant difference between sitagliptin group and the control group on MACE (odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.63–1.15), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.38–1.16), stroke (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.44–1.54) and mortality (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.26–1.07). These results demonstrated that sitagliptin did not increase the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.
Overexpression of long non-coding RNA LINC00982 suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma through PI3K-ATK signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Debin , Yu Jichun , Zhuang Shimin , Zhang Shuyong , Hong Zhengdong , Yuan Chunlei
Published: July 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported that involved in human cancers, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The present study aims to investigate the biological role of LINC00982 in PTC. The mRNA expression of LINC00982 in human PTC tissues was detected using qPCR. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier method was performed to analyze the internal relevance between LINC00982 expression and overall survival (OS) rate of patients with PTC. In addition, gain- and loss-of-functions assays were performed to detect the effects of LINC00982 on the cell proliferation and migration in PTC cells. Furthermore, western blot assay was used to measure the alteration expression levels of apoptosis relative proteins and the relative protein involved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Finally, a xenograft model was used to analyze the antitumor role of LINC00982 in vivo. Here, we found that LINC00982 was decreased in human PTC tissues. Patients with decreased LINC00982 expression levels had a reduced OS (P=0.0019) compared with those with high LINC00982 expression levels. Overexpression of LINC00982 suppressed the proliferation and migration of BHT101 and B-CPAP cells and promoted cell apoptosis. Knockdown of LINC00982 promoted the proliferation and migration of BHT101 and B-CPAP cells and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, in vivo assay showed that overexpression of LINC00982 could suppress the growth of PTC. Finally, LINC00982 could regulate the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that overexpression of LINC00982 could suppress cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in PTC.
The pathogenic role of connective tissue growth factor in osteoarthritis
Authors: Tu Min , Yao Yao , Qiao Feng Hua , Wang Li
Published: July 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is found to be up-regulated in adjacent areas of cartilage surface damage. CTGF is present in osteophytes of late stage OA. In the present study, we have reviewed association of CTGF in the development and progression of OA and the potential effects of CTGF as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA. We have reviewed the recent articles on CTGF and OA in databases like PubMed, google scholar, and SCOPUS and collected the information for the articles. CTGF is usually up-regulated in synovial fluid of OA that stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. CTGF also activates nuclear factor-κB, increases the production of chemokines and cytokines, and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) that in turn leads to the reduction in proteoglycan contents in joint cartilage. Consequently, cartilage homeostasis is imbalanced that might contribute to the pathogenesis of OA by developing synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation. CTGF might serve as a useful biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of OA, and recent studies have taken attempt to use CTGF as therapeutic target of OA. However, more investigations with clinical trials are necessary to validate the possibility of use of CTGF as a biomarker in OA diagnosis and therapeutic target for OA treatment.
Transplant surgical templates for dental autotransplantation: a technical note
Authors: Tavennec Louise , Chataigner Pierre-Alexandre , Sorel Olivier , Fau Victor
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This technical note presents the autotransplantation of an impacted third molar to replace a severely damaged homolateral molar using a surgical template of the tooth to be transplanted to prepare the recipient site based on an original protocol. Technique: Mandibular molar extraction is first performed, and autotransplantation is done after 7 days. Alveolar adjustment of the receiving socket is done using a resin replica of the tooth to be transplanted; the replica is obtained using DICOM diagnosis data. The three-dimensional (3D) replica is produced using 3D printing techniques with photopolymerizable methacrylate resin. Once the recipient site is ready, the transplant is avulsed. Immediate positioning of the tooth in the new socket will save a tremendous amount of extra-alveolar time. Cross-stitch sutures are done to obtain complete restraint, and endodontic treatment is administered after 15 days. Postoperative clinical and radiographic examination showed periodontal healing after postoperative 6 months. Comments: The use of the surgical template resulted in an extra-alveolar time of below 5 s and preservation of healthy periodontal ligament cells of the donor tooth as much as possible. Conclusion: The 3D technology, from imaging to printing, can drive the improvement of prognosis in a tooth autotransplantation protocol.
A magnetodisc model service for planetary space weather studies
Authors: Achilleos Nicholas , Guio Patrick , André Nicolas , Sorba Arianna M.
Published: July 2019

Theoretical models play an important role in the Planetary Space Weather Services (PSWS) of the European Planetary Network (“Europlanet”), due to their ability to predict the physical response of magnetospheric environments to compressions or rarefactions in the upstream solar wind flow. We illustrate this aspect by presenting examples of some calculations done with the UCL Magnetodisc Model in both “Jupiter” and “Saturn” mode. Similar model outputs can now be provided via the PSWS MAGNETODISC service. For each planet’s space environment, we present example model outputs showing the effect of compressions and rarefactions on the global magnetic field, plasma pressure and azimuthal current density. As a simple illustration of the physics underlying these reference models, we quantify solar wind effects by comparing the “compressed” and “expanded” outputs to a nominal “average-state” model, reflecting more typical solar wind dynamic pressures. We also describe the implementation of the corresponding PSWS MAGNETODISC Service, through which similar outputs may be obtained by potential users.
Die Endoprothetik am oberen Sprunggelenk – Der aktuelle Stand
Authors: Hoffmann Tobias , Henniger Martina , Rehart Stefan
Published: July 2019

Nach schlechten Ergebnissen der ersten Prothesenmodelle in den 1970/-80er-Jahren mit kurzen Standzeiten und hohen Revisionsraten sind die aktuellen Langzeitergebnisse verschiedener Prothesentypen vielversprechend. Durch verbessertes Design und Implantationsmethoden erlauben „moderne“ Prothesen weitgehend physiologische Bewegungen, bei längeren Standzeiten. Mit im Mittel 20°–30° radiologisch gemessener Gesamtbewegung erreichen die sogenannten „Drei-Komponenten-Prothesen“ die für den normalen Gang notwendige Bewegungsbreite.

Aktuelle Diskussionen in der Literatur beziehen sich u. a. auf das Patientenalter als Einflussfaktor auf das Outcome. Aufgrund der verbesserten Revisionsoptionen und einer aktuell guten

Studienlage dazu wird vielfach empfohlen, den Gelenkersatz des oberen Sprunggelenks auch bei jüngeren Patienten als Therapieoption zu berücksichtigen. In der Literatur werden unabhängig vom Prothesenmodell übereinstimmende Standzeiten von 78–94 % im 5-Jahres-Follow-up beschrieben. Untersuchungen mit größeren Fallzahlen und einer längeren Beobachtungszeit stehen noch aus.

Trotz verbesserten Prothesendesigns sind die klinischen Ergebnisse der OSG-TEPs noch längst nicht so zufriedenstellend, wie die der Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik. Hervorgehoben wird einheitlich, dass eine der Schwierigkeiten besonders in der sehr flachen Lernkurve liegt. In Deutschland werden jährlich insgesamt nur ca. 2000 Prothesen implantiert. Daher sollte ein entsprechender Eingriff Zentren vorbehalten bleiben, die höhere Fallzahlen versorgen.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils in the Family Lauraceae: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Damasceno Carolina Sette Barbosa , Fabri Higaki Natasha Tiemi , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Miguel Obdulio Gomes
Published: July 2019

The Lauraceae family is predominantly found in Asia and in the rainforests of the Americas, and consists mostly of aromatic trees. Being an essential oil producer, this family is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This work presents a systematic review of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils from the Lauraceae family. Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were employed to identify articles published between 2000 and 2018, using “Lauraceae”, “essential oil”, and “biological activity” as key words. From 177 studies identified, 53 met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated a predominance of the compounds β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole in Lauraceae species, and highlighted the antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Essential oils extracted from this family thus have high potential for pharmacological applications.
Halimium halimifolium: From the Chemical and Functional Characterization to a Nutraceutical Ingredient Design
Authors: Kerbab Khawla , Sansone Francesca , Zaiter Lahcene , Esposito Tiziana , Celano Rita , Franceschelli Silvia , Pecoraro Michela , Benayache Fadila , Rastrelli Luca , Picerno Patrizia , Aquino Rita P. , Mencherini Teresa
Published: July 2019

Halimium halimifolium (Hh) is a shrub used in Algerian folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal pain. An UHPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn method was developed to identify the metabolic profile of the traditionally used infusion (Hh-A) from the aerial parts. The structures of flavanols were confirmed by NMR analysis after the isolation procedure from a hydrohalcolic extract (Hh-B) that also allowed for the identification of phenolic acids, an aryl butanol glucoside, and different derivatives of quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. Tiliroside isomers were the chemical markers of Hh-A and Hh-B (54.33 and 36.00 mg/g, respectively). Hh-A showed a significant scavenging activity both against the radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (EC50 = 10.49 µg/mL and TEAC value = 1.98 mM Trolox/mg infusion) and the lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species release in A375 and HeLa cells. Moreover, the antihyperglycemic properties, by inhibiting the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes (IC50 = 0.82 mg/mL and 25.01 µg/mL, respectively), were demonstrated. To upgrade the therapeutic effect, a microencapsulation process is proposed as a strategy to optimize stability, handling, and delivery of bioactive components, avoiding the degradation and loss of the biological efficacy after oral intake. Hh-loaded microparticles were designed using cellulose acetate phthalate as the enteric coating material and spray drying as a production process. The results showed a satisfactory process yield (67.9%), encapsulation efficiency (96.7%), and micrometric characteristics of microparticles (laser-scattering, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy). In vitro dissolution studies (USPII-pH change method) showed that Hh-loaded microparticles are able to prevent the release and degradation of the bioactive components in the gastric tract, releasing them into the intestinal environment.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles: A Complete Survey (2013–2018)
Authors: Mittal Rupali , Awasthi Satish K.
Published: July 2019

Tetrazoles are synthetic organic heterocyclic compounds comprising of high nitrogen content among stable heterocycles. Tetrazoles, chiefly 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles have been used as a bioisosteric replacement for carboxylic acids in medicinal chemistry. Various clinical drugs, including losartan, cefazolin, and alfentanil, contain the tetrazole moiety. There have been significant developments in the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. Researchers are still working to develop more efficient and ecofriendly methods for their synthesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent advancements in the field of synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.

1 Introduction

2 The Role of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry

3 Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles

3.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts

3.3 Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts

3.4 Miscellaneous Methods

4 Sartans: A Class of Tetrazole-Based Commercial Drugs

5 Conclusions
Distribution probability of force for a physical system of N random particles
Authors: Figueiredo A. D. , da Rocha Filho T. M. , Amato M. A.
Published: July 2019

The present paper attempts to address a discussion on mathematical grounds of a model to associate the generalized version of the central limit theorem and the N-body problem related to the calculation of the force on a single star or particle due to the N − 1 stars or particles whenever they are randomly distributed in the space and N → ∞. We calculate the resultant force on a test particle immersed in an N-particle system under a 1/rδ force (δ > 0) and discuss the limit force under different approaches referred to as the Vlasov limit and the fluctuation limit. Also, one shows the behavior of the limit force in different domains for the Lévy exponent (α).
Structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of collinear antiferromagnetic heteroepitaxy cubic Mn3Ga thin films
Authors: Bang Hyun-Woo , Yoo Woosuk , Kim Chungman , Lee Sunghun , Gu Jiyeong , Park Yunchang , Lee Kyujoon , Jung Myung-Hwa
Published: July 2019

We report the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of antiferromagnetic cubic Mn3Ga thin films, in comparison with ferrimagnetic tetragonal Mn3Ga. The structural analyses reveal that cubic Mn3Ga is heteroepitaxially grown on a MgO substrate with a disordered Cu3Au-type cubic structure, which transforms to tetragonal Mn3Ga as the RF sputtering power increases. In cubic Mn3Ga, the Mn moments aligned ferromagnetically in layers are stacked antiferromagnetically between layers, compared to the theoretical prediction. The magnetic and magnetotransport data show the antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 400 K for cubic Mn3Ga and the ferrimagnetic transition at TC = 820 K for tetragonal Mn3Ga. Furthermore, we find that the antiferromagnetic cubic Mn3Ga exhibits a higher electrical resistivity than the ferrimagnetic tetragonal Mn3Ga, which can be understood by the spin-dependent scattering mechanism.
Surface kinetics analysis by direct area measurement: Laser assisted dehydration of α-FeOOH
Authors: Sendova Mariana
Published: July 2019

A novel method for surface kinetics analysis based solely on quantitative image analysis technique is proposed, and implemented for evaluating the activation energy, 110 (10) meV, of laser assisted dehydration of goethite. Millisecond radiative heat transfer via 785 nm laser beam, allowed us to elucidate a transient surface dehydration below 200 °C. In addition, the proposed method evaluates the laser threshold Irradiance - 1.2(1) μW/μm2 and its temperature dependence. The complementary contributions of radiative (transient) and conductive (equilibrium) heat transfer to the sample provides viable physical elucidation of the observed phenomenon - dehydrated spot surface area, variations with the laser power and the equilibrium temperature. The method allows effectively to isolate and study surface process and can be efficiently applied for any pulse laser assisted surface transformation, when the initial and final products have visual contrast.
Bloch surface wave ring resonator based on porous silicon
Authors: Rodriguez G. A. , Aurelio D. , Liscidini M. , Weiss S. M.
Published: July 2019

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate confined modes in a Bloch surface wave (BSW) ring resonator. We fabricate and characterize a ring resonator with a radius R = 105 μm on a truncated periodic porous silicon multilayer. We show resonant modes around 1.5 μm with quality factors exceeding 103. These results suggest that this platform is promising to develop integrated optical resonators based on BSWs.
Spin-current diode with a monoaxial chiral magnet
Authors: Okumura Shun , Ishizuka Hiroaki , Kato Yasuyuki , Ohe Jun-ichiro , Motome Yukitoshi
Published: July 2019

Monoaxial chiral magnets exhibit a chiral conical magnetic state in a magnetic field parallel to the chiral axis. The conical spins carry the potential for nonreciprocal transport phenomena, as they break both spatial inversion and time reversal symmetries. Here, we study the spin-dependent transport in the chiral conical magnetic state, using the Landauer method based on Green's functions for a one-dimensional Kondo lattice model. We show that the system exhibits nonreciprocal spin transport, which depends on the chirality, period, cone angle, and polarization of the spin current. In particular, we find the distinct cone angle dependence between the spin textures with long and short periods. We also show that the nonreciprocity is related to the spin states of itinerant electrons near the leads. Our results indicate that the chiral cone acts as a spin-current diode, which can be flexibly controlled by a magnetic field.
Quantum transport in high-quality shallow InSb quantum wells
Authors: Lei Zijin , Lehner Christian A. , Cheah Erik , Karalic Matija , Mittag Christopher , Alt Luca , Scharnetzky Jan , Wegscheider Werner , Ihn Thomas , Ensslin Klaus
Published: July 2019

InSb is one of the promising candidates to realize a topological state through proximity induced superconductivity in a material with strong spin–orbit interactions. In two-dimensional systems, thin barriers are needed to allow strong coupling between superconductors and semiconductors. However, it is still challenging to obtain a high-quality InSb two-dimensional electron gas in quantum wells close to the surface. Here, we report on a molecular beam epitaxy grown heterostructure of InSb quantum wells with substrate-side Si-doping and ultrathin InAlSb (5 nm, 25 nm, and 50 nm) barriers to the surface. We demonstrate that the carrier densities in these quantum wells are gate-tunable and electron mobilities up to 350 000 cm2(V s)−1 are obtained from magnetotransport measurements. Furthermore, from temperature-dependent magnetoresistance measurements, we obtain an effective mass of 0.02 m0 and find Zeeman splitting compatible with the expected band edge g-factor.
Atomistic simulations of shock compression of single crystal and core-shell Cu@Ni nanoporous metals
Authors: Neogi Anupam , He Lijie , Abdolrahim Niaz
Published: July 2019

We have performed systematic molecular dynamics simulations to study the deformation behavior of a single crystal structure and a core-shell Cu@Ni nanoporous (NP) structure under shock loading for a wide range of shock intensities. Our results suggest that the core-shell structure exhibits less volume compression than the single crystal NP structure by virtue of its enhanced mechanical strength and associated interfacial strain-hardening under shock loading. The core-shell NP structure also demonstrates an increased shock-energy absorption efficiency of around 10.5% larger than the single crystal NP structure because of its additional Cu/Ni interface. The mechanisms of shock-induced deformation are observed to vary greatly with shock intensity. Pores are observed to collapse partially in both NP structures at very low shock intensity, up≤0.15 km/s. Complete collapsing of the pores through plastic deformation followed by direct crushing and formation of internal jetting and hot-spot have been observed at higher shock intensities. The evolution of microstructure and the underlying mechanisms operating at different shock intensity regimes have been investigated in this article. At a shock pressure of ∼6.05 GPa, i.e., up=0.75 km/s, the shock-induced deformed microstructure of both NP structures recovered through dynamic recrystallization. The postshock dynamic recrystallization has been observed to be mediated through rapid relaxation of shear stress followed by atomic rearrangements.
Thermal expansion coefficients of high thermal conducting BAs and BP materials
Authors: Li Sheng , Taddei Keith M. , Wang Xiqu , Wu Hanlin , Neuefeind Jörg , Zackaria Davis , Liu Xiaoyuan , Dela Cruz Clarina , Lv Bing
Published: July 2019

Recently reported very high thermal conductivities in cubic boron arsenide (BAs) and boron phosphide (BP) crystals could potentially provide a revolutionary solution in the thermal management of high power density devices. To fully facilitate such an application, the compatible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the heat spreader and the device substrate, in order to minimize the thermal stress, needs to be considered. Here, we report our experimental CTE studies of BAs and BP in the temperature range from 100 K to 1150 K, through a combination of X-ray single crystal diffraction and neutron powder diffraction. We demonstrated that the room temperature CTEs, 3.6 ± 0.15 × 10−6/K for BAs and 3.2 ± 0.2 × 10−6/K for BP, are more compatible with most of the semiconductors including Si and GaAs, in comparison with diamond, and thus could be better candidates for the future heat spreader materials in power electronic devices.
Neutron-rich matter in heaven and on Earth
Authors: Piekarewicz Jorge , Fattoyev Farrukh J.
Published: July 2019

Despite a length-scale difference of 18 orders of magnitude, the internal structure of neutron stars and the spatial distribution of neutrons in atomic nuclei are profoundly connected.
New trends in the development of electrophoretic deposition method in the solid oxide fuel cell technology: theoretical approaches, experimental solutions and development prospects
Authors: Kalinina Elena G. , Pikalova Elena Yu.
Published: July 2019

The key features and challenges of the use of electrophoretic deposition for the formation of functional layers of solid oxide fuel cells are considered. Theoretical models and experimental results of the studies of electrophoretic deposition are presented. The analysis covers the physicochemical deposition mechanisms, methods for preparing suspensions and conditions necessary for obtaining thin-film electrode and protective single- and multi-layers with both dense and porous structure for solid oxide fuel cells. The prospects of theoretical simulations of the method and its potential practical applications are evaluated.

The bibliography includes 282 references.
Habitats modified for tourism affect the movement patterns of an endemic marsupial, the Rottnest Island quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
Authors: Phillips Veronica F. , Chambers Brian K. , Bencini Roberta
Published: July 2019

The quokka (Setonix brachyurus), an iconic marsupial endemic to Western Australia, is listed as vulnerable. It is found at its greatest abundance on Rottnest Island, where little is known about its home range and movement patterns. We estimated the home ranges of 22 male and 23 female quokkas within each season in four habitat types on Rottnest Island: coastal dune, grass/heath, woodland and settlement areas developed for tourism. We also tested for factors affecting home range and space use. The mean seasonal home-range size of quokkas was 1.91 ± 0.23 ha, and there was no effect of sex or weight, habitat type or wet or dry periods on the size of the home ranges. Home-range overlap during both night and day was significantly lower in the settlement (25.9%), compared with costal dunes (78.5%), woodlands (70.3%) and grass/heath (66.6%). This was due to feeding and resting sites being spatially separated, with quokkas resting outside of the settled areas during the day and travelling back to these areas to feed at night. This research demonstrates how tourism development can impact on the behaviour and movement patterns of local species and will inform future management of the quokka on Rottnest Island.
Effects of tillage intensity on pore system and physical quality of silt-textured soils detected by multiple methods
Authors: Weninger Thomas , Kreiselmeier Janis , Chandrasekhar Parvathy , Julich Stefan , Feger Karl-Heinz , Schwärzel Kai , Bodner Gernot , Schwen Andreas
Published: July 2019

Understanding the effects of agricultural management practices on soil functionality is an ongoing challenge in environmental science and agricultural practice. In the present study we quantified the effects of changes in tillage intensity on soil physical quality and pore size distribution after 6, 10 and 23 years. At three long-term tillage experimental sites in central Europe we analysed soils under four different soil management systems: conventional mouldboard tillage; chiselling + rotary harrow; rotary harrow; and no till. These treatments differed in mechanical intensity and depth. Pore size distributions were calculated from soil water retention curves based on high-resolution measurements. Subsequently, fractions of functional pore size classes and indicators of soil physical quality were determined and compared between the treatments. In addition, we evaluated the performance of two calculation approaches for pore size distribution: (1) fitting of a smoothing cubic spline; and (2) a bimodal van Genuchten function. The parametric function yielded a higher proportion of storage pores by approximately 3–5%. The combination of multiple measurement and evaluation methods enabled detailed comparison of soil physical characteristics between different tillage treatments. No-till soils showed a distinct lack of transmissive pores and higher bulk density, but similar plant-available water capacity, compared with the other treatments. Under all soil management systems, aeration deficits were observed, emphasising the high vulnerability for compaction of silt-dominated arable soils with a low organic matter content. Hence, the design of agricultural soil management strategies on such soils needs to consider the risks of compaction as thoroughly as erosion or chemical degradation.
Experimental study on capillary and mechanical properties of a porous nickel–copper composite
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wu Kang , Li Hui , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: July 2019

A novel porous nickel–copper composite was designed and fabricated by sintering a mixture of a high-porosity open-cell copper foam plate and fine nickel powder. The microstructure of the porous nickel–copper composite was characterised by the scanning electron microscope. The effects of sintering temperature and dwelling time on the sintering shrinkage, sintered porosity, capillary performance and mechanical properties of the porous composite and monoporous sintered nickel powder were investigated experimentally. The nickel–copper composite presented significant lower sintering shrinkage, higher porosity, lower tensile strength and better capillary performance than the sintered nickel powder under all sintering conditions. The sintering temperature has more influence than the dwelling time on both the capillary performance and tensile strength of the sintered composite.
Recrystallisation behaviour and mechanical properties of a novel Re-containing nickel-base superalloy
Authors: Mukhtarov Sh. Kh. , Imayev V. M. , Logunov A. V. , Shmotin Yu. N. , Mikhailov A. M. , Gaisin R. A. , Shakhov R. V. , Ganeev A. A. , Imayev R. M.
Published: July 2019

A newly developed heavily alloyed polycrystalline nickel-base superalloy containing rhenium and intended as a structural material for turbine discs in gas turbine engines has been studied. Homogenisation and heterogenisation heat treatments were developed for the as-cast superalloy, which led to improving the hot workability as compared to that of as-cast material. electron backscatter diffraction analysis of samples isothermally compressed at temperatures near the solvus temperature showed that continuous dynamic recrystallisation occurred in the superalloy leading to the formation of refined recrystallised structure. These results were used for the development of canned forging processing under quasi-isothermal conditions. The superalloy subjected to canned forging followed by aging exhibited superior high strength and high-temperature capability, while retaining reasonable ductility as compared to known disc superalloys.
Thioesterase PPT1 balances viral resistance and efficient T cell crosspriming in dendritic cells
Authors: Ou Pengju , Wen Lifen , Liu Xiaoli , Huang Jiancheng , Huang Xiaoling , Su Chaofei , Wang Ling , Ni Hai , Reizis Boris , Yang Cliff Y.
Published: July 2019

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) are inherently resistant to many viruses but, paradoxically, possess fewer acidic phagosomes that enable antigen retention and cross-presentation. We report that palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), which catabolizes lipid-modified proteins in neurons, is highly expressed in cDC1s. PPT1-deficient DCs are more susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, and mice with PPT1 deficiency in cDC1s show impaired response to VSV. Conversely, PPT1-deficient cDC1s enhance the priming of naive CD8+ T cells into tissue-resident KLRG1+ effectors and memory T cells, resulting in rapid clearance of tumors and Listeria monocytogenes. Mechanistically, PPT1 protects steady state DCs from viruses by promoting antigen degradation and endosomal acidification via V-ATPase recruitment. After DC activation, immediate down-regulation of PPT1 is likely to facilitate efficient cross-presentation, production of costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, PPT1 acts as a molecular rheostat that allows cDC1s to crossprime efficiently without compromising viral resistance. These results suggest potential therapeutics to enhance cDC1-dependent crosspriming.
Scattering by a periodic tube in

R3

: part ii. A radiation condition
Authors: Kirsch Andreas
Published: July 2019

This second part of a pair of papers complements the first part (see Kirsch 2018 (35 104004)) but can be read independently. Scattering of time-harmonic waves from periodic structures at some fixed real-valued wave number becomes analytically difficult whenever there arise surface waves: These non-zero solutions to the homogeneous scattering problem physically correspond to modes propagating along the periodic structure and clearly imply non-uniqueness of any solution to the scattering problem. As in the first part we consider a medium described by a refractive index which is periodic along the axis of an infinite cylinder in

and constant outside of the cylinder. We formulate a proper radiation condition which allows the existence of traveling modes (and is motivated by the limiting absorption principle proven in the first part) and prove uniqueness and existence.
Scattering by a periodic tube in

R3

: part i. The limiting absorption principle*
Authors: Kirsch Andreas
Published: July 2019

Scattering of time-harmonic waves from periodic structures at some fixed real-valued wave number becomes analytically difficult whenever there arise surface waves: These non-zero solutions to the homogeneous scattering problem physically correspond to modes propagating along the periodic structure and clearly imply non-uniqueness of any solution to the scattering problem. In this paper, we consider a medium, described by a refractive index which is periodic along the axis of an infinite cylinder in

and constant outside of the cylinder. We prove that there is a so-called limiting absorption solution to the associated scattering problem. By definition, such a solution is the limit of a sequence of unique solutions for artificial complex-valued wave numbers tending to the above-mentioned real-valued wave number. By the standard one-dimensional Floquet–Bloch transform and the introduction of the exterior Dirichlet–Neumann map we first reduce the scattering problem to a class of periodic problems in a bounded cell, depending on the wave number k and the Bloch parameter

. We use a functional analytic singular perturbation result to study this problem in a neighborhood of a singular pair

. This abstract result allows us to derive explicitly a representation for the limiting absorption solution as a sum of a decaying part (along the axis of the cylinder) and a finite sum of propagating modes.
The hunt for the third acceptor in CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers
Authors: Babbe Finn , Elanzeery Hossam , Wolter Max H , Santhosh Korra , Siebentritt Susanne
Published: July 2019

The model for intrinsic defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 semiconductor layers is still under debate for the full range between CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2. It is commonly agreed by theory and experiment, that there are at least one shallow donor and two shallow acceptors. Spatially resolved photoluminescence on CuGaSe2 previously revealed a third acceptor. In this study we show with the same method that the photoluminescence peak at 0.94 eV in CuInSe2, previously attributed to a third acceptor, is a phonon replica. However another pronounced peak at 0.9 eV is detected on polycrystalline CuInSe2 samples grown with high copper and selenium excess. Intensity and temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements reveal that this peak originates from a DA-transition from a shallow donor (<8 meV) into a shallow acceptor A3 (135

10) meV. The DA3 transition has three distinct phonon replicas with 28 meV spectral spacing and a Huang Rhys factor of 0.75. Complementary admittance measurements are dominated by one main step with an activation energy of 125 meV which corresponds well with the found A3 defect. The same defect is also observed in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 samples with low gallium content. For [Ga]/([Ga]  +  [In])-ratios of up to 0.15 both methods show a concordant increase of the activation energy with increasing gallium content shifting the defect deeper into the bandgap. The indium vacancy

is discussed as a possible origin of the third acceptor level in CuInSe2 and

in Cu(In,Ga)Se2.
Image reconstruction for interrupted-beam x-ray CT on diagnostic clinical scanners
Authors: Muckley Matthew J , Chen Baiyu , Vahle Thomas , O’Donnell Thomas , Knoll Florian , Sodickson Aaron D , Sodickson Daniel K , Otazo Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Low-dose x-ray CT is a major research area with high clinical impact. Compressed sensing using view-based sparse sampling and sparsity-promoting regularization has shown promise in simulations, but these methods can be difficult to implement on diagnostic clinical CT scanners since the x-ray beam cannot be switched on and off rapidly enough. An alternative to view-based sparse sampling is interrupted-beam sparse sampling. SparseCT is a recently-proposed interrupted-beam scheme that achieves sparse sampling by blocking a portion of the beam using a multislit collimator (MSC). The use of an MSC necessitates a number of modifications to the standard compressed sensing reconstruction pipeline. In particular, we find that SparseCT reconstruction is feasible within a model-based image reconstruction framework that incorporates data fidelity weighting to consider penumbra effects and source jittering to consider the effect of partial source obstruction. Here, we present these modifications and demonstrate their application in simulations and real-world prototype scans. In simulations compared to conventional low-dose acquisitions, SparseCT is able to achieve smaller normalized root-mean square differences and higher structural similarity measures on two reduction factors. In prototype experiments, we successfully apply our reconstruction modifications and maintain image resolution at quarter-dose reduction level. The SparseCT design requires only small hardware modifications to current diagnostic clinical scanners, opening up new possibilities for CT dose reduction.
Coated conductor technology for the beamscreen chamber of future high energy circular colliders
Authors: Puig T , Krkotić P , Romanov A , O’Callaghan J , Zanin D A , Neupert H , Pinto P C , Demolon P , Costa A Granadeiro , Taborelli M , Perez F , Pont M , Gutierrez J , Calatroni S
Published: July 2019

The surface resistance of state-of-the-art REBa2Cu3O7−x
coated conductors has been measured at 8 GHz versus temperature and magnetic field. We show that the surface resistance of REBa2Cu3O7−x
strongly depends on the microstructure of the material. We have compared our results to those determined by the rigid fluxon model. The model gives a very good qualitative description of our data, opening the door to unravel the effect of material microstructure and vortex interactions on the surface resistance of high temperature superconductors. Moreover, it provides a powerful tool to design the best coated conductor architecture that minimizes the in-field surface resistance. We have found that the surface resistance of REBa2Cu3O7−x
at 50 K and up to 9 T is lower than that of copper. This fact poses coated conductors as strong candidate to substitute copper as a beamscreen coating in CERN’s future circular collider. To this end we have also analyzed the secondary electron yield (SEY) of REBa2Cu3O7−x
and found a compatible coating made of sputtered Ti and amorphous carbon that decreases the SEY close to unity, a mandatory requirement for the beamscreen chamber of a circular collider in order to prevent the electron-cloud phenomenon.
Entangling two high-Q microwave resonators assisted by a resonator terminated with SQUIDs
Authors: Li Ming , Hua Ming , Zhang Mei , Deng Fu-Guo
Published: July 2019

We propose a superconducting circuit for quantum information processing (QIP) on high-quality (high-Q) superconducting resonators (SRs). In the circuit, two high-Q SRs are coupled to a high-frequency SR (acts as a quantum bus) assisted by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) terminate in both ends of the high-frequency resonator. Each coupling strength between each high-Q resonator and the high-frequency resonator can be tuned independently from zero to the strong-coupling regime via the external flux threading through the SQUID. In the circuit, the frequencies of the two high-Q resonators are far detuned from the high-frequency resonator. That is, quantum information stored in high-Q resonators cannot be populated in the high-frequency resonator, which lets the bus can be designed to link lots of high-Q resonators for the large-scale QIP. To show the circuit can be used to achieve the QIP, we present a high-fidelity scheme to generate Bell state on the two high-Q resonators. The scheme shows that, to achieve the entanglement operation on high-Q resonators, fast tuning on the coupling is no longer mandatory and the coupling strengths are not required to be turned on or off simultaneously.
Single-shot realization of nonadiabatic holonomic gates with a superconducting Xmon qutrit
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Zhao P Z , Wang Tenghui , Xiang Liang , Jia Zhilong , Duan Peng , Tong D M , Yin Yi , Guo Guoping
Published: July 2019

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors and high-speed realization. The original protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic one-qubit gates has been experimentally demonstrated with a superconducting transmon qutrit. However, it requires two noncommuting gates to complete an arbitrary one-qubit gate, doubling the exposure time of the gate to error sources and thus leaving the gate vulnerable to environment-induced decoherence. Single-shot protocol has been subsequently proposed to realize an arbitrary one-qubit nonadiabatic holonomic gate. In this paper, a single-shot protocol of nonadiabatic holonomic gates is experimentally demonstrated by using a superconducting Xmon qutrit, with all the single-qubit Clifford gates carried out by a single-shot implementation. Characterized by quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking, the single-shot gates reach a fidelity exceeding 99%.
Estimating the density of states of frustrated spin systems
Authors: Barash Lev , Marshall Jeffrey , Weigel Martin , Hen Itay
Published: July 2019

Estimating the density of states (DOS) of systems with rugged free energy landscapes is a notoriously difficult task of the utmost importance in many areas of physics ranging from spin glasses to biopolymers. DOS estimation has also recently become an indispensable tool for the benchmarking of quantum annealers when these function as samplers. Some of the standard approaches suffer from a spurious convergence of the estimates to metastable minima, and these cases are particularly hard to detect. Here, we introduce a sampling technique based on population annealing enhanced with a multi-histogram analysis and report on its performance for spin glasses. We demonstrate its ability to overcome the pitfalls of other entropic samplers, resulting in some cases in large scaling advantages that can lead to the uncovering of new physics. The new technique avoids some inherent difficulties in established approaches and can be applied to a wide range of systems without relevant tailoring requirements. Benchmarking of the studied techniques is facilitated by the introduction of several schemes that allow us to achieve exact counts of the degeneracies of the tested instances.
Synthesis and functionality of eugenol-based polyacetylenes
Authors: Rahim E A , Sanda F
Published: July 2019

Eugenol is an inexpensive natural ingredient, which contains a functional group of phenolic hydroxyl and allyl, and is to be a major component of chemical synthesis which is environmentally friendly. The future of semiconductor materials can serve as smart textiles, lab on chip, portable compact screen, skin cancer treatment. With cheap and easy-to-obtain basic materials in Indonesia this polymer is increasing in price. In the future the helical polymer becomes a very useful material. Thus this material has a good prospect to be developed in Indonesia.