bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Are Friends and Who Are Foes?
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

This chapter describes how King Philip’s War began and spread throughout New England, in part because the colonies alienated neutral Indians by their heavy handed efforts ensure their loyalty. Initially, as fighting broke out, Plymouth thought it could handle it, and simply urged the other colonies to prevent other Indians from joining. But Philip was able to escape Mount Hope, and fighting spread. Massachusetts sent troops to coerce the Narragansetts into signing a treaty, which succeeded, but when it attempted to use the same tactic against the Nipmucs, they ambushed colonial troops and attack Brookfield. Philip escaped to the north, and the war became regional.
The Narragansetts
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

This chapter describes the United Colonies’ decision to launch a preemptive attack against the Narragansetts, the catastrophic campaign that resulted, and how it blew the war wide open. The United Colonies argued that the Narragansetts were secretly supporting their enemies. Soldiers from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth led by Josiah Winslow, supported by Mohegan and Pequot allies, launched a brutal invasion of Narragansett country, leading to the heaviest fighting of the war. While the Narragansetts were devastated, Winslow’s army also suffered severely. Intelligence received afterward showed that the argument for war was based on faulty information. Bolstered by the Narragansetts, the Algonquian coalition against the English was now stronger than ever. Winslow eventually resumed his campaign but was forced to retreat.
New England’s Reckoning
Authors: Tuininga Matthew J.
Published: January 2025

This chapter shows how Puritan ministers and other colonists interpreted the war in religious terms. Although Quakers thought God was judging the Puritans for persecuting Quakers, most Puritans believed they were suffering for a broader range of sins such as worldliness, materialism, and lack of piety. William Hubbard preached an election sermon in which he interpreted the war for Massachusetts’s political leaders. Increase Mather found Hubbard’s interpretation lacking and offered his own interpretation in a published tract. Other Puritans, such as the farmer John Kingsley and the poets Philip Walker and Benjamin Thompson, offered their own interpretations. Nearly everyone agreed that while God was using the Indians to discipline his people, he would ultimately give his people the victory and destroy their enemies.
The Role of A ♭ in the Funeral March from Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3, “Eroica”
Authors: Miyake Jan
Published: January 2025

Tracing the treatment of A♭ offers a productive avenue for understanding and interpreting the second movement of Beethoven’s “Eroica” Symphony (1803). This C-minor movement features A-flat at its most vulnerable, angry, surprising, darkly humorous, and touching moments. Digging deeper into the movement’s form and harmony reveals that A-flat also helps push this work toward its secondary keys of E-flat major and F minor, both of which define formal boundaries in the movement. Finally, telling the story of A-flat accesses many of the emotions one can imagine Beethoven feeling in 1802–1803, especially given the window into his state of mind provided by the 1802 Heiligenstadt Testament.
Metrical Dissonance and Phrase Grouping in HWANG Yau-Tai’s Oblivion (遺忘)
Authors: Chi-Sing Siu Joseph
Published: January 2025

HWANG Yau-Tai 黃友棣 (1911–2010) was a prolific Chinese composer who composed over 2,000 vocal works. Widely considered as one of HWANG’s most beloved choral works, the four-part choral piece Oblivion (遺忘) was composed in 1968, set to the text by the Taiwanese author CHUNG Mei-Yun 鍾梅音. This essay analyzes HWANG’s usage of metrical dissonances and phrase groupings in Oblivion, showing how his compositional choices enhance the musical setting of Oblivion, in which the protagonist repeatedly expresses her desire to forget her lover, even as her lingering feelings will not subside.
“All the Philosophers of Antiquity, with the Sole Exception of the Epicurean School”
Authors: Anderson Abraham
Published: January 2025

Kant’s first remark about Epicureans in the Antinomy echoes a passage in Clarke’s Demonstration. There, Clarke attacks Bayle’s claim that the ancient philosophers denied the dependence of nature on mind. Kant’s echo of the Clarke passage suggests that the seeds of the Antinomy lie in the problem of creation. Kant’s later allusion to Hume as “Epicurus” confirms this. For the Hume passage Kant evokes echoes Bayle’s assertion that what caused the denial of creation was the principle of the ancients that nothing comes from nothing. In echoing Bayle’s assertion, Hume hints that the very principle that Clarke used to prove creation had caused Spinoza to deny it; he thereby hints at an antinomy opposing Clarke to Spinoza.
“If, for Instance, I at This Moment Arise from My Chair”
Authors: Anderson Abraham
Published: January 2025

Sadik Al-Azm has proposed that the arguments of the Antinomies were inspired by the Leibniz-Clarke correspondence. Omri Boehm has argued that the Antinomy is largely an attack on Spinoza. The arguments of the dynamical antinomies are indeed indebted to Clarke, this chapter argues; not, however, to the correspondence with Leibniz, but to his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God. The “theses” in Kant’s dynamical antinomies are inspired by Clarke’s own position, while the “antitheses” are modeled on those he attributes to his opponents. In the Antinomy, Kant echoes Rousseau’s transformation of Clarke’s Demonstration into a Pyrrhonian antithetic, as he had done in the Dreams, though he is also inspired by Hume’s hint at such an antithetic at EHU 12.29 note (d), which likewise opposes Clarke to Spinoza and the Epicureans.
Skeptical Method in the Discipline, the Dialogues, and the Antinomy
Authors: Anderson Abraham
Published: January 2025

Chapter 7 supports Löwisch’s proposal that Hume’s Dialogues triggered the composition of the Antinomy. It does so by demonstrating that the characterizations of skeptical method in the Antinomy were adapted from those in the Discipline of Pure Reason, which was written in defense of the Dialogues. It proposes that one reason the Dialogues had such a powerful effect on Kant was that Dialogues 9 supported his reading of Enquiry 12.29 note (d) as an Antinomy. Second, by showing Kant Hume’s Pyrrhonism stripped of the empiricism of the Enquiry, the Dialogues confirmed that Hume’s Pyrrhonism could be mobilized against his empiricism to demonstrate transcendental idealism.
Songs of Pain and Beauty
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

In English solo art songs composed between 1900 and the end of World War II, intensive diatonicism was a consistent musical response to the contemporary pastoral poetry that was strongly favoured by musicians. Composers such as George Butterworth, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Ivor Gurney, John Ireland, and, especially, Gerald Finzi, forged a tradition of English song around codes that were both textual and musical, encompassing the poets’ words and the available diatonic conventions. Ironically. they drew on the new diatonic pastoral style only occasionally, preferring the processional diatonicism inherited from Parry and Elgar, now adapted for piano accompaniment, along with hymn and chorale-prelude topics. Intensively diatonic art songs turned away from grand public statements to a private realm of tender thoughts and melancholy reflections. That melancholy fed on the paradox of literary themes of transience expressed through the diatonic musical language, which remained identified with eternity.
Tracts for the Times
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

In the mid-1930s. English diatonic music turned outwards to face immediate crises at home and abroad. The next two decades witnessed industrial unrest, abdication, the worsening European political situation, World War II, the fear of nuclear war, and two British coronations. During these years, music could be disseminated widely through BBC broadcasts and the soundtracks of films for cinema. Composers attempted to meet the crises that confronted their civilization with music that was public, visionary, and at times national, aiming to communicate with a wide audience, spread a message, and advocate for causes. To realize their visions in musical terms, they drew on the idiom that they seem to have regarded as their musical correlate: processional diatonicism. This chapter examines compositions in the genres of unison choral hymn, choral cantata, and orchestral march, along with a single ‘abstract’ composition—Vaughan Williams’s Symphony No. 5.
The New Ecstasy
Authors: Riley Matthew
Published: January 2025

From the late 1930s to the mid-1950s, two major personal projects in diatonic composition emerged in the work of Herbert Howells and Michael Tippett. Their work was aesthetically and spiritually conceived, intensifying the ecstatic tendencies of English diatonic music. Howells turned to the Anglican liturgical tradition, giving the evening canticles in particular an intimate, personal touch, whereas Tippett’s imagery was pagan. Nevertheless, in both cases their music was informed by the psychology of religious experience, in Tippett’s case guided by his readings in Jungian theory, and in both cases it is lushly sensual at times, with strong feelings of eroticism at moments of glorious relaxation, abundance and unashamed repetition. Both composers remained deeply concerned with ‘song’ in an ideal as well as a literal sense, just as Parry had been in setting the words of Milton’s ‘At a Solemn Musick’.
Cholera
Authors: Deen Jacqueline , Clemens John D.
Published: January 2025

Cholera is a potentially fatal diarrheal disease of global importance. Recently, there have been several large cholera outbreaks occurring during complex humanitarian crises in countries with fragile infrastructure. This chapter reviews cholera epidemiology, transmission, burden, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and the available interventions so as to assess whether the implementation of public health efforts against cholera should aim for control, elimination, or eradication. Cholera control can be achieved through improvements in water and sanitation, aided by mass oral cholera vaccination campaigns to provide protective levels of population immunity in high-risk areas. Factors making the sustained elimination of cholera in many countries, let alone worldwide eradication, extremely challenging include intrinsic biologic and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease, inadequate health systems capacity, limitations of current cholera intervention approaches, and the occurrence of natural catastrophes and political and social instability. Cholera-endemic countries should be encouraged to make informed, evidence-based decisions regarding their public health approach to cholera control, which will require government commitment and rational use of available resources.
Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
Authors: Henderson Leigh A.
Published: January 2025

Disease eradication programs present unique challenges to cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses (CBA and CEA). Both costs and the time horizon are indeterminate, affected by both national and international factors. CBA and CEA are critical tools in setting priorities and managing costs among competing public health programs. However, decision-makers include a diverse array of stakeholders who may be unfamiliar with these tools. This chapter provides a brief introduction to CBA/CEA concepts and terminology, highlighting issues affecting validity and comparability. It reviews recent developments in the ongoing poliomyelitis, malaria, dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), and yaws eradication programs that have the potential to greatly affect their time horizons, costs, and potential benefits. Finally, recent enhancements of CBA/CEA to facilitate comparison of combinations of program options within the constraints of a national health budget are discussed.
The Offering
Authors: Bhidé Amar
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the notion of uncertainty presented by Frank Knight’s Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921). It highlights that uncertainty remains regardless of scientific discoveries and technological innovations. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions made it easier for people to reduce the impact of bad luck, while the innovations in this millennium have continued to increase predictability rapidly. The management of uncertainty imposes costs, since the techniques for describing or making predictions about large groups and agglomerations often rely on standardized procedures and statistical models that ignore contextual and personal differences. The chapter notes the dogmatic reliance on statistics to resolve all kinds of uncertainties.
John Maynard Keynes: Help to Distraction
Authors: Bhidé Amar
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains John Maynard Keynes’s Depression-era thesis on how severe uncertainties can trigger systemic collapses. It cites that the thesis attracted renewed interest after the 2008 global financial crisis, but ultimately hindered modernization proposals. Keynes’s Treatise on Probability clarified the roles of nonnumerical probabilities and evidence. Moreover, Keynes invoked extreme uncertainty to explain systemic macroeconomic collapses, which attracted broader interest. The chapter also looks into the legacy of the Treatise, showing how skepticism about Keynes’s ideas spurred the development of subjective utility maximization that excluded Knightian uncertainty. It also elaborates on the extreme, intractable uncertainty often associated with Keynes.
The World Shuts Down
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie
Published: January 2025

This chapter explains why the Covid border closures were such an unexpected shock. Over the past several decades, global mobility—tourists, migrants, students, and cross-border couples—had grown to unprecedented levels. And little over ten years prior, nations in the World Health Organization had agreed they would avoid border closures as a tool to fight pandemics, believing such measures to be costly and ineffective. Yet almost every country in the world resorted to border restrictions. The chapter shows the knock-on effects in the early months of 2020 as countries began to shut down travel, a precautionary measure that was to last far longer than anyone could have anticipated.
No Man Is an Island (But Some Countries Are)
Authors: Alden Edward , Trautman Laurie
Published: January 2025

No region of the world used border closures more aggressively for Covid control than the Asia-Pacific. And no region did a better job reducing Covid infections and deaths. When lessons are learned for future pandemics, this region is where experts and politicians will look. But there are two distinct lessons—in some countries, notably South Korea and Taiwan, travel restrictions were combined with vigorous public health interventions, including effective contact tracing. But in others—most notably Japan, Australia, and New Zealand—border restrictions were the primary tool of pandemic control. The consequence was some of the most discriminatory measures in the world. Japan froze out non-citizens, including longtime Japanese residents. Australia also barred non-citizens, briefly prohibited return by its own citizens, and rationed quarantine hotel space to block thousands of others. New Zealand, a darling of international media, was even more restrictive. The region highlights both the role and the enormous risks of using border restrictions to reduce the spread of diseases.
What Are Better Responses to Forced Migration?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Chapter 2 analyzes responses to people forced to migrate. Forced migration can be a consequence of persecution, of civil war or other violence, of drought or flooding caused by climate change, or of other conditions. The chapter starts by exploring the refugee protection system that arose in the European context after World War II. The chapter then discusses that system has become foundational and also come under great pressure in the past several decades. Countries of potential refuge and asylum have tried to manage and limit protection through a variety of strategies that include externalizing borders through interdiction, the concept of a safe third-country, and outsourced border control. In spite of these measures, a large number of migrants continue to reach distant countries of potential asylum. The chapter suggests ways to recognize the humanity claims of forced migrants by expanding government responses beyond the current approaches to refugee protection that have become increasingly inadequate.
What’s the Big Picture?
Authors: Motomura Hiroshi
Published: January 2025

Chapter 10 draws on material from previous chapters to identify and answer some bedrock questions. It starts with an inquiry into the injustices that national borders can conceal by creating lawless zones that make subordination or discrimination seem normal and beyond serious examination. Some of injustices reflect disrespect for humanity claims; other injustices reflect disrespect for belonging claims. The chapter next combines lessons from previous chapters to discuss the best ways of making immigration decisions and identifies pitfalls in some decision-making processes that many people take for granted. The chapter then discusses how and when history should matter in the making of immigration policy. It explains the need to make sure that immigration policy draws on directly pertinent history, geography, and economics. At the same time, immigration policy cannot serve well as a site to correct all of society’s injustices, for which the best responses often lie elsewhere.
Moving Beyond Assessment
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

If you are someone who is about to complete or have just completed a graduate program in a helping profession such as social work, psychology, counseling, and/or nursing and you have thought “How do I actually do direct/clinical practice with clients?”, then Moving Beyond Assessment: A Practical Guide for Beginning Helping Professionals is for you. The authors help the readers think through how to think about yourself as a clinician, how to plan for interventions, how to think about your own clinical supervision, and cover many other topics related to direct/clinical practice with clients using user-friendly examples and resources that the readers can apply immediately to their own practice. Drawing on their combined 50-plus years of experience teaching graduate students, providing clinical supervision, and offering psychotherapy services to hundreds of clients, the authors walk readers through the often anxiety-filled world of “What’s next?” Readers of this book will walk away with more confidence in their own work as they gain knowledge, skills, resources, and more tools for their professional toolboxes. This book is a must-read for any new professional who is interested in becoming a skilled clinician working directly with clients in a behavioral or mental health setting.
Introduction
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the book. It provides an overview of the purpose of the book, which includes helping the readers think about becoming a helping professional. In addition, this chapter introduces the reader to the authors and provides their background and the context for this book. The readers will learn about their clinical and teaching backgrounds and how they share this knowledge in the book. Finally, this chapter gives an overview of the chapters that are contained with the book and explains how the book is divided into three primary sections to help new professionals to think about critical professional issues, such as identity, how to get started with clients, and issues for ongoing professional development.
What to Know Before You Start
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses the social worker who is beginning an internship or starting a new job in the field of social work. The authors address a number of questions, from what to wear to how to introduce yourself to clients and establish a successful working relationship with them. This chapter helps readers to identify some key principles that should be considered before entering into a helping relationship. These include how to present as a professional; working with interdisciplinary teams; different forms of communication; the use of self, including self-awareness and self-disclosure; and preparing the reader for understanding how working in a helping profession impacts the worker themself.
Role of Theory in Social Work Practice
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

A crucial area of expertise is social work is a knowledge of different explanatory and practice theories that strongly influence the assessment and change processes. Explanatory theories provide practitioners with the ability to help clients (and themselves) frame or understand “the why” behind their feelings, behaviors, and/or current struggles. Change theories provide practitioners with guidance for how to intervene and create an intervention plan that is cohesive and that builds on the explanation of why the client’s problem exists. This chapter helps the new social worker distinguish the terms associated with theories, and it demonstrates through clinical examples how theories can be used to understand and then address the clinical presentations for which clients are seeking help.
Endings
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on how to navigate the challenging ending phase of treatment. to help prepare the practitioner for both planned and unplanned endings. The end of treatment and of the working relationship carries a sense of finality. Many clients, and some therapists, find this phase emotionally difficult. It is essential that social workers thoughtfully approach termination with clients. Social workers must ensure that this ending is different from other endings by not repeating unhelpful patterns from their past and ends in a way that highlights their accomplishments in the work you have done together. This chapter offers ways to create endings where the client can own and take credit for the important work that they have done. In addition, the authors discuss some of the challenges that arise during this phase of treatment, such as accepting gifts and the desire for ongoing contact.
Final Thoughts
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Dombo Eileen A.
Published: January 2025

This concluding chapter provides some final thoughts from each of the authors about longevity in the field. The authors pass along advice that they wish they had received as they entered the field of social work. Many issues are discussed. Among them are engaging in self-care, finding change motivation, cultivating peer support, practicing humility and personal honesty, embracing curiosity, continuing with ongoing lifelong learning, setting boundaries, celebrating difference, finding a niche, pursuing postgraduate and doctoral training, specializing in particular aspects of social work, maintaining diverse work roles to avoid burnout, maintaining a work–life balance, celebrating achievements, and showing pride in the profession of social work.
Places, Peoples, Empire
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J.
Published: January 2025

At the time Pilate killed Jesus, Rome had governed greater Judaea for a century. “Judaea” was the Greek and Latin term for “Israel,” and it was under the sway of the Roman emperor Tiberius for much of Jesus’ life. Beneath him, Jerusalem and surrounding regions of lesser Judaea had been portioned out to equestrian prefects. Jesus’ home region of Galilee and other territories were allotted to Herodian dynasts. Both prefects and Herodian dynasts were figures of Roman authority, and the long arm of Roman imperialism defined the playing field in which Pilate and Jesus would have their fatal encounter. But why was Jesus subject to Roman authority? Why were Jesus and Galileans like him Jews? What was a Roman prefect doing in Jerusalem during Jesus’ final Passover? What was the political situation in Judaea and surrounding regions of the Middle East during Jesus’ lifetime?
Dissenters
Authors: Andrade Nathanael J.
Published: January 2025

If some of Jesus’ compatriots coordinated with Roman authority, other Jews envisioned its end. Some people acquired charismatic authority by criticizing the established order, including the Romans, Herodians, and chief priests. These could be insurgents, people who sought to free Israel from the Romans and restore autonomous rule by Jews. But some dissenters foresaw a divine reign over Israel. They believed it would reverse the governing order. We can place the Qumran Jews, John the Baptizer, and Jesus of Nazareth within the spectrum of prophetic dissenters. But what did they have in common, and how did they differ? How did their beliefs and actions pit them against governing authority?
Introduction
Authors: Moen Lars J.K.
Published: January 2025

The first chapter introduces the debate over freedom between republicans and liberals. It explains the republican concept of freedom as non-domination and the pure negative view of freedom as non-interference. It then sketches the framework employed throughout the book to analyze and compare these two freedom concepts. The chapter also positions the account of republicanism discussed in the book within the long republican tradition of political thought. The chapter ultimately shows how the book is structured so as to demonstrate how the conceptual dispute over republican and pure negative freedom results in the republican dilemma, which is also introduced in the chapter.
Ideal
Authors: Moen Lars J.K.
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers different ways of defining and using ideals in political philosophy. The ideal of strong republican freedom seems unsuited for guiding political action in a modern society. Moderate republican freedom, on the other hand, is defined exactly for this purpose in the constructivist procedure explained in Chapter 4. A defense of strong republican freedom must involve a rejection of this constructivist approach. This chapter shows how a critique of moderate republican freedom runs parallel to G. A. Cohen’s objection to Rawls’s interpretation of the difference principle, according to which citizens committed to making the worst-off as well off as possible will demand no incentives for helping the worst-off. Similarly, citizens committed to protecting their society against abuse of political power will have no shared interests conflicting with the vigilance involved in such protection. The chapter touches on several issues central in ongoing methodological debates in political philosophy.
Against Mere Qualitative Heterogeneity in Temporal Reality
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: January 2025

The world in time is ontologically heterogeneous: at least one moment is unique, bearing a temporal property or having some distinction that separates it from any other moment. On some accounts of such structure, this heterogeneity is supposed to be merely qualitative, a difference in the properties that moments or the things that exist at them bear. On others, the heterogeneity is more profound, a difference in what exists simpliciter from one moment to the next. This chapter argues against accounts on which there is merely qualitative heterogeneity in temporal reality. Thus, the traditional passage view and moving spotlight views are both rejected. The chapter argues that one must accept some ontological transience in temporal reality: some things, including moments and other temporal entities, come into being or cease to be simpliciter. There is nothing whatsoever prior to this moment, now. Hence, growing block views are also rejected.
Temporal Reality and Inconstancy
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: January 2025

This moment, now, exists but for an instant, and is replaced by another moment, which stands in no relation to the former. This is suggestive of presentism, a somewhat notorious view. This chapter elaborates this book’s account of temporal reality by examining it vis-à-vis presentism. Although this account rejects what is standardly the definitive ontological claim of presentism, that only present things exist, regarding it as presentist is nonetheless appropriate. The account, which avoids all the problems usually associated with presentism, is nevertheless open to a conclusive objection, concerning the indubitable constancy in the world. Acknowledging this, however, does not indicate grounds for rejecting the account of the world in time propounded herein; rather, it reveals that an apt account of the metaphysics of time includes more than merely an account of temporal reality. What is also needed is a theory of the world without time, that is, an account of atemporal reality.
Great Power Competition, Proxy War and Special Operations Forces
Authors: Henningsen Troels Burchall
Published: January 2025

Proxy wars play a prominent role in great power competition. During both the Cold War and the recentGlobal War on Terror, Special Operations Forces (SOF) have been pivotal in these proxy engagements. This chapter explores how SOF can achieve strategic effects in three scenarios of proxy wars: alliances to fight a common enemy, contests for influence, and indirect confrontations. It finds that the less conspicuous qualities of SOF—such as the ability to conduct informal diplomacy, to influence local security institutions discreetly, to expose the activities of rival great powers, and to offer strategic advice to local partners—provide unique advantages to the sponsoring state. These activities may bring about pragmatic, ad hoc alliances among rivals against a common enemy, and a sustainable long-term presence in states subject to influence by rival powers. Thus, SOF allows for an expansion of choices available to policymakers and the economy of force in less critical geographical areas of competition, although broader political effects ultimately depend on the legitimacy of the proxy relationship.
Special Operations as an Integrating Function
Authors: Gans Ben , Blanken Leo , Stelmack Robert
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the transformation of special operations required to meet the challenges and exploit opportunities presented by the changing character of warfare. Drawing on the current debate around multi-domain operations it is argued that coping effectively with a collapsed operational environment, that increasingly compresses time, space, and force, requires new alignments between organizational capabilities and environmental opportunities. This chapter therefore contributes to developing special operations in modern warfare by introducing a framework for merging capabilities as a source of competitive advantage in strategic competition. The framework illustrates the proposed transformation of special operation into an integrating function capable of synergistically maneuvering resources across all domains with merged capabilities used to generate cross-dimensional effects along the spectrum of integrated deterrence, crisis, and conflict.
Special Powers, Desperate Acts
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: January 2025

This chapter shows that India prioritized security over constitutionalism during 1955-62. Such a shift meant investment in the political, territorial, and administrative unity of the republic at the cost of citizenship rights. Imposition of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (1958) in Assam to counter the Naga insurgency marked the first step towards militarism. Near simultaneous military coups in Pakistan and Burma by Generals Ayub Khan and Ne Win respectively impacted India’s security in its northeastern states. New Delhi accepted these coups as fait accompli. Lastly, instead of uniting it, Chinese aggression at the India, Pakistan, and Burma borders, ended up dividing the subcontinent. It paved the way for long-term strategic alignment between China and Pakistan, led to the resolution of the Sino-Burmese boundary dispute, and condemned India and China into an enduring rivalry.
Enabling Democracy
Authors: Paliwal Avinash
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on the links that bound India’s regional geopolitics to its state-building processes during the 1980s and 1990s. It explains why India supported democracy movements in Bangladesh and Burma, after having attempted engagement and rapprochement with the military leadership of both countries. In 1988, India intervened in Burma in support of the pro-democracy movement. New Delhi preferred Aung San Suu Kyi over the generals. The chapter unearths the secret history of India’s arming of the Kachin, Chin, and Rakhine groups in Myanmar, and growing preference for Mujib’s daughter Sheikh Hasina as a political ally in a turbulent Bangladesh. Unfortunately for India, neither Hasina nor Suu Kyi gained power. In Bangladesh, the rise of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) under Khaleda Zia’s leadership, and the endurance of the junta in Myanmar undermined India’s geopolitical calculus in its near east.
Dancing in the Rain
Authors: Gustafson Thane
Published: January 2025

This chapter reviews Russia’s responses to the Western sanctions, which have been vigorous, creative, and on the whole effective in restabilizing the economy and restoring growth after the initial disarray of the first few months after the invasion. It shows how the financial team, in particular, led by the RCB and the Ministry of Finance, has used a combination of interest rates and occasional capital controls to prevent a meltdown of the ruble and to limit capital flight. The chapter then shows how Russian energy companies have reoriented the country’s oil trade away from Europe, while acquiring a large fleet of “shadow tankers” and promoting what the chapter calls creative reporting for coping with the price cap. Finally, it concludes that these responses have enabled the Putin regime to continue to prosecute its war in Ukraine while insulating the population and the economy from its direct effects. All in all, it has been a successful effort—for the near term.
(Post-)Colonial (West) Germany
Authors: Melber Henning
Published: January 2025

The treatment of the colonial era in post-World War 2 West Germany compared with East Germany highlights forms of colonial amnesia and colonial apologetic romanticism. This contrasts with the emergence of first civil society initiatives in demand of colonial-critical memory culture since the late 1960s. Remnants of colonial mentality and perspectives are presented for Germany since unification in 1990, including popular literature and the Humboldt Forum. The emergence of a pro-active Black German movement (Afro Germans) and the creation of awareness by post-colonial initiatives are contrasted with the reactionary revisionism by the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) as a right-wing political party gaining support for its colonial-apologetic racist views. Efforts to rehabilitate victims of colonial injustice such as the execution of Manga Bell and Ngoso Din, debates on the colonial legacy in the German Bundestag and the role of colonialism as regards the notion of internal liberation conclude the chapter.
Red Lights
Authors: Connell Kieran
Published: January 2025

The chapter examines the experiences of Irish immigrant groups in inner-city Birmingham alongside South Asian and other racialized communities. Using the photography of Janet Mendelsohn, the chapter traces the changing topographical landscape of the neighborhood in the context of the collapse of what was left of the British Empire. It shows how cafes, cinemas, and other establishments performed important roles in the transition immigrant groups made towards a permanent presence in Britain. The chapter ends by examining the prominent sex industry in the area, and seeks to understand the significance of the complicated nature of one particular relationship between a local mixed-race couple.
Epilogue
Authors: Connell Kieran
Published: January 2025

The epilogue provides readers with more information about the author’s own family history, which came to light as he was finishing the book. The author argues that Britain’s “drift” towards the multicultural is only going to become more pronounced in the years to come, and that hybridized identities will continue to become an increasingly commonplace feature of British life. He suggests that the ongoing story of multicultural Britain will remain an often contradictory process, however, with racism in myriad forms a central issue.
Personal observations and reflections on my right anterior cortical stroke and (partial) recovery: impaired and preserved function
Authors: Moscovitch M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
A bolt from the blue
Authors: Sue
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Summary of ‘Sleep and dream suppression following a lateral medullary infarct: a first-person account’ *
Authors: Hobson J. A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a series of 12 articles reflecting different types of stroke. Article 1 discusses a cognitive neuropsychologist’s right anterior cortical stroke. Article 2 explores a general practitioner’s right hemisphere stroke. Article 3 narrates a nurse’s experience following a left frontal stroke, whereas Article 4 reflects on a late professor and classical pianist’s experience with a right parietal stroke. Article 5 describes a radiologist’s encounter with an acute right hemisphere stroke. Article 6 provides insight into a neuropsychologist’s life after a ruptured left frontal arteriovenous malformation that occurred at the age of 19 years. Article 7 details a psychiatrist’s episode of transient global amnesia. Article 8 recounts a nephrologist who suffered a cerebellar infarct. Article 9 examines an aphasiologist’s stroke affecting the brainstem. Article 10 reports on a cardiologist’s embolic stroke involving the cerebellum. Article 11 outlines the consequences of a neuroscientist’s brainstem infarct. Finally, Article 12 shares a nurse’s perspective on a right parietal lobe stroke.
Living with a benign brain tumour
Authors: McDonald A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter collects seven personal accounts of those who suffered a brain tumour. Article 1 is by a rheumatology professor who observed changes in speech and writing due to a left parietal glioma. Article 2 features a clinical neuropsychologist’s journey following multiple treatment for a right parietal glioma. Article 3 recounts a social work student’s battle with a right temporal ependymoma at the age of 15 years. Article 4 offers insights from a general practitioner who had a benign fourth ventricle subependymoma. Article 5 details a medical student’s confrontation with a golf ball-sized meningioma adjacent to her brainstem. Article 6 describes an oncology physician’s symptoms leading to an ependymoma diagnosis, involving the fourth ventricle and brainstem. Article 7 presents a cardiologist’s narrative on living with a left frontal astrocytoma, and the accompanying uncertainty and perpetual fear of recurrence.
Books by doctors/scientists recounting their personal experience of infectious and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Kapur Narinder , Bell Vaughan , Friedland Daniel , Kemp Steven
Published: January 2025

In this chapter, there are seven articles dealing with serious infectious and inflammatory diseases. Article 1 provides a cardiologist’s detailed account of limbic encephalitis, emphasizing the fluctuating cognitive and emotional symptoms due to hippocampal and amygdala involvement. Article 2 offers insights from a neurologist on a unique presentation of autoimmune limbic encephalitis that affected him. Article 3 shares a physician’s personal journey with autoimmune encephalitis, highlighting the condition’s significant impact on mental well-being. Article 4 focuses on a psychiatrist’s challenging experience with COVID-19-related delirium and the lingering effects of long COVID. Article 5 discusses a doctor’s delirium episode following COVID-19, which included a period in intensive care. Article 6 reports another doctor’s experience with delirium, which followed a presumed meningitis infection. Finally, Article 7 is a gripping story of survival from a psychiatrist who battled streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Summary of ‘Physician as patient: lessons to learn’ *
Authors: Beatty P. A.
Published: January 2025

This chapter compiles six articles that provide a window into the varied experiences of those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Article 1 discusses a young postgraduate student in psychology grappling with the progressive form of MS, a variant less common than the typical relapsing–remitting type. Article 2 tells the story of a doctor who works as both an oncologist and a haematologist, and whose long history with MS intersects poignantly with personal loss. Article 3 is about a young lady who has a master’s in public health and works in a university setting. She describes the unique challenges in facing MS as a Pakistani-American, providing insights into the challenges of having a condition more prevalent in Western countries. Article 4 reveals how an obstetrician and gynaecologist navigates her professional duties while managing MS symptoms. Article 5 presents a physician’s account of living with MS and the complexities of treatment. Finally, Article 6 features a medical researcher’s reflections on the profound impact of good communication, or the lack thereof, in the journey with MS.
Conclusion
Authors: Jubb Robert
Published: January 2025

This Conclusion summarizes the arguments of the four main chapters and responds to some more explicitly radical critiques of liberal democracy in contemporary political theory. Rawlsian theorists typically do not realize the radicalism which leaves them unable to account for the authority of liberal democracy. Other contemporary political theorists, however, are typically much clearer about their dissatisfaction with the stability and protection liberal democratic regimes provide. These radical theorists do not appreciate the goods liberal democratic rule provides. Political rule involves working with the materials presented by the political divisions and conflicts a society actually has, using them to somehow provide a political order that does well enough for enough of its members, enough of the time, to gain their basic acceptance. Too many existing critiques of liberal democracy depend on an implausible political sociology and demand more than any political order could expect to provide.
William C. Kirby, Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2022), pp. 491
Authors: Palfreyman David
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a review of William C. Kirby’s Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China (2022). Kirby is an academic at Harvard University and he seeks to explore the rise and fall of ‘empires’ as in the ranking of global universities by looking in detail at representative institutions from each of the three nations. These are the University of Berlin and the Free University of Berlin; Harvard, Berkeley, and Duke; Tsinghua, Nanjing, and the University of Hong Kong. The book begins by tracing the rise, fall, and recent revival of the German universities. Turning to US research universities, Kirby asks whether American universities can continue to lead the world in the coming decades. Finally, the book considers the success of the Chinese Excellence Initiative in driving certain Chinese universities up the global rankings.
DJing as “Phonographic Work(ing)”
Authors: Gilli Lorenz
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a methodological framework for analyzing EDM DJ sets. The concept of “phonographies,” introduced by Alexander G. Weheliye, is used to discuss DJing as a socio-aesthetic practice of modernity, originating from Black and African American culture. Rolf Großmann’s concept of “phonographic work(ing)” is employed to further illuminate the material foundations and practices of DJing. The chapter discusses Mark J. Butler’s three elements of a DJ performance, namely “tracks,” “third record,” and “DJ set,” and distinguishes between third records as transition and third records as entity. Additionally, three fundamental aesthetic principles are introduced: modulation, repetition, and combination. This analytical framework is then applied to analyze a house DJ set by Solomun and an EDM pop DJ set by Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, revealing distinctive aesthetic approaches across EDM genres in terms of sonic time and space, liveness, authority, and the creation of third records.
Nonlyrical Dimensions of Protest Music
Authors: Roy William G. , Gromis Ashley
Published: January 2025

The overwhelming preponderance of scholarship about protest music focuses on the political meanings of lyrics. This chapter focuses on how music shapes relationships among activists rather than the message contained in lyrics—what movements do with music. The main factors that affect why movements use music in the way they do include continuity from past practices, the institutional setting they occupy, and the agency of their leadership. Protest music also constitutes a distinctive art world with organizations, practices, technologies, and cultures. The organization of genres affects how protest music operates, including how it constitutes its own genre. The new media of the twenty-first century is changing how protest music operates and promises unexpected changes in the future.