bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilização de adoçantes no Brasil: uma abordagem a partir de um inquérito domiciliar
Authors: Arrais Paulo Sérgio Dourado , Vianna Marisa Perdigão de Negreiros , Zaccolo Anamaria Vargas , Moreira Luzia Izabel Mesquita , Thé Patrícia Maria Pontes , Quidute Ana Rosa Pinto , Fontanella Andréia Turmina , Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora , Luiza Vera Lucia , Ramos Luiz Roberto , Farias Mareni Rocha , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Mengue Sotero Serrate
Published: October 2019

Resumo: O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência do uso de adoçantes pela população adulta brasileira e características dos usuários. Análise de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM, 2014), um inquérito nacional de base populacional. O desfecho de interesse foi o uso autorreferido de adoçantes entre brasileiros com 20 anos ou mais. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo, idade em anos completos, região do Brasil, escolaridade em anos completos e classificação econômica segundo o Critério Classificação Econômica Brasil da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP). Os indicadores das condições de saúde foram: relato de doença crônica não transmissíveis (DCNT), número de DCNT e índice de massa corporal (IMC). A prevalência do uso de adoçantes na população adulta brasileira foi de 13,4% (IC95%: 12,5-14,3), sendo maior entre as pessoas do sexo feminino e no grupo com 60 anos ou mais, nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, entre pessoas da classe econômica A/B e entre indivíduos obesos. As pessoas com doenças crônicas (em especial diabetes) foram as que mostraram maior prevalência de uso de adoçantes, sendo o uso maior quanto maior o número de comorbidades relatadas. A prevalência de uso de adoçantes foi de 13,4% e mostrou-se associada a características sociodemográficas e de saúde.
Testemunhos orais e fotográficos: relatos de memórias das ações culturais do Mobral na comunidade sertaneja
Authors: Silva Jailson Costa da , Freitas Marinaide Lima de Queiroz
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2015 a 2018, no sertão de Alagoas, que teve como foco as ações desenvolvidas no Programa Mobral Cultural, implementado pelo Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (Mobral), apoiando-se na História oral, Alberti (2008) e Bosi (1994), privilegiando como fontes as entrevistas e também a fotografia de Cartier-Bresson (1971), Guran (2011) e Leite (1993). Objetivou apresentar as narrativas memorialísticas advindas das fontes mencionadas de dois sujeitos inseridos no contexto das atividades culturais do referido Movimento, surgidas das indagações: A presença de ações culturais incentivadas pelo Mobral cultural ocasionou a valorização da cultura popular sertaneja? Quais os significados para os sertanejos das iniciativas culturais ofertadas? As fontes orais e visuais trouxeram novas reflexões em relação ao lugar - Sertão alagoano - e nos fizeram perceber as ressignificações que foram possíveis em um Movimento com a dimensão que teve o Mobral, na época da Ditadura Civil-militar.
PROVOQUE - Problematizando Visualidades e Questionando Estereótipos: leitura de imagens fundamentada nos Estudos da Cultura Visual
Authors: Baliscei João Paulo
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Nas práticas escolares de ensino de Arte, é comum identificar exercícios de leitura de imagem fundamentados em abordagens a partir das quais priorizam-se os elementos formais e plásticos de uma composição. Apesar das contribuições que tais abordagens têm conferido às maneiras como os sujeitos aprendem a se relacionar com as imagens à sua volta, os Estudos da Cultura Visual têm destacado a necessidade de desenvolver maneiras mais críticas e inventivas de ensinar a ler imagens, sobretudo, em contextos em que estereótipos são reforçados pelas visualidades. Nosso objetivo é, portanto, apresentar um conjunto de procedimentos que orientam investigações visuais críticas e inventivas e que dão ênfase aos estereótipos. Denominado de PROVOQUE - uma abreviação para Problematizando Visualidades e Questionando Estereótipos -, esse conjunto de procedimentos tem como fundamentação os Estudos da Cultura Visual e é constituído por cinco etapas. Flertando, Percebendo, Estranhando, Dialogando e Compartilhando oferecem ações analíticas distintas para que imagens estereotipadas sejam analisadas em situações de ensino e pesquisa. Consideramos que o PROVOQUE demonstra que as aproximações estabelecidas com os artefatos visuais não são meramente passivas, mas, sim, críticas e inventivas.
Parque Infantil: a singularidade e seus componentes
Authors: Kuhlmann Jr. Moysés
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Este artigo tem como intenção problematizar a atribuição de originalidade da instituição extraescolar denominada parque infantil, integrado ao Departamento de Cultura da prefeitura da cidade de São Paulo em 1935. Apresentam-se articulações e propostas de instituições congêneres, com diferentes denominações. O playground norte-americano e sua história são focalizados no texto. Elencam-se e analisam-se elementos constitutivos dessas propostas. O texto se apoia em artigos e livros com resultados de pesquisas sobre o tema e em fontes documentais, como reportagens da imprensa diária, relatórios e comunicações a congressos, revistas e livros do período estudado, que retrocede à primeira metade do século XIX. Inspiradas em uma metodologia indiciária, a crítica historiográfica e a interpretação histórica têm como perspectiva situar o estudo da história da educação no quadro das relações sociais. A crítica historiográfica identifica a adoção de narrativas feitas pelos sujeitos que atuaram no período ou o uso das fontes sem problematização, simplificando os processos históricos. A interpretação se distancia de atribuir valor às instituições, seja de forma positiva ou negativa. Considera-se que não basta adjetivá-las como promotoras da cultura e da cidadania, ou ao contrário, do controle e da disciplina, pois ambas as dimensões podem ser identificadas nos elementos presentes nas propostas. A helioterapia e as escolas ao ar livre, o paisagismo e os parques urbanos, a educação física como impulsionadora dos ambientes educacionais ativos e das atividades culturais, as propostas da escola infantil britânica compõem a configuração do parque infantil.
Visiones de los agentes implicados en el diseño, difusión y utilización de los materiales digitales educativos en portales educativos españoles
Authors: Chacón José Peirats , Nemiña Raúl Eirín , Rodriguez Jesús Rodríguez
Published: October 2019

RESUMEN Este artículo recoge resultados de un estudio más amplio dedicado al análisis de las visiones de los agentes y actores implicados en el diseño, difusión y utilización de los materiales digitales educativos presentes en portales educativos españoles que ofertan servicios y recursos educativos. Forma parte, a su vez, de un proyecto de I+D+i, denominado “Escuela Digital”, dedicado al análisis de la producción y uso de contenidos didácticos digitales en los centros escolares1. El propósito principal del artículo es presentar los resultados de las visiones del profesorado, el alumnado y las familias sobre los materiales digitales presentes en los portales institucionales de Galicia y Valencia, ofreciendo sugerencias para su mejora. Tras una revisión bibliográfica del ámbito de investigación considerado sobre materiales didácticos digitales y portales institucionales exponemos la metodología de investigación. Luego sintetizamos los resultados del análisis y, finalmente, presentamos la discusión y conclusiones del análisis realizado.
Las visiones del alumnado sobre los Materiales Didácticos Digitales en España
Authors: Rego-Agraso Laura , Suelves Diana Marín
Published: October 2019

RESUMEN El propósito fundamental de esta investigación ha sido conocer la percepción del alumnado de los últimos cursos de Educación Primaria sobre el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos y de los materiales didácticos digitales en las aulas. Para ello, se ha empleado metodología descriptiva y cualitativa, aplicando la entrevista grupal como instrumento de recogida de datos. Dichas entrevistas han sido realizadas a 11 alumnos de 2 comunidades autónomas del estado español - Galicia y Comunidad Valenciana. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado sigue mostrando preferencia por el libro impreso, aunque al mismo tiempo están hiperconectados y familiarizados con el uso personal y académico de los dispositivos electrónicos. Algunas de las potencialidades y dificultades del uso de los materiales didácticos digitales también fueron identificadas, así como una serie de propuestas de mejora desde la perspectiva de los principales usuarios/as de los materiales didácticos digitales.
Grooved-gate silicon-on-nothing (SON) MOSFET: evidence for suppressing SCEs
Authors: Mishra Sikha , Mohanty Soumya S , Bhol Subhashree , Mishra Guru Prasad
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a simulation-based systematic characterization of a dual-metal-stack grooved-step-gate (DMS-GSG) silicon-on-nothing (SON) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with stack buried oxide (SBO) for restraining short-channel effects (SCEs). Comparison was done between silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and SON SBO grooved-gate (GG) MOSFETs to realize the feasibility of the presented structure. Analysis of thermal stability over a wide range of temperatures was carried out for better characterization of the proposed structure. Further, the impact of structural parameters such as the negative junction depth and the influence of the work-function difference on the threshold voltage, drain current and drain-induced barrier lowering were analyzed. The investigation revealed that the DMS-GSG SON MOSFET is more prominent than other GG SOI MOSFETs in terms of switching behavior, SCEs, hot-carrier effect, intrinsic gain and early voltage. Further, the presence of air in the SBO of the DMS-GSG SON MOSFET suppresses the self-heating effect. Thus, this in-depth investigation is relatively beneficial to find out the performance improvement of SON structures over SOI ones for nanoscale short-channel devices.
MASW survey to estimate the unit weight of municipal solid waste at a landfill in Brazil
Authors: Cirone Alessandro , Park Choon
Published: October 2019

Non-invasive and non-destructive geophysical methods, such as the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), can effectively provide useful information about the mechanical properties (stiffness and unit weight) of municipal solid waste (MSW), during and after landfill operation, for environmental monitoring and engineering analysis. This paper aims to address the results of a seismic survey performed at a sanitary landfill located 40 km north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to image shear-wave velocity profiles to a depth of about 20 m. Seismic data were collected using the MASW method, performing an active and passive combined survey. Shear-wave velocities were used to compute the in situ unit weight distribution of MSW according to the empirical model proposed by Zekkos et al. Results indicated a two-layer model in which the bottom high-velocity layer is stiffer and denser than the top low-velocity layer. Despite the fact that the unit weight appeared to be underestimated for the upper low-velocity layer, model predictions may be graded qualitatively as excellent and potentially more accurate with well-calibrated parameters.
Evaluation of the responses of institutions and actors to the 2015/2016 El Niño drought in the Komati catchment in Southern Africa: lessons to support future drought management
Authors: Sifundza LS , Van der Zaag P , Masih I
Published: October 2019

Future climate projections for Southern Africa indicate an increase in the severity of droughts. Drought preparedness and management are important in such regions to minimise impacts on people and the environment. The aim of this study was to explore the responses of different institutions and actors to the 2015/2016 drought in the Komati catchment, and, consequently, what these experiences imply for drought management in the future. This was done through in-depth interviews with 30 key actors in the study area, including farmers, engineers, water managers and weather services personnel. Additionally, we examined data on precipitation, streamflows, reservoir levels, publications and communications in media, and minutes of the Komati Joint Operation Forum (KJOF) meetings. The results indicate that, whereas scientific tools for water resources management and drought forecasting exist in the catchment, the information generated using the tools was not sufficiently utilised in water (re) allocation decision making. This can be explained by the indifference of many stakeholders to early warning information, and by the preference of stakeholders to secure farm water supplies to minimize socio-economic losses in the short term. This resulted in late implementation of drought measures, when the drought had already started. Most of the measures implemented (i.e. water rationing and intensified monitoring) only helped partially in the crisis situation and did not tackle the root causes of vulnerability of the water users, especially for farmers. From the 2015/2016 drought we learnt that pro-active drought management could be supported through developing a drought management plan that is endorsed by all actors. More efforts are needed to improve how weather forecast information is packaged, communicated, deliberated and used by institutions (e.g. KJOF) and end-users (e.g. farmers). Moreover, this case study demonstrates that learning from past drought events is useful for improving evidence-based tools, policies and practices for drought management.
Transport of pore-water oxygen with/without aeration in subsurface wastewater infiltration system
Authors: Wang Siqi , Li Yinghua , Li Haibo , Yang Lei
Published: October 2019

In this study, three subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) at different aeration were set up to study the transport of pore-water oxygen and quantify the amount of trapped gas. Bromide and dissolved oxygen were introduced into SWISs as partitioning tracer and non-partitioning tracer, respectively. A model named CXTFIT based on the convection diffusion equation was used to describe the shape of breakthrough curves for bromide and dissolved air in column experiments. In CXTFIT code, the parameter β obtained from the bromide test ranging from 0.2940 to 0.7600 indicates that the physical non-equilibrium model was relatively suitable for dissolved air transport. Retardation factors obtained by CXTFIT code indicate 2–20% porosity filled with gas. Tracing the transport of air and determining the percentage of porosity filled with trapped gas has lain a foundation for further study on gas clogging in SWISs.
Assessment of straight and meandering furrow irrigation strategies under different inflow rates
Authors: Sayari S , Rahimpour M , Zounemat-Kermani M
Published: October 2019

This paper reports the effect of straight furrow (SF) and meandering furrow (MF) irrigation strategies, as well as inflow rate, on infiltration and hydraulic parameters including advance time, recession time, and runoff hydrograph. The performance of SF and MF irrigation in terms of runoff ratio, deep percolation, and application efficiency was evaluated in 6 furrow fields at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. The required data were collected from the farm, consisting of free drainage furrows with length 70 m, top width 0.8 m, depth 0.25 m, and slope 0.2%. The advance and recession times were significantly longer in MF than SF irrigation. The infiltration was estimated by Lewis-Kostiakov equation. The infiltration coefficients were calculated: The values of k were higher and of a were lower in MF furrows than in SF furrows. The average runoff ratio and application efficiency for the SF irrigation events were 50.53% and 49.07%, respectively, while those of the MF irrigation events were 7.04% and 52.94%, respectively. Based on the results, the velocity of water advance in MF irrigation is decreased and, thus, the runoff, erosion losses, mass of fertilizer lost and surface water contamination were reduced. Using a lower inflow rate and appropriate irrigation time leads to better management outcomes in irrigation systems.
Kombine flaş ikili jeotermal santrali ve entegre hidrojen üretim sisteminin yaşam döngü maliyet analizi
Authors: YILMAZ Ceyhun
Published: October 2019

 Bu

çalışmanın amacı, hidrojen üretiminde jeotermal enerjinin kullanımı için

bilgisayar ortamında termodinamik olarak modellenen bir sistemin kapsamlı bir

şekilde termodinamik ve ekonomik yöntemler yardımıyla incelenmesi, optimize

edilmesi ve yaşam döngü maliyet analizinin yapılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada sıvı bir

jeotermal kaynak elektrik üretimlinde kullanılmış ve bu elektrik elektroliz

ünitesinde suyun hidrojen ve oksijene parçalanmasında, iş girdisi olarak

kullanılmıştır. Gerekli termodinamik kabuller yapılarak, sistem bilgisayar

ortamında bir simülasyon programıyla çalıştırıldığında jeotermal güç

çevriminden elde edilen maksimum net iş 8063 kW’tır. Üretilen bu elektriğin

birim enerji maliyeti 0,0107 $/kWh. Üretilen elektriğin doğrudan elektroliz

ünitesinde hidrojen üretilmesi için kullanılması ile sistemden üretilen

hidrojenin debisi 0,053 kg/s olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretilen hidrojenin birim

maliyeti ise 2.767 $/kg H2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sistemin yaşam

döngü maliyet analizi sonucunda, Net Bugünkü Değeri (NPV) 35.340.000 $ olarak

hesaplanmıştır. Levelize edilmiş yıllık maliyet metodu ile seviyelendirilmiş

yıllık maliyeti ise (LAC) 3.395.000 $/yr olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sistemin basit

geri ödeme süresi (Nsbp) 4.047 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır.

İndirgenmiş geri ödeme süresi ise (Ndbp) 5.442 yıl olarak

hesaplanmıştır.
Mehmet Tevfik Bey’in 1917 Yılı Verilerine Göre Hendek Orman Fidanlığı Raporu ve Önemi
Authors: KILIÇ Erhan , YILMAZ Mustafa
Published: October 2019

1916 yılında yabancı uzmanların öncülüğünde kurulan Hendek (Sakarya) Fidanlığı dönemin Orman Genel Müdürü Mehmet Tevfik Bey tarafından 1917 yılında ziyaret edilmiştir. Mehmet Tevfik Bey, Hendek Orman Fidanlığı’nı örnek alarak ve başka yerlerde tesis edilecek fidanlıklara altlık olması amacıyla ayrıntılı bir rapor düzenlemiştir. Orman Mektebi Alisi Mecmuasında yayınlanan ve ormancılık tarihimiz açısından önemli bir yere sahip bu raporda, fidanlık kuruluşu, gerekli alet-edevat ile tüm iş ve işlemler için maliyet hesapları yapılmıştır. Raporda, altı farklı üretim varsayımına göre karaçam ve meşe fidanları için üretim maliyet analizleri çıkarılmıştır. Mehmet Tevfik Bey, maliyet hesaplamalarında farklı seçenekleri dikkate almıştır. Bugün dahi genellikle ihmal edilen ihtimallere göre karar vermeyi önemsemiş ve muhtemel maliyet aralığını hesaplamıştır. Çalışmada, örnek gösterilen bir hektarlık fidanlık kuruluş harcamaları ve fidan üretim maliyetleri günümüz birim fiyatlarına göre tekrardan irdelenmiştir. Bugünkü karaçam ve meşe fidanı üretim tekniğiyle, rapor dönemi üretim yaklaşımı karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 1917 yılı kuruluş ve üretim maliyetlerinin 2019 yılı maliyetlerine yakın olduğu, üretim tekniklerinde de birçok bakımdan benzediği anlaşılmaktadır.
Introduction of the world’s first malaria vaccine in Malawi: World Health Organization
Authors: SHRİVASTAVA Saurabh , SHRİVASTAVA Prateek
Published: October 2019

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İnguinal mesane hernisi ile eş zamanlı kontralateral üreteral herniasyon: Nadir bir olgu
Authors: AYDIN Mehmet Erhan , YEŞİLOVA Arda , ŞEFİK Ertuğrul , BASMACI İsmail , ÇELİK Serdar , CEYLAN Yasin , YONGUÇ Tarık , BOLAT Deniz , DEĞİRMENCİ Tansu
Published: October 2019

İnguinal mesane herniasyonu nadir
olmakla birlikte tüm inguinal hernili olguların %1-4’ünde görülmektedir.
Üreterin inguinal herniasyonu ise daha nadir bir durumdur ve literatürde 2009
yılına kadar yaklaşık 140 olgu bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda solda daha belirgin
olmak üzere her iki skrotal bölgesinde şişlik nedenli kliniğimize başvuran
hastaya konan mesane ve üreter herniasyonu olgusu sunulmuş olup literatür
eşliğinde tartışılmaktadır.
Velocity Structure at the Source Physics Experiment Phase I Site Obtained with the Large‐N Array Data
Authors: Chen Ting , Snelson Catherine M. , Mellors Robert
Published: October 2019

The Source Physics Experiment (SPE) consists of a series of chemical explosions at the Nevada National Security Site. The goal of the SPE is to understand and model seismic‐wave generation and propagation from these explosions. To achieve this goal, we need an accurate velocity model of the SPE site. A large‐N seismic array deployed at the SPE site during one of the chemical explosions (SPE‐5) provides great data for this purpose. The array consists of 996 geophones and covers an area of approximately 2×2.5  km. In addition to the SPE‐5 explosion, the array recorded 53 large weight drops. Using the large‐N seismic array recordings, we perform first‐arrival analysis and obtain a 2D P‐wave velocity model of the SPE site. We image a sharp transition from high‐velocity Cretaceous granite to low‐velocity Quaternary alluvium. Other geological units such as the Tertiary volcanic rocks and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks are also clearly shown. The results of this work provide important local geological information and will be incorporated into the larger 3D modeling effort of the SPE program to validate the predictive models developed for the site.
Created customer value by different trade formats of fast-moving consumer goods in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Sobczyk Genowefa , Krykavskyy Yevhen , Hlynskyy Nazar
Published: October 2019

Theoretical background: The main components of costumer value are the product, brand and image, personnel relationships and service activities, and offer availability. In retail, the important attributes of the products on sale are their range, price and terms of sale, relevant proximity and the benefit of obtaining, which includes spatial accessibility, emotional offer and time value. Modern trade solutions have created a wide range of opportunities for the client to facilitate access to the product offer through the introduction of various trading formats. The trade format should be understood as various concepts of retail outlet activity, which includes the formation of their infrastructure, immediate environment and the organisation of the sale of goods.

Purpose of the article: The goal of the article is to classify the factors that create customer value using various formats of retail trade in consumer goods in the Ukrainian and Polish markets.

Research methods: The following methods were used in this research: the abstract and logical method was used for generalising the theory and formulating conclusions; secondary research and survey were used for identifying the trends and patterns of efficiency in the studied factors; and the graphical method was used for visualising the results of the research.

Main findings: In certain formats of sales points, the value for the customers is the breadth of the choice of goods and their quality, location and speed of purchase, the benefits arising from the level of prices and promotions, the service level and the general climate of the time offered by a store. The availability and possibility of goods choice has formed certain trends and customer habits among the buyers of consumer goods who are showing a preference for large purchases in hypermarkets and discount stores, supplementing purchases in specialised stores and only infrequently (in the Polish version) in markets/bazaars.
The effect of a neuroprotective dose of isatin or deprenyl to mice on the profile of brain isatin-binding proteins
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Kapitsa I.G. , Ivanova E.A. , Kopylov A.T. , Zgoda V.G. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: October 2019

Isatin (indol-2,3-dione), an endogenous biofactor found in the brain, peripheral tissues and biological body fluids of humans and animals, exhibits a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. They are realized via interaction with numerous isatin-binding proteins. Some of these proteins identified during proteomic profiling of the brain are involved in the development of neurodegenerative pathology. In the context of the neuroprotective effect, the effect of isatin is comparable to the effects of deprenyl (selegiline), a pharmacological agent used for treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we have investigated the effect of a single dose administration of isatin (100 mg/kg) and deprenyl (10 mg/kg) to mice on the profile of the brain isatin-binding proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis of brain isatin-binding proteins of mice treated with isatin or deprenyl resulted in identification of a representative group of proteins (n=200) sensitive to the administration of these substances. The change in the profile of isatin-binding proteins may be obviously attributed to accumulation of isatin and deprenyl in the brain and their interaction with target proteins; this prevents protein binding to the affinity sorbent. Thus identified brain isatin-binding proteins of the control animals obviously represent specific targets that interact directly with isatin (and also with deprenyl) in vivo. Isatin or deprenyl administered to animals interact with these proteins and thus inhibit their binding to the affinity sorbent (immobilized isatin analogue).
Non-Graphitizing Carbon: Its Structure and Formation from Organic Precursors
Authors: Harris P.J.F.
Published: October 2019

Non-graphitizing carbon, or char, has been intensively studied for decades, but there is still no agreement about its detailed atomic structure. The first models for graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons were proposed by Rosalind Franklin in the early 1950s, and while these are correct in a broad sense, they are incomplete. Subsequent models also fail to explain fully the structure of non-graphitizing carbons. The discovery of the fullerenes and related structures stimulated the present author and others to put forward models which incorporate non-hexagonal rings into hexagonally-bonded sp2 carbon networks, creating a microporous structure made up of highly curved fragments. However, this model has not been universally accepted. This paper reviews the models that have been put forward for non-graphitizing carbon and outlines the evidence for a fullerene-like structure. This evidence comes from transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the influence of precursor chemistry on the structure of graphitizing and non-graphitizing carbons is discussed. It is well established that carbonization of oxygen–containing precursors tends to produce non-graphitizing carbons. This may be explained by the fact that the removal of oxygen from a hexagonal carbon network can result in the formation of pentagonal carbon rings.
Concomitant Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy and Squamous Lung Cancer-induced Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis
Authors: Fateh Hamid Reza , Khoshnevisan Alireza , Meshkini Mina , Heidari Aidin
Published: October 2019

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastases (ISCMs) are rare, especially in squamous non-small cell lung cancer simultaneous with Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN); diagnosing these phenomena may be challenging. We report a 56-year-old man presenting with rapidly symmetrical progressive ascending weakness and paresthesia, especially in lower extremities, urinary and fecal incontinence, without any pain or respiratory symptoms. Thoracic spine MRI with and without gadolinium revealed an enhancing intramedullary lesion at the T3-T5 level. Chest CT discovered subpleural pulmonary lesion. The result lung biopsy was consistent with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and electrodiagnosis noted severe axonal loss in motor and sensory studies with significant membrane instability and neurogenic findings in electromyography. After 8 months, the patient received just one cycle of chemotherapy and died 6 months later. AMSAN was associated with ISCM of nonsmall cell lung cancer in this case, who has not been previously reported in the literature.
Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Pazooki Behshad , Sherafati Alborz
Published: October 2019

Pulmonary embolism is a serious complication occurring in different cancers. Patients who have cancer may have complications like brain metastasis or pericardial effusion, which may change the therapeutic management of pulmonary embolism. In this article, a patient is presented with lung adenocarcinoma resulting in pericardial effusion. He was admitted with pulmonary embolism and atrial flutter, which made his management difficult.
Simultaneous Volvulus of Transverse Colon and Cecum in a Patient With Down Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Babaniamansour Sepideh , Aliniagerdroudbari Ehsan , Bagherpour Ghasem , Kheiry Forough
Published: October 2019

Volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and occurs mostly in sigmoid colon and cecum. It is more common in patients with Down syndrome. In this condition, it is even more challenging to diagnose the cause of intestinal obstruction through history and physical examination alone. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in this condition to prevent serious side effects. Simultaneous volvulus is a sporadic case in the surgical entity. We report a very rare case of simultaneous volvulus of cecum and transverse colon, its management, and outcomes in a 20-year-old known case of Down syndrome.
Non-Requirement to Blood Transfusion in a Patient With Myelodysplastic Syndrome Following the Oral Administration of β-D-Mannuronic Acid: A Case Report
Authors: Ghaderi Afshin , Safaee Nodehi Sayyed Reza , Bakhtiary Tahereh , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: October 2019

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) is a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms that causes cytopenia and dysplasia in one or more major bone marrow cell lines. The patients with this syndrome develop clinical complications associated with progressive bone marrow destruction leading to an increased risk for acute myelogenous leukemia. In the treatment of this syndrome, repeated infusion of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) may lead to iron overload, which is associated with a reduction in the survival rate of patients. In this paper, we report a case with MDS whose risk of dependence on blood transfusion was interstitial and received 4 units of packed RBCs once every 4 weeks. He had enrolled in our current clinical trial of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) in Iranian MDS patients. This 68-year-old man was treated with M2000, 500-mg capsule every 12 hours for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, he experienced a non-requirement to blood transfusion following a hemoglobin increase of more than 2.5 g/dL in his blood sample. Moreover, the patient’s life quality was improved. This case report showed that M2000 drug might be an effective treatment for transfusiondependent MDS patients (Clinical trial identifier; IRCT20130622013739N11).
Cutaneous Metastasis of Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Nazar Elham , Ghanadan Alireza
Published: October 2019

The metastasis to respiratory system secondary to chondrosarcoma is a common finding; however, metastasis to other organs such as skin or bones is much less common. In the current report, we described a case with the history of chondrosarcoma of the mandible that recently referred with the metastatic lesions in her scalp skin. Our case is a female patient that its secondary metastasis occurred only 4 months after her initial tumor diagnosis. More interestingly, among all baseline laboratory parameters, only inflammatory biomarkers increased as the nonspecific diagnostic indices. In other words, the accurate diagnosis of metastasis to bone following chondrosarcoma may be delayed and even masked with early inflammatory reactions. On the whole, in all patients who suffer from chondrosarcoma, early metastasis to skin or bones should be considered, especially when inflammatory indices are high
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Pakzad Bahram , Bahrani Sayide , Sadeghi Somayeh , Mousavi Maryam , Ramezani Saba , Karimzade Hadi
Published: October 2019

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which rarely presents with pulmonary artery aneurysm. This report presents a 51-year-old female, known case of SLE for 20 years, presented with dyspnea, productive cough, and hemoptysis. The patient was diagnosed as having a pulmonary artery aneurysm, and managed with medical therapy and follow up instead of surgery.
Removing the Effect of Hemodynamic Response Function in Joint Factorization of EEG and fMRI Datasets
Authors: Mosayebi Raziyeh , Hossein-Zadeh Gholam-Ali
Published: October 2019

Purpose: One of the most well-known multimodality techniques is the integration of EEG and fMRI datasets. Convolution of EEG signals with hemodynamic response function is one of the most important methods to consider the effect of HRF in the fusion of EEG and fMRI data. However, the latencies and amplitudes of ERPs and fMRI spatial components are affected by the low pass filtering effect of HRF in each trial. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we have proposed a new method based on Advanced Coupled Matrix Tensor Factorization model to jointly factorize the EEG tensor and fMRI matrix while we simultaneously remove the effect of HRF through decomposition of fMRI dataset. Results: Applying the proposed method to an auditory oddball paradigm of simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording, the well-known ERP of oddball paradigm and the corresponding fMRI spatial maps are estimated. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that our proposed approach is strongly capable of extracting the ERPs and their corresponding fMRI spatial components, while simultaneously estimates the trial to trial variations of these factors with accurate amplitude and latency in each trial.
Intermediating the Effect of Inter-Stimuli Interval in Repetition Suppression of Face Images among Adults with High and Low Levels of Autistic-Like Traits
Authors: Maleki-Karamolah Somayeh , Sohrabi Ahmad , Kordestani-Moghadam Parastou
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by pervasive symptoms, as in DSM-V. It is identified and associated with a number of atypicalities, including difﬁculties in face memory, centralized interest, and abnormal body movements. Individuals high in ASD show problems in face processing, gaze, and expression that arise from inappropriate brain functioning in social behaviors and communication skills. When a sensory stimulus is repeated, the excited neural signal is always smaller than its first observation. This phenomenon has been observed for many sensory states and stimuli using different methods. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the repression of facial image reproduction with the mediating role of time in adults with low and high autism-like traits. This research was carried out with a quantitative method approach in the form of a descriptive design in two groups with low and high ASD. For this purpose, the autism spectrum quotient, cognitive task for suppressing repetitive face images, and EEG were used. The sample consisted of 30 male undergraduate and postgraduate students aged between 18 and 35. Results: As a result, the research findings showed a significant statistical difference between the two groups with low and high ASD in terms of cognitive and EEG correlates in suppressing the repetition of facial images. Specifically, an interactive effect of time (short or long intervals), consistency of stimuli (repeated or not), and autism spectrum (high or low) was significant (F1, 28 = 4.53, p = 0.04). This was indexed by a lack of N2 and P3 in those with high compared to low ASD. Conclusion: The possible insensitivities to repetition might be due to unused extra neural resources in high ASD, close to brain areas involved in face processing.
Studying the Distinction between Emotions in fMRI Data by Using Temporal Network Theory
Authors: Ghahari Shabnam , Fatemizadeh Emad , Motie Nasrabadi Ali
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Our purpose in this study was to investigate the distinction between emotional states and the performance of the brain during different feelings by using temporal network theory. Materials and Methods: For investigating the distinction between emotions, we chose functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired during the display of an emotional audio-movie. In order to derive dynamic functional connectivity and create time-graphlets, we used spatial distance method and for studying the features of the temporal network, we applied different temporal network measures. Results: Considering statistical comparisons, two global measures of temporal efficiency and reachability latency showed a significant difference between at least one pair of emotional states and we observed different meaningful regions in each temporal centrality measure. Conclusion: The results of this analytic method showed that the brain network pattern during the expression of different emotional states is different compared to one another and also varies through time.
Cortical and Subcortical Structural Segmentation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zamani Jafar , Sadr Ali , Javadi Amir-Homayoun
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that begins before clinical symptoms emerge. Amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Amyloid-beta plaques deposition is associated with increased hippocampal volume loss. The tissue volume measures reflect multiple underlying pathologies contributing to neurodegeneration, of which are the most characteristics of AD. Anatomical atrophy, as evidenced using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is one of the most validated, easily accessible and widely used biomarkers of AD. Measurements of whole brain and hippocampal atrophy rates from serial structural MRI are potential markers of the underlying neuroaxonal damage and disease progression in AD. In this study, we extract automatically subcortical brain structures in AD and control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study we used 20 images (10 AD patients and 10 controls) taken from the Minimal Interval Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease (MIRIAD) dataset. We obtained volumes of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), White Matter (WM), Grey Matter (GM), brain hemispheres, cerebellum and brainstem using volBrain pipeline. Subcortical brain structure segments and related volumes and label maps information were extracted. We compared left and right sides of some of the important brain area in AD for obtaining a biomarker with brain atrophy. Amygdala, caudate and hippocampus have shown to be undergone atrophy in AD. Results: We provided volume information of some intracranial areas such as brain hemispheres, cerebellum and brainstem. Conclusion: The results showed smaller hippocampal volume in AD patients compared to the controls. In addition to hippocampus, similar atrophy is also observable in amygdala and caudate.
Quantification of ASL Perfusion MRI in MCI Patients Using Single-Post Labeling Delay Model-Fitting Approach
Authors: Samadi Fardin , Zamani Jafar , Kalantari Soroor , Mobarak Salari Hanieh , Salighehrad Hamidreza
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Neuroimaging techniques hold many promises to detect Alzheimer Disease (AD) at early stages before clinical symptoms fully develop, suggesting decreased regional Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). Perfusion deficiencies are present from very early clinical phases of AD, i.e. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and persist well into the latest stages, demonstrating a pattern of increased hypo-perfusion with the disease development. Accurate quantification such as quantification model and noise reduction method is necessary to achievement of good results in insufficient Post Labeling Delay (PLD) time. Materials and Methods: Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique to extract brain regional CBF, which in recent years gained wide acceptance for its value in clinical and neuroscience applications. In the present work, 44 participants in 2 groups were imaged (normal control and MCI) using single-Post Label Delay (single-PLD) model-fitting ASL Perfusion at 1.5T. Images were de-noised with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm and then preprocessing such as motion correction, distortion correction, normalization, and tissue segmentation analyzed with SPM12. Calibration image that needed to calculate absolute perfusion was estimated from the data by fitting a curve to the control images in the dataset. Absolute CBF values were finally extracted from the kinetic model quantification. Results: Perfusion decreases in the right precuneus (28%), right inferior partial cortex (22%) and right middle frontal cortex (20%) cortex in MCI subjects. Conclusion: According to the results, ASL-MRI is able to calculate perfusion changes associated with MCI.
The Evaluation of the Brain Alterations in Epileptic Patients Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mobarak Salari Hanieh , Sodaei Forough , Zamani Jafar , Samadi Khoshe Mehr Fardin , Salighehrad Hamidreza
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the brain alterations in epileptic patients and normal adults in order to help differential diagnosis using volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The study case group included 11 subjects, 6 patients of whom with focal and secondary generalized seizures and 5 of whom were healthy people as a control group. Measurements and evaluations of the brain important regions were performed with volBrain software within 4 different pipelines. Results: Statistical results showed that the significant quantitative assessments were observed in the areas as follows: right Hippocampus (P-value<0.05), right cerebellar (P-value<0.1), thalamus Asymmetry (Pvalue<0.1), right CA1 (P-value<0.1), left SR-SL-SM (P-value<0.1), right subiculum (P-value<0.1), left cerebellum cortical thickness (P-value<0.05) and some cerebellar lobules. Conclusion: Structural MRI demonstrated significant brain alterations in epileptic subjects comparing normal adults. Assessment of brain lesions did not show any defect in Brain which implies that patients have disappearing lesions caused by seizures. Significant quantitative assessments were shown in the right lobule III, lobule IX mean cortical thickness, right cerebellum grey matter, right hippocampus and right cerebellar areas
The Effect of Eight-Week Combined Exercise Training Program with Sweet Almond Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Leptin and Orexin in Overweight Women
Authors: Afkhami Farideh , Fattahi Bafghi Abbas , Abbasi Bafghi Hamid
Published: October 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week combined exercise training program with sweet almond supplementation on plasma levels of leptin and orexin in overweight women. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population consisted of 60 overweight women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2 who were randomly divided into four groups of training, training-sweet almond supplement, supplement, and control. The participants participated in three training sessions weekly and consumed sweet almond supplementation for eight consecutive weeks. The participants' blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first session and after the last session, in a 12-hour fasting state. Liptin concentrations were measured using Pishtaz Teb Inc. kits. Orexin levels were determined through enzymatic method using the Virro Inc. kit. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to analyze the inter- and intra-group variance. The overall alpha significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all the statistical analyses. Results: Eight weeks of combined exercise training with sweet almond supplementation Showed a significant reduces in serum level leptin concentration and increased the plasma orexin levels. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study It can be used from combined training and sweet almonds to reduce appetite and lose weight in overweight women.
Monitoring the Freshness of Rainbow Trout Using Intelligent PH-sensitive Indicator During Storage
Authors: Rastiani Fatemeh , Jebali Ali , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyed Hossein , Khalili Sadrabad Elham , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme , Dehghani-Tafti Arefeh
Published: October 2019

Background: The rainbow trout fish is susceptible to spoilage due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. It should be kept at low temperature to reduce microbial, enzymatic, and oxidation reactions. The purpose of this study was to design a packaging that contains a pH indicator for monitoring freshness of the rainbow trout fish during storage at refrigerator. Methods: The indicator contained agarose as the carrier, bromocresol green as pH indicator, and silica as surface provider. It was covered by polypropylene film and attached inside the package. Freshness of the trout stored in the refrigerator was assessed by chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen and pH) and microbiological (total viable count) methods. Results: The pH of fish gradually decreased after the third day since color of the indicator changed from yellow to green on day 3 and then to blue on day 6. The indicator's response was correlated with changes in the microbial population and also with levels of total volatile basic nitrogen and pH. The results showed that the designed indicator was sensitive to different pH levels and could be applied as part of the intelligent packaging system. Conclusion: The freshness indicator worked well before the expiry date of fish, which makes it suitable for food quality assessment. So, this indicator can be used for real-time monitoring of packaged fish freshness.
Combined Effect of Chitosan-Based Edible Film Containing Oregano Essential Oil on the Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh Chicken Meat
Authors: Karimnezhad Fatemeh , Razavilar Vadood , Anvar AmirAli , Dashtgol Shahrzad , Pilehvar Zavareh Atefeh
Published: October 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan coatings, oregano essential oil, and their combination on microbial quality of chicken fillet during 12 days in refrigerator temperature. Methods: Oregano oil was extracted by water distillation and then different concentrations of oregano oil (1% and 2%) were used for film preparation. Microbiological tests were carried out on the chicken fillet samples stored in 4 °C at different intervals including days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Results: Treated groups with chitosan and oregano oil affected the increase rate of aerobic plate counts, coliform counts, and total psychrophilic counts significantly compared to the control group across the entire storage period (P < 0.05). Chitosan-based edible film containing oregano oil inhibited microbial growth on chicken fillet. Microbial populations were reduced by 2.14-3.53 log CFU/g in groups treated with chitosan and oregano oil. Our results revealed that incorporation of oregano essential oil at 2% concentration had the highest inhibitory effect on spoilage microorganisms in coated chicken fillet during 12 days of storage at refrigerator. Conclusion: Generally, application of oregano essential oil at 2% concentration had the potential to enhance safety and shelf-life of chicken fillet.