bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Letters from Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg to Pavel Malinovsky as a Historical Source
Authors: Kuzmin Sergius L. , von Ungern-Sternberg Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Letters from Baron R.F. von Ungern-Sternberg, well-known general of the White forces in Russian Civil war and national liberation movement of Mongols in the beginning of the 20th Century, to Officer P.P. Malinovsky are published, translated and discussed. They contain interesting data on Pan-Mongolian plans in 1918, information on the plans of unification of Mongolian people in the Inner and Outer Mongolia, their integration with the Buryat-Mongols, as well as with the Kyrgyz (=Kazakh), Manchus and Tibetans, as well as on the plans of consolidation of the control of the Ataman G.M. Semenov’s forces in Transbaikalia.
北京話清入字歸調的內部演化視角
Authors: Wang Hongzhi
Published: December 2016

This paper analyzes the re-classification of the Ru tone with voiceless initials in Beijing dialect from the perspective of internal development. The main factors that cause the Ru tone to change into four different unchecked tones are the laryngealization feature accompanying the loss of stop endings and the rotary change of high and low in the unchecked tones.

本文從內部音變的角度重新闡釋北京話清入歸派現象，認為清入字韻尾消失後對音節發聲形成的緊喉音色，以及北京話聲調調值的高低環流變化是造成清入字派入四聲的原因。(This article is in Chinese.)
再論 “陰出陽收” —— 從語言接觸的角度看
Authors: Shi Menghui
Published: December 2016

This paper provides an explanation for yinchuyangshou 陰出陽收 in Duquxuzhi 度曲須知 written by Shen Chongsui 沈寵綏 in the Ming Dynasty. Based on the reconstruction, we propose that yinchuyangshou is designed to help speakers of the Wu dialects to learn the sound feature [voiceless fricative] in Mandarin. This explanation not only reflects the contact between Mandarin and Wu dialects, but is also in keeping with the acoustic analysis of xia 匣 initial in the modern Suzhou dialect.

本文主要認為沈寵綏《度曲須知》中所謂“陰出陽收”之概念，是要求吳人在唱曲時，注意某些字需要向當時已經發生濁音清化、並有“平送仄不送”的北方官話學習[清擦音]的特徵，這是“陰出”；而“陽收”則是指保持吳語本有陽平聲調的發音特性。“陰出陽收”和吳語的“清音濁流”關係不大。文章從沈氏論著的內部證據出發，按照其標注體系的一致性，結合現代語音學的分類，歸納出630個例字在北方話中都含有[清擦音]的統一聲學特徵。又從今蘇州方言的角度出發，通過歷時比較，證明了這種觀點。最後分析了蘇州方言匣母字的歷時變化，認為“陰出陽收”與今蘇州部分匣母 [hɦ] 的讀音有關，是一種人為的語言接觸，明朝中葉蘇州方言的匣母字應該就是吳語的原生一分類型 [ɦ]。(This article is in Chinese.)
西夏韻書分轉所反映的複聲母與韻母系統
Authors: Zhengzhang Shangfang
Published: December 2016

The reconstruction of Tangut pronunciation has been advanced by several scholars. Gong Hwang-cherng’s reconstruction is even more outstanding. His remarkable insight is that the third and the fourth class (děng) belonging to different rhymes have the same reconstruction. However, his Tangut reconstruction, with few consonant clusters, resembles Loloish rather than Qiangic. The present study puts forward that the Tangut rhyme dictionaries with 105 rhymes were made by simulating Chinese rhyme dictionaries. The six monophthongs “i, ɯ, u, e, a, o” and the two diphthongs “eu, ou” form eight broad rhyme groups (shè). The first class has no (or -0) medial; the second class the -r medial; the third and the fourth classes the -j medial. A class is divided into four turns (zhuǎn): the first turn (R1-60) has the zero, nasal or w- pre-initial; the second turn (R61-75) has the l-, s- or x- pre-initial; the third turn (R76-98) has the r- pre-initial (similar to M. V. Sofronov’s proposal); the fourth turn (R99-105) is for further supplements. The author reconstructs phonetic values for the rhymes of each turn. Hereby, the system of the consonant clusters in Tangut can be regularly reconstructed according to the phonological records in the rhyme dictionaries. This solution is further supported by observations on some languages related to Qiangic. When we compare several cognates and morphological changes in the Horpa language, we can see some items similar to the present reconstruction.

西夏文擬音經海內外諸家研究已經取得很大成就，龔煌城先生的系統更為出色，三四等不同韻而擬音相同尤為高見。惜複輔音擬得太少，以致面貌不像羌語支語言而像彝語。本文提出西夏韻書分105韻乃依傍漢語等韻，本六元音i、ɯ、u、e、a、o加eu、ou合為八攝，依聲母墊尾性質分一等 -∅、二等 -r、三四等 -j，各攝元音重複迴環再分為四轉。分轉所據不是韻母元音本身區別，乃兼顧前接聲母的冠音區別：1轉（R1-60）為∅- 冠、鼻冠、w- 冠，2轉（R61-75）為l-、s-、x- 冠，3轉（R76-98）為r- 冠（蘇敏也曾提r-），4轉（R99-105擴至七韻）補遺特讀。並為每轉各韻具體擬音。據此西夏語複輔音系統可按韻書音韻地位有規律恢復。此乃觀察羌語支近緣語言所得結果，試比較西夏近緣的道孚等語言同源詞與語法變化，可看到與以上擬音相近似的變化。(This article is in Chinese.)
Key to Plecoptera nymphs from the Brazilian Amazon (Insecta)
Authors: RIBEIRO JOSÉ MOACIR FERREIRA , GORAYEB INOCÊNCIO DE SOUSA
Published: December 2016

Nymphs of 22 species of Plecoptera from the Brazilian Amazon are keyed and illustrated to enhance their usefulness as water quality indicator taxa. Four described species of Anacroneuria, two species of Macrogynoplax, and two species of Enderleina have been associated with adults: Anacroneuria marlieri, A. manauensis, A. minuta, A. singularis, M. delicata, M. pulchra, E. froehlichi, and E. flinti. Nymphs of 14 additional morphospecies not yet associated with adults are included. Characters of the head, pronotum, mesonotum, and metanotum are used to distinguish late instar nymphs.
Four subgenera of Bracon Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) newly recorded from China, with description of five new species
Authors: LI YANG , HE JUN-HUA , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: December 2016

Four subgenera of the genus Bracon Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) are newly reported to China, i.e., Ophthalmobracon Tobias, 1957; Orientobracon Tobias, 2000; Punctobracon Papp, 1996; and Sculptobracon Tobias, 1961. Six species are recognized, including five new species, B. (Ophthalmobracon) elevatus sp. nov., B. (Orientobracon) maculaverticalis sp. nov., B. (Orientobracon) laticanaliculatus sp. nov., B. (Punctobracon) rhyacioniainus sp. nov. and B. (Sculptobracon) obsoletus sp. nov., which are described and illustrated. Keys to the newly recorded Chinese subgenera and species are provided.
Trends in CMIP5 Rainfall Patterns over Southwestern Australia
Authors: Raut Bhupendra A. , Reeder Michael J. , Jakob Christian
Published: December 2016

Previous work has shown that the sharp fall in winter rainfall over coastal southwestern Australia in the 1970s was mainly due to a fall in the frequency of fronts; the gradual reduction in rainfall since the late 1990s was due to a reduction in the number of light-rain days; and the increased inland summer rainfall in the 1970s was due to an increased number of easterly troughs. The current paper extends this earlier work by identifying the rainfall patterns in the region in 14 CMIP5 models for the period 1980–2005 and by calculating how these patterns are projected to change in the twenty-first century. The patterns are identified using k-means clustering of the rainfall, which are validated against observed rainfall clusters. Although the agreement between the models and the observation is generally good, the models underestimate the frequency of raining fronts. In both representative concentration pathway 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios the number of dry days increases significantly at the expense of light-rain days and frontal rainfall. However, these trends are twice as large in the RCP8.5 scenario as in the RCP4.5 scenario. The reduction in the rainfall from the historical period to the second half of the twenty-first century is produced mainly by a reduction in both the frequency and intensity of light rain and a reduction in the frequency of fronts in the westerlies.
Spatial Interpolation of Daily Precipitation in a High Mountainous Watershed Based on Gauge Observations and a Regional Climate Model Simulation
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Yang Hanbo , Yang Dawen , Qin Yue , Gao Bing , Cong Zhentao
Published: December 2016

Precipitation is a primary climate forcing factor in catchment hydrology, and its spatial distribution is essential for understanding the spatial variability of ecohydrological processes in a catchment. In mountainous areas, meteorological stations are generally too sparse to represent the spatial distribution of precipitation. This study develops a spatial interpolation method that combines meteorological observations and regional climate model (RCM) outputs. The method considers the precipitation–elevation relationship in the mountain region and the topographic effects, especially the mountain blocking effect. Furthermore, using this method, this study produced a 3-km-resolution precipitation dataset from 1960 to 2014 in the middle and upper reaches of the Heihe River basin located on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Cross validation based on the station observations showed that this method is reasonable. The rationality of the interpolated precipitation data was also evaluated by the catchment water balances using the observed river discharge and the actual evapotranspiration based on remote sensing. The interpolated precipitation data were compared with the China Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Analysis product and the RCM output and was shown to be optimal. The results showed that the proposed method effectively used the information from the meteorological observations and the RCM simulations and provided the spatial distributions of daily precipitations with reasonable accuracy and high resolution, which is important for a distributed hydrological simulation at the catchment scale.
TEACHING ABOUT OBJECTS
Authors: Bynum Caroline Walker
Published: December 2016

As part of a series of case studies titled “In the Humanities Classroom,” this contribution reports in detail on the initial class taught by the author in the spring of 2015, during her time at Princeton University as a visiting lecturer in art history. By presenting students with three sets of devotional materials—two papier-mâché medallions painted by nuns at the convent of Wienhausen in northern Germany on the eve of the Reformation; a n'kisi n'kondi figure from the Yombe group of Kongo peoples in the nineteenth-century; and a description, taken from Marilynne Robinson's novel Gilead, of a child baptizing kittens with creek water—the instructor raises questions about how materials convey holiness and influence viewers or worshippers. She prods history and literature students, both graduate and undergraduate, to take physical objects seriously as evidence, and she challenges those in art history to study objects and also texts normally regarded as outside of their purview.
RABBINIC SUBJECTIVITY
Authors: Rosen Shlomo Dov
Published: December 2016

This article argues that the religious epistemology of the rabbinic tradition, which preserves and respects multiple perspectives in intellectual debate, is best understood in comparison to the definitions of truth proposed by philosophical pragmatists, in particular William James and W. V. Quine, and in contrast to those of philosophical liberals, in particular J. S. Mill. Both the rabbis and the pragmatists emphasize the harmony that innovation must maintain with extant webs of meaning. Conceptions of objectivity and subjectivity in Jewish medieval rationalism and in early modern mysticism are considered and compared with those of latter-day European and American epistemology. This article makes a case for a fundamentally pluralistic conception of truth and argues that it is exemplified in the social interaction of the talmudic sages.
Mohawk transcription factor regulates homeostasis of the periodontal ligament
Authors: Koda Naoki , Sato Tempei , Shinohara Masahiro , Ichinose Shizuko , Ito Yoshiaki , Nakamichi Ryo , Kayama Tomohiro , Kataoka Kensuke , Suzuki Hidetsugu , Moriyama Keiji , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: December 2016

The periodontal ligament (PDL), which connects the teeth to the alveolar bone, is essential for periodontal tissue homeostasis. Although the significance of the PDL is recognized, molecular mechanisms underlying PDL function are not well-known. We report that Mohawk homeobox (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, regulates PDL homeostasis by preventing its degeneration. Mkx is expressed in the mouse PDL at the age of 10 weeks and 12 months. In Mkx−/− mice, age-dependent expansion of the PDL at the maxillary 1st molar (M1) furcation area was observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Mkx−/− mice presented collagen fibril degeneration in PDL with age, while the collagen fibril diameter gradually increased in Mkx+/+ mice. PDL cells lost their shape in Mkx−/− mice, suggesting changes in PDL properties. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of Mkx−/− PDL revealed an increase in osteogenic gene expression and no change in PDL- and inflammatory-related gene expression. Additionally, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were upregulated in Mkx-overexpressing human PDL fibroblasts, whereas osteogenic genes were downregulated. Our results indicate that Mkx prevents PDL degeneration by regulating osteogenesis.
Osteocrin, a peptide secreted from the heart and other tissues, contributes to cranial osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Chiba Ayano , Watanabe-Takano Haruko , Terai Kenta , Fukui Hajime , Miyazaki Takahiro , Uemura Mami , Hashimoto Hisashi , Hibi Masahiko , Fukuhara Shigetomo , Mochizuki Naoki
Published: December 2016

The heart is an endocrine organ, because cardiomyocytes (CMs) secrete natriuretic peptide (NP) hormones. Since the discovery of NPs, no peptide hormones that affect remote organs have been identified from the heart. We identified osteocrine (Ostn) as an osteogenesis/chondrogenesis regulatory hormone secreted from CMs in zebrafish. The ostn mutant larvae exhibited impaired membranous and chondral bone formation. The impaired bones were recovered by CM-specific overexpression of Ostn. We analyzed parasphenoid (ps) as a representative of membranous bones. In the shortened ps of the ostn morphants, nuclear Yap1/Wwtr1-dependent transcription was increased, suggesting that Ostn might induce the nuclear export of Yap1/Wwtr1 in osteoblasts. Although OSTN is proposed to bind to NPR3 (clearance receptor for NPs) to enhance the binding of NPs to NPR1 or NPR2, OSTN enhanced C-type NP-dependent nuclear export of YAP1/WWTR1 of cultured osteoblasts stimulated with saturable CNP. OSTN, therefore, might activate unidentified receptors that augment protein kinase G signaling mediated by a CNP-NPR2 signaling axis. These data demonstrate that Ostn secreted from the heart contributes to bone formation as an endocrine hormone.
Regulation of ciliary retrograde protein trafficking by the Joubert syndrome proteins ARL13B and INPP5E
Authors: Nozaki Shohei , Katoh Yohei , Terada Masaya , Michisaka Saki , Funabashi Teruki , Takahashi Senye , Kontani Kenji , Nakayama Kazuhisa
Published: December 2016

ARL13B (a small GTPase) and INPP5E (a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase) are ciliary proteins encoded by causative genes of Joubert syndrome. We here showed, by taking advantage of a visible immunoprecipitation assay, that ARL13B interacts with the IFT46–IFT56 (IFT56 is also known as TTC26) dimer of the intraflagellar transport (IFT)-B complex, which mediates anterograde ciliary protein trafficking. However, the ciliary localization of ARL13B was found to be independent of its interaction with IFT-B, but dependent on the ciliary-targeting sequence RVEP in its C-terminal region. ARL13B-knockout cells had shorter cilia than control cells and exhibited aberrant localization of ciliary proteins, including INPP5E. In particular, in ARL13B-knockout cells, the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes accumulated at ciliary tips, and GPR161 (a negative regulator of Hedgehog signaling) could not exit cilia in response to stimulation with Smoothened agonist. This abnormal phenotype was rescued by the exogenous expression of wild-type ARL13B, as well as by its mutant defective in the interaction with IFT-B, but not by its mutants defective in INPP5E binding or in ciliary localization. Thus, ARL13B regulates IFT-A-mediated retrograde protein trafficking within cilia through its interaction with INPP5E.
Ovarian control of growth and sexual size dimorphism in a male-larger gecko
Authors: Kubička Lukáš , Schořálková Tereza , Červenka Jan , Kratochvíl Lukáš
Published: December 2016

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) reflects sex-specific solutions to the allocation of energy among growth, reproduction and survival; however, the proximate mechanisms behind these solutions are still poorly known even in vertebrates. In squamates, sexual differences in body size used to be attributed to direct energy allocation to energetically demanding processes, largely to reproduction. In addition, SSD is assumed to be controlled by specific endogenous mechanisms regulating growth in a sex-specific manner, namely masculinization by male gonadal androgens, or feminization by ovarian hormones. We performed a manipulative growth experiment in females of the male-larger gecko Paroedura picta in order to test the reproductive cost hypothesis, the male androgen hypothesis and the ovarian hormone hypothesis. Specifically, we investigated the effect of total ovariectomy, prepubertal ovariectomy, unilateral ovariectomy, and total ovariectomy followed by exogenous estradiol, dihydrotestosterone or testosterone treatment, on female growth in comparison to males and reproductively active females. The present results and the results of our previous experiments did not support the hypotheses that SSD reflects direct energy allocation to reproduction and that male gonadal androgens are involved. On the other hand, all lines of evidence, particularly the comparable growth of reproducing intact and unilaterally ovariectomized females, were concordant with the control of SSD by ovarian hormones. We suggest that feminization of growth by female gonadal hormones should be taken into consideration as an endogenous pathway responsible for the ontogeny of SSD in squamates.
Stellate and pyramidal neurons in goldfish telencephalon respond differently to anoxia and GABA receptor inhibition
Authors: Hossein-Javaheri Nariman , Wilkie Michael P. , Lado Wudu E. , Buck Leslie T.
Published: December 2016

With oxygen deprivation, the mammalian brain undergoes hyper-activity and neuronal death while this does not occur in the anoxia tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus). Anoxic survival of the goldfish may rely on neuromodulatory mechanisms to suppress neuronal hyper-excitability. Since γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain, we decided to investigate its potential role in suppressing the electrical activity of goldfish telencephalic neurons. Utilizing whole-cell patch-clamp recording we recorded the electrical activities of both excitatory (pyramidal) and inhibitory (stellate) neurons. With anoxia, membrane potential (Vm) depolarized in both cell types from −72.2mV to −57.7mV and from −64.5mV to −46.8mV in pyramidal and stellate neurons, respectively. While pyramidal cells remained mostly quiescent, action potential frequency (APf) of the stellate neurons increased 68 fold. Furthermore, the GABAA receptor reversal potential (EGABA) was determined using the gramicidin perforated-patch clamp method and found to be depolarizing in pyramidal (−53.8mV) and stellate neurons (−42.1mV). Although GABA was depolarizing, pyramidal neurons remained quiescent since EGABA is below the action potential threshold (−36mV pyramidal and −38mV stellate neurons). Inhibition of GABAA receptors with gabazine reversed the anoxia mediated response. While GABAB receptor inhibition alone did not affect the anoxic response, co-antagonism of GABAA and GABAB receptors (gabazine and CGP-55848) lead to generation of seizure-like activities in both neuron types. We conclude that with anoxia Vm depolarizes towards EGABA which increases APf in stellate neurons and decreases APf in pyramidal neurons, and that GABA plays an important role in the anoxia-tolerance of goldfish brain.
Poison and alarm: The Asian hornetVespa velutinauses sting venom volatiles as alarm pheromone
Authors: Cheng Ya-nan , Wen Ping , Dong Shi-hao , Tan Ken , Nieh James C.
Published: December 2016

In colonial organisms, alarm pheromones can provide a key fitness advantage by enhancing colony defense and warning of danger. Learning which species use alarm pheromone and the key compounds involved therefore enhances our understanding of how this important signal has evolved. However, our knowledge of alarm pheromones is more limited in the social wasps and hornets as compared to the social bees and ants. Vespa velutina is an economically important and widespread hornet predator that attacks humans and honey bees. This species is native to Asia and has now invaded Europe. Despite growing interest in V. velutina, it was unknown if it possessed an alarm pheromone. We show that these hornets use sting venom as an alarm pheromone. Sting venom volatiles were strongly attractive to hornet workers and triggered attacks. Two major venom fractions, consisting of monoketones and diketones, also elicited attack. We used GC-EAD and identified 13 known and three unknown aliphatic ketones and alcohols in venom that elicited conspicuous hornet antennal activity. Two of the unknown compounds may be an undecen-2-one and an undecene-2,10-dinone. Three major compounds (heptan-2-one nonan-2-one, and undecan-2-one) triggered attacks, but only nonan-2-one did so at biologically relevant levels (10 hornet equivalents). Nonan-2-one thus deserves particular attention. However, the key alarm releasers for V. velutina remain to be identified. Such identification will help to illuminate the evolution and function of alarm compounds in hornets.
Onset of fights and mutual assessment in ant founding queens
Authors: Berthelot Kévin , Portugal Felipe Ramon , Jeanson Raphaël
Published: December 2016

In animals, the progress and outcomes of contests can be influenced by an individual's own condition, its opponent's condition or a combination of both. The use of chemical information to assess the quality of rivals has been underestimated despite its central role in the regulation of social interactions in many taxa. Here, we studied pairwise contests between founding queens of the ant Lasius niger to investigate whether the decision to engage in agonistic interactions relies on self or mutual assessment. Queens modulated their aggressive behaviours depending both on their own status and their opponent's status. We showed no influence of lipid stores or size on the onset of fights. However, differences in cuticular chemical signatures linked to fertility status accurately predicted the probability of behaving aggressively in pairs. Our study thus suggests that ant queens could rely on mutual assessment via chemical cues to make informed decisions about fight initiation.
A common class of transcripts with 5′-intron depletion, distinct early coding sequence features, and N1-methyladenosine modification
Authors: Cenik Can , Chua Hon Nian , Singh Guramrit , Akef Abdalla , Snyder Michael P. , Palazzo Alexander F. , Moore Melissa J. , Roth Frederick P.
Published: December 2016

Introns are found in 5′ untranslated regions (5′UTRs) for 35% of all human transcripts. These 5′UTR introns are not randomly distributed: Genes that encode secreted, membrane-bound and mitochondrial proteins are less likely to have them. Curiously, transcripts lacking 5′UTR introns tend to harbor specific RNA sequence elements in their early coding regions. To model and understand the connection between coding-region sequence and 5′UTR intron status, we developed a classifier that can predict 5′UTR intron status with >80% accuracy using only sequence features in the early coding region. Thus, the classifier identifies transcripts with 5′ proximal-intron-minus-like-coding regions (“5IM” transcripts). Unexpectedly, we found that the early coding sequence features defining 5IM transcripts are widespread, appearing in 21% of all human RefSeq transcripts. The 5IM class of transcripts is enriched for non-AUG start codons, more extensive secondary structure both preceding the start codon and near the 5′ cap, greater dependence on eIF4E for translation, and association with ER-proximal ribosomes. 5IM transcripts are bound by the exon junction complex (EJC) at noncanonical 5′ proximal positions. Finally, N1-methyladenosines are specifically enriched in the early coding regions of 5IM transcripts. Taken together, our analyses point to the existence of a distinct 5IM class comprising ∼20% of human transcripts. This class is defined by depletion of 5′ proximal introns, presence of specific RNA sequence features associated with low translation efficiency, N1-methyladenosines in the early coding region, and enrichment for noncanonical binding by the EJC.
Revisiting the phylogeny of phylum Ctenophora: a molecular perspective
Authors: Arteaga-Figueroa Luis A. , Sánchez-Bermúdez Valentina , Franco-Sierra Nicolás D.
Published: December 2016

The phylogenetic relationships of deep metazoans, specifically in the phylum Ctenophora, are not totally understood. Previous studies have been developed on this subject, mostly based on morphology and single gene analyses (rRNA sequences). Several loci (protein coding and ribosomal RNA) from taxa belonging to this phylum are currently available on public databases (e.g. GenBank). Here we revisit Ctenophora molecular phylogeny using public sequences and probabilistic methods (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood). To get more reliable results multi-locus analyses were performed using 5.8S, 28S, ITS1, ITS2 and 18S, and IPNS and GFP-like proteins. Best topologies, consistent with both methods for each data set, are shown and analysed. Comparing the results of the pylogenetic reconstruction with previous research, most clades showed the same relationships as the ones found with morphology and single gene analyses, consistent with hypotheses made in previous research. There were also some unexpected relationships clustering species from different orders.
Meta-analysis of crowdsourced data compendia suggests pan-disease transcriptional signatures of autoimmunity
Authors: Lau William W. , Sparks Rachel ,   OMiCC Jamboree Working Group, Tsang John S.
Published: December 2016

Background: The proliferation of publicly accessible large-scale biological data together with increasing availability of bioinformatics tools have the potential to transform biomedical research. Here we report a crowdsourcing Jamboree that explored whether a team of volunteer biologists without formal bioinformatics training could use OMiCC, a crowdsourcing web platform that facilitates the reuse and (meta-) analysis of public gene expression data, to compile and annotate gene expression data, and design comparisons between disease and control sample groups.

Methods: The Jamboree focused on several common human autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (DM1), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the corresponding mouse models. Meta-analyses were performed in OMiCC using comparisons constructed by the participants to identify 1) gene expression signatures for each disease (disease versus healthy controls at the gene expression and biological pathway levels), 2) conserved signatures across all diseases within each species (pan-disease signatures), and 3) conserved signatures between species for each disease and across all diseases (cross-species signatures).

Results: A large number of differentially expressed genes were identified for each disease based on meta-analysis, with observed overlap among diseases both within and across species. Gene set/pathway enrichment of upregulated genes suggested conserved signatures (e.g., interferon) across all human and mouse conditions.

Conclusions: Our Jamboree exercise provides evidence that when enabled by appropriate tools, a "crowd" of biologists can work together to accelerate the pace by which the increasingly large amounts of public data can be reused and meta-analyzed for generating and testing hypotheses. Our encouraging experience suggests that a similar crowdsourcing approach can be used to explore other biological questions.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Adults in Jeddah about Food interaction
Authors: Abualhamail Albraa , AlJdani Maha , AlJdani Sarah , Alamoudi Noor , Alghamdi Asia , Bahijri Suhad , Ajabnoor Ghada , Jambi Hanan
Published: December 2016

Cultural beliefs and practices, and improper use of medications of Saudis may be associated with poor nutritional status. The purpose of this study was assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Saudi adults regarding possible effects of selected food combinations, and effects of medications on nutritional status, in association with gender, age and educational level. A questionnaire was constructed to include demographic information, some food combinations culturally avoided, or scientifically known to adversely affect nutritional status, possible interactions of food with medications, sources of information, and personal experience of adverse effects following certain food combinations. Subjects were recruited from public areas to complete the questionnaire. An electronic version was distributed through social network. A total of 998 questionnaires were completed, with 60.9% females, 66.5% ≤25 years of age, and 75.6% having university degree. Women, and subjects with ≥ secondary school education had significantly higher knowledge score (P= 0.007, and 0.01 respectively). The majority of participants did not know food combinations that can adversely affect nutritional status, especially those having < secondary school certificate. Significantly higher proportion of subjects > 40 years of age believed in traditional taboos (P= 0.038). Attitude was affected by gender. Hearsay and media were major sources of information, with higher percentage of females intentionally seeking knowledge. Nutritional knowledge is poor among Saudis, with folklore, and media being main sources. This might contribute to the increased prevalence of nutrition related diseases. Nutrition education programmes should be introduced early in life through different channels.
Effects of Pre-treatment on the Quality of Dried Korean Thistle (Cirsium Setidens Nakai)
Authors: Jeon Ajeong , Kim Taewan , Kim Hyun-Seok
Published: December 2016

To prepare the dried Cirsium Setidens Nakai appropriate to the gondre-namul, this study investigated the effects of steaming and blanching on its color characteristic, degree of browning, peroxidase activity, rehydration, and preference test. Cirsium Setidens Nakai (gondre) was steamed for 5-15 min and blanched in different blanching solutions for 1-5 min, followed by drying at 50°C. The blanching solutions used in this study were water, and 0.5% (w/v) solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, and sodium polyphosphate (SPP). The control was dried without pre-treatment. Relative to the control, the lightness of dried Korean thistle decreased, except for that blanched with NaCl solution, whereas its redness decreased except for that steamed. All treatments exhibited lower yellowness than the control. Also, all treatments revealed a lower degree of browning and peroxidase activity than the control. Rehydration was reduced by pre-treatments of Korean thistle relative to the control. Korean thistle blanched for 1 min with CaCl2 solution exhibited higher points for color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability than those of the control. Overall, blanching with CaCl2 solution would be an appropriate way of preparing the gondre-namul using dried Korean thistle, accompanying the common way by blanching with NaCl solution.
Effect of Liposome Encapsulated Salt on the Physicochemical and Salty Taste of White Pan Bread
Authors: Lee Jiseon , Na Hansol , Choi Mi-Jung
Published: December 2016

Excessive salt intake in body induces health risks resulting in high blood pressure or heart diseases. Therefore, the low salt concentration and salt-tasted food is needed by means of the modification of the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of inhomogeneous salt localization in bread to enhance the saltiness of encapsulated salt. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% of liposome encapsulated salt (LS) was added into the baking of white pan bread. The final salt concentration was adjusted to 2.0% by addition of salt. After baking the bread, moisture content, loaf volume, fermentation rate, color, texture analysis, salt release rate, and sensory test were measured. From this study, moisture content had no significant difference in control and treatments (p>0.05), except for 2.0% LS. The lightness in all treatments was higher than the control’s (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in hardness (p>0.05). From the sensory test, the bread added 2.0% LS showed the highest value from the salty taste. Moreover, it is related to the highest release rate of salt represented at 2.0% LS. In conclusion, the salty intensity of bread can be enhanced by the salt localization using the encapsulation of salt.
Aspetos do quotidiano e vivência feminina nos navios da carreira da Índia durante o século xvi: primeiras mulheres, buscas e sexualidade a bordo
Authors: Borges Marco Oliveira
Published: December 2016

Embora pouco reconhecida e estudada, a presença de mulheres a bordo dos navios da carreira da Índia foi uma realidade. É nosso objetivo contribuir para a continuação das investigações sobre este tema, analisando aspetos do quotidiano e dificuldades enfrentadas pelas mulheres nas viagens de ida e de volta da Índia durante o século XVI. Destacaremos as primeiras mulheres que embarcaram rumo ao Oriente, o pensamento que o homem tinha da mulher na época, as buscas feitas nos navios, bem como aspetos relacionados com a vida sexual e casamentos a bordo.
Entre público e privado, entre a metrópole e o Império: testamentos nas misericórdias portuguesas (séculos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Fernandes João Miguel
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a compreensão da forma como as misericórdias estabeleciam a ligação entre defuntos e ausentes e as suas terras de proveniência. Para isso, os testamentos apresentam-se como o primeiro passo para compreender o processo de transferência de bens, sendo importante perceber o enquadramento legal subjacente a este tipo de documentação, sobretudo no que respeita às diferentes modalidades existentes e a algumas situações de exceção. Embora o ato de testar fosse privado por natureza, o número e a diversidade de instituições envolvidas contribuía para lhe conferir um caráter público, uma vez que para além dos notários, nomeados pelo rei, outras instâncias se imiscuíam nos processos a que os testamentos davam origem. A Coroa criou uma figura que teria como principal função fazer cumprir as últimas vontades dos defuntos – o provedor dos defuntos e ausentes. Este oficial régio tinha legislação específica que norteava a sua intervenção. Neste campo, a ação das Misericórdias também se revelou fundamental. Efetivamente, as Santas Casas, com o intuito de fazerem cumprir os legados que lhe eram atribuídos, instituíram um sistema funcional complexo, onde a cooperação entre elas assumia particular relevância.
O quotidiano na clausura feminina eborense e a presença de população escrava: a fronteira entre o servir das portas adentro e das portas afora no período moderno
Authors: Conde Antónia Fialho
Published: December 2016

Apesar da existência de anteriores estudos, tanto em termos nacionais como regionais, e que demonstram a forte presença de escravos em Évora nos séculos XV e XVI, localizar a população escrava na documentação de instituições religiosas femininas da cidade e entender a sua condição de vida nessas comunidades não se revela fácil. Muitas das referências à sua existência são indiretas, ao fazerem parte de um dote ou doação (constando como bens a que se atribui um determinado valor), que podia ser testamentária, de partilhas e sentenças. São também de difícil perceção as tarefas desempenhadas no quotidiano de espaços claustrais, especialmente os femininos, sujeitos às exigências pós-tridentinas. Só com a apresentação de alguns casos, a juntar aos já conhecidos, poderemos sugerir algumas considerações sobre esta matéria.
Espaços e atores da organização científica do trabalho em Portugal: o Instituto Nacional de Investigação Industrial
Authors: Azevedo Ana Carina
Published: December 2016

A organização científica do trabalho adquiriu uma nova vitalidade e passa a ser alvo de um maior interesse e de uma mais concreta utilização a partir do final da II Guerra Mundial. Nesta época, um conjunto de organismos são criados tendo como parte dos seus objetivos o estudo e desenvolvimento da OCT. No que ao setor secundário diz respeito, o Instituto Nacional de Investigação Industrial distinguiu-se entre os organismos que mais apostaram no desenvolvimento destes princípios no País, sendo responsável não só pela organização de um vasto conjunto de ações de formação e de estudos de apoio à indústria em solo nacional, mas também por contactos estabelecidos com uma série de organismos internacionais, evidenciando-se como um importante agente no processo de internacionalização do País.
Rosa Congost & Rui Santos (ed.), Contexts of property in Europe: the social embeddedness of property rights in land in historical perspective. Brepols publischer, 2010, 285 p.
Authors: Neto Margarida Sobral
Published: December 2016

https://doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_47_24
Cristãos-Novos da cidade de Viseu e A Devassa Inquisitorial: Entendimentos Sobre Uma Comunidade Específica (Sécs. xvi- xvii)
Authors: Cordeiro Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: December 2016

Nos finais de Quatrocentos, após a conversão forçada das minorias religiosas em território nacional, prosperava na cidade de Viseu uma certa comunidade que descende do velho credo mosaico. Muitos tinham vindo de Castela, beneficiando da regularidade dos fluxos pela raia. Dotados de singular aptidão para o saber e para a ciência, revelando históricas capacidades de pragmatismo e adaptação, ocupam uma posição central na geografia e dinamismos locais, como rendeiros, físicos e advogados, proprietários rurais mas, sobretudo, mercadores transfronteiriços. Guiadas por uma ética singular fundada na preservação da memória, estas famílias conversas participam num equilíbrio mais geral, estruturado no sistema clientelar do tempo e por isso transversal a cristãos-novos e velhos. Porém, a emergência de novas dinâmicas de poder e lógicas integracionistas sacodem violentamente a cidade e alteram a equação de forças em que se ancorava a vida em comunidade. A devassa inquisitorial irá afetar profundamente os ritmos e a sobrevivência do seu núcleo central, às voltas com acusações heréticas. Uns sucumbem na prisão, outros pelo fogo ou pelo garrote. Muitos fogem, tentando salvar a vida e a fazenda. A cidade sofre irremediavelmente pela sangria de gente que lhe acrescentara vigor mas nem por isso supera o estigma do “sangue impuro”.
Em busca da perfeição cristã: práticas espirituais e devotas dos leigos em Portugal (séculos XVI-XVII)
Authors: Mendes Paula Almeida
Published: December 2016

Tendo como pano de fundo a problemática da História da espiritualidade e pretendendo chamar a atenção para a importância das práticas espirituais e devotas entre os leigos, em Portugal, ao longo dos séculos XVI e XVII, este artigo procura estudar, com base em obras de pendor hagiográfico e devoto, alguns casos concretos de figuras imbuídas de preocupações espirituais, que viveram no século, e que se distinguiram no exercício das virtudes cristãs, tendo algumas delas falecido em «odor de santidade».
Domestic religiosity in the 18th century Spanish Court: elite women, everyday life spaces and material culture. An approach to a study in progress
Authors: González Heras Natalia
Published: December 2016

O principal objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver uma abordagem das questões e práticas relacionadas com a devoção e espiritualidade, relativas às mulheres pertencentes à burguesia e à média nobreza, no âmbito de suas vidas domésticas, durante o final do século XVIII, em Madrid. Concentrar- -nos-emos em desvendar os caminhos do grupo formado pelas esposas dos servidores da monarquia espanhola. Esta investigação será baseada na análise da cultura material que aparece nas suas cartas dote e nos inventários post-mortem.
La prevención comunitaria del delito a través de la gobernanza local
Authors: Aguirre Sala Jorge Francisco
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar el mayor número de comunes denominadores en cuatro prácticas latinoamericanas exitosas de la prevención del delito. El análisis se hizo con una metodología cualitativa, de índole de diseño teórico y codificación axial. El marco teórico vinculó la participación ciudadana con la gobernanza para sintetizar las perspectivas social, ambiental y situacional de la prevención en el modelo comunitario. Los datos se recolectaron en indicadores de procesos y no de impacto. En los resultados destacan: la asociación entre ciudadanos y autoridades, la gestión de derechos sociales y el empoderamiento ciudadano a través del presupuesto participativo.
Cooperativas independientes entre la exhibición cinematográfica y la gestión cultural: el cine ciudadano en la periferia de la industria
Authors: Arnau Roselló Robert
Published: December 2016

A partir de la organización de cierto número de personas en cooperativas culturales, los llamados cines ciudadanos implementan una estrategia similar a la de la guerrilla de la cultura, reabriendo locales cinematográficos en quiebra o reflotando proyectos de salas de cine que habían quedado estancados. El motor esencial de estas experiencias se alimenta de la posibilidad de abrir un espacio en la periferia de la industria cinematográfica, gestionado directamente por los socios, capaz de rescatar películas que no podrían tener distribución comercial y quedarían sin proyectar en el cajón de alguna distribuidora residual. Por ello, estos espacios dinamizados por los movimientos sociales se configuran como una alternativa real a las censuras que promueve por naturaleza el sistema de distribución comercial cinematográfica.
Percepción de los dirigentes estudiantiles universitarios sobre la responsabilidad social universitaria
Authors: Gaete Quezada Ricardo
Published: December 2016

El artículo analiza el significado otorgado por estudiantes universitarios al concepto de responsabilidad social universitaria, mediante una investigación con enfoque cualitativo a través de un estudio de caso único e instrumental, considerando la entrevista semi-estructurada y el focus group como técnicas de recolección de la información. Se concluye que la responsabilidad social de la universidad plantea el desafío de reenfocar la misión institucional, hacia un proceso de formación vinculado a la realidad social circundante, así como mediante un rol social más activo de la universidad frente a las necesidades y problemáticas sociales del territorio en donde las universidades están instaladas.
La perspectiva biográfica. El proceso de construcción del saber pedagógico
Authors: Sotos Serrano María , López Esteban Carmen , Sánchez García Ana Belén
Published: December 2016

El objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en analizar si la perspectiva biográfica, mediante los relatos de vida, permite analizar los procesos de construcción del saber pedagógico de las/os docentes, ya que pensamos que la formación docente supera los límites estrictos de los períodos de formación reglada. También se presentan algunos de los objetivos que justifican este tipo de estudios y, finalmente, se defiende la tesis de que la perspectiva biográfica es la que permite cumplir con esos objetivos. Para ello planteamos un estudio de corte fenomenológico sobre el caso de M. Antònia Canals, fundamentado en la obtención de datos cualitativos a través de grabaciones de entrevistas abiertas, y a su vez se presenta un método de análisis de 4 fases que cuenta con amplia aceptación en el marco de la investigación social cualitativa.
COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL EM MATÉRIA DE PROVA CIVIL
Authors: Morais Lindocastro Nogueira de , Lima Jhéssica Luara Alves de
Published: December 2016

O estudo da cooperação internacional em matéria de prova civil não constitui novidade na seara jurídica, todavia adquire importância nos dias atuais. A cooperação jurídica internacional possibilita celeridade e minimiza a burocracia da máquina judiciária dos países. De 1951 a 2007, a Conferência da Haia de Direito Internacional Privado concluiu trinta e nove instrumentos internacionais.  Dentre os textos que tiveram maior número de ratificações ou de adesões, salientam-se os que se reportam à cooperação judiciária e administrativa internacional. Dessa forma, importante seu estudo de modo a verificar se essa cooperação tem sido eficaz para a garantia dos direitos conferidos pelos documentos internacionais. Para tanto, o trabalho utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica. A pesquisa constatou que as garantias estão positivadas na legislação e documentos internacionais, todavia, a efetividade destas, depende da real colaboração entre os países, minimizando burocracias, aperfeiçoando os instrumentos de coleta de provas, e observando os direitos processuais e humanos.
DO NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO AO NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO: UM PROCESSO DE LUTA DAS MINORIAS
Authors: Assis Fábio José Silva de , Vieira José Ribas
Published: December 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar a recente trajetória político-institucional do Constitucionalismo, desde o neoconstitucionalismo até o novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano. O estudo empreendido aponta para o fato de que embora o neoconstitucionalismo seja responsável por uma série de avanços sociais, é fácil constatar suas insuficiências institucionais. Em conseqüência a isso, surgiram diversos movimentos populares clamando pelo reconhecimento de direitos e por participação política. É nesse universo que prospera o denominado novo constitucionalismo, que, materializado na forma de Estado Plurinacional, reconheceu e garantiu direitos de parcelas minoritárias da sociedade. Utilizando-se dos métodos dedutivo e histórico como forma de abordagem do tema e partindo de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo e jurisdicional, esta pesquisa pretende compreender as influências e as limitações do neoconstitucionalismo para o adensamento do novo constitucionalismo latino-americano nessas sociedades. O presente estudo nos permitiu concluir, todavia, que muitas delas ainda possuem traços das suas Constituições anteriores, com características autoritárias, mas que de forma gradual vem conseguindo grandes conquistas sociais.
ESTADO DE DIREITO E ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO (ESTADO SOCIAL): O QUE HÁ DE NOVO?
Authors: Oliveira Heron José Castro
Published: December 2016

A partir da pesquisa dos clássicos e através do método dedutivo, será abordado o conceito de Estado de Direito (rule of law), Estado Social (welfare state) e Estado Democrático de Direito, porém, visando estabelecer se os dois últimos realmente são diferentes, como sustenta a maioria da doutrina. O tema é importante devido ao risco de se cair no senso comum acadêmico, por mais que a transição entre estes estados já tenha sido trabalhada, é raro a pesquisa questionando os seus significados e elementos. Autores como Manoel Gonçalves Ferreira Filho abordam a transição entres os três e constatam a ausência de valores que diferenciem o welfare state e o Estado Democrático de Direito. Nós chegamos a conclusão de que se o Estado Social “socializou” a ideia de isonomia e liberdade negativa, bases do rule of law, tal “socialização” não apresentou mudanças desde então.
Sefarad and Ashkenaz: Three New Bibliographies
Authors: Baker Zachary
Published: December 2016

A review essay based on these three books:

Spanish and Portuguese Jewry: A Classified Bibliography, compiled by Robert Singerman (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993). xvi, 720 p. Index. (Bibliographies and Indexes in World History, no. 30.) ISBN 0-313-25752-3.

Przewodnik po bibliografiach polskich Judaik6w = Guide to Bibliographies of Polish Judaica, edited by Krzystof Pilarczyk (Cracow: Jagiellonian University, Research Center of Jewish History and Culture in Poland, 1992). 222 p. Indexes. (Studia Polono-Judaica: Series Bibliographica, 1.) (Added t.p.: Madrikh le-bib/iyografiyot she/ ha-yudaikah ha-polanit.) ISBN 83°233-0488-2. •

Bibliographies of Polish Judaica: International Symposium, Cracow, 5th-7th July 1988 (Proceedings), editor Katarzyna Muszyn'ska (Cracow: Jagiellonian University, Research Center of Jewish History and Culture in Poland, 1993). 231 p. (Studia PolonoJudaica: Series Librorum Congressus, 1.) (Added t.p.: Bibliyografiyot she/ yehude Polin: kenes benle'umi, Krakuv 5-7 be-yuni 1988). ISBN 83-233-0622-2.