bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sicherheit als wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderung
Authors: Hüther Michael , Iglesias Simon Gerards
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the evolving role of security as a key economic and political challenge, focusing on Germany’s response to geopolitical instability, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It argues that security is now a central economic factor, influencing investment and market stability. Based on data on defense spending and fiscal policy, the article highlights inadequate earlier efforts to rebuild defense capacity, with rising fiscal pressures. The paper emphasises the need for reforms in Germany’s and Europe’s security strategies to address hybrid threats and financial burdens.
Information to the Population About COVID-19 in the First Year of the Pandemic: Case Study on the Portal of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Muñoz Rilva Lopes de Sousa , Aquino Mário Cesar Pereira de
Published: October 2024

Objective: To analyze the risk communication about the COVID-19 pandemic carried out on the website of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
 
Theoretical Framework: Risk communication in public health emergencies, according to the WHO guideline for policy and practice of this health communication in crises.
 
Method: Qualitative study, focused on the content analysis of the publications made on the website of the Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, from March 2020 to December 2021.
 
Results and Discussion: The Health Department of Campina Grande, Paraíba, effectively used its website to disseminate information about the COVID-19 pandemic, such as social isolation measures and partial lockdown in areas with a high incidence of cases; sanitary barriers to monitor symptoms and control circulation; the installation of a field hospital, expansion of testing in Basic Health Units and distribution of masks and hygiene kits in vulnerable areas. The most frequent words on the portal in 2022 were “pandemic”, “mask” and “coronavirus”, in daily updates, guidelines on prevention measures, service protocols, decrees and restrictions, education and awareness and vaccination campaign at the end of the year.
 
Research Implications: There was publication of accurate and accessible information, publication of administrative acts, positive culture in public health and, therefore, these actions demonstrate a significant effort by the Campina Grande Health Department to use digital communication to face the COVID-19 pandemic in accordance with the UN guideline. However, it was observed that in terms of clarity, some messages used technical terms that may have made it difficult for less educated audiences to understand. The portal did not provide accessible versions for people with visual impairments.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to demonstrating that during the pandemic, the Campina Grande Health Department portal was an essential tool for residents of Campina Grande-PB in a practical and accessible way, with constant updates, disseminating information on the progress of the disease, vaccination campaigns and preventive measures, such as the use of masks and social distancing, with potential contribution to the implementation of preventive measures and adherence to vaccination. It is suggested that there could be greater accessibility for people with less education and sensory disabilities.
Glacier Cover Estimation: a Multitemporal Retrospective Analysis of the Uruashraju Snow-capped Mountain (Ancash)
Authors: Comeca-Chuquipul Miguel Angel , Cruz-Reyes Fray Masias , Aronés-Cisneros Angel , Durand-Castro David Mansueto
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To estimate the evolution of the glacier cover of the Uruashraju snow-capped mountain (Áncash, Peru) between the years 2014 and 2024,
 
Theoretical framework: The research is framed in the context of climate change, specifically in the reduction of tropical glaciers. Andean glaciers are key indicators of global warming, and their retreat affects the availability of water resources, impacting sectors such as agriculture, human consumption and local biodiversity.
 
Method: A cartographic analysis of satellite images obtained through the "Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS C2 L2" mission for the years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024 was used. The images were downloaded from the USGS Earth Explorer platform and selected from the months of July to maintain temporal homogeneity. The spatial resolution used was 30 meters in visible, near infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands.
 
Results and discussion: The results reveal a significant reduction of 37.28% in the glacier surface of the Uruashraju snow-capped mountain between 2014 and 2024. Despite some periods of temporary stabilization, the general trend is one of retreat due to climate change. This phenomenon affects water availability and poses risks for essential activities such as agriculture.
 
Implications of the research: The research highlights the urgent need to take measures to mitigate the effects of climate change on Andean glaciers, since their loss compromises the water and economic security of local communities that depend on glacial resources.
 
Originality/Value: This study offers a detailed and updated analysis of the evolution of glacier cover on the Uruashraju snow-capped mountain, providing relevant data for water resource planning and climate change adaptation strategies in the Andean region.
Instructors’ Understanding of Teaching First-Year Engineering Teaming: Characterization and Redirection
Authors: Pawley Alice , Margherio Cara , Masta Stephanie , Dickerson Darryl , Matthew Matthew
Published: October 2024

Teaming is increasingly important to teach well in undergraduate engineering education. Teams composed of both majority and minoritized students have an increased risk of majority members harassing minoritized members. Instructors of large classes have a difficult time identifying in which teams such harassment is taking place, and knowing what to do to interrupt it. This paper, part of a bigger project grounded in microaggression theory and selective incivility theory, specifically considers what instructors currently do, and indeed whether it is their job to address teammate harassment. We undertook a rough thematic analysis of interviews with instructors of a large first-year engineering course at a large American research-extensive majority-white university in the Midwest. We found instructors adopted an individual-centric model of teaming, intervened mainly in severe instances, and their interventions tended to be subtle. We offer an early version of an alternative model to structure forthcoming training sessions with instructors, graduate teaching assistants, and peer teachers.
Academic Buoyancy Measurements of First Year Engineering Students at the University of Saskatchewan
Authors: Maw Sean , Abello Juan , Miller Amy , Razavi Saeideh
Published: October 2024

As part of program evaluation and continuous improvement, the University of Saskatchewan deployed a survey across the common Re-Engineered First-Year (REFY) program in September 2022, and collected just over 300 responses. This survey included four questions developed by Martin and Marsh [3] to measure academic buoyancy, which these authors define as the ability to cope with everyday academic setbacks. In this study, the highest buoyancy question score (slightly positive) referred to dealing with setbacks, and the lowest (slightly negative) referred to the ability to deal with stress. Statistical analyses show a correlation between the responses to the two buoyancy questions related to stress, as well as between the responses to the two buoyancy questions related to setbacks. There is a statistically significant difference in all academic buoyancy scores between male and female respondents (male scores are higher). Buoyancy scores for students participating in high-performance competitive sports also tended to be higher than those in recreational sport activities. Members of clubs also tended to have higher scores than students engaged in other extra-curricular activities.
Student Perceptions Regarding Student-Designed Lab Experimental Procedures
Authors: Peters Reisha , Maw Sean
Published: October 2024

First-year students are often expected to follow explicit directions in hands-on labs. This can result in highly uniform submissions, where the students are often motivated by performing the steps correctly instead of learning concepts. Through experimental procedure autonomy, students may be able to improve their understanding and develop additional skills in experimental design. In a mechanics lab, students were asked to hypothesize an answer to a question and design an experiment to test this hypothesis using a variety of equipment that was provided. This paper describes student perceptions regarding their learning associated with designing experimental procedures. Feedback survey responses indicated that 65% of students understood why they were asked to design their experiment, but 53% did not enjoy the process. When students assessed their own learning experience, 35% indicated that designing their procedure helped them understand concepts better while 21% indicated that they did not perceive additional learning. Many students (53%) indicated that they would prefer additional instruction on this type of task and 93% appreciated the lab report template provided to them to help organize their results.
Ontario Engineering Technology to Engineering Transfer Pathway Design
Authors: Ullrich Max , Moozeh Kimia , Frank Brian
Published: October 2024

Technology to engineering bridging pathways have the potential to increase access to underrepresented or traditionally disadvantaged students, increasing the diversity of the engineering student body. However, opportunities for efficient transfer from technology to engineering in Ontario are limited to a small number of institutions, and otherwise are often time consuming. This paper present progress on a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary, engineering technology to accredited engineering bridging pathway for Ontario. The proposed process involves students completing 2-3 prerequisite courses during their final year at college, enrolling in a full-time summer bridging semester, and then joining the engineering program to complete the remainder of the normal degree requirements. This pathway is being piloted at Queen’s University for civil and mining engineering beginning in 2023 and growing the number of engineering disciplines and the number of other engineering institutions receiving students for future years.
Developing skills for sustainable development through community-focused learning
Authors: Castillo Mark , Harris Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

For engineering students to become leaders in sustainable development, they need to develop the ability to apply empathy in partnership with communities and collaborate across disciplinary boundaries. This is difficult to facilitate in the dominant engineering education paradigm that emphasizes technical ability while social engagement is not stressed as much. We have implemented community-focused experiential education to foster skills for leadership in sustainable development. Experiential education is based on the theory of situated learning, in which students learn through the praxis of authentic environments. Implementing experiential learning in the classroom exposes engineering students to the necessary skills to deal with wicked and complex problems. It creates an environment that gives space for failure and learning then iteration. The implementation of experiential learning in the course reimagines how engineering education can be structured with an emphasis on community engagement and creative problem-solving. In this paper, we introduce an innovative community-based learning (CBL) integrated course with multiple community partners and stakeholders. Students in the course had the opportunity to interact with faculty, industry, and policymakers outside their discipline.
Answering Questions of Engineering Identity and Topic Relevance Using the Work of Robert Rosen
Authors: Foster Jason , Sheridan Patricia
Published: October 2024

Some engineering students ask their instructors questions related to the nature of engineering and to the relevance of certain course topics or full courses. Responses to these questions are generally experiential, empirical, and lacking in theoretical rigour. This research paper explores how Robert Rosen’s Modelling Relation and his concept of Anticipatory Systems can be used to understand the nature of engineering in a way that is rigorous, theoretically grounded, and accessible to varied audiences. Abstract engineering and making practices are successfully mapped onto the Modelling Relation, and a concrete example from Civil Engineering is developed. Following from this mapping, engineering is reinterpreted as the actions of an anticipatory system informed by particular predictive models. This mapping and reinterpretation were trialed successfully in an undergraduate engineering design course, and in workshops with participants from a variety of engineering and non-engineering backgrounds. Areas for improvement and exploration include the fractal natural of design, and the challenges associated with complex systems.
Inclusive Learning Through Equity-Driven Approaches to Design in Engineering Education
Authors: Deilami Negar , Ngo Thuy-Anh , Fleisig Robert , Park Sean , Hemmerich Andrea
Published: October 2024

Despite it being widely acknowledged that integrating principles of equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (EDIA) in engineering has numerous benefits such as more innovative and inclusive design outcomes, there have been ongoing challenges in addressing equity, promoting diversity, and fostering inclusive teaching and learning strategies in higher education. If EDIA is taught separately from coursework in engineering, students are unlikely to engage with or incorporate EDIA principles in their work. Moreover, the pedagogical approaches for EDIA concepts, which include exploratory discussion and reflection, can be a barrier for student learning if they are not valued in the same way as traditional engineering epistemology and ideologies that prioritize a technical space and objective data. Lastly, evidence demonstrates that a lack of sense of belonging for underrepresented students can impact their learning experience. It is important to address how teaching approaches impact the shift of student mindsets in their design work and their engagement with the learning environment. In this exploratory project, we seek to understand the ways in which learning equity-driven approaches to design, such as design thinking, may impact engineering students’ perceptions of inclusivity in their learning environment and the quality of inclusivity in the work that they design and engineer. We focus on the rationale and development of the methodology in this paper since the work is still in progress. We are working with a diverse team of educators and researchers to review and revise course goals, student learning outcomes and related course content for two design thinking courses in a master’s level engineering program. Changes to the course material include further integrating EDIA principles and the “Liberatory Design framework” described by the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design as “a process and practice to liberate designers from habits that perpetuate inequity.” The impact of such revision is examined through qualitative analysis of students’ written reflections with prompts that focus on EDIA themes. A post-course survey is also used to assess students’ perceptions of EDIA in relation to their academic, professional, and personal learning experiences throughout the program and, more specifically, the design thinking course learning outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that students connect design thinking approaches with an awareness of the value of diversity in their design teams and with more inclusive design outcomes for the end-user. This exploratory work can inspire research to further examine the role of design thinking and related pedagogical approaches in supporting the integration of EDIA principles in teaching engineering design.
EXPLORING ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN ENGINEERING: INSIGHTS FROM LITERATURE AND PRACTICE REVIEWS
Authors: Azad Amin , Liu Qin
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurship education (EE), traditionally a business school endeavor, has increasingly been incorporated into educational practices in engineering and other disciplines. In this paper, we draw upon the recent literature on EE to demonstrate a shift in EE from a business-focused approach to an approach that focuses more on the growth of individuals. We also share our observations from an investigation of the website information of major entrepreneurship-focused academic programs in engineering, business and other disciplinary contexts in Canadian postsecondary institutions. The practice review shows that the curriculum for engineering entrepreneurship seems to focus more on the knowledge required for creating new ventures while skill development is also a desired learning outcome in some programs. However, a significant gap is identified in programming for fostering the entrepreneurial mindset that is needed for skill development and innovation. Our reviews also suggest the transdisciplinary characteristic of entrepreneurship education and the importance of transdisciplinary competencies to entrepreneurship education. Limitations in our methods of literature and practice reviews are discussed to inform future similar endeavors on EE.
Same-Year Peer Teaching: Impact on Learning and Collaboration in a Third-Year Engineering Course
Authors: Chen William , Verrett Jonathan , Mohseni Madjid
Published: October 2024

Same-year peer teaching was implemented in weekly problem-based tutorials for a third-year interdisciplinary engineering course on water/wastewater treatment processes. Post-study surveys find respondents were satisfied with the tutorial format, which is moderately associated with perceived benefits of teaching (r=0.62, p<
Environmental sustainability- and EDI-integrated engineering work: Who is doing it and what skills are important?
Authors: Chan Andrea , Rottmann Cindy , Radebe Dimpho , Macdonald-Roach Emily , Moore Emily
Published: October 2024

As companies around the world are increasingly required to demonstrate positive environmental and social performance and good governance (ESG), engineers are poised to contribute widely their knowledge, skills and leadership across different industry sectors. In this study, we examined survey data from 982 engineering graduates across Canada to understand the extent to which engineers are integrating dimensions of environmental sustainability and equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) into professional work. While we saw some evidence of consistent integration of environmental sustainability, we saw in smaller proportion integration of EDI and social justice concerns. Respondents doing ESG-integrated work also, in greater proportions, agreed that leadership and societal impact knowledge and skills contributed to their careers, as compared with others. The paper ends with a discussion on limitations and implications for engineering education.
Who's Experiencing Weathering? A question of belonging in the engineering profession
Authors: Radebe Dimpho , Rottmann Cindy , Chan Andrea , Macdonald-Roach Emily , Moore Emily
Published: October 2024

Despite persistent efforts to diversify the engineering profession, inequities persist. As part of a larger research project on career paths, the authors conducted a large-scale survey of Canadian engineers with a minimum of 10 years’ experience in professional practice. This line of analysis explores Canadian engineers’ personal sense of belonging in the engineering profession. Results indicate that while 58.1% of survey respondents had a high sense of belonging, racialized women and white women disproportionately rated a lower sense of belonging, despite increases in representation. Further investigation reveals that for racialized women continued low visibility, discrimination, barriers to licensing, and views on what counts as engineering work were some of the reasons for a lower sense of belonging. This mixed-methods research reveals the hidden curriculum – institutional mechanisms – within the profession that contributes to weathering in the profession and highlights the importance of using an intersectional lens when looking at belonging.
Learning while impacting the community around you
Authors: Oluma Adama , Al-Hammoud Rania
Published: October 2024

Community-based learning is a form of education that has been researched as part of higher education. It is an opportunity for the students to feel connected with the communities and develop their engineering identity. First-year engineering mechanics students took their learning to the next step by teaching engineering concepts to middle school kids as part of their learning process. The first-year engineering students developed and delivered interactive lesson plans to year 7 and 8 pupils in middle schools across Ontario. The project aimed at developing engineering knowledge through teaching, while enhancing the interest in engineering amongst the participating middle school kids. The study analyses the processes followed in executing the project and the perceived impact on first-year engineering students. The NVivo software is used in this study to assess the sentiments on the project from the reflection reports of the first-year engineering students.
Total Basilar Artery Thrombosis Presenting with Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs): A Case Report
Authors: AlRowaished Bader , Holzwarth Grover , AlMalki Rwan , AlShagawi Ziyad , AlGhamdi Abdulaziz
Published: October 2024

Background: Managing acute ischemic stroke in patients with significant comorbidities, such as hypertension, heart failure, and substance abuse, presents unique challenges. Timely intervention is critical, but the risk of complications and poor prognosis is high.
Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male with a history of smoking, drug abuse, poorly controlled hypertension, and dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 25%-30% presented with sudden left-sided weakness, facial droop, and dysarthria. The initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scal score was 6. Computed tomography (CT) brain showed no acute infarctions but revealed chronic lacunar infarctions and atrophy. CT angiography identified significant vascular abnormalities, including right internal carotid artery attenuation and non-visualization of both intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries. Intravenous thrombolysis (tPA) led to initial improvement, but recurrent strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) followed, leading to intubation and mechanical ventilation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed evolving infarctions in the pons and cerebellum. A basilar artery thrombectomy was successfully performed, but postoperative complications included spontaneous pneumothorax and femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, requiring further interventions. Due to extensive posterior circulation infarction, the patient had a poor neurological prognosis and was placed on do not resuscitate status.
Conclusion: This case highlights the complexities of treating acute ischemic stroke in patients with substantial comorbidities. While interventions such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy are critical, they carry risks. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to balance immediate treatment with considerations of long-term prognosis and quality of life. 
Inhaled corticosteroid phobia among parents of asthmatic children in Al-Qassim region
Authors: AlOlayan Abdullah , Alsharekh Nasser , Alsaleem Reema , Alawaji Mayadah , Alharbi Omar , Alsowinea Abdulrahman , Almadhi Afnan , Almutairi Fatimah
Published: October 2024

Background: Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, leading to symptoms such as breathing problems, coughing, and shortness of breath. The condition affects persons of all ages and genders and can be life-threatening if left untreated, particularly among children. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used for long-term treatment of asthma patients. It is important to understand how parents of asthmatic children perceive their child's medication and treatment in order to support the effective management of childhood asthma.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study collected data from 196 parents of asthmatic children in Al-Qassim region. The participants completed the questionnaire and ensured anonymity. Data management and analysis were performed using the SPSS program.
Results: The findings revealed that the majority of 123 (62.7%) of parents had one asthmatic child; with nearly half (95, 48.5%) of their children being over 5 years old. Most of the children had been hospitalized for asthma 167 (85.2%) and were taking bronchodilator medication (102, 52.0%). The majority of the parents had knowledge about cortisone sprays (144, 73.5%) with a significant number expressing concern about their use (135, 68.9%) and worrying about their side effects (88, 65.1%). The overall prevalence rate of corticosteroid phobia among the parents of asthmatic children was found to be 68.9% (135/196). Statistically significant associations were identified between education level, current use of medicines, and the prevalence of corticosteroid phobia with p-values (p = 0.010* and p < 0.001*) respectively.
Conclusion: The study revealed a considerably higher than average prevalence rate of ICS phobia among the parents of asthmatic children. Parents were concerned about their children using corticosteroids, with social media being the primary source of their worries. This phobia had a significant impact on the adherence to prescribed corticosteroids for treatment or control of asthma, as a notable proportion of parents either reduced their child's dosage or discontinued the medication altogether.
Un recorrido por "El Dorado: Myths of Gold". La apuesta por la descolonización en espacios expositivos
Authors: Méndez Castañeda Lina María
Published: October 2024

Review. Un recorrido por "El Dorado: Myths of Gold". La apuesta por la descolonización en espacios expositivos
Прогнозування поголів’я птиці за допомогою моделі Sarimax
Authors:   Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана, Кулик Анатолій , Мельник Ольга ,   Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана, Островська Марія ,   Київський національний економічний університет імені Вадима Гетьмана
Published: October 2024

Галузь птахівництва відіграє важливу роль у забезпеченні харчової безпеки, економічному розвитку та впровадженні новітніх технологій, що робить її актуальною і в сучасних умовах. Для дослідження прогнозування кількості поголів’я птиці було запропонована модель Sarimax, яка базується на регресивних методах. Дане дослідження дозволяє господарствам і підприємствам у галузі птахівництва розуміти, яка кількість продукції (яєць, м’яса) може бути отримана в майбутньому. Це допомагає зробити необхідні управлінські кроки: планувати потреби в ресурсах, покращити ефективність, збільшити прибуток, знизити витрати й адаптуватися до змін на ринку.
Механізм управління дефіцитом Державного бюджету України в умовах впровадження воєнного стану
Authors:   Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича, Грубляк Оксана , Сила Владислав ,   Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка»
Published: October 2024

У статті досліджено визначення сутності поняття «управління дефіцитом бюджету». Проведено аналіз зміни обсягу і структури дефіциту державного бюджету України за період 2019-2023 рр. Виявлено, що основною причиною зростання дефіциту бюджету є збільшення військових витрат та зроблено висновок про необхідність удосконалення механізму управління дефіцитом державного бюджету. Побудована структура зазначеного механізму, до складу якої входять принципи, інструменти, важелі, закономірності, методи і підходи. Надана характеристика кожній із наведених складових. Зазначено, що в умовах війни й повоєнного відновлення економіки є тісний взаємозв’язок між механізмом управління дефіцитом бюджету та механізмами репатріації російських активів та реінтеграції вимушених мігрантів в Україну.
Emotional and User-experience Factors Influencing Student Performance: A Case Study of First-year Online Computer Programming Assignments
Authors: Bhaw Nishaal , Kriek Jeanne , le Roux Petra
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the interplay between achievement emotions, user experience, and academic performance of online university assignments. Drawing on Pekrun’s Control-Value Theory (CVT), User Experience Theory (UXT), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), and Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), the research explores how these factors impact first-year students’ engagement and performance in a computer programming module. The sample comprised 350 responses across three assignments, with 292 responses for Assignment 1, 30 for Assignment 2, and 27 for Assignment 3. Achievement emotions were assessed using the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) across eight scales: enjoyment, hope, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, and boredom. The User Experience Questionnaire (UX) evaluated user experience across four scales: ease of use, interest, alignment, and appeal. Additionally, academic performance was measured as a percentage. Descriptive statistics revealed the prevalence of both positive and negative emotions, as well as varied user experiences. Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between positive emotions (enjoyment, hope, pride) and higher academic performance, while negative emotions (anger, anxiety, hopelessness) were negatively correlated with performance. Positive user experiences (ease of use, interest, alignment, appeal) were also positively correlated with academic success. Reliability analysis confirmed the internal consistency of the scales, and regression analyses demonstrated that both achievement emotions and user experiences significantly predict academic performance. Recommendations for educators are to create assignments that minimise cognitive load, maximise positive user experiences, and support students’ intrinsic motivations.
Depressão pós-parto em pacientes na adolescência
Authors: Guedes Carolina Cotrim , Rodrigues Cecília Felipe , Aleixo Daniela de Souza e Silva , Fernandes Fernanda Borges de Almeida , Melo Ingryd Capuci , Martins Letícia Teixeira , Cardoso Júnior Marcos Silva , Borges Maria Eduarda de Almeida , Esteves Paulo Lisbão de Carvalho
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a incidência e correlação entre a Depressão pós parto (DPP) e a gravidez na adolescência. Revisão bibliográfica: A DPP é um transtorno psiquiátrico, com sintomas semelhantes ao transtorno depressivo maior, e que ocorre, habitualmente, em até 12 meses após o parto. Esse transtorno é causado por um conjunto de fatores biológicos e psicossociais, tais como: variações hormonais, vulnerabilidade genética ou alterações de natureza sexual, psicológica e financeira. A adolescência, em adição, é um período de mudanças comportamentais, hormonais, sociais e psicológicas por si só, o que torna a gravidez na adolescência um importante fator de risco para a DPP. Esse transtorno pode causar danos cognitivos e sócio-emocionais para a mãe e para a criança, portanto um diagnóstico e intervenção precoces são essenciais. Considerações finais: Há uma grande incidência da DPP em puérperas adolescentes, o que resulta em graves repercussões no desenvolvimento infantil, demonstrando-se assim a necessidade de uma maior atenção à saúde mental dessas mães.
Increased Body Mass Index is Independently Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Viswanathan Vijay , SelvaElavarasan Sivashankari , Kumpatla Satyavani
Published: October 2024

Background

The alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity has implications for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to assess if increased body mass index (BMI) can be an independent risk factor for CKD and T2D in the Indian context.

Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 602 (M:F = 378:224) participants were screened using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) from January to October 2023 in Chennai. Demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, clinical details, and comorbidities were recorded. T2D with CKD low risk was taken as control group, and CKD moderate and high risks were the study groups. BMI was classified based on the Asian criteria into normal (18.5–22.9), overweight (23–24.9), and obese (≥25 kg/m2).

Results

Majority of participants in moderate and high risk categories were obese compared to the low risk category (60.5% and 66.4% vs. 39.1%; p < 0.001). A higher proportion of participants was on antihypertensive drugs in the high risk group and in the obese category (p < 0.001). Comorbidities and diabetic complications were higher in the high risk group (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age of ≥ 60 years [OR(95% CI); 6.3(2.2–18); p = 0.009]; increased BMI as overweight [3.6(2.1–6.3); p < 0.001] and obese [5.2(3.3–8.3); p < 0.001]; smoking [4.2(1.7–10.2); p = 0.002]; increased duration of diabetes of 5–15 years [2.3(1.2–4.5); p = 0.013], 16–25 years [4.8(2.2–10.4); p < 0.001], and >25 years [4.2(1.4–13); p = 0.011]; systolic blood pressure [1.01(1.0–1.03); p = 0.02]; and hemoglobin A1c [1.2(1.1–1.3); p < 0.001] were independent risk factors for the progression of CKD.

Conclusion

Increased BMI was independently associated with CKD in T2D. Overweight and obese individuals are four to five times at risk for CKD progression. Early identification, lifestyle intervention, and weight-lowering drugs may reduce the complications of obesity in T2D and CKD.
A ruptured craniocervical junction perimedullary arteriovenous fistula successfully treated through flow diversion: A case report
Authors: Albiña-Palmarola Pablo , Khanafer Ali , El Mekabaty Amgad , Forsting Michael , Ganslandt Oliver , Henkes Hans
Published: October 2024

Background:

Spinal arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) located at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) are rare and usually present with hemorrhage. Bleeding is usually attributed to arterial feeders arising from the anterior spinal artery (ASA) and aneurysms located on such feeders. Perimedullary AVFs are typically found on the ventral surface of the spinal cord, which makes them difficult to treat through traditional microsurgical methods. In addition, their unique vessel angioarchitecture frequently precludes safe embolization. We present the first case of a CCJ perimedullary AVF successfully treated using flow diversion.

Case Description:

A 76-year-old man was brought to the emergency department after suddenly losing consciousness. On further evaluation, infratentorial subarachnoid hemorrhage and a perimedullary AVF at the ventral surface of the spinal cord were identified. The ASA originated from the left V4 segment, providing a single feeder to the lesion associated with a 2 mm aneurysm. After initial antiplatelet loading, 8 hydrophilic polymer-coated flow diverters were deployed to cover the ASA’s origin in two sessions, achieving the complete occlusion of the lesion and the aneurysm 5 months later, without evidence of ischemic lesions.

Conclusion:

CCJ perimedullary AVFs can bleed with devastating consequences. These lesions can be challenging to treat through traditional microsurgical or endovascular techniques. Progressive occlusion with flow diversion is feasible in single-feeder AVFs, theoretically allowing blood flow reorganization to the cervical spinal cord.
Neurosurgical skills conference for medical students: A before and after study
Authors: Osman Abdel Rahman , Sescu Daniel , Chansiriwongs Aminta , Eiamampai Natthaya , Ismahel Hassan , Ashraf Mohammad , Tsonis Ioannis , Bodkin Peter , Abdulrauf Saleem I.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Undergraduate conferences may improve exposure to neurosurgery among medical students. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a neurosurgical skills conference on medical students’ comprehension and perceptions of the specialty.

Methods:

A before-and-after (BA) study design was employed to assess the effects of a conference that integrated presentations with hands-on sessions. Practical workshops covered craniotomy, spinal fixation, surface anatomy, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, basic surgical skills, and microsurgical simulation. Pre-conference and post-conference surveys, utilizing Likert scales, gauged participants’ attitudes, prior neurosurgical exposure, and understanding of neurosurgical skills. Statistical analysis was conducted on dichotomized responses.

Results:

Thirty-one participants completed both surveys, with the majority being 1st and 2nd-year medical students. Among the participants, 58.1% were female, and 77.4% identified with BAME ethnicities. Following the conference, there was a notable increase in comprehension regarding neurosurgical careers (from 58.1% to 96.8%, P < 0.001) and training criteria (from 22.6% to 93.5%, P < 0.001). The conference enhanced knowledge of indications for craniotomy (P < 0.001), ICP monitoring (P < 0.001), and spinal fixation (P < 0.001). Participants reported improved understanding of the steps involved in craniotomy (P < 0.001), familiarity with basic cranial surgical surface anatomy (P < 0.001), and confidence in performing basic surgical instrument ties (P < 0.001). Although interest in pursuing a career in neurosurgery remained high (from 87.1% to 90.3%, P = 1.000), a majority of participants, both BA the conference, expressed concerns about the impact on personal life (from 58.1% to 64.5%, P = 0.774).

Conclusion:

This study underscores the role of undergraduate mixed-method conferences in augmenting understanding of neurosurgery and nurturing early interest.
Drainage of middle cranial fossa epidural abscess through mastoidectomy: Our experience and review of the literature
Authors: Feng Max , Vacaru Alexandra , Thimmappa Vikrum , Hanak Brian
Published: October 2024

Background:

Otitis media (OM) can uncommonly lead to intracranial complications. Epidural abscesses represent a large proportion of cases; however, literature regarding the optimal surgical management of otogenic epidural abscesses is sparse. Favorably located epidural abscesses may be amenable to drainage through a transmastoid approach because the tegmen mastoideum lies immediately inferior to the middle cranial fossa (MCF).

Case Description:

We report 3 pediatric patients with OM complicated by epidural abscesses of the MCF. The ages ranged from 3 to 6 years old, with 2 females and 1 male. All 3 patients had acute mastoiditis with an abscess of the MCF ranging from 1.6 cm to 6.3 cm at the largest dimension. All patients underwent canal wall-up mastoidectomy with the evacuation of the MCF abscess through a small window, 0.7 × 0.7 cm or less, created in the tegmen mastoideum. All patients were successfully treated through this approach and had complete resolution of their infection on follow-up imaging. There were no postoperative temporal lobe encephaloceles.

Conclusion:

This is one of the few descriptions of the treatment of an otogenic epidural abscess of the MCF through a transmastoid approach. Collaboration with neurosurgery is vital because their familiarity with the intracranial space helped to guide the accurate direction of dissection. This highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of epidural intracranial abscess of the MCF through this approach. The risk of postoperative temporal lobe encephalocele was minimized due to the small tegmen defect size.
Transarterial embolization for anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula based on multi-modal three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Kotsugi Masashi , Konishi Kengo , Yokoyama Shohei , Okamoto Ai , Nakase Kenta , Maeoka Ryosuke , Matsuda Ryosuke , Nakagawa Ichiro
Published: October 2024

Background:

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) in the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) is known to show a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Recently, multi-modal fusion imaging with computed tomography angiography, computed tomography venography, and three-dimensional (3D) rotation angiography have been used preoperatively to ensure anatomical safety. We report on endovascular treatment as a first-line approach for ACFDAVF based on the understanding of vascular anatomy obtained from multi-modal fusion imaging.

Methods:

All patients with ACF-DAVF treated endovascularly as a first-line approach were included in this study. Analyses took into account complications (particularly visual function), immediate angiographic outcomes, and follow-up findings in consecutive patients with ACF-DAVF treated with interventional treatment based on multi-modal fusion imaging.

Results:

Five patients with ACF-DAVF underwent six sessions of transarterial embolization (TAE) in our institution. The five male patients (mean age, 74.5 years; range, 60–84 years) were treated with liquid embolic agents (Onyx, four procedures; n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate, two procedures). No difference was seen between preoperative image evaluation and image evaluation during the endovascular procedure, and in all cases, a microcatheter was navigated into a target artery assumed from preoperative multi-modal imaging, allowing treatment completion in a single procedure. In all cases, the shunt disappeared completely and visual function after procedure was maintained. At the last follow-up, all patients showed a modified Rankin scale score of 0 or 1 with no recurrences.

Conclusion:

Multi-modal fusion imaging facilitates a 3D understanding of the vascular anatomy, allowing TAE as the first-line treatment for ACF-DAVF.
Monitoring of visual-evoked potentials during fat packing in endoscopic resection of a giant pituitary adenoma
Authors: Hong Christopher S , Gerstl Jakob VE , Corrales C Eduardo , Smith Timothy R , Ritzl Eva K
Published: October 2024

Background:

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has become a mainstay surgical approach for sellar pathologies and can effectively decompress mass effects on the optic nerves. Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) have been utilized as an intraoperative adjunct during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to monitor the integrity of the optic pathways, but the data surrounding its reliability and efficacy remain heterogeneous.

Case Description:

An 80-year-old male underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary macroadenoma with preoperative visual deficits related to optic nerve compression. During fat packing of the resection cavity, a decrease in VEPs was noted, which seemingly improved after partial fat removal, although with paradoxically reduced VEP latencies. Despite this, the patient developed a visual field deficit postoperatively, requiring re-operation for further removal of the fat packing.

Conclusion:

This was a case of initially poorly formed VEPs that deteriorated and apparently improved following surgical intervention. The finding of shortened latencies of the VEPs was likely from noise contamination, creating the illusion of improved signal amplitudes. We recommend careful assessment of VEP data for baseline reproducibility, particularly in patients with pre-existing visual field deficits. Appropriate anesthetic selection is also important to reduce noise interference from the electroencephalogram.
Awake lumbar spine surgery performed under spinal versus conventional anesthesia
Authors: Mohi Eldin Mohamed M. , Salah-Eldin Hassan Abdelaaty Ahmed , Youssef Omar , Abdulkawy Alaa A. , Eltoukhy Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Background:

Lumbar spine surgery for discectomy or laminectomy is mostly performed under general anesthesia (GA). Here, we explored whether, in a series of 84 patients, better peri-operative outcomes and lower complication rates could be achieved for those undergoing diskectomy/laminectomy under spinal anesthesia (SA) versus GA.

Methods:

From 2022 to 2023, 84 patients were randomly assigned to undergo lumbar discectomy/laminectomy for stenosis under SA: 42 patients versus GAGA: 42 patients. For these two populations, we analyzed and compared multiple variables, including duration of anesthesia, estimated blood loss (EBL), and outcomes (i.e., including pre/post-operative Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry disability index, and short-form 36 questionnaires).

Results:

Major advantages of SA versus GA included a reduced mean EBL, shorter mean operative time, reduced mean hospital length of stay, and fewer post-operative side effects. Notably, baseline heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure showed no significant differences between SA and GA groups.

Conclusion:

Based on this small preliminary sample of patients undergoing lumbar disc/stenosis surgery, it appeared that SA reduced the mean EBL, offered shorter mean operative times, mean hospital lengths of stay, and fewer post-operative side effects versus GA.
Отечественный и зарубежный опыт организации образовательного процесса на основе построения индивидуальных образовательных траекторий
Authors: В.В. Гриншкун , А.А. Заславский
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается отечественный и зарубежный опыт организации образовательного процесса на базе применения технологий информатизации для построения индивидуальных образовательных траекторий. Представлены результаты анализа организации образовательного процесса во Франции, Америке, Японии, Финляндии, разных регионах России.

The article considers the domestic and foreign experience of organizing the educational process based on the use of information technologies for building individual educational trajectories. The article presents the experience of organizing the educational process based on the construction of individual educational trajectories based on the analysis of the organization of the educational process in France, America, Japan, Finland, and different regions of Russia.
Онлайн-самооценка компетенций: принципы мотивации и государственная политика
Authors: Г.А. Краснова
Published: October 2024

В статье автор описывает предлагаемые им основные принципы и механизмы мотивации различных субъектов рынка труда к использованию интернет-ресурсов самооценки компетенций.

Online Self-Assessment of Competencies: Principles of Motivation and Public Policy In the article, the author describes the basic principles and mechanisms of motivation of various labor market actors to use Internet resources for self-assessment of competencies.
Особенности обучения технологиям искусственных нейронных сетей в рамках массовых открытых онлайн-курсов
Authors: Д.В. Бордачев
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены особенности обучения технологиям искусственных нейронных сетей в рамках массовых открытых онлайн-курсов. В современных условиях широкую популярность набирают дистанционные формы обучения, позволяющие выбрать обучающемуся те курсы и те программы обучения, которые ему интересны. Рассмотрена классификация системы задач для организации массовых открытых онлайн-курсов по данной тематике.

The article discusses the features of training in artificial neural network technologies as part of massive open online courses. In modern conditions, distance learning forms are gaining wide popularity, allowing you to choose those courses and those training programs that are interesting directly to the student and to which he has a great disposition. The classification of the task system for organizing massive open online courses is considered.
О движении манипулятора
Authors: М.А. Патрин , П.В. Полушкин , И.С. Григорьев
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены некоторые существующие манипуляторы и проводится сравнение их с рукой человека. Также рассматривается построение уровней движения и описаны проблемы программирования движений манипуляторов.

The article considers some existing manipulators and compares them with the human hand. Also, consider the construction of levels of motion and describe the problems of programming the movements of manipulators.