bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of New Media on Children
Authors: Jishamol Dr B
Published: April 2021

New media has brought many changes to the individuals, family and the households in general. There are many advantages and disadvantages with regard to the New Media. It is impossible to reject and hide from this new form of media. It is not only important among the peer groups but also for sharing messages and information among families and social groups, hence it is an integral part of a larger community. Most social medias offer communication through Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, linkedIn, Watsapp, and yet other applications. It is further enhanced with usage of smartphones for exchange and sharing photographs, videos and other digital materials. It also provide easy communication through editing and sharing.  Apart from this usage it has its own aggressive nature that capture the young children, who fall in to various kinds of violence. This paper is an attempt to capture the impact of New Media on children.
Introduction on critical visual methodology
Authors: Kumar Dr. J. Vijay Ratna
Published: April 2021

Choosing a particular research method depends on all sorts of factors. This research paper examines the factors related to the basic analytical approach adopted in relation to visual images. The paper discusses some debates about the importance of the visual to contemporary Western societies. It offers a broad analytical framework for understanding how images become meaningful. The paper suggests some criteria for a critical approach to visual materials. It places different methodologies in that framework, to begin to suggest which methods might be best suited for which kinds of analysis. It offers some practical suggestions for referencing and reproducing images in your final work.
Students’ cognitive engagement during emergency remote teaching: Evidence from the Indonesian EFL milieu
Authors: Yundayani Audi , Abdullah Fuad , Tantan Tandiana Soni , Sutrisno Bejo
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has influenced various dimensions of higher education systems globally, including English language learning. To illustrate, the pedagogical practices should be altered from face-to-face to online modes. This move affects students' learning engagement, notably cognitive engagement. Although myriad studies have focused on probing students' cognitive engagement, little is known about how students engage cognitively during emergency remote teaching (ERT). To fill this void, this study investigated students' cognitive engagement in English language learning activities in an ERT environment. Sixty students from three Indonesian higher educational institutions were involved as participants. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed with thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The findings revealed that students, (1) deploying metacognitive language learning strategies, (2) possessing self-regulated learning, (3) designating English language learning motivation, (4) showcasing critical thinking as a manifestation of students’ cognitive engagement, and (5) connecting teaching materials to the students’ daily life. The implications of this study call for emphasizing students’ English language learning needs and teachers’ continuous professional development.
The learnability of word knowledge aspects in Thai EFL high school learners
Authors: Nontasee Worakrit , Sukying Apisak
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the learnability of multiple word knowledge aspects and the relationship between the word knowledge aspects. A total of 261 Thai high school students were measured on receptive and productive word knowledge aspects: word parts, the form-meaning link, and collocations. The current findings indicated that word parts are acquired first, followed by the form-meaning link and collocations, which suggest the receptive and productive continuum of learning word knowledge aspects. The present results also indicated an interdepended association between word knowledge aspects. Overall, the findings suggest receptive and productive knowledge of word knowledge aspects is an essential underpinning for vocabulary knowledge growth. Recommendations for future studies are also discussed.
Blue straggler populations beyond the Milky Way
Authors: de Grijs Richard , Sun Weijia , Li Chengyuan , Deng Licai
Published: April 2021

Although the formation of blue straggler stars (BSSs) is routinely attributed to stellar interactions in binary systems, the relative importance of the direct collision and slow(er) stellar coalescence formation channels is still poorly understood. We selected a sample of 24 Magellanic Cloud star clusters for which multi-passband Hubble Space Telescope images are available to address this outstanding question. We compiled a BSS database, containing both traditional and evolved BSSs. We found a robust correlation between the number of BSSs in a cluster’s core and its core mass, NBSS,core ∝ M0.51±0.07 core, which supports the notion that BSS formation is linked to a population’s binary fraction. At low stellar collision rates, the mass-normalised number of BSSs does not appear to depend on the collision rate, which implies that the coalescence-driven BSS formation channel dominates. Comparison with simulations suggests that stellar collisions contribute less than 20% to the total number of BSSs formed.
High-strength concretes based on anthropogenic raw materials for earthquake resistant high-rise construction
Authors: Bazhenov Yu. M. , Murtazaev S-A.Yu. , Bataev D.K-S. , Alaskhanov A. H. , Murtazaeva T.S.A. , Saydumov M.S.
Published: April 2021

This work is devoted to development of optimum recipes of high-strength concretes based on filled binders with fine-milled anthropogenic mineral filler intended for earthquake resistant high-rise monolithic construction. The optimum recipes of concretes in this work have been developed on the basis of computations and experimental designing of cast concrete mixes with chemical additives and anthropogenic mineral fillers, as well as destructive inspection methods as the most precise for analysis of physicomechanical and deformation properties of concrete. The following raw materials have been used for production of high-strength concretes: natural quartz sands with the fineness modulus F.M. = 1.7-1.8; crushed limestone with the particles sizes of 5-20 mm; water reducing chemical additives and hardening retarder to control specifications of concrete mixes; plain Portland cement, grade PTs 500 D0; anthropogenic mineral additives (fillers) in the form of crushed concrete and ceramic bricks. Optimum recipes of monolithic concretes have been designed using anthropogenic raw materials including normal concrete grades with compressive strength of M30-M40 and high-strength concrete grades of M50-M80, characterized by high homogeneity of cement stone with significantly finer pores and lower shrinkage. Herewith, it has been established that fine-milled anthropogenic mineral filler in the form of crushed concrete and ceramic bricks at the ratio of 70:30, respectively, efficiently influences specifications of concrete mixes on their basis significantly increasing resistance of the mix against sedimentation and water gain. It has been established that the developed high-strength concretes based on filled binders with fine-milled anthropogenic mineral filler are characterized by high freeze–thaw resistance (from F400 to F600) and water tightness (W14 and higher), which is a solid base providing high lifecycle of such concretes.
Fracture resistance of railway ballast rock under tensile and tear loads
Authors: Bahmani A. , Nemati S.
Published: April 2021

The influence of loading type on tensile and tearing fracture resistance of ballast rock was assessed using edge-notched diametrically compressed disc (ENDC) and edge-notched disc bend (ENDB) test geometries. The geometry of these two specimens was similar; however, their loading type (i.e., three-point bend and diametral compressive) was different affecting the geometry factors. The obtained pure tensile fracture toughness (KIc) using the ENDB test was higher than the ENDC test. In contrast to tensile fracture toughness, the pure tearing fracture toughness (KIIIc) in the ENDC test was higher than the ENDB fracture test. The obtained experimental data were explained in terms of crack propagation path, since two distinct trajectories were observed for both configurations under tearing deformation.
El Solve et repete en el ambiente tributario. Apuntes críticos en torno a las tesis que justifican su exigencia
Authors: Bencomo Fariñas Yaneisi
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se exponen argumentos que detractan el sostenimiento, en la actualidad, de una de las más reconocidas reglas procesales en el campo del derecho tributario: el solve et repete o pago previo. El objetivo es realizar una valoración crítica de las diferentes tesis que se han defendido en la doctrina para justificar la exigencia de este requerimiento económico en el panorama tributario, y se reflexiona en torno a sus insuficiencias. De forma paralela, se enfatiza en la necesidad de que cada Estado, al instituir las potestades y prerrogativas de la administración tributaria, garantice que estas no atenten contra el irrestricto respeto, aseguramiento y defensa de los derechos de los obligados tributarios –en particular de los contribuyentes–; en tanto los derechos se erigen en fin y límites constitucionales del ejercicio del poder estatal y de las competencias de los gobernantes y órganos del poder público.
La consulta popular en México. Una propuesta para el fortalecimiento de su diseño institucional a partir de experiencias normativas latinoamericanas
Authors: Morán Torres Enoc Francisco
Published: April 2021

El diseño institucional de consulta popular que prima en México representa un considerable avance normativo en la materia. Sin embargo, la complejidad de requisitos, la restricción en las materias de consulta y el interés del poder legislativo por privilegiar la decisión política sobre la petición de consulta dificultan su operacionalización y restringen la participación de la ciudadanía en los asuntos públicos del país, puesto que la única vía para que esta se dé continúa siendo el ejercicio del voto para efectos de la democracia representativa. En ese sentido, esta contribución académica analiza el diseño institucional mexicano de la consulta popular a fin de identificar aquellos aspectos que dificultan su ejercicio. Para ello, se parte de la revisión de la concepción del fenómeno de consulta popular y de las experiencias normativas que países latinoamericanos como Uruguay, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú han configurado para regular este mecanismo de participación ciudadana. Ello permitirá aportar elementos que contribuyan al fortalecimiento de la consulta popular como mecanismo de democracia directa en México.
From meteorology to linguistics: what precipitation constructions in English, French and Spanish tell us about arguments, argumenthood, and the architecture of the grammar
Authors: Álvarez López Yadira
Published: April 2021

This work takes the variation in syntactic configurations that precipitation verbs display in non-metaphorical contexts in English, French, and Spanish as a case study to examine more general questions about the notions of argument and argumenthood, and how arguments and other elements are introduced in the syntax. It also proposes a unified analysis of such constructions based on a constructivist model (Borer 2005). Specifically, it argues that the syntactic variation attested in this case is a by-product of the combination of general language constraints along with particular features of the functional elements (expletive types), and a general property of the architecture of the grammar: the possibility to merge (and pronounce) the same element in different syntactic positions. The latter explains away: the denominal character of precipitation verbs (Hale & Keyser 1991), thus, the presence of a DP that shares the verb’s root (or a hyponym), and the syntactic and interpretational properties of the DP. In the same vein, some properties and constraints linked to precipitation constructions are reanalyzed as expected outcomes of specific structural configurations, and/or pragmatic effects. The paper also includes a detailed examination of the syntactic evidence that has been put forth to establish the argument status of weather-it, and concludes that once the full interpretation of the syntactic constructions is taken into account, such a claim cannot be justified. Although this work subscribes to the generative tradition, the empirical discussion developed here is relevant beyond this framework.
Herramienta de seguridad operacional en franja de pista con modelos probabilísticos de excursiones de pista
Authors: Pinto Federico , Di Bernardi Alejandro , Coppa Mattias , Pezzotti Santiago , Pitrelli Sergio
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se realiza el desarrollo de una herramienta de análisis de seguridad operacional en franja de pista mediante modelos probabilísticos de accidentes por excursiones de pista. Se presenta una herramienta preliminar que permite caracterizar y evaluar el riesgo operacional presente en franjas de pista y zonas asociadas en aeropuertos con operaciones aerocomerciales. Las conclusiones y recomendaciones obtenidas como resultado permiten lograr un aporte significativo para una mejora en la seguridad operacional. Adicionalmente se valida el desarrollo mediante la aplicación de la herramienta desarrollada en un determinado aeropuerto específico de la región SAM (South America) de OACI. Mediante la información bibliográfica recopilada, se llevó a cabo el análisis de las metodologías existentes asociadas a modelos de riesgo. Se analizaron las problemáticas más habituales en franjas de pista de aeropuertos con tráfico aerocomercial de la región SAM. Con la información obtenida y los criterios adoptados se procedió a identificar los principales factores de riesgo en las franjas de pista y zonas asociadas. Mediante la caracterización de los accidentes ocurridos se determinó la severidad de cada peligro existente, lo cual sirve como base para el desarrollo de la herramienta capaz de identificar el riesgo preliminar y evaluarlo. Se identificaron los aeropuertos más significativos respecto a operaciones en la región; y luego se aplicó la herramienta desarrollada en uno de ellos, para validar la misma.
Necesidad de formación de profesionales en el área de mantenimiento de aeronaves a nivel superior en Honduras
Authors: Betancourt  Mendoza Iván Vladimir , Bueso Carbajal Ramón Emilio
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo de investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la necesidad de Formación de Profesionales en el área de Mantenimiento de Aeronaves a Nivel Superior en Honduras. Una propuesta académica en el tercer nivel educativo lograría un doble beneficio: el mejoramiento del estatus técnico y profesional de las personas que trabajan y trabajarán en el rubro del mantenimiento aeronáutico y el cumplimiento con estándares internacionales en la conformación de una propuesta formativa para este mismo rubro. La metodología aplicada incluyó, además de una revisión de las regulaciones aplicables al mantenimiento aeronáutico, una entrevista a especialistas con conocimiento de los ambientes académicos y prácticos de la ingeniería del mantenimiento aeronáutico y un grupo focal con técnicos activos. Entre los principales resultados se señalan de manera específica las limitaciones atribuibles al marco regulatorio nacional de Honduras y la forma en que estas limitaciones pueden ser complementadas con las orientaciones de la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional - OACI a nivel mundial; también se recoge la anuencia por parte de técnicos y académicos para incorporar al rubro de mantenimiento, personal con una sólida formación físico matemática que debería ser impartida por la Universidad; un tercer resultado es una revisión de la oferta de carreras de grado para mantenimiento aeronáutico de un grupo selecto de universidades latinoamericanas y, un último resultado una propuesta de malla curricular que toma en cuenta las orientaciones que se derivan de la información recolectada y cobra forma a la luz de la experiencia de los investigadores. La investigación concluye en la necesidad de contar en Honduras con una Carrera de Grado en Mantenimiento Aeronáutico para fortalecer en los profesionales de este campo y los potenciales estudiantes, las capacidades para aplicar en su trabajo criterios científicos que permitan una adecuada autonomía de decisión y la correcta aplicación de las directrices técnicas contenidas en los manuales técnicos del fabricante y las regulaciones de aeronáutica civil aplicables al campo del mantenimiento aeronáutico.
Behaviour examples for synthesizing automaton models by temporal formulas
Authors: Pashchenko Dmitry V. , Martyshkin Alexey I. , Trokoz Dmitry A. , Pashchenko Tatyana Yu. , Babich Mikhail Yu. , Butaev Mikhail M.
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with researching and developing the methods that make it possible to account behaviour examples when synthesizing automaton models by temporal formulas. Definitions of the terms and concepts used in work are given; the problem of synthesizing automaton systems according to the specification in the form of temporal formulas and behaviour examples is formulated; a promising algorithm for reducing the problem of synthesizing automaton systems to the Boolean formula satisfiability problem is described; an analysis of the domain and other approaches is carried out. New methods of taking into account behaviour examples in the synthesis of automaton systems according to a specification given in the form of temporal formulas are proposed. Algorithms for constructing graphs of scripts and methods for dividing graphs into clusters are described; they are designed to increase the efficiency of representing behaviour examples used for coding the behaviour examples in the form of Boolean formulas. An experimental study of the proposed methods of accounting for behaviour examples and basic approaches to the presentation of behaviour examples is carried out. The experimental results showed the superiority of the newly developed methods regarding the presentation of scripts in the form of temporal formulas. In summary, the main conclusions of the work carried out are presented.
Bridge-type buildings on small rivers of cities as a solution to transport problems
Authors: Zakharov Arkady V. , Zabalueva Tatiana R.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with bridge-type buildings over small rivers of cities as an urban planning tool that facilitates transport problems in these cities. A large number of small rivers in cities, which create insurmountable obstacles for vehicles, separate urban districts preventing vehicles from moving from one district to another taking the shortest route. This circumstance forces vehicles to travel on major highways, overloading them and creating essential congestions. Embankments along small rivers also lead traffic flows to the main highways. As a result of the conducted research, the authors propose to create bridge-type buildings with transport turnpikes through these obstacles, using them for the infrastructure necessary for the city. Such bridge-type buildings can be constructed at the level of embankments, avoiding access trestles that significantly clutter up the adjacent streets and require reconstruction of the surrounding territories. Small bridge-type buildings for these purposes with a span of up to 25 m based on steel-reinforced concrete structures are not expensive and can be financed by investors in case of their interest to rent premises located on the floors of such bridge-type buildings.
Research of a multithreaded non-deterministic system model
Authors: Pashchenko Dmitry V. , Trokoz Dmitry A. , Martyshkin Alexey I. , Pashchenko Tatyana Yu. , Butaev Mikhail M. , Babich Mikhail Yu.
Published: April 2021

Managing the systems which behaviour is non-deterministic is one of the most important problems in modern management theory. Today, systems with structural and behavioural complexity are prevalent in all areas of human activity, and therefore, their research is of the utmost importance. Such systems, as opposed to deterministic systems, are called non-deterministic. They are characterised by difficult predictable behaviour determined both by external random influences, and within the systems themselves. A clear example of a non-deterministic system is crowds of people, factories, and computer networks and systems. The problem of non-deterministic behaviour directly within the context of professional activities can be seen using an example of building syntactic analysers. The aim of the paper is to design a class of systems oriented towards supporting elements of a discrete event model. The target of research is to simulate discrete event models. The subject of research is a creation of a discrete event model based on the behaviour of an undetermined finite state automaton. During the preparation of the paper, there was developed and practically implemented an algorithm for the application, which materializes the principle of working with threads. The results obtained in the paper are aimed at solving the problem of parallel data processing based on the parallelism of NFA's (non-deterministic finite automaton) behaviour when reading the input string characters. As a result, this should have a positive impact on the regulation of the simulation processes of a non-deterministic system, increasing its efficiency and stability. In conclusion, the algorithm of the application work is disclosed and conclusions about the effectiveness and efficiency of its development are drawn.
Computing with words for student peer assessment in oral presentation
Authors: Rahmanian Mojdeh , Shafieian Mohammadali , Ebrahim Samie Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Peer assessment in an oral presentation can motivate and give more sense of responsibility to students. In recent years, various methods have been proposed to evaluate peers. In this paper, a novel peer online assessment method is proposed for oral presentation using perceptual computing. The output of the proposed system can be a numerical score for the overall assessment of a student in the presentation, which allows comparison and ranking of student performance. Furthermore, a linguistic evaluation that describes the student's performance is obtained from the system. A case study has been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method; then the results are analyzed and reviewed.
Crypto currency's "economic nature" in the light of new monetary theory
Authors: Karpunin Vyacheslav I. , Novashina Tatiana S.
Published: April 2021

The systemic and functional analysis of economic nature of Crypto currency within the modern theory of money is a necessary essential component of the study that allowed the authors to formulate a vision of social and economic model of future international monetary system. The authors consider the substance of money in a dialectic unity of the transformation of forms and spheres of its being. The forms of being of money are: material, monetary, paper, electronic. The spheres of being of money are: social, - the "symbol money"; economic, - the "bank notes"; political and legal, - "monetary units". In this paper we show that money is a financial instrument. Money is a market form of universal claim to a share in the wealth of society. The uncovering of internal intrinsic structure of money allows the authors to show convincingly that a currency, especially a "Crypto currency", cannot have and does not have an "economic nature". In considering the process of historical transformation of international monetary systems, taking into account the real achievements of financial, information, program and social engineering for the creation of a digital "gold" the authors believe that the social and economic model of future international monetary system has received its real approbation.
Proof of Euclid’s fifth postulate and the establishment of the metaphysical foundations of the so-called space (metametry)
Authors: Heyfetz Eduard O.
Published: April 2021

Euclid’s fifth postulate has been accepted as a theorem since the time of ancient Greece. The efforts to prove it have been going on for nearly 2 000 years. Non-Euclidean geometry, based on its rejection, emerged in the first half of the 19th century. The author of the present article returns to the problem by addressing the metaphysical foundations of physics. The author has found the ideal instrument for analyzing infinity to be an infinitely small unit, which cannot be divided further. With the help of this instrument, the fundamental properties of the so-called space were found. It was concluded that there are no oblique or curved lines on the basic level. The apparent curved and oblique lines are stairs with negligibly fluent changing or constant steps, correspondingly. Hence, the refutation of non-Euclidean geometries and seeking a new proof of the postulate. Inter alia, it was found that the requirement to conclude the proof from Euclid’s other four axioms only diverted the attention of mathematicians from the true problem. The author proved the fifth postulate on a plane. Its application to a pair of skew lines is considered. In conclusion, the author describes the basic properties of the so-called space.
The complexities of statistical measurements of new social processes: a system of Downshifting indicators
Authors: Karmanov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Gladilina Irina Petrovna , Zavrazhin Anatoly Vladimirovich , Shubina Irina Vladimirovna , Sergeeva Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

In the 21st century, new social processes that used to be considered illogical, unusual, and even impossible in the recent past are becoming increasingly widespread. Downshifting implying deliberate rejection of the benefits of modern civilization should undoubtedly be viewed as one of such processes. In various countries and corners of the planet, the scale of the development of downshifting has now acquired such a great magnitude that acting like nothing is happening would be both impossible and wrong. Meanwhile, an unequivocal perception of downshifting as an exclusively favorable or unfavorable process has not yet formed in society. In this context, attempts at measuring and statistically evaluating the various parameters of downshifting draw great interest from the point of science and practice. However, it has to be admitted that statistical science somewhat lags behind the present demands and needs of society since the system of downshifting indicators providing its comprehensive characteristic and allowing for a relatively clear answer to the question of the actual role of such an unusual social process has not yet been developed. In this context, the present article examines the specific characteristics of the quantitative analysis of downshifting, analyses various approaches to creating a downshifting statistics indicator system, and presents the authors’ propositions considering the structure and components of the system of downshifting indicators allowing not only comprehensively demonstrating the scale, structure, distribution, and intensity of this process, but also addressing its socio-economic results and consequences.
Correlation analysis of the parameters of oats assimilation apparatus and productivity elements
Authors: Batalova Galina A. , Lisitsyn Evgeny M.
Published: April 2021

On sod-podzolic soils, new data is obtained on the functioning of the photosynthetic structures of oat leaves in various climatic conditions and of biomass accumulation (plant productivity). Based on three-year data (2015-2017) of field experiments with 29 oat genotypes, the relationship between the development of productivity elements and the characteristics of the plant assimilation apparatus is analyzed. The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) was evaluated in acetone extracts on a UVmini-1240 spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU Corporation, Japan). Statistically significant correlations were established between the total leaf surface area and grain mass per plant (r = 0.664), the number of spikelets in a panicle, grain mass per panicle and the mass of the panicle itself (r = 0.548 ... 0.613). These correlations decreased during a drought and increased in conditions of excessive moisture. Oat genotypes with a larger sub-flag leaf had a larger panicle, with a large number of spikelets, grains and of larger grain mass per panicle and plant. During a drought, these correlations decreased. The correlation of the flag leaf area with the grain mass of the panicle and plant under stressful conditions of excessive moisture or a drought increased. With excessive moisture, an increase in the proportion of chlorophyll a in the total chlorophyll pool and in the composition of the reaction centers of photosystems was observed in genotypes with an increased number of spikelets and grains in a panicle, with larger grain masses per panicle and plant, and a mass of 1000 grains. During a drought, the correlation of the content of chlorophylls a and b increased with the following signs: panicle length, panicle mass, number of spikelets in a panicle, and number of grains in a panicle. However, an increase in panicle mass and the number of grains in it was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of chlorophyll a in the total pigment pool and in the composition of reaction centers.
Improvement of the mechanism for managing the investment activities of an industrial concern
Authors: Kaloshina Marina Nikolaevna , Gabuev Vladislav Vyacheslavovich
Published: April 2021

Competitive development of enterprises of the military industrial complex is determined by the implementation of promising investment projects. Amid a global reduction in military spending, military industrial enterprises need to improve their investment performance. This can be achieved due to a combination of factors, the strategic orientation of investment projects to the target guidelines for the organization’s activities being the most important of them. In this regard, the issue of creating an efficient system for managing the investment activities of an enterprise becomes urgent, because such system would contribute to the strategic focus of the ongoing investment projects and efficiently and quickly meet modern challenges. An economic mechanism for managing investment activities and special business processes, as well as procedures for the development and implementation of investment projects and programs by the life cycle stages described through algorithms have been developed for this purpose based on L. Hurwitz's theory of economic mechanisms. The strategic analysis of the activities of a Russian military industrial concern has allowed to formulate the concept of managing the entire concern and to determine the principles, methods, and tools of the business process. Improving the system for managing a set of projects as part of implementing the strategic objectives of the concern has required to improve, streamline, and unify the entire strategic management toolkit in order to increase the investment performance, with due consideration of the role models of responsibility centers and the current legislation. The automated information systems for strategic development and investment project management have been designed based on the outcomes of the research.
English as a Career Subject: Analysis of Nepalese Students’ Expectations, Achievements and Reflections
Authors: Luitel Binod , Poudel Kamal Kumar
Published: April 2021

The present study explores the novice Master's degree pass-outs' initial expectations for learning English as a career subject (ECS), their achievements from learning it and their reflections on the achievements. Ten novice Master's pass-outs' (NMPOs') narrative biographical stories were obtained by applying a questionnaire via the e-mail. The data obtained in the form of the NMPOs' stories were analyzed using the content analysis technique. It was found that the mismatches between the initial expectations and the final achievements outnumbered the links between them. The expectations the NMPOs have achieved are mostly of the integrative kind and those they have not are of the instrumental kind  the latter being an area of their dissatisfactions. Drawing from the results, a future direction suggested to the concerned authority is that ECS should be considered in the light of education as an investment for life. 

 
Fernandez Martinez, een gehuwde priester die een schandaal moet vermijden
Authors: de Jong S.
Published: April 2021

Fernandez Martinez, een gehuwde priester die een schandaal moet vermijden

Een reeks procedures heeft de rechtspositie van de identiteitsgebonden werkgever in het arbeidsrecht nader omlijnd. In de zaak van Martinez tegen Spanje oordeelt het EHRM over de vraag of de rooms-katholieke kerk het contract van een gehuwde priester als leraar katholieke godsdienst en zedenleer aan een openbare school al dan niet hoeft te verlengen. Het EHRM acht geen schending van de persoonlijke levenssfeer aanwezig (art. 8 EVRM). De auteur bespreekt vier deelvragen. Het gaat achtereenvolgens over identiteitseisen die op het imago zien, de toetsing van de belangenafweging, de betekenis van de status geestelijke en de collectieve dimensie van godsdienstvrijheid.
IPR-problemen in de WOR en het enquêterecht
Authors: Laagland F.G.
Published: April 2021

IPR-problemen in de WOR en het enquêterecht

De Ondernemingskamer is de enige bevoegde rechter in feitelijke instantie in WOR- en enquêtezaken. In korte tijd moest de Ondernemingskamer in beide rechtsgebieden oordelen over twee zaken die zich afspeelden binnen internationaal concernverband. Bij internationale kwesties komt het internationaal privaatrecht (IPR) om de hoek kijken. Het gaat bij het IPR om twee te onderscheiden aspecten: (1) de internationale bevoegdheid van de rechter (rechtsmacht) en (2) zijn oordeel over het op het internationale rechtsgeschil toepasselijke recht. In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur aan de hand van de VLM II-beschikking en de Chinese Workers-beschikking na hoe de Ondernemingskamer in WOR- en enquêtezaken omgaat met vragen van internationaal-privaatrechtelijke aard.
La agroecología: acercamiento a la dialéctica de una semántica marginal en América Latina. Una breve historia en red
Authors: Nuñez Juan Felipe , Navarro-Garza Hermilio
Published: April 2021

El capitalismo neoliberal rebasó la verosimilitud sustentable de los biotopos, generando disfuncionalidades eco-sistémicas climático-glocales, y desestructurando los sistemas agroalimentarios. Ante tal escenario, la agroecología emerge como un campo de análisis, a raíz de su codificación como concepto del sistema internacional ONU-FAO, para implementar una agenda mundial para el desarrollo y la seguridad alimentaria. Esto apunta a generar un rizoma social dinamizado por innumerables actores locales que buscan reconvertir al sistema agroalimentario convencional, en sistema agroecológico. Lo anterior expone la necesidad de discutir el campo semántico de la agroecología, como un relato planteado ante dos posibles vías: como una semántica y praxis decolonizadora devenida en espacio polisintético de una gramática social contestataria, o como versión desarraigada y despolitizada de un mainstream extractivista agroalimentario emergente, vulnerador de derechos. Ante esto ¿Es posible que la agroecología logre “desguazar” la cuestionada epistemología de la agricultura neoliberal y proponga una alternativa más promisoria? La pandemia COVID-19 expuso la fragilidad de los sistemas agroalimentarios globales, así como la urgencia de responder a dichos cuestionamientos. Para esto, se analizaron superlativos conceptuales, presentes en investigaciones agroecológicas, como parte de semánticas manifestadas durante la década 2010-2020 en dicho campo, y como una muestra acotada del pensamiento agroecológico en Latinoamérica.
A scientific evening with P. Feyerabend, C.S. Peirce, J.S. Bruner and T.S. Kuhn
Authors: Petryński Wacław
Published: April 2021

The author emphasises the constructivist nature of science and the specific role of abduction in creation of theories. He points out to eclectic nature of science and theory creation and compares scientists’ strategy to that of Foraminifera, as described by E. Heron-Allen. To build tests around their uni-cellular organisms they use any suitable grain of sand. The only mechanism for theory building is the abduction, eclectic by its nature.
Basing on that, the author presents language not as a passive tool for reality description, but as an active instrument for science creation. He illustrates it with the specific interplay between notions “certainty” and “reliability”. Such an interplay unveils specific mechanisms underlying creation, development and improvement of theories (and science as a whole, as well). He points to the fact that certainty belongs to the sphere of abstraction, and reliability – to the sphere of practice. The relations between theory and practice are quite tight in physics. Unfortunately, in biology, and – all the more – in psychology and in motor control, the theory is by far more distal to reality than in physics. As a result, in motor control the share of theoretical reasoning in motor control is by far greater than observations and measurements. In motor control the intellectual courage is, then, by far more needed than the experimental diligence.
Influence of transfer of creative information on the performance of football players
Authors: Duda Henryk , Kaczor Mateusz
Published: April 2021

The increasing level of sporting achievements is the reason for seeking new and different solutions in different areas of the training process. It is therefore aimed at enriching training content with new methods, forms or introducing a more effective organization of training classes. It should be assumed that the way to improve the effectiveness of training consists in combining developmental activities: motor skills, special motor abilities and mental abilities (Naglak 2010, Duda 2016). Among these athletic qualities, considerable reserves are recognized in the teaching-learning of special motor activities and tactics in which athlete's mental abilities are utilized. Hence, by looking for new ways to optimize the training process for players, attention is drawn to a problem that until recently was unpopular in sports learning, and whose relevance is systematically increasing, ie the need for intellectualization of the training process.
The aim of the research
Demonstrating the influence of conscious analysis of the movement task among football players on their performance and on the basis of the importance of thought processes for the efficient performance of movement tasks determining directions for creative teaching of the sport game as an effective way of teaching technical and tactical activities.
Material and methods of testing
The test group will be football players in three age categories:
• Footballers (U-12)
• Juniors (U-16)
• Seniors
In the research process, the creative method will be applied to the creative exercises (Bergier 1996, Duda 2016) based on a conscious analysis of the motor activity.
Results:
The analysis of the research results shows that creative teaching learners achieve better results in motion
Conclusions:
1. Efficacy of motor activity requires understanding of causal relationships.
2. Mentalization of the training process increases the effectiveness of the movement of players.
THE CORRELATIONS OF RITUALS WITH PRE-COMPETITION ANXIETY IN TEENAGE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Basiaga-Pasternak Joanna
Published: April 2021

Rituals are sequences of thoughts and activities which lead to automatically performance (Smith, Kays, 2014). Sometimes they can be maladaptive. The aim of the study was to present the relationships between rituals before the football match and the cognitive and somatic anxiety by young athletes. The target group consisted of 100 participants football players, students of sports-profiled secondary schools. The following tools were implemented: Rituals In Sport, Routine Behaviour In Sport, Sport Anxiety Scale.
The study showed that the most common rituals are „I touch the grass by my hand” and „I cross myself”. The study also showed that increase of somatic and cognitive anxiety, concentration disruption and compulsive behaviours was correlated with increasing of rituals level.
THE IMPACT OF THE CREATIVE MODEL IN TEACHING FOOTBALL ON PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PLAYERS AGED 12 AND 13
Authors: Kaczor Mateusz , Duda Henryk
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Contemporary trends of training children and adolescents in football follow in the direction of teaching creative thinking in games (game intelligence).
Purpose: The aim of the study was to check the impact of the proposed by the authors creative model of teaching young football players on the level of professional knowledge and performance in the game.
Materials and methods: The object of the study was twenty – four seater team "Młodzik/Junior D" from the Football Club “Słomniczanka" Słomniki of players from the age of twelve to thirteen .The study was conducted from September 2015 to June 2016. The research used the method of pedagogical experiment and natural experiment. The technique of parallel groups (the experimental and control ones) was applied in the study. In the evaluation of players the test of special knowledge and assessment of players performance in the game was used.
Results: The results showed that the method of creative education of young players develops effectively both special knowledge and efficiency of the players in games.
Summary: Using modern methods of training young players based on the teaching games comprehensibly contributes towards the increase of their effectiveness and creativity in the game.
The relationship between time of swim start and the power of the lower limbs among young swimmers
Authors: Wądrzyk Łukasz , Staszkiewicz Robert
Published: April 2021

Aim: Determining the relationship between time of swim start and the power of the lower limbs in boys and girls. Basic procedures: 32 swimmers, aged 15-16 years performed the CMJ (counter-movement jump) and the SJ (squat jump). The following were measured: jump height (H), maximal speed (vMAX) and maximal power as well as the average in absolute (respectively: P and PA) and relative terms (PREL and PAREL). Registration Recording of the start jumps to any style freestyle with the measurement of the time to cover the first 10 m of the distance was were conducted (t10). The following were determined: flight length and time (Lf, tf), height of hip joints at the time of start signal (Hh), angle in of the hip joints at the time of loss of contact with the block (AT) as well as at the time of immerging fingers in the water (AE), and the water attack angle (AA). The significance of differences between averages noted in the groups of boys and girls were evaluated and the correlations between variables were described. Main findings: The boys achieved lower t10 values and higher Lf, Hh and AT levels. In this group of subjects, only Hh negatively correlated with t10 (r=-0.57). Significant differences in the level of all variables noted for the boys and girls during the CMJ and SJ were observed. At the same time, none of the indicators characterizing CMJ were correlated with t10. In the group of boys, significant correlations were noted between t10 and H, vMAX, P, PREL, PA in SJ (-0.51≤r≤-0.72). Conclusions: There are differences between the boys and girls in performance of the start jump. One of their causes may be the disproportion in the strength of lower limb muscles. In boys, unlike girls, the SJ jump is valuable in testing the power of the lower limbs significantly correlated with the effectiveness of the start jump. The CMJ jump seems to be of low usefulness in predicting the effectiveness of a swim start.
THE EFFECT OF VIBRO-MASSAGE ON THE LEVEL OF SELECTED MARKER OF MUSCLE DAMAGEAND CONNECTIVE TISSUES AFTER LONG-TERM PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN MALES
Authors: Tyka Anna , Pałka Tomasz , Piotrowska Anna , Żiżka Danuta , Pilch Wanda , Cebula Agata , Tyka Aleksander
Published: April 2021

Study aim. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of using of vibro-massage on specific parameters of frequency, amplitude and pulsation sequence after prolonged physical exercise on post-workout restitution among men, based on the assessment of biochemical concentrations of indicators assessing the degree of damage to muscle cells. Material and methods. A group of 20 men aged 22±2.5 years was selected for the study, with average values of: body height (BH) - 179±1.00 cm, body mass (BM) - 74.3±1.70 kg, percentage of fat content (PF) - 10.8±0.60%, and with a fairly high level
of VO2max 52.6±8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1. Results. In two groups - with the use of vibration procedures (VG) and placebo (PG), statistically significant differences were found for lactate concentration (LA) in blood samples (serum) collected after 15, 30 and 60 minutes, as well as MMP-2, Mb and IL-6 1h later and 24 hours following the exercise. Conclusions. It has been shown that a single, strong physical stimulus causes large disturbances of homeostasis in the body,
while the use of vibro-massage with the indicated parameters, during rest, results in an increase in the rate of the body’s restitution during the post-exercise phase.
VERIFICATION OF SPECIAL AND TASK-ORIENTED MOTOR TEST AMONG COMPETITIVE BALLROOM DANCERS AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF ADVANCEMENT
Authors: Banio Adrianna , Eider Jerzy
Published: April 2021

Aim: Verification of special and task-oriented fitness test of competitive ballroom dancers carried out among the most qualified contestants by Rokita (2006).Basic procedures: The research material consisted of 76 dancers (38 European couples) of the highest international dance class S, who train ballroom dance in European countries, i.e.: Poland, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Ukraine. The research methodology included carrying out a test constructed by Rokita (2006), consisting of a total of 16 “chaines” turns in 2/4 metre and at a rate of 40 bars per minute. Results: The presented results constitute a proof that the tool proposed by Rokita is not reliable for all competitive ballroom dancers. It is obvious that the most qualified male and female dancers show a higher level of physical fitness due to, for example, training. This however does not mean that there are no significant differences between them. Nevertheless, it is impossible to measure them using this test. Therefore, the conducted research led to considerations on the principles of construction of a motor skills test. Conclusions: The presented results constitute a proof that the tool proposed by Rokita is not reliable for all competitive ballroom dances. This test does not fully meet the criteria for the construction of a motor skills test.