bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of deoxynivalenol in wheat by double dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma: identification and pathway of degradation products
Authors: Zhang Min , Ye Zhumiao , Xing Changrui , Chen HongJuan , Zhang Jianhao , Yan Wenjing
Published: December 2022

Background

Deoxynivalenol (DON) produced during the onset of fusarium head blight not only affects the quality and safety of wheat but also causes serious harm to human and livestock health. However, due to the high stability of DON, it is difficult to eliminate it or reduce it naturally after it has been produced. Cold plasma technology is a non‐thermophysical processing technology that has been widely used for microbial inactivation and mycotoxin degradation. In this study, the degradation efficiency of double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) cold plasma on DON in aqueous solution and wheat was studied; the structures of degradation products of DON and its pathway were clarified, and the effect of DDBD plasma on wheat quality was evaluated.

Results

Double dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma was used for efficient degradation of DON (0.5 ~ 5 μgmL^‐1) solution and achieved a degradation rate of 98.94% within 25 min under the optimal conditions (voltage 100 V, frequency 200 Hz, duty cycle 80%). Furthermore, 10 degradation products (C15H24O5, C15H22O6, C15H22O9, C16H22O7, C15H20O7, C15H20O9, C15H18O8, C15H22O5, C16H24O5, and C15H18O9) were identified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF‐MS/MS) combined with Metabolitepilot and Peakview software. The degradation pathway of DON was obtained based on the chemical structures and accurate mass of these products. The DON degradation rate of 61% in wheat was achieved after treatment for 15 min, which slightly affects the moisture content, proteins, and wheat starch.

Conclusion

Applying DDBD to wheat could effectively reduce the level of DON contamination, which provides a theoretical basis for applying cold plasma to the degradation of DON in wheat. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subwavelength Grating Metamaterial Waveguides and Ring Resonators on a Silicon Nitride Platform
Authors: Naraine Cameron M. , Westwood‐Bachman Jocelyn N. , Horvath Cameron , Aktary Mirwais , Knights Andrew P. , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Bradley Jonathan D. B.
Published: December 2022

Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterial waveguides and ring resonators on a silicon nitride platform are proposed and demonstrated. The SWG waveguide is engineered such that a large overlap of 53% of the Bloch mode with the top cladding material is achieved, demonstrating excellent potential for applications in evanescent field sensing and light amplification. The devices, which have critical dimensions greater than 100 nm, are fabricated using a commercial rapid turn‐around silicon nitride prototyping foundry process using electron beam lithography. Experimental characterization of the fabricated device reveals excellent ring resonator internal quality factor (2.11 × 105) and low propagation loss (≈1.5 dB cm−1) in the C‐band, a significant improvement of both parameters compared to silicon‐based SWG ring resonators. These results demonstrate the promising prospects of SWG metamaterial structures for silicon nitride based photonic integrated circuits.
Negative experiences with public bathrooms and chronic illness‐related shame
Authors: Corradi Guido , Leon Leticia , Theirs Cecilia , García‐Garzón Eduardo , Clemente Daniel , Barrada Juan Ramon
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The use of public bathrooms is a challenge for everyone, but especially for those who are affected by a bathroom‐dependent condition. Being dependent on bathrooms is linked with different negative emotions. One of them is a clinically relevant emotion: shame associated with the chronic condition.

Materials and Methods

In a cross‐sectional survey study (n = 193) of people who suffer a bathroom‐dependent condition we asked about health conditions, well‐being, and shame related to chronic condition outcomes.

Results

We show a link between negative public bathroom experiences, and diminished well‐being and feelings of shame related to chronic illness. We found that this relationship between negative experiences with public bathrooms and shame is not specific to the different conditions.

Conclusion

We conclude that the negative experiences which people with different gastrointestinal illnesses face is an environmental stressor associated with more embarrassment as a result of the condition suffered.
New polyurethanes containing cycloaliphatic units in the hard segments. The influence of the microstructure on the thermo‐mechanical and surface properties
Authors: Potolinca Violeta Otilia , Oprea Stefan
Published: December 2022

New linear and cross‐linked polyurethanes with cycloaliphatic units and renewable cross‐linkers (Span 20 and Tween 20) were obtained by two steps polyaddition reaction. The degree of microphase separation was calculated by FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy with higher values for the linear polyurethane with the highest hard segment content (0.88) and lower values for the cross‐linked polyurethane with Tween 20 as cross‐linker (0.35). The results were in accordance with the DSC analysis. The linear or cross‐linked character of the polyurethane structure influenced the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties. The obtained polyurethanes had good thermal stability, with a 5% mass loss at 321°C (HMC 1) and 329°C (HMC 2) for linear polyurethanes and 330°C (HMC 3) and 342°C (HMC 4) for the cross‐linked ones. The morphology and wettability of the cycloaliphatic polyurethanes presented different behavior depending on the amount of the hard segment content and also the chemical structure of the cross‐linker. Linear polyurethanes were characterized by a globular morphology and hydrophobic character, while the use of Tween 20 as cross‐linker led to a fibrillar morphology with a low water contact angle (62°). Mechanical measurements showed that all polyurethanes present elastomeric behavior with high tensile strength values for the linear polyurethanes (33 MPa for HMC 1 and 39 MPa for HMC 2) and lower values of tensile strength for the cross‐linked ones (12 MPa for HMC 3 and 11 MPa for HMC 4), but high elongation at break for all samples (780%–1100%).
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin and healthcare costs – Real‐world data analysis
Authors: Lähteenmäki Jaakko , Vuorinen Anna‐Leena , Lehto Mika , Niemi Mikko , Forsberg Markus M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes have been associated with individuals' sensitivity to warfarin. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of healthcare costs of genetically normal and genetically sensitive warfarin responder groups.

Methods

This was a retrospective study linking genotype data from three Finnish biobanks (THL Biobank, Auria Biobank, Helsinki Biobank) with healthcare encounter data of the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare (THL), drug dispensation data from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) and laboratory data from Finnish hospital districts and municipalities. We compared the normal and sensitive warfarin responder groups in terms of healthcare costs related to bleeding and thromboembolic events, INR tests and medication purchases.

Results

We found a trend towards increased bleeding‐related hospital costs in the sensitive warfarin responder group (881 patients) when compared with the normal responders (1627 patients) with a per patient difference of 150.9 €/year (95% CI: −55.1, 414.6 €/year, p = 0.087). INR test costs were higher in the sensitive responder group with a difference of 7.2 €/year (95% CI: −1.5, 16.4 €/year, p = 0.047). Medication costs were significantly lower in the sensitive responder group with a difference of −14.4 €/year (95% CI: −15.8, −12.9 €/year, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The difference in the costs of bleeding‐related hospitalization between genetically sensitive and normal warfarin responders may justify genotype‐guided warfarin dosing. Further studies with larger sample sizes would be needed to verify the result.
Cefazolin in the treatment of central nervous system infections: A narrative review and recommendation
Authors: Antosz Kayla , Battle Sarah , Chang Jack , Scheetz Marc H. , Al‐Hasan Majdi , Bookstaver P. Brandon
Published: December 2022

Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are complex to treat and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Historically, antistaphylococcal penicillins such as nafcillin were recommended for the treatment of methicillin‐susceptible staphylococcal CNS infections. However, the use of antistaphylococcal penicillins presents challenges, such as frequent dosing administration and adverse events with protracted use. This narrative reviews available clinical and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data for cefazolin in CNS infections and produces a recommendation for use. Based on the limited available evidence analyzed, dose optimized cefazolin is likely a safe and effective alternative to antistaphylococcal penicillins for a variety of CNS infections due to methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Given the site of infection and wide therapeutic index of cefazolin, practitioners may consider dosing cefazolin regimens of 2 g IV every 6 h or a continuous infusion of 8–10 g daily instead of 2 g IV every 8 h to optimize PK/PD properties.
Optical and Magneto‐Tunable Electrical Transport Across La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, Zn0.3Ni0.7Fe2O4/CuPc Hybrid Interfaces
Authors: Deb Debajit , Nath Debarati , Pal Apurba , Dey Puja
Published: December 2022

Light and magnetic field‐dependent carrier transport properties of ITO/(LSMO)/CuPc/Au (Device A) and p‐Si/(ZNFO)/CuPc/Au (Device B) heterostructure devices are investigated. Current (I)–voltage (V) response indicates efficient carrier tunneling through LSMO/CuPc and ZNFO/CuPc interface of the respective devices. Carrier injection (‐HOMO) with tunneling may be present at low bias for Device B, due to small band offset thereby leading to small nonlinearity in I–V curves. Light‐dependent measurements indicate efficient photocurrent generation aided by Frankel exciton generation at CuPc bulk and subsequent separation at LSMO/CuPc interface for Device A. Magnetic field‐dependent scattering both at LSMO/CuPc interface and LSMO bulk has been observed from impedance measurements. Positive magnetoresistance at low bias indicates high degree of positive spin polarization within ZNFO/CuPc interface, at room temperature. ZNFO/CuPc interface resistance reduces with field due to enhanced tunneling owing to reduction in depth of defect states. However, increase in ZNFO bulk resistance has been attributed to increase in interfacial polarization with magnetic field.
Adaptive end‐effector pose control for tomato harvesting robots
Authors: Wang Dong , Dong Yongxiang , Lian Jie , Gu Dongbing
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the development of a tomato‐harvesting robot operating on a plant factory and primarily studies the reachable pose of tomatoes in the nondexterous workspace of manipulator. The end‐effector can only reach the tomatoes with reachable poses when the tomatoes are within the nondexterous workspace. If the grasping pose is not reachable, it will lead to grasping failure. An adaptive end‐effector pose control method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to find a reachable pose. The inverse kinematic solution based on analysis method of the manipulator is analyzed and the objective function of whether the manipulator has a solution or not is obtained. The grasping pose is set as an individual owing to the position of the tomatoes is fixed and the grasping pose is variable. The GA is used to solve until a pose that can make the inverse kinematics have a solution is generated. This pose is the reachable grasping pose of the tomato at this position. The quintic interpolation polynomial is used to plan the trajectory to avoid damage to tomatoes owing to fast approaching speed and a distance based background filtering method is proposed. Experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The radius of the workspace of the UR3e manipulator with the end‐effector increased from 550 to 800 mm and the grasping range expanded by 208%. The harvesting success rate using the adaptive end‐effector pose control method and trajectory planning method was 88%. The cycle of harvesting a tomato was 20 s. The experimental results indicated that the proposed tomato‐recognition and end‐effector pose control method are feasible and effective.
Family conversations about species change as support for children's developing understandings of evolution
Authors: Hohenstein Jill , Tenenbaum Harriet R.
Published: December 2022

To examine the ways that 6‐ to 11‐year‐old children's conversation with their parents support their developing understandings of evolution, 49 parent–child dyads participated in a study with two elicited discussion tasks: origins of species and potential species change. Conversational data were transcribed, coded, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to compare the appearance of reasoning in each type of task. Quantitative analyses revealed correlations between tasks in informed naturalistic reasoning as well as differences in the way reasoning was expressed in each task. In addition, parent–child dyads with older children were more likely to use informed naturalistic reasoning than parent–child dyads with younger children. A subset of the data was analyzed qualitatively and showed that irrespective of how much evolution reference was present in the conversation, parents supported their children's learning through scaffolding. However, greater amounts of nonscientific reasoning appeared in the groups with less evolution talk. This study demonstrates that family talk about evolution varies with context both within and between families.
Fluorometric Dual Sensing of Al3+ and Fe3+ Ions with Novel Green Synthesis Carbon Dot from Ocimum Basilicum
Authors: Bozkurt Ebru
Published: December 2022

New eco‐friendly carbon dot structures (CDs) were synthesized with hydrothermal method from ocimum basilicum in a single step. Structure, morphology and optical analyzes of these new CDs were performed with TEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV‐Vis. absorption and steady‐state fluorescence measurements. It was determined that nano‐sized CDs structures with high fluorescence properties were obtained by the analysis results. The sensor application of CDs was studied using various metal ions with different charges. The results showed that these ocimum basilicum based CDs were sensitive and selective only for Fe3+ and Al3+ ions. LOD values of Fe3+ and Al3+ ions were calculated as 0.12 μM and 0.78 μM, respectively. As a result of interference and response time studies, it was determined that CDs have a highly selective and rapid response for Fe3+ and Al3+ ions. It was observed that CDs have practical applicability with real sample tests. The results obtained showed that this new CDs exhibit both “turn‐off” (for Fe3+ ions) and “turn‐on” (for Al3+ ions) detection simultaneously.
Interfacial Electronic and Photovoltaic Performance of a Novel Lead‐Free Z‐Scheme CsSnBr3/MoSe2 Perovskite Heterostructure: A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Lin Yanming , Li Jiayi , Wei Xinru , Peng Ying , Wang Zhengkun , Jiang Zhenyi
Published: December 2022

Sn‐based perovskite materials with nontoxic, low cost, and unique structure have attracted much attention. However, their efficiency only reaches 14.09% due to the higher carrier recombination rate and short carrier lifetime in photovoltaic applications. Herein, the interfacial electronic structure, optical absorption, interfacial charge transfer mechanism, and photovoltaic performance of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 perovskite heterostructure are systematically investigated by theoretical calculation and experimental observation. The results indicate that the strong coupling and hybridization of interfacial electronic states can lead to a narrowing bandgap, which induces an excellent optical absorption of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 perovskite heterostructure in the visible spectrum. Excitingly, the charge transfer at the interface forms a built‐in electric field, which can effectively promote the interfacial charge transfer between CsSnBr3 (001) and MoSe2 monolayer, complying with a Z‐scheme mechanism. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 heterostructure significantly enhances due to excellent light absorption and Z‐scheme system for extending carrier lifetime. An effective strategy for designing highly efficient Sn‐based perovskite solar cells is reported.
Accelerating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Kinetics by Reconstructing Layered and Defective Ni3FeOOH/FeOOH in a Hematite Photoanode
Authors: Xing Xiu-Shuang , Ren Xiaofei , Zeng Xuyang , Li Ang , Wang Yanqiu , Zhou Zhongyuan , Guo Yao , Wu Shaolong , Du Jimin
Published: December 2022

Surface engineering has outstanding advantages for improving the carrier exaction of photoelectrodes in the photoelectrochemical water splitting field. NiFe‐layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH), as promising catalysts for water oxidation, can facilitate carrier transport. But surface collapse and structural deformation limit their applications. In this work, a hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode is sequentially cumulatively modified with NiFe‐LDH (Ni3FeOOH), Ag/SiO2, and FeOOH, and exhibits a high photocurrent density, which increases from 0.92 to 4.54 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (VRHE). The mechanism studies demonstrate that the introduction of FeOOH suppresses the electrochemical self‐reduction of Ni3FeOOH, remedies the obvious valley formed in the current density and voltage curve, reduces recombination, and facilitates the OH− transformation, which increases the catalytic activities of the photoanode. The Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles can reduce the interface defects between Ni3FeOOH and FeOOH. The density‐functional theory calculation reveals that the valley is caused by the direction of the internal electric field formed between Ni3FeOOH and α‐Fe2O3, which is opposite to that of solid–liquid junction, resulting in serious carrier recombination. FeOOH possesses a higher electrostatic potential than that of Ni3FeOOH and α‐Fe2O3 and forms an internal electric field directing from α‐Fe2O3/Ni3FeOOH to FeOOH, which synergistically promotes carrier separation with solid–liquid junction.
Molecular evaluation of Cryptosporidium spp. among breeding calves of Lorestan province Western Iran
Authors: Talebi Razieh , Javadi Mamaghani Amirreza , Kheirandish Farnaz , Karimi Azadeh , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , Kazempour Mohamad , Zebardast Nozhat , Fallahi Shirzad
Published: December 2022

Background

Cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic intestinal protozoans with global distribution and are of great importance as zoonotic protozoans are common to humans and domestic animals, including cattle and calves. Identification and detection of parasite species using precise methods including molecular methods can be an effective step in treating and controlling parasites.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium among breeding calves of Khorramabad city, Lorestan province, Western Iran, using PCR.

Methods

The faecal samples were taken from 181 healthy and diarrhoeal calves and after the Ziehl Neelsen Acid‐fast staining and microscopic evaluation, the genomic DNA was extracted for molecular evaluations. To detect Cryptosporidium species, specific primers targeting the SAM‐1 gene of Cryptosporidium and a commercial master mix were used for PCR.

Results

Out of 181 faecal samples of breeding calves in Khorramabad city, 9 samples (5%) were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. using the PCR method. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant statistical relationship between Cryptosporidium infection of the calves and variables of age, breed, type of water consumption, clinical signs of diarrhoea, and sampling location, while parasite infection had a significant relationship with calf gender so that all Cryptosporidium positive samples were from male calves (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Considering the presence of Cryptosporidium infection, the region's traditional grazing system, and the close relationship between livestock and humans, there is a possibility of human infection in the region. So preventive measures such as periodic animal testing with sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques including PCR, pharmacological treatment of livestock, water hygiene and the use of industrial grazing instead of traditional grazing to improve the hygiene of food consumed by livestock are recommended.
Assessment of the microvascular perfusion using sidestream dark‐field imaging in healthy newborn foals
Authors: Freccero Francesca , Di Maio Chiara , Mariella Jole , Lanci Aliai , Castagnetti Carolina , Hallowell Gayle
Published: December 2022

Background

Different methods to measure tissue perfusion are available in equine neonatology, but they are not representative of microvascular derangements.

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of the sidestream dark‐field (SDF) capillaroscopy to visualize the capillary microvasculature in conscious newborn foals, the differences between two imaging sites and times of measurements, and the measurements' reproducibility.

Methods

Seventeen healthy newborn foals were enrolled. Three sites at the upper and lower lip mucosa were assessed by SDF, using a hand‐held capiscope, at 24 h and at 4–5 days after birth. Videos were assessed independently by two observers for quality and for semiquantitative calculation of microvascular parameters, including vascular density (VD), microvascular flow index (MFI), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), and functional capillary density (FCD). Data were analyzed using unpaired and paired Student's T‐tests to assess differences between sites and time‐points. Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess measurement reproducibility.

Results

Differences were found between the upper and the lower lip for VD at both 24 h and 4–5 days, and for FCD at 24 h, and between the two time‐points for PPV at the lower lip. ICC for measurement reproducibility was good for all parameters (0.64–0.79) for the lower lip, and was good for VD and FCD (0,76–0,79) and fair to moderate for MFI and PPV (0.31–0.41) for the upper lip.

Conclusions

Measurement of the capillary microvasculature is feasible in the conscious newborn foal. The lower lip has the best measurement reproducibility. Further investigations are warranted in cardiovascularly compromised cases, particularly in septic foals.
Energy and Society: Toward a Sustainable Future
Authors: Griffith Saul
Published: December 2022

Energy is the single greatest lever that moves civilization. As a society, we have pulled upon fossil fuels as a historical source of energy, but have begun transitioning toward alternatives. This chapter explores our global move toward alternative forms of energy, their feasibility and impacts, and the kind of world we can create with a decarbonized and electrified future. We thus need to consider how much energy we need, and evaluate alternative sources of energy including nuclear power. Then we need to consider what the effects of achieving a sustainable energy future would be, including impacts on biodiversity and land use. These goals will aid in creating a sustainable civilization while mitigating the destruction of biodiversity and further impacts to planetary life support systems.
Polarization in Cascade Decays
Authors: Faccioli Pietro , Lourenço Carlos
Published: December 2022

This chapter addresses the case of a vector particle produced indirectly from the decay or transformation of a particle having $$J = 0$$ ($$\chi_{c0} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi \, \gamma$$, $$\mathrm{B} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi \, \mathrm{K}$$, $$\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z} \, \gamma$$, etc.), $$J = 1$$ or $$J = 2$$ ($$\chi_{c1,2} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi \, \gamma$$, $$\mathrm{Z} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi \, \gamma$$, etc.), describing the polarization frame definitions that can be adopted to represent the two-step process, and their respective advantages. We illustrate how several measurement and kinematic conditions can lead to very different observable polarizations of the vector particle, in the special but frequent case where the intermediate decay step remains unobserved and only the final dilepton angular distribution is measured. We also discuss how the peculiar observation, made at the LHC, of almost unpolarized “directly” produced J/$$\psi$$ mesons may be understood as the result of a two-step production mechanism.
Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on Delayed Gastric Emptying and Nutritional Status After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Hosoda Kiyotaka , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Masuo Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Sakai Hiroki , Ikehara Tomohiko , Yasukawa Koya , Hayashi Hikaru , Soejima Yuji
Published: December 2022

Background

Although early enteral nutrition (EEN) is an accepted practice after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), the impact of EEN on postoperative complications or nutritional status remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of EEN on delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and nutritional status after PD.

Methods

A total of 143 patients underwent PD between January 2012 and September 2020. We excluded patients who underwent a two‐stage pancreatojejunostomy, in whom the enteral tube was accidentally pulled out, or with insufficient information in their medical records. The incidence of postoperative complications was compared between patients who received EEN (EEN group, n = 21) and those who did not (control group, n = 21) after propensity score matching. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors affecting the incidence of these complications. Nutritional status was assessed at postoperative months 1, 3, and 6.

Results

The incidence of grade B/C DGE in the EEN group was significantly lower than that in the control group (4.8% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in overall morbidity, incidence of any other postoperative complications, or all‐grade DGE. In multivariate analysis, EEN was associated with a reduction in the incidence of grade B/C DGE (p < 0.01). In the analysis of nutritional status, EEN was significantly associated with better nutritional status at postoperative month 1.

Conclusion

EEN can lead to a lower clinically relevant DGE rate and better nutritional status in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing PD.
Index Admission Cholecystectomy for Biliary Colic Precludes the Risk of Readmissions with Biliary Complications and should be Standard Treatment
Authors: Lucocq James , Patil Pradeep , Scollay John
Published: December 2022

Background

Emergency biliary colic admissions can be managed with an index or elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Opting to perform an elective LC may have significant repercussions such as the risk of readmissions before operation with further attacks or with biliary complications (e.g. cholecystitis, pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis). The risk of readmission and biliary complications in patients admitted with biliary colic but scheduled for elective surgery has never been investigated. The secondary aim was to compare rates of peri‐operative morbidity between the index admission, elective and readmission LC cohorts.

Method

All patients admitted with a diagnosis of biliary colic over a 5‐year period and proceeding to LC were included in the study (n = 441). The risk of being readmitted and suffering further morbidity whilst awaiting elective LC was investigated. Peri‐operative morbidity was compared between the index admission, elective and readmitted LC groups using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Following a biliary colic admission, the risk of readmission whilst awaiting elective LC is significant (2 months‐25%; 10 months‐48%). In this group, the risks of subsequent biliary complications (18.0%) and the requirement for ERCP (6.5%) were significant. Patients who are readmitted before LC, suffer a more complicated peri‐operative course (longer total length of stay, higher post‐operative complications, imaging and readmission).

Discussion

Index admission LC for biliary colic avoids the significant risk of readmission and biliary complications before surgery and should be the gold standard. Readmitted patients are likely to have higher rates of peri‐operative adverse outcomes. Patients should be counselled about these risks.
Climate change impacts on wind power generation for the Italian peninsula
Authors: Bonanno Riccardo , Viterbo Francesca , Maurizio Riva Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Wind energy is one of the key renewable resources contributing to climate change mitigation policies in national and international energy transition strategies. However, climate change itself can affect the availability of wind resources, due to possible future changes in large-scale circulation pattern. This study aims to understand whether how and to what extent current and future climate change is affecting wind producibility in Italy. In this analysis, the 10 m wind speed from Euro-CORDEX regional climate models was bias-corrected using MERIDA meteorological reanalysis and the wind producibility is calculated, using a reference turbine chosen among the most commonly installed in Italian wind farms. The changes in the availability of wind resources from the reference period 1986–2005 for the short (2021–2050), medium (2051–2080), and long term (2071–2100) are analyzed, considering both the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The results show a prevalently weak and not statistically significant climate signal for the RCP 4.5 scenario, while a more pronounced and significant signal is highlighted for the RCP 8.5 scenario in the medium and long term, indicating a decrease in wind producibility. Specifically, the conclusions suggest that future planning of wind producibility should mainly focus in some specific areas of the eastern Italian coast and in the south-east Italian regions, mostly in the off-shore areas. In these regions, indeed, the RCP 8.5 scenario shows the lowest decrease in the overall annual producibility, while, for the RCP 4.5 scenario, the medium and the long term foresee a slight increase in wind producibility at the annual level, while, in the short term, an increasing trend is observed mostly in the spring season.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Relationship Between Trauma-Related Cognitive Processes and Internalising and Externalising Psychopathology in Young People in Out-of-Home Care
Authors: Davis Rebecca S , Halligan Sarah L , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Elliott Elizabeth , Ward Georgina , Hiller Rachel M
Published: December 2022

Young people in out-of-home care are at increased risk of developing a range of posttrauma mental health difficulties, including PTSD, but more commonly anxiety, depression and externalising symptoms. Cognitive models of PTSD indicate that trauma-related maladaptive appraisals, coping strategies and trauma memory qualities are key processes in the development and maintenance of PTSD, yet there has been limited investigation of the potential role of these processes in broader posttrauma psychopathology, particularly in young people who have been exposed to complex, rather than acute, trauma. We recruited 120 10–18 years olds in out-of-home care, and their caregivers, who completed assessments at two time points: baseline and 12-month follow-up. Young people completed self-report measures of trauma-related maladaptive appraisals, coping strategies and trauma-memory qualities, as well as reporting on PTSD, anxiety, depression and externalising symptoms. Carers also reported on internalising and externalising symptoms. We found that all three cognitive processes were associated with baseline self-reported internalising symptoms, with maladaptive appraisals most robustly associated with both anxiety and depression. Changes in all three processes over 12-months predicted a change in self-reported internalising and externalising symptoms, with maladaptive appraisals and coping predicting anxiety symptoms, and coping uniquely predicting depression and externalising symptoms. Effects remained after controlling for co-occurring PTSD symptoms. Findings were not replicated when using carer-reported symptoms. These findings suggest that existing cognitive models of PTSD may also usefully explain broader posttrauma depression, anxiety and externalising symptoms in young people who have experienced maltreatment and live in out-of-home care. Clinical implications are discussed.
Taking the nominative (back) out of the accusative
Authors: Christopoulos Christos , Zompì Stanislao
Published: December 2022

The nominative, the accusative and the dative have been recently argued to stand in proper containment to one another. In contrast to more traditional decompositions which posited no such containment, this new decomposition has been shown to account for the absence of ABA exponence patterns for this triplet of cases, i.e. for the fact that no rule of exponence applies in both nominative and dative without also applying in the accusative. We point out that, in addition to its desirable predictions regarding *ABA, the more recent decomposition also makes an undesirable prediction about the derivation of ABB patterns, as we show based on data from Indo-European languages. We argue that a third theory—under which the accusative is properly contained within the dative, but the nominative and the accusative do not stand in a containment relation to one another—accounts for all the relevant facts.
Cyclic stress–dilatancy relations and plastic flow potentials for soils based on hypothesis of complementarity of stress–dilatancy conjugates
Authors: Tsegaye Anteneh Biru
Published: December 2022

Soil, rocks and rock masses dilate or compact when sheared, i.e., distortion necessitates volume change. This coupling between distortional strains and volumetric strains, described by stress–dilatancy theories, endows soils with manifestation of peculiar characteristics when they are subjected to shear. Stress–dilatancy theories have become central in describing the mechanical energy dissipation mechanism and further establishing flow rules in constitutive modelling of soils. The classical stress–dilatancy theories, such as Taylor's and Rowe's, are endowed with simplicity and descriptive power, but they were developed for describing the dilatancy behaviour of soils subjected to loading in shear (mobilizing away from isotropic stress state) and needed to be extended for describing plastic dissipation and shear-induced volumetric changes when soils are subjected to cyclic shear. In this paper, hypothesis of complementarity of stress–dilatancy conjugates is proposed as a unifying hypothesis for deriving stress–dilatancy relations for both loading in shear and unloading in shear. Then, plastic potential functions are derived based on the resulting stress–dilatancy relations. In so doing, the resulting stress–dilatancy relations and plastic potential functions are rendered with a quality to be used for the modelling of deformation behavior of soils subjected to both monotonic and cyclic shearing. The theoretical framework is applied first for plane strain and axisymmetric stress–strain conditions; and then extended for the general stress condition considering the Lode angle dependency of the shear strength of soils, using the multilaminate framework and applying the Matsuoka–Nakai spatial mobilized plane.
Aspects of the Kahane–Salem–Zygmund inequalities in Banach spaces
Authors: Defant Andreas , Mastyło Mieczysław
Published: December 2022

The main aim of this work is to discuss several different approaches to the celebrated Kahane–Salem–Zygmund inequalities. In particular, we prove estimates for exponential Orlicz norms of averages $$\sup _{1\le j\le N}\Big |\sum _{i=1}^K a_i(j) \gamma _i\Big |\,,$$

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1
≤
i
≤
K

and the $$(\gamma _i)$$

(

γ
i

)

form a sequence of real or complex subgaussian random variables. Lifting these inequalities to finite dimensional Banach spaces, we get some new Kahane–Salem–Zygmund type inequalities—in particular, for spaces of subgaussian random polynomials and multilinear forms on finite dimensional Banach spaces, and also for subgaussian random Dirichlet polynomials.
Estimates in direct inequalities for the Szász–Mirakyan operator
Authors: Adell José A. , Cárdenas-Morales Daniel
Published: December 2022

This paper deals with the approximation of continuous functions by the classical Szász–Mirakyan operator. We give new bounds for the constant in front of the second order Ditzian–Totik modulus of smoothness in direct inequalities. Asymptotic and non asymptotic results are stated. We use both analytical and probabilistic methods, the latter involving the representation of the operators in terms of the standard Poisson process. A smoothing technique based on a modification of the Steklov means is also applied.
Network cards: concise, readable summaries of network data
Authors: Bagrow James , Ahn Yong-Yeol
Published: December 2022

The deluge of network datasets demands a standard way to effectively and succinctly summarize network datasets. Building on similar efforts to standardize the documentation of models and datasets in machine learning, here we proposenetwork cards, short summaries of network datasets that can capture not only the basic statistics of the network but also information about the data construction process, provenance, ethical considerations, and other metadata. In this paper, we lay out (1) the rationales and objectives for network cards, (2) key elements that should be included in network cards, and (3) example network cards to underscore their benefits across a variety of research domains. We also provide a schema, templates, and a software package for generating network cards.
Leading in the Paradoxical World of Crises: How Leaders Navigate Through Crises
Authors: Förster Charlotte , Paparella Caroline , Duchek Stephanie , Güttel Wolfgang H.
Published: December 2022

Living and operating in a global world, the risk for a global economic crisis has never been greater. As ongoing events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the recent war in Ukraine or the sharply increasing inflation have shown, organizations need to be highly resilient to persevere in a crisis-prone world. Even though we know that crises serve as a focal lens on leadership behavior and leaders play a crucial role in these scenarios, little is known as to how leaders handle an existence-threatening organizational crisis. Using an inductive analysis of 32 interviews on crisis leadership, we show that in the case of an acute crisis, leaders apply different paradoxical behaviors to cope effectively with the situation and navigate their organizations through these events. More specifically, our study contributes to existing literature by, first, showing that the distinctiveness of crises results from the fact that leaders are confronted with paradoxes that they can otherwise smoothly separate in terms of time or organization, second, revealing that the leader’s paradoxical behaviors as a respond are derived from their mindset to consciously recognize the contradictory demands of the crisis, and third, from their action in terms of a compressed situational leadership. By identifying six pairs of paradoxical behaviors, we demonstrate how leaders effectively deal with the unsolvable contradictions that arise from the crisis, and thus contribute to the organizations’ ability to cope with crises.
Ein neues Instrument zur Erfassung der Einstellungen zu Portfolioarbeit in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung (EPP-L)
Authors: Fütterer Tim , Feder Lina , Cramer Colin
Published: December 2022

Portfolioarbeit ist aufgrund von Potenzialen für Professionalisierungsprozesse (z. B. Entwicklung von Reflexionsfähigkeit) ein weit verbreitetes und teilweise sogar verbindlich vorgeschriebenes Konzept in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung. Für die Wirksamkeit einer Portfolioarbeit (d. h. für die Entfaltung der Potenziale) erweisen sich positive Einstellungen der Anwenderinnen und Anwender zu Portfolioarbeit als bedeutsam. Bislang liegen allerdings keine Befunde zu Einstellungen zu Portfolioarbeit vor, die über Spezifika vereinzelter, standortspezifischer Portfoliokonzeptionen hinausreichen. Ein Grund hierfür ist, dass Instrumente zur Erfassung von Einstellungen bislang nicht konzeptionsübergreifend nutzbar sind. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein neues Instrument zur Erfassung von Einstellungen von Lehramtsstudierenden zu Portfolioarbeit (EPP-L) vor, das unabhängig von spezifischen Konzeptionen eingesetzt werden kann. Ausgehend von einem Pool aus 45 Items, die auf Basis theoretisch abgeleiteter und systematisch identifizierter Potenziale von Portfolioarbeit entwickelt wurden, konnten in einem iterativen Prozess (z. B. kognitive Pretests, Expertenratings) 18 finale Items entwickelt werden. Die psychometrische Überprüfung des EPP‑L erfolgte anhand von N1 = 424 und N2 = 374 Lehramtsstudierenden. Der EPP‑L erweist sich als reliabel (interne Konsistenz) und valide (Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität). Theoriekonform zeigen sich starke Zusammenhänge der Einstellungen mit dem wahrgenommenen Nutzen von Portfolioarbeit und keine bis schwache Zusammenhänge mit konstruktivistischen und transmissiven lerntheoretischen Überzeugungen. Differential Item Functioning Analysen zeigen die Messinvarianz des EPP‑L über die Variable Geschlecht. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen bestätigen einen Generalfaktor. Der EPP‑L bietet die Möglichkeit, Evidenz zur Portfolioarbeit in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung über vereinzelte Programmevaluationen hinaus zu generieren.
Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity, deformation, and fracture of polygranular graphite with different amounts of porosity
Authors: Paraskevoulakos C. , Roebuck B. , Hallam Keith Richard , Flewitt P. E. J.
Published: December 2022

Synthetic polygranular graphites have a wide range of current and potential applications. Indeed, some are being considered as candidate moderator materials for the next generation of nuclear power plants, which are designed to operate at temperatures as high as 1000 °C. Detailed experimental work has been performed to investigate the electrical resistivity and mechanical behaviour of a synthetic graphite over a range of temperatures. An electrothermomechanical testing rig has been employed to conduct tensile tests to evaluate elastic modulus and fracture strength over the temperature range from room temperature to 700 °C for a near-isotropic synthetic polygranular graphite. A series of mm length scale ‘dogbone’ geometry specimens, containing varying levels of porosity between 8% and 18%, were used for testing. Acquired data revealed an average of 30% gain in material stiffness, occurring at temperatures above 400 °C. Tensile strength decreased linearly with increasing porosity at higher temperatures (700 °C). The accumulated percentage reduction of resistivity during the transition from room temperature to 700 °C reduced linearly with increasing amounts of porosity. The resistivity and mechanical property measurements are discussed, with particular attention given to the porosity of the synthetic graphite.
Alibertia patinoi (Cuatrec.) Delprete & C.H.Perss. (Borojó): food safety, phytochemicals, and aphrodisiac potential
Authors: González-Jaramillo Nancy , Bailon-Moscoso Natalia , Duarte-Casar Rodrigo , Romero-Benavides Juan Carlos
Published: December 2022

Although the western discovery of borojó [Alibertia patinoiCuatrec. (Delprete & C.H.Perss.)] is as recent as 1948, its several traditional uses in gastronomy and medicine, and its fame as an aphrodisiac are long standing and strong: the “love juice” extracted from it is very appreciated in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Its medicinal potential, though, is far wider. This literature review aims to summarize the knowledge about the fruit, its ethnomedical uses, its biological activity and phytochemical composition, to validate ethnomedical claims and to help envision future lines of research. Borojó extracts have confirmed antimicrobial and antioxidant, and potential anticancer activities, which can be at least partially explained by its phytochemical composition -compounds isolated and identified through Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques- rich in phenolic compounds, some of which, for example oleuropein, chlorogenic acid and rutin, possess proven biological activity. There is potential for borojó products as a source of bioactive natural products, which have not been exhaustively identified despite phytochemical screenings that show the presence of unstudied compound families: terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids; and functional alimentary products. Although its aphrodisiac properties have not been confirmed, several compounds with confirmed aphrodisiac activity in other species, mainly flavonoids, are also found in borojó. These, coupled with its nutritional profile and perhaps compounds yet unidentified, could validate the claim.

Graphical abstract
Banking Stability and Financial Conglomerates in European Emerging Countries
Authors: Vodová Pavla Klepková , Palečková Iveta , Stavárek Daniel
Published: December 2022

This Element focuses on the specific role of financial conglomerates in managing banking and financial stability. The Element aims to estimate financial stability in CEE using the constructed aggregate financial stability index, to incorporate the financial stability of the parent company into the index, and to assess the effect of the parent company on the financial stability of commercial banks and national financial sectors.
Does Rice Quality Matter? Understanding Consumer Preferences for Rice in Nigeria
Authors: Peterson-Wilhelm Bailey , Nalley Lawton Lanier , Durand-Morat Alvaro , Shew Aaron
Published: December 2022

Rice is a staple crop in Nigeria. Even with a push to increase domestic production, little is known about the functionality of Nigeria’s open bag markets and the preferences of consumers for specific rice attributes. Our study uses a hedonic price model to identify quality attribute preferences of consumers and potential market failures. Our results indicate that Nigerian consumers prefer rice with homogenous long slender kernels and a low presence of broken rice and are indifferent to chalkiness. The findings are useful as they can inform future strategies for rice breeders, domestic policy makers, and rice exporters.
On some p-differential graded link homologies
Authors: Qi You , Sussan Joshua
Published: December 2022

We show that the triply graded Khovanov–Rozansky homology of knots and links over a field of positive odd characteristic p descends to an invariant in the homotopy category finite-dimensional p-complexes.

A p-extended differential on the triply graded homology discovered by Cautis is compatible with the p-DG structure. As a consequence, we get a categorification of the Jones polynomial evaluated at a

$2p$

th root of unity.
The Making of a Neocon
Authors: Loss Christopher P.
Published: December 2022

James Q. Wilson (1931–2012) ranks among the most influential political scientists and policy intellectuals of the past fifty years. This new account of Wilson's journey from liberal to conservative highlights his time at Harvard University in the 1960s, during the height of liberal authority and the emergence of the New Left, and draws from archival materials and records at MIT, Harvard, and RAND, and from a range of Wilson's writings on administration, urban affairs, and crime. It situates Wilson in the organizational nexus in which he worked, analyzing his thinking as it shifted from a preoccupation with incentives and running organizations (“organizational maintenance”) to disincentives and punishing people (“order maintenance”). Wilson, the nation's leading institutionalist, formed his conservative ideas in the praxis of university administration—a venue typically ignored by scholars but one that influenced his understanding of organizations and crime.