bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waveform modeling and inversion of ambient noise cross-correlation functions in a coastal ocean environment
Authors: Zang Xiaoqin , Brown Michael G. , Godin Oleg A.
Published: September 2015

Theoretical studies have shown that cross-correlation functions (CFs) of time series of ambient noise measured at two locations yield approximations to the Green's functions (GFs) that describe propagation between those locations. Specifically, CFs are estimates of weighted GFs. In this paper, it is demonstrated that measured CFs in the 20–70 Hz band can be accurately modeled as weighted GFs using ambient noise data collected in the Florida Straits at ∼100 m depth with horizontal separations of 5 and 10 km. Two weighting functions are employed. These account for (1) the dipole radiation pattern produced by a near-surface source, and (2) coherence loss of surface-reflecting energy in time-averaged CFs resulting from tidal fluctuations. After describing the relationship between CFs and GFs, the inverse problem is considered and is shown to result in an environmental model for which agreement between computed and simulated CFs is good.
Evidence for the chiral anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na
3
Bi
Authors: Xiong Jun , Kushwaha Satya K. , Liang Tian , Krizan Jason W. , Hirschberger Max , Wang Wudi , Cava R. J. , Ong N. P.
Published: September 2015

Breaking chiral symmetry in a solid

Dirac semimetals have graphene-like electronic structure, albeit in three rather than two dimensions. In a magnetic field, their Dirac cones split into two halves, one supporting left-handed and the other right-handed fermions. If an electric field is applied parallel to the magnetic field, this “chiral” symmetry may break: a phenomenon called the chiral anomaly. Xiong
et al.
observed this anomaly in the Dirac semimetal Na
3
Bi (see the Perspective by Burkov). Transport measurements lead to the detection of the predicted large negative magnetoresistance, which appeared only when the two fields were nearly parallel to each other.

Science
, this issue p.
413
, see also p.
378
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fungus
Penicillium brasilianum
MG11
Authors: Horn Fabian , Linde Jörg , Mattern Derek J. , Walther Grit , Guthke Reinhard , Brakhage Axel A. , Valiante Vito
Published: September 2015

The genus
Penicillium
belongs to the phylum
Ascomycota
and includes a variety of fungal species important for food and drug production. We report the draft genome sequence of
Penicillium brasilianum
MG11
.
This strain was isolated from soil, and it was reported to produce different secondary metabolites.
Genome Sequence of a Central Chimpanzee-Associated Polyomavirus Related to BK and JC Polyomaviruses, Pan troglodytes
troglodytes
Polyomavirus 1
Authors: Madinda Nadège F. , Robbins Martha M. , Boesch Christophe , Leendertz Fabian H. , Ehlers Bernhard , Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien
Published: September 2015

We amplified and sequenced the genome of a polyomavirus infecting a central chimpanzee (
Pan troglodytes
troglodytes
). This virus, which is closely related to BK and JC polyomaviruses, may help shed a new light on these human pathogens’ evolutionary history.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas putida JLR11, a Facultative Anaerobic 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Biotransforming Bacterium
Authors: Pascual Javier , Udaondo Zulema , Molina Lazaro , Segura Ana , Esteve-Núñez Abraham , Caballero Antonio , Duque Estrella , Ramos Juan Luis , van Dillewijn Pieter
Published: September 2015

We report the draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas putida
JLR11, a facultative anaerobic bacterium that has been studied in detail for its capacity to use the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as a nitrogen source. The sequence confirms the mechanisms used by this versatile strain to reduce and assimilate nitrogen from TNT.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain H5989 of a Novel
Devosia
Species
Authors: Nicholson Ainsley C. , Whitney Anne M. , Humrighouse Ben , Emery Brian , Loparev Vladimir , McQuiston John R.
Published: September 2015

The CDC Special Bacteriology Reference Laboratory (SBRL) collection of human clinical pathogens contains several strains from the genus
Devosia
, usually found environmentally. We provide here the complete genome of strain H5989, which was isolated from a human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimen and represents a putative novel species in the genus
Devosia
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Japanese Vaccine Strain LA-AKO of Rinderpest Virus
Authors: Takamatsu Hitomi , Terui Kazuya , Kokuho Takehiro
Published: September 2015

Rinderpest vaccine strain LA-AKO, which is less virulent especially to highly susceptible Asian cattle breeds, was established from a lapinized vaccine strain by further passages in rabbit and chick embryos. Here, we report the genome sequence of LA-AKO, which currently remains active for the production of an emergent vaccine in Japan.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Metronidazole-Resistant Gardnerella vaginalis Isolate
Authors: Schuyler Jessica A. , Chadwick Sean G. , Mordechai Eli , Adelson Martin E. , Gygax Scott E. , Hilbert David W.
Published: September 2015

We report the draft genome sequence of a
Gardnerella vaginalis
strain (3549624) isolated from a vaginal specimen.
G. vaginalis
is associated with bacterial vaginosis, the most common cause of vaginal discharge, which is often treated with metronidazole. This isolate is highly resistant to metronidazole (MIC, 500 µg/ml) and may be useful for comparative genomic studies to determine the molecular basis of metronidazole resistance in this species.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Bacteriochlorophyll
b
-Producing Photosynthetic Bacterium Blastochloris viridis
Authors: Tsukatani Yusuke , Hirose Yuu , Harada Jiro , Misawa Naomi , Mori Keita , Inoue Kazuhito , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: September 2015

We report the complete genome sequence of the purple photosynthetic bacterium
Blastochloris viridis
belonging to α-
Proteobacteria
. This is the first completed genome sequence of a phototroph producing bacteriochlorophyll
b
. The genome information will be useful for further analysis of the photosynthetic energy conversion system and bacteriochlorophyll pigment biosynthesis.
Stress hyperglycaemia as a result of a catecholamine producing tumour in an infant
Authors: de Grauw Anne Mariëtte , Mul Dick , van Noesel Max M , Buddingh Emilie P
Published: September 2015

Hyperglycaemia commonly occurs in children presenting at the emergency department. In the absence of diabetic symptoms, this stress-related hyperglycaemia is considered a benign condition. We present a malignant cause of hyperglycaemia in an 11-month-old girl with concomitant symptoms of a neuroendocrine malignancy. One month earlier, she had undergone an episode of stress-related hyperglycaemia concurrent with fever during an upper respiratory tract infection. Current glucose level was 234 mg/dL (13 mmol/L) and the glycosylated haemoglobin level was 44 mmol/mol (6.2%) without metabolic acidosis. We observed periods of hyperglycaemia, sweating, flushing, hypertension and tachypnoea. Urinalysis showed high amounts of catecholamine intermediates. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass originating in the right adrenal gland. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Hyperglycaemia in this patient was the first presenting symptom of a metabolically active neuroblastoma.
Frontal assessment battery for detecting executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without dementia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Barulli Maria Rosaria , Fontana Andrea , Panza Francesco , Copetti Massimiliano , Bruno Stefania , Tursi Marianna , Iurillo Annalisa , Tortelli Rosanna , Capozzo Rosa , Simone Isabella Laura , Logroscino Giancarlo
Published: September 2015

Objective

The frontal assessment battery (FAB) is a quick and reliable method of screening to evaluate frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, previous studies were generally conducted on small samples representing different stages of disease and severity. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the FAB in detecting executive functions and its association with demographic and clinical features in ALS without dementia.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

A multidisciplinary tertiary centre for motor neuron disease.

Participants

We enrolled 95 consecutive patients with ALS diagnosed with El Escorial criteria in the period between January 2006 and December 2010.

Main outcome measures

We screened the patients with ALS using the FAB. An Executive Index (EI) was also calculated by averaging the Z scores of analytic executive tests evaluating information-processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test—Oral version), selective attention (Stroop test) and semantic memory (Verbal Fluency Test).

Results

The FAB detected executive dysfunction in 13.7% of the patients with ALS. Moreover, using the EI standardised cut-off, 37.9% of the patients with ALS showed executive dysfunction. The receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that the optimal cut-off for the FAB in the whole sample was 16, with a sensitivity of 0.889 (95% CIs 0.545 to 1.000), a specificity of 0.593 (95% CI 0.450 to 0.907) and a moderate overall discriminatory power of 0.809. Different levels of respiratory function, duration of disease and depressive symptoms did not affect the FAB validity.

Conclusions

In patients with ALS without dementia, a high prevalence of executive dysfunction was present. The FAB showed good validity as a screening instrument to detect executive dysfunction in these patients and may be used when a complete neuropsychological assessment is not possible.
Are mass-media campaigns effective in preventing drug use? A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Allara Elias , Ferri Marica , Bo Alessandra , Gasparrini Antonio , Faggiano Fabrizio
Published: September 2015

Objective

To determine whether there is evidence that mass-media campaigns can be effective in reducing illicit drug consumption and the intent to consume.

Design

Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised studies.

Methods

We searched four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I and CENTRAL) and further explored seven additional resources to obtain both published and unpublished materials. We appraised the quality of included studies using standardised tools. We carried out meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and a pooled analysis of interrupted time-series and controlled before-and-after studies.

Results

We identified 19 studies comprising 184 811 participants. Pooled analyses and narrative synthesis provided mixed evidence of effectiveness. Eight interventions evaluated with randomised controlled trials leaned towards no evidence of an effect, both on drug use (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.02; 95% CI −0.15 to 0.12) and the intention to use drugs (SMD −0.07; 95% CI −0.19 to 0.04). Four campaigns provided some evidence of beneficial effects in preventing drug use and two interventions provided evidence of iatrogenic effects.

Conclusions

Studies were considerably heterogeneous in type of mass-media intervention, outcome measures, underlying theory, comparison groups and design. Such factors can contribute to explaining the observed variability in results. Owing to the risk of adverse effects, caution is needed in disseminating mass-media campaigns tackling drug use. Large studies conducted with appropriate methodology are warranted to consolidate the evidence base.
Association between adiponectin levels and endometrial carcinoma risk: evidence from a dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Tong , Zhao Xin , Kong Wei-min
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between adiponectin levels and endometrial carcinoma risk have produced inconsistent results. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between them.

Methods

Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Web of Knowledge through January of 2015. A random-effects model was used to combine the data for analysis. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline and variance-weighted least squares regression analysis.

Results

Twelve articles (5 prospective studies and 7 case–control studies) involving 1916 endometrial carcinoma cases were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that highest adiponectin levels versus lowest levels were significantly associated with the risk of endometrial carcinoma (summary relative risk (RR)=0.525, 95% CI 0.388 to 0.712, I2=64.2%). The association was also found in postmenopausal women (summary RR=0.646, 95% CI 0.433 to 0.964), but not in premenopausal women. A linear dose–response relationship was found, with the risk of endometrial carcinoma decreasing by 3% for every 1 μg/mL increase in adiponectin levels (summary RR=0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98). No publication bias was found.

Conclusions

Our analysis suggested that the higher adiponectin levels might have a protective effect against endometrial carcinoma, especially in postmenopausal women.
Defibrillation safety: an examination of paramedic perceptions using eye-tracking technology
Authors: Ross Linda , Williams Brett , Boyle Malcolm
Published: September 2015

Objective

The importance of access to early defibrillation for patients in cardiac arrest has been emphasised as a critical part of the chain of survival by resuscitation bodies internationally; as such defibrillation has become a key procedure for many out-of-hospital emergency healthcare providers. However, little research has been undertaken specifically addressing students’ safety during defibrillation procedures. The objective of this study was to examine visual and verbal safety checks prior to defibrillation utilising eye-tracking technology.

Methods

This was an observational study of student safety during cardiac rhythm analysis, defibrillator charging and immediately prior to defibrillation during a resuscitation attempt using a medium fidelity mannequin. The participants completed two 10 min simulations each requiring three defibrillation attempts. The κ statistic was used to determine the agreement by the student of their perceived safety performance and that viewed in the video.

Results

In both scenarios the student's level of agreement for their perceived defibrillation safety performance and what was observed in the video decreased from defibrillation one to three in both scenarios. However, there was agreement in their overall defibrillation safety performance for both scenarios.

Conclusions

Student perceptions of their actions during defibrillation are not always an accurate representation of their actual actions.
Genomic profiling of myeloma: the best approach, a comparison of cytogenetics, FISH and array-CGH of 112 myeloma cases
Authors: Rack Katrina , Vidrequin Sébastien , Dargent Jean-Louis
Published: September 2015

Background

Chromosome abnormalities are important prognostic factors in myeloma allowing risk stratification of patients. Different techniques are available for their detection including cytogenetics, Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) and array Competitive Genomic Hybridisation (CGH). This study aimed to assess the validity and usefulness of each technique in a diagnostic setting.

Methods

112 myeloma cases were analysed by whole bone marrow cytogenetics and by FISH and array CGH performed on purified plasma cell populations.

Results

Clonal abnormalities were identified in 30% of cases by cytogenetics and 97% by FISH and array CGH. By combining array and FISH results abnormalities were detected in 99% of cases and, if cytogenetic analysis was also considered, abnormalities were detected in 100% of cases.

Conclusions

Cytogenetic analysis is of limited value in myeloma. Array CGH and FISH are highly specific tests allowing the identification of aberrations in virtually all cases. The two techniques are complementary and need to be combined in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of all clinically relevant aberrations in myeloma.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS FROM USING ELECTRIC JEEPNEYS IN METRO MANILA
Authors: FRANCISCO JAMIL PAOLO S.
Published: September 2015

This study used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure the benefits of improved air quality in Metro Manila through the adoption of cleaner public transportation. A single-bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation approach using the referendum format was used to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) from a survey of 1,000 households. The study arrived at WTP estimates for the proposed program ranging from USD3.85 to USD5.77 per month. Income elasticity of WTP was estimated at 0.49. The study also investigated the impact of using secret ballots for eliciting WTP responses to minimize "yea-saying" behavior and reduce social desirability bias.
THE ROLE OF FOREIGN DEBT AND FINANCIAL FRICTIONS IN A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY DSGE MODEL
Authors: YIE MYUNG-SOO , YOO BYOUNG HARK
Published: September 2015

We examine the role of foreign debt and financial frictions in the Korean business cycle using a small open economy DSGE (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) model where domestic banks borrow external funds, denominated in foreign currencies, for a risk premium and make loans to domestic producers. We find that the Korean economy is ‘financially vulnerable’, which means that the risk premium increases when the domestic currency depreciates. As a result, depreciation could cause recession, rather than expansion, when there exist substantial amount of foreign debt or financial frictions. A simulation shows that the Korean business cycle would suffer less volatility with a lower steady-state level of foreign debt or no financial frictions.
THE EFFECTS OF TAX CHANGES ON TOBACCO CONSUMPTION IN THAILAND
Authors: CHONVIHARNPAN BIRD , LEWIS PHIL
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the likelihood of consuming and the amount spent on tobacco in Thailand. Heckman’s sample selection model is applied to data from the 2009 socio-economic survey of Thailand in order to determine the factors determining the decision to consume tobacco. Demand elasticities are then calculated using the Extended Linear Expenditure System (ELES). Age, household size, gender, occupation and tenure are found to be common factors that influence both the probability of tobacco smoking and expenditure on tobacco products. Income also plays a key roles in explaining the amount spent on tobacco. Demand for tobacco is found to be inelastic for Thai smokers.
SINGLE MARKET NON-COMPLIANCE: HOW RELEVANT IS THE INSTITUTIONAL SETTING?
Authors: BARBOSA NATÁLIA , GUIMARÃES MARIA HELENA , FARIA ANA PAULA
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the role of the national institutional setting in explaining Single Market non-compliance regarding non-tariff barriers in intra-European Union (EU) trade. Using data on infringements to Single Market law we show that the quality of domestic institutional characteristics is relevant to explain non-compliance among EU countries. While government independence from political pressures and higher levels of representativeness and accountability reduce the propensity of member states to infringe upon Single Market laws, better regulatory quality increases the probability of non-compliance at industry level, suggesting that increases in competition may generate protectionist measures that violate Single Market law.
UPSTREAM INCENTIVES TO ENCOURAGE DOWNSTREAM COMPETITION IN A VERTICALLY SEPARATED INDUSTRY
Authors: SANDONÍS JOEL , LÓPEZ-CUÑAT JAVIER M.
Published: September 2015

We show in this paper that a dominant supplier, under observable two-part tariff contracts and an alternative, less efficient supply of the input, could benefit from more intense competition downstream provided that it has strong enough market power upstream. This implies that the incentives of upstream suppliers to foreclose downstream firms are less important than the previous literature had suggested. In fact, we find that the result also holds under observable linear contracts when we consider free entry in the downstream market.
THE RELATION BETWEEN BOND FUND INVESTOR FLOWS AND VOLATILITY
Authors: LEE JOE-MING , CHEN KU-HSIEH , WANG JYING-NAN
Published: September 2015

This study applies the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model to investigate the non-linear dynamic relationship between bond fund flows and investment volatility in Taiwan. Our empirical results are as follows. (1) A bond fund's net flow and volatility present a non-linear relationship, (2) Investors' behavior is different under the volatility threshold value and the control variables of asset of funds, management fees and the Sharpe indicator, (3) The different risk attributes of bond funds produce completely different investor behavior. In sum, the threshold of volatility is an important index to look at when investing in bond funds.
Derivation of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem from unitarity
Authors: Das Ashok K. , Frenkel J.
Published: September 2015

Using the closed time path formalism in thermal field theory, we give a derivation of the fluctuation–dissipation (FD) theorem which is based on the unitarity of the S-matrix.
Damped harmonic oscillator model for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of STM system
Authors: Liu A. P. , Yao X. X. , Wang X. , Yang D. X. , Zhang X. M.
Published: September 2015

Recognizing and distinguishing the dynamic characteristics of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) system is fatal for studying STM image. In this paper, a method for analyzing system’s characteristics by using a damped harmonic oscillator model is presented. The model is driven by random force and all of its properties are described by damping and periodic. For the general solution of such harmonic oscillator’s Langevin equation is deduced and the auto-correlation function (ACF) is obtained for fitting curve. It is shown that damping and periodic property of the two curves have a good agreement by comparing the fitting curve with the auto-correlation curve of time series dates which are acquired by STM. It could be concluded that the damped harmonic oscillator model and auto-correlation method are feasible for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of STM system.
Fidelity susceptibility in multiband one-dimensional topological superconducting system
Authors: Tian Wen-Chuan , Wang Zhi , Yao Dao-Xin
Published: September 2015

We use the fidelity susceptibility to study the topological properties of multi-layer nanowire system, with intrinsic spin–orbit coupling and proximity induced superconductivity. We introduce a Hamiltonian of three layer lattice chain to model the system, and consider the effects of applied Zeeman field. In pure system, we find a peak in fidelity susceptibility, which signals the topological quantum phase transition (TQPT) in the system. We then study the disorder effects in our model and find more peaks in fidelity susceptibility. We reveal that these peaks provide information on the zero energy Majorana states of the system, which appear after the TQPT.
Magnetic fields end-face effect investigation of HTS bulk over PMG with 3D-modeling numerical method
Authors: Qin Yujie , Lu Yiyun
Published: September 2015

In this paper, the magnetic fields end-face effect of high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk over a permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) is researched with 3D-modeling numerical method. The electromagnetic behavior of the bulk is simulated using finite element method (FEM). The framework is formulated by the magnetic field vector method (H-method). A superconducting levitation system composed of one rectangular HTS bulk and one infinite long PMG is successfully investigated using the proposed method. The simulation results show that for finite geometrical HTS bulk, even the applied magnetic field is only distributed in [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plane, the magnetic field component Hz which is along the [Formula: see text]-axis can be observed interior the HTS bulk.
Broken-symmetry states in topological insulators
Authors: Wang Yihua
Published: September 2015

Breaking the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator (TI) transforms its metallic surface into a Chern insulator. The TRS-broken surface states are essential for many exotic emergent particles in condensed matter. In this review, I will show broken TRS surface states of TI induced by magnetism and by light imaged with scanning microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy, respectively. Our capability to manipulate mesoscopic magnetic structures as well as to shape ultrafast light pulses makes broken-symmetry states in TI promising platforms to simulate elusive fundamental particles such as magnetic monopoles and Majorana fermions.
Baer module hulls of certain modules over a Dedekind domain
Authors: Park Jae Keol , Rizvi S. Tariq
Published: September 2015

The notion of a Baer ring, introduced by Kaplansky, has been extended to that of a Baer module using the endomorphism ring of a module in recent years. There do exist some results in the literature on Baer ring hulls of given rings. In contrast, the study of a Baer module hull of a given module remains wide open. In this paper we initiate this study. For a given module [Formula: see text], the Baer module hull, [Formula: see text], is the smallest Baer overmodule contained in a fixed injective hull [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. For a certain class of modules [Formula: see text] over a commutative Noetherian domain, we characterize all essential overmodules of [Formula: see text] which are Baer. As a consequence, it is shown that Baer module hulls exist for such modules over a Dedekind domain. A precise description of such hulls is obtained. It is proved that a finitely generated module [Formula: see text] over a Dedekind domain has a Baer module hull if and only if the torsion submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is semisimple. Further, in this case, the Baer module hull of [Formula: see text] is explicitly described. As applications, various properties and examples of Baer hulls are exhibited. It is shown that if [Formula: see text] are two modules with Baer hulls, [Formula: see text] may not have a Baer hull. On the other hand, the Baer module hull of the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] a prime integer) is precisely given by [Formula: see text]. It is shown that infinitely generated modules over a Dedekind domain may not have Baer module hulls.
An alternative perspective on flatness of modules
Authors: Durğun Yılmaz
Published: September 2015

Given modules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is said to be absolutely [Formula: see text]-pure if [Formula: see text] is a monomorphism for every extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. For a module [Formula: see text], the absolutely pure domain of [Formula: see text] is defined to be the collection of all modules [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is absolutely [Formula: see text]-pure. As an opposite to flatness, a module [Formula: see text] is said to be f-indigent if its absolutely pure domain is smallest possible, namely, consisting of exactly the fp-injective modules. Properties of absolutely pure domains and off-indigent modules are studied. In particular, the existence of f-indigent modules is determined for an arbitrary rings. For various classes of modules (such as finitely generated, simple, singular), necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of f-indigent modules of those types are studied. Furthermore, f-indigent modules on commutative Noetherian hereditary rings are characterized.
Analytical Solution of a Tapering Cable Equation for Dendrites and Conformal Symmetry
Authors: Romero Juan M. , Trenado Carlos
Published: September 2015

Progress towards detailed characterization of structural and biophysical properties of dendrites emphasizes the importance of finding analytical solutions for more realistic dendrite models with circular cross-section and varying diameter. In this regard, we employ symmetry methods and the passive cable theory to deduce a generalized analytical solution for electric propagation in a family of tapering dendrites. In particular, we study the effect of such tapering geometries on the obtained electric voltage. Simulations using the deduced analytical solution indicate that for a subfamily of tapering profiles neural integration is better than in the stereotypical profile given by a cylinder.
Coronae of relatively hyperbolic groups and coarse cohomologies
Authors: Fukaya Tomohiro , Oguni Shin-ichi
Published: September 2015

We construct a corona of a relatively hyperbolic group by blowing-up all parabolic points of its Bowditch boundary. We relate the [Formula: see text]-homology of the corona with the [Formula: see text]-theory of the Roe algebra, via the coarse assembly map. We also establish a dual theory, that is, we relate the [Formula: see text]-theory of the corona with the [Formula: see text]-theory of the reduced stable Higson corona via the coarse co-assembly map. For that purpose, we formulate generalized coarse cohomology theories. As an application, we give an explicit computation of the [Formula: see text]-theory of the Roe-algebra and that of the reduced stable Higson corona of the fundamental groups of closed 3-dimensional manifolds and of pinched negatively curved complete Riemannian manifolds with finite volume.
A study on center of a graph complement
Authors: Chellaram Malaravan A.
Published: September 2015

Characterization of class of graphs [Formula: see text] for which the complements have radius 2, and the subgraphs induced by central vertices of their complements isomorphic to a complete graph, is presented. In addition, the structure and the number of trees whose complements have subtrees induced by central vertices of their complements isomorphic to a complete graph of order [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] are determined.
OPTIMAL PORTFOLIOS OF CORPORATE BONDS AND HOLD TO MATURITY STRATEGIES
Authors: KOPELIOVICH YAACOV
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we initiate a research on optimal bond portfolios, that are held to their maturity. We solve the problem analytically for log utility investor in the case of one risky corporate asset. We compare the behavior of these portfolios to equally weighted and portfolios with randomly selected weights. We apply simulation based on Vasicek’s copula approach to derive optimal weights for a corresponding problem involving more than one corporate bond. Further we discover that these portfolios outperform naive investment in constant maturity (CCM) bond indices with a similar maturity horizon. We explain possible application of our findings to boost asset liability management (ALM) strategies for pensions and insurance companies.
CONSTRUCTION OF MODELS FOR BOUNDED PRICE PROCESSES: THE CASE OF THE HKD EXCHANGE RATE
Authors: YEE HONG BEN , DOKUCHAEV NIKOLAI
Published: September 2015

This paper discusses construction of evolution models for financial time series evolving within a given interval. We calibrated a model for the case of the USD/HKD exchange rate after the separation of strong and weak side convertibility undertakings, in which the rate is confined to a specified corridor. This process represents an interesting example of a tradable bounded process. A one-dimensional (1D) model was able to replicate the bounded distribution of the process, but a two-dimensional (2D) model better captured dynamics as measured by the volatility without losing features of the 1D model. We briefly consider the ergodic properties of these models.
Late Quaternary tectonics, sea-level change and lithostratigraphy along the northern coast of the South China Sea
Authors: Zong Y. , Huang G. , Li X. Y. , Sun Y. Y.
Published: September 2015

This paper examines the Late Quaternary evolutionary history of the northern coast of the South China Sea by reviewing geological evidence from this coast. Results show that: (1) a lithostratigraphy with two marine sequences is observed in the deltaic basins of the Song Hong, Pearl and Han rivers, and these basins are all bounded by active faults; (2) whilst the upper marine sequence belongs to the present interglacial or the past 10.5 ka, the lower or older marine sequence was most likely deposited during the high sea level of the last interglacial period,
c.
126–120 ka; (3) the burial depth of the older marine sequence is recorded at −15 m below modern sea level or deeper, implying localized subsidence of varying rates between these deltaic basins because the height of sea level during the last interglacial was close to that of the present; (4) this tectonic process is probably associated with the continuous long-term subsidence of the northern South China Sea continental shelf within the tectonic framework of southward continental extension of the Eurasian Plate during the Cenozoic; (5) fault activity has enhanced the localized subsidence of these deltaic basins, which led to marine inundation during interglacial high sea levels.
Impaired Regulation of ALDH2 Protein Expression Revealing a Yet Unknown Epigenetic Impact of rs886205 on Specific Methylation of a Negative Regulatory Promoter Region in Alcohol-Dependent Patients
Authors: Haschemi Nassab Mani , Rhein Mathias , Hagemeier Lars , Kaeser Marius , Muschler Marc , Glahn Alexander , Pich Andreas , Heberlein Annemarie , Kornhuber Johannes , Bleich Stefan , Frieling Helge , Hillemacher Thomas
Published: September 2015

Acetaldehyde, the carcinogenic metabolite of ethanol known to provoke aversive symptoms of alcohol consumption, is predominantly eliminated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Reduced ALDH2 activity correlates with low alcohol tolerance and low risk for alcohol dependence. The ALDH2 promoter polymorphism rs886205 (A>G) is associated with decreased promoter activity, but a molecular mechanism and allele-dependent ALDH2 protein expression has not been described yet. On the basis of allele-dependent epigenetic effects, we analyzed the rs886205 genotype, methylation rates of cytosine-phosphatidyl-guanine (CpG)-sites within a regulatory promoter region and ALDH2 protein levels in 82 alcohol-dependent patients during a 2-week withdrawal and compared them to 34 matched controls. Patients without the G-allele of rs886205 showed higher methylation of the promoter region than controls and readily adapted epigenetically as well as on protein level during withdrawal, while patients with the G-allele displayed retarded methylation readjustment and no change in ALDH2 protein levels. Our data provide novel insights into an unknown genetic-epigenetic interaction, revealing impaired ALDH2 protein expression in patients with the G-allele of rs886205. Additionally, we checked for an association between rs886205 and protection against alcohol dependence and found a trend association between the G-allele and protection against alcohol dependence that needs replication in a larger Caucasian cohort.
Electrode Migration in Patients with Perimodiolar Cochlear Implant Electrodes
Authors: Mittmann Philipp , Rademacher Grit , Mutze Sven , Ernst Arneborg , Todt Ingo
Published: September 2015

Migration of a cochlear implant electrode is a hitherto uncommon complication. So far, array migration has only been observed in lateral wall electrodes. Between 1999 and 2014, a total of 27 patients received bilateral perimodiolar electrode arrays at our institution. The insertion depth angle was estimated on the initial postoperative scans and compared with the insertion depth angle of the postoperative scans performed after contralateral cochlear implantation. Seven (25.93%) patients were found to have an electrode array migration of more than 15°. Electrode migration in perimodiolar electrodes seems to be less frequent and to occur to a lower extent than in lateral wall electrodes. Electrode migration was clinically asymptomatic in all cases.
Trayectorias de jóvenes de Zaragoza (España) en confguraciones familiares obreras
Authors: Pac-Salas David , Ventura de Pedro Tirso
Published: September 2015

(descriptivo): Nuestro objetivo general en este artículo es analizar las trayectorias biográficas de jóvenes que viven en la ciudad de Zaragoza (España). Para ello seguimos un enfoque metodológico a través de historias de vida, reconstruyendo 4 biografías de jóvenes pertenecientes a familias obreras. Los principales resultados del estudio son que los jóvenes y las jóvenes desarrollan trayectorias sociales heterogéneas, según sea su configuración familiar concreta (producto de la interacción de las acciones de sus miembros). Mostramos la concordancia o disonancia entre capital educativo familiar institucionalizado e interiorizado, un elemento explicativo en la trayectoria seguida por los sujetos jóvenes. Así, las configuraciones familiares con mayor capital educativo interiorizado -prácticas de cultura oral y escrita más amplias- siguen trayectorias educativas más largas.
Elementos obstaculizadores de las coordinaciones pedagógicas en liceos vulnerables de la Araucanía Chilena
Authors: Beltrán-Véliz Juan , Mansilla-Sepúlveda Juan
Published: September 2015

(descriptivo): En este artículo desarrollamos el siguiente objetivo: develar descriptivamente los elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas en liceos situados en contextos de vulnerabilidad social en la Araucanía. Planteamos un diseño cualitativo descriptivo, orientado con base en la teoría fundamentada y el método comparativo constante. Los resultados develan que las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas están centradas en aspectos administrativos. Se evidencia la ausencia de competencias y de liderazgo. Finalmente, el desarrollo evaluativo no se centra en la continuidad y permanencia del proceso. Concluimos que la ausencia de liderazgo, de competencias de los JUTP, y el rol de estos centrado en una “conducción técnica basada en el control”, son elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas
Respuesta al estrés, Temperamento y Crianza en niños colombianos de 1 año
Authors: Martínez Marta , García María Cristina , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel Camilo
Published: September 2015

(analítico): Este estudio busco explorar las relaciones entre el temperamento de una muestra de niños de 1 año (264), las expectativas y prácticas de crianza de sus padres y el cortisol en saliva como respuesta al estrés en una submuestra de la anterior (59). La respuesta al estrés se encontró asociada con la variable prácticas disciplinarias (R=0,31) y se correlaciono negativamente con las variables extroversión (R=-0,35) y regulación (-0,21). No se encontró correlación entre las variables de temperamento y crianza, lo cual se interpreta con la teoría de la bondad del ajuste. Estos resultados son relevantes en la planificación de los programas de formación de padres y soportan la importancia de erradicar el castigo físico y promover una crianza flexible que se acople a las diferencias individuales.
Deciphering the Causal Role of sPLA2s and Lp-PLA2 in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Talmud Philippa J. , Holmes Michael V.
Published: September 2015

Over the last 10 to 15 years, animal and human observational studies have identified elevated levels of both proinflammatory secretory phospholipase A2-IIA and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, Mendelian randomization, a genetic tool to test causality of a biomarker, and phase III randomized controlled trials of inhibitors of theses enzymes (varespladib and darapladib) converged to indicate that elevated levels are unlikely to be themselves causal of coronary heart disease and that inhibition had little or no clinical utility. The concordance of findings from Mendelian randomization and clinical trials suggests that for these 2 drugs, and for other novel biomarkers in future, validation of potential therapeutic targets by genetic studies (such as Mendelian randomization) before embarking on costly phase III randomized controlled trials could increase efficiency and offset the high risk of drug development, thereby facilitating discovery of new therapeutics and mitigating against the exuberant costs of drug development.
Membrane-Bound Thrombomodulin Regulates Macrophage Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Wang Kuan-Chieh , Li Yi-Heng , Shi Guey-Yueh , Tsai Hung-Wen , Luo Chawn-Yau , Cheng Min-Hua , Ma Chih-Yuan , Hsu Yun-Yan , Cheng Tsung-Lin , Chang Bi-Ing , Lai Chao-Han , Wu Hua-Lin
Published: September 2015

Objective—

Thrombomodulin (TM), a glycoprotein constitutively expressed in the endothelium, is well known for its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Paradoxically, we recently found that monocytic membrane-bound TM (ie, endogenous TM expression in monocytes) triggers lipopolysaccharide- and gram-negative bacteria–induced inflammatory responses. However, the significance of membrane-bound TM in chronic sterile vascular inflammation and the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains undetermined.

Approach and Results—

Implicating a potential role for membrane-bound TM in AAA, we found that TM signals were predominantly localized to macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells in human aneurysm specimens. Characterization of the CaCl
2
-induced AAA in mice revealed that during aneurysm development, TM expression was mainly localized in infiltrating macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. To investigate the function of membrane-bound TM in vivo, transgenic mice with myeloid- (LysMcre/TM
flox/flox
) and vascular smooth muscle cell–specific (SM22-cre
tg
/TM
flox/flox
) TM ablation and their respective wild-type controls (TM
flox/flox
and SM22-cre
tg
/TM
+/+
) were generated. In the mouse CaCl
2
-induced AAA model, deficiency of myeloid TM, but not vascular smooth muscle cell TM, inhibited macrophage accumulation, attenuated proinflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase-9 production, and finally mitigated elastin destruction and aortic dilatation. In vitro TM-deficient monocytes/macrophages, versus TM wild-type counterparts, exhibited attenuation of proinflammatory mediator expression, adhesion to endothelial cells, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Consistently, myeloid TM–deficient hyperlipidemic mice (ApoE
−/−
/LysMcre/TM
flox/flox
) were resistant to AAA formation induced by angiotensin II infusion, along with reduced macrophage infiltration, suppressed matrix metalloproteinase activities, and diminished oxidative stress.

Conclusions—

Membrane-bound TM in macrophages plays an essential role in the development of AAA by enhancing proinflammatory mediator elaboration, macrophage recruitment, and oxidative stress.
Overexpression of Cardiomyocyte α
1A
-Adrenergic Receptors Attenuates Postinfarct Remodeling by Inducing Angiogenesis Through Heterocellular Signaling
Authors: Zhao Xin , Balaji Poornima , Pachon Ronald , Beniamen Daniella M. , Vatner Dorothy E. , Graham Robert M. , Vatner Stephen F.
Published: September 2015

Objective—

Stimulation of cardiac α
1A
-adrenergic receptors (α
1A
-AR) has been proposed for treatment of heart failure, since it increases myocardial contractility. We investigated a different mechanism, induction of angiogenesis.

Approach and Results—

Four to 6 weeks after permanent coronary artery occlusion, transgenic rats with cardiomyocyte-specific α
1A
-adrenergic receptor overexpression had less remodeling than their nontransgenic littermates, with less fibrosis, hypertrophy and lung weight, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and wall stress (all
P
<0.05). Coronary blood flow, measured with microspheres, increased in the infarct zone in transgenic rats compared with nontransgenic littermates (1.4±0.2 versus 0.5±0.08 mL min
−1
g
−1
;
P
<0.05), which is consistent with angiogenesis, as reflected by a 20% increase in capillary density in the zone adjacent to the infarct. The question arose, how does transgenic overexpression of a gene in cardiomyocytes induce angiogenesis? We identified a paracrine mechanism, whereby vascular endothelial growth factor-A mRNA and protein were increased in isolated transgenic cardiomyocytes and also by nontransgenic littermate cardiomyocytes treated with an α
1A
-agonist, resulting in angiogenesis. Conditioned medium from cultured cardiomyocytes treated with an α
1A
agonist enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell tubule formation, which was blocked by an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody. Moreover, improved cardiac function, blood flow, and increased capillary density after chronic coronary artery occlusion in transgenic rats were blocked by either a mitogen ERK kinase (MEK) or a vascular endothelial growth factor-A inhibitor.

Conclusion—

Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the α
1A
-adrenergic receptors resulted in enhanced MEK-dependent cardiomyocyte vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, which stimulates angiogenesis via a paracrine mechanism involving heterocellular cardiomyocyte/endothelial cell signaling, protecting against remodeling and heart failure after chronic coronary artery occlusion.
Left Ventricular Lead Electrical Delay Is a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Roubicek Tomas , Wichterle Dan , Kucera Pavel , Nedbal Pavel , Kupec Jindrich , Sedlakova Jana , Cerny Jan , Stros Jan , Kautzner Josef , Polasek Rostislav
Published: September 2015

Background—

Electric left ventricular lead position, assessed by the electric delay from the beginning of the QRS complex to the local LV electrogram (QLV), was found in previous studies to be a strong predictor of short-term response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. We hypothesized that suboptimum electric position of the left ventricular lead is associated with an excess of heart failure events and mortality.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed the clinical outcome of patients with left bundle branch block or intraventricular conduction delay treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy at our institution during 9 years. Baseline clinical characteristics, QLV/QRS duration (QLV ratio) at cardiac resynchronization therapy implant, and data about heart failure hospitalization and mode of death were collected in 329 patients who were followed for a period of 3.3±1.9 years. Of them, 83 were hospitalized for heart failure and 83 died. Event rates for all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, noncardiac mortality, heart failure mortality, and sudden death were 25.2%, 14.9%, 10.3%, 12.2%, and 2.1%, respectively. Patients with a QLV ratio ≤0.70 had significantly worse event-free survival for all study end points—hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.4;
P
=0.05 for heart failure hospitalization; hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 5.5;
P
=0.001 for heart failure mortality; hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.7;
P
=0.01 for cardiac mortality; and hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.7;
P
=0.01 for all-cause mortality. In multivariable analysis, QLV ratio ≤0.70 remained associated with all study end points.

Conclusions—

Electric left ventricular lead position in cardiac resynchronization therapy patients was a significant predictor of heart failure hospitalization and mortality.