bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-term outcomes of different treatments of internal iliac artery in endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Ji Jie , Bi Jiaxue , Chen Yonghui , Zhang Xiaoxing , Zhao Bin , Liang Hao , Fan Jibo , Dai Xiangchen
Published: September 2024

Objective

To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of different treatment strategies for the internal iliac artery (IIA) during EVAR.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. All patients undergoing EVAR, who required treatment of at least one side of IIA from January 2013 to July 2022 in a single center, were included. According to the different treatment strategies for IIA, the patients were divided into UP (unilateral preservation), BP (bilateral preservation) and BE (bilateral embolization) groups. The primary outcomes included buttock claudication, bowel ischemia and iliac-related reintervention. Then patients who underwent IIA reconstruction were divided into IPG (iliac parallel stent graft) and IBG (iliac branch stent graft) groups according to the reconstruction technique. The primary outcomes included endoleak, iliac branch occlusion and iliac-related reintervention.

Results

A total of 237 patients were included, including 167 in the UP group, 9 in the BP group and 61 in the BE group. The mean follow-up time was 39.0 ± 27.7, 50.0 ± 22.1 and 25.8 ± 18.9 months in UP, BP and BE groups, respectively. Thirty cases (12.7%) of buttock claudication occurred, and it was significantly higher in the BE group than the UP group (26.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other follow-up outcomes among three groups. The K–M analysis indicated that the patients in the BE group had a lower survival rate than those in the other two groups (p = 0.024). 24 patients underwent IIA reconstruction, including 8 in the IPG group and 16 in the IBG group. The endoleak in the IBG group was significantly lower than that in the IPG group (0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.041). The iliac-related reintervention, iliac occlusion and mortality were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

Overall it is beneficial for patients to preserve at least one side of IIA during EVAR as much as possible. Compared with IPG, IBG might be more applicable for IIA reconstruction.
To What Age Do Japanese People Wish to Live?: The Impact of Age Stereotypes
Authors: Yasumoto Saori , Ito Daisuke , Toyoshima Aya , Kimura Yumi
Published: September 2024

The images we have concerning aging and older people influence our health, well-being, and longevity; however, we do not know which of its aspects (e.g., health, appearance, and personality) positively or negatively affect us. Therefore, to clarify the impact of images of aging on our desire to live long, which impacts our healthy behavior, we conducted an internet survey targeting 1,000 people aged between 30 and 75 years old in Japan in 2018. We tested the following five hypotheses: 1) Respondents who are interested in interacting with older people wish to live longer than those who do not; 2) Respondents who have a positive stereotype about physiological traits of older people wish to live longer than those who do not; 3) Respondents who have a positive stereotype about social relations among older people wish to live longer than those who do not; 4) Respondents who have a positive stereotype about the functioning of older people wish to live longer than those who do not; 5) Respondents who have a positive stereotype about the functioning of older people are likely to engage in healthy behavior and perceive better subjective health than those who do not, which positively affects the age they wish to live to. As a result, we found that only 70–75-year-old participants who had positive images of social relations in old age tended to express a wish to live longer. However, other aspects of images of aging such as appearance, personality, and biological traits did not affect such desire. We conclude that the influence of aging images on the desire to live long may be less apparent among Japanese than other cultures. It is possible that Japanese people are less likely to internalize aging images regarding old age.
Student and Faculty Perceptions of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Student Writing
Authors: Hostetter Autumn B. , Call Natalie , Frazier Grace , James Tristan , Linnertz Cassandra , Nestle Elizabeth , Tucci Miaflora
Published: September 2024

Background

Psychology instructors frequently assign writing-to-learn exercises that include personal reflection. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) can write text that passes for humans in other domains.

Objective

Do students and faculty rate a reflection written by GenAI differently than reflections written by students? Do students and faculty agree about the appropriateness of using GenAI for college-level writing?

Method

Eighty-three students and 82 faculty read four reflections (three written by undergraduate students and one by GenAI). After rating the quality of each, they chose which one they thought was AI-generated. Participants then rated the ethicality of nine potential ways to use GenAI in college-level writing and the potential of each to compromise learning.

Results

Participants rated the AI-generated reflection similarly to the student-generated reflections and failed to reliably detect AI-generated writing. Faculty and students agreed that using GenAI to produce the final text for a student likely compromises learning more than using it to generate ideas.

Conclusion

AI-generated reflections blend in with student-written reflections, and students and faculty agree about the potential detriments to learning.

Teaching Implications

GenAI can be hard to detect in the psychology classroom. Rather than implementing one-size-fits-all policies, instructors might focus classroom conversations on how GenAI could compromise learning.
Digital technologies and the protest paradigm: The discursive construction of the #WomanLifeFreedom protests in Time and Wired magazine
Authors: Balan Victoria
Published: September 2024

In today’s hybrid media landscape, scholars have questioned the “protest paradigm” as the leading interpretation of news coverage of protest action. While the press tends to cover protests in rather antagonistic terms, it is simultaneously highly celebratory of the digital, rehearsing long standing techno-utopian and techno-deterministic discourses. This study zooms in on the Iranian #WomanLifeFreedom movement, investigating how the political power of digital technologies is articulated in Time and Wired magazine. The findings highlight an overarching discourse of technology as a double-edged sword intersecting with discourses of tactical creativity, horizontalism, and digital “witnessing”; as well as two marginal but interlinked discourses: technology as last resort and human right. Findings show that while the protest paradigm persists in the contemporary coverage of the #WomanLifeFreedom movement, legitimizing and delegitimizing frames coexist to produce a more nuanced view of the movement, highlighting activist goals and grievances alongside elements of conflict and spectacle. Considering the transnational dimension of the protests, and the U.S. – Iran political context, the paper concludes that both the geography of protest and the integration of digital technologies in activism shape the coverage of contemporary movements.
Exogenous Growth Hormone Exacerbates Post-Irradiation Atherosclerosis in Susceptible Epicardial Coronary Arteries
Authors: Vail Krystal J. , Bourland J. Daniel , Dugan Gregory O. , Chen Benny J. , Clarkson Thomas B. , Cline J. Mark , Meléndez Giselle C.
Published: September 2024

Cardiac exposure to ionizing radiation can damage both the microvasculature and coronary arteries, as well as increase the long-term risk of heart disease, myocardial fibrosis, and conduction abnormalities. Therapeutic agents capable of promoting recovery from radiation injury to the heart are limited. Growth hormone is linked to improved cardiac function following injury. Here, we leveraged a cynomolgus macaque model to determine the long-term outcomes of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on the heart following low-dose ionizing radiation. Macaques were exposed to 2 Gy radiation, treated with rhGH for one month, and assessed after 2 years. Overall, plasma lipid profile, cardiac function, and coronary artery disease were similar between rhGH and placebo treated animals. However, a subgroup of rhGH-treated animals exhibited more extensive atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. Together, these findings indicate that transient human growth hormone therapy subsequent to a single low dose of ionizing radiation involving the heart does not result in long-term changes to plasma cholesterol but may promote exacerbated coronary artery disease in a subset of individuals.
The unique social-emotional challenges that bright immigrant youth face
Authors: Mehdipour Maralani Farnaz , Pfeiffer Steven
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the social-emotional challenges faced by bright immigrant youth. We incorporate Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to identify complexities across the model’s 5 layers. In the microsystem, cultural heritage conflicts with assimilation, disrupting support networks, suggesting the need for culturally sensitive support in schools, peer networks, and family involvement. The mesosystem highlights language and cultural barriers in family-school cooperation, recommending enhanced communication, curricular adjustments, and language support. The exosystem reveals immigration policies and discrimination exacerbate challenges, advocating for equitable educational access and cultural competence training. The macrosystem addresses societal perceptions and the recognition of giftedness, promoting equality, diversity, and positive cultural climates. Finally, the chronosystem indicates that policy changes impact developmental trajectories. Understanding these 5 socio-cultural layers and implementing targeted interventions can effectively support the social-emotional well-being and academic success of immigrant youth.
Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention: Teaching Social Justice Oriented Skills and Strategies to Undergraduate-Level Teachers and Social Workers
Authors: Baker Elizabeth , Matejko Emily , Exner-Cortens Deinera , Wright Alysia , Lee Lianne , Lund Darren
Published: September 2024

Youth from socially marginalized populations are at increased risk of experiencing adolescent dating violence (ADV), since they are often directly impacted by root causes of violence (e.g., homophobia, racism). Because structural inequalities impact youth’s experience of ADV, ADV is a social justice issue. In this paper, we describe a symposium series that taught education and social work students about their role in preventing ADV through a social justice lens. We present a pilot evaluation of the symposium series using survey ( n = 34) and interview ( n = 7) data. Results of this study (quantitative and qualitative) suggest students showed an increase in willingness and confidence to prevent and respond to ADV through a social justice lens after completing the symposium series. This work highlights the importance of incorporating critical theory into ADV prevention efforts, especially as it relates to serving youth who are marginalized and for promoting social justice in schools.
Do Racial and Ethnic Disparities Exist in Intensity of Intracranial Pressure–Directed Therapies and Outcomes Following Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury?
Authors: Schopman Lauren E. , Land Megan E. , Rakkar Jaskaran , Appavu Brian L. , Buttram Sandra D.W.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Studies suggest disparities in outcomes in minoritized children after severe traumatic brain injury. We aimed to evaluate for disparities in intracranial pressure–directed therapies and outcomes after pediatric severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the Approaches and Decisions for Acute Pediatric TBI (ADAPT) Trial, which enrolled pediatric severe traumatic brain injury patients (Glasgow Coma Scale score  ≤8) with an intracranial pressure monitor from 2014 to 2018. Patients admitted outside of the United States were excluded. Patients were categorized by race and ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and “Other”). We evaluated outcomes by assessing mortality and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Score–Extended for Pediatrics. Our analysis involved parametric and nonparametric testing.

Main Results

A total of 671 children were analyzed. Significant associations included older age in non-Hispanic White patients ( P < .001), more surgical evacuations in “Other” ( P < .001), and differences in discharge location ( P = .040). The “other” cohort received hyperventilation less frequently ( P = .046), although clinical status during Paco2 measurement was not known. There were no other significant differences in intracranial pressure–directed therapies. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with lower mortality ( P = .004) but did not differ in unfavorable outcome ( P = .810). Glasgow Outcome Score–Extended for Pediatrics was less likely to be collected for non-Hispanic Black patients (69%; P = .011).

Conclusions

Our analysis suggests a general lack of disparities in intracranial pressure–directed therapies and outcomes in children after severe traumatic brain injury. Lower mortality in Hispanic patients without a concurrent decrease in unfavorable outcomes, and lower availability of Glasgow Outcome Score–Extended for Pediatrics score for non-Hispanic Black patients merit further investigation.
Clinically Relevant Genes Identified in Cerebral Palsy Cohorts Following Evaluation of the Clinical Description and Phenotype: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilson Yana A. , Garrity Natasha , Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , Goldsmith Shona , Karim Tasneem , Henry Georgina , Paget Simon , Kyriagis Maria , Badawi Nadia , Baynam Gareth , Gecz Jozef , McIntyre Sarah
Published: September 2024

A growing number of genes have been identified in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP); however, many of these studies have poor compliance with the cerebral palsy clinical description. This systematic review aimed to assess the quality of the cerebral palsy clinical description/phenotype in cerebral palsy genetic studies published between 2010 and 2024 and report clinically relevant genes based on the quality of the cerebral palsy phenotype. An expert panel developed 6 criteria to review the reported cerebral palsy phenotype/description for each included study. Clinically relevant genes were extracted from each study and stratified into 2 tiers based on the quality. Eighteen studies were included. There was high confidence in the reported cerebral palsy description/phenotype from 8 studies. Of the initial 373 clinically relevant genes, 85 were tier II genes. Individual cerebral palsy motor disorder and phenotype data were absent for 349 of these individuals, limiting further analysis. The tier I gene list was composed of 6 genes: ATL1, COL4A1, GNAO1, KIF1A, SPAST, and TUBA1A. Bilateral spasticity was the most common motor disorder reported in individuals with variants in all 6 genes, and most individuals had accompanying conditions. Prioritizing the accurate reporting of motor and nonmotor phenotypes is crucial for future cerebral palsy genetic studies to further understand the underlying neurobiology.
Trauma Theory and Abuse, Neglect and Violence Across the Life Course
Authors: Brownell Patricia
Published: September 2024

A literature review of recent prevalence and prospective studies on interpersonal violence (IPV) identifies a link among child abuse, intimate partner violence, and elder abuse that had not emerged from life-stage-specific studies on abuse, neglect, and violence against older persons. In line with a developmental understanding of IPV from a life course perspective, early life trauma is emerging as an explanatory theory of IPV across the life course. This paradigm shift in the field of elder abuse challenges more traditional explanations of IPV in old age, such as ageism, but opens up new opportunities for interventions leading to prevention and treatment of abuse, neglect, and violence against older adults. Prevalence studies that include older subjects and questions about violence experienced as children and younger adults consistently identify child abuse as a risk factor for IPV experienced in old age. Similarly, prospective studies on IPV that follow subjects from childhood to old age identify lifetime patterns of abuse. Qualitative studies of IPV in old age that include retrospective data suggest a link as well. IPV perpetrated against children and adults of all ages by persons in positions of trust can lead to trauma that has adverse lifelong behavioral and relational implications. This provides a link between trauma theory and violence against older people. Until recently, abuse, neglect, and violence were conceptualized differently based on the life stage of the victim. While historically the definitions for partner and non-partner violence diverged based on the life stage of victims, more recently this has begun to converge. Understanding violence from a life course and trauma-informed perspective better identifies risk factors and interventions for IPV against older adults. Intersectionality of age and gender variables demonstrate differences and similarities among populations studied.
Functionalized graphene nano-platelet reinforced magnesium-based biocomposites for potential implant applications
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Hong Jianming , Chen Guang
Published: September 2024

Magnesium (Mg) is an attractive candidate for fracture fixation implants due to its bioabsorbability. However, their mechanical properties under load and in biological environments appear to be insufficient, and bacterial biofilm formation may further complicate the situation. In this paper, for the first time, functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGNPs) as reinforcement in Mg-3Zn-0.5Zr (ZK30) alloy matrix were homogeneously prepared using semi-powder metallurgy (SPM) method, and subsequently, the composites were prepared using spark plasma processing (SPS). The compressive strength test was performed for different composites before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The ZK30/0.5FGNPs composite shows a significantly higher ultimate compressive strength (UCS) compared to the other composites, 285 ± 11 MPa before and 220 ± 9 MPa after exposure to the SBF environment, compared to the ZK30 alloys; which shows 195 ± 8 MPa before and 135 ± 5 MPa after 14 days of exposure to SBF environment. Furthermore, after evaluating the antibacterial activity, it was proved that adding FGNPs nanofillers to the ZK30 matrix could impressively prevent the growth and colonization of Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus). Cytotoxicity studies also confirm that composites with low amounts of FGNPs do not show cytotoxic behavior against MG63 cells, while higher loadings of FGNPs lead to toxicity. In general, according to this research results, ZK30/0.5FGNPs composite can be used for the application of loaded implants and the treatment of bone infection.
Hybridization effect of Kevlar and glass fiber on carbon/epoxy composites to enhance the damage strength under low velocity impact. Part II: Numerical simulations
Authors: Kaware Kiran , Kotambkar Mangesh
Published: September 2024

The research outlined in this paper extends the authors previous work to explore the impact resistance enhancement of CFRP composites through numerical simulations, focusing on the incorporation of a hybrid combination of Kevlar and glass fibers. Experimental drop weight low velocity impact and advanced NDT tests on CFRP and hybrid laminates were carried out in previous work. The current work focuses on the analysis of the dynamic behavior of hybrid composite subjected to LVI by numerical simulation methods. The numerical simulations have been validated with experiments and the damage area of numerical and experimental tests were compared. CFRP and hybrid laminates were modeled using Abaqus/Explicit FEA software to investigate the damage modes and mechanisms. The history curves of simulation results such as load/displacement-time etc. compared with experimental. Results show that incorporating 25% Kevlar fibers on the outer layer of the CFRP, denoted as [01K/06C/01K] resulted in a reduction of laminate deflection by 63.64%. Additionally, the stress distribution expanded over a larger area. A good concurrence between the simulation and experimental findings has been established, indicating that the modeling approach is suitable for conducting further parametric investigations.
Network pharmacology and experimental verification: Unraveling Zhiwei Fuwei Pills’s role and mechanism in angiogenesis of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer
Authors: Dou Pengcheng , Song Ruiping , Feng Zhuangzhuang , Jiang Bing , Chen Xinyi , Luo Yuanbin , Zuo Jiaojiao , Gao Yi , Shu Jin
Published: September 2024

Objective

Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) are key pathological stages in the transformation of gastric “inflammation-cancer”, and timely and effective intervention at this stage is of great importance in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Zhiwei Fuwei Pills (ZWFW), as a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been proven to have good clinical efficacy in the treatment of PLGC, but its specific mechanism of action has not been fully explained. Thus, this study validated the efficacy and explored the potential mechanisms of ZWFW in treating PLGC by integrating network pharmacology analyses and experimental verification.

Methods

The TCMSP database was used to obtain the active ingredients of ZWFW and their corresponding targets, and the GeneCards database was used to retrieve PLGC-related targets. The intersecting targets between ZWFW and PLGC were obtained through mapping, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and “drug-active ingredient-target” networks were constructed by using Cytoscape software. The DAVID database was used for GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. AutoDockTools software was used for molecular docking of key active ingredients and key targets. In order to verify the analysis results of network pharmacology, TEM and H&E were used to observe the effects of different dosage groups of ZWFW on gastric mucosal microvasculature in PLGC rats. Subsequently, the ELISA, IF, IHC, RT-PCR and western blot were used to detected the expression levels of relevant targets in the tissues, so as to verify the potential mechanism of ZWFW in intervening PLGC.

Results

After the screening, 258 effective active ingredients and 325 targets were obtained, and 1294 disease-related targets were determined, resulting in 139 intersection targets through mapping. The KEGG enrichment results showed that PI3K/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathway might play important roles in the treatment mechanism of PLGC. The molecular docking results showed that active ingredients of ZWFW all had a strong affinity and stable structure with key targets, including AKT1 and VEGF. In vivo experiments confirmed that ZWFW could improve gastric mucosal microvascular abnormalities in PLGC, effectively intervene in gastric mucosal pathological grading. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, this formulation could reduce the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, HIF-1α, and VEGF in gastric mucosa, showing a dose-effect relationship.

Conclusion

ZWFW can intervene in the neovascularization and pathological evolution of PLGC, and this mechanism of action may be achieved by inhibiting abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
Neurological Manifestations and Complications of Neonatal Meningitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ong Leong Tung , Chee Nicholas Ming Zher , Loh Audrey Joe Chii , Balasubramaniam Roovam
Published: September 2024

Background:

Neonatal meningitis has significant worldwide morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, the clinical manifestations of neonatal meningitis are subtle and nonspecific which can pose challenges in terms of timely diagnosis and intervention. This meta-analysis aims to the prevalence of neurological manifestations and complications associated with neonatal meningitis in term and preterm neonates.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Ovid SP to identify relevant studies. Pooled prevalence of neurological manifestations and complications with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects generic inverse variance model. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager v5.4 and R programming.

Results:

A total of 25 studies with 2252 patients evaluated for neurological symptoms and 1822 patients evaluated for neurological complications were included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of neurological manifestations in neonatal meningitis was 23% (95% CI, 20% to 26%). The overall prevalence of neurological complications in neonatal meningitis was 8% (95% CI, 6% to 9%).

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis revealed a low prevalence of neurological manifestations and complications in neonatal meningitis. Although neurological complications occur less frequently, the complications are significantly associated with higher mortality and morbidity rates.
Application of the Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms-Clinical Index to a Cohort of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Phlebotomy at an Endocrinology Clinic
Authors: Tajudin Nor Humaira Mohd , Fahrni Mathumalar Loganathan , Ghani Rohana Abdul , Awang Mohd Hazriq , Chopra Hitesh , Alkhoshaiban Ali Saleh
Published: September 2024

Background

Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS), the commonest statin-induced adverse effects, could hinder patient adherence and possibly lead to discontinuation of therapy, which then increases patients’ risks for developing cardiovascular events. Although statins are the most frequently prescribed lipid-lowering medication, the occurrence and severity of SAMS among the Malaysian population are less known.

Objectives

To examine the likelihood and types of muscle symptoms attributable to statins, and the risk factors for developing the symptoms among statins users.

Materials and Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted with convenience sampling of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing phlebotomy at an endocrinology clinic of a secondary hospital in a suburban city. Demographic and clinical data for the evidence of SAMS were retrieved from the hospital information system. A total of 214 patients were screened, and 50 subjects were recruited for interviews based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. Muscle symptoms that were evident through clinician notes, and self-reported signs and symptoms by patients during the interview were assessed to determine whether they were SAMS or not. This was done using a pre-structured published questionnaire via patient interview, and the likelihood was then determined using the SAMS-clinical index (SAMS-CI) tool.

Results

In this cohort, the probability of having had a statin-associated muscle adverse event was 0.48, i.e., 48% “probable” and “possible” likelihood of SAMS having occurred for a patient who consumed a statin. The mean SAMS-CI score was 6.32 ± 0.470 (±7.4%) [CI: 5.85–6.79], which fell under an “unlikely” category. The most frequent type of muscle symptom was myalgia, which was experienced as muscle aches, stiffness, cramps, symptoms worsening after exercise, muscle tenderness, and trouble moving knees or arm joints. These symptoms were proximal and symmetrical in nature and commonly involved large muscle groups such as the thighs, buttocks, calves, and back muscles. An elevation in creatinine kinase was not commonly observed.

Conclusion

A minority (6%) of the patients that we sampled experienced SAMS, which were probably attributable to statins. Nevertheless, caution must be exercised for female patients with a familial history of heart disease being prescribed with the lipophilic statins, atorvastatin, and simvastatin, and those who report aches in the large muscle groups.
Variations of Eating Behaviors Among Vietnamese Preschool Children and Their Association With Children’s Anthropometric Z-Scores: Results From Analyses of the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire in 10 000 Children
Authors: Tuyet Le Thi , Bui Quang Minh Pham , Hang Nguyen Thi Thanh , Bach Vu Xuan , Dung Le Thi Thuy , Khanh Do Nam
Published: September 2024

Eating behaviors, which are shaped during childhood, are one of the important factors influencing children’s growth. This study aimed to investigate the variations in eating behaviors among Vietnamese preschool children aged 3 to 6 years using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) and their association with anthropometric Z-scores. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 10 172 children from 36 to 72 months old, recruited from three different socioeconomic regions of Hanoi. Differentiation of eating behaviors between two sexes was observed across all age groups, but most obvious at 36 to 48 months of age. The subscales of emotional overeating (EOE), enjoyment of food (EF), and desire to drink (DD) were higher in 60- to 72-month age groups and vice versa for slowness in eating (SE) and emotional undereating (EUE) subscales. Analyses using the general linear model showed that CEBQ subscales were associated with anthropometric Z-scores in both girls and boys.
Caring for a Child with a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stock Nicola M. , Blaso Debora , Hotton Matthew
Published: September 2024

Raising a child with healthcare needs places additional demands on caregivers. In 2012, Nelson and colleagues authored a review of 57 papers pertaining to parents’ experiences of caring for a child with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Thanks in large part to this review, available literature on this topic has grown considerably. The aim of the present review was to update and critically appraise recent literature, with the wider goal of assessing progress in the field and setting recommendations for future work. All original, peer-reviewed articles pertaining to the psychological adjustment of parents of children with CL/P living in high-income countries (published May 2009 to May 2024) were examined. A total of 126 articles were included. Findings were narratively synthesised according to three salient themes: Emotional Impact; Social Experiences; and Care Delivery. Recent research has built on Nelson et al.'s recommendations, addressing some prior gaps in knowledge. Nonetheless, some areas remained largely unexplored and critical methodological limitations were still evident. Recommendations for clinical practice include: improved informational resources for parents and non-specialist health professionals, regular audit of services in collaboration with parents and families, routine psychological screening for known risk factors and integrated psychological support from diagnosis onward. Recommendations for future research include the design of multicentre, prospective, longitudinal studies with sufficient sample sizes and appropriate control/reference groups, inclusion of families from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, further examination of factors contributing to psychological growth, the development and evaluation of psychological interventions, and cross-condition learning.
Flexible Sensor-based Whole-body Biomechanics of Exoskeleton-assisted Patient Handling
Authors: Chen Yinong , Zheng Liying , Yin Wei , Zhang Xudong
Published: September 2024

The issue of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) stemming from manual handling tasks remains a significant economic and societal burden, with healthcare workers being one of the most persistently affected groups. Exoskeletons have seen growing implementation for aiding manual handling tasks in industrial sectors. Traditional measurements and analyses of joint kinematics and dynamics commonly utilize optical motion capture systems and force plates. Nevertheless, the limitations of optical motion capture systems include their dependence on marker visibility and the necessity for a controlled lab environment. An innovative wireless technology featuring miniaturized, skin-mounted sensors, BioStamp nPoint (MC10, Inc., MA, USA) exhibits significant potential in addressing the challenges mentioned above. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore a flexible sensor-based approach to assessing the effects of a back exoskeleton on joint kinematics during patient handling.
Promoting Physical Activity With Augmented Reality Experiences
Authors: Chignell Mark , Barton Debbie , Fannin Lisa , Estey Justine , Maillet Danica , Lovens Caroline , Jbilou Jalila
Published: September 2024

Between June 2021 and March 2023, the Centre for Innovation and Research in Aging (CIRA) evaluated the effectiveness of the 2RaceWithMe exergaming product from Centivizer Inc in two New Brunswick long term care homes. 2RaceWithMe provides physical activity, through seated exercise, for older adults. In 2RaceWithMe, exercise is motivated by the requirement that residents needs to keep pedaling in order to view scenic videos from around the world. The objective of this paper is to report on some of the qualitative results obtained in the CIRA study, and to assess some of the barriers and facilitators to the use of an exergaming product like 2RaceWithMe in long term care.
Journalism’s Ethos and the Future of the Field: Student Motivations and Role Conceptions
Authors: Bowe Brian J. , Davenport Lucinda D. , Blom Robin
Published: September 2024

Investigating the degree motivations and role conceptions of journalism students may shed light on the industry’s trajectory. This study analyzes the motivations and perceptions of journalism students from two U.S. universities. Results show that students were motivated to pursue journalism for a mix of reasons, including civic engagement, a prestigious career, creativity in multimedia and writing, and an independent and nonroutine lifestyle. Respondents suggest that students view journalism’s role as providing political accountability, delivering content that connects with audiences, telling stories, and setting the political agenda.
No Effects of Auditory and Visual White Noise on Oculomotor Control in Children with ADHD
Authors: Jostrup Erica , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , Tallberg Pia , Söderlund Göran , Gustafsson Peik , Nyström Marcus
Published: September 2024

Background:

White noise stimulation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing working memory in children with ADHD. However, its impact on other executive functions commonly affected by ADHD, such as inhibitory control, remains largely unexplored. This research aims to explore the effects of two types of white noise stimulation on oculomotor inhibitory control in children with ADHD.

Method:

Memory guided saccade (MGS) and prolonged fixation (PF) performance was compared between children with ADHD ( N = 52) and typically developing controls (TDC, N = 45), during auditory and visual white noise stimulation as well as in a no noise condition.

Results:

Neither the auditory nor the visual white noise had any beneficial effects on performance for either group.

Conclusions:

White noise stimulation does not appear to be beneficial for children with ADHD in tasks that target oculomotor inhibitory control. Potential explanations for this lack of noise benefit will be discussed.
Humans Vs. Service Robots as Social Actors in Persuasion Settings
Authors: Lee Heekyung , Yi Youjae
Published: September 2024

Our study departs from existing research, which primarily focuses on the benefits of automated social presence in customer service. Instead, we investigate the potential downsides of a service robot’s social presence in marketing persuasion, particularly its influence on consumers’ use of persuasion knowledge. Across five experiments, we aim to: (1) identify factors affecting the social presence of a salesclerk as a persuasion agent (type of service provider, persuasive intent, and robot appearance); and (2) reveal that anthropomorphized service robots in persuasion contexts lead to a decrease in perceived salesclerk sincerity (i.e., social presence effect), ultimately impacting consumer attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, we explore the mechanism behind the social presence effect by examining the moderating role of consumers’ dispositional persuasion knowledge. By applying the persuasion knowledge model to robot-mediated service encounters, this research offers valuable insights into the potential drawbacks of using anthropomorphic robots for marketing persuasion in service relationships.
Synergistic approach to wear rate forecasting in AZ31/5% Yttria stabilized zirconia reinforced composite through response surface methodology-genetic algorithm integration
Authors: Packkirisamy Vignesh , Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar , Bhowmik Abhijit , Mohankumar Ashokkumar
Published: September 2024

In this work, the wear behavior of a novel AZ31 magnesium alloy reinforced with 5% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite was evaluated using a hybrid Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. The composite was fabricated using ultrasonic-assisted stir squeeze casting technique, ensuring homogeneous distribution of spherical YSZ particles, as validated by the scanning electron microscope integrated with energy dispersive spectroscope. Wear tests were carried out according to the ASTM standards using a pin-on-disc (POD) tribometer, with applied load (AL), sliding speed (SS), and sliding distance (SD) as the main parameters. An empirical wear rate regression model was developed using RSM/Box-behnken design, and Genetic Algorithm was deployed for parametric optimization, achieving a minimal wear rate of 0.0144 g/m under a load of 30 N, sliding speed of 260 rpm, and sliding distance of 400 m. Confirmation tests were performed to validate the GA predictions. The wear mechanisms were observed, showing reduced wear in GA-optimized samples due to optimized load distribution resulting minimized ploughing, grooving and delamination. This work highlights the efficacy of the hybridized RSM / GA for the wear performance in advanced magnesium alloy matrix composites.
Trends in patient characteristics and mortality among Medicare patients diagnosed with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Fowler Xavier , Mehta Kunal , Eid Mark , Gladders Barbara , Kearing Stephen , Moore Kayla O , Creager Mark A , Austin Andrea M , Feinberg Mark W , Bonaca Marc P , Greenland Philip , McDermott Mary M , Goodney Philip P
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a well-described risk factor for mortality, but few studies have examined secular trends in mortality over time for patients with PAD. We characterized trends in mortality in patients with PAD in recent years among Medicare patients.

Methods:

We used Medicare claims to identify patients with a new diagnosis code for PAD between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2018 using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes. The primary outcome of interest was the 1-year all-cause age-adjusted mortality rate. Our secondary outcome was the 5-year all-cause mortality rate. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors which predict mortality at 1 year.

Results:

We identified 4,373,644 patients with a new diagnosis code for PAD during the study period. Between 2006 and 2018, 1-year all-cause age-adjusted mortality declined from 12.6% to 9.9% ( p < 0.001). One-year crude all-cause mortality also declined from 14.6% to 9.5% ( p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for 5-year age-adjusted mortality rates (40.9% to 35.2%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with increased risk of death at 1 year included age ⩾ 85 years (hazard ratio [HR] 3.030; 95% CI 3.008–3.053) and congestive heart failure (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.85–1.88). Patients who were regularly dispensed statins, ace-inhibitors, beta-blockers, antithrombotic agents, and anticoagulants all had lower mortality (range OR 0.36; CI 0.35–0.37 for statins to OR 0.60; CI 0.59–0.61 for anticoagulants; all p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Among US Medicare patients diagnosed with PAD between 2006 and 2019, 1-year age-adjusted mortality declined by 2.7%. This decline in mortality among patients with PAD occurred in the context of a younger mean age of diagnosis of PAD and improved cardiovascular prevention therapy.
The impact of task guidance on incidental collocation learning from task-based reading
Authors: Jung Jookyoung , Yang Chin Lung
Published: September 2024

This study explored how to promote incidental collocation learning from task-based reading. In this study, 101 Cantonese speakers read three English texts that contained 12 target collocations. Playing a role as an editor of a magazine, participants were asked to determine if the three texts were acceptable to be published in the next issue. While half of the participants (– Guidance, n = 50) were asked to simply accept or reject the texts after reading, the other half (+ Guidance, n = 51) received task guidance that contained a list of specific reviewing criteria. Participants’ eye-movements were recorded during the editor task, and 10 participants from each condition were asked to produce stimulated recalls while viewing their eye-movements. The rest of the participants’ ( n = 81) knowledge about the target collocations was measured with form recall and recognition tests immediately and two weeks after the task. The results revealed that task guidance led to greater fixation durations and counts on the target collocations, as well as improved performances in the immediate posttest. The stimulated recalls further indicated that task guidance encouraged more goal-oriented reading. The findings underscore the importance of careful task design to promote incidental collocation learning from reading.
Shear performance and capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams: Comprehensive review and design evaluation
Authors: Mai Guanghao , Pan Zezhou , Zhen Hao , Deng Xuhua , Zheng Chumao , Qiu Zhenye , Xiong Zhe , Li Lijuan
Published: September 2024

To enhance the durability of concrete structures in harsh environments, replacing steel bars with FRP bars is judged a feasible method. The low elastic modulus and transverse strength of FRP bars result in the weak shear capacity of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars. Reviewing and summarizing existing literature are important for addressing this challenge. The research progress on the shear behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars was systematically described from two aspects in this paper. In the aspect of literature review, shear mechanisms and main influencing factors of concrete and FRP stirrups were summarized. In addition, achievements and shortcomings of existing literature were summarized, and potential research directions were pointed out. In the aspect of design method evaluation, a database containing 525 samples was established and calculation models of shear capacity of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars in seven codes were evaluated. Evaluation parameters mainly included shear span ratio, effective height, and maximum strain of FRP stirrups. Based on the calculation model in Italian code CNR DT203-06, an optimized model was proposed to improve the accuracy in predicting concrete shear contribution. The review and evaluation in this paper had important reference significance for improving the design level of concrete structures reinforced with FRP bars and promoting the engineering application of FRP bars.
Modified fragility functions for offshore wind turbines considering soil-structure interaction subjected to wind, wave, and seismic loads
Authors: Haj Najafi Leila
Published: September 2024

Investment allocation for offshore wind turbines (OWT) as an important class of structures is typically carried out through supporting decision-making approaches utilizing some fragility functions. This study attempts to deliver fragility functions for OWTs on monopile foundations accounting for soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. Simultaneous wind, wave, and earthquake loads were considered probabilistically by adjusting their occurrence hazard levels for predefined damage states in diverse performance levels. The designated damage states in this study are defined based on collapse probability and some targeted performance levels which could be very straightforward to distinguish. The damage state detection is based on rotation in the connection section of the tower’s transition part to the foundation, which perceptibly reveals the effects of SSI on fragility functions. The expected results comprise modified fragility functions accounting for SSI effects contributing to less median spectral acceleration, more evidently rotational demands, further dispersions, and a subsequent dominant increase in the probability of exceeding performance limit states. Considering operational performance level, the most applied design performance level for turbines as an important class of structures, not considering the SSI effects could noticeably underestimate the demands and lead to high-risk decisions.
The value-laden nature of decision-making with the never-capacitated patient
Authors: Abbass Nadia , Orge Faruk H. , Aulisio Mark
Published: September 2024

The values of individuals who have never had the capacity to express their preferences are often overlooked or even ignored in the decision-making process. The case of “Michael,” a non-verbal young adult with a genetic condition and intellectual disability, is presented to challenge the traditional approach of relying solely on clinical indicators and the “best interest” standard narrowly construed in healthcare decision-making. Michael's interaction with his environment, gleaned through his family's input, illustrates that values and quality of life can be discerned through observed behaviors and preferences, even in the absence of communicative ability. We argue for a broader definition of “values” that encompasses any aspect of life that brings meaning or enjoyment to the individual. This model not only personalizes care for never-capacitated individuals but may also be applied to other incapacitated populations, such as those with dementia, suggesting that past directives may not always align with their evolving values and interests. Underlying this expanded understanding of values in healthcare is a patient-centered approach that accounts for personal elements that contribute to an individual's sense of purpose and satisfaction.
Fostering Responsible Conduct of Research for Early-Stage Investigators: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sinko Laura , Baehr Laura A. , Murray Elizabeth Heller , Kobulsky Julia , Mcloughlin Gabriella M. , Schroeder Krista , Schumacher Leah M.
Published: September 2024

The rise of academic misconduct poses significant challenges to the integrity and credibility of scholarly research. Early-stage investigators (ESIs), particularly those representing marginalized groups, face unique pressures in navigating the “publish or perish” paradigm while establishing their careers. This commentary articulates strategies for cultivating research environments conducive to the responsible conduct of research (RCR) for ESIs. By establishing shared values, planning research meticulously, conducting research collaboratively, and reporting findings transparently, ESIs can foster a culture of prevention and accountability in research. Ultimately, navigating beyond traditional methodologies to support RCR necessitates a fundamental reimagining of academic culture, reconceptualizing productivity to prioritize quality over quantity, and to encompass “invisible” work often shouldered by investigators with marginalized identities. Addressing scientific misconduct challenges requires a whole-system approach, encompassing individual leadership, policy changes, and institutional accountability. By implementing concrete strategies and systemic reforms, academia can reaffirm its commitment to responsible research conduct and safeguard the integrity of scholarly endeavors.