bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of the Crosswind Effect on Booster Compressor Cooler Fan Performance for the Wellhead Platform
Authors: Thannit S. , Pittayaporn G.
Published: February 2024

The wellhead booster compressor (BC) is a crucial machinery component utilized for pressure recovery in production. In Greater Bongkot North field (GBN), the wellhead BC package phases 5 and 6 have smaller cooler fans than other phases. It makes them frequently to be tripped by engine jacket water (EJW) temperature high during strong wind due to crosswind interference occurs. Consequently, this impedes the BC fan cooler from operating at its full capacity, resulting in inadequate heat transfer of the engine. This study analyzed the influence of crosswind on the performance of BC cooler fans with an optimal design wind barrier type by using numerical modeling or computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The simulation results showed that the crosswind has a negative effect on BC cooler fan performance. At all crosswind speeds, the results showed that the wind barrier 30° deflector type is the optimal barrier design to improve BC cooler fan performance on the wellhead platform from the effect of the crosswind.
Impact of Silica Blend Towards Early Compressive Strength Development of Well Cement Class G
Authors: Ashraf Shameed , Bogaerts Martijn , Mohanaraju Haresh
Published: February 2024

In this paper we evaluate the effects of silica on early compressive strength development of well cement Class G during the first 24 hours. The paper’s scope is a 15.8 lbm/galUS system with 35% by weight of cement (BWOC) silica varied between fine, medium, and coarse grades, followed by an optimized version. The addition of silica at 35% BWOC is an accepted industry norm for exposure of 110°C or greater. Slurries are evaluated at 120 and 160°C by an ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) to determine the compressive strength development.

API 10A compliant class G cement is added with different grades of silica with an average size of 4.5 µ (fine), 16 µ (medium), and 330 µ (coarse) at 35% BWOC separately. It is mixed according to API RP 10B-2 and the compressive strength development is evaluated using the ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) at 120 and 160°C. The time taken to reach 50 and 500 psi, together with the strength value at 12 and 24 hours, are compared for differing silica grades. The slurry’s rheological behavior is evaluated to eliminate unfavorable slurry properties due to silica size.

Testing shows that silica size is a significant contributor to the early compressive strength development. The fine silica slurry achieved higher strength development compared to medium and coarse silica. The drawback is that the use of a fine product alone causes unacceptable high slurry gel strength. An optimized silica blend being a mixture of the three grades provides the highest compressive strength development and favorable rheological property. At 120°C, the coarse silica alone has the lowest strength at 24 hours, while the medium-sized silica provides a 49% increase over the coarse grade. The fine grade provides a 67% increase over the medium grade. The optimized silica blend can provide an additional 7% increase over the pure fine-grade silica. An evaluation done at 160°C shows that course silica provides the least compressive strength while the medium silica provides about six times the value of the medium, and the fine about 5% more than the medium. The optimized silica blend provided an additional 5% over the fine grade.

Although the industry is clear about the need to add a minimum 35% BWOC of silica to prevent strength retrogression for high-temperature applications, there is little information on how silica grades affect the early compressive strength development of the cement system. This study has clarified that proper optimization of silica grades can bring out the best early compressive strength for elevated temperature applications.
Revisiting GBS CO2 Removal Optimization – First Step to NET ZERO
Authors: Limpanachaipornkul P. , Wassanadilok A. , Sirijitt P. , Charoenrat D. , Borisut V. , Bunrengjit N. , Kanjana P. , Leelaratsameephanit A.
Published: February 2024

Great Bongkot South (GBS) GHG emission is mainly contributed by permeate flare gas from CO2 removal membrane unit. Although GBS CO2 removal operation has been continuously optimized, the focus has never come with such high intensity the world demands today for GHG reduction. Higher CO2 in raw feed gas driven by economic values makes it even more challenging for GHG reduction. This is why GBS revisits our CO2 removal operation to contribute to PTTEP's Net Zero Goal. GBS CO2 removal optimization test designed for 3 phases. First, feed gas CO2 was varied between 34% to 39% to assess magnitude of higher hydrocarbon loss and permeate flow. Second, reduced permeate backpressure to minimum to get lowest possible CO2 content in raffinate product and utilize membrane unit bypass line to match sales specification, expecting less permeate flare through less membrane flow. GBS also explores bypassing whole CO2 removal pre-treatment and membrane units in order to extend service life of pre-treatment facilities. Lastly, membrane feed temperature is minimized beyond the original limit without adverse effects from liquid condensation. From optimization tests, it was found that 1% higher of CO2 in feed gas would increase hydrocarbon loss around 2 MMscfd. Although feed-to-sales gas ratio increases with higher feed CO2, the increasing rate becomes less sensitive when increasing feed CO2 beyond 37%. This means that permeate flare flow, which corresponds directly to GHG emission, increases but at a lower ratio when operating with higher feed CO2. Reducing permeate backpressure to minimum did not straightforwardly result in significant reduction of hydrocarbon loss and permeate flare flow. However, it allowed more operational flexibility to reduce membrane feed temperature which is the key to hydrocarbon loss optimization and GHG reduction. Membrane feed temperature reduction of 1°C can lower heating value of permeate flare around 5 BTU/scf. Since then GBS has reduced membrane feed temperature from 43 DegC to 40 DegC, lowering hydrocarbon loss by 2.5% and GHG emission by 3-4%. As GHG emission reduction becomes extremely important according to global trend, high CO2 gas fields are urged to revisit CO2 removal optimization scheme. The incremental GHG reduction from optimization always presents a quick-win benefits without the need of investment. This approach can be applied for any assets in PTTEP and subsidiaries including other oil and gas producers.
A New Method to Restore Paleogeomorphology of Deeply Buried Hill: A Case from BZ Condensate Field in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Liu Zongbin , Li Junfei , Ge Lizhen , Wang Pengfei , Liu Chao , Li Junming
Published: February 2024

The BZ Archaean hill is deeply buried and has experienced the influence of multi-stage tectonic movement. The fracture development law is complex, and the reservoir heterogeneity is strong. However, due to the low seismic resolution, it is difficult to predict the dominant reservoir. It is well known that paleogeomorphology has an obvious controlling effect on the distribution of fractured reservoirs, but conventional palaeogeomorphic restoration methods cannot restore the uplift and denudation amount in each deformation stage of BZ buried hill. Therefore, it is urgent to find a new palaeogeomorphic restoration method to provide technical support for the prediction of superior reservoirs in deeply buried hill. Firstly, the denudation amount of the denudation interface at different tectonic periods of key wells in the buried hill is obtained based on the low temperature thermochronology technique. Then, based on the mechanical parameters of the rock, the numerical simulation of the tectonic stress field is carried out according to the results of the tectonic evolution profile and the amount of denudation on the wells. The uplift and subsidence of the whole working area in different tectonic periods are obtained. Finally, under the constraint of structural simulation, the paleogeomorphology of the buried hill in different tectonic periods is restored.The result shows that the uplift rate around Bozhong sag ranges from 7.7 to 19.1m/Ma, and the amount of denudation ranges from 1000 to 2500m according to the multi-low temperature thermochronology data. The denudation rate of BZ buried hill is 8.8m/Ma, and it is estimated that the denudation amount of BZ buried hill in Indosinian and Yanshannian is 1800±300 m. Based on the results of the tectonic evolution profile and the amount of denudation on the wells, the quantitative results of the multi-stage tectonic uplift and subsidence of the typical profile is obtained through repeated forward iteration, and then the quantitative results of three-dimensional paleogeomorphology are obtained. Lastly, the favorable block of the development zone is predicted based on the results of seismic facies, stress field and paleogeomorphology. It can provide the basis for the implementation of oilfield development.Paleogeomorphology of deeply buried hill is restored by using low temperature thermochronology and numerical simulation forward iteration based on the evolution process analysis of the buried hill. By estimating the amount of denudation in different tectonic periods of the working area, the paleogeomorphology in different tectonic periods of the buried hill is finally obtained, which is the first attempt to solve the difficult problem of paleogeomorphology restoration of deep buried hill affected by multi-stage tectonic movements. This method will be used to guide the research of more similar oilfields in Bohai Bay Basin.
New Innovative Coated Crosslinked Polymer System to Minimise Unwanted Water Production at Offshore Peninsular Malaysia Wells
Authors: Aziz N. A. , Lee J. H. , Roslan A. A. , Mahbud N. , Dzulkarnain I. , Kwon S. , Nathan Y. , Ulum M. F. Saiful , Mazuni M. F. , Deraman N. A. , Tewari R. Deo , Jaafar M. Z. , Negash B. M.
Published: February 2024

The development of the novel crosslinked polymer system was necessary to address operational inefficiency due to excess water production for offshore Peninsular Malaysia wells. The new crosslinked polymer system is developed with scientific advancement that offers water blocking at thief zones of high permeability reservoir. The reservoir characteristics were taken into account during the polymer development to ensure compatibility and to evaluate swelling and plugging capability of the novel polymer system. The novel polymer system is aimed to increase the well production performance.The inverse emulsion polymerisation was chosen as the polymer synthesis method as it is able to create polymer in microparticle form. The novel polymer system undergoes static and dynamic performance evaluation considering the reservoir characteristics in offshore Peninsular Malaysia that are known for their high-water production. The formulation of the polymer was made through rigorous water shut-off evaluation to ensure the polymer is suitable for implementation. Several core flooding runs are conducted to evaluate the performance on deploying the new polymer system at the reservoir setting.The polymer gel restricts flow by lodging into the pore throats of the high permeability thief zones. The novel polymer system showcased high performance in plugging and high swelling capacity which is demonstrated at clastic reservoir settings of 90 °C and 2000 psi. The polymer is further coated with an innovative coating system, that enhances the polymer characteristics. The results showed different concentrations of the coating significantly increase the swelling properties to a high degree. The unique state of this novel coated polymeric microparticles, in powder form, is comprised of formulation needed for swelling and plugging without the need to inject alternate slugs of chemicals, as practised for some cases of water-shut-off treatment. This new polymer formulation with coating system is synthesised to successfully plug high permeability thief zones in offshore Peninsular Malaysia. The significant reduction of unwanted water produced is expected to minimize operational inefficiency caused by limited infrastructure at offshore production platform to accommodate excess water. In addition, the innovative polymer system assists in minimizing concerns related to corrosion and the formation of scales due to produced water.
Wellhead and Casing Hanger with Hydraulic Features to Run and Operate Downhole Casing Isolation Valve; Design and Experiences Based on Actual Installation Successes
Authors: Yeow Ming Lei , Khaidzir Khairil Azam Mohd , Abu-Jafar Feras , Ismail Hamdan , Kasim Hillmy
Published: February 2024

Control lines hydraulically operated downhole isolation valves were run with the production casing strings of big bore offshore gas producers to provide downhole isolation for losses and pressurised mud cap drilling (PMCD) operations. The mandrel casing hanger was re-designed and manufactured to allow hydraulic controls through the casing hanger and wellhead with a contingency technique to retrieve the control lines. Successful installation on 7 wells provided valuable lessons and confidence in applying such system.

The casing hanger and wellhead was re-designed with conduits to install control lines and provide hydraulic communication to external pumps. The wellhead has outlets to retrieve the control lines as contingency. Some design changes to provide better isolation and testing between the two hydraulic conduits were made prior to manufacturing. Workshop trials were done to prove the design. Challenges were resolved during installation with improvements in running control lines below the hanger and retrieving the control lines without nippling down the Blow Out Preventor (BOP).

Both primary and contingency techniques were applied successfully after running and landing the casing allowing the downhole casing isolation valve to be operated. Challenges during installation were damage to seals on the hanger and modifying design to retrieve the control lines without having to nipple down BOP and to pick up the casing hanger (after landing) were applied as improvements on job execution. Cementing operations with the casing hangers were successful without issues on the control lines or hydraulic conduits. Expansion of hydraulic fluids from the control lines that leak off when wells were on production at high gas rates were observed and resolved by replacing the bleed-off needle valves. The re-designed casing hanger and seals with the hydraulic outlets are working as designed with no well integrity issues even with the wells producing at high gas rates. The successful installation and production of the wells show that casing hangers with hydraulic communications to control downhole valve on casing string can be used.

Successful installation of casing hanger with hydraulic communication to operate downhole valves in casing strings provide opportunities to add devices for casing strings to have more functions e.g., hydraulically set selective seals or packers, sleeve for stage cementing. Instead of hydraulic line, electrical or conductor type lines can be run on casing string for monitoring downhole pressures, temperatures, flow or other parameters outside the casing using similar casing hangers.
Feasibility Study of Autonomous Wave-Photovoltaic (PV) Buoy to Power Subsea Equipment
Authors: Chee Sze Yan , Ng Cheng Yee , Batinathan Shankar Jonathan
Published: February 2024

Autonomous wave-photovoltaic (PV) buoy is a cost-effective and efficient solution for powering subsea equipment in offshore oil and gas operations. The buoy can be deployed in remote locations where fixed structures may not be feasible. This study assesses the feasibility of the buoy to electrify a subsea Christmas tree in the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea. A Python mathematical model is developed to evaluate the power output of the buoy. The finding shows that wave energy harnessed by using a wave energy converter (WEC) at the selected site is sufficient to electrify a subsea Christmas tree. Further investigation is required to identify the suitable subsea equipment to be electrified by the buoy.
E2E: Well Integrity Improvement Journey and WHCP Evolution
Authors: Fuan Yong Soon , Cheu Peter , Ali Mazlin
Published: February 2024

Wells and wellheads are essential equipment for upstream business to produce hydrocarbon product (crude oil, condensate and gas) especially wellheads where all the key isolation valves and instrumentation in place to allow the business to produce safely.

These important isolation valves consist of Surface controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSV), Surface Safety Valve (SSV) and Flowing Wing Valve (FWV) which may centrally control by Wellhead Control Hydraulic Panel (WHCP) via hydraulic systems. Routine test is conducted to ensure valves able to isolate hydrocarbon source during major accident hazards occurred as per API 14C or ISO10418 requirements.

In Upstream Malaysia, we have encountered several challenges to meet closure time on these important isolation valves and must demonstrate ALARP to allow continue production with several mitigation in place while working on solution to resolve. Issues possess a threat over a period while structured root cause analysis (RCA) conducted.

Existing aging WHCP was carried out and systematically resolved immediate issue within a year using end to end concept prescribed as Integrated Value Delivery (IVD) – a methodology cover understanding root cause of failure, improving design, organisational culture, work process and key performance indicator equipment performance monitoring for continuous improvement. In this scenario, the whole WHCP system was review from equipment ownership, related maintenance task, technical monitoring plan to prevent recurrence of major setback experience earlier. In the same time, feedback through reliability alert or lesson learnt sharing between asset and project team continues to enable a good and effective design WHCP. These improvements and lesson learnt have allowed Upstream Malaysia move from conventional WHCP that need internal combustion electric generator to a low power WHCP via renewable energy Solar or Wind.

Now with a clear structured process to manage critical equipment and right collaboration culture with end to end (E2E) in mind, WHCP was improved and able to sustain the critical function allowing Upstream Malaysia to produce the needed energy safely.
Selection of Subsea System Architectures for Offshore CCS
Authors: Olivan Ana Requejo , Ripley Andrew , Pringle Ian , Roux Arnaud , Mohd Zaid Muhammed Faiz
Published: February 2024

Compared to hydrocarbon production developments, subsea CO2 injection fields are characterised by a simpler subsea architecture and present lower power and low to no chemical demand. Such specification provides opportunities to reduce CAPEX by using simplified subsea injection and control systems. The extent of the subsea carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) system simplification, however, depends on the availability of technologies (including those currently under development) and the regulatory requirements that will apply to CCS developments, which may vary among regions. In this work, the elements that contribute to a technically optimised and economically efficient subsea control system for offshore CCS developments were examined.

Different subsea control system architecture scenarios that can be used to inject CO2 offshore from a carbon capture plant onshore were assessed. Each scenario represents a qualification step toward a minimalist and fit-for-purpose configuration, with the final system being a very simple and all-electric subsea architecture. We adopted a holistic approach to a hypothetical subsea CCS project, evaluating the impact of the subsea control system equipment technical readiness, CCS regulatory requirements, umbilical sizing, and installation strategy.

The CCS subsea equipment specification can simplify the profile of the subsea architecture required for carbon injection. Leaner umbilical and subsea equipment can be considered, leading to a significant saving on the project CAPEX. The subsea system CAPEX (with exclusion of the CCS pipeline) is predominantly influenced by the price and length of the umbilical and the injection tree design. The project execution profile is also positively impacted by simplifying the logistics and opening new asset opportunities (e.g., access remote reservoirs for CO2 injection).

After definition of the technical solutions and analysis of the budgetary price estimation, an all-electric scenario has been identified as the most cost-efficient architecture, with technologies that will be available and qualified for projects awarded in the near future.
Unveiling Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Prospects: A Basin-Scale Assessment of the Basin a, Central Thailand
Authors: Centhonglang Chayarus , Chenoll Kwanjai , Ketmalee Thanapong , Mahamat Sirichai , Thamniyom Phalaphoom , Kovitkanit Naruttee
Published: February 2024

This project focused on the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) potential of the aquifer formations in Basin A, Central Thailand, through a comprehensive basin-level assessment. The systematic evaluation process comprised four key steps: area screening, target identification, storage estimation, and suitability assessment.

Initially, a thorough review of the geological characteristics. This step identified candidate formations for detailed analysis in later stages.

Next, the geological province was divided into three geological provinces based on the similarity of structural trend and depositional environment, namely, the Northern area with a focus on F2 formation, the Western area for F3 formation storage, and the Eastern area targeting F2 formation.

After that, the project calculated the Storage Resources for specific areas, providing valuable insights into their potential storage capacity. A systematic parameter derivation method was employed during this stage to arrive at the Storage Resources.

Finally, the assessment results were used to gauge the overall suitability of Basin A for CCS purposes, considering three key criteria: reservoir efficacy, reservoir properties, and caprock efficacy. Unfortunately, the suitability assessment uncovered two significant obstacles hindering the aquifers in Basin A from being viable CO2 storage sites. Firstly, concerns were raised about their low salinity and potential conflicts with potable water usage. Secondly, the absence of a regional seal indicated that the CO2 plume might escape, rendering them less suitable for long-term storage.
Open Cell Matrix Polymer (OCMP) Filter Solution for Through Tubing Remedial Sand Control - A Case Study of Malaysian Oilfield
Authors: Mohamed F. , Rahim K. Zainul , Marimuthu R. , Johar Z. , Bakar H.
Published: February 2024

Background

The South Furious field is located about 220 km NE of Labuan Island on the North Sabah continental shelf in water depths of between 60 and 200 ft. The field is comprised of two culminations separated by a large displacement fault. The western culmination was discovered in 1974. The eastern culmination was discovered in 1975. Reservoir type is Estuarine and Coastal/Alluvial Plain sandstones Mid Miocene Stage IVA. The field is comprised of thick successions of thin, heterogenous, interbedded sands and shales with complex faulting and uncertainties around well by well correlation. The main hydrocarbon interval depth is between 1,500 to 4,900ft-TVDSS. The field has gone through seven development stages since the first oil production in 1979. The initial understanding was that reservoir sands shallower than 3,000ft TVDSS required downhole sand control. Downhole sand control application has evolved due to lessons learned from previous stages of development. The method selected was primarily based on the formation sand properties according to criteria as per industry standard and also based on learning from historical sand control performance. Initial completion design was cased hole gravel pack (CH-GP) for shallow reservoir sands (above 3000 ft TVDSS) and cased and perforated for deeper reservoir sands (below 3000 ft TVDSS). In one of the subsequent developments, due to cost optimization, the completion design was changed to cased hole with expandable sand screens (CH-ESS) for shallow reservoir sands and cased and perforated for deeper reservoir sands. With more wells in production, it came to be understood that the entire reservoir required sand control and not just the shallow reservoir sands. Consequently, the following development changed completion design to CH-ESS for all perforation intervals. Due to hot spotting issues, most of the ESS in the shallow reservoir sands failed and caused severe sand production to surface and accumulation in the tubing and casing. Most of the shallower production zones were shut in entirely to control sand production. This is the type of completion that will be discussed further for application of OCMP filter for remedial through tubing sand control. Completion designs for more recent developments were changed to open hole with ESS (OH-ESS) and then later changed again to open hole with standalone screen (OH-SAS) for cost optimization and based on the failures observed in the CH-ESS sand control. Open hole with SAS seems the most cost-effective sand control solution for new wells for this field, however many legacy wells require remedial through tubing sand control which can be installed through well intervention to avoid costly well workovers as the field production continues to decline.
Bien Dong 20-Inch Pipeline Span Field Observation and Span Correction
Authors: Zhang Z. , Teh T. C. , Le D. D. , Nguyen T. T. , Ly D. V. , Nguyen N. T. , Le T. N.
Published: February 2024

The 44 km-long Bien Dong 20-inch pipeline (PL-BD2) was installed at the Hai Thach gas fields in 2013. Since the gas export pipeline started to operate, Bien Dong Petroleum Operating Company (BDPOC) has been annually conducting in-water video surveys. From the field surveys, BDPOC found significant changes in pipeline span length and location every year. Some of the free spans were observed to have exceeded the allowable span length, prompting BDPOC to perform span corrections in 2015 and 2016 by placing grout bags at over-span locations. Despite the two span correction campaigns, pipeline free spans were still observed to exceed the allowable span length at new locations in 2017. The objective of this paper is to discuss and interpret field observations of non-stationary free span based on the five in-water surveys from 2013 to 2017. Over 3000 lines of free span data have been gathered, processed or matched such that the development of over 800 free spans in five years can be traced. The free span data is then analyzed with a focus on the free span development characteristics (form/disappear, increase/reduction in length) and the effectiveness of invention work using grout bags in reducing the span length. Probability distributions of span number in one kilometer and span length are also provided. The field observations and statistical data presented in this paper may complement any future free span research on integrating the characteristics of non-stationary span, and they could be informative references for regional operators to plan their strategy for non-stationary span rectification.
Semi-Autonomous Telepresence Robot for Remote Offshore Wellhead Platform Inspection and Operations
Authors: Jaroonsorn R. Vongasemjit P. , Karantarat O. , Sripromma T. , Takutruea A. , Phansaeng S. , Jitnaknan T. , Pongpaket T. , Kaenkaew W. , Kriengkomol P. , Limpanachaipornkul P. , Groudsorn J. , Suwanchatree C. , Laikitmongkol S. , Taksanontm D. , Chanvanichskul C.
Published: February 2024

This paper focuses on the application of a semi-autonomous ground robot equipped with a manipulator in offshore oil and gas fields. The main goal is to evaluate the robot's ability to meet industry standards and enhance operational efficiency. The robot's functions include inspections, sample collection, and operation of buttons, valves, switches, and HMI panel. A prototype robot with inspection sensors and a manipulator was developed for offshore operations. It can be remotely controlled or set on autonomous missions using specialized software. The software also includes a database for inspection data, allowing for further AI and machine learning analysis. The robot can be operated from a control room on the same local network without any internet connection required.

Successful trial tests in the Gulf of Thailand demonstrated the robot's effectiveness in autonomous patrolling and manipulation tasks including ball valve, globe valve, button, switch, and HMI panel with some limitations on site. This robot can increase production efficiency, increase opportunity of onsite inspection/ operation during bad weather, reduce human exposure to hazards, and optimize economics in offshore operations.
Enhancing Deepwater Formation Evaluation Using a Digital Wireline Standoff (WXSO)
Authors: Hanson M. J. , Wheater G. , Huyton S. L. , Miller L. , Hyson L. , Ballou S. , Ford R. , Perez X. , Mendez A.
Published: February 2024

The WXSO (fig.1) is a profiled wireline standoff which records a unique dataset allowing analysis of wellbore conditions and cable dynamics downhole during wireline logging operations. Typically, the WXSO is attached to the cable ~ 50ft above the cable head and its response accurately tracks the logging tool movements below. This paper discusses the data acquired, examines the various analyses and their applications, and the value delivered by this data. To date, WXSO has logged over 65 runs on 15 deep-water wells with a comprehensive range of wireline services.

The WXSO is approximately ten inches long and three inches in diameter. It houses a miniature multi-channel memory logging package which acquires pressure, temperature, and tri-axial acceleration & magnetometer data. The WXSO logging duration is limited to ~6 days, sufficient to cover most wireline services. The data is time-depth converted post-run to yield the following log deliverables:

Run summary logs: identifying key events downhole (logging times, depths, speeds, survey intervals, and any sticking events). Depth-based logs of borehole conditions and cable dynamics: pressure, temperature, synthetic mud weight, cable rotation, CCL, inclination and road noise. This data provides an overview of the operation, together with detailed logs for further interpretation. Continuous extrapolated temperature logs: mud column heating and cooling zones are clearly identifiable, with rates of change observable run by run. Static temperatures of different sand packages may provide valuable data points to aid reservoir description and interpretation. Mud column integrity log: variations (lower density zones) have been identified after clean-up and sampling Wireline depth analysis for stationary surveys: computed from WXSO accelerometers after the winch has stopped on station. Potential station log depth errors from – 8ft to + 5ft have been identified.Where the WXSO indicated large depth errors during sampling, the tests were repeated, utilising the computed creep offset, with resulting successful test data. Cable dynamics: during stuck tool incidents the WXSO has been used to confirm whether the cable was free; jar firing (or failure) has been recorded and confirmed by WXSO using computer generated imagery (CGI). Rotation logs: provide a down-hole record of cable rotation count during the wireline operation, which can supplement cable records to optimise cable maintenance and inspection regimes. Road Noise Logs; identifying cable contact zones for potential wireline casing wear.

This data provides diagnostics for wireline data packages to improve data QC, decision making and operational procedures, allowing better planning and mitigations for future operations.
Perceived impact of COVID-19 lockdown on access to healthcare services, food affordability and family income among married patients of a resource-limited primary care setting
Authors: Michael Godpower Chinedu , Suleiman Abdullahi Kabir , Grema Bukar Alhaji , Umar Zainab Abdulazeez
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To examine the perceived impact of COVID-19 lockdown on access to healthcare services, food affordability, and family income during the first phase of the pandemic among married people of a resource-limited primary care setting in Kano, Nigeria.

Methods:

This survey involved 432 married respondents systematically selected from attendees of a primary care clinic in Kano, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire.

Results:

Over half (53.5%) of respondents or their family members fell ill during the lockdown; 67.1% felt it difficult to access hospital treatment, while 32.9% sick patients resorted to self-medication. Over half (57.2%) could afford food as they used to, 75.0% reported that food items were costly, while 35.9% received government assistance. Only 29.9% had employment, of which 49.6% received a salary, while 29.5% had their salaries reduced. Educational level was significantly associated with ease of accessing healthcare services (χ2 =8.528, P=0.014). Age (χ2=12.209, P<0.001), family type (χ2 =12.943, P<0.001), home location in Kano state (χ2= 15.397, P<0.001) and family headcount (χ2=3.968, P=0.044) were significantly associated with perceived food affordability.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the negative impact of the lockdown on healthcare access, food affordability, and family income among respondents’ families. This suggests the need for more investments in promoting and scaling up telemedicine services as platforms for accessing healthcare, which could be utilized in similar future events. More studies will be needed to ascertain the complete picture of the implementation of social assistance in the study area to enhance planning and distribution of future government social assistance.
Investigation on the Surface Structure and Tribological
Characterization of 10 wt.% ZrO
2
-Reinforced Alumina Prepared by Flame
Spray Coating
Authors: Younes Rassim , Baiamonte Lidia , Idir Abdelhek , Dalibon Eugenia , Sadeddine Abdelhamid , Bradai Mohand Amokrane
Published: February 2024

In this study, we have investigated the microstructural characteristics, the
mechanical properties, and the dry sliding wear behavior of a ceramic coating
consisting of zirconia (ZrO2) and alumina
(Al2O3) deposited by flame spraying. A series of wear
tests were carried out under a variety of loads and at two different sliding
speeds. The evaluation included an examination of the coating microstructure,
microhardness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear resistance of the
flame-sprayed coating. The results showed that the coatings had a perfectly
structured micro-architecture and were metallurgically bonded to the substrate.
The Al2O3 coating exhibited a fine granular structure with
pores and oxides. The microstructure of Al2O3-10 wt.%
ZrO2, on the other hand, showed a blocky structure with a uniform
distribution of ZrO2 inclusions in the composite coating. X-ray
diffraction (XDR) results showed that the phases in both coatings were
predominantly α-Al2O3 with a minor presence of
γ-Al2O3. However, in addition to residual
ZrO2 in the tetragonal phase, the
ZrO2-Al2O3 coating showed a predominance of
ZrO2 in the monoclinic structure. To elucidate the intricacies of
the wear mechanism and the characteristics of the wear debris, a comprehensive
analysis of the wear performance of flame-sprayed ceramic coatings was carried
out.
A MOBILE-BASED CLINICAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: C.Y. Alonge , A.M. Mustapha , F.M. Okikiola
Published: February 2024

Most of the medical records kept by health centres around the world are patient records. The existing approaches of medical record keeping used in several health clinics in Nigeria are predominantly paper-based. This approach is faced with challenges such as losing patient records, duplicating patient records without necessity, and not having adequate backup facilities. In order to reduce the expense of purchasing the stationery supplies required for record-keeping and to improve the integrity and security of the patients' medical information, this research intends to automate the entire process by developing a mobile-based application. HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP were used in the building of this automated system along with MySQL as the database engine. The system assigns different users varying privileges based on their official role in the clinic, allowing the clinic employees (user) to view and take activities directly related to their official responsibilities. The system was evaluated with better communication and information resources in McPherson University Health center, Nigeria. It also adds to the body of information on problems related to the deployment and use of electronic health records. Hence, this will provide protection and security of the patient’s medical records. This solution can be enhanced to be an automated record-checking system using a biometric technique for extracting patients’ records.
Effects of broodstock sex pairing ratios and rest periods of the nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on fry production
Authors: Addo S. , Oblie E. N. A. , Duodu C. P. , Amponsah S. K. K. , Sowah W. , Asamoah E. K.
Published: February 2024

This study evaluated the effects of varying male to female brood stock pairing ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 with resting intervals of 0, 3 and 7 days on fry production of the Nile tilapia at the Aquaculture Demonstration Centre (ADC), Ashaiman, Ghana. Nine (9) treatments were arranged according to a 3 x 3 factorial design with three replicates giving a total of 27 spawning hapas (1 m3). Male and female brooders of mean body weight (229 ± 5.43 g and 171.6 ± 21.7 g respectively) were paired at the different sex ratios. Water temperature and DO were taken daily whiles pH, salinity and ammonia were measured weekly. All the water quality parameters were within suitable range for Nile tilapia fry production. The total mean fry output for the sex pairing ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) were 716 ± 344, 973 ± 325 and 723 ± 577 respectively. The total fry output for 0, 3 and 7 days of resting were 1503 ± 868, 2030 ± 637 and 3051 ± 1054 respectively with an observed 35% (3 days rest) and 103% (7 days rest) fry production increment over the 0-resting treatment. With respect to the combined effect of varying sex ratios and resting periods, the highest mean fry production (701 ± 405) was attained under the 7 days resting period at a pairing ratio of 1:2. The high reproductive performance of broodstock pairing ratio 1:2 and resting period of 7 days under this study confirms its efficient as a broodstock management technique for an increased Nile tilapia fry production.
Influence of Farming Experience and Knowledge on Selection of Climate Change Resilient Strategies among Female Agripreneurs in the Mopani of Limpopo Province South Africa
Authors: Tshikororo Mpho , Baloyi Seugnet , Gwebu Mashoma Pusheletjo
Published: February 2024

The study examined the influence of farmers’ farming experience and knowledge on their selection of climate change resilient strategies among female agripreneurs in the Mopani of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Frequency and percentage were used to gain insight into the distribution of their socio-economic characteristics. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to determine the influence of farming experience and knowledge in selecting climate change resilience strategies among female agripreneurs. The study revealed that female agripreneurs with a vast farming experience of more than ten years were well-capacitated in adopting biological, chemical, and environmental resilient strategies. Furthermore, it was noted that all groups of agripreneurs had incorporated environmentally resilient strategies for their reliability, cost-friendliness, familiarity, and workload. The study also revealed that female agripreneurs who opted for technological and biological knew pest and disease control and pest scouting, respectively. The study recommends that farmers with vast farming experience be climate change resilience champions within their regions, as their experience is instrumental.
Participation of Cocoa Farmers in Farmers Field School and its Effect on Yield in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Obaniyi Kayode Samuel , Oladele Olanike. E
Published: February 2024

This study examined the participation of farmers in Farmers Field School (FFS) and their effect on productivity in Osun state, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 98 respondents from the study area, with 50 being participating cocoa farmers in FFS) and 48 non-participating cocoa farmers. Data were collected with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire and were analysed with percentages, mean and T-test. The result shows that the farmers participated in the management training programme. spacing, shading techniques, and making the decision about where to replant cocoa,  Farmer’s field schools should be organized for all the cocoa farmers in all the cocoa-grown zones in Nigeria in order to increase their productivity, reduce poverty and increase their standard of living.
Livelihood Diversification among Rural Farmworker Households in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Belonwu N. Eunice , Moseri H. , Umeri Clifford , Nwabeze G.O.
Published: February 2024

The study examined livelihood diversification among rural farmworker households in Edo State. Ninety-six respondents provided data through the questionnaires which were analysed using percentages, the mean, chi-square, and the Cochran test. A sizable portion of respondents (24.0%) fell between the ages of 24 and 35, with a mean age of 50, and were predominately male (83.3%). Farming (100.0%) and small-scale commerce (78.0%) predominate among the livelihood possibilities for farmworker households, with a high percentage having a senior secondary school diploma (48.0%t). Lack of access to credit was the biggest obstacle to diversifying sources of income ( = 83.0). Rural farmworker households diversified their sources of income. The findings advocate for the involvement of relevant organisations in facilitating credit and loan facilities for smallholder farmworkers to boost their output and income, which may impact their degree of diversification and raise their standard of living.
Relationship between Social Media Use and Development of Crop Production Skills in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dabiah Abdulaziz Thabet , Alotibi Yahya S. , Azeem Muhammad Imran
Published: February 2024

The current study examined the information preferences of the subscribers of various agricultural content accounts on social media as well as the perceived impact of social media on crop production skills in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the subscribers of the agricultural content accounts of Saudi Arabia on social media using an online survey with the help of a structured questionnaire and a convenient sampling methodology. Both descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were run to analyse the data. The majority (81%) of the respondents preferred agricultural information in the form of videos, followed by photos (75%). Moreover, a moderate to high impact was reported by the respondents on their various agricultural skills. Trust in social media had a significant negative correlation with respondents’ perceived impact on their crop production skills. The respondents’ preferences for a particular type of information had a significant positive correlation with the perceived impact of social media on their crop production skills. We conclude that subscribers’ trust in social media and their preference for agricultural information in the form of videos are the critical factors that may shape their behaviourpositively.
Adoption of Improved Varieties among Rice Farmers in the Kindia Region of Guinea
Authors: Adeleke Oluwaseun Aderonke , Fadairo Olushola Samuel , Camara Mohamed Lamine Fod
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the adoption characteristics of improved rice variety among rice farmers in the Kindia region of Guinea. A Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 180 rice farmers and a well-structured interview guide was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data were analysed using percentages, mean statistics, standard deviation and Chi-square.  The most adopted rice variety was CK 90 (86.6%).  Factors influencing the adoption of improved rice varieties were market channels (84.9%), membership of associations (91.7%) and contact with extension personnel (85.5%).  Most (97.2%) rice farmers knew about growing improved rice varieties. Most (66.1%) of the respondents had a favourable attitude towards growing improved rice variety but faced constraints like insufficient loan ( = 2.89), weed infestation ( = 2.37), storage losses ( = 2.19) and low extension activities ( = 2.11). The adoption characteristics of respondents were good (88.3%) with economic characteristics having the highest mean ( =2.71). Educational qualification was significantly related (χ2 =1.149) to the adoption characteristics of improved variety. Efforts should be made by research institutes to ensure increased access of rice farmers to improved seed varieties with attractive characteristics which could aid its adoption and ensure food security in Guinea.
Bio-efficacy of essential oils of Eryngium foetidum L. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng against Anopheles gambiae Giles
Authors: Ubulom Peace M. E. , Thomas Paul S. , Akpan Akaninyene U. , Udofa Edidiong J.
Published: February 2024

Malaria and lymphatic filariasis transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes remain health challenges in tropical Africa. Resistance by vectors to synthetic insecticides limits control efforts. This study evaluated efficacy of essential oils of Eryngium foetidum and Plectranthus amboinicus against Anopheles gambiae. Test oils were obtained by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. From 1 mL stock solution, 31.25, 62.50, 125 and 250 and 500 μL/mL concentrations of E. foetidum and P. amboinicus oils were prepared using serial-dilution with tween 80 as diluent. Each concentration had eighty adult mosquitoes exposed. Results of knockdown and insecticidal tests after 30 and 60 minutes respectively revealed higher susceptibility of An. gambiae to E. foetidum. Eryngium foetidum (250μL/mL) elicited 100% knockdown after 20 minutes. In the insecticidal test, the same concentration resulted in 100% mortality at 40 minutes. Same effect was observed for 500 μL/mL of P. amboinicus oil at 25 and 60 minutes. From Probit analysis, KD50 values were 66.793 and 251.350 μL/mL for E. foetidum and P. amboinicus respectively. Values for LC50 were 85.818 and 428.663 μL/mL for E. foetidum and P. amboinicus respectively. Results demonstrate that E. foetidum oil holds promise as control agent against An. gambiae. Plectranthus amboinicus oil did not demonstrate appreciable efficacy.