bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LATIN AMERICAN POLICY COMPONENT OF THE USA, PRC AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION POLICY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Authors:   Doctor of Military Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow Russia, GORDIENKO D. V.
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the assessment of the influence of the Latin American component of the policy of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on the national security of these countries. An approach is proposed to compare the influence of the Latin American component of the policy of the states of the strategic triangle Russia-China-USA, which allows us to identify the priorities of Russia's policy in Latin America and other regions of the world. The work can be used to justify recommendations to the military and political leadership of our country.
PARTISIPASI BUDAYA KOMUNITAS COSPLAY LAMPUNG PADA FACEBOOK
Authors:   Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, Fitriyanti Fitriyanti , Sifaninda Fine ,   Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Tulang Bawang Lampung
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul "Budaya Partisipasi Komunitas Cosplay Lampung Pada Facebook", tujuan dan kegunaan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontribusi anggota komunitas Cosplay Lampung dalam memanfaatkan media sosial Facebook. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan jenis kualitatif. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teori Participatory Culture oleh Henry Jenkins. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat dilihat dari keanggotaan yang bersifat bebas, akrab dan kekeluargaan, kemudian kreatifitas berupa karya pembuatan kostum hingga karya digital, kontribusi selanjutnya yaitu kerjasama mengadakan event guna mempererat solidaritas, hingga membuat media baru yaitu instagram dengan tujuan eksistensi komunitas. Kata Kunci: Facebook, Komunitas, Participatory culture
Self-directed Learning in Music Teacher Education: Perspectives from Pre-service Music Teachers in South Korea
Authors: Shin Jihae
Published: June 2021

This aim of this study is to investigate the perspectives of Korean pre-service music teachers on self-directed thesis seminar conducted in the graduate teacher education program. This research focused on 1) the attitude of pre-service music teachers towards self-directed thesis seminar and 2) the impact of self-directed thesis seminar on the progress of the pre-service music teachers’ performance. Ten pre-service music teachers participated in the researcher’s thesis seminar. The results demonstrated that most of the participants were anxious and insecure in managing the various educational resources as well as monitoring the progress of their study. However, the self-directed thesis seminar has indirectly provided the participants with a new learning environment to manage their own goals, initiate their own learning, and responsible for their own progress and outcomes. The findings also showed that collaborative learning is essential as an instructional approach in self-directed learning to enable the participants to share their views from different perspectives and develop critical thinking.
Diclofenac Potassium-Induced Anaphylaxis with an Allergic Acute Coronary Syndrome and Premature Ventricular Contractions; Outpatient Clinic Management; A Case Report
Authors: Elsayed Yasser Mohammed Hassanain
Published: June 2021

Drug-induced disease is a common clinical entity. Drug-inducing anaphylaxis is a serious adverse effect. Several cases of allergic acute coronary syndrome or Kounis syndrome were reported. Premature ventricular contractions are the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia with or without structural heart diseases. A premature ventricular contraction is a sign of decreased oxygenation to the myocardium and anxiety but is also found in a healthy heart. A middle-aged married male patient presented to the physician outpatient clinic with syncope within one hour after ingested one tablet of diclofenac potassium (50mg). Diclofenac potassium-induced anaphylaxis and Kounis type I syndrome with premature ventricular contractions. Electrocardiography, oxygenation, monitoring for vital signs, and echocardiography were the done interventions. The dramatic disappearance of anaphylactic shock, Kounis type I syndrome, coronary artery spasm, and premature ventricular contractions after the traditional treatment of anaphylaxis had happened. Complete clinical and electrocardiographic recovery had achieved. The identi􀏐ication of drug-induced disease is a pivotal step in the diagnosis decision making of any medical problems. Diclofenac potassium can induce anaphylactic shock, Kounis type I syndrome, coronary artery spasm, and premature ventricular contractions. Kounis type I syndrome, coronary artery spasm, and premature ventricular contractions can be reversed with treatment of the cause without using anti-ischemic or ant-arrhythmic measures. Reassurance was the recommended regards diclofenac potassium-induced both coronary artery spasm and premature ventricular contractions that accompanied by anaphylaxis.
Catgut Implantation at Acupoints has an Immunosuppressive Effect on Autoimmune Uveitis by Regulating Th1/Th17 Lymphocytes
Authors: Chen Feifei , Zhao Jianying , Zhong Shuyang , Zheng Fengming , Hao Xiaobo
Published: June 2021

Catgut implantation at acupoints (CIA) has a long history as a medical treatment for a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of this therapy in autoimmune uveitis is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the immunity-inhibitory effect of CIA in an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) rat model. EAU was established in Lewis rats by the injection of IRBP1177–1191 peptide. The rats were randomly divided into control and CIA groups. Phenotypic and histological assessments were performed days 9, 13, 18, 23 post-immunization. The percentage of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes isolated from lymph nodes were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-17 and IFN-γ was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the CIA group, delayed mild inflammation was observed. Pathological investigation found alleviated infiltration of lymphocytes and ocular damage. Flow cytometry showed significantly decreased Th17 lymphocytes at day 9, 13, and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and no significant changes at day 23 post-immunization (P=0.868) after CIA. The Th1 lymphocytes were significantly decreased at day 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and comparable at day 9 (P=0.111) and 23 (P=0.551) post-immunization in the CIA group. IL-17 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were notably decreased at day 9, 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and showed a downward trend at day 23 post-immunization, although with no significance (P=0.080 and P=0.137, respectively) after CIA. Serum IL-17 and IFN-γ levels in the CIA group were significantly decreased at day 9, 13 and 18 post-immunization (P<0.05) and were comparable at day 23 post-immunization (P=0.078 and P=0.979, respectively). Ocular inflammation was markedly inhibited after catgut implantation at Pishu (BL20) and Shenshu (BL23) acupoints in an EAU rat model. Moreover, CIA reduced Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes and the expression IFN-γ and IL-17.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM OF ELASTIC PERFECTLY PLASTIC CONTINUOUS MEDIUM FOR PLANE DEFORMATION IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES AT BILINEAR APPROXIMATION OF THE CLOSING EQUATIONS
Authors:   The Penza state university of architecture and construction, Bakushev S.V.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The article considers the construction of differential equations of equilibrium in displacements for plane deformation of elastic perfectly plastic regarding shear deformations continuous medium and nonlinearly elastic continuous medium with respect to volumetric deformations with bilinear approximation of the closing equations, both regarding and regardless geometrical nonlinearity in a cylindrical coordinate system. Nonlinear diagrams of volumetric and shear deformation are approximated by bilinear functions. Proceeding from the assumption of independence, generally speaking, of volume and shear deformation from each other, five main cases of physical dependencies are considered, depending on the relative position of the break points of bilinear diagrams of volume and shear deformation. The construction of bilinear physical dependencies is based on the calculation of the secant moduli of volumetric and shear deformation. In this case, in the first section of the diagrams, the secant modulus of both volumetric and shear deformation is constant, while in the second section of the diagrams, the secant modulus of volumetric deformation is a function of volumetric deformation, and the secant shear modulus is a function of the intensity of shear deformations. Substituting the corresponding bilinear physical relations into the differential equations of equilibrium of a continuous medium, written both regardless and regarding geometrical nonlinearity, the resolving differential equations of equilibrium in displacements for plane deformation in a cylindrical coordinate system are received. The received differential equations of equilibrium in displacements in cylindrical coordinates can be applied in determining the stress-strain state of elastic perfectly plastic with respect to shear deformations continuous medium and nonlinearly elastic with respect to volumetric deformations continuous medium under conditions of plane deformation, both regarding and regardless geometrical nonlinearity, physical relations for which are approximated by bilinear functions.
CREEP OF INHOMOGENEOUS POLYMER CYLINDRICAL SHELL DURING HEATING
Authors:   NRU MGSU, Andreev V.I. , Sereda S.A. ,   NRU MGSU
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The article deals with the problem of creep of a polymer thick-walled cylindrical shell under the action of an uneven temperature field. The calculation is based on the nonlinear Maxwell – Gurevich equation, which is widely used in the calculations of polymer structures. To solve a quasi-stationary nonlinear problem, a "layer-by-layer" method is used, where a layer means a certain time of the process. Such methods for solving creep problems are also called step, sequential loading, incremental, etc. The problem is solved in an axisymmetric formulation under conditions of plane deformation. The use of the Maxwell – Gurevich differential equation allows solving rheology problems when exposed to a timevarying temperature field. The change in the stress state with time and its significant difference from the elastic solution are shown.
METHOD B.N. ZHEMOCHKINA IN CALCULATION OF PLATES IN THE FORM OF A PART OF A CIRCLE OR A RING ON AN ARBITRARY ELASTIC BASE
Authors:   RUE “Institute BelNIIS”, Bosakov S.V. , Kozunova O.V. ,   Belarusian State University of Transport, Gomel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Problems of calculating slabs on an elastic foundation in polar coordinates in the traditional formulation without taking into account the shear stresses in the contact zone are considered. The shape of the plates is taken in the form of a sector of a circle with an arbitrary angle or part of a ring. Analytical solutions for such problems are known for slabs of a circular or annular plan. The calculation is carried out by the Zhemochkin method, therefore, the deflections of the slab are first determined in the form of a sector of a circle with an arbitrary angle or a part of a ring with a clamped normal. This stage of the calculation is performed by the Ritz method, where the terms of the series by the product of the powers of the radius by the trigonometric functions of the angular coordinate are taken as the coordinate functions. The expressions obtained for the deflections of a slab with a clamped normal make it possible to form a system of resolving equations of the Zhemochkin method, the solution of which is the linear and angular displacements of the introduced clamping and the distribution of reactive stresses under the slab. Further, by known methods, the movements of the slab on the elastic foundation and the forces in it are determined. Two examples are given for slabs in the form of a semicircle and an annular sector with a right angle on an elastic half-space. The results obtained can find application in the calculation of circular and ring foundations for non-axisymmetric loads and slab foundations of complex shapes in polar coordinates.
RUSSIA’S DEOFFSHORIZATION MEASURES
Authors: Тригуб Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: June 2021

В статье рассмотрены и проанализированы меры, принимаемые Российской Федерацией с целью деофшоризации национальной экономики. Несмотря на все принятые меры: разработку законодательных актов и специальных инициатив, до сих пор наблюдается движение огромных объемов капитала между Российской Федерацией и офшорными юрисдикциями.

This article reviews and analyzes the measures taken by the Russian Federation to deoffshorize the national economy. Despite all the measures taken by the country, such as passing legislation and special initiatives, there is still considerable movement of capital between the Russian Federation and offshore jurisdictions.
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING AND MANAGING THE MARKETING OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN A GENERAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATION
Authors: Чирковская Ольга Владиславовна
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается критерии оценки и управления маркетингом образовательных услуг, исследованы направления практического маркетинга с учетом внутренних и внешних социальных условий образовательного учреждения с учетом современных требований социума.

The article considers the criteria for evaluating and managing the marketing of educational services, examines the directions of practical marketing, taking into account the internal and external social conditions of an educational institution, taking into account the modern requirements of society.
FEATURES OF COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR OF ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURES
Authors: Тасуева Седа Исаевна , Садулаева Иман Саидмухмедовна
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается специфика и особенности коммуникативного поведения представителей русских и английских лингвокультур в ситуациях речевого этикета. Этикет относится к правилам, которые применяются в определенной ситуации, в то время как манеры включают в себя более общие поведенческие принципы. Хорошие манеры это отражение того, кем является собеседник, и, в большинстве случаев, они являются схожими в разных культурах. Этикет варьируется в зависимости от культуры и обычаев конкретной страны и должен адаптироваться в соответствии с географическим положением.

The article deals with the specifics and features of the communicative behavior of Russian and English linguistic cultures in situations of speech etiquette. Etiquette refers to rules that apply in a particular situation, while manners include more General behavioral principles. Good manners are a reflection of who the other person is and, in most cases, they are similar across cultures. Etiquette varies depending on the culture and customs of a particular country and must adapt according to geographical location.
RESEARCH OF THE STRATEGY OF BEHAVIOR IN A CONFLICT SITUATION OF THE FUTURE POLICE OFFICER
Authors: Приходько Ольга Владимировна , Таалайбеков Бекжан Таалайбекович
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема поведения в конфликте будущего полицейского. Дается определение конфликта, приводятся его классификации. Описаны результаты исследования «Стратегия и тактика поведения в конфликтной ситуации», проведенного среди слушателей курсов подготовки иностранных специалистов СибЮИ МВД России первого года обучения.

The article deals with the problem of behavior in the conflict of the future police officer. The definition of the conflict is given, its classifications are given. The article describes the results of the study "Strategy and tactics of behavior in a conflict situation", conducted among students of the training courses for foreign specialists of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the first year of training.
OUR UNIVERSE
Authors: Хурамшин Иштимер Шагалиевич
Published: June 2021

Обсуждается вопрос о рождении нашей Вселенной на основе теории циклической космологии. Во время схлопывания предыдущей Вселенной в центре коллапса создается вакуум являющейся основой для экспоненциальной инфляции. В результате отскока происходит квантование энергетической плазмы в лучистую энергию, с последующим формированием фотонных частиц, которые являются основой образования барионной материи.

The question of the birth of our Universe is discussed on the basis of the theory of cyclic cosmology. During the implosion of the previous Universe, a vacuum is created at the center of the collapse, which is the basis for exponential inflation. As a result of the rebound, the energy plasma is quantized into radiant energy, followed by the formation of primary particles, which are the basis for the formation of baryonic matter.
ENGINEERING ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
Authors: Влезкова Виктория Игоревна
Published: June 2021

Стремительный рост международных операций в торговле инженерными и консалтинговыми услугами привел к формированию глобального рынка инжиниринговых услуг. Инжиниринговая деятельность является одним из основных видов функционирования сферы услуг в условиях научно-технического и инновационного развития экономики.

The rapid growth of international operations in the trade of engineering and consulting services has led to the formation of a global market for engineering services. Engineering activity is one of the main types of functioning of the service sector in the conditions of scientific, technical and innovative development of the world economy.
FORMATION OF COMPETENCIES OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN THE LIGHT OF THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION MODERNIZATION
Authors: Брылева Екатерина Владимировна
Published: June 2021

Выявлены проблемы формирования профессионального становления будущих специалистов в процессе обучения в техническом вузе. Проанализированы положения компетентностного подхода как целостного опыта решения насущных проблем. Сформулированы основополагающие принципы составления программ учебной дисциплины «Иностранный язык».

The problems of the formation of professional development of future specialists in the process of training at a technical university are revealed. The statements of the competence-based approach as a holistic experience in solving current problems are analyzed. The basic principles of framing programs of the academic discipline "Foreign language" are formulated.
INSTITUTE OF ARBITRATION IN CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW
Authors: Габазов Тимур Султанович , Бунтышева Аминат Умаровна
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена институту третейского разбирательства. Рассматривается актуальность третейских судов в современном правовом пространстве. Раскрыты исторические аспекты развития третейских судов. Определены понятия «третейский суд» и «третейское разбирательство». Рассмотрена нормативно-правовая база функционирования третейских судов, способы образования третейского суда. Раскрыты особенности третейского судопроизводства, а также изучены преимущества и проблемы третейского судоустройства.

The article is devoted to the institution of arbitration. The article considers the relevance of arbitration courts in the modern legal space. The historical aspects of the development of arbitration courts are revealed. The concepts of "arbitration court" and "arbitration proceedings" have been defined. The regulatory and legal framework for the functioning of arbitration courts, methods of formation of an arbitration court are considered. The features of arbitration proceedings are disclosed, as well as the advantages and problems of the arbitration court system are studied.
Unusual decrease of the cosmic ray intensity in May 2019 on the background of the minima solar activity
Authors: Trefilova Liudmila , Kobelev Pavel G. , Belov Anatoly V. , Eroshenko Eugenia A. , Melkumyan Anaid A. , Oleneva Victoria A. , Yanke Victor G.
Published: June 2021

In May 2019 there was a long and sloping decreasing of cosmic ray’s intensity (up to ~4%), which was observed on neutron monitors. Despite this was a small decreasing compared to
quasi-eleven-period variation, it stands out well in 24th cycle of solar activity. According to LASCO/SOHO and STEREO-A data from spectrometer in different UHF bands and from coronograph,
there was a series of CMEs which affected on modulation of cosmic rays by creating a series of Forbush decrea - sing, which didn’t restore. This series was connected to two active regions
on sun and began on April 30 from “reversed halo” CME. This CME didn’t reach the earth, but led to significant additional modulation of cosmic rays, mostly on east side. Later there was
a series of smaller CMEs on May 1-6, which also didn’t reach the earth, but were gradually approaching to Earth. Recent CMEs on 8-9 and 12-13 created a normal Forbush decreasing.
In May 2019, cosmic rays shown again, that they can collect information about distant objects of geliosphere and transmit it to Earth. The ground-level detectors sometimes can observe an
interaction of interplanetary distur- bances, which didn‘t reach the earth. East CMEs are especially effective, because they closing magnetic field lines beyond the orbit of earth and can
interfere the restoring of cosmic ray’s intensity.
Analyzing atmospheric electric field by the European SEVAN network of particle detectors
Authors: Chilingarian Ashot , Karapetyan Tigran , Zazyan Mary , Hovsepyan Gagik , Sargsyan Balabek , Nikolova Nina , Angelov Hristo , Chum Jaroslav , Langer Rony
Published: June 2021

Particle detectors of the European SEVAN network located on mountain heights in Aragats (Armenia), Lomnický štít (Slovakia) and Musala (Bulgaria) are well suited for the detection of thunderstorm ground
enhancements (TGEs, enhanced fluxes of electrons, gamma rays, neutrons). The modulation of charged particles flux by the electric field of the thundercloud results in a sizable change in the count rate of
detectors, which measure fluxes of electrons, gamma rays, and high energy muons in the near-vertical and near-horizontal directions. The relation between electric field strength and changes of particle
flux count rates is nonlinear and depends on many unknown parameters of atmospheric electric field and meteorological conditions. Nonetheless, employing extreme TGEs as a manifestation of the strong
electric field in the thundercloud and by measuring fluxes of three species of secondary cosmic rays (electrons, gamma rays, and muons) by SEVAN detectors located at altitudes of ≈ 3 km we study the
extreme strength of the atmospheric electric field. With the simulation of particle traversal through the electric field with CORSIKA code (https://www.iap.kit.edu/corsika/index.php, last accessed
April 21, 2021), we derive a maximum potential difference in the thunderous atmosphere to be ≈ 500 MV.
Cosmic radiation exposure of aviators for solar cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Paschalis Pavlos , Tezari Anastasia , Mavromichalaki Helen , Karaiskos Pantelis , Crosby Norma , Dierckxsens Mark
Published: June 2021

Assessing the radiation exposure of aviators and frequent flyers requires the study of the cosmic ray showers inside the Earth’s atmosphere. DYASTIMA / DYASTIMA-R is a Geant4 based software
application, implemented by the Athens Cosmic Ray Group which allows the study of the evolving secondary particles cascades inside the atmosphere, as well as radiation dosimetry calculations
(ambient dose equivalent rate) at different atmosphe - ric altitudes, geographic coordinates and magnetic cut-off rigidity. Results for various scenarios, as calculated by DYASTIMA/DYASTIMA-R,
are provided as a federated product through the European Space Agency Space Situational Awareness of the Space Radiation Service Centre Network, while the DYASTIMA software is provi- ded through
the Athens Neutron Monitor Station (A.Ne.Mo.S.) portal. Initial results for the assessment of the radiation exposure during the last Solar Cycles 23 and 24 are presented in this work, covering
the most usual flying altitudes. The results indicate the dependence of the dose rate on the magnetic cut-off rigidity threshold, with higher dose rates at high geographic latitudes, as well as
the anti-correlation of cosmic ray intensity with the solar activity, as higher dose rates are observed during solar minimum conditions.
Signs of geoeffective space weather events in cosmic rays during the first half of the solar cycle 24
Authors: Gil Agnieszka , Modzelewska Renata , Moskwa Szczepan , Siluszyk Agnieszka , Siluszyk Marek , Wawrzaszek Anna , Wawrzynczak Anna
Published: June 2021

Solar originating events are continually evident in galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux registered at the ground by neutron monitors. We analyze time intervals of sporadic Forbush decreases
(Fd) observed by neutron monitors (NM) during the first half of solar cycle 24. We consider NMs data, as well as, solar, heliospheric and geoma - gnetic activity parameters, around those
periods, using different mathematical tools. Subsequently, an impact of space weather phenomena on energy infrastructure is well known, in the further step we consider logs from one of the
Polish transmission lines operators during the time intervals of Fds. Based on the data from the Ins- titute of Meteorology and Water Management-Polish National Research Institute we exclude
from the analysis the weather-related failures. We found that the increase in the superposed averaged number of failures appears around Forbush decreases.
Relationship of the characteristics of large Forbush decreases and the heliolongitude of their sources
Authors: Papailiou Maria , Abunina Maria , Belov Anatoly V. , Eroshenko Eugenia A. , Yanke Victor G. , Mavromichalaki Helen
Published: June 2021

In this investigation the different features and characteristics of Forbush decreases, with emphasis on large For- bush decreases (≥4%) and their association to solar sources, are being
examined. According to the heliolongitude of the solar source, the events under study were separated into three subcategories: western (21º ≤ heliolongitude ≤ 60º),
eastern (-60º ≤ heliolongitude ≤ -21º) and central (-20º ≤ heliolongitude ≤ 20º). The selected events cover the time period 1967 - 2017. The ‘Global Survey Method’ was used for
analyzing the Forbush decreases, along with data on solar flares, solar wind speed, geomagnetic indices (Kp and Dst), and interplanetary magnetic field. In ad - dition, the superimposed
epoch method was applied in order to plot the time profiles for the aforementioned group of events. This detailed analysis reveals interesting results concerning the features of cosmic
ray decreases in re- gard to the heliolongitude of the solar sources. Moreover, it is also shown that large Forbush decreases, regardless of the heliolongitude of the solar source,
are accompanied by increased geomagnetic activity and increased aniso- tropy, including anisotropy before the events, which can serve as a typical precursor of Forbush decreases.
Precursory signals of Forbush decreases with and without shock wave
Authors: Lingri Dimitra , Mavromichalaki Helen , Belov Anatoly V. , Eroshenko Eugenia A.
Published: June 2021

Many previous studies have shown that before the beginning of a Forbush Decrease (FD) of the cosmic ray intensity, a precursor signal can be observed. All these surveys were focused on
FDs that are associated with a sudden storm com- mencement (SSC). In this work we demonstrate that precursors could also be observed in events without a SSC that is determined by an
abrupt increase of the interplanetary magnetic field. The type of precursory signals and their diversity among the events are the main purpose of this study. We try to figure out
similarities and differences on the signals and the associated events from both categories in the last fifty years, from 1969 to 2019, using the same selection criteria of the under
investigation FDs. Simultaneously the orientation of the upcoming solar disturbances in comparison to the way they configure the increase of the interplanetary magnetic field and create
these signals are discussed.
Roundtable discussion: Organising cleaners in the context of Covid-19
Authors: Wakefield Heather , O’Connor Helen , Mayo Marjorie , White Jonathan
Published: June 2021

People working as cleaners represent a substantial part of the modern British working class. Low-paid, often part-time, disproportionately female and, more recently, from black and minority ethnic and migrant communities, this workforce has historically been seen as hard to organise. Yet the Covid-19 crisis has elevated the status of cleaning as a key part of maintaining public health. In this article, trade union organisers with experience of working with cleaners discuss the possibilities of the current conjuncture for effecting a step change in both unionisation and the reconstruction of public services.
Historical memory and the fight against fascism
Authors: Gibson Ralph
Published: June 2021

In June and November 2020, the Marx Memorial Library and Workers’ School and the Society for Co-operation in Russian and Soviet Studies organised two online panel discussions on the subject of historical memory and the fight against fascism. Recordings of both discussions are available on the library’s website. This article reflects on these two panel sessions.
Engels Memorial Lecture: Women’s oppression, the origin of the family and the condition of the working class
Authors: Davis Mary
Published: June 2021

This article, based on the author’s Engels Memorial Lecture on 26 November 2020, examines the significance of Friedrich Engels’s seminal work on the origin of the family, the oppression of women and the relationship of both to the development of private property. While accepting his overall analysis and rejecting alternatives, the article questions the application of Engels’s theory to an understanding of the working-class family. It suggests a way in which this lacuna can be remedied from a Marxist perspective.
Tailored stereotactic radiotherapy technique using deep inspiration breath-hold to reduce stomach dose for cardiac radioablation
Authors: Cha Myung-Jin , Cuculich Phillip S. , Robinson Clifford G. , Chang Ji Hyun
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To provide a new insight on a novel safe cardiac radioablation using deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) to reduce gastrointestinal dose.Materials and Methods: For treating incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) originated from left ventricle inferior scar abutting the stomach, a target delineation and treatment planning for cardiac radioablation was performed. With four different computed tomography (CT) scan protocols—DIBH, full expiration breath-hold, four-dimensional (4D) CT without and with abdominal compression, the distances between the target and the stomach were compared.Results: Among the protocols, the CT scan with DIBH showed largest distance between the target and the stomach and selected for the treatment planning. The prescribed dose was 25 Gy in a single fraction, and satisfactory dosimetric parameters were achieved with the DIBH. The patient was successfully treated with the DIBH, and experienced no acute toxicity. Conclusion: To gain the best benefit from cardiac radioablation, understanding the possible toxicity in the adjacent organs is crucial. By moving the heart with thoraco-diaphragmatic movement by DIBH, the target could be physically separated from the stomach.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sociocultural Factors on the Children Stature in Langkat Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Siti Saidah , Girsang Bina Melvia , Hariati Hariati
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition due to insufficient nutrition for a long period of time. This condition results the child to not having a proper body height in his age and raises risks for short and long term. North Sumatra, Indonesia, is one area with frequent number of stunting incidences, especially in the regency of Langkat. Socioculture is one of the factors that are closely related to stunting since it is related to the care method of infants and children, including the fulfillment of food and family nutrition. Therefore, failing to provide these supports will cause stunting to emerge.

AIM: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between sociocultural factors and babies and toddler with stunting, particularly in Langkat Regency, Indonesia.

METHODS: This study is a descriptive correlation using survey to determine the sociocultural relationship of the community to the incidence of stunting in Langkat district, especially the Secanggang subdistrict. Using total sampling method, 136 family/parents that have babies/children were chosen. Data were collected through questionnaires, which consisted of demographic data, sociocultural data, and health status. Furthermore, data analysis was performed using Chi-square statistical test, while multivariate test analysis was conducted through logistic regression.

RESULTS: This research discovers and confirms that social-cultural factors have a significant effect as the cause of stunting.

CONCLUSION: The sociocultural factors which were related to stunting are environmental sanitation, parents educational background, family income, and mother’s knowledge. Therefore, further and comprehensive study on sociocultural is needed to be performed to overcome stunting in community.
The Association between Daily Fluid Balance and Mean Perfusion Pressure as a Critical Sign in the Intensive Care Unit of Adam Malik Central Hospital, Medan
Authors: Lubis Bastian , Amelia Putri , Akil Muhammad
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: The patient mortality rate in intensive care unit (ICU) is still high. However, we still lack measures to reduce this high mortality rate. Fluid balance is known as a marker for mortality in ICU. If the balance of fluid becomes more positive, the mortality rate consequently becomes higher. Positive fluid balance elevates central venous pressure (CVP), while this elevation increases the risk of renal failure and mortality. Mean perfusion pressure (MPP) is the difference between mean arterial pressure and CVP.

AIM: We propose that the MPP value can be used as an alternative indicator to monitor excessive fluid balance since its measurement is faster and more accurate than the manual 24 h record of fluid balance.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is expected that we can prevent excessive fluid accumulation and the subsequent mortality risk by monitoring MPP in the ICU. To investigate the association between MPP and daily fluid balance in the ICU, a prospective study was conducted from March 2016 to August 2018 in the ICU of Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. During the study period, 76 patients were admitted. Sixty-point 5% were male, with the mean age of 48.3 ± 16.5 years old.

RESULTS: The overall mortality of 76 patients was 10.5%, and there was a significant negative correlation found between MPP and fluid balance (r = −0.204; p = 0.048), where a lower MPP value was associated with a more positive fluid balance.

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is a negative correlation between MPP and fluid balance, where a more positive fluid balance is associated with a lower MPP value. The positive fluid balance had been previously associated with increased mortality risk in the ICU.
Pandemic Coronavirus Disease-19-Induced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder on the Bank Employee
Authors: Purnama Sutan Dassep , Amin Mustafa M. , Effendy Elmeida
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects respiratory system and other organs. It is transmitted through air or contact of contaminated surfaces. Thus, physical and social distancing, hand washing with soap, or hand sanitizer are greatly persuaded. Interestingly, this pandemic does not only affect physical health, but also mental disorder, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that is marked with the presence of either obsession or persistent compulsive behavior, or in the most common form, both are present. Obsession is thought, image or desire that preoccupies someone’s mind which commonly is related to anxiety. Compulsion, in the other hand, is repetitive behavior that strongly derives individual to do so to achieve fulfillment of one’s obsession that is not considered normal on the bases of daily norm.

CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old woman as a bank employee admitted of doing repetitively unreasonable hand washing and shower within approximately the past 3 months. She even washes her hands more than 10 times in an hour and takes shower more than 5 times a day. She admitted that this is her very first experience and all were started at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic also causes serious mental disorders and has become such a nightmare or worst scenario for those experiencing OCD. Physical and social distancing, hand washing with soap, or hand sanitizer are greatly.
The Relationship between Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor’s Serum Level and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Efffendy Elmeida , Sjahrir Muhammad , Utami Nurul
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can lead to depression. The involvement of the nervous system in psoriasis was proved by the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in regulating corneocyte homeostasis. Low level of BDNF in patients with psoriasis result in transit amplifying subpopulation of basal keratinocytes not performing their function as inhibitors of keratinocyte proliferation, resulting in acceleration of keratinocyte proliferation. In depressed patients, it is known that levels of BDNF in the serum and hippocampus are low. BDNF level imbalance potentially affects the severity of psoriasis and depression.

METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. The measurement of BDNFs serum level was carried out in the Medan Private Laboratory using a human BDNF (R and D®, USA) kit using the ELISA method. We use hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS-D) questionnaire to assess depression symptoms.

RESULTS: The results of the Spearman correlation test for BDNFs serum level and HADS-D showed p < 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between BDNFs serum level and HADS-D. The strength of the relationship between HADS-D and BDNFs serum level is −0.537 that shows moderate correlation (r = 0.4 −<0.6). Relationship between HADS-D and BDNFs serum level is −0.537 that shows moderate correlation (r = 0.4 −<0.6).

CONCLUSION: This study shows a moderate negative relationship between BDNFs serum level and the degree of symptoms of depression, which the lower level of BDNFs serum will increase the degree of depression symptoms.
Primary Amenorrhea with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome
Authors: Rusda Muhammad , Lutan Delfi , Andarini Mervina , Rambe Andrina Yunita M.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare disorder described as aplasia or hypoplasia of uterus and vagina due to an early arrest in the development of Mullerian ducts. The etiology of MRKH syndrome remains uncertain: Although at the beginning, it was mentioned that this syndrome was the result of sporadic abnormalities. It has recently been assumed the genetic background is the cause of the increasing number of familial cases.

CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old female patient presented with amenorrhea. She also has normal pubic and axillary hair and breast development. Routine investigations were normal. Genitalia inspection shows that pubic hair was well developed, labia majora and vagina were seen. Inspeculo show that vaginal wall was smooth, but portio was not seen. Vaginal examination result: The uterus was unpalpable, both adnexa were normal, parametrium was laxed, and Douglas pouch was not protruded. Rectal examination shows that uterus and both adnexa were difficult to identify. Transvaginal sonography revealed absence of uterus, both ovaries within normal. Transvaginal sonography diagnosed a uterine aplasia. With this, the provisional diagnosis made as primary amenorrhea due to suspected MRKH syndrome, the patient was referred for follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone, and prolactin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay examination and the result was within normal limit followed by genetic karyotyping and the result was normal 46, XX.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a 29-year-old woman with primary amenorrhea. From our examination, the patient was diagnosed with MRKH syndrome. Uterus transplant is an alternative for that woman to treat amenorrhea and possibility to get pregnant.
Identification of Neuregulin 1 as Predictor Outcome in Intracranial Astrocytoma
Authors: Dharmajaya Ridha , Mouza Abdurrahman
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Astrocytoma is the most common primary brain tumor. The combination of adhesion molecules, proteases, and cytokines that regulate their expression likely underlies tumor progression. The cytokine of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) has a role in progression and invasion of tumor cells by activating signal after binding its receptor.

AIM: To identification NRG1 expression with characteristic of intracranial astrocytoma patient is the purpose of this study.

METHODS: This study uses analytic method with retrospective study. It analyzed the association between NRG1 expressions in astrocytoma patients. The study included 32 samples which were admitted to Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan from September 2016 to August 2018.

RESULTS: There was no significant association between NRG1 expression with age (p = 0.853) and gender (p = 0.565) of astrocytoma patients, while there was a significant association between NRG1 expression with cell proliferation (p = 0.00), WHO grading of astrocytoma (p = 0.00), and outcomes (p = 0.023). According to this study, the most common results are strong NRG1 expression has many cells proliferation in 10 (31.1%) patients, strong NRG1 expression with Grade IV astrocytoma found in 7 (21.9%) patients, and moderate NRG1 expression in live patient found in 7 (21.9%) patient.

CONCLUSION: There is significant association between NRG1 expression and cell proliferation, WHO grading of astrocytoma, and outcomes.
The Differences of Anxiety Scores in the Pangkalan-I Defense Battalion Warriors, Belawan between the Pandemic Time COVID-19 and the Normal Period Before Pandemic
Authors: Harahap Zulfikar Chandra S. , Effendy Elmeida , Nasution Nazli Mahdinasari
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 has caused changes in people's living conditions and has brought harmful psychological effects such as anxiety. The military has an important role as a health service provider in particular and accelerates control in disasters such as COVID-19. Mental health in the rapid adaptation of the military is an important thing in carrying out its duties.
Objective: This study is to determine the adaptability of the Belawan Defense Marine Battalion Soldiers in dealing with situations that have never been faced before.
Methods: This study is a paired numerical comparative analytical study using a retrospective approach. By assessing the difference in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) score and also the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait (STAI-T) score during the COVID-19 pandemic and normal conditions before the pandemic, with the study population of Marine Defense Battalion Soldiers Base- I Belawan.
Results: the median of the STAI-S score during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Belawan Defense Base-I Marine Battalion Soldier is 35 with a minimum value of 20 and a maximum value of 55. There is a significant difference between the STAI-S score during the COVID-19 pandemic and normal conditions at Belawan I-Base Defense Marine Battalion Soldiers (p <0.001). There was no significant difference between the STAI-T score between the COVID-19 pandemic and the normal condition of the Belawan I-Base Marine Defense Battalion Soldiers (p = 0.45).
Conclusion: There was a tendency for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to normal conditions in the Belawan I Base Defense Marine Battalion soldier.
Species-rich bark and ambrosia beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Ecuadorian Amazonian Forest Canopy
Authors: Dole Stephanie A. , Hulcr Jiri , Cognato Anthony I.
Published: June 2021

Canopy fogging was used to sample the diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) at two western Amazonian rainforest sites in Ecuador. Sampling was conducted by Dr Terry Erwin and assistants from 1994–2006 and yielded 1158 samples containing 2500 scolytine specimens representing more than 400 morphospecies. Here, we analyze a subset of these data representing two ecological groups: true bark beetles (52 morphospecies) and ambrosia beetles (69 morphospecies). A high percentage of these taxa occurred as singletons and doubletons and their species accumulation curves did not reach an asymptote. Diversity estimates placed the total scolytine species richness for this taxon subset present at the two sites between 260 and 323 species. The α-diversity was remarkably high at each site, while the apparently high β-diversity was an artifact of undersampling, as shown by a Monte Carlo resampling analysis. This study demonstrates the utility of canopy fogging for the discovery of new scolytine taxa and for approximate diversity assessment, but a substantially greater sampling effort would be needed for conclusive alpha as well as beta diversity estimates.
A preliminary phylogeny and review of the genus Tasmanitachoides, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidarenini)
Authors: Maddison David R. , Porch Nick
Published: June 2021

The genus Tasmanitachoides Erwin, a genus of very small carabid beetle endemic to Australia, is reviewed. Although uncommon in collections, they can be abundant and diverse on banks of fine gravel or coarse sand next to bodies of fresh water; samples from southeastern Australia suggest numerous undescribed species. An initial phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented, including 19 of the 32 known species. The inferred phylogeny, based upon one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes, shows the kingi group to be sister to remaining Tasmanitachoides, with the wattsensis group and T. lutus (Darlington) also being phylogenetically isolated. Two new species are described: T. baehrisp. nov., from the Australian Capital Territory, is a member of the kingi group; T. erwinisp. nov., from Tasmania, is a member of the wattsensis group. Identification tools for described and some undescribed species are presented, including photographs of all known species.