bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol metabolism: increasingly complex
Authors: Sanhueza J. , Valenzuela R. , Valenzuela A.
Published: November 2012

Cholesterol is an important molecule; it is necessary for the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones, bile salts and to maintain the stability of biological membranes in animal cells. However, its excess is negative and is responsible for the development of many diseases involving the heart and brain, or in the generation of some types of cancer. For these reasons, the cellular cholesterol levels must be finely regulated and therefore, an infinite number of mechanisms participate in this regulation, which undertake the organism as a whole. These mechanisms should begin to operate efficiently from the intake of cholesterol from the diet, its incorporation into the enterocyte, where are involved carriers such as ABC and NCP1 transporters, PDZ structural motif, to name a few. It is also necessary an adequate regulation of circulating cholesterol and once inside the body, there should be a perfect harmony between the addition of cholesterol to various tissues, its metabolic use, the mechanisms of its tissue deposition, and the synthesis of this lipid. From this perspective, this review offers a general view of the molecular mechanisms that allow the regulation of extra and intracellular cholesterol levels.
Influence of fruit maturation process on the sensory quality of virgin olive oils from Picual, Hojiblanca and Picudo cultivars
Authors: Jiménez Herrera B. , Rivas Velasco A. , Sánchez-Ortiz A. , Lorenzo Tovar M. L. , Úbeda Muñoz M. , Callejón R. M. , Ortega Bernaldo de Quirós E.
Published: November 2012

The sensory quality of virgin olive oil is closely correlated with the cultivar and the degree of ripening of the olive fruit. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of ripening degree on sensory profile of monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOO) in order to establish an optimum harvesting time. Fruit obtained from three different cultivars, Picual, Picudo and Hojiblanca were picked at nine different stages of ripeness. The quality parameters were evaluated and the sensory characteristics were determinate by a sensor panel. The analytical parameters decrease slightly in all cultivars. The evolution of the organoleptic characteristics of the virgin olive oil is reported and typical flavors are described for each cultivar. In all studied cultivar, “fruity” and “bitter” attributes decreased during the ripening and conversely “sweet” attribute increased. The results showed in this work could be considered useful for providing information about the evolution of sensory quality of virgin olive oils during ripening to obtain those based on market preferences.
Preparation and evaluation of functional foods in adjuvant arthritis
Authors: Al-Okbi S. Y. , Mohamed D. A.
Published: November 2012

Adjuvant arthritis is an animal model that closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans. It is a successful working model used to study new anti-inflammatory agents. In previous studies (animal and clinical) we have shown that evening primrose oil, fish oil and the methanol extract of date fruits and fenugreek seeds have anti-inflammatory activity and that the methanol extract of dates has an antioxidant effect. Based on these studies, the aim of the present study was to prepare 7 functional foods containing such bioactive fractions separately or in combination and to evaluate them in adjuvant arthritis in rats, study the stability of bioactive ingredients and evaluate their sensory properties. The studied biochemical parameters were erythrocyte sedimentation rate, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and plasma copper, zinc and interlukin 2. Nutritional parameters, including body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were monitored during the feeding of the functional foods. The bioactive ingredients assessed were total phenolic contents and fatty acids. The results showed improvement in the biochemical parameters, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio of arthritic rats fed on the functional foods with different degrees. All the prepared functional foods were sensory accepted. The active ingredients showed stability during storage. In conclusion, all the tested functional foods showed promising antiinflammatory activity and were determined to be acceptable through sensory evaluation which means that their potential beneficial use as dietary supplements in rheumatoid arthritis patients may be recommended.
Le jardin d’Éden : le paradis terrestre renouvellé dans le jardin de la Reine à Trianon de Pierre-Joseph Buc’hoz
Authors: Lamy Gabriela
Published: November 2012

Pierre-Joseph Buc’hoz (Metz, 1731 – Paris, 1807), médecin botaniste attaché à la maison de Monsieur, frère de Louis XVI, publia de 1783 à 1785 deux cent soixante gravures de plantes (dont soixante jacinthes et tulipes) acclimatées et cultivées dans les jardins de la reine à Trianon. Du cap de Bonne-Espérance à la Guyane, de la Chine au Canada, de l’Afrique à la Sibérie, des voyageurs rapportaient alors graines et plantes que les jardiniers Richard père et fils acclimataient dans les serres chaudes de Trianon situées à l’emplacement du jardin anglais actuel dans le domaine de Versailles. Buc’hoz, déjà vivement critiqué de son vivant et qualifié au xixe siècle de « miserabilimus compilator », a publié un très grand nombre d’ouvrages d’histoire naturelle dont plusieurs in-folio. Très proche de la cour, il fut un véritable chroniqueur des faits scientifiques et botaniques des princes qu’il avait le privilège de côtoyer. Ainsi Le jardin d’Éden : le paradis terrestre renouvellé dans le jardin de la Reine à Trianon met en scène les voyageurs, botanistes, médecins, princes et mécènes qui ont permis de constituer dans les jardins de Trianon une collection botanique méconnue et oubliée.
Louis XVI ou le nouvel Henri IV
Authors: Chéry Aurore
Published: November 2012

Au cours du xviiie siècle, la figure d’Henri IV devient très populaire. Mis à l’honneur par les physiocrates, le roi béarnais et son ministre Sully deviennent des personnages incontournables des grands débats d’idées du siècle. Henri IV apparaît alors dans beaucoup de pièces de théâtre, ainsi que sur de nombreux objets d’art. Si Louis XV se méfie des comparaisons que peut susciter cet engouement, Louis XVI accepte volontiers ce modèle, non sans entretenir avec lui une certaine ambiguïté, puisqu’il est réticent à lui conférer un caractère officiel. Toutefois, dans ses actes, Louis XVI s’inspire largement de la légende écrite autour de son ancêtre, ce qui lui permet de construire sa propre image de « roi bienfaisant ».
Les salles d’Afrique : construction et décor sous la monarchie de Juillet (1830-1848)
Authors: Cottais Aurélie
Published: November 2012

La construction et le décor des salles d’Afrique s’inscrivirent dans le projet, initié par Louis-Philippe à partir de 1833, de créer au sein du château de Versailles un musée de l’Histoire de France. Cet ensemble exceptionnel fut entrepris à partir de 1837. Conçu pour commémorer la conquête de l’Algérie, le parti pris décoratif et iconographique célébra bientôt les grandes victoires militaires et l’ambition civilisatrice et expansionniste de la France. Cette étude propose tout d’abord une recontextualisation de cet ensemble, non seulement au sein du musée, afin d’appréhender son statut et sa signification au cœur du projet politique de Louis-Philippe, mais également en évoquant la conquête de l’Algérie et la vision de l’Orient au xixe siècle. Les grandes étapes de construction et d’aménagement, confiées à l’architecte Frédéric Nepveu, sont ensuite développées, ainsi que les liens entretenus par Horace Vernet, peintre officiel de ces salles, avec le souverain qui lui en offrit la direction décorative. Une analyse iconographique de la salle de Constantine, la seule à avoir été achevée, conclut le propos.
Fouilles archéologiques de la Grille royale du château de Versailles (2006)
Authors: Heitzmann Annick , Vorenger Justine , Treuillot Julien
Published: November 2012

En amont de la restitution de la Grille royale du château de Versailles, réalisée en 2006, un chantier archéologique a été entrepris afin de mettre au jour les fondations de la grille de Jules Hardouin-Mansart, qui devaient servir d’assise à la nouvelle grille. Au cours de ce chantier ont aussi été découvertes les substructures de l’aménagement antérieur de la clôture de la cour du château, œuvre de Louis Le Vau, et notamment l’un des fossés encadrant la grille centrale. Le fond de ce fossé s’est révélé très riche en mobilier archéologique daté des années 1664 à 1679, dans lequel se trouvaient des restes fauniques, composés de 48 % de mammifères, 30 % de poissons, 9 % d’oiseaux, 8 % de batraciens et 5 % de petits mammifères. Les mammifères étaient surtout représentés par le porc, le mouton et le bœuf, mais il a été aussi trouvé les restes d’un chien, d’un chat (animaux morts jetés dans le fossé) et d’un renard (peut-être attiré, comme les rongeurs, par les charognes de la fosse). Sur les os des gros mammifères ont été observées des traces de découpe, qui montrent que les carcasses arrivaient sur le site entières ou en quartiers, et étaient débitées sur place. Les poissons sont des poissons d’eau douce, péchés à proximité, ou des poissons marins. La présence des batraciens s’explique par leur consommation ou par l’humidité de la fosse. Aucun os d’animal sauvage n’est attesté : rien ne prouve donc la consommation de gibier. La faune représentée dans le fossé nord de Le Vau est donc essentiellement d’origine alimentaire et relève d’une alimentation ordinaire, en grande majorité carnée. Cette nourriture a probablement été consommée par les gardes, basés à proximité, et il faut bien admettre que les fossés ont servi de dépotoir, malgré leur position centrale.
Tumor-Infiltrating Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate CCR5-Dependent Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells Favoring Tumor Growth
Authors: Schlecker Eva , Stojanovic Ana , Eisen Christian , Quack Christian , Falk Christine S. , Umansky Viktor , Cerwenka Adelheid
Published: November 2012

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells in cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice that potently inhibits T cell responses. During tumor progression, MDSCs accumulate in several organs, including the tumor tissue. So far, tumor-infiltrating MDSC subpopulations remain poorly explored. In this study, we performed global gene expression profiling of mouse tumor-infiltrating granulocytic and monocytic (MO-MDSC) subsets compared with MDSCs from peripheral blood. RMA-S lymphoma–infiltrating MO-MDSCs not only produced high levels of NO and arginase-1, but also greatly increased levels of chemokines comprising the CCR5 ligands CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5. MO-MDSCs isolated from B16 melanoma and from skin tumor–bearing ret transgenic mice also expressed high levels of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5. Expression of CCR5 was preferentially detected on regulatory T cells (Tregs). Accordingly, tumor-infiltrating MO-MDSCs directly attracted high numbers of Tregs via CCR5 in vitro. Intratumoral injection of CCL4 or CCL5 increased tumor-infiltrating Tregs, and deficiency of CCR5 led to their profound decrease. Moreover, in CCR5-deficient mice, RMA-S and B16 tumor growth was delayed emphasizing the importance of CCR5 in the control of antitumor immune responses. Overall, our data demonstrate that chemokines secreted by tumor-infiltrating MO-MDSCs recruit high numbers of Tregs revealing a novel suppressive role of MDSCs with potential clinical implications for the development of cancer immunotherapies.
Errata corrige - Evaluation of the efficiency of systems to reduce vibration on modern tracklaying tractors
Authors: Pessina Domenico , Facchinetti Davide , Bonalume Valentina
Published: November 2012

The original article Evaluation of vibration levels improves the efficiency of modern tracklaying tractors (Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2012; XLIII:e7 DOI: 10.4081/jae.2012.e7) by Pessina D, Facchinetti D, Bonalume V, was published with an incorrect title due to a production error. The correct title is: Evaluation of the efficiency of systems to reduce vibration on modern tracklaying tractors.
The Journal of Agricultural Engineering sincerely apologizes to the authors and the readers for this mistake.

Journal of Agricultural Engineering
Production Office
DOI: 10.4081/jae.2012.e14
The Pedi woman’s experiences of childbirth and early parenthood: A summary of major findings
Authors: Chalmers B.
Published: November 2012

Traditional Black views of health and illness are contrasted to those of Whites. In particular, customs, practices and attitudes to childbirth and early infant care amongst Blacks are outlined. Within this framework, two interview protocols of approximately 170 items each, are described. These were designed to explore the urban and rural Pedi woman's knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding childbirth and early infant care as influenced by her social and economic environment. Practical issues concerning the use of these interview protocols are described. Major findings pertaining to aspects of the pre-natal, birth and post-natal experiences of women are reported. Possible implications of these findings are suggested.
Privatisation of South African health care: In whose interest?
Authors: Van Rensburg H.C.J , Fourie A.
Published: November 2012

In this article, essentially a critique on the privatisation of health care delivery in South Africa, the concept and social phenomenon of privatisation is analysed and evaluated, and the detrimental side-effects and latent consequences thereof dismantled. It is argued that the privatisation of South African health care is a reflection of narrow economistic thinking that will neither contribute to the more efficient functioning of the existing health care system nor alleviate the prevailing problems of shortages of resources and deficiencies in organisation. Privatisation of South African health care is in the last instance and in many respectse not in the interest of the patient population in all its diversity.
The impact of advanced cancer on the functional status of patients attending oncology clinics in selected urban areas
Authors: Brink H.L.
Published: November 2012

The primary purpose of the study was to obtain information from out patients with advanced cancer on their functional status, and to construct a profile of existing needs, which may be of use for nurses involved with planning and rendering support. A secondary purpose was to determine whether an existing instrument would provide a reliable means of assessing the degree of symptom distress and its impact on the functional status of patients with advanced cancer in this country. The population consisted of patients who had been diagnosed as suffering from cancer with metastases to at least one of the following organs - liver, lung, bone or brain - and who were under active therapy or supervision at an oncology clinic of a large hospital as out patients. Six clinics were selected; however, only four participated. Random samples of one or two patients per clinic day were selected during the period from October 1987 to January 1988for interviews. A total of 146 patients participated. The Chairmen of the Regional Oncology Nursing Societies were the chief investigators. Selected oncology nurses assisted with data collection. The instrument was found to be reliable and a positive relationship between symptom distress and functional status was established. Areas of problems and concerns of cancer patients were identified and a profile was constructed as an aid to nurses planning or rendering cancer care.
Die werksgeskiedenis van oudstudente van die Departement Verpleegkunde aan die universiteit van die Oranje Vrystaat
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

In 1986, a survey of 327 ex-students of the Department of Nursing at the University of the Orange Free State was done. A questionnaire covering the following aspects was sent to all graduates and diplomates: where and in what capacity they worked after their training, who their employers were, how long they worked and which further training they have had. It was found that these ex-students were very active in the profession, with a long service record in many types of services across the country.
Spesifieke leergeleenthede in gesondheidsopvoeding
Authors: Nel A.H. , Basson A.A.
Published: November 2012

The effective application of learning opportunities in health care necessitates attention in practise. A conceptual guideline has been compiled according to a literature study in order to determine the practise of health education. In this research into learning opportunities for the presentation of the module, mother and child health services in community health nursing, the method adopted was the following: • the student nurse was actively involved in the teaching process by way of group discussions, thereby acquiring greater cognitive skills; and • through practical guidance the student nurse is given an opportunity to master interpersonal skills. The results have shown that student nurses ought to be exposed to various teaching methods as early in their training as possible in order to exercise in practise, the mastering of interpersonal skills. In order to demonstrate the effect of group activity and role play to the student nurse, certain recommendations have been made. The most important include the following: • It would appear that traditional lecture methods alone are not sufficient for the training of student nurses in the field of rendering health counselling. The student nurse should therefore be actively involved through teaching methods such as group discussions and role play. • As early in the student nurse's training as possible the importance of establishing and maintaining sound interpersonal skills for effective health counselling should be emphasised.
Versorgingsfasiliteite wat die onafhanklikheid van die pasiënt met karsinoom bevorder
Authors: Malan E.S.
Published: November 2012

Since cancer is a long-term disease it has far-reaching implications for the patient. Nurse and patient are in contact with one another for prolonged periods during treatment. It is important to develop education programmes and community support services during these periods of close patient contact in order to lighten the burden of nursing staff and to encourage patient independence .
Job involvement and job satisfaction of South African nurses compared with other professions
Authors: Kaplan R.A. , Boshoff A.B. , Kellerman A.M.
Published: November 2012

The study was designed primarily to compare the work outcomes of job satisfaction and job involvement of South African nurses with those of members of 13 other professional groups in South Africa and with American nurses where data was available. Secondary aims included identifying areas where job satisfaction was particularly low and demonstrating the relative independence of the job involvement and job satisfaction constructs. A questionnaire incorporating the Kanungo Job Involvement Scale and the Short Form of the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire was mailed to random samples of people between the ages of 29 and 41 drawn from 14 professional registers. There were 114 nurses in the final sample and 1677members of other professions. Differences among professions were tested for significance using one-way analyses of variance and Bonferroni ranges tests. South African Nurses were shown to have extremely low job satisfaction relative to American nurses and to other professional groups in South-Africa. By contrast their job involvement was moderately high. The implications of these findings for the medical profession as a whole and for nurses in particular are discussed. The fear is expressed that wide spread dissatisfaction may lead to fewer people entering the profession and highly trained people leaving.
’n Funksionele denkbenadering in die verpleegkunde
Authors: Botes A.
Published: November 2012

The aim of the functional approach is the application of knowledge to the solution of problems in nursing practice. In order to decide whether the functional approach is appropriate in nursing science it is necessary to study the relationship between nursing practice, nursing science and the philosophy of nursing science. If the functional approach seems appropriate, thought should be given to methodological implications for nursing research.
They gave their lives: a tribute to the known and unknown nurse martyrs of our time - Part 1
Authors: Pera S.A.
Published: November 2012

An interest in the development of nursing from early Christian times and the persecution of women in the Early Church has led to this study of nurses and martyrdom. Historical research using secondary sources was undertaken to identify and describe the experiences of nurse martyrs with special reference to the present century. Martyrdom does not belong to the past as generally believed. The twentieth century is recognised as a century of Christian martyrdom unparalled since the earliest Christian times. Women have been major contributors to the missionary calling and during the course of the nineteenth century many woman missionary societies were founded Education and health care go hand in hand with the Christian message. While a few examples of nurses who suffered martyrdom in the mission field have been recorded, it is necessary to examine the events which led to their death. This article pays tribute to known and unknown nurse martyrs. Subsequent articles describe the suffering of nurse martyrs identified in selected world regions.
Die invloed van verskeie verpleegkundige prosedures en rus op die intrakraniale druk van die hoofbeseerde pasiënt
Authors: Hugo M.J.
Published: November 2012

The increasing number of head injuries following motor vehicle accidents have made this research important. The effect of nursing care activities and scheduled rest periods on the intracranial pressure of the head injured patient was studied An experimental design was used in the empirical study where 23 patients were observed Although a significant difference could not be demonstrated between the experimental and control groups in terms of the influence of rest periods the effect of the various nursing care procedures is clearly demonstrated, and careful planning of nursing care is therefore an important factor that must always be borne in mind.
Left or right, up or down: A case for positioning of unconcious head-injured patients
Authors: Hugo M.
Published: November 2012

Nursing care activities have been proved to cause increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) which could be detrimental to the patient’s health. Because positioning is one of the activities that causes the greatest pressure changes it was evaluated in this study. Cumulative increases also occur when nursing care activities are carried out in quick succession. The analysis of the data and literature suggest that the backrest position with the head of the bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees is the best position for a patient with increased ICP. If further research should prove that this position has a negative influence on the cerebral perfusion pressure, these recommendations will have to be revised.
Disease-related needs of black patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Treadwell I.
Published: November 2012

The high incidence of cervical cancer amongst South African black women is complicated by late presentation for treatment as well as by misconceptions and ignorance which adversely affect the quality of their lives. The aim of the research was to determine the disease-related needs of patients suffering from cervical cancer which would serve as a basis for planning on providing for these needs. Needs for the following were identified: • Education on early detection in the community. • Education on nutrition and hygiene. • Information on and assistance in obtaining financial relief by means of subsidised transport and disability pensions.
An exploratory study of the ways in which mothers keep their infants occupied
Authors: Botha A. , Cleaver G.
Published: November 2012

The mother child relationship can help or hinder the social, emotional and intellectual development of the infant. Research has shown that the interaction between mother and child can affect the child’s cognitive development. Research has shown that mothers from the lower socio-economic groups do not stimulate their babies optimally and that this may affect the children negatively. In this study 86 underprivileged mothers from two different cultural backgrounds were asked to describe the ways in which they kept their infants occupied during the first year of their infants’ lives. The differences between the two groups are discussed and recommendations are made.
Selection of student nurses at Bafokeng Nursing College
Authors: Setsoe G.
Published: November 2012

Bafokeng Nursing College is a privately owned institution situated at the Impala Mines in Bophuthatswana. It selects and trains student nurses from all parts of Southern Africa in the comprehensive four-year course who at qualifying are free to work for Genmin or anywhere else in the country. The College is affiliated to Medunsa in offering the four-year comprehensive course. Selection is limited because of limited facilities. The old selection process was evaluated in 1985 and the new selection process started functioning in 1986 when the new course was offered for the first time at the College. With the new selection process, the drop-out rate is very low, the pass rate has improved and the quality of nursing care is improving.
Psigiatriese pasiënte se belewenis van hul behandeling deur die interprofessionele gesondheidspan in ’n privaat psigiatriese kliniek
Authors: Stols H.E. , Greeff M. , Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

Research
Developing critical thinking skills
Authors: Kyriacos U.
Published: November 2012

Conference paper. Address delivered at the Nursing Education Association Conference on Clinical Teaching: Broederstroom - March 1992
The status of nursing research in the Republic of South Africa: Past and present perspectives
Authors: Brink H.I.L.
Published: November 2012

Paper delivered at the 10th Anniversary Conference on Research In Nursing Education at the Hyatt Regency, Embarcadero Centre, San Francisco, California, 12-14 February 1992.
Using hospital archival data to research the history of nursing: King George V Jubilee Hospital - an example
Authors: Pillay Y.G.
Published: November 2012

The history of a medical institution and those who have worked in it can provide valuable insights into the nature of the health care of a particular historical period. While it is acknowledged that health care is provided both inside and outside medical institutions, the hospital has significantly shaped the nature of health care in general and the role of nurses in particular since the turn of this century (Reverby 1985).
’n Model vir kwalitatiewe navorsing in die verpleegkunde
Authors: Botes A.
Published: November 2012

The aim of the research is to describe a model for research in Nursing from the Model of Botes (1989). Within a contextual, qualitative, descriptive design a model for research in Nursing is described through a literature study, script-analysis and intersubjective debate. The method of research went through five fases. The model for research in Nursing & describe Accordingly the assumptions of the model, a visual presentation, definition of the central concept and statements in the model. The model is evaluated and recommendations for implementation are given.
Towards The Eighties ... Nursing Education in Perspective
Authors: Meliish J.M.
Published: November 2012

The end of another decade is in sight, a decade which has brought many changes in medical knowledge, in technology and consequently in nursing. It has also been a decade in which wars, violence, urban terrorism and many examples of man’s inhumanity to man have almost become part of the daily existence of large numbers of the population of the earth.
Staff Rostering
Authors: Thompson R.A.E.
Published: November 2012

Staff rostering is a key factor in nursing management with potential to bring life to, or to paralyse the system. This places immense responsibility on those in charge of rostering, and an all but intolerable load if the task is incumbent upon any one person. Nurse administrators (managers) who have handled such a task, are to be congratulated on the order they have created out of potential ‘chaos’. It would seem, however, that the time is surely ripe for regular appraisals of the situation with a resultant increased participation in the policy and decision-making process.
Die Voedingstand van die Suid-Afrikaanse Bevolking
Authors: Kotzé J.P.
Published: November 2012

During the period 1970 to 1975 the world population grew at an average annual rate of 1,98%. At presentthe estimated world population is 4,2 milliard (4,2 x 109). Food production has the formidable task of feeding85 million extra mouths per year.A recent United Nations document stated that during 1974 already about 500 million people suffered fromsome form of malnutrition. Of these about 100 million children under the age of 5 years were malnourished.According to the Gomez classification, which is accepted by the World Health Organization, first degreeprotein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) is present in children who have body weights between 75 and 90% of theexpected weight for age and sex. Children with body weights between 60 and 75% of the expected weight forage and sex suffer from second degree PEM (moderate). Third degree PEM (severely malnourished) is foundin children who reached 60% or less of the expected body weight for age and sex or suffer from oedema.Data are presented for the incidence of malnutrition in Africa and other parts of the world.South Africa and its newly independent territories have a total population of 27,2 million for whom 122,111million hectares of land is available. A hundred million hectares can be used for agricultural purposes andonly 15% of this land is arable.South African food production managed to remain comfortably ahead of population growth over the pastfew decades. At present at least 25 210 kilojoules/capita/day and 146,9g protein/capita/day are available forevery citizen. Despite such an enviable food position we have a considerable problem of malnutrition in SouthAfrica. Firstly, obesity is endangering the health of a fair portion of all ethnic groups. Secondly PEM andvitamin deficiency diseases are frequently diagnosed in the lower socio-economic groups. During 1976 286district surgeons reported 48 783 cases of kwashiorkor, 37 855 cases of pellagra and 1 008 cases of beri-beri.Although some of these diagnoses are unreliable, such figures do give a rough estimate of the extent ofmalnutrition in South Africa. These figures indicate that less than 3% of the population under the age of 5years suffer from kwashiorkor, pellagra and beri-beri.The applicability of the Boston standards to other populations is questioned. It is indicated that thesestandards give false high values for PEM amongst obviously obese South African Indians.The compilation of specific sets of standards for the South African population is suggested.
Educational Technology and Resource- Based Learning as Applied to Nursing Education
Authors: Miles I.M.
Published: November 2012

Historically there have been four major revolutions in education. The first took place when education of the young shifted from parent to teachers and schools eg. the Rabbinical schools and Muslim schools in which instructions were previously tribal and religious, and based on oral communication and memory work. Secondly, the written word superseded oral instruction in that it became an aid to memory, and a source of stored information as knowledge expanded.
Psychological Tests in Selection of Students to Schools of Nursing in Israel
Authors: Rotenberg A.
Published: November 2012

Psychological tests as one of the influential and, in some instances, crucial criteria in selecting candidates to schools of nursing, have long been used and during the last 25 years have been discussed in literature.
’n Ondersoek na die Verpleegster as Terapeutiese Instrument by die Versorging van ’n Geestesvertraagde Kind
Authors: Alberts A.W.
Published: November 2012

There is an urgent need for a scientific approach to the nursing of mental defectives. The patient’s full confidence must be won in order to stimulate interest and to obtain co-operation. The nurse sometimes feels frustrated because the patient, particularly at the beginning, seems to show little or no evidence of progress. The purpose of this study is to determine whether concentrated individual nursing attention can bring about results in a mental defective, bearing in mind that the potential of such a person must be investigated and taken into account with the aid of the skill and initiative of the nurse as therapeutic instrument.
Die Verpleegproses
Authors: Van den Berg R.H.
Published: November 2012

The nursing process, which is always dynamic, relates essentially to the needs of the situation to which it must be applied, and for its meaningful implementation it calls for the nurse’s intellectual, interpersonal and technological abilities. It is fundamental to the nursing philosophy which the nurse develops for herself.
Present-Day Key Roles In Nursing Administration
Authors: Bergman R.
Published: November 2012

Present-day nursing administration has many goals, roles and functions. Predominant among the roles are those of: programme planner, manager of material resources, manager of human resources, educator, clinician and researcher. These and other roles relate to clients, colleagues, the agency, the community and the profession. The roles are not discrete, but overlap and intertwine with each other and with the roles of other care providers.
Bedryfsgesondheidverpleegkunde — ‘n Nuwe Uitdaging Aan Opleidingsinstansies
Authors: Human S.P.
Published: November 2012

Research has shown that in South Africa neither the occupational health nurse herself nor management in industry fully appreciate the extent to which she can be utilized if well trained. This article discusses various modifications in occupational health training programmes for nurses in order to ensure greater utilization of these nurses in industry.
Perceptions & expectations of institutionalised elderly people
Authors: Groenewald D.C. , Van Vuuren S.J.E.J.
Published: November 2012

In the proposed policy for the care of the elderly, the emphasis has shifted from institutional care to community based care. However, it cannot simply be accepted that the elderly are ready and willing to be cared for in a different manner. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the perceptions and expectations of institutionalised elderly regarding the old age homes or retirement villages they live in. It would be futile to force community care on the elderly if the necessary services and community involvement in this regard are lacking and particularly if the elderly themselves have a negative perception of this type of care. The successful implementation of the proposed policy at grassroots level thus depends on the resocialisation of the elderly as well as the community.
Perceived causes of relapse among a sample of recovering psychiatric patients at a Mafikeng hospital
Authors: Mwaba K. , Molamu R.B.
Published: November 2012

The aim of the present study was to identify factors that are perceived by recovering psychiatric patients as contributing to their relapse. The participants were a convenient sample of out-patients at a psychiatric hospital in Mafikeng, north west South Africa. The sample consisted of 15 males and 15 females, aged 18 to GO years (mean age = 38.7 years). The research data was collected using a questionnaire and non-structured interview. The results showed that 43 percent of the patients attributed their relapse to inability to adhere to prescribed medical intervention. Patients also attributed relapse to lack of social support (20 percent), grief following the loss of a close family member (20 percent), and lack of employment (17 percent). It is recommended that a more integrated approach aimed at providing effective social support be considered in relapse prevention.
What it means to care
Authors: Wilkinson J.R.
Published: November 2012

In order to practice an ethic of care within the nursing profession, that is, in order to care for those for whom the nurse is responsible, caring for others needs to be distinguished from merely carrying out one’s obligations by following rules. This article by using the method of philosophical analysis argues that caring is an emotion-like state fitting within a general explanation of the emotions as concern based construals and therefore as unified experiences of beliefs, desires and feelings. By clarifying the concept of care, it tries to lay a foundation for inculcating a culture of caring into the practitioners of the caring profession. Since caring involves care-specific beliefs and desires caring requires acquiring the appropriate beliefs and desires which constitute the experience of caring for others.
Beroepsmatheidervaring by psigiatriese verpleegkundiges in ‘n privaat psigiatriese hospitaal
Authors: Erasmus L. , Poggenpoel M. , Gmeiner A.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe aspects which cause and promote burnout amongst psychiatric nurses. Participants were purposively selected and individual focus interviews were recorded on tape. Certain themes were identified during data analysis and based on that the following conclusion were reached: an external locus of control leads to feelings of “stuckness”; high personal standards lead to psychiatric nurses making themselves available in the work environment with subsequent negative effects on themselves; pshychiatric nurses take too much responsibility and become indifferent or overly involved (co-dependent) due to vague boundaries leading to feelings of fatigue, apathy and loss of motivation; lack of support and a need of recognition in the work invironment lead to emotional fatigue; a too heavy workload, staff shortage and an uncertainty ragarding role description in the work environment leads to feelings of fatigue, negativity, “stuckness” , anger and apathy.
The experience of registered nurses nursing in the general audit intensive care unit
Authors: Pope E. , Nel E. , Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

In this article a phenomenological qualitative research study is discussed. More attention will be given to the methodology of the research. The objectives of the study are two-fold: firstly to explore and describe the experience of registered nurses nursing in the adult intensive care unit (this is the first phase of the research) and to describe guidelines based on the information obtained in the first phase to support the nurses in the form of a support programme in the second phase. The units of research are the registered nurses in the intensive care unit. The characteristics of the unit of research led to the emergence of a qualitative phenomenological research design of an explorative, descriptive and contextual nature. In the discussion of research methodology attention will be given to phase one: data gathering (ethical considerations and informed consent; purposive selection, phenomenological interviews and field notes); data analysis (Tesch’s method of data analysis, methods to ensure trustworthiness, organisation of raw data and integration of findings supported by literature. Five themes were identified through the data analysis: impaired communication with management; discrimination: white on black racism; lack of fair, competitive remuneration and disregard for professional worth; non-conducive physical environment, and stressful working environment. Phase two: Guidelines were described to support the registered nurses in the intensive care unit based on the information obtained in phase one of the research.
Griewe in Suid-Afrikaanse hospitale: ‘n Geskiedkundig-verpleegkundige perspektief
Authors: Potgieter S. , Muller M.
Published: November 2012

The nursing service manager is accountable for adequate and efficient personnel management in the nursing service and the management of grievances is an important aspect of the personnel management function. The question arises, however, how and when grievances in nursing services arose and developed? The purpose of this article is to give a historical description of the development and management of grievances in nursing services for the time frame 1652-1990. An historical analysis was undertaken by means of news paper analysis, as well as other written resources. The results show that the development of grievances are related to the development of hospitals in South Africa and that grievances were poorly managed. The following conclusions are made: * grievances in nursing are related to the establishment of hospitals; * the first official grievance was lodged in 1824 by a surgeon; * grievance are mainly related to the working conditions, remuneration and management; * complaints with salaries and food were lodged by nurses as early as 1869; * it appears as if nursing service managers are not adequately skilled in the management of grievances experienced by nursing staff - the same mistakes are made leading to strike action by nurses/midwives; * unhappiness with the inappropriate manner in which grievances are managed lead to industrial action by nursing staff since 1889. Continuous empowerment of nursing services managers in the management of grievances is important and therefore the development of a model for grievance management in nursing services is also recommended.
A feasibility study of part time day and evening classes in the nursing science department of the University of Zululand
Authors: Nzimakwe D.
Published: November 2012

The study determines the practising professional nurses including those in the nursing colleges who would enrol if part time studies were introduced at the University of Zululand in 1991. Questionnaires were sent to various institutions in KwaZulu-Natal. Four hundred and fourty eight (448) nurses responded positively to the questionnaire which was an indication that if such studies were introduced many nurses would enrol. The study reveals the enthusiasm and action taken by a nurse who is working and attending classes part time.
Contribution of unit managers to the training of student nurses in the Cape Peninsula
Authors: Troskie R. , Guwa S.N. , Booyens S.W.
Published: November 2012

The article is based on research conducted over the period 1993 to 1996 in the Cape Peninsula. The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of unit managers towards the training of student nurses coming to their units for clinical practice. The sample consisted of student nurses training in the four nursing colleges in the Cape Peninsula, and the unit managers working in the health services accommodating students for clinical practice in the same area. The findings revealed that the majority of unit managers were teaching students whenever they had the opportunity. Generally unit managers were prepared for their teaching function, but many students were not satisfied with some clinical learning opportunities presented to them, for example drawing up patient care plans, discussing patients’ treatment plans when handing over report, giving assistance regarding care decisions and lending support when students are confronted with patient care problems. There appears to be a need to educate unit managers regarding these and other aspects of the students’ training programme.
The cost-effectiveness of managed care regarding chronic medicine prescriptions in a selected medical scheme
Authors: Day K. , Booyens S.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of the study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of managed care interventions with respect to prescriptions for chronic illness sufferers enrolled with a specific medical scheme. The illnesses included, were epilepsy, hypertension, diabetes and asthma. The managed care interventions applied were a primary discount; the use of preferred provider pharmacies, and drug utilization review. It was concluded that the managed care interventions resulted in some real cost savings.
Evaluering van die kwaliteit van verpleegsorg in enkele tehuise vir bejaardes in die Oranje-Vrystaat
Authors: Du Rand PP
Published: November 2012

‘n Ondersoek is onderneem om die kwaliteit van verpleegsorg in enkele tehuise van bejaardes in die Oranje- Vrystaat te evalueer. Tien tehuise is besoek en 45 bejaardes is geobserveer. Data is met behulp van ‘n gestandaardiseerde instrument versamel. Daar is bevind dat noodsaaklike fiesieke behoeftes soos higiëne en voeding die nodige aandag geniet het. Aspekte soos stimulasie, sosialisering, realiteitsoriëntasie, gewoonte-opleidingsprogramme en oefening het egter nie voldoende aandag ontvang nie. Op grond hiervan blyk dit dat daar ‘n benadering van bewaarsorg gevolg word in tehuise vir verswakte bejaardes.
Perceptions of overweight African women about acceptable body size of women and children
Authors: Mvo Z
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Malnutrition, presenting as obesity in women and under-nutrition in children, is a prevalent problem in the squatter communities of Cape Town. Food habits are determined by a complex matrix of economic, social and cultural factors which need to be understood by health professionals prior to the implementation of strategies to improve the nutritional status of this community. This qualitative study is designed to explore the perceptions of overweight black women in Cape Town, with underweight infants, about the culturally acceptable body size for women and children.
The use of a rating instrument to teach and assess communication skills of health-care workers in a clinic in the Western Cape
Authors: Steyn M
Published: November 2012

Research in health communication shows communication to be an important aspect of successful health-care. Moreover, training courses which provide feedback have been shown to improve health professionals’ ability to conduct successful interviews. This article describes a rating instrument which was developed in order to facilitate teaching and assessing the communication aspects of health-care interviews. The instrument was found to be useful in a training programme offered to nursing staff of a TB Clinic in Mitchells Plain, Western Cape. The instrument appears as Table 1. In the Table categories of communication behaviours, each indicating an important aspect of the interaction, are given as the six headings.
Listening to Women: Focus group discussions of what women want from postnatal care
Authors: Butchart WA
Published: November 2012

Postpartum care is an essential part of the experience of childbirth and parenthood. This study explores what women want from postnatal care. Three focus groups, using a semi-structured format, were conducted. A total of 12 mothers, up to six weeks postpartum, participated in the study, which was conducted in two clinics in the Western Cape Metropole. Data was transcribed from taped sessions and analysed using Burnard’s (1991) model of “thematic content analysis” . Seven major categories were identified: Information, Support, Organisation of services, Attitudes of the health team, Contact with other mothers, Practical assistance and Other services. Listening to women is an essential element in the provision of flexible and responsive postnatal care that meets the felt needs of women and families.
Relationship between the Whole Brain Creativity Model and Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model
Authors: Potgieter E
Published: November 2012

The aim of this article is to illustrate the relation between the cognitive styles in Kolb’s experiential learning model and dominance in brain functioning. A descriptive analytical study of the literature on creativity and the development of creative thinking, explored various theories and definitions of creativity, and the nature of creative learning. Congruences between cognitive styles and the four quadrants of the Whole Brain Model were detected. This article focuses specifically on Kolb’s cognitive styles in relation to the Whole Brain Model and the implications thereof for nursing education.