bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Dijkstra Based Algorithm for Optimal Splitter Location in Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
Authors: Sualla Robert , Ezeofor Chukwunazo J.
Published: December 2024

Passive Optical Local Area Networks (POLANs) are integral to modern broadband communication systems, offering high bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Designing an efficient POLAN requires careful consideration of splitter placement to minimize network costs. This paper presents an algorithmic approach using Dijkstra's algorithm and the Google Maps API to optimize splitter locations in a POLAN. By treating Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) as nodes in a graph and calculating walking distances between them, the algorithm identifies potential splitter locations that minimize fiber length. Using the Dijkstra's algorithm, the total fiber length used to connect every optical network unit is approximately 274km. Finally, a simulation of the full PON network was carried out and the BER and Q-Factor for each ONU was gotten. An average BER value of 1.8e-11 and Q-Factor value of 13.3 was gotten.
Systematic Review of the Literature on the Psychosocial Impacts of Ebola Virus Disease on West Africans Who Survived the Epidemic
Authors: Mandoh Sulaiman L , Bwititi Phillip T , Nwose Ezekiel U
Published: December 2024

This scoping review examines the psychosocial impacts of the 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic on West African populations, focusing on trauma, social support, and coping mechanisms. Using systematic database searches across multiple databases and appraisals with the McMaster tool. 24 studies were included. The findings indicate that EVD survivors experienced significant psychosocial distress with limited access to government support and mixed coping strategies. This review highlights critical gaps in mental health resources for epidemic survivors and calls for further research to inform support strategies in future health crises. West Africans psychosocially impacted from the EVD trauma lacked government support. Coping strategies appear to be mixed but the paucity of literature that addressed this phenomenon of interest raises concern and calls for further studies.
Realtime Multilingual Sign Language Translation App
Authors: Tripathi Mr. Kamlesh , Kumar Dr. Vikas , Patil Kalpesh
Published: December 2024

In a globalized world, effective communication is a necessity. As we live in rapidly changing world,
communication enables individuals to adapt to new circumstances, innovate, and seize opportunities. It an
important aspect which focuses on building relationships facilitates the exchange of ideas, thoughts, feedback,
and feelings with others. Thus, hearing people breakdown and smash those barriers encountered by the Deaf and
Hard of Hearing communities. The main barrier is communication. Sign language is just like any other language
used for communication purpose. Addressing this challenge, the development of a Multilingual Sign Language
App is proposed. This app aims to bridge the communication gap by offering a comprehensive platform for
learning and using sign languages from around the world and is designed to be a versatile and inclusive tool that
caters to the unique linguistic and cultural aspects of different sign languages. The app includes features such as
sign language dictionaries with video demonstrations, interactive learning modules, translation tools,
customizable learning experiences, and a vibrant user community. Users can access content in various sign
languages. The app promotes not only language acquisition but also cultural understanding. By addressing linguistic diversity and cultural nuances, this app stands as a vital resource for both Deaf and hearing communities, fostering a more inclusive and understanding world
The Influence Of Social Media Influencers On Purchase Intention With Brand Image As A Mediator (Case Study Of Ajaib Fintech)
Authors: Sirajuddin Syukur , Pradana Mahir , Rubiyanti Nurafni
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh social media influencer terhadap purchase intention
dengan brand image sebagai mediator pada aplikasi fintech Ajaib. Using metode survey methods and
analisisdata analysis with teknikPartial Least Squares (PLS) techniques, this study ini found that the presence
of social media influencers, such as Iqbaal Ramadhan, berdampak signifikan has a significant impact on brand
image, which in turn affects minat the buying interest of users. Data shows that improving citra brand image
through kampanye promotional campaigns involving influencers can increase minat beli consumer buying
interest digital investment services offered by Magik. These results support the theory of Kotler et al. (2009)
which states that buying interest is influenced by promotion and citra brand image. In addition, this study
inialso underlines the importance literasi of financial literacy in increasing partisipasi investment participation
among generasi young Indonesians who are increasingly melek technology literate. With pertumbuhanthe rapid
growth ofthe digital economy pesatin Indonesia, these findings ini provide wawasan important insights for pemasaranfintech marketing strategies in harnessing the influence of social media influencers to strengthen brand image andn attract lebih more users
The Indispensable Role Of Bengali Intellectuals In The Liberation War: Silenced But Not Subdued
Authors: Hossain Md. Biplob , Kader Md. Abdul , Baktiar Ektiar Uddin Mahmud
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the crucial role Bengali intellectuals played in Bangladesh’s Liberation War. The research
is brought to light by focusing on a study of intellectuals and martyred intellectuals. Through a meticulous
analysis of historical accounts and personal anecdotes and narratives, the paper illustrates how intellectuals
used their intelligence, thoughtfulness, compassion, and influence to advance the cause of liberation, despite
facing suppression and targeted violence from the Pakistani ruling class. Their journey of not being subdued
epitomizes the commitment of intellectuals to education and social justice. Some were tragically martyred,
serving as profound reflections of the sacrifices committed in the fight for freedom. Despite endeavors to silence
them, martyred intellectuals continued to inspire future generations by embodying a steadfast spirit of resistance
and perseverance in the face of injustice. The research was conducted as a literature review using the historical
research method. This paper sheds light on the enduring legacy of Bengali intellectuals and their invaluable contribution to the liberation movement, reaffirming their role as the guiding lights of society
Percepções Sobre A Exigência Das Custas Iniciais Às Empresas Em Crise
Authors: Souza Ithala Oliveira , Durão Pedro
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo se propôs a analisar as repercussões jurídicas, nos campos legais, processuais e
principiológicos, sobre a imposição do recolhimento das custas processuais iniciais às empresas em situação de
crise que requerem o suporte jurisdicional para o seu soerguimento funcional e econômico. O desenvolvimento
do trabalho deságua sobre o princípio constitucional do acesso à justiça e os princípios específicos do
microssistema falimentar, em especial a preservação da atividade econômica e a função social da empresa. A
discussão permeia uma colisão de interesses público e privado proveniente da imposição em recolher um crédito
de natureza tributária em detrimento da concessão da recuperação judicial daquele que preenche os requisitos
legais e reclama o suporte judiciário. O desenvolvimento também recai sobre a presunção de irrecuperabilidade
daquele que pleiteia a recuperação judicial enquanto postula pela concessão dos benefícios da justiça gratuita,
ao tempo que questiona a legitimidade em exigir a antecipação das custas processuais frente a uma ordem de
crédito legal preestabelecida pela qual, por força do Código Tributário Nacional, os créditos tributários não se
submetem. Ao final, aventa-se medidas subsidiárias que resguardem as premissas recuperacionais e a exigência
das custas processuais. Para o fim proposto, adotou-se uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, explicativa e descritiva, conduzida por métodos de abordagem analítico e dedutivo, e eleição de fontes bibliográficas e documentais, como alicerces fundamentais à construção do artigo.
O Desenvolvimento Sustentável E A Floresta Amazônica
Authors: Leitão Lucas Cunha Dos Santos , Breves Ricardo De Almeida , Lima Orlem Pinheiro De , Diniz Paulo César , Maduro Márcia Ribeiro , Filho Wlademir Leite Correia
Published: December 2024

O desenvolvimento sustentável é essencial para garantir a preservação ambiental e o bem-estar das futuras
gerações, especialmente na Floresta Amazônica, um bioma crucial para a regulação climática global e a
biodiversidade. Este estudo qualitativo e bibliográfico explora os desafios e oportunidades na região, com ênfase
na bioeconomia como estratégia para aliar conservação ambiental ao crescimento econômico. A pesquisa
identifica os impactos negativos da exploração predatória e as limitações das políticas públicas brasileiras,
propondo mudanças na mentalidade coletiva e no planejamento estratégico para mitigar os danos ambientais.
Destaca-se a relevância de práticas sustentáveis como alternativa para frear a degradação do ecossistema,
promovendo a valorização dos saberes tradicionais, o fortalecimento da economia regional e a cooperação
internacional. Conclui-se que um equilíbrio entre crescimento econômico e sustentabilidade requer esforços integrados entre governos, empresas e comunidades para preservar a Amazônia e assegurar um futuro mais verde
Randomised Double Blind Comparative Study Of Dexmedetomidine And Tramadol For Control Of PostSpinal Anesthesia Shivering
Authors: Kumar Dr Manish , Fatima Dr Homa , Singh Dr Rakesh Kumar , Samina Dr. Malika
Published: December 2024

Background: Regional anaesthesia is widely used and safe anaesthetic technique. It leads to Intra/ post-operative
shivering. There are various methods available to control. Tramadol is one of the most widely used to control
shivering, however it is also associated with nausea and vomiting. Dexmedetomidine, a congener of clonidine is
an α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, commonly used for sedation, also known to have antishivering potential. Its use as
an agent to treat and control post-spinal anesthesia shivering has been inadequately studied. Therefore, there is
a search for the efficient drug that lacking of adverse effects. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy
of dexmedetomidine and tramadol in the treatment of post spinal anesthesia (SA) shivering as well as to compare
their side effect profile.,
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized, and double-blind study was conducted in 80 ASA Grade I
and II patients of either gender, aged between 18 and 65 years, undergoing various surgical procedure under
spinal-anesthesia and developing shivering. The patients were randomized into two groups of n = 40 each to
receive either dexmedetomidine - 0.5 µg/kg (Group D) or tramadol - 0.5 mg/kg (Group T) as an intravenous
infusion on appearance of shivering. The time of onset, grade of shivering, time taken for cessation of shivering,
response rate, and adverse effect were observed at scheduled intervals. SPSS-20 was used for statistical analysis,
unpaired t-test for numerical data and chi-square test for categorical data.
Results: The time of onset of shivering in our study was higher in T group being 73 minutes as compared to D
group being 72.4 minutes. The time taken for cessation of shivering was statistically significantly lower in D
group being 178 seconds as compared to 275 seconds in T group in our study. 5% of the patients in the
Dexmedetomidine group had nausea and vomiting while 15% patients had nausea or vomiting in the Tramadol
group and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine provides good outcomes as compared to tramadol with less associated effects.
Tramadol (0.5 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.5μg/kg) both work well to treat post-spinal anesthetic shivering, although dexmedetomidine took less time to completely stop the shivering than tramadol. Furthermore, less side effects including nausea and vomiting are brought on by dexmedetomidine
A Comparative Study Of Intrathecal 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine And Intrathecal 0.75% Hyperbaric Ropivacaine In Lower Abdominal Surgeries.
Authors: Fatima Dr. Homa , Kumar Dr. Manish , Jha Dr. Ashutosh , Imam Dr. Md. Arshad
Published: December 2024

Background: Spinal anaesthesia has been widely used since its introduction in 1898 due to its safety and
advantages over general anaesthesia. However, traditional agents like bupivacaine have some disadvantages,
including cardiovascular effects and longer duration of action. Ropivacaine has emerged as a potential
alternative with reduced cardiovascular toxicity. The study was aimed to compare the efficacy and suitability of
0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower limb and
endoscopic urological surgeries, evaluating onset, quality, duration of block, and incidence of complications.
Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized trial was conducted with 130 patients (65 per group) aged
16-60 years, ASA grades 1 & 2. Group B received 3.0 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, while Group R received
3.0 ml of 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine. Onset of anaesthesia, quality of block, duration, hemodynamic
parameters, and complications were assessed.
Results: Ropivacaine showed faster sensory and motor recovery, better hemodynamic stability, and fewer side
effects compared to bupivacaine. The onset of sensory block was slightly faster with bupivacaine (2.17 vs 2.54
minutes), but ropivacaine had a shorter duration of sensory (114.7 vs 158 minutes) and motor block (112 vs 130
minutes). Ropivacaine group experienced less hypotension (4.6% vs 7.7%) and no bradycardia or vomiting
compared to the bupivacaine group.
Conclusion: Hyperbaric ropivacaine 0.75% was found to be a comparable and safer alternative to hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% for patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, offering faster recovery and better hemodynamic stability
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Of The Breast: Local Treatment And Sentinel Lodge: About A Case
Authors: Bakunda Christian , Alami Yacir El , Nsengiyumva Prosper , Buyoya Jean Lambert , Ntama Dauphin , Hachi Hafid
Published: December 2024

Adenoid cystic carcinoma [ACK] is a rare tumor representing less than 1% of breast cancers and mainly
affecting postmenopausal women. Its clinical, radiological and histological presentations are confused with
other benign and malignant breast cancers. It has a good prognosis despite its triple negative profile and can
be controlled by local surgical treatment and radiotherapy with a minimal risk of local recurrence and axillary
or distant lymph node metastases. We report a case of localized adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast without lymph node or distant metastases, treated by a wide tumorectomy with sentinel lymph node technique, the management of which was supplemented by local irradiation
Comparative Study Of Fentanyl Versus Tramadol As Adjuvant With Low Dose Local Anaesthetic Ropivacaine (0.1%) For Epidural Labour Analgesia
Authors: Satyam Dr , Ekramuddin Dr , Jha Dr Ashutosh , Imam Dr Arshad
Published: December 2024

Background: Epidural nerve block is widely used for labor analgesia because of its effective pain relief, reduced
maternal stress response, improved parturient satisfaction, and potential ability to provide anesthesia. The
quality of analgesiais improved with the combined use of a local anesthetic and an opioid when combined with
the use of either agent alone. An example of avcombination epidural therapy that provides excellent sensory block
with relatively little motor block includes a co-administration of ropivacaine and fentanyl or tramadol.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Katihar Medical
College & Hospital, Katihar, Bihar, study was done for 1 Year, 100 individuals were enrolled, Group F (Fentanyl
Group) with 50 patients received Ropivacaine and Fentanyl and Group T (Tramadol Group) with 50 patients
received a Ropivacaine and Tramadol. Every variable was subjected to statistical analysis within the same
individual and between 2 treatment categories using a suitable biostatistical methodology.
Results: In the present study, mean age in group F (ropivacaine with fentanyl) was 23.54±2.5, mean age in group
T
(ropivacaine with tramadol) was 23.86±2.17, and weight in group F was 56.78±2.75 and group T was
56.68±2.58.
Duration of labour in group F was 3.39±1.01 hrs and in group T was 3.42±0.70 hrs. There was no significant
difference between the two groups at any time points for mean VAS score. There was no significant difference in
the mean heart rate and arterial blood pressure among both the groups statistically (p>0.05). More side effects
were seen in group F.
Conclusions: Both fentanyl and tramadol in combination with ropivacaine provide similar analgesia with
minimal
motor block. Both have no adverse effects on cardiotocographic parameters. However side effects were relatively more common in fentanyl group. Thus tramadol is a safer alternative to fentanyl as an adjunct to epidural labour analgesia.
Automação Dos Processos Da Gerência de Controle De Pesca (IPAAM): Uma Proposta De Modelo Utilizando A Ferramenta VBA No Microsoft Excel
Authors: Cruz Benjamin Clark Roque , Souza Andréa Lanza Cordeiro De , Santiago José Renato Sátiro , Texeira Elton Pereira , Lira Gilson De Lima
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de automação dos processos administrativos da Gerência de Controle de
Pesca (GECP) do Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM) utilizando a ferramenta VBA (Visual
Basic for Applications) no Microsoft Excel. O objetivo é apresentar a definição de automação o contexto da
gestão arquivística e a ferramenta VBA da Microsoft destacando as características da interface interativa do
VBA para automação de tarefas no Excel, descrever os processos atuais e identificar os desafios na gestão manual
dos dados. A metodologia é caracterizada por uma pesquisa de natureza basica utilizando-se do método
quantitativo, quantos aos fins descritivo por inclui a análise dos processos manuais ao in locos, quanto aos meios
bibliográfico e documental por demonstração da interface através do VBA, e os registros da orientação repassada
do setor administrativo do órgão. Os resultados indicam uma redução significativa no tempo de processamento
das tarefas e na incidência de erros, além de melhorias na estruturação e acessibilidade dos dados. A automação
também contribuiu para a satisfação dos funcionários, ao eliminar tarefas repetitivas e permitir o foco em atividades mais estratégicas. As considerações finais sugerem a viabilidade da aplicação deste modelo em outras áreas administrativas do IPAAM
Exploration and practice of teaching reform of automotive mechanical system course based on information technology
Authors: Zhang Qing-Ming , Wan Chao-Yi , Wu Fan , Chen Si-Dan , Liu Yu-Peng
Published: December 2024

The course of automotive mechanical system is the cornerstone course of automotive related majors, it plays an
important role in cultivating students' professional quality.However, in the face of the rapid development of the
automobile industry and the continuous renewal of educational ideas, the traditional teaching mode in this course
has exposed many problems and can no longer meet the needs of students' learning and teaching. This article uses
modern information technology to establish a knowledge map teaching resource for the course, introduces
advanced intelligent technology to assist personalized learning for students, combines online teaching tools for
knowledge reconstruction and meets the needs of students' independent learning. By implementing these reform
measures, the aim is to improve the quality of course teaching and cultivate high-quality talents with innovative spirit, practical ability and solid professional knowledge for the automotive industry
Enhance Staff Nurses' Proficiency And Knowledge In Wound Assessment And Management Using The NERDS & Stones Technique
Authors: Shawer Mona , CPHQ Howida Alarnaoaat , Abdullah Sarah
Published: December 2024

Aim: This study aims to enhance the knowledge and proficiency of staff nurses in wound assessment and
management using the NERDS & STONES technique through targeted educational interventions and hands-on
training.
Methods: A quasi-experimental, one-group pre-and post-test design was used. A total of 89 registered nurses
from one hospital in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The intervention consisted of lectures, hands-on
workshops, and case study discussions. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected using the Wound Care
Knowledge Assessment Tool, which measured nurses' knowledge of wound assessment and infection
identification. Paired-sample t-tests were conducted to compare pre-and post-intervention scores.
Results: The results showed a significant improvement in nurses' wound care knowledge after the educational
intervention using the NERDS & STONES technique. The pre-intervention mean score was 4.44 (SD = 1.74),
which increased to 5.98 (SD = 2.13) post-intervention, with a mean difference of -1.54 (SD = 3.12). A paired ttest revealed a statistically significant increase in knowledge (t = -4.66, p < 0.001). The effect size, as measured
by Cohen’s d, was 0.494, indicating a medium effect of the intervention.
Conclusion: The educational intervention using the NERDS & STONES technique significantly improved nurses'
wound care knowledge, demonstrating the effectiveness of targeted training. These findings highlight the importance of structured educational programs in enhancing clinical skills and promoting better patient care outcomes.
Conventional Vehicles, Electric Vehicles, and Hybrid Vehicles; A Comparative Study
Authors: Mohamad Gamal Moustafa Hussien , Alfuraih Mazen
Published: December 2024

A significant number of comparative analyses have been conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of
three distinct types of vehicles: conventional vehicles that utilize internal combustion engines, battery-powered
electric vehicles, and hybrid vehicles that incorporate both battery power and internal combustion engines. The
parameters selected for examination play a crucial role in defining the main aspects of the study as well as the
criteria for comparison. The research distills essential insights into the characteristics of conventional, electric,
and hybrid vehicles based on the comprehensive evaluations carried out. This article employs comparative methodologies and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques to analyze these vehicle types. Furthermore, additional considerations and interpretations have emerged from the investigations performed.
Computational design and optimization of novel d‐peptide TNFα inhibitors
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Changsheng , Guo Annan , Wang Yanyan , You Hantian , Zhang Xiaoling , Lai Luhua
Published: May 2019

Compared to small molecule drugs, peptide therapeutics provides greater efficacy, selectivity, and safety. The intrinsic disadvantages of peptides are their sensitivity to proteases. To overcome this, we have developed a general computational strategy for de novo design of protein binding helical d‐peptides. A d‐helical fragment library was established and used in generating flexible d‐helical conformations, which were then used to generate suitable sequences with the required structural and binding properties. Using this strategy, we successfully de novo designed d‐helical peptides that bind to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), inhibit TNFα‐TNFR1 binding, reduce TNFα activity in cellular assays, and are stable against protease digestion. Our strategy of helical d‐peptide design is generally applicable for discovering d‐peptide modulators against protein–protein interactions.
Uniform Na+ Doping‐Induced Defects in Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Cathodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: He Wei , Liu Pengfei , Qu Baihua , Zheng Zhiming , Zheng Hongfei , Deng Pan , Li Pei , Li Shengyang , Huang Hui , Wang Laisen , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: May 2019

The corrosion of Li‐ and Mn‐rich (LMR) electrode materials occurring at the solid–liquid interface will lead to extra electrolyte consumption and transition metal ions dissolution, causing rapid voltage decay, capacity fading, and detrimental structure transformation. Herein, a novel strategy is introduced to suppress this corrosion by designing an Na+‐doped LMR (Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2) with abundant stacking faults, using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant to ensure the uniform distribution of Na+ in deep grain lattices—not just surface‐gathering or partially coated. The defective structure and deep distribution of Na+ are verified by Raman spectrum and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy of the as‐prepared electrodes before and after 200 cycles. As a result, the modified LMR material shows a high reversible discharge specific capacity of 221.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5C rate (1C = 200 mA g−1) after 200 cycles, and the capacity retention is as high as 93.1% which is better than that of pristine‐LMR (64.8%). This design of Na+ is uniformly doped and the resultanting induced defective structure provides an effective strategy to enhance electrochemical performance which should be extended to prepare other advanced cathodes for high performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Feedback control design using model predictive control formulation and Carleman approximation method
Authors: Hashemian Negar , Armaou Antonios
Published: May 2019

Model predictive control (MPC) for nonlinear systems involves a nonlinear dynamic optimization (NDO) step, which is required to be solved repeatedly. This step is computationally demanding, specially in dealing with constrained and/or nonlinear large‐scale systems. This paper presents a method for accelerating the NDO in state‐feedback regulation problems. Exploiting Carleman approximation, this method represents the nonlinear dynamics in a bilinear form and discretizes the resulting system in the time domain. The gradient and Hessian of the cost function with respect to the feedback gains are also analytically derived. The Carleman approximation of the nonlinear system may introduce errors in the prediction and sensitivity analysis. The manuscript derives a criterion under which the input‐to‐state stability of the new design is guaranteed. The proposed MPC is implemented in a chemical reactor example. Simulation results show that replacing conventional MPC schemes by the presented method reduces the computation time by an order of magnitude.
Flame retardant polyester by combination of organophosphorus compounds and an NOR radical forming agent
Authors: Goedderz Daniela , Weber Lais , Markert Daniel , Schießer Alexander , Fasel Claudia , Riedel Ralf , Altstädt Volker , Bethke Christian , Fuhr Olaf , Puchtler Florian , Breu Josef , Döring Manfred
Published: May 2019

Polymer materials with different surface‐to‐volume ratios require different mechanisms of flame retardants regarding condensed phase and gas phase activity. The flame retardant formulations in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are investigated regarding a condensed phase and gas phase activity by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TG‐mass spectrometry (MS), TG‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UL94, cone calorimeter and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer measurements. The flame retardant formulations containing phosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates as flame retardants are analyzed by using a simultaneous analysis consisting of a differential thermal analysis‐TGA device which is in situ coupled to FTIR and MS. All analysis methods show a gas phase activity for the phosphonate (PCO 910), a condensed phase activity for the phosphate (3,9‐bis(phenoxy)‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphosphaspiro‐5,5‐undecane‐3,9‐dioxide, (SPDPP) and a mixed condensed and gas phase activity for the new synthesized phosphate and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene 10‐oxide containing flame retardant 3,9‐bis(phenoxy)‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphosphaspiro‐5,5‐undecane‐3,9‐dioxide (SPDPDOM). The fire behavior of PCO 910 can be improved by adding O,O'‐Terephthaloyl‐bis‐N,N'‐naphthalimide ester as NOR radical‐forming agent (NOR‐RF) reaching a total amount of 3 wt % of both active agents for a UL94 V‐0 classification in PET. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47876.
Development of antimicrobial polyacrylonitrile microspheres for water disinfection
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Chattopadhyay Sruti , Jain Swati , Singh Harpal
Published: May 2019

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based antimicrobial polymeric microspheres were synthesized and characterized in the present study. In first approach, hydrolysis of PAN microsphere was performed in alkaline medium to generate carboxylic groups, followed by iodination to obtain iodine incorporated hydrolyzed polymeric microspheres. In second approach, pendant nitrile groups of the PAN microspheres were reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to generate amino functionality. Incorporation of antimicrobial agent was achieved by reacting glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride onto the amine‐terminated microspheres. Polymeric samples obtained by both approaches were characterized by analytical, morphological, and spectral techniques. Hydrolyzed microspheres showed higher aqueous swelling capacity, absorbing almost 2000% water in 10–12 days. Both iodinated hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (I2HPAN) and quaternized polyacrylonitrile (QPAN) microspheres showed prominent zone of inhibition against both gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Concentration and time‐dependent bacterial mitigation was observed when different amounts of both I2HPAN and QPAN microspheres were mixed with bacterial solution. I2HPAN established higher killing efficacy than QPAN. PAN‐based antimicrobial microspheres have strong potential to be used as broad spectrum antimicrobial matrices insoluble for water disinfection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47968.
Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of carbon‐reinforced polyetherketoneketone composites
Authors: Coulson Mike , Dantras Eric , Olivier Philippe , Gleizes Nathalie , Lacabanne Colette
Published: May 2019

Heat transfer properties play an important role in processing of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)/carbon fiber (CF) composites. Accordingly, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of PEKK, PEKK/glassy carbon (GC), and PEKK/CF composites have been studied. Observed increase in conductivity and diffusivity with carbon filler addition was analyzed using the Maxwell–Eucken model. PEKK/GC composites with low carbon fraction indicated good fitting experimental points of the model, indicating good dispersion of particles. For PEKK/CF composites, the thermal conductivity and diffusivity increase is a reflection of a decrease in porosity. Results as observed from the model points to a homogenous dispersion within the PEKK/CF composites as well. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47975.
Preparation and characterization of starch‐based composite films reinforced by apricot and walnut shells
Authors: Ali Amjad , Ali Sartaj , Yu Long , Liu Hongsheng , Khalid Saud , Hussain Azhar , Qayum Mir Muhmmad Nasir , Ying Chen
Published: May 2019

Starch‐based biodegradable films were prepared by using solution‐casting method and reinforced by agricultural residues [apricot and walnut shell (APS and WNS) powder]. The powder of both shells was added in different ratios (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) to investigate the microstructures and performances (mechanical and thermal properties) of the starch‐based film. Different techniques such as impact, tensile testing, scanning electron microscope, optical microscope (OM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and dynamic mechanical analysis were applied to study the thermomechanical and barrier properties of the composite films. Results showed that the incorporation of both shells significantly improved the WVTR and mechanical properties of starch‐based films. The shells powder was significantly increased the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the starch‐based films. Both OM and SEM results showed reasonably good compatibility between starch and reinforced shells. OM and XRD indicated that the APS and WNS not only retained their crystalline structure in the film but they also strengthened the peak intensity of the film. This phenomenon can be used to explain the mechanism of mechanical reinforcement. Since all the components used in the preparation of the films are food grade ingredients, it is expected that the films developed in this work will be used for food packaging applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47978.
Effects of polyamide 6 reinforcement on the compatibility of high‐density polyethylene/environmental‐friendly modified wood fiber composites
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Zheng Zhifeng , Du Guanben , Zhang Yulu , Wang Zhihui , Zhong Tuhua , Xie Linkun , Wang Siqun
Published: May 2019

In order to develop excellent comprehensive mechanical strength and stability in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood fiber (WF) composites, polyamide 6 (PA 6), and WF modified by environmental‐friendly high temperature vapor (WF‐HTV) were utilized to reinforce the compound system. The properties relating to interfacial compatibility in HDPE/WF‐HTV composites were characterized and evaluated by electron universal mechanical instrument, water absorption testing, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results reveal that this novel compounding system can engender a synergistic effect for interfacial interactions among PA 6, HDPE, and WF‐HTV only when the ratio of HDPE to PA 6 is at an optimum level (HDPE:PA 6 = 6:4). The maximum values for flexural strength, modulus, tensile strength, and impact strength can be increased by 82.05, 64.08, 93.47, and 120.45%, respectively, compared with those of HDPE/WF‐HTV composites. Additionally, maximum decomposition temperatures for the first and second thermal degradation stages can be increased by 7.17and 8.99 °C, respectively. Water absorption can be effectively controlled at a relatively low level (approximately 1.50%). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47984.
Rituximab as Maintenance Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multicenter Observational Study of 147 Patients
Authors: Cassia Matthias A. , Alberici Federico , Jones Rachel B. , Smith Rona M. , Casazza Giovanni , Urban Maria L. , Emmi Giacomo , Moroni Gabriella , Sinico Renato A. , Messa Piergiorgio , Hall Frances , Vaglio Augusto , Gallieni Maurizio , Jayne David R.
Published: May 2019

Objective

The efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a subject of debate. This study was undertaken to investigate the outcomes of RTX treatment in a European SLE cohort, with an emphasis on the role of RTX as a maintenance agent.

Methods

All patients with SLE who were receiving RTX as induction therapy in 4 centers were included. Patients who received a single course of RTX and those who received RTX maintenance treatment (RMT) were followed up after treatment. Disease flares during the follow‐up period were defined as an increase in disease activity and the number or dose of immunosuppressive drugs.

Results

Of 147 patients, 27% experienced treatment failure at 6 months. In a multivariate analysis, a low number of previous immunosuppressive therapies (P = 0.034) and low C4 levels (P = 0.008) reduced the risk of treatment failure. Eighty patients received RMT over a median of 24.5 months during which 85 relapses, mainly musculoskeletal, were recorded (1.06 per patient). At the time of the last RTX course, 84% of the patients were in remission. Twenty‐eight (35%) of 80 patients never experienced a flare during RMT and had low damage accrual. Active articular disease at the time of the first RTX administration was associated with a risk of flare during RMT (P = 0.011). After RMT, relapse‐free survival was similar to that in patients receiving a single RTX course (P = 0.72).

Conclusion

RMT is a potential treatment option for patients with difficult‐to‐treat disease. Relapses occur during RMT and are more likely in those with active articular disease at the time of the first RTX administration. Relapse risk after RMT remains high and apparently comparable to that seen after a single RTX course.
Differences in profiles of emotional behavioral problems across instruments in verbal versus minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fok Megan , Bal Vanessa H.
Published: May 2019

There has been increasing attention to the assessment of minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has begun to examine the relationship between verbal abilities and emotional and behavioral problems (EBP). The current study compared parent‐reported EBP in children of differing language levels on two instruments commonly used in ASD research and clinical practice, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). The study consisted of 1,937 6–18 years old children with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection. Children were divided into three language groups, by ADOS module (Module 1 = MV, 2 = phrase speech (PS), and 3 = verbally fluent (VF)) and then compared on CBCL and ABC subscales. The ABC and CBCL showed different patterns of elevations across the language groups. MV children were reported to have more impairment than VF children on the ABC irritability, lethargy, and hyperactivity scales. Children with less language (MV and PS) exhibited less impairment on the CBCL internalizing domain than VF children, but did not differ on the externalizing domain. Post hoc comparisons showed that internalizing differences were driven by fewer children with less language exhibiting clinically elevated anxious/depressed scores compared to VF children. The present study underscores the significance of considering language when assessing EBP. Results have implications for the psychiatric screening of children with ASD, particularly those with language impairments. Researchers should exercise caution when applying EBP instruments designed for use with different populations and purposes to broad samples of children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1367–1375. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Some emotional and behavioral problem (EBP) scales include items that may be inappropriate for children with ASD and limited language. The present study found that there was a tendency for children with language impairment to have lower internalizing scores on the Child Behavior Checklist, but higher scores lethargy and irritability scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, relative to verbally fluent children. This suggests that each of these instruments may underestimate EBPs in certain subsets of children.
Durable response for ampullary and duodenal adenocarcinoma with a nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine ± cisplatin combination
Authors: Cen Putao , Wray Curtis J. , Zhang Songlin , Thosani Nirav C. , Dinh Brian Cuong , Gonzalez Anneliese , Mohlere Virginia , Bynon John Steven
Published: May 2019

Background/Aim

There is no standard salvage chemotherapy for metastatic periampullary adenocarcinoma and duodenal adenocarcinoma and the prognosis of those who fail oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5FU is dismal. We examined nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) as salvage therapy for these two malignancies.

Methods

Patients who failed oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5FU and whose archival tumors stained immunohistochemical (IHC) tumor positive for CK7 or MUC1 received nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine therapy with or without cisplatin.

Results

Three patients, 2 with metastatic ampullary adenocarcinoma and 1 with duodenal adenocarcinoma with positive IHC staining for CK7 or MUC1 who failed 2 lines of chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 5FU received nab‐paclitaxel and gemcitabine with or without cisplatin. All achieved excellent tumor response on CT scans with marked falls in tumor markers CA19‐9 and CEA as well as ≥1 year of progression‐free survival. All 3 have continued to survive 2‐3 years since diagnosed with stage 4 metastatic adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions

Nab‐paclitaxel plus gemcitabine with or without cisplatin should be investigated as a standard‐of‐care chemotherapy regimen for patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma and duodenal adenocarcinoma.
Flowability, wet agglomeration, and pasta processing properties of whole‐durum flour: Effect of direct single‐pass and multiple‐pass reconstituted milling systems
Authors: Deng Lingzhu , Manthey Frank A.
Published: May 2019

Background and objectives

Flowability and wet agglomeration can affect pasta processing properties of whole‐wheat flour (WWF). Direct single‐pass and multi‐pass reconstituted milling are common methods to produce WWF. The flowability, wet agglomeration, and pasta processing properties of WWF were compared under these two systems where direct single‐pass system consisted of fine (24,000 g with 250 μm mill screen aperture) and coarse (15,400 g, 1,000 μm) grinds on an ultra‐centrifugal mill and the multiple‐pass reconstituted milling systems consisted of roller milling to produce semolina and bran and blending reground fine/coarse bran back to durum flour/semolina.

Findings

Particle sizes were similar for direct fine grind WWF and multiple‐pass durum flour:fine bran and for direct coarse grind WWF and multiple‐pass semolina:coarse bran flour. Direct coarse grind and semolina:coarse bran had better flowing properties than direct fine grind and durum flour:fine bran. Wet agglomerates were smaller with coarsely ground semolina/bran than finely ground flour/bran. Specific mechanical energy needed to extrude semolina, durum flour:WWF doughs were similar and not affected by milling system.

Conclusions

Flow and wet agglomeration properties of direct coarse grind and reconstituted WWF of semolina and coarse bran were better than those of finely ground WWF for whole‐wheat pasta production.

Significance and novelty

This research adds to the limited information available concerning the impact of milling process on the flow, agglomeration, and pasta processing properties of WWF. This information is useful to pasta manufacturers when adjusting equipment involved in movement of raw ingredients and in pasta production.
Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration on physicochemical and functional properties of faba bean protein
Authors: Eckert Ewelina , Han Jay , Swallow Kevin , Tian Zhigang , Jarpa‐Parra Marcela , Chen Lingyun
Published: May 2019

Background and objectives

Faba bean proteins isolates did not show sufficient functional properties for food applications due to poor solubility. Enzymatic treatments and ultrafiltration may improve solubility and functional properties of faba bean protein. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of different proteases (pepsin, trypsin, flavourzyme® 500 L, neutrase® 0.8 L), hydrolysis time and ultrafiltration technique on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of faba bean protein.

Findings

The protein solubility increased from 24.4% to 88.8% at pH 7 and 81.0% at pH 5 by pepsin hydrolysis (15 min). Their foaming capacity (FC) increased from 31.2% to 122.2% at pH 5 and 66.7% to 131.2% at pH 7 and the oil holding capacity (OHC) increased from 6.12 to 8.21 g/g by pepsin hydrolysis. Fraction I (Mw > 10 kDa) and II (Mw: 5–10 kDa) obtained after pepsin hydrolysis and ultrafiltration demonstrated further improved foaming and oil holding capacity and much improved emulsifying capacity.

Conclusions

Enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafiltration provided a strategy to significantly improve faba bean protein solubility and functional properties.

Significance and novelty

Faba bean protein hydrolysates and ultrafiltration fractions are good sources of protein with excellent solubility and functionality.
Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma mimicking small cell carcinoma
Authors: Pollock Samara E. , Yousef Michael , Pallavi Ranjita , Pollock Jondavid
Published: May 2019

Key Clinical Message

Neuroendocrine differentiation seen in basal cell carcinomas (BCC) is not generally appreciated by oncologists and can introduce a component of confusion when diagnosing a tumor and developing a management plan. Understanding that BCC commonly have this feature can assist the treating oncologist.
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis with pericardial effusion in Down syndrome: Case report
Authors: Falasco Bianca Francisco , Durante Brenda , Faria Daniel Kanaan , Faria Caroline Silvério , Rosolen Débora Cristina Batista , Antonangelo Leila
Published: May 2019

Pericardial effusion associated with transient abnormal myelopoiesis in Down's syndrome neonates needs to be diagnosed in a timely manner, and the comorbidities must be treated to prevent mortality. To our knowledge, the occurrence of basophilic/eosinophilic pericardial effusion without an increase of these cells in the peripheral blood and with no evidence of associated hypothyroidism is rare.
Coherent Spectroscopy of Multiple Excitons in Colloidal Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Authors: Tahara Hirokazu , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: May 2019

Over three decades of intense research on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have passed, and the multitude of physical effects in QD systems still makes fascinating discoveries even today. In particular, the use of multiple excitons and their coherence is a hot topic to be investigated. We explore the potential of colloidal QDs for next‐generation optoelectronic applications. Here, we summarize our recent studies on the multiple‐exciton harmonic quantum coherence in PbS QDs. The multiple excitonic coherence can be observed with our newly developed system for phase‐locked interference detection of transient absorption signals. We found that multiple excitons exhibit dipole oscillations with integer multiples of the exciton resonance frequency. An important practical feature of this harmonic quantum coherence of multiple excitons is that it assists photoabsorption processes. Therefore, harmonic quantum coherence is a key to realize advanced optoelectronic applications.
A data‐driven support strategy for a sustainable research software repository
Authors: Belgin Mehmet , Perini Tyler A. , Liu Fang (Cherry) , Zhang Nuyun , Sarajlic Semir , McNeill Andre , Manno Paul , Bright Neil C.
Published: May 2019

We describe a sustainable strategy to support a large number of researchers with widely varying scientific software needs, which is a common problem for most centralized Research Computing Centers on university campuses. Changes in systems and hardware, coupled with aging software, often necessitates re‐compilation of existing software. The naive approach of re‐compiling all of the existing packages is not only counterproductive but may also become unrealistic, especially for small support teams such as Georgia Tech's PACE Team. Instead, we analyze job scheduling data to identify actively used software, then rank, and distribute them in three support tiers, which define the level of support we provide. The distribution of software into multiple tiers is a non‐trivial problem. We use a heuristic ranking algorithm that uses four metrics, namely the number of users, groups, jobs, and their collective runtimes. The results revealed a surprisingly small subset of software that is sufficient to support a very large portion of the overall research computing activity on campus. This approach allows us to make data‐driven strategic technical and policy decisions to provide high‐quality support for the software that really matters and sustain these services with a relatively small team in the long term.