bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La medida de la competencia transversal Planificación y Gestión del Tiempo en el Grado en Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones, Sonido e Imagen y Doble Grado con Comunicación Audiovisual
Authors: Canós Darós Lourdes , Santandreu-Mascarell Cristina , Vidal-Melo Anna
Published: November 2020

El diseño de los planes de estudio de Grado y Máster ha supuesto un reto para gestores, profesores y estudiantes en cuanto a la nueva consideración en la evaluación de diversas competencias transversales. En este trabajo nos centramos en la competencia transversal CT12-Planificación y gestión del tiempo, definida para todos los títulos de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Presentamos resultados descriptivos, cuantitativos (calculando un coeficiente fuzzy de adecuación a un ideal) y cualitativos, basados en la percepción de los estudiantes acerca de los ítems que definen la competencia transversal de acuerdo con la norma de la universidad. Los datos han sido recogidos de los estudiantes de primero de Grado en Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones, Sonido e Imagen y Doble Grado de este título con Comunicación Audiovisual, ambos impartidos en el Campus de Gandia de la UPV, en el curso 2018-2019. Así mismo, el cuestionario diseñado para cumplir con nuestro objetivo fue contestado en un segundo momento por todos los estudiantes en el curso 2019-2020 para poder contrastar la evolución de los comportamientos relacionados con la gestión del tiempo en base a su percepción.
Balance de resultados en la asignatura Electrónica y Automática (Grado de Mecánica) con la incorporación de metodologías activas de aprendizaje
Authors: Solanes Juan Ernesto , Gracia Luis
Published: November 2020

Es bien sabido que las modalidades pedagógicas que fomentan que el alumno sea protagonista de su proceso de aprendizaje son más eficaces. Sin embargo, el arraigo hacia la modalidad de clase magistral hace que tanto alumnos como profesores sean muy reacios a cambiar drásticamente a un modelo activo, sobretodo en asignaturas con alto grado teórico y de primeros cursos de grado. Es por ello que este artículo propone combinar la modalidad de clase magistral con metodologías activas de cara a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en alumnos de primeros cursos de grado. El artículo describe con detalle un caso de aplicación en la asignatura de Electrónica y Automática de segundo curso de Grado de Ingeniería Mecánica. Además, se muestra una comparativa de los resultados académicos obtenidos con el mismo profesorado en los cursos 2018/2019, con la modalidad tradicional de clase magistral, y el 2019/2020, con la propuesta de este trabajo. Por último, el artículo expone la opinión que han transmitido los alumnos acerca de su experiencia con la asignatura en el curso 2019/2020.
APP GROW GREEN: un instrumento para la innovación docente en la formación ambiental
Authors: Tudorie Carla Ana-María , Vallés-Planells María , Gielen Eric , Galiana Francisco
Published: November 2020

Hoy en día, resulta imposible enseñar y educar como antaño a una nueva generación de estudiantes que vive conectada a la tecnología. Una visión moderna del aprendizaje requiere la adaptación de estrategias y métodos clásicos de enseñanza. Este estudio propone la introducción de una app móvil lúdica como recurso tecnológico de apoyo al aprendizaje, que fomente la educación y la conciencia ambiental en los estudiantes del campus de Vera de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La APP GROW GREEN es una herramienta innovadora, que tiene el potencial de conseguir objetivos educativos y de sostenibilidad, más allá del mero entretenimiento. Este proyecto de gamificación desea ayudar a los estudiantes a conocer elementos de la biodiversidad local mediante diferentes rutas de flora (árboles y arbustos) y fauna (aves) urbana, experimentar la movilidad sostenible, disfrutar de los beneficios suministrados por elementos de infraestructura verde y descubrir estrategias verdes para la resiliencia urbana. El compromiso ambiental es otro contexto prometedor para la gamificación, facilitando la participación de la comunidad universitaria en censos de aves. La implantación de la APP GROW GREEN fomentará la adquisición de competencias específicas y transversales, que proporcionan un valor añadido a los estudiantes y otorga mayor atractivo al currículo docente.
Análisis de los registros en Moodle para estudiar la actividad desarrollada por estudiantes de Histología Humana y su relación con el rendimiento académico
Authors: Álvarez Vázquez María Pilar , Angulo Carrere María Teresa , Bravo Llatas María Carmen , Cristóbal Barrios Jesús , Álvarez-Méndez Ana María
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos tras la extracción y análisis de los registros almacenados en Moodle correspondientes a la actividad desarrollada por los estudiantes de histología humana en el campus virtual. Mediante el lenguaje de programación R y el programa SPSS se estudió el comportamiento de los alumnos y las posibles diferencias entre estudiantes según su rendimiento académico. Los datos revelan que los estudiantes entran masivamente al campus virtual, con una actividad muy superior a la media de la titulación, y claramente dependiente del calendario académico. Su comportamiento no es homogéneo, observándose diferencias entre los grupos de alumnos según su nota final de teoría. El árbol de decisión obtenido al contrastar el uso efectuado por estudiantes que aprobaron por parciales y los aprobados en el examen final permite establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Nuevas estrategias metodológicas para incentivar el estudio y el trabajo cooperativo en el contexto universitario
Authors: Sempere Francisca
Published: November 2020

Muchos estudiantes que ingresan actualmente en la universidad, carecen de hábitos de estudio. Con el objetivo de incentivar estos, aumentar la motivación y mejorar el aprendizaje de la asignatura se planteó una nueva estrategia metodológica. La investigación se realizó en un grupo de 40 alumnos Se establecieron grupos de cuatro personas de forma aleatoria. Consecutivamente cada grupo eligió una pregunta al azar entre 70 cuestiones formuladas de distinta tipología. Por cada respuesta acertada, el equipo recibió una pieza de un puzle para configurar una figura. Al equipo ganador se le asignó un 0,1 de la nota final de la asignatura. El experimento se realizó tres veces durante el cuatrimestre con diferentes cuestiones. El 95 % de los estudiantes valoraron positivamente la actividad, mostrando un alto grado de motivación y satisfacción en el trabajo en equipo.
Aplicación de la metodología clase inversa en la enseñanza de máquinas eléctricas avanzadas
Authors: Bastida-Molina Paula , Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Montuori Lina , Alcázar-Ortega Manuel
Published: November 2020

La educación universitaria está experimentando un proceso de cambio dinámico, desde un sistema de enseñanza tradicional hacia otro más flexible. En este contexto surge la metodología clase inversa, la cual comprende dos fases: conceptual y colaborativa. En la fase conceptual, desarrollada fuera del aula, el estudiante se prepara para la clase a partir de los recursos que el docente elabora previamente. En la fase colaborativa, el estudiante aplica y refuerza los conocimientos de la fase conceptual de forma cooperativa durante el tiempo de clase. El docente actúa así como orientador de los estudiantes. En este artículo, se analiza la aplicación de la metodología clase inversa a la sesión práctica 1 de la asignatura Ampliación de Máquinas Eléctricas, del Grado en Ingeniería Eléctrica (Universitat Politècnica de València). En ella, los estudiantes deben analizar seis máquinas eléctricas reales explicadas previamente teóricamente. Los resultados del test calificativo muestran el alto rendimiento académico de la sesión con dicha metodología. En concreto, un 75% de los estudiantes aprobó la prueba y un 23% de ellos obtuvo calificaciones de sobresaliente. Además, las respuestas de la encuesta verifican la estrecha relación entre el grado de desarrollo de la fase conceptual y el de aprovechamiento de la sesión.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: una propuesta eficaz para el desarrollo de las competencias en el master de Acuicultura
Authors: Martínez Llorens Silvia , Jauralde García Ignacio , Tomás Vidal Ana , S. Peñaranda David , Jover Cerdá Miguel
Published: November 2020

En el presente trabajo se muestra una experiencia de la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basada en proyectos en la titulación del Master interuniversitario de Acuicultura de la Universitat Politécnica de València. El ABPr se centró en el desarrollo de un proyecto de una piscifactoría, en el cual los alumnos pudieran adquirir una visión en conjunto de las asignaturas impartidas en el máster, fomentando la conexión entre ellas, reforzando, por tanto, el carácter interdisciplinar del proyecto. Para evaluar la metodología se realizó cuestionario cuantitativo y otro cualitativo con el objetivo de conocer las opiniones de los alumnos. Los alumnos han valorado positivamente la metodología, destacando la importancia del proyecto desarrollado para su formación profesional, así como también se valoró sustancialmente que el trabajo desarrollado en grupo cumplió sus expectativas en cuanto a la labor de los docentes. Aunque no se observaron valoraciones negativas de la metodología desarrollada, se deben de mejorar algunos aspectos como la planificación del tiempo y consolidar relaciones de integración o la interacción entre diferentes disciplinas/asignaturas.
Innocampus Explora: Una aproximación multidisciplinar a la problemática ambiental
Authors: Garro Núria , Moros-Gregorio Jose , Quílez-Asensio Alejandro , Jiménez-Romero Daniel , Blas-Medina Ana , Giménez-Escamilla Isaac , Amorós-Hernández Laura , Giner Lola , Crespo Ana , Lledó-Mateo Inés , Fernández-Guirao Elisa , Rodríguez Juan , López-Serrano Ezequiel , Oliver-Belando Adrián , Cuenca-Peris Dídac , Chirivella-Juan Ana , Iorga Antonio , Cervera-Sanz María Luisa , Vila-Descals Carlos , Ibáñez-Puchades Rafael , García-Gil Rafael , García-Robles Inmaculada , Pascual-Calaforra Luis F. , Garrigues-Pelufo Teresa , Pereda-Cervera Javier , Iftimi Adina , Cosme Enric
Published: November 2020

We present the activities of the Innocampus Explora innovation project developed on the Burjassot-Paterna campus of the Universitat de València and whose main objective is to show the interrelation between the different scientific and technical degrees on campus. In this year, the work team made up of students and professors from all the faculties and schools of the Burjassot-Paterna campus, have carried out activities around environmental issues. A cross-sectional and interdisciplinary vision of the problems of the uses of plastic and nuclear energy that link with several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dictated by the United Nations. With the development of this project we contribute to quality transversal training for all participating students.
PROPUESTA DE ACTIVIDADES DE PARTICIPACIÓN ACTIVA PARA EL ACERCAMIENTO DE LA INGENIERÍA CIVIL A ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA
Authors: Fernández-Jiménez Aitor , Álvarez-Álvarez Eduardo , Espina-Valdés Rodolfo , Navarro-Manso Antonio , Fernández-Pacheco Víctor Manuel
Published: November 2020

La realización de actividades aplicando una metodología basada en la participación activa permite una mejor asimilación de conceptos y promueve el trabajo autónomo por parte de los estudiantes. Estas metodologías requieren de más esfuerzo por parte del equipo docente, pero las nuevas habilidades se retienen por mucho más tiempo. Este artículo presenta una actividad práctica para acercar la Ingeniería Civil y el ambiente universitario a los estudiantes de educación secundaria que se encuentra próximos a iniciar su etapa en la educación superior. La actividad se llevó a cabo en un formato de olimpiada de ingeniería y consistió en la realización de dos pruebas diferentes: una relacionada con la hidráulica y otra relacionada con las estructuras y puentes. Al finalizar la actividad, los estudiantes cumplimentaron una encuesta de satisfacción cuyos resultados han sido muy positivos. Estas sugerencias servirán para mejorar algunos aspectos de la prueba en futuras ediciones.
¿Interpretan los alumnos de ingeniería química los gráficos logarítmicos correctamente? Desarrollo de una herramienta para mejorar su precisión
Authors: Martí-Calatayud Manuel César , Santafé-Moros Asunción , Gozálvez-Zafrilla José María
Published: November 2020

La interpretación de gráficos logarítmicos es una habilidad importante en los profesionales de ingeniería. Dichos gráficos se utilizan para representar la evolución de fenómenos naturales y para facilitar el diseño de procesos y equipos. No obstante, los estudiantes están acostumbrados a leer datos en diagramas con escalas lineales, lo cual supone un reto en el aprendizaje de la lectura de otros tipos de representaciones. En el presente trabajo se evalúan las capacidades de interpretación de gráficos logarítmicos en estudiantes de tercer curso de grado de ingeniería química. El análisis sobre una muestra de 64 individuos revela que un 49% de los alumnos comete errores de interpretación, siendo los mas comunes la lectura de datos realizando una interpretación de escalas lineal y el conteo erróneo del número de líneas de división secundarias. Con el fin de facilitar el manejo de diagramas con escalas logarítmicas, se ha desarrollado un software de lectura de gráficos llamado PUNTGRAF. El programa permite calibrar distintos tipos de gráficos, y obtener las coordenadas de un punto. Se propone PUNTGRAF como una herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje de la interpretación de gráficos ingenieriles, que permita al alumno aprender de forma autónoma de sus propios errores.
La consolidación de competencias en la formación de gestores culturales: preparación práctica para la gestión, coordinación y montaje de eventos expositivos
Authors: Ramón-Marqués Núria , Martí Testón Ana , Aliaga Morell Joan
Published: November 2020

La Gestión Cultural es una profesión que se ha ido consolidando en los últimos veinte años. La formación de profesionales en este ámbito se venía realizando desde la práctica individual y la formación autodidacta. En la actualidad tenemos la oportunidad de formar a los futuros profesionales con una formación reglada, de calidad y práctica. Nuestro reto consiste en lograr aportar todos los contenidos teóricos adecuados y ponerlos en práctica en un caso específico que nos aproxime a la futura realidad profesional. En este artículo comentamos la experiencia que hemos desarrollado un grupo de docentes de la asignatura de máster “Métodos de Gestión en Instituciones y Espacios Culturales” para coordinar y desarrollar una exposición en el Centro del Carmen de Valencia sobre la colección de arte de la universidad Politècnica de València con motivo del 50 aniversario de la institución, como una práctica en la que hemos trabajado aplicando clases presenciales y actividades online con distintas metodologías que han resultado efectivas entre las que destacamos el método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, el Aprendizaje - Servicio y el método del Aprendizaje Cooperativo.
Experiencias de aprendizaje del Derecho del Trabajo a través del cine
Authors: Todolí Signes Adrián , Calvo Palomares Ricard
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza la experiencia realizada durante tres años con objeto de complementar la enseñanza del derecho del trabajo con el uso del cine como material bibiográfico y sus resultados. En la experiencia se propuso una película por cada tema del programa académico de la asignatura de Derecho del Trabajo (I) y también de la asignatura Políticas sociolaborales, ocupación e igualdad. Los resultados han sido positivos siendo el material cinemátográfico una ayuda significativa a la comprensión de conceptos complejos y su retención en el tiempo
Aproximación a los sistemas de calidad en el entorno universitario
Authors: Martinez Amparo
Published: November 2020

Los estudiantes universitarios de algunas carreras de ciencias en la mayoría de los casos terminan sus estudios de grado y de máster sin una formación básica en sistemas de calidad, concretamente la norma ISO/IEC 17025, directamente dirigida al trabajo en laboratorios de análisis. Esto puede ser debido a los intensos horarios de clases teóricas y prácticas a los que deben enfrentarse cada cuatrimestre para abarcar todo el programa del plan docente de cada asignatura. Sin embargo, es fundamental que los graduados o másteres que accedan al mercado laboral conozcan la metodología de trabajo en un sistema de calidad en el que la mayoría tendrá que desenvolverse en el desempeño de sus actividades profesionales. Se plantea una metodología en la que el alumnado de los últimos cursos de grados y de másteres universitarios adquiera las competencias necesarias para trabajar bajo la norma ISO/IEC 17025. La actividad se estructurará en sesiones teórico-prácticas en los que el alumnado tomará decisiones acerca de la aptitud de determinados equipos de medida en función de los procedimientos adaptados a la norma internacional de calidad ISO/IEC 17025. Se detalla la metodología y el desarrollo de las actividades, así como los objetivos que se plantean alcanzar.
Desarrollo de comunidades de aprendizaje en línea para titulaciones jurídicas. #Relaciónate: plan transversal de innovación docente a través del uso de nuevas tecnologías en el Grado en Relaciones Laborales
Authors: Marina Revuelta García , Estancona Pérez Araya Alicia
Published: November 2020

This paper shows the results of a teachinginnovation Project called #Relaciónate of the University of Cantabria. This Project was designed to stablished a communication and specialist information channel between Labour Relations Degree students and teachers. The regular publication through Twitter was focused on legal reports, sentences, doctrinal analysis selected by teachers and specialised profiling network –like official bodies, professionals, teachers connected by social network, ecc.-. This particular system creates an online learning community which allows us to contextualize and share theoretical contents being taught in classroom and to improve the students involvement in learning processes and their relevant skills and values, such as self-directed learning, critical thinking or information management.
Prácticas en Empresas: Un modelo de integración de las competencias para el desarrollo profesional
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pedro , Ruiz de Palacios Villaverde Mercedes , Arroyo Fernández María Jesús , Hurtado Ocaña Inmaculada
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad, a través de la experiencia de un grupo de Tutores Académicos de prácticas curriculares, ver si estas sirven para preparar a los alumnos en la adquisición y desarrollo de las competencias y habilidades que se necesitan en el mercado laboral actual y que les sirvan para el futuro. Y además analizar también qué piensan las empresas de la formación de nuestros estudiantes cuando trabajan con ellas durante el período de prácticas. Todo ello lo queremos testar a través de los contenidos de las Memorias o Informes Finales que realizan tanto nuestros alumnos como los Tutores de Empresa. Información que se recibe a través de una herramienta informática de elaboración propia denominada Portal de Prácticas donde los estudiantes pueden realizar todos los trámites relacionados con las prácticas y además les permite estar en contacto constante con su Tutor Académico.
La aplicación del Enfoque del Marco Lógico en proyectos académicos de posgrado sobre patrimonio arquitectónico y desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Gilabert Sansalvador Laura , Peiró Vitoria Andrea
Published: November 2020

The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is an analytical methodology for project design and formulation that has been widely used in the field of development cooperation. Its main advantages are, firstly, that it assists in the analysis and diagnosis of complex real situations and, secondly, that it provides an effective tool for the monitoring and evaluation of projects eligible for funding. This paper presents the teaching methodology and the results obtained in the subject Sustainable Development and Heritage of the Management speciality of the Master's Degree in Preservation of Architectural Heritage (Universitat Politècnica de València). It is based on the application of the LFA method to design heritage and development projects, and also on a simulation of a real process of application for project funding.
Metodología para la inclusión del uso de TICs en el aula en estudios relacionados con sostenibilidad.
Authors: Arroyo Rosa , De Oliveira Jardim Erika , Lo-Iacono-Ferreira Vanesa G.
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo presenta la metodología desarrollada para la inclusión del uso de las TICs como instrumento de apoyo para la adquisición de habilidades y competencias en el ámbito de los estudios de la sostenibilidad en el aula, en estudios universitarios. De esta manera, se pretende fomentar el interés y el entusiasmo de los estudiantes en el Desarrollo Sostenible, tanto en los aspectos más generales que afectan a la vida cotidiana como en el desempeño de la carrera profesional. Para ello, se propone el empleo de las TICs, como medio de comunicación entre el alumnado y el profesorado, a través de plataformas virtuales y herramientas on-line, como Google forms® y Kahoot®, así como otras propias de las propias universidades. La metodología presentada se compone de: una guía para su aplicación, una encuesta, un juego a desarrollar en el aula, y una herramienta propia para la recogida de datos.
Un proyecto de biología sintética para la motivación y aprendizaje de los estudiantes del primer curso del Grado en Biotecnología.
Authors: Sanmartín Isaias , Revert Francisco , Ventura Ignacio , Lloret Ana , Prieto Jesús Ángel
Published: November 2020

In this work we present a professional level synthetic biology project adapted to first year students. We describe the adaptations necessary to make it affordable for laboratory practices, both pedagogically and in terms of the economic viability of the materials used. The objective of the project is the motivation of the students of the Degree in Biotechnology, as well as the acquisition of practical work competences in the biomedical laboratory necessary for the training of the biotechnologist.
Relações étnico-raciais e Educação Física escolar: uma revisão integrativa de teses e dissertações
Authors: Mendonça Giuliano Pablo Almeida , Freire Elisabete dos Santos , Miranda Maria Luiza de Jesus
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender como a temática das relações étnico raciais tem sido estudada na educação física escolar. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de teses e dissertações nas bases de dados da CAPES e da BDTD. A amostra totalizou 25 estudos que puderam ser organizados em três grandes grupos: formação; identificação/investigação e intervenção/proposição que apontaram para um crescimento no interesse em pesquisar à temática. Por fim, pudemos concluir que, mesmo havendo interesse por parte dos pesquisadores em, há uma necessidade da oferta de formações para que se consiga a ampliação das discussões no sentido da busca de estratégias mais concretas de inserções dessa temática nas aulas de educação física escolar.
Practicing Policy: Preservice Teachers’ Experiences with a Proficiency-Based Education Model
Authors: Swallow Meredith JC
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Varying policy on the implementation of proficiency-based education (PBE) presents a challenge in the preparation of future educators. It becomes critical to include structures and strategies in teacher education programs that support learning and application in different assessment frameworks. This study explores a piloted PBE model in a university teacher preparation course to better understand the enactment of PBE in classrooms, and the associated teaching and learning implications in a university setting. Results point toward reflection, choice, and standards as objectives as benefits of a PBE model, while challenges include time and scalability in classrooms. Implications focus on the instructional practices identified as benefits in a PBE model and the implementation of those practices in teacher preparation.
Building Collaborative Teacher Education: Integrating UDL through a Faculty Learning Community
Authors: Whinnery Stacie B. , Fogle Keri , Stark Jennifer , Whinnery Keith
Published: November 2020

Teacher educators have focused reform efforts on preparing graduates to address increasingly diverse K-12 students. Collaboration among general and special education faculty is seen as beneficial for preparing teacher candidates who can teach diverse learners, yet it is not the norm. This practitioner research study explored a curriculum reform effort that employed a faculty learning community (FLC) to engage general and special education faculty to collaboratively integrate Universal Design for Learning (UDL) into two teacher education programs. Faculty perceptions of the collaborative reform process and resulting curriculum enhancements are presented. Findings indicated the process was valued by our faculty, promoted a stronger culture of cross-disciplinary collaboration, and resulted in systematic curriculum improvements coordinated across content and field courses. This study offers guidance to teacher education faculty interested in collaborative curriculum reform.
The importance of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Głuszek Jerzy , Wierzowiecka Małgorzata , Niklas Karolina , Niklas Arkadiusz
Published: November 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only leads to disability due to joint changes, but also significantly shortens the life expectancy of patients, mainly due to more frequent occurrence of heart attacks and strokes. Accelerated atherosclerosis in these patients is caused, among other factors, by high homocysteine (HCY) concentration in blood. Numerous studies have shown that treatment with vitamin B significantly reduces the concentration of HCY in blood, but does not reduce the risk of heart diseases. Recent studies have shown, however, that folic acid (FA) administration reduces the risk of stroke by 10–20%. Due to the fact that in patients with RA strokes are more frequent than in the general population and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) is often found, determination of HCY concentration in blood is advisable, and in persons with HHCY it is recommended to use FA in primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Relevance of nationwide prostate specific antigen screening test for prostate cancer
Authors: Ko Young Hwii , Lee Young Goo
Published: November 2020

The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening test plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), especially for early detection, before symptoms of systemic spread. Even though clinical trials for the PSA screening test have demonstrated limited benefits with regard to patient survival, recent trends have shown a continuous decrease in the PCa mortality rate in Western countries. In many Asian countries where PSA screening has not yet been widely adopted, the screening strategy reduces the metastatic spread. While PCa became the 10th most common malignant disease in the Korean male population in 2000, recent national reports indicate that its increase in the last two decades have now made it the third most popular malignant condition. Due to the different epidemiologic background and limited social awareness of PCa compared to Western countries, the PSA screening test was not routinely performed in Korea, in contrast with other prevalent malignant diseases such as stomach, colon, and lung cancers. Therefore, only about a quarter of the patients newly diagnosed with PCa in Korea were found to have undergone repeated PSA screening. However, the screened population showed a higher probability of local rather than systemic treatment, which reflects an earlier disease stage at the time of diagnosis in comparison with their non-screened counterparts. Given the relatively high survival rate of PCa and the increasing lifespan of Korean males, the increase of PCa will accelerate, suggesting the clinical relevance of PSA screening as part of regular checkups for Korean males.
Key principles of clinical validation, device approval, and insurance coverage decisions of artificial intelligence
Authors: Park Seong Ho , Choi Jaesoon , Byeon Jeong-Sik
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) will likely affect various fields of medicine. This article aims to explain the fundamental principles of clinical validation, device approval, and insurance coverage decisions of AI algorithms for medical diagnosis and prediction. Discrimination accuracy of AI algorithms is often evaluated with the Dice similarity coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and traditional or free-response receiver operating characteristic curves. Calibration accuracy should also be assessed, especially for algorithms that provide probabilities to users. As current AI algorithms have limited generalizability to real-world practice, clinical validation of AI should put it to proper external testing and assisting roles. External testing could adopt diagnostic case-control or diagnostic cohort designs. A diagnostic case-control study evaluates the technical validity/accuracy of AI while the latter tests the clinical validity/accuracy of AI in samples representing target patients in real-world clinical scenarios. Ultimate clinical validation of AI requires evaluations of its impact on patient outcomes, referred to as clinical utility, and for which randomized clinical trials are ideal. Device approval of AI is typically granted with proof of technical validity/accuracy and thus does not intend to directly indicate if AI is beneficial for patient care or if it improves patient outcomes. Neither can it categorically address the issue of limited generalizability of AI. After achieving device approval, it is up to medical professionals to determine if the approved AI algorithms are beneficial for real-world patient care. Insurance coverage decisions generally require a demonstration of clinical utility that the use of AI has improved patient outcomes.
The evolution of cloud and aerosol microphysics at the summit of Mt. Tai, China
Authors: Li Jiarong , Zhu Chao , Chen Hui , Zhao Defeng , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Li Hongyong , Liu Pengfei , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Chenglong , Mu Yujing , Zhang Wenjin , Zhang Luming , Herrmann Hartmut , Li Kai , Liu Min , Chen Jianmin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The influence of aerosols, both natural and
anthropogenic, remains a major area of uncertainty when predicting the
properties and the behaviours of clouds and their influence on climate. In
an attempt to better understand the microphysical properties of cloud
droplets, the simultaneous variations in aerosol microphysics and their
potential interactions during cloud life cycles in the North China Plain, an
intensive observation took place from 17 June to 30 July 2018 at the
summit of Mt. Tai. Cloud microphysical parameters were monitored
simultaneously with number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei
(NCCN) at different supersaturations, PM2.5 mass concentrations,
particle size distributions and meteorological parameters. Number
concentrations of cloud droplets (NC), liquid water content (LWC) and
effective radius of cloud droplets (reff) show large variations among 40
cloud events observed during the campaign. The low values of reff and
LWC observed at Mt. Tai are comparable with urban fog. Clouds on clean days
are more susceptible to the change in concentrations of particle number
(NP), while clouds formed on polluted days might be more sensitive to
meteorological parameters, such as updraft velocity and cloud base height.
Through studying the size distributions of aerosol particles and cloud
droplets, we find that particles larger than 150 nm play important roles in
forming cloud droplets with the size of 5–10 µm. In general, LWC
consistently varies with reff. As NC increases, reff changes
from a trimodal distribution to a unimodal distribution and shifts to
smaller size mode. By assuming a constant cloud thickness and ignoring any
lifetime effects, increase in NC and decrease in reff would increase
cloud albedo, which may induce a cooling effect on the local climate system.
Our results contribute valuable information to enhance the understanding of
cloud and aerosol properties, along with their potential interactions on the
North China plain.
Manifestations and environmental implications of microbially-induced calcium
carbonate precipitation (MICP) by the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum
flosaquae
Authors: Abdel-Basset Refat , Hassan Elhagag  Ahmed , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The aim of this work is to explore the ability and magnitude of the temperate cyanobacterium Dolichospermum flosaquae in MICP (microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation). Environmentally, MICP controls the availability of calcium, carbon and phosphorus in freshwater lakes and simultaneously controls carbon exchange with the atmosphere. Cultures of flosaquae were grown in BG11 medium containing 0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 4 mg Ca2+ L−1, as cardinal concentrations previously reported in freshwater lakes, in addition to a control culture (BG11 containing 13 mg Ca2+ L−1). Growth (cell number, chlorophyll a, and protein content) of D. flosaquae was generally reduced by elevating calcium concentrations of the different salts used (chloride, acetate, or citrate). D. flosaquae seems able to perform MICP as carbonate alkalinity was sharply induced up to its highest level (six times that of the control) at a citrate concentration of 4 mg Ca2+ L−1. Calcium carbonate was formed at a pre-precipitation stage as the minimum pH necessary for precipitation (8.7) has been scarcely approached under such conditions. MICP took place mostly relying on photosynthesis and respiration, but not on urease activity, as urea was not supplemented in the growth media. However, D. flosaquae exhibited strong urease specific activity in in vitro assays (four times that of the control at 4 mg Ca2+ citrate L−1). Residual calcium exhibited its lowest value at 4 mg Ca2+ citrate L−1, coinciding with the highest alkalinity level. Consumed calcium was increasing with chlorophyll a content, but not with increasing cell numbers. The experiments should be repeated in a future study, but in the presence of urea, to evaluate the full potential of calcium carbonate precipitation of D. flosaquae, its dynamics and impact on biogeochemical cycles of calcium, carbon and phosphorus in freshwater lakes.
Global geographic variability in freshwater methane hydrogen
isotope ratios and its implications for emissions source
apportionment and microbial biogeochemistry
Authors: Douglas Peter M. J. , Stratigopoulos Emerald , Park Jenny , Phan Dawson
Published: November 2020

Abstract. There is growing interest in developing spatially resolved methane (CH4) isotopic source signatures to aid in geographic source attribution of CH4 emissions. CH4 hydrogen isotope measurements (δ2H-CH4) have the potential to be a powerful tool for spatial resolution of CH4 emissions from freshwater environments, as well as other microbial sources. This is because microbial δ2H-CH4 values are partially dependent on the δ2H of environmental water (δ2H-H2O), which exhibits large and well-characterized spatial variability globally. We compiled a comprehensive global dataset of paired CH4 δ2H and δ13C measurements from freshwater environments, including wetlands, inland waters, and rice paddies, comprising a total of 131 different ecosystems, and compared these with measurements and estimates of δ2H-H2O. We found that the estimated δ2H of annual precipitation (δ2Hp) explained approximately 35 % of the observed variation in δ2H-CH4, and that the relationship between δ2H-CH4 and δ2Hp led to significant differences in the distribution of freshwater δ2H-CH4 between the northern high latitudes (60–90º N) relative to other global regions. Residual variability in δ2H-CH4 is partially explained by differences in the dominant methanogenic pathway and CH4 oxidation, as inferred from carbon isotope fractionation between CH4 and carbon dioxide (αC). Our results imply that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is characterized by a steeper slope of δ2H-CH4 vs. δ2Hp than acetoclastic methanogenesis, a pattern that is consistent with previous predictions. Biogeochemical sources of variability in δ2H-CH4 are reflected in apparent differences between different freshwater ecosystems, with relatively high values in rivers and bogs, and low values in fens and rice paddies, although more data is needed to verify whether these differences are significant. To estimate how changes in the spatial distribution of freshwater emissions would influence global atmospheric CH4 isotopic measurements, we developed a bottom-up mixing model of global CH4 δ2H and δ13C sources, including spatially resolved signatures for freshwater CH4 sources. This model implies that changes in high-latitude freshwater CH4 emissions would have an especially strong influence on global source δ2H-CH4. We estimate that global CH4 emissions sources have a combined δ2H value of −277±8 ‰, which is consistent with top-down estimates based on atmospheric measurements. In contrast our estimated δ13C value of −56.4±1.4 ‰ is not consistent with atmospheric measurements, suggesting possible errors in either emissions inventories or estimates of sink fluxes and isotopic fractionations. Overall our results emphasize the value of δ2H-CH4 measurements to help constrain atmospheric CH4 budgets.
Spatiotemporal patterns of N2 fixation in coastal waters derived from rate measurements and remote sensing
Authors: Zilius Mindaugas , Vybernaite-Lubiene Irma , Vaiciute Diana , Overlingė Donata , Grinienė Evelina , Zaiko Anastasija , Bonaglia Stefano , Liskow Iris , Voss Maren , Andersson Agneta , Brugel Sonia , Politi Tobia , Bukaveckas Paul A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Coastal lagoons are important sites for nitrogen (N) removal via sediment burial and denitrification. Blooms of heterocystous cyanobacteria may diminish N retention as dinitrogen (N2) fixation offsets atmospheric losses via denitrification. We measured N2 fixation in the Curonian Lagoon, Europe's largest coastal lagoon, to better understand the factors controlling N2 fixation in the context of seasonal changes in phytoplankton community composition and external N inputs. Temporal patterns in N2 fixation were primarily determined by the abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon flosaquae, which became abundant after the decline in riverine nitrate inputs associated with snowmelt. Heterocystous cyanobacteria dominated the summer phytoplankton community resulting in strong correlations between chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and N2 fixation. We used regression models relating N2 fixation to Chl-a, along with remote sensing-based estimates of Chl-a to derive lagoon-scale estimates of N2 fixation. N2 fixation by pelagic cyanobacteria was found to be a significant component of the lagoon's N budget based on comparisons to previously derived fluxes associated with riverine inputs, sediment-water exchange and losses via denitrification. To our knowledge, this is the first study to derive ecosystem-scale estimates of N2 fixation by combining remote sensing of Chl-a with empirical models relating N2 fixation rates to Chl-a.
A new fractal-theory-based criterion for hydrological
model calibration
Authors: Bai Zhixu , Wu Yao , Ma Di , Xu Yue-Ping
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Fractality has been found in many areas and has been used to describe the internal features of time series. But is it possible to use fractal theory to improve the performance of hydrological models? This study aims to investigate the potential benefits of applying fractal theory in model calibration. A new criterion named ratio of fractal dimensions (RD) is defined as the ratio of fractal dimensions of simulated and observed streamflow series. To combine the advantages of fractal theory with classical criteria based on squared residuals, a multi-objective calibration strategy is designed. The selected classical criterion is Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E). The E-RD strategy is tested in three study cases with different climate and geography. The results of experiment reveal that, from most aspects, introducing RD into model calibration makes the simulation of streamflow components more reasonable. Besides, in calibration, only little decrease of E occurs when pursuing better RD. We therefore recommend choosing the best E among the parameter sets whose RD is around 1.
Impact of frozen soil processes on soil thermal characteristics
at seasonal to decadal scales over the Tibetan Plateau and
North China
Authors: Li Qian , Xue Yongkang , Liu Ye
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Frozen soil processes are of great importance in controlling surface water and energy balances during the cold season and in cold regions. Over recent decades, considerable frozen soil degradation and surface soil warming have been reported over the Tibetan Plateau and North China, but most land surface models have difficulty in capturing the freeze-thaw cycle and few validations focus on the effects of frozen soil processes on soil thermal characteristics in these regions. This paper addresses these issues by introducing a physically more realistic and computationally more stable and efficient frozen soil module (FSM) into a land surface model—the third-generation Simplified Simple Biosphere model (SSiB3-FSM). To overcome the difficulties in achieving stable numerical solutions for frozen soil, a new semi-implicit scheme and a physics-based freezing-thawing scheme were applied to solve the governing equations. The performance of this model, as well as the effects of frozen soil process on the soil temperature profile and soil thermal characteristics, were investigated over the Tibetan Plateau and North China using observation and models. Results show that the SSiB3 model with the FSM produces more realistic soil temperature profile and its seasonal variation than that without FSM during the freezing and thawing periods. The freezing process in soil delays the winter cooling, while the thawing process delays the summer warming. The time lag and amplitude damping of temperature become more pronounced with increasing depth. These processes are well simulated in SSiB3-FSM. The freeze-thaw processes could increase the simulated phase lag days and land memory at different soil depths, as well as the soil memory change with the soil thickness. Furthermore, compared with observations, SSiB3-FSM produces a realistic change of maximum frozen soil depth at decadal scales. This study shows the soil thermal characteristics at seasonal to decadal scales over frozen ground can be greatly improved in SSiB3-FSM and SSiB3-FSM can be used as an effective model for TP and NC simulation during cold reasons.
A multiple-path gradient projection method for solving the logit-based stochastic user equilibrium model
Authors: Tan Heqing , Du Muqing , Yu Chun-bin
Published: November 2020

This paper proposes a path-based algorithm for solving the well-known logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) problem in transportation planning and management. Based on the gradient projection (GP) method, the new algorithm incorporates a novel multiple-path gradient approach to generate the descent direction in consideration of many paths existing in every single origin-destination (O-D) pair. To apply the path-based algorithm, the SUE problem is reformulated as a variational inequality (VI), and a working path set is predetermined. The numerical experiments are conducted on the Winnipeg network where a large number of paths are provided. The results show the multiple-path gradient projection algorithm outperforms the original GP method. Three different step size strategies, including the fixed step size, self-regulated averaging and self-adaptive Armijo’s strategies, are involved to draw a more general conclusion. Also, the effects of the path number on computational performance are analyzed. The multiple-path gradient projection (MGP) method converges much faster than the GP method when the path set size gets large.
Introduction to special issue: Innovations for transport planning in China
Authors: Li Zhibin , Jiao Junfeng , Ding Chuan
Published: November 2020

We planned this special issue in response to the new opportunities and innovations for urban transport planning in China all of which can help build the smart transportation systems of the future. In preparation for the special issue, we organized the 19th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals (CICTP2019) with the theme of “Transportation in China 2025” in July 2017 and recommended high-quality submissions to this special issue. In the end, we received a total of 24 valid papers. After the standard peer-review process, we accepted eight papers for the special issue, with three focusing on built environment and travel activity, three focusing on road network distribution, and two focusing on data-driven traffic modeling. The special issue also has a well-balanced research focus on different types of transport modes, with two papers on multi-modal transport, three on personal cars, two on public bikes, and one on pedestrians.
A novel modeling approach for a capacitated (S,T) inventory system with backlog under stochastic discrete demand and lead time
Authors: Tai Pham Duc , Huyen Pham Phuong Ngoc , Buddhakulsomsiri Jirachai
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a new period-based approach is proposed for modeling a capacitated inventory system, operating under an (S,T) policy with backlog. The system experiences stochastic discrete demand and lead time. By using the proposed method, a mathematical model is developed. The model can accurately estimate the inventory system measures of performance: the expected inventory on-hands and over-storage amount. Through a simulation experiment, the new model is compared with two other models, which are developed by using a widely used mean-based approach. The comparison is conducted based on a case study data set. The results demonstrate that the period-based model is superior to the mean-based models with respect to capturing the behaviors of the inventory system. Therefore, better inventory policy parameters can be obtained by employing the new model.
A multi-item batch fabrication problem featuring delayed product differentiation, outsourcing, and quality assurance
Authors: Chiu Yuan-Shyi Peter , Chang Huei-Hsin , Chiu Tiffany , Chiu Singa Wang
Published: November 2020

Variety, quality, and rapid response are becoming a trend in customer requirements in the contemporary competitive markets. Thus, an increasing number of manufacturers are frequently seeking alternatives such as redesigning their fabrication scheme and outsourcing strategy to meet the client’s expectations effectively with minimum operating costs and limited in-house capacity. Inspired by the potential benefits of delay differentiation, outsourcing, and quality assurance policies in the multi-item production planning, this study explores a single-machine two-stage multi-item batch fabrication problem considering the abovementioned features. Stage one is the fabrication of all the required common parts, and stage two is manufacturing the end products. A predetermined portion of common parts is supplied by an external contractor to reduce the uptime of stage one. Both stages have imperfect in-house production processes. The defective items produced are identified, and they are either reworked or removed to ensure the quality of the finished batch. We develop a model to depict the problem explicitly. Modeling, formulation, derivation, and optimization methods assist us in deriving a cost-minimized cycle time solution. Moreover, the proposed model can analyze and expose the diverse features of the problem to help managerial decision-making. An example of this is the individual/ collective influence of postponement, outsourcing, and quality reassurance policies on the optimal cycle time solution, utilization, uptime of each stage, total system cost, and individual cost contributors.