bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Potassium Level in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning and its Correlation with Severity in Patients Presenting to Emergency Room in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Basnet Dinesh , Shakya Yagya Laxmi , Gupta Sanjay , Shah Newton Ashish , Gupta Bishal , Yadav Manish
Published: September 2024

Background: Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are common causes of accidental and suicidal poisoning in agricultural countries like Nepal. Serum cholinesterase, used to diagnose organophosphorus poisoning (OP), is not reliable for predicting its severity. This study aimed to assess serum potassium as an alternative prognostic indicator for OP poisoning severity.
Methodology: This single-centric cross-sectional study included patients presenting with OP poisoning at a tertiary care center over six months. Total 86 cases met the inclusion criteria. The Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale categorized patients by severity. The association between OP poisoning severity and serum potassium level at presentation was studied.
Results: Of the 86 cases, 47 (55%) were females. The mean age was 26.96 years (SD: 8.73), ranging from 18 to 65 years. Most cases, 53% (n=46), were aged 20-29 years. Chlorpyriphos (50%) + cypermethrin (5%) was the most common OP compound, used in 29% cases. Malathion (50%) was the least used, in 7% (n=6) of cases. At presentation, 36% (n=31) had hypokalemia, among which 6 had mild poisoning (POP score: 0-3), while 25 had moderate to severe case of poisoning (POP score: 4-11). The association between OP poisoning severity and hypokalemia was statistically significant (p-value <0.001, OR: 23.958, 95% CI).
Conclusion: Serum potassium levels in patients presenting within 12 hours of OP poisoning significantly correlate with severity, as determined by the POP scale. Hypokalemia is prevalent in moderate to severe OP poisoning cases, with higher POP scores linked to lower serum potassium levels.
Review of the General Teaching Model Based on Educational Neuroscience Studies
Authors: Shafaei Shokouh , Haghani Fariba , Yar Mohammadian Mohammad Hossein , Talkhabi Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective: This study aimed to review the general teaching model based on educational neuroscience studies. Methods and Materials: The research was conducted using a qualitative approach and deductive content analysis method. The study involved extensive research of digital resources, journals, books, and dissertations from 1990 to 2021 using databases such as ERIC, Springer, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Google Scholar, Library, Genesis Libdl, Knowledge E, and SID. Keywords in both Persian and English, including teaching method, brain-based learning, and educational neuroscience, were used in the search. A total of 183 relevant articles and books were identified, from which those addressing brain-compatible learning were selected. Findings: After collecting information from texts and analyzing the content, removing duplicate codes, and merging similar codes, 1416 codes were obtained. These were organized into 109 initial categories, 31 sub-categories, and 4 main categories within the general teaching model, covering pre-teaching, pre-and during teaching, during teaching, and post-teaching stages. The study's results explained 28 educational actions with an educational neuroscience approach in the stages of the general teaching model. These were validated through confirmatory factor analysis by experts and specialists in educational neuroscience (psychology, cognitive sciences, and educational sciences) and confirmed. Conclusion: It appears that implementing actions derived from educational neuroscience studies in the stages of the general teaching model can improve learners' brain performance and consequently enhance their learning.
Aceptación de herencia bajo beneficio de inventario para hijos menores de edad en el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia
Authors: Cárdenas Callejo Brehenely Adriana
Published: September 2024

This investigation focused on proposing a bill that modifies article 1031 of the Civil Code, article 51 of the Family Code, and complements section f) of article 19 of the Notarial Law. The main objective is to establish that the acceptance of inheritance under the benefit of inventory by minor children is the exclusive competence of the Notary of Public Faith in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, in order to comply with the principle of the Best Interest of the Child. This work was based on the analysis of theoretical, empirical and statistical methods. The application of these methods made it possible to demonstrate the need to modify current legislation to guarantee compliance with the Best Interest of Children and Adolescents in the country. It is crucial to make these modifications without altering the fundamental rights enshrined in the relevant legislation, with the purpose of ensuring that the right to choose and decide is exercised in a timely, efficient and agile manner. In this way, the aim is for children and adolescents to feel that their rights are fully recognized and guaranteed.
Mengoptimalkan Pengembangan Desa Wisata Jeruk Manis melalui Pembuatan Tourist Information dan Fasilitas Changing Room
Authors: Nova Salsabilla  , Baiq Neny Rafika Apriliya  , Wahyu Aprianto  , Retsatina Widiawati  , Aisyah Febrianti  , Masayu Farah Rachmadani  , Sanisa Septianingsih  , Faizah Faizah  , Nuryadin Ibnu Mas’ud  , Muhammad Thoriq
Published: September 2024

Jeruk Manis Village is a village resulting from the expansion of Kembang Kuning Village, after its expansion Jeruk Manis established itself with new branding as a tourist village that is already known for its natural beauty and green rice fields that refresh the eyes. In its efforts to build a tourist village that promises visitors, Jeruk Manis has not provided adequate facilities such as the lack of tourist information for visitors, as well as inadequate changing rooms in several tourist attractions. Therefore, the purpose of KKN PMD University of Mataram for the July-August 2024 period is to optimize tourism in Jeruk Manis Village through making Tourist Information and improving Changing Room facilities. The implementation method used is field survey, location planning, design or design, and program implementation (production and promotion). The results obtained from the making of Tourist Information and Changing Room improvements have a stronger impact on the progress of the branding of the Jeruk Manis Tourism Village, with Tourist Information being a reference for foreign visitors when visiting Jeruk Manis Village. In addition, the placement of the Changing Room made of bamboo which adds to the attractiveness also ensures the comfort of visitors.
VİRTUALLAŞMANIN VƏTƏNDAŞ AKTİVLİYİNƏ TƏSİRİ: HAKTİVİZMİN MÜSBƏT VƏ MƏNFİ TƏRƏFLƏRİ
Authors: Humbatov Elnur
Published: September 2024

Virtuallaşmanın cəmiyyət üzvlərinə təqdim etdiyi geniş imkanlar heç də hər bir zaman hüquqa uyğun davranışlar üçün istifadə olunmur. Belə ki, virtual məkan vətəndaş aktivliyinin artmasına səbəb olan bir məkan kimi bir çoxları tərəfindən qeyri-leqal məqsədlər üçün istifadə edilir. Belə davranış formalarından biri kimi haktivizmin müsbət tərəfləri olsa da, onun səbəb olduğu nəticələr insan hüquq və azadlıqlarının təminatı baxımından müsbət qarşılana bilməz.
Məqalədə virtual reallıq formaları, onların təsiri ilə formalaşan vətəndaş aktivliyi, haktivizmin əsas xüsusiyyətləri və onun kibercinayətlərdən fərqli cəhətləri araşdırılmış, haktivizmin qarşısının alınmasında informasiya mədəniyyətinin rolu tədqiq edilmişdir.
NAXÇIVAN MUXTAR RESPUBLİKASI FLORASINDA BRASSİCACEAE BURNETT. – KƏLƏMKİMİLƏR FƏSİLƏSİNİN ÇOXNÖVLÜ CİNSLƏRİ VƏ FAYDALI XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors: Aliyeva Afaq
Published: September 2024

Məqalə Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası florasında yayılan Kələmkimilər-Brassicaceae Burnett. fəsiləsinin çoxsaylı növləri özündə cəmləşdirən cinslərindən bəhs olunur. Ərazi florasında fəsilənin Aethionema R.Br.-Pulcuqluot, Alyssum L.-Çuğundurot, Erysimum L.-İsitməotu, İsatis L.-Rəngotu, Lepidium L.-Bozalaq kimi cinsləri 8-13 növlə çoxsaylı cinsləri hesab olunur. Burada sözügedən bitkilərin Azərbaycanın subendem və Naxçıvan florası üçün xarakterik növləri haqqında məlumatlar da verilmişdir. Fəsilənin çoxnövlü cinslərinin faydalı xüsusiyyətləri cədvəl şəklində qeyd olunmuşdur.
CƏMİYYƏT HƏYATINDA SİYASİ SFERANIN ROLU VƏ YERİ
Authors: Allahverdiyev Qerib
Published: September 2024

Məqalədə cəmiyyət həyatında siyasi sferanın yeri və rolu təhlil edilir. Siyasət dövlətin, insanların və dövlətin, insanlar və sosial qrupların fəaliyyəti və ünsiyyəti ilə əlaqələndirilir. Siyasəti həyata keçirən dövlətin xarakter xüsusiyyətləri, hakimiyyət strukturlarının formaları araşdırılır. Cəmiyyətin, “siyasi mühiti” anlayışına tərif verilir.
Siyasi rejim forması kimi demokratiya və totalitarizmin xüsusiyyətləri, siyasi mühitdə “dövlət” və “vətəndaş cəmiyyəti” anlayışları arasında fərqlər müəyyənləşdirilir. Belə nəticəyə gəlinir ki, totalitar rejimdə bir növ vətəndaş cəmiyyətinin dövlət tərəfindən mənimsənilməsi baş verir. Yalnız demokratik rejim dövlətlə vətəndaş cəmiyyəti arasında balanslaşdırılmış və ahəngdar münasibətlərin mexanizmini formalaşdırmağa qadirdir.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PERUSAHAAN BENGKEL PER MOBIL CAHAYA FAJAR KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Authors: Iman Cep , Halim Hartanto , Fawaz Rohmatul
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di perusahaan Bengkel Per Mobil Cahaya Fajar Magelang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei, menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 35 karyawan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda untuk menguji hipotesis yang diajukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan yang diterapkan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Selain itu, motivasi kerja juga terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan gaya kepemimpinan yang efektif dan motivasi kerja yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perlu memperhatikan dan mengembangkan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan untuk mencapai kinerja yang optimal.
INFLUÊNCIA DOS PROGRAMAS DE EXCELÊNCIA NA UTILIZAÇÃO EFICAZ DOS SISTEMAS DE CONTABILIDADE GERENCIAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors:   Tarcísio Afonso, de Sá Jefeson Roger Alves
Published: September 2024

Objective: To analyze how Excellence Programs in the food industry influence the Management Control and Accounting System (SCCG) of a Food Distributor in Northern Minas Gerais. Relevance/originality: Managerial accounting has evolved due to technological advancements and the new needs of managers, making organizations more competitive. An Excellence Program is a tool that seeks the continuous improvement of an organization’s internal processes. Methodology/approach: Qualitative research using content analysis. Internal company documents were studied, semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees, and the observation method was used. Three excellence manuals from suppliers, one internal excellence manual from the Distributor, and interviews with eight employees from different sectors were analyzed. Main results: The Excellence Program proved to be crucial for the distributor, providing a holistic view of the processes for senior management, directors, and managers. It facilitated daily control and organization, encompassing control, organization, strategy, and training. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The research highlights the importance of an Excellence Program as a management tool, assisting in the adoption of better accounting practices and more informed decision-making. Social/management contributions: The study reinforces the relevance of Excellence Programs for improving the quality of financial information, making it more accurate, clear, and reliable, which is essential for effective organizational management.
Impact Of Covid-19 News On Health Workers' Anxiety In Sumber Agung Pharmacy Doctor Practice
Authors: Rahman Sirajul , W Yunanri
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of COVID-19 coverage on the anxiety of health workers in Sumber Agung Pharmacy Doctor's Practice. The theory used as the basis in this study is a theory initiated by Harold Lasswell that states there are five indicators or elements in communication namely 1) Communicators, 2) Communion, 3) Messages, 4) Media, and 5) Effects.
This research uses a discrete research design with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used through interviews, observations and documentation. Research informants are taken from the proposal of policy makers and stakeholders. Data analysis techniques use analysis and interactive consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.
Based on the results of research on the impact of COVID-19 news on the anxiety of health workers in the Practice of Doctors Apotek Sumber Agung can be said to have fulfilled the elements of communication according to Harold Lasswell. News of the development of COVID-19 that is reported continuously has influenced and changed the attitudes, behaviors, concerns, and anxieties of health workers in the Practice of Sumber Agung Pharmacy Doctors
المعالجة البحثية والتنظيرية لاستخدام تكنولوجيا الإعلام الجديد لنشر ثقافة العنف
Authors: Neyazy El Saifi Hassan
Published: September 2024

نظرا لشعبية وزيادة استخدام شبكة الإنترنت، اتجه المتطرفون والجماعات الإرهابية - وعلى رأسهم داعش - إلى استغلال الإعلام الجديد كوسيلة جديدة وقوية لنشر ثقافة العنف والدعاية للإرهاب وتجنيد الأتباع واستدراج الشباب، وتوصيل رؤيتهم، والتحريض على العنف وجذب الآلاف من المقاتلين في الخارج لتلقي التدريب الإرهابي في العراق وسوريا. ولذا يعتمد 90٪ تقريبا من الإرهاب المنظم على شبكة الإنترنت على توظيف الإعلام الاجتماعي، حيث يستخدم داعش الإنترنت والإعلام الجديد في حملات العمليات النفسية بنجاح، ويتضح ذلك من ترك الغربيين والشباب والنساء منازلهم وبلادهم التي ترفل بالراحة والأمن مؤثرين الانضمام لداعش، وفرار العديد من الجنود العراقيين وإلقاء أسلحتهم عند مواجهة داعش، وهو ما يعد انعكاسا لحملة الخوف التي بثها التنظيم الإرهابي. وفي ضوء نمو واستمرار استخدام داعش والتنظيمات الإرهابية للإعلام الجديد لنشر ثقافة العنف والإرهاب، تسعى الدراسة إلى وصف وتحليل واقع المعالجة البحثية وجهود التنظير لاستخدام داعش والتنظيمات الإرهابية للإعلام الجديد لنشر ثقافة العنف، كما تعكسه الرسائل الجامعية والبحوث المنشورة في الدوريات العلمية المحكمة، والتقارير الدولية الصادرة عن مراكز مكافحة الإرهاب، العربية والأجنبيةسواء على صعيد المفاهيم النظرية، أو التوجهات البحثية؛ وذلك لرصد وتحليل "طبيعة تواجد الجماعات الإرهابية عبر الفضاء الإليكتروني، وتوظيف داعش للإعلام الجديد ثقافة العنف، وتحديد سمات الدعاية للعنف والإرهاب عبر الإنترنت وطرق نشرها وعوامل نجاحها، وسمات إرهابيي الإعلام الجديد، والآثار المترتبة على استراتيجية استخدام داعش للإعلام الجديد لنشر ثقافة العنف"، وذلك من خلال تحليل كيفي منالمستوى الثاني لكل البحوث والتقارير المتصلة باستخدام داعش والتنظيمات الإرهابية للإعلام الجديد لنشر ثقافة العنف. الكلمات المفتاحية: ثقافة العنف - التنظيمات الإرهابية – داعش- الإعلام الجديد-المعالجة البحثية والتنظيرية.
Structure Design And Optimization Approach For Low RCS Screws
Authors: Zhu Hongqian , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of radar stealth and detection technology, large numbers of
screws and rivets have become a major factor that affecting the aircraft’s invisibility. This is because
these components have a significant impact on the overall radar cross section of the aircraft, when
the electromagnetic scattering characteristic of strong scattering sources is greatly reduced. By
analyzing the scattering contribution of the head and body to the screw, it has been obtained that
the geometric structure of the head plays a primary role in influencing the overall radar cross section
of the screw. According to the scattering mechanism and stealth principle, a shape design method
for the low RCS screw is proposed, and then we investigated the scattering characteristic of the
octagonal, hexadecagonal, and circular head screws respectively. Furthermore, a structure
optimization approach for low RCS screws is introduced which takes the angle of the incident wave
into account. This has resulted in the development of a corresponding triangular screw with low
detection capabilities. The simulation results show that within the operating frequency band of radar,
the triangular head screw has a maximum RCS reduction of approximately 30.1dB compared to a
traditional round head screw in [-90°,90°]. On average, there is a reduction of 12.6dB. The
simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design and
optimization method for low RCS screw structures
Effects of Spacing and Varieties on the Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vignauguiculata L.). Grown in Makurdi, Benue State. Nigeria
Authors: P. Madina , D. M. Esang , D. D. Iyough
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm of Joseph Sarwun, Tarka, University Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria at 70 41N and Longitude 80 37E, 400m above sea level in Southern Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological zone of Nigeria to investigate the Effects of Spacing and Variety on the Growth and Yield of Cowpea (Vignauguiculata L.). Two spacing were used 25 and 30cm intra row spacing and three medium maturing varieties of IT07K-274-2-9, IAR-07-1050 and UAM-1051-1 were used for study. The treatment were combined and laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. During the research, growth characters such as plant height, number of leaves, days of maturity, 50% flowering were measured. Other yield and yield related characters like number of pod, number of seed, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were also recorded. The use of 30cm intra row spacing produced significantly (P=0.05) in both growth and yield related parameters except in plant height where 25cm spacing had taller plants (61.21), days to maturity (79.45) and 50% flowering (60.21) while spacing 30cm had higher number of leaves (50.11) higher number of pod per plants (46.01), number of seeds per pod (10.99), weightier pod (900.11), weightier 100 seeds (120.56) and over all yield (681.16) The use of medium maturing varieties was also observed to produce significantly (P=0.05) with 1T07K-274-2-9 recorded early days of maturity (79.11), 50% days of flowering (61.21) and number of pod (47.21) while UAM-1050-1 produced taller plant (62.01), higher number of leaves (51.21) higher number of seeds per pod(11.50) pod weight(1084.01),100 seed weight (22.68) and overall yield (698.82).Form the result cowpea farmers in Makurdi are advice to grow UAM-105-1 at 30cm intra row spacing for optimum yield.
Impact of Preservatives on Food Preservation and their Effect on the Bacteria
Authors: A. Shaltout Fahim
Published: September 2024

The Meat, milk, fruits, and vegetables are vital nutrients for humans because they include protein, essential amino acids, vitamin B groups, and minerals. Because of its high-water activity and nutrient content, it also promotes deterioration and food-borne disorders. Thus, food preservation is essential for guaranteeing food safety and security. This paper examines the critical significance of animal origin natural preservatives in food preservation systems. This review article explains how these preservatives extend the shelf life of food products in a variety of categories by thoroughly examining their efficacy, methods of action, and diverse applications. Furthermore, it explains the inherent benefits of using animal origin natural preservatives, demonstrating their superiority to synthetic counterparts in terms of safety, sustainability, and environmental effect. Regulatory frameworks and customer opinions are also investigated, providing useful information about the uptake and acceptance of various preservatives in the food business. This analysis emphasises the importance of using natural and animal-derived solutions to promote a safer, more sustainable, and healthier food supply chain.
The Development of Slovenian Music from the Remoteness to the Contemportary
Authors: Križnar Dr. Franc
Published: September 2024

The author discusses the whole historical development of Slovenian music from its beginnings in the 6th century (immediately after the settling of the Slovenians) to the current era. He also discusses important historical events connected with the development of music life in Slovenia. Important stylistic development trends are mentioned and for the modern era, the article serves as a checklist for the most important new and upcoming composers.
Tackling Talent Acquisition Challenges in Nigerian IT Sector: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Perekebina Agbai Edward , Okechukwu Ngozi U.
Published: September 2024

The Information Technology industry in Nigeria is experiencing rapid growth and development yet faces significant challenges in talent acquisition. This article explores the key problems and prospects associated with attracting and retaining skilled IT professionals in Nigeria. Through a comprehensive review of data from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics and industry case studies, this study identifies several critical issues, including a shortage of skilled professionals, intense competition for talent, inadequate infrastructure, and limited career development opportunities. Using case studies of System Specs Nigeria, BOK TECH- Addressing Turnover Through Flexible Work Arrangements, and D_Market Seller - Leveraging Diversity for Innovation to examine how they navigated the IT talent acquisition challenges in Nigeria. Using the Human Capital Theory, the article examines potential solutions and prospects for addressing these challenges, such as improved leadership and management, advocating for positive government policies, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders, and effective crisis management. The study recommended effective recruitment strategies leveraging social media and partnering with universities and professional organizations to identify and recruit skilled professionals. Adopting strong Career Path Development and Professional Development Opportunities will attract prospective employees and the utilization of emerging technology to streamline recruitment, onboarding, and performance management processes, making it easier to manage talent. By addressing these challenges, Nigeria’s IT sector can better position itself for sustained growth and competitiveness in the global market.
Chinese Modernization in the Eyes of African Students
Authors: Bena Osee Dr. Utangisila
Published: September 2024

This article explores the perceptions and experiences of African students studying in China regarding Chinese modernization efforts. Through qualitative interviews and surveys conducted among African students in Chinese universities, the study examines how these students perceive China’s rapid development and modernization initiatives. The findings reveal that African students view China as a model for economic growth, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. Many students appreciate China’s emphasis on innovation, entrepreneurship, and scientific research, which have contributed to its transformation into a global economic powerhouse. They admire China’s progress in key sectors such as telecommunications, transportation, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence, highlighting the country’s achievements in bridging the digital divide and fostering sustainable development. Moreover, African student’s express admiration for China’s commitment to poverty alleviation, social welfare, and environmental sustainability. They note China’s efforts to lift millions of people out of poverty, improve living standards, and promote ecological conservation through green initiatives and clean technology. Many students commend China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for promoting connectivity, trade, and cultural exchange between China and Africa, thereby fostering mutual benefits and cooperation. In conclusion, the article highlights the significance of Chinese modernization in shaping the perceptions and experiences of African students in China. It calls for continued dialogue, collaboration, and partnership building to foster a deeper understanding of Chinese modernization and its implications for Africa’s development trajectory. The voices of African students serve as a catalyst for meaningful engagement, exchange of ideas, and building a shared future of prosperity and cooperation between China and Africa.
The Religio-Philosophical Analysis of Political Parties' Campaign Slogans in Osun State, Nigeria (2018 And 2022)
Authors: Peter ALUKO Oluwasegun , AJIBORO Aderonke
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the religio-philosophical dimensions of political slogans, specifically “IleriOluwa” (“God’s Promise”) and “Imole De” (“Lightness has Come”), within the context of Osun State’s diverse religious landscape. The research explores how these slogans resonate with different religious communities, revealing varying religious symbolism and connotations. It investigates how the slogans are perceived within the Christian, Muslim, and indigenous religious frameworks, shedding light on their spiritual and philosophical implications. By delving into these complex dynamics, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the interplay between religion, politics, and culture in a multicultural Nigerian state.
Essentialist Identity and Political Instability in Africa: The Role of John Rawls Veil of Ignorance
Authors: E. Nwobodo Dr. Ratzinger E.
Published: September 2024

Africa has a complex history of conflicts that spans centuries and is shaped by a variety of factors, including colonialism, ethnicism and tribal tensions, economic disparities, and political instability. These factors have led to the continuous underdevelopment of Africa. At the root of this political instability is essentialist approach to Identity. A situation where individuals solely pitch their loyalty to their ethnic group rather than the common good. The “Them versus us” mindset. This study sets to primarily answer two questions: how does the essentialist approach to identity cause political instability in Africa? How can John Rawls concept of the Veil of Ignorance help in mitigating this situation? Hence, the paper, through the method of critical analysis, examines the history of political instability in Africa, with a particular focus in Nigeria. It reveals that essentialist approach to identity in Africa has been the major propelleant of political instability. This births a situation where leaders who are incompetent remain at the corridors of power even when they grossly underperform, simply due to their affiliation to a tribe or faith with a population advantage. Also, through a hermenutical analysis of John Rawls’ concept of the Veil of Ignorance, the paper reveals that the concept, given its advocacy for a mental attitude that deemphasizes differences and focuses on the common good, can serve as an effective tool in mitigating against political instability in Nigeria and Africa at large.
Możliwość zaskarżenia do organu regulacyjnego opłat za dostęp do infrastruktury, których okres ważności już upłynął
Authors:   Departament Obsługi Prawnej w Urzędzie Transportu Kolejowego, Miedzińska Iwona
Published: September 2024

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę możliwości zaskarżenia przez przewoźników kolejowych do organu regulacyjnego, naliczonych przez zarządcę infrastruktury kolejowej, tzw. starych opłat za dostęp do infrastruktury kolejowej, tj. takich, których okres ważności już upłynął, co jest przedmiotem wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z 7 marca 2024 r. w sprawie C-582/22 Die Länderbahn i in. Analizą objęto również rozwiązania instytucjonalno-prawne obowiązujące w tym zakresie w polskim systemie prawnym.
Dynamics and regulatory roles of RNA m6A methylation in unbalanced genomes
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Ruixue , Luo Kun , Gu Shipeng , Liu Xinyu , Wang Junhan , Zhang Ludan , Sun Lin
Published: September 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in eukaryotic RNA is an epigenetic modification that is critical for RNA metabolism, gene expression regulation, and the development of organisms. Aberrant expression of m6A components appears in a variety of human diseases. RNA m6A modification in Drosophila has proven to be involved in sex determination regulated by Sxl and may affect X chromosome expression through the MSL complex. The dosage-related effects under the condition of genomic imbalance (i.e. aneuploidy) are related to various epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Here, we investigated the roles of RNA m6A modification in unbalanced genomes using aneuploid Drosophila. The results showed that the expression of m6A components changed significantly under genomic imbalance, and affected the abundance and genome-wide distribution of m6A, which may be related to the developmental abnormalities of aneuploids. The relationships between methylation status and classical dosage effect, dosage compensation, and inverse dosage effect were also studied. In addition, we demonstrated that RNA m6A methylation may affect dosage-dependent gene regulation through dosage-sensitive modifiers, alternative splicing, the MSL complex, and other processes. More interestingly, there seems to be a close relationship between MSL complex and RNA m6A modification. It is found that ectopically overexpressed MSL complex, especially the levels of H4K16Ac through MOF, could influence the expression levels of m6A modification and genomic imbalance may be involved in this interaction. We found that m6A could affect the levels of H4K16Ac through MOF, a component of the MSL complex, and that genomic imbalance may be involved in this interaction. Altogether, our work reveals the dynamic and regulatory role of RNA m6A modification in unbalanced genomes, and may shed new light on the mechanisms of aneuploidy-related developmental abnormalities and diseases.
Control of 3’ splice site selection by the yeast splicing factor Fyv6
Authors: Senn Katherine A , Lipinski Karli A , Zeps Natalie J , Griffin Amory F , Wilkinson Max E , Hoskins Aaron A
Published: September 2024

Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed in two steps: 5’ splice site (SS) cleavage and exon ligation. A number of proteins transiently associate with spliceosomes to specifically impact these steps (1
st
and 2
nd
step factors). We recently identified Fyv6 (FAM192A in humans) as a 2
nd
step factor in
S. cerevisiae
; however, we did not determine how widespread Fyv6’s impact is on the transcriptome. To answer this question, we have used RNA-seq to analyze changes in splicing. These results show that loss of Fyv6 results in activation of non-consensus, branch point (BP) proximal 3’ SS transcriptome-wide. To identify the molecular basis of these observations, we determined a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a yeast product complex spliceosome containing Fyv6 at 2.3 Å. The structure reveals that Fyv6 is the only 2
nd
step factor that contacts the Prp22 ATPase and that Fyv6 binding is mutually exclusive with that of the 1
st
step factor Yju2. We then use this structure to dissect Fyv6 functional domains and interpret results of a genetic screen for
fyv61
suppressor mutations. The combined transcriptomic, structural, and genetic studies allow us to propose a model in which Yju2/Fyv6 exchange facilitates exon ligation and Fyv6 promotes usage of consensus, BP distal 3’ SS.
Hexokinase regulates Mondo-mediated longevity via the PPP and organellar dynamics
Authors: Laboy Raymond , Ndoci Marjana , Vonolfen Maximilian , Ballhysa Eugen , Syed Shamsh Tabrez , Droth Tim , Schilling Klara , Löhrke Anna , Atanassov Ilian , Antebi Adam
Published: September 2024

The transcriptional complex Mondo/Max-like, MML-1/MXL-2, acts as a convergent transcriptional regulatory output of multiple longevity pathways in
Caenorhabditis elegans
. These transcription factors coordinate nutrient sensing with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism across the evolutionary spectrum. While most studies have focused on the downstream outputs, little is known about the upstream inputs that regulate these transcription factors in a live organism. Here, we found that knockdown of various glucose metabolic enzymes decreases MML-1 localization in the nucleus and identified two hexokinase isozymes,
hxk-1
and
hxk-2,
as the most vigorous regulators of MML-1 function. Upon hexokinase knockdown, MML-1 redistributes to mitochondria and lipid droplets (LD) and concomitantly, transcriptional targets are downregulated and germline longevity is abolished. Further, we found that
hxk-1
regulates MML-1 through mitochondrial β-oxidation, while
hxk-2
regulates MML-1 by modulating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and its coordinated association with lipid droplets. Similarly, inhibition of the PPP rescues mammalian MondoA nuclear translocation and transcriptional function upon starvation. These studies reveal how metabolic signals and organellar communication regulate a key convergent metabolic transcription factor to promote longevity.
Resting natural killer cells promote the progress of colon cancer liver metastasis by elevating tumor-derived sSCF
Authors: Mao Chenchen , Chen Yanyu , Xing Dong , Zhang Teming , Lin Yangxuan , Long Cong , Yu Jiaye , Luo Yunhui , Ming Tao , Xie Wangkai , Han Zheng , Mei Dianfeng , Xiang Dan , Lu Mingdong , Shen Xian , Xue Xiangyang
Published: September 2024

The abundance and biological contribution of Natural killer (NK) cells in cancer are controversial. Here, we aim to uncover clinical relevance and cellular roles of NK cells in colon cancer liver metastasis (CCLM)We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-sequencing datasets to investigate NK cells’ biological properties and functions in the microenvironment of primary and liver metastatic tumors. Results were validated through an in vitro co-culture experiment based on bioinformatics analysis.We used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the immune cellular landscape of colon cancer and well-matched liver metastatic cancer. We discovered that GZMK+ resting NK cells increased significantly in tumor tissues and were enriched in the tumor regions of both diseases. After combining bulk RNA and clinical data, we observed that these NK cell subsets contributed to a worse prognosis. Meanwhile, KIR2DL4+ activated NK cells exhibited the opposite position and relevance. Pseudotime cell trajectory analysis revealed the evolution of activated to resting NK cells. In vitro experiments further confirmed that tumor-cell-co-cultured NK cells exhibited a decidual-like status, as evidenced by remarkable increasing CD9 expression. Functional experiments finally revealed that NK cells exhibited tumor-activating characteristics by promoting the dissociation of SCF (stem cell factor) on the tumor cells membrane depending on cell-to-cell interaction, as the supernatant of the co-culture system enhanced tumor progression.Together, our findings revealed a population of protumorigenic NK cells that may be exploited for novel therapeutic strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients with CCLM.
Artesunate, EDTA, and colistin work synergistically against MCR-negative and -positive colistin-resistant Salmonella
Authors: Zhai Yajun , Liu Peiyi , Hu Xueqin , Fan Changjian , Cui Xiaodie , He Qibiao , He Dandan , Ma Xiaoyuan , Hu Gongzheng
Published: September 2024

Discovering new strategies to combat the multidrug-resistant bacteria constitutes a major medical challenge of our time. Previously, artesunate (AS) has been reported to exert antibacterial enhancement activity in combination with β-lactam antibiotics via inhibition of the efflux pump AcrB. However, combination of AS and colistin (COL) revealed a weak synergistic effect against a limited number of strains, and few studies have further explored its possible mechanism of synergistic action. In this article, we found that AS and EDTA could strikingly enhance the antibacterial effects of COL against mcr-1- and mcr-1+ Salmonella strains either in vitro or in vivo, when used in triple combination. The excellent bacteriostatic effect was primarily related to the increased cell membrane damage, accumulation of toxic compounds and inhibition of MCR-1. The potential binding sites of AS to MCR-1 (THR283, SER284, and TYR287) were critical for its inhibition of MCR-1 activity. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the CheA of chemosensory system and virulence-related protein SpvD were critical for the bacteriostatic synergistic effects of the triple combination. Selectively targeting CheA, SpvD, or MCR using the natural compound AS could be further investigated as an attractive strategy for the treatment of Salmonella infection. Collectively, our work opens new avenues toward the potentiation of COL and reveals an alternative drug combination strategy to overcome COL-resistant bacterial infections.
Heterogeneous efflux pump expression underpins phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Lee Ka Kiu , Łapińska Urszula , Tolle Giulia , Phetsang Wanida , Verderosa Anthony D , Invergo Brandon M , Westley Joseph , Bebes Attila , Yuecel Raif , O’Neill Paul A , Farbos Audrey , Jeffries Aaron R , van Houte Stineke , Caboni Pierluigi , Blaskovich Mark AT , Housden Benjamin E , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Pagliara Stefano
Published: September 2024

Antimicrobial resistance threatens the viability of modern medical interventions. There is a dire need of developing novel approaches to counter resistance mechanisms employed by starved or slow-growing pathogens that are refractory to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Antimicrobial peptides have been advocated as potential therapeutic solutions due to low levels of genetic resistance observed in bacteria against these compounds. However, here we show that subpopulations of stationary phase
Escherichia coli
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
survive tachyplesin treatment without genetic mutations. These phenotypic variants induce efflux, outer membrane vesicles secretion and membrane modifications in response to tachyplesin exposure, sequestering the peptide in their membranes where it cannot exert its antimicrobial activity. We discovered that formation of these phenotypic variants could be prevented by administering tachyplesin in combination with sertraline, a clinically used antidepressant, suggesting a novel approach for combatting antimicrobial-refractory stationary phase bacteria.
Weighing up the options: experiences in applying decision science from a large-scale conservation program
Authors: Lee-Kiorgaard Heather J. , Stuart Stephanie A. , Lawson James R. , Bulger David W. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Nipperess David A. , Cornwell Will K. , Boomer Jessica J. , Francis Roxanne J. , Brazill-Boast James
Published: September 2024

The need to make evidence-based decisions in conservation planning for threatened species in the face of limited resources and knowledge is widely recognised as a growing challenge. Increasingly sophisticated decision-support tools and approaches are available to conservation programs. The ability of conservation planners to effectively implement these tools will be key to incorporating complex information into threatened species management. The development of effective decision science approaches does not end when they are made available to planners. Planner and practitioner input into their use and outputs is an important part of incorporating these tools into on-ground conservation.

The New South Wales Saving our Species program is a large-scale conservation program with jurisdiction over more than 1100 threatened species, ecological communities and populations. We discuss why co-design is key to successful implementation of decision science in program-level planning; this approach has supported the Saving our Species program to account for forms of knowledge that may otherwise be ignored by data driven optimisation.

This paper focuses on the role of conservation planners in developing and applying decision tools. We present three case studies that deployed tools co-developed for the Saving our Species program. Through these case studies, we suggest that effective conservation planning can be best achieved through (1) narrowing down the number of options under consideration, by eliminating sub-optimal choices (2) supporting decision-makers to understand the relative advantages and disadvantages of the choices under consideration and (3) enhancing the effectiveness of decision-support tools by integrating practitioner expertise into their application.
Development and Performance Evaluation of an Economical Solar Still for Water Purification
Authors: Kumar Shravan , Chowdhury Manojit , Kushwah Ajay , Ansh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Kishan , Chouhan Pooja , Khatri Sanjay , Kumar Manish , Yumnam Chetan
Published: September 2024

Aim: The study aims to address the global challenge of clean water scarcity by exploring a cost-effective and efficient solar still for purifying various types of contaminated water using solar energy.
Methodology: An experimental investigation was conducted using a solar still designed with acrylic sheets, an inner mirrored surface, and aluminum fins. The study evaluated the solar still's performance in purifying seawater, brackish water, and polluted water, comparing input and output water quality. The experiments were carried out with and without aluminum fins, using a solar still with an area of 0.25 m².
Results: The solar still successfully reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, and pH of the input water. For seawater with an initial TDS of 14,700 PPM, salinity of 18.13 PSU, and pH of 9.15, the output values were 15 PPM TDS, 0.01 PSU salinity, and a pH of 7.4. The highest water volumes were achieved with aluminum fins: 410 ml for seawater, 380 ml for brackish water, and 380 ml for polluted water, compared to 170 ml without fins. The maximum water yield of 1.64 l/m2 was achieved for sea water using this solar still.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the solar still, particularly when equipped with aluminum fins, effectively transforms high-TDS, high-salinity, and high-pH water into clean, potable water. The findings suggest that solar distillation is a viable solution for producing safe drinking water from contaminated sources.
New insights into the mineralogy of the Atlantis II Deep metalliferous sediments, Red Sea
Authors: Laurila Tea E. , Hannington Mark D. , Leybourne Matthew , Petersen Sven , Devey Colin W. , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter
Published: December 2015

The Atlantis II Deep of the Red Sea hosts the largest known hydrothermal ore deposit on the ocean floor and the only modern analog of brine pool‐type metal deposition. The deposit consists mainly of chemical‐clastic sediments with input from basin‐scale hydrothermal and detrital sources. A characteristic feature is the millimeter‐scale layering of the sediments, which bears a strong resemblance to banded iron formation (BIF). Quantitative assessment of the mineralogy based on relogging of archived cores, detailed petrography, and sequential leaching experiments shows that Fe‐(oxy)hydroxides, hydrothermal carbonates, sulfides, and authigenic clays are the main “ore” minerals. Mn‐oxides were mainly deposited when the brine pool was more oxidized than it is today, but detailed logging shows that Fe‐deposition and Mn‐deposition also alternated at the scale of individual laminae, reflecting short‐term fluctuations in the Lower Brine. Previous studies underestimated the importance of nonsulfide metal‐bearing components, which formed by metal adsorption onto poorly crystalline Si‐Fe‐OOH particles. During diagenesis, the crystallinity of all phases increased, and the fine layering of the sediment was enhanced. Within a few meters of burial (corresponding to a few thousand years of deposition), biogenic (Ca)‐carbonate was dissolved, manganosiderite formed, and metals originally in poorly crystalline phases or in pore water were incorporated into diagenetic sulfides, clays, and Fe‐oxides. Permeable layers with abundant radiolarian tests were the focus for late‐stage hydrothermal alteration and replacement, including deposition of amorphous silica and enrichment in elements such as Ba and Au.
SKS splitting beneath Transportable Array stations in eastern North America and the signature of past lithospheric deformation
Authors: Long Maureen D. , Jackson Kenneth G. , McNamara John F.
Published: December 2015

Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath continental interiors is generally complicated, with contributions from both the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Previous studies of SKS splitting beneath the eastern United States have yielded evidence for complex and laterally variable anisotropy, but until the recent arrival of the USArray Transportable Array (TA) the station coverage has been sparse. Here we present SKS splitting measurements at TA stations in eastern North America and compare the measured fast directions with indicators such as absolute plate motion, surface geology, and magnetic lineations. We find few correlations between fast directions and absolute plate motion, except in the northeastern U.S. and southern Canada, where some stations exhibit variations in apparent splitting with backazimuth that would suggest multiple layers of anisotropy. A region of the southeastern U.S. is dominated by null SKS arrivals over a range of backazimuths, consistent with previous work. We document a pattern of fast directions parallel to the Appalachian mountain chain, suggesting a contribution from lithospheric deformation associated with Appalachian orogenesis. Overall, our measurements suggest that upper mantle anisotropy beneath the eastern United States is complex, with likely contributions from both asthenospheric and lithospheric anisotropy in many regions.
Size separation method for absorption characterization in brown carbon: Application to an aged biomass burning sample
Authors: Di Lorenzo Robert A. , Young Cora J.
Published: December 2015

The majority of brown carbon (BrC) in atmospheric aerosols is derived from biomass burning (BB) and is primarily composed of extremely low volatility organic carbons. We use two chromatographic methods to compare the contribution of large and small light‐absorbing BrC components in aged BB aerosols with UV‐vis absorbance detection: (1) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and (2) reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. We observe no evidence of small molecule absorbers. Most BrC absorption arises from large molecular weight components (>1000 amu). This suggests that although small molecules may contribute to BrC absorption near the BB source, analyses of aerosol extracts should use methods selective to large molecular weight compounds because these species may be responsible for long‐term BrC absorption. Further characterization with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to SEC demonstrates an underestimation of the molecular size determined through MS as compared to SEC.