bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo-Oxidation of Tetracycline Adsorbed in Clayand in Aqueous Suspension
Authors: Osajima Josy Anteveli , da Silva Filho Edson Cavalcanti , Belhouchat Norel H. , Gil Esperanza C. , Iborra Cesar A.V.
Published: September 2018

The resistance of some compounds to conventional treatments engenders the search for alternative methods, such as photo-oxidation. Antibiotics and photo-producers are found in the environment, indicating that these compounds are persistent. This work had as its goal to investigate the photo-oxidation of the antibiotic named tetracycline hydrochloride adsorbed in montmorilloniteclay (VHS) and into aqueous suspension. In order to irradiate the interaction products 0,03g were weighed and put in a petri dish to be collected on pre-determined times. The extraction of the drug was made by adding 10 mL of distilled water and put on the ultrasound for 2 hours. The suspensions were prepared by using 200 mL of the concentration from 25mgL-1of tetracycline in 1gL-1g of clay in a borosilicate reactor. This system was stirred in the dark during 1 hour in order to achieve its balance. The samples were radiated by using an Ultra-Vitalux UV lamp, with 300 W for 2 hours. The kinetics were followed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, monitored in 359 nm, in the maximum wavelength of the drug. The suspensions showed a degradation twice as fast when compared to the interaction product, for the rate of degradation of this system was 24%. This decrease on the concentration may have been caused by the hydroxyl radicals generated by the photolysis of the iron hydroxide II. Hence, one concludes that in the case of the system in suspension it was more effective to the photo-oxidation of this antibiotic. Although, there is the need for increasing the exposure time of the interaction product in order to verify possible structural changes of this system by DRX.
Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Polyaniline onto Monocrystalline Silicon for Glyphosate Herbicide Detection
Authors: Roman R.L. , Turmena E.M. , Nagi L. , Silva L.L. , Fernandes S.C. , Dal Magro J. , Mello J.M.M. , Fiori Márcio Antônio
Published: September 2018

In this work a special electrode configuration with potential application in enzymatic biosensors for the detection of glyphosate was studied. The enzyme used was Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP), which was immobilized on a polyaniline film (PAni), electrodeposited on the surface of the n-type monocrystalline silicon electrode. PAni has the ability to bind to biomolecules and thereby potentiate their biocatalytic properties by favoring the transfer of electrons between enzyme and substrate. Monocrystalline silicon is one of the most used materials in electronic technology due to its semiconductor character. In this work, different parameters were investigated in the electrode preparation, including concentration of polyaniline in the electrodeposition solutions, as well as the electrodeposition times and potentials. The response of the electrode as biosensor was evaluated by the electric current density characteristic of hydroquinone oxidation in the presence of standardized glyphosate solutions. The peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of hydroquinone to the o-quinone form in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In turn, glyphosate inhibits the activity of HRP and causes a reduction of the electric current density in the biosensor electrode. The results obtained with glyphosate using the proposed method are in agreement with the literature and show that the n-Si/PAni/HRP biosensor maintains the catalytic activity and is of considerable interest due to the simple procedure in practical applications and a promising platform for the lack of environmental monitoring for these contaminants.
Structural and Thermal Studies of Titanium Dioxide Gel Modified with Anatase Isostructural Zircon Silicate
Authors: de Carli Eduardo Felipe , da Cruz Natali Amarante , Garcia Hiana Muniz , Stropa Jusinei Meireles , Favarin Lis Regiane Vizolli , Muchulek Junior Amilcar , de Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva , Cavalheiro Alberto Adriano
Published: September 2018

Important changes in anatase crystal structure are responsible for the consequent anatase-to-rutile phase transition in titanium dioxide powders. In order to investigate several structural rearrangements occurring in anatase phase obtained by hydrolysis-based method such as Sol-Gel method the X-ray diffraction techniques followed by Rietveld method seems to better approach. Several alterations in anatase lattice parameters can occur by doping insertion and the investigation of isostructural zircon silicate can provide interesting ones. In the present paper, the monitoring of anatase structure reordering and the consequent anatase-to-rutile phase transition along the thermal treatment up to higher temperatures were monitored carrying out DSC and XRD characterizations. The insertion of 6 mol% of zircon silicate leads to the fully anatase stabilization up to 900 °C due the control of ordering process, even that a continuous increasing in anatase tetragonality is present during the entire process. We can conclude the reconstructive anatase-to-rutile phase transition is delayed to very higher temperatures can consequence of more stable cross-linked metal oxide bond in anatase phase.
Morphological, Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Copper-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Licurgo Juliana Simões Chagas , Paes Junior Herval Ramos
Published: September 2018

In this work, copper-doped zinc oxide films (ZnO:Cu) were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrates. The influence of doping concentration (0-10 at.%) on morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Cu films was investigated. Electrical characterization consisted in measuring the variation of electrical conductivity with temperature; they presented a typical semiconductor material behavior. Based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was able to confirm that the films are polycrystalline having a wurtzite hexagonal structure, preferentially oriented in the c-axis (002), and the crystallite size ranged from 41.60 to 50.70 nm. The optical characterization revealed that ZnO:Cu films present band gap energy between 3.18 and 3.27 eV. The films were homogeneous with good adhesion to the substrate. The results indicate the viability of using them in optoelectronic devices.
Evaluation of the Structural, Photonic and Morphologic Effects Caused by Zinc Doping in the Titanium Dioxide Powder Samples Obtained by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: de Queiroz Joice Ferreira , dos Santos Silvanice Aparecida Lopes , Herrero Aline Souza , Martines Marco Antonio Utrera , Cavalheiro Alberto Adriano , de Oliveira Lincoln Carlos Silva
Published: September 2018

The anatase phase of titanium dioxide ceramic material plays important rule in heterogeneous photocatalysis, beside the global phase amount and powder morphology. Some of structural parameters are useful to predict several properties, including the crystallization process and mechanism of the irreversible anatase-to-rutile phase transition. The photocatalytic process is based on charge transference from electron-hole pair to material surface, starting some redox reactions in aqueous media. The stable positive defects harm the recombination event and improve the final properties of that material. Modifiers with lower oxidation state than titanium (IV) is applicable for this purpose, what idea becomes the objective of this work. The Sol-Gel method was used to prepare bare and zinc doped-titanium dioxide powder samples reaching good compositional homogeneity for both samples calcined at 500 oC for 4 hours. Rietveld refinement carried out from raw x-ray diffraction patterns was used to demonstrate the formation of solid solution between zinc and titanium oxides. Besides that result, the determination of bandgap energy and SEM images corroborated the structural changes caused by zinc insertion in anatase phase and important difference in powder morphology was observed for zinc doped powder samples in order to reduce the agglomeration degree for better performance for heterogeneous photocatalysis applications.
Estimate of the Nanoparticles Size of Magnetite Produced by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Paresque Mara Carolina do Carmo , de Oliveira Elizabeth Mendes , Liuzzi Marina de Almeida S.C. , de Castro José Adilson , de Campos Marcos Flavio
Published: September 2018

In the present study, Fe3O4nanoparticles type/core layer were synthesized by co-precipitation wet method and coated with a polymer mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG). It was performed a study about the effect of duration in maceration time on the final size of nanoparticles in in order to get reaching the maximum condition of disintegration of the crystals. The samples were synthesized according to the same procedure and amount of reactants used synthetic sequence for all samples, only varying the time spent by each sample maceration process done after synthesis. The different times for the maceration samples were 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 20 minutes and finally 30 minutes. The nanoparticles were characterized by Nanosight, DR-X, rietvield analysis and hysteresis curves plotter techniques. The results showed that the grain size of the particles stabilizes at maceration times of more than 20 minutes. The samples presented a satisfactory hysteresis curve indicating the presence of superparamagnetic behavior expected in hyperthermia treatment.
Новые оценки расстояния по вариации между двумя распределениями выборки
Authors: Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich
Published: September 2018

Для выборки, состоящей из независимых одинаково распределенных случайных величин, получены новые верхние и нижние оценки в виде неравенств для расстояний по вариации между двумя ее распределениями. В случаях, когда эти расстояния малы, оценки пропорциональны расстоянию по вариации между распределениями элементов выборки и квадратному корню из объема выборки; коэффициенты пропорциональности зависят от распределений элементов выборки. Результаты представляют интерес для получения оценок объема выборки, необходимого для различения двух близких статистических гипотез.
Network Layer
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: September 2018

SAE J1939-31 Network Layer describes the requirements and services for Network Interconnection ECUs (NIECU) that enable electronic control units (ECUs) on a network segment to intercommunicate with other ECUs on different network segments of the vehicle network. This document defines various types of NIECUs. The information in this document applies only to ECUs that are intended to provide networking services. It is not necessary for an ECU to provide any of these services in order to be compliant with the SAE J1939 protocol.
Three globalizations, not two: rethinking the history and economics of trade and globalization
Authors: Palley Thomas I.
Published: September 2018

The conventional wisdom is that there have been two globalizations in the modern era. The first began around 1870 and ended in 1914. The second began in 1945 and is still under way. This paper challenges that view and argues that there have been three globalizations, not two. The first half of the paper provides empirical evidence for the three-globalizations hypothesis. The second half discusses its analytical implications. The Victorian first globalization and the Keynesian-era second globalization were driven by gains from trade, and those gains increased industrialized country real wages. The neoliberal third globalization has been driven by industrial reorganization motivated by distributional conflict. Trade theory does not explain the third globalization; capital's share has increased at the expense of labor's; and there can be no presumption of mutually beneficial country gains from the third globalization.
Underdevelopment and unregulated markets: why free markets do not lead to catching-up*
Authors: Herr Hansjörg
Published: September 2018

After World War II, only a few developing countries were able to catch up to the real GDP per capita levels prevailing in developed countries. These successful countries in almost all cases were in Asia and did not follow the free-market doctrine in the tradition of the Washington Consensus. There must be theoretical explanations as to why underdevelopment is reproduced and most countries in the world do not catch up. This essay reviews different economic approaches that attempt to explain the lack of convergence. The aim is to explain why neither trade based on comparative advantages, nor on economies of scale, nor in global value chains, can cure the lack of sufficient productivity development. The essay will also cover special features like negative terms-of-trade effects, abundance of scarce resources, and premature de-industrialisation. Also distorted financial systems, high inequality, and restrictions on macroeconomic demand management are briefly discussed. As most developing countries suffer from several of these factors, this approach can explain why development is only possible with the support of comprehensive regulatory government policies and a change in global governance.
Searching for profit-shifting in China
Authors: Qian Xuefeng , Tian Bifei , Reed W. Robert , Chen Ziruo
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates profit-shifting behavior among multinational corporations (MNCs) in China. The authors exploit the flat-rate structure of China’s corporate income tax, along with its system of targeted, preferential rates, to estimate the relationship between profits and tax rates. Their sample consists of approximately 60,000 observations of foreign-owned MNCs from the years 2005–2009. Using the traditional approach of regressing before-tax profits on tax rates, the authors find evidence consistent with profit-shifting. However, this approach is suspect because the nature of China’s tax preferences makes it especially vulnerable to omitted variable bias. Accordingly, the authors employ finite mixture modelling to search for the existence of a group of profitshifting MNCs. While their analysis identifies two types of firms, subsequent investigation failed to produce any evidence linking these to profit-shifting behavior. Robustness checks exploiting the panel nature of the dataset, along with further investigation of investmenttax elasticities, confirm the authors´ null finding of profit-shifting. One reason for the lack of profit-shifting among Chinese MNCs may be that corporate tax rates were relatively low during this period.
Changes in the aerosol direct radiative forcing from 2001 to 2015: observational constraints and regional mechanisms
Authors: Paulot Fabien , Paynter David , Ginoux Paul , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry W.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present estimates of changes in the direct aerosol effects (DRE) and its
anthropogenic component (DRF) from 2001 to 2015 using the GFDL
chemistry–climate model AM3 driven by CMIP6 historical emissions. AM3 is
evaluated against observed changes in the clear-sky shortwave direct aerosol
effect (DREswclr) derived from the Clouds and
the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) over polluted regions. From 2001 to
2015, observations suggest that DREclrsw
increases (i.e., less radiation is scattered to space by aerosols) over
western Europe (0.7–1 W m−2 decade−1) and the eastern US
(0.9–1.4 W m−2 decade−1), decreases over India (−1 to
−1.6 W m−2 decade−1), and does not change significantly over
eastern China. AM3 captures these observed regional changes in
DREclrsw well in the US and western Europe,
where they are dominated by the decline of sulfate aerosols, but not in Asia,
where the model overestimates the decrease of
DREclrsw. Over India, the model bias can be
partly attributed to a decrease of the dust optical depth, which is not
captured by our model and offsets some of the increase of anthropogenic
aerosols. Over China, we find that the decline of SO2 emissions
after 2007 is not represented in the CMIP6 emission inventory. Accounting for
this decline, using the Modular Emission Inventory for China, and for the
heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 significantly reduces the model
bias. For both India and China, our simulations indicate that nitrate and
black carbon contribute more to changes in
DREclrsw than in the US and Europe. Indeed,
our model suggests that black carbon (+0.12 W m−2) dominates the
relatively weak change in DRF from 2001 to 2015 (+0.03 W m−2). Over
this period, the changes in the forcing from nitrate and sulfate are both
small and of the same magnitude (−0.03 W m−2 each). This is in sharp
contrast to the forcing from 1850 to 2001 in which forcings by sulfate and
black carbon largely cancel each other out, with minor contributions from
nitrate. The differences between these time periods can be well understood
from changes in emissions alone for black carbon but not for nitrate and
sulfate; this reflects non-linear changes in the photochemical production of
nitrate and sulfate associated with changes in both the magnitude and spatial
distribution of anthropogenic emissions.
Evaluating the diurnal cycle of South Atlantic stratocumulus clouds as observed by MSG SEVIRI
Authors: Seethala Chellappan , Meirink Jan Fokke , Horváth Ákos , Bennartz Ralf , Roebeling Rob
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Marine stratocumulus (Sc) clouds play an essential role in the earth radiation budget. Here, we compare liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical thickness (τ), and cloud droplet effective radius (re) retrievals from 2 years of collocated Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observations; estimate the effect of biomass burning smoke on passive imager retrievals; and evaluate the diurnal cycle of South Atlantic marine Sc clouds.The effect of absorbing aerosols from biomass burning on the retrievals was investigated using the aerosol index (AI) obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). SEVIRI and MODIS LWPs were found to decrease with increasing AI relative to TMI LWP, consistent with well-known negative visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) retrieval biases in τ and re. In the aerosol-affected months of July–August–September, SEVIRI LWP – based on the 1.6 µm re – was biased low by 14 g m−2 ( ∼ 16 %) compared to TMI in overcast scenes, while MODIS LWP showed a smaller low bias of 4 g m−2 ( ∼ 5 %) for the 1.6 µm channel and a high bias of 8 g m−2 ( ∼ 10 %) for the 3.7 µm channel compared to TMI. Neglecting aerosol-affected pixels reduced the mean SEVIRI–TMI LWP bias considerably. For 2 years of data, SEVIRI LWP had a correlation with TMI and MODIS LWP of about 0.86 and 0.94, respectively, and biases of only 4–8 g m−2 (5 %–10 %) for overcast cases.The SEVIRI LWP diurnal cycle was in good overall agreement with TMI except in the aerosol-affected months. Both TMI and SEVIRI LWP decreased from morning to late afternoon, after which a slow increase was observed. Terra and Aqua MODIS mean LWPs also suggested a similar diurnal variation. The relative amplitude of the 2-year-mean and seasonal-mean LWP diurnal cycle varied between 35 % and 40 % from morning to late afternoon for overcast cases. The diurnal variation in SEVIRI LWP was mainly due to changes in τ, while re showed only little diurnal variability.
A comprehensive characterization of ice nucleation by three different types of cellulose particles immersed in water: lessons learned and future research directions
Authors: Hiranuma Naruki , Adachi Kouji , Bell David , Belosi Franco , Beydoun Hassan , Bhaduri Bhaskar , Bingemer Heinz , Budke Carsten , Clemen Hans-Christian , Conen Franz , Cory Kimberly , Curtius Joachim , DeMott Paul , Eppers Oliver , Grawe Sarah , Hartmann Susan , Hoffmann Nadine , Höhler Kristina , Jantsch Evelyn , Kiselev Alexei , Koop Thomas , Kulkarni Gourihar , Mayer Amelie , Murakami Masataka , Murray Benjamin , Nicosia Alessia , Petters Markus , Piazza Matteo , Polen Michael , Reicher Naama , Rudich Yinon , Saito Atsushi , Santachiara Gianni , Schiebel Thea , Schill Gregg , Schneider Johannes , Segev Lior , Stopelli Emiliano , Sullivan Ryan , Suski Kaitlyn , Szakáll Miklós , Tajiri Takuya , Taylor Hans , Tobo Yutaka , Weber Daniel , Wex Heike , Whale Thomas , Whiteside Craig , Yamashita Katsuya , Zelenyuk Alla , Möhler Ottmar
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present the laboratory results of immersion freezing efficiencies of cellulose particles at supercooled temperature (T) conditions. Three types of chemically homogeneous cellulose samples are used as surrogates that represent supermicron and submicron ice nucleating plant structural polymers. These samples include micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC), fibrous cellulose (FC) and nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC). Our experimental data show that particles resembling the MCC lab particle occur also in the atmosphere. Our immersion freezing dataset includes data from various ice nucleation measurement techniques available at seventeen different institutions, including nine dry dispersion and eleven aqueous suspension techniques. With a total of twenty methods, we performed systematic accuracy and precision analysis of measurements from all twenty measurement techniques by evaluating T-binned (1 °C) data over a wide T range (−36 °C
A sampler for atmospheric volatile organic compounds by
copter unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: McKinney Karena A. , Wang Daniel , Ye Jianhuai , de Fouchier Jean-Baptiste , Guimarães Patricia C. , Batista Carla E. , Souza Rodrigo A. F. , Alves Eliane G. , Gu Dasa , Guenther Alex B. , Martin Scot T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. A sampler for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was developed for deployment on a copter-technology unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The sampler was designed to collect VOCs on up to five commercially available VOC-adsorbent cartridges for subsequent offline analysis by thermal-desorption gas chromatography. The sampler had a mass of 0.90 kg and dimensions of 19 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm. Power consumption was <3 Wh in a typical 30 min flight, representing <3 % of the total UAV battery capacity. Autonomous sampler operation and data collection in flight were accomplished with a microcontroller. Sampling flows of 100 to 400 sccm were possible, and a typical flow of 150 sccm was used to balance VOC capture efficiency with sample volume. The overall minimum detection limit for the sampling volumes and the analytical method was close to 2 ppt for isoprene and monoterpenes. The sampler was mounted to a commercially available UAV and flown in August 2017 over tropical forest in central Amazonia. Samples were collected sequentially for 10 min each at several different altitude-latitude-longitude collection points. The species identified, their concentrations, and their uncertainties are presented and discussed in the context of the sampler design and capabilities. Finally, design challenges and possibilities for next-generation samplers are addressed.
Validation of Clyde River SuperDARN radar velocity measurements with the RISR-C
incoherent scatter radar
Authors: Koustov Alexander , Gillies Robert , Bankole Peter
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The study considers simultaneous plasma velocity measurements in the eastward direction carried out by the Clyde River SuperDARN HF radar and Resolute Bay incoherent scatter radar RISR-C. The HF velocities are found to be in reasonable agreement with RISR velocities up to magnitudes of 700–800 m/s while for faster flows, the HF velocity magnitudes are noticeably smaller. The plasma flows eastward component inferred from SuperDARN convection maps (constructed for the area of joint measurements) shows the effect of smaller HF velocities even at smaller velocities. We show that the differences between the instruments can be significant and prolonged for observations of strongly-sheared plasma flows.
Eddy covariance flux errors due to random and systematic timing errors during data acquisition
Authors: Fratini Gerardo , Sabbatini Simone , Ediger Kevin , Riensche Brad , Burba George , Nicolini Giacomo , Vitale Domenico , Papale Dario
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Modern eddy covariance (EC) systems collect high-frequency data (10–20 Hz)
via digital outputs of instruments.
This is an important evolution with respect to the traditional and widely
used mixed analog/digital systems, as fully digital systems help overcome
the traditional limitations of transmission reliability, data quality, and
completeness of the datasets. However, fully digital acquisition introduces a new problem for guaranteeing
data synchronicity when the clocks of the involved devices themselves cannot
be synchronized, which is often the case with instruments providing data via
serial or Ethernet connectivity in a streaming mode. In this paper, we
suggest that, when assembling EC systems “in-house”, aspects related to
timing issues need to be carefully considered to avoid significant flux
biases. By means of a simulation study, we found that, in most cases, random timing
errors can safely be neglected, as they do not impact fluxes significantly.
At the same time, systematic timing errors potentially arising in
asynchronous systems can effectively act as filters leading to significant
flux underestimations, as large as 10 %, by means of attenuation of
high-frequency flux contributions. We characterized the transfer function of
such “filters” as a function of the error magnitude and found cutoff
frequencies as low as 1 Hz, implying that synchronization errors can
dominate high-frequency attenuations in open- and enclosed-path EC systems.
In most cases, such timing errors neither be detected nor characterized
a posteriori. Therefore, it is important to test the ability of traditional
and prospective EC data logging systems to assure the required synchronicity
and propose a procedure to implement such a test relying on readily
available equipment.
The SISAL database: a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems
Authors: Atsawawaranunt Kamolphat , Comas-Bru Laia , Amirnezhad Mozhdehi Sahar , Deininger Michael , Harrison Sandy P. , Baker Andy , Boyd Meighan , Kaushal Nikita , Ahmad Syed Masood , Ait Brahim Yassine , Arienzo Monica , Bajo Petra , Braun Kerstin , Burstyn Yuval , Chawchai Sakonvan , Duan Wuhui , Hatvani István Gábor , Hu Jun , Kern Zoltán , Labuhn Inga , Lachniet Matthew , Lechleitner Franziska A. , Lorrey Andrew , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Pickering Robyn , Scroxton Nick ,   SISAL Working Group Members
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Stable isotope
records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most
particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in
precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly
being used to provide “out-of-sample” evaluations of isotope-enabled
climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an
international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The
working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem
isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL
database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system.
Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C)
measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional
tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used
to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the
quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across
different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information,
information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem
and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of
the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data.
The compiled data are available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.147.
Role of nonlinear interaction between water and plant in stability analysis of nonspatial plants
Authors: Sun Guodong , Zeng Xiaodong
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this study, a theoretical ecosystem model is applied to discuss a stability of plant using linear and nonlinear methods. Two common linear methods are employed to analyze a linear stability of plant through judging the positive or negative of eigenvalues (Lyapunov method), and solving a linear singular vector (LSV). To explore the nonlinear stability of plant, a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach is used. The CNOP, which is a type of initial perturbation, could cause the nonlinearly most unstable for an equilibrium state. The CNOP is a nonlinear development of the LSV which is the rapidest initial perturbation with a linear framework. The numerical results show that two linear stable equilibrium states (plant and desert) with the linear methods are nonlinear unstable with the CNOP method. When there is large enough magnitude of initial perturbation, the linear stable plant (desert) equilibrium state will be evolved into desert (plant) equilibrium state using the CNOP-type initial perturbation. This character disappears using the LSV-type initial perturbation. The above results are effective for two types of plant, namely grasslands and trees. Through analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of the theoretical model, it is found that the nonlinear interaction between plant and water play more important role to a transitions between two equilibriums states than the evaporation and the plant losses expressed by linear terms in the theoretical model. The findings could be exhibited by using the nonlinear method (the CNOP method), but fail by using the linear methods.
Radiational tides: their double-counting in storm surge forecasts and contribution to the Highest Astronomical Tide
Authors: Williams Joanne , Irazoqui Apecechea Maialen , Saulter Andrew , Horsburgh Kevin J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Tide predictions based on tide-gauge observations are not just
the astronomical tides; they also contain radiational tides –
periodic sea-level changes due to atmospheric conditions and solar forcing. This poses a
problem of double-counting for operational forecasts of total water level
during storm surges. In some surge forecasting, a regional model is run in
two modes: tide only, with astronomic forcing alone; and tide and surge,
forced additionally by surface winds and pressure. The surge residual is
defined to be the difference between these configurations and is added to the
local harmonic predictions from gauges. Here we use the Global Tide and Surge
Model (GTSM) based on Delft-FM to investigate this in the UK and elsewhere,
quantifying the weather-related tides that may be double-counted in
operational forecasts. We show that the global
S2 atmospheric tide is captured by the
tide-and-surge model and observe changes in other major constituents,
including M2. The Lowest and Highest Astronomical Tide levels,
used in navigation datums and design heights, are derived from tide
predictions based on observations. We use our findings on radiational tides
to quantify the extent to which these levels may contain weather-related
components.
A scatterometer record of sea ice extents and backscatter: 1992–2016
Authors: Belmonte Rivas Maria , Otosaka Ines , Stoffelen Ad , Verhoef Anton
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the first long-term climate data record of sea ice extents and backscatter derived from intercalibrated satellite scatterometer missions (ERS, QuikSCAT and ASCAT) extending from 1992 to the present date (Verhoef et al., 2018). This record provides a valuable independent account of the evolution of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extents, one that is in excellent agreement with the passive microwave records during the fall and winter months but shows higher sensitivity to lower concentration and melting sea ice during the spring and summer months. The scatterometer record also provides a depiction of sea ice backscatter at C- and Ku-bands, allowing the separation of seasonal and perennial sea ice in the Arctic and further differentiation between second-year (SY) and older multiyear (MY) ice classes, revealing the emergence of SY ice as the dominant perennial ice type after the historical sea ice loss in 2007 and bearing new evidence on the loss of multiyear ice in the Arctic over the last 25 years. The relative good agreement between the backscatter-based sea ice (FY, SY and older MY) classes and the ice thickness record from Cryosat suggests its applicability as a reliable proxy in the historical reconstruction of sea ice thickness in the Arctic.
Learning to Become a Science Talent
Authors: Olesen Jesper Stilling
Published: September 2018

The article focuses on the concept of talent and its enactment in a science talent program. The article investigates how students become a particular kind of knowing subject through their participation in a science talent program at the Mærsk McKinney Science Centre in Denmark. Drawing on concepts from new materialist studies (Latour 1993; Blok & Ellgaard Jensen 2009; Fox & Alldred 2017) the article explores the relationship between the possibilities for distribution that are offered to the participants, and the ways in which the participants respond by centering and decentering within the talent network (Mialet 2008, 2012). The study contributes to our understanding of, how the increased focus on talent development in many national educational systems influences basic preconceptions of what a science student is and how the knowing subject in society should treat science, by looking into the micro-politics of talent development.
Milton's “Fit Audience”
Authors: Chernaik Warren
Published: September 2018

In the narrator's evocation of “fit audience … though few,” Paradise Lost responds to Milton's immediate circumstances in Restoration England. Yet the desire to find, encourage, or create a “fit audience,” coupled with a conviction that such an audience will necessarily be “few” in number, remained a preoccupation of Milton's throughout his career. Looking closely at Milton's prose works, from Areopagitica to The Readie and Easie Way, and at the language of the “fit” and “few” in poetry up to and beyond Paradise Lost, this article traces Milton's complex and evolving concept of a fit audience. As Milton's confidence in the people themselves decreases, he increasingly depends on divine aid to find or create that fit audience.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: September 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2018
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: September 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3
Een bijzondere groep daders: vrouwelijke langgestraften na afloop van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland
Authors: Stuifbergen Jantien
Published: September 2018

The female perpetrators of the Second World War. The Case of the Netherlands

Early literature on female perpetrators of World War II focused on labelling the accused as deranged psychopaths, thereby distinguishing the group of perpetrators from the vast subdued and ‘normal’ population. While this perception has changed over the past decades, the perception of female perpetrators has remained limited either way, women are denied having a lot of agency when perpetrating crimes in conflict. Similar to the ‘mad Nazi’-theory these narratives imply that female perpetrators are different from ‘ordinary’ women, as their actions collide with notions of ideal femininity. This empirical research has shown that in the case of female perpetrators of World War II in the Netherlands it seems that they can be seen as ordinary women operating in extraordinary circumstances. In this study, a special group of female war criminals is described. Against the background of early post-war imaging of such women and more recent research on female perpetration during wartime, an analysis of Dutch perpetrators who received severe punishments after the War, is made. Based on unique historical data, the criminal career of these women as World War II perpetrators is analysed. The outcomes show that a notable part already had a criminal record before the war and that the perception of who they were and why they acted the way they did needs reconsideration, since they were not psychologically weak and incompetent. They were generally young, unemployed and low educated and they planned and committed their crimes of treasons in order to create better living conditions for themselves. In fact, one can claim that these women are likely to be ordinary people influenced by dispositional and situational factors.
Overnachten in een politiecel
Authors: Geijsen Koen , Kop Nicolien , de Ruiter Corine
Published: September 2018

Staying overnight in a police cell. A study on suspects’ psychological wellbeing and sleep problems

This study explores the influence of police detention centres environments on police suspects’ psychological wellbeing and sleep problems. Results showed that suspects detained in a police cell experience a decreased psychological wellbeing, that they sleep poorly, and that their psychological wellbeing is related to sleep problems. Implications for police detention in relation to suspects’ psychological wellbeing and sleep problems, as well as directions for future research on police detention centre environments, are discussed.
The unusual case of neck lymphadenopathy - oculoglandular form of tularemia
Authors: Baranowska-Kempisty Katarzyna , Kluz-Zawadzka Jolanta , Warzybok-Bajda Sylwia , Szuber Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Tularemia is anthropozoonosis caused by Bacteria Francisella tularensis a gram negative, non-motile aerobic bacillus.[5][8] The bacteria is transmitted mostly by rabbits, hares, rodents and arthropods. The pathogen penetrates into an organism via damaged skin, conjunctiva or mucosa- either through inhalation or ingestion. The clinical manifestations depend on the route of acquisition. Six forms of the disease can be distinguished: ulceroglandular or glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, typhoidal, and intestinal. [11] We present a case report of the rarest oculoglandular form of tularemia. The patient was admitted to the hospital with right pre-auricular swelling, right sided neck lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis and a nodule of the right eyelid. After excluding more common differential diagnoses, an ELISA test was performed and Francisella tularensis antibodies were identified. Patient administered proper antibiotic therapy. Tularemia is a rarely occurring disease in Poland and is nearly never taken into consideration by otolaryngologists when diagnosing patients with neck lymphadenopathy. In clinical practice, otorhinolaryngologists should always consider this infectious zoonosis, especially the oculoglandular and oropharyngeal forms, as delayed diagnosis and treatment may causes serious health consequences in patients. In the future new drug research should be conducted because of the adverse effect of widely used medications specially for children and pregnant woman.
The case of laryngopyocele and acute respiratory disorder
Authors: Gierlotka Agata , Michow Marin
Published: September 2018

Laryngocele is an air-filled or fluid-filled abnormal dilatation of laryngeal saccule. The paper
presents the case of tracheotomy in acute respiratory disorder due to laryngopyocele in a 76-year
old woman. The patient was complaining of swelling of the neck for 3 day before admitting to the hospital. The tracheotomy was performed to quickly secure an airway prior to progression of the swelling. Computed tomography examination showed the presence of a mixed-type laryngocele both sides - on the right air-filled and on the left fluid-filled. First the acute infection was treated with antibiotics and then the laryngopyocele was surgically removed from external approach. The tracheotomy removal was few days after surgery. A review of the literature is also presented.
ENGLISH PRESENT PARTICIPLES AND GERUNDS FUNCTIONING AS ADVERBIALS AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS INTO CZECH
Authors: Šimůnková Renata
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a comparative study of non-finite -ing forms with the aim of justifying their classification into gerunds and present participles. The empirical part focuses on -ing forms functioning as adverbials in contemporary English fiction and their corresponding Czech translations. The study is based on a manually excerpted corpus of works of contemporary English fiction and their translations into Czech. The results have shown present participles are more frequent than gerunds when functioning as adverbials, suggesting functional differences even in the area where they theoretically share a common function. As far as the translations into Czech are concerned, significant differences have been noticed between the two -ing forms, present participles being most commonly translated by means of clauses in a coordinate relation while for gerunds a way of translation which would so significantly prevail has not been identified, but nouns or verbal nouns have been the most common counterparts.
The language of interpersonal interaction: An interdisciplinary approach to assessing and processing vocal and speech data
Authors: Weusthoff Sarah , Gaut Garren , Steyvers Mark , Atkins David C. , Hahlweg Kurt , Hogan Jasara , Zimmermann Tanja , Fischer Melanie S. , Baucom Donald H. , Georgiou Panayiotis , Narayanan Shrikanth , Baucom Brian R.
Published: September 2018

Verbal and non-verbal information is central to social interaction between humans and has been studied intensively in psychology. Especially, dyadic interactions (e.g. between romantic partners or between psychotherapist and patient) are relevant for a number of psychological research areas. However, psychological methods applied so far have not been able to handle the vast amount of data resulting from human interactions, impeding scientific discovery and progress. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach using technology from engineering and computer science to work with continuous data from human communication and interaction on the verbal (e.g. use of words, content) and non-verbal (e.g. vocal features of the human voice) level. Text-mining techniques such as topic models take into account the semantic and syntactic information of written text (such as therapy session transcripts) and its structure and intercorrelations. Speech signal processing focuses on the vocal information in a speaker’s voice (e.g. based on audio- or videotaped interactions). For both areas, an introduction defining the respective method and related procedures, and sample applications from psychological publications complementing or generating behavioral codes (e.g. in addition to cardiovascular indices of arousal or as a form to encode empathy) are provided. We close with a summary on the opportunities and challenges of learning and applying tools from the novel approaches described in this manuscript to different areas of psychological research and provide the interested reader with a list of additional readings on the technical aspects of topic modeling and speech signal processing.
Axisymmetric laminar flow of two-phase medium inside the system of two coaxial pipes
Authors: Kuzmenko Igor , Gourjii Alexandre
Published: September 2018

The problem of the axisymmetric laminar flow of a two-phase (liquid-gas) flow inside the infinite system of coaxial tubes with a circular cross-section located vertically is considered. Analysis of the analytical solution showed that increase in velocity of the gas flow leads to the appearance of the hold-up regime (then the velocity of media at the interface is zero) and flooding regime (when volume flow of liquid is zero). It is discovered that these regimes occur at lower values of the velocity of the gas flow for the heated medium in comparison with the cold medium.
Investigation of dynamic electricity line rating based on neural networks
Authors: Rácz Levente , Németh Bálint
Published: September 2018

The security of supply with a high level of operational safety and security has a prominent role in the domestic and international electricity networks. Due to continuous growth of consumer demand, the integration of renewable energy sources and other related changes in the market issues, a number of problems and challenges with the operation and utilization of the existing network have been identified. The need for a higher level of transmission capacity for the transmission network is one of the major challenges in the electricity network.
Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a new generation of transfer capacity methods that can provide a cost-effective solution for the security of supply problems without re-planning the existing infrastructure background. The currently used Static Line Rating allows operators to calculate transfer capacity determined by the worst-case of the weather conditions on the wires of a particular transmission line. Whereas practical applicability shifts to security, the result of this calculation method is almost 95% of time less than the real permissible load of the overhead lines. This potential can be exploited with the DLR by always adjusting the maximum current that can be transmitted on wires. These maximum current values are calculated from the real-time environmental conditions, thus the DLR does not only provide better security of supply, but also a higher level of availability.
The main issue of the article is to investigate the DLR based on the application of non-analytic computational methods different from the current calculations of the international standards (CIGRE, IEEE). The aim of this research is to create a neural network capable of recognizing patterns based on the weather data of previous years and the actual current values of the wires. In this way, it is not only possible to fine-tune, but also accelerate the applied calculation of maximum load capacity.
Performance characteristics of single-stage biohythane production by immobilized anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Ta Doan Thanh , Lin Chiu Yue , Chu Chen Yeon , Ta Thi Minh Ngoc
Published: September 2018

Biohythane produced via dark fermentation is much greener than hythane that is generated using natural gas. Biohythane production using a single-stage system has potential to increase the economic viability since it requires fewer controls than a two-stage system that has individual acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. This single-stage system is an innovative method in producing biohythane. The present work investigated the performance of a mesophilic single-stage system with a batch mode operation to generate biohythane. The reactor was seeded with hydrogenic and methanogenic bacteria (HB and MB), which were entrapped in κ-carrageenan/ gelatin beads (2%/2% w/w) using the dripping method. The energy yield of 0.41 to 1.48 kJ g–1 glucose and the hydrogen content in biohythane (H2/(H2 + CH4)) of 0.35 to 0.69 were obtained. These results indicate that different biohythane compositions would be obtained by regulating the HB/MB bacteria concentration ratio, substrate concentration and cultivation pH. Moreover, a comparison of two-stages and single-stage systems as well as the challenges were also elucidated.
Quand la créativité suscite la prise de conscience féministe1
Authors: Huart France , Voyeux Manon
Published: September 2018

Les stages de créativité féministe « Un monde couleurs femmes » du mouvement féministe belge Vie féminine proposent aux femmes des milieux populaires d’utiliser une pédagogie croisant techniques artistiques et réflexions pour analyser les inégalités et les discriminations vécues individuellement et collectivement au quotidien. Les auteures se penchent sur l’impact émancipateur de cette méthode sur les participantes : en quoi les stages de créativité féministe développent-ils une pédagogie qui augmente les capacités des femmes pour devenir actrices de leur propre vie, développer leur engagement en société et poser un regard critique sur la société patriarcale afin de s’affranchir des rôles socialement imposés?