bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fish catch composition of selected small scale fishing gears used in the Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Olopade Olaniyi Alaba , Sinclair Nkuene Gbenekanu , Dienye Henry
Published: May 2022

Fish catch composition of some selected small scale fishing gears (gill net, cast net, beach seine and long line) were investigated in Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria from August 2014 to January 2015. A total number of 25 fish species from 18 families were recorded during the study. The Mugilidae with only one species constituted the dominant family while Cichlidae, Lutjanidae, Clupeidae, had three species and Scianidae had two species of fish caught and the remaining families had one species each. Mugil cephalus constituted 28.48% of the total catches followed by C. nigrodigitatus (22.48%). In the dry season M. cephalus forms the major component landings (32.65%), followed by C. nigrodigitatus (26.53%) and S. galilaeus (12.24%) while in the wet season M. cephalus (31.06%), C. nigrodigitatus (18.63%) and T. zillii (11.80%) were the dominant fish species. Cast net was the most efficient fishing gear while gill net was the least efficient. The comparison analysis between the wet and dry seasons using t-test showed no significant difference between dry and wet seasons (t = 0.092, P > 0.05).
Messages of invasive Perccottus glenii individuals eaten by an Esox lucius from the Danube Delta
Authors: Telcean Ilie-Cătălin , Cicort-Lucaciu Alfred-Ştefan
Published: May 2022

In the stomach of a pike from the Danube Delta we have found seven Perccottus glenii individuals. Their message indicated that in the Danube Delta P. glenii has already large population. Also, it proves that in its habitats, the pike can consume numerous individuals of this invasive species. Their gut contents prove that P. glenii hunted near the shores, ingesting numerous terrestrial preys.
Use of artificial substrate in pond culture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): a new approach regarding growth performance and economic return
Authors: Tuly Dilshad Milky , Islam Md. Sherazul , Hasnahena Mst. , Hasan Md. Rezwanul , Hasan Md. Tawhid
Published: May 2022

An experiment was conducted for six months to evaluate the effects of artificial substrates on the survival, growth and production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. The T1 contained locally available bamboo-made substrate both vertical and horizontal and T2 received no substrate. Juvenile prawns (0.40±0.13 g) were stocked at the rate of 19,760 prawns ha-1. The water quality parameters range such as temperature, pH and DO were 22.06-33.45°C, 7.70-8.40 and 4.75-6.15 mgl-1 respectively which was no significant difference (P<0.05) between two treatments. The final weight was 56.48±6.56 g and 45.03±2.11 g in T1 and T2 respectively. The survival rate of T1 was 63.12% which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2 (56.87%). The specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 1.19 % and  1.14 %, 3.15 and 4.39, 0.98 and 0.71 in T1 and T2 respectively which were not significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. The total production and net profit in T1 was 1408 kgha-1 and BDT 117,325 ha-1 which was significantly higher (P>0.05) than T2. Thus growth and survival of prawn juveniles improved in presence of artificial substrate which could be economically viable technique for the freshwater prawn culture.
Status of biosecurity and prevalent parasitic diseases in finfish hatcheries of Jessore, Bangladesh
Authors: Samad Md. Abdus , Ahmed Md. Ridoanul , Adhikary Ripon Kumar , Mondal Shuvagato , Farah Sayed Mohammad
Published: May 2022

The present study was conducted to know the status of biosecurity and prevalent parasitic diseases in finfish hatcheries of Jessore district. The peak season of seed production was found April to May. Management of biosecurity has been practiced to prevent disease outbreaks and exert quite satisfactory. It was observed; hatchery owners cleaned their hatchery units regularly and maintained hygiene (76.66%), water quality (56.66%), disinfected equipments (76.00%), stocked disease free broods (76.00%) and quarantine (56.66%). Prevalence of diseases were- lernaeasis (34.10%), argulosis (23.86%), leeches (11.36%), dactylogyrosis (7.95%), gyrodactylosis (10.23%) and others (12.50%) in brood fish and fry. In broods, average prevalence was 16.67% with 9.25% mortality. Besides average prevalence was 10-15% with 10% mortality in fry. The epizootiological pattern showed the highest frequency of parasitic diseases during winter because of loss of appetites. The study demonstrated that sumithion was used by (93.32%), magic (46.33%), depterax (56.67%), lime with KMnO4 (80.00%), lime with salt (66.67%) and lime- salt- KMnO4 (50.00%) by hatchery owners respectively for treatments. Lack of assistance, proper knowledge and suitable therapeutics with its proper use were the major problems in the hatcheries.
Transmission and pathology of Streptococcus inane in monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in aquaculture of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Mer Mosharraf , Ehsan Amimul , Rahman Md. Anisur , Haq Monjurul , Chowdhury Md. Bazlur Rashid
Published: May 2022

Streptococcus iniae is a major fish pathogen, recently emergent outbreaks were recorded in commercially cultured monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) result in significant losses termed “streptococcosis”-causes unusual appearances with multi-focal pin-point haemorrhages, abscesses, necrosis and ascites in skin, fin, muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, blood, interstitial fluid specially in central nervous system and brain. This disease was more prevalent (>26%) at summer when the water temperature was approximately >25oC, percentage of mortality was higher >41% during the overcrowding and improper water chemistry. Raised levels of glucose and ammonium in blood serum causes reduced number of free blood cells released into the haemolymph to stomach and gut, result in refrain from eating in diseased tilapia. Stocking density (200 fish/decimal; class IV) had significant effect (P<0.01) on the total production (5,000 to 5,500 kg/ha). S. iniae in the circulating blood cells, extra-tubular haemal spaces containing blood vessels, fixed phagocytes in the hepatopancreas (gastrointestinal tract), bacteria-like particles in the brain tissue, vacuum and necrosis in hepatocytes revealed with histopathology. In vitro study revealed that cohabitation of dead or infected fish with healthy fish resulted infection (horizontal transmission mechanism) to the healthy fish.
An overview of the traditional rice-prawn-fish farming in Kalia of Narail district, Bangladesh
Authors: Galib Shams Muhammad , Mohsin ABM , Chaki Nipa , Fahad Md. Foyzul Hassan , Haque Sk. Md. Mohaimenul
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted in Narail district, Bangladesh between January and June, 2012; with a view to describing the status of rice- prawn-finfish based aquaculture practices. Average area of plots was 0.55±0.44 ha, of which mean ditch area was 4.35±2.02% of total land. All farmers dry their plots and made renovation prior to start of a new growing season followed by liming and fertilization. No standard stocking density was maintained, prawns were stocked at 15895 PL/ha, whereas fin fishes at 1551 seeds/ha. Commercial feed was applied in all the plots. Production of prawn, stocked and non-stocked fin fishes were found 380.34±155.25 kg/ha; 713.65±352.99 kg/ha and 51.73±24.55 kg/ha respectively. Average cost and income for fish culture were 120514.07±36758.35 BDT/ha and 232497.48±76594.80 BDT/ha respectively. Average rice production was 4229.78±856.71 kg/ha. Low growth and high mortality of PL; scarcity, high and uprising price of feeds; and floods were identified as the major problems.
Prevalence of diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. and other opportunistic bacteria in carps of sewage-fed farms in West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarker Sudeshna , Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Patra Avijit
Published: May 2022

India is the second largest fish producing nation after China, contributing about 5.68% of the global fish production. The state West Bengal is occupying the second position in freshwater fish production after Andhra Pradesh. Although a number of constraints have been put forth, diseases and poor farm management are some of the most noticeable reasons for the reduced fish production in West Bengal. This study reports the prevalence of diseases caused by Flavobacterium spp. and other opportunistic bacteria in carps of sewage-fed farms in West Bengal. The bacteriological examination of the diseased carps revealed infections with different bacterial species and most of them were opportunistic pathogens. Flavobacteriosis, aeromoniasis, pseudomoniasis and other mixed bacterial infections, as confirmed by conventional biochemical tests and by VITEK 2 Compact system, were noted frequently. Antibiotic sensitivity of the opportunistic bacterial pathogens from the diseased carps indicated that some of these bacterial strains are resistant to potential human medicines like erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, oxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, etc., which is a serious cause for concern. These results further present the fact that sewage-fed fish farms and the food fish from such systems may pose a serious public health risk from the antibiotic-resistant bacteria, if not handled properly.
Lengths, length-length relationships and condition factor of Indian catfish Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822) in the Padma River, Bangladesh
Authors: Chaki Nipa , Joadder Md. Abdur Razzaq , Fahad Md. Foyzul Hassan
Published: May 2022

This study described some biological parameters including lengths, length-length relationships and Fulton’s condition factors of Gagata cenia in the Padma River of Bangladesh, based on 1120 specimens collected from May to November, 2012. Maximum 39.78% female fishes were belonging to the length category of 55-60 mm whereas 51.06% male were belonging to 50-55 mm.The highest mean total lengths were found 66.51±10.28 mm (combined sex), 70.12±09.49 mm (female) and 61.08±09.45 mm (male) in the month of June. Similar findings are also presented for standard length, fork length, body depth, dorsal length, pectoral length, pelvic length and anal length. Linear relationships were also studied among mentioned lengths. Strong positive correlations were observed in all cases. Speraman’s Rank test indicated that there was a strong, positive correlation between total length and condition factor in female, which was statistically significant (rs=0.210, P=0.044). In male, there was no significant correlation between these two (rs=0.167, P=0.262). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the female individuals had the highest condition factor (Mean rank of 79.76). There was a statistically significant differences in the Fulton’s condition factor between males and females (two tailed, Mann-Whitney U = 1324).
Production and quality assessment of fish burger from the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Authors: Haq Monjurul , Dutta Progga Laboni , Sultana Nadira , Rahman Md. Anisur
Published: May 2022

Fish burger was produced from grass carp (Ctenophygodon idella) to assess the feasibility of value addition to this low priced fish in Bangladesh. Different food additives (25% mashed potato, 2% NaCl, 2% soybean oil, 2% spices and 0.6% sugar) were used to enhance the consumer’s acceptance of the fishery product. Consumers' acceptance of the fish burger was determined by sensory evaluation based on its color, flavor, softness or firmness (S/F), chewy/rubbery (C/R) using 10 point scoring system by a group of 10 untrained judges (20-50 years old). The results were found as follows: color (7.25±1.15), flavor (6.67±1.17), S/F (8.47±1.20) and C/R (7.83±1.23). Evaluation of proximate composition showed that the moisture and protein contents in grass carp mince were 79.15±1.16 % and 18.01±0.44 % respectively which were higher than that of fish burger, 69.46±0.89 % and 16.42±0.57 %, respectively. Lipid (6.64±0.15 %) and ash (2.98±0.09 %) contents in fish burger were also higher than fish mince. The pH of fish mince and fish burger was 6.8±0.11 and 6.6±0.05 respectively. Therefore, from simple cost-profit analysis, it can be assumed that business of fish burger in Bangladesh has a very good prospect and it would be profitable.
Effects of C/N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors
Authors: Pervin Rubaiya , Haque Md. Rezoanul , Akter Mahmuda
Published: May 2022

The effects of C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors were investigated. The experiment had two treatments: T1 and T2 each with three replications. Stocking density was maintained at 20,000 juveniles ha-1. In T1, only commercially available prawn feed was applied and in T2, a locally formulated and prepared feed containing 24% crude protein with C:N ratio close to 20 was used, and maize flour and bamboo side shoots were provided for maintaining C:N ratio 20. Mean values of water quality parameters did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between treatments. Periphytic biomass in terms of dry matter, ash free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll a showed significant difference (P<0.05) among different sampling months. Individual harvesting weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rates, gross and net yields of prawn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 than T1. Therefore, it was concluded that freshwater prawn might consume periphyton biomass in C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming practices resulted a significantly (P<0.05) higher production of freshwater prawn than traditional farming.
Record of the largest longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker 1851) from off shore Salalah in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Mamari Dawood , Al-Kharusi Lubna , Al-Kiyumi Fatma , Al-Shogebai Saeed , Al-Anboori Ibrahim , Al-Seneadi Rashed , Khrorv Sergiy
Published: May 2022

Capture of a great Longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol from off Shore of the city of Salalah, Arabian Sea, Sultanate of Oman in January 2013 is described in this paper. Its morphometric and meristic characters are discussed.
Age and growth of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) of the river Tentulia in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Rajaul , Roy Krishna Chandra , Roy Purobi Rani , Ahmed Zoarder Faruque
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out on age and growth of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha in river Tentulia in Bhola district using monthly samples from January to December 2009 by checking annual rings or growth checks on hard parts. Age and growth of T. ilisha got progressed by direct fit of length frequency data both to standard and to modified von Bertalanffy growth models with ELEFAN I procedure where the predicted maximum total length were (TL∞) 41.88 cm for male and 52.40 cm for female. Powell-Wetherall procedure gave an initial asymptotic total length (TL∞) for both male and female 40.42 cm, 50.61 cm respectively. The values of Z/K were 3.362 for male and 2.626 for female. The growth co-efficient (K) was obtained as 1.40 year-1 for male and 1.00 year-1 for female. The von Bertalanffy growth equations in terms of body weight (BW) for both male and female were BWt=799.26[1-exp{-1.40(t+0.002)}]3 and BWt=1717.82[1-exp{-0.99(t+0.013)}]3 respectively. The length-weight relationship for both sexes were BW=0.0101 TL 3.02 for male and BW=0.0086 TL 3.08 for female. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) was estimated for both male and female species were 0.969 and 0.968.
Intellectual property framework responses to health emergencies – options for Africa
Authors: Dos Santos Fernando , Ncube Caroline B. , Ouma Marisella
Published: May 2022

We debate whether intellectual property (IP) protection of medical products and devices required to prevent, treat and contain COVID-19 should be waived, as proposed by South Africa and India, under the World Trade Organization (WTO)’s Agreement on Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). We discuss existing public policy mechanisms under the TRIPS Agreement and how these have been implemented at national level in Africa, and find that these have proven inadequate and that they have been sub-optimally implemented. We then consider the TRIPS Waiver proposal which has been tabled due to the inadequacy of existing mechanisms and outline the EU’s counter proposal which is founded on existing mechanisms. Both proposals have served at multiple WTO council meetings and would have been the subject of the 2021 WTO Ministerial Conference, which was postponed and is now set to be held in June 2022. Meanwhile, the proposal has been the subject of negotiations between India, South Africa, the EU and the USA (‘the quad’) and, as of May 2022, has been opened for consideration by all Members. Whatever the outcome of WTO deliberations, African states must take necessary national IP regulatory reforms and cooperate at sub-regional and continental level to improve access to medical products and devices to meet their citizenry’s healthcare needs.
Significance:

There is need for a sustainable and comprehensive intellectual property framework that is responsive to health emergencies. Existing public policy mechanisms have not proven effective.
Adaptation and innovation are required at the international norm-setting level as evidenced by the two in-progress proposals for a TRIPS Agreement waiver and for an International Treaty on Pandemics. Both are contested and may only actualise in the medium to long term.
In the context of such uncertainty and delay, timely action should be taken at national level, through legislative reform coupled with necessary manufacturing capacity, which will be boosted by cooperation between African states.
Trajectories for South African employment after COVID-19
Authors: Altman Miriam
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 health response shut down the South African economy for a period, and then continued to constrain face-to-face services such as tourism, hospitality and personal services. These industries create the majority of jobs in all middle- and high-income economies. The COVID-19 interventions further aggravated pre-existing and rising unemployment and poverty levels. By 2021, only 42% of the working-age population in South Africa was employed, as compared to the National Development Plan’s target of 60% by 2030. South Africa has had high unemployment since at least 1978, with an historical policy path that appears to direct the economy towards slow growth and low employment. This article outlines the results of employment scenarios modelling: the purpose is to envisage the future of employment in South Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a view to 2050. Two ‘plausible’ scenarios are modelled. The upper and lower trajectories are aligned to historical growth paths between 1970 and 2019, with three decades experiencing an average 1.5% GDP growth and two decades an average 3.6% growth. An average economic growth rate rising from 2% to 3.5% between 2022 to 2050 would result in the achievement of the National Development Plan’s employment targets. The modelling also shows what the employment trajectory might have been in the absence of the COVID pandemic.
Significance:

This article evaluates the potential pathway for South African employment after COVID-19.
After a rapid and significant fall caused by policies to manage COVID-19, employment might only recover to peak 2018 levels by 2024–2026.
The COVID-19 pandemic may have long-term implications for employment. In the absence of the pandemic, there could have been between 500 000 and 1.6 million more people working by 2050.
O Parque do Flamengo enquanto Patrimônio: Os desafios da peculiaridade estética do jardim pelo valor da historicidade
Authors: Lontra Nacif Cristina , Oliveira Gonzalez Lopez Thiago
Published: May 2022

Entre as demandas de proteção frente ao ameaçador movimento de mercado e a necessidade de garantia do elo com a paisagem, as considerações do filósofo Georg Lukács definem uma leitura na qual, mesmo que submetidas a estruturas qualitativamente distintas, ambas esferas de abordagem se comunicam intrinsecamente. Isto porque, consolidadas as apreensões da peculiaridade do jardim e as determinações históricas do objeto, supera-se a descrição dos fatos ocorridos e, com isso, o Parque do Flamengo pode ser visto à luz da consciência humana que o permitiu. Por fim, o conteúdo afirmativo do jardim, ao mesmo tempo que limita a abertura crítica do espaço e o difere das demais artes, termina por apresentar um registro histórico que é capaz de apresentar as questões principais de um determinado aqui e agora. À luz da dimensão patrimonial, portanto, o jardim se converte em importante registro urbano a receber proteção, bem como o Parque do Flamengo aborda elementos precisos com o seu entorno a partir de sua dimensão estética.
Mudanças no uso do solo (2008 - 2018) na Avenida Prefeito Roque Vernalha, Paranaguá, Paraná
Authors: Furuzawa Marcos , Pires Christian , Luis Tonetti Emerson
Published: May 2022

Monitorar as mudanças no uso do solo urbano é uma forma de evitar alterações na qualidade do ambiente que podem ser prejudiciais ao bem estar humano. O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar as mudanças dos usos ao longo da Avenida Prefeito Roque Vernalha na área urbana do município de Paranaguá na região costeira do Paraná, nos anos de 2008 e 2018. Para isso, diante de cada lote, foi realizada a reclassificação em 2018, a partir do levantamento realizado em 2008, dos usos: espaços de uso público e livres de edificações, residencial, terreno baldio, menor potencial de causar poluição, maior potencial de causar poluição. As três classes iniciais foram consideradas pontos de referência para a boa qualidade ambiental e por isso, apenas os lotes com usos comerciais e industrial/portuário receberam potencialidade de poluição. Após a coleta, os dados foram inseridos em uma planilha para a comparação da variação dos usos. Os resultados mostraram que não houve modificação no número de lotes. Ocorreu aumento de 13,3% das classes de usos com menor e maior potencial de causar poluição e igual redução no conjunto das demais classes. A análise temporal da paisagem estudada, indica potencial mudança na qualidade do ambiente. Tal resultado, pode contribuir para propostas futuras de gestão no município, considerando a sinergia de usos inadequados e incompatíveis com o residencial e com os espaços de uso público e livres de edificações.

 

Palavras-chave: Uso do solo. Qualidade ambiental. Planejamento da paisagem urbana.
Children explore to understand the physical world Research and practice in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Azra Moeed , Sankari Saha
Published: May 2022

All children are inquisitive and begin to make sense of the physical and natural world around them from the time they are born. Children use their senses to explore the surrounding environment. Early Childhood Centres (ECE) in New Zealand provide care and learning opportunities for children under the age of 5-years. Te Whāriki, our mandated curriculum guides teachers. In an exploratory case study, we investigated the science learning experiences provided by an ECE teacher and the children’s learning that ensued. The data were collected through case study teacher interviews, mentor notes, and 160 learning stories written by the teacher during the research over two years. We found that a teacher with little background in science was able to provide rich science learning experiences for the children. The teacher’s willingness to provide everyday science exploration opportunities and ask questions helped children to develop basic physics concepts. Current research suggests that science is often not taught due to the lack of teacher confidence to teach science because they are generalists and believe they do not have the requisite knowledge or training. Our findings have implications for science teaching and learning in early childhood and primary schools.
Narratives of Anti-Vaccination Movements in the German and Brazilian Twittersphere: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Amaral Adriana Da Rosa , Jung Anna-Katharina , Braun Lea-Marie , Blanco Beatriz
Published: May 2022

Since February 2020, the world has been facing a global pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 virus. All over the world, people have been urged to take protective measures. It is hoped that the implementation of widespread vaccination campaigns will defeat the pandemic in the long term. While many people are eager to be vaccinated against Covid-19, other voices in the population are highly critical of vaccination and protective measures, circulating much misinformation on social media. The movements opposing pandemic response measures are heterogeneous, including right-wing groups, spiritualists who deny science, citizens with existential fears, and those who equate vaccination with a loss of individual freedom. This study aims to map and compare the social media communication of anti-vaccination movements that defy social cohesion and circulate online misinformation in Germany and Brazil. By following a grounded theory approach suggested by Webb and Mallon (2007), we coded content from social media communication of opinion leaders on Twitter with extended narrative analysis methodology finding different narratives that were mapped within the inhomogeneous anti-vaccination movements. The results show that both countries’ main narratives against vaccination are very similar, but the main difference stems from Brazil’s stronger politicization of vaccines.
Humor That Harms? Examining Racist Audio-Visual Memetic Media on TikTok During Covid-19
Authors: Matamoros-Fernández Ariadna , Rodriguez Aleesha , Wikström Patrik
Published: May 2022

During times of crisis such as the Covid-19 pandemic, digital platforms are under public scrutiny to guarantee users’ online safety and wellbeing. Following inconsistencies in how platforms moderate online content and behavior, governments around the world are putting pressure on them to curb the spread of illegal and lawful harmful content and behavior (e.g., UK’s Draft Online Safety Bill). These efforts, though, mainly focus on overt abuse and false information, which misses more mundane social media practices such as racial stereotyping that are equally popular and can be inadvertently harmful. Building on Stoever’s (2016) work on the “sonic color line,” this article problematizes sound, specifically, as a key element in racializing memetic practices on the popular short-video platform TikTok. We examine how humorous audio-visual memes about Covid-19 on TikTok contribute to social inequality by normalizing racial stereotyping, as facilitated through TikTok’s “Use This Sound” feature. We found that users’ appropriations of sounds and visuals on TikTok, in combination with the platform’s lack of clear and transparent moderation processes for humorous content, reinforce and (re)produce systems of advantage based on race. Our article contributes to remediating the consistent downplaying of humor that negatively stereotypes historically marginalized communities. It also advances work on race and racism on social media by foregrounding the sonification of race as means for racism’s evolving persistence, which represents a threat to social cohesion.
Educational Success Despite School? From Cultural Hegemony to a Post‐Inclusive School
Authors: Yildiz Erol , Ohnmacht Florian
Published: May 2022

This article explores how a differential thinking has arisen between “us” (locals, natives) and “them” (migrants) in German‐speaking areas, how in this context a canned Rezeptwissen (recipe knowledge) has established itself and how there has been a normalisation of cultural hegemony in the context of education. This binary thinking has also taken hold stepwise within the concepts of school development and educational programmes. It has contributed significantly to the construction of an educational normality that has retained its efficacy up to the present. Along with the structural barriers of the educational system, the well‐rehearsed and traditional conceptions of normality serve to restrict and limit the educational prospects and future perspectives of youth who are deemed to stem from a migration background. These prospects and perspectives for the future have a negative impact on their educational goals and professional‐vocational orientations. Our research also shows that ever more youths and young adults are confronting and grappling with this ethnic‐nationally oriented understanding of education and seeking to find other pathways and detours to move on ahead and develop appropriate conceptions of education and vocational orientations for themselves. The article explores the need for a “post‐inclusive” school and “post‐inclusive” understanding of education, which overcome the well‐rehearsed and historically shaped conceptions of normality in the context of education, opening up new options for action and experience for the young people involved.
THE REASONS WHY THE RELIGIOUS HYMN FOUNDED BY AKBAR SHAH DID NOT FIND A RESPONSE IN THE MUGHAL SOCIETY AND WAS WITHDRAWN FROM THE HISTORICAL STAGE
Authors: AMBER Sadik
Published: May 2022

The Mughal Empire was a Muslim Turkish empire that ruled in the same time periods as the Ottoman and Safavid states. Akbar Shah is one of the most notable and the most controversial and negative comments made about him, although there are those who stand out from the Mughal sultans with their different performances. Akbar Shah has made many reforms and innovations in the political, economic, military, cultural and religious spheres. The most important and noticeable change in these activities has been in the religious field. He showed himself in the change in the religious field with the establishment of a new religion called "Din-i Ilahi". This innovation caused great controversy and caused social upheavals in public life. Akbar Shah was considered Akbar (the greatest) by his supporters, Akbar (the greatest) by his opponents and enemies, and Ekfer (the greatest infidel) by his lodges because of his daring in such a radical and great work and his other works. The Religion-i-Divine, which he founded, for some reason was short-lived, did not succeed in achieving the desired goal. It is possible to include many political, social and religious reasons among the reasons why it dec not succeed. Among religious reasons that provide a strong contribution to the end of this system, in general, Islamic scholars, and private accumulation as deep, effort and their courage contrary to Islam, relentlessly struggling with this new structure, Imam-I Rabbani (K.s.) it is important to mention.
Issues of Authors’ Rights Protection of the Service Objects of Patent Rights
Authors: Ruzakova O. A.
Published: May 2022

Most of the objects of patent law are created as service objects. At the same time, despite a rather detailed regulation of the legal regime of service inventions and other objects of intellectual rights in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and clarification in judicial practice, problems both in terms of legal regulation and in terms of law enforcement in this area remain unsettled. The paper discusses the reasons for the refusal to recognize and regulate as service objects the objects of related rights, the problems of the relationship between the regime of service secrets of production (know-how) and objects of patent law, in respect of which the employer decided to keep information secret, the issues concerning the legal regime of service objects created with the help of artificial intelligence, as well as ensuring the author’s right for remuneration for a service object of patent law based on the amendments to Federal Law No. 456-FZ dated 22 December 2020 «On Amendments to Parts Two and Four of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Invalidation of Legislative Acts (Certain Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation», etc. Conclusions are aimed at protecting the rights of authors-employees, in particular at the need to recognize authorship for an employee who created artificial intelligence, etc. Taking into account different points of view and the law enforcement practice, the author draws special attention to the issues of recognition of the official result of intellectual work created by the person superior to the employer operating on the basis of an employment contract (in the absence of a task, notification of the employer, etc.), which is established on the basis of the relationship between the work carried out by the director of the work and the creation of this object, as well as co-ownership of the exclusive right to a service object created by employees and authors who are not employees.
Methodological Foundations for the History of Political and Legal Doctrines Study
Authors: Kornev A. V.
Published: May 2022

The paper is devoted to the methodological foundations of the study of the history of political and legal thought. Political and legal doctrines play an important role in the life of a state-organized society. The influence of ideas is especially noticeable, but rather their struggle in the modern world. If earlier the public consciousness was somehow fueled by illusions of a certain kind, today it is not. As there are no more illusions. Everything is very clearly marked. Agreement with the influence of ideas on the practice of state legal construction, and more broadly, the entire system of international relations, inevitably raises questions about the methodological foundations of political and legal doctrines and methodological tools that are used in modern legal science. The history of political and legal doctrines occupies a special place in the system of legal disciplines. This feature is related to its methodological functions. The paper focuses on the fact that the history of political and legal doctrines as an integral part of the theoretical and historical legal sciences, on the one hand, uses methods of cognition that are common to various branches of scientific knowledge, and on the other hand, this scientific discipline has its own scientific potential. This is what brings it closer to the general theory of law and the state as its history and at the same time separates it from other legal sciences, primarily branch sciences, which do not have their own methodological tools. The paper states that the history of political and legal doctrines has its own methodological foundations for the study of political and legal thought. In addition to the methodological component, the paper also touches on the problem of the increasing role of the history of political and legal doctrines.
Burnout en cuidadores formales e informales del adulto mayor. revisión integrativa de la literatura
Authors: Bedoya Buritica Natalia , Buitrago Lilia Andrea , Soto Chaquir Mercy
Published: May 2022

El cuidador del adulto mayor formal e informal, es susceptible de presentar sindrome de burnout “estar quemado, consumido, apagado”  como respuesta al estrés después de un tiempo de trabajo.

Objetivo: evaluar según la literatura las características y los factores asociados al síndrome de burnout en cuidadores formales e informales del adulto mayor.

Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integrativa para sintetizar los resultados de investigaciones anteriores, y recoger las conclusiones de la literatura sobre las características y factores asociados al burnout en cuidadores formales e informales.

Resultados: se encontró que predomina en un  80.3%  el género femenino en los cuidadores formales e informales, la edad promedio oscila entre los 35 a 58 años . Los factores que generan mayor presencia del burnout son el tiempo diario dedicado al cuidado, la carencia de apoyo familiar y la falta de remuneración para el caso de los cuidadores informales.

Conclusiones: en  los cuidadores formales e informales el burnout se presenta en algún momento de su vida con manifestaciones físicas y emocionales similares, afectando con más altos niveles a los cuidadores informales, lo cuál está relacionado con la ausencia de remuneración económica, tener a cargo otras labores como ser ama de casa, ser hijas o esposas de la persona receptora del cuidado y un bajo nivel de escolaridad, las principales manifestaciones son: ira, frustración, periodos de insomnio, irritabilidad, ansiedad y depresión.

Se requieren programas de apoyo con estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas  para la prevención del burnout.
Formación doctoral en práctica y filosofía de la ciencia de enfermería: dos vías para trascender la utopía de una práctica docta: ensayo
Authors: Vergara Escobar Oscar Javier , Castañeda Valencia Cándida Rosa
Published: May 2022

La Educación en enfermería avanzada ha revolucionado las ciencias y las tendencias de acuerdo con el ritmo del mundo indica, que el epicentro de formación en investigación está en la práctica del cuidado.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre la formación Doctoral en enfermería desde los doctorados para la práctica y los doctorados en Filosofía y sus potencialidades en el contexto colombiano.

Metodología: se desarrolla un ensayo reflexivo que busca mostrar posturas entre la formación doctoral en enfermería y su pertinencia en el contexto colombiano.

Conclusiones: Se requieren de estos dos tipos de doctorados, puesto que serán el camino por recorrer desde la Ciencia de Enfermería, que invita a que los doctorados a propiciar un trabajo con apoyo mutuo y juntos que permita trabajar en red y avanzar en la creación y traducción de conocimientos en la práctica y la investigación en el contexto colombiano.
Envejecimiento y sexualidad: revisión temática desde terapia ocupacional
Authors: Hernández Monroy Daniela Esther , Paternina Correa Ana Milena , Patiño Manrique Hilda Carolina
Published: May 2022

A través de este artículo de revisión de tema se analiza el paradigma del envejecimiento y la sexualidad a partir de estudios e investigaciones realizadas por expertos en el tema. En este orden de ideas el envejecimiento es entendido como un proceso deletéreo, progresivo y complejo en el que surgen diferentes cambios fisiológicos, psicológicos, sociales y funcionales que inciden directamente sobre el bienestar y calidad de vida del anciano; así como, sobre sus percepciones y experiencias sexuales. La sexualidad por su parte, es un fenómeno multidimensional y un elemento inherente al ser humano, presente en todas las etapas del ciclo vital. En el caso de los adultos mayores, la temática esta rodeada de prejuicios y tabúes que limitan la participación de los ancianos en esta Actividad de la Vida Diaria (AVD) vista así desde la disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional. Se presenta una mirada reflexiva sobre la intervención del Terapeuta Ocupacional en la dimensión sexual al abordar el colectivo de adultos mayores. Luego del análisis reflexivo se concluye que existe un vacío conceptual frente al tema de sexualidad, lo que encabeza un gran reto para los Terapeutas Ocupacionales; que es abordar de manera integral las necesidades de los adultos mayores, promoviendo un envejecimiento activo y la sexualidad como una Actividad de la Vida Diaria, a la cual se le otorga menor grado de importancia a comparación de las áreas de intervención tradicionales.
Control de Constitucionalidad en Colombia
Authors: Ospina Molina Pablo Sergio
Published: May 2022

Se propone a través de este artículo de revisión dar a conocer el complejo sistema de control de constitucionalidad que impera en Colombia desde el inicio de su era republicana, hablando desde la génesis misma del control en el mundo para encontrar los orígenes nacionales, centrándose especialmente en el control que se hace a través de la rama judicial del poder público y los mecanismos que se tienen en el siglo XIX, para ello se realiza un ejercicio de teorización a partir de revisión bibliográfica y concluyendo, respecto del control de constitucionalidad en Colombia, que es uno de los más complejos del mundo, al estar matriculados en un sistema mixto o integral que abarca todo el ordenamiento jurídico.
La educación en la primera infancia de niñas y niños con capacidades diversas
Authors: Martínez Tascón Luisa Fernanda , Vargas Salazar María Fernanda
Published: May 2022

En Colombia la educación para la primera infancia declara un enfoque diferencial e inclusivo frente a la discapacidad; lo cual sugiere que las niñas y niños con algún tipo de diversidad funcional deben contar con escenarios favorables que permitan el desarrollo de las competencias del hacer, saber y poder hacer a través de las actividades rectoras. La investigación en curso centra su interés en las características de la educación inicial, y el desarrollo de las competencias específicas en la primera infancia en niñas y niños con capacidades diversas de un Centro de Desarrollo Integral (CDI) de Palmira. Se plantea un cuerpo teórico sustentado en la psicología cognitiva, específicamente el movimiento constructivista apoyado en los postulados de Coll. También se hace énfasis en los conceptos desarrollados por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional relacionados a la educación inicial. La investigación se ubica en el paradigma interpretativo- cualitativo específicamente un estudio de caso único. Para esto, se acude a instrumentos de recolección como observación, entrevista en profundidad y revisión documental. Los resultados encontrados hasta el momento sugieren que el CDI da respuesta a ciertos planteamientos pedagógicos institucionales, pero no se evidencian elementos específicos en torno al componente de diversidad.
Revisión crítica del concepto de derechos culturales
Authors: Lasso Prado Aida Elena , Prado Lasso Édison Ricardo , Giraldo Paredes Holbein
Published: May 2022

El presente es un artículo de investigación sobre el acercamiento a la forma como se ha conceptualizado la categoría de derechos culturales en el ámbito internacional y en Colombia. Se parte de un antecedente y es que los derechos culturales han sido una tipología de derechos de complicada definición a nivel jurídico por su poco avance en comparación con los otros derechos humanos que han tenido más atención. Los derechos culturales parecen haberse quedado solo en el ámbito académico, en discusiones teóricas y considerados de poco impacto por ser concebidos como derechos de grupos minoritarios.
Comida de los pueblos y el sistema agroalimentario mundial
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Wilson , Nieto Gómez Libia Esperanza , Cabrera Otálora Martha Isabel , Panesso Jiménez Fernando , Giraldo Díaz Reinaldo
Published: May 2022

El sistema capitalista durante muchos años ha procurado suplantar de manera violenta la agricultura ejercida por los pueblos del mundo, en tanto para las comunidades ancestrales la comida encarna un conjunto de prácticas sociales que articulan los saberes de lo material con lo simbólico, cultural y espiritual, el saber hacer juntado con los ritmos y tiempos de la propia naturaleza. Metodológicamente, se presenta una revisión de la lógica con la que opera el sistema agroalimentario mundial hegemónico, luego se muestran las ventajas de la producción comunitaria de la comida, lo cual permite hacer una comparación crítica de las formas de apropiación del territorio para la producción de comida. y contrastarla con las conexiones profundas de las comunidades con lo espiritual y lo cultural respecto a la comida. Se encontró que el sistema agroalimentario mundial sustenta un régimen de poder y saber en contra de la vida, mientras que la producción de comida de los pueblos se ocupa de proteger y defender la vida en los territorios. Se concluye que los pueblos que producen la comida desde lo local deben seguir organizándose en movimientos sociales de lucha contra el modelo hegemónico de producción de alimentos.
Aspiración de hidrosalpinx antes y después de fertilización in vitro con embarazo viable. Reporte de caso
Authors: Saavedra Tascon Alejandro , Saavedra Saavedra Jaime
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: Presentar el caso de una paciente con deseo genésico, antecedente de endometriosis severa, factor aloinmune positivo y pelvis bloqueada, a quien se le realizo aspiración vía vaginal de hidrosalpinx antes y después de Fertilización In Vitro y con embarazo intrauterino; y hacer una revisión de la literatura en el manejo del hidrosalpinx antes y después la realización de una FIV. Materiales y métodos: Presentación del caso y búsqueda de la literatura en Medline vía PubMed, Cochrane Colaboration y Lilacs. La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas inglés, francés y español entre los años 1990 a 2018, sobre el manejo del hidrosalpinx antes y después de la realización de un FIV. Resultados: Se encontraron veinte artículos, de los cuales cuatro eran revisiones de la literatura, un metaanálisis, dos ensayos clínicos controlados, cuatro estudios de cohorte retrospectivos, dos estudios prospectivos, un reporte de caso, un estudio multicéntrico, un protocolo, un comité practico, dos encuestas, un estudio de casos y controles y un estudio in vitro. Conclusión: Se trata de un reporte de caso de aspiración ecoguiada de hidrosálpix antes y después de FIV, incluso en presencia de un embarazo viable. Cuando técnicamente no sea posible el abordaje quirúrgico de una paciente con hidrosalpinx, se puede considerar la aspiración ecoguiada antes y después de FIV, para mejorar la posibilidad de un nacido vivo en casa.
Caracterización de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito en Cali, Colombia: 2001-2017
Authors: Ágredo-Lucio María Alejandra , Matallana-Rhoades Audrey Mary
Published: May 2022

Introducción: El hipotiroidismo congénito es la principal causa de déficit cognitivo prevenible. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno aseguran un adecuado desarrollo neurológico y físico de los pacientes. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito de dos centros de consulta de endocrinología pediátrica en Cali; y determinar las diferencias durante el tamizaje y seguimiento entre los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito transitorio y permanente. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y retrospectivo a partir de la información consignada en las historias clínicas de los pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito atendidos por el servicio de endocrinología pediátrica del Hospital Universitario del Valle y el Centro médico Farallones, diagnosticados entre 2001 y 2017. Resultados: Se recolectaron 104 casos. El 53,8% tuvo diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo congénito permanente, 8,6% transitorio y en 37,5% no se pudo establecer la temporalidad. El promedio del valor de TSH confirmatoria para el grupo de hipotiroidismo congénito permanente fue de 75 μIU/ml (RIC 13.2-120) en comparación con el grupo de transitorio 8.8 μIU/ml (RIC 5.38-43.25). Se registró talla baja en el 17,3%, retraso en el desarrollo neurológico en el 31,7% y recibieron terapia de neurodesarrollo en 23%. Por tamizaje neonatal se detectó el 72%. Conclusiones: Las altas tasas de alteración en el neurodesarrollo evidencian un problema en el seguimiento y en la atención de los pacientes. Los valores de TSH podrían predecir la etiología permanente del hipotiroidismo y apoyarían la justificación del estudio antes de los 3 años.