bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioscatter Characteristics Related to Inversion Variability in Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S.
Published: February 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) routinely transport organisms at their centers of circulation. The TC center of circulation is also often marked by an inversion, and the height of the inversion base may change as the TC intensifies or weakens. In this study, a dataset of 49 dropsonde-measured inversions in 20 separate Atlantic Ocean TCs is compared with spatiotemporally collocated polarimetric radar measurements of bioscatter. Bioscatter signature maximum altitude is found to be a function of temperature lapse rate across the inversion base (r = 0.473), and higher inversion bases were generally associated with denser bioscatter signatures, especially when strong hurricanes (minimum pressure < 950 hPa) were considered (r = 0.601). Characteristics of the bioscatter signature had some skill in predicting TC inversion characteristics (adjusted r2 of 16%–40%), although predictability was increased when TC intensity was also included as a predictor (adjusted r2 of 40%–59%). These results indicate promise for using the bioscatter signature to monitor the TC inversion and represent an example of a situation in which the behavior of organisms in the airspace may be indicative of ongoing atmospheric processes.

Significance Statement

Tropical cyclone centers of circulation are often associated with an inversion, the base of which changes altitude with system strengthening and weakening. They may also contain a radar-observable bioscatter signature. In this study, we wanted to determine how the bioscatter signature relates to inversion characteristics for the benefit of meteorologists and biologists. Bioscatter signature characteristics were related to strength of the temperature and dewpoint lapse rates across the inversion base, and deeper/denser bioscatter signatures were typically associated with higher inversion bases. The findings suggest that trends in tropical cyclone inversion characteristics could be remotely monitored via the bioscatter signature. They also support prior speculation that some birds may seek the relatively laminar flow above an inversion base.
Assessing Essential Unidimensionality of Scales and Structural Coefficient Bias
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Cao Pei , Lai Xinzhen , Wen Jianbing , Yang Yanyun
Published: February 2022

Percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC), explained common variance (ECV), and omega hierarchical (ωH) have been used to assess the degree to which a scale is essentially unidimensional and to predict structural coefficient bias when a unidimensional measurement model is fit to multidimensional data. The usefulness of these indices has been investigated in the context of bifactor models with balanced structures. This study extends the examination by focusing on bifactor models with unbalanced structures. The maximum and minimum PUC values given the total number of items and factors were derived. The usefulness of PUC, ECV, and ωH in predicting structural coefficient bias was examined under a variety of structural regression models with bifactor measurement components. Results indicated that the performance of these indices in predicting structural coefficient bias depended on whether the bifactor measurement model had a balanced or unbalanced structure. PUC failed to predict structural coefficient bias when the bifactor model had an unbalanced structure. ECV performed reasonably well, but worse than ωH.
Water Contamination, Households’ Risk Perceptions, and Averting Behavior: Evidence from the Nullah Lai, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Qadar Abdul , Waheed Arslan
Published: February 2022

This study examined the households’ risk perceptions of water contamination available in the surroundings of the Lai sewer in Rawalpindi city of Pakistan. Through purposefully structured questionnaire, 134 households were interviewed from three randomly selected areas adjacent to the main sewer bed of the Lai sewer. The data were collected from both the ethnography of three neighborhoods named Mohinpura, Dhok Ratta, and Dhok Naju adjacent to the Lai sewer and questionnaire survey to assess the households’ perceptions of groundwater and supplied water contamination as principal sources of drinking water. Supplementing ethnographic research, the data collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using the ordered probit model. The findings showed that households’ education level, income, health effects, proximity to the Lai sewer, knowledge, and awareness of water contamination, and attitude toward health risks had significant effects on households’ risk perceptions. This study will be an important addition to the existing water pollution–related research and will particularly help to sensitize the households and communities about water contamination and health-related risks. The recommendations of the study will further guide the relevant state institutions based on the perspectives of the research participants and neighboring residents of the Lai sewer of Rawalpindi city.
Sailing Away From the Pyramid: A Revised Visual Representation of Maslow’s Theory Z
Authors: Yu Timothy T. F.
Published: February 2022

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, in its pyramidal representation, is one of the most recognizable visual figures in psychology and management. Recently, there have been attempts to incorporate Maslow’s Theory Z, which encompasses the highest level of human motivation beyond self-actualization, into this pyramid. However, this pyramidal representation of Theory Z encompasses many of the misconceptions of Maslow’s theory of human motivation, and it fails to convey the richness of Theory Z. As a result, this article aims to address and rectify the shortcomings of previous pyramidal representations of both Maslow’s original hierarchy of needs and Theory Z; it also aims to provide a revised visual representation of Theory Z. This article will first summarize and build on Kaufman’s recent “sailboat” approach to depict Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Next, it will present the method and results of a content analysis on several of Maslow’s writings, revealing the necessary components and subcomponents of the revised visual representation of Theory Z. This revised representation will then be discussed in detail, and a description of each component and subcomponent will be provided. The goal is to provide students and researchers alike with a more accurate visual depiction of Theory Z.
Effects of an Integrated Treatment Program on Grief and Distress Among Parentally Bereaved Young Adults
Authors: Harrsen Kristine , Tølbøll Marie Marx , Larsen Lene Holm
Published: February 2022

This study examined the effectiveness of an 18-session manualized integrative group psychotherapy intervention for parentally bereaved young adults with grief complications. Participants, 63 young adults aged 20–27 years, completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of prolonged grief, PTSD, depression and anxiety prior to and following treatment. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by comparing outcomes for the intervention group to a waitlist comparison group. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction in symptoms of grief (large effects size), PTSD (medium effect sizes), and depression (medium effect size). The treatment did not result in a significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. The study provided preliminary support for this intervention for parentally bereaved young adults.
Dyeing of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with CI Reactive Red 2 enabled by the introduction of polyethyleneimine
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Li Xiangshun , Wang Liming , Qin Xiaohong , Cui Yunhua
Published: February 2022

The color of textiles plays a crucial role in meeting humans’ aesthetics needs and pleasure. Nanofiber has potential application prospects in textile and apparel due to its superior properties, such as the high specific surface area and porosity. Simultaneously, the coloring property has attracted widespread attention. However, the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with reactive dyes remains a challenge due to the lack of reactive groups. Herein, an efficient strategy is proposed to successfully color electrospun PAN nanofibers with CI Reactive Red 2, enabled by introducing polyethyleneimine (PEI). Firstly, through entangling the molecular chain of PEI in solution, PAN is endowed with abundant cationic groups. Then, PAN/PEI nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning technology and further dyed using the reactive dye. More specifically, the different dyeing parameters, such as dyeing time, temperature, concentration and PEI concentration, were optimized. Compared to pure PAN nanofiber, PAN/PEI nanofiber achieved a higher dye uptake (96%) and better color fastness. This work offers an energy-saving and simple manner for improving the dyeing performance of PAN nanofibers using reactive dye.
Numerical and experimental analysis on anisotropic thermal conductivity of carding quartz fiber web based on the reconstruction model
Authors: Du Peijian , Ding Xiang , Liang Qixin , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Yifan , Chen Li
Published: February 2022

In order to analyze the thermal and mechanical properties of the carding quartz fiber web and the needle-punched quartz fiber preform containing the carding quartz fiber web, we propose a ‘three-step’ method to establish a three-dimensional quartz carding fiber web model containing large slenderness ratio fibers. First, the thickness and areal density of the carding quartz fiber web were measured and statistical analysis of fiber length and orientation distribution was carried out, which provided data support for establishing the three-dimensional carding fiber web model. Based on the wide application of Python language in finite element software, then spatial layered fibers of the beam element were generated by running Python scripts in finite element software; second, the three-dimensional carding fiber web model of beam element was established through a deposition and compression process by the explicit method of the finite element software; finally, the three-dimensional carding fiber web model of the beam element was converted into the solid element model for heat transferring analysis by Python. The converted process is the reconstruction process. Furthermore, anisotropic heat transmission of the three-dimensional carding fiber web model that includes temperature distribution and heat flux distribution were analyzed. Meanwhile, anisotropic thermal conductivity of the three-dimensional carding fiber web model was predicted in finite element software. A hot-disk thermal analyzer was used to measure the anisotropic thermal conductivity of the three-dimensional carding quartz fiber web. Experimental anisotropic thermal conductivity showed an excellent agreement with anisotropic thermal conductivity predicted by the finite element method. Moreover, the method in this paper is not only suitable for any other fibrous materials with randomly distributed fibers and large slenderness ratio fibers, but also is more efficient and low cost to obtain detailed heat conductions and anisotropic thermal conductivity.
Ethno-religious neighbourhood infrastructures and the life satisfaction of immigrants and their descendants in Germany
Authors: Wiedner Jonas , Schaeffer Merlin , Carol Sarah
Published: February 2022

Urban research assigns immigrant enclaves an ambiguous role. While such areas are seen as rich in beneficial ethno-religious infrastructures and networks, they also tend to be located in deprived and stigmatised inner-city neighbourhoods. Research on neighbourhood attainment provides evidence for both, a desire to attain mainstream middle-class neighbourhoods, which grows the more immigrants and their descendants establish themselves in society, but also a continuing attraction of residing close to co-ethnics. To tease apart this ambiguity, we study how the life satisfaction of immigrants and their descendants depends on the characteristics of the neighbourhood they live in, and pay special attention to heterogeneity along generation, country of origin orientation and income. We use classic measures of neighbourhood quality vis-à-vis newly collected data on the spatial density of ethno-religious minority associations, places of worship and grocers. We link these data to the geocoded German Socio-Economic Panel to predict life satisfaction among immigrants and their descendants. To strengthen a causal interpretation of our results, we employ specifications that address self-selection into neighbourhoods and unobserved confounding. Contra the assumptions of standard assimilation models, we document that ethno-religious infrastructures contribute to increased life satisfaction primarily among the second generation, and there especially among sending-country oriented individuals. This suggests a continuing importance of origin-culture infrastructures for some groups. Furthermore, we find little evidence that overall neighbourhood quality, or the mere share of co-ethnics in a neighbourhood, increases life satisfaction either among immigrants or their descendants.
Comparing Single- and Multiple-Question Designs of Measuring Family Income in China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Wu Qiong , Gu Liping
Published: February 2022

Family income questions in general purpose surveys are usually collected with either a single-question summary design or a multiple-question disaggregation design. It is unclear how estimates from the two approaches agree with each other. The current paper takes advantage of a large-scale survey that has collected family income with both methods. With data from 14,222 urban and rural families in the 2018 wave of the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies, we compare the two estimates, and further evaluate factors that might contribute to the discrepancy. We find that the two estimates are loosely matched in only a third of all families, and most of the matched families have a simple income structure. Although the mean of the multiple-question estimate is larger than that of the single-question estimate, the pattern is not monotonic. At lower percentiles up till the median, the single-question estimate is larger, whereas the multiple-question estimate is larger at higher percentiles. Larger family sizes and more income sources contribute to higher likelihood of inconsistent estimates from the two designs. Families with wage income as the main income source have the highest likelihood of giving consistent estimates compared with all other families. In contrast, families with agricultural income or property income as the main source tend to have very high probability of larger single-question estimates. Omission of certain income components and rounding can explain over half of the inconsistencies with higher multiple-question estimates and a quarter of the inconsistencies with higher single-question estimates.
Client and counsellor experiences of abbreviated trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for South African adolescents
Authors: Kaminer Debra , Letsatsi Thato , Stewart Shannon , Skavenski Stephanie , Simmons Candice
Published: February 2022

Although South Africa has high rates of child and adolescent trauma exposure and associated mental health difficulties, there is a poor evidence base for trauma interventions with youth in this setting. In a resource-constrained context, there is a need for brief evidence-based trauma treatments. However, abbreviated interventions may reduce the acceptability and tolerability of treatment for clients and impact treatment delivery by providers. We developed an abbreviated eight-session version of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, we piloted this intervention with 10 adolescents and their caregivers to assess the acceptability and tolerability of the abbreviated trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy model for participants, the degree of counsellor fidelity to the abbreviated treatment manual and counsellor experiences of implementation. The treatment completion rate was 90% and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms reduced over the course of treatment for all treatment completers. Although there was flexibility in timing and dosing of delivery, counsellor fidelity to treatment components and treatment length was high. Thematic analysis of interviews with participants and counsellors indicated that, within this abbreviated trauma treatment, the therapeutic alliance was able to provide a solid foundation for trauma processing, there was adequate time to practice coping skills and the compressed trauma processing component was difficult but tolerable. Counsellors indicated that a degree of flexibility within fidelity to the abbreviated treatment model enhanced their implementation of the treatment. The findings provide evidence to support a formal evaluation of the abbreviated trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy treatment protocol.
Racial Diversity in Policing: Do We Need More Asian American Police Officers in Response to the #StopAsianHate Movement?
Authors: Yu Helen H.
Published: February 2022

The rising nationwide concerns about violence targeting Asians have highlighted the scant research on Asian American police officers. This article aims to (re)introduce this important dialogue and calls for a commitment from other race and social equity scholars to extend the discourse on racial diversity in policing. Using data on race and ethnicity compiled by the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, this article compares data from the largest 100 cities ranked by their respective Asian population percentage with the percentage of Asian police officers from those same cities to examine Asian diversity in policing. Analysis reveals that all the cities with the exception of five were underrepresented by Asian police officers, and that more work needs to be done by these police departments if they hope to reflect the diversity of the communities they serve.
Experiences of staff providing specialist palliative care during COVID-19: a multiple qualitative case study
Authors: Bradshaw Andy , Dunleavy Lesley , Garner Ian , Preston Nancy , Bajwah Sabrina , Cripps Rachel , Fraser Lorna K , Maddocks Matthew , Hocaoglu Mevhibe , Murtagh Fliss EM , Oluyase Adejoke O , Sleeman Katherine E , Higginson Irene J , Walshe Catherine
Published: February 2022

Summary

Objective

To explore the experiences of, and impact on, staff working in palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Qualitative multiple case study using semi-structured interviews between November 2020 and April 2021 as part of the CovPall study. Data were analysed using thematic framework analysis.

Setting

Organisations providing specialist palliative services in any setting.

Participants

Staff working in specialist palliative care, purposefully sampled by the criteria of role, care setting and COVID-19 experience.

Main outcome measures

Experiences of working in palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Five cases and 24 participants were recruited (n = 12 nurses, 4 clinical managers, 4 doctors, 2 senior managers, 1 healthcare assistant, 1 allied healthcare professional). Central themes demonstrate how infection control constraints prohibited and diluted participants’ ability to provide care that reflected their core values, resulting in experiences of moral distress. Despite organisational, team and individual support strategies, continually managing these constraints led to a ‘crescendo effect’ in which the impacts of moral distress accumulated over time, sometimes leading to burnout. Solidarity with colleagues and making a valued contribution provided ‘moral comfort’ for some.

Conclusions

This study provides a unique insight into why and how healthcare staff have experienced moral distress during the pandemic, and how organisations have responded. Despite their experience of dealing with death and dying, the mental health and well-being of palliative care staff was affected by the pandemic. Organisational, structural and policy changes are urgently required to mitigate and manage these impacts.
Features of communication in Norwegian parent–child play interactions
Authors: Røe-Indregård Hanne , Rowe Meredith L. , Rydland Veslemøy , Zambrana Imac M.
Published: February 2022

Communication is best understood as occurring along three dimensions: interactional, conceptual, and linguistic. However, few studies have examined early parent–child communication along all three dimensions simultaneously. This study examines these three dimensions of communication in Norwegian parent–child interactions during play. Thirty-nine 2-year-old children participated in dyadic interactions with their fathers ( N = 30) and mothers ( N = 38). Of these 39 children, 29 engaged in separate interactions with both parents. Father–child and mother–child responsive communication, levels of abstract talk, and language complexity and diversity were examined and compared. Overall, the features of communication were very similar between father–child and mother–child interactions, and there were some noteworthy associations between the features of father–child and mother–child communication within families and dyads. We discuss these findings in reference to the three dimensions and in relation to the specific activity and cultural setting of the study.
The Ethics of Organizational Ethics
Authors: Rhodes Carl
Published: February 2022

This Perspectives article reviews research on organizational ethics presented in a select group of articles from Organization Studies, each of which draws inspiration, directly or indirectly, from the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. This work is commended for how it has wrestled the locus of ethicality away from organizational authority and instead examined ethics in relation to the actions and interactions of those subject to that authority. Collectively, these articles articulate organizational ethics as an affective, relational and embodied response to the needs of others. Such ethics motivates political engagement in resistance to oppression and domination meted out by organizational authority. Acknowledging the significance of this contribution, the present article examines how the research reviewed is remiss for its latent humanism and the attendant risk of assuming that the actions of individual ethical subjects are morally superior to organized forms of ethics. The source of this ethical privileging of individual subjects comes from a failure to distinguish between the practice of ethics in organizations and the originary ethics of ethics. Following Levinas, the latter is understood as the passive and pre-subjective call to responsibility for the other with whom one is organized and that precedes any concrete proposal for an organizational ethics. By acknowledging the ethics of ethics, we see that affective, interpersonal ethics and more formally organized ethics can both be translations of the ethics of ethics, each being necessarily imperfect. The tension between authoritative and interpersonal forms of ethics in organizations is not a problem for ethics, but rather a condition of the possibility of organizational ethics itself.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Operating Room Case Duration: A Case Study in Otolaryngology
Authors: Miller Lauren E. , Goedicke William , Crowson Matthew G. , Rathi Vinay K. , Naunheim Matthew R. , Agarwala Aalok V.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Optimizing operating room (OR) efficiency depends on accurate case duration estimates. Machine learning (ML) methods have been used to predict OR case durations in other subspecialties. We hypothesize that ML methods improve projected case lengths over existing non‐ML techniques for otolaryngology–head and neck surgery cases.

Methods

Deidentified patient information from otolaryngology surgical cases at 1 academic institution were reviewed from 2016 to 2020. Variables collected included patient, surgeon, procedure, and facility data known preoperatively so as to capture all realistic contributors. Available case data were divided into a training and testing data set. Several ML algorithms were evaluated based on best performance of predicted case duration when compared to actual case duration. Performance of all models was compared by the average root mean squared error and mean absolute error (MAE).

Results

In total, 50,888 otolaryngology surgical cases were evaluated with an average case duration of 98.3 ± 86.9 minutes. Most cases were general otolaryngology (n = 16,620). Case features closely associated with OR duration included procedure performed, surgeon, subspecialty of case, and postoperative destination of the patient. The best‐performing ML models were CatBoost and XGBoost, which reduced operative time MAE by 9.6 minutes and 8.5 minutes compared to current methods, respectively.

Discussion

The incorporation of other easily identifiable features beyond procedure performed and surgeon meaningfully improved our operative duration prediction accuracy. CatBoost provided the best‐performing ML model.

Implications for Practice

ML algorithms to predict OR case time duration in otolaryngology can improve case duration accuracy and result in financial benefit.
Sex Disparities in Pediatric Acute Rhinosinusitis: A National Perspective
Authors: Shah Vraj P. , Haimowitz Sean Z. , Desai Amar D. , Barron Kendyl , Patel Prayag , Fang Christina H. , Grube Jordon G. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study aims to provide an age‐stratified analysis of associations with patient sex in pediatric inpatients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

National administrative database.

Methods

The 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database was queried for pediatric inpatients (<21 years old) with ARS (ICD‐10J01). Orbital and intracranial sequelae were selected viaICD‐10codes. Statistical associations by sex were determined via univariate and multivariable analyses. Weighted measures are reported to provide national estimates.

Results

Of the 5882 patients identified with ARS, 2404 (40.9%) were female and 3478 (59.1%) were male. Male patients were younger than female patients (mean, 9.3 vs 9.9 years;P<. 001). Multivariable analysis indicated that males and females had similar total charges ($71,094 vs $66,892,P=. 464) and length of stay (5.8 vs 6.1 days,P=. 263). However, male patients underwent more procedures (1.8 vs 1.5,P<. 001). Mortality was similar between male and female patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.91;P=. 664). Male patients also had increased odds for having orbital (OR, 1.58;P<. 001) and intracranial (OR, 1.99;P<. 001) complications. Differences in sex‐dependent sequela risk were starkest in patients aged 14 to 20 years, with male patients being more likely to have orbital (OR, 2.91;P<. 001) and intracranial (OR, 3.86;P<. 001) complications.

Conclusion

In a cohort of pediatric inpatients with ARS, males have increased odds for orbital and intracranial sequelae and undergo more procedures than females. However, males and females have similar charges and length of stay. Our study highlights age‐stratified differences in ARS across patient sex.
A Systematic Review of Head and Neck Cancer Health Disparities: A Call for Innovative Research
Authors: Nallani Rohit , Subramanian Thamara L. , Ferguson‐Square Kiatana M. , Smith Joshua B. , White Jacob , Chiu Alexander G. , Francis Carrie L. , Sykes Kevin J.
Published: February 2022

Objective

(1) Describe the existing head and neck cancer health disparities literature. (2) Contextualize these studies by using the NIMHD research framework (National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities). (3) Explore innovative ideas for further study and intervention.

Data Sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Review Methods

Databases were systematically searched from inception to April 20, 2020. The PRISMA checklist was followed (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). Two authors reviewed all articles for inclusion. Extracted data included health disparity population and outcomes, study details, and main findings and recommendations. Articles were also classified per the NIMHD research framework.

Results

There were 148 articles included for final review. The majority (n = 104) focused on health disparities related to at least race/ethnicity. Greater than two‐thirds of studies (n = 105) identified health disparities specific to health behaviors or clinical outcomes. Interaction between the individual domain of influence and the health system level of influence was most discussed (n = 99, 66.9%). Less than half of studies (n = 61) offered specific recommendations or interventions.

Conclusions

There has been extensive study of health disparities for head and neck cancer, largely focusing on individual patient factors or health care access and quality. This review identifies gaps in this research, with large numbers of retrospective database studies and little discussion of potential contributors and explanations for these disparities. We recommend shifting research on disparities upstream toward a focus on community and societal factors, rather than individual, and an evaluation of interventions to promote health equity.
Factors influencing the career intentions of music performance students: An integrated model analysis
Authors: Wang Ziyun , Wong Kwanyie
Published: February 2022

Academia now has not paid much attention to the career intentions of music performance students from integrated cognitive motivation theoretical perspective. This research sought insights into factors influencing the career intentions of music performance students by empirically combining social cognitive career theory and self-determination theory. Undergraduates from seven Chinese music institutions participated in the survey through self-managed online questionnaires. About 422 valid surveys were used for data analysis using Smart-PLS v3.3.3 to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The multiple regression analysis showed that the proposed model explained 58.3% of the career intentions variance. Self-efficacy, social support, and autonomous motivation positively affect career intentions. Autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and career intentions. This research expands the existing literature on the Chinese music performance industry and helps to propose theoretically driven measures for effective intervention to attract and retain these students.
Efficacy and safety of spot heating and ultrasound irradiation on in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis models
Authors: Morihara Ryuta , Yamashita Toru , Osakada Yosuke , Feng Tian , Hu Xinran , Fukui Yusuke , Tadokoro Koh , Takemoto Mami , Abe Koji
Published: February 2022

The feasibility of transcranial sonothrombolysis has been demonstrated, although little is known about the relationships between thermal or mechanical mechanisms and thrombolytic outcomes. Therefore, the present study aims to reveal the effect and safety of temperature and ultrasound through in vitro and in vivo thrombolysis models. Artificial clots in microtubes were heated in a water bath or sonicated by ultrasound irradiation, and then clots weight decrease with rising temperature and sonication time was confirmed. In the in vitro thrombotic occlusion model, based on spot heating, clot volume was reduced and clots moved to the distal side, followed by recanalization of the occlusion. In the in vivo study, the common carotid artery of rats was exposed to a spot heater or to sonication. No brain infarct or brain blood barrier disruption was shown, but endothelial junctional dysintegrity and an inflammatory response in the carotid artery were detected. The present spot heating and ultrasound irradiation models seem to be effective for disintegrating clots in vitro, but the safety of the in vivo model was not fully supported by the data. However, the data indicates that a shorter time exposure could be less invasive than a longer exposure.
The Impact of Workload, Productivity, and Social Support on Burnout Among Marketing Faculty During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Taylor David G. , Frechette Michael
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented event in modern history, transforming the nature of higher education. As course delivery moved online, marketing educators were faced with higher workloads and more demands on their time. Anecdotal evidence suggested that faculty were working more, and as the 2020–2021 school year progressed, reports of fatigue and burnout were prevalent. An empirical study measures the perceived increases in workload among marketing faculty and the outcomes of that work, as well as levels of burnout. In addition, a model of burnout antecedents is proposed and tested. On average, marketing educators experienced moderate levels of burnout, which was increased by work demands in research and teaching, as well as student interaction, whereas research productivity decreased burnout. Burnout was not influenced by gender, rank, tenure status, or institution type.
The politics of dispossession and compensation in the eastern Indian coal belt
Authors: Noy Itay
Published: February 2022

Ethnographic studies in sites of land dispossession for large capital projects have revealed the diversity of local political responses to this process, from fierce resistance to compliance. The theoretical challenge, in this context, is to trace the particular factors that affect this politics, and the conditions under which different reactions to dispossession unfold. Drawing on fieldwork in an Adivasi (tribal) village adjacent to an opencast coal mine in Jharkhand, India, this article seeks to contribute to this inquiry. It illustrates how, in a predominantly precarious labour environment, the possibility of formal employment as compensation for expropriated land, and the ways in which such employment enables class mobility, can play a salient role in shaping local political dynamics around dispossession. The analysis shows how, in the community studied, compensatory jobs for dispossession gave rise to new class differentiation and shifts in political relations that have acted to curb potentialities of resistance – precisely in a context in which opposition to dispossession could have otherwise been considered likelier to emerge.
Energy management and control system for microgrid based wind-PV-battery using multi-agent systems
Authors: Azeroual Mohamed , Boujoudar Younes , Iysaouy Lahcen EL , Aljarbouh Ayman , Fayaz Muhammad , Qureshi Muhammad Shuaib , Rabbi Fazle , Markhi Hassane EL
Published: February 2022

Energy generation is currently evolving into a smart distribution system that incorporates several green energy resources at a distributed level, ensuring that clean energy is generated without releasing harmful gases, that operational procedures are consistent, and that energy management and supervision arrangements are improved. This paper proposes a multi-agent system-based microgrid energy management and proper control in distributed systems. For the complexity of energy management in distributed systems, a multi-agent system-based decentralized control architecture was developed. The proposed technique is based on several smart agents, each agent is based on the microgrid data for energy management and frequency control. The proposed energy management system based on the multi-agent system was tested by simulation under renewable resource fluctuations and seasonal load demand. The simulation results show that the proposed energy management system proved to be more resilient and high-performance controls than conventional centralized energy control systems.
Inequality without Groups: Contemporary Theories of Categories, Intersectional Typicality, and the Disaggregation of Difference
Authors: Monk Ellis P.
Published: February 2022

The study of social inequality and stratification (e.g., ethnoracial and gender) has long been at the core of sociology and the social sciences. In this article, I argue that certain tendencies have become entrenched in our dominant paradigm that leave many researchers pursuing coarse-grained analyses of how difference relates to inequality. Centrally, despite the importance of categories and categorization for how researchers study social inequality, contemporary (as opposed to classical) theories of categories are poorly integrated into conventional research. I contend that the widespread and often unquestioned use of state categories as categories of analysis reinforces these tendencies. Using research on colorism as an inspiration, I highlight several components of what I call the infracategorical model of inequality, which urges researchers to disaggregate difference by shifting our focus from membership in (nominal) categories to the cues of categories, membership in subcategories, and perceived typicality.
Production of alginate films containing Hypericum perforatum extract as an antibacterial and antioxidant wound dressing material
Authors: Mutlu Betül , Erci Fatih , Çakir Koç Rabia
Published: February 2022

The incorporation of herbal extracts in wound dressing materials is an important concept that has been researched recently. In this study, alginate films incorporated in the various ratio (0.25–1% v/v) of Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) for potential applications of wound dressing were successfully prepared by solvent-casting method. The obtained films were examined for cytotoxicity, in vitro wound healing potential, swelling behavior, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. When compared to the alginate film (Al) alone, HPE incorporated alginate films (HPE/Al) exhibit improved antioxidant properties according to the results of CUPRAC assay and antioxidant activity increases with the rate of HPE. Also, HPE/Al films exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and addition with the HPE extract into films significantly increased the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. All film samples had no cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cell line and HPE/Al films showed a proliferative effect with high extract concentrations (1%) compared to extract free-films. Also, scratch assay results show that films containing 0.5% (v/v) HPE may have a positive effect on wound healing. The results have shown that the newly developed HPE incorporated alginate films are a candidate as antibacterial, and antioxidant wound dressing for use on burn or excision wounds.
Sense of Alienation and Its Associations With Depressive Symptoms and Poor Sleep Quality in Older Adults Who Experienced the Lockdown in Wuhan, China, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chen Wen-Cai , Chen Si-Jing , Zhong Bao-Liang
Published: February 2022

Objective

To examine the epidemiology of sense of alienation (SoA) and its associations with depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality (PSQ) in Chinese older adults who experienced lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background

There is a dearth of data on SoA in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Altogether, 543 community-dwelling older adults (50+ years) were recruited via the three-tier mental health network in Wuhan, China, and completed an online questionnaire in April 2020, the first month after the reopening of Wuhan. SoA, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were measured by using the General Social Alienation Scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and a single standardized question, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of SoA was 52.3% (95% confidence interval: 48.1–56.5%). Factors associated with higher levels of SoA were religious belief (β = 1.960, P = .024), monthly family income<4000 RMB (β = 1.405, P = .022), unemployment (β = 1.217, P = .039), fair or poor physical health (β = 2.202, P = .002), never and sometimes receiving community support (β = 2.297, P < .001 and β = 3.417, P < .001), perceiving a low possibility of a cure for COVID-19 (β = 2.379, P < .001), and affirmative and unsure fear of COVID-19 patients (β = 2.025, P = .007 and β = 1.101, P = .027). After adjusting for sociodemographic and pandemic-related variables, a one-SD increment in the SoA score was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (Odd Ratio [OR] = 5.59, P < .001) and poor sleep quality (Odd Ratio = 2.00, P < .001).

Conclusion

Over half of the older adults who experienced lockdown felt alienated, and SoA was independently associated with their depressive symptoms and PSQ. Efforts are warranted to address SoA in older adults who experienced lockdown during the pandemic.
The conundrum of the psychological interface: On the problems of bridging the biological and the social
Authors: Fletcher James Rupert , Birk Rasmus H.
Published: February 2022

In this article, we consider how certain types of contemporary biosocial psychiatric research conceptualise and explicate biology-social relations. We compare the historic biopsychosocial model to recent examples of social defeat research on schizophrenia and cultural neuroscience work on affective disorders. This comparison reveals how the contemporary turn towards the ‘biosocial’ within psychiatric research relies upon ideas of the psychological as an interface. This is problematic because psychological notions of ‘experience’ are used as the central mechanics of biosocial processes, but lack any meaningful engagement with considerable debates within psychology and cognitive science about what the mind, and indeed the psychological, actually is, its relationship to social life, and how we should study it. The psychological interface is therefore vital to these biosocial hypotheses but is remarkably underdeveloped in comparison to its biological and sociological components. We argue that biosocial psychiatric research could gain a great deal from engaging with contemporary theorisations of experience and being more critical of vague appeals to psychological phenomena.
Research on the stability enhancement mechanism of multi-parameter interaction of casing treatment in an axial compressor rotor
Authors: Chi Zhidong , Chu Wuli , Zhang Ziyun , Zhang Haoguang
Published: February 2022

The research on geometric parameters of casing treatment (CT) has always been a hot topic, yet the multi-parameter interaction is rarely studied. In order to gain better knowledge of the interaction mechanism of geometric parameters of CT, the experimental and numerical study based on the response surface method has been carried out in an axial compressor rotor. First of all, the statistical analysis based on the database of experimental and numerical results is presented to summarize the influence law of varied parameters on the stability enhancement. It was found that axial overlap, open area ratio, and their interaction had the most significant influence on the stability enhancement of CT. Subsequently, the interaction between axial overlap and open area ratio was analyzed by visualization flow field in details, which provided a deeper insight into stability enhancement mechanism of CT. It indicated that the mass flow and momentum dominated by injection and the suction effect played a key role for extending stability. With smaller open area ratio, it was difficult for the slots to manipulate and control the tip leakage flow or secondary tip leakage flow, resulting in the weak effect of CT on compressor performance. Finally, the underlying flow physics in the tip region and dominant region of CT has also been discussed to penetrate the essential reason of multi-parameter interaction.
The involvement of long noncoding RNA APOA1-AS in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Jiang Ling
Published: February 2022

Objective

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in preeclampsia (PE), and apolipoprotein A-1 antisense RNA (APOA1-AS) and has been found to be associated with a number of diseases. Our study aims to understand the involvement of APOA1-AS in PE.

Methods

Clinically, APOA1-AS expression in early-onset severe PE (EOSPE) patients and healthy controls was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In vitro experiments were divided into control [coculturing trophoblasts with human uterine microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs)], TNF-α [coculturing trophoblasts with UtMVECs treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and TNF-α + control siRNA/APOA1-AS siRNA groups (UtMVECs transfected with control siRNA/APOA1-AS siRNA were cocultured with trophoblasts in the presence of TNF-α). The animals were divided into normal group, PE group (PE model was established by administrating nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in rats), PE + control siRNA group (PE rats were treated with control siRNA), and PE + APOA1-AS siRNA group (PE rats were treated with APOA1-AS siRNA).

Results

Increased APOA1-AS was found in the placental tissues of EOSPE patients. APOA1-AS siRNA abolished the decreased integration of trophoblasts into UtMVEC networks induced by TNF-α. Furthermore, APOA1-AS siRNA improved pregnancy outcomes in PE rats with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor (Flt-1) but decreased expression of E-cadherin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).

Conclusion

Downregulation of APOA1-AS protected against TNF-α-induced inhibition of trophoblast integration into endothelial networks, thus exerting protective effects against PE rats.
Aseptic meningitis as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: Case series
Authors: Cheok Lay Hock , Lee Wendy Wan Hui , Cheng Wee Mee , Cheong Yaw Kiet , Teh Cheng Lay
Published: February 2022

Aseptic meningitis is a rare presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). High index of suspicion is crucial when there is suboptimal response to the initial standard meningitis treatment and presence of connective tissue disease symptoms. We report 3 cases of aseptic meningitis as the main initial presentation of SLE. The diagnosis of SLE as the underlying cause of the aseptic meningitis was supported by the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings. All patients showed good response after treated with immunosuppressant therapy.
Exponentially weighed moving average charts for monitoring zero-inflated proportions with applications in health care
Authors: Maravelakis Petros E. , Rakitzis Athanasios C. , Castagliola Philippe
Published: February 2022

In the context of public health surveillance, the aim is to monitor the occurrence of health-related events. Among them, statistical process monitoring focuses very often on the monitoring of rates and proportions (i.e. values in [Formula: see text]) such as the proportion of patients with a specific disease. A popular control chart that is able to detect quickly small to moderate shifts in process parameters is the exponentially weighed moving average control chart. There are various models that are used to describe values in [Formula: see text]. However, especially in the case of rare health events, zero values occur very frequently which, for example, denote the absence of the disease. In this paper, we study the performance and the statistical design of exponentially weighed moving average control charts for monitoring proportions that arise in a health-related framework. The proposed chart is based on the zero-inflated Beta distribution, a mixed (discrete-continuous) distribution, suitable for modelling data in [Formula: see text]. We use a Markov chain method to study the run length distribution of the exponentially weighed moving average chart. Also, we investigate the statistical design as well as the performance of the proposed charts. Comparisons with a Shewhart-type chart are also given. Finally, we provide an example for the practical implementation of the proposed charts.