bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical model for the optimal design of a brushless DC wheel motor
Authors: Brisset S. , Brochet P.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Analytical models are often used in the first steps of the design process. They are associated with optimisation methods to find a solution that fulfil the design specifications. In this paper, the analytical model of an electric motor is built and proposed as a benchmark to highlight the optimisation methods the most fitted to analytical models.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper studies the optimal design of a brushless DC wheel motor. First, the analytical model is presented. Each equation used for the sizing is described, including the physical phenomenon associated, the hypotheses done, and some precautions to take before computing. All equations are ordered to ease their resolution, due to a specific procedure which is then described. Secondly, three optimisation problems with an increasing number of parameters and constraints are proposed. Finally, the results found by the sequential quadratic method point out the special features of this benchmark.

Findings

The constraint optimisation problem proposed is clearly multimodal as shown in the results of one deterministic method. Many starting points were used to initialise the optimisation methods and lead to two very different solutions.

Originality/value

First, an analytical model for the optimal design is detailed and each equation is explained. A specific procedure is presented to order all equations in order to ease their resolution. Secondly, a multimodal benchmark is proposed to promote the development of hybrid methods and special heuristics.
Product personality and its influence on consumer preference
Authors: Govers P.C.M. , Schoormans J.P.L.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Beyond their functional utility products have a symbolic meaning. Parts of this symbolic meaning are accounted for by concepts like brand personality and product‐user image, which describe the symbolic meaning associated with the brand or product class. However, the physical product also carries symbolic meaning. That part of the symbolic meaning that refers to the physical product itself, and is described with human personality characteristics, is called product personality. The purpose of this article is to show that product personality positively influences consumer preference through a congruence effect.

Design/methodology/approach

A two‐phase study was conducted. In the first phase, product‐personality congruence was measured. The second phase was used to establish user‐image congruence.

Findings

The results indicate that people prefer products with a product personality that matches their self‐image. Moreover, this positive effect of product‐personality congruence is found to be independent of the user‐image congruence effect.

Originality/value

Previous research has shown that product variants can be designed to have a specific personality. This study has shown that product‐personality congruence has a positive effect on consumer preference.
Shades of green: linking environmental locus of control and pro‐environmental behaviors
Authors: Cleveland Mark , Kalamas Maria , Laroche Michel
Published: July 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of various attitudes and personality characteristics on environmentally‐friendly behaviors, from a locus of control (LOC) perspective. Specifically, we developed and tested a model linking a related construct, environmental locus of control (ELOC), to a series of pro‐environmental behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

The context related to various personal and household behaviors vis‐à‐vis the environment, and the subject pool consisted of a diverse group of urban consumers. A survey was employed to measure various attitudinal and personality variables corresponding to internal/external locus of control, as well as a battery of pro‐environmental behaviors. The research propositions were tested using a structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

We found four distinct dimensions of ELOC, two of which relate to an external LOC (“biospheric‐altruism” and “corporate skepticism”) and the other two relate to an internal LOC (“economic motivation” and “individual recycling efforts”). We then linked these four dimensions to a variety of pro‐environmental behaviors. Highly variable patterns were obtained, with different dimensions assuming a greater or lesser impact, or no role at all, depending on the specific behavior under analysis.

Research limitations/implications

Generalizability of the findings is limited due to the sample (urban consumers from one major city), and the method employed (validity of self‐report measures and the non‐experimental nature of the field study).

Practical implications

Our findings highlight the importance of considering the specificity of pro‐environmental behaviors, when assessing the antecedent roles of pro‐environmental attitudes/dispositions, which are in‐and‐of‐themselves, complex and multidimensional.

Originality/value

In this era of environmental degradation, researchers, managers, and public policy makers alike need to consider that pro‐environmental attitudes are composed of multiple dispositional facets, and that the role of these facets is highly context‐specific.
Our Byzantine heritage: consumption of the past and its experiential benefits
Authors: Chronis Athinodoros
Published: July 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' attraction to the past and the experiential benefits associated with past‐related consumption practices.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretive study was undertaken using a heritage exhibition in Greece as an appropriate context. A total of 49 interviews using the central premises of phenomenological research were conducted in which 82 individuals participated. Informants were asked to elaborate on their consumption experience. Verbal data were analyzed and interpreted using theoretical guidance by Lowenthal's pioneering work on people's attraction to the past.

Findings

Six experiential benefits are found that are prevalent among consumers in their contact with the past: the experience of knowledge, cultural identity, cultural values, escape in time, aesthetic appreciation, and narrative connection. These benefits are embedded on existing cultural narratives that are further enriched through consumption practices. Moreover, the beneficial consumption outcomes of the past are mediated by imagination that functions as a “linking glue” and a “creative force” in the construction of narrative vignettes.

Research limitations/implications

Although this discovery‐oriented study provides insight into the consumption of the past, its exploratory nature does not guarantee generalizability beyond the convenience sample employed and the specific context. Further research should also investigate the extent to which the specific consumer benefits are prevalent in other consumption experiences.

Practical implications

This research provides orientation for the management of experiential products. Marketers can facilitate consumer experiences through the appropriate staging of the servicescape in both substantive and communicating ways. Specific direction can be taken by paying attention to each of the identified experiential benefits.

Originality/value

As experiential consumption rises in consumer research, it is of paramount importance to elucidate what drives consumers in participating and enjoying various consumption experiences. This study provides theoretical guidance to researchers in the area of experiential consumption by elaborating on the benefits associated with the consumption of the past. It also offers suggestions to practitioners for the appropriate management of an experiential servicescape.
The impact of customer relationship marketing on the firm performance: a Spanish case
Authors: Camarero Izquierdo Carmen , Gutiérrez Cillán Jesús , San Martín Gutiérrez Sonia
Published: July 2005

Purpose

While a vast number of studies have pointed out the keys of relationship marketing practices in consumer markets, little attention has been paid to the value the organization can get from such strategies. The literature provides relatively little support for the effectiveness of relationship marketing programs. The purpose of this research is to produce some evidence of the association between customer relationship marketing strategies and the market and economic performance of the firm.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed hypotheses are tested in the case of car repair and maintenance services, as a case where long‐term relationships are frequent. The hypotheses were evaluated using a path analysis, which associates relationship marketing activities with market performance (customers' perceptions, market position and loyalty) and market performance with economic performance.

Findings

The findings suggest that the effect of attraction and loyalty programs is greater on market performance than on economic performance. Furthermore, the results show that attracting customers through a good service quality and reaching a good position in the market have greater impact on economic results than loyalty.

Practical implications

As a managerial implication, the authors suggest that service providers should put their efforts on improving quality rather than on promotion, advertising or economic bonus to customers.

Originality/value

This article realizes the importance of product and service quality rather than promotions, advertising or economic bonuses in retaining customer loyalty.
Identifying the attitudes and traits of teachers with an at‐risk student population in a multi‐cultural urban high school
Authors: Calabrese Raymond L. , Goodvin Sherry , Niles Rae
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To identify the attitudes and traits of teachers with an at‐risk student population in a multi‐cultural urban high school.

Design/methodology/approach

A research team consisting of doctoral students and their faculty advisor used an appreciative inquiry model to identify attitudes and traits of teachers who supported effective teaching in an urban high school with a high at‐risk student population.

Findings

The research team's findings indicate that those perceived as effective teachers were culturally responsive, sought small successes, encouraged students, flexible, and caring. They also formed meaningful relationships with students, had caring attitudes, and viewed themselves as difference‐makers. The research team also found a number of non‐supportive teacher attitudes and traits: blaming, racial attitudes, frustration leading to inflexibility, co‐dependency leading to encouraging the neediness of students, and lack of respect for the contributions made by the surrounding community and parents.

Originality/value

Teachers, administrators, and counselors agreed that forming relationships and caring for students were at the core of the attitudes and traits of effective teaching. Moreover, teachers with effective attitudes and traits were seen as having the ability to integrate into the school and surrounding community's culture to encourage students to succeed in school.
The (un)intended outcome of public sector performance measurement
Authors: Adcroft Andy , Willis Robert
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To consider the extent to which regimes of performance measurement in the public sector are fit for purpose, and the likely outcomes for public services and public sector workers of such performance measurement systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The article considers four key issues: the context and content of performance measurement in the public sector, the specific examples of health care and higher education, the limitations of performance measurement systems, and the likely outcomes of performance measurement systems.

Findings

Current systems of performance measurement in the public sector are unlikely to have a significant influence on improving services. The most likely outcomes of these systems is further commodification of services and deprofessionalisation of public sector workers.

Originality/value

The article builds on established literature and offers a systematic metaphor‐driven critique of performance management in the public sector, and discusses the implications of this.
Civil Service resiliency and coping
Authors: Caverley Natasha
Published: July 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to explore the interrelationship between workplace stress, coping and resiliency and their influence on employee health and productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

This general review includes an examination of selected theoretical models within the areas of stress, coping and resiliency. In addition, a conceptual framework is presented which emphasizes the role that personality characteristics and coping strategies play in impacting employees' overall health and productivity within the workplace.

Findings

Through this general review, there is a recognition of the importance of both personality characteristics and coping strategies and their associated influence on employee health and productivity – specifically within Civil Service work settings.

Practical implications

Managers, executives and human resource management practitioners are presented with proposed strategies as a means of examining coping, resiliency and workplace stress within Civil Service work environments.

Originality/value

This article offers readers further insights into understanding why some employees are more or less resilient, given the same stressful situation. In today's Civil Service work environment, continually shifting performance expectations and media/public scrutiny are just two of the features common to working for government agencies. Therefore, the issue of understanding and building resilient Civil Service workforces that are able to handle the multitude of unique demands and constraints placed on them seems not only intriguing, but necessary.
Narrative, identity and change: a case study of Laskarina Holidays
Authors: Brown Andrew D. , Humphreys Michael , Gurney Paul M.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of organizational identity through an analysis of shared identity narratives at the UK‐based specialist tour operator Laskarina Holidays.

Design/methodology/approach

Predicated on a view of organizations as linguistic constructs, it is argued that individual and collective identities are narrative accomplishments, and that organizations tend often to be characterised by identity multiplicity.

Findings

A case study is presented featuring three distinctive but interwoven collective identity narratives (which are labelled “utilitarian”, “normative” and “hedonic”), and these are contrasted with some “dissonant” voices. It is argued that change in organizations is, at least in part, constituted by alterations in people's understandings, encoded in narratives, and shared in conversations.

Originality/value

The research contribution that this paper makes is twofold. First, it makes an argument for theorizing organizational identities as narratives, constituted within discursive regimes, and continuously changing as they are created and re‐created by all participants. Second, it suggests that the narratological approach to theorizing and researching organizational identities is important because it both assists one's efforts to analyze identities as the outcomes of processes of hegemonic imposition and resistance, and allows one to read polysemy back into ethnographic research.
Answers for questions to come: reflective dialogue as an enabler of strategic innovation
Authors: Jacobs Claus D. , Heracleous Loizos Th.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To conceptualize and theorize dialogue's diagnostic as well as generative functions for strategic innovation and organizational change.

Design/methodology/approach

Conceptual development with case illustration.

Findings

Strategic innovation requires shifts in existing mental models of organizational actors that underlie the overall strategy paradigm of a firm. Dialogue as a form of reflective conversation enables actors to alter managers' mental models through conscious, critical exploration.

Research limitations/implications

Conceptual framework introduces reflective dialogue, as a crucial processual element for encouraging shifts in mental maps and as a necessary, but not sufficient condition for strategy innovation; provides an analytical framework for enhancing understanding of the emergent processes of strategic innovation, and for studying shifts in organizational actors' mental models.

Practical implications

Provides organizational change agents and strategists with perspectives and frameworks for appreciating and fostering reflective dialogue in the context of strategic thinking and innovation.

Originality/value

Concept of reflective dialogue and associated frameworks link micro‐levels and macro‐levels of strategy innovation and address critical process elements.
Assessing the balanced scorecard as a management tool for hotels
Authors: Evans Nigel
Published: July 2005

Purpose

This study seeks to assess the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach to strategy and its usefulness for the international hotel industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper undertakes a wide‐ranging literature review which focuses on strategic implementation and the BSC approach, which is compared and contrasted with evidence of practice derived from a survey of hotels in Northeast England.

Findings

In reviewing the literature it is clear that sources relating to the more detailed implementation issues of strategy (which is where BSC can be cited) is relatively scarce. Furthermore the strategy literature relating to the hospitality sector is relatively weakly developed. However, the reports are available which indicate the usefulness of a BSC approach, albeit modified to suit individual circumstances, but also point to potential pitfalls in its implementation. The primary research conducted indicates that a wide variety of measures are currently being used and that many hoteliers are using measures from all four of the category groupings identified in the BSC framework.

Research limitations/implications

The primary research is based on a limited survey of hotels and it is recognised that further research is necessary to establish the exact nature of the causal linkages between performance measures and strategic intent and also to gain insights into practice elsewhere.

Practical implications

The paper considers a broad range of generic and industry‐specific literature sources and concludes that, despite its limitations, such a structured approach to strategy provides a useful managerial tool for hotel managers.

Originality/value

The paper will be useful to academics with an interest in strategic implementation and performance measurement, and also to practitioners seeking an understanding of a practical managerial tool in terms of its benefits and potential difficulties.
Why hotels adopt ICTs: a study on the ICT adoption propensity of hotels in Thailand
Authors: Sahadev Sunil , Islam Nazrul
Published: July 2005

Purpose

This study aims to explore the propensity of adoption of ICT‐based facilities by hotels in the hospitality sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The factors that influence a hotel's propensity to adopt ICTs are broadly divided into location‐related and firm‐related. The relative impact of the factors on the ICT adoption propensity was analyzed through a survey amongst 95 hotels from seven locations in Thailand.

Findings

The findings give valuable insights for the marketers of ICTs who wish to gain entry into the hotel sector, and help them in better focusing their sales and marketing efforts.

Originality/value

The study provides researchers and suppliers of ICT‐based facilities with a framework for predicting the adoption propensity of potential customers.
Editorial
Authors: Blake Simon
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To explore the importance of joining up and making the links between different topic areas within health education, as well as the importance of working effectively with key partners including children, young people and their families.

Design/methodology/approach

The editorial draws on a range of national participation and practice development projects to offer some of the views and ideas of children and young people in relation to health education planning, development and delivery.

Findings

Children and young people want to participate in the development of health education; they want it to focus on both the physical and the emotional aspects of health and reflect the realities of their lives; they want professionals to work alongside parents, and for education to be well linked to confidential advice and support.

Practical implications

This editorial encourages practitioners to reflect on their practice and consider how they are joining up the different content areas in health education, e.g. sex, alcohol and risk taking, how they are joining up education with health services and how professionals are working with children, young people and their families to develop high‐quality consistent health education.

Originality/value

The paper serves as a reminder to colleagues to draw on the expertise of children and young people and to consider whether and how their work is reflecting the realities of children's lives.
Protecting students and faculty from environmental tobacco smoke
Authors: Bower Glenna G. , Enzler Dave
Published: July 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine a Midwest university in North America over a one‐year period on current smoking policies and programs, student support for implementing additional smoking policies, and to produce a follow‐up report on supporting policies that were approved by administration.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers used a convenience sample from a four‐year public university located in the Midwestern USA. A four‐year public university is a publicly funded institution of higher learning awarding baccalaureate, Master's and doctoral degrees. Data were collected from administrators (n=6) and on Assessment Day of all freshmen (n=1,743) and juniors (n=643) at the university. Data were collected through document mining, a survey instrument, interviewing, and observation. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize frequency data for this study.

Findings

The data produced some interesting findings. First, the study provided college administrators with a model to follow in moving forward in developing policies for their students, faculty and staff. Second, the study offered support for implementing practical policies which may save the universities money, while protecting students, faculty, and staff from harmful environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Finally, the study addresses the need of the university to implement and enforce policies on campus that will embrace tobacco control.

Research implications

The implications of this study are that other universities may utilize the steps involved in this study to move forward in developing policies for their employees, universities may utilize this information by stressing that students are less likely to begin smoking if the university or campus offers smoke‐free resident halls and apartments, and fire safety is increased by banning smoking in resident halls and apartments.

Originality/value

Embraces more comprehensively than previously the situation, treatment and future research regarding smoking among college students in the USA.
Cervical cancer screening and perceived information needs
Authors: Whynes David K. , Clarke Katherine , Philips Zoë , Avis Mark
Published: July 2005

Purpose

To identify women's sources of information about cervical cancer screening, information which women report receiving during Pap consultations, information they would like to receive, and the relationships between perceived information needs, personal characteristics and information sources.

Design/methodology/approach

Logistic regression analysis of questionnaire data obtained from 408 screen‐eligible women resident in east central UK.

Findings

Programme documentation and the Pap consultation represent the main sources of information, although a sizeable proportion rely on other sources (e.g. mass media). The range and frequency of information services which women report receiving during their Pap consultations are variable, and around one‐sixth of women report never receiving information. “Always wanting information” is predictable from subject characteristics, which do not map precisely, owing to the variation in frequency of information being supplied. Age and women's main sources of information are significant predictors of perceived information shortfall, and such shortfalls are associated with dissatisfaction with the screening programme.

Originality/value

Covers all aspects of women's attitudes towards satisfactory or unsatisfactory availability of external information in the matter of screening for cervical cancer in the UK.
Educating the fighter: buttonmashing, seeing, being
Authors: Squire Kurt D.
Published: July 2005

Purpose

A growing number of educators are turning to games for a model of next‐generation learning environments. To date, there has been a lack of critical inquiry into what kind of learning occurs through game play, and how games get learned by their players. Aims to plug this gap

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a critical study of Viewtiful Joe, a cult‐classic sidescrolling 2D fighting game for the Nintendo Gamecube. Noted for its difficulty, Viewtiful Joe is an interesting case because, as a fighting game, it embodies many of the principles fundamental to the medium, most of which are missed by educators illiterate regarding the medium. It shows the cognitive complexity that goes into a fighting game, as well as a cutting‐edge example of how to manage that complexity. Far from button‐mashing, success in Viewtiful Joe requires the player to learn to read the game symbol systems, understand Viewtiful Joe's capacities, and see potential interchanges between them.

Findings

The paper analyzes how Viewtiful Joe is structured to balance flow and novelty, encourage players both to develop new skills and to master those they have. Finally, the paper examines how learning occurs through game play as an activity system, using player‐generated FAQs to analyze how gamers represent their practice and suggest theories of expert game practice.

Originality/value

Central to this paper is the argument that playing Viewtiful Joe is a performative act, where declarative knowledge, while clearly present for players, is secondary to players' ability to see and do in real‐time.
Procedural literacy: educating the new media practitioner
Authors: Mateas Michael
Published: July 2005

Purpose

Seeks to argue that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper looks at one of the earliest historical calls for universal procedural literacy, explores how games can serve as an ideal object around which to organize a procedural literacy curriculum, and describes a graduate course developed at Georgia Tech, Computation as an Expressive Medium, designed to be a first course in procedural literacy for new media practitioners.

Findings

To achieve a broader and more profound procedural literacy will require developing an extended curriculum that starts in elementary school and continues through college. Encountering procedurality for the first time in a graduate level course is like a first language course in which students are asked to learn the grammar and vocabulary, read and comment on literature, and write short stories, all in one semester; one's own students would certainly agree that this is a challenging proposition.

Originality/value

New media scholars and practitioners, including game designers and game studies scholars, may assume that the “mere” technical details of code can be safely bracketed out of the consideration of the artifact. Contrary to this view, it is argued that procedural literacy, of which programming is a part, is critically important for new media scholars and practitioners and that its opposite, procedural illiteracy, leaves one fundamentally unable to grapple with the essence of computational media.
Acute psychosis after anesthesia: the case for antibiomania
Authors: PRZYBYLO H.J. , PRZYBYLO JASON H. , TODD DAVIS A. , COTÉ CHARLES J.
Published: July 2005

We report the case of a teenager who developed a postanesthesia acute psychosis (delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations) caused by a reaction to antibiotic therapy (amoxicillin and clarithromycin), so called ‘Hoigne's syndrome’ or ‘antibiomania.’ The differential diagnosis and a review of literature are presented. Our patient illustrates the importance of adding antibiomania as part of the differential diagnosis when altered postanesthesia behavior is observed in pediatric patients.
Randomized trial comparing overnight preoperative fasting period Vs oral administration of apple juice at 06:00–06:30 am in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients
Authors: CASTILLO‐ZAMORA CARLOS , CASTILLO‐PERALTA LUZ A. , NAVA‐OCAMPO ALEJANDRO A.
Published: July 2005

Background : We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of clear liquids orally administered at 06:00–06:30 am on the morning of surgery to reduce prolonged preoperative fasting periods.

Methods : After obtaining informed parental consent, 100 children undergoing scheduled orthopedic surgical procedures, ASA I–II, were randomly allocated to two groups. In group 1, children underwent the typical overnight preoperative period and patients in group 2 received a commercial brand of apple juice (glucose 28 g in 250 ml) at 06:00–06:30 am on the day of surgery. Patients <3 years old received 15 ml·kg−1 and older children 10 ml·kg−1 to a maximum volume of 250 ml. All patients underwent overnight fasting for milk and solids.

Results : Fasting time was 4.8 ± 2.1 h (ranging from 3 to 11 h) in the group receiving apple juice at 06:00–06:30 am and 13.2 ± 3.3 h (ranging from 5 to 19 h) in the overnight‐fasting group (P < 0.05; 95% CI: −9.6 to −7.4 h). More patients were irritable (odds ratio, OR 4.5; 95% CI: 1.9–10.8) and dehydrated (OR 21.6; 95% CI: 5.9–79.0) in the overnight‐fasting group. Glucose levels <2.7 mmol·l−1 (50 mg·dl−1) were not reported in any case.

Conclusions : A 15 ml·kg−1 of apple juice for patients of <3 years of age or 10 ml·kg−1 for older children, at 06:00–06:30 am of the surgical morning is a simple procedure to prevent dehydration and to produce positive behavior in low‐risk, pediatric surgical patients.
Noninvasive ventilation options in pediatric myasthenia gravis
Authors: PIASTRA MARCO , CONTI GIORGIO , CARESTA ELENA , TEMPERA ALESSIA , CHIARETTI ANTONIO , POLIDORI GIANCARLO , ANTONELLI MASSIMO
Published: July 2005

A 10‐month‐old female infant with congenital myasthenic syndrome suffering from acute respiratory failure was supported using facemask positive pressure ventilation until definitive diagnosis and specific treatment was achieved. A 12‐year‐old girl suffering from seronegative myasthenia gravis was treated by helmet‐delivered noninvasive ventilation during recurrent myasthenic episodes. Noninvasive support was really beneficial in the myasthenic crisis with respiratory muscle weakness, whereas a shift to tracheal intubation was necessary when pulmonary infection and multiple atelectasis occurred. The new helmet interface for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation can represent a valuable means of respiratory support in the early phase of respiratory failure in older children.
Effects of short‐term treatment with systemic prednisone on bone healing: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Aslan Muzaffer , Şimşek Göksel , Yildirim Ümran
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  Long‐term systemic use of corticosteroids causes osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture. However, the effect of short‐term use of corticosteroids on bone healing is not well defined. The aim of the present study was to test the influence of short‐term systemic corticosteroid therapy on bone healing. Standardized bone defects (2 mm diameter) were formed in the middle of the femur in 40 male rats. Rats were divided into two groups; control group (n = 20) and prednisone‐treated group (n = 20). Subcutaneous injection of either sterile normal saline (control) or 0.020 mg kg−1 dose of prednisone was administered just before surgery and thereafter daily for 3 days. Histopathological cross sections were taken 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between the prednisone group and the control group. No inhibitory effects were seen following short‐term corticosteroid treatment.
Surgical and orthodontic treatment of an impacted permanent incisor: case report
Authors: Kocadereli İlken , Turgut Melek D.
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  This case report presented a combined surgical/orthodontic treatment of an impacted permanent incisor of a 10‐year‐old boy. Trauma to the primary dentition caused the impaction of the maxillary left permanent central incisor. Application of push coil spring between the adjacent teeth created space for the impacted tooth. A button with an extension of ligature wire was bonded to the maxillary left permanent central incisor to bring it into the arch. The maxillary left permanent central incisor was brought to its proper position after 16 months of active orthodontic treatment.
Vital pulp therapy with mineral trioxide aggregate
Authors: Karabucak Bekir , Li David , Lim Jung , Iqbal Mian
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  The present case report describes the treatment of complicated crown fractures using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA was used as pulp‐capping material after partial pulpotomy to preserve the vitality of the pulpal tissues in two cases. Follow‐up examinations revealed that the treatment was successful in preserving pulpal vitality and continued development of the tooth.
Knowledge and attitude of Jordanian school health teachers with regards to emergency management of dental trauma
Authors: Al‐Jundi Suhad H , Al‐Waeili Haydar , Khairalah Khaled
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  The purpose of this study was to assess, by means of a self administered structured questionnaire, the level of knowledge of school health teachers in northern Jordan with regards to the immediate emergency management of dental trauma. The questionnaire surveyed teacher's background, Knowledge of management of tooth fracture, avulsion, and loss of consciousness, it also investigated teacher's attitudes, and self assessed knowledge, as well as knowledge of availability of emergency services in Jordan. The sample consisted of all school health teachers in northern Jordan (220) who attended an oral health education course held by the Jordanian dental association. Only 190 were included in the survey. Sixty‐three percent were females, 44% were in their twenties, and 43% in their forties. Their school health teaching experience ranged from 1 to 7 years. Only 20% were officially trained in school health. Less than half of the teachers received first aid training only once in their teaching career, not necessarily as part of school health training. Only 10 teachers were trained in dental first aid, and more than half had a previous experience with handling dental trauma in children. Overall the teachers’ knowledge with regards to the emergency management of the trauma cases presented in the report was deficient. Chi‐square test showed that, the difference in their responses to the knowledge part of the questionnaire was not statistically significant with regards to age, gender, years of teaching experience, first aid training, or number of seen trauma cases. Generally, the attitude was positive, most teachers wanting further education on the topic, however those who were trained in first aid, thought they were able to give proper action when needed in cases of trauma (P = 0.026). Most teachers were unsatisfied with their level of knowledge, and only 30% knew of the availability of after hour emergency services for dental trauma. The present report indicated the gross lack of knowledge among school health teachers with regards to dental trauma emergency management. Educational programs to improve the knowledge and awareness of this group of adults, who are usually the first line of advice in case of dental trauma in schools, are mandatory. These programs should be properly designed to insure that proper information is retained with a positive effect on attitude, and self assessed competence.
Clinical investigation of traumatic injuries in Yeditepe University, Turkey during the last 3 years
Authors: Sandalli Nuket , Cildir Sule , Guler Nurhan
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  The aim of this study was to evaluate etiology, types of traumatic dental injuries, treatment and to determine the incidence of complications according to dental injuries in patients who referred to Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey. The study was based on the clinical data of the 161 traumatized teeth in 92 patients. WHO classification slightly modified by Andreasen & Andreasen for dental trauma was used. The causes and localization of trauma, traumatized teeth classification, treatment and complications were evaluated both primary and permanent teeth. The distribution of complications according to diagnosis and treatment of the injured teeth were evaluated. Of 35 (38%) girls and 56 (72%) boys with a mean age 7.6 ± 3.5 (ranging 1–14.2) participated to study and the mean followed up was 1.72 ± 1.28 years (ranging 0.10–3.8 years). From the 161 affected teeth, 69 (42.9%) were in primary teeth and 92 (57.1%) in permanent teeth. The highest frequency of trauma occurred in the 6–12 year age group. Overall boys significantly outnumbered girls by approximately 1:1.6. The most common type of injury in the primary and permanent teeth was seen as luxation (38%) and enamel fracture (20%) of the maxillary central incisors, respectively. Falls were the major sources of trauma both the primary (90%) and the permanent teeth (84%). In the primary dentition, the most common type of soft tissue injury is contusion (62.5%) and in the permanent dentition, it is laceration (49%). The most of the treatment choice was determined as examination only and extraction in primary teeth (58 and 24.6%, respectively) while it was applied as restoration and pulpectomy in permanent teeth (31.5 and 18.5%, respectively). Complications were recorded on 37 teeth (23%) with a most common type of necrosis (10.5%) and dental abscess (7.4%). Necrosis was more frequent in luxation whereas dental abscess were in crown fracture with pulpal involvement in both dentitions. The study showed that boys were more prone to dental traumas than girls. Falls were more frequent trauma type with a high complication risk. It reveals that the time of the immediate treatment showed the important predisposing factors that increase the success of treatment and decrease the risk of complication. The correct diagnosis of dental injuries is more important for eliminating the occurrence of complications.
Level of information concerning dental injuries and their prevention in Swiss basketball – a survey among players and coaches
Authors: Perunski Sandra , Lang Björn , Pohl Yango , Filippi Andreas
Published: July 2005

Abstract –  Basketball carries a medium risk of dental injuries. Swiss data are not available in this respect. Using a standardized questionnaire 302 basketball players from 29 Swiss teams and their 29 coaches were interviewed. The questions focused on the frequency of dental accidents, their prevention and subsequent procedure. The participating 302 players came from three divisions: semi‐professional players of National League A and B (102), amateurs of Regional League 2 and 3 (100) and young people of up to the age of 18 (100). The data were evaluated in relation to division, sex and team function. Of the 331 interviewed persons 102 had already seen a dental trauma in basketball and 55 had already had a dental trauma. Only four of the interviewed persons wore mouthguards. The awareness of the procedure following a dental trauma was unsatisfactory. The results of the survey show that significantly more information and education is required in Swiss basketball not only through sports associations but also through coaches and dentists.
Nonclassical Thermal Effects in Stokes’ Second Problem for Micropolar Fluids
Authors: Ibrahem F. S. , Hassanien I. A. , Bakr A. A.
Published: July 2005

The MCF model is used to study the nonclassical heat conduction effects in Stokes’ second problem of a micropolar fluid. The effects of the thermal relaxation time and the structure wave on angular velocity, velocity field, and temperature are investigated. The skin friction, the displacement thickness, and the rate of the heat transfer at the plate are determined.
Towards Chaos in Vibrating Damaged Structures—Part II: Parametrical Investigation
Authors: Carpinteri Alberto , Pugno Nicola
Published: July 2005

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the complex oscillatory behavior, i.e., the transition to chaos, in damaged nonlinear structures under excitation. In the present paper, Part II, we apply the theoretical approach described in Part I to perform an extensive parametrical investigation. We focus our attention on a cantilevered beam with several breathing cracks subjected to sinusoidal excitation. The numerical simulations have been performed by varying the number of cracks, their depth and position, as well as the amplitude, frequency and position of the excitation, for a total of 83 different cases.
The Fault in the Stress Analysis of Pseudo-Stress Function Method
Authors: Xu B. X. , Wang M. Z.
Published: July 2005

Although Peng Yafei and his co-workers discovered some faults with the pseudo-stress function method suggested by Y. S. Lee in 1987, the authors did not provide convincing arguments. We investigate the crucial assumption in Lee’s method by rewriting it as the form of real part and imaginary part. Through a specific counterexample, we point out that the crucial assumption in Lee’s theory is untenable. Namely, for given Airy’s stress function, it cannot be guaranteed that the pseudo-stress function Λ(x,y) exists. The root cause of the fault with Lee’s method is found in this paper.
Inaccuracy in the Detection of Molecules Using Two Microcantilever-Based Methods
Authors: Luo Cheng
Published: July 2005

Based on mass-loading effect on a microcantilever, there are two approaches for sensing the presence of molecules: dynamic and static methods. In this paper, we demonstrate that the two methods actually use the same form of relationships for their sensing purposes and, if the designed adhesion region of a cantilever is only partially occupied by molecules, then neither method can be applied to accurately determine the number of molecules adsorbed.
Electrostatic Forces
and Stored Energy for Deformable Dielectric
Materials
Authors: McMeeking Robert
M. , Landis Chad
M.
Published: July 2005

An isothermal energy balance is formulated for a system consisting of deformable dielectric bodies, electrodes, and the surrounding space. The formulation in this paper is obtained in the electrostatic limit but with the possibility of arbitrarily large deformations of polarizable material. The energy balance recognizes that charges may be driven onto or off of the electrodes, a process accompanied by external electrical work; mechanical loads may be applied to the bodies, thereby doing work through displacements; energy is stored in the material by such features as elasticity of the lattice, piezoelectricity, and dielectric and electrostatic interactions; and nonlinear reversible material behavior such as electrostriction may occur. Thus the external work is balanced by (1) internal energy consisting of stress doing work on strain increments, (2) the energy associated with permeating free space with an electric field, and (3) by the electric field doing work on increments of electric displacement or, equivalently, polarization. For a conservative system, the internal work is stored reversibly in the body and in the underlying and surrounding space. The resulting work statement for a conservative system is considered in the special cases of isotropic deformable dielectrics and piezoelectric materials. We identify the electrostatic stress, which provides measurable information quantifying the electrostatic effects within the system, and find that it is intimately tied to the constitutive formulation for the material and the associated stored energy and cannot be independent of them. The Maxwell stress, which is related to the force exerted by the electric field on charges in the system, cannot be automatically identified with the electrostatic stress and is difficult to measure. Two well-known and one novel formula for the electrostatic stress are identified and related to specific but differing constitutive assumptions for isotropic materials. The electrostatic stress is then obtained for a specific set of assumptions in regard to a piezoelectric material. An exploration of the behavior of an actuator composed of a deformable, electroactive polymer is presented based on the formulation of the paper.
Strength Analyses of Sandwich Pipes for Ultra Deepwaters
Authors: Estefen Segen Farid , Netto Theodoro Antoun , Pasqualino Ilson Paranhos
Published: July 2005

Design requirements for pipelines regarding both ultimate strength and flow assurance in ultra deepwater scenarios motivated the development of a new sandwich pipe which is able to combine high structural and thermal insulation properties. In this concept, the annulus is filled with low cost materials with adequate thermal insulation properties and good mechanical resistance. The aim of this research work is to perform small-scale laboratorial tests and to develop a finite element model to evaluate the structural performance of such sandwich pipes with two different options of core material. After calibrated in view of the experimental results, a three-dimensional finite element model incorporating nonlinear geometric and material behavior is employed to perform strength analyses of sandwich pipes under combined external pressure and longitudinal bending. Ultimate strength envelopes for sandwich pipes are compared with those generated for single-wall steel pipes with equivalent collapse pressures. The study shows that sandwich pipe systems with either cement or polypropylene cores are feasible options for ultra deepwater applications.
Studies of ammonia dissociation during the gas source molecular-beam epitaxial growth of III nitrides
Authors: Wicks G. W. , Koch M. W. , Pedrazzani J. R.
Published: July 2005

This article presents a method for the observation of ammonia dissociation during the gas source molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of group III nitrides. The mass spectrometer, present in most molecular beam epitaxy machines, is used to detect H2, a biproduct of ammonia dissociation. A direct line of sight, from the mass spectrometer to the substrate, is not required. The technique is used to examine several aspects of the MBE growth of AlN, GaN, and GaInN. Aluminum is approximately six times more efficient in causing ammonia dissociation than is gallium, which in turn is similarly more efficient than indium. During the growth of GaInN, transient effects in ammonia dissociation are observed following indium shutter actuations, indicative of indium surface accumulation.