bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reframing Arabic narratives on Daesh [ISIS] textually through translation: MEMRI’s translation as a case study
Authors: Hijjo Nael F. M. , Almanna Ali
Published: October 2021

Many an ethically minded translator would think twice or thrice prior to translating an ideologically loaded text as they need to reflect the encoded ideologies of the original narrative in the target narrative. Yet, some translators decide, for different reasons, to undermine and challenge the narratives in question, thus applying various reframing strategies to superimpose certain directionality on the original narratives. This paper, therefore, examines the English translations of the Arabic editorials on Daesh (ISIS), published by the Washington-based Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) that has a large impact on the US policy and the public. In this paper, we explain how media translation contributes to (re)framing the current civil war in Syria on the one hand, and how this promotes the narrative of ‘Arab and Muslim terrorists’ on the other. The study finds that by relying on the narrativity feature of selective appropriation, MEMRI extensively employs the textual reframing tools, i.e., addition and omission, thus promoting different narratives of the civil war. We propose that rival narratives could be circulated through translation where the translators reframe the original narratives and reconstruct the embedded narrativity features that, in turn, renegotiate the original arguments.
Arcuate Nucleus Overexpression of NHLH2 Reduces Body Mass and Attenuates Obesity-Associated Anxiety/Depression-like Behavior
Authors: Carraro Rodrigo S. , Nogueira Guilherme A. , Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , Gaspar Rodrigo S. , Dragano Nathalia R. , Morari Joseane , Bobbo Vanessa C. D. , Araujo Eliana P. , Mendes Natalia F. , Zanesco Ariane M. , Tobar Natalia , Ramos Celso D. , Toscaro Jéssica M. , Bajgelman Marcio C. , Velloso Licio A.
Published: October 2021

Nescient helix-loop-helix 2 (NHLH2) is a hypothalamic transcription factor that controls the expression of prohormone convertase 1/3, therefore having an impact on the processing of proopiomelanocortin and thus on energy homeostasis. Studies have shown that KO ofNhlh2results in increased body mass, reduced physical activity, and hypogonadism. In humans, a polymorphism of theNHLH2gene is associated with obesity; and in Prader–Willi syndrome, a condition characterized by obesity, hypogonadism and behavioral abnormalities, the expression of NHLH2 is reduced. Despite clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that NHLH2 could be a good target for the treatment of obesity, no previous study has evaluated the impact of NHLH2 overexpression in obesity. Here, in mice fed a high-fat diet introduced right after the arcuate nucleus intracerebroventricular injection of a lentivirus that promoted 40% increase in NHLH2, there was prevention of the development of obesity by a mechanism dependent on the reduction of caloric intake. When hypothalamic overexpression of NHLH2 was induced in previously obese mice, the beneficial impact on obesity-associated phenotype was even greater; thus, there was an 80% attenuation in body mass gain, reduced whole-body adiposity, increased brown adipose tissue temperature, reduced hypothalamic inflammation, and reduced liver steatosis. In this setting, the beneficial impact of hypothalamic overexpression of NHLH2 was a result of combined effects on caloric intake, energy expenditure, and physical activity. Moreover, the hypothalamic overexpression of NHLH2 reduced obesity-associated anxiety/depression behavior. Thus, we provide an experimental proof of concept supporting that hypothalamic NHLH2 is a good target for the treatment of obesity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObesity is a highly prevalent medical condition that lacks an effective treatment. The main advance provided by this study is the demonstration of the beneficial metabolic and behavioral outcomes resulting from the overexpression of NHLH2 in the hypothalamus. When NHLH2 was overexpressed simultaneously with the introduction of a high-fat diet, there was prevention of obesity by a mechanism dependent on reduced caloric intake. Conversely, when NHLH2 was overexpressed in previously obese mice, there was reduction of the obese phenotype because of a combination of reduced caloric intake, increased physical activity, and increased thermogenesis. In addition, the overexpression of NHLH2 reduced anxiety/depression-like behavior. Thus, NHLH2 emerges as a potential target for the combined treatment of obesity and its associated anxiety/depression-like behavior.
MIF versus SIF Motoneurons, What Are Their Respective Contribution in the Oculomotor Medial Rectus Pool?
Authors: Carrero-Rojas Génova , Hernández Rosendo G. , Blumer Roland , de la Cruz Rosa R. , Pastor Angel M.
Published: October 2021

Multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIFs) are peculiar to the extraocular muscles as they are non-twitch but produce a slow build up in tension on repetitive stimulation. The motoneurons innervating MIFs establish en grappe terminals along the entire length of the fiber, instead of the typical en plaque terminals that singly-innervated muscle fibers (SIFs) motoneurons establish around the muscle belly. MIF motoneurons have been proposed to participate only in gaze holding and slow eye movements. We aimed to discern the function of MIF motoneurons by recording medial rectus motoneurons of the oculomotor nucleus. Single-unit recordings in awake cats demonstrated that electrophysiologically-identified medial rectus MIF motoneurons participated in different types of eye movements, including fixations, rapid eye movements or saccades, convergences, and the slow and fast phases of the vestibulo-ocular nystagmus, the same as SIF motoneurons did. However, MIF medial rectus motoneurons presented lower firing frequencies, were recruited earlier and showed lower eye position (EP) and eye velocity (EV) sensitivities than SIF motoneurons. MIF medial rectus motoneurons were also smaller, had longer antidromic latencies and a lower synaptic coverage than SIF motoneurons. Peristimulus time histograms (PSTHs) revealed that electrical stimulation to the myotendinous junction, where palisade endings are located, did not recurrently affect the firing probability of medial rectus motoneurons. Therefore, we conclude there is no division of labor between MIF and SIF motoneurons based on the type of eye movement they subserve.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn addition to the common singly-innervated muscle fiber (SIF), extraocular muscles also contain multiply-innervated muscle fibers (MIFs), which are non-twitch and slow in contraction. MIF motoneurons have been proposed to participate only in gaze holding and slow eye movements. In the present work, by single-unit extracellular recordings in awake cats, we demonstrate, however, that both SIF and MIF motoneurons, electrophysiologically-identified, participate in the different types of eye movements. However, MIF motoneurons showed lower firing rates (FRs), recruitment thresholds, and eye-related sensitivities, and could thus contribute to the fine adjustment of eye movements. Electrical stimulation of the myotendinous junction activates antidromically MIF motoneurons but neither MIF nor SIF motoneurons receive a synaptic reafferentation that modifies their discharge probability.
Neurotransmitter signaling regulates distinct phases of multimodal human interneuron migration
Authors: Bajaj Sunanjay , Bagley Joshua A , Sommer Christoph , Vertesy Abel , Nagumo Wong Sakurako , Krenn Veronica , Lévi‐Strauss Julie , Knoblich Juergen A
Published: October 2021

Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons migrate over long distances from their extracortical origin into the developing cortex. In humans, this process is uniquely slow and prolonged, and it is unclear whether guidance cues unique to humans govern the various phases of this complex developmental process. Here, we use fused cerebral organoids to identify key roles of neurotransmitter signaling pathways in guiding the migratory behavior of human cortical interneurons. We use scRNAseq to reveal expression of GABA, glutamate, glycine, and serotonin receptors along distinct maturation trajectories across interneuron migration. We develop an image analysis software package, TrackPal, to simultaneously assess 48 parameters for entire migration tracks of individual cells. By chemical screening, we show that different modes of interneuron migration depend on distinct neurotransmitter signaling pathways, linking transcriptional maturation of interneurons with their migratory behavior. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive quantitative analysis of human interneuron migration and its functional modulation by neurotransmitter signaling.
Falling Short on The Promise to English Learners: A Report on Year One LCAPs
Authors: Armas Elvira , Lavadenz Magaly , Olsen Laurie
Published: October 2021

California’s Local Control Funding Formula was signed into law in California in 2013 and allowed districts the flexibility to meet their student needs in locally appropriate manners. One year after its implementation, a panel of 26 reviewers, including educators, English Learner (EL) advocates, and legal services staff reviewed the Local Control and Accountability Plans (LCAPs) to understand how districts employ this flexibility to address the needs of ELs. The report uses the English Learner Research-Aligned LCAP Rubrics with 10 focus areas, and reviews sample LCAPs from 29 districts, including districts with the highest numbers/percentages of English Learners in the state, districts representative of California’s geographic Regions, and districts providing quality EL services. The review centers around four questions of the extent to which first-year LCAPs: (1) specify goals and identify outcomes for ELs, (2) identify action steps and allocate funds for increased or improved services for all types of ELs, (3) reflect research-based practices for achieving language proficiency and academic achievement for English Learners in their actions, programs and services, and (4) are designed and implemented with EL parent input as reflected in stakeholder engagement. The results indicate that overall, the LCAP is inadequate as part of the state’s public accountability system in ensuring equity and access for ELs. Six key findings were: (1) difficulty in discerning funding allocations related to EL services and programs; (2) inability to identify districts’ plans for increased services for ELs; (3) lack of explicitly specified services and programs aligned to EL needs; (4) weak approach or missing English Language Development (ELD) or implementation of ELD standards in most LCAPs; (5) weak/inconsistent representation of EL parent engagement; and (6) lack of EL student outcome measures. The authors also present detailed findings for each focus topic and offer district and state level recommendations.
Leaders’ Perspectives on the Preparation of Bilingual/Dual Language Teachers
Authors: Lavadenz Magaly , Ee Jongyeon , Armas Elvira , López Grecya
Published: October 2021

This research and policy brief uplifts findings from a 2020 survey of 223 California school district leaders. Findings regarding the preparation of beginning bilingual/dual language educators indicate that leaders rated teachers’ linguistic competencies in two languages as the most important ability, followed by teachers’ understanding of bilingualism and biliteracy development and linguistic pedagogical knowledge. Respondents rated beginning bilingual teachers’ preparation to meet the needs of their districts/schools as “moderately well” (M=3.1 out of 5). The brief concludes by identifying policy recommendations for state and local levels as well as for institutions of higher education policies and practice in this statewide “new ecology of biliteracy”: (1) data collection and reporting on bilingual teacher demographics and authorization; (2) increased quality of fieldwork and clinical experiences for future bilingual teachers; (3) increased funding for bilingual teacher preparation programs to diversity pipelines into bilingual education preparation programs, recruitment, support, and program completion; and (4) differentiated professional development experiences for beginning bilingual teachers including mentoring, learning communities, and cross-departmental teams.
La importancia ética de la atención especializada a niños
Authors: Aljaro Inostroza María Alejandra
Published: October 2021

He escuchado que hay bastantes odontopediatras preocupados porque reciben pacientes que han sido tratados por dentistas que no son especialistas en niños y, lamentablemente se observan consecuencias de dicha intervención en su comportamiento.
Cambios mandibulares después de una expansión maxilar rápida. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Aliaga-Meza Anthuaneth , Arieta-Miranda Jessica
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es reportar los cambios dentoalveolares y esqueléticos del arco mandibular después de una expansión maxilar rápida (EMR) en denticiones mixtas. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las siguientes bases de datos: Medline/ PubMed, Scopus, LILACS y búsqueda manual en las principales revistas de ortodoncia (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Angle Orthodontics, Seminars in Orthodontics) y en Google Scholar. Los criterios de elegibilidad incluyeron todos los estudios relacionados al tema de la revisión, en inglés y español, sin restricción del año de publicación. De un total de 62 artículos encontrados, se eligieron 10 para ser analizados. Diversos autores coinciden en la presencia de cambios esqueléticos y dentoalveolares espontáneos clínicamente significativos en el arco dental mandibular a corto y largo plazo después de la EMR. Durante el período posterior a la EMR, se pudo observar un desplazamiento anterior mandibular debido a la sobreexpansión del maxilar, además, se registraron cambios dentoalveolares y aumento en el ancho de las arcadas dentarias.
An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Among Adolescents in Primary Care
Authors: Tomcho Margaret M. , Lou Yingbo , O’Leary Sonja C. , Rinehart Deborah J. , Thomas-Gale Tara , Douglas Claudia M. , Wu Florence J. , Penny Lara , Federico Steven G. , Frost Holly M.
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea among adolescents continue to rise. We aimed to evaluate if a universal testing program for chlamydia and gonorrhea improved testing rates in an urban general pediatric clinic and an urban family medicine clinic within a system of federally qualified health care centers and evaluated the feasibility, cost, and logistic challenges of expanding implementation across 28 primary care clinics within a federally qualified health care centers system.

METHODS

A universal testing quality improvement program for male and female patient 14 to 18 years old was implemented in a general pediatrics and family medicine clinic in Denver, Colorado. The intervention was evaluated by using a controlled pre-post quasi-experimental design. The difference in testing rates due to the intervention was assessed by using a difference-in-differences regression model weighted with the inverse probability of treatment.

RESULTS

In total, 15 541 pediatric encounters and 5420 family medicine encounters were included in the analyses. In pediatrics, the unadjusted testing rates increased from 32.0% to 66.7% in the intervention group and from 20.9% to 28.9% in the comparison group. For family medicine, the rates increased from 38.5% to 49.9% in the intervention group and decreased from 26.3% to 24.8% in the comparison group. The intervention resulted in an adjusted increase in screening rates of 25.2% (P < .01) in pediatrics and 11.8% (P < .01) in family medicine. The intervention was well received and cost neutral to the clinic.

CONCLUSIONS

Universal testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea in primary care pediatrics and family medicine is a feasible approach to improving testing rates .
Benefits of Web-based Idea Management System Application
Authors: Mikelsone Elina , Spilbergs Aivars , Segers Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Research web-based idea management system (IMS) application benefits and their relations with different IMS types and how it is all related to the IMS results – idea quality, idea quantity and involvement.
Design/Method/Approach: On the basis of a commercially available web-based IMS study and the analysis of cases of the IMS use, the main benefits of IMS were identified. The survey verified the most typical benefits for the IMS use. On the basis of a thematic analysis of the benefits, they were grouped together in advance in the thematic groups that were addressed. Data collection: the survey of 400 enterprises with web-based IMS experience was carried out. Data analysis: descriptive statistics and MANOVA analysis were utilized.
Findings: The potential benefits of IMS in 4 main groups: the benefits of an idea management (IM) process, the benefits of innovation management, the benefits of cooperation, and the benefits of general management were determined.  According to MANOVA, all groups of benefits have strong connections with all types of a web-based IMS.
Originality/Value: This study fills the previously identified need to clarify the types of IMS and their impact on the results and benefits of IMS application. Academic contribution to the study is (1) it is the broadest survey-based study of the web-based IMS benefits; (2) it applies two classifications of IMS; (3) it explores relations among the results, benefits and IMS types. Practical contribution is the outcomes of the study will help companies to understand what results can be achieved using different types of IMS.
Research Limitations/Future Research: This research opens avenues for the future research on the web-based IMS application in organizations exploring each of the benefit relations with the web-based IMS types.
 
Paper type: Empirical.
The Many Faces of Distance – A Typology of Distance in Management
Authors: Botts Moritz Martin
Published: October 2021

Purpose: Based on the various streams of distance literature in management, a framework is provided to make discourses on distance clear.

Design / Method / Approach: After a review of the most relevant distance concepts, a typology with five categories is introduced, which are then applied to the most relevant distance concepts in management.

Findings: A clear typology helps to clearly define and differentiate the various streams of distance literature.

Theoretical Implications: With the conceptual categories ‘topic’, ‘dimensionality’, and ‘level of analysis’, and the empirical categories ‘variables’ and ‘distance calculation’, distance concepts become more consistent.

Practical Implications: With a terminology for the different aspects of distance, practitioners can focus more clearly on specific remedies to bridge distance.

Originality / Value: The paper offers a new typology of different elements of distance.

Research Limitations / Future Research: The introduced typology will aid in the discussion of distance in management.

 

Paper type: Conceptual
PENGARUH ROCE DAN ROE TERHADAP DIVIDEND YIELD
Authors: Aziza Shifa Miarti , Yusup Deni Kamaludin , Yuniarti Vinna Sri
Published: October 2021

Tujuan utama seorang investor dalam berivestasi adalah dividen. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur kebijakan dividen adalah Dividend Yield. Rasio profitabilitas yang diproyeksikan melalui Return on Capital Employed  (ROCE) dan Return on Equity (ROE) diindikasikan mempengaruhi Dividen Yield.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh ROCE dan ROE terhadap Dividend Yield  pada PT. Waskita Karya, Tbk. Periode 2010-2019. Metode penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data penelitian bersumber dari data sekunder yaitu laporan keuangan tahunan yang telah dipublikasikan oleh perusahaan. Kemudian, analisis data menggunakan analisis asumsi klasik, statistik deskriptif, dan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial ROCE berpengaruh terhadap dividend yield dengan kontribusi sebesar 59.1 persen, ROE berpengaruh terhadap dividend yield dengan kontribusi sebesar 63.9 persen. Dan secara simultan ROCE dan ROE berpengaruh terhadap dividen yield dengan kontribusi sebesar sebesar 65.2% sisanya sebesar 34.8% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar penelitian.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PONDOK PESANTREN (STUDI PADA PONDOK PESANTREN ISTI’DADUL MU’ALLIMIEN JAMBI)
Authors: Syahrizal Ahmad , Anita Efni
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk manajemen keuangan yang diterapkan pada pondok pesantren Isti’dadul Mu’allimien Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendalaman fenomena objek dilapangan.  Hasil yang didapatkan bahwasanya pondok pesantren Isti’dadul Mu’allimien telah bertransfomasi dari hanya pendidikan informal berkembang dengan menyediakan pendidikan formal. Transformasi ini menuntut perubahan pada pengelolaan dan administrasi salah satunya dalam manajemen keuangan. Manajemen keuangan pondok pesantren Isti’dadul Mu’allimien cukup unik dan menarik karena dengan pengasuh dan bendahrawan yang berbasis agama bukan ekonomi dan kepemimpinan yang mulanya “serba-mono” namun dituntut membuat laporan keuangan yang harus menyesuaikan dengan kaidah atau aturan dalam manajemen keuangan. Manajemen keuangan pondok pesantren Isti’dadul Mu’allimien telah memuat dasar-dasar dari manajemen keuangan dimana adanya perencanaan keuangan, pelaksanaan, pelaporan dan evaluasi. Ini berimplikasi, pondok pesantren Isti’dadul Mu’allimien Jambi dapat menjadi contoh bagi pesantren-pesantren lain
PENGARUH RASIO LANCAR DAN RASIO HUTANG TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGEMBALIAN AKTIVA
Authors: Al-Wahhab KH Hasbi Abdul , Suherman Usep Deden , Hamzah Ricky
Published: October 2021

Rasio yang digunakan untuk mengukur perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba adalah tingkat pengembalian aktiva. Laba yang dihasilkan oleh perusahaan dapat diketahui melalui alat pengukuran analisis laporan keuangan salah satunya yaitu rasio lancar dan rasio hutang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh dari rasio lancar dan rasio hutang terhadap tingkat pengembalian aktiva PT. Jakarta  International Hotels & Development (JIHD) baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Sehingga metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif verifikatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif yang terdiri dari uji regresi sederhana dan berganda, korelasi PPM, koefisien determinasi, dan uji hipotesis. Data penelitian bersumber dari data sekunder di mana diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan dari PT. Jakarta  International Hotels & Development (JIHD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial hanya rasio lancar yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengembalian aktiva dengan pengaruh sebesar 66%, sedangkan rasio hutang tidak berpengaruh. Terakhir, secara simultan rasio lancar dan rasio hutang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengembalian aktiva dengan pengaruh sebesar 66.3%.
The Modern State and Legal Policy of the Russian Federation in the Space of Functioning Information and Telecommunications Systems: On Some Problems of Formation and Implementation
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Trofimov Vasily
Published: October 2021

Introduction: building an information society in modern Russia is taking place at an active pace. Digital technologies are penetrating all spheres of public life. These processes are objective, but also require control and management by the state, which must create an adequate regulatory framework regulating a new type of postindustrial (information and digital) relations. To this end, it is necessary to form and implement a purposeful state and legal policy in the space of the functioning of information and telecommunications systems, through which it will be possible to effectively solve all the main tasks. Purpose: to identify the main problems of the formation and implementation of state and legal policy in the space of the functioning of information and telecommunications systems and to formulate directions for their solution. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is the dialectical approach, the information approach, the system method, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the methods of modeling and forecasting, the comparative law approach, the formal-legal method. The provisions of the theory of the information society, the theory of state and legal policy, and the theory of intellectual rights were used as the methodological guidelines for thinking in the framework of the study. Results: the current stage of development of the Russian Federation demonstrates the expansion of the information and digital sphere of social life. This changes the nature and algorithm of public relations, which accordingly sets the state to the task of creating a new legal climate that can ensure law and order in the space of functioning of information and telecommunications systems and the effective implementation of the entire range of subjective rights and obligations of participants in information and digital relations. Conclusions: it is established that to ensure proper organizational and legal conditions in the space of functioning information and telecommunications systems, it is necessary to form and implement a purposeful state and legal policy that is based on the solid scientific foundations, following the principles of consistency and continuality in the development and decision-making, can create adequate and stable organizational and legal foundations for the dynamics of public relations in the new digital reality that modern Russia faces. Some specific legal measures are proposed, including those related to the adoption of the Digital Code, improvement of the mechanism of the legal regulation of intellectual rights arising and implemented in the parameters of information and telecommunications systems, etc.
The Problematic Issues of Defining the Concept of the Rule of Law at the Present Stage of Society Development
Authors:   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin, Sarychev Alexander , Arkhiptsev Ivan ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin, Lukyanova Irina ,   Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D. Putilin
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the concept of the rule of law is rooted directly in the ancient period, which had a significant influence on the legal concepts and theories of such Enlightenment scholars as Grotius, Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and others. For many years, scientists have tried to identify and trace the existing relationship between the concept of the state and human rights, based on the principles of freedom of political and legal relations. The development of legal concepts of scientists and thinkers of several centuries allowed us to form well-established ideas and principles of the rule of law at the present stage. The fundamental principle of the rule of law is the recognition of human and civil rights and freedoms as the highest value. On this basis, the state policy is formed under the influence of the ideas of popular sovereignty, the rule of law, democracy, the mutual responsibility of the individual and the state. The purpose of the study: to study and form the concept and principles of the rule of law, as well as to analyze the measures taken to improve the foundations of the rule of law in the context of the processes of globalization. Methods: the research uses such general scientific methods as the analysis and synthesis of scientists’ positions on the definition of key theoretical concepts in the field of the rule of law, systematic and structural approaches to the consideration of problematic issues, the formal logical method, and others. Results and conclusions: the authors formulated the main reasons for the existence of globalization at the present stage of the development of statehood. In particular, the measures taken by the state to improve the foundations of the rule of law under the influence of these processes taking place in society are considered. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the state policy is developing the ideas for improving the economic, political, legal, technological, socio-cultural, religious, and other areas.
The Standard Charter of a Municipality As a Means of Legal Technique
Authors:   Volgograd Conservatory (Institute) named after P.A. Serebryakov, Kareva Irina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the constitutional changes open a new round of scientific discussion about the place of municipal power in the system of separation of powers. Municipalities are experiencing a shortage of resources. Despite this, they are responsible for the development and adoption of statutes. The work is based on the hypothesis that the use of standard charters allows for more efficient use of the resources of municipalities and the improvement of the quality of the legal text. Purpose: to determine the possibility and necessity of using standard charters of municipalities. Tasks: to establish a link between the resources of a municipality and the effectiveness of its lawmaking; to analyze the examples of standard charters of municipalities; to predict the effect of the application of standard charters; to develop a roadmap for the implementation of standard charters. Methods: analysis, comparative law, predictive, statistical. Results: law-making is very burdensome for small municipalities, and the existing easing is insufficient. In foreign legislation, Russian and foreign practice, standard charters are used to save the resources of municipalities. The mechanism of standard charters has signs of smart regulation. There are two types of standard documents: template documents and model documents (actually standard documents). Conclusions: a comparison of the resources of the municipality with the scope of its rights and obligations revealed an imbalance in the legal regulation of municipal law-making. The model charters of municipalities allow us to solve this problem to some extent. We have proposed concrete steps for the legislative implementation of the legal mechanism of model charters in the digital economy. The analysis of the results of this project may confirm or refute the nature of the model statutes as a manifestation of smart regulation. In the course of the research, the author concluded that the topic of standard documents is not sufficiently studied in the science of legal technology. To eliminate this gap, it is necessary to define the concept and features of standard documents, their place among the tools of legal technology. The study of model documents is particularly important in the light of the upcoming spread of machinereadable law.
Digitalization of Personnel Procedures As a Harsh Reality of Our Time
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Shavin Vasily
Published: October 2021

Introduction: based on the current regulatory framework, draft laws, research, and news in the field of economics and sociology, the paper presents the author’s periodization of the phenomenon of digitalization of personnel procedures. The examples of using the software products of each of the three generations are given. The conclusion is made about the negative consequences of total digitalization. The task is to identify the generations of digitalization of personnel procedures and evaluate the positive and negative features of this process. Methods: the methodological framework for the research is a combination of the following methods of scientific knowledge: comparative law method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the empirical methods (observation, experiment, measurement, comparison). Results: the author’s periodization of the process of digitalization of personnel procedures is proposed, some positive and negative features of this process are given. Conclusions: the software products of the first generation allow you to automatically fill in all the necessary personnel documents with the data of a specific employee. In the second generation, documents are created and “live” completely in electronic form without the need to print them on paper. During the transition to the third generation, individual personnel decisions are made without human participation.
The Theory of “Smart Regulation”: The Ideological and Historical Context of Formation
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Slezhenkov Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the scientific interest in studying the specifics of the formation of the “smart regulation” theory is due to both its controversial nature, novelty, practical orientation, and a certain fragmentary coverage of relevant issues in Russian jurisprudence. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the main ones are the general scientific dialectical, comparative law, logicalsyntactic methods, the semantic methods of cognition, as well as the methods of cause-and-effect analysis, forecasting, synthesis, and analysis. Results: the study reveals the theoretical background and socio-historical context of the emergence of the ideas of “smart regulation”, shows the features of their conceptualization and differences from previous scientific views on the phenomenon of legal regulation. The paper substantiates the conclusions about the need for an expanded interpretation of the ideological and theoretical foundations of “smart regulation”, whose specifics are due to the long tradition of the development of previous political and legal thought.
The Problems of the Legal Regulation of Big Data
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Churilov Alexey
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the development of technologies for collecting and processing information gave rise to the emergence of a recent phenomenon on the market – Big Data, which is in a certain conflict with the current legislation on personal data. Objective: to study the problems and features of the legal regulation of Big Data considering their technological features. Methods: the methodological basis of the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the primary place is occupied by the methods of historicism, systematic method, analysis. Results: the problems of compliance of the current regulation of relations regarding personal data with the realities of the technological development of society were analyzed, including the compliance of Big Data technology with the general principles of processing personal data, reflected in both domestic and foreign legislation. Conclusions: the author concludes that regulation of personal data lags the needs of entrepreneurs using Big Data in their work, and the need for a careful choice of a model for the legal regulation of relations arising from the use of this technology to achieve a balance of private and public interests.
Methodological Features of Studying the Interests of the Subjects of Property Rights
Authors:   Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherov, Ryzhik Andrey
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the problem of identifying the features of studying the interests of the subjects of property rights is of great methodological importance. The question of what are the specifics of the study of a particular scientific problem is the key one that sets the beginning of the entire process of scientific knowledge. The purpose of the study: to identify the features of studying the legal institute of the interests of the subjects of property rights. Methods: the research involved both general methods of scientific knowledge and private law methods, namely, formal legal, the method of interpretation of legal norms, comparative legal analysis. Results: the problems of the interests of the subjects of property rights were studied from different conceptual and methodological positions. Along with the applied and theoretical level, a theoretical and cognitive approach to the study of the interests of property rights subjects is proposed. Special attention is focused on the development of linguistichermeneutical and anthropological components of the modern methodology of cognition. The opinion on the need to take into account these trends in the study of the problems of interests of subjects of various forms of ownership is justified. Conclusions: the features of studying the interests of the subjects of property rights are that highlighting the applied and theoretical levels, it is advisable to focus on the actual theoretical and cognitive core of the study of this legal institute, on the positioning of the content, features of the legal vision, understanding of the legal reality. The models and mechanisms for the realization of the interests of owners in modern Russian law should be studied from a philosophical and sociological perspective, as well as from the perspective of the development of modern theoretical jurisprudence. One of the current trends in the field under study is the strengthening of the role of linguistic and anthropological components in studying the interests of subjects of private, state, and other forms of property. These developing areas of the methodology of knowledge of law open up new opportunities for the interpretation and understanding of legal texts and legal vocabulary.
The European Union and the United Kingdom: New Legal Framework for Cooperation
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Galushko Dmitry
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the paper analyzes the main stages of the negotiation process between the European Union and the United Kingdom on the issue of concluding a basic agreement regulating the future relations of the two parties in various areas of cooperation. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the political and legal aspects of the negotiation process for the conclusion of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the content of its main provisions, and the impact on the future framework of relations between the parties. Methods: in the course of the study, both general scientific methods of cognition and private legal methods (formal-legal, historicallegal) were used. Results: the paper proves that, despite all the difficulties that arose during the negotiation process throughout 2020, the parties managed to overcome numerous differences and conclude a basic agreement that outlined the future framework of relations between the EU and the UK. Conclusions: the analysis showed that the Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the EU and the UK is unlikely to be the endpoint of the Brexit process. Although the Agreement establishes a framework for interaction on many issues, however, the parties are expected to continue to review and adjust the legal framework of the relationship, since, on the one hand, it is possible to supplement the Agreement on Trade and Cooperation with other treaties to regulate other areas of crucial importance for the parties that are not covered by the document, and on the other hand, also concerning some issues that, although settled, will soon require additional legal regulation, which indicates that the historic Brexit process is far from complete.
On the Issue of Criminal Liability of Legal Entities in the Russian Federation Through the Prism of Harmonization of Law
Authors:   Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Bagaev Ibragim , Sitnik Vladislav ,   Institute of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, Plutalov Ivan ,   Tushinsky Interdistrict Investigative Department of the SU for the NWAO of the GSU of the IC of the Russian Federation for Moscow
Published: October 2021

Introduction: despite the fact that the first legal entities appeared in Ancient Rome, the modern Russian legislation refers to them only as the subjects of civil and administrative responsibility. In accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter, referred to as UK RF), only sane individuals who have reached the age of criminal responsibility are subject to criminal liability. Against the background of this provision, the possibility of introducing the criminal liability of legal entities, at first glance, is rather doubtful. The arising doubts are also supported by the fact that neither a single principle, no a norm or institution of criminal law of the Russian Federation is applicable to a legal entity. However, in the vast majority of foreign countries, this institution has been successfully operating for many years, during which it has shown the validity and the objective necessity of its existence, in whose connection the authors aim to investigate the problems of introducing the criminal liability of legal entities in the Russian Federation. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of systematicity, abstraction, analysis and comparative law. Conclusions: as a result of the study of the domestic, international and foreign experience, in particular, the international treaties of the Russian Federation and the criminal legislation of various countries, the proposals are formulated for the legislative regulation of the criminal liability of legal entities in the Russian Federation, as well as the need for further legal rethinking of the problem, which will be expressed in drawing public attention to the importance of this issue, its legislative regulation, the review of previously submitted draft federal laws on introducing the criminal liability of legal entities in order to identify and eliminate the provisions that prevent their adoption.
Factors for Establishing the Limits of Legal Regulation
Authors:   Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Zaitseva Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the knowledge of the legal regulation sphere and its limits is impossible without the analysis of the factors under the influence of which it is formed. Despite the obvious significance, the factors of establishing the limits of legal regulation did not become an independent subject of research but were only indirectly affected in the context of the analysis of the legal education factors. Meanwhile, these factors are of independent importance and need additional reflection. Their identification and clarification contribute to the introduction of the concept of “smart regulation” in the law-making policy of the modern state. Purpose: to identify the factors of setting the limits of legal regulation. Methods: the methodological framework for the study was made up of the general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition. Results: the analysis of the factors of the establishment of the legal regulation sphere and its limits with the aim of its most adequate reflection as a subject of legal regulation is a necessary condition for improving the effectiveness of the law-making policy of the modern state. Conclusions: the factors that determine the limits of legal regulation can be objective and subjective. The objective factors determine the limits of the sphere of legal regulation; as such, it is necessary to consider the properties of public relations that have a legal nature, which in turn are under the influence of the objective factors of a natural and social nature, traditionally referred to as lawforming. The main natural factors should include biological, geographical, climatic, and physiological factors. The main objective social factors are scientific and technological, axiological, economic, and psychological. The identification of the sphere of legal regulation and its consolidation as a subject of legal regulation are caused not only by the influence of the objective factors but also by the subjective ones, which should include political-legal, scientific-cognitive, and technical-legal. All these factors interact with each other and “work” in the system. Depending on the specifics of the public attitude that is in the sphere of legal regulation and is fixed as its subject, the influence of various factors will be unequal.
“Smart Regulation” Means that Influence Consumer Choice of Healthy Products
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kozlova Marina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: choosing healthy foods is vital for every person. The means of legal regulation can be used to ensure healthy choices. The purpose of the study is to identify the main means of “smart regulation”, acceptable and effective in the field of relations with the participation of consumers. The paper uses the methods of description and interpretation; the theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: taking into account the achievements of behavioral economics, it is necessary to recognize that a person is prone to irrational behavior, misjudging information, and possible risks. “Smart regulation” involves achieving the desired result in the simplest possible way, including the so-called “nudge”, which makes it easier to choose the desired behavior. Nudge tools in government regulation can be used to make choices in favor of healthy foods. The consumer protection legislation uses the methods to determine the architecture of consumer choice in favor of healthy, high-quality, safe food. The state can establish rules that require manufacturers to indicate a certain set of information on the product, and sellers – to lay out the products in such a way that the consumer’s attention is focused on healthy products. Conclusions: in relationships involving consumers, it is necessary to use “smart regulation” means to influence the choice of healthy foods. The basis for the use of such means is to bring to the attention of consumers proper and reliable information about the principles of a healthy diet, as well as about the product, its ingredients, and features. Such information can be placed in the form of product labels, which should be clear and understandable.
Blockchain and Other Technologies in the System of Traditional State and Legal Institutions
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Zykov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

Introduction: the technologies of blockchain, cryptocurrencies, and smart contracts in the context of philosophical and legal issues require their understanding. There is a voluminous body of literature on this subject today. However, the main leitmotif of the vast majority of publications is a simple description and further understanding of the structure of these technologies, the order of their implementation, development, and operation. The theoretical and philosophical aspects of the study of these new phenomena are not sufficiently covered. As a rule, the works simply postulate the legal nature of the technologies being studied. But at the same time, all national states have the problem of regulating these regulatory technologies themselves, which are autonomous information and telecommunications systems that do without an intermediary in the person of the state or other official authorities. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the issue of the nature of these technologies, their relationship, and mutual influence with the traditional regulatory institutes. Methods: formal-legal, systematicity, comparison, generalization, and analysis. As a result, the author emphasizes that these digital technologies, although they contain claims to a symbiotic reconciliation with the traditional institutes, are a completely new, alternative regulatory system. The basis of this system is not the legal principle of “if-then-otherwise”, which emphasizes the possibility of free action, but the principle of the physical law of “if-then”, as in the scenario language of a program code, where every event and action is invariant. The paper substantiates the conclusion that these technologies will exist in parallel with the traditional state-legal institutes, competing for the regulation of a significant part of civil law relations, as an appendix to a paper contract in terms of automating the mode of performance, and as the main contract based on the program code.