bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Müftü Ahmet İzzet Efendi (Çalgüner)
Authors: Haytoğlu Ercan
Published: December 2023

"Müftü Ahmet İzzet Efendi was born in the village of Süller in Çal district, as the son of Mehmet Hamdi Efendi and Emine Hanım. After receiving his primary education from his father, he went to Istanbul for his further education. Upon completing his education, he went back to the village of Süller and was occupied with educating students in the madrasa of his father. On May 17, 1911, he became the müftü of Çal district. Müftü Efendi, who gained the love and respect of his students and the people, made important contributions during the National Struggle. He worked for the establishment of the National Committee in Çal. Mufti Efendi made significant contributions during the War of Independence. He worked for the establishment of the Heyet-i Milliye in Çal. He served as the head of the established Heyet-i Milliye and maintained close relations with the Heyet-i Milliye of Denizli. On May 17, 1919, he gathered the people in front of Çal Bazaar Mosque and urged them not to remain silent against the occupation of Izmir and the occupations in other cities. After that, he never gave up his call against the occupations. After the occupation of Izmir, he became the symbol name of the resistance movement in Çal. He fought hard for the establishment of the Çal Committee of Nationality and took action to gather the necessary volunteers for the struggle. In order to strengthen the Kuvâ-yı Milliye movement in Denizli, he traveled to the villages in and around Çal and tried to collect volunteers by visiting accidents such as Dinar. He armed the volunteers he collected, took the lead of the volunteers and went to the Aydın-Köşk front with them and fought with the Greek forces. He showed great devotion in arming his volunteers and meeting their shelter and food needs. When the Greek forces came to the Çal region after the June 22 attack, Mufti Ahmet İzzet Efendi became the person sought by the Greeks for revenge. His madrasah in Suller was burned down by Greek soldiers and his house was turned into a headquarters. Mufti Ahmet İzzet Efendi, who played a role in the National Struggle from the beginning until the establishment of the regular army at the cost of his life, was among the muftis who did not hesitate to sign the Ankara Fatwa issued against the fatwa of the Istanbul Government. Mufti Efendi, who led and led the people, continued to teach in his madrasah in Süller after the National Struggle as the mufti of Çal. He retired as mufti in 1952 and died on June 6, 1952."
"Heyeti Temsiliye’nin Teşkilatlanma Sürecinde Güney Marmara Bölgesi (24 Temmuz 1919-12 Ocak 1920)"
Authors: Sofuoğlu Adnan , Bilgin Taner
Published: December 2023

"Following the occupation of İzmir by the Greeks, congresses were organised in many parts of Anatolia. Erzurum Congress (23 July- 7 August 1919) is one of the most important congresses in terms of its decisions. In addition to regional decisions, it was also decided to organise a Representation Committee in Anatolia away from the influence of the occupation forces and to convene a congress in Sivas that concerns the entire Anatolian geography. In order to convene the Sivas Congress, delegates were also requested from the provinces in the South Marmara region. With the establishment of the Representative Committee, the National Struggle gained an organised and regular structure. The Representation Committee worked in Anatolia almost as a second government. This situation was taken into consideration by the Istanbul Government during Ali Rıza Pasha's regency and a meeting was organised with the Delegation. During the meeting, it was decided to open the Parliament and the delegation received the opinions and demands of the region through its members in the South Marmara region during this process. On 12 January 1919, Meclis-i Mebusan (the Ottoman Parliametn) was opened and members from the provinces of the Southern Marmara region participated in it. Nevertheless, the struggle between the Istanbul Government and the National Movement continued. In this section, the events concerning the South Marmara region during the formation of the Representative Committee are analysed."
Yunan Taarruzu ve Güney Marmara
Authors: Sofuoğlu Adnan , Bilgin Taner
Published: December 2023

"The occupation of the Greek army in Western Anatolia expanded to the Bursa-Uşak line with the forward operating on 22 June 1920. Meanwhile, the Turkish army was in an effort to transition from the Kuvâ-yı Milliye troops to the regular army. On 24 October 1920, the failure of the Gediz Assault revealed that the occupation could not be ended with irregular troops, and the Western Front was divided into two on 9 November 1920 by accelerating the regular army efforts. İsmet Bey was appointed as the Western Front Commander and Refet Bey was appointed as the Southern Front Commander. It was aimed to turn the Kuvâ-yı Milliye troops into a regular army as soon as possible. During the efforts to integrate the forces of Çerkez Ethem into the regular army, the Greeks took advantage of this complicated situation and took action. With the First Battle of Inönü, which took place on 6-10 January 1921, the Greek army was stopped, and then the transition to the regular army was completed by going against Çerkez Ethem. The London conference convened after the First Battle of Inönü did not yield any results, but it served to recovery the Greek army. As the Turkish delegation was on its way back, the Greek army went on the offensive again. The fact that they were once again stopped by the Second Battle of Inönü angered the Greek forces. After this battle, the intensity of Greek oppression increased in the regions under their occupation. Then, another offensive was planned in order to force the Ankara Government to accept the Treaty of Sèvres by leaving the Ankara Government in a difficult situation, which was the main purpose of the Greek occupation in Anatolia. In line with this plan, the Greek army gathered its forces for an assault along the Kütahya-Eskişehir line. As a result of the battle that took place between 10-24 July 1921, the Turkish army was forced to retreat east of the Sakarya River. The Turkish army has been following Mustafa Kemal Pasha's words: ""There is no defense line, but defense territory. This territory is the whole of the motherland."" gathered its forces east of the Sakarya River and stopped the Greek army in the battle that took place between 23 August and 13 September 1921. The Turkish army, which recovered its military and financial strength within a period of approximately one year, started the offensive on 26 August 1922. As a result of this offensive, the Greek occupation of Anatolian cities ended. However, as the Greek army retreated, it caused great destruction in Western Anatolia. In this section, the process of ending the occupation of the Greek forces in the cities of Southern Marmara by the Turkish army and the destruction caused by the Greek forces will be explained."
Mersin’in İşgali ve Kurtuluşu
Authors: Günay Nejla
Published: December 2023

"Commander of the Yıldırım Army Group, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, which were abolished after the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, advised the people of Mersin to be prepared for the invasion before leaving the region. Due to the Mersin port, the Entente soldiers entered Anatolia first from here. During the First World War, some Armenians who were sent to other regions during the First World War returned and were systematically settled in Mersin by the invading states. Tensions increased in the city when Armenians attacked the Turks. When André, who was appointed by the French as the district governor, had the French flag hoisted instead of the Turkish flag, the Turks objected and reacted. On the other hand, the Armenian bandits in the Taurus Mountains continued to attack Turkish villages, further increasing the tension. The Turks started to gather around Emin Arslan Bey, the Commander of the Kuvâ-yı Milliye, who established resistance organizations and was appointed to the region by the Representative Committee. While Mustafa Kemal Pasha had the people organized around the Kuvâ-yı Milliye, he also ordered the destruction of the Taurus tunnels and railway bridges in order to cut off the enemy's supply lines. Conflicts in Mersin started on 6-7 April. Heavy losses were inflicted on the enemy in areas far from the coast, but artillery fire from the French ships prevented the capture of the city. The French attacks accompanied by reinforcements continued. However, they failed to take control of Mersin. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the occupation of Mersin, one of the important entrance gates of Anatolia, the reaction of the Turks to this and the national struggle of Mersin. In the study, the documents obtained from the Presidency of State Archives and Ankara University Turkish Revolution History Institute will be used as the main source. Memoirs and memories of those who lived through the period together with previous academic studies are other sources used."
Osmaniye’nin İşgali ve Kurtuluşu
Authors: Günay Nejla
Published: December 2023

"After the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, the Entente Powers began to occupy the southern regions of Anatolia. Since the Entente Powers saw Armenians as the most important element of the occupation, they not only forced them to migrate back to Anatolia from the places where they had previously been settled, but also deployed them in units called the Eastern Armenian Legion. The hostile attitudes of the Armenians against the Turks led to an increase in tension in the region. In some villages, the killing of the Turks and the looting of their goods entailed the conflict. The British, who wanted to seize the means of transportation, occupied the places on the train line. The French helped this occupation and placed some of their troops in Osmaniye, Haruniye, Bahçe and Kadirli. The surrounding villages were raided. This resulted in the formation of local resistance and Kuvâ-yı Milliye in Kadirli, Osmaniye and the surrounding places. These groups were controlled by Aydinoglu Tufan Bey. Since the siege of Kozan would be endangered if the enemy attacked from Osmaniye, importance was given to the fortification of this place. It was ensured that the tribes in the region supported the Turkish forces. After the liberation of Kozan, the national forces took Haruniye back from the French and cleared the area between Osmaniye and Bahçe from the enemy. When the French wanted to occupy Osmaniye officially, the Turks fiercely resisted. The French did not want to evacuate Osmaniye because it was close to the railway lines. After the signing of the Ankara Agreement, Osmaniye was handed over to the Turkish administration. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the importance of the national struggle in Osmaniye in liberating the southern regions from occupation. The main source of the study is the archive obtained from the Presidency of State Archives."
"Millî Mücadelenin Yerel Tarihi 1918-1923 (Cilt 5): Aksaray - Kırıkkale - Çorum - Sivas - Çankırı Karaman - Kayseri - Kırşehir - Konya - Niğde Nevşehir - Yozgat - Tokat - Amasya"
Authors: Şerefoğlu Zeynep Kevser , Danış İlhami
Published: December 2023

"Millî Mücadele'nin Yerel Tarihi 1918-1923 adlı seri şehir şehir Türkiye’nin Millî Mücadele ile ilgili yerel hafızasını tazelemekte olup Millî Mücadele yıllarının eksiksiz olarak yurdun dört bir yanında nasıl yaşandığını göstermektedir. Çok sayıda akademisyen ve araştırmacının katılımı ve katkısıyla Millî Mücadele’nin yerel düzeydeki izlerinin derlenip değerlendirildiği bu çalışma yerel tarihin demokratik, sivil ve katılımcı imkânlarından yararlanarak, insanların kendilerini birer parçası olarak hissedebilecekleri bir tarihsel hafıza oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Millî Mücadele'nin Yerel Tarihi 1918-1923 serisinin bu cildinde İç Anadolu bölgesi, Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Çorum, Sivas, Çankırı, Karaman, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Konya, Niğde, Nevşehir, Yozgat, Tokat ve Amasya şehirlerindeki Millî Mücadele faaliyetleri, Batı Cephesindeki muharebeler için yapılan hazırlıklar, kongreler, müdafaa-i hukuk cemiyetleri, mitingler, Ankara ile münasebetler, Mustafa Kemal’in bu bölgedeki faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır."
Millî Mücadele Döneminde Kırıkkale
Authors: Doğan Hamdi
Published: December 2023

"The Turkish Nation started the National Struggle movement against the invasion attempts of the Entente Powers all over Anatolia. This struggle was fought against the Armenians supported by the British on the Eastern Front, against the Greeks on the Western Front, and against the French forces on the Southern Front. During the National Struggle, the people of Kırıkkale showed their reactions to the occupations, both with protest telegrams and with the rallies they organized, especially in Keskin district. The people of the region gave soldiers to the National Struggle, and many people from Kırıkkaleli were martyred for their country on the fronts where the National Struggle took place."
Millî Mücadele Döneminde Çankırı
Authors: Büyüktolu Recep
Published: December 2023

"After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I and its surrender by signing the Armistice of Mudros, its lands began to be occupied. The Turkish nation, which opposed these invasions, started the War of Independence, also called the Turkish War of Independence, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The Resistance that meant either life or death was centred in city of Ankara and the Turkish Grand National Assembly was established there. Çankırı, which is the subject of our study, is a city located just north of Ankara. It was occupied neither during World War I nor during the Turkish War of Independence. However, Çankırı felt the pains of the war and all kinds of problems, especially social and economic problems, quite intensely. While the men who were able to fight rushed to the front, the children, the elders, the disabled men and women had to bear the brunt the entire burden of war and life. The people of Çankırı, who showed that they were against the occupation from the first moment, expressed their loyalty to Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who led the resistance, especially after the occupation of İzmir, with the telegrams they sent to Istanbul and the events they organized. Çankırı has a special importance due to its geographical location. It is on an important road that provides the transportation of weapons, ammunition and other materials sent from Soviet Russia as aid from the East by sea, along with those who were abducted to be taken to Anatolia from Istanbul. Those who wanted to join the resistance or reach Ankara used the same route. There are many important statesmen, soldiers, writers, poets and diplomats among these people. This road, which starts from İnebolu and reaches Ankara by passing through Kastamonu and Çankırı, has been the only gateway of the GNAT government to the world. The people of Çankırı, located on this road, which is also called the Independence Road, showed great devotion and sacrifices in the transportation of weapons, ammunition and other materials needed by the Turkish soldiers. The events which happened in this period have been the subject of many sad stories and poems. The people of Çankırı were represented by 7 deputies in the First Grand National Assembly of Türkiye. They always sided with the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, Mustafa Kemal Pasha and they supported the national resistance, without getting provoked against the Assembly and did not support the rebellions. Çankırı was under the responsibility of the First and Second Kastamonu Independence Courts at the time when extraordinarily competent courts were established to prevent desertions and resolve public order problems and suppress riots. It became an important point in the treatment of soldiers injured at the front and the Homeland Hospital, which was established in this place, increased to 500 bed capacities."
Millî Mücadele Döneminde Yozgat
Authors: Öztürk Gülin
Published: December 2023

"In the face of the occupations that occurred after the signing of the Armistice of Mudros, the people of Anatolia acted in national unity and solidarity under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. In the process that started with the Amasya Circular, the foundation of the consciousness of national unity was laid with Erzurum, Sivas and local congresses held all over Anatolia. This study will talk about the place and importance of Yozgat in the National Struggle, which stands out both with its aid to the fronts and its support for the congress decisions, despite being a city that was not occupied in Anatolia. In the study, the support of the people of Yozgat to the National Struggle, the national organizations established in Yozgat and their activities will be mentioned. The study has been put forward by utilizing archival documents, memoirs, research-study works and information in periodicals."
Millî Mücadele Döneminde Tokat
Authors: Türkmen İsmet
Published: December 2023

"With the signing of the Armistice Treaty of Mudros on 30 October 1918 at the end of World War I, the occupation of some parts of the homeland, which had not yet been occupied by the Entente states until this date, was launched immediately. Minorities, who wanted to turn this situation into an opportunity, intensified their massacre operations against the Turks in the areas they were in. In this process, the Greek and Armenian elements in Tokat and its surroundings took action to ensure that the Entente states intervened in this region based on the 7th and 24th articles of the Mudros Armistice Agreement; they also complained to the representatives of the Entente Powers that they were threatened by the Turks. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, the people of Tokat, who acted with the aim of obtaining their independence with combat, quickly actualized the process of national organization in the name of their rightful cause. Tokat has an important place as it provided full support to the struggle, including the congresses, the Last Ottoman Mebusan Assembly and the Turkish Grand National Assembly periods. During the preparation of this study, the records of the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye State Archives, the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye and the Archives of the Turkish Revolution History Institute, periodicals, copyrighted and analysed works were used. In addition, the actions of Greek and Armenian gangs were evaluated through the data of The Times newspaper."
Birinci Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde Kırşehir Mebusları
Authors: Bolat Bengül
Published: December 2023

"The National Struggle, which started regionally after the Armistice of Mondros and then turned into a national struggle under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, received support from a wide range of circles such as those returning from demobilization, prominent members of the public, religious leaders, and leaders of the Alevi-Bektashi population. One of the places that supported Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the National Struggle he initiated was Kırşehir and its surroundings, although it was not occupied after the armistice. During the Yozgat uprisings, which were organized against the parliament and could only be suppressed with difficulty, Rıza Bey from the Kırşehir region, Hamitli Rıza Bey, who was the Deputy of Kırşehir in the TBMM, provided important services with his forces alongside Çerkez Ethem. It is noteworthy that despite his services in the National Struggle, Rıza Bey was executed by the Independence Court in 1926. Another Kırşehir MP, Ahmet Müfit Efendi, who rendered valuable services in the National Struggle, joined the second opposition group in the parliament and even became one of the spokespersons of this group. Cemalettin Çelebi was a deputy who could not attend the parliament due to his illness and old age, while Bekir Sıtkı Ağa, who is mentioned as a deputy in the documents, could not become an MP. Yahya Galip Bey, one of the deputies in the First Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, was elected as an MP from Kırşehir and then Ankara."
On cycles in quadratic systems
Authors: Ушхо Д.С.
Published: December 2023

Для квадратичной системы, имеющей четыре состояния равновесия в ограниченной части фазовой плоскости, найдены достаточные условия того, что предельные циклы окружают только одно антиседло (фокус).

For a quadratic system with four equilibrium states in a limited phase plane area, we found sufficient conditions for the limit cycles to surround only one antisaddle (focus).
THE ANALYSIS OF THE LEARNING PROCESS ON CHOIR EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
Authors: Rotikan Geraldo , Kaunang Meyny , Takalumang Luccylle
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore and characterize the extracurricular choir learning activities at SMA Negeri 1 Tondano, with a specific focus on the choir training initiatives implemented to enhance students' creativity in the realm of music. Employing a descriptive qualitative research approach, this study utilized observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The research findings revealed that the teachers employed instructional methods including the demonstration, question-and-answer, and exercise techniques. The teachers in charge of the choir extracurricular implemented various strategies such as planning, execution, and assessment. The choir training process encompassed song material preparation, sheet music analysis, and a structured sequence of activities. This sequence commenced with an opening prayer, followed by warm-up exercises incorporating muscle stretching, breathing drills, and vocal warm-ups. Subsequently, students engaged in the practice of analyzed songs, correcting dynamics, vocals, and articulation, while also applying and fortifying expressions and movements in harmony with the song's intended message. The session concluded with advice, motivation, and a closing prayer.
MASAMBO SINGING IN TUMARATAS DUA VILLAGE, WEST LANGOWAN SUB-DISTRICT, MINAHASA DISTRICT
Authors: Alow Resita Klaudia , Hartati R.A. Dinar Sri , Takalumang Luccylle
Published: December 2023

This research aims to investigate the existence and continuity of Masambo singing in Tumaratas Dua Village. Qualitative research methods were applied by utilizing documentation, interview, and observation techniques. A musical approach, particularly through theories in ethnomusicology and music psychology, was used to analyze various aspects of Masambo Singing. The research findings include several things: first, Masambo singing functions as a form of community expression, conveying prayer requests, expressions of gratitude, and as a means of communication. Second, the existence of Masambo singing provides significant benefits in maintaining cultural continuity and strengthening community solidarity. Third, the lyrics in Masambo singing are constantly changing according to the needs of the community. Fourth, the times affect the continuity of Masambo singing. Fifth, Masambo singing contains social values such as honor, mutual cooperation, deliberation, and sacrifice. Sixth, changes in Masambo singing are influenced by social, religious, cultural, and economic factors.
Physicochemical characteristics and thin layer chromatography of the essential oil of spearmint: Mentha spicata L, from western Algeria
Authors: Bachir NABTI  , Meriem Yasmine KELLOU  , Djamel BOUKHALFA
Published: December 2023

The species chosen for this study is sweet mint, Mentha spicata L, harvested in the wilaya of El Bayadh in Algeria. The aim of this work is to highlight the plant's identification criteria, its yield in essential oil, the various physico-chemical parameters and the composition of the essential oil using different techniques (determination of several chemical indices and establishment of the list of constituents of the essential oil using chromatographic methods). The botanical study showed the presence of two types of "Lamiaceae" type secretory hairs. These secretory hairs are the histological support for the production and storage of essential oils. A study of the kinetics of the extraction yield shows that distillation is rapid from 0 to 120 minutes, when the yield reaches an optimum (1.08%). The organoleptic characteristics and physico-chemical indices obtained are in line with the standards given in the bibliography. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of several constituents through the appearance of several spots of different colour and Rf, three of which were identified by comparison with controls, namely menthol, cineol and carvone.
Atendimento a violência sexual no contexto de políticas públicas: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pinho Aline Rose Inácio , Lordello Silvia Renata Magalhães
Published: December 2023

O atendimento a crianças e adolescentes que vivenciaram situações de violência sexual é fundamental para o avanço no enfrentamento dessas violações. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar intervenções voltadas a crianças e adolescentes que sofreram essa violação e que possam ser ofertadas em políticas públicas no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados BVS, CAPES e Oasis. Os resultados apontaram em sua maioria intervenções grupais e a teoria cognitivo comportamental foi a abordagem teórica mais utilizada. Alguns resultados destacados nessas intervenções foram o fortalecimento de vínculos, a ampliação de redes sociais e de apoio e a redução de sintomas. A postura profissional, a relevância da educação sobre as dinâmicas da violência sexual e a busca por estratégias que possam facilitar a expressão das pessoas atendidas foram identificados como fatores a serem considerados no desenvolvimento dessas ações. A falta de infraestrutura, de recursos humanos e de acesso a outras políticas foram apontados como dificuldade.
Padrões de conduta antissocial e socialização em jovens escolares do sexo feminino
Authors: Nogueira Visin Vitor , Santos Costa Rafaelle Carolynne , Rezende Bazon Marina
Published: December 2023

A taxa de condutas delituosas oficiais praticadas por meninas jovens tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Embora a literatura sugira um viés de gênero neste fenômeno, ainda predominam estudos voltados ao sexo masculino. O presente estudo objetivou verificar associações entre os aspectos de personalidade do fator Socialização, compatível com traços do Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores, e condutas antissociais (delituosas e divergentes) em jovens escolares do sexo feminino. Uma amostra de 549 jovens respondeu o Questionário de Comportamentos Juvenis (QCJ) e a Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). A partir das pontuações obtidas na EFS, os dados da amostra foram agrupados, havendo formação de 3 clusters. Maior frequência e diversidade de condutas antissociais estiveram associadas a menores níveis de Amabilidade, Pró-Sociabilidade e Confiança nas Pessoas, sugerindo relação entre os aspectos de personalidade e as condutas antissociais avaliadas. São discutidas também possíveis implicações de outros fatores nesta relação.
Reuso de materiais plásticos para aplicação em elementos estruturais
Authors: Pravia Zacarias Martin Chamberlain , Machado Sandro Clodoaldo
Published: December 2023

A possibilidade do reuso de resíduos plásticos diminui o impacto ambiental, devido ao exorbitante consumo de materiais não-recicláveis e ao desperdício deles. O trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a potencialidade e a aplicabilidade da reciclagem de resíduos sólidos termoplásticos na aplicação para elementos estruturais. Foram realizadas buscas da matéria-prima para o desenvolvimento e fabricação de futuras estruturas, em ferros velhos, aterros sanitários desmanches, e oficinas de reparos, em 23 locais da região norte do Rio Grande do Sul/RS. Pode-se concluir que esse material está apto a ser reutilizado. Dependendo de sua aplicação, tem o seu reprocessamento viável como matéria prima. Assim, tem o principal impacto de diminuir, além da emissão de CO2, também reduz o custo de produção.
TO ASSESS THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF COVID 19 INFECTION IN PATIENTS ALREADY ON HEPATITIS C TREATMENT
Authors: CHACHAR AZK , QURESHI SR , ALVI AH , SOHAIB M , ALI S , ULFAT M
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant impact worldwide, affecting almost every continent and every nation and causing economic challenges. Even patients who were undergoing antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis were not spared from the deadly virus. The objective of this observational cross-sectional study was to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 in patients already undergoing HCV treatment and to assess the severity and recovery of the disease in these patients. The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology at Fatima Memorial Hospital in Lahore and was approved by the ethical committee. The study lasted six months, and the sampling technique used was continuous non-probability sampling. The sample size was 100. The results showed that Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir were prescribed to 91.4% of subjects, while 8.6% were taking triple therapy, including Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, and Velpatasvir. The antiviral therapy (AVT) course lasted for three months for 95% of participants, while 5% took AVT for six months. Only 7.4% of the participants underwent COVID-19 testing; of those, 3.7% had positive results. 14.8% of participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 4.9% had been in contact with someone who had tested positive for COVID-19. During the AVT period, 11.1% of participants had a history of fever, 80% had symptoms lasting for less than one week, and 20% had symptoms. These findings suggest that antiviral treatment may have a protective and preventive role in COVID-19 infection. However, further studies with a larger population will be required to strengthen these observations.
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN WOMEN RECEIVING URSODEOXYCHOLEIC ACID (UDCA) AS TREATMENT FOR INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY (IHCP), A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE: ARE WE DOING ENOUGH?
Authors: QURESHI SR , ALVI AH , CHACHAR AZK , SOHAIB M , ALI S , ABDULLAH M
Published: December 2023

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is a common type of hormonally driven cholestasis in the late second or early third trimester of pregnancy. It's a reversible condition and has a genetic predisposition. This study aimed to analyze the maternal and fetal outcomes of women being treated with Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) for IHCP. Seventy-five pregnant women with IHCP were included in this observational cross-sectional study, with a study duration of one year. SPSS software version 24.0 was used to analyze the data collected by the investigating officer. Laboratory and clinical parameters were assessed at presentation and after treatment. Results showed that 92% of pregnant women with IHCP had significantly raised serum bile acid levels. However, UDCA treatment caused complete resolution of itching in 57.7% of patients, reduced to mild in 40.4%, and moderate itching in 1.9% of patients. Mean Alkaline Phosphatase and ALT levels significantly decreased after UDCA treatment, with p-values of 0.001 and 0.004, respectively. The dose of UDCA required ranged from 10-25 mg/kg/day. A positive family history of IHCP was found in 36.5% of patients, while 33% had a history of IHCP in previous pregnancies, and 16% had twin pregnancies. The incidence of early delivery was high at 98%, with a mean gestational age of 36.4 weeks. Among these early deliveries, 8% had vaginal delivery, and 92% had C-sections. The indications of delivery were intractable itching and no improvement in LFTS in 15%, PROM and fetal distress in 21%, failed induction in 31%, previous cesarean in 23%, and other reasons in 10%. The study found that 99% of babies had good APGAR scores and no morbidity. However, 1% mortality was reported due to severe IHCP in the mother. In conclusion, UDCA treatment significantly improved physical and laboratory parameters and effectively treated IHCP. Early delivery had better maternal and fetal outcomes.
CLINICAL OUTCOME OF GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF A PEDIATRIC TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: AMIN W , ARSHAD S , IQBAL S , AHMED A , AWAN MSBF
Published: December 2023

Since poliomyelitis was eradicated, Guillain-Barre syndrome has been the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis globally. Critical care and mechanical breathing may be necessary in extreme circumstances. Among paediatric patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a Karachi tertiary hospital, we aimed to quantify the incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome clinical outcomes. Cardiology Intensive Care Unit (NICH) in Karachi, Pakistan. January 9, 2020, to July 10, 2020—six months. Children admitted to the intensive care unit at NICH with GBS, as defined operationally, ranging in age from six months to twelve years, were included in the study. They stimulated the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) and common peroneal nerve (CPN), allowing for studying motor nerve conduction and using the median and ulnar nerves to measure compound muscle action potentials' onset delay, amplitude and conduction velocity (CMAPs). Research on the conduction of sensory nerves was carried out to quantify SNAPs in the sural, median, and ulnar regions. All patients were given intravenous immunoglobulin for five days at a 400 mg/kg/day dosage, as per the protocol. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the HFG scale at discharge and four weeks. The average patient age was 5.81 ± 3.26 years out of 30. Thirteen men (43.3%) and seventeen females (56.7%) were present. Fifteen patients (53.3%) had a history of upper respiratory illness, while seven (23.3%) had a history of gastrointestinal infection. A mean HFG score of 3.03 ±1.90 was recorded. Outcomes were good for 21 patients (56.7%) and deficient for 9 (43.3%). A tertiary care hospital in Karachi reported that 56.7% of children admitted with Guillain-Barre Syndrome had good clinical results in the intensive care unit.
THE ROLE OF HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN H. PYLORI-INDUCED GASTRITIS: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND BEYOND
Authors: KHAN A , HAIDER Z , WARRAICH MUT , KUMAR SK , RIZVI SFA , JAN T
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to determine the role of histological findings in H. Pylori-induced gastritis. This cohort study involved 80 patients of both genders. The patients were endoscopically and histopathologically examined and followed up within six months after treatment, from April 2023 to September 2023. Multiple biopsies were taken from different stomach regions and compared to the endoscopic findings. Eighty patients were enrolled with a mean age of 38.80±17.24 years. The study showed that most of the patients improved. There was a significant relationship between the histopathological grading of gastritis (Sydney system) and the degree of gastritis observed through an endoscope among H. Pylori intensity, chronic inflammation, neutrophil activation, glandular atrophy, and degree of gastritis. However, other parameters, such as intestinal metaplasia and surface epithelium damage of the Sydney system, revealed no significant relationship. Our study found a very strong positive correlation between the degree of gastritis (endoscope) and the degree of gastritis (histopathology) before treatment. There was also a significant relationship between the degree of induced gastritis in endoscopy and histopathology after treatment. The p-value was 0.003, and the two variables had a moderate positive correlation after treatment. It was concluded that biopsies performed during endoscopy are essential for diagnosing and treating gastritis and associated disorders. Healthcare providers can customize treatment regimens to target specific underlying causes and handle potential problems using the information gathered from biopsies.
Analyze molecular interaction for mixture of argon and particles with different sizes
Authors: Cheng Yaming
Published: December 2023

This article elaborates on molecular dynamics simulation, which is a technology that supports us in analyzing the structure and dynamics of materials and their properties at a microscopic level. In this article, the molecular dynamics simulation develops on Lennard-Jones potential. The simulation is based on the fundamental understanding between Argon-Argon molecules. The application for running molecular dynamics simulation is Moldy. The Argon particles size is changed by altering van der Waals radius from Lennard-Jones potential parameters, and the mixture of Argon and different sizes particles will be simulated by Moldy. The average potential energy is collected and compared. It discusses how the size of particles affect the average potential energy. Moreover, the trend of potential energy respects to timesteps for each molecule is depicted and compared graphicly by Gnuplot. It discusses how the potential energy changes according to timesteps for different sizes particles. In the end, the result is collected and summarized. It discovers that potential energy increases slowly when particles sizes increase, and the potential energy decreases significantly when particles sizes decrease. In addition, it founds out that molecules with different sizes have a noticeable change initially. Oddly, there is no observation of significant changes in the potential energy of the original molecule. Moreover, the initial decrease for molecules that increase in size is not as significant as that for molecules that decrease in size.
Relativistic path integrals
Authors: Xiao Boshi
Published: December 2023

Classical and Quantum mechanics are the two milestones of physics and mathematics. The path integral describes the generalised form of action from classical to quantum mechanics. This paper has reviewed some fundamental concepts and results in classical dynamics and quantum mechanics. The research method of the whole project is mainly theoretical derivations of applied mathematics and mathematical physics. This paper provides different perspectives to investigate the applications of path integrals. This paper also builds a connection between path integrals and the Unruh temperature.
A comparative study between SA and GA in solving MTSP
Authors: Zhang Wenze , Xu Chenyang
Published: December 2023

The multiple traveling salesmen problems (MTSP) is a combinatorial optimization and np-hard problem. In practice, the computational resource required to solve such problems is usually prohibitive, and, in most cases, using heuristic algorithms is the only practical option. This paper implements genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) to solve the MTSP and does an experimental study based on a benchmark from the TSPLIB instance to compare the performance of two algorithms in reality. The results show that GA can achieve an acceptable solution in a shorter time for any of the MTSP cases and is more accurate when the data size is small. Meanwhile, SA is more robust and achieves a better solution than GA for complex MTSP cases, but it takes more time to converge. Therefore, the result indicates that it is hard to identify which algorithm is comprehensively superior to the other one. However, It also provides an essential reference to developers who want to choose algorithms to solve MTSP in real life, facilitating them to balance the algorithms performance on different metrics they value.
Denoising diffusion model as handwritten digit generator
Authors: Wu Baixi
Published: December 2023

The diffusion model is the process by which variables are introduced and propagated through a population. The equation can be applied to any physical system that exhibits such processes through time. Generally speaking, diffusion occurs when a physical system is connected to another by a small number of interconnected points; the interconnected points' overall connectivity can be represented by a network. The diffusion model is a mathematically defined process used to analyse the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to that of low concentration. Based on the diffusion coefficient and polarization, several studies have established that the equilibrium port-to-port distance can be calculated. The diffusion model is useful for solving the problem of noise in imaging systems, especially when an object has similar properties in all directions. When discussing diffusion, it is essential to refer to the diffusion coefficient. The literatures find denoising diffusion model to involves the process where a pixel value is estimated based on values at surrounding pixels. On the other hand, a forward process is passing through an image and replacing pixels based on their quality estimates. Reconstruction involves reconstructing an image from its components, including the subsamples and low-quality components. This model achieves satisfactory performance on digital number image generation.
Approximation and interpolation with neural network
Authors: Yang Yiming
Published: December 2023

In this paper we show that multilayer feedforward networks with one single hidden layer.and certain types of activation functions can approximate univariant continuous functions defined on a compact set. arbitrarily well. In particular, our results contain some usual activation functions such as sigmoidal functions, RELU functions and threshold functions. Besides, since interpolation problems are highly related to approximation problem, we demonstrate that a wide range of functions have the ability to interpolate and generalize our results to functions which are not polynomial on R. Compared to existing results by numerous work, our methods are more intuitive and less technical. Lastly, the paper discusses the possibility of combining interpolation property and approximating property together, and demonstrates that given any Riemann integrable functions on a compact set in R, with several points on its graph, the finite combination of monotone sigmoidal functions can pass through these points and approximate the given function arbitrarily well with respect to L^1 (dx) (in the sense of Riemann integral) when the number of points getting large.
Chinese news topic prediction using bidirectional encoder representation from transformers
Authors: Bi Yifan
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, there are many researches on natural language processing (NLP). Through the research of NLP method, many problems in machine learning field have been solved. However, since the study of Chinese NLP has not developed rapidly until recent years, there is still much to be studied on Chinese NLP. As an excellent pre-training model, whether Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) performs well on specific Chinese NLP remains to be studied. Therefore, this paper uses BERT for Chinese NLP, and trains BERT model by collecting news title data to achieve Chinese text classification. Finally, the prediction results are studied by statistical methods. The research shows that BERT method performs well on Chinese NLP and can predict different types of news headlines well. Although it performs differently on different kinds of titles, its performance is satisfactory on the whole, and the prediction results are relatively balanced in different categories. Therefore, BERT can be used as a very practical and efficient NLP method. At the same time, it can also be predicted that it will play a great role in Chinese NLP.
Simulation of collision using Glauber model
Authors: Yan Ning , Wang Bohan , Xu Chonglun , Qian Xiuqi
Published: December 2023

This article is going to discuss several important characteristics of Glauber model from lead isotopes Pb208-under computational analysis. At the start, this paper will provide data under Wood-Saxon distribution in. Then, there are collisions coded from Python, assuming all collisions have reaction cross section of 72 mb, both participant particles and particles under secondary collisions are collected and plot in scatter graphs under impact parameter from 0 fm to 20 fm. Lastly, within the collision area, this paper is going to find the distribution of path length under various parameters.
Optimization methods for A* and D* algorithms
Authors: Li Leyang
Published: December 2023

With the Internet industry's development and the economy's rapid growth, the logistics industry has been overgrowing in recent years. It plays an irreplaceable role in the institutions of economic systems worldwide. However, the A* algorithm and the D* algorithm, which currently dominate the logistics industry's path planning algorithms, still have problems, such as long planning times and long planning paths, and there is much room for optimization. Starting with the conventional A* and D* algorithms, this study improves the planning times of the former by enhancing the heuristic function and the latter by increasing the judgment condition. After verification, the average optimization rate of both improved methods reaches more than 5%, improving the transport efficiency of the logistics industry.
Overview of high energy physics and prospective dark matter detections at HL-LHC and CEPC
Authors: Lu Jiaxun
Published: December 2023

This paper first takes an overview of the current development of high-energy physics, including an introduction to the fundamental particles and forces described by the standard model, physics beyond the standard model like super-symmetry and matter-antimatter asymmetry, and current high-energy physics experiments such as ATLAS and CMS at the large hadron collider. Then we focus on the prospective dark matter detections at the high-luminosity large hadron collider (HL-LHC) and circular electron-positron collider (CEPC), especially the upgrades of the current LHC and different working modes of the CEPC. Finally, the paper discusses the prospects of dark matter detection and possibly dark matter candidates.
Recommendation and sentiment classification on E-Commerce reviews
Authors: Lin Tianyi
Published: December 2023

Due to the improvement of online shopping mode, an increasing number of customers rely on reviews displayed on online shopping websites to choose products, and there are also more and more sellers taking consumers' text reviews into consideration to modify their products. Therefore, understanding and analyzing these reviews are getting increasingly significant. This study utilized natural language processing on E-Commerce Reviews. First, I used the Nave Bayes model and Support Vector Machine to classify whether a reviewer recommends the reviewed product; the accuracies are both 87%. Then I used the random forest to classify the reviewer's positive, neutral, and negative sentiment on each review, which gave 86% precision.
An overview of BRDF models in computer graphics
Authors: Zhou Yukai
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to provide an overview of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and the various parametric numerical models, known as BRDF models, used to make it easier and more efficient to use BRDF data in computer graphics. It introduces the basics of BRDF and classifies and describes some well-known BRDF models, including their advantages and disadvantages. The paper also covers the concept of data-driven models, which can achieve a high degree of realism by directly acquiring and using measured BRDF data in the rendering process.
Review on the ship drag reduction technology
Authors: Jin Chenhao
Published: December 2023

The development of the theory of turbulence has made a breakthrough in the application of drag reduction technology on ships, which contributes to energy saving and environmental protection. When a ship is sailing, it has to overcome resistance. Total resistance includes frictional resistance, wave-making resistance, and viscous pressure resistance, in which frictional resistance acts as the main resistance for low-speed ships, and for high-speed ships, the main resistance is wave-making resistance. This paper reviews the ship drag reduction technology by giving a brief introduction to drag reduction methods using grooves, bulbous bows, bubbles, hydrofoils, wall vibration, and high-polymer additive respectively, as well as their principles.