#4797 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND SALT CONSUMPTION WITH FLUID STATUS USING BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Silva Rita , Castro Pedro , Reis Marina Sofia Rodrigues , Cerqueira Sofia , Romãozinho Catarina , Maia Pedro , Mendes Teresa , Alves Rui 
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Control of extracellular volume in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients requires both removal of sodium and water. Hypervolemia occurs more frequently in PD patients and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Dietary salt restriction (Na+ &lt; 2g) is recommended in all PD patients. Most patients do not comply with this recommendation (prevalence difficult to assess). Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) devices can help assess volume overload in patients receiving maintenance PD. The aim of our study was to determine the association between fluid status as measured using BIS to BP and salt consumption in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

Method

We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study, that included 60 PD patients followed at our unit. Demographic and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, chronic kidney disease (CKD) etiology, time on PD program, dialytic efficacy (Kt/V), peritoneal equilibration test results, BIS results and episodes of peritonitis were registered from our unit database. We measured total sodium removal and estimated daily sodium intake using dietary recall for one day, during the assessment of dialysis adequacy. Based on a 2017 study of 87 patients on PD that sought a correlation between effective daily sodium intake (memory recollection) and urinary + peritoneal sodium sieving. It allowed, through logistic regression, the creation of equations for patients with and without renal residual function (RRF) (Pearson's 0.6).

Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics version 23.0. The statistical hypothesis tests with p-value &lt;0.05 were considered significant.

Results

Sixty patients (male: 60%) with a mean age of 55,9 ± 9 years were selected. Mean time on dialysis was 24,8 months ± 11,9 (min. 2, max. 63). The most common etiology of CKD was glomerular diseases (n = 16, 26.7%), followed by uncertain etiology (n = 11, 18.3%) and diabetic kidney disease (n = 9, 15%). In total, 71,7% of patients were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Mean Kt/V was 2,2 ± 0,6 and the majority of patients were high-average transporters. Previous comorbidities were arterial hypertension (n = 60, 100%), diabetes (n = 16, 26,7%), heart failure (n = 13, 21,7%), body mass index &gt;30 kg/m2 (n = 22, 36,7%) and dyslipidemia (n = 40, 66,7%). According to European Society of Cardiology we define three stages of hypertension: stage 1 (140–159/90–99 mmHg) with 15 patients (25%), stage 2 (160–179/100–109 mmHg) with 14 patients (23,3%) and stage 3 (≥180/≥110 mmHg) with 4 patients (6,7%). In total, we have 27 patients (45%) with hypertension under control. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between a status of overhydration (≥2liters) with salt consumption (Na+ &gt;2g) (p = 0,01) and also of hypertension stages 2 and 3 (p = 0,03).

Conclusion

In PD patients, BIS is a reliable method for evaluating volume status. We found that stable CAPD patients with uncontrolled BP had higher overhydration and salt consumption compared to patients whose BP was controlled. Control of hypervolemia and blood pressure is associated with better cardiac condition. Thus, it is important to encourage patients on peritoneal dialysis to significantly restrict salt intake.