bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administração pública no Brasil
Authors: Queiroz Leite Leonardo
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho aborda de modo comparado o contexto histórico, as características políticas e os fundamentos organizacionais de duas grandes reformas da administração pública brasileira: a reforma que deu origem à burocracia moderna brasileira com a criação do DASP, na Era Vargas; e o Decreto-Lei nº 200 de 1967, dos governos militares, que pretendia descentralizar e flexibilizar as estruturas burocráticas do governo federal. Assim, através de uma revisão de literatura, analisaremos os atributos fundamentais dessas reformas que alteraram a morfologia do aparelho de Estado no Brasil, salientando suas diferenças e analisando a inter-relação entre elas. Logo, buscaremos compreender como as mudanças de conjuntura histórico-política e as diferentes orientações dos macro-objetivos governamentais em distintos momentos históricos impactaram de modo direto as configurações da Administração Pública. Portanto, pretendemos contribuir com a área científica do campo de intersecção analítica entre História, Administração Pública e Ciências Sociais, com ênfase nos processos históricos de transformação do Estado, visando ampliar a literatura disponível no Brasil que aborda as reformas administrativas sob enfoque histórico-comparativo.
crítica literária e a literatura produzida por mulheres no Brasil do final do século XIX a meados do século XX
Authors: Millen Grosso Carlos Eduardo
Published: July 2022

O artigo discute a relação entre a crítica e a produção literária realizada por mulheres no Brasil do final do século XIX a meados do século XX. Inicialmente, analisa-se a questão do cânone e sua relação com a produção literária, explorando os mecanismos de regulação das publicações literárias. Posteriormente, identificam-se os critérios adotados pela crítica na avaliação de obras literárias realizadas por mulheres.
Sistema de Cotas e Conflitos Raciais Violentos no Brasil em Tempo de Políticas de Ação Afirmativa:
Authors: Santos Sales Augusto , Freitas Matheus
Published: July 2022

O sistema de cotas para estudantes negros/as ingressarem em universidades públicas começou a ser implantado no Brasil no início da década de 2000. Durante toda essa década houve debates febris entre intelectuais, com argumentos pró e contra, sobre esse sistema. Após vinte anos da implantação do primeiro sistema de cotas, o da UERJ, buscou-se, por meio deste artigo, verificar se um dos argumentos contrário às cotas era e/ou ainda é procedente: a suposição de que a sua implementação promoveria conflitos raciais violentos nas universidades públicas. Foi realizada uma breve incursão histórica no período republicano, com vistas a verificar se havia histórico de conflitos raciais violentos no Brasil. Também foram feitas pesquisas de levantamento (com survey), em 69 universidades federais, e documental (com dissertações, teses e artigos acadêmico-científicos) com o mesmo objetivo. Constatou-se que suposições desses conflitos não eram novas no Brasil, assim como também não se concretizaram.
Applicability of Secondary Denitrification Measures on a Fluidized Bed Boiler
Authors: Jeníková Jitka , Michaliková Kristýna , Hrdlička František , Hrdlička Jan , Pilař Lukáš , Vodička Matěj , Skopec Pavel
Published: July 2022

This article compares performance of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) applied on the same pilot unit, a 500 kW fluidized bed boiler burning Czech lignite. Correlation of the denitrification efficiency on the normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) is investigated. The fundamental principle of the SCR and SNCR is similar with the same reaction scheme. The difference is in the use of the catalyst that lowers the activation energy of the key reaction. As a result, the reduction is performed in the SCR method at lower temperatures. During experiments, the NSR was up to 1.6 for the SCR method. For the SNCR method, which has a higher reducing agent consumption, maximum denitrification efficiency was reached for NSR about 2.5. The efficiency of both secondary methods was investigated. The denitrification efficiency during experiments exceeded 98 % for the SCR method, and the SNCR method, together with the primary measures, reached an efficiency of 58 %.
Theoretical and experimental study of water vapour condensation with high content of non-condensable gas in a vertical tube
Authors: Krempaský Jakub , Havlík Jan , Dlouhý Tomáš
Published: July 2022

This article deals with the possibility of separating water vapour from flue gases after oxyfuel combustion using condensation processes. Those processes can generally be described as condensation of water vapour in the presence of non-condensable gases. Hence, the effect of noncondensable gas (NCG) on the condensation process has been theoretically and experimentally analysed in this study. The theoretical model was developed on the basis of the heat and mass transfer analogy with respect to the effect of the NCG, the flow mode of the condensate film, the shear stress of the flowing mixture, subcooling and superheating. Subsequently, an experimental analysis was carried out on a 1.5m long vertical pipe with an inner diameter of 23.7mm. The mixture of vapour and air flowed inside the inner tube with an air mass fraction ranging from 23% to 62%. The overall heat transfer coefficients (HTC) from the theoretical model and experimental measurement are significantly lower than the HTC obtained according to the Nusselt theory for the condensation of pure water vapour. The overall HTC decreases along the tube length as the gas concentration increases, which corresponds to a decrease in the local condensation rate. The highest values of the HTC are observed in the condenser inlet, although a strong decrease in HTC is also observed here. Meanwhile, there is a possibility for an HTC enhancement through turbulence increase of the condensing mixture in the condenser outlet. Results also showed that the heat resistance of the mixture is several times higher than the heat resistance of the condensate film. The developed theoretical model based on heat and mass transfer analogy is in good agreement with experimental results with the standard deviation within +25% and −5%. The model is more accurate for lower NCG concentrations.
Experimental verification of the efficiency of selective non-catalytic reduction in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor
Authors: Michaliková Kristýna , Hrdlička Jan , Vodička Matěj , Skopec Pavel , Jeníková Jitka , Pilař Lukáš
Published: July 2022

Controlling nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions is still a challenge as increasingly stringent emission limits are introduced. Strict regulations will lead to the need to introduce secondary measures even for boilers with bubbling fluidized bed (BFB), which are generally characterized by low NOX emissions. Selective non-catalytic reduction has lower investment costs compared to other secondary measures for NOX reduction, but the temperatures for its efficient utilization are difficult to achieve in BFBs. This paper studies the possibility of an effective application of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitrogen oxides in a pilot-scale facility with a bubbling fluidized bed. The effect of temperatures between 880 and 950 °C in the reagent injection zone on NOX reduction was investigated. For the selected temperature, the effect of the amount of injected reagent, urea solution with concentration 32.5%wt., was studied. The experiments were carried out using 500 kWth pilot scale BFB unit combusting lignite. In addition, an experiment was performed with the combustion of wooden pellets. With reagent injection, all experiments led to the reduction of nitrogen oxides and the highest NOX reduction of 58% was achieved.
Experimental and simulation study of CO2 breakthrough curves in a fixed-bed adsorption process
Authors: Nedoma Marek , Staf Marek , Hrdlička Jan
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on the laboratory experiments of low-temperature adsorption of CO2 at elevated pressure and on the validation of our mathematical model with the data obtained. The numerical approach uses fitting of adsorption isotherm parameters and sensitivity analysis of parameters influencing the breakthrough curve shape and onset time. We first evaluate the results of breakthrough experiments for zeolite 13X. Then, we use the results obtained to design a dynamic mathematical model to predict the breakthrough curve profile. Experimental results show that zeolite 13X possesses high adsorption capacities (over 10 % of its weight at adsorption temperatures of 293 K and below), as expected. The mathematical simulation was accurate at predicting the breakthrough onset time; however, this prediction accuracy declined with the outlet CO2 concentration exceeding 75 %, which is discussed. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the choice of different estimates of mass transport and bed porosity, as well as the choice of numerical scheme, can lead to a more accurate prediction, but the same set of parameters is not suitable for all process conditions.
Experimental verification of the impact of the air staging on the NOx production and on the temperature profile in a BFB
Authors: Vodička Matěj , Michaliková Kristýna , Hrdlička Jan , Skopec Pavel , Jeníková Jitka
Published: July 2022

The results of an experimental research on air staging in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) combustor are presented within this paper. Air staging is known as an effective primary measure to reduce NOX formation. However, in the case of a number of industrial BFB units, it does not have to be sufficient to meet the emission standards. Then selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) can be a cost-effective option for further reduction of the already formed NOX. The required temperature range at the place of the reducing agent injection for an effective application of the SNCR without excessive ammonia slip is above the temperatures normally attained in BFBs. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of staged air injection on the formation of NOX in BFB combustors and to examine the possibility of increasing the freeboard temperature. Several experiments with various secondary/primary air ratios were performed with a constant oxygen concentration in the flue gas. The experiments were carried out using wooden biomass and lignite as fuel in a 30 kWth laboratory scale BFB combustor. Furthermore, the results were verified using a 500 kWth pilot scale BFB unit. The results confirmed that the air staging can effectively move the dominant combustion zone from the dense bed to the freeboard section, and thus the temperatures for an effective application of the SNCR can be obtained.
CHARACTERISTIC OF MAMMOGRAPHY COMPARED WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY RESULT AT RSUP DR. KARIADI
Authors: Sari Molly Inta , Kuntjoro RR Lydia Purna Widyastuti Setjadiningrat , Wikanta Edmond Rukmana , Imawati Sukma
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground: Breast tumors are common lesions found in women.[1] Mammography is Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approved modality for screening and diagnosing breast tumor.[2,3] Aim: To know the characteristic and comparison of mammography results with histopathology diagnosis as the gold standard in breast tumor patients at RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Methods: This research used the diagnostic test method. Data were taken from medical records in RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang from 2017 to 2019 with sa consecutive sampling method. The collected samples were 55 mammography imaging. Next, the data were described as frequency distribution and percentages, and then the diagnostic test values were counted. Result: Benign breast tumor in RSUP Dr. Kariadi was found in 40-50 years old patients with 77,8% oval-shaped and 72,2% circumscribed margin mass seen in the mammogram, while breast cancer was found in >50 years old patients with 57,1% irregular-shaped and 54,3 spiculated margin mass seen in the mammogram. Mammography in RSUP Dr. Kariadi has 89% sensitivity, 89% specificity, 94% positive predictive value, 81% negative predictive value, and 89% accuracy. Conclusion: Benign breast tumor in RSUP Dr. Kariadi mostly found in 40-50 years old patients with oval-shaped and circumscribed margin mass seen in the mammogram, while breast cancer is mostly found in >50 years old patient with irregular shape and spiculated margin mass seen in the mammogram. The diagnostic test score of mammography in RSUP Dr. Kariadi is high.
THE INCIDENCE OF RADIATION PNEUMONITIS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED RADIOTHERAPY USING 3-DIMENSIONAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Lutfiarahma Salsabila , Prajoko Yan Wisnu , Ningrum Farah Hendara , Nawangsih Prihharsanti Christina Hari
Published: July 2022

Background: According to the 2018 Global Cancer Observatory from the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia. 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) is one of the breast cancer treatment planning. Effect of radiation on the lungs can cause radiation pneumonitis. The incidence rate of pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using 3D-CRT techniques from several researchers is still varied and there is no accurate data yet at RSUP Dr. Kariadi.Objective: To determine the incidence of pneumonitis in breast cancer patients undergoing breast cancer 3D-CRT.Methods: The research design used in this study was cross sectional. The subject is chosen by consecutive sampling methods. The independent variables of this study was 3D breast cancer radiation therapy, while the dependent variable was radiation pneumonitis. This hypothesis test on this study is analyzed with chi-square test.Results: Forty one subjects were included in this study, two subjects were found with a picture of pneumonitis on chest radiographs. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using 3-dimensional techniques was 4.9%. There is no significant relationship between breast cancer radiation therapy 3-dimensional techniques on the incidence of pneumonitis. And there was no significant difference in the proportion of pneumonitis in patients with breast cancer locations on the right and left sides.Conclusion: The incidence of radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using a 3-dimensional technique is 4.9%.   Keywords: 3 Dimensional Technique Radiotherapy, Breast Cancer, Radiation Pneumonitis
PREVALENCE AND DEGREE OF SEVERITY OF ACNE VULGARIS IN STUDENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR IN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Saragih Yola Valentin , Widyawati Widyawati , Utami Aras , Antari Arlita Leniseptaria
Published: July 2022

Introduction : Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of pilosebaceous follicle with polymorphic dermatological manifestation such as comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and scar. Acne vulgaris can be categorized into three degrees of severity based on lesions count: mild, moderate, and severe. There are four factors in the pathogenesis of AV: pilosebaceous follicle hyperproliferation, excessive sebum production, inflammation, and presence of Propionibacterium acnes. The degree of severity is mainly related to the number of an individual's sebaceous gland. Individuals with AV usually have large sebaceous glands that are very active, large pores, and oily skin. Objectives : To describe prevalence and severity of acne vulgaris in students of mechanical engineering major in faculty of engineering Diponegoro University batch 2018. Methods : This is an observational study with cross sectional approach in which author describes prevalence of AV and its degree of severity in students of mechanical engineering major in faculty of engineering diponegoro university batch 2018. Subjetcs were obtained from simple random sampling. There were 71 eligible subjects meeting inclusion criterias. Dermatovenereology residents performed physical examination on subjects to determine whether or not the subject had. Subjects with AV were classified into "positive" group, otherwise "negative". Subjects were obtained with simple random sampling technique. All subjects (100%) had acne vulgaris. Severity of AV varies with 38% subjects had mild AV, 59.2% had moderate AV and 2.8% had severe AV.Conclusions : All subjects (100%) had AV, mostly of moderate severity. Keywords : Acne Vulgaris; prevalence; severity
DIFFERENCES IN INCREASING VO2 MAX BETWEEN BRISK WALKING AND HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT) IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Chandra Cindy Calista , Purwoko Yosef , Widodo Sumardi , Sumekar Tanjung Ayu
Published: July 2022

Background: Sedentary lifestyle is widely adopted by the society. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with limited physical activity, thereby increasing the risk of diseases, as well as reducing fitness. Fitness is assessed with VO2Max. However, people with sedentary lifestyle are reluctant to exercise, thus the authors want to see whether briskwalking, an easy exercise and HIIT, a short-time exercise can increase VO2Max. Research Method: Quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test comparison group design. 60 young adult women were divided into three groups, namely brisk walking, HIIT, and control by using purposive sampling. The brisk walking group did brisk walking and HIIT did HIIT aerobics for six weeks, three times in every week. The control group was not treated. All subjects performed VO2Max pretest and posttest with Cooper test. Result: The VO2Max value for brisk walking and HIIT increased by averages of 9.83±3.93 and 8.84±4.76, while the control decreased by -3.97±4.02 The result from paired t-test and Wilcoxon shows significancy thus indicating a significant difference of VO2 max value before and after the treatments towards the brisk walking, HIIT, and control groups. After the Mann Whitney test is performed, no significant difference is found between brisk walking and HIIT, whereas there is a significant difference between brisk walking and control, and also between HIIT and control. Conclusion: Brisk walking and HIIT can increase VO2Max. However, there was no difference in the increase between brisk walking and HIIT.Key Words: VO2Max, brisk walking, HIIT
THE EFFECT OF PLYOMETRICS TRAINING ON EXPLOSIVE POWER OF MEDICAL STUDENTS IN DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
Authors: Pandoyo Pramatama Andhika Sunarso , Indraswari Darmawati Ayu , Marijo Marijo , Bakhtiar Yuriz
Published: July 2022

Introduction : Explosive power are the combination maximum strength and maximum velocity. High value of muscle strength and velocity can lead to good measurement of explosive power. Plyometrics training known as an exercise that can increased explosive power. This exercise is really popular among athletes and has proven to increase their explosive power. However, there’s still no further study that measured explosive power on medical students after given plyometrics training treatment. Methods : Quasi experimental study of plyometrics training has done for 6 weeks to medical students Diponegoro University. 28 subjects was divide into 2 groups : plyometrics training (as treatment group) and control group (as non-treatment group). Vertical jump test score was measurement in pre-test, middle-test, and post-test. The explosive power measured by vertical jump test. The results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results : The explosive power improved among subjects in plyometrics treatment group. During the plyometrics treatment, vertical jump was singnificantly increase during treatment in pre-test to mid-test (35.93 cm to 49,21 cm ; P : <0.001) and mid-test to post-test measurement (49.21 cm to 54.21 cm ; P : <0.001). Vertical jump score significantly increase in plyometrics group compare to control group ; on middle-test (<0.001 vs 0.344 ; P 0.019) and post-test (<0.001 vs 729 ; P 0.001) measurement respectively. Conclusions : Plyometrics training improved lower limb explosive power in male medical students of Diponegoro University. This is marked by significantly increase among subjects in plyometrics treatment group.Keywords: Plyometrics Training, Explosive Power, Vertical Jump Test
THE IMPACT OF BODY MASS INDEX TO ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN-HOSPITAL PATIENTS MORTALITY RATE IN DR. KARIADI HOSPITAL
Authors: Aji Indra Adhim Karunia , Setiawan Andreas Arie , Ariosta Ariosta , Pramudo Setyo Gundi
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Populations with high BMI are at risk for cardiovascular disease because these populations usually have high levels of fat in the body. In contrast, there are several studies that prove that body weight below normal BMI also increases cardiovascular disease risk and death. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of BMI on mortality rates of in-hospital patients with acute myocardial infarction at dr. Kariadi Hospital. Methods. This research is a retrospective analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The sample of this study was acute myocardial infarction patients who were undergoing treatment at the RSUP dr. Kariadi between January 2013 - December 2018 complete data on body weight, height, and status of death or survival. Data comparisons were made using fisher exact test with statistical significant p value was less than 0.05. Results. Statistical analysis using fisher exact test showed association between body mass index and mortality rate is not significant (p = 0,258). Age is the only one confounding variable that showed significant association with mortality rate (p =0,032). Relative risk of age is 1.8 with a cutoff at 60 years. Conclusions. Body mass index (BMI) did not have a significant impact on the mortality rate of AMI in-hospital patients at dr. Kariadi Hospital.Keywords: body mass index, acute myocardial infarction, mortality
RIGHT VENTRICULAR AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
Authors: Fabiana Valencia , Partiningrum Dwi Lestari , Budiono Bernardus Parish , Kholis Fathur Nur
Published: July 2022

Background: Chronic lung disease is frequently associated with lung vascular lesion. We evaluated the structural-functional related changes of right ventricle under CLD with or without PH at RSUP dr. Kariadi, Semarang. Methods: We studied patients at RSUP dr. Kariadi who underwent routine evaluation that included resting spirometry and echocardiography. Patients with either COPD or RLD were studied, exclusion were made for patients with valvular heart disease and congestive heart disease. This study was performed during May through June of 2019 (n = 20). PASP, RVD, RVWT, TAPSE and spirometry values were analyzed for the association between PASP and RVD, RVWT, TAPSE, TAPSE/PASP ratio and FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC. Results: Thirteen (65%) of 20 patients who underwent echocardiography and spirometry evaluation were male and their average age were 55 years old. Mean PASP was 49.30 mmHg (range 2–111 mmHg). Ninety five percents patients had restrictive spirometry and 5% patients had moderate-severe mixed spirometry. The majority of the population of the study sample is dominated by a very severe degree of restriction spirometry. Out of the 20 subjects, 15 subjects (75%) had a diagnosis of COPD and 10 subjects (50%) had a history of pulmonary TB. In this study, 75% subjects had right ventricular dilatation, 85% subjects had right ventricular hypertrophy, and 15% subjects had decreased right ventricular systolic function (low TAPSE). The majority of structural and functional abnormalities of the right heart are found on patients with very severe degree of restriction spirometry. There were 13 subjects (65%) pulmonary hypertension, with the most findings being severe pulmonary hypertension as many as 8 subjects (40%). As many as 14 subjects (70%) had high TAPSE / PASP ratio.Conclusions: PH prevalence in patients with CLD is significantly associated with spirometry values. PH severity degree in patients with CLD is not significantly associated with spirometry values.Key words: spirometry; pulmonary hypertension; right heart echocardiography.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CELL OF ORIGIN SUBTYPE WITH OVERALL SURVIVAL OF DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA PATIENTS IN KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Authors: Tarius Jenifer Marsela , Istiadi Hermawan , Miranti Ika Pawitra , Dini Intan Rahmania Eka
Published: July 2022

Background: DLBCL is the most common type of NHL in the world. DLBCL based on cell of origin is divided into GCB and non-GCB. The diagnosis of DLBCL has not been routinely done to its cell of origin, and there have not been many studies that discuss the DLBCL subtype and the overall survival of the patients, especially in Kariadi General Hospital. This study aims to determine the correlation of DLBCL cell of origin with the 2-year overall survival of DLBCL patients in Kariadi General Hospital. Methods: This is an observational analytic study of 40 DLBCL patients in Kariadi General Hospital from January to August 2017. The data collection including: age of diagnosis, location, stage and 2-year overall survival. Data analysis used chi square test and Kaplan Meier curve. Results: GCB patients had higher 2-year overall survival than non-GCB subtype significantly (p: 0.047), with a 2-year survival rate of GCB subtype was 66.7% and non-GCB subtype was 31.6%. GCB patients tend to have early stage than non-GCB subtype significantly (p:0.028). Conclusion: DLBCL GCB subtype patients had significantly higher 2-year overall survival therefore it has better prognosis than non-GCB subtype.
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SUCCESSFUL THERAPY AND ANXIETY LEVEL OF POST OPERATIVE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Pratama Singgih , Wildan Arief , Prihatningtias Riski , Rahmi Fifin Luthfia
Published: July 2022

Background : Glaucoma is a disease that can cause damage to the optic nerve. High intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma. The main goal of treating glaucoma is to control the disease progression by reducing intraocular pressure to the normal range or in accordance with the target pressure, and unsuccessful treatment can lead to anxiety. Aims : Identifying the correlation between therapeutic success and anxiety levels in post-operative glaucoma patients. Methods : This research used observational analytic method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 34 post-operative glaucoma patients were collected by consecutive sampling at the Eye Outpatient Installation of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. The anxiety level was assessed using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS) questionnaire. Data analysis in the study used the Contingency Coefficient test. Results : A total of 34 glaucoma patients consisted of 17 patients who successfully achieved the target pressure and 17 patients who failed to achieve the target pressure. There was a significant correlation between the success of glaucoma therapy with anxiety levels (p = 0.008) and there was a weak relationship between the two variables (r = 0.471). Conclusion : There is a correlation between therapeutic success and anxiety levels in post-operative glaucoma patients.
THE INFLUENCE OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris) ON SPERMATOZOA VITALITY OF WISTAR RATS EXPOSED TO MOSQUITO COILS
Authors: Bharadaksa Mohammad Arya Lingga , Ariani Mahayu Dewi , Dewi Puspita Kusuma , Nugroho Trilaksana
Published: July 2022

Background: Spermatozoa vitality is one of the sperm analysis test. Application mosquito coil repellentgenerates free radical enhancement. Free radical contribute to external factor thatinfluence the quality of spermatozoa vitality. Beetroot(Beta vulgaris) contain a considerably high amount of antioxidant. It reduce free radical in the body and improve quality of spermatozoa vitality. Aim: To find out and analyze the effect of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) on the spermatozoa vitality of male wistar rats exposed to mosquito coils. Methods: This research uses experimental methods, with a post-test only control group design. The research sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique28 male wistar rats met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then divided into 4 treatment groups K (-), K (+), P1 and P2.Data obtained after 56 days of treatment with 7 days of adaptation before treatment, the data will be tested for normality with Shapiro-Wilk then proceed one way ANOVA if the data distribution is normal. Results: Shapiro-Wilk test showed no significant differences between groups K (-), K (+), P1 and P2 (p> 0.05). One way ANOVA test on sperm vitality analysis showed a significant difference between groups. Post-Hoc test showed sperm vitality on K (+) there was significant difference compared to K (-) (p <0.001), K (+) no significant difference compared to P1 (p = 0.244) and K (+) there was significant difference compared to P2 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Giving beetroot juice with the right dose has a significant effect on the spermatozoa vitality of male wistar rats exposed to the smoke of mosquito coils.
Valorisation of Shrimp Waste into Chitosan/Montmorillonite-Sulfosuccinic Acid Composite Membrane for DMFC Application
Authors: Ayyubi Shalahudin Nur , Atmaja Lukman , Purbasari Aprilina
Published: July 2022

Composite membranes have been synthesized from biopolymer chitosan (CS) and nanosized montmorillonite (MMT) filler crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) as an alternative membrane electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application. All prepared membranes were obtained by solution casting technique. Prepared membranes were systematically characterized in terms of water uptake, methanol uptake, and methanol permeability as membrane performance parameter for DMFC applications. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the structures of the CS/MMT-SSA composite electrolyte membranes. The addition of sulfosuccinic acid evidently decreased the value of methanol permeability with the lowest value of 2.9973 × 10-7 cm2/s was obtained from CS/MMT-SSA 16% membrane. The addition of sulfosuccinic acid also decreased the absorption of methanol with the lowest value of 45.9459% while the water absorption of 53.6424% occurred in the membrane with the addition of 16% sulfosuccinic acid. As a result, the CS/MMT-SSA composite membrane appears to be a potential candidate for the DMFC applications.Keywords: direct methanol fuel cell; proton exchange membrane; methanol permeability; chitosan
One-phase Transesterification of Palm Oil in to Biodiesel with Co-solvent Methyl Esters: The Effect of Adding Co-solvent to Kinetic Energy and Dipole Moment
Authors: Daryono Elvianto , Mustiadi Lalu
Published: July 2022

In the transesterification process, the problem is the low solubility of oil in methanol, so the reaction will run slowly. The solution to this problem is to add a co-solvent to increase the solubility so that a one-phase reaction will be formed. The co-solvent methyl ester is the right choice because it is a product of the reaction itself so that it does not require a separation process. The operating conditions of the study were mass of palm oil 250 g, mass of NaOH catalyst 0.8%wt, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 60oC, the molar ratio of oil:methanol = 1:6, reaction time (5,10,15,20,25,30 minutes), and the mass of co-solvent (0,5,10,15%wt). The first stage of the research was to make co-solvent, then proceed with the transesterification reaction by adding  co-solvent which was carried out according to the research operating conditions. The optimum condition of the study was obtained at reaction time 30 minutes and the addition of co-solvent 5%, with yield 97.4171%. The density of FAME 0.88 g/mL and the concentration of FAME 99.963% which complied with SNI 7185-2015. The simulation results of ChemDraw for components of triglyceride+methanol+NaOH+co-solvent obtained kinetic energy 3479.0264 kJ/mol and dipole moment 43279.8007 debyes.
Success factors for English as a second language university students’ attainment in academic English language proficiency: exploring the roles of secondary school medium-of-instruction, motivation and language learning strategies
Authors: Tai Kevin W. H. , Zhao Yiran Vicky
Published: July 2022

Displaying a strong competence in English as a second language (L2) is a major advantage for university graduates in personal development and career advancement. There are limited studies that have explored how the implementation of English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) in non-Anglophone universities can affect students’ academic English proficiency. This mixed-method study explores how both the learners’ variables (motivation and L2 learning strategies) and the medium-of-instruction policy implemented at secondary and university settings can contribute to students’ success in academic English learning at a bilingual university in Hong Kong. The findings of a large-scale questionnaire reveal that the effect of medium-of-instruction in students’ secondary school education is not a significant predictor of students’ academic English language proficiency at university. The findings suggest that university students who previously attended secondary schools which adopt medium-of-instruction other than English tend not to be disadvantaged in improving their academic English proficiency. Institutional factor (i.e. provision of EMI lectures at university) and learners’ variables, including students’ L2 strategy use and motivation, are statistically significant predictors of the student’s English language proficiency. The implications for higher education policy in Hong Kong and worldwide will be discussed.
Sprachlichkeit und Gottesbewusstsein
Authors: Moxter Michael
Published: July 2022

Sprache ist mehr als bloß ein Instrument der Kommunikation oder ein Transportmittel für Informationen. Sprache ist das grundlegende Medium des Denkens und des humanen Zugangs zur Welt. Auch der Gottesgedanke ist sprachlich vermittelt. Der Aufsatz entfaltet diese Auffassung in Auseinandersetzung mit der Sprechakttheorie, mit Humboldts und Schleiermachers Begriff der Artikulation, Pannenbergs Anthropologie der Sprachlichkeit und mit kurzem Blick auf Luhmann und Habermas.
Neurowissenschaftliche Grundlagen des Spracherwerbs
Authors: Schaadt Gesa
Published: July 2022

Eine der wichtigsten Entwicklungsaufgaben von Kindern ist der Erwerb von Sprache. Da wir unsere Sprachfähigkeiten unserem Gehirn verdanken, soll in diesem Beitrag die Entwicklung der neurokognitiven Grundlagen von Sprachfähigkeiten thematisiert werden. Nachdem soziale und genetische Einflussfaktoren genannt werden, werden Methoden vorgestellt, die es uns erlauben die Sprachentwicklung bereits bei Säuglingen zu untersuchen. Auf dieser Grundlage wird dann der Zusammenhang zwischen der Entwicklung sprachrelevanter neurokognitiver Grundlagen und der Entwicklung von Sprachfähigkeiten näher beleuchtet.
Sprache, Sprechen, Schweigen im Alten Testament
Authors: Wagner Andreas
Published: July 2022

Das Alte Testament ist ein sprachlich verfasstes und ein als geschriebener Text überliefertes Zeugnis des Glaubens aus alttestamentlicher Zeit. Es traut der Sprache als »Gefäß« der Weitergabe die Übermittlung seiner erfahrenen Inhalte zu. Darin drückt sich eine ungemeine Hochschätzung der Sprache aus. In den alttestamentlichen Texten selbst ist die Reflexion auf »Sprache« selten explizit ausgeformt. Vor allem treten hier Texte aus dem Pentateuch (Gen 2,4b ff.; 11,1–9) und der Weisheit hervor. In der Prophetie steht die Sprache und das Wort Gottes im Vordergrund. Von diesen Partien ausgehend wird hier nach der Rolle der Sprache für den Menschen und für Gott gefragt (homo loquens, deus loquens), nach dem Unterschied göttlichen und menschlichen Sprechens, nach dem Verhältnis und den Möglichkeiten von Sprechen und Schweigen. Am Ende ist der Zusammenhang von Sprachfähigkeit und Anthropologie zu erörtern, in dessen Horizont die Fragen von Spracherwerb und Sprachverlust liegen.
Geheimnisvolle Gefolgschaft
Authors: Lehnert Christian
Published: July 2022

Einen kriegsversehrten Greisen und Ludwig Wittgenstein, Engel und Numina, den im Lager verhungernden Ossip Mandelstamm und den Görlitzer Schustermystiker Jakob Böhme holt sich der Autor als Zeugen an die Seite, um die Grenzen der Sprache zu erkunden und die Möglichkeiten von Poesie, diese Grenzen zu weiten. Poesie und Religion berühren sich in einem suchenden Sprechen, das noch nicht hat, was es sagt, und damit eine Erkenntnisweise verwirklicht, die sich als schöpferisches Vermögen der Sprache zeigt. In rhythmischem Sprechen, in Metaphorik, in Bildneuheiten und in einem alles grundierenden Schweigen weist sie hinaus ins Offene, wo die Worte noch fehlen.
Wer erhört wen oder was?
Authors: Ostmeyer Karl-Heinrich
Published: July 2022

Vorgegebene Gebete

Unter vorgegebenen Gebeten werden Gebete verstanden, die von den Betenden nicht selbst formuliert sind, sondern, die ihnen durch eine äußere Instanz (auf-)gegeben sind (z. B. durch Jesus in Mt 6,9 und Lk 11,2) oder die sie in der Tradition (z. B. den Psalmen) vorfinden.

wirken als ein die Betenden formendes Sprachereignis. In der Anrufung Gottes als Vater konstituiert sich ein Kindschaftsverhältnis zum ewigen Gott. Die Betenden werden selbst zum Inhalt ihres Betens: Als Gläubige haben sie Anteil am Reich Gottes, um dessen Kommen sie bitten (Mt 6,10 a); in der Akzeptanz des Geschehenden als Gottes Willen erfüllen sie ihr eigenes Gebet (V. 10 b). Ergebnis solchen Betens ist keine Änderung der Pläne Gottes, sondern der Betenden selbst.
Zur sprachlichen Konstruktion religiös begründeter Machtasymmetrien
Authors: Lobenstein-Reichmann Anja
Published: July 2022

Von der religiösen Sinnstiftung und der Zivilisierung des Menschen hin zum Guten über eine gewaltsame Durchsetzung der eigenen Religion hin zu einer nur noch rhetorischen Indienstnahme religiösen Sprechens zur Legitimierung von Gewalt sind es oft nur wenige Schritte. Dieser Beitrag soll ein Versuch sein, die »Artikulationskraft religiöser Sprache« (Habermas) zu beschreiben und ihr Potential zur Ermächtigung bzw. zur Entmächtigung auszuleuchten.
“It Was Like Listening to Someone Laughing Their Way Toward Death”: Black Noise, Vocal Experiments, and Sonic Silence in Chester Himes’s The Heat’s On
Authors: Mozes Dorottya
Published: July 2022

The article draws together sound studies and Black studies to examine Himes’s sonic inventions and interventions for imagining the persistence of Black life under conditions of extreme domination. Taking up Sharpe’s call for recognizing “insistent Black visualsonic resistance to that imposition of non/being,” it finds that Himes’s soundscapes in The Heat’s On offer alternatives to how western sound studies theoreticians think about the relationship between sound, white supremacy, and the environment (21). The article contributes to research on the sonic modalities of resistance and domination as well as ongoing discussions about the importance of listening, specifically, the ways in which listening fosters alternative forms of relationality and spatiality. As far as the sonic subversions and experiments of Harlemites, “Black noise” emerges as something that bypasses attempts at capture, including dominant cultural norms, strategies of silencing, and raciolinguistic attitudes toward vernacular forms of Black English. Finally, the article emphasizes the link between what it terms sonic silence, embodied practices of listening and breathing where keeping breath in the Black body can be seen as a prerequisite to interconnected forms of consciousness and being.
Assessment of the bender element sensors to measure seismic wave velocity of soils in the physical model
Authors: Alshameri Badee
Published: July 2022

In recent decades, the bender element (BE) test has been used to estimate the seismic wave velocity in the laboratory due to several advantages; simplicity, versatility, fastness, inexpensiveness, and non-destructive nature. However, even with the advanced usage of BE in the laboratory, there has been little effort to use the BE in the field. In this article, the BE was used on a physical model at a multilayer mixture soils system and using different methods, patterns, and wave path lengths to evaluate the BE technique in the simulated field. The results indicated that the cross-hole pattern was the most suitable pattern to implement the BE test on the simulated field. BE results were highly influenced by the boundary condition when the distance between the sensor and hard boundary is less than 0.3 of the wave path length. BE sensors were able to detect seismic wave velocity at a ratio of the wave path length to sensor length up to 200 times.
Effectiveness of different accelerated green synthesis methods in zinc oxide nanoparticles using red pepper extract: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Eslami Hadi , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Khonakdar Hosein Ali
Published: July 2022

Potential ability of red pepper extract in zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) fabrication via three accelerated heating techniques, namely, conventional heating with stirring (at 100°C and 700 rpm, for 30 min), autoclave (at 15 psi and 121°C, for 15 min), and microwave irradiation (power of 800 W for 3 min) was assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy indicated that the prepared extract contained 20 active compounds including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and organic acids with several functional groups such as hydroxyls. Results indicated that ZnO NPs with spherical and hexagonal structures have been formed using three different heating methods, and the minimum crystal size for the fabricated ZnO NPs was 88.44 nm, which was attained using heating by autoclave. Antioxidant activity of the synthesized ZnO NPs was determined using the red pepper extract, and accuracy of this method was 80.21%. Finally, results indicated that the formed ZnO NPs had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis and high antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.
A numerical study on the effects of bowl and nozzle geometry on performances of an engine fueled with diesel or bio-diesel fuels
Authors: Leng Xianyin , Huang Haiqi , He Zhixia , Wang Qian , Long Wuqiang , Dong Dongsheng
Published: July 2022

One of the most important trends for advanced diesel engines is downsizing, i.e., higher power density, which means more fuel is burned in a shorter period. In order to achieve rapid combustion for a high-power density diesel engine, the effects of bowl shape, diameter-to-depth ratio of bowl, and arrangement of nozzle holes on combustion and performance were investigated by CFD simulation. The effects of four bowl shapes, two of which were double-layer split bowls (DLSBs), as well as four diameter-to-depth ratios and three arrangements of nozzle holes were numerically assessed. The results show that the DLSB with a shallow dish-like structure yielded a remarkable effect of swirling flow by fuel splitting into upper- and lower-layer zones, which improved fuel–air mixing, shortened combustion duration, thus, resulting in high combustion efficiency and power density. Moreover, with the increase in diameter-to-depth ratio of the B type DLSB, the turbulent kinetic energy and the peak of pressure and heat release rate increased, further increasing power density. Finally, when the DLSB with a diameter-to-depth ratio of 2.0 is coupled with the staggered double-layer arrangement of nozzle holes, the in-cylinder mixtures became more uniform at both the circumferential and radial directions, and the combustion was considerably accelerated, achieving an optimum specific power of 122.6 kW·L−1. Meanwhile, there was a slight decrement for peak pressure and NOx emission, and smoke decreased by 49.1%, which revealed substantial improvement in reduction in mechanical load and emissions.
Constructing a Theoretical System for the “Chinese School of New Animation”
Authors: Pan Jian
Published: July 2022

Chinese animation has always emphasized practice over theory. Due to its lack of a corresponding theoretical system, Chinese animation’s creative and industrial practices have suffered great setbacks. The once famous “School of Chinese Animation” unexpectedly declined with the rise of the wider animation industry. At the same time, the emerging animation industry is now facing similar problems. Therefore, it is imperative to construct a theoretical system for the “Chinese School of New Animation”. To achieve this goal, the school should be studied from the perspective of social context, realistic demands, historical experience, and its main content. Its theoretical construction should emphasize three primary aspects: artistic ontology, industrial mechanisms, and cultural diffusion.
Effect of the covariance matrix type on the CPT based soil stratification utilizing the Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Thajeel Jawad K. , Adel Raghad , Ali Haneen Muhammed , Shakir Ressol R.
Published: July 2022

The identification and stratification of soils represent an essential step in designing various geotechnical structures. The cone penetration test (CPT) measurements are used widely to classify the soil; however, the soil classification charts such as the Robertson chart undergo uncertainty from different sources that make overlapping of soil types. This article aims to develop a probabilistic approach employing clustering with Gaussian mixture model, which can deal with the uncertainty and classify the soil based on CPT. The spatial parameters were obtained assuming the different types of covariance matrices. The data utilized in this study represent the results of CPT in four locations in Nasiriyah, Iraq. Both spatial and feature patterns were produced and used to classify the soil. This research revealed that the soils deduced from the Robertson chart were clay, silt, and sand. No gravelly sand appeared on the chart. The soil at shallow depth was clay soils, and it changed to be sandy silt at fairly great depth. They were close to the boundary curve between the stiff clay and sand zones and relatively existed at great depth. The probabilistic approach can detect the soil layers fast without experience-based decisions. Moreover, the type of assumed covariance matrix may affect the soil profile.
Determination of heat flux leading to the onset of flow instability in MTR reactors
Authors: El-Morshedy Salah El-Din
Published: July 2022

The prediction of heat flux leading to the Onset of Flow Instability (OFI) phenomena is an important consideration in the design of Material Testing Reactors (MTR) due to the possibility of flow excursion during postulated accident. From the thermal-hydraulic point of view, OFI is the critical phenomenon limiting MTR reactor power. In a previous work, an empirical correlation is developed to predict the subcooling at OFI in narrow vertical rectangular channels simulating a coolant channel of MTR. In the present work, an innovative model to determine the heat flux leading to OFI in MTR reactors is introduced based on the previous correlation. The developed model gives a very low deviation of only 1.65% from the experimental data of Whittle & Forgan that covers a wide range of MTR operating conditions. The heat flux leading to OFI is also predicted by both Whittle & Forgan and Fabrega correlations for comparison. The present model is then applied on the IAEA 10 MW MTR generic reactor to predict the Best-Estimate (BE) and Best-Estimate-Plus-Uncertainty (BEPU) Onset of Flow Instability Ratio (OFIR) and the power leading to OFI as well as the bubble detachment parameter under different coolant velocities and inlet temperatures. The model is also used to predict both the OFIR and bubble detachment parameter in the reactor under unprotected Loss-of-Flow transient for exponential flow decay with a time constant of 1.0 s (fast LOFA), 10, 15 and 25 s (slow LOFA) from a power level of 10 MW. For BEPU calculation, a combined statistical method with direct propagation of errors is adapted to treat the uncertainty factors for fuel fabrication and measured parameters in the BEPU calculation. The model results is analyzed and discussed.