bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mutant mouse resource and research center (MMRRC) consortium: the US-based public mouse repository system
Authors: Agca Yuksel , Amos-Landgraf James , Araiza Renee , Brennan Jennifer , Carlson Charisse , Ciavatta Dominic , Clary Dave , Franklin Craig , Korf Ian , Lutz Cathleen , Magnuson Terry , de Villena Fernando Pardo-Manuel , Mirochnitchenko Oleg , Patel Samit , Port Dan , Reinholdt Laura , Lloyd K. C. Kent
Published: September 2024

Now in its 25th year, the Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MMRRC) consortium continues to serve the United States and international biomedical scientific community as a public repository and distribution archive of laboratory mouse models of human disease for research. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the MMRRC consists of 4 regionally distributed and dedicated vivaria, offices, and specialized laboratory facilities and an Informatics Coordination and Service Center (ICSC). The overarching purpose of the MMRRC is to facilitate groundbreaking biomedical research by offering an extensive repertoire of mutant mice that are essential for advancing the understanding of human physiology and disease. The function of the MMRRC is to identify, acquire, evaluate, characterize, cryopreserve, and distribute mutant mouse strains to qualified biomedical investigators around the nation and the globe. Mouse strains accepted from the research community are held to the highest scientific standards to optimize reproducibility and enhance scientific rigor and transparency. All submitted strains are thoroughly reviewed, documented, and validated using extensive scientific quality control measures. In addition, the MMRRC conducts resource-related research on cryopreservation, mouse genetics, environmental conditions, and other topics that enhance operations of the MMRRC. Today, the MMRRC maintains an archive of mice, cryopreserved embryos and sperm, embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, and murine hybridomas for nearly 65,000 alleles. Since its inception, the MMRRC has fulfilled more than 20,000 orders from 13,651 scientists at 8441 institutions worldwide. The MMRRC also provides numerous services to assist researchers, including scientific consultation, technical assistance, genetic assays, microbiome analysis, analytical phenotyping, pathology, cryorecovery, husbandry, breeding and colony management, infectious disease surveillance, and disease modeling. The ICSC coordinates MMRRC operations, interacts with researchers, and manages the website (mmrrc.org) and online catalogue. Researchers benefit from an expansive list of well-defined mouse models of disease that meet the highest scientific standards while submitting investigators benefit by having their mouse strains cryopreserved, protected, and distributed in compliance with NIH policies.
Philosophy and Clinical Reasoning in Rehabilitation Sciences: Bridging the Gap
Authors: Rosa Davide Dalla , Chiffi Daniele , Andreoletti Mattia
Published: September 2024

This paper addresses the relatively overlooked field of rehabilitation and physical medicine, offering an epistemological perspective on clinical reasoning in these disciplines, focusing on three different domains: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Rehabilitation sciences, often overshadowed by medicine and nursing, present unique challenges in terms of clinical reasoning. We explore these challenges, highlighting the distinctive features that set rehabilitation apart from clinical medicine. Notably, rehabilitation focuses on functions, aiming to improve an individual’s quality of life, setting it apart from disease-centered medicine. Drawing also from philosophical insights in nursing literature, we offer a multidisciplinary perspective on the epistemological dimensions of rehabilitation and physical medicine, shedding light on their placement within healthcare disciplines.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy-left ventricular outflow tract shapes and their hemodynamic influences applying CMR
Authors: Mayr T. , Riazy L. , Trauzeddel R. F. , Bassenge J. P. , Wiesemann S. , Blaszczyk E. , Prothmann M. , Hadler T. , Schmitter S. , Schulz-Menger Jeanette
Published: September 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiac disorders and is characterized by different phenotypes of left ventricular hypertrophy with and without obstruction. The effects of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction based on different anatomies may be hemodynamically relevant and influence therapeutic decision making. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides anatomical information. We aimed to identify different shapes of LVOT-obstruction using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR). The study consisted of two parts: An in-vivo experiment for shape analysis and in-vitro part for the assessment of its hemodynamic consequences. In-vivo a 3D depiction of the LVOT was created using a 3D multi-slice reconstruction from 2D-slices (full coverage cine stack with 7 slices and a thickness of 5–6 mm with no gap) in 125 consecutive HOCM patients (age = 64.17 +/− 12.655; female n = 42). In-vitro an analysis of the LVOT regarding shape and flow behavior was conducted. For this purpose, 2D and 4D measurements were performed on 3D printed phantoms which were based on the anatomical characteristics of the in-vivo study, retrospectively. The in-vivo study identified three main shapes named K- (28.8%), X- (51.2%) and V-shape (10.4%) and a mixed one (9.6%). By analyzing the in-vitro flow measurements every shape showed an individual flow profile in relation to the maximum velocity in cm/s. Here, the V-shape showed the highest value of velocity (max. 138.87 cm/s). The X-shape was characterized by a similar profile but with lower velocity values (max. 125.39 cm/s), whereas the K-shape had an increase of the velocity without decrease (max. 137.11 cm/s). For the first time three different shapes of LVOT-obstruction could be identified. These variants seem to affect the hemodynamics in HOCM.
“Even When I was on the Street, I Still Didn’t Want to Give Myself the Label of ‘Prostitute’”: Sex Trade Survivor Mentors’ Narrative Constructions of Their Past Involvement in the Sex Trade
Authors: Kali Dodish-Adi , Malka Menny
Published: September 2024

Women involved in the sex trade (WST) often face pathologizing attitudes due to their participation in the sex trade. Their rehabilitation journey is supported by clinical social workers specializing in complex trauma-informed care, as well as Sex Trade Survivor Mentors (STSM), who are supervised by these professionals. Through the lens of social construction theory and the narrative approach, this study sought to delve into the narrative constructions of STSM regarding their past engagement in the Israeli sex trade industry. Based on a qualitative approach, eight STSM were interviewed through a semi-structured, in-depth interview, which was analyzed by content analysis. Results point to three structural narratives in which STSM give meaning to what they described as “the prostitution story”. (1) The dominant story, within which negative meaning was given to the prostitution story, embodying shame, and concealment from the self, from one’s peer group, and in job interviews; (2) the first alternative story, in which, within a semi-professional context, STSM expose the prostitution story on the basis of professional honesty, sowing seeds of hope and creating bonding with street WST; and (3) the second alternative story, in which the prostitution story is exposed in a public-social context, as a story of survival and inspiration. The study’s conclusions advocate for integrating creative and narrative approaches into clinical practice to mitigate the destructive impact of social stigma inherent in the dominant story. Based on the lived experience of WST/STSM, clinical social workers can contribute to the construction of alternative stories, thereby challenging and reshaping the dominant stories.
Reliable decentralized failure diagnosis of discrete event systems using single-level inference
Authors: Hamada Takumi , Takai Shigemasa
Published: September 2024

We consider a reliable decentralized diagnosis problem for discrete event systems in the inference-based framework. This problem requires us to synthesize local diagnosers such that the occurrence of any failure string is correctly detected within a finite number of steps, even if local diagnosis decisions of some local diagnosers are not available. In the case of single-level inference, we introduce a notion of reliable 1-inference-diagnosability and show that reliable 1-inference-diagnosability is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution to the reliable decentralized diagnosis problem. Then, we show how to verify reliable 1-inference-diagnosability effectively. When the system to be diagnosed is reliably 1-inference-diagnosable, we compute the delay bound within which the occurrence of any failure string can be detected. Local diagnosers can be constructed using the computed delay bound.
Monitoring and assessment of spatiotemporal soil salinization in the Lake Urmia region
Authors: Mirzaee S. , Nafchi A. Mirzakhani , Ostovari Y. , Seifi M. , Ghorbani-Dashtaki S. , Khodaverdiloo H. , Chakherlou S. , Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi R. , Raei B.
Published: September 2024

Soil salinization stands as a prominent global environmental challenge, necessitating enhanced assessment methodologies. This study is dedicated to refining soil salinity assessment in the Lake Urmia region of Iran, utilizing multi-year data spanning from 2015 to 2018. To achieve this objective, soil salinity was measured at 915 sampling points during the 2015–2018 timeframe. Simultaneously, remote sensing data were derived from surface reflectance data over the same study period. Four distinct scenarios were considered such as a newly developed spectral index (Scenario I), the newly developed index combined with other salt-based spectral indices from the literature (Scenario II), indirect spectral indices based on vegetation and soil characteristics (Scenario III), and the amalgamation of both direct and indirect spectral indices (Scenario IV). Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) were employed to assess soil salinity. The measured data divided to 75% of the data as the calibration dataset, while the remaining 25% constituted the validation dataset. The findings revealed a correlation between soil salinity and spectral indices from the literature, with a range of -0.53 to 0.51, while the newly developed spectral index exhibited a stronger correlation (r = 0.59). Furthermore, RF yielded superior results when using the newly developed spectral index (Scenario I). Overall, SVM emerged as the most effective model (ME = -9.678, R2 = 0.751, and RPIQ = 1.78) when integrating direct and indirect spectral indices (Scenario IV). This study demonstrates the efficacy of combining machine learning techniques with a blend of newly developed and existing spectral indices from the literature for the monitoring of soil salinity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
How Darwin can help Post-Structuralists Maintain that Apartheid was Unconditionally Unjust
Authors: van der Merwe Ragnar
Published: September 2024

Generally, we want certain ethical claims to be unconditionally true. One such claim is “Apartheid was unjust”. In this paper, I discuss a group of South African post-structuralist philosophers who call their view Critical Complexity (CC). Because of post-structuralism’s radical contextualism, CCists can only claim that things are ‘as if’ Apartheid was unjust. They cannot claim that Apartheid was unconditionally unjust. Many will find this unsatisfying. I argue that a naturalised or Darwinian notion of rationality can help CCists (and perhaps post-structuralists in general) in this regard. This kind of rationality is what has come to be known as embodied rationality. We employ embodied rationality when navigating the ecological and social domains. It has, though, been co-opted for navigating the ethical domain. We can, then, claim that Apartheid was unconditionally unjust because it is embodied rational to do so. This does not involve embracing the kind of Cartesian rationality that CCists rightly reject.
Will temporarily free bike sharing change transport behavior forever? Evidence from a free rides’ promotion on trip demand
Authors: Weschke Jan
Published: September 2024

The relation between price and transport demand is one of the main aspects of transport mode choice. While price elasticities are well known for conventional transport modes like driving or public transport, only few studies exist dealing with fares and prices for rather new (shared) modes like bike sharing. In particular, hardly no evidence is available on the impact of the usage fee on trip demand for urban bike share systems. Therefore, the present paper develops an empirical approach to estimate the impact of a temporarily introduced 30-day free bike share rides promotion in Boston, MA in summer 2022. Based on daily trip data of bike sharing systems in Boston, MA and Washington, D.C., a difference-in-differences model is estimated to analyze the impact of the free fare. Results show that trip demand rise by up to 55% due to the waived usage fee during the time of the promotion. Furthermore, model results reveal that trip demand stays at a 20% increased level even three months after the end of the fare free program.
Hydrothermal synthesis of bare TiO2 nanowires and polystyrene (PS)-TiO2 nanowires used for selective photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol in water and PS photodegradation in solid state
Authors: Erol İbrahim , Khamidov Gofur , Efe Esra , Yurdakal Sedat , Palmisano Leonardo
Published: September 2024

In the present work, nanowire (NW) structured TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and BET specific surface area techniques. They were obtained in the anatase phase and presented a high surface area (ca. 300 m2/g). A commercial TiO2 (anatase, Merck) was used for comparison. The TiO2 catalysts were tested for photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol to 3-pyridinemethanal and vitamin B3 in water under UVA irradiation. The effects of acid treatment and subsequent calcination for TiO2 catalysts after the hydrothermal synthesis were also investigated. The sample, subjected to acid treatment and calcined at 300 °C (NW-HCl-300), showed the highest photocatalytic activity and selectivity towards the products. Consequently, this sample and Merck TiO2 were used to prepare polystyrene (PS)/TiO2 composites using the hydrothermal method. They were characterized by XRD, SEM–EDX, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), UV–Vis, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and contact angle measurements and tested for PS (present in the composite) photodegradation. The results indicated that NW-HCl-300 had a high surface area, and was highly hydroxylated, favouring a good distribution of PS in the composite. The composite presented high thermal stability, but under UVA irradiation the polymer underwent solid-state photocatalytic degradation due to the contact with TiO2. The composite photodegradation was investigated using gravimetric, GPC, FT-IR, UV–Vis, and SEM techniques.
Temporal Counteridentity and Imagining De Nunc
Authors: Pearson Hazel
Published: September 2024

In temporal counteridenticals like ‘Ian is imagining that it is 2030 and Sally is rich’, the subject locates themself at a time other than (what they believe to be) the current time. In such reports, tense in the embedded clause can denote the time that the attitude holder imagines herself to be located at, or the time that she believes herself to be located at. I show that these two interpretations are subject to systematic constraints. The observed pattern is parallel to that discovered in Pearson (in prep.) for personal counteridenticals, such as Lakoff’s famous Brigitte Bardot sentence. I propose an analysis of these findings that depends on two key assumptions: (1) there is a mechanism of ‘de nunc binding’ that encodes the ‘subjective now’ of the attitude holder; and (2) this mechanism is constrained by a principle of the grammar called ‘Condition CW’, originally proposed for personal counteridenticals in Pearson (in prep.). These findings support the view that attitudes de se and de nunc constitute a special class, not reducible to de re. They further suggest that there is a dedicated linguistic mechanism for encoding such attitudes that is subject to systematic grammatical constraints.
Apoptotic Potential of Iloneoside from Gongronema latifolium Benth against Prostate Cancer Cells Using In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Gyebi Gideon A. , Afolabi Saheed O. , Ogunyemi Oludare M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Olorundare Olufunke E. , Adebayo Joseph O. , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: September 2024

Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. The anti-proliferative activity of Gongronema latifolium leaf extracts on some cancer cells has been reported. Herein, we investigated the growth inhibitory effect of the Gongronema latilolium leaf methanol extract and isolated pregnane (iloneoside) against prostate cancer cell lines using the MTT cell proliferation assay, apoptosis quantification, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry and computational analysis molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDs), binding free energy computation and cluster analysis. In addition, UPLC-ESI-TOFMS chemical fingerprinting of previously isolated compounds was performed. The extract inhibited the growth of the cell lines with an IC50 of 49.3 µg/ml and 28.4 µg/ml for 24 h and 48 h, respectively, for PC3; and 43.7 µg/ml and 22.3 µg/ml for 24 h and 48 h, respectively, for DU145. Iloneoside demonstrated low inhibitory activities against PC3 and DU145 (IC50 > 80 μM). Apoptotic quantification and cell cycle analysis further showed that iloneoside induced apoptosis in a few cells at a dose of 200 uM. The ensemble-based molecular docking of the iloneoside to BCL-XL and BCL-2 proteins, and docking to MCL-1, BCL-A1 and BFL-1 proteins, respectively, presented binding energies of −7.22 ± 0.5, −8.12 ± 0.55, −7.1, −7.2 and −6.3 kcal/mol, while the MM/PBSA binding free energy was −25.72 ± 7.22 and −27.76 ± 11.32 kcal/mol for BCL-XL and BCL-2 proteins. Furthermore, iloneoside was stable during the 100 ns MDs analysis, while the clustering of the MDs trajectories showed that the interactions were strongly preserved. Iloneoside, in part, or in synergy with other constituents, may be responsible for the antiproliferative activities of the leaf, subject to further investigation.
NRI and SIRI are the optimal combinations for prognostic risk stratification in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after EGFR-TKI therapy
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Peipei , Liu Guolong
Published: September 2024

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. However, NSCLC heterogeneity leads to differences in efficacy; thus, potential biomarkers need to be explored to predict the prognosis of patients. Recently, the prognostic importance of pre-treatment malnutrition and systemic inflammatory response in cancer patients has received increasing attention.

Methods

In this study, clinical information from 363 NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKI treatment at our clinical center was used for analysis.

Results

High nutritional risk index (NRI) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients (P < 0.05). Importantly, NRI and SIRI were the best combination models for predicting clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients and independent OS and PFS predictors. Moreover, a nomogram model was constructed by combining NRI/SIRI, sex, smoking history, EGFR mutation, TNM stage, and surgery treatment to visually and personally predict the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year OS of patients with NSCLC. Notably, risk stratification based on the nomogram model was better than that based on the TNM stage.

Conclusion

NRI and SIRI were the best combination models for predicting clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKI treatment, which may be a novel biomarker for supplement risk stratification in NSCLC patients.
Expansion effect of romiplostim on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells versus thrombopoietin and eltrombopag
Authors: Tezuka Yuta , Onoda Naoki , Morishima Tatsuya , Sumitomo Yoshiki , Nishii Keigo , Takizawa Hitoshi , Kai Masayuki
Published: September 2024

Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist, is a clinically approved drug that is clearly effective in reconstituting hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia and　idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, the mechanism underlying its biological effect is unknown, and its differences from other TPO receptor agonists remain unclear. Therefore, we determined the in vitro expansion effect of romiplostim on human CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) versus recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) and another clinically available drug, eltrombopag. We also performed single-cell RNA-seq to determine effects of romiplostim on CD34 + HSPCs at the molecular level. The maximum expansion effect of romiplostim on total CD34 + cells, CD34 + CD38 + progenitor cells, and CD34 + CD38 − immature cells was comparable to that of rhTPO, but higher than that of eltrombopag, particularly on CD34 + CD38 − immature cells. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that both romiplostim and eltrombopag induced signatures driven by rhTPO, but romiplostim induced molecular changes related to RHOA signaling in the most primitive HSPC subsets that were partially driven or not driven by eltrombopag. Additionally, romiplostim did not induce TFRC expression as was observed with eltrombopag. In conclusion, romiplostim expands and affects human HSPCs similar to rhTPO, but partially different from eltrombopag in terms of induction of gene expression.
Psychological Stress and Urticaria: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Updates
Authors: Xiang Yi-Kui , Türk Murat , Ojeda Ivan Cherrez , Elieh-Ali-Komi Daniel , Salman Andac , Kocatürk Emek
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review

The goal of this review is to examine the relationship between psychological stress and chronic urticaria (CU), focusing on the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. The paper seeks to answer how stress exacerbates CU and the neuro-immunological pathways involved, providing insight into improving therapeutic strategies by considering the psychological dimensions of the disease.

Recent findings

Recent studies highlight the significant role of stress in aggravating CU through the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurogenic inflammation. Increased levels of neuropeptides like substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide, as well as upregulated expression of the MRGPRX2 receptor, are implicated in the neuro-immune interactions that worsen CU symptoms. Additionally, psychological distress has been linked to poorer disease outcomes, with stress management strategies and psychopharmacological interventions showing promise in reducing disease severity.

This review concludes that stress significantly contributes to the exacerbation of CU through neuro-immune pathways, suggesting the need for holistic treatment approaches. Addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of CU may improve disease management and patient outcomes. Future research should focus on further elucidating the connection between stress and CU and developing targeted therapies that integrate stress reduction techniques into standard care.
The Late Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic in Crimea (Ukraine)—A Review of the Neanderthal Refugium Hypothesis
Authors: Pigott E. M. , Uthmeier T. , Chabai V. , Higham T. F. G.
Published: September 2024

The Crimean Peninsula contains numerous important Palaeolithic sites. It has been considered a potential Neanderthal refugium in Eurasia prior to their disappearance or assimilation, and subsequent replacement by Homo sapiens. This understanding is primarily drawn from lithic technological analysis and radiocarbon dating. However, recent developments in the latter suggest that many of the previously obtained radiocarbon dates from Crimean sites may be too young. The chronological sequence from the site of Kabazi II is a case in point, where differences between dates of bulk collagen and those of single amino acids range up to 10,000 radiocarbon years. These discrepancies are argued to arise from sample contamination and its lack of removal in bulk collagen dating. In this paper, we undertake a critical re-evaluation of results from seven Palaeolithic archaeological sites in the Crimean Peninsula: Kabazi II, Siuren I, Buran-Kaya III, Zaskalnaya V and Zaskalnaya VI, Kabazi V and Starosel’e. Our analysis of radiocarbon results from various sites supports the view that radiocarbon dates obtained so far tend to be too young, which has been indicated in the stratigraphy and lithic assemblages. By harnessing robust radiocarbon protocols in future chronometric work, such as the extraction of hydroxyproline, ninhydrin derivatisation or the purification of amino acids using XAD-2 resin, there is potential for constructing accurate chronologies. Furthermore, improved dating accuracy holds the promise of significant additional insights into the prehistoric sequence of the Crimean Peninsula and its potential role as a refugium for Neanderthals prior to their disappearance.
The application of immunonutrition in patients with cancer: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Liu Yudi , Li Fangqi , Hu Jifan , Cui Jiuwei
Published: September 2024

Immunonutrition (IN) is defined as using special nutritional substrates (immnonutrients) to regulate the nutritional status as well as immune and inflammatory functions. Patients with cancer often have chronic inflammation and impaired immune function due to the disease and its treatment, affecting the quality of life of patients and the outcome of cancer treatment. Malnutrition, metabolic abnormalities, immune imbalances and inflammatory responses permeate the entire process of tumor development and progression. Therefore, IN has its great potential in the treatment of cancer patients. Although there has been a large body of evidence, the application of IN in cancer patients meets the challenge, such as the optimal administration time, application population, ingredients of IN, and the dosage and ratio of application etc. Besides, new studies with better designed are emerging. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidences in IN in patients with cancer, and to guide the clinical application.
Histoire des savoirs et relations de pouvoir
Authors: Rapini Andrea , Weill Pierre-Édouard
Published: September 2024

Cet article apporte une contribution à l’histoire des savoirs fondée sur l’analyse de relations de pouvoir à la croisée des champs académique et politique. Il prend pour objet les métamorphoses de la science administrative (SA) italienne, de son imposition dans le cursus juridique (1875) à sa disparition provisoire des facultés de droit (1935). Il esquisse d’abord les grandes lignes du modèle universitaire italien naissant et ses influences étrangères. Il analyse ensuite la controverse sur les fondements épistémologiques et les frontières d’une SA émergente et contestée, ces débats étant liés à des enjeux politiques sur la souveraineté de l’État et la légitimité de son intervention sociale. Si l’enseignement de la SA connaît un essor jusque dans les années 1880, des transformations réglementaires affectent les rapports de force dans le recrutement professoral et amorcent son déclin. C’est ce qu’objective la reconstitution de la structure des liens de coparticipation aux jurys de recrutement, grâce aux outils de l’analyse de réseaux. Combinant l’exploitation de ces résultats et de données biographiques, l’article montre comment les défenseurs d’une méthode juridique des plus formalistes imposent leurs principes de définition et de classement des disciplines administratives. L’étude de trajectoires exemplaires oppose enfin la perpétuation de la marginalité des promoteurs d’une SA interventionniste à la consécration de ses contempteurs, qui légitiment l’État libéral, mais adoptent des postures contrastées face à l’avènement du fascisme.
The Politics of Outrage: Violence, Policing, and the Archive in Colonial Ireland
Authors: Sprenger Nicholas
Published: September 2024

During the nineteenth century in Ireland, agents of the colonial state like the police, along with the administrators that they served, forged an association between political motivations and Irish agrarian violence. They did so not only through the policing of Irish violence, but through the methods used by the colonial state to categorize, process, record, and archive it. Central to this endeavor was the category of “outrage.” Using this category, the Irish Constabulary created a record that impressed an association between Irish violence or criminality and political resistance. Because the British colonial state had control over the production of the archive, it also dictated the metanarratives present in this “archive of outrages” that gave form and function to the colonial state's fears that Irish violence represented a budding insurrection or a desire to fracture the Union. By perpetuating this logic in document and archival form, Dublin Castle (the seat of the British government's administration of Ireland) helped create the very demon that it sought to exorcise—that of Irish nationalist action and sentiment.
PALEO TSUNAMIS AND STORM SURGES RECORDED BY FOSSIL CORAL ON YAKUSHIMA ISLAND, JAPAN
Authors: Lloyd Sabrina G , Yokoyama Yusuke , Aze Takahiro , Miyairi Yosuke , Abe Kohei , Echigo Tomoo
Published: September 2024

Yakushima is a small, mountainous island off southern Kyushu, Japan. Its proximity to active volcanos and subduction zones leaves Yakushima vulnerable to large megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis, in addition to powerful typhoons and storm surges. These hazardous events deposit beach boulders: large rocks moved above sea-level by powerful waves. By radiocarbon dating the fossilized coral within these boulders, one can derive age estimates of the hazard events. Reliably estimating the magnitude and timing of geological events in the historical record is vital for future hazard prediction and mitigation. In this study, we estimated the deposition age of ten boulders on the north coast of Yakushima to infer potential paleo tsunamis and storm surges. We found that large wave events have occurred frequently throughout the Holocene. Based on the boulders’ ages, we identified four potential deposition events at 1986–2692 cal yr BP, 3522–4075 cal yr BP, 4773–5232 cal yr BP, and 6187–6638 cal yr BP. These deposits are likely a result of storm surges, or tsunamis from nearby volcanic activity or subduction earthquakes. Another set of boulders dated to 5125–5738 cal yr BP were likely exposed due to a decline in sea-level following the Holocene high sea-level stand. Further modelling could determine the wave height necessary to move the boulders and distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits. This is especially pertinent given the high frequency of coastal geohazards, and the likelihood of similar hazards impacting southeast Japan in the future.
EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR 14C GRAPHITE PREPARATION AT THE GXNU LAB, CHINA
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Chen Dingxiong , Wang Li , Li Zhaomei , Tang Junsen , Zhang Guofeng , Qi Linjie , Wu Kaiyong , Han Xinyi , Ouyang He , He Yun , Wang Ning , Sun Xiaojun , He Ming , Sasa Kimikazu , Jiang Shan
Published: September 2024

As a required sample preparation method for 14C graphite, the Zn-Fe reduction method has been widely used in various laboratories. However, there is still insufficient research to improve the efficiency of graphite synthesis, reduce modern carbon contamination, and test other condition methodologies at Guangxi Normal University (GXNU). In this work, the experimental parameters, such as the reduction temperature, reaction time, reagent dose, Fe powder pretreatment, and other factors, in the Zn-Fe flame sealing reduction method for 14C graphite samples were explored and determined. The background induced by the sample preparation process was (2.06 ± 0.55) × 10–15, while the 12C– beam current were better than 40μA. The results provide essential instructions for preparing 14C graphite of ∼1 mg at the GXNU lab and technical support for the development of 14C dating and tracing, contributing to biology and environmental science.
FIRST δ13C RESULTS WITH A NEW CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EA-IRMS SYSTEM AND THE GAS INJECTION SYSTEM AT COLOGNEAMS
Authors: Gwozdz Martina , Stolz Alexander , Jaeschke Andrea , Heinze Stefan , Mörchen Ramona , Dewald Alfred , Rethemeyer Janet , Mücher Dennis , Schiffer Markus
Published: September 2024

This work presents the integration of an elemental analyzer (EA) and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) into the 6 MV AMS system at the Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne. The AMS measurement of δ13C values for IAEA-C6 reference material resulted in –11.39(226)‰, compared to –10.28(32)‰ obtained by IRMS. The EA-IRMS system was also tested with IAEA-C3, IAEA-C5, and IAEA-C7 reference materials, yielding –24.79(9), –25.18(15), and –14.76(18)‰ respectively. Compared to the IAEA information values given as –24.91(49), –25.49(72) and –14.48(21)‰ respectively. To investigate an observed sample mass dependency, environmental samples from Spitzbergen were examined, showing δ13C values of –25.17(55), –25.80(31), and –26.17‰ in Cologne, while Hamburg recorded –24.8(1), –25.5(1), and –26.2(13)‰. In summary, this new setup could enable online analysis and quasi-simultaneous measurements of 14C, δ13C, and δ15N for ultra-small samples, utilizing precise δ13C values from IRMS for fractionation correction of the 14C/14C isotopic ratio.
14C MICROSAMPLE ANALYSIS WITH ECHoMICADAS FACILITIES: CURRENT STATE OF PLAY
Authors: Thil François , Tisnérat-Laborde Nadine , Hatté Christine , Kader Elias , Noury Claude , Paterne Martine , Phouybanhdyt Brian , Wacker Lukas
Published: September 2024

In 2015, a new accelerator mass spectrometry facility (AMS), the ECHoMICADAS (Environnement, Climat, Homme, MIni CArbon DAting System), was installed in the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE). Equipped with a hybrid source, it allows the analysis of solid or gas samples for 14C measurement. Here, we summarize the equipment surrounding the Gas Interface System (GIS), namely the elemental analyzer (EA), the carbonate handling system (CHS2) and the ampoule cracker. We describe our model of sample contamination, taking into account the cross and the constant contaminations, and then describe how these contaminations were handled in the data processing. Both contaminant corrections are applied before the phases of blank subtraction and standard normalization, making it possible to use the standard, blank and sample ratios without contaminant during these phases. We finally present our results on normalization standards (N=118), blanks (N=125) and reference materials (N=117) for different measurement protocols and for sample masses between 3 and 300 µgC.
‘They will be like a person with a disease’: a qualitative investigation of variation in contraceptive side-effect experiences in Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Stevens Rose , Gurmu Eshetu , Negash Ametelber , Ewart Elizabeth , Alvergne Alexandra
Published: September 2024

Contraceptive side effects are consistently given as the main reason why women are dissatisfied with contraception or choose not to use it. However, why some women suffer more from side effects remains unknown. Through inductive analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 contraceptive users and 3 key informants in Central Oromia, Ethiopia, we explored women’s rationales for variation in side-effect experiences. The data first reveal the wide diversity in type and severity of side-effect experiences reported by users of contraception. Second, we found that women’s rationales for why some individuals suffer more side effects from contraception invoke economic and physical hardship (food insecurity and heavy workloads), as well as interindividual differences in biology (one’s blood must ‘fit’ with contraception). Finally, the analysis revealed the tension many women face in trying to negotiate the trade-off between the consequences of these side effects and those of an unwanted pregnancy. The results show the value of using a biosocial approach, which centres women’s voices and experiences, for informing the measurement of contraceptive side effects within population health surveys and clinical trials. Additionally, the findings help gain an understanding of how an individual’s social, biological, and cultural contexts drive variation in when and why different side effects manifest.
Stellarator equilibrium axis-expansion to all orders in distance from the axis for arbitrary plasma beta
Authors: Sengupta Wrick , Rodriguez Eduardo , Jorge Rogerio , Landreman Matt , Bhattacharjee Amitava
Published: September 2024

A systematic theory of the asymptotic expansion of the magnetohydrostatics (MHS) equilibrium in the distance from the magnetic axis is developed to include arbitrary smooth currents near the magnetic axis. Compared with the vacuum and the force-free system, an additional magnetic differential equation must be solved to obtain the pressure-driven currents. It is shown that there exist variables in which the rest of the MHS system closely mimics the vacuum system. Thus, a unified treatment of MHS fields is possible. The mathematical structure of the near-axis expansions to arbitrary order is examined carefully to show that the double-periodicity of physical quantities in a toroidal domain can be satisfied order by order. The essential role played by the leading-order Birkhoff–Gustavson normal form in solving the magnetic differential equations is highlighted. Several explicit examples of vacuum, force-free and MHS equilibrium in different geometries are presented.
Integrating molecular and morphological evidence revives the blubber jellyfish, Catostylus purpurus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae; Catostylidae) of the Indo-Pacific (Philippines)
Authors: Boco Sheldon Rey , Capidos Christine Gloria Grace , Morandini André C. , Harrison G. William M. , Bakker Piet A. J. , Talacay Dennis , Collins Allen G. , Comendador Joseph , Hacking Sue Muller , van Dorp Karen , Ramos Dino Angelo , Geraldino Paul John
Published: September 2024

Jellyfishes have ecological and societal value, but our understanding of taxonomic identity of many jellyfish species remains limited. Here, an approach integrating morphological and molecular (16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase I) data enables taxonomic assessment of the blubber jellyfish found in the Philippines. In this study, we aimed to resolve doubt on the taxonomy of Acromitoides purpurus, a valid binomen at the time of our research. Our morphological findings confirm that this jellyfish belongs to the genus Catostylus, and is distinct from known species of the genus inhabiting the Western Pacific, such as Catostylus ouwensi, Catostylus townsendi, and Catostylus mosaicus. Detailed morphological and molecular analyses of the type specimens from the Philippines with the other Catostylus species revive the binomen Catostylus purpurus and invalidate A. purpurus. Genetic analysis also distinguishes this Philippine jellyfish from C. townsendi and C. mosaicus. Through this study, we arranged several Catostylidae taxa into species inquirendae (Catostylus tripterus, Catostylus turgescens, and Acromitoides stiphropterus) and one genus inquirenda (Acromitoides) and provided an identification key for species of Catostylus. This comprehensive study confirms the blubber jellyfish as C. purpurus, enriching our understanding of jellyfish biodiversity. The integration of morphological and genetic analyses proves vital in resolving taxonomic ambiguities within the Catostylidae family and in the accurate identification of scyphozoan jellyfishes.
First record of the exotic Eualetes tulipa from Bahia State, Brazil, co-occurring with Tubastraea corals (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae)
Authors: Alves Jessika , Serra Saulo , Johnsson Rodrigo , Neves Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Extending over warmer environments in the Brazilian waters, the exotic vermetid Eualetes tulipa was first recorded from Ceará State (3°S) in 2005. In 2009, it was reported in cold-water environments in Rio de Janeiro State (22°S). Seven years later, E. tulipa was recorded from Rio Grande do Norte State (6°S) on rocky pools in sandstone reefs. In the present study, E. tulipa is for the first time recorded from Bahia State (12°S), associated with a biofouling community in the Todos-os-Santos Bay, co-occurring with exotic dendrophylliid corals (Tubastraea). The vermetid community recorded from Bahia State shows a great diversity of epibionts, mostly bivalves, cirripeds and sponges. The co-occurrence of Eualetes and Tubastraea corals must be monitored, once these exotic species are co-occurring in a protected environmental area, bringing concern on possible impacts on native benthic fauna.
THE LILIES OF THE PRINCE: THE ORIENTATION AND GESTURE OF THE ‘MALE TORSO WITH THE LILY COLLAR’ FROM KNOSSOS
Authors: Günkel-Maschek Ute
Published: September 2024

With the reconstruction of the Prince of the Lilies (also known as Prince with the Lily Crown or Priest-King) from a group of fragments of painted stucco relief found in the palace at Knossos, Arthur Evans and the Gilliérons created not only one of the most famous icons of Crete's early Late Minoan past, but also its most controversial. Addressing a debate that has taken place over the last 45 years, this paper considers the question of the orientation and gesture of the figure, which some scholars would like to see as a right-facing boxer or deity with his left arm extended forward and his right arm bent at the side, rather than the well-known man striding to the left with his right fist on his chest. Focusing on the key relief fragment described by Evans as ‘male torso with the lily collar’, a comparison of the orientation of the eponymous piece of jewellery with contemporary depictions of necklaces conclusively confirms the leftward orientation of the figure to which the torso once belonged. The iconographic analysis of the gesture of the right fist on the chest and of the contextual associations of the waz-lily allow the ‘Man with the waz-Lily Necklace’ to regain his central place in Minoan religious imagery as well as in the monumental relief decoration of the Late Minoan I palace at Knossos.
Meanings of disrupted everyday (im)mobilities in later life: running daily errands before and during the pandemic
Authors: Luoma-Halkola Henna
Published: September 2024

This study contributes to an emerging body of research that combines new mobilities and gerontological perspectives. Most previous studies on older adults’ mobilities have analysed data collected at a single point in time and there is a need for studies that explore the meanings of movement and non-movement over time, especially in relation to unexpected life events. This work explores the meanings of older adults’ abruptly changing everyday (im)mobilities before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It draws from qualitative interviews conducted with 11 older adults in a Finnish suburb in autumn 2019 and spring 2020, and focuses on grocery shopping, which most of the participants did themselves before the pandemic, but not during it. The findings provide insight into how meanings of everyday (im)mobilities are formed as older individuals (re)negotiate their relationships with their changing places of ageing. The participants’ views of their disrupted everyday mobilities were shaped by active person–place engagements. On one hand, the findings highlight that individuals are not at the mercy of their circumstances; they possess agency that can enable maintaining a sense of self and independence even in restricted mobility situations. On the other hand, the findings reveal relationalities that explain why sudden mobility loss often leads to diminished wellbeing. The relational nature of the meanings of (im)mobility implies that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to supporting older adults who face mobility difficulties while ageing in their homes. It is crucial to recognise the diversity of older adults and to support their individual lifestyles.
Optimizing soft robot design and tracking with and without evolutionary computation: an intensive survey
Authors: Stroppa Fabio , Majeed Fatimah Jabbar , Batiya Jana , Baran Eray , Sarac Mine
Published: September 2024

Soft robotic devices are designed for applications such as exploration, manipulation, search and rescue, medical surgery, rehabilitation, and assistance. Due to their complex kinematics, various and often hard-to-define degrees of freedom, and nonlinear properties of their material, designing and operating these devices can be quite challenging. Using tools such as optimization methods can improve the efficiency of these devices and help roboticists manufacture the robots they need. In this work, we present an extensive and systematic literature search on the optimization methods used for the mechanical design of soft robots, particularly focusing on literature exploiting evolutionary computation (EC). We completed the search in the IEEE, ACM, Springer, SAGE, Elsevier, MDPI, Scholar, and Scopus databases between 2009 and 2024 using the keywords “soft robot,” “design,” and “optimization.” We categorized our findings in terms of the type of soft robot (i.e., bio-inspired, cable-driven, continuum, fluid-driven, gripper, manipulator, modular), its application (exploration, manipulation, surgery), the optimization metrics (topology, force, locomotion, kinematics, sensors, and energy), and the optimization method (categorized as EC or non-EC methods). After providing a road map of our findings in the state of the art, we offer our observations concerning the implementation of the optimization methods and their advantages. We then conclude our paper with suggestions for future research.
Linked orbits of homeomorphisms of the plane and Gambaudo–Kolev Theorem
Authors: BOROŃSKI J. P.
Published: September 2024

Let
$h : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^2$
be an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the plane. For any bounded orbit
$\mathcal{O}(x)=\{h^n(x):n\in\mathbb{Z}\}$
there exists a fixed point
$p\in\mathbb{R}^2$
of h linked to
$\mathcal{O}(x)$
in the sense of Gambaudo: one cannot find a Jordan curve
$C\subseteq\mathbb{R}^2$
around
$\mathcal{O}(x)$
, separating it from p, that is isotopic to h(C) in
$\mathbb{R}^2\setminus\left(\mathcal{O}(x)\cup\{p\}\right)$
.