bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Reactivity during Anticipation and Perception of Affective Pictures
Authors: Pastor M. Carmen , Poy Rosario , Segarra Pilar , Moltó Javier
Published: January 2015

The focus of the present study was on further exploring anticipatory responses to emotional stimuli by measuring the eyeblink startle reflex in a variation of the picture-picture affective learning procedure. Participants (113 undergraduate women) were not explicitly instructed before the experiment began. Instead, they had to learn the specific relations between cues (geometrical shapes) and emotional pictures based on pairings during the first part of the task. Plausible contingency learning effects were tested afterwards, in a parallel sequence of trials including auditory probes during cues and pictures processing during the second part of the task. Results did show the typical affective startle modulation pattern during perception, linearF(1, 200) = 52.67,p< .0001, but unexpected inhibition for both pleasant and unpleasant, compared to neutral cues, during anticipation, quadraticF(1, 200) = 7.07,p< .009. All patterns of startle modulation were independent of cue-picture contingency awareness (all interactionsFs < 1). Skin conductance changes showed the predictable quadratic trend either during picture perception or anticipatory periods (greater activity for emotional vs. neutral; overall quadraticF(1, 224) = 7.04,p< .01), only for participants fully aware of the cue-picture contingency, quadraticF(1, 158) = 5.86,p< .02. Overall, our results during anticipation (cues processing) seem to suggest that more resources were allocated to highly arousing pictures that engage attention. Differences between the present results and prior research may be attributed to procedural variations in the sample, cues, or instructions. Future studies should also explore in more detail the role of the contingency awareness during anticipation.
Seltene Diagnose als Ursache von Abdominalschmerzen nach Cholezystektomie
Authors: Huser Pascal , Krauss Linda , Wagnetz Ute , Pfofe Denis , Magdeburg Bernhard , Frey Daniel M. , Kenngott Silke
Published: January 2015

Wir berichten über eine 77-jährige Patientin, die sich mit Oberbauchschmerzen rechts vorstellte. Computertomographisch wurde der Verdacht einer seltenen Dünndarmdivertikulitis im Jejunum gestellt, die laparoskopisch und histopathologisch im Exzidat bestätigt wurde. Postoperativ war die Patientin anhaltend beschwerdefrei.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Achieves Neuroprotection via a Decrease in Acetylcholine with a Concurrent Increase in Carnitine in the Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Takenouchi Toshiki , Sugiura Yuki , Morikawa Takayuki , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi , Nagahata Yoshiko , Sugioka Tadao , Honda Kurara , Kubo Akiko , Hishiki Takako , Matsuura Tomomi , Hoshino Takao , Takahashi Takao , Suematsu Makoto , Kajimura Mayumi
Published: January 2015

Although therapeutic hypothermia is known to improve neurologic outcomes after perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia, etiology remains unknown. To decipher the mechanisms whereby hypothermia regulates metabolic dynamics in different brain regions, we used a two-step approach: a metabolomics to target metabolic pathways responding to cooling, and a quantitative imaging mass spectrometry to reveal spatial alterations in targeted metabolites in the brain. Seven-day postnatal rats underwent the permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by exposure to 8% O2 for 2.5 hours. The pups were returned to normoxic conditions at either 38°C or 30°C for 3 hours. The brain metabolic states were rapidly fixed using in situ freezing. The profiling of 107 metabolites showed that hypothermia diminishes the carbon biomass related to acetyl moieties, such as pyruvate and acetyl-CoA; conversely, it increases deacetylated metabolites, such as carnitine and choline. Quantitative imaging mass spectrometry demarcated that hypothermia diminishes the acetylcholine contents specifically in hippocampus and amygdala. Such decreases were associated with an inverse increase in carnitine in the same anatomic regions. These findings imply that hypothermia achieves its neuroprotective effects by mediating the cellular acetylation status through a coordinated suppression of acetyl-CoA, which resides in metabolic junctions of glycolysis, amino-acid catabolism, and ketolysis.
Size dependence of phase transitions in aerosol nanoparticles
Authors: Cheng Yafang , Su Hang , Koop Thomas , Mikhailov Eugene , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: January 2015

Phase transitions of nanoparticles are of fundamental importance in atmospheric sciences, but current understanding is insufficient to explain observations at the nano-scale. In particular, discrepancies exist between observations and model predictions of deliquescence and efflorescence transitions and the hygroscopic growth of salt nanoparticles. Here we show that these discrepancies can be resolved by consideration of particle size effects with consistent thermodynamic data. We present a new method for the determination of water and solute activities and interfacial energies in highly supersaturated aqueous solution droplets (Differential Köhler Analysis). Our analysis reveals that particle size can strongly alter the characteristic concentration of phase separation in mixed systems, resembling the influence of temperature. Owing to similar effects, atmospheric secondary organic aerosol particles at room temperature are expected to be always liquid at diameters below ~20 nm. We thus propose and demonstrate that particle size should be included as an additional dimension in the equilibrium phase diagram of aerosol nanoparticles.
Suppressing spontaneous polarization of p-GaN by graphene oxide passivation: Augmented light output of GaN UV-LED
Authors: Jeong Hyun , Jeong Seung Yol , Park Doo Jae , Jeong Hyeon Jun , Jeong Sooyeon , Han Joong Tark , Jeong Hee Jin , Yang Sunhye , Kim Ho Young , Baeg Kang-Jun , Park Sae June , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Suh Eun-Kyung , Lee Geon-Woong , Lee Young Hee , Jeong Mun Seok
Published: January 2015

GaN-based ultraviolet (UV) LEDs are widely used in numerous applications, including white light pump sources and high-density optical data storage. However, one notorious issue is low hole injection rate in p-type transport layer due to poorly activated holes and spontaneous polarization, giving rise to insufficient light emission efficiency. Therefore, improving hole injection rate is a key step towards high performance UV-LEDs. Here, we report a new method of suppressing spontaneous polarization in p-type region to augment light output of UV-LEDs. This was achieved by simply passivating graphene oxide (GO) on top of the fully fabricated LED. The dipole layer formed by the passivated GO enhanced hole injection rate by suppressing spontaneous polarization in p-type region. The homogeneity of electroluminescence intensity in active layers was improved due to band filling effect. As a consequence, the light output was enhanced by 60% in linear current region. Our simple approach of suppressing spontaneous polarization of p-GaN using GO passivation disrupts the current state of the art technology and will be useful for high-efficiency UV-LED technology.
Clostridium difficile the hospital plague
Authors: Czepiel J. , Kozicki M. , Panasiuk P. , Birczyńska M. , Garlicki A. , Wesełucha-Birczyńska A.
Published: January 2015

Clostridium difficileinfection (CDI) has become one of the major public health threats in the last two decades.
Integrated hybrid polystyrene–polydimethylsiloxane device for monitoring cellular release with microchip electrophoresis and electrochemical detection
Authors: Johnson Alicia S. , Mehl Benjamin T. , Martin R. Scott
Published: January 2015

In this work, a polystyrene (PS)–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid device was developed to enable the integration of cell culture with analysis by microchip electrophoresis and electrochemical detection.
Promoting effect of Nd on the reduction of NO with NH3 over CeO2 supported by activated semi-coke: an in situ DRIFTS study
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Jinping , Yan Zheng , Liu Lili , Zhang Zuotai , Wang Xidong
Published: January 2015

The morphology and NH3-SCR performance of CeO2-Nd/ASC catalysts.
Terbium-based time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer imaging for evaluating protein–protein interactions on cell membranes
Authors: Lindén Stina , Singh Manish Kumar , Wegner K. David , Regairaz Marie , Dautry François , Treussart François , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: January 2015

Time-gated Tb-to-dye FRET imaging for the investigation of E- and N-cadherin expression on different model cell lines.
Non-oxido divanadium(iv) and divanadium(v) thiolate complexes with a new type of chalcogenide bridging motif
Authors: Wu Hong-Ming , Chang Ya-Ho , Tsai Yi-Fang , Hsu Kuei-Fang , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Hsu Hua-Fen
Published: January 2015

Non-oxido divanadium(iv) and divanadium(v) complexes with chalcogenide and dichalcogenide as bridges are synthesized and characterized.
Targeted photoresponsive TiO2–coumarin nanoconjugate for efficient combination therapy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: synergic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anticancer drug chlorambucil
Authors: Gangopadhyay Moumita , Mukhopadhyay Sourav K. , Karthik S. , Barman Shrabani , Pradeep Singh N. D.
Published: January 2015

We have developed for the first time an excellent targeted metallic single component nanoparticle system for combination of PDT and chemotherapy.
Novel insights into nickel import in Staphylococcus aureus: the positive role of free histidine and structural characterization of a new thiazolidine-type nickel chelator
Authors: Lebrette H. , Borezée-Durant E. , Martin L. , Richaud P. , Boeri Erba E. , Cavazza C.
Published: January 2015

Staphylococcus aureuspossesses two canonical ABC-importers dedicated to nickel acquisition: the NikABCDE and the CntABCDF systems, active under different growth conditions.
Copper homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Shi Xiaoshan , Darwin K. Heran
Published: January 2015

Copper resistance mechanisms inMtbduring infection and sources of host-provided copper are discussed.
Mesoporous silica polymer nanocomposites encapsulated with polyphosphoric acid for the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds under environmental benign conditions
Authors: Sachdev Divya , Dubey Amit , Wilson G. Robin , Sharma Ankita
Published: January 2015

Hydrophobic polymer functionalized SBA-15 was impregnated with polyphosphoric acid. Polymer composites SAR displays a crucial role in the selective synthesis of Mannich base.
Synthesis and properties of benzo[c]-, pyrrolo[3,4-c]-, and thieno[3,4-c]-pyrrole-4,6-dione copolymers
Authors: Lu Yong , Lei Yanlian , Wu Bo , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhu Furong , Hu Xiao , Ong Beng S. , Ng Siu Choon
Published: January 2015

New π-conjugated alternating donor–acceptor polymers, based on functionalized imide acceptor structures with the 2,5-dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DTT) donor structure, were successfully synthesized and their properties were studied.
Bioreducible polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids
Authors: Bansal Ruby , Tayal Shweta , Gupta K. C. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: January 2015

Electrostatically crosslinked bioreducible nanoparticles of polyethylenimine (DP NPs) have been prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and capability to transport nucleic acids inside the cells.
Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers via transfer-to and grafting-through approaches using a RAFT chain transfer agent with a ROMP-active Z-group
Authors: Radzinski Scott C. , Foster Jeffrey C. , Matson John B.
Published: January 2015

A novel dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization with a directly polymerizable Z-group was synthesized and used to make bottlebrush polymers via multiple strategies.
Gold(i)-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2]-cycloadditions of γ-1-ethoxyethoxy-propiolates and aldehydes
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Yidong , Ye Weiming , Zhang Junliang
Published: January 2015

A gold-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of γ-1-ethoxyethoxy-propiolate and aldehydes by using the chiral ligand 5a or 5b is developed, which provides facile access to highly substituted 2,5-dihydrofurans in up to 84% yield with up to 97% ee.
Magnetic Fe3O4 carbon aerogel and ionic liquid composite films as an electrochemical interface for accelerated electrochemistry of glucose oxidase and myoglobin
Authors: Li Miao , Dong Sheying , Li Nan , Tang Hongsheng , Zheng Jianbin
Published: January 2015

Synthesized magnetic ferroferric oxide carbon aerogel (Fe3O4-CA) was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements.
Domino reaction of N-(cyanomethyl)-1,3-azolium quaternary salts with o-hydroxybenzaldehydes: scope and limitations
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Festa A. A. , Storozhenko O. A. , Le T. A. , Nguyen V. T. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: January 2015

A route towards chromenes, annulated with an imidazo[5,1-c][1,4]thiazine core through a base-promoted domino reaction of thiazolium quaternary salts, has been developed.
Na3B4O7X (X = Cl, Br): two new borate halides with a 1D Na-X (X = Cl, Br) chain formed by the face-sharing XNa6octahedra
Authors: Bai Chunyan , Han Shujuan , Pan Shilie , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Yun , Li Lin , Yang Zhihua
Published: January 2015

Two new borate halides consist of a B4O9framework and a [Na3Br] chain which have not been found in other alkali metal borate halides.
Structural studies of the lamellar to bicontinuous gyroid cubic (QGII) phase transitions under limited hydration conditions
Authors: Tang T.-Y. Dora , Brooks Nicholas J. , Ces Oscar , Seddon John M. , Templer Richard H.
Published: January 2015

We present evidence for a non-diffracting structural intermediate during the lamellar to inverse bicontinuous cubic phase transition and show that elastic energy drives the cubic phase to equilibrium.
Three-dimensional astrocyte-network Ni–P–O compound with superior electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation in alkaline environments
Authors: Tong Y. Y. , Gu C. D. , Zhang J. L. , Huang M. L. , Tang H. , Wang X. L. , Tu J. P.
Published: January 2015

A self-assembly three-dimensional astrocyte-network Ni–P–O compound catalyzes methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline environments with superior electrocatalytic activity and stability.
Controlled functionalization of carbon nanotubes as superhydrophobic material for adjustable oil/water separation
Authors: Gu Jincui , Xiao Peng , Huang Youju , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Tao
Published: January 2015

Superhydrophobic PFDTS/CNT hybrid membranes can efficiently and adjustably separate surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions with high flux.
Non-uniform distribution of dopant iron ions in TiO2 nanocrystals probed by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, photoluminescence and photocatalysis
Authors: Manu S. , Khadar M. Abdul
Published: January 2015

The phenomenon of ‘self-purification’ is a real mechanism operative in nanocrystals and this should be taken into account while doping semiconductor nanocrystals with external impurities for practical applications.
An efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide nanocrystals via thermal decomposition of single-source precursors
Authors: Pan Yuan , Liu Yunqi , Liu Chenguang
Published: January 2015

We report an efficient method for the synthesis of nickel phosphide NCs for the first time. The size of Ni2P NCs can be controlled by changing reaction temperature and OAm quantity. The phase of nickel phosphide NCs can be controlled by increasing reaction time.
Orbitozygomatic Fracture Repairs: Are Antibiotics Necessary?
Authors: Huang Weber , Lynham Anthony , Wullschleger Martin
Published: January 2015

Orbitozygomatic fractures are one of the most common maxillofacial injuries encountered. This study aims to investigate and review the management and complications of orbitozygomatic fractures at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH). Specifically the postoperative infection rate will be closely examined to determine whether adjunctive antibiotics are necessary in its surgical management. A retrospective case selection study of all patients with orbitozygomatic fractures treated at the RBWH in 2011 was performed. The cases were collected from the maxillofacial database. Chart review of the admission with consecutive follow-up of up to 6 weeks including clinical and radiological assessment and consecutive data analysis was performed. A total of 160 patients with orbitozygomatic fractures were managed at the RBWH with three complications. Eighty-five (53.1%) cases were treated surgically and 155 (97.5%) cases had follow-up until 6 weeks postoperatively. Twenty-six surgical cases (16.3%) were treated via elevation without fixation. A further 26 surgical cases (16.3%) were treated with one fixation point, 19 cases (11.9%) with two fixation points, 12 cases (7.5%) with three fixation points, and 2 cases (1.3%) treated with four fixation points. The three complications (1.9%) returned for surgical correction without further consequence; two were due to inadequate cosmesis and one was due to exposure of the fixation plate. No early postoperative infections were seen. This study presents an excellent outcome with minimal early complications of orbitozygomatic fractures treated at the RBWH, a trauma center with high caseload. All operatively treated cases received perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis as per the unit's protocol. With a nil infection rate at the RBWH, future studies should focus on whether the use of prophylactic antibiotics is appropriate.
Surface-interface exploration of Mg deposited on Si(100) and oxidation effect on interfacial layer
Authors: Sarpi B. , Daineche R. , Girardeaux C. , Bertoglio M. , Derivaux F. , Biberian J. P. , Hemeryck A. , Vizzini S.
Published: January 2015

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction, we have studied the growth of Mg deposited on Si(100)-(2 × 1). Coverage from 0.05 monolayer (ML) to 3 ML was investigated at room temperature. The growth mode of the magnesium is a two steps process. At very low coverage, there is formation of an amorphous ultrathin silicide layer with a band gap of 0.74 eV, followed by a layer-by-layer growth of Mg on top of this silicide layer. Topographic images reveal that each metallic Mg layer is formed by 2D islands coalescence process on top of the silicide interfacial layer. During oxidation of the Mg monolayer, the interfacial silicide layer acts as diffusion barrier for the oxygen atoms with a decomposition of the silicide film to a magnesium oxide as function of O2 exposure.
Thévenin equivalence in disorderless quantum networks
Authors: Cain C. A. , Wu C. H.
Published: January 2015

We outline the procedure of extending the Thévenin equivalence principle for classical electric circuits to reducing Aharonov-Bohm-based quantum networks into equivalent models. With examples, we show from first principles how the requirements are related to the electron band structure's Fermi level and the lattice spacing of the network. Quantum networks of varying degrees of coupling strength from four basic classifications of single and double entangled loops sharing symmetry and highly correlated band structures are used to demonstrate the concept. We show the limitations of how the principle may be applied. Several classes of examples are given and their equivalent forms are shown.
Effects of molecular adsorption on carrier transport properties of large-size graphene
Authors: Huang Shiu-Ming , Kumar Pushpendra
Published: January 2015

The temperature dependent resistance and thermoelectric power of macroscopic graphenes are studied in various gas environments. The temperature dependent slope of resistance is weaker in gas environments with heavier molecules. Following the temperature dependent slopes of normalized resistance, one can identify the molecular mass of the environmental gas. This is relative to the atomically sharp potential modification due to adsorbed gas molecules on the graphene. The temperature dependent thermopower increases as the mass of the gas molecules increases. A universal relationship between resistance and thermoelectric power in various gas environments further confirms that the transport mechanism is dominated by the adsorbed gas molecules on the graphene surface.
Overcoming the distance barrier in relation to treatment for haematology patients: Queensland findings
Authors: McGrath Pam
Published: January 2015

Objective The aim of the present study was to document the financial and psychosocial impact of relocation for specialist haematology treatment in Queensland. Methods This study was a qualitative exploratory study comprising 45 in-depth interviews with haematology patients supported by the Leukaemia Foundation of Queensland. Results The findings indicate that decentralisation of treatment is assisting haematology patients to overcome the profound difficulties associated with travelling to the metropolitan area for treatment. Conclusion Fostering specialist outreach and building capacity in regional cancer centres are service delivery strategies that are greatly appreciated by regional, rural and remote haematology patients who are stressed by the many challenges associated with leaving home to travel distances for specialist treatment. It is the hope and expectation that these findings will make a contribution to informing future health policy and service delivery planning. What is known about the topic? Internationally, there is evidence of the benefits of visiting specialists and the development of local specialist services for cancer patients in regional and rural areas, but there is limited research on the topic in Australia. What does this paper add? The findings herein make a contribution to this area of research through an up-to-date, in-depth consumer perspective on non-metropolitan oncology hospital services for haematology patients in Queensland. The evidence indicates that the opportunity to avoid travel to the metropolitan treating hospitals for regional, rural and remote haematology patients is increasingly an option in Queensland and greatly appreciated by many of those who have this option. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings applaud the work of the health professionals providing the opportunity for regional specialist care for haematology patients. With regard to service delivery and health policy decision making, it is important to note that for patients positive about access to local treatment, psychosocial concerns (e.g. remaining at home, connection with family, avoidance of financial hardship) predominate in their reasoning about benefit. Thus, it is important that regional, rural and remote patients are offered greater choice in treatment options and have more involvement in decision making about specialist care.
An Asymmetric Variant of the Bischler–Möhlau Indole Synthesis
Authors: Thennakoon Nishani , Kaur Gurpreet , Wang Jingjing , Plieger Paul G. , Rowlands Gareth J.
Published: January 2015

Enantiomerically enriched planar chiral indoles were prepared by an asymmetric variant of the Bischler–Möhlau synthesis. Cinchonine was used as a ‘traceless’ resolving reagent, allowing the formation of readily separable quaternary ammonium salts that were the key intermediates in the indole synthesis. The condensation of the ammonium salt and various substituted anilines was achieved under microwave irradiation; this reduced reaction times and minimised racemisation. The utility of the indoles was demonstrated by their transformation into monophosphane ligands that were capable of coupling challenging substrates in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
Postpartum consultations in Australian general practice
Authors: Brodribb Wendy E. , Mitchell Benjamin L. , Van Driel Mieke L.
Published: January 2015

Many GPs undertake postpartum care for women and their infants. GP follow-up enables early identification and management of problems, education and support for parenting, and reconnection with general practice following the birth. However, there is little information about GPs’ understanding of their role in postpartum care and how it is undertaken. This cross-sectional survey of GPs in Southern Queensland, conducted between February and July 2013, describes the involvement of GPs in postpartum care. GPs were posted a 52-item questionnaire adapted from a previous Victorian GP study and were telephoned 2 weeks later. GPs completed the survey on paper or online. The response rate was 17.4% (163 GPs). Approximately 39% were uncertain whether women were happy with the GP-provided postpartum care. GPs’ recommendations for the timing of postpartum reviews were inconsistent within and across birthing sectors and consultations took longer than anticipated. Developing guidelines around the timing and appropriate length of postpartum consultations could assist GPs in providing appropriate care for mothers and infants.
Prevalence of beak and feather disease virus in wild Platycercus elegans: comparison of three tissue types using a probe-based real-time qPCR test
Authors: Eastwood Justin R. , Berg Mathew L. , Spolding Briana , Buchanan Katherine L. , Bennett Andrew T. D. , Walder Ken
Published: January 2015

The detection of avian viruses in wild populations has considerable conservation implications. For DNA-based studies, feathers may be a convenient sample type for virus screening and are, therefore, an increasingly common technique. This is despite recent concerns about DNA quality, ethics, and a paucity of data comparing the reliability and sensitivity of feather sampling to other common sample types such as blood. Alternatively, skeletal muscle tissue may offer a convenient sample to collect from dead birds, which may reveal viraemia. Here, we describe a probe-based quantitative real-time PCR for the relative quantification of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), a pathogen of serious conservation concern for parrots globally. We used this method to test for BFDV in wild crimson rosellas (Platycercus elegans), and compared three different sample types. We detected BFDV in samples from 29 out of 84 individuals (34.5%). However, feather samples provided discordant results concerning virus presence when compared with muscle tissue and blood, and estimates of viral load varied somewhat between different sample types. This study provides evidence for widespread infection of BFDV in wild crimson rosellas, but highlights the importance of sample type when generating and interpreting qualitative and quantitative avian virus data.
Advances in the physics understanding of ELM suppression using resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D
Authors: Wade M.R. , Nazikian R. , deGrassie J.S. , Evans T.E. , Ferraro N.M. , Moyer R.A. , Orlov D.M. , Buttery R.J. , Fenstermacher M.E. , Garofalo A.M. , Lanctot M.A. , McKee G.R. , Osborne T.H. , Shafer M.A. , Solomon W.M. , Snyder P.B. , Suttrop W. , Wingen A. , Unterberg E.A. , Zeng L.
Published: January 2015

Recent experiments on DIII-D have increased confidence in the ability to suppress edge-localized modes (ELMs) using edge-resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in ITER, including an improved physics basis for the edge response to RMPs as well as expansion of RMP ELM suppression to more ITER-like conditions. Complete ELM suppression has been achieved utilizing n = 3 RMPs in the ITER baseline scenario. In addition, RMP ELM suppression has been expanded to include plasmas with helium concentrations near 25% and the use of n = 2 RMPs. Analysis of the kinetic profile response suggests that ELM suppression is correlated with the co-alignment of the ω
⊥e = 0 location, an n = 3 rational surface, and the top of the pedestal. Modelling predicts that such a co-alignment could potentially lead to island (or island chain) formation just inside the top of the pedestal, inhibiting the growth of the pedestal and thereby maintaining the ELM-free state. Detailed analysis of data obtained during toroidal phase variations of the applied n = 3 RMPs have provided further evidence of an island-like structure at the top of the pedestal. In addition, nearly matched discharges with co-neutral-beam-injection (co-NBI) and counter-NBI have demonstrated the importance of the presence of the ω
⊥e = 0 location for ELM suppression. In the counter-NBI cases, the toroidal rotation profile is such that there is no ω
⊥e = 0 location and ELMs are not suppressed in conditions in which ELM suppression is generally observed with co-NBI.
Rugosity and hardness determination in obsidianus lapis for the design of an Yb3+-doped fiber laser
Authors: Alvarez-Chavez J A , Aguilar-Morales A I , Perez-Sanchez G G , Morales-Ramirez A J
Published: January 2015

Obsidianus lapis is a volcanic rock that has been worked into tools for cutting or weaponry by Teotihuacan people for hundreds of years. Currently, it is used in jewelry or for house decorative items such as elaborated sculptures. From the physico-chemical properties point of view, obsidianus lapis is considered a glass as its composition is 80% silicon dioxide. In México, there are different kinds of obsidianus lapis which are classified according to its colour: rainbow, black, brown, red, silver, golden and snowflake. The traditional grinding process for working with obsidianus lapis includes fixed grinders and sandpaper for the polishing process, where the craftsman grinds the rock manually for obtaining a variety of shapes. Laser processing of natural stones is a relatively new area. We propose the use of an Yb3+-doped fibre laser for cutting and ablating obsidianus lapis into spherical, rectangular and oval shapes. By means of a theoretical analysis of roughness and hardness, which affect the different surfaces and final shapes, and by considering the changes in material temperature during laser interaction, this work will focus on parameter determination such as: laser fluence, incidence angle, laser average power and peak pulse energy, from the proposed Q-switched fibre laser design. Full optical, hardness and rugosity, initial and final characterization will be included in the presentation.
Prediction of compression strength of high performance concrete using artificial neural networks
Authors: Torre A , Garcia F , Moromi I , Espinoza P , Acuña L
Published: January 2015

High-strength concrete is undoubtedly one of the most innovative materials in construction. Its manufacture is simple and is carried out starting from essential components (water, cement, fine and aggregates) and a number of additives. Their proportions have a high influence on the final strength of the product. This relations do not seem to follow a mathematical formula and yet their knowledge is crucial to optimize the quantities of raw materials used in the manufacture of concrete. Of all mechanical properties, concrete compressive strength at 28 days is most often used for quality control. Therefore, it would be important to have a tool to numerically model such relationships, even before processing. In this aspect, artificial neural networks have proven to be a powerful modeling tool especially when obtaining a result with higher reliability than knowledge of the relationships between the variables involved in the process. This research has designed an artificial neural network to model the compressive strength of concrete based on their manufacturing parameters, obtaining correlations of the order of 0.94.
Structural instability of atmospheric flows under perturbations of the mass balance and effect in transport calculations
Authors: Núñez M A , Mendoza R
Published: January 2015

Several methods to estimate the velocity field of atmospheric flows, have been proposed to the date for applications such as emergency response systems, transport calculations and for budget studies of all kinds. These applications require a wind field that satisfies the conservation of mass but, in general, estimated wind fields do not satisfy exactly the continuity equation. An approach to reduce the effect of using a divergent wind field as input in the transport-diffusion equations, was proposed in the literature. In this work, a linear local analysis of a wind field, is used to show analytically that the perturbation of a large-scale nondivergent flow can yield a divergent flow with a substantially different structure. The effects of these structural changes in transport calculations are illustrated by means of analytic solutions of the transport equation.
Study of new chaotic flows on a family of 3-dimensional systems with quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: Moreno S Carrillo , Casas-García K , Flores-Godoy J J , Valencia F Vázquez , Fernández-Anaya G
Published: January 2015

Based on a wider systematic search on a family of 3-dimensional systems with quadratic nonlinearities, three new simple chaotic systems were found. One of them has the unusual feature of having a stable equilibrium point, and it is the simplest one of other chaotic flows with this property. The others have some interesting special properties.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of convective drying of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: López R , Vaca M , Terres H , Lizardi A , Morales J , Flores J , Chávez S
Published: January 2015

The objective of this article is to describe the modelling and simulation of the dehydration of chickpea in a complex drying system process, using COMSOL Multiphysics Program. A model, based on mass and energy balances, was developed for the simulation of unsteady convective drying with air (3.0 m/s and 60 °C). The program predicted an 8 hours-dehydration time, with an effective moisture diffusivity of 3.1 *10− 10which was experimentally obtained. The empirical model that best represented the process was the exponential one.
First-order irreversible thermodynamic approach to a nonsteady RLC circuit as an energy converter
Authors: Valencia G , Arias L A
Published: January 2015

In this work we show a RLC-circuit as energy converter within the context of first-order irreversible thermodynamics (FOIT). For our analysis, we propose an isothermic model with transient elements and passive elements. With the help of the dynamic equations, the Kirchhoff equations, we found the generalized fluxes and forces of the circuit, the equation system shows symmetry of the cross terms, this property is characteristic of the steady state linear systems, but in this case phenomenological coefficients are function of time. Then, we can use these relations, similar to the linear Onsager relations, to construct the characteristic functions of the RLC energy converter: the power output, efficiency, dissipation and ecological function, and study its energetic performance. The study of performance of the converter is based on two parameters, the coupling parameter and the "forces ratio" parameter, in this case as functions of time. We find that the behavior of the non-steady state converter is similar to the behavior of steady state energy converter. We will explain the linear and symmetric behavior of the converter in the frequencies space rather than in the time space. Finally, we establish optimal operation regimes of economic degree of coupling for this energy converter.
Alternate model of Chladni figures for the circular homogenous thin plate case with open boundaries
Authors: Trejo-Mandujano H A , Mijares-Bernal G , Ordoñez-Casanova E G
Published: January 2015

The wave equation is a direct but a complex approach to solve analytically for the Chladni figures, mainly because of the complications that non-smooth and open boundary conditions impose. In this paper, we present an alternate solution model based on the principle of Huygens-Fresnel and on the ideas of Bohr for the hydrogen atom. The proposed model has been implemented numerically and compared, with good agreement, to our own experimental results for the case of a thin homogenous circular plate with open boundaries.
Heat Transfer Convection in The Cooking of Apple Using a Solar Cooker Box-Type
Authors: Terres H , Chávez S , Lizardi A , López R , Vaca M , Flores J , Salazar A
Published: January 2015

In this work, experimental results to determine the convection heat transfer coefficient in the cooking process of apple using a solar cooker box-type are presented. Experimental data of temperatures for water, surface and central point of the apple were used. To determine the convection coefficient, the apple was modelled as a sphere. The temperatures evolution was defined using thermocouples located at water, surface and central point in the vegetables. Using heat transfer convection equations in transitory state and the temperatures measured, the Biot number and the convection coefficient were determined.
First and Second Law Efficiencies in the Cooking Process of Eggplant using a Solar Cooker Box-Type
Authors: Terres H , Chávez S , Lizardi A , López R , Vaca M , Flores J , Salazar A
Published: January 2015

In this work an experimental procedure and the determination of first and second law efficiencies for the cooking process of eggplant using a solar cooker box-type are shown. The eggplant was modelled as cylinder. In the experimental process a NI Compact Field Point was used as acquisition data system which allows measure temperatures in simultaneous form. The temperatures evolution was defined using thermocouples located at water, surface and central point of the eggplant. After to measure the evolution temperatures in a solar cooker thermodynamics principles were applied to determine the first and second laws. The results obtained indicates what is the numerical difference between the first and second laws in the cooking process of eggplant. The results allow to understand how the inlet energy that impacts on solar cooker is converted in energy useful in the cooking process of eggplant. This work be used in future designs of solar cookers.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation in the photo-oxidation of High Density Polyethylene and Biodegradable Polyethylene films
Authors: Martínez-Romo A , Mota R González , Bernal J J Soto , Reyes C Frausto , Candelas I Rosales
Published: January 2015

One of the most widely used plastics in the world is the High density polyethylene (HDPE), it is a stable material due to its carbon-carbon bonds, causing their slow degradation; which is why we are looking for alternative ways to accelerate the degradation process of this polymer. An alternative is the addition of oxidized groups in its molecular structure, which results in the development of polymers susceptible to biodegradation (PE-BIO). In this paper, HDPE and PE-BIO films were exposed to UV-B radiation (320-280 nm) at different exposure times, 0-60 days. The effects of UV radiation in samples of HDPE and PE-BIO were characterized using infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The results show that the exposed materials undergo changes in their molecular structure, due to the infrared bands formed which corresponds to the photo-oxidation of HDPE and PE films when submitted to UV-B radiation.
Photopyroelectric Techniques for thermo-optical characterization of gold nano-particles
Authors: Chávez-Sandoval B E , Balderas-López J A , Padilla-Bernal G , Moreno-Rivera M A , Franco-Hernández M O , Martínez-Jiménez A , García-Franco F
Published: January 2015

Since the first methodology, proposed by Turkevich, to produce gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), improvements have been made as to allow better controllability in their size and shape. These two parameters play important role for application of gold nanoparticles since they determine their optical and thermal properties. Two photopyroelectric techniques for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity and the optical absorption coefficient for nano-particles are introduced. These thermo-physical properties were measured for the colloidal systems at different nano-particle's sizes and, for optical properties, at three different wavelengths (405 nm, 488 nm and 532 nm). No significant difference, on thermal properties, was found in the range of nano-particles' sizes studied in this work; in opposition optical properties shown more sensitive to this parameter.
Assessment of high performance concrete containing fly ash and calcium nitrite based corrosion inhibitor as a mean to prevent the corrosion of reinforcing steel
Authors: Montes-García P , Jiménez-Quero V , López-Calvo H
Published: January 2015

This research analyses the effectiveness of the water-to-cement ratio (w/c), fly ash and a calcium nitrite based corrosion inhibitor to prevent the corrosion of reinforcing steel embedded in high performance concrete. The interactive effect between the inhibitor and fly ash was evaluated because the occurrence of a negative effect when both ingredients are added together in a concrete mixture has been reported. All the concrete mixtures studied in this investigation had 8.2% of silica fume. Twenty seven prismatic concrete specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 55 × 230 × 300 mm each containing two steel rods embedded for the purpose of corrosion monitoring. The specimens were exposed to a simulated marine environment with two daily cycles of wetting and drying for one year. To evaluate the deterioration of the specimens corrosion potentials and linear polarization resistance tests were carried out. The results indicate that the use of a low w/c, the addition of fly ash and the addition of the corrosion inhibitor contributed to the reduction of the corrosion of steel in the concrete specimens. The results further suggest that the combination of fly ash and corrosion inhibitor does not promote the deterioration of the concrete matrix.
Solar light collection from buildings façades
Authors: Cadena C García , Sánchez-Pérez C , Rosas M Tovar
Published: January 2015

We present an analysis of the light collection from the building's fagade for interior lighting using diffuse reflective surfaces. The use of diffuse surfaces may increase the acceptance angle of such systems, in order to collect more sunlight coming from different directions according to the objects surrounding the building fafade for longer periods of the day without the use of sun tracking systems. We discuss a numerical analysis and experimental results comparing light collection with the proposed system with respect to an equivalent system using specular reflecting surfaces. Results show that the collection is around 50 lx with a system of dimensions 10 cm × 15 cm and is of about of 55% higher than the collection achieved by a system of specular surfaces.
Performance evaluation of a digital mammography unit using a contrast-detail phantom
Authors: Elizalde-Cabrera J , Brandan M-E
Published: January 2015

The relation between image quality and mean glandular dose (MGD) has been studied for a Senographe 2000D mammographic unit used for research in our laboratory. The magnitudes were evaluated for a clinically relevant range of acrylic thicknesses and radiological techniques. The CDMAM phantom was used to determine the contrast-detail curve. Also, an alternative method based on the analysis of signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios from the CDMAM image was proposed and applied. A simple numerical model was utilized to successfully interpret the results. Optimum radiological techniques were determined using the figures-of-merit FOMSNR=SNR2/MGD and FOMCNR=CNR2/MGD. Main results were: the evaluation of the detector response flattening process (it reduces by about one half the spatial non-homogeneities due to the X- ray field), MGD measurements (the values comply with standards), and verification of the automatic exposure control performance (it is sensitive to fluence attenuation, not to contrast). For 4-5 cm phantom thicknesses, the optimum radiological techniques were Rh/Rh 34 kV to optimize SNR, and Rh/Rh 28 kV to optimize CNR.
Numerical study of remote detection outside the magnet with travelling wave Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3T
Authors: López M , Vázquez F , Solís-Nájera S , Rodriguez A O
Published: January 2015

The use of the travelling wave approach for high magnetic field magnetic resonance imaging has been used recently with very promising results. This approach offer images one with greater field-of-view and a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio using a circular waveguide. This scheme has been proved to be successful at 7 T and 9.4 T with whole-body imager. Images have also been acquired with clinical magnetic resonance imaging systems whose resonant frequencies were 64 MHz and 128 MHz. These results motivated the use of remote detection of the magnetic resonance signal using a parallel-plate waveguide together with 3 T clinical scanners, to acquired human leg images. The cut-off frequency of this waveguide is zero for the principal mode, allowing us to overcome the barrier of transmitting waves at lower frequency than 300 MHz or 7 T for protons. These motivated the study of remote detection outside the actual magnet. We performed electromagnetic field simulations of a parallel-plate waveguide and a phantom. The signal transmission was done at 128 MHz and using a circular surface coil located almost 200 cm away for the magnet isocentre. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the magnetic field of the principal mode propagate inside a waveguide outside the magnet. Numerical results were compared with previous experimental-acquired image data under similar conditions.
Low Coherence Optic Source Characterization
Authors: Flores-Domínguez C E , Ochoa-Valiente R , García-Trujillo L A
Published: January 2015

This work presents the results of characterization of the coherence length of an optic source using interferometric techniques and digital signal processing. Optic sources are not ideal because of random behavior in the emission process and spectral dispersion. Optical coherence is the ability of light to generate interference, either temporal or spatial. In time domain, coherence is expressed by the autocorrelation function. In case of monochromatic laser, it has larger coherence length, in the order of tenths to hundredth of meters, rather than a superluminiscent diode (SLD), which is shorter, in the orders of millimeters. This work presents a method for measuring coherence length using an automated Michelson interferometer and a SLD with central wavelength λ0 = 1302.4 nm and acquisition system.by means of a soundcard in a personal computer.
Modulation of radical pairs dynamics immersed in an ELF-EMF: The effect on hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: López-Riquelme G O , López-Sandoval E , Vera-Aguilar E , Godina-Nava J J
Published: January 2015

The most suitable mechanism of action of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on biological systems is the effect on the radical pair (RP) recombination through the Zeeman effect and hyperfine interaction, which changes the rate of reactions or the product distribution. Enzyme reactions with RP intermediates can be altered by EMF, like those catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450), a heme-thiolate family protein that detoxifies xenobiotics and involved in chemical carcinogenesis. CYP450 activate chemical carcinogens producing an enormous amount of free radicals, which damage the DNA resulting in the malignant transformation of cells. During the activation, CYP450 produce spin-correlated RP intermediates that can either go to recombination or to continue the catalytic process. As CYP450 are electron carrier proteins, it is possible that RP intermediates may be affected by EMF. It was previously found that periodic treatment with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) inhibits more than 50% the number and area of preneoplastic lesions in rats with chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis through reduction of cell proliferation. In this work, we developed a quantum mechanical model based on RP mechanism in order to explain the experimental effects of ELF-EMF on the free radicals produced in the early stages of chemical carcinogenesis.