bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic analysis of phytochemicals in the peel of Musa Paradisiaca to synthesize silver nanoparticles
Authors: Buendia-Otero María José , Jiménez-Corzo Deisy Julieth , Caamaño De Ávila Zulia Isabel , Restrepo Juan Bernardo
Published: April 2021

This research work used Musa Paradisiaca (banana) peels as a natural solvent, assorted with the precursor AgNO3 (10 mM) to perform the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The phytochemical components present in the Musa Paradisiaca peel extracts were determined by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and it was possible to identify the compounds: 1.2 Ethanediol (60.0261 %) and 2.3 Butanediol (11.2 %); these -diols represent a highly reducing agent for metals, since they act as a solvent for the metal precursor behaving as a reducing agent, and facilitating the formation of nanoparticles. Likewise, the synthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to a washing and drying treatment to be subsequently characterized by means of UV-Vis and XRD techniques, resulting in a wavelength of 411 nm, which is characteristic of these metallic nanoparticles, and achieving the identification of the face-centered cubic structure (fcc) of the metallic silver, with an average particle size of 21.8 nm according to the Debye-Scherrer equation.
Radiation Risk Assessment on Public in Motijheel Thana, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammed Belayet , Rahman Dr. Mohammad Sohelur , Bhuiyan Dr. Mohammad Amir Hossain , Yeasmin Selina
Published: April 2021

Objective: The pollution free environment is required for healthy life. The real-time radiation monitoring is very important for radiation hazard detection in the environment. The excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) on public is to assess based on the real-time radiation monitoring data in the area. Methods: The real-time radiation monitoring was performed using portable digital radiation monitoring device. This real-time digital portable radiation monitoring device meets all European CE standards as well as the American “FCC 15 standard”. The real-time digital portable radiation monitoring device was placed at 1 meter above the ground on tripod and data collection time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. 27 MPs were chosen for collection of real-time radiation data at various outdoor environment in Motijheel Thana, Dhaka from May-August 2018.Results: The real-time radiation dose rates at Motijheel Thana due to natural radionuclides were ranged from 0.095 ± 0.041 µSv.h-1 to 0.185 ± 0.042 µSv.h-1 with an average of 0.147 ± 0.047 µSv.h-1. The annual effective dose to public from outdoor environmental radiation at Motijheel Thana were found to be 0.166 ± 0.066 mSv to 0.324 ± 0.061 mSv with an average of 0.257 ± 0.039 mSv. Excess Life-time Cancer Risk (ELCR) on public are also estimated based on annual effective dose that is ranged from 0.662 ×10-3 to 1.289 ×10-3 with an average value of 1.025 ×10-3, which is higher than world average value of 0.29×10-3. Conclusion: This type of study is required for detection of the radiation hazard arising from the natu-ral as well as man-made sources and also for generation of the baseline database. From this study, it is observed that there is no pose any radiation hazard in the study area due to man-made sources.
A descriptive cross-sectional study on the awareness level towards the COVID-19 among the internet users of Bangladesh
Authors: Pavel Fahad Bin Aziz , Halder Shimul , Siddik Md Saeed , Muhit Md Abdul
Published: April 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pandemic worldwide is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially contagious disease that is of great global public health concern. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards the COVID-19 pandemic among the internet users of Bangladesh.Methods: A web-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a structured questionnaire implemented through google form and circulated online over distinctive social media from April 2020 to June 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0 employing univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques and also one-way ANOVA where applicable.Results: From the obtained data, 98.8% of the participants were aware of the COVID-19, among them 60.7% obtained the information from social media. The general transmission knowledge level score was found at 3.37±0.71. Overall knowledge level score on signs and symptoms and treatment options were found 2.8±0.05 and 5.17±1.44, respectively. This study demonstrated that a significant portion of the population (80.7%) is dissatisfied with the role of the government in combating COVID-19. One-way ANOVA reveals that women show more adherence with practicing the precautions required to refrain from COVID-19 which was highly significant (p value 0.066). The backward likelihood ratio analysis showed that education and sex have significant p value in case of treatment knowledge score and practice score, respectively.Conclusions: Although the perception towards the COVID-19 is encouraging among the populations who are using the internets, our study findings suggest that updated knowledge, safety guidelines and preventive measures must be provided by the concerned authorities to enhance the awareness and to reduce the spreadability of the COVID-19 outbreak.
A cross sectional study to estimate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among type 2 diabetes cases on metformin therapy: a one year study
Authors: Gundu Veeranarayana , Chintha Venkata Subrahmanyam
Published: April 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with long term neurological complications. Metformin usage as first line drug for longer duration is associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin on longer usage is associated with B12 deficiency in various studies and prevalence is variable. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated risk factors among T2DM on metformin therapy.Methods: A cross sectional study for one year was conducted at Narayana Medical college a tertiary care hospital. All T2DM cases attending the department and on Metformin usage were enrolled and data of age, sex, duration of T2DM, dosage of Metformin were noted as variables. Levels of Hb1Ac and complete blood picture were noted. Statistical analysis was conducted by Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 v and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 258 participants were enrolled of which 68 (26.36%) were B12 deficient, 46 cases (17.83%) moderately deficient and 144 (55.81%) were normal. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 in the study was 26.36%. There was a statistically significant association between Vitamin B12 levels and daily dose of metformin usage. (p>0.005)Conclusions: Our study clearly highlighted the association of Vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM on metformin therapy. Prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM patients on metformin is quite considerable and cannot be neglected. Physicians prescribing the drug should plan inclusion Vitamin B12 supplementation as regular drug in T2DM cases.
Assessment of serum ferritin and thyroid hormones level in acute ischemic stroke and their association with hemorrhagic conversion
Authors: Giri Richa , Ahamed Faim , Agarwal Saurabh , Kumar Lalit
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute ischemic stroke is a significant cause of mortality and the leading cause of long-term disability in the United States. Collective evidence suggests that low T3 levels and serum ferritin levels instantly following acute ischemic stroke are connected with greater stroke sternness, higher death rates, and poor functional outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess the serum ferritin and thyroid hormones level in acute ischemic stroke their association with hemorrhagic conversion.Methods: In this observational study, 60 acute ischemic stroke patients aged ≥ 18 years of both gender who were reported with focal neurological deficit lasting greater than 24 hours were included. Clinical severity of stroke was assessed at admission and on the 7th day using Glasgow coma scale (G.C.S.), serum ferritin level, and thyroid hormones level were measured at admission and on the 7th day in all these subjects.Results: Overall mean age of patients was 56.28±11.45 years with a range of 29-87 years; 61.7% were male patients. Ischemic stroke was found in 55 (91.7%) patients, while 5 (8.3%) patients showed hemorrhagic conversion. Serum Ferritin and T3 level shows a significant association with G.C.S. score (p<0.05). Hemorrhagic Conversion patients were significantly greater in-hospital stay than the acute ischemic stroke group (p<0.05).Conclusions: In our study, it was observed that after acute ischemic stroke high ferritin level and low T3 is associated with worse neurological outcome and linked to the poorer results at hospital discharge.
Vitamin D deficiency among the patients attending B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences: a cross sectional study
Authors: Chaudhari Rajendra K. , Shah Cosmica , Raman Ananya , Yadav Dikshya , Gelal Basanta
Published: April 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has become a public health problem worldwide regardless to geography. Vitamin D deficiency leads to osteoporosis and also associated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. Early detection of vitamin D level in blood followed by supplementation can prevent various chronic diseases. There are limited studies of vitamin D deficiency from eastern Nepal therefore we planned to assess the prevalence of vitamin D in different age groups and gender among patients visiting at BPKIHS.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among the patients attending Immunoassay laboratory of the BPKIHS. Based on purposive sampling technique, data of first visit of patients were taken who came for investigation of vitamin D from January to March, 2019. Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels were measured by CLIA method using Maglumi 2000 (Snibe Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China).

Results: A total of 2399 (73.81%) female and 851 (26.19%) males were enrolled in the study among which 66 (2.03%), 133 (4.09%) and 3051 (93.88%) were children, adolescent and adult respectively. This study revealed 61.2%, 27.6% and 11.2% patients having deficient, insufficient and sufficient level of serum vitamin D respectively. Significantly, highest percentages of adolescents were found vitamin D deficient compared to adults and children. Adolescents have shown significantly low median levels of vitamin D (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in patients visiting BPKIHS. Comparatively higher percentage of vitamin D deficiency and low vitamin D levels are reported among adolescents compared to children and adult.
Analgesic combination for robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy; transversus abdominis plane block and rectus sheath block: Where and how?
Authors: Coşarcan Sami Kaan
Published: April 2021

One of the common arguments for advantages of minimally invasive surgery is reduced postoperative pain and faster recovery. Faster recovery is expected with less postoperative pain in robotic surgeries. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy causes considerable discomfort, mainly during the first postoperative day. The discomfort originates from abdominal pain, bladder spasm and transurethral catheter irritation. We would like to share our experience on use of bilateral subcostal mid axillar TAP block and rectus sheath block for postoperative analgesia in five male patients who underwent robot assisted radical prostatectomy surgery. General anesthesia was performed with 2mg/kg propofol, 1 μg/kg fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium. Anesthesia was maintained by remifentanil infusion and 1 MAC desflurane. After the surgery, TAP block and rectus sheath block performed in supine position. Blocks were done under ultrasound guidance. After the block, patients were extubated. At the end of the surgery patients were administered 1g paracetamol and tramadol 50 mg intravenous. Patients had intravenous tramadol PCA (only bolus dose 10 mg). Rescue analgesia was planned as tramadol 50 mg boluses if VAS scores were above 4 in recovery unit. Neither patient required rescue analgesia nor PCA bolus doses in recovery unit. All patients were satisfied with the analgesia quality. TAP block and rectus sheet block is a very effective combination in robotic prostate surgeries. Perhaps the most important thing is the selection of the most effective analgesic method that contributes to the rapid recovery of the patient.
Guía ambiental y social para proyectos de generación fotovoltaicos e híbridos menores o iguales a 1 MW
Authors: Planas Alexandra , Quintero Juan David , Montealegre Libardo
Published: April 2021

Esta guía ambiental y social, elaborada por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo con apoyo del Gobierno de Colombia, busca mitigar los impactos ambientales y sociales de los proyectos de generación fotovoltaicos e híbridos menores o iguales a 1 MW en Zonas No Interconectadas. Para esto, se plantean los elementos e impactos ambientales y sociales que deben ser tenidos en cuenta al evaluar este tipo de proyectos, y se proponen buenas prácticas para su adecuado manejo. Con esto, se espera incentivar el cumplimiento de las normas ambientales colombianas, así como las directivas de salvaguardias ambientales y sociales y el marco de infraestructura sostenible de la banca multilateral.
Mamíferos (Mammalia) de la Amazonía colombiana
Authors: Morales Martínez Darwin M.
Published: April 2021

La Amazonía se considera una de las zonas con mayor diversidad de mamíferos a escala mundial. El conocimiento de dicha diversidad en Colombia es aún parcial y fragmentado. En ese contexto, se elaboró la lista de las especies de mamíferos conocidas y de las probables en la Amazonía colombiana a partir de la información contenida en la literatura especializada y en las bases de datos de biodiversidad. Se tuvieron en cuenta la división política-administrativa de la región y las tres provincias biogeográficas: Amazonía, Guayana y Norandina. Se evaluó la representatividad geográfica de los especímenes y se determinaron las áreas prioritarias para realizar inventarios y complementar el conocimiento actual de la diversidad de mamíferos en la región. Se registraron 265 especies de mamíferos: 94 en la provincia Norandina, 196 en la Amazonía y 183 en la Guayana. En los departamentos se ha registrado un rango de especies que va desde 26 en el Cauca hasta 157 en Caquetá y Putumayo. Del orden Chiroptera se registraron 137 especies, seguido por Rodentia, con 45 especies; en los otros órdenes se registraron entre una y 23 especies. Se encontró que la mayor parte del territorio está inexplorado y sin especímenes en las colecciones. Además, hay una gran probabilidad de que en la mayor parte del territorio de la Amazonía se encuentren, por lo menos, 70 especies no registradas, lo que la convierte en un área ideal para nuevos inventarios biológicos. Los resultados indican que la diversidad de mamíferos está subestimada y es necesario incrementar las exploraciones biológicas con el personal y la intensidad de muestreo apropiados, fortalecer colecciones biológicas e impulsar el uso de herramientas moleculares.
Evaluación fenotípica de dos generaciones de plantas de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) provenientes de semillas irradiadas con rayos gamma para identificar resistencia a Ascochyta spp.
Authors: Murillo Ilbay Ángel Rubén
Published: April 2021

El cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) es afectado en forma severa por Ascoquitosis, enfermedad que produce grandes pérdidas en rendimiento. No existen genotipos que presenten resistencia genética; para generarlos e identificar plantas resistentes, se indujeron mutaciones con rayos gamma en semillas de la variedad INIAP 436 Liliana, cuyo objetivo fue: evaluar fenotípicamente dos generaciones de plantas de arveja provenientes de semillas irradiadas. La investigación constó de tres etapas: primero, se determinó que la dosis óptima de radiación para inducir mutaciones fue de 120 Gy. En la segunda etapa se irradiaron a esa dosis 30000 semillas, se sembraron en campo junto a una población testigo constituyendo la generación M1. En la población tratada se observaron: disminución del porcentaje de emergencia, aparecimiento de plantas quiméricas y estériles. Las semillas cosechadas originaron la generación M2 (tercera etapa), que se sembró en campo en dos localidades junto a una población testigo, No existieron diferencias significativas entre los porcentajes de emergencia de las poblaciones en las dos localidades; se observaron plantas mutantes clorofílicas de las categorías albina, xantha y viridis. La frecuencia de mutaciones clorofílicas inducidas fue de 0,22%. Los valores de la efectividad y eficiencia mutagénica, fueron de 0,0018 y 0,0169, respectivamente. Se inocularon las plantas en etapa de floración con aislamientos de Ascochyta sp. y se evaluó su reacción. Fueron seleccionadas dos plantas con resistencia intermedia. Su progenie fueron sembrados bajo invernadero y a los 35 días se inoculó con Ascochyta spp; la reacción fue de susceptibilidad. En este estudio, el empleo de rayos gamma no fue efectivo para obtener resistencia a Ascoquitosis, debido posiblemente a que es un carácter poligénico, o la dosis de radiación fue baja con una probabilidad de un cambio simultáneo de esos genes es bastante baja.
Generación y selección de mutantes de papa (Solanum tuberosum) con resistencia al tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans)
Authors: Rivadeneira Ruales Jorge Esteban
Published: April 2021

Con el objetivo de generar y seleccionar mutantes de papa provenientes de la variedad Superchola con resistencia al tizón tardío obtenidos mediante radiaciones con fuente Co60, se llevó a cabo un experimento en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina del INIAP para lo cual se irradiaron explantes de yemas axilares y apicales de plantas de papa in vitro de 45 días de crecimiento. La dosis óptima de irradiación para explantes provenientes de yemas apicales fue de 35 Gy y para explantes de yemas axilares fue de 30 Gy. Se realizaron tres micropropagaciones sucesivas para generar y estabilizar las mutaciones. Los mutantes sólidos se inocularon con una suspensión de 0.5x104 zoosporas/ml de P. infestans y se evaluaron ocho días después. En campo se midió la respuesta de 116 mutantes al ataque de tizón tardío. Se incluyeron cinco controles, las variedades resistentes INIAP-Santa Catalina, INIAP-Fripapa y las susceptibles Superchola, INIAP-Gabriela y Uvilla. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de látices parcialmente balanceado 11x11 con tres repeticiones. La prueba de separación de medias utilizada fue Tukey al 5%. Las variables evaluadas fueron área bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (ABCPE) calculada en base a 12 lecturas de severidad y el rendimiento expresado en kilogramos por planta. Los individuos seleccionados como mutantes sólidos correspondieron al 75% originados de yemas apicales (1319 mutantes) y el 69% originados de yemas axilares (2145 mutantes). El 80% de mutantes de origen axilar y el 62% de origen apical mostraron reacción de susceptibilidad a P. infestans. El porcentaje de mutantes sólidos que mostraron una respuesta de resistencia fue reducido en relación a la población inicial, el 20% de mutantes fueron resistentes de origen axilar y 38 % de mutantes de origen apical. Para ABCPE se encontraron 8 rangos, las variedades INIAP-Santa Catalina, INIAP-Fripapa y los mutantes m67, m92, m39 se ubicaron en los primeros rangos con valores de ABCPE menores a 2536.24. Con respecto al rendimiento se establecieron 3 rangos, los mutantes m42 y m65 se ubicaron en el primer rango con 1.15 kg/planta. Bajo condiciones de laboratorio se seleccionaron 938 mutantes con resistencia P. infestans y 18 en condiciones de campo.
Dosimetría y dosis letal media (DL50) para mutaciones inducidas con rayos gamma en dos variedades de cebada (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
Authors: Garofalo Sosa Javier
Published: April 2021

La cebada es un cultivo de importancia económica, social y alimentaria en la Sierra ecuatoriana. Es el segundo cereal más cultivado en Ecuador y el cuarto a nivel mundial. La inducción de mutaciones es una técnica de mejoramiento que permite generar variabilidad genética; es por ello, que el INIAP está empleado esta técnica en el cultivo de cebada en busca de germoplasma con características deseables. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la dosimetría y dosis letal media de irradiación para inducir mutaciones en variedades de cebada, usando para ello cinco dosis de rayos gamma (0, 100, 150, 200 y 250 Gy). Los parámetros evaluados fueron: germinación (en invernadero); emergencia, altura de plántula y vigor (en campo). Los resultados mostraron que las variedades respondieron de diferente forma en las distintas dosis empleadas, sin embargo, fue evidente que a medida que la dosis aumentaba, la emergencia, altura de plántula y vigor, se afectaban y mermaban. Se determinó que la dosis letal media se encuentra entre los 150 y 200 Gy. Sin embargo, la dosis que produjo ligeros cambios morfológicos en los materiales y que se la considera como la dosis optima es la de 150 Gy.
Quantifying TRM by Modified DCQ Load Flow Method
Authors: Nadia Awatif , Hossain Md. Sanwar , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Islam Khondoker Ziaul , Miah Shahajan
Published: April 2021

In the integrated power system network uncertainty can occur at any time. The transmission reliability (TRM) margin is the amount of transmission capacity that guarantees that the transmission network is protected from instability in the operating state of the system. The calculation of the available transfer capacity (ATC) of the transmission reliability margin should be included in a deregulated power system to ensure that the transmission network is safe within a fair range of uncertainties that arise during the power transfer. However, the TRM is conserved as a reliability margin to reflect the unpredictability of the operation of the electric system. Besides, the system operator (SO) utilizes the TRM value during unreliability by adjusting the ATC value some amount up or down to account for errors in data and uncertainty in the model. This paper describes a technique for TRM estimation by modified DCQ load flow method considering VAR transfer distribution factor. The main focus of this study is to get a new approach to determine TRM by incorporating with ATCQ considered reactive power and sensitivity w.r.t ATC considered voltage magnitude. This technique is applied to the IEEE 6 bus system, and results are compared with previous results for validation. The technique leads to more exact and secure estimates of transmission reliability margin.
The Knowledge of People About the Use of Renewable Energy and Environmental Awareness in Their Area, Irbid Governorate as a Case Study
Authors: Ayyoub Samia Ayyoub Salim , Radaydeh Nuha Mahmoud Mesleh
Published: April 2021

In the global effort to curb energy consumption and promote a sustainable lifestyle for our societies, we must strive to lower our energy needs in all aspects of our lives. One of the biggest contributors to our energy requirements are the buildings we spend most of our time inside. Buildings’ energy consumption can take many forms, such as, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and lighting systems in order to create a comfortable environment for the users. One way of reducing buildings’ energy consumption is the use of renewable resource for energy. The main aim of this research is to measure and assess the public perceptions, knowledge and awareness of the concept of renewable energy, with specific regards to the use of solar photovoltaic cells, as well as investigate the desire to spend on the installation of renewable energy sources. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire applied in Irbid governorate in the north of Jordan. The statistical SPSS program was used to analyze closed-ended questionnaires and obtain numerical results based on arithmetical averages and percentages. The results show people are adequately aware of the benefits of renewable energy and most would like to have photovoltaic cells installed. However, 54.35% of the study sample live in apartments and do not have the space for the installation. 70.1% are open to the idea of sharing the solar energy system with their neighbors. 50% thought that the photovoltaic cells affected the aesthetics of the architecture style of the buildings especially the more traditional styles. It is concluded that the government needs to build a large-scale solar energy project to sustainably produce electricity instead of relying on individuals who generally lack the ability or the space for such systems, taking in note that the general public supports such concepts.
2019-2020 Amenazas a la estabilidad nacional
Authors:   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Published: April 2021

El presente documento presenta a sus lectores una compilación de las investigaciones y análisis más recientes realizados por el Instituto de Estudios Geoesratégicos y Asuntos Políticos (IGEAP) de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (UMNG). Se trata de una serie de atículos desarrollados a partir del estudio concienzudo de la realidad nacional, madurándose en el debate académico y socializándose entre diferentes entidades estatales como la Presidencia de la República, el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional (Mindefensa) y otros estamentos encargados de velar por la seguridad, la democracia, la libertad y demás derechos de nuestros connacionales que son preservados gracias a la misión ejercida por las Fuerzas Militares y la Policía Nacional.
¿Conduce el constitucionalismo dialógico a cuestionar el fallo de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso Gelman?
Authors: Vila Marisa Iglesias
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo examina el constitucionalismo dialógico propuesto por Roberto Gargarella cuando critica el fallo de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso Gelman. Una vez presentadas sus características, se mantiene que un modelo dialógico de tipo democrático debería ser más exigente en lo que atañe a la demanda de profundidad deliberativa y que la legitimidad democrática no es el parámetro de moralidad política central desde el cual valorar el funcionamiento de un sistema regional de derechos humanos. Se propone que el rol dialógico de un tribunal como la Corte Interamericana debe medirse en términos de legitimidad ecológica y subsidiariedad cooperativa, cuyos ejes son la eficacia protectora y el reconocimiento mutuo. Siguiendo esta visión, la justificación de la deferencia al criterio nacional se condiciona a la confiabilidad del Estado derivada de su satisfacción de tres responsabilidades cooperativas: imparcialidad, cultura democrática de la justificación y perspectiva convencional. Atendiendo a estas responsabilidades, se compara la Ley de Caducidad uruguaya con el sistema penal especial previsto en el Acuerdo de Paz colombiano.
La estrategia de la agregación en las constituciones y la ausencia de una voluntad general
Authors: Rojas Héctor David
Published: April 2021

La tesis de la agregación, formulada por Gargarella, sostiene que las constituciones latinoamericanas tienen el rasgo común de agregar intereses de los ciudadanos por medio de cláusulas contradictorias que no dan una respuesta unívoca a las cuestiones constitucionales. La ambigüedad favorece a las élites que dominan la organización política y pueden resolver las tensiones en su favor. En este artículo sostengo que la tesis de Gargarella se puede dividir en la tesis de la ambigüedad constitucional y la tesis de la adjudicación de la ambigüedad. Con fundamento en esta distinción se muestra que la falta de coherencia sistémica constitucional (ambigüedad) no es un defecto fatal, en cuanto la interpretación judicial y el desarrollo legal pueden armonizar el conflicto normativo. Se presenta un contraste con el derecho internacional, en el que la tesis de la interdependencia permitió hacer compatibles diversas generaciones de derechos. Se argumenta que la adjudicación entre intereses en conflicto en el nivel constitucional puede ser mediada por un procedimiento democrático que, por sus cualidades epistémicas, facilita la identificación de un bien común que puede hacer coherente el sistema constitucional. Esta visión se desarrolla con fundamento en la distinción entre la voluntad general y la voluntad de todos de Rousseau.
CPI Welcomes the Fall 2020 Special Issue: "Living Stories of Migrancy: Exile, Unconditional Hospitality and Transnational Citizenship" with N. Ng-A-Fook, C. Lee and H. Oguanobi, Invited Guest Editors
Authors: Depass Cecille , Abdi Ali A.
Published: April 2021

Editorial introducing the Fall 2020 Special Issue of Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry entitled "Living Stories of Migrancy: Exile, Unconditional Hospitality and Transnational Citizenship" by Dr. Cecille Depass and Dr. Ali Abdi.
What Hospitality is Not
Authors: Oguanobi Hembadoon Iyortyer
Published: April 2021

A poem describing concern about what hospitality is not about, that is, how migration to a new place eventually changes an individual. It is about how a person will reinvent themself. It is about how  new taste and new ways of seeing are (re)discovered. It is about how one will familiarize themself with new beats and new rhythms aimed at repressing the memory of the ancient home.
Dis/place/ment: The Life and In/animacy of Rocks and Stories
Authors: Campbell-Ghazinour Ashley
Published: April 2021

In this illustrated article, I begin with a question: Do rocks talk? The life, movement and migration of stories – and rocks, as the oldest living beings, have witnessed these histories and transformations (Donald, 2009; Tinker, 2004). This article explores the changing landscapes and stories of our lives, and the places where we live and dwell. It unravels discourses seeped in colonial histories, while recognizing our responsibilities as newcomers and settlers to these places and Indigenous peoples. This métissage of stories speaks to the meaning of places within our lives – and what we can learn from these places, when and if, we are willing to listen. And rocks, as the oldest living beings, always remember.
I’m(migrant) Canadian: Renegotiating a “Canadian” National Imaginary in English as a Second Language (ESL) Classrooms
Authors: Mya Nyein
Published: April 2021

What does being “Canadian” mean to racialized students learning an additional language? What happens when such students do not fit in with dominant, idealized notions of being a Canadian? Drawing on Norton’s and Anderson’s concept of imagined communities, this article posits that Canada is an imagined nation. In responding to the two questions, I summarize the relevant literature and share some key personal and lived experiences in teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) and Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) students. To conclude, I suggest that in light of the significant demographic changes that negotiating and reconstructing the “Canadian” identity, is a learning process in which all societal members must participate in equitable ways.
Engagement Strategy for a Racism-Free Workplace
Authors: Samuel John , Tandon Nand
Published: April 2021

Executive summary of a Canadian qualitative study conducted by John Samuel and Nand Tandon, John Samuel and Associates, Ottawa (2015). Despite being conducted several years ago, the study has remained unpublished until its inclusion in this CPI issue. The research examines systemic issues and barriers encountered by members of the First Nations and visible minorities in the high education segment of the Canadian workplace, barriers that remain in Canada today.
The Engagement Plan for a Racism-Free Workplace forms part of the Labour Program of [the federal government’s] HRSDC’s drive to end race-based discrimination in the workplace faced by Aboriginal peoples and members of visible minority groups. As well, the federal government has made a commitment to removing race-related barriers in the workplace and to consulting racial and ethnic groups in developing public policy to achieve this objective.
Ubezpieczenia dzieł sztuki – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Sikora Julia
Published: April 2021

Opracowanie ma na celu przedstawienie wybranych aspektów ubezpieczeń dzieł sztuki. Autorka w niniejszym artykule przedstawi problem dostępnych na rynku ofert dedykowanych ubezpieczeniu dzieł sztuki oraz zaprezentuje zakres oraz warunki zawieranych umów. Opracowanie będzie składało się z czterech części. Jako pierwszy zostanie ukazany problem ubezpieczeń ruchomych dóbr kultury (muzealiów) podczas wystaw krajowych i zagranicznych. Szczegółowej analizie poddana zostanie oferta Towarzystwa Ubezpieczeń i Reasekuracji AXA S.A. dotycząca warunków ubezpieczenia wystaw dzieł sztuki. Ponadto w kontekście zawieranych umów, Autorka zwróci uwagę na kłopotliwą, ale często stosowaną w praktyce klauzulę mienia odzyskanego. W ostatniej części artykułu, zostaną zaprezentowane przykłady szkód, które miały miejsce w ostatnich latach.
Türk Sağı ve Türk Modernleşmesinin Sosyolojisi
Authors: AKSAKAL Erdi
Published: April 2021

Modernliği üretememiş, kendi iç dinamikleri ile modern olamamış fakat söz konusu olgunun bir proje olarak anlaşıldığı Türkiye gibi toplumlarda modernliği inşa eden aydınlardır. Batı, geçmişi ve bugünü ile süreklilik halinde moderniteyi burjuvazi aracılığıyla inşa ederken bunun Türk toplumunda karşılığı değişme ve devam etme kabiliyet alanı yaratmak isteyen aydınlar olmuştur. Türk modernleşmesi, yüzyıllar boyunca diyar-ı küffar kabul edilene diyar-ı muazzama demek zorunda kalmanın ironik bilincidir. Yani, gelenek, geçmiş, süreklilik ve devam etmek refleksleri batının biricik metodolojisi olmasına rağmen özellikle Türk sağında defansif bir eylem alanını ve devam etme inancını pekiştiren toplumsal sınıflar değil bürokratik kesimler olmuştur. Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesi sağ ve sol kesim bağlamında, devlet-toplum ve merkez- çevre ile birleştiğinde iki tür modernleşme anlayışını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Birincisi Fransız-laik modernleşmeyi esas alan Atatürk modernleşmesi, ikincisi ise Anglo-sakson modernleşme olan muhafazakâr modernleşmedir. Osmanlı-Türk modernleşmesinde özellikle Cumhuriyet kadrolarının Fransız aydınlanmacılığını esas alan yapısı, Anglo-sakson gelenekle bütünleşen muhafazakârlık düşüncesi arasında gerilim oluşturmaktadır. Ve bu modernleşme anlayışları içerisinde pozitivizm önemli bir düşün hareketi olarak okunmalıdır. Çünkü söz konusu kavram, Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e yüzyıllar boyunca dini bilginin tesis ettiği otoritenin yerine, bilimsel hakikatler aracılığıyla milletleşmeyi yerleştirmek niyetiyle esas alınmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin ana akım modernleşmesinin içinde olan Türk sağını, toplumu dizayn etmek isteyen ideolojileri, model alarak modernleşme çabasında sıkışıp kalmış anlayışı analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aslında amaç, toplumu kuşatan yapının devletin ihtiyacı olan modernleşme ile sınavını, değişim karşısında nesne olmadan tarihin öznesi olmayı çabalayan karmaşık zihniyet ilişkisini açığa çıkarmaktır. Neticede Türk modernleşmesi içinde kurucu bir sistematik ve bilimsel anlayışa ihtiyaç duyan zihniyetin Durkhem’cı ve ya Comte’çu anlayışa yönelmesi ve komünizme reddiye iradesi burada aranmalıdır.
İnamat Defteri’ndeki Verilere Göre 16. Yüzyılın İlk Çeyreğinde Osmanlı Eyalet ve Sancak Yöneticileri
Authors: GÖK İlhan
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti merkez ve taşra şeklinde iki kısma ayrılmıştır. Merkezin dışında kalan yerleri belirten yerleri belirtmek için taşra kelimesi kullanılmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kuruluşun ilk zamanlarından itibaren taşra birimleri içinde nahiye, kaza, sancak ve eyaletler oluşturulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti’nin topraklarının genişlemesi ve daralmasına göre bu birimlerin sayıları zaman zaman artıp azalmıştır. Taşra idari yapısı içinde nahiyeden eyalete kadar her birim önemlidir. Ancak bu birimlerin içinde en büyüğü eyalet ve ondan sonra ise sancaklar gelmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde sancak ve eyalet yöneticileri yüksek dereceli devlet görevlileri arasında yer alırlar. Bu görevlilerin Türk ve devşirmeler arasından seçildiği bilinmekle birlikte ilk zamanlarda Türk kökenli devlet adamlarının, 16. Yüzyıldan itibaren ise kul kökenli kişilerin ağırlıkta olduğu bilinmektedir. Osmanlı Taşra idaresi ve taşrada görevli bulunan kişilerin tayinleriyle ilgili Osmanlı Arşivi’nde sancak tevcih defterleri, ruznameler ve tahvil defterleri önemli bilgiler ihtiva etmektedir. Bu defterlerden faydalanılarak birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu defterler kadar önemli bir defter de 16. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde II. Bayezid zamanında tutulmaya başlanılan ve I. Süleyman’ın ilk yıllarını da içeren İnamat Defteri’dir. Bu defterde Osmanlı ülkesinde yaşayan her kesimden olan kişilere verilen aynî ve nakdî ihsanlar yer almaktadır. Ağırlıklı olarak II. Bayezid zamanında verilen inamlardan taşra yöneticileri ve aileleri de nasiplenmişlerdir. Osmanlı taşra teşkilatına dair bilgilerin de yer aldığı İnamat Defteri’nde alaybeyi, sancakbeyi ve eyalet valilerinin isimleri, önceki ve sonraki görevleri, görev yeri ve ne kadar görevde kaldıkları gibi bilgilerin yanında bazı taşra yöneticilerinin aileleri hakkında da önemli bilgiler yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, taşra teşkilatının önemli birimleri olan sancak ve eyaletlerden bahsedildikten sonra İnamat Defteri’nde yer alan bu bilgiler çerçevesinde 1501-1523 tarihleri arsında inam (ihsan) almış olan alaybeyleri (mir-alay), sancakbeyleri ve eyalet valileri hakkında bilgiler verilecektir.
Kâtib Çelebi Kalemiyle Mercator Atlası'nda Osmanlı Devleti ve Türkler
Authors: ÜSTÜNER Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti’nin 17. yüzyıl tarih-coğrafya yazıcılığında müstesna yeri olan Kâtib Çelebi kaynak olarak kullanmak amacıyla Gerardus Mercator’un meşhur Atlas Minor kısa adıyla bilinen coğrafya-tarih eserini Levâmi’u’n-Nûr fî-Zulmet-i Atlas Minor adıyla şerh-tercüme etmiştir. Söz konusu eser kıtaların genel tasnifine uygun olarak tarihî coğrafyadan bahsetmekte, aynı zamanda Avrupa’dan itibaren bütün dünya hakkında tarihî, coğrafî, siyâsî, hukûkî ve efsanevî bilgiler de içermektedir. Bu bağlamda eserle birlikte bağımsız bölümlerde veya çeşitli konular vesilesiyle perakende cümleler halinde Türk tarihi, coğrafyası, kültürü, siyasî yapısı ve medeniyeti hakkında birtakım bilgiler de Osmanlı Türkçesine aktarılmış bulunmaktadır. Eserin içeriğinde bulunan bilgiler antik dönem kaynakları ile birlikte eserin ilk tam neşrinin yapıldığı 1595 yılına kadar kaleme alınmış eserlerden veya dönem seyyahlarından derlenmiş bilgilerdir.
Kâtib Çelebi, eserin bütününde olduğu gibi Türk tarihine dair bilgileri de açıklamış veya derkenarda eleştirmiştir. Ayrıca bazı bölümleri okuyucuya bırakırcasına yorum yapmamak suretiyle aynıyla aktarmıştır. Bu bağlamda 16. yüzyıl Avrupa bilginlerinden Mercator tarafından Türk tarihinin nasıl değerlendirildiğinin ve bunun Kâtib Çelebi tarafından nasıl aktarılıp yer yer eleştirildiğinin ortaya konulması Osmanlı tarihi çalışmaları açısından kıymet taşımaktadır. Makalede gerek Avrupa gerekse Osmanlı tarihi açısından önemli bilgilerin derlenerek akademik camiaya sunulması ve Kâtib Çelebi’nin Atlas Minor’de bulunan Türk tarihi ile ilgili bilgileri eleştirisine yer verilerek kaydedilen bilgilerin güncel kaynaklar ışığında değerlendirilerek kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır.
Student’s personally activity in learning as a category of higher school didactic (years 60 — 80)
Authors:   Pacific State University, Zhdanova T.A.
Published: April 2021

Discussed is genesis of the complex phenomenon of “student’s personality activity in learning” with formation of the terminological apparatus of higher school didactics. The student’s personal activity in learning is necessary condition for development of his personality and a fundamental principle of pedagogical activity. To reform the modern practice of the educational process, the idea of activity needs theoretical and technological researches, while the scientific fund could be significantly enriched with theoretical experience of the past.
Effectiveness of realization of pedagogical conditions for development of interest to professional training at University in future architects on contemporary stage
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, Shentsova O.M. , Besedina I.V. , Bulycheva S.V. ,   Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,   Magnitogorsk State Technical University n.a. G.I. Nosov, Mamaeva Yu.V. , Prikazchikova N.P.
Published: April 2021

Presented is the research, aimed at development and theoretical justification of a set of pedagogical conditions for the development of interest in the professional training of future architects at the present time. The scientific novelty of the research consists in determining the complex of pedagogical conditions for the development of interest in professional training in higher education; in clarifying the content of the concepts “professional architectural activity”, “interest in professional architectural training” and “emotionally comfortable educational environment”.
Scientific methodological and organizational support of the state final certification of university graduates
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Reznik S.D. , Sazykina O.A.
Published: April 2021

Generalized is experience of Penza State University of Architecture and Construction and of a number of other universities in the country in scientific methodological and organizational support of the state final certification of bachelors and undergraduates in the direction of training “Management”. This experience has been recognized by many higher educational institutions in Russia, and the presented approaches are recommended by the UMO of Russian universities for education in management for use in the state final certification of graduates of higher educational institutions. In addition, the article analyzes the problems that higher educational institutions have recently faced in connection with the pandemic, having to organize the educational process in a distance format. The practical implementation of the presented experience of the state final certification of graduates will contribute to improving the quality of theoretical and practical training of students at the final stages of study at universities, as well as ensuring an integrated approach to the final phases of state final certification and, as a result, increasing the effectiveness of training in higher educational institutions.
Tradicional, moderno e contemporâneo
Authors: Santos Laymert Garcia dos
Published: April 2021

Este artigo foi originalmente exposto em uma conferência apresentada pelo professor Laymert Garcia Santos dia 27 de maio de 2014, na ocasião do encerramento do 1° Fórum do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Agradecemos ao professor Laymert pela oportunidade de poder publicar aqui sua apresentação. Agradecemos também a Lucas Mestrinelli pela transcrição da entrevista.
Introdução
Authors: Tavolaro Sergio B. F. , Leda Manuela Corrêa
Published: April 2021

Qual escopo de validade o conhecimento científico pode ambicionar para si? Para onde caminha a ciência moderna? Na apreciação de Karl Popper, não restavam dúvidas: “no campo da ciência, temos algo como um critério para julgar a qualidade de uma teoria se comparada com a predecessora, e, por conseguinte, um critério de progresso” (Popper, 1978: 68).
A produção da subalternidade sob a ótica pós-colonial (e decolonial)
Authors: Ribeiro Adelia Miglievich , Prazeres Lílian Lima Gonçalves dos
Published: April 2021

Buscamos apresentar perspectivas teóricas que compõem ou influenciaram os chamados estudos pós-coloniais e decoloniais. Para tanto, iniciamos por Foucault que possibilitou a percepção do poder entremeado às microrelações, com ênfase ao disciplinamento dos corpos e à criação das normas subliminares de conduta.  Transitamos em seguida por Derrida e Hall a fim de marcar as influências pós-moderna e pós-estruturalista na descolonização epistemológica. Ao trazer o debate para as vozes silenciadas pela diferença colonial - antítese da différance - observamos o benefício da expressão entre-lugar do brasileiro Santiago e do indiano Bhabha, como possível sinônimo de hibridismo, trânsito, fronteira, a partir das quais identidades são deslocadas e reinventadas. Acrescemos os latino-americanos do grupo modernidade-colonialidade, Quijano e Maldonado-Torres a fim de expor os tipos de colonialidade existentes e a necessidade de pensar epistemologias próprias que possam superá-los, a exemplo do feminismo decolonial de Spivak (2010), Lerma (2014) e Lugones (2011). Concluímos que há relevância nas inquietações acerca das persistentes colonialidades do poder, do saber e do ser, e chamamos atenção para a necessidade da desconstrução como método de compreensão das realidades e dos discursos sobre as realidades com o intuito de conceber uma crítica intelectual mais efetiva à produção e reprodução das subalternidades.
Estudos pós-coloniais e ciências sociais
Authors: Portela Júnior Aristeu
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho analisa algumas das principais críticas epistemológicas que os ditos estudos “pós-coloniais” endereçam às ciências sociais (ou à ciência, em geral), e as alternativas que propõem. Mais especificamente, centra-se nas formulações desenvolvidas no âmbito do grupo “Modernidade/Colonialidade”, a partir do trabalho de Walter Mignolo, e naquele que tem sido um dos seus principais interlocutores em língua portuguesa: Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Primeiramente, aponta como o colonial fornece o fundamento para a construção das modernas concepções de conhecimento, negando ao universo das crenças e dos comportamentos dos países colonizados a própria condição de conhecimento. Por fim, reconhecendo a extrema relevância, para as ciências humanas e sociais, dos “paradigmas outros” e da “ecologia dos saberes”, delineia algumas limitações nessas perspectivas, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao estatuto epistemológico da ciência depois de reconhecidas suas raízes e sobrevivências coloniais.
O altermundialismo no campo das lutas contra-hegemônicas
Authors: Arias Santiane
Published: April 2021

Ao longo da segunda metade dos anos 1990 surgiram em diversos países sedes dos encontros das organizações multilaterais, tais como a OMC, o FMI e o Banco Mundial, manifestações de oposição às políticas neoliberais, resultando no início de um novo movimento autodenominado altermundialista. Das marchas de protestos cada vez mais constantes nasceu o projeto do Fórum Social Mundial (2001). Considerado por seus entusiastas como o novo protagonista da esquerda do século XXI, esse movimento, não obstante proclame a necessidade de construção de um outro mundo, alega diferenciar-se na sua forma de ação, organização e projeto de transformação da chamada esquerda tradicional. É nesse sentido que o altermundialismo é apresentado por parte da literatura como um movimento plural e não hierárquico no qual encontrar-se-iam reunidos diferentes grupos sociais em nome de questões amplas e universais que transcenderiam os limites colocados pelos interesses de uma classe. A prova disso estaria sobretudo na diversidade de suas demandas que incluiriam, além de justiça social, a igualdade de gênero, a liberdade de orientação sexual, a preservação ambiental e a paz mundial. Este artigo propõe-se a discutir o problema da transformação social trazido à tona pelo altermundialismo a partir do Fórum Social Mundial.
Italianidade como diferença
Authors: Bao Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

O texto apresenta reflexões em torno da italianidade, com circunscrição empírica na cidade de Toledo, Paraná. O objetivo central consiste em evidenciar aspectos do imaginário eurocêntrico que lastreiam essa identidade étnica. Por meio das narrativas de sujeitos e da análise na perspectiva da colonialidade do poder, procurei revelar a relação entre a construção de uma identidade supostamente superior, a partir do estereótipo do Outro, e a invenção de uma etnicidade vinculada a fundamentos do imaginário Ocidental. Revelando, assim, o lado túrbido da italianidade.