bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indenturing Celebrity: Governing China’s Entertainment Industries
Authors: Jeffreys Elaine , Xu Jian
Published: December 2022

This article examines the governance of China’s entertainment industries using the concept of “indentured celebrities”—famous people who are obliged to serve as ambassadors for Chinese government advertising and public diplomacy. The article introduces the idea of indentured celebrities in relation to Western sociological understandings of major celebrities as “national power elites,” “powerless elites,” and cosmopolitan “Big Citizens” who use their mediatized star power to exert unelected, “stateless” political influence. It then examines the expansion since the mid-2000s of regulatory controls over China’s entertainment industries. Finally, it explores the “Fan Bingbing tax evasion case,” revealing how online public censure, and the associated potential for government action, can coalesce to discipline celebrity behaviors. We conclude that regulatory frameworks and, to a lesser degree, “supervision by public opinion,” indenture major celebrities to aid the ruling Chinese Communist Party, while undermining any scope to exert nongovernmental political influence as per Western celebrities.
Responsible autonomy: The interplay of autonomy, control and trust for knowledge professionals working remotely during COVID-19
Authors: Abgeller Neve , Bachmann Reinhard , Dobbins Tony , Anderson Deirdre
Published: December 2022

This article revisits the concept of responsible autonomy, analysing the interplay of employee autonomy, management control and trust experienced by knowledge professionals in the UK compelled to work remotely during the coronavirus pandemic. The authors theorise about the tensions and paradoxes of responsible autonomy in the contemporary context of the COVID-19 crisis, drawing on empirical findings gathered in May 2020 and May 2021. Many participants experienced increased autonomy and discretion, but also work intensification and blurred work–life boundaries. Interestingly, many accepted this paradox as a palatable trade-off for the autonomy of being able to work from home, particularly where there was reciprocal trust between employee and manager. Trust is the glue in responsible autonomy, yet exists in tension with intrusive managerial control.
An Evaluation of a Telehealth Caregiver Training Package to Treat Food Selectivity
Authors: Alaimo Christina M. , Seiverling Laura , Weisberg Holly R. , Ortsman Jessica T. , Jones Emily A.
Published: December 2022

Telehealth behavioral interventions are increasingly necessary when in-person services are not accessible (e.g., due to geographic location, time, cost, and health and safety restrictions). There is a growing evidence-base for the effectiveness of telehealth interventions but few demonstrations of telehealth interventions for pediatric feeding disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a telehealth caregiver training package to teach caregivers to implement a feeding intervention, in their home as primary interventionists, to treat their children’s food selectivity. To address some previously documented caregiver concerns regarding some intervention procedures (e.g., nonremoval of the spoon or escape extinction) and ensure caregivers could safely/feasibility implement intervention, the intervention included differential reinforcement of bites consumed within a 3-minute opportunity. All three caregivers demonstrated high levels of correct performance following training and all children demonstrated increases in the number of bites consumed and decreases in disruptive behaviors. Findings suggest training caregivers via telehealth may be a viable option to treat some children’s food selectivity without first requiring in-person services.
Trajectories of Instrumental and Emotional Social Support and the Associated Risk of Mortality in Bereaved Older Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Tzeng Huei-Jia , Lee Chiachi Bonnie , Chen Cheng-Tsung , Lee Miaw-Chwen
Published: December 2022

This study identified the trajectories of instrumental and emotional perceived social support (PSS) from 1996 to 2003 and investigated the associated risk of mortality in bereaved older adults in Taiwan. The study analyzed 1,188 bereaved older adults who had experienced loss of a spouse, a child, or both before 1996 from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. More favorable trajectories of PSS are associated with lower mortality risk in bereaved older adults. Compared with the spousal or dual bereavement, the parental bereavement benefited more from consistently high instrumental PSS. The present study revealed that consistently high emotional PSS had a stronger protective effect on mortality risk for a widow or widower than did consistently high instrumental support. The findings of this study can serve as an empirical reference to inform social policies and clinical practices for bereaved older adults in culturally similar societies.
‘I Remember Where the Galaxies Are and You Remember Where the Stocks Are’: Older Couples’ Descriptions of Transactive Memory Systems in Everyday Life
Authors: Harris Sophia A. , Barnier Amanda J. , Harris Celia B.
Published: December 2022

Theoretical descriptions of transactive memory systems (TMSs) have postulated that intimate couples develop coordinated systems for sharing and distributing cognitive labour. Although such systems have been well-studied in research on organisational teams, little research has examined how TMSs operate in the context of intimate relationships. In the current study, we used semi-structured interviews to ask 39 older long-married couples to describe how they shared cognitive labour between them. We used qualitative analysis to examine themes relating to specialisation, credibility, and coordination – the key components of successful TMSs identified in organisational teams. We found that couples described their everyday memory sharing practices in ways that reflected these themes, with our findings revealing nuanced descriptions of sources of specialisation and the division of memory labour in relationships, as well as the impacts of ageing and cognitive decline on couples’ TMSs. We discuss these findings in terms of applications of transactive memory theory to intimate relationships, couples as a dyadic unit of analysis, and the role of intimate relationships in adapting to age-related change.
Should moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation be corrected during coronary artery bypass grafting? a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Haibo , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

Objective

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is associated with increased risks of mortality and heart failure. However, the optimal management of moderate IMR remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to appraise whether moderate IMR should be corrected during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from its inception up to 15 October 2022 for studies that assessed CABG alone versus CABG with mitral valve (MV) surgery in patients with moderate IMR. The primary outcome was perioperative mortality.

Results

Four randomized controlled trials and three observational studies with propensity-matched data including 1209 patients assessing CABG alone ( n = 598) versus CABG with MV surgery ( n = 611) were included. Compared to CABG alone, the addition of MV surgery did not significantly increase perioperative mortality (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.52–1.96; p = 0.98) and stroke (RR, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.97–4.72; p = 0.06), whereas a longer cardiopulmonary bypass duration (MD, 54.91; 95% CI, 42.13–67.68; p < 0.01) and an increased incidence of renal failure were observed in the combined-procedure group. At follow-up, the addition of MV surgery was significantly associated with reduced rates of residual MR (RR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13–0.51; p < 0.01) and NYHA class III-IV (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37–0.78; p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in either mid-term mortality (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.65–1.70; p = 0.82) or late mortality (RR, 91; 95% CI, 0.49–1.71; p = 0.78) between the CABG alone group and the combined-procedure group.

Conclusions

In patients with moderate IMR, the addition of MV surgery to CABG did not increase perioperative mortality. Despite the reduced rates of moderate MR and NYHA class III-IV at follow-up, the addition of MV surgery did not translate in a reduction in mid-term or late mortality.
A thematic analysis of hospital medical records of patients with advanced illness experiencing incarceration in the last 3 months of life
Authors: Le Gautier Roslyn , Panozzo Stacey , Bryan Tamsin , Lethborg Carrie , Philip Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Background:

The constraining prison culture is not, for the most part, conducive to the provision of palliative care for people in prison.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore patterns of palliative and end-of-life care provision for hospitalised prison patients.

Design:

A retrospective qualitative review of hospital medical records to explore the quality of end-of-life care provision for patients experiencing incarceration who died within hospital. Qualitative inductive analysis of record extracts of each patients final 3-months of life was undertaken.

Setting/participants:

An Australian metropolitan hospital responsible for providing secondary and tertiary health services for people experiencing incarceration. This study included a systematic sample of male patients experiencing incarceration who died in hospital between 2009 and 2019.

Results:

Medical record extracts of 15 male patients revealed two broad themes: (1) barriers to equitable access to palliative care for incarcerated hospitalised patients; and (2) factors that facilitated quality end-of-life care for patients and families. Barriers included: tensions between balancing risk and humanity; and limited agency over place and death. Conversely, early recognition of deterioration and anticipated dying provided patients and families opportunity to focus on end-of-life goals.

Conclusions:

Institutional influences of security and control challenged the provision of equitable end-of-life care for people experiencing incarceration. Further research is required to inform, and incorporate, best approaches to identifying patient wishes and advance planning into care within, or despite, the constrains of incarceration. Policy reform and a coordinated, best practice approach to the management of end-of-life care for people experiencing incarceration is needed.
CNS-peripheral immune interactions in hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Li Xiang , Chen Gang
Published: December 2022

Stroke is a sudden and rapidly progressing ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. When stroke damages the brain, the immune system becomes hyperactive, leading to systemic inflammatory response and immunomodulatory disorders, which could significantly impact brain damage, recovery, and prognosis of stroke. Emerging researches suggest that ischemic stroke-induced spleen contraction could activate a peripheral immune response, which may further aggravate brain injury. This review focuses on hemorrhagic strokes including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and discusses the central nervous system-peripheral immune interactions after hemorrhagic stroke induction. First, inflammatory progression after ICH and SAH is investigated. As a part of this review, we summarize the various kinds of inflammatory cell infiltration to aggravate brain injury after blood-brain barrier interruption induced by hemorrhagic stroke. Then, we explore hemorrhagic stroke-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and discuss the interactions of CNS and peripheral inflammatory response. In addition, potential targets related to inflammatory response for ICH and SAH are discussed in this review, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for hemorrhagic stroke.
Intra- and interobserver agreement of rectal cancer staging with MRI
Authors: Kilickap Gulsum , Dolek Betul Akdal , Ercan Karabekir
Published: December 2022

Background

Reliable preoperative staging of rectal cancers is crucial for treatment decision making.

Purpose

To assess the intra- and inter-observer agreement of rectal cancer staging, including the sub-categories, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods

The study includes 85 patients (35.3% women; mean age = 62.2 ± 11.2 years) who underwent MRI for rectal cancer staging between August 2020 and April 2021. All the stored images were evaluated independently by two radiologists with 10–15 years of experience. For intra-observer agreement, the evaluations were done two months apart. Analyses were made using kappa, prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), where appropriate.

Results

There was a substantial inter-observer agreement for tumor localization (kappa = 0.665, PABAK = 0.682), mesorectal fascia invasion (kappa = 0.663, PABAK = 0.822), internal and external sphincter involvement (kappa 0.804 and 0.751, PABAK 0.859 and 0.929, respectively), and moderate to substantial agreement for M-staging (kappa = 0.451, PABAK = 0.742) and extramural vascular invasion (kappa = 0.569, PABAK = 0.741). There was also a good inter-observer agreement for T staging and N staging (ICC = 0.862, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.788–0.911; and ICC = 0.841, 95% CI = 0.595–0.922, respectively). As expected, intra-observer agreement was better than inter-observer agreement.

Conclusion

Intra- and inter-observer agreement for MRI staging of rectal cancers using the structured reporting template is good.
Digital keywords for China: Perceptions and portrayals in English-language novels
Authors: Matthews Graham , Tung Cheung Hiu
Published: December 2022

As China emerges as a potential global superpower, it is more important than ever to recognise and analyse the ways in which the country has been represented in literature and culture. English-language novels frequently include passing reference to China but these instances are usually too minor to contribute to the major themes of the novel and pass without comment in traditional forms of literary scholarship. When collected together, these references are indicative of the ways in which the cultural perception of China has fluctuated and changed over the decades. We examined 8,438 English-language novels across a period of over one hundred years in order to trace broad patterns and shifts in the literary representation of China over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. To date, we have collected 12,186 passages that include the words china or chinese with full metadata (author, title, country of origin, year of publication) for the years 1900–2017. We have generated a coding scheme to identify keywords; these include tea, communism, emperor, crime, and foot-binding. Analysis of particular keywords with reference to the corresponding sets of quotations reveals fresh insight into the literary and cultural construction of China that has shaped public perception. The accompanying database is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Vehicle Trajectory-Based Calibration Procedure for Microsimulation
Authors: Hale David K. , Ghiasi Amir , Khalighi Farnoush , Zhao Dongfang , Li Xiaopeng (Shaw) , James Rachel M.
Published: December 2022

In practice, traffic engineers and researchers calibrate microscopic driver behavior in microsimulation models using macroscopic inputs (e.g., aggregated traffic throughput) instead of microscopic inputs (e.g., inter-vehicle spacing and acceleration). This mismatch has naturally led to concerns that these models have not accurately captured the microscopic driver behaviors, despite the apparent goodness-of-fit in the macroscopic performance measures. There is renewed interest in trajectory-based calibration for microsimulation models given the recent improvements in data collection and data processing technologies. Toward this end, this project collected aerial vehicle trajectories using cameras attached to drones at three real-world sites (producing 800 ft trajectories) and a helicopter at one site (producing 1.2 mi trajectories). This study used these datasets to develop a new microsimulation model trajectory-based calibration method and calibrated four urban freeway models: I-270, I-15, I-75, and I-95. Next, this study calibrated models of the same four sites using macroscopic data (e.g., average segment speed and throughout). Finally, this study compared the two methods’ calibration accuracy to understand the benefits of the trajectory-based calibration method. The experimental results provided evidence that analysts should not trust traditional calibration methods to produce models with realistic vehicle trajectories. However, explicit integration of trajectories into the calibration process (i.e., hybrid calibration methods) can significantly improve the modeled trajectories’ realism. Calibrated model results were most impressive at I-75, which is the only site that collected data via helicopter, yielding significantly longer trajectories.
War as the catalyst of nationalism, or, the demise of the Habsburg, Romanov and Ottoman empires
Authors: Amasyalı Emre , Hall John A.
Published: December 2022

Nationalism is often singled out as the powerful force that brought about the collapse of the last great land empires of the 19th and early 20th centuries. We offer a different picture: nationalism was weak before 1914, with war being caused by the fears of the great powers rather than pressures from below; crucially war was less an opportunity for pre-existing nationalists to seize than a maelstrom that created new identities.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Botulinum Toxin–Induced Blepharoptosis
Authors: Turkmani Mohammed G.
Published: December 2022

Blepharoptosis, or eyelid ptosis, is one of the most common significant potential side effects of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and is defined as drooping of the upper eyelid. Botulinum toxin injection to the pre-tarsal orbicularis oculi muscle for the correction of upper eyelid ptosis. We reviewed 2 patients with mild upper eyelid ptosis following BTX injection. The patients received pre-tarsal BTX injections via a transdermal approach. Signed consent was obtained from the patients for the publication of their case details and images. Ptosis was evaluated by measuring marginal reflex distance (MRD) values before and 2 weeks after treatment. The efficacy of the treatment was defined by improvement of more than 1 to 2 mm difference in MRD between the 2 eyes. The BTX injection is hypnotized to work by weakening the pre-tarsal orbicularis selectively, tending toward a balance of force favoring retraction. Botulinum toxin application to the pre-tarsal orbicularis was effective in raising the upper eyelid ptosis induced by BTX injection.
The Anglo-Dutch lake? Johannes de Laet and the ideological origins of the Dutch and English West Indies
Authors: Groesen Michiel van
Published: December 2022

This article explores the intellectual origins of the Anglo-Dutch Caribbean by focusing on the Leiden humanist Johannes de Laet (1581–1649). De Laet, born in the Southern Netherlands, had strong religious and kinship ties to the London merchant community. In the early 1620s, when he became one of the founding directors of the Dutch West India Company, his extensive intelligence network enabled him to develop into the leading chronicler of Dutch ambitions and achievements in the Atlantic world. De Laet's two main publications are contemporary masterpieces, but they are surprisingly underrepresented in current scholarship in Atlantic history, even though they are at the roots of the sugar and slave societies that the English established on Barbados and across the Caribbean from the 1640s onwards. English diplomats and intellectuals recognized the significance of De Laet's ideas. In September 1641, on the eve of the Civil War, Parliament invited the Leiden humanist to Westminster to instruct them in matters of trade and colonisation in the Western hemisphere.
The subjectification of the nineteenth-century maritime spectator: Shipboard diaries as maritime history
Authors: Jensz Felicity , Langeveld Eeva , Steltner Henrike , Krischer André
Published: December 2022

In contrast to shipboard journals of the eighteenth century, which often served the function of providing ‘objective’ information for scientific and political networks, shipboard diaries of the nineteenth century reveal a discursive change in which there is a subjectification of the journey. This subjectification, we argue, is evident in the ways in which fee–paying passengers used such diaries as a way to make sense of their experiences of being at sea. Here we examine the 1829 journal of James A. Gardner on his travels aboard a ship from Britain to Australia. We focus on how Gardner described trial scenes on board in the confined space of the ship and his fantasies of the potential of Australian land for settler–colonists. These two aspects of the subject–orientated nineteenth century shipboard diary illuminate how the sea influenced and nurtured contemporaneous British ideas of entertainment, moral codes and hierarchies, as well as colonial ideologies.
What is Inclusionary Economic Development—What if Employees Mattered?
Authors: Erickcek George A.
Published: December 2022

While several inclusionary economic development policies may appear similar to traditional economic development policies, they are different in focusing on four key concerns. First, they are more focused on creating greater economic opportunities for minorities and people struggling in poverty. Second, they promote policies that positively impact the economic and social well-being of future generations. Third, they encourage environmental and social sustainable development. Finally, the author argues that they should also concentrate on improving workplace conditions for all employees.
A centennial perspective on archeological research trends and contemporary needs for a vanishing Mississippi Delta
Authors: Helmer Matthew R , Chamberlain Elizabeth L , Mehta Jayur M
Published: December 2022

Archeological investigations of the Mississippi Delta (U.S.) are reaching the century mark and provide information relevant to Holocene settlement patterns and present-day issues of human adaptation to coastal change. This review synthesizes the history of archeological research over the last ~100 years in the Mississippi Delta, an area that is deteriorating at a historically unprecedented rate. Early 20th century investigations provided sketches of pre-contact Indigenous culture, and extensive yet destructive Great Depression-era federal projects created the foundations of Mississippi Delta archeology. We highlight the abundant and underutilized data generated by regulatory cultural resource surveys over the past 50 years and, most recently, salvage efforts for a vanishing coast. From this centennial perspective, we advise on future research directions and demonstrate how coupling archeology with emergent theory on human-natural systems, including ecosystem services, benefits land-management practices here and in other landscapes undergoing rapid 21st century environmental change.
Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Positive Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Munian Dinesh , Mukherjee Subhayan , Roy Oishik , Zaman Asraf Uz , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To evaluate clinical profiles of COVID-19 neonates and compare early onset (<7 days) vs late onset (≥7 days) COVID.

Methods:

Prospective observational study conducted among the neonates who were at risk or COVID-19 positive and who were admitted consecutively in one year (from June 2020 to May 2021) to evaluate their clinical status. At risk neonates underwent RT-PCR for oropharyngeal swab within 24 to 48 hours of life (inborn) or after admission (outborn).

Results:

Out of 351 at risk neonates, 106 babies came positive (early = 35.4% and late = 64.6%). Twelve (11.3%) cases were positive within 24 to 48 hours of life, indicating perinatal transmission. A total of 62 (58.4%) positive newborns were symptomatic. In their clinical course, there was Respiratory distress in 33(31.1%), diarrhoea in 7 (6.6%), poor feeding or lethargy in 24 (23.1%), fever in 19 (17.9 %) neonates. One baby developed COVID MIS-N. Early onset group was more symptomatic ( P value <.05) but late onset group had a longer hospital stay (Spearman’s rho <0.5) and increased duration of oxygen requirement ( t-test sig. [2-tailed] < 0.05).

Conclusion:

There is high incidence of perinatal transmission. Early onset group was more symptomatic but late onset group had increased duration of oxygen requirement and longer hospital stay.
Spurious capillary zone electrophoresis pattern in hypercholesterolemic dogs
Authors: Mangiagalli Giulia , Meazzi Sara , Giordano Alessia , Rossi Silvia
Published: December 2022

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a relatively new serum protein electrophoresis method with higher resolution than other electrophoretic techniques. Hypercholesterolemic dogs exhibit a peculiar CZE pattern. Specifically, they have a shoulder or peak immediately next to the albumin peak. We investigated the prevalence of this spurious peak in hypercholesterolemic dogs and its correlation with the serum cholesterol concentration. Moreover, possible discrepancies between the CZE and spectrophotometric (bromocresol green [BCG] method) albumin concentrations in those animals were evaluated, as well as the accuracy in measuring albumin by a different CZE fractionation system. We retrospectively enrolled 500 hypercholesterolemic and normotriglyceridemic dogs. Each electrophoretic curve was inspected visually to identify a spurious peak (prevalence of 68.8%). We chose 120 dogs to further investigate the albumin concentration; CZE albumin was significantly higher than measured using the BCG method. A weak but significant correlation ( r = 0.412; p <0.0001) was observed between the magnitude of the spurious peak and the serum cholesterol concentration. Finally, the significant difference between CZE and BCG albumin measurement disappeared ( p = 0.92) when the spurious peak was considered as α1-globulins instead of albumin.
Child Sexual Abuse, Alcohol and Other Drug use and the Criminal Justice System: The Meanings of Trauma in Survivor Narratives for a National Royal Commission
Authors: Treloar Carla , Idle Jan , valentine kylie
Published: December 2022

Adverse childhood experiences, including childhood sexual abuse, have significant immediate and lifelong effects including higher risks of alcohol and other drug use and contact with the criminal justice system. The concept of trauma to describe adverse experiences and later behaviours provides potential to reshape prevention and responses for victims. We draw on survivor accounts to a national enquiry, the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, to examine the ways in which trauma is narrated in adverse childhood experiences, alcohol and other drug use and contact with the criminal justice system, and how trauma is interpreted by others in the context of policy and legal findings. These accounts showed damaging and unjust experiences of childhood, which were compounded by subsequent contact with the criminal justice system. Trauma seems to be important to both the experienced narrated by survivors and the synthesising of these experiences into narratives. National enquiries play important roles in listening to survivors and advocating for reform. There is a risk, however, that they will fail to result in substantive change, and function primarily as a forum for bearing witness to trauma, but not preventing it.
Root Curvature in Non-Syndromic Oral Clefts: A Case-Control Study in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Lopes Gabriela dos Santos , Guimarães Laís , Nascimento Eduarda , Freitas Deborah Q. , Rebello Iêda , Medrado Alena P. , Coletta Ricardo D. , Reis Silvia R. A.
Published: December 2022

Objective

This study assesses the degree of root curvature in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P).

Design

Retrospective. Case-control study.

Setting

Root curvature was assessed in lower premolars and molars in 800 panoramic radiographs: 400 from patients with cleft and 400 from healthy control individuals. Root curvature was classified according to its angulation, as well as its apical, medial, or coronal localization.

Results

The frequency of mild curvature in the NSCL/P group compared to the control group was higher in premolars especially in the left second premolar in cleft palate (OR: 6.91; 95% CI: 3.23−14.77; P < .0001). The frequency of moderate curvature in molars was significantly higher in the cleft group, with the highest risk in the right first molar in the cleft lip group (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.67−4.52; P < .0001). Inclination was more frequently observed in the apical third of the root in the group with cleft, whereas for the control group, the curvature was more frequent in the medial third. In patients with cleft, the OR of curvature in the apical third was significant in premolars (left lower second premolar: Cleft lip, OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.04−3.52; P = .03; right lower second premolar: Cleft lip, OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.04−3.50; P = .03, cleft lip and palate, OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.12−2.73; P = .01).

Conclusion

The results of the current study indicate differences in root curvature in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate, which should be considered during the dental treatment planning of patients.
Sutimlimab: A Complement C1s Inhibitor for the Management of Cold Agglutinin Disease–Associated Hemolysis
Authors: Moore Donald C. , Arnall Justin R.
Published: December 2022

Objective:

To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, dosing and administration, and place in therapy of sutimlimab for the management of cold agglutinin disease (CAD)-associated hemolysis.

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed (1966-October 2022) was conducted using the keywords sutimlimab, BIVV009, and cold agglutinin. Data were also obtained from prescribing information, meeting abstracts, and clinicaltrials.gov.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All published prospective clinical trials, prescribing information, and meeting abstracts on sutimlimab for the treatment of CAD were reviewed.

Data Synthesis:

Sutimlimab is a first-in-class complement C1s inhibitor indicated for the treatment of CAD-associated hemolysis. This approval was based on the phase III CARDINAL trial, which evaluated sutimlimab in patients with CAD-associated hemolysis. The primary endpoint of achieving a hemoglobin of ≥12 g/dL or increase of ≥2 above baseline was achieved by 54% of patients with sutimlimab in the 26-week trial. The phase III CADENZA trial was a placebo-controlled trial in which sutimlimab has demonstrated a significant improvement in the composite endpoint of hemoglobin increase of ≥1.5 g/dL, avoidance of transfusion, and avoidance of additional CAD therapies (73% sutimlimab vs 15% placebo).

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison with Existing Drugs:

Sutimlimab rapidly halts hemolysis, improves hemoglobin, and improves quality-of-life in patients with CAD. Safety issues with sutimlimab include infusion-related reactions and risk of serious infections with encapsulated bacteria.

Conclusions:

Sutimlimab provides an additional therapeutic option in the treatment of CAD-associated hemolysis that can lead to rapid improvement in hemoglobin and anemia-related symptoms.
Pediatric T-cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma Diagnosed at Routine Adenoidectomy Specimen
Authors: Kara İlke , Ramadan Saime , Şenkal Evrim , Koçdor Pelin
Published: December 2022

Postoperative routine pathologic evaluation of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy specimens rarely reveals a diagnosis of malignancy. The object of this case report is to highlight this rare clinical occurrence. A 4-year-old boy presented with symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and had a history of recurrent tonsillitis. Physical examination revealed adenoid hypertrophy and Brodsky Grade 1 bilateral tonsillar hypertrophy. The patient underwent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. The adenoids were found to be MAGS Grade 4 (Modified Adenoid Grading System) hypertrophic causing 100% obstruction. After the histologic examination, T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma was diagnosed. Proper treatment allowed full recovery. Currently, no consensus has been made about routine pathological evaluation. To achieve a cost-effective and precautionary approach, we recommend pathological follow-up of cases with unusual intraoperative findings with/without clinical malignancy suspicion.
Diagnostic Significance of Ki67 Staining Pattern in Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: An Additional Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Doğukan Fatih Mert , Erdem Zeynep Betül
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors involve mainly neurofibromas, schwannomas, and their variants. Ki67 is a widely used immunohistochemical marker that predicts the proliferation rate of tumors including the nerve sheath-derived neoplasms and it is helpful to differentiate them from their malignant counterparts. However, Ki67 score is not used in distinction of the benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors types from each other. Our aim is to contribute to the literature by identifying the hypothesized specific Ki67 staining patterns of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Methods. Fifty-three tumors (distributed as follows: 26 schwannomas, 24 neurofibromas, and 3 hybrid schwannoma-neurofibroma tumors) from 49 patients were included in the study. Two researchers analyzed the slides independently. Tumors were classified according to their Ki67 staining patterns in 3 different groups: zonal (Z-Ki67), focal zonal or mixed (M-Ki67), and scattered Ki67 (S-Ki67). Results. There was a significant correlation among the types of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor and the Ki67 staining patterns ( P < .01). Level of inter-rater reliability was calculated as good (>0.7) and excellent (>0.8) according to 2 different calculations of kappa score. Conclusions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the Ki67 staining pattern may be used as an additional diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors.
Establishment and Validation of a Pathologic Upgrade Prediction Nomogram Model for Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia Patients After the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ruan Yejiao , Lu Guangrong , Zhu Yuesheng , Ma Xianhui , Shi Yuning , Zhang Xuchao , Zhu Zheng , Cai Zhenzhai , Xia Xuanping
Published: December 2022

Background

As yet, there is no unified method of treatment for the evaluation and management of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) worldwide.

Methods

Patients with gastric LGIN who had been treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication were gathered retrospectively. Based on several relevant characteristics described and analyzed by LASSO regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression, a prediction nomogram model was established. C-index, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were adopted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the model.

Results

A total of 309 patients with LGIN were randomly divided into the training groups and the validation groups. LASSO regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression identified that 6 variables including gender, size, location, borderline, number, and erosion were independent risk factors. The nomogram model displayed good discrimination with a C-index of .765 (95% confidence interval: .702-.828). The accuracy and reliability of the model were also verified by an AUC of .764 in the training group and .757 in the validation group. Meanwhile, the calibration curve and the DCA suggested that the predictive nomogram had promising accuracy and clinical utility.

Conclusions

A predictive nomogram model was constructed and proved to be clinically applicable to identify high-risk groups with possible pathologic upgrade in patients with gastric LGIN. Since it is regarded that strengthening follow-up or endoscopic treatment of high-risk patients may contribute to improving the detection rate or reducing the incidence of gastric cancer, the predictive nomogram model provides a reliable basis for the treatment of LGIN.
Differential Neutralization of Apixaban, Betrixaban, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban by Andexanet Alfa as Measured by Whole Blood Thromboelastographic Analysis
Authors: Mehrotra Siddharth , Hoppensteadt Debra , Jeske Walter , Siddiqui Fakiha , Iqbal Omer , Tafur Alfonso , Lewis Bruce , Jaradeh Mark , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Fareed Jawed
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The available oral anti-Xa agents are routinely used for the management of thrombotic disorders. A molecularly modified recombinant coagulation FXa, also known as Andexanet Alfa (AA), that has been developed as an antidote to neutralize the bleeding effects of oral FXa inhibitors, such as Apixaban and Rivaroxaban.

Materials and Methods

This study utilized thromboelastography (TEG 5000 Hemostasis System), to investigate the neutralizing effects of AA at different concentrations of oral FXa inhibitors measuring such parameters as R-Time, K-Time, Angle, and Max Amplitude (MA). Apixaban, Betrixaban, Edoxaban, and Rivaroxaban were obtained commercially in powdered form. Each of these drugs was supplemented with freshly drawn whole citrated blood at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. And subsequently mixed with AA at 50 or 100 μg/mL.

Results

At a concentration of 1 μg/mL, all FXa inhibitors produced variable anticoagulant effects in the order of Edoxaban > Betrixaban > Rivaroxaban > Apixaban. AA at 100 μg/mL produced a complete neutralization of these inhibitors whereas at 50 μg/mL relatively weaker neutralization as measured by various parameters.

Conclusion

These results suggest that regardless of the variable anticoagulant effects exhibited by the FXa Inhibitors, AA at FC = 100 μg/mL fully neutralized these agents as measured by the TEG parameters. AA was shown to be more effective in neutralizing Betrixaban and least effective in Apixaban. The neutralization of various FXa inhibitors was dose and donor-dependent warranting dosage adjustment for optimal outcomes.
Does Intraoperative Fibrinogen Affect Blood Loss or Transfusion Practice After Aortic Arch Surgery: A Prematurely Ended Randomized Trial
Authors: Vlot Eline A. , Hackeng Christian M. , Aper Stijn J.A. , Sonker Uday , Heijmen Robin H. , van Dongen Eric P.A. , Noordzij Peter G.
Published: December 2022

Cardiovascular surgery is often complicated by significant bleeding due to perioperative coagulopathy. The effectiveness of treatment with fibrinogen concentrate to reduce the perioperative blood transfusion rate after thoracic aortic replacement surgery in prior studies has shown conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to investigate if a single dose of intraoperative fibrinogen administration reduced blood loss and allogeneic transfusion rate after elective surgery for thoracic arch aneurysm with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Twenty patients were randomized to fibrinogen concentrate ( N = 10) or placebo ( N = 10). The recruitment of study patients was prematurely ended due to a low inclusion rate. Perioperative transfusion, 5-minute bleeding mass after study medication and postoperative blood loss were not different between the groups with fibrinogen concentrate or placebo. Due to small volumes of postoperative blood loss and premature study termination, a beneficial effect of fibrinogen concentrate on the number of blood transfusions could not be established. However, treatment with fibrinogen efficiently restored fibrinogen levels and clot strength to preoperative values with a more effective preserved postoperative thrombin generation capacity. This result might serve as a pilot for further multicenter studies to assess the prospective significance of automated and standardized thrombin generation as a routine assay for monitoring perioperative coagulopathy and its impact on short- and long-term operative results.
Adaptive time-delay estimation and control of optimized Stewart robot
Authors: Tajdari Farzam
Published: December 2022

Aiming at a more efficient and accurate performance of parallel manipulators in the existence of complex kinematics and dynamics, a robust generalizable methodology is proposed here for an integrated 6-DOF Stewart platform with rotary time-delayed actuators torque control. The suggested method employs a time-delay linear–quadratic integral regulator with online artificial neural network gain adjustment. The unknown time-delay is estimated through a novel robust adaptive estimator. The global asymptotic stability of the estimator is proved via a Lyapunov function. The controller is developed in MATLAB software and implemented on the robot designed in ADAMS software to ensure that the real-time tracking error of a nonlinear system with an unknown time-delay is kept to a minimum. The sensitivity of the controller to the parameter choices is studied via implementing the controller in ADAMS software and is validated by investigating the performance on a naturalistic fabricated robot. The approach is assessed using simulation and experimental tests to show the feasibility, optimum, and zero-error convergence of the technique developed.
The roles and impacts of worldviews in the context of meditation-related challenges
Authors: Lindahl Jared R. , Palitsky Roman , Cooper David J. , Britton Willoughby B.
Published: December 2022

Previous research has shown that worldviews can serve as a coping response to periods of difficulty or struggle, and worldviews can also change on account of difficulty. This paper investigates the impacts worldviews have on the nature and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, as well as how worldviews change or are impacted by such challenges. The context of meditation-related challenges provided by data from the Varieties of Contemplative Experience research project offers a unique insight into the dynamics between worldviews and meditation. Buddhist meditation practitioners and meditation experts interviewed for the study report how, for some, worldviews can serve as a risk factor impacting the onset and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, while, for others, worldviews (e.g., being given a worldview, applying a worldview, or changing a worldview) were reported as a remedy for mitigating challenging experiences and/or their associated distress. Buddhist meditation practitioners and teachers in the contemporary West are also situated in a cultural context in which religious and scientific worldviews and explanatory frameworks are dually available. Furthermore, the context of “Buddhist modernism” has also promoted a unique configuration in which the theory and practice of Buddhism is presented as being closely compatible with science. We identify and discuss the various impacts that religious and scientific worldviews have on meditation practitioners and meditation teachers who navigate periods of challenge associated with the practice.
Why do people participate in research interviews? Participant orientations and ethical contracts in interviews with victims of interpersonal violence
Authors: Bredal Anja , Stefansen Kari , Bjørnholt Margunn
Published: December 2022

Researchers are increasingly interested in why people want to participate in qualitative interview studies, particularly what they hope to gain from participating. The present paper contributes to this research agenda by analysing the motivations of victims of interpersonal violence: a group that is considered ethically challenging to involve in research, given their history of being intruded upon. The analysis is based on 174 qualitative interviews from three separate studies: two on intimate partner violence and one on sexual assault. A key finding is that many victims welcome the opportunity to participate and often use the interviews for their own purposes. We identified three different ‘participant orientations’, or ways victims relate to the interview and the research, including ‘telling for oneself’, ‘telling for others’ and ‘telling for the researcher’. We discuss how these orientations imply different ethical contracts between the participant and researcher and their links to recruitment methods.
What can explain the socio-economic gap in international student mobility uptake? Similarities between Germany, Hungary, Italy, and the UK
Authors: Schnepf Sylke V , Bastianelli Elena , Blasko Zsuzsa
Published: December 2022

International student mobility (ISM) prepares young people for the challenges of global and multicultural environments. However, disadvantaged students have lower participation rates in mobility schemes and, hence, benefit less from their positive impacts on career progression. Therefore, policymakers aim to make mobility programs more inclusive. Nevertheless, it is far from clear how policy design can achieve this aim. This study investigates factors driving inequality in international student mobility uptake. The study’s novelty is twofold: first, in contrast to most existing studies it does not only investigate individual but also university characteristics as possible drivers of unequal uptake. This is possible due to the use of rich graduate survey and administrative data merged with university-level European Tertiary Education Register (ETER) data. Second, the study compares results across four European countries. Results show that the socio-economic mobility gap remains still sizable even when taking university characteristics into account. However, universities matter considerably and especially student compositions in terms of socio-economic background and ability contribute to unequal ISM uptake. As a consequence, intergovernmental policies should aim to distribute grants and mobility opportunities more equally across all universities, independent of their student composition.
Transverse erythronychia: A unique nail manifestation of COVID-19 infection and brief review of COVID-19 associated nail changes
Authors: Sil Abheek , Ghosh Shouvik , Das Anupam , Chandra Atanu
Published: December 2022

Over the past 2 years, a plethora of mucocutaneous manifestations have been described to be associated with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Nail changes attributed to COVID-19 have rarely been documented in the literature. We describe here a unique nail finding ‘transverse erythronychia’ due to COVID-19 and review the literature on the diverse nail pathology attributed to the disease.
Use of Intravascular Lithotripsy in Heavily Calcified Renal Artery Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Vancampenhout Yannick , Kerselaers Laura , Aerden Dimitri , Gallala Sarah , Debing Erik
Published: December 2022

Heavily calcified arterial lesions are difficult to treat in an endovascular manner with conventional techniques due to limited arterial compliance. Intravascular lithotripsy offers a novel minimally invasive therapeutic option through endovascular emission of acoustic waves, fracturing calcium deposits and facilitating lesion dilation. We present the case of a successful application of the Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy system (IVL®, Shockwave Medical Inc) in a heavily calcified stenosis of the right renal artery in a patient with a coral reef aorta.
Rescue of inadvertent superior sagittal sinus occlusion during middle meningeal artery embolization
Authors: Housley Steven B , Cappuzzo Justin M , Waqas Muhammad , Lim Jaims , Levy Elad I
Published: December 2022

Middle meningeal artery embolization is increasingly becoming popular in the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas. The safety and efficacy of the procedure has previously been demonstrated in the literature; however, complications do arise from time to time. Here we present the case of an elderly gentleman who experienced inadvertent embolization of the superior sagittal sinus through an occult arteriovenous fistula between the middle meningeal artery and the superior sagittal sinus. Multiple rescue techniques including aspiration and stent retriever thrombectomy were performed with restoration of venous flow and an overall optimal result.