bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forsøgs- og udviklingsprogrammer i dansk idrætspolitik
Authors: Ibsen Bjarne
Published: February 2018

Danish sports policy is primarily aimed to support sports clubs and organizations economically and making sports facilities available to associations. Over the past three decades, however, this policy has been supplemented by state experimental and development programs. In the first wave of experimental programs in the 1980s the purpose of the programs was to stimulate experimental and innovative thinking, and the long term goal of a program was to change legislation and administration in accordance with experience of the program. Therefore, the programs were also thoroughly evaluated. Experimental and development programs were part of a decentralization ideal that can be described as communitarian. This first wave of experimental programs in the 1990s was gradually replaced by more targeted and government-controlled programs, which are more aimed at improving performance in specific areas and providing political posturing. This new type of development program is better characterized by liberal and economically oriented management ideals (New Public Management). A number of evaluations of these programs and projects show that they rarely live up to their own goals and expectations. At the same time, the evaluations are often insufficient to become wiser on the projects positive and negative experiences. At the end of the article the author suggests, that experimental and development programs to a greater extent are aimed to test – and investigate – alternative solutions to society’s diverse problems.
Tävlandet inom idrotten
Authors: Hjelm Jonny
Published: February 2018

The article describes and analyses the behavioral science research on sport in Sweden and how “competitive sport” was treated between 1970 and 2010, as “modern sport” came to be called in Sweden. The point of departure is that sports researchers have not only analyzed but also influenced how sport in associations and schools has developed. In modern society men and women in science have a legitimacy and authority that give them good opportunities to influence opinions and concrete policies. The article describes the fundamental criticism that Swedish sports researchers for 40 years have directed at competition in sport. It is also shown that this criticism has been accompanied by a very positive description of other forms of sport, including games. The article concludes, with a critical examination of the sports researchers’ analysis of “competitive sport”, among other things their superficial understanding of “competition” and the lack of analyses and problematisations of informal competitions.
“Du kan ikke købe dig til noget, du ikke er” – om aftalte resultater blandt danske cykelryttere
Authors: Hjørngaard Martin Wang
Published: February 2018

Wind resistance is the primary external factor riders have to overcome in cycling. In order to share this burden members of opposing teams often cooperate e.g. to secure the existence of a breakaway. To avoid free-riders a tacit social contract of sharing the work-load is formed among the riders in question. Taking its point of departure in qualitative interviews with Danish elite cyclists, this article demonstrates how the social contract sometimes becomes explicit and an agreement of the podium placing is formed between riders in the final break-away before they arrive at the finish line. The article examines riders’ explanations of and attitudes to these arrangements, and it discusses to what extent the arrangements can be understood as match-fixing. While the available evidence suggests that the arrangement are best understood as an integrated element of cycling culture with a purpose of upholding a certain social order, the article also demonstrates how the social contract and the accompanying agreements implies a corruption of the sport in germ form. On this basis the article concludes that it is only the sport’s culture and individual riders’ self-discipline that can
Forord
Authors: Jensen Jens-Ole , Madsen Bo Vestergård , Larsen Signe Højbjerre
Published: February 2018

Indledning til antologien.
Out-standing! Om Dansk Tennis Club og tennisspilleren Leif Rovsing
Authors: Kural René
Published: February 2018

Out-standing! Danish Tennis Club and the Tennis Player Leif RovsingOn April 13, 1917 the Danish newspaper B.T. published an article about the nationally renowned Danish tennis player, Leif Rovsing, who was planning to build a magnificent tennis hall. Personally funding the project, he referred to the tennis hall as a ‘World-Sports-Establishment’ to be built on land he had found close to Copenhagen. On May 5, 1917 the Danish Football Association (DBU) excluded Rovsing from all clubs under their auspices and banned him from participating in all Danish tournaments due to “presumed homosexuality”. This was the starting point for Rovsing to realise the dream he had described in B.T. In cooperation with architect Henry Madsen he built the out-standing tennis hall, Dansk Tennis Club. From an architectural point of view, the 43,5 m long and 23,5 m wide tennis hall is an original piece of sports architecture worldwide, with its smallmuntined windows, providing the hall with an intake of daylight, which sheds a soft parallel light over the courts without blinding the players. The hall also came into being with a gentleman’s study, plush sofas, china over the doors, and wall decorations from Egypt and Bali. It is these unexpected juxtapositions that made Dansk Tennis Club so unusual at the time – and to this day.
Fodbold i Tanzania. Fodboldkamp i Nyanguge mellem skolen Lugeye og Nyanguge
Authors: Gormsen Lisbeth
Published: February 2018

En anekdote fra en overværelse af en skolefodboldkamp i Tanzania med perpsketivering til fodboldens historie og rolle i Tanzania samt resten af Afrika.
Idrættens og sportens socialhistorie i Århus ca. 1880 til i dag. Et igangværende projekt
Authors: Hansen Jørn
Published: February 2018

En beskrivelse af en socialhistorisk tilgang til lokalhistoriske studier af Århus' arbejde med udvikling af idræt og sport. Århus bruges som en afspejling af resten af landets idrætshistorie.
"…og en lille svingom…" - træk af idrætslivet i Herslev
Authors: Nielsen Niels Kayser
Published: February 2018

Artiklen giver et indblik i idrætslivet i Herslev set i et idrætshistorisk perspektiv.
Bibliografi
Authors: Jørgensen Ida , Trangbæk Else
Published: February 2018

Bibliografi
Viden om fodbold
Authors: Hansen Anny Hedegaard
Published: February 2018

Anmeldelse af Karl Christensen: Fodboldspillet - teori, historie og fascination, Århus
Bevægelse som et læringsudvidende felt
Authors: Rau Stefan Runge
Published: February 2018

Artiklens formål er at undersøge, hvordan bevægelse som en integreret del i folkeskoleundervisningen kan øge læringsmulighederne hos elever med lav kulturel kapital. Med teoretisk bidrag fra Pierre Bourdieu og Annette Lareau undersøger artiklen, hvorledes traditionel, stillesiddende undervisning kan gøre skolelivet svært for elever med en bestemt opvækst. Endvidere vises det, hvorledes det øgede fokus på bevægelse i undervisningstiden skaber nye læringsmuligheder ved at ændre på feltet og dertilhørende regler og koder. Ved at se ind i både sociologien og psykologien diskuterer artiklen slutteligt, om mere bevægelse i undervisningen er entydigt positivt.
Velkommen til årgang 2018, og tak for et forrygende 2017!
Authors: Storm Rasmus K. , Vanges Oliver , Lange Peter Jul
Published: February 2018

Det er nu et år siden, at Forum for Idræt lancerede sin online satsning via tidsskrift. dk. Det har været forrygende. Redaktionen er stolte over den markante stigning i interessen, der har været for at indlevere artikelforslag. Hele 12 accepterede artikler er blevet uploadet gennem 2017, mens flere er under bedømmelse eller er i pipeline til at blive publiceret. Denne editorial giver en status over 2017, og ser frem mod 2018.
Gymnastik og opdragelse
Authors: Trangbæk Else
Published: February 2018

Artiklen analyserer idealet inden for tysk, svensk og dansk gymanstik i et idrætshistorisk perspektiv og ser på gymnastikkens faser fra år 1800 og frem til i dag.
Et tilbageblik
Authors: Gotved Helle
Published: February 2018

En fortælling om gymnastik og gymanstikkens historie.
Det olympiske og det barbariske
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: February 2018

Artiklen ser på spændingsfeltet mellem den olympiske sport og de mere folkelige bevægelseskulturer samt på identitetsspørgsmålet i forskellige idrætsgrene, herunder bl.a. dansen med capoeira som eksempel.
Gymnastik og sport - det borgerlige samfund og industrisamfundet?
Authors: Hansen Jørn
Published: February 2018

Gymnastikken og sportens udvikling i 19. og 20. århundrede. Artiklen ser på forskellene og lighederne mellem de to legemskulturer i forhold til bl.a. deres historie og organisering.
Pengene eller livet - om offentlig støtte til skyttebevægelsen i 1800-tallet
Authors: Nielsen Niels Kayser
Published: February 2018

En gennemgang af skyttebevægselsens organisering med særligt fokus på skytteforeningernes økonomiske tilskud og politiske opbakning i det 19. århundrede.
Den levende handling - Niels Bukh
Authors: Damkjær Søren
Published: February 2018

Med reference til de grundtvigianske højskolers levende ord beskrives Niels Bukhs brug af 'den levende handling' i relation til (folke)idrætten.
Vækkelsesprædikanten Kaptajn Jespersen mellem kald og videnskab
Authors: Bonde Hans
Published: February 2018

En biografisk skildring af Kaptajn Jespersen, der var leder for af morgen-radiogymnastikken 1927-1952, og hans virke inden for sportens verden, herunder hans syn på sport i relation til religion og sundhed.
Det springende punkt i engelsk gymnastikhistorie
Authors: Borup-Nielsen Grå
Published: February 2018

En biografi om den første mandlige gymnastikinspektør i England, danskeren H.G. Junker, der underviste i den svenske Ling-gymnastik omkring år 1900.
At danse identiteten. Fra inuitlege til ø-lympiade - og tilbage til fremtiden
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: February 2018

Med udgangspunkt i trommedansen som genre belyser artiklen forholdet mellem dans og identitet i forskellige kontekster.
Den gule bølge. Judo mellem eksoticering og sportificering
Authors: Bonde Hans
Published: February 2018

En analyse af den japanske kampsport filosofiske grundlag med bl.a. judo som eksempel og med sammenligning med den vestlige sport.
Kroppen som basis. Paradigmeskifte i kultursociologien om sport, ursport og oprindelse
Authors: Eichberg Henning
Published: February 2018

Artiklen omhandler kultursociologiske adfærdsobservationer af chimpanser samt videnskabelig diskussion af sport og dans.
Selvkontrollen i sportspykologiens historie
Authors: Pedersen Inge Kryger
Published: February 2018

Historisk gennemgang af selvkontrollens rolle i sporten eksemplificeret ved cykelsporten, herunder med fokus på bl.a. de mentale og fysiske forudsætninger for succes.
L'hombre - eller upåagtede handlinger af gode danske mænd
Authors: Møller Jørn
Published: February 2018

Biografi om tre forholdsvis ukendte personer i dansk idrætshistorie; Edward Carstensen, Thor Lange og Fr. Knudsen.
Idræt og oplysning - Litteraturorientering
Authors: Hansen Jørn , Nielsen Niels Kayser
Published: February 2018

Litteraturorientering.
Ny viden om erhvervsuddannelser 2015
Authors: Koudahl Peter , Hansen Gro Inge , Mehlsen Camilla , Juni Maj
Published: February 2018

Intet
Udsyn og perspektiv - om erhvervsuddannelsernes internationale innovationslegat
Authors: Holm Pernille Bystrup , Magnussen Lisbeth
Published: February 2018

Intet
Implementering af evidensbaseret praksis - et innovationsprojekt mellem teori og praksis
Authors: Scheel Linda Schumann , Hansen Ida Rode
Published: February 2018

Intet
Præsentation ...
Authors: Bilde Per , Geertz Armin W. , Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

... af RvTs temanummer om fortællingen og det religiøse sprog.
Ex cathedra/Ex auditorio
Authors: Davidsen Ole
Published: February 2018

In his dissertation “Den Kristne Grundfortælling” (The Fundamental Christian Story), Svend Bjerg undertakes the task of defending a thesis according to which Christianity and theology, in a fundamental sense, depend upon the use of “story” (or: narrative). True to his convictions Bjerg argues that theological reflections should be based on the stories themselves, in the last instances on the fundamental Christian story. Only by such an anchorage will be able to avoid free-floating theology.In his examination – ex auditorio – the author does not raise objections to this thesis, but criticizes Bjerg for lacking a determination of what “the fundamental Christian story” is, which is defined as an actually available story. The fundamental story of Christianity, i.e. that Christian story – among others – which forms the foundation of Christianity, and, subsequently, constitutes the basis of a solid theology, is never pointed out. So, Bjerg has – ex cathedra – postulated that theology depends on “story”, but he has not been able to prove it.
Historien og fortællingen
Authors: Bilde Per
Published: February 2018

In his doctoral dissertation, “Den Kristne Grundfortælling” (The Fundamental Christian Story), Svend Bjerg pleads for the intimate connexion between Christianity and narrative. Christian belief is created by narrative, and the New Testament texts have to be understood as narrative, and treated as such. At the same time Historical Criticism of the Bible is rejected as a false way of treating Biblical narrative.In his article, the author proves that Svend Bjerg uses the category “story” with so wide a content that is loses its value as a concise category. Secondly, he shows that Svend Bjerg’s picture of Historical Criticism is not adequate. He critizises Svend Bjerg’s contraposition of story and history and he demonstrates how Svend Bjerg himself is unwilling to draw the consequences of his own view of Historical Criticism. The contraposition of story and history, therefore, is not helpful.
De fremmede, Det Gamle Testamente, vi
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

On the basis of examples of attitudes towards foreigners in the Old Testament, the internal tension between a tendency to eliminate the differences between Israel and foreigners and an insistence on maintaining the fundamental distance between Israel and foreigners, even in eschatological perspective, is presented. The a priori assumption of the Israelitic understanding of themselves is not a differentiation between nature and culture (between non-human and the human), but between the human in general and the specifically Israelitic. This difference cannot be transgressed without the break-down of the Israelitic system. Identity is understood here as establishing differences. But the dialectic between the Old Testament beginnings which are negated by the history of Israel, continues in the New Testament which negates the history of Israel and yet which allows the Old Testament to remain as an equal part of the canon. The practical universalism (modernism) of the Western world and the eradication of ethnic differences is thereby partly anticipated as a problematic in the Christian canon and partly given an important corrective.
Om billedforbud - et indlæg til samtalen om videnskabelighed og engagement
Authors: Kjärgaard Mogens Stiller
Published: February 2018

Et indlæg til samtalen om videnskabelighed og engagement mellem Per Bilde og Kirsten Nielsen
Kristendommen er ikke nogen "stor fortælling"
Authors: Jensen Hans J. Lundager
Published: February 2018

H.J.L. Jensen: “Christianity is not a ‘great narrative’. A structural note on a typology of universal narratives” and P. Aa. Brandt: “Narrative and linguistic event. Comments on H.J.L. Jensen’s structural note”.Jean-François Lyotard has recently focused on the demise of the “great narratives”. But what is the nature of these narratives? Jensen’s note establishes an inventory of 8 types of “universal narratives” based on three axes: A) fall vs. erection, B) mythology vs. eschatology, and C) human vs. inhuman. The “great narrative” can be characterized as a “human-erective-eschatology” whereas the core of the Christian narrative is “inhuman-erective-mythology”. The 8 types can as well be coordinated or embedded in different ways.In his comment, Brandt reformulates Jensen’s conclusions into a semiotic, generative theory of narrative sequence which involves three levels: 1) Jensen’s (A) is related to the actantial level, 2) his (B) to the discursive level, and 3) his (C) to the enunciative level. The 8 types can be rearranged in the light of the theory of speech-acts in which the addressed is attributed a lack (or deficiency?) either in the present or the future. This provides two main types of “narrative linguistic events”: the promise, which  moves from the dysphoric present to the euphoric future; and the threat, which moves from the euphoric present to the dysphoric future. These linguistic events are embedded in narrative sequences. Religion as preaching is a combination of promise and threat which cannot avoid “narrativising” the addressed in the small, but tendentious, as well as in the great narratives.Hans J. Lundager Jensen og Per Aage Brandt
Fortælling og sproghandling
Authors: Brandt Per Aage
Published: February 2018

H.J.L. Jensen: “Christianity is not a ‘great narrative’. A structural note on a typology of universal narratives” and P. Aa. Brandt: “Narrative and linguistic event. Comments on H.J.L. Jensen’s structural note”.Jean-François Lyotard has recently focused on the demise of the “great narratives”. But what is the nature of these narratives? Jensen’s note establishes an inventory of 8 types of “universal narratives” based on three axes: A) fall vs. erection, B) mythology vs. eschatology, and C) human vs. inhuman. The “great narrative” can be characterized as a “human-erective-eschatology” whereas the core of the Christian narrative is “inhuman-erective-mythology”. The 8 types can as well be coordinated or embedded in different ways.In his comment, Brandt reformulates Jensen’s conclusions into a semiotic, generative theory of narrative sequence which involves three levels: 1) Jensen’s (A) is related to the actantial level, 2) his (B) to the discursive level, and 3) his (C) to the enunciative level. The 8 types can be rearranged in the light of the theory of speech-acts in which the addressed is attributed a lack (or deficiency?) either in the present or the future. This provides two main types of “narrative linguistic events”: the promise, which moves from the dysphoric present to the euphoric future; and the threat, which moves from the euphoric present to the dysphoric future. These linguistic events are embedded in narrative sequences. Religion as preaching is a combination of promise and threat which cannot avoid “narrativising” the addressed in the small, but tendentious, as well as in the great narratives.Hans J. Lundager Jensen og Per Aage Brandt
Ægteskabet mellem Himmel og Helvede
Authors: Petersen Hans Alstrup
Published: February 2018

Inspired by Georges Bataille’s heterology and Roland Barthes’ sequential reading-procedure this article presents a close reading of The Ring, the last story in Karen Blixen’s/Isak Dinesen’s Anecdotes of Destiny (1958). Following the story step by step especial interest is shown to its topography: the paradigmatic articulation of a cryptic, sacred place – which is also the woman’s place – where the fundamental heterogeneity of the text is figured in a passionate pantomime. The article emphasizes the intimate relationship between literature and religion – and the way the text communicates not primarily a meaning or a message, but more fundamentally – with the reader’s passion.
Anmeldelser
Authors: Andersen Vagn , Bilde Per , Ingesman Per , Riis Ole , Schjødt Jens Peter , Steensgaard Peter , Aagaard Anna Marie
Published: February 2018

-
Kan forskning og formidling adskilles?
Authors: Jacobi Finn
Published: February 2018

What is going on when you try to understand a text? The hermeneutic problem is a favourite subject in systematic theology. But paradoxically the exegetic disciplines seem to ignore it. Here the text is still considered an object, which can be studied without any reference to the exegete’s personal experience of life. The author’s thesis, borrowed from Heidegger and those influenced by him such as Bultmann and Gadamer, is that the understanding of the past (and documents related to the past) is only possible if you are engaged in the problems of your own time. The understanding moves in a circle. You understand the present if you see it in the light of the past, and the past becomes meaningful if you interpret it in relation to your present situation.
Syndebukke i Gammel Testamente
Authors: Nielsen Kirsten
Published: February 2018

The French anthropologist René Girard is known for his theory of the unanimous victimage as the generative mechanism of all religions and social institutions. According to Girard the function of this mechanism is to stop the crisis by sacrificing one person, the scapegoat.This article gives a short introduction to Girard and discusses whether the Deuteronomistic History should be read as a hunting of scapegoats. The answer is yes, but it is shown that a great number of Old Testament texts react strongly against this cruel and arbitrary treatment of the innocent: The Book of Jonah, Gen 22, Ps 22, The Book of Job and Isa 53. In these texts the scapegoat is saved and the reader knows his innocence.Texts like these may be read as a protest against the Deuteronomistic understanding of History as a clear and righteous system, where God rewards all good and punishes all evil. And it is suggested that one of the consequences of the discovery of this victimage mechanism is that it is not only a historical, but also an ethical question whether the readers trust the historicity of texts giving words to the cries of innocent victims in the past. Trusting their suffering is the only way to do them justice today.
Ligger Skærsilden på vejen fra byen til Himlen?
Authors: Bay Ole
Published: February 2018

The article presents the work of the French historian Jacques Le Goff centred on his 1981 study on the birth of the Purgatory. Though working within a largely Marxist conception of class structure, his main interest has always been the history of mentalities, which he increasingly threats in an approach inspired by Michel Foucault. His main interest has been the interaction of the development of the towns in the Middle Ages with the institutions of the Christian religion. The Purgatory, which represented an intermediate, measurable punishment between Heaven and Hell, he sees as a part of the Church’s reaction to the new morality of the cities. It now gave hope for Salvation for increasingly prominent urban sins like usury by punishing it not by total damnation, but by a limited, though certainly painfully long, stay in Purgatory.
Evangeliefortællingens udsigelse
Authors: Davidsen Ole
Published: February 2018

Inspired by the work of A. J. Greimas and Claude Bremond the article presents an elementary definition of the enunciation of the narrative, its narration:1)      The narrator (enunciator) seeks to give the narratee (enunciate) an idea of a state of being and/or of an action.2)      The subject of being for this state/action is the narrator, the narratee or a third person3)      The responsible subject of doing for this state/action is the narrator, the narratee, the third person A or a fourth person B.A narrative, in the strict sense of this word, is a storytelling discourse, where neither the narrator nor the narratee is performing as subject of being and/or as subject of doing. Furthermore is the action closed, the narrator informs about events, which have taken place. The gospel of Mark can be viewed as a narrative in this sense, since neither the narrator Mark, nor his implied reader, is performing at the stage of its enunciate. The gospel narrative informs about many states and Actions, but the main theme is the realization of the kingdom of God, an action for which God ultimately is the responsible subject of doing (the fourth person B). Now the question is: “Whom is the subject of being favoured by this action?” In the first place the answer must be the third person A, the baptized or the chosen, i.e. persons performing in the enunciate of the narrative. But if the gospel is good news, then the narratee must see himself designated as a favoured subject of being, and another question arises: “How does the narration connect the narrative world with the reality of the reader?! It seems that such a connection can have a bearing upon time, place and/or person, and in the case of the gospel narrative it is upon time. The main action, the realization of the kingdom of God, is not finished in the story world, but will reach its end in the world of the reader (cf. the parable of the wicked husbandmen). By the establishment of this metonymical intercourse, the narration is symbolizing or semiotizing the reader, who receives his Christian identity and being from the narrative.
Nyt fra religionspsykologien
Authors: Nørager Troels
Published: February 2018

This article is a review of the two recent and highly significant contributions to the existing literature on the psychology of religion. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion is criticized for its tendency to restrict the field to psychological approaches that can be tested empirically. In marked contrast to this, David Wulff's comprehensive landmark presentation of what might - William James in memoriam - aptly  be called "The arieties of the Psychology of Religion", sees the diversity of opinions and approaches as a positive (and in any event inevitable) result of the influence of "the personal factor". No doubt, Wulff's Psychology of Religion: Classic and Contemporary Views will for decades stand out as the introduction to a complex, highly problematic but at the same time fascinating field of research.
Om polemik og apologetik / Mystik / At indkredse begrebet mystik
Authors: Geertz Armin W. , Pedersen Else Marie Wiberg , Aktor Mikael
Published: February 2018

3 debatartikler, der tager udgangspunkt i Else Marie wiberg Pedersens "kritik" af Mystik - Den indre vej?
Diskurs-begrebet i religionshistorisk kontekst
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

The aim of the present article is to show how discourses can be seen as the subject matter for the historian of religions, drawing on structuralist and hermeneutic approaches. Despite different positions both approaches point to the topic of discourse as the field of investigation. In this article a discourse is understood as a ramework defining the conditions and possibilities of the creation of meaning within the confines of a communicative group. these religious groups, and their concomitant religious discourses, demarcate themselves vis-a-vis one another by referring to a transcendent reality, each through a specific representative. In ancient Greece, for example, Homer and  Orpheus, the inspired poets, count as authorities of two different discourses, the source material of which is available in the text groups presented in the names of these poets. The task is to account for the process of transformation as the outcome of different interacting discourses and the continuous reinterpretation within each. Hence, the paradigmatic shift from mythos to logos is to be seen from this angle and not in the perspective if different mentalities. The analysis of discourse is directed toward the historic situation and the texts themselves, not towards types of imagination defined a priori.
Svar på Per Bildes "uofficielle opposition"
Authors: Hansen Bent Smidt
Published: February 2018

n/a
Det muslimske brorskap i Egypten
Authors: Blichfeldt Jan-Olaf
Published: February 2018

When, after the first World War, the Association of Muslim Brothers was formed, it soon established itself as the largest movement among the political Islamic groups in the country. Hasan al-Banna, originally a teacher, founded the Association in Ismailia as a religious society in 1928. In 1939, however, the Brotherhood came to be a political organization, and began to participate in various political campaigns. Having as one of their main tenets that everything foreign to the recognized teachings of Islam ought to be abandoned, the brothers fought the British role in Egypt as well as the Jewish settlements in Palestine. Up to the revolution of the 23rd of July, 1952, their political activity increased considerably, conspiring at the same time with both the regime and its opponents. In 1954 the new government decided to dissolve the Brotherhood, and during the next twenty years, they were intensively harassed and out in jail. From the mid-seventies the Brothers began to be released and were even permitted to resume their activities as a religious society.’Both during the time of Hasan al-Banna and in recent years the political confrontation between the Brotherhood and the regime has frequently been characterized by a well-founded literary propagandism. That is, various kinds of books, magazines and pamphlets which in a politically exaggerated form either defend the existing regime or oppose it. As to the former, it is – in addition to the more ordinary presentation of the government’s political positions and future plans – very much occupied with defining the concept of practical Islam by emphasizing its cultural achievements of the past while at the same time limiting its present role to be basically individual and spiritual. Reversibly, the opposition literature is agitating by means of claiming various political implementation of Islam. It has two basic approaches. There is the more direct mode where arguments of rejection, mocking and damnation are propagated by comparing the day-to-day political events with ideal Islam. Then there is the more indirect kind, which compares the contemporary situation with the hardship and suppression which, according to the Islamic Tradition, are one of the signs that the final battle against evil accompanied by the Last Judgement, is immanent.More significant, however, is the fact that this trend of spreading agitative literature seems to indicate the kind of adapted political profilation which the Muslim Brotherhood has sought to establish, defining itself both as a legitimate and oppositional movement between the government on the one side, and the remaining activist groups, such as Takfir al-hidjra, on the other.
Fugleofre og renhed i en anatolsk kontekst
Authors: Carstens Pernille
Published: February 2018

In Hittite and Hurrian purification rites the use of birds is frequent; both in an Anatolian and in a Near Eastern and Eastern Miditerranean context. There is a special group of rituals, the so-called bird rituals; these rituals concern the removal of evil and impurity from the birth-stool, which is to be used by the pregnant woman. The bird's blood can be smeared on things and persons who need to be purified; the birds are also used in waving-rituals to remove the evil.These rituals have traditionally been classified as Hurrian. It seems more likely, however, that the contact between north and south Anatolian has been earlier than expected. The existence of birds characterizes the ritual as a rite of purification, which obviously does not imply that the rite has its origin in the Kizzuwatna area (which is Hurrian).As a result of an examination of different ritual texts a concept of purity can be defined: parkui- means clean and pure and makes sense both in a ritual and a physical meaning. The owman giving birth is parkui-, since she has been washed. šuppi- means pure, too, but only in a ritual context; it is very close to the meaning of "holy".The article shows, by a brief interpretation of the Telepinu myth, a close connection between different ritual acts such as elimination and rites of purification. The same appears to be tthe case concerning evocation and rites of purification. Generally, the aim of the rites is to establish normality and stability in everyday life.
Renhed, ritual og samfund hos Mary Douglas
Authors: Aktor Mikael
Published: February 2018

“Purity, Ritual and Society According to Mary Douglas: A problematization inspired by some recent post-structuralist critiques”. Mary Douglas’ two pioneering books, Purity and Danger and Natural Symbols, were together a major break-through in the study of religions. Today, when post-structuralist voices are heard more and more clearly, also in this discipline, it is, however, time for a rethinking of her hypotheses. The present article attempts particularly to account for two such critiques. One is the objection against the linguistic paradigm and specially against its separation between thought and act, meaning and ritual. On the basis of the criticisms of Talal Asad, Catherine Bell and others (and referring back to philosophy of language) purity is instead seen as a felicity condition of ritual action, practice or agency. The other critique is based on phenomenology of perception and is directed at the fundamental distinction in Douglas’ social symbolism between an undifferentiated experience and a conceptual ordering. This distinction is a misrepresentation of Gestalt psychology according to Ariel Glucklich who, instead, develops a phenomenological definition of purity as ‘resonance’ between the ritual’s mythical narrative and the sensory experience of its performance.
Simeons døde hund
Authors: Graarup Kasper
Published: February 2018

Symeon of Emesa is a holy fool. When holy fools appear in public, they behave as if they were mad, but at night when they are alone with God, they act as "normal" ascetics: they pray and cry and prostate themselves. When Symeon came to Emesa, he tied a dead dog to his belt and dragged it through the city gate. In my view, Symeon with his dead dog and idiotic and enigmatic behaviour is to be understood in relation to the passion of Christ. Holy foolishness is an ascetic practice, which is located and performed in the moral wilderness of the city. When anchoritic practices of asceticism take place in the physical wilderness of the desert or other remote (from civilisation) regions, the ascetic role model is Jesus in the desert. When the ascetic is a holy fool of the city, the model is Jesus in Jerusalem. When the anchoritic ascetics perform, their bodies, as well as their environment (the desert), are functioning as graphic and physical testimonies to the anchorites' virtuous souls. When the holy fools perform, their bodies are similarly a part of the fluid vanity of their environment: the city. But neither city nor body has any graphic equivalence to the holy fool's soul, which is the direct opposite of his body. The dog belonging to Simeon of Emesa is to be understood in the light of this relationship between soul and body, i.e.,  the dog is to be understood in relation to Christian virtues regarding asceticism, in particular holy foolishness. The significance of the dog does not necessarity depend on internal references to neither cynicism, as Derek Krueger would maintain, nor to Greek or Egyptian gods, as is the opinion of Ewald Kislinger. The dead dog is a symbol of Symeon's dead body.
Riter og myter i vedisk tradition - et forsknings-historisk perspektiv
Authors: Sand Erik Reenberg
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to review the role of the relation between myths and rituals in the research carried out with regard to the Vedic ritual. In this connection it was found that, apart from the myths about the creation of Prajapati, both indological and religio-historical research were generally characterized by a very little interest in myths. In fact, most of the indological research has been either purely descriptive or historically speculative. One of the only exceptions to this is a Danish dissertation by a pupil of Vilhelm Grønbech, Leo Buschardt, who tried to reconstruct a ritual drama in connection with the Vedic soma ritual. Buschardt's work, however, has been critized for being too hypothetical and reductionistic, and the article concludes that the myths of the Brahmanas for the most part cannot be read like 'primitive' ritual legends, but should rather be understood as theological and exegetical instrument of the later Vedic ritual specialists.
Magi og effikacitet - en kognitiv tilgang
Authors: Sørensen Jesper
Published: February 2018

The aim of this article is to discuss the issue of ritual efficacy in the light of recent research in cognitive science and anthropology. It is claimed that the issue of ritual efficacy is directly related both to the establishment of ritual as en emic and an ethic category of actions, and to the criteria of rationality utilised on the judgement of ritual actions. The basic question is how ritual actions are distinguished from non-ritual actions and how this distinction influences judgements of the efficacy and entailments of actions. Possible answers to this problem are subsequently used to discuss the classic question concerning the relation between myth and ritual.
Forord
Authors: Riis Anita Holm
Published: February 2018

-
Fortolkningen af forhistorien
Authors: Warburton David
Published: February 2018

The study of prehistoric religion is shrouded in difficulties inherent to any disclipline dealing with the expression of concepts prior to the invention of writing. Archaeological investigations have revealed evidence of cult activities dating back to at least 8000 B.C., but the interpretation of these activities has been inhibited by difficulties in the development of archaeological theory as well as religion. Until recently, prehistoric archaeological theory avoided the issue of religion, concentrating on typology and function. Excavations and interpretations are largely influenced by prevailing theory, and these decisively influence the capacity of those interested in religion to interpret archaeological material. The same danger arises when archaeologists attempt to interpret archaeological material in conceptual terms familiar to students of comparative religion, as they are obliged to draw on existing theory to define the new approach to prehistoric religion. The material is simply exposed to a new approach.The situation was quite different for historical archaeology where gods and temples were present from the beginning. Symbols and writing were so common as hardly to attract attention. In fact, the disclipline itself partially owed its existence to the Bible and thus religion actually determined the agenda, leading som specialists to assume that the temples controlled the economy. With prehistoric archaeology, the apporach was virtually the opposite.These theoretical difficulties make the interpretation of the earliest traces of religion in the archaeological record very difficult. The archaeological community neglected  the findings of the Anatolian site of Catal Hüyük when it was initially excavated in the 1950's and 1960's, as the community was agreed that religion could not be studied, and the importance of religion on the site could not be neglected. With the changing agenda in the 1990's, the archaeologist Ian Hodder decided to re-open the excavations at Catal Hüyük with a view to exploring their meaning in symbolic or religious terms. His approach may contribute to a finely nuanced version of the significance of social pressures as a fundamental factor in the development of religion. Scholars from other disciplines should, however, remain aware that the interpretations by archaeologists are always influenced by research agendas in other disciplines. They cannot, however, neglect the importance of studying the field simply because it is possible.
Dumézil revurderet
Authors: Bjerring-Nielsen Bent
Published: February 2018

This article is a discussion of George Dumézil’s theory of a unique Indo-European ideology characterised by the tendency to think in three basic functions. Based on an earlier attempt by John Brough to critizise the theory on this point, the article presents an analysis of the ‘First Kings of Israel’ in the Hebrew Bible that shows their expression of the three-functionel ideology. This leads to the conclusion that while Dumézil has managed to show that the three-functional ideology is a typical Indo-European trait, it cannot be regarded as uniquely Indo-European.
Ph.d.-afhandling om Myōshinji
Authors: Borup Jørn , Tanabe Jr. George J.
Published: February 2018

“Er du dybest set ikke bare en turist?”, spurgte en rinzai zen-mester (shike) mig engang, da jeg interviewede ham om forskellige ting vedrørende hans liv. En så udtalt mistænke­liggørelse af, hvad jeg i det mindste selv betragtede som en plausibel, akademisk metode, er naturligvis ikke ny. At studere levende religion ved at inddrage andet og mere end klassiske og ‘rigtige’ tekster anses ofte som helligbrøde ikke blot på uni­versitære institutioner, men også hos skolastisk sindede buddhister. De fleste felt­arbejdere inden for buddhismen vil på et eller andet tidspunkt blive dirigeret hen mod helligteksterne, for der står sandhederne. Eller de vil blive præsenteret for medi­ta­tionsmesteren, der ....
Odins viden - dens funktion og betydning
Authors: Schjødt Jens Peter
Published: February 2018

it is the purpose of this article to discuss how to interpret Odin's wisdom. Many scholars have argued over the last ten years that Odin's wisdom should be compared to the abilities of the shaman as this figure is known from many circumpolar religions and that Odin should accordingly be viewed as a prototypical shaman. There are, however, some arguments against this theoy. First and foremost, it is obvious that Odin has certain functions in old Norse mythology that do not fit in with the "shamanic" interpretation. If we take a closer view of the role of Odin, it is obvious that he is not primarily linked to the magicians but rather to warriors and kings. This is due to the fact that shamans are normally practicing in societies very different from those of Scandinavia during the Viking age. The results of two analyses of mythical cores, that of Mimer, primarily known from the Eddas, and that of Hadding, known from Saxo's Gesta Danorum, show that a religious phenomenon explaining more adequately the many roles of Odin is  that of initiation. The Mimer myth shows how Odin acquires intellectual power by confronting an object (the head of Mimer) which has been in the under world where is has been given numious poser. This myth is compared to the phenomenon of initiation and it is maintained that the myth, containing death and intellectual rebirth, must be seen as parallel in its structure as well as its symbolism to the initiation rituals which we see all over the world. Odin has thus gained knowledge as all initiates do during their initiation. On the other hand, the Hadding myth shows us Odin in a different role which is known equally well in the context of the mythology, namely that as an initator giving advice and skills to the young hero of the myth. Here we find the same symbolism as that of the initiation.Eventually, it is concluded that even if many of Odin's skills may be compared to those of the shaman, the phenomenon of initiation is able to account for the whole spectrum of functions that can be seen in Odin. Odin, then, must be seen first and foremost as the god of initiation.
Religiøse fantomsmerter
Authors: Hastrup Frida
Published: February 2018

Religious Phantom Pains - The Khmer Rouge and Victims' historiographyThis article explores the ways in which biographical accounts by Cambodian refugees in the West portray the oppression during the reign of Pol Pot in the late 1970s. Arguing that victims' biographies constitute a specific genre which is rapidly growing, perhaps due to a general increase in the attention to the voices of the marginalized, the article outlines typical characteristics inherent in this historiographic genre, most notably the claim to representativity and authenticity.Both explicit and implicit religious dimensions can be identified in the Cambodian victims' biographies, and the article examines what this religious content reveals about the handling of the brutality in the Cambodian history. The religious dimension is expressed in both direct references to Buddhist doctrines and ideas and in the indirect truth-claims of the biographies. Invoking Bruce Lincoln's definition of myth as a strategic mode of discourse, possessed of authority and paradignatic truth, the article argues that the biographical accounts of the Cambodian genocide work as mythologies, casting the Khmer Rouge as a cosmological state of emergency, isolated from the Cambodian history at large. The view that the Pol Pot regime is a pathological condition expresses the idea that a functional religious system and the Khmer Rouge regime are mutually exclusive. Thus, religion in the biographies is paradoxically characterised by its absence. In conclusion, it is suggested that this concept of religion poses a more general challenge to sociology of religion regarding the way the analytical object is defined and the relation between text and context.
Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: February 2018

n/a
Hinsides sekularisme og hvad så?
Authors: Berg-Sørensen Anders
Published: February 2018

Artiklen behandler sekularismens forestilling om adskil­lelse af religion og politik ud fra én udgave af ‘post-sekularismen’. Først skitseres sekularisme som politisk doktrin i ental. Dernæst problematiseres denne sekularismeopfattelse ved at vise to former for sekularisme som politisk-retoriske strategier i flertal, en republikansk sekularisme og en liberal sekularisme, illustreret med eksempler fra den danske debat om religion og politik, folkekirke og stat. Endelig argumenteres der for at give demokratiet forrang over sekularismen.
Tolerancens problem: den vanskelige balance. Et diskussionsfelt mellem Derrida og Habermas
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: February 2018

I 2003 udgav Giovanna Borradori bogen, Philosophy in a Time of Terror, hvori hun interviewede Jacques Derrida og Jürgen Habermas om deres syn på de vestlige demokratiers selvforståelse i kølvandet på terror-angrebet 11. sept. 2001. Derrida og Habermas har traditionelt stået for to meget forskellige opfattelser af filosofiens rolle i en moderne, eftermetafysisk tænkning, men de kunne begge enes om, at Europa har en vigtig rolle at spille i den inter­nationale debat. Et af de centrale spørgsmål, der i samtalerne med Borradori blev taget op, var problemet omkring betydningen af tolerance i et forhold mellem religion og politik i den vestlige verden: Hvordan sikrer demokratiet sit eget grundlag? Hvad skal der til for at sikre en fredelig sameksistens i en moderne multikulturel og globaliseret verden? Hvad består respekt for hinanden i, og kan vi i praksis holde magt og ret ude fra hinanden? Denne artikel forsøger at redegøre for og forholde sig til diskussionen af disse spørgsmål
Korstogstankens reformulering i 1600-tallets England
Authors: Brænder Morten
Published: February 2018

Traditionelt betragtes hellig krig i en kristen kontekst som en overvejende middelalderlig foreteelse. Denne artikel anfægter denne opfattelse, idet den hævder, at den reformulering af korstogstanken, som fandt sted blandt de engelske puritanere i årene op til borgerkrigens udbrud i 1642, forenede to elementer, der i allerhøjeste grad skulle forme det moderne: Den verdslige askese, der forfinede den individuelle disciplinering, og den realiserede eskatologi, der skabte grundlag for en dennesidig opfattelse af historiens forløb.
Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: February 2018

Resumé
Magt og religion i religionsvidenskaben
Authors: Woodhead Linda
Published: February 2018

Mange hidtidige forsøg på at definere religion og nå frem til en adækvat religionsforståelse har ikke i tilstrækkelig grad taget magtaspektet i betragtning. I artiklen udvikler jeg gennem problematisering af eksisterende teorier en ny religionsdefinition, der i højere grad tager magtaspektet i betragtning. Jeg påviser nogle af de vanskeligheder, som de eksisterende modeller støder på, når de skal få mening ud af den nyeste religiøse udvikling. Endelig spidsformulerer jeg min forståelse gennem fem prægnante teser, som illustrerer nødvendigheden af at tage magtaspektet alvorligt, hvis man skal forstå religion i dag.