bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kindergarten in Ontario – An Exceptional Case of a Publicly Funded Early Childhood Education Since 1883
Authors: Wloka Danuta
Published: November 2020

Ontario has the distinction of having the longest and the richest history of public kindergarten in Canada. Ontario’s kindergarten is an exception in the field of publicly funded early childhood care and education in Canada, where the care and education of preschool-aged children has not been recognized as the government’s responsibility. This article traces the development of Ontario’s public kindergarten from its inception in 1883 to the current Full-Day Early Learning–Kindergarten Program. It identifies the evolving characteristics of kindergarten, trends, and paradigmatic changes in the analyzed period by using a longue durée approach as per Fernand Braudel. It explores the context of each historical phase of Ontario’s kindergarten development, the intersection of political agendas, ideologies, and economic and pragmatic considerations that were impacting kindergarten policies.
Introduction to the Special Issue: History of Education, International Relations and Transnational Perspectives: State of the Art
Authors: González-Delgado Mariano , Martín García Óscar J.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the article is to present those studies in the field of the History of Education that have emphasized international influences and educational modernization. To do this, the first part of this article addresses the origin of this type of research within the History of Education. We then focus on analyzing the subsequent evolution that occurred with the beginning of the transnational turn and its impact on educational-historical research. Through a bibliographic review, we attempt to highlight the importance of studying international organizations, public diplomacy, the Cold War and Modernization Theory in order to understand the transformations that took place in educational systems worldwide during the second half of the 20th century. All these elements reveal more clearly the factors that made countries with different political regimes, cultural traditions or educational models begin to develop similar educational policies. Finally, this article points out the value of new research to understand the origin and development of certain policies at the international level.
Les Annuaires Scolaires : la richesse d’une source pour l’histoire de l’école et des élèves
Authors: Luis Naya
Published: November 2020

L’étude des écoles et collèges religieux en Espagne manque de sources faisant état des activités scolaires et parascolaires qu’elles ont menées tout au long du XXe siècle. Les documents appelés Memorias Escolares (Annuaires scolaires) fournissent des informations importantes sur ces questions. Le premier objectif de cet article est de présenter cette source documentaire publiée annuellement par des écoles et collèges importants gérés par des ordres et des congrégations religieuses masculines en Espagne. Le seconde consiste à analyser la fonction de ces publications, où l’on raconte le récit historique des établissements, élaborés par les écoles elles-mêmes et avec une grande richesse informative sur les activités pratiquées tout au long de l’année. Troisièmement, nous voulons mettre en évidence le rôle des annuaires et leur relation avec la construction de la mémoire des étudiants, à travers les éditeurs, les photographies ou leurs orientations professionnelles. Par conséquent, les annuaires sont une source documentaire importante pour connaître non seulement les pratiques scolaires, mais aussi le lien qu’ils ont établi avec les élèves pour façonner une identité et construire une mémoire pour l’avenir.
Part III: Artwork
Authors: Zhou Jia
Published: November 2020

Part III: Artwork
Tina Betz – Nurture
Authors: Betz Tina
Published: November 2020

Tina Betz – Nurture
Interview with Dr Carmen M. Mangion on Catholic Nuns and Sisters in a Secular Age: Britain, 1945–1990
Authors: Mangion Carmen M. , MacDonald Heidi
Published: November 2020

Interview with Dr Carmen M. Mangion on Catholic Nuns and Sisters in a Secular Age: Britain, 1945–1990
Artwork and Contributing Artists
Authors: Pietrobon Angela
Published: November 2020

Artwork and Contributing Artists
Sentidos de nación, reflexión pedagógica en el cambio de guion en el Museo Histórico Nacional de Chile
Authors: Correa Serrano Manuel , Ponce de León Macarena
Published: November 2020

This article, accompanied by the video of the temporary exhibition of the Museo Histórico Nacional de Chile, MHC (National Historical Museum of Chile), called “Sinopsis, sentidos de nación” (Synopsis, senses of the nation), reflects upon the challenges that a national history museum faces in the 21st century. This museum, created in 1911, still exhibits a story almost exclusively focused on the feat of the Nation-state and groups of power; an urban, male and military history, which ignores the historical character of minorities. Today, this historical construction results in the difficulty that national history museums, such as the Chilean one, have in transforming themselves into spaces for public dialogue about the past. The temporary exhibition of the MHN “Sinopsis, sentidos de nación”, seeks to advance towards new museological proposals that incorporate this reflection. To achieve this, it proposes a temporary journey on the different senses of belonging in the history of Chile. While the video takes us on a tour of the exhibition, this article seeks to clarify the declaration of intention of its museological and museographic approach in educational, narrative and political terms, with the aim of answering pedagogical questions about the role of a museum with a national vocation and historical dedication, as well as to incorporate minorities in an inclusive and intersectional perspective.
Postpartum reverse-Takotsubo from pheochromocytoma diagnosed by bedside point-of-care ultrasound: A case report
Authors: Leitch, MD, FRCPC Jordan K. , Ho, MD, FRCPC, FCCP Anthony M.-H. , Allard, MD, FRCPC Rene , Mizubuti, MD, MSc Glenio B.
Published: November 2020

Point-of-care ultrasound is invaluable in the setting of obstetric anesthesia, where the differential diagnosis for dyspnea, hypoxemia and/or hemodynamic abnormalities is broad. This report describes a previously apparently healthy parturient with an uncomplicated pregnancy at 35-weeks gestation who underwent an emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia due to severe acute abdominal pain and fetal bradycardia. Intraoperatively, she presented with severe hypertension and tachycardia that were difficult to control and associated with ischemic ECG changes. In the immediate postoperative period, she developed retrosternal tightness and dyspnea, and a bedside point-of-care ultrasound scan revealed a grossly dilated and hypokinetic left ventricle, as well as diffuse B-lines throughout all lung fields – consistent with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. She was admitted to the intensive care unit, where she recovered over several days. Pheochromocytoma was subsequently diagnosed, and she eventually underwent uneventful elective adrenalectomy after appropriate endocrine and hemodynamic optimization.
MTQ (Quizlet Modification Technology) in training Students’ Speaking Skills
Authors: Kurniawan Andri , Sharizan Sharizan , Arianta Yasvialan , Roza Yenita
Published: November 2020

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a program to face the global issues set by the United Nations of General Assembly in 2015. Education is one the aspects related to the first pillar – human development. Some data about the quality of Indonesian education show that Indonesia is still facing many problems. The objectives of this paper are to describe the concepts and strategies of MTQ (Quizlet Modified Technology), in order to train critical thinking skills in English learning especially speaking skills and to describe the way of MTQ implementation in order to train critical thinking skills in English learning. The stage of discovery of the idea is done by observing the factual issues in the field of Indonesian education quality, especially in English subjects. Quizlet is one of the applications that people always use in learning English especially in improving their vocabulary. But, we can modify Quizlet becomes an application to use in training students’ speaking skills
Strengthen the Nationalism Values of Senior High School Students in Tasikmalaya Through Vidgram Learning Media Based on the Karang Resik Event
Authors: Nurfadillah Cici , Yani Fitri Andri , Ayu Ine Nova , Fachrurozi Miftahul Habib
Published: November 2020

This article aims to design a learning media based on the events of Karang Resik as an effort to strengthen the values of nationalism in senior high school students in Tasikmalaya. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, will be obtained from literature studies. Vidgram learning media is a learning media in the form of video that is integrated into Instagram media. The media of this event-based Karang Resik event illustrates the values of unity, freedom and a sense of unity among the Tasikmalaya people, Ciamis, TRI, Hizbullah, Sabilillah in the Karang Resik event. With the strengthen of nationalism values in senior high school students, this media can be a supporting medium for solving the problem of intolerance and conservatism in Tasikmalaya City, as well as being an example for the current condition of Tasikmalaya to create and build unity among all Tasikmalaya communities.
Sexual Socialization in Families with Adolescents (SSFA) in Thailand: Scale Development and Validation
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Saranrittichai Kesinee , Sakdisthanont Supattana ,   Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Theeranut Ampornpan ,   Research and Training Center for Enhancing Quality of Life of Working Age People, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Jumparway Donlagon ,   ASEAN Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group (ACEP), Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Sarakarn Pongdech ,   Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Published: November 2020

Although studies have shown the positive effects that families have on adolescent sexual health, there are still problems with clarification and validation of sexual socialization, and the process by which parents integrate adolescents into society to promote appropriate sexual learning and sexual health of adolescents. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a valid and reliable Sexual Socialization in Families with Adolescents Scale (SSFAS) based on a qualitative framework. The participants were 460 parents with adolescents aged 13-19 years old studying in secondary and vocational schools. Stratified multi-stage random sampling was used. Item analysis was carried out using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the components of the SSFAS. The results showed that the content validity index (CVI), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were appropriate. The five components of the SSFAS were: 1) General Pattern, 2) Trusting Pattern, 3) Strict Pattern, 4) Exhausted Pattern, and 5) Flexible Pattern. The eigenvalues of the five SSFAS components were greater than 1. The CFA statistics were fitted to the model. The findings suggested that the SSFAS can help identify sexual socialization patterns in families and screen the risk pattern of sexual socialization.
Itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas com doenças respiratórias crônicas
Authors: De Souza Marcio Costa , Borges Juliana Costa dos Santos , Santos Rafaela Silva , Brito Vitória Cézar Santos Gonçalves , Souza Jairrose Nascimento , Quintana Rocío Andrea Cornejo , Das Merces Magno Conceição , Camelier Fernanda Warken Rosa , Camelier Aquiles Assunção
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Compreender os Itinerários Terapêuticos de pacientes com doenças respiratórias crônicas nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde. Métodos: O estudo trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, realizada em um distrito sanitário de uma capital na região nordeste do Brasil. A técnica para a produção dos dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada com trabalhadores de saúde e pacientes com doenças respiratórias crônicas, o qual utilizou a análise de conteúdo para a interpretação do material coletado. Resultados: Os principais achados produzidos na pesquisa identificadas foram as consequências de uma comunicação ineficiente nas redes de atenção à saúde, o deslocamento excessivo do usuário no processo do cuidado, ocorrida principalmente pela dificuldade de acesso aos serviços no sistema de saúde local. Conclusão: Há um déficit na comunicação entre as redes de atenção à saúde, o que dificulta a resolutividade do cuidar com um olhar integral, o que produz uma rede fragmentada nos seus diferentes níveis.
Desfechos do tipo de abordagem cirúrgica em mulheres com câncer de colo de útero: cirurgia minimamente invasiva versus laparotomia
Authors: Oliveira Julie Kate Ferreira de , Esquarcio Blenda Scalia Veneziano , Campos Camila Azalim de , Zerbini Juliana de Souza , Carmo Larissa Rodrigues do , Sales Lorrane Morais , Maroca Luiza Marques Russo , Silva Phillipe Augusto Marques , Carvalho Victor Eliel Bastos de
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Analisar os desfechos dos diferentes tipos de abordagens cirúrgicas – cirurgia minimamente invasiva versus laparotomia – em mulheres com câncer cérvico-uterino (CCU), fazendo uma comparação entre estudos novos e antigos (antes e depois de 2018) e analisando taxas de recorrência, sobrevida e complicações recorrentes em cada técnica. Revisão bibliográfica: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa dos desfechos de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas na abordagem do câncer de colo de útero. Sabe-se que o CCU é causado pela infecção persistente por alguns tipos do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV). Novos estudos trouxeram informações contrárias às preconizadas anteriormente, concluindo que, comparado à laparotomia, a taxa de sobrevida da cirurgia minimamente invasiva foi menor – gerando novos debates para a cirurgia oncológica. Porém, a escolha de cirurgia minimamente invasiva para histerectomia radical continua a ganhar popularidade sobre a laparotomia. O principal motivo para isso são os benefícios operacionais e perioperatórios da abordagem laparoscópica, além da menor incidência de complicações infecciosas e não-infecciosas no pós-operatório. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que as técnicas analisadas são seguras e possuem indicações bem esclarecidas, mas ainda é necessário um número maior de estudos detalhados para se chegar a um consenso final sobre uma maior efetividade entre uma ou outra abordagem.
Percutaneous thoracic cryoablation of primary lung and pleural tumors: Analysis of long-term experience of feasibility, safety, and recurrence parameters
Authors: Aoun Hussein D. , Littrup Peter J. , Ristic Gorica , Krycia Mark , Prus Matt , Baciewicz Frank , Soubani Ayman , Sukari Ammar
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to report long-term experience with percutaneous thoracic cryoablation, including both malignant pleural and primary pulmonary tumors, assessing factors affecting complications and local recurrence rates.

Material and Methods:

After Institutional Review Board approval and Health Insurance Accountability Act compliance, a retrospective review of 50 patients who underwent 85 CT fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous cryoablation procedures for 116 masses, consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (n = 61), small cell lung cancer (n = 1), mesothelioma (n = 16) and malignant profile fibrous tumors (n = 38) was performed. Tumor size and location (central vs. peripheral) were noted in relation to major vasculature. Hydrodissection and/or esophageal warming balloons were utilized for the protection of crucial structures. Complications were graded according to standardized Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria. Patients were followed by CT and/or MRI at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and yearly, thereafter.

Results:

Mean tumor diameter was 3.3 cm and 3.0 cm for primary lung tumors (PLTs) and malignant pleural tumors (MPTs), respectively. The mean number of cryoprobes utilized was 3.7 per tumor, which produced ablation zones with CT visible ice mean diameters of 5.3 cm. Hydrodissection and/or warming balloon protections were used in 15.3% (n = 13/85). Grade ≥3 complications were limited to tumors >3 cm (8.2% = 7/85; P = 0.0042), but did not appear significant for central location. At a mean follow-up of 17.0 months, overall local tumor recurrence was 6.9% (n = 8/116). Pleural tumors had lower recurrence rates than PLTs (1.8% [n = 1/54] vs. 11.3% [n = 7/62], respectively; P < 0.21). Tumors >3 cm or central location had statistically significant higher recurrence rates, (P = 0.021) and (P = 0.039), respectively. Central recurrences occurred predominantly in tumors >3 cm (20%, n = 5/25).

Conclusion:

With appropriate pre-treatment, evaluation, and procedural criteria, percutaneous cryoablation of both primary lung and pleural tumors is safe and produces very low local recurrence rates, especially for tumors ≤3 cm.
Prognostic Significance of CMR Findings in Patients with Known Coronary Artery Disease – Experience from a South Asian Country
Authors: Ahmed Syed Waqar , Sultan Fateh Ali Tipoo , Awan Safia , Ahmed Imran
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

South Asians (SA) have a higher burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) and are known to have a worse prognosis compared to other ethnicities. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the risk stratification of SA patient with CAD and to seek out newer prognostic markers beyond the conventional echocardiography.The aim of this study was to investigate whether variables obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) improve risk stratification of South Asian patients with known CAD.

Material and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 147 patients with evidence of CAD that had a CMR at our center between January 2011 and January 2019. LV volumes and regional wall motions were acquired by cine images, while infarct size (IS) was measured by late gadolinium enhancement. At a mean follow-up of 3.36 ± 2.22 years, cardiac events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization due to heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmia, or cardiac death) occurred in 49 patients. An IS ≥35%, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤31%, and a wall motion score index (WMSI) ≥1.9 were strongly associated with follow-up cardiac events (P < 0.001). Patients that had none or less than 3 of these factors, showed a lower risk of cardiac events (HR 0.22 CI [0.11–0.44] P < 0.001 and HR 0.12 CI [0.04–0.32] P < 0.001, respectively) compared to those with all three factors.

Conclusion:

Integration of CMR derived factors such as IS and WMSI with LVEF can improve the prognostication of the SA population with CAD. Better risk stratification of patients can lead to improved and cost-effective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate the prognosis of these patients.
Contactless Thermometer sebagai Upaya Siaga Covid-19 di Universitas PGRI Madiun
Authors: Yuniahastuti Irna Tri , Sunaryantiningsih Ina , Olanda Beto
Published: November 2020

Virus korona (Covid-19) menyerang hampir seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Diperlukan suatu cara/ metode untuk mengendalikan dan menghentikan virus ini. Pemerintah RI memberikan instruksi untuk melakukan social distancing (pembatasan jarak), cuci tangan serta menggunakan masker. Beberapa tempat umum harus memenuhi protokol kesehatan salah satunya adalah pengecekan suhu tubuh manusia. Sehingga pada penelitan ini dilakukan perancangan alat ukur suhu tubuh tanpa sentuhan (thermometer contactless) sebagai upaya siaga Covid-19 dimana alat ini ditempatkan di depan pintu masuk laboratorium terpadu Universitas PGRI Madiun (UNIPMA). Hal ini dilakukan sebagai upaya pengendalian dan pemutusan rantai virus korona di lingkungan kampus. Diharapkan alat ini dapat memudahkan petugas/ satpam dalam melakukan pengecekan suhu tubuh dibandingkan dengan menggunakan alat konvensional yaitu termometer infrared yang ditembakkan di area wajah/dahi. Perancangan alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroller Arduino Uno, sensor suhu tubuh GY-906 serta LED ukuran 16x2.
Prototype Sampah Otomatis untuk menunjang Pola Hidup Sehat di era New Normal
Authors: Sari Churnia
Published: November 2020

Pada masa pandemi kebersihan dan kesahatan menjadi kunci utama kehidupan. Untuk menunjang kehidupan yang bersih dan sehat, tempat sampah menjadi salah satu hal yang sangat dibutuhkan keberadaannya. Klasifikasi tempat sampah yang ada, sudah cukup bagus untuk memudahkan teknologi daur ulang sebagai penunjang perbaikan lingkungan. Dengan adanya klasifikasi, sampah yang basah dan kering tidak akan tercampur. Sampah daur ulang juga langsung bisa ditangani tanpa harus memililah-milah terlebih dahulu.  Selain klasifikasi sampah, Model sampah saat ini juga harus menjadi perhatian. Model sampah yang tidak efektif menjadi cukup beresiko untuk menularkan penyakit, terlebih virus covid-19 yang menjadi pandemi saat ini mampu bertahan pada permukaan plastik dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama. Untuk mengatasi permsalah tersebut, sekaligus menunjang kebersihan agar semakin terjaga maka dirancang sebuah penelitian terkait dengan Prototype Sederhana sampah Otomatis yang ramah lingkungan. Dari hasil penelitian didaptkan bahwa prototype sampah ini dapat menunjang kebersihan sekaligus kesehatan masyarakat secara efektif. Karena masyarakat tidak harus lagi membuka dan menutup sampah ketika hendak mebuang sampah, sehingga diharapkan masyarkat tidak malas untuk membuang sampah pada tempatnya.
Door System Lab. Terpadu UNIPMA Berbasis Intelligent Automatic Sebagai Penunjang New Normal
Authors: Sunaryantiningsih Ina , Yuniahastuti Irna Tri , Tristian Habi Angga
Published: November 2020

Kebiasaan baru di era pandemi membuat kita harus hati-hati untuk menyentuh semua benda, tidak terkecuali adanya pembatasan access pada lab terpadpun juga diterapkan. Untuk mempermudah pengidentifikasian dosen, mahasiswa dan karyawan yang akan berkegiatan dilab terpadu maka dibuatlah door system dengan menggunakan QR Code sebagai switching pintu otomati. QR code sendiri berisi data pribadi yang diambil dan terhubung dengan SIM (Sistem Informasi Manajemen) UNIPMA. Setiap dosen, mahasiswa dan karyawan dapat mengaccess QR Code dari SIM masing-masing. QR Code bersifat unik sehingga setiap orang akan mendapatkan QR Code yang berbeda. Penggunaan QR Code sebagai switching Door system yang dipindai menggunakan wabcame dengan cover akrilik tembus cahaya dan dengan spesifikasi Door System yang dapat dioperasikan pada beban 100kg, panjang lintasan 180 cm, dengan opening/closing speed door atau forward/backward pada motor rata rata 10/45 cm/s, dan dengan hold-open time 0,5-30s
A Proposed Curriculum for 5-years BDS Programme in Pakistan and its Comparison with the Curricula Suggested by PMDC and HEC
Authors:   Aga Khan University Karachi, Pakistan., Khan Farhan Raza
Published: November 2020

In Pakistan, whether to enforce a 4-year BDS course versus a 5-year course, is a matter of debate that warrants multiple deliberations. In USA and Canada, dentistry is 4-year long course but students can apply for admission into dental school only when they have already done 16 years of schooling (i.e. a 4-years of graduate university education is the pre-requisite). On the other hand, In UK & Ireland, students can apply for admission into dental colleges with 12-years of high school education. However, they follow a 5-years BDS programme. Similarly, there is much difference on the emphasis on various subjects taught in the dental programmes. This paper critically appraises the PMDC and HEC advised BDS curricula in Pakistan and suggests an alternative curriculum that is more balanced in terms of subject distribution, assessment and above all contemporary to cater the evolving needs of the dynamic discipline of dentistry. KEYWORDS: Dental; education; curriculum; Pakistan HOW TO CITE: Khan FR. A Proposed curriculum for 5-years BDS Programme in Pakistan and its comparison with the curricula suggested by PMDC and HEC. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):169-171.
A Nation-wide Survey on Financial Impact of COVID-19 on Employers of Private Dental Practices of Pakistan
Authors:   Dow University of Health Sciences, Sarwar Huma , Qureshi Navid Rashid , Fatima Siddiqua , Naeem Meshal M , Inayat Ahsan
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: To assess the financial impact of COVID-19 on employers of private dental practices of Pakistan in the month of April and May 2020. METHODOLOGY: In this cross sectional study, the employers of dental practices of Pakistan were inquired about their financial management during COVID 19 outbreak. The data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0. Percentages and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis at p <0.05. RESULTS: 52.7% owners opened their practices whereas 37.8% of tenants’ clinics remained closed (p<0.01). 38.3% of tenant employers provided inadequate PPE whereas 53.2% owners provided adequate PPE to their staff (p=0.02). 64% of owners easily arranged PPE for staff whereas 70.4% tenants found it difficult to arrange PPE because of its high cost. Employers with less than 10 years of practice reported less than 5% whereas those with more than 10 years of practice reported up to 24% of revenue generation income (p<0.01). Most of the employers paid full salary to their employees. If this condition persists till the end of August, 40.8% employers (<10 years practice) planned to adjust staff salaries whereas 33% employers (>10 years of practice) planned to find innovative ways to lower their operating costs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Due to minimal patient turnover, dental employers are facing incredible challenges in managing the expenses. Those with more than 10 years of practice are more economically stable as compared to the employers with less than 10 years of practice. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, finances, dental clinic, Pakistan. HOW TO CITE: Sarwar H, Qureshi NR, Fatima S, Naeem MM, Inayat A. A nation-wide survey on financial impact of COVID-19 on employers of private dental practices of Pakistan. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):172-178.
Fracture Toughness of Resin Based Composites, Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles and Bioactive Glass
Authors:   Peshawar Dental College, Warsak Road, Peshawar, Hanif Amjad , Ghani Fazal
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect, on fracture toughness (KIc), of impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and bioactive glass (BAG) in resin based composites (RBCs). METHODOLOGY: During the period from August 2016 to May 2018, this study was performed at Peshawar Dental College (Pakistan) and Montreal University (Canada), using; a commercial RBC and experimental RBCs with or without BAG content (5-15wt%), and AgNPs (0.009%). Standardized specimens (n=6) were made in each of five RBCs (G1-G5). AgNPs were synthesized and characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy. With universal testing machine, the KIc for RBCs specimens was computed. SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to assess the size and form of the prepared silica. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used for data analyses. RESULTS: KIc values varied both within and between RBCs groups. The commercial RBC had highest mean KIc (G1=1.03+0.24). Mean KIc values for the experimental RBCs were; G2=0.69±0.14, G3=0.9±0.13, G4=0.9±0.14 and G5=0.69±0.13. The only RBC groups that had statistically significant variations between their mean KIc values were; G1-G2 (p=0.017) & G1-G5 (p=0.017). SEM and DLS analysis of synthesized silica particles having round shape and sizes of 0.9-1µm. Uv-vis spectroscopy of AgNPs showed round shape with size up to 20nm. CONCLUSION: The KIc of the experimental RBCs with BAG (5-10 wt%) and AgNPs (0.009%) was not significantly different than the commercial RBC. KEYWORDS: Resin based composites, RBCs, Silver nanoparticles, AgNPs, Bioactive glass, BAG, Re-mineralizing resin based composite, Fracture toughness, KIc HOW TO CITE: Hanif A, Ghani F. Fracture toughness of resin based composites, impregnated with silver nanoparticles and bioactive glass. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):179-184.
Gingival Crevicular Blood Glucose Evaluation in Patients with Periodontitis: Evolution of A New Screening Technique
Authors:   Ziauddin Dental College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Saeed Quratulain , Memon Sarwat , Hosein Mervyn
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: The aim and objective of this study was to assess if gingival crevicular blood could be utilized for blood glucose evaluation in patients with periodontitis and to check the reliability of this screening method. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at the department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The sample size involved 348 participants with chronic periodontitis. The gingival crevicular blood produced during periodontal probing was collected on a glucometer strip to assess random glucose levels. Glycemic levels were also checked by finger capillary blood via a glucometer. Intravenous blood glycated hemoglobin A1c test was performed in patients found with blood glucose levels in pre-diabetic or diabetic range. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrate a strong correlation (0.987, p< 0.001) between gingival crevicular blood and finger capillary blood glucose values and good correlation (0.709, p<0.001) between gingival crevicular bloodglucose and glycated Hemoglobin A1c levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed 94.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity of GCB glucose screening at the cut-off value of 168mg/dl. Gingival crevicular blood glucose showed significant regression with Finger capillary bloodglucose (R=0.987, R2=0.974, p<0.001) andglycated hemoglobin A1clevels (R=0.709, R2=0.502, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: From this study we conclude that gingival crevicular blood can be relied upon for screening of blood glucose levels in periodontitis patients presenting with bleeding on probing. KEYWORDS: Blood glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Gingival Crevicular blood,Inflammation, Periodontitis. HOW TO CITE: Saeed Q, Memon S, Hosein M. Gingival crevicular blood glucose evoluation in patients with periodontitis: Evolution of a new screening technique. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):193-198.
Salivary Interleukin-1 Levels in Chronic Periodontitis Patients after use of Nigella Sativa (Kalonji) Oil
Authors:   University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Hassan Ghazala , Ghafoor Sarah , Chaudhry Saima , Khan Zubair Ahmed
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is the second most prevalent microbiome associated inflammatory disease posing a threat to oral health. Nigella sativa (Kalonji) has been used since ancient times as a remedy for oral inflammatory conditions. Interleukin1 (IL-1 ) is critical for periodontal inflammation, collagen degradation and bone turn over. The motive of our study was to determine the change in the levels of salivary IL-1 after the use of Nigella sativa oil to determine if it has any correlation with salivary IL-1 . METHODOLOGY: A parallel-arm triple-blind placebo-based randomized control trial was conducted on a total of ninety three patients. Out of these, fifty individuals with chronic periodontitis were included in the study as per the eligibility criteria. Baseline screening of the participants was done via clinical periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BoP). These individuals were categorized into two groups; 1. Control Group (n=25), which was given normal saline as placebo; 2. Treatment Group, which was given Nigella sativa oil (n=25). All participants underwent scaling and root planing before the start of the trial. The intervention was given for two weeks. Salivary samples were collected on day 0 and day 15 and were evaluated for interleukin-1 levels using ELISA. The statistical interpretation was done using IBM SPSS (version 25.0, SPSS Inc.) on forty participants due to loss to follow up. RESULTS: Levels of salivary interleukin-1 came out to be statistically insignificant after two-week use of Nigella sativa oil. CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between the salivary IL-1 and the use of Nigella sativa oil in patients with chronic periodontitis in contrast to the patients using normal saline. KEYWORDS: Chronic periodontitis, Interleukin-1 , Nigella sativa, Kalonji, Salivary HOW TO CITE: Hassan G, Ghafoor S, Chaudhry S, Khan ZA. Salivary interleukin-1 Levels in chronic periodontitis patients after use of nigella sativa (Kalonji) oil. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):205-210.
Efficacy of Coconut Milk on Healing of Oral Ulcers in Experimental Model; A Comparative Study
Authors:   University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Khalid Basil , Malik Aeeza , Naz Sharina , Aftab Marium , Akram Sidra , Shaukat Malik Saleem
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to observe the morphological changes in healing of oral mucosal ulcers in experimental animals by applying coconut milk. METHODOLOGY: This experimental study was spanned over one month. It was carried out at animal experimental lab of University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 30 rabbits were divided into 2 groups (Group A & B, control & experimental respectively). Oral ulcers were induced in all the rabbits by using 4mm diameter punch biopsy apparatus through standard protocol. Normal healing in Control group was compared with the healing effects of medicament (coconut milk) which was applied topically thrice daily for fourteen days in Experimental group. Biopsies from both the groups were taken on 1, 4th, 7th and 14th day to see gross morphological as well as histological changes. RESULTS: Effects of coconut milk on healing of oral ulcers in experimental group, showed a sharp contrast with that of control group (p=0.001) especially on day 7th where maximum healing was induced by coconut milk. CONCLUSIONS: Coconut milk enhanced the healing of oral ulcers. Coconut milk has proved far superior healing effects on oral mucosa and therefore recommended as a natural healing medicament to be used as an alternate ulcer healing agent which is easily available, safe and inexpensive. KEYWORDS: Coconut milk, healing medicament, histopathology, oral ulcer HOW TO CITE: Khalid B, Malik A, Naz S, Aftab M, Akram S, Shaukat MS. Efficacy of coconut milk on healing of oral ulcers in experimental model; A comparative study. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):211-216.
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of NiTi Endodontic Files
Authors:   Dow University of Health Sciences, Sarwar Huma , Meshal M Naeem Meshal M , Shabbir Sumaiya , Riaz Sania , Afaq Hasan , Shabbir Juzer
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nickel titanium rotary endodontic file immersion in hydrogen peroxide on cyclic fatigue resistance. METHODOLOGY: Twenty Six Protaper Universal (Dentsply Maillerfier) F1 files were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In Group I, Protaper universal variable taper F1 files were immersed in normal saline where as in Group II, the files were soaked in hydrogen peroxide (6% w/v) for 2 hours at 37°C. Cyclic fatigue of each file was checked by recording the number of rotations required to break a file in a 90°curve with a 5 mm radius. For statistical analysis of data, Two-way ANOVA was applied. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULT: Out of Twenty Six, Six files fractured spontaneously after immersion in hydrogen peroxide. Twenty files were subjected to fracture resistance testing. Statistically significant difference in cyclic fatigue resistace between the two groups was found (p=0.002). The files soaked in Group II required less revolutions to fracture than the ones immersed Group I. CONCLUSION: The immersion of NiTi endodontic files in hydrogen peroxide significantly reduces cyclic fatigue resistance. Therefore, immersion of the NiTi endodontic files in hydrogen peroxide solution for removal of clogged debris should be discouraged. KEYWORDS: Cyclic fatigue, Endodontic instruments, Hydrogen peroxide, NiTi HOW TO CITE: Sarwar H, Naeem MM, Shabbir S, Riaz S, Afaq H, Shabbir J. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi endodontic files. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):246-248.
Association of Curve of Spee with Vertical Skeletal Patterns
Authors:   Karachi Medical and Dental College, Rehman Saad Abdul , Rizwan Sadia , Faisal Syed Shah , Hussain Syed Sheeraz
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: To find the mean curve spee depth and association in three different skeletal vertical patterns (Hypodivergent, Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent). METHODOLOGY: Orthodontic models of mandibular arch and Lateral cephalogram of 110 patients with the mean age of 17.16±4 years, 26.4% (N=29) males and 73.6% (N=81) females were taken from the patients who visited for the orthodontic treatment, to the Department of Orthodontics of Karachi Medical and Dental College. Skeletal divergence defined by the mandibular plane (Lower border of mandible) to sella-nasion line angle (SN-MP). It was measured on lateral cephalogram and Curve of spee depth measured on mandibular cast. RESULTS:Out of 110 patients 20.9% (N= 23) were hypodivergent, 29.1% (N=32) were normodivergent and 50% (N=55) were hyperdivergent. The curve of spee among these three groups were 3.39±0.30mm, 2.62±0.23mm and 2.02±0.45mm. One-way ANOVA has been applied and it showed highly significant differences in the value of curve of spee depth among three vertical skeletal patterns with the p-value of 0.000. Moving from Hypodivergent to Hyperdivergent cases, the curve of Spee depth reduces. CONCLUSION: It has been found that there is a significant difference in curve of spee among hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent patients. KEYWORDS: Dentistry, Curve of Spee, Vertical Skeletal Patterns, Orthodontic Diagnosis. HOW TO CITE: Rehman SA, Rizwan S, Faisal SS, Hussain SS. Association of curve of spee with vertical skeletal patterns. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):254-258.
Frequency of Dental Fluorosis in Population Drinking Water with High Fluoride Level in Thar
Authors:   Dow University of Health Sciences, Ahmed Iftekhar , Ali Anwar , Zaheer Marium , Fatima Ibraj , Khan Nazeer
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to see the frequency of dental fluorosis in exposed area (Sammo Rind village of Thar District) and in unexposed area of Gadap town of Karachi and to find the association of fluoride level with dental fluorosis in both groups. METHODOLOGY: The water samples were taken from both the sites and fluoride estimation in water and geometrical, was determined using Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (FISE) method. By random selection 121 subjects from Sammo Rind village and 121 controls from Gadap Town Karachi were included in study after informed consent. The participants were clinically examined by an expert university teacher dentist in proper dental setups in examination lights. RESULTS: A frequency of dental fluorosis of 100% was found among the study subjects with fluoride content as high as 6- 8 mg/dl as compared to prevalence of dental fluorosis 17.4% in unexposed group with water fluoride content as low as 0.30mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of underground water fluoride level and cent per cent dental fluorosis in Thar area is an alarming situation that should be addressed immediately at national level. KEYWORDS: Exposed area, Dental Flurosis, Fluoride Level, Water Sample HOW TO CITE: Ahmed I, Ali A, Zaheer M, Fatima I, Khan N. Frequency of dental fluorosis in population drinking water with high fluoride level in Thar. J Pak Dent Assoc 2020;29(4):259-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25301/JPDA.294.259
Antibacterial efficacy of commercially available activated carbon tooth powder: An in vitro study
Authors: Padmaja Vangipuram  , Ravishankar P L  , Prem Blaisie Rajula M  , Rajarajeswari S  , Saravanan A V  , Jasmine Vaidya
Published: November 2020

There has been an indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobials in the previous decades, leading to emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria. This has become a frequent occurrence, so natural antimicrobial agents have grabbed attention of researchers as potential alternatives. Of particular interest is cow dung which has been shown to have antibacterial and antiseptic properties. It is known to be used predominantly in rural areas. This paper aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Goshala Activated Carbon toothpowder against three strains of periodontopathogennic and cariogenic bacteria. Standardized strains of Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  and Porphyromonas gingivalis were cultured in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion Broth) media and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Activated Carbon tooth powder was assessed by serial dilution method. Likewise, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole and Chlorhexidine were tested against the same pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans  and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were shown to be sensitive at an MIC of 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 0.8mg/ml for activated carbon toothpowder respectively. Given some limitations of this study, we can conclude that  activated carbon powder presents a ray of hope in developing a targeted agent for aggressive periodontitis patients.
Effectiveness Of Structured Exercise Protocol On Functional Performance In Subjects With Covid-19
Authors: Rakesh Kumar Sinha  , Saumi Sinha  , Varadharajulu G
Published: November 2020

It is a well-established fact that patients of Covid 19 have musculoskeletal dysfunctions in addition to cardiorespiratory and psychosocial problems. Musculoskeletal system is amongst the most common systems found to be affected in patients admitted in ICU for prolonged periods and some patients of Covid 19 do have to spend a reasonably long period in ICU’s. Prolonged hospital stay may be needed in Covid 19 patients having ARDS or pneumonia and symptoms of fever, cold and cough to monitor their recovery. This may result in musculoskeletal dysfunctions as demonstrated in some studies. Thus, treating the musculoskeletal system becomes a vital part of the regimen to be followed during the patients stay in the ICU which needs to be followed up even after the patient is shifted from the ICU by keeping a track of Physical Functional performance of the subjects after discharge. This experimental study was done on 150 Covid-19 positive subjects to see the long term effectiveness of a structured exercise protocol on the Physical Functional performance of Covid 19 patients. The results of the study were analysed statistically and both the outcome measures FIMS and POMA showed significant changes with p value <0.05 and <0.05 respectively. The study thus shows that the structured exercise protocol helped in maintaining the Physical Functional performance of the subjects through-out the hospital stay and also after discharge during follow up.
CORRELACIÓN EN COSTOS DE UN DISEÑO DE UNA CIMENTACIÓN SUPERFICIAL RÍGIDA Y FLEXIBLE CONSIDERANDO LA CONSOLIDACIÓN UNIDIMENSIONAL
Authors: Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro
Published: November 2020

El documento presenta una metodología de análisis geotécnico - estructural basado en las teorías elásticas y asimismo se calculó el incremento de costo del diseño de la estructura obtenida al emplear esta metodología. Se analizó una edificación de concreto reforzado de 6 niveles cimentada sobre un suelo arcilloso que originó asentamientos por consolidación unidimensional produciendo un nuevo análisis debido al incremento de las distorsiones en la estructura generando un diferencial de esfuerzo y aumento de los momentos en los elementos estructurales. El análisis de la estructura mostró que la energía de deformación de estos diferenciales de esfuerzos será disipada a través de los materiales que conforman los elementos estructurales de concreto reforzado. Se concluyó que aumentando la cuantía de acero estructural en 85.05% absorbería el incremento del momento producido por los asentamientos por consolidación unidimensional afectando de manera directa al costo del proyecto, pero reduciendo la probabilidad de generación de grietas en los elementos estructurales y el futuro colapso de la edificación.
COMUNICACIÓN LABORAL Y ESTRÉS EN TIEMPOS DE COVID-19. CENTROS DE SALUD MINSA LLACUABAMBA Y PARCOY
Authors: Lecca-Flores Judith Paola , Lora-Loza Miryam Griselda , Rodriguez Vega Juan Luis , Pérez Martinto Pedro Carlos
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Determinar durante la pandemia por COVID-19 la relación entre la comunicación y el estrés laboral en el personal asistencial de los Centros de Salud-MINSA Llacuabamba y Parcoy. Materiales y Métodos: El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo-correlacional de diseño transversal involucrando a 53 trabajadores asistenciales entre ambas instituciones, para ello, se aplicaron dos cuestionarios estructurados. Resultados: Se encontró que una mayor proporción percibió la comunicación laboral como poco adecuada (67,9%) y el nivel del estrés laboral predominantemente leve (43,3%). También se encontró que las dimensiones de la comunicación como dirección de la comunicación, redes de comunicación, selección del canal de comunicación y barreras de comunicación, fueron mayoritariamente poco adecuados (56,6%, 60,4% 66,0% y 60,4% respectivamente). Conclusiones: Durante el COVID-19 existe relación significativa (p<0,05) entre la comunicación el estrés laboral en el personal asistencial de los Centros de Salud-MINSA Llacuabamba y Parcoy. Las dimensiones de la comunicación que se relacionan significativamente con el estrés laboral, son: dirección de la comunicación y redes de comunicación. También se concluye que No existe relación significativa (p>0,05) entre el estrés laboral y las dimensiones de la comunicación como la selección del canal y barreras de comunicación en el personal asistencial de los Centros de Salud-MINSA Llacuabamba y Parcoy.
PROYECTO LEGISLATIVO DEL CÓDIGO CIVIL PERUANO PARA LA ACTUALIZACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA EN EL REGISTRO DE DATOS PERSONALES EN TRÁMITES CON ENTIDADES PÚBLICAS
Authors: Fabio Jair Rázuri Ugaz
Published: November 2020

La presente investigación tiene como tema fundamental la inseguridad jurídica con referencia al derecho de identidad y sus manifestaciones, en donde se busca dar una posible solución frente a la  falta de actualización del estado civil y en el matrimonio civil y en la seguridad jurídica, la falta de actualizar datos lleva consigo, que al no estar correctamente registrado puede tener problemas en cuanto a bienes nos referíamos, ya que se pudo adquirir durante el matrimonio pero ya se divorció, pues tiene como objetivo general la elaboración de un proyecto legislativo para adicionar en el Código Civil Peruano actualización automática en el registro de datos personales en trámites con entidades públicas con respecto al Estado Civil y el Matrimonio Civil de las personas, mejorara la seguridad en el tráfico jurídico, en la cual se requiere la combinación de métodos analítico y sintético, en conjugación con el deductivo y el inductivo, se trata de responder o dar cuenta del porqué del objeto que se investiga.