bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards teaching undergraduate-level disciplinary writing in English majors: A genre-based approach
Authors: SARICAOĞLU Aysel
Published: February 2022

Teaching students disciplinary writing skills is important in supporting them to develop a disciplinary identity, to become a member of their scientific communities, and to be academically and professionally more successful. Disciplinary writing practices are often implemented at the graduate level where students are familiarized with the processes of creating knowledge and the forms of written products within their disciplines. However, at the undergraduate level, disciplinary writing instruction is not a common practice in most higher education institutions in Turkey. This study addresses disciplinary writing needs of junior-level students in English Language and Literature (ELL) and English Language Teaching (ELT) and seeks to contribute to our understanding of how we can assist students' disciplinary writing skills at an early stage in their undergraduate studies. It describes an undergraduate-level research-informed and genre-based disciplinary writing course for the ELL and ELT disciplines. The course aims to equip students with disciplinary knowledge and writing skills in line with the requirements of their departmental writing tasks. The course is described with a focus on learning objectives, teaching units, weekly structure, sample teaching materials and activities, and assessment of students' written work. The challenges associated with developing and teaching this course are addressed, and some considerations that teachers must think about when implementing and evaluating the course are given.
The portrayal of femininity and maternity in Mehmed, My Hawk and The Kalevala
Authors: SARIBAŞ Serap
Published: February 2022

Over the last few years there have been alterations in the construction of gender, particularly for women. The concepts of sex and gender are divided with sex remaining biological, and gender becoming constructed. The depiction of the ideal woman as passive, faithful, and obedient thus changed. As the gender issue reforms, motherhood has also begun to be questioned due to its association with the female sex. Women who meet these requirements are labelled “good” mothers, while those who do not are “bad”. Such changes in gender and motherhood led to the distinct characterization of women in daily life and these women began to be portrayed in literature with a special emphasis on their newly constructed female images. Novels and plays that display the changing face of motherhood with careless, nasty and irresponsible mothers have also appeared. However, there are still literary works that represent a more traditional woman and mother. In literature, even the representation of traditional womanhood and motherhood differs since some writers use these women to reveal their weakness, oppression, and vulnerability while others use their literary ability to exhibit how a traditional woman and mother can be strong, dedicated and compassionate to her children. Elias Lönnrot, a well-known literary figure in Finland, with his epic compilation of national folklore, The Kalevala, and Yashar Kemal, one of the most noteworthy authors of Turkish literature, with his renowned Memed, My Hawk, unveil entirely divergent attitudes towards the identities of “woman” and “mother”. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how Kemal portrays womanhood and motherhood positively in Memed, My Hawk, while Lönnrot flaunts a dismissive viewpoint in The Kalevala. Analysis of these two masterpieces from disparate authors and epochs shows their distinctiveness in consideration of the Anatolian and Finnish cultures.
Sosialisasi Dan pelatihan POB Monitoring Sampah Laut Terdampar Bagi Guru-Guru Kimia Alumni FKIP Universitas Mataram Sekota Mataram Dan Sekitarnya Dalam Rangka Menuju Zero Plastic
Authors: Muti'ah Muti'ah , Siahaan Jeckson , Purwoko Agus Abhi , Haris Mukhtar , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan POB monitoring sampah laut terdampar bagi guru-ruru kimia dalam rangka menuju zero plastic. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut telah dilakukan kegiatan: sosialisasi secara daring, pendampingan/praktek pengambilan dan pengukuran jumlah sampah, dan evaluasi.

Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Kegiatan sosialisasi dan praktek pengumpulan dan identifikasi sampah di lokasi Pantai Batas Senja Mapak Mataram telah berjalan dengan baik dan peserta  menunjukan perhatian yang cukup tinggi, (2) Hasil praktek pengumpulan dan  pengukuran jumlah serta berat sampah dihasilkan 4 jenis sampah yaitu plastik, kayu, logam, dan karet. Untuk sampah plastik mendominasi jumlah dan beratnya  yaitu  170 item dengan berat 1050 gr /50m2. (3) Hasil analisis sampah plastik didapatkan bahwa 63,9% berasal dari bungkus makanan/ jajanan atau minuman dan 36,1% berasal barang kegiatan masyarakat.  (4) Dari hasil respon  kegiatan ini di dapatkan bahwa semua peserta menyatakan siap menjadi pendekar/srikandi “sampah” di sekolah masing masing.

Kesimpulan dari kegiatan adalah  adanya kesadaran yang tinggi dari para  guru untuk mengedukasi  siswanya tentang bahaya  dan cara mengurangi sampah plastik menuju zero plastic setelah mengikuti kegiatan.
Effect of internet banking on the performance of small-medium enterprises in Enugu metropolis
Authors: Maureen Ifeoma Iyke-Ofoedu  , Onodugo Ifeoma Joanes  , Umeh Anthony Chinedu
Published: February 2022

The study examined the effect of internet banking on small and medium enterprises performance in Enugu Metropolis. Specifically this study aims to determine the (i) the effect of internet effectiveness on small and medium enterprises business expansion in Enugu Metropolis, and (ii) the effect of internet convenience on small and medium enterprise quality of job delivery in Enugu Metropolis. The study made use of descriptive survey design. The study used structured questionnaire to obtain data. The population of the study is 650 with sample size of 264. Summary of the study includes: the findings of the study revealed that internet effectiveness has significant effect on small and medium enterprises business expansion in Enugu metropolis (t – statistics (38.887) > P – value (0.000), the findings of the study also revealed that internet convenience has significant effect on small and medium enterprise quality of job delivery in Enugu metropolis (t – statistics (33.446) > P – value (0.000), and the findings of the study revealed that internet accessibility has significant effect on small and medium enterprise expansion of income base in Enugu metropolis, because internet accessibility enables to conduct banking business over the internet where costs are minimal, since (t – statistics (51.826) > P – value (0.000). The study recommends that small and medium enterprises should organize training on internet banking from time to time for the benefit of its customers; this will go a long way to enhance the benefits derived by the bank from internet banking.
A review of tourism impact in Cross River State
Authors: Ewona Theresa Igwe  , Ewona Igwe Otaba  , Essien Ceasar Edem
Published: February 2022

Impacts of tourism development have become more and more visible in the society, following the rapid growth of the tourism industry. This review is focused on the impacts and assessment procedures of tourism impacts on development in the context of sustainability in Cross River State. Although, it is commonly known that tourism can contribute significantly to economic growth, this is not without attendant negative impacts, particularly on the environment. River state tourism holds great potentials for socioeconomic development showcasing several fascinating tourism sites. However, poor budgetary allocation required to fund tourism activities and the development of the sector has impeded substantive progress. This is principally due in part to the ceding of the oil-rich Bakassi peninsular to Cameroon and later seventy-six oil wells to Akwa Ibom state. Other factors include: over taxation, security concerns, poor publicity, dilapidated facilities and infrastructure, inadequate involvement of private partners, poor motivation to locals and tourism workers, etc. Results of tourism impact assessment are veritable tools Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA which further helps developers identify possible growth patterns of the industry. The Tourism impacts on the citizenry model, TIC represents the simplest and direct approach to tourism impact assessment. Incorporation of extreme weather events are becoming important factors in tourism development.
Penyuluhan Mengenai Pendidikan Politik Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Bagi Pemilih Pemula di Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Kejuruan Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Himawati Ika Pasca , Arwani Marwan
Published: February 2022

Pemilu menjadi bagian penting dalam penyelenggaraan system demokrasi di Indonesia. Kehadiran pemilu merupakan upaya bagi warga Negara dalam menyalurkan hak suara dalam memilih para wakil rakyat. Remaja yang telah memasuki usia 17 tahun merupakam kalangan pemilih pemula yang juga memiliki andil dalam memberikan hak suaranya. Oleh karena itu, pendidikan politik daam menumbuhkan kesadaran poitik bagi pemula menjadi penting untuk dilakukan guna memberikan pengetahuan secara substantif dan komprehensif. Serta membangun kapasitas berpikir dan kemampuan teknis dalam memilih parawakil rakyat pada saat pemilu berlangsung. Adapun sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah para pelajar yang akan menjadi pemilih pemula di Sekolah amenengah atas dan kejuruan yang ada di Kota Bengkulu. Sekolah Menengah Atas dan kejuruan yang dimaksu dadalah SMAN 6 dan SMKN 3 Kota Bengkulu. Metode kegiatan dilakukan melalui ceramah dan diskusi secara interaktif. Efektifitas kegiatan dilakukan dengan pemberian pre test dan post test. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh di SMAN 6 ialah bahwa data rata-rata pengetahuan siswa mengenai pendidikan politik mengalami kenaikan mencapai 26,77 % setelah mendapatkan materi yang diberikan oleh tim pengabdian masyarakat. Kenaikan pengetahuan juga terjadi di SMKN 3 Kota Bengkulu yang merupakan sekolah kejuruan, dimana kenaikan pengetahuan siswa yang diukur melalui post test setelah mendapatkan materi dari narasumber mencapai  37,5 %. Hal ini menujukkan adanya tingkat kenaikan pengetahuan yang terjadi pasca kegiatan berlangsung,
PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH, TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI, PENGENDALIAN INTERN, DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Rahmawati Meliana , Trisnawati Rina
Published: February 2022

This study analyzes the effect of applying government accounting standards, the use of information technology, internal control systems, and work motivation on the quality of financial reports. The sample in this study was 19 Dinas in the Boyolali Regency. Methods of data collection by using a questionnaire to 52 respondents from the finance department. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling with a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program. This study indicates that government accounting standards, the use of information technology, and work motivation do not affect the quality of financial reports, while the internal control system affects the quality of financial reports.
PENGARUH MAQASHID SYARIAH INDEX DAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2016 – 2019
Authors: Santoso Selamet Eko Budi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh maqashid syariah index terhadap dan Islamic social reporting, terhadap profitabilitas bank syariah di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, profitabilitas diukur dengan menggunakan ROA (Return On Asset). sampel penelitian ini adalah bank umum syariah nasional di Indonesia yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan tahun 2016-2019, sebanyak 14 bank syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Maqashid syariah index berpengaruh positif terhadap profitabilitas bank umum syariah. Sedangkan Islamic social reporting, tidak berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas bank umum syariah.
Granada: centro histórico y ciudad contemporánea. Tensiones y conflictos
Authors: Isac Martínez de Carvajal Ángel
Published: February 2022

La historia urbana de Granada ofrece etapas muy singulares, que han dejado una profunda huella en la ciudad contemporánea. Granada, una ciudad romántica por excelencia, no ha tenido fácil su modernización en época contemporánea. El embovedado del río Darro o la apertura de la Gran Vía de Colón provocaron rechazos muy significativos; en 2021, muchos de sus edificios son parte del patrimonio protegido. Entre los conflictos urbanos más importantes, destacan los ocurridos en la Vega. Este territorio ha sido sometido a tensiones especulativas agresivas que, en las últimas décadas, lo han llevado a casi su desaparición. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la conflictiva historia urbana de la ciudad y finaliza con algunas consideraciones sobre la candidatura de Granada para ser designada Capital Europea de la Cultura (2031).
DIPASQUALE, L.; MECCA, S.; CORREIA, M. (ed) From Vernacular to World Heritage. Firenze University Press, Florencia, 2020.
Authors: Manzano Fernández Sergio
Published: February 2022

Los resultados del proyecto de investigación 3dPast – Living & virtual visiting European World Heritage, finalizado en 2020, se proyectan en la presente publicación recogiendo la experiencia de un gran número de investigadores en conjuntos patrimoniales reconocidos por la UNESCO como Patrimonio Mundial, en enclaves como Portugal, España, Italia, o Finlandia, entre otros; con el fin de ofrecer una interesante serie de reflexiones y estrategias para la puesta en valor y difusión de la calidad arquitectónica del patrimonio cultural europeo en sus diferentes dimensiones, a través de herramientas, tecnologías y canales de difusión contemporáneos que aporten nuevas perspectivas de potenciación y afronten los diferentes desafíos de los escenarios actuales.
Current Insights into the Evolution of Cameroon English: The Contribution of the ‘Anglophone Problem’
Authors: Nkwain Joseph
Published: February 2022

The resurgence of what is today referred to as the ‘Anglophone problem/crisis’ has led to several sociocultural, religious, political and linguistic developments which have in no little measure contributed to reshaping the linguistic landscape of Camerooon. Through the Ecolinguistic and Descriptive Statistical Approaches, this investigation delves into the linguistic fallouts and dynamics of the crisis and illustrates how through different linguistic processes like borrowing, neologisms, affixation, blending, clipping, translation and interpretation, etc., English in Cameroon is undergoing indigenisation. This paper demonstrates how the sensitive issue at stake has proffered a propitious breeding ground for the eventual enrichment of the lexical capital of the language. Thus, recurrent patterns in popular usage, viz: ambalander, aluta continua, total ghosting of towns, black cats/vipers/tigers of General Ivo, dipper wearing regime, Bui/Manyu county, royal beggars, Operation Whistle and Pepper Spray, inter alia, constitute new forms of expression as well as old forms that have been accorded novel semantic shades in order to express meaningful thought.
Some Remarks on the Five Criteria of Democracy
Authors: Petratos Panagiotis
Published: February 2022

In a recent article published in this journal, Gregory T. Papanikos presented and discussed the five criteria of democracy. This paper further discusses these criteria by providing some additional ancient sources in light of the modern application of democracy in various countries. It is shown that these five criteria had a diachronic effect in ancient Athens as is demonstrated by a number of ancient writers. I use excerpts from some ancient works to show that this was the case.
NILAI RASIO GESEK PERMUKAAN TANAH-GEOTEKSTIL
Authors: Fitriansyah Muhammad , Muzaidi Irwandy , Anggraini Elia
Published: February 2022

AbstrakPemakaian geotekstil dalam konstruksi ada pertimbangan yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu salah satunya jenis tanah yang akan di gunakan sebagai bahan urugan  pada permukaan geotekstil , karena peggunaan jenis geotekstil dan jenis tanah akan memberikan pengaruh trehadap gaya gesek permukaan tanah-geotekstil. Kontak permukaan tanah-geotekstil akan menghasilkan nilai rasio gesekan permukaan antara tanah dengan geotekstil yang disebut dengan gaya gesek interface (d). Nilai gesek interface sangat di pengaruhi oleh nilai sudut Gesek (f) dan kohesi (c) tanah. sedangkan geotekstil akan memberikan daya dukung gesekan permukaan tergantung dari jenis geotektil. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen skala labratorium. Dari hasil pengujian sifat fisis tanah, diketahui jenis tanah yang digunakan adalah tanah Gambut berjenis Hemic (gambut matang sedang) dan tanah lempung yang mengandung pasir (lempung berpasir). Berdasarkan dari hasil pengujian di laboratorium nilai sudut Gesek tanah lebih tinggi jika kondisi tidak terendam air dibandingkan dengan kondisi terendam air  AbstractThe use of geotextiles in construction has considerations that need to be considered, namely one of the types of soil that will be used as backfill material on the geotextile surface, because the use of geotextile types and soil types will have an influence on the frictional forces of the geotextile-soil surface. The contact of the soil-geotextile surface will produce a value of the surface friction ratio between the soil and the geotextile which is called the interface friction force (d). The interface friction value is strongly influenced by the friction angle (f) and soil cohesion (c) values. while geotextile will provide surface friction bearing capacity depending on the type of geotextile. The method used in this study is a laboratory scale experimental method. From the results of testing the physical properties of the soil, it is known that the type of soil used is Hemic peat soil (medium mature peat) and clay soil containing sand (sandy loam). Based on the results of testing in the laboratory, the value of the friction angle of the soil is higher if the condition is not submerged in water compared to the condition under water.
PENILAIAN KETIDAKRATAAN JALAN DENGAN ALAT UKUR NAASRA PADA RUAS JALAN BULU – BATAS KOTA TUBAN, KABUPATEN TUBAN, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Prasetyo Yudi Dwi , Sukamta Christanto Yudha Saputra , Maria CA Theresia
Published: February 2022

AbstrakTingkat ketidakrataan jalan merupakan parameter awal yang biasa digunakan untuk mengukur kondisi jalan. Alat dan metode yang digunakan adalah alat NAASRA  atau biasa disebut dengan Roughometer NAASRA. Penggunaan metode dan alat ini berdasarkan SNI 03-3426-1994 untuk mendapatkan keseragaman dalam memperoleh nilai kerataan permukaan perkerasan jalan yang digunakan sebagai salah satu masukan dalam pemyusunan rencana dan program pembinaan jaringan jalan. Dari hasil pengukuran nilai IRI pada ruas jalan Bulu – Batas Kota Tuban, Kabupaten Tuban diperoleh 46,73% jalan dalam kondisi baik, 52,12% jalan dalam kondisi sedang dan 1,15% jalan dalam kondisi rusak ringan. Sehingga jenis penangan yang dilakukan pada ruas jalan tersebut adalah pemeliharaan rutin untuk kondisi jalan baik dan sedang sepanjang 42,943 km dan rehabilitasi mayor dan minir sepanjang 0,500 km.AbstractThe initial parameter commonly used to measure road conditions is the level of road unevenness. The tools and methods that used are NAASRA tools or commonly referred to as NAASRA Roughometers. The use of this method and tool was based on SNI 03-3426-1994 to acquire uniformity in obtaining the value of the surface flatness of the road pavement that used as one of the inputs in the preparation of plans and road network development programs. From the results of the measurement of the IRI value on the Bulu - Tuban City boundary road, Tuban Regency, it was found that 46.73% of the road was in good condition, 52.12% of the road was in moderate condition and 1.15% of the road was in a lightly damaged condition. So that the types of handling carried out on these roads were routine maintenance for good and moderate road conditions along 42,943 km and major and minor rehabilitation along 0.500 km
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA YAYASAN SOSIAL DI SURABAYA DENGAN METODE SERVICE QUALITY (SERVQUAL) DAN QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD)
Authors: Astanti Dhita Widya , Irawati Desrina Yusi
Published: February 2022

Yayasan sosial sangat banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Agar tetap unggul dengan yayasan serupa, yayasan sosial harus memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan memenuhi kepentingan penerima layanan.  Apabila pelayanan yang diterima sesuai atau melampaui harapan penerima layanan, maka kualitas pelayanan dipersepsikan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi persepsi dan harapan penerima layanan dari salah satu yayasan sosial yang bergerak dalam bidang pendidikan di Surabaya. Selanjutnya menganalisis langkah perbaikan yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan yayasan sosial tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur nilai kepuasan penerima layanan dan penentuan perbaikan adalah dengan metode Servqual dan QFD. Data diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner yang diisi oleh 43 penerima layanan. Kuesioner berisi lima kriteria utama Servqual, yaitu tangible, reliability, emphaty, assurance, dan responsiveness.  Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kuesioner, dari 17 atribut terdapat 16 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap negatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden kurang puas dengan pelayanan pendamping saat kegiatan pengajaran. Perhitungan Servqual tersebut menjadi masukan dalam membangun HoQ. Penyusunan HoQ terdiri dari costumer needs, planning matrix, technical response, relationship, technical correlations, dan technical matrix. Dari pengolahan HoQ bagian technical matrix, nilai technical response terbesar yang perlu dilaksanakan oleh yayasan sosial yakni melakukan pendataan kebutuhan belajar dan perencanaan materi ajar. Kegiatan tersebut penting dilakukan karena sebagai dasar pendamping melakukan kegiatan yang bertujuan jelas.
Desain Vaksin Berbasis Epitop dengan Pendekatan Bioinformatika untuk Menekan Glikoprotein Spike SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Firmansyah M Afrizal , Susilo Aris , Haryanti Septina D , Herowati Rina
Published: February 2022

Vaksinasi menjadi salah satu kunci pencegahan penyebaran Covid-19. Rekayasa teknologi berbasis pelemahan virus perlu diterapkan dalam pengembangan vaksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rancangan vaksin berbasis epitop yang memiliki resiko reaksi alergi yang lebih rendah, aman, dan murah.

Rancangan vaksin diawali dengan pengambilan data sekuens SARS-CoV-2, analisis filogenetika, prediksi antigenisitas protein, dan identifikasi epitop sel T. Selanjutnya dilakukan konservasi epitop dan prediksi imunogenitas, serta analisis penambatan molekuler untuk melihat interaksi antara epitop dengan alel. Tahapan berikutnya dilakukan prediksi epitop sel B, prediksi population coverage, konstruksi dan visualisasi desain vaksin, analisis struktur dan validasi, analisis interaksi antara vaksin dengan TLR 3 dan TLR 4, serta evaluasi imunogenitas desain vaksin. Semua tahap dilakukan menggunakan webserver yang sesuai.

Desain vaksin yang dihasilkan memiliki antigenitas 0,5134, tidak toksik, dan tidak bersifat alergen. Parameter fisika kimia memenuhi syarat kecuali BM yang kurang dari 40 KDa. Hasil desain vaksin diprediksi memiliki population coverage 95,14% untuk populasi Indonesia. Hasil prediksi imunogenitas desain vaksin menunjukkan peningkatan IgM dan IgG hingga hari ke-35.
The Perbandingan Kuesioner EQ-5D-5L dan SF-6D untuk Mengukur Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: SUKAWATI NI WAYAN
Published: February 2022

Penyakit ginjal kronik adalah suatu proses patofisiologis dengan etiologi yang beragam, mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi ginjal yang progresif, dan pada umumnya berakhir dengan gagal ginjal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien penyakit ginjal kronik di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta yang dinilai menggunakan instrumen EQ-5D-5L dan SF-6D.

Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara prospektif, dengan membagikan kuesioner EQ-5D-5L dan SF-6D kepada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang melakukan pemeriksaan rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Yogyakarta.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  kuesioner SF-6D dan EQ-5D-5L valid dan reliabel untuk digunakan dalam menggambarkan kualitas hidup  pasien penyakit ginjal kronik rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Yogakarta. Nilai utilitas pasien penyakit ginjal kronik pada  kuesioner SF-6D sebesar 0,739 dan pada kuesioner EQ-5D-5L sebesar 0,617. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien penyakit ginjal kronik adalah jenis kelamin dan stadium yang dinilai dengan kuesioner SF-6D dan EQ-5D-5L.
Uji Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) pada Kultur Sel Hela
Authors: Sari Ghani Nurfiana Fadma , Rejeki Endang Sri
Published: February 2022

Di Indonesia kanker serviks menempati urutan kedua setelah kanker payudara yang dialami oleh wanita. Stevia merupakan tanaman perdu yang dimanfaatkan sebagai pemanis rendah kalori. Stevia juga memiliki senyawa bioaktif seperti steviosida, alkaloid, tanin, steroid dan flavonoid yang bermanfaat sebagai pengobatan. Penelitian daun stevia sebagai antikanker belum banyak dilakukan.  Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian efek sitotoksik daun stevia terhadap sel HeLa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai IC50 daun stevia terhadap sel HeLa.

Ekstraksi daun stevia dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol daun stevia diuji efeknya terhadap sel HeLa menggunakan metode MTT dengan seri konsentrasi 500; 250; 125; 62,5; 31,25; 15,625 µg/mL. Cisplastin (Kalbe) digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan kontrol sel sebagai kontrol negatif.

Hasil pengujian aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanol daun stevia terhadap sel HeLa menunjukkan nilai IC50 511,07 ± 1,62 µg/ml dan nilai IC50 Cisplatin 16,16  ± 1,75 µg/ml. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun stevia dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen kemopreventif untuk kanker yang berperan mencegah perkembangan sel kanker.
Clasificación de humedales de montaña (Vegas) en los Andes Centrales de Argentina
Authors: Ontivero Marcela , Martínez Carretero Eduardo , Perucca Laura
Published: February 2022

Introducción y objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue clasificar las vegas en los Andes Centrales entre los 28° y 53°S, con base en la geomorfología y la hidrología. Además, se buscó caracterizar las vegas del área de estudio en base a la superficie, altura y pendiente según tipología. 
M&M: La determinación de las distintas tipologías se realizó en base a un enfoque biofísico integrado a distintas escalas espaciales, donde se identificó las vegas y se determinó su vinculación con la hidrología y geomorfología.  Se determinaron los tipos de escurrimientos dominantes y las unidades geomorfológicas. Se utilizaron imágenes satelitales ALOS- AVNIR-2, Landsat 5 TM   y datos de campo. 
Resultados: Se identificaron 304 vegas que están determinadas por la unidad geomorfológica (planicies fluviales, abanico aluvial, ladera, piedemonte indiferenciado, depresión sin descarga superficial con o sin agua y falla) y el tipo de escurrimiento dominante (superficial lineal, subsuperficial mantiforme y subsuperficial mantiforme a superficial lineal). Se reconocen cuatro tipologías de vegas:  Ribera, Ladera, Depresión y Falla. La tipología de Ribera y de Ladera fueron las dominantes en cuanto a número y superficie. La altura y la pendiente no resultaron diferentes entre tipologías. 
Conclusiones: Las vegas en los Andes Centrales responden a 4 tipologías: Ribera, Falla, Ladera y Depresión. Existe una estrecha relación entre las vegas, la geomorfología y el escurrimiento dominante, lo que permite clasificarlas y analizar distintas medidas de manejo. Los resultados obtenidos son un aporte al estudio de ecosistemas de alto valor ecológico y socio-económico en la región.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polyphenols on the outcomes of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Grabež Milkica , Škrbić Ranko , Stojiljković Miloš P , Vučić Vesna , Rudić Grujić Vesna , Jakovljević Vladimir , Djuric Dragan M , Suručić Relja , Šavikin Katarina , Bigović Dubravka , Vasiljević Nađa
Published: February 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation which are well known cardiovascular risk factors. Pomegranate peel polyphenols have a proven hypolipemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, there is a lack of clinical studies that would confirm its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients. The potential of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in T2DM patients was investigated. For this purpose, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study involving adult T2DM patients treated with PoPEx or placebo for eight-weeks was conducted. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (n = 30) received capsules containing PoPEx 250 mg twice daily, while the placebo group (n = 30) received placebo capsules twice daily. Plasma concentration of inflammatory factors (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)), oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrites (NO2-), superoxide anion radical (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), homocysteine and lipid profile were analyzed. Results: The PoPEx treatment showed a significant reduction of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, hsCRP), oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, NO2-, O2-) and homocysteine, while the TAC was increased. Moreover, a significant improvement in lipid profile was observed in the PoPEx group. Additional analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between the decrements of all measured inflammatory markers and TAC in the PoPEx group. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that eight-week-long PoPEx administration had favorable effects on inflammatory status and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic patients.
Rekonstruksi Perabot Rumah Tangga Berdasarkan Relief Karmawibhangga Candi Borobudur
Authors: Widayat Rahmanu , B. Studyanto Anung
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan perabot rumah tangga saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, namun warisan perabot rumah tangga zaman dahulu masih ada yang tetap bertahan. Menarik mengetahui perabot rumah tangga pada abad ke-9 melalui relief Karmawibhangga Candi Borobudur yang berbentuk dua dimensi. Lebih menarik lagi membuat replika perabot rumah tangga ini sehingga dapat diketahui bentuk tiga dimensinya. Persoalannya adalah apa saja dan bagaimana bentuk perabot rumah tangga yang terdapat pada relief Candi Borobudur. Selanjutnya apa saja manfaat menelaah perabot rumah tangga pada relief Candi Borobudur. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengidentifikasi, merekonstruksi, dan menarik nilai manfaatnya. Hasilnya beberapa jenis perabot rumah tangga dan beberapa replika. Nilai manfaatnya sebagai sumber inspirasi pengembangan desain perabot rumah tangga masa kini dan turut menghargai dan mengembangkan warisan tanpa surat wasiat dari nenek moyang.
Pot and Growing Medium Effect to The Growth of Dendrobium Orchid
Authors: Wirawati Tutut , Priyanto Sugeng
Published: February 2022

Some of the issues to achieve Dendrobium orchid with flourish flowers and maximum growth quality are to choose the suitable type of planting pots and also the right growing medium. The purpose of this research is to determine the best planting pot and growing medium for Dendrobium sp. The research was carried in Kebun Percobaan Faculty of Agriculture UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Dusun Sempu, Desa Wedomartani, Kecamatan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, from April – August 2021. The research was carried in specially designed greenhouse with two treatment factors and used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Factor I was a three different types of pots: black plastic pot, transparent plastic pot, and clay pot. Factor II was four different types of growing medium: fern, sphagum (peat moss), charcoal, and coconut coir. Each treatment combination was repeated thrice. Observed parameter consisted of agronomic parameters. Analysis of varience (ANOVA) with 5% significance rate and Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significance rate was used for data analyzing. The result of this research showed that black plastic and transparent pot, also sphagum and charcoal as the growing medium have better effect for the growth of Dendrobium orchid.
Main Aquifer Analysis Using Vertical Electrical Sounding to Determine the Location of Drilling Well
Authors: Widodo Priyo , Utomo Hadi , Utami Yekti , Sukowati Mazda Aina , Bargawa Waterman Sulistyana
Published: February 2022

Water is an important aspect of life. People need clean water for their household needs. Problems arise when the supply of clean water does not meet the needs of the community as felt by the residents of Madurejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. In the dry season, the groundwater level decreases so that the air supply decreases. This study aims to analyze the existence of aquifers that can meet the needs of the community throughout the year. This research has a research flow starting from surveys, field orientation, field measurements, analysis of measurement results, then the location of aquifer locations. The measurement method in the field uses a vertical sounding geoelectric method with a Schlumberger array. This measurement has the main objective of identifying the subsurface as a potential aquifer in Madurejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Method of measuring rock resistivity by injection of subsurface currents. Data retrieval is carried out at 2 points with a track length (AB) of 150 to 250 meters. for processing using interpretation software with the final result in the form of rock lithology. This research uses IP2WIN Software and Progress 3.0. The results showed that the two points were close to the existence of the aquifer. The software analyzes at a depth of 9.35-51.5 m at sounding point 1 and 60-80.8 m at sounding point 2 is an aquifer layer. The study concluded that wells could be drilled at both points.
Geotechnical Perspective on Dozer-Push Method in Coal Mining Operations
Authors: Dwinagara Barlian , Hariyanto Raden , Lusantono Oktarian Wisnu , Prabandaru Prasodo Datu
Published: February 2022

The rapid increase of technological development is currently playing a role in the mining industry. The dozer push exploitation method is an alternative to the conventional truck and shovel method. Heavy dozers have the ability to move large amounts of waste material in short distances at a low cost, while trucks and shovels will be more economical if over long distances. Geotechnical assessment becomes one of the critical considerations in making a decision plan and slope design for mining activities where the dozer push activities were carried out. Material conditions greatly affect slope stability, which can be defined as material behavior based on the physical and mechanical properties of the material. The slope stability analysis method used in this study was a combination of two methods, the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). These two combinations of analytical methods will strengthen the justification of the geotechnical perspective. By understanding the behavior of the material on a slope, the risk of a slope failure can be controlled and minimized using a geotechnical perspective. The parameters that will be studied in this study are the physical and mechanical properties of the material against several conceptual design options
Extraction of Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) using Hydrodistillation Method: The Effect of F/S Ratio and Extraction Time
Authors: Murni Sri Wahyu , Setyoningrum Tutik Muji , Cahyaningrum Fransisca Xaveria Desti  Dwi , Alodia Sheila , Kusuma Heri Septya
Published: February 2022

Essential oils are volatile aromatic compounds produced by plants. Essential oils are known by various names, including ethereal oils because they have ether properties, volatile oils because they evaporate easily at room temperature, and essential oils because they contain the essence of a plant. Lemongrass is one of the plants that produce essential oils. Extraction of citronella oil can use several methods such as hydrodistillation, pressing, solvent extraction, and adsorption by vaporizing solid fat (enfleurage). In this study the method that will be used is hydrodistillation. This study aims to determine the effect of the mass ratio of citronella oil to the volume of solvent, namely aquadest, on the yield of citronella oil and to determine the effect of the length of extraction time required on the yield of citronella oil.
Histopathologic Profile of Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of Gallbladder
Authors: Goyal Binita
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Neoplastic lesions of gallbladder are less well defined than other lesions in gastrointestinal tract due to rarity of lesions and also poor accessibility of this site. More than fifty percent cases of cancer are clinically missed. This study was aimed to see the histopathologic spectrum of premalignant and malignant lesions, compare clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis and see association between gross morphology and missed clinical diagnosis.
Methods: This study was conducted on 56 consecutive cases of premalignant and malignant lesions of gallbladder received in study period of 10 years from January 2011 to December 2020.
Results: Age of the patients ranged from 13 – 84 years with a mean±SD of 56.8±13.7 years with maximum 17 (30.4%) cases in 41 – 50 years age group. There were 14 (25.0%) males and 42 (75.0%) females with a male female ratio of 1:3. 10 (17.9%) cases were premalignant lesions and 46 (82.1%) cases were malignant lesions. 93.5% malignant cases were adenocarcinoma. 41.3% cases were clinically not suspected to be malignant. There was no association between gross morphology and missed clinical diagnosis (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Routine histopathologic examination of all the resected gallbladder specimens is manadatory as important diagnosis can be missed.
Lived Experiences of COVID-19 Survivors in Nepal: A Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Silwal Suvekshya , Khadgi Deepika , Mahato Anju Kumari , Basnet Saraswati , Thapa Sheela , Niraula Ashala
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is the new public health crisis rapidly threatening the world. A deeper understanding of these devastating lifetime experiences helps to develop a more complete picture of how holistic health may have been affected in survivors from pandemic. The objective of the study was to explore the lived experiences of COVID-19 survivors.

Methods: A phenomenological qualitative research design was adopted following purposive sampling traced from the hospital record of Koshi Covid Hospital of Biratnagar, Province 1 Nepal. Based on principles of data saturation, ten covid survivors were interviewed following the interview guide. The obtained data were transcribed in reference to notes and tape recordings, and themes were generated. The data collection and analysis were carried out simultaneously, using thematic analysis phases of Gibson manually.

Results: The study findings emerged five themes: key stakeholders in COVID-19 pandemic, mystery of COVID-19, social stigma and discrimination, mass media influence, and safety measures. Most (8/10) of the participants reported COVID-19 as mysterious disease with unknown cause and few (2/10) reported peculiar symptoms (something stuck in throat, presence of abscess in chest, etc). Seven of them faced stigmatizing responses from health care workers and most of them reported inadequate health counseling at health care institutions.

Conclusions: COVID-19 survivors were scared of infecting their family and neighbors and of death related to infection. Interventions for breaking the chain of transmission were carried out, however, healthcare workers’ approach of care was inadequate along with stigma and discrimination. Adequate counseling is vital to address physical and psychological issues among survivors.
Intraoperative Blood Loss, Surgical Duration and Postoperative Pain following Cold Dissection Tonsillectomy and Bipolar Electrocautery Tonsillectomy
Authors: Bhandari Chhanya , Sharma Bibek , Pokharel Apar , Mayya Naganawalachulu Jayaprakash
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Tonsillectomy surgery is one of the common surgeries done in department of ENT and HNS. Over the past two centuries, indications and techniques for performing tonsillectomy has much changed. Several techniques for tonsillectomy are described, but their relative effectiveness still remains a matter of debate. To compare the intraoperative bleeding and post-operative pain following bipolar electrocautery tonsillectomy and cold dissection tonsillectomy.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted on 60 tonsillitis patients planned for surgery in College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan during a period of one year. They were divided into two groups: one undergoing tonsillectomy by use of bipolar electrocautery and the other Cold dissection tonsillectomy by random selection. Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pain were scored and compared.
Results: In this study, the mean blood loss during cold dissection tonsillectomy was 25ml and during bipolar cautery was 12ml. The average operative time was 30 minutes for cold dissection group and 25 minutes for bipolar cautery group. The pain score for Cold dissection tonsillectomy group was significantly significant less when compared with pain scores for bipolar cautery tonsillectomy group.
Conclusions: Our study shows that tonsillectomy using bipolar electrocautery causes less blood loss and decreased operative duration than cold steel dissection, however it caused relatively more postoperative pain than cold steel dissection tonsillectomy.
गण्डकीगौरवकाव्ये शास्त्रप्रभावः
Authors: रेग्मी Regmi जगन्नाथ  Jagannath
Published: February 2022

श्रीकृष्णगण्डकी भगवती भागीरथीव पुराणप्रथिता लोकवन्दिता प्राकृतिकसुषमया सम्पूरिता हिमगिरिप्रसूता नदी ।सरित्प्रवरा, चक्रनदी, गण्डिका, गण्डकी इत्याादीनि अस्या नामानि । इमां सरित्प्रवरामधिकृत्य पन्थीत्युपाह्वेनउमानाथेन गण्डकीगौरवं काव्यं विरचितम् । अस्मिन् अध्ययने पूर्वोक्तकाव्ये शास्त्रप्रभावः कीदृश इति विवेचितोवर्तते । भाषासौष्ठवदृष्ट्या, वस्तुवर्णनदृष्ट्या,शास्त्रान्तरविषयप्रतिपादनदृष्ट्या च काव्यमिदं प्रभावकारि विद्यते ।काव्येऽस्मिन् गण्डकीविषये यत् किमपि वर्णितं तत् पौराणिकीः कथाः समुपजीव्य प्रस्तुतम् । विविधेषु शास्त्रेषुपुराणेषु च स्थितानि गण्डकीसम्बद्धान्युपाख्यानानि संक्षिप्य श्लोकेनैकेन सङ्केतितानि । आवश्यके स्थलेतेषां प्रमाणवचान्यपि टिप्पण्यां प्रदर्शितानि । गण्डक्या महत्वं जानन्तोऽपि नैपालककवयः गण्डकीं विहायगङ्गाया वर्णनेनात्मानं कृतार्थयन्तो दृश्यन्ते स्म । गण्डक्या महिमप्रकाशकस्य काव्यस्याभाव आसीत् । उमानाथकविनागण्डकीगौरवं काव्यं प्रणीय तस्याभावस्य पूर्तिर्विहिता, समाजो बहूपकृतः,नैपालकसंस्कृतकाव्यपरम्परा चसबलीकृतेति गण्डकीगौरवस्य शास्त्रीयं साहित्यिकञ्च महत्वं वर्तत इति अस्याध्ययनस्य सारः ।
A Hospital Based Study on Association of Herpes Zoster with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ranjit Sudina , Lama Laila , Karki Anupama , Shrestha Rushma
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus which presents with both neural and cutaneous manifestations. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder occurring in people which may result in decreased immunity. Several studies have been done in different parts of the world to look for an association between herpes zoster and diabetes mellitus. This study is done to determine any association between herpes zoster and diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods
The study was done on newly diagnosed HZ cases attending the outpatient department of Bir Hospital, Kathmandu. Inclusion criteria include new patients presenting with HZ to the department of dermatology, Bir hospital. Patients who refused to participate in the study, who were below 16years, suffering from psychiatric illness, lactating and pregnant females, and those taking drugs that can alter blood glucose levels were excluded from the study. The random blood sugar of each patient was done and in patients with raised blood sugar, fasting and postprandial blood sugar were done.
Results
Around 20% of herpes zoster patients were diabetics at presentation, mostly in the age group >65 years in both male and female. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was common in HZ patients.
Conclusion
Our study showed a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with herpes zoster mostly in the age group >65 years. So, elderly patients presenting with herpes zoster should be evaluated for a blood glucose levels.
Diagnostic Dilemma During Laparoscopic Cystectomy of Twisted Serous Cystadenofibroma of Ovary in Adolescent Girl – A Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Kayastha Suresh , Paudel Jamuna Kiran , Deo Rajiv , Joshi Hari Om , Thapa Sweta
Published: February 2022

The most ovarian tumor arises from the surface epithelium and the serous tumor is the most common histological variant. Serous cystadenofibroma is a rare variant of serous tumor that comprises both epithelial and fibrous stromal components. They are benign in nature but may often be misinterpreted as malignant nature due to their solid cystic nature with papillary projections. We herein report a case of twisted right ovarian cyst in 17 years unmarried girl that was clinically and radiologically benign and hence managed laparoscopically. Intraoperatively cyst ruptured that released clear serous fluid. During cystectomy, multiple small to large size (maximum 2x2 cm) papillary projections were noted within the uninoculated cyst without any other solid components. With the possibility of a borderline tumor, the patient party was counseled and opted for cystectomy with the possible need for a second surgery. The final histopathology report was benign serous cystadenofibroma.
Physical and Behavioral Health of Health Science Students of a Medical College of Nepal during COVID Pandemic
Authors: Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Kandel Sabita , Gurung Sanyukta , Joshi Bishal
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Worldwide pandemic of COVID 19 and its confinement has affected in some way the physical and behavioral aspect of every individual. Health science students are generally known to have reduced physical activity and decreased sleep duration. During the COVID pandemic health science students may adapt different health behavior because of their knowledge about the healthy behaviors. This study aims to explore the physical and behavioral health of health science students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus, and Maharajgunj Nursing Campus during COVID pandemic in Nepal.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to June 2021 using self-structured questionnaires to examine the students in two domains (i) Physical health (ii) Behavioral health. A convenience sampling was used. 146 students were enrolled in the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.
Results
The study revealed that 63% of the participants exercised during the pandemic. Majority of the female participants had change in eating pattern (65%) and sleeping pattern (60.3%) while majority of male reported no change in eating pattern (52.4%) and sleeping pattern (60.3%). Majority of both males (70%) and females (85.2%) consumed nutritious food during the pandemic. 98.8% females and 100% males used face mask and maintained physical distance while outdoor. Fewer participants with cough and fever (64.9%) self-isolated while majority used face mask (97.3%), covered mouth while coughing (94.6%) and maintained physical distance (81.1%). 
Conclusion
COVID pandemic was known to affect the physical health of health science students and they also adapted different behaviors during the pandemic.