bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-cost heuristics for matrix bandwidth reduction combined with a Hill-Climbing strategy
Authors: Gonzaga de Oliveira Sanderson L. , Silva Libério M.
Published: July 2021

This paper studies heuristics for the bandwidth reduction of large-scale matrices in serial computations. Bandwidth optimization is a demanding subject for a large number of scientific and engineering applications. A heuristic for bandwidth reduction labels the rows and columns of a given sparse matrix. The algorithm arranges entries with a nonzero coefficient as close to the main diagonal as possible. This paper modifies an ant colony hyper-heuristic approach to generate expert-level heuristics for bandwidth reduction combined with a Hill-Climbing strategy when applied to matrices arising from specific application areas. Specifically, this paper uses low-cost state-of-the-art heuristics for bandwidth reduction in tandem with a Hill-Climbing procedure. The results yielded on a wide-ranging set of standard benchmark matrices showed that the proposed strategy outperformed low-cost state-of-the-art heuristics for bandwidth reduction when applied to matrices with symmetric sparsity patterns.
New estimates for short Kloosterman sums with weights
Authors: Semenova Natalia Kirillovna
Published: July 2021

In the paper we obtain a new bound for short Kloosterman sums modulo a prime
with a weight. The derivation of the bound is based on Karatsuba's
method (1993-1995) of estimating incomplete Kloosterman sums and on a modification of the method proposed by Bourgain and Garaev (2014).
The theorems proved in the paper refine results obtained earlier by
Korolev (2010).
Immunotherapy-based targeting of MSLN
+
activated portal fibroblasts is a strategy for treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis
Authors: Nishio Takahiro , Koyama Yukinori , Liu Xiao , Rosenthal Sara B. , Yamamoto Gen , Fuji Hiroaki , Baglieri Jacopo , Li Na , Brenner Laura N. , Iwaisako Keiko , Taura Kojiro , Hagood James S. , LaRusso Nicholas F. , Bera Tapan K. , Pastan Ira , Brenner David A. , Kisseleva Tatiana
Published: July 2021

Significance

Mesothelin (Msln) expression is increased in tissue fibroblasts of damaged liver and other organs and Msln is a common mediator of liver, lung, and kidney fibrosis. We show that anti-Msln immunotoxins kill the Msln-expressing fibroblasts and reduce collagen type I deposition in fibrotic liver, indicating that agents that specifically kill Msln-expressing cells should be a useful treatment for cholestatic fibrosis. Targeting of Msln
+
fibroblasts by anti-Msln immunoconjugates may become a strategy for the treatment of parenchymal organ fibrosis.
Language dominance and shift among Kalhuri Kurdish speakers in the multilingual context of Iran
Authors: Weisi Hiwa
Published: July 2021

The current language policy and planning of many countries still adhere to the nation-state ideology of “one nation equals one official language”. This issue is likely to cause the linguistic minority groups to devalue or even abandon their own mother tongue and identify with the official language of the country. A case in point is Iran where Persian is the only official language and other languages are merely tolerated, but not promoted. The principal aim of this study is to find factors that lead Kalhuri Kurdish people to choose to speak with their children in Persian at the risk of losing their native language, a phenomenon which may happen as a result of linguistic/language suicide or because of linguicide. Therefore, a researcher-designed and validated questionnaire was administered to 384 Kalhuri Kurdish parents. The results indicated that the language policy and planning in Iran has made Kalhuri parents use Persian in interactions with their children instead of using their own vernacular, Kalhuri. The sociolinguistic implications of the study are discussed in the light of the research findings.
Gate-controlled magnetic transitions in Fe3GeTe2 with lithium ion conducting glass substrate*
Authors: Chen Guangyi , Zhang Yu , Qi Shaomian , Chen Jian-Hao
Published: July 2021

Since the discovery of magnetism in two dimensions, effective manipulation of magnetism in van der Waals magnets has always been a crucial goal. Ionic gating is a promising method for such manipulation, yet devices gated with conventional ionic liquid may have some restrictions in applications due to the liquid nature of the gate dielectric. Lithium-ion conducting glass-ceramics (LICGC), a solid Li+ electrolyte, could be used as a substrate while simultaneously acts as a promising substitute for ionic liquid. Here we demonstrate that the ferromagnetism of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) could be modulated via LICGC. By applying a voltage between FGT and the back side of LICGC substrate, Li+ doping occurs and causes the decrease of the coercive field (H
c) and ferromagnetic transition temperature (T
c) in FGT nanoflakes. A modulation efficiency for H
c of up to ∼ 24.6% under V
g = 3.5 V at T = 100 K is achieved. Our results provide another method to construct electrically-controlled magnetoelectronics, with potential applications in future information technology.
Chemical exfoliation and microwave absorption of reduced graphene oxide synthesized from old coconut shells
Authors: Kurniawan Affandi Faisal , Nadiyyah Khoirotun , Anwar Mohammad Syaiful , Andika Ajiesastra R. , Mashuri  , Triwikantoro  , Darminto
Published: July 2021

In this study, chemical exfoliation with the addition of hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution of old coconut shell reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was carried out. The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of the rGO phase and to investigate the effect of heating temperature variations and chemical exfoliation processes with the addition of HCl solution on the reflection loss value of old coconut shell rGO. The heating temperature variation is at 400°C and 700°C. Three variations of 1: 1, 1: 5, and 1:10 mole ratios are used in the mixing process of HCl with rGO. Based on the results of XRD testing, the old coconut shell charcoal has formed an rGO phase. Furthermore, VNA testing shows that the biggest reflection loss value is -8.42 dB at a frequency of 10.52 GHz achieved by the sample with the lowest electrical conductivity.
Investigation of the Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Pyrrolic N-doped Graphene Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Yutomo E B , Noor F A , Winata T
Published: July 2021

Modifying the bandgap and magnetic properties of graphene is one of the keys to realizing graphene-based nanodevices. Here, we investigate the effect of nitrogen concentration in the pyrrolic bond configuration on the magnetic properties of graphene using the spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. For a better understanding, we also calculated the electronic and structural properties of the pyrrolic N-doped graphene. This study used three models, i.e., pristine graphene and pyrrolic N-doped graphene with two nitrogen concentrations (N
x
G1

−

x
, x=2.000% and 3.125%). We observed that the higher the dopant concentration, the more the deformation of the planar structure in pyrrolic N-doped graphene. This is indicated by the more wrinkled structure that forms. Semi-metal to metal transitions were also observed in both models of pyrrolic N-doped graphene. Asymmetry behavior in the spin-polarized density of states (SPDOS) was also observed in both pyrrolic N-doped graphene models. The total magnetic moment increases with increasing dopant concentration. At a concentration of 2.000%, the resulting total magnetic moment is 1.68 µB/cell, and at a concentration of 3.125%, it is 1.74 µB/cell. We suggest that defects and nitrogen impurities play a crucial role in the transition of the magnetic properties of graphene. Our result shows that nitrogen-doped graphene with pyrrolic configuration is a promising candidate for nanomagnetic devices.
Temperature sintering dependence of crystalline structure in cobalt ferrite prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion procedure
Authors: Rahardjo D T , Budiawanti S , Suharno  , Iriani Y , Supriyanto A , Purnama B
Published: July 2021

Through the addition of nitric acid and citric acid as burners, cobalt ferrite particles have been successfully prepared by the sol-gel automatic combustion method. After drying process at a temperature of 150°C for 1 hour and then followed sintering procedure with a temperature of 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for 2 hours, samples evaluated the metal-oxide-bond appearance by using far transform infra-red (FTIR) as well as the crystalline structure by using x-ray diffractometer. Typical absorption of FTIR curves around wavenumber (k) of 400 cm−1 and 577 cm−1 indicate the occurrence of the cobalt ferrite. Furthermore, the Rietveld analysis of XRD results showed that the diffraction pattern of cobalt ferrite powder was face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure with Fd-3m space group. The modification of the sintering-temperatures has clarified the change in lattice parameters, atomic positions, and crystallite size for the nanoparticle cobalt ferrite samples.
An Analysis of Hybrid Energy Design for Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA)
Authors: Irawan Elysa Nensy , Saputro Bekti Ponco , Dharma Ikki Adji , Warjono  , Putra Maulana , Muntini Melania Suweni
Published: July 2021

The potential for solar and wind energy at YIA Airport is quite large so that it can be used as a renewable alternative energy source. Based on data obtained from BMKG of YIA, the average sun intensity at YIA Airport is 6.21 kWh/m2 while the average wind speed is 3.07 m/s. This potential can be used as solar and wind hybrid energy to meet some of the electricity demand at YIA Airport using photovoltaic modules and wind turbines. Design of the wind turbine refers to research conducted by Mihai Lates and Radu Velicu (2014), which implements a basic savonius type wind turbine with an aspect ratio (α) 2, diameter (D) 3.50 m, number of blades (n) 2. Solar array design uses an off-grid system, then will be hybridized with the wind turbine. Based on the calculation result shows that the required area of the solar array is 2282.87 m2 to produce 2574 kWh/day, while the number of turbines proposed is 143 units to produce 136.90 kWh/day. With this design and based on the calculation, electrical energy will be generated for 13.55% (2710.90 kWh/day) of the total electricity demand at YIA Airport.
Development of Low-Cost Thermal Camera for Examine Human Body Temperature
Authors: Purnama S I , Hikmah I , Afandi M A
Published: July 2021

Thermogun is non-contact thermometer to examine people whom body temperature above 37°C that is used to screening human body temperature while entering public areas such as schools, offices, and supermarkets. Thermo gun is widely used yet not effective because it measuring single point around body or face which cannot represent whole body. Thus, the development of thermal camera is important. This research focusing on development of low-cost and low-resolution thermal camera to replace thermo gun. Thermal camera measure 36°C, 37°C, 38°C object temperature and gives accuracy respectively 99.38%, 99.39% 99.41%. Therma camera not only give high accuracy but also high precision. The precision for same temperature respectively 35.01 ± 0.63 when measure 36°C object temperature, 36.55 ± 0.26 when measure 37°C object temperature, and 37.27 ± 0.49 when measure 38°C object temperature. This result is satisfied and good enough to examine human body temperature.
A Review of Membrane-Facilitated Liquid-Solid Conversion: Adding Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Multi-Applicability for Metal Analysis
Authors: Iqhrammullah M , Abdulmadjid S N , Suyanto H , Rahmi  , Marlina  , Kemala P
Published: July 2021

Water splashing and evaporation are challenging aspects in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis when it comes to aqueous analyte. By converting the liquid sample into solid, among many other methods, one can improve the analytical performance of LIBS. Membrane is a type of material which can be used to facilitate liquid-solid conversion through various procedures; drop-wising, adsorption, filtration, and phase inversion. In a spotlight, ion exchange membrane allows LIBS technique to analyze the specific heavy metal ion species. This review article reports on advancement of membrane-facilitated liquid-solid conversion to enhance LIBS quantitative analysis of aqueous metals. Such method had been reported to generate low limit of detections (LODs), even up to sub µg/kg. The accuracy and precision produced by the reported methods were not significantly different to that obtained from conventional analytical techniques, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). In conclusion, the use of membrane to convert the analyte can add the application of LIBS for multiple purposes with a satisfying analytical performance.
Application of Moving Average (MA) and Upward Continuation Methods to Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Data for Fault Analysis of the Earthquake Risk Area of Timor and Flores Islands
Authors: Minarto Eko , Azhari Naila Yuni
Published: July 2021

An interpretation of the subsurface structure of the island of Timor and Flores has been carried out based on an analysis of gravity data. The island of Timor and Flores, which is passed by the Ring of Fire, is one of the areas that have a high seismic level. This is due to subduction zones and fault activity. Therefore, this study aims to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyze the existence of faults and their types by utilizing secondary data from free-air gravity anomalies. This data is processed into Complete Bouguer Anomaly (CBA) data by determining the average density of the surface using the Nettleton method. The separation of regional and residual anomalies using the upward continuation method to a height of 700 meters and the moving average method. The results of this residual anomaly are then used as input for fault analysis using the correlation profile of the First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) methods using the Elkins filter. For modelling using the Forward Modelling method on Grav2DC. Based on calculations using the Nettleton method, the average density of the surface is 1.23 gr/cm3. A fault is indicated when the FHD curve is at its minimum or maximum peak and the SVD curve is at the zero lines or close to zero. In this study, 12 slices were suspected to be the position of the fault. The average FHD value at the maximum peak is 0.989 mGal/m, while the minimum peak is 0.00038 mGal/m. The type of fault of each slice is determined from the maximum and minimum SVD value. From the research results, normal faults are in the Ruteng area (from the northwest in Nggalak to the east on Mount Wuas), Ende (from the Wulangmang mountains to the northwest to the southeast), and Kupang, while the ascending fault is in the Ruteng area (from the west sea on Mount Wuas straight to the southeast towards Ruteng), Ende (from Bajawa to the east towards Nangapanda), and Atambua. The results of this interpretation are also strengthened by overlaying the suspected fault with the geological map of the study are a and showing the suitability of the fault position even though the fault location is not the same.
Preliminary study of magnetic susceptibility on fine sediment Bengawan Solo river
Authors: Legowo B , Darsono  , Bella YF , Purwanto H , Suryanto W , Purnama B
Published: July 2021

Magnetic susceptibility of fine sediment Bengawan Solo river basin was presented. The appearance of magnetic susceptibility of fine sediment indicates the existence of a magnetic field source. Kappa meter type KT-6 is used for roughly mapping the magnetic source in fine sediment for a large enough area. Then, the actual fine sediment content is evaluated by using the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). More than a hundred sampling points have measured susceptibility along with the mouth Bengawan Solo river at Bojonegoro Regency. The XRF and XRD result confirms that the largest content of the fine sediment as magnetite. Finally, the magnetic properties of the fine sediment are confirmed that the magnetic source is magnetite.
An analogy of Molecule Rate Distribution in Statistical Thermodynamics Concept as a Deployment Approach Function of Covid-19
Authors: Aminuddin J
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus infection which was first discovered in Wuhan City, China was transmitted very quickly to almost all countries in just a few months. This makes some countries implement policies to impose lockdowns to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. A mathematic model for Covid-19 though stochastic transmission model has been proposed to estimate how transmission had varied over time during 2020. The previous mathematic modeling about Covid-19 almost exhibits exponential-shaped trends. Therefore, this study aims to formulate a deployment approach function of Covid-19 using the statistical thermodynamics concept. The spread function is developed from the distribution of velocity and rate of molecules by applying several molecular hypotheses. The formulation is done by making several analogies related to the social intervention, medical aspect, and weather conditions. Relating to relative humidity, it is not the main parameter, but it is used as a correction factor to temperature. The results in the exponential curves show that social intervention and medical aspects are more significant in preventing the Covid-19 transmission rather than the weather condition. The approximation which has been developed is expected to support the study about the cause, spread, and impact of the Covid-19 for both current status and future perspectives.
Estimating centennial-scale changes in global terrestrial near-surface wind speed based on CMIP6 GCMs
Authors: Shen Cheng , Zha Jinlin , Zhao Deming , Wu Jian , Fan Wenxuan , Yang Mengxi , Li Zhibo
Published: July 2021

A global terrestrial stilling in recent decades has been reported, but the centennial-scale changes in global terrestrial near-surface wind speed (NSWS) and the potential contributing factors are yet to be revealed. Consequently, in this study, centennial-scale changes in global terrestrial NSWS are investigated based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 datasets, and that the potential factors causing those changes are detected. The results show that the global annual mean NSWS increased from 1850 to 1967 (+0.0045 m s−1 decade−1, p< 0.01), with significant increases in North America, Europe, Africa, and South Asia. However, the NSWS decreased from 1968 to 2014 (−0.0044 m s−1 decade−1, p < 0.01), significantly so in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The seasonal mean NSWS also increased before the 1960s and decreased thereafter. However, the NSWS over South America and most of Southern Africa increased during the study period. The changes in NSWS were caused mainly by changes in the number of strong windy days. The increase in NSWS from 1850 to 1967 could be attributed to internal variability, and the decrease in NSWS from 1968 to 2014 could be attributed to natural, aerosol, and greenhouse-gas forcings. However, internal variability acted mainly to increase the NSWS from 1968 to 2014, and so it is suggested that the contributions of external forcings to the global terrestrial stilling after the 1960s were considerable.
Status of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) handlines fisheries based on length of maturity
Authors: Hutubessy B G , Haruna  , Hipaploly L
Published: July 2021

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of large pelagic potential and economical species from the family of Scombridae. Production of yellowfin tuna from several potential fisheries areas (WPP) in Maluku was reported in the condition of overfishing. Meanwhile, tuna fisheries have been the potential resource for export demand. It is therefore, the status of yellowfin tuna fisheries should be monitored regularly following the regulation of PERMEN KP no 4 year 2017. The aims of this study were to measure the size of maturity of yellowfin tuna during October to December 2018 and utilize the empirical relationship to estimate optimum length and maximum length reached during this period. Observation on yellowfin tuna was conducted by joining local fishers from Kawa village, West Seram Regency. Handlines were occupied to catch yellowfin tuna around Banda Sea. From the catch sizes ranged from was 34cm to 168cm, the length maturity (Lm) of yellowfin tuna is 107.2cm of total length for female and 112.9cm for male. From the empirical relationship, the optimum length (Lopt) of yellowfin tuna during October-December 2018 was 120.5cm and maximum length (Lmax) was 181.4cm. This study showed that 90% of yellowfin catch was immature which indicated a recruitment overfishing. Only 2.4% of mega-spawners were caught during this study and indicated growth overfishing. Indication of an overfishing of the yellowfin tuna fishery contradicted to larger size of first maturity found. This contrary is discussed and balance fishing strategy is proposed as the idea to maintain the population of yellowfin tuna.
Vulnerability analysis for demersal fisheries in the Banten Region (A case study of Karangantu Port)
Authors: Saptanto S , Boer M , Sulistiono  , Taryono
Published: July 2021

Banten Bay is one of the demersal fishing locations which is widely used by the surrounding coastal communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the vulnerability of demersal fisheries management in the Banten Bay area. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from field observations, while secondary data were obtained through a desk study approach using references that supported the research. The research location was in Karangantu Port, Serang in October 2020. The vulnerability analysis approach was used to see the level of vulnerability of demersal fish utilization in Banten Bay. The results shown that the level of vulnerability in demersal fish can be divided into five dimensions, namely ecological, technology, social, economic, and institutional vulnerability. Social and institutional dimension has the high vulnerability value,0.74 and 0.72, respectively. While the lowest is in the technology dimension of 0.05. The ecological dimension has low vulnerability value, 0.39 and economic vulnerability values according to fisher’s perceptions are 0.45, which are included in the medium vulnerability category. The average results from all dimensions shown that demersal fisheries in Karangantu are classified as low vulnerability level.
Mangrove ecosystem related to fisheries productivity in the coastal area of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Y A , Sulistiono  , Susanto H A , Simanjuntak C PH , Wildan D M
Published: July 2021

The mangrove area in the coastal area of Karawang Regency has become an area that is ecologically pressured by the surrounding area, which greatly affects its sustainability. Coastal community awareness is very important to preserve the mangrove areas. This study was conducted from October 2016 to March 2017. At nine coastal districts of Karawang Regency, it aims to analyze fisheries’ productivity associated within mangroves ecosystem based on mangrove data produced in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Correlation analysis between the production of some fishery commodities and mangrove area was conducted using SPSS 17. The results showed that the correlation between the mangrove ecosystem and the capture fisheries production was 0.7257. It can be concluded that there was a relationship between the mangrove ecosystem and the total fisheries production in Karawang Regency. The condition was expressed by the production of speckled shrimp, white shrimp, mullet and crab.
Sasi laut as a non penal effort treatment of illegal fishing for sustainable utilization of fishery resources
Authors: Lewerissa Y A , Ashri M , Muhadar  , Asis A
Published: July 2021

Sasi Laut as a tradition of the people of Maluku Islands in the utilization of natural resources (fisheries) can be used as a non-penal (non-legal) effort to tackle illegal fishing. The purpose of this research is to analyze how sasi laut can be used as a non-penal effort by the community in tackling illegal fishing. The research method used is normative legal research equipped with a socio-legal approach. The approach used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data sources needed in this study are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that, sea sasi as local wisdom of the Maluku Islands community in the use of natural resources, especially fisheries resources. Sasi laut contains prohibitions on fishing for certain types of fish, prohibitions on using certain fishing gear and prohibitions on damaging other marine biota and marine ecosystems, so that it can be used as a non-penal effort (not using criminal law) in tackling illegal fishing crimes, so that the quality and quantity of fish species remains sustain and can be enjoyed by the next generation.
The effect of bulbs size and induction techniques of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.) on its sprouting rate, simultaneity, and bulbs number
Authors: Sugiartini E , Palupi E R , Widajati E
Published: July 2021

Increasing flower production of Polianthes is hindered by limited supply of bulb. After ripening, a newly harvested bulb exhibits a phenomenon in which new bulbs do not readily sprout. Farmers usually air or sun-dry the bulbs before curing them for 1-3 months above the kitchen stove to induce sprouting. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate sprouting. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of bulb size and induction techniques on the sprouting rate, sprouting simultaneity, and buds number of Tuberose bulbs. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. A completely randomized design with two factors was used, namely, bulbs size and induction techniques. The bulbs were grouped into three sizes; small (0.5 < Ø < 1.5 cm), medium (1.5 < Ø < 2.5 cm) and large (Ø > 2.5 cm) sizes and subjected to air-dry and fumigation for six days. Each treatment was replicated four times with 20 bulbs for each experimental unit. The result showed that larger bulb produced higher number of side-bud, so did fumigation as opposed air-drying. The large bulb produced higher percentage of sprouting bulb than medium and small bulb The larger the bulb, the earlier they sprout.
Local wisdom and archipelago agriculture: Poverty in Maluku
Authors: Pattinama M J , Nanere M G
Published: July 2021

Maluku is an archipelago province where its inhabitants mostly settle on small islands and conduct agricultural activities on very limited land with relatively low fertility rates. In such conditions, islanders’ local wisdom in Maluku is one of the cultural values that are still manifested in their life order, which is the social capital of archipelago communities. Local wisdom is derived from society’s knowledge and has a high social value in sustaining their lives when faced with all limitations and challenges. Islanders often face difficulties in marketing their agricultural products and limited transportation access to get a good education and health services. This has contributed to poverty among people living on small islands, as indicated by a poverty rate of 18.5%. Interestingly, local wisdom has been practised by communities for a long time when undertaking their agricultural activities. It is anticipated that global climate change also impacts agricultural practices undertaken by the islanders in Maluku. Therefore, this article’s objectives were to (1) analyze the form of local wisdom of islanders and its impact on sustainable archipelago agriculture development, (2) suggest ways to alleviate poverty in Maluku using local wisdom as social capital. The finding suggests that local wisdom’s value cannot be separated from the interactions between humans and their environment. This is a driving factor in the advancement of economic and socio-cultural aspects. Responsible marketing is another aspect that should be taken into account.
Flowering pattern and effective population size in cajuput clonal seed orchard in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kartikawati N K , Rimbawanto A , Putri A I
Published: July 2021

Clonal seed orchard (CSO) is established from superior trees vegetative material to produce the genetically improved seed. The flowering pattern and number of clone in CSO influence seed quality, genetic diversity and the possibility of inbreeding. The study aimed to determine the flowering pattern, identify effective population size and effective clone size in cajuput CSO. This was conducted in cajuput CSO in two sites, i.e. Gunungkidul and Sleman, during peak flowering. The cajuput CSO was established in a randomized complete block design using 30 clones in Sleman and Gunungkidul with five and eight replications, respectively. The flowering number of each individual, number of flowering ramet for each clone and number of capsule retention were recorded. The result showed that the clone performance (i.e., flowering and survival rate) in Sleman was better than in Gunungkidul. Two clones (i.e., number 14 of Provenance Suli, Ambon, and number 30 of Provenance Masarete, Moluccas) in Gunungkidul did not produce flower seed. The effective population size in Gunungkidul (Ne=26.20) is higher than in Sleman (Ne=25). However, the effective clone number in Gunungkidul (Nc=25) is lower than in Sleman (Nc=27). Genetic diversity in both CSOs is high (0.98). Therefore, the proportional mixing of seed collected from both CSO is essential to increase the genetic diversity and the realized genetic gain in deploying seeds for operational planting.
Vegetation composition in the community gold post-mining land and PT Panca Logam Nusantara in Bombana Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Albasri  , Tuheteru F D , Husna  , Arif A , Basrudin  , Azimudin  , Berlian  , Erif L M
Published: July 2021

Gold mining activities have a huge impact on the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological conditions, such as nutrient-poor soil, low soil pH and toxic soil due to high metal content, low water holding capacity, low organic matter content and unstable land conditions. Mining activities usually are operated by companies and communities. The purpose of conducting this study was to determine vegetation composition in gold post-mining land managed by the Community Gold Post-Mining Land and PT Panca Logam Nusantara in Bombana Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in October 2020. The method used in this study was plotted path method, carried out by placing transects by purposive sampling technique. Transects were systematically arranged with a between-transects distance of 50 m. The vegetation analysis showed that 39 plant species were found in the gold post-mining land operated by a community with the highest INP value of 26.35% and Diversity Index Value of 2.85 for Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth. In the gold post-mining land used by PT Panca Logam Nusantara, 26 plant species were found with the highest IVI 32.05% and Diversity Index Value of 2.55.
The role of local communities in developing potential areas for marine tourism
Authors: Kasim M , Oetama D , Bahar A , Alelo M , Wardani K K , Susandari H
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has many small islands. The potential of the small island as a regional tourist destination is excellent. Necessary resources such as coral reefs, seagrass and beautiful beaches are one of the tourist destinations. This study aims to determine the role of local communities in developing regional tourism potential. This research was conducted on one of the small islands in the Spermonde island cluster, South Sulawesi named Barrang Caddi Island. The methods used are site surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. The results obtained are that the excellent environment and coastal resources’ strength are beautiful for tourist destinations. Infrastructure is the main supporting facility for tourist visits. The community plays an important role in advancing its area as a tourist destination. Strengthening institutions in the village and maintaining a good culture are good drivers in marine tourism development.
Nanochitosan application on the production of less salt dried fish
Authors: Savitri I K E , Sianreshy P , Sormin R B D , Limon G V
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to produce less salt-dried fish by the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles added into saline solution during the salting process. The concentration of nano chitosan of 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% was added into 20% saline solution combined with soaking time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. Soaking fish in 20% saline solution for 3 hours in the salting process was performed as a comparison. Objective and subjective tests covers: salt content, total microbes (TPC), moisture and acid insoluble ash, and organoleptic were carried out to determine the characteristics of the final product. The results showed as follows: salt 13.4-16.71%; moisture 11.11-14.48 %; Acid Insoluble Ash 0.05-0.08%; Total Microbial 1.05x102 – 5.3x102 CFU/gram; and Organoleptic 8.2-8.73. Those values meet the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard. Based on the results, it can be concluded that 0.4% of nano chitosan in 20% saline solution combined with 30 minutes soaking time on salting process produce less salt dried fish successfully.
Exploration of the Impact of Combining Risk Phenotypes on the Likelihood of Alcohol Problems in Young Adults
Authors: Kampov-Polevoy Alexei , Bobashev Georgiy , Garbutt James C
Published: July 2021

Aims

We tested the hypothesis that high novelty seeking (NS—an externalizing trait), sweet-liking (SL—a phenotype that may reflect processing of hedonic stimuli) and initial insensitivity to the impairing effects of alcohol (SRE-A) act independently and synergistically to increase the likelihood of having alcohol-related problems in young adults.

Methods

A sample of 145 young adults, ages 18–26, balanced for gender and alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores <8 or ≥8 were selected from a prior sample. NS, SL and SRE-A were assessed along with AUDIT score and family history of alcoholism (FH). The effect of phenotypes and their interaction on the likelihood of alcohol problems was assessed.

Results

All three phenotypes contribute to the total AUDIT score. The best-fitting model explaining 35.8% of AUDIT variance includes all three phenotypes and an interaction between NS and SL/sweet-disliking (SDL) status. The addition of FH to the model explains an additional 4% of variance in both models. Classification and regression tree analysis showed that the main phenotype influencing AUDIT score is NS. The SL/SDL phenotype is a strong modifying factor for high NS. SRE-A was shown to be a weak modifier for individuals with low NS.

Conclusion

The evidence supports the hypothesis that the presence of multiple alcohol use disorders (AUD) risk phenotypes with different underlying neurobiological mechanisms within an individual (SL, NS and SRE-A) represents a higher likelihood for developing alcohol-related problems and may allow for a graded assessment of risk for AUD and offer the possibility for early intervention strategies.
Exploring supernovae
Authors: Battino Umberto , Murphy Alex
Published: July 2021

Umberto Battino and Alex Murphy consider both key observables of Type Ia supernovae and computational modelling of progenitor evolution and explosion, as discussed at an RAS meeting
Catherine Heymans: Astronomer Royal for Scotland
Authors: Johnson Paul
Published: July 2021

The newly appointed 11th Astronomer Royal for Scotland wants all children to have access to a telescope. Interview by Paul Johnson
Refget: standardized access to reference sequences
Authors: Yates Andrew D , Adams Jeremy , Chaturvedi Somesh , Davies Robert M , Laird Matthew , Leinonen Rasko , Nag Rishi , Sheffield Nathan C , Hofmann Oliver , Keane Thomas M
Published: July 2021

Motivation

Reference sequences are essential in creating a baseline of knowledge for many common bioinformatics methods, especially those using genomic sequencing.

Results

We have created refget, a Global Alliance for Genomics and Health API specification to access reference sequences and sub-sequences using an identifier derived from the sequence itself. We present four reference implementations across in-house and cloud infrastructure, a compliance suite and a web report used to ensure specification conformity across implementations.

Availability and implementation

The refget specification can be found at: https://w3id.org/ga4gh/refget.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phenotypic variation in male Calopteryx splendens damselflies: the role of wing pigmentation and body size in thermoregulation
Authors: Laakso Linda K , Ilvonen Jaakko J , Suhonen Jukka
Published: July 2021

For ectothermic insects, their colour and size are important determinants of body temperature: larger bodies require more heat to reach a certain temperature, and dark colours absorb heat more efficiently. These dark colours are expressed using melanin, which has been intimately linked with the thermoregulatory capabilities of insects. Melanin is also linked with immune defence and is often used as a secondary sexual character in insects. There is a potential trade-off situation between thermoregulatory capabilities, immune defence and secondary sexual characters, all of which use melanin. Some Calopteryx damselflies, such as Calopteryx splendens, have melanin-based wing pigmentation that is sexually selected and drives intra- and interspecific territorial aggression. Our goal was to study experimentally how the wing pigmentation and body size of C. splendens males affect their thermoregulation and, especially, their ability to become active (hereafter, ‘activate’) after being cooled down. Our results were in line with our hypotheses, showing that individuals with larger wing spots had significantly faster activation times than those with smaller wing spots, and that individuals with larger body size had significantly slower activation times than those with smaller body size. Both variables showed an interaction and are therefore important in damselfly warm-up and activation. We discuss the role of wing pigmentation and thermoregulation in the behavioural patterns observed in Calopteryx species.
‘That Doesn’t Leave You’: Psychological Dirt and Taint in Prison Officers’ Occupational Cultures and Identities
Authors: Garrihy Joe
Published: July 2021

This article examines the conceptualization of prison officers as psychologically ‘dirty’. It defines the novel ‘psychological taint’ and taint management strategies in their occupational cultures. Drawing on ethnographic data, psychological taint’s three sources are identified as the psychological processes necessary to do their job, contamination through association with groups stigmatized as mentally unwell, and the pernicious effects of prison work. The article analyses the relationship between unaddressed anxiety provoked in prison work and the amplified salience of external threat in psychological taint. While advancing studies of occupational cultures and identities, psychological taint offers a constructive lens to analyse occupations across multiple fields. The presented implications address the nature of prison workplaces, punishment and the provision of mental health supports.
Animals in Disaster Social Work: An Intersectional Green Perspective Inclusive of Species
Authors: Fraser Heather , Taylor Nik , Riggs Damien W
Published: July 2021

Disasters do not just affect humans. And humans do not only live with, care for or interact with other humans. In this conceptual article, we explain how animals are relevant to green and disaster social work. Power, oppression and politics are our themes. We start the discussion by defining disasters and providing examples of how three categories of animals are affected by disasters, including in the current COVID-19 pandemic. They are: companion animals (pets), farmed animals (livestock) and free-living animals (wildlife), all of whom we classify as oppressed populations. Intersectional feminist, de-colonising and green social work ideas are discussed in relation to disaster social work. We argue that social work needs to include nonhuman animals in its consideration of person-in-environment, and offer an expanded version of feminist intersectionality inclusive of species as a way forward.
AGAP2-AS1/miR-628-5p/FOXP2 feedback loop facilitates the growth of prostate cancer via activating WNT pathway
Authors: Zhao Xu , Liu Yajun , Luo Chenggong , Zuo Yali
Published: July 2021

Increasing studies have indicated the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the tumorigenesis of cancers. LncRNA AGAP2 antisense RNA 1 (AGAP2-AS1) can serve as an oncogenic role in some cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the underling mechanism of such lncRNA in PCa has not been fully studied. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of AGAP2-AS1 in PCa. AGAP2-AS1 was confirmed to be highly expressed in PCa cells. Functionally, AGAP2-AS1 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition process and induced apoptosis. According to mechanism assays, AGAP2-AS1 sponged miR-628-5p, which was found to restrain PCa cell growth. Besides, FOXP2 was identified as a target gene of miR-628-5p, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-628-5p and positively modulated by AGAP2-AS1. Importantly, we found that FOXP2 could function as the upstream gene of AGAP2-AS1. Through rescue experiments, we discovered that FOXP2 up-regulation countered AGAP2-AS1 knockdown-mediated inhibition on PCa cell growth. Finally, it was found that AGAP2-AS1 could activate WNT pathway, and LiCl could reverse the influence of AGAP2-AS1 on PCa biological behaviors. To conclude, AGAP2-AS1/miR-628-5p/FOXP2 feedback loop facilitated PCa cell growth via activating WNT pathway.
Student–senior isolation prevention partnership: a Canada-wide programme to mitigate social exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Naidu Sumana Christina , Persaud Monisha , Sheikhan Natasha Yasmin , Sem Geoffrey , O’Driscoll Victoria , Diamond Laura , Pitch Natalie , Dhingra Nitish , Nowak Dominik Alex , Kuluski Kerry
Published: July 2021

Amidst the pandemic, Canada has taken critical steps to curb the transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A key intervention has been physical distancing. Although physical distancing may protect older adults and other at-risk groups from COVID-19, research suggests quarantine and isolation may worsen mental health. Among older adults, social exclusion and social safety nets are social determinants of health (SDOH) that may be uniquely affected by the COVID-19 physical distancing measures. Health promotion programmes designed to reduce social exclusion and enhance social safety nets are one way to mitigate the potential mental health implications of this pandemic. The Student–Senior Isolation Prevention Partnership (SSIPP) is a student-led, community health promotion initiative that has scaled into a nation-wide effort to improve social connection among older adults. This initiative began with in-person visits and transformed into a tele-intervention guided by health promotion principles due to COVID-19. SSIPP continued to target the SDOH of social exclusion and social safety nets by pairing student volunteers with older adults to engage in weekly phone- and video-based interactions. Informed by the community partnership model by Best et al., SSIPP is built on the three orientations of empowerment, behaviour and organization, which are achieved through cross-disciplinary collaboration. This article reviews the importance of the adaptability of health promotion programmes, such as SSIPP during a pandemic, placing an emphasis on the lessons learned and future steps.
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Second Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Choi Eunji , Sanyal Nilotpal , Ding Victoria Y , Gardner Rebecca M , Aredo Jacqueline V , Lee Justin , Wu Julie T , Hickey Thomas P , Barrett Brian , Riley Thomas L , Wilkens Lynne R , Leung Ann N , Le Marchand Loïc , Tammemägi Martin C , Hung Rayjean J , Amos Christopher I , Freedman Neal D , Cheng Iona , Wakelee Heather A , Han Summer S
Published: July 2021

Background

With advancing therapeutics, lung cancer (LC) survivors are rapidly increasing in number. Although mounting evidence suggests LC survivors have high risk of second primary lung cancer (SPLC), there is no validated prediction model available for clinical use to identify high-risk LC survivors for SPLC.

Methods

Using data from 6325 ever-smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study diagnosed with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) in 1993-2017, we developed a prediction model for 10-year SPLC risk after IPLC diagnosis using cause-specific Cox regression. We evaluated the model’s clinical utility using decision curve analysis and externally validated it using 2 population-based data—Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)—that included 2963 and 2844 IPLC (101 and 93 SPLC cases), respectively.

Results

Over 14 063 person-years, 145 (2.3%) ever-smoking IPLC patients developed SPLC in MEC. Our prediction model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy (Brier score = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.4 to 3.3) and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics [AUC] = 81.9%, 95% CI = 78.2% to 85.5%) based on bootstrap validation in MEC. Stratification by the estimated risk quartiles showed that the observed SPLC incidence was statistically significantly higher in the 4th vs 1st quartile (9.5% vs 0.2%; P < .001). Decision curve analysis indicated that in a wide range of 10-year risk thresholds from 1% to 20%, the model yielded a larger net-benefit vs hypothetical all-screening or no-screening scenarios. External validation using PLCO and NLST showed an AUC of 78.8% (95% CI = 74.6% to 82.9%) and 72.7% (95% CI = 67.7% to 77.7%), respectively.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a SPLC prediction model based on large population-based cohorts. The proposed prediction model can help identify high-risk LC patients for SPLC and can be incorporated into clinical decision making for SPLC surveillance and screening.
Motif WFYY of human PrimPol is crucial to stabilize the incoming 3′-nucleotide during replication fork restart
Authors: Calvo Patricia A , Martínez-Jiménez María I , Díaz Marcos , Stojkovic Gorazd , Kasho Kazutoshi , Guerra Susana , Wanrooij Sjoerd , Méndez Juan , Blanco Luis
Published: July 2021

PrimPol is the second primase in human cells, the first with the ability to start DNA chains with dNTPs. PrimPol contributes to DNA damage tolerance by restarting DNA synthesis beyond stalling lesions, acting as a TLS primase. Multiple alignment of eukaryotic PrimPols allowed us to identify a highly conserved motif, WxxY near the invariant motif A, which contains two active site metal ligands in all members of the archeo-eukaryotic primase (AEP) superfamily. In vivo and in vitro analysis of single variants of the WFYY motif of human PrimPol demonstrated that the invariant Trp87 and Tyr90 residues are essential for both primase and polymerase activities, mainly due to their crucial role in binding incoming nucleotides. Accordingly, the human variant F88L, altering the WFYY motif, displayed reduced binding of incoming nucleotides, affecting its primase/polymerase activities especially during TLS reactions on UV-damaged DNA. Conversely, the Y89D mutation initially associated with High Myopia did not affect the ability to rescue stalled replication forks in human cells. Collectively, our data suggest that the WFYY motif has a fundamental role in stabilizing the incoming 3′-nucleotide, an essential requisite for both its primase and TLS abilities during replication fork restart.