bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical variations and accessory structures in the maxilla in relation to implantological procedures: an observational retrospective study of 212 cases using cone-bean computed tomography
Authors: la Encina Augusto Cimolai-de , Martínez-Rodríguez Natalia , Ortega-Aranegui Ricardo , Cortes-Bretón Brinkmann Jorge , Martínez-González José María , Barona-Dorado Cristina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze the prevalence of several maxillary anatomical/accessory structures, as well as variations within each type, assessing how accurate diagnosis can minimize the risk of intraoperative complications during implantological procedures in the oral cavity.

Methods

212 CBCT scans of the maxilla were analyzed, captured over a period of 18 months for surgical planning purposes. The prevalence of posterior superior alveolar arteries (PSAA), maxillary sinus septa (MSS), and branches of the canalis sinuosus (CS) were evaluated, as were the diameter and location of each anatomical structure in horizontal and vertical planes.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

PSAAs were observed in 99.1% of cases, the intrasinus type being the most frequent; MSS were noted in 15.6% of the sample, mainly in the posterior region with sagittal orientation; CS branches were observed in 50% of patients, mainly in relation to the incisors and significantly more prevalent among males.

Conclusions

The use of CBCT significantly increases the possibility of clearly identifying these anatomical structures. The differences found between patients highlight the importance of carrying out an exhaustive radiological study of the individual to prevent complications, such as Schneiderian membrane perforation, neurovascular damage or bleeding during surgery.

Graphical Abstract
Collagen type I-mediated mechanotransduction controls epithelial cell fate conversion during intestinal inflammation
Authors: Kobayashi Sakurako , Ogasawara Nobuhiko , Watanabe Satoshi , Yoneyama Yosuke , Kirino Sakura , Hiraguri Yui , Inoue Masami , Nagata Sayaka , Okamoto-Uchida Yoshimi , Kofuji Satoshi , Shimizu Hiromichi , Ito Go , Mizutani Tomohiro , Yamauchi Shinichi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Kano Yoshihito , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Watanabe Mamoru , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Nishina Hiroshi , Okamoto Ryuichi , Yui Shiro
Published: November 2022

Background

The emerging concepts of fetal-like reprogramming following tissue injury have been well recognized as an important cue for resolving regenerative mechanisms of intestinal epithelium during inflammation. We previously revealed that the remodeling of mesenchyme with collagen fibril induces YAP/TAZ-dependent fate conversion of intestinal/colonic epithelial cells covering the wound bed towards fetal-like progenitors. To fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying the link between extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of mesenchyme and fetal-like reprogramming of epithelial cells, it is critical to understand how collagen type I influence the phenotype of epithelial cells. In this study, we utilize collagen sphere, which is the epithelial organoids cultured in purified collagen type I, to understand the mechanisms of the inflammatory associated reprogramming. Resolving the entire landscape of regulatory networks of the collagen sphere is useful to dissect the reprogrammed signature of the intestinal epithelium.

Methods

We performed microarray, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq analyses of the murine collagen sphere in comparison with Matrigel organoid and fetal enterosphere (FEnS). We subsequently cultured human colon epithelium in collagen type I and performed RNA-seq analysis. The enriched genes were validated by gene expression comparison between published gene sets and immunofluorescence in pathological specimens of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Results

The murine collagen sphere was confirmed to have inflammatory and regenerative signatures from RNA-seq analysis. ATAC-seq analysis confirmed that the YAP/TAZ-TEAD axis plays a central role in the induction of the distinctive signature. Among them, TAZ has implied its relevant role in the process of reprogramming and the ATAC-based motif analysis demonstrated not only Tead proteins, but also Fra1 and Runx2, which are highly enriched in the collagen sphere. Additionally, the human collagen sphere also showed a highly significant enrichment of both inflammatory and fetal-like signatures. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the representative genes in the human collagen sphere were highly expressed in the inflammatory region of ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions

Collagen type I showed a significant influence in the acquisition of the reprogrammed inflammatory signature in both mice and humans. Dissection of the cell fate conversion and its mechanisms shown in this study can enhance our understanding of how the epithelial signature of inflammation is influenced by the ECM niche.
Refining the ERA5-based global model for vertical adjustment of zenith tropospheric delay
Authors: Zhu Ge , Huang Liangke , Yang Yunzhen , Li Junyu , Zhou Lv , Liu Lilong
Published: November 2022

Tropospheric delay is an important factor affecting high precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and also the basic data for GNSS atmospheric research. However, the existing tropospheric delay models have some problems, such as only a single function used for the entire atmosphere. In this paper, an ERA5-based (the fifth generation of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis) global model for vertical adjustment of Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) using a piecewise function is developed. The ZTD data at 611 radiosonde stations and the MERRA-2 (second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications) atmospheric reanalysis data were used to validate the model reliability. The Global Zenith Tropospheric Delay Piecewise (GZTD-P) model has excellent performance compared with the Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT3) model. Validated at radiosonde stations, the performance of the GZTD-P model was improved by 0.96 cm (23%) relative to the GPT3 model. Validated with MERRA-2 data, the quality of the GZTD-P model is improved by 1.8 cm (50%) compared to the GPT3 model, showing better accuracy and stability. The ZTD vertical adjustment model with different resolutions was established to enrich the model's applicability and speed up the process of tropospheric delay calculation. By providing model parameters with different resolutions, users can choose the appropriate model according to their applications.
Effectiveness of a Fall Prevention Exercise Program on Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Thompson Christian J. , Holskey Taylor H. , Wallenrod Sara , Simunovich Sarah , Corn Rodney
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Multimodal exercise programs improve functional capacity in older adults, but no progressive multimodal group exercise model that reduces fall risk has been detailed. In addition, research indicates that basic exercise programs can be led by peer exercise leaders with no formal fitness education, yet it is unknown whether a complex exercise program design would result in similar positive outcomes. The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effect of a progressive multimodal 12-wk exercise program on falls risk, balance confidence, and perceptions of health and 2) to assess the effectiveness of the program when delivered by older lay exercise leaders.

Methods

1) Community-dwelling older adults (N = 95) were recruited and participated in a 12-wk multimodal progressive exercise program consisting of exercises for joint mobility, sensory stimulation, muscle strength/power, balance, and gait enhancement. The Functional Reach Test, Timed Up-And-Go Test, 30-s Chair Stand Test, Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale, and 12-item Short Form Health Outcomes Survey were collected at baseline and completion. 2) The same intervention was delivered to a randomized group of older adults assigned to lay exercise leaders (N = 23), certified fitness leaders (N = 24), or a control group (N = 23).

Results

1) The program significantly reduced falls risk and improved balance confidence and perceptions of health. 2) Both exercise lay leader and certified leader classes resulted in a significant reduction in falls risk compared with the control group.

Conclusion

This 12-wk progressive multimodal exercise program was effective at reducing falls risk and may be adaptable to other settings.
Μελέτη των διαταραχών του ύπνου σε άνδρες μέσης παραγωγικής ηλικίας και η συσχέτιση των ευρημάτων με τη σεξουαλική υγεία κατά τη διόρθωση του συνδρόμου άπνοιας στον ύπνο
Authors: Κύρκου Κωνσταντίνα
Published: November 2022

H αποφρακτική άπνοια ύπνου (ΣΑΥ) είναι ένα συνεχώς αυξανόμενο πρόβλημα των σύγχρονων κοινωνιών, με σημαντικές επιπτώσεις στη δημόσια υγεία. Πρόσφατα στοιχεία αποκάλυψαν μια σχέση μεταξύ του ΣΑΥ και της μειωμένης ανδρικής γονιμότητας. Διερευνήσαμε τη σχέση μεταξύ του ΣΑΥ και της σεξουαλικής και στυτικής λειτουργίας, καθώς και τον ρόλο της θεραπείας ΣΑΥ με συνεχή θετική πίεση αεραγωγών (CPAP). Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν συνολικά 41 άνδρες, οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε πολυπνογραφία για ύποπτο ΣΑΥ. Η στυτική και η σεξουαλική λειτουργία αξιολογήθηκαν με το ερωτηματολόγιο 15 σημείων International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), δείγματα αίματος και ανάλυση σπέρματος. Οι ασθενείς με ΣΑΥ μετά την έναρξη της θεραπείας με CPAP παρακολουθήθηκαν για περίοδο ενός έτους. Τριάντα δύο ασθενείς διαγνώστηκαν με ΣΑΥ και 9 άτομα χωρίς ΣΑΥ χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως ομάδα ελέγχου. Οι ασθενείς με ΣΑΥ εμφάνισαν σημαντικά μειωμένη στυτική λειτουργία και μειωμένα επίπεδα τεστοστερόνης και χαμηλότερη ποιότητα σπέρματος. Η πολυμεταβλητή ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης έδειξε ότι ο δείκτης μάζας σώματος (BMI) και η βαθμολογία στην κλίμακα στυτικής δυσλειτουργίας IIEF ήταν ανεξάρτητοι καθοριστικοί παράγοντες του δείκτη απνοιών-υποπνοιών (AHI). Η σεξουαλική λειτουργία βελτιώθηκε μετά από ένα χρόνο θεραπείας με CPAP σε ασθενείς με ΣΑΥ. Η μελέτη μας παρέχει περαιτέρω στοιχεία σχετικά με τη συσχέτιση μεταξύ του ΣΑΥ και της διαταραχής της στυτικής λειτουργίας, καθώς και της ποιότητας του σπέρματος. Η διαχρονική συμμόρφωση στη θεραπεία με CPAP έχει ευεργετική επίδραση στη στυτική λειτουργία.
Εμβιομηχανική μελέτη ηλεκτρομηχανικής καθυστέρησης των διαστρεμμάτων της ποδοκνημικής άρθρωσης
Authors: Φλέβας Δημήτριος
Published: November 2022

Το διάστρεμμα της ποδοκνημικής συμβαίνει συχνά κατά τη διάρκεια αθλητικών δραστηριοτήτων, ερασιτεχνικού ή ανώτερου επιπέδου, ή και κατά τη διάρκεια καθημερινών δραστηριοτήτων. Αρκετοί ασθενείς που υπέστησαν ένα οξύ διάστρεμμα της ποδοκνημικής πιθανά να υποφέρουν από χρόνια αστάθεια της ποδοκνημικής (CAI) σε ποσοστό 40%. Συνεπώς η πρόληψη και αντιμετώπιση αυτών των τραυματισμών αφορά ένα μεγάλο μέρος της καθημερινής κλινικής πράξης. Οι περονιαίοι μύες έχει αποδειχθεί ότι δρουν προστατευτικά στα διαστρέμματα και ειδικά αυτά των έξω στοιχείων που είναι και πιο συχνά. Ως παράγοντες που συμβάλλουν στην εμφάνιση αστάθειας της ποδοκνημικής έχουν χαρακτηριστεί πολλές καταστάσεις χωρίς η βιβλιογραφία να έχει ξεκάθαρη άποψη σχετικά με το ποιοι παράγοντες δρουν σαφώς ως προδιαθεσικοί. Στους παράγοντες που έχουν μελετηθεί μεταξύ άλλων ανήκουν η κόπωση και η κυριαρχία του άκρου. Ενώ η κόπωση φαίνεται να επηρεάζει τη μυϊκή απόδοση και οι μελέτες εστιάζουν σε βαθύτερη ερμηνεία του τρόπου δράσης της, η κυριαρχία του άκρου σαν παράγοντας διαστρέμματος της ποδοκνημικής έχει ακόμα ασαφή θέση καθώς μελέτες έχουν δώσει αντικρουόμενα αποτελέσματα. Ένας τρόπος να μελετηθεί η δράση και η απόδοση των περονιαίων μυών είναι μέσω της καταγραφής της ΗΜΓ δραστηριότητας των μυών και σε συνδυασμό με την καταγραφή άσκησης δύναμης ή εμφάνισης κίνησης, να αξιολογηθεί η ηλεκτρομηχανική καθυστέρηση (ΗΜΚ). Ο κύριος σκοπός της διατριβής αυτής ήταν με τη χρήση του εργαλείου της ΗΜΚ να μελετηθεί ηλεκτρομυογραφικά η αστάθεια της ποδοκνημικής. Επίσης αξιολογήθηκε η επίδραση της κόπωσης στους χρόνους ΗΜΚ των περονιαίων, ενώ επιχειρήθηκε να δοθεί απάντηση στο αν η κυριαρχία του άκρου αποτελεί παράγοντα κινδύνου για εμφάνιση διαστρέμματος στην επικρατούσα ποδοκνημική. Οι ασθενείς με CAI είχαν μεγαλύτερους χρόνους ΗΜΚ στην ουδέτερη θέση, αλλά όχι όταν η ποδοκνημική τοποθετήθηκε σε αναστροφή 30°. Τόσο οι ποδοκνημικές με CAI όσο και οι υγιείς επέδειξαν μεγαλύτερη ΗΜΚ μετά την κόπωση, τονίζοντας τη σημασία της σωστής προετοιμασίας για την πρόληψη της καθυστερημένης περονιαίας απόκρισης και του επακόλουθου τραυματισμού της ποδοκνημικής. Σε έναν μη τραυματισμένο αθλητή, και οι δύο ποδοκνημικές φαίνεται να βρίσκονται υπό την ίδια προστασία της αντιδραστικής απόκρισης των περονιαίων μυών. Επομένως, οι αθλητές θα πρέπει να γνωρίζουν ότι και τα δύο άκρα τους είναι εξίσου εκτεθειμένα στον κίνδυνο τραυματισμού στην ποδοκνημική.
Το Ολυμπιακό Κίνημα στα κομμουνιστικά και μεταψυχροπολεμικά Βαλκάνια
Authors: Βασιλείου Κωνσταντίνος
Published: November 2022

Το Ολυμπιακό Κίνημα αποτελεί ένα ισχυρότατο παγκόσμιο κίνημα, με θεσμικές, πολιτικές, οικονομικές, κοινωνικές και αθλητικές προεκτάσεις. Με τη λήξη του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, δημιουργούνται οι Ολυμπιακές Επιτροπές, Ακαδημίες και Ομοσπονδίες στα νεοσύστατα κομμουνιστικά Βαλκανικά κράτη και αναδιαμορφώνονται οι αντίστοιχες Επιτροπές στα μη κομμουνιστικά Βαλκάνια. Το τέλος της ψυχροπολεμικής εποχής και η κατάρρευση του υπαρκτού σοσιαλισμού, έχουν ως αποτέλεσμα τη δημιουργία ενός νέου status quo στον Ολυμπιακό χάρτη, αναπτύσσοντας προσδοκίες και ελπίδες για μια αποτελεσματικότερη αξιοποίηση του αθλητισμού ως μέσου για την προαγωγή της διεθνούς συνεργασίας στα μεταψυχροπολεμικά Βαλκάνια.
Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among health care practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Almojaibel Abdullah A. , Ansari Khalid , Alzahrani Yahya A. , Alessy Saleh A. , Farooqi Faraz A. , Alqurashi Yousef D.
Published: November 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. In less than 12 months since the World Health Organization declared the outbreak, several different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and deployed mostly in developed countries since January 2021. However, hesitancy to accept the newly developed vaccines is a well-known public health challenge that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to measure willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among health care practitioners' (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia.  

Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online self-reported survey was conducted among HCPs in Saudi Arabia between April 4th to April 25th 2021 using snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the possible factors affecting HCPs’ willingness and hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccines.  

Results: Out of 776 participants who started the survey, 505 (65%) completed it and were included in the results. Among all HCPs, 47 (9.3%) either said “no” to receive the vaccine [20 (4%)] or were hesitant to receive it [27 (5.3%)]. Of the total number of the HCPs, 376 (74.5%) already received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 48 (9.50%) were registered to receive it. The main reason of agreement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was “wanting to protect self and others from getting the infection” (24%).  

Conclusion: Our findings have shown that hesitancy toward receiving COVID-19 vaccines among HCPs in Saudi Arabia is limited and therefore may not be a serious issue. The outcomes of this study may help to understand factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and help public health authorities to design targeted health education interventions aiming to increase uptake of these vaccines.
Identifying the performance and losses of a scroll compressor with vapour injection and R1234ze(E)
Authors: Meramveliotakis George , Kosmadakis George , Karellas Sotirios
Published: November 2022

This work investigates a vapour injection scroll compressor integrated in a heat pump using the refrigerant R1234ze(E). The water-to-water heat pump was tested under a wide temperature range at the evaporator and condenser sides. The test results revealed that the performance is significantly reduced for lifts of over 30 K with the coefficient of performance being even below 2 and the maximum 2nd law efficiency was just 28%. In order to enlighten the reasons behind such significant compressor underperformance, a semi-empirical model has been extended to include vapour injection, and a new improved modelling approach for the suction pressure drop was developed and implemented considering both the turbulent and laminar inlet flow regimes. Once the accuracy of the developed semi-empirical model was verified, the model was then adjusted to account for the R1234ze(E) operation, by fine-tuning its parameters based on the test data. The main loss mechanism identified is the high suction pressure drop, due to the high friction factor, with the inlet refrigerant flow possibly being laminar instead of turbulent. This resulted in a significant reduction of the mass flow rate and volumetric efficiency, while the standard model for suction pressure drop was not able to capture this effect.
Energy gamification: the development of a user interface tool to upgrade social experience and energy literacy.
Authors: Cravinho João , Lucas Ricardo , Brito Miguel , Albuquerque Daniel P. , Mithoowani Uways , Mateus Nuno M.
Published: November 2022

Gamification consists in the application of typical elements of game-playing environments to other areas of activity. In different fields such as medicine, education, or business, gamification has been explored as an efficient vehicle to foster real-life predetermined targets or improve a real-life action effectiveness. Amidst the current energy transition, gamification is one of the available strategies to make the energy transition exciting to the end-user, proposed in recent times as a means of bridging information gaps, increasing learning, and motivating behaviour-change. The ultimate goal of using gamified solutions is not to influence the user to save energy with the goal of an extrinsic reward, however intangible, but to save energy because they have come to see it as intrinsically satisfying and meaningful. Leveraging in the increasing digitalization of the energy sector, gamified solutions can provide a useful user-engagement platform while fostering energy-consumption behavioural-change. Hence, in this context, the Smart2B H2020 project aims to present and analyse how can these gamified solutions create an excellent user-engagement experience while encouraging and fostering energy literacy and behaviour-change. The developed gamified module will comprise a user interface (UI) tool where a healthy competition between users will take shape – driven mainly by the user’s energy consumption behavioural change – and the monthly and overall leader boards will translate the energy savings achieved by the users into an in-game virtual point-based system. Other gamified elements and mechanisms such as missions, interactive tasks or challenges, instant feedback or achievements, and badges will further progressively guide the user through their energy consumption patterns and how they can be improved. A social engineering and educational perspective, brought possible within the context of the pilot sites in Smart2B’s project, will focus on the maximization of user interaction and engagement and how can these gamified solutions motivate real behaviour-change.
Potential anti-cancer features of metformin
Authors: Puła Aleksandra , Krzysiek Urszula , Podgórska Klaudia , Gorczyca Kamila , Artykiewicz Klaudia , Słupczyńska Aleksandra , Urbaś Weronika , Czarkowski Marcin , Kozieł Paweł , Grodkiewicz Maria
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE:

Metformin is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the whole world. This lipophilic biguanide is widely used as a first-line medicine for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus because of its high effectiveness in monotherapy, and in connection with other antidiabetic drugs. Glucose-lowering properties of metformin were initially used only in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but some data indicate that these properties might state an alternative in the prevention or treatment of some cancers both among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

STATE OF KNOWLEDGE:

Metformin molecular mechanisms of action were thoroughly investigated, differentiated, and described, but in the context of the glucose-lowering effect. As a multiway drug, used mainly in diseases characterized by an increased level of glucose in the blood, numerous medical trials were conducted to find other treating properties of metformin. Recently, a few reports presented the potential connection between using metformin in the prevention and treatment of neoplasms in the same mechanisms. The scientists analyzed the influence of metformin’s action on various cancers and drew conclusions. The research on potential anti-cancer features of metformin was conducted for a relatively short period and still presents a challenge to scientists.

CONCLUSIONS:

The aim of this review is to gather current knowledge and present the latest discoveries about potential anti-cancer features of metformin. We discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of metformin’s action in the human body and indicate the connection between the prevention and treatment of neoplasms. Additionally, we point out the exact cancers in which metformin might play a significant role.
LGBTQ+ Representation in Fictional Podcast Series
Authors: Ferreyra Emilia
Published: November 2022

The article offers an analysis of the frequency and quality of LGBTQ+ representation in fictional podcasts. I examine how frequently and with what intent LGBTQ+ characters are included in this medium. This research aims to fill the gap in academic work on LGBTQ+ representation in podcasts. Though scholars note an increase in representation in mainstream media, LGBTQ+ media consumers, especially young people, still look to other sources for validation of their identities. Many LGBTQ+ people look to fictional podcasts as a source of quality representation, especially because podcasts are small-scale and rely on the funding, and thus the opinion, of listeners (Bottomley, 2015). In this paper, I analyze four fictional podcast series for LGBTQ+ inclusivity. I note how many LGBTQ+ characters are included and in what proportion. I assess the quality of representation in four ways: diversity, depth, and the frequency and type of stereotypical LGBTQ+ tropes. My findings show a high frequency of LGBTQ+ characters and diversity of personalities and backgrounds, opportunities for these characters to express their sexual and/or gender identities as well as LGBTQ+ trope subversions. Thus, we see that fictional podcasts, as a medium that sustains itself by listeners’ patronage, present stories that their audience can relate to. As a result, fictional podcasts create more niche stories that make connections with smaller demographics of media consumers.
Wszyscy czasem idiotkujemy. O terapeutycznym wymiarze podcastu
Authors: Wierzchołowska Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

Recenzja podcastu: Joanna Okuniewska, Ja i moje przyjaciółki idiotki, Spotify, 19 lutego 2019 – 28 kwietnia 2022.
Rupture of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis tendons following conservative treatment of a distal radius fracture: a case report
Authors: Choi SeongJu , Lee Joonha , Lee Choong Ryul , Lee Yohan , Yu Jeoung Seok
Published: November 2022

Conservative treatment shows favorable results for minimally displaced fractures of the distal radius. A commonly reported complication associated with distal radius fractures is delayed tendon rupture. The extensor pollicis longus tendon is the tendon that has most commonly been reported to be injured in distal radius fractures. This report provides a new case of delayed rupture of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis tendons after conservative treatment of a distal radius fracture, along with a review of the literature.
Trajetórias de vida de migrantes e periferia urbana: reflexões sobre uma ocupação urbana em Florianópolis/SC.
Authors: Canella Francisco
Published: November 2022

O crescimento de favelas e de outros espaços ocupados pela pobreza em cidades de médio porte brasileiras - resultado, ao mesmo tempo, da intensificação de persistentes questões estruturais, como a migração campo/cidade - tem apontado para a reconfiguração desses espaços. Neste sentido, o exame das trajetórias de vida de migrantes permite evidenciar a dinâmica de espaços pobres por eles habitados e o surgimento de novos atores na cena pública da cidade. Além da discussão conceitual acerca de trajetória de vida, no artigo se trabalha o conceito de classe popular, assim como se discutem noções como periferia urbana e favela. Para investigação do tema, com base em metodologia qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em uma ocupação urbana que surgiu em Florianópolis no ano de 2012. Para o artigo, foram analisadas duas trajetórias de vida de lideranças locais. Por meio delas, foi possível desdobrar melhor essa realidade e apresentar novas configurações do processo de crescimento nos espaços habitados pela população, sua complexidade e elucidar a questão da vulnerabilidade social e econômica nas cidades brasileiras.
Retos de la transición ecológica justa para la planificación hidrológica. El caso del Plan de la demarcación del Guadalquivir (tercer ciclo 2022-2027).
Authors: del Moral Ituarte Leandro
Published: November 2022

Tras 22 años de vigencia de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA), en la totalidad de los países de la Unión Europea se están aprobando los nuevos planes de gestión de cuencas hidrográficas, correspondientes al tercer ciclo de planificación (2022-2027). En todos ellos se aplica un marco común de objetivos, metodología, escala territorial y calendario que en nuestro caso se concreta en la cuenca del Guadalquivir. Siguiendo la metodología de análisis aplicada por el Observatorio de la Políticas Públicas del Agua (OPPA) desde el primer ciclo de planificación en toda España, identificamos en nuestro caso, ente otros, los siguientes problemas: un nivel de deterioro del estado de las masas de agua superior al que se reconoce; la sobreestimación de los recursos naturales en el contexto del cambio climático; imprecisiones sobre los datos de demanda agraria; desatención a los problemas ecológicos, sociales y territoriales de la intensificación de cultivos; y análisis de alternativas con soluciones preconcebidas. Como principales conclusiones, desembocamos en la necesidad de reconceptualizar el estrés hídrico permanente, dejando de confundirlo con la sequía extraordinaria e, inevitablemente, en la necesidad de superar, o al menos reducir, los crónicos déficits de gobernanza.
Hábitat, Pobreza Energética y Mujeres Indígenas en el noroeste argentino: una propuesta interseccional para comunidades en zonas rurales aisladas del chaco salteño.
Authors: Gonza Cinthia Natalia , Francisco González Facundo David , Durán Pablo Agustín
Published: November 2022

Revisar las formas de acceso a la energía en mujeres indígenas de zonas rurales aisladas demanda un abordaje interseccional (raza, género, ambiente) para lograr una comprensión integral de la organización social de los cuidados en estas comunidades. Contar con buena calidad de fuentes y tecnologías de energía permite bombear agua, cocinar y refrigerar alimentos, extender las jornadas de trabajo y/o estudio a partir de la iluminación, utilizar distintos artefactos destinados para la comunicación y la educación (televisión, radio, computadora, telefonía móvil). En el noroeste argentino, las poblaciones indígenas acceden a la energía en condiciones de inequidad y desigualdad. Por ello, el trabajo plantea el debate sobre estos escenarios, revisa experiencias vinculadas y señala aspectos a considerar para el diseño de políticas públicas que sean adecuadas a estos territorios.
La dimensión territorial de las asociaciones de migrantes en La Matanza (Argentina).
Authors: Matossian Brenda , Eleonora Melella Cecilia
Published: November 2022

Dentro de estudios en la intersección migraciónciudad se busca analizar la dimensión territorial de la presencia de asociaciones de migrantes desde estrategias cuantitativas y cualitativas aplicadas al municipio más poblado de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires: La Matanza. Relevar y analizar la dimensión territorial de las asociaciones en su diversidad, tanto de orígenes como de funciones, resulta un eje poco explorado del estudio de la incorporación de la población migrante en la metrópolis. Lejos de constituirse como un mero factor descriptivo, el análisis territorial de las asociaciones de migrantes en La Matanza evidencia interesantes relaciones entre emplazamientos, desigualdades socio-territoriales y contextos históricos-estructurales en los que se gestaron las instituciones. Las asociaciones europeas se hallan en sectores más consolidados mientras que para las comunidades de países latinoamericanos las coyunturas resultaron ser marcadamente excluyentes accediendo a espacios marginales. Las diferencias de origen, antigüedad y capitales configuran jerarquías en las formas de territorialización de las asociaciones.
Vite e vino in Lombardia: il caso della Franciacorta medievale / Vine And Wine in Lombardy: The Case Study of The Medieval Franciacorta.
Authors: Archetti, Gabriele
Published: November 2022

La storia della vite e del vino nel Medioevo europeo è caratterizzata da una ricca produzione storiografica. Nel saggio si presenta il caso italiano della Lombardia orientale e, in modo particolare, della piccola regione della provincia di Brescia nota col nome di Franciacorta. Posta nell’area collinare morenica tra i fiumi Mella e Oglio, naturalmente vocata alla coltura viticola, la Franciacorta trova numerose attestazioni documentarie sin dall’alto medioevo e registra la presenza di vigne specializzate e la precoce introduzione di vitigni di importazione. Inoltre, nel variegato panorama vinicolo, si documenta la produzione del cisiolo, un fermentato brioso e dal colore paglierino, ottenuto attraverso un’abile tecnica di vinificazione. Celebrato dal grande agronomo cinquecentesco Agostino Gallo, questo vino può forse essere ritenuto lo storico nobile antenato dell’odierno Franciacorta, lo spumante che reca il nome dalla terra di origine
Expectativas de futuro de los adolescentes que salen del cuidado institucional por edad en Brasil
Authors: Cassarino-Perez Luciana , Montserrat Carme , Castellà Sarriera Jorge
Published: November 2022

Las expectativas futuras de los adolescentes que dejan los centros de acogida con 18 años tienen una influencia determinante en los resultados que alcanzarán a corto y largo plazo. En Brasil, la mayoría de jóvenes que salen de los centros de acogida con 18 años transitan a la edad adulta sin ningún tipo de apoyo. Por ello, en este artículo apuntamos a investigar los aspectos que favorecen mejores expectativas de futuro en adolescentes brasileños que están a punto de salir de los centros de acogida por haber llegado a la mayoría de edad. Los participantes del estudio fueron 190 adolescentes de ambos sexos (44.2 % niñas y 55.8 % niños), entre 14 y 18 años (M = 15.92, DE = 1.00), de tres ciudades capitales brasileñas. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis discriminante para identificar características de perfil que distinguieron significativamente dos grupos: adolescentes con altas expectativas y adolescentes con bajas expectativas de futuro. Los resultados revelan que (1) el aspecto que más contribuye al aumento de dichas expectativas es el apoyo social percibido, (2) cuanto mayor sea la percepción de preparación para dejar el centro de acogida y la satisfacción con la vida, mejores serán las expectativas, y (3) participar en un programa nacional de inserción laboral disminuye las expectativas de futuro. Los resultados demuestran la importancia de preparar a estos jóvenes para la transición a la edad adulta, al combinar el apoyo instrumental con el socioemocional, y considerando a los adolescentes protagonistas de sus procesos y planes futuros.
The perils of the party
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: November 2022

Sarah Buxton navigates through the pitfalls of annual festive celebrations.
Broadband stealth devices based on encoded metamaterials
Authors: Yang Kai , Shi Siqi , Li Chenxia , Huang Wenkang , Jing Xufeng
Published: November 2022

Based on the generalized Snell’s law, the relationship between the phase gradient of
the metasurface and the incident frequency is demonstrated, and the
principle of the achromatic metasurface is developed. By adjusting the
phase gradient and linear dispersion simultaneously, the function of
achromatic aberration is realized, and the influence of chromatic
aberration on the metasurface is reduced. We propose a metasurface
stealth device with achromatic multilayer frame metasurfaces with beam
deflection, steering, and collection functions so that the incident
electromagnetic beam is transmitted around the stealth object without
scattering. In the range of 0.45–0.9 THz, the
stealth function can be achieved. We have shown that the achromatic
principle, design method, and stealth structure provide a guide for
achieving transmissive cloaking.
Resolution enhancement with highly curved illumination in ptychography
Authors: Ji Xiaoli , He Xiaoliang , Jiang Zhilong , Kong Yan , Wang Shouyu , Liu Cheng
Published: November 2022

By deducing a formula to compute a sample from recorded diffraction intensity directly and analytically, the relationship among the highest reachable resolution of the ptychographic iterative engine (PIE), its illumination angle, and its collection angle was discussed analytically. Curved illumination was then proposed to realize the resolution enhancement for PIE, and a corresponding computing algorithm was proposed to avoid an undersampling effect without increasing the size of the computing matrix, thus realizing speedy high-resolution PIE imaging with a simple experimental setup. While theoretical analysis was carried out, the feasibility of this proposed method was verified both numerically and experimentally.
Fabrication and application of free-standing fiber based on blue phase liquid crystal
Authors: Li Yong , Yin Zhen , Luo Dan
Published: November 2022

The application of blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) in optical control devices has been widely studied due to their fast response characteristics. However, the fabrication of free-standing BPLC fiber with emerging functionalities is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a free-standing fiber based on BPLC with excellent stability, flexibility, and multifunction. The multi-mode fiber (MMF) end face is etched by the etching agent of buffered oxide etch (BOE), which can be fixedly connected with the free-standing BPLC fiber after polymerization in order to overcome the problems of optical signals transmission and reception. Three types of free-standing BPLC fiber-based devices, including Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) vapor sensors, vector position sensors, and color fibers, are fabricated and investigated, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. The free-standing BPLC fiber as a multifunctional material will provide broad application prospects in VOC sensors without power supply, smart fabrics, flexible displays, decorations fields with no dyes, as well as vector displacement sensors for robotic arm positioning.
Mid Infrared supercontinuum generation in a silicon germanium photonic waveguide
Authors: Munsaka Proficiency , Baricholo Peter , Rohwer Erich G. , Bosman Gurthwin W.
Published: November 2022

We report simulations of pulse evolution along a 5 cm long silicon germanium (SiGe) photonic waveguide. Femtosecond laser pulses of duration 210 fs and wavelength of 4.7 µm close to the first zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of SiGe situated at 4.6 µm were used in pumping the SiGe photonic waveguide. Simulations were made by solving the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the femtosecond pump pulse evolution along the length of SiGe photonic waveguide using the fourth order Runge-Kutta in the interaction picture method. The simulated supercontinum spans the 2.5–8.5 µm spectral region comprising of molecular signatures for most hazardous and greenhouse gases making it attractive for environmental monitoring applications.
The availability of essential medicines for cardiovascular diseases at healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries: The case of Bangladesh
Authors: Hakim Shariful , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Haque Md. Ashiqul , Ahmed Nasar U. , Paul Gowranga Kumar , Uddin Md. Jamal
Published: November 2022

Long-term, often lifelong care for cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients requires consistent use of medicine; hence, the availability of essential medicine for CVD (EM-CVD) is vital for treatment, quality of life, and survival. We aimed to assess the availability of EM-CVD and explore healthcare facility (HCF) characteristics associated with the availability of those medicines in Bangladesh. This study utilized publicly available cross-sectional data from the 2014 and 2017 waves of the Bangladesh Health Facilities Survey (BHFS). The analysis included 204 facilities (84 from the 2014 BHFS and 120 from the 2017 BHFS) that provide CVD diagnosis and treatment services. The outcome variable "EM-CVD availability" was calculated as a counting score of the following tracer medicines: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (enalapril), thiazide, beta-blockers (atenolol), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine and nifedipine), aspirin, and simvastatin/atorvastatin. A multivariable Poisson regression model was used to identify the HCF characteristics associated with EM-CVD availability. The number of Bangladeshi HCFs that provide CVD screening and treatment services increased just a little between 2014 and 2017 (from 5.4% to 7.9%). Since 2014, there has been an increase in the availability of calcium channel blockers (from 37.5% to 38.5%), aspirin (from 25.3% to 27.9%), and simvastatin/atorvastatin (from 8.0% to 30.7%), whereas there has been a decrease in the availability of ACE inhibitors (enalapril) (from 12.5% to 6.5%), thiazide (from 15.7% to 11.1%), and beta-blockers (from 42.5% to 32.5%). The likelihood of EM-CVD being available was higher among private and urban facilities than among public and rural facilities. Furthermore, facilities that had 24-hour staff coverage and performed quality assurance activities had a higher chance of having EM-CVD available than those that did not have 24-hour staff coverage and did not undertake quality assurance activities. Government authorities should think about a wide range of policy implications, such as putting more emphasis on public and rural facilities, making sure staff is available 24 hours a day, and performing quality assurance activities at facilities to make EM-CVD more available.
Heme-induced genes facilitate endosymbiont (Sodalis glossinidius) colonization of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans) midgut
Authors: Runyen-Janecky Laura J. , Scheutzow Jack D. , Farsin Ruhan , Cabo Leah F. , Wall Katie E. , Kuhn Katrina M. , Amador Rashel , D’Souza Shaina J. , Vigneron Aurelien , Weiss Brian L.
Published: November 2022

Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) feed exclusively on vertebrate blood. After a blood meal, the enteric endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius is exposed to various environmental stressors including high levels of heme. To investigate how S. glossinidius morsitans (Sgm), the Sodalis subspecies that resides within the gut of G. morsitans, tolerates the heme-induced oxidative environment of tsetse’s midgut, we used RNAseq to identify bacterial genes that are differentially expressed in cells cultured in high versus lower heme environments. Our analysis identified 436 genes that were significantly differentially expressed (> or < 2-fold) in the presence of high heme [219 heme-induced genes (HIGs) and 217 heme-repressed genes (HRGs)]. HIGs were enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to regulation of a variety of biological functions, including gene expression and metabolic processes. We observed that 11 out of 13 Sgm genes that were heme regulated in vitro were similarly regulated in bacteria that resided within tsetse’s midgut 24 hr (high heme environment) and 96 hr (low heme environment) after the flies had consumed a blood meal. We used intron mutagenesis to make insertion mutations in 12 Sgm HIGs and observed no significant change in growth in vitro in any of the mutant strains in high versus low heme conditions. However, Sgm strains that carried mutations in genes encoding a putative undefined phosphotransferase sugar (PTS) system component (SG2427), fucose transporter (SG0182), bacterioferritin (SG2280), and a DNA-binding protein (SGP1-0002), presented growth and/or survival defects in tsetse midguts as compared to normal Sgm. These findings suggest that the uptake up of sugars and storage of iron represent strategies that Sgm employs to successfully reside within the high heme environment of its tsetse host’s midgut. Our results are of epidemiological relevance, as many hematophagous arthropods house gut-associated bacteria that mediate their host’s competency as a vector of disease-causing pathogens.
Expansion of CD8+ T cell population in Lassa virus survivors with low T cell precursor frequency reveals durable immune response in most survivors
Authors: LaVergne Stephanie M. , Sakabe Saori , Momoh Mambu , Kanneh Lansana , Bond Nell , Garry Robert F. , Grant Donald S. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Oldstone Michael B. A. , Schieffelin John S. , Sullivan Brian M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Lassa virus is a priority pathogen for vaccine research and development, however the duration of cellular immunity and protection in Lassa fever (LF) survivors remains unclear.

Methods

We investigated Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell responses in 93 LF survivors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these individuals were infected with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding Lassa virus antigens and virus specific T cell responses were measured after 18-hour incubation. Participants who had undetectable CD8+T cell response underwent further analysis using a 10-day T cell proliferation assays to evaluate for low T cell precursor frequency.

Results

Forty-five of the 93 LF survivors did not have a Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell response. Of those with responses and a known date of onset of LF (N = 11), 9 had LF within the last ten years. Most participants without a measurable CD8+T cell response were more than 10 years removed from a clinical history of LF (N = 14/16). Fourteen of 21 patients (67%) with undetectable CD8+T cell response had a measurable Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell response with the 10-day assay.

Discussion

Despite reports of strong CD8+T cell responses during acute Lassa virus infection, circulating Lassa virus-specific CD8+T cells declined to undetectable levels in most Lassa fever survivors after ten years when evaluated with an 18-hour T cell stimulation. However, when Lassa virus-specific T cells were expanded prior to restimulation, a Lassa virus-specific CD8+T cell response could be detected in many if the samples that were negative in the 18-hour stimulation assay, suggesting that prolonged cellular immunity does exist in Lassa fever survivors at low frequencies.
Preconception syphilis seroprevalence and association with duration of marriage and age among married individuals in Guangdong Province, China: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiong Wenxue , Han Lu , Li Rui , Tang Xijia , Fan Chaonan , Liu Xiaohua , Wu Jiabao , Nie Hua , Qin Weibing , Ling Li
Published: November 2022

Background

Duration of marriage (DoM) and age are important characteristics of married individuals, who are the critical population for eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis. A deep understanding of the preconception syphilis seroprevalence (PSS) and its distribution among this population may be able to help to eliminate MTCT. However, few population-based epidemiological studies have been focused on this group, and the association of DoM and age with PSS remains unclear.

Methodology/Principal findings

This study used data from 4,826,214 married individuals aged 21–49 years who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in Guangdong Province, China, between 2014 and 2019. Syphilis was screened using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. The seroprevalence time series, seroprevalence map, and hot spot analysis (HSA) were employed to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) based on multivariate logistic regression was used to model the association of DoM and age with PSS. The interactions on the additive scale of DoM and age were also assessed.

The PSS was 266.61 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 262.03–271.24) and the burden was higher in economically underdeveloped area within the province. A strong J-shaped non-linearity association was observed between age and PSS. Specifically, the risk of seropositivity was relatively flat until 27 years of age among men and increased rapidly afterwards, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.12–1.13) per unit. Among women, the risk of seropositivity was relatively flat until 25 years of age and increased rapidly afterwards with an aOR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.08–1.09) per unit. DoM was negatively associated with PSS among married individuals. Moreover, the combined effects of age and DoM appeared to be synergistic.

Conclusions/Significance

Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to preventing syphilis in underdeveloped areas and that syphilis screening in newly married individuals who are in their late 20s or older should be recommended. Additionally, early syphilis prevention strategies should be implemented among young people as early as possible.
Brucella abortus RNA does not polarize macrophages to a particular profile but interferes with M1 polarization
Authors: Serafino Agustina , Marin Franco José L. , Maio Mariano , Trotta Aldana , Genoula Melanie , Castillo Luis A. , Birnberg Weiss Federico , Pittaluga José R. , Balboa Luciana , Barrionuevo Paula , Milillo M. Ayelén
Published: November 2022

Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in chronic brucellosis. Brucella abortus (Ba) is an intracellular pathogen that survives inside these cells. On the other hand, macrophages could be differentiated into classical (M1), alternative (M2) or other less-identified profiles. We have previously shown that Ba RNA (a bacterial viability-associated PAMP or vita-PAMP) is a key molecule by which Ba can evade the host immune response. However, we did not know if macrophages could be polarized by this vita-PAMP. To assess this, we used two different approaches: we evaluated if Ba RNA per se was able to differentiate macrophages to M1 or M2 or, given that Ba survives inside macrophages once a Th1 response is established (i.e., in the presence of IFN-γ), we also analysed if Ba RNA could interfere with M1 polarization. We found that Ba RNA alone does not polarize to M1 or M2 but activates human macrophages instead. However, our results show that Ba RNA does interfere with M1 polarization while they are being differentiated. This vita-PAMP diminished the M1-induced CD64, and MHC-II surface expression on macrophages at 48 h. This phenomenon was not associated with an alternative activation of these cells (M2), as shown by unchanged CD206, DC-SIGN and CD163 surface expression. When evaluating glucose metabolism, we found that Ba RNA did not modify M1 glucose consumption or lactate production. However, production of Nitrogen Reactive Species (NRS) did diminish in Ba RNA-treated M1 macrophages. Overall, our results show that Ba RNA could alter the proper immune response set to counterattack the bacteria that could persist in the host establishing a chronic infection.