bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Tetradentate μ‐1κ2:2κ2‐Sn2Se6 Ligand to a Lanthanide(III) Center: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterizations of Lanthanide Selenidostannate Polymers with Tetraethylenepentamine as a Second Ligand
Authors: Tang Weiwei , Chen Ruihong , Jiang Wenqing , Zhang Yong , Jia Dingxian
Published: September 2012

Novel lanthanide selenidostannate polymers containing the soft‐base Sn2Se6 ligand, (H3O)n[La(tepa)(μ‐1κ2:2κ2‐Sn2Se6)]n (1), [{Nd(tepa)(μ‐OH)}2(μ‐1κ:2κ‐Sn2Se6)]n (2), and [{Gd(tepa)(μ‐OH)}2(μ‐1κ:2κ‐Sn2Se6)]n·nH2O (3) (tepa = tetraethylenepentamine) were prepared by treating lanthanide oxides with Sn and Se using pentadentate polyamine tepa as a second ligand under solvothermal conditions. In 1, the La3+ ion is coordinated by a tepa ligand to form an unsaturated [La(tepa)]3+ unit, and the [Sn2Se6]4– anion acts as a tetradentate bridging ligand with four terminal Se atoms to connect the [La(tepa)]3+ units into a coordination polymeric anion [La(tepa)(μ‐1κ2:2κ2‐Sn2Se6)–]n. The μ‐1κ2Se1,Se2:2κ2Se5,Se6 bridging mode in 1 is a new coordination mode for the Sn2Se6 unit to LnIII centers. In 2 and 3, the lanthanide ion is coordinated by a tepa ligand, and two [Ln(tepa)]3+ (Ln = Nd, Gd) ions are joined by two μ‐OH bridges to form dinuclear cations. Behaving as a bidentate μ‐Sn2Se6 ligand with the trans‐terminal Se atoms, the Sn2Se6 units connect the [{Ln(tepa)(μ‐OH)}2]4+ cations into neutral coordination polymers [{Ln(tepa)(μ‐OH)}2(μ‐Sn2Se6)]n. The coordination modes μ‐1κ2Se1,Se2:2κ2Se5,Se6 in 1 and μ‐1κSe1:2κSe5 in 2 and 3 are related to the metal size of the lanthanide(III) ions. In addition, as an ethylenepolyamine with higher denticity, the pentadentate tepa exhibits a significantly different influence on the structures of the solvothermally synthesized Ln selenidostannates compared to the bidentate ethylenediamine and tridentate diethylenetriamine. Compounds 1–3 are semiconductors with well‐defined band gaps of 1.95–2.34 eV.
Comparison of catabolism rate of fatty acids to carbon dioxide in mice
Authors: Shibata Ryosuke , Gotoh Naohiro , Kubo Atsushi , Kanda Jota , Nagai Toshiharu , Mizobe Hoyo , Yoshinaga Kazuaki , Kojima Koichi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Wada Shun
Published: September 2012

The catabolism rates of a medium chain fatty acid (octanoic acid), an even‐numbered fatty acid (palmitic acid), and odd‐numbered fatty acids (pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid) in mice were compared using stable isotope (13C) labeled fatty acids and isotope‐ratio MS (IRMS). The catabolism rates of respective fatty acids were evaluated by the ratio of 13C and 12C in carbon dioxide expired from mice. The results show that the catabolism rate of octanoic acid is three times faster than that of palmitic acid. This result is in agreement with previous knowledge that medium chain fatty acids are easily beta‐oxidized as compared to long chain fatty acids. The catabolism rates of odd‐numbered fatty acids such as pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid were significantly lower as compared to those of even‐numbered fatty acids such as palmitic acid. This finding supports our previous report that odd‐numbered fatty acids are easily accumulated into body fat. The high accumulation of odd‐numbered fatty acids in body fat would be a direct result of their low beta‐oxidizability.

Practical applications: 13C‐labeled fatty acids were administered to mice and the rates of 13CO2 formation were compared among medium chain, even‐numbered, and odd‐numbered fatty acids using IRMS. We found that the catabolism rates of odd‐numbered fatty acids such as pentadecanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid were significantly lower in comparison to those of even‐numbered fatty acids such as palmitic acid. These findings could be valuable for the development of the lipid metabolism field.
Recent Progress in Nickel‐Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling
Authors: Yamaguchi Junichiro , Muto Kei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: September 2012

Nickel catalysis for biaryl coupling reactions has received significant attention as a less expensive and less toxic alternative to “standard” palladium catalysis. Here we describe recent developments in nickel‐catalyzed biaryl coupling methodology, along with mechanistic studies and applications. In particular we focus on nickel‐catalyzed coupling reactions in which “unreactive” bonds such as C–H, C–O, and C–C bonds are converted into biaryl moieties.
Spatial and temporal dust source variability in northern China identified using advanced remote sensing analysis
Authors: Taramelli A. , Pasqui M. , Barbour J. , Kirschbaum D. , Bottai L. , Busillo C. , Calastrini F. , Guarnieri F. , Small C.
Published: September 2012

The aim of this research is to provide a detailed characterization of spatial patterns and temporal trends in the regional and local dust source areas within the desert of the Alashan Prefecture (Inner Mongolia, China). This problem was approached through multi‐scale remote sensing analysis of vegetation changes. The primary requirements for this regional analysis are high spatial and spectral resolution data, accurate spectral calibration and good temporal resolution with a suitable temporal baseline. Landsat analysis and field validation along with the low spatial resolution classifications from MODIS and AVHRR are combined to provide a reliable characterization of the different potential dust‐producing sources. The representation of intra‐annual and inter‐annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) trend to assess land cover discrimination for mapping potential dust source using MODIS and AVHRR at larger scale is enhanced by Landsat Spectral Mixing Analysis (SMA). The combined methodology is to determine the extent to which Landsat can distinguish important soils types in order to better understand how soil reflectance behaves at seasonal and inter‐annual timescales. As a final result mapping soil surface properties using SMA is representative of responses of different land and soil cover previously identified by NDVI trend. The results could be used in dust emission models even if they are not reflecting aggregate formation, soil stability or particle coatings showing to be critical for accurately represent dust source over different regional and local emitting areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference management for LTE‐Advanced Het‐Nets: stochastic scheduling approach in frequency domain
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Dowhuszko Alexis A. , Hämäläinen Jyri
Published: September 2012

Heterogeneous networks represent a practical way to face high traffic demands in densely populated areas. Nevertheless, to achieve these advertised data rates, advanced interference management techniques are required. Trying to tackle this problem, this paper presents a stochastic scheduling approach for two‐layer LTE‐Advanced networks. The proposed stochastic frequency‐domain scheduling (SFDS) algorithm seeks the avoidance of cross‐layer and colayer interference, and is based on allocating different portions of the transmission bandwidth probabilistically. The SFDS algorithm is first presented as an interference management solution for an orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access system (i.e. LTE‐Advanced downlink). Later on, the SFDS algorithm is extended to be compatible with single‐carrier frequency‐division multiple access transmissions, and its performance is evaluated when combined with open‐loop power control techniques (i.e. LTE‐Advanced uplink). Extensive system level simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of SFDS algorithm in a predefined LTE‐Advanced scenario that combines both macrolayer and femtolayer. Results show that the proposed algorithm allows to balance the cross‐layer and colayer interferences, extending the performance trade‐offs that well‐known full‐range spectrum allocation and orthogonal spectrum allocation approaches provide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline disability in activities of daily living predicts dementia risk even after controlling for baseline global cognitive ability and depressive symptoms
Authors: Fauth Elizabeth B. , Schwartz Sarah , Tschanz JoAnn T. , Østbye Truls , Corcoran Christopher , Norton Maria C.
Published: September 2012

Objectives

Late‐life disability in activities of daily living (ADL) is theorized to be driven by underlying cognitive and/or physical impairment, interacting with psychological and environmental factors. Although we expect that cognitive deficits would explain associations between ADL disability and dementia risk, the current study examined ADL as a predictor of future dementia after controlling for global cognitive status.

Methods

The population‐based Cache County Memory Study (N = 3547) assessed individuals in four triennial waves (average age 74.9 years, years of education 13.36 years; 57.9% were women). Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed whether baseline ADL disability (presence of 2+ Instrumental ADL and/or 1+ Personal ADL) predicted incident dementia after controlling for APOE status, gender, age, baseline cognitive ability (Modified Mini‐mental State Exam, 3MS‐R; adjusted for education level), and baseline depressive symptoms (Diagnostic Interview Schedule).

Results

Over the course of study, 571 cases of incident dementia were identified through in‐depth cognitive assessment, ending in expert consensus diagnosis. Results from Cox models suggest that ADL disability is a statistically significant predictor of incident dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.83, p < 0.001), even after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that ADL disability offers unique contributions in risk for incident dementia, even after controlling for global cognitive status. We discuss how physical impairment and executive function may play important roles in this relationship, and how ADL is useful, not just a diagnostic tool at, or after dementia onset, but also as a risk factor for future dementia, even in individuals not impaired on global cognitive tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Model for Building School–Family–Community Partnerships: Principles and Process
Authors: Bryan Julia , Henry Lynette
Published: September 2012

The extant literature documents the importance of school counselors’ roles in school–family–community partnerships, yet no model exists to guide school counselors through the process of building partnerships. The authors propose a model to help school counselors navigate the process and principles of partnerships. They define partnerships; discuss the principles of democratic collaboration, empowerment, social justice, and strengths focus that should infuse partnerships; enumerate a partnership process model; and discuss implications for practice and research.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Anxiety: Differences Among Individuals With Perfectionism and Tests of a Coping‐Mediation Model
Authors: Gnilka Philip B. , Ashby Jeffrey S. , Noble Christina M.
Published: September 2012

This study examined the relationship between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety, and coping processes in a sample of 329 undergraduate students. Specifically, participants with adaptive perfectionism had the lowest levels of anxiety, followed by participants with nonperfectionism, and participants with maladaptive perfectionism had the highest levels. Various coping processes mediating the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety are discussed.
An Emergent Phenomenon of American Indian Postsecondary Transition and Retention
Authors: Flynn Stephen V. , Duncan Kelly , Jorgensen Maribeth F.
Published: September 2012

This study examined 21 American Indian students’ postsecondary transition and retention experiences through a phenomenological methodology. Postsecondary transition is the process of leaving home and adjusting to postsecondary education. Postsecondary retention is achieving success and remaining at a university for at least 6 months. Data sources included individual interviews, journal analysis, and document analysis. The 10 emergent themes described an interconnected phenomenon centered on institutional, social, and interpersonal dimensions.
Coping, Reasons for Living, and Suicide in Black College Students
Authors: Wang Mei‐Chuan , Nyutu Pius N. , Tran Kimberly K.
Published: September 2012

The authors examined the roles of reasons for living and coping in protecting against suicidal behaviors among 361 Black college students. Results of a path analysis revealed that reasons for living mediated against suicidal ideation through an inverse effect on depression. Results also indicated that greater use of emotion‐oriented coping may lead to suicidal ideation through increased depression and decreased reasons for living, whereas avoidance‐oriented coping protected against suicide. Implications for these results are further discussed.
Dimensional and Cross‐Cutting Assessment in the DSM‐5
Authors: Jones K. Dayle
Published: September 2012

A significant proposed change to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) that will significantly affect the way counselors diagnose mental disorders is the addition of dimensional assessments to the categorical diagnoses. The author reviews the current DSM's (4th ed., text rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) categorical classification system, describes the proposed dimensional and cross‐cutting assessments, and provides implications about clinical utility and user acceptability of a dimensional diagnostic approach.
History, Current Status, and Future Prospects of Counseling in South Korea
Authors: Lee Sang Min , Suh Suhyun , Yang Eunjoo , Jang Yoo Jin
Published: September 2012

Although the counseling profession was introduced to South Korea in the 1950s by American delegates of education, counseling has been only lately recognized as a specialized field that requires distinctive knowledge and skills. In this article, the authors describe the history and the current status of counseling in South Korea and then discuss challenges and future prospects.
The Development of Professional Counseling in Uganda: Current Status and Future Trends
Authors: Senyonyi Ruth M. , Ochieng Lois A. , Sells James
Published: September 2012

Professional counseling in Uganda has foundations in traditional cultures of its peoples, guidance offered in schools, and counseling to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Currently, a definitive professional counselor profile in Uganda is being established. The Uganda Counselling Association continues the process of seeking legal authority to regulate counselor training, supervision, and practice. Counselors need to carry out more research to make counseling more relevant to the African situations, cultures, and customs.
Critical Thinking: Foundational for Digital Literacies and Democracy
Authors: Gainer Jesse
Published: September 2012

This column addresses the importance of developing critical thinking to meet the demands of 21st‐century literacies and participatory democracy. The author argues for a critical approach to digital literacies that explores the sociological nature of literacy practices. Students examine examples of new literacies and analyze how ideologies are represented in multimodal texts. Then students use critical understandings of how these texts work in the world to create their own multimodal texts that can act as counter narratives pushing back against mainstream ideologies that exclude diverse perspectives.
Vocabulary Instruction in the Disciplines
Authors: Boyd Fenice B. , Sullivan Mary Pat , Popp Jacquelynn S. , Hughes Megan
Published: September 2012

This column explores how literacy practices similarly enacted across disciplines served as a platform for considering collaborative professional development contexts. With current educational policy, content area teachers are expected to include relevant literacy practices within their disciplinary instruction. Based on research across science and history classrooms, general vocabulary development was present during engagement with texts as a stepping‐stone to disciplinary practices and embedded within disciplinary learning. Examples of how vocabulary practices were enacted show that similar pedagogical moves supported learning, suggesting that common ground exists across subject areas. This work led to insights about how vocabulary instruction, often bounded within language arts instruction can be enacted within disciplinary instruction. Authors argue learning contexts for content‐area teachers should be collaborative and inclusive, with attention on integrated literacy to support disciplinary learning. Vocabulary development is one area universally important across all educational contexts and can form a unifying thread among teachers.
Breaking Through and Moving Beyond the Language Barrier
Authors: Franks Libby
Published: September 2012

This column features essays written by current middle school and high school teachers, media specialists, librarians, literacy coaches, curriculum specialists, administrators, preservice teachers, teacher educators, and adolescent and adult learners. They highlight diverse perspectives on teaching and/or learning with literacies to inspire reader reflection.
Visual and Digital Texts
Authors: Ash Gwynne Ellen
Published: September 2012

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult visual and digital texts and provides a valuable resource for visual and digital text selection in‐ and outside the classroom.
Oxidative DNA damage and in vivo mutagenicity caused by reactive oxygen species generated in the livers of p53‐proficient or ‐deficient gpt delta mice treated with non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogens
Authors: Tasaki Masako , Kuroiwa Yuichi , Inoue Tomoki , Hibi Daisuke , Matsushita Kohei , Ishii Yuji , Maruyama Soichi , Nohmi Takehiko , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Umemura Takashi
Published: September 2012

Oxidative stress is thought to participate in chemical carcinogenesis and may trigger gene mutations. To accurately assess the carcinogenesis risk posed to humans by chemical exposure, it is important to understand the pathways by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and the effects of the resulting oxidative stress. In the present study, p53‐proficient and ‐deficient gpt delta mice were given pentachlorophenol (PCP), phenobarbital (PhB) or piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which are classified as non‐genotoxic hepatocarcinogens in rodents, at the respective carcinogenic doses for 13 weeks. Exposure to PCP or PBO, but not PhB, invoked significant increases in liver DNA 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) levels. Treatment with PCP significantly increased mRNA levels of the gene encoding NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the liver, suggesting that redox cycling of the PCP metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone gave rise to ROS. Exposure to PhB or PBO significantly elevated CYP 2B10 mRNA levels while NQO1 levels were also significantly increased in PBO‐treated mice. Therefore, in addition to involvement of the CYP catalytic pathway in the ROS‐generated system of PBO, catechol derivatives produced from the opening of the PBO functional group methylenedioxy ring probably resulted in ROS generation. However, PCP, PBO and PhB failed to increase gpt and red/gam gene mutations in the liver independently of p53. Overall, the action of oxidative stress by ROS derived from the metabolism of these carcinogens might be limited to cancer‐promoting activity, which supports the previous classification of these carcinogens as non‐genotoxic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen receptor-α is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in a ligand-independent manner involving its activation function 1 but not 2
Authors: Windahl Sara H , Saxon Leanne , Börjesson Anna E , Lagerquist Marie K , Frenkel Baruch , Henning Petra , Lerner Ulf H , Galea Gabriel L , Meakin Lee B , Engdahl Cecilia , Sjögren Klara , Antal Maria C , Krust Andrée , Chambon Pierre , Lanyon Lance E , Price Joanna S , Ohlsson Claes
Published: September 2012

Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is crucial for the adaptive response of bone to loading but the role of endogenous estradiol (E2) for this response is unclear. To determine in vivo the ligand dependency and relative roles of different ERα domains for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading, gene-targeted mouse models with (1) a complete ERα inactivation (ERα−/−), (2) specific inactivation of activation function 1 (AF-1) in ERα (ERαAF-10), or (3) specific inactivation of ERαAF-2 (ERαAF-20) were subjected to axial loading of tibia, in the presence or absence (ovariectomy [ovx]) of endogenous E2. Loading increased the cortical bone area in the tibia mainly as a result of an increased periosteal bone formation rate (BFR) and this osteogenic response was similar in gonadal intact and ovx mice, demonstrating that E2 (ligand) is not required for this response. Female ERα−/− mice displayed a severely reduced osteogenic response to loading with changes in cortical area (−78% ± 15%, p < 0.01) and periosteal BFR (−81% ± 9%, p < 0.01) being significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) mice. ERαAF-10 mice also displayed a reduced response to mechanical loading compared with WT mice (cortical area −40% ± 11%, p < 0.05 and periosteal BFR −41% ± 8%, p < 0.01), whereas the periosteal osteogenic response to loading was unaffected in ERαAF-20 mice. Mechanical loading of transgenic estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter mice did not increase luciferase expression in cortical bone, suggesting that the loading response does not involve classical genomic ERE-mediated pathways. In conclusion, ERα is required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading in a ligand-independent manner involving AF-1 but not AF-2. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
TOPORS Modulates H2AX Discriminating Genotoxic Stresses
Authors: Seong Ki Moon , Nam Seon Young , Kim Ji‐Young , Yang Kwang Hee , An Sungkwan , Jin Young‐Woo , Kim Cha Soon
Published: September 2012

H2AX plays an important role in chromatin reorganization implicated in DNA repair and apoptosis under various DNA damaging conditions. In this study, the interaction between TOPORS (topoisomerase I‐binding protein) and H2AX was verified using mammalian cell extracts exposed to diverse DNA damaging stresses such as ionizing radiation, doxorubicin, camptothecin, and hydrogen peroxide. In vitro assays for ubiquitination revealed that TOPORS functions as a novel E3 ligase for H2AX ubiquitination. TOPORS was found to be dissociated from H2AX proteins when cells were exposed to oxidative stress, but not replication‐inducing DNA damaging stress. The protein stability of H2AX was decreased when TOPORS was ectopically expressed in cells, and oxidative stresses such as hydrogen peroxide and ionizing radiation induced recovery of the H2AX protein level. Therefore, these biochemical data suggest that TOPORS plays a key role in the turnover of H2AX protein, discriminating the type of DNA damaging stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:429‐438, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21438
Evaluation of phase‐sensitive versus magnitude reconstructed inversion recovery imaging for the assessment of myocardial infarction in mice with a clinical magnetic resonance scanner
Authors: Wildgruber Moritz , Settles Marcus , Kosanke Katja , Bielicki Isabella , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Rummeny Ernst J. , Botnar René M. , Huber Armin M.
Published: September 2012

Purpose:

To evaluate phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (PSIR) imaging at 1.5 T in a mouse model of permanent coronary artery ligation as a potentially rapid and robust alternative for the accurate assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:

PSIR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was compared to conventional 2D segmented inversion‐recovery imaging for the assessment of murine MI.

Results:

PSIR images provided comparable contrast and kinetics of intravenously injected gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA). At the mid‐ventricular level there was good agreement between conventional IR and PSIR for infarct size assessment. After intravenous injection a limited time window of ∼6 minutes is available for delayed enhancement imaging in mice. Whole‐heart infarct imaging with 1 mm thick slices was only possible in this restricted time frame when the PSIR method is applied, avoiding the need for repetitively adapting the correct inversion time. Infarct size determined by PSIR MRI demonstrated good agreement with postmortem histology. Infarct size determined by PSIR LGE MRI inversely correlates with left‐ventricular function on day 7 after MI.

Conclusion:

The PSIR technique provides stable and consistent contrast between hyperenhanced and remote myocardium independent of the selected inversion time (TI) and proved to be a robust, fast, and accurate tool for the assessment of MI in mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1372–1382. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffeomorphic brain mapping based on T1‐weighted images: Improvement of registration accuracy by multichannel mapping
Authors: Djamanakova Aigerim , Faria Andreia V. , Hsu John , Ceritoglu Can , Oishi Kenichi , Miller Michael I. , Hillis Argye E. , Mori Susumu
Published: September 2012

Purpose:

To improve image registration accuracy in neurodegenerative populations.

Materials and Methods:

This study used primary progressive aphasia, aged control, and young control T1‐weighted images. Mapping to a template image was performed using single‐channel Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM), a dual‐channel method with ventricular anatomy in the second channel, and a dual‐channel with appendage method, which utilized a priori knowledge of template ventricular anatomy in the deformable atlas.

Results:

Our results indicated substantial improvement in the registration accuracy over single‐contrast‐based brain mapping, mainly in the lateral ventricles and regions surrounding them. Dual‐channel mapping significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the number of misclassified lateral ventricle voxels (based on a manually defined reference) over single‐channel mapping. The dual‐channel (w/appendage) method further reduced (P < 0.001) misclassification over the dual‐channel method, indicating that the appendage provides more accurate anatomical correspondence for deformation.

Conclusion:

Brain anatomical mapping by shape normalization is widely used for quantitative anatomical analysis. However, in many geriatric and neurodegenerative disorders, severe tissue atrophy poses a unique challenge for accurate mapping of voxels, especially around the lateral ventricles. In this study we demonstrate our ability to improve mapping accuracy by incorporating ventricular anatomy in LDDMM and by utilizing a priori knowledge of ventricular anatomy in the deformable atlas. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:76–84. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of soft‐tissue tumors
Authors: Stramare Roberto , Beltrame Valeria , Gazzola Matteo , Gerardi Marco , Scattolin Giuliano , Coran Alessandro , Faccinetto Alex , Rastrelli Marco , Riccardo Rossi Carlo
Published: September 2012

The objective of this review is to highlight the major imaging characteristics of the main soft‐tissue sarcoma histotypes observed in the group “Sarcomi” of the Istituto Oncologico Veneto in the last 5 years. A literature review was performed using PubMed and textbooks. Radiological imaging can guide the diagnosis for the subset of lesions that have typical clinical and imaging features. Soft‐tissue tumors are common in clinical practice and a systematic clinical and imaging approach may guide the diagnosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:791–804. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of sugars on liquid–vapour partition of volatile compounds in ready‐to‐drink coffee beverages
Authors: Piccone P. , Lonzarich V. , Navarini L. , Fusella G. , Pittia P.
Published: September 2012

The effect of sugars (sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, 10%w/v) on the liquid–vapour partition of selected volatile compounds of coffee beverages has been investigated in espresso coffee and ready‐to‐drink (RTD) canned coffee prepared and obtained by using the same Arabica roasted coffee beans blend. Aroma composition of coffee beverages has been preliminary investigated by headspace‐gas chromatography (HS‐GC) and solid phase microextraction‐HS‐GC‐mass spectrometry to characterize the volatile pattern of the systems and to evaluate the effects of sugars on the aroma release/retention. Then, the liquid–vapour partition coefficient (k) of 4 selected key aroma compounds (diacetyl, 2,3‐pentanedione, ethylpyrazine, hexanal) was determined in water, sugars solutions as well as RTD coffee brews added with the same sugars (10%w/v).

Sugars added in coffee beverages affected the release of the volatiles and thus its aroma profile with differences due to the type of added sugar and coffee brew type.

The k values of the selected volatile compounds resulted different depending on the model system composition (water, coffee brew) and sugar type added. In particular, melanoidins as well as other non‐volatile components (lipids, acids, carbohydrates) in the RTD coffee brews could be implied in the change of k of the volatile compounds in respect to that observed in water.

The effects of the sugar type on the release/retention of the four key coffee aroma compounds were partly explained in terms of ‘salting out’ especially for the more polar volatile compounds and in the sucrose‐added model systems. The change of chemical and physico‐chemical properties of the water and brews induced by the sugars as well as the occurrence of interactions between volatile compounds and non‐volatile components may be implied in the reduction of the vapour partition of the aroma compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted screening of pesticides, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins in bakery ingredients and food commodities by liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution single‐stage Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: De Dominicis Emiliano , Commissati Italo , Suman Michele
Published: September 2012

In the food industry, it is frequently necessary to check the quality of an ingredient to decide whether to use it in production and/or to have an idea of the final possible contamination of the finished product.

The current need to quickly separate and identify relevant contaminants within different classes, often with legal residue limits on the order of 1–100 µg kg−1, has led to the need for more effective analytical methods. With thousands of organic compounds present in complex food matrices, the development of new analytical solutions leaned towards simplified extraction/clean‐up procedures and chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Efforts must also be made regarding the instrumental phase to overcome sensitivity/selectivity limits and interferences. For this purpose, high‐resolution full scan analysis in mass spectrometry is an interesting alternative to the traditional tandem mass approach. A fast method for extracting and purifying bakery matrices was therefore developed and combined with the exploitation of ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a Orbitrap Exactive™ high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Extracts of blank, naturally contaminated and fortified minicakes, prepared through a combined use of industrial and pilot plant production lines, were analyzed at different concentration levels (1–100 µg kg−1) of various contaminants: a limit of detection at 10 µg kg−1 was possible for most of the analytes within all the categories analyzed, including pesticides, aflatoxins, trichothecene toxins and veterinary drugs. The application of accurate mass targeted screening described in this article demonstrates that current single‐stage HRMS analytical instrumentation is well equipped to meet the challenges posed by chemical contaminants in the screening of both bakery raw materials and finished products. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of climate change in Europe from an ensemble of regional climate models by the use of Köppen–Trewartha classification
Authors: Gallardo Clemente , Gil Victoria , Hagel Edit , Tejeda César , de Castro Manuel
Published: September 2012

Through the use of the climatic classification of Köppen–Trewartha (K‐T), the ability to reproduce the current climate of Europe has been shown for an ensemble of 15 regional climate model simulations nested in six global climate models. Depending on the simulation, between 55.4 and 81.3% of the grid points are in agreement with observations regarding the location of climate types in current climate simulations (1971–2000). In this respect, the result of the ensemble of 15 simulations is better than that of any individual model, with 83.5% of the grid points in agreement with observations. K‐T classification has also been used to analyse the projected climate change over the 21st century under the SRES‐A1B emissions scenario. It was found that 22.3% of the grid points in the domain change their climate by the period 2021–2050 compared to current climate and 48.1% change by 2061–2090. The climate shifts affecting the biggest extensions are projected in Central Europe and Fennoscandia, but other smaller areas suffer more intense changes which potentially are more dangerous to vegetation and ecosystems. Generally, these changes occur at a sustained rate throughout the century, reaching speeds of up to 90 × 103 km2 decade−1 in the retreat or expansion of some climates.
Annual sea surface temperature lag as an indicator of regional climate variability
Authors: Li Chung‐Leong , Bye John A.T. , Gallagher Stephen J. , Cowan Tim
Published: September 2012

The annual SST lag for the world ocean is obtained from a Fourier analysis of the HadISST (1870–2008) and NOAA WOA05 (1900–2005) monthly SST data series. The main properties are a mean of 73 days and a standard deviation of 16 days, with tongues of high SST lag extending poleward and eastward from the equatorial regions where a maximum in lag of about 110 days occurs. The SST lag is the sum of an atmospheric surface heat flux lag and an ocean heat storage lag which is the dominant contributor and provides direct estimates of the damping time for air/sea heat exchange, which are in good agreement with observations in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean, and also predictions of the phase lag of the mid‐latitude ocean surface temperature field to El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing. Hence, SST lag can be used to diagnose global climate variability. Local differences in lag of up to about 15 days occur between the 1991–2005 and 1976–1990 periods, which are accompanied by significant changes in regional climate. The lag time series for grid points in the eastern Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean show that the variability can be interpreted in terms of bounded random walks of length about 20 years. The CSIRO Mk. 3.5 run for Scenario A2 over the period 1871–2100 has a similar random structure and also shows a secular increase in SST lag in the temperate oceans which is attributable to an expansion of the tropical belt.
Targeting hedgehog‐GLI‐2 pathway in osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Wen , Liu Xianzhe , Choy Edwin , Mankin Henry , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng
Published: September 2012

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone. Patients with localized osteosarcoma are routinely treated with chemotherapy and surgery. However, many of these patients eventually relapse after these treatments. In such cases, there are limited treatment options for these patients and most will eventually die with metastatic disease. Therefore, it is imperative to identify better therapeutic strategies. Hedgehog‐GLI is responsible for the development of vertebrate embryonic and tumorigenesis. Specifically, the transcription factor, GLI‐2, plays a key role in development of normal prostate. Aberrant activation of GLI‐2 is correlated with various malignancies. We observe that GLI‐2 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma cell lines, and this correlates with poor clinical outcomes in patients. Knockdown of GLI‐2 by siRNA decreases osteosarcoma cell proliferation and viability, which eventually induces cell death as revealed in both in 2D and 3D cultures. In addition, we notice that administration of GLI‐2 siRNA can increase the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings suggest GLI‐2 is required for osteosarcoma cell proliferation and survival. GLI‐2 may be exploited as a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 502–509, 2013
Effects of California chaparral plants on in vitro ruminal fermentation of forage and concentrate diet
Authors: Narvaez Nelmy , Wang Yuxi , Xu Zhong , McAllister Tim
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND: The combustible nature of chaparral plants has been attributed to the presence of secondary compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and essential oils, among others. However, the implication of the antimicrobial properties of secondary compounds of chaparral in modulating rumen microbial metabolism has not been determined. The effects of 11 chaparral plants on rumen microbial fermentation were assessed in an in vitro batch culture fermentation fed a barley silage:barley grain‐based low concentrate (LC) and high concentrate (HC) diets.

RESULTS: With LC, gas production [g dry matter (DM) incubated] and DM disappearance (DMD) were unaffected by Adenostoma fasciculatum, Ceanothus cuneatus, Baccharis pilularis or Eriodictyon californicum, but all plants except C. cuneatus decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 production. With HC diet, all species except A. fasciculatum decreased (P < 0.01) total gas produced. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced, molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate, and the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio were unaffected by chaparral addition to both HC and LC diets. Increased concentrations of A. fasciculatum and E. californicum decreased (linear; P < 0.05) fermentability and productions of CH4 and NH3‐N.

CONCLUSION: Among all chaparral species investigated A. fasciculatum and E. californicum added as 10% of LC diet showed some potential to exert beneficial effects on rumen microbial fermentation. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2012
High‐performance liquid chromatographic phenolic compound fingerprint for authenticity assessment of honey
Authors: Cavazza Antonella , Corradini Claudio , Musci Marilena , Salvadeo Paola
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUND: Phenolic compound profiles of 20 honeys of different botanical origin (eucalyptus, citrus, chestnut and linden) were obtained by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after solid phase extraction, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the fingerprint method for monofloral honey discrimination.

RESULTS: A total of 58 peaks were detected at λ = 280 nm. Distinctive phenolic compound profiles were obtained in which both the nature and the relative amount of the detected compounds were characteristic for different botanical source honeys. In order to detect sample groupings, chromatographic peak areas were submitted to principal component analysis. Then linear discriminant analysis was carried out on the first three principal components. In addition, linear discriminant analysis was carried out on the 58 variables, allowing the selection of five variables able to discriminate honeys of different botanical origin.

CONCLUSION: The chemometric evaluation of the phenolic compound profiles yielded classification models able to group honey samples according to their floral source with an excellent degree of agreement. The main advantage of the fingerprint approach with respect to traditional methods is that it does not require time‐consuming identification and quantification of the analytes. The method proved to be effective for the assessment of honey authenticity. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of grafting and ripening conditions on some qualitative traits of ‘Cuore di bue’ tomato fruits
Authors: Nicoletto Carlo , Tosini Franco , Sambo Paolo
Published: September 2012

Background

Grafting technique is increasingly being employed in order to obtain high production in difficult soils and to reduce chemical application. The present experimental work addressed the effect of grafting of tomato, cv. “Profitto” (P), on to the rootstocks “Beaufort” (B) and “Big Power” (BP) on fruit quality. Both fruit left to ripen on the plant and fruit stored at low temperature (4 °C) were included in the quality assessment.

Results

Vitamin C and fructose content decreased in B andBPin fruits stored at 4 °C, whereas fruits ripened on the plant showed higher sugar concentrations. The free phenolic acids extracted were identified as caffeic acid,p‐coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. Higher antioxidant compound content was consistently shown by P. Cold storage conditions caused a higher phenolic acid production due to the increase of ferulic acid. Compared with ripening on the plant, percentage differences ranged between 14.3% (caffeic acid) and 12.5% (p‐coumaric and chlorogenic acids). Total phenol content was also affected by maturation, showing higher values in fruits ripened on the plant than under cold storage conditions.

Conclusions

It was possible to observe a significant relationship between tomato fruit quality and grafting and relevant differences in fruit ripening conditions. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in Kyoho grape juice‐making pomace, Cabernet Sauvignon grape winemaking pomace and their fresh skin
Authors: Li Yuan , Ma Ruijing , Xu Zhenzhen , Wang Junhan , Chen Tong , Chen Fang , Wang Zhengfu
Published: September 2012

Background

The anthocyanins of Kyoho grape juice‐making pomace, Cabernet Sauvignon grape winemaking pomace and their fresh skin were identified and quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and the influence of processing on the anthocyanin profiles was investigated.

Results

Twenty‐three and 16 anthocyanins were found in fresh skin of Kyoho and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, respectively. Malvidin 3‐(trans)‐coumaroyl‐5‐diglucoside and malvidin 3‐glucoside were the most abundant anthocyanin in fresh skin of Kyoho and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, respectively. The cis and trans isomers of malvidin 3‐coumaroyl‐5‐diglucoside are reported in Kyoho grape for the first time. In addition, the anthocyanin content of juice‐making pomace of Kyoho grapes and winemaking pomace of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was significantly lower than the fresh skin samples (p < 0.05). The percentage variation of non‐acylated anthocyanins was lower than that of acylated anthocyanins in all pomace samples.

Conclusion

Kyoho grape and Cabernet Sauvignon grape showed distinctive anthocyanin profiles. Juice‐making pomace is a better source of anthocyanins for use in functional foods than winemaking pomace.
Development of event‐specific PCR detection methods for genetically modified tomato Huafan No. 1
Authors: Yang Chao , Zhang Dabing , Yang Litao
Published: September 2012

Background

The genetically modified (GM) tomato Huafan No. 1 is a commercial GM event created in China, and the development of specific methods for its identification and quantification is necessary under labeling regulations for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The event‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the most used method for identification of GMOs in routine analysis.

Results

The 3′ junction sequence of transgene integration in GM Huafan No. 1 tomato was revealed by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL‐PCR) and sequencing analysis. Based on the revealed 3′ integration junction sequence, both conventional and real‐time PCR assays were developed and validated for GM Huafan No. 1 tomato identification. In the conventional PCR assay, the limit of detection (LOD) was 20 haploid genome copies. In the real‐time PCR assay, the LOD and limit of quantification (LOQ) were estimated to be 5 and 10 tomato haploid genome copies, respectively. Furthermore, the developed PCR methods were well validated by in‐house validation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the developed event‐specific PCR methods can be routinely used for identification and quantification of GM Huafan No. 1 tomato.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of fluid inertia forces on the squeeze film characteristics of conical plates—ferromagnetic fluid model
Authors: Lin Jaw‐Ren , Lin Ming‐Chung , Hung Tzu‐Chen , Wang Pin‐Yu
Published: September 2012

On the basis of the Shliomis ferromagnetic fluid model, this paper is mainly concerned with the influences of convective fluid inertia forces in magnetic fluid‐based conical squeeze film plates in the presence of external magnetic fields. By applying the averaged momentum principle, a lubrication equation governing the film pressure is derived. Some previous contributions can be obtained from special cases of the present studies. Comparing with the non‐inertia non‐magnetic case, better squeeze film performances are predicted for the magnetic fluid‐based conical plates operating with a larger value of the inertial parameter of fluid inertia forces, the volume concentration of ferrite particles and the strength of applied magnetic fields. Some numerical results with specific cone angles are also provided in tables for engineering applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding the gold hidden in your company
Authors: Smith Neil
Published: September 2012

Just because a company is excellent doesn't mean it can't improve. Smith finds that often the source of that improvement can be found in employee ideas. However, common barriers block improvement, such as controversy, information, time, change, silos, and processes. He outlines 12 principles for breaking down those barriers, starting with the process being led by the CEO, engaging the whole organization in change, and that ideas should be considered “based on facts and analysis, not opinions.” An especially crucial principle is building consensus. Without it, “there is no commitment to or investment in bringing an idea to fruition.”
The Right Angle: Visual Portrayal of Products Affects Observers’ Impressions of Owners
Authors: Schuldt Jonathon P. , Konrath Sara H. , Schwarz Norbert
Published: September 2012

Consumer products have long been known to influence observers’ impressions of product owners. The angle at which products are visually portrayed in advertisements, however, may be an overlooked factor in these effects. We hypothesize and find that portrayals of the same product from different viewpoints can prime different associations that color impressions of product and owner in parallel ways. In Study 1, automobiles were rated higher on status‐ and power‐related traits (e.g., dominant, powerful) when portrayed head‐on versus in side profile, an effect found for sport utility vehicles (SUVs)—a category with a reputation for dominance—but not sedans. In Study 2, these portrayal‐based associations influenced the impressions formed about the product's owner: a target person was rated higher on status‐ and power‐related traits when his SUV was portrayed head‐on versus in side profile. These results suggest that the influence of visual portrayal extends beyond general evaluations of products to affect more specific impressions of products and owners alike, and highlight that primed traits are likely to influence impressions when compatible with other knowledge about the target.