bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Specific Antigens Detected by Inhibition of Macrophage Migration
Authors: Kronman Barry S. , Wepsic Harold T. , Churchill Winthrop H. , Zbar Berton , Borsos Tibor , Rapp Herbert J.
Published: October 2006

Tumor-specific antigens of a guinea pig hepatoma induced by diethylnitrosamine were detected by the inhibition of migration of specifically sensitized macrophages from capillary tubes, and by the local passive transfer of delayed skin hypersensitivity and the suppression of growth of intradermally injected tumor.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: Direct Effect on Calcium Transport
Authors: Olson E. B. , Deluca H. F.
Published: October 2006

The perfused small intestine from a vitamin D deficient rat exhibits about one-half the calcium transport of the intestine from a rat given vitamin D. These levels of calcium transport can be maintained for at least 4 hours. Addition of 2.5 micrograms of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol added to the vitamin D deficient intestine via the arterial blood perfusate induces a rise in calcium transport to +D levels within 2 hours. In contrast, 250 micrograms of vitamin D
3
given in the same manner has no effect on the calcium transport level over a 4-hour period. These data provide strong evidence that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol represents the metabolically active form of vitamin D
3
.
Unexpected Adrenergic Effect of Chlorpromazine: Eating Elicited by Injection into Rat Hypothalamus
Authors: Leibowitz Sarah Fryer , Miller Neal E.
Published: October 2006

Although chlorpromazine is believed to block adrenergic transmission, injection of this drug into the hypothalamus of satiated rats does not block norepinephrine-elicited eating, but instead mimics norepinephrine by eliciting eating. The amount of eating elicited by norepinephrine and by chlorpromazine is reliably correlated. These results suggest that endogenous norepinephrine mediates eating elicited by centrally injected chlorpromazine.
Plasmodium malariae
: Transmission from Monkey to Man by Mosquito Bite
Authors: Contacos Peter G. , Collins William E.
Published: October 2006

Anopheles freeborni
mosquitoes were infected by feeding on New World monkeys,
Aotus trivirgatus
, infected with a Nigerian strain of
Plasmodium malariae
. The infection was passed to human volunteers through the bites of these mosquitoes, demonstrating the practicability of using a simian host for infection of mosquitoes with a third species of human malaria parasite and of the use of such mosquitoes to transmit the infection from monkey to man.
Thermoregulatory Responses to Intra-Abdominal Heating of Sheep
Authors: Rawson R. O. , Quick K. P. , Coughlin R. F.
Published: October 2006

When electrical heat sources were implanted in the abdominal cavities of sheep and heated to dissipate 20 to 22 watts of additional endogenous heat in the animal, a rapid increase in respiratory frequency and respiratory water loss occurred 3 to 5 minutes after the initiation of heating. The response was accompanied by a marked decline of the temperature of the hypothalamus, with an increase of less than 1.0°C in skin temperature over the location of the heaters in the abdomen. When the same skin area was heated externally in the absence of internal heating, no significant response was seen. The results support the concept of the existence of thermoreceptors, located in deep tissues or veins, which play a role in the regulation of body temperature.
Puromycin: Effect on Memory of Mice When Injected with Various Cations
Authors: Flexner J. B. , Flexner L. B.
Published: October 2006

Puromycin dihydrochloride neutralized with bases of potassium, lithium, calcium, or magnesium fails to block expression of memory of maze learning in mice, unlike puromycin neutralized with NaOH. This failure may be due to cationic binding at anionic membrane sites with a resultant exclusion of sufficient peptidyl-puromycin to make it ineffective in blocking memory.
Polar Temperature of Venus
Authors: Gale W. A. , Sinclair A. C. E.
Published: October 2006

The presence of substantial polar cooling of Venus, as derived from microwave interferometry at 10.6 cm wavelength, is shown to be open to doubt. Other microwave measurements give little evidence for significant poleward variation in temperature on the planet.
Moon: Infrared Studies of Surface Composition
Authors: Cruikshank D. P.
Published: October 2006

Infrared reflectance studies of small lunar regions reveal several absorption bands which match those of ferrous iron in laboratory spectra of olivines and orthopyroxenes. The craters Kepler and Aristarchus exhibit absorption bands suggestive of orthopyroxene, whereas the background mare material shows a band probably due to olivine.
Postsynaptic Inhibition: Intracellular Effects of Various Ions in Spinal Motoneurons
Authors: Lux H. D. , Schubert P.
Published: October 2006

Long-lasting depolarizing shifts of the electromotive force of postsynaptic inhibition occurred after intracellular injection of ammonium ions, basic amino acids, hydrogen ions, and some bivalent heavy-metal ions. These substances act on specific postsynaptic membrane sites.
Phosphorylation of Dipteran Chromosomes and Rat Liver Nuclei
Authors: Benjamin William B. , Goodman Reba M.
Published: October 2006

Side-chain modifications of the nucleoproteins are believed to be involved in the control of gene function. Rat liver nuclei and chromatin incubated in adenosine triphosphate labeled in the gamma position with phosphorus-32 demonstrated rapid phosphorylation in vitro of the nuclear proteins. Dipteran salivary glands incubated in either labeled adenosine triphosphate or orthophosphate labeled with phosphorus-32 showed that there is phosphorylation of chromosomal protein. The phosphorus is associated in protein from both liver and salivary gland nuclei predominantly with phosphoserine.
Induction of Helical Arrays of Ribosomes by Vinblastine Sulfate in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kingsbury Elizabeth W. , Voelz Herbert
Published: October 2006

Physiological concentrations of vinblastine sulfate elicited ribosomal helices in large numbers in growing cultures of the osmotically sensitive mutant
sud
24 and, after treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate, also in the K-12 strain. The helices were usually seen at the division plane and were often connected to the membrane. This method of induction of ribosomal helices offers a unique system for studying in vivo structure and function of the translational apparatus in relation to other cell components.
Memory in the Japanese Quail: Effects of Puromycin and Acetoxycycloheximide
Authors: Mayor Stephen J.
Published: October 2006

Intracerebral injections of puromycin produced memory deficits in naive quail trained to discriminate between red and green stimuli. Puromycin aminonucleoside, acetoxycycloheximide, and saline had no such effect. After a single reversal of the visual cues, naive quail treated with puromycin performed better than control birds. Also, puromycin had no effect on performance when injected into previously trained animals. High doses both of puromycin and acetoxycycloheximide inhibited ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis to a similar extent, while low doses of puromycin inhibited only protein synthesis. Since only puromycin inhibited memory, the basis for its effect appears more likely to be mediated by the action of peptidyl-puromycin rather than by the quantitative inhibition of macromolecular synthesis or by some nonspecific toxic action.
Apollo 11 Solar Wind Composition Experiment: First Results
Authors: Bühler F. , Eberhardt P. , Geiss J. , Meister J. , Signer P.
Published: October 2006

The helium-4 solar wind flux during the Apollo 11 lunar surface excursion was (6.3 ± 1.2) × 10
6
atoms per square centimeter per second. The solar wind direction and energy are essentially not perturbed by the moon. Evidence for a lunar solar wind albedo was found.
Pompe's Disease: Detection of Heterozygotes by Lymphocyte Stimulation
Authors: Hirschhorn Kurt , Nadler Henry L. , Waithe William I. , Brown Barbara I. , Hirschhorn Rochelle
Published: October 2006

A technique has been developed for the detection of inborn errors by multiple enzyme analysis of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. Its practicality has been demonstrated in Pompe's disease in which there is a deficiency of acid α-1,4-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.20).
Thermoluminescence of Lunar Samples
Authors: Dalrymple G. Brent , Doell Richard R.
Published: October 2006

Appreciable natural thermoluminescence with glow curve peaks at about 350 degrees centigrade for lunar fines and breccias and above 400 degrees centigrade for crystalline rocks has been recognized in lunar samples. Plagioclase has been identified as the principal carrier of thermoluminescence, and the difference in peak temperatures indicates compositional or structural differences between the feldspars of the different rock types. The present thermoluminescence in the lunar samples is probably the result of a dynamic equilibrium between acquisition from radiation and loss in the lunar thermal environment. A progressive change in the glow curves of core samples with depth below the surface suggests the use of thermoluminescence disequilibrium to detect surfaces buried by recent surface activity, and it also indicates that the lunar diurnal temperature variation penetrates to at least 10.5 centimeters.
Cystic Fibrosis: Characterization of the Inhibitor to Ciliary Action in Oyster Gills
Authors: Bowman Barbara H. , McCombs Michael L. , Lockhart Lillian H.
Published: October 2006

The inhibitor to oyster ciliary activity was isolated from serum of cystic fibrosis patients and heterozygotes. The inhibiting protein fraction was a cation as judged by electrophoresis; it had a molecular weight of 125,000 to 200,000 as judged by gel filtration; and on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography it eluted with the immunoglobulin G fraction. The analogous fraction in normal individuals did not inhibit oyster cillary activity.
Kinetics of Folding of Staphylococcal Nuclease
Authors: Schechter Alan N. , Chen Raymond F. , Anfinsen Christian B.
Published: October 2006

Staphylococcal nuclease undergoes a reversible structural transition between
p
H3 and 4 which can be measured by changes in tryptophan fluorescence. A stopped-flow spectrofluorometer was used to study the kinetics of renaturation of nuclease from the acidified form on neutralization. The refolding is fast, and the data can be described as a sequence of two first-order processes, with half times of about 55 and 350 milliseconds, respectively.
Intestinal Enzymes: Indicators of Proliferation and Differentiation in the Jejunum
Authors: Fortin-Magana R. , Hurwitz R. , Herbst J. J. , Kretchmer N.
Published: October 2006

Some intestinal enzymes were assayed which were related to: (i) cellular proliferation, for example, aspartate carbamoyltransferase, thymidine kinase, uridine kinase, and dihydroorotase; (ii) cellular differentiation, for example, lactase, invertase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase, and dipeptidase; and (iii) lysosomes, for example, beta-glucuronidase, acid beta-galactosidase, and acid phosphatase. These enzymatic determinations can be used to distinguish the crypt from the villus during healthy or diseased states.
Response of Olfactory Bulb Neurons to X-rays as a Function of Nasal Oxygen Concentration
Authors: Cooper G. P.
Published: October 2006

Responses of single olfactory bulb neurons in rats to x-irradiation of the head were examined during the perfusion through the nasal cavities of gas containing various concentrations of oxygen. Response to x-ray was unchanged with oxygen concentrations of from 100 percent down to about 5 percent. Progressively larger response decrements were observed with oxygen concentrations of 2 percent and less.
Immunofluorescent Localization of Cyclic AMP in Toad Urinary Bladder: Possible Intercellular Transfer
Authors: Goodman David B. P. , Bloom Floyd E. , Battenberg Ellena R. , Rasmussen Howard , Davis Walter L.
Published: October 2006

By use of an immunofluorescent cytochemical staining technique, adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) has been localized in toad bladder epithelial cells. Within 2 minutes after addition of vasopressin, staining intensity increases in both mitochondria-rich and granular cells. This finding, taken together with the precise anatomical relation between these two epithelial cell types and the observation that after separation of the two cell types vasopressin stimulates cyclic AMP accumulation in only mitochondria-rich cells, suggests that cyclic AMP may be transferred from mitochrondria-rich to granular cells as part of the response of the toad urinary bladder to vasopressin.
Mercury: Surface Features Observed during Radar Studies
Authors: Goldstein R. M.
Published: October 2006

Radar studies of Mercury have shown the presence of several large, rough surface features and of one smooth area.
Chromosomal Drift, a New Phenomenon in Plants
Authors: Lewis Walter H.
Published: October 2006

A seasonal shift in chromosome number of reproductive cells of
Claytonia virginica
, which coincided with near-drought conditions, resulted in a chromosome complement new to the population. The number reappeared 2 years later, the minimum time required for plants of that generation to produce flowers. Moreover, the chromosome number of root cells commonly differed from aerial organs of the same plant.
Pollen Sequence from Late Quaternary Sediments in Yellowstone Park
Authors: Baker Richard G.
Published: October 2006

A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from a depression near the end of the southeast arm of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, records the vegetation sequence from the retreat of Late Wisconsin (Pinedale) ice to the present time. The tundra
Picea-Abies-Pinus albicaulis
(spruce-fir-whitebark pine) parkland vegetation inferred during late glacial time changed rapidly to a
Pinus contorta
(lodgepole pine) forest shortly before 11,550 carbon-14 years ago, suggesting a warming trend at that time. The
Pinus contorta
forest persisted with minor modification throughout postglacial time.
Plasmalemmal and Subsurface Complexes in Human Leukemic Cells: Membrane Bonding by Zipperlike Junctions
Authors: Sanel Frances T. , Serpick Arthur A.
Published: October 2006

After a brief exposure to agents that provoke phagocytosis, monocytic cells from patients with acute leukemia exhibit pentalaminar and septate membranous complexes. These structures connect plasma membranes of adjacent cells and join surfaces of approximating pseudopodia on the same cell; they also appear to be present in cortical areas of the cytoplasm.
Calcium Oxalate: Crystallographic Analysis in Solid Aggregates in Urinary Sediments
Authors: Catalina Fernando , Cifuentes Luis
Published: October 2006

A relationship between crystallographic structure and morphological form of calcium oxalates in urinary sediments is established. The common tetragonal bipyramids have been confirmed as weddellite from their electron diffraction patterns. Other solid forms, such as needles, biconcave disks, and dumbbell forms, that can appear in hyperoxalurias, of both metabolic and alimentary origin, have been identified as whewellite. Micrographs reveal fibrous structure on those whewellite polycrystalline aggregates.
Garnet: First Occurrence in the Lunar Rocks
Authors: Traill R. J. , Plant A. G. , Douglas J. A. V.
Published: October 2006

Three grains of almandine-rich garnet isolated from lunar sample 12021 have the composition Alm
70.7
Gro
25.0
Sp
2.7
Pyr
1.6
, with cell edge of 11.624 angstroms and refractive index of 1.81. The garnet probably formed late in the crystallization sequence.
Potassium-Argon Ages of Lunar Rocks from Mare Tranquillitatis and Oceanus Procellarum
Authors: Schaeffer O. A. , Funkhouser J. G. , Bogard D. D. , Zähringer J.
Published: October 2006

Crystalline rocks from Mare Tranquillitatis have yielded potassium-argon dates as old as 3.8 × 10
9
years. Crystalline rocks from Oceanus Procellarum give potassium-argon ages as old as 2.8 × 10
9
years. Evidently the maria are ancient features of the moon and were not formed contemporaneously, a conclusion that also has been verified by other methods. The potassium-argon ages of rocks from Oceanus Procellarum show much more loss of argon than the rocks from Mare Tranquillitatis, an indication that the rocks at Oceanus Procellarum have experienced more severe shock effects or longer cooling rates.
Microelectrophoresis of Biogenic Amines on Hypothalamic Thermosensitive Cells
Authors: Beckman Alexander L. , Eisenman Joseph S.
Published: October 2006

The rat hypothalamus contains thermally insensitive, normally sensitive, and highly thermosensitive cells. The responses of thermosensitive neurons to microelectrophoretically applied acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were the same in both rats and cats. The firing rate of warm-sensitive interneurons was accelerated by acetylcholine and inhibited by norepinephrine. The firing rate of cool-sensitive interneurons was accelerated by norepinephrine and, in one case, was inhibited by 5-hydroxytryptamine. Thermodetector cells were relatively insensitive to these amines, but were sensitive to current flow. These results from the rat, but not from the cat, agree with the data for thermoregulatory responses following microinjection of these amines into the hypothalamus.
Pheromone Transport and Reception in an Amphipod
Authors: Dahl Erik , Emanuelsson Hadar , von Mecklenburg Claes
Published: October 2006

Sexual dimorphism in the second antennae of the amphipod
Gammarus duebeni
Lilljeborg is connected with the reception in the male of a female sex pheromone transported through the water. Investigations on tritium-labeled specimens were carried out with scintillator and autoradiographic techniques.
Actomyosin from
Physarum polycephalum
: Electron Microscopy of Myosin-Enriched Preparations
Authors: Nachmias V. T. , Ingram W. C.
Published: October 2006

Negatively stained slime mold actomyosin examined by electron microscopy consists mainly of actin-like filaments with occasional angular projections. If some of the actin is removed, the myosin-enriched actomyosin appears as continuous arrowhead structures similar to those of vertebrate striated muscle actomyosin. Together with other evidence, the findings suggest that cytoplasmic streaming in
Physarum
may involve a contractile process operating at a relatively low myosin-actin ratio.
Expression of Allelic Immunoglobulin in Homozygous Rabbits Injected with RNA Extract
Authors: Bell Clara , Dray Sheldon
Published: October 2006

Ribonucleic acid extracts obtained from lymph nodes of immunized rabbits homozygous for the
b
4
or b
5
allele of light chain immunoglobulin allotypes were injected intravenously into nonimmunized rabbits homozygous for the alternate allele. Approximately 30 percent of the plaque-forming cells in the spleen yielded plaques with immunoglobulin M antibody possessing the allotype of the RNA donor. The allotype of the RNA donor was also found in the IgG immunoglobulin of lymphoid cell lysates as well as in the IgG isolated from the serum. These results suggest that the injected RNA has an informational role in the in vivo synthesis of immunoglobulins by host lymphoid cells.
Prehistoric Domestication of Animals: Effects on Bone Structure
Authors: Drew Isabella Milling , Perkins Dexter , Daly Patricia
Published: October 2006

Analytical techniques more usually applied in mineralogy have revealed consistent structural differences between the bones of wild and domestic animals from archeological deposits.
Maize from an Adena Mound in Athens County, Ohio
Authors: Murphy James L.
Published: October 2006

The discovery of a carbonized ear of maize in an Adena burial mound at Athens, Athens County, Ohio, is the first indisputable evidence of Adena maize horticulture. The mound contained typical middle Adena features, including a bark prepared burial, and has yielded charcoal radiocarbon dated at 280 B.C. ± 140 years.
Selenium and Sulfur in a Greenland Ice Sheet: Relation to Fossil Fuel Combustion
Authors: Weiss Herbert V. , Koide Minoru , Goldberg Edward D.
Published: October 2006

In the combustion of fossil fuels, selenium is mobilized in the atmosphere to a much lesser extent than is sulfur. This difference is ascribed to the chemical behavior of their respective tetravalent oxides. The ratio of selenium to sulfur in glacial ice is characteristic of terrestrial matter, and these elements may find their way to ice sheets by the formation of volatile compounds in biochemical processes.
Galactosemia: Evidence for a Structural Gene Mutation
Authors: Tedesco Thomas A. , Mellman William J.
Published: October 2006

Identical immunoprecipitin reactions appeared in double immunodiffusion between rabbit antibodies to human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase and red cell preparations from both normal and galactosemic individuals. The galactosemic erythrocyte preparations quantitatively absorbed the antibody that immunoprecipitates enzymatically active galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.
Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 Ultraviolet Spectrometer: In-Flight Measurements of Simulated Jupiter Atmosphere
Authors: Pearce J. B. , Lane A. L. , Kelly K. K. , Barth C. A.
Published: October 2006

An experiment has been performed in interplanetary space which closely simulates the observations that would be made by an ultraviolet spectrometer observing the atmospheres of the jovian planets. A mixture of ammonia, nitrogen, and hydrogen was released from the Mariner spacecraft, and spectra were recorded while these gases were illuminated by sunlight. The principal emissions observed were the HI 1216-angstrom Lyman-α line, the H
2
B-X Lyman bands, and the NH c-a and A-X bands.
Histidase Activity in Cultivated Human Amniotic Fluid Cells
Authors: Melancon Serge B. , Lee Sally Y. , Nadler Henry L.
Published: October 2006

Epithelial and fibroblast cells were obtained from cultures of amniotic fluid cells. Epithelial cells demonstrated high activities of histidase. In contrast, histidase activity was not detected in fibroblasts derived from the same original culture. This observation indicates that cultures of amniotic fluid cells consist of cells with different biochemical properties as well as morphological characteristics.
Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Rapid Sensitive Method for Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Regan James D. , Setlow R. B. , Kaback Michael M. , Howell R. Rodney , Klein Edmund , Burgess Gordon
Published: October 2006

When normal human cells, capable of repairing ultraviolet-induced lesions in their DNA, are incubated in the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine after ultraviolet irradiation, the analog is incorporated into the repaired regions. When such repaired cells are subsequently irradiated with 313-nanometer radiation and placed in alkali, breaks appear in the DNA at sites of incorporation of 5bromodeoxyuridine, inducing a dramatic downward shift in the sedimentation constant of the DNA. Cells from patients with the disease xeroderma pigmentosum, which causes sensitivity to ultraviolet, are incapable or only minimally capable of repair; such cells incorporate little 5-bromodeoxyuridine into their DNA under these conditions and, upon 313-nanometer irradiation and sedimentation in alkali, exhibit only minor shifts in DNA sedimentation constants. When fibroblasts developed from biopsies of normal skin and of skin from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, as well as cells cultured from midtrimester amniotic fluid, were assayed in this fashion unequivocal differences between normal and xeroderma pigmentosum cells were shown. Xeroderma pigmentosum heterozygotes are clearly distinguishable from homozygous mutants, and results are available 12 hours after irradiation.
Interocular Apparent Movement in Depth: A Motion Preference Effect
Authors: Ferris Steven H. , Pastore Nicholas
Published: October 2006

A new phenomenon is reported in which alternate stimulation of either nasal or temporal hemiretinas produces, respectively, apparent oscillation in depth either behind or ahead of the frontal plane. This control over the perceived movement is dependent on the proper positioning of stimuli presented interocularly and in horizontal arrangements.
Asymmetry, Its Importance to the Action and Metabolism of Abscisic Acid
Authors: Sondheimer E. , Galson E. C. , Chang Y. P. , Walton D. C.
Published: October 2006

Unlabeled and
14
C-labeled enantiomorphs of abscisic acid (ABA) were obtained through acetylcellulose chromatography and tested as inducers of abscission, as inhibitors of seed germination, and as antagonists of gibberellic acid-induced synthesis and release of α-amylase. The activity of the R isomer was either equal to or less than that of the naturally occurring S form. Greatest differences were in the inhibition of root-related growth. In excised beam axes, although uptake of S-[
14C
]ABA is faster, the internal concentration of R-ABA is higher because of faster conversion of S-ABA to inactive metabolic products. In axes a reversal in chirality is less important to the physiological action of ABA than to its metabolism.
Heterochromatin, Satellite DNA, and Cell Function
Authors: Yunis Jorge J. , Yasmineh Walid G.
Published: October 2006

With the assumption that a portion that comprises some 10 percent of the genomes in higher organisms cannot be without a raison d'être, an extensive review led us to conclude that a certain amount of constitutive heterochromatin is essential in multicellular organisms at two levels of organization, chromosomal and nuclear. At the chromosomal level, constitutive heterochromatin is present around vital areas within the chromosomes. Around the centromeres, for example, heterochromatin is believed to confer protection and strength to the centromeric chromatin. Around secondary constrictions, heterochromatic blocks may ensure against evolutionary change of ribosomal cistrons by decreasing the frequency of crossing-over in these cistrons in meiosis and absorbing the effects of mutagenic agents. During meiosis heterochromatin may aid in the initial alignment of chromosomes prior to synapsis and may facilitate speciation by allowing chromosomal rearrangement and providing, through the species specificity of its DNA, barriers against cross-fertilization.

At the nuclear level of organization, constitutive heterochromatin may help maintain the proper spatial relationships necessary for the efficient operation of the cell through the stages of mitosis and meiosis. In the unicellular procaryotes, the presence of a small amount of genetic information in one chromosome obviates the need for constitutive heterochromatin and a nuclear membrane. At higher levels of organization, with an increase in the size of the genome and with evolution of cellular and sexual differentiation, the need for compartmentalization and structural components in the nucleus became imminent. The portion of the genome that was concerned with synthesis of ribosomal RNA was enlarged and localized in specific chromosomes, and the centromere became part of each chromosome when the mitotic spindle was developed in evolution. Concomitant with these changes in the genome, repetitive sequences in the form of constitutive heterochromatin appeared, probably as a result of large-scale duplication. The repetitive DNA's were kept through natural selection because of their importance in preserving these vital regions and in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nucleus.

The association of satellite (or highly repetitive) DNA with constitutive heterochromatin is understandable, since it stresses the importance of the structural rather than transcriptional roles of these entities. Nuclear satellite DNA's have one property in common despite their species specificity, namely heterochromatization. In this sense the apparent species specificity of satellite DNA may be the result of natural selection for duplicated short polynucleotide segments that are nontranscriptional and can be utilized in specific structural roles.
X-ray Structure of Racemic Glycerol 1,2-(Di-11-bromoundecanoate)-3-(
p
-Toluenesulfonate)
Authors: Watts Plato H. , Pangborn Walter A. , Hybl Albert
Published: October 2006

The single crystal x-ray structure of racemic glycerol 1,2-(di-11-bromoundecanoate)-3-(
p
-toluenesulfonate), a sulfolipid analogous to the membrane phospholipids, reveals a folded conformation.
High-Resolution Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectra of a Rabbit Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Dea Phoebe , Chan Sunney I. , Dea Frank J.
Published: October 2006

Proton magnetic resonance spectra (220-megahertz field) of an isolated rabbit sciatic nerve in its native state have been observed and assigned to the extracellular water, intracellular water, and phospholipids of the nerve. This study indicates that the nerve fibers contain fluid-like hydrophobic regions, in agreement with the results of recent electron spin resonance spin-labeled studies of excitable membranes of nerve and muscle.
The Crisis in American Archeology
Authors: Davis Hester A.
Published: October 2006

The current crisis in American archeology has been brought about by a combination of the greatly increased rate of destruction of unique, irreplaceable archeological information and material, and the lack of adequate funding for salvage of what is being destroyed. Since World War II, land alteration has increased almost geometrically. Land leveling, urban development, inexperienced or ignorant diggers, commercial dealers in Indian relics—these and many other agents of destruction are obliterating traces of the past. Anything that disturbs the ground where people once lived destroys forever whatever information is left about them and their way of life. Interpretations of man's cultural development through time, of his ability to cope with and use the environment wisely, and of a long, fascinating, and irreplaceable heritage are only possible if the evidence left in the ground is undisturbed and is properly recorded when it is excavated.

The problem of the destruction of archeological sites and information is a complex one, with no single solution. A combination of increased support for archeological research through increased funding, and development of a knowledgeable, interested public will go a long way toward assuring this country that a significant portion of the past will be available for the benefit of future generations. If solutions are not sought and found now, it will be too late—we will have committed ourselves, irretrievably and irreversibly, to the future, without benefit or knowledge of the mistakes and the lessons of the past.
Pre-Hispanic Workshop of Serpentinite Artifacts, Venezuelan Andes, and Possible Raw Material Source
Authors: Wagner Erika , Schubert Carlos
Published: October 2006

Excavations of a workshop and cemetery in the high Venezuelan Andes yielded winged artifacts made of serpentinite at various stages of finish. Serpentinites are unknown in the Venezuelan Andes, and the raw material was obtained from natural sources located in northern South America or possibly the Antilles, or by trade.
Paraoxon: Effects on Rat Brain Cholinesterase and on Growth Hormone and Prolactin of Pituitary
Authors: Cehovic G. , Dettbarn W-D. , Welsch F.
Published: October 2006

Cholinesterase activity of brain and content of growth hormone and prolactin in the pituitary were compared after short-term (3 days) and long-term (14 days) treatment with paraoxon in male and female rats. Within 3 days cholinesterase activity was reduced to between 5 and 15 percent of that in controls. The content of growth hormone in the pituitary was increased in long-term experiments by 50 percent. This increase in paraoxon-treated animals suggests a possible role of a cholinergic mechanism in the regulation of growth hormone secretion.
Messenger RNA Structure: Compatibility of Hairpin Loops with Protein Sequence
Authors: White Harold B. , Laux Brian E. , Dennis Don
Published: October 2006

Examination of the amino acid sequences of human cytochrome c and the α-chain variant of human hemoglobin Constant Spring has revealed the possibility for base-paired hairpin loops in the messenger RNA's for these proteins. A similar analysis of the bacteriophage R17 coat protein suggests an additional unobserved loop in the R17 RNA. If such loops are present in messenger RNA's generally, it would suggest that DNA has more than one stable base-paired conformation.
Chemical Methods for Removing Radon and Radon Daughters from Air
Authors: Stein Lawrence
Published: October 2006

Liquid bromine trifluoride and the solid complexes ClF
2
SbF
6
, BrF
2
SbF
6
, BrF
4
Sb
2
F
11
, IF
4
(SbF
6
)
3
, and BrF
2
BiF
6
react spontaneously with radon and radon daughters at 25°C, converting the radioelements to nonvolatile ions and compounds. The reagents can be used in gas-scrubbing units to remove radon and radon daughters from air. The halogen fluoride-antimony pentafluoride complexes may be suitable for purifying air in uranium mines and analyzing radon in air, since they have low dissociation pressures at 25°C and are less hazardous to handle than liquid halogen fluorides.
Radioautography of the Optic Tectum of the Goldfish after Intraocular Injection of [
3
H]Proline
Authors: Neale J. H. , Neale E. A. , Agranoff B. W.
Published: October 2006

Radioautography of the optic tectum of the goldfish, performed after injection of [
3
H]proline into the contralateral eye, effectively resolves several distinct layers of retinal synapses. Silver grains are found unilaterally over nerve tracts containing efferent fibers from the tectum, a result that suggests intercellular migration of labeled molecules. The low background and high specific grain density obtained with [
3
H]proline radioautography indicate the usefulness of this technique for the elucidation of neuroanatomical connections in the visual system.
Synaptogenesis in the Rat Cerebellum: Effects of Early Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Nicholson Jean L. , Altman Joseph
Published: October 2006

The number of synapses in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum is reduced by early hypo- and hyperthyroidism within 30 days. Hypothyroidism retards synaptogenesis after 10 days, while hyperthyroidism accelerates synaptogenesis initially, but by 21 days the number of synapses is reduced. The sensitivity of developing synapses to thyroid hormone may permit analysis of the events triggering synaptogenesis.
Hyperprolinemia and Prolinuria in a New Inbred Strain of Mice, PRO/Re
Authors: Blake R. L. , Russell E. S.
Published: October 2006

A hyperprolinemia was discovered, in a new inbred strain of mice, which was equivalent to about a sevenfold elevation above the concentration of proline in the blood of either of the original parental lines, or of 12 other inbred strains with diverse genetic constitution. In addition, mice of this PRO/Re strain exhibited a marked prolinuria, whereas the other 14 inbred strains had no proline detectable in their urine.
Partial Pressure of Gases Dissolved at Great Depth
Authors: Fenn Wallace O.
Published: October 2006

Thermodynamic considerations have been applied to data showing that the solubilities of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium in water decrease with increasing pressure and depth. When water is saturated with a given gas at 1 atmosphere absolute, the equilibrium partial pressure of the gas at any depth is equal to the partial pressure of that gas if it were contained in a gas column extending from the surface to that particular depth.
Hybridization of Burkitt Lymphoblastoid Cells
Authors: Glaser R. , O'Neill F. J.
Published: October 2006

Burkitt lymphoblastoid cell lines have been fused to mouse and human cell lines with the use of inactivated Sendai virus. The heterokaryons have developed into somatic cell hybrids of both parental cell types. Chromosome analyses confirm that cells now growing in selective medium are hybrids. Initial observations of preparations of the hybrid cells reveal that 5′-iododeoxyuridine can induce continued synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus antigens by these hybrid cells.
Chromosome Variation in
Peromyscus
: A New Mechanism
Authors: Duffey Patricia A.
Published: October 2006

Differences in total chromosome lengths between two karyotypically divergent groups of
Peromyscus maniculatus
are taken as evidence for an addition-deletion mechanism of chromosomal variation in the species. The differences may be due in part to variation in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin present in the two karyotypes.
Apollo 16 Geochemical X-ray Fluorescence Experiment: Preliminary Report
Authors: Adler I. , Trombka J. , Gerard J. , Lowman P. , Schmadebeck R. , Blodget H. , Eller E. , Yin L. , Lamothe R. , Osswald G. , Gorenstein P. , Bjorkholm P. , Gursky H. , Harris B.
Published: October 2006

The lunar surface was mapped with respect to magnesium, aluminum, and silicon as aluminum/ silicon and magnesium/ silicon intensity ratios along the projected ground tracks swept out by the orbiting Apollo 16 spacecraft. The results confirm the observations made during the Apollo 15 flight and provide new data for a number of features not covered before. The data are consistent with the idea that the moon has a widespread differentiated crust (the highlands). The aluminum/ silicon and magnesium/ silicon concentration ratios correspond to those for anorthositic gabbros through gabbroic anorthosites or feldspathic basalts. The x-ray results suggest the occurrence of this premare crust or material similar to it at the Descartes landing site.
Concanavalin A Agglutination of Intestinal Cells from the Human Fetus
Authors: Weiser Milton M.
Published: October 2006

Concanavalin A markedly agglutinated isolated epithelial cells from the intestine of the human fetus but not from the intestine of the adult. Wheat germ agglutinin only moderately agglutinated cells from the intestine of an adult. These results extend the studies of concanavalin A agglutination of embryonic cells to human tissue, and they suggest that concanavalin A may be reacting with a common antigen on the fetal cell membrane.
Expression of Lactate and Malate Dehydrogenases in Tumors Induced by SV40 and 7,12-Dimethylbenz(
a
)anthracene
Authors: Prasad Rupi , Prasad Naresh , Tevethia Satvir S.
Published: October 2006

Isozyme patterns of lactate and malate dehydrogenases were studied in tumors induced by SV40 and 7,12-dimethylbenz(
a
)anthracene and in established cultures of cells from these tumors. The expression of B polypeptide subunits of lactate dehydrogenase is suppressed similarly by both agents. This may be due to inactivation of the gene at the locus determining the B polypeptide subunit. Malate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns are not changed significantly by the virus or the carcinogen.
The Remanent Magnetization of Lunar Soils
Authors: Fuller M.
Published: October 2006

The magnetic material in the lunar soils makes them potentially strong carriers of remanence and magnetically viscous. The soils therefore block remanence in the temperature range of the lunar diurnal cycle. This remanence is stable against alternating-field demagnetization. A mechanism whereby such hard natural remanent magnetization may be acquired by material buried in the regolith is proposed.
Acrylamide Polymerization: New Method for Determining the Oxygen Content in Blood
Authors: Folkman Judah , Conn Howard , Harmel Richard
Published: October 2006

A new principle for determining the oxygen content of 0.1-milliliter blood samples has been developed, based on measurement of the delay in gelation during copolymerization of acrylamide and bisacrylamide initiated by free radicals. The logarithm of this time interval is linearly proportional to the oxygen content of the blood sample over the range 0 to 22 milliliters of oxygen per 100 milliliters of whole blood. Physiological variations of
p
H and
p
CO
2
do not affect the sensitivity of the assay.
Sandstone: Secular Trends in Lithology in Southwestern Montana
Authors: McLane Michael
Published: October 2006

Long-term secular trends in the composition and texture of sandstones in southwestern Montana reflect changing provenance and depositional environment, which in turn reflect changing tectonic patterns in the Cordilleran mobile belt just to the west.
Artificial Cloud Formation in the Atmosphere
Authors: Jayaweera K. O. L. F. , Ohtake Takeshi
Published: October 2006

An artificial cloud in the cloudless atmosphere at a temperature below 0°C was formed by introducing pellets of Dry Ice into air containing more water vapor than would be present at the saturation point with respect to ice. Such clouds could be utilized to establish radiative equilibrium between ground and air so as to inhibit the cooling of selective arctic surface regions under clear skies.
Murine Leukemia Virus: Restriction in Fused Permissive and Nonpermissive Cells
Authors: Tennant Raymond W. , Richter Conrad B.
Published: October 2006

Cultures of human cells nonpermissive for mouse leukemia virus replication could not be induced to support virus replication by homologous fusion in the presence of Moloney leukemia virus. Human cells were also fused with permissive mouse cells, and the fate of the virus in heterokaryons was determined by a simultaneous autoradiography and fluorescent antibody technique. Heterokaryons containing the full chromosome complement of both cells were likewise nonpermissive for virus synthesis, but hybrids of human and mouse cells, which lacked up to half of the human chromosome complement, were permissive for virus synthesis. The results suggest that human cell genes can direct a repressive control over mouse leukemia virus replication.
Limiting Factors in Phytoplankton Algae: Their Meaning and Measurement
Authors: O'Brien W. John
Published: October 2006

There are two common responses of plants to changes in concentration of limiting factors: change in the final yield (type I response) or change in the growth rate (type II response). Type II is typical of phytoplankton algae in nature, yet some experiments have failed to show growth rate changes because of inappropriate experimental design.
Selection for Circadian Eclosion Time in
Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Clayton Dale L. , Paietta John V.
Published: October 2006

Early and late eclosion strains were developed from
Drosophila melanogaster
cultures. The Oregon-R parent strains (isolated in 1925) showed significantly more selectability than the W
2
parent strain collected at the beginning of this study (1971). This is consistent with the hypothesis that the selective advantage of circadian behaviors is reduced in laboratory conditions.
Internal Gravity Wave-Atmospheric Wind Interaction: A Cause of Clear Air Turbulence
Authors: Bekofske K. , Liu V. C.
Published: October 2006

The interaction between an internal gravity wave and a vertical wind shear may be responsible for the production of clear air turbulence in the free atmosphere. A simplified model equation demonstrates the feasibility of the suggested mechanism.
Freeze-Fractured
Acholeplasma laidlawii
Membranes: Nature of Particles Observed
Authors: Tourtellotte Mark E. , Zupnik James S.
Published: October 2006

Freeze-fracture of
Acholeplasma laidlawii
membranes from cells incubated in the presence of puromycin or omission of amino acids reveals a decrease in the number of particles between 50 and 100 angstroms in the hydrophobic fracture plane, which strongly suggests that these particles are protein. Additional evidence indicates that they may be involved in substrate transport.
Photoreactivation of Ultraviolet-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations
Authors: Griggs H. Gaston , Bender Michael A.
Published: October 2006

Ultraviolet induces only chromatid-type aberrations in synchronized G
1
V-79 Chinese hamster and A8W243
Xenopus
tissue culture cells. Posttreatment with white light prevents expression of most potential aberrations in the A8 toad cell, which possesses a photoreactivation enzyme. We conclude that the major ultraviolet-induced DNA lesion leading to chromosomal aberrations is the pyrimidine dimer.
Alternative National Goals and Women's Employment
Authors: Gold Sonia S.
Published: October 2006

I have stressed the importance of economic growth and employment policies for the furtherance of women's career objectives. Legal action to remove discrimination, as well as transformation of attitudes and expectations, will prove but hollow successes if adequate career opportunities do not become available. For this reason, the employment outlook for professional women in the 1970's has been examined on the basis of three alternative views of the future. All three involve elements of uncertainty and would require adjustments in the labor market. In the first alternative, although the BLS projected an overall balance in the labor market, supply and demand were expected to be ill-matched in several professional sectors, entailing burdensome retraining for those finding themselves in the areas of excess supply. The more pessimistic variant, based either on failure to reach growth and employment goals or on deliberate pursuit of reduced growth goals—combined with population stabilization and increased productivity—would require such fundamental adjustments in the labor market as work-sharing and early retirement or deemphasis of career objectives. The optimistic variant posits economic and social needs great enough to warrant high growth rates and views an expanded labor supply as a factor enabling the economy to attain such growth rates and to extend the utilization of professional personnel in new as well as in established areas. The major burden posed by the optimistic variant involves the need to achieve social consensus on the goals of society and to maintain the commitment to those goals with energy and intelligence.
Toxin from
Fusarium moniliforme
: Effects on Plants and Animals
Authors: Cole Richard J. , Kirksey Jerry W. , Cutler Horace G. , Doupnik Ben L. , Peckham John C.
Published: October 2006

A mycotoxin-producing strain of
Fusarium moniliforme
was isolated from southern leaf blight-damaged corn seed. A water-soluble toxin, subsequently purified from the fungus, had an oral median lethal dose of 4.0 milligrams per kilogram in 1-day-old cockerels. The toxin also produced plant growth-regulating and phytotoxic effects on plant systems. Physical and chemical data presented for the toxin suggest a structurally new toxin. The trivial name "moniliformin" has been assigned to the toxin.
Electrogenic Sodium Pump and High Specific Resistance in Nerve Cell Bodies of the Squid
Authors: Carpenter David O.
Published: October 2006

An electrogenic sodium pump contributes to the membrane potential in squid nerve cell bodies, imparting a temperature dependence to the resting potential that is abolished by strophanthidin. The existence of a potential produced by the pump in the soma but not the axon is correlated with a higher membrane resistance in the soma. Thus, membranes from different parts of a neuron may have functionally significant differences in resistance.
Crystallographic Orientation of Clinoenstatite Produced by Deformation of Orthoenstatite
Authors: Coe R. S. , Muller W. F.
Published: October 2006

Uniaxial compression at 800°C and 5 kilobars confining pressure of a specimen cored from a single crystal of orthoenstatite [(Mg,Fe)SiO
3
] produced fine lamellae 100 to 1000 angstroms thick of untwinned clinoenstatite. The two phases are joined along (100) planes and have
b
and
c
axes in common. The orientation of the clinoenstatite
a
axis contradicts several previously suggested transformation mechanisms and reduces the set of possible mechanisms by a factor of 2.
Somatomedin: Inhibition of Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Subcellular Membranes of Various Tissues
Authors: Tell Guy P. E. , Cuatrecasas Pedro , Van Wyk Judson J. , Hintz Raymond L.
Published: October 2006

Somatomedin in concentrations between 3 and 20 units per milliliter significantly inhibits the basal activity of adenylate cyclase in crude membrane preparations obtained from homogenates of fat cells, liver, and spleen lymphocytes of the rat, and from chondrocytes and cartilage of chick embryos. The enzyme activity measured in the presence of stimulating hormones (epinephrine, prostaglandin PGE
1
, parathyroid hormone) is also inhibited in these preparations by somatomedin. These observations may be relevant in a general way to the mechanism of action of growth-promoting substances and to the processes which normally regulate cell growth.