bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CellAgeClock for expedited discovery of anti-ageing compounds
Authors: Lujan Celia , Tyler Eleanor J. , Ecker Simone , Webster Amy P. , Stead Eleanor R. , Martinez Miguel Victoria E. , Milligan Deborah , Garbe James C. , Stampfer Martha R. , Beck Stephan , Lowe Robert , Bishop Cleo L. , Bjedov Ivana
Published: October 2019

We aim to improve anti-ageing drug discovery, currently achieved through laborious and lengthy longevity analysis. Recent studies demonstrated that the most accurate molecular method to measure human age is based on CpG methylation profiles, as exemplified by several epigenetics clocks that can accurately predict an individual’s age. Here, we developed CellAgeClock, a new epigenetic clock that measures subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in vitro. As such, it provides a unique tool to measure effects of relatively short pharmacological treatments on ageing. We validated the CellAgeClock against known longevity drugs such as rapamycin and trametinib. Moreover, we uncovered novel anti-ageing drugs, torin2 and Dactolisib (BEZ-235), demonstrating the value of our approach as a screening and discovery platform for anti-ageing strategies. The CellAgeClock outperforms other epigenetic clocks in measuring subtle ageing changes in primary human cells in culture. The tested drug treatments reduced senescence and other ageing markers, further consolidating our approach as a screening platform. Finally, we show that the novel anti-ageing drugs we uncovered in vitro, indeed increased longevity in vivo. Our method expands the scope of CpG methylation profiling from measuring human chronological and biological age from human samples in years, to accurately and rapidly detecting anti-ageing potential of drugs using human cells in vitro, providing a novel accelerated discovery platform to test sought after geroprotectors.
Corporate social responsibility and future financial performance
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Lari DashtBayaz Mahmoud , Khorashadizadeh Sohila
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditures and firm financial performance in an emerging market.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examine the hypotheses by performing panel data analysis on a sample of 159 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2010–2015.

Findings

The findings suggest that the investment in CSR initiatives is significantly and positively associated with firm financial performance as proxied by changes in return on assets. Moreover, the findings confirm a positive and significant association between CSR expenditures and firm financial performance as proxied by both the future changes in return on assets and the future changes in operating cash flows scaled by total assets.

Originality/value

The present study has examined the relationship between CSR and firm financial performance in a country where, to the authors’ knowledge as in most other developing markets, such a relationship has not been a subject of empirical research. Besides, the use of a three-dimensional measure of financial performance, primarily considering research undertaken in an emerging market, as a valuable contribution may be observed.
A fourth-order accurate finite difference method to evaluate the true transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures
Authors: Balam Nagesh Babu , Gupta Akhilesh
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Modelling accurately the transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures been a challenging task because of a variety of numerical errors which have limited achieving the higher order temporal accuracy. A fourth-order accurate finite difference method in both space and time is proposed to overcome these numerical errors and accurately model the transient behaviour of natural convection flow in enclosures using vorticity–streamfunction formulation.

Design/methodology/approach

Fourth-order wide stencil formula with appropriate one-sided difference extrapolation technique near the boundary is used for spatial discretisation, and classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme is applied for transient term discretisation. The proposed method is applied on two transient case studies, i.e. convection–diffusion of a Gaussian Pulse and Taylor Vortex flow having analytical solution.

Findings

Error magnitude comparison and rate of convergence analysis of the proposed method with these analytical solutions establish fourth-order accuracy and prove the ability of the proposed method to truly capture the transient behaviour of incompressible flow. Also, to test the transient natural convection flow behaviour, the algorithm is tested on differentially heated square cavity at high Rayleigh number in the range of 103-108, followed by studying the transient periodic behaviour in a differentially heated vertical cavity of aspect ratio 8:1. An excellent comparison is obtained with standard benchmark results.

Research limitations/implications

The developed method is applied on 2D enclosures; however, the present methodology can be extended to 3D enclosures using velocity–vorticity formulations which shall be explored in future.

Originality/value

The proposed methodology to achieve fourth-order accurate transient simulation of natural convection flows is novel, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Stable fourth-order vorticity boundary conditions are derived for boundary and external boundary regions. The selected case studies for comparison demonstrate not only the fourth-order accuracy but also the considerable reduction in error magnitude by increasing the temporal accuracy. Also, this study provides novel benchmark results at five different locations within the differentially heated vertical cavity of aspect ratio 8:1 for future comparison studies.
FE analysis of strain constraint around the crack tip under cyclic loading
Authors: Šedek Jakub , Růžek Roman , Oliva Vladislav
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the FE analysis of strain constraint around the crack tip under cyclic loading and its utilization using crack growth prediction strip yield model (SYM). During cycling, the constraint develops based on the load history. The monotonic loading is analyzed mostly, but during cyclic loading the conditions are different. The constraint is analyzed after several loading cycles applied in upwards part of the cycle and the formula for its development is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the 3D FE analysis of middle-cracked tension specimen M(T). The strain constraint is described by Newman’s factorα. The variability of constraint factorαwas analyzed for several load levels and specimen thicknesses. The crack is considered as non-propagating with straight crack front. The material is modelled as elastic-perfectly plastic. The SYM is modified by implementing variable constraint and the experimental results are compared with the simulation.

Findings

In major part of the loading cycle, it was found by FE analysis, that the constraint factorαgis lower after overloads than when creating monotonic plastic deformation on the same load level. The value ofαgis governed by the ratio of thicknessBover the plastic zone sizerp. By implementing the variable constraint factor into the SYM, the improvement of the predicted specimens lives under variable amplitude loading was shown.

Originality/value

The new phenomenon on the variability of strain constraint during cyclic loading is presented. The development of constraint factorαgduring cyclic loading is different from the monotonic loading and should be accordingly implemented into prediction models.
Inverse kinematics solution and posture optimization of a new redundant hybrid automatic fastening system for aircraft assembly
Authors: Pan Guowei , Chen Wenliang , Wang Hui
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to use the redundancy of a new hybrid automatic fastening system (HAFS) for aircraft assembly in the best way.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the kinematic model of HAFS is divided into three sub-models, which are the upper/lower tool and parallel robot. With the geometric coordination relationship, a comprehensive kinematic model of the HAFS is built by mathematically assembling the sub-models based on the DH method. Then, a novel master-slave decoupling strategy for inverse kinematics solution is proposed. With the combination of the minimum energy consumption and the comfortable configuration, a multi-objective redundancy resolution method is developed to optimize the fastening configuration of the HAFS, which keep the HAFS away from the joint-limits and collision avoiding in the aircraft panel assembly process.

Findings

An efficient multi-objective posture optimization algorithm to use the redundancy in the best way is obtained. Simulation and an experiment are used to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed method. Moreover, the position and orientation errors of the drilling holes are within 0.222 mm and 0.356°, which are accurate enough for the automatic fastening in aircraft manufacturing.

Practical implications

This method has been used in the HAFS control system, and the practical results show the aircraft components can be fastened automatically through this method with high efficiency and high quality.

Originality/value

This paper proposes a comprehensive kinematic model and a novel decoupling strategy for inverse kinematic solution of the HAFS, which provides a reference to utilize the redundancy in the best way for a hybrid machine with redundant function.
Electrochemical oxidative degradation of indigo wastewater based on chlorine-containing system
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Weiwei , Li Xiaoyan , Yao Jiming
Published: October 2019

Purpose

In this study, the oxidative degradation performance of indigo wastewater based on electrochemical systems was explored. The decolourization degrees, removal rate of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand of the indigo wastewater after degradation were evaluated and optimized treatment conditions being obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

The single factor method was first used to select the electrolyte system and electrode materials. Then the response surface analysis based on Box–Behnken Design was chosen to determine the influence of four independent variables such as FeCl3 concentration, NaCl concentration, decolourization time and voltage on the degradation efficiency.

Findings

On the basis of single factor experiment, the electrode material of stainless steel was selected in the double cell, and the indigo wastewater was electrolyzed with FeCl3 and NaCl electrolytes. The process conditions of electrochemical degradation of indigo wastewater were optimized by response surface analysis: the concentration of FeCl3 and NaCl was of 16 and 9 g/L, respectively, with a decolourization time of 50 min, voltage of 10 V and decolourization percentage of 98.94. The maximum removal rate of chemical oxygen demand reached 75.46 per cent. The highest ratio of B/C was 3.77, which was considered to be more biodegradable.

Research limitations/implications

Dyeing wastewater is bringing out more and more pollution problems to the environment. However, there are some shortcomings in traditional technologies such as adsorption and filtration. As a kind of efficient and clean water treatment technology, electrochemical oxidation has been applied to the treatments of various types of wastewater. The decolourization and degradation of indigo wastewater is taken as an example to provide reference for the treatment of wastewater in actual plants.

Practical implications

The developed method provided a simple and practical solution for efficiently degrading indigo wastewater.

Originality/value

The method for the electrochemical oxidation technology was novel and could find numerous applications in the degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater.
Occupational therapist use of the ‘Timed Up and Go’ test in a Memory Clinic to compare performance between cognitive diagnoses and screen for falls risk
Authors: Harper Kristie J. , Riley Vera , Petta Antonio , Jacques Angela , Spendier Nicholas , Ingram Katharine
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Occupational therapists assess older patients attending Memory Clinics to address multiple facets, including memory, activities of daily living function, mobility and falls risk. Identifying deficits in motor and functional abilities represents a crucial and necessary component of cognitive diagnosis. The aim of this research was to compare performance on the TUG between patients with normal (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Methods

A prospective single‐blind single‐centre cohort study was conducted in a Memory Clinic. Patients underwent comprehensive medical assessment, including the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to determine a cognitive diagnosis. The occupational therapist, blinded to any diagnosis, completed the TUG.

Results

A total of 158 patients aged 60 years and older were recruited. The average TUG was 15.4 s, which was similar between men and women (p = .87). A TUG greater than ≥14 s was significantly associated with the use of a walking aid (p ≤ .001). The TUG increased with age and a slower TUG was associated with a greater number of previous falls (p = .023). The TUG did not significantly differ between patients with dementia, MCI and NC (p = .095). However, there was a significant difference comparing patients with NC and MCI (14.3 s) to those with dementia (16.4 s) (p = .048). There was a significant weak negative correlation between the MMSE and the TUG of −0.253 (p = .003). Univariate models showed that a patient's ability to ambulate independently contributed to 33% of the variance in the TUG, whereas previous falls contributed to 4%, highlighting the importance of physical function and intervention to target this.

Conclusion

A simple TUG test should be considered for use by occupational therapists in a Memory Clinic to screen patients at risk of falling. Patients diagnosed with dementia have a significantly slower TUG. However, this tool cannot assist with the early detection of patients with MCI.
Why Right‐Leaning Populism has Grown in the Most Advanced Liberal Democracies of Europe
Authors: Grindheim Jan Erik
Published: October 2019

Immigration and new class divisions, combined with a growing anti‐elitism and political correctness, are often used as explanations for the strong gains for right‐leaning populist parties in national elections across Europe in recent years. But contrary to what we might assume, such parties have been very successful in the most developed and comprehensive welfare states, in nations—such as the Nordic countries—with the best scores on economic equality and social inclusion and long established political and judicial institutions enjoying a high degree of popular legitimacy. As argued in this article, this seems to happen because a duopoly of the centre‐left and centre‐right political establishment has kept issues such as immigration and new class divisions off the public agenda and hence paved the way for right‐leaning ‘disruptor’ populist parties with an anti‐immigration agenda in times of increasing immigration.
Quality and Sensory Study of Fresh Sour Cherry Juices Upon Cultivar, Growing Area and Weather Conditions
Authors: Repajić Maja , Puškar Boris , Dugalić Krunoslav , Vahčić Nada , Srečec Siniša , Dragović‐Uzelac Verica , Jurković Zorica , Levaj Branka
Published: October 2019

Freshly squeezed sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juices of Maraska Brač (BR), Maraska MA (MA), Oblačinska 18 (18), Oblačinska Osječka (OS), Rexelle (REX), Heimann conserved (HEI), and Kelleris 16 (KEL) grown in different climate regions (Mediterranean and continental) in two consecutive harvest years were analyzed for quality and sensory properties. Obtained results showed that investigated sources of variation (cultivar, growing area, harvest year) significantly influenced physical, chemical, and sensory properties of tested juices. All juices had high soluble solids (SS) (17.26% to 25.89%), especially BR (24.19%), MA (25.89%), 18 (24.66%), and OS (23.61%). Juices also had considerable total phenols (TP) content (2.19 to 5.87 mg GAE ml−1) and antioxidant capacity (AC) (0.020 to 0.045 mmol TE mL−1) with BR, MA, REX, and HEI containing the highest amounts of bioactive compounds (BR = 5.87 mg GAE mL−1, MA = 5.68 mg GAE mL−1, REX = 4.42 mg GAE mL−1, HEI = 4.27 mg GAE mL−1). Sensory evaluation showed that all juices had satisfying sensory profiles with BR, MA, 18, OS, and KEL juices scoring particularly high (5.3 to 8.9 of 10) in desirable sensory properties (color intensity [CI], sour cherry taste [SCT], harmonious taste [HT], taste fullness [TF], sour cherry odor [SCO], and viscosity [V]) of fresh sour cherry cloudy juice. Juices from Mediterranean area achieved higher values for SS, pH, SS/TA ratio, TP, AC, SCT, HT, TF, SCO, and V compared to continental zone juices. Harvest year with higher temperatures and less rainfall also resulted in higher SS, pH, TP, and AC as well as stronger expression of desirable sensory properties.

Practical Application

The results of this study provide an insight into sour cherry potential for use in functional food products, including today's popular smoothies, since it is fruit rich with health contributing compounds and possesses desirable sensory characteristics (color intensity, sour cherry taste, harmonious taste, taste fullness, sour cherry odor, and viscosity) at the same time, which can differ due to cultivar, climate diversity as well as weather conditions.
Postoperative quality and safety using Efficacy Safety Score (ESS) and a wireless patient monitoring system at the ward: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Skraastad Erlend Johan , Borchgrevink Petter Christian , Nilsen Tom Ivar L. , Ræder Johan
Published: October 2019

Background

Postoperative pain, side‐effects and time to mobilisation are indicators for the quality of postoperative recovery. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate if efficacy safety score (ESS) combined with a wireless patient monitoring system would improve these clinical outcomes for patients at a general surgical ward.

Methods

The trial included 195 patients randomised to a standard care group (SC‐Group) or intervention group (INT‐Group) receiving continuous wireless monitoring of vital signs combined with ESS during the first 24 postoperative hours. The primary outcome was time to mobilisation. Secondary outcomes were average pain, doses of postoperative opioids, unscheduled interventions, side‐effects, patient satisfaction and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results

Mean time to postoperative mobilisation was 10.1 hours for patients in the INT‐Group compared to 14.2 hours in the SC‐Group; this corresponds to an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.04‐2.28). INT‐Group patients received a higher dose of oral morphine equivalents; 26 mg vs 15 mg, P < .001; reported lower intensity of pain on a 0‐10 scale; 2.1 vs 3.3, P < .001; and had higher patient satisfaction on a 5‐point scale; 4.9 vs 4.3, P < .001. The LOS was similar between the groups; 71 hours in INT‐Group vs 77 hours in SC‐Group, P = .58. No serious side‐effects were registered in INT‐Group, whereas two were registered in SC‐Group.

Conclusions

Introducing ESS as a decision tool combined with a wireless monitoring system resulted in less pain, increased satisfaction and more rapid mobilisation for patients in this study.

Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03438578.
Equifinality and preservation potential of complex eskers
Authors: Storrar Robert D. , Ewertowski Marek , Tomczyk Aleksandra M. , Barr Iestyn D. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Ruffell Alastair , Stoker Ben J. , Evans David J. A.
Published: October 2019

Eskers are useful for reconstructing meltwater drainage systems of glaciers and ice sheets. However, our process understanding of eskers suffers from a disconnect between sporadic detailed morpho‐sedimentary investigations of abundant large‐scale ancient esker systems, and a small number of modern analogues where esker formation has been observed. This paper presents the results of detailed field and high‐resolution remote sensing studies into two esker systems that have recently emerged at Hørbyebreen, Svalbard, and one at Breiðamerkurjökull, Iceland. Despite the different glaciological settings (polythermal valley glacier vs. active temperate piedmont lobe), in all cases a distinctive planform morphology has developed, where ridges are orientated in two dominant directions corresponding to the direction of ice flow and the shape of the ice margin. These two orientations in combination form a cross‐cutting and locally rectilinear pattern. One set of ridges at Hørbyebreen is a hybrid of eskers and geometric ridges formed during a surge and/or jökulhlaup event. The other sets of ridges are eskers formed time‐transgressively at a retreating ice margin. The similar morphology of esker complexes formed in different ways on both glacier forelands implies equifinality, meaning that care should be taken when interpreting Quaternary esker patterns. The eskers at Hørbyebreen contain substantial ice‐cores with a high ice:sediment ratio, suggesting that they would be unlikely to survive after ice melt. The Breiðamerkurjökull eskers emerged from terrain characterized by buried ice that has melted out. Our observations lead us to conclude that eskers may reflect a wide range of processes at dynamic ice margins, including significant paraglacial adjustments. This work, as well as previous studies, confirms that constraints on esker morphology include: topographic setting (e.g. confined valley or broad plain); sediment and meltwater availability (including surges and jökulhlaups); position of formation (supraglacial, englacial or subglacial); and ice‐marginal dynamics such as channel abandonment, the formation of outwash heads or the burial and/or exhumation of dead ice.
The call to endless adventure: The dynamic unending ascent into God and virtual worlds
Authors: Wise Joshua
Published: October 2019

This article brings together the ideas of Epektasis, dynamic heavenly hierarchy, and adventure to discuss the nature of the expected heavenly new creation. Considering the idea of Epektasis as a never‐ending upward striving into God understood through the work of Joseph Campbell, adventure is used as a descriptive analogy for this process of delving more deeply into God as a community. Virtual worlds, especially video games, are presented as a contemporary metaphor for the invitation to adventure offered by a community's vision of joy and engagement with creation.
Evidence that the multiflorine‐derived substituted quinazolidine 55P0251 augments insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose via antagonism at α2‐adrenoceptors in mice
Authors: Lehner Zsuzsanna , Stadlbauer Karin , Brunmair Barbara , Adorjan Immanuel , Genov Miroslav , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Scherer Thomas , Scheinin Mika , Bauer Leonhardt , Fürnsinn Clemens
Published: October 2019

Aims

To investigate the mechanism of action of 55P0251, a novel multiflorine‐derived substituted quinazolidine that augments insulin release and lowers blood glucose in rodents, but does not act via mechanisms addressed by any antidiabetic agent in clinical use.

Materials and Methods

Using male mice, we determined the effects of 55P0251 on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion from isolated islets and blood oxygen saturation, including head‐to‐head comparison of 55P0251 to its inverted enantiomer 55P0250, as well as to other anti‐hyperglycaemic multiflorine derivatives discovered in our programme.

Results

55P0251 was clearly superior to its inverted enantiomer in the glucose tolerance test (area under the curve: 11.3 mg/kg 55P0251, 1.19 ± 0.04 min*mol/L vs 55P0250, 1.80 ± 0.04 min*mol/L; P < .0001). For insulin release in vitro, this superiority became visible only under concomitant adrenergic background stimulation (glucose‐stimulated insulin release, fmol*islet−1*30 min−1: without α2‐adrenoceptor agonist: 500 μmol/L 55P0251, 390 ± 34, vs 55P0250, 459 ± 40, nonsignificant; with α2‐adrenoceptor agonist: 250 μmol/L 55P0251, 138 ± 9, vs 55P0250, 21 ± 6; P < .0001). Since receptor binding assays suggested antagonism at α2A‐adrenoceptors as a potential mechanism of action, we measured oxygen saturation in capillary blood from the tail as a surrogate of vasoconstriction, which supported α2‐antagonistic action in vivo (90 mg/kg 55P0251, 83 ± 3%, vs 55P0250, 57 ± 3%; P < .0001). Lack of association between glucose‐lowering activities and α2A‐adrenoceptor binding affinity arising from comparison of multiflorine derivatives was attributed to differences in their pharmacokinetic properties.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that 55P0251 and related multiflorine derivatives are to be categorized as α2‐adrenoceptor antagonists with potential to lower blood glucose by blocking α2A‐adrenoceptors on pancreatic β cells.
Fasting C‐peptide, a biomarker for hypoglycaemia risk in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL
Authors: Landgraf Wolfgang , Owens David R. , Frier Brian M. , Zhang Mei , Bolli Geremia B.
Published: October 2019

Aim

To examine the relationship between baseline fasting C‐peptide (FCP) and outcomes in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100).

Materials and methods

Post hoc pooled analysis of nine randomized, treat‐to‐target trials in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral antihyperglycaemic drugs initiating once‐daily Gla‐100. Participants (n = 2165) were stratified at baseline according to FCP (≤0.40, >0.40–1.20, >1.20–2.00, >2.00 nmol/L). Glycaemic control, body weight, insulin dose and hypoglycaemia were determined at 24 weeks.

Results

At baseline low FCP levels were associated with longer known diabetes duration, lower body mass index and higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Following Gla‐100 introduction, the mean HbA1c reduction at week 24 was similar in all four FCP groups, albeit fewer people in the lowest FCP group achieved HbA1c <7.0% versus FCP groups >0.40 nmol/L. By contrast, FPG reduction and proportion reaching FPG ≤5.6 mmol/L were greatest in the lowest FCP group, diminishing at higher FCP levels. Gla‐100 dose at week 24 was lowest in the ≤0.40 nmol/L FCP group and highest in the >1.20 nmol/L FCP group. Incidence and event rate of overall, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were higher at week 24 in groups with lower FCP levels. In multivariable regression analysis baseline FCP, concomitant sulphonylurea use and endpoint HbA1c were strong predictors of hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

FCP levels identified patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing different responses to basal insulin Gla‐100. A low FCP identifies a markedly insulin‐deficient, insulin‐sensitive subgroup/phenotype with an enhanced risk of hypoglycaemia, which requires a low initial basal insulin dose, cautious titration and earlier addition of prandial glucose‐lowering therapy.
Agonoscena succincta (Heeger, 1856) (Hemiptera, Aphalaridae): a first record for Tunisia and Africa
Authors: Ben Halima Kamel M. , Mdellel L. , Zouari S. , Adouani R. , Germain J. F.
Published: October 2019

In April 2017, curling leaves were seen on Ruta graveolens L. (Rutacea) for the first time in an ornamental nursery at Chott Mariem (Governorate‐Sousse, Tunisia). Samples of the symptomatic leaves were collected and brought to laboratory for identification of the insect pests present. Morphological identification showed the presence of various life stages of Agonoscena succincta (Heeger, 1856) (Hemiptera, Aphalaridae). This species is seen for the first time in Tunisia and Africa.
Adopted Children's Social Competence: The Interplay Between Past and Present Influences
Authors: Soares Joana , Barbosa‐Ducharne Maria , Palacios Jesús , Moreira Marta , Fonseca Sílvia , Cruz Orlanda
Published: October 2019

Objective

To explore potential postadoption moderators of the link between preadoption experiences and adoptees' social competence.

Background

In the context of the limited and inconsistent knowledge about adopted children's social competence, our hypotheses concern the interplay between preadoption parental neglect and adoptive parents' emotion socialization practices.

Method

With adopters as informants, the social competence of 97 Portuguese school‐age children was evaluated in terms of social skills and competing problem behaviors, using the Social Skills Improvement System‐Rating Scale. Children's preadoption experiences (using a sociodemographic questionnaire) and parental emotion socialization (evaluated by the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale) were also assessed.

Results

Time since adoption and unsupportive adoptive parents' responses moderated the relationship between preadoption parental neglect and adoptees' social skills. Unsupportive adoptive parents' responses exacerbated the effects of preadoption neglect. This moderation was stronger with longer postadoption time.

Conclusion

Added to preadoption parental neglect, unsupportive adoptive parenting accentuates the risks for adoptees' social competence.

Implications

Adoptive parents should be informed that socialization practices concerning children's negative emotions are associated with adopted children's social competence.
Correlation of changes in seasonal distribution and catch of red sea bream Pagrus major with winter temperature in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan (1972–2010)
Authors: Yamamoto Masayuki , Omi Hiroaki , Yasue Naotaka , Kasai Akihide
Published: October 2019

Red sea bream Pagrus major is a commercially important fish in Japan. In eastern Seto Inland Sea (SIS), the catch has increased from 297 tons in 1972 to 2,039 tons in 2010. We examined the relationship, 1972–2010, between increase in catch and winter temperature, based on the catch in February and March and the lowest water temperature at 10 m depth. In 1972–1986, the lowest water temperatures in the inner SIS areas (Osaka Bay, Harima‐nada, and Bisan‐seto) were <8°C, which is physiologically unfavorable for red sea bream. However, in 1987–2010 temperatures were generally ≥8°C. In the inner areas, the catch during winter had been minimal until the early 1980s, presumably because most red sea breams moved to the Kuroshio‐influenced (warmer) Kii Channel area. However, the winter catch in the inner areas of SIS increased from the late 1980s with warm winters. In addition, the catch between April and June, the spawning season, increased in the inner areas from the 1990s, and the catch rate of the inner areas was more than twice higher in the 2000s than in the 1980s. The results suggest that expansion of the distribution area during winter due to warm winter and increase in egg production in the inner areas greatly contributes to the increasing in catch in the eastern SIS.
An insect invasion of Antarctica: the past, present and future distribution of Eretmoptera murphyi (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Signy Island
Authors: Bartlett Jesamine C. , Convey Pete , Pertierra Luis R. , Hayward Scott A. L.
Published: October 2019

Rising human activity in Antarctica, combined with continued warming of the polar climate, means the risk of non‐native terrestrial species colonising and establishing in its biodiversity‐ and nutrient‐poor ecosystems is increasing.

Of the five non‐native invertebrate species currently in terrestrial Antarctica, the flightless midge Eretmoptera murphyi (Schaeffer, The Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences 2:90–94, 1914) is perhaps the most persistent insect invader. Accidentally introduced to Signy Island (60°S) in the 1960s from sub‐Antarctic South Georgia (54°S), E. murphyi has steadily increased its distribution, however, its status has not been reassessed for a decade.

Here, we update the distribution of E. murphyi on Signy, specifically assessing whether footpaths to regularly visited research sites represent dispersal corridors.

Our findings show that both the abundance and range of E. murphyi have increased significantly since 2009, particularly along paths leading away from the original introduction site, and that the species is now on the cusp of moving into new valley systems.

We identify a moderate association with soil/substrate and vegetation types and build Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models to predict areas of the island that may be at highest risk of future colonisation.

As a detritivore with no competitors or predators, E. murphyi may have a major impact. For example, accelerating nutrient cycling which may have wider impacts on all levels of biodiversity.

This study highlights the need for an assessment of current biosecurity protocols applied within the Antarctic Treaty system, as well as the need for systematic regular monitoring of introduced and invasive species in Antarctica.
Microstructural and technological investigation of bone China reformulated with nepheline syenite and quartz addition
Authors: Kabakci Elif , Capoglu Ahmet
Published: October 2019

In this study, bone china body was reformulated by completely replacing Cornish stone with nepheline syenite and quartz. Effect of controlled milling/mixing on the technological properties and microstructural evolution was also studied. Specimens prepared both from reformulated and controlled milled/mixed bodies were sintered between 1200 and 1250°C with 25°C increment. Sintering and technological properties of reformulated bodies were not being adversely affected but conversely, the measured flexural strength values (55 MPa) were half of the value that was published for bone china (100 MPa). Microstructural investigations showed that enlarged pore formation was the reason for strength reduction. However, improvement in particle packing by controlled milling/mixing eliminated enlarged pore formation and in response, flexural strength values increased to conventionally quoted levels. Detailed microstructural investigations revealed that the reason behind enlarged pore formation was heterogeneous distributions of body components, especially CaO and quartz grains. It was suggested that variations of CaO and SiO2 to form improper ratio between them would affect the viscosity of glassy phase and crystallization, which would prevent gases in pores to dissolve away. The obtainment of homogenous distribution of body components by controlled milling/mixing has a strong influence on the evolution of microstructure and improvement of technological properties.
Tracking ice phenology by migratory waterbirds: settling phenology and breeding success of species with divergent population trends
Authors: Pöysä Hannu
Published: October 2019

Dependence on climate‐driven environmental cues in the initiation of life cycle stages is a critical attribute when assessing vulnerability of species to climate change impacts. This study focused on spring ice phenology as a cue to the settling of migratory waterbirds, asking whether there is an asynchrony between ice phenology and settling phenology that could affect breeding success of six species with divergent population trends. In the 37 study lakes in southeastern Finland, the ice‐out date not only varied considerably between years, but became progressively earlier during the study period, 1991–2018. Settling phenology of all species tracked inter‐annual variation in ice phenology. However, the degree of asynchrony between ice phenology and settling phenology varied between species, allowing discrimination between early and late settlers. Considerable inter‐annual variation also occurred within species, but in only one species did the degree of asynchrony correlate with the ice‐out date: for the horned grebe Podiceps auritus an earlier ice‐out date meant greater asynchrony between settling phenology and ice phenology. The degree of asynchrony between settling phenology and ice phenology did not affect breeding success in any species. However, ice phenology per se affected breeding success of horned grebes: earlier ice‐out was associated with lower annual breeding success. Breeding numbers of horned grebe showed a long‐term decline. Results suggest that short‐distance migratory birds are able to respond to climate change‐driven phenological changes in their breeding environments, and that this ability may not depend on the relative timing of breeding.
Cell‐autonomous impact of polysialic acid‐producing enzyme ST8SIA2 on developmental migration and distribution of cortical interneurons
Authors: Schuster Ute E. , Rossdam Charlotte , Röckle Iris , Schiff Miriam , Hildebrandt Herbert
Published: October 2019

In humans, variations in the polysialic acid‐producing enzyme ST8SIA2 and disturbances in the cortical inhibitory system are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In mice, the ST8SIA2‐dependent formation of polysialic acid during embryonic development is crucial for the establishment of interneuron populations of the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the spatial pattern and the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of interneuron changes caused by loss of ST8SIA2 function have not been fully characterized. Here, we use immunohistochemical analysis to demonstrate that densities of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons are not only reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex, but also in the adjacent motor and somatosensory cortices of St8sia2‐deficient male mice. These reductions, however, were confined to the rostral parts of the analyzed region. Mice with conditional knockout of St8sia2 under the interneuron‐specific Lhx6 promoter, but not mice with a deletion under the Emx1 promoter that targets cortical excitatory neurons and glia, largely recapitulated the area‐specific changes of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the anterior cortex of St8sia2‐/‐ mice. Live imaging of interneuron migration in slice cultures of the developing cortex revealed a comparable reduction of directional persistence accompanied by increased branching of leading processes in slice cultures obtained from St8sia2‐/‐ embryos or from embryos with interneuron‐specific ablation of St8sia2. Together, the data demonstrate a cell‐autonomous impact of ST8SIA2 on cortical interneuron migration and the distribution of parvalbumin‐positive interneurons in the anterior cortex. This provides a neurodevelopmental mechanism for how dysregulation of ST8SIA2 may lead to disturbed inhibitory balance as observed in schizophrenia and autism.

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Thymol reverses depression-like behaviour and upregulates hippocampal BDNF levels in chronic corticosterone-induced depression model in female mice
Authors: Capibaribe Victor Celso Cavalcanti , Vasconcelos Mallmann Auriana Serra , Lopes Iardja Stéfane , Oliveira Iris Cristina Maia , de Oliveira Natalia Ferreira , Chaves Raquell de Castro , Fernandes Mariana Lima , de Araujo Mariana Albuquerque , da Silva Daniel Moreira Alves , Valentim José Tiago , Maia Chaves Filho Adriano José , Macêdo Danielle Silveira , de Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes , de Carvalho Alyne Mara Rodrigues , de Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Based on this, the central therapeutic effects of thymol were verified in the neurotrophic pathway.

Methods

Female swiss mice were divided into four groups: control, corticosterone (Cort), thymol (Cort + thymol) and fluvoxamine (Cort + Flu). The administration of corticosterone was used to induce depressive symptoms for 23 days. After the treatment, the animals were exposed the behavioural tests, such as forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, light/dark test, social interaction test, Y-maze test, plus-maze test and hole-board test. The hippocampus was also removed, and BDNF was measured by ELISA and Western blot.

Key findings

As a result, thymol and fluvoxamine were able to reverse the depressive symptoms, as well as to improve the anxious frame. The anhedonic and short-term memory was restored with the treatment. In the neurochemical tests, both thymol and fluvoxamine restored BDNF levels, improving the depressive condition.

Conclusions

This work opens up new investigations aiming at the use of this molecule as a therapeutic alternative for treating depression disorders.
A review of hyperfibrinolysis in cats and dogs
Authors: Birkbeck R. , Humm K. , Cortellini S.
Published: October 2019

The fibrinolytic system is activated concurrently with coagulation; it regulates haemostasis and prevents thrombosis by restricting clot formation to the area of vascular injury and dismantling the clot as healing occurs. Dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system, which results in hyperfibrinolysis, may manifest as clinically important haemorrhage. Hyperfibrinolysis occurs in cats and dogs secondary to a variety of congenital and acquired disorders. Acquired disorders associated with hyperfibrinolysis, such as trauma, cavitary effusions, liver disease andAngiostrongylus vasoruminfection, are commonly encountered in primary care practice. In addition, delayed haemorrhage reported in greyhounds following trauma and routine surgical procedures has been attributed to a hyperfibrinolytic disorder, although this has yet to be characterised. The diagnosis of hyperfibrinolysis is challenging and, until recently, has relied on techniques that are not readily available outside referral hospitals. With the recent development of point‐of‐care viscoelastic techniques, assessment of fibrinolysis is now possible in referral practice. This will provide the opportunity to target haemorrhage due to hyperfibrinolysis with antifibrinolytic drugs and thereby reduce associated morbidity and mortality. The fibrinolytic system and the conditions associated with increased fibrinolytic activity in cats and dogs are the focus of this review article. In addition, laboratory and point‐of‐care techniques for assessing hyperfibrinolysis and antifibrinolytic treatment for patients with haemorrhage are reviewed.
Outcome and complications in horses administered sterile or non‐sterile fluids intravenously
Authors: Kopper Jamie J. , Bolger Megan E. , Kogan Clark J. , Schott Harold C.
Published: October 2019

Background

Obtaining commercial fluids for intravenous administration (IVF) was challenging during a recent shortage. This necessitated use of custom‐made non‐sterile fluids for intravenous administration (JUGs) in some hospitals. There are no studies comparing outcome of horses treated with JUG versus IVF and limited information is available about adverse effects of JUGs.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate death, complications, blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations of horses that received JUG versus IVFs.

Animals

One hundred eighty‐six horses that received IVFs and 37 that received JUGs.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify horses that received IVFs or JUGs during hospitalization. Information including survival to discharge, complications (fever [>38.5°C], jugular vein phlebitis/thrombosis, arrhythmia, or laminitis), blood pH, and plasma electrolyte concentrations were obtained.

Results

There was no difference (P = .67) in survival to discharge for horses that received JUGs (78%) compared to horses that received IVFs (87%). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to develop a jugular vein complication (3 of 37 versus 1 of 186, odds ratio 17.2 [95% CI 1.9‐389.8], P = .04). Horses that received JUGs were more likely to have electrolyte abnormalities consistent with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Veterinarians using JUGs should obtain informed client consent because of a potential increased risk of jugular vein complications. Chloride content of JUGs should be considered to limit development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
Proliferation of the problem of orphan works across the world
Authors: Ahmed Bzhar Abdullah , Al‐Salihi Kameran Hussein
Published: October 2019

The article examines the problem of orphan works in general. Orphan works are copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or impossible to identify and/or locate after a diligent search has been conducted. The article introduces the nature of the problem and how it emerged. There are various reasons for the creation of the problem of orphan works and the authors undertake a qualitative approach to a thorough investigation that reveals that orphan works have become a significant challenge. The authors also reveal the legal and technological factors behind the creation of the problem and suggest ways to prevent its recurrence in the future. It is understood that orphan works undermine the goal of copyright law because one of the objectives of providing authors with copyright protection is that the public should, in return, be able to access the protected work and take benefit from it; however, the problem of orphan works deprives the public of a means of accessing these works.
Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Aspergillus nidulans complex obtained from clinical and environmental sources
Authors: Tavakoli Mahin , Rivero‐Menendez Olga , Abastabar Mahdi , Hedayati Mohammad T. , Sabino Raquel , Siopi Maria , Zarrinfar Hossein , Nouripour‐Sisakht Sadegh , van der Lee Henrich , Valadan Reza , Meletiadis Joseph , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana
Published: October 2019

The molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus nidulans species complex has not been well studied. To evaluate the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility patterns of clinical and environmental isolates of A. nidulans complex. Sixty clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus section Nidulantes were collected from five countries (Iran, The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal and Greece). The species were molecularly identified by sequencing of β‐tubulin gene. The genetic diversity of A nidulans complex isolates (n = 54) was determined with a microsatellite genotyping assay. Antifungal susceptibility profile was determined using EUCAST method. The isolates were classified as A nidulans (46.7%), A spinulosporus (26.6%), A quadrilineatus (10%), A pachycristatus (3.3%), A rugulosus (3.3%), A unguis (5%), A creber, (1.7%), A olivicola (1.7%) and A sydowii (1.7%). Thirty‐four sequence types (STs) were identified among the 54 A nidulans complex isolates. A high level of genetic diversity was found among A nidulans sensu stricto strains but low diversity was found among A spinulosporus strains. Amphotericin B showed high MICs to all species. The most active azole was posaconazole (GM = 0.64 mg/L), while itraconazole showed the highest MICs among azoles (GM = 2.95 mg/L). A spinulosporus showed higher MICs than A nidulans sensu stricto for all antifungals except for micafungin and anidulafungin. Interspecies variations may result in differences in antifungal susceptibility patterns and challenge antifungal therapy in infections caused by A nidulans. Differences in the distribution of STs or persistence of multiple STs might be related to the sources of isolation and niche specialisation.