bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Level of conus medullaris termination in adult Kashmiri population: a magnet resonance imaging-based study
Authors: Neha Zahoor Sheikh , Rashid Baseerat , Nazir Sabia , Ahmad Khan Naseer , Khan Javed Ahmad , Mubashir Yousuf Syed , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Background: The spinal cord is considered as the principle content of vertebral canal. It begins as a downward extension of medulla oblongata at the level of upper border of first cervical vertebrae (C1). The terminal part of spinal cord is conical and is termed as conus medullaris. In adults the level of termination of conus medullaris varies between T12 to L3 vertebrae. The level of termination of conus medullaris is clinically important to avoid injuries during spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture.
Methods: The saggital magnetic resonance images of 168 patients were reviewed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Srinagar from January 2022 to June 2022. The most caudal point of the cord was considered as the tip of conus medullaris. A line was drawn through the tip perpendicular to the long axis of spinal cord to determine its location with adjacent vertebra.
Results: The level of conus medullaris termination was most commonly located at T12-L1 intervertebral disc level. The results revealed a significant statistical difference in levels of termination of conus medullaris with respect to age and sex.
Conclusions: In literature, the highest level of conus medullaris termination is stated to be at T11-T12 Intervertebral disc and the lowest level at the body of L3 vertebra. Therefore, spinal anaesthesia and lumber puncture procedure should be done below L3 vertebral body in order to avoid iatrogenic complications.
Role of testicular elastography in the evaluation of male infertility: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Varma Dixit , Ullah Ibrahim Khalil , Thakur Madhurjya Kumar
Published: April 2023

Background: An estimated 70 million people worldwide are thought to be affected by some severity of infertility. Ultrasound, MRI, and invasive procedures like venography and vasography are the usual investigations taken for the evaluation of infertility. Ultrasound is the preferred initial modality due to its availability and non-invasive nature. In our study, we evaluated the usefulness of advanced ultrasound techniques like Doppler and Elastography and compared the results with biochemical parameters of semen analysis.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, on men between the ages of 22 and 45, with normal or abnormal sperm analysis reports, who presented with inability to conceive. The testicular parenchyma resistive index, shear value and shear ratio were recorded. The mean values of the data and their standard deviations were assessed and compared by Student’s t-test. The correlation of semen parameters with RI and shear wave indices was tested by One way ANOVA test, with a p value<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Our study found that strain value and strain ratio were significantly elevated in the non-fertile group compared to the fertile group. The resistive index of the intraparenchymal arteries did not show any difference between infertile and fertile men.
Conclusions: Hence, we concluded that strain value and strain ratio are important investigative tools in the evaluation of male infertility. However, since our study was conducted on a small sample, larger large-scale studies are useful in establishing a concrete conclusion.
Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and dynamic stretching on flexibility, agility, and balance in hamstring tightness among collegiate level badminton players
Authors: Hegishte Atharva S. , Kumar Neeraj
Published: April 2023

Background: The development of muscular damage is typically attributed to intrinsic factors, such as muscle tension. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that muscular stiffness is the primary cause of the risk of pathological disorders of the knee and spine. Hamstring tightness leads to high risk of recurrent injury, decreases the performance in athletes, lead to post-exercise soreness and decreases coordination among athletes. Objectives of current study were to find out the effects of PNF and dynamic stretching on flexibility, balance, and agility among collegiate level badminton players having hamstring tightness.
Methods: 110 participants were screened and 68 participants were recruited according to the selection criteria and were randomly allocated to Group A (PNF stretching) (N=34) and Group B (Dynamic Stretching) (N=34). The exercise program underwent training for 30 min, 3 times per week for 4 weeks.
Results: Group A and Group B demonstrated significant improvement in Flexibility, Balance, and Agility (p<0.0001). Whereas, no significant difference was seen when intergroup comparison was done (p>0.005).
Conclusions: The study concludes that there is significant improvement in the Flexibility, Balance, and Agility after implication of 4 weeks of PNF and Dynamic Stretching in Collegiate Level Badminton players having Hamstring tightness. This evidence substantiates that these exercises do recruit the Hamstring muscles and provides further insight into the role of the Hamstring muscles to keep the body flexible.
A study of drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in pediatric patients
Authors: S. Suwitha , C. F. Beny Margrat , A. Priya , Yadav K. Arun Chander
Published: April 2023

Background: The study aimed to get drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in pediatric patients.
Methods: It was an observational prospective study carried out in pediatric in-patients with a sample size of 280 patients based on inclusion, and exclusion criteria for a period of 6 months. The study data were collected using patient case record and analysis was done.
Results: Out of 280 patients data collected, majority of patients were in the gender male category 168 (60%) and many were from the age group of early childhood (1-5 years) 126 (45%). Respiratory tract infections were the major diagnosis made among the sample size. The drug class commonly prescribed were oral antibiotics 261 (28.38%). The average number of drugs per prescription were 3.28%. Among the total number of prescription percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and antibiotics were 2.7%, 76.07%. Percentage of patients prescribed with injection were 79.28%.
Conclusions: This study highlights WHO prescribing core indicators in evaluating the usage of rational prescription. It helps in reinforcing rational prescribing practices and increases awareness among physicians and medical students. Irrational prescriptions may result in harmful events. A rational prescription should follow the standard treatment guidelines of WHO. The assessment of these indicators can also help us to decrease the cost burden on the patient. Continuous education with focus on rational drug usage and evidence-based medicine can further increase the understanding and improves health care policies.
Brown lines on nails as melanonychia striata: a case report and review
Authors: Irawan Hendry
Published: April 2023

Melanonychia striata is caused by the deposition of melanin as a result of melanocyte hyperplasia or increased melanocyte activity. Melanonychia striata has a similar appearance to a malignant lesion, so a proper diagnosis should be made to ensure appropriate management. A 28-year-old man had complained of black discoloration in the middle of the right toenail since a month ago. Previously, the patient frequently experience pain in the nail and redness at the nail tip. The patient had often worn small-size shoes. Physical examination revealed a line of blackish-brown lesions from the proximal to the distal nail plate, with clear boundaries, yellowish on the distal of the nail, and a sign of subsided inflammation on the edges of the nail. Nail extraction with roserplasty-technique and biopsy was conducted. The histopathological result supported the diagnosis of melanonychia striata. Then, the patient was treated with oral analgesic and antibiotic and discharged with no complications. This melanonychia striata case is accompanied by rapid progression and is most likely due to the proliferation of melanocyte cells. The surgical procedure with a partial or total nail extraction should be considered performed to treat the lesion and collect the sample for further examination. Histological examination is a gold standard to differentiate benign and malignant subungual lesions. Periodic follow-up is also necessary to assess the recurrence and general condition of the patient.
Treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency with rapid expansion of the palate with mini-implant: a review
Authors: Duque-Urióstegui Cristhal , Ramírez Reyes Yocelin , González Rodríguez Magali , López Portillo Fernando , Castañeda Palacios Gabriela , Briseño Flores Carlos , Flores Estrada Rosa , Flores Estrada María del Rocío , Pliego Ana Lilia Abundez , Barrera-Mera Baltazar
Published: April 2023

One of the most prevalent malocclusions is maxillary constriction, which is a narrowing of the upper arch; its etiology is multifactorial, including mainly genetic factors and parafunctional habits. It is characterized by a posterior crossbite that can be unilateral or bilateral, total or partial, and may even not occur in cases with simultaneous constriction of the mandibular arch. Transverse deficiency or maxillary hypoplasia affects facial growth and the integrity of the dentoalveolar structures. Therefore, it must be corrected as soon as it is diagnosed. As the maxilla widens, the midpalatal suture and the intermaxillary suture expand. When they are not fused, it is connective tissue and behaves viscoelastically in response to externally applied forces. In order to effectively treat any dentofacial deformation, an early diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required.
Single purse string suture feeding jejunostomy technique for enteral nutrition following corrosive ingestion
Authors: Baladaniya Shiva , Praveen Sharma  , Anuj Mehta  , Zeel Thakkar  , Raghav Rathi
Published: April 2023

Background: Maintaining nutrition in a corrosive poisoning patient is a challenging job. Despite other methods of enteral nutrition like nasogastric/naso jejunal tube, feeding gastrostomy –jejunostomy tube (JT) is most suitable for patients where esophagus and/or stomach is not available for enteral nutrition like esophageal carcinoma/gastric malignancy/ corrosive stricture esophagus.
Methods: A single institution review of patients who underwent open JT placement between 2019 and 2022 was performed. Retrospectively data collected included demographics, operative technique and clinical outcomes. complications were analyzed postoperative period (<30 days) and in a long-term follow-up (>30 days). The Chi-square test was used to compare.
Results: Operative time to create JT in single purse string is around average 26.96±3.22 minutes compared to double purse string is around 37.4±5.53 minute. During definitive surgery after approximately 6 month of history of corrosive ingestion easier and less time required to separate JT (14.96±3.03 minute) in single purse string compared to double purse string (20.48±3.88 minute) both result is significant. 8% (2 cases) JT site adhesion found in single purse string which is less compared to double purse string 36% (9 cases). Only 1 (4%) patient had JT site compromised bowel present in single purse string which is more in double purse string 10 cases (40%).
Conclusions: The technique described here is safe and simple, and the overall tube-related morbidity is low. This procedure can be recommended in cases at risk for major morbidity and nutrition support needs.
Comparison of the incisions used in neck dissection for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Pasham Pavan Goud , Ananthappan Manoj , Jesudasan James S. , Venkata Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao
Published: April 2023

Oral cancers are a signiﬁcant disease group with more than 404,000 new cases worldwide in 2002. The most common cancer of the oral cavity is the squamous cell carcinoma; constituting 95%. The 5-year survival is around 50%. Surgery can be combined with any combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Spread of the tumour to the cervical nodes is an early and consistent event in the natural history. The extent of cervical involvement is reﬂected in the staging of the tumour and has prognostic implications. Surgical dissection of the cervical lymph nodes at risk of metastasis may be undertaken as part of the management of the primary tumour. This may be accomplished by classic radical neck dissections, supra ohmohyoid neck dissection, selective neck dissection etc.  The aim of the present review is to compare the clinical efficacy, the postoperative complications and the aesthetic outcome of the various incisions used in neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma.  A total of six comparative studies and randomized control studies were included in this systematic review, out of a total of 175 articles yield following the search strategy, from PubMed and Mesh databases. The incisions were compared for access, healing and cosmetic outcome. Trifurcate incisions (‘Y’ incision) were found to have the maximum incidence of wound dehiscence. The apron incision has no reported wound dehiscence and has been described as a robust flap. As far as cosmetics and access as a whole is concerned the reversed hockey stick incision is superior.
Recurrent soft palatal tumour: from pleomorphic adenoma to mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Chandran Sobhashinni , Sallapan Sugunah , Retinasekharan Senthilraj , Sawali Halimmudin , Sai Guan Lum
Published: April 2023

Cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is common among major salivary gland neoplasms, however infrequent cases are reported for this growth over the palatal region. We presented a case of a 50-year-old gentleman whom presented with tumour over soft palate with 3 different histopathological reports. This gentleman had history of excision of right soft palatal mass on his first presentation which was reported as palatal pleomorphic adenoma, he however had tumour recurrence over the same site after 3 years whereby biopsy was read as squamous cell carcinoma. A wide local excision of the tumour was performed and final report was disclosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Post cholecystectomy Mirizzi syndrome: a rare complication of partial cholecystectomy as case report and review of literature
Authors: Sheth Neil , Desai Shivani , Yadav Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Post cholecystectomy Mirizzi syndrome (PCMS) is defined as obstruction of the CHD leading to obstructive jaundice in a patient who has undergone cholecystectomy due to remnant calculus in the cystic duct or due to compression by infundibulum of gall bladder. It is a rare condition with limited cases described in literature. Herein, we describe a case of PCMS due to retained calculus in the cystic duct 12 years after cholecystectomy in a 40 year old male who presented with a 2 month history of pain fever and jaundice recurrently. Patient was diagnosed using MRCP and CT and ERCP was done but the stone could not be retrieved and patient was managed surgically and had a stable and uneventful post-operative course. As per literature reviewed there have been only 65 reported cases of PCMS and thus limited knowledge about the condition is present. Herein, we reviewed the available literature with various possible management techniques and their outcomes and also why surgical line of treatment was chosen in this case with an open approach preferred. PCMS is a rare clinical condition that requires high index of suspicion for diagnosis and can be treated with minimally invasive as well as open approach with good results and resolution of symtptoms of the patient.
Easier way of managing gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor located at unusual site: a case report
Authors: Sunil Bishnoi  , Vandana  , Rahul Pusuluri  , Ashish Garg  , Benazeer Hena Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Intraluminal gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) located at the posterior wall and near the gastroesophageal (GE) junction represent a surgical challenge. We present a easier laparoscopic assisted mini laparotomy approach for resection of gastric GISTs of such location. A 42 years old female presented with history of Malena and anemia. Endoscopic and contrast enhaced computerised tomography (CECT) scan findings were suggestive of GIST arising from posterior wall along lesser curvature in proximal body of stomach. We planned her for surgical resection of tumor. During laparoscopy, posterior wall stomach was completely mobilised after dividing gastrocolic and phrenogastric ligaments. Due to unfavourable location of tumor in posterior wall and proximity to GE junction, accessibility for negative resection margin was difficult, so we did mini laparotomy (approx 5 cm midline incision) and already mobilised stomach is delivered out, wedge resection of tumor done after assuring resection margin with direct palpation. GISTs of the posterior wall and in close proximity to the GE junction can be safely resected with laparoscopic assistance using such an approach. This technique is useful alternative in unavailability of simultaneous laparoscopy with endoscopy as required in laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery in such locations of tumor.
Annular pancreas in elderly male: a case report
Authors: Tapsh Thakur  , Aabha Sharma  , Naqsh Thakur
Published: April 2023

Annular pancreas (AP) is a rare congenital abnormality in which the ventral portion of the pancreas fails to rotate with the duodenum during embryological development, thus causing the ventral portion to remain partially or fully enveloped around the duodenum. The actual incidence of AP is unknown, as many cases are asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Adults with AP may present with a variety of symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction, or may present with gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, or biliary obstruction. Surgery continues to remain the diagnostic “gold standard” for AP, but imaging techniques such as CT, MRCP (Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography), ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and EUS (Endoscopic ultrasound) can now be used to make the diagnosis. We report the case of a 65-year-old gentleman who presents with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction who was diagnosed with AP by CECT (Contrast enhanced computed tomography) and MRCP.
Diagnostic test of multiplex PCR design based on COVID-19 genotype variations in local isolates
Authors: Amazan Hasna Mirda
Published: April 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which is a new strain of the Coronavirus, the primary and probe designs were carried out to find candidate primers and probes to be used as the detection of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to design multiplex PCR on primers and ORF1ab and N gene probes in COVID-19 examination using the multiplex PCR method and it is expected to have good validity in the examination.
Methods: The research design is in the form of explorative descriptive with a cross sectional approach. Starting from April to December 2021. The samples used in this study were 221 COVID-19 gene sequences downloaded from the NCBI and GISAID gene databases.
Results: The design results of the ORF1ab gene primer and probe with forward primer: 5'- CGCAATTTACAACACAGAC -3' reverse primer: 5'- GTTCTTTATGCTAGCCACT -3' amplicon length 183 bp, and probe sequence: FAM 5'-AAACACACAACAGCATCGTCA-3' BHQ-1, on the N gene with forward primer: 5'-AATTCAACTCCAGGCAG -3' and reverse primer: 5'- CTCTCTCAAGCTGGTTCAATC -3' amplicon length 111 bp, and probe sequence: HEX 5'-CAGCAAAGCAAGAGCAGCA-3' BHQ-1 primary pair sequence and ORF1ab gene probe and N gene conjecture qualified for q-PCR.
Conclusions: The obtained primary and probe pair sequences can be used as COVID-19 detection using the multiplex PCR method.
Adoption and standardization of attitude scale for polio framed on oversees population from underdeveloped area of West Bengal
Authors: Sen Gupta Taniya , Malik Atrayee , Ali M. Afsar , Sikdar Deb Prasad
Published: April 2023

Background: Study revealed fear from polio vaccination programme yet not completely has eradicated from the minds of immigrated communities resides in backward areas of Bengal. Due that, pre-established attitude tool was adopted for the formation of new tool for targeted population.
Methods: Interestingly, attitude tool found almost similar result after 5 years of its first administration (on minorities). Foundation of tool was set on 3-point Likert type scaling style. Classical test theory (CTT) was followed in which popularity index and discrimination index were taken for item-analysis for pilot study.
Results: CTT rejects 6 items and test-retest reliability with high r value 0.94 suggests the tool has excellent reliability. Standardized tool finally comes in 31 items with 9 different dimensions.
Conclusions: CTT method as handy method for small sample item-analysis where popularity index and discrimination index used to refine values on which item-total correlation was administered on Pearson’s correlation at 99% confidence interval. Application of the same tool after some years in CTT method in constructing attitude tool have successfully applied.
Trend of mosquito larval indices over a year in a rural area of Thrissur district, Kerala
Authors: Rafi M. Mohamed , Vincent Jose , C. R. Saju , Johny V. Franco
Published: April 2023

Background: Dengue is the most widely distributed viral disease in the world. Outbreak are usually seasonal, peaking during and after rainy seasons. Entomological surveillance is important in determining the factors related to disease transmission in order to prioritize areas and seasons for vector control. The objectives of the study were to determine the larval indices of aedes, assess the seasonal trend in larval indices and determine the major breeding site of Aedes mosquitoes.
Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted over a period of 12 months from January to December in Thrikkur panchayath area. From the total of seventeen wards, 4 wards are randomly selected and from these, 75 houses are randomly selected.
Results: From the surveyed houses 959 wet containers were examined of these 180 were found positive. Wet containers, positive containers and positive houses were more identified during rainy season. The most common site for vector breeding as per the survey was identified to be plastic containers. Aedes was the major species identified. Since the breteau index is between 5 -50, the area studied is considered as moderate risk for epidemics.
Conclusions: Results of the study indicated that the vector indices were more during monsoon period. So, control measures need to be adopted with much vigour even during the pre-monsoon and need to continue during the monsoon season also. Plastic containers were a major source of vector breeding and Aedes was the commonest species identified.
Body image perception and body image satisfaction among female medical students of Mysuru
Authors: M. Rakesh , D. Sunil Kumar , M. R. Mythily , Ravali Annaram , G. Hari Prakash
Published: April 2023

Background: Concerning one's appearance too much can result in sadness, anxiety disorders, disrupted eating habits, and nutritional deficiencies. In India, the idea of body image has received less attention, particularly among young females. The objective of the study is to assess the body image perception and satisfaction among female medical students of Private Medical College, Mysuru.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 female medical students of a Private Medical College in Mysuru using a self-administered questionnaire containing details of sociodemographic information and a validated visual analogue scale. Anthropometric measurements were taken using calibrated instruments. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26. The percentage was calculated for descriptive variables. The chi-square test was applied for analysing categorical variables.
Results: The majority of the participants (37.1%) had a neutral perception regarding their body image followed by 33.8% are satisfied and 24.2% are unsatisfied regarding their body image. Body image perception showed that the majority (52.3%) of them had normal weight. Unhealthy weight-changing patterns like skipping meals (24%), and increasing the quantity and frequency of meals (17%) were reported among study participants.
Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that 37% had a neutral perception and 24% are unsatisfied with their body image. Psychological parameters like feeling anxious, lack of confidence, and attempts to change their body weight are associated with body image perception which may further result in affecting their mental health.
Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age group in urban settings of Sikkim: a cross sectional study
Authors: Konthoujam Bemma , Kar Sumit , Mehta Vijay Kumar , Dutta Sanjiba
Published: April 2023

Background: Alcohol consumption by women of reproductive age group not only affects their health but can also cause multiple adverse birth outcomes. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age group in urban field practice areas of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS) by using a structured questionnaire and WHO tool, AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test).
Methods: The study was a cross sectional study. A total of 284 women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and AUDIT.
Results: The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption was 36.6%. Proportion of alcohol users was more among women of 25-34 years. Almost 95% of the women are current users (alcohol use in past 12 months). Beer was mostly preferred over other types of alcoholic beverages. Social customs (36.5%) and stress (25%) were the main reasons for consumption of alcohol. Based on AUDIT score, low risk drinking 68.6% was the predominant drinking pattern reported. However, one fourth of the women fall into hazardous pattern of drinking and 3 out of every 100 women had harmful and dependent pattern of drinking respectively.
Conclusions: The present study highlights the prevalence of alcohol consumption among women of reproductive age group in urban field practice areas of SMIMS. Socio-cultural factors and stressful life plays an influential role in consumption of alcohol. Although low risk drinking is the predominant pattern of alcohol use, an alarming 31% of women consuming alcohol are at risk of developing alcohol related harm.
Awareness regarding oral health among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a qualitative study
Authors: K. Nivedha , S. Aparna , Madankumar Parangimalai Diwakar
Published: April 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The PCOS primarily affects the reproductive system, with substantial collateral negatively health effects on metabolic, psychologic, and cardiovascular functions. Women with PCOS have increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and this inflammation can lead to several “oral health problems” which are often ignored by patients.  This qualitative study aims to explore the knowledge and the impact of oral health in women with PCOS. An in-depth interview was conducted among women with PCOS (aged between 18-35 years) who were diagnosed based on the Rotterdam’s criteria, within the time period of July 2021 to August 2021.  Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed using the thematic analysis technique with NVIVO 10.0 software (Numerical Analytics Instruments). The analysis of the data helped to extract the main theme of the research as “PCOS impact on oral health” under 3 main category themes and 8 sub-category themes. There is a need for education at the community level to increase general awareness and to understand the condition. Better awareness could also help women to recognise possible symptoms and prompt them to seek help, leading to more timely diagnoses.
A comparative study of outcome of tension band wiring and hook plating in fracture olecranon
Authors: Mahajan Pranav , Khanna Ishan , Kushwah Kundan , Yadav Kanhaiya
Published: April 2023

Background: Olecranon fractures are common upper limb fracture accounting for 40% of the fractures around elbow. Anatomic reduction and restoration of the joint surface is required for good outcome and to prevent post-traumatic arthritis. This study was directed towards the functional results and complications of surgical management of olecranon fracture treated with hook plate fixation and tension band wiring.  
Methods: This prospective comparative study was done at a tertiary care centre from 2019 to 2022. This study consisted of 30 patients of fracture olecranon of which 15 were treated with tension band wiring and 15 with hook plate. All patients were followed up with minimum follow up of six months and evaluated for their functional outcome using Mayo elbow performance score.
Results: In this study, the average age was 34 years in TBW group and 37 years in hook plate group. The mean Mayo elbow performance score after 6 months in TBW group was 88.33 (excellent) and in plate group was 90 (excellent). Superficial infection was present in 2 patients of the TBW group. Elbow stiffness was present in 2 patients of TBW group. Hardware impingement was present in one patient in each of TBW group and plate group.
Conclusions: To achieve early movements and to prevent complications like traumatic arthritis and joint stiffness we need a perfect anatomical reduction in intra-articular fractures of the olecranon.  This study showed no significant difference in functional outcome with both the techniques, but the complications are more with TBW.
A study on the functional and radiological outcome with complications in the management of proximal humerus fractures operated with proximal humerus internal locking osteosynthesis system
Authors: Banerjee Manideep , Biswas Rajeev , Roy Archak
Published: April 2023

Background: A number of opinions exist regarding the management of proximal humerus fractures starting from conservative to tension band-wiring to internal fixation with plates. The aim of this study is to assess the functional outcome, the radiological outcome and the complications associated with the management of proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus interlocking osteosynthesis system (PHILOS).
Methods: A prospective descriptive study was undertaken comprising of 40 patients. Closed proximal humerus fractures meeting Neer’s criteria for operative displacement were enrolled. Patients underwent open reduction internal fixation with PHILOS plate. Post-operative radiological outcome was estimated with follow-up x-rays, functional outcome using the Constant and Murley score.
Results: 60% patients were female, with the most common mode of injury being fall at a ground level. Late complications were noted in 25% of patients, which were malunion 5%, joint stiffness 10%, joint instability 5% and heterotopic ossification 5%. The mean Constant and Murley score was 79.5 and it was found to be statistically significant to the type of fracture according to the Neer’s classification (Kruskal Wallis test, p=0.005). Joint stiffness was also found to be statistically significantly correlated to the type of fracture pattern (Chi square test, p=0.016). The average time to union was 10 weeks.
Conclusions: Thus, by this study it can be expressed due to appropriate articular reduction by open reduction and by the use of a fixed angle implant like the PHILOS plate, operative management of proximal humerus fractures by the said implant is a viable option to enable quick and early rehabilitation of patients.
A case report of open infected clavicle fracture treated with locking compression plate as an external fixator
Authors: Nannaware Mayur S. , Aliasger H. Moaiyadi  , Sahil A. Chhabra  , Kisan R. Patond
Published: April 2023

46 year old male presented to emergency department 8 days after fall from bike sustaining trauma to right shoulder and head. On examination revealed that he had open right clavicle fracture (Gustilo and Anderson grade II). Patient was treated with locking compression plate (LCP) as an external fixator. Postoperative follow up was uneventful with no signs of infection and good functional outcome.
Evaluation of lugol’s iodine as a screening tool for identification of dried saliva stains
Authors: Pandey Neetu , Patil Rajendra , Singh Udita , Singh Himani , Debnath Satarupa , Gahlot Deeksha
Published: April 2023

The evidential value of saliva in stains encountered in crime investigations can be of considerable importance. Whether the stains are a result of expectoration or a consequence of some sexual or violent act resulting in saliva being mixed with other body fluids, the investigating forensic expert is faced with two fundamental problems: localization of stain and visualization of stain. Visualization of saliva is problematic unlike other body fluids like blood which has its own internal marker (i.e., hemoglobin) or semen that can be easily identified by acid phosphatase method.

: Evaluate of lugol’s Iodine as an easy, chair side screening tool for identification of saliva from the crime scene.

In the present study saliva stains on different fabrics viz. silk, polyester, linen, jute, cotton, georgette, sarton and other items like paper cups, chocolate wrapper aluminium, plastic bags, stainless steel spoon (cutlery) were examined using Lugol’s iodine.

Lugol’s Iodine test was found to give Positive results for saliva stains on different fabrics and it was also found that the stains on different fabrics gives positive results for saliva even after washing with water, but none of the fabrics gave positive results for saliva after washing with detergents and alcohol.

From the above study it is concluded that Saliva is retained in fabrics even after washing with water. Detergents fades off the color of stain and alcohol darkens the colour of stain from study items.
Diet, nutrition and oral health
Authors: Kaur Harpuneet
Published: April 2023

Eating habits describe the types and quantities of food that an individual or a group of individuals regularly consumes, as well as how often they drink. Healthy dietary practises have an impact on dental health. The future embryo's development, including the growth of the maxilla, the formation of the skull and face, and dental organogenesis, is impacted by a lack of vitamins and minerals during the preconception period. Understanding how nutrition and eating habits affect both children's and adults' caries rates is necessary to improve oral health. Lack of vitamin A, C, E, and folate all has a detrimental effect on periodontal health. Throughout the early phases of embryonic development, folate is crucial. Oral cancer is most common in people who smoke, chew tobacco, or consume alcohol. Changing one's nutrition can have a significant impact on one's health throughout one's life, both positively and negatively. Food consumption must be improved in order to minimise the incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancer. The primary sources of vitamins and fibre are fruits, vegetables, and grains, thus a daily meal should have an appropriate quantity of each. By giving folate during the first trimester of pregnancy and in the months leading up to conception, the likelihood of nervous system abnormalities is reduced. Chewing gum and other xylitol-containing products have significantly decreased dental cavities, and they provide tempting alternatives for people who are most at risk. The aim of this study is to review the evidence suggesting link between diet, nutrition, and oral health and to provide dietary advice for the prevention of oral diseases.
Evaluation of the frictional resistance between different bracket types, archwires and ligation materials: An in-vitro study
Authors: Wani Mohsin Aslam , Siddiqui Shiraz , Koul Rakesh , Yadav Vijayta , Rozy Firdosh , Battoo Maisa Rasool
Published: April 2023

In orthodontic treatment, brackets need to slide along the archwire to allow for alignment of the teeth. The lesser the friction between the bracket and the archwire, the easier it is to align the teeth and the lighter the forces required to make such movements. In recent years, patients’ esthetic demands have driven the field of orthodontics to find alternatives to conventional stainless steel bracket systems. While ceramic brackets meet the esthetic demands, their inferior frictional characteristics have always been an issue for orthodontists.

The present in-vitro research study evaluates and compares the frictional resistance between various types of brackets, archwire materials and ligation methods. The purpose of the study was to equate the frictional resistance among 12 different groups using the universal testing machine, so as to recognize the factors involved in the in-vitro appraisal of resistance to sliding (RS) and inferring their clinical implications.

In this study, 120 pre-adjusted edgewise upper central incisor brackets with MBT 0.022″ slot were used, which included 40 standard metal brackets, 40 ceramic brackets, 20 self-ligating metal brackets and 20 self-ligating ceramic brackets. 0.019″ x 0.025″ SS (stainless steel) archwires, esthetic archwires, Teflon-coated ligatures and conventional elastic modules to ligate the archwire to the brackets except in self-ligating brackets, were used.

The average frictional resistance of Group A10 was the minimum succeeded by A9, A12, A4, A11, A8, A3, A7, A2, A6, A1 and A5. In the comparison of the mean frictional resistance of 12 different groups, the ANOVA test showed noticeably different frictional resistance amongst the groups (F=745.80, P< 0.001). Self-ligating metal bracket combinations with different archwires showed a signiﬁcantly smaller magnitude of friction than self-ligating ceramic, metal and ceramic bracket combinations. Teflon-coated ligature combinations possess less friction in comparison with conventional elastomeric module combinations.
Efficacy of platysma flap in oral submucous fibrosis: Preliminary study
Authors: Gangwar Shilpi , Kumari Priya , Chaudhary Umesh Chandra
Published: April 2023

: Efficacy of platysma flap in terms of esthetics, function (mouth opening) & postoperative compliance of the patient.

: Eight cases are included, seven men and one women, 40 - 50 years old, after resection of fibrous bands. All of them were reconstructed with a platysmaflap.

No local complications occurred with this technique. Overall aesthetic and functional results were acceptable in all the patients. Of 8 patients, six had no postoperative complications. The remaining two developed venous congestion, with limited skin loss. All flaps remained viable.

The platysma flap is a good method to reconstruct buccal mucosa after resection of bands in oral submucous fibrosis. It is a versatile, portable, and thin flap, is easy to perform with a primary closure of the donor site.
Semantic features of the lexico-semantic group "Fishes" in Russian (in comparison with Czech)
Authors: Talitskaya Anna A. , Berezina Polina S.
Published: April 2023

The article presents comparative characteristics of the semantic features of the lexico-semantic groups «Fishes» in Russian and Czech. It demonstrates there is the archiseme ‘fish’ in the lexico-semantic group «Fishes» in Russian, which can be represented directly or by the hidden form. The archiseme ‘fish’ in Czech is also represented both directly and indirectly. The component analysis of lexemes allowed to identify the differential semes that complement the archiseme and can be combined into groups of classification (parametric) characteristics. The lexico-semantic group «Fishes» describes 9 such characteristics: proximity of origin, geographical habitat, body parts, scope of use, lifestyle features, habitat, colour, size, nutrition. In the lexico-semantic group «Fishes» differential semes are combined into 11 parametric characteristics: proximity of origin, body parts, lifestyle features, geographical habitat, scope of use, habitat, shape, size, nutrition, flavour, colour. The body of fish and its individual parts, in turn, are complemented by differential semes according to various characteristics: shape, colour, size, touch, etc. The article draws conclusions about the specifics of the description of the meaning of lexemes that are included in the lexico-semantic groups «Fishes» in Russian and Czech.
Globalization as a threat to Russia's National Security
Authors: Tsoi Lubov N.
Published: April 2023

The article reveals two methodological approaches to the study of globalization processes - natural and natural-artificial. The essence of the ideology of the Western liberal understanding of globalization in the works of A. A. Zinoviev, which is often overlooked by Russian researchers, is described. The main global problems and risks are listed, contradictions and conflicts between the local and global levels of management and relations are described. Using the example of the collapse of the USSR, it is shown what globalization is on the Western liberal model and what an existential threat it poses to the national security of Russia and to all mankind. It is shown that globalization is a natural-artificial process, and not a natural one, which Western researchers convince, in the interests of the collective West, reducing the will to resist destructive tendencies. The essence of the conflict between the global and local levels is revealed, as well as the immoral and immoral aspect of globalization. The statistical data specifically shows WHAT the Russian people lost after the collapse of the USSR, in connection with the processes of globalization at the macro and micro levels. The strategic path of Russia's development in the context of global and national security is shown, new tasks for the humanities in a long evolutionary war are formulated.
Russian-Turkish marriages in the context of the formation of a new world order: research methodology
Authors: Kuchmaeva Oksana V. , Rostovskaya Tamara K.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study is to form a methodology for conducting a sociological survey of representatives of different generations (age groups) of residents of Russia and Turkey in order to analyze their perception of Russian-Turkish marriages, the specifics of the functioning of cross-cultural marriages in the conditions of the formation of a new world order. Russia and Turkey are characterized by large-scale economic and political ties, tourist activity, and the implementation of cultural projects. Countries are in search of an effective model of demographic policy. A characteristic feature of the socio-demographic relations between Turkey and Russia is the increase in the number of cross-cultural marriages. However, there are no reliable estimates of this phenomenon, which affects the level of marriage and fertility in Turkey and Russia, based on data from representative studies. The paper substantiates the necessity and forms the scientific and practical basis for the study of cross-cultural marriages on the basis of generalization and consolidation of the efforts of scientists and practitioners of the two countries (Russia and Turkey). The main indicators and the structure of the toolkit are proposed, an approach to the formation of a sample population is formulated. The results of the study will make it possible to develop a set of measures and recommendations in the field of national family and demographic policy, including support for the institution of cross-cultural marriage.
Potencialidades e desafios da formação em programas de residência em saúde mental realizados integralmente em serviços abertos e de base comunitária
Authors: Lima Isabella Cristina Barral Faria , Barboza Maria Aline Gomes , Passos Izabel Christina Friche
Published: April 2023

A residência multiprofissional em saúde é considerada uma modalidade de formação estratégica para a qualificação de profissionais no campo da saúde coletiva e um espaço privilegiado de formação para o trabalho no Sistema Único de Saúde. No campo da saúde mental, é tida como uma aposta para o fortalecimento das práticas na perspectiva da atenção psicossocial, sobretudo quando não utiliza o hospital psiquiátrico como cenário de formação. Neste artigo, é discutida a formação para o trabalho em saúde mental a partir da percepção de ex-residentes de dois programas de residência em saúde mental realizados integralmente em serviços abertos e de base comunitária das redes de atenção psicossocial de dois municípios da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com oito ex-residentes de diferentes categorias profissionais, que concluíram a formação entre os anos de 2012 e 2016. À luz das produções do campo da atenção psicossocial, as informações que emergiram foram analisadas em três grandes temas: formação em e na rede; suporte teórico-metodológico para o percurso formativo; e efeitos nas subjetividades e trajetórias dos entrevistados. Constata-se que os espaços mais potentes da atenção psicossocial são também os espaços mais potentes para a formação em saúde mental.
Building and dismantling organisational capacity and bureaucratic identity: an analysis of Ibama’s civil service examinations (1989 – 2022)
Authors: Moulin Carolina Stange Azevedo
Published: April 2023

This article investigates how the recruitment procedures for the selection of environmental inspectors in Ibama, Brazil’s leading federal environmental agency, have varied since the institution’s creation in 1989 until 2022. To explain the identified changes, the study considers the organisation’s accumulated experience and political context. It draws on 44 semi-structured interviews and analyses the content of all five examination booklets (caderno de questões) and their corresponding calls (editais) for the position of environmental analyst organised during Ibama’s history, with a focus on the subtopic “Regulation, Control, and Environmental Inspection”. For interpreting this data, I mainly used qualitative content analysis. I coded the data based on the following categories: eligibility requirements, regional allocation criteria, programmatic content, general structure of the exam, individual motivation to become an Ibama servant, impact of public exams on inspection activities, and impact of the political context on inspection activities. Exam booklets went through an additional quantitative analysis on the number of references to “deforestation”, “Amazon”, and “inspection”. My findings suggest that Ibama’s examinations between 2002 and 2013 reflect an incremental process of specialisation and technicalisation. This process enhanced the agency’s capacity to inspect deforestation and strengthened its identity around the ideal of environmental stewardship. In an attempt to fracture Ibama’s capacity and identity, the 2021 examination prompted a deliberate shift in selected candidates’ profiles.