bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de microminerais sob a forma de complexo orgânico em rações para frangas de reposição no período de 7 a 12 semanas de idade
Authors: Brito Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de , Bertechini Antônio Gilberto , Fassani Édison José , Rodrigues Paulo Borges , Freitas Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de
Published: October 2006

O experimento foi realizado objetivando-se estudar a utilização dos microminerais na forma de complexo orgânico em rações para frangas no período de 7 a 12 semanas de idade e sua influência no desempenho e nas características ósseas. Os tratamentos consistiram da suplementação dos microminerais nas formas inorgânica (tratamento controle) e orgânica com inclusão de 0,4% na ração, que corresponde aos níveis suplementares de 60, 80, 70, 10, 1 e 0,3 ppm de Zn, Fe, Mg, Cu, I e Se, respectivamente, e na redução dos níveis de inclusão da fonte orgânica nas rações (0,35; 0,3; 0,25 e 0,2%). Seiscentos e quarenta e oito frangas Lohmann - LSL, iniciando a 7ª semana de idade, foram utilizadas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e 18 aves por parcela. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para características de desempenho e uniformidade até a 12ª semana. Com a redução nos níveis de inclusão do suplemento orgânico, houve redução linear do teor de cinzas na tíbia das frangas na 12ª semana, porém, não houve diferenças entre a fonte inorgânica (tratamento controle) e os demais tratamentos (fonte orgânica). O teor de Zn em tíbias, assim como o peso, o comprimento, a espessura da tíbia e do fêmur e o comprimento do metatarso, não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos na 12ª semana. A fonte orgânica dos microminerais apresentou vantagem comparativa, possibilitando a redução no nível de inclusão da fonte orgânica para 0,2% na ração, sem afetar negativamente as características estudadas no período de 7 a 12 semanas de idade das frangas.
Efeito da composição do farelo de soja sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo de frangos de corte
Authors: Gerber Luiz Fernando Pigatto , Penz Júnior Antônio Mário , Ribeiro Andréa Machado Leal
Published: October 2006

Foi estudado o efeito do teor de PB (44, 46 e 48%) do farelo de soja (FS) utilizado na composição das rações sobre o desempenho, o metabolismo e a micrometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Os três FS foram obtidos de um mesmo FS, com 48,4% PB, adicionado de níveis crescentes de casca de soja desativada. Foram utilizadas 312 aves, distribuídas em três tratamentos, com oito repetições. As rações formuladas para as três fases de crescimento (1 a 7, 8 a 21 e 22 a 42 dias) foram isocalóricas e isoprotéicas. Na fase de 1 a 7 dias, as aves dos três tratamentos não diferiram entre si quanto ao desempenho. No entanto, do 8º ao 21º dia, aquelas alimentadas com ração FS48% apresentaram melhor ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA). A ração com FS48%, na fase de 1 a 21 dias, promoveu maiores peso corporal e GP e melhor CA que aquela com FS44%. Na fase de 22 a 42 dias, as aves submetidas aos tratamentos tiveram desempenhos semelhantes. Para os dados de metabolismo, nos dois períodos de coleta de excretas (3 a 7 e 39 a 42 dias de idade), a dieta com FS48% proporcionou o mais alto coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da EB e da MS, quando comparada à dieta contendo FS44%. A altura das vilosidades, a profundidade das criptas e o número de vilos na alça duodenal não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.
Avaliação nutricional da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo de alto ou de baixo conteúdo de taninos para leitões na fase de creche
Authors: Patricio Valquiria Mayumi Ishida , Furlan Antonio Claudio , Moreira Ivan , Martins Elias Nunes , Jobim Clóves Cabreira , Costa Ciniro
Published: October 2006

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo (SGUS) de alto ou baixo conteúdo de tanino na alimentação de leitões na fase de creche. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 12 suínos mestiços, machos castrados (peso inicial de 15,9±1,9 kg), alojados em gaiolas para estudos de metabolismo, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em que a unidade experimental foi constituída por um leitão. O método utilizado foi o de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os valores de MS, proteína, amido, MO e energia digestíveis e os de EM, na matéria natural (68,75% de MS), foram, respectivamente, 43,94; 5,45; 46,67; 63,46%; 2.700 e 2.674 kcal/kg para a SGUS de alto teor de tanino e 40,72; 5,92; 44,08; 63,75%; 2.641 e 2.608 kcal/kg, para SGUS de baixo conteúdo de tanino. O segundo experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o desempenho de leitões e a viabilidade econômica da utilização de rações com diferentes níveis de substituição do milho seco por SGUS de alto ou baixo teor de tanino. Foram utilizados 56 suínos mestiços (14,7±1,9 e 29,2±3,0 kg de pesos inicial e final) distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja e de outras seis com 33, 66 e 100% de substituição do milho seco por SGUS de alto ou baixo conteúdo de taninos, com base nos valores de energia digestível (ED) desses ingredientes. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho dos animais entre os tratamentos, entretanto, houve aumento linear no consumo diário de ração para a SGUS de baixo teor de tanino e redução linear para o custo da ração por quilograma de peso vivo ganho para a SGUS de alto teor de tanino.
Desempenho de vacas Jersey suplementadas com diferentes fontes lipídicas na fase inicial da lactação
Authors: Nörnberg José Laerte , López Jorge , Stumpf Júnior Waldyr , Costa Patricia Barcellos , Schafhäuser Júnior Jorge
Published: October 2006

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão de três fontes lipídicas (6% de EE total) em dietas com teores semelhantes de proteína, fibra e lipídios sobre o consumo voluntário, a produção de leite e a eficiência alimentar de vacas Jersey na fase inicial da lactação. Foram utilizadas oito vacas multíparas em estágio próximo ao pico de lactação, com 420 kg de PV e produção média de 20 kg de leite (corrigida para 3,5% de gordura), estabuladas em baias individuais. Os tratamentos foram avaliados em dois quadrados latinos (4 x 4) com períodos de 28 dias, conforme descritos a seguir: CON - dieta controle, sem inclusão de lipídios; GPC - dieta com gordura protegida comercial (sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos de óleo de palma); FAIO - dieta com farelo de arroz integral e óleo de arroz; FAIS - dieta com farelo de arroz integral e sebo bovino. Utilizaram-se concentrados à base de grãos de milho moídos e farelo de soja e, como volumosos, silagem de milho e feno de alfafa (1:1, na MS). Os concentrados foram fornecidos três vezes ao dia, separadamente dos volumosos. Os volumosos foram fornecidos à vontade, procurando-se manter a proporção de 55% em relação ao concentrado. A interpretação estatística foi feita por meio de análise de variância dos valores médios de cada tratamento aplicando-se o teste F. Os resultados comprovaram que as fontes lipídicas estudadas não afetam o consumo voluntário de MS e proporcionam maior produção de leite, de modo que a fonte de sais cálcicos de ácidos graxos de óleo de palma promoveu, também, maior produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura e melhorou a eficiência alimentar.
Digestibilidade de dietas contendo resíduo úmido de mandioca em substituição ao milho para tourinhos em terminação
Authors: Abrahão José Jorge dos Santos , Prado Ivanor Nunes do , Perotto Daniel , Zeoula Lúcia Maria , Lançanova José Antônio Cogo , Lugão Simony Marta Bernardo
Published: October 2006

Avaliou-se a influência da substituição do milho pelo resíduo úmido de mandioca nos coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e na porcentagem de NDT e EM (em Mcal/kg) de dietas para tourinhos em terminação. Foram utilizados 20 animais cruzados (½ e ¾ Europeu x Zebu) com 24 meses de idade e peso médio de 532 kg, provenientes de um ensaio de desempenho com as mesmas dietas deste ensaio, distribuídos em delineamento completamente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco dietas contendo silagem de sorgo como volumoso e 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% de resíduo de mandioca em substituição ao milho do concentrado. As dietas não diferiram significativamente quanto aos coeficientes de digestibilidade (MS = 65,42%, PB = 68,30%; EE = 67,72%, FDN = 49,58%, FDA = 50,71%, CNF = 81,79%) e aos teores de NDT = 65,47% e EM = 2,36 Mcal/kg. Somente o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos CHO diferiu entre as dietas (Y= -0,0684N + 0,0015N² + 63,756; R² = 0,9122). A utilização do resíduo de mandioca em substituição ao milho, à exceção dos CHO, não alterou os coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes estudados.
Qualidade e valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu (B. brizantha cv. Marandu) produzidas com aditivos ou forragem emurchecida
Authors: Bergamaschine Antonio Fernando , Passipiéri Milton , Veriano Filho Walter Valério , Isepon Olair José , Correa Luciano de Almeida
Published: October 2006

Avaliaram-se a qualidade e o valor nutritivo de silagens de capim-marandu produzidas com polpa cítrica (PC) peletizada, com aditivo enzimático-bacteriano (ABE) ou com forragem emuchercida (E): T1 - forragem sem tratamento (controle); T2 - 10% de polpa cítrica peletizada (PC); T3 - aditivo enzimático bacteriano (AEB - SIL-ALL-C4 da Alltech), à base de 5 g/L de água/t de forragem; T4 - forragem picada grosseiramente emurchecida por 4 horas ao sol. O capim foi colhido aos 60 dias de rebrota (24% MS). Para avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade das silagens, foram utilizados 16 novilhos mestiços com 200 kg de PV, que receberam, além das silagens, 1,0 kg de concentrado/animal/dia. O AEB não afetou a composição da silagem, mas a PC e o E aumentaram o teor de MS de 24% para 31 e 48%, respectivamente, e reduziram o pH e os teores de N-NH3 das silagens, que foram, respectivamente, de 4,17 e 4,58 e 6,78 e 7,99% NT. A PC diminuiu os teores de FDN e FDA em 12 e 4 unidades percentuais. O consumo de MS da silagem produzida com capim emurchecido foi superior (111,8 g MS/PV0,75) ao das silagens controle ou com AEB, mas não diferiu do obtido para a silagem com PC, que também não diferiu das demais. Os tratamentos não afetaram a digestibilidade, cujas médias para MS, PB, CT, FDN, FDA e NDT foram 67,0; 65,4; 68,8; 63,0; 62,5; e 65,6%, respectivamente. A PC e o E reduziram a proteólise e estimularam o consumo. A PC, o E e o AEB não melhoraram o valor nutritivo da silagem de capim-marandu colhido com 24% MS.
Inclusão de fontes de óleo na dieta de cabras em lactação: produção, composição e perfil dos ácidos graxos do leite
Authors: Maia Fábio José , Branco Antonio Ferriani , Mouro Gisele Fernanda , Coneglian Sabrina Marcantonio , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos , Minella Tathiane Fernanda , Guimarães Kátia Cylene
Published: October 2006

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de fontes de óleo na dieta de cabras em lactação sobre a produção, a composição e o perfil dos ácidos graxos da gordura do leite. Foram utilizadas quatro cabras da raça Saanen (54±1,02 kg PV) aos 80 dias em lactação, canuladas no rúmen. Os tratamentos consistiram de dietas suplementadas com diferentes fontes de óleo (canola, arroz e soja) e de uma dieta controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4 e os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o procedimento MIXED do SAS (2001). As diferenças entre as médias dos tratamentos foram determinadas por contrastes ortogonais, a 10% de significância. A produção e composição do leite, à exceção do percentual de sólidos totais, não foram influenciadas pela suplementação lipídica na dieta. A utilização de óleos vegetais aumentou as concentrações de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA), 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2, na gordura do leite. Constatou-se diminuição das concentrações de ácidos graxos saturados (AGS) e de cadeias curta (AGCC) e média (AGCM). Houve aumento das concentrações de ácidos graxos mono (AGMS) e poliinsaturados (AGPI), de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, de ômega-3 e 6 e da relação AGPI/AGS. A inclusão do óleo de soja na dieta, em comparação à suplementação com óleo de canola, resultou em maior concentração de AGPI e n-6, em maior relação de AGPI/AGS e n-6/n-3 e menor de 22:6n-4 no leite. O enriquecimento de dietas para cabras com óleos vegetais melhorou a qualidade do leite elevando a concentração de ácidos graxos desejáveis.
Anticariogenic potencial of acidulate solutions with low fluoride concentration
Authors: Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Tiano Gilberto Carlos , Alves Karina Mirela Ribeiro Pinto , Cunha Robson Frederico
Published: October 2006

OBJETIVES: The aim of this study was to verify the anticariogenic effect of acidulate solutions with low NaF concentration, using pH-cycling model and bovine enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enamel blocks were submitted to the surface microhardness (SMH) test and randomly divided in 12 experimental and one placebo groups. The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 7 days, with daily applications once/day of 0.05% NaF and 0.1% NaF and twice/day of 0.02% NaF solutions. Four different pH: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 were used. Next, SMH test was again used to determine the surface microhardness percentage change (%SMH). Data obtained for %SMH were homogeneous and passed through variance analyses and Tukey's test (5%) as far as fluoride concentrations and pH. RESULTS:The results showed that pH influenced %SMH in 0.02% NaF and 0.05% NaF solutions with pH 4.0, which had less mineral loss compared to pH 7.0 (p<0.05). The 0.02% NaF - pH 4.0, and 0.05% NaF - pH 7.0 groups showed similar results (p>0.05). A dose-response relationship was observed among the tested solutions, with better anticariogenic effect for the 0.1% NaF solution. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the addition of citric acid to acidulate mouth rinses reduce mineral loss.
Evaluation of glass ionomer sealants placed according to the ART approach in a community with high caries experience: 1-year follow-up
Authors: Vieira Ana Luiza Falavinha , Zanella Nildiceli Leite Melo , Bresciani Eduardo , Barata Terezinha de Jesus Esteves , Silva Salete Moura Bonifácio da , Machado Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima
Published: October 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the retention rates and effect on occlusal caries incidence of two glass ionomers used as sealants, placed according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach, in a high caries-risk community. A total of 150 newly erupted first molars of 42 schoolchildren, between 6-8 years of age were selected. The teeth were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 76 teeth were sealed using Vidrion R-SS White (conventional GIC) and in the control group, 74 teeth were sealed using ChemFlex-Dentsply (high-viscosity conventional GIC). The sealants were applied by one operator following the "press finger technique", described in the ART-WHO manual. Two calibrated independent examiners carried out the evaluation according to the ART criteria. The intra and inter-examiner agreements were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests (p<0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, 136 (90.7%) sealants were evaluated. In the control group: 28 (41.8%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (56.7%) completely lost, and 1 (1.5%) was replaced by another treatment. In the experimental group, 30 (43.5%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (55.1%) were clinically scored as complete loss and 1 (1.4%) were replaced by another treatment. Seven sealants in both groups were not evaluated. Secondary caries was not observed in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the retention (p=0.49) and effect on caries incidence rates for both groups (p=0.84). The clinical performance of the glass ionomer sealants of both groups was considered satisfactory with a high success rate (98.5%). Although the sealants placed according to the ART approach showed retention rates lower than 50% after 1 year in newly erupted first molars, this approach seems to be appropriate for communities with high caries experience.
Atorvastatin Effect on Circulating and Leukocyte‐Produced CD40 Ligand Concentrations in People with Normal Cholesterol Levels: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zineh Issam , Welder Gregory J. , DeBella Amy E. , Arant Christopher B. , Wessel Timothy R. , Schofield Richard S.
Published: October 2006

Study Objectives. To investigate whether atorvastatin decreases serum or leukocyte‐produced CD40 ligand (CD40L) levels and whether these effects are dependent on reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in people without overt dyslipidemia.

Design. Prospective pilot study.

Setting. University research center.

Subjects. Twenty‐five normocholesterolemic volunteers (mean age 32 ± 11 yrs; 15 women, 10 men) without cardiovascular disease.

Intervention. After a 2‐week drug‐free run‐in period, subjects received atorvastatin 80 mg/day orally for 16 weeks.

Measurements and Main Results. All lipoprotein level measurements were performed with the subject in the fasting state. The CD40L concentrations were measured by immunofluorescence detection in serum and leukocyte culture supernates after 24‐hour incubation, and treatment effect was analyzed. Baseline mean ± SD total cholesterol, LDL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were 179 ± 33, 97 ± 29, 62 ± 20, and 102 ± 69 mg/dl, respectively. Mean changes in each of these levels, respectively, after 16 weeks of atorvastatin were −34%, −59%, +3%, and −23%. The median serum CD40L level was lower at 16 weeks (2.3 ng/ml, interquartile range [IQR] 1.2–5.0 ng/ml) than at baseline (3.0 ng/ml, IQR 2.1–3.7 ng/ml), but the change was not significant (p=0.24). However, atorvastatin significantly lowered CD40L produced from leukocytes by 57% (21 pg/mg of protein [IQR 10–38 pg/mg] vs 49 pg/mg [IQR 21–149 pg/mg], p=0.045). Effects were independent of reduction in cholesterol levels.

Conclusion. Although atorvastatin did not significantly lower serum CD40L levels, significant reduction in leukocyte production was seen independent of degree of LDL reduction. These pilot data suggest a potential benefit in normocholesterolemic individuals that should be further investigated, and that leukocyte CD40L concentrations should be considered in the drug response.
Management of Antiplatelet Therapy for Minimization of Bleeding Risk Before Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Weant Kyle A. , Flynn Jeremy F. , Akers Wendell S.
Published: October 2006

Antiplatelet therapy is commonly administered for primary and secondary prevention of stroke, recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, and death in patients with cardiovascular disorders. It also is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. We describe the management of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In addition, we provide basic information about the mechanisms of action by which the most common antiplatelet agents inhibit platelet function. This information is integrated with results from pharmacologic studies and clinical trials. Determining the net effect in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery requires knowledge about the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy of each drug, and an estimation of the absolute thrombotic versus hemorrhagic risk for each patient.
Scaled quantum chemical studies of the structural and vibrational spectra of acetyl coumarin
Authors: Bahgat Khaled
Published: October 2006

The solid phase FT-IR and FR-Raman spectra of acetyl coumarin have been recorded in the regions 4000–50 cm−1. The spectra were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate analysis following full structure optimization and force field calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) at 6–31G* and 6–311++G** basis sets. The resulting force fields were transformed to internal coordinates, the calculated vibrational frequencies and normal modes were utilized in the assignment of the observed vibrational fundamentals. The measured spectral data were used to refine the vibrational force constants by means of a small number of scaling factors.
Cancer cells forgo translating mRNA transcribed from genes of nonspecialized tasks
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Pham Trang Minh , Kim Hyun Joon , Kim Deok Ryong
Published: March 2024

The coupling of transcription and translation enables prokaryotes to regulate mRNA stability and reduce nonfunctional transcripts. Eukaryotes evolved other means to perform these functions. Here, we quantify the disparity between gene expression and protein levels and attempt to explain its origins. We collected publicly available simultaneous measurements of gene expression, protein level, division rate, and growth inhibition of breast cancer cells under drug perturbation. We used the cell lines as entities with shared origin, different evolutionary trajectories, and cancer hallmarks to define tasks subject to specializing and trading‐off. We observed varying average mRNA and protein correlation across cell lines, and it was consistently higher for the gene products in the cancer hallmarks. The enrichment of hallmark gene products signifies the resources invested in it as a task. Enrichment based on mRNA or protein abundance corresponds to the relative resources dedicated to transcription and translation. The differences in gene‐ and protein‐based enrichment correlated with nominal division rates but not growth inhibition under drug perturbations. Comparing the range of enrichment scores of the hallmarks within each cell signifies the resources dedicated to each. Cells appear to have a wider range of enrichment in protein synthesis relative to gene transcription. The difference and range of enrichment of the hallmark genes and proteins correlated with cell division and inhibition in response to drug treatments. We posit that cancer cells may express the genes coding for seemingly nonspecialized tasks but do not translate them to the corresponding proteins. This trade‐off may cost the cells under normal conditions but confer benefits during stress.
Enhanced Resolution, Throughput, and Stability of Aerosol Jet Printing via In Line Heating
Authors: Guyll Bella I. , Petersen Logan D. , Pint Cary L. , Secor Ethan B.
Published: March 2024

Aerosol jet printing offers high resolution, broad materials compatibility, and digital patterning for flexible, conformal, and hybrid electronics. However, limited throughput, instability, and complex optimization requirements inhibit translation to industrial applications. An in‐line heater integrated on a custom printer is demonstrated to modulate droplet evaporation in the aerosol phase, thereby decoupling the deposition rate of functional solids and liquid ink to enable taller, narrower features with aspect ratios reaching 0.29 for a single line. Heating the printhead from room temperature to 80 °C reduced the sensitivity of resolution to deposition rate by ≈90%, improving reliability. With this strategy, increasing the linear deposition rate by 10x results in a modest increase of 27% in line width, compared to a four‐fold increase without heating, permitting higher throughput without sacrificing print quality. Providing a control for in‐line drying independent of ink formulation enables rapid, straightforward design of new materials and processes. This ability to engineer drying of droplets prior to impingement provides a versatile tool to meet complex fabrication challenges, as demonstrated here for both high aspect ratio printing and conformal patterning on rough and three‐dimensional surfaces.
DBU‐Promoted [3+2] Cyclization/Retro‐Mannich Cascade Reaction of N‐Aminoisoquinolinium and N‐Aminoquinolinium Derivatives with para‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Ma Shaohong , Chen Mingyang , Yang Zifeng , Liu Xiang , Cao Hua
Published: March 2024

A DBU‐promoted [3+2] cyclization/retro‐Mannich cascade reaction of N‐aminoisoquinolinium and N‐aminoquinolinium derivatives with para‐quinone methides has been established, employing a C=C double bond cleavage. A broad range of N‐aminoquinolinium salts, N‐aminoisoquinolinium salts, and para‐quinone methides are well tolerated, providing the corresponding rearrangement products. Moreover, scaled‐up reactions and diverse derivatizations of the products were also investigated and discussed.
The impact of the agricultural digital economy on China's agricultural export growth: Examining mechanisms from supply‐ and demand‐side path perspectives
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Dong Yinguo , Zhou Hui
Published: March 2024

The deep integration of the agricultural digital economy and foreign trade is an important driving force for promoting high–quality economic development. Based on a theoretical analysis of the impact mechanisms of the agricultural digital economy on agricultural exports, this study empirically examines the impact and mechanism of the agricultural digital economy on agricultural exports using Chinese agricultural export data from 2011 to 2016. The relevant findings are threefold. (1) The agricultural digital economy significantly enhances the growth of China's agricultural exports, and the result remains robust after a series of robustness tests. (2) The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the agricultural digital economy has a greater role in promoting exports from quality frontier firms, primary agricultural products and exports to developed countries. (3) The mechanism analysis demonstrates that the agricultural digital economy promotes exports of agricultural products on the supply side most strongly through quality–enhancing and the information cost effects, improving product quality and reducing information expenditure to achieve export growth. On the demand side, domestic demand traction and external–demand creation effects exert a local market effect and stimulate import market demand to promote export growth. [EconLit Citations: F746.12].
Automatic Holonomic Mobile Micromanipulator for Submillimeter Objects Inspired by the Rhinoceros Beetle
Authors: Suzuki Masaki , Iida Yohei , Tsukui Yohei , Kusama Hazumu , Kinoshita Ryosuke , Kusui Eiji , Sunohara Yuta , Minegishi Rintaro , Sugiyama Yuna , Nishimura Yuko , Sekine Chihiro , Fuchiwaki Ohmi
Published: March 2024

Holonomic mobile micromanipulators driven by piezoelectric actuators offer precision and compact design. However, attaining both high speed and positioning repeatability with sufficient load capacity poses challenges, given that lightweight robots are susceptible to nonuniform driving surfaces and external forces. A holonomic beetle (HB) is proposed to realize a wide range, compact size, precise holonomic motion, automatic micromanipulation, and high‐speed movement simultaneously. Inspired by the biological makeup of a Rhinoceros Beetle, a length, weight, and load capacity of 8 cm, 74 g, and of 2000 g, respectively, are used. The HB is a two‐legged robot with a pseudoalternating tripod gait locomotion principle, with five piezoelectric actuators for XYθ displacement and switching of the contact leg. It achieves maximum walking velocities of 11.6 mm s−1 for translational motion and 19.3 deg s−1 for rotation, with a displacement resolution of 12 nm. Notably, under open‐loop control, the HB demonstrates high repeatability with a coefficient of variation of 0.3%. It exhibits the capability to climb 30°‐inclined surfaces, traverse flat surfaces with 0.1 mm bumps, and navigate 30 mm pits. Furthermore, the HB showcases practical automatic micromanipulation through visual servo control and machine learning, presenting potential applications in biomedical and microassembly fields.
Transformational narrative changes as a community‐level approach to the prevention of adverse childhood experiences and substance use
Authors: Harper Christopher R. , Treves‐Kagan Sarah
Published: March 2024

There is increasing scientific evidence linking substance use, childhood adversity, and social determinants of health. However, little research has considered the evaluation of community‐level strategies to reduce substance use by increasing awareness and implementation of evidence‐based strategies for preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This article lays out the conceptual framework for a $2.9 million demonstration project designed to raise awareness of the impact of ACEs on substance use, including primary prevention strategies. Communities used transformational narrative change—with an emphasis on the voices of those most impacted by ACEs and substance use—to highlight the importance of addressing social determinants of health along with primary prevention strategies. The conceptual background highlighted in this article informed media, public health, and local efforts in the three accompanying articles and invited commentary. These findings may help inform future efforts to promote community‐level strategies and strengthen the evidence‐base for transformational narrative change efforts.
Chiral Canoe‐Like Pd0 or Pt0 Alloyed Copper Alkynyl Nanoclusters Display Near‐Infrared Luminescence
Authors: Fang Jun‐Jie , Liu Zheng , Wang Zhi‐Yi , Xie Yun‐Peng , Lu Xing
Published: March 2024

Alloying nanoclusters (NCs) has emerged as a widely explored and versatile strategy for tailoring tunable properties, facilitating in‐depth atomic‐level investigations of structure‐property correlations. In this study, we have successfully synthesized six atomically precise copper NCs alloyed with Group 10 metals (Pd or Pt). Notably, the Pd0 or Pt0 atom situated at the center of the distorted hexagonal antiprism Pd0/Pt0@Cu12 cage, coordinated with twelve Cu+ and two tBuC≡C− ligands. Moreover, ligand exchange strategies demonstrated the potential for Cl− and Br− to replace one or two alkynyl ligands positioned at the top or side of the NCs. The chirality exhibited by these racemic NCs is primarily attributed to the involvement of halogens and a chiral (Pd/Pt)@Cu18 skeleton. Furthermore, all the NCs exhibit near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence, characterized by emission peaks at 705–755 nm, lifetimes ranging from 6.630 to 9.662 μs, and absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 1.75 %–2.52 % in their crystalline state. The experimental optical properties of these NCs are found to be in excellent agreement with the results of theoretical calculations. These alloy NCs not only offer valuable insights into the synthesis of Pd0/Pt0‐Cu alloy NCs, but also bridge the gap in understanding the structure‐luminescence relationships of Pd0/Pt0‐Cu molecules.
Dynamic Molecular Interphases Regulated by Trace Dual Electrolyte Additives for Ultralong‐Lifespan and Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Chen Hong‐Bo , Meng Huan , Zhang Tong‐Rui , Ran Qing , Liu Jie , Shi Hang , Han Gao‐Feng , Wang Tong‐Hui , Wen Zi , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing
Published: March 2024

Metallic zinc is a promising anode material for rechargeable aqueous multivalent metal‐ion batteries due to its high capacity and low cost. However, the practical use is always beset by severe dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions occurring at anode/electrolyte interface. Here we demonstrate dynamic molecular interphases caused by trace dual electrolyte additives of D‐mannose and sodium lignosulfonate for ultralong‐lifespan and dendrite‐free zinc anode. Triggered by plating and stripping electric fields, the D‐mannose and lignosulfonate species are alternately and reversibly (de‐)adsorbed on Zn metal, respectively, to accelerate Zn2+ transportation for uniform Zn nucleation and deposition and inhibit side reactions for high Coulombic efficiency. As a result, Zn anode in such dual‐additive electrolyte exhibits highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn stripping/plating behaviors for >6400 hours at 1 mA cm−2, which enables long‐term cycling stability of Zn||ZnxMnO2 full cell for more than 2000 cycles.
More than just Alkene Construction – Re‐Using Wittig Reactions/Reagents in Biomacromolecular Labeling, Imaging, Sequencing and Modification
Authors: He Yin‐Ming , Cheng Liang
Published: March 2024

Classical organic chemical reactions are essential for modern synthetic chemistry and offer valuable insights for chemical biology research. The pioneering bioorthogonal chemistry, based on the Staudinger reaction, is a prime example. However, the biocompatibility of classic “name” reactions like the Wittig reaction is still not fully explored. This versatile reaction efficiently converts carbonyl groups into olefins using phosphorus ylides, making it valuable in synthetic chemistry. Despite being in the early stages of development, the Wittig reaction and its reagents have various applications in peptide, protein, DNA, and RNA research. However, they have limitations such as low activity and efficiency, requiring organic solvents. Future directions may include developing Wittig reagents with improved biostability, simplifying the method, and creating multi‐labeling methods. Improving light‐activated Wittig reactions and interdisciplinary integration can further advance bioorthogonal chemistry. As technology advances, the Wittig reaction is poised to make greater contributions to molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemical modification research.
Synthesis and tensile properties of biomass‐based cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene using erythritol‐derived 1,3‐butadiene as a monomer
Authors: Toda Tomoyuki , Sasakawa Yuhi , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Yamaguchi Kosuke , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Nishii Kei , Nakamura Yo
Published: March 2024

Transition metal–catalyzed polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene obtained from the erythritol, a kind of biomass product, was investigated to evaluate the effect of byproducts in the synthesis of 1,3‐butadiene from erythritol. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography results show that cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene can be selectively obtained using biomass 1,3‐butadiene model gas, which contains 1‐butene, cis‐2‐butene, and trans‐2‐butene, or erythritol‐derived 1,3‐butadiene, and no effect of butenes on the conversion rate or the microstructure of the resulting polymer was observed compared with using naphtha‐derived 1,3‐butadiene. The vulcanizate of the cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene obtained using 1,3‐butadiene having a biomass model gas containing butenes has mechanical properties equivalent to those of naphtha‐derived polybutadiene in tensile tests. This demonstrates that erythritol can be used as a new raw material for cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene.
Data‐centric species distribution modeling: Impacts of modeler decisions in a case study of invasive European frog‐bit
Authors: Hansen Sara E. , Monfils Michael J. , Hackett Rachel A. , Goebel Ryan T. , Monfils Anna K.
Published: March 2024

Premise

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely utilized to guide conservation decisions. The complexity of available data and SDM methodologies necessitates considerations of how data are chosen and processed for modeling to enhance model accuracy and support biological interpretations and ecological applications.

Methods

We built SDMs for the invasive aquatic plant European frog‐bit using aggregated and field data that span multiple scales, data sources, and data types. We tested how model results were affected by five modeler decision points: the exclusion of (1) missing and (2) correlated data and the (3) scale (large‐scale aggregated data or systematic field data), (4) source (specimens or observations), and (5) type (presence‐background or presence‐absence) of occurrence data.

Results

Decisions about the exclusion of missing and correlated data, as well as the scale and type of occurrence data, significantly affected metrics of model performance. The source and type of occurrence data led to differences in the importance of specific explanatory variables as drivers of species distribution and predicted probability of suitable habitat.

Discussion

Our findings relative to European frog‐bit illustrate how specific data selection and processing decisions can influence the outcomes and interpretation of SDMs. Data‐centric protocols that incorporate data exploration into model building can help ensure models are reproducible and can be accurately interpreted in light of biological questions.
In Situ Fracture Behavior of Single Crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)
Authors: Wheatcroft Laura , Bird Arron , Gollapally Naresh , Booth Samuel G. , Cussen Serena A. , Inkson Beverley J.
Published: March 2024

Single crystal particle morphologies have become highly desirable for next generation cathode materials, removing grain boundary fracture and thereby reducing the surface area exposed to electrolyte. The intrinsic mechanical behavior of single crystal layered oxides, however, is poorly understood. Here, faceted single crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) particles are compressed in situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to determine mechanical deformation mechanisms as a function of crystallographic orientation. In situ, the dynamical deformation sequence observed is initial cracking at the compression zone, followed by accelerated transparticle crack propagation and concurrent (0001) slip band formation. The greatest loads and contact pressure at fracture, non‐basal cracking, and activation of multiple basal slip systems in larger (>3 μm) particles, occur for compression normal to the (0001) layered structure. Loading on {012} preferentially activates basal fracture and slip at lower loads. Regardless of particle orientation, non‐basal slip systems are not observed, and non‐basal cracking and particle rotation occur during compression to compensate for this inability to activate dislocations in 3‐dimensions. Crystallographic dependent mechanical behaviour of single crystal NMC811 means that particle texture in cathodes should be monitored, and sources of localised surface stress in cathodes, e. g. particle‐to‐particle asperity contacts during electrode manufacture, should be minimised.
Motivate students for better academic achievement: A systematic review of blended innovative teaching and its impact on learning
Authors: Daniel Kangwa , Msambwa Msafiri Mgambi , Antony Fute , Wan Xiulan
Published: March 2024

This systematic literature review explores the impact of innovative teaching approaches on student motivation and academic achievement in online blended learning. A thorough search of five electronic databases for studies published between January 2009 and May 2023 yielded 1468 records. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study‐design (PICOS) frameworks as the basis for the eligibility criteria, 47 studies were eligible and reviewed. The findings revealed that the effects of motivation were influenced by various factors, such as the blended course design, instructor's support, learning environment and the student's characteristics. The common innovative teaching and learning techniques and tools which advanced better teaching and learning were found to be interactive lessons, the use of virtual reality technology, artificial intelligence, project‐based learning, inquiry‐based learning, jigsaw, cloud computing, flipped classroom, peer teaching, peer feedback, crossover teaching and personalised teaching. These techniques positively and significantly affected motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, results also suggest that educators should carefully consider the needs and preferences of their students when designing their courses and curricula to motivate and support students to achieve their full potential. Based on these findings, instructor support through innovative teaching and learning is vital to sustaining meaningful, innovative interactions that motivate students and promote better academic achievements in innovative online blended learning. Therefore, this study proposed a framework that illustrates that when students are well motivated, they develop personal and academic qualities such as interest, confidence, belonging, cooperation and trust in the educational experiences, resulting in better academic achievement.
Eight‐Electron Copper Nanoclusters for Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Sun Xueli , Yan Bingzheng , Gong Xuekun , Xu Qinghua , Guo Qingxiang , Shen Hui
Published: March 2024

Owing to distinct physicochemical properties in comparison to gold and silver counterparts, atomically precise copper nanoclusters are attracting embryonic interest in material science. The introduction of copper cluster nanomaterials in more interesting fields is currently urgent and desired. Reported in this work are novel copper nanoclusters of [XCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] (X=S or none, tBuSH=2‐methyl‐2‐propanethiol), which exhibit high performance in photothermal conversion. The clusters have been prepared in one pot and characterized by combinatorial techniques including ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The molecular structure of the clusters, as revealed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (SCXRD), shows the concentric three‐shell Russian doll arrangement of X@Cu14@Cl12@Cu40. Interestingly, the [SCu54Cl12(tBuS)20(NO3)12] cluster contains 8 free valence electrons in its structure, making it the first eight‐electron copper nanocluster stabilized by thiolates. More impressively, the clusters possess an effective photothermal conversion (temperature increases by 71 °C within ~50 s, λex=445 nm, 0.5 W cm−2) in a wide wavelength range (either blue or near‐infrared). The photothermal conversion can be even driven under irradiation of simulated sunlight (3 sun), endowing the clusters with great potency in solar energy utilization.
Accurate Experimental Structure of 1‐Chloronaphthalene
Authors: Pinacho Pablo , Gómez Pablo , López Juan Carlos , Blanco Susana
Published: March 2024

The structure of isolated 1‐chloronaphthalene has been investigated in a supersonic expansion by high‐resolution chirped‐pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP‐FTMW) spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz frequency range. Accurate values of the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for the only availabe conformer have been determined. The intensity of the spectrum allowed us to observe all the heavy atoms isotopologues in natural abundance, determining their rotational constants. From the extensive experimental dataset we derived accurate structures for 1‐chloronaphthalene using different methodologies and compared with related compounds.
Unmanned aerial vehicles in collaboration with fog computing network for improving quality of service
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Gupta Sachin Kumar
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study a UAV‐based fog or edge computing network in which UAVs and fog/edge nodes work together intelligently to provide numerous benefits in reduced latency, data offloading, storage, coverage, high throughput, fast computation, and rapid responses. In an existing UAV‐based computing network, the users send continuous requests to offload their data from the ground users to UAV–fog nodes and vice versa, which causes high congestion in the whole network. However, the UAV‐based networks for real‐time applications require low‐latency networks during the offloading of large volumes of data. Thus, the QoS is compromised in such networks when communicating in real‐time emergencies. To handle this problem, we aim to minimize the latency during offloading large amounts of data, take less computing time, and provide better throughput. First, this paper proposed the four‐tier architecture of the UAVs–fog collaborative network in which local UAVs and UAV–fog nodes do smart task offloading with low latency. In this network, the UAVs act as a fog server to compute data with the collaboration of local UAVs and offload their data efficiently to the ground devices. Next, we considered the Q‐learning Markov decision process (QLMDP) based on the optimal path to handle the massive data requests from ground devices and optimize the overall delay in the UAV‐based fog computing network. The simulation results show that this proposed collaborative network achieves high throughput, reduces average latency up to 0.2, and takes less computing time compared with UAV‐based networks and UAV‐based MEC networks; thus, it can achieve high QoS.
Delay in Adélie penguin nest occupation restricts parental investment in nest construction and reduces reproductive output
Authors: McLatchie Madi J. , Emmerson Louise , Wotherspoon Simon , Southwell Colin
Published: March 2024

Reproductive success is an important demographic parameter that can be driven by environmental and behavioural factors operating on various spatio‐temporal scales. As seabirds breed on land and forage in the ocean, processes occurring in both environments can influence their reproductive success. At various locations around East Antarctica, Adélie penguins' (Pygoscelis adeliae) reproductive success has been negatively linked to extensive sea‐ice. In contrast, our study site in the Windmill Islands has limited fast ice present during the breeding season, allowing us to examine drivers of reproductive success under vastly different marine environmental conditions. Here, we examined the reproductive success of 450 Adélie penguin nests over a 10‐year period using images obtained from remotely operated cameras. We analysed nest survival in relation to marine and climatic factors, environmental conditions at the camera site and immediately around the nest, and behavioural attributes reflecting parental investment and phenological timing. Our key result was a strong positive association between nest structure and chick survival, particularly when ground moisture and snow cover around the nest were high. Earlier nesting birds were more likely to build bigger nests, although it is unclear whether this is due to more time available to build nests or whether early arrival and high‐quality nests are complementary traits. This intrinsic activity is likely to become more important if future predictions of increased snowfall in this region manifest.
High‐volume plankton tow net sampling improves eDNA detection of invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in recently infested lakes
Authors: L Miller Dulaney , Amish Stephen , Howard Leif , Bajno Robert , McCartney Michael , Luikart Gordon
Published: March 2024

Aquatic invasive species are a serious and growing threat to biodiversity. Zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis) are freshwater invaders causing substantial ecological and economic damage across Europe and North America. Early detection of invasive mussels and other non‐indigenous species is increasingly needed to prevent their establishment and spread. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques potentially offer higher sensitivity monitoring tools to complement more conventional methods for surveying adult and juvenile mussels and veliger larvae. eDNA assays are typically performed on small‐volume (0.5–5 L) water samples that are concentrated by filtration prior to extraction and downstream processing. Sampling using a towed plankton net of a larger (64 μm) pore size can process orders of magnitude larger water volumes with the potential for increasing eDNA detection sensitivity. We compared the sensitivities of high‐volume plankton tow net water sampling to filter sampling in three recently infested lakes in Canada and Minnesota, USA. Paired filtration and tow net samples were analyzed for Dreissena DNA using an established quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the genus. Higher yields of Dreissena eDNA (more DNA copies) were recovered from plankton tow than from filtered samples in all 33 paired comparisons. In some cases, plankton tow samples were positive for Dreissena eDNA while lower‐volume filtering produced a false negative detection. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of plankton tow net sampling for eDNA early detection of invasive mussels, a method that can be used exclusively or as a supplement to filter sampling. Our results further suggest that eDNA testing could be incorporated into monitoring programs that routinely use plankton tows for visual detection of invasive mollusk larvae, as well as other aquatic invasive and non‐invasive species ranging from plankton to metazoans, including many fish.