bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quarrel of Mongolian Princes and Dating of the Mongols Campaign to South-Western Rus
Authors: Chichinov V.A.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to research the information by historical sources related with the Mongolian invasion to the South-Western Rus, determination exact dates of the conquest of Russian southern cities and consideration the quarrel of the Mongol princes, as a turning point in the history of the Mongol invasion and the Mongol empire. The author has some several conclusions. Firstly, the Russian chronicles, the chronicle of Rashid al-Din, and the “Secret History of the Mongols” contain the information, by which we can reconstructing the chronology of events past. Secondly, to determination an accurate chronology of the events of the Mongol invasion of South-Western Russia, it is important to use a source such as “The Secret History of the Mongols”, which was written by an eyewitness to the events that unfolded in the residence of the Mongolian emperor. Thirdly, the author was able to date the events associated with the capture of some southern Rus cities by the Mongols. The research has provided information that reveals the specifics of the Mongol conquest of Kiev, namely, the date of the event was clarified, and also identified the commanders who did not participate in this campaign and were mistakenly counted among the conquerors of Kiev, the “mother of Russian cities”.
Influence of Wind Currents on Spectral Light Attenuation in Water
Authors: Akulova O.B. , Andrukhova T.V. , Bukatyi V.I. , Kolomeitsev A.A. , Marusin K.V. , Frolenkov O.M.
Published: November 2020

The paper deals with wind current dependences of spectral light attenuation measured in natural waters of lakes in the south of West Siberia. To reveal the significance of abiotic, i.e., physical factors affecting water transparency, we calculate relative spectral contributions of individual optically active water components in freshwater lakes established during hydrophysical research of 2019. In addition, the published data on the daily dynamics of spectral water transparency obtained by researchers of IWEP SB RAS for Lake Krasilovskoye in 2016 are partially analyzed. The greatest spectral contribution to the total light attenuation falls on suspension consisting mainly of phytoplankton algae particles and yellow matter. Wind current velocity is a determining factor affecting light attenuation dynamics because the upward redistribution of particle concentration in upper layers of the lake caused by wind-induced turbulent mixing occurs faster than the change in the yellow matter content as a result of physical-chemical processes responsible for its formation. In such cases, the intensity of turbulence (turbulent mass exchange) is usually characterized by flow (integral) Richardson number Ri, which is directly dependent on wind current velocity. In our experiment, Ri equals to 1.5.
Computer Simulation of Small Magnetic Clusters of 3d-Transition Metals of the Iron Subgroup Using the Hybrid Density Functional Method
Authors: Beznosyuk S.A. , Blyum A.G. , Zhukovsky M.S. , Zhukovsky T.M. , Masalimov А.S.
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of s study focused on the stability of small 3d-transition-metal magnetic clusters (metals of an iron subgroup) in spin-polarized states using the hybrid density functional method. Computer modeling and full variational optimization of geometric structures of clusters were performed for various values of the spin multiplicity of electronic states. The binding energies, the bond lengths, and the frequencies of atomic zero-point vibrations in small clusters with a nuclearity of n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were calculated depending on the metal (Fe, Co, Ni) and spin multiplicity M in the zero-charge state. The calculations were carried out using the hybrid density functional B3LYP method in the def2-TZVP basis set of the ORCA package algorithms. A comparison of the calculated results with the available experimental data is presented. It is shown that the calculated data obtained by the hybrid density functional method are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data for “naked” clusters in inert media both for the spin multiplicity of the ground state and for the energy of atomic shock dissociation of clusters in inert gas flows.
Study of Diffusion Boride Bayers of Steel 20, Obtained by the Micro-Arc Surface
Authors: Shevchuk E.P. , Plotnikov V.A. , Bektasova G.S.
Published: November 2020

We discuss the results of the study of carbon steel 20 boriding performed by the micro-arc chemical-thermal treatment of a mixture containing iron and boric acid. The study has been carried out in scientific laboratories of the EKSU named after S. Amanzholov. It is found out that boride diffusion coatings obtained by this method are characterized by high hardness of 3.5 GPa and have an extensive diffusion zone. The wide diffusion zone is a surface layer of steel in which the compounds of boron and iron are distributed so that a transition region is formed between the hardened region and the matrix. The material of the diffusion zone is a composite consisting of a plastic а-phase of iron and high strength iron borides. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of Fe3B compounds. It is found that the most optimal composition of the mixture contains iron and boric acid in a ratio of 1:3 (Fe-25% + H3BO3-75 %).

The use of the micro-arc surfacing method makes it possible to intensify the process of diffusion boriding in comparison with traditional methods. Also, it ensures that a hardened composite layer with a heterogeneous structure formed by the diffusion-crystallization mechanism is developed on a surface of steel products.
Study of a Numerical Method for Solving a Boundary Value Problem for a Differential Equation with a Fractional Time Derivative
Authors: Alimbekova N.B , Baigereyev D.R. , Madiyarov M.N.
Published: November 2020

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the problem of numerical implementation of multiphase filtration models due to its enormous economic importance in the oil industry, hydrology, and nuclear waste management. In contrast to the classical models of filtration, filtration models in highly porous fractured formations with the fractal geometry of wells are not fully understood. The solution to this problem reduces to solving a system of differential equations with fractional derivatives. In the paper, a finite-difference scheme is constructed for solving the initial-boundary value problem for the convection-diffusion equation with a fractional time derivative in the sense of Caputo-Fabrizio. A priori estimates are obtained for solving a difference problem under the assumption that there is a solution to the problem in the class of sufficiently smooth functions that prove the uniqueness of the solution and the stability of the difference scheme. The convergence of the solution of the difference problem to the solution of the original differential problem with the second order in time and space variables is shown. The results of computational experiments confirming the reliability of theoretical analysis are presented.
Modeling of Tumor Occurrence and Growth - I
Authors: Antontsev S.N. , Papin A.A. , Tokareva M.A. , Leonova E.I. , Gridushko E.A.
Published: November 2020

Cancer has recently overtaken heart disease as the world’s biggest killer. Cancer is initiated by gene mutations that result in local proliferation of abnormal cells and their migration to other parts of the human body, a process called metastasis. The metastasized cancer cells then interfere with the normal functions of the body, eventually leading to death. There are 200 types of cancer, classified by their point of origin. Most of them share some common features, but they also have their specific character. In this paper, we consider mathematical models of non-specific solid tumors in a tissue. The models incorporate the constitutive nature of the tissue, and the need for growing tumors to attract blood vessels. We also describe a general multiscale approach that involves cell cycle and incorporates non-specific genes mutation. Also, the trends and general features of modeling tumor growth are discussed. The main goal is set at revealing some trends and challenges on cancer modeling, especially related to the development of multiphase and multiscale models.
Idempotent Analog of the Legendre Transformation and lts Application in Digital Processing of Signals
Authors: Kurkina M.V. , Semenov S.P. , Slavsky V.V. , Samarina O.V. , Petuhova O.A. , Petrov A.A. , Finogenov A.A. , Samarin V.A.
Published: November 2020

In recent years, a new area of mathematics — idempotent or “tropical” mathematics — has been intensively developed within the framework of the Sofus Lee international center, which is reflected in the works of V.P. Maslov, G.L. Litvinov, and A.N. Sobolevsky.

The Legendre transformation plays an important role in theoretical physics, classical and statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. In mathematics and its applications, the Legendre transformation is based on the concept of duality of vector spaces and duality theory for convex functions and subsets of a vector space.

The purpose of this paper is to go beyond linear vector spaces using similar notions of duality in conformally flat Riemannian geometry and in idempotent algebra.An abstract idempotent analog of the Legendre transformation is constructed in a way similar to the polar transformation of the conformally flat Riemannian metric introduced in the works of E.D. Rodionov and V.V. Slavsky. Its capabilities for digital processing of signals and images are being investigated
DYNAMIC CONSTRUCTION CONTROL METHOD FOR A DEEP FOUNDATION PIT WITH SAND-PEBBLE GEOLOGY
Authors: Cheng Xuansheng , Luo Bingbing , Liu Haibo , Xia Qingchun , Chen Chaobo
Published: November 2020

Taking the water-rich sand and pebble geology deep foundation pit of Jinfu Station of Chengdu Metro Line 6 as the research object, combined with the ladder excavation method of slotting, utilizing finite difference software FLAC 3D as well as on-site monitoring result, the deformation law of the diaphragm wall during the dynamic excavation of the foundation pit is analysed, and the influence of the relative stiffness between the vertical and horizontal walls of the foundation pit on the lateral deformation of the retaining structure is discussed. The results show that while using the ladder excavation method of slotting, the maximum lateral displacement of the underground diaphragm walls decreases gradually with the excavation depth of the foundation pit, which occurs at the intersection of the middle point of the oblique excavation line and the step distance section of the transverse excavation. Additionally, the lateral displacement increases closer to the excavation section. The lateral displacement of the envelope enclosure mainly depends on the relative constraint stiffness of the vertical and horizontal underground diaphragm wall of the foundation pit. The use of the ladder layered excavation method of slotting can effectively reduce the lateral displacement of the underground diaphragm wall. The simulated result and on-site monitoring result are nearly the same. These results can provide a corresponding theory and engineering basis for the selection of excavation methods for the same type of sand and pebble stratum foundation pit.
STUDY ON OPTIMAL COMBINATION SETTLEMENT PREDICTION MODEL BASED ON LOGISTIC CURVE AND GOMPERTZ CURVE
Authors: Wang Bolin , Wang Xu , Ma Xuening
Published: November 2020

The Logistic and Gompertz embankment settlement prediction models have poor prediction accuracy for the late settlement of high-filled soil. This study proposes a combination of the two models based on their common characteristics and individuality, and their respective advantages and specific limitations. The minimum logarithmic error square sum of the combined model was used as the objective function to solve the optimal weighting coefficient. The optimal weighted geometric mean combination prediction model was deduced, to improve the confidence of the prediction accuracy of the settlement of high-filled soil. By fitting and analysing the measured settlement data of the engineered high-filled soil with each prediction model, the feasibility of the proposed optimal combination prediction model in the settlement prediction of high-filled soil was tested. It was found that the proposed optimal combination forecasting model was more accurate and adaptable compared to any single model, and was more reliable. Therefore, the proposed combination forecasting model could be used as an effective method to predict the settlement of high-filled soil in the later stages of settlement.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO THE RESPONSE OF HISTORICAL STRUCTURE TO THE EFFECTS OF NATURAL SEISMICITY
Authors: Čejka Tomáš , Libecajtová Aneta
Published: November 2020

The article presents the evaluation a building technical survey of a damaged historic rectory building in Luby near Cheb, it analyses the damage and proposes conceptual ideas for the rehabilitation design of a historic building damaged by the effects of natural seismicity applying the results and outputs of the NAKI II research project.
Sprache und Bewegung in der frühen Kindheit
Authors: Madeira Firmino Nadine
Published: November 2020

Nadine Madeira Firmino widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Frage, wie Bewegung sich in den ersten Lebensjahren positiv auf die sprachliche Entwicklung von Kindern auswirken kann. Der Beitrag zeigt anhand aktueller Forschungsergebnisse die Relevanz und das Potenzial der Zusammenführung motorischer und sprachlicher Zugänge in der Bildungsarbeit auf. Eine immer noch vorherrschende additiv und isoliert ausgerichtete Sprachförderprogrammatik in der Frühpädagogik wird bezogen auf ganzheitliche Ansätze hin diskutiert und durch eine Verzahnung verschiedener Herangehensweisen für eine zielgerichtetere Umsetzung erweitert. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden einzelne Beispiele einer bewegungsorientierten Sprachbildung für die Altersstufe der 2- bis 6-Jährigen vorgestellt und fachwissenschaftlich eingeordnet.
Die andere Seite der Intervention
Authors: Satjukow Elisa
Published: November 2020

20 Jahre nach den NATO-Luftangriffen auf Serbien im Rahmen des Kosovokrieges eröffnet Elisa Satjukow den Blick auf die »andere Seite« dieser Intervention. Anhand bisher unerschlossener Dokumente fragt sie nach den Erfahrungen, Emotionen und Erinnerungen der serbischen Gesellschaft unter den Bedingungen von Bomben und Ausnahmezustand im Frühjahr 1999. Dabei zeigt sie, dass die NATO-Intervention nicht nur eine Schlüsselerfahrung der Milosevic-Ära darstellt: Bis heute bildet der völkerrechtswidrige Einsatz einen umkämpften Erinnerungsort für Serbien, das zwischen Russland und Europa, zwischen Opfertum und Heroismus, zwischen Nationalismus und Demokratie seinen Weg sucht.
Education First!? Gender Second?
Authors: Altenberger Sandra
Published: November 2020

Der Beitrag »Education First!? Gender Second? Zur Notwendigkeit postkolonial-feministischer Perspektiven auf Global Citizenship Education« setzt sich mit der Frage der Notwendigkeit einer postkolonial-feministischen Analyseperspektive auf die UNESCO-Konzeption von GCE auseinander. Mit Blick auf die Global Education First Initiative werden dahingehend drei (Denk-)Muster bzw. Narrative hervorgehoben, die bereits Aufschluss über Herstellungs- und Bezeichnungspraxen von Gender in diesem Kontext geben. Im Sinne einer »affirmativen Sabotage« möchte versucht werden, die Befähigung, die von GCE ausgeht, zu nutzen, um die inneren Brüche hervorzuheben und herauszufordern oder sie zu transformieren, um sie dann im Sinne einer kritischeren (feministischen) Solidarität zum Einsatz zu bringen, ohne dabei die Verletzungen, die auch von GCE ausgehen, zu übersehen.
Kritik der Kritik
Authors: Valenti Cecilia
Published: November 2020

Cecilia Valenti nimmt in ihrem Beitrag die Bild-Ton-Verhältnisse von drei Dokumentarfilmen der italienischen Neuen Linken aus den 70er Jahren in den Blick und zeigt, wie Fragen der Zeug_innenschaft und der Kollektivsubjektivierung einer sich selbst dokumentierenden Arbeiter_innenklasse mittels einer Pluralisierung von Stimmen verhandelt werden. In der negativen Geste militanter Dokumentarfilme und ihrer Selbsteinschreibung in politische Kämpfe, die vor allem als Momente direkter Konfrontation mit einer als Gegenüber mobilisierten Autorität inszeniert werden, macht Valenti dabei zugleich einen blinden Fleck ihrer Ästhetik aus, der schon in den 1970er Jahren von Seiten feministischer Aktivistinnen und Filmemacherinnen kritisiert und reflektiert wurde. Statt agonalen Gesten ein Pathos der Subversion abzugewinnen, untersuchen Filme feministischer Kollektive die Widersprüche und Potenziale verschiedener Modi der Demonstration, der Bewusstseinsarbeit und der Praxis im öffentlichen und domestischen Raum.
Warning: Not Suitable for Robots
Authors: Bhéreur-Lagounaris Alexia
Published: November 2020

This paper starts with an a priori that, despite the many games we play using objects, the players and the game makers themselves are nevertheless humans with bodies that feel. While this seems obvious, the gaming industry has not properly developed the use of the whole body in the playing experience. To best study this »crime scene« (of why the body has been left immobile), we are going to use Dewey's pragmatic method of inquiry. This practical approach, combined with discoveries by neuroscientists, will help us to understand why the body has been left motionless in the game design processes and how we can revive it. This paper concludes with a hypothesis that promotes what truly makes us human, moving, natural and sensitive beings. The use of us as natural subjects can better facilitate harmonization with our natural ecosystem using embodied and human centric game design as the vector.
Anerkannter Protest?
Authors: Brink Lina
Published: November 2020

In der global vernetzten Welt sind kosmopolitische Ansätze auch in der Medienkulturforschung bedeutsam: Sie eröffnen den Blick auf die Potenziale mediatisierter Anerkennung. Lina Brink zeigt, wie insbesondere feministische und postkoloniale Theorien eine machtkritische Auseinandersetzung mit solchen Ansätzen befördern und empirische Untersuchungen anleiten können. Am Beispiel der deutschsprachigen Berichterstattung zwischen 2011 und 2014 untersucht sie die mediale Repräsentation von protestierenden Frauen in Ägypten. Auf Grundlage dieser theoretisch versierten Studie entwirft sie ein Modell für eine empirische Analyse mediatisierter Anerkennung und verdeutlicht, wie eng diese mit der Etablierung hierarchisierender Deutungen verwoben sein kann.
Using of Plastic Wastes as Additives in Bituminous Mixes
Authors: Abu El-Maaty Ahmed Ebrahim , Ibrahim Sourour Ibrahim Reda , El-Sayed Bekheet Wael Ali
Published: November 2020

Plastic wastes are everywhere in today’s lifestyle and are growing rapidly specially in a developing country like Egypt. As these are non-biodegradable, there is a main issue facing the community concerning the handling of this plastic rubbish. On the other hand, different forms of increased distresses in flexible pavements such as cracking and rutting as well as moisture damage ratio should be faced and reduced by modifying the performance of hot asphalt mixtures. The reclaimed plastics that originally made of polymers have been used as an anti-stripping modifier to reduce the appearance of distresses in asphalt pavement surface and increase the resistance against moisture damage. In this research, the recycled plastic wastes have been used according to dry mixing process using contents (0.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5%) from the total weight of hot asphalt mixture. The optimal bitumen content has been derived for each polymer content by using Marshall procedure. The performance of modified bitumen mixtures have been recognized using Marshall quotient (as indicator of the stiffness), static indirect tensile strength and tensile strength ratio (as indicator of moisture damage resistance), dynamic modulus value (as indicator of stiffness of the asphalt mixture when tested in a compressive and repeated load test under different temperatures) and flow number (as indicator of permanent axial deformation resistance). The results obtained that the addendum of plastic rubbish to HMA improves its characteristics such as stability, strength, resistance to moisture damage and permanent deformation. The addition ratio of 3% polymer provides better pavement performance. Moreover, it has an economic importance where it reduces the exhaustion of natural asphalt in paving works by about 14.5%.
Does perceived self-regulation affect target commitment?
Authors: Turan Serhat , Kaçay Zülbiye
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived self-regulation levels on target commitment of secondary school students participating and no-participating in inter-school sports competitions. “General Information Form”, “Perceived Self-Regulation Scale (PSRS) and “Goal Commitment Scale (GCS)” were used to collect the data. The sample group consisted of 313 (male = 130, female = 183) students studying at secondary level. Pearson Moment Correlation test, Manova analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. As a result of the analysis, the main effect of the variables of gender and participating in inter-school sports competitions was not determined to be statistically significant for PSRS and GCS. As a result of the regression analysis, it was determined that perceived self-regulation predicted the target commitment positively and statistically significant. Also, it was determined that there was a positive and significant difference between PSRS and GCS. In this study, it was determined that participating in inter-school sports competitions did not significantly affect perceived self-regulation and target commitment levels. It is recommended that the study should be applied to students who do regular sports and students who do not do regular sports.
Videotape and Vibrators
Authors: Cornfeld Li
Published: November 2020

This article explores the role of erotic experimentation in the emergence of newly developed media and technology. It argues that, just as pornographic videotape pioneered home entertainment practices in the 1970s and 1980s, so too are contemporary erotic technologies, such as smart vibrators, at the forefront of a turn toward interactive media and technology that engage and stimulate the body. The article traces these convergences of sex and tech through the history of the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), an industry showcase of emerging media and technology and a crucial site for the maintenance of cross-sector relations necessary for technological advancement. It concludes by considering the recent rise of “sex tech” alongside histories of the vibrator’s earliest product categorizations in the Victorian era in order to identify the endurance of market frames including health, wellness, and femininity, that legitimize socially taboo technologies.
Competitividad de las tortillerías de la ciudad de Tijuana B.C. México frente al COVID-19
Authors: Aguilar Medel Lizbeth Victoria , De Aquino González Karina Vanessa , Galván Preciado Leslie Janeth , Baqueiro López Perla Gabriela
Published: November 2020

La presente investigación busca analizar los factores externos que influyen enla competitividad de las tortillerías de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California, México; mediante la aplicación de dos modelos de competitividad: las 5 fuerzas dePorter y competitividad sistémica, el diseño de esta investigación fue de corte transversal utilizando el método cualitativo descriptivo, tomando datos del periodo 2020 debido a la crisis sanitaria de covid-19 en México. el sujeto de estudio está conformado por un total de 296 tortillerías de la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California, México. Los principales resultados indican que el sector tortillero tiene aspectos que fortalecer para generar ventajas competitivas, otros resultados mostraron que las mipymes manufactureras de tortillerías de Baja California son medianamente competitivas con tendencia importante hacia la baja ya que los factores externos analizados presentan niveles de competitividad de medio a bajo.
Teoría de juegos aplicada a la competencia innovativa de la industria 4.0
Authors: Sibrián Sánchez Kevin Alexis
Published: November 2020

La teoría de juegos, desde su origen hasta la actualidad, es una herramienta utilizada para determinar las múltiples decisiones estratégicas que realizan los jugadores, tomando en consideración que el resto de los jugadores son racionales y las reglas del juego se encuentran predefinidas, para alcanzar el máximo beneficio o utilidad hasta que todos los jugadores que se encuentran compitiendo o cooperando no quieran moverse de esa situación, es decir, hasta que logren el equilibrio de Nash.

Por tal motivo, destacando la importancia de la competencia innovativa en el actual desarrollo del contexto capitalista a nivel internacional mediante el auge de la industria 4.0, se justifica la decisión de competir agresivamente mediante el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología para impulsar la aplicación de nuevas innovaciones centradas en la autonomatización de los procesos productivos y surge la necesidad de garantizar las condiciones para que estas puedan ser aplicadas efectivamente.
El algoritmo de la hechicería. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del archivo inquisitorial toledano
Authors: Morales Estévez Roberto
Published: November 2020

El presente estudio nace de la creación y análisis de una base de datos sobre el delito de hechicería del tribunal inquisitorial de Toledo a lo largo de toda su historia. Tras delimitar el siempre esquivo término de hechicería, los datos han sido analizados desde el punto de vista de género y el resultado de las sentencias ofrecidas por el propio portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) y el catálogo de causas contra la fe seguidas ante el tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición de Toledo de principios del siglo xix. Con ello se ha pretendido actualizar los trabajos y resultados, principalmente de Henningsen y Dedieu, con los que contábamos, que al basarse en las relaciones de causa son algo menos fiables.
Las exequias a Mariana de Austria en los virreinatos americanos, traslatio y metáforas en vuelo
Authors: Farré Vidal Judith
Published: November 2020

La singular y novedosa condición de Mariana de Austria, que pasó de ser consorte a ejercer de reina regente, la convierte en un interesante caso de estudio. Esa especial condición, unida a la coyuntura con la que Perú y Nueva España afrontaban en 1697 la crisis de la monarquía, el reinado de Carlos II, el incierto panorama ante la sucesión y el cambio de siglo, son las razones para este estudio comparado sobre las exequias americanas a Mariana de Austria. Mi objetivo no es el análisis concreto de la iconografía de los túmulos, sino trazar una comparación entre los procesos de localización y adaptación del ritual político de la muerte llevados a cabo en los dos virreinatos, su traslatio a partir de la formulación central en la metrópoli y dentro de un marco de redes cosmopolitas en una cultura global.
When “Too Much and Too Slapdash” No Longer Satisfies: Existential Changes Brought by Altering the Speed of Life
Authors: Pivoriūtė Milda , Poškauskaitė Karolina
Published: November 2020

This article uses two opposing concepts of time to articulate the tensions that are common among the working-age urban population of today’s post-industrial societies and their solutions at the individual level. The importance of the time dimension for the analysis of today’s people’s lives is revealed through the analysis of sociological studies of the concepts of fast and slow time and the results of a qualitative study which includ­ed interviews with 18 people who linked their changes in life to different regimes of time. For some people who live in fast-time mode, turning back to slow time becomes an essential principle for achieving significant existential changes that lead to a subjectively more meaningful, qualitative, freer, and more authentic life.
A Contribution to the taxonomy of the Andean Bear
Authors: Brandstaetter Frank
Published: November 2020

The Andean bear's taxonomy is discussed with some nomenclatorial corrections and discussions of some common names for the species. The most widely used common name has been changed from spectacled bear to Andean bear in favour of the animal's importance in conservation issues for the Andean region.
Impact of Designed Quairokkum Hydropower Plant Reconstruction on the Syr Darya River Ichthyofauna
Authors: Afanasyev S. A. , Roman A. M. , Dolinskii V. L. , Karimov H. N. , Erhashboev I. K.
Published: November 2020

The article presents data on actual state of the fish fauna in the middle section of the Syr Darya River (including Quairokkum Reservoir and not-regulated river section downstream the dam), with regard to their migration behavior and protection status. Based on this list report also considers the actual state of the fish survival at Quairokkum HPP and analyzes of the main species affected and main factors increasing their chance to survive. Three methods to increase fish survival are proposed: by replacement of the turbines by more fish-friendly ones, by construction of the fish pass and by activation of fish deterrent devices in case of large fish accumulations.
Prevalence and Distribution of Pulp Stones in a Group of Peruvian Adults: a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Calero-Hinostroza Gisella G. , Tinedo-López Pedro L. , García-Rupaya Carmen R.
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of pulp stones in a group of Peruvian adults using cone beam tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: 60 randomly selected CBCT from a tomographic center in Lima, Peru were analyzed. A total of 1263 images of teeth using the Point 3D Combi 500 S tomograph were evaluated. Images analysis was performed with Real Scan software and all teeth were evaluated in sagittal, axial and coronal views. All measurements were subjected to a chi square test. (p<0.05). Results: Of the 1263 teeth, 30.8% presented pulp calcifications through the CBCT. The prevalence of calcifications was higher in women than in men. The maxillary and mandibular molars were the groups of teeth with the highest frequency of pulp stones. There was significance between the pulp stones and the gender, age range, type and state of the tooth. Conclusions: The maxillary first molars had a higher prevalence of pulp calcifications than the mandibular ones. The presence of caries increased the possibility of the appearance of these calcifications, specifically in the maxillary teeth. CBCT could be a sensitive tool to detect pulp stones. Knowledge of the distribution of pulp stones can help dentists in the clinical treatment of endodontics.
Communication in Training as an Important Social and Pedagogical Factor
Authors: Todorova Galina , Grudeva Marinela
Published: November 2020

Communication is a complex phenomenon that can hardly be unambiguously defined. In the context of an educational institution, it is characterized by a certain specificity that affects its effectiveness. Because of its complexity, communication is the object of studies and clarification from various scientific fields, and pedagogy. Of a particular interest is the assessment from the learner’s point of view. This issue provoked the current research and lead to empirical study among students studying "Nursing" at the Medical University "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov" - Varna; students who have also already studied two pedagogical disciplines and have a theoretical idea of the essence of this phenomenon.
Symptomatic manifestations of the disease caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) in adults: systematic review
Authors: Neto Antonio Rosa de Sousa , Carvalho Ana Raquel Batista de , Oliveira Erika Morganna Neves de , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito , Moura Maria Eliete Batista , Freitas Daniela Reis Joaquim de
Published: November 2020

Objective: to verify in the scientific literature the symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19 in adults. Method: a systematic review carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases with studies published from December 1, 2019 to April 21, 2020, in order to answer the guiding question: “What are the symptomatic manifestations caused by COVID-19 in adults?" using the keywords: "Symptoms", "Clinical manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID19". Results: Of the total of 105 references, 13 were selected that addressed the symptomatic manifestations of COVID-19, with fever and normal or dry cough present in all studies. Conclusion: the symptomatic manifestations identified in adult patients were: fever, normal or dry cough, headache, pharyngalgia, dyspnoea, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, sputum or expectoration, anguish or chest pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, rhinorrhea, runny nose or nasal congestion, dizziness, chills, systemic pain, mental confusion, hemoptysis, asthma, impaired taste, impaired smell, belching and tachycardia
Clinical Application of CSC Telescopic Denture with Magnetic Attachment in Treating Class III Molar Furcation Involvement-A Case Report
Authors: GL Hou
Published: November 2020

The clinical observations of periodontal and prosthetic therapies using retrospective and radiographic evaluation have indicated that molars affected with advanced furcation involvement (FI) are more prone to reducing clinical periodontal support and losing clinical attachments. The present case showed approach using molar root separation and the design of unilateral CSCTD and magnetic attachment to treating the right maxillary secondary molar with Class II and III furcation involvement. Result showed a remarkable improvement around periodontal tissue of the inner crowns and infra-furcation and furcation roof 14 years later. It can be concluded that the design of the CSCTD combined with magnetic attachment appears to be an effectiveness method in treating advanced molar furcation problems.
A Comparison of Skin Thickness Data from Ultrasonography with Literature Data Obtained via Histology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Posterior Neck, Lumbar Back, Lateral Epicondyle, and Posterior Knee
Authors: P Micheels , S Besse , B Elias , S Viski
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Over many years now, our team has been convinced that the injection depths indicated by authors in published studies on intradermal injection therapy or in the esthetic field are incorrect. This paper sought to compare skin thickness data derived from Ultrasonography with literature data obtained via histological examination and magnetic resonance imaging.
DEPLETION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE RESULTING FROM GLOBAL GASEOUS POLLUTION
Authors: LOUW C.W.
Published: November 2020

The possible depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer has become an issue of international importance. The primary concern is based on the possible inhibition of its functioning as a life protecting ultraviolet shield and the adverse biological and climatological effects that might result from this. There is, however, still considerable scientific uncertainty concerning this issue. It is against this background that an appraisal is given of the current state of knowledge regarding the potential for depletion of stratospheric ozone by global gaseous pollution and the attendant environmental effects. Special reference is made to the SA research effort that will make an important contribution towards understanding the tropospheric/stratospheric processes which play a role in the formation and destruction of ozone.
CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION POTENTIAL ACROSS THE SW CAPE COAST
Authors: Jury M.
Published: November 2020

Changes in the potential for dispersion of atmospheric pollutants across the SW Cape coast, to the northeast of Cape Town, are analysed using case studies of 10 m meteorological network and doppler acoustic sounder data. The analysis focuses on summer fair weather inversion conditions associated with coastal lows, and cases distinguish between SSE trade winds and weaker WSW seabreezes. The more common SSE wind regime was characteristed as a topographically channelled low level (300m) jet. The spatial distributions of air temperatures and horizontal wind deviations were closely related and across coast gradients in the first 10 km exceeded 50C and 150, respectively. The acceleration and deflection of SSE wind flow by nearby Table Mountain and a daytime land-sea temperature difference of over 2NC accounted for much of the spatial structure. Sounder transects made along a route 12 km inland over a two week period when seabreezes were prevalent indicated sharp variations in wind direction, speed, turbulence and air temperature in the 0—500 m layer. During lighter seabreeze wind conditions, a thermal internal (convective) boundary layer was well described by sounder transects. The TIBL depth was observed to grow at a rate of 1:20 in the first 5 km and 1:50 further inland. The meteorological gradients are discussed with regard to the potential for dispersion of atmospheric pollutants in the coastal zone and the ability of tower-mounted sensors to adequately parameterise such processes
The more important sources of air pollution in the Republic of South Africa and the most recent control policies adopted by the authorities
Authors: Grange G
Published: November 2020

The main sources of air pollution in South Africa are described together with the basic reasons fro their occurance. Also is the policy adopted by the authorities to maintain air pollution in the R.S.A as levels considered safe for mean and the environment bring mind the best practicable means philosophy of the air pollution legislation which was promulgated some 25 years ago and the need to see that a delicate balance is maintained between what is essential fo ra safe and healthy environment and what can be afforded in a developing country with a fast growing population
SULPHUR DIOXIDE MEASUREMENTS IN SOUTH DURBAN: THE CULMINATION OF 8 YEARS OF MONITORING
Authors: GUASTELLA L , MJOLI D
Published: November 2020

The South Durban industrial basin comprises residential areas in close proximity to industry. The South Durban Sulphur Dioxide Management System was formed in 1994 in response to concerns regarding SO2 concentrations in the area. ASteering Committee, consisting of representatives from the national and local authorities, industry and the local community, was formed to monitor ambient SO2 concentrations to thereby facilitate informed decision-making on management strategies for industrial pollution control in the South Durban region. ECOSERV (Pty) Ltd were appointed as project managers in November 1995 to oversee:• the effective storage of the data collected by the system;• day-to-day maintenance of the extensive and varied equipment comprising the system; and• regular reporting and analysis of the data.
A generic air quality management plan for Municipalities
Authors: ENGELBRECHT J.C , WALT VD
Published: November 2020

Air quality management in South Africa has undergone drastic changes since the implementation of the National Environmental: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004). The new Act shifts the emphasis fiom point-source control to proactively protecting the receiving environment. In keeping with the new approach, it is a legal requirement that Municipalities must compile and implement air quality management plans (AQMPs) as part of their Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Although an explicit requirement of the Act, no clear guidelines exist for regulating bodies, includmg Municipalities, regarding the contents of such plans. The main findings of the study revealed a lack of air quality management infrastructure and a shortage of experienced, qualified staff to develop,implement and maintain air quality management plans. Financial constraints were also identified as a big concern to manage air quality. Although it is an explicit requirement by the Act, very few municipalities have approved AQMPs, nor appointed air quality officers. A generic air quality management plan framework (AQMPF) for all tiers of govenunent was developed to assist regulating authorities when compiling air quality managementplans. Although generic, this AQMPF was found to be applicable to Municipalities as well. Due to the fact that a lack of training has been identified as a critical gap in the successful implementation and maintenance of an AQMP, this study makes a significant contribution to the identification of generic training outcomes
The prevalence of asthma among children in South Africa is increasing - is the need for medication increasing as well? A case study in the Vaal Triangle
Authors: Oosthuizen M.A. , Mundackal A.J. , Wright C.Y.
Published: November 2020

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, is a global public health concern. In southern Africa the prevalence of asthma has increased over the last few decades. In the current study, all 10-year-old learners from three of the schools (one each in Sasolburg, Vanderbijlpark and Vereeniging) that participated in the 1990 Vaal Triangle Air Pollution and Health Study, were selected as the study population for a cross-sectional study conducted in 2010. Both the 1990 and 2010 studies investigated several exposure factors but focussed on respiratory illnesses as main health outcomes. Although the overall ethnicity profile in 2010 was different from that of 1990, the socioeconomic status of the study populations were very similar – the reason being that the same schools were used and the participating children were from the same immediate environment. The results of the 2010 study were then compared to the results of all 10-year-olds, from the same three schools, who participated in the 1990 study. The results showed the difference in prevalence of asthma during the two study years was statistically significant. The difference in the percentage of children who had ever been diagnosed with asthma and were reportedly on medication in 1990 and 2010 was, however, not statistically significant, indicating that although the prevalence of asthma increased, the demand for medication to control the condition may not have increased as well.
Effectiveness of mediation in the resolution of environmental complaints against the activities of gold mining industries in the Witwatersrand region
Authors: Oguntoke O. , Annegarn H.J.
Published: November 2020

In the Witwatersrand gold mining area, there have been recurring public complaints about dust dispersed from gold tailings storage facilities (TSFs) that traverse the landscape. Although weather aggravates the frequency and intensity of dust emission from TSFs in the study area, the rapid conversion of buffer areas around the dumps to residential land–use is exposing more people to dust hazards. This study assessed the effectiveness of Crown Mines Dust Monitoring forum in Johannesburg as an alternative environmental dispute resolution mechanism. Records of complaints from 1995 to 2010 that were made available through the forum were collated and analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics. Within the study period, complaints about mine pollution were more frequent between August and October, i.e. the dry months. More than 70% of the complaints were made by companies whose properties, operations and employees were affected by dust emission from the TSFs. While 52% of the complainants reported pollution problems for the first time within the study period, other cases were follow-up to previous complaints. Mining companies responded to 31% of the public’s grievances about dust pollution from their facilities within one week and another 12% in two weeks; response to the remaining complaints took much longer time. As part of mines’ response to public complaints, site visits were organised to indicted facilities, and pollution control measures and mitigation plan adopted at sites were also explained. Moreover, additional control measures were installed in critical circumstances to ameliorate dust pollution. Only a few of the complaints reported to the forum escalated to litigation or issuance of penalty by government agency. Although, the forum provided an avenue for resolution of environmental conflicts in a pragmatic and mutually beneficial manner, the right of the public to a clean environment is still not being realised fully.
The p–T–x-State Diagram of the Mg–Ni System
Authors:   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Levinsky Yu.V. , Alymov M.M. ,   Merzhanov Institute of Structural Microkinetics and Materials Science of RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia, Rokhlin L.L. ,   Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences A.A. Baykov Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2020

The analysis of equilibrium in the Mg–Ni system was carried out. Alloys on its basis are promising for use as sorbents and hydrogen storage (START). The conditions for the production and operation of such alloys imply strict control of the pressure of hydrogen. In this regard, phase equilibria in the Mg–Ni system must be considered not only depending on the composition and temperature, but also on the pressure of hydrogen. The most complete graphical representation of the equilibrium in the Mg–Ni system is given by a three-dimensional state diagram: pressure-temperature-composition (p–T–x), the projection of the three-phase equilibrium lines of this diagram on the pressure-temperature plane (p–T-state diagram), isobaric and isothermal sections of the diagram, diagram in pMg–T coordinates. Based on the analysis of experimental data on equilibrium in this system, the article presents the most important options of the listed types of diagrams. The presented diagram variants can be useful in optimizing the technology and operation of sorbents and START alloys of the Mg–Ni system.
Method for Recording and Reproducing an Experimental Research into the Field Emitter Properties Based on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors:   Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kolosko A.G. , Chernova V.S. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Filippov S.V. ,   Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia, Popov E.O. ,   Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: November 2020

A method for recording and emulating a complex experiment in field emission was developed. The method includes processing of three types of data streams: data on the electrical characteristics of the field cathode (voltage and current pulses), data on the field emission projector (glow patterns) and time-of-flight mass spectrometer data (mass spectra of volatile products in the measuring chamber). The LabView software environment implements an algorithm for synchronous reproduction of multichannel experiment data with the possibility of processing it in real time. The program has a built-in set of software tools that implement the functionality and repeat the experiment many times, pause at specified points in time, as well as change the time flow rate in the emulation. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated by the example of studying field emission from a nanocomposite field cathode based on carbon nanotubes.