bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances of 3D printing in oral oncology: personalized technologies for patients – a narrative review
Authors: Castro-Braga Mirian , Domingos Dias Wellingtânia , Nogueira Raquel Fabiane , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Huebner Rudolf , Serra-Negra Junia Maria
Published: September 2024

This study presents a narrative review of the literature that focuses on the substantial relevance and practical application of additive manufacturing and 3D printing in the context of oncology patients in the dental field. To address innovative technologies for diagnosis and treatment, this review underscores the progressive role of 3D printing in the creation of customized models for rehabilitation, surgical planning, prosthetics, examinations, and even tissue engineering. We analyzed five articles focused on the following categories: applications, benefits, and challenges associated with additive manufacturing; 3D printing; head and neck cancer; as well as assistive technology in the context of improving the effectiveness of treatments for people with this type of neoplasm. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma stood out as the most cited neoplasm for the use of 3D printing. 3D printing has played a significant role in transforming oral cancer treatment by providing customized solutions and enhancing outcomes: custom implants and prosthetics, patient-specific radiotherapy accessories, dose modulation devices, and improved preoperative planning. Additionally, 3D printing enables the production of complex medical devices in a single process, reducing steps and potentially costs. This also opens doors to creating more affordable solutions and extends the reach of personalized treatment to a greater number of patients. Continuous advancements in research and development of additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies demonstrate significant potential for optimizing treatments and improving outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer.
Perspectives on hand hygiene in Belizean healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative evaluation with healthcare workers
Authors: McDavid Kelsey , Craig Christina , Ly Anh N. , Bivens Nicholas , Morey Francis , Manzanero Russell , Morazan Gerhaldine , Hawes Ella , Medley Alexandra , Murray Kristy , Lozier Matthew
Published: September 2024

The World Health Organization recommends healthcare workers (HCWs) practice hand hygiene (HH) while providing care. Making alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) available at points of care is recommended during times of high patient volume, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In low- and middle-income countries, such as Belize, there may be limited access to HH materials within healthcare facilities (HCF). This paper examines the motivators and barriers to HH among HCWs in the 11 largest public healthcare facilities in Belize and HCWs' experiences with an intervention. In 2021, focus group discussions (FGDs) gathered HCWs' HH perceptions and preferences. An intervention was then implemented to increase ABHR access and HH training for HCWs. Post-intervention endpoint FGDs in 2022 documented HCWs' experiences with interventions. Baseline FGDs revealed that self-protection and protection of one's household members from illness were key motivators for HCWs' HH practice. Insufficient time, inadequate access to HH supplies, and gaps in education were barriers to practicing HH. At endpoint, participants appreciated increased access to ABHR and its convenience but did not like ABHR's effect on hands. Experiences with the training were mixed. To improve HCWs' HH practices, HH interventions should be tailored to HCWs' context and learning preferences.
Delineation of potential zones for groundwater recharge using integrated GIS-based AHP and CSI techniques in Ogun Waterside, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Badmus Ganiyu Olabode , Fagbohun Babatunde Joseph , Ogungbemi Oluwaseun Samuel , Akinyemi Olukayode Dewumi , Gbadebo Adewole Michael , Oyedepo John Adebayo
Published: September 2024

Ogun Waterside region of southwestern Nigeria experiences seasonal water stress stemming from groundwater overdraft. Therefore, it became imperative to effectively manage the existing groundwater resources to fulfill the anticipated demand for potable water. To achieve this goal, an analysis involving seven spatial parameters: geomorphology, land use/land cover, slope, lineament density, drainage density, soil types, and geology was conducted. These parameters were examined using a combination of geographic information system (GIS)-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and cumulative score index (CSI) techniques to delineate potential zones for groundwater recharge. The AHP methodology was employed to assign relative weights to the thematic layers and their corresponding features, reflecting their importance. The AHP results were integrated using a weighted linear combination within a GIS environment to generate the groundwater recharge potential map. Further, the CSI was used to reclassify the composite groundwater recharge potential map. The resultant map revealed three zones which were classified into high, moderate, and low potential zones founded on the CSI approximation. About 98.56 km2 (8.28%) of the study area is categorized as having low potential, 803.77 km2 (67.54%) falls within the moderate potential zone and 287.71 km2 (24.18%) falls in the high potential zone.
Water-smart strategies to support decision-making for water resource management in the industrial context
Authors: Alferes Janelcy , Desmet Nele , Kempeneers Sven , Latte Sander , Hitsov Ivaylo , Jayaweera Chamanti , De Neve Kristof , Wauman Joachim , Bosch Ralf , Dehaspe Joni , Van Ermen Sofie , Seuntjens Piet , Genné Inge
Published: September 2024

Efficient water resource management and shrinking freshwater sources are among the biggest challenges that the industry is facing. Best practices, optimization methodologies, technologies and tools are being required to better monitor the water systems and manage the water needs of industries. With this goal, this paper introduces different water-smart strategies being developed around the industrial Antwerp area in Belgium, where increasing levels of salinity are affecting the quality of the water used by different stakeholders within their activities. In view of better management of the surface water, a sensor network has been implemented to provide real-time monitoring of the water quality, and an operational model is used to obtain insights on the water quality dynamics to support water management decision-making. On the industrial side, tests with highly instrumented pilot facilities have provided valuable information regarding the feasibility of reducing water consumption, with a focus on the operation of cooling towers and the reuse of industrial water streams by using advanced treatment trains. In complement, a digital twin for cooling towers has been developed to study the influence of the water quality and test different operation scenarios in view of reducing water consumption and improving energy efficiency.
Workability, mechanical, durability, and microstructural investigation of sustainable concrete utilizing secondary treated wastewater, fly ash, and sodium nitrite
Authors: K. N. Rajiv , G. Shiva Kumar , Y. Ramalinga Reddy , Ramaraju H. K.
Published: September 2024

This study explored the use of secondary treated wastewater (STW) from three secondary-level wastewater treatment plants, along with fly ash (FA) and sodium nitrite (SN), to produce sustainable concrete, comparing it to concrete made with tap water. Key properties examined included workability (slump cone), strength (compressive, split tensile, and flexural), and durability (rapid chloride permeability and efflorescence). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to investigate the concrete's microstructure. The results indicated that FA and SN content had a notable influence on the workability, mechanical strength, and durability of the concrete mixtures. However, the type of water (STW or tap water) used in the concrete preparation showed no significant impact. Durability tests revealed that the penetrability of the mixtures ranged from low to moderate, signifying good quality, and no efflorescence was observed. Ultimately, the study concluded that concrete made with STW, when supplemented with 10% FA and 2% SN, demonstrated comparable performance to that made with tap water across key properties, offering a viable option for sustainable concrete production.
Bioactive Macromolecule-mediated Biogenic FeONPs Attenuate Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Rat by Activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway
Authors: Du Qing , Chen Bo , Yang Xiaohan , Zhu Hecheng , Shams ul Hassan Syed , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Atherosclerosis refers to the thickening and hardening of artery walls. In our latest experiment,
we utilized environmentally friendly techniques to produce multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles
(FeONPs) aimed at reducing inflammation in rats with atherosclerosis.

Methods:

The formulation was synthesized using curcumin (as the potent bioactive molecule) and was characterized.
We assessed the in vitro antioxidant capability of the formulation against DPPH free radicals. Additionally,
we quantified the mRNA levels of eNOS, PI3K, and AKT using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction
(RT-PCR). We tested the therapeutic impact of the bioactive formulation on a Triton X-100-induced atherosclerosis
mouse model.

Results:

The crystallinity and magnetic behavior confirmed the magnetic properties of the FeONPs. The
DPPH assay exhibited the dose-dependent radical scavenging characteristics of FeONPs. In the animal experiments,
significant upregulation of the studied genes was noticed in treated groups 2 and 3 compared to treated
group 1. Moreover, the expression of PI3K/eNOS/Akt was greater in treated group 3 than in treated group 2.
These results indicate a dose-dependent elevation in target gene expression.

Conclusion:

Nevertheless, the variation in gene expression between the negative control and the untreated control
was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) across all genes.
Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyridine, Thiophene, and Thiadiazole Scaffolds Utilizing 2-Cyano-N-(4-(1-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl) hydrazineylidene)ethyl)phenyl)acetamide
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed S.
Published: September 2024

An efficient protocol is reported for synthesizing arylidene adducts, pyridine
derivatives, in excellent yields by treating 2-cyano-N-(4-(1-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl) hydrazineylidene)
ethyl)phenyl)acetamide with quinoline-3-carbaldehydes, 2-arylidenemalononitriles,
and acetylacetone in EtOH, respectively. In addition, dithiadiazole and dithiophene
adducts were synthesized from one pot reaction using phenyl isothiocyanate, and either
hydrazonyl chloride or 2-bromo-1-(5-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl)ethan-1-one
in DMF containing potassium hydroxide. The structure of novel products was elucidated
using spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds were evaluated
for their antimicrobial activities. The compounds showed antibacterial and antifungal
activities against the tested G-ve and G+ve bacteria and against the tested fungi. The MIC
was mostly in the range of 100-500 μg/mL. Molecular docking was used to analyse interactions between the
compounds and antimicrobial target proteins. The molecular docking simulation showed lower binding energy
with different types of interaction at the active site of Sterol 14-demethylase of C. albicans, Fdc1 proteins of A.
niger, DNA Gyrase of E. coli, and LasR, an activator of exotoxin. An expression of P. aeruginosa indicates that
these compounds could inhibit the enzyme and cause promising antimicrobial effects.
Stem Cells as a Novel Source for Regenerative Medicinal Applications in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update
Authors: Pandey Kratika , Srivastava Priyanka , Pandey Swaroop Kumar , Johari Surabhi , Bhatnagar Priyanka , Sonane Madhavi , Mishra Anuja
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by loss of the neurons, excessive accumulation of misfolded Aβ and Tau
proteins, and degeneration of neural synapses, primarily occurring in the neocortex
and the hippocampus regions of the brain. AD Progression is marked by cognitive
deterioration, memory decline, disorientation, and loss of problem-solving skills, as
well as language. Due to limited comprehension of the factors contributing to AD and
its severity due to neuronal loss, even today, the medications approved by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not precisely efficient and curative. Stem
cells possess great potential in aiding AD due to their self-renewal, proliferation, and
differentiation properties. Stem cell therapy can aid by replacing the lost neurons,
enhancing neurogenesis, and providing an enriched environment to the pre-existing
neural cells. Stem cell therapy has provided us with promising results in regard to the
animal AD models, and even pre-clinical studies have shown rather positive results.
Cell replacement therapies are potential curative means to treat AD, and there are a
number of undergoing human clinical trials to make Stem Cell therapy accessible for
AD patients. In this review, we aim to discuss the AD pathophysiology and varied stem
cell types and their application.
Delineating the NOX-Mediated Promising Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Various Cardiovascular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Upadhyay Rohit Kumar , Kumar Kuldeep , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Singh Nirmal , Narang Rajiv , Parakh Neeraj , Yadav Mayank , Yadav Sangeeta , Kumar Sachin , Goyal Ahsas , Yadav Harlokesh Narayan
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are reported to occur with very high rates of incidence
and exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates across the globe. Therefore, research is focused
on searching for novel therapeutic targets involving multiple pathophysiological mechanisms.
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of various CVDs,
such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, ischemia-
reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Among multiple pathways generating reactive
oxygen species (ROS), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases of the
NOX family as the major source of ROS generation and plays an intricate role in the development
and progression of CVDs. Therefore, exploring the role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in
various cardiovascular pathologies has attracted attention to current cardiovascular research. Focusing
on NADPH oxidases to reduce oxidative stress in managing diverse CVDs may offer
unique therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat various heart conditions. The current review article
highlights the role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in the pathophysiology of various
CVDs. Moreover, the focus is also to emphasize different experimental studies that utilized various
NADPH oxidase isoform modulators to manage other disorders. The present review article
considers new avenues for researchers/scientists working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology
utilizing NADPH oxidase isoform modulators.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(1H)-one from Amine- Trichloroacetonitrile Adduct and Isatoic Anhydride
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh
Published: September 2024

A rapid and direct route for the new synthesis of various quinazolines-4 (1H)-ones with
appropriate yields through a three-component reaction consisting of the amine-trichloroacetonitrile
adduct and isatoic anhydride is a remarkable achievement in organic chemistry. The use of CuO as the
catalyst in DMF under reflux conditions at 110°C for 4 hours offers reaction conditions, which are
conducive to the formation of the desired products while maintaining good selectivity. The simplicity
of the one-pot synthesis and using the available raw materials contribute to the ease of purification of
the synthesized quinazolines-4 (1H)-ones, streamlining the overall synthetic process. The synthesized
product is often found in drugs and other bioactive molecules.
Evaluation of the Impact of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Oleo-gum Resin on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced Arthritis in a Wistar Rat Model
Authors: Toofan Mobina , Pour Pardis Mohammadi , Kiani Amir , Fakhri Sajad , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pistacia atlantica Desf., also known as Atlantic pistachio or Mt. Atlas mastic
tree, has been used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce
inflammation in conditions like arthritis. Additionally, the tree's resin possesses antioxidant properties
that can help protect against oxidative stress.
The anti-arthritic efficacy of Pistacia atlantica oleo-gum resin extract (PAG) remains unvalidated, as
its potential therapeutic benefits have not been substantiated. In the current investigation, we have
substantiated the inhibitory properties of the PAG in mitigating the development of rheumatoid arthritis
induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant in rats.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats weighing 160±10 g were subjected to immunization through intradermal
injection of 0.1 mL of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind metatarsal footpad. Following
the induction of adjuvant arthritis, oral administration of PAG was initiated at doses of 10,
400, and 800 mg/kg once a day. Prednisolone (10 mg/kg, daily) was employed as a positive control
in this study. Various parameters, including paw swelling, arthritic index, body weight loss, spleen
index, thymus index, serum cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and histological alterations, as well
as nitrite glutathione and catalase level, were measured. Furthermore, the expression and activity of
matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated.

Results:

PAG exhibited noteworthy efficacy in attenuating paw swelling and reducing the arthritic
index. Moreover, it resulted in enhanced body weight loss and a consequential reduction in the thymus
index. PAG (400mg/kg) significantly decreased the level of serum nitrite in the intervention
group, as well as the levels of serum glutathione. On the other hand, catalase activity increased, the
activity of MMP-9 decreased, and the level of MMP-2 increased compared to the intervention group.
The histopathological results revealed that PAG (at doses of 400 mg/kg) had the best therapeutic
effects.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the present study confirms the anti-arthritic activity of PAG in rats. The
extract of PAG was found to prevent rheumatoid arthritis induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant,
as evidenced by the significant suppression of paw swelling and arthritic index.
Mechanism of Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Research on Network Pharmacology & Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Wenya , Ma Hongting , Luo Jun , He Yanfeng
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of Trigonella foenumgraecum
L. (T. foenum-graecum) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

The TCSMP database was utilized to obtain the constituents and targets of T. foenumgraecum.
The OMIM database was used at GeneCard to acquire T2DM targets. The STRING database
was used to plot the PPI network. KEGG and GO analyses were performed using the DAVID
database. HepG2 cells were induced to construct an insulin resistance (IR) model by a complex composed
of glucose and oleic acid, and cell viability, inflammatory factors, and RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling
pathway were verified by in vitro cell experiments.

Results:

In the network pharmacology study, 14 active ingredients were screened, corresponding to
280 targets. There were 1477 targets associated with T2MD. These components may act on core
targets of T2DM, such as AKT1, TNF, and IL-6, and regulate signaling pathways such as cancer
pathway and AGE-RAGE to play an anti-T2DM role. In vitro results showed that quercetin and
kaempferol with 5, 10, 25 μmol·L-1 and diosgenin with 0.5, 1, 2 μmol·L-1 could reduce the expression
of TNF-α and IL-6 in IR-HepG2 cells, down-regulate the expression of RAGE, up-regulated the
expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt.

Conclusion:

The research explored the mechanism of T. foenum-graecum anti-T2DM, which may be
helpful for the development of anti-T2DM drugs for T. foenum-graecum.
The Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Couples' Relationship and Sexual Quality of Life Female: A Study from Iran
Authors: Rasekhjhroomi Athar , Ahmadi Zahra , Ranjbar Afsaneh , Rahmanian Vahid , adedi Parvin , mohamadi Solmaz , Jamali Safieh
Published: September 2024

Background:

The enduring COVID-19 pandemic has implications for the sexual wellbeing
of diverse populations, notably women. This worldwide emergency persists in affecting daily
routines of individuals, as research indicates that alterations in lifestyle and imposed limitations are
linked to mental health challenges.

Aim:

The objective of this research is to examine the interpersonal dynamics of couples and the
sexual well-being of women in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This cross-sectional research involved 395 female participants who utilized Google
Forms to complete online questionnaires in Iran from November 2022 to December 2022. The data
collection instruments comprised the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire, Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Relationship Rating Scale (RAS), and Fear of COVID-19
Scale. Statistical analyses employed in the study included independent t-test, one-way ANOVA,
Tukey post hoc test, and Univariate and Multiple linear regression.

Results:

The average age of female participants in the study was 31.97 years, with a standard deviation
of 9.04. The mean scores for sexual quality of life among women were 64.82 with a standard
deviation of 11.93, 18.28 with a standard deviation of 4.48 for DASS, 22.48 with a standard deviation
of 4.30 for RAS, and 12.88 with a standard deviation of 3.93 for fear of COVID-19 scale. Univariate
linear regression analysis indicated a significant association between the quality of sexual
life and fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.001), DASS (P = 0.001), and RAS (P = 0.007). The study found a
noteworthy and negative impact of fear related to COVID-19 and DASS on the sexual quality of
life of women (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The anxiety stemming from the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have repercussions on
the dynamics of romantic partnerships and the sexual well-being of women. Furthermore, the pandemic
is associated with heightened levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. It is recommended that
further research be undertaken to explore the mental health of women and its implications on their
sexual experiences in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis.
Molecular Docking and Dynamic Simulation Approach to Target Penicillin- Binding Protein 1B (LpoB) of Salmonella typhimurium with Flavonoids
Authors: Valathoor Mohammed Naveez , Venugopal Subhashree
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential constituent of
the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella typhimurium, and it plays a
crucial role by inducing disease in the host. Penicillin-binding protein 1B (LpoB) is a key enzyme
in the production of peptidoglycans, making it a potential target for the development of
new antimicrobials. Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant-derived chemicals with a wide
range of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial capabilities. The goal of this study
was to identify the potential flavonoid that inhibits the protein LpoB using computational approaches
and compare it with the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin.

Methods:

The study was carried out by selecting fifty flavonoids based on Lipinski’s rule of
five. Molecular docking was carried out for selected flavonoids and ciprofloxacin against the
LpoB protein using AutoDock 4. A 100 nanosecond molecular dynamic simulation was performed
for apoprotein, LpoB-fisetin, and LpoB-ciprofloxacin complexes, followed by free energy
calculation by Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA) solvation
analysis.

Results:

The docking results revealed that fisetin displayed five hydrogen bonds with a binding
affinity of -4.67 kcal/mol, and ciprofloxacin exhibited a binding affinity of -4.36 kcal/mol with
two hydrogen bonds. The apoprotein and fisetin complex remained stable throughout the 100
ns molecular dynamic simulation, while the ciprofloxacin complex lost its stability. The
MMGBSA analysis with fisetin showed better binding free energy compared to ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion:

The present study has emphasized the potential of flavonoids as probable candidates
that can inhibit the protein LpoB. The integration of molecular docking, dynamic simulations,
and MMGBSA analysis has provided significant insight into the thermodynamics and
binding interactions of the LpoB- fisetin complex, and it has enabled further experimental validations.
A Nondestructive and Rapid Method for the Determination of Triamterene Content by Transmission Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Yao Jing , Zhao Xuejia , Wang Jingjing , Cheng Ming , Jiang Yifei , Lian Xiaofang , Zhao Ting , Shan Guangzhi
Published: September 2024

Background:

Triamterene is a potassium-conserving diuretic mainly used in the treatment
of edematous diseases. Although there are some methods to measure the content of triamterene,
the existing methods have the characteristics of sample destructiveness and low flux, making
it difficult to meet the needs of online monitoring. In recent years, transmission Raman spectroscopy
(TRS), as a new technology for the determination of drug content, has emerged as being nondestructive
and rapid and provides a new method for the determination of triamterene content.

Objective:

In this study, we used transmission Raman spectroscopy combined with partial least
squares (PLS) approaches to establish a six concentration levels model for measuring the content of
triamterene. The model was applied to determine whether tablets are commercially available.

Methods:

Firstly, TRS was used to collect the spectra of the principal components and mixed excipients
of triamterene, and the feasibility test was carried out. Secondly, six concentration levels were
determined by the design of experimental (DOE), and hand-made tablets were prepared to obtain
corresponding spectra. The content prediction model was established by the PLS method, and the
content of triamterene was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to correct
the model. Finally, the model was applied to the determination of triamterene in commercially
available tablets.

Results:

The results showed that the established model was successfully applied to the determination
of triamterene. The values of RMSEC (0.0089783) and RMSECV (0.0097241) of the final
model were very low and close to each other. The relative error of 12 hand-made tablets predicted
by this model was less than 5% compared with the results determined by HPLC. In addition, in the
process of applying the model to the determination of the content of commercially available tablets,
the accuracy of the model can be significantly improved by adding the spectrum of commercially
available tablets. The corrected model was used to determine the content of triamterene in two
commercially available tablets. The results showed that the relative error was less than 5%.

Conclusion:

We described a new strategy to analyze the content of active pharmaceutical ingredients
(API) in triamterene tablets by TRS with PLS. The established model has the advantage of
non-destructive and rapid quantitation, which can provide a new method for real-time monitoring of
production lines and promote the development of process analytical technology (PAT).
A Review on Analytical Methods of Anti-fungal Agents used for the Treatment of Onychomycosis
Authors: Srinivasan Govindarajan , Asharani I.V.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Analytical methods have an essential function in the healthcare sector,
particularly when it emanates from the creation and approval of medications. These methods are
essential for identifying the active ingredients, ensuring the purity of compounds, and quantifying
the existence of any impurities or degradation products.

Objective:

The objective of the research article is to discuss an analytical method available for the
drug Onychomycosis, which is indeed crucial in treating nail infection, to confirm the efficacy
and quality of pharmaceutical products. Among various analytical techniques available, UV Spectroscopy,
RP-HPLC (high performance-liquid chromatography) and tandem mass spectrometry
are normally employed due to their speed and accuracy.

Methods:

Literature surveys typically reveal the predominance of UV, RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS
methods for estimating azole derivatives due to their established reliability, sensitivity, and applicability
to an extensive range of compounds. Researchers often select the most suitable method
based on factors such as sample complexity, sensitivity requirements, and available instrumentation.

Results:

This present art states most of the validation parameters like LOQ, Linearity range, Column
and mobile phase used in different dosage forms as well as versatile techniques.

Conclusion:

This review article provides a comprehensive evaluation of various analytical methods
employed in the estimation of antifungal agents, particularly those used to treat Onychomycosis.
Onychomycosis, a prevalent infection on nails caused by fungi, demands precise and accurate
analytical techniques to ensure the safety and effectiveness of antifungal therapies. In this review,
we discussed and compared a range of analytical technologies, highlighting their applications and
sensitivity in the context of Onychomycosis drug analysis. This critical assessment aims to guide
researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable methods for their specific analytical
needs.
Pioneering the Battle Against Breast Cancer: The Promise of New Bcl-2 Family
Authors: Boroujeni Ali Farhang , Ates-Alagoz Zeynep
Published: September 2024

Currently, breast cancer is the most common cancer type, accounting for 1 in every 4 cancer cases.
Leading both in mortality and incidence, breast cancer causes 1 in 4 cancer deaths. To decrease the burden of
breast cancer, novel therapeutic agents which target the key hallmarks of cancer, are being explored. The Bcl-2
family of proteins has a crucial role in governing cell death, making them an attractive target for cancer therapy.
As cancer chemotherapies lead to oncogenic stress, cancer cells upregulate the Bcl-2 family to overcome apoptosis,
leading to failure of treatment. To fix this issue, Bcl-2 family inhibitors, which can cause cell death, have
been introduced as novel therapeutic agents. Members of this group have shown promising results in in-vitro
studies, and some are currently in clinical trials. In this review, we will investigate Bcl-2 family inhibitors, which
are already in trials as monotherapy or combination therapy for breast cancer, and we will also highlight the result
of in vitro studies of novel Bcl-2 family inhibitors on breast cancer cells. The findings of these studies have yielded
encouraging outcomes regarding the identification of novel Bcl-2 family inhibitors. These compounds hold
significant potential as efficacious agents for employment in both monotherapy and combination therapy settings.
Advancements in Pyrazine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: A Comprehensive Review (2010-2024)
Authors: Alshahrani Mohammed Merae
Published: September 2024

Cancer, an intricate and formidable disease, continues to challenge Medical Science with its diverse
manifestations and relentless progression. In the pursuit of novel therapeutic strategies, organic heterocyclic compounds
have emerged as promising candidates due to their versatile chemical structures and intricate interactions
with biological systems. Among these, pyrazine derivatives are characterized by a six-membered aromatic ring
containing four carbon and two nitrogen atoms situated in a 1,4-orientation. These compounds garnered significant
attention for their potential as anticancer agents. This comprehensive review provides a detailed analysis of
the advancements made during this timeframe, encompassing the chemical diversity of pyrazine derivatives, their
mechanisms of action at the cellular level, and structure-activity relationships, spanning the years 2010 to 2024.
By examining their therapeutic potential, challenges, and future prospects, this review offers valuable insights
into the evolving landscape of pyrazine derivatives as potent tools in the fight against cancer.
Investigating the Efficacy of Various Natural Products in Raw Form against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Alanazi Hamad H. , Aldughmani Hussain Ali G. , Mazhari Bi Bi Zianab
Published: September 2024

Background:

The alarming increase in antibiotic resistance urges alternative and efficacious antimicrobial solutions. Historically, medicinal plants have been used for therapeu-tic purposes, such as relieving pain and healing wounds. However, the evaluation of the natural therapeutic effects of medicinal plants in a manner that resembles how humans typically con-sume them is lacking. Therefore, in this study, many medicinal plants known to have some antimicrobial effects, including Frankincense, Garlic, Myrrh, and Ginger, were evaluated for their direct antibacterial activity in raw form.

Materials and Methods:

The direct antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants was evaluated against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus), Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar well dif-fusion method and turbidity measurements in suspension culture.

Results:

Out of all the tested medicinal plants, only raw garlic (Allium sativum) powder, when dissolved in water or vinegar, offered a straightforward antibacterial activity. A combination of garlic extract and vinegar increased antibacterial activity. Aqueous garlic extracts displayed robust antimicrobial activity against many resistant bacteria. Other medicinal plants used in this study had absent or minimal antibacterial effects.

Conclusion:

Only garlic in its raw form was effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The increase in the antibacterial activity of garlic when combined with vinegar suggests the syner-gistic activity of garlic. The straightforward antibacterial action of raw garlic may be strategi-cally harnessed to combat the continuous challenge of increasing antibiotic resistance. This work promotes additional testing of more natural products (in raw form) and assesses their therapeutic effects clinically.

result:

Natural products in their raw form exhibit varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Raw Allium sativum (garlic) powder dissolved in water exhibited potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of resistant bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.
Hybrid Nanophotonic Graphene Systems: A Transformative Innovation for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Pandey Mandavi
Published: September 2024

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) offer non-invasive administration and sustained
drug release, enhancing patient compliance. However, the skin's natural barrier, particularly
the stratum corneum, limits the effectiveness of TDDS for high molecular weight and hydrophilic
substances. Innovations in material science, particularly hybrid nanophotonic graphene systems,
present promising solutions. Nanophotonics generate localized photothermal effects to create microchannels
in the skin, while graphene enhances permeability through its electrical and thermal
conductivity. Hybrid nanophotonic systems, such as photonic crystals, plasmonic nanoparticles,
metamaterials, quantum dots, nanowires, fiber optic nanosensors, and nanoantennas, offer precise
control and real-time monitoring for applications in cancer therapy, chronic pain management, targeted
drug delivery, and personalized medicine. This perspective examines the design, effectiveness,
biocompatibility, and clinical implications of these hybrid systems, highlighting their potential
to expand transdermal drug delivery and revolutionize treatment in personalized medicine. This particular
formulation holds patentability, as supported by product patents that highlight the advancements
in hybrid nanophotonic graphene systems for transdermal drug delivery.
Mutations in Rv0678, Rv2535c, and Rv1979c Confer Resistance to Bedaquiline in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Balgouthi Khaoula , AlMatar Manaf , Saghrouchni Hamza , Albarri Osman , Var Isil
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Reduced bedaquiline (BDQ) sensitivity to antimycobacterial drugs has been linked to mutations in the Rv0678, pepQ, and Rv1979c genes of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Resistance-causing mutations in MTB strains under treatment may have an impact on novel BDQ-based
medication regimens intended to reduce treatment time. Due to this, we investigated the genetic basis of BDQ resistance in Turkish TB patients
with MTB clinical isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the genes linked to efflux pumps were examined as a backup resistance mechanism.

Methods:

We scrutinized 100 MTB clinical isolates from TB patients using convenience sampling. Eighty MDR and twenty pan-drug susceptible MTB
strains were among these isolates. Sequencing was performed on all strains, and genomic analyses were performed to find mutations in BDQ
resistance-associated genes, including Rv0678 and pepQ(Rv2535c), which correspond to a putative Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase, and Rv1979c. Of the
74 isolates with PepQ (Rv2535c) mutations, four isolates (2.96%) exhibited MGIT-BDQ susceptibility.

Results:

Twenty-one (19.11%) of the ninety-one isolates carrying mutations, including Rv1979c, were MGIT-BDQ-sensitive. Nonetheless, out of the 39
isolates with Rv0678 mutations, four (2.96%) were sensitive to MGIT-BDQ. It was found that resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in Rv0678,
pepQ, and Rv1979c are often linked to BDQ resistance.

Conclusion:

In order to include variations in efflux pump genes in genome-based diagnostics for drug-resistant MTB, further evidence about their involvement
in resistance is needed.
Comparison of the Antianhedonic Effects of Repeated-dose Intravenous Ketamine in Older and Younger Adults with Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Zheng Wei , Gu Limei , Tan Jianqiang , Zhou Yanling , Wang Chengyu , Lan Xiaofeng , Zhang Bin , Li Zezhi , Ning Yuping
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

Growing evidence suggests that repeated-dose intravenous ketamine in patients
with depression had rapid antianhedonic effects. However, a comparison of the antianhedonic effects
of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine between younger adults and older depressed patients has not
been examined.

Methods:

To the best of my knowledge, this study with a total of 135 patients with major depressive
episodes (MDE) is the first to compare the antianhedonic effects between younger adult (n = 116) and
older (n = 19) depressed patients receiving six ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min). Montgomery-
Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was applied in this study to evaluate the clinical
symptoms, and MADRS anhedonia item scoring was used to evaluate anhedonia symptoms.

Results:

Patients received six open-label intravenous infusions of ketamine for 12 days. MADRS anhedonia
subscale scores decreased in both younger (3.3, 95% CI = 2.5-4.1, p < 0.05) and older (2.8,
95% CI = 1.1-4.6, p < 0.05) MDE patients at 4h after the first infusion compared to baseline scores
and the reduction was maintained over the subsequent infusion period in both groups (all Ps < 0.05).
Younger MDE patients had lower MADRS anhedonia subscale scores on day 26 compared with older
patients (P = 0.02). Compared with younger adult MDE patients, older patients had a lower antianhedonic
response (51.7% [95% CI = 42.5%-61.0%] versus 31.6% [95% CI = 8.6%-54.6%)] and remission
(24.1% [95% CI = 16.2%-32.0%] versus 0%).

Conclusion:

This study indicates that repeated-dose intravenous ketamine administration induces rapid
and robust antianhedonic effects in older MDE patients. However, older MDE patients displayed
less response to ketamine than younger adult MDE patients.
Brevibacillus sp. and Brevibacillin: Biosynthesis, Classification, Bioactivity, and Potential Applications
Authors: Meng Fanqiang , Lu Zhaoxin
Published: September 2024

The bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus, which forms spores, is found in
various environments, including soil, water, plants, and food. Parasporal crystals of B.
laterosporus are well known for their insecticidal properties against a wide range of
invertebrate pests. In the chapter, the isolation and identification of various
antimicrobials produced by B. laterosporus, such as lacterosporamine (C17H35N7O4),
Basiliskamide A and Basiliskamide B, Tostadin, Gramicidin A-C, Gramididin S,
Tyrocidine A-C, laterocidin, and Loloatin A-D, and the linear lipopeptides Bogorol AE, Brevibacillin were reviewed. Furthermore, their antimicrobial mechanism,
biosynthesis, and potential applications in food and agriculture were introduced.
Application of ε-poly-L-lysine in Improving Food Quality and Safety
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Wang Zichen , Tan Zhilei , Cui Jiandong , Jia Shiru
Published: September 2024

Each year, economic losses in the food industry due to spoilage of grain,
aquatic products and fruit are huge. People now express more concern about food
safety and nutrition, therefore, the need for green preservatives is also growing.
Epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), a cationic polyamino acid with 25–35 L-lysine residues,
possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biodegradable properties, resistance to
high temperature, and non-toxicity and can dissolve in water. So, it has been
extensively applied in the field of preservatives for foodstuffs, agriculture and
biomedicine. Thus, the chapter mainly focuses on the recent research on microbial
synthesis, production enhancement, and antimicrobial mechanism, as well as
improving food safety, its utilization in food packaging materials and agriculture of εPL .
Plant-Based Antimicrobials-Innovative Natural Food Preservatives
Authors: Xu Wenqing
Published: September 2024

Plant-based antimicrobials have been intensively studied in response to consumers’ need to reduce the use of synthetic chemical antimicrobials, as well as the global antibiotic resistance crisis. Bioactive compounds extracted from plants exert potential antimicrobial activities. In this chapter, recent research on their antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens in planktonic or biofilm state, antimicrobial mechanisms, their applications and limitations in food were reviewed. Additionally, the delivery methods for plant-based antimicrobials, including multi-hurdle, nanoemulsions, and edible coating/film technologies, were summarized. Lastly, the future research needs on plant-based antimicrobials were discussed.
Mujer, fotografía e historia
Authors:   Universidad de Palermo, Niedermaier Alajandra
Published: September 2024

Desde su aparición, la fotografía asiste a los procesos históricos por ser una forma de conocimiento y a su vez una categoría de pensamiento que construye y atraviesa el imaginario de una persona, de una sociedad y, en este caso, también de un género. Es así como este libro conforma una especie de palimpsesto de múltiples capas interconectadas, en el que cada elemento aporta un panorama global y un estudio de cómo la fotografía acompañó los procesos de constitución de las naciones latinoamericanas y, al mismo tiempo, cómo fue la amplia y activa participación de la mujer en esa construcción. El término historia comprende los hechos acontecidos pero también su narración. La intención es, por tanto, restituir a las mujeres en la historia del medio, reconocer su participación en la historia política y económica de los países reseñados y dar a conocer sus semblanzas. Cabe destacar las similitudes que se hallaron, en parte por los usos y costumbres que se perfilaron en el empleo del dispositivo fotográfico, pero también porque conformaron biografías tanto individuales, locales y nacionales como latinoamericanas.
Oral Cancer Incidence Among Adult Males With Current or Former Use of Cigarettes or Smokeless Tobacco: Population-Based Study
Authors: Noggle Brendan , Cheng Hui , Sarkar Mohamadi
Published: September 2024

Background

Tobacco use has been identified as a risk factor for oral cancer worldwide. However, relative oral cancer incidence among adults who smoke cigarettes, use smokeless tobacco products (ST), have transitioned from cigarettes to ST, quit cigarettes and/or ST (“quitters”), or never used tobacco has not been well studied.

Objective

We aim to present population-based oral cancer incidence rates for adults who smoke cigarettes, use ST, are former smokers who now use ST, or quit.

Methods

We estimated cross-sectional incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using data from statewide cancer registries (Colorado, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas) and population counts derived from national surveys using combined data from 2014‐2017. A random-effect meta-analysis approach was used to summarize estimates among these groups, based on multiple imputation-based IRR estimates by state and age group while considering potential heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 19,536 oral cancer cases were identified among adult males 35 years and older in the study geographies and period. The oral cancer incidence rate among adults who smoke was significantly higher than the ST group (2.6 times higher, 95% CI 2.0‐3.3, P<.001), 3.6 (95% CI 3.2‐4.1, P<.001) times higher than the never users, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.8‐3.1, P<.001) times higher compared to former smokers who now use ST. The IRR among the ST group relative to never users was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1‐1.9, P=.02). The IRR between former smokers who now use ST and those who quit was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0‐2.1, P=.08).

Conclusions

Findings from this population-based study with a large number of oral cancer cases support significantly high oral cancer incidence among adults who smoke and a lower risk of oral cancer incidence among never users, quitters, users of ST, and former smokers who now use ST compared to cigarettes. Future studies with detailed control of tobacco history and other relevant confounders are needed to confirm these findings.