bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single observer speed sensorless field weakening control of two parallel motors
Authors: Suprajitno Agus , Yusivar Feri , Halim Abdul
Published: October 2024

Two induction motors with parallel connected stator windings supplied by a single inverter (single observer) with a field weakening control system. The objective of this study is to propose a torque production speed sensorless vector control technique for each parallel connected rotor by adding field weakening control to improve the performance of each motor and reducing the number of adaptive observers on each motor to a single observer. Design of a rotor flux-oriented control (RFOC) system. Simulation results with the C-MEX S-function of MATLAB/Simulink 2015b show that the proposed method works better and can be operated at speeds that exceed the nominal speed of the motor.
Study of roundwood sorting on the simulation model of longitudinal chain conveyor
Authors: Sarbassova Nurbanu , Umurzakova Anara , Kladiev Sergey
Published: October 2024

When sorting roundwood on chain longitudinal conveyors of considerable length, there is an error in moving the selected roundwood assortment to the place of discharge into the accumulator, which increases in proportion to the length of the sorting line. Currently, conveyors of limited length are used. The accumulators are located on both sides of the conveyor. This reduces the transportation error. Sometimes the sorting yard does not allow placing a short conveyor on it or there is a considerable amount of assortments. In this case, it is necessary to use a conveyor of considerable length. The paper proposes a new method of sorting roundwood on longitudinal chain conveyors of considerable length. This reduces the tracking error of the assortment movement. Angular displacement sensors of the leading and driven sprockets of the closed plate chain of the sorting conveyor are used as sensors of angular displacements. The shafts of both sensors are mechanically connected to the shafts of the driving and driven sprockets, respectively. The results of simulation modeling of the sorting control system with complex mechanical system confirmed the possibility of practical application of the proposed method to reduce the tracking error of the sorted cargo. The results of the study confirm the possibility of practical application of the device for operation on longitudinal conveyors.
The LLCL filter-based synchronverter with adaptive fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Tran Tan Thien , Phan Quoc Dung , Nguyen Bao Anh , Yew Weng Kean
Published: October 2024

Global warming has emerged as a significant issue, primarily due to the use of fossil fuels for power generation. Renewable energy adoption has surged. However, stability issues arise when integrating the primary source and inertia-less nature of converter-interfaced renewable energy sources (RESs) into the traditional power system, due to its intermittent and uncertain nature. The proposed solution involves controlling converter-interfaced RES to emulate the characteristics of a conventional synchronous generator (SG), commonly known as a virtual synchronous generator or synchronverter. As it fundamentally functions as a power converter, it is crucial to consider the appropriate filter design for the synchronverter. Additionally, by emulating the characteristics of SG, the values of “virtual” inertia and droop coefficients must be chosen accurately to provide a robust response under different operating scenarios of the synchronverter. Hence, this paper proposes a novel LLCL filter-based synchronverter system along with an adaptive control strategy using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The system is simulated under different operating scenarios in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system demonstrated improved frequency response and reduced total harmonic distortion compared to the conventional synchronverter model for all the different operating scenarios, thus enhancing grid stability and power quality.
Modelling of Harris Hawks optimization with deep learning-assisted microgrid energy management approach
Authors: Sivaraman Kamalakkannan , Nandhagopal Kamalakannan , Geethamahalakshmi G. , Balasubramaniam Ravisankar , Kaliappan E. , Alluri Amarendra
Published: October 2024

Microgrid (MG) is a potential decentralized energy distribution and generation technology that is resilient, reliable, and efficient. This small-scale power system is reliable and resilient since it connects to the grid or runs independently. Renewable energy is difficult to integrate into MG due to variable load and unreliable electricity. MG operation relies on an energy management system (EMS) to balance electricity demand and supply, reduce operational costs, and maximize renewable energy use. Intelligent control systems, optimization methods, and machine learning algorithms were used for MG EMS. The Harris Hawks optimization with deep learning-assisted microgrid energy management (HHODL-MGEM) technique is developed in this work. HHODL-MGEM comprises two main stages. In the first step, the HHODL-MGEM approach uses the Harris Hawks optimization or HHO algorithm to meet load power demands at a low cost while maintaining DC bus voltage and protecting the battery from overcharging and depletion. In the second step, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks can predict power costs. The HHODL-MGEM approach is evaluated using multiple methods. The experimental results showed that HHODL-MGEM outperforms other methods.
Active balancing charging using ANFIS to reach longest lifetime for lithium ion
Authors: Murdianto Farid Dwi , Sudiharto Indhana , Andraeni Azzahra Farah
Published: October 2024

This research aims to address challenges in efficient energy storage in electric vehicles, particularly those using lithium-ion batteries. The research focuses on voltage imbalances in battery packs with cells connected in series, which can reduce the battery pack's lifespan. We investigated active balancing charging methods using bidirectional fly-back converters in both pack-to-cell and cell-to-pack modes. Current charging methods face limitations such as prolonged balancing times, circuit complexity, and low efficiency. To overcome these challenges, this research proposes integrating an artificial intelligence approach using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control. This approach allows for dynamic adjustment of duty cycles, expediting the balancing process. Experimental results show that employing ANFIS control can significantly reduce balancing times. In pack-to-cell mode, balancing time decreased from 660 seconds to 600 seconds, while in cell-to-pack mode, it decreased from 660 seconds to 580 seconds. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of more efficient charging technology for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Its potential implications include improved battery lifespan and electric vehicle performance in the future.
Five-level transformerless inverter with reduced voltage stress on components
Authors: Venkatesan Rattan Kumar , Lakshmikanthan Chitra
Published: October 2024

Leakage current flow is an important issue of transformerless (TL) inverters due to the absence of galvanic isolation between the source and grid sides in grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This article proposes a five-level (5L) TL direct ground point (DGP) type inverter employing two switched capacitors (SCs). The DGP configuration shares a common ground point for the PV negative terminal with grid neutral, thereby completely suppressing the leakage current. The employed semiconductors endure maximum voltage stress equivalent to the input voltage, while the switched capacitors (SCs) are rated at only half of the input voltage. This significantly reduces both the size and cost of the inverter. In addition, it uses reduced power components and has a lower total standing voltage per unit among the recent same art of topologies. A detailed comparison to show the merits of the proposed inverter is presented. Simulations and experiments were conducted at a 1 kW output power level in stand-alone as well as grid-connected mode to validate the feasibility of the proposed inverter.
A new hybrid LED driver
Authors: Sagi Orazbayev , Erlan Dzhunusbekov
Published: October 2024

The ongoing challenge in light-emitting diode (LED) lighting is to integrate power and control circuits into a single chip to reduce the number and cost of components, minimize size, and enhance reliability. This integration requires a reduction in power dissipation on the chip, improved efficiency, and smaller magnetic components. Recently, hybrid LED drivers have been proposed to address this integration challenge. Unlike traditional transformerless single-stage LED drivers, which implement boost or buck topologies, hybrid drivers reduce pulsed voltage on power semiconductors. The proposed hybrid LED driver aims to prevent power switches from hard switching, which in turn reduces metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSFETs' overheating in the integrated circuit body, increases the reliability of the chip, and alleviates electromagnetic interference or EMI issues. The proposed improvement to the hybrid driver is analyzed. The control method was suggested. Computer modelling was provided to confirm the feasibility, controllability and resulting advantages of the proposal. The proposed hybrid LED driver is attractive for circuit integration to reduce size and cost compared to the achievements of previous art.
Self-adaptability parallel active filter to load variations study
Authors: Derrouazin Ahmed , Moussa Mohamed Ali , Mokhtari Bachir
Published: October 2024

Due to the increasing use of power electronics equipment, the quality of energy in the electrical network is deteriorating sharply. Indeed, this equipment consumes non-sinusoidal currents, even if they are powered by a sinusoidal voltage, and behaves like generators of harmonic currents. To "clean up" the network, there are several means, among them; the parallel active filter (PAF) which is the most used means because it has proven its effectiveness for the elimination of harmonics caused by a non-linear load. However, this PAF must prove its effectiveness constantly, because the unexpected variation of the loads supplied by the electrical network can call into question its effectiveness. The main objective of this work is to confirming that PAF is a permanent filter and adapts automatically and instantaneously to any load. For this, several simulation tests were carried out under MATLAB/Simulink. The results obtained are very satisfactory, as they confirmed the robustness and self-adaptability of the filter with respect to the sudden variation in loads, the tests carried out on the PAF also show us that the response of the filter is done almost in real time.
Analyzing the efficacy of LMS-based control algorithms in enhancing power quality in three-phase grid-connected systems
Authors: Yousfi Abdelkader , Bot Youcef , Mehedi Fayçal
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a novel method for controlling shunt active power filters (SAPFs) to improve network efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in the utility sector. It addresses the problem of current harmonics degrading system performance by employing reference current generation based on the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, it decomposes distorted current into fundamental active, fundamental reactive and harmonic components. Traditionally, LMS implementations suffer from poor dynamic response due to uniform learning rates. To overcome this, the method adjusts the learning rates for fundamental active and reactive components separately, improving dynamic response and reducing computational complexity. Extensive analysis validates the effectiveness of this approach under various conditions, demonstrating its superiority in enhancing system performance and reducing carbon emissions in electrical networks.
Adaptive fuzzy PID integrated renewable power management system for off grid and on grid conditions
Authors: Gopu Veeranjaneyulu , Nagaraj Mudakapla Shadaksharappa
Published: October 2024

Renewable source penetration into the distribution grid is merely a greater challenge as the powers from renewable sources are not stable and constant. Due to their sporadic operating states the power shared to the grid creates power quality issues. Therefore, an efficient adaptive PMA needs to be adopted for the control of these renewable sources, which controls the power extraction of these sources. For standard power sharing to the variable loads in the grid islanding state, the renewable sources are updated with the ESS module. In this paper, a low-rating distribution test system is considered connected with different renewable sources PV sources, wind farms, and fuel cell plants sharing renewable power. The PV source module is updated with AF-PID replacing the PI controller integrated PMA and ESS module for extensive control of the power of the generation unit during any operating condition. The DC and AC voltages are more stabilized by the upgraded PMA during grid islanding conditions. Mitigation of ripple and harmonic content is achieved by the AF-PID controller varying the proportional, integral, and derivative gains as per the error signal generated. A comparative analysis is carried out on the system validating the effectiveness of the AF-PID controller using MATLAB Simulink software.
Fault diagnosis decentralized of manufacturing systems using Boolean models
Authors: Slimane Hireche , Habbab Mohamed , Hazzab Abdeldjebar , Moussaoui Ahmed Khalil , Chandra Ambrish , Gouabi Hicham , Abdellah Alhachemi Moulay
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces an approach decentralized to fault detection and isolation (FDI) in manufacturing systems using a Boolean discrete event model. The method incorporates diverse information sources to create distinct models for plant systems and control. The objective is to enhance the understanding of process operations by employing various representation tools tailored to each information source. It is to reduce the number of explosion problems combinatorial and detect faults in the shortest possible time. This comprehensive representation facilitates the fulfillment of three crucial diagnosis functions: detection, localization, and identification. The approach involves Boolean modeling of each process actuator along with its corresponding sensors, a temporal model based on fuzzy expectations of event occurrences, and a set of if...then rules. The goal of this decentralized approach minimize both the complexity and the manual construction effort required for the model. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach through an illustrative example involving manufacturing systems.
Through the Lens of Accountability: Body-Worn Cameras in Police Operations at Pampanga Police Provincial Office
Authors: Mercado Hamilton A.
Published: October 2024

This study evaluates the compliance of the Pampanga Provincial Police Office with the use of body-worn cameras and alternative recording devices during police operations in the province Pampanga and examines the severity of problems encountered in their use. Specifically, it assesses compliance in terms of procedural fairness, police performance, data protocols, privacy concerns, and camera benefit while investigating the relationship between compliance levels and encountered problems. It hypothesizes that higher compliance levels are associated with fewer operational problems and that certain areas, such as data protocols and privacy, may present greater challenges. A descriptive correlational design was used, employing structured questionnaires to gather data from 200 respondents, including police officers and community members. Key findings indicate a very high compliance level in using Body-Worn Cameras and Alternative Recording Devices (Mean = 3.49), but also highlight significant challenges, with an overall severity rating of problems as high (Mean = 2.81). Correlational analysis suggests a moderate positive relationship between perceived compliance and the severity of problems faced. The study recommends tailored training, procedural adjustments, and improved data management and privacy measures to address these challenges. Limitations of the study include potential biases in respondent perceptions and constraints in generalizing findings to other regions. Policymakers are urged to enhance transparency, accountability, and public trust in police practices to foster a safer community environment in Pampanga Province.
Students’ Difficulties in English 7 Lessons: Inputs for Task-Based Supplementary E-Learning Materials Development and Evaluation
Authors: Enriquez Jovy
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to determine the five most difficult learning competencies in English 7 which served as basis in developing and evaluating task-based supplementary e-learning materials for the Grade 7 students of Sto. Niño National High School, Division of Marikina City during the school year 2022-2023.
The descriptive method of research was used with the achievement test and the survey questionnaire as the data gathering instruments. The sources of data were 43 Grade 7 students who took the achievement test, five English teacher experts who validated the questionnaire, 15 English teachers, and 12 English expert respondents from the different public schools in Marikina City, Pasig City, Antipolo City, and Rizal Province. The statistical tools used to treat the data were ranking, weighted mean, and t test.
Strengthening TINA: Using Pugh Matrix and Kano Analysis to Improve Its Design Threshold and Performance Criteria
Authors: Almaden Antoniette M. , Pantinople James D. , Ferrer Lovenia M. , Forrosuelo Laizame L. , Bongcales Anthony Dave C. , Bastida Ralph Warren P. , Cabanlit Cheradee Ann M.
Published: October 2024

Amidst the pandemic, the Teknoy-Inquiry Assistant (TINA) system was created to accommodate student institution–related questions while following the restrictions implemented by the government. Due to the rushed design, users experience untimely response problems when using the service. The research aims to investigate and propose improvements to the TINA system for the sustainability of the service. The researchers focused on the turn-around time for the replies to the questions in the TINA system. To further justify the importance of addressing the turn-around time of replies, the researchers also investigated the meaningful relationship between student satisfaction and response time. The researchers addressed and resolved the reply time using Kano Analysis. The research also used purposive sampling, using researcher-made survey questionnaires to find the relationship between student satisfaction and the timeliness of replies. With the help of the Pearson correlation coefficient, the researcher found a positive correlation between student satisfaction and reply time, with a positive correlation value of 0.4090. Since a positive correlation is found between student satisfaction and reply time, improving the turn-around time of reply certainly increases student satisfaction. Therefore, to improve TINA, the researchers advocate implementing its Artificial Intelligence Chatbot version to improve reply time. The research is the first to contribute to the Field of Technology and University Services within the local context since it may give practical suggestions on properly creating an Inquiry Assistant System among regional universities.
Early ultra-processed foods consumption and hyperactivity/inattention in adolescence
Authors: Campagnolo Paula Dal Bo , Marin Angela Helena , Vitolo Marcia Regina , Ferreira Ricardo Campos
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between childhood consumption of ultra-processed foods and symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention in adolescents from São Leopoldo, a city in southern Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected at four distinct stages: when participants were 12-16 months old in 2001 and 2002 and later when they were 3–4, 7–8, and 12–13 years old. During the interview at 12–16 months, mothers were asked about the introduction of sugar in their child’s diet. Two 24-hour recall surveys were conducted with children aged 3–4, 7–8, and 12–13 years to assess their consumption of ultra-processed foods. At the age of 12–13 years, the participants completed the Hyperactivity/Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which screens for mental health problems. RESULTS: Among the 173 adolescents, 22.5% exhibited hyperactivity symptoms. The consumption of ultra-processed foods in grams, kilocalories, and as a percentage of energy intake at 3-4 years old were found to be predictors of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms (RR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69–0.95; RR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02; RR: 1.02, 95%CI:1.01–1.02; RR: 1.25, 95%CI:1.04–1.51, respectively). CONCLUSION: The consumption of ultra-processed foods at an early age was associated with hyperactivity and inattention symptoms in adolescence.
Updating trends in sweetened beverages consumption in Brazil from 2007 to 2021
Authors: Silva Luiza Eunice Sá da , Caldeira Thaís Cristina Marquezine , Sousa Taciana Maia , Claro Rafael Moreira
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend of sweetened beverages consumption among Brazilian adults in 26 capitals and the Federal District, from 2007 to 2021, with focus on the most recent period (2015 to 2021). METHODS: Data from the Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel - Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey)were used to conduct a time-series analysis (n = 731,683). The prevalence of regular consumption (five or more days/week), average daily consumption (milliliters) and nonconsumption of sweetened beverages were analyzed. Prais-Winsten regres-sion models were used to calculate temporal trends of the indicators for the complete set of the evaluated population and by sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age group, schooling and development level of the geographic region of residence). RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2021, a reduction in the prevalence of regular consumption (-1.23 pp/year) and daily average consumption (-8.62 milliliters/year) of sweetened beverages was observed. However, between 2015 and 2021, this downward trend did not continue. The preva-lence of adults who reported not consuming sweetened beverages increased (1.14 pp/year, for 2007–21), although this trend was not significant in the most recent period. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of sweetened beverages among Brazilian adults decreased in the 15 years studied. However, this reduction was not observed more recently, suggesting that further actions must be adopted in the country so that the trend observed in the total period is maintained.
Tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, 2020–2022
Authors: Prado Nília Maria de Brito Lima , Santos Adriano Maia dos , Lima Elvira Caires de , Trindade Emmanuel Santos , Oliveira Esly Rebeca Amaral , Santos Hebert Luan Pereira Campos dos , Cordeiro Marcos Vinicius da Silva , Oliveira Rian Silva de
Published: October 2024

OBJETIVO: Analisar a incompletude e a tendência da incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito, no Brasil, no período entre abril de 2020 e abril de 2022. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre a incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil, suas macrorregiões e Unidades Federativas (UF), pela regressão por joinpoint, cálculo da Monthly Percent Change (MPC) e Average Monthly Percent Change (AMPC), a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). RESULTADOS: A incompletude da variável raça/cor nas internações por covid-19 cujo desfecho foi óbito no Brasil foi 25,85%, considerada ruim. Todas as regiões do país tiveram grau de incompletude ruim, exceto a Região Sul, considerada regular. No período analisado, a análise jointpoint revelou tendência de estabilidade na incompletude da variável raça/cor no Brasil (AMPC = 0,54; IC95% -0,64 a 1,74; p = 0,37) e nas regiões Sudeste (AMPC = -0,61; IC95% -3,36 a 2,22; p = 0,67) e Norte (AMPC = 3,74; IC95% -0,14 a 7,78; p = 0,06). As regiões Sul (AMPC = 5,49; IC95% 2,94 a 8,11; p = 0,00002) e Nordeste (AMPC = 2,50; IC95% 0,77 a 4,25; p = 0,005) apresentaram crescimento na tendência da incompletude, enquanto a Região Centro-Oeste (AMPC = -2,91; IC95% -5,26 a -0,51; p = 0,02) teve tendência de redução. CONCLUSÃO: A proporção de preenchimento ruim e a tendência de estabilidade da incompletude revelam que não houve melhoria na qualidade de preenchimento da variável raça/cor durante o período da pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil, fato que pode ter ampliado as iniquidades em saúde para população negra e dificultado o planejamento de ações estratégias para essa população, considerando o contexto pandêmico. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de fomentar a discussão sobre o tema, tendo em vista que a incompletude dos sistemas de informação em saúde amplia desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde e compromete a qualidade dos dados em saúde.
Development of a machine learning modelto estimate length of stay in coronaryartery bypass grafting
Authors: Couto Renato Camargos , Pedrosa Tania , Seara Luciana Moreira , Couto Vitor Seara , Couto Carolina Seara
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a predictive model utilizing machine-learning techniques for estimating the length of hospital stay among patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting.METHODS: Three machine learning models (random forest, extreme gradient boosting and neural networks) and three traditional regression models (Poisson regression, linear regression, negative binomial regression) were trained in a dataset of 9,584 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2017 and December 2021. The data were collected from hospital discharges from 133 centers in Brazil. Algorithms were ranked by calculating the root mean squared logarithmic error (RMSLE). The top performing algorithm was validated in a never-before-seen database of 2,627 patients. We also developed a model with the top ten variables to improve usability.RESULTS: The random forest technique produced the model with the lowest error. The RMLSE was 0.412 (95%CI 0.405–0.419) on the training dataset and 0.454 (95%CI 0.441–0.468) on the validation dataset. Non-elective surgery, admission to a public hospital, heart failure, and age had the greatest impact on length of hospital stay.CONCLUSIONS: The predictive model can be used to generate length of hospital stay indices that could be used as markers of efficiency and identify patients with the potential for prolonged hospitalization, helping the institution in managing beds, scheduling surgeries, and allocating resources.
Treatment of Unruptured Small and Medium‐Sized Wide Necked Aneurysms Using the 64‐Wire Surpass Evolve: A Subanalysis From the SEASE International Registry
Authors: Dibas Mahmoud , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Lopes Demetrius K. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Rodriguez‐Calienes Aaron , Cortez Gustavo M. , Fifi Johanna T. , Devarajan Alex , Toth Gabor , Patterson Thomas E. , Altschul David , Pereira Vitor M. , Liu Xiao Y. E. , Puri Ajit S. , Kühn Anna L. , Guerrero Waldo R. , Khandelwal Priyank , Bach Ivo , Kan Peter T. , Edhayan Gautam , Martinez‐Galdamez Mario , Given Curtis , Gross Bradley A. , Narayanan Sandra , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Derakhshani Shahram , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago
Published: October 2024

Background

Flow diversion has revolutionized the management of wide‐necked intracranial aneurysms (IAs). We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of the new generation 64‐wire Surpass Evolve for the treatment of unruptured small/medium‐sized IAs.

Methods and Results

This is a subanalysis from the SEASE (Safety and Effectiveness Assessment of the Surpass Evolve) registry, an observational cohort study including 15 academic institutions in North America and Europe between July 2020 and October 2022. Patients with wide‐necked saccular IAs, measuring <12 mm along the internal carotid artery and vertebrobasilar system, and treated with the Surpass Evolve were included. Primary effectiveness was complete occlusion (Raymond‐Roy class 1) at follow‐up (core laboratory adjudicated), and primary safety was major stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) in the territory supplied by the target artery or death. A total of 129 cases with 135 IAs were included (median age 59 years, 85.3% women). Median maximum IAs size and neck size were 5.1 and 3.9 mm, respectively. Most IAs were in the internal carotid artery C6 (65.9%, 89/135) and C7 (14.1%, 19/135) segments. At a median follow‐up time of 10.2 months (interquartile range, 6.4–12.8), complete occlusion was 77.1% (101/131), ≥50% in‐stent stenosis was 8.8% (11/125), and retreatment was 0.8% (1/125). Major stroke and mortality were reported in 2 (1.6%) patients and 1 (0.8%) patient, respectively. Size was the only factor associated with higher odds of incomplete occlusion (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.02–1.5];
P
=0.03).

Conclusions

Patients with small/medium‐sized IAs can be effectively treated using the Surpass Evolve, a new generation, 64‐wire, cobalt‐chromium flow diverter.
Automated Extraction of Stroke Severity From Unstructured Electronic Health Records Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Fernandes Marta , Westover M. Brandon , Singhal Aneesh B. , Zafar Sahar F.
Published: October 2024

Background

Multicenter electronic health records can support quality improvement and comparative effectiveness research in stroke. However, limitations of electronic health record–based research include challenges in abstracting key clinical variables, including stroke severity, along with missing data. We developed a natural language processing model that reads electronic health record notes to directly extract the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score when documented and predict the score from clinical documentation when missing.

Methods and Results

The study included notes from patients with acute stroke (aged ≥18 years) admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital (2015–2022). The Massachusetts General Hospital data were divided into training/holdout test (70%/30%) sets. We developed a 2‐stage model to predict the admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, obtained from the GWTG (Get With The Guidelines) stroke registry. We trained a model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. For test notes with documented National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, scores were extracted using regular expressions (stage 1); when not documented, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for prediction (stage 2). The 2‐stage model was tested on the holdout test set and validated in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (2001–2012) version 1.4, using root mean squared error and Spearman correlation. We included 4163 patients (Massachusetts General Hospital, 3876; Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care, 287); average age, 69 (SD, 15) years; 53% men, and 72% White individuals. The model achieved a root mean squared error of 2.89 (95% CI, 2.62–3.19) and Spearman correlation of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.91–0.93) in the Massachusetts General Hospital test set, and 2.20 (95% CI, 1.69–2.66) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.97) in the MIMIC validation set, respectively.

Conclusions

The automatic natural language processing–based model can enable large‐scale stroke severity phenotyping from the electronic health record and support real‐world quality improvement and comparative effectiveness studies in stroke.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Adults From 1990 to 2021: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Wang Haomiao , Lin Jinxin , Wang Long , Zhang Xuyang , Zhou Tengyuan , Zhang Chao , Zhang Shuixian , Hu Rong
Published: October 2024

Background

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adults demands greater attention, given its poor prognosis; however, there has been a paucity of epidemiological data. The objective of this study is to estimate the temporal trends and distribution characteristics of the disease burden in 204 countries or territories between 1990 and 2021.

Methods and Results

The data, including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) rates were sourced from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021. From 1990 to 2021, there was a significant decline in the global incidence (estimated annual percentage change=−1.05), mortality (estimated annual percentage change=−0.92), and DALY (estimated annual percentage change=−1.00) rates of ICH in young adults. In 2021, the highest incidence, mortality, and DALY rates were observed in Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania. Globally, high systolic blood pressure, smoking, and ambient particulate matter pollution were identified as the primary contributors to the largest proportion of DALYs associated with ICH in young adults. The health inequality of ICH in young adults has been reduced over the past 3 decades.

Conclusions

There is a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the global burden of ICH in young adults. A decline in the incidence, mortality, prevalence, and DALY rates has been observed from 1990 to 2021, however, the number of absolute cases has increased. These results will enable health care professionals, policymakers, and researchers to refine the implementation of cost‐effective policies, the allocation of health care resources, and the management of patients to further mitigate the burden of ICH in young adults.
Conceptualizing the Turkish Revolution in the Longue Durée
Authors: Gürcan Efe Can , Yurtçiçek Serdar , Özyiğit Suat Eren , Demircan Necati
Published: October 2024

Through a combination of the methods of theoretical review and historical-narrative analysis, this study seeks to unveil the main catalysts of the Turkish Revolution by addressing its structural and subjective dynamics in tandem. The literature lacks a theoretically-guided and systematic study of the Turkish Revolution, which marked its centenary in 2023—a significant gap that this paper seeks to fill. The article also contributes to the broader field of revolution studies by presenting an integrated framework that transcends the current fragmented state of prevailing theories. Based on a critical synthesis of revolution theories, the first part of our empirical analysis focuses on the structural dynamics underpinning the Turkish Revolution, with special emphasis on two chief factors: administrative and socio-economic breakdown. Demonstrating that the mere existence of class-structural strains and mass grievances does not automatically trigger revolutionary action, the second part reveals how the Revolution unfolded through a convergence of mediating factors associated with collective agency, namely leadership and ideational dynamics.
Introduction: Studying Work Regulation Processes Beyond the Formal/Informal Divide
Authors: Rubbers Benjamin
Published: October 2024

This introduction provides an outline of what an approach to work regulation processes beyond the formal/informal divide might look like. The first section briefly reviews the different approaches to informal economies that have been developed since the early 1970s. The second section takes a step back from this literature to draw attention to the intellectual and political weaknesses of the concept of informal economy. Building on this critique, the third section proposes avenues for studying work regulation processes beyond the formal/informal divide. To conclude, the fourth section highlights the contributions that the articles of this special issue bring to the analysis of work regulation and labour dynamics in Africa.
Improvement of curing efficiency and heat resistance of CFRP by the growth of SiCNWs on CF
Authors: Li Binbin , Liu Qianli , Cao Liangliang , Gao Jingmin
Published: October 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites are widely used in modern industry. However, poor heat transfer between layers of carbon fiber cloth during the curing process leading to poor curing of the substrate, long curing cycles, and excessive heat accumulation has become an urgent problem to be solved. A common approach is dispersing highly thermally conductive fillers in the polymer matrix to improve the curing efficiency of the composites. Different from adding fillers, we report a novel method of in situ growth of SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) on the surface of carbon fiber (CF) by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and study the effects of CVD deposition time on curing efficiency and thermal stability of the composites. The results indicate that the nano bridge effect of SiCNWs significantly improves the curing efficiency of the composites. Compared with pure CF/epoxy composites, the curing efficiency can be increased by 38.72%. The cross-linking point between SiCNWs and the resin matrix enhances the thermal stability of the composites and increases the heat resistance index ( T HRI) by 8.4°C.
Investigating the Complexity of Cultural Identities in Globalizing Societies
Authors: Ozer Simon , Gamsakhurdia Vladimer Lado , Schwartz Seth J.
Published: October 2024

Cultural identity has become increasingly important and complex within many contemporary globalized societies. Consequently, methodological development is needed to expand our conceptualization and measurement of (a) the formation and experiences of multiple nested cultural identities and (b) how such identities relate to psychosocial functioning. In the preregistered and experimental quantitative phase (Study 1), Danish participants ( n = 308) were divided into three subsamples completely at random and exposed to various priming regarding global events (i.e., COVID-19, war in Ukraine, or a control prompt not related to current events). Danish, European, and global cultural identities were all highly endorsed across our sample, and global identity was enhanced by priming related to the war in Ukraine as compared with the other two priming conditions. Danish cultural identity was positively associated with well-being (self-esteem and life satisfaction) both directly and indirectly through self-concept clarity, whereas European identity was negatively associated with self-concept clarity, and global identity was positively associated with self-esteem. In the qualitative phase (Study 2), with a selected subsample of the Study 1 sample ( n = 5), we conducted in-depth semistructured interviews to explore the experience of sociohistorically embedded cultural identities (i.e., shaped by a complex interplay of culture, language, and social practices) within the globalized context of Denmark. Results highlight ideographic understandings of cultural identities and how these identities are politically embedded and shaped through intercultural experiences and events. These results are discussed in terms of how multi-method approaches can enhance our understanding of contemporary complex cultural identities.
Small Nucleolar RNAs in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Duan C. , Abola Y. , Zhao J. , Wang Y.
Published: October 2024

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), a distinct class of noncoding RNAs, encompass highly diverse structures and have a range of 60 to 300 nucleotides in length. About 90% of human snoRNAs are intronic and embedded within introns of their host gene transcripts. Most snoRNAs enriched in specific tissue correlate in abundance with their parental host genes. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the discovery of dysregulated snoRNA expression in numerous human malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hundreds of differentially expressed snoRNAs have been identified in HNSCC tissues. Among 1,524 snoRNA genes in a 567 HNSCC cohort, 113 snoRNAs were found to be survival related. As for snoRNA’s roles in HNSCC, based on the available evidence, dysregulated snoRNAs are closely associated with the carcinogenesis and development of HNSCC. Upregulated snoRNAs have been shown to augment the expression of other oncogenes or activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumor cell viability, glycolysis, migration, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition while inhibiting apoptosis in vitro. In vivo animal studies have further elucidated the functional roles of snoRNAs. Knockdown of host genes of these snoRNAs suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and restrained tumor proliferation and aggressiveness in mice. The putative mechanisms underlying these observations are associated with the biological functions of snoRNAs, primarily involving microRNA-like functions through the generation of microRNA-like fragments and regulation of alternative splicing to yield diverse transcripts. While most of the snoRNAs are upregulated in HNSCC, 4 downregulated snoRNAs have been identified and annotated. SNORA36B (implicated in the regulation of DNA templates) and U3 (chr17, influencing cell proliferation) may serve as protective factors associated with prolonged overall survival. This review describes the viable structures of snoRNAs, endeavors to refine snoRNA sequencing technology, and summarizes snoRNAs’ expression profile as well as their role in HNSCC progression for potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HNSCC management.
Game On: Enhancing Customer Engagement Through Influencers’ Gamified Messages
Authors: Kapoor Payal , Balaji M. S. , Maity Moutusi
Published: October 2024

Effective customer engagement with tourism brands is crucial for influencer marketing and can be significantly enhanced through creative and innovative message strategies that capture customer attention. This paper examines the impact of gamified messages—a novel message modality—on customer engagement with tourism brands. The results of the four studies herein show that gamified messages lead to higher customer engagement with tourism brands than traditional text messages, with flow experience identified as the underlying mechanism explaining this effect. Customer engagement, in turn, leads to higher behavioral intentions toward the tourism brand and intentions to follow the influencer. Gamified messages, when employed by specialist influencers and oriented to adventure, are also shown to increase customer engagement with tourism brands. The findings offer insights for tourism brands seeking to enhance customer engagement through influencer marketing.
Scrub typhus eschar: Clinical and 365 nm fluorescence dermoscopic correlation and follow-up till cure
Authors: Patil Shrinivas , Mitra Debdeep
Published: October 2024

This case report presents an instance of scrub typhus, distinguished by a solitary eschar on the thigh, and explores the application of dermoscopy with 365 nm ultraviolet illumination for real-time monitoring during treatment. Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, typically manifests with eschars that can be easily overlooked due to their painless nature. This case highlights the utility of dermoscopy in improving eschar detection and therapeutic monitoring, offering a novel approach to managing this potentially severe disease.
The Stability of the trap-bath Split in the East Midlands
Authors: Braber Natalie , Halfacre Caitlin , Jansen Sandra
Published: October 2024

This article reviews the status of the trap-bath split in the counties of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, and Derbyshire in the East Midlands of England. The East Midlands forms a linguistic transition zone between northern English varieties which lack (part of) the trap-bath split, and southern English varieties which have this split. We examine the acoustic properties of trap and bath in the region to determine whether this pattern is stable over time or diffusing. Reading-passage data, stratified by age group, sex, and location are used to provide an apparent time and multilocal view on the distribution of the two vowel categories. Results suggest there is no complete overlap between these vowel sets in the region, although it varies across the East Midlands. Furthermore, we find the East Midlands apparently occupies a stable middle ground between northern and south-eastern varieties.
Engaging Dwight Radcliff’s Remixing the Center
Authors: Aycock Jennifer L.
Published: October 2024

In this response, the author engages Dwight Radcliff’s contributions in Remixing the Center by demonstrating the pastoral and historiographical possibilities that emerge through use of Hip Hop Culture’s practices of sampling, mixing, and poesis. The author expands on Radcliff’s notion of pericolonial by suggesting some hopeful and pessimistic interpretations of youth dis-engagement, or sideways engagement, from institutional religious life. In conclusion, the author points to the globalization of HHC as indicating the potential of applying Radcliff’s missiological intervention at global scales of analysis and practice.
Is It Fair to Kill One to Save Five? How Just World Beliefs Shape Sacrificial Moral Decision-making
Authors: Conway Paul , Dawtry Rael J. , Lam Jason , Gheorghiu Ana I.
Published: October 2024

Sacrificing a target to save a group violates deontological ethics against harm but upholds utilitarian ethics to maximize outcomes. Although theorists examine many factors that influence dilemma decisions, we examined justice concerns: We manipulated the moral character of sacrificial targets, then measured participants’ dilemma responses and just world beliefs. Across four studies ( N=1116), participants considering guilty versus innocent targets scored lower on harm-rejection (deontological) responding, but not outcome-maximizing (utilitarian) responding assessed via process dissociation. Just world beliefs (both personal and general) predicted lower utilitarian and somewhat lower deontological responding, but these effects disappeared when accounting for shared variance with psychopathy. Results suggest that dilemma decisions partly reflect the moral status of sacrificial targets and concerns about the fairness implications of sacrificing innocent targets to save innocent groups.
Translating Law and Code in Government: Algorithmic Decisions and Their Legal Effects in Canada
Authors: Zajko Mike
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes the translation of law into computer code and the use of automated decision-making systems in government to make legal distinctions. Specifically, how are algorithmic decisions tied to law, and what happens when legal effects are mediated through technologies? The sociology of translation and Bruno Latour's theory of law, as elaborated by Kyle McGee, provides the means to study associations between law and technology. I trace how the force of law can be extended when mediated through computer systems and analyze the associations of law and technology in Canada's government, through projects exemplifying the shift to “code-driven law.” These include the translation of “rules-as-code,” and several of the sociotechnical systems governing Canada's borders, demonstrating how design choices in government digital services inevitably shape the outcomes of public policy and can have legal effects. While Latour's legal scholarship avoided traditional questions of legitimacy, a key consideration for automated government systems is how legitimacy is constructed and contested. For rules-as-code, legitimate algorithmic outcomes should be traceable to law, but existing government systems commonly maintain legitimacy by identifying a human actor “in-the-loop” as the ultimate decision-maker, thereby obscuring how thoroughly imbricated human and algorithmic agency are in contemporary governance.