bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maxillofacial injuries due to animal attacks: A case series
Authors: Vijapur Manjunath , Ram Bhargav , Chalathadka Mahabaleshwara , Naganagoudar Anuradha , Ulasandra Somshekhar , Parthasarathy Pallavi
Published: January 2022

Animal attack injuries are frequently seen in trauma centres. Animal attacks have grown recently as a result of human expansion into the wild and reduced forest cover. As a result, wild animals and humans must occupy the same habitat, and there is an increase in wild animal–human interaction. Animal attack injuries to the face can result in functional, cosmetic and structural deficits. The head and neck are the third most commonly affected areas, followed by the upper and lower limbs. Because of the animal microflora, there is a greater risk of infections. The majority of maxillofacial fractures caused by animal attacks are crushed and may have numerous comminuted fractures, making fixing more difficult than with simple fractures. This current paper sheds some light on five such wild animal attacks that result in maxillofacial injuries as well as how to treat them.
Dimensional and anthropometric correlation analyses of buccal fat pad and patient’s personal satisfaction after buccal fat pad excision
Authors: Azoubel Eduardo , Azoubel Maria Cecília Fonsêca , Ribeiro Neiana Carolina Rios , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Daltro Rafael Moreira , de Carvalho Leitão Renata
Published: January 2022

To evaluate the relationship between the volume and weight of the buccal fat pad removed in the perioperative period and the body mass index (BMI) of patients subjected to buccal fat pad excision as well as to compare the facial dimensions and the level of satisfaction of these patients before and after the surgical procedure. Fifty‐seven patients were included in this study. All were included in the dimensional analysis (weight and volume) and anthropometric correlation (BMI). To evaluate the facial dimensions, 20 volunteers were included and subjected to bilateral measurement at four specific points on the face before and after surgery. Thirty‐five patients were also evaluated regarding the occurrence of peri‐ and post‐operative complications and their level of satisfaction through a specific questionnaire. There was no statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of the buccal fat pad and the anthropometric measurements of the individuals involved in the analysis. There was also no significant alteration of the facial measurements assessed after buccal fat pad excision. The descriptive analysis showed that self‐perception regarding aesthetic need was the predominant factor indicating surgery and that most patients were satisfied with the results, which were close to expected, according to their self‐assessment. Post‐operative complications were limited to trismus and oedema. The weight and volume of the buccal fat pad showed no significant correlation with the anthropometric variables of weight, height and BMI. There were no significant differences in the facial measurements analysed after buccal fat pad excision. The patient satisfaction questionnaire showed that surgical indication was generally motivated by aesthetic factors of individual perception and obtaining results consistent with personal expectations. The frequency of complications arising from buccal fat pad excision included patient discomfort.
Violet‐blue Light Induces “Natural” Photodynamic Plasma Disinfection with Endogenous Sensitizers
Authors: Greer Alexander
Published: January 2022

Naturally, endogenous porphyrins can provide sensitized disinfection power, and to photobiologists' delight, violet‐blue light has potential virtues, but progress is needed before violet‐blue light treatment can be used for microbe treatment of blood plasma, and yet safeguard against protein photooxidation. A report by Maclean et al. in this issue of Photochemistry & Photobiology on microbe reduction in blood plasma showing negligible competing protein photooxidation may bring that goal a step closer.
Impact of physical activity on response to stress in people aged 65 and over during COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Radino Antonio , Tarantino Vincenza
Published: January 2022

Background

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively affected the lives of many people. In particular, restrictions of physical activity (PA) due to pandemic‐related lockdown have impacted their psychological status. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between PA habits, before the pandemic and during the lockdown, and responses to stress due to home isolation during the lockdown, in older people.

Methods

To this aim, an online survey addressed to people aged 65 years and over was conducted during the first pandemic wave in Italy (Study 1). To explore the effect of PA restrictions on responses to stress over time, the survey was replicated during the second wave (Study 2). A group of 72 and 43 participants, from 65 to 88 years, completed the two studies, respectively. The survey required the completion of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and of two questionnaires on stress response, namely, the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised and the Perceived Stress Scale. The correlation between the questionnaires' scores was examined.

Results

Study 1 demonstrated that higher levels of PA during the lockdown, related to working and walking activities, were associated with fewer stress‐related symptoms and lower stress perception. In parallel, greater reduction of PA, during lockdown compared to the pre‐pandemic period, was associated with more stress‐related symptoms. People who spent more time at rest (sitting) before and during the pandemic lockdown were those who showed higher psychological impact. Study 2 confirmed the benefits of maintaining working activities during lockdown, but also showed that during the second pandemic wave people were more resilient to PA restrictions and home isolation, even if conducting a sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusions

Maintaining good levels of PA during lockdown was a protective factor against developing stress‐related symptoms in older people. On the other hand, more resilient response to stress emerged in this population during the second wave.
The trade openness–gender wage differential nexus: Household‐level evidence from Ghana
Authors: Orkoh Emmanuel , Blaauw Derick , Claassen Carike
Published: January 2022

The literature on trade openness–gender wage differential nexus in developing countries has revealed heterogeneous findings that reflect the opposing theoretical perspectives and the need for more country‐specific analyses that will allow for proper policy targeting and implementation. This paper contributes to the growing literature on this issue from a Ghanaian perspective using disaggregated household data. The Oaxaca decomposition estimates show a wage gap of approximately 21% and evidence of the endogenous growth theory that trade openness widens the gender wage gap particularly among urban and low‐skilled workers. The Ministry of Trade and Industry must collaborate with the Ministry of Employment and Labour Relations to review the existing labor and investment policies to improve the wages and other working conditions of women engaged in trade‐oriented economic activities, including the nontraditional export that has experienced higher integration into global trade in recent years.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of hemodynamic changes in a hemodialysis patient with central venous stenosis treated with stent
Authors: Chen Bin , Dai Haitao , Yang Jianyong , Tang Keyu , Zhang Guiyuan , Xiang Xianhong , Lin Run , Huang Yonghui
Published: January 2022

Background

It has not been demonstrated that computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to model central venous stenosis (CVS), nor that hemodynamic changes in CVS treated with stent placement can be anticipated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the hemodynamic performance of CVS patients treated with stent placement.

Methods

Patient‐specific geometric models were constructed using computed tomography images of veins from hemodialysis patients treated with stent placement. CFD simulation based on geometry was performed using ANSYS‐15 to compare pressure quantitatively, wall shear stress (WSS), and flow velocity in the brachial vein before and after stent placement.

Results

Following a covered stent placement, the swelling of the left upper extremity was relieved. Prior to stent implantation, the maximum and mean brachial vein wall pressures were 465.2 Pa and 224.609 Pa, respectively. It was determined that the maximum WSS value was 8.449 Pa and that the mean WSS value was 0.743 Pa. The maximum and mean flow velocities were 1.16 and 0.173 m/s, respectively. After stent placement, the maximum wall pressure, maximum WSS, and maximum flow velocity dropped by 59.4%, 71.2%, and 57.8%, respectively. The mean wall pressure, mean WSS, and mean flow rate decreased by 43.5%, 52.7%, and 17.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

Hemodynamics of CVS in hemodialysis patients exhibited turbulent, imbalances and disorders, which can be improved by stent placement.
Use of a novel Indentometer to evaluate skin induration in localized scleroderma and psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Ivanova Zlatina , Aleksiev Teodor , Dobrev Hristo , Atanasov Nikolay
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Diseased skin in localized scleroderma (LS) and plaque psoriasis (PPs) is characterized by induration that can be evaluated by non‐invasive bioengineering methods. In this study, we applied a new measurement device based on indentometry to determine the changes of skin mechanical properties in patients with LS and PPs.

Material and methods

A total of 30 sclerodermatous plaques in 12 patients with LS and 46 psoriatic plaques in 19 patients with PPs were measured with Indentometer IDM 800 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The device measures the penetration depth of the probe indenter (pin) into the skin in mm. We used two probes with pin diameters 3 and 5 mm, respectively. The stiffer the skin, the less deep is the displacement by the indenter. The smaller the diameter, the deeper the pin will go into the skin when using the same force. The measurements were made on diseased skin and in adjacent normal skin served as control. In addition, the psoriatic plaques were measured before and after treatment.

Results

The sclerodermatous skin and the psoriatic skin showed lower Indentometer values compared to adjacent normal skin as measured with both probes. This suggests that diseased skin is stiffer than healthy skin. The values of psoriatic plaques increased after treatment applied that correlates with the clinical improvement. The Indentometric readings significantly negatively correlated with clinical scores of skin induration. There was a significant correlation between the measurements with probe 3 mm and probe 5 mm.

Conclusion

The non‐invasive method used is appropriate for objective and quantitative determination of the degree of skin induration in LS and PPs as well as for assessment of the disease evaluation and treatment efficacy.
Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis severity can be reliably assessed using smartphone‐photographs taken by the patient at home: A validation study
Authors: Ali Zarqa , Chiriac Andrei , Bjerre‐Christensen Theis , Isberg Ari Pall , Dahiya Priyanka , Manole Ionela , Dutei Ana‐Maria , Deaconescu Irina , Serban Adina , Suru Alina , Agner Tove , Kamstrup Maria Rørbæk , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Zibert John Robert , Thomsen Simon Francis , Andersen Anders Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background

The use of photographs to diagnose and monitor skin diseases is gaining ground.

Objectives

To investigate the validity and reliability of photographic assessments of atopic dermatitis (AD) severity.

Methods

AD severity was evaluated in the clinic by two assessors using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), SCOring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA). Participants photographed the lesions with their own smartphone and completed a questionnaire about the extent of eczema the same day from home. The photographs were assessed twice with an 8 weeks interval by five dermatologists experienced in photographic evaluations. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied.

Results

Seventy‐nine participants were enrolled. The ICC between clinical EASI and photographic EASI was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.93), and 0.86 (0.70–0.93) between clinical SCORAD and photographic SCORAD.

Perfect agreement between clinical IGA and photograph IGA was observed for 62%, with the difference between the two never deviating with more than 1 score.

The inter‐rater ICC for photographic EASI and photographic SCORAD, respectively, was 0.90 (0.85–0.94), and 0.96 (0.91–0.98). The intra‐rater agreements between the first and second assessments varied from 0.95 to 0.98 for photographic EASI, and from 0.86 to 0.94 for photographic SCORAD.

Conclusion

There was high agreement between mild to moderate AD severity assessed clinically and based on smartphone photographs. Further, the photographic assessments can be reproduced with high reliability.
Root system architecture in cereals: progress, challenges and perspective
Authors: Maqbool Saman , Hassan Muhammad Adeel , Xia Xianchun , York Larry M. , Rasheed Awais , He Zhonghu
Published: January 2022

Roots are essential multifunctional plant organs involved in water and nutrient uptake, metabolite storage, anchorage, mechanical support, and interaction with the soil environment. Understanding of this ‘hidden half’ provides potential for manipulation of root system architecture (RSA) traits to optimize resource use efficiency and grain yield in cereal crops. Unfortunately, root traits are highly neglected in breeding due to the challenges of phenotyping, but could have large rewards if the variability in RSA traits can be fully exploited. Until now, a plethora of genes have been characterized in detail for their potential role in improving RSA. The use of forward genetics approaches to find sequence variations in genes underpinning desirable RSA would be highly beneficial. Advances in computer vision applications have allowed image‐based approaches for high‐throughput phenotyping of RSA traits that can be used by any laboratory worldwide to make progress in understanding root function and dissection of the genetics. At the same time, the frontiers of root measurement include non‐invasive methods like X‐ray computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that facilitate new types of temporal studies. Root physiology and ecology are further supported by spatiotemporal root simulation modeling. The discovery of component traits providing improved resilience and yield advantage in target environments is a key necessity for mainstreaming root‐based cereal breeding. The integrated use of pan‐genome resources, now available in most cereals, coupled with new in‐field phenotyping platforms has the potential for precise selection of superior genotypes with improved RSA.
Estimating the risks of prehospital transfusion of D‐positive whole blood to trauma patients who are bleeding in England
Authors: Cardigan Rebecca , Latham Tom , Weaver Anne , Yazer Mark , Green Laura
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

D‐negative red cells are transfused to D‐negative females of childbearing potential (CBP) to prevent haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN). Transfusion of low‐titre group O whole blood (LTOWB) prehospital is gaining interest, to potentially improve clinical outcomes and for logistical benefits compared to standard of care. Enhanced donor selection requirements and reduced shelf‐life of LTOWB compared to red cells makes the provision of this product challenging.

Materials and Methods

A universal policy change to the use of D‐positive LTOWB across England was modelled in terms of risk of three specific harms occurring: risk of haemolytic transfusion reaction now or in the future, and the risk of HDFN in future pregnancies for all recipients or D‐negative females of CBP.

Results

The risk of any of the three harms occurring for all recipients was 1:14 × 103 transfusions (credibility interval [CI] 56 × 102–42 × 103) while for females of CBP it was 1:520 transfusions (CI 250–1700). The latter was dominated by HDFN risk, which would be expected to occur once every 5.7 years (CI 2.6–22.5). We estimated that a survival benefit of ≥1% using LTOWB would result in more life‐years gained than lost if D‐positive units were transfused exclusively. These risks would be lower, if D‐positive blood were only transfused when D‐negative units are unavailable.

Conclusion

These data suggest that the risk of transfusing RhD‐positive blood is low in the prehospital setting and must be balanced against its potential benefits.
Women's trajectories of postpartum depression and social support: A repeated‐measures study with implications for evidence‐based practice
Authors: Lee Li‐Chun , Hung Chich‐Hsiu
Published: January 2022

Background

Postpartum depression is one of the most common psychological disorders of women after childbirth. Despite the importance of social support as an influencing factor, there have been few studies on the trends and characteristics of social support as it relates to postpartum depression.

Aims

To explore the trends in postpartum depression and social support, to cross‐analyze the correlation between the postpartum depression trajectory and the social support trajectory, and to investigate predictors of changes in postpartum depression trajectories.

Methods

A prospective repeated‐measure study and convenience sampling were used to recruit 230 women at 1, 3, and 6 months after childbirth. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Trajectory analysis was used to explore the trajectories of postpartum depression and social support during the 6 months after childbirth, and polynomial logistic regression was used to explore predictors of the trajectory of postpartum depression.

Results

Postpartum depression was at its most serious in the third month after childbirth, showing patterns of low‐risk, moderate‐risk, and high‐risk trajectories. Social support also showed low, moderate, and high patterns, and the trajectory of postpartum depression was significantly related to the trajectory of social support. The predictors of moderate‐risk and high‐risk postpartum depression were also found in this study.

Linking Evidence to Action

Postpartum mental health education and online learning systems should be used to increase social support for women after childbirth and reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.
Analytical Solution of Heat Exchange in Typical Electrocaloric Devices
Authors: Najmi Farrukh , Shen Wenxian , Cheng Z.-Y.
Published: January 2022

To date, most of electrocaloric devices reported can be simplified as a multilayer structure in which thermal source and sink are different materials at two ends. The thermal conduction in the multilayer structure is the key for the performance of the devices. In this paper, the analytical solutions for the thermal conduction in a multilayer structure with four layers are introduced. The middle two layers are electrocaloric materials. The analytical solutions are also simplified for a hot/cold plate with two sides being different media—a typical case for thermal treatment of materials. The analytical solutions include series with infinite terms. It is proved that these series are convergent so the sum of a series can be calculated using the first N terms. The equation for calculating the N is introduced. Based on the case study, it is found that the N is usually a small number, mostly less than 40 and rarely more than 100. The issues related to the application of the analytical solutions for the simulation of real electrocaloric devices are discussed, which includes the usage of multilayer ceramic capacitor, influence of electrodes, and characterization of thin film.
Off the Court: Examining Social Media Activity and Engagement in Women’s Professional Sport
Authors: Piché Megan C. , Naraine Michael L.
Published: January 2022

Sports organizations’ use of social media (SM) has become a key strategy in the coverage and promotion of sport. Although research has been done on the success of digital marketing for men’s professional sport, little is known about the impact of such in women’s sport. This study aimed to examine the SM activity and engagement with fans of the Women’s National Basketball Association. All posts from Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for the 2019 calendar year were collected from all 12 Women’s National Basketball Association teams and analyzed, in aggregate, for their SM metrics. Results indicated that there was a high level of interaction on SM during the in-season competition months, whereas engagement during the off-season period declined. Given these results, the Women’s National Basketball Association should create strategies to increase fan engagement when there is decreased interactivity to perpetually promote women’s sport. This research provides a starting point for future research on women’s sport involving SM metrics.
Rapid growth of anthropogenic organic nanoparticles greatly alters cloud life cycle in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Zaveri Rahul A. , Wang Jian , Fan Jiwen , Zhang Yuwei , Shilling John E. , Zelenyuk Alla , Mei Fan , Newsom Rob , Pekour Mikhail , Tomlinson Jason , Comstock Jennifer M. , Shrivastava Manish , Fortner Edward , Machado Luiz A. T. , Artaxo Paulo , Martin Scot T.
Published: January 2022

Oxidation products of natural hydrocarbons rapidly grow pollution nanoparticles to sizes large enough to alter clouds.
Secondary loss of
miR-3607
reduced cortical progenitor amplification during rodent evolution
Authors: Chinnappa Kaviya , Cárdenas Adrián , Prieto-Colomina Anna , Villalba Ana , Márquez-Galera Ángel , Soler Rafael , Nomura Yuki , Llorens Esther , Tomasello Ugo , López-Atalaya José P. , Borrell Víctor
Published: January 2022

Expression of
miR-3607
in embryonic mammalian cerebral cortex was lost in rodents, limiting progenitor cell proliferation.
Peroxisome function relies on organelle-associated mRNA translation
Authors: Dahan Noa , Bykov Yury S. , Boydston Elizabeth A. , Fadel Amir , Gazi Zohar , Hochberg-Laufer Hodaya , Martenson James , Denic Vlad , Shav-Tal Yaron , Weissman Jonathan S. , Aviram Naama , Zalckvar Einat , Schuldiner Maya
Published: January 2022

Localized translation of peroxisomal membrane proteins is crucial for cellular functions.
Garnet petrochronology reveals the lifetime and dynamics of phonolitic magma chambers at Somma-Vesuvius
Authors: Wotzlaw Jörn-Frederik , Bastian Lena , Guillong Marcel , Forni Francesca , Laurent Oscar , Neukampf Julia , Sulpizio Roberto , Chelle-Michou Cyril , Bachmann Olivier
Published: January 2022

Magma chambers feeding hazardous Plinian eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius have been present throughout most of the volcano’s lifetime.
Oncostatin M expression induced by bacterial triggers drives airway inflammatory and mucus secretion in severe asthma
Authors: Headland Sarah E. , Dengler Hart S. , Xu Daqi , Teng Grace , Everett Christine , Ratsimandresy Rojo A. , Yan Donghong , Kang Jing , Ganeshan Kirthana , Nazarova Evgeniya V. , Gierke Sarah , Wedeles Christopher J. , Guidi Riccardo , DePianto Daryle J. , Morshead Katrina B. , Huynh Alison , Mills Jessica , Flanagan Sean , Hambro Shannon , Nunez Victor , Klementowicz Joanna E. , Shi Yongchang , Wang Jianyong , Bevers Jack , Ramirez-Carrozzi Vladimir , Pappu Rajita , Abbas Alex , Vander Heiden Jason , Choy David F. , Yadav Rajbharan , Modrusan Zora , Panettieri Reynold A. , Koziol-White Cynthia , Jester William F. , Jenkins Brendan J. , Cao Yi , Clarke Christine , Austin Cary , Lafkas Daniel , Xu Min , Wolters Paul J. , Arron Joseph R. , West Nathaniel R. , Wilson Mark S.
Published: January 2022

Bacterial-associated LPS drives oncostatin M–dependent airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in severe asthma.
The PET tracer [
11
C]MK-6884 quantifies M4 muscarinic receptor in rhesus monkeys and patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Wenping , Wang Yuchuan , Lohith Talakad G. , Zeng Zhizhen , Tong Ling , Mazzola Robert , Riffel Kerry , Miller Patricia , Purcell Mona , Holahan Marie , Haley Hyking , Gantert Liza , Hesk David , Ren Sumei , Morrow John , Uslaner Jason , Struyk Arie , Wai Jenny Miu-Chun , Rudd Michael T. , Tellers David M. , McAvoy Thomas , Bormans Guy , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Serdons Kim , de Hoon Jan , Declercq Ruben , De Lepeleire Inge , Pascual Maria B. , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Yu Meixiang , Arbones Victoria , Masdeu Joseph C. , Cheng Amy , Hussain Azher , Bueters Tjerk , Anderson Matt S. , Hostetler Eric D. , Basile Anthony S.
Published: January 2022

[
11
C]MK-6884 is an M4R-specific PET tracer for quantifying target engagement in brain and providing insights into AD neuropathology.
A Micrarchaeon Isolate Is Covered by a Proteinaceous S-Layer
Authors: Gfrerer Sabrina , Winkler Dennis , Novion Ducassou Julia , Couté Yohann , Rachel Reinhard , Gescher Johannes
Published: January 2022

Our knowledge about the DPANN superphylum, which comprises several archaeal phyla with limited metabolic capacities, is mostly based on genomic data derived from cultivation-independent approaches. This study examined the surface structure of a recently cultivated member “
Candidatus
Micrarchaeum harzensis A_DKE,” an archaeal symbiont dependent on an interaction with a host organism for growth.
Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Responses of Chemical Dispersant Application during a Marine Dilbit Spill
Authors: Cao Yiqi , Zhang Baiyu , Greer Charles W. , Lee Kenneth , Cai Qinhong , Song Xing , Tremblay Julien , Zhu Zhiwen , Dong Guihua , Chen Bing
Published: January 2022

In this study, we employed microcosms to study the effects of marine dilbit spill and dispersant application on microbial community dynamics over time. We evaluated the impacts of microcosm scale and found that increasing the scale is beneficial for reducing community stochasticity, especially in the late stage of biodegradation.
Rational Regulation of Reaction Specificity of Nitrilase for Efficient Biosynthesis of 2-Chloronicotinic Acid through a Single Site Mutation
Authors: Dai An-Di , Tang Xiao-Ling , Wu Zhe-Ming , Tang Jiang-Tao , Zheng Ren-Chao , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: January 2022

2-CA is an important building block for agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals with a rapid increase in demand in recent years. It is currently manufactured from 3-cyanopyridine by chemical methods.
Role of E6 in Maintaining the Basal Cell Reservoir during Productive Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Saunders-Wood Taylor , Egawa Nagayasu , Zheng Ke , Giaretta Alberto , Griffin Heather M. , Doorbar John
Published: January 2022

Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types can lead to development of HPV-associated cancers, and persistent low-risk HPV infection causes problematic diseases, such as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The management and treatment of these conditions pose a considerable economic burden.
The Hinge Region of the Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site Directs Ribosomal Positioning, Translational Activity, and Virus Infection
Authors: Kirby Mathew P. , Stevenson Ciara , Worrall Liam J. , Chen Yihang , Young Christina , Youm Jisoo , Strynadka Natalie C. J. , Allan Douglas W. , Jan Eric
Published: January 2022

Viruses must use the host cell machinery to direct viral protein expression for productive infection. One such mechanism is an internal ribosome entry site that can directly recruit host cell machinery. In this study, we have identified a novel sequence in an IRES that provides insight into the mechanism of viral gene expression. Specifically, this novel sequence promotes viral IRES activity by directly guiding the host cell machinery to start gene expression at a specific site.
Comparative Study of Ten Thogotovirus Isolates and Their Distinct
In Vivo
Characteristics
Authors: Fuchs Jonas , Lamkiewicz Kevin , Kolesnikova Larissa , Hölzer Martin , Marz Manja , Kochs Georg
Published: January 2022

Since their discovery over 60 years ago, 15 genetically distinct members of the thogotovirus genus have been isolated. These arboviruses belong to the Orthomyxovirus family and share many features with influenza viruses.
Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1-Activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 Coordinately Promote Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem Cell Properties
Authors: Zhu Nannan , Wang Qian , Wu Zhidong , Wang Yan , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Yuan Yan
Published: January 2022

LMP1 endows NPC to gain cancer stem cell characteristics through activating mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways. The different mTOR pathways are responsible for distinct tumorigenic features.
Host T Cell Dedifferentiation Effects Drive HIV-1 Latency Stability
Authors: Dalecki Alexander G. , Greer Braxton D. , Duverger Alexandra , Strange Elan L. , Carlin Eric , Wagner Frederic , Shi Bi , Lowman Kelsey E. , Perez Mildred , Tidwell Christopher , Kaczmarek Michaels Katarzyna , Giattina Sophia , Bossmann Stefan H. , Henderson Andrew J. , Hu Hui , Kutsch Olaf
Published: January 2022

HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir in memory CD4 T cells for the lifetime of a patient. Understanding the biomolecular mechanisms used by the host cells to suppress viral expression will provide essential insights required to develop curative therapeutic interventions.
MARCH8 Targets Cytoplasmic Lysine Residues of Various Viral Envelope Glycoproteins
Authors: Zhang Yanzhao , Ozono Seiya , Tada Takuya , Tobiume Minoru , Kameoka Masanori , Kishigami Satoshi , Fujita Hideaki , Tokunaga Kenzo
Published: January 2022

A member of the MARCH E3 ubiquitin ligase family, MARCH8, downregulates many different kinds of host transmembrane proteins, resulting in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. On the other hands, MARCH8 acts as an antiviral factor when it binds to and downregulates HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein that are viral transmembrane proteins.
Differences in the Accessory Genomes and Methylomes of Strains of Streptococcus equi subsp.equiand of Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicusObtained from the Respiratory Tract of Horses from Texas
Authors: Morris Ellen Ruth A. , Wu Jing , Bordin Angela I. , Lawhon Sara D. , Cohen Noah D.
Published: January 2022

Strangles, caused by the host-specific bacteriumStreptococcus equisubsp.equi(SEE), is the most commonly diagnosed infectious disease of horses worldwide. Its ancestor,Streptococcus equisubsp.zooepidemicus(SEZ), is frequently isolated from a wide array of hosts, including horses and humans.
Contrasting Community Assembly Mechanisms Underlie Similar Biogeographic Patterns of Surface Microbiota in the Tropical North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kong Jie , Wang Lei , Lin Cai , Kuang Fangfang , Zhou Xiwu , Laws Edward A. , Sun Ping , Huang Hao , Huang Bangqin
Published: January 2022

Bacteria and microeukaryotes are extremely diverse groups in the ocean, where they regulate elemental cycling and energy flow. Studies of marine microbial ecology have benefited greatly from the rapid progress that has been made in genomic sequencing and theoretical microbial ecology.
Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Isolated from Patients with Distinct Disease Outcomes in Mexico
Authors: Boukadida Celia , Taboada Blanca , Escalera-Zamudio Marina , Isa Pavel , Ramírez-González José Ernesto , Vazquez-Perez Joel Armando , Muñoz-Medina José Esteban , Grajales-Muñiz Concepción , González-Torres Carolina , Gaytán-Cervantes Francisco Javier , Rincón-Rubio Alma , Matías-Florentino Margarita , Esteban Paz-Juárez Héctor , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Mendieta-Condado Edgar , Barrera-Badillo Gisela , Hernández-Rivas Lucía , López Susana , López-Martínez Irma , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , Arias Carlos F.
Published: January 2022

The genetic association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with different clinical conditions remains unclear and needs further investigation. In this study, we characterized 57 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patients in Mexico with distinct disease severity outcomes: mild disease or ambulatory care, severe disease or hospitalized, and deceased.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the High Nosocomial Transmission and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clostridioides difficile in a Single Center in China, a Four-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Wen Xin , Shen Cong , Xia Jinyu , Zhong Lan-Lan , Wu Zhongwen , Ahmed Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed , Long Nana , Ma Furong , Zhang Guili , Wu Wenwei , Luo Jianlve , Xia Yong , Dai Min , Zhang Liyan , Liao Kang , Feng Siyuan , Chen Cha , Chen Yishen , Luo Wenji , Tian Guo-Bao
Published: January 2022

Clostridioides difficile
infections (CDI) are the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and are known to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. In the past decade,
C. difficile
has emerged rapidly and has spread globally, causing great concern among American and European countries.
Comparative Proteomics of
Coxiella
like Endosymbionts (CLEs) in the Symbiotic Organs of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks
Authors: Cibichakravarthy Balasubramanian , Oses-Prieto Juan A. , Ben-Yosef Michael , Burlingame Alma L. , Karr Timothy L. , Gottlieb Yuval
Published: January 2022

Here we compare the
Coxiella
-like endosymbionts (CLE) proteomes from Malpighian tubule (Mt) and the ovaries (Ov) of the brown dog tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
. Our results support the hypothesis that CLEs function interdependently with host requirements in each of the organs.
The Impact of Mouthwash on the Oropharyngeal Microbiota of Men Who Have Sex with Men: a Substudy of the OMEGA Trial
Authors: Plummer Erica L. , Maddaford Kate , Murray Gerald L. , Fairley Christopher K. , Pasricha Shivani , Mu Andre , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Williamson Deborah A. , Chow Eric P. F.
Published: January 2022

Given the role of the oral microbiota in human health, it is important to understand if and how external factors influence its composition. Mouthwash use is common in some populations, and the use of antiseptic mouthwash has been proposed as an alternative intervention to prevent gonorrhea transmission.
The Role of ZntA in Klebsiella pneumoniae Zinc Homeostasis
Authors: Maunders Eve A. , Ganio Katherine , Hayes Andrew J. , Neville Stephanie L. , Davies Mark R. , Strugnell Richard A. , McDevitt Christopher A. , Tan Aimee
Published: January 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. Treatment of
K. pneumoniae
infections is becoming increasingly challenging due to high levels of antibiotic resistance and the rising prevalence of carbapenem-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing strains.
Disruption of NBS1/MRN Complex Formation by E4orf3 Supports NF-κB That Licenses E1B55K-Deleted Adenovirus-Infected Cells to Accumulate DNA>4n
Authors: Almuzaini Nujud , Moore Madison , Robert-Guroff Marjorie , Thomas Michael A.
Published: January 2022

Genome instability, a hallmark of cancer, exists as part of a cycle that leads to DNA damage and DNA > 4n that further enhances genome instability. Ad E4orf3 is a viral oncogene. Here, we describe E4orf3 mediated signaling events that support DNA > 4n in Δ
E1B
Ad-infected cells. These signaling events may be linked to the oncogenic potential of E4orf3 and may provide a basis for how some cells survive with DNA > 4n.
Elevation Matters More than Season in Shaping the Heterogeneity of Soil and Root Associated Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community
Authors: Gong Sai , Feng Bang , Jian Si-Peng , Wang Geng Shen , Ge Zai-Wei , Yang Zhu Liang
Published: January 2022

Altitude and season represent two important environmental gradients that shape the structure of biome, including the heterogeneity of EcM fungi. Previous studies have separately considered the influences of altitude and season on EcM fungal communities, but the relative importance of altitude and season is still unknown.
Microbiome Resilience despite a Profound Loss of Minority Microbiota following Clindamycin Challenge in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
Authors: Liu Lin , Kirst Mariana E. , Zhao Lisa , Li Eric , Wang Gary P.
Published: January 2022

Antibiotics cause imbalance of gut microbiota, which in turn increase our susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections. However, how antibiotics disrupt gut bacterial communities is not well understood, and exposing healthy volunteers to unnecessary antibiotics for research purposes carries clinical and ethical concerns.
SARS-CoV-2 N Gene G29195T Point Mutation May Affect Diagnostic Reverse Transcription-PCR Detection
Authors: Ko Karrie K. K. , Abdul Rahman Nurdyana Binte , Tan Shireen Yan Ling , Chan Kenneth X. L. , Goh Sui Sin , Sim James Heng Chiak , Lim Kun Lee , Tan Wan Loo , Chan Kian Sing , Oon Lynette L. E. , Nagarajan Niranjan , Suphavilai Chayaporn
Published: January 2022

Accurate diagnostic detection of SARS-CoV-2 currently depends on the large-scale deployment of RT-PCR assays. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays target predetermined regions in the viral genomes by complementary binding of primers and probes to nucleic acid sequences in the clinical samples.
Development of Methods of Asymptotic Analysis of Transition Layers in Reaction–Diffusion–Advection Equations: Theory and Applications
Authors: Nefedov N. N.
Published: January 2022

This work presents a review and analysis of modern asymptotic methods for analysis of singularly perturbed problems with interior and boundary layers. The central part of the work is a review of the work of the author and his colleagues and disciples. It highlights boundary and initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations, as well as periodic parabolic problems, which are widely used in applications and are called reaction–diffusion and reaction–diffusion–advection equations. These problems can be interpreted as models in chemical kinetics, synergetics, astrophysics, biology, and other fields. The solutions of these problems often have both narrow boundary regions of rapid change and inner layers of various types (contrasting structures, moving interior layers: fronts), which leads to the need to develop new asymptotic methods in order to study them both formally and rigorously. A general scheme for a rigorous study of contrast structures in singularly perturbed problems for partial differential equations, based on the use of the asymptotic method of differential inequalities, is presented and illustrated on relevant problems. The main achievements of this line of studies of partial differential equations are reflected, and the key directions of its development are indicated.
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner’s tumour) of the submandibular gland: a neoplastic mimic
Authors: Pereira Filipa Galante , Nogueira Ruben , Pataca Iris , Sampaio Rita
Published: January 2022

A 74-year-old man was referred for a plastic surgery consultation for two previous acute episodes of right submandibular sialadenitis. Physical examination revealed a lump in the right submandibular region, painful on palpation. The initial impression on clinical examination was of sialolithiasis. The sonography demonstrated a structural heterogeneity of the submandibular gland with a hypoechogenic and vascularised nodular formation (1.5×1.2 cm), suggestive of a mixed tumour of the right maxillary gland, requiring histological evaluation. He underwent a right submandibulectomy and an IgG4-positive chronic sclerosing sialadenitis was diagnosed. The patient’s condition evolved favourably, resulting in a full recovery. The clinical features and differential diagnosis of this entity are debated in light of relevant literature.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Han Minghui , Qie Ranran , Shi Xuezhong , Yang Yongli , Lu Jie , Hu Fulan , Zhang Ming , Zhang Zhenzhong , Hu Dongsheng , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2022

Objective

Current evidence of the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality is limited. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the dose–response association of CRF with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer in healthy population.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up to 26 December 2019 for reports of cohort studies giving risk estimates for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality by level of CRF. Cohort studies were included if CRF was assessed by an exercise stress test and reported as at least three levels or per incremental increase, and the association of CRF with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality was evaluated. Generalised least-squares regression models were used to assess the quantitative relation of CRF with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality.

Results

34 cohort studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risks (RRs) for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality per one-metabolic equivalent increase in CRF were 0.88 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.93), 0.87 (95% CI0.83 to 0.91) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), respectively. As compared with lowest CRF, with intermediate CRF, the summary RRs for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality were 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), 0.60 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.69) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.84), respectively, and with highest CRF were 0.47 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.56), 0.49 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.56) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.70), respectively.

Conclusion

Our analysis showed inverse dose–response associations of CRF with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, which provides evidence for public health recommendations for preventing all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020208883.
The relationship between multidimensional poverty, income poverty and youth depressive symptoms: cross-sectional evidence from Mexico, South Africa and Colombia
Authors: Zimmerman Annie , Lund Crick , Araya Ricardo , Hessel Philipp , Sanchez Juliana , Garman Emily , Evans-Lacko Sara , Diaz Yadira , Avendano-Pabon Mauricio
Published: January 2022

Whereas monetary poverty is associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms in young people, poverty is increasingly understood as a multidimensional problem. However, it is yet to be understood how the associations between different dimensions of poverty and youth mental health differ across countries. We examine the relationship between multidimensional, as well as income poverty, and depressive symptoms in young people (age 11–25 years) across three middle-income countries. Based on harmonised data from surveys in Colombia, Mexico and South Africa (N=16 173) we constructed a multidimensional poverty index that comprised fivedeprivations. We used Poisson regression to examine relationships between different forms of poverty with depressive symptoms across the countries. Multidimensional poverty was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms in the harmonised dataset (IRR (incidence rate ratio)=1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.42), in Mexico (IRR=1.34, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.64) and Colombia (IRR=2.01, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.10) but not in South Africa, a finding driven by a lack of associations between child labour and health insurance coverage with depressive symptoms. There was only an association with income poverty and depressive symptoms in South Africa, not in Colombia or Mexico. Depressive symptoms were associated with individual deprivations such as school lag, child labour and lack of access to health services in the harmonised dataset, but not with household deprivations, such as parental unemployment and housing conditions, though the opposite pattern was observed in South Africa. Our findings suggest that the importance of specific dimensions of poverty for mental health varies across countries, and a multidimensional approach is needed to gain insights into the relationship between youth depression and poverty.
Identification of child mental health problems by combining electronic health record information from different primary healthcare professionals: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Koning Nynke R , Büchner Frederike L , Leeuwenburgh Nathalie A , Paijmans Irma JM , van Dijk-van Dijk DJ Annemarie , Vermeiren Robert RJM , Numans Mattijs E , Crone Mathilde
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To investigate the potential value of combining information from electronic health records from Dutch general practitioners (GPs) and preventive youth healthcare professionals (PYHPs) in predicting child mental health problems (MHPs).

Design

Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting

General practice, children who were registered with 76 general practice centres from the Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC) primary care academic network Extramural LUMC Academic Network in the Leiden area, the Netherlands. For the included children we obtained data regarding a child’s healthy development from preventive youth healthcare.

Participants

48 256 children aged 0–19 years old who were registered with participating GPs between 2007 and 2017 and who also had data available from PYHPs from the period 2010–2015. Children with MHPs before 2007 were excluded (n=3415).

Primary outcome

First MHPs based on GP data.

Results

In 51% of the children who had MHPs according to GPs, PYPHs also had concerns for MHPs. In 31% of the children who had no MHPs according to GPs, PYHPs had recorded concerns for MHPs. Combining their information did not result in better performing prediction models than the models based on GP data alone (c-statistics ranging from 0.62 to 0.64). Important determinants of identification of MHPs by PYHPs 1 year later were concerns from PHYPs about MHPs, borderline or increased problem scores on mental health screening tools, life events, family history of MHPs and an extra visit to preventive youth healthcare.

Conclusions

Although the use of combined information from PYHPs and GPs did not improve prediction of MHPs compared with the use of GP data alone, this study showed the feasibility of analysing a combined dataset from different healthcare providers what has the potential to inform future studies aimed at improving child MHP identification.