bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical evidence for the tradeoff-in-the-nephron hypothesis to explain secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Phelps Kenneth R. , Gemoets Darren E. , May Peter M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) complicates advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and causes skeletal and other morbidity. In animal models of CKD, SHPT was prevented and reversed by reduction of dietary phosphate in proportion to GFR, but the phenomena underlying these observations are not understood. The tradeoff-in-the-nephron hypothesis states that as GFR falls, the phosphate concentration in the distal convoluted tubule ([P]DCT]) rises, reduces the ionized calcium concentration in that segment ([Ca++]DCT), and thereby induces increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to maintain normal calcium reabsorption. In patients with CKD, we previously documented correlations between [PTH] and phosphate excreted per volume of filtrate (EP/Ccr), a surrogate for [P]DCT. In the present investigation, we estimated [P]DCT from physiologic considerations and measurements of phosphaturia, and sought evidence for a specific chemical phenomenon by which increased [P]DCT could lower [Ca++]DCT and raise [PTH].

Methods and findings

We studied 28 patients (“CKD”) with eGFR of 14–49 mL/min/1.73m2 (mean 29.9 ± 9.5) and 27 controls (“CTRL”) with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (mean 86.2 ± 10.2). In each subject, total [Ca]DCT and [P]DCT were deduced from relevant laboratory data. The Joint Expert Speciation System (JESS) was used to calculate [Ca++]DCT and concentrations of related chemical species under the assumption that a solid phase of amorphous calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2 (am., s.)) could precipitate. Regressions of [PTH] on eGFR, [P]DCT, and [Ca++]DCT were then examined. At filtrate pH of 6.8 and 7.0, [P]DCT was found to be the sole determinant of [Ca++]DCT, and precipitation of Ca3(PO4)2 (am., s.) appeared to mediate this result. At pH 6.6, total [Ca]DCT was the principal determinant of [Ca++]DCT, [P]DCT was a minor determinant, and precipitation of Ca3(PO4)2 (am., s.) was predicted in no CKD and five CTRL. In CKD, at all three pH values, [PTH] varied directly with [P]DCT and inversely with [Ca++]DCT, and a reduced [Ca++]DCT was identified at which [PTH] rose unequivocally. Relationships of [PTH] to [Ca++]DCT and to eGFR resembled each other closely.

Conclusions

As [P]DCT increases, chemical speciation calculations predict reduction of [Ca++]DCT through precipitation of Ca3(PO4)2 (am., s.). [PTH] appears to rise unequivocally if [Ca++]DCT falls sufficiently. These results support the tradeoff-in-the-nephron hypothesis, and they explain why proportional phosphate restriction prevented and reversed SHPT in experimental CKD. Whether equally stringent treatment can be as efficacious in humans warrants investigation.
Self-reported changes in aggressive driving within the past five years, and during COVID-19
Authors: Stephens Amanda N. , Trawley Steven , Ispanovic Justin , Lowrie Sophie
Published: August 2022

Aggressive driving is a significant road safety problem and is likely to get worse as the situations that provoke aggression become more prevalent in the road network (e.g. as traffic volumes and density increase and the grey fleet expands). In addition, driver frustration and stress, also recognised as triggers for aggression, are likely to stay high because of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated burdens, leading to increased aggression. However, although drivers report that other drivers are becoming more aggressive, self-report data suggests that the prevalence of aggression has not changed over time. This may be due to the methods used to define and measure aggression. This study sought to clarify whether self-reported aggression has increased over a five-year period and across three different types of aggression: verbal aggression, aggressive use of the vehicle and personal physical aggression. The influence of COVID-19 lockdowns on own and others’ driving styles was also investigated. A total of 774 drivers (males = 66.5%, mean age = 48.7; SD = 13.9) who had been licensed for at least five years (M = 30.6, SD = 14.3), responded to an online survey and provided retrospective frequencies for their current aggression (considered pre-COVID-19 lockdowns) and five years prior. Two open ended questions were included to understand perceived changes in driving styles (own and others) during the COVID-19 pandemic. One third (33%) of drivers believed they were more aggressive now than five years ago but 61% of the sample believed other drivers were more aggressive now than five years ago. Logistic regression analyses on changes in self-reported aggression (same or decreased vs increased) showed the main factor associated with increases in aggressive driving was the perception that other drivers’ aggression had increased. Further, almost half the sample (47%) reported that other drivers had become riskier and more dangerous during, and soon after, the COVID-19 lockdowns. These results show that the driving environment is seen as becoming more aggressive, both gradually and as a direct result of COVID-19 lockdowns. The data indicate that this perceived increase in aggression is likely to provoke higher levels of aggression in some drivers. Campaigns to reduce aggression on the roads need to focus on changing road culture and improving interactions, or perceived interactions, among road users.
Donald Trump, the presidency and the media
Authors: McNally Karen
Published: August 2022

This introduction by the editor to the Special Issue on ‘Donald Trump, the Presidency and the Media’ outlines the issue’s theme and articles on the topics of the relationship between Trumpism and a ‘neo-liberal mediascape’, ABC’s 1977 historical miniseries Washington Behind Closed Doors as a prescient warning of the Trump presidency, the representation of Trump in the cataloguing and use of stock music, graphic novels’ depiction of Trump through form and style and cosplay activism drawing on Hulu’s The Handmaid’s Tale as a feminist response to the Trump presidency.
Exit stage right: Neo-liberalism, cable news and the persistence of Trumpism
Authors: Tanguay Liane
Published: August 2022

In the wake of the 2020 election, commentators noted that while Trump himself would eventually leave office, ‘Trumpism’ would likely remain. ‘Trumpism’, however, has not been clearly defined, beyond a vague reference to some blend of populism and nativism that pre-existed his presidential bid, coming eventually to coalesce around him as a cult figure and subsequently acquiring a name of its own. But it seems insufficient to reduce Trumpism to mere populism or even to the so-called ‘alt-right’. ‘Fascism’ has offered a tempting comparison in light of both Republican policies under the Trump administration and the White nationalist base whose support he never disavowed, but most specialists have stopped short of equating the two. This article examines Trumpism in the specific context of what I have previously called a ‘neoliberal mediascape’ structured by financialization and characterized by hypercommercialism and updates Walter Benjamin’s thesis on the ‘aestheticization of politics’ to accommodate a neo-liberal convergence of capital and technology that he himself could scarcely have imagined. Ultimately it defines ‘Trumpism’ in its historical specificity as a primarily affective disposition that is both a product of the neo-liberal mediascape and a phenomenon it has been singularly unable to contain.
Nixon, Trump and Washington Behind Closed Doors: Fictionalizing Watergate and the prescience of the historical miniseries
Authors: McNally Karen
Published: August 2022

The development of the miniseries as a TV genre during the 1970s became central to American television’s dramatization of the nation’s history through stories that combined fact and fiction to relate the past to contemporary US culture. Rarely considered, however, is the ways in which increasing slippages between the screen and real-world events might work to presage the culture and politics of the future, illuminating historical connections that move beyond a television drama’s moment of production. This article explores the 1977 ABC miniseries Washington Behind Closed Doors, an adaptation of John Ehrlichman’s novel The Company and its fictional tale of a Nixon-like president, drawing on the author’s experiences as part of the Nixon administration. Emerging in the contexts of the historical miniseries and various screen depictions of Watergate, the show became part of a blurring of the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction in the re-telling of Richard Nixon’s doomed tenure as president. At the same time, the article contends, the explicit fictionalization of the nation’s recent political history in Washington Behind Closed Doors provides a space in which to read the show as a prescient imagining of the United States’ political future later realized in the presidency of Donald Trump.
Queering the South on Screen, Tison Pugh (ed.) (2020)
Authors: Mittermeier Sabrina
Published: August 2022

Review of: Queering the South on Screen, Tison Pugh (ed.) (2020)

Athens: University of Georgia Press, 302 pp.,

ISBN 9-780-82035-672-3, h/bk, $99.95

ISBN 9-780-82035-672-3, p/bk, $34.95
Contingent Figure: Chronic Pain and Queer Embodiment, M. D. Snediker (2021)
Authors: Welch Benedict
Published: August 2022

Review of: Contingent Figure: Chronic Pain and Queer Embodiment, M. D. Snediker (2021)

Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 259 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81669-190-6, p/bk, $27.00
O manuscrito dos Estatutos da Universidade (1653): notas marginais e anotações para impressão
Authors: Bandeira Ana Maria Leitão
Published: August 2022

O manuscrito que serviu para a impressão dos Estatutos da Universidade, na oficina de Tomé Carvalho, em 1654, revela-se como um exemplar raro, no campo da história do livro impresso. A suas notas evidenciam preciosidades e são uma marginalia que engloba apontamentos, esparsos no texto, todas as sinalefas para divisão de colunas, tipos de letra, itálicos, pontuação, etc. Ao divulgar este manuscrito, pretende-se trazer à colação o diálogo entre impressores e autores, que ficou silenciado pelo tempo e do qual apenas tomamos conhecimento, quando se nos apresentam raridades, como a que agora se exibe. Fazendo um cotejo, entre algumas das páginas manuscritas com o exemplar impresso, procuramos entender como eram dadas as ordens aos compositores que, nos seus componedores, iam realizando um trabalho meticuloso, até que a obra final, da arte negra, era concluída. Também são dados a conhecer alguns elementos particulares do contrato feito com Manuel Carvalho, o genro do impressor Tomé Carvalho, para a impressão destes Estatutos que não chegou a concretizar, pela sua morte prematura, tendo sido seu sogro a cumprir o citado contrato.
Dúvidas e acertos sobre uma figura do tempo da Monarquia Dual Filipina quase desconhecida em Portugal: Constantino de Vasconcelos (ca 1600-1668)
Authors: De Matos Manuel Cadafaz
Published: August 2022

Constantino de Vasconcelos, nascido na cidade Braga (ou nessa região), nos começos do século XVII – que se veio a notabilizar, ao tempo da Coroa dual Filipina em territórios que hoje constituem o Perú, a Bolívia e o Chile, tanto na área de exploração mineira como na qualidade de arquiteto – continua a ser, apesar de tudo, uma figura praticamente desconhecida em Portugal. A prova disso é que nenhuma das três relativamente recentes biografias de Filipe I, Filipe II e Filipe III de Portugal lhe concede qualquer menção, sobre os seus feitos artísticos, científicos e militares na América latina (isso apesar dos estudos já desenvolvidos na universidade norte-americana de Yale e na Academia Real da História de Espanha). Quando muito continua a ser desconhecida a sua vida e ação artística em terras do Perú. No presente estudo procede-se apenas ao levantamento de diversas dúvidas e acertos quanto a primeira fase da sua atividade ibérica e de alguns dos seus contemporâneos, tanto em Portugal como em Espanha, entre começos daquele século e o ano de 1629, o da sua partida para o então Vice-Reino filipino.
Optimizing control of flea beetles through ecological engineering of vegetable agroecosystem in Kashmir
Authors: Maqsood Saima , Buhroo Abdul A , Sherwani Asma , Mukhtar Malik
Published: August 2022

Ecological engineering is a concept of habitat manipulation to reduce dependence on insecticides. It is the intentional involvement of plant communities and insectary plants in managed landscapes influencing natural enemies survival. These natural enemies lead to reduction in pest population in environmentally acceptable production practices. Field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 to evaluate impact of ecological engineering on the flea beetles, P. striolata and A. himensis and their natural enemies on brinjal crop. Three treatments with different plant species were worked out for pest management study. Results showed that Treatment I caused maximum increase in mean number of natural enemies (1.11/ 10 plants) which in turn brought maximum mean pest reduction. Treatment II caused second maximum increase in mean number of natural enemies (0.92/ 10 plants). Treatment III caused minimum increase in mean number of natural enemies (0.68/ 10 plants). The diversity of predators was documented in different treatments. Simpson’s diversity index, Shannon-Weiner index and Evenness index were found higher in Treatment I followed by Treatment II and Treatment III. The maximum mean % increase of natural enemies in main crop over control (250.52 %) with maximum mean % reduction of target pest (63.46 %) was observed in Treatment I. The mean % increase of natural enemies in main crop over control (167.44 %) with mean % reduction of target pest (54.41 %) was observed in Treatment II. The mean % increase of natural enemies in main crop over control (20.97%) with mean % reduction of target pest (48.88%) was observed in Treatment III.
Hegel’s Concept of Right
Authors: Horn Christoph
Published: August 2022

This article examines the foundations for the legitimacy of law from the perspective of Hegel’s philosophy. In a first step, Kant’s justification of law is discussed, as Hegel takes the Kantian model as a central point of (critical) reference. Then, in the Section 2, I discuss Hegel’s reasons for rejecting the main strategies of justification of the legal order: natural law, contractarianism and legal positivism. This is further followed by a discussion of the meaning and scope of Hegel’s contextualism, according to which there can be no practical normativity without a certain historical embedding. Finally, I describe a more traditional met-aphysical reading (supported among others by Kevin Thompson) that I consider to be the correct solution, contrasting it with Honneth’s theory of recognition and Bran-dom’s pragmatism.
Study of carbon nano-modifier of fly ash in cement concrete mixtures of civil engineering
Authors: Bieliatynskyi Andrii , Yang Shilin , Pershakov Valerii , Shao Meiyu , Ta Mingyang
Published: August 2022

Modern materials science has faced the problem of reducing the cost of raw materials and labor costs while obtaining basic construction materials (cement concrete) with increased performance properties. The article aims to substantiate the use of carbon nanotubes of fly ash as a cement concrete modifier to be reasonable for solving the above problem. Experimental studies are carried out using standard and special methods. The technological properties of cement concrete mixtures are determined in accordance with the European and American standards. The study investigates the impact of carbon nanotubes of fly ash on the structure and properties of the mineral Portland cement binder. The article provides the examination of structural and rheological characteristics of nano-modified cement concrete mixtures. The effect of a carbon nano-modifier on the strength, deformation, and performance properties of cement concrete mixtures is defined. As a result, the optimal composition of nano-modified cement concrete mixture has been developed that meets the criteria of concrete compressive strength and flowability. Positive research results allow determining the areas of application of the obtained compositions in civil engineering.
El problema de la viruela: gobernar en Puerto Rico en tiempos de epidemia, 1875-1876
Authors: Salcedo Chirinos César Augusto
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se analizan las acciones del gobierno de Puerto Rico para enfrentar una epidemia de viruela que se vivió entre 1875 y1876. Se parte del concepto policía médica para identificar las acciones de las autoridades que salvaguardaran la vida de la población. Se destacan los conflictos entre los gobiernos insular y municipal, ya que mientras el municipal intentaba poner en práctica medidas para evitar la llegada de la enfermedad, el insular las detenía para que no se afectara la economía. Entre las acciones del municipio de San Juan se destacan los esfuerzos para eliminar las murallas de la ciudad, una manera de acabar con la superpoblación de la ciudad; realizar una campaña de vacunación y revacunación contra la viruela, porque una parte importante de la población estaba sin vacunar; y establecer un lugar de aislamiento para separar a los contagiados pobres, para evitar el contagio del resto de la población. Esta epidemia fue significativa en la historia de la ciudad de San Juan, porque al finalizar se transformaron las estructuras sanitarias.
“De las fieras y las malas mujeres” en la literatura de la cultura occidental. Una mirada de larga duración
Authors: Magaña Fuentes Samuel Ignacio
Published: August 2022

En este artículo trataremos de reflexionar sobre la construcción del arquetipo de la “mala mujer” a través de la literatura. La larga duración nos permite observar los primeros destellos que el hombre tuvo sobre la “mujer mala”, considerada una bella y segunda creación que corrompe, desvía y pierde de toda “rectitud y virtud” al hombre. Analizaremos, a través de la interdisciplinariedad y con enfoques de historia cultural, historia intelectual e historia de género, la construcción del fenómeno cultural de la “mala mujer”, demostrando de qué manera dicho arquetipo ha permeado el inconsciente colectivo de las sociedades occidentales desde hace aproximadamente 3 000 años de antigüedad hasta muy entrada la época moderna.
La lucha contra la lepra y el paludismo en Michoacán durante el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas del Rio, 1934-1940
Authors: Espinoza Rodríguez Mayra Berenice
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo examina el inicio y desarrollo de las campañas de salud y prevención de enfermedades infectocontagiosas como lo fue la lepra y el paludismo en diversas regiones del estado de Michoacán durante el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas del Río. 1934-1940. A partir del registro de las campañas médicas se vislumbra las condiciones de higiene y salud de la población, así como diversos aspectos que el Estado buscó erradicar y controlar en diversos sectores de la población con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. El trabajo analiza mediante fuentes de archivo los esfuerzos de las autoridades posrevolucionarias por enseñar y promover una cultura de la prevención e higiene principalmente en las áreas rurales.
Destacadas coincidencias. La bonanza minera de La Luz y el rol del Colegio de la Purísima Concepción en la conformación de la clase política guanajuatense al mediar el siglo XIX
Authors: Preciado de Alba Carlos Armando
Published: August 2022

Tras la independencia de México fue claro el rol que debería tener la instrucción pública en el país. El gobierno de Guanajuato se dio a la tarea de reestructurar el Colegio de la Purísima Concepción, institución de origen jesuita fundada en 1732. El proyecto no solo buscaba la formación propiamente académica, sino que egresados y catedráticos deberían encabezar la vida política y cultural de la entidad. En el ámbito económico, la guerra había provocado una seria crisis minera. Fue a partir de 1840, gracias al inicio de una bonanza en el mineral de La Luz, que Guanajuato recobraría el protagonismo en este secotr. A partir de estas destacadas coincidencias, auge minero y presencia del Colegio, se explicará el proceso en el cual dichos letrados integraron gradual pero consistentemente la clase política guanajuatense.
La práctica de la astronomía en México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Domínguez Prieto Olivia
Published: August 2022

En este artículo se abordan los momentos más trascendentes en la consolidación de la astronomía en México, como disciplina científica, durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Particularmente, se describen tres hechos específicos: la creación del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (1863), la Comisión Mexicana Astronómica que viajó a Japón durante el año de 1874, encabezada por Francisco Díaz Covarrubias y la participación de los astrónomos de nuestro país en el Proyecto Carta del Cielo a partir de 1887. Asimismo, se abordan las relaciones que se generaron entre los astrónomos mexicanos y la comunidad científica internacional.
Marialba Pastor, Los pecados de la carne en el Nuevo Mundo. La visión española del indio americano
Authors: Atilano Gutiérrez Enrique , Chávez Aguilar Elizabeth Yazmín
Published: August 2022

Reseña a: Marialba Pastor, Los pecados de la carne en el Nuevo Mundo. La visión española del indio americano.
Francisco Antúnez Madrigal (Claudia Patricia Guajardo Garza, editora literaria), Notas para una historia de la imprenta en Aguascalientes
Authors: Ramírez Hurtado Luciano
Published: August 2022

Reseña a: Francisco Antúnez Madrigal (Claudia Patricia Guajardo Garza, editora literaria), Notas para una historia de la imprenta en Aguascalientes.
Evidence for the southernmost pre-industrial human expansion on Isla Hornos (Isla Lököshpi), Chile
Authors: Buma Brian , Morello Flavia , Rodriguez Karina , Fillol Alberto Serrano
Published: August 2022

The authors provide an initial report on possibly the southernmost expansion of humans in pre-industrial times. The archaeological site, in the Cape Horn archipelago, consists of a campfire site, fragments of a weapon, and butchered bones. Radiocarbon dating places the site c. 260–460 years BP.
Moderately Eccentric: Evidence for Dimensionality in the Latent Structure of Schizotypal Personality Features
Authors: Machado Gisele Magarotto , Hauck-Filho Nelson , Gomes Gabriel Vitor Aioly , Hofstatter Letícia Marin , Carvalho Lucas de Francisco
Published: August 2022

The authors investigated the latent structure of schizotypal personality features using taxometric analysis in a large sample of individuals from clinical and nonclinical populations. A total of 7,072 community adults and 270 psychiatric patients participated in the study by responding to the eccentricity, distrust, and isolation scales from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP). Data were analyzed using three different taxometric techniques, MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode. The indicators proved valid for the taxometric analysis (d ≥ 1.25). The comparison curve fit index (CCFI) coefficients from the three methods used were close to zero, and the average CCFI was lower than .40, clearly indicating a dimensional structure for schizotypal personality features. These findings suggest that schizotypal personality traits occur in levels, with no evidence of any natural boundary between clinical and nonclinical manifestations. Results from other studies that were consistent with a categorical structure may be due to methodological weaknesses.
Diagnosis of the level of cultural intelligence among students of economics universities in Poland
Authors:   Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Poland, Teneta-Skwiercz Dorota
Published: August 2022

An analysis of literature shows that higher education institutions can actively influence the development of students' cultural intelligence (CQ) and thus express their social responsibility. The article's main aim is to diagnose the level of cultural intelligence among students of public economics universities in Poland and to determine the relationship between CQ and factors such as field of study, degree, and gender. This article was developed using research methods such as literature analysis, organizational documentation analysis, participant observation, and a Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) survey. The respondents were second-year full-time students, both bachelor and master’s degree, of two majors: Management and International Economic Relations (in Polish Międzynarodowe Stosunki Gospodarcze – MSG for short). The study shows that the cultural intelligence of students of public economics universities in Poland is relatively high. No influence of gender on CQ was determined. Contrary to assumptions, it was not observed that MSG studies influence students' CQ development. The correlation between the degree of reflection and the level of cultural intelligence differs depending on the field of study. At each of the three universities studied, no significant differences were found in the overall level of cultural intelligence between students of the two studied majors.
Boosting creativity in co-creation with consumers in the fuzzy front-end of new product development: A literature review and organising framework
Authors:   Kozminski University, Poland, Olszewski Mieszko
Published: August 2022

Interest in consumer co-creation in the fuzzy front-end of the new product development (NPD) process has increased in recent years. It is generally acknowledged that integrating consumers into collaborative idea generation leverages the potential of social interactions, knowledge sharing and collective creativity, and it may improve the success of NPD. Despite extensive literature on value co-creation, little is known about how creativity can be enhanced and encouraged in this process. Based on a thorough literature review, the author develops an organising framework and six propositions on how creativity can be stimulated at the fuzzy front-end of the innovation process. By exploring the relevant literature, this study extends the understanding of the role that creativity plays in co-creation for NPD and provides some guidelines that may help boost the creative output and interest in co-creation activities during the development stage of an idea.
O livro ilustrado sob diferentes olhares: uma análise verbo-visual e de recepção de A visita de Antje Damm
Authors: Alves de Melo Camila , Nunes Marília
Published: August 2022

Este estudo toma como foco a materialidade do livro infantil ilustrado A visita, de Antje Damm, a partir de um duplo olhar: o da análise verbo-visual e o da recepção da obra entre leitores brasileiros de diferentes idades, a partir de resenhas escritas por usuários do Skoob, uma rede social brasileira destinada exclusivamente aos livros. A análise verbo-visual aponta que o texto visual não é meramente descritivo, representando estritamente aquilo que está presente no texto verbal. Ao contrário, a visualidade oferece algumas chaves potentes de reflexão ao leitor, às vezes deixando que a leitura das imagens se sobressaia na produção de sentidos. A análise de recepção mostra que os leitores percebem e destacam a importância e a qualidade da visualidade na construção da narrativa, bem como expressam a capacidade do livro de evocar emoções de diferentes ordens. Os leitores também pontuam a potência da obra em dialogar com diferentes grupos etários, não se restringindo ao público infantil, a quem originalmente se destina. A visita é um livro ilustrado que exige de leitores de todas as idades um olhar sensível e competente, com especial abertura para as potencialidades da visualidade.
Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of UkraineE: A 30-year-Old Road
Authors:   State Institution “Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Lyalko V. I. , Popov M. О. ,   State Institution “Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Sedlerova O. V. ,   State Institution “Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Khyzhniak A. V. ,   State Institution “Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Science of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”
Published: August 2022

The paper was prepared in connection with the 30th anniversary of the “State Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth IGS NAS of Ukraine”. The article briefly describes the history of the development of aerospace exploration of the Earth in Ukraine and the role of the Centre in remote sensing research provided by institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The history of the Centre, its scientific academic schools, and main areas of research are presented, and the prospects for further development are outlined. We describe the current organizational structure of the Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth and the achievements of the scientific team. The analysis of the contribution of its employees to the development of aerospace research in Ukraine and international activities of the Centre are presented. Further prospects and plans for the development of scientific research at the Centre, which cover the basic principles of the development of world society determined by the UN decisions on sustainable development, are considered.
Ionospheric effects from rocket launches against the background of geospace storms
Authors:   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Luo Y. , Chernogor L. F. ,   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv, Zhdanko Y. H. ,   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv
Published: August 2022

Ionospheric effects accompanying launches and maneuvering system thruster firings of large rockets have been studied for about 60 years. Fairly complete and adequate models of generation and propagation of disturbances, which are caused by launches and maneuvering system thruster firings of large rockets in the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere (EAIM) system, are absent at present. It turns out a number of physical effects during ionospheric storms and rocket launches are similar. Therefore, the presence of ionospheric storm significantly complicates the search for the ionospheric response to the spacecraft launches. The aim of this study is to describe the results of observation of the ionospheric processes that accompanied rocket launches and maneuvering system thruster firings against the background of ionospheric storms. To analyze the measurements, observational data of the state of the ionosphere before, at the time, and after Soyuz and Proton rocket launches from the Baikonur cosmodrome (the Republic of Kazakhstan) were used. Observations were made at the Radiophysical Observatory of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (near Kharkiv city, Ukraine). The Doppler vertical sounding radar was used for the measurements. Observations were made during solar cycle 24 (2009—2021). The number of the Soyuz rocket launches is 81, and 53 launches of the Proton rocket. Identification of the ionospheric response to the launch and maneuvering system thruster firings of a large rocket 2000 km away from the observation site against the background of a geospace storm by the Doppler method is usually possible at Kpmax   5, and at its larger values is very complicated or even impossible. In a number of cases, even though Kpmax = 4 the determination of the ionospheric response is complicated. To increase the detection reliability of the response to the launch and maneuvering system thruster firings of the rocket, the Doppler radar has to operate on a number of frequencies in the frequency range from 1.5...2 to 4…6 MHz. The existence of several groups of horizontal apparent speeds of disturbance propagation is confirmed: 1.7...3 km and more, 700...1000, 300...700, 150...260 m/s.
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION OF HPAI H5N8-BULGARIAN EXPERIENCE DURING THE EPIZOOTIC WAVE IN 2016/2017
Authors: Goujgoulova G. , Stoimenov G.
Published: August 2022

In the 4 months spanning the 2016/2017 winter (October – January), HPAI H5N8 was the predominant serotype throughout European countries. Bulgaria, an important geographical location for migratory birds crossing Europe through the two major migratory flyways for Africa, was heavily affected with HPAI H5N8 outbreaks. The first detection of HPAI virus serotype H5N8 in Bulgaria was on the 19th of December 2016 in the Vidin region. Subsequently many outbreaks in wild birds and domestic poultry were reported in 15 different administrative regions. By the end of January 2017, the HPAI H5N8 strain was detected in domestic poultry, game birds, wild waterfowl, and zoo birds. The observed and reported symptoms were discoordination, laboured breathing, ataxia, opisthotonos, watery diarrhoea, sudden death, high mortality, weakness, and recumbency. In wild birds data for high mortality was only available for some species, with well-defined hyperaemia of the meninges and brain congestion with a singular haemorrhage being mainly observed, particularly in Dalmatian pelicans. These observations showcase the importance of rapid and accurate detection and subtyping of these HPAI viruses by research laboratories. To tackle this issue, the National Reference laboratory for Influenza A and Newcastle disease in Sofia adapted a modified real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of the N8 subtype in domestic and wild birds. The aim of this study is to present a Bulgarian experience in diagnosis of HPAI H5N8 subtype during 2016/2017 epizootic wave.
BURNOUT SYNDROME IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS
Authors: Stoyanov V.
Published: August 2022

Objective: Occupational burnout occurs more often among doctors than among those working in other sectors. It is an indisputable fact that medics whose work requires almost continuous contact with people are more prone to burnout. It is noticed that the burnout syndrome affects doctors at all stages of their careers - from residents to experienced practitioners.
Methods:. This paper performs a literature review on the frequency and causes of professional burnout among resident doctors.
Results: The results of numerous large-scale studies are conclusive that the intensive workload of doctors, including night shifts and overtime, and the lack of work-life balance, due to the numerous resident duties, are the most common predisposing factors for the development of burnout syndrome in resident doctors. Another important conclusion from these studies is that a high level of BOS is mainly associated with depression and inadequate patient care.
Conclusions: Professional burnout syndrome among resident doctors is an ongoing issue. It is then required that additional subjects, such as building skills to recognize and combat stress and implement strategies to overcome it, should be included in resident doctors training programmers.
Apresentação
Authors: França Nirvana , Beluzzi Ethel
Published: August 2022

Nascido há mais de 2.500 anos, na Índia, o budismo se apresenta como uma das cinco grandes religiões mundiais, tendo mais de 506 milhões de adeptos (World Population Review, 2022). Ao redor do mundo, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas para conhecer tanto a religião quanto a filosofia budista, mas em termos de Brasil, isso ainda é um assunto pouco abordado.
Uma ilusão de crescimento - o declínio do budismo no Brasil
Authors: França Nirvana Oliveira Moraes Galvão , Jun Yu
Published: August 2022

O budismo é a quarta maior religião do mundo, reunindo cerca de meio bilhão de seguidores. No Brasil, por outro lado, esta religião representa uma parcela muito pequena da população, cerca de apenas 0,13%, num total de 245 mil budistas. Contudo existe uma ilusão de que há um crescimento do budismo no Brasil, pois tem ocorrido um despertar pela indústria do bem-estar, em especial em meditações mindfullness, workshops e imersões de meditações, páginas de jornais e revistas tratam sobre este assunto. Mas este despertar pelo orientalismo não se reflete no número de seguidores do budismo no Brasil. Se compararmos o crescimento do budismo ao longo do CENSO com o crescimento da população brasileira no mesmo período, veremos que o budismo não cresceu na mesma proporção, o que representa um decréscimo na proporção da população do número de adeptos. Para compor o presente ensaio foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, análise dos dados históricos do CENSO e análise crítica da situação.
Princípio pluralista e literatura: novas possibilidades de existência
Authors: Sousa Luis Fernando De Carvalho
Published: August 2022

A presente discussão pretende relacionar a temática da literatura de Lourenço Mutarelli, a filosofia de Deleuze e Guattari com o princípio pluralista. A proposta consiste em sinalizar os elementos convergentes nas obras de Mutarelli com a proposta teológica pluralista. Para tanto analisará as obras: O Natimorto; Nada me faltará e O cheiro do ralo visando evidenciar as tônicas teológicas que nela existem e apresenta-las numa proposta de libertação comprometida com a vida e com a emancipação humana.
Gênesis da inclusão: narrativas sobre a fundação das Metropolitan Community Churches
Authors: Pádua Freire Ana Ester
Published: August 2022

As tensas relações que se dão entre as dissidências sexuais e de gênero e o cristianismo tradicional e hegemônico revelam momentos de ruptura e continuidade. Rompendo com a exclusão de pessoas LGBT, mas continuando dentro da história do cristianismo, surgem as igrejas inclusivas que se apresentam como espaços de resistência aos discursos de ódio perpetrados pelos fundamentalismos religiosos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo resgatar a memória de como o processo de inclusão se desenvolveu a partir da fundação das Metropolitan Community Churches. O que essa possível gênese das igrejas inclusivas revela é que o mesmo espírito de insurreição que marca a fundação dessa denominação faz-se ainda necessário diante de um cenário de recrudescimento da violência contra as pessoas LGBT.
Virgem Maria e as representações do gênero feminino
Authors: De Andrade Renata Fernandes Maia
Published: August 2022

As mulheres foram peças-chave para a criação da sociedade, mas durante séculos fomos silenciadas das participações nos processos históricos. Às mulheres sempre foi negado um passado. Desconstruir esse apagamento é tarefa urgente. Precisamos, agora, escrever sobre o nosso passado e apresentar toda a nossa contribuição à humanidade. Por isso, nesse texto, buscamos analisar como as imagens produzidas sobre Virgem Maria contribuíram para a construção de representações do gênero feminino. Dessa forma abordamos o conceito de representação construído pelo historiador Roger Chartier, uma vez que nos parece adequado para a compreensão dessa proposta de análise. É um conceito complexo em que o autor afirma que as relações de poder e força estão presentes na construção das representações de uma determinada sociedade.
ERNAUX, Annie. O ACONTECIMENTO
Authors: Menezes Nilza
Published: August 2022

Recentemente lançado no Brasil, pela Editora Fósforo, com tradução de Isadora de Araújo Pontes, o livro O Acontecimento, é uma autobiografia da escritora e professora francesa Annie Ernaux, publicado na França no ano de 2000. É uma leitura essencial para pensarmos sobre o aborto, e nos riscos e violências sofridos pelas mulheres, pois ainda hoje no Brasil, esse é um tema polêmico e presente nas pautas do movimento de mulheres e dos estudos de gênero.
Inspirações das “mulheres de Lesbos”: a imaginação encarnada na defesa de direitos humanos de mulheres lésbicas nos círculos sagrados
Authors: Franco Clarissa De
Published: August 2022

ResumoO artigo aborda algumas iniciativas de defesa do direito à vivência do amor homoafetivo de mulheres lésbicas e direito à sua pertença em grupos ligados aos Círculos Sagrados de Mulheres e também coletivos que associam autoconhecimento e espiritualidade. A partir da metodologia junguiana, que trabalha com a compreensão dos fenômenos por meio dos símbolos e da imaginação encarnada, o texto traz como inspiração as “mulheres de Lesbos” e a poesia de Safo para amarrar tais iniciativas, a despeito de também reconhecer os estigmas e preconceitos que ainda são produzidos e mantidos em alguns destes espaços.
As reformas franciscanas: entre mudar para permanecer e permanecer para mudar
Authors: Buttignol Fernando Cesar , Godoy João Miguel Teixeira de
Published: August 2022

As demandas colocadas pelas mudanças de valores na sociedade, envolvendo a questão das mulheres, LGBTs, entre outras, apelam para uma tomada de posição da Igreja Católica como um todo, e não apenas para seus integrantes individualmente. Num ambiente em que a sociedade se abre ao futuro e ao diferente, as pessoas, bem como as instituições, ficam sujeitas à obrigação de ter que escolher entre as várias possibilidades de ser, de pensar e de fazer. Isso tudo lança luz sobre as instâncias de decisão da Igreja Católica, do seu sistema de direção bem como de sua superestrutura teológica. Apresentaremos a seguir a avaliação de alguns analistas e estudiosos do conjunto social da Igreja Católica Romana diante da questão da diversidade sexual.
Large nocturnal roosting aggregations and mass movements of Whiskered Terns in Liuwa Plain National Park, Zambia
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Gula Jonah , Martin Camden , Mungole Amukena ,   African Parks Zambia, Botha Andre ,   Endangered Wildlife Trust
Published: August 2022

The Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) is little studied in southern Africa. In Zambia, it is primarily found in the south and west of the country, where the Barotse Floodplain and Kafue Flats are known to contain substantial numbers of terns. Although the species is common in Liuwa Plain National Park, there are no high counts. While in Liuwa in July 2021, we observed over 1,600 Whiskered Terns at a nocturnal roost, which was located on floating vegetation in the middle of a pan. In June 2022 we observed three large nocturnal roosts ranging from 400–725 terns as well as large early morning movements of as many as 850 terns dispersing towards floodplains outside Liuwa. Our observation in 2021 represents one of the highest concentrations of Whiskered Terns recorded in southern Africa and those in 2022 suggest terns may commute tens of kilometers to forage during the day but return to Liuwa to roost communally.
Determination of preservatives in liquids by piezosensors
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, Vu Hoang Yen ,   Voronezh State University, Zyablov A. N. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: August 2022

In the current study, piezosensors based on the molecularly imprinted polyimides with imprints of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were obtained. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using a polyimide and a non-covalent imprinting technique. It was established that the use of 0.1 g/mL template concentration at the thermochemical stage led to the formation of the maximum number of molecular imprints on the film surface. Using the scanning force microscopy, it was found that the reference polymer film had a uniform surface with a small height difference from 1.4 to 2.6 nm (including 88.94 % of pores with a radius of up to 10 nm) and had good film thickness reproducibility. The surface morphology of films of molecularly imprinted polymers with imprints of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate had more developed surface, which was associated with the peculiarities of the formation of imprints. In this work, imprinting factor (IF) and selectivity coefficient (k) of the sensor were calculated. Molecularly imprinted polymers had better selectivity, sensitivity, and ability to recognize target template molecules than the reference polymers (non-imprinted polymers). Molecularly imprinted polymer-modified piezoelectric sensors (MIP sensors) have been used to analyze potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks. The linear concentration range was identified to be 5 - 500 mg/L and the limit of detection for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 1.6 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The determination of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks was carried out by MIP sensors and spectrophotometry method. The results obtained by the sensors and the spectrophotometry method were in good agreement. The concentration of preservatives for the potassium sorbate and the sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks was 130 - 176 mg/L and 129 - 146 mg/L, respectively.
Using equilibrium thermodynamics to study thermochemical processes in arc discharges used in atomic emission spectral analysis (review)
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Pupyshev A. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: August 2022

Until the beginning of the 21st century, the arc discharge was the main source of excitation of the atomic spectra of elements during routine atomic emission spectral analysis. The wide application of this spectral source at the same time aroused great interest of analysts in the study of complex thermochemical processes occurring at its electrodes and in the discharge plasma. This was due to the need to improve the metrological and informational characteristics of the analysis. Equilibrium thermodynamics has often been used to carry out such studies. It is shown that three levels of the thermodynamic approach can be distinguished here, differing in the complexity of the applied apparatus of thermodynamics and the information content of the results obtained. Numerous examples of the application of these levels of approach to the study of thermochemical processes occurring in the electrode or in the discharge plasma are given. The main advantages and disadvantages of the approaches used, which provide only qualitative information about the ongoing processes, are noted. The main disadvantage is the impossibility of predicting the composition of the arc plasma from the initial composition of the condensed sample. The most informative is the generalized thermodynamic model of thermochemical processes in a DC arc discharge from the sample surface and from the electrode crater. The model is based on the division of a non-stationary non-equilibrium system of an arc discharge into successive quasi-stationary subsystems. They correspond to the stage of sample evaporation and thermochemical transformation of its components in the discharge plasma. According to the model, the total equilibrium composition of the evaporated sample is initially calculated. This determines the initial composition of the arc plasma. Then, the total equilibrium composition of the arc plasma is calculated and the transition to the intensities of the spectral lines of the analytes is performed. The correctness of the generalized model, which gives semi-quantitative results, is confirmed by comparison with experimental data.