bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the effects of internal control system on crisis management skills
Authors: Aksoy Tamer , Saglam Murat
Published: October 2020

This study examines the effects of the effectiveness of the internal control system (ICS) on crisis management skills (before, during, and after the crisis) in the event of a disaster through the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) Fire Service Department.   Methodologically, a comprehensive survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 251 workers of the IMM fire service department located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 used to analyze data by running among other reliability tests, T-Test, ANOVA, and Regression analysis.  The results of the study indicated that ICS of the Fire Service Department of IMM showed high levels of effectiveness in the event of a disaster and that the institution has a high level of crisis management skills. In addition, the study found that a high positive relationship existed between ICS and Crisis Management Skills of the IMM fire service department before, during, and after the crisis in the event of a disaster. Finally, the study revealed that, ICS has a positive and high impact on IMM crisis management skills before, during, and after the crisis, and that the effectiveness of ICS had increased the crisis management skills of the institution.
DEMANDAS PIBIC/UFT: 15 ANOS DE TRAJETÓRIA
Authors: Pimenta Raphael Sanzio , Junqueira Pereira Renata , Nobre L. do Nascimento Guilherme
Published: October 2020

DEMANDAS PIBIC/UFT: 15 ANOS DE TRAJETÓRIA
IMUNOSSUPRESSÃO DE OPERÁRIAS DA FORMIGA-CORTADEIRA Atta sexdens SOB EFEITO DO ZINCO
Authors: De Souza Danival José , Teles Tenório Amanda Caroline , Santos Silva Cynthia Lhourrana
Published: October 2020

As formigas-cortadeiras têm grande importância econômica, já que podem cortar e utilizar ampla diversidade de espécies vegetais cultivadas pelo homem. Este trabalho estudou os efeitos do zinco nas formas de cloreto e sulfato sobre o sistema imune da formiga-cortadeira Atta sexdens. Os experimentos consistiram na imersão das formigas em soluções de sulfato de zinco (ZnSO4) e cloreto de zinco (ZnCl2). Para a contagem total de hemócitos, foi feita a retirada da hemolinfa, e a concentração de hemócitos foi submetida à análise de variância pelo teste F (p ≤ 0,05) seguida por regressão polinomial (p ≤ 0,05). A encapsulação foi medida por meio do implante de um monofilamento de nylon, um antígeno inerte, nas operárias e taxa média de encapsulação dos diferentes tratamentos foi submetida à análise da variância pelo teste F (p ≤ 0,05) seguido pelo teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As diferentes formas de sais de zinco diminuíram significativamente a concentração de hemócitos das operárias. A taxa de encapsulação não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O sulfato de zinco apresentou-se mais eficiente na redução dos hemócitos em relação ao cloreto de zinco, pois reduziram significativamente a imunidade desses insetos.
PALMAS IRREGULAR- PELO DIREITO À CIDADE. NÚCLEOS URBANOS INFORMAIS EM PALMAS/TO – CONFRONTAMENTO E VISIBILIDADE
Authors: Dias Hiar Letícia , De Campos Maia Olivia
Published: October 2020

Este artigo traz parte dos resultados da pesquisa “Palmas Irregular pelo direito à Cidade”, realizada entre os anos de 2017 e 2019 no LabCidades/ Universidade Federal do Tocantins. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é levantar, sistematizar e interpretar dados sobre as condições sociais, ambientais, urbanísticas, jurídicas e de infraestrutura de cinco dos mais representativos Núcleos Urbanos Informais da capital tocantinense, denominados: Taquari, Vila Piauí, Belo Horizonte, Lago Norte e Córrego Machado. O objetivo específico neste artigo é apresentar o histórico de formação desses Núcleos, uma vez que tais dados são extremamente escassos, ambíguos e muitas vezes inexistes, por se tratar de uma parcela marginalizada e ignorada da população. Foram realizadas pesquisas em fontes oficiais, extraoficiais, mídias jornalísticas e entrevistas orais abertas e fechadas realizadas com moradores e lideranças locais. Desta forma, foi possível identificar diferentes versões da história, realizar confrontamentos, observar e contribuir para o preenchimento de lacunas, no intuito de trazer à luz uma grande parcela da população e suas demandas por políticas públicas e direito à cidade.
A CHEGADA DO OUTRO EM BARRA DO OURO – TO E A EXPULSÃO DAS COMUNIDADES CAMPONESAS NA GLEBA TAUÁ PARA A EXPANSÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Nascimento de Sousa Filho Hudson , Pereira Lopes Alberto
Published: October 2020

RESUMO

Ressalta-se que o presente trabalho acadêmico foi realizado com objetivos de: analisar o conflito e a conflitualidade na Gleba Tauá, município de Barra do Ouro, norte do Tocantins, a respeito da expulsão de posseiras(os) que vivem há mais de 60 anos na região para ocupar os grileiros produtores de soja, apontando ainda as formas de vida das famílias e de uso reciproco da terra que se contrapõem às formas destrutivas das quais o capital se apropria para utilização do mesmo espaço geográfico. Fazendo desta pesquisa um construto de reflexões materialistas históricas e dialéticas com ênfase no acontecer político expresso pelo movimento recorrente da relação entre estrutura e dinâmica do conflito e da conflitualidade ocorrente na gleba. Questões oriundas devido expansão da territorialização do capital do agronegócio sobre os territórios dos tradicionais povos viventes no estado tocantinense, encontrando-se em aglomerados de exclusão reterritorializados de forma precária nesse espaço geográfico. Mas, entretanto, re-existes na medida em que fazem da agricultura familiar seu modo de existência e resistência à frente pioneira da economia agroindustrial moderna.

Palavras-chave: Territórios Tradicionais. Conflitualidade. Agronegócio.
MONTAGEM DE COLEÇÃO DE CORAÇÕES CRIODESIDRATADOS DE ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS
Authors: Da Silva de Miranda Raissa Mêneses , Scarpa Bosso Andréa Cristina
Published: October 2020

A utilização de técnicas de conservação de materiais para estudo anatômico auxilia na didática das aulas e na transmissão do conhecimento anatômico, além de prolongar o tempo de uso de peças frescas e protegê-los de microrganismos deteriorantes inerentes aos cadáveres. Dentre diversas técnicas de conservação está o processo de criodesidratação, que, com o uso de formaldeído e posterior exposição das peças a sucessivos congelamentos e descongelamentos, torna-as, duráveis e leves. Nesse trabalho empregou-se a técnica de criodesidratação descrita por TEIXEIRA, et al. (1990) e TEIXEIRA FILHO, et al. (1996) em corações de diferentes espécies. O objetivo desse projeto foi testar essa técnica e a ampliação da coleção do Laboratório de Anatomia Animal da EMVZ/UFT – Campus Araguaína, com elementos anatômicos facilmente acondicionáveis, com grande durabilidade e, principalmente, a baixo custo. Acompanhou-se a perda de massa de cada peça nas diferentes etapas do processo e, ao final do processo, a média final de desidratação coincidiu com valores médios propostos pela literatura. O material produzido por esse estudo ficará disponível no laboratório de Anatomia Animal da EMVZ/UFT a disposição dos alunos e professores, servindo como subsídio para o ensino das disciplinas de ciências morfológicas, de técnicas cirúrgicas e projetos de extensão universitária.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE ÍNDICES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS E MARCADORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Cavalcante Adênila Araújo , Silva Kellen Cristine , Alves Rafaella Lemos , Santos Lara Camargo , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro , Priore Silvia Eloiza
Published: October 2020

Índices antropométricos tem sido utilizados para rastrear risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares entre adultos e idosos, e quanto mais precocemente este risco é detectado, maiores as chances de diminuir a ocorrência de ataques cardíacos e infarto. Portanto, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a associação entre índices antropométricos e marcadores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes. A população do estudo foi selecionada por conveniência e totalizou 72 sujeitos de 10 a 19 anos. Os índices antropométricos utilizados foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC), perímetro da cintura (PC), razão cintura-estatura (RCE) e perímetro do pescoço (PP). Pressão arterial, glicemia e perfil lipídico constituíram os marcadores de risco cardiovascular. Para identificar a associação entre as variáveis utilizou-se o Teste do Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Observou-se que 22% dos adolescentes apresentaram IMC inadequado, 18,1% PC elevado, 13,5% RCE maior que 0,5 e 83% PP acima do recomendado. IMC, PC e RCE foram associados à pressão arterial e colesterol total elevados. Conclui-se que índices antropométricos estão associados à marcadores de risco cardiovascular na adolescência. Portanto, a antropometria pode ser uma ferramenta útil no rastreamento de indivíduos com risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares precocemente.
ANÁLISE IN SILICO DOS GENES DA FAMÍLIA MADS-BOX EM ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Ságio Solange , Rodrigues de Souza Micaele , Almeida Lima André , Gomes Barreto Horllys
Published: October 2020

High temperatures can negatively affect lettuce production by promoting early bolting, which leads to increased levels of latex accumulation in the leaves, causing them to become bitter. The lack of adaptation of this culture to such conditions made it an object of study for plant breeding programs, resulting in well succeeded studies. However, little is known about the genes that regulate lettuce flowering. A better understanding of the complex genic interactions involved in the process of lettuce floral initiation is of great importance, since it can enable the development of late-bolting cultivars through plant genetic transformation. MADS-box transcriptional factors are key flowering regulators and have been extensively studied during the flowering process in several species. Thus, this study aimed to identify and characterize the Lettuce MADS-box gene family through the use of bioinformatics tools. The computational analysis consisted in gene prediction, alignment, and phylogenetic analysis. 91 sequences of putative MADS-box genes were identified and characterized by a phylogenetic study of 20 MADS-box genes. Future studies comprising mutants for these genes in plant model species and in lettuce will enable a better understanding of the functions performed by these genes during lettuce flowering, as well as, a better comprehension of this process.
A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ALIEN PLANT INVASION IN MIZORAM, INDIA
Authors: Sengupta Rabishankar , Sekhar Dash Sudhansu
Published: October 2020

Invasion by alien plants has a detrimental effect on the natural forest plant community, leading to the loss of native species. An inventory of alien plants facilitates in determining the potential threats to the natural plant biodiversity. This present paper evaluates the alien plants in Mizoram (an Indo-Burma hotspot region) and provides the first authentic inventory of alien plants of Mizoram along with their diversity, ecological aspects, origin, and status of invasion. Extensive field surveys were done during July 2018 to September 2019 in different protected areas of Mizoram. We adopted Random Sampling Technique using nested quadrats in a plot size of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m), within which a quadrate size of 5 m × 5 m was laid for shrubs and 1 m × 1 m was laid for herbs. Plant specimens were collected, dried, poisoned with 0.1% Mercuric Chloride (MgCl2); voucher specimens were prepared and deposited in Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India (CAL) after proper identification.The results revealed the occurrence of 163 alien plant species under 135 genera belonging to 51 families in Mizoram. Maximum species were represented by family Asteraceae with 29 species followed by Leguminosae (19 species), Convolvulaceae (9 species), Euphorbiaceae (7 species) and Amaranthaceae (7 species). The 57.66% of the alien species reported from Mizoram were of American origin followed by 11.65 % from African, 7.36% from Mexican and 5.52% from Australian origin. Life form analysis revealed the presence of 58.64 % herbs, 15.43 % trees and 9.87% shrubs. Out of the whole alien plants recorded, 91 species used in traditional medicines, 43 species as ornamental, 15 species were edibles, nine species used as timber and four species used as green manure. The study also recommends the ten most obnoxious species, five neo-invasive plants, which have the greatest potential threats to the native flora. The process and probable causes of invasion in the state were also discussed briefly, which may be utilized in the preparation of conservation or forest management policies.
THE GROWTH OF LOCAL TREE SPECIES ON POST-COAL MINING AREAS IN EAST KALIMANTAN
Authors: Adman Burhanuddin , Wahyu Nugroho Ardiyanto , Yassir Ishak
Published: October 2020

Post-coal mining areas need rehabilitation to restore its functionality. Not all plants could grow well on bare ex-coal mining area because of the excessive light intensity and extreme temperature fluctuations. This study is aimed to determine suitable local tree species for rehabilitating mined areas. Planting was carried out in November 2012, and observations were made in November 2015. The study site was in the district of Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Research results revealed that seven tree species survived well in the ex-coal mining land, i.e., Vitex pinnata L., Syzygium scortechinii (Merr.) Merr. & Perry, Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck, Macaranga motleyana (Mull.Arg.) Mull.Arg., Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Kurz and Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry. From the seven species V. pinnata, Sy. scortechinii and Sy. polyanthum performed best in both survival and growth rates. This study suggests those three species are excellent local tree species for ex-coal mining rehabilitation, not only because of their high survival rate (≥80%) and fast-growing but also they produce favourable fruits and flowers for wildlife.
Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Perkuliahan Naḥwu dengan Sistem Daring
Authors: Muhammad Jundi
Published: October 2020

This article aims to describe students’ perceptions of naḥwu 2 lecture with online system for 4th-semester students in the Arabic Language Department, IAIN Sultan Amai, Gorontalo. The study was conducted in a survey type with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques by Milles and Huberman, including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Research results: (1) Online lecture for naḥwu 2 is carried out with deductive methods in the form of lectures, memorizing Matn al-Ājurrūmīyah, and group material presentation; (2) As many as 46.15% of respondents stated that the material was not well presented. The influencing factors are group presentation and network quality. Only 53.85% of respondents stated that the understanding they got after attending naḥwu 2 lectures online was quite good. As many as 84.62% of respondents stated that memorization of the matn had a positive effect on understanding the material and the ability to take words. According to them, online lecture are considered ineffective in naḥwu 2. The retention of the material they get is not comparable to the funds they spend on internet quota needs during naḥwu 2 online lecture.
Metode Hafalan dalam Pembelajaran Naḥwu di Madrasah Diniyah Kyai Mojo, Tembelang, Jombang
Authors: Rusyadi Muhammad Hilmi Bahar , Muassomah
Published: October 2020

Many studies that discuss learning methods naḥwu, there is no method that can be accurate to be applied to all Madrasahs. Madrasah Diniyah Kyai Mojo, Tembelang, Jombang, is one of the Madrasahs that applies the rote method to improve the quality of understanding naḥwu. The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of memorization methods in Madrasah Diniyah Kyai Mojo, Tembelang, Jombang, in improving the quality of students’ understanding of naḥwu. This study uses descriptive qualitative, and the instrument for collecting data using direct observation, and unstructured interviews. The results of this study indicate that the application of the memorization method in improving naḥwu in the Madrasah Kyai Mojo, Tembelang, Jombang consists of two stages, namely the preparation stage and the implementation and evaluation stages. The study concludes that the memorization method is very helpful in improving the quality of students’ understanding of naḥwu, even though the level of understanding is still at the level of translating and interpreting and has not yet reached the stage of extrapolating (estimating). his study suggests teachers be creative in using learning methods by paying attention to situations and conditions so that learning is not monotonous by using one method.
Pre- and Postoperative Parameters on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Continence Recovery after Laparoscopic Radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Bin , Yan Ye , Hao Yichang , Huang Yi , Ma Lulin
Published: October 2020

Background: To evaluate the association between pre- and postoperative parameters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and continence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods: 73 patients who underwent LRP were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic outcomes and several MRI parameters before and after surgery were evaluated. Continence was defined as no pad per day. Early continence recovery was defined as continence recovery within 3 months. Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank test were used to compare time to continence recovery. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of continence recovery after LRP.Results: Patients with smaller prostatic volume, shorter intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL), longer preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL), lower MUL-removal rate, triangular vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) and neurovascular bundle sparing experienced a faster continence recovery (All, p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed IPPL (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, p = 0.044), preoperative MUL (HR: 1.10, p = 0.032), MUL-removal rate (HR: 0.91, p = 0.007) and shape of VUA (square vs. triangle, HR: 2.30, p = 0.012) were independent predictors of continence recovery after LRP.Conclusion: IPPL, preoperative MUL, MUL-removal rate and shape of VUA were promising parameters on MRI for predicting continence recovery after LRP.
Psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form in Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients
Authors: Zhang Panwen , Ouyang Zirong , Fang Shulin , He Jiayue , Fan Lejia , Luo Xingwei , Zhang Jianghua , Xiong Yan , Luo Fusheng , Wang Xiaosheng , Yao Shuqiao , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2020

Background: The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) is a 25-item measuring tool evaluating maladaptive personality traits for the diagnosis of personality disorders(PDs). As a promising scale, its impressive psychometric properties have been verified in some countries, however, there have no studies about the utility of PID-5-BF in Chinese settings. The current study aimed to explore the maladaptive personality factor model which was culturally adapted in China and examine psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form among Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients.Methods: 7155 undergraduate students and 451 clinical patients completed the Chinese version of PID-5-BF. 228 students were chosen randomly for test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to discover the most suitable construct in Chinese, measurement invariance(MI), internal consistency, and external validity were also calculated.Results: An exploratory six-factor model was supported more suitable in both samples(Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.039; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.886, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.060), adding a new factor“Interpersonal Relationships”. Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical sample was established (configural, weak, strong MI, and partial strict MI). Aside from acceptable internal consistency (Undergraduate sample: alpha=0.84, MIC=0.21; Clinical sample: alpha=0.86, MIC=0.19) and test-retest reliability(0.73), the association with 220-item PID-5 was significant(r = 0.93, p < 0.01), and six PDs measured by Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were correlated with expected domains of PID-5-BF.Conclusions: The PID-5-BF is a convenient and useful screening tool for personality disorders with a novel six-factor model in Chinese settings, with the main difference for the Negative Affect domain.
Effectiveness of home-based fortified diet in the rehabilitation of malnourished children in resource restrained country: an institution based retrospective study
Authors: Shahid Saba , Mahesar Marvi , Rahim Anum , Sadiq Yumna
Published: October 2020

Background: Globally, it is estimated that 50 million children under five are wasted. National nutrition survey-2018 has shown that 23.3% and 45.5% of children are wasted and stunted in Pakistan. Many studies have shown that hospital-based management of malnutrition is not practical due to high cost and iatrogenic infections, and currently, WHO recommends community-based management of malnutrition with the provision of therapeutic food. There is limited evidence of community rehabilitation of malnourished children by using the home-fortified diet in Pakistan. This study evaluated the effectiveness of using the home-fortified diet in achieving recovered from malnutrition through a retrospective chart review.Methods: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (aged six months –5 years) seen in Indus Hospital between January 2017 to June 2018 was conducted. A predesigned data extraction form was used to record detailed information about demographic characteristics, feeding, anthropometric, micronutrient, and nutritional details at enrollment and on follow-up.Results: A total of 361 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of children was 14 months. 102 children were recovered from malnutrition with a median length of stay in the program of 28 days. The median for weight gain was 4.8 (0-10.3) g/Kg/day, 226 children defaulted and 10 died.Conclusion: This study revealed adequate weight gain and recovered from malnutrition in children by using the home-fortified diet in real-life situations. Home-fortified diets may serve as an effective strategy in community-based rehabilitation of malnourished children, especially in resource constraint contexts.
Laminados cerâmicos e preparos minimamente invasivos associados ao clareamento dental
Authors: Santi Marina Rodrigues , Noronha Mayara dos Santos , Guarato Fernanda Rodrigues Borges Amaral , Caldeira Milena Maria Pierre dos Santos
Published: October 2020

A indicação de laminados cerâmicos deve ser precedida de um diagnóstico criterioso, onde deve-se estar atento aos passos e aspectos clínicos envolvidos nesse tipo de reabilitação. Este relato de caso tem como objetivo descrever a sequência clínica de uma reabilitação estética dos dentes 11 e 21 empregando laminados cerâmicos de dissilicato de lítio com desgaste dental seletivo minimamente invasivo associado ao clareamento prévio, proporcionando a reprodução das características naturais dos dentes.Descritores: Clareamento Dental; Cerâmica; Estética Dentária.ReferênciasD'Arcangelo C, De Angelis F, Vadini M, D'Amario M. Clinical evaluation on porcelain laminate veneers bonded with light-cured composite: results up to 7 years. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(4):1071-79.Benetti AR, Miranda CB, Amore R, Pagani C. Facetas indiretas em porcelana-alternativa estética. J Bras Dent Estét. 2003;2(7):186-94.Teixeira HM, Nascimento ABL, Emerrenciano M. Reabilitação da Estética com Facetas Indiretas de Porcelana. J Bras Dent Estét. 2003;2(7):219-23.Jarad FD, Griffiths CE, Jaffri M, Adeyemi AA, Youngson CC. The effect of bleaching, varying the shade or thickness of composite veneers on final colour: an in vitro study. J Dent. 2008;36(7):554-59.Lowe E. Achieving total smile enhancement through tooth whitening and placement of a single anterior veneer restoration. Dent Today. 2001;20(12):44-8Fradeani M, Redemagni M, Corrado M. Porcelain laminate veneers: 6- to 12-year clinical evaluation-a retrospective study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2005;25(1):9-17. Aquino APT, Cardoso PC, Rodrigues MB, Takano AE, Porfírio W. Facetas de porcelana: solução estética e funcional. Clin int j braz dent. 2009;5(2):142-52.Higashi C, Reggiani RD, Kina S, Scopin O, Hirata R. Cerâmicas em Dentes Anteriores Parte I. Indicações Clínicas dos sistemas cerâmicos.  Clin int j braz dent. 2006;2(1):22-31.Kina S, Brugrera A. Inivisível: restaurações estéticas cerâmicas. Maringá: Dental Press; 2007.
Nepal–India water cooperation: consequences of mutuality or hegemony?
Authors: Bagale Dharma Raj
Published: October 2020

This article reviews the relationship between Nepal and India, particularly in water resources cooperation. The two South Asian neighbours have entered into a number of agreements/treaties in water resources, namely, Sarada Agreement (1920), Kosi Agreement (1954), Gandak Agreement (1959) and Mahakali Treaty (1996). Nepal is criticized within the country for being unable to secure its benefits, and that all the agreements are in India's favour. However, the Indian side claims that overpoliticization of water issues in Nepal is the reason for not achieving the benefits from these agreements. Since the Mahakali Treaty, there has been deadlock in Nepal–India water cooperation as the implementation of the treaty has not materialized even after more than two decades since its ratification. Therefore, all the forms of cooperation in the past between Nepal and India can be viewed as the consequence of hydro-hegemony rather than mutuality. The article concludes that both nations need to move forward to create mutual trust for the equitable utilization of water resources, as there is huge potential for constructive cooperation.
Resource-based agricultural non-point source pollution control using biological agents
Authors: Kan Delong , Duan Pengfei
Published: October 2020

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of the deterioration of surface water quality. Effectively controlling NPS pollution, especially that from rural areas, is critical in improving the quality and safety of water resources. However, most of the approaches employed for NPS control are low-efficiency or impractical owing to ignorance of the willingness of participants, as well as the high cost. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency, this study newly proposes a resource-based approach for agricultural NPS pollution control via using biological agents. In this approach, the domestic organic waste and livestock manure are economically utilized to produce organic fertilizers and plant protection agents to replace harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides, respectively. The approach has been applied in the Danjiangkou catchment area in Nanyang City, and the results show that: (1) the most severe pollutants, total P and total N concentrations have been effectively reduced and their values in 2025 are predicted to be the same level as that before significant deterioration; (2) with unpowered sewage treatment and spontaneous participation of farmers, the treatment cost is significantly reduced; (3) the resource-based treatment of domestic waste and livestock manure supports the development of an efficient and sustainable agricultural economy.
Development of Phenotyping Algorithms for the Identification of Organ Transplant Recipients: Cohort Study
Authors: Wheless Lee , Baker Laura , Edwards LaVar , Anand Nimay , Birdwell Kelly , Hanlon Allison , Chren Mary-Margaret
Published: October 2020

Background

Studies involving organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are often limited to the variables collected in the national Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database. Electronic health records contain additional variables that can augment this data source if OTRs can be identified accurately.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop phenotyping algorithms to identify OTRs from electronic health records.

Methods

We used Vanderbilt’s deidentified version of its electronic health record database, which contains nearly 3 million subjects, to develop algorithms to identify OTRs. We identified all 19,817 individuals with at least one International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for organ transplantation. We performed a chart review on 1350 randomly selected individuals to determine the transplant status. We constructed machine learning models to calculate positive predictive values and sensitivity for combinations of codes by using classification and regression trees, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting algorithms.

Results

Of the 1350 reviewed patient charts, 827 were organ transplant recipients while 511 had no record of a transplant, and 12 were equivocal. Most patients with only 1 or 2 transplant codes did not have a transplant. The most common reasons for being labeled a nontransplant patient were the lack of data (229/511, 44.8%) or the patient being evaluated for an organ transplant (174/511, 34.1%). All 3 machine learning algorithms identified OTRs with overall >90% positive predictive value and >88% sensitivity.

Conclusions

Electronic health records linked to biobanks are increasingly used to conduct large-scale studies but have not been well-utilized in organ transplantation research. We present rigorously evaluated methods for phenotyping OTRs from electronic health records that will enable the use of the full spectrum of clinical data in transplant research. Using several different machine learning algorithms, we were able to identify transplant cases with high accuracy by using only ICD and CPT codes.
Identifying Ectopic Pregnancy in a Large Integrated Health Care Delivery System: Algorithm Validation
Authors: Getahun Darios , Shi Jiaxiao M , Chandra Malini , Fassett Michael J , Alexeeff Stacey , Im Theresa M , Chiu Vicki Y , Armstrong Mary Anne , Xie Fagen , Stern Julie , Takhar Harpreet S , Asiimwe Alex , Raine-Bennett Tina
Published: October 2020

Background

Surveillance of ectopic pregnancy (EP) using electronic databases is important. To our knowledge, no published study has assessed the validity of EP case ascertainment using electronic health records.

Objective

We aimed to assess the validity of an enhanced version of a previously validated algorithm, which used a combination of encounters with EP-related diagnostic/procedure codes and methotrexate injections.

Methods

Medical records of 500 women aged 15-44 years with membership at Kaiser Permanente Southern and Northern California between 2009 and 2018 and a potential EP were randomly selected for chart review, and true cases were identified. The enhanced algorithm included diagnostic/procedure codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, used telephone appointment visits, and excluded cases with only abdominal EP diagnosis codes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall performance (Youden index and F-score) of the algorithm were evaluated and compared to the validated algorithm.

Results

There were 334 true positive and 166 true negative EP cases with available records. True positive and true negative EP cases did not differ significantly according to maternal age, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. EP cases with only one encounter and non-tubal EPs were more likely to be misclassified. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the enhanced algorithm for EP were 97.6%, 84.9%, 92.9%, and 94.6%, respectively. The Youden index and F-score were 82.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV were lower for the previously published algorithm at 94.3% and 88.1%, respectively. The sensitivity of surgical procedure codes from electronic chart abstraction to correctly identify surgical management was 91.9%. The overall accuracy, defined as the percentage of EP cases with correct management (surgical, medical, and unclassified) identified by electronic chart abstraction, was 92.3%.

Conclusions

The performance of the enhanced algorithm for EP case ascertainment in integrated health care databases is adequate to allow for use in future epidemiological studies. Use of this algorithm will likely result in better capture of true EP cases than the previously validated algorithm.
Effects of Goal Type and Reinforcement Type on Self-Reported Domain-Specific Walking Among Inactive Adults: 2×2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: McEntee Mindy L , Cantley Alison , Foreman Emily , Berardi Vincent , Phillips Christine B. , Hurley Jane C. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Hooker Steven , Adams Marc A
Published: October 2020

Background

WalkIT Arizona was a 2×2 factorial trial examining the effects of goal type (adaptive versus static) and reinforcement type (immediate versus delayed) to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among insufficiently active adults. The 12-month intervention combined mobile health (mHealth) technology with behavioral strategies to test scalable population-health approaches to increasing MVPA. Self-reported physical activity provided domain-specific information to help contextualize the intervention effects.

Objective

The aim of this study was to report on the secondary outcomes of self-reported walking for transportation and leisure over the course of the 12-month WalkIT intervention.

Methods

A total of 512 participants aged 19 to 60 years (n=330 [64.5%] women; n=425 [83%] Caucasian/white, n=96 [18.8%] Hispanic/Latinx) were randomized into interventions based on type of goals and reinforcements. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form assessed walking for transportation and leisure at baseline, and at 6 months and 12 months of the intervention. Negative binomial hurdle models were used to examine the effects of goal and reinforcement type on (1) odds of reporting any (versus no) walking/week and (2) total reported minutes of walking/week, adjusted for neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic status. Separate analyses were conducted for transportation and leisure walking, using complete cases and multiple imputation.

Results

All intervention groups reported increased walking at 12 months relative to baseline. Effects of the intervention differed by domain: a significant three-way goal by reinforcement by time interaction was observed for total minutes of leisure walking/week, whereas time was the only significant factor that contributed to transportation walking. A sensitivity analysis indicated minimal differences between complete case analysis and multiple imputation.

Conclusions

This study is the first to report differential effects of adaptive versus static goals for self-reported walking by domain. Results support the premise that individual-level PA interventions are domain- and context-specific and may be helpful in guiding further intervention refinement.

Trial Registration

Preregistered at clinicaltrials.gov: (NCT02717663) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02717663

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.001
Impact of Trump's Promotion of Unproven COVID-19 Treatments on Social Media and Subsequent Internet Trends: Observational Study
Authors: Niburski Kacper , Niburski Oskar
Published: October 2020

Background

Individuals with large followings can influence public opinions and behaviors, especially during a pandemic. In the early days of the pandemic, US president Donald J Trump has endorsed the use of unproven therapies. Subsequently, a death attributed to the wrongful ingestion of a chloroquine-containing compound occurred.

Objective

We investigated Donald J Trump’s speeches and Twitter posts, as well as Google searches and Amazon purchases, and television airtime for mentions of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir.

Methods

Twitter sourcing was catalogued with Factba.se, and analytics data, both past and present, were analyzed with Tweet Binder to assess average analytics data on key metrics. Donald J Trump’s time spent discussing unverified treatments on the United States’ 5 largest TV stations was catalogued with the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone, and his speech transcripts were obtained from White House briefings. Google searches and shopping trends were analyzed with Google Trends. Amazon purchases were assessed using Helium 10 software.

Results

From March 1 to April 30, 2020, Donald J Trump made 11 tweets about unproven therapies and mentioned these therapies 65 times in White House briefings, especially touting hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. These tweets had an impression reach of 300% above Donald J Trump’s average. Following these tweets, at least 2% of airtime on conservative networks for treatment modalities like azithromycin and continuous mentions of such treatments were observed on stations like Fox News. Google searches and purchases increased following his first press conference on March 19, 2020, and increased again following his tweets on March 21, 2020. The same is true for medications on Amazon, with purchases for medicine substitutes, such as hydroxychloroquine, increasing by 200%.

Conclusions

Individuals in positions of power can sway public purchasing, resulting in undesired effects when the individuals’ claims are unverified. Public health officials must work to dissuade the use of unproven treatments for COVID-19.
A Real-Time Eating Detection System for Capturing Eating Moments and Triggering Ecological Momentary Assessments to Obtain Further Context: System Development and Validation Study
Authors: Bin Morshed Mehrab , Kulkarni Samruddhi Shreeram , Li Richard , Saha Koustuv , Roper Leah Galante , Nachman Lama , Lu Hong , Mirabella Lucia , Srivastava Sanjeev , De Choudhury Munmun , de Barbaro Kaya , Ploetz Thomas , Abowd Gregory D
Published: October 2020

Background

Eating behavior has a high impact on the well-being of an individual. Such behavior involves not only when an individual is eating, but also various contextual factors such as with whom and where an individual is eating and what kind of food the individual is eating. Despite the relevance of such factors, most automated eating detection systems are not designed to capture contextual factors.

Objective

The aims of this study were to (1) design and build a smartwatch-based eating detection system that can detect meal episodes based on dominant hand movements, (2) design ecological momentary assessment (EMA) questions to capture meal contexts upon detection of a meal by the eating detection system, and (3) validate the meal detection system that triggers EMA questions upon passive detection of meal episodes.

Methods

The meal detection system was deployed among 28 college students at a US institution over a period of 3 weeks. The participants reported various contextual data through EMAs triggered when the eating detection system correctly detected a meal episode. The EMA questions were designed after conducting a survey study with 162 students from the same campus. Responses from EMAs were used to define exclusion criteria.

Results

Among the total consumed meals, 89.8% (264/294) of breakfast, 99.0% (406/410) of lunch, and 98.0% (589/601) of dinner episodes were detected by our novel meal detection system. The eating detection system showed a high accuracy by capturing 96.48% (1259/1305) of the meals consumed by the participants. The meal detection classifier showed a precision of 80%, recall of 96%, and F1 of 87.3%. We found that over 99% (1248/1259) of the detected meals were consumed with distractions. Such eating behavior is considered “unhealthy” and can lead to overeating and uncontrolled weight gain. A high proportion of meals was consumed alone (680/1259, 54.01%). Our participants self-reported 62.98% (793/1259) of their meals as healthy. Together, these results have implications for designing technologies to encourage healthy eating behavior.

Conclusions

The presented eating detection system is the first of its kind to leverage EMAs to capture the eating context, which has strong implications for well-being research. We reflected on the contextual data gathered by our system and discussed how these insights can be used to design individual-specific interventions.
Harnessing Digital Health Technologies During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Context Matters
Authors: Petracca Francesco , Ciani Oriana , Cucciniello Maria , Tarricone Rosanna
Published: October 2020

A common development observed during the COVID-19 pandemic is the renewed reliance on digital health technologies. Prior to the pandemic, the uptake of digital health technologies to directly strengthen public health systems had been unsatisfactory; however, a relentless acceleration took place within health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, digital health technologies could not be prescinded from the organizational and institutional merits of the systems in which they were introduced. The Italian National Health Service is strongly decentralized, with the national government exercising general stewardship and regions responsible for the delivery of health care services. Together with the substantial lack of digital efforts previously, these institutional characteristics resulted in delays in the uptake of appropriate solutions, territorial differences, and issues in engaging the appropriate health care professionals during the pandemic. An in-depth analysis of the organizational context is instrumental in fully interpreting the contribution of digital health during the pandemic and providing the foundation for the digital reconstruction of what is to come after.
Deep Learning–Based Detection of Early Renal Function Impairment Using Retinal Fundus Images: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Li Chien-Hung , Huang Yi-Jin , Kuo Chang-Fu , Kang Je-Ho , Chen Kuan-Jen , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi , Hwang Yih-Shiou
Published: October 2020

Background

Retinal imaging has been applied for detecting eye diseases and cardiovascular risks using deep learning–based methods. Furthermore, retinal microvascular and structural changes were found in renal function impairments. However, a deep learning–based method using retinal images for detecting early renal function impairment has not yet been well studied.

Objective

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning model for detecting early renal function impairment using retinal fundus images.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients who underwent renal function tests with color fundus images captured at any time between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2019. A deep learning model was constructed to detect impaired renal function from the images. Early renal function impairment was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Model performance was evaluated with respect to the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC).

Results

In total, 25,706 retinal fundus images were obtained from 6212 patients for the study period. The images were divided at an 8:1:1 ratio. The training, validation, and testing data sets respectively contained 20,787, 2189, and 2730 images from 4970, 621, and 621 patients. There were 10,686 and 15,020 images determined to indicate normal and impaired renal function, respectively. The AUC of the model was 0.81 in the overall population. In subgroups stratified by serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, the AUCs were 0.81, 0.84, 0.85, and 0.87 for the HbA1c levels of ≤6.5%, >6.5%, >7.5%, and >10%, respectively.

Conclusions

The deep learning model in this study enables the detection of early renal function impairment using retinal fundus images. The model was more accurate for patients with elevated serum HbA1c levels.
Factors on Community Livability and Local Government Policy in the Rural Area in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto Michiko , Iwano Hayato
Published: October 2020

This study examines how Akita citizens view their local government policy on 1) Industry and Production, 2) Medical/Welfare, 3) Education, 4) Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 5) Regional activation, 6) Transportation/Conveniences, and their relationships with community livability by using data from “Citizens Awareness Survey” conducted by Akita local government in 2016. Results show that Akita citizens feel that policy on “Depopulation”, “Medical/Welfare”, “Education” and “Industry/Production” have influence on community livability. However, policies on Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Regional activation, and Transportation/Convenience are negative influence on community livability.
Global Market Effects on Biodiversity and Water Quality in New Zealand
Authors: Tyson Ben , Edgar Nick
Published: October 2020

This paper discusses how global market pressures have negatively affected biodiversity and water quality in New Zealand, the broad impacts of this, and what the country is doing to address these issues. A version of this paper was presented at the Twelfth Global Studies Conference, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. June 27-28, 2019.
ROLE OF PANCHAMAHABHOOTA IN DEVELOPMENT OF GARBHA AND GESTATIONAL ABNORMALITIES
Authors: J NANDEESH , DEVIDAS NIDHI
Published: October 2020

Being close to the nature has helped Ayurveda to develop the principles which are time-tested. The unique concept of commonness between the cosmos and human body is the strength of Ayurveda.  The presence of the five elements such as prithvi, jala, teja, vayu and akasha in all the dravya can be deduced from the verse, ‘sarvam dravyam panchabhoutikam’. The body is said to be anitya (temporary) as it undergoes some apoptotic changes each moment. To replenish the lost bodily element, human is dependent on the diet. Ahara being pancabhautika, replenishes the the body to maintain dhatusamyata. A living body has had intrauterine as “garbha” and extrauterine life in the form of “shaddhatuja purusha”. Pancamahabhoota play significant role in garbha avastha in designing the anatomy and physiology of the body. Anatomical or physiological abnormalities seen during or post labour are also attributed to the pancamahabhoota. This works throws light on the role of the five elements in maintaining the normalcy or causing any abnormality in a garbha which may eventually form the base of Ayurveda genetics.
La violencia contra la mujer. Una Exploración de los Pronunciamientos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos referente a la Convención Interamericana para Prevenir, Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia contra la Mujer desde 2006 hasta 2018
Authors: Mora Bautista Maria Isabel
Published: October 2020

La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, ha recalcado la condición de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres, cuando las violaciones de derechos humanos ocurren a causa de su género. Debido a lo anterior, el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos creó una Convención encaminada única y exclusivamente a la protección de las mujeres, con el fin de eliminar cualquier forma de violencia contra ellas, enfatizando en aquellos actos perpetrados en razón a su género, es decir, por el hecho de ser mujeres. Por ello, se realizará una exploración de los diferentes pronunciamientos del Tribunal Interamericano, que se refieran de forma directa a la Convención Para Prevenir, Sancionar y Erradicar la Violencia contra la Mujer, con el objetivo de determinar el uso dado a esta por la Corte, desde su ´primer caso contencioso, Castro Castro Vs. Perú, en 2006 hasta el caso Mujeres Victimas de Tortura Sexual en Atenco en 2018.