bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the barriers to kidney transplantation for patients in rural and remote areas: a scoping review
Authors: Watters Tara K. , Glass Beverley D. , Mallett Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Populations in rural and remote areas have higher rates of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure than those in urban or metropolitan areas, and mortality rates for chronic kidney disease are almost twice as high in remote areas compared to major cities. Despite this, patients residing in regional, rural, or remote areas are less likely to be wait-listed for or receive a kidney transplant. The objective of this scoping review is to identify specific barriers to kidney transplantation for adult patients residing in rural and remote areas from the perspectives of health professionals and patients/carers.

Methods

Studies were identified through database (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Emcare, Scopus) searches and assessed against inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. A descriptive content analysis was undertaken to identify and describe barriers as key themes.

Results

The 24 selected studies included both quantitative (n = 5) and qualitative (n = 19) methodologies. In studies conducted in health professional populations (n = 10) the most prevalent themes identified were perceived social and cultural issues (80%), burden of travel and distance from treatment (60%), and system-level factors as barriers (60%). In patient/carer populations (n = 14), the most prevalent themes were limited understanding of illness and treatment options (71%), dislocation from family and support network (71%), and physical and psychosocial effects of treatment (71%).

Conclusions

Patients in regional, rural, and remote areas face many additional barriers to kidney transplantation, which are predominantly associated with the need to travel or relocate to access required medical testing and transplantation facilities.

Graphical abstract
Numerical simulation of pressure relief stress distribution of diamond beaded rope saw cutting in low permeability coal seam
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xiaochuan , LI Hongchao , Hu Jincheng , Zhang Tianyi , Xu Chaoyu
Published: September 2023

The diamond bead slit is a practical method for changing the stress distribution of low permeability coal seam and achieving pressure relief and reflection improvement. The stress distribution of coal seam in large scale is not clear due to the influence of diamond bead slit parameters and geological parameters, making it difficult to identify. In this paper, the finite element model with built-in Coulomb friction contact surface is used to simulate the stress distribution in coal with different angles, seam length, working face length, seam friction coefficient and different in-situ stress difference. This investigation is conducted to examine the stress distribution of parallel working face, vertical coal seam, and advance working face. The simulation results show that the mechanism of stress transfer in large scale diamond beaded rope saw cutting coal seam is mainly due to the tangential slip of coal body on both sides of seam surface, forming concentrative zone and pressure relief zone with axial distribution, center symmetry and phase. The pressure relief range and maximum pressure relief range of all three direction present a "single peak" distribution with the change of angel α between slit and maximum in-situ stress, i.e. when α = 45°, both of them are maximum. The slit length mainly affects the stress distribution in the advancing direction of the working face, and the length of working face mainly affects the stress distribution in the direction of parallel working face and vertical coal seam, both of which are positively correlated with the pressure relief range and the maximum pressure relief amplitude. The friction coefficient of seam surface and the difference of in-situ stress affect the relative dislocation of coal body on both sides of seam surface, and they inhibit and promote the pressure relief range and the maximum pressure relief amplitude respectively, and are greatly affected by α. The simulation results above suggest that it is reasonable to select fracture and geological parameters in practical engineering.
Evolving Trends and Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asia, 1990–2019: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Chen Xuejie , Xiang Xin , Xia Weitong , Li Xindi , Wang Sidan , Ye Shuyu , Tian Li , Zhao Lian , Ai Feiyan , Shen Zhaohua , Nie Kai , Deng Minzi , Wang Xiaoyan
Published: September 2023

Background

Asia’s inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) burden has rapidly increased recently, but the epidemiological trends in Asia remain unclear. We report IBD’s incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) in 52 Asian countries from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 were analyzed for IBD burden across 52 countries, using metrics like incidence, prevalence, mortality rates, and DALY. The epidemiological trend of IBD from 1990 to 2019 was assessed with the Joinpoint and APC methods. Decomposition and frontier analyses examined factors behind IBD case and death changes. The NORPRED forecasted Asia's morbidity and mortality trends from 2019 to 2044.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, The incidence and prevalence of IBD increased in Asia, while mortality and DALY decreased. East Asia had the highest increase in disease burden. IBD incidence was highest among the 30–34 age group, with prevalence peaking in the 45–49 age group. In high-income regions, IBD peak age shifted to younger groups. Decompose analysis showed population growth as the primary factor for the increasing IBD cases in Asia. NORDPRED model predicted a continued IBD burden increase in Asia over the next 25 years.

Conclusions

Between 1990 and 2019, ASIR and ASPR of IBD in Asia increased, while ASMR and ASDR decreased. Due to population growth and aging, the IBD burden is expected to rise over the next 25 years, particularly in East Asia.
Major Incident Hospital Simulations in Hospital Based Health Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wynter Sacha , Nash Rosie , Gadd Nicola
Published: September 2023

Major incidents are occurring in increasing frequency, and place significant stress on existing health-care systems. Simulation is often used to evaluate and improve the capacity of health systems to respond to these incidents, although this is difficult to evaluate. A scoping review was performed, searching 2 databases (PubMed, CINAHL) following PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included studies addressing whole hospital simulation, published in English after 2000, and interventional or observational research. Exclusion criteria included studies limited to single departments or prehospital conditions, pure computer modelling and dissimilar health systems to Australia. After exclusions, 11 relevant studies were included. These studies assessed various types of simulation, from tabletop exercises to multihospital events, with various outcome measures. The studies were highly heterogenous and assessed as representing variable levels of evidence. In general, all articles had positive conclusions with respect to the use of major incidence simulations. Several benefits were identified, and areas of improvement for the future were highlighted. Benefits included improved understanding of existing Major Incident Response Plans and familiarity with the necessary paradigm shifts of resource management in such events. However, overall this scoping review was unable to make definitive conclusions due to a low level of evidence and lack of validated evaluation.
AN IMPROVEMENT TO A THEOREM OF LEONETTI AND LUCA
Authors: DANH TRAN NGUYEN THANH , DUNG HOANG TUAN , HUNG PHAM VIET , KIEN NGUYEN DINH , THINH NGUYEN AN , TOAN KHUC DINH , THO NGUYEN XUAN
Published: September 2023

Leonetti and Luca [‘On the iterates of the shifted Euler’s function’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., to appear] have shown that the integer sequence
$(x_n)_{n\geq 1}$
defined by
$x_{n+2}=\phi (x_{n+1})+\phi (x_{n})+k$
, where
$x_1,x_2\geq 1$
,
$k\geq 0$
and
$2 \mid k$
, is bounded by
$4^{X^{3^{k+1}}}$
, where
$X=(3x_1+5x_2+7k)/2$
. We improve this result by showing that the sequence
$(x_n)$
is bounded by
$2^{2X^2+X-3}$
, where
$X=x_1+x_2+2k$
.
Leucocytozoon cariamae n. sp. and Haemoproteus pulcher coinfection in Cariama cristata (Aves: Cariamiformes): first mitochondrial genome analysis and morphological description of a leucocytozoid in Brazil
Authors: Vieira Lis Marques de C. , Pereira Pedro Henrique O. , Vilela Daniel Ambrózio da Rocha , Landau Irène , Pacheco M. Andreína , Escalante Ananias A. , Ferreira Francisco C. , Braga Érika Martins
Published: September 2023

The distribution of avian haemosporidians of the genus Leucocytozoon in the Neotropics remains poorly understood. Recent studies confirmed their presence in the region using molecular techniques alone, but evidence for gametocytes and data on putative competent hosts for Leucocytozoon are still lacking outside highland areas. We combined morphological and molecular data to characterize a new Leucocytozoon species infecting a non-migratory red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata), the first report of a competent host for Leucocytozoon in Brazil. Leucocytozoon cariamae n. sp. is distinguished from the Leucocytozoon fringillinarum group by its microgametocytes that are not strongly appressed to the host cell nucleus. The bird studied was coinfected with Haemoproteus pulcher, and we present a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on nearly complete mitochondrial genomes of these 2 parasites. Leucocytozoon cariamae n. sp. morphology is consistent with our phylogenetic analysis indicating that it does not share a recent common ancestor with the L. fringillinarum group. Haemoproteus pulcher and Haemoproteus catharti form a monophyletic group with Haemocystidium parasites of Reptilia, supporting the polyphyly of the genus Haemoproteus. We also discussed the hypothesis that H. pulcher and H. catharti may be avian Haemocystidium, highlighting the need to study non-passerine parasites to untangle the systematics of Haemosporida.
Reconfiguring essential and discretionary public goods
Authors: Bieber Friedemann , de Jongh Maurits
Published: September 2023

When is state coercion for the provision of public goods justified? And how should the social surplus of public goods be distributed? Philosophers approach these questions by distinguishing between essential and discretionary public goods. This article explains the intractability of this distinction, and presents two upshots. First, if governments provide configurations of public goods that simultaneously serve essential and discretionary purposes, the scope for justifiable complaints by honest holdouts is narrower than commonly assumed. Second, however, claims to distributive fairness in the provision of public goods also turn out to be more complex to assess.
El Niño oscillations impact anti-predator defences to alter survival of an herbivorous beetle in a neotropical wet forest
Authors: Vencl Fredric V. , Srygley Robert B.
Published: September 2023

Little is known about the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical insect communities, even though they are suffering rapid declines in complexity and stability due to climate change. We explore the impact of fluctuations in local climate imposed by ENSO on the performance of herbivore defences mediating enemy interactions. In a widespread rainforest edge community, we quantified the mortality caused by five enemy guilds on the immature stages of the herbivorous beetle, Acromis sparsa. ENSO was a significant determinant of beetle mortality. During warmer, drier El Niño years, the survival of beetles decreased. This was due to increased egg parasitism by wasps, which reduced hatching. Additionally, ant predation on beetle larvae increased. Flies and wasps were in competition for larval prey in wetter, cooler La Niña years. Experimental removal of maternal guards or chemical shields revealed which ENSO-related parameters predicted larval mortality. Guarding was most effective against social wasps in La Niña, whereas shields proved most effective in El Niño. Two ENSO-related defence–enemy breakdowns occurred: (1) decoupling whereby the efficacy of a narrow defensive adaptation was reduced to increase mortality, and (2) mismatching whereby the resistance of a narrow defensive adaptation against non-targeted enemies was further reduced to increase mortality. These results highlight that defence efficacy against natural enemies can vary predictably with biotic and abiotic environmental conditions. ENSO events will increase breakdowns in defence-mediated interactions, shifts in competition among enemies, and species loss.
Obeticholic acid treatment of mice to promote fertilization and reproduction
Authors: Liang Ming , Yang Huailiang , Xu Lanyong , Cao Longqiao
Published: September 2023

Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, has been demonstrated to ameliorate the histopathological characteristics of liver damage. Nonetheless, the systemic safety profile of OCA with regard to reproduction and development remains poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a dose–response experiment by administering OCA at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg through tube feeding to investigate its effect on reproductive development and fertilization rate in both male and female mice. Furthermore, we evaluated the levels of protein and mitochondrial function in the placenta through western blot, qPCR, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg OCA doses significantly reduced the rate of placental implantation (P < 0.05). Also, OCA increased maternal body weight. In addition, OCA increased levels of FXR and TGR5 and produced changes in oxidative stress levels (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial activity result found that 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of OCA significantly reduced the mitophagy autosomes/nucleus compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05). What is more, there was no significant difference in sperm count after OCA intervention in either C57BL/10 mice or BALB/c mice. Overall, we demonstrated that OCA treatment protected against placental implantation by suppressing placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity.
Changes on depression and suicidal ideation under severe lockdown restrictions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a longitudinal study in the general population
Authors: Ayuso-Mateos J. L. , Morillo D. , Haro J. M. , Olaya B. , Lara E. , Miret M.
Published: September 2023

Aims

To assess whether there is a change in the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation after the strict lockdown measures due to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, and to assess which are the factors associated with the incidence of a depressive episode or suicidal ideation during the lockdown.

Methods

Data from a longitudinal adult population-based cohort from Madrid and Barcelona were analysed (n = 1103). Face-to-face home-based (pre-pandemic) and telephone interviews were performed. Depression and suicidal ideation were assessed through an adaptation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Population prevalence estimates and multivariable logistic regressions were computed.

Results

Prevalence rates of depression changed significantly from before to after the COVID-19 outbreak (from 3.06% to 12.00%;p = 0.01) and per sex and age groups. Individuals reporting COVID-19 concerns (odds ratio [OR] = 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45–6.69) and those feeling loneliness (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.52–2.61) during the lockdown were at increased risk of developing depression during the confinement. Resilience showed a protective effect against the risk of depression (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39–0.83), while individuals perceiving social support during the confinement were at lower risk of developing suicidal thoughts (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.09–0.46). Greater disability during the lockdown was also associated with the risk of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.53–5.03).

Conclusions

Continuous reinforcement of mental health preventive and intervening measures is of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who are experiencing the most distress. Future research should strive to evaluate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health.
Early Spontaneous Twinning Recorded By Time-Lapse
Authors: Matorras Roberto , Vendrell Alberto , Ferrando Marcos , Larreategui Zaloa
Published: September 2023

Monozygotic twins (MZT) are 2.5 times more frequent in ART than in natural conceptions. A number of ART-related mechanisms have been probably linked with MZT. Studies that retrospectively analyze the time-lapse (TL) records resulting in MZT suggest that some morphokinetic traits of the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm could be predictors of MZT, but results are controversial. We present the complete TL record of one case of MZT that split itself at the very moment of the division into two cells, with one of the cells coming out through a hole in the zona pellucida (ZP). Both resulting embryos developed normally, and were vitrified. It is suggested that the hole in the ZP may facilitate the extrusion of some cells of the <day 4 embryo and that this cell development is not constrained by being inside the ZP. Despite the lack of the inhibition of the ZP itself or the influence of the other embryo cells, the totipotent cell was then able to develop correctly from the start. Moreover, the embryo inside the ZP compensated for the loss of this cell apparently without problems. Our findings are discussed in the context of previous literature and ethical problems are addressed.
Untersuchung der Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit in der Umgebungssprache Deutsch bei mehrsprachigen Vorschulkindern
Authors: Lautenschläger Tamara , Sawatzky Alla , Schneller Katja , Kaiser-Kratzmann Jens , Kierdorf Jana , Sachse Steffi
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Mehrsprachige Kinder unterscheiden sich in ihren Sprachfähigkeiten deutlich voneinander, bislang liegen jedoch kaum Daten zu Entwicklungsverläufen für unterschiedliche Sprachmaße vor. Fragestellung: Wie entwickeln sich Sprachfähigkeiten in der Umgebungssprache Deutsch bei mehrsprachigen Kindern über das Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren? Methode: Bei 243 mehrsprachigen Kindern werden Entwicklungsverläufe für den rezeptiven und expressiven Wortschatz, das Sätze-Nachsprechen und die Erzählfähigkeit untersucht. Ergebnisse: In allen untersuchten Sprachmaßen steigen die durchschnittlichen Leistungen an. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich deutliche interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit, die für den expressiven Wortschatz am ausgeprägtesten sind. Ausgangsleistung und Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit stehen für den rezeptiven Wortschatz und das Sätze-Nachsprechen in einem negativen Zusammenhang. Für den expressiven Wortschatz ergibt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang, d. h. Kinder mit höheren Ausgangsleistungen zeigen hier schnellere Entwicklungsanstiege als Kinder mit geringeren Ausgangsleistungen. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Mehrsprachige Kinder unterscheiden sich deutlich in der Geschwindigkeit, in der sie ihre Fähigkeiten in der Umgebungssprache erweitern. Das Ausmaß interindividueller Unterschiede und der Zusammenhang zwischen Ausgangssprachstand und Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit variieren jedoch in Abhängigkeit vom untersuchten Sprachmaß. In nachfolgenden Analysen müssen Prädiktoren für die interindividuellen Unterschiede in der Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit identifiziert werden, auch um Fördermaßnahmen zielgerichtet implementieren zu können.
Fracture Network Characterization in Reservoirs by Joint Inversion of Microseismicity and Thermal Breakthrough Data: Method Development and Verification
Authors: Jiang Zhenjiao , Ringel Lisa Maria , Bayer Peter , Xu Tianfu
Published: September 2023

The spatial configuration of fractures often regulates flow and transport in the subsurface. However, the characterization of fracture networks is a challenging task, especially in deep reservoirs, because here only a limited number of boreholes is available to perform downhole logs and cross‐well hydraulic and tracer tests. In this study, we develop a joint inversion procedure to infer fracture number, geometry, and aperture based on Bayesian principles, utilizing microseismic (MS) events and thermal breakthrough data; both are typically available in enhanced geothermal systems and unconventional gas/oil reservoirs. A basic discrete fracture geometry, including orientations, lengths and positions of fractures, is generated from an MS events cloud by minimizing the distance between fractures and MS events. This geometric configuration, together with the aperture, is then further adjusted, based on the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, to minimize the misfit between observed and calculated thermal breakthrough curves by iterative forward flow and heat transport modeling. The inversion model is applied to two synthetic test cases. Following the sensitivity analysis of temperatures to fracture parameters, and the robustness analysis on the model performance under supportive data featuring good and poor quality, it is confirmed that the probabilistic joint inversion procedure approximates the fracture geometry and aperture well, and errors in predicting temperatures based on realizations of fracture networks are well below 5%. The methodology provides a new way to characterize fracture networks in the subsurface, without restrictions on predetermined fracture sizes or the number of fractures.
Pancreatic β-cell mitophagy as an adaptive response to metabolic stress and the underlying mechanism that involves lysosomal Ca2+ release
Authors: Oh Soo-Jin , Park Kihyoun , Sonn Seong Keun , Oh Goo Taeg , Lee Myung-Shik
Published: September 2023

Mitophagy is an excellent example of selective autophagy that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, and it is crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function. The critical roles of autophagy in pancreatic β-cell structure and function have been clearly shown. Furthermore, morphological abnormalities and decreased function of mitochondria have been observed in autophagy-deficient β-cells, suggesting the importance of β-cell mitophagy. However, the role of authentic mitophagy in β-cell function has not been clearly demonstrated, as mice with pancreatic β-cell-specific disruption of Parkin, one of the most important players in mitophagy, did not exhibit apparent abnormalities in β-cell function or glucose homeostasis. Instead, the role of mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells has been investigated using β-cell-specific Tfeb-knockout mice (TfebΔβ-cell mice); Tfeb is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis or autophagy gene expression and participates in mitophagy. TfebΔβ-cell mice were unable to adaptively increase mitophagy or mitochondrial complex activity in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. Consequently, TfebΔβ-cell mice exhibited impaired β-cell responses and further exacerbated metabolic deterioration after HFD feeding. TFEB was activated by mitochondrial or metabolic stress-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release, which led to calcineurin activation and mitophagy. After lysosomal Ca2+ release, depleted lysosomal Ca2+ stores were replenished by ER Ca2+ through ER→lysosomal Ca2+ refilling, which supplemented the low lysosomal Ca2+ capacity. The importance of mitophagy in β-cell function was also demonstrated in mice that developed β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance after treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor that hampered TFEB activation and mitophagy.
The stress-responsive protein REDD1 and its pathophysiological functions
Authors: Kim Ji-Yoon , Kwon Young-Guen , Kim Young-Myeong
Published: September 2023

Regulated in development and DNA damage-response 1 (REDD1) is a stress-induced protein that controls various cellular functions, including metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, and cell fate, and contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic and inflammatory disorders, neurodegeneration, and cancer. REDD1 usually exerts deleterious effects, including tumorigenesis, metabolic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and muscle dystrophy; however, it also exhibits protective functions by regulating multiple intrinsic cell activities through either an mTORC1-dependent or -independent mechanism. REDD1 typically regulates mTORC1 signaling, NF-κB activation, and cellular pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity by interacting with 14-3-3 proteins, IκBα, and thioredoxin-interacting protein or 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein, respectively. The diverse functions of REDD1 depend on cell type, cellular context, interaction partners, and cellular localization (e.g., mitochondria, endomembrane, or cytosol). Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological roles of REDD1 under pathophysiological conditions is of utmost importance. In this review, based on the published literature, we highlight and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the REDD1 expression and its actions, biological functions, and pathophysiological roles.
Lipid remodeling of adipose tissue in metabolic health and disease
Authors: Cho Yoon Keun , Lee Sumin , Lee Jaewon , Doh Junsang , Park Joo-Hong , Jung Young-Suk , Lee Yun-Hee
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Adipose tissue is a dynamic and metabolically active organ that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis and endocrine function. Recent advancements in lipidomics techniques have enabled the study of the complex lipid composition of adipose tissue and its role in metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, adipose tissue lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and identifying bioactive lipid mediators and potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to summarize recent lipidomics studies that investigated the dynamic remodeling of adipose tissue lipids in response to specific physiological changes, pharmacological interventions, and pathological conditions. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of lipid remodeling in adipose tissue and explore the recent identification of bioactive lipid mediators generated in adipose tissue that regulate adipocytes and systemic metabolism. We propose that manipulating lipid-mediator metabolism could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing or treating obesity-related metabolic diseases.
The CREG1-FBXO27-LAMP2 axis alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Liu Dan , Xing Ruinan , Zhang Quanyu , Tian Xiaoxiang , Qi Yanping , Song Haixu , Liu Yanxia , Yu Haibo , Zhang Xiaolin , Jing Quanmin , Yan Chenghui , Han Yaling
Published: September 2023

Autophagy plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is an important myocardial protective factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CREG1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Male C57BL/6 J mice, Creg1 transgenic mice and cardiac-specific knockout mice were used to establish a type 2 diabetes model. Small animal ultrasound, Masson’s staining and western blotting were used to evaluate cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and autophagy. Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) were stimulated with palmitate, and the effects of CREG1 on NMCMs autophagy were examined. CREG1 deficiency exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy, which was accompanied by exacerbated autophagy dysfunction. CREG1 overexpression improved cardiac function and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving autophagy. CREG1 protein expression was decreased in palmitate-induced NMCMs. CREG1 knockdown exacerbated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and inhibited autophagy. CREG1 overexpression inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and improved autophagy. LAMP2 overexpression reversed the effect of CREG1 knockdown on palmitate-induced inhibition of cardiomyocyte autophagy. CREG1 inhibited LAMP2 protein degradation by inhibiting the protein expression of F-box protein 27 (FBXO27). Our findings indicate new roles of CREG1 in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
CircFam190a: a critical positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation via enhancement of the AKT1/HSP90β complex
Authors: Chen Kun , Chen Xi , Lang Chuandong , Yuan Xingshi , Huang Junming , Li Zhi , Xu Mingyou , Wu Kerong , Zhou Chenhe , Li Qidong , Zhu Chen , Liu Lianxin , Shang Xifu
Published: September 2023

The identification of key regulatory factors that control osteoclastogenesis is important. Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are discrete functional entities. However, the complexities of circRNA expression as well as the extent of their regulatory functions during osteoclastogenesis have yet to be revealed. Here, based on circular RNA sequencing data, we identified a circular RNA, circFam190a, as a critical regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function. During osteoclastogenesis, circFam190a is significantly upregulated. In vitro, circFam190a enhanced osteoclast formation and function. In vivo, overexpression of circFam190a induced significant bone loss, while knockdown of circFam190a prevented pathological bone loss in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse osteoporosis model. Mechanistically, our data suggest that circFam90a enhances the binding of AKT1 and HSP90β, promoting AKT1 stability. Altogether, our findings highlight the critical role of circFam190a as a positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis, and targeting circFam190a might be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating pathological bone loss.
Nacα protects the larval fat body from cell death by maintaining cellular proteostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Yoshinari Yuto , Tobo Masayuki , Habara Okiko , Nishimura Takashi
Published: September 2023

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Impairment of proteostasis activates proteotoxic and unfolded protein response pathways to resolve cellular stress or induce apoptosis in damaged cells. However, the responses of individual tissues to proteotoxic stress and evoking cell death program have not been extensively explored in vivo. Here, we show that a reduction in Nascent polypeptide-associated complex protein alpha subunit (Nacα) specifically and progressively induces cell death inDrosophilafat body cells.Nacαmutants disrupt both ER integrity and the proteasomal degradation system, resulting in caspase activation through JNK and p53. Although forced activation of the JNK and p53 pathways was insufficient to induce cell death in the fat body, the reduction ofNacαsensitized fat body cells to intrinsic and environmental stresses. Reducing overall protein synthesis by mTor inhibition orMinutemutants alleviated the cell death phenotype inNacαmutant fat body cells. Our work revealed that Nacα is crucial for protecting the fat body from cell death by maintaining cellular proteostasis, thus demonstrating the coexistence of a unique vulnerability and cell death resistance in the fat body.
Development of the reactive force field and silicon dry/wet oxidation process modeling
Authors: Noaki Junichi , Numazawa Satoshi , Jeon Joohyun , Kochi Shuntaro
Published: September 2023

We developed the Si/O/H reactive force field parameter set and applied to silicon dry/wet oxidation process to understand the underlying physics of the thermal oxidation of the Si(100) surface. Through a systematic development of the Si/O parameter using the experimental data of the volumes of the SiO2 crystal as a reference, we reproduced the same result over the temperature range of 300–1300 K. With strategic tunings of parameters related to Si/O/H system, we carried out the simulation comparing the wet-and dry processes. A significant acceleration of the oxide film growth seen in the ‘in-situ-steam-generation (ISSG)’ is successfully represented. These properties of our model imply its applicability in wider scope. We compare our results with those obtained by using parameter set recently developed by other authors. Investigating the configuration of atoms near the interface of the SiO2 film, our model is found to be able to study the role of hydrogen atoms for the ISSG acceleration.
Alkynylated and triazole-linked aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals: one-pot synthesis of solid-state emissive dyes with aggregation-induced enhanced emission characteristics
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Hartmann Yannic , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: September 2023

Alkynylated aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals are readily synthesized in mostly excellent yields by a Sonogashira reaction resulting in a substance library of more than 20 examples. Upon expansion of the reaction sequence by deprotection and concatenating of the copper-click reaction in a one-pot fashion, a library of 11 triazole-ligated aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals is readily accessible. All derivatives show pronounced solid-state emission and aggregation-induced emission properties depending on the nature of the alkynyl or the triazole substituents.
Genipin versus Ferric Chloride cross-linked unmodified Gum Arabic/Chitosan/nano-Hydroxyapatite nanocomposite hydrogels as potential scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Makar Lara E. , Nady Norhan , Shawky Neivin , Kandil Sherif H.
Published: September 2023

Ferric chloride (FeCl3) and Genipin were utilized as cross-linkers to create two types of nanocomposite hydrogels through physical and covalent cross-linking methods, respectively. The hydrogels were composed of unmodified Gum Arabic (GA), Chitosan (Ch), and natural nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHA) using an acrylic acid solvent. Both the natural nHA and the FeCl3 vs. genipin cross-linked GA/Ch/nHA nano-composite hydrogels were prepared and characterized using various in vitro and in vivo analysis techniques. The use of FeCl3 and genipin cross-linkers resulted in the formation of novel hydrogels with compressive strengths of (15.43–22.20 MPa), which are comparable to those of natural cortical bone. In vivo evaluation was conducted by creating calvarial defects (6 mm) in Sprague–Dawley male rats. The results showed the formation of new, full-thickness bone at the implantation sites in all groups, as evidenced by digital planar tomography and histological staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain (H & E). Additionally, the use of genipin as a cross-linker positively affected the hydrogel's hydrophilicity and porosity. These findings justify further investigation into the potential of these nanocomposite hydrogels for bone regeneration applications.
Hybrid quantum systems with high-T$$_c$$ superconducting resonators
Authors: Velluire-Pellat Z. , Maréchal E. , Moulonguet N. , Saïz G. , Ménard G. C. , Kozlov S. , Couëdo F. , Amari P. , Medous C. , Paris J. , Hostein R. , Lesueur J. , Feuillet-Palma C. , Bergeal N.
Published: September 2023

Superconducting microwave resonators are crucial elements of microwave circuits, offering a wide range of potential applications in modern science and technology. While conventional low-T$$_c$$

c

superconductors are mainly employed, high-T$$_c$$

c

cuprates could offer enhanced temperature and magnetic field operating ranges. Here, we report the realization of $$\textrm{YBa}_2\textrm{Cu}_3\textrm{O}_{7-\delta }$$

YBa
2

Cu
3

O

7
-
δ

superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators, and demonstrate a continuous evolution from a lossy undercoupled regime, to a lossless overcoupled regime by adjusting the device geometry, in good agreement with circuit model theory. A high-quality factor resonator was then used to perform electron spin resonance measurements on a molecular spin ensemble across a temperature range spanning two decades. We observe spin-cavity hybridization indicating coherent coupling between the microwave field and the spins in a highly cooperative regime. The temperature dependence of the Rabi splitting and the spin relaxation time point toward an antiferromagnetic coupling of the spins below 2 K. Our findings indicate that high-Tc superconducting resonators hold great promise for the development of functional circuits. Additionally, they suggest novel approaches for achieving hybrid quantum systems based on high-T$$_c$$

c

superconductors and for conducting electron spin resonance measurements over a wide range of magnetic fields and temperatures.
Nrf2 inhibition increases sensitivity to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer by promoting ferroptosis and pyroptosis
Authors: Huang Yongzhou , Yang Wenchang , Yang Lei , Wang Tao , Li Chengguo , Yu Jiaxian , Zhang Peng , Yin Yuping , Li Ruidong , Tao Kaixiong
Published: September 2023

Oxaliplatin is widely used in chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its sensitivity has become a major obstacle to limiting efficacy. Many literatures reported that Nrf2 activation promoted tumor chemoresistance. In this study, we explored the role and mechanism of Nrf2 inhibition in oxaliplatin-based chemosensitivity of CRC. In vitro experiments, we applied 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) to activate Nrf2, and used lentivirus to knock down Nrf2 in CRC cell lines. By measuring cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and western blot, we found that oxaliplatin and lobaplatin suppressed the growth of HCT-116 and LOVO cells in a dose-dependent manner, and promoted the expression of Nrf2. 4-OI, an Nrf2 activator, reduced the sensibility of CRC cells to oxaliplatin and lobaplatin, while the knockdown of Nrf2 promoted the sensibility of CRC cells to oxaliplatin and lobaplatin. Through the public databases, we found that the expression of GPX4 in normal tissues was lower compared with cancer tissues in CRC, and the high GPX4 expression predicted a poor prognosis. Meanwhile, we found that oxaliplatin reduced the expression of GPX4 in vitro. The knockdown of Nrf2 enhanced the effects of oxaliplatin to reduce the expression of GPX4 and GSH content, and increase the MDA content, which enhanced oxaliplatin-induced ferroptosis. Subsequently, we found that oxaliplatin promoted the expression of GSDME-N, and induced LDH, IL-1β, and TNF-a release, and the knockdown of Nrf2 aggravated the occurrence of GSMDE-mediated pyroptosis. Finally, we found that the knockdown of Nrf2 enhanced the inhibition of oxaliplatin on HCT116 xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Thus, our study showed that Nrf2 inhibition improved sensitivity to oxaliplatin of CRC cells by promoting ferroptosis and pyroptosis, which provided a new target for overcoming chemoresistance in CRC.
Fast, facile and thermal damage free nanowelding of Ag nanowire for flexible transparent conductive film by pressure-assisted microwave irradiation
Authors: Jeong Jong-Min , Sohn Minjeong , Bang Junghwan , Lee Tae-Ik , Kim Min-Su
Published: September 2023

A fast and straightforward fabrication process for producing a robust, flexible, and transparent conductive film was demonstrated using nanowelding of Ag nanowires through pressure-assisted microwave irradiation. This innovative process effectively reduces the sheet resistance of the Ag nanowire transparent conductive film without causing any thermal distortion to the PET substrate. The microwave irradiation induces nanowelding between Ag nanowires, leading to a decrease in sheet resistance by forming nanowelding junctions. This selective heating of Ag nanowires further enhances the reduction in sheet resistance. Additionally, the application of pressure-assisted microwave irradiation allows the Ag nanowires to be embedded into the PET substrate, resulting in the formation of a robust film capable of withstanding cycling bending stress. The pressure-assisted microwave irradiation process proves to be a strong fabrication method for creating Ag nanowire transparent conductive films, especially when dealing with thermally weak substrate materials.
Detecting secondary structure formation with FRET-PAINT
Authors: Kodikara Sineth G. , Merkel Kylie J. , Haas Simon J. , Shiekh Sajad , Balci Hamza
Published: September 2023

Accessibility of a nucleic acid to a complementary imager strand (Cy5-PNA) decreases when it forms a secondary structure (G-Triplex). This provides a way to detects structure formation regardless of how small the change in end-to end separation is.
Investigating the influence of substituent groups in TTM based radicals for the excitation process: a theoretical study
Authors: Fei Lu-ran , Wang Jian , Bai Fu-quan , Wang Shi-ping , Hu Bin , Kong Chui-peng , Zhang Hong-xing
Published: September 2023

The mode-average method was employed to compute the knr for several TTM-based radicals. The conjugated structures and the polarity of solvents can influence kr and knr. The fluorine substituted trichlorophenyl group can lead to a decrease of knr.
Adsorption and thermal evolution of [C1C1Im][Tf2N] on Pt(111)
Authors: Massicot Stephen , Gezmis Afra , Talwar Timo , Meusel Manuel , Jaekel Simon , Adhikari Rajan , Winter Leonhard , Fernández Cynthia C. , Bayer Andreas , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans-Peter
Published: September 2023

Characterization of ultrathin [C1C1Im][Tf2N] films on Pt(111) by XPS and STM. Below 200 K, the IL stays chemically intact at the IL/metal interface, while above the IL partially decomposes.
High transformation of propane in reaction with CO2 to propylene on ZrO2-combined Fe-based catalysts
Authors: Wang Yuan , Chen Yan , Zhang Jianli , Ma Qingxiang , Fan Subing , Zhao Tian-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Combined Fe2O3–nZrO2 with preservation of active Fe3O4 and tunable acid–base properties for high conversion of C3H8(CO2) to C3H6.
Konjac glucomannan-assisted curcumin alleviated dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice colitis via regulating immune response and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity
Authors: Xia Pengkui , Zhao Mengge , Jin Hong , Hou Tao , Deng Zhichang , Zhang Mengting , Zhou Qiaoyun , Zhan Fuchao , Li Bin , Li Jing
Published: September 2023

Curcumin has been proven to be an effective strategy for reducing inflammatory responses.
Probing crystal structures of dicarbamate phase change materials to inform structural design
Authors: Piper Samantha L. , Forsyth Craig M. , Kar Mega , O’Dell Luke A. , Ma Jisheng , Pringle Jennifer M. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Matuszek Karolina
Published: September 2023

The structure–property relationships governing the thermal properties of aliphatic dicarbamate PCMs are elucidated with X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques with the aim of informing future materials design.
Pharmacological overview of hederagenin and its derivatives
Authors: Huang Xing , Shen Qing-Kun , Guo Hong-Yan , Li Xiaoting , Quan Zhe-Shan
Published: September 2023

By integrating and analyzing external related literature reports, the latest research progress on the resource distribution, pharmacological effects and structural modification of hederagenin was reviewed.
Current status and prospects of MIL-based MOF materials for biomedicine applications
Authors: Lin Zengqin , Liao Donghui , Jiang Chenyi , Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh Alireza , Zheng Minbin , Yuan Hui , Liu Jianqiang , Song Hailiang , Lu Chengyu
Published: September 2023

This review focuses on drug delivery systems based on MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) that have made significant progress in chemodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and combined therapy.
Investigations on the interconnection between chemical reactions and experimental results of Zn-based quantum dots
Authors: Singh Rahul , Singh Ragini Raj
Published: September 2023

ZnS-10H polytype, ZnO quantum dots, and mixed ZnS/ZnO obtained using zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate as precursors, respectively. Nanoparticles, nanosheets, and nanoflowers were formed by changing zinc precursors and capping agents.
Efficient mRNA delivery using lipid nanoparticles modified with fusogenic coiled-coil peptides
Authors: Zeng Ye , Shen Mengjie , Pattipeiluhu Roy , Zhou Xuequan , Zhang Yun , Bakkum Thomas , Sharp Thomas H. , Boyle Aimee L. , Kros Alexander
Published: September 2023

Regular nanoparticles delivery efficiency is hindered by endosome entrapment. By modifying lipid-nanoparticles with lipopeptide CPE4 and pretreating the cells with complimentary CPK4, coiled-coil peptides induced significantly enhanced mRNA delivery in various cell lines mediated by membrane fusion.
Hybrid CuSn nanosphere-functionalized Cu/Sn co-doped hollow carbon nanofibers as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Xuwu , Yao Wenli , Yan Tingting , Zhang Wenyao , Zhang Qian , Zhong Shengwen , Yan Zhengquan
Published: September 2023

Cu/Sn co-doped hollow carbon nanofibers functionalized by hybrid CuSn nanospheres (CuSn/C@MCNF) were prepared with superior specific capacity, excellent conductivity and high cycling stability in high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Synthesis of hypercrosslinked polymers with a spherical shell structure for highly effective cycloaddition of CO2 under ambient conditions
Authors: Li Shuqing , Zhan Zhen , Wang Xiaoyan , Tan Bien
Published: September 2023

Hypercrosslinked polymers with a spherical shell structure were fabricated by controlling the monomer feed rate; for the CO2 cycloaddition reaction, they show a 52% higher catalytic yield than the bulk materials.
Iron-catalyzed oxosulfonylation of alkynes with small-ring compounds and Na2S2O5 for the synthesis of β-keto sulfones
Authors: Li Liu-Bin , Qiu Hui , Li Mu-Han , Dai Nan-Nan , Mei Lan , He Yu , Yu Lei , Li Ting , Wei Wen-Ting
Published: September 2023

An efficient and rapid iron-catalyzed oxosulfonylation of alkynes with small-ring compounds and Na2S2O5 for the synthesis of β-keto sulfones has been developed.
Tailored efficient energy transfer Tb3+, Eu3+activated/co-activated LiAl(PO3)4phosphor by substitution of alkali metals: the effect of charge compensation
Authors: Parale Prashant N. , Kadam Abhijeet R. , Dhoble S. J. , Dabre K. V.
Published: September 2023

The studied phosphor LiAl(PO3)4:xmol% Tb3+,ymol% Eu3+,zmol% R+(R = Na, K) shows excellent photoluminescence properties with efficient energy transfer from Tb3+to Eu3+, enhancement in intensity using charge compensation and show the photochromic nature.
Development of tissue paper-based chemosensor and demonstration for the selective detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions
Authors: Thangaraj Bharathkumar , Ponram Marimuthu , Ranganathan Suresh , Sambath Baskaran , Cingaram Ravichandran , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu , Natesan Sundaramurthy Karthikeyan
Published: September 2023

DPICDT sensor showed rapid absorbance, excellent selectivity, and high sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in the solution and solid matrix.
Theoretical study on the physical properties of synthesized SrMO3(M = Hf and Pt) oxide perovskites using DFT
Authors: Pasha Amjad Ali , Iqbal Musawer , Khan Hukam , Sohail Mohammad , Rahman Nasir , Khan Rajwali , Khan Abid Ali , Alsalmi Omar H. , Abduvalieva Dilsora , El Jery Atef , Adrdery Mouataz
Published: September 2023

We investigated the physical behavior of SrMO3(M = Hf and Pt) compounds, which are strontium-based oxide perovskites.
Direct CO2capture from simulated and ambient air over silica-rich MIL-101(Cr)
Authors: Kulkarni Vaishnavi , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: September 2023

RHA-MIL-101(Cr) captures 2.4 times more CO2(1.06 mmol g−1) than MIL-101(Cr) (0.45 mmol g−1) with faster kinetics (80 min) and high cyclic stability, attributed to higher surface area (47%) and ultramicropore volume (16%) due to the incorporation of RHA.
An efficient multiparameter method for the collection of chemical reaction data via ‘one-pot’ transient flow
Authors: Schrecker Linden , Dickhaut Joachim , Holtze Christian , Staehle Philipp , Wieja Andy , Hellgardt Klaus , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: September 2023

Simultaneous investigation of discrete and continuous reaction parameters allowed efficient collection of diverse chemical reaction data via combination of transient flow and ‘one-pot’ methods for predictive thermodynamic model construction.