bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global urban structural growth shows a profound shift from spreading out to building up
Authors: Frolking Steve , Mahtta Richa , Milliman Tom , Esch Thomas , Seto Karen C.
Published: August 2024

We present a new study examining the dynamics of global urban building growth rates over the past three decades. By combining datasets for 1,550+ cities from several space-borne sensors—data from three scatterometers and settlement-built fraction based on Landsat-derived data—we find profound shifts in how cities expanded from the 1990s to the 2010s. Cities had both increasing building fractional cover and increasing microwave backscatter (correlating with building volume), but over the three decades, growth rates in building fraction decreased in most regions and large cities, while growth rates in backscatter increased in essentially all regions and cities. The divergence in rates of increase of these metrics indicates a shift from lateral urban expansion to more vertical urban development. This transition has happened in different decades and to different extents across the world’s cities. Growth rate increases were largest in Asian cities. This shift toward vertical development has profound consequences for material and energy use, local climate and urban living.
An enhanced non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on the Bi2S3–TiO2 nanocomposite with HNTs for the individual and simultaneous detection of 4-nitrophenol and nitrofurantoin in environmental samples
Authors: Ravikumar Srujan Basavapura , Mallu Trishul Alanahalli , Subbareddy Sirisha , Shivamurthy Santhosh Arehalli , Neelalochana Varun Donnakatte , Shantakumar Karthik Chimatahalli , Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam , Ataollahi Narges , Shadakshari Sandeep
Published: August 2024

Graphical representation showing detecion of NFT and 4-NP in real samples.
Machine learning powered detection of biological toxins in association with confined lateral flow immunoassay (c-LFA)
Authors: Choi Seoyeon , Ha Seongmin , Kim Chanmi , Nie Cheng , Jang Ju-Hong , Jang Jieun , Kwon Do Hyung , Lee Nam-Kyung , Lee Jangwook , Jeong Ju Hwan , Yang Wonjun , Jung Hyo-Il
Published: August 2024

The machine learning powered confined lateral flow immunoassay (c-LFA) for detecting biological toxins.
Efficient and fast detection of uric acid based on a colorimetric sensing method
Authors: Bai Yunfeng , Fan Xiaoxuan , Chen Guoning , Zhao Zhilong
Published: August 2024

A visual assay for the detection of uric acid using H2O2 paper was developed and validated with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
Electrochemical aptamer sensor based on AgNPs@PDANSs and “sandwich” structure guidance for the detection of tobramycin in water samples
Authors: Zhao Ke , Ma Xinyue , Wang Meng , Qu Zhengquan , Chen Hongxia , He Baoshan , Chen Hanyu , Zhang Baozhong
Published: August 2024

Schematic diagram of sensor construction: (A) synthesis of AgNPs@PDANSs complexes for electrode materials; (B) preparation of signal labels (AuNCs@ZnONSs-Apt2); (C) construction of aptamer sensor to detect TOB.
Piperidine-based ionic liquid additive with electrostatic shielding and redox activity enabling advanced lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Gao Meng-Lin , Wang Qian-Yan , Liao Ya-Ling , Chen Wei-Rong , Huang Zhong-Yu , Zhuang Xin-Xin , Zhang Xiao-Ping
Published: August 2024

The piperidine cation with electrostatic shielding capability synergizes with the redox mediator (bromide anion), effectively protecting the anode by inhibiting lithium dendrites and reducing the overpotential.
Features of optoelectronic processes in a molecular junction based on a fluorophore with optically active Frontier π-orbitals: electrofluorochromism in a ZnPc-based junction
Authors: Petrov Elmar , Kapitanchuk Oleksiy , Shevchenko Yevgen , Gorbach Victor , Lyubchik Andriy
Published: August 2024

A model of the optoelectronic process in a molecular junction has been developed, in which electron transfer occurs through transmission channels associated with the filling of the π and π* orbitals of the fluorophore.
The effect of optical-acoustic phonon coupling on the thermal conductivity of 2D MgI2
Authors: Zhang Chunwei , Jiang Xiaobo , Wang Xiaodan , Cao Xingan , Zhou LinZhen , Xing Yuheng , Xu Ning
Published: August 2024

The optical and acoustic phonon coupling induces the enhancement of the anharmonicity of scattering and the decrease of the thermal conductivity due to the introduction of four-phonon scattering.
Intersystem crossing in a dibenzofuran-based room temperature phosphorescent luminophore investigated by non-adiabatic dynamics
Authors: Ulukan Pelin , Lognon Elise , Catak Saron , Monari Antonio
Published: August 2024

The use of phosphorescent luminophores is highly beneficial in diverse high-technological and biological applications.
Generating knowledge graphs through text mining of catalysis research related literature
Authors: Behr Alexander S. , Chernenko Diana , Koßmann Dominik , Neyyathala Arjun , Hanf Schirin , Schunk Stephan A. , Kockmann Norbert
Published: August 2024

Ontology learning and named entity recognition are used to automate text data extraction from catalysis research and organizing it into a knowledge graph. Extending the CatalysisIE model practical use of the workflow for researchers is demonstrated.
Influence of binders and matrices on zeolite-containing catalysts
Authors: Zhang Ke , Jiang Xiao , Forte Michael J. , Sun Miao , AlAbdullah Mohammad , AlAmer Mohammed , Aljishi Mohammad , AlSayed Essam , AlSadat Wajdi , Gates Bruce C. , Katz Alexander
Published: August 2024

This perspective summarizes the role of binders in zeolitic catalytic systems and provides insights into how binders affect acid density, porosity, and the control of the proximity between metal and acid sites within shaped zeolite catalysts.
Substrate-directed C(sp3)–H borylation via transition metal catalysis: expanding the toolbox for C–H functionalization
Authors: Thalakottukara Dolly David , Sekar Manikandan , Mandal Astam , Gandhi Thirumanavelan , Maiti Debabrata
Published: August 2024

Organoborons play a crucial role in organic synthesis, easing the construction of C–C and C–X bonds, which in turn sensitize C(sp3)–H borylation reactions.
Scalable and green juglone synthesis via heterogeneous photocatalysis in a photomicroreactor
Authors: Pasha Mohsin , Wang Yuhan , Ma You , Qian Guozhi , Xue Xiao , Zhang Hong , Yang Yong , Shang Minjing , Zhang Pengfei , Su Yuanhai
Published: August 2024

A green and scalable heterogeneous photocatalysis platform is efficiently established for multigram juglone production using photomicroreactors, which are at the forefront of sustainable flow chemistry.
An automated electrochemistry platform for studying pH-dependent molecular electrocatalysis
Authors: Pence Michael A. , Hazen Gavin , Rodríguez-López Joaquín
Published: August 2024

An automated electrochemistry platform designed for molecular electrocatalysis studies.
Room-temperature synthesis of bimetallic ZnCu-MOF-74 as an adsorbent for tetracycline removal from an aqueous solution
Authors: Flores Catalina V. , Machín-Garriga Andy , Obeso Juan L. , Flores J. Gabriel , Ibarra Ilich A. , Portillo-Vélez Nora S. , Leyva Carolina , Peralta Ricardo A.
Published: August 2024

Tetracycline water remediation employing the bimetallic MOF ZnCu-MOF-74 synthesized at room temperature exhibits excellent performance, stability, and cyclability.
Polycation-regulated hydrogel electrolytes with nanoscale hydrophobic confinement inducing Zn(002) deposition for highly reversible zinc anodes
Authors: Wang Xilin , Wang Bin , Lei Pengyang , Wang Xiaorui , Zhou Lei , Zhang Junxiang , Zhang Jinyang , Cheng Jianli
Published: August 2024

A polycation-regulated hydrogel electrolyte with nanoscale hydrophobic confinement addresses dendrites, corrosion, and lifespan issues in AZIBs by regulating the electric field, enhancing Zn2+ migration, and guiding Zn(002) plane growth.
Re-evaluating retrosynthesis algorithms with Syntheseus
Authors: Maziarz Krzysztof , Tripp Austin , Liu Guoqing , Stanley Megan , Xie Shufang , Gaiński Piotr , Seidl Philipp , Segler Marwin H. S.
Published: August 2024

Syntheseus provides reference models and search algorithms as well as metrics to evaluate and improve synthesis planning tools.
Investigating the effects of laser wavelengths and other ablation parameters on the detection of biogenic elements and contaminants in hydroxyapatite
Authors: Fazlić Aida , Faruzelová Anna , Buday Jakub , Michlovská Lenka , Vojtová Lucy , Modlitbová Pavlína , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef
Published: August 2024

A comparison of laser ablation measurement parameters (laser wavelength, energy, gate delay, defocus, and spot size) to determine optimal settings for the detection of heavy metals and biogenic elements in a hard tissue matrix (hydroxyapatite).
Vapor selective and controlled actuation of gelatin-based soft actuators
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Siraj Sarah Ahmad , Satapathy Dillip K.
Published: August 2024

Soft actuators with multi-vapour responsiveness demonstrating distinct movement.
Enantiocomplementary C–H bond hydroxylation through a dual-enzyme catalyzed one-pot two-step process
Authors: Xu Jian , Ma Pan , Chen Qing-song
Published: August 2024

A one-pot, two-step C–H bond hydroxylation process that integrates HRP-catalyzed oxidation and carbonyl reductase-catalyzed reduction for the enantiocomplementary synthesis of benzyl alcohols.
Hexagonal Mg2B2 and Ca2B2 monolayers as promising anode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Yuqi , Li Kaiqi , Wang Bing , Zhang Weiming , Wang Erpeng , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: August 2024

Expanding the MBene family to non-transition metal borides, we report two hexagonal MBenes, Mg2B2 and Ca2B2 monolayers, which exhibit excellent overall anode performances as anode materials for Li/Na ions.
Bio-inspired synthesis and bioactivities of phenylethanoid glycoside crenatosides
Authors: Shi Qingqing , Li Haotian , Yang Tao , Qi Luyao , Tang Wei , Xu Peng , Yu Biao
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report an effective approach for the synthesis of phenylethanoid glycosides bearing a fused 1,4-dioxane motif, employing a bio-inspired oxidative cyclization of the glucose 2′-OH and benzylic carbon of phenylethanol aglycone as a key step.
Enantioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of aniline derivatives with cyclic N-sulfonyl α-ketiminoesters: the effect of catalyst confinement and the rationale behind the high enantioselectivity
Authors: Li Jiahui , Yu Shibo , He Lei , Yu Tianxu , Xue Leipeng , Yao Chao , Li Yue-Ming
Published: August 2024

In the presence of structurally confined chiral catalysts, the mechanism of the reaction could be altered and aromatization of the reaction intermediates became the key factor governing the high enantioselectivity of the reactions.
Haloarchaeal poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate)] composite films reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets as a biomaterial for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Bhende Prajakta Praveen , Dias Joephil D. , Srivastava Honey , Chauhan Rashmi , Waigaonkar Sachin , Ganguly Anasuya , Braganςa Judith M.
Published: August 2024

We explore the potential of a copolymer, poly[(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate), naturally synthesized by Halogeometricum borinquense E3, as a potential tissue engineering biomaterial.
NIR light-triggered photodynamic antibacterial nanofiber membrane based on polycaprolactone and phthalocyanine derivative for biomedical applications
Authors: Abd El-Aziz Asmaa M. , Serag Eman , El-Khouly Mohamed E.
Published: August 2024

NIR light triggered photodynamic antibacterial nanofiber membrane based on phthalocyanine derivative for biomedical applications.
Paper-based chemometer device for the estimation of α-amylase—a biomarker for pancreatitis
Authors: Daurai Bethuel , Gogoi Manashjit
Published: August 2024

We show the working of a paper-based chemometer device (PCD). Starch triiodide coated on the channel discolours upon the addition of α-amylase. The discoloured distance is directly proportional to the concentration of α-amylase.
3D printing for safe organic synthesis in mixed liquid/gas-phase chemistry
Authors: Korabelnikova Victoria A. , Gyrdymova Yulia V. , Gordeev Evgeniy G. , Potorochenko Anton N. , Rodygin Konstantin S. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: August 2024

Working with liquid/gas-phase systems in chemical laboratories is a fundamentally important but difficult operation, mainly due to the explosion risk associated with conventional laboratory equipment.
Exploring the potential of MB4 (M = Cr, Mo, and W) MBenes as high-capacity anode materials for Ca-ion batteries: a DFT approach
Authors: Masood M. Kashif , Wang Jing , Song Juntao , Liu Ying
Published: August 2024

In a Ca-ion battery, positively charged calcium ions flow through a separator to the cathode. This leaves a negative charge of electrons on the anode. When charging, this flow is reversed.
Exploring the synergy of magnetism and electrocatalysis: a comprehensive review on mechanisms, recent developments and future perspectives
Authors: Belgami Mohammed Arkham , Patra Abhinandan , Jeong Sang Mun , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: August 2024

Material modifications and magnetic field play a significant role in enhancing the performance of electrocatalyst.
Computational discovery of stable Na-ion sulfide solid electrolytes with high conductivity at room temperature
Authors: Jang Seong-Hoon , Jalem Randy , Tateyama Yoshitaka
Published: August 2024

The search for inorganic solid electrolytes suitable for the realization of solid-state batteries with structural stability and high ion conductivity at room temperature remains a significant challenge.
Synthesis and characterization of a crystalline Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) cathode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Subaşı Yaprak , Altenschmidt Laura , Lindgren Fredrik , Ericsson Tore , Häggström Lennart , Tai Cheuk-Wai , Liu Haidong , Younesi Reza
Published: August 2024

The combustion synthesized Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) cathode exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance due to its higher purity, thin and dense carbon layer, and optimized pore structure compared to the one synthesized by the sol–gel method.
Real-time and self-monitoring lubricant enabled by the triboluminescence of ZnS:Cu/GF/PTFE composites
Authors: Guo Xiuping , Wei Wanyuan , He Xiao , Wang Fu , Wang Zhaofeng
Published: August 2024

In this work, we fabricated ZnS:Cu/GF/PTFE lubricating composites with remarkable triboluminescence, based on which the working parameters of solid lubricants and the service lifetime of lubricating oils could be self-monitored.
Remote epitaxy of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 films on SrTiO3
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Yankun , Dai Liyan , Wu Heping , Ren Xin , An Ruihua , Li Sijin , Wang Lingyan , Huang Linya , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Ren Wei , Schroeder Thomas , Schwarzkopf Jutta , Niu Gang
Published: August 2024

The surface morphology and crystallinity of KNN films grown on G-STO substrates with different orientations.
Quantum well thickness control of a hybrid perovskite to achieve a tunable anisotropic photoresponse
Authors: Liu Cheng-Dong , Fan Chang-Chun , Liang Bei-Dou , Wang Wei , Jin Ming-Liang , Jing Chang-Qing , Zhang Jing-Meng , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2024

The thickness of the quantum well determines the photosensitivity to linearly polarized light in metal-halide perovskite single-crystal devices.
Impact of Cultural–Linguistic Differences on Vocal Fatigue Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saeedi Saeed , Ghorbani Somayeh , Rong Panying
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The perception of a clinical condition or disorder can vary across patients from different cultural–linguistic backgrounds. There is insufficient evidence to inspect this potential impact on the perception of vocal fatigue (VF) as a common condition perceived by patients with voice disorders. In order to more comprehensively explore this phenomenon, a systematic review was carried out to investigate the differences in perceived VF in a variety of cultural–linguistic contexts, based on a standard self-assessment instrument—the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI), as translated in different languages.

Method:

A thorough search was done in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by March 2024. Cross-sectional studies investigating the accuracy of the VFI to detect perceived VF in all available languages were considered. The VFI has three distinct parts or factors assessing: (a) tiredness of voice, (b) physical discomfort associated with voicing, and (c) improvement of symptoms with rest. The cutoff points and sensitivity and specificity of each factor were submitted to meta-analysis, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine pooled sensitivity and specificity of each factor of the VFI.

Results:

Eight papers that examined the diagnostic accuracy of the VFI in English, Malayalam, Turkish, German, Mandarin Chinese, Polish, Cantonese, and Finnish languages were identified as being eligible for this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity along with their confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: 0.91 CI [0.80, 0.96] and 0.88 CI [0.78, 0.94] for Factor 1, 0.83 CI [0.69, 0.91] and 0.84 CI [0.76, 0.89] for Factor 2, and 0.75 CI [0.67, 0.82] and 0.77 CI [0.59, 0.89] for Factor 3.

Conclusions:

The present research demonstrates medium to high but heterogeneous accuracy of the VFI for detecting perceived VF across cultural–linguistic contexts. Given the promising results, future studies should focus on (a) further investigating the underlying factors for the observed heterogeneity in diagnostic accuracy and (b) adapting and validating the VFI in more languages toward establishing its validity as a cross-linguistic diagnostic tool for the perception of VF.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26397106
New Differential‐Based Distinguishers for Ascon via Constraint Programming
Authors: Song Chan , Wu Wenling , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

As the winner of the NIST lightweight cryptography project, Ascon has undergone extensive self‐evaluation and third‐party cryptanalysis. In this paper, we use constraint programming (CP) as a tool to analyze the Ascon permutation and propose several differential‐based distinguishers. We first propose a search methodology for finding truncated differentials for Ascon with CP, the core of which is modeling with the undisturbed bits of the S‐box. By using this method, we find the five‐ and six‐round truncated differentials with a probability of 2−44 and 2−162, respectively. Considering the application of permutation in the context, we also provide the five‐ and six‐round truncated differential distinguishers under the weak‐key setting. Then, inspired by our five‐round truncated differentials, we propose a six‐round boomerang characteristic, and based on this, we obtain the five‐ and six‐round sandwich distinguishers with a complexity of 270 and 2134, respectively. Using the CP tool again and specifying that the “3‐3” differential pattern is satisfied in the middle rounds, we propose a six‐round differential characteristic with a probability of 2−280, which increases the probability by 225 compared to the best known six‐round differential characteristic.
Ultrasoft state of microquasar Cygnus X-3: X-ray polarimetry reveals the geometry of the astronomical puzzle
Authors: Veledina Alexandra , Poutanen Juri , Bocharova Anastasiia , Di Marco Alessandro , Forsblom Sofia V. , La Monaca Fabio , Podgorný Jakub , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Ahlberg Varpu , Green David A. , Muleri Fabio , Rhodes Lauren , Bianchi Stefano , Costa Enrico , Dovčiak Michal , Loktev Vladislav , McCollough Michael , Soffitta Paolo , Sunyaev Rashid
Published: August 2024

Cygnus X-3 is an enigmatic X-ray binary that is both an exceptional accreting system and a cornerstone for population synthesis studies. Prominent X-ray and radio properties follow a well-defined pattern, and yet the physical reasons for the state changes observed in this system are not known. Recently, the presence of an optically thick envelope around the central source in the hard state was revealed using the X-ray polarization data obtained with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In this work we analyse IXPE data obtained in the ultrasoft (radio quenched) state of the source. The average polarization degree (PD) of 11.9 ± 0.5% at a polarization angle (PA) of 94° ±1° is inconsistent with the simple geometry of the accretion disc viewed at an intermediate inclination. The high PD, the blackbody-like spectrum, and the weakness of fluorescent iron line imply that the central source is hidden behind the optically thick outflow, similar to the hard-state geometry, and its beamed radiation is scattered, by the matter located along the funnel axis, towards our line of sight. In this picture the observed PD is directly related to the source inclination, which we conservatively determine to lie in the range 26° < i < 28°. Using the new polarimetric properties, we propose a scenario that can be responsible for the cyclic behaviour of the state changes in the binary.
Simulation and analysis of radiant intensity for critical
Authors: Li Shaoze , Si Fuqi
Published: August 2024

Atmospheric oxygen A-band (759-767nm) airglow has strong radiation intensity in the visible band, and the global atmospheric temperature field can be obtained based on the oxygen A-spectrum line. In order to realize the marginal observation of oxygen A-airglow, the intensity distribution and change at different heights need to be simulated. Firstly, the body emissivity at different heights and solar zenith angles is obtained based on the photochemical model of oxygen A-band airglow. Secondly, the oxygen airglow radiation transmission process is established based on the observation geometry of the edge. Then, the airglow radiation intensity is simulated based on the detection geometry path of the edge to obtain the airglow spectrum lines at different observation heights of the edge.
Research and application of low oil-water ratio organoclay-free oil-based drilling fluid technology
Authors: Shi He , Ni Xiaoxiao , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Zheng , Wang Jianhua , Cheng Rongchao , Yan Lili , Zhang Jiaqi , Yang Haijun , Cui Xiaobo , Zhang Lining
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces the formation and application of a low oil-water ratio organoclay-free oil-based drilling fluid. Shale oil and gas are important alternative energy sources. Due to the extremely complex geological conditions, oil-based drilling fluid technology is commonly used to reduce complexity. Although some achievements have been made, there are still problems such as unstable wellbore, difficult rheological control, and high cost. A stable and low-viscosity water-in-oil emulsion system was successfully prepared by using optimized fatty acid imidazolines emulsifier and alkyl alcohol ether wetting agent, which enabled the oil-based drilling fluid to have a larger solid and water phase capacity. On this basis, a special poly-fatty acid amide rheological modifier was used to assist in the regulation of rheological parameters, resulting in a low-viscosity and high-shear structure of the oil-based drilling fluid. This effectively ensured the efficiency of cuttings carrying while reducing the adverse effects of viscosity on Equivalent Circulating Density(ECD). The low oil-water ratio oil-based drilling fluid technology has been applied in a shale gas drilling platform in southern Sichuan, China, which greatly reduces the cost of oil-based drilling fluid while ensuring drilling efficiency.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Coal Mine Production Safety Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Shang Shuyu , Chen Lijie
Published: August 2024

In view of the potential safety hazards existing in the production and operation process of coal mining enterprises, through expert consultation and comprehensive investigation, sort out the relevant risk factors, establish the corresponding coal mine production risk evaluation index system, conduct fuzzy comprehensive evaluation by combining AHP and fuzzy mathematical evaluation method, and calculate the weight of each index and the risk level of coal mine production, Finally, through a case study of a coal mine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the feasibility of the risk evaluation method is verified, which provides a theoretical basis for coal mine production enterprises to formulate risk management schemes and a reference for risk management of coal mine production industry.
An Analytical Study on the Measurement of Agricultural Net Irrigation Water Requirements
Authors: Hu Rongxiang , Luo Xu , Zheng Zheng
Published: August 2024

The net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) in the irrigated area is the “terminal” of water-use efficiency and the basis for implementing quota management and water-saving incentives. Also, it is significant for farmland water management and water conservation in irrigated areas. In light of the average water consumption per mu and the crop area, which are two key indicators of the NIWR, this paper adopts the field selection measurement method and the statistical method based on the image patches achieved by China’s third national land survey to acquire the data of water consumptions and crop areas. In this case, four principles of field selection are proposed, including “basic requirements”, “moderate size”, “controllable water inflow”, and “measurement practicality”, in an attempt to increase the number of fields selected for analysis. In addition, based on the image patches, the “complete investigation” and the “typical investigation” are suggested for irrigated areas at different scales to determine the crop areas, which are proven practicable and available for evaluating the water-use efficiency of irrigated areas at different scales.
Reliabilität und Validität einer deutschen Version des Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale
Authors: Podzimek Jiri , Jecker Peter , Koscielny Sven , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund Unter Globus, als Begriff für eine multifaktoriell bedingte Symptombeschreibung, leiden viele Patienten, die den HNO-Arzt aufsuchen. Dabei ist es gerade beim Erstkontakt wichtig, die oft sensibel veranlagten Patienten ernst zu nehmen und eine strukturierte diagnostische Abklärung anzubieten. Bislang fehlt im klinischen Alltag ein Screening-Instrument, mit dem man die Globussymptomatik näher differenzieren und ihren Schweregrad einschätzen kann.

Fragestellung Es wurden die Reliabilität und Validität der deutschen Version der Glasgow Edinburg Throat Scale (GETS) untersucht.

Material und Methoden Der Original-GETS-Fragebogen wurde in die deutsche Sprache (GETS-G) übersetzt und in einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie von 60 Patienten mit Globusgefühl (>3 Monaten) ausgefüllt. Alle Patienten wurden klinisch und sonografisch untersucht. Bei Patienten ohne feststellbare organische Ursache erfolgte zudem eine pH-Metrie.

Ergebnisse Bei 30 Patienten (50%) konnte eine lokale organische Ursache für den Globus gefunden werden. Zudem wurde bei 24 Patienten (40%) ein Reflux mittels pH-Metrie nachgewiesen. Lediglich bei 6 Patienten (10%) konnte keine Ursache festgestellt werden. Im Hinblick auf den Gesamtscore (Q1–Q12) zeigte sich zwischen diesen 3 Gruppen kein signifikanter Unterschied. Der Cronbachs-Alpha zur Beurteilung der Reliabilität des GETS-G betrug bei der 12-Item-Analyse 0,88. Die Hauptkomponentenanalyse ergab eine Globusskala, eine Dysphagieskala und eine Skala für chronische Pharynxirritation.

Schlussfolgerung Der GETS-G zeigte eine hohe Reliabilität und Validität, was den Einsatz bei Globuspatienten im deutschsprachigen Raum rechtfertig und zukünftig zu einer besseren Einschätzung des Schweregrads dieses Symptoms führen kann.
Effect of Nusinersen on Respiratory and Bulbar Function in Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Real-World Experience from a Single Center
Authors: Gaboli Mirella , López Lobato Mercedes , Valverde Fernández Justo , Ferrand Ferri Patricia , Rubio Pérez Eloisa , Andrade Ruiz Henry A. , López-Puerta González José María , Madruga-Garrido Marcos
Published: August 2024

Background Due to the limited data from clinical trials and real-world settings in the realm of nusinersen, there is a need for further evidence. This study seeks to assess the impact of nusinersen, when combined with standard care, on bulbar function, respiratory function, and the necessity for respiratory support among pediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Methods Prospective observational study, involving pediatric SMA patients (Types 1–3) undergoing nusinersen treatment at the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío in Spain over at least 24 months. The cohort included 11 SMA type 1 patients, comprising 6 type 1b and 5 type 1c, 12 SMA type 2 patients, and 5 SMA type 3 patients.

Results Twenty-eight pediatric patients were enrolled with the majority being male (n = 20). Patients with type 1 were diagnosed and received treatment significantly earlier than those with types 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a longer period between diagnosis and the start of treatment in types 2 and 3 (p = 0.002). Follow-up revealed statistically improved functional and respiratory outcomes associated with earlier initiation of nusinersen treatment at 6, 12, and 24 months in all phenotypes. The ability to swallow and feed correctly remained unchanged throughout the study, with SMA type 1c patients maintaining oral feeding in contrast to patients with SMA type 1b. Notably, no deaths were recorded.

Conclusions This study provides important insights into the real-world clinical progress of pediatric SMA patients and their response to nusinersen treatment, highlighting the significance of early intervention for better functional and respiratory outcomes.
Multitasking during Medication Management in a Nursing Home: A Time Motion Study
Authors: Kang Yu Jin , Mueller Christine A. , Gaugler Joseph E. , Monsen Karen A.
Published: August 2024

Background Multitasking, defined as performing two or more interventions simultaneously, increases the cognitive burden of clinicians. This may, in turn, lead to higher risk of medication and procedural errors. Time motion study (TMS) data for nurses in nursing homes revealed an extensive amount of multitasking while managing medications. Further investigation of multitasked nursing interventions will provide a foundation for optimizing medication management workflows.

Objectives Using a continuous observational TMS method, this study aimed to describe pairs of multitasked nursing interventions associated with medication management interventions, including preparing and administering medications, assessing medication effects, instructing on medications, and documenting medication administration.

Methods An external nurse observer used 57 predefined Omaha System nursing interventions embedded within TimeCaT (version 3.9), TMS data recording software to collect observation data in a single nursing home. A total of 120 hours of time-stamped observation data from nine nurses were downloaded from TimeCaT and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results The majority (74%) of medication management interventions were multitasked, resulting in 2,003 pairs of multitasked interventions. Of the 57 Omaha System nursing interventions, 35 were involved in these multitasking pairs. When nurses multitasked, the average duration of medication preparation was longer (non-multitasked: 81 seconds; multitasked: 162 seconds, p < 0.05), while the average duration of medication administration record documentation was shorter (non-multitasked: 93 seconds; multitasked: 66 seconds, p < 0.05).

Conclusion The findings reveal the complexity of medication management in nursing homes with numerous and diverse multitasking pairs. Findings provide a platform for in-depth study of medication management multitasking in the clinical context, and inform future efforts to create clinical and informatics solutions to optimize medication management workflow. This method may be also applied to examine medication management and multitasking in other clinical settings.
Salivary Profile in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mahdani Fatma Yasmin , Subarnbhesaj Ajiravudh , Ayuningtyas Nurina Febriyanti , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Bakti Reiska Kumala , Radithia Desiana , Paramananda Dimas Bayu , Indriyani Ina , Basalamah Fatimah Fauzi
Published: August 2024

Diagnosing oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is invariably challenging. The disease can be detected after reaching its final stage and requires complex treatment. Changes in its salivary profile can be used as a reference to see this disorder and as a basis for diagnostic prediction. This study is aimed to analyze the salivary profile as a diagnosis marker in patients with OSMF. The study using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. A thorough literature search between 1991 and 2023 was performed. Twenty-eight full-text articles were reviewed in detail. Twenty-eight articles were included; a total of 929 patients of OSMF and 826 controls were found. The scoping review showed that levels of salivary protein (including lactate hydrogenase, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, S1007A protein, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, matrix metalloproteinase-12, salivary C-reactive protein, fibrinogen producing factor, salivary miRNA-21, and salivary lipids [cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) were higher in OSMF. Meanwhile, trace elements (vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, zinc, and magnesium) were lower; only copper was higher in OSMF patients. Alteration in salivary components such as protein, lipid, and trace elements detection can be a basis for providing a noninvasive supportive examination and thus be used as a diagnosis marker of OSMF.
A normally off high-voltage InGaZnO transistor with drain offset region modulated by an InZnO layer
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Zhang Jun , Yao Jiafei , Li Man , Yang Kemeng , Zhang Maolin , Guo Yufeng
Published: August 2024

This work presents a normally off high-voltage indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) featuring a drain offset region modulated by the IZO layer (IMO, IMO-IGZO TFT). In addition to decreasing the specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) by more than three orders of magnitude, the IMO structure further elevates the breakdown voltage by optimizing the thickness of the IZO layer (tIZO) compared to the Offset TFT. Through TCAD simulation, the underlying mechanism responsible for the improved performance of the IMO-IGZO TFT is elucidated. The introduced IZO modulating layer effectively increases carrier concentration and rebuilds the electric field within the offset region. Consequently, the IMO-IGZO TFT with a 6 nm thick IZO modulating layer and 3.5 μm length offset region attains a breakdown voltage of 410 V and demonstrates favorable Ron,sp of 5.3 × 103 mΩ × cm2. This results in a Baliga's figure of merit of 31.72 kW/cm2, surpassing conventional and Offset TFTs by factors of 186 and 3048, respectively.
Determining the density and spatial descriptors of atomic scale defects of 2H–WSe2 with ensemble deep learning
Authors: Smalley Darian , Lough Stephanie D. , Holtzman Luke N. , Holbrook Madisen , Hone James C. , Barmak Katayun , Ishigami Masahiro
Published: August 2024

We have demonstrated atomic-scale defect characterization in scanning tunneling microscopy images of single crystal tungsten diselenide using an ensemble of U-Net-like convolutional neural networks. Coordinates, counts, densities, and spatial extents were determined from almost 16 000 defect detections, leading to the rapid identification of defect types and their densities. Our results show that analysis aided by machine learning can be used to rapidly determine the quality of transition metal dichalcogenides and provide much needed quantitative input, which may improve the synthesis process.
Numerical analysis of wave slamming on the David Taylor Model Basin 5415 ship model
Authors: Yang Xiqing , Bao Wenqian , Wang Daifei , Mei Tianrui , Xu Gang
Published: August 2024

This paper employs the user-defined function method to define the boundary and analyzes the effects of various ship speeds, wave parameters, and bow structural loads on deck and hull motion responses. When the ship has a wave slamming phenomenon, the water body's height, its response to the slamming load on the deck and superstructure, and hull motion improve the seakeeping performance of the hull model. Analysis of simulation results reveals that peak slamming loads generally increase with higher speeds and wave heights. As speed increases, results oscillate irregularly, affecting the nonlinearity of the slamming load. Additionally, when the wave slamming occurs, the slamming load near the superstructure of the bow model is relatively small. Finally, the numerical modeling method is used to modify the bow area structure, and the simulation analysis is carried out under different incident waves and speeds. The influence of the drift angle on the superstructure is discussed, and beneficial suggestions are provided for the future studies of waves on deck.
Development of a multiple laser-sheet imaging technique for the analysis of three-dimensional turbulent explosion flame structures
Authors: Ahmed Pervez , Thorne Benjamin John Alexander , Yang Junfeng
Published: August 2024

The present work describes the development of a multiple laser-sheet imaging technique for the study of turbulent, premixed flame surface structures at high Karlovitz stretch factor values. Experiments were conducted using CH4 air mixtures at 365 K and 0.5 MPa and up to a root mean square turbulence velocity of 1.5 m/s. A high-speed Nd:YAG laser capable of pulsing up to 60 kHz in conjunction with a high-speed camera and a rotating mirror was used to reconstruct time-resolved three-dimensional turbulent flames. This has, for the first time, enabled the direct measurement of wrinkled flame surface areas, along with reaction progress variable and flame brush thickness. These are important parameters for the characterization of turbulent burning rates and provide more insight into the dynamic nature of the flames and their structures. In addition, the current data aid toward direct comparison with results from combustion simulation studies.
Solutions to a generalized Chern–Simons Higgs model on finite graphs by topological degree
Authors: Hou Songbo , Qiao Wenjie
Published: August 2024

Consider a finite connected graph denoted as G = (V, E). This study explores a generalized Chern-Simons Higgs model, characterized by the equation Δu=λeu(eu−1)2p+1+f, where Δ denotes the graph Laplacian, λ is a real number, p is a non-negative integer, and f is a function on V. Through the computation of the topological degree, this paper demonstrates the existence of a single solution for the model. Further analysis of the interplay between the topological degree and the critical group of an associated functional reveals the presence of multiple solutions. These findings extend the work of Li et al. [Calc. Var. 63, 81 (2024)] and Chao and Hou [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 519, 126787 (2023)].
Nearby allocation of emergency repair resources for multiple faults in distribution networks based on parallel CNN algorithm
Authors: Feng Bo , Zhang Wei , Huang Weixiang , Chen Qianyi , Li Shan
Published: August 2024

In order to improve the efficiency of emergency repair for multiple faults in distribution networks, a method for allocating emergency repair resources for multiple faults in distribution networks based on parallel convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is studied. This method uses a matrix operation based multiple fault detection method for distribution networks. After determining the location of multiple faults based on the direction of fault power, the principle is to allocate emergency repair resources nearby for multiple faults, with the goal of minimizing economic losses caused by the fault point and minimizing fault repair time. The objective function for allocating emergency repair resources nearby is constructed, and parallel CNN algorithm is used to solve the problem by classification, to find the feasible solution with the minimum mean square error between the objective function and the feasible solution set for nearby allocation of emergency repair resources, and it is used as the optimal solution for nearby allocation of repair resources. The experimental results show that when the proposed method is used to allocate emergency repair resources for multiple faults in the distribution network, the optimal time for setting the repair plan is 0.53 and 0.96 s, respectively, with an average allocation accuracy of 91%. It has been confirmed that this method can achieve the optimal decision of resource allocation plan in a short period of time, improving the efficiency of emergency repair.
Near-field induced local excitation dynamics of Na10 and Na10–N2 from real-time TDDFT
Authors: Nishizawa Daisuke , Amano Risa , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Iwasa Takeshi
Published: August 2024

Electron dynamics of the Na10 chain and the Na10–N2 complex locally excited by an atomistic optical near-field are investigated using real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations on real-space grids. Ultrafast laser pulses were used to simulate the near-field excitation under on- and off-resonance conditions. Off-resonance excitation did not lead to the propagation of the excitation through the Na10 chain. In contrast, under the resonance conditions, the excited state is delocalized over the entire Na chain. Analysis of the local dipole moment of each atom in Na10 indicates that this behavior is consistent with the transition density. Adding an N2 molecule to the opposite end of the local excitation region results in energy transfer via the Na10 chain. The energy transfer efficiency of the N2 molecule is well correlated with the absorption spectrum of Na10. The present study paves the way for realizing remote excitation and photonic devices at the atomic scale.
Uniqueness of blowup at singular points for superconductivity problem
Authors: Du Lili , Tang Xu , Wang Cong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the uniqueness of blowup at singular points of the free boundary in the superconductivity problem. We provide a sufficient condition and demonstrate that this condition can be verified in certain special cases. The proof of the main results in this paper is primarily based on Weiss-type and Monneau-type monotonicity formulas, and is inspired by the recent paper [Chen et al. arXiv: 2204.11426v2 (2022)].
Organic synaptic transistor showing ultralow energy consumption with a microscale channel by laser ablation
Authors: Wang Yu-Ping , Yin Da , Zhang Hao-Yang , Bi Yan-Gang , Jia Shi-Xin , Feng Jing
Published: August 2024

Low energy consumption per synaptic event is important for artificial synapses in applications of highly integrated and large-scale neuromorphic computing systems. Reducing the channel length of a synaptic transistor is an effective method to achieve this goal because such devices can work under low operating voltage and current. In this Letter, we use femtosecond laser ablation to fabricate a microscale slit in an Ag film as the channel of an organic synaptic transistor to obtain low energy consumption. The length of the shortest channel is only 1.6 μm. As a result, the device could be driven by a 50 μV drain bias voltage while output 855 pA excitatory postsynaptic current under a gate spike of 50 mV and 30 ms. The calculated energy consumption per synaptic event is 1.28 fJ, which is comparable to that of a biological synapse (1–10 fJ per synaptic event). Femtosecond laser ablation has been demonstrated a rapid and effective process for the fabrication of microscale channel with high resolution for synaptic transistor, showing large potential for the development of neuromorphic electronics.
Direct numerical simulation of open-channel flow over a heterogeneous particle bed at low relative submergence
Authors: Sarwar S. , Akiki G. , Balachandar S. , Sleigh P. A. , Wright N. G.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates turbulent open-channel flows over beds of irregularly arranged particles, using direct numerical simulations at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ=300. Two distinct cases are examined: a polydisperse bed (P800) composed of multiple layers of randomly distributed spheres of varying sizes, and a monodisperse bed (M1015) formed by a random distribution of uniform sized spheres, with a bottommost single layer of varied-sized particles to introduce realistic randomness. Our investigation unveils a rich network of low- and high-speed streaks within the flow field, exhibiting distinctive behaviors in different bed configurations. The P800 case presents a poorly organized flow pattern induced by the varied particle sizes and arrangements, while the M1015 case shows a more regular flow pattern, marked by larger streaks. We also observe that total wall shear stress is substantially influenced by surface roughness-induced drag, extending beyond the effects documented in existing studies of open-channel flows. The present study reveals intricate secondary flow patterns over irregular particle beds. Large-scale circulations are discerned around particle crests in the P800 case and localized circulations with increased turbulence in the M1015 case. Furthermore, analysis of Reynolds stress tensor components indicates that roughness disrupts coherent turbulent eddies, consequently mitigating peak stress. We quantify correlations between drag force and local fluid velocity fluctuations. Notably, a larger deviation in drag is observed in the P800 case compared to M1015, accentuating the influence of particle size and distribution on fluid–particle interactions.