bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Granular vibration pumping system for handling and characterizing particulate materials
Authors: Adachi Masato , Shirode Kenta , Yamato Shuntaro , Tanaka Kosuke , Kanamori Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

A unique setup for a granular vibration pumping system was developed to ease the installation into a wide variety of granular handling processes and provide flexible options for granular physics research. Although the granular vibration pumping system can notably lift granular materials with an oscillating pipe, the climbing mechanism and related granular physics are yet to be clarified thoroughly. The new setup employs an eccentric cam mechanism as the excitation source, a linear system with dust tolerance, and a recording system, making it simple, compact, and adaptable for extending experiments. The excitation mechanism generated a clear sinusoidal vibration in the pipe, realizing better reproducibility of the climbing motions of glass beads. Moreover, the compact design facilitates the close placement of multiple pipes vibrating individually, which affects the transport performance. In addition, various types of sample cells that store particles and the imaging system allow for the detailed observation of particle motions in the pipes and even the sample cells. This developed system provides easy and accurate tuning of the existing parameters of the granular vibration pumping system, as well as new options for a further understanding of granular physics.
Energy decomposition analysis method using density matrix formulation
Authors: Zhang Yueyang , Yan Longxiang , Wu Wei , Su Peifeng
Published: May 2024

In this work, an energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method with the strategy of density matrix, called DM-EDA, is proposed on the basis of single reference electronic structure calculations. Different from traditional EDA methods, instead of an intermediate state wave function, the EDA terms in DM-EDA are expressed in the forms of the density matrix. This method can be carried out with various kinds of density matrices. With the efficient implementation, DM-EDA not only greatly improves the computational efficiency but also provides quantitative knowledge of intermolecular interactions with a large number of monomers.
Effects of carbon concentration on the local atomic structure of amorphous GST
Authors: Appleton Robert J. , McClure Zachary D. , Adams David P. , Strachan Alejandro
Published: May 2024

Ge-Sb-Te (GST) alloys are leading phase-change materials for data storage due to the fast phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. Ongoing research aims at improving the stability of the amorphous phase to improve retention. This can be accomplished by the introduction of carbon as a dopant to Ge2Sb2Te5, which is known to alter the short- and mid-range structure of the amorphous phase and form covalently bonded C clusters, both of which hinder crystallization. The relative importance of these processes as a function of C concentration is not known. We used molecular dynamics simulation based on density functional theory to study how carbon doping affects the atomic structure of GST-C. Carbon doping results in an increase in tetrahedral coordination, especially of Ge atoms, and this is known to stabilize the amorphous phase. We observe an unexpected, non-monotonous trend in the number of tetrahedral bonded Ge with the amount of carbon doping. Our simulations show an increase in the number of tetrahedral bonded Ge up to 5 at.% C, after which the number saturates and begins to decrease above 14 at.% C. The carbon atoms aggregate into clusters, mostly in the form of chains and graphene flakes, leaving less carbon to disrupt the GST matrix at higher carbon concentrations. Different degrees of carbon clustering can explain divergent experimental results for recrystallization temperature for carbon doped GST.
Prediction through quantum dynamics simulations: Photo-excited cyclobutanone
Authors: Bennett Olivia , Freibert Antonia , Spinlove K. Eryn , Worth Graham A.
Published: May 2024

Quantum dynamics simulations are becoming a standard tool for simulating photo-excited molecular systems involving a manifold of coupled states, known as non-adiabatic dynamics. While these simulations have had many successes in explaining experiments and giving details of non-adiabatic transitions, the question remains as to their predictive power. In this work, we present a set of quantum dynamics simulations on cyclobutanone using both grid-based multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree and direct dynamics variational multi-configuration Gaussian methods. The former used a parameterized vibronic coupling model Hamiltonian, and the latter generated the potential energy surfaces on the fly. The results give a picture of the non-adiabatic behavior of this molecule and were used to calculate the signal from a gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) experiment. Corresponding experimental results will be obtained and presented at a later stage for comparison to test the predictive power of the methods. The results show that over the first 500 fs after photo-excitation to the S2 state, cyclobutanone relaxes quickly to the S1 state, but only a small population relaxes further to the S0 state. No significant transfer of population to the triplet manifold is found. It is predicted that the GUED experiments over this time scale will see signals related mostly to the C–O stretch motion and elongation of the molecular ring along the C–C–O axis.
Science for All at CERN
Authors: Hof Barbara
Published: May 2024

In the 1960s CERN initiated a series of popular-science talks for nonacademic staff in the belief that getting them interested in science was key to its becoming a world-leading laboratory.
Journey to a metal world
Authors: Weiss Benjamin P. , Elkins-Tanton Linda T.
Published: May 2024

A mission en route to the unusual asteroid Psyche may be humanity’s only opportunity to visit the core of a planetary body.
Recent advances in genome editing strategies for balancing growth and defence in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Tanveer Maira , Abidin Zain Ul , Alawadi Hussam F. Najeeb , Shahzad Ahmad Naeem , Mahmood Athar , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Qari Sameer , Oraby Hesham Farouk
Published: May 2024

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) has gained more attention worldwide in recent decades because of its importance as a bioenergy resource and in producing table sugar. However, the production capabilities of conventional varieties are being challenged by the changing climates, which struggle to meet the escalating demands of the growing global population. Genome editing has emerged as a pivotal field that offers groundbreaking solutions in agriculture and beyond. It includes inserting, removing or replacing DNA in an organism’s genome. Various approaches are employed to enhance crop yields and resilience in harsh climates. These techniques include zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas). Among these, CRISPR/Cas is one of the most promising and rapidly advancing fields. With the help of these techniques, several crops like rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), maize (Zea mays), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and sugarcane have been improved to be resistant to viral diseases. This review describes recent advances in genome editing with a particular focus on sugarcane and focuses on the advantages and limitations of these approaches while also considering the regulatory and ethical implications across different countries. It also offers insights into future prospects and the application of these approaches in agriculture.
An HLA-E-targeted TCR bispecific molecule redirects T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Paterson Rachel L. , La Manna Marco P. , Arena De Souza Victoria , Walker Andrew , Gibbs-Howe Dawn , Kulkarni Rakesh , Fergusson Joannah R. , Mulakkal Nitha Charles , Monteiro Mauro , Bunjobpol Wilawan , Dembek Marcin , Martin-Urdiroz Magdalena , Grant Tressan , Barber Claire , Garay-Baquero Diana J. , Tezera Liku Bekele , Lowne David , Britton-Rivet Camille , Pengelly Robert , Chepisiuk Natalia , Singh Praveen K. , Woon Amanda P. , Powlesland Alex S. , McCully Michelle L. , Caccamo Nadia , Salio Mariolina , Badami Giusto Davide , Dorrell Lucy , Knox Andrew , Robinson Ross , Elkington Paul , Dieli Francesco , Lepore Marco , Leonard Sarah , Godinho Luis F.
Published: May 2024

Peptides presented by HLA-E, a molecule with very limited polymorphism, represent attractive targets for T cell receptor (TCR)-based immunotherapies to circumvent the limitations imposed by the high polymorphism of classical HLA genes in the human population. Here, we describe a TCR-based bispecific molecule that potently and selectively binds HLA-E in complex with a peptide encoded by the
inhA
gene of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. We reveal the biophysical and structural bases underpinning the potency and specificity of this molecule and demonstrate its ability to redirect polyclonal T cells to target HLA-E-expressing cells transduced with mycobacterial
inhA
as well as primary cells infected with virulent Mtb. Additionally, we demonstrate elimination of Mtb-infected cells and reduction of intracellular Mtb growth. Our study suggests an approach to enhance host T cell immunity against Mtb and provides proof of principle for an innovative TCR-based therapeutic strategy overcoming HLA polymorphism and therefore applicable to a broader patient population.
Communication with international visitors
Authors: Loogus Terje , Anderson Jaanika
Published: May 2024

According to Statistics Estonia, in 2022, there were 170 museums in Estonia with 277 visitor sites, all of which
contribute to preserving, shaping, and communicating our memory and identity, translating our culture to the people of Estonia and
international visitors alike. Among European countries, Estonia has the most museums per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2022, nearly
2.5 million people visited museums, which makes 1,769 attendances per 1000 inhabitants. Museum translation is integral to
translation studies but has not been thoroughly studied in Estonia. The article attempts to reflect on the communicative potential
of interlingual translation in the University of Tartu Museum, using the concepts developed in museum translation research.
Estonia is an interesting case for discussion because, while it is a country with a very small population, it is a multilingual
country, where about 30% of the population do not speak Estonian as their first language. As a small and multilingual country,
museums cannot rely on Estonian-speaking visitors only; they also depend on foreign visitors. The research objective is to find
out how the University of Tartu Museum communicates with visitors who do not understand Estonian and what communicative strategies
have been used in the past.
The semantics and grammatical status of -frei
Authors: Fagan Sarah M. B.
Published: May 2024

This paper re-investigates the semantics and grammatical status of frei in morphologically
complex forms such as alkoholfrei ‘non-alcoholic’, bügelfrei ‘no-iron’, and
rostfrei ‘stainless, rustproof’. Taking the position that there is no need for an in-between
category of semi-affix (Bauer et al. 2013; Olsen 2014), the study demonstrates that the constituent -frei occurs with
the same meanings as the free form frei and concludes that it is not necessary to assume the
existence of a suffix. The analysis also accounts for complex forms that are argued to necessitate the recognition of
a semi-suffix because they contain an instance of -frei that does not exhibit the meaning of its free
counterpart, for example, scheinfrei ‘besitzt alle Scheine (has all credits)’.
Exploring past and present layers of multilingualism in Flemish-emigrant writing
Authors: Crombez Yasmin , Vandenbussche Wim , Vosters Rik
Published: May 2024

This article aims to contribute to the study of Belgian Dutch as an immigrant language in North America. It
does so with the specific hypothesis that the pre-migration sociolinguistic and language political context in
migrants’ home countries plays an important role, in particular with regard to societal multilingualism, as underlying
layers of multilingualism can have an impact on the post-migration contact situation. Using the diary of a Flemish
missionary who moved to Canada in 1886 as our main source, both Dutch-French and Dutch-English language contact are
charted over a 25-year time span, with specific attention to lexical borrowing. We discuss the impact of a number of
mostly language-internal variables on the relative frequency of lexical borrowing from each source language (e.g.,
semantic field, part of speech, level of integration in the target language, luxury versus necessary loans), revealing
highly divergent borrowing profiles for French and English. The article rounds off by assessing the explanatory value
of the pre-migration sociolinguistic context of Belgian Dutch, for the language patterns observed in this specific
ego-document, discussing the interaction between past and present layers of language contact.
Large anomalous Nernst conductivity of L10-ordered CoPt in CoPt composition-spread thin films
Authors: Toyama Ryo , Masuda Keisuke , Simalaotao Kodchakorn , Zhou Weinan , Kushwaha Varun K , Sakuraba Yuya
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a high-throughput experimental characterization of anomalous Nernst conductivity (

α

x
y

A

) of L10-ordered CoPt using Co1–x
Pt
x
composition-spread thin films on MgO(100) substrates. The compositional dependence of the anomalous Nernst effect, anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and Seebeck effect is systematically measured. As increasing the Pt concentration, the crystal structure in the composition-spread film grown at 500 °C changes from face-centered cubic (fcc) Co, A1-disordered CoPt, L10-ordered CoPt, A1-CoPt to fcc Pt. The largest

α

x
y

A

of 2.52 A m–1 K–1 is obtained in L10-CoPt for Pt-rich composition of x = 70%, which is larger than that for an additionally fabricated nearly stoichiometric L10-Co48Pt52 reference uniform film. The contribution from direct conversion of a temperature gradient to a transverse charge current through

α

x
y

A

is dominant to the total anomalous Nernst coefficient compared to the AHE-related contribution. From a scaling analysis of the AHE, the intrinsic contribution is found to be dominant for x = 70%. A theoretical calculation for

α

x
y

A

of L10-Co50Pt50 agrees with the experimental

α

x
y

A

value for the nearly stoichiometric reference film by considering on-site Coulomb interaction for Co atoms. We also point out the possible electron doping effect by the addition of Pt in L10-CoPt, which could explain the larger

α

x
y

A

for the off-stoichiometric Pt-rich composition than that for the nearly stoichiometric one. Our experimental and theoretical results suggest the potential of L10-CoPt with a large

α

x
y

A

originating from the intrinsic mechanism for future thermoelectric applications.
Predicting the properties of perovskite materials by improved compositionally restricted attention-based networks and explainable machine learning
Authors: Hui Zhan , Wang Min , Wang Jiacheng , Chen Jialu , Yin Xiang , Yue Yunliang
Published: May 2024

Understanding the unique properties of perovskite materials is crucial in advancing solar energy technologies. Factors like heat of formation and bandgap significantly influence the light absorption capability and stability of perovskite solar cells. However, it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to obtain the properties of perovskites using traditional experimental or high-throughput computational methods. As a prospective method, machine learning can find regularities in the given training data and give accurate prediction results. In this article, we use deep learning models based on attention mechanisms and elemental features to predict the heat of formation and bandgap of perovskite materials. Random Forest and Gradient Boosted Regression Tree models have also been used for interpretable predictions of properties. The compositionally restricted attention-based network was improved by introducing a densely connected network and optimizing the network structure to increase data processing capabilities. The experiment results show that the mean absolute errors of the heat of formation and bandgap on the test sets are decreased by 5.77% and 3.37% respectively. The optimized model also shows better performance when used for classification tasks. In addition, we use the gradient boosting regression tree model and the shapley additive explanations tool to conduct an interpretable analysis, explaining the impact of different features on the predictions of the properties.
An adaptive Morlet wavelet-based iterative filtering method for locating informative frequency band
Authors: Shi Huifang , Miao Yonghao , Xia Yu , Hu Sen , Wang Xun , Gu Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

Locating the informative frequency band of rolling bearing fault signals is of great significance for feature extraction and fault diagnosis. Benefiting from the adjustable center frequency and bandwidth as well as the similarity to impulse-like characteristics induced by bearing failures, Morlet wavelets are commonly used in resonance demodulation. However, fault impulses are highly susceptible to contamination by strong noise, which impedes the efficacy of existing wavelet parameter selection strategies and frequency band optimization methods. In this paper, an adaptive Morlet wavelet-based iterative filtering (AMIF) method is proposed for frequency band optimization under strong noise. The resonance frequency band is pinpointed based on adaptive Morlet wavelet filter banks, with off-band noise being canceled and fault features being refined during the level-by-level filtering process. Additional iterative operations are leveraged to enhance fault features of in-band signals to facilitate the optimization of the filtering parameters. Effectiveness of the proposed AMIF method and its superiority over the wavelet packet transform-based kurtogram and minimum entropy deconvolution are verified through simulation and experimental analysis. The results demonstrate that AMIF can accurately localize the informative frequency band, thereby extracting high-quality fault features, making it suitable for bearing fault diagnosis under strong noise condition with different fault types.
Research on online anomaly detection methods for bearing degradation
Authors: Jin Shuowei , Xu Hongchao , Lu Zhenlin , Yan Aiyun , Zhao Yuhang , He Huan
Published: May 2024

In industrial applications, rolling bearings operate under conditions of high precision and high speed, and their physical and mechanical characteristics change with the increase in operating time. Traditional diagnostic methods struggle to adapt well to the changing characteristics of bearings for online anomaly detection. Therefore, this research proposes an online anomaly detection method for rolling bearings based on time-density-weighted incremental support vector data description (TISVDD). A classification strategy is proposed to prevent samples misclassification in the updating process. The Detection Boundary is established based on SVDD decision boundary to enhance the recognition of abnormal samples in the process of model updating. A dual-screening mechanism update strategy for support vectors is proposed. It involves establishing a preliminary screening mechanism based on the Elimination Boundary. On this basis, an in-depth screening mechanism based on time density weight is introduced by considering spatiotemporal characteristics of samples, enhancing the real-time performance of online anomaly detection for bearings. Building upon the fused dual-boundary SVDD, a TISVDD framework for online anomaly detection is proposed, enabling the detection model to dynamically update in response to data changes over time. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using the XJTU-SY bearing dataset and real-time datasets collected on an online hardware platform. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the method in practical applications.
Recognition of multi-component compounds based on occurrence time of secondary crest in the fluorescence lifetime attenuation curve
Authors: Min Jing , Ningchao Jiang , Bingqi Si , Zhaonan He , Hengtong Han
Published: May 2024

Fluorescence lifetime is the main characteristic parameter of fluorescence. It is a widely used to draw fluorescence lifetime attenuation curves and to fit fluorescence lifetime parameters by using gated detection methods to identify the species of substances. However, the fluorescence attenuation of each fluorophore in a multi-component compound interferes with one another, affecting the accuracy of identification. In this paper, we propose a method to accurately identify substances by using the occurrence time of the secondary crest of the fluorescence lifetime attenuation curve based on the principle of gated detection to measure the fluorescence lifetime. Furthermore, we design a fluorescence lifetime imaging measurement system and select the same areas of interest in the images for analysis and comparison. The average lifetime of the fluorescence and the occurrence time of the secondary crest are considered as the characteristic parameters. We use five commercially available motor engine oils as the experimental samples and compare the recognition performance of different kernel functions based on a support vector machine (SVM). The radial basis kernel function presents the best performance in terms of recognition accuracy and speed. The recognition rates of the SVM model with the average fluorescence lifetime and the occurrence time of the secondary crest in the attenuation curve of the fluorescence lifetime as a feature vector are 76.24% and 74.65%, respectively. The recognition rate of the SVM model which combines them as feature vectors reaches 91.88%. The experimental results demonstrate that the occurrence time of the secondary crest in the attenuation curve of the fluorescence lifetime can be employed as the basis for substance identification in the analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of multi-component compounds, whose recognition accuracy is similar to the average fluorescence lifetime parameter. Moreover, the occurrence time of the secondary crest of the fluorescence lifetime attenuation curve can be implemented to identify multi-component compounds when it is used as a characteristic parameter.
Fixed-time trajectory tracking control of a quadrotor UAV under time-varying wind disturbances: theory and experimental validation
Authors: Cai Xin , Zhu Xiaozhou , Yao Wen
Published: May 2024

This paper adopts a fixed-time method to study the trajectory tracking issue of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under time-varying wind disturbances. Firstly, in order to address the impact of time-varying wind disturbances on UAV, a fixed-time disturbance observer is constructed to accurately estimate wind disturbances. Secondly, to improve control accuracy and convergence rate, a robust fixed-time controller is designed for the position and attitude system by combining the sliding mode control theory with fixed-time techniques. Furthermore, it is rigorously analyzed that the tracking error of the observer and controller can converge to zero via Lyapunov criterion, and the convergence time is independent of the initial state. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the designed control strategy are verified by numerical simulations and actual flight experiments, providing an effective connection between control theory and practical applications.
Ion detection in a DNA nanopore FET device
Authors: Livernois William , Cao Purunc (Simon) , Saha Soumyadeep , Ding Quanchen , Gopinath Ashwin , Anantram M P
Published: May 2024

An ion detection device that combines a DNA-origami nanopore and a field-effect transistor (FET) was designed and modeled to determine sensitivity of the nanodevice to the local cellular environment. Such devices could be integrated into a live cell, creating an abiotic-biotic interface integrated with semiconductor electronics. A continuum model is used to describe the behavior of ions in an electrolyte solution. The drift-diffusion equations are employed to model the ion distribution, taking into account the electric fields and concentration gradients. This was matched to the results from electric double layer theory to verify applicability of the model to a bio-sensing environment. The FET device combined with the nanopore is shown to have high sensitivity to ion concentration and nanopore geometry, with the electrical double layer behavior governing the device characteristics. A logarithmic relationship was found between ion concentration and a single FET current, generating up to 200 nA of current difference with a small applied bias.
Role of electrostatic perturbation on kinetic resistive wall mode with application to spherical tokamak
Authors: Liu Yueqiang , Keeling D.L. , Kirk A. , Kogan L. , Berkery J.W. , Du X.D.
Published: May 2024

A more complete non-perturbative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-kinetic hybrid formulation is developed by including the perturbed electrostatic potential δφ in the particle Lagrangian. The fluid-like counter-parts of the hybrid equations, in the Chew-Goldberger-Low high-frequency limit, are also derived and utilized to test the new toroidal implementation in the MARS-K code. Application of the updated non-perturbative hybrid model for a high-β spherical tokamak plasma in MAST finds that the perturbed electrostatic potential generally plays a minor role in the n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) resistive wall mode instability. The effect of δφ is largely destabilizing, with the growth rate of the instability increased by several (up to 20) percent as compared to the case without including δφ. A similar relative change is also obtained for the kinetic-induced resonant field amplification effect at high-β in the MAST plasma considered. The updated capability of the MARS-K code allows quantitative exploration of drift kinetic effects on various MHD instabilities and the antenna-driven plasma response where the electrostatic perturbation, coupled to magnetic perturbations, may play important roles.
Future changes in spatially compounding hot, wet or dry events and their implications for the world’s breadbasket regions
Authors: Biess Bianca , Gudmundsson Lukas , Windisch Michael G , Seneviratne Sonia I
Published: May 2024

Recent years were characterized by an increase in spatially co-occurring hot, wet or dry extreme events around the globe. In this study we analyze data from multi-model climate projections to analyze the occurrence of spatially compounding events and area affected in future climates under scenarios at +1.5 ∘C, +2.0 ∘C, +3.0 ∘C and higher levels of global warming using Earth System Model simulations from the 6th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Since spatially compounding extreme events can strongly amplify societal impacts as economic supply chains are increasingly interdependent, we want to highlight that the world’s breadbasket regions are projected to be particularly affected by an increase in spatially co-occurring hot, wet or dry extreme events, posing risks to the global food security. We show that the spatial extent of top-producing agricultural regions being potentially threatened by climate extremes will increase drastically if global mean temperatures shift from +1.5 ∘C to +2.0 ∘C. Further we identify a large increase in the projected global land area concurrently affected by hot, wet or dry extremes with increased global warming posing risk to other industries and sectors in addition to the agricultural sector.
Globally-significant arsenic release by wildfires in a mining-impacted boreal landscape
Authors: Sutton O F , McCarter C P R , Waddington J M
Published: May 2024

Metal mining and smelting activities are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of arsenic pollution to the environment, with pervasive consequences to human and environmental health. Several decades of metal processing activities near Yellowknife, NT, Canada have resulted in widespread accumulation of arsenic in biomass, soils, and sediments, exceeding environmental and human health limits. The landscape surrounding Yellowknife is frequently disturbed by wildfire, most recently in 2023, when 2500 km2 burned. While wildfire-mediated release of stored arsenic around Yellowknife likely represents an incipient threat to human and ecosystem health, a quantification of the potential magnitude of arsenic remobilization from wildfires is absent. Here we combine publicly available soil and biomass arsenic concentrations and land cover datasets with the current best estimates of pyrogenic arsenic speciation and release in upland and wetland ecosystems to estimate the potential range of arsenic remobilization due to wildfires in the region surrounding Yellowknife from 1972 to 2023. Since 1972, wildfires have potentially led to the release of 141–562 Mg of arsenic, with 61–381 Mg emitted to the atmosphere and 39–109 Mg mobilized as water-soluble species. The large range in potential atmospheric emissions was due to the range in peat emission efficiency (5%–84%) that resulted in more arsenic being released from wetlands than the uplands. In 2023 alone, our estimated atmospheric release from just four wildfires was between 15%–59% of global annual arsenic wildfire emissions and likely represented between 2 and 9% of total global arsenic emissions from all natural sources. Given that climate change has and will continue to increase both annual area burned and soil burn severity, we emphasize that future increased wildfire activity closer to Yellowknife will place legacy soil arsenic stores at risk of an even larger catastrophic and unprecedented release, especially as wetlands become drier.
On-axis complex-amplitude modulation for the generation of super-stable vector modes
Authors: Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Arvizu Fernanda , Daza-Salgado Dayver , Perez-Garcia Benjamin , Rosales-Guzmán Carmelo
Published: May 2024

We propose a technique to generate complex vector beams with high quality and stability. Our approach relies on the combination of complex amplitude modulation (CAM) and on-axis modulation, two techniques that seem incompatible at first glance. The first one produces scalar structured light fields in phase and amplitude with high accuracy, while the second one is preferred for generating vector beams of great stability although of reduced quality. Specifically, the idea behind our technique is to send the shaped light produced by CAM co-axially with the zeroth order, rather than diffracted to the first order, as it is commonly done. We first describe our technique, explaining the generation of the hologram and experimental setup to isolate the desired vector mode, and then present experimental results that corroborate our approach. We first address the quality of the generated beams using Stokes polarimetry to reconstruct their transverse polarisation distribution, and then compare their stability against the same mode produced using a Sagnac interferometric method. Our vector beams are of good quality and remarkably stable, two qualities that we expect will appeal to the community working with vector modes.
On the valence of logharmonic polynomials
Authors: Khavinson Dmitry , Lundberg Erik , Perry Sean
Published: May 2024

Investigating a problem posed by W. Hengartner (2000), we study the maximal valence (number of preimages of a prescribed point in the complex plane) of logharmonic polynomials, i.e., complex functions that take the form

f
(
z
)
=
p
(
z
)

q
(
z
)

¯

f(z) = p(z) \overline {q(z)}

of a product of an analytic polynomial

p
(
z
)

p(z)

of degree

n
n

and the complex conjugate of another analytic polynomial

q
(
z
)

q(z)

of degree

m
m

. In the case

m
=
1

m=1

, we adapt an indirect technique utilizing anti-holomorphic dynamics to show that the valence is at most

3
n
−
1

3n-1

. This confirms a conjecture of Bshouty and Hengartner (2000). Using a purely algebraic method based on Sylvester resultants, we also prove a general upper bound for the valence showing that for each

n
,
m
≥
1

n,m \geq 1

the valence is at most

n
2

+

m
2

n^2+m^2

. This improves, for every choice of

n
,
m
≥
1

n,m \geq 1

, the previously established upper bound

(
n
+
m

)
2

(n+m)^2

based on Bezout’s theorem. We also consider the more general setting of polyanalytic polynomials where we show that this latter result can be extended under a nondegeneracy assumption.
Weighted estimates of the Bergman projection with matrix weights
Authors: Huo Zhenghui , Wick Brett
Published: May 2024

We establish a weighted inequality for the Bergman projection with matrix weights for a class of pseudoconvex domains. We extend a result of Aleman and Constantin and obtain the following estimate for the weighted norm of

P
P

:
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper P double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L squared left-parenthesis normal upper Omega comma upper W right-parenthesis Baseline less-than-or-equal-to upper C left-parenthesis script upper B 2 left-parenthesis upper W right-parenthesis right-parenthesis squared period">

‖
P

‖

L
2

(
Ω
,
W
)

≤
C
(

B

2

(
W
)

)

2

.

\|P\|_{L^2(\Omega ,W)}\leq C(\mathcal B_2(W))^{{2}}.

\]
Here

B

2

(
W
)

\mathcal B_2(W)

is the Bekollé–Bonami constant for the matrix weight

W
W

and

C
C

is a constant that is independent of the weight

W
W

but depends upon the dimension and the domain.
Challenges for 21st century group theory
Authors: Mann Avinoam
Published: May 2024

We suggest some directions for future research in group theory.
Detecting nontrivial products in the stable homotopy ring of spheres via the third Morava stabilizer algebra
Authors: Wang Xiangjun , Wu Jianqiu , Zhang Yu , Zhong Linan
Published: May 2024

Let

p
≥
7

p \geq 7

be a prime number. Let

S
(
3
)

S(3)

denote the third Morava stabilizer algebra. In recent years, Kato-Shimomura and Gu-Wang-Wu found several families of nontrivial products in the stable homotopy ring of spheres

π
∗

(
S
)

\pi _* (S)

using

H

∗
,
∗

(
S
(
3
)
)

H^{*,*} (S(3))

. In this paper, we determine all nontrivial products in

π
∗

(
S
)

\pi _* (S)

of the Greek letter family elements

α
s

,

β
s

,

γ
s

\alpha _s, \beta _s, \gamma _s

and Cohen’s elements

ζ
n

\zeta _n

which are detectable by

H

∗
,
∗

(
S
(
3
)
)

H^{*,*} (S(3))

. In particular, we show

β
1

γ
s

ζ
n

≠
0
∈

π
∗

(
S
)

\beta _1 \gamma _s \zeta _n \neq 0 \in \pi _*(S)

, if

n
≡
2

n \equiv 2

mod 3,

s
≢
0
,
±
1

s \not \equiv 0, \pm 1

mod

p
p

.
On word complexity and topological entropy of random substitution subshifts
Authors: Mitchell Andrew
Published: May 2024

We consider word complexity and topological entropy for random substitution subshifts. In contrast to previous work, we do not assume that the underlying random substitution is compatible. We show that the subshift of a primitive random substitution has zero topological entropy if and only if it can be obtained as the subshift of a deterministic substitution, answering in the affirmative an open question of Rust and Spindeler [Indag. Math. (N.S.) 29 (2018), pp. 1131–1155]. For constant length primitive random substitutions, we develop a systematic approach to calculating the topological entropy of the associated subshift. Further, we prove lower and upper bounds that hold even without primitivity. For subshifts of non-primitive random substitutions, we show that the complexity function can exhibit features not possible in the deterministic or primitive random setting, such as intermediate growth, and provide a partial classification of the permissible complexity functions for subshifts of constant length random substitutions.
Lie semisimple algebras of derivations and varieties of PI-algebras with almost polynomial growth
Authors: Argenti Sebastiano
Published: May 2024

We consider associative algebras with an action by derivations by some finite dimensional and semisimple Lie algebra. We prove that if a differential variety has almost polynomial growth, then it is generated by one of the algebras

U

T
2

(

W
λ

)

UT_2(W_\lambda )

or

E
n
d
(

W
μ

)

End(W_\mu )

for some integral dominant weight

λ
,
μ

\lambda ,\mu

with

μ
≠
0

\mu \neq 0

. In the special case

L
=

s
l

2

L=\mathfrak {sl}_2

we prove that this is a sufficient condition too.
Factorization of functions in the Schur-Agler class related to test functions
Authors: Bhowmik Mainak , Kumar Poornendu
Published: May 2024

We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for operator-valued functions on arbitrary sets associated with a collection of test functions to have factorizations in several situations.
Invariant connections on non-irreducible symmetric spaces with simple Lie group
Authors: Dani Othmane , Abouqateb Abdelhak , Benayadi Saïd
Published: May 2024

Consider a symmetric space

G

/

H

G/H

with simple Lie group

G
G

. We demonstrate that when

G

/

H

G/H

is not irreducible, it is necessarily even dimensional and noncompact. Furthermore, the subgroup

H
H

is also both noncompact and non-semisimple. Additionally, we establish that the only

G
G

-invariant connection on

G

/

H

G/H

is the canonical connection. On the other hand, we show that if

G

/

H

G/H

has an odd dimension, it must be irreducible, and the subgroup

H
H

must be semisimple. Finally, we present an explicit example, and we show that there exists no other torsion-free

G
G

-invariant connection on a symmetric space

G

/

H

G/H

with semisimple Lie group

G
G

which has the same curvature as the canonical one.
On almost polynomial growth of proper central polynomials
Authors: Giambruno Antonio , La Mattina Daniela , Milies Cesar
Published: May 2024

To any associative algebra

A
A

is associated a numerical sequence

c
n

δ

(
A
)

c_n^{\delta }(A)

,

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, called the sequence of proper central codimensions of

A
A

. It gives information on the growth of the proper central polynomials of the algebra. If

A
A

is a PI-algebra over a field of characteristic zero it has been recently shown that such a sequence either grows exponentially or is polynomially bounded.

Here we classify, up to PI-equivalence, the algebras

A
A

for which the sequence

c
n

δ

(
A
)

c_n^{\delta }(A)

,

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, has almost polynomial growth. Then we face a similar problem in the setting of group-graded algebras and we obtain a classification also in this case when the corresponding sequence of proper central codimensions has almost polynomial growth.
History and the Study of Religion
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: May 2024

The book’s program seeks to theorize religion as a robust cross-cultural and transhistorical social entity. It argues that historians should engage with relevant sciences and uses cognitive psychology and social ontology from recent philosophical developments to implement its program. The discussions employ historical examples from several areas but especially from Roman religion, ethnographies, and above all ancient Christianity. A critical look at scholarship on these shows that “history from above” has hidden the most basic and widespread religiosity and this oversight has skewed attempts at explaining religion.
Realism and Antirealism about Religion
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: May 2024

The recent study of religion has been dominated by claims that religion is not a valid cross-cultural category and that the notion consists of modern Western language and ideas thrown together without coherence. “Religion” does not exist in the world beyond language. The chapter shows how these claims have emerged from philosophical traditions of antirealism, especially skeptical empiricism and Neo-Kantianism feeding into poststructuralism. These traditions, however, have been soundly refuted in the realist philosophy that became dominant in the second half of the last century. This philosophy provides resources for treating religion as a robust social entity, a social kind.
Toward Theorizing Religion as a Social Kind
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: May 2024

How then can one theorize religion as a social kind? The relative stability of religion seen in historical examples requires cognitive conditions in a particular environment. Reigning theories of cognition have established the importance of human tendencies to easily imagine the existence of gods and other nonevident beings. I argue that these tendencies get strongly and regularly elicited in the premodern agricultural environments that dominated world populations until recently. The chapter discusses in detail relevant theories of the mind, of intuitive thinking and reasoning that play parts in this regular cognition of nonevident beings and how this gets enriched in cultures. An intuitive sense of fairness and the sense that the domestic plant and animal offspring come from these beings means that imagined exchange and reciprocal exchange lies at the heart of the kind, religion. Work especially on the ancient Mediterranean suggests that the kind can and often does divide into four subkinds: the religion of everyday social exchange, civic religion, the religion of literate experts, and the religion of experts with political power.
Social Theory
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: May 2024

In order to see the epistemic and ontological potential of religion as a social kind, the researcher needs social theory that can bear the complexity implied in kinds theory. The chapter engages the work of pioneering cognitive scientists of religion and anthropologists who have oddly taken up the antirealist themes about the unreality of religion. The chapter uncovers the relevance of a key point. Religion is a social kind in history, sociology, and anthropology but not in cognitive science. Nor is it a natural kind in the latter. There is no mental module for religion. Thus, cognitive scientists must develop an appropriate social theory in addition to their cognitive work to adequately treat religion. The chapter goes on to show that this issue of a social theory that is too thin has contributed to the problems in treating religion realistically. Scholars have looked for one magic glue that would hold society together. One central notion that has been used as a magic glue is that of ritual as repetitive action and as source of social cohesion.
Concluding Arguments
Authors: Stowers Stanley
Published: May 2024

This chapter shows that kinds theory about religion greatly aids the analysis of social ontological questions such as of what did the religious social formations consist and how were they put together? The chapter considers three test cases. What is the social constitution of almsgiving, and of the external point-of-view shared by ancient philosophy and Christianity, and how does the Christian formation look when one compares ontological slices of time? The conclusion follows that the ontological analysis of the religious kinds shows once again how productive the theory is for the study of religion and for aiding a historical understanding of ancient Christianity within Mediterranean religion. The chapter thus concludes the long argument about the efficacy of the theory growing out of recent realism in philosophy that treats religion as a social kind, especially as an aid to explaining ancient Mediterranean religion.
New horizons in undergraduate geriatric medicine education
Authors: Teodorczuk Andrew , Abdool Petal S , Yap Chloe X , Fisher James M
Published: May 2024

Current projections show that between 2000 and 2050, increasing proportions of older individuals will be cared for by a smaller number of healthcare workers, which will exacerbate the existing challenges faced by those who support this patient demographic. This review of a collection of Age and Ageing papers on the topic in the past 10 years explores (1) what best practice geriatrics education is and (2) how careers in geriatrics could be made more appealing to improve recruitment and retention. Based on these deeper understandings, we consider, as clinician educators, how to close the gap both pragmatically and theoretically. We point out paradigm shifting solutions that include innovations at the Undergraduate level, use of simulation, incorporation of learner and patient perspectives, upskilling professionals outside of Geriatrics and integration of practice across disciplines through Interprofessional Learning. We also identify an education research methodological gap. Specifically, there is an abundance of simple descriptive or justification studies but few clarification education studies; the latter are essential to develop fresh insights into how Undergraduate students can learn more effectively to meet the needs of the global ageing challenge. A case of improving understanding in delirium education is presented as an illustrative example of a new approach to exploring at greater depth education and outlines suggested directions for the future.
Diurnal predators in dim light: the ability of mantids to prey for supper
Authors: Kuang Yuan , Wang Leyun
Published: May 2024

Many insects rely heavily on visual cues in foraging and other life activities. Mantids are insect predators that usually ambush prey. The sophisticated visual system of mantids allows them to spot, track, and strike at prey with high accuracy. Mantids are categorized as diurnal animals in most cases, while our field observations suggested that they were active in foraging both day and night. Therefore, we hypothesize that predation in dim light is possible for mantids, while mantids are unable to capture prey in complete darkness. In this study, we experimentally examined whether different light conditions could affect the predation success and efficiency of mantid nymphs and adults, Hierodula chinensis Werner (Mantodea: Mantidae), through behavioral observations. Individual mantids were placed in individual chambers in complete darkness, simulated moonlight (0.1 lux), or simulated dusk (50 lux) conditions and were allowed to forage for prey items for 10 min. Our observations showed no evidence that H. chinensis could capture any prey in complete deprivation of light. The proportion of nymphs with successful predation in simulated moonlight was 50% higher than that in complete darkness and 45.83% lower than that in simulated dusk. The proportion of adults with successful predation in simulated moonlight was 42.11% higher than that in complete darkness and 57.89% lower than that in simulated dusk. Overall, the results provide new insights into the behavioral ecology of diurnal predators at night, with potential association with moonlight, starlight, and light pollution.