bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workshop Report: Information Visualization–Human-Centered Issues in Visual Representation, Interaction, and Evaluation
Authors: Kerren Andreas , Stasko John T. , Fekete Jean-Daniel , North Chris
Published: October 2007

From 28 May to 1 June 2007, a seminar on ‘Information Visualization–Human-Centered Issues in Visual Representation, Interaction, and Evaluation’ took place at the International Conference and Research Center for Computer Science, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany. One important aim of this seminar was to bring together researchers and practitioners from Information Visualization and related fields, as well as from application areas, for lively discussion and interaction. The seminar allowed critical reflection on actual research efforts, the state of field, evaluation challenges, and other important topics. This report summarizes the event.
Accurate extrapolation of electron correlation energies from small basis sets
Authors: Bakowies Dirk
Published: October 2007

A new two-point scheme is proposed for the extrapolation of electron correlation energies obtained with small basis sets. Using the series of correlation-consistent polarized valence basis sets, cc-pVXZ, the basis set truncation error is expressed as δEX∝(X+ξi)−γ. The angular momentum offset ξi captures differences in effective rates of convergence previously observed for first-row molecules. It is based on simple electron counts and tends to values close to 0 for hydrogen-rich compounds and values closer to 1 for pure first-row compounds containing several electronegative atoms. The formula is motivated theoretically by the structure of correlation-consistent basis sets which include basis functions up to angular momentum L=X−1 for hydrogen and helium and up to L=X for first-row atoms. It contains three parameters which are calibrated against a large set of 105 reference molecules (H, C, N, O, F) for extrapolations of MP2 and CCSD valence-shell correlation energies from double- and triple-zeta (DT) and triple- and quadruple-zeta (TQ) basis sets. The new model is shown to be three to five times more accurate than previous two-point schemes using a single parameter, and (TQ) extrapolations are found to reproduce a small set of available R12 reference data better than even (56) extrapolations using the conventional asymptotic limit formula δEX∝X−3. Applications to a small selection of boron compounds and to neon show very satisfactory results as well. Limitations of the model are discussed.
Effect of a contraction on selective withdrawal of a linearly stratified fluid from a line sink
Authors: Jamali Mirmosadegh , Aghsaee Payam
Published: October 2007

This study is concerned with a theoretical and laboratory investigation of selective withdrawal of a linearly stratified fluid through a line sink at the base of a reservoir with a side contraction. The width-averaged equations of motion are solved numerically. The evolution of selective withdrawal and the flow properties at the steady state are studied. Using the numerical results, an equation is proposed for the withdrawal layer thickness, the critical Froude number, and the density thickness. For comparison, experiments were conducted in a flume and particle image velocimetry technique was used to capture the flow field upstream of a contraction during evolution of selective withdrawal. In general, a good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results. It is found that the presence of a contraction causes the withdrawal layer to be thicker than in a uniform reservoir, but thinner than that in a reservoir with a sill of comparable protruding dimension.
On the complexity of periodic and nonperiodic behaviors of a hysteresis-based electronic oscillator
Authors: Stellardo Daniele , Bizzarri Federico , Storace Marco , De Feo Oscar
Published: October 2007

We investigate the families of periodic and nonperiodic behaviors admitted by a hysteresis-based circuit oscillator. The analysis is carried out by combining brute-force simulations with continuation methods. As a result of the analysis, it is shown that the existence of many different periodic solutions and of the chaotic behaviors associated with them is organized by few codimension-2 bifurcation points. This implies the possibility of switching between different periodic solutions by controlling only two bifurcation parameters, which makes the oscillator a possible generator of nontrivial periodic solutions suitable, for instance for actual radiofrequency identification systems applications.
Lithium jet neutralizer to improve negative hydrogen neutral beam systems
Authors: Grisham L. R.
Published: October 2007

Hydrogen isotope neutral beam systems for heating and current drive in magnetic fusion energy devices have always used gas cells of the beam isotope to convert a portion of the energetic ions into neutral atoms. In the design of negative-ion based neutral beams for the ITER tokamak [R. Aymar V. A. Chuyanov, M. Huguet et al., Nuclear Fusion 41, 1301 (2001)], or for future fusion reactors, the large gas load from a traditional neutralizer cell causes many problems, including increased heat loads on the accelerator and ion source, reduced beam efficiency due to premature neutralization in the accelerator and reionization after the neutralizer, and the need to stop the beam for regeneration of the cryopanels, reducing the attractiveness of beams for reactors. We explore several approaches to decrease the neutralizer gas throughput, and conclude that a supersonic lithium vapor jet neutralizer is the most appropriate, and also affords a higher neutralization efficiency than does a hydrogen isotope gas cell.
Interference in Bohmian mechanics with complex action
Authors: Goldfarb Yair , Tannor David J.
Published: October 2007

In recent years, intensive effort has gone into developing numerical tools for exact quantum mechanical calculations that are based on Bohmian mechanics. As part of this effort we have recently developed as alternative formulation of Bohmian mechanics in which the quantum action S is taken to be complex [Y. Goldfarb et al., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 231103 (2006)]. In the alternative formulation there is a significant reduction in the magnitude of the quantum force as compared with the conventional Bohmian formulation, at the price of propagating complex trajectories. In this paper we show that Bohmian mechanics with complex action is able to overcome the main computational limitation of conventional Bohmian methods—the propagation of wave functions once nodes set in. In the vicinity of nodes, the quantum force in conventional Bohmian formulations exhibits rapid oscillations that present a severe numerical challenge. We show that within complex Bohmian mechanics, multiple complex initial conditions can lead to the same real final position, allowing for the accurate description of nodes as a sum of the contribution from two or more crossing trajectories. The idea is illustrated on the reflection amplitude from a one-dimensional Eckart barrier. We believe that trajectory crossing, although in contradiction to the conventional Bohmian trajectory interpretation, provides an important new tool for dealing with the nodal problem in Bohmian methods.
Nonlinear absorption of surface plasmons and emission of electrons from metallic targets
Authors: Singh D. B. , Kumar Gagan , Tripathi V. K.
Published: October 2007

A large-amplitude surface plasma wave (SPW) over a metal-vacuum interface Ohmically heats the electrons and undergoes nonlinear absorption. The attenuation rate increases with the local SPW amplitude. The enhanced electron temperature leads to stronger thermionic emission of electrons. At typical Nd:glass laser intensity IL=7GW∕cm2, if one takes the amplitude of the SPW to be ≈6 times the amplitude of the laser, one obtains the thermionic electron emission current density J=200A∕cm2. However, the emission current density decreases with propagation distance at a much faster rate than the SPW amplitude and electron temperature.
Manifestation of anisotropy in melting systematics of RBa2Cu3O7−δ (R=lanthanides)
Authors: Su H. B. , Welch D. O. , Wong-Ng W. , Cook L. P. , Yang Z.
Published: October 2007

The conventional isotropic Debye temperature fails to account for the trend of melting temperatures for the high Tc superconductors, RBa2Cu3O7−δ (R-123), as a function of the ionic radius of R3+. We overcame this problem by calculating Debye temperatures using mean sound velocity along the c axis that features an anisotropic layered structure. Using the “improved” Debye temperature, the trend of derived melting temperatures based on the “Lindemann law” matches well with experimental data. This trend is also confirmed by comparing theoretical and experimental Raman active modes corresponding to the Cu–O (plane copper and apical oxygen) and Ba–O (in-plane) bonds in R-123 series.
Multiplane-induced widening of stacking faults in fcc metals
Authors: Shehadeh Mutasem A. , Lu G. , Chen Z. , Kioussis N. , Ghoniem N. M.
Published: October 2007

Using an ab initio-based parametric dislocation dynamics approach we show that Shockley partials on successive glide planes greatly assist the widening of stacking faults (SFs) in Al and Ag. This effect is amplified when all trailing partials are pinned. Subsequent placement of Shockley partials on adjacent planes enhances further the widening of the SF width. In sharp contrast, dislocations with zero net Burgers vector across three successive planes form very compact cores in both Al and Ag, in agreement with recent experiments.
Analysis of optically pumped compact laterally coupled distributed feedback lasers with three symmetric defect regions
Authors: Hattori Haroldo T. , Tan Hark H. , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: October 2007

This article analyzes compact laterally coupled distributed feedback (DFB) lasers with three defect regions. These devices are more flexible and smaller than conventional DFB lasers, having typical lengths between 20 and 50μm and a width less than 1μm (lateral gratings are inserted in a single-mode waveguide). We optimize the defect regions to achieve an improved performance. In other words, an adequate choice of phase shifts may lead to single-mode operation, lower threshold optical power, higher quantum differential efficiency, and more uniform field distribution. This device is designed to operate under optical pumping.
Including effects of microstructure and anisotropy in theoretical models describing hysteresis of ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Hauser H. , Melikhov Y. , Jiles D. C.
Published: October 2007

Two recent theoretical hysteresis models (Jiles-Atherton model and energetic model) are examined with respect to their capability to describe the dependence of the magnetization on magnetic field, microstructure, and anisotropy. It is shown that the classical Rayleigh law for the behavior of magnetization at low fields and the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory of domain magnetization rotation in noninteracting magnetic single domain particles can be considered as limiting cases of a more general theoretical treatment of hysteresis in ferromagnetism.
Two-dimensional ordering of (In,Ga)As quantum dots in vertical multilayers grown on GaAs(100) and (n11)
Authors: Lytvyn P. M. , Strelchuk V. V. , Kolomys O. F. , Prokopenko I. V. , Valakh M. Ya. , Mazur Yu. I. , Wang Zh. M. , Salamo G. J. , Hanke M.
Published: October 2007

We have investigated lateral self-assembling in In0.4Ga0.6As∕GaAs quantum dot (QD) multilayers, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(100) and (n11)B substrates with n=9,8,7,5,4,3. The lateral self-assembling and the QD size distribution have been studied by atomic force microscopy depending on substrate orientation and the number of periods within the multilayers. The observed two-dimensional ordering can be described by a centered rectangular surface unit cell. Derived autocorrelation functions exhibit the most pronounced lateral QD assembling along the elastically soft directions [1¯n0]. This can be attributed to elastic interaction, the particular elastic anisotropy of the high index substrates, and the minimization of the strain energy.
Hollow spiral phase plate for self-referenced spiral interferometry
Authors: Yuan X.-C. , Zhang N. , Tao S. H. , Bu J. , Lin J.
Published: October 2007

The authors present experimental results of self-referenced spiral interference realized by a hollow spiral phase plate fabricated by electron beam lithography. Comparing with conventional interference systems, the proposed phase element provides a simple and robust approach to obtaining spiral interference fringes in a self-referenced interferometric way. Experimental implementation confirms that the element can be employed as an external tool kit for simple modification of existing optical microscopes to interferometers.
Changes in viral protein function that accompany retroviral endogenization
Authors: Oliveira Nidia M. , Satija Harshita , Kouwenhoven I. Arlette , Eiden Maribeth V.
Published: October 2007

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections of germ cells and have been maintained in whole or part as heritable genomic elements. The last known endogenization events occurred several million years ago, and therefore stepwise analysis of retroviral endogenization has not been possible. A unique opportunity to study this process became available when a full-length ERV isolated from koalas (KoRV) was shown to have integrated into their germ line within the past 100 years. Even though KoRV shares 78% nucleotide identity with the exogenous and highly infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), the infectivity of KoRV, like that of other ERVs, is substantially lower than that of GALV. Differences in the protein coding regions of KoRV that distinguish it from GALV were introduced into the GALV genome, and their functional consequences were assessed. We identified a KoRV gagpol L domain mutation as well as five residues present in the KoRV envelope (env) that, when substituted for the corresponding residues of GALV, resulted in vectors exhibiting substantially reduced titers similar to those observed with KoRV vectors. In addition, KoRV env protein lacks an intact CETTG motif that we have identified as invariant among highly infectious gammaretroviruses. Disruption of this motif in GALV results in vectors with reduced syncytia forming capabilities. Functional assessment of specific sequences that contribute to KoRV's attenuation from a highly infectious GALV-like progenitor virus has allowed the identification of specific modifications in the KoRV genome that correlate with its endogenization.
The crystal structure of the complex of P
II
and acetylglutamate kinase reveals how P
II
controls the storage of nitrogen as arginine
Authors: Llácer José L. , Contreras Asunción , Forchhammer Karl , Marco-Marín Clara , Gil-Ortiz Fernando , Maldonado Rafael , Fita Ignacio , Rubio Vicente
Published: October 2007

Photosynthetic organisms can store nitrogen by synthesizing arginine, and, therefore, feedback inhibition of arginine synthesis must be relieved in these organisms when nitrogen is abundant. This relief is accomplished by the binding of the P
II
signal transduction protein to acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK), the controlling enzyme of arginine synthesis. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the complex between NAGK and P
II
of
Synechococcus elongatus
, at 2.75-Å resolution. We prove the physiological relevance of the observed interactions by site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies. The complex consists of two polar P
II
trimers sandwiching one ring-like hexameric NAGK (a trimer of dimers) with the threefold axes of these molecules aligned. The binding of P
II
favors a narrow ring conformation of the NAGK hexamer that is associated with arginine sites having low affinity for this inhibitor. Each P
II
subunit contacts one NAGK subunit only. The contacts map in the inner circumference of the NAGK ring and involve two surfaces of the P
II
subunit. One surface is on the P
II
body and interacts with the C-domain of the NAGK subunit, helping widen the arginine site found on the other side of this domain. The other surface is at the distal region of a protruding large loop (T-loop) that presents a novel compact shape. This loop is inserted in the interdomain crevice of the NAGK subunit, contacting mainly the N-domain, and playing key roles in anchoring P
II
on NAGK, in activating NAGK, and in complex formation regulation by MgATP, ADP, 2-oxoglutarate, and by phosphorylation of serine-49.
HIV turns plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) into TRAIL-expressing killer pDC and down-regulates HIV coreceptors by Toll-like receptor 7-induced IFN-α
Authors: Hardy Andrew W. , Graham David R. , Shearer Gene M. , Herbeuval Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2007

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are key players in viral immunity and produce IFN-α after HIV-1 exposure, which in turn regulates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression by CD4
+
T cells. We show here that infectious and noninfectious HIV-1 virions induce activation of pDC into TRAIL-expressing IFN-producing killer pDC (IKpDC). IKpDC expressed high levels of activation markers (HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86) and the migration marker CCR7. Surprisingly, CXCR4 and CCR5 were down-regulated on IKpDC. We also show that HIV-1-induced IKpDC depended on Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activation. HIV-1 or TLR7 agonistexposed IKpDC induced apoptosis of the CD4
+
T cell line SupT1 via the TRAIL pathway. Furthermore, IFN-α produced after HIV-induced TLR7 stimulation was responsible for TRAIL expression and the down-regulation of both CXCR4 and CCR5 by IKpDC. In contrast, activation and migration markers were not regulated by IFN-α. Finally, IFN-α increased the survival of IKpDC. We characterized a subset of pDC with a killer activity that is activated by endosomal-associated viral RNA and not by infection.
The second Ca
2+
-binding domain of the Na
+
–Ca
2+
exchanger is essential for regulation: Crystal structures and mutational analysis
Authors: Besserer Gabriel Mercado , Ottolia Michela , Nicoll Debora A. , Chaptal Vincent , Cascio Duilio , Philipson Kenneth D. , Abramson Jeff
Published: October 2007

The Na
+
–Ca
2+
exchanger plays a central role in cardiac contractility by maintaining Ca
2+
homeostasis. Two Ca
2+
-binding domains, CBD1 and CBD2, located in a large intracellular loop, regulate activity of the exchanger. Ca
2+
binding to these regulatory domains activates the transport of Ca
2+
across the plasma membrane. Previously, we solved the structure of CBD1, revealing four Ca
2+
ions arranged in a tight planar cluster. Here, we present structures of CBD2 in the Ca
2+
-bound (1.7-Å resolution) and -free (1.4-Å resolution) conformations. Like CBD1, CBD2 has a classical Ig fold but coordinates only two Ca
2+
ions in primary and secondary Ca
2+
sites. In the absence of Ca
2+
, Lys
585
stabilizes the structure by coordinating two acidic residues (Asp
552
and Glu
648
), one from each of the Ca
2+
-binding sites, and prevents a substantial protein unfolding. We have mutated all of the acidic residues that coordinate the Ca
2+
ions and have examined the effects of these mutations on regulation of exchange activity. Three mutations (E516L, D578V, and E648L) at the primary Ca
2+
site completely remove Ca
2+
regulation, placing the exchanger into a constitutively active state. These are the first data defining the role of CBD2 as a regulatory domain in the Na
+
–Ca
2+
exchanger.
Book Review
Authors: Jonsson Kjell
Published: October 2007

Pocket Atlas of Sectional Anatomy. Volume III: Spine, Extremities, Joints. 3rd edition. Edited by T. B. Moeller & E. Reif. Stuttgart, New York: Georg Thieme Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-13-143171-4. 334 pages, 485 illustrations. Price paperback: EUR 34.95
A new computed tomography-based radiographic method to detect early loosening of total wrist implants
Authors: Olivecrona H. , Noz M. E. , Maguire G. Q. , Zeleznik M. P. , Sollerman C. , Olivecrona L.
Published: October 2007

Background: Diagnosis of loosening of total wrist implants is usually late using routine radiographs. Switching modality to computed tomography (CT) should aid in early diagnosis.

Purpose: To propose and evaluate the accuracy of a new CT method for assessing loosening of the carpal component in total wrist arthroplasty.

Material and Methods: A protocol encompassing volume registration of paired CT scans of patients with unexplained pain in a prosthetically replaced wrist (used in clinical routine) is presented. Scans are acquired as a dynamic examination under torsional load. Using volume registration, the carpal component of the prosthesis is brought into spatial alignment. After registration, prosthetic loosening is diagnosed by a shift in position of the bones relative to the prosthesis. This study is a preclinical validation of this method using a human cadaverous arm with a cemented total wrist implant and tantalum markers. Seven CT scans of the arm were acquired. The scans were combined into 21 pairs of CT volumes. The carpal component was registered in each scan pair, and the residual mismatch of the surrounding tantalum markers and bone was analyzed both visually and numerically.

Results: The detection limit for prosthetic movement was less than 1 mm.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that CT volume registration holds promise to improve detection of movement of the carpal component at an earlier stage than is obtainable with plain radiography.
Bone cement used as an embolic agent for active bleeding in vertebroplasty of metastatic lesions
Authors: Baba Y. , Hayashi S. , Ueno K. , Nakajo M.
Published: October 2007

We treated two cases of bleeding by injecting bone cement into tumor-feeding vessels of metastatic hypervascular tumors during a percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) procedure. When the inner needle was pulled out after puncture of the metastatic vertebral tumor, active arterial bleeding from the outer needle cannula was noticed. Bleeding was not stopped by injection of Gelfoam particles through the cannula. Thus, bone cement was injected, which filled the tumor-feeding vessels, and bleeding stopped. Skin rash and high fever occurred 2–3 hours after the PV procedure, probably due to allergic reaction and massive tumor necrosis. To decrease the risk of active bleeding during PV for hypervascular bone metastases, arterial embolization of the feeding arteries should be performed 1 or 2 days prior to PV. If active bleeding occurs through the outer needle when performing PV, injection of bone cement after confirmation of bleeding from the tumor feeding vessels by vertebrography is effective.
Fever pitch
Authors: Gittings John
Published: October 2007

Will the Internet bring democracy to the Chinese people as Bill Clinton has eagerly argued; or will Beijing manage to keep tight controls on it; or will it make any difference either way?
Top dogging it
Authors: Tripathi Salil
Published: October 2007

The Internet revolution is changing India's relationship to the business world: its IT companies are home-grown and earning big bucks — and its real money
Forging peace
Authors: Thompson Mark
Published: October 2007

Balkan media, particularly the Serbian press, were actively engaged in forging war in the region. Now they have to learn a new role
Clerics in uniform
Authors: Smith Helena
Published: October 2007

The struggle between traditionalists and modernisers has found a focus in the unfinished row about what should be written on Greek citizens' ID cards
Notes from a censored man
Authors: Lucie-Smith Edward
Published: October 2007

I never think of myself as someone who is going to be - or who is likely to be - censored. Recent experiences have tended to prove me wrong. The sting in these experiences has not been the act of censorship itself, but the identity of the censors. Essentially, they are people who ought to have been on my side of the fence
Two worlds and Big Brother
Authors: Riabchuk Mykola , Maryniak Irena , Powszechny Tygodnik
Published: October 2007

Historical differences and the threat of Moscow are used by politicians to manipulate the population and retain their power
Control by Other Means
Authors: Zasursk Ivan , Arch Tait
Published: October 2007

THE LAST OF THE MEDIA BARONS HAS FALLEN TO PRESIDENT PUTIN'S NEED TO CONTROL HIS IMAGE
None So Blind
Authors: Bennett Ronan
Published: October 2007

WHEN IT COMES TO ASKING WHY THE IRISH PEACE PROGRESS HAS MADE SUCH SLOW PROGRESS SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN 1994, THE MEDIA HAS A LOT TO ANSWER FOR
Why So Few?
Authors: Foley Michael
Published: October 2007

THE MURDER OF IRISH JOURNALIST MARTIN O'HAGAN RAISES IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Every Stone is Beautiful
Authors: Sammonds Neil , Khalili Laleh
Published: October 2007

TWENTY YEARS AGO, THE MASSACRE OF PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN THE SABRA AND CHATILA CAMPS IN BEIRUT SHOCKED THE WORLD. TODAY, OVER 3 MILLION PALESTINIAN REFUGEES, 350,000 OF THEM IN LEBANON, DREAM OF RETURN, A RIGHT THAT, UNLIKE OTHER REFUGEE GROUPS AND DESPITE UN RESOLUTIONS, IS NOT UP FOR DISCUSSION SO FAR AS ISRAEL IS CONCERNED
More by Taste than Judgement
Authors: Lucie-Smith Edward
Published: October 2007

MORE THAN ANY OTHER FORM OF CREATIVE EXPRESSION, THE CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTS HAVE A SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH SCANDAL AND, THEREFORE, INEVITABLY, WITH ATTEMPTS AT SUPPRESSION
Forces of Life and Death
Authors: Kenny Mary
Published: October 2007

THE TANGLED WEB THAT LINKS THE RIGHT TO LIFE, TO DIE AND TO KILL
Holding On To a Dream
Authors: Moorehead Caroline
Published: October 2007

SOME 5 MILLION PALESTINIANS, DESCENDED FROM THE 1.4 MILLION ARABS WHO LIVED IN PALESTINE BEFORE 1948, WERE GUARANTEED THE RIGHT TO RETURN AT 'THE EARLIEST PRACTICABLE DATE'. OVER 50 YEARS LATER, PALESTINIANS THROUGHOUT THE DIASPORA HANG ON TO A DREAM THAT IS ALL BUT A DEAD LETTER
Pressed Into Military Service
Authors: Jayasekera Rohan
Published: October 2007

WILLA POST-WAR IRAQI MEDIA COME UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF A US MILITARY GOVERNMENT?
Mad Mullahs and Mullah Lites
Authors: Mobasser Nilou
Published: October 2007

AS US CONSERVATIVES AND NATIONALISTS TALK UP THE THREAT FROM IRAN, THEIR WORDS FIND A PECULIAR ECHO IN TEHRAN
Sincere Promises
Authors: Hitchens Christopher
Published: October 2007

THE WORD 'UNILATERALISM' IS DOING IDIOMATIC DUTY FOR THE WORD 'IMPERIALISM', SIGNIFYING A HYPERPOWER THAT WANTS TO BE EXEMPTED FROM THE RULES BECAUSE - WELL, BECAUSE IT WROTE MOST OF THEM
Unkindest Cuts
Authors: Shaheen Jack G
Published: October 2007

MOST AMERICAN MINORITIES CAN EXPECT FAIR CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION FROM HOLLYWOOD — BUT NOT ARAB-AMERICANS AND MUSLIMS
Not-So-Smart Bombers
Authors: Tripathi Saul
Published: October 2007

THE ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT'S SELECTIVE TARGETING LEAVES VICTIMS OF INTELLECTUAL COLLATERAL DAMAGE ABANDONED AND FORGOTTEN FROM THE CONGO TO COLOMBIA
Napster and the Dogs of War
Authors: D'Entremont Jim
Published: October 2007

MANY MUSIC FANS CONSIDER TRAFFICKING IN MUSIC DOWNLOADS FAIR REVENGE ON THE INDUSTRY FOR EXORBITANTLY PRICED CDS AND CONCERT TICKETS, CONTENT RESTRICTIONS, DISRESPECT FOR CONSUMERS AND CORPORATE BULLYING OF ARTISTS. NOW IT'S ILLEGAL
Half Open, Half Shut
Authors: Goldberg David
Published: October 2007

WHILE THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION IS NOW SAFELY ENSHRINED IN UK LAW, THERE'S A LOT TO DO TO GET THE SHOW ON THE ROAD BY JANUARY 2005
Making an Impact
Authors: Khan Imran
Published: October 2007

IT TOOK THE COURAGE OF ONE BLACK FAMILY TO CHANGE THE PERCEPTIONS OF BRITISH SOCIETY AND EXPOSE THE RACISM AT THE HEART OF THE COUNTRY'S MOST POWERFUL INSTITUTION
Who Drives the Agenda?
Authors: Woffinden Bob
Published: October 2007

THE UK'S TABLOID PRESS SEEKS TO BE BOTH JUDGE AND JURY IN HIGH-PROFILE CRIMINAL CASES; LAW LORDS AND GOVERNMENT SEEM POWERLESS TO SET A MORE LIBERAL JUDICIAL AGENDA
Dirty Kuffar
Authors: Golestan Mehrak
Published: October 2007

ISLAMIST RAPPERS TAKE ON THE ABUSE OF IRAQI PRISONERS IN THEIR OWN STYLE
Freedom Is a Big Word
Authors: Dabrowska Ania
Published: October 2007

A CELEBRATION IN PICTURES OF SOUTH AFRICA'S 10TH ANNIVERSARY
Fortress America
Authors: Martínez Rubén
Published: October 2007

IT WON'T STOP THEM COMING AND MIGRANT DEATHS WILL INCREASE, BUT THE US IS BUILDING ITS OWN GREAT WALL OF EXCLUSION
Think Roma, Say Jew - You Won't get Away With It
Authors: Maryniak Irena
Published: October 2007

WHEN THE EUROPEAN PROJECT IS COMPLETED, EUROPE WILL BE HOME TO SOMETHING BETWEEN 8 AND 12 MILLION ROMA. WILL THIS MARK AN END TO DISCRIMINATION?
May the Force Be With You
Authors: Eco Umberto , Cragg Gulliver
Published: October 2007

UNITE OR DIE. EITHER EUROPE GETS ITS HOUSE IN ORDER AND FORMS A STRONG THIRD FORCE IN THE WORLD - OR IT GOES THE WAY OF ALL SMALL STATES: SEMI-OBLIVION
Exclusion Within
Authors: Nicolae Valeriu
Published: October 2007

EUROPE'S ROMA REMAIN HIGHLY SCEPTICAL ABOUT THE BENEFITS OF EU CITIZENSHIP
Movimento and the censors
Authors: Gomes Marcos
Published: October 2007

Movimento was one of the liveliest of Brazil's independent weeklies. It was started in 1975 and still survives in spite of difficulties. Here the editor, Marcos Gomes, is interviewed by Gerald Thomas, who also provides a short introduction.
Origins of a poem
Authors: Woroszylski Wiktor
Published: October 2007

The author is one of the most highly respected of Polish writers and poets. Much of his work has not satisfied the requirements of the censors and has thus found its way into Zapis. The text below is taken from Literatura, a novel Woroszylski wrote in 1966–70, excerpts from which appeared under the same title in Zapis 1 in 1977.
To the know-alls
Authors: Narbutt Jerzy
Published: October 2007

A poet and essayist, Jerzy Narbutt has for many years contributed to the Catholic press in Poland. Like many of his colleagues ( of whom Ficowski and Woroszylski also appear in this issue) he has been completely banned since 1976, when he signed a protest against changes in the Polish Constitution.
Three poems
Authors: Ficowski Jerzy , Wandycz Krystyna , Bosley Keith
Published: October 2007

Jerzy Ficowski, born 1924, has published seven collections of poems in Poland. He has also published stories, essays, and translations from Rumanian ( folk poetry), Romany ( Papusza), Spanish ( Garcia Lorca), and Yiddish. He is now on the editorial board of Zapis. He has written special studies of gipsy folklore and of Bruno Schulz. A major concern is the relation between Christians and Jews, to which his eighth collection of poems, Odczytanie Popiolów ( ‘Reading the Ashes’) bears witness; this collection, banned in Poland, was published earlier this year in England (in Polish). The following poems are taken from Reading the Ashes.

The use of the Hebrew name of Jerusalem in the first poem indicates that the journey spoken of is spiritual.

The ‘seven words’ of the second poem are both the Seven Words from the Cross and the seven words of a young victim at Belzec extermination camp; the poem reverses the familiar declaration in John's Gospel that the darkness could not contain the light. The third poem is a triumphant affirmation of life: thanks to a dose of Luminal (phenobarbitone) the baby survives to echo God's reply when Moses asked his name.
Minor Apocalypse
Authors: Konwicki Tadeusz
Published: October 2007

A leading Polish novelist, Tadeusz Konwicki is the author of Kompleks polski which came out in Zapis 3 two years ago, after it had been turned down by the censor, and which Farrar, Straus & Giroux will be publishing in the USA under the title of A Polish Complex. When writing his next novel, Minor Apocalypse, an Orwellian tale that takes place in Poland in the not-too-distant future ( possibly even in 1984), Konwicki decided not even to submit it to the censorship but to write it directly for Zapis, the unofficial and uncensored journal. The novel, from which extracts are printed below, then came out as Zapis 10. Its hero, a writer, is visited by two elderly dissidents on the day when the Communist Party leadership puts forward a proposal that Poland should be incorporated into the Soviet Union. His visitors suggest that he protest against this by setting fire to himself in a public place. Rejecting their scheme, he nevertheless acquires a can of petrol and goes on a tour of Warsaw, meeting a number of characters, many of whom are recognisable as the real people the author used as his models ( the film director Andrzej Wajda and the dissident Jacek Kuroń are perhaps the best-known examples). His encounters, and the realisation of what conditions in the country are really like, make the hero change his mind, and he decides to carry out the self-immolation on the steps of the Warsaw Palace of Culture.
Jamil Dehlavi interviewed: The Blood of Hussain escapes the censor
Authors: Gandhy Behroze
Published: October 2007

Dehlavi's Blood of Hussain broke all the rules and finally escaped
Black film-makers: A view from exile
Authors: Pheto Molefe
Published: October 2007

Films about blacks, made by Blacks, are not numerous; but they will be
Siege mentality: A view of film censorship
Authors: Tomaselli Keyan
Published: October 2007

Since 1900 the government has become stricter and film-makers more cautious
Poems from under the gag
Authors: Laâbi Abdellatif , Joffé George
Published: October 2007

Abdellatif Laâbi, the leading Moroccan poet writing in French today, forms part of an honourable and respected literary tradition that derives from France's North African colonial experience. He is perhaps better known outside North Africa as one of Morocco's most prominent political prisoners. His most recent book, Sous le baillon, le poème (‘The Poem beneath the Gag’), from which the poems below have been selected, looks back to his prison experiences and to the political beliefs that led to his arrest in March 1972 for ‘threatening the security of the State’. (The book was published in 1981 in Paris by Harmattan.)
Sadat's final act of repression
Authors: Naseef Magdy
Published: October 2007

The final round in the late President Anwar Sadat's campaign against all who criticised or opposed him took place a month before his death. On 3 September 1981 he ordered the detention of 1650 citizens, including intellectuals from all walks of life, and of various nationalist and progressive persuasions. Mr Khalid Muhyiddine, leader of the Progressive National Unionist Party (PNUP) described it as ‘the widest wave of arrests in the history of modern Egypt’, which hit ‘all the political wings’; and yet, as he told me a few days before Sadat's assassination, ‘ironically, Sadat's regime claims to have the support of the people’.
Visible jailers
Authors: Hope Christopher
Published: October 2007

The Publications Appeal Board: Digest of Decisions (vol. 2, 1981) collects systematically the decisions of the South African Publications Appeal Board. Collected by Louise Silver, it is published by the Centre for Applied Legal Studies, University of Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avènue, Johannesburg 2001. The Centre was established to promote research into areas of the law affecting the black community and civil rights.
Egoli — City of Gold
Authors: Manaka Matsemela
Published: October 2007

Egoli is a product of the Soyikwa Africa Theatre, part of the Creative Youth Association founded in Soweto by students in 1976. The Soyikwa Theatre believes in a communal approach to plays. The final version of Egoli represents a collaboration between the writer, Matsemela Manaka, and the play's two actors, John Moalusi Ledwaba and Hamilton Mahonga Silwane. In the printed version, all three are listed as copyright holders.
Palestinian writers in Israel
Authors: al-Qasim Samih , Habibi Emile
Published: October 2007

Haifa million Palestinian Arabs live in the state of Israel. They have generally received less attention than the 1.2 million Palestinians in the occupied territories — the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights — who have lived under Israeli military rule since 1967. Have these forgotten Palestinians' been successfully integrated into the Israeli state? What problems are encountered by Palestinian writers in Israel?

Two prominent Palestinian writers recently in London discussed these issues with Roger Hardy. One of them, Samih al-Qasim, is a well-known poet, born in 1939, who lives and works in Haifa. The other, Emile Habibi, born in 1921, is a short-story writer and former member of the Israeli parliament, who in 1974 published a remarkable novel, The Pessoptimist, which looks satirically at the life of an Arab in Israel. (A French translation has been published and an English edition is due to appear in the United States.)

Both writers are members of the Israeli Communist Party, whose prestige among Israel's Arabs sometimes puzzles outside observers. In fact, its appeal is less ideological than practical: it is the oldest and best organised non-Zionist party in Israel. Communist publications give many Palestinian writers — communist and non-communist — the chance to appear in print for the first time.
Reporting the war in Ayacucho
Authors: Harding Colin
Published: October 2007

Who killed the group of eight journalists? Should a free press be allowed to oppose the conduct of the war against terrorism?
Interview with Claribel Alegría
Authors: Forché Carolyn
Published: October 2007

‘The impulse to write a political poem is a gut reaction of rage, frustration, impotence and sorrow’

Claribel Alegría, one of Central America's best-known poets, was born in Estelí, Nicaragua in 1924, but she considers herself Salvadorean because she went to live in El Salvador when she was a year old. She went to the United States in 1943 and earned her BA from George Washington University. While not originally a political exile from El Salvador, her opposition to successive regimes there has meant she cannot safely return. She now lives in Deya, Mallorca with her North American husband, Darwin J. Flakoll. Her books of poetry include Anillo de Silencio, Suite, Vigilias, Acuario, Huesped de mi Tiempo, Vía Unica, Aprendizaje, Pagaré a cobrar y ótros poemas, Raíces, and Sobrevivo. A selected poems, Suma y sigue (antología), appeared from Visor Madrid in 1981, and her translations of North American poets, Nuevas voces de Norte-america, appeared from Plaza & Janes, S.A., the same year. In 1978, Claribel Alegría was awarded the Casa de las Americas Prize in Havana, Cuba. This interview was conducted in Mallorca by the young North American poet Carolyn Forché, author of several collections of verse including The Country Between Us and translator of a collection of Claribel Alegría's poems in English, Flowers from the Volcano (University of Pittsburgh). It first appeared in Poetry East. Two of the accompanying poems are translated by Carolyn Forché. The rest have been published by the El Salvador Solidarity Campaign (London), in a small collection of Claribel Alegría's poems, Poesía Viva.
Tatarka: Silenced in Slovakia
Authors: Mlynárik Ján
Published: October 2007

Dominik Tatarka is Slovakia's best-known novelist; but since 1969 not a word of his work has been published

Foreign observers have the impression that, while Czech writers and other intellectuals continue to resist the Soviet-imposed cultural repression, their Slovak fellow-citizens remain, at best, silent or collaborate with the regime which has been in power since the invasion of 1968. Unlike in the Czech-speaking parts of the country, there are not hundreds of silenced writers and scholars in Slovakia, nor did the Charter 77 movement gain any substantial support there, with only five Slovak intellectuals putting their signatures to this human and civil rights document.

A leading Slovak historian now living in West Germany, Ján Mlynárik explains the background and describes the difficult life of one of the five — Slovakia's best-known novelist, the 70-year-old Dominik Tatarka, who neither collaborates nor keeps silent. An extract from Tatarka's diary follows his account.
Letter from Bratislava
Authors: Duray Miklós
Published: October 2007

The letter that follows has recently been sent to the West by a writer and member of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia, who was arrested in Bratislava in November 1982. He was released without trial a few months later, due to the pressure of world public opinion.
Repression in Iraq and Syria
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2007

Recent reports from Amnesty point to torture, special courts and hundreds of executions
A New Type of History
Authors: Vašíček Zdeněk
Published: October 2007

‘Our history must always appear to be the continuation of the best that is to be found in the German people, its humanist and progressive traditions in every field. We must not abandon a single progressive thinker or poet, a single humanist to our opponents’ (Kurt Hager)
Denying the Holocaust
Authors: May Michael
Published: October 2007

The background, methods and motives of the ‘revisionists’
Negating the Past
Authors: Matini Jalal
Published: October 2007

‘We believe’, said the official in charge of textbooks, ‘that our sociology, our economics, our history, all of these subjects must be Islamified.’
I The Supreme
Authors: Bastos Augusto Roa
Published: October 2007

I don't write history. I make it. I can remake it as I please, adjusting, stressing, enriching its meaning and truth.
The Woman in the Middle
Authors: Arias Arturo
Published: October 2007

Short story by a Guatemalan writer
The Autonomy of the Spirit
Authors: Finkielkraut Alain
Published: October 2007

‘“Europe” is a certain idea of culture, which can best be defined by the words : autonomy of spirit’
‘A Few Ideas… Nothing New!’
Authors: Ash Timothy Garton
Published: October 2007

‘In our time, it's quite as meaningful to talk of European barbarism as it is to talk of European civilisation’
Two systems of education
Authors: Brown Sarah Graham
Published: October 2007

A move to encourage more contact between young Jewish and Palestinian Israelis was criticised by right wingers and Jewish religious authorities; the initiative was suspended ‘because of shortage of funds’
Prague Dixieland
Authors: Stavinoha Jan , Theiner George
Published: October 2007

Title story from exiled Czech writer's first published book
A Classic Cut
Authors: Pimenoff A. Stephen
Published: October 2007

‘Harvard Classics’ accused of censoring Two Years Before the Mast
Even bigger scissors
Authors: Harber Anton
Published: October 2007

‘The importance of international pressure in giving a measure of protection to the South African press cannot be overestimated’ writes the co-editor of the Johannesburg Weekly Mail in this assessment of Botha's policy towards the alternative press
Writers and social responsibility
Authors: Mzamane Mbulelo Vizikhungo
Published: October 2007

‘I was supposed to accept my master's version of my experience and write it down and give it back to him and thus I would enter the mainstream. I would still be a minority writer, of course, but at least I would have a civilised point of view
Tongues untied
Authors: Bouaita Nabil
Published: October 2007

A prominent lawyer discusses the implications of Algeria's recent political crisis and argues that there is now a strong groundswell of opinion in favour of change.
Our prospects
Authors: Šimečka Milan
Published: October 2007

In a paper prepared for the 'Czechoslovakia 88' symposium, a banned Czech philosopher looks at his country's prospects before the year 2000
Why the Empire's subjects are restless
Authors: Nahaylo Bohdan
Published: October 2007

What does 'democratisation' mean for non-Russians? A leading specialist charts Gorbachev's approach to the 'nationalities question'
Pikets and muzzles
Authors: Kaza Juris
Published: October 2007

There are signs of a new crackdown on outspoken editors, journalists and campaigners for change in Latvia. Our Stockholm-based correspondent reports
The Kayapó: On trial for speaking out
Authors: Posey Darrell
Published: October 2007

One of the defendants in a sensational trial describes how he and two Indian leaders were brought to court for ‘jeopardising’ the Brazilian government after they had protested in Washington against the destruction of the rain forest
Setting the table in Argentina
Authors: Viñas David
Published: October 2007

A leading Argentinian author talks to John Kraniauskas about his country's past and prospects under Menem
The state of disappearance
Authors: Rendic Elizabeth
Published: October 2007

Two stories from a doctor who worked amongst the poor and marginalised. She was detained on 28 November 1982, after a violent clash with the authorities in which her compañero was killed. In March 1988, after six years' imprisonment, her sentence was changed to indefinite night-time imprisonment. On 14 December 1989, elections in Chile meant a first step to freedom
The Gambia: Journalists cleared
Authors: Jeng Malick
Published: October 2007

A libel case becomes a landmark for a freer press
For the love of Hajj Agha
Authors: Khaksar Nasim
Published: October 2007

Now in exile in Holland, the author of this story was imprisoned under the Shah and the Ayatollah
Dictatorship by telephone persists
Authors: Maryniak Irena
Published: October 2007

The Estonian Minister of Culture discusses the difficulties in asserting autonomy from Moscow
Togo: tantrums of the tyrant
Authors: Blay-Amihere Kabral
Published: October 2007

Journalism is still a hazardous profession in Togo. With many years of military rule, reporters have been conditioned, according to an International Press Institute Report
Coping with a free press in Sierra Leone
Authors: Smith Arthur E. E.
Published: October 2007

A clash between cabinet ministers and five Freetown newspapers has paved the way for greater freedom
The unknown tastes sweeter
Authors: Kuptik Ivan
Published: October 2007

Six months ago the chances were nil that Index might reprint an article from the official Czech Communist Party newspaper Rude Právo which criticised censorship and listed its bad points
The Press in West Africa
Authors: Maja-Pearce Adewale
Published: October 2007

Rumour has long had it that democracy is not suited to Africa. This report is dedicated to all the continent's journalists who know this to be a wicked lie and whose own insistence on a free press will ensure the emergence of that long-desired democracy
Sudan : laying down the law for Allah
Authors: Nduru Moyiga
Published: October 2007

The harsh imposition of Islamic law by Sudan's military rulers is hotly contested by many Muslims and is exacerbating tensions between north and south
The Burmese way to rack and ruin
Authors: Smith Martin
Published: October 2007

When arms embargoes hit your country, change its name and puzzled dealers will come running back. So thought Burma's generals. They were right
Where the guns outrun the mafia
Authors: Wirpsa Leslie G , Gomez G Ignacio
Published: October 2007

The value of weapons traded in Colombia strengthens the grip of the drug barons
Kenya: indecent exposure
Authors: Imanyara Gitobu
Published: October 2007

The Nairobi Law Monthly set itself the task of 'inciting change'. There were prices to be paid
Mozambique: in the face of despair
Authors: Bray Ian
Published: October 2007

Despite a continuing war and the collapse of the economy, the government has opened the doors to multi-partyism and democratic rights
Zimbabwe: democracy in tatters
Authors: Hove Chenjerai
Published: October 2007

While their exercise is promised, rights and freedoms are skirted by bureaucratic manoeuvres
Chad: the good, the bad and the government
Authors: Jaumain Yves
Published: October 2007

When a journalist lost an eye in a military fracas, the government showed itself strangely solicitous for his health