bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal Plasticity Simulation of Cyclic Behaviors of AZ31B Magnesium Alloys via a Modified Dislocation–Twinning–Detwinning Model
Authors: Sun Yingjun , Yue Ke , Lin Chongzhi , Liu Zhe , Sun Xiaochuan , Wang Guoliang , Wang Huamiao
Published: December 2024

In this study, a probabilistic model within the dislotwin constitutive framework of DAMASK (the Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit) was established to describe the cyclic loading behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloys. Considering the detwinning procedure within the twinned region, this newly developed dislocation–twinning–detwinning model was employed to accurately simulate stress–strain behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloys throughout tension–compression–tension (T-C-T) cycle loading. The investigations revealed that the reduction in yield stress during the reverse loading process was attributed to the active operation of twinning and detwinning modes. Furthermore, the evolution of the twin volume fraction during cycle loading scenarios was quantitatively determined. According to these results, the relative activities of plastic deformation modes during T-C-T loading were further analyzed.
From Crop Residue to Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels as a Building Material
Authors: Lamichhane Aadarsha , Kuttoor Vasudevan Arun , Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Ragon Kevin , Street Jason , Seale Roy Daniel
Published: December 2024

This study explores the potential of using underutilized materials from agricultural and forestry systems, such as rice husk, wheat straw, and wood strands, in developing corrugated core sandwich panels as a structural building material. By leveraging the unique properties of these biobased materials within a corrugated geometry, the research presents a novel approach to enhancing the structural performance of such underutilized biobased materials. These biobased materials were used in different lengths to consider the manufacturing feasibility of corrugated panels and the effect of fiber length on their structural performance. The average lengths for wood strands and wheat straws were 12–15 cm and 3–7.5 cm, respectively, while rice husks were like particles, about 7 mm long. Due to the high silica content in rice husk and wheat straw, which negatively impacts the bonding performance, polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), an effective adhesive for such materials, was used for the fabrication of corrugated panels. Wood strands and phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive were used to fabricate flat outer layers. Flat panels were bonded to both sides of the corrugated panels using a polyurethane adhesive to develop corrugated core sandwich panels. Four-point bending tests were conducted to evaluate the panel’s bending stiffness, load-carrying capacity, and failure modes. Results demonstrated that sandwich panels with wood strand corrugated cores exhibited the highest bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity, while those with wheat straw corrugated cores performed similarly. Rice husk corrugated core sandwich panels showed the lowest mechanical performance compared to other sandwich panels. Considering the applications of these sandwich panels as floor, wall, and roof sheathing, all these panels exhibited superior bending performance compared to 11.2 mm- and 17.42 mm-thick commercial OSB (oriented strand board) panels, which are commonly used as building materials. These sandwich structures supported a longer span than commercial OSB panels while satisfying the deflection limit of L/360. The findings suggest the transformative potential of converting renewable yet underutilized materials into an engineered concept, corrugated geometry, leading to the development of high-performance, carbon-negative building materials suitable for flooring and roof applications.
Effect of rPET Content and Preform Heating/Cooling Conditions in the Stretch Blow Molding Process on Microcavitation and Solid-State Post-Condensation of vPET-rPET Blend: Part II—Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Tests
Authors: Wawrzyniak Paweł , Karaszewski Waldemar , Safandowska Marta , Idczak Rafał
Published: December 2024

This research explores how varying proportions of virgin polyethylene terephthalate (vPET) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) in vPET-rPET blends, combined with preform thermal conditions during the stretch blow molding (SBM) process, influence PET bottles’ microscopic characteristics. Key metrics such as viscosity, density, crystallinity, amorphous phase relaxation, and microcavitation were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis, including Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its power, supported the interpretation of results. The first part of the work details the experimental design and statistical methods. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and amorphous phase density analysis revealed reduced free volume size, a substantial increase in free volume quantity, and a transformation toward ellipsoidal geometries, highlighting significant structural changes in the material. At the same time, the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and PALS studies indicate that the solid-state post-condensation effect (SSPC) is linked with microcavitation through post-condensation product diffusion. The conclusions, which resulted from the microstructure analysis, affected the material’s mechanical strength and were validated by pressure resistance tests of the bottles.
Numerical Simulation of Galvanic Corrosion and Electrical Insulation for TC4/304 Galvanic Couple
Authors: Liu Kaixun , Wu Yuhang , Liu Huicong , Chen Haining , Li Weiping
Published: December 2024

The galvanic corrosion and electrical insulation between TC4 Ti-alloy and 304 stainless steel coupled in pipe joints were investigated using the finite element method. The results obtained from polarization were applied as boundary conditions. The simulation incorporated secondary current distribution with chemical species transport and laminar flow. COMSOL modeling provided calculated values that showed good agreement with experimental measurements. The model was utilized to examine the influence of geometric and environmental factors, including insulation resistance, insulation distance, pipe diameter, temperature, and electrolyte concentration, on the galvanic corrosion process. The results indicated that electrical insulation performance significantly affects the corrosion process.
Simulation of Load–Sinkage Relationship and Parameter Inversion of Snow Based on Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian Method
Authors: Zhu Ming , Li Pengyu , Li Dongqing , Wei Wei , Liu Jianfeng , Long Xixing , Meng Qingkai , Shu Yongjie , Yan Qingdong
Published: December 2024

The accurate calibration of snow parameters is necessary to establish an accurate simulation model of snow, which is generally used to study tire–snow interaction. In this paper, an innovative parameter inversion method based on in situ test results is proposed to calibrate the snow parameters, which avoids the damage to the mechanical properties of snow when making test samples using traditional test methods. A coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) model of plate loading in snow was established; the sensitivity of snow parameters to the macroscopic load–sinkage relationship was studied; a plate-loading experiment was carried out; and the parameters of snow at the experimental site were inverted. The parameter inversion results from the snow model were verified by the experimental test results of different snow depths and different plate sizes. The results show the following: (1) The material cohesive, angle of friction, and hardening law of snow have great influence on the load–sinkage relationship of snow, the elastic modulus has a great influence on the unloading/reloading stiffness of snow, and the influence of density and Poisson’s ratio on the load–sinkage relationship can be ignored. (2) The correlation coefficient between the inversion result and the matching test data is 0.979, which is 0.304 higher than that of the initial inversion curve. (3) The load–sinkage relationship of snow with different snow depths and plate diameters was simulated by using the model parameter of inversion, and the results were compared with the experimental results. The minimum correlation coefficient was 0.87, indicating that the snow parameter inversion method in this paper can calibrate the snow parameters of the test site accurately.
On Bridge Graphs with Local Antimagic Chromatic Number 3
Authors: Shiu Wai-Chee , Lau Gee-Choon , Zhang Ruixue
Published: December 2024

Let G=(V,E) be a connected graph. A bijection f:E→{1,…,|E|} is called a local antimagic labeling if, for any two adjacent vertices x and y, f+(x)≠f+(y), where f+(x)=∑e∈E(x)f(e), and E(x) is the set of edges incident to x. Thus, a local antimagic labeling induces a proper vertex coloring of G, where the vertex x is assigned the color f+(x). The local antimagic chromatic number χla(G) is the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings induced by local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we present some families of bridge graphs with χla(G)=3 and give several ways to construct bridge graphs with χla(G)=3.
Advancements in Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Laminated Composites: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khalid Salman , Yazdani Muhammad Haris , Azad Muhammad Muzammil , Elahi Muhammad Umar , Raouf Izaz , Kim Heung Soo
Published: December 2024

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) integrate physics principles with machine learning, offering innovative solutions for complex modeling challenges. Laminated composites, characterized by their anisotropic behavior, multi-layered structures, and intricate interlayer interactions, pose significant challenges for traditional computational methods. PINNs address these issues by embedding governing physical laws directly into neural network architectures, enabling efficient and accurate modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PINNs applied to laminated composites, highlighting advanced methodologies such as hybrid PINNs, k-space PINNs, Theory-Constrained PINNs, optimal PINNs, and disjointed PINNs. Key applications, including structural health monitoring (SHM), structural analysis, stress-strain and failure analysis, and multi-scale modeling, are explored to illustrate how PINNs optimize material configurations and enhance structural reliability. Additionally, this review examines the challenges associated with deploying PINNs and identifies future directions to further advance their capabilities. By bridging the gap between classical physics-based models and data-driven techniques, this review advances the understanding of PINN methodologies for laminated composites and underscores their transformative role in addressing modeling complexities and solving real-world problems.
Parameter Extraction for Photovoltaic Models with Flood-Algorithm-Based Optimization
Authors: Bouali Yacine , Alamri Basem
Published: December 2024

Accurately modeling photovoltaic (PV) cells is crucial for optimizing PV systems. Researchers have proposed numerous mathematical models of PV cells to facilitate the design and simulation of PV systems. Usually, a PV cell is modeled by equivalent electrical circuit models with specific parameters, which are often unknown; this leads to formulating an optimization problem that is addressed through metaheuristic algorithms to identify the PV cell/module parameters accurately. This paper introduces the flood algorithm (FLA), a novel and efficient optimization approach, to extract parameters for various PV models, including single-diode, double-diode, and three-diode models and PV module configurations. The FLA’s performance is systematically evaluated against nine recently developed optimization algorithms through comprehensive comparative and statistical analyses. The results highlight the FLA’s superior convergence speed, global search capability, and robustness. This study explores two distinct objective functions to enhance accuracy: one based on experimental current–voltage data and another integrating the Newton–Raphson method. Applying metaheuristic algorithms with the Newton–Raphson-based objective function reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) more effectively than traditional methods. These findings establish the FLA as a computationally efficient and reliable approach to PV parameter extraction, with promising implications for advancing PV system design and simulation.
Conservation Law Analysis in Numerical Schema for a Tumor Angiogenesis PDE System
Authors: De Luca Pasquale , Marcellino Livia
Published: December 2024

Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, is a crucial process in cancer growth and metastasis. Mathematical modeling through partial differential equations helps to understand this complex biological phenomenon. Here, we provide a conservation properties analysis in a tumor angiogenesis model describing the evolution of endothelial cells, proteases, inhibitors, and extracellular matrix. The adopted approach introduces a numerical framework that combines spatial and time discretization techniques. Here, we focus on maintaining solution accuracy while preserving physical quantities during the simulation process. The method achieved second-order accuracy in both space and time discretizations, with conservation errors showing consistent convergence as the mesh was refined. The numerical schema demonstrates stable wave propagation patterns, in agreement with experimental observations. Numerical experiments validate the approach and demonstrate its reliability for long-term angiogenesis simulations.
Enhancing Real-Time Processing in Industry 4.0 Through the Paradigm of Edge Computing
Authors: Gómez Larrakoetxea Nerea , Sánz Uquijo Borja , López Iker Pastor , Barruetabeña Jon García , Bringas Pablo García
Published: December 2024

The industrial sector has undergone significant digital transformation, driven by advancements in technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). These developments have facilitated the collection of vast quantities of data, which, in turn, pose significant challenges for real-time data processing. This study seeks to validate the efficacy and accuracy of edge computing models designed to represent subprocesses within industrial environments and to compare their performance with that of traditional cloud computing models. By processing data locally at the point of collection, edge computing models provide substantial benefits in minimizing latency and enhancing processing efficiency, which are crucial for real-time decision-making in industrial operations. This research demonstrates that models derived from distinct subprocesses yield superior accuracy compared to comprehensive models encompassing multiple subprocesses. The findings indicate that an increase in data volume does not necessarily translate to improved model performance, particularly in datasets that capture data from production processes, as combining independent process data can introduce extraneous ‘noise’. By subdividing datasets into smaller, specialized edge models, this study offers a viable approach to mitigating the latency challenges inherent in cloud computing, thereby enhancing real-time data processing capabilities, scalability, and adaptability for modern industrial applications.
Relationship Between the Use of Fitness Trackers and Smartwatches for Monitoring Physical Activity and the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Long-Term Care Residents During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Crnković Ivana , Lončarek Karmen , Tomasović Mrčela Nada , Železnik Danica , Vlahović Tomislav
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The use of wearable fitness technology is a trend nowadays and has significant potential in promoting an active lifestyle among long-term care (LTC) residents. The objectives of this observational study were to examine the use of fitness trackers and smartwatches for monitoring physical activity and to analyze the relationship between the use of these technological solutions and the sociodemographic characteristics of LTC residents during the COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 198 LTC residents stationed in eleven organizational units that provide long-term accommodation services for older adults in the city of Zagreb in Croatia. LTC residents aged 65 and older who receive the 1st level of accommodation services in the social care system according to their functional ability and health status were included in this study. Results: During the COVID-19 lockdown, 19.19% of LTC residents used wearable activity trackers. Gender (p = 0.0411) and education level (p = 0.0485) were recognized as significant sociodemographic predictors regarding the use of fitness trackers and smartwatches for monitoring physical activity. An odds ratio for gender of 0.454 (95% CI: 0.213–0.969) indicates that women have a 54.6% lower chance of using fitness trackers and smartwatches then men. The odds ratio for the education effects of 0.050 (95% CI: 0.003–0.980) demonstrates that there is a 95% lower chance of using fitness trackers and smartwatches for individuals with only elementary education as opposed to university graduates. Conclusions: The sociodemographic differences of LTC residents regarding the use of fitness trackers and smartwatches require further research, but they are also an incentive for the implementation of these technological solutions to protect the health of older adults.
On Transformation and Stress–Strain–Temperature Behavior of Fine-Grained Ni-Rich NiTi Wire vs. Aging Mode
Authors: Ryklina Elena , Polyakova Kristina , Komarov Victor , Murygin Semen , Konopatsky Anton , Andreev Vladimir , Ulanov Adilet
Published: December 2024

The present study was carried out using a cold-drawn wire of Ni50.8Ti at.% subjected to post-deformation solution treatment at 700 °C for 1 h to obtain a fine-grained recrystallized structure. Subsequent aging was carried out at a temperature range of 300, 430, and 500 °C for 1, 10, and 20 h. The time–temperature aging mode strongly affects the aging-induced microstructure. Variation of the aging-induced microstructure (using various aging modes) permits precise tuning of the characteristic temperature of the martensitic transformations and their specific temperature ranges upon cooling and heating. The latent heat and hysteresis exhibit different evolution vs. aging durations; this finding remains fair when using different aging temperatures. The aging mode strongly affects the stress–temperature behavior: (i) a dramatical expansion of the temperature range of realization of the transformation yield stress (σtr); and (ii) the magnitude of σtr at a chosen test temperature is generally determined by the position of the Ms temperature. An additional contribution of competing factors is discussed. The efficiency of the aging temperature under isochronous aging is significantly higher than the efficiency of the aging time under isothermal aging. Aging at 430 °C for 10–20 h provides the highest resource for the recovery strain. The strain–temperature behavior strongly depends on the relative position of the Rs and Ms temperatures (onset of B2→R and R→B19′ transformations, respectively). The regularities obtained can be used to predict the set of functional and mechanical properties of titanium nickelide.
Characterization of an Acetogenin-Carrying Nanosuspension and Its Effect on Bacteria of Interest in the Poultry Industry
Authors: López-Romero Brandon A. , Aguilar-Hernández Gabriela , Hargis Billy M. , García-Magaña María de Lourdes , López-García Ulises M. , Ortiz-Basurto Rosa I. , Zamudio-Ojeda Adalberto , Latorre Juan D. , Montalvo-González Efigenia
Published: December 2024

This work aimed to develop a nanosuspension (NSps) as an acetogenin (ACGs) carrier, using soy lecithin (SL) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (βCD) named NSps-βCDSL-ACGs. It was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (DLS, FTIR, UV-vis diffuse reflectance). Moreover, the NSps morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the antibacterial activity of NSps-βCDSL-ACGs was evaluated against strains of interest in the poultry sector. NSps-βCDSL-ACGs presented nanometric size (207–239 nm), acceptable polydispersity index (PDI) values (0.13–0.17) and a high Z potential value (−47.17–50.36 mV), demonstrating high stability. The presence of ACGs in NSps-βCDSL-ACGs was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The nanoparticles had a spherical shape and exhibited high inhibition potential against Salmonella Enteritidis (88.18%), Streptococcus gallolyticus (88.01%), Salmonella Typhimurium (86.28%) and Salmonella Infantis (77.02%) strains up to 48 h, and a reduction of up to 3 log CFU/mL was achieved for S. Typhimurium. Therefore, NSps-βCDSL-ACGs is an attractive option for implementing ACGs administration in the poultry sector to reduce the use of antibiotics and minimize bacterial resistance.
London Rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.) as Healthy Green: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivity of Plants Grown in Wild and Controlled Environments
Authors: Chileh-Chelh Tarik , da Cunha-Chiamolera Tatiana Pagan Loeiro , Urrestarazu Miguel , Ezzaitouni Mohamed , López-Ruiz Rosalía , Nájera Cinthia , Rincón-Cervera Miguel Ángel , Guil-Guerrero José Luis
Published: December 2024

London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) is a wild green consumed globally, yet its phytochemical composition remains underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the leaves of wild S. irio plants and those grown in controlled environments (GCE) with varying electrical conductivities (EC) and light spectra. Plants were assessed for growth, phenolic content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, glucosinolates, and antiproliferative effects against HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. The optimal biomass yield occurred at the EC levels of 3.0–3.5 dS m−1 under Valoya® LED light. Wild plants showed higher antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS assays) than GCE samples, with values of 8.03–8.67 and 6.49–6.81 mmol TE per 100 g dry weight, respectively. The vitamin C range was 50.7–84.3 and 84.5–186.9 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight for GCE and wild samples, respectively. Phenolic content was higher in wild plants than in the GCE ones, with apigetrin as the primary phenolic compound. The MTT assay showed that ethanol extracts from wild plants weakly inhibited HT-29 cell growth, with a GI50 of 210–380 µg mL−1 after 72 h of cells exposure to plant extracts. Principal Component Analysis suggested that EC and UV exposure increase the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and glucosinolates in wild plants, offering insights into the bioactive profiles of S. irio leaves.
Discovery of a Novel Insecticidal Peptide with a Cystine-Stabilized α-Helix/α-Helix Motif from the Venom of Scorpion Liocheles australasiae
Authors: Miyashita Masahiro , Mitani Naoya , Iwamoto Fuki , Hirota Mitsuki , Nakagawa Yoshiaki
Published: December 2024

Scorpion venom contains various bioactive peptides, many of which exhibit insecticidal activity. The majority of these peptides have a cystine-stabilized α-helix/β-sheet (CSαβ) motif. In addition to these peptides, scorpion venom also contains those with a cystine-stabilized α-helix/α-helix (CSαα) motif, which are known as κ-KTx peptides. Some of these peptides show weak inhibitory activity on mammal potassium channels, but, in many cases, their biological activity remained unknown. In this study, with the aim of discovering novel insecticidal peptides, we synthesized five peptides, which were predicted to adopt a CSαα motif, identified from the venom of the scorpion Liocheles australasiae, and measured their insecticidal activity. As a result, one of the peptides, named LaIT5, exhibited significant insecticidal activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of insecticidal peptides with a CSαα motif. Furthermore, we synthesized its analogs based on sequence comparisons with other inactive CSαα-motif peptides to identify amino acid residues important for its insecticidal activity. The results indicate that two consecutive His residues at the central region of LaIT5 are particularly important for the activity. Since LaIT5 did not show any toxicity against mice, it was concluded that its action is selective for insects.
Tailoring Red-to-Blue Emission in In1−xGaxP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Using a Novel [In(btsa)2Cl]2 Precursor and GaI3
Authors: Duah Calem , Jeong Ji-Seoung , Ryu Ji Yeon , Park Bo Keun , Lee Young Kuk , Lee Seon Joo
Published: December 2024

Ternary In1−xGaxP quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising materials for efficient blue emission, owing to their tunable bandgap, high stability, and superior optoelectronic properties. However, most reported methods for Ga incorporation into the InP structure have predominantly relied on cation exchange in pre-grown InP QDs at elevated temperatures above 280 °C. This is largely due to the fact that, when heating In and P precursors in the presence of Ga, an InP/GaP core–shell structure readily forms. Herein, we introduce a novel synthesis approach using the indium precursor [In(btsa)2Cl]2 and GaI3 to fabricate In1−xGaxP QDs in a single step at relatively low temperatures (200 °C). By adjusting the GaI3 content, we achieved controlled emission tuning from red to blue. Structural and compositional analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed successful Ga3+ incorporation into the QD core, with a corresponding blue shift in the emission as GaI3 content increased. The synthesized QDs demonstrated a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ~50% and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 45~62 nm, highlighting the potential of this synthesis method for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Correction: Zhang et al. Interactions of Self-Assembled Bletilla Striata Polysaccharide Nanoparticles with Bovine Serum Albumin and Biodistribution of Its Docetaxel-Loaded Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 43
Authors: Zhang Guangyuan , Qiao Jin , Liu Xin , Liu Yuran , Wu Ji , Huang Long , Ji Danyang , Guan Qingxiang
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Smart Grid Application
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Qi Jun , Liang Xiao , Guan Zhen , Liu Zeguang , Zhang Chang , Chen Dabin , Deng Weifeng , Xu Changzhi , Wang Xinwei , Liu Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) promises great application prospects in smart grids due to its superior capabilities, including resistance to electromagnetic interference, long-distance coverage, high sensitivity and real-time monitoring. In this paper, we review the research progress and application status of DAS technology in power systems, focusing on its applications in areas such as the wind-induced vibration detection of transmission lines, partial discharge monitoring, transformer condition monitoring, and underwater cable and renewable energy transmission monitoring, as well as in the safety and protection of surrounding power facilities. Addressing the challenges currently faced by DAS technology in the smart grid, including detection accuracy, system cost, and data processing capability, this paper analyzes its major technical bottlenecks and proposes future research directions.
Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism
Authors: Taesuwan Siraphat , Inchai Jakkapong , Boonyingsathit Konpong , Chimkerd Chanika , Judprasong Kunchit , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Muanprasat Chatchai , Vaddhanaphuti Chutima S.
Published: December 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to choline metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) flower water extract (OSLY) on MASLD with choline metabolism as an underlying mechanism. Rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD received 250–1000 mg/kg bw of OSLY, fenofibrate, or fenofibrate + 1000 mg/kg OSLY combination. Biochemical parameters, choline metabolites, and one-carbon gene transcription were analyzed. OSLY and fenofibrate independently reduced serum LDL cholesterol (p < 0.02), liver cholesterol (p < 0.001), and liver triglyceride levels (p < 0.001) in HFD-fed rats. Only OSLY reduced signs of liver injury and increased serum HDL. Fenofibrate influenced choline metabolism by decreasing liver glycerophosphocholine (GPC; p = 0.04), as well as increasing betaine (p < 0.001) and the betaine:choline ratio (p = 0.02) in HFD-fed rats. Fenofibrate (vs. HFD) increased the expression of one-carbon metabolism genes Mthfd1l, Pemt, Smpd3, and Chka (p < 0.04). The OSLY treatment decreased liver GPC (500 mg dose; p = 0.03) and increased Smpd3 expression (1000 mg dose; p = 0.04). OSLY and fenofibrate showed weak synergistic effects on lipid and choline metabolism. Collectively, OSLY and fenofibrate independently improve lipid profiles in MASLD rats. The benefits of fenofibrate are partially mediated by choline/one-carbon metabolism, while those of OSLY are not mediated by this pathway. Holy basil flower extract merits further development as an alternative medicine for MASLD.
Phosphogypsum as Fertilizer: Impacts on Soil Fertility, Barley Yield Components, and Heavy Metals Contents
Authors: Outbakat M Barka , Bouray Moussa , Choukr-Allah Redouane , El Gharous Mohamed , El Omari Kamal , El Mejahed Khalil
Published: December 2024

According to the FAO, 828 million people were facing acute food insecurity in 2021. Fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement. Therefore, fertilization is a critical input factor in crop production and food security achievement. However, there is room for improvement in the application of fertilizers in certain regions. Thus, new fertilizers with a relatively low cost could enhance farmers’ access to these essential inputs. Phosphogypsum (PG) is used as fertilizer because it contains many nutrients essential for plant growth, including calcium, sulfur, and phosphorus. A two-year field experiment was conducted using two Moroccan PG products (PG1 and PG2, obtained from two different industrial sites), applied at four rates (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 t/ha). The aim was to assess the impact of PG source and rate on barley crops, including yield component, nutrients uptake, and heavy metals content. The study’s findings revealed that as the rate of PG application increased, there were significant enhancements in the number of spikes, tillers, grains, total biomass, grain yield, and thousand-grain weight. In fact, when compared to the control, the application of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 t/ha of PG led to a remarkable increase in grain yield by 21%, 34%, and 39%, respectively. Furthermore, the uptake of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) by the shoots and grains was significantly influenced by the PG application rates, with higher rates resulting in greater nutrient uptake. Notably, the application of PG had no discernible impact on the heavy metal content in shoots, grains, or soil.
Chemical Control of the Invasive Weed Trianthema portulacastrum: Nethouse Studies
Authors: Goldwasser Yaakov , Rabinowitz Onn , Abu-Nasser Jackline , Smirnov Evgeny , Achdary Guy , Eizenberg Hanan
Published: December 2024

Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae), commonly known as desert horse purslane or black pigweed, is a C4 dicot succulent invasive annual plant that is widespread in agricultural fields in Southeast Asia, tropical America, Africa, and Australia. In Israel, Trianthema portulacastrum is an invasive weed of increasing importance in agricultural fields, including mainly corn, tomato, alfalfa watermelon, and groundnut crops. The significance of this weed in crops has been recently reported in neighboring countries of Jordan and Egypt. In previous studies, we have examined and described the spread, biology, and germination requirements of Trianthema portulacastrum in Israel. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of single pre- and post-emergence herbicides and the combination of pre-applied herbicides for the control of this invasive weed in pots in a nethouse. We conducted three sequential experiments in a nethouse: (1) screening of pre-emergence herbicides, (2) screening of post-emergence herbicides, and (3) assessment of residual activity of combined pre-emergence herbicides in three distinct Hula Valley soil types. Efficacy was evaluated through weekly assessments of seedling emergence and vigor, with the final shoot fresh weight determined upon the experiment’s completion. In all experiments, weekly counts and vigor estimation of T. portulacastrum seedlings were conducted, and shoot fresh weights were determined at the end of the experiments. The results of pre-emergence herbicide screening showed that Fomesafen, Terbutryne, Flurochloridon, Sulfosulfuron, Cyrosulfamid + Izoxaflutole, and Dimethenamid were the most effective herbicides, leading to complete eradication of T. portulacastrum plants. Results of the post-emergence screening revealed that Saflufenacil, Foramsulfuron, Tembotrione + Isoxdifen-ethyl, and Rimsulfurom Methyl completely controlled the weed. In the soil residual study, three herbicide combinations (Fomesafen + Terbutryn, Sulfosulfuron + Fomesafen, and Dimethenamid + Flurochloridon) provided effective control across all soil types. These findings provide a foundation for future field trials investigating integrated pre- and post-emergence herbicide programs for T. portulacastrum management in various crops.
Genetic Relationships and Molecular Signatures of Divergence in Traditional Landraces and Morphotypes of Brassica oleracea
Authors: Zuluaga Diana L. , D’Agostino Nunzio , Blanco Emanuela , Curci Pasquale L. , Sonnante Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Brassica oleracea is a complex species incorporating a great variety of vegetable types, including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, and others. Southern Italy, and especially the Puglia region, is rich in B. oleracea landraces. In this study, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was applied to a germplasm panel of 82 samples, mostly landraces and some commercial varieties, belonging to various morphotypes of B. oleracea. Population structure (K = 2), principal component (PCA), and phylogenetic analyses resulted in a general subdivision of our samples into two large lineages: the types used for their leaves (LHL) and those consumed for their flower heads (AIL). Going deeper inside, the different morphotypes were mostly grouped into specific clusters, and a clear separation of particular landraces, such as the Mugnoli and Cima nera broccoli, was observed in the structure analysis (K = 7), as well as in the PCA and in the Neighbor-Joining tree. The calculation of the pairwise fixation index (FST, threshold > 0.50) between LHL and AIL types (based on population structure analysis at K = 2) provided 456 outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Among the corresponding orthologs annotated in Arabidopsis, we identified several genes involved in flower/inflorescence development, cellular proliferation, etc. Overall, our investigation provides useful information on the knowledge of early domesticated landraces of B. oleracea and allows for the attribution of unknown material to the appropriate taxonomical ranking. The analysis of outlier SNPs has highlighted signatures of molecular divergence between LHL and AIL lineages.
Heterologous Expression of a Potential ‘Paulownia fortunei’ MYB Factor Gene, PfMYB90, Improves Salt and Cold Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Hongling , Shi Shizheng , Luo Guijie , Huang Ruifang , Sui Dezong , Gao Yunpeng , Wang Lei
Published: December 2024

The paulownia tree belongs to the Paulowniaceae family. Paulownia has strong vitality; has strong adaptability to harsh environmental conditions; and can be used as building raw material, as well as processing drugs and having other purposes. In the research field of MYB transcription factors of the paulownia tree, it is rare to discuss the resistance to abiotic stress. The research in this area has not received sufficient attention and depth, which also indicates an important potential direction for future research. In this study, we performed bioinformatics analysis of the stress-related gene PfMYB90, a potential transcription factor, and investigated its mechanism of action under salt and cold stresses. PfMYB90 was strongly expressed in the fully unfolded leaf and root of plants in both stress treatments. Transgenic PfMYB90 Arabidopsis plants had a greater survival rate under salt and cold stresses, and the degree of leaf damage was comparatively smaller, according to phenotypic observation and survival rate calculations. By measuring the corresponding physiological indexes after stress and detecting the expression levels of corresponding stress genes (AtNHX1, AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtCBF1, AtCBF3, AtCOR15a, AtRD29a), it was found that after PfMYB90 gene transfer, Arabidopsis showed strong tolerance to salt and cold stresses. This is consistent with the results mentioned above. This transgenic technology enables Arabidopsis to survive under adverse environmental conditions, allowing it to maintain a relatively stable growth state despite salt accumulation and cold stress. Therefore, PfMYB90 may be a key gene in the regulatory network of salt damage and cold damage, as well as one of the key transcription factors for Paulownia fortunei environmental conditions.
Transcriptomic Insights into Higher Anthocyanin Accumulation in ‘Summer Black’ Table Grapes in Winter Crop Under Double-Cropping Viticulture System
Authors: Wang Congqiao , Li Chengyue , Li Youhuan , Zeng Yue , Jiang Jie , Wu Linhui , Yang Siyu , Yuan Dan , Chen Lifang , Pei Zekang , Kayima Viola , Liu Haidi , Qiu Zhipeng , Qiu Dongliang
Published: December 2024

Anthocyanins are responsible for grape (Vitis vinifera L.) skin color. To obtain a more detailed understanding of the anthocyanin regulatory networks across’ the summer and winter seasons in grapes under a double-cropping viticulture system, the transcriptomes of ‘Summer Black’ grapes were analyzed using RNA sequencing. The average daily temperature during the harvest stage in the summer crop, ranging from 26.18 °C to 32.98 °C, was higher than that in the winter crop, ranging from 11.03 °C to 23.90 °C. Grapes from the winter crop accumulated a greater content of anthocyanins than those from the summer crop, peaking in the harvest stage (E-L38) with 207.51 mg·100 g−1. Among them, malvidin-3-O-glucoside (Mv-3-G) had the highest monomer content, accounting for 32%. The content of Cy-3-G during winter increased by 55% compared to summer. KEGG analysis indicated that the flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm—plant pathways are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development. Pearson’s coefficient showed significant positive correlations between anthocyanin content and the VvDFR, VvUFGT, VvOMT, VvMYB, and VvbHLH genes in the winter crop; at full veraison stage, their expressions were 1.34, 1.98, 1.28, 1.17, and 1.34 times greater than in summer, respectively. The higher expression of VvUFGT and VvOMT led to higher contents of Cy-3-G and Mv-3-G in the winter berries, respectively.
High-Throughput Phenotyping for Agronomic Traits in Cassava Using Aerial Imaging
Authors: Nascimento José Henrique Bernardino , Cortes Diego Fernando Marmolejo , Andrade Luciano Rogerio Braatz de , Gallis Rodrigo Bezerra de Araújo , Barbosa Ricardo Luis , Oliveira Eder Jorge de
Published: December 2024

Large-scale phenotyping using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been considered an important tool for plant selection. This study aimed to estimate the correlations between agronomic data and vegetation indices (VIs) obtained at different flight heights and to select prediction models to evaluate the potential use of aerial imaging in cassava breeding programs. Various VIs were obtained and analyzed using mixed models to derive the best linear unbiased predictors, heritability parameters, and correlations with various agronomic traits. The VIs were also used to build prediction models for agronomic traits. Aerial imaging showed high potential for estimating plant height, regardless of flight height (r = 0.99), although lower-altitude flights (20 m) resulted in less biased estimates of this trait. Multispectral sensors showed higher correlations compared to RGB, especially for vigor, shoot yield, and fresh root yield (−0.40 ≤ r ≤ 0.50). The heritability of VIs at different flight heights ranged from moderate to high (0.51 ≤ HCullis2 ≤ 0.94), regardless of the sensor used. The best prediction models were observed for the traits of plant vigor and dry matter content, using the Generalized Linear Model with Stepwise Feature Selection (GLMSS) and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model. The predictive ability for dry matter content increased with flight height for the GLMSS model (R2 = 0.26 at 20 m and R2 = 0.44 at 60 m), while plant vigor ranged from R2 = 0.50 at 20 m to R2 = 0.47 at 40 m in the KNN model. Our results indicate the practical potential of implementing high-throughput phenotyping via aerial imaging for rapid and efficient selection in breeding programs.
Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Management
Authors: Tang Lin
Published: December 2024

Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth; fertile soil provides a habitat with essential nutrients and favorable chemical, physical and biological characteristics to sustain plant growth [...]
Coordinated Operation Strategy of Energy Storages with Reactive Power Compensators in Joint Active and Reactive Power Market Environment
Authors: Zhang He , Xu Ying , Yi Zhongkai , Tu Zhenghong , Rong Shuang , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2024

With the ongoing integration of renewable energy and energy storage into the power grid, the voltage safety issue has become a significant challenge for the distribution power system. Therefore, this study proposes a coordinated operation for energy storage systems with reactive power compensators. Taking into account the benefits of energy storage equipped with reactive power compensators and the market clearing process, a bi-level optimization model is formulated. In the proposed model, the upper-level model formulates the bidding strategy for energy storage and aims at maximizing the energy storage revenue; the lower-level model carries out a market-clearing process that takes into account various constraints for ensuring the safe operation of the grid. Afterward, by applying several math tricks such as the KKT optimality condition, the strong duality theorem, and the big M method, the bi-level equilibrium programming problem is transformed into an equivalent and tractable single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem. The results show that the coordinated operation of energy storage and reactive power compensators increases the benefit of energy storage by 3.47%. The benefit increment and security improvement brought by the collaborative operation of energy storage and reactive power compensators are verified.
An Order-Picking Problem in a Medical Facility Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Denizhan Berrin , Yıldırım Elif , Akkan Öznur
Published: December 2024

Storage operations, order-picking, and product-handling processes have become increasingly important in today’s industrial environment. These operations are a huge burden for businesses in terms of time and cost, but they often do not add direct value to products or services. Therefore, it has become essential to improve the storage operations to the highest quality, reduce the costs arising from storage, and increase customer satisfaction. This study compared genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA) methods with existing real results and operations in order to minimize the distance traveled by the picker in order-picking systems, optimize routes, and increase operational efficiency in the medical textile industry. In the analyses conducted on product-based, list-based, and order-based strategies, real data sets were used to examine the performance of both methods in detail. The study results revealed that GA reduced the total travel distance by 50% and reduced the total number of tours from 51 to 32. In addition, the SA method provided efficient results in certain scenarios, but GA showed superior performance in terms of minimizing the distance and number of tours. While the product-based strategy provided the best results regarding travel distance and number of tours, the list-based approach showed a balanced performance. The study offers significant improvement potential in logistics operations by reducing distances by up to 37% and increasing operational efficiency by up to 50% in order-picking processes.
Gender Dynamics in Online Religious Leadership in Nigeria: Investigating How Digital Platforms Shape Communication, Authority, and Influence
Authors: Oloba Bukola L. , Blankenship Anne M.
Published: December 2024

This study explored the role of digital platforms in shaping gender dynamics within Christian religious leadership in Nigeria. Historically, religious leadership in Nigerian Christianity has been predominantly male-dominated, with women often relegated to subordinate roles despite their significant contributions as preachers, healers, and founders. The advent of digital platforms has introduced a new paradigm, offering both male and female leaders with avenues to expand their communication, authority, and influence. Utilizing mediatization theory, this research investigated how online spaces allow women to bypass traditional patriarchal structures, engage broader audiences, and influence religious narratives. Through in-depth interviews with twenty religious leaders across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones and comment analysis from online community interactions, the study identified eight main themes that reveal the complex interactions between gender, authority, and influence in both digital and offline contexts. The findings suggest that while digital platforms provide women with increased visibility and opportunities, male leaders retain a higher level of authority and reach, even in online spaces. The study highlights the dual nature of digital media as both liberating and limiting for female leaders, presenting an environment where empowerment coexists with persistent gendered expectations. This research contributes to understanding how digital platforms impact gendered access to religious authority, revealing the ongoing struggle for gender equality within Christian leadership in Nigeria.
Strategic Resource Extraction and Recycling from Waste: A Pathway to Sustainable Resource Conservation
Authors: Pitak Inna , Sholokhova Anastasiia , Baltušnikas Arūnas , Kriūkienė Rita
Published: December 2024

This study examines calcium extraction from Bottom Ash (BA) and the use of Solid Residue (SR) as a substitute for White Lump Clay (WLC) in brick production. Experimental analyses identified calcium and silicon as the main elements in BA, with 50% of calcium carbonate recovered through leaching. SR was a viable alternative to WLC in ceramic bricks, as SEM-EDS and FTIR analyses revealed changes in composition and microstructure. This approach promotes circular economy principles by recovering resources and reducing waste. Calcium extraction from BA can produce 29,000 tons of CaCO3 annually for industrial use, while substituting SR for WLC in brick production could replace 30% of clay, saving 1500 tons of clay and producing millions of bricks annually. Less than 50% of incinerated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) would require landfilling. The process supports sustainable construction by conserving natural resources, reducing landfill waste, and lowering CO2 emissions. It offers annual cost savings of 2,639,250 USD and preserves 74,812.5 tons of resources through waste and clay reduction. By demonstrating a scalable model for waste valorization, this research aligns with global goals for sustainable development, resource efficiency, and ecological balance.