bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of European agri-food supply chain using MRP-PCI multicriteria analysis method
Authors: Ricciolini Elena , Rocchi Lucia , Paolotti Luisa , Gennari Nicola , Ottaviani Alessandro , de la Rúa Francisco Ruiz , Boggia Antonio
Published: February 2024

The need for a more sustainable agri-food system is a topic that has attracted growing interest in recent years. Several international and European policies such as Agenda 2030 and the European Green Deal have been defined with the aim of making agri-food systems more sustainable at all stages of the supply chain, from production to consumption. Particularly, the European Union concentrates several policies on it. Therefore, the assessment of the level of sustainability among the states of the European Union is a key aspect to properly address and evaluate the implementation of these policies. The objective of this paper is to measure the sustainability of the global agri-food supply chain (AFSC) of the European Union countries through the application of a multi-criteria analysis. In particular, the method used is the Multiple Reference Point Partially Compensatory Indicator, which allows the creation of composite indicators using different levels of compensation across them. A set of 50 indicators, referred to 2011 and 2019, were built and then divided into the three basic dimensions of sustainability (economic, social and environmental), aggregated into the four main AFSC sectors (agriculture, food industry, distribution, and consumption) in order to obtain an overall sustainability index. Through such an index we provided a sustainability ranking for the EU countries, while the analysis of dimensions of each sector contributed to increase the knowledge about the supply chain that can be used by decision-makers. According to the results, Italy achieved the best level of sustainability of the AFSC with a value of 48.53, followed by Sweden, Austria, Spain, France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Portugal and Slovakia. In relation to the different sectors, the biggest problems were observed in the consumption sector, where most countries did not perform well, especially for the social dimension (e.g. excess of overweight and obese persons). In contrast, the performance of the agricultural sector was good, with few exceptions, showing a fair state of sustainability.
Dual-targeted CAR T-cell immunotherapies for hematological malignancies: latest updates from the 2023 ASH annual meeting
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Guo Hao , Han Lu , Song Yongping , Zhou Keshu
Published: February 2024

Over the past few years, dual-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been employed in the management of hematological malignancies to mitigate treatment failure, particularly in cases of antigen escape. The most widely used approaches include CD19/CD20, CD20/CD22, and BCMA/CD19 CAR T-cells. Alternative immune cells, including natural killer T cells and invariant natural killer T cells, exhibit innate anti-tumor activity and reduced toxicity. This review summarizes several recent clinical trial reports and preclinical studies from the 2023 American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting on dual-targeted CAR T-cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies.
Combining full-length gene assay and SpliceAI to interpret the splicing impact of all possible SPINK1 coding variants
Authors: Wu Hao , Lin Jin-Huan , Tang Xin-Ying , Marenne Gaëlle , Zou Wen-Bin , Schutz Sacha , Masson Emmanuelle , Génin Emmanuelle , Fichou Yann , Le Gac Gerald , Férec Claude , Liao Zhuan , Chen Jian-Min
Published: February 2024

Background

Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) within gene coding sequences can significantly impact pre-mRNA splicing, bearing profound implications for pathogenic mechanisms and precision medicine. In this study, we aim to harness the well-established full-length gene splicing assay (FLGSA) in conjunction with SpliceAI to prospectively interpret the splicing effects of all potential coding SNVs within the four-exon SPINK1 gene, a gene associated with chronic pancreatitis.

Results

Our study began with a retrospective analysis of 27 SPINK1 coding SNVs previously assessed using FLGSA, proceeded with a prospective analysis of 35 new FLGSA-tested SPINK1 coding SNVs, followed by data extrapolation, and ended with further validation. In total, we analyzed 67 SPINK1 coding SNVs, which account for 9.3% of the 720 possible coding SNVs. Among these 67 FLGSA-analyzed SNVs, 12 were found to impact splicing. Through detailed comparison of FLGSA results and SpliceAI predictions, we inferred that the remaining 653 untested coding SNVs in the SPINK1 gene are unlikely to significantly affect splicing. Of the 12 splice-altering events, nine produced both normally spliced and aberrantly spliced transcripts, while the remaining three only generated aberrantly spliced transcripts. These splice-impacting SNVs were found solely in exons 1 and 2, notably at the first and/or last coding nucleotides of these exons. Among the 12 splice-altering events, 11 were missense variants (2.17% of 506 potential missense variants), and one was synonymous (0.61% of 164 potential synonymous variants). Notably, adjusting the SpliceAI cut-off to 0.30 instead of the conventional 0.20 would improve specificity without reducing sensitivity.

Conclusions

By integrating FLGSA with SpliceAI, we have determined that less than 2% (1.67%) of all possible coding SNVs in SPINK1 significantly influence splicing outcomes. Our findings emphasize the critical importance of conducting splicing analysis within the broader genomic sequence context of the study gene and highlight the inherent uncertainties associated with intermediate SpliceAI scores (0.20 to 0.80). This study contributes to the field by being the first to prospectively interpret all potential coding SNVs in a disease-associated gene with a high degree of accuracy, representing a meaningful attempt at shifting from retrospective to prospective variant analysis in the era of exome and genome sequencing.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Liu Qin , Duan Lei , Guo Yun-Hai , Yang Li-Min , Zhang Yi , Li Shi-Zhu , Lv Shan , Hu Wei , Chen Nan-Sheng , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: February 2024

Background

Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) is the unique intermediate host of S. japonicum. A complete genome sequence of O. hupensis will enable the fundamental understanding of snail biology as well as its co-evolution with the S. japonicum parasite. Assembling a high-quality reference genome of O. hupehensis will provide data for further research on the snail biology and controlling the spread of S. japonicum.

Methods

The draft genome was de novo assembly using the long-read sequencing technology (PacBio Sequel II) and corrected with Illumina sequencing data. Then, using Hi-C sequencing data, the genome was assembled at the chromosomal level. CAFE was used to do analysis of contraction and expansion of the gene family and CodeML module in PAML was used for positive selection analysis in protein coding sequences.

Results

A total length of 1.46 Gb high-quality O. hupensis genome with 17 unique full-length chromosomes (2n = 34) of the individual including a contig N50 of 1.35 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 75.08 Mb. Additionally, 95.03% of these contig sequences were anchored in 17 chromosomes. After scanning the assembled genome, a total of 30,604 protein-coding genes were predicted. Among them, 86.67% were functionally annotated. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. hupensis was separated from a common ancestor of Pomacea canaliculata and Bellamya purificata approximately 170 million years ago. Comparing the genome of O. hupensis with its most recent common ancestor, it showed 266 significantly expanded and 58 significantly contracted gene families (P < 0.05). Functional enrichment of the expanded gene families indicated that they were mainly involved with intracellular, DNA-mediated transposition, DNA integration and transposase activity.

Conclusions

Integrated use of multiple sequencing technologies, we have successfully constructed the genome at the chromosomal-level of O. hupensis. These data will not only provide the compressive genomic information, but also benefit future work on population genetics of this snail as well as evolutional studies between S. japonicum and the snail host.

Graphical Abstract
Deaths among adults under supervision of the England and Wales’ probation services: variation in individual and criminal justice-related factors by cause of death
Authors: Slade Karen , Justice Lucy , Martijn Frederica , Borschmann Rohan , Baguley Thom
Published: February 2024

Background

The mortality rate among people under probation supervision in the community is greater than that among incarcerated people and that among the general population. However, there is limited research on the distinct vulnerabilities and risks underlying the causes of death in this population. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the individual and criminal justice-related factors associated with different causes of death. Factors were assessed in relation to the type of supervision, distinguishing between those under post-custodial release and those serving a community sentence.

Results

The study utilised the official data held by His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service in England and Wales on the deaths of men and women under probation supervision between 01 April 2019 and 31 March 2021 where the cause of death had been definitively recorded (n = 1770). The high risk of deaths primarily caused by external factors (i.e., suspected suicide (10%), homicide (5%), and drug-related death (26%)) in this population was confirmed. A Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) demonstrated unique relationships with suspected suicide and drug-related deaths for known suicide risk, history of drug use and recent (< 28 days of death) enforcement action due to a breach of probation conditions. Our findings suggest that that familial violence and abuse may be relevant in suicide and drug-related deaths and that minority groups may experience disproportional risk to certain types of death.

Conclusions

This study identified unique risk indicators and modifiable factors for deaths primarily caused by external factors in this population within the health and justice spheres. It emphasised the importance of addressing health inequalities in this population and improved joint-working across health and justice. This involves ensuring that research, policies, training, and services are responsive to the complex needs of those under probation supervision, including those serving community sentences. Only then can we hope to see lower rates of death within this population.
Iron overload induced submandibular glands toxicity in gamma irradiated rats with possible mitigation by hesperidin and rutin
Authors: Ahmed Salwa Farid , El-Maghraby Eman M. F. , Rashad Maha M. , Bashir Dina W.
Published: February 2024

Background

Radiation triggers salivary gland damage and excess iron accumulates in tissues induces cell injury. Flavonoids are found in some fruits and are utilized as potent antioxidants and radioprotective agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin and rutin on gamma radiation and iron overload induced submandibular gland (SMG) damage and to evaluate their possible impact on mitigating the alteration in mTOR signaling pathway and angiogenesis.

Methods

Forty-eight adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups: group C received a standard diet and distilled water; group H received hesperidin at a dose of 100 mg/kg; four times a week for four weeks; group U received rutin at a dose of 50 mg/kg; three times a week for three weeks; group RF received a single dose (5 Gy) of gamma radiation followed by iron at a dose of 100 mg/kg; five times a week for four weeks; group RFH received radiation and iron as group RF and hesperidin as group H; group RFU received radiation and iron as group RF and rutin as group U. SMG specimens from all groups were removed at the end of the experiment; and some were used for biochemical analysis, while others were fixed for histological and immunohistochemical examination.

Results

In the RF group, several genes related to antioxidants (Nrf-2 and SOD) and DNA damage (BRCA1) were significantly downregulated, while several genes related to inflammation and angiogenesis (TNFα, IL-1β and VEGF) and the mTOR signaling pathway (PIK3ca, AKT and mTOR) were significantly upregulated. Acinar cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear pyknosis, and interacinar hemorrhage with distinct interacinar spaces were observed as histopathological changes in SMGs. The duct system suffered significant damage, eventually degenerating entirely as the cells were shed into the lumina. VEGF and NF-κB were also significantly overexpressed. Hesperidin and rutin cotreatment generated partial recovery as indicated by significant upregulation of Nrf-2, SOD and BRCA1 and considerable downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF, PIK3ca, AKT, and mTOR. Although some acini and ducts continued to deteriorate, most of them had a normal appearance. There was a notable decrease in the expression of VEGF and NF-κB.

Conclusions

In γ-irradiated rats with iron overload, the administration of hesperidin and rutin may mitigate salivary gland damage.
Decoding of the surfaceome and endocytome in primary glioblastoma cells identifies potential target antigens in the hypoxic tumor niche
Authors: de Oliveira Kelin Gonçalves , Bång-Rudenstam Anna , Beyer Sarah , Boukredine Axel , Talbot Hugo , Governa Valeria , Johansson Maria C. , Månsson Ann-Sofie , Forsberg-Nilsson Karin , Bengzon Johan , Malmström Johan , Welinder Charlotte , Belting Mattias
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapies with antibody–drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. However, target identification warrants a better understanding of the surfaceome and how it is modulated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we decode the surfaceome and endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxic stress in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults. We employed a comprehensive approach for global and dynamic profiling of the surfaceome and endocytosed (endocytome) proteins and their regulation by hypoxia in patient-derived GBM cultures. We found a heterogeneous surface-endocytome profile and a divergent response to hypoxia across GBM cultures. We provide a quantitative ranking of more than 600 surface resident and endocytosed proteins, and their regulation by hypoxia, serving as a resource to the cancer research community. As proof-of-concept, the established target antigen CD44 was identified as a commonly and abundantly expressed surface protein with high endocytic activity. Among hypoxia induced proteins, we reveal CXADR, CD47, CD81, BSG, and FXYD6 as potential targets of the stressed GBM niche. We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. Selected candidates were finally confronted by treatment studies, showing their high capacity for internalization and ADC delivery. Importantly, we highlight the limited correlation between transcriptomics and proteomics, emphasizing the critical role of membrane protein enrichment strategies and quantitative mass spectrometry. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the surface-endocytome and its remodeling by hypoxia in GBM as a resource for exploration of targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM.
Method development for 14C-labeling of IgG antibodies in preparation for clinical trials
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Kwak Jae-Hwan , Jung Jae-Kyung , Hyun Soonsil
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Carbon-14 (14C) labeling is a standard technology for tracing molecules and providing their pharmacokinetic profiles. However, its primary focus has been on small molecules, with limited application to biomacromolecules. Particularly in the development of new biological entities (NBE), the utilization of microdosing with a 14C-labeled biomacromolecule proves beneficial in the early stages of drug development, contributing to significant time and cost savings. This study investigates the 14C-labeling of antibody and explores the stability of 14C-labeled antibody under various storage conditions.

Methods and results

In this study, the utilization of 14C-formaldehyde for labeling target antibodies at various molar ratios revealed a direct correlation between labeling efficiency and the quantity of 14C-formaldehyde applied: 1.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, 3.8 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde, and 10.5 mol/mol for 14C-labeled antibody with the use of 60 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde. All the reaction conditions exhibited no antibody degradation, as evidenced by the absence of a significant change in HPLC purity compared to the unlabeled antibody. Stability tests revealed that all groups maintained their purities over a 4-week period at both − 75 ± 10 °C and 5 ± 3 °C. Given safety concerns related to internal radiation exposure in potential human subjects during microdosing, this study established optimal conditions for employing 14C-labeled antibodies. Therefore, it is optimized that 10 equivalents of 14C-formaldehyde can be used for 14C-antibody labeling through reductive amination, storing the antibodies at 5 ± 3 °C, and assigning a storage period of 4 weeks.

Conclusion

The findings from this study offer valuable insights into the effective application of 14C-labeling in microdosing studies, especially for larger molecules such as antibodies.
Unit-to-unit transfer due to shortage of intensive care beds in Sweden 2015–2019 was associated with a lower risk of death but a longer intensive care stay compared to no transfer: a registry study
Authors: Rylander Christian , Sternley Jesper , Petzold Max , Oras Jonatan
Published: February 2024

Background

Intensive care unit-to-unit transfer due to temporary shortage of beds is increasing in Sweden. Transportation induces practical hazards, and the change of health care provider may prolong the length of stay in intensive care. We previously showed that the risk of death at 90 days did not differ between patients transferred due to a shortage of beds and non-transferred patients with a similar burden of illness in a tertiary intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to widen the analysis to a nation-wide cohort of critically ill patients transferred to another intensive care unit in Sweden due to shortage of intensive care beds.

Methods

Retrospective comparison between capacity transferred and non-transferred patients, based on data from the Swedish Intensive Care Registry during a 5-year period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with insufficient data entries or a recurring capacity transfer within 90 days were excluded. To assess the association between capacity transfer and death as well as intensive care stay within 90 days after ICU admission, logistic regression models with step-wise adjustment for SAPS3 score, primary ICD-10 ICU diagnosis and the number of days in the intensive care unit before transfer were applied.

Results

From 161,140 eligible intensive care admissions, 2912 capacity transfers were compared to 135,641 discharges or deaths in the intensive care unit. Ninety days after ICU admission, 28% of transferred and 21% of non-transferred patients were deceased. In the fully adjusted model, capacity transfer was associated with a lower risk of death within 90 days than no transfer; OR (95% CI) 0.71 (0.65–0.69) and the number of days spent in intensive care was longer: 12.4 [95% CI 12.2–12.5] vs 3.3 [3.3–3.3].

Conclusions

Intensive care unit-to-unit transfer due to shortage of bed capacity as compared to no transfer during a 5-year period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden was associated with lower risk of death within 90 days but with longer stay in intensive care.
Association of healthy eating index and anthropometric indices among primary school girls in southeast of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jannati Nooshin , Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Azadbakht Leila
Published: February 2024

Background

The school-age period is marked by substantial advancements in physical and cognitive development, highlighting the importance of assessing the diet quality and its impact on body weight and height. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and selected anthropometric indices of primary school girls in southeast of Iran using the healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015).

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 330 students aged 6–12 years from 10 primary schools in Kerman City. Standard protocols and a dish-based food frequency questionnaire were employed to evaluate anthropometric indices and dietary intake. The HEI-2015 was utilized to assess the quality of participants’ diets, with a total score ranging from zero to 100, based on thirteen food score components.

Results

In the present study, older participants had higher HEI scores (p = 0.02). Additionally, participants in the highest tertile of HEI score had greaterodds of being overweight (OR: 2.13; CI = 1.17–3.85, P = 0.011) and had higher intakes of whole fruits, total fruits including fruit juice, whole grains, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, greens, and beans (p < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between HEI score and other anthropometric indices, obesity, and thinness.

Conclusions

The study found no significant association between HEI scores and the likelihood of being thin or obese. However, children with the highest HEI scores were more likely to beoverweight. Therefore, it is recommended to implement health programs for primary school girls in Kerman to improve their eating habits and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity.
Proximal factors influencing the likelihood of married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone to use contraceptives. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Osborne Augustus , Bangura Camilla
Published: February 2024

Background

In the tapestry of reproductive health in Sierra Leone, where maternal mortality remains a poignant thread, understanding contraceptive use intentions among married and cohabiting women emerges as a vital motive. This study examines the intention to use contraceptives among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone.

Methods

The study analysed the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 7846 married and cohabiting women comprised the study. A multivariable binary regression analysis was used to examine the predictors of intention to use contraceptives. The regression results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

The proportion of intention to use contraceptives among married and cohabiting women was 47% in Sierra Leone. Married and cohabiting women living in the eastern region (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.30), southern region (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.01), secondary education (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.01), listen to the radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55), and four or more births (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.23, 3.96) had higher odds of being associated with intention to use contraceptives. The propensity to utilise contraceptives among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone declined as their age increased, especially women aged 45–49 (AOR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.11) who had the least intention of using contraceptives. Married women (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.39, 0.72) and women who read magazines or newspapers at least once a week(AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.36, 1.o4) had lower odds of contraceptive use intention.

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that there is a moderate yet encouraging intention to use contraception among married and cohabiting women in Sierra Leone. Factors like residing in the eastern and southern regions, having secondary education, having more children and regular radio listening are associated with higher contraceptive use intentions. Older women, especially those nearing the end of their childbearing years, have the lowest intention. Married women and regular magazine or newspaper readers were less likely to intend to use contraceptives. These findings call for targeted interventions focusing on rural areas, women with lower education, and older women.
Comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in single and multiple birth neonates
Authors: Johari Mohammadkarim , Karimi Afshin , Mojarad Mohammadreza , Heydari Mojtaba
Published: February 2024

Aim

To conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in single- and multiple-born neonates.

Methods

In a retrospective evaluation of 521 premature neonates, encompassing singletons, twins, and triplets born at or before 34 weeks of gestational age with a birthweight of less than 2000 g and who completed the ROP screening program, between 2020 and 2023, in outpatient referral ROP screening clinic affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were included. Neonates with the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the screening program from 28 days old age and followed up to discharge or treatment based on national ROP screening guideline. Data on ROP severity, outcome, treatment modality, and risk factors, including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), sex, duration of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, method of delivery, and maternal and neonatal comorbidities, were extracted and compared between premature neonates from singleton and multiple births.

Results

The analysis of the ROP severity distribution revealed 238 neonates (45.7%) with low-risk (type 2 prethreshold ROP or less severe) ROP and 16 (3.1%) with high-risk (type I prethreshold ROP or more severe) ROP who underwent treatment. According to the comparative analysis of risk factors in neonates with ROP requiring treatment, multiple birth neonates exhibited significantly greater GA (27.50 ± 3.27 vs. 30.00 ± 2.00 vs. 31.14 ± 0.38 weeks, p = 0.032 for singletons, twins and triplets, respectively); greater BW (861.67 ± 274.62 vs. 1233.33 ± 347.75 vs. 1537.14 ± 208.86 g, p = 0.002); and shorter duration of NICU admission (60.17 ± 21.36 vs. 34.00 ± 12.17 vs. 12.00 ± 6.32 days, p = 0.001) and oxygen supplementation (47.33 ± 16.57 vs. 36.00 ± 8.49 vs. 4.60 ± 2.41 days, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between single-born neonates and multiple-born neonates regarding the prevalence of other risk factors. Multiple-born neonates with no ROP and low risk ROP showed significantly lower GA and BW compared to singletons (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Multiple gestation neonates may develop high-risk ROP requiring treatment at a greater gestational age and birth weight and at a lower duration of oxygen supplementation and NICU admission compared to the single birth neonates. This pattern prompts a reevaluation of screening criteria, suggesting a potential need to consider multiple birth neonates with lower traditional risk factors in screening programs. This pattern should be further evaluated in larger populations of multiple born premature neonates.
Recent developments in anthropological methods for the study of complex societies
Authors: Zhou Daming , Xiao Mingyuan
Published: February 2024

The focus of traditional anthropology has been on the “simple and primitive” tribal societies that still exist. The question of how anthropology can carry on to study complex civilizations, especially those with a long history like Chinese civilization, has gained attention due to the discipline’s development and expansion. Anthropologists around the world have developed several significant research methods in the study of complex societies in response to this challenge. Taking anthropology research in China as an example, these methods include not only the summary and improvement of Western anthropological methods applied by Chinese scholars to Chinese practice but also methodological innovations based on traditional Chinese research paradigms and explorations of anthropological fieldwork methods in the digital age. In China, the latest advancements in anthropological methods for studying complex societies can be seen in historical anthropology, multi-sited ethnography, internet anthropology, and Rapid Anthropological Assessment. This effectively responds to many doubts about whether anthropological fieldwork methods are capable of studying complex societies and spurred anthropology’s reciprocal adaptation to new fields of study and contemporary needs. In this sense, anthropological research on complex societies is entirely possible, feasible, and necessary.
Recent advances in the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids: a systematic review
Authors: Clément Pierrick , Schlage Walter K. , Hoeng Julia
Published: February 2024

Background

The primary components driving the current commercial fascination with cannabis products are phytocannabinoids, a diverse group of over 100 lipophilic secondary metabolites derived from the cannabis plant. Although numerous phytocannabinoids exhibit pharmacological effects, the foremost attention has been directed towards Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol, the two most abundant phytocannabinoids, for their potential human applications. Despite their structural similarity, THC and cannabidiol diverge in terms of their psychotropic effects, with THC inducing notable psychological alterations. There is a clear need for accurate and rapid THC measurement methods that offer dependable, readily accessible, and cost-effective analytical information. This review presents a comprehensive view of the present state of alternative technologies that could potentially facilitate the creation of portable devices suitable for on-site usage or as personal monitors, enabling non-intrusive THC measurements.

Method

A literature survey from 2017 to 2023 on the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect THC in biofluids was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A systematic review of available literature was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic.

Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Eighty-nine studies met the selection criteria. Fifty-seven peer-reviewed studies were related to the detection of THC by conventional separation techniques used in analytical laboratories that are still considered the gold standard. Studies using optical (n = 12) and electrochemical (n = 13) portable sensors and biosensors were also identified as well as commercially available devices (n = 7).

Discussion

The landscape of THC detection technology is predominantly shaped by immunoassay tests, owing to their established reliability. However, these methods have distinct drawbacks, particularly for quantitative analysis. Electrochemical sensing technology holds great potential to overcome the challenges of quantification and present a multitude of advantages, encompassing the possibility of miniaturization and diverse modifications to amplify sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, these sensors have considerable limitations, including non-specific interactions and the potential interference of compounds and substances existing in biofluids.

Conclusion

The foremost challenge in THC detection involves creating electrochemical sensors that are both stable and long-lasting while exhibiting exceptional selectivity, minimal non-specific interactions, and decreased susceptibility to matrix interferences. These aspects need to be resolved before these sensors can be successfully introduced to the market.
Gastrosplenic fistula due to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: case report
Authors: Elsahhar Ahmed , Salem Amr Muhammad Abdo , Gomaa Nada , Arafa Maha , Elsahhar Ghada
Published: February 2024

Background

Gastrosplenic fistula (GSF) is a rare complication of various benign and malignant etiologies. Splenic lymphoma is the most common cause of GSF. Most cases are due to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Case presentation

A 39-year-old male patient presented at the emergency department with left upper quadrant abdominal pain. CT scan showed necrotic splenic mass with fistulous tract between the spleen and the gastric cavity. The patient underwent splenectomy and partial gastrectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was DLBCL.

Conclusions

Gastrosplenic fistula is a rare complication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Radiologists should be aware of it and consider it in the diagnosis.
Examining the global influence of e-governance on corruption: a panel data analysis
Authors: Seiam Dina Ali , Salman Doaa
Published: February 2024

This study analyzes the impact of e-governance on corruption using a panel dataset comprising 110 countries over the period from 2003 to 2021. The specific focus of the research is on the relationship between the E-government Development Index (EGDI) and its four components, namely the Online Service Index (OSI), Human Capital Index (HCI), Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII), and E-Participation Index (EPI), and their effects on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). To examine these relationships, the empirical analysis employs a fixed effect model, which is a suitable statistical approach for panel data analysis. The findings of the study reveal significant negative associations between the EGDI, OSI, HCI, and TII with corruption levels across countries worldwide. This implies that higher levels of e-government development, online service provision, human capital, and telecommunication infrastructure are associated with lower corruption perceptions. However, the EPI does not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with the CPI. Based on these results, the paper provides recommendations for governments to prioritize two key areas. Firstly, governments should invest in the development of e-government infrastructure to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public administration, thereby reducing corruption. Secondly, initiatives aimed at enhancing public awareness and understanding of e-governance should be prioritized, as they contribute to increased citizen engagement and participation, which can ultimately lead to improved governance practices and reduced corruption levels.
Efficacy evaluation of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose combination on glycaemic and insulin resistance parameters in adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dubey Vishal , Kansagra Jignesh , Sureja Varun , Kheni Dharmeshkumar
Published: February 2024

Background

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases with high rate of morbidity and mortality. The increased level of blood glucose level and increased insulin resistance is the hallmark of diabetes. Currently, various non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapeutic options are used for lowering the glucose level and improving the insulin activity. The current systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose nutraceutical combination on serum glucose and glycated haemoglobin level and insulin resistance parameters.

Main Body

Randomized controlled trials, identified from three online databases, evaluating the efficacy of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum fixed dose combination were identified and evaluated as per pre-defined protocol. Quality of studies was evaluated using PEDro scale, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Pooled effect was reported as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval, while the complete study was conducted as per PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. After complete literature screening and evaluation process, seven studies were included in the final analysis. Data of 825 participants (active group: 416 participants and control group: 409 participants) were utilized for the statistical analysis. All included studies (except one) were of good quality. Supplementation of fixed dose combination significantly reduced glucose level (MD: − 5.26 mg/dl; p = 0.02) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level (MD: − 0.69%; p < 0.0001) as compared to control therapy, while greater insulin resistance reduction was observed in active group and the difference approached significance (MD: − 0.64 HOMA-IR score; p = 0.08). Risk of bias analysis revealed some concerns regarding biasness (mainly due to randomization, outcome measurement and selected reporting biasness). All included studies had moderate risk of biasness. Sensitivity analysis revealed effect of particular study on overall heterogeneity observed, while neither significant publication bias nor any missing study was observed.

Conclusion

The results of current study suggest that B. aristata and S. marianum fixed dose combination is effective in improving glycaemic and insulin parameters and can be effective in diabetic population. The observed sensitivity of certain studies on overall heterogeneity and the moderate risk of biasness warrants further well-designed clinical studies to strengthen the results of current study.
Tracheal and subglottic dimensions: a computed tomography cross section study of adult population
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , El-Hussiny Ashraf , Osman Haitham , Mobasher Mohamed Adel
Published: February 2024

Background

The computed tomography (CT) details of the dimensions of the trachea and the subglottic area are not fully covered in the literature, so it is important to build up a database for the CT measurements of that area. Preoperative details of the trachea are crucial prior to any approach or procedure involving the trachea. So, the aim of this study was to determine the different dimensions of the trachea and subglottic area by computed tomography (CT).

Methods

From 100 CTs of the trachea acquiring the axial images via the multiplanar reformates for all subjects to get the delicate details measuring the transverse diameter (width) and the anteroposterior diameter (depth) of the trachea and subglottic area.

Results

The mean tracheal width was 15.5 ± 2.1 mm (range = 11.5–21.7), and its mean anteroposterior diameter was 16.56 ± 2.77 mm (range = 11.8–25.1), while the mean width of the subglottic area was 15.1 ± 1.86 mm (range = 12.3–21.1), and its mean anteroposterior diameter was 17.75 + 2.76 (range = 12.9–25.2). All the dimensions of the trachea and the subglottic area were found significantly smaller in female than males. There was positive correlation between anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the trachea with the subglottic area with more tendency for more subglottic area dimension with increase tracheal dimensions and vice versa.

Conclusion

The current work updates the CT knowledge about the tracheal and subglottic area dimensions enhancing the surgeons, anesthetist, and radiologists data and orientation of the tracheal dimensions and could aid effective and safe tracheolaryngeal surgery.
Left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm after ventricular septal dissection closure: a case report
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryo , Ohki Satoshi , Yasuhara Kiyomitsu , Okonogi Shuichi , Nagasawa Ayako , Miki Takao , Kato Yusuke , Obayashi Tamiyuki
Published: February 2024

Background

Left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm is a rare complication of myocardial infarction and generally caused by an intramyocardial dissecting hematoma due to a fragile myocardium. The serpiginous dissecting case of ventricular septal perforation has an entry port in the left ventricle and exit port in the right ventricle, and the entry port must be closed to leave the dissected chamber on the low-pressure right side for treatment. Herein, we report a case of a large left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm that was unaccompanied by a shunt after the surgical repair of a ventricular septal dissection.

Case presentation

A 72-year-old woman underwent percutaneous coronary intervention to the right coronary artery; 3 days later, she was urgently referred to our hospital with ventricular septal perforation. The patient was treated with sandwich patch repair via a right ventricular incision. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual shunt. However, 3 months postoperatively, enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a large left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm bulging on the right ventricular side, causing congestive heart failure. An intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted for treatment. In our case, the left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm was caused by the closure of only the exit port in the right ventricle and insufficient closure of the entry port in the left ventricle during ventricular septal dissection. Therefore, we closed the entry port through a pseudo-false aneurysm using a Dacron patch during the second surgery.

Conclusions

Recognizing and identifying the ventricular septal dissection after myocardial infarction are crucial for providing the best treatment and surgical approaches. When ventricular septal dissection is treated using sandwich patch repair via a right ventricular incision, the entry port in the left ventricle must be securely closed with a large patch using transmural mattress sutures.
Etch a Sketch
Authors: Tong Wendy
Published: February 2024

This poem imagines being on the receiving end of bad news and seeks the little joys as solace.
Direct Clinical Pharmacist-Patient Telephone Follow-Up: A Focus on GI Medical Oncology Symptom Management
Authors: Rogers Jane E. , Zadlo Jennifer , Leung Cheuk Hong , Nguyen Van , Leung Michael , Mace Morgan , Covert Wendy , Smack Makenna , Sirisaengtaksin Amanda , Diao Stacy , Fang Zhou , Landgraf Oholendt Andrea
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE

GI medical oncology care presents unique medication challenges. Here, we captured our clinical pharmacy specialists' (CPSs) involvement in patients with GI cancers starting cycle 1 of a new treatment.

METHODS

Our quality initiative was performed in three stages (preintervention, intervention, and postintervention). Preintervention: retrospective baseline data collection from May to December 2019. Intervention: one-time telephone encounters were conducted by a CPS between March 15 and June 11, 2021. The primary objective of the quality improvement initiative was to increase patient interaction with a CPS to 80%. Postintervention: data collection to review the impact of CPS telephone encounters.

RESULTS

Preintervention: we reviewed the electronic health records of 262 patients. Sixty nine percent of patients reported at least one adverse event (AE; range 1-6 AEs) at the first physician follow-up after treatment start. Most reported AEs (78%) were considered modifiable within the scope of CPS practice. Postintervention: during the intervention, 92% of patients (n = 389) received a telehealth encounter with the CPS. At the encounter, 315 patients (81%) reported at least one AE. CPS provided recommendations and/or additional education for 88% of reported AEs. Medication lists required correction 75% of the time. The median time for CPS encounters (including documentation) was 40 minutes.

CONCLUSION

During a 3-month period, this quality improvement initiative successfully provided an early CPS-based telehealth intervention to identify and make initial recommendations for management of AEs for patients on cycle 1 of systemic therapy for GI cancer.
Critical behavior in the
ferromagnet
Authors: Lin Jun-Fa , Wang Huan , Xu Sheng , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zeng Xiang-Yu , Dai Zheng-Yi , Gong Jing , Han Kun , Wang Yi-Ting , Ma Xiao-Ping , Xia Tian-Long
Published: February 2024

High-Curie-temperature ferromagnets are promising candidates for designing new spintronic devices. Here we have successfully synthesized the single crystal of the itinerant ferromagnet Mn5Ge3 using flux method. Its critical properties were investigated by means of bulk dc magnetization at the boundary of the paramagnetic (PM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phase to determine intrinsic magnetic interactions. Critical exponents

with a critical temperature

K and

with

K are acquired by the modified Arrott plot, whereas

is deduced by a critical isotherm analysis at

K. The self-consistency and reliability of these critical exponents are verified by the Widom scaling law and the scaling equations. Further analysis reveals that the spin interaction in Mn5Ge3 exhibits three-dimensional Ising-like behavior. The magnetic exchange interaction is found to decay as

, meaning that the spin interactions exceed the nearest neighbors, which may be related to the different Mn-Mn interactions with inequal exchange strengths.
Storage cell proliferation during somatic growth establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic organisms
Authors: Quiroga-Artigas Gonzalo , Moriel-Carretero María
Published: February 2024

Tardigrades, microscopic ecdysozoans known for extreme environment resilience, were traditionally believed to maintain a constant cell number after completing embryonic development, a phenomenon termed eutely. However, sporadic reports of dividing cells have raised questions about this assumption. In this study, we explored tardigrade post-embryonic cell proliferation using the model species Hypsibius exemplaris. Comparing hatchlings to adults, we observed an increase in the number of storage cells, responsible for nutrient storage. We monitored cell proliferation via 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, revealing large numbers of EdU+ storage cells during growth, which starvation halted. EdU incorporation associated with molting, a vital post-embryonic development process involving cuticle renewal for further growth. Notably, DNA replication inhibition strongly reduced EdU+ cell numbers and caused molting-related fatalities. Our study is the first to demonstrate using molecular approaches that storage cells actively proliferate during tardigrade post-embryonic development, providing a comprehensive insight into replication events throughout their somatic growth. Additionally, our data underscore the significance of proper DNA replication in tardigrade molting and survival. This work definitely establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic, and offers insights into cell cycle regulation, replication stress, and DNA damage management in these remarkable creatures as genetic manipulation techniques emerge within the field.