bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical importance of the hole-transporter and emission layer interface for prolonging lifetime in a phosphor-sensitized hyper-OLED based on an MR-TADF emitter
Authors: Kori Yuma , Nemma Haruki , Dehao Jiang , Meguro Naoki , Mimura Ryunosuke , Kido Junji , Sasabe Hisahiro
Published: January 2025

A green hyper OLED with CIE (0.31, 0.66), 159.9 lm W−1, and LT95/90 lifetimes of 600/2400 hours at 1000 cd m−2 was developed by preventing carrier trapping with MR-TADF emitter at hole-transporter/emission layer interface.
Correction: From photocatalysis to photon–phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products
Authors: Wang Hui , Harkou Eleana , Constantinou Achilleas , Al-Salem Sultan M. , Manos George , Tang Junwang
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘From photocatalysis to photon–phonon co-driven catalysis for methanol reforming to hydrogen and valuable by-products’ by Hui Wang et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00551a.
Correction: Linolenic acid ameliorates sarcopenia in C. elegans by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Xueyi , Zhang Tao , Guo Yiwen , Pei Wenjun , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Linolenic acid ameliorates sarcopenia in C. elegans by promoting mitophagy and fighting oxidative stress’ by Lu Zhang et al., Food Funct., 2023, 14, 1498–1509, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO02974J.
The conceptual design of the 50-meter Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST)
Authors: Mroczkowski Tony , Gallardo Patricio A. , Timpe Martin , Kiselev Aleksej , Groh Manuel , Kaercher Hans , Reichert Matthias , Cicone Claudia , Puddu Roberto , Dubois-dit-Bonclaude Pierre , Bok Daniel , Dahl Erik , Macintosh Mike , Dicker Simon , Viole Isabelle , Sartori Sabrina , Valenzuela Venegas Guillermo Andrés , Zeyringer Marianne , Niemack Michael , Poppi Sergio , Olguin Rodrigo , Hatziminaoglou Evanthia , De Breuck Carlos , Klaassen Pamela , Montenegro-Montes Francisco Miguel , Zimmerer Thomas
Published: January 2025

The (sub)millimeter sky contains a vast wealth of information that is both complementary and inaccessible to other wavelengths. Over half the light we receive is observable at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, yet we have mapped only a small portion of the sky at sufficient spatial resolution and sensitivity to detect and resolve distant galaxies or star-forming cores within their large- scale environments. For decades, the astronomical community has highlighted the need for a large, high-throughput (sub)millimeter (λ ~ 0.35–10 mm) single dish. The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), with its 50-m aperture and 2° maximal field of view, aims to be such a facility. We present here the preliminary design concept for AtLAST, developed through an EU Horizon 2020-funded design study. Our design approach begins with a long lineage of (sub)millimeter telescopes, relies on calculations and simulations to realize the optics, and uses finite element analysis to optimize the conceptual designs for the mechanical structure and subsystems. The demanding technical requirements for AtLAST, set by transformative science goals, have motivated the design effort to combine novel concepts with lessons learned from previous efforts. The result is an innovative rocking chair design with six instrument bays, two of which are mounted on Nasmyth platforms, inside a large receiver cabin. Ultimately, AtLAST aims to achieve a surface accuracy of a ≤20 µm root mean square half wavefront error, corresponding to the goal of a Ruze efficiency of >50% at 950 GHz. We conclude that a closed-loop metrology of the active primary surface will be required to achieve our surface accuracy goal. In the next phase of the project, we shall prototype and test such a metrology on existing platforms, with the goal of delivering a mature, construction-ready design by the end of this decade.
The relation between black hole spin, star formation rate, and black hole mass for supermassive black holes
Authors: Chen Yongyun , Gu Qiusheng , Fan Junhui , Guo Xiaotong , Xiong Dingrong , Yu Xiaoling , Zhong Xiaogu , Ding Nan
Published: January 2025

Both theoretical models and observational evidence indicate that jets and/or outflows driven by central active supermassive black holes exert a significant feedback effect on the overall properties of their host galaxies. Theoretical models suggest that the spin of supermassive black holes drives relativistic jets. Therefore, we investigate the relationship between black hole spin, star formation rate, and black hole mass using a sample of 48 low-redshift supermassive black holes. By performing multiband fitting of spectral energy distribution, we derive the star formation rates and stellar masses of the host galaxies harbouring these supermassive black holes. Our main results are as follows: (i) For black holes with masses MBH ≲ 106.5 M⊙, the spin increases with increasing black hole mass, suggesting that black hole growth is primarily driven by gas accretion, particularly in the coherent gas accretion regime. Conversely, for black holes with masses MBH ≳ 107.5 M⊙, the spin decreases with increasing black hole mass, indicating that growth occurs mainly through mergers, inducing chaotic accretion. (ii) At low star formation rates, black hole spin increases with increasing star formation rates, consistent with gas accretion. However, at high star formation rates, black hole spin decreases with increasing star formation rates, suggesting black hole mergers. The value of the black hole spin may be used to diagnose the star formation rate of the host galaxies through active galactic nuclei activities. (iii) Our data and analysis confirm the well-known relation between stellar mass and black hole mass, with the fitting function log MBH = 0.57log M* + 1.94.
Cold gas bubble inflated by a low-luminosity radio jet
Authors: Murthy Suma , Morganti Raffaella , Oosterloo Tom , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Bayram Suude , Guillard Pierre , Wagner Alexander Y. , Bicknell Geoffrey
Published: January 2025

We present NOEMA CO(2–1) observations of a nearby, young, low-luminosity radio source, B2 0258+35. Our earlier CO(1–0) study had shown the presence of strong jet-ISM interaction and a massive molecular gas outflow involving 75% of the circumnuclear gas. Our follow-up CO(2–1) observations have revealed even more complex gas kinematics, where the southern radio jet is driving out molecular gas in the form of a swiftly expanding bubble, with velocities up to almost 400 km s−1. We found highly elevated CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) line ratios for the gas belonging to the bubble and also further away from the radio jets. Previous observations have shown that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the host galaxy, NGC 1167, is in a very low-accretion state. Thus, we attribute the high line ratios to the high gas excitation caused by the jet–ISM interaction. The radio jets, despite exhibiting a relatively low luminosity (1.3 × 1044 erg s−1), are solely responsible for the observed extreme gas kinematics. This is one of the clearest detections of an expanding cold gas bubble in such a type of source, showing that the jets are affecting both the kinematics and physicals conditions of the gas. Our study adds to the growing store of evidence that low-luminosity radio sources can also affect the kinematics and physical conditions of the cold gas, which fuels star formation, in their host galaxies to a significant extent. Hence, such sources should be considered in models seeking to quantify feedback from radio AGN.
Innovative Technologies for Studying the Impact of Climate Change on River Basins in the Guba-Khachmaz Region of Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseynova Gumru , Valiyeva Asmar , Tahmezli Elvira , Surkhayli Sanan , Tahmezli Matanat
Published: January 2025

It is believed that multivariate analysis for water quality management of Guba-Khachmaz economic region, which includes Shabran, Khachmaz, Guba, Gusar and Siyazan districts in the northeastern part of the Republic of Azerbaijan, will be more useful in terms of interpreting quality data. It is possible to prepare a large database for forecasting by integrating accurate results of spatial image analysis into the GIS database from time to time. The application of this approach is recommended in studying the current environmental situation of Guba-Khachmaz economic region of the Republic of Azerbaijan and in analyzing the current and expected impacts of climate change. The application of modern trends and technological innovations is the most effective method to combat and prevent this global crisis. As a result of the studies, it was determined that the most effective way to obtain, collect and analyze information on the impacts of climate change in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, including Guba- Khachmaz economic region, is the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The general monitoring framework was applied to analyze changes in climate characteristics in large regions at different time scales. The study further shows that online approaches such as GEE combined with remote sensing datasets are useful for monitoring climate change impacts, especially in semi-arid and arid regions, to model dynamic climate changes. In summary, the results of this study are of great importance to water resource planners and managers and make a significant contribution to the advancement of GIS science through the application and identification of effective methods for mapping climate change impacts on water resources.
Effects of Forest Area, Environmental Patents And Financial Progress on Carbon Emissions in Azerbaijan
Authors: Korkut Pata Ugur , Karlilar Pata Selin
Published: January 2025

Decarbonization is at the top of the global agenda, with many countries setting net zero emissions sustainable development goals. Azerbaijan is a country that has managed to significantly reduce its carbon emissions in recent years, and analyzing the determinants of carbon emissions is important for Azerbaijan to continue this success. In this context, the study aims to examine the impact of forest area, financial development, environmental patents and economic growth on carbon emissions according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for Azerbaijan over the period 1992-2021. To this end, the study tests the validity of the EKC using the ARDL approach. In addition, the study shows that financial development increases environmental problems, environmental patents have no effect on carbon emissions, and forest area is a critical factor for decarbonization. In light of these results, the government of Azerbaijan should expand its policies to promote afforestation in order to achieve a zero-carbon economy.
Evaluating the effects of hand weeding and selective herbicides on weeds control and maize (Zea mays L.) traits
Authors: Fakhari Rasoul , Moharramnejad Sajjad , Didehbaz Moghanlo Ghorban , Mammadova Ruhangiz
Published: January 2025

An experiment was performed with a randomized complete block design and four replications at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Moghan during 2021-2022. The herbicides included Amaize-ing (terbuthylazine, 50% SC), Isoxaflutel + Tincarbazone (Adango 46.5% SC), Mesotrione + S-metolachlor + Lumax (Lumax 53.75% SE), U46 Combi Fluid (2. 4, D + MCPA 67.5% SL), Bromicide MA (Bromoxynil + MCPA 40% EC), Bromicide MA (Bromoxynil + MCPA 40% EC) + Cruze (Nicosulfuron 4% SC). The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatments in terms of weeds density, weeds dry weight, maize grain yield, chlorophyll index (SPAD), leaf weight, proline, and catalase enzyme activity. The use of 1.8 and 2 L. ha-1 treatments of Amaize-ing, Adengo, Lumax, U46 Combi Fluid, Bromicid MA and Bromicid MA + Cruze herbicides had a favorable effect on weeds and resulted in a 20 to 30% increase in maize yield for these herbicides. The results showed that the highest chlorophyll content and leaf weight of maize was associated with treatments of Adengo, Lumax, U46 Combi Fluid, Bromicide MA and Bromicide MA + Cruze. But the Amaize-ing herbicide had a lower effect on leaf weight of maize. Also, increasing the dose of Amaize-ing increased the proline content and activity of catalase enzyme in maize.
Sustainable Homestay Tourism for Enhancing Rural Livelihood in the Uttarakhand Himalaya: A Study of the Tons River Basin
Authors: Prasad Sati Vishwambhar , Banergee Surajit
Published: January 2025

The Himalayan region provides a suitable basis for practicing various types of tourism due to its unique and spectacular landscape, varied climate, forest diversity, and rich cultural heritage. However, the people of the Himalayan region face poverty, and the area lacks adequate infrastructure, particularly in terms of accommodation and transportation. Sustainable homestay tourism can enhance rural livelihoods and promote various forms of tourism in the Himalaya. This study examines the role of sustainable homestay tourism in enhancing rural livelihood in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Data were collected from the secondary sources and through case studies of five villages located along the Tons River valley. A report of homestay tourism of the State Government was considered for gathering data. For the case study, the heads of two households from each village were interviewed, totalling 10 interviewees. Each interviewee operates a homestay for tourists, with the number of available beds ranging from a minimum of four to a maximum of ten. However, the quality of the homestays is not optimal. This study suggests that more farmers should engage in homestay tourism, offering suitable accommodation, local food and beverages, and cultural performances that reflect the heritage of the region. Sustainable homestay tourism can enhance rural livelihoods while strengthening the region’s cultural identity.
Integrated Identification and Efficient Use of Biodiversity in Mountainous Regions
Authors: Mehdiyeva A. M. , Mahmudova Z. A. , Rustamova D. F. , Mansurova D. , Juraeva G.
Published: January 2025

The article studies the comprehensive identification and efficient use of biodiversity (geothermal sources) in mountainous regions. Discussion of the ways to solve the most acute problems affecting mountainous regions with complex relief has always been on the agenda as a topical issue. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the quantitative, qualitative and thermodynamic parameters of geothermal sources in these territories, as well as the spatial structure of the foci of formation of their migration routes. Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the biodiversity of deforested mountainous regions substantiates the need to ensure the protection of these unique ecosystems. The issue of determining the direction of the integrated use of geothermal resources is studied not only by its structure and characteristics, but also by the level of development of complex technological processes for the extraction and processing of hydromineral raw materials and the technology of thermal energy processes. Using a number of analytical research methods (hydrogeological, geochemical, geophysical, isotope, computer (mathematical) modeling and others) to solve these problems, we determine the foci of formation of reservoir conditions in individual horizons, migration routes, as well as quantitative and qualitative parameters of thermal waters. The following issues were studied: hydrogeological research methods will help to identify the development zone of the intensive circulation aquifer (active water exchange) and the base of the development zone of the deep underground flow aquifer (impeded exchange) in the underground hydrosphere zones, and to assess their hydrodynamic and hydrothermal conditions and parameters. Based on the data from drilled exploratory oil wells, the conditions for the formation of thermal water layers in various hydrogeological structures will be determined; hydrochemical research methods will be aimed at assessing the macro- and microcomponent composition and radiation background of thermal waters at various intervals of migration routes by determining various indicators at different depths of their formation (based on the petrochemical structure of the geological part); isotopic studies of the gas composition of thermal waters will help to identify their genesis and use them as a marker when determining the points of formation; computer modeling of the underground hydrosphere of a representative object was carried out using mathematical programs.
The role of agritourism in the development of regions
Authors: Gasimova Gunay , Mustafayev Telman , Gasimov Isa
Published: January 2025

Agritourism is a form of sustainable tourism that emerged as a unique combination of agriculture and tourism. Agritourism is a sector that offers visitors an agricultural experience and transforms rural areas into tourist destinations. Natural beauty, traditional agricultural practices and local culture are key elements of agritourism. One of the main advantages of agritourism is that it has great employment potential. It helps increase employment in rural areas by providing employment opportunities in various fields such as farm workers, tour guides, chefs, artisans and historians. To increase employment in the agritourism sector, it is important that local people are supported in training and skills development. Training programs on topics such as agricultural techniques, hotel management, entrepreneurship, sales and tour guiding enable more effective involvement of local people in the sector. Agritourism creates new markets and business opportunities for local farmers, artisans and small businesses. This stimulates the local economy and helps increase employment. It is important to offer tourists local products, create regional experiences and support local businesses. This sector, with its rich employment potential, offers important opportunities to strengthen the local economy and improve the living standards of people in rural areas. With sector-specific training, local collaboration and sustainable employment models, agritourism can play an important role in the tourism sector of the future.
GenZ prefers cosmetic brands that are focused on sustainability and environmental issues
Authors: Sagar Aman , Jyothi Arul , Ranjith P. V.
Published: January 2025

The study is conducted to understand the preferences of GenZ and how sustainability influences their purchasing decisions. The study uses primary research to identify the influence of environmental factors on purchasing decisions. The study finds that Generation Z (GenZ) prefers beauty brands that focus on sustainability and environmental issues for several key reasons based on the research: GenZ people are well aware of the environmental issues facing our planet and are committed to preserving and protecting the environment. They are aware of the consequences of their actions and know that the beauty sector has a large impact on the environment. They look for companies that truly care about sustainability and back up their claims with actionable insights. Community reviews and opinions have a great influence on Gen Z customers. They rely on influencers, social media, and online communities to gain knowledge and make wise decisions. Using these opinions and insights, the authors provided suggestions for both brands to attract customers and for consumers to choose brands in the future.
Estimation of Radioactivity in Dash - Salakhli Bentonite Clay: Depth and Radionuclide Migration Processes
Authors: Akhmedov E. A.
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the assessment of radioactivity in the Dash- Salahly bentonite clay with a focus on depth-dependent radioactivity variations within the deposit. The study included determination of the specific effective activity of various radionuclides in soil samples collected from different depths. The results highlight that the high radioactivity of bentonite clay is primarily due to elevated levels of potassium-40 (K-40), with the highest specific activity observed at depths of 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 25 m. Additionally, the paper compares the radioactivity levels of other radionuclides such as radium-226 (Ra-226) and thorium-234 (Th-234), noting that Ra-226 exhibits significant activity at depths of 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 25 m, while Th-234 exhibits higher activity at depth of 20 m. These results contribute to a better understanding of radionuclide migration patterns in bentonite clay and the potential implications for environmental safety and management.
Relationship between soil fertility in foothills and inorganic components
Authors: Mammadov Khagani
Published: January 2025

In newly formed soils with low humus content, high concentrations of heavy metals do not have a positive effect on the development of green vegetation. In soils contaminated with crude oil, oil refining waste and heavy metals, green vegetation is not observed regardless of the concentration of heavy metals. However, in soils rich in humus and free from oil industry waste, restored or unpolluted by oil refining emissions, the development of green vegetation is directly proportional to the concentration of metals, including heavy metals. Fertile soils of mountainous and foothill areas are characterized by relatively high concentrations of mineral components and natural radionuclides. These results are in good agreement with the higher degree of development of herbaceous vegetation, green shrubs and trees observed in foothill areas, which is explained by both high soil fertility and the participation of microelements and natural radionuclides in accelerating photosynthesis processes.
Development of Cotton Irrigation Based on Computer Technology
Authors: Matyakubov B. Sh. , Karabayev A. , Zakirova S. Kh. , Urinov A. A. , Diyorova M. X. , Davronov Q. A.
Published: January 2025

This study examines the critical intersection of global climate change and increasing water scarcity, with a particular focus on developing optimized irrigation practices for cotton production in the Andijan region. Using the CropWat software, guided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) methodology, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of local soil and hydrogeological conditions to formulate evidence-based irrigation strategies. The results show that seasonal irrigation requirements for cotton vary significantly across hydromodular regions, ranging from 3000 m³/ha in the dry season (IX) to 5900 m³/ha in the rainy season (I). Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of adapting irrigation practices to regional climate and soil characteristics to improve water use efficiency. By implementing these evidence-based irrigation regimes, we aim to not only improve cotton yields but also contribute to sustainable water management practices in the context of a rapidly changing climate. This study highlights the need for adaptive agricultural practices and provides a basis for further research on irrigation optimization, ultimately supporting agricultural sustainability and food security in water-stressed regions. Future research will also examine the integration of alternative irrigation technologies and their potential impact on optimizing water use in cotton production.
A note on the failure of the Faber-Krahn inequality for the vector Laplacian
Authors: Krejčiřík David , Domenico Lamberti Pier , Zaccaron Michele
Published: January 2025

We consider a natural eigenvalue problem for the vector Laplacian related to stationary Maxwell's equations in a cavity and we prove that an analog of the celebrated Faber-Krahn inequality doesn't hold,  regardless of whether a volume or perimeter constraint is applied.
Electric Aviation Development and Future Prospect
Authors: Li Zhoujinpeng
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles have gained significant traction, with hybrid and fully electric cars and trucks increasingly replacing traditional fuel-powered vehicles. However, the development of electrified aircraft has received comparatively less public attention. This research study aims to explore the evolution of electric aviation and its future potential. It delves into the history of electric aviation and examines various types of electric propulsion systems, including all-electric, series hybrid, parallel hybrid, and turboelectric configurations. The study also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current electrified aircraft technologies. Additionally, it considers the policies and investments necessary to stimulate the advancement of electric aviation. As concerns over environmental issues and energy shortages grow, electrified aircraft could emerge as a viable alternative to gas turbine aircraft, offering reduced carbon emissions and lower operational costs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of electric aviation, with a particular emphasis on its potential to revolutionize the aviation industry.
Combustion efficiency and emission control of ships with liquefied natural gas internal combustion engines
Authors: Ruan Yujie
Published: January 2025

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution, new energy technology has received more and more attention. Among the many new forms of energy, liquefied natural gas (LNG) stands out because of its relatively mature technology and sufficient reserves. Its many advantages also make it very suitable for Marine fuel. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) internal combustion engine ships have received more and more attention in the current environment, but due to the technical monopoly and high research and maintenance costs, there are still some deficiencies in combustion and emissions, which have caused some obstacles to the promotion of LNG internal combustion engine. This paper introduces and summarizes some technical solutions in the field of combustion emission of LNG ships, analyses some successful cases of commercial ships, and summarizes part of the development process of LNG internal combustion engine ships, hoping to be helpful to the development of LNG internal combustion engine ships.
Implementation of LFP Batteries for Energy Storage at Small hydro power station
Authors: Huang Tianshuo
Published: January 2025

With the application of energy storge system (ESS) in large powerplants are become increasingly mature, there’s an absent of small hydropower stations. Small hydropower stations, though considered as a clean energy, are facing government regulations about restrict it outflows due to environmental protection. To help these small hydropower stations survive, ESS is needed. In this article, the battery that was used in large powerplants ESS is explored to figure out how to adopt the technology into way smaller powerplant by analysing technological, economic and construction factors. The results suggest that ESS using LFP battery can significantly improve energy consistency under outflow restriction. However, on the economic aspect, with the rapid decrease in the battery prices and different policy in different regions, the outcomes can be diverse, but the overall dropping battery prices and increasing demand of renewable energy led to a promising future. This article has illuminated the direction for the development of technology.
Research on carbon dioxide treatment and utilization technology
Authors: Chen Ketong
Published: January 2025

This paper summarizes the various types of carbon dioxide treatment technology, the current situation, and the development trend, and describes the progress and challenges in the application of carbon dioxide treatment technology at the present stage. It is found that the focus of research and development should be on improving carbon capture efficiency and reducing carbon capture costs. CO2 utilization technology is currently in the industrial demonstration stage, and breaking through the bottleneck of high temperature and high pressure environment, and searching for suitable catalysts to improve the carbon utilization efficiency are the key research directions in the next stage of CO2 utilization technology. CO2 treatment technology needs to overcome the challenges of economic profitability, technological innovation, cost reduction and efficiency enhancement, and policy subsidies and incentives. CO2 bioprocessing technology will become a new mode of CO2 treatment promotion in the future. This study is of reference significance for accurately grasping the research direction of CO2 treatment technology, promoting the progress and innovation of CO2 treatment technology, and accelerating the leapfrog development of CO2 treatment technology.
A Critical Review of Structural Topology Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Jiao Yuhang
Published: January 2025

In the past 30 years , the field of structural topology optimization has developed rapidly, and many representative algorithms such as homogenization algorithm, solid isotropic material with penalization algorithms and evolutionary structural optimization algorithms have emerged. In this paper, the above three representative algorithms’ principles and development history are briefly introduced. Secondly, with the classic example of long cantilever beams, the three methods are compared in all aspects of the optimisation process, and their similarities and differences in terms of optimisation objectives, constraints, and characteristics of the results are analysed. Finally, the above algorithms are summarized, and their advantages, disadvantages and applicable scenarios are listed, which will provide reference for future designers to a certain extent.
Revisiting two thousand hinge fractures in open wedge high tibial osteotomy with a fifty years review: the oscillating saw cannot replace the traditional “ear-hand” dialogue between osteotome and hammer to estimate the elastic modulus of bone
Authors: Bastard Claire , Haiat Guillaume , Hernigou Philippe
Published: January 2025

Background: Hinge fracture on the lateral part of the tibia (LHF) is a common complication of medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy (OWHTO). Many factors have been described as risks for these fractures, but no study has compared an osteotome or an oscillating saw to prevent LHF following OWHTO. Methods: This “propensity-score-matched” (PSM) study was conducted from data obtained in the literature from 1974 to November 2024. A total of 10,368 knees with OWHTO were identified. After 1:1 matching based on correction amount, posterior slope change, surgeon’s experience, the osteotome and oscillating groups comprised 2760 knees each. Results: Among the 5520 knees of the PSM population, the prevalence of LHF was 6.1% in the osteotome alone group (168 cases), and 22% in the oscillating saw group (607 cases). The osteotome group had a significant lower prevalence of hinge fracture than the oscillating saw group (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.27; p < 0.0001) and a lower rate of clinically relevant hinge fractures with revision (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.45; p < 0.001. Discussion: The osteotome may be an appropriate method for preventing hinge fractures following OWHTO.
Die Balance wiederfinden – Agitiertes Verhalten
Authors: Steinmetz Astrid
Published: January 2025

In der Gerontopsychiatrie begegnen wir hin und wieder Menschen, die nachts aktiv sind, eine innere Unruhe oder einen Bewegungsdrang verspüren. Wie es dazu kommen kann und wie wir therapeutisch darauf reagieren können, erläutert Dr. Astrid Steinmetz.
Das gesundheitspolitische Spielfeld – Wichtige Akteure der Gesundheitspolitik
Authors: Czernik Claudia
Published: January 2025

BMG, BZgA, Krankenversicherungen und Leistungserbringer*innen – sie alle tummeln sich auf dem Rasen der Gesundheitspolitik. Zu wissen, wer in einem Team aktiv mitspielt und wer als Schiedsrichter die Abläufe beaufsichtigt, hilft, die Regeln auf dem gesundheitspolitischen Spielfeld zu verstehen.
Forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen: Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen
und Zuständigkeiten in Deutschland
Authors: Verhoff Marcel A. , Chabiera Peter-Jan , Verhoff Doreen , Ramsthaler Frank
Published: January 2025

Werden menschliche Knochen außerhalb eines Friedhofs
aufgefunden, besteht grundsätzlich der Anfangsverdacht einer illegalen
Leichenbeseitigung und daraus abgeleitet eines Tötungsdeliktes. Zur weiteren
Einschätzung ziehen die Ermittlungsbehörden Sachverständige heran.
Mittlerweile wird überwiegend die Rechtsmedizin mit
forensisch-osteologischen Untersuchungen betraut. Es sollte der Frage
nachgegangen werden, welche juristischen Rahmenbedingungen für
forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen in der Bundesgesetzgebung sowie in
den föderal unterschiedlich geregelten „Bestattungsgesetzen“ existieren.

Auf die aktuellen Versionen der „Bestattungsgesetze“ und ggf.
zusätzlicher Verordnungen wurde über die offiziellen Portale der 16
Bundesländer zugegriffen, auf die Bundesgesetze über gesetze-im-internet.de
sowie www.buzer.de und www.juris.de.

Bei der Bundesgesetzgebung sind § 87 StPO „Leichenschau,
Leichenöffnung, Ausgrabung der Leiche“ und RiStBV 4. Abschn. Nr. 33
„Leichenschau und Leichenöffnung“ relevant. In nur 3
Ländergesetzen (Bayern, Nordrhein-Westfalen und Rheinland-Pfalz) findet sich
kein Bezug zu knöchernen Überresten. Konkret auf skelettierte Leichen bzw.
Skelette gehen nur 7 Länder ein (Bremen, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Saarland,
Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen). Zu Körperteilen äußern sich
9 Länder.

Forensisch-osteologische Untersuchungen von menschlichen
Überresten sind i. d. R. als ärztliche Aufgabe zu sehen. Eine
interdisziplinäre Bearbeitung mit Anthropologie oder Archäologie ist
anzustreben.
Impact of Virtual Reality Distraction During Colonoscopy Compared to Intravenous Deep Sedation: Results of a Monocentric Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pavlidi Anastasia , Triki Lotfi , Mortier Julien , Deviere Jacques , Lemmers Arnaud , Huberty Vincent , Forget Patrice , Hannen Mark , Quolin Caroline , Tuna Turgay , Blero Daniel , Arvanitakis Marianna
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background and aims: Colonoscopy is associated with discomfort that requires intravenous sedation (IVS). The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to explore the feasibility of virtual reality distraction (VRD) for colonoscopy using two primary endpoints: cecal intubation rate and the rate of rescue with IVS.
Methods: Patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy with IVS were randomized in a 2:1 ratio in favor of VRD, with rescue IVS by propofol if needed. VRD involved the use of a device providing a visual and auditive experience similar to clinical hypnosis.
Results: Ninety patients were included (VRD:60, IVS: 30). Caecal intubation rate was similar in both groups (92.8% for VRD vs 100% for IVS, p=0.3). The rescue IVS in the VRD group was 63.6%. There was a decrease in median total dose of propofol per patient in the VRD group (1.15 mg/kg for VRD and 4.41 mg/kg for IVS, p<0.001) and in the subgroup of VRD patients who received IVS rescue (3.17 mg/kg for VRD and 4.41 mg/kg for IVS, p =0.003). The median level of pain was higher, and the median level of comfort was lower in the VRD group (respectively 3 vs 0, p <0.001 and 7 vs 10, p <0.001).
Conclusions: The RCT provides preliminary data to better understand the feasibility of VRD for colonoscopy . We have not identified differences in procedural outcomes compared to conventional IVS, nevertheless higher pain and lower comfort scores were reported.
Enhancing radiation hardness of microelectronics through stress-relief milling
Authors: Stepanoff Sergei P. , Khachatrian Ani , Haque Aman , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen , Wolfe Douglas E.
Published: January 2025

Single event effects (SEE) in microelectronic devices are predominantly studied from the perspective of electrical charge generation and collection. This study introduces a multi-physics concept by investigating the impact of highly localized mechanical stress in electrically sensitive regions, such as the gate in a transistor. Our hypothesis is that reducing mechanical stress beneath the gate will decrease voltage transients caused by SEE by limiting charge generation and diffusion. To explore this electro-mechanical coupling in relation to SEE, we milled a microscale trench in the substrate beneath a transistor of the LM124 operational amplifier using a focused ion beam, thereby alleviating mechanical stress in the vicinity of the trench. We then perform pulsed laser SEE testing on the stress-relieved transistor and a control specimen without a micro-trench modification. Our experimental results demonstrate a significant decrease in single event transient peak amplitude and collected charge in the stress-relieved device compared to its pristine counterpart under identical pulsed laser conditions. These findings support our hypothesis and suggest that mitigating mechanical stress localizations could inform the design and fabrication of radiation-hardened electronics.
Proportions of incommensurate, resonant, and chaotic orbits for torus maps
Authors: Sander E. , Meiss J. D.
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on distinguishing classes of dynamical behavior for one- and two-dimensional torus maps, in particular, between orbits that are incommensurate, resonant, periodic, or chaotic. We first consider Arnold’s circle map, for which there is a universal power law for the fraction of nonresonant orbits as a function of the amplitude of the nonlinearity. Our methods give a more precise calculation of the coefficients for this power law. For two-dimensional torus maps, we show that there is no such universal law for any of the classes of orbits. However, we find different categories of maps with qualitatively similar behavior. Our results are obtained using three fast and high precision numerical methods: weighted Birkhoff averages, Farey trees, and resonance orders.
Quantum magnetism of spin qubits in S = 1/2 Cu(II) systems in discrete complexes, chains, and metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Yamashita Masahiro
Published: January 2025

In the last decade, S = 1/2 systems of Cu(II) complexes and Cu(II) ions in the solid state have been found to exhibit slow magnetic relaxations. The mechanism driving this magnetic behavior is different from that of high spin single-molecule magnets and that of bulk/nanoparticle magnets. This behavior is related to spin qubits and is considered to be a new type of quantum magnetism. This review focuses on the magnetic relaxation (τ), spin-lattice relaxation (T1), and spin-spin relaxation (T2 or Tm) of isolated Cu(II) complexes, Cu(II) 1D-chains, and Cu(II)-doped metal-organic frameworks. Although these properties have been well studied in isolated Cu(II) systems, studies on systems that exhibit magnetic interactions are still elusive. With the aim of progressing toward the entanglement of spin states and quantum computing using spin qubits, a greater number of studies on molecule-based spin qubits that exhibit magnetic interactions will be conducted and will be of increasing importance from now on.
3D printing and artificial intelligence tools for droplet microfluidics: Advances in the generation and analysis of emulsions
Authors: Orsini Sibilla , Lauricella Marco , Montessori Andrea , Tiribocchi Adriano , Durve Mihir , Succi Sauro , Persano Luana , Camposeo Andrea , Pisignano Dario
Published: January 2025

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as highly relevant technology in diverse fields such as nanomaterials synthesis, photonics, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, food science, cosmetics, and agriculture. While significant progress has been made in understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying droplet generation in microchannels and in fabricating devices to produce droplets with varied functionality and high throughput, challenges persist along two important directions. On one side, the generalization of numerical results obtained by computational fluid dynamics would be important to deepen the comprehension of complex physical phenomena in droplet microfluidics, as well as the capability of predicting the device behavior. Conversely, truly three-dimensional architectures would enhance microfluidic platforms in terms of tailoring and enhancing droplet and flow properties. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and additive manufacturing (AM) promise unequaled opportunities for simulating fluid behavior, precisely tracking individual droplets, and exploring innovative device designs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in applying AI and AM to droplet microfluidics. The basic physical properties of multiphase flows and mechanisms for droplet production are discussed, and the current fabrication methods of related devices are introduced, together with their applications. Delving into the use of AI and AM technologies in droplet microfluidics, topics covered include AI-assisted simulations of droplet behavior, real-time tracking of droplets within microfluidic systems, and AM-fabrication of three-dimensional systems. The synergistic combination of AI and AM is expected to deepen the understanding of complex fluid dynamics and active matter behavior, expediting the transition toward fully digital microfluidic systems.
The divide expand consolidate scheme for unrestricted second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory ground state energies
Authors: Johansen Magnus Bukhave , Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Corzo Hector H. , Barnes Ashleigh , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Bykov Dmytro
Published: January 2025

The linear scaling divide–expand–consolidate (DEC) framework is expanded to include unrestricted Hartree–Fock references. By partitioning the orbital space and employing local molecular orbitals, the full molecular calculation can be performed as independent calculations on individual fragments, making the method well-suited for massively parallel implementations. This approach also incorporates error control through the fragment optimization threshold (FOT), which maintains precision and consistency throughout the calculations. A benchmark was conducted for correlation energies of open-shell systems and the relative energies of both open- and closed-shell molecules at the MP2 level of theory. The full calculation result is achieved as the FOT approaches zero. For correlation energies, an FOT of 10−3 is sufficient to recover over 98% of the full result in all cases. However, for relative energies and the electronic energy component of oxidation potentials, a tighter FOT of 10−4 is required to keep the DEC error within 10% for both open- and closed-shell molecules. This is likely due to a lack of systematic error cancellation for the molecules with vastly different chemical natures. Therefore, for accurate relative energies, the FOT should be an order of magnitude lower, and additional caution is needed, particularly for large systems. The DEC method extension to unrestricted references maintains favorable features of linear scaling and can be implemented in a massively parallel algorithm to calculate correlation energies for large open-shell systems.
Investigating spin-orbit interaction of light in micro- and nanophotonic systems using polarization Mueller matrix
Authors: Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Guchhait Shyamal , Banerjee Ayan , Gupta Subhasish Dutta , Ghosh Nirmalya
Published: January 2025

Coupling between the spin and orbital angular momentum of light has led to a variety of exotic spin–orbit photonic effects, establishing a paradigm of nanophotonic meta-devices to control and manipulate light at the nanometer length scale. For the advancement of spin–orbit photonic technologies, quantitative characterization and unambiguous physical interpretation of the various spin–orbit interaction (SOI) effects exhibited in complex nanophotonic systems are of utmost importance. This Perspective addresses some of these outstanding challenges in the domain of spin–orbit photonics, focusing on the simultaneous manifestation of multiple SOI effects in hybridized nanophotonic systems and the role of polarization-based techniques in their characterization and quantification. After introducing the fundamentals and physical origins of SOI effects, we present a polarization Mueller matrix technique as a powerful tool to probe, decouple, and independently quantify these effects in a unified experimental framework, demonstrated with hybridized waveguided plasmonic crystals. We further discuss the potential of structured light and tailored polarization to enable unconventional SOI phenomena in simple nanostructured metamaterials and metasurfaces. These advancements not only enhance our fundamental understanding of SOI phenomena across micro- and nanoscale optical systems but also pave the way for the development of multifunctional and tunable spin–orbit photonic devices.
Study on a compact pulse forming line-Marx type high voltage pulse generator
Authors: Li Song , Zeng Fanzheng , Zhang Quancai , Cai Hao , Sun Quan , Qian Baoliang
Published: January 2025

High power pulse generators are moving in the direction of compact, solid-state, and stable working in a relatively long time. In this paper, a compact pulse forming line-Marx type high power pulse generator, based on a ceramic pulse forming line and a spark gap switch with carbide modified graphite electrodes, is studied numerically and experimentally. Specifically, a ceramic based pulse forming line with high relative permittivity was used to achieve long pulse duration in a limited dimension. A spark gap switch with carbide modified graphite electrodes was proposed to decrease the erosion of the electrodes, which can efficiently prolong the lifetime of the device. The generator was built. With a charging voltage of 34 kV approximately, pulses with peak current over 2.56 kA and a duration of about 86 ns were obtained on a matched dummy load of 50 Ω. The dimensions of the generator are 360 × 280 × 300 mm3. The device can continue working over 6000 pulses with a repetitive rate of 10 Hz, which meets potential applications, including plasma science research.
Reconfigurable inverse-designed phase-change photonics
Authors: Wu Changming , Jiao Ziyu , Deng Haoqin , Huang Yi-Siou , Yu Heshan , Takeuchi Ichiro , Ríos Ocampo Carlos A. , Li Mo
Published: January 2025

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer a promising approach to programmable photonics thanks to their nonvolatile, reversible phase transitions and high refractive index contrast. However, conventional designs are limited by global phase control over entire PCM thin films between fully amorphous and fully crystalline states, which restricts device functionality and confines design flexibility and programmability. In this work, we present a novel approach that leverages pixel-level control of PCM in inverse-designed photonic devices, enabling highly reconfigurable, multi-functional operations. We integrate low-loss Sb2Se3 onto a multi-mode interferometer and achieve precise, localized phase manipulation through direct laser writing. This technique allows for flexible programming of the photonic device by adjusting the PCM phase pattern rather than relying on global phase states, thereby enhancing device adaptability. As a proof of concept, we programmed the device as a wavelength-division multiplexer and subsequently reconfigured it into a mode-division multiplexer. Our results underscore the potential of combining inverse design with pixel-wise tuning for next-generation programmable phase-change photonic systems.