bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ ГІПЕРОПІКУЮЧОГО ТА ГІПООПІКУЮЧОГО СТИЛІВ СІМЕЙНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ НА ПСИХІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ДІТЕЙ З ДИТЯЧИМ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНИМ ПАРАЛІЧЕМ
Authors: Стаднічук В. А. , Попович Д. В.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Актуальність дослідження впливу гіперопікуючого та гіпоопікуючого стилів сімейного виховання на психічні особливості дітей з дитячим церебральним паралічем (ДЦП) зумовлена зростанням кількості випадків цієї патології, а також необхідністю забезпечення якісної психологічної підтримки таких дітей. Коли дитина з ДЦП стикається з численними фізичними та емоційними труднощами, стиль сімейного виховання стає вирішальним чинником її психосоціальної адаптації. Гіперопіка та гіпоопіка здатні значно вплинути на самооцінку, рівень самостійності, здатність до емоційного саморегулювання і соціальні навички дитини, що, у свою чергу, визначає її успішність у подальшому житті. Отже, вивчення цих стилів є важливим для розробки рекомендацій, що сприятимуть формуванню здорових психологічних умов для розвитку дітей з ДЦП і підтримки їх рідних.
Мета роботи – проаналізувати вплив гіперопікуючого та гіпоопікуючого стилів сімейного виховання на психічні особливості дітей з ДЦП, зокрема їх самооцінку, емоційну стабільність і соціальну адаптацію.
Основна частина. Зосереджено увагу на вихованні дітей з ДЦП з акцентом на важливості індивідуального підходу та мультидисциплінарної підтримки. Обговорено медичні, психологічні й педагогічні аспекти, включаючи адаптацію навчальних матеріалів і фізіотерапію. Особливу увагу приділено соціа­лізації та емоційній підтримці, а також ролі сім’ї у створенні розвивального середовища для дитини. Виховання таких дітей є складним процесом, що вимагає зусиль від батьків і фахівців для забезпечення максимальної автономії та інтеграції.
Висновки. Стиль виховання підлітків з ДЦП має суттєвий вплив на їх психологічний і соціальний розвиток. Гіперопіка може сприяти формуванню залежності, знижуючи рівень самостійності й ускладнюючи соціальну адаптацію, тоді як гіпоопіка викликає почуття самотності та невпевненості. Важливим є знаходження балансу між підтримкою та автономією для гармонійного розвитку дітей. Необхідно розробляти для батьків корекційні програми, які навчать їх ефективних підходів до виховання, зменшать тривожність і сприятимуть створенню здорового клімату в сім’ї. Залучення батьків до обговорень допоможе краще зрозуміти потреби дітей і сформувати індивідуальні стратегії розвитку.
ФОРМУВАННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ У ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ, ЯКІ НАВЧАЮТЬСЯ ЗА СПЕЦІАЛЬНІСТЮ «ФІЗИЧНА ТЕРАПІЯ»
Authors: Попович Д. В. , Миндзів К. В. , Вайда О. В. , Бай А. В. , Гевко У. П. , Бойко В. І.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Прогрес і розвиток людини значною мірою визначаються її мотиваційними факторами. Особливе значення має рівень як зовнішньої мотивації, так і внутрішньої самомотивації, особливо в контексті освітнього процесу. В цій статті розглянуто шляхи та методи ефективного формування і підтримки мотивації у здобувачів вищої освіти, які навчаються за спеціальністю «Фізична терапія». Представлені підходи спрямовані на підвищення їх залучення у навчальний процес, розвиток професійних навичок і підготовку до майбутньої професійної діяльності.
Мета роботи – проаналізувати основні фактори мотивації та визначити ефективні шляхи її підвищення у здобувачів вищої освіти, які навчаються за спеціальністю 227 «Фізична терапія».
Основна частина. Мотивація – це процес, який активує і підтримує цілеспрямовану діяльність, спонукаючи людину добровільно брати участь у діяльності організації та прагнути залишатися її членом у довгостроковій перспективі. Існують різні види мотивації, серед яких виділяють дві основні: зовнішню та внутрішню. Зовнішня мотивація пов’язана з умовами праці, атмосферою на робочому місці, характером завдань, які виконують. Внутрішня мотивація, навпаки, залежить від індивідуальних особливостей працівника та є тим рушієм, який сприяє підвищенню продуктивності. Ці принципи можна застосувати і до навчальної діяльності, яка стає значно ефективнішою за наявності позитивного ставлення до навчання, пізнавального інтересу, а також потреби у здобутті знань, навичок та компетентностей. Педагогічні зусилля мають бути спрямовані на покращення академічної успішності здобувачів вищої освіти шляхом стимулювання їх позитивної мотивації до навчання. У цьому контексті з’являється певна суперечність. З одного боку, існує об’єктивна необхідність формування мотивації до пізнавальної діяльності у студентів медичних закладів вищої освіти шляхом упровадження інтерактивних технологій. Даний підхід враховує як внутрішні особливості навчального процесу, так і зовнішні вимоги до майбутніх медичних фахівців з вищою освітою. З іншого боку, науково обґрунтована технологія формування такої мотивації за допомогою новітніх систем усе ще відсутня.
Висновки. Проаналізовано наукові джерела для пошуку шляхів та методів формування мотивації у здобувачів вищої освіти, які навчаються за спеціальністю «Фізична терапія». Удосконалення методів формування мотивації до навчання сприятиме зростанню рівня засвоєння навчального матеріалу.
X-Chromosome–Linked miRNAs Regulate Sex Differences in Cardiac Physiology
Authors: Emerson James I. , Shi Wei , Paredes-Larios Jose , Walker William G. , Hutton Josiah E. , Cristea Ileana M. , Marzluff William F. , Conlon Frank L.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Males and females exhibit distinct anatomic and functional characteristics of the heart, predisposing them to specific disease states.

METHODS:

We identified microRNAs (miRNAs/miR) with sex-differential expression in mouse hearts.

RESULTS:

Four conserved miRNAs are present in a single locus on the X-chromosome and are expressed at higher levels in females than males. We show miRNA, miR-871, is responsible for decreased expression of the protein SRL (sarcalumenin) in females. SRL is involved in calcium signaling, and we show it contributes to differences in electrophysiology between males and females. miR-871 overexpression mimics the effects of the cardiac physiology of conditional cardiomyocyte-specific Srl-null mice. Inhibiting miR-871 with an antagomir in females shortened ventricular repolarization. The human orthologue of miR-871, miR-888, coevolved with the SRL 3′ untranslated region and regulates human SRL.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data highlight the importance of sex-differential miRNA mechanisms in mediating sex-specific functions and their potential relevance to human cardiac diseases.
A puzzling Cretaceous psyllid-type forewing from the South of China
Authors: HAKIM MARINA , HUANG DI-YING
Published: December 2024

The new taxon Fujianella paradoxa gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Early Cretaceous Bantou Formation, in Yong’an County, Fujian Province, southeastern China. It is placed in the insect suborder Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) but left unassigned to any family at present due to its controversial features. This fossil record represents the second psyllid-looking taxon reported from the Cretaceous of China, found mainly in the Jurassic. This discovery further showcases the similarities in entomofauna between the Middle Jurassic Yanliao biota in the North of China and the Early Cretaceous in the South of China.
The oldest false fairy wasp (Hymenoptera: Mymarommatidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-PARRA SERGIO , RASNITSYN ALEXANDR P. , AZAR DANY
Published: December 2024

Mymarommatidae (Hymenoptera), also known as false fairy wasps, are mainly characterised by their minute size, the peculiar wings, and the bi-segmented petiole. They form part of the superfamily Mymarommatoidea together with the Cretaceous families †Alavarommatidae, †Dipterommatidae, and †Gallorommatidae. The clade Bipetiolarida embraces Mymarommatoidea and †Serphitoidea, the two proctotrupomorphan superfamilies whose members have bi-segmented petiole. The biology of the mymarommatids is poorly known and only one extant species is known to be an egg endoparasitoid of barklice (Psocodea). Here, we describe a new species of mymarommatid wasp, Archaeromma phoenicium sp. nov., from Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) amber of Lebanon. We compare it with the other species of the genus and discuss the validity of some characters for generic identification. This new species is the oldest representative of the genus Archaeromma Yoshimoto, 1975 and of the family Mymarommatidae. A checklist and a key to the species of Archaeromma is included. Furthermore, we discuss the palaeobiogeography of the Cretaceous mymarommatoids. The description of the new species increases the list of insect co-occurrences between Lebanese and Spanish ambers to 21 genera.
Why Individuals Commit Professional Misconduct and What Leaders Can Do to Prevent It
Authors: Harvey William S. , Arora Navdeep , Currie Graeme , Spyridonidis Dimitrios
Published: December 2024

Drawing on data from white-collar inmates in a United States Federal Prison, this article explains what causes individuals to commit misconduct. Flawed intuition captures the consistent pattern of instinctive, muddled logic by individuals who are influenced by a toxic mix of individual behavioral triggers, organizational context, and the wider industry environment. Combined with limited reflection and/or discussion with others, flawed intuition captures how people cross legal lines owing to a system where factors at multiple levels are working in tandem. This article provides practical recommendations for what can be done to prevent it.
Reliability modeling and simulation: advancements with data-driven techniques and expert knowledge integration
Authors: Lazarova-Molnar Sanja , Friederich Jonas , Niloofar Parisa
Published: December 2024

Reliability of a system defines the likelihood that a system would operate as expected for a predefined length of time. There have been numerous notable efforts to model systems with the goal of analyzing their reliability and possibly quantifying it. Simulation as a technique has shown a great capacity to address the challenge of quantitatively evaluating system’s reliability. Traditionally, expert knowledge has been the gold standard for modeling and analyzing system reliability. However, the prevalence of data that stems from systems of interest, enabled through the easily available Internet of Things devices, coupled with simulation, presents a potential to change the way reliability of systems is being evaluated. Namely, data provides an opportunity for both automated modeling and continuous reliability assessment of systems through simulation. This article presents an overview of reliability modeling and simulation for cyber-physical systems, highlighting opportunities arising from data availability and its integration with expert knowledge. We use case studies from our research to illustrate these opportunities and advancements.
Cleaning up Los Angeles: The construction and non-resolution of a sanitation infrastructure crisis
Authors: Muniz Ana
Published: December 2024

Focusing specifically on sanitation services in Los Angeles (LA) City, I examine (1) how various stakeholders socially construct and mobilise around breakdowns in public infrastructure and (2) how technology is used, both practically and politically, to address breakdowns. Through an archival analysis of six years of LA City Council documents and proceedings, supplemented by interviews with four key informants, I demonstrate how, in 2014 Los Angeles, media and political actors constructed a perceived crisis in trash services. In responding to claims of inadequate and biassed services, City sanitation officials blamed technological glitches and deceptive data. To address the crisis, the sanitation department developed a database to track neighbourhood cleanliness and strategically deploy sanitation workers to the areas most in need. Despite local politicians’ and sanitation officials’ presentation of technological innovation as a panacea, the database had little effect and was deactivated after three years. The failure of the database is attributed to two dynamics: first, inverted development wherein LASAN prematurely developed and deployed digital technology before a strong analogue foundation had been established to make the technology functional and efficient; and second, LASAN utilised the cleanliness indexing database as a form of mediatised stopgap technology. Although the database ultimately proved to be of little practical use, LASAN’s public relations strategy around the database effectively intervened in a political crisis and reinforced the agency’s power.
The spectre of growth in urban transformations: Insights from two Doughnut-oriented municipalities on the negotiation of local development pathways
Authors: Schmid Benedikt
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the ambiguous role of economic growth in shaping urban transformations within two municipalities that are implementing the Doughnut Economics (DE) framework. Doughnut Economics proposes a radical reorientation of economic objectives, prioritising human well-being and ecological limits as the primary goals of economic activity. Adopting an ‘agnostic’ stance on growth, DE does not explicitly oppose economic growth, unlike degrowth approaches, but rather side-lines it. This paper explores the practical implications of this agnostic stance by analysing how DE principles and tools are interpreted and applied in real-world contexts. Empirical insights from two small municipalities – Tomelilla (Sweden) and Bad Nauheim (Germany) – highlight a key tension: while decentring but not rejecting growth allows for the engagement of a broad range of actors in urban transformations, the absence of a robust discussion on growth in these growth-oriented settings enables pro-growth perspectives to persist largely unchallenged. Recognising the challenges this poses for urban transformations beyond growth, the paper advocates for an open but decidedly growth-sceptical approach, replacing Doughnut Economics’ ‘growth agnosticism’ with a ‘secularisation of growth’.
A novel noise reduction algorithm and its application in failure information extraction of bearing
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yu Mingyue , Wang Xin , Han Chuang
Published: December 2024

The performance of rolling bearing can directly affect the reliability of a rotating machine. Due to the influence of noise and irrelevant components, the fault information is rather weak in a bearing fault, which adds to the difficulty in judgment of bearing state and identification of fault types. To solve the problem of heterogeneous feature information caused by noise jamming in rolling bearing failure, difficulty in extracting fault feature, and misdiagnosis and misjudgment, the paper has proposed a denoising algorithm according to the covariance matrix of a Hankel matrix and information entropy (Hankel-Cov-IE). First, covariance matrix of a Hankel matrix of signals is constructed, and fault signals are preliminarily denoised based on denoising capacity of the covariance matrix and its nature of combining global and local features. To address the selection of sensitive fault components, information entropy (IE) is taken advantage of to screen out the vectors containing abundant feature information from the covariance matrix. The filtered feature vectors are reconstructed in the way of equal weight and faults of rolling bearing are identified with the spectrum of signals reconstructed. The presented algorithm is compared with different typical methods. The results indicate that the presented algorithm can reduce noise more effectively and achieve extraction of bearing failure features more comprehensively and correctly, with correct judgment of fault types. The presented algorithm can correctly extract the feature frequency of bearing fault and recognize the types of faults, and is insensitive to sensor sites, speeds, and failure types of bearings.
The Epidemic of Loneliness: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Passive and Active Social Media Use on Loneliness
Authors: Roberts James A. , Young Phil D. , David Meredith E.
Published: December 2024

The active social media use (ASMU) and passive social media use (PSMU) hypotheses suggest the impact of social media on perceived loneliness depends on how it is used. However, empirical studies examining the impact of ASMU and PSMU on loneliness are limited. Using a longitudinal study with a nationally representative sample of Dutch adults surveyed across nine annual waves, our findings lend support to the PSMU hypothesis, showing PSMU leads to higher loneliness over time. However, ASMU was not found to have the salubrious effects suggested by the ASMU hypothesis; instead ASMU was also positively associated with loneliness over time. Our findings bolster the emerging literature which suggests that social media, when used passively, may contribute to the epidemic of loneliness. However, it is premature to assume that active use of social media reduces loneliness. Our results also suggest that a bidirectional relationship exists between social media use and loneliness.
Preferences for Gender Stereotypicality in Artificial Intelligence: Existence, Comparison to Human Biases, and Implications for Choice
Authors: Spielmann Julia , Stern Chadly
Published: December 2024

Do people prefer that artificial intelligence (AI) aligns with gender stereotypes when requesting help to answer a question? We found that people preferred gender stereotypicality (over counterstereotypicality and androgyny) in voice-based AI when seeking help (e.g., preferring feminine voices to answer questions in feminine domains; Studies 1a–1b). Preferences for stereotypicality were stronger when using binary zero-sum (vs. continuous non-zero-sum) assessments (Study 2). Contrary to expectations, biases were larger when judging human (vs. AI) targets (Study 3). Finally, people were more likely to request (vs. decline) assistance from gender stereotypical (vs. counterstereotypical) human targets, but this choice bias did not extend to AI targets (Study 4). Across studies, we observed stronger preferences for gender stereotypicality in feminine (vs. masculine) domains, potentially due to examining biases in a stereotypically feminine context (helping). These studies offer nuanced insights into conditions under which people use gender stereotypes to evaluate human and non-human entities.
Effect of androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy on urinary symptoms
Authors: Kawaguchi Shohei , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Kadono Yoshifumi , Kato Yuki , Kano Hiroshi , Makino Tomoyuki , Naito Renato , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nohara Takahiro , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Salvage intermittent ADT has been demonstrated to be a potentially effective treatment option for BCR following RP. Although ADT improves urinary symptoms by reducing prostate volume, no studies have been conducted to investigate its effect on urinary symptoms after RP. We retrospectively examined changes in urinary symptoms in patients who developed BCR after RP and underwent salvage intermittent ADT.

Methods:

OABSS, IPSS, and ICIQ-SF scores were compared before ADT, 3 months after the start of ADT, 12 months after the start of ADT, at the end of ADT, and 1 year after the end of ADT in patients who received intermittent ADT following RARP. In addition, changes in urinary symptoms were compared between the group with pre-ADT testosterone levels <400 ng/dL (low testosterone group) and the group with levels ⩾400 ng/dL (high testosterone group).

Results:

Three months after the initiation of ADT, the IPSS total score, IPSS urine storage score, and ICIQ-SF score were significantly higher compared to their pre-treatment levels. In the low testosterone group, the ICIQ-SF score was significantly worse only at 12 months after the start of ADT compared to before the start of ADT. In the high testosterone group, the IPSS total score, storage IPSS score, and ICIQ-SF score were significantly higher at both 3 and 12 months after initiating ADT compared to their pre-treatment levels.

Conclusions:

ADT for BCR after RARP has been shown to significantly worsen urinary storage symptoms while not improving voiding symptoms, particularly in patients with high testosterone levels pre-ADT.
Emerging strategies in tackling antimicrobial resistance in urology: Narrative review and expert opinion
Authors: Ceccato Tommaso , Botti Simone , Tascini Carlo , Lanzafame Massimiliano , Brugnolli Anna , Ruggera Lorenzo , Massidda Orietta , Racanelli Vito , Bjerklund Johansen Truls E , Cai Tommaso
Published: December 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent and frequently treated with antibiotics, making antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) crucial in this field to benefit both individual patients and society. This narrative review examines recent advancements in managing urinary tract infections, focusing on AMS and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMS is essential in urology, where antibiotics are frequently prescribed for UTI. AMS promotes optimal antibiotic use to improve patient outcomes, control AMR, and safeguard public health. Key AMS practices in urology include selecting antibiotics at the appropriate dose and duration, especially for uncomplicated UTIs, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and catheter-associated infections. Following evidence-based guidelines, such as those from EAU and the IDSA, helps prioritize narrow-spectrum antibiotics and discourage empirical broad-spectrum use. Regular audits and feedback on antibiotic use help align practices with AMS goals, reducing inappropriate prescriptions. Multidisciplinary AMS teams, including urologists, microbiologists, and pharmacists, enhance treatment precision and antibiotic optimization in complex cases. Reassessing antibiotic therapy based on culture results after 48–72 h enables clinicians to refine treatment, minimizing unnecessary broad-spectrum use and strengthening AMS efforts in urology. In conclusion, addressing AMR in urology requires a careful approach that combines evidence-based antibiotic use, attention to local resistance patterns, and patient-specific factors. Non-antibiotic strategies for recurrent UTI prevention, judicious catheter management, and tailored treatment for complex infections are key AMS components. Emerging technologies in diagnostics and precision medicine offer tools for targeted, personalized therapy, enhancing AMS efforts, and helping to reduce reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Acceptable or Not: An In-depth Analysis of Adolescent Competitive Athletes’ Perceptions on Abusive Coaching Behaviors
Authors: Marsollier Élise , Hauw Denis , von Roten Fabienne Crettaz
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to conduct an in-depth analysis of adolescent competitive athletes’ perceptions on abusive coaching behaviors. Our aims were thus to (a) identify the acceptable abusive coaching behaviors and (b) characterize qualitatively the criteria for the acceptance of abusive coaching behaviors. Based on the study goal, an Abusive Coaching Behavior Grid was developed and completed by 356 French-speaking athletes, among which 10 were interviewed to justify where they draw the line between acceptable and unacceptable coaching behaviors. Quantitative analysis showed that shaking, shouting at, or asking athletes to perform until exhaustion were considered acceptable. Quebec and female athletes tended to accept fewer different abusive behaviors, but there were no differences by sport characteristics. The perception on abusive coaching behaviors was influenced by expectations about the coaching role, negative effects of coaching behaviors, circumstances in which the behaviors occur, and the nature of behaviors. The present study raises the importance of questioning cognitive schemas shared by groups of athletes as well as the norms coaches convey and the behaviors they adopt.
Lights-out factories: Review and prospect
Authors: Wang Ruikang , Tong Yifei , Zhuang Cunbo
Published: December 2024

Lights-out factories represent the pinnacle of manufacturing advancement, utilizing automation, digitalization, and intelligent technologies for unmanned production. These factories employ advanced tools such as process control systems, smart sensors, and industrial robots to enhance efficiency. Constructing lights-out factories is complex, involving multiple disciplines, and there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the subject, posing challenges for interested companies. This paper presents a lights-out factory architecture diagram and reviews key literature on the topic, summarizing relevant technologies and their social impact. The lights-out factory model can help enterprises reduce costs, increase efficiency, improve production quality, enhance safety, and promote high-quality development. However, challenges remain, including high costs, reliability issues, personnel requirements, applicability concerns, and technological hurdles. Future advancements in sensor technology, digital twin technology, and other innovations will drive further development of lights-out factories.
A method for determining initial strip width in roll forming of thick-walled steel pipes
Authors: Arjmandi Mohammad Reza Khalil , Naeini Hassan Moslemi , Kasaei Mohammad Mehdi , Abbaszadeh Behnam , Firouzjaei Mehdi Karimi , da Silva Lucas
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a novel method for determining the initial strip width for thick-walled steel pipes in roll forming. The method introduces three criteria to define the minimum initial width, maximum initial width, and a refined selection within the specified range. An industrial roll forming line is simulated using the commercial finite element software Abaqus. The accuracy of the finite element model is validated by comparing its results with measurements from the production line. Subsequently, the appropriate initial strip width is determined for producing pipes from St37 steel, with an external diameter of 219.1 mm and thicknesses of 6, 10 and 14 mm. This determination is based on criteria defined for circumferential reduction, edge buckling and relative curvature of the strip deforming at the fin-pass forming stage. The results demonstrate that a thicker pipe requires a lower initial width but a higher reduction ratio in the fin-pass station. In conclusion, the proposed method shows great potential for use in the pipe industry.
Position analysis of the tripod joint: An alternative approach
Authors: Innocenti Carlo
Published: December 2024

The position analysis, which is the most challenging phase of the kinematic analysis of a mechanism, was solved for the tripod joint, in exhaustive form, a few decades ago. The method proposed at the time was supposed to be able to find all possible assembly configurations of the joint. Regrettably, it becomes useless when the angle that parametrizes the position of one of the connected shafts reaches some specific values, which happens several times for each turn of the shaft; moreover, an error in the expression of a coefficient of a pivotal equation hampers adoption of the method. This paper presents a new procedure whose steepest step is finding the roots of a fourth order algebraic equation. It is shown that eight assembly configurations do exist for the adopted kinematic model of tripod joint, in the complex domain. The proposed procedure has a more direct approach than the previous one and is not affected by its singularities. Moreover, because no arbitrarily-selected movable reference frame is introduced, it leads to equations whose coefficients reveal the periodicity of the dependence of some parameters of the joint configuration on the angular position of one of the connected shafts. This means that some aspects of the tripod joint behavior can be hinted even without solving the equations. A numerical example shows application of the new procedure to a case study.
On the design and fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride-based sensors to detect recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Barwar Abhishek , Kala Prateek , Singh Rupinder
Published: December 2024

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bio-sensors have gained potential interest in remote health monitoring of patients using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. But hitherto, limited studies have reported on the fabrication of PVDF-hydroxyapatite (HAP)-chitosan (CS) based sensors processed through two different processing routes from a process suitability viewpoint to determine the recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia (DH). The sensors fabricated in this study comprise three layers, that is, a substrate (dielectric material), a metallic patch, and a ground plane that works on the microstrip patch antenna (MPA). Two manufacturing approaches have been followed in this study for the fabrication of the dielectric substrate: material extrusion (MEX) and gel-casting. Primarily, PVDF (90%) -HAP (8%) -CS (2%) has been selected for the sample preparation, following that different characterizations have been performed on the chosen composition to ensure its suitability for sensor fabrication. The simulated results were extracted in the form of return loss (S11) versus radiating frequency (fr), specific absorption rate (SAR) field, electric (E), and magnetic (H) field variables. Following that, the substrates were fabricated through the MEX and gel-casting approach, and Cu tape was used to make the conducting parts of the sensor. The sensor’s radio-frequency (RF) behaviour was tested on a vector network analyser (VNA) to obtain the output of S11 versus fr. The RF-characteristic of the sensors fabricated through MEX and gel-casting approaches represent that the sensors designed for dielectric constant (εr) = 9.61 resonate at 2.72 GHz for MEX and 2.67 GHz for gel-casting while possessing the S11of −14.14 and −28.40 dB respectively.
Recent advancement in biocompatible materials, hybrid bioactive coating, surface modification and post-processing techniques for the fabrication of biomedical implant: Critical review and future prospects
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Nasna Puneet , Ghosh Gourhari
Published: December 2024

The demand for various biomedical implants intended for long-term implantation in the human body has increased expeditiously in the recent years. In the past two decades, the field of biomedical applications has experienced substantial and rapid improvements in terms of materials, fabrication processes, and post-processing techniques for implant manufacturing. The major objective of the present study is to assess the interdisciplinary facets of implant manufacturing, analysing their microstructural attributes, tribological capabilities, and mechanical strength, as well as the potential for future enhancements. This work provides a thorough assessment of frequently employed biomaterials, including various metallic substances such as steel, magnesium, cobalt-chrome, and titanium, as well as their corresponding alloys. Additive manufacturing has significant potential for the fabrication of human implants having complex geometry that closely resemble natural biological systems. The potentials of various additive manufacturing processes such as plasma spray, direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), laser directed energy deposition (LDED), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) approaches used for the fabrication of several implants are also thoroughly discussed. This study also presents various accelerated testing procedures, including corrosion, corrosion-wear, and fatigue, along with different characterisation approaches.
A usability evaluation of a metaverse library: A case study of the “Community Virtual Library”
Authors: Kim Yumi , Kim Yeonhee , Kwon Nuri , Kim Heesop
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this case study is to examine the usability evaluation of the metaverse library, with a central focus on designing around the needs of library users. To achieve this, our study delved into the usability of one such platform, the Community Virtual Library (CVL), focusing on aligning its features with user needs. We assessed the CVL based on Jacob Nielsen’s usability criteria: satisfaction, memorability, learnability, efficiency, and error tolerance, through specific tasks. Our methodology combined interviews, observations, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) to fully grasp the user experience. Furthermore, we explored users’ emotional responses using the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model, enriching our understanding of their interaction with the platform. Throughout the analysis, we found that participants with metaverse experience showed higher success rates and spent less time on tasks compared to those who did not have such experience. Notably, while the tasks for learnability, focusing on basic functionalities, demonstrated relatively shorter durations, the slightly more intricate efficiency tasks took twice as long, regardless of metaverse familiarity. However, tasks for memorability, involving repetition of efficiency tasks, showed a marginal reduction in task duration. This underscores the potential to enhance usability and efficiency through education and learning initiatives. Meanwhile, the analysis indicated a high level of arousal according to the PAD model, underscoring the metaverse’s appeal in providing unrestricted access to diverse media and creating an engaging and novel environment. This study is expected to contribute significantly to evaluating and improving the usability of metaverse libraries, ultimately increasing user satisfaction and encouraging continued usage. By identifying areas for improvement through comprehensive assessments, we anticipate fostering a more enjoyable and efficient user experience within these virtual library environments.
Respiratory Severity Score (RSS): A Predictive Tool for Successful Extubation in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Shajan Nidhie , PV Varughese , Sharma Monika , Kaur Khushwant
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The coexistence of immature lungs, poor respiratory drive, overly compliant chest wall, and surfactant deficiency in preterm neonates, leads to dependency on mechanical ventilation during the first days of life. Respiratory Severity Score (RSS) is a readily available, simple and non-invasive extubation failure prediction tool.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the utility of pre-extubation RSS as a tool for predicting successful extubation among preterms.

Methods and Analysis:

This was a retrospective study with a duration of two years started after obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. All preterm neonates ventilated in NICU were included in the study. The hospital unit number was noted and the respective patient records were procured from the hospital records department. Demographic data were recorded from the files. Pre-extubation RSS was calculated. Other findings related to clinical review such as duration of invasive and non-invasive ventilation, surfactant requirement, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), early and late-onset sepsis, length of hospital stay (LOS), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) mortality data etc. were also recorded. The age, time of extubation and weight of those babies who underwent planned extubation were also recorded.

Results:

The RSS and RSS/kg were significantly higher among the neonates who failed extubation ( P < .001). The Area under curve (AUC) for RSS and RSS/kg was 0.921 and 0.85, respectively. There was a significantly higher proportion of morbidities such as late-onset sepsis ( P = .046), grade ≥3 IVH ( P = .004) and ROP ( P = .043) observed among the neonates with extubation failure. The prevalence of in-hospital mortality was observed only among neonates with extubation failure which was statistically significant ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

This study shows that pre-extubation RSS is an excellent tool for predicting successful extubation and is more accurate than RSS/kg. RSS could be a useful tool for clinicians to assess readiness of extubation. However, more prospective, multicentric studies are necessary to validate the generalizability of RSS.
‘I have a small window of time left that I’m going to do it’: Transitions, risk and life-planning in the careers of mobile athletes
Authors: Faulkner Christopher
Published: December 2024

Transitions are a significant part of peoples’ lives and perhaps consequently there is an abundance of sports research that focuses on career transitions. The focus of this research has primarily centred on the amateur to professional transition and the end of the professional journey, often referred to as ‘retirement’. Whilst other transitions have been presented such as migration across borders, these are often episodic and taken in isolation. The present research focuses on transitions to consider risk and life-planning in the lives of spatially mobile athletes through the lens of Giddens’ structuration model. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 male professional basketball players. These interviews delved into the lives of the interviewees with themes related to transitions emerging. These emergent themes unfold the concept of transition set against the idea of life as a series of overlapping experiences that represent the making of a life lived. In so doing, it humanises athletes within this research area by focusing on interlinking experiences. The experiences discussed highlight circular migration, maintaining careers, and preparing for post-playing careers as key transitional experiences overlapping with family life. The paper concludes by making practical and theoretical suggestions for how the knowledge generated informs how future research and policy should understand and approach how athletes interpret transitions and risks throughout their lives, impacting on a wide range of potential research areas including transitions and concussion.
Tribological and rheological properties of magnetorheological fluids: a comparative study of different carbonyl iron powders
Authors: Yu Long , Chen Fei , Li Haopeng
Published: December 2024

Rheological property is very important for magnetorheological fluids, but tribological property also is a crucial factor to determine whether magnetorheological fluids can work stably. In order to find suitable carbonyl iron powder for magnetorheological fluids, three magnetorheological fluids are prepared by ordinary, reduced, and phosphated carbonyl iron powders, and their properties are compared. The microstructures of the different carbonyl iron powders are observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Sedimentation stability of the magnetorheological fluids is obtained by observation. The tribological and rheological properties are measured by friction testing machine and rotational rheometer. The results show that MRF-pho have superior tribological property and sedimentation stability, MRF-ord have higher shear yield stress, MRF-red have better comprehensive properties.
Indigenizing the Alternative Campus Tour at York University, Toronto, Canada
Authors: Sandberg L Anders
Published: December 2024

This article presents the Alternative Campus Tour at York University, Toronto, Canada, as a land acknowledgement that critically engages with the neoliberal university and contributes to the indigenization efforts on and of the campus. This article also explores the potential of re-wording common-day academic concepts and words as a means of decolonization. Words and names can lack the animacy and intimacy that are necessary in addressing the current social justice and sustainability crisis. Translated and unique words and concepts from Indigenous languages hold room for innovation. They convey a consistent message of interconnectedness between the human and more-than-human worlds. This article recognizes that some universities have adopted Indigenous-inspired or Indigenous names for various campus attributes. But this article also points to the practice of incorporating Indigenous words, concepts and expressions as routine features on the campus tour rather than confining them to specific disciplines, courses and programmes.
A latent class analysis of lifetime potentially traumatic event exposure and the buffering role of social support on anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Miller Emily K.
Published: December 2024

This study examined relationships among lifetime trauma exposure, perceived social support, and anxiety during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 246 diverse adults (59.8% female/women, M age = 44.39 [SD = 12.96] living in Ohio who completed questionnaires on trauma exposure, perceived social support, and anxiety symptoms. Latent class analysis identified four distinct classes based on patterns of potentially traumatic event exposure: Low, Moderate-Low, Moderate, and High. Further analyses using the BCH method demonstrated that the High Exposure class was associated with significantly higher anxiety than other classes. Perceived social support buffered anxiety symptoms for the Low Exposure and Moderate-Low Exposure classes. This study highlights how trauma exposure impacts psychological and mental health in the context of a public health crisis and underscores the role of social relationships as a protective factor, with implications for trauma-informed mental health planning and programing to address disparities.
Some language learners don’t want help: Self-efficacy and teacher support in primary school foreign language classrooms
Authors: Kono Yuka , Hirosawa Emiko , Oga-Baldwin W.L. Quint
Published: December 2024

Self-efficacy, the belief in one’s own capability, is an important element in students’ academic success and positive functioning in school settings. However, self-efficacy, like motivation, is easily frustrated by the social environment in school. Although studies have investigated the cross-theoretical relationship between self-efficacy and autonomy support in English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms in a university and a secondary school setting, it has not been examined in the primary school context. To address the research gap, the present study explored the relationship that might exist between self-efficacy and perceived autonomy support in primary EFL classrooms. The participants were 454 fifth-grade students from three primary schools in Japan and Taiwan. They responded to scales measuring academic self-efficacy and perceived autonomy support. The three time-point data were collected during regular classes throughout the school year. The data were tested using a cross-lagged panel model. Results demonstrated that significant reciprocity existed between academic self-efficacy and perceived autonomy support. Unexpectedly, however, academic self-efficacy negatively predicted perceived autonomy support, which in turn negatively predicted academic self-efficacy. Findings indicate that despite the intentions of teachers to promote positive functioning, learners’ existing goals, desires, and inclinations also agentically influence their perceptions of learning environments. These findings offer both theoretical and practical considerations for future psychological research on young language learners.
Lingering bias: The effects of legislated gender quotas on representation quality in the European Parliament
Authors: Hermansen Silje Synnøve Lyder
Published: December 2024

How does biased political recruitment—and the legislation of gender quotas—affect the quality of representation? The article theorizes that biased selection implies a higher hurdle for women than for men. As a consequence, fewer—but more talented and ambitious—female legislators enter office. When quotas are legislated, the bias lingers but takes new forms. Uncertain about their initial choice, parties compensate by drawing on incumbent women’s legislative record to update their beliefs. Quota women are thus more accountable. Drawing on a “before-after” design with a control group, this study investigates legislators’ effort, performance, ambition, and reselection to the European Parliament (1999–2014). It demonstrates that non-quota women handled more high-impact legislation and aimed at longer careers than other legislators. When quotas were imposed, the share of women did not increase. However, quota women had a higher pay off from performing well in office and reacted by increasing their effort.
We Don’t Get Anywhere Alone: Reflections on the 2024 SOPHE Conference as a Full Circle Moment
Authors: Rich Rebecca , Rivera Elizabeth , Gonzalez-Digenio Sidney , Goolsby Aspen
Published: December 2024

As a new professor, I reflect upon the power of mentoring after bringing three students to the 2024 SOPHE conference. I juxtapose my past self, thrown into the world of professional conferences as a student, with my current early-career self, having transitioned from being a student member of SOPHE to a faculty member bringing my own students to a SOPHE conference. In addition, my students tell their stories of imposter syndrome, the National Case Study Competition in Health Education, and how they came to view the power of mentoring. They share their lessons and hopes for the future. The value of having a strong team of supportive colleagues and mentors is discussed. Furthermore, I consider the role I will now play as a mentor for my own students. This reflection comes on the heels of the 2024 SOPHE conference in St. Louis and highlights common messages about needing that support throughout all stages of one’s career.
Risk Factors for Major Lower Limb Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot Wound
Authors: Kang Hyunseong , Choi Sungwook , Lee Jaeryun
Published: December 2024

Category:

Diabetes; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Diabetic foot wound (DFW) is a relatively common diabetic complication and the leading cause of lower extremity amputation (LEA). Major LEA, such as below-knee or above knee amputations result in more physical disabilities and poorer socioeconomic functions than minor LEA, such as foot and phalangeal amputations. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) considered an important predictor of overall outcomes of DFW. The identification of risk factors for major LEA and investigation of effectiveness of revascularization treatment are critical for prevention and better prognosis of DFW patients.

Methods:

From January 2014 to December 2019, the study includes a total of 125 patients with DFW treated with any level of amputation. Demographic, diabetes-related, DFW related and relevant laboratory information were investigated to predict major amputation. To identify the risk factor for major amputation, logistic regression analysis was performed for each variable. The effectiveness of revascularization treatment was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Results:

Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DM duration (OR, 1.173; 95% CI, 1.073~1.282; p=0.001), PAOD (OR, 22,563; 95% CI, 2.270~93.282; p=0.008), previous amputation (OR, 8.460; 95% CI, 2.369~30.203; p=0.001), abscess (OR, 4.703; 95% CI, 1.275~17.341; p=0.020), Wagner classification grade (OR, 9.349; 95% CI, 2.512~34.794; p=0.001), CRP (OR, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.058~1.235; p=0.001) and albumin (OR, 0.344; 95% CI, 0.129~0.917; p=0.033) were significant risk factors in DFW patients. The major amputation free survival rate at 5 years was 97.4% in non-PAOD group, 49.0% in PAOD with non-revascularization group and 79.0% in PAOD with revascularization group. Moreover, there was statistically significant difference (p=0.001)

Conclusion:

Among various potential risk factors, the study results concluded that duration of DM, PAOD, previous history of amputation, presence of Abscess, Wagner grade (greater than 3), and such laboratory markers as CRP and albumin, are major risk factors predictive of major LEA in DFW patients. The most valuable and critical finding from the current study is that revascularization in diabetic foot patients with PAOD significantly improved major amputation-free survival rates.