bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and breadth of antibody cross-reactivity induced by recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimer vaccine is enhanced by combination adjuvants
Authors: Hernandez-Davies Jenny E. , Dollinger Emmanuel P. , Pone Egest J. , Felgner Jiin , Liang Li , Strohmeier Shirin , Jan Sharon , Albin Tyler J. , Jain Aarti , Nakajima Rie , Jasinskas Algimantas , Krammer Florian , Esser-Kahn Aaron , Felgner Philip L. , Nie Qing , Davies D. Huw
Published: June 2022

The effects of adjuvants for increasing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines are well known. However, the effect of adjuvants on increasing the breadth of cross-reactivity is less well understood. In this study we have performed a systematic screen of different toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, with and without a squalene-in-water emulsion on the immunogenicity of a recombinant trimerized hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in mice after single-dose administration. Antibody (Ab) cross-reactivity for other variants within and outside the immunizing subtype (homosubtypic and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity, respectively) was assessed using a protein microarray approach. Most adjuvants induced broad IgG profiles, although the response to a combination of CpG, MPLA and AddaVax (termed ‘IVAX-1’) appeared more quickly and reached a greater magnitude than the other formulations tested. Antigen-specific plasma cell labeling experiments show the components of IVAX-1 are synergistic. This adjuvant preferentially stimulates CD4 T cells to produce Th1>Th2 type (IgG2c>IgG1) antibodies and cytokine responses. Moreover, IVAX-1 induces identical homo- and heterosubtypic IgG and IgA cross-reactivity profiles when administered intranasally. Consistent with these observations, a single-cell transcriptomics analysis demonstrated significant increases in expression of IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c genes of B cells in H5/IVAX-1 immunized mice relative to naïve mice, as well as significant increases in expression of the IFNγ gene of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These data support the use of adjuvants for enhancing the breath and durability of antibody responses of influenza virus vaccines.
Quantifying the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrogen loading in the Western Lake Erie Basins
Authors: Song Jung-Hun , Her Younggu , Guo Tian
Published: June 2022

Soluble nitrogen is highly mobile in soil and susceptible to leaching. It is important to identify nitrogen transport pathways so that the sources can be efficiently targeted in environment management. This study quantified the contribution of direct runoff and baseflow to nitrate + nitrite loading by separating flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration measurements into two periods depending on whether only baseflow was present or not using baseflow separation methods. When both direct runoff and baseflow were present in streamflow, their nitrate + nitrite concentrations were assumed based on the hydrological reasoning that baseflow does not change rapidly, and streamflow mostly consists of direct runoff within a rainfall event. For this study, we obtained and investigated daily flow and nitrate + nitrite concentration observations made at the outlets of 22 watersheds located in the Western Lake Erie area. Results showed that baseflow was responsible for 26 to 77% of the nitrate + nitrite loads. The relative nitrate + nitrite load contributions of direct runoff and baseflow substantially varied with the sizes of drainage areas and agricultural land uses. Increases in drainage areas tend to prolong the travel time of surface runoff and thus help its reinfiltration into soil, which then could increase the baseflow contribution. In addition, the artificial drainage networks common in the agricultural fields of the study areas would promote the drainage of nutrient-laden excess water from soils. Such findings suggest the need for environmental management customized considering nitrogen transport pathways.
Predictive performance of different NTCP techniques for radiation-induced esophagitis in NSCLC patients receiving proton radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Mei , Wang Zeming , Jiang Shengpeng , Sun Jian , Wang Li , Sahoo Narayan , Brandon Gunn G. , Frank Steven J. , Xu Cheng , Chen Jiayi , Nguyen Quynh-Nhu , Chang Joe Y. , Liao Zhongxing , Ronald Zhu X. , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of different modeling methods in developing normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for predicting radiation-induced esophagitis (RE) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving proton radiotherapy. The dataset was composed of 328 NSCLC patients receiving passive-scattering proton therapy and 41.6% of the patients experienced ≥ grade 2 RE. Five modeling methods were used to build NTCP models: standard Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (sLKB), generalized LKB (gLKB), multivariable logistic regression using two variable selection procedures-stepwise forward selection (Stepwise-MLR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO-MLR), and support vector machines (SVM). Predictive performance was internally validated by a bootstrap approach for each modeling method. The overall performance, discriminative ability, and calibration were assessed using the Negelkerke R2, area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), and Hosmer–Lemeshow test, respectively. The LASSO-MLR model showed the best discriminative ability with an AUC value of 0.799 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.763–0.854), and the best overall performance with a Negelkerke R2 value of 0.332 (95% CI: 0.266–0.486). Both of the optimism-corrected Negelkerke R2 values of the SVM and sLKB models were 0.301. The optimism-corrected AUC of the gLKB model (0.796) was higher than that of the SVM model (0.784). The sLKB model had the smallest optimism in the model variation and discriminative ability. In the context of classification and probability estimation for predicting the NTCP for radiation-induced esophagitis, the MLR model developed with LASSO provided the best predictive results. The simplest LKB modeling had similar or even better predictive performance than the most complex SVM modeling, and it was least likely to overfit the training data. The advanced machine learning approach might have limited applicability in clinical settings with a relatively small amount of data.
Early response competition over the motor cortex underlies proactive control of error correction
Authors: Rodríguez-Herreros Borja , Amengual Julià L. , Vázquez-Anguiano Jimena Lucrecia , Ionta Silvio , Miniussi Carlo , Cunillera Toni
Published: June 2022

Response inhibition is a fundamental brain function that must be flexible enough to incorporate proactive goal-directed demands, along with reactive, automatic and well consolidated behaviors. However, whether proactive inhibitory processes can be explained by response competition, rather than by active top-down inhibitory control, remains still unclear. Using a modified version of the Eriksen flanker task, we examined the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates elicited by manipulating the degree of inhibitory control in a task that involved the fast amendment of errors. We observed that restraining or encouraging the correction of errors did not affect the behavioral and neural correlates associated to reactive inhibition. We rather found that an early, sustained and bilateral activation, of both the correct and the incorrect response, was required for an effective proactive inhibitory control. Selective unilateral patterns of response preparation were instead associated with defective response suppression. Our results provide behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of a simultaneous dual pre-activation of two motor commands, likely underlying a global operating mechanism suggesting competition or lateral inhibition to govern the amendment of errors. These findings are consistent with the response inhibitory processes already observed in speed-accuracy tradeoff studies, and hint at a decisive role of early response competition to determine the success of multiple-choice action selection.
Nudging societally relevant behavior by promoting cognitive inferences
Authors: Van Dessel Pieter , Boddez Yannick , Hughes Sean
Published: June 2022

Effective behavioral interventions are essential to address urgent societal challenges. Over the past decade, nudging interventions (i.e., arranging the environment to promote adaptive behavioral choices) have surged in popularity. Importantly, effective application of the nudging approach requires clear guiding principles with a firm basis in behavioral science. We present a framework for nudging interventions that builds on evidence about the goal-directed inferential processes underlying behavior (i.e., processes that involve context-dependent inferences about goals and the actions available to achieve these goals). We used this framework to develop nudging interventions that target context-relevant cognitive inferences. We examined the effectiveness of these inference nudging interventions for promoting two important types of societal behavior: pro-environmental actions and adherence to COVID-19 guidelines. As predicted, two online studies revealed that inference nudging interventions successfully increased energy conservation (Study 1) as well as social distancing during the COVID-19 crisis (Study 2). A field experiment found that inference nudging interventions increased hand disinfection in a real-life store during the COVID-19 crisis (Study 3). Our findings highlight the importance of applying state-of-the-art insights about the (inferential) determinants of behavior in behavior change interventions.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of HLA class II associations in patients with IgG4 autoimmunity
Authors: Panhuber Anja , Lamorte Giovanni , Bruno Veronica , Cetin Hakan , Bauer Wolfgang , Höftberger Romana , Erber Astrid C. , Frommlet Florian , Koneczny Inga
Published: June 2022

Autoimmune diseases caused by pathogenic IgG4 subclass autoantibodies (IgG4-AID) include diseases like MuSK myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Their etiology is still unknown. Polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene locus, particularly inHLA-DRB1, are known genetic susceptibility factors for autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized a similar role for HLA polymorphisms in IgG4-AID and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with case–control studies on IgG4-AID based on MOOSE/ HuGENet guidelines. Genotype (G) and allele (A) frequencies ofHLA-DQB1*05(G: OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.44–5.9;p < 0.00001; A: OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.82–3.55;p < 0.00001) andHLA-DRB1*14(G: OR 4.31; 95% CI 2.82–6.59;p < 0.00001; A: OR 4.78; 95% CI 3.52–6.49;p < 0.00001) and theHLA-DRB1*14-DQB1*05haplotype (OR 6.3; 95% CI 3.28–12.09;p < 0.00001/OR 4.98; 95% CI 3.8–6.53;p < 0.00001) were increased whileHLA-DRB1*13(G: OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.34–0.68;p < 0.0001; A: OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.34–0.62;p < 0.00001) was decreased in IgG4-AID patients. In conclusion, theHLA-DQB1*05,HLA-DRB1*14alleles and theHLA-DQB1*05-DRB1*14haplotype could be genetic risk factors that predispose for the production of pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies and theHLA-DRB1*13allele may protect from IgG4 autoimmunity.
Effects of rumen undegradable protein sources on nitrous oxide, methane and ammonia emission from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle
Authors: de Melo Coelho Larissa , de Figueiredo Brito Liziane , Messana Juliana Duarte , da Silva Cardoso Abmael , Carvalho Geovany Macêdo , de Nazaré Santos Torres Rodrigo , Carlos Roberta Souto , Malheiros Euclides Braga , da Cruz Mara Cristina Pessôa , Berchielli Telma Teresinha
Published: June 2022

The effects of sources of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in diets on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from the manure of feedlot-finished cattle were evaluated. We hypothesized that the use of different RUP sources in diets would reduce N loss via urine and contribute to reduced N2O, CH4 and NH3 emissions to the environment. Nellore cattle received different diets (18 animals/treatment), including soybean meal (SM, RDP source), by-pass soybean meal (BSM, RUP source) and corn gluten meal (CGM, RUP source). The protein source did not affect the N and C concentration in urine, C concentration in feces, and N balance (P > 0.05). The RUP sources resulted in a higher N2O emission than the RDP source (P = 0.030), while BSM resulted in a higher N2O emission than CGM (P = 0.038) (SM = 633, BSM = 2521, and CGM = 1153 g ha−2 N–N2O); however, there were no differences in CH4 and NH3 emission (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of RUP in diets did not affect N excretion of beef cattle or CH4 and NH3 emission from manure, but increased N2O emission from the manure.
Discovery of the cyclotide caripe 11 as a ligand of the cholecystokinin-2 receptor
Authors: Taghizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Retzl Bernhard , Muratspahić Edin , Trenk Christoph , Casanova Emilio , Moghadam Ali , Afsharifar Alireza , Niazi Ali , Gruber Christian W.
Published: June 2022

The cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system and constitutes a promising target for drug development in several diseases, such as gastrointestinal cancer. The search for ligands of this receptor over the past years mainly resulted in the discovery of a set of distinct synthetic small molecule chemicals. Here, we carried out a pharmacological screening of cyclotide-containing plant extracts using HEK293 cells transiently-expressing mouse CCK2R, and inositol phosphate (IP1) production as a readout. Our data demonstrated that cyclotide-enriched plant extracts from Oldenlandia affinis, Viola tricolor and Carapichea ipecacuanha activate the CCK2R as measured by the production of IP1. These findings prompted the isolation of a representative cyclotide, namely caripe 11 from C. ipecacuanha for detailed pharmacological analysis. Caripe 11 is a partial agonist of the CCK2R (Emax = 71%) with a moderate potency of 8.5 µM, in comparison to the endogenous full agonist cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8; EC50 = 11.5 nM). The partial agonism of caripe 11 is further characterized by an increase on basal activity (at low concentrations) and a dextral-shift of the potency of CCK-8 (at higher concentrations) following its co-incubation with the cyclotide. Therefore, cyclotides such as caripe 11 may be explored in the future for the design and development of cyclotide-based ligands or imaging probes targeting the CCK2R and related peptide GPCRs.
HER2 G776S mutation promotes oncogenic potential in colorectal cancer cells when accompanied by loss of APC function
Authors: Mitani Yosuke , Ohashi Shinya , Kikuchi Osamu , Nakai Yukie , Ida Tomomi , Mizumoto Ayaka , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Saito Tomoki , Kataoka Shigeki , Matsubara Junichi , Yamada Atsushi , Kanai Masashi , Matsumoto Shigemi , Sakai Hiroaki , Yoshikawa Kiyotsugu , Nakamura Eijiro , Muto Manabu
Published: June 2022

Clinical cancer genome sequencing detects oncogenic variants that are potential targets for cancer treatment, but it also detects variants of unknown significance. These variants may interact with each other to influence tumor pathophysiology, however, such interactions have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, the effect of target therapy for those variants also unclarified. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of a HER2 mutation (G776S mutation) of unknown pathological significance, which was detected together with APC mutation by cancer genome sequencing of samples from a colorectal cancer (CRC) patient. Transfection of the HER2 G776S mutation alone slightly increased the kinase activity and phosphorylation of HER2 protein, but did not activate HER2 downstream signaling or alter the cell phenotype. On the other hand, the HER2 G776S mutation was shown to have strong oncogenic potential when loss of APC function was accompanied. We revealed that loss of APC function increased Wnt pathway activity but also increased RAS–GTP, which increased ERK phosphorylation triggered by HER2 G776S transfection. In addition, afatinib, a pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed tumor growth in xenografts derived from HER2 G776S-transfected CRC cells. These findings suggest that this HER2 mutation in CRC may be a potential therapeutic target.
Machine learning predictive model for evaluating the cooking characteristics of moisture conditioned and infrared heated cowpea
Authors: Ogundele Opeolu. M. , Akintola Ayooluwa. T. , Fasogbon Beatrice M. , Adebo Oluwafemi.A.
Published: June 2022

Cowpea is widely grown and consumed in sub-Saharan Africa because of its low cost and high mineral, protein, and other nutritional content. Nonetheless, cooking it takes considerable time, and there have been attempts on techniques for speeding up the cooking process without compromising its nutritious value. Infrared heating has recently been proposed as a viable way of preparing instantized cowpea grains that take a short amount of time to cook while maintaining desired sensory characteristics. Despite this, only a few studies have shown the impact of moisture, temperature, and cooking time on cooking characteristics such as bulk density, water absorption (WABS), and the pectin solubility of infrared heated cowpea precooked using this technology. Artificial neural network was used as a machine learning tool to study the effect of a prediction model on the infrared heating performance and cooking characteristics of precooked cowpea seeds. With R values of 0.987, 0.991, and 0.938 for the bulk density, WABS, and pectin solubility, respectively, the prediction model created in this study utilizing an artificial neural network (a type of machine learning) outperformed the traditional linear, 2-factor interaction, and quadratic models.
Genetic control of rhizosheath formation in pearl millet
Authors: de la Fuente Cantó C. , Diouf M. N. , Ndour P. M. S. , Debieu M. , Grondin A. , Passot S. , Champion A. , Barrachina C. , Pratlong M. , Gantet P. , Assigbetsé K. , Kane N. , Cubry P. , Diedhiou A. G. , Heulin T. , Achouak W. , Vigouroux Y. , Cournac L. , Laplaze L.
Published: June 2022

The rhizosheath, the layer of soil that adheres strongly to roots, influences water and nutrients acquisition. Pearl millet is a cereal crop that plays a major role for food security in arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and India. We previously showed that root-adhering soil mass is a heritable trait in pearl millet and that it correlates with changes in rhizosphere microbiota structure and functions. Here, we studied the correlation between root-adhering soil mass and root hair development, root architecture, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and we analysed the genetic control of this trait using genome wide association (GWAS) combined with bulk segregant analysis and gene expression studies. Root-adhering soil mass was weakly correlated only to root hairs traits in pearl millet. Twelve QTLs for rhizosheath formation were identified by GWAS. Bulk segregant analysis on a biparental population validated five of these QTLs. Combining genetics with a comparison of global gene expression in the root tip of contrasted inbred lines revealed candidate genes that might control rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. Our study indicates that rhizosheath formation is under complex genetic control in pearl millet and suggests that it is mainly regulated by root exudation.
Time-resolved structure-function coupling in brain networks
Authors: Liu Zhen-Qi , Vázquez-Rodríguez Bertha , Spreng R. Nathan , Bernhardt Boris C. , Betzel Richard F. , Misic Bratislav
Published: June 2022

The relationship between structural and functional connectivity in the brain is a key question in systems neuroscience. Modern accounts assume a single global structure-function relationship that persists over time. Here we study structure-function coupling from a dynamic perspective, and show that it is regionally heterogeneous. We use a temporal unwrapping procedure to identify moment-to-moment co-fluctuations in neural activity, and reconstruct time-resolved structure-function coupling patterns. We find that patterns of dynamic structure-function coupling are region-specific. We observe stable coupling in unimodal and transmodal cortex, and dynamic coupling in intermediate regions, particularly in insular cortex (salience network) and frontal eye fields (dorsal attention network). Finally, we show that the variability of a region’s structure-function coupling is related to the distribution of its connection lengths. Collectively, our findings provide a way to study structure-function relationships from a dynamic perspective.
Chromosome-specific retention of cancer-associated DNA hypermethylation following pharmacological inhibition of DNMT1
Authors: Wiseman Ashley K. , Tiedemann Rochelle L. , Fan Huihui , Shen Hui , Madaj Zachary , McCabe Michael T. , Pappalardi Melissa B. , Jones Peter A.
Published: June 2022

The DNA methylation status of the X-chromosome in cancer cells is often overlooked because of computational difficulties. Most of the CpG islands on the X-chromosome are mono-allelically methylated in normal female cells and only present as a single copy in male cells. We treated two colorectal cancer cell lines from a male (HCT116) and a female (RKO) with increasing doses of a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)-specific inhibitor (GSK3685032/GSK5032) over several months to remove as much non-essential CpG methylation as possible. Profiling of the remaining DNA methylome revealed an unexpected, enriched retention of DNA methylation on the X-chromosome. Strikingly, the identified retained X-chromosome DNA methylation patterns accurately predicted de novo DNA hypermethylation in colon cancer patient methylomes in the TCGA COAD/READ cohort. These results suggest that a re-examination of tumors for X-linked DNA methylation changes may enable greater understanding of the importance of epigenetic silencing of cancer related genes.
Targeting LIPA independent of its lipase activity is a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Xihui , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Kumar Shourya , Lee Tae-Kyung , Moore Andrew , Ma Shihong , Chen Liping , Hsieh Michael , Li Mengxing , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Parra Karla , Blatt Eliot B. , Reese Tanner C. , Zhao Yuting , Chang Annabel , Yan Hui , Xu Zhenming , Pratap Uday P. , Liu Zexuan , Roggero Carlos M. , Tan Zhenqiu , Weintraub Susan T. , Peng Yan , Tekmal Rajeshwar R. , Arteaga Carlos L. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Vadlamudi Ratna K. , Ahn Jung-Mo , Raj Ganesh V.
Published: June 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor clinical outcome, due to a lack of actionable therapeutic targets. Herein we define lysosomal acid lipase A (LIPA) as a viable molecular target in TNBC and identify a stereospecific small molecule (ERX-41) that binds LIPA. ERX-41 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting in cell death, and this effect is on target as evidenced by specific LIPA mutations providing resistance. Importantly, we demonstrate that ERX-41 activity is independent of LIPA lipase function but dependent on its ER localization. Mechanistically, ERX-41 binding of LIPA decreases expression of multiple ER-resident proteins involved in protein folding. This targeted vulnerability has a large therapeutic window, with no adverse effects either on normal mammary epithelial cells or in mice. Our study implicates a targeted strategy for solid tumors, including breast, brain, pancreatic and ovarian, whereby small, orally bioavailable molecules targeting LIPA block protein folding, induce ER stress and result in tumor cell death.
Lycopene attenuates d-galactose-induced insulin signaling impairment by enhancing mitochondrial function and suppressing the oxidative stress/inflammatory response in mouse kidneys and livers
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Ting , Li Mengling , Shi Dongxing , Tan Xintong , Qiu Fubin
Published: June 2022

Lycopene attenuated d-galactose-induced insulin signaling impairment in mouse kidneys and livers by inhibiting oxidative stress and the inflammatory response and enhancing mitochondrial function.
Building blocks of β-sitosterol-γ-oryzanol gels revealed by small-angle neutron scattering and real space modelling
Authors: Gilbert Elliot Paul
Published: June 2022

Influence of localised aggregation of hollow tubules on small-angle neutron scattering, in particular, distortion of the primary peak, from real space modelling.
A case of perfect convergence of light and heavy hole valence bands in SnTe: the role of Ge and Zn co-dopants
Authors: Shenoy U. Sandhya , D. Goutham K. , Bhat D. Krishna
Published: June 2022

Remarkable engineering of the electronic structure of SnTe by co-doping Ge and Zn. The synergistic effect of the resonance level, increase in the band gap and perfect convergence of valence sub-bands with reduced thermal conductivity leads to enhanced TE performance.
Novel etodolac derivatives as eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Comert Onder Ferah , Siyah Pinar , Durdagi Serdar , Ay Mehmet , Ozpolat Bulent
Published: June 2022

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) has been shown to be an important molecular driver of tumorigenesis and validated as a potential novel molecular target in various solid cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Design and synthesis of eugenol/isoeugenol glycoconjugates and other analogues as antifungal agents against Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Goswami Lakshmi , Gupta Lovely , Paul Sayantan , Vermani Maansi , Vijayaraghavan Pooja , Bhattacharya Asish K.
Published: June 2022

Design and synthesis of eugenol and isoeugenol based glycoconjugates and other analogous have been achieved using click chemistry. Two out of all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antifungal activities against A. fumigatus.
The Use of Opioids in the Surgical Care of Patients With Orofacial Clefts: A Commentary and Guide to Management
Authors: Randall Ellen , Tran Khoa , Cordes Emma J. , Borschel Gregory H. , Tholpady Sunil S.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This commentary outlines the surgical pathway for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), identifies risks associated with opioid prescribing in this patient population, and summarizes strategies to safely minimize the need for perioperative opioid prescribing.

Conclusions:

Patients with orofacial clefts, CLP, undergo multiple reconstructive surgeries. The long-term effects of perioperative opioid prescriptions should concern all members of the cleft and craniofacial team. The amount of surgery each patient with a CLP may face varies by patient and can begin in infancy and continue to adulthood. In this commentary, the surgical pathway for CLP is reviewed, and the opioid crisis is addressed in regard to this vulnerable patient group. Solutions for cleft and craniofacial team members from evidence-based literature are summarized to minimize the use of opioids prescribed in this patient population. Approaches to reduce opioid use after CLP surgery are holistic and multidisciplinary.
Fast 3D‐HEVC inter coding using data mining and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Jia Kebin , Yu Yuan , Liu Pengyu , Sun Zhonghua
Published: June 2022

The Three‐Dimensional High Efficiency Video Coding standard is a video compression standard developed based on the two‐dimensional video coding standard HEVC and used to encode multi‐view plus depth format video. This paper proposes an algorithm based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting to solve the problem of high inter‐frame coding complexity in 3D‐HEVC. Firstly, explore the correlation between the division depth of the inter‐frame coding unit and the texture features in the map, as well as the correlation between the coding unit division structure between each map and each viewpoint. After that, based on the machine learning method, a fast selection mechanism for dividing the depth range of the inter‐frame coding tree unit based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm is constructed. Experimental results show that, compared with the reference software HTM‐16.0, this method can save an average of 35.06% of the coding time, with negligible degradation in terms of coding performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm has achieved different degrees of improvement in coding performance compared with the related works.
Plasmonic wideband GST‐based switch in the near‐infrared region
Authors: Heidari Saman , Nozhat Najmeh
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present a GST‐based wideband plasmonic switch. With the excitation of localised surface plasmons and concentration of electric field in the structure, a near‐perfect and wideband absorption is achieved. The switch consists of a GST layer, which acts as a Fabry–Perot cavity. Increasing the temperature and changing the state of GST lead to a high difference between the absorption spectra in amorphous and crystalline states in a wide range of wavelength. Therefore, the switch has a high extinction ratio of 13.71 dB at the wavelength of 1343 nm. Also, the response time of the switch is obtained as 46 fs. The structure has near‐perfect absorption up to the incident angle of about 20°. Moreover, due to the symmetry of structure, the absorption spectrum is independent of polarisation. To show the validity of simulation results, the analytical method of equivalent circuit model is presented. The proposed polarisation‐insensitive switch with high extinction ratio, fast response time and wide bandwidth can be used in photodetectors, plasmonic modulators and logic gates.
Pflege gestalten im Hier und Jetzt – Basale Stimulation in der pädiatrischen Pflege
Authors: Münstermann Uta
Published: June 2022

Dieser Beitrag ist der Einstieg zur Serie Basale Stimulation in der pädiatrischen Pflege – von „Leben erhalten“ und „Entwicklung erfahren“ über „die Welt entdecken“ und „Alltag leben“. Anknüpfend an diesen Artikel mit den theoretischen Basisinformationen des Konzepts Basale Stimulation wird in folgenden sechs Beiträgen dieses theoretische Wissen anhand von Praxisbeispielen aus den Bereichen der Neonatologie und Intensivversorgung, pädiatrischen Neuropädiatrie und Palliativversorgung verdeutlicht sowie der Alltag von beatmeten Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen einer Wohngruppe vorgestellt.
Was macht eine Pflegefachkraft im Bereich der Schulgesundheitspflege?
Authors: Romberg Anna
Published: June 2022

Klassischerweise arbeiten Pflegefachkräfte in Deutschland in unterschiedlichen Bereichen der klinischen Versorgung, in der ambulanten Pflege oder in der stationären Langzeitpflege. Dass Pflegende darüber hinaus auch in der primären Gesundheitsversorgung als erste niedrigschwellige Ansprechebene bei Erkrankungen Angebote machen können, setzt sich in Deutschland erst nach und nach durch. Neben dem internationalen Modell der Community Health Nurse erfährt in den letzten Jahren zunehmend das Modell von School Health Nurses – Schulgesundheitspflegenden – insbesondere durch Modellprojekte in Hessen und Brandenburg sowie den internationalen Schulen in Deutschland Beachtung. Was Schulgesundheitspflegende im Sinne der gesundheitlichen Versorgung für Kinder und Jugendliche an Schulen in Deutschland konkret anbieten, wurde im Rahmen einer Studie untersucht.
Zu Hause oder außer Haus?
Authors: Mund Annette
Published: June 2022

Eltern eines beeinträchtigten Kindes stehen oft vor der Entscheidung, wo dieses Kind leben und gepflegt werden soll. Wichtig dabei ist, dass diese Entscheidung für alle Beteiligten die beste Option ist – für das Kind ebenso wie für die Familie.
Coping with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma in Children –
Findings from an Interview Study on Bereaved Parents
Authors: Radlanski Kalinka , Hartwig Maite , Kordes Uwe
Published: June 2022

Background Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is the most common malignant glioma
in early childhood with median survival of only eleven months. This
retrospective interview study investigates specific coping strategies and needs
of affected parents.

Patients 13 interviews with parents of seven children who died from DMG at
the age of five to 16 years were conducted in 2016.

Method The used method is a problem-oriented guided interview with
consecutive content and evaluating structuring analysis according to
Mayring.

Results Major inductive category was whether the parents had talked to
their children about their upcoming death. All parents stated overall
satisfaction and comfort regarding their palliative care. Lack of psycho-social
support in families was successfully addressed by involving palliative care.

Conclusions Retrospective interview studies in this context are feasible.
Early involvement of the palliative care team may relieve burden from affected
parents. Open communication about death proved helpful for all involved parties,
it may facilitate acceptance of terminal illness and alleviate guilt in
parents.Concepts for an open and empowering communication within families and
between treatment site and families need continuing adjustment. The Palliative
care team may also have a key role regarding early phase trials and molecular
studies.
The Role of Formative Evaluation in Promoting Digitally-based Health Equity and Reducing Bias for Resilient Health Systems: The Case of Patient Portals
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Rigby Michael , Georgiou Andrew , Wong Zoie Shui-Yee , Kukhareva Polina , Medlock Stephanie , De Keizer Nicolet F. , Magrabi Farah , Scott Philip , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Patient portals are increasingly implemented to improve patient involvement and engagement. We here seek to provide an overview of ways to mitigate existing concerns that these technologies increase inequity and bias and do not reach those who could benefit most from them.

Methods: Based on the current literature, we review the limitations of existing evaluations of patient portals in relation to addressing health equity, literacy and bias; outline challenges evaluators face when conducting such evaluations; and suggest methodological approaches that may address existing shortcomings.

Results: Various stakeholder needs should be addressed before deploying patient portals, involving vulnerable groups in user-centred design, and studying unanticipated consequences and impacts of information systems in use over time.

Conclusions: Formative approaches to evaluation can help to address existing shortcomings and facilitate the development and implementation of patient portals in an equitable way thereby promoting the creation of resilient health systems.
The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics: 2021 Update
Authors: Hersh William R. , Haux Reinhold , Huesing Elaine , Ball Marion J. , Kimura Michio , Otero Paula , Detmer Don , Koch Sabine , Saranto Kaija K. , Wright Graham
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To summarize the activities of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI) in 2021 and welcome its 2021 Class of Fellows.

Methods: Report on governance, strategic directions, newly elected fellows, plenary meetings, and other activities of the Academy.

Results: As in 2020, all of the Academy's activities were carried out virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021, new Board members were elected. Strategic activities in data standards and interoperability and in mentorship moved forward. A new class of 26 Fellows was elected, bringing the total membership of the Academy to 204 Fellows from all regions of the world. In addition, a virtual plenary meeting was held.

Conclusions: The Academy has continued to pursue its role as the honorific society globally for biomedical and health informatics. Expansion of strategic activities and membership will continue moving forward.
Achieving Inclusivity by Design: Social and Contextual Information in Medical Knowledge
Authors: Hastings Janna
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To select, present, and summarize the most relevant papers published in 2020 and 2021 in the field of Knowledge Representation and Knowledge Management, Medical Vocabularies and Ontologies, with a particular focus on health inclusivity and bias.

Methods: A broad search of the medical literature indexed in PubMed was conducted. The search terms 'ontology'/'ontologies' or 'medical knowledge management' for the dates 2020-2021 (search conducted November 26, 2021) returned 9,608 records. These were pre-screened based on a review of the titles for relevance to health inclusivity, bias, social and contextual factors, and health behaviours. Among these, 109 papers were selected for in-depth reviewing based on full text, from which 22 were selected for inclusion in this survey.

Results: Selected papers were grouped into three themes, each addressing one aspect of the overall challenge for medical knowledge management. The first theme addressed the development of ontologies for social and contextual factors broadening the scope of health information. The second theme addressed the need for synthesis and translation of knowledge across historical disciplinary boundaries to address inequities and bias. The third theme encompassed a growing interest in the semantics of datasets used to train medical artificial intelligence systems and on how to ensure they are free of bias.

Conclusions: Medical knowledge management and semantic resources have much to offer efforts to tackle bias and enhance health inclusivity. Tackling inequities and biases requires relevant, semantically rich data, which needs to be captured and exchanged.
Posttreatment Imaging of the Wrist and Hand: Update 2022
Authors: Taljanovic Mihra S. , Omar Imran M. , Weaver Jennifer S. , Becker Jennifer L. , Mercer Deana M. , Becker Giles W.
Published: June 2022

Common indications for surgical procedures of the wrist and hand include acute fractures or fracture-dislocations; nonunited fractures; posttraumatic, degenerative, and inflammatory arthritides and tendinopathies; injuries to tendons, ligaments, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex; and entrapment neuropathies. Soft tissue or osseous infections or masses may also need surgical treatment. Several of these procedures require surgical hardware placement, and most entail clinical follow-up with periodic imaging. Radiography should be the first imaging modality in the evaluation of the postoperative wrist and hand. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic ultrasonography, and occasionally nuclear medicine studies may be performed to diagnose or better characterize suspected postoperative complications. To provide adequate evaluation of postoperative imaging of the wrist and hand, the interpreting radiologist must be familiar with the basic principles of these surgical procedures and both the imaging appearance of normal postoperative findings as well as the potential complications.
Malignant Central Airway Obstruction: What's New?
Authors: Shaller Brian D. , Filsoof Darius , Pineda Jorge M. , Gildea Thomas R.
Published: June 2022

Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) is a debilitating and life-limiting complication that occurs in an unfortunately large number of individuals with advanced intrathoracic cancer. Although the management of MCAO is multimodal and interdisciplinary, the task of providing patients with prompt palliation falls increasingly on the shoulders of interventional pulmonologists. While a variety of tools and techniques are available for the management of malignant obstructive lesions, advancements and evolution in this therapeutic venue have been somewhat sluggish and limited when compared with other branches of interventional pulmonary medicine (e.g., the early diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules). Indeed, one pragmatic, albeit somewhat uncharitable, reading of this article's title might suggest a wry smile and shug of the shoulders as to imply that relatively little has changed in recent years. That said, the spectrum of interventions for MCAO continues to expand, even if at a less impressive clip. Herein, we present on MCAO and its endoscopic and nonendoscopic management-that which is old, that which is new, and that which is still on the horizon.
Closed cycle 4 K nanowatt meter for hectogram payloads
Authors: Jenkins G. S. , Grutter K. E. , Petruzzi P. , Palmer B. S.
Published: June 2022

Superconducting computing research is motivated by fast energy-efficient computing, which creates the challenge of developing components with low-power dissipation requirements. In support of this research, we demonstrate a system that measures heat dissipated by electrical and absorbed optical power in packaged cryogenic devices at a temperature of 4 K. In our system, the device under test resides on a stage that is maintained at a constant 4 K using a feedback heater circuit. The sample stage is cooled via a passive weak thermal link to a stabilized 3 K bath of a closed-cycle pulsed-tube refrigerator. With a maximum device payload of 300 g and a weak thermal link of 13 800 K/W, the empirically determined minimum measurable dissipated power is 300 pW. With a very strong thermal link of 53 K/W, the maximum measurable dissipated power is 30 mW.
A three million Q factor tuning fork resonator based on a vibration isolation structure
Authors: Feng Zilong , Kong Mengmeng , Shi Ruiqi , Feng Zhi Hua
Published: June 2022

The quality factor (Q factor) is one of the most important parameters for a resonant sensor since it determines the performance of the resonant system. The mass distribution imbalance caused by the fabrication error has a great impact on the anchor loss, and the Q factor will, thus, decrease drastically. In this work, a vibration isolation structure of the tuning fork is proposed to eliminate the influence of weight imbalance so that an ultrahigh Q factor can be obtained. With this designed vibration isolation structure, we prove that the anchor loss can be reduced significantly via numerical simulations, and we experimentally demonstrate that Qanchor increases by at least 78.6%. Moreover, the surface loss of the fused quartz tuning fork is also reduced after chemical etching, and we use interdigital electrodes for electrostatic excitation to avoid loss caused by the metal film employed in the conventional excitation method. Finally, the Q factor increases to 3 × 106, which is one of the highest test values known at present, and it is 127% larger than that of the tuning fork that uses a coated metal film for electrostatic excitation.
Study on emergency ventilation optimization method for tritium leakage accident of high-pressure storage vessel
Authors: Cai Xingfu , Li Changjun , Huo Yonggang , Li Sufen , Xu Peng
Published: June 2022

In the process of tritium storage, the high-pressure storage vessel may be damaged due to accidental conditions, such as impact or drop, which results in tritium leakage. The tritium gas will be released and diffused into the space immediately, which inevitably causes radioactive hazards to personnel and the environment. Ventilation is considered to be the best emergency treatment method for a tritium leakage accident. According to the characteristics of fixed tritium amount and rapid release of tritium in the tritium leakage accident of the high-pressure storage vessel, the numerical simulation of high-pressure released tritium behavior in a confined space is carried out based on Fluent and compared with CATS test data. The error is no more than 5%. The ventilation conditions are optimized according to different ventilation positions and different ventilation rates. It is founded that the tritium removal efficiency when the vent is set on the roof is 30% higher than that on the side wall. The tritium concentration in a confined space can be reduced to the background level after ventilation for 30 min at a rate of 0.5 m3 s−1. The optimal recovery time of the environment is given, which provides technical support for the emergency treatment of the tritium leakage accident of the high-pressure storage vessel.
Embracing technology to deliver an intelligent Scarborough offshore facility
Authors: Pritchard Thomas , Mellows Roy J.
Published: June 2022

The Scarborough gas field is located approximately 375 km offshore the Burrup Peninsula in approximately 900 m water depth. The Scarborough Project will process gas from the field through a new semisubmersible Floating Production Unit (FPU), then through an onshore LNG facility. Woodside’s Operations and Project teams have focussed on enabling safe, reliable, and efficient operations to be realised throughout the facility operating life. Woodside has adopted a justify in, design out, embrace technology approach to meet this requirement. At the heart of this approach is the requirement to minimise the time required for personnel to be present on the facility. This is being achieved by utilising technology in design and innovative equipment and material selection. The FPU will be remotely controlled from an Integrated Remote Operations Centre located in Perth. Critical equipment located offshore will be constantly monitored for condition and performance with data able to be analysed efficiently, enabling effective and timely decisions. An extensive digital environment will be utilised to capture information and allow for intelligent solutions to aid this analysis. Materials and coatings have been selected to meet the design life and reduce maintenance-intensive refurbishment requirements. Offshore equipment can be remotely reset and restarted and includes appropriate sparing to maximise availability. Maintenance and environmental benefits have been realised by selecting electrical alternatives for lifeboats and cranes with a large installed battery system enabling a reduction in spinning reserves. This strategy will result in a lower emissions facility with reduced operating costs and offshore exposure hours.
Concurrent 2. Presentation for: Zero emissions LNG – a credible opportunity for the industry
Authors: Cox Peter
Published: June 2022

Presented on Tuesday 17 May: Session 2 Australia is vying with Qatar to be the top global liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter, with the Australian LNG industry earning around A$17 billion annually and employing over 50 000 people. But where is the LNG industry headed as we move towards a zero emissions global energy economy? This paper presents a credible road map for the industry to transition to a zero emissions industry across the whole value chain. It addresses the steps being taken to reduce fugitive emissions, beneficially use the CO2 extracted from natural gas streams, electrify the operation of liquefaction facilities, use zero emissions fuels for LNG shipping whilst recovering boil-off gas, capture and beneficially use solid inert carbon from the methane at the LNG destination country then distribute, and burn hydrogen making the whole process zero emissions. One of the main benefits of this pathway is that most of the infrastructure required already exists reducing the capital investment required, hence improving the economics. This paper examines the viability and technical maturity of each stage of this road map against other potential zero emissions technologies. Japan is one of Australia’s largest LNG customers and has committed to building a local hydrogen economy so has been used as the basis for the economic comparisons studied. To access the presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here