bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexibility is the key to tuning the transport properties of fluorinated imide-based ionic liquids
Authors: Philippi Frederik , Rauber Daniel , Palumbo Oriele , Goloviznina Kateryna , McDaniel Jesse , Pugh David , Suarez Sophia , Fraenza Carla C. , Padua Agilio , Kay Christopher W. M. , Welton Tom
Published: August 2022

The interplay of fluorination, flexibility, and mass affects the transport properties of imide ionic liquids. Here we show how the combination of experimental and theoretical techniques can disentangle such confounding variables.
Room-temperature coupling of methane with singlet oxygen
Authors: Huang Anhua , Wang Jingsheng , Wu Xingyang , Liu Hangchen , Cai Jun , Xu Guo Qin , Wang Song Ling
Published: August 2022

A singlet oxygen involving radical-pathway is reported for room-temperature conversion of methane to ethane with a yield of 647 μmol g−1 h−1 under solar light irradiation.
Systemic acquired resistance-associated transport and metabolic regulation of salicylic acid and glycerol-3-phosphate
Authors: Kachroo Aardra , Liu Huazhen , Yuan Xinyu , Kurokawa Tatsushi , Kachroo Pradeep
Published: August 2022

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a type of long-distance immunity in plants, provides long-lasting resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. SAR is thought to involve the rapid generation and systemic transport of a mobile signal that prepares systemic parts of the plant to better resist future infections. Exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying SAR have identified multiple mobile regulators of SAR in the last few decades. Examination of the relationship among several of these seemingly unrelated molecules depicts a forked pathway comprising at least two branches of equal importance to SAR. One branch is regulated by the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA), and the other culminates (based on current knowledge) with the phosphorylated sugar derivative, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This review summarizes the activities that contribute to pathogen-responsive generation of SA and G3P and the components that regulate their systemic transport during SAR.
Strong lensing in UNIONS: Toward a pipeline from discovery to modeling
Authors: Savary E. , Rojas K. , Maus M. , Clément B. , Courbin F. , Gavazzi R. , Chan J. H. H. , Lemon C. , Vernardos G. , Cañameras R. , Schuldt S. , Suyu S. H. , Cuillandre J.-C. , Fabbro S. , Gwyn S. , Hudson M. J. , Kilbinger M. , Scott D. , Stone C.
Published: July 2022

We present a search for galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in the initial 2500 square degrees of the Canada-France Imaging Survey (CFIS). We designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) committee that we applied to a selection of 2 344 002 exquisite-seeingr-band images of color-selected luminous red galaxies. Our classification uses a realistic training set where the lensing galaxies and the lensed sources are both taken from real data, namely the CFISr-band images themselves and theHubbleSpace Telescope (HST). A total of 9460 candidates obtain a score above 0.5 with the CNN committee. After a visual inspection of the candidates, we find a total of 133 lens candidates, of which 104 are completely new. The set of false positives mainly contains ring, spiral, and merger galaxies, and to a lesser extent galaxies with nearby companions. We classify 32 of the lens candidates as secure lenses and 101 as maybe lenses. For the 32 highest quality lenses, we also fit a singular isothermal ellipsoid mass profile with external shear along with an elliptical Sersic profile for the lens and source light. This automated modeling step provides distributions of properties for both sources and lenses that have Einstein radii in the range 0.5″ < θE < 2.5″. Finally, we introduce a new lens and/or source single-band deblending algorithm based on auto-encoder representation of our candidates. This is the first time an end-to-end lens-finding and modeling pipeline is assembled together, in view of future lens searches in a single band, as will be possible withEuclid.
J-PLUS: Discovery and characterisation of ultracool dwarfs using Virtual Observatory tools
Authors: Mas-Buitrago P. , Solano E. , González-Marcos A. , Rodrigo C. , Martín E. L. , Caballero J. A. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Cruz P. , Ederoclite A. , Ordieres-Meré J. , Bello-García A. , Dupke R. A. , Cenarro A. J. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , López-Sanjuan C. , Marín-Franch A. , Moles M. , Varela J. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Alcaniz J. , Sodré L. , Angulo R. E.
Published: August 2022

Context. Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) comprise the lowest mass members of the stellar population and brown dwarfs, from M7 V to cooler objects with L, T, and Y spectral types. Most of them have been discovered using wide-field imaging surveys, for which the Virtual Observatory (VO) has proven to be of great utility.

Aims. We aim to perform a search for UCDs in the entire Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (2176 deg2) following a VO methodology. We also explore the ability to reproduce this search with a purely machine learning (ML)-based methodology that relies solely on J-PLUS photometry.

Methods. We followed three different approaches based on parallaxes, proper motions, and colours, respectively, using the VOSA tool to estimate the effective temperatures and complement J-PLUS photometry with other catalogues in the optical and infrared. For the ML methodology, we built a two-step method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine algorithms.

Results. We identified a total of 7827 new candidate UCDs, which represents an increase of about 135% in the number of UCDs reported in the sky coverage of the J-PLUS second data release. Among the candidate UCDs, we found 122 possible unresolved binary systems, 78 wide multiple systems, and 48 objects with a high Bayesian probability of belonging to a young association. We also identified four objects with strong excess in the filter corresponding to the Ca ii H and K emission lines and four other objects with excess emission in the Hα filter. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of two of them indicate they are normal late-M dwarfs. With the ML approach, we obtained a recall score of 92% and 91% in the 20 × 20 deg2 regions used for testing and blind testing, respectively.

Conclusions. We consolidated the proposed search methodology for UCDs, which will be used in deeper and larger upcoming surveys such as J-PAS and Euclid. We concluded that the ML methodology is more efficient in the sense that it allows for a larger number of true negatives to be discarded prior to analysis with VOSA, although it is more photometrically restrictive.
Industrial-Scale Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Manufacture of Therapeutic SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Yi , Shan Xiao-Hui , Liu Yu , Li Jian-Qi
Published: August 2022

(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1) is a key intermediate for the preparation of promising SGLT2 inhibitors currently undergoing clinical tests for diabetes therapy. However, fewer reports have demonstrated the preparation of compound 1 at an industrial scale. In this article, an efficient preparation of the intermediate for the industrial production was explored from commercially available methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside in seven steps, including TBS protection, benzyl protection, TBS removal, iodination, reduction, demethylation, and oxidation. The batch of the validation process was 42.82 kg with a HPLC purity of 99.31%. The main advantages of this approach are that the total cost is lower than the reported laboratory-scale synthetic method, the quality is reproducible, and the process is safe and environmentally friendly.
University trademarks: strategies of top Chinese universities
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ma Tingjie
Published: August 2022

Fierce, ever-increasing competition has prompted universities to pay more attention to their academic brand. Since the 1980s, top Chinese universities have begun to register trademarks and manage academic brands. After more than 20 years of hard work, what have they achieved? This paper, which conducts research based on big data on the trademarks and litigation of the 42 first-class universities, is the first systematic analysis of the trademark practices and strategies of Chinese universities. Our data show the following dimensions of top Chinese universities: the timing of the first trademark application, core trademark, non-core trademarks, trademark elements, distribution of trademarks in the Nice Classification, number of trademarks, legal status, and trademark litigation. Additionally, several typical universities, offering both positive and negative examples, were studied. Through the above analysis, we found that the application has some blind spots, there is a lack of initiative in trademark litigation, and the trademark management systems in universities are not considered relevant. To solve these problems, a range of suggestions from macro to micro is offered to help universities formulate a systematic and reasonable trademark protection strategy, strengthen the legal protection of their trademark rights, and improve their internal trademark management system.
Elevated temperatures cause all-solid-state batteries to degrade
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: August 2022

Storage at as low as 70 degrees Celsius can create a detrimental porous cathode-electrolyte interface and reduce battery performance.
Dual-wavelength volumetric stereolithography of multilevel microfluidic devices
Authors: Smith Kaylee A. , Habibi Sanaz , de Beer Martin P. , Pritchard Zachary D. , Burns Mark A.
Published: August 2022

Microfluidic devices are typically fabricated in an expensive, multistep process (e.g., photolithography, etching, and bonding). Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a revolutionary technology for simple and inexpensive fabrication of monolithic structures—enabling microfluidic designs that are challenging, if not impossible, to make with existing fabrication techniques. Here, we introduce volumetric stereolithography (vSLA), an AM method in which polymerization is constrained to specific heights within a resin vat, allowing layer-by-layer fabrication without a moving platform. vSLA uses an existing dual-wavelength chemistry that polymerizes under blue light (λ = 458 nm) and inhibits polymerization under UV light (λ = 365 nm). We apply vSLA to fabricate microfluidic channels with different spatial and vertical geometries in less than 10 min. Channel heights ranged from 400 μm to 1 mm and could be controlled with an optical dose, which is a function of blue and UV light intensities and exposure time. Oxygen in the resin was found to significantly increase the amount of dose required for curing (i.e., polymerization to a gelled state), and we recommend that an inert vSLA system is used for rapid and reproducible microfluidic fabrication. Furthermore, we recommend polymerizing far beyond the gel point to form more rigid structures that are less susceptible to damage during post-processing, which can be done by simultaneously increasing the blue and UV light absorbance of the resin with light intensities. We believe that vSLA can simplify the fabrication of complex multilevel microfluidic devices, extending microfluidic innovation and availability to a broader community.
Short-term wind speed forecasting with regime-switching and mixture models at multiple weather stations over a large geographical area
Authors: Jia Tianxia , Sezer Deniz , Wood David
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a methodology to incorporate large-scale atmospheric information into short-term wind speed forecast over a large geographical area of about 435 000 square kilometers in Alberta, Canada. The analysis was done using two publicly accessible datasets. The ERA5 reanalysis dataset is used for atmospheric clustering by applying the k-means algorithm and the hidden Markov model on atmospheric variables related to wind speeds. It is shown that atmospheric clustering results align with some known wind patterns in Alberta. For short-term wind forecast, we propose time series regime-switching models and mixture models that integrate the clustering results to predict 6-h ahead wind speed at 23 weather stations in Alberta, Canada. The predictive performance is compared for atmospheric clustering methods and forecasting models. The results show that models that take into account meteorological conditions perform better than those do not. Furthermore, modeling multiple locations simultaneously produces fewer forecasting errors than modeling at a single location.
Microscopic nonlinear magnonic phase shifters based on ultrathin films of a magnetic insulator
Authors: Lake S. R. , Divinskiy B. , Schmidt G. , Demokritov S. O. , Demidov V. E.
Published: August 2022

Since magnonics takes advantage of not only the amplitude of spin waves but also their phase, tunable phase shifters are key elements for the implementation of magnonic circuits. Therefore, one of the major challenges in nano-magnonics is to find a physical mechanism to manipulate the spin-wave phase practically in simple and miniature devices. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that intrinsic magnetic nonlinearities allow the implementation of efficient microscopic tunable phase shifters, where the phase is controlled by wave intensity. In the proposed devices, we achieve the tunability of the phase shift of more than 360° by a microwave power of few milliwatts over a propagation distance of about 10 μm. We show that the figure of merit of the demonstrated phase shifters is close to that of macroscopic devices based on alternative technologies. Our results also indicate that the ability to control the phase shift is primarily limited by nonlinear spin-wave damping and can be significantly improved by suppressing this effect. Our findings are important for the further development of integrated nano-magnonics for beyond-Moore computing.
Thermal conductivity tensor of
γ
and
ɛ
-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane as a function of pressure and temperature
Authors: Perriot Romain , Cawkwell M. J.
Published: August 2022

Using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, we have determined the dependences on temperature and pressure of the thermal conductivity tensors for the monoclinic γ and ɛ polymorphs of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW or CL20). A recently developed non-reactive force field [X. Bidault and S. Chaudhuri, RSC Adv. 9, 39649–39661 (2019)], designed to study polymorphism and phase transitions in CL20, is employed. The effects of temperature and pressure are investigated between 200 and 500 K and up to 0.5 GPa for γ-CL20 and 2 GPa for ɛ-CL20. In order to obtain the full thermal conductivity tensor, κij, for the monoclinic crystals, four distinct heat propagation directions are used. We find that κij for both polymorphs is more isotropic than for other energetic molecular crystals, including α- and γ-RDX, β-HMX, and PETN, with a maximum difference of 9.8% between orientations observed at 300 K and 0 GPa for γ-CL20 and a maximum difference of 4.8% for ɛ-CL20. The average thermal conductivity, κ̄, of ɛ-CL20 is 6.4% larger than that of γ-CL20 at 300 K and 0 GPa. Analytic linear functions of the inverse temperature and the pressure are provided, which fit the data well and can be used to predict the thermal conductivity of both polymorphs for any orientation, pressure, and temperature in and around the fitting range. Our predictions agree reasonably well with the limited available experimental data, for which the polymorph type is unknown.
Rapid water dynamics structures the OH-stretching spectra of solitary water in ionic liquids and dipolar solvents
Authors: Palchowdhury Sourav , Mukherjee Kallol , Maroncelli Mark
Published: August 2022

In a recent study [J. Phys. Chem. B 126, 4584–4598 (2022)], we have used infrared spectroscopy to investigate the solvation and dynamics of solitary water in ionic liquids and dipolar solvents. Complex shapes observed for water OH-stretching bands, common to all high-polarity solvents, were assigned to water in several solvation states. In the present study, classical molecular dynamics simulations of a single water molecule in four ionic liquids and three dipolar solvents were used to test and refine this interpretation. Consistent with past assignments, simulations show solitary water usually donates two hydrogen bonds to distinct solvent molecules. Such symmetrically solvated water produces the primary pair of peaks identified in the OH spectra of water in nearly all solvents. We had further proposed that additional features flanking this main peak are due to asymmetric solvation states, states in which only one OH group makes a hydrogen bond to solvent. Such states were found in significant concentrations in all of the systems simulated. Simulations of the OH stretching spectra using a semiclassical description and the vibrational map developed by Auer and Skinner [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 224511–224512 (2008)] provided semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. Analysis of species-specific spectra confirmed assignment of the additional features in the experimental spectra to asymmetrically solvated water. The simulations also showed that rapid water motions cause a marked motional narrowing compared with the inhomogeneous limit. This narrowing is largely responsible for making the additional features due to minority solvation states manifest in the spectra.
Increased awareness of event-driven PrEP and knowledge of how to use it: results from a cross-sectional survey of gay and bisexual men in Australia
Authors: Chan Curtis , Fraser Doug , Grulich Andrew E. , Philpot Steven , Vaughan Matthew , Wacher Michael , Bavinton Benjamin R.
Published: August 2022

Background Recent changes to Australian PrEP prescribing guidelines support the use of event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (ED-PrEP) to prevent HIV among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Social marketing campaigns to increase awareness of ED-PrEP were conducted in early 2021. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of this method after these campaigns. Methods We conducted a national cross-sectional online survey about PrEP knowledge and attitudes from March to May 2021. Participants were asked if they had heard of ED-PrEP. Among aware participants, questions about the ‘2-1-1’ method were asked to assess knowledge. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the characteristics of those who were aware of ED-PrEP, and those who had correct knowledge of ED-PrEP. Analysis was restricted to non-HIV-positive cis-GBM who were aware of PrEP. Results Among the 419 participants eligible for this analysis, 286 (68.3%) had heard of ED-PrEP. Awareness was associated with living in a postcode with ≥10% gay men, PrEP experience, and belief ED-PrEP is effective. Of these 286 participants, 125 (43.7%) correctly answered questions about how to take ED-PrEP. Correct knowledge was associated with PrEP experience and belief ED-PrEP is effective. Conclusions A growing proportion of GBM are aware of ED-PrEP, but many still do not know how to take it as per clinical guidelines. More work is needed to increase knowledge among GBM to promote effective use of this method.
Reliable detection of low-density Pacific rats by using camera trapping
Authors: Yiu Sze Wing , Gronwald Markus , Russell James C.
Published: August 2022

Context Long-term monitoring is essential for control and eradication of invasive mammalian predators. Relative abundance indices are increasingly used when assessing population changes. However, indexing assumes constant detectability, when, in fact, it varies depending on numerous factors, including the type and spacing of monitoring devices, seasons, vegetation types, and inter- and intra-specific interactions. Aims We studied a population of Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) and examined the influence of vegetation types, seasons and inter-specific interactions on their detection. Methods We deployed tracking-tunnels, live-traps, chew cards, and trail cameras in three vegetation types during summer and winter. Detection rates of Pacific rats, mice (Mus musculus), stoats (Mustela erminea) and weka (Gallirallus australis) were calculated and compared among vegetation types, seasons and devices. Key results Pacific rats were not detected by any monitoring devices in the farmland, despite their presence in this habitat. In the forest and shrubland, cameras had the highest detection rate among all of the monitoring devices, whereas live-trap and chew cards failed to detect rats. Tracking tunnels detected Pacific rats only in the shrubland. Camera detections of Pacific rats were lower in winter than in summer, and detections were dominated by weka and stoats for both seasons. The seasonal effects may have reflected the population cycle of Pacific rats. Weka and stoats caused substantial physical interference to the tracking tunnels, live-traps and chew cards, which is likely to have deterred Pacific rat interactions through imposing high predation risks. Conclusions Cameras were the most effective device at detecting Pacific rats in low density and under high predator disturbances. Tracking tunnels and chew cards that are successful at detecting other Rattus spp. might not be reliable for detecting Pacific rats. Implications We recommend using camera monitoring for rodents where population density is low, or predator disturbance is high, and species are identifiable from pictures. Studies that draw inferences from relative abundance indices on rodents should exercise caution when rodent detectability is unknown.
Two-Qubit Geometric Gates Based on Ground-State Blockade of Rydberg Atoms
Authors: Xu Ji-Ze , Sun Li-Na , Wei J.-F. , Du Y.-L. , Luo Ronghui , Yan Lei-Lei , Feng M. , Su Shi-Lei
Published: August 2022

We achieve the robust nonadiabatic holonomic two-qubit controlled gate in one step based on the ground-state blockade mechanism between two Rydberg atoms. By using the Rydberg-blockade effect and the Raman transition mechanism, we can produce the blockade effect of double occupation of the corresponding ground state, i.e., ground-state blockade, to encode the computational subspace into the ground state, thus effectively avoiding the spontaneous emission of the excited Rydberg state. On the other hand, the feature of geometric quantum computation independent of the evolutionary details makes the scheme robust to control errors. In this way, the controlled quantum gate constructed by our scheme not only greatly reduces the gate infidelity caused by spontaneous emission but is also robust to control errors.
A MEMS frequency modulation electrometer based on pre-bias charge mechanism to enhance performance
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Chen Dongyang , Shi Zhan , Huan Ronghua , Xie Jin
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a prototype of micro-electromechanical frequency modulation electrometers based on pre-bias charge mechanism with a single-anchor circular beam (SACB) resonator. The SACB can overcome the uneven energy distribution in the traditional axial-extended tuning forks structure to weaken the geometric nonlinearity. The charge sensitivity is directly related to the pre-bias charge proven by both theorical and experimental results. With increase of pre-bias charge, the resonator works from the clumsy region to the sensitive region. The SACB electrometer has sensitivity of 5.14 ppm fC−1 under 1.416 pC bias in open-loop measurement and 4.52 ppm fC−1 in closed-loop measurement. Real-time dynamic modulation detection is completed with 0.354 fC step variation. Through the analysis of the noise power spectral density, increasing the pre-bias charge can suppress the noise floor of the resonator. As the bias is increased from 0.708 pC to 1.416 pC, the charge resolution is increased by almost 20 times, and the dynamic range is enlarged by 131%. The pre-bias mechanism can be also used in other resonant sensing applications for improvement of performance.
Upscaling from single- to multi-filament dielectric barrier discharges in pulsed operation
Authors: Höft H , Becker M M , Kettlitz M , Brandenburg R
Published: August 2022

A study on the scalability of discharge characteristics of a single-filament dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to a spatially one-dimensional multi-filament arrangement driven by the same high-voltage (HV) pulses was performed for a gas mixture of 0.1 vol% O2 in N2 at 1 bar. Both arrangements feature a 1 mm gap with dielectric-covered electrodes featuring two hemispherical alumina caps for the single-filament and two parallel alumina-tubes for the multi-filament arrangement. The DBDs were characterised by electrical measurements (for peak current, energy, and power) accompanied by iCCD and streak imaging to determine the filament number and the discharge development in the gas gap and on the surfaces. It was found that the electrical quantities scale with a constant factor between the single- and multi-filament arrangement, which is expected to be related to the filament number. In the multi-filament arrangement, the pulsed operation leads to filament formation in the entire gap in lateral direction within less than 2 ns. Furthermore, particular breakdown or discharge inception regimes were identified for the multi-filament DBDs. These regimes could be generated at the falling slope of asymmetrical HV pulses featuring e.g. a double-streamer propagation, which was previously reported for single-filament DBDs. Consequently, it was proven that the discharge manipulation by varying the HV pulse widths obtained for single-filament DBDs can also be applied in a one-dimensional multi-filament arrangement, i.e. an upscaling based on the knowledge for single-filament DBDs seems to be generally possible.
X-point and divertor filament dynamics from gas puff imaging on TCV
Authors: Wüthrich C. , Theiler C. , Offeddu N. , Galassi D. , Oliveira D.S. , Duval B.P. , Février O. , Golfinopoulos T. , Han W. , Marmar E. , Terry J.L. , Tsui C.K. , the TCV Team
Published: August 2022

A new gas puff imaging diagnostic has been installed on the TCV tokamak, providing two-dimensional insights into scrape-off-layer (SOL) turbulence dynamics above, at and below the magnetic X-point. A detailed study in L-mode, attached, lower single-null discharges shows that statistical properties have little poloidal variations, while vast differences are present in the 2D behaviour of intermittent filaments. Strongly elongated filaments, just above the X-point and in the divertor far-SOL, show a good consistency in shape and dynamics with field-line tracing from filaments at the outboard midplane, highlighting their connection. In the near-SOL of the outer divertor leg, short-lived, high frequency and more circular (diameter ∼15 sound Larmor radii) filaments are observed. These divertor-localised filaments appear born radially at the position of maximum density and display a radially outward motion with velocity ≈400 m s−1 that is comparable to radial velocities of upstream-connected filaments. Conversely, in these discharges (

B
→

×
∇
B

pointing away from the divertor), these divertor filaments’ poloidal velocities differ strongly from those of upstream-connected filaments. The importance of divertor-localised filaments upon radial transport and profile broadening is explored using filament statistics and in situ kinetic profile measurements along the divertor leg. This suggests that these filaments contribute significantly to electron density profile broadening in the divertor.
Drought propagation in space and time: the role of groundwater flows
Authors: Hellwig J , Liu Y , Stahl K , Hartmann A
Published: August 2022

Droughts cause large economic and social impacts all over the world. During drought, groundwater maintains streamflow and can help to mitigate impacts. It governs how drought propagates through the hydrological cycle. Groundwater flows between topographic catchments may modify groundwater dynamics considerably and also influence groundwater’s drought mitigation potential. In this study, we relate drought propagation times to quantitative estimates of groundwater gains or losses for a global set of catchments. For the majority of catchments there is no link found, however, for 16.5% of both groundwater gaining and groundwater losing catchments groundwater flow processes affect drought propagation. Influences of intercatchment groundwater flows (IGFs) on drought propagation are significantly related to catchment characteristics and abundant in North America, South America and Australia. As IGF mostly slow down drought propagation they may increase the potential of the system to buffer meteorological droughts. Reliable drought forecasting and proactive drought governance will benefit from better understanding major influences on drought propagation including IGFs.
Preservation of the filtration capacity of the formation by increasing the strength of the crust and colmatating ability of the drilling fluid
Authors: Raupov A A , Aminov A M , Igamberdiyeva L Z
Published: August 2022

The insufficient density and low strength of the mudcake does not ensure the complete cessation of drilling fluid penetration into the reservoir capillary volume. At the same time, the penetrating components of the solutions, upon contact with the formation components, lead to clogging of the capillary volume due to physicochemical processes. The experiments were carried out on cores made from carbonate rocks of a similar composition of the productive formation and on artificial cores made from carbonate rocks, 30 mm in diameter and 40 mm long. The initial gas permeability of artificial samples was approximately the same (3.6-3.7 m) According to the results, the high strength of the colmatation barrier created by WC-Y736-A polyethylene powder and the low strength of the bonfire-kenaf and cotton cellulose. The resulting deep clogging of the pores and sufficient strength of the polyethylene colmatation barrier was achieved due to their high degree of swelling and physico-chemical effect of the colmatant with the rock.
Development of a lightweight grouting composition with a moderate expansion effect
Authors: Eshpulatov T P , Aminov A M
Published: August 2022

Typically, oil well cement without additives with a water-cement ratio (WC) of 0.5 at a temperature of 393 K and a pressure of 40 MPa has a shrinkage of up to 0.015% by volume. This is a sufficient value for the formation of a channel between the borehole wall and the outer diameter of the casing string. In this research, Kokdumalak gas and oil field in Uzbekistan was selected as study site. During the experiments, laboratory studies with SAF on the subject of its use for cementing wells as an additive to Portland cement in order to increase the tightness of the cement ring of the production casing, prevent annular gas manifestations during WOC and formation of annular pressure. Comparing the results of physical and mechanical tests of these compositions, it can be noted that the pumpability of the composition containing basalt flour waste was somewhat higher, the end of setting occurs somewhat later (3 hours 50 minutes for 2 composition No. 2 and 4 hours 30 minutes for the composition No. 1).
Development and implementation of technological processes and modes of preparation of cotton fold for extraction of pectin substances
Authors: Muminov N , Odinaev M , Vasiev Kh , Abdirayimov A , Kurambayev M
Published: August 2022

The technology for the production of pectin from apple pomace, beet pulp, sunflower baskets and many other types of vegetable raw materials is briefly described. The quality of the final finished product - pectin, depends not only on physical and chemical processes, but also to a large extent on the quality and method of preparation of pectin-containing raw materials. An important place in the production of pectin is occupied by the processes of preparation of pectin-containing raw materials, hydrolysis-extraction and precipitation of pectin substances, on the correct implementation of which the yield and physicochemical parameters of the target product largely depend. In this regard, the preparation of pectin-containing raw materials, the research and development of technological regimes and processes for preparing the cotton flap, as a new type of raw material, are relevant and of great scientific and practical importance. Based on the research results, a technological line for the production of pectin from cotton flaps was developed. Pilot-industrial production of powdered pectin was mastered at the created experimental production “Buttermilk” of the Chinaz district of the Tashkent province, Uzbekistan. Moreover, 2.6 tons of food pectin were produced from cotton pods and on its basis 72.0 tons of marmalade were made for sale.
Methods of using bentonite powder in cleaning sugar corn stem juice
Authors: Azizov A , Abdurazzoqova M , Abdurazzaqova S
Published: August 2022

Sugar syrups are used by beekeepers as an additional source of food for bees during the off-season (late autumn and early spring). It was found that the scientific and practical results of the scientists of Uzbekistan to solve these problems are insufficient. In order to address these shortcomings to some extent, the research has selected sugar corn juice, which is rich in carbohydrates, various vitamins and micro and macro elements, suitable for the climatic conditions of the Republic. The main task of our research is to develop a method of extracting the juice by processing them, purifying them from various physicochemical compounds and feeding them to bees as sufficient raw material base for the production of different varieties of sugar corn juice selected as the object of research. The purpose of our research is to scientifically substantiate the methods of processing the varieties of sugar corn “Uzbekistan 18”, “Karabosh” and “Oranjevoe-160” to extract the juice from the stem, purify them and use them as food for bees.
Technology of growing Bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) seedlings from green cuttings in Tashkent province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Ch Namozov I , Normuratov I T , Ch Kurbonmurodov A
Published: August 2022

Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) is one of the most popular fruit plants in the world consumer market. In North America, cultivars of blueberry are widely used as a valuable food and medicinal plant. Blueberries are widely used in both folk medicine and official medicine. This research was aimed at researching different technology use in growing Bog blueberry seedling using its green cuttings in Tashkent province, Uzbekistan. During the experiments, phenological observations and statistical analysis method Dospekhov were employed to analyze growth Bog blueberry in different treatment options. The results showed that the effect of plant concentration on the diameter of the young plant body was recorded at indolyl butyric acid-80 mg/l and Indolyl butyric acid-100 mg/l at plant concentration. In this variant, too, the effect of the concentration of the growing substance on the body diameter of the plants was positive, and it was found that the Duke variety was in the range of 7.5-7.1 mm and the Patriot variety in the range of 6.5-6.4 mm. The highest rate of total average leaf level of plants (360.8-359.7 cm2) was recorded in plants developed from green cuttings of the Duke variety.
Studying the composition of complex mineral fertilizers and inorganic salts in accordance with international REACH requirements
Authors: Dormeshkin O , Hauryliuk A , Muminov N , Khoshimov B
Published: August 2022

The qualitative and quantitative composition of chemical substances, entering in the complement of products of enterprise such as technical fluoride of aluminum, artificial technical cryolite, waterless sulfite of sodium, NPK-complex fertilizers of brands (10:19:25), (16:16:16), 7:16:31 (B), ammoniated superphosphate, ammophos, and also bulk blending fertilizers, containing ammonia nitrate as the nitrogen component, is defined. Chemical, phase, quantitative and mineralogical composition of products are set and specified, physical, structural-mechanical and physical-chemical properties of products are studied with the use of methods of X-ray analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal, electronic-microscopic, grain-size, mass spectroscopic analyses and also calculations of balances on separate cations and anions taking into account their charges.
Mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) hybrids in Uzbek selection and, viability, cocoon productivity, and reproductive indicators in summer and fall seasons
Authors: Umarov Sh , Nasirillaev B , Batirova A
Published: August 2022

The demand for silk products with high metric number (thin) in the world market is growing every year. The main demand of cocoon processing enterprises in China, India, South Korea, Italy, France and Japan, the leading countries producing silk products, is focused on silk yarns of type 3A, 4A, and 5A. Due to the lack of special mulberries for re-worm feeding, summer-fall worm feeding usually begins after the mulberry trees and mulberries, whose seedlings have been cut down for spring worm feeding, have harvested enough leaf produce. Nutritional degradation of the leaves to worms and hot weather together make it difficult for the worms to eat and digest nutrients during repeated feeding, and the worms slow down the synthesis of silk substance in the silk gland. Therefore, in summer and fall, small, silky-thin cocoons are obtained. At the same time, it is important to try and select breeds and hybrids that are resistant to hot weather conditions and create new breeds and hybrids suitable for the summer and fall seasons. This article describes the results of research conducted on the testing of silkworm breeds and hybrids in the conditions of repeated worm feeding and the selection of the required level in terms of productivity characteristics. In separate experiments conducted during the summer and fall seasons of 2016-2018, the worm viability, cocoon productivity, and germination traits of each breed, system, and breeding hybrid were studied comparatively.
Preservation of straw with fodder melons and gourds in the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Nurmatov A , Jabborov SH , Sobirkhonov A , Sharipov O , Karibaeva D
Published: August 2022

The results of the preservation of hay and silage with pumpkin and watermelon are presented, which can be used to feed livestock of all types and ages in the autumn-winter period when harvesting hay and silage for effective use in farms and personal subsidiary plots. Recommended for use as a succulent feed, especially in arid regions. It is recommended to be used in personal, subsidiary, peasant and farm enterprises during the autumn-winter feeding of livestock, as well as in educational processes in the field of animal husbandry. As a result of canning straw with edible watermelons and zucchini, significant changes in their chemical composition were also observed. There was no significant difference in dry matter content in all variants.
Methodology of intangible assets efficiency analysis in agriculture
Authors: Rizaev N , Kadirov S
Published: August 2022

Economic analysis is an interconnected end of the study and research of specific economic phenomena, processes, actions, and results. This analysis is used to identify and evaluate basis factors that have a positive or negative effect on various indicators in the development of method economic processes in agriculture. Using economic analysis, unused reserves were identified to improve production performance. The results of the economic analysis are used in forecasting and long-term planning of economic processes, as well as in the development of programmes and recommendations for future development, useful activities. This article addresses the issues of methodology for the analysis of the effective use of intangible assets. In the analysis of the efficiency of intangible assets, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations are formed, which allow to determine its indicators of profitability, turnover, profitability, and on this basis to make management decisions in agriculture.
Biometrical study of artemia cysts harvested from the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan
Authors: Utemuratova F J , Kim S I , Kamilov B G , Yuldashov M A , Mustafaeva Z A
Published: August 2022

Artemia (Artemia parthenogenetica) has been consistently identified in the plankton of the salinizing Aral Sea since the 1990s and by now it has become dominant in the water body. The objective of the research was to investigate diameter, population and distribution of Artemia cysts in Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan. During the study observation, the diameter of untreated and decapsulated cysts and the chorion thickness were determined in samples collected in November 2020 on the eastern and southern shores of the Aral Sea remnant (Uzbekistan). The results showed that in samples from the eastern coast, the sizes of untreated cysts were 210-310 (on average 270.6 + 3.1) µm, the sizes of decapsulated cysts were 160-260 (212.2 + 3.8) µm, the calculated diameter of the chorion was 29.2 µm. In samples from the southern coast, the sizes of untreated cysts were 198-330 (265.3 + 4.09) µm, the sizes of decapsulated cysts were 198-297 (242.8 + 3.37) µm, and the calculated diameter of the chorion was 11.1 µm.
Effective methods of preventing degradation of desert pasture soils of Uzbekistan
Authors: Namozov N , Saidova M , Urmanova M , Burxanova D , Rasulov X , Tursinbayev M
Published: August 2022

Natural desert pastures are the main source of fodder for the livestock of the republic, which allows them to use desert pastures all year round. In this research, effective agro-technical measures used to cultivate promising varieties of desert forage plants suitable for soil-climatic conditions was studied in order to improve the condition and increase the productivity of degraded desert pastures. Predictive methods were employed to development of agro-technical measures aimed at restoring, maintaining, increasing and protecting the fertility of sandy desert soils in improving the condition of desert pastures, and to implement a number of complex measures, such as overcoming the process of soil degradation. According to the results, The results showed that seeds of shrubs and semi-shrubs are sown at a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm, the norm of sowing the seeds of the same crop, salsola orientalis and haloxylon 6-8 kg/ha, male grass 5-6 kg/ha and other desert plants planted in accordance with regulatory documents. Once the seedlings began to germinate, field germination of seeds, number of seedlings and retention dynamics, development of adult plants, and formation of the root system were determined.
Soil salinity assessment research using remote sensing techniques: a special focus on recent research
Authors: Kholdorov Sh , Gopakumar Lakshmi , Katsura K , Jabbarov Z , Jobborov O , Shamsiddinov T , Khakimov A
Published: August 2022

Soil salinity is an important environmental problem affecting arid and semi-arid regions. There are direct measures for measuring soil salinity but the conventional methods of assessing soil salinity through chemical analysis is time consuming. With the development of GIS, remote sensing and its popularization in soil science research, the evaluation of soil salinity has become much easier, with the advantage of getting accurate results without tedious sampling. This research addresses the status of various studies done in the international scenario to assess soil salinity and evaluates them. The evaluation is based on the type of articles, geographical region and funding sources. In general, this study will bring out the advantages of remote sensing as an efficient tool for soil salinity related research in the light of current research compared to the contemporary studies in the same field.
The dependence of the growth of carp yearlings (cyprinus carpio) on the density of planting in cages in the conditions of the Karkidon reservoir of Uzbekistan
Authors: Akromov U K , Ismailkhodjaev K B , Yuldashov M A , Kamilov B G
Published: August 2022

The effect of stocking density on the growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in cages was studied. Common carp yearlings (22 g) from the pond hatchery were stocked at 30, 60, 90 ind./m3 (in triplicate). Fish were fed with “Huvalon siliao” aquafeed (Uzbekistan) (35% protein) with ratio 3% of the fish biomass per day. The growth rates of fish in different variants, both in absolute terms and in relative terms (growth rate, specific growth rate), were the same. Carp yearlings were brought from a pond fish nursery and planted evenly in cages. A week was allo-cated as a period of adaptation of fish to the conditions of cages, during this period they were fed at the rate of 3% of the fish biomass. At the beginning of the experiment (May 10) the fish were planted in 30, 60, 90 yearlings of carp in a cage (in triple repetition), the average individual weight of carp (w1, g) in each of the nine cages was 22 g.
Assessment of plant species diversity (Lamiaceae Lindle.) in Uzbekistan based on DNA barcoding
Authors: Nikitina E.V. , Yu. Beshko N. , Omarov S.A.
Published: August 2022

Biological diversity preservation is important concept in modern science and environmental policy of Uzbekistan, improving the status of global biodiversity. Flora of Uzbekistan accounts over 4380 species of vascular plants. 378 taxa representing approximately 9% of currently recognized species diversity of Uzbekistan are considered as a national endemics. The present study aimed at species identification and inventory of wild, rare and endangered plant species based on molecular genetic techniques. For effective species identification and high results reliability, the genotyping of three-four loci of the combinations nuclear and chloroplast DNA-barcodes was performed for all studied species. The genotyping of marker sequences ITS, rbcL, trnL-trnF, matK for Dracocephalum adylovii I.I. Malzev is conducted the first time in Uzbekistan. The reliable similarity in the BLAST database is determined at the genus taxonomic level. 78 consensus nucleotide sequences were obtained for Lamiaceae species. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on marker sequence encoding the matK fragment are presented for representative of three subfamilies: Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae recorded in the flora of Uzbekistan. Currently, the solution of biological diversity preservation is global. The possibility of successful application of DNA-barcoding for ecological monitoring is demonstrated.
Species diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) in Uzbekistan using ITS sequence data
Authors: Nikitina E , Khalbekova Kh
Published: August 2022

Regular monitoring and comprehensive study of natural populations rare endangered species, both by classical taxonomy and molecular genetic analysis methods are of considerable importance all over the world. This work has focused at the research of species diversity flora of Uzbekistan using combinations of DNA markers. Currently, there are no universal DNA site for plant species identification. Pairwise sequence alignments and multiple sequence alignments are made using ClustalW program. DNA sequence data were used to verify the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic aspects of the studied representatives the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) collected in Uzbekistan territory. The phylogenetic analyzes of this tribe was reconstructed for 44 species, representing 19 genera using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS), containing ITS1 and ITS4 adopted as an important basis, since it can provide a high resolution of relationships. 15 consensus ITS gene sequences were obtained for studied species in this work and 29 published molecular sequence data from GenBank were used. Dendrograms were constructed using hierarchical clustering with the software Mega X. The parsimony analyses were resulted in an accurate consensus tree. Three major clades was identified within the tribe Mentheae. So, this paper demonstrates the successfully usefulness of DNA technology as a tool for genetic inventory at the species diversity assessment of rare endangered plants.