bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of sertraline, self-administered cognitive behavior therapy, and their combination for panic disorder
Authors: Koszycki D. , Taljaard M. , Segal Z. , Bradwejn J.
Published: May 2010

Background

Self-administered cognitive behavior therapy (SCBT) has been shown to be an effective alternative to therapist-delivered treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, it is unknown whether combining SCBT and antidepressants can improve treatment. This trial evaluated the efficacy of SCBT and sertraline, alone or in combination, in PD.

Method

Patients (n=251) were randomized to 12 weeks of either placebo drug, placebo drug plus SCBT, sertraline, or sertraline plus SCBT. Those who improved after 12 weeks of acute treatment received treatment for an additional 12 weeks. Outcome measures included core PD symptoms (panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobic avoidance), dysfunctional cognitions (fear of bodily sensations, agoraphobic cognitions), disability, and clinical global impression of severity and improvement. Efficacy data were analyzed using general and generalized linear mixed models.

Results

Primary analyses of trends over time revealed that sertraline/SCBT produced a significantly greater rate of decline in fear of bodily sensations compared to sertraline, placebo/SCBT and placebo. Trends in other outcomes were not significantly different over time. Secondary analyses of mean scores at week 12 revealed that sertraline/SCBT fared better on several outcomes than placebo, with improvement being maintained at the end of continuation treatment. Outcome did not differ between placebo and either sertraline monotherapy or placebo/SCBT. Moreover, few differences emerged between the active interventions.

Conclusions

This trial suggests that sertraline combined with SCBT may be an effective treatment for PD. The study could not confirm the efficacy of sertraline monotherapy or SCBT without concomitant medication or therapist assistance in the treatment of PD.
The Sky of the Theatre
Authors: Barba Eugenio
Published: May 2010

Eugenio Barba founded Odin Teatret in 1964, since when it has become one of the most widely known non-official theatre collectives of the past half-century, and Eugenio Barba one of the most influential figures in world theatre. The following is his speech of thanks to the members of the Academy of Music and Theatre of Estonia for bestowing the title of Doctor Honoris Causa. It was delivered in Tallinn on 27 September 2009.
Site-Specific Dance in a Corporate Landscape
Authors: Kloetzel Melanie
Published: May 2010

Site-specific performance relies on the terms space and place as markers for discussing a performance's engagement with a site. However, practitioners and researchers are often disgruntled by the limitations such terms impose upon site-specific performance – as was Melanie Kloetzel, in the creation of The Sanitastics, a site-specific dance film created in the Calgary Walkway System. In this article, Kloetzel examines how theorists have struggled with space and place in the last four decades and how bringing in the perspective of the body allows us to reassess our assumptions about these terms. As she analyzes her creative process, she discovers the restrictions as well as possibilities in space and place, but she also notes the need for Marc Augé's idea of non-place to clarify her site-specific efforts in the homogenized, corporate landscape of the Walkway System. Kloetzel is an associate professor at the University of Calgary and the artistic director of kloetzel&co, a dance company founded in New York City in 1997 that has presented work across North America. Her site-specific films have been shown in Brazil, Belgium, Canada, and the United States, and her anthology with Carolyn Pavlik, Site Dance: Choreographers and the Lure of Alternative Spaces, was published by the University Press of Florida in 2009.
Sarah Daniels: Feminist Enque(e)ry within the Mainstream
Authors: Bartleet Carina
Published: May 2010

Sarah Daniels is a playwright who has been closely identified with feminist theatre throughout her career. In this article, Carina Bartleet examines Daniels's plays from the early work of the 1980s through to her more recent output by exploring lesbian representation. Emphasis is placed on lesbian/queer representations through renegotiation with feminist theatre and gendered spectatorship. The work argues that Daniels's oftcriticized reluctance to stage lesbian desire can be viewed as a continuation of her feminist intervention into the gendered construction of the gaze in mainstream theatre. Carina Bartleet is a Lecturer in Drama at Oxford Brookes University. She read Biological Sciences at Oxford University, taking her PhD in Drama at Exeter on the intertextual dimension of the plays of Sarah Daniels. Her interests are science, gender, and performance in contemporary theatre. She is currently working on a book on theatre and science, and has published articles in Modern Drama and Studies in Theatre and Performance.
Orienting to third-party conversations
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-SUSSMANN CARMEN , AKHTAR NAMEERA , DIESENDRUCK GIL , MARKSON LORI
Published: May 2010

Children as young as two years of age are able to learn novel object labels through overhearing, even when distracted by an attractive toy (Akhtar, 2005). The present studies varied the information provided about novel objects and examined which elements (i.e. novel versus neutral information and labels versus facts) toddlers chose to monitor, and what type of information they were more likely to learn. In Study 1, participants learned only the novel label and the novel fact containing a novel label. In Study 2, only girls learned the novel label. Neither girls nor boys learned the novel fact. In both studies, analyses of children's gaze patterns suggest that children who learned the new information strategically oriented to the third-party conversation.
Using local ecological knowledge to identify shark river habitats in Fiji (South Pacific)
Authors: RASALATO ERONI , MAGINNITY VICTOR , BRUNNSCHWEILER JUERG M.
Published: May 2010

Local ecological knowledge (LEK) and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have the potential to improve community-based coastal resource management (CBCRM) by providing information about the presence, behaviour and ecology of species. This paper explores the potential of LEK and TEK to identify shark river habitats in Fiji, learn how locals regard and use sharks, and capture ancestral legends and myths that shed light on relationships between these animals and local people. Interviews with representatives from 22 villages, communities and fishing settlements associated with seven riverine areas on Viti Levu and Vanua Levu confirmed the presence of sharks in estuaries and rivers on Fiji. Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnaspp.) and larger sharks were reported being close to the river mouths, whereas an unknown species of small size with a rounded snout was reported up to >30 km upriver. Local people consume shark meat as a source of protein, but sharks also have a rich background in ancestral stories and play an important part in Fijian myths and legends, resulting in the support of conservation measures by local villagers.
‘Hitchhiker’ polynoid polychaetes in cold deep waters and their potential influence on benthic soft bottom food webs
Authors: Schiaparelli Stefano , Alvaro Maria Chiara , Bohn Jehns , Albertelli Giancarlo
Published: May 2010

We describe a new association for Antarctica, involving an holothuroid host,Bathyplotes bongrainiVaney, 1914, and a parasitic polynoid polychaete,Eunoe opalinaMcIntosh, 1885, which lives on the host body. Both species have never been recorded in the study area, the Ross Sea. The ecological definition of this partnership is difficult to assess, being a mix of phoresis, protective association, parasitism and, possibly, kleptocommensalism.Eunoe opalinaemerges also as a true predator, ingesting several food items that do not belong to the diet ofBathyplotes. We compare this association with analogous examples known from shallow tropical environments as well as bathyal and abyssal depths. Given the conspicuous similarities between the deep water and high latitude examples of this kind of association, a possible common origin is hypothesized. Although the role of such a kind of parasitic relationships in Antarctic communities remains to be fully evaluated, it seems evident that, at high latitudes, where trophic levels are simplified and food webs do not have much redundancy, the impact of such a ‘multitasking’ predator-parasite asE. opalinamight be of a greater magnitude than its shallow water tropical counterpart.
Pain management in older people
Authors: McCleane Gary
Published: May 2010

At times providing pain relief in elderly patients can prove troublesome. Their tolerance and perception of pain can differ from that of younger patients, while the incidence of pain is above that found in those of less advanced years.

Conventional approaches to providing pain relief can be successful, but the tolerance to the side-effects of those drugs used to provide pain relief can be less. Furthermore, polypharmacy can have implications for the range of analgesic drugs that can be considered. Fortunately there are an increasing range of medicinal products with reduced potential for side-effects that can be considered when treating older patients with pain.
The White-breasted Guineafowl Agelastes meleagrides in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Francis I. S. , Penford N. , Gartshore M. E. , Jaramillo A.
Published: May 2010

The White-breasted Guineafowl Agelastes meleagrides, an endangered endemic bird of the Upper Guinea forests of West Africa, was studied in Taï National Park, south-west Côte d'Ivoire, from February 1989 to February 1991. Groups of guineafowl were followed, with notes made on behaviour, movements, diet and habitat; droppings were collected, photographs taken and sound recordings made.

There were 118 sightings of the birds, with 120 hours of direct observation. Average group size was 15.8, and young birds were seen on 12 occasions in the months November to May. The birds prefer dry, closed-canopy forest, and avoid wet valley bottoms. They spend much of the day walking over the forest floor searching for food, scratching leaves noisily and uttering a fairly continuous quiet “twitter”. Around 60% of each day is spent feeding, and the birds appear to eat mainly invertebrates. Intra-group aggression or chasing occurs with some frequency. Preening is also frequent, accounting for around 20% of the day. Alertness, walking and inactivity occur for short periods throughout the day. The birds roost in thin understorey trees, with group members spread over around 30×30 m.

The birds range over approximately 0.9 km2, and during the day follow a convoluted route. If one group encounters another, fierce inter-group aggression may ensue. Over much of Taï Forest, an average group of guineafowl is likely to consist of around 16 birds and range over approximately 1 km2. The population of the birds in Taï National Park may number perhaps 30,000–40,000 birds. The conservation of White-breasted Guineafowl will be best achieved through the protection of its remaining forest habitat and prevention of hunting.
Conserving the endemic birds on the Comoro Islands, I: general considerations on survival prospects
Authors: Louette Michel , Stevens Jan
Published: May 2010

The status of the Comoro endemic birds is briefly reviewed. Field data were gathered during expeditions in 1981, 1983, 1985 and 1989.

Some native birds (Cyanolanius madagascarinus, Dicrurus fuscipennison Ngazidja,Treron australison Mwali,Accipiter francesae, Otus rutilus, Leptosomus discoloron Ndzuani,Dicrurus waldeniion Maore) are so rare that they are certainly highly endangered. The altitudinal stenotopy of a few other species makes them also very vulnerable, e.g.Zosterops mouroniensisin the tree-heath zone on Mount Karthala above 1,750 m. A preliminary analysis of habitat preference on Ngazidja suggests a relatively large flexibility of most forest species between different types of forest, including those with altered vegetation structure, but demonstrated their absence in plantations without large trees and/or natural shrubs. Comparison of density of species in Ngazidja and Mwali and an overview of the avifaunal composition on all four islands are the basis for a discussion on colonization history (with possible extinctions), historical change in avifaunal composition, the suitability of each island for the different species and the completeness of their avifauna. The results are checked for possible threats and necessary actions for conservation. Competition by introduced species does not yet seem to be a problem. But importation of foreign animals must be banned and hunting must be regulated (especially for pigeons). Habitat loss (overexploitation of the forest) will soon become a serious problem for the stenotopie forest birds. A suggestion is made for delimiting a national park on Ngazidja and Mwali. Most controversial is the development of tourism. For long-lasting results, education of local people is necessary, together with full liaison with the authorities.
Conserving the endemic birds on the Comoro Islands, II: population fluctuations on Ngazidja
Authors: Stevens Jan , Herremans Marc , Louette Michel
Published: May 2010

Land bird abundances on Ngazidja, Comoro Islands, obtained by point counts in September 1985 and November–December 1989 are compared. The overall abundance of most species did not differ significantly. Most differences can be interpreted as normal within-year fluctuations. Some important changes are identified and attributed to shortterm vegetation changes: increase ofColumba polleni, Coracopsis vasa, Zoonavena grandidieri, Coracina cinereain Nioumbadjou after abandonment of forest exploitation; decrease ofCoracina cinereaat M'Lima Mani North after replacement of the natural shrub layer by bananas. Genuine long-term population changes occur inCoracopsis nigra(increase) andCorvus albus(decrease).
Status and conservation of Imperial and Red-necked Parrots Amazona imperalis and A. arausiaca on Dominica
Authors: Evans Peter G. H.
Published: May 2010

Populations of both Imperial and Red-necked Parrots on Dominica have declined during the present century with substantial contractions in range, particularly from the southern portion of the island. Parrot densities may be relatively low anyway due to the effects of centuries of hunting. However, declines have been accelerated by habitat destruction and loss of food plants and nesting sites as a result of both human encroachment on the forest and damage caused by Hurricanes David and Allen in 1979 and 1980 respectively. The hunting of birds for meat and for the live cage-bird trade were important threats in the past but conservation education programmes over the last 10 years, and enforcement of legislation prohibiting those activities, have greatly reduced these pressures. Ten years after the debilitating effects of the two hurricanes, the populations of both parrot species (but particularly Red-necks) are showing signs of recovery. Present estimates (May 1990) are of c.80 Imperial Parrots and c.300 Red-necked Parrots in the wild. The major threat to both parrot species is presently habitat destruction, with forested areas being cleared at an accelerating rate for the planting of tree crops, particularly bananas. This process has been aided by recent development programmes towards the building and improvement of feeder roads, making previously remote areas much more accessible. The need for the north-west portion of the Northern Forest Reserve (which includes the entire Morne Diablotin massif) to be declared a national park is ever more critical if the two parrot species are to survive in the long term.
The rediscovery of the Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae in south-eastern Madagascar with notes on the natural history of the genus Newtonia
Authors: Goodman Steven M. , Schulenberg Thomas S.
Published: May 2010

The Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae, previously known from a single specimen from the eastern rainforest of central Madagascar, was rediscovered in October 1989 in the Marosohy Forest in the south-east of the island. In the study area, N. fanovanae occurs in the middle and upper section of the canopy of humid forest between 300 and 1,300 m. Ecological relationships with the other two sympatric Newtonia, amphichroa and brunneicauda, are discussed. The main morphological differences between fanovanae and the other two sympatric species are that the former has relatively long wings and short tarsi. The song of fanovanae is described and compared to other members of the genus. Our observations on the morphology, behaviour and vocalisations of N. fanovanae confirm its validity as a species.

Le Newtonie à queue rouge Newtonia fanovanae jusqu'à presént uniquement connu d'un seul spécimen provenant de la partie orientale de la forêt tropicale du Madagascar central, fût redécouvert en octobre 1989 dans la forêt de Marosohy au sud-est de l'île. N. fanovanae fût rencontré dans les parties moyennes et supérieures du feuillage de la forêt humide entre 300 et 1,300 m d'altitude. Les relations écologiques avec les deux espèces sympatriques de Newtonia, amphichroa et brunneicauda sont discutées. Les différences morphologiques principales entre fanovanae et les deux espéces sympatriques sont que celle-ci a des ailes relativement longues et des tarses courts. Le chant de fanovanae est decrit et comparé avec celui d'autres membres du genre. Nos observations sur la morphologie, le comportement et les vocalizations de N. fanovanae confirment sa validité comme bonne espéce.
The Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae in the Ambatovaky Reserve, north-east Madagascar
Authors: Evans Michael I.
Published: May 2010

The Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae, known from two sites in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar, was found in the Réserve Spéciale d'Ambatovaky in February 1990, when two observations of birds in mixed-species flocks were made in primary lowland forest at 650-700 m. Such habitat may be rare in reserves, recent fieldwork having concentrated on higher-altitude sites. Ambatovaky's faunal richness as a lowland site is emphasised. Some differences in descriptions of the Red-tailed Newtonia exist.

Le Newtonie à queue rouge Newtonia fanovanae, antérieurement connu de deux sites dans les forêts tropicales orientales du Madagascar, fût trouvé dans la Réserve Spéciale d'Ambatovaky en février 1990, où deux individus fûrent observés parmi des bandes plurispécifiques d'oiseaux à I'intérieur d'une excellente forêt de plainé à 650-700 m d'altitude. II se peut qu'un tel habitat soit rarement trouvé à I'intérieur de réserves, car les investigations de terrain fûrent récemment concentrées sur des sites en plus haut altitude. La richesse faunistique du site de plaine d'Ambatovaky est mise en évidence. II existe des différences de descriptions du Newtonie à queue rouge.
The status and conservation of threatened birds in the Upper Guinea forest
Authors: Allport Gary
Published: May 2010

There are twenty-one endemic and near-endemic forest birds in the Upper Guinea forest of West Africa. Less than 80,000 km2 of their habitat remains and this is being rapidly degraded and fragmented. Eight threatened and two near-threatened birds were identified by Collar and Stuart (1985) in this region based on the scant information then available. More recent surveys confirm the threatened status of all these birds, but two species, Melaenornis annamarulae and Malimbus ballmanni, should now be considered Vulnerable having previously been placed in the Indeterminate category. Phyllastrephus leucolepis, described since the production of the Red Data Book, is only found in the forest of east Liberia and must be considered Endangered. Records suggest that all three species are restricted to the western part of the Upper Guinea forest. There are two forest areas which are of the highest priority for the conservation of these and the other endemic birds: (i) south-east Liberia/south-west Ivory Coast; (ii) south-east Sierra Leone/northwest Liberia. Ceratogymnasubcylindricus and Phyllastrephus baumanni are recommended for inclusion in the Near-threatened category.

Vingt-et-une espéces forestiéres d'oiseaux endémiques ou quasiment endémiques vivent dans la forêt de Haute-Guinée en Afrique de l'Ouest. A l'époque actuelle leur habitat, qui fût déjà réduit à moins de 80,000 km2, continue d'être rapidement dégradé et fragmenté. Collar et Stuart (1985) identifiérent huit especes menacées plus deux espéces probablement menacées pour la région, basé sur le peu d'information disponible à l'époque. Des investigations plus récentes confirment le statut de toutes ces espéces sauf deux, Melaenornis annamarulae et Malimbus ballmanni, qui fûrent insuffisamment connus, doivent maintenant être considérés vulnérables. Phyllastrephus leucolepis ne fût décrit pour la science qu'après la production du livre rouge et ne se trouve uniquement dans la forêt du Libéria oriental, et doît done être considéré comme en danger. Des observations suggérent que toutes ces espéces soient limitées à la partie occidentale de la forêt de HauteGuinée. Deux régions forestières se révèlent d'être de la plus haute priorité pour la sauvegarde de ces éspèces et des autres oiseaux endémiques: (i) le sud-est du Libéria/sud-ouest de la Côte-d'Ivoire et (ii) le sud-est du Sierra Léone/nord-ouest du Libéria. Nous recommandons d'inclure Ceratogymna subcylindricus et Phyllastrephus baumanni dans la catégorie probablement menacé.
Numbers and habitat of the Rapa Fruit-dove Ptilinopus huttoni
Authors: Thibault Jean-Claude , Varney Albert
Published: May 2010

A survey in December/January 1989/1990 revealed that an estimated 274 Rapa Fruit-doves Ptilinopus huttoni remain in Rapa's last (and fragmented) 292 ha of forest. This suggests no serious decline since 1974, but the forests continue to be degraded and cleared, and action to preserve key sites is urgently needed.

Un recensement en décembre/janvier 1989/1990 montra qu'un nombre estimé de 274 Ptilopes de Hutton Ptilinopus huttoni survivent dans les derniers 292 ha de forêt fragmen-tee sur l'île de Rapa. Ceci ne suggére aucun déclin important depuis 1974, mais les forêts continuent à être dégradées et coupées, ainsi il devient urgent d'entreprendre des actions pour le sauvegarde des sites clés.
Population declines of the endangered endemic birds on Grenada, West Indies
Authors: Blockstein David E.
Published: May 2010

The Grenada DoveLeptotila wellsiand the Grenada Hook-billed KiteChondrohierax uncinatus mirutshave each apparently declined since initial surveys in 1987. In a midwinter 1989/1990 census I estimated that there were 75-85 Grenada Doves, compared with 100 in 1987. The 1989/1990 numbers include two small populations not located in 1987. The main population may have declined by 40-50% since 1987. Half as many Hook-billed Kites were seen in 1989/1990 as in 1987 when I estimated the total population to be 15-30. Although seasonal factors may be responsible for some of the differences, destruction of habitat has led to real declines. Unless the prime habitat is protected, extinction of both birds is likely.
Status and conservation of parrots and parakeets in the Greater Antilles, Bahama Islands, and Cayman Islands
Authors: Wiley James W.
Published: May 2010

In the 1490S a minimum of 28 species of psittacines occurred in the West Indies. Today, only 43% (12) of the species survive. All macaws and most parakeet species have been lost. Although the surviving parrot fauna of the Greater Antilles, Cayman Islands, and Bahama Islands has fared somewhat better than that of the Lesser Antilles, every species has undergone extensive reductions of populations and all but two have undergone extensive reductions in range, mostly as a result of habitat loss, but also from persecution as agricultural pests, conflicts with exotic species, harvesting for pets, and natural disasters. The Cayman Brae ParrotAmazona leucocephala hesterna, with its tiny population (lessthan 150 individuals in the wild) and range, and the Puerto Rican ParrotA. vittata, with 22-23 birds in the wild and 56 individuals in captivity, must be considered on the of extinction and in need of (in the tatter's case, continuing) aggressive programmes of research and management. Other populations declining in numbers and range include the Yellow-billedAmazona collaria, and Black-billedA. agilisParrots of Jamaica, Hispaniolan ParakeetAratinga chloroptera, Hispaniolan ParrotAmazona ventralis, Cuban ParrotA. leucocephala leucocephalaand, most seriously, Cuban ParakeetAratinga euops. The population of the Grand Cayman Parrot (Amazona leucocephala caymanensis), although numbering only about 1,000 birds, appears stable and the current conservation programme gives hope for the survival of the race. An active conservation and public education programme has begun for the Bahama ParrotA. l. bahamensis, which still occurs in good numbers on Great Inagua Island, but is threatened on Abaco Island. Recommendations for conservation of parrots and parakeets in the region include (1) instituting term programmes of research to determine distribution, status, and ecology of each species; (2) developing conservation programmes through education and management approaches that are culturally, politically, and economically sensitive to the region; and providing and protecting habitat within suitably sized reserves.
Observations on the Superb Pitta Pitta superba and other Manus endemics
Authors: Dutson Guy C. L. , Newman Jonathan L.
Published: May 2010

The Superb Pitta Pitta superba, an almost wholly unknown rainforest endemic of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, was investigated in June/July 1990. On the basis of its call, a rising then falling whistle given twice, it appears to occur at low densities and may be restricted to hillier areas where stones can help break snail shells. The snake Boiga irregularis may affect this and one other Manus endemic bird.
Bird conservation in Kenya: creating a national strategy
Authors: Fanshawe John H. , Bennun Leon A.
Published: May 2010

Kenya possesses one of the richest and most diverse avifaunas in Africa: this reflects the country's varied habitats and the fact that it lies at the intersection of several biogeographic zones. Some 1,070 species have been recorded; nine are national endemics and 14 can be considered globally threatened. A number of other species or groups are of particular national concern. Alteration and degradation of habitats is taking place rapidly, mainly due to human population growth combined with increased urbanization and industrialization. Overall, forests are the most threatened habitats; the coastal Arabuko-Sokoke Forest is particularly important in global terms. A number of wetlands are also under threat from a variety of causes. Habitat destruction is the key problem; direct threats such as hunting, trade and the use of pesticides and poisons are of relatively minor importance. Specific suggestions to be incorporated within a national bird conservation strategy include: better regulation and development of bird tourism as a means of generating revenue; increased efforts in particular areas of conservation education; provision of appropriate training to bird guides and researchers; and improved integration of research.
Reintroduction and restocking: guidelines for bird recovery programmes
Authors: Black Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2010

Reintroduction and restocking programmes are conservation tools which may be employed when a wild population is otherwise beyond recovery. The decision to undertake such programmes should be based on a series of “feasibility” assessments (e.g. the bird's ecology, current threats, suitability of available stock and regional human socioeconomic implications). Releases should only take place when the habitat is capable of sustaining a viable population and the original constraining factors no longer operate. Releasing birds into near-saturated areas may be harmful and should be avoided. Local, national and international support for the programme should be secured. The birds should be of optimal quality in terms of behaviour, health and genetics and they should be reared, released and monitoring according to sound strategies and criteria. Assessment and adjustments of the programme should periodically be made after initial releases. Documentation of the programme should be circulated and/or published.
Observations on a population of Red-fronted Macaws Ara rubrogenys in the Río Caine valley, central Bolivia
Authors: Boussekey Marc , Saint-Pie Jean , Morvan Olivier
Published: May 2010

A population of about 60 Red-fronted Macaws Ara rubrogenys, a parrot endemic to central southern Bolivia, was studied in an area of around 200 ha in the Río Caine valley, northern Potosí department, in October and November 1990. The habitat was semi-desert steppe dominated by cacti; the very light rainy season (in which the macaws are believed to breed) lasts from November to April. The birds, most commonly to be seen in pairs, were active in the early morning and the later afternoon, feeding during both these periods on groundnuts in a 30 ha area cultivated by local Indians who, however, made no attempts to persecute them. There seem to be no serious threats to the species in the Rio Caine valley. However, breeding success appeared to be low, presumably reflecting the sparse dietary resources of the region.

Durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 1990, se estudió una población de Guacamayo Dorado Ara rubrogenys (especie endémica del área centro y sur de Bolivia) compuesta por unos 60 individuos. El área de estudio abarco unas 200 ha en el valle del Río Caine, al norte del departamento de Potosí. El hábitat en esta zona estaba formado por estepas semidesérticas dominadas por Cactáceas, con un período de lluvias moderadas (tiempo en el que se cree que tiene lugar la reproduccíon) que se extiende desde noviembre hasta abril. Las aves se observaron preferentemente en parejas, siendo las primeras horas de la mañana y las últimas de la tarde los momentos de mayor actividad en los que se alimentaban de maní (cacahuetes) en un área de 30 ha cultivada por indígenas, quienes no mostraron intentión alguna por evitarlo. Aparentemente no hay evidencia que induzca a pensar que la especie se encuentre amenazada en el valle del Río Caine, no obstante, el éxito reproductor aparentemente resultó ser bajo, lo que reflejaría quizás unos recursos tróficos escasos en la región.
Status, habitat and conservation of the St Helena WirebirdCharadrius sanctaehelenae
Authors: McCulloch M. Neil
Published: May 2010

The St Helena Wirebird, a sand plover, is the last surviving endemic bird on the South Atlantic island of St Helena. Census work carried out during 1988–1989 located a maximum of 495 individuals. This is thought to be close to the true size of the population and i s more than 50% higher than the most recent previous estimate. Population trends remain unknown, however. Breeding success appears to be low. A maximum survival rate from egg to independence of 19% was estimated. Predation and disturbance of Wirebirds is discussed. Wirebirds occur in grassland and semi-desert. Highest densities are found in relatively dry, flat pastures. Wetter upland pastures hold few Wirebirds, possibly because of more difficult feeding conditions encountered in taller, denser vegetation on steep slopes. Wirebirds prey on a wide range of invertebrates but beetles and caterpillars appear to predominate in the diet. Possible future threats, principally changes in land-use, were assessed and a management strategy for the species is outlined.
Rediscovery of the Grey-winged Cotinga Tijuca condita in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Scott D. A. , Brooke M. De L.
Published: May 2010

The Grey-winged Cotinga Tijuca condita, previously known from a single specimen collected in 1942, was rediscovered near the type-locality in the coastal hill ranges of Rio de Janeiro state, south-eastern Brazil, in November 1980. Fieldwork at two sites in November/December 1980 and November 1981 revealed the presence of 10 individuals: one calling male and one female in cloud-forest at 1,320 m in the Serra do Tinguá; and six calling males, one female and one unsexed bird in cloud-forest at 1,830-2,000 m in the Serra dos Órgãos. Two females were netted, and two calling males were seen well in the field. The plumage of calling males resembled that of females, but was brighter with more grey on the face. The voice was described as an explosive sooee-wheee. The calling posture was similar to that of pihas Lipaugus, and there was no indication of any lekking behaviour. The species appears to have a very restricted distribution, but there is no indication that it is under threat at the present time.

O cotingídeo Tijuca condita, previamente conhecido de um único indivíduo coletado em 1942, foi redescoberto próximo a sua localidade tipo nas montanhas da costa do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no sudeste do Brasil, em novembro de 1980. Observações no campo em duas localidades em novembro/dezembro 1980 e novembro 1981 revelaram a presença de 10 indivíduos: um macho cantando e uma fêmea em uma floresta de neblina a 1,320 m na Serra do Tinguá; seis machos, uma fêmea e um individuo de sexo não determinado em uma floresta de neblina a 1,830–2,000 m na Serra dos Órgãos. Duas fêmeas foram capturadas em rede e dois machos foram bem observados no campo. A plumagem dos machos assemelha-se a das fêmeas, contudo mais brilhante e acinzentado na face. O canto foi descrito como um explosivo sooee-wheee. A postura de canto foi semelhante à de outros cotingídeos Lipaugus e não há indícios de comportamento de leque. A espécie parece ter uma distribuição muito restrita, mas não ha indícios de que essa espécie esteja ameaçada no momento.
Preliminary survey of the avifauna of Mt Tchabal Mbabo, west-central Cameroon
Authors: Smith Thomas Bates , Mcniven Duncan
Published: May 2010

The montane forests of western Cameroon are well known for their endemic birds. The most northerly such forests probably occur on Mt Tchabal Mbabo, where a preliminary survey of the avifauna in 1990 found 12 montane species, of which six represented significant range extensions, among them the threatened Ploceus bannermani. Given the increasing human pressures on other montane forests in Cameroon, Mt Tchabal Mbabo may be attractive for future conservation because of its comparative lack of human disturbance. Densities of indigenous people are low and there is a lack of significant hunting and firewood-gathering, the precipitous nature of the northern slope makes human intrusions difficult, and the lack of human disturbance may mean that local animal populations are stable.

Les forêts d'altitude de l'ouest du Cameroun sont bien connues pour leurs populations endémiques d'oiseaux. Les forêts les plus au nord sont celles du Mont Tchabal Mbabo, où un recensement préliminaire de la faune aviaire en 1990 a révélé 12 espèces, dont six avaient une aire de répartition relativement grande, y compris l'espèce menacée Ploceus bannermani. Etant donné l'accroissement des pressions humaines sur les autres forêts d'altitude au Cameroun, le Mont Tchabal Mbabo pourrait se réveler intéressant pour des programmes de conservation futurs, compte tenu d'une perturbation humaine relativement inexistante. Les densités de population indigène y sont faibles, et la chasse ainsi que le ramassage du bois pour les besoins domestiques ne sont pas significatifs. Les pentes abruptes du nord rendent difficile toute intrusion humaine, et l'absence de perturbations dues à l'homme pourrait signifier la stabilité des populations animales locales.
Birds of Serra da Capivara National Park, in the “caatinga” of north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Olmos Fábio
Published: May 2010

Serra da Capivara National Park covers an area of about 1,300 km2in south-eastern Piauí, north-eastern Brazil. The park's vegetation is the endemic caatinga, with a few remnants of semi-deciduous forest in some canyons. The area has a reasonable diversity of plants, with 615 catalogued species. Since 1986, 208 bird species have been observed in the park and its buffer zone, including 10 threatened or near-threatened species, plus two recently extinct in the area. Other species are regionally rare and have declined over parts of their distribution. The park also harbours several threatened mammals and caatinga endemics. Despite having been created in 1979 the park remains effectively unprotected and unmanaged. Current levels of poaching and habitat destruction prejudice the future of several species, including some that have already vanished from other parts of the caatinga.

O Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara abrange uma área de aproxidamamente 1,300 km2no sudeste do Piauí, nordeste do Brasil. A vegetação do parque é a caatinga, com alguns enclaves de mata semi-decíua. A área possui uma razoável diversidade de plantas, com um total de 615 espécies já catalogadas. Desde 1986, um total de 208 espécies de aves foram observadas no parque e sua zona-tampão, incluindo 10 consideradas ameaçadas ou quase-ameaçadas, além de duas recentemente extintas na área. Outras espécies são regionalmente raras ou tern declinado em parte de sua área de distribuição. O parque também abriga diversos mamíferos ameaçados, e endemismos da caatinga. Apesar de ter sido criado em 1979, o parque ainda não foi consolidado e é pouco mais que um parque de papel. Com os presentes niveis de caça clandestina e destruição de habitats, diversas espécies se extinguirão, incluindo algumas já desapareddas de outras partes da caatinga.
The avifauna of thePolylepiswoodlands of the Andean highlands: the efficiency of basing conservation priorities on patterns of endemism
Authors: Fjeldså J.
Published: May 2010

The Andean páramo and puna zones may once have been densely dotted by woodlands, mainly ofPolylepis, but human impact has now led to a highly disjunct distribution of this habitat. Because of the habitat fragmentation, many specialized woodland birds now show relictual distributions. Speciations to thePolylepiszone took place in Peru and Bolivia during cold/arid climatic periods, asPolylepis-dominated woodland refuges were isolated away from the humid cis-Andean zone and the pre-Andean scrub-forest in Bolivia. An efficient protection of biodiversity in a minimum of well-managed areas could be achieved, if efforts were concentrated in highlands near the proposed Pleistocene woodland refuges: 55% of all endemic and 67% of all threatened and near-threatened landbirds of the high Andean zone of Peru and Bolivia were recorded within three 10 x 10 km study plots near Cochabamba in Bolivia and east of Abancay and on the east slope of Cordillera Blanca in Peru. The biological basis for the efficiency of this approach is discussed.

Los páramos y punas Andinas pueden haber estado densamente poblados de bosques, principalmente dePolylepis, pero el impacto humano ha causado una distribución muy esparcida de este habitat. Debido a la fragmentatión del habitat, muchos pájaros especializados al bosque, ahora muestran distribuciones rudimentales. La diferenciación de las espeties en la zona dePolylepisse dió en Perú y Bolivia durante períodos climáticos fríos/aridos, al igual que los refúgios de bosques dominados porPolylepisfueron aislados de la zona húmeda cis-Andina y de la zone chaqueña en Bolivia. Se podría lograr una protección efitiente de la biodiversidad en un mínimo de áreas bien manejadas, si se concentrasen los esfuerzos en las sierras cerca de los refúgios propuestos de bosque Pleistocenico. Así es, que un 55% de los pájaros endémicos y 67% de todos los especies en peligro de extintión de la zona alto-Andina de Perú y Bolivia fueron registrados dentro de tres áreas de estudio de 10 × 10 km, cerca de Cochabamba en Bolivia, y al sureste de Abancay y en la vertiente oriental de la Cordillera Blanca en Perú. El artículo diserta los processos básicos.
Rediscovery, taxonomy and conservation of the Anjouan Scops OwlOtus capnodes(Gurney 1889)
Authors: Safford Roger J.
Published: May 2010

The Anjouan Scops OwlOtus capnodes, not recorded with certainty since about 1886, was rediscovered in June 1992. It has usually been treated as a race of Madagascar Scops OwlOtus rutilusbut, judging from plumage and especially voice, it is a distinct species. It is found only in the remaining patches of upland forest (above 800 m) on Anjouan (Ndzuani), Comoro Islands, where the population is estimated to be at least several tens of pairs, probably between 100 and 200 pairs. The species is highly endangered by accelerating forest clearance and capture for food by the huge and increasing human population. Long-term environmental programmes are essential but may be too late to save this and other endangered species on Anjouan. Species-specific actions are needed: for the owl, a translocation to the neighbouring island of Moheli should be investigated.

La chouette Scops d'AnjouanOtus capnodes, qui n'avait pas été observée avec certitude depuis environ 1886, a été redécouverte en juin 1992. Elle était habituellement considérée comme appartenant à la race des chouettes Scops de MadagascarOtus rutilus, mais à en juger par son plumage et surtout par sa voix, c'est une espèce différente. Elle n'existe que dans les restants de forêts d'altitude (plus de 800 mètres) en Anjouan (Ndzuani), dans les lles Comores, où la population est estimée à au moins plusieurs dizaines de couples, probablement entre 100 et 200 paires. L'espèce est fortement menacée par l'accélération de la déforestation et la capture de ces oiseaux pour l'alimentation d'une population humaine très nombreuse et croissante. Des programmes de conservation de l'environnement à long terme sont essentiels, mais arriveront peut-être déjà trop tard pour sauver cette espèce et d'autres espèces menacées en Anjouan. Des actions spécifiquement centrées sur chaque espèce sont nécessaires: pour la chouette, la possibilité d'un transfert sur l'île voisine de Mohéli devrait être examinée.
The avifauna of the Río Machariapo dry forest, northern La Paz department, Bolivia: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Pearman Mark
Published: May 2010

In March 1993, a survey of dry forest along the Río Machariapo, northern La Paz department, Bolivia, resulted in seven new bird species for the department, including some range extensions of several hundred kilometres: Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Otus guatemalae, Poecilurus scutatus, Formicivora melanogaster, Empidonax traillii alnorum, Nemosia pileata and Conirostrum speciosum. A probable new Herpsilochmus antwren was collected. These discoveries are of high conservation interest, especially as the La Paz - Cobija road is to be constructed through the Machariapo Valley, with work resuming in May 1993 and already very close to the head of the valley. Thus several new plant and bird taxa may be lost through deforestation even before they can be described.

Un estudio del bosque seco a lo largo del Río Machariapo en el norte del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia, realizado en marzo de 1993, trajo como resultado el descubrimiento de siete nuevas especies de aves en este departamento, incluyendo algunas ampliaciones, de unos cien kilómetros, del área de distribución conocida: Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Otus guatemalae, Poecilurus scutatus, Formicivora melanogaster, Empidonax traillii alnorum, Nemosia pileata y Conirostrum speciosum. También se recolectó un Herpsilochmus sp. que es probablemente una nueva especie. Estos nuevas descubrimientos son de alto interés para la conservación, especialmente porque se está construyendo una carretera desde La Paz a Cobija por el Valle Machariapo. La construcción va a continuar en mayo de 1993 y actualmente esta se encuentra muy cerca del principio del valle. De esta manera nuevos taxa de plantas y aves podrian desaparecer a causa de deforestación, incluso antes de que se pudieran describir totalmente.
Incidental Capture of seabirds by Japanese southern bluefin tuna longline vessels in New Zealand waters, 1988-1992
Authors: Murray T. E. , Bartle J. A. , Kalish S. R. , Taylor P. R.
Published: May 2010

Fishery observers recorded incidental capture of seabirds during 785 days on Japanese bluefin tuna longline vessels around New Zealand between April and August each year, 1988-1992. High numbers of albatrosses Diomedea spp. and petrels Procellaria spp. were caught on longline hooks during setting and drowned. Twelve seabird taxa were recorded, six of them breeding only in New Zealand. Most were breeding adults, except for Grey-headed and Black-browed Albatrosses. No bias in sex ratio was evident except for Grey Petrels, of which nearly all were female. Winter-breeding species were most often caught. Birds were not caught randomly, but in a highly aggregated fashion suggestive of complex behavioural interactions with the fishery. Most albatrosses were caught by day in the south whereas most petrels were caught by night north-east of New Zealand. Highest capture rates occurred at dawn and dusk off north-east New Zealand in June-August. Very large catches at specific sites contributed disproportionately to the overall catch rate. The estimated minimum number of total seabirds caught in New Zealand waters declined from 3,652 in 1988 to 360 in 1992, probably as a result of mitigation measures introduced progressively by the industry and by government regulation. Use of tori lines to prevent birds seizing baits had an effect, as did setting in total darkness in the south. Considerably more work needs to be done on the development of improved mitigation measures. Greater observer coverage is required to measure accurately the mortality of individual seabird species on tuna longlines throughout the Southern Ocean and to determine the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
The distribution and status of Worthen's SparrowSpizella wortheni: a review
Authors: Wege David C. , Howell Steve N. G. , Sada Andrés M.
Published: May 2010

Originally described last century from New Mexico, U.S.A., Worthen's SparrowSpizella worthenihas subsequently been recorded from just eight states in Mexico centred on the interior of the north-east of the country. Records during the last 30 years originate from just Coahuila and Nuevo León, with those during the last 10 years exclusively from two small areas in south-eastern Coahuila and western Nuevo León: it appears that this poorly known species has been suffering a range contraction owing to the widespread destruction of its shrubby (mesquite or yucca-juniper) grassland habitat. Little detail is known of its specific requirements, local movements, or even its distribution, and it is proposed that Worthen's Sparrow be formally recognized as a threatened species.

Originalmente descrito el siglo pasado a partir de ejemplares procedentes de Nuevo Méjico, U.S.A.,Spizella wortheniha sido posteriormente citado en ocho estados mejicanos, todos en el interior del noreste del país. Durante los últimos 30 años, todas las citas provienen de Coahuila y Nuevo León, y durante los últimos 10 exclusivamente de dos pequeñas áreas del sureste de Coahuila y del oeste de Nuevo León: parece que el área de distribution de esta escasamente conocida especie ha ido reduciéndose debido a una generalizada destructión de su hábitat de matorral (mescal o yuca-enebro) pastizal. Se conoce muy poco de sus requerimientos específicos, movimientos locales, o incluso su distributión, y se propone queSpizella worthenisea formalmente reconocido como una especie amenazada.