bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the repeated low-level red light therapy in slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents
Authors: Deng Bo , Zhou Mo , Kong Xiangmei , Luo Linbi , Lv Hongbin
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy in controlling myopia progression in children through a meta-analysis.

Methods:

We searched several databases including PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, CBM, and VIP with languages restricted to both Chinese and English. The search was conducted from the establishment of the databases to March 23, 2023. We collected randomized controlled trials and controlled experiments to evaluate changes in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE) before and after RLRL intervention. Two researchers performed literature screening and data extraction, and RevMan software (Ver 5.3) and StataMP 17.0 were used for meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 141 articles were retrieved, and finally, six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 820 eyes (RLRL group: 411 eyes, control group: 409 eyes). The meta-analysis results showed that the RLRL group was significantly better than the control group in controlling AL, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (mean difference [MD] = −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] [ - 0.28, −0.16]; P < 0.001). The RLRL group was also better than the control group in terms of SE, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (MD = 0.46, 95% CI [0.32, 0.6]; P < 0.001). Five studies reported adverse reactions in the RLRL group, and two cases stopped treatment due to the feeling of too bright light, while the others had no significant side effects in the short term.

Conclusion:

RLRL therapy is a safe and effective method for controlling myopia, which can inhibit the growth of AL and slow down the progression of myopia. However, further research and validation are needed to determine its treatment efficacy and course.
The role of corneal biopsy in the management of microbial keratitis
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Sahu Srikant K , Das Sujata , Mohanty Amrita , Priyadarshini Smruti R
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Corneal biopsy helps in diagnosing deep-seated or recalcitrant lesions of microbial keratitis (MK). We aim to analyze its role in managing these challenging cases.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of 22 cases of corneal biopsy at our institute from January 2010 to December 2021. Data were retrospectively collected using the electronic medical record (EMR) system. Those cases of indolent, progressive MK or deep-seated lesions where cornea scraping was not possible were considered for corneal biopsy to establish the microbiological diagnosis. The primary aims of our study were to analyze the indications, success rates, and outcomes for biopsy patients in our series. Additional outcomes that were analyzed included the average time from presentation to biopsy, the type of causative organism isolated from the biopsy by either histopathological or microbiological method, and the frequency and outcome of surgical interventions performed. Descriptive statistics using mean (±standard deviation) and median (±range) were used to interpret the demographic data.

Results:

Overall, 15 of 22 patients (68%) had a positive corneal biopsy after microbiological or histopathological examinations. The most identified organism was microsporidia (n = 4,30.7%), followed by mycobacteria (n = 2,15.4%), gram-negative bacilli (n = 2,15.4%), acid-fast bacilli (n = 1,7.6%), fungus (n = 2,15.4%), gram-positive cocci (n = 1,7.6%), and mixed bacterial infection (n = 1,7.6%).

Conclusion:

Corneal biopsy should be considered a diagnostic modality for patients with deep-seated or unresponsive MK. It can improve the treatment for MK, ensuring targeted therapy.
Influence of high altitude on choroid thickness, retinal thickness, and myopia: A cross-sectional study comparing adolescents in Shanghai and Tibet
Authors: Cai Chunyang , Ma Yingyan , He Shuai , Meng Chunren , Gu Chufeng , He Jiangnan , Lhamo Thashi , Draga Deji , Zhou Chuandi , Qiu Qinghua
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to explore the influence of high altitude on myopia, macular choroidal thickness (mCT), and macular retinal thickness (mRT) in adolescents.

Methods:

Two schools, one in Shanghai (at sea level) and one in Shigatse, Tibet (more than 4000 m above sea level), were selected. Refractive error was measured by an autorefractor instrument and subjective refraction, and mCT and mRT were measured at three concentric circles by optical coherence tomography. Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results:

A total of 1114 participants (657 and 457 in Shanghai and Tibet, respectively) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The average age of the participants was 18.81 ± 1.10 years, and 44.34% were males. The spherical equivalent (SE) of adolescents in Shanghai was significantly lower than that of adolescents in Tibet (-4.14 ± 2.37 D and -2.12 ± 1.87 D, P < 0.01). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia among adolescents in Shanghai (94.52%, 19.48%) was significantly higher than those among adolescents in Tibet (44.74%, 2.41%) (P < 0.01). The mCT of Tibetan adolescents was significantly thicker than that of Shanghai adolescents (295.80 ± 62.46 μm and 218.71 ± 61.42 μm, P < 0.01), especially the central mCT. The mRT of Tibetan adolescents was also thicker than that of Shanghai adolescents (301.42 ± 23.26 μm and 281.04 ± 12.24 μm, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Compared with Shanghai adolescents, the choroid of Tibet adolescents is thicker, and the myopia prevalence is lower. It is speculated that increased altitude is associated with the thickening of mCT and a low myopia prevalence.
Understanding visual snow syndrome: A retrospective study from a tertiary eye care center
Authors: Satgunam PremNandhini , Kannan Kiruthika , Hathibelagal Amithavikram R
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Visual snow syndrome is a debilitating neurological condition. A comprehensive eye examination may not detect any abnormalities in this condition. Presently the condition is recognized only through the history elicited. Hence, it becomes important to understand the presenting complaints and profile of these patients. A retrospective study at a tertiary eye care center was undertaken to achieve this goal.

Methods:

Electronic medical records of patients presenting to a Binocular Vision and Orthoptics clinic were reviewed. Records of the patients containing keywords such as “light sensitivity, shadowing, visual snow, multiple images, and night vision” were retrieved and inspected. Those matching the diagnostic criteria of visual snow syndrome were included in the study.

Results:

A total of 33 patients (average age ± standard deviation: 29.7 ± 9.8 years) were identified. Majority of the patients were males (69%). All the patients had logMAR visual acuity 0 or better in each eye. The most prominent (84.4%) presenting symptom was palinopsia (or afterimage or trailing). About 34.4% complained of floaters (including snow-like appearance). More than half (54.6%) of the patients also had binocular dysfunction.

Conclusion:

Visual snow syndrome is a relatively new condition on the rise, with unclear pathology. The symptoms of this condition can easily be confused with regular floaters or black spots seen in vitreous and retinal pathologies. In the absence of such pathology, an elaborate history should be elicited, and the distress of the patient should be acknowledged. The patient should also be reassured that this is not a blinding condition.
Bedside assessment of ophthalmic manifestations in neurocritical care: A study in Southern India
Authors: Warad Chethana , Mohapatra Shrusty , Mehta Abhyudaya
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of Ocular Surface Disorders (OSDs), including Dry Eye Disease, Chemosis, and Exposure Keratitis, among patients admitted to the Neurocritical Care Unit (NCC). Additionally, we sought to assess the correlation between these OSDs, the length of hospitalization at NCC, and the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS). The heightened risk of OSD development in the NCC environment, coupled with pre-existing neurological impairments, can lead to conditions like dry eye disease, chemosis, corneal abrasions, and infectious keratitis, ultimately resulting in corneal opacities and perforations that significantly impact visual acuity and overall quality of life.

Methods:

In this observational cross-sectional study, we examined the ocular health of all patients admitted to an NCC unit from February to May 2022. We assessed the presence of Conjunctivitis, chemosis, Keratitis, and Dry Eyes in relation to the duration of stay at NCC, GCS, lagophthalmos, adherence to the prescribed eye care protocol in NCC, and the use of mechanical ventilation. Our study comprised one hundred subjects over a four-month period, with a mean age of 51.92 ± 18.73 years (ranging from 17 to 89), including 70% males and 30% females (gender ratio of 2.33).

Results:

Our findings revealed that 26 eyes (13%) exhibited Conjunctival Hyperemia, 23 eyes (11.5%) displayed Chemosis, and severe dry eye was prevalent in 41 (20.5%) eyes. A statistically significant association was observed between GCS (p-value <0.001) and Keratitis (p-value 0.0035) with dry eyes (Chi-Square Test). Notably, the incidence of dry eyes was significantly higher among patients with a prolonged stay of ≥10 days (p-value 0.003).

Conclusions:

Patients admitted to Neurocritical Care Units necessitate meticulous eye care and structured protocols to mitigate the risk of long-term ocular complications such as exposure keratitis. Given their heightened susceptibility to these conditions, proactive measures are imperative to ensure optimal ocular health among NCC patients.
Clinical spectrum and clinicopathological correlation of pediatric orbital tumors: 20 years’ experience from a tertiary eye care center
Authors: Vijay Vathsalya , Alam Md. Shahid , Subramanian Nirmala , Krishnakumar Subramanian , Biswas Jyotirmay , Mukherjee Bipasha
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To study the epidemiological profile of various pediatric orbital tumors and determine their clinicopathological correlation over 20 years.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients with orbital tumors from the medical records between 1995 and 2015 was done. Tumors were categorized based on their cellular origin. Demographic details, clinical and histopathological diagnoses, frequency, and clinicopathological correlation were studied.

Results:

A total of 265 pediatric patients with orbital tumors were analyzed, of which 145 (54.7%) patients were males and 120 (45.3%) were females. The mean age was 7 years (median: 6 years; range: 10 days–16 years). The distribution of lesions in each group was as follows: vasculogenic, 76 (28.7%); lipogenic and myxoid, 66 (25%); myogenic, 31 (11.7%); optic nerve and meningeal, 22 (8.3%); lymphoid and lymphoproliferative, 18 (6.8%); secondary orbital tumors, 14 (5.2%); histiocytic, 9 (3.4%); miscellaneous, 9 (3.4%), lacrimal gland, 8 (3%); mesenchymal with neural differentiation, 6 (2%); osseous, 4 (1.5%), and fibrocystic, 2 (0.8%). The most common benign and malignant pediatric orbital tumors were dermoid cysts (65, 24.5%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (31, 11.7%). A statistically significant (P < 0.0001) clinicopathological correlation was observed in 208 (83.2%) out of 250 biopsy-proven cases.

Conclusion:

Pediatric orbital neoplasms include a broad spectrum of benign and malignant lesions. Vasculogenic tumors constitute the majority of them, followed by lipogenic and myxoid tumors. A thorough knowledge of the incidence, clinical profile, imaging features, and histopathology of specific orbital tumors aids in accurate diagnosis and their successful management.
Conjunctiva in strabismus surgery – to stitch or to stick? – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kadam Aishwarya R , Prabu V Rajesh , Reddy Jagadeesh K , Muralidhar Venu , Thulasidas Mithun
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical outcomes with fibrin glue in comparison with vicryl sutures for limbal conjunctival wound closure in strabismus surgery.

Methods:

In this prospective interventional study, patients undergoing horizontal muscle strabismus surgery were randomized into two groups: the vicryl suture group and the fibrin glue group. The limbal conjunctival incisions were closed with 8–0 vicryl in the suture group and with fibrin glue in the other group. The outcomes measured were post-operative conjunctival inflammation and wound apposition, patient comfort with the help of a questionnaire, and conjunctival thickness using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for both groups at 6 weeks.

Results:

The study included 64 eyes of 64 patients (32 eyes in each group). The fibrin glue group performed better than the vicryl suture group for most of the symptoms like redness, irritation, watering, and foreign body sensation till 2 weeks post-operatively (P < 0.001), after which both the groups performed similarly. As for clinical signs, no significant difference was noted between the two groups, except for conjunctival hyperemia, which was significantly lesser in the fibrin glue group at 2 weeks post-operatively (P < 0.001). The conjunctival thickness measured at 6 weeks using AS-OCT revealed that the thickness increased significantly in the suture group compared to that in the glue group (P < 0.001 medial site, P = 0.004 lateral site).

Conclusion:

Because of greater patient comfort and reduced inflammation associated with fibrin glue, it may be considered as a procedure of choice for conjunctival wound closure in strabismus surgery in the absence of the cost constraints.
Factors affecting corneal deformation amplitude measured by Corvis ST in eyes with open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Pradhan Zia S , Sreenivasaiah Shruthi , Deshmukh Sujit , Mangala Lavi , Shroff Sujani , Devi Sathi , Webers Carroll AB , Rao Harsha L
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To evaluate the factors affecting corneal deformation amplitude (DA) measured using Corvis ST in eyes with open-angle glaucoma.

Methods:

This prospective, longitudinal study included 48 eyes with open-angle glaucoma who required additional intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drops. All eyes underwent a complete eye examination at baseline, including a Corvis ST, which was repeated 4–8 weeks after the change in therapy. Factors affecting the corneal biomechanics, namely the DA, were determined using mixed effect models.

Results:

The mean age of the cohort was 65.0 ± 7.9 years. The mean IOP reduced from 23.4 ± 5.4 mmHg to 17.9 ± 5 mmHg after the change in glaucoma treatment (P < 0.001). The DA increased from 0.89 ± 0.16 mm to 1.00 ± 0.13 mm after IOP reduction (P < 0.001). On mixed effect model analysis, IOP (−0.02 ± 0.001, P < 0.001) and corneal pachymetry (−0.0003 ± 0.0001, P = 0.02) affected the change in the DA.

Conclusion:

IOP and corneal pachymetry affect the DA and must be accounted for when using Corvis ST to evaluate corneal biomechanics in glaucoma.
Bloodborne viral infections: Seroprevalence and relevance of preoperative screening in Indian eye care system – A retrospective study
Authors: Gangwe Anil B , Chatterjee Samrat , Singh Abhishek , Agrawal Deepshikha , Rahangdale Diksha , Azad Raj Vardhan
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To report the seroprevalence of bloodborne viral infection (BBVI) in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries and assess the utility and feasibility of preoperative screening for BBVI in India’s current eye care system.

Methods:

This retrospective, hospital-based, descriptive study included data from patients undergoing preoperative screening for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a tertiary eye care institute from 2018 to 2022. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were performed on the blood samples after obtaining informed consent from the patients. Seroreactive patients underwent surgery with additional safety precautions. The demographic data and surgical details of these patients were collected and analyzed. ANOVA was used to carry out statistical analysis between groups. During the study period, the number of healthcare workers (HCWs) sustaining needle stick injury (NSI) and accidental sharp injury (ASI) in the operating theater (OT) and details of these injuries were recorded.

Results:

Samples from 28,563 patients were included. The seroprevalence of BBVI was 1.87% (536/28563). Hepatitis B virus (322, 60.1%) was the most commonly detected infection, and HIV (59, 11%) was the least detected infection. The mean age of the seroreactive patients was 60.3 ± 30.8 years. The incidence of NSI was 0.49/1000 surgeries. Nurses (11) and technicians (4) in the OT sustained maximum NSI. None of the HCWs had seroconversion after NSI.

Conclusion:

The overall seroprevalence of BBVI in the current study is lower than that reported in previously published studies from eye care organizations. Currently, mandatory preoperative screening for BBVI to prevent transmission of these infections to HCWs working in the eye care sector in India appears to be less cost-effective.
Schwannoma of the Pinna
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita
Published: December 2023

Schwannoma is a slow-growing benign tumor that originates from the nerve sheath consisting of the Schwann cells. It is an encapsulated nerve sheath tumor of neuroectodermal origin. This is an encapsulated and well-circumscribed lesion composed of different cellular patterns. Schwannoma usually originates from the superior vestibular nerve in the internal auditory canal. These tumors are rarely found in the external ear. Schwannoma is an extremely rare tumor on the pinna. The most common clinical presentation of the schwannoma on the pinna is painless progressive swelling. The diagnosis of schwannoma is confirmed by histopathological study and immunohistochemistry. Here, we report a case of schwannoma that was found on the external ear which is very uncommon in routine clinical practice.
Posttraumatic Osteoma of Malleus: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Abhay Kumar , Meena Kapil , Agrawal Harsh , Ramchandani Abhiraj , Nidhan Rahil
Published: December 2023

Osteomas are bony tumor mainly arising from facial and skull bones. Middle ear osteomas are rare and more so from ossicles are the rarest. Till now, only 10 cases of osteoma arising from ossicles are reported in the world literature and only 3 from malleus. We got another case of osteoma arising on ossicles following a trauma. We report this rare case of osteoma from malleus along with review of literature.
Revisión sistemática sobre los instrumentos de medición de la convivencia escolar utilizados en Latinoamérica
Authors: Andrades-Moya Jonathan , Vidal-Espinoza Rubén , Gomez-Campos Rossana , Pérez-Álvarez Eugenio , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: December 2023

Los problemas de convivencia escolar (CE) forman parte de las preocupaciones en elambiente educativo. La investigación busca identificar los estudios cuantitativos que hanutilizado instrumentos de evaluación de CE y verificar la cantidad de instrumentosaplicados en los últimos diez años. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática utilizando la basede datos de Scopus, ProQuest y SciELO. El diagrama Prisma se aplicó para sistematizarla información. Se identificó 9 estudios, los que han sido efectuados en Chile, Colombia yMéxico. Se ha verificado dos instrumentos de CE, que son los más utilizados: la “Escalade Convivencia Escolar” (ECE), que es aplicable a estudiantes, y el Cuestionario deArancibia, que abarca una mayor cantidad de dimensiones y agentes educativos. Sesugiere que ambos instrumentos son aplicables para medir la convivencia escolar, peroconsiderando diferentes participantes (estudiantes; y profesorado-estudiantes,respectivamente).
Learning to Teach Online during the Pandemic: Chilean EFL Pre-service Teachers’ Experiences during their First Online Practicum
Authors: Moraru Mirona , Monasterio López Diego , Ramírez Moya Erika , Marty Cárcamo Julio
Published: December 2023

In order to continue delivering lessons to prevent students’ learning from being affected as a result of the pandemic, education systems around the world transitioned to distance learning. However, the transition process was far from being untroubled. Likewise, primary, secondary, and higher education in Chile experienced major disruptions. In 2020, schools around the country closed as a result of the pandemic, leading most institutions to migrate to online teaching. This change also seriously affected teacher education programs in Chile; carrying out a face-to-face practicum in a pandemic context resulted non-viable, forcing teacher educators and institutions to abruptly implement the online mode of delivery. The main aim of the present article is to explore a group of Chilean EFL pre-service teachers’ perceptions with regards to their online practicum carried out under circumstances characterized by high levels of uncertainty and the need to rapidly adjust to new conditions. More specifically, the article focuses on two key aspects. On the one hand, it outlines the pre-service teachers’ perceptions with regards to the main challenges and opportunities encountered in this experience. On the other hand, the article explores pre-service teachers’ beliefs with regards to the impact that this experience might have on their teaching practice in the short and long term. The present study employed a qualitative design with an exploratory and descriptive approach. In order to take into account the voices of the participants, eight individual semi-structured interviews with pre-service teachers were carried out. The main findings refer to three sets of challenges and opportunities: the focus on technological and pedagogical skills as opposed to content; autonomy in the classroom paired with neglect on the side of the mentor teacher; and the ability to build bonds as opposed to being affected by the pupils’ lack of motivation. Furthermore, the study also showcases that the pre-service teachers believe that their first online practicum equipped them with useful ICTs skills that will have a positive impact both on their teaching practice in the short and long term and in their employability. Nevertheless, doubts were also raised regarding how the new skills would actually contribute to their development as teachers in regular, face-to-face contexts. The study helps understanding the effects of the pandemic on initial teacher training, which is a necessary step towards reshaping this process for future generations.
Assessment of knowledge and practice of zinc sulphate supplementation in the treatment of diarrhoea among under-five children in Primary Health Care centres in Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Kamal A. , Omale Simeon , Dayom Danlami W. , Onyebuchi Ogbonna Brian
Published: December 2023

Zinc supplementation reduces the severity, duration and recurrence of diarrhoea in children. This study assessed the level of knowledge and practice of zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhoea in children in primary health care facilities in Keffi, Nigeria. Retrospective and qualitative studies were conducted in nine facilities. Validated data collection form and questionnaire were used to collect medications prescribed for diarrhoea in children less than five years old. Descriptive statistics was done, and associate variables were tested using Chi-square Tests. The study assessed 380 case files and 19 health care workers in nine facilities. The finding revealed that 21.1% and 10.5% of the prescribers were aware of and had formal training on the use of zinc in the management of diarrhoea respectively. Oral rehydration salt with zinc and antibiotics were prescribed in 10.5% and 57.9% cases respectively. Only 13.2%, 8.2% and 8.5% of children managed for diarrhoea had correct doses, frequencies and durations of zinc respectively. Only 44.4% facilities had zinc tablet in stock. The study revealed low knowledge and practice among primary health care workers about treatment guidelines on zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhoea in children less than five years.
Acute and 28-day toxicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of Eragrostis tremula (Poaceae) in Wistar rats
Authors: Nazifi Abdullahi Balarabe , Abubakar Abdulhakim , Magaji Mohammed Garba , Aliyu Musa , Yaro Abdullahi Hamza , Danjuma Nuhu Mohammed
Published: December 2023

Eragrostis tremula is utilized in Nigeria and other African countries as a memory enhancer, lactation stimulant, antiemetic, aphrodisiac and remedy for snake bites. Scientific reports revealed that this plant has anti-oxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and memory enhancing properties; despite these potentials, there is paucity of safety data to support its continued usage. This study investigated the toxicity profile of hydroethanolic extract of E. tremula (HEET) in Wistar rats. Acute and sub-acute (28 days at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per oral) toxicity tests were conducted using OECD 425 and 407 guidelines respectively. Limit test at 5,000 mg/kg was conducted to ascertain the midpoint lethal dose (LD50). The LD50 of HEET was above 5000 mg/kg per oral and no significant alterations in haematological parameters and tissue morphology were observed. In the sub-acute study, no death was recorded. There were no changes in food intake, organ/body weight, lipid profile, liver and renal function indices. However, histology of the kidneys showed slight tubular adhesion and glomerular necrosis. HEET was practically safe after acute administration with no practical deleterious effect at 250 mg/kg after prolonged administration in rats. However, 28 days administration of high doses caused slight kidney injury.
‘A man is known by the company he keeps’: A critical overview of semantic prosody
Authors: Ben Ghozlen Boutheina
Published: December 2023

The discipline of corpus linguistics has revolutionized the study of language in a variety of ways. In this respect, semantic prosody is one of the rapidly evolving research streams that encapsulates the incorporation of digital technology into linguistic research and deserves more scholarly attention. The paper aims to offer new insights into the study of this theoretical concept. It presents a critical review of the existing literature, delineating the major merits and challenges of this area of inquiry, and suggests novel research avenues. This article has theoretical and practical implications for the future research agenda on semantic prosody. It underscores the importance of endowing this corpus linguistics concept with more clarity and consistency as to its labeling, conceptualization, and delimitation. The paper also proposes some new applications pertaining to the investigation of the discursive construction of human referents across different text types.
Jugosłowiańska Islamska Wspólnota Wyznaniowa / Wspólnota Islamska w dokumentach Państwowej/Związkowej Komisji do spraw Wyznań w latach 1945–1971
Authors: Wawryszuk Paweł
Published: December 2023

Yugoslavian Islamic Religious Community/Islamic Community in the documents of the State/Federal Commission for Religious Affairs in 1945–1971

In Yugoslavia, Muslims were the third largest religious group after Orthodox Christians and Catholics. However, this group was not only composed of the Islamised Slavs from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), but also Albanians, Turks, and others. After the communists took power in the country, one of the new government’s priorities was to establish relations with this minority. The body that coordinated state policy towards religion, collected materials, and analysed the present religious situation in the country was the State/Federal Commission for Religious Affairs (D/SKVP) existing in the period from 1945 to 1971. Analysis of the documents from D/SKVP helps us to identify the elements of state politics towards Islamic Religious Community/Islamic Community in Yugoslavia. Throughout the discussed period (1945–1971), IVZ/IZ was the most conciliatory from the large religious associations in Yugoslavia in relation towards the authorities. It is confirmed by a relatively small number of documents related to Muslims and gathered in D/SKVP reaching only a few percent of total amount of materials. The leaders of IVZ/IZ became more assertive in relations with the authorities since the mid-1960’s when the government implemented liberalisation of religious politics. In Yugoslavia a kind of religious revival took place which was manifested, among others, in rebirth of religious structures and, to a large extent, their turn towards nationalism.
Making the Case for the Restitution of Illicitly Acquired Cultural Objects under the Rules of Jus Cogens
Authors: Adewumi Afolasade A. , Adenekan Victor O.
Published: December 2023

Over the years, our perspective on cultural heritage has undergone changes. The field has become more diverse, requiring solution-focused approaches to address the underlying problems associated with cultural heritage. One significant challenge is the issue of restitution, which is considered a major failure of international cultural heritage law. How can international cultural heritage law completely heal historical wounds instead of merely offering empty hopes to those who have suffered? Simply acknowledging past wrongs by offending states is insufficient, and it does not align with the fundamental legal principle that where there is a wrong, there should be a remedy (ubi jus ibi remedium). Despite the considerable growth in the jurisprudence of international cultural heritage law, there remains a pressing need to consolidate the legal framework to facilitate the restitution of stolen or looted cultural objects. This article argues that the prohibition of plunder and pillage of cultural property constitutes a jus cogens rule of international law. Its violation therefore gives rise to an unconditional obligation to restitute such property.
State Aid to Promote Culture and Heritage Conservation: Museums and Other Cultural Institutions as Recipients of EU State Aid
Authors: Stępkowski Łukasz
Published: December 2023

This article addresses the issue of whether EU State aid granted for the purposes of promoting culture and heritage conservation is subject to the prohibition of Article 107(1) TFEU and its derogations. Specifically, the article outlines the problem of “economic activity”, and hence being an “undertaking” insofar as regards bodies operating in the field of culture and heritage conservation (e.g. museums). It covers the European Commission’s approach thereto, together with its decisions made in the field of State aid, as well as the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (particularly examining the impact of the MOTOE decision for the topic at issue). The article offers a critical assessment of the Commission’s approach, positing that it is not in line with Article 107(1) TFEU as it is currently interpreted by the Court, and is at odds with the Commission’s own 2016 Notice on the notion of State aid.
Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy: a Rare Case of Rosai-Dorfman Disease
Authors: Waters Amy Waters , Joan Gekonde, MD  , Nathaniel Gilbert, MD  , Nezam Altorok, MD
Published: December 2023

Introduction: 

Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD) is rare with approximately 100 new cases annually in the United States and a mean age of 20.6 years [1]. RDD is characterized by massive lymphadenopathy and sinus histiocytosis [1].  Bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy is the typical presentation, however extra nodal sites have been noted [1].  This case discusses manifestations of a rare disease state.  

Case Presentation:

A 19 year old male with a history of eczema and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis presented to the emergency room with four days of diffuse abdominal pain localized to the left upper quadrant, radiation to the right lateral ribs with nausea and diarrhea.  He reported an unintentional weight loss of 30 pounds in the last three months. Physical exam revealed generalized abdominal tenderness and rebound. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) along with routine labs were ordered.  CTAP showed retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy up to two centimeters in the short axis (figure 1) and mesenteric adenopathy with a 15 millimeter lymph node in the right lower quadrant. Histopathology reported necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis with benign sinus histiocytes. Referral to rheumatology was made and treatment was initiated with prednisone 20 milligrams daily with plans for repeat abdominal imaging to evaluate for reduction of adenopathy. 

Discussion:

RDD coexists with immunologic disease in 10% of cases.3 It has been associated with systemic lupus erythematous, idiopathic juvenile arthritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia,24 and one case of RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease [1]. The prognosis for RDD is indolent, 50% of patients experiencing resolution, one third with residual asymptomatic adenopathy and 17% with persistent symptomatology [2].  Our case highlights our patient’s associated history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis now presenting with histological findings of RDD. A methodical approach to assessing patients with diffuse abdominal pain and ensured collaboration amongst different medical specialists will ensure favorable treatment outcomes.
Longing for a Lost Past
Authors: Bihar Rivka
Published: December 2023

Kula 930 is a play written, produced, directed, and performed exclusively by members of the Istanbul Jewish community. It was first staged in 1978 and is considered to be the first play in Türkiye since 1947 that was predominantly performed in Ladino (Judeo-Spanish). This study examines the reasons behind the success of the play, from its first rendition in 1978 to its fourth rendition in 2017. The paper analyses the circumstances and the meaning of the play’s language and its characteristics while highlighting the evolution of the play within the socio-historical context of Jews in Türkiye.
«Nation Ponentina» de Venecia. Rastros de la presencia de la comunidad sefardí en el Antiguo Cementerio Judío del Lido
Authors: Locatelli Sofia
Published: December 2023

La comunidad sefardí de Venecia dejó rastros en la cultura, la literatura y las tradiciones del pueblo judío de la Laguna. Esta herencia se encuentra también en el Antiguo Cementerio Judío del Lido: las lápidas sefardíes destacan no solo por su estilo arquitectónico, sino también por la escritura sefardí, los epitafios bilingües y los escudos de armas grabados sobre la piedra. Los sefardíes, que representaron un importante recurso en la economía y en el comercio de la ciudad, instituyeron también una cofradía de caridad, cuyo estatuto bilingüe (portugués-italiano) fue publicado en 1712. El estudio de las lápidas y de las fuentes documentales nos permite reconstruir la vida y los acontecimientos de los miembros de la comunidad y también comprender aspectos importantes de la cultura literaria, artística y lingüística de los judíos sefardíes en la diáspora.
The Experience of Faculty Strikers: Factors that Could Impact Higher Education Strikes
Authors: Follo Giovanna , Huelskamp Diane
Published: December 2023

Higher education is being challenged as is the unionization of faculty. This combination could create a climate where faculty may need to strike. The purpose of this research is to describe the lived experiences of striking faculty to bring a greater understanding of what faculty may incur. This research utilized a phenomenological approach with a combination of composite narratives and in vivo coding to describe the lived experiences of striking. With the number of layoffs, strikes and threats of striking, this research is timely in understanding what striking entails and how it can best be navigated for the benefit of the faculty. There were 333 striking faculty of which twenty-seven were interviewed. Three themes developed and will be discussed. First, how the faculty's perception of the Union can influence their experience and willingness to remain on the picket line. Second, realizing a striker's experience is not monolithic, as realized in the differing experiences of the two campuses of Wright State. Lastly, surprising themes emerged, such as mental health issues surrounding financial, work and family struggles throughout the duration of the strike.
PROPERTIES OF A SECONDARY DISCHARGE PLASMA SUPPORTED BY A ROTATING GLIDING DISCHARGE
Authors: Chernyak V.Ya. , Iukhymenko V.V. , Iukhymenko K.V. , Tretiakov D.D. , Tsymbaliuk O.M. , Nedovesov S.S. , Prokofiieva Z.O.
Published: December 2023

In this work, the results of an experimental study of plasma parameters of a secondary discharge at atmospheric pressure, sustained by a low-power (~ 100 W) rotating gliding discharge in an air stream under conditions of a significant excess of the plasma channel length of the secondary discharge over the length of the self-sustained discharge channel in the range of 1...100, are presented. Plasma parameter determination was carried out using emission spectroscopy of the plasma with the SpecAir program. The assessment of the electric field intensity in the secondary discharge plasma was based on the dependencies between the discharge voltage drop and the length of the discharge current channel.
ACOUSTIC DIAGNOSTICS OF COOLANT PHASE TRANSITIONS IN A SUPERCRITICAL CONVECTION WATER LOOP
Authors: Bakai O.S. , Boriskin V.M. , Churikov V.V.
Published: December 2023

When choosing a coolant for 4th generation reactors, water in a supercritical state is studied. The acoustic method was chosen as one of the research methods, it is optimal under the conditions. Requirements for the device, implementation, and work results are described.
Desenvolvimento de soja alto oleico no Brasil
Authors:   , Sousa Teresinha de Jesus Feitosa de
Published: December 2023

A soja é a principal oleaginosa cultivada no mundo e é valorizada tanto pelo seu conteúdo de proteína, quanto de óleo. O melhoramento da qualidade do óleo de soja para alto teor de ácido oleico tem sido realizado para atender a indústria alimentícia, mas com principal demanda na indústria do biodiesel. Neste sentido, a tese visa demonstrar alternativas para o desenvolvimento de soja alto oleico no Brasil, assim como investigar a expressão de genes em soja alto oleico e convencional, quando infectadas com o nematoide Pratylenchus brachyurus. No primeiro capítulo foram desenvolvidos e validados ensaios de genotipagem CAPS e Taqman, para identificar e discriminar alelos mutantes de GmFAD2-1A e GmFAD2-1B, onde a partir desses ensaios, foi possível identificar alto teor de ácido oleico em genótipos de soja, permitindo a melhoria da composição do óleo através da seleção assistida por marcadores e o desenvolvimento eficiente de variedades de soja com alto teor de ácido oleico. O segundo capítulo mostra o desenvolvimento de programas de retrocruzamentos assistidos por marcadores (RAM), como um método eficiente para a incorporação de novos alelos em cultivares de soja, visando a produção de soja com alto teor de ácido oleico. E no terceiro capítulo foi feita uma investigação da expressão dos genes OPR3, JAR1, ETR, ATAF1, HS1PRO1, CHS e RD20-A em cultivares TMG4182 e TMG4182AO que possui alto teor de oleico, nos tempos 1, 5 e 10 dias após inoculação com o nematoide P. brachyurus. Onde foi observado que de forma geral, as plantas alto oleico apresentaram maior variação na expressão dos genes analisados, em comparação com a planta convencional, e uma vez que a cultivar TMG4182 é moderadamente resistente ao nematoide P. brachyurus, estudos futuros seriam interessantes para investigar se a característica alto teor de oleico, pode ter influenciado nos níveis de resistência ao nematoide. Palavras-chave: Soja; Alto oleico; Nematoides.
DIMENSI SPIRITUALITAS MUSIK SEBAGAI MEDIA EKSISTENSI DALAM SUFISME JALALUDDIN RUMI
Authors: Hanif Abdulloh , Fathy Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Music in Islam is not only related to art and culture. It is also included in the discourse of religious worship and experience. Many jurists debate the legal status of music, both at the listening level and at the singing level. However, for Sufis, music is a medium of worship, a medium for expressing their experience of closeness to God. Jalaluddin Rumi, as a Sufi who often uses music and expresses his Sufi experiences through poetry and music. He has a different meaning about music, which seems to contain a spiritual (ruhani) element which is a form of his experiential existence. This issue will be explored in this article through the question: what spiritual values are contained in Sufi music? and how can music occur as a way of existence in Sufism? This research is qualitative in nature with descriptive analysis which results in the conclusion that Rumi's poetry and music show his more intimate and secret teachings in relation to the expression of his relationship with God. So the experience of ecstasy and the ma’rifat often arises through poetry or music.
Perceptions on Employee Development and Turnover Intentions of Hotel Employees in Kenyan Hotels Post Covid-19
Authors: Gikutha Lilian M. , Njau Florence W. , Jilo Naghea
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic certainly had a negative impact on hospitality workers. With the recent recovery, the goal of the research was to assess hotel employees' intentions for career progression as well as their intentions for reskilling to improve their employability. 

Materials and Methods: The research population is made up of hotel employees from all throughout Kenya, including those working in the food and beverage, kitchen, housekeeping, and front office departments. The respondents were 394 employees who had taken refresher courses. The sampling techniques used was purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire, analyzed using quantitative techniques and presented in charts, graphs and, and tables 

Findings: Employees value career growth and progression, which allows them to receive promotions or advance in their jobs, according to the findings. However, the majority of them are dissatisfied with their salary and believe the market is volatile, so they may consider quitting the field and changing occupations for better prospects and job stability. Employees who were allowed to improve their work skills through training were more likely to be loyal and would not consider leaving their jobs because they felt the organization valued their competencies. This resulted in desired organizational performance, creating a reciprocal relationship between the employee and the employer.  

Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: It was suggested that the hotel industry build crisis resilience methods for dealing with uncertainties and calamities while considering staff welfare and retention strategies such as giving employee development opportunities. The research contributes to the social exchange theory where employees feel a sense of belonging to the employer while the organization in turn benefits from employee loyalty. As a practice, organizations need to create mechanisms to deal with crisis and uncertainties for employee welfare in addition to retention strategies like employee development opportunities and competitive remuneration. Furthermore, the hotel industry would be instrumental in the development of a national government policy on the establishment of a reserve fund to protect the business and its employees in the case of unforeseen circumstances as happened with the pandemic.
PEMBIAYAAN KEPEMILKAN RUMAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN AKAD MUSYĀRAKAH MUTANĀQISHAH DAN PEMBERIAN TA`ZĪR KEPADA NASABAH YANG TERLAMBAT MEMBAYAR ANGSURAN
Authors: Hayati Anisah Norlaila
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: Home ownership financing is short, medium, or long-term financing to finance the purchase of a residential home, either new or used. Akad Musyārakah Mutanāqishah is a new alternative applied in home ownership financing products by Bank Syariah Mandiri Pusat. Customers who have applied for home ownership financing are required to pay an allowance every month. However, if the customer delays the payment until maturity, the customer will be given a ta'zīr in the form of a fine. The method used by the writer in this research is qualitative research which is a case study. Using primary data sources, that is data obtained from interviews with the Central Bank Syariah Mandiri. Secondary data sources is data of supporting data such as DSN-MUI fatwas, related books, journals, and others. The results of this study state that the permissibility of giving ta'zīr to customers who are able but deliberately delay the payment of installments at the maturity sat based on the fatwa DSN-MUI No. 17 /IX/2000, which is the purpose of giving this ta'zīr to cause a deterrent effect for customers and make them disciplined and responsible for their obligations. The fine funds that have been paid by customers should not be recognized as an opinion by the Central Mandiri Sharia Bank but rather become a social fund managed by LAZNAS BSM UMAT.KEYWORDS: Home Ownership Financing, Musyārakah Mutanāqishah, Ta`zīr. ABSTRAK: Pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah merupakan pembiayaan jangka pendek, menengah, atau panjang guna membiayai pembelian rumah tinggal, baik baru ataupun bekas. Akad Musyārakah mutanāqishah merupakan alternatif baru yang diterapkan dalam produk pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah oleh Bank Syariah Mandiri Pusat. Nasabah yang telah mengajukan pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah diwajibkan untuk membayar anggsuran setiap bulannya. Akan tetapi jika nasabah menunda-nunda pembayarannya hingga jatuh tempo, nasabah akan diberikan ta`zīr berupa denda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang bersifat studi kasus, dengan sumber data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan pihak Bank Syariah Mandiri Pusat. Sumber data sekunder antara lain adalah data-data pendukung seperti fatwa DSN-MUI, buku-buku terkait, jurnal, dan lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa diperbolehkannya pemberian ta`zīr kepada nasabah yang mampu akan tetapi sengaja menunda-nunda pembayaran angsurannya pada saat jatuh tempo berdasarkan fatwa DSN-MUI No. 17/IX/2000, yang mana tujuan pemberian ta`zīr ini untuk menimbulkan efek jera bagi nasabah dan menjadikan mereka disiplin serta bertanggung jawab atas kewajibannya. Adapun dana denda yang telah dibayarkan oleh nasabah tidak boleh diakui sebagai pendapat oleh pihak Bank Syariah Mandiri Pusat melainkan menjadi dana sosial yang dikelola oleh LAZNAS BSM UMAT.KATA KUNCI: Musyārakah Mutanāqishah, Pembiayaan Kepemilikan Rumah, Ta`zīr.