bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Vascular Dynamics Alterations in Sub-Saharan Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Overview and Temporal Analysis of Nitric Oxide Administration
Authors: Diaw Mor , Diop Awa , Wirth Lorinette , Sow Abdou , Essone Jean , Diedhiou Demba , Sow Djiby , Seck/Diop Aissatou , Diagne Salimata , Toure Maimouna , Ndour/Mbaye Maimouna , Ba Abdoulaye , Samb Abdoulaye , Gaye Bamba , Belue Rhonda
Published: May 2024

Background: Early detection of arterial damage is essential for the primary prevention of complications linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study assessed the cardiovascular risk of sub-Saharan African individuals with T2D, while exploring possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in this population. Methodology: A crossover study of 72 sub-Saharan African adults (36 with T2D and 36 without T2D) was conducted. Outcomes including diameter size (mm) and blood velocity (cm/s) of the brachial artery, were obtained at seven time points: baseline and from 5 seconds to 600 seconds in two conditions: pre- and post Nitric Oxide (NO) administration. HbA1C, fasting glucose, age, BMI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), lipid profile, T2D duration since diagnosis, and binary indicators of insulin and oral diabetes medication were evaluated. Results: NO improved the blood flow compared to the pre-NO after adjustment for clinical factors. The beneficial effect of NO administration on vascular dynamics was influenced by age (B=1.09; 95%IC: 1.07, 1.11), increased BMI (B= 1.03; 95%IC: 1.01, 1.04) and insulin use (B = 1.13; 95%IC 1.10, 1.16). Conclusion: The nuanced impact of these factors on blood flow improvement related to NO necessitates tailored and personalized approaches in managing T2D patients.
Novel Biomaterial-Derived Activated Carbon from Lippia Adoensis (Var. Koseret) Leaf for Efficient Organic Pollutant Dye Removal from Water Solution
Authors: Mengesha Mesele , Shuka Yohannes , Eyoel Tesfahun , Tesfaye Tekalign
Published: May 2024

Today, various pollutants, such as dyes from industries, are being released into the environment worldwide, posing significant challenges that require sustainable attention and advanced solutions. This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel biomaterial-based activated carbon (AC) derived from Lippia Adoensis (Koseret) leaves and investigates its effectiveness in removing MB from aqueous solutions. The biomaterial adsorbent derived from LA was subjected to proximate analysis, pH-point zero charge (pHpzc), FT-IR, and SEM characterization. The pHpzc results indicated a slightly acidic surface functional group for AC. The impact of temperature and chemical impregnation (H3PO4, NaCl and NaOH) was examined, with the optimal temperature of AC preparation found to be 600°C. The use of H3PO4 for the chemical activation of biomaterials resulted in a high AC surface area. Batch adsorption experiments involved varying pH (2–10), dosage (0.1–0.35 g/50ml), initial concentration (10–35 ppm) and contact time (15–105 min). The optimal parameters were determined as pH = 8, dose = 0.25g, concentration = 10 ppm, and contact time = 75 min. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were calculated as 3.99 and 92.2%, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the system. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies revealed a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm (R2= 0.999), indicating monolayer adsorption and the pseudo-second order model, respectively. These findings suggest that the use of LA-AC could offer a cost-effective solution for the removal of methylene blue from water, contributing to the solution of water pollution challenges and promoting the adoption of eco-friendly wastewater treatment technologies.
Anicteric Cholestasis Syndrome with Pruritus Revealing Systemic Sarcoidosis
Authors: Mansour Diallo , Abdou Faye , Baba Nana , Adama Wade , Mamadou Diack , Ndour Ndour  Ndour , Khadr Mbaye , Yanidou Ndiaye , Adama Berthé , Souleymane Touré , Magatte Diop , Mourtalla Ka
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis of unknown aetiology characterised by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in organs. Hepatic involvement can be difficult to diagnose. Material and method: We report the case of a 30-year-old female patient with a long history of intractable pruritus revealing systemic sarcoidosis. Case report: A 30-year-old female patient presented with a persistent pruritus without jaundice or fever. Examination revealed tender hepatomegaly and scratch lesions. Laboratory tests revealed elevated liver enzymes with cholestasis, and serum protein electrophoresis showed an inflammatory profile. The different viral hepatitis tests were non-contributory. Alpha fetoprotein was normal. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans revealed a heteronodular hepatomegaly. The first liver biopsy was consistent with autoimmune hepatitis lesions. The disease improved with general corticosteroid therapy and azathioprine. Two years later, with the persistence of the pruritus, blood calcium levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme tests were found to be elevated. A new liver biopsy showed epitheliogigantocellular granulomas without caseous necrosis. A thoracic CT scan revealed mediastinal adenopathy. This suggested systemic sarcoidosis. The patient progressed well clinically and radiologically on general corticosteroids with adjuvant therapy and azathioprine. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease that can affect most tissues and organs. Hepatic involvement is frequent and more often difficult to diagnose.
Investing of Chatbots to Enhance the Library Services
Authors: Fatouh Amr
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in our daily lives and is a concept that refers to complex tasks that usually require significant human effort. Chatbots stand out as one of the primary applications of artificial intelligence, aiming to foster an interactive dialogue environment between humans and machines to address inquiries through textual or voice interfaces that simulate human cognition. Libraries can serve as an ideal environment for implementing this technology, where it can deliver advanced information services and streamline repetitive routine tasks typically performed by library staff. The paper discusses the applications of chatbots in automating library services, including reference services, user recommendations, information retrieval, data analysis, and other related processes, and their mechanism of action in processing natural language queries and responding to them accurately. Through a web survey, the study identified eighteen chatbot models that could be implemented in libraries. This survey provided details about these bots, including their type (free or commercial), ownership, release date, operating platforms, and key features. This allows libraries to choose from them. Integrating chatbots into libraries will open new horizons for enhancing their services and improving the user experience. Despite the benefits offered by these chatbots, they face several challenges and concerns regarding their usage, notably data privacy and security, and bias in retrieval. It is expected that in the future, these chatbots will become a fundamental component of providing library services.
Pit Slope Configuration for Open Pit Mining – A Case Study
Authors: Gyebuni Richard , Kunkyin-Saadaari Festus , Mensah-Kane Douglas
Published: May 2024

To achieve stable pit wall slopes, it is imperative to obtain a fair knowledge of the rock mass characterisation before designing the pit. Insufficient knowledge of the competency of the country rock could lead to using unsupported slope configuration in the design process which can consequently lead to slope failure. In this study, the geomechnical properties of the Bremen-Nkosuo concession are analysed using Bieniawski’s classification scheme to determine the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) for defining safe pit slope configuration of the Nkosuo pit. The findings show that the rockmass are best described as ‘fair’ for the two main lithologies existing at the concession. Subsequently, localised adjustment factors are applied to the calculated RMR to arrive at Mining Rock Mass Ratings (MRMR). These MRMR values are correlated with 50 m fixed stack height and 1.2 safety factor to determine optimum Bench Slack Angle (BSA) of 54° and 57° for host sedimentary and granitic rocks respectively. For individual benches, optimum slope design configurations were 10 m, 800, and 6.6 m respectively for bench height, bench face angle and catch berm for metasedimentary rocks. Likewise, that for granitic formation were 10 m bench height, 800 face angle and 6.0 m catch berm width. These configurations are in conformance with mineral and mining regulations of Ghana. Slope stability assessment was performed which included Slope Mass Rating (SMR), Kinematic and Limit equilibrium analysis. From the analysis, multi-bench scale slope instability occurrence was found to be rare but single-double scale could be possible at the western wall of the planned pit with probability of failure of about 0.4. Presplit and trim shots perimeter blasting techniques are recommended to maintain the integrity of the final pit walls at certain areas.
Determinants of Residential Real Estate Property Prices in Ethiopia: The Case of Bahir Dar City
Authors: Mekuria Tamirat , Yimam Seid , Negashi Yohans
Published: May 2024

The Ethiopian real estate industry has grown in the previous two decades, especially in the capital city of the country and regional capitals, including Bahir Dar. Real estate prices have doubled and even tripled in a few years because of different factors. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyse the factors affecting residential real estate prices in Ethiopia, particularly in Bahir Dar City. For this purpose, the study used both purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, and the ordinary least squares method was used to identify the factors that influence residential real estate prices. The hedonic regression model result reveals that R2 statistics (0.880) indicate that 88% of the variation in residential real estate prices can be explained by variation in the independent variables. Hedonic regression model results revealed that plot size, floor area, number of rooms, age of the house, external wall finishing material, ceiling finishing material, the direction of the house, distance of the property from the main road, and involvement of brokers in the transaction process, were major micro-factors that had a significant effect on residential real estate prices at the 5% level of significance. Furthermore, the interview results show that the challenges faced by real estate developers mostly include loans and aid issues, high-interest rates, mortgage restrictions, the financial capacity of real estate companies, delays in plan approvals, and rising costs of construction materials are among the major challenges affecting investment in real estate. The study suggests that the municipality of Bahir Dar City should provide an adequate supply of land to real estate developers, improve infrastructure development, and federal and regional governments should provide the credit lending mechanism by lowering interest rate especially for low-income class.
Biodiversity and Community Structure of Micro-Arthropods in the Memve’ele Dam, the Tributary River and the River Receiving the Evacuated Turbine Water (South-Cameroon)
Authors: Sonkeng Gabin , Koji Ernest , Toukem Andrea , Mamert Onana , Tsekane Sedrick , Mbianda Auguste , Kenne Martin
Published: May 2024

A survey was undertaken from July 2021 to January 2022 in South-Cameroon on the biodiversity of micro-arthopods in the Memve’ele dam (Site 1), the tributary river (Site 2) and the adjacent river (Sites 3 and 4). Four abiotic parameters were measured in-situ while nine other abiotic parameters were measured in the laboratory using standard methods. Micro-arthopods were counted and identified. Water quality was determined. BOD5, conductivity, NO2-, NO3-, pH, PO43-, temperature and suspended solids were on average within the standards for drinking water. Chlorophyll a, color, DO, NH4+ and turbidity values were on average above the standard upper limits. Based on the water quality index (WQI) raw waters were unfit for direct drinking (Dam: WQI=898.864; Site 2: WQI=752.451; Site 3: WQI=883.808; and Site 4: WQI=1,665.883) and presented ideal conditions for fish farming or irrigation for agriculture. A total of 5,487 specimens belonged to three classes, eight orders, 20 families, 57 genera, and 87 species and morphospecies (54 freshwater and 33 tolerant species able to develop in at least two water environments). Ectocyclops sp. was the most recorded species (10.6%), followed by Cyclops sp. (9.1%), Alona costata (8.9%), Mesocyclops sp. (7.9%), Tropocyclops sp. (7.5%), Senecella calanoides (6.8%), Diaphanosoma sarsi (6.1%), while other species were represented each by less than 5.0%. Low species richness, high species diversity and a very low dominance by a few species were noted. Assemblages were highly even (Pielou’s index close to 1). Species exhibited in all sites, a positive global net association. The assemblage recorded during the wet season at Site 3 functioned as a pioneer community (Broken-Stick model) while, the assemblage recorded during the dry season at Site 2 and the one recorded during the dry season at Site 3 functioned as nomocenosis (log-linear or log-normal models) and were therefore little evolved. In contrast, during the two seasons in the dam and Site 4, as well as during the rainy season in Site 2 and the combined seasons in Site 3, the assemblages functioned as highly evolved communities (Zipf or Zipf-models) with significant regenerative force, suggesting that these assemblages maintained a complex information network developed at spatio-temporal scales. The evolved state (close to natural balance) of the micro-arthopods communities should be preserved and protected.
Characterization and Mapping of Soil Salinity Status at Small-Scale Irrigation Farm: The Case of Fantale Irrigation Project Sites
Authors: Hunde Kasahun , Shelemaw Zelalem , Ambomsa Ambase , Workina Mekonnen
Published: May 2024

Agricultural production and productivity can be adversely affected by the presence of excessive salts in soils particularly in semi-arid and arid areas. Knowledge of the salinity/sodicity of the soil and the quality of the irrigation water is essential for managing agricultural fields effectively and increasing the output and productivity of the lands. This research was initiated with the objectives of characterizing and Mapping of soil salinity status at small scale irrigated areas of Fantale district and identifying the most affected irrigation scheme so as to design appropriate soil salinity management. The study was conducted at Fentale district of Galcha, Gola and Dire Sade irrigation schemes. Soil samples were collected from the surface using augur, and from pits at different depth interval and analyzed for pH, EC, Na+, ESP, SAR, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and CEC. The result was compared with the standards set by FAO system to classify soil and water salinity. Accordingly, it was identified that Galcha irrigation scheme was characterized as sodic due to very strong sodium concentration with average ESP of 53.2% and EC 3.95 mmhoms/cm and pH about 9.25. On the other hand, Gola and Dire Sade Irrigation schemes were characterized as moderately and slightly sodic respectively. Sodium was the dominant soluble cation, followed by calcium, magnesium, and potassium in all soil depths and schemes. Beside primary Salinization of natural processes such as physical or chemical weathering parent material, and discharge Basaka Lake to the downstream, was the main source of salt build-up in the upper layers of the soil at Galcha irrigation scheme. On the other hand, irrigation water analysis indicated that water used for irrigation at all irrigation schemes were slightly sodic. Therefore, the study underscores the need for a scientific reclamation of sodic soils primarily at Galcha Irrigation scheme where sodium concentration in the soil was very strong.
The Symbiotic Relationship Between Garments, Yoga, and Ayurveda: A Holistic Perspective
Authors: Tiwari Shruti , Kapoor Shikha , Mithapalli Amar
Published: May 2024

Garments, being the closest layer to the human body, hold a profound influence on the well-being of an individual. The skin, being the body's largest organ, acts as a protective barrier, selectively allowing external elements to interact with the body. This dual role becomes especially crucial when considering the garments we wear, as they come in direct contact with our skin. The characteristics of fabrics, including color, texture, aroma, raw materials, and energy, have a tangible impact on the wearer's body, mind, and energy. Yoga practitioners, known for their heightened sensitivity, become particularly receptive to the subtle influences of garments, including fabrics and designs. The ancient healing disciplines of Yoga and Ayurveda, deeply rooted in Indian traditions, recognize the significance of these influences. According to Ayurveda, the materials used in garments should not only be comfortable but also supportive of different yogic practices and lifestyles. This paper explores the intricate relationship between garments, Yoga, and Ayurveda, delving into how the choice of fabrics and designs can contribute to the holistic well-being of individuals. By understanding and aligning with the principles of Ayurveda, practitioners can make informed decisions about the garments they choose, ensuring that these articles of clothing not only complement their physical activities but also contribute positively to their mental and energetic states. In essence, this research aims to shed light on the interconnectedness of these ancient disciplines and provide insights into how conscious choices in clothing can enhance the overall experience and benefits of Yoga practice in harmony with Ayurvedic principles.
Manual Exchange Transfusion Role in the Management of a Pregnancy Compromised by Sickle Cell Disease in a Tertiary Hospital in Burkina Faso: A Case Report
Authors: Ydris Djerma , Moussa Sanogo , Rodrigue Sib , Salam Ouedraogo , Amadou Kafando , Barnabé Yameogo , Salam Sawadogo , Yacouba Nébié , Eléonore Kafando
Published: May 2024

Sickle cell disease in pregnant women can lead to potentially serious complications for both the mother and fetus. Its management remains a major public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited regions. Here, we report the management of a case at the Regional University Hospital (RUH) of Ouahigouya. A 30-year-old patient with 2 pregnancies, 1 miscarriage following a vaso-occlusive crisis. The current pregnancy was monitored at a peripheral health center until 25 weeks of gestation when the patient experienced a vaso-occlusive crisis, prompting her evacuation to the CHUR-OHG. Electrophoresis of hemoglobin revealed 53% hemoglobin S fraction and 47% hemoglobin C fraction, with mild anemia at 9.6g/dl. After symptomatic treatment and hydration, the first crisis improved; however, due to the succession of crises, manual exchange transfusion was discussed and indicated by the care team. Initially, this exchange was not performed due to a lack of blood products. Thanks to the opening of the new transfusion center in the region, the required blood bags were available for the procedure. Manual exchange transfusion was performed, using AA red blood cell concentrate. The immediate aftermath of the exchange transfusion was straightforward, and the patient was able to carry her pregnancy to term without further complications. Delivery was by caesarean section, at 38 weeks of gestation. The newborn, a female, had Apgar scores of 9/10 and 10/10, with a weight of 2600 grams. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with no vaso-occlusive crises.
Ethnic Identity and National Unity in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities for Building National Consensus
Authors: Birhan Aemro
Published: May 2024

Background: Ethiopia's rich ethnic diversity has long been a defining feature of its social landscape. The coexistence of numerous ethnic groups within the country offers both opportunities for cultural enrichment and challenges for the formation of a coherent national identity. Historical, political and social dynamics have shaped the complex interplay between ethnic identity and the quest for national unity, warranting a critical examination of the converging forces influencing the socio-political fabric of Ethiopia. Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze the challenges and opportunities related to ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia in order to identify ways to build a sustainable national consensus amidst ethnic diversity. By shedding light on the nuanced dynamics of ethnic identity formation, social cohesion and political agency, the study aims to identify strategies that promote inclusive nation building while respecting the diversity of Ethiopia's ethnic mosaic. Main Findings: The study examined the historical roots of ethnic identity formation in Ethiopia and shed light on the legacy of various cultural traditions, historical grievances and political developments that have shaped contemporary perceptions of ethnicity. It also critically assessed the impact of ethnic federalism, decentralized governance and ethno-nationalist aspirations on the overall quest for national unity and cohesive statehood. Furthermore, the study explored the challenges posed by inter-ethnic tensions, identity-based conflicts and socio-political fragmentation, while identifying the potential opportunities for promoting dialog, reconciliation and inclusive citizenship to strengthen national consensus. Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on a comprehensive analysis of secondary sources, including academic papers, historical documents, policy papers and ethnographic accounts. By synthesizing insights from different disciplines such as anthropology, political science and social history, the study has created a holistic understanding of the multi-layered dimensions of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia. Conclusion: The complex dynamics of ethnic identity and national unity in Ethiopia underscore the need for inclusive policies that respect the diverse cultural heritage while promoting a common national identity, recognizing historical grievances, addressing inter-ethnic tensions and fostering dialog. Balancing the diverse ethnic mosaic within a unifying national narrative is critical to moving towards sustainable nation building.
A Busoga Hernia: A Rare Case Report in India
Authors: Kumar Raj
Published: May 2024

Inguinal hernia stands as a prevalent surgical concern, often addressed either through elective procedures or as emergencies by surgeons. The indirect hernia has high propensity to bowel obstruction due to narrow constrictive ring. Direct hernia is comparatively safe from complications owing to the larger defect. Busoga hernia (BH), alternatively referred to as Gill-Ogilvie hernia, represents a seldom-seen variation of direct inguinal hernia affecting the conjoint tendon. This hernia type arises due to a weakness in the conjoint tendon and tends to manifest more frequently among young athletes. Some authors described herniation in the weakened conjoint tendon secondary to rigorous training, kicking, running and sharp turn. Busoga hernia (BH) represents an uncommon subtype of direct inguinal hernia, characterized by a heightened risk of strangulation of its contents. This risk is attributed to an exceptionally narrow neck under constant tension within a resilient fascial sling. BH may migrate into labia majora in female and rarely migrate to the scrotum in male. We encountered a case involving a male patient aged 64 years who arrived with a small painful inflammation in his right groin. Surgical exploration under general anesthesia, revealed a 1cm defect in the medial aspect of the conjoint tendon. Subsequent procedures included herniotomy and herniorrhaphy, wherein the hernial contents consisted of pre-vesical fats and a portion of the urinary bladder. Surgeons must possess a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the inguinal region to effectively manage situations with confidence. The postoperative recovery period progressed satisfactorily with good outcomes. Patient is under regular follow up.
The Interaction Between Fiscal Decentralization and Institutional Quality Could Serve as an Alternative to Reducing Public Debt in Central Africa
Authors: Chrétien Nzomo , Georges Wandji , Aimé Kenfack , Emmanuel Fantcho
Published: May 2024

The Central Africa region is encountering significant economic challenges, particularly regarding public debt management. High public debt in Central Africa may hinder governments' ability to invest in development projects and deliver essential services to the population. Therefore, it is important to explore how the interplay between fiscal decentralization and institutional quality can provide an effective solution for reducing public debt. Futhermore, Central African countries face significant difficulties in managing public debt, often exacerbated by corruption. This study examines whether the quality of institutions is the channel through which fiscal decentralization leads to the reduction of public debt in Central Africa. This study analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on public debt in Central Africa, with emphasis on the role of corruption. Using various econometric methods, including fixed effects, Driscoll and Kraay, the analysis reveals that fiscal decentralization helps reduce public debt in Central Africa. However, the positive impact of fiscal decentralization on public debt depends on a lower level of corruption. These results are robust as the use of GMM in system and the 2SLS approach of Lewbel have led to the same conclusions. These conclusions highlight the importance of the quality of institutions in the process of improving budgetary discipline, with a view to strengthening the beneficial effects of fiscal decentralization on public debt. This study suggests that anti-corruption institutions in Central Africa constitute the keystone for promoting fiscal decentralization and reducing public debt effectively.
Assessment on Major Constrains of Enset (Ensete ventricosum) Landrace Production and Management Methods in Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Mitiku Ashenafi , Wolde Mekuria , Mengesh Worku , Reshid Abdulshikur
Published: May 2024

Enset (Ensete ventricosum Cheesman) is important crops in South, South western and Central part of Ethiopia. The assessment was conducted in major enset growing areas of Gurage zone during the 2021 cropping season with the objective of assessing major constrain of enset production and management methods at Cheha and Enemor Enore Woredas. The research site was selected with Gurage zine Agricultural office based on their enset production and cultivation. In each woredas four kebeles and five farmers were selected randomly. Farmers are growing enset landrace as intensive farming methods. In average 5-10 types of enset landraces were planting in their farm land. For propagating from 3-4 years enset landraces were preferred and germinating 50-100 sucker per plant. In both locations disease and wild animal is the major constrain of enset production. At Enemor Enore Woredas both disease and wild animal 60% and disease 25% whereas at Cheha worda disease 47.5% and both disease and wild animal 30% are the major constrains of enset production. In both location bacterial wilt is the major factors affecting enset production. In Cheha woreda 47.6% of enset landraces are tolerant to bacterial wilt reaction while 38.1% is susceptible whereas in Enemore Ener woreda 26.67% enset landraces are tolerant bacterial wilt while 23.33% is susceptible. The higher bacterial wilt prevalence was recorded in Cheha (77%) whereas in Enemore Ener woreda (57%). Among wild animal Porcupine and pig is the major factors for enset production. Therefore, for sustainable enset production, constant pest surveillance, planting a tolerant plant, Burring and rouging of the infected enset landrace, application of manure, removal of infected debris, and awareness creation are recommended to the local farmer.
Factors Affecting Academicians’ Research Engagement in Woldia University
Authors: Kefelegn Ermyas
Published: May 2024

Teaching, Research and community service are activities expected from current academicians in the university. Research engagement refers to both “engagement in research (i.e. by doing it) as well as engagement with research (i.e. by reading and using it)”. The involvement of academicians’ in research activities is very rare in Woldia University. This study is aimed at identifying factors that affect academicians’ research engagement using count regression models. To meet the objectives, Stratified sampling technique is used to select a sample of 275 academicians. Poisson, zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial regression models were used for data analysis considering the number of research conducted as the response variable. The analysis revealed that ZIP model was a better fit to the data than the other count models. Descriptive statistics results show that 72.4% of the academicians didn’t conduct any research in their stay at Woldia University. The results of the ZIP regression model revealed that for a year increases in teaching experience the number of conducted researches are increased by 1.17%. Providing research based trainings for female academicians, creating forums for experience sharing, minimizing funding burecracy, and providing mentorship in research activities are some of the interventions that help to increase the engagement of academicians in research activities.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Sterilization and Disinfection of Health Care Professionals in Bangladesh
Authors: Akanda Abdur , Sumon Sohel , Rahman Mohammad , Ahamed Marzuk , Sikder Mohammad , Abedin Mohammad , Rahman Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Healthcare professionals face a constant risk of acquiring infections from patients. Exposure to blood, saliva, and sharp instruments increases their susceptibility to various infectious diseases. Proper sterilization and disinfection procedures are crucial for protecting both healthcare workers and patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding sterilization and disinfection among healthcare professionals in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases & Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to June 2023. A total of 81 healthcare professionals were randomly selected and participated in the study after providing verbal consent. Data collection involved a pre-structured questionnaire focusing on knowledge, attitude, and practices related to sterilization and disinfection. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Ethical clearance was obtained before the study commenced. Results: The study included healthcare professionals from various backgrounds, with the majority being young adults (21-25 years old). Knowledge assessment revealed a good understanding of sterilization methods, disinfection procedures, post-sterilization instrument management, and waste disposal practices. Additionally, most participants were aware of the hospital's sterilization protocols and infection prevention policies. Regarding attitudes, a positive response was observed towards regular training for staff, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to sterilization and disinfection guidelines. However, a minority expressed concerns about reusing disposable items. Practices reflected the positive knowledge and attitudes, with a high percentage of participants following hand hygiene protocols, using PPE, and opting for disposable equipment. However, a small number reported experiencing needle-stick injuries, highlighting a potential gap between knowledge and practice. Conclusions: the study found that a majority of healthcare professionals in this setting demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitudes, and appropriate practices regarding sterilization and disinfection. However, a small knowledge, attitude, and practice gap was identified, particularly concerning needle-stick injuries. These findings suggest a need for ongoing education and reinforcement of safe practices to ensure optimal infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities.
Analysis of Good Governance in Land Acquisition and Compensation for Road Development in Nepal
Authors: Ansari Samsul , Ghimire Subash
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the intricate landscape of good governance within the realm of land acquisition and compensation processes for road development projects in Nepal, a pertinent issue given the global trend of forced displacement due to infrastructure development. Land acquisition, a process empowering public authorities to acquire land for public projects, often intersects with governance principles. Governance, characterized by participatory decision-making and accountability, ensures equitable distribution of benefits from land and resources. In the context of land acquisition, good governance upholds principles such as transparency, efficiency, and the rule of law. However, challenges persist in actualizing these principles, as evidenced by discrepancies between compensation rates and market values, opaque procedures, and delays in compensation disbursement. Drawing on empirical data from the Kathmandu Terai, Madhesh Fast Track Road Project (KTFTRP), this study reveals shortcomings in governance, including limited participation, lack of transparency, and inefficiency in compensation processes. Findings underscore the need for reforms to align land acquisition practices with principles of good governance, ensuring fair compensation, transparency, and efficiency. This study contributes to the discourse on governance reform and sustainable infrastructure development, offering insights for policymakers and practitioners in Nepal and beyond.
Importance of the Family Environment in the Psychological Support of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Ervilus Donnet
Published: May 2024

This article focuses, from an original angle, on the issue of high blood pressure (hypertension) which represents a major public health challenge in Haiti, particularly in Cap-Haitian, with low normalization despite drug treatment. Lack of family support at the hospital and non-compliance with medical recommendations often contribute to this problem. Furthermore, in the Haitian hospital environment, health professionals place much more emphasis on the physical aspect while ignoring that health involves a biopsychosocial dimension. To carry out this study, we adopted a qualitative approach. With this in mind, three patients, including two women and one man, were recruited. Their age ranges between 40 and 60 years old with a predominance of participants from privileged backgrounds. Semi-structured interviews made it possible to assess compliance with treatment and the quality of the family environment. One of the participants presented poor compliance, highlighting the significant impact of the quality of the family environment on compliance with treatment. The results indicate better compliance among patients from advantaged backgrounds, highlighting the importance of psychological support and compliance with medical recommendations. The findings of this research call for further integration of the family approach into hospital treatment of hypertension to improve therapeutic effectiveness and promote positive outcomes.
Treatment of Post-Tonsillectomy Hemorrhage With Nebulized Tranexamic Acid: Initial Investigation of a Novel Therapeutic Modality
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , McCauley Matthew , Osoba Muyinat , Pirotte Matthew , Liddy Whitney
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

The use of nebulized tranexamic acid (TXA) in massive pulmonary hemorrhage is well-described. Published utilization in post-tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) is limited to a single case. This study examines whether TXA resulted in change of operative intervention necessity and narcotic utilization.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study at a single, urban academic medical center in the United States. Chart review was conducted of all patients who presented to the hospital for post-tonsillectomy bleed (PTB) between 3/1/2018 and 7/1/2020. Demographic data, intervention modality, need for control under general anesthesia, and opioid use were collected and analyzed.

Results:

Twenty-one patients underwent a total of 23 visits for PTB over the study period. Control of hemorrhage without need for operating room intervention for PTB was 100% (6/6) for patients receiving TXA nebulizer and 53% (9/17) for those receiving other treatment modalities. Opioid usage in hospital and on discharge was also lower in patients receiving TXA nebulizers. All results were statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Our study supports nebulized TXA as an effective, non-invasive mode of hemostasis in patients presenting to the emergency department for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Nebulized TXA may prevent the need for general anesthesia and operative intervention. Otolaryngologists should consider addition of this novel treatment appropriation of TXA to their management options for postoperative tonsillar hemorrhage.
Does the BEER Predict the Indian Stock Market?
Authors: Seth Neha , Kumar Yogesh
Published: May 2024

This article critically analyses the time series relationship between bonds and stock yield for the valuation of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. The relationship is known by different names, namely Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) model, bond equity earnings ratio (BEER) and gilt–equity yield ratio (GEYR) model. BEER gives the idea to the investors about stock market valuation. It supports the investor in designing a buying and selling strategy for securities. This study employs Johansen’s cointegration test, Granger causality and variance decomposition tests to check the long and short-run association. The results show that the model can predict short-run returns but is ineffective in the long run. Empirical results also show a bi-directional Granger causality relationship between the BEER and the Nifty 50 index. Our results also indicate that the Indian stock market is overpriced.

JEL Codes: G11, G15, G17, G40, G41
Trans-Caspian International Transport Route: A Kazakhstani Perspective on Challenges, Opportunities, and Prospects
Authors: Yermekbayev Adilbek , Delovarova Leila , Kaliyeva Aliya
Published: May 2024

The sustainable development of transport and logistics systems and projects is one factor for the successful development of states and an indicator of integration processes in certain regions, including Central Asia. This study is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of the diversification of the external transport and logistics infrastructure; namely, an assessment of the potential of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) from the perspective of the Republic of Kazakhstan. While the route is useful for trade in multiple sectors, this paper will focus on the shipment of petroleum products via the TITR. Despite the absence of restrictions on the transit of goods to Europe through Russia, there are serious challenges to increasing the delivery time. The development of transport and logistics infrastructure is also relevant for Kazakhstan in the context of its new foreign policy role in the international arena to strengthen interregional cooperation. This requires serious attention and research into potentially promising routes. One of these routes is the TITR. Its development can significantly strengthen the economic position of Kazakhstan and strengthen its diplomatic potential. Along with this, there are several challenges and difficulties that need to be analyzed and overcome.
Addressing the gender gap: Impact of institutions on women’s political participation in Africa
Authors: Tambe Elvis Bisong , Jormfeldt Johanna
Published: May 2024

Women’s low political participation remains a problem in many parts of the globe. Previous research within the African context has examined the gender gap, focusing on individual-level factors. Still, the gender gap persists after controlling for the usual barriers (resource, attitudinal, social, and cultural). We complement prior studies by exploring the impact of an overlooked factor—institutions. We theorize that the gender gap in political participation in Africa depends on the specific institutional context and nature of the institutions themselves. Focusing on electoral systems, gender quotas, and their inclusive outcomes (increase in women’s numbers in national assemblies), we hypothesize that in countries with proportional (PR) electoral systems, gender quotas should encourage higher participation among women and yield small to no gender gap. Using five waves of Afrobarometer data covering 32 African countries, the multilevel regression results reveal nuanced effects of institutions on the gender gap in both electoral and non-electoral participation. First, compared with majoritarian systems, we find that PR electoral systems help erase the gender gap only for electoral participation (voting). In contrast, for non-electoral participation, PR electoral systems show no significant impact on reducing the gender gap. Second, we find no evidence to support the hypothesis that gender quotas reduce the gender gap in electoral and non-electoral participation. Third, where women’s representation in legislatures exceeds 20 percent, there is a reversal of the gender gap for voting. However, for non-electoral activity, improving women’s presence in national legislatures proves more effective in reversing the gender gap only for those belonging to a political party. For other activities, such as joining others to raise issues, protest actions, and attend community meetings, the gender gap persists but diminishes, with women holding 20–45 percent of seats.
To Answer or Not to Answer: What Determines Telephone Survey Response Rates in Times of Lockdown?
Authors: Deshmukh Neerad , Banerji Manjistha
Published: May 2024

Surveys in low- and middle-income countries evoke much higher response than those in richer countries. This has led to a situation wherein there is much less interest by researchers on various factors that might be impacting survey response in the former. However, many factors, including increasing urbanisation and industrialisation and accompanying demographic and socio-economic changes in countries of the global South, may lead to a situation where the survey response is no longer high warranting researchers to pay greater attention to it. In this article, the authors undertake this exercise by drawing on the panel the Delhi Metropolitan Area Telephonic Survey (DMAS-T) that was conducted in the National Capital Region during the pandemic from April 2019 to June 2021 (this includes periods of the COVID-induced lockdown). The results indicate that underneath the initial high response to the survey, there is much heterogeneity by the lockdown phase, survey month, and other individual and socio-economic background characteristics of the respondents. The results reinforce the argument for paying greater attention to survey response as a means of understanding survey data as also of designing better surveys with the intention to reduce non-response and/or bias.

JEL Code: C830
Rural Non-farm Sector Employment in the North-Eastern Region of India: Determinants and Implications for Well-being
Authors: Das Gautam Kumar , Deka Nijara
Published: May 2024

The article analyses the causal relationship between rural non-farm employment (RNFE) and the well-being of the people in India’s North-Eastern Region (NER). When India experienced a decline in poverty, specifically during the post-liberalisation period, the reduction of poverty was lower in the NER, with a wide variation at the state level in the region than in the rest of the country. However, the structural shift in occupations and livelihoods in NER has been sharper than in other parts of the country. In this context, this article aims to contribute to an understanding of the issue of occupational diversification in NER. Based on data from three rounds of the National Sample Survey (NSS) Employment and Unemployment Survey and two rounds of the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), that is, the PLFS of 2017–2018 and 2019–2020. The 2SLS regression analysis highlights the higher inclination of young persons with technical education, people belonging to large families, and females in rural NER towards seeking livelihoods in the non-farm sector.

JEL Codes: P46, M51, I21, E24
Crime-scene and offender characteristics in conventional and nonconventional stranger homicides committed by male offenders in Sweden
Authors: Rodre Sara , Sturup Joakim , Masterman Thomas
Published: May 2024

In Sweden, from 1990 to 2013, most homicides occurred between family members, friends or acquaintances: the annual rate of incidents between unacquainted offenders and victims ranged between 8% and 13%. In the majority of these “stranger homicides,” three common motives, as defined by the precipitating event, could be identified: homicides resulting from a spontaneous altercation; homicides committed in the context of a robbery or burglary; and homicides committed in the context of a gangland conflict. The remaining minority—with uncommon or indiscernible motives—could, nonetheless, be categorized according to their nonconventional distinguishing feature: homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior; homicides committed in the context of a hate offense or politically motivated offense; homicides committed in the context of a sexual offense; and homicides committed in the context of a mass killing or series of homicides. In this registry-based study of 224 incidents, “conventional” stranger homicides, defined by their commonplace motive, were compared with “nonconventional” stranger homicides, defined by their lack of such motive. The former were more often committed with an accomplice, against a male victim, whereas the latter were more often committed in a public place, after contact initiated by the offender. In the latter, offenders were less often intoxicated at the time of the offense and more often adjudged to suffer from a severe mental disorder. The subcategory of nonconventional stranger homicides characterized by the offender's ostensibly mentally aberrant behavior corresponded largely to both the archetypal stranger-homicide construct and the popular notion “act of madness.”
How Attitudes on Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Core Populist Radical Right Values Combine in Diverging Ideological Constellations Among Populist Radical Right-Inclined Voters
Authors: Linders Nik , Spierings Niels , Dudink Stefan
Published: May 2024

This article addresses three caveats in populist radical right (PRR) voter studies focusing on gender and sexuality: omission of potential voters, representing gender and sexuality as one undifferentiated category, and issue-specific rather than comparative analysis. We use a theory-grounded latent class analysis, based on the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study (2021), to identify voter profiles in terms of how nativism, populism, and gender identity and sexuality attitudes combine differently among citizens who are inclined to vote populist radical right. Empirically, we find distinct profiles in terms of populism, nativism and gender identity and sexuality attitudes: a small minority of gender-and-sexuality-conservatives and larger classes of more modern and moderate potential populist radical right voters; but all clearly nativist. Abstracting from the specific case of the Netherlands, we provide typological descriptions of populist radical right voters that are likely also relevant in other countries.