bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Fault Diagnosis for Gearbox Based on Image Processing
Authors: Wang Yang , Cheng Yujie
Published: September 2016

The gearbox is one of the most important parts of mechanical equipment and plays a significant role in many industrial applications. A fault diagnostic of rotating machinery has attracted attention for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and beneficially guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. In recent years, fault diagnosis has developed in the direction of multidisciplinary integration. This work addresses a fault diagnosis method based on an image processing method for a gearbox, which overcomes the limitations of manual feature selection. Differing from the analysis method in a one-dimensional space, the computing method in the field of image processing in a 2-dimensional space is applied to accomplish autoextraction and fault diagnosis of a gearbox. The image-processing-based diagnostic flow consists of the following steps: first, the vibration signal after noise reduction by wavelet denoising and signal demodulation by Hilbert transform is transformed into an image by bispectrum analysis. Then, speeded up robustness feature (SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bispectrum contour map, and the feature dimension is reduced by principal component analysis (PCA). Finally, an extreme learning machine (ELM) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. From the experimental results, the proposed method appears to be able to accurately diagnose and identify different types of faults of the gearbox.
Complexing Agents on Carbon Content and Lithium Storage Capacity of LiFePO4/C Cathode Synthesized via Sol-Gel Approach
Authors: Guan C. , Huang H.
Published: September 2016

Olivine-structured LiFePO4faces its intrinsic challenges in terms of poor electrical conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion capability for application to lithium-ion batteries. Cost-effective sol-gel approach is advantageous to in situ synthesize carbon-coated LiFePO4(LiFePO4/C) which can not only improve electronic conductivity but also constrain particle size to nanometer scale. In this study, the key parameter is focused on the choice and amount of chelating agents in this synthesis route. It was found that stability of complexing compounds has significant impacts on the carbon contents and electrochemical properties of the products. At the favorable choice of precursors, composition, and synthesis conditions, nanocrystalline LiFePO4/C materials with appropriate amount of carbon coating were successfully obtained. A reversible capacity of 162 mAh/g was achieved at 0.2Crate, in addition to good discharge rate capability.
Effects of Huang Qi Decoction on Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Homocysteine
Authors: Chu Shuang , Mao Xiao-dong , Wang Li , Peng Wen
Published: September 2016

Vascular endothelial dysfunction can be induced by homocysteine (Hcy) through promoted oxidative stress. Huang Qi decoction (HQD) is a traditional Chinese medical formula and its components possess antioxidant effect. The study herein was therefore designed to investigate the effects of HQD at different dosage on endothelial dysfunction induced by Hcy. Tempol and apocynin were used to investigate whether antioxidant mechanisms were involved. Endothelium‐dependent relaxation of rat aortas was investigated by isometric tension recordings. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by DHE staining. The assessment related to oxidative stress and NO bioavailability was performed by assay kits and western blot. In isometric tension experiment, HQD at the dose of 30 or 100 μg/mL, tempol, or apocynin prevented impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxation in isolated aortas elicited by Hcy. In cellular experiments, substantial enhancement in NADPH oxidase and ROS generation and reduction in NO bioavailability triggered by Hcy were reversed by pretreatment of HQD at the dose of 100 μg/mL, tempol, or apocynin. The results proved that HQD at an appropriate dosage presented favorable effects on endothelial dysfunction initiated by Hcy through antioxidant mechanisms. HQD can act as a potent prescription for the treatment of endothelium related vascular complications.
Exercise Alters Gait Pattern but Not Knee Load in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chang Ssu-Yu , Lin Yi-Jia , Hsu Wei-Chun , Hsieh Lin-Fen , Lin Yuan-Hsiang , Chang Chao-Chin , Chou You-Cai , Chen Li-Fei
Published: September 2016

Six female patients with bilateral medial knee OA and 6 healthy controls were recruited. Patients with knee OA received a 6-week physiotherapist-supervised and home-based exercise program. Outcome measures, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index and Short Form-36 Health Survey as well as objective biomechanical indices were obtained at baseline and follow-up. After treatment, no significant difference was observed in the knee abductor moment (KAM), lever arm, and ground reaction force. We, however, observed significantly improved pain and physical function as well as altered gait patterns, including a higher hip flexor moment and hip extension angle with a faster walking speed. Although KAM was unchanged, patients with bilateral knee OA showed an improved walking speed and altered the gait pattern after 6 weeks of supervised exercise. This finding suggests that the exercise intervention improves proximal joint mechanics during walking and can be considered for patients with bilateral knee OA. Non-weight-bearing strengthening without external resistance combined with stretching exercise may be an option to improve pain and function in individuals with OA who cannot perform high resistance exercises owing to pain or other reasons.
On the Singularity of Multivariate Hermite Interpolation of Total Degree
Authors: Hu Zhongyong , Meng Zhaoliang , Luo Zhongxuan
Published: September 2016

We study the singularity of multivariate Hermite interpolation of type total degree onmnodes with3+d<m≤d(d+3)/2. We first check the number of the interpolation conditions and the dimension of interpolation space. And then the singularity of the interpolation schemes is decided for most cases. Also some regular interpolation schemes are derived, a few of which are proved due to theoretical argument and most of which are verified by numerical method. There are some schemes to be decided and left open.
Shuyu Capsules Relieve Premenstrual Syndrome Depression by Reducing5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRExpression in the Rat Brain
Authors: Li Fang , Feng Jizhen , Gao Dongmei , Wang Jieqiong , Song Chunhong , Wei Sheng , Qiao Mingqi
Published: September 2016

The effects of the Shuyu capsule on5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRexpression in a rat model of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression and on5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRexpression and hippocampal neuron 5-HT3channel current were investigated, to elucidate its mechanism of action against PMS depression. PMS depression model rats were divided into depression and Shuyu- and fluoxetine-treated groups, which were compared to control rats for frontal lobe and hippocampal5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRexpression and behavior. The depressed model rats displayed symptoms of depression, which were reduced in treated and normal control rats. Frontal lobe and hippocampal5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRlevels were significantly higher in the model versus the control group and were significantly lower in the Shuyu group. As compared to control rats, the 5-HT3R channel current in the model group was significantly higher; the 5-HT3R channel current in hippocampal neurons treated with serum from Shuyu group rats was significantly lower than that in those treated with model group serum. Thus, PMS depression may be related to5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRexpression and increased 5-HT3channel current. Shuyu capsules rectified abnormal5-HT3ARand5-HT3BRexpression and 5-HT3channel current changes in a rat model; this finding may provide insight into treating PMS depression.
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors-Based In Situ Monitoring and Safety Assessment of Loess Tunnel
Authors: Lai Jinxing , Qiu Junling , Fan Haobo , Zhang Qian , Hu Zhinan , Wang Junbao , Chen Jianxun
Published: September 2016

Compared with electrical strain gauges, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is a relatively novel method for tunnel structural health monitoring, which has a number of advantages including high accuracy, multiplexing, electromagnetic interference resistance, and good repeatability. In order to study the internal force of the tunnel liner and detect the potential safety hazards, series of strain monitoring tests of a loess tunnel, taking into account the complex stress and strain variation of the loess during tunnelling, were performed by employing the tandem linear FBG sensor arrays controlled by the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. The concrete strain has obvious linear characteristics over time in the early stage and then gradually tends to a stable value. Moreover, after the necessary temperature compensation, loess tunnel structure safety was assessed through the analysis of real-time strain and internal force of the liner concrete, and the FBG monitoring data and safety assessment results indicate that the safety factors of various liner sections all meet the code requirements, which verify the safety and stability of the tunnel liner structure. The FBG sensors-based in situ monitoring technology can be well applied in the loess tunnel structure safety assessment.
Influence of Compacting Rate on the Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks
Authors: Danso Humphrey
Published: September 2016

Compaction of blocks contributes significantly to the strength properties of compressed earth blocks. This paper investigates the influence of compacting rates on the properties of compressed earth blocks. Experiments were conducted to determine the density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and erosion properties of compressed earth blocks produced with different rates of compacting speed. The study concludes that although the low rate of compaction achieved slightly better performance characteristics, there is no statistically significant difference between the soil blocks produced with low compacting rate and high compacting rate. The study demonstrates that there is not much influence on the properties of compressed earth blocks produced with low and high compacting rates. It was further found that there are strong linear correlations between the compressive strength test and density, and density and the erosion. However, a weak linear correlation was found between tensile strength and compressive strength, and tensile strength and density.
The Synthesis of Hydroxybutyrate-Based Block Polyurethane from Telechelic Diols with Robust Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Xue Dan , Fan Xiaodong , Zhang Zengping , Lv Wei
Published: September 2016

A series of novel amphiphilic block polyurethanes (PUHE) have been successfully synthesized by solution polymerization of the derived PHB-diol and poly(ethylene glycol) with a coupling agent of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), while the PHB-diol was prepared via the transesterification of PHB and ethylene glycol. The hydroxyl contents in PHB-diols range from 1.36 to 1.99 (the molar ratio) as determined by nonaqueous titration. The molecular weight and chemical compositions of PUHE and PHB-diol were investigated by GPC,1H NMR, and FTIR in detail, which confirm the successful synthesis of PUHE. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PUHE could reach as high as 20 MPa and 210%, as the content of PHB in PUHE is 33%. TGA curves indicate that block-bonding between PHB-diol and PEG increases the thermal stability of PHB-diol. Film degradation of PUHE was studied by weight loss and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It could be concluded that degradation occurred gradually from the surface to the inside and that the degradation rate could be controlled by adjusting the PHB/PEG ratios. These properties make PUHE able to be used as a biodegradable thermoplastic elastomer.
Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Early and the Delayed Use of Vinorelbine-Based Regimens for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Jieqiong , Jia Weijuan , Li Shunrong , Rao Nanyan , Su Fengxi , Liu Qiang , Yao Herui
Published: September 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vinorelbine-based regimens as first-, second- and more-line therapies in advanced breast cancer (ABC) and to analyze the best timing of vinorelbine treatment. Methods: A total of 71 ABC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 35 patients were treated with vinorelbine-based regimens as first-line chemotherapy, and 36 patients were treated with vinorelbine-based regimens as second-line or more-line therapy. The primary end point of the study was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: No difference was found in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.1 for all comparisons). There was a significant difference in the objective response rate (ORR; p = 0.006) and clinical benefit rate (CBR; p = 0.013) between the first-line group and the second- or more-line groups. In the vinorelbine first-line group, the ORR was 68.6% (24 patients), and in the second-line or more-line groups the ORR was 36.1% (13 patients). A significant difference in PFS between the first-line group and the second-line or more-line groups was also observed (p = 0.030). The median PFS in the overall population was 6.3 ± 1.32 months (95% CI 3.69-8.90). The median PFS was 11.1 ± 3.76 months (95% CI 3.73-18.47) in the first-line group compared with 5.2 ± 1.35 months (95% CI 2.54-7.85) in the second-line or more-line groups. In patients treated with vinorelbine-trastuzumab combination as the first-line therapy, a complete response was observed in 1 patient (12.5%) and partial response in 5 patients (62.5%), giving an ORR of 75.0%. Progressive disease was observed in 1 patient (12.5%), and stable disease in 1 patient (12.5%), leading to a CBR of 87.5%. The median PFS was 13.8 ± 2.75 months (95% CI 8.42-19.18), and median OS was 37.0 ± 11.6 months (95% CI 14.18-59.82). No significant difference was found in overall survival (OS) between the groups (p = 0.612). Conclusion: For ABC patients, no significant difference in median OS was found between the early use and delayed use of vinorelbine-based regimens, but the short-term efficacy and PFS of vinorelbine-based regimens were significantly better in the early use group than in the delayed use group.
The Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification for the Detection of Viruses and Bacteria in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Siow Wen Ting , Koay Evelyn Siew-Chuan , Lee Chun Kiat , Lee Hong Kai , Ong Venetia , Ngerng Wang Jee , Lim Hui Fang , Tan Adeline , Tang Julian Wei-Tze , Phua Jason
Published: September 2016

Background: Pathogens are often not identified in severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and the few studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for virus detection are from temperate countries. Objective: This study assesses if PCR amplification improves virus and bacteria detection, and if viral infection contributes to mortality in severe CAP in a tropical setting, where respiratory pathogens have less well-defined seasonality. Methods: In this cohort study of patients with severe CAP in an intensive care unit, endotracheal aspirates for intubated patients and nasopharyngeal swabs for non-intubated patients were sent for PCR amplification for respiratory viruses. Blood, endotracheal aspirates for intubated patients, and sputum for non-intubated patients were analysed using a multiplex PCR system for bacteria. Results: Out of 100 patients, using predominantly cultures, bacteria were identified in 42 patients; PCR amplification increased this number to 55 patients. PCR amplification identified viruses in 32 patients. In total, only bacteria, only viruses, and both bacteria and viruses were found in 37, 14, and 18 patients, respectively. The commonest viruses were influenza A H1N1/2009 and rhinovirus; the commonest bacterium was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Hospital mortality rates for patients with no pathogens, bacterial infection, viral infection, and bacterial-viral co-infection were 16.1, 24.3, 0, and 5.6%, respectively (p = 0.10). On multivariable analysis, virus detection was associated with lower mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.99; p = 0.049). Conclusions: Viruses and bacteria were detected in 7 of 10 patients with severe CAP with the aid of PCR amplification. Viral infection appears to be independently associated with lower mortality.
White Matter Lesions: Prevalence and Clinical Phenotype in Asymptomatic Individuals Aged ≥50 Years
Authors: David Jean-Philippe , Ferrat Emilie , Parisot Juliette , Naga Henri , Lakroun Samia , Menasria Feriel , Saddedine Sofiane , Natella Pierre-André , Paillaud Elena , Fromentin Isabelle , Bastuji-Garin Sylvie
Published: September 2016

Background: To assess the prevalence of early confluent/confluent white matter lesions (ec/cWMLs) in asymptomatic individuals aged ≥50 years and to identify associated clinical phenotypes. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 141 asymptomatic individuals aged ≥50 years assessed at an outpatient department in France. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was rated using the Fazekas scale. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic models to investigate factors associated with ec/cWMLs; independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis. Results: Median age was 63 years; 53.9% were women, 32.6% had hypertension, and 76.6% had ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of ec/cWMLs was 26.2%. Apart from age, independent risk factors were family history of cardiovascular event (OR = 5.55; 1.13-27.32) and hypertension (2.47; 1.05-5.81). Patients with ec/cWMLs had lower cognitive dual-task walking speed (1.15; 0.98-1.40), MMSE (1.41; 1.06-1.89), and FAB scores (5.21; 1.49-19.84). The Scheltens score was independently associated with the WML severity score. Conclusion: ec/cWMLs are common in asymptomatic community-dwelling individuals aged ≥50 years. They are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, impairments in global and executive cognitive function, and Scheltens score elevation.
Hypervariability of Nucleolus Organizer Regions in Bengal Slow Lorises, Nycticebus bengalensis (Primates, Lorisidae)
Authors: Baicharoen Sudarath , Hirai Yuriko , Srikulnath Kornsorn , Kongprom Urarikha , Hirai Hirohisa
Published: September 2016

Slow lorises are a cryptic species complex, and thus genetic markers are needed to identify distinct evolutionary lineages or species. We examined the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) using FISH with 18S rDNA (rDNA-FISH) and silver nitrate staining (Ag-NOR stain). Ten individuals of the putatively single species N. bengalensis showed higher variability in localization than 3 other congeners, though their overall karyotypes were similar. The rDNA-FISH analysis detected a total of 18 loci, in contrast to previous studies of other slow loris species that revealed far fewer (6-10) loci. Eight of the 18 loci detected in the present analysis were found to be semi-stable localizations at 4 different chromosomes, while 10 were found to be unstable localizations at 5 other chromosomes. The semi-stable locations showed occasional presence/absence of variations for rDNA-FISH, and unstable locations were polymorphic among individuals, contributing to the higher variability of NORs in this taxon. We hypothesize that the larger numbers of rDNA loci found in N. bengalensis were introduced by genomic dispersion through ectopic recombination in association with terminal regions including rDNA. Such differences are potentially very powerful chromosomal markers to be used in species identification and conservation.
Cognitive Function, APOE Gene Polymorphisms, and Thyroid Status Associations in Postmenopausal Women in Poland
Authors: Bojar Iwona , Stasiak Magdalena , Cyniak-Magierska Anna , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Lewiński Andrzej
Published: September 2016

Background: The objective of the study was to analyze a potential association between cognitive functions and thyroid status in postmenopausal women with different polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE). Methods: The examined population included 402 postmenopausal women from south-eastern Poland. The evaluation of cognitive functions was made with the use of the diagnostic Central Nervous System-Vital Signs equipment (Polish version). Multiplex polymerase chain reactions were performed to assess APOE polymorphisms. The thyroid hormone tests were assessed by an accredited laboratory. Results and Conclusion: Lower results of cognitive functions were associated with the presence of the ε4 APOE allele in postmenopausal women. The ε4 APOE polymorphism was associated with a higher concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone and lower concentrations of free triiodothyronine and total triiodothyronine.
Muscarinic Stimulation Facilitates Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Release by Modulating Ryanodine Receptor 2 Phosphorylation Through Protein Kinase G and Ca/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II
Authors: Ho Hsiang-Ting , Belevych Andriy E. , Liu Bin , Bonilla Ingrid M. , Radwański Przemysław B. , Kubasov Igor V. , Valdivia Héctor H. , Schober Karsten , Carnes Cynthia A. , Györke Sándor
Published: September 2016

Although the effects and the underlying mechanism of sympathetic stimulation on cardiac Ca handling are relatively well established both in health and disease, the modes of action and mechanisms of parasympathetic modulation are poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that parasympathetic stimulation initiates a novel mode of excitation–contraction coupling that enhances the efficiency of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca store utilization. This efficient mode of excitation–contraction coupling involves reciprocal changes in the phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 at Ser-2808 and Ser-2814. Specifically, Ser-2808 phosphorylation was mediated by muscarinic receptor subtype 2 and activation of PKG (protein kinase G), whereas dephosphorylation of Ser-2814 involved activation of muscarinic receptor subtype 3 and decreased reactive oxygen species–dependent activation of CaMKII (Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II). The overall effect of these changes in phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 is an increase in systolic Ca release at the low sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content and a paradoxical reduction in aberrant Ca leak. Accordingly, cholinergic stimulation of cardiomyocytes isolated from failing hearts improved Ca cycling efficiency by restoring altered ryanodine receptor 2 phosphorylation balance.
Relationship of Albuminuria and Renal Artery Stent Outcomes
Authors: Murphy Timothy P. , Cooper Christopher J. , Pencina Karol M. , D’Agostino Ralph , Massaro Joseph , Cutlip Donald E. , Jamerson Kenneth , Matsumoto Alan H. , Henrich William , Shapiro Joseph I. , Tuttle Katherine R. , Cohen David J. , Steffes Michael , Gao Qi , Metzger D. Christopher , Abernethy William B. , Textor Stephen C. , Briguglio John , Hirsch Alan T. , Tobe Sheldon , Dworkin Lance D.
Published: September 2016

Randomized clinical trials have not shown an additional clinical benefit of renal artery stent placement over optimal medical therapy alone. However, studies of renal artery stent placement have not examined the relationship of albuminuria and treatment group outcomes. The CORAL study (Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions) is a prospective clinical trial of 947 participants with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis randomized to optimal medical therapy with or without renal artery stent which showed no treatment differences (3(5.8% and 35.1% event rate at mean 43-month follow-up). In a post hoc analysis, the study population was stratified by the median baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio (n=826) and analyzed for the 5-year incidence of the primary end point (myocardial infarction, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, stroke, renal replacement therapy, progressive renal insufficiency, or cardiovascular disease– or kidney disease–related death), for each component of the primary end point, and overall survival. When baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio was ≤ median (22.5 mg/g, n=413), renal artery stenting was associated with significantly better event-free survival from the primary composite end point (73% versus 59% at 5 years;
P
=0.02), cardiovascular disease–related death (93% versus 85%;
P
≤ 0.01), progressive renal insufficiency (91% versus 77%;
P
=0.03), and overall survival (89% versus 76%;
P
≤0.01), but not when baseline urine albumin/creatinine ratio was greater than median (n=413). These data suggest that low albuminuria may indicate a potentially large subgroup of those with renal artery stenosis that could experience improved event-free and overall-survival after renal artery stent placement plus optimal medical therapy compared with optimal medical therapy alone. Further research is needed to confirm these preliminary observations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00081731.
Monetary Policy Spillovers across the Pacific when Interest Rates Are at the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Claus Edda , Claus Iris , Krippner Leo
Published: September 2016

To conduct monetary policy effectively, central banks need to understand the transmission of monetary policy into financial markets. In this paper we investigate the effects of Japanese and U.S. monetary policy shocks on their own asset markets, and the spillovers into each other's markets. Because short-term nominal interest rates have been effectively zero in Japan since January 1998 and in the United States from late 2008, however, monetary policy shocks cannot be quantified by considering observable changes in short-term market interest rates. Therefore, in our analysis we use a shadow short rate―a quantitative measure of overall conventional and unconventional monetary policy that is estimated from the term structure of interest rates. Our results suggest that the operation of monetary policy at the zero lower bound of interest rates alters the transmission of shocks. In particular, we find a limited response of exchange rates during the first episode of unconventional monetary policy in Japan but a significant impact since 2006.
How Restrictive Are ASEAN's Rules of Origin?
Authors: Cadot Olivier , Ing Lili Yan
Published: September 2016

This paper uses a product-level gravity approach to estimate the effect of ASEAN's product-specific rules of origin (ROOs) on regional trade, using original data on rules applicable at the six-digit level of the harmonized system. We find that the average tariff ad valorem equivalent (AVE) of ASEAN's ROOs is 3.40 percent across all instruments and sectors. The trade-weighted average is 2.09 percent. This moderate estimate is in line with the existing literature. We also find fairly high AVEs for some sectors, however, including leather, textile and apparel, footwear, and automobiles. Additionally, we find that some rules appear more restrictive than others; in this regard, the textile rule seems to stand out as a relatively more trade-inhibiting rule than others.
Domain-specific and Domain-general Processing in Left Perisylvian Cortex: Evidence from Russian
Authors: Klimovich-Gray Anastasia , Bozic Mirjana , Marslen-Wilson William D.
Published: September 2016

The processing of words containing inflectional affixes triggers morphophonological parsing and affix-related grammatical information processing. Increased perceptual complexity related to stem-affix parsing is hypothesized to create predominantly domain-general processing demands, whereas grammatical processing primarily implicates domain-specific linguistic demands. Exploiting the properties of Russian morphology and syntax, we designed an fMRI experiment to separate out the neural systems supporting these two demand types, contrasting inflectional complexity, syntactic (phrasal) complexity, and derivational complexity in three comparisons: (a) increase in parsing demands while controlling for grammatical complexity (inflections vs. phrases), (b) increase in grammatical processing demands, and (c) combined demands of morphophonological parsing and grammatical processing (inflections and phrases vs. derivations). Left inferior frontal and bilateral temporal areas are most active when the two demand types are combined, with inflectional and phrasal complexity contrasting strongly with derivational complexity (which generated only bilateral temporal activity). Increased stem-affix parsing demands alone did not produce unique activations, whereas grammatical structure processing activated bilateral superior and middle temporal areas. Selective left frontotemporal language system engagement for short phrases and inflections seems to be driven by simultaneous and interdependent domain-general and domain-specific processing demands.
Companion Animal Attachment and Guardian Behaviors
Authors: van der Merwe K. , More T.P. , Kotzé T.
Published: September 2016

Dogs are part of 29% of all South African households. Unfortunately, very little is known about the relationship between South African dog guardians and their canine companions. This study focuses on this relationship, with a specific focus on South African dog guardians’ attachment to their canine companions and the guardians’ resultant dog care behaviors. Two hundred self-completion questionnaires were distributed to adult dog guardians. The findings indicated that different care behaviors (essential, standard, enriched, and luxury) are positively related to companion animal attachment. These results suggest that dog guardians will provide basic types of care regardless of their levels of attachment to their canine companions. However, dog guardians with higher levels of attachment are more likely to provide their dogs with forms of enriched and luxury care.
A routine test for the relative susceptibility of potato genotypes with resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Authors: Teklu Misghina G. , Schomaker Corrie H. , Been Thomas H. , Molendijk Leendert P.G.
Published: September 2016

The population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi on eight potato genotypes was compared to the susceptible cv. Desiree in four glasshouse experiments. The initial nematode densities consisted of log series 2x, with . Seinhorst’s logistic model was fitted to the final population densities to estimate the parameters maximum multiplication rate (a), maximum population density (M) and the ratios RSa, RSM and . Average RSa and RSM of the seven resistant genotypes were smaller than 0.29%. The ratios on six resistant genotypes and cv. Desiree were the same, 1.3, indicating independence of RS. One genotype stood out with , whereby RSa < RSM. Both RS and were unaffected by pot size or experimental conditions. Screening protocols at second-stage juveniles (g dry soil)−1 in 2 or 3 kg pots were evaluated for distinctiveness between the two genotype groups. Based on the results, an optimal protocol for a routine resistance test is proposed.
A new synonymy in the genus Macrocixius (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae)
Authors: OROSZ ANDRÁS , RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: September 2016

Until recently the genus Macrocixius Matsumura, 1914 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) contained two species: M. giganteus Matsumura, 1914 (the type species) and M. grossus Tsaur & Hsu, 1991. Two recent papers revised the genus within a short interval of time. Both Zhang & Chen (2013) and Orosz (2013) provided redescriptions of the genus and its two previously included species; Zhang & Chen (2013) described two new species from China; Orosz (2013) described five new species from Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
Local Complementarity of Wind and Solar Energy Resources over Europe: An Assessment Study from a Meteorological Perspective
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Huld Thomas , Monforti-Ferrario Fabio
Published: September 2016

To assess the possibility of a combined use of solar and wind energy over Europe, a continental-scale dataset, with high spatial and temporal resolution and covering three years of data (2012–14), is analyzed. The 100-m wind is taken from the ECMWF analyses/short-range forecasts. To obtain hourly values of potentially generated electricity, wind is transformed into normalized electricity-generation data by considering a normalized output function representing the most common wind turbines available in the European market. A strong monthly variation is present, showing the maximum potential at high latitudes in winter and shifting to specific areas in the Mediterranean Sea region in summer. Hourly data for solar radiation are extracted from the satellite-retrieval scheme of the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF). The energy output of photovoltaic systems is calculated by considering the amount of solar radiation that arrives at the surface of the photovoltaic modules. Together with the main functional dependence on latitude, the photovoltaic potential depends also on longitude, as a consequence of the average pressure patterns. Last, the local correlation of wind and solar resources is assessed. For hourly data, a weak anticorrelation prevails in the domain, suggesting a degree of local complementarity of the two sources in many regions. A strong effect from the diurnal cycle is observed in some regions. Also, a significant dependence on the month (higher absolute values in summer) and on the time scale (increase in absolute value with the extension of the time window that is considered for the correlation) is apparent.
The Midlatitude Lower-Stratospheric Mountain Wave “Valve Layer”
Authors: Kruse Christopher G. , Smith Ronald B. , Eckermann Stephen D.
Published: September 2016

The vertical propagation and attenuation of mountain waves launched by New Zealand terrain during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) field campaign are investigated. New Zealand mountain waves were frequently attenuated in a lower-stratospheric weak wind layer between z = 15 and 25 km. This layer is termed a “valve layer,” as conditions within this layer (primarily minimum wind speed) control mountain wave momentum flux through it, analogous to a valve controlling mass flux through a pipe. This valve layer is a climatological feature in the wintertime midlatitude lower stratosphere above the subtropical jet.

Mountain wave dynamics within this valve layer are studied using realistic Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations that were extensively validated against research aircraft, radiosonde, and satellite observations. Locally, wave attenuation is horizontally and vertically inhomogeneous, evidenced by numerous regions with wave-induced low Richardson numbers and potential vorticity generation. WRF-simulated gravity wave drag (GWD) is peaked in the valve layer, and momentum flux transmitted through this layer is well approximated by a cubic function of minimum ambient wind speed within it, consistent with linear saturation theory. Valve-layer GWD within the well-validated WRF simulations was 3–6 times larger than that parameterized within MERRA. Previous research suggests increasing parameterized orographic GWD (performed in MERRA2) decreases the stratospheric polar vortex strength by altering planetary wave propagation and drag. The results reported here suggest carefully increasing orographic GWD is warranted, which may help to ameliorate the common cold-pole problem in chemistry–climate models.
Annual and Interannual Variability of the Tropical Instability Vortices in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Observed from Lagrangian Surface Drifters
Authors: Zheng Shaojun , Feng Ming , Du Yan , Cheng Xuhua , Li Jiaxun
Published: September 2016

This study documents the spatial distributions and temporal variations of anticyclonic eddies with identified radii ≥100 km in the equatorial eastern tropical Pacific Ocean [viz., tropical instability vortices (TIVs)] using Lagrangian surface drifters. The TIVs identified from Lagrangian surface drifters are distributed in a band along 5°N and are closely associated with latitudinal barotropically unstable shear between the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) and the eastward North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). Fewer TIVs are identified from February to June when the shear between the SEC and NECC is weak, whereas more TIVs are found from July to January when the shear is enhanced. The number of identified TIVs also exhibits substantial interannual variability, with fewer TIVs identified during El Niño events and more TIVs found during La Niña events. This relationship is likely associated with the interannual variations of the zonal circulation in the equatorial Pacific modulated by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Hydrologic and Climatic Responses to Global Anthropogenic Groundwater Extraction
Authors: Zeng Yujin , Xie Zhenghui , Zou Jing
Published: September 2016

In this study, a groundwater (GW) extraction scheme was incorporated into the Community Earth System Model, version 1.2.0 (CESM1.2.0), to create a new version called CESM1.2_GW, which was used to investigate hydrologic and climatic responses to anthropogenic GW extraction on a global scale. An ensemble of 41-yr simulations with and without GW extraction (estimated based on local water supply and demand) was conducted and analyzed. The results revealed that GW extraction and water consumption caused drying in deep soil layers but wetting in upper layers, along with a rapidly declining GW table in areas with the most severe GW extraction, including the central United States, the north China plain, and northern India and Pakistan. The atmosphere also responded to GW extraction, with cooling at the 850-hPa level over northern India and Pakistan and a large area in northern China and central Russia. Increased precipitation occurred in the north China plain due to increased evapotranspiration from irrigation. Decreased precipitation occurred in northern India because the Indian monsoon and its transport of water vapor were weaker as a result of cooling induced by GW use. Additionally, the background climate change may complicate the precipitation responses to the GW use. Local terrestrial water storage was shown to be unsustainable at the current high GW extraction rate. Thus, a balance between reduced GW withdrawal and rapid economic development must be achieved in order to maintain a sustainable GW resource, especially in regions where GW is being overexploited.
Early Evolution of the 23–26 September 2012 U.K. Floods: Tropical Storm Nadine and Diabatic Heating due to Cloud Microphysics
Authors: Hardy Sam , Schultz David M. , Vaughan Geraint
Published: September 2016

Major river flooding affected the United Kingdom in late September 2012 as a slow-moving extratropical cyclone brought over 100 mm of rain to a large swath of northern England and north Wales, with local accumulations approaching 200 mm. The cyclone developed on 20–22 September following the interaction between an equatorward-moving potential vorticity (PV) streamer and Tropical Storm Nadine, near the Azores. A plume of tropical moisture was drawn poleward ahead of the PV streamer over a low-level baroclinic zone, allowing deep convection to develop. Convectively driven latent heat release reduced upper-tropospheric PV near the streamer, causing it to fracture and cut off from the reservoir of high PV over the United Kingdom. Simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with 4-km horizontal grid spacing in which microphysical heating and cooling tendencies are set to zero, alongside calculations of instantaneous diabatic heating rates and PV tendencies along trajectories, reveal that deposition heating contributed strongly to the fracturing of the PV streamer into a discrete anomaly by directly reducing upper-tropospheric PV to the streamer’s east. Condensation heating contributed to lower-tropospheric PV generation along the cold front as the cyclone developed, while cooling due to sublimation, evaporation, and melting modified the PV much less strongly. The results of this case study show that the collocation of strong deposition heating with positive absolute vorticity in the upper troposphere can lead to substantial PV modification and a very different cyclone evolution to that when deposition heating is suppressed.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guideline for the management of deliberate self-harm
Authors: Carter Gregory , Page Andrew , Large Matthew , Hetrick Sarah , Milner Allison Joy , Bendit Nick , Walton Carla , Draper Brian , Hazell Philip , Fortune Sarah , Burns Jane , Patton George , Lawrence Mark , Dadd Lawrence , Robinson Jo , Christensen Helen
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To provide guidance for the organisation and delivery of clinical services and the clinical management of patients who deliberately self-harm, based on scientific evidence supplemented by expert clinical consensus and expressed as recommendations.

Method:

Articles and information were sourced from search engines including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for several systematic reviews, which were supplemented by literature known to the deliberate self-harm working group, and from published systematic reviews and guidelines for deliberate self-harm. Information was reviewed by members of the deliberate self-harm working group, and findings were then formulated into consensus-based recommendations and clinical guidance. The guidelines were subjected to successive consultation and external review involving expert and clinical advisors, the public, key stakeholders, professional bodies and specialist groups with interest and expertise in deliberate self-harm.

Results:

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm provide up-to-date guidance and advice regarding the management of deliberate self-harm patients, which is informed by evidence and clinical experience. The clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm is intended for clinical use and service development by psychiatrists, psychologists, physicians and others with an interest in mental health care.

Conclusion:

The clinical practice guidelines for deliberate self-harm address self-harm within specific population sub-groups and provide up-to-date recommendations and guidance within an evidence-based framework, supplemented by expert clinical consensus.
A public service-dominant logic for the executive education of public managers
Authors: Hiedemann Alexander M , Nasi Greta , Saporito Raffaella
Published: September 2016

Building on the concept of Public Service-Dominant Logic (PSDL), this article aims to apply the public service-dominant logic to executive education. We argue that fit-for-purpose and effective executive master programs for public managers (EMPA) need to be designed from a public service perspective. Framing executive education as a service enables the enhancement of the effectiveness of public action as a result of inter-organizational capacity and the co-production of learning outcomes. This article is an invitation to teach what we write, to practise what we teach and to teach through practice, which is what a public manager attending an executive program would expect in terms of public service experience. PSDL was applied to the flagship program at SDA Bocconi School of Management for public sector managers in order to produce the first concrete contribution and to illustrate how switching from a product-logic to a service-logic can have a positive effect on executive education, its structure and curricula. By retrospectively applying PSDL in order to investigate any concrete outcome on revising executive education programs, we show that it is possible to generate a concrete impact in terms of participant satisfaction and the perceived long-term added value of the learning experience by focusing on the education outcome, meeting and anticipating the participants’ needs and expectations, and considering the participants as active stakeholders at the heart of the delivery process.
Outcomes of Infants With Home Tube Feeding: Comparing Nasogastric vs Gastrostomy Tubes
Authors: Khalil Syed Tariq , Uhing Michael R. , Duesing Lori , Visotcky Alexis , Tarima Sergey , Nghiem‐Rao T. Hang
Published: September 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the tube‐related complications and feeding outcomes of infants discharged home from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with nasogastric (NG) tube feeding or gastrostomy (G‐tube) feeding. Materials and Methods: We performed a chart review of 335 infants discharged from our NICU with home NG tube or G‐tube feeding between January 2009 and December 2013. The primary outcome was the incidence of feeding tube–related complications requiring emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, or deaths. Secondary outcome was feeding status at 6 months postdischarge. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results: There were 322 infants discharged with home enteral tube feeding (NG tube, n = 84; G‐tube, n = 238), with available outpatient data for the 6‐month postdischarge period. A total of 115 ED visits, 28 hospitalizations, and 2 deaths were due to a tube‐related complication. The incidence of tube‐related complications requiring an ED visit was significantly higher in the G‐tube group compared with the NG tube group (33.6% vs 9.5%, P < .001). Two patients died due to a G‐tube–related complication. By 6 months postdischarge, full oral feeding was achieved in 71.4% of infants in the NG tube group compared with 19.3% in the G‐tube group (P < .001). Type of feeding tube and percentage of oral feeding at discharge were significantly associated with continued tube feeding at 6 months postdischarge. Conclusion: Home NG tube feeding is associated with fewer ED visits for tube‐related complications compared with home G‐tube feeding. Some infants could benefit from a trial home NG tube feeding.
A feminine and poststructural extension of cosmopolitan ethics in music education
Authors: Richerme Lauren Kapalka
Published: September 2016

The interconnected nature of 21st-century life demands that music educators and students consider those beyond their immediate communities in their ethical deliberations. While Appiah’s cosmopolitan ethical principles of universal concern and respect for legitimate difference may serve as a starting point for global ethical considerations in music education, they are potentially problematic for three reasons: their abstract nature can lead to the dehumanization of those about whom one claims concern; they can reinforce existing hegemonic divides between “legitimate” and “deviant” music-making; and they can lead to fixed understandings of practices and people. A feminine and poststructural extension of cosmopolitan ethics may assist music educators and students in addressing these issues. First, through a synthesis of the principle of universal concern and Noddings’ feminine ethics, music educators and students can resist dehumanizing others by aiming to “care for” and “care with” them. Second, teachers and students can use Foucault’s writings to consider how power-laden, socio-historical factors produce conceptions of legitimacy. Finally, drawing inspiration from Deleuzian ethical writings, music educators and students can challenge stagnant worldviews by promoting “legitimate differing” and imagining creative, evolving ethical futures.