bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re‐examination of production, cost, and restricted profit functions using quantile regression approach
Authors: Shaik Saleem
Published: June 2013

This article estimates quantile regressions of production, cost, and restricted profit functions using a Cobb‐Douglas functional form with non‐Hicks neutral technology change. In contrast to previous studies, quantile regression estimates reveal the relationship between the independent (production, cost, and restricted profit) and dependent (input quantities and prices) variables at each quantile of the distribution. An empirical application using data from 48 states in United States from 1960 to 2004 indicates the returns to scale and aggregate technology not only differ across production, cost, and restricted profit functions but across states in different quantiles of the distribution. This suggests the traditional measures of returns to scale and aggregate technology are under‐ and overestimated in states at upper and lower quantiles, respectively.
Extent and possible causes of intrayear agricultural commodity price volatility
Authors: Ott Hervé
Published: June 2013

Wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, and cotton experienced higher volatility in the second half of the 2000s. For the sample at hand, the unit root tests only validate a new period of high volatility for wheat and cotton. If in the next couple of years however, corn, rice and soybeans maintain their higher volatility, a new period of high volatility may also be validated statistically. Regarding the factors driving the intrayear volatility GMM estimates show that “commodity market fundamentals” i.e., the stock‐to‐use ratio and to a lesser extent the degree of internationalization, are the most systematically statistically significant coefficients among commodities. Over time, consecutive low stock‐to‐use ratios and a thin international market provoke typically high volatility. Speculative activity and liquidity in the agricultural derivative market have a stabilizing effect on the spot price, if any. Finally, “common macro” factors significantly impact volatility, especially the volatility of petrol and of exchange rates; their dispersion importance over the sample is quite sizeable. However, it is difficult to establish a link between, on the one hand, loose monetary policy, business cycle and inflation, and, on the other hand, commodity price volatility, as the sign of the estimated coefficient changes depending on the commodity and the estimated elasticities are quite low.
TLR7 Expression is Decreased During Tumour Progression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Mice and Its Activation Inhibits Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Han Ju‐Hee , Park Shin‐Young , Kim Jin‐Bum , Cho Sung‐Dae , Kim Bumseok , Kim Bo‐Yeon , Kang Min‐Jung , Kim Dong‐Jae , Park Jae‐Hak , Park Jong‐Hwan
Published: June 2013

Problem

Although various Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with immune response and tumorigenesis in the prostate cells, little is known about the role of TLR7. Accordingly, we examined the expression of TLR7 during tumour progression of TRMAP (transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer) mice and its role on cell growth.

Method of study

Toll‐like receptor7 expression was examined by RT‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth was examined by MTT assay. Colony formation was investigated by crystal violet staining.

Results

Strong expression of TLR7 was detected in the normal prostate epithelia of Wild‐type (WT) mice, but not in TLR7‐deficient mice. In contrast, TLR7 expression was weak in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP)‐C2 cells, as compared with murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA was markedly expressed in RWPE‐1 cells (non‐cancerous prostate epithelial cells), but not in PC3 and DU145 (prostate cancer cells). Immunohistochemically, TLR7 expression gradually decreased in TRAMP mice depending on the pathologic grade of the prostate cells. TLR7 agonists increased both the gene and protein expression of TLR7 and promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and IFN‐β gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, loxoribine inhibited the growth and colony formation of TRAMP‐C2 cells dependent of TLR7.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that TLR7 may participate in tumour suppression in the prostate cells.
Self‐ versus parent‐ratings of industriousness, affect, and life satisfaction in relation to academic outcomes
Authors: Fogarty Gerard J. , Davies Janet E. , MacCann Carolyn , Roberts Richard D.
Published: June 2013

Background

Parents consult with schools on how to help their children succeed, but schools rarely consult with parents, even though most parents have considerable expertise concerning their children's thoughts, feelings, and abilities.

Aims

This study compares the prediction of academic achievement from self‐ and parent‐ratings of feelings towards school (both positive and negative), life satisfaction, and the conscientiousness facet of industriousness for 357 adolescents.

Sample

The student sample consisted of 383 participants (194 boys) mostly aged between 12 and 14. The parent sample consisted of 374 participants, 83% of whom were mothers.

Method

Self‐report and other‐report scales measuring the above‐mentioned constructs were administered to students and parents. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test hypotheses concerning the incremental validity of parent‐ratings.

Results

Self‐ratings explained 28.6% of the variance in grade point average (GPA) with parent‐ratings explaining an additional 12.1%. The incremental effect was strongest for industriousness.

Conclusion

These results suggest that parent‐reports are often more accurate than adolescent self‐reports, but that both methods of assessment make unique contributions to the explanation of variance in school grades. Parental understanding constitutes a relatively untapped reservoir of knowledge available to teachers, school counsellors and administrators, education policy makers, and beyond. It makes sense to ask parents about their children when assessing those individual differences that contribute to better educational outcomes.
Impact of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) on management of patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle
Authors: Mertens Laura S. , Fioole‐Bruining Annemarie , Vegt Erik , Vogel Wouter V. , van Rhijn Bas W. , Horenblas Simon
Published: June 2013

Objective

To evaluate the clinical impact of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning, compared with conventional staging with contrast‐enhanced CT imaging (CECT).

Patients and Methods

The FDG‐PET/CT results of 96 consecutive patients with bladder cancer were analysed. Patients included in this study underwent standard CECT imaging of the chest and abdomen/pelvis <4 weeks before FDG‐PET/CT.

Based on the original imaging reports and recorded tumour stage before and after FDG‐PET/CT imaging, the preferred treatment strategies before FDG‐PET/CT and after FDG‐PET/CT were determined for each patient using an institutional multidisciplinary guideline. One of the following treatment strategies was chosen: (i) local curative treatment; (ii) neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy; or (iii) palliation.

The changes in management decisions before and after FDG‐PET/CT were assessed.

Results

The median (range) interval between CECT and FDG‐PET/CT was 0 (029) days.

In 21.9% of the patients, stage on FDG‐PET/CT and CECT were different. Upstaging by FDG‐PET/CT was more frequent than downstaging (19.8 vs 2.1%).

Clinical management changed for 13.5% of patients as a result of FDG‐PET/CT upstaging. In eight patients, FDG‐PET/CT detected second primary tumours. This led to changes of bladder cancer treatment in another four of 96 patients (4.2%).

All the management changes were validated by tissue confirmation of the additional lesions.

Conclusions

FDG‐PET/CT provides important additional staging information, which influences the treatment of carcinoma invading bladder muscle in almost 20% of cases.

Patient selection for neoadjuvant/induction chemotherapy was improved and futile attempts at curative treatment in patients found to have metastases were avoided.
Innovation and Family Ownership: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: Lodh Suman , Nandy Monomita , Chen Jean
Published: June 2013

Manuscript Type

Empirical

Research Question/Issue

This study examines the direct effect of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets by using data from Indian family‐controlled publicly listed firms as its sample. In particular, we study (1) the direct effects of family ownership on innovation and (2) the influences of business group affiliation on these family firms.

Research Findings/Insights

Using an unbalanced panel of 395 Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) listed Indian firms during the years 2001 and 2008, we found that the impact of family ownership on innovation productivity is positive (after controlling for possible endogeneity). We further emphasized the business group affiliation of family firms and distinguished between the innovation activities of group‐affiliated and stand‐alone family firms. We found that affiliating with top 50 business groups increases the innovation activities of these family firms.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Theoretically, we complement agency theory by incorporating both the institutional perspective and the external resourcing perspective to provide a more robust framework for examining the impact of family ownership on innovation in emerging markets. Methodologically, we adopted a more rigorous econometrics method by providing a panel analysis that used a system GMM estimator and addressed the endogeneity issue thoroughly, which represented a significant improvement over the shortcomings of the methodologies found in the existing literature.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Our findings suggest that the Indian government should provide support for affiliating family firms with business groups while improving policies on information disclosures; it should also establish a proper corporate governance mechanism for private and public family business. The findings further suggest that a corporate governance code should encourage family firms to have an independent professional CEO.
Influence of body adiposity on structural characteristics of skeletal muscle in men and women
Authors: Lafortuna Claudio L. , Tresoldi Daniele , Rizzo Giovanna
Published: June 2013

The structure of skeletal muscle (SM) can be characterized by quantitative (size) and qualitative (composition) attributes, which are disparately reported to be influenced by body adiposity. This study tests the hypothesis that body adiposity exerts a systematic influence on these muscle characteristics and evaluates the possible functional implications for movements. Lower limb SM volume (VSM) and attenuation (ATTSM), an inverse measure of lipid infiltration in muscle, were determined with computed tomography in 21 men (BMI = 21–36 kg m−2; age = 31–71 years.) and 18 women (BMI = 19–35 kg m−2; age = 32–76 years.). After adjusting for age, a multivariate regression analysis revealed that body adiposity positively correlated (P<0·05–0·001) with absolute VSM and cross‐sectional area (CSA) in both genders, while VSM per unit body mass (VSM/BM) decreased with adiposity (P<0·001) in women and was constant in men. ATTSM was higher in men (P<0·05) and decreased (P<0·05) with adiposity in both genders. The product of ATTSM by average muscle CSA (predictor of maximal strength) and by VSM/BM (predictor of maximal dynamic performance) was lower in women (P<0·001) and was reduced by age in both genders (P<0·05–0·01), while obesity had a negative effect (P<0·001) only on the predictor of performance. In conclusion, body adiposity significantly increases SM size and reduces ATTSM. Structural indicators accounting for both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of SM may be useful predictors of the effects of obesity on motor function at different ages. With rising body adiposity and advancing age, women appear mostly affected by the decline of SM features relevant for motor performance.
Females Paired with More Attractive Males Show Reduced Oxidative Damage: Possible Direct Benefits of Mate Choice in Pied Flycatchers
Authors: Moreno Juan , Velando Alberto , González‐Braojos Sonia , Ruiz‐de‐Castañeda Rafael , Cantarero Alejandro
Published: June 2013

Direct benefits of female mate choice may concern female fertility and fecundity but also physiological status. In birds with biparental care, males may contribute to improve the condition and health of their pair‐mates through help in constructing nests, incubation or incubation feeding and nestling provisioning. They may also reduce harassment of females by non‐pair males. A consequence of these male activities could be expressed in terms of oxidative damage, which may depend on metabolic effort and social stress. Here, we have related male contribution to parental and territorial duties to female oxidative status in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, a species where preferred males present darker dorsal plumage and, in Iberian populations, a large white forehead patch. Darker males were paired with females with high incubation attendance and reduced nestling provisioning rates, which may lead to reduced female exertion. These males owned nest boxes at which there were fewer visits by non‐pair males. Although females paired with dark mates worked less hard, they were able to raise more fledglings. Female oxidative damage measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) level in plasma declined with increasing incubation attendance and male incubation feeding. Moreover, levels of MDA in females declined with both darkness of male dorsal plumage and male forehead patch size when controlling for female forehead patch size and male age. The effect of male plumage darkness was especially strong. Females paired with middle‐aged males (2–3 yr) showed reduced levels of MDA compared with those paired with 1‐yr‐old and more than 3‐yr‐old males. Male age could not explain the effects of male attractiveness. Females paired with attractive males were more successful in reproduction while suffering reduced oxidative damage, possibly mediated by help during incubation and nestling rearing from their pair‐mates. Although correlative, the evidence suggests direct benefits of females paired with more attractive males.
Dentin and dental pulp regeneration by the patient's endogenous cells
Authors: Kim Sahng G. , Zheng Ying , Zhou Jian , Chen Mo , Embree Mildred C. , Song Karen , Jiang Nan , Mao Jeremy J.
Published: June 2013

The goal of regenerative endodontics is to restore the functions of the dental pulp–dentin complex. Two approaches are being applied toward dental pulp–dentin regeneration: cell transplantation and cell homing. The majority of previous approaches are based on cell transplantation by delivering ex vivo cultivated cells toward dental pulp or dentin regeneration. Many hurdles limit the clinical translation of cell transplantation such as the difficulty of acquiring and isolating viable cells, uncertainty of what cells or what fractions of cells to use, excessive cost of cell manipulation and transportation, and the risk of immune rejection, pathogen transmission, and tumorigenesis is associated with ex vivo cell manipulation. In contrast, cell homing relies on induced chemotaxis of endogenous cells and therefore circumvents many of the difficulties that are associated with cell transplantation. An array of proteins, peptides, and chemical compounds that are yet to be identified may orchestrate endogenous cells to regenerate the dental pulp–dentin complex. Both cell transplantation and cell homing are scientifically valid approaches; however, cell homing offers a number of advantages that are compatible with the development of clinical therapies for dental pulp–dentin regeneration.
The birth of innate immunity
Authors: Gallo Richard L.
Published: June 2013

Modern immunology has seen an apparent revolution with the recognition that human immune defense is not only the responsibility of bone marrow‐derived leucocytes, but also dependent on a coordinated network of many cell types including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and neural elements. This classic paper by Alexander Fleming and V.D. Allison (British J of Exp Path, 111, 1922, 252) was largely forgotten for 75 years and describes the discovery that epithelia produce a protein with direct antimicrobial activity. Thus, this paper represents the birth of the field now referred to as innate immunity and first describes an antimicrobial protein (AMP).
Oral administration of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid prevents the development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Lee Sung Won , Park Hyun Jung , Park Se‐Ho , Hong Seokmann
Published: June 2013

Bacillus subtilis‐derived poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γPGA) has demonstrated adjuvant activity in promoting Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. Here, the NC/Nga (NC) mouse model was used to determine whether γPGA modulates the outcome of atopic dermatitis (AD), which is known to be a Th2‐biased immune disease. We found that oral administration of γPGA dramatically reduced the development of AD in NC mice. Antigen‐presenting cells activated with γPGA produced pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL12/23 and IFNγ, which, in turn, induced the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Concomitantly, Th2 responses, such as high levels of serum IgE, were dramatically decreased. Furthermore, in vivo γPGA treatment altered several cellular components of allergic reactions, such as mast cells and eosinophils. Taken together, our results strongly demonstrate that in vivo treatment with γPGA at early time points can prevent the development of AD in NC mice and suggest that γPGA may have therapeutic applications for human AD.
Thermodynamic characterization of five key kinetic parameters that define neuronal nitric oxide synthase catalysis
Authors: Haque Mohammad Mahfuzul , Tejero Jesús , Bayachou Mekki , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Fadlalla Mohammed , Stuehr Dennis J.
Published: June 2013

NO synthase (NOS) enzymes convert l‐arginine to NO in two sequential reactions whose rates (kcat1 and kcat2) are both limited by the rate of ferric heme reduction (kr). An enzyme ferric heme–NO complex forms as an immediate product complex and then undergoes either dissociation (at a rate that we denote as kd) to release NO in a productive manner, or reduction (kr) to form a ferrous heme–NO complex that must react with O2 (at a rate that we denote as kox) in a NO dioxygenase reaction that regenerates the ferric enzyme. The interplay of these five kinetic parameters (kcat1, kcat2, kr, kd and kox) determines NOS specific activity, O2 concentration response, and pulsatile versus steady‐state NO generation. In the present study, we utilized stopped‐flow spectroscopy and single catalytic turnover methods to characterize the individual temperature dependencies of the five kinetic parameters of rat neuronal NOS. We then incorporated the measured kinetic values into computer simulations of the neuronal NOS reaction using a global kinetic model to comprehensively model its temperature‐dependent catalytic behaviours. The results obtained provide new mechanistic insights and also reveal that the different temperature dependencies of the five kinetic parameters significantly alter neuronal NOS catalytic behaviours and NO release efficiency as a function of temperature.
Prevalence of headache and orofacial pain in adults and elders in a Brazilian community: an epidemiological study
Authors: de Siqueira Silvia Regina D. T. , Vilela Talissa Tavares , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: June 2013

Background and objective

Headache and orofacial pain are often persistent and not easy to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of headache and orofacial pain in Brazilian adults and elders in a district of São Paulo (Brazil).

Methods

Study design: population‐based cross‐sectional; Adults (18–59 years old) and elderly people (above 60 years old) were evaluated according to their socio‐demographic characteristics, prevalence and location of pain and associated factors. The subjects were interviewed about their orofacial complaints, which were investigated with a validated questionnaire.

Results

Five hundred and five adults and 385 elders agreed in participating of this study. More than half of the population had pain (45.3% of adults and 56.6% of elderly); 10.6% of subjects had bruxism and 10.2% had toothache; 48.6% of the adults with pain and 58.7% of the elders with pain had impairment in daily activities due to the pain. The prevalence of head and facial pain was 55.5%. Headache was more prevalent in the adult group compared with the elderly group. Bruxism was associated with headache (p = 0.029), toothache (p < 0.001), facial pain (p < 0.001) and fatigue at the face (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

This study showed a high prevalence of head and orofacial pain, and their potential aetiologies need further investigation. The pain complaints were associated with comorbidities and the use of medication. Facial painful diseases impact the quality of life of adults and should be diagnosed and treated.
Development of successive karstic systems within the Baix Penedès Fault zone (onshore of the Valencia Trough, NW Mediterranean)
Authors: Baqués V. , Travé A. , Cantarero I.
Published: June 2013

The Baix Penedès Fault zone records successive karstic systems. The outcrops studied correspond to different segments of the fault, which were temporarily connected and disconnected, allowing for different diagenetic processes to occur. The first karstic system affected the Mesozoic rocks due to subaerial exposure after Paleogene compression, an event characterized by widespread dissolution and the generation of vug and cavern porosity. The δ18O values of the dolomitic sediment filling the initial vuggy porosity are similar to those of the host dolomite, indicating that the sediment comes from the erosion and reworking of the host rock. The second karstic system is related to the upward propagation of the Baix Penedès Fault. This deformation was characterized by random‐fracture fabrics with dolomite cement and sediment. The stable isotopes values and Sr/Ca ratios of both the dolomite cement and sediments are similar to those of the host rock. In contrast, the more depleted δ13C values indicate the influence of soil‐derived CO2 and the opening of the system to meteoric waters. During the third karstic event, the δ18O, δ13C, Sr/Ca ratios, and 87Sr/86Sr values of diagenetic cements suggest a marine signature, indicating that the karstic sediments were dolomitized under the influence of late Burdigalian‐Langhian marine waters. These marine waters were probably expelled from poorly buried sediments and circulated through faults producing dolomitization of the karstic sediments. A final karst system developed during a period of uplift and subaerial exposure. The δ18O values, the Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios, and the high radiogenic values of the calcite cements formed during this period indicate precipitation from meteoric waters. The results of this study have implications for carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir analogs subject to karstic influence in the Valencia Trough and elsewhere.
Involvement of miRNA‐29a in epigenetic regulation of transforming growth factor‐β‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kogure Takayuki , Kondo Yasuteru , Kakazu Eiji , Ninomiya Masashi , Kimura Osamu , Shimosegawa Tooru
Published: June 2013

Aim

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process during cancer invasion and metastasis, which is accompanied by the suppressed expression of E‐cadherin initiated by stimuli such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. Recent studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation of E‐cadherin could be an alternate mechanism of EMT induction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miRNA‐29a (miR‐29a) is involved in the epigenetic regulation of genes by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which methylate CpG islands to suppress the transcription of genes. We studied the involvement of miR‐29a in TGF‐β‐induced EMT in HCC cells.

Methods

We treated human HCC cell lines with TGF‐β to induce EMT. To investigate DNA methylation in EMT, cells were treated with a methylation inhibitor, 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza) and methylation status of CpG islands in the E‐cadherin promoter was examined using methylation‐specific PCR. Precursor miR‐29a (pre‐miR‐29a) was electroporated to force the expression of miR‐29a in HCC cells in order to study the role of miR‐29a in EMT.

Results

TGF‐β transformed HCC cells into a spindle‐shaped morphology accompanied by a decrease of E‐cadherin with the induction of methylation of its promoter. Pretreatment of the cells with 5‐Aza blocked this suppression of E‐cadherin, indicating the involvement of DNA methylation. TGF‐β increased DNMT3B and DNMT1 and decreased miR‐29a expression. The forced expression of miR‐29a abrogated the suppression of E‐cadherin induced by TGF‐β.

Conclusion

miR‐29a could regulate TGF‐β‐induced EMT by affecting DNA methylation via the suppression of DNMT. These observations reveal the epigenetic regulation of genes by miRNA as a unique mechanism of EMT in HCC.
Randomized heuristics for the family traveling salesperson problem
Authors: Morán‐Mirabal L.F. , González‐Velarde J.L. , Resende M.G.C.
Published: June 2013

This paper introduces the family traveling salesperson problem (FTSP), a variant of the generalized traveling salesman problem. In the FTSP, a subset of nodes must be visited for each node cluster in the graph. The objective is to minimize the distance traveled. We describe an integer programming formulation for the FTSP and show that the commercial grade integer programming solver CPLEX 11 can only solve small instances of the problem in reasonable running time. We propose two randomized heuristics for finding optimal and near‐optimal solutions of this problem. These heuristics are a biased random‐key genetic algorithm and a GRASP with evolutionary path‐relinking. Computational results comparing both heuristics are presented in this study.
Status of the stomach bot fly Gasterophilus lativentris (Brauer) 1858 (Diptera: Gasterophilidae)
Authors: COGLEY THOMAS P.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The sole specimen and holotype of Gasterophilus lativentris (Brauer) 1858 was examined. Disagreement within the original description concerning G.lativentris wing venation is remedied. The specimen was determined to be a colour variation of G.pecorum (Fabricius) 1794. The name G.lativentris should be regarded as a junior synonym of G.pecorum.
A revision of the scale insect genera Etiennea and Platysaissetia (Homoptera: Coccidae) with particular reference to Africa
Authors: HODGSON CHRIS J.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. From a study of P.castilloae (Cockerell), the type species of Platysaissetia Cockerell, it is considered that none of the other species presently placed in Platysaissetia are congeneric. All known species from Africa (and one from British Guiana) are redescribed and are here transferred to the genus Etiennea Matile‐Ferrero; one species is synonymized and twelve species are described as new. Lectotypes have been designated for Etiennea kellyi (Brain) and E.montrichardiae (Newstead). Although not considered to be congeneric with P.castilloae, P.tsaratananae Mamet and P.crustuliforme (Green) are left in Platysaissetia.
Ants of the genus Myrmecia Fabricius: A review of the species groups and their phylogenetic relationships (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)
Authors: OGATA KAZUO
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Myrmecia Fabricius is revised at species‐group level. Nine groups are recognized: those of M.aberrans, M.cephalotes, M.gulosa, M.mandibularis, M.nigrocincta, M.picta, M.pilosula, M.tepperi and M. urens. A key to the species groups is provided, and worker diagnoses, illustrations and species lists are given for each. Eight groups are constituted much as in the previous classification of John Clark, but defined using new characters. Phylogenetic relationships are investigated, with six cladograms derived from four sets of data, each with a different outgroup. The most plausible cladograms suggest that: (1) the aberrans group is the sister group to the others; (2) the pilosula, tepperi and mandibularis groups constitute a monophyletic assemblage, though monophyly of the first two is not confirmed; (3) the gulosa, nigrocincta, urens and picta groups constitute a monophyletic assemblage, though monophyly of the picta group is not confirmed; (4) the phylogenetic position of the cephalotes group is unclear.
Treatment for Pitted Acne Scarring‐Postauricular Punch Grafts followed by Dermabrasion
Authors: SOLOTOFF STEPHEN A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A technique is described for treating pitted acne scarring which is not amenable to other forms of therapy. Punch grafts from postauricular skin are used to replace punch‐excised facial scars. Dermabrasion of treated areas is accomplished 4 to 6 weeks after grafting. Very good results have been attained in three patients, each of whom needed more than 100 transplants.
Calcifying Neurothekeoma
Authors: GOETTE DETLEF K.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A 10‐mm, asymptomatic, slowly growing, dermal nodule was present on the ankle of a 62‐year‐old man for 6 months. Histologically, the nodule was shown to be a neurothekeoma, a recently described benign cutaneous tumor of nerve sheath origin distinct from neurofibroma or neurilemmoma. This case merits attention because extensive dystrophic turmoral calcification in the lobules prompted an initial misdiagnosis of foreign body granuloma. Calcification in neurothekeoma has not previously been described.
Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated by Mohs Surgery in a Patient with Sarcoidosis
Authors: GOLDBERG DAVID J. , ROBINS PERRY
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease in which nail involvement is a rare finding. We present an unusual patient with sarcoidosis and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of multiple nails. Such SCC was treated by Mohs microscopically controlled surgery.
Flaps: The Hinged Digit Flap with Dual W‐Plasties
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A U‐shaped flap, hinged proximally and incised distally, adapts well on digits. When incising over joint skin, dual‐running W‐plasties are mandatory to prevent cicatricial bridging and functional compromise. In a series of 18 cases, no untoward difficulties have been noted.
Piloleiomyoma Arising in an Organoid Nevus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: BURDEN PATRICIA A. , GENTRY RICHARD H. , FITZPATRICK JAMES E.
Published: June 2013

The case of a 59‐year‐old woman with a history of an organoid nevus of the scalp is reported. Histologic examination revealed multiple secondary tumors including a tumor of the follicular infundibulum, an apocrine nevus, a syringocystadenoma papilliferum, an apocrine adenoma, and a piloleiomyoma occurring in the absence of sebaceous glands. The types of secondary tumors which may develop within organoid nevi are reviewed. The terminology and pathogenesis of this hamartoma are discussed.
Visualized Basting Sutures in the Application of Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts
Authors: ADNOT JOHN , SALASCHE STUART J.
Published: June 2013

This paper describes a simple technique for inserting basting sutures to secure full‐thickness skin grafts. By applying the suture under visualized conditions before fully securing the perimeter of the graft, exact placement and knot security of the basting suture can be enhanced, and injury to underlying structures can be avoided. Furthermore, by securing the center of the graft early in the repair, alignment on and conformation to the underlying wound bed is improved.
Surgical Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review Including a Case Report of Dermabrasion of Hypertrophic Psoriatic Plaques
Authors: GOLD MICHAEL H. , ROENIGK HENRY H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Psoriasis is a chronic papulosquamous disease. Koebner and reverse Koebner reactions have been described. Surgical treatments which produce a reverse Koebner reaction in psoriasis are reviewed and a case of dermabrasion of resistant, hypertrophic plaques is presented. These procedures are to be considered only when conventional therapy fails.
Liposuction Under Local Anesthesia: A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Patients
Authors: MANTSE LEFTER
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Liposuction was used for the purpose of body contouring in 100 patients. Among these patients, three had lipoma, and one had gynaecomastia. The 100 consecutive patients had liposuction surgery performed on an outpatient basis, using local anesthesia. Ninety‐one patients were women, and 9 were men. Seventy‐one had bilateral procedures and 29 had liposuctions in one region of the body. The most common areas treated were lateral thighs, followed by the neck for treatment of “double chin.” The youngest patient was 19 years of age and the oldest 73. There were no significant complications. The most common postoperative complaints were pain, ecchymosis, edema, and temporary hyperethesia. Four patients required “touch‐up” procedures.
Lymphangioma Circumscriptum: Review and Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Laser Vaporization
Authors: ELIEZRI YEHUDA D. , SKLAR JEFFREY A.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Three cases of the classical form of lymphangioma circumscriptum are described to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations of these lesions. The anatomy and physiology of cutaneous lymphangiomas are reviewed and their classification is clarified as a guide to their management.

Treatment was sought by these patients in order to alleviate complaints of copious transudate of lymphatic fluid and chronic relapsing cellulitis. All three were treated with carbon dioxide laser vaporization with good to excellent cosmetic results and complete resolution of their symptoms.

Carbon dioxide laser vaporization may be a useful alternative to frequently unsuccessful traditional surgical forms of therapy for selective cases of classical lymphangioma circumscriptum.
The Glabellar Transposition “Banner” Flap
Authors: FIELD LAWRENCE M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The frontoglabellar skin has long served in reconstruction of certain nasal and canthal defects. The glabellar transposition “banner” flap is relatively simple and efficient. It can be designed either on a curved glabellar line or as a vertical midline closure, depending upon requirements and aesthetic variables.
Circumcision: A Review and a New Technique
Authors: HARAHAP MARWALI , SIREGAR ARIFIN S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Numerous techniques for circumcision have been described in the literature. They range from the dorsal slit incision, the squeeze technique using the Gomco clamp or Plastibell, the sleeve resection technique, and the guillotine technique. An alternative technique, which has not been previously described, is presented.
Erythema Migrans—A Psoriasiform Lesion of the Oral Mucosa
Authors: ZUNT SUSAN L. , TOMICH CHARLES E.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Psoriasiform lesions are unusual occurrences on oral mucosa. Nineteen cases of erythema migrans are presented with a discussion of the literature. Fifty‐eight percent of these cases presented with tenderness, pain, or roughness. One case was associated with geographic tongue and two cases with cutaneous psoriasis.
Basal Cell Carcinoma and Infundibuloma Arising in Separate Sebaceous Nevi During Childhood
Authors: PIANSAY‐SORIANO EMILY F. , PINEDA VINSON B. , JIMENEZ RAFAEL I. , MUNGCAL VICTORIO C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Sebaceous nevi usually occur as solitary hamartomas, located either on the scalp or on the face. Their clinical importance in dermatology stems from their propensity to develop secondary tumors, particularly basal cell carcinoma. In general, malignant transformation does not occur until postpubertal life. We report a case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a basal cell carcinoma arising from a sebaceous nevus on the scalp, and an infundibuloma arising from a separate sebaceous nevus on the right side of the face.
SURGICAL GEM: A Simple Method of Tissue Embedding for Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: HONDA NATHAN S. , FRIEDMAN DAVID H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. A simple and reliable method for tissue embedding for Mohs micrographic surgery is described. This technique reduces the number of frozen sections necessary to evaluate a complete margin and can easily be adapted to the office setting without the need of special equipment.
Vermilionectomy Using the W‐Plasty Technique
Authors: VOZMEDIANO J.M. FERNANDEZ , CABRERA M.A. ROMERO , CERQUERO A. CARRASCOSA
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We describe a variation of the conventional vermilionectomy consisting of incisions using the W‐plasty technique, which allows a more distensible scar with better cosmetic and functional results. Its primary indications are actinic cheilitis and leukoplakia of the lower lip. It is a more complicated technique than the classic one, and requires a larger loss of skin, but the benefits largely outweigh the drawbacks.
Why the left needs to take wealth seriously, again
Authors: Hills John , Glennerster Howard
Published: June 2013

With wealth inequalities high and recognised to be crucial to life chances, John Hills and Howard Glennerster survey the recent history of the wealth tax debate and argue that politicians need to take a brave step down the difficult path to reform.
Combining Soft Chemistry and Spark Plasma Sintering to Produce Highly Dense and Finely Grained Soft Ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) Ceramics
Authors: Gaudisson Thomas , Acevedo Ulises , Nowak Sophie , Yaacoub Nader , Greneche Jean‐Marc , Ammar Souad , Valenzuela Raul
Published: June 2013

We report the synthesis of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) combining soft chemistry route, namely the polyol process, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The polyol process produced an intermediary amorphous phase containing both iron and yttrium cations in the desired ratio. They were annealed at 400°C in air to decompose the organic content of the reaction (polyol and acetate). To achieve the garnet phase, the polyol‐obtained precursor was subjected to reactive SPS treatment at a temperature of 750°C, far below the typical temperatures (1350°C) used in the classic solid‐state reaction process. In 15 min pure and high‐density Y3Fe5O12 ceramic, with about 100 nm sized crystalline grains, was obtained. We report as well the characterization of the initial amorphous phase and the obtained YIG by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry, and magnetization measurements.
Contrasting evolutionary hypotheses between two mediterranean‐climate floristic hotspots: the Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Valente Luis M. , Vargas Pablo
Published: June 2013

Aim

The Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin, two of the world's five mediterranean‐climate biodiversity hotspots, are exceptionally species‐rich and constitute a well‐described example of ecological convergence. However, the area‐adjusted plant species diversity of the Cape is on average more than double that of the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we investigate the causes of this diversity asymmetry by drawing on phylogenetic information from a variety of plant groups and focusing on three competing hypotheses: diversity disparities arising from differential clade ages, diversification rates or diversity limits.

Location

Cape of southern Africa and the Mediterranean Basin.

Methods

We reviewed a variety of studies in order to contrast the geography, geomorphic history, biogeographical connectivity and ecological context in the two hotspots. We also tested the relationship between clade age and species richness in both regions based on phylogenetic information from 39 clades.

Results

Clades are on average older in the Cape than in the Mediterranean Basin. Clade age is a strong predictor of species diversity in the Cape, suggesting that diversity‐dependent regulatory mechanisms may be weak. In contrast, we failed to find a relationship between age and diversity in the Mediterranean Basin, indicating that a diversity limit may have been achieved in multiple clades.

Main conclusions

The Cape has a higher species density than the Mediterranean Basin owing to a combination of older clade ages, high rates of diversification in certain lineages and an exceptionally high upper limit to diversity. High richness in the Cape is linked to long‐term lineage persistence in a heterogeneous but stable evolutionary context. In contrast, the climatically unstable Mediterranean Basin has offered fewer opportunities for diversity accumulation in the long term (owing to high extinction rates), but appears to be a hotspot of recent rapid speciation.
Cutaneous manifestations of systemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL): study and review of literature
Authors: Carlesimo M. , Narcisi A. , Rossi A. , Saredi I. , Orsini D. , Pelliccia S. , Aloe Spiriti M.A. , Mari E. , Cox M.C.
Published: June 2013

Systemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are often accompanied by cutaneous manifestations, which are not always looked out for. Nevertheless, these alterations can be very important because their presence is lied to the clinical behaviour of the underlying malignancy, with an early recognition being fundamental. The aim of this study was to make order in this topic and propose a preliminary classification of the cutaneous manifestations associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. We performed a retrospective chart review of 62 haematological patients affected by non‐Hodgkin systemic lymphomas with dermatological manifestations, who were evaluated from January 2007 to December 2011, and combined these results with a systematic review of Pub medical literature from 1937 to 2011 on this topic. A preliminary classification of these manifestations has been proposed, dividing them in specific and non‐specific ones, along with a description of the clinical features and those cases observed in our department. A preliminary approach has been proposed for the study of these manifestations that could be helpful in understanding the biological behaviour and aid early recognition of a flare up in systemic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas.
Speaking French in Portugal: An analysis of contested models of emigrant personhood in narratives about return migration and language use
Authors: Koven Michele
Published: June 2013

I address how the offspring of Portuguese emigrants in France, Luso‐descendants (LDs), interpret their language practices and identities relative to models of language and personhood from their ‘sending’ society. Specifically, I examine howLDs tell each other narratives about having been identified as an emigrant in Portugal, based on French‐influenced speech. In telling each other these stories,LDs position themselves relative to two models of language and personhood. The first diasporic model interpretsLDs' French as willful abandonment of an essential Portuguese identity. The second transnational model interpretsLDs' French as the legitimate result of extended residence abroad. I examine how participants explicitly and/or implicitly invoke both models, through the relationship between narrating and narrated participants' language use. I conclude by asking aboutLDs' awareness of their simultaneous adherence to multiple models of language and identity.
Exploitation of natural genetic diversity to study plant–virus interactions: what can we learn fromArabidopsis thaliana?
Authors: Ouibrahim Laurence , Caranta Carole
Published: June 2013

The development and use of cultivars that are genetically resistant to viruses is an efficient strategy to tackle the problems of virus diseases. Over the past two decades, the model plantArabidopsis thalianahas been documented as a host for a broad range of viral species, providing access to a large panel of resources and tools for the study of viral infection processes and resistance mechanisms. Exploration of its natural genetic diversity has revealed a wide range of genes conferring virus resistance. The molecular characterization of some of these genes has unveiled resistance mechanisms distinct from those described in crops. In these respects,Arabidopsisrepresents a rich and largely untapped source of new genes and mechanisms involved in virus resistance. Here, we review the current status of our knowledge concerning natural virus resistance inArabidopsis.We also address the impact of environmental conditions onArabidopsis–virus interactions and resistance mechanisms, and discuss the potential of applying the knowledge gained from the study ofArabidopsisnatural diversity for crop improvement.
Mortality and community changes drive sudden oak death impacts on litterfall and soil nitrogen cycling
Authors: Cobb Richard C. , Eviner Valerie T. , Rizzo David M.
Published: June 2013

Few studies have quantified pathogen impacts to ecosystem processes, despite the fact that pathogens cause or contribute to regional‐scale tree mortality.

We measured litterfall mass, litterfall chemistry, and soil nitrogen (N) cycling associated with multiple hosts along a gradient of mortality caused by Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death.

In redwood forests, the epidemiological and ecological characteristics of the major overstory species determine disease patterns and the magnitude and nature of ecosystem change. Bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) has high litterfall N (0.992%), greater soil extractable NO3–N, and transmits infection without suffering mortality. Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) has moderate litterfall N (0.723%) and transmits infection while suffering extensive mortality that leads to higher extractable soil NO3–N. Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) has relatively low litterfall N (0.519%), does not suffer mortality or transmit the pathogen, but dominates forest biomass.

The strongest impact of pathogen‐caused mortality was the potential shift in species composition, which will alter litterfall chemistry, patterns and dynamics of litterfall mass, and increase soil NO3–N availability. Patterns of P. ramorum spread and consequent mortality are closely associated with bay laurel abundances, suggesting this species will drive both disease emergence and subsequent ecosystem function.
Detection of a transient mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in the progeny of crossed genetically divergent isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: de la Providencia Ivan Enrique , Nadimi Maryam , Beaudet Denis , Rodriguez Morales Gabriela , Hijri Mohamed
Published: June 2013

Nonself fusion and nuclear genetic exchange have been documented in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), particularly in Rhizophagus irregularis. However, mitochondrial transmission accompanying nonself fusion of genetically divergent isolates remains unknown.

Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy occurs in the progeny of spores, obtained by crossing genetically divergent mtDNAs in R. irregularis isolates.

Three isolates of geographically distant locations were used to investigate nonself fusions and mtDNA transmission to the progeny. We sequenced two additional mtDNAs of two R. irregularis isolates and developed isolate‐specific size‐variable markers in intergenic regions of these isolates and those of DAOM‐197198. We achieved three crossing combinations in pre‐symbiotic and symbiotic phases. Progeny spores per crossing combination were genotyped using isolate‐specific markers.

We found evidence that nonself recognition occurs between isolates originating from different continents both in pre‐symbiotic and symbiotic phases. Genotyping patterns of individual spores from the progeny clearly showed the presence of markers of the two parental mtDNA haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that mtDNA heteroplasmy occurs in the progeny of the crossed isolates. However, this heteroplasmy appears to be a transient stage because all the live progeny spores that were able to germinate showed only one mtDNA haplotype.