bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Analysis of the Shock Instability in Core-collapse Supernovae: Influences of Acoustic Power and Fluctuations of Neutrino Luminosity
Authors: Sugiura Ken’ichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Yamada Shoichi
Published: March 2019

This paper is a sequel to Takahashi et al., in which the authors investigated the influences of fluctuations in preshock accreting matter on the linear stability of the standing accretion shock in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). If one understands that this was concerning the effect of the outer boundary condition for the postshock accretion flows, the present paper should be regarded as an investigation of the possible influences of the inner boundary conditions. More specifically, we impose a time-dependent, oscillating condition at the inner boundary, having in mind the injection of acoustic power by an oscillating proto-neutron star. We also consider possible correlations between the inner and outer boundary conditions as invoked in the argument for Lepton-number Emission Self-sustained Asymmetry (LESA). In this paper, we conduct the linear stability analysis of the standing accretion shock commonly encountered in CCSNe on the basis of Laplace transform. We find that the acoustic power enhances the standing accretion shock instability (SASI), especially when the luminosity is low. On the other hand, the correlation between the fluctuations of neutrino luminosity at the neutrino sphere has little influence on the instability, changing the amplitudes of eigenmodes only slightly. We further investigate steady solution of perturbation equations, being motivated by LESA, and conclude that not the difference but the sum of the fluxes of ν

e
and

is the key ingredient to production of the self-sustained steady perturbed configuration.
Determination of 18-month fuel cycle parameters for the purpose of fuel costs minimization at the basis of use constructions of fuel assemblies in VVER-1200 reactors
Authors: Hashlamoun Taha M. , Vygovsky Sergey B. , Leskin Sergey T. , Duman A. Safa
Published: March 2019

This article presents the results of research, that were focused on determining the optimal parameters of the extension of (reactor life-time) reactor fuel cycle in order to reduce the total operating costs of nuclear power plants during the transition from 12-month reactor fuel cycle to 18-month fuel cycle.

The relevance of the research is related to the fact that, in recent years, there is a transition at all operating nuclear power plants VVER-1000 (1200) from 12-month reactor fuel cycle to extended 18-month fuel cycle. At the same time, represent the interests to solve the problem of conservation the extension of reactor life-time while reducing the number of loaded fuel assemblies with fresh fuel assemblies, which would reduce the total operating, and fuel costs. Search for solutions of this problem is associated with mandatory implementation of all requirements for the safe operation of the reactor and the reduction of the maximum fast neutron fluence on the reactor vessel in comparison with its value at the operating nuclear power plants.

In the present work, with using the program PROSTOR software complex researched the neutron-physical characteristics of the core at the nominal parameters of the VVER-1200 reactor through the implementation of various fuel cycle strategies. The article developed various schemes of fuel-reloading for an 18-month fuel cycle with a different number of fuel assemblies. The article carries out a comparative analysis of the main parameters in the core for fuel-reloading schemes options of an 18- and 12-month fuel cycle with each other. Determine the minimum amount of fuel assemblies and provide the necessary duration of the reactor life-time for 18-month fuel cycle with using the extension of reactor life-time by reducing the power at the end of the reactor cycle to 70% of the nominal power. In the article, the arrangements of fuel assemblies were developed to provide limitations of local power by volume of the core, which reduce the fluence of fast neutrons on the reactor vessel in comparison with the projected value of the fluence. This article shows that the 18-month fuel cycle for the VVER-1200 reactor is more economical than the 12-month fuel cycle. These studies were carried out for the VVER-1200 reactor at the power of 100% of the nominal.
Vertical steam generators for VVER NPPs
Authors: Egorov Mikhail Yu.
Published: March 2019

Steam generators for NPPs are the important large-sized metal consuming equipment of nuclear power installations. Efficiency of steam generator operation determines the overall service life of the whole nuclear facility.

The main aim of the current study is to analyze advantages and shortcomings of horizontal and vertical types of steam generator design. This analysis is aimed at the development of recommendations for designing advanced steam generators for future Russian units of NPPs with VVER reactors of increased power.

Design solutions and fifty-year experience of operation of 400 steam generators of horizontal type accepted in Russia and of vertical type applied by Westinghouse, Combustion Engineering, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Doosan were analyzed within the framework of the present study. Advantages and drawbacks of both types of equipment determining the development of conditions of the operating processes were also identified and systematized.

Currently NPPs equipped with VVER are characterized with extended surface area of containment shells due to the application of four-loop design configuration and horizontal-type steam generators. It was established that steam generator equipment of horizontal type is characterized by such inherent disadvantages of design, technological and operational nature as the following: 1) small height and volume of the vapor space above the evaporation surface reducing separation capabilities and the capacity of the equipment as a whole; 2) impossibility of organizing separate single-phase pre-boiling section. Because of the above, horizontal steam generators with dimensions permissible for railroad transportation and, for VVER-1200 with reactor vessel diameter equal to 5 m, by water transport as well, have exhausted the possibilities for further significant increase of the per unit electric power.

The demonstrated advantages of vertical-type steam generators were as follows: 1) absence of stagnant zones within the second cooling circuit, and, consequently, of hold-ups in them; 2) uniformity of heat absorption efficiency of the heating surface ensuring, as well, improved conditions for moisture separation; 3) high degree of moisture removal from steam-water mixture due to the combination of moisture separating elements of chevron and swirl-vane types; 4) increased temperature drop with parameters of generated steam elevated by 0.3 – 0.4 MPa.

Conclusion was made on the advisability of introduction of steam generators with vertical-type layout in the Russian nuclear power generation. Practical tasks that need to be addressed in order to ensure introduction of vertical steam generators at NPPs with high-power VVER reactors were formulated.
Infological models of the ENDF-format nuclear data
Authors: Yuferov Anatoliy G.
Published: March 2019

Issues involved in the infologic modeling of the ENDF-format nuclear data libraries for the purpose of converting ENDF files into a relational database have been considered. The transfer to a relational format will make it possible to use standard readily available tools for nuclear data processing which simplify the conversion and operation of this data array. Infological models have been described using formulas of the “Entity (List of Attributes)” type. The proposed infological formulas are based on the physical nature of data and theoretical relations. This eliminates the need for a special notation to be introduced to describe the structure and the content of data, which, in turn, facilitates the use of relational formats in codes and solution of nuclear data evaluation problems. The concept of nuclear informatics has been formulated based on relational DBMS technologies as one of the tools for solving the “big data” problem in modern science and technology. The organizational and technological grounds for the transfer of ENDF libraries to a relational format are presented. Requirements to the nuclear data presentation formats supported by relational DBMS are listed. Peculiarities of the infological model construction, conditioned by the hierarchical nature of nuclear data, are identified. The sequence for the ENDF metadata saving is presented, which can be useful for the verification and validation (testing of the structural and syntactical validity and operability) of both source data and the procedures for the conversion to a relational format. Formulas of infological models are presented for the cross sections file, the secondary neutron energy distributions file, and the nuclear reaction product energy-angle distributions file. A complete array of infological models for ENDF libraries and the generation modules of respective relational tables are available on a public website.
Study of hydrogen generation and radionuclide release during wet damaged oxide spent fuel storage
Authors: Gayazov Artem Z. , Komarov Sergey V. , Leshchenko Anton Yu. , Revenko Ksenia E. , Smirnov Valery P. , Zvir Elena A. , Ilyin Pavel A. , Teplov Vladimir G.
Published: March 2019

The paper describes the outcomes of the experiments to study hydrogen and gaseous fission products accumulation during simulations of the wet damaged VVER-440 SNF storage in air-tight canisters with the water drained and no drying conducted. Physical and chemical processes occurring during the damaged oxide SNF storage in wet environment are discussed. The experiments were carried out in two stages: 1) preliminary soaking of fine fuel particles in water in an air-tight canister, 2) water draining and keeping the wet SNF in the air-tight canister.

The experiments were conducted one after another using the same SNF canister and differing only in the SNF soaking temperature, i.e. 25 and 80 °С.

The radionuclide release into the liquid phase during the SNF storage under water was studied. Uranium and cesium isotopic concentrations were found to reach steady values when the SNF is kept under water for more than a month. The kinetics of hydrogen and gaseous fission product accumulation in the gaseous phase during wet storage of the spent fuel in the air-tight canister with the water drained coincide for both experiments. The kinetics demonstrate an abrupt decrease of the hydrogen and gaseous fission product accumulation rate in 46 hours. The data obtained can be applied for development and verification of the damaged SNF behavior models during SNF storage in wet environment under radiolysis.
A new species and a new record of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Likhitrakarn Natdanai , Golovatch Sergei I. , Semenyuk Irina , Panha Somsak
Published: March 2019

Antheromorphanguyenisp. n. is described and illustrated from Kon Ka Kinh National Park, southern Vietnam. The new species is distinguished by a peculiar colour pattern showing a uniformly black-brown body contrasting with yellow-brown paraterga and epiproct, as well as in the pointed gonopodal process being unusually short, only approximately half as long as the solenophore. In addition, an identification key to all 13 presently known species, all mapped, is given. A new record of A.festiva is provided from southern Vietnam.
Amblyopia Risk Factors in Premature Children in the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Hennein Lauren , Koo Euna , Robbins Julie , de Alba Campomanes Alejandra G.
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

To determine the incidence of amblyopia risk factors during the first 3 years of life in premature children.

Methods:

This prospective cohort included 145 premature children (gestational age of less than 37 weeks) who were evaluated for amblyopia risk factors every 6 months until age 3 years. The incidence rate, cumulative incidence, and prevalence of any amblyopia risk factor were assessed in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and non-ROP screened groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate variables associated with the development of an amblyopia risk factor.

Results:

The 3-year incidence rates of amblyopia risk factors were similar between the non-ROP and ROP screened groups (18 versus 19 cases per 1,000 person-years, respectively). The 3-year cumulative incidence was also similar: 32% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18 to 47) in the non-ROP and 14% (95% CI: 5 to 28) in the ROP screened group (
P
> .05). In the ROP screened group, the prevalence rates were 20% or greater at most time points. In the non-ROP screened group, the prevalence rates were 11% to 14% during the first 18 months and increased to more than 20% at 24 months and thereafter. Astigmatism was the most prevalent amblyopia risk factor in both groups (7% to 18%).

Conclusions:

The incidence of amblyopia risk factors was not significantly different between non-ROP and ROP screened children in our cohort. The prevalence of refractive errors among premature non-ROP screened children was higher than that reported in childhood in the literature. It may be appropriate to screen all children with a history of prematurity for refractive errors around 24 months of age.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):88–94.]
Comparison of Pediatric Cataract Surgical Techniques Between Pediatric Ophthalmology Consultants and Fellows in Training: A Video-Based Analysis
Authors: Badakere Akshay , Chhablani Preeti Patil , Chandrasekharan Anjali , Ali Mohammad Hasnat , Kekunnaya Ramesh
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

To compare intraoperative technique and quality of surgical steps in pediatric cataract surgery between pediatric ophthalmology consultants and fellows in training.

Methods:

In a video-based analysis by two fellowship-trained pediatric ophthalmologists, 42 surgical videos of pediatric ophthalmology consultants and 34 videos of fellows in training were graded based on the International Council of Ophthalmology's Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubrics (ICO-OSCAR). Six steps in surgery were analyzed: wound construction, anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis, irrigation and aspiration, intraocular lens implantation, primary posterior capsulorrhexis with anterior vitrectomy, and wound suturing. Cohen's Kappa was used to rate inter-observer agreement.

Results:

Cohen's Kappa scores ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. The median scores for surgical steps for both analyzed groups were similar. The mean duration of surgery was shorter for consultants (24 minutes, range: 10 to 45 minutes) than for fellows (40 minutes, range: 15 to 70 minutes). The median age of patients operated on by consultants was younger (24 months, range: 2 to 180 months) than fellows (58 months, range: 10 to 150 months).

Conclusions:

The quality of the surgical steps performed by pediatric ophthalmology consultants and fellows in training was similar.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(2):83–87.]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy Alone for Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Associated With Inferior Breaks in Phakic Eyes
Authors: Talcott Katherine E. , Obeid Anthony , Gao Xinxiao , Adika Adam , Regillo Carl D.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

This study examines whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) can achieve a high rate of reattachment in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) caused by inferior breaks in phakic eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients with primary, phakic RRD with inferior retinal breaks repaired by PPV, endolaser, and gas tamponade between January 2012 and December 2016 were included.

RESULTS:

Twenty-six eyes from 26 patients were included. Mean patient age was 61.7 years (range: 38 years to 82 years). Thirteen RRDs were macula-involving, with an average of 2.00 ± 0.70 quadrants and 2.50 ± 2.00 breaks. Twenty-three of 26 eyes (88.5%) were attached at postoperative month (POM) 3. Mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.72 ± 0.84 at baseline, 0.65 ± 0.44 at POM 3, 0.44 ± 0.50 at POM 12, and 0.43 ± 0.36 at the final visit.

CONCLUSION:

Single-surgery success rate of phakic RRD caused by inferior breaks repaired by PPV is high.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:153–158.]
Choroidal Hemangioma in a Black Patient With Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Challenges in Diagnosis
Authors: Sarrafpour Soshian , Tsui Edmund , Mehta Nitish , Modi Yasha S. , Finger Paul T.
Published: March 2019

A black teenager presented with long-standing vision loss in his right eye. Clinical exam revealed increased conjunctival vascularity and total exudative retinal detachment of the right eye. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated a choroidal mass with moderate-to-high reflectivity consistent with a choroidal hemangioma. A closer external examination demonstrated a subtle reddish hue of the eyelids and cheek, consistent with a nevus flammeus. MRI of the brain revealed a T2 enhancing vascular mass. Collectively, these findings were consistent with Sturge-Weber Syndrome. This case highlights the need for a high degree of suspicion for Sturge-Weber Syndrome in dark-skinned individuals that can otherwise mask the nevus flammeus. Physical exam findings and radiographic evidence can be used to guide the diagnosis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:183–186.]
Bilateral Annular Isolated Choroidal Melanocytosis
Authors: Heinze Kevin D. , Demirci Hakan , Elner Victor M.
Published: March 2019

The authors present a unique case of bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis in an annular pattern that, to our knowledge, has not previously been described. A 44-year-old asymptomatic American Indian woman presented with bilateral choroidal hyperpigmentation in an annular pattern for 12 clock hours around the peripheral retina. No other uveal, scleral, or cutaneous hyperpigmentation was observed. Optical coherence tomography did not demonstrate choroidal thickening or subretinal fluid. The diagnosis of bilateral isolated choroidal melanocytosis was made. Long-term follow-up of this patient and other cases described in the literature is necessary to determine the malignant potential of these lesions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e74–e76.]
Task-Individual-Social Software Fit in Knowledge Creation Performance
Authors: Sundiman Didi , Wu Chien Hsing , Mursidi Andi , Ting I-Hsien
Published: March 2019

The present article aims to disclose the role of task–individual–social software fit (TISF) in knowledge creation in the context of the manufacturing and service industries and research institutes. The methodology used is an empirical study that proposes and examines the proposed research model. The mediation effect of structural social exchange is also explored. Results of the data analysis of 279 valid samples reveal the following findings. First, the effect of TISF is confirmed. Second, structural exchanges do not mediate the role of TISF toward creation performance. Third, TISF is significantly associated with the social software, creation task, and individual cognition variables. Lastly, goal-free and goal-frame creation modes and analytical and intuitive cognition styles significantly influence the fit of features of creation task, individual cognition, and social software. The article provides domain scholars and practitioners with value of the task–individual–social software fit in the context of knowledge creation. Discussion and implications are also presented in this article.
Relapsing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with Low ADAMTS13 Antigen Levels: An Indication for Splenectomy?
Authors: Lombardi Anna Maria , Di Pasquale Irene , Businaro Maria Antonietta , Cortella Irene , Ferrari Silvia , Fabris Fabrizio , Vianello Fabrizio
Published: March 2019

With more recent modalities of immunosuppression, splenectomy is now rarely considered in refractory/relapsed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, the surgical approach had shown convincing evidences of high efficacy in the pre-rituximab era and therefore may still represent a lifesaving option in selected challenging cases. To define the characteristics of subjects who may benefit from splenectomy may ease clinical decision making. In this paper we describe the clinical and laboratory data of 2 multiple relapsing TTP cases who successfully underwent splenectomy in the pre-rituximab era. Whereas high anti-ADAMTS13 antibody titre and low ADAMTS13 activity never correlated with remission and relapse, a drop in the ADAMTS13 antigen level was always associated with the acute phase, whereas levels consistently returned to normal following splenectomy, heralding long term remission. Splenectomy may therefore be considered in refractory TTP cases associated with increased ADAMTS13 antigen clearance, irrespective of persistence of inhibitory antibodies.
The Norian Worthenia-like gastropods (Main Dolomite, Upper Triassic): reclassification of the specimens housed at the “Antonio Stoppani” Natural Museum, Italy
Authors: Pieroni Vittorio
Published: March 2019

Despite being very common, the Norian gastropods of the Main Dolomite Formation usually referred to as “Worthenia”, have not been well classified yet. This is principally due to a dearth of well-preserved specimens. Moreover, the type material of the species instituted by Stoppani has not been re-examined in recent publications. Therefore, a thorough search for the Stoppani Collection’s reference types in the storerooms of the Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano has been carried out. This investigation revealed that the gastropod types from Main Dolomite described by Stoppani had effectively been lost, possibly following an air-bombing raid hitting the museum during World War II. Consequently, we here describe only two specimens from the portion of the Stoppani Collection housed at the Museo Scientifico Naturalistico “A. Stoppani”, Venegono Inferiore (Varese, Italy). These two specimens were collected by Antonio Stoppani in Songavazzo (Bergamo, Italy) that he himself identified as one of the type localities. These particularly well-preserved specimens display characters useful for their possible attribution to the genus Wortheniella.
Women’s health in Northwestern Syria: Findings from Healthy-Syria 2017 study
Authors: Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Bakri Basil , Alsadek Amena S. , Alsibaee Rawaa H. , Alasfar Esraa M. , Albakour Amna H. , Aljouja Abdulhannan Y. , Alshaikhwais Nour A. , Fares Feras A. , Flood Pamela D. , Jnaid Hussam , Najib Amina A. , Saloom Diaa A. , Zahra Noran A. , Altirkawi Khalid A.
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Since the uprising in 2011, there have been limited health-care data from inside Syria regarding women’s health. This study aimed to provide an updated account of women’s health, including pregnancy, perinatal care, childbirth, and other conditions to identify obstacles and challenges to health-care delivery in Northwestern Syria. Methods: This is a prospective data registry study, using a medical electronic records system that builds on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. We collected data from one medical center in Northwestern Syria during 2017. We conducted a survey to understand patients’ knowledge of and barriers limiting antenatal care (ANC). Results: We studied 7213 patients’ health status and surveyed 134 regarding ANC. Prenatal care, delivery, and miscarriage treatment represented the most common (70%) reasons for women’s health-care visits, followed by menstrual disorders (17%). From 2057 delivery records, 70% delivered vaginally and 30% required cesarean delivery. Our findings showed that 1169 (24%) of the pregnant women (4936) in 2017 were adolescents, of them 22 (0.44%) were 14 years old. Regarding ANC visits, 85% of respondents did not have a single ANC visit in the first trimester, 82% had no visits in the second trimester, and 44% had no visits in the third trimester. Thirty-one percent had no ANC visit throughout the entire pregnancy. Only 13% had postnatal care (PNC) visits. Women who live in the refugee camp are 2.7 times less likely to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for focused ANC (FANC = 4 visits) compared to those who reside in town (P < 0.001), with only 14% having met the FANC. The major barrier to ANC is related to transportation (34%), followed by factors related to the study center (29%) and knowledge and education (19%). We estimated the number of obstetrics-gynecology doctors per 1000 populations to be 0.02. Conclusions: We found a huge deficiency in ANC and PNC visits, a high adolescent birth rate, and a higher cesarean-to-vaginal delivery ratio than what is recommended by the WHO. We also found a severe shortage in the number of obstetrician-gynecologists serving this population.
Isolated open comminuted fracture of the first rib
Authors: Basha MH , Singaravelu KP , Mohana G
Published: March 2019

In the emergency department, open isolated rib fractures are rarely seen. There is scarce literature related to open isolated first rib comminuted fracture. We report a 33-year-old male who presented with an isolated open first rib comminuted fracture following a road traffic accident. He did not have any neurovascular or major organ injuries and was managed successfully with conservative treatment.
Vector Competence for West Nile Virus and St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (Flavivirus) of Three Tick Species of the Genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Flores Fernando S. , Zanluca Camila , Guglielmone Alberto A. , Duarte dos Santos Claudia N. , Labruna Marcelo B. , Diaz Adrián
Published: March 2019

Many species of Amblyomma ticks are commonly found infesting wild birds in South America, where birds are important hosts for several arboviruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). In this study, WNV and SLEV transmission experiments were performed to evaluate the vector competence of three South American tick species: Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma tigrinum, and Amblyomma tonelliae. Larval and nymphal ticks of each species were allowed to feed on chicks needle inoculated with WNV or SLEV. All three Amblyomma species acquired either WNV or SLEV through larval feeding, with infection rates varying from 3.1% to 100% for WNV and from 0% to 35.7% for SLEV in engorged larvae. Transstadial perpetuation of the viruses was demonstrated in the molted nymphs, with WNV infection rates varying from 0% to 33.7% and SLEV infection rates from 13.6% to 23.8%. Although nymphal ticks also acquired either virus through feeding, transstadial perpetuation to adult ticks was lower, with virus detection in only 3.2% of A. tigrinum and 11.5% of A. tonelliae unfed adult ticks. On the other hand, vector competence for nymphs (exposed to WNV or SLEV through larval feeding) and adult ticks (exposed to WNV or SLEV through larval or nymphal feeding) was null in all cases. Although our results indicate transstadial perpetuation of WNV or SLEV in the three tick species, the ticks were not competent to transmit these agents to susceptible hosts. The role of these ixodid tick species in the epidemiology of WNV and SLEV might be insignificant, even though at least A. ovale and A. tigrinum are frequent bird ticks in Latin America, so the virus could survive winter in the fed larvae. However, future studies are required to determine the implications that this could have, as well as analyze the vector competence of other common bird tick species in South America.
Weapon Combat Effectiveness Analytics Using Big Data and Simulations: A Literature Review
Authors: Jung Won IL , Marin Mario , Lee Kyungeun , Rabelo Luis , Lee Gene , Noh Daeho
Published: March 2019

The Weapon Combat Effectiveness (WCE) analytics is very expensive, time-consuming, and dangerous in the real world because we have to create data from the real operations with a lot of people and weapons in the actual environment. The Modeling and Simulation (M&S) of many techniques are used for overcoming these limitations. Although the era of big data has emerged and achieved a great deal of success in a variety of fields, most of WCE research using the Defense Modeling and Simulation (DM&S) techniques studied have considered a lot of assumptions and limited scenarios without the help of big data technologies. Furthermore, WCE analytics using previous methodologies cannot help but get the bias results. This paper reviews and combines the basic knowledge for the new WCE analytics methodology using big data and M&S to overcome these problems of bias. Then this paper reviews the general overview of WCE, DM&S, and big data. Also, it establishes WCE classification and identifies the research challenges and solutions. The new WCE analytics methodology is discussed based on the research solutions. This paper will have a role to further serve as the stepping-stone of the future research for the interested researchers.
11 Reasons to Use Automated Metrology
Authors: Flynn Robert , Miller Carson
Published: March 2019

Aerospace structures manufacturers find themselves frequently engaged in large-scale 3D metrology operations, conducting precision measurements over a volume expressed in meters or tens of meters. Such measurements are often done by metrologists or other measurement experts and may be done in a somewhat ad-hoc fashion, i.e., executed in the most appropriate method according to the lights of the individual conducting the measurement. This approach is certainly flexible but there are arguments for invoking a more rigorous process. Production processes, in particular, demand an automated process for all such “routine” measurements. Automated metrology offers a number of advantages including enabling data configuration management, de-skilling of operation, real time input data error checking, enforcement of standards, consistent process execution and automated data archiving. It also reduces training, setup time, data manipulation and analysis time and improves reporting.

This paper draws on experiences from a recent automated metrology project and examines some of the challenges and benefits of successful measurement automation.
An Open Source Domain-Specific Avionics System Architecture Model for the Design Phase and Self-Organizing Avionics
Authors: Annighoefer Bjoern
Published: March 2019

State-of-the-art avionics systems are standardized, e.g. the computing system of the flying vehicle is composed of pre-defined and pre-qualified modules of a standardized avionics platform. Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is the most popular representative, but not the only one. Two challenges of standardized avionics platform are system design and configuration. Since the high numbers of functions, modules, and constraints for modern air vehicles, bringing up the optimal system architecture is a difficult job if carried out manually. The subsequent process of creating millions of configuration parameters is time consuming and error prone. Both issues are similar and are, in general, processable by algorithms. Algorithms proved to provide significant support for current system design issues and might be mandatory in future, when avionics become self-organizing and the design and configuration are derived by the platform itself. Automated design already proved its advantages and self-organizing platforms started to be in development. Having the right and rigid data format for this purpose is mandatory. A suitable data format must hold all requirements necessary to proof the validity of the avionics architecture and take reliable organization decisions. It must be independent of technologies, in terms of hardware, software, and configuration. It must have a structure simple enough to be used in qualified embedded systems. Existing modeling approaches, e.g. AADL, have different purposes as detailed system design, dynamic simulations, virtual qualification, and lack especially rigidity and simplicity. The Open Avionics Architecture Model (OAAM) is a domain-specific model representing avionics system’s architectures designed to be used offline or online in the automated organization of avionics systems. It was implemented using the EMOF modeling standard and the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF). It is available as open source. This article explains the structure and the purpose of OAAM.
Thermal Analysis of Aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit: Application of Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Kumar Prashant , AKRAM MD , Singh Anand Shankar , S Sanjay
Published: March 2019

An “APU” (Auxiliary Power Unit) is a small gas turbine engine to provide supplementary power to an aircraft and is located at the tails of larger jets. APU generators provide auxiliary electrical power for running aircraft systems on the ground. Applications include powering environmental systems for pre-cooling or preheating the cabin, and providing power for crew functions such as preflight, cabin cleanup, and galley (kitchen) operation and long-haul airliners must be started using pneumatic power of APU compressor. The Honeywell 131-9A gas turbine APU has 440 kW shaft power and 90 kW electric generator consuming 120 kg fuel/hour. Here the traditional combustor of the APU is proposed to be replaced by a chemical-looping-combustion (CLC) system. CLC system consist of two reactor one is oxidation reactor (air reactor) and the other is reduction reactor (fuel reactor).The system is fluidized bed system in which activated metal-oxide(MeO) participates and circulates between the reactors .The metal-oxide (MeO) provides oxygen for combustion in the fuel reactor. The reduced metal is then transferred to air reactor before being reintroduced to the fuel reactor to complete the process. In this process isolation of fuel from air simplifies chemical reaction related to combustion and using oxygen without nitrogen tends to eliminate formation of NOx from flue gases which is basically CO2 and water vapor. The proposed APU gas turbine with CLC combustion is expected to revolutionize aviation transportation as it is more eco-friendly. The maximum gas temperature at the exit of CLC is 1300K which is similar to maximum gas turbine cycle temperature hence the integration of CLC system to gas turbine APU is promising . Thermal analysis of the chemical looping combustion system is proposed to be reported. Also likely emission benefits from the proposed system would also be reported.
Associations of biological stress markers in hurricane survivors: Heartrate variability, Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-6 in depression and PTSD
Authors: Tucker, MD Phebe , Pfefferbaum, MD, JD Betty , Zhao, PhD Yan D. , Johnston, MS Sarah E. , Mistry, MD, PGY-4 Amit , Khan, MD, MPH Qaiser S.
Published: March 2019

Objective: Inflammatory and immunologic cytokines and vagal activity have important roles in health and mental health, and may influence each other. The authors assessed relationships of representative biomarkers linked to disaster exposure—heart rate variability (HRV) with Interleukin-2 (IL-2, cell-medicated immunity) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6, proinflammatory and pro-immunologic), stratified by psychiatric diagnosis.Design: Participants were assessed for psychiatric diagnosis, IL-2, IL-6, HRV, and HR reactivity to trauma reminders.Setting: Outpatient university psychiatry clinics in Oklahoma City and Tulsa.Participants: Relocated Katrina survivors and demographically matched controls, not on psychiatric, cardiovascular, or inflammatory medications.Main outcome measures: SCID-IV, baseline serum IL-2 and IL-6, HRV through power spectral analysis.Results: Survivors had higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic activity at baseline and lower parasympathetic HR reactivity than controls, with flattened parasympathetic reactivity in the presence of depression and of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Survivors’ IL-2 and IL-6 did not differ from controls and did not differ in PTSD or depression. Depressed survivors’ sympathetic reactivity correlated negatively with IL-2 and parasympathetic reactivity correlated positively with IL-2.Conclusions: HRV differed after hurricane exposure and with survivors’ depression and/or PTSD, more sensitively capturing somatic sequelae than assessed cytokines. Higher sympathetic HR reactivity associated with lower immunologic IL-2 may indicate a double biological “hit” in depressed disaster survivors, possibly rendering them more vulnerable to cardiovascular and immunologic illness as well as depression. Associations of HRV with IL-2 may support reciprocal influences of cytokines and vagal activity. Lack of significant correlations of IL-6 with HRV measures is consistent with its pleiotropic role.
Therapeutic recreation interventions for older adults and their caregivers
Authors: Richeson, PhD, CTRS Nancy , Janssen, EdD, RTC/CTRS Maridith A. , McMahan, PhD, CTRS Cathi , Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS, CRC Marieke , Buettner, PhD, CTRS, LRT Linda
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to share the findings from the therapeutic recreation panel that recently disseminated their research at the 60th annual Gerontological Society of America, November 16th through November 20th, in San Francisco, CA. The panel examined the influence of therapeutic recreation interventions on older adults and their caregivers.
Establishing peer supervision programs for recreation therapy specialists
Authors: Jones, EdD, CTRS David B. , Harvey, MEd, MS, LCPC, CTRS Barbara R.
Published: March 2019

Clinical supervision has been shown to advance professional competency and optimal client care. In the field of recreation therapy, practitioners often work in isolation or in small departments, making clinical supervision difficult to actualize. The authors offer a peer supervision model as a mechanism to operationalize clinical supervision for recreation therapists. This article provides an overview of peer supervision, including a definition and goals. An example of a peer supervision model is presented. Various roles within a peer supervision group are identified.
The Center for Life Skills: An interdisciplinary learning laboratory for allied health students
Authors: Monroe, PhD, CTRS Janice Elich , Durnford, MS, CCC-SLP Susan , Cozzolino, OTD, OTR Melinda , Buckley, MS, PT Ellie L. , Gooch, MS, CTRS Catherine
Published: March 2019

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Spring 2008
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2019

Volume 7, Number 2
Summer 2008
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2019

Volume 7, Number 3
Hurricane Katrina: Satellite technology stands tall
Authors: Brown Peter J.
Published: March 2019

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Beyond the United States: Emergency management higher education initiatives in New Zealand and Japan
Authors: Britton Neil R.
Published: March 2019

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Loophole in Osha Regulations Leaves Some State and Local Employees At Risk
Authors: Hartle, MS, CFPS Jeffery A.
Published: March 2019

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Use of an automatic crash notification system to relate dynamic vehicle data with occupant injuries
Authors: Billittier IV, MD Anthony J. , Lerner, PhD E. Brooke , Blatt, MS Alan , Viksjo, MD Michael
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to describe our initial experience with an automatic crash notification device (ACND) and to compare dynamic vehicle data acquired by the ACND in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) for occupants with and without cervical strain injuries. Eight hundred and seventy-four cars were equipped with an ACND, which detected crashes by analyzing vehicular acceleration in real time. The device placed an automated call to 9-1-1 whenever the pre-established crash threshold was exceeded and transmitted crash location, principal direction of crash force, and crash change in velocity. All occupants involved in an MVC involving an ACNDequipped vehicle were contacted and asked to report anatomical location(s) of any injuries. Those with cervical- strain-type complaints were identified through post-crash interviews and medical record reviews. Principle direction of force and crash change in velocity were compared between these two groups. Dynamic vehicle data were obtained for 15 crashes involving 26 occupants, with crash change in velocity ranging from 12 kph to 42 kph. The principle direction of force was 12 o’clock (six vehicles), 2 o’clock (three vehicles), 3 o’clock (two vehicles), 6 o’clock (one vehicle), 9 o’clock (one vehicle), and 11 o’clock (two vehicles). Thirteen occupants reported a variety of injuries. Five reported cervical-strain-type complaints including three in a rear-end crash (principle direction of force 6 o’clock, change in velocity 29 kph), one in a frontal crash (principle direction of force 12 o’clock, change in velocity 14 kph), and one in a right-frontal crash (principle direction of force 2 o’clock, change in velocity 26 kph). Results indicate that, although the number of MVCs was small, no cervical-strain-type complaints were reported when change in velocity was less than 14 kph. Dynamic vehicular information obtained from the ACND at time of crash may be useful for instantaneous injury prediction. The ability to predict injury in real time may some day allow for better allocation of on-scene resources.
Is your organization ready for the next disaster? Essentials of business-continuity planning
Authors: Henderson, FSA, CBCP Douglas M.
Published: March 2019

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Failures of technology and systems: Contributing to flawed preparedness
Authors: Wilen, MD Saul B.
Published: March 2019

Preparedness has become America’s operative societal concept. We aim for educational preparedness to compete in a global economy. We invoke preparedness to deal with natural disasters. We see preparedness as the basis for security and safety of the homeland. We assume that the existing systems operating in our lives, communities, and society are solid and will not fail. We have come to believe that technology is our salvation. Systems and technologies will be explored in the context of their integral positive and negative roles in the preparedness process and continuum.
Risk communication needs in a chemical event
Authors: Lee, PhD, MHS Janice S. , Lee, PhD Sharon L. , Damon, MAIA, CPH Scott A. , Geller, MD Robert , Janus, MS Erik R. , Ottoson, CIH Chris , Scott, CSP, ARM Marilyn J.
Published: March 2019

In an effort to define the role of state and local health agencies in a chemical terrorism event and to share knowledge, materials, and resources, representatives from state, local, and federal agencies formed the Interstate Chemical Terrorism (ICT) workgroup in 2002.Working with the ICT workgroup, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) funded a workshop effort to address the basic elements of risk communication (RC) needs in a chemical event. The primary goal of the workshop was to develop templates for chemical fact sheets destined for the general public and press, medical providers, public health officials, first responders, and impacted workers, as well as a list of core competencies and benchmarks. We summarize workshop discussion and outcomes.
Trauma among emergency responders and terrorism investigators: Suggestions for conducting needed research
Authors: Friedman, JD Thomas J.
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the paucity of information that exists concerning the traumas and stresses that affect emergency responders (ERs) and terrorism investigators (TIs). There has not yet been an indepth, phenomenological, qualitative study examining the perceptions of ERs or TIs during and after emergency incidents to determine whether their experiences led to serious stress or trauma.More research is needed concerning the work experiences of these individuals, which is often dangerous, sometimes taking place in horrific settings, and often occurring in high pressure and high profile situations. We do not know why some ERs and TIs are traumatized by their experiences and others are not. We do not know why some are able to cope with their various stressors in a healthy manner when others develop symptoms clearly indicative of acute stress disorder (ASD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We are not certain to what degree the severity of the trauma experienced directly affects the severity of these symptoms, and we have not studied the resultant ability or inability of ERs and TIs to continue to work and interact with family and friends.By conducting additional studies on this topic, ERs and TIs can be taught better coping mechanisms, we can establish more proactive professional mental health responses, gain a more empathetic understanding of ERs and TIs, and help emergency and law enforcement organizations prepare more effective educational and training materials.
The management of volunteers: Recent experience with the American Red Cross in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Authors: Levy, MBA Kirsten
Published: March 2019

Rather than simply watch horrific events unfold, many citizens do everything in their power—immediately— to help; they seek outlets for their energy. Organizations that use citizen assistance, while grateful, often find the outpouring difficult to manage. This article describes a positive experience with the American Red Cross (ARC) as a citizen-turned-volunteer. It notes observations about the organization’s management of volunteers during a two-week deployment at regional headquarters in late November 2005 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where disaster relief for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, combined into one disaster relief effort, was scaling down. The volunteer experience was positive because ARC was well organized and catered to expectations. ARC proved to be the natural choice for a volunteer outlet. The ARC can be considered a giant conduit for training, turning bystanders into volunteers and deploying them quickly to disaster relief in the field at little expense.
Managing debris successfully after disasters: Considerations and recommendations for emergency managers
Authors: McEntire, PhD David A.
Published: March 2019

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Community emergency response teams and the wealth of communities in New Jersey
Authors: Phelps, JD, MPH, CEM, CBCP, Paramedic Scott
Published: March 2019

This study examined median household income (MHI) of communities with community emergency response teams (CERTs). Preliminary data from New York City showed that in three of five counties, the mean MHI in CERT communities exceeded countywide MHI by up to $19,000. The research was then expanded to New Jersey, where, of 18 counties with CERTs, the mean MHI exceeded the countywide MHI in 15 counties (83 percent of the time). In counties where the mean CERT-community MHI was higher, it exceeded the county MHI by $6,060. Mean CERT-community MHI also exceeded the state’s MHI by over $5,000 ($60,745 versus $55,146). Given recent examples of the vulnerability of poor and working-class communities, emergency management agencies at all levels need to target CERT resources based on need, not on demand.
TOPOFF 3: Comments and recommendations from members of the New Jersey Universities Consortium for Homeland Security Research
Authors: Lioy, PhD Paul J. , Roberts, PhD Fred S. , McCluskey, JD, MPA Brendan , Lioy, MS Mary Jean , Cross, PhD, JD Audrey , Clarke, PhD Lee , Stanton, JD Lee Louise , Tepfenhart, PhD William , Ferrara, MS Mary Ellen
Published: March 2019

Faculty members from the New Jersey Uni - versities Consortium for Homeland Security Research served as observers in the TOPOFF 3 exercise in New Jersey in April 2005. The exercise involved a simulated release of pneumonic plague, with symptomatic individuals sent to hospitals and asymptomatic individuals sent to points of dispensing (PODs) to receive antibiotics. This paper summarizes Consortium members’ observations about the exercise, with emphasis on the PODs’ strategies and implementation, and on the role of communications and command centers. The future role of university collaborations with local and federal agencies in similar counter-terrorism exercises is also discussed.
November/December 2006
Authors: DeVito, Jr. Richard A.
Published: March 2019

Volume 4, Number 6