bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of the Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Severe Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Repair
Authors: Osteresch Rico , Diehl Kathrin , Schmucker Johannes , Ben Ammar Azza , Solyom Oana , Dierks Patrick , Fach Andreas , Wienbergen Harm , Hambrecht Rainer
Published: January 2021

Background: Pulmonary artery (PA) pulsatility index (PAPi), calculated as (PA systolic pressure – PA diastolic pressure)/right atrial pressure, emerged as a novel predictor of right ventricular failure in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, advanced heart failure, and severe pulmonary hypertension. However, the prognostic utility of PAPi in transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) using the MitraClip® system has never been tested. Objective: To assess the prognostic impact of PAPi in patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and chronic heart failure (CHF) undergoing TMVR. Methods: Consecutive patients with severe functional MR (grade 3+ or 4+) and CHF who underwent successful TMVR (MR ≤2+ at discharge) were enrolled and divided into 3 groups according to PAPi (A: low PAPi ≤2.2; B: intermediate PAPi 2.21–3.99; C: high PAPi ≥4.0). The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization due to CHF during a mean follow-up period of 16 ± 4 months. The impact of PAPi on prognosis was assessed by a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis investigating independent predictors for outcome. Results: 78 patients (A: n = 27, B: n = 28, C: n = 23) at high operative risk (logistic EuroSCORE [European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation] 18.8 vs. 21.5 vs. 20.6%; nonsignificant) were enrolled. Mean PAPi was 1.6 ± 0.41 vs. 2.9 ± 0.53 vs. 6.8 ± 3.5; p < 0.001). Patients with low PAPi showed significantly higher rates of early rehospitalization for heart failure at the 30-day follow-up (14.9 vs. 7.1 vs. 4.3%; p = 0.04). In the long term, a significantly lower event-free survival for the combined primary endpoint was observed in the low PAPi group (44.4 vs. 25.0 vs. 20.3%; log-rank p = 0.016). ROC curve analysis revealed that optimal sensitivity and specificity were achieved using a PAPi cutoff of 2.46 (sensitivity 83%, specificity 78.3%, area under the curve 0.82 [0.64–0.99]; p = 0.01). In Cox regression analysis, PAPi ≤2.46 was an independent predictor for the combined primary endpoint (hazard ratio 2.85; 95% confidence interval 1.15–7.04; p = 0.023). Conclusions: PAPi is strongly associated with clinical outcome among patients with CHF and functional MR undergoing TMVR. A PAPi value ≤2.46 predicts a worse prognosis independent of other important clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic factors. Therefore, PAPi may serve as a new parameter to improve patient selection for TMVR.
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Focused Review and Practical Approach for Gastroenterologists
Authors: Carvão Joana  , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Libânio Diogo
Published: January 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors derived from the neuroendocrine cell system, and more commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Over the last decades, the incidence of GI-NETs has been steadily increasing, partly due to the expanding indications for endoscopy. Most patients with NETs are asymptomatic, and their NETs are noticed during screening examinations; thus, endoscopists are on the frontline of the diagnosis of GI-NETs. Since GI-NETs are less frequent than other malignancies, the natural history, diagnosis, and management of these tumors may not be fully understood. In this review, we aim to update the endoscopist on key clinical features and management of patients with gastric, duodenal, and rectal NETs.
Massive Extra-Abdominal Umbilical Vein Varix: A Case Report
Authors: Jackson Josef , Castro Eumenia , Belfort Michael A. , Shamsirshaz Alireza A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Espinoza Jimmy
Published: January 2021

Umbilical vein varices are rare umbilical cord anomalies that typically occur intra-abdominally. Extra-abdominal umbilical vein varices are exceedingly rare and usually diagnosed postnatally on gross pathologic examination. Umbilical vein varices have been associated with increased risk of fetal anemia, cardiac abnormalities, and intrauterine fetal demise. This case report discusses a patient who presented with a massive extra-abdominal umbilical vein varix, whose infant was ultimately delivered due to fetal distress and died in the neonatal period. This report also discusses associated fetal conditions and guidelines for antenatal testing and surveillance of known umbilical vein varices.
Goal Setting Improves Cognitive Performance in a Randomized Trial of Chronic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Fishman Keera N. , Ashbaugh Andrea R. , Swartz Richard H.
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cognitive impairment after stroke, especially executive and attention dysfunction, is common, negatively affects daily functioning, and has limited treatment options. A single-blind, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial was used to examine the impact of goal setting on poststroke cognitive performance.

Methods:

Stroke survivors (n=72; mean age, 68.38 [SD=11.84] years; 69.4% men) in the chronic phase (≥3 months) after stroke from an academic stroke prevention clinic were randomly assigned to receive goal-setting instructions (n=36) or standard instructions (n=36) after completing baseline cognitive measures of executive function (primary outcome), attention/working memory, verbal learning, and verbal recall.

Results:

A one-way mixed multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) found a group by instructional manipulation interaction effect for executive function (Wilks λ=0.66;
F
[3,66]=11.30;
P
≤0.001; η
2
p
=0.34), after adjusting for age and years of education. After similar adjustment, attention/working memory (Wilks λ=0.86;
F
[5,63]=2.10;
P
=0.043; η
2
p
=0.16) and verbal learning (
F
[1,60]=5.81;
P
=0.019; η
2
p
=0.09) also showed improvement after instruction but not verbal recall (Wilks λ=0.95;
F
[1,56]=2.82;
P
=0.099; η
2
p
=0.05). There were no adverse events.

Conclusions:

Goal setting improved executive function, attention/working memory, and learning in a heterogeneous sample in the chronic phase after stroke. This suggests that >3 months after stroke, vascular cognitive impairment is not a fixed deficit; there is a motivational contributor. Brief treatments targeting goal-oriented behavior and motivation may serve as a novel approach or adjunct treatment to improve cognitive outcomes after stroke. Future research should investigate the use of goal setting on functional outcomes (eg, instrumental activities of daily living and vocational function) in this population, highlighting new potential avenues for treatment for vascular cognitive impairment.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03511300.
“Let us cast lots, so that we may know” (Jonah 1:7): Oracle of Lot as a Ritual-like Activity in Ancient Jewish Texts
Authors: Tervanotko Hanna , Schofield Kyle
Published: January 2021

This article seeks to push further scholarly interest and discussion about the ancient Jewish use of the oracle of lot, which has historically been hindered by its categorization as a divinatory method, by including ritual into its categorization. This article explores the ways in which the oracle of lot, as portrayed in Jewish literature, can be categorized under Catharine Bell’s description of ritual-like activity. First, the article gives a general overview of the methods, materials, and functions that the oracle of lot had in the ancient world. Following this discussion, we move on to four case studies where we examine the ritual-like characteristics of the oracle of lot as attested in four Jewish texts: 1 Samuel 14, Jonah 1, Esther 3, and the Community Rule (1QS).
Inocybe messapica (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a new species in section Splendentes, from Mediterranean oak woods
Authors: CERVINI MARIO
Published: January 2021

Inocybe messapica sp. nov., collected in Apulia (Italy) under Quercus coccifera and Quercus ilex, is presented with description, colour photographs, and line-drawings of the microscopic features. This species is proposed as new based on both morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. It is characterized by the stout habit, a dark castaneous brown pileus covered with a whitish velipellis, a non-marginate bulbous stipe base, and smooth amygdaliform spores. A comparison of I. messapica with I. athenana and similar species is also provided.
Wear Behavior of WC–Cu Deposited ZE41A Magnesium Alloy Using Wear Mechanism Map
Authors: Elaiyarasan U. , Satheeshkumar V. , Senthilkumar C.
Published: January 2021

The present investigation studied the dry sliding wear behavior of WC–Cu deposited ZE41A magnesium alloy under various parameters such as normal load, sliding speed and sliding time and the responses are wear rate and coefficient of friction. In this investigation, WC–Cu
deposited magnesium alloy specimens were tested using pin on disc apparatus against EN31 steel disc. Wear mechanism map is developed for wear rate of the deposited magnesium alloy against normal load and sliding speed to identify the different wear modes such as mild, severe and ultra sever
wear. Worn surface samples is assessed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS) to confirm the different wear mechanism such as abrasion, oxidation, delamination and melting. Normal load is identified as the most dominant process parameter in this experiment.
Magnesium alloy deposited using WC–Cu composite coating by EDC improved the wear behavior in the lower ranges of sliding conditions.
Cement Formation with Marble Powder as Substitute
Authors: Reymond D. Justus , Sudarsan J. S. , Nithiyanantham S.
Published: January 2021

Lately marble is viewed as most significant beautifying construction materials. MP is which severalty impact on nature and medical issues. Marble powder materials are a fine powder. It is developed from chopping, molding and washing process. The creation of cement is expanding about
3% yearly. The creation of 1 ton of cement frees around 1 ton of CO2 to the air. This explorationmeans to intend the impression of using MP as in part substitution of cement. Cement which is one of constituents utilized in the creation of concrete has gotten costly and scant because
of which development cost increments. In present investigation cement has been partially replaced with marble powder in five different percentage mixes of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% weightiness of cement content in concrete. The key factor taken into concern is proportion of MP concrete is tested
for workability, compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength.
Gauge-Including-Atomic-Orbitals-mPW1PW91/6-31G(d) Scaling Factor as a Satisfactory Cost-Effectiveness Ratio for H-1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Calculations
Authors: Cardoso Evani Ferreira , de Albuquerque Ana Carolina Ferreira , Neto Antônio M. de J. Chaves , Mota Gunar Vingre da Silva , Costa Fabio Luiz Paranhos
Published: January 2021

Recently, several users of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have considered the employing of quantum chemical methods in the spectra predictions, since these methods are now well developed and implemented in popular program packages. Based on the experience of our group, the
purpose of this article is to test the feasibility in the generating of a scaling factor for hydrogen-1 chemical shifts calculations at the GIAO-mPW1PW91/6-31G(d)//mPW1PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory in gas phase to assist in the determination of organic molecule structures. It is important
to highlight that our level of theory requires low computational time, consequently it can be used even in personal computers. We used 80 organic molecules to yield a scaling factor equation: scaled chemical is equal to 0.98 (calculated chemical shift)+0.09, (calculated tetramethylsilane value
of 32.26 parts per million). The test molecule is oleana-12(13), 15(16)-dienoic acid, a triterpene with a complex structure, and with various biological and pharmacological applications. The error values of root mean square were slightly higher for the triterpene molecule compared to the 80
molecules (1.40 percent and 1.53 percent, respectively. We believe that this was due to the greater flexibility of the triterpene molecule. Thus, taking into consideration the cost-effectiveness ratio, the 1H NMR calculations at the GIAO-mPW1PW91/6-31G(d)//mPW1PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory
have produced promissory results.
Waste Heat Management System for Hybrid Vehicles Using Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Asteekar R. , Selvan S. Senthamil , Janani R.
Published: January 2021

The present scenario is like that the need of the electrical energy is growing rapidly whereas the resource availability is lagging behind the load demand due to its extinction which leads to hinder our overall generation. It has been observed that the sustainable resources have great
future potential to take lead to generate power and supply demand. In the present scenario there exists a few energy resources equivalent to fuel resource. So, there must be a technology to trap the waste and unutilized heat available in the atmosphere and utilize it into the form useful electrical
energy. In the current situation, waste heat in the form of thermal energy is recovered and converted into conventional electrical energy. Today, 70% of produced energy in automobiles is wasted in form of heat by exhaust gases. The main outcome of this paper is to manage the waste heat is
being generated in the vehicles efficiently, by introducing the concept of “Thermo Electric Generator” (TEG) which convert the waste heat produced inside the vehicles and Re-Generate in the form electric current and give it back to the “storage unit” due to “Seebeck
effect” concept.
Cavity Design and Optimization of Hybrid Quantum Dot Organic Light Emitting Devices for Blue Light Emission
Authors: Shaaban Iman E. , Samra Ahmed S. , Yousif Bedir , Alghamdi N. A. , El-Sherbiny Shamia , Wageh S.
Published: January 2021

The present search handles the blue light emission investigation of hybrid quantum dots organic light-emitting devices. The emissions at 445 nm and 460 nm have been examined for microcavity hybrid quantum dot organic light-emitting devices (QD-OLED) upon quantum dots of CdS and CdSe.
External light emissions have been evaluated through a numerical model based on the transfer matrix for electromagnetic plane waves. The devices' optical properties are investigated based on internal reflectance and cavity length by considering the architecture consisting of multilayers thin-film
structures. The overall performance of the light-emitting devices with emission at 445 nm showed an improvement of the enhancement factor and narrowing outcoupling emission relative to the devices with emission at 460 nm. Besides, the light-emitting devices based on CdS QDs revealed better
performance relative to the devices based on CdSe QDs.
Multi-Stage Distribution Network Space Load Forecasting Method Considering Demand Side Resources
Authors: Yang Zhidong , Chen Guangjiu , Ding Jianwu , Kang Xiaojing , Sheng Meng
Published: January 2021

Under the background of the further development of electric power, this paper forecasts the spatial load of distribution network, and proposes a multi-stage spatial load forecasting method considering the demand side resources. Firstly, the load of distribution network is pretreated
to improve the prediction function of the processing system, and the working efficiency of the whole system is enhanced to solve the maximum load value. Then, the different conditions of demand side resources are considered step by step to realize the fine analysis, confirm the saturation
density value of load, understand the specific information of spatial load, master the predicted data status, and finally carry out the comprehensive prediction method research of spatial load to realize the prediction research of spatial load of distribution network. The experimental results
show that the multi-stage spatial load forecasting method considering demand side resources has high accuracy and reliability, and its forecasting effect can improve the system forecasting performance to a certain extent, reduce unnecessary operation time, reduce energy and resource consumption,
and promote the development of load forecasting research.
Improved Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for DNA Sequence Design
Authors: Niu Ying , Zhou Hangyu , Wang Shida , Zhao Kai , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xuncai
Published: January 2021

The DNA sequence design is a vital step in reducing undesirable biochemical reactions and incorrect computations in successful DNA computing. To this end, many studies had concentrated on how to design higher quality DNA sequences. However, DNA sequences involve some thermodynamic and
conflicting conditions, which in turn reflect the evolutionary algorithm process implemented through chemical reactions. In the present study, we applied an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (IMOPSO) algorithm to DNA sequence design, in which a chaotic map is combined with
this algorithm to avoid falling into local optima. The experimental simulation and statistical results showed that the DNA sequence design method based on IMOPSO has higher reliability than the existing sequence design methods such as traditional evolutionary algorithm, invasive weed algorithm,
and specialized methods.
Effect of Dibenzyl Disulfide Corrosion on Accelerated Thermal Aging Crosslinked Polyethylene Cable Materials with Copper Core and Insulation Layer
Authors: Cheng Yi-Fan , Xu Ling-Na , Chen Tian-En , Jiang Guo-Zhen , Wang Jia-Bin
Published: January 2021

Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable has been widely used and studied with its specific failure mechanism. Among them, although thermal aging of XLPE insulation materials has been widely studied, the effect of accelerated thermal aging on the sulfur corrosion of XLPE cable has not
been studied much. For further understand the mechanism of sulfur corrosion, the accelerated thermal aging method was taken with 200 mg/kg DBDS based on the distinguish of temperature. The macro and micro analysis contrast test before and after corrosion were also taken to investigate the
morphology difference, the element distribution, the influence of thermal aging and DBDS addition the corrosion of copper core, and the assessment of insulation layer was also carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectra and spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy to distinguish the
microstructure and composition. Under the accelerated thermal aging experiment with DBDS, both copper core and insulation layer of sample No. 1 exhibit the most serious corrosion and aging condition. On the surface of the copper core, the DBDS-Cu complexes decompose to produce Cu2S and the
temperature has a direct effect on this reaction. The insulation layer of sample No. 1 showed the most severe aging situation, with characteristic peaks of carbonyl appearing at 1720 cm-1 in the Fourier transform infrared tests and more defects, holes and cracks found in spectroscopy,
scanning electron microscopy images.
Using Artificial Neural Networks for Fractal Interpolation Approach in 3D
Authors: Al-Jawfi Rashad A.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new method for fractal interpolation, herein called Neural Network Algorithm (NNA), which is based on Iterated Functions Systems (IFS); proposed to self-affine signals interpolation with error of expected interpolation. Experiments on theoretical data show
that the proposed interpolation schemes can obtain the expected point value and work with great precision in rebuilding the specified data profile, which leads to a significant advantage over other interpolation methods.
Tissue Microarray Detection of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and C-erbB-2 in Patients with Ovarian Cancer and a Preliminary Study on the Molecular Typing of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Dehua , Liu Yong , Zhang Gongliang , Peng Fang , Wang Zhi
Published: January 2021

We evaluated the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and C-erbB-2 in patients with ovarian cancer using tissue microarrays (TMA) and preliminarily analyzed molecular typing data. Specimens from 119 ovarian cancer patients were collected and were analyzed
by TMA. The expression of ER, PR, and C-erbB-2 was examined by IHC and the clinicopathological associations were analyzed. The results indicated that higher ER expression was observed in SC and EC, whereas PR exhibited a similar expression pattern, but relatively lower compared with ER expression.
Conversely, very weak expression was observed in CCC and MC, especially for PR (All P <0.05). C-erbB-2 exhibited no expression pattern differences among the different histological types (All P >0.05), but exhibited higher positive expression in FIGO III and IV stages, whereas
there was no difference in ER and PR expression among the different stages. Higher PR expression was observed in middle and highly differentiated tumors, whereas higher C-erbB-2 expression was associated with low degree of differentiation (P <0.05). Patients with ER (+) PR (+) C-erbB-2
(?) had a better prognosis and patients with ER (?) PR (?) C-erbB-2 (+) had the worst prognosis. In conclusion, ER and PR tend to be highly expressed in less malignant ovarian cancer subtypes such as SC and EC. Ovarian cancer patients with ER/PR double-positive and C-erbB-2 negative expression
patterns survive longer.
Effects of Needle Flake Particles on Splitting Experiment of Asphalt Mixture: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Huanxin , Gu Xuan , He Zheng , Xu Lidan , Shi Mingfang
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the content and shape of needle flake particles on the meso-scale splitting test performance of asphalt mixture, a three-dimensional laser scanning method is used to build the needle and flake particle model, and then the particle
model is put into the numerical simulation software EDEM to establish the splitting experimental model. The influence of loading speed and model parameters on the experimental results is revealed by assigning macro and micro parameters to different particles. With calibrating the parameters
by Marshall experiment, the simulation experiment results after parameter adjustment are in good agreement with the experimental results in laboratory. The results show that the splitting experimental model can be established intuitively by means of using 3D discrete element modeling technology,
and the stress of each particle size in the loading process can be observed directly. The loading speed, the content of needle flake particles, the size of needle flake particles and the distance from the loading area all have a great influence on the experimental results.
Cardiac Troponin I Microfluidic Chip Driven by Adaptive Pressure
Authors: Xu Xingshang , Liu Yuan , Chen Zhu , Chen Hui , Deng Yan , Li Song , He Nongyue
Published: January 2021

To develop and design an adaptive microfluidic chip for accurate determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in whole blood sample and explore the operating parameters of the chip in detecting cTnI, in order to provide a novel strategy for the detection of cTnI, cTnI microfluidic chip
was prepared by injection moulding, and the improved polystyrene polymer was used as the chip substrate to construct a three-layer composite structure, namely the upper, middle, and lower layers. The antihuman troponin I antibody I/II was grafted onto the chip surface to construct the detection
reaction zone using UV-induced production of surface-active free radicals. The stability of the chip preparation process, the running performance of the chip, and the analytical performance of the whole blood samples were investigated. It was shown that I adaptive pressure-driven microfluidic
chip has the advantages of easy bonding, integration, and a simple and stable production process. In the actual detection and analysis, the chip has high selectivity for cTnI in whole blood, lower detection limit (0.054 ng/mL), and small difference between batches (RSD% 2.50%). Therefore,
the chip is assumed to provide novel strategy for the assessment of myocardial infarction by detecting cTnI.
CNRD v1.0: A High-Quality Natural Runoff Dataset for Hydrological and Climate Studies in China
Authors: Gou Jiaojiao , Miao Chiyuan , Samaniego Luis , Xiao Mu , Wu Jingwen , Guo Xiaoying
Published: January 2021

Reliable, spatiotemporally continuous runoff records are necessary for identifying climate change impacts and planning effective water management strategies. Existing Chinese runoff data to date have been produced from sparse, poor-quality gauge measurements at different time scales. We have developed a new, quality-controlled gridded runoff dataset, the China Natural Runoff Dataset version 1.0 (CNRD v1.0), which provides daily, monthly, and annual 0.25° runoff estimates for the period 1961–2018 over China. CNRD v1.0 was generated using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. A comprehensive parameter uncertainty analysis framework incorporating parameter sensitivity analysis, optimization, and regionalization with 200 natural or near-natural gauge catchments was used to train the VIC model. Overall, the results show well-calibrated parameters for most gauged catchments except arid and semiarid areas, and the skill scores present high values for all catchments. For the pseudo-/test-ungauged catchments, the model parameters estimated by the multiscale parameter regionalization technique offer the best regionalization solution. CNRD v1.0 is the first free public dataset of gridded natural runoff estimated using a comprehensive model parameter uncertainty analysis framework for China. These results indicate that CNRD v1.0 has high potential for application to long-term hydrological and climate studies in China and to improve international runoff databases for global-scale studies.
Detecting Rater Biases in Sparse Rater-Mediated Assessment Networks
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Ge Yuan
Published: January 2021

Practical constraints in rater-mediated assessments limit the availability of complete data. Instead, most scoring procedures include one or two ratings for each performance, with overlapping performances across raters or linking sets of multiple-choice items to facilitate model estimation. These incomplete scoring designs present challenges for detecting rater biases, or differential rater functioning (DRF). The purpose of this study is to illustrate and explore the sensitivity of DRF indices in realistic sparse rating designs that have been documented in the literature that include different types and levels of connectivity among raters and students. The results indicated that it is possible to detect DRF in sparse rating designs, but the sensitivity of DRF indices varies across designs. We consider the implications of our findings for practice related to monitoring raters in performance assessments.
Mitigating the psychologically detrimental effects of supervisor undermining: Joint effects of voice and political skill
Authors: Sun Shuhua , Burke Michael , Chen Huaizhong , Tan Yinliang (Ricky) , Zhang Jiantong , Hou Lili
Published: January 2021

It is of growing concern that supervisors sometimes engage in destructive leadership behavior to undermine their subordinates, which exacts a psychological toll on these employees. How can employees mitigate and overcome the adverse psychological effects of supervisor undermining? Invoking theories of personal agency and social competencies, this study addresses this important question by examining the effectiveness of employee voice in buffering the adverse effects of supervisor undermining on employee work-related well-being and turnover intention. Through a three-wave field study, we found that voice plays a buffering role in the relationship between supervisor undermining and these outcome variables only when employees possess high levels of political skill (i.e., three-way interactions), and that this buffering effect is realized through mitigating the adverse effects of supervisor undermining on employee psychological empowerment. In contrast, when employees possess low levels of political skill, engaging in high levels of voice exacerbates the detrimental effects of supervisor undermining on employee psychological empowerment, and subsequently decreases employee work-related well-being and heightens employee turnover intention. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
A Case for Improving Postal Security in the Department of Posts, India
Authors: Lobo Charles
Published: January 2021

The term ‘postal security’ as used here broadly refers to the measures taken by the Post Organization (Department or Company) for the safe transmission of letters and parcels of the customers from the origin to its destination. It refers to measures to protect letters and parcels from untrustworthy employees and other criminal elements. The safety and security of postal property can also be added under this definition. This article attempts to examine the postal security aspects from a narrow scope limited to the postal articles in transmission by post. It does not cover safety measures to protect postal property or banking frauds. The focus is on the customer and the protection of his consignments entrusted to the post office for transmission.
The impact of COVID-19 on development assistance
Authors: Brown Stephen
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign aid. Using examples from Canadian foreign aid, it argues that, despite the terrible toll it is exacting, the crisis has accelerated some significant positive pre-existing trends, both by destabilizing the perception of aid as flowing essentially from the Global North to Global South and by reinforcing awareness of the importance of joint efforts for global public goods and humanitarian assistance, as well as debt relief. However, it has also reinforced potentially harmful self-interested justifications for aid, which could align assistance more with donors’ priorities than the needs of the poor. An important trend reversal is the renewed emphasis on well-being. Two other crucial trends remain unclear—the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on multilateral approaches and on aid flows. How donors respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath over the next few years will depend on their political will, and will profoundly shape the future of development co-operation.
Is online education more welcomed during COVID-19? An empirical study of social impact theory on online tutoring platforms
Authors: Cao Jijuan , Yang Ting , Lai Ivan Ka Wai , Wu Jun
Published: January 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Online Tutoring Platforms (OTPs) have been applied extensively in education in China. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants that influence college students’ behavioural intention of using OTPs to acquire knowledge. This study also explores how students’ attitude change in using OTPs five months after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic based on a hierarchical component model which is combined by the Social Impact Theory (SIT) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Partial least squares (PLS) analysis is employed to analyse the data collected from 1133 students in Mainland China. The results of the analysis indicate that social impact consists of three dimensions (compliance, identification, internalization) significantly influences college students’ attitude toward OTPs and further affects college students’ behavioural intention toward OTPs usage. Furthermore, performance expectancy and effort expectancy also positively affect students’ behavioural intention toward using OTPs to acquire knowledge. This study makes several suggestions for universities to encourage students using OTPs to cope with the situation of Covid-19 pandemic and for educators to promote online tutoring for reforming universities in the future.
Psychiatric symptoms among migrants to Malaysia from the southernmost provinces of Thailand
Authors: Ford Kathleen , Jampaklay Aree , Chamatrithirong Aphichat
Published: January 2021

Aim:

The objective of this paper is to examine the level of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors among Thai migrants from the southernmost Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narithiwat who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons will be made with the sending population in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

Methods:

Data are drawn from survey and in-depth interviews with Thai migrants who are working in Malaysia. Comparisons are made with a probability sample of working age adults in Thailand. The twenty item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) was the measure of mental health.

Results:

The study found that the migrants, on average, have normal levels of psychiatric symptoms. However, although about 24% of migrants reported more eight or more symptoms that may indicate a need for evaluation. There are many stressors in their lives including distance from families, reduced social support, legal matters surrounding immigration, and discrimination/exploitation of migrant groups.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the need for policy makers and non-governmental organizations to give attention to migrants’ mental health, well-being and sustainable livelihoods.
The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic: the member states at a crossroads
Authors: Van Hecke Steven , Fuhr Harald , Wolfs Wouter
Published: January 2021

Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management.

Points for practitioners

As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints.
Nonprescription Stimulant Use at a Public University: Students’ Motives, Experiences, and Guilt
Authors: Cook Carley , Kurtz-Costes Beth , Burnett Marketa
Published: January 2021

We examined the use of nonmedical prescription stimulants (NPSs) among students ( N = 1,208) at a large public university in southeastern United States. After students who had been prescribed stimulants had been removed from the sample, 202 of the remaining 1,067 students (i.e., 18.9%) reported having engaged in NPS use in their lifetime. NPS use was strongly associated with membership in Greek societies and with binge drinking behavior. NPS users overwhelmingly reported engagement in NPS use for academic rather than for recreational purposes, and as anticipated, NPS users with academic motives reported stronger academic benefits than NPS users with social/recreational motives. Reports of guilt were low, and frequent users reported less guilt than infrequent users. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Deaths associated with wheelchairs
Authors: Byard Roger W
Published: January 2021

As lethal events associated with wheelchair use are poorly reported in the literature, a search was undertaken of the Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA), Australia, autopsy database over a 20-year period for all cases where individuals who were wheelchair bound were found dead either in or beside their chairs. There were 16 cases, ranging in age from 30 to 92 years ( M = 58.6 years) and with a male-to-female ratio of 9:7. There were six accidents that involved burns, asphyxia, a fall and impact with a vehicle; three suicides that involved drowning and asphyxia; a single homicide involving drowning; a single undetermined case; and five cases due to medical conditions such as cerebral palsy with choking, ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary thromboembolism. Individuals who use wheelchairs may die from a wide variety of both unnatural and natural causes. Wheelchair users may be predisposed to specific types of accidents because of significant underlying physical impairment or serious diseases that may limit their ability either to move away from danger or to perform self-rescues. Morbidity and mortality associated with underlying medical conditions may be contributed to by the structure, stability and motility of wheelchairs.
Effect of 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment on structure and adhesion properties of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate fibers
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Bingqian , Sheng Dan , Xia Honghui , Pan Heng , Wang Dongmei , Deng Bo , Cao Genyang
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the surface modification of thermotropic liquid crystal polyarylate (TLCP) fibers by 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment, specifically, whether it enhanced their interfacial adhesive properties. The surface chemical compositions and microstructures of both control and 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated TLCP fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, thermal, dyeing, and adhesion properties of both control and 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated fibers were compared by thermogravimetric analysis, colorimetry, and universal material testing system, respectively. The results indicated that 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment increased the surface-anchored oxygen atom amount: the oxygen to carbon atomic ratio at the surface of the TLCP fibers increased from 0.17 to 0.22. However, 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treatment showed almost no effect on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the TLCP fibers. The peeling strength of the 2-phenoxyethanol pre-treated TLCP fabric was around twice that of the control TLCP fabric.
The migration behavior of electrospun nanofibers within cotton slivers in roller drafting and their effects on composite yarn quality
Authors: Mao Ning , Qin Xiaohong , Wang Liming , Yu Jianyong
Published: January 2021

Functional electrospun nanofibers of composite yarns provide high extra value for their textile products. Whereas various functionalities have been developed, research on the formation mechanism of these composite yarns still lacks. Here, the migration behavior of two different electrospun nanofibers (polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polystyrene (PS)) within cotton slivers in roller drafting was demonstrated through a combination of mechanical and statistical methods. The accelerated point distribution of electrospun nanofibers during roller drafting was determined and the effect of these fibers on their yarn properties was evaluated. The results showed that electrospun fibers had a similar distribution to 15 mm tracer fiber under the small draft ratio, but when the ratio became larger, the accelerated points of electrospun fibers distributed more widely than all the tracer fibers. Furthermore, the addition of PAN electrospun nanofibers had a positive impact on their yarn quality whereas PS electropsun nanofibers had an adverse impact on the physical properties except breaking strength. At last, by analyzing the relationship between electrospun nanofiber content and drafting force, the electrospun fiber content should be controlled under 10 wt.% to guarantee high quality of composite yarns.
Functional assessment of biodegradable cotton nonwoven substrates permeated with spatial insect repellants for disposable applications
Authors: Hron Rebecca J. , Hinchliffe Doug J. , Cintrón Michael Santiago , Linthicum Kenneth J. , Condon Brian D.
Published: January 2021

Arboviral diseases and malaria transmitted by mosquitoes are major health concerns worldwide responsible for millions of deaths annually. Spatial repellents have been used as preventative measures via direct application to the skin or disposable devices worn outside of clothing. Naturally derived, plant-based repellents are safe, effective alternatives to synthetic repellents and may be applied to disposable substrates including adhesive patches. Many disposables are composed of synthetic petrochemical-based polyester and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics, contributing to growing concern surrounding microplastic pollution. Sustainable and biodegradable substrates including those made from cotton are cost effective and environmentally friendly. Therefore, we explored the utilization of cotton-based substrates for the application of natural spatial and synthetic contact insect repellents. Cotton fibers used in the study were commercially available greige cotton, scoured and bleached greige cotton and reginned greige cotton motes, a value-added byproduct of the ginning process. Synthetic polyester and polypropylene were used for comparison. Thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) in combination with modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) were used to discern vaporization properties of repellents from the substrates. Retention times of repellents on the substrates were analyzed using a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy–focal plane array detector and compared with the TG/DTG and mDSC data. Mosquito landing assays confirmed the feasibility of using cotton-based substrates treated with plant-based spatial repellents as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic materials.
Impact of point-of-care ultrasound on the diagnosis and treatment of patients in rural Uganda
Authors: Baker Daniel E , Nolting Laura , Brown Heather A
Published: January 2021

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Ultrasound is increasingly used by physicians at the bedside to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions and is particularly useful in the resource-limited setting. The purpose of this study was to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by physicians changed the diagnosis or treatment of patients in mobile clinics in rural Uganda. Patients presenting to mobile clinics in Uganda were assessed by physicians and, when appropriate, POCUS was performed. When available, a radiologist reviewed ultrasound images in real time. A de-identified questionnaire was completed for each ultrasound and reviewed retrospectively. A total of 177 ultrasounds were performed. A radiologist reviewed 50% of the ultrasounds. In 73% of patients, the findings either confirmed (50%) or changed (23%) a diagnosis. In 53% of patients, the ultrasound findings changed the treatment plan. POCUS positively impacted patient care in rural Ugandan clinics by improving diagnostic capabilities and influencing treatment plans.
Fear and Pride Among Fighter Pilots: Combat Emotions During a Bombing Campaign
Authors: Moldjord Christian , Fredriksen Paal Kristian , Browning Larry D.
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the combat emotions of Royal Norwegian Air Force Fighter pilots (hereafter RNoAF) during their bombing campaign over Libya in 2011. Using grounded theory in our interviews with them, we identified 12 categories of their emotions and behaviors, with variations in pride and fear emerging as the two key themes. We show how those two emotions thread through the literature of emotions in combat, and show further how our data, and the resulting matrix from an analysis of it, both apply to and extend that literature. We also show how the high and low variations of pride and fear interact to both support and counter each other. Our findings thus make an important contribution to the combat emotions literature on the action and behavior of fighter pilots.
Adolescent Transitions in Self-Management Strategies and Young Adult Alcohol Use
Authors: Griffin Kenneth W. , Scheier Lawrence M. , Komarc Martin , Botvin Gilbert J.
Published: January 2021

Individuals use a variety of strategies to manage their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors across the lifespan. In this study, we used latent class analysis to derive distinct subtypes of self-management skills in early adolescence and latent transition analysis to examine whether movement between different classes was associated with later young adult alcohol use. Assessments of behavioral self-control, affective self-regulation, and cognitive self-reinforcement were obtained in the seventh and 10th grades from students participating in two independent drug prevention trials (control group participants only, N = 3,939). Assessment of alcohol use was obtained when participants were young adults (23–26). A model distinguishing four subtypes of self-management skills fit best for both the seventh and 10th grades. While findings indicated modest stability in class structure over time, maintaining class membership characterized by high cognitive self-reinforcement and high affective self-regulation was consistently protective in terms of young adult alcohol use relative to movement from this to other classes. Transitions in class membership involving an expansion of self-management strategies were protective and associated with lower levels of young adult alcohol use and transitions involving a contraction of self-management strategies associated with higher young adult alcohol use. This study illustrates the important use of person-centered techniques to exemplify how typologies of self-management during adolescence can play a protective role in young adult alcohol use.
Immunology and Pathology in Ocular Drug Development
Authors: Ramos Meg Ferrell , Brassard Jacqueline , Masli Sharmila
Published: January 2021

Clear vision is dependent on features that protect the anatomical integrity of the eye (cornea and sclera) and those that contribute to internal ocular homeostasis by conferring hemangiogenic (avascular tissues and antiangiogenic factors), lymphangiogenic (lack of draining lymphatics), and immunologic (tight junctions that form blood–ocular barriers, immunosuppressive cells, and modulators) privileges. The later examples are necessary components that enable the eye to maintain an immunosuppressive environment that responds to foreign invaders in a deviated manner, minimizing destructive inflammation that would impair vision. These conditions allowed for the observations made by Medawar, in 1948, of delayed rejection of allogenic tissue grafts in the anterior chamber of mouse eye and permit the sequestration of foreign invaders (eg, Toxoplasma gondii) within the retina of healthy individuals. Yet successful development of intraocular drugs (biologics and delivery devices) has been stymied by adverse ocular pathology, much of which is driven by immune pathways. The eye can be intolerant of foreign protein irrespective of delivery route, and endogenous ocular cells have remarkable plasticity when recruited to preserve visual function. This article provides a review of current understanding of ocular immunology and the potential role of immune mechanisms in pathology observed with intraocular drug delivery.