bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative evaluation of internet information on hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Anderson KJ , Walker RJ , Lynch JM , Middleton RG
Published: July 2023

Background

Hip and knee arthritis are two of the most common conditions that result in referral to orthopaedic outpatient clinics. Many patients now use the internet to research their condition and to inform their decision about treatment options. This has implications for the process of informed consent.

Aim

To assess the quality of patient information on the internet regarding hip and knee arthritis.

Methods

‘Hip arthritis’ and ‘Knee arthritis’ were entered as search terms into a popular search engine. To adjust for temporal variation, the process was repeated one month and one year later. Of the 200 results analysed, 83 websites met the inclusion criteria. The quality of patient information presented on these websites was assessed using a validated scoring instrument by two independent observers.

Results

Most websites assessed were of poor quality; nearly half of all websites did not mention any risks or complications associated with surgical intervention for these conditions.

Conclusions

As part of their professional obligation to provide a robust process of informed consent, clinicians should be aware of the variable quality of patient information available on the internet. As such, they should be prepared to advise their patients about quality websites where reliable information can be sought.
Algunos secretos del canto y su enseñanza
Authors: Lirio Pilar
Published: July 2023

La expresión artística del canto supone la combinación entre lenguaje, voz y música. El canto comparte con el habla los mismos sistemas de producción de sonidos; así pues, teóricamente, si se puede hablar, se puede cantar. Sin embargo, se suele considerar como una actividad reservada solo a ciertas personas con unas determinadas cualidades innatas. Es importante favorecer el aprendizaje de esta actividad para que cada vez más personas puedan disfrutar de su práctica, ya que el canto manifiesta tener notables efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud física y socio-emocional. El estudio tanto de las diferencias anatómicas, lingüísticas y motoras entre el habla y el canto, como de las existentes entre los tipos de canto, sus estilos y los grados de dificultad puede suponer una valiosa herramienta para ofrecer otros puntos de vista sobre esta cuestión y así incentivar y facilitar el acceso esta actividad.
Emily Dickinson, Poets' Poet: First Versions in Spanish (Juan Ramón Jiménez, Gilberto Owen, Ernestina de Champourcin)
Authors: Gutiérrez Rosa García
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This paper focuses on the first three Spanish versions of Dickinson's poetry. They were linked from the start, as the cult of the poet was passed on by word of mouth in the Spanish-speaking world, like a secret sap that brought together those who fed on it. Dickinson's first translator was the Spanish poet Juan Ramón Jiménez, who included versions of three of her poems in his Diario de un poeta recién casado ( Diary of a Newlywed Poet , 1917). It was through Jiménez that Dickinson became known to the Mexican poet Gilberto Owen, who would publish his own translations in 1934 in the cultural supplement of the newspaper El Tiempo in Bogotá, and to the Spanish poet Ernestina de Champourcin, the author of the first selection of Dickinson's poems published as an independent volume ( Obra escogida [ Selected Work s], 1945), in collaboration with Juan José Domenchina. These translations are marked by the fact that their three authors are poets; rather than being a professional exercise, they are the result of an intimate dialogue, an homage, or even a strategy by means of which Jiménez, Owen, and Champourcin attempted to revive in their own voices the singular emotion aroused by such a different poet.
Anselm and the Problem of Ostending God
Authors: Engelland Chad
Published: July 2023

abstract: Kripke raises the question concerning how the reference to God might be fixed, and Augustine makes it the leading question of the Confessions : How can I call upon God and not someone else instead? In this paper, I argue that this question is the central concern of Anselm's Proslogion , which explicitly adopts the dialogical form of Augustine's Confessions . Anselm does not define God but instead fixes the reference to God through an ostension or indexical description. The same linguistic formulation, "God is that than which nothing greater can be thought," has three functions: as an ostension, it points out God as that being and not another; as a criterion for selection, it ostensibly picks out a referent that exists rather than not; finally, as a rule for analysis, it provides a principle to clarify the necessary properties of the God that has been so ostended.
Hegel's End of Art and the Artwork as an Internally Purposive Whole
Authors: Gentry Gerad
Published: July 2023

abstract: Hegel's end-of-art thesis is arguably the most notorious assertion in aesthetics. I outline traditional interpretive strategies before offering an original alternative to these. I develop a conception of art that facilitates a reading of Hegel on which he is able to embrace three seemingly contradictory theses about art, namely, (i) the end-of-art thesis, (ii) the continued significance of art for its own sake (autonomy thesis), and (iii) the necessity of art for robust knowledge (epistemicnecessity thesis). I argue that Hegel is able to embrace all three theses at once through a conception of the work of art as an internally purposive whole (what I call the "IP View" of art). On the IP View, because of the kind of wholes that artworks are, they (i.a) are valuable for their own sake as ends-in-themselves, (i.b) yield valuable experiences because they are valuable for their own sake, and thereby (i.c) are necessary for robust knowledge. Finally, I suggest that not only does Hegel appear to hold the IP View of art, but also that on such a view, there is a very sensible reason for affirming (one reading of) Hegel's end-of-art thesis as an important means to establishing art's actual significance for robust knowledge against soaring, but unsubstantiable, claims about art's potency with respect to robust knowledge.
Tracing variation in Old Chinese: What, if anything, was "yǎyán 雅言"?
Authors: Behr Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Based on the single pre-Qin attestation of the compound yǎyán 雅言 in the Confucian Analects ( Lúnyǔ 論語 7.18) the idea of a normative spoken standard language is often projected back by early modern and modern authors into remote pre-imperial antiquity. An overview of the conceptual history of the term and of the competing etymologies of yǎ in early Chinese texts is offered in order to problematize this "invented tradition" and its ideological baggage. Four types of evidence (uniformity of phonology and syntax in excavated texts, ode citation practices, phonophoric repair by double phonophoric characters, lexical variation) are then presented and their usefulness to support an early written standard of elite intercommunication is discussed. Straightforward creolization and mixed language accounting for the emergence of Old Chinese are rejected. Instead, a scenario of interrupted language transmission in a highly diverse linguistic Sprachbund area is sketched and argued to best account for the observed asymmetries between a high degree of early lexical and orthographical variation (including substrate influences) on the one hand, and phonological and syntactic uniformity of texts from geographically diverse areas on the other. 摘要: 有鑑於《論語》中「雅言」一詞僅見於先秦文獻記載中，現當代學者 往往將規範性標準語言此一觀念投射至上古時期。本文從「雅言」一 詞的概念史切入，綜述中國古代文獻中「雅」字的競爭性詞義，進而 對此「被發明的傳統」及其意識形態背景提出質疑。文中列舉了四種 證據類型，即各地出土文獻音系和句法的一致性、賦詩和引詩現象、 重聲字所反映的修復過程、詞彙的層次性，並探討了其對早期貴族之 間交流通用語所發揮的正面作用。筆者認為古漢語之形成無法與「克 里奧爾」或「混合語言」相提並論，將之視為語言聯盟中語言傳播中 斷下的產物，從而有效地解釋古漢語中所見的不對稱現象，例如：早 期詞彙（包括地層語）和文字系統之間存在明顯的地域性差異，但各 地出土文獻的語法和音位系統卻具有穩定的一致性。
Guttural fricatives and initial *w- in common Mǐn
Authors: Coblin W. South
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: In his earlier Proto-Mǐn reconstructed phonological system the late Professor Jerry Norman posited three guttural fricative initials, i.e., *x-,*h-, and *-h-. In early unpublished manuscripts dealing with this system, *x- was classed as velar, while *h- and *-h- were described as laryngeals. Initial *x- was characterized as voiceless and *h- and *-h- as voiced. In Norman (1974), however, *h- was transcribed as phonetic [ɣ], a voiced velar (rather than laryngeal) fricative, while *-h- was interpreted as [ɦ], a voiced laryngeal. In his much more recent Common Mǐn system, as represented in certain of his final dialectological publications and posthumous papers, Norman posited one voiceless velar fricative, *x-, and two laryngeals, *h-, and *ɦ-, the former voiceless and the latter voiced. Additionally, he reconstructed a rounded semivowel, Common Mǐn *w-, which had not been explicitly mentioned in his published presentations of Proto-Mǐn but was posited without comment in manuscript materials in a single word, i.e., huáng 黃 "yellow". In the Common Mǐn system, on the other hand, this *w- plays a more prominent role and is also associated with the guttural fricatives in certain ways. The purpose of the present paper is to exemplify and compare Norman's new Common Mǐn *x-, *h-, *ɦ-, and *w-. 摘要: 上個世紀七八十年代之間，羅杰瑞先生構擬了眾所週知的"原始閩音" 系統。此系統含有三個口腔後的擦音聲母，即是*x-、*h-、*-h-。*x- 是清舌根音，而 *h- 與 *-h- 是濁喉音。在其 1974 年的一篇文章中， *h- 則轉寫為[ɣ]，濁舌根擦音，*-h- 為濁喉擦音 [ɦ]。到了九十年代晚 年，羅先生又進一步重建了一種新的閩音系統，稱之為"共同閩音"。 從那時起，共同閩音在羅先生的著作裡完全取代了之前的原始閩音。 共同閩音系統含有一個清舌根擦音*x-，以及兩個濁喉擦音：*h- 與 *ɦ-。 不過，除此之外還有一個半元音*w-，與*x-、*h-、*ɦ- 三個口腔後擦 音有非常密切的關係。這四個聲母之間的互相作用和影響都相當複雜， 與原始閩音系統裡的口腔後聲母的對應模式迥異。本文的目的即是探 討這四個共同閩音的聲母及其互相之間的關係。
Alignment with a combination of deflectometry and the sine condition test: publisher’s note
Authors: Yoo Hyemin , Dubin Matthew
Published: July 2023

This publisher’s note reports corrections to Appl. Opt.
62, 1677 (2023)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.475915.
Heterodyne coherent detection of phase modulation in a mid-infrared unipolar device
Authors: Dely Hamza , Chomet Baptiste , Bonazzi Thomas , Gacemi Djamal , Vasanelli Angela , Evirgen Axel , Lopez Olivier , Darquié Benot , Kapsalidis Filippos , Faist Jérme , Sirtori Carlo
Published: July 2023

Phase modulation is demonstrated in a quantum Stark effect modulator designed to operate in the mid-infrared at wavelength around 10 µm. Both phase and amplitude modulation are simultaneously resolved through the measurement of the heterodyne signal arising from the beating of a quantum cascade laser with a highly stabilized frequency comb. The highest measured phase shift is more than 5 degrees with an associated intensity modulation of 5 %. The experimental results are in full agreement with our model in which the complex susceptibility is precisely described considering the linear voltage dependent Stark shift of the optical resonance.
Energy focusability of spatial incoherent beam combining for pulse laser propagation in marine atmosphere
Authors: Liu Xiangyuan , He Rui , Sun Huojiao , Liu Dandan , Yuan Hao , Tang Ke
Published: July 2023

In this study, we have deduced the generalized scintillation index of the plane wave and plane wave structure function based on the modified non-Kolmogorov power spectrum of atmospheric refractive index with the spectrum power index α. In addition, we have analyzed the fluctuation of atmospheric density due to thermal blooming. Based on the interaction of six beams in thermal blooming, the thermal phase screening and intensity distribution are simulated. Under the influence of atmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming, the six-beam combination is then simulated numerically to obtain the equivalent radius with long exposure (R
L
), power in the bucket (PIB), Strehl ratio (SR), and peak value of intensity (I
p
). Results show that PIB, I
p
, and SR of the pulse beam combination decrease with an increase in α; however, R
L
operates in reverse mode and the short pulse durations reduce the thermal blooming. Moreover, laser of short duration cannot generate high ring energy on the target.
Highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by a femtosecond laser
Authors: Mumtaz Farhan , Tekle Hanok , Zhang Bohong , Smith Jeffrey D. , O’Malley Ronald J. , Huang Jie
Published: July 2023

This Letter reports an innovative technique for fabricating large-scale, highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using a femtosecond laser-assisted point-by-point inscription method. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, this study successfully demonstrates a distributed array of 10 FBGs within highly multimode sapphire crystal fiber, made possible by employing a high-power laser technique to generate larger reflectors with a Gaussian intensity profile. These first-order FBGs offer advantages such as enhanced reflectivity, shorter fabrication time, and simplified spectral characteristics, making them easier to interpret compared with high-order FBGs. The FBGs’ resilience and effectiveness are analyzed by subjecting them to temperature tests, proving their capacity for accurate temperature monitoring up to 1500°C—a testament to their suitability for harsh environments. This novel approach broadens the scope for sensing and communication applications in sapphire fibers, particularly under challenging conditions. The novelty of our work lies in successfully overcoming the limitations of previous designs by integrating a cascade of 10 FBGs in sapphire fibers, thereby enhancing multiplexing capabilities, minimizing overlapping of FBG peaks, and ensuring reliable temperature monitoring in industries and applications with thermal gradients.
High-peak-power optically pumped passively mode-locked semiconductor laser with minimal components
Authors: Hsu Y. H. , Cheng P. W. , Lin S. Q. , Liang H. C. , Huang K. F. , Chen Y. F.
Published: July 2023

A high-peak-power sub-500-fs mode-locked optically pumped semiconductor laser is innovatively developed with only three components of a semiconductor gain chip, a semiconductor saturable absorber, and a focusing lens. The developed laser near the threshold pump power of 3.9 W can be operated with stable fundamental mode locking. The laser output can be naturally turned into the stable harmonic mode locking (HML) with the order gradually changing from 2nd to 8th by increasing the pump power from 4.0 W to 5.0 W. Due to the onset of the high-order transverse modes, the order of HML is fixed at 8th for a pump power greater than 5.0 W. For the HML with order less than 8th, the overall peak power and pulse width in the HML are approximately 0.36 kW and 550 fs, respectively. In the operation of 8th-order HML, the minimum pulse width and maximum peak power can reach 480 fs and 0.95 kW, respectively.
An emerging field: An evaluation of biomedical graduate student and postdoctoral education and training research across seven decades
Authors: Van Wart Audra , Djorić Dušanka , D’Silva Natalie M. , Layton Rebekah , Hardy LaKeya , Suelzer Elizabeth , Tetzlaff Julie E.
Published: July 2023

Biomedical graduate student and postdoctoral education and training research has expanded greatly over the last seven decades, leading to increased publications and the emergence of a field. The goal of this study was to analyze this growth by performing a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis using a systematic approach to better understand the publishing trends (including historical vs. emerging themes and research priorities); depth, structure, and evidence-basis of content; and venues for publication. The analysis documented a dramatic increase in biomedical trainee-related publications over time and showed that this area of research is maturing into its own independent field. Results demonstrated that the most frequently published article types in this field are shorter editorial and opinion pieces, and that evidence-based articles are less numerous. However, if current trends continue, projections indicate that by the year 2035, evidence-based articles will be the dominating article type published in this field. Most frequently published topics included career outcomes and workforce characterization and professional development. In recent years, the most cited articles were publications focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion, career outcomes and workforce characterization, and wellness. This study also shows that although a small subset of journals publishes most of this literature, publications are distributed diffusely across a wide range of journals and that surprisingly 68% of these journals have published only a single article on the topic. Further, we noted that the assignment of author- and index-supplied keywords was variable and inconsistent and speculate that this could create challenges to conducting comprehensive literature searches. Recommendations to address this include establishing standard keyword assignment criteria and proposing new index-supplied keywords to improve accessibility of research findings. These changes will be important for bringing visibility of this literature to our community, institutional leaders, national trainee organizations, and funding agencies.
Timing and intensity of heat and drought stress determine wheat yield losses in Germany
Authors: Riedesel Ludwig , Möller Markus , Horney Peter , Golla Burkhard , Piepho Hans-Peter , Kautz Timo , Feike Til
Published: July 2023

Crop yields are increasingly affected by climate change-induced weather extremes in Germany. However, there is still little knowledge of the specific crop-climate relations and respective heat and drought stress-induced yield losses. Therefore, we configure weather indices (WIs) that differ in the timing and intensity of heat and drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We construct these WIs using gridded weather and phenology time series data from 1995 to 2019 and aggregate them with Germany-wide municipality level on-farm wheat yield data. We statistically analyze the WI’s explanatory power and region-specific effect size for wheat yield using linear mixed models. We found the highest explanatory power during the stem elongation and booting phase under moderate drought stress and during the reproductive phase under moderate heat stress. Furthermore, we observed the highest average yield losses due to moderate and extreme heat stress during the reproductive phase. The highest heat and drought stress-induced yield losses were observed in Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, and northern Bavaria, while similar heat and drought stresses cause much lower yield losses in other regions of Germany.
Endotoxin induced acute kidney injury modulates expression of AQP1, P53 and P21 in rat kidney, heart, lung and small intestine
Authors: Lv Wuyang , Xue Longge , liang Lei , Liu Dongyang , Li Cuicui , Liao Jia , Jin Yingyu
Published: July 2023

This study was designed to explore whether aquaporin 1(AQP1), P53 and P21 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and potential indicators of sepsis-induced multiple organ injury. Bioinformatics results demonstrated that AQP1, P53, P21 was dramatically elevated 6h after Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-AKI in rat renal tissue. The expression of AQP1, P53, P21, NGAL and KIM-1 in kidney were increased significantly at first and then decreased gradually in LPS-induced AKI rats. Histopathological sections showed swelling of tubular epithelial cells and destruction of basic structures as well as infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells in LPS-induced AKI. Moreover, the expressions of AQP1, P53 and P21 in heart were significantly increased in LPS treatment rats, while the AQP1 expressions in lung and small intestine were significantly decreased. The level of NGAL mRNA in heart, lung and small intestine was firstly increased and then decreased during LPS treatment rats, but the expression of KIM-1 mRNA was not affected. Therefore, our results suggest that AQP1, P53 and P21 is remarkably upregulated in LPS-induced AKI, which may be considered as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker of Septic AKI. NGAL may serve as a biomarker of sepsis-induced multiple organ damage during the process of LPS-induced AKI.
Performance of cotton expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 insecticidal proteins against Helicoverpa armigera, H. zea and their hybrid progeny, and evidence of reduced susceptibility of a field population of H. zea to Cry1 and Vip3Aa in Brazil
Authors: Marques Luiz H. , Ishizuka Tamylin K. , Pereira Renata R. , Istchuk Ademar N. , Rossetto Jaedino , Moscardini Valeria F. , e Silva Oscar A. N. B. , Santos Antonio C. , Nowatzki Timothy , Dahmer Mark L. , Sethi Amit , Storer Nicholas P. , Gontijo Pablo C. , Netto Jacob C. , Weschenfelder Marlon A. G. , de Almeida Poliana G. , Bernardi Oderlei
Published: July 2023

The genetically modified cotton DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been cultivated in Brazil since the 2020/2021 season. Here, we assessed the performance of DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton expressing Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19 against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and their hybrid progeny. We also carried out evaluations with DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 cotton containing Cry1Ac and Cry1F. In leaf-disk bioassays, DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 was effective in controlling neonates from laboratory colonies of H. armigera, H. zea and the hybrid progeny (71.9%–100% mortality). On floral bud bioassays using L2 larvae, H. zea presented complete mortality, whereas H. armigera and the hybrid progeny showed <55% mortality. On DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 cotton, the mortality of H. armigera on leaf-disk and floral buds ranged from 60% to 73%, whereas mortality of hybrids was <46%. This Bt cotton caused complete mortality of H. zea larvae from a laboratory colony in the early growth stages, but mortalities were <55% on advanced growth stages and on floral buds. In field studies conducted from 2014 to 2019, DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton was also effective at protecting plants against H. armigera. In contrast, a population of H. zea collected in western Bahia in 2021/2022 on Bt cotton expressing Cry1 and Vip3Aa proteins, showed 63% mortality after 30 d, with insects developing into fifth and sixth instars, on DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton. We conclude that H. armigera, H. zea, and their hybrid progeny can be managed with DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton; however we found the first evidence in Brazil of a significant reduction in the susceptibility to DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton of a population of H. zea collected from Bt cotton in Bahia in 2021/2022.
Discussing blockchain applications in TED Talks: A fashion wave approach to understanding the blockchain phenomenon
Authors: Bonazzi Riccardo , Gautschi Heidi , Viscusi Gianluigi
Published: July 2023

Since its first appearance as the infrastructure supporting Bitcoin, blockchain has received different waves of attention from practitioners and academics. Besides the degree of interest, the attention to blockchain has often focused not merely on its own potential and characteristics but on its applications field. However, looking at its application and deployment in domains other than cryptocurrency or the nascent non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain technology does not seem to be widely adopted or is still in its early stages. Given this, we are interested in how managers and the general public are informed about new technology other than through academic papers or the specialized press. In this paper, we analyze how blockchain has been presented by speakers invited to give TED and TEDx Talks to identify the most common terms used to present blockchain in these talks using a multi-methods approach (qualitative analysis and big data analysis) and see if the discourse surrounding blockchain has shifted over time. The results of this study show how the different perspectives brought by broadcasters like TED often overshadow a technological innovation like the blockchain in its evolution and application by the fact that the focus is instead shifted to products and services built on it. Also, this study shows how different degrees of attention and expertise are associated with each fashion wave of new or emergent technology innovations.
Surging trends of infertility and its behavioural determinants in India
Authors: Kundu Sampurna , Ali Balhasan , Dhillon Preeti
Published: July 2023

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised infertility as a public health issue. Although biological factors are considered to be the primary cause, factors like social, health, and lifestyle factors can all have an adverse effect on a couple’s ability to reproduce. The study aimed to comprehend the infertility scenario in India and explore some of the potential causes. The study used standard demographic definitions and four rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) from 1992–1993 to 2015–16 to estimate the levels of primary and secondary infertility in India. Bivariate analysis, the t-test, and the Chi-square test were applied to capture significant changes in infertility over time. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to understand the extent of infertility among Indian couples from various socioeconomic groups, lifestyle levels, and reproductive behaviour in 2015–16. Primary infertility declined steadily from 1992 to 2015, whereas secondary infertility increased from 19.5% in 1992–93 to 28.6% in 2015–16. This trend is related to declining fertility rates, particularly in India’s southern states. Age at marriage, biological factors, and lifestyle factors were all strongly linked to infertility. People with higher education levels and late marriages were more likely to experience primary infertility. Alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and noncommunicable disease are all strongly linked to secondary infertility. Our study has policy implications, and we draw attention to alarming infertility in India, which has gone unnoticed due to large population. We suggests enhancing the current health and reproductive programmes, educating people about improving their lifestyle choices and sexual behaviour, and calling attention to a significant shift in fertility dynamics.
How innovation funding leads enterprises to engage in research and development: Small and medium enterprises’ perspective
Authors: Sun Hui , Yang Xiaocong , Tang Xuan , Peng Fei
Published: July 2023

Technology-based small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the driving force behind China’s economic and technological development. However, these enterprises often face challenges in financing their research and development (R&D) activities due to limited financing opportunities. Previous research has primarily focused on the resource attributes of government innovation subsidies, which serve as a crucial funding source for these SMEs. This paper aims to explore the impact of government innovation subsidies on firms from a novel perspective, considering the signaling characteristics of these subsidies. The theoretical foundation of this study lies in the asymmetric information theory and the signaling mechanism through which government subsidies send signals about enterprises. The study uses enterprise data from 2012 to 2019 to investigate the effect of government subsidies on the R&D investment of enterprises listed on the SMEs Board in Chinese stock market. The results reveal a significantly positive effect of government subsidies on the R&D investment of SME Board–listed enterprises and verify the mediating role of financing constraints in this effect. The extent to which government subsidies influence the R&D investment of SME Board–listed enterprises is associated with the enterprises’ ownership characteristics, debt ratios, and times interest earned ratios. This study contributes to the literature on the SMEs Board market and may provide the Chinese government insights into developing industry policies that maximize the effectiveness of government subsidies.
Automatic Drought Tolerance Measurement of the Soil-Living Microarthropod, Folsomia Candida
Authors: Sipőcz László , Ittzés András , Dombos Miklós
Published: July 2023

Soil is a complex habitat where microarthropods, such as mites (Acari) and springtails (Collembola) species occur in high number and species diversity. Microarthropods play an essential role in organic matter decomposition and provide an important ecosystem service in soil. The soil-dwelling microarthropods are sensitive to environmental changes; therefore, their ecological characteristics are used to evaluate soil conditions. In modern environmental ecology, several species are involved in assessing the ecological consequences of drought periods. The growth rate is a standard sublethal parameter by which the body size of individuals is measured. Extracting microarthropods from the soil is difficult and time-consuming, requiring a high amount of human resources. Only a few samples can be processed due to laboratory limitations and high costs. However, nowadays the rapidly developing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies promise new opportunities in many research areas.

Data on soil-dwelling microarthropods could be collected quickly and automatically using our new digital soil extractor device, the Edapholog, equipped with image analysis based on AI. This device recognizes living individuals, classifies them, and measures their body length automatically. Using this system, the growth and reproductive success of various species in the same experimental culture could be rapidly and simultaneously monitored. In this study, we aimed to analyse the applicability of the Edapholog for measuring the body size of Collembola species and Folsomia candida through a set of drought tolerance tests with three soil moisture treatment levels. Moisture content was set based on the maximum water holding capacity (Wmax) of the soil applied. The three levels were set to Wmax:35%, 40%, and 50%. Furthermore, we aimed to test the reliability of the detection and recognition of the species and the accuracy and reliability of the automatic body size measurement of individuals.

Significant correlation (r= 0.94) exists between the automatically and manually measured body sizes. Although the different soil moisture treatments did not show marked differences in the collembolan body sizes between the moisture treatments, we found a significant difference in the reproduction rates between W50 and the other two (W35 and W40) treated groups. The Edapholog can greatly contribute to quick and precise data extraction and can have vast applicability in environmental ecology.
The Importance of Protein Fingerprints in Bacterial Identification
Authors: Haider Ali , Ringer Marianna , Kotroczó Zsolt , Mohácsi-Farkas Csilla , Kocsis Tamás
Published: July 2023

The available literary sources suggest the general applicability and benefits of the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of microbiological identification including food quality and safety, and the clinical field. Due to its high reliability, MALDI-TOF might generally be the alternative to the sequence-based and serological-based methods. The essence of the technique is to map the unique protein pattern of microbes that contributes to characterizing a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. On the other hand, these applications only have reliable results under certain conditions (homogeneous infection, adequate cell count, appropriate separation technique). In this review, we focused on the application of MALDI-TOF MS for the environmental field where it has significant potential in the identification, differentiation, and categorization of environmental samples which includes (soil, water, and air), furthermore, some challenges, especially in case of the extreme conditions environment and summarize developments that have been enabled for routine application in the field of environment.
Cervical Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Arising From Gastric Inlet Patch: A Benign Lesion With Malignant Potential
Authors: Abdul-Baki Kian , Pavurala Ravi , Salim Hamza , Menon Raakhi , Bigham Lindsay , Thaker Harshwardhan , Reep Gabriel , Parupudi Sreeram
Published: July 2023

Proximal esophageal adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. A gastric inlet patch is a lesion of ectopic gastric mucosa usually found in the cervical esophagus and is considered an incidental finding, but there is a risk for malignant transformation. We report the case of a 50-year-old male with gastroesophageal reflux disease with a 6-month history of progressive dysphagia and 20-pound weight loss. Upper endoscopy showed a malignant stricture with adjacent gastric inlet patch. Biopsies obtained from endoscopic ultrasonography showed adenocarcinoma. This case re-emphasizes careful examination of ectopic gastric mucosa and to consider biopsy if there is suspicion for malignant transformation.
Ziel Klimaneutralität ‐ ein Leitfaden der Allianz Nachhaltige Universitäten in Österreich
Authors: Getzinger Günter , Thaler Joachim
Published: July 2023

Universitäten und Hochschulen haben gesellschaftliche Vorbildfunktion und sind aufgefordert, sich als Ziel zu setzen, 2030 klimaneutral zu sein. Der Leitfaden Schritt für Schritt zu klimaneutralen Universitäten und Hochschulen der Allianz Nachhaltige Universitäten
in Österreich enthält vier Empfehlungen, wie das Ziel erreicht werden kann.
Transforming a university campus into a sustainable energy district: Multi-criteria mapping of implementation options
Authors: Kriechbaum Michael , Katzer Nicolas , Getzinger Günter , Pabst Siegfried , Mach Thomas
Published: July 2023

Graz University of Technology’s largest campus shall be turned into a low-carbon energy district. We explore ways of transformation by using a deliberative multi-criteria approach, in order to “open up” stakeholder perspectives. The results shed light on discrepancies
among the participants: While they share doubt about carbon capture, utilization and storage, the experts differ widely in their assessments of other options. We conclude by outlining a strategy harmonizing divergent assumptions and expectations.Low-carbon energy districts are considered
to play important roles for achieving the ambitious climate targets set by the Paris Agreement. While such districts are expected to integrate all dimensions of sustainability, assessing their sustainability performance remains challenging. Against this background, we take multi-criteria
mapping (MCM), a deliberative and stakeholder-driven multi-criteria decision-making approach, to evaluate Graz University of Technology’s current efforts to turn its largest campus into a low-carbon energy district. Based on scoping interviews, a focus group, and eleven mapping sessions
with key stakeholders, nine core options were identified and assessed. By analyzing quantitative assessments and the specific criteria and argumentation patterns that underlie these assessments, our study “opens up” different perspectives on potential implementation options and
highlights the complex and contradictory nature of sustainable (energy) transformations at the district level. The study concludes with the suggestion of using future workshops to align diverging perspectives and expectations.
El teorema Modigliani-Miller: un análisis desde la estructura de capital mediante modelos Data Mining en pymes del sector comercio
Authors: López-Solís Oscar , Haro Sarango Alexander Fernando , Córdova-Pacheco Ana , Pérez-Briceño Juan
Published: July 2023

En el origen y evolución de las finanzas ha resultado oportuno alinear la teoría con la práctica, con el fin de  promover argumentos sólidos. Sin embargo, esta  perspectiva está lejos de ser aplicada, ya que es común que se empleen los aspectos prácticos sin adherir a su interpretación las hipótesis teóricas sobre la influencia, relación y asociatividad de los términos. En este sentido, este estudio se plantea como objetivo evaluar si el teorema Modigliani-Miller y sus supuestos son aplicables a las pymes pertenecientes al sector comercio del Ecuador. Para ello se usan dos etapas metodológicas. En primer lugar, se utilizan con modelos no supervisados mediante Partitioning Around Medoids, con el fin de clasificar y aumentar la homogeneidad en la interpretación de modelos. Y, en segundo lugar, se emplean modelos de interpretación lineal clasificados con el objeto de explicar la relación subyacente de los diversos indicadores con la estructura de capital. Con las iteraciones se puede concluir que la teoría que mayor adaptabilidad posee en este grupo de empresas es la del trade-off, la cual sugiere que sí existe una estructura adecuada, que resulta de la combinación de factores financieros.
Military Expenditure and Unemployment Nexus in Bangladesh
Authors: Hanif Abu , Salah Uddin Muhammad , Bakirtas Tahsin , Kader Sheikh Abdul
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of military expenditure on unemployment in Bangladesh, examining the cointegration among unemployment, military expenditure, and foreign direct investment. It also sheds light on the short and longrun dynamics of the variables under consideration. The study employs the ARDL bounds testing approach to investigate the cointegration among the variables using time series annual data from the period of 1990-2018. The dependant variable is unemployment and military expenditure and FDI are the independent variables. Thisresearch found a long run relationship among the variables. An increase in military expenditure significantly reduces unemployment in the short run, however, no significant long-run relationship is found. The higher FDI, the higher unemployment in the long run. This study contributes to fill the research gap regarding theimpact of military expenditure and FDI on unemployment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship among unemployment, military expenditure and FDI in Bangladesh using ARDL bounds testing approach with time series annual data.
El efecto moderador de la educación financiera en la relación entre las herramientas de toma de decisiones y los rendimientos de las acciones en el mercado secundario de acciones de la India
Authors: Isidore Renu , Arun C. Joe
Published: July 2023

La toma de decisiones en el complejo mercado de valores es una tarea exigente dada la enorme cantidad de información disponible y la amplia gama de técnicas de toma de decisiones disponibles. La educación financiera de los inversores juega un papel destacado para influir en su proceso de toma de decisiones. Aunque el mercado de valores indio es el tercero más grande de Asia, solo alrededor del 3% de sus hogares invierten en mercados de valores. El nivel de educación financiera del inversor indio debe evaluarse para que haya una mayor participación en el mercado de valores y se obtengan mayores rendimientos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto moderador de la educación financiera en la relación entre las herramientas de toma de decisiones y los rendimientos de las acciones obtenidos en el mercado secundario de acciones de la India. Las herramientas de toma de decisiones incluyen el análisis fundamental: (i) análisis económico, (ii) análisis de la industria, (iii) análisis de la empresa, (iv) análisis técnico y (v) recomendación deasesores. Los datos se recopilaron a través del método de encuesta de cuestionario y a través de una muestra válida de 436 cuestionarios, se probó la importancia del efecto moderador. Usando el complemento Process Macro en SPSS, se realizó el análisis de moderación. Los resultados revelan que la educación financiera solamente moderó la relación entre el análisis económico y los rendimientos de las acciones.
Online collaborative note-taking and discussion forums in flipped learning environments
Authors: Fanguy Mik , Costley Jamie , Almusharraf Norah , Almusharraf Asma
Published: July 2023

As the number of students learning in online and flipped contexts grows, an important question arises: to what extent is it necessary to have places or activities where students interact regarding course content? The present paper looked at three flipped learning environments: one with no online collaboration, one featuring an online discussion forum and one involving online collaborative note-taking. The subjects (N = 178) were all graduate students taking a flipped version of an English scientific writing class at a university in South Korea. The results show that students in the experimental conditions with online collaboration (collaborative note-taking and discussion forums) outperformed peers in the control condition (no online collaboration) on individual writing assignments. Furthermore, there was a benefit in the experimental condition with discussion forums regarding students’ group writing scores compared to the control group. These results show the value of implementing online student-to-student collaboration in flipped learning contexts and that both modes of collaboration tested herein add value to students’ learning.
Implications for practice or policy:

Incorporating online collaborative learning activities improves performance in flipped courses.
Using collaborative forums and collaborative note-taking provide similar benefits. and their implementation will improve the online portion of a flipped class.
Flipped classes generally include an online lecture component but should also feature online collaboration as well.
The fourth moment of Dirichlet L-functions along the critical line
Authors: Wu Xiaosheng
Published: July 2023

For a positive integer

q
≢

2

⁢

(

mod

⁢
4

)

{q\not\equiv 2~{}(\mathrm{mod}~{}4)}

, this work considers the fourth moment of Dirichlet L-functions averaged over both

t
∈

[
0
,
T
]

{t\in[0,T]}

and primitive characters modulo q. An asymptotic formula with a power saving from both the q-aspect and the t-aspect in the error term is obtained.
Spectrality of Cantor–Moran measures with three-element digit sets
Authors: Wang Cong , Yin Feng-Li , Zhang Min-Min
Published: July 2023

Let

0
<
ρ
<
1

{0<\rho<1}

and let

{

a
j

,

b
j

,

n
j

}

j
=
1

∞

{\{a_{j},b_{j},n_{j}\}_{j=1}^{\infty}}

be a sequence of positive integers with an upper bound. Associated with them, there exists a unique Borel probability measure

μ

ρ
,

{
0
,

a
j

,

b
j

}

,

{

n
j

}

{\mu_{\rho,\{0,a_{j},b_{j}\},\{n_{j}\}}}

generated by the following infinite convolution of discrete measures:

μ

ρ
,

{
0
,

a
j

,

b
j

}

,

{

n
j

}

=

δ

ρ

n
1

⁢

{
0
,

a
1

,

b
1

}

∗

δ

ρ

n
1

+

n
2

⁢

{
0
,

a
2

,

b
2

}

∗

δ

ρ

n
1

+

n
2

+

n
3

⁢

{
0
,

a
3

,

b
3

}

∗
⋯

,

\mu_{\rho,\{0,a_{j},b_{j}\},\{n_{j}\}}=\delta_{\rho^{n_{1}}\{0,a_{1},b_{1}\}}%
\ast\delta_{\rho^{n_{1}+n_{2}}\{0,a_{2},b_{2}\}}\ast\delta_{\rho^{n_{1}+n_{2}+%
n_{3}}\{0,a_{3},b_{3}\}}\ast\cdots,

where

gcd
⁡

(

a
j

,

b
j

)

=
1

{\gcd(a_{j},b_{j})=1}

for all

j
∈
ℕ

{j\in{\mathbb{N}}}

. In this paper, we show that

L
2

⁢

(

μ

ρ
,

{
0
,

a
j

,

b
j

}

,

{

n
j

}

)

{L^{2}(\mu_{\rho,\{0,a_{j},b_{j}\},\{n_{j}\}})}

admits an exponential orthonormal basis if and only if the following two conditions are satisfied: (i)

{

a
j

,

b
j

}

≡

{

±
1

}

⁢

(

mod

⁢
3

)

{\{a_{j},b_{j}\}\equiv\{\pm 1\}~{}(\mathrm{mod}~{}3)}

for all

j
≥
1

{j\geq 1}

; (ii) there exists a natural number r such that

ρ

-
r

∈

3
⁢
ℕ

{\rho^{-r}\in 3{\mathbb{N}}}

and

n
j

∈

r
⁢
ℕ

{n_{j}\in r{\mathbb{N}}}

for all

j
≥
2

{j\geq 2}

.
Twenty-four-color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Man , Fu Minjing , Gong Meiwei , Gao Yajing , Wang Aixian , Zhao Wei , Wu Xueying , Wang Hui
Published: July 2023

Full spectrum flow cytometry brings a breakthrough for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to explore the role of a new panel in MRD detection. We established a 24-color full-spectrum flow cytometry panel. A tube of 24-color antibodies included CD45, CD117, CD34, HLA-DR, CD15, CD64, CD14, CD11c, CD11b, CD13, CD33, CD371, CD7, CD56, CD19, CD4, CD2, CD123, CD200, CD38, CD96, CD71, CD36, and CD9. We discovered that when a tube meets 26 parameters (24 colors), these markers were not only limited to the observation of MRD in AML, but also could be used for fine clustering of bone marrow cells. Mast cells, basophils, myeloid dendritic cells, and plasmacoid dendritic cells were more clearly observed. In addition, immune checkpoint CD96 had the higher expression in CD117+ myeloid naive cells and CD56dimNK cells, while had the lower expression in CD56briNK cells in AML-MRD samples than in normal bone marrow samples. CD200 expression was remarkably enhanced in CD117+ myeloid naive cells, CD4+ T cells, T cells, activated T cells, CD56dimNK cells, and CD56briNK cells in AML-MRD samples. Our results can be used as important basis for auxiliary diagnosis, prognosis judgment, treatment guidance, and immune regulation in AML.
The role of lexical context and language experience in the perception of foreign-accented segments
Authors: Pérez-Ramón Rubén , García Lecumberri María Luisa , Cooke Martin
Published: July 2023

When faced with intelligibility problems, listeners resort to contextual information. The present study explores the use of lexical context by listeners when identifying segments with various degrees of foreign accent. Native English listeners identified words into which a single Spanish-accented segment from a 5-step continuum had been inserted. Listeners also identified vowel-consonant or consonant-vowel sequences containing the same accented segments. While lexical context helped, the lexical advantage was largely independent of degree of foreign accent, with a slight benefit only for the most accented consonants. To examine the influence of listeners’ first language on the usefulness of lexical context, a second experiment was carried out with Spanish, Japanese and Czech non-native listeners. As was the case for native listeners, there was little evidence that a lexical context helps more for foreign-accented than native segments. Normalised for word familiarity, overall non-native identification patterns were comparable to native listeners’ perceptions. Listeners’ first language phonetic inventory had an effect on identification levels, particularly in the case of vowels. Lexical context benefits for vowel identification can be explained by their generally less categorical processing, their realisational variability in English, and symbol mapping issues.