bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomics for investigating psychiatric disorders
Authors: Filiou Michaela D. , Turck Christoph W. , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel
Published: November 2010

The underlying pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains elusive. The use of quantitative proteomics to investigate disease‐specific protein signatures holds great promise to improve the understanding of psychiatric disorders and identify relevant biomarkers. In this review, we discuss quantitative proteomic approaches for elucidating molecular mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, i.e. anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, by studying specimens from animal models and patients. We present gel‐based, label‐free and stable isotope‐labeling methodologies and evaluate their strengths and limitations in the context of psychiatric research, with a focus on 15N metabolic labeling of live animals due to its increased accuracy and potential for future applications. We also review biomarker candidate validation methods and present quantitative proteomic studies from the literature that aim to disentangle the molecular pathobiology of psychiatric disorders and identify candidate biomarkers. Finally, we explore the applicability of implementing proteomic methods as a routine diagnostic tool in the clinical laboratory.
The stromal‐vascular fraction of adipose tissue contributes to major differences between subcutaneous and visceral fat depots
Authors: Peinado Juan R. , Jimenez‐Gomez Yolanda , Pulido Marina R. , Ortega‐Bellido Maria , Diaz‐Lopez Cesar , Padillo Francisco J. , Lopez‐Miranda Jose , Vazquez‐Martínez Rafael , Malagón María M.
Published: November 2010

This article was originally published in Proteomics 2010, 10, 3356–3366, DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000350
OCAM: A new tool for studying the oligomeric diversity of MscL channels
Authors: Gandhi Chris S. , Walton Troy A. , Rees Douglas C.
Published: November 2010

We have developed a new technique to study the oligomeric state of proteins in solution. OCAM or Oligomer Characterization by Addition of Mass counts protein subunits by selectively shaving a protein mass tag added to a protein subunit via a short peptide linker. Cleavage of each mass tag reduces the total mass of the protein complex by a fixed amount. By performing limited proteolysis and separating the reaction products by size on a blue native PAGE gel, a ladder of reaction products corresponding to the number of subunits can be resolved. The pattern of bands may be used to distinguish the presence of a single homo‐oligomer from a mixture of oligomeric states. We have applied OCAM to study the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) and find that these proteins can exist in multiple oligomeric states ranging from tetramers up to possible hexamers. Our results demonstrate the existence of oligomeric forms of MscL not yet observed by X‐ray crystallography or other techniques and that in some cases a single type of MscL subunit can assemble as a mixture of oligomeric states.
Residual interactions in unfolded bile acid‐binding protein by 19F NMR
Authors: Basehore H. Kenney , Ropson Ira J.
Published: November 2010

The folding initiation mechanism of human bile acid‐binding protein (BABP) has been examined by 19F NMR. Equilibrium unfolding studies of BABP labeled with fluorine at all eight of its phenylalanine residues showed that at least two sites experience changes in solvent exposure at high denaturant concentrations. Peak assignments were made by site‐specific 4FPhe incorporation. The resonances for proteins specifically labeled at Phe17, Phe47, and Phe63 showed changes in chemical shift at denaturant concentrations at which the remaining five phenylalanine residues appear to be fully solvent‐exposed. Phe17 is a helical residue that was not expected to participate in a folding initiation site. Phe47 and Phe63 form part of a hydrophobic core region that may be conserved as a site for folding initiation in the intracellular lipid‐binding protein family.
Development of nanocomposites for anode materials in Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Ochs Rolf , Szabó Dorothée Vinga , Schlabach Sabine , Becker Sebastian , Indris Sylvio
Published: November 2010

Nanocomposites based on SnO2 with carbon scaffold were used as highly porous anode films on Ni substrates. The films were obtained by in situ deposition of the particles without any binder or excess carbon black avoiding any secondary treatment. Compared to similarly prepared uncoated SnO2 nanoparticles as well as conventionally prepared powder samples the capacity loss of the in situ deposited nanocomposite films is significantly reduced. Thus, this newly developed anode material combined with in situ film formation is a promising approach for high capacity anodes in Li‐ion batteries.

magnified image

SEM‐micrograph of a SnO2/C nanoparticle film.
Optical and Electroluminescent Properties of Conjugated Polyrotaxanes
Authors: Brovelli Sergio , Cacialli Franco
Published: November 2010

Conjugated polyrotaxanes are conjugated polymeric semiconductors engineered at a supramolecular level by threading the conjugated moiety into molecular macrocycles, such as cyclodextrins (CD). CD‐threaded rotaxanes thus provide a class of model compounds with reduced interchain interactions which enable us to explore the influence of such interactions on the fundamental photophysics of conjugated semiconductors. CD rotaxination also endows these materials with additional sites for functionalization, thus resulting in extremely versatile structures. Our current understanding of the photophysics of these materials is reviewed, both in solid/liquid solutions and in neat films, as a function of the relevant parameters, such as the threading ratio and the concentration, and with the help of rotaxanes incorporating a variety of different backbones.
Experiences in developing the mCRL2 toolset
Authors: Groote J. F. , Keiren J. J. A. , Stappers F. P. M. , Wesselink J. W. , Willemse T. A. C.
Published: November 2010

This paper presents practices and experiences in developing the formal methods toolset mCRL2. Findings are presented based on years of experiences in developing tools in an academic environment. Practical problems and ways to solve them are discussed. We also present the direction that we foresee for the coming years of development in formal methods tool support. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control and monitoring of the quartz crystal current in the quartz crystal oscillator
Authors: Satoh Tomio , Izyan Ruslan Ruzaini , Itoh Kengo , Marumo Masahide , Akitsu Tetsuya
Published: November 2010

Novel circuit design is proposed for low‐frequency quartz crystal oscillator circuit with the enhanced control of excitation level. The function of the limiter circuit was analyzed on the base of the negative resistance of the CMOS‐inverter quartz oscillator reviewed for the fundamental mode of a quartz crystal microbalance resonator, and appropriate gain control and drive current reduction were realized by adding a capacitor between one terminal of the quartz crystal and the ground level. Experimental result and the absolute value of the negative resistance are compared with the conventional Colpitts circuit. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Primary study of spiral dynamics inspired optimization
Authors: Tamura Kenichi , Yasuda Keiichiro
Published: November 2010

Logarithmic spiral phenomena are often appeared in nature. In this letter, we show that a logarithmic spiral can realize an effective strategy regarding the metaheuristics and propose a new two‐dimensional metaheuristics called spiral optimization utilizing a feature of the logarithmic spiral. The simulation results for two‐dimensional benchmark problems show the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed method. © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of sublethal hexavalent chromium exposure on the pituitary‐ovarian axis of a teleost, Channa punctatus (Bloch)
Authors: Mishra Ashish K. , Mohanty Banalata
Published: November 2010

Exposure to sublethal hexavalent chromium (as 2 and 4 mg L−1 potassium dichromate for 1 and 2 months) during late preparatory to mid prespawning phase of annual reproductive cycle severely affected the pituitary‐ovarian axis of a teleost Channa punctatus. Gonadosomatic index (GSI), ovarian histopathology, immunocytochemistry of the pituitary gonadotrophs (LHβ‐immunoreactive cells), and serum 17β‐estradiol level revealed distinct dose and duration‐dependent effects. Gonadosomatic index was declined. Diameter of ovary as well as ovarian follicles was reduced along with a distinct variation in the percentage of follicles. The greater percentage of previtellogenic follicles (stage I) and decline in vitellogenic ones (stage II and stage III) compared to control indicated the arrest of follicular development. The percentage of atretic follicles was also increased indicating toxic impact of metal on ovary. Decreased serum level of ovarian steroid 17β‐estradiol further indicated the same. Chromium interference of the pituitary was demonstrated as atrophy and less immunointensity of LH‐immunoreactive gonadotrophs. Thus, the hexavalent chromium impaired the pituitary‐ovarian axis affecting at the sites of both pituitary and ovary. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Comparing toxicity endpoints on Lecane quadridentata (Rotifera: Monogononta) exposed to two anticholinesterases pesticides
Authors: Pérez‐Legaspi Ignacio Alejandro , Quintanar J. Luis , Rico‐Martínez Roberto
Published: November 2010

Toxicity tests were performed on the freshwater rotifer Lecane quadridentata exposed to the pesticides carbaryl and methyl parathion (lethal, sublethal, and chronic) to compare the sensitivity between different endpoints: (a) 48‐h mortality; (b) 30‐min in vivo inhibition of esterase activity; (c) 5‐day inhibition of the instantaneous growth rate. The emphasis of this work was to find the most appropriate endpoint to evaluate the toxicity of these pesticides in view of their sensitivity, duration, and ecological relevance. The comparison between the three toxicity tests show that the 5‐day chronic tests have the lowest EC50 (2.22 and 6.6 mg/L), lowest‐observed‐effect concentration (2.5 and 2.5 mg/L), and no‐observed‐effect concentration (1.0 and 1.2 mg/L) values for carbaryl and methyl parathion, respectively. This indicates that the estimate of the instantaneous rate of natural increase r is the most sensitive endpoint regarding the toxicity of these pesticides. This sensitivity might be due to the effect on reducing the growth potential form the first generation on. Lethal and sublethal tests are closely related, suggesting that the immediate effect after inhibition of esterases is death. In general, the sensitivity of L. quadridentata is similar to other species of rotifers exposed to methyl parathion. Therefore, the 5‐day chronic toxicity test with the freshwater rotifer L. quadridentata should be considered a good candidate to evaluate the effect of anticholinesterase pesticides, due to its high sensitivity and ecological relevance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Cultural Adaptation of an Evidence Based Intervention: From Theory to Practice in a Latino/a Community Context
Authors: Domenech Rodríguez Melanie M. , Baumann Ana A. , Schwartz Audrey L.
Published: November 2010

The cultural tailoring of interventions to reach underserved groups has moved from descriptive and proscriptive models to their application with existing evidence based treatments. To date few published examples illustrate the process of cultural adaptation. The current paper documents the adaptation of an evidence based parent training intervention, Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO™), for Spanish‐speaking Latino parents using both process (Domenech Rodríguez and Wieling in Voices of color: first‐person accounts of ethnic minority therapists, Sage, Thousand Oaks, 2004) and content (Bernal et al. in J Abnorm Child Psychol 23:67–82, 1995) models. The adaptation took place in stages: a pilot study to ensure feasibility, focus groups to establish appropriate format and goals, and a test of the intervention. Throughout the process the treatment manual was treated as a living document. Changes were applied and documented as the team developed improvements for the adaptation. The present discussion details both process adaptations, (e.g., engaging the treatment developer, community leaders, and parents, and decentering the manual), and content adaptations, (e.g., shaping the appropriateness of language, persons, metaphors, concepts, contexts, methods, and goals). The current research provides support for the idea that cultural adaptations can improve service delivery to diverse groups and can be conducted systematically with documentation for replication purposes. Suggestions for improving the empirical measurement and documentation of the adaptation process are included.
The possibility of evidence-based psychiatry: depression as a case
Authors: Stojanov Drozdstoy , Korf Jakob , de Jonge Peter , Popov Georgi
Published: November 2010

Considering psychiatry as a medical discipline, a diagnosis identifying a disorder should lead to an effective therapy. Such presumed causality is the basis of evidence-based psychiatry. We examined the strengths and weaknesses of research onto the causality of relationship between diagnosis and therapy of major depressive disorder and suggest what could be done to strengthen eventual claims on causality. Four obstacles for a rational evidence-based psychiatry were recognised. First, current classification systems are scientifically nonfalsifiable. Second, cerebral processes are—at least to some extent—nondeterministic, i.e. they are random, stochastic and/or chaotic. Third, the vague or lack of relationship between therapeutic regimens and suspected pathogenesis. Fourth, the inadequacy of tools to diagnose and delineate a functional disorder. We suggest a strategy to identify diagnostic prototypes that are characterised by a limited number of parameters (symptoms, markers and other characteristics). A prototypical diagnosis that may either support or reject particular elements of current diagnostic systems. Nevertheless, one faces the possibility that psychiatry will remain a relatively weak evidence-based medical discipline.
Intestinal helminths induce haematological changes in dogs from Jabalpur, India
Authors: Qadir S. , Dixit A.K. , Dixit P. , Sharma R.L.
Published: November 2010

The effect of canine intestinal helminths on the haematological profile of 200 dogs, of both sexes and variable age, visiting university veterinary clinics for routine examination was investigated. The dogs were assigned to parasitized (n = 39) and non-parasitized (n = 161) groups of animals. Coprological examination revealed a 19.5% prevalence of different species of the helminths. Of these animals, 10.25% had mixed infections with Ancylostoma caninum, Toxascaris spp. and Dipylidium caninum. The intensity of A. caninum infection was the highest, with mean egg counts of 951.43 (standard error 88.66), followed by Toxascaris 283.33 (standard error 116.81) and D. caninum. The parasitized animals had significantly lower levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte counts than non-parasitized animals (P < 0.01). Values of other parameters, except for lymphocytes and eosinophils, were not different between the two groups. Analyses of the haematological profile revealed normocytic hypochromic anaemia in the parasitized group of animals.
Non echo planar, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction sequence) compared with echo planar imaging for the detection of middle-ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Kasbekar A V , Scoffings D J , Kenway B , Cross J , Donnelly N , Lloyd S W K , Moffat D , Axon P R
Published: November 2010

Objectives:

We evaluated use of the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction diffusion-weighted imaging sequence, compared with conventional echo planar magnetic resonance imaging, in the detection of middle-ear cholesteatoma.

Material and methods:

Sixteen patients awaiting second-stage combined approach tympanoplasty and three patients awaiting first-stage combined approach tympanoplasty underwent magnetic resonance imaging with both (1) the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction sequence (i.e. non echo planar imaging) and (2) the array spatial sensitivity encoding technique sequence (i.e. echo planar imaging). Two neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images produced by both sequences. Radiology findings were correlated with surgical findings.

Results and analysis:

Seven cholesteatomas were found at surgery. Neither of the assessed imaging sequences were able to detect cholesteatoma of less than 4 mm. Rates for sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values are presented.

Conclusion:

Decisions on whether or not to operate for cholesteatoma cannot be made based on the two imaging sequences assessed, as evaluated in this study. Other contributing factors are discussed, such as the radiological learning curve and technical limitations of the magnetic resonance imaging equipment.
Epigenetics and maternal nutrition: nature v. nurture
Authors: Simmons Rebecca
Published: November 2010

Under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to the later development of diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Epigenetic modifications may be one mechanism by which exposure to an altered intrauterine milieu or metabolic perturbation may influence the phenotype of the organism much later in life. Epigenetic modifications of the genome provide a mechanism that allows the stable propagation of gene expression from one generation of cells to the next. This review highlights our current knowledge of epigenetic gene regulation and the evidence that chromatin remodelling and histone modifications play key roles in adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Epigenetic modifications affecting processes important to glucose regulation and insulin secretion have been described in the pancreatic β-cells and muscle of the intrauterine growth-retarded offspring, characteristics essential to the pathophysiology of type-2 diabetes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression contributes to both adipocyte determination and differentiation in in vitro models. The contributions of histone acetylation, histone methylation and DNA methylation to the process of adipogenesis in vivo remain to be evaluated.
Gendered practices of counterinsurgency
Authors: KHALILI LALEH
Published: November 2010

Current US counterinsurgency doctrine is gendered diversely in the different geographic locations where it is formulated, put in practice, and experienced. Where Iraqi and Afghan populations are subjected to counterinsurgency and its attendant development policy, spaces are made legible in gendered ways, and people are targeted – for violence or ‘nation-building’ – on the basis of gender-categorisation. Second, this gendering takes its most incendiary form in the seam of encounter between counterinsurgent foot-soldiers and the locals, where sexuality is weaponised and gender is most starkly cross-hatched with class and race. Finally, in the Metropole, new masculinities and femininities are forged in the domain of counterinsurgency policymaking: While new soldier-scholars represent a softened masculinity, counterinsurgent women increasingly become visible in policy circles, with both using ostensibly feminist justifications for their involvement.
Peacekeeping cooperation between the United Nations and regional organisations
Authors: YAMASHITA HIKARU
Published: November 2010

This article considers a conceptual framework for peacekeeping cooperation between the United Nations and regional organisations. It articulates the ‘subcontracting’ and ‘partnering’ modes of global-regional peacekeeping cooperation, and examines how they have been practiced through efforts to form institutional partnerships with the African Union (AU) and the European Union (EU). The article argues that there is incremental progress in institutionalising global-regional cooperation in peacekeeping, and yet managing such cooperation in the future requires a clearer understanding of the role of the UN in the globalisation of peacekeeping.
Including the excluded: communitarian paths to cosmopolitanism
Authors: JORDAAN EDUARD
Published: November 2010

Cosmopolitanism is frequently criticised for overlooking the situatedness of morality and the importance of solidarity in their aspiration to global justice. A number of thinkers take these criticisms seriously and pursue ‘a communitarian path to cosmopolitanism’. Four such approaches are considered. All four view morality and justice as grounded in a specific social setting and hold that justice is more likely to result if there is some ‘we-feeling’ among people, but are simultaneously committed to expanding the realm of justice and moral concern to beyond national boundaries. To enable the theorisation of an expanded realm of situated justice and moral concern, community is conceived as not necessarily corresponding to political boundaries and the moral the self is seen as able and eager to loosen some of its traditional moral connections and to form new ones. Unfortunately, these approaches are likely to exclude significant segments of the world's population from the expanded realm of moral concern they theorise, most notably, a large proportion of the world's poor. It is suggested that the thought of Emmanuel Levinas might offer a way of reducing the gap between solidarity and moral universalism.
Britain and genocide: historical and contemporary parameters of national responsibility
Authors: SHAW MARTIN
Published: November 2010

This article (originally given as the Annual War Studies Lecture at King's College, London, on 25 January 2010) challenges the assumption that Britain's relationship to genocide is constituted by its ‘vigilance’ towards the genocide of others. Through a critical overview of the question of genocide in the historical and contemporary politics of the British state and society, the article suggests their wide-ranging, complex relationships to genocide. Utilising a conception of genocide as multi-method social destruction and applying the interpretative frames of the genocide literature, it argues that the British state and elements of identifiably British populations have been involved directly and indirectly in genocide in a number of different international contexts. These are addressed through five themes: the role of genocide in the origins of the British state; the problem of genocide in the Empire and British settler colonialism; Britain's relationships to twentieth-century European genocide; its role in the genocidal violence of decolonisation; and finally, Britain's role in the genocidal crises of the post-Cold War world. The article examines the questions of national responsibility that this survey raises: while rejecting simple ideas of national responsibility as collective guilt, it nevertheless argues that varying kinds of responsibility for genocide attach to British institutions, leaders and population groups at different points in the history surveyed.
Right of entry or right of refusal? Hospitality in the law of nature and nations
Authors: BAKER GIDEON
Published: November 2010

This article explores the account of international hospitality found in the natural law tradition from Vitoria to Kant. Rather than limit itself to intellectual history, the focus here is on a more enduring theme: the double-bind of hospitality which the natural lawyers encountered in seeking to find a place for the welcome of the foreigner in the ‘law of nations’. Although these thinkers agreed on a natural right of communication, this proved destabilising, even destructive, of the property claims by which hosts establish their domain as properly theirs in the first place. All struggled with this double-bind, though this took different forms, from the concern that the law of hospitality might thereby justify colonial appropriation to fears for how it could threaten sovereignty. Two thinkers arguably find a way out of the double-bind of right of communication-right of property in hospitality, but sacrifice the law of hospitality in the process: Pufendorf, subordinating communication to property, turns hospitality into charity and thereby effectively denies it status as a law of nature; Kant, putting communication first, makes hospitality a matter of right, not philanthropy, but also sees it as instrumental to the development of a global civil condition, where it would be redundant.
Voodoo and Apocalyptic Demography — Conceptual and Methodological Issues
Authors: Foot David K.
Published: November 2010

Ce livre vient enrichir le débat national sur le vieillissement de la population et les options de politiques en récusant la notion voulant que le vieillissement de la population mène à une crise sociale. Son approche intègre le vaudou et la démographie apocalyptique en tant que concepts de recherche sociale. Le compte rendu constitue un cadre de séparation de la science des politiques de recherche en vieillissement et fournit des définitions de concepts chargés de valeurs qui pourraient ne pas etre familiers à certains lecteurs. La division s'impose si l'on veut contourner la rhétorique et apprécier l'apport de ce livre.
Mike Bender, Paulette Bauckham and Andrew Norris. The therapeutic purposes of reminiscence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999.
Authors: Webster Jeffrey Dean
Published: November 2010

L'augmentation actuelle de l'attention critique portée à la théorie et à la pratique de la réminiscence ont incité Bender, Bauckham et Norris à fournir un guide concret sur les interversions dans ce domaine visant surtout les aîné(e)s vivant en établissement. Les auteurs présentent et examinent des exemples précis d'utilisation de la réminiscence dont l'analyse raisonnée, les groupes prioritaires, les résultats escomptés et les difficultés prévisibles. Le texte contient des conseils fondamentaux et pratiques sur l'organisation et l'animation de ces groupes sous la forme de directives précieuses pour les animateurs novices ou expérimentés. Les lacunes du débat théorique et les faiblesses méthodologiques et empiriques jurent quelque peu cependant avec la qualité d'ensemble du texte, surtout aux yeux des lecteurs qui s'intéressent à la recherche.
Sara Honn Qualls and Norman Abeles (Eds.). Psychology and the Aging Revolution: How We Adapt to Longer Life. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2000.
Authors: Butt Susan
Published: November 2010

Ce livre présente un ensemble de chapitres qui résument la recherche actuelle sur la psychologie du vieillissement. Les auteurs sont des chefs de file dans ce domaine et leurs écrits proviennent de conférences tenues par la American Psychological Association en 1997. Parmi les sujets abordés, on relève les défis associés à une longue vie, les théories du vieillissement neuropsychologique et cognitif, les changements de la mémoire avec l'âge, l'émotion, les relations sociales, la santé psychologique et le vieillissement, la dépression et enfin, la psychothérapie chez les aînés. Le livre convient bien à ceux qui souhaitent prendre connaissance des données les plus récentes concernant la population vieillissante des sociétés développées.
Boundaries and Connections Between Formal and Informal Caregivers
Authors: Ward-Griffin Catherine
Published: November 2010

Although the experiences of formal and informal caregiving have been discussed and debated in the literature, more is assumed than is actually known (McDaniel & Gee, 1993). This qualitative study explored both informal and formal caregivers' perceptions of their own caregiving and the views of each other's caregiving. Information was collected through the use of in-depth interviews with 23 family caregivers and 15 nurses providing home care to older persons. Analysis of interview transcripts and field notes reveals that both informal and formal caregivers engage in all facets of caring work – physical, intellectual and emotional care – but that they carry out this work in varying degrees, and for different reasons. The reasons given for these differences, namely the nurses' professional knowledge and higher status designation, are key elements that define the boundaries between professional and family caregiving. However, it is apparent that, over time, this demarcation diminishes as family caregivers' knowledge and skill match those of health professionals. Study findings point to implications for future theory development and research.
Work and Eldercare: Reciprocity Between Older Mothers and Their Employed Daughters
Authors: Keefe Janice M. , Fancey Pamela J.
Published: November 2010

This research broadens the understanding of the relationship between paid work and caregiving by including the contribution of the older “care recipient”. Using selected aspects of social exchange theory and a life course perspective, the importance of giving and receiving for caregivers and care recipients is explored through analyses of focus groups with employed women and interviews with their older mothers. The mothers and daughters focus on the time when they are most indebted to each other. The daughter's employment affects the type and value of contributions from care recipients. The mother's past assistance with housework and caring for children is greatly valued by the daughters. For care recipients, however, being reliant on a busy employee for their care has negative consequences. The mothers emphasize the current situation and under-estimate their past helping. Further research should consider the care recipient's perspective to obtain a broader understanding of the impact of the caregiver's employment in caregiving relationships.
On Liberty for the Old
Authors: Browne Alister , Blake Mary , Donnelly Martha , Herbert Deidre
Published: November 2010

Elderly adults often pose, or are perceived to pose, a risk to themselves or others. Others often also have the will, and sometimes the ability, to intervene in their lives: to take them from their homes, force medical treatment on them, and prevent them from spending their money as they see fit. Thus the question “To what extent, and for what purposes, can others interfere with the liberty of the individual?” takes on particular relevance for elderly adults. This is the question John Stuart Mill addressed in his essay On Liberty, and our aim is to adapt his theory of liberty to guide those who must make decisions about the old. We argue that individuals can be interfered with in their own interest and in the interest of others. It is apt to interfere in their own interest if and only if they are putting themselves at significant risk, are encumbered, i.e. are incompetent or subject to some other judgement-distorting condition, and interference will be: (a) effective, (b) not generative of evils greater than those it prevents, (c) the mildest possible to curb the evil, (d) not discriminatory, and (e), unless the interference has utility approaching absolute necessity, thought justified. It is apt to interfere in the interest of others if and only if they are putting others at significant risk and the same five conditions are satisfied. As we hope our adaptation of Mill's theory of liberty will have practical effect, we illustrate it with examples, relate it to the law in British Columbia, and state it in the form of a decision-tree.
Frank T. Denton, Deborah Fretz, & Byron G. Spencer (Eds.). Independence and economic security in old age. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2000.
Authors: Schulz James H.
Published: November 2010

Ce livre réunit une série d'études portant sur la population aînée du Canada et plus particulièrement sur l'autonomie et la sécurité personnelle de ses membres. Il résulte de trois ans d'efforts d'une équipe de chercheurs représentant différentes disciplines. C'est pourquoi certains chapitres ont été écrits par des économistes, d'autres par des travailleurs sociaux et des sociologues ou encore par des chercheurs en santé ou des gérontologues. Rédigé sous la forme d'une monographie, les quatorze chapitres sont plus techniques et empiriques que théoriques et abordent des thèmes assez variés. À première vue, ils peuvent même sembler disparates. Mais en réalité, ils font ressortir quatre thèmes principaux: le bien-être économique à venir des aîné(e)s; le rôle des économies chez les aîné(e)s; le rôle des facteurs non économiques (mouvements de population, santé, indépendance, la «productivité» à la retraite); et enfin, les facteurs qui influent sur le bien-être économique des femmes. Il faut signaler que la lecture de ce livre n'apportera pas au lecteur une connaissance complète de ces thèmes. La plupart des thèmes abordés se situent à la fine pointe de la recherche et appartiennent à des secteurs circonscrits et on s'adresse ici à des lecteurs qui ont déjà amplement examiné le sujet.
The Role of Social and Psychological Resources in the Evolution of Depression in Caregivers
Authors: Zunzunegui Maria-Victoria , LlácerCentro Alicia , Béland François
Published: November 2010

This article discusses a longitudinal study of caregivers (n = 195) from a representative sample of caregivers pf Spanish, ADL-disabled persons, aged 65 and over carried out to assess the role of social support and religiosity in the development of depression. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. One year later, 119 of the caregivers were contacted again. Stability of depression over 1 year was observed in most participants. Poor physical health and low self-esteem, as well as incontinence in the care recipients, were significant predictors of the development of depressive symptoms. Social support had a differential effect on the development of depression, depending on how much assistance with activities of daily living the caregivers had to provide. Religiosity seemed to have no effect. Depression in caregivers is related more to their health and psychosocial resources than to the amount of care they provide. Poor health status, low self-esteem, and lack of emotional support may be useful indicators in identifying caregivers at high risk for depression.
Évaluation de l'implantation d'un programme d'hébergement en alternance de personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie et de ses effets sur les aidants naturels
Authors: Landry Marjolaine , Hébert Réjean , Préville Michel
Published: November 2010

With a view to reducing the exhaustion experienced by informal caregivers and thus encourage the frail elderly to remain at home, a new free respite care program, which offers to house the frail elderly one week per month, was evaluated using an array of multiple cases. Ajzen and Madden's (1986) theory of reasoned action was used as a model to explain the effect of the program on the caregivers' intention to resort to permanent accommodation. Fourteen informal caregivers took part in the program evaluation process. An analysis of the reports of the meetings of the program's Implementation Committee revealed that human and material resources had been used as established in the initial plan. Seven subjects completed the 12 months planned for evaluating the program and were able to continue with the program thereafter. An analysis of the data, using graphic representations and pre-experimental and experimental phase medians, did not reveal any decrease in the perceived burden and in the intention to resort to accommodation in subjects who had completed the program evaluation process. Those who dropped out did so in part because of the high level of perceived burden and the caregivers' intention to resort to accommodation prior to entering the program. Unstructured telephone interviews with the caregivers suggest, moreover, that an elderly person's loss of autonomy, a good financial situation, and the caregiver's decreased feeling of guilt at the idea of housing his/her relative are important determining factors in the caregiver's decision to use permanent accommodation.
Francis G. Caro, Robert Morris, and Jill R. Norton. (Eds.). Advancing Aging Policy as the 21st Century Begins. New York: Haworth, 2000.
Authors: Phillips Judith
Published: November 2010

Le titre et le chapitre d'introduction de cet ouvrage sont très prometteurs, et, à la fin du livre, le lecteur n'est pas déçu. Les directeurs de rédaction ont regroupé divers essais autour de plusieurs thèmes clés de la politique sociale. Ces thèmes sont le reflet d'anciens débats (p. ex., soins de longue durée, retraite, emploi) comme de questions et problèmes sociaux d'actualité, qui n'ont pas encore fait l'objet d'une discussion approfondie (p. ex., délinquants âgés, transport). Tous les essais traitent de politiques qui ont une pertinence d'envergure internationale. L'ouvrage offre un bon point de départ pour le développement de politiques au vingt et unième siècle; chaque chapitre conclut avec des idées pour faire progresser ces politiques. L'ouvrage devrait attirer un grand nombre de lecteurs, depuis les étudiants intéressés par les questions relatives aux politiques jusqu'aux responsables mêmes de leur élaboration.
Les facteurs influençant le bien-etre psychologique à la retraite
Authors: Desrochers Cathleen , Lapierre Sylvie , Alain Michel
Published: November 2010

The present study focused on variables influencing psychological well-being during the period of adjustment to retirement (6 to 36 months). The sample included 141 respondents – 69 retired men and 72 retired women – who completed questionnaires evaluating life satisfaction, retirement satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Variables traditionally examined (socio-demographic, health, attitude, and social) explained 45 to 57 per cent of the variance related to life and retirement satisfaction, but explained a smaller percentage (9 to 37%) of the variance related to the six dimensions of psychological well-being. This study, therefore, confirmed the impact of traditional variables on life and retirement satisfaction but brought out the importance of investigating other variables that could explain psychological well-being during retirement.
Medical and Everyday Assistive Device Use among Older Adults with Arthritis
Authors: Sutton Deborah , Gignac Monique A.M. , Cott Cheryl
Published: November 2010

This research compared older adults' use of medical assistive devices (ADs) with their use of everyday ADs as a means of managing chronic physical disability. The study also examined whether predisposing, need, and enabling factors were associated with device use in three domains of activity: personal care / in-home mobility, household activities, and community mobility. Participants were 248 adults, aged 55 years and older, with a wide range of disability levels as a result of osteoarthritis. All participants were administered an in-depth, structured questionnaire, as part of a larger study examining older adults' independence and adaptation to chronic physical illness. The results revealed that respondents actively adapted to their disabilities and used a wide range of medical and everyday devices, with everyday devices being reported more than twice as often as medical ADs and the fewest devices overall being reported for community mobility. In general, medical devices were used when subjective and objective need for ADs was considerable. Everyday devices were reported earlier in the trajectory of the disease, at mild and moderate disability levels, and were associated with a broader pattern of adaptation that included planning to avoid problems, exercise, and pacing activities.
J.C. Cavanaugh, and S. Krauss Whitbourne, (Eds.). Gerontology: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Authors: Kramer Nanette A.
Published: November 2010

Cette revue littéraire porte sur le texte révisé de Cavanaugh et Krauss Whitbourne intitulé, Aging: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Elle examine son utilité en tant que recueil de textes originaux ciblant un cours de maîtrise ou un cours de base de doctorat en gérontologie, qui s'échelonne sur un semestre. L'ampleur des sujets et l'étude à fond de la matière sont discutées, de même que la valeur de ce livre en tant que méthode d'instruction. De plus, la revue littéraire comprend des suggestions afin de mettre en valeur la matière présentée dans le livre.
J.P. Lavoie. Familles et soutien aux parents âgés dépendants. Montréal, QC: L'Harmattan, 2000.
Authors: Thomas Daniel
Published: November 2010

In this book, the author studies the family organization supporting a dependent parent from the perspective of the family caregivers themselves. The majority of studies have examined functional needs. This study, however, posits that caregivers are more concerned with health and protection needs and ensuring the dependent's identity than with concentrating on functional needs. The author believes that in order to fulfill these needs, families have developed protective, monitoring techniques, as well as personal and social relationship supports and aids in basic care. Families have also developed accountability rules that help them attribute tasks to each family member. Caring for a dependent parent allows individuals to contribute, at varying degrees, to a family-group responsibility. This responsibility entails costs as well as benefits; these are outlined in the book. This study develops an innovative approach to caregivers and contributes to the study dedicated to the analysis of caregiver family dynamics.
Jeffrey A. Giordano and Thomas A. Rich The Gerontologist as an Administrator. Westport, CT: Auburn House, 2001.
Authors: Deutschman Marian
Published: November 2010

La cohorte visée du texte de Giordano et Rich intitulé, The Gerontologist as an Administrator, est l'administrateur actuel ou futur des services à la personne et des programmes de santé adaptés en fonction des personnes âgées. Étant donné que l'American Health Care Administration fait rapport qu'il y a un besoin immédiat de plus de 100 000 professionnels dans les maisons de santé pour remplir les postes au plus bas de l'échelle hiérarchique et pour contrer la baisse des administrateurs brevetés, ce livre est à point. L'inquiétude est qu'il n'y aura pas suffisamment de brevetés pour remplacer les administrateurs qui quittent le métier ou se retirent.

De nos jours, il y a plusieurs préoccupations sur la qualité de vie des personnes âgées de notre société et les occasions qui se présentent pour de nouveaux modèles qui pourraient complètement transformer les soins de longue durée. Afin de répondre à ce défi, le gérontologue, en tant qu'administrateur de ces organismes, doit démontrer ses qualités de leadership et de gestion en plus de ses connaissances du domaine. Ce livre examine le sujet admirablement et à profondeur.
Mary Lee Hummert and Jon F. Nussbaum (Eds.). Aging, Communication and Health: Linking Research and Practice for Successful Aging. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001.
Authors: Kwong See Sheree T.
Published: November 2010

Ce livre rédigé est le résultat de dialogue et de discussions suivant la Troisième conférence internationale sur la communication, le vieillissement et la santé, tenue en 1996. Le livre reflète le thème de la conférence et affirme la conviction que la communication est un lien essentiel dans la promotion de la santé et du vieillissement réussi. Les écrits proviennent de personnes érudites, de réputations internationales et de disciplines variées. Les rédacteurs ont divisé le livre en trois sections, chacune mettant au premier plan un aspect unique d'une relation réussi entre la communication, la santé et le vieillissement. Ce livre est une ressource clé pour les académiques intéressés à la communication et au vieillissement. De plus, chaque chapitre se termine avec des suggestions utiles afin de lier la recherche à la pratique. Ce livre est une ressource précieuse pour les prestataires en service de santé qui travaillent au sein d'une clientèle âgée
Peter Suedfeld, (Ed.). Light from the Ashes: Social Science Careers of Young Holocaust Refugees and Survivors. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001.
Authors: Schiff Brian
Published: November 2010

Le livre intitulé Light from the Ashes est un recueil important de 17 autobiographies écrites par des chercheurs du domaine des sciences sociales et qui ont vécu l'holocauste soit en se cachant en Europe, soit en prenant la fuite de l'Allemagne Nazi avant le début de la guerre. Les auteurs proviennent de plusieurs disciplines des sciences sociales. Chacun a été demandé de retracer le lien entre ses expériences durant la guerre et son choix de recherches ultérieures. Sous réflexion, la majorité affirme que l'holocauste a effectivement joué un rôle important dans leur choix de carrière. Bien que nous ne pourrions jamais déterminer le rapport de cause à effet du passé sur le présent, ces histoires reflètent la capacité humaine d'interpréter le passé par le bias du présent. Le livre Light from the Ashes offre une contribution important à notre compréhension de la capacité humaine de fonder une famille, une carrière et une histoire de vie significative suivant des interruptions et des privations considérables antérieures.
The Physical and Social Environments of Small Rural Nursing Homes: Assessing Supportiveness for Residents with Dementia
Authors: Morgan Debra G. , Semchuk Karen M. , Stewart Norma J. , D'Arcy Carl
Published: November 2010

The physical and social environments are recognized as important therapeutic tools in the care of nursing home residents with dementia, yet little is known about the environments of rural nursing homes. This study was conducted in one rural health authority (16,000 km 2) in the province of Saskatchewan. Long-term institutional care was provided in seven small (15 to 35 beds), publicly funded nursing homes, none of which had separate dementia special care units (SCUs). The Physical Environmental Assessment Protocol (PEAP) was used to evaluate the facilities on nine key dimensions of dementia care environments. Facilities were most supportive in provision of privacy and least supportive on maximizing awareness and orientation. Focus groups were conducted with registered nurses, nursing aides, and activity workers. Staff caregivers identified six special needs of residents with dementia that were difficult to meet in the nursing homes, two of which were related to the physical environment (safety and a calm, quiet environment) and four of which were related to the social environment (meaningful activity and one-to-one contact, opportunity to use remaining abilities, flexible policy, and knowledgeable caregivers who enjoy working with persons with dementia). Staff suggested separate dementia SCUs as one approach to managing dementia care but also identified challenges in creating dementia units in small rural facilities. Results provide support for conceptual models of dementia care settings that emphasize the interaction of organizational, social, and physical factors.
Priority Setting in a Canadian Long-Term Care Setting: A Case Study Using Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis
Authors: Mitton Craig , Donaldson Cam , Manderville Pat
Published: November 2010

Canadian health regions are required to set priorities and allocate resources within a limited funding envelope. Program budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) was piloted in continuing care in Claresholm, Alberta, with the aim of improving overall benefit from available resources. A marginal-analysis expert panel was used to assess options for continuing-care delivery. Inputs into the decision-making process included evidence from the literature, regional and provincial reports, program budgeting information, and local knowledge. Recommendations included implementing adult, day-and-night support programs and converting long-term beds to convalescent beds. Changes were funded through allocating provincial Broda funding and altering nursing assistant and physiotherapy activity. PBMA was demonstrated to be an effective framework in aiding decision makers with redesigning services in Claresholm. This case study is one of several which indicate PBMA to be a valuable aid to priority setting in health care service provision.