bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual development and demography of the rock hind Epinephelus adscensionis, a protogynous grouper, in the south-west Atlantic
Authors: Marques Simone , Ferreira Beatrice P.
Published: October 2017

This study reports on the pattern of sexual development and demography of Epinephelus adscensionis sampled on the north-east coast of Brazil. The species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with males (26–44-cm total length, TL) transitioning from mature females (20–33cm TL). This species presented multiple spawning, with peaks in the gonadosomatic index indicating that the spawning period of the rock hind occurred along 3 months per year, where for 2008 was between August and October, and for 2009 was between July and September. Age was determined from otoliths and periodicity was validated from captive fish treated with tetracycline. The resulting von Bertalanffy growth parameters were as follows: theoretical maximum length (L∞) 34.82cm TL, growth coefficient (k) 0.26 and theoretical age at L=0 (t0) 0.86years. The size and age at sexual maturity for females were 20cm TL and 4 years. The total rate of mortality was 0.28year–1. Older fish were males and had a maximum longevity of 15 years. This species is an important resource for local communities, but is also currently caught by trap fisheries, which have been expanding in recent decades in response to demands of export markets. Lack of monitoring and management of these and other reef fisheries in north-east Brazil makes fishing sustainability uncertain.
The effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor application on grain yield and quality, fertiliser nitrogen recovery and soil nitrous oxide emissions in a legume–wheat rotation under elevated carbon dioxide (FACE)
Authors: Sultana Humaira , Suter Helen C. , Armstrong Roger , Nicolas Marc E. , Chen Deli
Published: October 2017

Managing nitrogen (N) supply to better match crop demand and reduce losses will be an important goal under future predicted elevated carbon dioxide (e[CO2]) conditions. This study comprised two Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiments conducted in southern Australia in 2011. The first experiment (Exp-1) was a field experiment that investigated the impact of a nitrification inhibitor (NI), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and supplementary irrigation on utilisation of legume (field pea) residual N by a wheat crop and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The second experiment (Exp-2) used 15N techniques in soil cores to investigate the impact of DMPP on recovery of fertiliser N.
In Exp-1, grain N concentration increased (by 12%, P < 0.001) with NI application compared with no NI application, irrespective of CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and supplementary irrigation. With NI application the grain N harvest index increased under e[CO2] (82%) compared with a[CO2] (79%). Applying the NI compensated for decreased grain copper concentration observed under e[CO2] conditions. NI had minimal effect on soil N2O emissions in the wheat crop regardless of [CO2]. In Exp-2, 65% (±1 standard error, n = 15) of the applied N fertiliser was recovered in the aboveground plant, irrespective of NI use.
The use of a NI in a cereal–legume rotation may help to increase grain N concentration, increase the mobilisation of N towards the grain under e[CO2], and may also help to compensate for decreases in grain copper concentration under e[CO2]. However, use of a NI may not provide additional benefit for productivity or efficiency of N utilisation.
The pragmatics ofgrandin Irish English
Authors: Hickey Raymond
Published: October 2017

Over the past two centuries, the use of the adjectivegrandunderwent a specific semantic expansion in Irish English. Apart from the meaning of ‘displaying grandeur’, the adjective came to mean ‘fine’, ‘alright’ and ‘in good form’, both as an expression of the speaker’s situation and as a reference to that of the addressee. This development can be shown to represent a case of subjectification, as described seminally by Elizabeth Traugott in various publications (e.g.,Traugott 1995), with the element of intersubjectification arising somewhat later (Traugott 2003). Through the examination of various texts, this paper examines the diachronic development ofgrandin its various uses and the rise of the Irish English extension with a consideration of possible precursors and parallels in other varieties. The subjective and intersubjective uses ofgrandare labelled “approvinggrand” and “reassuringgrand” respectively and are shown to be in keeping with other features of Irish discourse structure and pragmatics.
Performing acts of impoliteness through code-switching to English in colloquial Jordanian Arabic interactions
Authors: Badarneh Muhammad A. , Al-Momani Kawakib , Migdadi Fathi
Published: October 2017

This article investigates how English is exploited in naturally occurring interactions in colloquial Jordanian Arabic to perform acts of impoliteness, drawing on impoliteness model by Culpeper (1996), its subsequent modifications in Culpeper et al. (2003) and Culpeper (2005), and its alignment with Spencer-Oatey’s (2002) concept of rapport-management. Attack on face, specifically Quality Face, Social Identity Face, and Association Rights, through code-switching to English were identified in the data. Positive impoliteness and negative impoliteness strategies were employed through using English, sometimes in conjunction with Arabic impoliteness resources. Furthermore, English was used as an indirect impoliteness strategy to do off-record impoliteness to convey impolite beliefs about a third party or a particular state of affairs. These acts of impoliteness were mainly countered defensively by ignoring the attack or offensively through countering the implied face attack with face attack.
Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice
Authors: Angelone Erik , Marín García Álvaro
Published: October 2017

In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013;Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
Introduction to Conflicts, Religion and Culture in Tourism.
Authors: Raj R. , Griffin K.
Published: October 2017

This introductory chapter offers a background discussion on the theory of religious tourism and on religious pilgrimage in conflict regions, before outlining the overall structure of the book.
Consciousness in conflict.
Authors: Suleman R. , Qayum B.
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the public consciousness of conflict. It also discusses how the issues of identity, perception and representation are (re)presented and embedded within diverse touristic activities and experiences. The chapter also covers matters of understanding the cultures and spiritualities of the 'other'. The examples that have been used throughout this chapter attempt to view these issues, matters and discussions through an Islamized lens.
Defamation of religion and freedom of speech.
Authors: Chowdhury A. , Raj R.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the nature of the conflict between freedom of religion and freedom of speech, which have implications for religious tourism. The chapter focuses on the apparent conflict associated with published content that gives offence to religious sentiments, defames a religion and is potentially blasphemous to the religion. Some incidents of religious terrorism in Europe that originated from this conflict are highlighted.
Religious tourism and pilgrimage in a non-religious country: the Czech Republic.
Authors: Rája J.
Published: October 2017

This chapter deals with several questions about the position of religious tourism in the Czech Republic. It examines the roots of secularization in the Czech Republic, the existence of religious tourism in such a secularized country, the specifics of pilgrimages in this situation, and the future development of religious tourism.
Pilgrimage, cultural landscape and tourism in the heritization of churches and Christian sites in Nagasaki.
Authors: Kawashima T. D.
Published: October 2017

This chapter deals with the evaluation, commodification and re-sacralization of Christian heritage for the purpose of tourism in Japan. It examines the process of choosing, including and excluding the component assets of the Christian heritage in Japan to be inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Two movements are distinguished, and their specific evaluation and selection strategies regarding the Christian heritage in the nomination process are identified. The first is the so-called 'Nagasaki Pilgrimage', invented in collaboration between the Japanese Tourism Federation and the Catholic Archdiocese in Nagasaki, and the second is the nomination of Christian heritage as a 'cultural landscape' by the Japanese Bureau of Cultural Affairs and prefectural and regional administrations. Examining the evaluation strategies and their impact on religious tradition, it is argued that commodifying and preserving religion as a sustainable tourism product allows secular institutions to redefine it, and even re-sacralize it, as a uniquely Japanese traditional culture to appeal to the domestic and international tourism market.
Claiming territory: the role of pilgrimage in the struggle for a re-Christianization of Sweden.
Authors: Wiktorin P.
Published: October 2017

This chapter argues that the construction of pilgrimage trails carried out by the Church of Sweden has, perhaps unintended, consequences. The establishment of trails and the production of maps that mark Christian presence in the landscape can be seen as both a resistance to secularism and an adjustment to the new religious paradigm that characterizes Sweden in the 21th century: sacralization of the self and rituals that are directed more inward than outward, although in a theistic sense. It is argued that the establishment of these pilgrim trails might be considered as part of the struggle to re-Christianize Sweden and Swedish society.
Cuba and its Christian roots: a case for understanding religious tourism.
Authors: Echarri Chavéz M. , Cisneros Mustelier L. , Korstanje M.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the potential for Cuba, despite decades of tension and conflict with the Catholic Church, as a destination for religious tourism. The chapter explores not only the limitations and dichotomies of authenticity but also the roots of religion, tourism and politics. While social scientists agree that religiosity is closely linked to politics, Cuba shows the opposite, and perhaps demonstrates how religiosity can remain dormant, cemented in the roots of heritage. The chapter explores not only the religious core of hospitality (and tourism) but also critically discusses the extent to which Abrahamic traditions have paved the path to develop a specific definition of 'other', in Latin America. As the case study is Cuba, a country that kept its Catholic roots despite its socialist affiliation, the tension between the proper atheism of Marxist ideology and Catholicism is one of the main themes examined in this chapter.
Religious spaces as discrete systems: the case of Ayodhya, India.
Authors: Sanjeev Singh Sanjeev Singh , Nayan Srivastava Nayan Srivastava , Karitikeya Sonker Karitikeya Sonker , Manas Ranjan Manas Ranjan
Published: October 2017

This chapter explores the pilgrimage site of Ram Janambhumi in Ayodhya (India) through a timeline that extends from before a particular conflict to after the conflict, and investigates the socio-spatial phenomena in the context of their respective social, political and economic conditions. This once peaceful site, shared by Muslims and Hindus, came into the national and international frame following an attempt by Hindu followers of Ram to reclaim the site for their worship practices. In a monumental sequence of events, this almost forgotten site came to represent the struggle between religious groups of Hindus and Muslims, and has had religious, political and social implications beyond anything that could have been foreseen.
Halal tourism: the case of Turkey.
Authors: Bİlİm Y. , Özer Ö.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the concept of halal tourism and presents the case of Turkey as a halal tourism destination. The chapter identifies the fundamentals of halal and halal tourism. It also discusses how we can plan for the development of halal tourism, looking at the consumption side and the international halal tourism market.
PtdIns3P controls mTORC1 signaling through lysosomal positioning
Authors: Hong Zhi , Pedersen Nina Marie , Wang Ling , Torgersen Maria Lyngaas , Stenmark Harald , Raiborg Camilla
Published: October 2017

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a protein kinase complex that localizes to lysosomes to up-regulate anabolic processes and down-regulate autophagy. Although mTORC1 is known to be activated by lysosome positioning and by amino acid–stimulated production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) by the lipid kinase VPS34/PIK3C3, the mechanisms have been elusive. Here we present results that connect these seemingly unrelated pathways for mTORC1 activation. Amino acids stimulate recruitment of the PtdIns3P-binding protein FYCO1 to lysosomes and promote contacts between FYCO1 lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum that contain the PtdIns3P effector Protrudin. Upon overexpression of Protrudin and FYCO1, mTORC1–positive lysosomes translocate to the cell periphery, thereby facilitating mTORC1 activation. This requires the ability of Protrudin to bind PtdIns3P. Conversely, upon VPS34 inhibition, or depletion of Protrudin or FYCO1, mTORC1-positive lysosomes cluster perinuclearly, accompanied by reduced mTORC1 activity under nutrient-rich conditions. Consequently, the transcription factor EB enters the nucleus, and autophagy is up-regulated. We conclude that PtdIns3P-dependent lysosome translocation to the cell periphery promotes mTORC1 activation.
On derivation of compressible fluid systems on an evolving surface
Authors: Koba Hajime
Published: October 2017

We consider the governing equations for the motion of compressible fluid on an evolving surface from both energetic and thermodynamic points of view. We employ our energetic variational approaches to derive the momentum equation of our compressible fluid systems on the evolving surface. Applying the first law of thermodynamics and the Gibbs equation, we investigate the internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of the fluid on the evolving surface. We also study conservative forms and conservation laws of our compressible fluid systems on the evolving surface. Moreover, we derive the generalized heat and diffusion systems on an evolving surface from an energetic point of view. This paper gives a mathematical validity of the surface stress tensor determined by the Boussinesq-Scriven law. Using a flow map on an evolving surface and applying the Riemannian metric induced by the flow map are key ideas to analyze fluid flow on the evolving surface.
Biomarker identification of hepatocellular carcinoma using a methodical literature mining strategy
Authors: Chang Nai-Wen , Dai Hong-Jie , Shih Yung-Yu , Wu Chi-Yang , Dela Rosa Mira Anne C , Obena Rofeamor P , Chen Yu-Ju , Hsu Wen-Lian , Oyang Yen-Jen
Published: October 2017

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths, carries a 5-year survival rate of 18%, underscoring the need for robust biomarkers. In spite of the increased availability of HCC related literatures, many of the promising biomarkers reported have not been validated for clinical use. To narrow down the wide range of possible biomarkers for further clinical validation, bioinformaticians need to sort them out using information provided in published works. Biomedical text mining is an automated way to obtain information of interest within the massive collection of biomedical knowledge, thus enabling extraction of data for biomarkers associated with certain diseases. This method can significantly reduce both the time and effort spent on studying important maladies such as liver diseases. Herein, we report a text mining-aided curation pipeline to identify potential biomarkers for liver cancer. The curation pipeline integrates PubMed E-Utilities to collect abstracts from PubMed and recognize several types of named entities by machine learning-based and pattern-based methods. Genes/proteins from evidential sentences were classified as candidate biomarkers using a convolutional neural network. Lastly, extracted biomarkers were ranked depending on several criteria, such as the frequency of keywords and articles and the journal impact factor, and then integrated into a meaningful list for bioinformaticians. Based on the developed pipeline, we constructed MarkerHub, which contains 2128 candidate biomarkers extracted from PubMed publications from 2008 to 2017.

Database URL: http://markerhub.iis.sinica.edu.tw
Falling short: how state laws can address health information exchange barriers and enablers
Authors: Schmit Cason D , Wetter Sarah A , Kash Bita A
Published: October 2017

Objective

Research on the implementation of health information exchange (HIE) organizations has identified both positive and negative effects of laws relating to governance, incentives, mandates, sustainability, stakeholder participation, patient engagement, privacy, confidentiality, and security. We fill a substantial research gap by describing whether comprehensive state and territorial HIE legal frameworks address identified legal facilitators and barriers.

Materials and Methods

We used the Westlaw database to identify state and territorial laws relating to HIEs in effect on June 7, 2016 (53 jurisdictions). We blind-coded all laws and addressed coding discrepancies in peer-review meetings. We recorded a consensus code for each law in a master database. We compared 20 HIE legal attributes with identified barriers to and enablers of HIE activity in the literature.

Results

Forty-two states, the District of Columbia, and 2 territories have laws relating to HIEs. On average, jurisdictions address 8.32 of the 20 criteria selected in statutes and regulations. Twenty jurisdictions unambiguously address ≤5 criteria in statutes and regulations. None of the significant legal criteria are unambiguously addressed in >60% of the 53 jurisdictions.

Discussion

Laws can be barriers to or enablers of HIEs. However, jurisdictions are not addressing many significant issues identified by researchers. Consequently, there is a substantial risk that existing legal frameworks are not adequately supporting HIEs.

Conclusion

The current evidence base is insufficient for comparative assessments or impact rankings of the various factors. However, the detailed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dataset of HIE laws could enable investigations into the types of laws that promote or impede HIEs.
The Unified Protocol for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Thompson-Hollands Johanna
Published: October 2017

The case of a 25-year-old male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is presented in this chapter. The patient, “Luke,” had primary obsessions related to harm befalling his family and girlfriend, as well as fears of contamination. His primary compulsions included mental “undoing,” in his words, and repeating actions. He engaged in significant avoidance around potential contaminants. The text reviews Luke’s course of treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP), including the application of each treatment module and attention to challenging issues that arose in this case. Specific attention is devoted to the use of cognitive reappraisal in the UP for OCD, managing symptom accommodation by family members, and exposure in the context of intrusive thoughts and mental rituals.
The Unified Protocol for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Boswell James F. , Conklin Laren R. , Oswald Jennifer M. , Bugatti Matteo
Published: October 2017

Major depressive disorder (MDD) can be a chronic, debilitating condition that for many individuals waxes and wanes over time. In addition, MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders demonstrate a high level of comorbidity with anxiety disorders. This chapter describes the application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders. We first review research supporting the association between depression and higher-order constructs such as neuroticism. Next, we present a clinical case that, combined with module-specific recommendations, further illustrates how UP principles and strategies are implemented in the treatment of primary depression. Finally, we offer recommendations for future work involving the UP for major depression and other depressive disorders.
The Unified Protocol for Bipolar and Comorbid Disorders
Authors: Ellard Kristen K. , Bernstein Emily E. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Deckersbach Thilo
Published: October 2017

Bipolar disorder is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by affective lability and emotion dysregulation. In addition, it is associated with high rates of comorbidity, particularly with anxiety disorders. Approximately 90% of bipolar patients have been diagnosed with at least one comorbid anxiety disorder across the lifespan, with as many as two-thirds of patients meeting criteria for comorbid anxiety disorder at any given time. As such, transdiagnostic treatments that directly target emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder are needed. In this chapter, we discuss evidence supporting an emotion dysregulation model of bipolar disorder and its roots in neuroticism. We then present a recent case of a patient with bipolar disorder with comorbid anxiety who received 18 sessions of treatment with the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP).
The Unified Protocol for Comorbid Alcohol Use and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Farchione Todd J. , Goodness Tracie M. , Williams Katelyn M. E.
Published: October 2017

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in the United States. Further, they have significant comorbidity with anxiety disorders (AXDs). The presence of AUD and AXD comorbidity is of concern because it appears to have a negative impact on treatment outcome for either disorder alone. Increasingly, researchers and clinicians have been moving toward transdiagnostic treatments that can address AUD/AXD comorbidity in a more comprehensive fashion that is ultimately more helpful for patients than the traditional delivery of parallel treatments for individual disorders. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) has shown preliminary results for reducing problematic drinking in patients with AUD/AXD comorbidity compared to medications or other treatments. This chapter offers a rationale for using the UP to address AUD/AXD comorbidity and presents a case illustrating application of this protocol in a patient presenting with DSM-IV alcohol dependence and additional AXDs.
The Unified Protocol for Nonsuicidal and Suicidal Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors
Authors: Bentley Kate H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Cassiello-Robbins Clair , Vento Stephanie
Published: October 2017

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior are extremely common phenomena, with devastating consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Although interventions for NSSI and suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors exist, there remains an urgent need to establish the most highly effective, efficient, and easily disseminable treatments for the full range of self-injuring individuals. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention recently developed to be applicable across the range of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as other disorders with strong emotional components. The aim of this chapter is to provide a rationale for using the UP, or its components, to address nonsuicidal and suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, as well as to discuss recent applications of the UP treatment to two self-injuring individuals through clinical case presentations.
The Unified Protocol for Complex, Highly Comorbid Cases
Authors: Latin Heather Murray , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: October 2017

Given the high comorbidity rates among the emotional disorders, effective evidence-based treatments need to be able to address the presence of comorbid disorders in an integrated fashion. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) was created in part to address the comorbidity often seen in clinical settings and may be uniquely suited to do so, given its emphasis on transdiagnostic factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of emotional disorders (i.e., experience of strong negative emotions, aversive reactions to these emotions, and attempts to avoid or suppress these experiences). This chapter illustrates the use of the UP with a patient who presented with panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and other specified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This case is used to illustrate the application of the UP transdiagnostic framework to a case with extensive comorbidity.
Cross-Cultural Applications of the Unified Protocol
Authors: Ametaj Amantia A. , Sarver Nina Wong , Anakwenze Obianujunwa , Ito Masaya , Rattner-Castro Michel , Potluri SriRamya
Published: October 2017

Growing evidence supports the importance of culturally adapting evidence-based interventions to increase their effectiveness and prevent treatment dropout. This chapter discusses several strategies for tailoring treatment to culturally diverse individuals and summarizes two cultural adaptations of the Unified Protocol for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) in two countries, Japan and Colombia. In Japan, the protocol retained a high degrees of fidelity to the original UP while being translated into Japanese, adding illustrations, and changing the structure of the treatment goals. In Colombia, the protocol was culturally adapted to treat patients suffering from the aftereffects of trauma from the armed conflict. Descriptions of the cultural adaptations made to the protocol are outlined. In addition, a case from each setting is presented to illustrate the application of these adaptations.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Promote Self-Management
Authors: Eldar Sharon , Esser Nora M. , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: October 2017

Adjusting and adapting to a chronic health condition is a long process that involves adopting a new lifestyle. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has had great success in promoting this process and enhancing self-management skills among people with chronic conditions. The main goal of CBT is to encourage people to become their own therapist and to feel confident in managing their chronic situation. This chapter describes the main CBT ideas on how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact with one another and which concepts and techniques can help people break the vicious cycle of negative thoughts, difficult emotions, and nonadaptive behaviors. Following that, the chapter explains how to implement those skills and techniques specifically among people with chronic health conditions in order to increase their quality of life.
Spreading HOPE
Authors: Turner Andy , Martin Faith
Published: October 2017

Self-management interventions focus on components such as information, medication taking, mood management, and practical strategies for support in daily life. This chapter argues that, in addition to these strategies, fostering hope is important to effective self-management in both physical and mental health. Hope is a cognitive set, focused on the future, and is operationalized as cross-situational goals and behaviors to achieve these goals. A unique intervention, built on positive psychology and hope theory, is described to exemplify the evidence and application of these concepts. The “Help to Overcome Problems Effectively” (HOPE) program’s design, content, and outcomes are provided. Further research is suggested, focusing on exploring hope as a mechanism for change.
Illness Intrusiveness and Self-Management of Medical Conditions
Authors: Devins Gerald M. , Deckert Amy
Published: October 2017

Illness intrusiveness results when medical conditions and their treatment interfere with continued participation in lifestyles, valued activities, and interests. The Illness Intrusiveness theoretical framework outlines the sources, consequences, and moderator variables that shape the psychosocial impact of illness intrusiveness on subjective well-being. This chapter outlines the illness intrusiveness theoretical framework and reviews the empirical evidence. It critiques the published literature that evaluates self-management efforts to minimize illness intrusiveness to preserve subjective well-being. It concludes with suggestions for future research. An appendix addresses the measurement of illness intrusiveness and reviews the literature bearing on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale.
Self-Management of Arthritis
Authors: Brooks Jessica M. , Iwanaga Kanako , Chan Fong
Published: October 2017

Arthritis is ranked among the top causes of disability in the United States and worldwide. Despite recent improvements in medications and medical treatment, there is no known cure for arthritis. Providing evidence-based psychoeducation and counseling services to people with arthritis lessens the impact of pain-related symptoms and disability on the individual and society. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the most common arthritic conditions, co-occurring physical conditions, and psychosocial factors associated with arthritis. Barriers to self-management and existing self-management programs are also discussed along with the current state of scientific evidence. The chapter concludes with some questions for future research.
Self-Management of Cancer
Authors: Deckert Amy , Devins Gerald M.
Published: October 2017

Cancer self-management aims to minimize the physical and psychosocial suffering that people can experience due to cancer and its treatment. The self-management of cancer is important in light of changes to the cancer-care system that rely on the affected person to administer and follow treatments (e.g., chemotherapy) and to initiate changes to lifestyle (e.g., physical activity) or health behavior (e.g., smoking cessation) to maximize treatment benefits and prevent complications or recurrence. This chapter highlights distinctions between chronic medical conditions and cancer. It describes the essential elements of self-management programs and the application of self-management skills to the problems introduced by cancer. It reviews and critiques the cancer self-management literature in relation to four categories of self-management targets and offers suggestions for future research.
Self-Management of Diabetes
Authors: Deiches Jonathan F. , Umucu Emre , Chan Fong
Published: October 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by impaired blood glucose regulation. For most individuals with diabetes, the condition is chronic, and it can lead to severe health complications if not managed effectively. This chapter begins with a review of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of diabetes. The chapter then describes the key facets of comprehensive diabetes self-management, providing a review of current literature on health promotion and self-care behaviors for individuals with diabetes. Unique considerations for type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are described when relevant. The chapter then concludes with a discussion of existing research on diabetes self-management interventions.
Self-Management of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bishop Malachy , Frain Michael
Published: October 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that can impact one’s health and functioning, role participation, and quality of life in a wide variety of ways. Self-management is increasingly recognized as a critical component of MS care and a person-directed approach to health and wellness. Given the range of ways that MS may affect physical and cognitive as well as psychosocial functioning, effective and comprehensive MS self-management may require a broad range of knowledge and resources. Thus this chapter explores current perspectives on MS self-management, evaluates the research evidence and current research directions, and identifies effective practices in MS self-management.
Telemedicine
Authors: Kidholm Kristian
Published: October 2017

This chapter describes how different types of telemedicine can be used to increase self-management of individuals with chronic health conditions. Based on a number of systematic literature reviews, the potential benefits of telemedicine for individuals with diabetes, COPD, and heart failure are presented. Because telemedicine in many countries are considered a strategic solution to the demographic challenges that the healthcare systems are facing, the chapter also includes a presentation of the model for assessment of telemedicine (MAST) framework for assessing new telemedicine solutions, as well as recommendations for outcome assessment and methods for data collection. This information is provided for the potential benefit of managers and healthcare professionals in order to determine which telemedicine services could be used by their local healthcare systems for improving self-management of individuals with chronic health conditions.
Internet Interventions
Authors: Andersson Gerhard
Published: October 2017

The Internet and modern information technology have had an immense impact on society and healthcare. This chapter describes how the Internet can be used to deliver evidence-based psychological treatment for chronic health conditions, including headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, and insomnia. The practice of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavior therapy is described, including the role of a technology that is constantly changing, with a range of platforms and security considerations. Examples of research are presented. The chapter also discusses problems and hurdles that can be encountered when conducting and implementing Internet interventions. The chapter concludes with some future directions for research and practice.
Introduction
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

The Introduction describes how the Rainbow Manual provides the user with the empirical foundation for RAINBOW and for each of the RAINBOW treatment components, as well as detailed session-by-session guides for delivering RAINBOW. Each of the 12 session guides includes the RAINBOW ingredient(s) covered in the session, the agenda, the objective(s) for the session, the conceptual background for treatment objectives, and specific instructions and language for each objective and related activities. Recommended time lengths for each session activity are provided. The conceptual manual is intended to be used by the practitioner as the background and training for learning how to deliver the RAINBOW manual to children and families.
Introduction and Overview of RAINBOW Program
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

The RAINBOW program was developed through a review of the literature and clinical experience relevant to the developmental psychopathology and treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). Session 1 is the first session of the RAINBOW treatment protocol, and it is conducted with child and parent/caregiver(s). The primary objective of this session is to orient the child and family to the RAINBOW program and engage them in the treatment process. The session agenda includes introductions and identification of goals for treatment, introducing the concept of RAINBOW treatment and the integral components, addressing issues that may affect the family’s engagement in treatment, and building rapport with the child.
Psychoeducation about Pediatric Bipolar Disorder
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 2 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on providing psychoeducation about pediatric bipolar disorder to the child and family. The psychoeducation portion focuses on the incidence, prevalence, assessment, presentation, diagnosis, and course of pediatric bipolar disorder, given that most families enter treatment with either limited or inaccurate information about this complex diagnosis. The family’s thoughts and feelings related to psychotropic medication are also explored. In addition, the child and caregiver(s) are introduced to mood monitoring, which is a key component of RAINBOW treatment, and both the child and the parents are assigned to chart the child’s moods several times daily for the next week.
Coping Skills for Children
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 5 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol is primarily conducted with the child and focuses on improving self-efficacy through development of cognitive and behavioral coping skills (ingredients I: I can do it, N: No negative thoughts, and O: Oh, how do we solve this problem? of RAINBOW). Key skills developed in this session include positive-thinking strategies and “think and do” skills to manage emotional responses to identified triggers of negative moods. The therapist explains the connections between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and ways to respond more adaptively to the child’s triggers are role-played in the session. In addition, mood charts are reviewed, and mood monitoring along with practicing Think and Do skills are assigned as a between-session task for the child and family.
Coping and Positive Thinking for Parents
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 6 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on promoting self-efficacy in the parent and child (ingredient I: I can do it! of RAINBOW) and developing coping skills in parents (ingredient N: No negative thoughts, live in the now of RAINBOW), and it is conducted with the parent/caregivers. Therapist and parents first work to identify the child’s positive qualities and ways these can be promoted and reinforced through positive language and mastery activities. Parents are then encouraged to develop their own positive scripts and self-talk to improve their feelings of self-efficacy. Last, parents are instructed in cognitive and mindfulness skills to learn ways to reframe negative thoughts and increase their focus on the present moment.
Respectful Communication and Social Skills for Children
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 7 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on helping the child develop communication skills to improve peer and family relationships (ingredient B: Be a good friend of RAINBOW), and the session is conducted primarily with the child. For various reasons, children with bipolar disorder often have poor communication skills. Like most other skills, however, social skills can be taught and learned. The therapist and the child practice ways of expressing feelings nonverbally (“Feelings Charades”) and other nonverbal communication skills (such as making eye contact, listening). In addition, respectful communication skills are developed and practiced, including instruction in “I Messages” for emotional expression.
Promoting Social Skills and a Balanced Life for Parents
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 8 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on promoting the child’s social skills as well as on enhancing parental self-care (ingredient B: Be a good friend and Balanced life for parents of RAINBOW), and it is conducted with the parent/caregiver(s). Parent(s) are provided with psychoeducation regarding the importance of friendships, and engaged in problem-solving to identify key opportunities to promote their child’s social skills as well as ways to minimize difficulties during stressful social situations. The session also focuses on parental well-being and how they can maximize their opportunities for parental self-care, via discussion and completion of a “balanced lifestyle” activity.
Family Problem Solving
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 9 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on improving family problem-solving and coping (ingredient O: Oh, how do we solve this problem? of RAINBOW), and is conducted with the parent/caregiver(s), child, and siblings. It is important for all family members to have opportunities to talk about their experiences and to have that experience respected by the family. The therapist works with the family to improve interactions at home by problem-solving difficult situations and developing a family plan to minimize behavioral escalation once it occurs. In addition, the session aims to foster affiliation among family members through emphasizing shared experiences, positive feelings, and common goals.
Creating Pleasant Memories and Finding Support
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 10 of the RAINBOW treatment protocol focuses on maximizing social support (ingredient W: Ways to find social support of RAINBOW), and it is conducted with the parent/caregivers and child. The therapist provides psychoeducation regarding the importance of social support for effective parenting and child affect regulation. Parents and therapist discuss and evaluate methods of widening and utilizing social support networks for parents and child, as well as strategies to work through barriers to increasing social contacts. In addition, the child is engaged in role-play to practice adaptive help-seeking behaviors. Last, parents and child create a “Support Tree” to help identify and recall those in their support network.
Final Celebration
Authors: West Amy E. , Weinstein Sally M. , Pavuluri Mani N.
Published: October 2017

Session 12 is the final session of the RAINBOW treatment protocol and is conducted with child and parents. This session focuses on review and celebration of the RAINBOW therapy experience. Parents and child are encouraged to reflect on their therapy experience, successes, and difficulties. Parents and child are then engaged in a discussion to highlight each other’s strengths and positive qualities, particularly qualities that improved as a result of their efforts in treatment. Last, the family develops a follow-up/maintenance plan for continued care and/or use of RAINBOW skills at home. Therapist and family then share their goodbyes and celebrate the hard work completed in treatment.
Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of Anxiety in Eating Disorders
Authors: Peck Stephanie Knatz , Murray Stuart B. , Kaye Walter H.
Published: October 2017

Approximately two-thirds of individuals diagnosed with eating disorders have had one or more concurrent anxiety disorders in their lifetime. Anxiety symptoms most often predate the onset of an eating disorder and are associated with worse outcomes, implicating anxiety as a possible vulnerability factor in the onset and maintenance of an eating disorder. Individuals with eating disorders also tend to possess personality traits associated with anxiety. This significant comorbidity is likely a result of a shared underlying temperament profile that may predispose individuals to both an eating disorder and certain anxiety disorders. Given the negative impact of anxiety on recovery, eating disorder clinicians should be aware of these shared vulnerabilities and, ideally, be equipped to treat comorbid anxiety issues with a working knowledge of best practice treatment approaches. Furthermore, for patients with a dual diagnosis, clinicians must construct an integrative treatment approach taking into account impairments from both illnesses.
The Complex Relationship Between Eating Disorders and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Dennis Amy Baker , Pryor Tamara
Published: October 2017

Eating disorders (ED) and substance use disorders (SUD) frequently co-occur but are rarely treated in a comprehensive integrated manner. This chapter elucidates the complex relationship between ED and SUD to help the treating professional create an integrated treatment plan that addresses both disorders and any other co-occurring conditions. Evidence-based treatments for each disorder are discussed, and recommendations on how to take “best practices” from both fields to formulate a treatment plan that addresses the specific needs of the patient are presented. The chapter includes case examples that demonstrate the importance of understanding the adaptive function of both disorders when developing an effective intervention.
Suicidality, Self-Injurious Behavior, and Eating Disorders
Authors: Anderson Leslie K. , Smith April , Crow Scott
Published: October 2017

Regardless of specific diagnosis, individuals with eating disorders have strikingly high rates of self-injurious behavior and suicidal ideation. It is essential that clinicians working with individuals who have eating disorders conduct regular and thorough assessments of suicidality and self-harm in their patients and understand a variety of strategies for intervention with these problems. This chapter outlines evidence-based approaches to assessment and intervention with suicidality and self-harm. It discusses the literature on lethality assessment, no-suicide contracts, involving family, hospitalization, and means restriction. It also focuses on strategies from dialectical behavior therapy for managing both self-harm and suicide risk, such as contingency management, diary card self-monitoring, telephone coaching, and behavioral chain analysis.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Eating Disorders
Authors: McCurdy-McKinnon Danyale , Feusner Jamie D.
Published: October 2017

This chapter addresses the comorbid presentation of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and disordered eating. BDD affects approximately 2% of the population and involves perceived defects of appearance along with obsessive preoccupation and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors. The prevalence of comorbid BDD and eating disorders is high: Approximately one–third of those with BDD will have a comorbid eating disorder, and almost half of those with an eating disorder will have comorbid BDD. There are complicating diagnostic and treatment factors that arise when an individual experiences both. A core feature of these disorders is body image concern, which may be explained by both shared and unique aberrancies in visual and visuospatial processing that have neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding shared and unique pathophysiology may help inform and guide treatment, as well as open up lines of future research into their etiology.