bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing Emergency Department and hospital organization in response to a changing epidemic
Authors: Coen Daniele , Paolillo Ciro , Cavazza Mario , Cervellin Gianfranco , Bellone Andrea , Perlini Stefano , Casagranda Ivo
Published: March 2020

The world is facing a new pandemic that sets the national health systems, their structures and professionals in a crisis never experienced before. (...)
GIMENES, Éder Rodrigo.Eleitores e partidos políticos na América Latina . Curitiba: Appris, 2017. 209 p.
Authors: Souza Jéssica Matheus de
Published: March 2020

Resenha do livro GIMENES, Éder Rodrigo.Eleitores e partidos políticos na América Latina . Curitiba: Appris, 2017. 209 p.
Getting ready for the next pandemic COVID-19: Why we need to be more prepared and less scared
Authors: Contreras, DrPH(c), MEP, MPH, MS, CEM George W.
Published: March 2020

As of March 2020, we are almost at the three-month mark of COVID-19 with 90,663 reported cases worldwide and 3,124 reported deaths spread over six continents and 67 countries. As of March 3, 2020, the United States announced its six COVID-19-related deaths with 103 confirmed cases spread throughout fourteen states.1 It is important to note, however, that even as the number of reported cases and deaths continue to increase, the COVID-19 overall case fatality rate thus far stands at 3.4 percent. It is important to keep in mind that case fatality rates will also vary by age group and geographic areas. Government leaders and health experts have repeatedly mentioned that it is expected that COVID-19 cases would increase and that it would inevitably reach the United States. I would go even a step further to predict that there will be more confirmed cases and deaths in the United States as well as other parts of the world. Unfortunately and inevitably, by the time this editorial is published, the number of reported cases and deaths will have increased worldwide. If there is one thing to take from all of this information is that we are just at the beginning of the disease progression and more people will get infected and some additional people will also die. As a society, we need not be alarmed simply because it is a novel infectious disease. In the twentieth century, the world has experienced several novel diseases and even pandemic-level diseases. The recent CDC announcement that COVID-19 may reach pandemic levels is not only expected but also scientifically accurate when it comes to normal disease progression. Such announcements should not surprise the public and it should also not instill panic. What the world and the United States need to do is get better prepared. I understand that the fear of the unknown can be daunting but we need to recall that we (the US and the world) have been through similar experiences and survived.
Volume 18, Number 2
Authors: Emergency Management Journal of
Published: March 2020

March/April 2020
Competition, Competitiveness and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cherif Reda , Dhungana Sandesh , Fang Xiangming , Gonzalez-Garcia Jesus , Yang Yuanchen , Yenice Mustafa , Eun Yoon Jung
Published: March 2020

Does greater product market competition improve external competitiveness and growth? This paper examines this question by using country-and firm-level data for a sample of 39 sub-Saharan African countries over 2000–17, as well as other emerging market economies and developing countries, and finds that an improvement in domestic competition is associated with a signficant increase in real GDP per capita growth rate, achieved mainly through an improvement in export competitiveness and productivity growth. Price levels, including of essential items, are also generally lowered with an increase in competition. Moreover, at the firm-level, evidence shows that greater competition—proxied through a decline in corporate market power—is associated with an increase in firm’s investment and the labor’s share in output. These effects are more pronounced in the manufacturing sector and among domestic firms compared to foreign firms.
Taking Down the Wall
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Correa-Caro Carolina
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the main determinants of income inequality in transition countries during the period 1990–2018. To this end, we address a major methodological challenge that lies at the core of the cross-country literature on income inequality: the potential endogeneity of income growth, which is largely ignored by most empirical studies. We adopt a two-pronged empirical strategy by (i) using trading partners’ weighted average real GDP as an instrumental variable (IV), and (ii) estimating the model via the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach for static models and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models. Our empirical findings are consistent with the Kuznets curve that illustrates a nonlinear relationship between income inequality and the level of economic development. We also find that the redistributive impact of fiscal policy is statistically insignificant and taxation and government spending appear to have the opposing effects on income inequality in transition economies.
Botswana
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: March 2020

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF’s Regional Technical
Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during August 19–29, 2019 to assist Statistics
Botswana (SB) in improving the quality of the national accounts statistics. Reliable national accounts are essential for informed economic policy-making by
the authorities. It also provides the private sector, foreign investors, rating agencies, donors and
the public in general with important inputs in their decision-making, while informing economic
analysis and IMF surveillance. Rebasing the national accounts is recommended every five years.
Rebasing requires comprehensive surveys and ideally, Supply and Use Tables (SUT) to support
coherence checking of data.
St. Lucia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: March 2020

St. Lucia’s near-term growth prospects are favorable, supported by large infrastructure investment and robust tourist inflows. However, longer-term growth continues to be impeded by high public debt, lingering vulnerabilities in the financial system, and structural impediments to private investment. Diminishing policy buffers further weaken the country’s resilience to external shocks against the backdrop of a precarious global outlook.
Nicaragua
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: March 2020

Social unrest and its aftermath eroded confidence and caused large capital and bank deposits outflows that resulted in a prolonged output contraction. Banks cut lending, which exacerbated the downturn. Faced with sharply lower revenues and a severe tightening in available financing, including on account of sanctions, the government was forced to cut spending and adopt a procyclical tax package.
Republic of Madagascar
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: March 2020

After a smooth transition of power completed with the Parliamentary elections
in May 2019 and the installation of a new government, economic developments have
remained favorable despite some slowdown in the first half of 2019, in the context of
significant budget under-execution. Medium-term fiscal and external sustainability has
been preserved.
Austria
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: March 2020

The macroprudential policy framework has been developed and enhanced since the last FSAP.
The Financial Market Stability Board (FMSB)—established in 2014 and tasked with strengthening
cooperation in macroprudential oversight and safeguarding financial stability—plays the central
role. The FMSB fulfills its mandate by discussing facts relevant to financial stability and issuing expert
opinions, policy action recommendations, and warnings about financial stability risks. The Financial
Market Authority (FMA), Austria's integrated financial supervisory authority, is also designated by
law as the competent authority for applying macroprudential instruments and implements FMSB
recommendations on a comply-or-explain basis. The Austrian National Bank (OeNB) is obliged to
monitor and conduct analysis of systemic risks and to inform the FMSB on its findings. It also
provides the secretariat for the FMSB.
Austria
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: March 2020

This technical note1 includes a targeted review of banking regulation and supervision, with a particular focus on topics related to the supervision of less significant institutions (LSIs). The review was based on the international standards for banking supervision—the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s (BCBS) Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision (BCP)—but did not conduct a compliance assessment. The mission considered the findings and recommendations of the 2018 euro area (EA) FSAP2 and the authorities’ BCP self-assessment, followed-up on recommendations of the 2013 Austria FSAP, and reviewed implementation of BCBS standards and guidance issued in the interim. Although the review was based on implemented legislation and regulation, the mission reviewed proposed draft legislation consolidating financial system supervision in the Financial Market Authority (FMA).
Australia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: March 2020

Selected Issues
Impact of reactive surfaces on the abiotic reaction between nitrite and ferrous iron and associated nitrogen and oxygen isotope dynamics
Authors: Visser Anna-Neva , Wankel Scott D. , Niklaus Pascal A. , Byrne James M. , Kappler Andreas A. , Lehmann Moritz F.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation (NDFeO) is widespread in various aquatic environments, and plays a major role in iron and nitrogen redox dynamics. However, evidence for truly enzymatic, autotrophic NDFeO remains limited, with alternative explanations involving coupling of heterotrophic denitrification with abiotic oxidation of structurally-bound or aqueous Fe(II) by reactive intermediate N species (chemodenitrification). The extent to which chemodenitrification is caused, or enhanced, by ex vivo surface catalytic effects has, so far, not been directly quantified. To determine whether the presence of either a Fe(II)-bearing mineral or dead biomass (DB) catalyses chemodenitrification, two different sets of anoxic batch experiment were conducted: 2 mM Fe(II) was added to a low-phosphate medium, resulting in the precipitation of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2), to which later 2 mM nitrite (NO2−) were added, with or without an autoclaved cell suspension (~ 1.96 × 108 cells ml−1) of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Concentrations of nitrite, nitrous oxide (N2O) and iron (Fe2+, Fetot) were monitored over time to assess the impact of Fe(II) minerals and/or DB as catalysts of chemodenitrification in the two setups. In addition, the natural-abundance isotope ratios of NO2− and N2O (𝛿15N and 𝛿18O) were analysed to constrain associated isotope effects. Up to 90 % of the Fe(II) was oxidized in the presence of DB, while only ~ 65 % were oxidized under mineral-only conditions, suggesting an overall lower reactivity of the mineral-only setup. Similarly, the average NO2− reduction rate (0.004 ± 0.003 mmol L−1 day−1) in the mineral-only experiments was much lower compared to experiments with mineral plus dead biomass (0.053 ± 0.013 mmol L−1 day−1), as was N2O production (204.02 ± 60.29 nmol/L*day). The N2O yield per mole NO2− reduced was higher in the mineral-only setups (4 %) compared to the experiments with dead biomass (1 %), suggesting the catalysis-dependent differential formation of NO. N-NO2− isotope ratio measurements indicated a clear difference between both experimental conditions: in contrast to the marked 15N isotope enrichment during active NO2− reduction (−15εNO2 = +10.3 ‰) observed in the presence of DB, NO2− loss in the mineral-only experiments exhibited only a small N isotope effect (
Implementing a hydrodynamic model to complement water depth and flow velocity data for physical scale experiments of rivers and estuaries
Authors: Weisscher Steven A. H. , Boechat-Albernaz Marcio , Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Van Dijk Wout M. , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Physical scale experiments enhance our understanding of fluvial, tidal and coastal processes. However, it has proven challenging to acquire accurate and continuous data on water depth and flow velocity due to limitations of the measuring equipment and necessary simplifications during post-processing. A novel means to augment measurements is to numerically model flow over the experimental digital elevation models. We investigated to what extent the numerical hydrodynamic model Nays2D can reproduce unsteady, nonuniform shallow flow in scale experiments and under which conditions a model is preferred to measurements. To this end, we tested Nays2D for one tidal and two fluvial scale experiments and extended Nays2D to allow for flume tilting which is necessary to steer tidal flow. The modelled water depth and flow velocity closely resembled the measured data for locations where the quality of the measured data was most reliable, and model results may be improved by applying a spatially variable roughness. The implication of the experimental data-model integration is that conducting experiments requires fewer measurements and less post-processing in a simple, affordable and labour-inexpensive manner that results in continuous spatio-temporal data of better overall quality. Also, this integration will aid experimental design.
Description and evaluation of the UKCA stratosphere–troposphere chemistry scheme (StratTrop vn 1.0) implemented in UKESM1
Authors: Archibald Alexander T. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Archer-Nicholls Scott , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Dalvi Mohit , Folberth Gerd A. , Dennison Fraser , Dhomse Sandip S. , Griffiths Paul T. , Hardacre Catherine , Hewitt Alan J. , Hill Richard S. , Johnson Colin E. , Keeble James , Köhler Marcus O. , Morgenstern Olaf , Mulcahy Jane P. , Ordóñez Carlos , Pope Richard J. , Rumbold Steven T. , Russo Maria R. , Savage Nicholas H. , Sellar Alistair , Stringer Marc , Turnock Steven T. , Wild Oliver , Zeng Guang
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism, which is used in the UKESM1 Earth system model for CMIP6. The StratTrop chemical mechanism is a merger of previously well-evaluated tropospheric and stratospheric mechanisms, and we provide results from a series of bespoke integrations to assess the overall performance of the model. We find that the StratTrop scheme performs well when compared to a wide
array of observations. The analysis we present here focuses on key
components of atmospheric composition, namely the performance of the model
to simulate ozone in the stratosphere and troposphere and constituents that
are important for ozone in these regions. We find that the results obtained
for tropospheric ozone and its budget terms from the use of the StratTrop
mechanism are sensitive to the host model; simulations with the same
chemical mechanism run in an earlier version of the MetUM host model show a
range of sensitivity to emissions that the current model does not fall
within. Whilst the general model performance is suitable for use in the UKESM1 CMIP6 integrations, we note some shortcomings in the scheme that future targeted studies will address.
Literatura e imaginário educacional em Ofélia, a ovelha, de Marina Colasanti
Authors: Karlo-Gomes Geam , Santos Maria Eugênia dos
Published: March 2020

Esse artigo analisa o conto de fadas Ofélia, a ovelha, de Marina Colasanti, buscando identificar seus significados a partir da relação entre imaginário e educação. Os contos de fadas possuem papel proeminente nesse contexto, visto que apresentam riqueza simbólico-arquetípica e metafórica para o contexto do imaginário educacional por projetar imagens necessárias à Bildung humana. Introduzidas desde cedo na vida das crianças, as manifestações artístico-literárias (contos de fadas, fábulas, histórias em quadrinhos, poemas, desenhos animados, contos diversos, entre outros) fornecem pistas para a compreensão da psique coletiva. Por meio de um estudo fundamentado na filosofia do imaginário educacional, na psicologia analítica e na leitura mitológica do conto colasantiano, desvenda-se a presença latente do mito de Narciso. Esse mito serve de imagem para uma educação da sensibilidade durante o período de construção da personalidade. À luz da autoimagem, as crianças podem ser estimuladas a desenvolver a imaginação sobre o autoconhecimento e a autoestima, condições essenciais para as interações sociais e afetivas autônomas.
Saudi Electronic University a Role Model in Implementing Blended Learning; Exploring the Experience of Female Students in the Department of English Language and Translation
Authors: Abdullah Alowedi Noha
Published: March 2020

This study explores students’ perceptions of blended learning in a Saudi higher education institution; namely, the Saudi Electronic University. SEU is the only university in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that offers undergraduate degree programs in complete mandatory Blended Learning mode of education in all courses. The study aims to describe the actual utilization of online learning represented by Blackboard as the official Learning Management System in SEU and to dictate students’ satisfaction with the learning experience. The methodology used to achieve this goal was surveying students’ opinions through sending out online questionnaires. The main purpose of this study is to consider the students’ feedback, improve what needs improvements, and keep up the good work if it is considered ‘good work’.
Evaluation of the Non-destructive Method Efficiency of Estimating Nitrogen Content in Jambu Plants Grown in Hydroponic System
Authors: Sampaio Italo Marlone Gomes , Silva Júnior Mário Lopes da , Chagas Erika Da Silva , Bittencourt Ricardo Falesi Palha de Moraes , Costa Vivian Christine Nascimento , Souza Dandara Lima de , Santos Washington Aleksander Savaris dos , Texeira Bruno José Brito
Published: March 2020

Jambu is considered a leafy vegetable with expressive relevance in the regions that compose the Brazilian Amazon. However, there are challenges regarding its cultivation, particularly for the nutritional management, since there is little technical information that allows an increase in the efficiency of its production. In this sense, nitrogen (N) gains prominence, since it is related to the increased yield and quality of leafy vegetables, therefore its monitoring of N content in plants is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using the SPAD index to estimate the N content of jambu leaves, total chlorophyll concentration, as well as its relationship with dry mass accumulation due to the increase of nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution. The design used was completely randomized with eight replications. The treatments were six nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution (11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 mmol L-¹). After 21 days of transplantation, the SPAD index was measured. Then, these plants were collected to quantify the total chlorophyll, dry mass and nitrogen content. In general, the variables were explained by increasing linear models. There was a positive correlation between the SPAD index and the other characteristics evaluated. Based on the results, the best response at the concentration of 21 mmol L-¹ in the nutrient solution stands out. In addition, the SPAD index has potential to be used in the diagnosis of nitrogen status in jambu leaves.
Exemplars, Institutions, and Self-Knowledge in Schopenhauer as Educator
Authors: Golob Sacha
Published: March 2020

This article provides a new analysis of Nietzsche's vision of pedagogy in Schopenhauer as Educator. I examine the institutional threats faced by education as he sees them from 1872 onward, focusing on how his account of conformity moves beyond Enlightenment treatments of that topic. I next consider the role exemplars might play in combatting those threats, arguing that Nietzsche develops a distinctive affective and epistemological model of exemplarity and its role in the learning process. I show how this tracks his own engagement with Schopenhauer from the first encounter to Schopenhauer as Educator. I close with the question of how an exemplar is to be identified: this links closely, I suggest, to Nietzsche's changing views on love.
Successful Surgical Correction of Congenital Colonic Duplication and Anogenital Cleft in a Cat
Authors: Fruehwald Christina , Ellison Gary
Published: March 2020

A 17 wk old sexually intact female domestic shorthair kitten presented for an anogenital cleft and enlarged colon. The cat had experienced bacterial cystitis and constipation since weaning. Contrast referral images revealed an enlarged colon with a patent anus. Clinical examination revealed an anogenital cleft with a common anovulvar orifice. The rectum was patent upon digital rectal palpation, and fecal contamination of the vulva was present. Abdominal radiographs revealed two distinct colons, both filled with a moderate amount of formed fecal material. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed segmental duplication of the descending colon with a dominant right colon and a smaller accessary left colon. The two structures conjoined at the transverse colon proximally and at the pubic brim distally. A common anogenital orifice with anovulvar communication was also noted. The anogenital cleft malformation was successfully repaired surgically. A celiotomy was performed to remove the smaller accessory colon. An ovariectomy and partial hysterectomy were also performed. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed no gross evidence of recurrent cystitis or urinary or fecal incontinence postoperatively. This is believed to be the first report of a congenital anogenital cleft and complete communicating colonic duplication in a cat.
Spontaneous Regression of a Mandibular Plasmacytoma in a Juvenile Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Villedieu Erika , Beck Samuel , Findji Laurent
Published: March 2020

A 4 mo old female Finnish lapphund presented for further investigation of a swelling of the right rostral mandible. A computed tomography scan showed the swelling to be an expansile and osteolytic mandibular lesion. Histopathology revealed a poorly differentiated, moderately well-demarcated, unencapsulated, highly infiltrative round cell neoplasm, and immunohistochemistry was supportive of a plasmacytoma. Performance of a rostral partial mandibulectomy was initially discussed with the owners, but the lesion improved spontaneously both clinically and on repeated computed tomography scanning before surgery could be performed. It subsequently almost completely resolved 6 mo after diagnosis. Hypotheses for spontaneous regression of the lesion are discussed and the human literature is briefly reviewed.
Cholelithiasis in the Dog: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome
Authors: Ward Patricia M. , Brown Kieran , Hammond Gawain , Parkin Tim , Bouyssou Sarah , Coia Mark , Nurra Genziana , Ridyard Alison E.
Published: March 2020

Canine cholelithiasis is considered to be an uncommon condition and is frequently cited as being an incidental finding. However, there is a paucity of contemporary literature to support these assertions. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to report the prevalence, clinical presentation, and long-term follow-up of cholelithiasis in dogs. The electronic database at the Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow was searched to identify dogs that were diagnosed with cholelithiasis on ultrasound between 2010 and 2018. Sixty-eight dogs were identified, giving an overall prevalence of cholelithiasis in our hospital of 0.97% (confidence interval 0.76–1.22%). Medical records of 61 dogs were available for review. Cholelithiasis was classified as an incidental finding in 53 (86.9%) dogs, with 8 (13.1%) dogs being classified as symptomatic, having complications of cholelithiasis that included biliary duct obstruction, biliary peritonitis, emphysematous cholecystitis, and acute cholecystitis. Follow-up was available for 39 dogs, with only 3 dogs (7.7%) developing complications attributed to cholelithiasis, including biliary duct obstruction and acute cholecystitis, within the subsequent 2 yr. Cholelithiasis is an uncommon but frequently incidental finding in dogs. Within the follow-up period, few of the dogs with incidental cholelithiasis went on to be become symptomatic.
Excessive Cyclosporine-Associated Immunosuppression in a Dog Heterozygous for the MDR1 (ABCB1-1Δ) Mutation
Authors: Mackin Andrew J. , Riggs Caitlin , Beatty Todd , Mealey Katrina , Boothe Dawn , Archer Todd
Published: March 2020

Pharmacodynamic monitoring was used to titrate cyclosporine dosing in a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Development of a suspected secondary infection, with subsequent discovery of an unexpectedly high level of T-cell suppression despite a relatively low cyclosporine dose, prompted an investigation into the cause of possible excessive immunosuppression. Blood cyclosporine concentrations were within expected target ranges, and the dog was determined to be heterozygous for the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1; ATP-binding cassette sub family B member 1-1Δ) gene mutation. The MDR1 mutation was suspected to have contributed to the excessive immunosuppression experienced by this patient. This case highlights the need to monitor immunosuppressive therapy in the individual patient, especially when the patient is not responding to therapy at typical dosages or when secondary infections develop at dosages lower than expected to cause significant immunosuppression. Pharmacodynamic monitoring can be used to help identify unexpected excessive immunosuppression in dogs receiving cyclosporine, and MDR1 genotyping should be further explored as a potential method of predicting and preventing its occurrence.
Pediatric road traffic injuries in Qatar: Evidence for a developmental stage approach to road safety
Authors: Consunji Rafael , Malik Shahnaz , El-Menyar Ayman , Mollazehi Monira , Al-Thani Hassan , Peralta Ruben
Published: March 2020

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death in Qatar but their epidemiology in children has not been fully described. This paper will describe the epidemiology of pediatric road traffic injuries (pRTIs) in Qatar, in order to understand the relationships among risk factors, mechanisms of injury, use of safety equipment, and according to child developmental stages.

The primary sample for this study was drawn from all pRTIs (0–18 years) from January 2010 to December 2012—motor vehicle occupants, passengers and drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) drivers and passengers—seen at the trauma registry of the Hamad Trauma Center, the national Level I Trauma Referral Center of Qatar.

During those two years, the Trauma Center attended to 4864 patients, 443 (9.1%) of whom were pRTIs, 83% were male, and 71% were non-Qatari. Only 1.2% of injured passengers and drivers were restrained. All fatalities were passengers or drivers; the overall mortality rate was 3.4%. The motor vehicle crash (MVC) mortality rate was 6.2%, with the longest mean length of hospital stay 10.5 days and highest Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate 35.7%. Older adolescents (15–18 years) comprised 56.4% of total MVC mortality. One-in-four (25%) pedestrian victims was Qatari. They had the lowest mean Injury Severity Score (9.6); 73% were nine years or younger. ATV victims had a 27% ICU admission rate; 48.4% were 10–14 years old. Older adolescents made up only 17% of the pediatric population of Qatar, yet 40% of pRTI victims and 80% of pRTI deaths. Forty-two percent of injured older adolescents were drivers, with half (21%) of those underage.

There are clear and distinct age and mechanism-specific patterns of pRTIs among children in Qatar that must be used to guide road safety policy and program formulation for underage pedestrians and drivers. Proven interventions that increase seatbelt and child restraint use and graduated driver licensing must be considered.
Prevalence of socio-demographic and behavioral factors about organ donation in Qatar: A household survey
Authors: Singh Rajvir , Varughese Betsy , El-Menyar Ayman , Agarwal Tulika Mehta , Shahbal Saad , Mekkodathil Ahammed Abdulla , Al Maslamani Yousuf , Salam Amar , Al Thani Hassan
Published: March 2020

Background: A single organ and tissue donor can serve and save eight-fold lives, but availability of organ donors is scarce, posing a grim situation for end-stage organ failure worldwide. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs toward organ donation can help policymakers develop strategies to address the challenges facing organ donation and transplantation in Qatar. Aim: To assess sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions regarding organ donation in the household population of Qatar. Methods: A prospective observational household survey was conducted between October and November 2016 in Qatar using a validated questionnaire. One thousand forty-four individuals aged 18 and older residing in eight municipalities in the country were enrolled in the survey. Results: Average age was 38 ± 11 years. There were 27.4% Qatari citizens and 72.6% nonQatari residents in the survey. 48.9% of the total (1044) were males. Knowledge [46% (95% C.I.: 45% − 47%)], attitude [70% (95% C.I.: 66%–74%)], behavioral beliefs [42% (95% C.I.: 39%–50%)], normative beliefs [29% (95% C.I.: 28%–30%)], control beliefs [–27% (95% C.I.: − 24% to − 30%)] and intentions towards organ donation [29% (95% C.I.: 27%–31%)] were observed in the study. Factor analyses were able to explain 70%, 72%, 70%, and 74% variations in knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and intentions domains respectively showing adequacy of construct of the domains for organ donation. Conclusion: Most of the survey participants showed good attitude but less intention towards organ donation.
n. 17 - O DESAFIO DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DOCENTE DIANTE DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS EM CURSO NO BRASIL
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Sobrinho Sidinei Cruz
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa questiona a função social do profissional docente na conjuntura das políticas educacionais em curso, dada a hegemonia neoliberal.  Tem por metodologia a hermenêutica jurídica de políticas educacionais normativas relacionadas à formação docente, lançando mão da análise qualitativa de Programas de Governo e a revisão bibliográfica (FREIRE; DARDOT; LAVAL; GIDDENS; SENNETT; GRAMSCI), além da pertinente análise de dados. O objetivo é problematizar a relação do neoliberalismo com ações de políticas educacionais na atualidade, comparado as políticas normativas aos principais programas de governo em curso no Brasil, apresentar como a função social do profissional docente enquanto trabalhador intelectual.  As reflexões acerca dos programas de governo, aconoradas na devida revisão bibliográfica e na análise de dados conclui pela hegemonia neoliberal na atual conjuntura nacional, mas também no estabelecimento de cinco categorizações sobre a função social do profissional docente, enquanto possibilidade do exercício contra hegemônico.
ARBORIZAÇÃO DAS PRAÇAS DE GURUPI – TO – BRASIL: COMPOSIÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE DE ESPÉCIES
Authors: Da Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira , Batista Antonio Carlos , Giongo Marcos Vinícius , Biondi Daniela , Dos Santos André Ferreira , De Oliveira Lucicléia Mendes , Cachoeira Jader Nunes
Published: March 2020

As praças desempenham relevante papel socioambiental no cenário urbano e sua arborização é um patrimônio que deve ser conhecido e conservado. O objetivo deste estudo foi inventariar as espécies arbóreas das 16 praças de Gurupi - TO, identificá-las quanto a origem, bem como, determinar a diversidade de espécies. Foram inventariadas, com identificação a nível de espécie, todas as árvores e palmeiras pertencentes as praças do município. Dessa forma, constatou-se que a arborização das praças de Gurupi possui1386 indivíduos, 26 famílias, 91 espécies, 66% são nativas e 34% exóticas da flora brasileira, a cidade tem alta diversidade de espécies (H’ = 4,77 e D’ = 0,93), e o Oiti (Licania tomentosa Benth. Fritsch) é a espécie dominante (18,54%). As praças que apresentaram os maiores índices de diversidade de espécies foram as praças Waldir Lins (H’ = 3,66 e D’ = 0,88), Praça da Bíblia (H’ = 3,5 e D’ = 0,86) e João Borges Leitão (H’ = 3,43 e D’ = 0,88), e as que apresentaram os menores índices de diversidade foram as praças Vila Íris (H’ = 1,43 e D’ = 0,47) e José Leandro da Silva (H’ = 1,86 e D’ = 0,50).
PERCEPÇÃO ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA – MORADORES DE REGISTRO, NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Almeida Luis Carlos Ferreira de , Ferraz Marcelo Vieira , Cecília Letícia Gutierrez
Published: March 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a percepção dos moradores de Registro-SP sobre a arborização urbana. Foi elaborado um questionário, utilizando-se como base a Escala de Likert, que consiste em uma escala de cinco pontos com um ponto médio para registro de uma situação intermediária ou de nulidade. A pesquisa foi realizada no mês de setembro de 2015, sendo desenvolvida em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa ocorreu a aplicação de 40 questionários a partir dos quais foi possível estimar o tamanho da amostra em 88 questionários para um erro máximo de 10% e 95% de probabilidade, constituindo-se a aplicação dos 48 questionários restantes na segunda etapa da pesquisa. Foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas e testes de comparação de médias, com análise multivariada de dados, finalizando a partir das variáveis com as maiores correlações com um teste de qui-quadrado para verificar como se dá a relação de dependências entre elas. Concluiu-se que a maioria é a favor do plantio de árvores, sendo contra a sua retirada após o plantio, porém o risco de erro na arborização é alto uma vez que a população foi a responsável pelo plantio das mudas. A maioria percebeu que a cidade é pouco arborizada.
Direct Versus Indirect Taxes: Impact on Economic Growth and Total Tax Revenue
Authors: Hakim Taufik Abd
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the effects and consequences of both direct and indirect taxes on economic growth and total tax revenue in a panel of 51 countries over the period 1992 – 2016. The data were estimated using the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. The results indicate that direct taxes are significant and negatively correlated with the economic growth, while indirect taxes seem to have a positive but insignificant impact on the dependent variable. Additionally, this study also found a significant and positive contribution of direct taxes on the total tax revenue compared to indirect taxes. The conclusion is that tax structure based on direct taxes such as taxes on income, profit and capital gains is harmful to the economic growth, yet more efficient in terms of collecting the tax revenue in a country.
An Empirical Model for the Indian Foreign Investment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence From ARDL Bounds Testing Analysis
Authors: Singh Amar , Mohan Arvind
Published: March 2020

Foreign investment is a major factor to determine volatility in the stock market. To discover the influence on Stock Market volatility of foreign investment we have considered FE, FD, and FDI as proxy variables of foreign investment and Indian stock market volatility is represented by Indian vix. The period for this study is 2009 to 2017 (monthly data).  To address this issue of volatility in the long/short-run we have applied the ARDL. The preference given to the ARDL model over Johansen co-integration is to the difference in the order of integration among the variables. ARDL model allows us to combine the I(0) and I(1) series whereas I(1) required in the case of Johansen approach. Results of unit root confirm the I(0)/I(1) order of integration, which allows us to apply the ADRL bound test. F-statistics is higher than the upper bound critical value at 10%, 5% and providing the evidence of co-integration among variables at a 5% level of significance. Hence, there is a long-run relationship amid the variables. Long-run form results show the negative sign of the coefficient and it is significant. The ECM value is (-0.9671) and it confirms that nearly 96.71 % of the inaccuracy rose in each period and automatically corrected in specified time period.
Taxation Income, Graft and Informal Sector Operations in Nigeria in Relation to Other African Countries
Authors: Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the influence of the informal sector and graft on income accruing to the government through taxation in Nigeria. Informal economy and graft are the two critical activities that inhibit government tax revenue collection and negatively affect the performance of an effective government. The study employs secondary data that cover a period from 2000 to 2018.This period is the millennium period which the country is expected to overcome corruption and curtail the level of informal economic activities prevailing in the nation, but it appears that all efforts seem not to be yielding the required results. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the multi-regression analysis is performed and the results indicate that corruption is very harmful to tax revenue collection while the informal economy has no significant impact on tax revenue within the millennium period covered by this study. Thus, the study suggests formalization of legal unofficial economy activities and total eradication of corruption in Nigeria through the strengthening of the anti-graft agencies, reinforcement of the legal structure and introduction of a more severe penalty for the perpetrators.
Factors Affecting the Indonesia Stock Exchange: A Multi-Index Approach
Authors: Susilo Didik , Wahyudi Sugeng , Pangestuti Irene Rini Demi
Published: March 2020

This study examines the influence of world and regional capital market conditions on the Indonesian capital market (Indonesia Stock Exchange) condition. The DJIA (Dow Jones Industrial Average) index was used as a representative of the international capital market while the Hang Seng index and the Nikkei 225 index were used as a representative of regional capital market conditions. These two indices were chosen because the Japanese capital market was one of the most advanced capital markets in the world and the Hong Kong capital market, although not as big as Japan, still played an important role in the world. The data were obtained from Yahoo Finance during the period of 2014-2018. The dependent variable was the change in the JCI (Jakarta Composite Index), while the independent variables were changes in the index of DJIA, Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng index. Using daily data analyzed by the ARIMA method (1,1), it was found that there was a significant positive effect of DJIA with lag 1 and Hang Seng index on the JCI, but no significant effect was found from the Nikkei 225 index on the JCI.
Fair Value Accounting and Corporate Reporting in Nigeria: A Logistics Regression Approach
Authors: Adegboyegun A. E. , Ben-Caleb E. , Ademola A. O. , Madugba J. U. , Eluyela D. F.
Published: March 2020

This study examined the impact of fair value accounting on corporate reporting in Nigeria. The primary data used were gathered through a well-structured questionnaire, designed and administered to 120 respondents, who are made up of accountants, auditors, bankers, financial experts and practitioners in Lagos State, Nigeria. We adopted the logistic regression approach in analyzing the research questions. We found that fair value accounting has impact on corporate reporting. The Cox and Snell’s R-Square revealed that 67.1% of the variation in the corporate reporting was explained by the logistic model. We further found a moderate strong relationship between the fair value accounting and corporate reporting. Based on this finding, the study concluded that the used of fair value helped in predicting the earnings and assessment of the amounts, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows in corporate reporting which dependent on its reliability. However, institutional factors played an essential role in enhancing the reliability of discretionary fair value estimates which in return increased the informativeness of accounting information in corporate reporting.
Funds Manager and Mutual Funds Characteristics on Mutual Funds Performance: Empirical Evidence of Equity Mutual Funds in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati Rina , Wahyudi Sugeng , Pangestuti Irene Rini Demi , . Najmudin
Published: March 2020

This study examines the effect of investment fund managers' characteristics in the form of tenure, and mutual fund characteristics with proxy turnover portfolios, market timing and stock selectivity on the performance of stock mutual funds. The research sample is 27 stock mutual funds in Indonesia that were active from 2013 to 2017. On the analysis of the relationships between the characteristics of investment managers and mutual funds characteristics on the performance of stock mutual funds, a series of OLS regressions were run. The panel data regression was included based on using the Eviews. All of the above were aimed at achieving portfolio optimization and realizing the maximization of the interests for fund management companies and investors. The main findings are as follows. Tenure does not affect the performance of stock mutual funds during the years 2013 to 2017, but if divided into 2 quadrants of tenure, namely tenure over 19 years and tenure under 19 years of work, the result is that tenure over 19 years has a positive effect on the performance of stock mutual funds, but tenure brought 19 years has no effect on the performance of equity funds, whereas mutual funds characteristics, which are proxied by portfolio turnover, market timing and stock selectivity, have a significant positive effect on the performance of equity funds in Indonesia. The primary limitation in the scope is the sample, because stock mutual funds that publish consistently Financial statements between 2013 and 2017 are few in number. These findings have important implications for fund management companies as input material that the investment strategy of the investment management team affects the performance of equity funds compared to the characteristics of investment managers with proxies for years of service. This paper proposes a new perspective to evaluate the relationship between the fund manager and mutual funds characteristicsanddivide 2 groups of working years, and calculate them with non-linear models.
The Concept of the Process of Qualification to State Security Service
Authors: Goryca Tomasz
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study is to present the concept of the process of qualification to service in State Security Service, which was established on February 1, 2018 in lieu of the Government Protection Bureau. All requirements for candidates participating in the recruitment process to State Security Service are set out by relevant laws and ordinances of the Minister of Interior and Administration. The specificity of tasks carried out by the officers of the State Security Service requires superior physical fitness, high resistance to stressful situations and teamwork skills. The units responsible for recruitment make high demands on candidates in the face of changing security threats for the most important people in the state. Properly conducted recruitment process let the units to select the best candidates for officers who will ensure the highest standards of implementation of protective measures in the country as well as abroad. The article presents the author’s concept of such a process. For this purpose, theoretical research methods were used and documents related to the selection process for the State Security Service were analysed.
Supervisory Board of a Limited Liability Company in Slovak Law and Order
Authors: Mamojková Mária
Published: March 2020

The study focuses on theoretical and application contexts of a Supervisory Board of a limited liability company in the Slovak law and order. The author not only takes into consideration the theoretical and legal segmentation, she also allows for its application dimension, especially in relation to competence of company executives and the General Meeting. In this regard she uses arguments of respected professionals from the field of Czech and Slovak professional literature, incorporates her own findings determined by her previous scientific and pedagogical activities and based on all this she presents her interpretation of selected aspects that can be considered as principal aspects of the corporation law.
The Perspective of Using Biological Agents in Terrorist Attacks: History and the Contemporary Threats in Poland and in the World
Authors: Raźny Bartosz
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of bioterrorism and related threats in a global and national (Polish) perspective. Experiences with using biological weapons, international conventions and disarmament processes induced the prohibition of this kind of weapons in majority of countries. However, low production costs, facility of transfer and large range of biological weapons may be appealing to potential terrorists and extremist groups. The author analyses contemporary threats and problems connected with possibility of using biological weapons by unauthorized persons. He discusses the historical overview of biological agents, the response system for the threats they cause, Polish and global legal regulations, as well as selected cases of attacks. It leads to the conclusion that continuous improvement of laws concerning biological agents is needed, as well as the preparation of military and civil structures for a potential attack and related crisis and military operations.
The Phenomenon of Terrorism as a Threat to International Security
Authors: Szkurłat Izabela
Published: March 2020

The article presents terrorism as a threat to international security in the 21st century. The problem with defining terrorism has been present for many years and the available definitions are developed based on the main features of terrorism. The article emphasises that terrorism has evolved through the 20th and 21st centuries. Terrorist incidents have become more unpredictable in terms of place and time, and so did methods of carrying out the attacks. The further section describes the impact of terrorist attacks on public opinion and the perception of terrorism. The consequence of presenting terrorist incidents in the media is the widespread sense of threat of terrorism. Terrorists use the mass media to convey their ideologies and the medium that is most used by them is the Internet. Based on examples, the author demonstrates that terrorism has an influence on policies adapted by countries and is an economic threat. Finally, the article states that despite the lower frequency of incidents in Europe, terrorism is still a problem and subsequent terrorist incidents are only a matter of time. Fewer terrorist attacks in Europe do not mean that terrorist organisations are weaker.