bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Tangled Iron‐Nitrogen Co‐doped Carbon Nanosheets through a Dopamine Coordination Strategy for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Qin Ke , Zhu Zhenye , Yi Mingjie , Hu Shunyou , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: November 2021

Developing efficient, economical, and durable transition metal atom‐dispersed catalysts to boost the sluggish oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) is crucial for the practical metal‐air batteries. Herein, a facile dopamine‐coordination strategy was developed to obtain tangled Fe, N co‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets (donated as tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets), which can be utilized as high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts. Benefited from the unique hierarchical porous structures and abundant Fe−Nx active sites, the tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets exhibited excellent ORR activity in alkaline medium with more positive half‐wave potential (0.88 V vs. RHE) than 20 wt % Pt/C (0.84 V vs. RHE). Meanwhile, the tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets exhibit excellent long‐term stability and good tolerance to methanol crossover. When applying the Fe−N−C nanosheets as the cathode catalyst for primary zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), the assembled cells exhibit high open circuit voltage (∼1.43 V), high peak power density (∼89 mW cm−2) and large specific capacity of 801 mA h g−1.
Noble‐Gas Difluoride Complexes of MOF4(M=Mo, W); Syntheses, Structures and Bonding of NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4(Ng=Kr, Xe)
Authors: Bortolus Mark R. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Brock David S. , Schrobilgen Gary J.
Published: November 2021

The NgF2 ⋅ MOF4(Ng=Kr, Xe; M=Mo, W) and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4complexes were synthesized in anhydrous HF (aHF) solvent and melts, respectively. Their single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) structures show NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4have Ft−Ng−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M arrangements, in which the NgF2ligands coordinate to MOF4through Ng−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M bridges. The XeF2ligands of XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4also coordinate to F3OM−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4moieties through Xe−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M bridges to form Ft−Xe−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M(OF3)−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4, where XeF2coordinates trans to the M=O bond and Fb’ coordinates trans to the M’=O bond. The Ng−Ft, Ng−Fb, and M‐ ‐ ‐Fbbond lengths of NgF2 ⋅ nMOF4are consistent with MOF4and F3OM−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4fluoride‐ion affinity trends: CrOF4<MoOF4<WOF4≈F3OMo−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐Mo'OF4<F3OW−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐W'OF4. The [‐ ‐(F4OMo)(μ3‐F)H‐ ‐ ‐(μ‐F)H‐ ‐]∞solvate was also synthesized in aHF and characterized by SCXRD. Quantum‐chemical calculations show the M‐ ‐ ‐Fbbonds of NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4are predominantly electrostatic, σ‐hole type bonds.
The moderating effects of corporate social responsibility assurance in the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate performance
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on corporate performance. It also analyses the moderating effect of CSR assurance on the association between CSR disclosure and corporate performance, contributing to knowledge in this area. The theoretical framework of the study is based on stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory. The sample used consists of 9861 international firm‐year observations collected from the Thomson Reuters database between 2009 and 2018. Our model has been estimated using the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator. The findings show that CSR disclosure is positively associated with corporate performance, as proposed in our hypothesis. Additionally, our evidence shows that CSR assurance plays a positive moderating role between CSR disclosure and corporate performance.
Trophic niche overlap between round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and sympatric pelagic fish species in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Bachiller Eneko , Giménez Joan , Albo‐Puigserver Marta , Pennino Maria Grazia , Marí‐Mena Neus , Esteban Antonio , Lloret‐Lloret Elena , Bellido José María , Coll Marta
Published: November 2021

The northward expansion of round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) in the Mediterranean Sea, together with declines and fluctuations in biomass and landings of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) observed in recent decades, may suggest potential inter‐specific competition in the pelagic domain. The coexistence of sympatric zooplanktivorous fish species might therefore be exposed in part to trophic niche overlap and competition for food. Combining visual diet characterization under the microscope with DNA metabarcoding from stomach contents of fish collected in spring results show that predation on relatively large krill is equally important for sardinella than for the other two niche overlapping species. Furthermore, an important overlap is found in their isotopic niche, especially with anchovy, using nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes in muscle tissue. In fact, the three fish species are able to feed effectively in the whole prey size spectrum available during the sampled season, from the smallest diatoms and copepods to the larger prey (i.e., decapods and euphausiids), including fish larvae. Moreover, effective predation upon other large prey like siphonophores, which is observed only when multi‐proxy analyses in stomach contents are applied, might also be relevant in the diet of sardinella. The overlapping diet composition in spring, together with the effective use of food resource by sardinella, can be of special interest in potential future scenarios with warmer water temperature leading to lower zooplankton and/or higher jellyfish availability, where sardinella may take advantage over other species due to its feeding plasticity.
Uncoupling between intravascular and distending pressures leads to underestimation of circulatory congestion in obesity
Authors: Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Melenovsky Vojtech , Sorimachi Hidemi , Jarolim Petr , Borlaug Barry A.
Published: November 2021

Aims

Patients with obesity frequently present with dyspnoea. Biomarkers that reflect wall stress are often used to evaluate circulatory congestion and help determine whether dyspnoea is of cardiac causes. Patients with obesity display greater external restraint on the heart, which may alter relationships between intravascular pressures and stress markers.

Methods and results

Subjects with unexplained dyspnoea (n = 212) underwent cardiac catheterization with simultaneous echocardiography. Blood sampling was performed in a subset (n = 58). Relationships between echocardiographic and blood biomarkers of circulatory congestion and directly‐measured haemodynamics were compared between participants with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2, Group B) and those without (BMI <35 kg/m2, Group A). Circulatory congestion was assessed by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and vascular distending pressure was assessed by left ventricular transmural pressure (LVTMP). As compared to Group A, participants in Group B displayed higher PCWP relative to N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide, troponin T, and growth differentiation factor‐15 (all p < 0.01). In contrast, the relationships between LVTMP and the biomarkers were superimposable. Echocardiographic biomarkers revealed the same pattern: PCWP was higher for any E/e′ ratio in Group B compared to Group A, but the relationship between LVTMP and E/e′ was similar. In contrast, levels of C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1 and mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin were more robustly correlated with PCWP (r = 0.67 and r = 0.62, both p < 0.0001), with no differential relationship based upon BMI.

Conclusions

Non‐invasive haemodynamic markers underestimate circulatory congestion in patients with obesity, an effect that appears related to uncoupling between cardiac wall stress and intravascular pressures. This may lead to systematic under‐recognition of congestion in patients with obesity.
Strategies for the optimization of the structure of crystalline compounds
Authors: Pascale Fabien , D'Arco Philippe , Silvio Gentile Francesco , Dovesi Roberto
Published: November 2021

When different proposals exist (or can reasonably be formulated) for the size of the unit cell (in terms of number of atoms) and space group of crystalline compounds, a strategy for exploring with simulation methods the various cases and for investigating their relative stability must be defined. The optimization schemes of periodic quantum mechanical codes work in fact at fixed space group and number of atoms per unit cell, so that only the fractional coordinates of the atoms and the lattice parameters are optimized. A strategy is here presented, based on four standard tools, used synergistically and in sequence: (1) the optimization of inner coordinates and unit cell parameters; (2) the calculation of the vibrational frequencies not only at , but also at a set of points (in the example presented here they are eight, generated by a shrinking factor 2), looking for possible negative wavenumbers. The latter correspond to maxima, rather than minima, along the coordinate described by the corresponding normal mode; (3) the exploration of the total energy along the mode with negative wavenumber, looking for the minimum of the curve; (4) the identification of the new space group corresponding to the reduced symmetry resulting from the previous step. The strategy is illustrated with reference to the KMnF3 perovskite compound, for which many space groups are proposed in the literature, ranging from cubic to tetragonal and orthorhombic (Pnma and Cmcm) down to monoclinic (P21/m). The corresponding primitive cells contain 5, 10, and 20 atoms in the various cases, and the point symmetry reduces from 48 to 4 operators. In nature, the KMnF3 phase transitions also include the magnetic phases. For simplicity, here we limit the analysis to the ones that take place between ferromagnetic phases, as they are sufficiently rich for illustrating the proposed strategy. As the total energy differences involved can be as small as, say, 10–50 μHartree, a high numerical accuracy at each one of the steps mentioned above is required. The present calculations, performed with the CRYSTAL code, by using an all electron basis set and the Hartree‐Fock and B3LYP functionals, document such an accuracy. The energy difference between the tetragonal and cubic phases is 225 μHartree, with a volume reduction of 0.58 Å3; the differences between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are an order of magnitude smaller, being 23 μHartree and 0.06 Å3 for total energy and cell volume, respectively.
Soil bacterial community response to rhizoma peanut incorporation into Florida pastures
Authors: Guerra Victor A. , Beule Lukas , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Blount Ann R. S. , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Rowland Diane L. , Liao Hui‐Ling
Published: November 2021

Incorporating legumes is one option for improving pasture fertility, sustainability, and biodiversity. Diazotrophic microorganisms, including rhizobia that form symbioses with legumes, represent a small fraction of the total soil microbial community. Yet, they can offset nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs through their ability to convert atmospheric N2 into plant‐usable N via biological N2 fixation (BNF). This study used amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to investigate soil bacterial community composition and diversity in grazed ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures where N fertilizer was supplanted with legume‐derived N from BNF in some treatments. Treatments consisted of bahiagrass fertilized with (a) mineral N (224 kg N ha–1 yr–1), (b) combination mineral N (34 kg N ha–1 yr–1) and legume‐derived N via cool‐season clover (CSC) (Trifolium spp.) mix, or (c) combination mineral N (34 kg N ha–1 yr–1) and legume‐derived N via CSC mix and strips of Ecoturf rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Bradyrhizobium spp. relative abundance was 44% greater in the mixed pasture. Other bacterial genera with BNF or denitrification potentials were greater in pastures with legumes, whereas sequences assigned to genera associated with high litter turnover were greater in bahiagrass pastures receiving only mineral N. Soil bacteria alpha diversity was greater in pastures receiving 34 kg ha–1 yr–1 N fertilizer application and the CSC mix than in pastures with the CSC mix and rhizoma peanut strips. Our results demonstrate soil microbial community shifts that may affect soil C and N cycling in pastures common to the southeastern United States.
Clinical liver transplant tolerance: Recent topics
Authors: Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu
Published: November 2021

Background

Immunosuppression is essential after organ transplantation to prevent severe graft injury due to rejection, but in long‐term, transplanted organs are generally accepted with minimal dose of immunosuppression, and adverse effects of it such as renal dysfunction, diabetes and development of malignancies might become to exceed over the benefits in majority of the cases. Accordingly, to achieve the immunologic tolerance has been the ultimate goal in organ transplantation, and the liver has been well recognized as the tolerogenic organ compared to other organs.

Methods

We referred the reported studies showing the actual protocol to achieve the immunologic tolerance after clinical liver transplantation.

Results

Actually, two main procedures as “elective weaning of immunosuppression” and/or “cell therapy” using various immune‐related cells have been introduced to induce the immunologic tolerance in clinical liver transplantation. The cell therapy, especially using regulatory T‐cell has been reported to achieve definitive immunologic tolerance in living donor liver transplantation.

Conclusion

Although it is still developing, the induction of immunologic tolerance in clinical liver transplantation is realistic. Herein, the current topics of immunologic tolerance in liver transplantation is described.
Extracellular vesicles in inflammation: Focus on the microRNA cargo of EVs in modulation of liver diseases
Authors: Babuta Mrigya , Szabo Gyongyi
Published: November 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanometer-ranged particles that are released by cells under both normal and pathological conditions. EV cargo comprises of DNA, protein, lipids cargo, metabolites, mRNA, and non-coding RNA that can modulate the immune system by altering inflammatory response. EV associated miRNAs contribute to the pathobiology of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, acetaminophen-induced liver injury, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In context of liver diseases, EVs, via their cargo, alter the inflammatory response by communicating with different cell types within the liver and between liver and other organs. Here, the role of EVs and its associated miRNA in inter-cellular communication in different liver disease and as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target is reviewed.
Density and mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bone—A review
Authors: Öhman‐Mägi Caroline , Holub Ondrej , Wu Dan , Hall Richard M. , Persson Cecilia
Published: November 2021

Being able to predict the mechanical properties of vertebrae in patients with osteoporosis and other relevant pathologies is essential to prevent fractures and to develop the most favorable fracture treatments. Furthermore, a reliable prediction is important for developing more patient‐ and pathology‐specific biomaterials. A plethora of studies correlating bone density to mechanical properties has been reported; however, the results are variable, due to a variety of factors, including anatomical site and methodological differences. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature review on density and mechanical properties of human vertebral trabecular bone as well as relationships found between these properties. A literature search was performed to include studies, which investigated mechanical properties and bone density of trabecular bone. Only studies on vertebral trabecular bone tissue, reporting bone density or mechanical properties, were kept.

A large variation in reported vertebral trabecular bone densities, mechanical properties, and relationships between the two was found, as exemplified by values varying between 0.09 and 0.35 g/cm3 for the wet apparent density and from 0.1 to 976 MPa for the elastic modulus. The differences were found to reflect variations in experimental and analytical processes that had been used, including testing protocol and specimen geometry. The variability in the data decreased in studies where bone tissue testing occurred in a standardized manner (eg, the reported differences in average elastic modulus decreased from 400% to 10%). It is important to take this variability into account when analyzing the predictions found in the literature, for example, to calculate fracture risk, and it is recommended to use the models suggested in the present review to reduce data variability.
Prevalence of Single‐Sided Deafness in the United States
Authors: Kay‐Rivest Emily , Irace Alexandria L. , Golub Justin S. , Svirsky Mario A.
Published: November 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to obtain a reliable estimate of single‐sided deafness (SSD) prevalence in the adult U.S. population.

Methods

A cross‐sectional national epidemiologic study was performed. Participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Each cohort includes a nationally representative sample of approximately 5,000 noninstitutionalized civilians. Subjects 20 years old and over with audiometric testing were included. SSD was defined as normal hearing (pure‐tone average [PTA] of ≤25 dB) in one ear and severe or worse hearing (PTA > 70 dB) in the other, using both three‐ and four‐frequency PTA definition. Prevalence was measured as a raw number (n) and percentage (%) of the sample. Weighted estimates of prevalence were calculated based on the 2019 U.S. population census.

Results

An estimated 345,064 Americans (estimated prevalence of 0.14%, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.24) had SSD. SSD was more prevalent in individuals 60 to 79 years of age (estimated 155,917 U.S. adults, prevalence of 0.25%). A higher prevalence of SSD was noted among women compared to men (215,430 U.S. adult women, prevalence of 0.17% vs. 131,726 U.S. adult men, prevalence of 0.11%). Using a three‐frequency PTA definition resulted in an estimated prevalence of 0.11%. Finally, 27% of adults with SSD reported having “good” or “excellent” hearing despite their hearing loss.

Conclusions

The prevalence of SSD in the United States is estimated at 0.11%–0.14% (271,122 to 345,064 adults), depending on PTA definition used. These individuals could potentially benefit from auditory rehabilitation, including cochlear implantation.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 132:1652–1656, 2022
Proanthocyanidins mitigate bile acid‐induced changes in GSTT2 levels in a panel of racially diverse patient‐derived primary esophageal cell cultures
Authors: Weh Katherine M. , Turgeon Danielle K. , Rubenstein Joel H. , Clarke Jennifer L. , Howell Amy B. , Chang Andrew C. , Kresty Laura A.
Published: November 2021

Persistent and symptomatic reflux of gastric and duodenal contents, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is the strongest risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite similar rates of GERD and other risk factors across racial groups, EAC progression disproportionately impacts Caucasians. We recently reported that elevated tissue levels of the detoxification enzyme GSTT2 in the esophagi of Blacks compared to Caucasians may contribute protection. Herein, we extend our research to investigate whether cranberry proanthocyanidins (C‐PAC) mitigate bile acid‐induced damage and GSTT2 levels utilizing a racially diverse panel of patient‐derived primary esophageal cultures. We have shown that C‐PACs mitigate reflux‐induced DNA damage through GSTT2 upregulation in a rat esophageal reflux model, but whether effects are recapitulated in humans or differentially based on race remains unknown. We isolated normal primary esophageal cells from Black and Caucasian patients and assessed GSTT2 protein levels and cellular viability following exposure to a bile acid cocktail with and without C‐PAC treatment. Constitutive GSTT2 levels were significantly elevated in Black (2.9‐fold) compared to Caucasian patients, as were GSTT2 levels in Black patients with GERD. C‐PAC treatment induced GSTT2 levels 1.6‐fold in primary normal esophageal cells. GSTT2 induction by C‐PAC was greatest in cells with constitutively low GSTT2 expression. Overall, C‐PAC mitigated bile‐induced reductions of GSTT2 and subsequent loss of cell viability regardless of basal GSTT2 expression or race. These data support that C‐PAC may be a safe efficacious agent to promote epithelial fitness through GSTT2 induction and in turn protect against bile acid‐induced esophageal injury.
Competition between the stabilizing effects of saturated alkyl substituents and pi bonds on complexes of silver ion (Ag+) with alkenes
Authors: Breton Gary W.
Published: November 2021

The coordination of Ag+ ions to alkenes is of both theoretical and practical interest. While much attention has been paid to how the nature of the C=C π bond affects the coordinative process, little attention has been directed toward the effect of saturated side chains on complex stabilization despite experimental evidence suggesting its importance. Calculations employing the M06‐2X DFT functional have revealed that saturated chains can exhibit as powerful a stabilizing effect on Ag+/alkene complex formation as increased alkyl substitution about the C=C bond. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis confirms the mechanism of stabilization to be that of agostic interactions of properly‐oriented CH σ‐bonds in the saturated chain with the Ag+ ion. Analysis by the extended transition state energy decomposition approach with the natural orbital for chemical valence method (ETS‐NOCV) and the reduced density gradient (RDG) model were used to better characterize the nature of the interaction as a near equivalent combination of electrostatic and orbital interactions.
Seismic savanna: machine learning for classifying wildlife and behaviours using ground‐based vibration field recordings
Authors: Szenicer Alexandre , Reinwald Michael , Moseley Ben , Nissen‐Meyer Tarje , Mutinda Muteti Zachary , Oduor Sandy , McDermott‐Roberts Alex , Baydin Atilim G. , Mortimer Beth
Published: November 2021

We develop a machine learning approach to detect and discriminate elephants from other species, and to recognise important behaviours such as running and rumbling, based only on seismic data generated by the animals. We demonstrate our approach using data acquired in the Kenyan savanna, consisting of 8000 h seismic recordings and 250 k camera trap pictures. Our classifiers, different convolutional neural networks trained on seismograms and spectrograms, achieved 80%–90% balanced accuracy in detecting elephants up to 100 m away, and over 90% balanced accuracy in recognising running and rumbling behaviours from the seismic data. We release the dataset used in this study: SeisSavanna represents a unique collection of seismic signals with the associated wildlife species and behaviour. Our results suggest that seismic data offer substantial benefits for monitoring wildlife, and we propose to further develop our methods using dense arrays that could result in a seismic shift for wildlife monitoring.
Advances Towards the Synthesis of Aporphine Alkaloids: C‐Ring Formation via Approaches Based on One‐ and Two‐Bond Disconnections
Authors: Silva Tamiris R. C. , Rita Bruno H. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: November 2021

Aporphine compounds constitute a class of substances with important pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antiviral, anti‐HIV, anti‐inflammatory, and leishmanicidal activities. Consequently, several strategies to obtain the aporphine core have been reported. Herein this review, we provide an overview of two relevant approaches used to construct the C‐ring in the synthetic routes developed. The first approach, which is based on a one‐bond disconnection, allows C‐ring formation using a 1‐benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline intermediate (mainly) employing cyclization reactions catalyzed by metals or promoted by light. The second approach, which is derived from a two‐bond disconnection, leads to C‐ring formation via a sequence of reactions starting with [4+2] cycloadditions. Through these approaches, aporphinoids with a diverse range of substitution patterns and biological activities can be synthesized.
Dilatonic (Anti-)de Sitter black holes and Weak Gravity Conjecture
Authors: Benakli Karim , Branchina Carlo , Lafforgue-Marmet Gaëtan
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory with non-trivial dilaton potential is known to admit asymptotically flat and (Anti-)de Sitter charged black hole solutions. We investigate the conditions for the presence of horizons as function of the parameters mass M, charge Q and dilaton coupling strength α. We observe that there is a value of α which separate two regions, one where the black hole is Reissner-Nordström-like from a region where it is Schwarzschild-like. We find that for de Sitter and small non-vanishing α, the extremal case is not reached by the solution. We also discuss the attractive or repulsive nature of the leading long distance interaction between two such black holes, or a test particle and one black hole, from a world-line effective field theory point of view. Finally, we discuss possible modifications of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in the presence of both a dilatonic coupling and a cosmological constant.
D-instantons, string field theory and two dimensional string theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In [4] Balthazar, Rodriguez and Yin (BRY) computed the one instanton contribution to the two point scattering amplitude in two dimensional string theory to first subleading order in the string coupling. Their analysis left undetermined two constants due to divergences in the integration over world-sheet variables, but they were fixed by numerically comparing the result with that of the dual matrix model. If we consider n-point scattering amplitudes to the same order, there are actually four undetermined constants in the world-sheet approach. We show that using string field theory we can get finite unambiguous values of all of these constants, and we explicitly compute three of these four constants. Two of the three constants determined this way agree with the numerical result of BRY within the accuracy of numerical analysis, but the third constant seems to differ by 1/2. We also discuss a shortcut to determining the fourth constant if we assume the equality of the quantum corrected D-instanton action and the action of the matrix model instanton. This also agrees with the numerical result of BRY.
Dynamics of tilted atmospheric vortices under asymmetric diabatic heating
Authors: Dörffel Tom , Papke Ariane , Klein Rupert , Ernst Natalia , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K.
Published: November 2021

Päschke et al. (J Fluid Mech, 2012) studied the nonlinear dynamics of strongly tilted vortices subject to asymmetric diabatic heating by asymptotic methods. They found, inter alia, that an azimuthal Fourier mode 1 heating pattern can intensify or attenuate such a vortex depending on the relative orientation of the tilt and the heating asymmetries. The theory originally addressed the gradient wind regime which, asymptotically speaking, corresponds to vortex Rossby numbers of order unity in the limit. Formally, this restricts the applicability of the theory to rather weak vortices. It is shown below that said theory is, in contrast, uniformly valid for vanishing Coriolis parameter and thus applicable to vortices up to low hurricane strengths. An extended discussion of the asymptotics as regards their physical interpretation and their implications for the overall vortex dynamics is also provided in this context. The paper’s second contribution is a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations examining the effect of different orientations of dipolar diabatic heating on idealized tropical cyclones. Comparisons with numerical solutions of the asymptotic equations yield evidence that supports the original theoretical predictions of Päschke et al. In addition, the influence of asymmetric diabatic heating on the time evolution of the vortex centerline is further analyzed, and a steering mechanism that depends on the orientation of the heating dipole is revealed. Finally, the steering mechanism is traced back to the correlation of dipolar perturbations of potential temperature, induced by the vortex tilt, and vertical velocity, for which diabatic heating not necessarily needs to be responsible, but which may have other origins.
Prevalence of symptomatic axial osteoarthritis phenotypes in Spain and associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables
Authors: Silva-Díaz Maite , Blanco Francisco J. , Quevedo Vila Víctor , Seoane-Mato Daniel , Pérez-Ruiz Fernando , Juan-Mas Antonio , Pego-Reigosa José M. , Narváez Javier , Quilis Neus , Cortés Raúl , Romero Pérez Antonio , Fábregas Canales Dolores , Font Gayá Teresa , Bordoy Ferrer Carolina , Prado-Galbarro Francisco Javier , Sánchez-Piedra Carlos , Díaz-González Federico , Bustabad-Reyes Sagrario ,   on behalf of the Working Group Proyecto EPISER2016
Published: November 2021

Objective

Axial osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of back and neck pain, however, few studies have examined its prevalence. The aim was to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of symptomatic axial OA in Spain.

Methods

EPISER2016 is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based study of people aged 40 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Participants were contacted by telephone to complete rheumatic disease screening questionnaires. Two phenotypes were analyzed, patients with Non-exclusive axial OA (NEA-OA) and Exclusive axial OA (EA-OA). To calculate the prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI), the sample design was considered and weighting was calculated according to age, sex and geographic origin.

Results

Prevalence of NEA-OA by clinical or clinical-radiographic criteria was 19.17% (95% CI: 17.82–20.59). The frequency of NEA-OA increased with age (being 3.6 times more likely in patients aged 80 s or more than in those between 40 and 49 years) and body mass index. It was significantly more frequent in women, as well as in the center of Spain. It was less frequent in those with a higher level of education. Lumbar OA was more frequent than cervical OA. This difference grew with increasing age and was not associated with gender. It was also greater in overweight and obese subjects.

Conclusions

This is the first study on the prevalence of axial OA phenotypes in Europe describing the associated socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables.
Decolonizing Philosophy of Technology: Learning from Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Decolonial Technical Design
Authors: Cruz Cristiano Codeiro
Published: November 2021

The decolonial theory understands that Western Modernity keeps imposing itself through a triple mutually reinforcing and shaping imprisonment: coloniality of power, coloniality of knowledge, and coloniality of being. Technical design has an essential role in either maintaining or overcoming coloniality. In this article, two main approaches to decolonizing the technical design are presented. First is Yuk Hui’s and Ahmed Ansari’s proposals that, revisiting or recovering the different histories and philosophies of technology produced by humankind, intend to decolonize the minds of philosophers and engineers/architects/designers as a pre-condition for such decolonial designs to take place. I call them top-down approaches. Second is some technical design initiatives that, being developed alongside marginalized/subalternate people, intend to co-construct decolonial sociotechnical solutions through a committed, decolonizing, and careful dialog of knowledge. I call them bottom-up approaches. Once that is done, the article’s second half derives ontological, epistemological, and political consequences from the conjugation of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Such consequences challenge some established or not yet entirely overcome understandings in the philosophy of technology (PT) and, in so doing, are meant to represent some steps in PT’s decolonization. Even though both top-down and bottom-up approaches are considered, the article’s main contributions are associated with (bottom-up) decolonial technical design practices, whose methodologies and outcomes are important study cases for PT and whose practitioners (i.e., decolonial designers) can be taken as inspiring examples for philosophers who want to decolonize/enlarge PT or make it decolonial (that is, a way of fostering decoloniality).
Innovation and economic crisis in transition economies
Authors: Friz Katharina , Günther Jutta
Published: November 2021

Based on Schumpeterian theoretical considerations, this paper investigates the innovation behavior of firms during the severe economic crisis of the year 2008/2009. It focuses on transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which have completely restructured their innovation systems through the course of transition from planned to market economies a relatively short time ago. As a result of the crisis, we observe a strong decline of innovation activity in all transition economies. In line with the literature, there is, however, empirical evidence for both creative destruction as well as creative accumulation. This underlines two key findings: firstly, the universality and durability of Schumpeterian assumptions, and secondly, a call for anti-cyclical innovation policy.
Effects of transdiagnostic group treatment for sleep disturbances in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and autistic spectrum disorder: a pilot study
Authors: Ishii Miho , Ito Wakako , Karube Yuki , Ogawa Yuko , Tagawa Anna , Maeda Shunta , Sato Hideki , Takahashi Toru , Inomata Natsumi , Narisawa Hajime , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Watanabe Koichiro , Okajima Isa
Published: November 2021

Although adult patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have sleep problems, few studies have verified the effect of a psychological approach specific to sleep–wake rhythms on these sleep disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to develop a trans-diagnostic approach with sleep scheduling and regularity of sleep duration as core modules, and to examine the effect of the intervention in adult ADHD and/or ASD subjects with sleep disturbances. This was a within-group pilot study. Ten patients with adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances (10 males, age: 27.4 ± 5.6 years) took part in a 90-min weekly group intervention for 5 weeks. All participants were assessed on scales for sleep complaints, anxiety, depression, and symptoms of ADHD and ASD before and after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. The results showed that the intervention significantly improved sleep disturbances at post-intervention (p = 0.003, d = 1.30, 95% CI 0.31–2.28) and at the 3-month follow-up (p = 0.035, d = 0.41, 95% CI − 0.48 to 1.30). In addition, attention switching for ASD symptoms was significantly reduced post-intervention (p = 0.031, d = 1.16, 95% CI 0.19–2.13). This is the first pilot study of a trans-diagnostic group approach for adult ADHD and/or ASD with sleep disturbances. The intervention primarily led to an improvement of sleep disturbances, followed by improvement of disease-specific symptoms in adult subjects with ADHD and ASD.
Mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether
Authors: Sun Sheng-nan , Pan Yu-long , Su Zhi-bin
Published: November 2021

This study presents the mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether. In which, in-plane and out-of-plane coupling of tether is taken into account. And the coupled vibration equations of tether for the in-plane first mode and out-of-plane first mode are obtained. The one-to-one mode coupling internal resonance characteristics of submerged floating tunnel tether are studied by numerical analysis method. It is shown that, when the conditions of modal coupling internal resonance are met, with the increase of the external excitation amplitude of the tether, the mid-span displacement of the tether increases gradually. When the amplitude of external excitation is less than a certain value, the internal resonance of tether will not occur. With the increase of damping ratio, the mid-span displacement of the tether decreases gradually. When the damping ratio increases to a certain value, the internal resonance will not occur. The study is helpful to restrain the vibration of submerged floating tunnel tether.
The Political Economy of Circular Economies: Lessons from Future Repair Scenario Deliberations in Sweden
Authors: Niskanen Johan , McLaren Duncan
Published: November 2021

The dominant technocratic and neoliberal imaginary of a circular economy dependent on corporate leadership, market mechanisms, and changed consumer behaviour is here explored using the findings of deliberative stakeholder workshops examining diverse scenarios for the promotion of repair as part of a circular economy. Stakeholder responses to four scenarios—digital circularity, planned circularity, circular modernism, and bottom-up sufficiency—are described with reference to the ideologies, interests, and institutions involved. We distinguish two levels of discourse in the stakeholder discussions. The main narrative in which individualist and consumerist ideologies dominate, even within ideals of sustainability, reflects a conjunction of corporate, labour, and public interests in the market liberal social democratic state, with proposed interventions focused on the institutions of markets and education. A subaltern narrative present in the margins of the discussions challenges the consumerist and productivist presumptions of the market liberal political economy and hints at more transformative change. These conflicting responses not only cast light on the ways in which the political economy of contemporary Sweden (within the European Union) constrains and conditions current expectations and imaginaries of circularity, but also suggest ways in which the future political economy of circular economies might be contested and evolve.
More than 25 years of AKMB-news: one way to reflect the work within art and museum libraries
Authors: Schild Margret
Published: November 2021

This article describes some important steps within the history of the journal AKMB-news, published in cooperation with the board of the AKMB, and dedicated to subjects of the day-to-day work: information about the arts, museums and libraries. The author is founding member of the AKMB and a member of its editorial board since 1995.
Interventions to optimize antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Tinker Nick J. , Foster Rachel A. , Webb Brandon J. , Haydoura Souha , Buckel Whitney R. , Stenehjem Edward A.
Published: November 2021

Developing and improving an antimicrobial stewardship program successfully requires evaluation of numerous factors. As technology progresses and our understanding of antimicrobial resistance grows, careful consideration should be taken to ensure that a program meets the needs of the institution and is achievable given the available resources. In this review, we explore fundamental initiatives and strategies for both new and established antimicrobial stewardship programs, including the specific areas to target and key elements required for sustainable implementation.
Translating time-based research into team interventions: An actionable, evidence-based approach
Authors: Mohammed Susan , Schillinger David
Published: November 2021

Temporal challenges are not only contextual in nature but manifest internally in teams when members enter the team with different temporal orientations (e.g., time urgency and pacing style). Researchers have demonstrated that temporal diversity has important implications for key team outcomes (performance, timeliness, and team conflict) across a range of samples and countries. Unfortunately, the practical implications of this research have yet to be unpacked. We respond to this need by developing an approach to translate temporal diversity research studies into actionable, evidence-based team interventions. Because journal articles are often deficient on actionable steps, whereas practitioner-friendly outlets tend to be deficient on scientific rigor, incorporating both criteria necessitates merging these literatures. Specifically, we delineate four main steps: (1) identify significant moderators, (2) match the moderators to scientifically based interventions, (3) design intervention tools with specific, actionable procedures, and (4) evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention tools by designing research studies. We believe the process we outline to marry actionable and evidence-based benchmarks is applicable to other research domains in team science beyond temporal research. It is our hope that this research will be a catalyst for further exploration of interventions that can help team members navigate temporal differences.
Development of overturning circulation in sloping waterbodies due to surface cooling
Authors: Ulloa Hugo N. , Ramón Cintia L. , Doda Tomy , Wüest Alfred , Bouffard Damien
Published: November 2021

Cooling the surface of freshwater bodies, whose temperatures are above the temperature of maximum density, can generate differential cooling between shallow and deep regions. When surface cooling occurs over a long enough period, the thermally induced cross-shore pressure gradient may drive an overturning circulation, a phenomenon called ‘thermal siphon’. However, the conditions under which this process begins are not yet fully characterised. Here, we examine the development of thermal siphons driven by a uniform loss of heat at the air–water interface in sloping, stratified basins. For a two-dimensional framework, we derive theoretical time and velocity scales associated with the transition from Rayleigh–Bénard type convection to a horizontal overturning circulation across the shallower sloping basin. This transition is characterised by a three-way horizontal momentum balance, in which the cross-shore pressure gradient balances the inertial terms before reaching a quasi-steady regime. We performed numerical and field experiments to test and show the robustness of the analytical scaling, describe the convective regimes and quantify the cross-shore transport induced by thermal siphons. Our results are relevant for understanding the nearshore fluid dynamics induced by nighttime or seasonal surface cooling in lakes and reservoirs.
Diversity ofTrichobilharziain New Zealand with a new species and a redescription, and their likely contribution to cercarial dermatitis
Authors: Davis Norman E. , Blair David , Brant Sara V.
Published: November 2021

In response to annual outbreaks of human cercarial dermatitis (HCD) in Lake Wanaka, New Zealand, ducks and snails were collected and screened for avian schistosomes. During the survey from 2009 to 2017, four species ofTrichobilharziawere recovered. Specimens were examined both morphologically and genetically.Trichobilharzia querquedulae, a species known from four continents, was found in the visceral veins of the duckSpatula rhynchotisbut the snail host remains unknown.Cercaria longicauda[i.e.Trichobilharzia longicauda(Macfarlane, 1944) Davis, 2006], considered the major aetiological agent of HCD in Lake Wanaka, was discovered, and redescribed from adults in the visceral veins of the duckAythya novaeseelandiaeand cercariae from the snailAustropeplea tomentosa.Recovered from the nasal mucosa ofAy. novaeseelandiaeis a new species ofTrichobilharziathat was also found to cycle naturally throughAu. tomentosa. Cercariae of a fourth species ofTrichobilharziawere found inAu. tomentosabut the species remains unidentified.
Ethnic inequalities in health in later life, 1993–2017: the persistence of health disadvantage over more than two decades
Authors: Stopforth Sarah , Kapadia Dharmi , Nazroo James , Bécares Laia
Published: November 2021

Ethnic inequalities in health and wellbeing across the early and mid-lifecourse have been well-documented in the United Kingdom. What is less known is the prevalence and persistence of ethnic inequalities in health in later life. There is a large empirical gap focusing on older ethnic minority people in ethnicity and ageing research. In this paper, we take a novel approach to address data limitations by harmonising six nationally representative social survey datasets that span more than two decades. We investigate ethnic inequalities in health in later life, and we examine the effects of socio-economic position and racial discrimination in explaining health inequalities. The central finding is the persistence of stark and significant ethnic inequalities in limiting long-term illness and self-rated health between 1993 and 2017. These inequalities tend to be greater in older ages, and are partially explained by contemporaneous measures of socio-economic position, racism, and discrimination. Future data collection endeavours must better represent older ethnic minority populations and enable more detailed analyses of the accumulation of socio-economic disadvantage and exposure to racism over the lifecourse, and its effects on poorer health outcomes in later life.
COVID-19 related differences in the uptake and effects of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Li Ian , Millard Michael , Haskelberg Hila , Hobbs Megan , Luu John , Mahoney Alison
Published: November 2021

Background:

The impacts of COVID-19 for people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may be considerable. Online cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) programmes provide scalable access to psychological interventions, although the effectiveness of iCBT for OCD during COVID-19 has not been evaluated.

Aim:

This study investigated the uptake and effectiveness of iCBT for OCD (both self- and clinician-guided courses) during the first 8 months of the pandemic in Australia (March to October 2020) and compared outcomes with the previous year.

Method:

1,343 adults (824/1343 (61.4%) female, mean age 33.54 years, SD = 12.00) commenced iCBT for OCD (1061 during the pandemic and 282 in the year before) and completed measures of OCD (Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale) and depression (Patient Health Questionaire-9) symptom severity, psychological distress (Kessler-10), and disability (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule) pre- and post-treatment.

Results:

During COVID-19, there was a 522% increase in monthly course registrations compared with the previous year, with peak uptake observed between April and June 2020 (a 1191% increase compared with April to June 2019). OCD and depression symptom severity were similar for the COVID and pre-COVID groups, although COVID-19 participants were more likely to enrol in self-guided courses (versus clinician-guided). In both pre- and during-COVID groups, the OCD iCBT course was associated with medium effect size reductions in OCD (g = 0.65–0.68) and depression symptom severity (g = 0.56–0.65), medium to large reductions in psychological distress (g = 0.77–0.83) and small reductions in disability (g = 0.35–.50).

Conclusion:

Results demonstrate the considerable uptake of online psychological services for those experiencing symptoms of OCD during COVID-19 and highlight the scalability of effective digital mental health services.