bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Surveillance, Prevalence, and Distribution of Cacao Infecting Badnavirus Species in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
Authors: Ameyaw George A. , Kouakou Koffié , Iqbal Mohammed Javed , Belé Luc , Wolf Valentin L. F. , Keith Cory V. , Bi Bolou A. Bolou , Kouamé Christophe , Livingstone Donald , Domfeh Owusu , Gyamera Ebenezer A. , Marelli Jean-Philippe , Brown Judith K.
Published: May 2024

The cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) caused by a complex of badnavirus species presents a major challenge for cacao production in West Africa, especially Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. In this study, CSSD species detection efficiency, diversity, and geographic distribution patterns in cacao plantations in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire were investigated through field surveillance, PCR detection assays, sequencing of positive amplicons, and phylogeographic clustering. Cumulatively, the detection efficiency of the tested CSSD primer sets that were targeting the movement protein domain of the virus ranged from 0.15% (CSSD-3 primer) to 66.91% (CSSD-1 primer) on all the symptomatic cacao leaf samples assessed. The identified CSSD species differed phylogenetically and overlapped in distribution, with the cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV) (n = 588 sequences) being the most prevalent and widely distributed compared to the other CSSD species that were encountered in both countries. Geographically, the cacao swollen shoot CE virus (CSSCEV) species (n = 124 sequences) that was identified was largely restricted to the bordering regions of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. These results provide updated knowledge of the geographic distribution of the key CSSD species and their diagnostic efficiency and, thus, provide guidance in identifying locations for structured testing of cacao germplasm and optimal diagnostics for the predominant CSSD species in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire.
Partial Alleviation of Homologous Superinfection Exclusion of SeMNPV Latently Infected Cells by G1 Phase Infection and G2/M Phase Arrest
Authors: Fu Qi-Ming , Fang Zheng , Ren Lou , Wu Qing-Shan , Zhang Jun-Bo , Liu Qiu-Ping , Tan Lei-Tao , Weng Qing-Bei
Published: May 2024

Viral infection can regulate the cell cycle, thereby promoting viral replication. Hijacking and altering the cell cycle are important for the virus to establish and maintain a latent infection. Previously, Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV)-latently infected P8-Se301-C1 cells, which grew more slowly than Se301 cells and interfered with homologous SeMNNPV superinfection, were established. However, the effects of latent and superinfection with baculoviruses on cell cycle progression remain unknown. In this study, the cell cycle profiles of P8-Se301-C1 cells and SeMNPV or Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-infected P8-Se301-C1 cells were characterized by flow cytometry. The results showed that replication-related genes MCM4, PCNA, and BAF were down-regulated (p < 0.05) in P8-Se301-C1 cells, and the S phase of P8-Se301-C1 cells was longer than that of Se301 cells. P8-Se301-C1 cells infected with SeMNPV did not arrest in the G2/M phase or affect the expression of Cyclin B and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Furthermore, when P8-Se301-C1 cells were infected with SeMNPV after synchronized treatment with hydroxyurea and nocodazole, light microscopy and qRT-PCR analysis showed that, compared with unsynchronized cells and S and G2/M phase cells, SeMNPV-infected P8-Se301-C1 cells in G1 phase induced G2/M phase arrest, and the amount of virus adsorption and intracellular viral DNA replication were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, budded virus (BV) production and occlusion body (OB)-containing cells were both increased at 120 h post-infection (p < 0.05). The expression of Cyclin B and CDK1 was significantly down-regulated at 48 h post-infection (p < 0.05). Finally, the arrest of SeMNPV-infected G1 phase cells in the G2/M phase increased BV production (p < 0.05) and the number of OB-containing cells. In conclusion, G1 phase infection and G2/M arrest are favorable to SeMNPV proliferation in P8-Se301-C1 cells, thereby alleviating the homologous superinfection exclusion. The results contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between baculoviruses and insect cell cycle progression and regulation.
Assessing the Water Footprints (WFPs) of Agricultural Products across Arid Regions: Insights and Implications for Sustainable Farming
Authors: Sharafi Saeed , Nahvinia Mohammad Javad , Salehi Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Water resource management has emerged as a pivotal concern within arid regions in recent times. The water footprint (WFP) index stands out as a principal gauge for facilitating comprehensive watershed management. This study endeavors to compute the WFP of diverse agricultural products encompassing major crops, orchards, cucurbits, and medicinal plants across arid regions. This research focuses on three distinct climate scenarios: the Shazand Plain with a semidry climate, the Khomein Plain characterized by a dry climate, and the Saveh Plain exhibiting a very dry climate. This study also seeks to ascertain the climate most conducive to cultivating crops from a WFP (green, blue, and gray) perspective. To achieve these objectives, this study employed the CropWat family software to determine crop water requirements, as well as considering crop yield and relevant parameters for calculations. The findings of the investigation unveiled that the cultivated areas in the respective climates amounted to 19,479 ha (semidry), 18,166 ha (dry), and 41,682 ha (very dry). These areas were allocated as follows: 88%, 85%, and 55% for crops; 11%, 13%, and 40% for orchards; and 1%, 2%, and 5% for cucurbit crops. Importantly, the very dry climate was predisposed to allocating more land for low-water-demand orchards. Among the major crops, wheat occupied 44%, 39%, and 43% of the total areas in the semidry, dry, and very dry climates, respectively. Analyzing the overall agricultural output in these climates, it was revealed that over 79%, 69%, and 66% of production correlated with crops; 17%, 19%, and 22% with orchards; and 4%, 12%, and 12% with cucurbits, respectively. In terms of water consumption, maize and apples emerged as the highest performers, with varying consumption patterns across different crops. Interestingly, canola exhibited a substantially higher WFP, surpassing wheat and barley by 56.48% and 58.85%, respectively, in dry climates. Cucurbit crops, on the other hand, displayed a lower WFP in dry climates, which could potentially encourage their cultivation. The influence of climate warming on canola’s WFPgray introduced complexity, challenging the conventional correlation between WFP and yields. Medicinal plants consistently demonstrated lower WFP values, underscoring the need for deliberate and considerate cultivation decisions in this regard.
Treatment of Pickle Wastewater under Varying Salinity Conditions within the Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor System
Authors: Shen Nuonan , Guo Hongyun , Yao Tingting , Xu Li , Gao Youxian , Yang Ping
Published: May 2024

Pickle wastewater is a highly saline organic effluent that poses a significant ecological risk. In this study, a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was used to treat such wastewater, and a denitrification system capable of simultaneously removing high levels of nitrogen and organic matter was successfully established. Through salinity incremental increase, the system operated stably, and the removal rates of COD, TN, and NH4+-N could be maintained at about 96%, 93%, and 99% under the salinity of 3.0%. The effect of salinity on the structure and function of microbial communities in the reactor was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that increasing salinity could reduce the diversity, change the structure, and reduce the functionality of the microbial community. Under high-salt conditions (salt content of 3.0%), salt-tolerant microorganisms such as Actinobacteriota became dominant populations. As salinity increased, NOB (nitrite oxidizing bacteria) was strongly inhibited, and its abundance decreased rapidly until it disappeared. Partial nitrification–denitrification (PND) gradually became the main denitrification pathway. In conclusion, this experiment not only shows that SBBR treatment of pickle wastewater has strong feasibility, but also provides a theoretical research basis for the engineering treatment of pickle wastewater.
Nejayote and Food Waste Leachate as a Medium for Scenedesmus acutus and Haematococcus pluvialis Production: A Mixture Experimental Design
Authors: Garza-Valverde Elizabeth , García-Gómez Celestino , Nápoles-Armenta Juan , Samaniego-Moreno Luis , Martínez-Orozco Edgardo , De La Mora-Orozco Celia
Published: May 2024

The wastewaters of nejayote and food waste leachate are polluting effluents with a high load of organic matter that cause great problems when discharged to water receptors. In this work, we investigated the treatment of nejayote wastewaters and food waste leachate for the production of microalgae Scenedesmus acutus and Haematococcus pluvialis. For Scenedesmus acutus, treatment with 10% food waste leachate and 90% growth medium resulted in a concentration of 5.34 g/L in 20 days (μmax = 0.16/day). Meanwhile, 10% nejayote and 90% medium growth produced 4.45 g/L at 20 days (μmax = 0.13/d). A significant reduction of up to 82.6% ammonium, 84.1% orthophosphate, and 87.25% COD was also observed between the different treatments. For Haematococcus pluvialis, the treatment of 90% food waste leachate and 10% growth medium produced a concentration of 4.73 g/L at 6 days (μmax = 0.71/day), while the mixture of 25% najayote, 25% food waste leachate, and 50% growth medium produced a concentration of 5.5 g/L at 20 days (μmax = 0.25/dat). A reduction of up to 97.8% ammonia, 97.4% orthophosphate, and 73.19% COD was also recorded. These findings demonstrated the potential to cultivate microalgae and extract biomolecules for commercial purposes.
Transition to a Restraint-Free Inpatient Behavioral Health Setting
Authors: Bausman Dawn , Gigliotti Shawna , Meshok Margaret
Published: May 2024

Background

The use of restrictive interventions, such as mechanical restraints, has been a common practice in behavioral health settings since the field’s early infancy. The use of restraints has a harmful impact on both patients and providers alike, contraindicating the therapeutic treatment environment aimed to support the healing journey. Using a strategy of leadership, workplace development, and data, the use of mechanical restraints was fully eliminated from a 252-bed inpatient setting. Performance was sustained over the following year.

Objectives

The goal of this project was to fully eliminate the use of mechanical restraints in an inpatient behavioral health setting. Adopting the Six Core Strategies for Reducing Seclusion and Restraint Use, the hospital sought to provide staff with alternative tools supported by an evidence-based practice. The result would be a reduction of trauma and injury occurring during the restraint process.

Methods

This quality improvement project identified processes, structures, and patient outcomes related to restraint reduction within the organization. Each opportunity for improvement included a needs assessment for the identified barriers. The action steps necessary to implement change and accomplish the goal of reducing the use of four-point mechanical restraints in hospitalized patients were guided by trauma-informed care and the Six Core Strategies, in turn decreasing physical and psychological injuries, and improving patient care.

Results

Progress toward zero mechanical restraints was incremental. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used on a daily basis to support staff interventions. Active investment from leadership and allied professions provided support for a culture shift that went from using mechanical restraint almost daily to a culture where mechanical restraint is seen as a failure. This success was sustained through 2022 and is now a standard expectation for care at Belmont.

This project enabled the removal of mechanical restraints from an acute inpatient behavioral health hospital servicing children, adolescents, and adults. The factors that supported the success of this project were true endorsement from leadership, robust staff training, and continuous feedback and supervision. Sustainability over at least one year was achieved.

Conclusions

Belmont is not the first inpatient setting to eliminate restraints for its programming; however, this project provides additional evidence that a restraint-free inpatient setting is possible with sufficient investment in staff and training. Using trauma-free interventions was an additional quality benefit that has enhanced the advantages of the way this program was designed. The implementation of this model and supporting interventions can provide a roadmap for other programs seeking to enhance the inpatient experience for both staff and patients.
"Mother of Yoga": Zhang Huilan, Chris Butler, and the Popularization of Yoga in the People's Republic of China
Authors:   McMaster University, Lagace Marc Lodge Andrew
Published: May 2024

The past and present development of modern yoga within the People’s Republic of China (PRC) remains sorely understudied. To date, the vast majority of research written in English has dealt only with the practice’s manifestations in the United States, Western Europe, and India. This paper responds by investigating the initial popularization of modern yoga in the PRC during the 1980s by Zhang Huilan 张蕙兰, contemporary China’s so-called “mother of yoga,” and her guru, Chris Butler. It examines Zhang and Butler’s books from the period alongside their audio and visual material in light of the political, economic, and cultural context in which they emerged. It offers an explanation for why Zhang and Butler’s yoga was successful despite the stiff competition it faced from local psychophysical- and biospiritual-cultivation practices, namely qigong ⽓功. It explores why their brand was tolerated (possibly even supported) by authorities at a time when the Chinese state was actively promoting science in conjunction with indigenous forms of medicine and healing. Finally, it provides a reason for why Zhang and Butler were able to overcome the tumults of the 1990s and the crackdown on self-cultivation practices spurred by the Falun Gong 法轮功 incidents of 1999.
Fading into Death through Pātañjalayoga: On the Apparent Dead-like State of the Yoga Practitioner Absorbed into Contentless Samādhi
Authors:   Sapienza Università di Roma, Cestola Rocco
Published: May 2024

This article was inspired by a reading of Nāgeśa Bhaṭta’s commentary, Pātañjalayogasūtravṛtti (PYV), on Pātañjalayogaśāstra I.18. In explaining contentless absorption (asamprajñātasamādhi), Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa depicts the yoga practitioner as being “like a cadaver” (mṛtavat). The article investigates the use of metaphors of death in the Pātañjalayoga commentarial literature and aims to make sense of them in the context of asamprajñātasamādhi. This literature indicates that the yoga practitioner becomes deeply absorbed in contentless samādhi through the practice of cessation (nirodha), namely the progressive shutting down of psycho-physical drives, up to the point of their total annihilation. Thus, one might say that the practitioner attains a quasi- death-like condition. Once the practitioner has reached this advanced phase of absorption, metaphors of death are used to depict his condition. This raises the question of how these metaphors relate to the practice of yoga. I argue that these expressions were intended to convey the stillness of the yoga practitioner's mind and body, once he or she has reached asamprajñātasamādhi, which makes the yoga adept fit either for liberation-in-life (jīvanmukti) or at the time of death (videhamukti).
A função cognitiva na Doença de Parkinson: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Marchiori Pereira Camila , Massalai Renata
Published: May 2024

Introdução. A Doença de Parkinson (DP) representa a segunda condição neurodegenerativa mais prevalente no mundo, atrás apenas do Alzheimer. Além dos sintomas motores, a DP também possui uma faceta menos explorada, porém igualmente impactante, relacionada aos prejuízos cognitivos. Objetivo. Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa a respeito dos comprometimentos cognitivos associados à Doença de Parkinson, assim como, identificar quais são as práticas de promoção e intervenção realizadas atualmente no campo da neuropsicologia. Método. A busca foi realizada no mês de março de 2024 na base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) utilizando-se de descritores como “doença de Parkinson” e “função cognitiva” em português, espanhol e inglês. Resultados. Foram selecionados 27 artigos. Os resultados levaram a elaboração de três categorias exploradas: 1 - “Avaliação na Neuropsicologia: mensuração”; 2 - “A DP e os achados em pesquisas no campo da Neuropsicologia”; 3 - “Intervenções na função cognitiva e reabilitação”. A revisão revelou a diversidade de abordagens e a crescente preocupação com os comprometimentos cognitivos associados à DP. Os estudos selecionados destacam a presença frequente de alterações cognitivas, mesmo em estágios iniciais da DP, e a variedade de domínios cognitivos afetados, incluindo memória, atenção, funções executivas e linguagem. Conclusão. Os achados atuais reforçam a importância da identificação precoce do comprometimento cognitivo para um manejo adequado e interdisciplinar da doença e a implementação de intervenções terapêuticas para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
The conversion of the reinforced concrete post-war brownfield sites into greenfields: Green line buffer zone of Cyprus
Authors: Akansu Vedia , Kaya Nehir
Published: May 2024

Brownfield areas are hazardous areas that arise as a result of the disuse of industrial, commercial, and residential buildings, which pose an obstacle to planning and decision-making mechanisms for the regions in which they are located in terms of environment and energy, and are a global problem for settlements. In planning studies where sustainability principles are taken into account, both abandoned reinforced concrete structures and abandoned traditional structures that contribute to natural life should be considered together.

Brown field structures built with traditional and reinforced concrete materials can be seen in the green line region of the island of Cyprus. Converting abandoned building areas built from concrete material remaining in the unused buffer zone after the war on the island into green corridors is important to ensure sustainability.

In this context, the study was evaluated in line with the Wheeler Sustainability Principles, the weight of each marker was determined in line with the literature review and local expert reports, and a road map that could be used to transform brown areas into green areas was created. This study both contributes to the limited existing literature and reveals the effects of energy and environmental sustainability in abandoned areas.
Augmented reality in higher school as a tool for implementation of STEM education
Authors: Knysh Inna , Palshkova Iryna , Balalaieva Olena , Kobernyk Halyna , Tiahur Vasyl
Published: May 2024

The article provides a meaningful definition of the concepts of STEM technology, STEM education, STEM approach, and STEM training; the meaning and main ways of using elements of augmented and virtual reality for higher education as a means of implementing STEM education are revealed. The purpose of the article is to show the importance and necessity of using elements of augmented reality in higher education as a means of implementing STEM education. As a result, an experimental study was conducted to clarify the state of development and the use of modern innovative technologies in education, clarifying the question – of to what extent modern technologies can effectively organize distance learning, and STEM education in higher education when using elements of augmented reality, which are provided to messengers preference of educators, which platforms are used by teachers in working with students of higher education during quarantine, etc. The conclusions summarize the most effective modern technologies for preparing and conducting practical online classes in higher education as a means of implementing STEM education and highlight the most important condition for creating a STEM environment in higher education.
The offender and the theory of legal personality: International and ukrainian contexts
Authors: Husieva Vlada , Kryvoruchko Larysa , Pylyp Victoria , Makarova Olena , Shynkarenko Iryna
Published: May 2024

The ability of a person to represent and protect his interests, and bear legal responsibility for committing administrative offenses and crimes, constitutes such a category as the legal personality. The article's purpose was to compare the legal personality of an offender and criminally punishable acts by the legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts.

For this purpose, the following tasks have been set: 1) the concept and components of such a category as "legal entity" were defined; 2) the peculiarities of the concept of administrative legal personality are clarified, the limits of the administrative legal personality of a person who has committed an administrative offense are determined; 3) the limits legal personality person who has committed a criminal offense are characterized.

The value of individual sources of the United Nations and the European Court of Human Rights for solving the specified tasks is clarified. Provisions are given that indicate that certain norms of Ukraine's national legislation do not correspond to the provisions of international law. This needs to be settled, because, for example, the right to a fair trial should be equal for everyone.

The legal personality within the limits of administrative and criminal proceedings carried out by the legislation of Ukraine does not differ. However, in the case of bringing a person to justice, it is necessary to evaluate different components of legal personality.
Predicting dropout at master level using educational data mining: A case of public health students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhamad Ibrahim Abdullah , Singh Harman Preet
Published: May 2024

Student dropout and its economic and social consequences are significant issues in developing countries. Students who drop out experience reduced employment prospects and encounter social stigma. While early dropout prediction can assist in mitigating the consequences, it remains a considerable challenge. The present research employed a data mining approach to predict dropout of public health master-level students in Saudi Arabia, a developing nation that has invested considerable resources to promote higher education. The research model focused on three fundamental determinants of students’ dropout: individual, institutional, and academic. The study analysis on a dataset of 150 students revealed that all three determinants predicted student dropout. The results indicated that students with low academic performance who received an academic warning were likelier to drop out. Freshmen with poor academic achievement were particularly at risk of dropping out of college. Students between 31 and 36 years old who attended technical courses as a subject specialization could also dropout. The research contributes to the literature by suggesting that universities should consider these individual, institutional, and academic determinants to develop their dropout prevention strategies. This study has ramifications for university administrators in developing nations, such as Saudi Arabia, who can establish dropout prevention programs based on the determinants revealed in this study.
The health-restoring potential of musical art in the postwar period
Authors: Seheda Natalia , Pashchenko Inna , Chervonska Liliia , Tereshchenko Svitlana , Vrubel Hanna
Published: May 2024

The academic paper explores the prospects of using music therapy for people who have participated in hostilities or have been in the epicentre of military operations and have experienced post-traumatic stress disorder. The present research encompasses the historical documentation of attempts to apply music therapy during the First and Second World Wars, the evolution of music therapy in the latter part of the XX century, and the potential for growth in the context of contemporary conflicts, in particular, the ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine since 2014. Three main types of music therapy practices have been identified: perceptual, motor practices, and music-making. It has been revealed that the positive impact of music therapy practices is not only noted by the patients themselves but also measured instrumentally, which gives objective grounds to emphasize the importance of the health-restoring potential of musical art. At the same time, the analysis of publications shows that music therapy practices are not widespread, but rather sporadic initiatives of individual rehabilitation centers and volunteer organizations. In addition, the attempt to find out which musical works should be used for music therapy practices also brings no results due to the lack of relevant studies.
Sirenophila macquariensis (Teloschistaceae) – a new name for the lichen Caloplaca maculata
Authors: Søchting Ulrich , de Lange Peter
Published: May 2024

A new combination for Caloplaca macquariensis C.W. Dodge is made in Sirenophila Søchting, Arup & Frödén, S. macquariensis (C.W. Dodge) Søchting & de Lange. In the process we reduce the Aotearoa / New Zealand Caloplaca maculata D.J. Galloway into synonymy within the new combination, noting the lack of morphological distinctions between that species and S. macquariensis. Very little is known about S. macquariensis which is known only from the type collected from Macquarie Island, however, we offer an update on the species ecology based on collections and observations of the species on the Chatham Islands – the eastern most extension of the Aotearoa / New Zealand archipelago.
A PROBLEM OF OPTIMAL CONTROL OF LOADING POINTS AND THEIR REACTION FUNCTIONS FOR A PARABOLIC EQUATION
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Abdullayev V.M. ,   Institute of Control Systems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, vagif_ab@yahoo.com, Hashimov V.A. ,   Institute of Control Systems of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan, vugarhashimov@gmail.com
Published: May 2024

We consider the problem of optimal control of loading points and the corresponding reaction functions described by a loaded parabolic equation. Optimality conditions for control actions are obtained. The objective functional gradient formulas contained in these conditions are used in the algorithm for numerically solving the problem of optimization of loading points and reaction functions based on first-order optimization methods. The results of numerical experiments are provided. Keywords: distributed-parameter system, loaded differential equation, necessary optimality condition, functional gradient.
ESTIMATION OF THE TIME-TO0FAILURE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN A HIGHLY RELIABLE N –1-OUT-OF-N : G REPAIRABLE SYSTEM IN THE CASE OF EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF WORKING PERIODS OF ALL ALTERNATING RENEWAL PROCESSES
Authors:   National University of Water Management and Natural Resources, Rivne, Ukraine, o.o.kushnir@nuwm.edu.ua, Kushnir O.O. ,   kuchniroo@gmail.com, Kushnir V.P. ,   National University of Water Management and Natural Resources, Rivne, Ukraine, v.p.kushnir@nuwm.edu.ua
Published: May 2024

Some quantitative bounds on a convergence rate of the time-to-failure distribution function to an exponential distribution function in a highly reliable N –1-out-of-N : G  repairable system are obtained in the case of exponential working periods of alternating renewal processes. The confident time to failure of this system is also bounded. Keywords: alternating renewal process, N –1-out-of-N : G repairable system, Renyi’s theorem, semi-Markov process.
ON SOME ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF TRIHARMONIC EQUATIONS
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, Ukraine, sh93ar@gmail.com, Shutovskyi A.M.
Published: May 2024

The author considers the optimization problem for the triharmonic equation in the presence of specific boundary conditions. As a result, the triharmonic Poisson integral was constructed in Cartesian coordinates for the upper half-plane. The asymptotic properties of this operator on Lipschitz classes in a uniform metric were studied. An exact equality was found for the upper bound of the deviation of the Lipschitz class functions from the triharmonic Poisson integral defined in Cartesian coordinates for the upper half-plane in the metric space. The results obtained in the article demonstrate the connection between the methods of approximation theory and the principles of optimal decision theory. Keywords: optimization problem, class of Lipschitz functions, uniform metric, triharmonic Poisson integral.
AN ALGEBRAIC METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING ERROR-FREE BINARY NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine, litvinen@nau.edu.ua, Litvinenko А.
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model of the problem of calculating the weighting coefficients of a binary neural network is given. It is proved that in the case of step functions of neuron activation, this model is a system of linear inequalities, which is incompatible for most practical problems. A method of analyzing the system of inequalities is proposed, which allows calculating the values of the weighting coefficients and synthesizing the structure of the neural network, which ensures the absolute accuracy of the output signals. The algorithm and an implementation example are given. Keywords: neural network, mathematical model, analysis, synthesis, error.
METHOD OF OPTIMIZING THE STRUCTURE OF SOWED AREAS FOR THE ADAPTATION OF CROP TO CLIMATE CHANGES
Authors:   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, pepelaev@yahoo.com, Pepelyaev V.A. , Golodnikov A.N. ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Golodnikova N.A. ,   V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to crop production adaptation to climate change. It considers the problem of finding the future optimal structure of the sown area, considering the possible climate change scenario. It implies finding a distribution of the sown area for different groups of crops that would maximize the average annual yield while limiting the risk of crop failure due to adverse weather conditions. To solve this problem, a mathematical model was developed and used for computations. Keywords: adaptation to climatic changes, crop production, structure of sown area, risk, optimization, productivity.
Fertilidade e microbiologia do solo cultivado em sistema plantio direto de hortaliças
Authors: Nogaroli Jéssica Alves , Cunha Jefferson , Polato Angelo
Published: May 2024

No contexto do sistema de plantio direto de hortaliças, a implementação criteriosa de plantas para cobertura do solo emerge como um fator crucial, determinando um ambiente propício ao desenvolvimento das hortaliças. Este estudo avaliou e mensurou o impacto de distintas coberturas do solo – leguminosas, gramíneas, plástico e ausência de cobertura (pousio) - sobre o pH, teor de fósforo (P) disponível, respiração basal (RBS) e biomassa microbiana do solo. A pesquisa adotou um delineamento experimental em faixas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos englobaram quatro modalidades de cobertura do solo: leguminosas (amendoim forrageiro), gramíneas (milheto), plástico (mulching) e pousio (sem cobertura vegetal), em combinação com dois momentos distintos de amostragem do solo (3 e 4 meses após o plantio das plantas de cobertura). Foram coletadas amostras de solo, de cada parcela, para quantificação das análises química (pH e P) e microbiológica (RBS e biomassa). O uso de mulching plástico pode afetar negativamente a acidez do solo. Já a cobertura verde com leguminosas aumentou a disponibilidade de fósforo no solo. A escolha da cobertura de solo e o período de amostragem não exerceram um impacto significativo sobre os parâmetros microbiológicos, como a respiração basal e a biomassa microbiana do solo.
The role of the judiciary: Interpreting vs creating law – or how Hans Kelsen justified “judicial activism”
Authors: Techet Peter
Published: May 2024

Hans Kelsen was not only a legal theorist but also worked as a constitutional judge in the First Austrian Republic between 1919 and 1930. Faced with increasing political criticism due to its “activism”, Kelsen radicalized his theory of law-application. He emphasized that judicial work generates law (i.e., it is genuinely political) and that a judge can also create new law outside the framework of possible norm meanings. In this way, he was able to refute political calls for the “depoliticization” of constitutional jurisdiction. In the paper, I present why the Austrian Constitutional Court was accused of “activism” and how Kelsen responded to it. The sociological question of how the judiciary exercises political power and how this power is perceived by politics is addressed in the paper with a focus on legal history, specifically regarding the Austrian Constitutional Court during the interwar period.
Hans Kelsen no fue sólo un teórico del derecho, sino que también trabajó como juez constitucional en la Primera República Austriaca entre 1919 y 1930. Ante las crecientes críticas políticas por su “activismo”, Kelsen radicalizó su teoría de la aplicación del Derecho. Subrayó que la labor judicial genera derecho (es decir, es genuinamente política) y que un juez también puede crear nuevo derecho fuera del marco de los posibles significados de las normas. De este modo, pudo refutar los llamamientos políticos a la “despolitización” de la jurisdicción constitucional. En el artículo, expongo por qué se acusó al Tribunal Constitucional austriaco de “activismo” y cómo respondió Kelsen a ello. La cuestión sociológica de cómo el poder judicial ejerce el poder político y cómo este poder es percibido por la política se aborda en el trabajo con atención a la historia jurídica, concretamente en relación con el Tribunal Constitucional austriaco durante el período de entreguerras.
Modelación hidrodinámica en el tramo km 232-480 del Río Paraná durante la bajante 2020 a 2022
Authors: Riccardi Gerardo , Basile Pedro
Published: May 2024

Se presenta la simulación hidrodinámica en un tramo del cauce principal del río Paraná entre los km 232 y km 480 en un período que comprende la reciente bajante desde el 01/01/2020 al 31/12/2022, mediante un modelo de complejidad reducida cuasi-2D. El modelo utilizado permitió describir nivel, caudal y velocidad media integrada en la vertical en el dominio espacial discretizado en celdas de 100 m x 100 m. En el tramo existe una importante infraestructura portuaria por lo que resulta de interés la simulación hidrodinámica para aportar a la planificación de las actividades antrópicas y a la evaluación hidroambiental del aprovechamiento, control y gestión del recurso hídrico. En el período de estudio se observaron caudales entre 6800 m3/s y 16000 m3/s correspondiendo al trienio de menor volumen escurrido en lo que va de la serie moderna de niveles desde el año 1971 a la fecha. La señal de entrada consistió en la serie de caudales medios diarios en el borde aguas arriba. Para evaluar la calidad de la simulación se compararon niveles diarios observados y calculados en los hidrómetros en 6 sitios: Puerto San Martín (km 448), Rosario (km 416), Villa Constitución (km 368), San Nicolás (km 353), Ramallo (km 325) y San Pedro (km 276). Asimismo, se evaluaron valores máximos, mínimos y medios de niveles y amplitud del rango de variación de niveles. Además, se compararon las permanencias de niveles y relaciones niveles-caudales en los sitios. En la integralidad del ajuste logrado, los resultados pueden calificarse como muy buenos.
La aportación vasca al Atlas Lingüístico de Europa: crítica de un proyecto
Authors: Sánchez Carrión «Txepetx» José María
Published: May 2024

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Una poesía vasca compuesta con ocasión del nacimiento del prícipe Felipe Próspero (1657) y publicada por la Universidad de Salamanca en 1658
Authors: Clare Lucien
Published: May 2024

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Versos euskéricos del siglo XVIII
Authors: De Iráizoz Policarpo
Published: May 2024

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تقييم دور مشرفي التدريب الميداني في كلية علوم الرياضة في تنمية كفايات الطالب المعلم
Authors: Al Qarra Salem , Diabat Khalaf waleed , Ali Lina , Mazahreh Jad
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى دور مشرفي التدريب الميداني في كلية علوم الرياضة في تنمية كفايات الطالب المعلم.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفيّ لملائمته لطبيعة الدراسة وأهدافها وتكونت عينة الدراسة من طلبة مساق التدريب الميداني والتربية العملية في كلية علوم الرياضة، وبلغ عددهم (78) طالبا. تم تصميم استبانة تكونت من (21) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة محاور، وهي: (التخطيط، التنفيذ، التقويم).
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن دور مشرفي التدريب الميداني في تنمية كفايات الطالب المعلم من وجهة نظر الطلبة في دور التخطيط كان بمستوى متوسط، وفي دور التنفيذ كان بمستوى مرتفع، وفي دور التقويم كان بمستوى متوسط. كما تبين عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي الذكور والإناث ومتوسطات فئات المعدل التراكمي ومتوسطي قطاعي المدرسة (الحكومي والخاص) في كل دور من أدوار مشرفي التدريب الميداني في كلية علوم الرياضة في تنمية كفايات الطالب المعلم من وجهة نظر الطلبة.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة بعقد ورشات عمل ومحاضرات واستضافة خبراء في مجال الإشراف التربوي لتزويد الطلبة المعلمين بالمعارف والخبرات المتنوعة.
درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس
Authors: Samara Azhar Tayseer , Al-Mughrabi Ayat Mohammad
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية التعرف إلى درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس.
 المنهجية: اعتُمدت المنهجية الوصفية المسحية، حيث تم إعداد استبانة تكونت من (48) فقرة موزعة في (4) مجالات هي: (الخصائص الشخصية، والخصائص المعرفية، والخصائص المهنية، والخصائص التكنولوجية)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (151) عضوًا من أعضاء هيئة التدريس العاملين في الجامعات الحكومية والخاصة، في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية، في الفصل الدراسي الثاني من العام الجامعي 2021/2022 في العاصمة عمان.
 النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن درجة تمثل طلبة كليات العلوم التربوية في الجامعات الأردنية لخصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس جاءت بدرجة متوسطة على الدرجة الكلية، وفي المجالات الأربعة، كما بينت عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خصائص الخريجين من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس تعزى لمتغيرات قطاع التعليم، وعدد سنوات الخبرة، بينما أوضحت وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث في مجالي الخصائص المعرفية والخصائص المهنية وعلى الدرجة الكلية.
الخلاصة: خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة الاهتمام بتعزيز الخصائص الشخصية والمعرفية والمهنية والتكنولوجية لخريجي كليات العلوم التربوية؛ لتمكينهم من تأدية أدوراهم بكفاءة وفاعلية في الميدان التربوي.
واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس من وجهة نظر المعلمين
Authors: Tamimi Souhail
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرّف إلى واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم تطوير استبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات الأولية للمتغيرات حيث تكونت من (20) فقرة، تم توزيع الاستبانة على عينة عشوائية بسيطة مكونة من (282) معلما ومعلمة.
النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن واقع الثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الحكومية الفلسطينية في القدس من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاءت بدرجة عالية. وهناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخدمة لصالح (أقل من 5 سنوات)، وأنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، ومستوى المدرسة.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة تضمين مبادئ الثقافة التنظيمية في برامج تطوير الأداء المهني لمديري المدارس، والمحافظة على المستوى العالي للثقافة التنظيمية السائدة في المدارس الفلسطينية الحكومية في القدس من خلال عقد الدورات التدريبية لمديري المدارس لاطلاعهم على آخر المستجدات التربوية، وتوفير الدعم اللازم وتعزيز حقوق المعلمين  في المدارس الحكومية في القدس.
فاعلية برنامج تدريبي قائم على نظرية المشاعر الإيجابية في تنمية رأس المال النفسي –دراسة تجريبية على معلمي التعليم الثانوي بمدينة ورقلة-
Authors: Bencheikh Rabiaa , Benzahi Mansour
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى رأس المال النفسي لدى معلمي التعليم الثانوي بولاية ورقلة، والتعرف إلى مدى فاعلية برنامج تدريبي قائم على نظرية المشاعر الإيجابية لفريدركسون في تنمية رأس المال النفسي لديهم.
المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام أداتين لجمع البيانات؛ أولهما مقياس رأس المال النفسي لـليثانس وزملائه (2007)، بعد تعريبه، أما الأداة الثانية فهي برنامج تدريبي قائم على نظرية المشاعر الإيجابية لتنمية رأس المال النفسي، من إعداد الباحثين. وبالاعتماد على المنهج شبه التجريبي؛ وتم تطبيق إجراءات دراسة على عينة قوامها(40) معلما ومعلمة من معلمي التعليم الثانوي لمادتي اللغتين؛ الإنجليزية والفرنسية، تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعة تجريبية وأخرى الضابطة، وفق تصميم المجموعة الضابطة غير العشوائية بقياسين؛ قلبي وبعدي.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى رأس المال النفسي لدى معلمي التعليم الثانوي بمدينة ورقلة منخفض، وأنه توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا في رأس المال النفسي بين أفراد المجموعتين؛ الضابطة والتجريبية في القياس البعدي، لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، ما يشير إلى أن البرنامج التدريبي القائم على نظرية المشاعر الإيجابية لفريدركسون كان فعالا في تنمية رأس المال النفسي لدى معلمي التعليم الثانوي.
الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة بضرورة الاهتمام بتطوير الموارد الشخصية، والاستفادة من الإطار النظري لنظرية المشاعر الإيجابية في تحقيق هذا الهدف.
مستوى تعزيز حماية الطفل في العالم الرقمي من وجهة نظر أولياء الأمور في مدينة الرياض
Authors: Alkatheery Kholoud Rashed
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الكشف عن مستوى تعزيز حماية الطفل في العالم الرقمي من وجهة نظر أولياء الأمور في مدينة الرياض.
المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لتحقيق أهدافها. وصمم مقياس لقياس مستوى تعزيز حماية الطفل في العالم الرقمي من وجهة نظر أولياء الأمور. وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع أولياء أمور الأطفال الملتحقين في رياض الطفولة بمدينة الرياض، وتم تطبيقه على عينه بلغت من (276) ولي أمر، تم اختيارها بطريقة عشوائية.
النتائج: بينت النتائج أن أفراد عينة الدراسة موافقون إلى حد ما على إيجابيات استخدام الطفل للعالم الرقمي. وتمثلت أبرزها في الفقرة التالية: "طفلي متمكن من إجادة استخدام الأجهزة الإلكترونية، تليها الفقرة " طفلي متمكن من دخول العالم الرقمي". كما أوضحت النتائج أن أفراد عينة الدراسة مدركون سلبيات استخدام الطفل للعالم الرقمي. وتمثلت أبرزها في الفقرة التالية: "قد يساهم العالم الرقمي في انخفاض النشاط البدني للطفل، تليها فقرة" كثرة استخدام العالم الرقمي يسبب الإدمان لدى الطفل. كما كشفت النتائج أن أفراد عينة الدراسة موافقون على إجراءات أولياء الأمور في حماية الطفل في العالم الرقمي، وتمثلت أبرزها في الفقرة التالية: "أحرص على غرس القيم الدينية لدى الطفل، تليها الفقرة " أحرص على متابعه التحصيل الأكاديمي لطفلي". وأشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروقٍ ذات دلالة إحصائية في استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة تجاه (إيجابيات استخدام الطفل للعالم الرقمي وكذلك إجراءات أولياء الأمور في حماية الطفل) باختلاف توافر جهاز لدى الطفل، وكانت الفروق لصالح جهاز نينتندو.
الخلاصة: توصي الدراسة بتعزيز الحماية من الآثار السلبية عند استخدام الأطفال للعالم الرقمي.
مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم لدى معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في المرحلتين المتوسِّطة والثانوية في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ
Authors: Al-Aosail Abdulaziz Bin Faleh
Published: May 2024

الأهداف: هَدَف البحث إلى تعرُّف مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم، لدى معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في المرحلتين: المتوسِّطة والثانوية بمحافظة الأحساء، في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ.
المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف البحث؛ استُخدِم المنهج الوصفيُّ المسحي، وطُبِّقت استبانة تضمَّنت (28) فِقْرةً موزَّعة على أربع مجالات رئيسة للمشكلات، وتضمَّنت العيِّنة (186) معلِّمًا في المرحلة المتوسِّطة، و(96) معلِّمًا في المرحلة الثانوية، بإجماليٍّ بلغ (282) معلِّمًا، تمَّ اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية.  
النتائج: توصَّل البحث إلى أن الدرجة الكلية لتقدير مشكلات ممارَسات التعلُّم المتمركِز حول المتعلِّم من قِبَل معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ -جاءت "متوسِّطةً"، في المرحلتين: المتوسِّطة والثانوية، حيث بلغ المتوسِّط الحسابيُّ العامُّ نحوَ (3.14) في المرحلة المتوسِّطة، و(2.99) في المرحلة الثانوية، وتبيَّن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسِّطات درجات تقدير أفراد العيِّنة للمشكلات في المرحلتين تُعزى لمتغيِّرات (المرحلة التعليمية، وسنوات الخبرة)، وذلك باستثناء ظهور فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغيِّر (سنوات الخبرة)، في استجابات معلِّمي المرحلة المتوسِّطة في مجال (ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم في مرحلة التركيز)، لصالح مَن خبرتُه التدريسية (10) سنوات فأكثرُ.
الخلاصة: يوصي البحث بأهمية تنمية وعي معلِّمي الدراسات الإسلامية بكيفية توظيف وتوجيه ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم للتطوير المستمرِّ لممارَساتهم التدريسية، وضرورة تدريب مشرِفي مقرَّرات الدراسات الإسلامية على أساليب تنمية ممارَسات التعلُّم المُتمَرْكِز حول المتعلِّم لدى المعلِّمين، في ضوء النَّمُوذج التَّوْليديِّ البنائيِّ.
African Religion in our Contemporary Society
Authors: Muthuri Jane Kathure
Published: May 2024

Characteristically, African Religion is a resilient enterprise that cuts across centuries of interaction with other religions such as Christianity and Islam. This research article sets out to unveil its resilient characteristics, as it underlines the fact that it is part and parcel of the African cultural heritage. Methodologically, it highlights the multi-dimensional ways in which the African Religion has permeated into the lives of Africans to date. In the context of Christianity and Islam, it has remained a ‘controversial’ areaof research among theologians, as some fail to understand its relevance. On the flip-side, there are other scholars who contends that it needs to be recognized as an independent and self-fulfilling religion, just as it is the case with Christianity, Islam, and other world religions.To address the divergent views, an application of an Afro-Biblical Dialogue, as a theory, has been proposed to address this development. As the dialogical methodology, this model which was first adopted by the Jerusalem Christian Council in the wake of Hellenism(Acts15), will thus attempt to answer the question regarding the place of Gentiles who became Christians. Were they meant to abandon their religio-cultural backgrounds?