bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Recommendations for Education of Persons with Disabilities in India: A Critical Analysis
Authors: . Pravesh
Published: January 2022

Many millions of children across the globe have been marginalized or excluded from schools because they have some form of disability. These children face discrimination not only in educational institutions but also in society. India is also facing a similar situation as disabled children constitute a very large part of the population, i.e., 26.8 million (Census, 2011). To enhance their education and to make them equal members of society, many efforts have been made in India by the Government at the policy level. From the days of the Kothari Commission 1966 to the NEP 2020, many laws, and regulations have been formed to support disabled children to face life with courage and confidence.  The present research deals with a review of the policy level efforts in India made regarding the education of disabled children and to provide them inclusive and acceptable environment. Based on the review of policy documents, the research also makes some recommendations to make the education of disabled children accessible and effective, and normal in a general education system.
Defense Priming in Okra using Chemically Defined Elicitors
Authors: Kharat Kiran R. , Pottathil Raveendran
Published: January 2022

Biotic and abiotic stresses pose a threat to the growth and yield of plants. With increasing population and decreasing viable land area, there is a dire need of stress-resistant crop plants. Bam-FX treatment provides a sustainable method of priming the immune systems of plants without the need of genetic modifications.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds and seedlings were treated with chemically defined elicitors -Bam-FX solutions of different concentrations to assess its effect on seed germination and plantlet morphological growth. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and High resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS/MS) were used to assess various metabolites in treated samples. We also treated some seeds with fungus (Aspergillus sp. 100 cfu/mL) or organic acids to assess the priming effect in seeds.

We observed that, of the four Bam-FX concentrations initially selected, Bam-FX dilutions of 1:175, 1:250, 1:500 were most effective in inducing the most optimal seed germination and morphological growth of the seedlings. Bam-FX treatment led to most marked upregulation of carboxylic acid and fumaric acid in both Okra seeds and seedlings. The fungal infection seemed to exhibit synergistic effect against Bam-FX treatment. The treatment with organic acids seemed to induce certain metabolites, such as carbamic acid, phenylboronic acid, anthranilic acid, etc., that were not otherwise induced in the non-Bam-FX-treated samples. Bam-FX, though originally designed for optimal plant growth in space, exhibited a high potential in priming the defense mechanisms of Okra against abiotic stresses.
Standard Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Attributing Traits in Early Maturing Maize Hybrids
Authors: . Viqar-Un-Nisa , Dar Z. A. , Naseer S. , Khan M. H. , Lone A. A. , Wani M. A. , Rather M. A. , Qureshi A. M. I. , . Wajhat-Un-Nisa , Lone Bilal Ahmad , Hamid Aflaq , Ali Gowher , Fayaz Asma , Kumar S.
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted at the research farm of Dryland Agriculture Research Station, SKUAST-Kashmir during the kharif of 2019. Range of heterosis was calculated over standard check. The most desirable cross combinations viz., KDM-440 x KDM-914A (-5.879), KDM-440 x V-335 (-4.468), KDM-930 x V-351(-4.165), KDM-927A x V-335 (-3.986), CML-470 x KDM-914A (-3.808) for days to maturity, KDM-347 x V-351 (4.967) CML-470 x KDM-914A (4.610), CML-474 × V-351(-4.396), KDM-927 A x V-351 (-3.110), KDM-930 x V 335 (2.896) for number of kernel rows per cob, KDM-347 x V-351(-7.544), KDM-440 x V-351 (6.438), KDM-916A x KDM-914 A(6.117), CML-470 × V-351(5.992), CML-474 x V-335 (5.274) for number of kernels per row, KDM-340 x V-351 (3.966), KDM340 x KDM-914A (3.150), KDM-930 x V-351(3.165), KDM-440 x KDM-914 (3.556), KDM-347 x V-351(3.324) for 100-grain weight, KDM-347 x V351 (34.197), KDM-440 x V335 (28.933), CML470 x KDM-914A (29.380), KDM-895 x KDM914A (25.383), KDM927A x KDM-914A (19.549) for grain yield per plant were observed in the present study. The range of heterosis  over  standard check for days to maturity from -3.796 (CML-425 × KDM-914A) to (2.414) CML-474 × KDM-914A. The extent of heterosis for number of kernel rows per ear over standard check ranged from CML-470 x V-335(28.576) to KDM-916A × V -335(-2.143), for quantity of kernels per row maximum well known heterosis ranged from CML-470 × V-351 (19.079) to KDM-347 × V-351 (-15.132), for 100- grain weight, heterosis ranged from 22.3% for CML-470 x KDM-914 A  to -3.5% for KDM-916A × V-335. For grain yield per plant, heterosis ranged from 61.9% for CML-470 x K DM-914 A to 9.3% for KDM916A x V-335. Standard  heterosis for crosses CML -470 × KDM-914 A, CML-474 × V-351, KDM-440 × V-335 should be tested for multilocation to make valid conclusion related to their use in commercial maize cultivation.
Fleurya Aestuans Leaves and Tetrahydroxyflavone Mitigate Lead Induced Testicular Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: C. Nwafor Charles , Charles Ifedi I. , P. Inyang Ekikereabasi , M. Uvoh Solomon , B. Ogwihi Okache , Ebiyemzi Alagha B.
Published: January 2022

The effects of Fleurya aestuans leaves and tetrahydroxyflavone on the reproductive functions of lead acetate induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats was investigated in this study. The study animals were divided into control group (A) and toxicity-induced groups (B, C, D, E, F, and G). To determine all particulate parameters under inquiry, the study used established procedures. Histological and tissue biochemical studies were performed on the testes and caudal epididymis. The most active compound in the extract was found to be tetrahydroxyflavone, and treatment of the extract resulted in a significant (P<0.05) improvements in male mating behaviors, conceptive hormones, sperm parameters, and testicular biochemical parameters. The frequency of mount, intromission and ejaculation rose significantly (P<0.05), but the latencies of mount, intromission, and ejaculation, decreased. Similarly, the treatment of the extract with tetrahydroxyflavone reversed the harmful effects of lead acetic acid on various organ systems in the research animals, such as the epididymis and testes. As a result, the study recommends that Fleurya aestuans leaves be used to treat reproductive problems. The dose in human being experiment may be beneficial to patients with reproductive problems.
Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Rhizosphere Soil Samples from Basmati and Non-basmati Rice Growing Areas of Jammu Region, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Raina Tanveer Kour , Kumar Salgotra Romesh , Dey Tuhina , Singh Brajeshwar , Sharma Sushil , Johar Prerna
Published: January 2022

In the current study, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from six different locations of rice fields in Jammu, Kathua and Samba districts of Jammu region of UT of Jammu and Kashmir, The soil samples were processed and analysed from their physicochemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected from each sampling site and analysed for Organic Carbon (OC), soil pH, Salinity,  Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium, along with this the micronutrient profiling of the samples was also conducted following the standard protocols. The overall mean results for soil pH level, OC, N,P, and K content of the majority of rice fields in the research locations were favourable for rice production; nevertheless, the ideal pH and NPK levels should be evaluated on a regular basis to ensure the best potential rice harvests.
The Environmental and Socio Economic Signatures of Landcover and Landuse Dynamics in the Ndu Tea Estate, North West Cameroon
Authors: Akoh Ndi Roland , Kelvin Nfor , Tiafack Ojuku
Published: January 2022

Land is a fundamental factor of production and thus the source of all forms of material wealth. For a sustainable utilization of the land resources, it is essential to know its natural characteristics, extent, location and limitations of various land uses as improper land use is the cause of different forms of environmental degradation. This paper sets out to quantitatively analyze the spatio- temporal dynamics of landcover and landuse patterns in Ndu Sub-Division with emphasis on land for tea cultivation in a bid to provide useful information to stakeholders on the environmental and socio economic signatures. The methodology consisted of three phases; the first phase handled data acquisition, vectorization and satellite image processing. This was followed by field work, aimed at verification of ground truth, collection of GPS waypoints, GPS tracks and attribute data. The third phase consisted of post field activities, comprising of restitution and validation of data, map production and analysis. The findings show that between 1988 to 2018, Ndu Sub Division experienced a drop in farmlands and savanna vegetation by 1.9% (from 60882.7 to 58616.6ha) while forests, built-up areas, tea parcels and small holder schemes witnessed an increased by 1.1% (18109.7 to 18500.9ha), 39.7% (13184.4 to 3051.5ha), 5.2% (619.85 to 688.27ha) and 100% (0 to 73.2ha) respectively. Such dynamics have been accompanied by both positive and negative imprints. On the positive side, the Ndu Tea Estate is a catalyst in rural livelihood transformation and development. The participation of the local populations in the activities of the estate has led to income improvement and poverty alleviation. However, land tenure disputes, labour abuse characterized by low wages, poor living conditions for unskilled workers and job insecurity are glaring. On the environmental side, bush fires, environmental pollution through chemical spraying, fertilizers and deforestation are common.
The Potential Effect of Henna (Stone Dye) Extract Paraphenylenediamine on Human Blood Cells, Liver and Renal Function
Authors: Eissa Umsalma B. , Khogali Fathia , Mohamed Elamin E. , Osman Elbadri E. , Elmahi Osman Mohammed , Waggiallah Hisham Ali
Published: January 2022

Some of the dyes that are used for coloring hair and skin contain a chemical compound called paraphenylenediamine (PPD), which is potentially toxic. The study comprised 50 adult Sudanese women who were selected by stratified random sampling and working as henna artist. Urine samples were taken for detection of PPD while blood samples were taken for investigating kidney and liver functions by measuring its relevant hematological indices. In other hand Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to detection of PPD in black henna (stone dye) samples and urine. The PPD was detected in the urine of all women who used the black henna its concentration varied according to duration of exposure being significantly higher in those with >10 years of exposure (p≤0.01). Similarly significant changes in liver function, kidney function and hematological indices were found in the group of women who used natural henna. This study concluded that natural henna is safe to use, while Black dye is potentially hazardous. It contains the high concentration of PPD, is the one most commonly associated with adverse effects.
A Study of the Attitudes towards Mentally Ill People among a Sample of Primary Health Care Physicians in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ghowinam Mohamed , Lamlom Mohamed , Harthi Ahmed Al , Hassan Ahmed S. , Rayyani Sarah Ahmed , Alghamdi Nada Abdulhakim , Felemban Afnan Samih , Jan Abdulla Abid , Thabet Salman Anwar , Abdulbari Ragad Abdulaziz , Rafeea Wareef Adnan
Published: January 2022

Background: Psychiatric illnesses are a public health problem worldwide, affecting people of all age. Mental health is an important sector of primary health care services. An increasing number of Saudi citizens and residents utilize primary healthcare services for mental health concerns; hence, there is a need to objectively assess these doctors' attitudes towards people with mental illness.

Objectives: Assessment of the attitudes toward mentally ill people among a sample of primary health care physicians in Saudi Arabia & determination of risk factors associated with bad attitudes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 30 days (1st September 2021 to 30 September 2021). The study has been conducted on Convenient Sample of Arabic speaking physicians working in primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia who accepted to share in research. Demographic Data was gathered using an electronic self‑administered questionnaire and physicians’ attitudes towards mentally ill people have been evaluated by an Arabic previously validated Questionnaire.

Results: This study included 214 physicians, 114 male physicians and 100 females. 72% of participants have a highly positive attitude toward mentally ill patients with a mean score (50±4) and only 28% of participants have a negative attitude with a mean score (38±4). Better attitudes were significantly associated with being female, having (Board, PhD or Fellowship), working for less than a year and having a history of involvement in the care of a mentally ill person. There were no statistically significant differences regarding participants age, nationality, marital status, place and mode of residency, specialty, and having current or past history of mental illness.

Conclusions: Primary health care physicians in Saudi Arabia have positive attitudes toward mentally ill patients, female physicians , having (Board, PhD or Fellowship), working for less than a year and having a history of involvement in the care of a mentally ill person were significantly associated with better attitudes.

Recommendations: Further larger studies are needed on large number of primary health care centers physicians in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. Additional research and programmatic work are needed to understand the reasons for negative attitudes. Effective teaching and training programs is necessary to bring in positive attitude change towards mentally ill people among primary health care physicians.
Morphological Characteristic and Incidence of Elongate Styloid Process in South Indian Population: A Case Series
Authors: Nisha M. Afrin , Prathap Lavanya , Lakshmanan Ganesh
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Styloid process is a slender osseous projection, cylindrical and sharp projection of the temporal bone, located in front of stylomastoid foramen. Styloid process is from Reichert’s cartilage of the second branchial arch, this is a part of the splanchnocranium. This is Connected to the hyoid bone through the Stylohyoid ligament. The morphology of the Styloid process is due to hormonal and genetic changes. Orthopantomography is a radiographic method used to visualise mandibles. It also provides a rotational view of the jaw. The aim of the study is to analyse the elongation of the Styloid process in the South Indian population.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in dental institutions with convenience sampling. The random orthopantomogram sample was collected from a dental institution. Total number of orthopantomogram involved in the study was 80 (40-males and 40-females) that is used to examine elongation of the Styloid process in the South Indian population. The minimised sampling bias is done by stratification according to age and gender.

Statistical Analysis: The data were analysed by using SPSS software. The probability value p< 0.05 is considered as significant and the value p>0.05 was considered as not significant.

Results: This study showed various types of Styloid processes in males and females. However we concluded that there is a difference in shape of Styloid processes. The most common type of the Styloid process found in males is pseudo articulated (32.5%) whereas in females the most common type of Styloid process found is uninterrupted (37.5%)

Conclusion: From the current study we have concluded that the pseudo articulated Styloid process is more in males whereas uninterrupted is more in females. Only retrospective studies were done so far. Therefore in future studies with live models and larger sample size should be conducted.
Factors Associated with Glycaemic Control among Diabetic Subjects in Essaouira Province, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Houguig Khaoula , Rkha Samia , Rayadi Mahassine , Ouzennou Nadia
Published: January 2022

Aims: The objectives of this study are to determine the frequency of poor glycaemic control, defined by a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) rate ≥ 7% in diabetic subjects in the province of Essaouira (Morocco), and to identify the associations between poor glycaemic control and socio-demographic, psychosocial, and pathology-related factors in the diabetic subject.

Study Design: This is a a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study.

Methodology : A face-to-face interview was conducted with 522 diabetic subjects followed at 12 health centers ,4 urban and 8 rural, in the province of Essaouira, between January and December 2020

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 57 years,78% female and 22% male. HbA1c was≥7% in 60% of cases. Rural residence (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.86-4.05), poor observance of medication (OR=5.57, 95% CI: 3.07-10.11), poor observance of hygiene and dietary rules (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 2.76-6.11), duration of diabetes more than 8,4 years (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85), low monthly income (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85) , were statistically associated with poor glycaemic control. On the other hand, being a member of a diabetes association (OR=2, 95% CI: 1.31-3.06) and having good support from family and friends (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.35-2.85) have positively influence glycaemic control.

Conclusion: More than half of the diabetic subjects had a poor glycaemic control, the diabetic subjects living in rural areas, having a poor observance of medication, having a poor observance of hygiene and dietary rules and having a duration of evolution of the disease more than 8,4 years are more susceptible to have glycaemic imbalance.
Ocular Manifestation of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Tarang Tanmay , Shinde Pranaykumar , Kher Praveena
Published: January 2022

In December month of 2019, a few pneumonia cases of mysterious origin were discovered in a city in China. Later it was found to be coronavirus which caused mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections in patients. WHO designated it a pandemic in March 2020. The virus belongs to the coronaviridae family. The clinical symptoms that are seen in covid-19 are fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, etc. ocular manifestations of covid are rare, but some of them include dryness of the eye, pain, discharge, itching, etc. the most common and essential manifestation is conjunctivitis. It is spread through droplets. Proper protection and hygiene can minimize the spread of this infection.

Other than the very much known respiratory illnesses such as cough, cold, loss of taste, smell, etc., the covid 19 was also seen to have some ocular manifestations. Studies showed 1 out of 10 patients to have some visual change during the illness period. The most common ocular manifestation is that of conjunctivitis. Although, conjunctivitis must be differentiated from other causes of eye redness. There are many different kinds of conjunctivitis of different etiologies; it is essential to know the exact etiological factor for providing the patient with definitive treatment. As covid is very contagious, ocular examination and management are also challenging since it can spread from the doctor to the ophthalmologist attending them. So, prevention is possible to deal with this ongoing pandemic and its ophthalmic complications.
Insilco Study on the Structural Characterization and Inhibitor Detection for Super Small Secreted Glycoprotein of Reston ebolavirus
Authors: Uday Muddapur M. , Melmalagi Priya I. , Kamble Prajwal J. , Ummannanavar Nikita M. , Munavalli Ramya , Bahafi Amal , Khan Aejaz A. , Iqubal S. M. Shakeel , Mohammed Tasneem , Ikbal Abdul Rahman , Khan Kayamkani Abedulla , Maqbul Muazzam Sheriff , Shaikh Ibrahim Ahmed , Priya V. G. Shanmuga
Published: January 2022

Super small secreted glycoprotein (ssGP) is a virulent protein that plays a vital role during the Ebola viral infection. This study entails in silico structural and finding inhibitor compound for the secreted glycoprotein of Reston ebola virus (strain Philippines-96). The physical and stereochemical properties and the protein's secondary and tertiary structure were predicted initially. Later, as the predicted model was evaluated to be a reliable structure, binding pockets were predicted, and known binding ligands to similar proteins were identified. Analogue compounds to known ligands were collected and docked against ssGP. The compound with the least binding energy was identified and recommended as a potent inhibitor towards ssGP. From this study, in-vitro and in-vivo analysis was computed for the selected ligand for designing effective drugs against Reston ebolavirus.
Comprehensive Analysis and Assessment on Codon Usage Pattern of Hemolytic Genes from Different Strains of Leptospira interrogans
Authors: Dharmashekara Chandan , Gopal Sabhyata M. , Vaidya Gayatri , Shreevatsa Bhargav , Bhavana H. H. , Srinivasa Chandrashekar , Gopinath S. M. , Kollur Shiva Prasad , Patil Sharanagouda S. , Suresh Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa , Achar Raghu Ram , Prasad Ashwini , Shivamallu Chandan
Published: January 2022

Background: Leptospirosis is a disease that is zoonotic in nature. It is easily able to survive in the environment and gets transmitted from the reservoir hosts such as rat to humans. Though the cause of Leptospira interrogans virulency is not determined, these studies expresses that the product of a Leptospira interrogans gene sphH is hemolytic in nature and is capable of lysing the erythrocyte cells and also few epithelial cell membranes.

Aim: In this study, we have analyzed the codon usage bias of the gene sphH, taken from 49 strains of Leptospira interrogans.

Materials and Methods: Data Collection: The full CDSs nucleotide of the gene sphH from 49 Leptospira interrogans was downloaded separately in FASTA format from the NCBI nucleotide database. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) program was used to edit and align the coding sequences. With the help of statistical techniques such as RSCU and ENC we have determined the codons mostly used to express the gene sphH and source of the bias with methods such as parity rule 2, neutrality plots.

Result: The nucleotide content of the , gene across 49 variants of leptospira divulged that the usage of A (36.03% ± 0.74) and T (31.81% ± 0.65) occurred more frequently than the usage of G (17.88% ± 0.57) and C (14.28% ± 0.66) making the gene composition AT more than GC. The composition of bases in the 3rd position saw base T most frequent than base A.

Conclusion: The codon and amino acid use patterns reflect this bias in genetic composition. Leptospiral strains have a similar general codon usage pattern and are slightly biassed. The majority of the frequently occurring codons are A- and U-ending, showing that mutational bias is the primary driver determining codon usage in this bacterium. There were significant changes in synonymous codon usage frequencies between Leptospira interrogans and with other virulent strains. Codon use preferences to account for these differences.
Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatments of Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Singh Aditi , Mahajan Shital
Published: January 2022

Helicobacter pylori is the first officially known recognized bacterial carcinogen with more than half the world's population colonized by the gram-negative bacterium. However, more often complications are seen in adults than in children.

Decreased Helicobacter pylori can be a two-edged sword, reducing the incidence of stomach ailments while increasing the risk of allergies and constipation. Helicobacter pylori causes various diseases ranging from gastritis to gastric lymphoma.

A number of research have been done on H. pylori which play a crucial role in their diagnosis and in finding an appropriate treatment against specific diseases caused by them. The choice of diagnostic method is based on relevance of cost, effectiveness against antimicrobial resistance and less side effects of the drugs used un the treatment. If the disease is not treated properly, the colonization can persist for a lifetime. Recently, an increase in drug resistance has been observed worldwide. Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of any type of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance before the administration of detoxification is particularly important.

Initially the article introduced the pathogenesis and microbiology of Helicobacter pylori. Later there is a complete overview of the diagnostic methods currently available for the detection of the infectious agent. The review also focuses on using next generation sequencing in the detection of the bacterium. To date, advanced sequencing technologies and their applications within the lab settings are in line with Helicobacter pylori management guidelines thereby helping in early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease.
Evaluation and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Alabdaly Hani Mohammed , Alassaf Othman Mohammad , Kabrah Danah Kamal , Almadi Khaled Bassam , Alhabib Renda Ali , Alotaibi Rakan M. , Almalki Abdullah Salem , Alghamdi Fahad Azib , Albalawi Reema Abdullah H , Hakami Laila Hamad , Alajmi Moudhi Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Constriction of the large and medium-sized cerebral arteries following an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a well-known condition that primarily affects the anterior circulation supplied by the internal carotid arteries. SAH is a rare but potentially fatal type of stroke. Across the literature, authors have defined vasospasm using terms such as "symptomatic vasospasm," "delayed cerebral ischemia" (DCI), "transcranial Doppler vasospasm," and "angiographic vasospasm." Because posthemorrhagic vasospasm causes significant neurologic morbidity and death, there has been a great deal of interest and research into its physiologic basis and developing effective preventative and treatment strategies. The triple-H therapy hemodynamic augmentation technique, which includes hypertension, hemodilution, and hypervolemia, has been an important part of the treatment. In this article, we'll look at cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage, including its causes, epidemiology, evaluation, and, most importantly, management.
The Prevalence of Antenatal Depression among Women in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfahl Samah , Alharbi Alhanouf Dhaifallah Hamad , Alshahrani Najim Z.
Published: January 2022

Background: Antenatal depression is a recognized global burden. However, it has remained an ignored part of public health. Most of the maternal depression interventions have been directed towards post-natal depression.

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to understand the third-trimester antenatal depression risk factors and prevalence among Saudi Arabian women.

Method: This study employed cross-sectional study design from April 2020 to June 2020 and 201 participants were recruited for this study. The study was conducted at Medina in the Maternity and Children's Hospital (MCH) from April 2020 to June 2020. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women who visited the outpatient clinic of antenatal care in MCH. Pregnant women who had a known familial history or already been diagnosed with depression before pregnancy were excluded from this study. The collection of the data was through researcher administered questionnaire to the pregnant women meeting eligibility criteria who were visiting the clinic of antenatal care at the Maternity and Children's Hospital. Data were collected using a structured and validated Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Anova and t-test statistics. 

Results: Antenatal depression among participants stands at 35.8% for normal/ minimal depression, 31.3% for mild depression, 3.9% for moderate depression, 5.5% for moderately severe, and 3.5% for severe depression. Antenatal depression was mostly prevalent in the third trimester.

Conclusion: The antenatal depression prevalence among pregnant women in Medina is high. Screening for mental health problems and provision of supportive mental health services as a component of antenatal care services is recommended.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Patel Khushboo , Shah Ujashkumar , Patel Darshak , Patel Jayvadan K. , Patel Tejas B.
Published: January 2022

Aims: Dolutegravir (DVR) and Lamivudine (LMN) is anti-viral drug combination used in treatment of HIV-I infection. FDA approved dosage regime for DVR and LMN is 50mg and 300mg respectively. The aim of present research work is to develop and validate a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of DVR and LMN in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Further the stability indicating nature of method has been evaluated.

Methodology: A chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil BDS C18, 250 × 4.6 mm 3.5 μm particle size, column as stationary phase and mobile phase composed of Phosphate Buffer pH 3.0: Acetonitrile (60:40%V/V) with flow rate of 1.5mL/min with 20µL injection volume. The analytes were estimated at 232nm using PDA detector. The DVR and LMN solutions were exposed to various forced degradation stress conditions to evaluate the stability behavior of the product. The method was also validated as per ICH Guideline (Q2R).

Results: The retention time for DVR and LMN was found 3.94 and 2.62 min, respectively. The developed method was found linear within concentration range of 27.5 to 82.5 μg/ml (50-150%) for DVR and 167.5 to 502.5 μg/ml (50-150%) for LMN. The% recovery (Accuracy) was found between 99.50%-101.23% and 100.09%-101.51% for DVR and LMN respectively in range of 50-150% for both drugs. The%RSD for the accuracy at all levels was less than 2.0%. LOD and LOQ, for DVR were found to 0.669 and 2.028 μg/mL, respectively, and for LMN 0.102 and 0.308 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method indicates no interference from the excipients and degradants peaks. All the degradant peaks were having been efficiently resolved through the use of the evolved analytical method with changed retention times. The results obtained were statistically analyzed and meet the acceptance criteria as specified in ICH Q2R1 guideline. Hence, developed method can be successfully applied for the analysis of estimation of DVR and LMN in bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage form.
Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation on Emotional Maturity of Mothers of Cerebral Palsy Children
Authors: Wane Madhuri , Telang Priyanka , Kulkarni Chaitanya A.
Published: January 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of movement that is seen in early childhood. Children with CP sometimes are not able to walk, sit, crawl, or rollover, as early as other kids of their age. This study aims to find the impact of mindfulness meditation on the emotional maturity of mothers of cerebral palsy children.

Methods: We did this research at Acharya Vinoba BhaveRural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, we included 50 mothers of children of cerebral palsy visiting at Paediatric therapy unit at Ravi Nair physiotherapy college, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. The Purposive Sampling Method was used and the study duration was 6 months. We used variables such as age, educational status, occupational status, income, marital status, region, and emotional maturity scale questionnaire.

Results: The research analysis revealed a high degree of emotional immaturity in the mothers of children with CP from the rural population. 4% of the women were emotionally immature and 96% of them had an extremely immature type of EMS. After giving intervention there was an improvement and the EMS score at 12 weeks was 2% were emotionally immature and 48% were extremely emotionally immature at 24 weeks 0 % were emotionally immature and 24% were extremely emotionally immature.

Conclusion: Education has a marked effect on people. Mental health training is among the most efficient way of controlling emotional debility and making mothers emotionally strong and preventing social harm. This research looked at the impact of mindfulness meditation on the mental health of mothers of cerebral palsy children.
Laparoscopic Resection for Lymphangioma Originating From Small Intestine: A Case Report
Authors: Imamura Hiroki , Hirose Hajime , Yoshioka Shinichi , Mokutani Yukako , Takeda Masashi , Kidogami Shinya , Kishimoto Tomoya , Hashimoto Yasuji , Kawada Junji , Tamura Shigeyuki , Sasaki Yo
Published: January 2022

Background

Lymphangioma originating from the small intestinal wall is a very rare finding. There have been only 15 case reports on the disease. Here, we report a case of lymphangioma in the small intestine that was resected laparoscopically. We also provide a literature review.

Case Presentation

A 37-year-old man came to our hospital with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. Physical examination showed mild tenderness in the lower abdomen, but rebound tenderness or guarding was absent. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed local poor enhancement in distal ileum, suggesting the possibility of mucous necrosis. Conservative therapy was started. On the eighth hospital day, although his abdominal symptoms improved, a follow-up computed tomography scan showed no improvement in the distal ileum lesion. Laparoscopic tumor resection was performed. The patient's postoperative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged on postoperative day 7. The pathologic result of the surgical specimen was lymphangioma of the ileum. The patient is still alive with no sign of recurrence 19 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Lymphangioma originating in the small intestinal wall is a very rare disease. Laparoscopic resection seems to be a preferable method for surgery.
Hartmann's Reversal Through Transanal Hand-Sewn Anastomosis With Rectal Mucosectomy for a Challenging Case: Case Report
Authors: Park Byung-Soo , Cho Sung Hwan , Jung Hyuk Jae , Son Gyung Mo , Kim Hyun Sung
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Despite the advances in surgical techniques, Hartmann's reversal is often considered a difficult procedure, and the stoma cannot be restored in up to 40% of the cases. We report a patient with a challenging case of severe dense adhesions and a short rectal stump who recovered successfully after undergoing Hartmann's reversal through rectal mucosectomy and transanal hand-sewn anastomosis.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old man had multiple bowel injuries, including rectum, bladder, and ureter laceration, due to a stab wound. He underwent Hartmann's procedure with a short rectal stump. One year and 9 months later, Hartmann's reversal was performed. In the operative field, severe dense adhesions were observed in the pelvic cavity. Therefore, complications, including fistula, were likely to occur. Thus, we minimized the dissection around the rectal stump and avoided stapled anastomosis. Proctotomy was performed behind the rectal stump, and the proximal colon was inserted into the rectum. Rectal mucosectomy was performed for the rectum above the expected anastomosis site. Colorectal hand-sewn anastomosis was performed on the rectum, 3 cm from the anal verge. The patient recovered well after the surgery, and has remained healthy, without any discomfort, except for frequent defecation.

Conclusion

Rectal mucosectomy and transanal hand-sewn anastomosis were performed in a complex case of Hartmann's reversal, resulting in the patient's successful recovery without complications. This study recommends the preceding surgical technique for similar cases.
Emergency Department Return Visits After Having Left Without Being Seen
Authors: Evans Christopher S. , Turer Robert W. , Hanna John J. , Pendley Emilie , Medford Richard J.
Published: January 2025

This retrospective cohort study examines the incidence of return emergency department visits among patients who left without being seen at a prior index visit.
Cardiovascular Safety of Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Older Adults or Adults With Disability With Migraine
Authors: Yang Seonkyeong , Orlova Yulia , Park Haesuk , Smith Steven M. , Guo Yi , Chapin Benjamin A. , Wilson Debbie L. , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan
Published: January 2025

Importance

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRP mAbs) offer effective migraine-specific preventive treatment. However, concerns exist about their potential cardiovascular risks due to CGRP blockade.

Objective

To compare the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between Medicare beneficiaries with migraine who initiated anti-CGRP-mAbs vs onabotulinumtoxinA in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, sequential cohort study was conducted among a nationally representative population-based sample of Medicare claims from May 2018 through December 2020. Data analysis was performed from August to December 2023. This study included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 18 years or older with migraine who initiated either anti-CGRP mAbs or onabotulinumtoxinA. Beneficiaries who had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, cluster headache, malignant cancer, or hospice service within a 1-year baseline period prior to treatment initiation were excluded. To minimize channeling bias from new drug introductions and time-related bias due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 5 cohorts were established, representing sequential 6-month calendar intervals based on the initial prescription or date of index anti-CGRP mAbs or onabotulinumtoxinA use.

Exposure

Anti-CGRP mAbs vs onabotulinumtoxinA.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was time to first MI or stroke. Secondary outcomes included hypertensive crisis, peripheral revascularization, and Raynaud phenomenon. The inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare outcomes between the 2 treatment groups.

Results

Among 266 848 eligible patients with migraine, 5153 patients initiated anti-CGRP mAbs (mean [SD] age, 57.8 [14.0] years; 4308 female patients [83.6%]) and 4000 patients initiated onabotulinumtoxinA (mean [SD] age, 61.9 [13.7] years; 3353 female patients [83.8%]). Use of anti-CGRP mAbs was not associated with an increased risk of composite CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.44-1.77), hypertensive crisis (aHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.14-1.55), peripheral revascularization (aHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.48-4.73), or Raynaud phenomenon (aHR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.45-1.24) compared with onabotulinumtoxinA. Subgroup analyses by age group and presence of established non-MI or stroke CVD showed similar findings.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, despite initial concerns regarding the cardiovascular effects of CGRP blockade, anti-CGRP mAbs were not associated with an increased risk of CVD compared with onabotulinumtoxinA among adult Medicare beneficiaries with migraine, who were predominantly older adults or individuals with disability. Future studies with longer follow-up periods and in other populations are needed to confirm these findings.
Density‐dependent responses of moose to hunting and landscape change
Authors: Hessami Mateen , Serrouya Robert , Lamb Clayton T. , Dickie Melanie , Ford Adam T.
Published: January 2025

In many areas of the boreal forests and temperate mountains of Canada, resource extraction activities have created forage conditions that are favourable to the growth of moose (Alces alces) populations. In turn, these increased moose populations buoy the abundance of wolves (Canis lupus), which then have negative impacts on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations. Consequently, caribou have been declining where increased resource extraction, moose, and wolves occur.

To abate unsustainable predation pressure on caribou by wolves, the moose hunting quota was expanded for 17 years to reduce and then stabilize the moose population in the Revelstoke Valley, British Columbia, Canada. However, a reduction in forestry activity paired with habitat protections slowed the early seral conditions that favour moose. Consequently, both hunter‐caused mortality and habitat loss may have been contributing to observed moose declines that occurred during this period.

Within this changing regulatory and biophysical landscape, we sought to address two research objectives. First, we evaluated how increasing the moose hunting quota influenced the total yield of harvested animals. We expected that density‐dependent responses by the moose population would bolster the number of harvestable animals on the landscape. Second, we tested how different forest harvest scenarios might influence moose habitat, wolf densities, and thus caribou population growth rates into future decades.

We used data from moose GPS collars (39 individuals), eight aerial population surveys, hunter harvest statistics, estimates of carrying capacity thresholds, and forest harvest records. The latter data series spanned 1961–2020 and informed the resource selection function and calculations for our first research objective as well as the predictive modelling for our second research objective.

Between 2003 and 2020, we found that the habitat amounts for moose declined by 44.8%. There were 42% more moose harvested under increased moose hunting quotas than were projected to be harvested under a simulated status quo quota. As the moose population declined and stabilized, we observed higher recruitment rates (e.g. calf:cow ratios) that further contributed to the number of harvested moose. Our simulations indicated that the only forest harvesting scenario where moose carrying capacity would be low enough to stabilize caribou population growth rates by 2040 was to cease forest harvesting entirely in 2020.

Practical implication: an increased observed moose harvest quota mitigated the negative effects of forestry on caribou, aided in caribou recovery, and struck a balance that also provided food security and recreational opportunities for moose harvesters.
Nanoengineered Surfaces for Robust Droplet TENGs: Mitigating Contamination and Improving Longevity
Authors: Ge Ying , Qin Huaifang , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Jingjing , Zhou Zunkang , Meng Yao , Huang Zanying , Yang Ke , Du Zuliang , Cui Peng , Cheng Gang
Published: January 2025

The droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (D‐TENG) harnesses energy from natural water droplets, though its performance and lifespan can be compromised by contamination on the functional layer. Water molecules have a strong affinity for polymer surfaces, which increases surface tension and the sliding‐off angle, leading to greater droplet adhesion. As these droplets evaporate, they leave behind residues, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts, that obscure the polymer surface, thereby diminishing the electrification area and altering droplet dynamics—resulting in decreased electrical output. This study presents a micro‐nanostructured D‐TENG with advanced anti‐fouling capabilities. By adding a layer of metal nanoparticles to the polymer surface, followed by ion etching and fluorination grafting, water retention and ion accumulation are effectively minimized. The anti‐fouling D‐TENG demonstrates a fourfold increase in electrical output compared to its predecessor. Following 10 000 droplet interactions, the output of the original D‐TENG drops by 53%, whereas the anti‐fouling variant only experiences a 7% reduction. These enhancements provide significant insights for D‐TENG applications and contribute to the development of anti‐fouling strategies.
One‐Step Fabrication of Highly Customizable Porous Core–Shell Microspheres for the Construction of a 3D Physiologically Relevant Perivascular‐Endosteal Multi‐Microenvironment Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Hong Meiying , Wang Guanxiong , Yang Menghan , Liu Hong , Huang Haisen , Liu Tiantian , Wang Siping , Shen Rui , He Huatao , Li Yi , Du Ting , Hao Xin , Xie Qingyun , Shen Chongyang , Wang Yaolei
Published: January 2025

The 3D model of the perivascular‐endosteal multi‐microenvironment (PVM‐EM) is crucial for studying early stage breast cancer (BrCa) bone metastasis. However, existing models struggle to accurately represent the composition and spatial intricacies of multi‐microenvironments, limiting their ability to support cellular functional expression within these systems. Here, the nested aqueous two‐phase system emulsion as a template to develop a novel type of core‐shell microsphere for establishing the PVM‐EM 3D model is utilized. This model enables precise control over the chemical composition, macroporous structure, and cell localization. By adjusting these parameters in each microenvironment, it is successfully reconstructed the PVM with precise compartmentalized cell distribution in the microsphere core and a functional EM in the microsphere shell in one step. The outcomes indicate that the porous architecture and cell localization significantly enhance cell activity and function within the microenvironment. Importantly, this multi‐microenvironment model effectively encapsulates the key biological processes associated with bone colonization in early BrCa bone metastasis, including elevated cytokine expression, extensive angiogenesis within PVM, and significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase expression within EM. This method paves the way for efficient and precise control of physiologically relevant PVM‐EM models, facilitating future preclinical research and drug screening for BrCa bone metastasis.
Fe2O3 Hollow Multishelled Structure Endowed Temporal Sequential Mass Release for Apoptosis/Ferroptosis‐Induced Combined Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Ke , Guan Bin , Cui Yujie , Qin Linlin , Li Hao , Cheng Hongfei , Wang Dan , Zhu Yuming , Jiang Gening , Jiang Siming , Zhao Decai , Li Zhao
Published: January 2025

Cisplatin (CDDP) combined with pemetrexed (MTA) is commonly employed in the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer. However, conventional clinical administration methods fail to achieve precise spatiotemporal delivery within the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in inadequate control of local drug concentrations and impeding the synergistic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Aiming to address this issue, Fe2O3 hollow multi‐shelled structure (HoMS) nanocarriers with spatiotemporally controlled release properties and co‐encapsulated CDDP and MTA into this nanocarrier are developed. The confined microenvironment provided by Fe2O3‐HoMS enables a targeted and temporal sequential drug release tailored to clinical requirements. Furthermore, chemotherapy‐induced DNA damage leads to apoptosis, accompanied by a substantial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The disruption of ROS homeostasis subsequently activates the ferroptosis pathway mediated by Fe2O3‐HoMS. In summary, Fe2O3‐HoMS exhibits a highly controlled and temporal sequential release of two chemotherapeutic drugs in TME, and the HoMS nanocarriers are further involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, realizing a triple sequential delivery system comprising CDDP‐MTA‐Fe2+ and thus significantly enhancing the anti‐tumor efficacy against lung cancer. This study proposes a novel approach for temporal sequential drug delivery by optimizing nanocarrier design, addressing the clinical challenge of precisely controlled drug release within tumors.