bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clasificacao de obras em matéria de direito e ciencias politicas (Uma orientacao)
Authors: Kubinski Louis
Published: January 2021

Orientaciones para la clasificación de obras en materia de derecho y ciencias políticas a cargo del Bibliotecario Jefe de la  Pontificia Universidad Católica de Sao  Paulo.
Ensayo de una Bibliografía Castillista
Authors: Raez Patiño Sara
Published: January 2021

Ensayo de una Bibliografía Castillista a cargo de Sara Raez Patiño del Departamento de Investigaciones Bibliográficas de la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú.
Letters of William Miller, Lord Cochrane, and Basil Hall to James Paroissien, 1821-1 823
Authors: Humphreys R. A.
Published: January 2021

Cartas de William Miller, Lord Cochrane y Basil Hall a James Paroissien, 1821-1 823. Basado en el archivo de James Paroissien, que no había sido anteriormente utilizado, el profesor R. A. Humphreys publicó, en 1952, un importante estudio histórico: Liberation in South America 1806-1827. Precisamente, las cartas de William Miller, Lord Cochrane y Basil Hall, publicadas ahora, pertenecen al citado archivo y complementan en forma sustantiva los aportes expuestos al trazar la carrera pública de James Paroissien.
Systematic Comparison of Vectorial Spherical Radiative Transfer
Models in Limb Scattering Geometry
Authors: Zawada Daniel , Franssens Ghislain , Loughman Robert , Mikkonen Antti , Rozanov Alexei , Emde Claudia , Bourassa Adam , Dueck Seth , Lindqvist Hannakaisa , Ramon Didier , Rozanov Vladimir , Dekemper Emmanuel , Kyrölä Erkki , Burrows John P. , Fussen Didier , Degenstein Doug
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A comprehensive inter-comparison of seven radiative transfer models in the limb scattering geometry has been performed. Every model is capable of accounting for polarisation within a fully spherical atmosphere. Three models (GSLS, SASKTRAN-HR, and SCIATRAN) are deterministic, and four models (MYSTIC, SASKTRAN-MC, Siro, and SMART-G) are statistical using the Monte Carlo technique. A wide variety of test cases encompassing different atmospheric conditions, solar geometries, wavelengths, tangent altitudes, and Lambertian surface reflectances have been defined and executed for every model. For the majority of conditions it was found that the models agree to better than 0.2 % in the single scatter test cases and better than 1 % in the multiple scatter scalar and vector test cases, with some larger differences noted at high values of surface reflectance in multiple scatter. For the first time in limb geometry, the effect of atmospheric refraction was compared among four models that support it (GSLS, SASKTRAN-HR, SCIATRAN, and SMART-G). Differences among most models in multiple scatter with refraction enabled was less than 1 %, with larger differences observed for some models. Overall the agreement among the models with and without refraction is better than has been previously reported in both scalar and vector modes.
Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Argo detect under-ice phytoplankton growth before sea ice retreat
Authors: Hague Mark , Vichi Marcello
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The seasonality of sea ice in the Southern Ocean has profound effects on the life cycle (phenology) of phytoplankton residing under the ice. The current literature investigating this relationship is primarily based on remote sensing, which often lacks data for half of the year or more. One prominent hypothesis holds that, following ice retreat in spring, buoyant meltwaters enhance available irradiance, triggering a bloom which follows the ice edge. However, an analysis of Biogeochemical Argo (BGC-Argo) data sampling under Antarctic sea ice suggests that this is not necessarily the case. Rather than precipitating rapid accumulation, we show that meltwaters enhance growth in an already highly active phytoplankton population. Blooms observed in the wake of the receding ice edge can then be understood as the emergence of a growth process that started earlier under sea ice. Indeed, we estimate that growth initiation occurs, on average, 4–5 weeks before ice retreat, typically starting in August and September. Novel techniques using on-board data to detect the timing of ice melt were used. Furthermore, such growth is shown to occur under conditions of substantial ice cover (>90 % satellite ice concentration) and deep mixed layers (>100 m), conditions previously thought to be inimical to growth. This led to the development of several box model experiments (with varying vertical depth) in which we sought to investigate the mechanisms responsible for such early growth. The results of these experiments suggest that a combination of higher light transfer (penetration) through sea ice cover and extreme low light adaptation by phytoplankton can account for the observed phenology.
Glider-based observations of CO2 in the Labrador Sea
Authors: von Oppeln-Bronikowski Nicolai , de Young Brad , Atamanchuk Dariia , Wallace Douglas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ocean gliders can provide high-spatial- and temporal-resolution data and target specific ocean regions at a low cost compared to ship-based measurements. An important gap, however, given the need for carbon measurements, is the lack of capable sensors for glider-based CO2 measurements. We need to develop robust methods to evaluate novel CO2 sensors for gliders. Here we present results from testing the performance of a novel CO2 optode sensor (Atamanchuk et al., 2014), deployed on a Slocum glider, in the Labrador Sea and on the Newfoundland Shelf. This paper (1) investigates the performance of the CO2 optode on two glider deployments, (2) demonstrates the utility of using the autonomous SeaCycler profiler mooring (Send et al., 2013; Atamanchuk et al., 2020) to improve in situ sensor data, and (3) presents data from moored and mobile platforms to resolve fine scales of temporal and spatial variability of O2 and pCO2 in the Labrador Sea. The Aanderaa CO2 optode is an early prototype sensor that has not undergone rigorous testing on a glider but is compact and uses little power. Our analysis shows that the sensor suffers from instability and slow response times (τ95>100 s), affected by different behavior when profiling through small (<3 ∘C) vs. large (>10 ∘C) changes in temperature over similar time intervals. We compare the glider and SeaCycler O2 and CO2 observations and estimate the glider data uncertainty as ± 6.14 and ± 44.01 µatm, respectively. From the Labrador Sea mission, we point to short timescales (<7 d) and distance (<15 km) scales as important drivers of change in this region.
The Relationship Of Competence Status Of Intern Nurses’ Attitudes Towards To Their Caregiver Roles
Authors: Çelik Sevim , Durmaz Yasemin , Karahan Elif
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION: The study was conducted to examine the relationship between the competence status of the intern nurses and their attitudes towards to their caregiving roles. METHODS: This descriptive and correlational study was carried out with 295 students who studied in nursing department of an university between March and April 2019. Data were collected by using the Student Information Form, the Competence Scale of Nursing Students and the Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles. The data were evaluated using the descriptive statistical methods, independent variables t test in and Pearson correlation analysis.. RESULTS: It was found that 76.3% of students were female, 31.2% of students have at least one health worker in their family, 76.3% of the them loved the nursing profession, 76.3% of them wanted to make research to improve the nursing profession and 90.5% of the them wanted to use the research results in their care. Intern nurses received an average score 240.34±37.07 from Competence Scale of Nursing Students and 62.84±12.18 from the Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles. It was determined direction of the weak, positive and statistically significant relationship between Competence Scale of Nursing Students and Attitude Scale for Nurses in Caregiving Roles total and subscale mean scores (p=0.000). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study showed that the relationship between competence status of the intern nurses and their attitudes towards caregiving roles was in positive aspect.
Examinatıon Of Theses Written In The Field Of Nursing Management In Turkey: The Retrospectıve Revıew
Authors: Demirkaya Fatma
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study it is to analysis Department of Nursing Services Management in Turkey master and doctorate theses properties and subject topics trends. METHODS: 193 theses Made between 1994-2019 (first three months) were included in the study in which the master and doctorate theses registered in the archive of Higher Education Council Thesis Center were examined. Theses were reached by selecting the Department of Nursing Services through the detailed search engine of https: //tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tarama.jsp. The theses were grouped by codifying the through 10-item questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: It was found that 37% of master’s theses were between 2006-2011 and 59% of doctoral theses were between 2012-2017, 32% of master’s theses and 94% of doctoral theses were made in Istanbul University. It was found that master’s theses were mainly conducted in descriptive design (84%), using scale (65%), and most of the doctoral theses (59%) were conducted in methodological design with measurement tools developed by the researcher. It was found that master’s theses were mostly in nursing management (28%) and doctorate theses were in human resources management feld (31%). It was determined that 88% of his master theses were unpublished and 51% of his doctoral theses were published. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that the theses met the expectations from the graduate education, and in the field of nursing management and human resources management, job satisfaction, working conditions, and management practices subjects were dominant. It was found that the needs of nurses were taken into consideration while managing nursing services and the importance of qualitative research was started to be understood.
An Evaluation of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Infection Rates and Various Risk Factors
Authors: Ulus Ayşe , Kara Soner Sertan , Çelik Elif
Published: January 2021

Objective: The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a unit in which the general condition and vital signs of patients aged one month to 18 years are continuously monitored, and support treatments after advanced pediatric and surgical procedures are provided. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can develop during some interventions and treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate infection and handwashing rates for the previous five years in a hospital PICU providing tertiary intensive care and to examine HAI agent microorganisms and their resistance rates.
Methods: Data for patients followed-up at the Aydın Adnan Menderes University Hospital PICU between 1 January 2015, and 30 October 2020, were examined retrospectively. The study data were obtained from the hospital microbiology laboratory culture specimen results, radiology data, clinical visits, and information recorded on the National Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance System. HAIs rates, density, infectious agents and resistance rates, and hand hygiene compliance rates were calculated from these data.
Results: Two hundred and thirty-three patients were included in the study. The mean annual number of patient days was 1742±322. The mean annual total number of infections was 9.0±3.9, the mean infection rate was 4.2±2.8, and the mean infection density was 5.0±1.5. Bloodstream infections constituted the most common infections, followed by ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Carbapenem resistance at a rate of 50% was determined for both Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A strong correlation was determined between VAP and patient days (p=0.05, r=0.80). Hand hygiene observations revealed compliance rates of 48.1±14.3 in nurses, 33.9±28.2 in patient carers, 31.8±12.5 in physicians, and 30.9±26.2 in cleaning personnel
Conclusion: Mean annual infection numbers in this study were similar to those of previous studies from other centers. The most common infection was bloodstream infections. Nurses had the highest handwashing rates, with physicians in the third place. Higher VAP was correlated with increased patient days.
El Interés de la Justicia en la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Cerda Dueñas Carlos
Published: January 2021

En abril de 2019, la Sala de Cuestiones Preliminares II de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) negó la autorización a la Fiscalía del mismo Tribunal para que comenzara una investigación sobre la situación en Afganistán, donde se presume la comisión de crímenes de guerra y delitos de lesa humanidad por parte de miembros de fuerzas del gobierno afgano, de grupos opositores a éste, particularmente los talibanes y; de miembros de fuerzas internacionales, entre éstas, personal de las fuerzas militares de Estados Unidos y de la Agencia Central de Inteligencia. Esto último provocó una embestida de los Estados Unidos hacia la CPI. En su resolución, la Sala argumentó que su decisión obedecía a que la investigación no redundaría en el interés de la justicia. En este sentido, este artículo analiza la figura del interés de la justicia en el Estatuto de Roma, la facultad de la Sala para tomar la decisión y los argumento para fundamentarla, examinando qué tanto pudo influir la presión de los Estados Unidos para emitir el fallo en este sentido y, su reversión por parte de la Sala de Apelaciones con la respectiva reacción de los Estados Unidos.
Clinical Outcome, Viral Response and Safety Profile of Chloroquine in COVID-19 Patients—Initial Experience
Authors: Niwas Ram , Shahul S Aneesa , Garg M. K. , Nag Vijaya Lakshmi , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar , Dutt Naveen , Chauhan Nishant , Charan Jaykaran , Asfahan Shahir , Sharma Praveen , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Banerjee Mithu , Garg Pawan , Sureka Binit , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Gopalakrishnan Maya , Misra Sanjeev
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Chloroquine and its analogues are currently being investigated for the treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 due to its antiviral activity and immunomodulatory activity. Material and methods: Confirmed symptomatic cases of COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were supposed to receive chloroquine (CQ) 500 mg twice daily for 7 days. Due to a change in institutional protocol, initial patients received chloroquine and subsequent patients who did not receive chloroquine served as negative controls. Clinical effectiveness was determined in terms of timing of symptom resolution and conversion rate of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on day 14 and day 15 of admission. Results: Twelve COVID-19 patients formed the treatment arm and 17 patients were included in the control arm. The duration of symptoms among the CQ treated group (6.3 ± 2.7 days) was significantly (p-value = 0.009) lower than that of the control group (8.9 ± 2.2 days). There was no significant difference in the rate of RT-PCR negativity in both groups. 2 patients out of 12 developed diarrhea in the CQ therapy arm. Conclusion: The duration of symptoms among the treated group (with chloroquine) was significantly lower than that of the control group. RT-PCR conversion was not significantly different between the 2 groups.
Effect of a diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the litter size and milk yield of rabbits
Authors: Pałka Sylwia , Kmiecik Michał , Migdał Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the addition of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds to rabbit feed on their breeding and lactation performance. The research material was female Blanc de Termonde rabbits (n = 22) and their offspring – four consecutive litters. The does were divided into three feeding groups, and each group was fed ad libitum a commercial pelleted complete feed with min. 17,5% crude protein, max. 15% crude fibre, and 2-3% crude fat. The diet for does in the control group (n = 6) contained wheat bran, dried alfalfa, extracted soybeans, barley, beet pulp, sunflower meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The does in experimental group I (n = 8) were fed a diet enriched with 2% dried nettle leaves, while the diet for experimental group II (n = 8) contained fenugreek seeds (2%). The rabbits were mated between 10 and 14 days after kindling. To examine the effect of the herbal supplements on the does’ reproductive and lactation performance, the following information was collected: number of rabbits born per litter, litter weight at 24 h after birth and at 21 days of age, and milk yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package. The results show positive effects of the use of nettle leaves and fenugreek seeds in the diet of female rabbits, but this should be confirmed in further research.
Influence of country of origin and lineage on the lifetime milk production of Holstein cows
Authors: Mylostyvyi Roman , Kostiuk Wladimir Kindratowicz , Chernenko Aleksandr , Khmeleva Olena , Duda Julia , Izhboldina Elena
Published: January 2021

This work investigated the percentage influence of country of origin and lineage on parameters of lifetime milk production in Holstein cows brought as heifers to Ukraine from Western Europe. The animals were kept untethered in new, modern, uninsulated steel cowsheds in a large dairy complex. Data from the Orsek dairy management system were used to evaluate randomly selected cows of different origins with complete lactation for lifetime milk, fat and protein yield. Despite significant differences in milk productivity between animals depending on their country of origin and line, the share of the influence of these factors was fairly small. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the percentage influence of the line on lifetime milk yield was 5,5%, and its influence on the yield of milk fat and protein was 6,3-7,8%. The percentage influence of the country of origin was even smaller, at 0,5–2,6% (with a greater impact on milk yield). The rather small effect of the factors studied could be due to the influence of environmental factors (feeding and living conditions), which should be investigated in further studies. 
A IMPORTÂNCIA RELATIVA DAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS NÃO CONTRIBUTIVAS, BOLSA FAMÍLIA E BPC
Authors: Rezende Aurimar de Freitas
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise acerca da importância dos recursos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) em comparação com transferências constitucionais. O recorte geográfico é uma microrregião do estado de Minas Gerais na qual está localizado o município de Passa Tempo. Pretende-se mostrar, em nível micro, a relevância dos valores monetários direcionados às famílias pobres, contrapondo-os a transferências realizadas ao poder público. Trata-se de uma pesquisa baseada em dados secundários, que, inicialmente, contextualizam os municípios da microrregião quanto a aspectos econômicos, demográficos e sociais. Posteriormente, dados econômicos revelam o volume de recursos do PBF e do BPC, que chegam regularmente às mãos dos beneficiários, e o total de repasses feitos às prefeituras por meio de transferências constitucionais, nos anos de 2004 e 2013. Os resultados mostram que, ao contrário de outras transferências cujo montante de repasses quase que dobrou no período, o volume de recursos destinado aos mais pobres mais que triplicou. Verificou-se ainda o aumento da participação da transferência não contributiva, que em muitos casos superou os repasses do Fundo Nacional de Saúde (FNS) e do Fundo Nacional de Assistência Social (FNAS), no conjunto das demais transferências, além da redução da distância que a separa do Fundo de Participação Municipal (FPM) em municípios de pequeno porte, ainda muito dependentes do FPM, aumentando o poder de consumo das famílias e dinamizando a economia local.
A EFETIVAÇÃO DA CIDADANIA NO CONTEXTO DA PRIVATIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO URBANA
Authors: Marra Natália Cardoso
Published: January 2021

Este artigo discute a relação entre loteamentos fechados, cidadania e neoliberalização. A proposta é apresentar como a privatização dos espaços urbanos se relaciona com a participação popular na gestão das cidades, a partir de uma discussão que envolve a neoliberalização e as diferentes formas de expressão da cidadania. Dessa maneira, conceitos de cidadania, hipercidadania, subcidadania e estadania são utilizados para fundamentar este trabalho. Os municípios de Nova Lima e Lagoa Santa, ambos localizados na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, ilustram alguns pontos abordados e o texto apresenta entrevistas realizadas com pessoas ligadas a loteamentos fechados nessas cidades. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas em loteamentos fechados, análise de documentos das associações de moradores e da prefeitura, interpretação de leis e trabalho de campo.
Face Identification Using LBP-Based Improved Directional Wavelet Transform
Authors: Abdul Muqeet Mohd. , Mateenuddin Hameeduddin Qazi
Published: January 2021

Face identification is the most active area of research in computer vision and biometric authentication. Various face identification methods are developed over the time, still, numerous facial appearances are needed to cope with such as facial expression, pose, and illumination variation. Moreover, faces captured in unrestrained situations also impose immense concern in designing effective face identification methods. It is desirable to extract robust local descriptive features to effectively characterize such facial variations both in unrestrained and restrained situations. This chapter discusses such a face identification method that incorporate a popular local descriptor such as local binary patterns (LBP) based on the improved directional wavelet transform (IDW) method to extract facial features. This designed method is applied to complex face databases such as CASIA-WebFace and LFW which consists of a large number of face images collected under an unrestrained environment with extreme facial variations in expression, pose, and illumination. Experiments and comparison with various methods which include not only the local descriptive methods but also local descriptive-based multiresolution analysis (MRA) based methods demonstrate the efficacy of the LBP-based IDW method.
ARCH and GARCH Models: Quasi-Likelihood and Asymptotic Quasi-Likelihood Approaches
Authors: Alzghool Raed
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers estimation of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models using quasi-likelihood (QL) and asymptotic quasi-likelihood (AQL) approaches. The QL and AQL estimation methods for the estimation of unknown parameters in ARCH and GARCH models are developed. Distribution assumptions are not required of ARCH and GARCH processes by QL method. Nevertheless, the QL technique assumes knowing the first two moments of the process. However, the AQL estimation procedure is suggested when the conditional variance of process is unknown. The AQL estimation substitutes the variance and covariance by kernel estimation in QL. Reports of simulation outcomes, numerical cases, and applications of the methods to daily exchange rate series and weekly prices’ changes of crude oil are presented.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Preventive, Rehabilitative and Restorative Medicine
Authors: J. Ursa Herguedas Andrés
Published: January 2021

Non-pharmacological interventions (NI) have been known since before modern pharmacology was developed. They occupy a prominent place in the healthcare sciences. The aim of this chapter is to show the role of NPI in medicine today. The reasons for implementing NPI, both in the scope of prevention and cure, are due to the fact that there are many diseases for which we still do not have a cure, such as Alzheimer’s dementia, multiple sclerosis or fibromyalgia. By selecting those NPI that have more scientific evidence and applied by health or non-health personnel, it is intended to improve quality of life, slow down deterioration, relieve pain or restore health at a lower economic and environmental cost whilst complying with the Hippocratic maxim “first, do no harm”. There are many NPI currently managed, which are used in most known conditions, to support specific treatment or as a single therapy. Further studies on NPI to improve their safety and efficacy are advisable.
Traditional Scales Diagnosis and Endophenotypes in Attentional Deficits Disorders: Are We on the Right Track?
Authors: Jiménez-Soto Annabel , Pedro Vargas Juan , Díaz Estrella , Carlos López Juan
Published: January 2021

The concept of ADHD has changed widely through the history of mental health classification manuals. In the past three decades, the number of ADHD diagnoses has hugely increased worldwide. One of the reasons to explain this fact could be the lack of precision, differentiation and adjust of the criteria and indicators of this disease. Research has detected as well, some subjectivity bias in the traditional assessment (based in questionnaires and behavioral scales), which is affecting to the precision in the diagnose and to the further adjustment to the treatment. In this regard, these diagnoses are based in symptoms but not in etiology of the disorder. Therefore, different disorders will share the same treatment, regardless etiology. A different approach is based on the study of vulnerable traits associated with impulsivity and attentional deficit. In a quantitative fashion; these traits could be used to define a specific endophenotype. This view would allow us a more precise medical/psychological assessment focus on patient along the life spam, avoiding a diagnostic based on the number of symptoms. Here, we discuss about the differences between traditional diagnosis scales and the possibilities to find endophenotypes in order to address a specific treatment.
Energy Management and Optimal Power Scheduling in a Smart Building under Uncertainty
Authors: Thomas Dimitrios , Kotsakis Evangelos
Published: January 2021

In this Chapter, we consider a microgrid with a certain number of distributed energy resources (DER) components connected to an office building (in a university campus) provided with electricity by a utility company. We develop the initial version of the energy management system which is responsible for the optimal energy scheduling of the microgrid’s distributed energy resources. These resources include a photovoltaic (PV) installation, a Storage Energy System (ESS), a small Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit, and a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) used for work-related trips. The mobility behavior of the EVs fleet is modeled considering deterministic realizations of the probabilistic distributions used for the arrival/departure, and the time EVs remain parked. To investigate the impact of renewable generation and load unpredictability on the energy management system (EMS) operation, PV production and electric load are modeled under uncertainty using actual smart meters data for the scenarios formulation. We also assume that each DER component, through an EMS, can communicate and control the power exchange from and towards this component and that, two way communication with the utility company can be reached through aggregators using advanced metering equipment. We also consider a simplified thermal model that provides a specific level of thermal comfort to the building’s occupants, by meeting the predicted heating load. The energy produced by the DERs can be sold back to the grid by the microgrid manager and/or it can be stored for future utilization.
Acupuncture, Yoga, Homeopathy, and Apitherapy under the Vibrational Point of View
Authors: Meirelles Malusá Gonçalves Josiane , Carmem Fróes Ribeiro Mary , Aparecida Berretta Andresa
Published: January 2021

Albert Einstein was one of the greatest physicists in recent history and his contributions changed the paradigm of science in the 20th century. From this, it was proposed the understanding that all matter is energy, and we can assume the understanding that the human body is a dynamic energy system. Energy and matter are two different manifestations of the same universal substance from which we are all formed, atoms. It is known that the movement between the constituent parts of the atom (electrons, neutrons, protons and smaller particles) and the forces that connect them, generates energy. Since the atoms are in constant movement, what can be measured is vibration. Therefore, in this chapter, we propose to present some millenary therapies like acupuncture, yoga, apitherapy and, more recently, Homeopathy, under the point of view of vibrational integrative therapies, exploring the hypothesis that through these therapies we can adapt the waves generated in the bodies to transform them into personalized therapeutic agents.
Intact Cell Mass Spectrometry for Embryonic Stem Cell Biotyping
Authors: Vaňhara Petr , Moráň Lukáš , Pečinka Lukáš , Porokh Volodymyr , Pivetta Tiziana , Masuri Sebastiano , Maria Peña-Méndez Eladia , Elías Conde González José , Hampl Aleš , Havel Josef
Published: January 2021

Stem cells represent a unique cell type that is capable of self-renewal and differentiation into somatic cell types. Since the derivation of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, enormous potential has been recognized for disease modeling, drug development and regenerative medicine. Both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, hence they are naturally prone to respond to various differentiation stimuli. These inherent cellular fluctuations, which can result in risky phenotypic instability, must be addressed prior to introduction of these cells to human medicine, since they represent one of the major biosafety obstacles in the development of bio-industrial or clinical-grade stem cell cultures. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for novel robust, feasible and sensitive methods for determination and confirmation of the otherwise identical cells status, as well as for the detection of hidden divergences from their optimal state. A method of choice can be the intact cell mass spectrometry. Here we show how it can be applied in routine quality control of embryonic stem cell cultures.
Assessment and Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Potential
Authors: Belu Radian
Published: January 2021

Wind energy usage is increasing at fast rates due to significant technical advances, energy supply security and environmental concerns. Research is focusing among others areas on the development of reliable and accurate wind energy assessment methods. Offshore wind energy resources are usually larger than at geographically nearby onshore sites, which may offset in part higher installation, operation, and maintenance costs. Successful offshore wind energy development relies on accurate analysis and assessment of wind energy resource potential. Offshore wind assessment challenges are related to the wind turbine size, offshore installation challenges, lack of adequate and long-term wind and meteorological measurements, etc. Wind, a highly intermittent phenomenon has large spatiotemporal variability, being subject to sub-hourly, hourly, diurnal, seasonal, yearly, and climate variations in addition to their dependence on the geography and environment. Wind regime characteristics are critical to all aspect of a wind energy project, e.g. potential site identification, economic viability, equipment design, operation, management, or wind farm impacts on the electric grid. For a reliable wind energy assessment, measurements at rotor heights are required at least for one year. If such measurements are not available needs to be substituted by alternative approaches, e.g. measure-correlate-predict or numerical methods. Chapter objectives are to provide the reader with comprehensive reviews of the wind energy assessment and analysis methods.
Effects of TRX Suspension Training on Proprioception and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Khorjahani Ali , Mirmoezzi Masoud , Bagheri Mina , Kalantariyan Mohammad
Published: January 2021

Background: Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a common consequence of ankle sprain injury, especially in high-impact sports. Objectives: To investigate the effect of six weeks of suspension training with total resistance exercises (TRX) on proprioception and muscle strength in female athletes with FAI. Methods: Thirty female athletes with FAI (age: 21.9 ± 2.2 years, height: 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, and weight: 59.8 ± 6.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two equally numbered groups: TRX training and controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the pre-test, the anthropometric variables and also proprioception accuracy and muscle strength of subjects were evaluated by joint angle reset test (JART) and manual muscle testing (MMT) in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion motions. The training group completed three sessions per week with progressive load for six weeks, and each training session lasted 15 - 20 minutes, whilst control subjects continued with their normal activity without special sport activities. After six weeks of training, all tests performed in the pre-test phase were also performed in the post-test phase. The t-test was used for statistic analysis (α ≤ 0.05). Results: The findings showed that TRX training significantly improved the proprioception accuracy (P ≤ 0.001) and muscle strength (P ≤ 0.001) in the training group rather than the control group. No statistically significant difference was found in any of the tests between pre-test and post-test for the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Six weeks of TRX suspension training had a positive effect on strength and proprioception accuracy in female athletes with FAI.
Supporting Today’s Students in the Library: Strategies for Retaining and Graduating International, Transfer, First-Generation, and Re-Entry Students. Ngoc-Yen Tran and Silke Higgins, eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 275p. Paper.
Authors: Williams Ginger
Published: January 2021

This collection brings together research from the library and student affairs fields to present a thorough look at methods for increasing student success among populations with distinct needs and characteristics: international, transfer, first-generation, and re-entry students, with international and first-generation populations receiving the most attention. It is a welcome addition to the academic library literature. The theories of well-established student affairs scholars, such as George Kuh and Vincent Tinto, are highlighted in many chapters’ literature reviews and appear in the bibliographies of nearly all chapters. Familiarity with this literature is key in engaging outside units within the academy and building the kinds of partnerships suggested by many authors in this work. Common themes include robust partnerships with academic writing centers, collaborating with graduate programs to increase ESL students’ research and writing skills, and deliberately structuring assignments to aid student comprehension and skill development.
A Distinctive Approach to Venous Thromboembolism Treatment in a Pediatric, Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Koury Jason , Schnakenberg Cintia , Villasenor Charlotte , Abraham Shirley
Published: January 2021

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) that is the mainstay for treatment of pediatric patients with a venous thromboembolism, which provides better compliance compared with the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in long-term anticoagulation. Although data are limited in pediatric patients with renal insufficiency, enoxaparin can be used in this population. Data related to its use in hemodialysis (HD) pediatric patients is almost non-existent. A major concern for enoxaparin use in patients with renal insufficiency or for those on HD is bleeding. A few studies in adults showed an increased risk of bleeding, but the risk was similar to that of UFH when the two were compared. This case report describes the use of enoxaparin in an 8-year-old female who is on hemodialysis, without any bleeding or clotting complications. Although systematic trials are needed to support the safety and efficacy of LMWH in pediatric patients with renal dysfunction or on HD, this case will provide limited information for enoxaparin use in this population.
Use of Intramuscular Chlorpromazine Versus Intramuscular Olanzapine for the Management of Acute Agitation and Aggression in Youth
Authors: Snyder Sabrina Domicoli , Williams Andrew , Mitchell Melissa , Kneebusch Jamie
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES

In the inpatient psychiatric setting, one treatment strategy used to manage acute agitation in youth includes administration of IM antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of IM chlorpromazine versus IM olanzapine in treating aggression in youth.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients younger than 18 years hospitalized in the inpatient psychiatric unit who received either IM chlorpromazine or IM olanzapine for acute agitation. Demographic, efficacy, and tolerability data were collected using the electronic health record EPIC. The primary outcome was change from baseline to end point in the Behavioral Activity Rating Scale (BARS) score. BARS was applied retrospectively using nursing and physician documentation to evaluate for clinical response.

RESULTS

Among 145 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 72 received IM chlorpromazine, compared with 73 who received IM olanzapine. The mean change in BARS score (before and after IM antipsychotic) was greater with olanzapine (3.58 ± 0.99) than with chlorpromazine (3.07 ± 1.18, p = 0.006). The target BARS score of 4 was achieved more frequently with chlorpromazine (45.8%) than with olanzapine (24.7%, p < 0.008). Coadministration of IM diphenhydramine occurred significantly more often in the olanzapine group than in the chlorpromazine group (71.2% vs 36.1%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Management of acute agitation with IM olanzapine resulted in a greater change in BARS score, despite more youth requiring coadministration with diphenhydramine. In comparison, IM chlorpromazine demonstrated a higher likelihood of returning patients to baseline. Study results suggest tolerability of IM chlorpromazine and olanzapine.
Ketamine Prolonged Infusions in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: a Tertiary-Care Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Sperotto Francesca , Giaretta Irene , Mondardini Maria C. , Pece Federico , Daverio Marco , Amigoni Angela
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Ketamine is commonly used as an anesthetic and analgesic agent for procedural sedation, but there is little evidence on its current use as a prolonged continuous infusion in the PICU. We sought to analyze the use of ketamine as a prolonged infusion in critically ill children, its indications, dosages, efficacy, and safety.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of patients receiving ketamine for ≥24 hours in the period 2017–2018 in our tertiary care center. Data on concomitant treatments pre and 24 hours post ketamine introduction and adverse events were also collected.

RESULTS

Of the 60 patients included, 78% received ketamine as an adjuvant of analgosedation, 18% as an adjuvant of bronchospasm therapy, and 4% as an antiepileptic treatment. The median infusion duration was 103 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 58–159; range, 24–287), with median dosages between 15 (IQR, 10–20; range, 5–47) and 30 (IQR, 20–50; range, 10–100) mcg/kg/min. At 24 hours of ketamine infusion, dosages/kg/hr of opioids significantly decreased (p < 0.001), and 81% of patients had no increases in dosages of concomitant analgosedation. For 27% of patients with bronchospasm, the salbutamol infusions were lowered at 24 hours after ketamine introduction. Electroencephalograms of epileptic patients (n = 2) showed resolution of status epilepticus after ketamine administration. Adverse events most likely related to ketamine were hypertension (n = 1), hypersalivation (n = 1), and delirium (n = 1).

CONCLUSIONS

Ketamine can be considered a worthy strategy for the analgosedation of difficult-to-sedate patients. Its use for prolonged sedation allows the sparing of opioids. Its efficacy in patients with bronchospasm or status epilepticus still needs to be investigated.
Memórias ao sol: em busca de uma dramaturgia da escuta com mulheres em privação de liberdade
Authors: Souza Caroline Vetori de
Published: January 2021

No presente artigo analisa-se um processo artístico-pedagógico com mulheres em situação de cárcere em 2019 no Presídio Feminino de Florianópolis, em Santa Catarina. Compreende-se que uma das estratégias da prisão é a invisibilização das pessoas a ela submetidas, sendo que suas histórias são construídas por outros e, mesmo alicerçadas em estigmas, procurou-se ir na contramão desses processos. Assim, as proposições da oficina tiveram como foco o desenvolvimento de práticas que convocassem uma reapropriação e ressignificação das histórias de vida, a partir do terreno do teatro. Buscou-se, a partir da escuta dos materiais gerados e do próprio processo, a construção de uma escrita que não omitisse as vozes das mulheres que fizeram a oficina, mas que, pelo contrário, colocasse-as em foco.
Risk on financial reporting in the context of the new audit report in Spain
Authors: Pérez Pérez Yolanda , Camacho Miñano María del Mar , Segovia-Vargas María Jesús
Published: January 2021

Riesgo en la información financiera en el contexto del nuevo informe de auditoría en España.
Tras la crisis financiera y debido a la mayor complejidad de la información financiera, los grupos de interés de las empresas solicitaban un informe de auditoría más completo para reducir el gap de expectativas de la auditoría. En este contexto, el Consejo Internacional de Normas de Auditoría y Aseguramiento (IAASB) aprobó una nueva norma internacional sobre los informes de auditoría. Uno de los principales cambios es la obligación de las empresas que cotizan en bolsa de describir en el informe de auditoría las cuestiones clave de auditoría (KAMs), en particular, las relacionadas con los riesgos significativos de la información financiera. Este artículo analiza empíricamente el contenido del nuevo informe de auditoría tras la reforma contable recientemente aprobada en España y los factores que condicionan los KAMs desglosados por el auditor. Utilizando la totalidad de la muestra de empresas españolas que cotizan en bolsa, nuestros resultados indican que estas firmas presentan en su mayoría entre dos y cuatro KAMs y que casi la totalidad incluyen el reconocimiento de ingresos, el deterioro del fondo de comercio y la recuperación de impuestos diferidos en los informes de auditoría del año 2017. Aplicando una regresión lineal multinomial, las variables significativas que condicionan los KAMs en nuestra muestra son el sector, el tipo de mercado y el número medio de palabras por KAM. Esta evidencia contribuye a la literatura al enfatizar la importancia de los riesgos sobre la información financiera en el informe ampliado de auditoría.

After the financial crisis and with the greater complexity of financial reporting, stakeholders asked firms for more informative audit reports to close the audit expectation gap. In this context, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) approved a new international standard on auditor’s reports. One of the major changes is the obligation for listed companies to describe the key audit matters (KAM) in the audit report, in particular, those related to the significant financial reporting risks. This paper empirically analyses the content of the new auditor’s reports after the accounting reform recently issued in Spain and the factors that condition the KAMs disclosed by auditors. Using the sample of all Spanish listed companies, our results show that these firms mostly report on two to four KAMs and the majority of these relate to revenue recognition, impairment of goodwill and deferred tax recovery in the 2017 audit reports. Applying a multinomial linear regression, the significant variables that condition the KAMs in our sample are sector, market type, and average word count. This evidence contributes to the literature by emphasizing the importance of risks in financial reporting in extended audit reports.
BIOMANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT AND RENIFORM NEMATODES ON OKRA
Authors: Anver Suhail
Published: January 2021

Seed dressing with culture filtrate of Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a significant control of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis singly or concomitantly, with a corresponding increase in plant growth, length and weight of plants and number of pods, chlorophyll content of leaves, water absorption capacity of roots of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). In another experiment soil application with oil cake of neem (Azadirachta indica) showed significant suppression of the nematodes, both singly as well as concomitantly, with the consequent improvement in different growth parameters of the plants as above. A combination of seed dressing treatment with culture filtrate of P. lilacinus and soil amendment with neem cake gave synergistic effect with respect to nematode management and improvement in plant growth parameters.
Mn2+ prevents the Ca2+‐induced inhibition of ATP synthesis in brain mitochondria
Authors: Hillered Lars , Muchiri Peter M. , Nordenbrand Kerstin , Ernster Lars
Published: July 2002

Uptake of Ca2+ by rat brain mitochondria causes an inhibition of respiratory stimulation by ADP, and the inhibition is relieved upon Na+‐induced release of Ca2+ from the mitochondria, in accordance with earlier reports. We show that simultaneous uptake of Ca2+ and Mn2+ results in no inhibition of ADP‐stimulated respiration, indicating that Mn2+ prevents the Ca2+‐induced inhibition of ATP synthesis, without preventing Ca2+ accumulation in the mitochondria. The results are discussed in relation to a possible involvement of the mitochondrial ATPase‐inhibitor protein in the observed effects of Ca2+ and Mn2+.
Potent selective inhibitors of protein kinase C
Authors: Davis Peter D. , Hill Christopher H. , Keech Elizabeth , Lawton Geoffrey , Nixon John S. , Sedgwick Anthony D. , Wadsworth Julie , Westmacott Donald , Wilkinson Sandra E.
Published: July 2002

A series of potent, selective inhibitors of protein kinase C has been derived from the structural lead provided by the microbial broth products, staurosporine and K252a. Our inhibitors block PCK in intact cells (platelets and T cells), and prevent the proliferation of mononuclear cells in response to interleukin 2 (IL2).
Hepatocyte growth factor has potent anti‐proliferative activity in various tumor cell lines
Authors: Tajima Hisao , Matsumoto Kunio , Nakamura Toshikazu
Published: July 2002

As HGF apparently has bidirectional effects on cell growth, the possibility that it can serve as an anti‐tumor agent merits attention.
Gelation of liposome interior A novel method for drug encapsulation
Authors: Lasic D.D. , Frederik P.M. , Stuart M.C.A. , Barenholz Y. , McIntosh T.J.
Published: July 2002

Liposomes can be loaded with weak acids and bases, which exist in solutions in equilibrium with membrane permeable uncharged form, using various gradients across their membranes. Because in some cases the estimated drug concentration in the loaded liposomes exceeds their aqueous solubility we investigated the physical state of the liposome encapsulated anticancer drug Doxorubicin. X‐Ray diffraction, electron microscopy and test tube solubility experiments have shown that upon encapsulation the drug molecules form a gel‐like phase