bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadening The Substrate Scope of Aldolases Through Metagenomic Enzyme Discovery
Authors: Rizzo Andrea , Aranda Carmen , Galman James , Alcasabas Annette , Pandya Akash , Bornadel Amin , Costa Bruna , Hailes Helen C. , Ward John M. , Jeffries Jack W. E. , Dominguez Beatriz
Published: July 2024

Bio‐processes based on enzymatic catalysis play a major role in the development of green, sustainable processes, and the discovery of new enzymes is key to this approach. In this work, we analysed ten metagenomes and retrieved 48 genes coding for deoxyribose‐5‐phosphate aldolases (DERAs, EC 4.1.2.4) using a sequence‐based approach. These sequences were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and screened for activity towards a range of aldol additions. Among these, one enzyme, DERA‐61, proved to be particularly interesting and catalysed the aldol addition of furfural or benzaldehyde with acetone, butanone and cyclobutanone with unprecedented activity. The product of these reactions, aldols, can find applications as building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Screening was carried out to identify optimized reaction conditions targeting temperature, pH, and salt concentrations. Lastly, the kinetics and the stereochemistry of the products were investigated, revealing that DERA‐61 and other metagenomic DERAs have superior activity and stereoselectivity when they are provided with non‐natural substrates, compared to well‐known DERAs.
Alkoxide Trap in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling and Borrowing Hydrogen Reactions
Authors: Vignesh Arumugam , Wang Zhe , Liu Yan , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: July 2024

Dehydrogenative coupling (DC) and borrowing hydrogen(ation) (BH) reactions are crucial in modern organic synthesis, offering efficient and sustainable ways to create valuable compounds. However, they often face a significant challenge: the alkoxide trap. This Concept explores the alkoxide trap in DC and BH reactions, starting with the basic mechanisms and the role of alkoxide intermediates. It then examines how the alkoxide trap leads to catalyst deactivation and reduced selectivity, influenced by thermodynamic and kinetic factors. To address this, we review recent advances in catalyst design, ligand engineering, and optimized reaction conditions, along with the use of in‐situ spectroscopy and computational modelling, to better understand the underlying processes and guide rational catalyst development. Furthermore, this Concept highlights the broad applicability of DC, and BH reactions across various substrates, underscoring the urgency of addressing the alkoxide trap issue to unlock their full synthetic potential.
Enantioselective Borrowing Hydrogen: A Modern Tool to Construct Enantioenriched Molecules
Authors: Alexandridis Anestis , Quintard Adrien
Published: July 2024

In the quest for the more rapid and eco‐compatible preparation of complex molecules from widely available ones, borrowing hydrogen is one of the most elegant manners to directly functionalize alcohols. Such catalytic cycles reduce the synthetic cost, and avoid waste and additional steps associated with adjusting the redox state for the functionalization of carbon chains. In this field, the last ten years have seen the development of general strategies to control the absolute stereochemistry of the created molecules. This enantiocontrol can arise from the three distinct steps of the catalytic cycle, namely the initial dehydrogenation, carbonyl functionalization or final hydrogen back‐transfer. This review presents the different enantioselective approaches developed according to these principles and highlights the great potential of these transformations, the current limitations and future challenges.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Penta‐Coordinated Fe Phthalocyanine During the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Various Acidic Solutions
Authors: Zúñiga Loyola César , Troncoso Nicolás , Gatica Caro Angélica , Tasca Federico
Published: July 2024

Iron phthalocyanine (FePc) was penta‐coordinated with pyridine ligand (Py) grafted on carbon nanotube (CNT), to form (FePc‐Py‐CNT). The complex was studied as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction ORR in seven different supporting electrolytes: OH− (0.1 M), OH− (1 M), NO3− (1 M), HSO4− (1 M), ClO4− (1 M), Br− (1 M), Cl− (1 M), to unveil anion‐poisoning effects and mechanism. Through cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves in N2 and O2 saturated atmospheres, thermodynamic and kinetic data were acquired. In acid media, the formal potential Fe(III)/(II) (E0’Fe(III)/(II)) of the complex is biased to more negative potentials by the anion presence. Similar effects were observed for the onset potential (Eonset) during polarization curves for the ORR. When the ORR was performed in the presence of either ClO4−, or HSO4−, anions, Tafel analysis showed different values depending if were derived from the low or from the high overpotential regions, revealing an inner‐sphere electron transfer mechanism (ISET). The Tafel values derived from measurements in the presence of Cl− and Br− anions do not change when extracted at low or at high overpotentials evidencing an outer‐sphere reaction mechanism (OSET). Gibbs free energies were derived from poisoning tests confirming the ISET and OSET mechanisms. The poisoning effect is responsible for the immediate loss of performance for these catalysts during the ORR in acidic media.
Order‐restricted hypothesis tests for nonlinear mixed‐effects models with measurement errors in covariates
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Liu Wei , Wu Lang
Published: June 2024

Order‐restricted hypothesis testing problems frequently arise in practice, including studies involving regression models for longitudinal data. These tests are known to be more powerful than tests that ignore such restrictions. In this article, we consider order‐restricted tests for nonlinear mixed‐effects models with measurement errors in time‐dependent covariates. We propose to use a multiple imputation method to address measurement errors, since this approach allows us to use existing complete‐data methods for order‐restricted tests. Some theoretical results are presented. We evaluate our proposed methods via simulation studies that demonstrate they are more powerful than either a competing naive method or a two‐step approach to testing hypotheses. We illustrate the use of our proposed approach by analyzing data from an HIV/AIDS study.
Too innovative to be recycled: The role of perceived innovativeness in recycled product advertisements
Authors: Park Taehoon , Kim Junghyun
Published: July 2024

With the advent of various technological advancements, companies can now recycle unique waste materials that would otherwise be dumped into landfills (e.g., coffee grounds) and highlight their engagement in sustainable business practices. Using four scenario‐based experimental studies alongside analyses of variance (ANOVA) and regression methodologies, we investigated the role of perceived recycling innovativeness in consumers' responses to recycled product advertisements. Our results revealed that consumers are less likely to purchase recycled products made from unique waste materials that are considered more innovative compared to products made from typical waste materials. Furthermore, our findings showed that inferences of low quality mediate the negative effect of innovative recycling on purchase intention. This effect was attenuated by consumers' purchase goals and the availability of recycling process information. This work's theoretical contribution is its expansion of knowledge on how consumers infer recycled products' performance based on information about the source materials. Practically, this work offers recommendations on ways to prevent the negative influence of disclosing source materials used in a recycled product.
Autofluorescence lifetime flow cytometry with time‐correlated single photon counting
Authors: Samimi Kayvan , Pasachhe Ojaswi , Guzman Emmanuel Contreras , Riendeau Jeremiah , Gillette Amani A. , Pham Dan L. , Wiech Kasia J. , Moore Darcie L. , Skala Melissa C.
Published: June 2024

Autofluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is sensitive to metabolic changes in single cells based on changes in the protein‐binding activities of the metabolic co‐enzymes NAD(P)H. However, FLIM typically relies on time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC) detection electronics on laser‐scanning microscopes, which are expensive, low‐throughput, and require substantial post‐processing time for cell segmentation and analysis. Here, we present a fluorescence lifetime‐sensitive flow cytometer that offers the same TCSPC temporal resolution in a flow geometry, with low‐cost single‐photon excitation sources, a throughput of tens of cells per second, and real‐time single‐cell analysis. The system uses a 375 nm picosecond‐pulsed diode laser operating at 50 MHz, alkali photomultiplier tubes, an FPGA‐based time tagger, and can provide real‐time phasor‐based classification (i.e., gating) of flowing cells. A CMOS camera produces simultaneous brightfield images using far‐red illumination. A second PMT provides two‐color analysis. Cells are injected into the microfluidic channel using a syringe pump at 2–5 mm/s with nearly 5 ms integration time per cell, resulting in a light dose of 2.65 J/cm2 that is well below damage thresholds (25 J/cm2 at 375 nm). Our results show that cells remain viable after measurement, and the system is sensitive to autofluorescence lifetime changes in Jurkat T cells with metabolic perturbation (sodium cyanide), quiescent versus activated (CD3/CD28/CD2) primary human T cells, and quiescent versus activated primary adult mouse neural stem cells, consistent with prior studies using multiphoton FLIM. This TCSPC‐based autofluorescence lifetime flow cytometer provides a valuable label‐free method for real‐time analysis of single‐cell function and metabolism with higher throughput than laser‐scanning microscopy systems.
The diet–intestinal microbiota dynamics and adaptation in an elevational migration bird, the Himalayan bluetail (Tarsiger rufilatus)
Authors: Zhang Shangmingyu , Zhou Chuang , Dong Zhehan , Feng Kaize , Peng Kexin , Wang Zhengyang , Jiang Yong , Jin Linyu , Zhang Ping , Wu Yongjie
Published: June 2024

Migratory birds experience changes in their environment and diet during seasonal migrations, thus requiring interactions between diet and gut microbes. Understanding the co‐evolution of the host and gut microbiota is critical for elucidating the rapid adaptations of avian gut microbiota. However, dynamics of gut microbial adaptations concerning elevational migratory behavior, which is prevalent but understudied in montane birds remain poorly understood. We focused on the Himalayan bluetail (Tarsiger rufilatus) in the montane forests of Mt. Gongga to understand the diet–gut microbial adaptations of elevational migratory birds. Our findings indicate that elevational migratory movements can rapidly alter gut microbial composition and function within a month. There was a significant interaction between an animal‐based diet and gut microbiota across migration stages, underscoring the importance of diet in shaping microbial communities. Furthermore, the gut microbial composition of T. rufilatus may be potentially altered by high‐altitude acclimatization. An increase in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism was observed in response to low temperatures and limited resources, resulting in enhanced energy extraction and nutrient utilization. Moreover, microbial communities in distinct gut segments varied in relative abundance and responses to environmental changes. While the bird jejunum exhibited greater susceptibility to food and environmental fluctuations, there was no significant difference in metabolic capacity among gut segments. This study provides initial evidence of rapid diet–gut microbial changes in distinct gut segments of elevational migratory birds and highlights the importance of seasonal sample collection. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the unique high‐altitude adaptation patterns of the gut microbiota for montane elevational migratory birds.
Predicting the response of a long‐distance migrant to changing environmental conditions in winter
Authors: Stillman R. A. , Rivers E. M. , Gilkerson W. , Wood K. A. , Clausen P. , Deane C. , Ward D. H.
Published: June 2024

Access to high‐quality food is critical for long‐distance migrants to provide energy for migration and arrival at breeding grounds in good condition. We studied effects of changing abundance and availability of a marine food, common eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), on an arctic‐breeding, migratory goose, black brant (Brant bernicla nigricans Lawrence 1846), at a key non‐breeding site, Bahía San Quintín, Mexico. Eelgrass, the primary food of brant, is consumed when exposed by the tide or within reach from the water's surface. Using an individual‐based model, we predicted effects of observed changes (1991–2013) in parameters influencing food abundance and availability: eelgrass biomass (abundance), eelgrass shoot length (availability, as longer shoots more within reach), brant population size (availability, as competition greater with more birds), and sea level (availability, as less food within reach when sea level higher). The model predicted that the ability to gain enough energy to migrate was most strongly influenced by eelgrass biomass (threshold January biomass for migration = 60 g m−2 dry mass). Conversely, annual variation in population size (except for 1998), was relatively low, and variation in eelgrass shoot length and sea level were not strongly related to ability to migrate. We used observed data on brant body mass at Bahía San Quintín and annual survival to test for effects of eelgrass biomass in the real system. The lowest observed values of body mass and survival were in years when biomass was below 60 g m−2, although in some years of low biomass body mass and/or survival was higher. This suggests that the real birds may have some capacity to compensate to meet their energy demands when eelgrass biomass is low. We discuss consequences for brant population trends and conservation.
Engineered Lysozyme: An Eco‐Friendly Bio‐Mechanical Energy Harvester
Authors: Roy Krittish , Mallick Zinnia , O'Mahony Charlie , Coffey Laura , Barnana Hema Dinesh , Markham Sarah , Sarkar Utsa , Solumane Tewfik , Haque Ehtsham Ul , Mandal Dipankar , Tofail Syed A. M.
Published: July 2024

Eco‐friendly and antimicrobial globular protein lysozyme is widely produced for several commercial applications. Interestingly, it can also be able to convert mechanical and thermal energy into electricity due to its piezo‐ and pyroelectric nature. Here, we demonstrate engineering of lysozyme into piezoelectric devices that can exploit the potential of lysozyme as environmentally friendly, biocompatible material for mechanical energy harvesting and sensorics, especially in micropowered electronic applications. Noteworthy that this flexible, shape adaptive devices made of crystalline lysozyme obtained from hen egg white exhibited a longitudinal piezoelectric charge coefficient (d ~ 2.7 pC N−1) and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g ~ 76.24 mV m N−1) which are comparable to those of quartz (~2.3 pC N−1 and 50 mV m N−1). Simple finger tapping on bio‐organic energy harvester (BEH) made of lysozyme produced up to 350 mV peak‐to‐peak voltage, and a maximum instantaneous power output of 2.2 nW cm−2. We also demonstrated that the BEH could be used for self‐powered motion sensing for real‐time monitoring of different body functions. These results pave the way toward self‐powered, autonomous, environmental‐friendly bio‐organic devices for flexible energy harvesting, storage, and in wearable healthcare monitoring.
Verification of haemoglobin level to prevent worsening of prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients from the PURSUIT‐HFpEF registry
Authors: Kitao Takashi , Sotomi Yohei , Tamaki Shunsuke , Seo Masahiro , Yano Masamichi , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Nakatani Daisaku , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Sakata Yasushi ,   OCVC‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: July 2024

Aims

Anaemia has been reported as poor predictor in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of changes in haemoglobin (Hb) from discharge to 1 year after discharge on the prognosis using a lower cut‐off value of Hb than the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Methods and results

First, 547 HFpEF cases were divided into two groups, Hb < 11.0 g/dL (n = 218) and Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL (n = 329), according to Hb at discharge, and further were divided according to Hb 1 year after discharge into Hb < 11.0 g/dL (G1, n = 113), Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL (G2, n = 105), Hb < 11.0 g/dL (G3, n = 66), and Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL (G4, n = 263), respectively. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was defined as composite of all‐cause death and heart failure readmission after a visit 1 year after discharge. The cut‐off value of Hb was analysed by the receiver operating characteristics curve that predicts MACE. We examined the incidence rate of MACE between G4 and other subgroups and verified predictors of improving or worsening anaemia and covarying factors with change in Hb. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, MACE was significantly higher in G3 with worsening anaemia from Hb ≥ 11.0 g/dL to <11.0 g/dL than G4 with persistently Hb ≥ 11 g/dL (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 3.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.76–5.60], P < 0.001). MACE was not significantly different between G2 with improving anaemia from Hb < 11.0 g/dL to ≥ 11.0 g/dL and G4 (adjusted HR: 1.37 [95% CI, 0.68–2.75], P = 0.38). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of improving anaemia were male [odds ratio (OR): 0.45], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 10.3), prior heart failure hospitalization (OR: 0.38), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR: 1.04). Independent predictors of worsening anaemia were age (OR: 1.07), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 0.86), clinical frailty scale score (OR: 1.29), Hb at discharge (OR: 0.63), and use of angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (OR: 2.76). In multivariate linear regression analysis, covarying factors with change in Hb were BMI (β = −0.098), serum albumin (β = 0.411), and total cholesterol (β = 0.179).

Conclusions

Change in haemoglobin after discharge using a lower cut‐off value than WHO criteria has prognostic impact in patients with HFpEF.
Construction of Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one Scaffolds Bearing a C2 Quaternary Center via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Heck Reaction using Mo(CO)6 as Carbonyl Source
Authors: Guo Wenting , Gong Houhong , Jiao Xiaojing , Liao Yueling , Pei Xiaoqin , Xia Ming , Zhou Hualan , Wang Huiyan , Hu Weiming
Published: July 2024

A Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative Heck reaction of 2‐iodophenyl alkenyl ether using Mo(CO)6 as a safe CO source has been developed. This research provides an atom‐economic and straightforward route for the efficient construction of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one scaffolds with a C2 quaternary center in moderate to good yields, which features operational safety, good functional group compatibility and easy scale‐up.
High‐frequency, high‐intensity TENS compared to standard treatment with opioids for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ögren C. , Varkey E. , Wolf A. , Larsson C. , Ringdal M. , Andréll P.
Published: June 2024

Background

Adverse effects of opioids could prolong the duration of stay in the post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU). This study aimed to assess time in the PACU and the pain‐relieving effect of high‐frequency, high‐intensity transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (HFHI TENS) versus standard treatment with intravenous (IV) opioids.

Methods

Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at two Swedish hospitals were invited to participate. Patients reporting postoperative pain intensity ≥3 according to the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) in the PACU were randomized to receive standard treatment with IV opioids or HFHI TENS, administered with an intensity of 40–60 mA for 1 min, repeated once if insufficient pain relief. If NRS remained ≥3 after two TENS stimulation the patients received IV opioids.

Results

In total, 163 patients were randomized to receive HFHI TENS (n = 85) or IV opioids (n = 78). There was no difference between the HFHI TENS group versus the opioid group regarding time in the PACU (138 min [SD 69] vs. 142 min [SD 95], mean difference −4.42 [95% CI–30:22], p = 0.74), time to pain relief NRS < 3 (median 10 min) and pain intensity at PACU discharge (NRS 1.7 [SD 1.45] vs. 1.6 [SD 1.20], p = 0.58). In the HFHI TENS group, 39 patients (46%) needed additional treatment with IV opioids. Mean opioid consumption was significantly lower in the HFHI TENS group than in the opioid group (4.5 vs. 11.0 morphine equivalents; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

HFHI TENS may be an opioid‐sparing alternative for postoperative pain relief.

Significance Statement

In this multicentre, RCT time in the PACU and the pain‐relieving effect of HFHI TENS was compared to standard treatment with IV opioids. There were no differences between the groups regarding time in the PACU, time to pain relief and side effects but opioid consumption in the HFHI TENS group was significantly lower. Both groups reported high satisfaction with pain treatment and care. In summary, HFHI TENS should be considered a safe, fast‐onsetting, opioid‐sparing option for postoperative pain relief.
Development of a novel rocking connection for tubular steel bridge piers: A proof of concept study
Authors: Vasseghi Akbar , Mahmoudi Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a novel pocket‐type dissipative rocking connection for self‐centering tubular steel bridge piers. Unlike typical self‐centering systems, this connection does not utilize post‐tensioned tendons and relies solely on gravity load for re‐centering, but it employs a redundant mechanism to prevent geometrical instability and collapse. The connection consists of several components, including an embedded sleeve component and a ring plate bearing against the column and frictionally connected to the embedded component. During rocking, the ring plate provides two‐level energy dissipation through friction and material yielding. In this connection, any residual drift could be easily recovered by untightening bolts in the frictional connection of the ring plate. A finite element model with contact elements at surface interfaces between different components was developed to simulate the response of the connection under vertical and lateral loading. Finite element analyses and quasi‐static cyclic tests of a quarter‐scale specimen demonstrated that the connection could provide adequate lateral resistance and a flag‐shaped hysteresis response with marginal or recoverable residual displacements. Test results confirmed that the connection can sustain large lateral drifts (up to 7.6%) without structural damage. Test results also indicated that the hysteresis characteristics of the connection are highly influenced by the type and configuration of the washers in the bolt assembly of the frictional connection. The lateral strength and energy dissipation properties of the connection were greatly improved when conical spring washers were added to the bolt assembly.
Wash‐free fluorescent tools based on organic molecules: Design principles and biomedical applications
Authors: Tan Jingyun , Wang Chunfei , Hu Zhangjun , Zhang Xuanjun
Published: June 2024

Fluorescence‐assisted tools based on organic molecules have been extensively applied to interrogate complex biological processes in a non‐invasive manner with good sensitivity, high resolution, and rich contrast. However, the signal‐to‐noise ratio is an essential factor to be reckoned with during collecting images for high fidelity. In view of this, the wash‐free strategy is proven as a promising and important approach to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio, thus a thorough introduction is presented in the current review about wash‐free fluorescent tools based on organic molecules. Firstly, generalization and summarization of the principles for designing wash‐free molecular fluorescent tools (WFTs) are made. Subsequently, to make the thought of molecule design more legible, a wash‐free strategy is highlighted in recent studies from four diverse but tightly binding aspects: (1) special chemical structures, (2) molecular interactions, (3) bio‐orthogonal reactions, (4) abiotic reactions. Meanwhile, biomedical applications including bioimaging, biodetection, and therapy, are ready to be accompanied by. Finally, the prospects for WFTs are elaborated and discussed. This review is a timely conclusion about wash‐free strategy in the fluorescence‐guided biomedical applications, which may bring WFTs to the forefront and accelerate their extensive applications in biology and medicine.
Enhancing water protection on Tribal lands
Authors: Sulliván S Mažeika Patricio , Hedden‐Nicely Dylan , Bulltail Grace
Published: July 2024

Multiple rulemaking iterations have led to variable definitions of the “Waters of the United States” (WOTUS), a rule that determines which waterbodies receive federal protection under the Clean Water Act. The rulemaking process has incorporated American Indian Tribes as “stakeholders” rather than as sovereign peoples, compounding a colonial legacy that limits the ability of Indigenous peoples to choose appropriate strategies for water protection on Tribal lands. For example, protecting waters for Tribal beneficial uses requires applying both Western science and Indigenous knowledge to document patterns of waterbody connectivity and permanence, which underpin WOTUS policy. To honor the federal trust responsibility (a legal obligation) of the US Government to Tribes, policy should incorporate a parallel set of scientific standards for determining WOTUS on Tribal lands. These standards must recognize culturally distinct uses of waters and account for place‐based Indigenous knowledge. Examination of the intersection of the science supporting water protection, Indigenous sovereignty, and US policy has relevance to similar issues around the globe.
Research on the influence and evaluation of manual operation performance of multifunctional operation panel considering interaction effect
Authors: Zhang Tianming , Ren Jindong , Sun Mingzhe , Zheng Haoyun
Published: July 2024

Manual operations remain crucial in critical human‐machine interactions due to limitations in automatic control algorithms and technologies. While ergonomic analysis and evaluation techniques for interactive interfaces are advancing, recent approaches emphasize integrating graphical interface experiences with intuitive controls. Conventional methods often lack precision or overlook the interaction effect of different influencing factors, leading to inadequate assessment of essential manual operations for intricate interfaces, such as multifunctional operation panels. To address these challenges, this study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of various factors on the manual operation performance of operators when using a multifunctional operation panel and aims to develop a more comprehensive and broadly applicable evaluation model for such panels. An experiment was designed to consider the type, size, layout of controls, and operational task type as the main factors affecting manual operation performance. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to identify significant interaction effects among the operation factors. The findings underscored the importance of these interactions in evaluating manual operation performance. Multivariate linear regression further examined the influence of these factors, enhancing the evaluation methodology. The study emphasizes the critical role of understanding interaction effects in assessing the manual operation performance of multifunctional operation panels, particularly in improving the design of the panel or operation tasks.
Incidence and predictors of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A single‐center study
Authors: Zarei Behrouz , Bozorgi Ali , Khoshfetrat Mehran , Arefizadeh Reza , Mohsenizadeh Seyed Abolfazl , Mousavi Seyyed Hossein , Jalali Arash , Shafiee Akbar
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that occurs following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and can significantly impact clinical outcomes. We investigated the incidence and predictors of AF following STEMI in patients, as well as its association with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, including all STEMI patients who presented under code 247 to Tehran Heart Center between 2016 and 2020 and completed a 1‐year follow‐up. Patients were divided into two groups based on the development of AF during follow‐up, and their baseline and clinical characteristics were compared. We used multivariable regression models to identify predictors of MACCE.

Results

Out of 3647 STEMI patients, 84 (2.3%) developed new‐onset AF (NOAF). Patients with AF were significantly older and had lower levels of total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin, but higher levels of fasting blood sugar and creatinine. AF patients were also more likely to have a history of hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), congestive heart failure, and cerebrovascular accidents. The multivariable logistic regression model identified the CHA2DS2‐VASc score and CKD as independent predictors of NOAF following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Furthermore, the incidence of MACCE was higher in the AF group, and AF independently predicted MACCE with a hazard ratio of 2.766.

Conclusion

The CHA2DS2‐VASc score and the presence of CKD can serve as useful predictors of NOAF among patients with STEMI. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improve outcomes.
Combined detection of inflammatory proteins is beneficial for diagnosing the papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter
Authors: Pan Yongqin , Xu Mingxi , Chong Tsz Hong , Xie Siping , Huang Kunsong , Wang Guanghao , Ma Yuhua , Li Jinyi , Yang Wah
Published: July 2024

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology and imaging examinations are commonly used diagnostic tools for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, these methods have limitations. Inflammatory proteins have the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as treatment targets. The expression profile and diagnosis effect of inflammatory proteins in PTC are not well understood. Here, 18 healthy volunteers (as healthy control), 12 patients with nodular goiter, and 34 patients with PTC were collected to analyze serum inflammatory proteins by proximity extension assay. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of differential expression of proteins via the area under the curve (AUC) analysis. A total of 36 differentially expressed inflammatory proteins were found among PTC, nodular goiter, and healthy control. The combination diagnosis derived from the logistic regression analysis exhibited promising diagnostic capabilities in distinguishing nodular goiter from healthy control (AUC = 0.88), distinguishing PTC from healthy control (AUC = 0.89), and distinguishing PTC from nodular goiter (AUC = 0.87). Whereas the combination diagnosis derived from the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) exhibited promising diagnostic capabilities in distinguishing nodular goiter from healthy control (AUC = 0.92), distinguishing PTC from healthy control (AUC = 0.93), and distinguishing PTC from nodular goiter (AUC = 0.93). Overall, this study offers potential biomarkers for distinguishing between PTC and nodular goiter in clinical practice. The combination derived from the LASSO algorithm outperforms logistic regression.
Experiments in Leading through Influence: Reflections from a Group of Emerging Technical Leaders
Authors: Browne Chris A. , Brown Jeffrey , Cadigan John , Davidz Heidi , Fadeley David , Feli Heather , Geist Karl C. , Gross Myra Parsons , Kusunoki Maz , Lee Clement , Meyer Al , Romana Louis‐Emmanuel , Spencer Brad , Stolzar Lauren , Stringhetti Luca , Tham Ming Wah
Published: June 2024

Technical leadership is a skill defined in the INCOSE professional competencies. This paper presents reflections on a shared learning journey about technical leadership from the perspective of a group of emerging technical leaders. These reflections provide insights around building awareness, navigating power and influence, benchmarking personal performance, developing capacity for change, and establishing critical friends. The final section provides lessons for working as a global team in technical leadership. This paper is of relevance to any technical leader looking to develop this capacity across technical sectors.
“My beating and bleeding heart for all of you”: Enacting culturally sustaining pedagogy through spoken word poetry
Authors: Curwood Jen Scott
Published: July 2024

This article highlights how mentors in spoken word poetry workshops drew on culturally sustaining pedagogy, modeled their own creativity and vulnerability through their poetry, and amplified the voices of youth poets by encouraging them to explore their identities and grapple with inequities in their own lives. Situated in western Sydney, one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse communities within Australia, the article focuses on the Real Talk program, a 6‐week school‐based spoken word poetry workshop organized by the Bankstown Poetry Slam, the largest slam in the southern hemisphere. It examines the critical role that mentor poets play in supporting young people's storytelling through spoken word poetry.
Integrating standardized patient safety and quality competencies in pharmacy curriculum: Evaluation of the impact on student development and professional identity
Authors: Chang Jennifer , Firebaugh Rachel G. , Jefferson Curtis G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Improving patient safety and quality of care is a national healthcare priority. While changes in healthcare systems help to address some concerns in this area, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of healthcare professionals play a role as well. Health professions education programs have a responsibility to ensure comprehensive patient safety and quality training.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of integrating standardized safety and quality competencies from an evidence‐based framework in a patient safety and quality course within a Doctor of Pharmacy program.

Methods

A gap analysis was conducted using guidelines from the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI) to explore curricular coverage of the included concepts and competencies. The course was designed to address key competencies not addressed elsewhere in the curriculum. An adapted self‐assessment survey tool was administered at the end of the course for students to retrospectively assess changes in perceived skills and attitudes. Mean retrospective pre‐ and post‐scores were compared using the paired sample t‐tests and Cohen d as a measure of effect size. Responses to an open‐ended question regarding how students could impact patient safety were qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes. Student performance on the course final exam was analyzed using descriptive statistics to assess knowledge.

Results

Sixty‐three students (80.8%) completed the survey and were included in the analysis. A statistically significant change was observed in 18 of the 24 self‐assessment items, with effect sizes in the modest to moderate range. Key themes emerged regarding student professional identity development including error prevention, error management, reporting culture, learning culture, just culture, and teamwork. The mean individual student score on the final examination was 87.67% ± 4.87%.

Conclusion

Findings suggest the new course using the CPSI framework had a positive impact on student knowledge, perceived skills, and attitudes in the area of patient safety.
The egalitarian value of counterfeit goods: Purchasing counterfeit luxury goods to address income inequality
Authors: Liu Jingshi (Joyce) , Wakeman S. Wiley , Norton Michael I.
Published: July 2024

The present research demonstrates a novel driver of the growing demand for counterfeit luxury goods: perceptions of income inequality. Across five studies, using different samples and counterfeit luxury goods, we find that as perceptions of income inequality increase, consumers value counterfeit luxury products for their “egalitarian value”—a value associated with counterfeits' perceived ability to restore equality in society. Consumers perceive both public and private counterfeit luxury goods to have egalitarian value, suggesting that their value manifests itself beyond consumers' attempts to signal status via consumption. Moreover, the egalitarian value increases consumers' motivation to purchase counterfeit luxury goods beyond their hedonic, utilitarian, economic, or status signaling value. Finally, the positive effect of the egalitarian value of counterfeit luxury goods on purchase preference is greater among consumers who think equality is more desirable and attainable (i.e., those low in social dominance orientation). Our results outline one psychological mechanism underlying consumers' interests in counterfeit luxury goods, explaining how egalitarian value may link two important societal issues: growing income inequality and increased demand for counterfeits.
The life‐course changes in muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study
Authors: Wang Xi , Gao Liwang , Xiong Jingfan , Cheng Hong , Liu Li , Dong Hongbo , Huang Yiwen , Fan Hongmin , Wang Xia , Shan Xinying , Xiao Pei , Liu Junting , Yan Yinkun , Mi Jie
Published: July 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is an important indicator of ill health and is linked to increased mortality and a reduced quality of life. Age‐associated muscle mass indices provide a critical tool to help understand the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to develop sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass indices in a Chinese population and to compare those indices with those from other ethnicities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Methods

Whole‐body and regional muscle mass was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in participants of the China Body Composition Life‐course (BCL) study (17 203 healthy Chinese aged 3–60 years, male 48.9%) and NHANES (12 663 healthy Americans aged 8–59 years, male 50.4%). Age‐ and sex‐specific percentile curves were generated for whole‐body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape statistical method.

Results

Values of upper and lower muscle mass across ages had three periods: an increase from age 3 to a peak at age 25 in males (with the 5th and 95th values of 41.5 and 66.4 kg, respectively) and age 23 in females (with the 5th and 95th values of 28.4 and 45.1 kg, respectively), a plateau through midlife (30s–50s) and then a decline after their early 50s. The age at which muscle mass began to decline was 52 years in men with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 43.5 and 64.6 kg, and 51 years in women with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 31.6 and 46.9 kg. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreased earlier than whole body muscle mass, especially leg skeletal muscle mass, which decreased slightly after age 49 years in both sexes. In comparison with their US counterparts in the NHANES, the Chinese participants had lower muscle mass indices (all P < 0.001) and reached a muscle mass peak earlier with a lower muscle mass, with the exception of similar values compared with adult Mexican and White participants. The muscle mass growth rate of Chinese children decreased faster than that of other races after the age of 13.

Conclusions

We present the sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles for muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by DXA in participants aged 3–60 from China and compare them with those of different ethnic groups in NHANES. The rich data characterize the trajectories of key muscle mass indices that may facilitate the clinical appraisal of muscle mass and improve the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population.
Component rotational mismatch in the standing position is a potential risk factor for unfavourable functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kokubu Yasuhiko , Kawahara Shinya , Mizu‐Uchi Hideki , Hamai Satoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Sato Taishi , Ishibashi Shojiro , Konishi Toshiki , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study assessed rotational mismatch between components after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the supine and standing positions and aimed to investigate the effect of rotational mismatch in the standing position on postoperative patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

Seventy‐one patients (71 knees) who underwent TKA for medial knee osteoarthritis were used to investigate rotational mismatches between components. Rotational mismatches between components were examined on postoperative standing whole‐leg and supine knee radiographs using a three‐dimensional‐to‐two‐dimensional model image registration technique, and the angles between the reference axes of the components were measured. Component alignment was evaluated using postoperative computed tomography images, and a questionnaire (2011 version of the Knee Society Score: [KSS 2011]) was mailed to investigate postoperative PROMs.

Results

In the entire cohort, rotational mismatches in the supine and standing positions were similar (p = 0.9315). In 15% of patients, the mismatch was large (>5°) in the supine position but small (<5°) in the standing position (overestimated group). However, in 23% of patients, the mismatch was small (<5°) in the supine position and large (>5°) in the standing position (underestimated group). The underestimated group had severe preoperative varus deformity, resulting in external rotation of both femoral and tibial components. Rotational mismatch in the standing position (p = 0.0032) was a significant risk factor for unfavourable PROMs. Patients with a mismatch in the standing position had significantly lower scores than those without a mismatch (p = 0.0215), exceeding the minimal clinically important difference values.

Conclusions

The underestimated group is clinically important because the surgical procedure and intraoperative assessment of component placement are performed in the supine position. In cases of severe preoperative varus deformity, care should be taken not to place the component in malrotation to avoid rotational mismatch in the standing position.

Level of Evidence

Ⅳ, Case series.
脳卒中プロトコール始動のタイミングと急性期脳梗塞の治療開始時間の関連についての検討(Assessment of the relationship between the timing of stroke protocol initiation and treatment starting time for acute cerebral infarction)
Authors: 友紀 番匠谷 , 大作 松井 , 修 藤崎 , 元博 菊川 , 崇史 間 , 誠人 小林 , 太 永嶋
Published: July 2024

【目的】急性期脳梗塞の治療開始時間（door to puncture time: D2P）を短縮するため，患者搬入前から受入準備を行うことの妥当性は想像に難くないが，実際どのタイミングで始動することがD2Pを短縮するかの報告は過去にない。当院ではドクターヘリ・カー（以下，DH・DC）を活用したstroke protocol（以下，SP）を運用しており，患者搬入前にSP宣言があれば，CT室へ直接搬送し，CT室から脳神経外科医の併診が可能である。本検討はSPの患者搬入前の始動（以下，搬入前SP）が，患者搬入後の始動（以下，搬入後SP）と比べD2Pを短縮するかを明らかにすることを目的とした。【対象】2018年4月から2022年12月までの間に，SPを運用し血栓回収療法を実施した患者を，搬入前SP群と搬入後SP群の2群に分け，D2Pについて比較を行った。また，各々の群の搬送手段（DH・DC / その他）や搬入時間帯（平日日勤帯 / 時間外）によるD2Pを比較し，搬送手段や搬送時間帯による影響を検討した。【結果】搬入前SP群99例，搬入後SP群21例で，患者背景は搬入前SP群でDH・DC搬送が有意に多かった。搬入前SP群，搬入後SP群のD2Pは同等で（73分vs.75分），搬送手段や搬送時間帯による有意差はなかった。【結語】搬入前SPは，搬入後SPと比較し，D2Pを短縮しなかった。
腸間膜内穿通した空腸憩室炎の1例(A case of non–surgical management of penetrated jejunal diverticulitis localized perforation)
Authors: 大輔 室屋 , 崇通 西田 , 久陽 下河辺 , 義人 和田
Published: July 2024

症例は53歳の男性。昼食後に左側腹部痛が出現して救急外来を受診した。腹部は圧痛を認めるものの，筋性防御や反跳痛などの腹膜刺激症状は認めなかった。腹部CT検査で多発する小腸憩室を認め，一部の空腸憩室周囲の脂肪織濃度上昇と腸間膜内の憩室外にガス像を認めたため，空腸憩室炎の穿通と診断した。腹部所見が限局していたため抗菌薬による保存的加療を行い，第4病日に食事再開して症状増悪を認めず，第8病日に自宅退院した。空腸憩室炎は大腸憩室炎に比べて稀であるが穿孔症例の死亡率は高く，穿孔や膿瘍形成症例は手術を推奨されている。穿通や膿瘍形成が限局している空腸憩室穿孔症例において保存的加療の報告が少ないながら認められる。慎重な症例選択とCT検査による厳重な経過観察のもとで手術回避できる症例が存在することが示唆された1例を経験したため，文献的考察を加えて報告する。
High freshwater turtle occupancy of streams within a sustainably managed tropical forest in Borneo
Authors: Tan Wei Cheng , Vitalis Victor , Sikuim Julsun , Rödder Dennis , Rödel Mark‐Oliver , Asad Sami
Published: July 2024

Despite suffering dramatic declines due to habitat loss and overexploitation, tortoises and freshwater turtles in Southeast Asia remain understudied. Sustainable forest management offers a promising approach for advancing the conservation of threatened turtle populations. This study examines the effect of reduced impact logging (RIL), a sustainable forestry method, on 2 freshwater turtle species. We examined detectability patterns and habitat relationships for the threatened Malayan flat‐shelled turtle (Notochelys platynota) and the non‐threatened Malayan soft‐shelled turtle (Dogania subplana) in 8 streams within a commercial forest reserve between March and July 2019, in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Using single‐species occupancy models, we identified covariates associated with the detection and occupancy probabilities of these species across a post‐harvest recovery gradient (1–21 years since logging). Covariates used in the models were obtained directly from the field or from open‐source remote sensing data. Results for soft‐shelled turtles were inconclusive. In contrast, we found a negative association between monthly rainfall and flat‐shelled turtle detectability. The occupancy probability of flat‐shelled turtles was positively associated with greater distance from logging roads and higher stream flow accumulation. Occupancy probability for flat‐shelled turtles and soft‐shelled turtles was relatively high throughout the reserve (0.79 ± 0.1 [SD] and 0.57 ± 0.22, respectively). These results, suggest that appropriately managed forests, could serve as invaluable conservation areas for imperiled freshwater turtle species in the region.