bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wasted Space: Repurposing Landfills for Resilient Ecologies and Improvements to Equity
Authors: Beeson Sarah Zibanejadrad
Published: December 2023

How can a closed municipal solid waste landfill be repurposed to provide improvements to ecology and equity once the landfill has reached the end of its intended life cycle? The impact of landfills on the environment and human health has improved considerably since the early 1990s with the introduction of federal municipal solid waste landfill regulations through the implementation of Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) as administered by the Environmental Protection Agency and state-level regulatory agencies. However, a landfill does little to positively contribute to the local ecology and surrounding residents without significant modifications. Once a landfill has reached the end of its life cycle and is no longer accepting waste, it is often capped, closed, and monitored for up to thirty years post-closure per regulatory requirements. As a result, the property remains a municipal asset which must be maintained to meet post-closure requirements under RCRA, yet the surrounding environment receives little to no benefit from a large, underutilized plot of clear-cut land used solely to store waste. This paper will explore how closed municipal solid waste landfills can be repurposed to provide contributions to the local environment and provide amenities for the use of surrounding residents.
A germline chimeric KANK1-DMRT1 transcript derived from a complex structural variant is associated with a congenital heart defect segregating across five generations
Authors: Costa Silvia Souza , Fishman Veniamin , Pinheiro Mara , Rodrigueiro Andre , Sanseverino Maria Teresa , Zielinsky Paulo , Carvalho Claudia M. B. , Rosenberg Carla , Krepischi Ana Cristina Victorino
Published: December 2023

Structural variants (SVs) pose a challenge to detect and interpret, but their study provides novel biological insights and molecular diagnosis underlying rare diseases. The aim of this study was to resolve a 9p24 rearrangement segregating in a family through five generations with a congenital heart defect (congenital pulmonary and aortic valvular stenosis, and pulmonary artery stenosis), by applying a combined genomic analysis. The analysis involved multiple techniques, including karyotype, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), FISH, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA-seq and optical genome mapping (OGM). A complex 9p24 SV was hinted at by CMA results, showing three interspersed duplicated segments. Combined WGS and OGM analyses revealed that the 9p24 duplications constitute a complex SV, on which a set of breakpoints match the boundaries of the CMA duplicated sequences. The proposed structure for this complex rearrangement implies three duplications associated with an inversion of ~ 2Mb region on chromosome 9 with a SINE element insertion at the more distal breakpoint. Interestingly, this hypothesized genomic structure of rearrangement forms a chimeric transcript of the KANK1/DMRT1 loci, which was confirmed by RNA-seq on blood from 9p24 rearrangement carriers. Altogether with breakpoint amplification and FISH analysis, this combined approach allowed a deep characterization of this complex rearrangement. Although the genotype-phenotype correlation remains elusive from the molecular mechanism point of view, this study identified a large genomic rearrangement at 9p segregating with a familial congenital clinical trait, revealing a genetic biomarker that was successfully applied for embryo selection, changing the reproductive perspective of affected individuals.
Voxel-wise Fusion of Resting fMRI Networks and Gray Matter Volume for Alzheimer's Disease Classification using Deep Multimodal Learning
Authors: Itkyal Vaibhavi S. , Abrol Anees , LaGrow Theodore J. , Fedorov Alex , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder requiring accurate and early diagnosis for effective treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and gray matter volume analysis from structural MRI have emerged as valuable tools for investigating AD-related brain alterations. However, the potential benefits of integrating these modalities using deep learning techniques remain unexplored. In this study, we propose a novel framework that fuses composite images of multiple rs-fMRI networks (called voxelwise intensity projection) and gray matter segmentation images through a deep learning approach for improved AD classification. We demonstrate the superiority of fMRI networks over commonly used metrics such as amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF in capturing spatial maps critical for AD classification. We use a multi-channel convolutional neural network incorporating the AlexNet dropout architecture to effectively model spatial and temporal dependencies in the integrated data. Extensive experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset of AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) validate the efficacy of our approach, showcasing improved classification performance of 94.12% test accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) score of 97.79 compared to existing methods. Our results show that the fusion results generally outperformed the unimodal results. The saliency visualizations also show significant differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, caudate nucleus, and regions of basal ganglia which are in line with the previous neurobiological literature. Our research offers a novel method to enhance our grasp of AD pathology. By integrating data from various functional networks with structural MRI insights, we significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. This accuracy is further boosted by the effective visualization of this combined information. This lays the groundwork for further studies focused on providing a more accurate and personalized approach to AD diagnosis. The proposed framework and insights gained from fMRI networks provide a promising avenue for future research in deep multimodal fusion and neuroimaging analysis.
Substance Use Patterns and Opioid Abstinence Rates Among Patients on Methadone Treatment at a Referral Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya.
Authors: Kuria Susan Wangeci
Published: December 2023

Background Several evidence-based assessments show that the Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is beneficial. However, patients using multiple substances at the time of enrolment has affected the outcomes of the program. Studies have indicated that patients continue to use opioids and other substances while in the program. We aimed to determine substance use patterns and opioid abstinence rates among patients who were attending the Medically-Assisted Therapy Clinic at Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 713 patients who had enrolled in the Medically Assisted Therapy (MAT) clinic between December 2014 and February 2018. Data for each participant was collected over 24 months. A researcher-designed socio-demographic form and data collecting form were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.Results Most participants were males 611(85.7%). The mean age was 34.2 years (SD 8.55). The majority had attained primary level of education 333(46.7%), were employed 424(59.47%), and were separated 322(45.1%). All the participants had used at least one other substance apart from opioids. The commonest substances were; tobacco 649(91%), followed by cannabis 591(82.9%) and benzodiazepines 367(51.5%). At 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, opioid abstinence rates were 61.3%, 76.0%, 73.5%, and 81.4%, respectively. Abstinence rates increased from 61.3% at 6 months to 81.4% at 24 months, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001).Conclusions Majority of the patients attending the MAT clinic use more than one substance. There is a need to scale up the program to also offer free management for other substances. This study replicated the evidence of MMT among opioid users. However, there is still a need to explore further why some patients continue to use opioids while in the program.
Identifying characteristics that enable resilient immunization programs: a scoping review
Authors: Baxter Luke , Slater Rebeccah , Hermany Lindsay V. , Bhatti Alexandra , Eiden Amanda L. , Mitrovich Rachel , Connolly Mark , Vanderslott Samantha , Nyaku Mawuli , Bhatt Aomesh
Published: December 2023

Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragility of immunization programs and resulted in a significant reduction in vaccination rates, with increasing vaccine preventable disease outbreaks consequently reported. These vulnerabilities underscore the importance of resilient immunization programs to ensure optimal performance during crises. To date, a framework for assessing immunization program resilience does not exist. We conducted a scoping review of immunization programs during times of crises to identify factors that characterize resilient immunization programs, which may inform an Immunization Program Resilience Tool.
Design Scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.
Data Sources CINAHL, CENTRAL, Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science, databases were searched between 01-Jan-2011 to 02-Sep-2023. Citation searching of identified studies was also performed.
Eligibility Criteria We included primary empirical peer-reviewed studies that discussed the resilience of immunization program to crises, shocks, or disruptions.
Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers screened records and performed data extraction. We extracted data on study location and design, crisis description, and resilience characteristics discussed, and identified evidence gaps in the literature. Findings were synthesized using tabulation and an evidence gap map.
Results Thirty-seven studies met eligibility criteria. These studies captured research conducted across six continents, with most concentrated in Africa, Asia, and Europe. One study had a Randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, while 36 studies had observational designs (15 analytical and 21 descriptive). We identified five characteristics of resilient immunization programs drawing on the Health System Resilience Index (Integration, Awareness, Resource Availability and Access, Adaptiveness, and Self-regulation) and several evidence gaps in the literature.
Conclusions To our knowledge, no immunization program resilience tool exists. We identified factors from the Health System Resilience Index coupled with factors identified through primary empirical evidence, which may inform development of an immunization program resilience tool.
Gelingende Verankerung von Hochschulbildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung in den Curricula
Authors: Molitor Heike , Krah Jennifer , Bruns Antonia
Published: December 2023

Zukunftsfähige Lehre erfordert Konzepte, die zur aktiven Gestaltung von gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen nachhaltiger Entwicklung befähigen. Hochschulbildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (HBNE) bietet ein exzellentes Konzept, dessen curriculare Verankerung jedoch erst operationalisiert und etabliert werden muss. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, wie eine Integration von Inhalten und Methoden der HBNE in Curricula gelingen kann. Der besondere Fokus liegt auf einer systematischen und spiral-curricularen Verankerung von Schlüsselkompetenzen für Nachhaltigkeit in die Modulbeschreibungen von Studiengängen. Durch sie kann ein Beitrag zur Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Studienprogramme geleistet werden.
Lernen außerhalb des Hörsaals: Die Sustainability Challenge als Beitrag zur Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Hölter Kaisu , Hensel-Börner Susanne , Schmidt-Ross Inga , Schnurr Johanna
Published: December 2023

Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) leistet einen Beitrag zur Umsetzung der Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) und erfordert zugleich innovative Lernumgebungen. Mit dem Modul Sustainability Challenge wird ein flexibel einsetzbares Format für Service Learning außerhalb der Hochschule vorgeschlagen. Begleitende Lehrforschung liefert einen systematischen Überblick über die Lernerfahrungen der Studierenden und die Besonderheiten des außerhochschulischen Lernorts. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie die Sutainability Challenge auf BNE einzahlen kann.
Der Einfluss der Berufsvererbung auf die Berufswahlmotive von Lehramtsstudierenden
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Förster Martin , Degen Johanna , Kleeberg-Niepage Andrea
Published: December 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die Bedeutung der Berufsvererbung unter Lehramtsstudierenden in den Blick. Auf der Basis einer quantitativen Befragung von Studienanfänger:innen wird überprüft, ob sich Lehramtsstudierende, deren Eltern im Lehrer:innenberuf tätig sind bzw. tätig waren, im Hinblick auf ihre Studienwahlmotive sowie psychologischer Ressourcen von denen ohne solche Eltern unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verweisen darauf, dass sich die beiden untersuchten Studierendengruppen sowohl in Hinblick auf die Studienwahlmotive als auch die psychologischen Ressourcen unterscheiden. Entgegen der Forschungshypothese deuten die Ergebnisse aber auch darauf hin, dass idealistische Studienwahlmotive bei Studierenden mit Berufsvererbung höher ausgeprägt sind.
The Effect of Carbonisation Heating Rates on the Properties of N-Doped Teak Sawdust Waste Activated Carbon
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia, Putra Negara Dewa Ngakan Ketut ,   Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana University, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali 80234, Indonesia, Tirta Nindhia Tjokorda Gede ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia, Kusuma Kencanawati Cokorda Istri Putri ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia, Suriadi I Gusti Agung Kade ,   Industrial Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia, Widiyarta I Made ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia,   Master Program of Mechanical Engineering, Udayana University, Jalan P.B. Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali 80234, Indonesia, Lokantara I Putu ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia, Budiarsa I Nyoman ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Udayana University, Street of Bukit Jimbaran, Badung-Bali 80361, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

Biomass can be utilised in place of non-renewable raw resources like coal and petroleum residue in the production of activated carbon. Each biomass, however, requires different manufacturing process parameters to obtain the desired activated carbon characteristics due to their different chemical compositions. This study aims to examine the effects of carbonisation heating rates (8°C/min, 10°C/min and 12°C/min) on the characteristics of teak sawdust-derived activated carbon. Furthermore, finding the proper carbonisation heating rate to provide the optimum characteristics is the originality of this study. Activation was carried out at a temperature of 600°C, and simultaneously, 200 mL/min of nitrogen was doped. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and adsorption isotherm tests were performed as part of the characterisation. The results revealed that activated carbon carbonised at a rate of 10°C/min produced the best properties. This activated carbon contained 10.8% moisture, 15.26% volatile, 1.73% ash and 72.43% fixed carbon. The majority of the structure is mesopore, with an average pore diameter of 2.43 nm, a pore volume of 0.369 cm3 /g and a specific surface area of 409.698 m2 /g. Its ability to adsorb nitrogen was 239.102 cm3 /g. The successful production of activated carbon from biomass waste derived from teak sawdust offers hope for untapped sawdust waste and has the potential to be used in a number of applications that need adsorption mechanisms.
Issue of VHF Continuous Emission Radars Coordinate Measurement Discrepancy
Authors:   Special Design and Technology Bureau “Granit” 050060, 292 Khusainov Str., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Vasiliev Ivan , Saliy Sergey ,   Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan 050010, 103 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Altynbekov Rollan ,   Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan 050010, 103 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Rysbayeva Gulshat ,   Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan 050010, 103 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, Echin Vladimir ,   Academy of the Border Service of the National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan 050010, 103 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: December 2023

The research delves into the significance of continuous emission radars of very high frequency (VHF) range in detecting small unmanned aircraft and marine targets for navigation safety. Recognising the need for improved radars and reduced coordinate measurement errors, the study aims to analyse discrepancies in azimuth and range determination in radars with fixed-phased antenna arrays. By developing effective tools with low computational complexity for target azimuth determination, the research seeks to enhance radar performance. Employing analytical, classification, functional, and statistical methods, the study comprehensively examines the peculiarities and differences of radars. It meticulously analyses coordinate measurement errors and investigates their causes. The impact of these discrepancies on radar performance and their relevance in various applications, particularly maritime navigation, is carefully evaluated. The findings emphasise the critical role of continuous emission radars in ensuring shipping safety and economic efficiency. The recommendations derived from the study offer valuable insights for improving radar effectiveness, addressing operational limitations, and enhancing overall functionality. By tackling coordinate measurement errors and providing accurate azimuth determination tools, this research contributes to advancing continuous emission radar technology and its practical applications. Through its findings and recommendations, the study aims to optimise radar performance, enhance navigation safety, and improve economic efficiency in diverse sectors.
Systematic study of high field strength elements during liquid immiscibility between carbonatitic melt and silicate melt
Authors: Zhang Wanzhu , Xue Shuo , Ling Ming-Xing , Ding Xing
Published: December 2023

Natural carbonatites exhibit a wide range of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and the highest Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios among various rock types. However, primitive carbonatitic melts derived from carbonated peridotite do not display significant fractionation of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf. To investigate this further, we conducted liquid immiscibility experiments to comprehend the differentiation of these HFSEs. Our experiments revealed substantial changes in partition coefficients for Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf between carbonatite and silicate melts. We identified a positive correlation between the partition coefficients of these elements and Si, indicating that Si determines the differentiation of Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf during liquid immiscibility. The partition coefficients of Si increase as temperature increases and pressure decreases, resulting in higher HFSE concentrations during the early stages of liquid immiscibility. Liquid immiscibility is crucial in differentiating HFSEs in carbonatitic melts, explaining the association between super large carbonatite-related Nb deposits and Si-undersaturated silicate rocks.
The effect of A-site cations on charge-carrier mobility in Fe-rich amphiboles
Authors: Bernardini Simone , Ventura Giancarlo Della , Schlüter Jochen , Hawthorne Frank C. , Mihailova Boriana
Published: December 2023

Elucidating the high-temperature behavior of rock-forming minerals such as amphiboles (AB2C5 T8O22W2) is critical for the understanding of large-scale geological processes in the lithosphere and, in particular, the development of high conductivity in the Earth’s interior. Recently, we have shown that at elevated temperatures, CFe-bearing amphiboles with a vacant A site develop two types of charge carriers: (1) small polarons and (2) delocalized H+ ions.

To elucidate the effect of A-site cations on the formation and stability of charge carriers within the amphibole structure, here we analyzed synthetic potassic-ferro-richterite as a model Fe-rich amphibole with a fully occupied A site via in situ temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. We further compare the results from in situ time-dependent Raman-scattering experiments on pre-heated and rapidly quenched potassic-ferro-richterite and riebeckite as a model Fe-rich amphibole with a vacant A site.

We show that the presence of A-site cations (1) reduces the activation temperature of mobile polarons and delocalized H+ cations; (2) decreases the magnitude of the polaron dipole moment; (3) slows down the process of re-localization of electrons on cooling; and (4) makes the electrons inert to rapid change in external conditions, supporting the persistence of a metastable state of pre-activated delocalized electrons even at room temperature.

Our results have important geological implications demonstrating that the A-site cations may control the depth of development of high conductivity in subducted amphibole-bearing rocks. Moreover, from the viewpoint of mineral-inspired materials science, our results suggest that the amphibole-structure type has great potential for designing functional materials with tunable anisotropic-conductivity properties.
Determining the psychometric properties of middle school statistical thinking testlet-based assessment tool
Authors: HOOI LİAN Lım , YEW Wun
Published: December 2023

The majority of students from elementary to tertiary levels have misunderstandings and challenges acquiring various statistical concepts and skills. However, the existing statistics assessment frameworks challenge practice in a classroom setting. The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a statistical thinking assessment tool involving form one (Grade 7) students’ statistical thinking. The SOLO model was applied to develop five testlet tasks. Each testlet task involved four components. This study employed the survey methodology to assess the statistical thinking of 356 form one students. Content validity was determined using the Content Validity Index (CVI). The construct validity was determined using Rasch analysis. The results demonstrated that the instrument for assessing the statistical thinking of the form one students was valid and trustworthy. This finding of the study also revealed new evidence that the instrument allowed the teachers to identify the students’ progress effectively based on the hierarchical manner of item levels in the testlet format. The instrument was useful in identifying students’ statistical thinking levels. The students’ ability to respond appropriately to a task at a particular level reveals their degree of cognitive development. Testlet task was also easy to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses in learning statistics topics.
Learning lattice quantum field theories with equivariant continuous flows
Authors: Gerdes Mathis , de Haan Pim , Rainone Corrado , Bondesan Roberto , Cheng Miranda C. N.
Published: December 2023

We propose a novel machine learning method for sampling from the high-dimensional probability distributions of Lattice Field Theories, which is based on a single neural ODE layer and incorporates the full symmetries of the problem. We test our model on the \phi^4ϕ4 theory, showing that it systematically outperforms previously proposed flow-based methods in sampling efficiency, and the improvement is especially pronounced for larger lattices. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our model can learn a continuous family of theories at once, and the results of learning can be transferred to larger lattices. Such generalizations further accentuate the advantages of machine learning methods.
Invisible barriers: Effects of glass ceiling on women’s career progression in Nepalese commercial banks
Authors: Shrestha Indira , Kumar Dahal Rewan , Ghimire Binod , Rai Bharat
Published: December 2023

Eliminating gender prejudice in job advancement is crucial to organizational success. The study aims to analyze the impact of invisible barriers (corporate culture and corporate practices) on the promotion of women working in Nepalese commercial banks. Structural equation modeling and path analysis have examined how the glass ceiling factors affect women’s career progression. The study’s targeted population consisted of female middle-level managers. It used convenience sampling to collect information from 288 female middle-level managers. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests for sphericity were used to test the study’s external validity. Construct reliability tests and average variance extracted tests were used to evaluate the convergent validity of the latent variables. Heterotrait-monotrait ratio test was used to assess the discriminant validity of the independent components. The result revealed that the corporate culture with seven observable items (β = –0.313; p < 0.05) and corporate practices with nine observable items (β = –0.507; p < 0.05) had a negative and statistically significant impact on women’s career progression in Nepal, accounting for approximately 64.0% of the variation. For organizations to be moral and effective, gender stereotypes regarding promotions must be eliminated. The study’s findings assist policymakers in understanding how the glass ceiling affects women’s promotion in businesses and recognizing discrimination based on gender to make promotional decisions impartial.
Water distribution system modelling of GIS-remote sensing and EPANET for the integrated efficient design
Authors: Dongare Pranit , Sharma Kul Vaibhav , Kumar Vijendra , Mathew Aneesh
Published: December 2023

Urban settlement depends on water distribution networks for clean and safe drinking water. This research incorporates geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and hydraulic modelling software EPANET to analyse and construct water distribution systems in Bota town, India. Satellite images and hydrological data have been utilized for the management of the Bota town's water supply network, sources to cater the demand for urban centres. EPANET simulates hydraulic behaviour in the water distribution system under different operating situations. EPANET simulation shows network leaks, low pressure, and substantial head loss. These findings have advised for water distribution system improvements by analysing network shortcomings. Booster pumps, new pipelines, and repairing of existing leakages are examples of such improvements. GIS, RS, and EPANET provided a comprehensive water distribution system study and more accurate and efficient improvement identification. This study emphasizes the necessity of new technologies in water distribution system analysis and design. The study solves Bota town's water distribution system problems of low pressure, high head loss, and leaks utilizing GIS, RS, and EPANET. The findings of this research can help in enhancing the water delivery systems in other towns with comparable issues.
A literature-based comparison of embodied GHG emissions of forced main sewer additives with potential reductions in methane generation
Authors: Parker Wayne J. , Walton J. R.
Published: December 2023

Fugitive emissions of methane (CH4) from force main sewers are of increasing concern. Dosing of additives into force main sewers could be employed to mitigate methane emissions. However, all additives will have embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study examined commonly employed additives in terms of modes of action and potential to mitigate methane generation. Typical dosing strategies reported in the literature for each chemical were compiled and their embodied GHG emissions were summarised from sources in the literature. The net emissions considering mitigated methane generation and embodied GHG emissions were calculated on the basis of typical usage reported in the literature. The results revealed that biofilm shocking strategies and addition of iron have the greatest net reduction in GHG emissions. There is, however, uncertainty associated with the mechanisms by which iron reduces CH4 generation in force mains. Furthermore, future changes in the sourcing of iron may increase its embodied emissions. A qualitative assessment of the impacts of additive use on downstream GHG emissions revealed that they are highly case specific.
Flow field and sediment removal in a stormwater sump utilizing internal structures
Authors: Wang Chunling , Zhu David Z. , Huang Biao , Yang Zhi , Yang Yunze
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the hydraulic characteristics of stormwater sumps and their design optimization for sediment retention using physical experiments. Particle image velocimetry was utilized to measure the flow field, and the use of internal structures was investigated for improving solids retention. Results indicate that these internal structures can significantly improve the sediment removal efficiency of suspended solids with an average size of 125 μm, resulting in an efficiency improvement of 20–30%. Additionally, a modified Péclet number was proposed to more accurately evaluate the sediment removal efficiency of stormwater sumps, and recommendations were provided for further improving and optimizing sump design. This study provides insights into the hydraulic characteristics of stormwater sumps and has important implications for optimizing and designing particle removal systems for various industrial and environmental applications.
EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON PHYSIOLOGY OF BREATHING IN MICROGRAVITY
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Baranov V.M.
Published: December 2023

The author summarizes the results of own long-term investigations of the human respiratory system onboard space objects. These results were analyzed and compared to the data of other authors who also had studied the breathing system in microgravity. The paper describes the logic of space experiments arrangement, sequence, progressive accumulation of knowledge about breathing physiology and microgravity. Microgravity alters the structure of pulmonary volumes and respiratory rate and volume; it disturbs biomechanics of the respiratory muscles contraction that may expedite muscular fatigue and weaken the proprioceptrive inputs to the respiratory center. The thoracic-abdominal breathing ratio changes for abdominal. Microgravity affects the cosmonaut's ability to control respiratory movements intentionally and reduces sensitivity of the central respiratory mechanism to endogenous hypoxia and hypercapnia. Magnitude of these deviations as compared to the ground measurements is not critical for cosmonaut's health and performance. However, in complex they may aggravate the effect of hypoxemia in microgravity, as has been noted by several authors, and be the reason for degradation of physical performance in space mission and, particularly, after landing.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ISOLATION STUDIES (BASED ON RUSSIAN RESEARCH MATERIALS)
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Orlov O.I. , Shved D.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gushchin V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bubeev Yu.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Popova Yu.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Markin А.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Rykova M.P. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ilyin V.K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ponomarev S.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: December 2023

The paper presents a brief survey of the IBMP-based studies with participation of test-subjects volunteered for isolation in closed chambers and mockups of space vehicles reproducing various factors and situations attending space missions. The authors outline the primary findings pertaining to effects of the multitude of isolation factors on human psychophysiology, physiology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology. The obtained facts witness that there is good reason to pursue studies of the effects of confinement and controlled environment in the interests of medical support to crews on space missions beyond low-Earth orbits.
Alimentación natural de Basilichthys australis (Eigenmann) en Tejas Verdes, Chile.
Authors: Urzúa P. Roberto , Díaz M. Cecilia , Karmy B. Eduardo , Moreno M. Carlos
Published: December 2023

Se hizo un estudio de tipo poblacional con 449 ejemplares de Basilichthys australis EIGENMANN, capturados en el curso inferior del Río Maipo, zona de Tejas Verdes, desde agosto de 1969 a octubre de 1970.Se estudiaron algunas de las relaciones tróficas de la especie, analizándose el contenido gástrico de los especímenes capturados. Con el análisis cualitativo del contenido estomacal se determinó el nivel trófico de la especie. Con el análisis cuantitativo se pudieronhacer observaciones poblacionales y biológicas de algunas de las especies que le sirven de alimento.
Emisión de CO2 equivalente en la construcción de viviendas unifamiliares de adobe y ladrillo
Authors: Sanchez-Agurto Yoner , Santa María-Dávila Edward , Saravia Hinoztroza Janeth
Published: December 2023

El presente estudio se centra en conocer el impacto ambiental en términos de CO2 equivalente (CO2e) en la construcción de viviendas unifamiliares de adobe y ladrillo en el distrito de Aucallama, provincia de Huaral, Lima. La metodología seguida fue observacional, cuasi experimental. Se realizaron estudios de campo, tomando datos necesarios para el análisis de las partidas unitarias, estos involucran todos los recursos que se necesitan en las actividades del proceso de construcción de las viviendas. Con el fin de tener resultadoscerteros y confiables, se han hecho los cálculos de metrados y Huella del Carbono HC con viviendas diseñadas bajos las recomendaciones de la normativa peruana. Los cálculos de la Huella del Carbono HC, fueron realizados con la ayuda de Factores de Emisión de inventarios internacionales e investigaciones nacionales. Los cálculos se hacen para los tres procesos: producción de insumos, transporte de losmismos, y ejecución. En la construcción de la vivienda de adobe se han obtenido 14 ton de CO2e, mientras que, para la vivienda de ladrillo, 50 ton de CO2e. La baja HC incorporada de la vivienda de adobe, es debido a las actividades e insumos para la construcción de dicha vivienda, estos son artesanalesy no se requiere de grandes equipos para cada proceso, lo que lo convierte en una vivienda sostenible.
Inteligencia criminal en Argentina. Entre la legitimidad y la efectividad (2011-2021)
Authors: Poczynok Iván
Published: December 2023

El artículo analiza los factores políticos que atravesaron el diseño de las políticas de inteligencia criminal en la Argentina entre 2011 y 2021. Se argumenta que los sucesivos escándalos políticos relacionados con el uso ilegal de los organismos de inteligencia forjaron una agenda sectorial dominada casi exclusivamente por la preocupación acerca del control y la legitimidad democrática de las actividades de inteligencia. Esto no solo situó en un segundo plano la pregunta acerca de la efectividad de la inteligencia criminal, sino que también apuntaló la desconfianza de las élites locales en los organismos de inteligencia y restringió progresivamente el campo de acción de esta actividad, sobre todo en lo que respecta a su uso con fines preventivos o no judiciales.
La secularización de la imagen virreinal y el arte en el Estado liberal: Oaxaca a mediados del siglo XIX
Authors: Yáñez García Juan Manuel
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la construcción de una identidad artística en el estado de Oaxaca, partiendo del proceso de secularización del arte virreinal y su amalgama con el arte académico en el siglo XIX. Se analiza la producción escrita del pintor oaxaqueño Francisco Bonequi desde una perspectiva teórica que explora la tensión entre la autonomía del arte y la función religiosa de la imagen. Asimismo, se estudia la propuesta pictórica de este artista, que refleja los valores visuales y éticos del arte académico, alineándose con la visión artística europea y en concordancia con las corrientes ideológicas del Estado liberal mexicano. El estudio discute las afinidades ideológicas subyacentes en las expresiones artísticas de la noción de estilo y revela que la apropiación del arte del pasado no se limitó exclusivamente a motivaciones conservadoras, sino que también respondió a los intereses ideológicos del Estado liberal. En última instancia, el artículo pone de manifiesto cómo la interconexión del arte académico local con el legado del pasado desempeñó un papel fundamental en la formación de la identidad artística durante el proceso de consolidación del Estado laico.
Al día siguiente: un requerimiento de Hernán Cortés sobre el botín de Tenochtitlan
Authors: Rivero Hernández Iván , Pastor Téllez Daniela
Published: December 2023

El documento que se presenta a continuación es posiblemente el primer acto jurídico de Hernán Cortés tras la toma de Tenochtitlan. Se trata de un requerimiento en el que se ordena a los oficiales de las haciendas regia y de la comunidad de conquistadores que recauden el botín de guerra, así como que eviten el saqueo y el robo de la ciudad mexica que estaban llevando a cabo las tropas conquistadoras, compuestas por indígenas y españoles. Por su importancia, nuestro propósito es hacerlo público, que esté al alcance tanto de investigadores como de cualquier persona interesada. El documento va precedido por un apartado que introduce los temas que contiene y de otro que expone cómo llegó al acervo donde se resguarda hoy en día, el Helmerich Center for American Research, en Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Comparación del sueño ligero y profundo por medio de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca
Authors: Mateos Salgado Erik Leonardo , Ayala Guerrero Fructuoso , Pontones Pérez Karen Arisbeth , Gutiérrez Chávez Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2023

El análisis de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) permite evaluar de forma no invasiva la actividad cardiovascular. La VFC presenta diferencias entre el sueño MOR y NMOR. Aunque, existen inconsistencias en el procedimiento de evaluación de la VFC en el sueño NMOR, hay estudios que lo dividen en sueño ligero y profundo mientras que otros no lo hacen. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar si había diferencias entre estos dos tipos de sueño en 12 medidas de la VFC. Se obtuvo la polisomnografía de 24 voluntarios sanos durante dos noches consecutivas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sueños en las medidas del dominio de tiempo DENN y LogVFC y en las del dominio no lineal DE2 y α1. Estas medidas se caracterizan por proporcionar indicadores de la variabilidad en el funcionamiento cardiaco. Se concluye que al menos con estas medidas se justificaría la división del sueño NMOR en ligero y profundo.
Parentalización en familias monoparentales
Authors: Domínguez Carmen , González Diego , Navarrete Danitza , Zicavo Nelson
Published: December 2023

En el presente artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación de tipo cualitativa correspondiente a la actividad de tesis de los autores, realizada a familias monoparentales con jefatura femenina de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile), cuyo objetivo general fue conocer la percepción que tienen las madres de familias monoparentales de la mencionada ciudad, sobre la parentalización como medio para mantener el equilibrio familiar. Con dichas familias se trabajó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a las jefas de hogar e informantes clave, obteniéndose una apreciación de la distribución de los roles dentro del hogar y, de esta manera, una mayor comprensión de cómo el fenómeno de la parentalización logra ser una herramienta de utilidad para cada sistema familiar. Dentro de los resultados se puede apreciar como la parentalización responde a la historia personal de los jefes de hogar, así como a las circunstancias ambientales a las que se enfrentan las familias o enfermedades de los miembros de estas.
YARATICI DÜŞÜNME SÜREÇLERİNDE DUYGUSAL ZEKA, ÖZ FARKINDALIK VE İÇSEL MOTIVASYONUN YERİ
Authors: ARI Sevgi
Published: December 2023

Çeşitli ortalama değerler ve yerleşik zihinsel kalıpların egemen olduğu toplum düzenlerinde, yaratıcı fikirlerin kök salması veya farklı düşünen bireylerin kabul görmesi her zaman kolay olmamıştır. Tarihten günümüze yaratıcı düşünceleriyle öne çıkan farklı figürlerin ortak özelliği, olumsuz koşullara rağmen başladıkları işi sürdürme iradesini sağlamış olmalarıdır. Peki bu figürler bu iradeyi nasıl sağlamışlardır? Motivasyonun sürekliliğini sağlama yollarına dair cevaplar arayan bu makale, öz farkındalık ve içsel motivasyonu tanımlarken bu unsurların birbiriyle olan çok yönlü ilişkisini incelemektedir. Duygusal zeka ve beynin algılanma şekli ile derinleştirilen başlıklar, her biri bir diğerini mümkün kılan anlayış şekilleri olarak konumlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda öz farkındalık bireylerin düşünce, duygu ve davranışlarının farkında olmalarını ifade ederken, içsel motivasyon kişinin içsel bir memnuniyet ve ilgiyle belirli bir görevi yerine getirmedeki istekliliğini karşılar. İnsanın yaşamda belirlediği amaçlar doğrultusunda hareket etme ve dışsal koşullardan bağımsız olarak bu istekliliğini koruma becerisi, sanat ve tasarım gibi yaratıcılığa bağlı alanları besleyen ve dolayısıyla sanat tasarım eğitiminde öğrencilere kazandırılması gereken temel yetenekler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada motivasyonun sürekliliğine katkı sağlamasıyla öne çıkan öz farkındalığın, yaratıcı düşünme süreçlerini olumlu etkileyen bir unsur olmanın ötesinde; yaratıcılığın önemli bir bileşeni olarak konumlandırılmasının; başka bir deyişle yaratıcılığa içkin olarak görülmesinin daha zenginleştirici bir bakış açısı olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.
GÖRSEL MEDYADA KULLANILAN SEMBOLLERİN TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞLARINA OLAN ETKİSİ
Authors: TUNÇ Simge , KINAM Bilge
Published: December 2023

Semboller, içerisinde bulundukları toplumun şartlarına uyum sağlayarak geçmişten günümüze kadar farklı anlamlarda ve amaçlarda kullanılmışlardır. Çeşitli propaganda çalışmaları ya da reklam tasarımları izleyiciyi istenilen bir düşünceye yönlendirme ve algı yaratmada etkili olmuştur. Bu araştırmada medyanın yaygın kullanımıyla popüler hale gelen bazı dizi ve film içeriklerinde kullanılan sembollerin, toplum üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Dizi veya filmlerde bilinçli olarak tasarlanmış, hatta o yapımın logosu haline gelen bu sembollerin birey üzerindeki etkileri ve endüstriyel bir ürüne dönüşmesi göstergebilim, sosyoloji ve psikoloji bağlamında irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Türkiye'de 2017 ve 2022 yılları arasında yayınlanan, yerli ve yabancı popülerleşmiş diziler ile sınırlandırılan bu nitel çalışmada; Squid Game, Atiye ve Çukur dizilerinde bulunan semboller incelenmiş ve endüstriyel pazardaki yeri ortaya konmuştur. Medya aracılığı ile yaygınlaşan popüler kültür ürünleri, tüketici ile psikolojik ve sosyolojik bağlamda bir iletişimde bulunarak özdeşimi mümkün kılmaktadır. Medyanın sunduğu, içeriğinde şiddete özendirme dahi olsa endüstriyel pazarda yerini alan sembolik ürünler, birer benlik sunum aracına dönüşmektedir. Bu dönüşüm, şiddet unsurlarını da içerdiğinden toplum sağlığı açısından zararları araştırılmaya değer görülmüştür. Araştırmada, içeriğinde şiddet unsuru barındıran dizi ve filmlerin, sembol kullanımıyla etki gücünü kuvvetlendirdiği ve izleyicinin bilinç dışında şiddeti kalıcı bir imgeye dönüştürerek, eyleme aktarabildiği ya da şiddetin meşrulaştırıldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
ELÂZIĞ MUSİKİ KONSERVATUVARI DERNEĞİNİN YÖRESEL MÜZİĞE VE SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIYA KATKILARI
Authors: TUNÇ Yüksel , KARABURUN DOĞAN Derya
Published: December 2023

Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneği, kurulduğu 1971 yılından itibaren Elâzığ-Harput yöre müziğini en iyi şekilde koruyarak en doğru şekliyle gelecek nesillere aktarmaktadır. Kurulduktan iki yıl sonra kamu yararına çalışan dernekler statüsüne girmiştir. Tamamen gönüllü üyelerinin destekleriyle geçmişten günümüze kadar etkin olarak faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Araştırmada ‘Nitel Araştırma’ yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında kaynak taraması yapılmış, konu ile ilgili literatür taranmıştır. Daha sonra, yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin düzenlemiş olduğu konserlerin, sosyal projelerin, söyleşilerin, yarışmaların, kursların, eğitime verdikleri katkılarının ve diğer etkinliklerinin Elâzığ müzik kültürüne ne derecede etki ettiği, yapılan müziğin Elâzığ ilinin sosyo-kültürel gelişimine ne yönde katkılar sağladığı konusunda cevaplar aranmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılan bu çalışmada Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin özellikle yöresel müzik alanında yaptığı etkinliklere yer verilmiştir. Dernek bünyesinde yapılan birçok sanatsal ve eğitimsel faaliyetler aktarılmıştır. Yöre müziğinin tanıtılmasına ve gelişimine öncülük etmesi bakımından önem arz eden derneğin, çeşitli etkinliklerle yöresel müzik kültürüne katkısı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Araştırmanın sonucunda Elâzığ Musiki Konservatuvarı Derneğinin Elâzığ iline müzik kültürü, müzik eğitimi ve şehrin sosyo-kültürel yapısına büyük katkılar sağladığı, sosyal sorumluluk projeleri ile Elâzığ iline zenginlik kattığı, ayrıca Elâzığ ilinin ve müziğinin diğer illerde tanıtımının sağlanmasına katkıda bulunduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
The Poetics of the Image of the“Russian Civilization” in Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent (About the Sources)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Toichkina Alexandra V.
Published: December 2023

The article analyses some works by Nikolay Strakhov that served as a source of poetics for Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent. It explores how historical-literary and historical-philosophical facts became material for the writer’s poetic laboratory. Namely, the paper describes Strakhov’s articles from the magazines “Vremya,” “Zarya,” and “Grazhdanin,” together with letters to Dostoevsky that are important for the poetics of The Adolescent. Particular attention is paid to the article “A Fatal Question” (1863), in which Strakhov formulated his understanding of “the foundation of Russian civilization” and tried to answer the question “What are we, Russians?”. This question was extremely important for Dostoevsky, who in The Adolescent answered it in an artistic form. The study analyzes the artistic means of embodying the theme of the Russian world in the poetics of the work. In particular, the use of epithet “Russian” and toponym “Russia” is investigated. Dostoevsky’s artistic innovation in the use of allegory in the poetics of the novel is discussed separately. The methodology for studying the evolution of different forms of art is based on the approach developed by Dmitry Chyzhevsky. In his “History of the spirit” Chyzhevsky considered artistic techniques and means as the embodiment of the spiritual life of a people in a certain historical era.