bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of sunlight hours and hormones on double ovulation, and singleton and twin pregnancies in mares
Authors: Mellish Martha , Allan Kasadee , Crane Bronwyn
Published: January 2023

Equine twin pregnancies are almost exclusively dizygotic, without the application of advanced reproductive technologies, requiring 2ovulations in 1 estrous cycle. Breeding records were used to determine the effects of sunlight hours, prostaglandin F2α, human chorionicgonadotropin, deslorelin (a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist), and progesterone and estradiol on double ovulation rates,and singleton and twin pregnancy rates. Breeding records of mares (n = 267) and their estrous cycles (n = 914) were analysed. Doubleovulations occurred in 10.5% (96/914) of estrous cycles. Twin pregnancies were observed in 42.7% (38/89) of mares that had doubleovulations. Overall, per estrous cycle pregnancy rate was 47.2% (405/858) and twin pregnancies was 4.4% (38/858). Double ovulationshad higher (p < 0.001) per cycle singleton pregnancy rate (69.7%; 62/89) than 1-ovulation cycles (44.6%; 343/769). Deslorelinincreased (p < 0.05; OR =1.24 95% CI) double ovulations and human chorionic gonadotropin tended (p = 0.089; OR =1.68; 95%CI) to increase double ovulations. Deslorelin use resulted in an odds ratio of 2.47 for a positive pregnancy (either singleton or twin)diagnosis compared to cycles without deslorelin use. None of the factors examined had a substantial impact on twin pregnancy rates.
Single layer density centrifugation improved semen quality in a stallion with hydrocele
Authors: Macedo Sónia , Filipe Ana , Guimarães Tiago , Rocha António
Published: January 2023

Hydrocele was diagnosed in a 21 year old stallion with a history of subfertility. Subjective progressive motilityand normal sperm from ejaculates (n = 12) were (mean ± SEM) 25 ± 11% and 24 ± 7%, respectively. From eachejaculate,1 sample was centrifuged through a silica colloid and refrigerated for 72 hours. An uncentrifuged sampleserved as control. Morphologically normal sperm was higher (p < 0.05) in semen centrifuged through the silicacolloid. Sperm motility in cool-stored semen was higher (p < 0.05) in silica colloid centrifuged semen compared tocontrol at 24, 48, and 72 hours postrefrigeration. Percent viable sperm and sperm with high mitochondria membranepotential were higher (p < 0.05) at 24 hours of postrefrigeration for semen centrifuged through silica colloid. Threemares were inseminated at alternate estrus, either with semen centrifuged through the silica colloid or with control.Inseminations (n = 3) with uncentrifuged semen (≥ 500 x 106 motile sperm) did not result in pregnancy. However,inseminations with fresh semen (n = 2) or 24 hours chilled semen (n = 2) obtained after centrifugation with singlelayer colloid (≥ 170 x 106 motile sperm) resulted in pregnancies. We concluded that hydrocele had apparentlycontributed to decreased semen quality and fertility in this stallion, and centrifugation of the ejaculate through a silicacolloid improved semen quality.
Electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing for a standing flank ovariectomy in beef heifers
Authors: Smith Joe , Salazar Guillermo , Peace Ciara , Olivarez Jeff , Vermeulen Katie , Black Kelley , Guss Camille , Tatarniuk Dane , Dohlman Tyler , Wiley Caitlin
Published: January 2023

Traditional ovariectomy techniques for heifers (e.g. colpotomy) have adverse effects rangingfrom hemorrhage to mortality. Electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing devices offer a superior ligation ofovarian pedicle and associated structures. In ruminants, standing flank laparotomy has been used forabdominal visibility. We performed ovariectomy in 2 companion beef heifers via a unilateral flankapproach, combined with electrosurgical ligation. Surgeries were performed in standing animals, underlocal anesthesia, with no observed short- or long-term adverse effects. This technique is worthconsidering for cases where the security of electrosurgical ligation combined with the accessibility of aflank laparotomy are desired. Additional research is needed to determine the viability of the technique forcattle of various ages and breeds.
Sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in equine primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles
Authors: Cozzi Brynley , Kiesler Zahra , Kutzler Michelle
Published: January 2023

Granulosa cellThe objective of this study was to characterize the protein expression of sperm acrosome associated 3 (SPACA3) in the equine ovary. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ovarian sections from 16 horses were processed for routine immunohistochemistry for SPACA3. Representative images were digitally captured at 400 x magnification. In all mares, SPACA3 was expressed in granulosa cells of all stages of follicles. Expression of SPACA3 in all equine follicular stages suggests that this may be a permanent immunosterilant target for the management of feral horse herds. Additional research is needed to determine if horses can produce a robust humoral response to a SPACA3 vaccine to induce sustained infertility.
Vaginal prolapse in an American Quarter Horse mare
Authors: Chisholm Carolyn , Walters Kevin , Christiansen David , King Heath , Hopper Richard , Sidelinger Darcie
Published: January 2023

A 15 year old, multiparous, American Quarter Horse mare in late pregnancy, was presented for a mass protruding from the vagina that was noticed 12 hours ago. Physical examination revealed a large, 25 x 12.5 x 12.5 cm, pink to red vaginal protrusion with moderate amounts of mucoid discharge. On transrectal palpation, it was evident that the mare was carrying a live fetus. Reminder of the physical examination was unremarkable. Vaginal prolapse was diagnosed that was manually reduced and an episioplasty procedure was performed. Mare was discharged with instructions to be monitored closely for 14 days and then re-evaluated, unless there were signs of impending parturition. Owner was instructed to seek immediate veterinary care if signs of parturition were noted. Foaling occurred without the knowledge of the owner, resulting in labial tear. Mare and a premature foal were presented at the hospital. Foal died during treatment. Mare was euthanized months later due to unrelated lameness. To authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of a vaginal prolapse in a mare.
The Role of Employees' Innovative Work in Mediation of The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Performance Improvement
Authors: Panji Anom Sendika , Gustomo Aurik
Published: January 2023

The results of PT Gapura Angkasa's 2018-2020 Employee Satisfaction Survey measurements show that the Relationship Variable with direct superiors is the indicator with the lowest level of satisfaction and has a high level of importance for three consecutive years. This study aims to analyze leadership factors in a company that are very important in encouraging employee creativity and innovation to achieve the desired goals or work results. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance which is mediated by the innovative work behavior of employees of PT Gapura Angkasa, and how it influences one another. Quantitative methods were used to collect data by distributing questionnaires and processing the data using the Structural Equation Model with Smart PLS software to test the hypothesis. These results were then deepened to find out the extent of Transformational Leadership practices in the company by conducting interviews with six respondents. The results of this study will show a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership on innovative work behavior, transformational leadership on employee performance, and the relationship between transformational leadership on employee performance mediated by creative work behavior. Then the results of deepening related to Transformational leadership practices in companies found priority improvements in the Transformational Leadership dimension, namely the Intellectual Stimulation variable. Efforts to increase transformational leadership based on the results of qualitative data are fostering a culture of innovation, enabling employees to embody new ideas, and providing space for employees to innovate and explore creativity.
Amalan dan Keperluan Pembentangan dan Pendedahan Penyata Kewangan bagi Majlis Agama Islam Negeri di Malaysia
Authors: Sawandi Norfaiezah , Derashid Chek , Ku lsmail Ku Nor lzah , Abu Bakar Fathiyyah , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Syahir , Shaari Hasnah
Published: January 2023

This study examines the practice and inancial reporting requirements of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) of ive states in Malaysia using a case study approach. Two data collection methods are used, namely document review and semi-structured interviews. Review of the SIRCs’ annual reports for the inancial years 2016 and 2017 is made by comparing the SIRCs’ current practice of inancial reporting and disclosure with respect to nine MPSAS (Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards) related to the presentation and disclosure of inancial statements. In addition, this study reviews and examines the Enactments/Ordinance of the Administration of Muslim Religious Affairs of each state. This is followed by interviews with fourteen respondents who are directly or indirectly involved in the preparation of the SIRCs’ inancial statements. Apart from that, consultation sessions with experts in Shari’ah, Muamalat or Islamic Economics, Law and Accounting/ Islamic Accounting have also been held. This study inds that not all transactions or items of the nine MPSAS exist in all SIRCs. However, all SIRCs prepare Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements. They also prepare Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities. Nevertheless, none of the SIRCs prepares Disclosure of Financial Information pertaining to General Government Sector and Joint Arrangements. After this, the study outlines the requirements of the proposed PPIIBZW that may be used as guidelines for the presentation and disclosure of SIRCs’ inancial statements. In conclusion, this study proposes certain recommendations aimed at improving the inancial statements of SIRCs. It is expected that the indings of the study could be able to assist relevant parties such as a SIRC and Accountant General’s Department of Malaysia in developing an accounting conceptual framework, as well as the accounting standards that suit SIRC. Keywords: Financial Statements, Accounting Standards, State Islamic Religious Council, Case Study, Malaysia
Strategi Produk, Harga, Promosi, Dan Keamanan Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Masyarakat Dalam Memilih Blibli.Com Sebagai Pasar Online Di Jakarta
Authors: Prajayanti Lutfi
Published: January 2023

Tujuan artikel: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh strategi produk, harga, promosi, dan keamanan dalam pengambilan keputusan masyarakat dalam memilih Blibli.com sebagai pasar online atau e-commerce di Jakarta.Metodologi: Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sampel dengan unit analisis yang diteliti adalah masyarakat Jakarta yang berbelanja di Blibli.com.Hasil: Variabel strategi produk berpengaruh positif terhadap pengambilan keputusan masyarakat dalam memilih Blibli.com sebagai pasar online/e-commerce.Kata Kunci: Harga, keamanan, pasar online, pengambilan keputusan, promosi,strategi produk
Analisis Budaya Organisasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Authors: Wibowo Fattah Ario
Published: January 2023

Tujuan artikel: Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hubungan antara budaya organisasi terhadap OCB dan Lingkungan kerja terhadap OCB.Metodologi: Metode penelitian yaitu metode kuantitatif dan dianalisis secara deskriptif serta analisis regresi untuk menguji hubungan antar variabelHasil: Budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap OCB. Perusahaan yang berkembang tentu sangat membutuhkan karyawan dengan perilaku OCB, sehingga akan lebih menguntungkan perusahaan
The Role Of Influencers And Lifestyles In Influence Purchase Intention Of Shoppe And Tik –Tok Shop Users
Authors: Indah Sari Deviana
Published: January 2023

Purpose of this article: . In this study, it aims to see how much influence influencers and lifestyle have in influencing the purchase intention of marketplace usersMethodology The use of data in this study uses the IBM SPSS 25 for windows application with several stages of statistical testing through a distribution of 100 respondentsResult : The results of this study influencer and lifestyle simultaneously have a positive effect on the purchase intention of marketplace users, influencers partially have a positive effect on the purchase intention of marketplace users and lifestyle partially have a positive effect on the purchase intention of marketplace users.Keywords: Influencer, Lifestyle And Purchase Intention
Pengaruh Pengalaman Merek dan Kesesuaian Diri pada Loyalitas Merek dengan Keterikatan Merek sebagai Pemediasi
Authors: Indraswari Nurul Myristica
Published: January 2023

Tujuan–Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dampak pengalaman merek dan kesesuaian diri pada loyalitas merek dengan keterikatan merek sebagai pemediasi. Metode–Desain penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode survei untuk menguji hipotesis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi hierarikal. Pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan program peranti lunak SPSS versi 26. Temuan–Penelitian ini membuktikan keterikatan merek memediasi parsial hubungan antara pengalaman merek dan loyalitas merek dan kesesuaian diri memiliki pengaruh positif pada loyalitas merek melalui pengaruh tidak langsung dari keterikatan merek. Penelitian lanjutan diharapkan dapat dilakukan dengan menambah variabel moderasi dari dimensi karakteristik individu , seperti need for uniqueness. Selain itu, jasa dapat dikaji sebagai objek penelitian untuk memperkaya penerapan hasil penelitian.Kata Kunci: Pengalaman Merek; Kesesuaian Diri; Keterikatan Merek; Loyalitas Merek
Differing Levels of Gratitude Between Romantic Partners: Concurrent and Longitudinal Links With Satisfaction and Commitment in Six Dyadic Datasets
Authors: Park Yoobin , Gordon Amie , Humberg Sarah , Muise Amy , Impett Emily A.
Published: January 2023

Gratitude promotes high quality relationships, but what happens when partners differ in their levels of gratitude? We examined the dyadic nature of gratitude in relationships using six longitudinal datasets (562 couples). Approaching the dyadic effect from the perspective of a “weak-link” hypothesis, we tested if the link between one partner's gratitude and relationship quality is reduced if the other partner is low in gratitude. Our results overall did not support this hypothesis as they indicated that grateful individuals were more satisfied and committed at baseline, and more grateful and committed over time, regardless of their partner's level of gratitude. As an alternative way to conceptualize the dyadic effect of gratitude, we explored a potential similarity effect using Dyadic Response Surface Analysis. Our results revealed no unique effect of having two partners reciprocating the same levels of gratitude above and beyond the effect of each partner's gratitude.
New filtration parameters from X-ray computed tomography for tight rock images
Authors: Krakowska-Madejska Paulina
Published: January 2023

New parameters are proposed to evaluate the filtration properties of rocks obtained on the basis of 3D interpretation of images from X-ray computed tomography. The analyzed parameters are: global average pore connectivity, average blind pore connectivity, blind pore coefficient per object and blind pore coefficient per branch. The 3D pore space from computed X-ray tomography must be subjected to a process of pore space transformation into a skeleton. Then, the presented parameters can be evaluated, taking into consideration the pore channels (branches), pore channel connection points (junctions) and blind pores (pore without connection to the other pore). The calculations were made for low porosity sandstones, mudstones, limestones, and dolomites which differ in terms of age and depth of present deposition. The global average pore connectivity reflects the degree of development of the pore space in which the formation fluid can flow. The higher the global average pore connectivity, the most complex the pore structure can be expected. The higher the parameter of the average blind pore connectivity, the worse are the filtration properties of the rock. The higher the concentration of blind pore coefficient per object or branch, the worse the filtration properties of the rock. Moreover, new parameters were compared with the Euler characteristic and coordination number, revealing a high consistency.
Integración de datos de biodiversidad para la educación y el turismo: mamíferos marinos nativos en la región subantártica de Aysén, Chile
Authors: Sánchez-Jardón Laura , Ramos Beatriz , Gómez Peral Emma , Bunster Claudia , Acosta-Gallo Belén
Published: January 2023

La ecorregión subantártica de Chile, que incluye a las regiones administrativas de Aysén y Magallanes, se caracteriza por su alto grado de endemicidad y la singularidad de sus especies dada su proximidad a la Antártida. En particular, la zona de canales y fiordos subantárticos con más de 100 000 km de costa y una geomorfología compleja, es una de las zonas estuarinas más grandes del mundo y alberga una diversidad elevada de mamíferos marinos, superior en todo caso a los valores registrados en zonas más templadas del sur de Sudamérica. Sin embargo, los registros de datos de biodiversidad en esta zona austral son aún escasos y, cuando existen, se publican exclusivamente en revistas especializadas inaccesibles para las comunidades locales. Esta falta de información dificulta el diseño de estrategias de conservación a escala regional y el desarrollo socioeconómico local, como puede ser el desarrollo de un turismo especializado en avistamientos de cetáceos o experiencias similares a otras regiones del cono sur. En este contexto y con el fin de visibilizar e integrar los registros existentes de mamíferos marinos en repositorios de información, se plantea una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura publicada sobre este grupo de organismos en la región de Aysén. Se recopilaron un total de 484 registros correspondientes a avistamientos de mamíferos marinos presentes en la región de Aysén entre 1852 y 2016, a partir de bibliografía publicada en revistas especializadas, libros y documentos técnicos. Taxonómicamente, se recopilaron un total de 28 especies, 6 pertenecientes al Orden Carnivora (Familias Mustelidae, Otariidae y Phocidae) y 22 al Orden Cetacea (Familias Balaenidae, Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Hyperoodontidae, Phocoenidae y Physeteridae). Esta recopilación de datos se inició con el Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad para Aysén (SIB-Aysén) y se continuó con el Laboratorio Abierto de Ciencias Subantárticas. Eventualmente será complementada con las observaciones de ciudadanos asociadas al SIB-Aysén. Se discute la relevancia de integrar los conjuntos de datos de biodiversidad en repositorios abiertos como herramienta imprescindible para diseñar políticas de conservación y promover en la medida de lo posible iniciativas de desarrollo económico basado en el conocimiento de su patrimonio natural.
Vocabulary learning outside of the classroom: Institutional use of a spaced repetition
Authors: Mueller Kevin , Hays George
Published: January 2023

The Global Teaching Institute (GTI) at Tokyo International University (TIU) was founded in 2013 with 10 faculty members and now in 2022 has 55 faculty members. In order to provide students with similar learning opportunities while improving and supplementing their general English vocabulary, the writers of the present paper, decided in phases, from small beta-runs in 2013 and 2014 to implement vocabulary learning app assignments institutionally for all English-major first- and second-year students. The spaced repetition learning app that has been utilized is WordEngine. This paper will provide an overview of the rationale and implementation as well as an introduction to WordEngine.
Development and Validation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Prediction Models Based on an Endoscopic Screening Program
Authors: Han Junming , Guo Xiaolei , Zhao Li , Zhang Huan , Ma Siqi , Li Yan , Zhao Deli , Wang Jialin , Xue Fuzhong
Published: January 2023

Importance

Assessment tools are lacking for screening of esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) in China, especially for the follow-up stage. Risk prediction to optimize the screening procedure is urgently needed.

Objective

To develop and validate ESCC prediction models for identifying people at high risk for follow-up decision-making.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This open, prospective multicenter diagnostic study has been performed since September 1, 2006, in Shandong Province, China. This study used baseline and follow-up data until December 31, 2021. The data were analyzed between April 6 and May 31, 2022. Eligibility criteria consisted of rural residents aged 40 to 69 years who had no contraindications for endoscopy. Among 161 212 eligible participants, those diagnosed with cancer or who had cancer at baseline, did not complete the questionnaire, were younger than 40 years or older than 69 years, or were detected with severe dysplasia or worse lesions were eliminated from the analysis.

Exposures

Risk factors obtained by questionnaire and endoscopy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Pathological diagnosis of ESCC and confirmation by cancer registry data.

Results

In this diagnostic study of 104 129 participants (56.39% women; mean [SD] age, 54.31 [7.64] years), 59 481 (mean [SD] age, 53.83 [7.64] years; 58.55% women) formed the derivation set while 44 648 (mean [SD] age, 54.95 [7.60] years; 53.51% women) formed the validation set. A total of 252 new cases of ESCC were diagnosed during 424 903.50 person-years of follow-up in the derivation cohort and 61 new cases from 177 094.10 person-years follow-up in the validation cohort. Model A included the covariates age, sex, and number of lesions; model B included age, sex, smoking status, alcohol use status, body mass index, annual household income, history of gastrointestinal tract diseases, consumption of pickled food, number of lesions, distinct lesions, and mild or moderate dysplasia. The Harrell C statistic of model A was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.83) in the derivation set and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.93) in the validation set; the Harrell C statistic of model B was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95), respectively. The models also had good calibration performance and clinical usefulness.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this diagnostic study suggest that the models developed are suitable for selecting high-risk populations for follow-up decision-making and optimizing the cancer screening process.
Access to Pediatric Ophthalmological Care by Geographic Distribution and US Population Demographic Characteristics in 2022
Authors: Walsh Hannah L. , Parrish Abraham , Hucko Lauren , Sridhar Jayanth , Cavuoto Kara M.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The geographic distribution of pediatric ophthalmological care has not been reported on since 2007; understanding this distribution could shed light on potential avenues to increase access, which is a necessary first step in addressing the pediatric ophthalmological needs of underserved areas.

Objective

To analyze the number and location (ie, geographic distribution) of pediatric ophthalmologists in relation to US population demographic characteristics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, public databases from the American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus were used to identify pediatric ophthalmologists in the US as of March 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Geographic distribution of pediatric ophthalmologists listed in public databases and any association between pediatric ophthalmologist distribution and US population demographic characteristics. Addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS Pro (Esri).

Results

A total of 1056 pediatric ophthalmologists (611 men [57.9%]) were identified. States with the most pediatric ophthalmologists were California (n = 116 [11.0%]), New York (n = 97 [9.2%]), Florida (n = 69 [6.5%]), and Texas (n = 62 [5.9%]), the 4 most populous states. A total of 2828 of 3142 counties (90.0%) and 4 of 50 states (8.0%) had 0 pediatric ophthalmologists. In 314 counties (10.0%) with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists, the mean (range) pediatric ophthalmologists per million persons was 7.7 (0.4-185.5). The range of practitioner to million persons has increased since 2007. Counties with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists had a higher median (SD) household income compared with counties with 0 pediatric ophthalmologists ($70 230.59 [$18 945.05] vs $53 263.62 [$12 786.07]; difference, −$16 966.97; 95% CI, −$18 544.57 to −$14 389.37; P < .001). Additionally, the proportion of families in each county without internet service (8.0% vs 4.7%; difference, 3.4%; 95% CI, 3.0%-3.7%; P < .001), the proportion of persons younger than 19 years without health insurance (5.7% vs 4.1%; difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, 1.1%-2.2%; P < .001), and the proportion of households without vehicle access (2.1% vs 1.8%; difference, 0.3%; 95% CI, 0.6%-5.2%; P = .001) were greater in counties with 0 compared with counties with 1 or more pediatric ophthalmologists.

Conclusion and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that disparities in access to pediatric ophthalmological care have increased over the past 15 years and are associated with lower socioeconomic status. As patients may rely on online sources to identify the nearest pediatric ophthalmologist, accurate publicly available databases are important.
What Is Snoring?
Authors: Huyett Phillip
Published: January 2023

This Patient Page describes the causes, symptoms, and treatments for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.
Molecular principles of bidirectional signalling between membranes and small GTPases
Authors: Nawrotek Agata , Dubois Pavlina , Zeghouf Mahel , Cherfils Jacqueline
Published: January 2023

Most small GTPases actuate their functions on subcellular membranes, which are increasingly seen as integral components of small GTPase signalling. In this review, we used the highly studied regulation of Arf GTPases by their GEFs to categorize the molecular principles of membrane contributions to small GTPase signalling, which have been highlighted by integrated structural biology combining in vitro reconstitutions in artificial membranes and high‐resolution structures. As an illustration of how this framework can be harnessed to better understand the cooperation between small GTPases, their regulators and membranes, we applied it to the activation of the small GTPase Rac1 by DOCK‐ELMO, identifying novel contributions of membranes to Rac1 activation. We propose that these structure‐based principles should be considered when interrogating the mechanisms whereby small GTPase systems ensure spatial and temporal control of cellular signalling on membranes.
The pro‐sequence of parathyroid hormone prevents premature amyloid fibril formation
Authors: Sachan Shubhra , Moya Celia González , Voigt Bruno , Köhn Marcel , Balbach Jochen
Published: January 2023

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the calcium and phosphate level in blood after secretion from parathyroid chief cells. The pre‐ and pro‐sequences of precursor preproPTH get cleaved during PTH maturation. In secretory granules, PTH forms functional amyloids. Using thioflavin T fibrillation assays, circular dichroism, NMR spectroscopy, and cellular cAMP activation, we show that the pro‐sequence prevents premature fibrillation by impairing primary nucleation because of Coulomb repulsion of positively charged residues. Under seeding or high salt conditions or in the presence of heparin at pH 5.5, proPTH fibril formation is delayed, but the monomer release properties are conserved. ProPTH can still activate in cellulo PTH receptor 1 but with impaired potency. These findings give some perspectives on medical applications of PTH in hormone therapy.
Expediting Stepwise Sulfur Conversion via Spontaneous Built‐In Electric Field and Binary Sulfiphilic Effect of Conductive NbB2‐MXene Heterostructure in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lu Dongzhen , Wang Xinying , Hu Yanjie , Yue Liguo , Shao Zhuhang , Zhou Weiliang , Chen Li , Wang Wei , Li Yunyong
Published: January 2023

Fabricating metal boride heterostructures and deciphering their interface interaction mechanism on accelerating polysulfide conversion at atomic levels are meaningful yet challenging in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, novel highly‐conductive and binary sulfiphilic NbB2‐MXene heterostructures are elaborately designed with spontaneous built‐in electric field (BIEF) via a simple one‐step borothermal reduction strategy. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that Nb and B atoms can chemically bond with polysulfides, thereby enriching chemical anchor and catalytic active sites. Meanwhile, the spontaneous BIEF induces interfacial charge redistribution to make more electrons transferred to surface NbB2 sites, thereby weakening its strong adsorption property yet accelerating polysulfide transfer and electron diffusion on hetero‐interface, so providing moderate polysulfide adsorb‐ability yet decreasing sulfur‐species conversion energy barriers, further boosting the intrinsically catalytic activity of NbB2‐MXene for accelerated bidirectional sulfur conversion. Thus, S/NbB2‐MXene cathode presents high initial capacity of 1310.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, stable long‐term lifespan with 500 cycles (0.076% capacity decay per cycle) at 1 C, and large areal capacity of 6.5 mAh cm−2 (sulfur loading: 7.0 mg cm−2 in lean electrolyte of 5 µL mgs−1) at 0.1 C. This work clearly unveils the mechanism of interfacial BIEF and binary sulfiphilic effect on accelerating stepwise sulfur conversion at atomic levels.
Facet Dopant Regulation of Cu2O Boosts Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ma Xintao , Zhang Yinggan , Fan Tingting , Wei Diye , Huang Zongyi , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Zheng , Dong Yunyun , Hong Qiming , Chen Zhou , Yi Xiaodong
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) using clean electric energy provides a sustainable route to generate highly‐valuable chemicals and fuels, which is beneficial for realizing the carbon‐neutral cycle. Up to now, achieving a narrow product distribution and highly targeted product selectivity over Cu‐based electrocatalysts is still a big challenge. Herein, sulfur modification on different crystal planes of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is demonstrated, results in an improvement for formate generation to different degrees. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that sulfur species modified on the surface of Cu2O (100) facet effectively lower the formation energy of key intermediate *OCOH for formate generation compared with Cu2O (111) facet. As a consequence, the modification of p‐Block elements over Cu‐based electrocatalysts is an effective strategy to optimize the adsorption energy of key intermediate during CO2RR, leading to a highly selective product.
Shelter Forest Inspired Superhydrophobic Flame‐Retardant Composite with Root‐Soil Interlocked Micro/Nanostructure Enhanced Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Durability
Authors: Zhang Congyuan , Xie Heng , Du Yu , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Weilong , Wu Ting , Qu Jinping
Published: January 2023

The heat accumulation caused by the high power consumption of continuously upgrading electronic devices puts forward more requirements for the adaptability and durability of the flame retardant materials. Herein, inspired by the soil reinforcement effect of the shelter forest roots nearby the river and shoal, a superhydrophobic flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA)/aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) composite with root‐soil interlocked micro/nanostructure (MEA/PGCC) is prepared by combining the micro‐extrusion compression molding and spray coating. The homogeneously dispersed ATH and the EVA with sufficient mechanical strength provide durability for the long‐term work of the MEA/PGCC composite. The root‐soil interlocked micro/nanostructure provides robust superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156 ± 1.0° and a rolling angle of 4 ± 1.0° for the MEA/PGCC composite which is beneficial to improve acid and alkali tolerance, thermic resistance, and de‐icing performance. The synergism of interface and surface function prominently improves the flame retardancy of the MEA/PGCC composite, which presents a limit oxygen index of 42%, and remarkable reduction in peak heat release rate of 64%, total heat release of 23%, and peak smoke production rate of 47%. The proposed method is a promising candidate for the mass production and practical application of the superhydrophobic flame retardant composite.
Intercalation Engineering of 2D Materials at Macroscale for Smart Human–Machine Interface and Double‐Layer to Faradaic Charge Storage for Ions Separation
Authors: Patil Rahul , Dutta Saikat
Published: January 2023

2D materials have attracted considerable attention in the past decade for their superlative physical properties. Lightweight foam from 2D materials can reduce the use of raw materials, save energy in processing the material and downregulate the carbon emission. Self‐assembling of graphene nanosheets results in 3D porous lightweight foam resembling hydrogels, aerogels, and xerogels. Hierarchical graphene architecture provides an uninterrupted path to electrons and phonon transport conforms to eligibility for developing sensor, energy storage, and energy conversion devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) originates from human–machine interaction and physiological signal reception which requires a large sensing range that illustrates to healthcare surveillance with wearable devices. Spongy architectures with flexibility and reversible compressibility act as a good candidate for pressure sensing for a wide range of real‐time human health monitoring systems by using artificial intelligence. In this review, the new perspective of emerging 2D materials (such as MXene, and borophene) along with the investigation of the graphene foam structure is demonstrated. Electrosorption of salt‐ions under foam electrode are reviewed in the context of electrochemical stability recycling ability, and efficiency of adsorption‐desorption. Beyond these, remaining challenges are depicted for emerging 2D‐materials of interest for health monitoring sensors and flexible supercapacitors for promising research directions.
Engineering Multimaterial Nanostructured Deposits by the Amphiphilicity Degree and Intermolecular Forces
Authors: Shariatnia Shadi , Zakertabrizi Mohammad , Hosseini Ehsan , Song Kenan , Jarrahbashi Dorrin , Asadi Amir
Published: January 2023

Achieving desired performance from self‐assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is challenging due to the stochastic nature of interactions among the constituent building blocks. Self‐assembly of nano‐colloids through evaporation of particle‐laden droplets can be exploited to fabricate tailored nanostructures that add functionality and engineer the properties of manufactured components. The particle–particle and particle–solvent interactions, and delicate force balance among them are the main factors that define the pattern of the final 3D nanostructure. Here, a nanoparticle‐agnostic approach that allows the fabrication of nanostructures with precisely engineered patterns is introduced. Evaporative droplets of aqueous suspensions of pristine Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene Nanoplatelets, and Boron Nitride Nanotubes representing NPs of different elemental compositions, sizes, and shapes are investigated. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are used as a platform to make hybrid systems of CNC‐NP and utilize the repulsive‐attractive‐directional interactions in these multimaterial systems to enforce the desired final pattern between ring and disk. It is shown that irrespective of the type of NPs, the amphiphilicity of the hybrid system dictates the formation of deposited patterns. Finally, the effect of self‐assembled patterns on the functionality of multi‐material systems is demonstrated. The proposed method creates new capabilities in the precisely controlled nanostructures and facilitates smart self‐assembly systems.
Generation of the Planar Solitons Using Thermal Trapping of a Disclination in Nematic Liquid Crystals and Their Applications
Authors: Sim Yonggi , Choi Hyunhee
Published: January 2023

The mesophase properties of nematic liquid crystals render them ideal for controlling and studying topological defects. The planar soliton, a π‐wall in the form of a string with a constant thickness shown in a nematic, is a topological defect lacking singularity. Herein, a thermal laser tweezer is introduced to trap the disclination at the isotropic–nematic interface induced by the thermal effect and to move the trapped disclination under the low anchoring condition, which enables to generate solitons as if they were drawn and to control them actively. The soliton, which is created or annihilated in accordance with topological charge conservation, exhibits cosmic string intercommutation. Thus, the dynamics of cosmic strings can be implemented by using solitons in a nematic. To demonstrate potential applications of the solitons, microsized cargo delivery and polarization diffraction gratings are presented, which could be used in lab‐on‐a‐chip and implemented in various photonic applications, respectively, and prove the applicability of a topological defect through complete control.
Engineered Microparticles for Treatment of Murine Brain Metastasis by Reprograming Tumor Microenvironment and Inhibiting MAPK Pathway
Authors: Lu Lisen , Zi Huaduan , Zhou Jie , Huang Jing , Deng Zihan , Tang Zijian , Li Li , Shi Xiujuan , Lo Pui‐Chi , Lovell Jonathan F. , Deng Deqiang , Wan Chao , Jin Honglin
Published: January 2023

Brain metastases (BRM) are common in advanced lung cancer. However, their treatment is challenging due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME). Microparticles (MPs), a type of extracellular vesicle, can serve as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles that can be further modulated with genetic engineering techniques. MPs prepared from cells induced with different insults are compared and it is found that radiation‐treated cell‐released microparticles (RMPs) achieve optimal targeting and macrophage activation. The enzyme ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7), which simultaneously regulates tumor growth and reprograms M2 macrophages (M2Φ), is found to be expressed in BRM. Engineered RMPs are then constructed that comprise: 1) the RMP carrier that targets and reprograms M2Φ; 2) a genetically expressed SR‐B1‐targeting peptide for improved BBB permeability; and 3) a USP7 inhibitor to kill tumor cells and reprogram M2Φ. These RMPs successfully cross the BBB and target M2Φ in vitro and in vivo in mice, effectively reprogramming M2Φ and improving survival in a murine BRM model. Therapeutic effects are further augmented when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for the use of genetically engineered MPs for the treatment of BRM.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Sleep Deprivation‐Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Restores Colonization Resistance against Intestinal Infections
Authors: Fang Dan , Xu Tianqi , Sun Jingyi , Shi Jingru , Li Fulei , Yin Yanqing , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2023

Gut microbiota‐mediated colonization resistance (CR) is crucial in protecting the host from intestinal infections. Sleep deprivation (SD) is an important contributor in the disturbances of intestinal homeostasis. However, whether and how SD affects host CR remains largely unknown. Here, it is shown that SD impairs intestinal CR in mice, whereas nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation restores it. Microbial diversity and metabolomic analyses suggest that gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in SD‐treated mice are highly shaped, whereas NMN reprograms these differences. Specifically, the altered gut microbiota in SD mice further incurs the disorder of secondary bile acids pool accompanied by a decrease in deoxycholic acid (DCA). Conversely, NMN supplementation retakes the potential benefits of DCA, which is associated with specific gut microbiota involved in primary bile acids metabolic flux. In animal models of infection, DCA is effective in preventing and treating bacterial infections when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. Mechanistically, DCA alone disrupts membrane permeability and aggravates oxidative damage, thereby reducing intestinal pathogen burden. Meanwhile, exogenous DCA promotes antibiotic accumulation and destroys oxidant–antioxidant system, thus potentiating antibiotic efficacy. Overall, this work highlights the important roles of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in the maintenance of intestinal CR.
Rechargeable Oxide Ion Batteries Based on Mixed Conducting Oxide Electrodes
Authors: Schmid Alexander , Krammer Martin , Fleig Jürgen
Published: January 2023

Mixed conducting oxides are frequently studied as electrode materials for solid oxide fuel or electrolysis cells. However, in principle their ability to change stoichiometry depending on the oxygen chemical potential also enables charge storage typical for battery electrodes: Formally neutral oxygen can be incorporated by annihilating oxygen vacancies and creating electron holes, similar to the incorporation of lithium in lithium ion battery electrodes. Electrodes with different reducibility should thus allow operation of an oxide ion battery. This is exemplified for perovskite‐type La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ (LSF), La0.5Sr0.5Cr0.2Mn0.8O3−δ (LSCrMn), and La0.9Sr0.1CrO3−δ (LSCr) electrodes with blocked oxygen surface exchange. Cells with thin film electrodes are prepared by pulsed laser deposition on yttria stabilized zirconia electrolytes. Charge/discharge cycles and impedance measurements are performed on half cells between 350 and 500 °C and related to the materials defect chemistry. Electrode capacities of up to 350 mA h cm−3 and <0.25 % capacity loss over 19 cycles are measured at potentials between 0.2 and −1.1 V versus O2 at 1 bar. Full cells with LSF cathodes and LSCrMn anodes are successfully operated at 350 to 400 °C with electrode related energy densities up to 70 mW h cm−3, coulomb efficiencies >99 % and good cycling performance. This novel type of rechargeable battery may open further application fields such as elevated temperatures (>200 °C), where common cation‐based cells are not applicable so far.
Highly Electronegative V2CTx/Silicone Nanocomposite‐Based Serpentine Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wearable Self‐Powered Sensors and Sign Language Interpretation
Authors: Salauddin Md. , Rana S. M. Sohel , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Song Hye Su , Reza Md. Selim , Jeong Seong Hoon , Park Jae Yeong
Published: January 2023

The functionality and use of wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are significantly impacted by the development of their tribomaterial properties. Herein, a novel charge‐generating layer (CGL) composed of a V2CTx/Silicone nanocomposite and serpentine TENG (S‐TENG) is introduced. The V2CTx/Silicone nanocomposite exhibits a highly electronegative surface, which significantly enhances the surface potential and charge density. The fabricated nanocomposite‐based TENG exhibits a peak power density of 19.75 W m−2. It also exhibits a high mechanical stretchability (400%), which is significantly better than those of previously reported TENGs under small external pressure. The optimized S‐TENG is demonstrated as a self‐powered human motion sensor with high sensitivity (4.93 V kPa−1) and a quick rise time (21 ms). Furthermore, a real‐life demonstration of sign language interpretation using finger motion detection and text conversion via smartphones is successfully performed. Additionally, the real‐time sensing ability of the S‐TENG is demonstrated in virtual reality car games controlled by finger touch. The S‐TENG is demonstrated to capture different types of human motion energy for continuously powering a stopwatch and wristwatch. Therefore, it is expected that the V2CTx/Silicone nanocomposite will continue with the contributions of novel CGL materials for various TENG applications including wearable self‐powered sensors, robotics, and healthcare monitoring in IoT platforms.
Intelligent Monitoring for Safety‐Enhanced Lithium‐Ion/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaoniu , Guo Shuai , Wu Chuanwei , Li Junyu , Liu Chuntai , Chen Weihua
Published: January 2023

Lithium‐ion/sodium‐ion batteries are the most advanced energy storage devices, but the structural evolution of electrode materials, electrolyte decomposition, the growth of Li/Na dendrites and the generation of heat and gas inside batteries represent serious safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary to real time monitor the parameter changes inside these devices. Herein, the recent important progress in a variety of advanced intelligent detection techniques based on the detection of heat, gas, and strain is introduced and discussed. The perfect combination of electrochemical parameters and these advanced intelligent sensing techniques allows the monitoring of the dynamic chemical and thermal evolution during a cell's operation without any impact, which is crucial to making meaningful advancements in energy storage devices. This work provide access to advanced diagnostic tools to guide the rational design of high‐safety batteries.
Three Component syn‐1,2‐Arylmethylation of Internal Alkynes**
Authors: Dutta Shubham , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: January 2023

A Pd‐catalyzed three‐component syn‐1,2‐arylmethylation of internal alkynes (ynamides/yne‐acetates/alkynes) is described. The readily available and bench stable coupling partners iodo‐arenes, and methyl boronic acid are successfully used in this coupling strategy to access the methyl‐containing tetra‐substituted olefins; the scope is broad showing excellent functional‐group tolerance. Notably, the transformation is regio‐ as well as stereoselective. The biologically relevant motifs (BRM) bearing iodo‐arenes and ynamides are also used for the late‐stage syn‐1,2‐arylmethylation of alkynes. Aryl‐alkylation, aryl‐trideuteriomethylation, alkynyl‐methylation, and alkenyl‐methylation of ynamides are also presented. The Me‐substituted alkenes are further transformed into synthetically important β‐amino‐indenones and α‐fluoro‐α′‐methyl ketones.
Evolving Robust and Interpretable Enzymes for the Bioethanol Industry
Authors: Qiao Jie , Sheng Yijie , Wang Minghui , Li Anni , Li Xiujuan , Huang He
Published: January 2023

Obtaining a robust and applicable enzyme for bioethanol production is a dream for biorefinery engineers. Herein, we describe a general method to evolve an all‐round and interpretable enzyme that can be directly employed in the bioethanol industry. By integrating the transferable protein evolution strategy InSiReP 2.0 (In Silico guided Recombination Process), enzymatic characterization for actual production, and computational molecular understanding, the model cellulase PvCel5A (endoglucanase II Cel5A from Penicillium verruculosum) was successfully evolved to overcome the remaining challenges of low ethanol and temperature tolerance, which primarily limited biomass transformation and bioethanol yield. Remarkably, application of the PvCel5A variants in both first‐ and second‐generation bioethanol production processes (i. Conventional corn ethanol fermentation combined with the in situ pretreatment process; ii. cellulosic ethanol fermentation process) resulted in a 5.7–10.1 % increase in the ethanol yield, which was unlikely to be achieved by other optimization techniques.