bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Flight Casinos, Is It Really a Nonsensical Idea? An Exploratory Approach Using Different Choice Experiments
Authors: Hwang Jinsoo , Lyu Seong Ok , Cho Sun-Bai
Published: May 2019

Most airlines make various efforts to enhance their customers’ levels of in-flight satisfaction while offering alternative services and entertainment. As an innovative service item, some international airlines plan in-flight casino facilities to relieve their customers’ boredom and fatigue emanating from tedious long flights. Using a study sample of casino visitors in Korea, we intend to better understand how potential airline passengers show their willingness to pay for the hypothetical in-flight casino services. We also employ multiple choice experimental techniques to examine preference heterogeneity embedded in the sampled population. Based on study results, several management strategies are discussed for offering tailored in-flight entertainment services to targeted market segments.
Impediments to Sustaining South Korea’s Economic Development: Pathologies of Cooperation in Intra-Team Dynamics of Technology Commercialization
Authors: Hameed Tahir , von Staden Peter , Kwon Ki-Seok
Published: May 2019

Technology innovation and commercialization have been the cornerstone of South Korea’s remarkable economic development. In this paper, we argue that South Korea’s technology-based economic development is unsustainable without fundamental changes in its technology policy-making and implementation approaches. Developed countries’ systems of innovation (SI) operating at the technology frontier have increasingly embraced bottom-up technology policy, making them more reliant on cooperation among teams at the project level. Drawing on Social Interdependence Theory, this research finds that the intra-team dynamics of South Korea’s technology transfer and commercialization (TTC) process negatively impacts on not only current TTC projects, but also the transition of South Korean SI toward an integrative policy approach that fosters innovation and commercialization. It is clear that the top-down policy-making model supportive of linear models of innovation that South Korea has relied on for so long needs to be replaced. However, the current intra-team dynamics of TTC teams may continue to hinder this transition. While Korean TTC teams perceive themselves to be cooperative and effective in general, there is a pronounced lack of cathexis which undermines their cooperation. This may be an impediment to the success of technology commercialization teams and their projects. Further research is warranted to confirm this finding and explore the extent to which this problem hinders the sustained technology-led development of South Korea.
Understanding the Antecedents of Organic Food Purchases: The Important Roles of Beliefs, Subjective Norms, and Identity Expressiveness
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Mingliang , Gong Shunlong
Published: May 2019

China is expected to become an increasingly important market for global organic food producers. This study aims to obtain a new and deeper understanding of how various antecedents affect organic food purchase behavior. Here, a survey based on validated measures is designed, and a total of 1750 consumers are interviewed. In addition to traditionally held beliefs concerning organic food, three unique perspectives, i.e., that organic foods are “luxuries for the rich”, “upscale”, and the objects of “marketing hype”, are confirmed for the first time. Furthermore, the influence of subjective norms on purchase intention is verified to be completely mediated by purchase attitude, suggesting that up to now, the role of social norms may have been simplified, and even underestimated by marketing researchers. Additionally, for the first time, identity expressiveness is confirmed to play a minor but significant role in purchase intention. Perceived trustworthiness is also confirmed to be the important predictor of purchase intention. Finally, household income is not only the second most important predicator of purchase intention, but it is also the most important predictor of actual purchase. These findings will be valuable for marketing scholars and all stakeholders in the organic food industry, particularly international agribusinesses that are wishing to enter the Chinese market.
Improved Drought Resilience Through Continuous Water Service Monitoring and Specialized Institutions—A Longitudinal Analysis of Water Service Delivery Across Motorized Boreholes in Northern Kenya
Authors: Turman-Bryant Nick , Nagel Corey , Stover Lauren , Muragijimana Christian , Thomas Evan
Published: May 2019

Increasing frequency and severity of drought is driving increased use of groundwater resources in arid regions of Northern Kenya, where approximately 2.5 million people depend on groundwater for personal use, livestock, and limited irrigation. As part of a broader effort to provide more sustainable water, sanitation, and hygiene services in the region, we have collected data related to site functionality and use for approximately 120 motorized boreholes across five counties. Using a multilevel model to account for geospatial and temporal clustering, we found that borehole sites, which counties had identified as strategic assets during drought, ran on average about 1.31 h less per day compared to non-strategic borehole sites. As this finding was contrary to our hypothesis that strategic boreholes would exhibit greater use on average compared to non-strategic boreholes, we consider possible explanations for this discrepancy. We also use a coupled human and natural systems framework to explore how policies and program activities in a complex system depend on consistent and reliable feedback mechanisms. Funding was provided by the United States Agency for International Development. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
Group Decision-Making Based on m-Polar Fuzzy Linguistic TOPSIS Method
Authors: Adeel Arooj , Akram Muhammad , Koam Ali N. A.
Published: May 2019

The fuzzy linguistic approach provides favorable outputs in several areas, whose description is relatively qualitative. The encouragement for the utilization of sentences or words instead of numbers is that linguistic characterizations or classifications are usually less absolute than algebraic or arithmetical ones. In this research article, we animate the m-polar fuzzy (mF) linguistic approach and elaborate it with real life examples and tabular representation to develop the affluence of linguistic variables based on mF approach. As an extension of the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, we develop an m-polar fuzzy linguistic TOPSIS approach for multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM). It is used to evaluate the best alternative, to get more authentic and comparable results and to handle the real life problems of having multi-polar information in terms of linguistic variables and values. In this approach decision-makers contribute their estimations in the form of linguistic term sets. To show the efficiency and compatibility of the proposed approach, we compare it with the m-polar fuzzy linguistic ELECTRE-I (Elimination and Choice Translating Reality) approach. Finally, we draw a flow chart of our proposed approach as an algorithm and generate a computer programming code.
Genotypes, Enterotoxin Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Associated with Foodborne Outbreaks in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Chen Qi , Xie Sangma
Published: May 2019

Staphylococcal food poisoning is an illness caused by the consumption of food that contains sufficient amounts of one or more enterotoxins. In the present study, a total of 37 S. aureus isolates were recovered from leftover food, swabs from a kitchen environment, and patient feces associated with four foodborne outbreaks that occurred in Hangzhou, southeast China, and were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility. Classical enterotoxin and enterotoxin-like genes were profiled by PCR analysis. ST6-t304 was the most common clone (40.54%), followed by ST2315-t11687 (32.43%). Six clusters (A to F) were divided based on PFGE patterns, and Clusters A and C were the most common types, constituting 86.49% of all isolates. Moreover, sea was the most frequently identified enterotoxin gene (81.08%), followed by the combination of seg–sei–selm–seln–sleo–selu and sec–sell (each 48.65%). Five isolates also harbored the exotoxin cluster sed–selj–ser. In addition, resistance to penicillin (97.30%), erythromycin (37.85), tetracycline (32.43%), clindamycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole (each 10.81%) was observed. Our research demonstrated the link between leftover foods and patients by molecular typing and detecting the profiles of enterotoxin or enterotoxin-like genes in human and food isolates. S. aureus maintains an extensive repertoire of enterotoxins and drug resistance genes that could cause potential health threats to consumers.
Recombinant Strains of Human Parechovirus in Rural Areas in the North of Brazil
Authors: Leal Élcio , Luchs Adriana , Milagres Flávio Augusto de Pádua , Komninakis Shirley Vasconcelos , Gill Danielle Elise , Lobato Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão , Brustulin Rafael , Chagas Rogério Togisaki das , Abrão Maria de Fátima Neves dos Santos , Soares Cássia Vitória de Deus Alves , Villanova Fabiola , Witkin Steven S. , Deng Xutao , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Delwart Eric , Costa Antônio Charlys da
Published: May 2019

We characterized the 24 nearly full-length genomes of human parechoviruses (PeV) from children in the north of Brazil. The initial phylogenetic analysis indicated that 17 strains belonged to genotype 1, 5 to genotype 4, and 1 to genotype 17. A more detailed analysis revealed a high frequency of recombinant strains (58%): A total of 14 of our PeV-As were chimeric, with four distinct recombination patterns identified. Five strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 5 (Rec1/5); five strains shared a complex mosaic pattern formed by genotypes 4, 5, and 17 (Rec4/17/5); two strains were composed of genotypes 1 and 17 (Rec1/17); and two strains were composed of genotype 1 and an undetermined strain (Rec1/und). Coalescent analysis based on the Vp1 gene, which is free of recombination, indicated that the recombinant strains most likely arose in this region approximately 30 years ago. They are present in high frequencies and are circulating in different small and isolated cities in the state of Tocantins. Further studies will be needed to establish whether the detected recombinant strains have been replacing parental strains or if they are co-circulating in distinct frequencies in Tocantins.
Species-Specific Conservation of Linear Antigenic Sites on Vaccinia Virus A27 Protein Homologs of Orthopoxviruses
Authors: Ahsendorf Henrike , Gan Li , Eltom Kamal , Abd El Wahed Ahmed , Hotop Sven-Kevin , Roper Rachel , Beutling Ulrike , Broenstrup Mark , Stahl-Hennig Christiane , Hoelzle Ludwig , Czerny Claus-Peter
Published: May 2019

The vaccinia virus (VACV) A27 protein and its homologs, which are found in a large number of members of the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), are targets of viral neutralization by host antibodies. We have mapped six binding sites (epitopes #1A: aa 32–39, #1B: aa 28–33, #1C: aa 26–31, #1D: 28–34, #4: aa 9–14, and #5: aa 68–71) of A27 specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using peptide arrays. MAbs recognizing epitopes #1A–D and #4 neutralized VACV Elstree in a complement dependent way (50% plaque-reduction: 12.5–200 µg/mL). Fusion of VACV at low pH was blocked through inhibition of epitope #1A. To determine the sequence variability of the six antigenic sites, 391 sequences of A27 protein homologs available were compared. Epitopes #4 and #5 were conserved among most of the OPXVs, while the sequential epitope complex #1A–D was more variable and, therefore, responsible for species-specific epitope characteristics. The accurate and reliable mapping of defined epitopes on immuno-protective proteins such as the A27 of VACV enables phylogenetic studies and insights into OPXV evolution as well as to pave the way to the development of safer vaccines and chemical or biological antivirals.
Recent Research Results on Groundwater Resources and Saltwater Intrusion in a Changing Environment
Authors: Polemio Maurizio , Walraevens Kristine
Published: May 2019

This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists of 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and very particularly on some islands of the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modeling, and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.
Estimation of Storm-Centred Areal Reduction Factors from Radar Rainfall for Design in Urban Hydrology
Authors: Thorndahl Søren , Nielsen Jesper , Rasmussen Michael
Published: May 2019

In the design practice of urban hydrological systems, e.g., storm-water drainage systems, design rainfall is typically assumed spatially homogeneous over a given catchment. For catchments larger than approximately 10 km2, this leads to significant overestimation of the design rainfall intensities, and thus potentially oversizing of urban drainage systems. By extending methods from rural hydrology to urban hydrology, this paper proposes the introduction of areal reduction factors in urban drainage design focusing on temporal and spatial scales relevant for urban hydrological applications (1 min to 1 day and 0.1 to 100 km2). Storm-centred areal reduction factors are developed based on a 15-year radar rainfall dataset from Denmark. From the individual storms, a generic relationship of the areal reduction factor as a function of rainfall duration and area is derived. This relationship can be directly implemented in design with intensity–duration–frequency curves or design storms.
Barriers and Facilitators to Chlorine Tablet Distribution and Use in Emergencies: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Mitro Brittany , Wolfe Marlene K. , Galeano Mateo , Sikder Mustafa , Gallandat Karin , Lantagne Daniele
Published: May 2019

Chlorine tablets are commonly distributed for household water treatment in emergencies. However, confirmed use after distribution ranges widely (from 7–87%), which raises concerns about chlorine tablet effectiveness, as measured by acceptance and appropriate use. To investigate chlorine tablet effectiveness, we conducted nine key informant interviews (KIIs) on tablet distribution in emergencies in general, five KIIs on chlorine taste and odor acceptance and rejection specifically, and a literature review on chlorine taste and odor concerns. We found: (1) chlorine tablets are regarded as one of the most effective water treatment methods and are often considered appropriate in emergency response, (2) dosing confusion and taste and odor rejection are perceived as the main problems limiting effectiveness, and (3) the primary solutions suggested for these problems were social and behavioral. We recommend that social and behavioral scientists are routinely integrated into chlorine tablet programming to improve user feedback and behavioral interventions for chlorine tablet promotion in emergencies. We also suggest that more research is conducted on chlorine taste and odor rejection in vulnerable populations, and that improved guidance is developed to facilitate intra-agency coordination and select, promote, and monitor tablets appropriate for each context.
Hydrological Components Variability under the Impact of Climate Change in a Semi-Arid River Basin
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Xu Yang , Hao Fanghua , Li Chong , Wang Xiao
Published: May 2019

With increased attention paid to the changes of global climate, the impacts on hydrological processes remain poorly understood in specific basins. In this study, we selected Luanhe River Basin, which is an important source of water supply to Beijing and Hebei, as a case study for the analysis of the combined impact of precipitation and temperature change to hydrological components in a semi-arid river basin. This study investigated the change of the blue water flow (BWF), green water flow (GWF), and green water storage (GWS) by employing the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and stochastic methods in different time scales during 1960 to 2017. The contribution of climate changes to hydrological change were quantified by 16 hypothetical scenarios by recombining climatic data. The results show that the annual daily maximum and minimum temperature (Tmax, Tmin) increased while their differences (DTR) decreased. However, there was no significant trend in annual precipitation and hydrological components. The trend of precipitation has a positive impact to the change of all three hydrological components. Although precipitation contributes more to changes in hydrological components, more attention also needs to be given to the change of DTR, which has positive impact of GWF that contrasts with that of BWF and GWS. Seasonal scale studies of these changes suggested that more attention should be paid to the climate change in spring and winter when the hydrological components were more sensitive to climate change. Our results summarized hydrological components variability under the impact of climate change and demonstrated the importance of analyses at different time scales, which was expected to provide a reference for water resources management in other semi-arid river basins.
Wake Effect Assessment in Long- and Short-Crested Seas of Heaving-Point Absorber and Oscillating Wave Surge WEC Arrays
Authors: Verao Fernandez Gael , Stratigaki Vasiliki , Vasarmidis Panagiotis , Balitsky Philip , Troch Peter
Published: May 2019

In the recent years, the potential impact of wave energy converter (WEC) arrays on the surrounding wave field has been studied using both phase-averaging and phase-resolving wave propagation models. Obtaining understanding of this impact is important because it may affect other users in the sea or on the coastline. However, in these models a parametrization of the WEC power absorption is often adopted. This may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the overall WEC array power absorption, and thus to an unrealistic estimation of the potential WEC array impact. WEC array power absorption is a result of energy extraction from the incoming waves, and thus wave height decrease is generally observed downwave at large distances (the so-called “wake” or “far-field” effects). Moreover, the power absorption depends on the mutual interactions between the WECs of an array (the so-called “near field” effects). To deal with the limitations posed by wave propagation models, coupled models of recent years, which are nesting wave-structure interaction solvers into wave propagation models, have been used. Wave-structure interaction solvers can generally provide detailed hydrodynamic information around the WECs and a more realistic representation of wave power absorption. Coupled models have shown a lower WEC array impact in terms of wake effects compared to wave propagation models. However, all studies to date in which coupled models are employed have been performed using idealized long-crested waves. Ocean waves propagate with a certain directional spreading that affects the redistribution of wave energy in the lee of WEC arrays, and thus gaining insight wake effect for irregular short-crested sea states is crucial. In our research, a new methodology is introduced for the assessment of WEC array wake effects for realistic sea states. A coupled model is developed between the wave-structure interaction solver NEMOH and the wave propagation model MILDwave. A parametric study is performed showing a comparison between WEC array wake effects for regular, long-crested irregular, and short-crested irregular waves. For this investigation, a nine heaving-point absorber array is used for which the wave height reduction is found to be up to 8% lower at 1.0 km downwave the WEC array when changing from long-crested to short-crested irregular waves. Also, an oscillating wave surge WEC array is simulated and the overestimation of the wake effects in this case is up to 5%. These differences in wake effects between different wave types indicates the need to consider short-crested irregular waves to avoid overestimating the WEC array potential impacts. The MILDwave-NEMOH coupled model has proven to be a reliable numerical tool, with an efficient computational effort for simulating the wake effects of two different WEC arrays under the action of a range of different sea states.
Spatial Pattern Analysis and Prediction of Gully Erosion Using Novel Hybrid Model of Entropy-Weight of Evidence
Authors: Arabameri Alireza , Cerda Artemi , Tiefenbacher John P.
Published: May 2019

Gully erosion is an environmental problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Gullies threaten the soil and water resources and cause off- and on-site problems. In this research, a new hybrid model combines the index-of-entropy (IoE) model with the weight-of-evidence (WoE) model. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are used to map gully-erosion susceptibility in the watershed of the Bastam district of Semnan Province in northern Iran. The performance of the hybrid model is assessed by comparing the results with from models that use only IoE or WoE. Three hundred and three gullies were mapped in the study area and were randomly classified into two groups for training (70% or 212 gullies) and validation (30% or 91 gullies). Eighteen topographical, hydrological, geological, and environmental conditioning factors were considered in the modeling process. Prediction-rate curves (PRCs) and success-rate curves (SRCs) were used for validation. Results from the IoE model indicate that drainage density, slope, and rainfall factors are the most important factors promoting gullying in the study area. Validation results indicate that the ensemble model performed better than either the IoE or WoE models. The hybrid model predicted that 38.02 percent of the study area has either high or very high susceptible to gullying. Given the high accuracy of the novel hybrid model, this scientific methodology may be very useful for land use management decisions and for land use planning in gully-prone regions. Our research contributes to achieve Land Degradation Neutrality as will help to design remediation programs to control non-sustainable soil erosion rates.
CT²P: UM FRAMEWORK TRANSDISCIPLINAR ORIENTADO A PROCESSOS PARA APOIO À FASE DE DESIGN DO PRODUTO EM ENGENHARIA DE SISTEMAS
Authors: Fernandez Renato
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir as potencialidades de uma metodologia transdisciplinar de modelagem de processos, denominada Framework CT²P, para apoiar os processos da fase de design de produto (desenvolvimento do produto e gestão da produção pela organização) no ciclo de vida de engenharia de sistemas. A metodologia consiste em criar um modelo conceitual de referência dos processos de ciclo de vida de engenharia de sistemas e transformá-lo em modelos especializados das áreas de Engenharia de Sistemas Baseada em Modelos, Gerenciamento de Projetos, Gestão de Processos de Negócios e Modelagem e Simulação. Os principais benefícios gerados pela abordagem são derivados de: A sistematização do desenvolvimento do modelo, englobando os processos de engenharia de sistemas e seu gerenciamento; O uso do Framework CT²P para implementação e análise de modelos, baseado no uso simultâneo de diversas disciplinas e suas respectivas metodologias e ferramentas; A avaliação conjunta dos modelos especializados criados para fornecer melhores soluções e melhorar o desenvolvimento do projeto. O Framework CT²P pode ser utilizado para a implementação de ambientes genéricos, feitos pelo conjunto de aplicações implementadas com as ferramentas especializadas utilizadas nas diversas disciplinas. Esses ambientes genéricos podem ser usados para realizar o gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de produtos por organizações que desenvolvem projetos de ciclo de vida curto, caracterizados por escopos de complexidade de baixo e médio nível, submetidos a severas restrições temporais e orçamentárias, como uma alternativa ao uso de sistemas proprietários complexos, caros e de difícil configuração, existentes no mercado.
APLICATIVO ANDROID PARA AVALIAR A QUALIDADE DA PULVERIZAÇÃO EM CONDIÇÕES DE CAMPO
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Alberto Soares , Assis Servílio , Sasaki Robson
Published: May 2019

Um dos métodos utilizados para avaliar a qualidade da pulverização em campo, é por meio de etiquetas hidrossensíveis, que após as pulverizações é digitalizada e analisada por meio de programas computacionais. Este método requer um mínimo de conhecimento e a necessidade de um computador. Para facilitar as análises de etiquetas hidrossensíveis em campo, objetivou-se desenvolver um aplicativo em plataforma Android. Utilizou-se a linguagem de programação Java para Android e a biblioteca de Visão Computacional OpenCV, onde foram implementadas no ambiente de desenvolvimento Eclipse Kepler. As imagens capturadas foram convertidas para o tipo Mat e na segmentação fez-se o uso de técnicas de processamento digital de imagens. Todas as funcionalidades utilizadas foram da biblioteca OpenCV. O sistema foi desenvolvido para determinar principalmente a densidade de gotas por unidade de área e o diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV). Com o aplicativo desenvolvido, realizou-se a validação do sistema proposto. Para isso, obteve-se cinco etiquetas hidrossensíveis e submeteu-se a análise em quatro diferentes aparelhos móveis. Ao final, observou-se que o aplicativo desenvolvido realizou de maneira satisfatória as análises das etiquetas. Para a densidade de gotas, entre um aparelho e outro, apresentaram coeficiente de variação (CV) de no máximo 11,15%. Para o DMV, o CV máximo foi de 3,53%.
A New Species of Chlorocardium (Lauraceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Van der Werff Henk , Clark John L.
Published: May 2019

Chlorocardium esmeraldense van der Werff, a new species from the Pacific coast of Ecuador, is described and illustrated. The circumscription of Chlorocardium Rohwer, H. G. Richt. & van der Werff is widened. The genus now includes three species, one with tetramerous flowers and two with trimerous flowers.
USING EXTENSIVE READING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING ABILITY
Authors: Ngân Phạm Thị Hoàng , Thu Mai Thị Thanh , Đăng Trần Văn
Published: May 2019

Đọc là một cách để học tập và hưởng thụ. Đặc biệt, trong việc học ngoại ngữ thứ hai, khả năng đọc tốt là cần thiết cho việc học tiếng Anh với mục đích học thuật và mục đích nghề nghiệp cũng như trong nhiều chương trình giảng dạy của các trường đại học. Nhiều nghiên cứu trước đây đã chỉ ra, sinh viên dành nhiều thời gian đối với các bài học đọc để đạt được năng lực như vậy. Mặc dù có nhiều năm được hướng dẫn và thực hành về cách đọc, nhiều sinh viên học tiếng Anh vẫn gặp khó khăn trong việc cải thiện khả năng đọc. Tất nhiên, có một số lý do cho việc này như việc thiếu từ vựng, đọc lưu loát và thói quen đọc. Có nhiều cách khác nhau để cải thiện khả năng đọc của sinh viên và một trong số đó là phương thức “đọc mở rộng”. Do đó, bài báo nhằm mục đích chỉ ra các vấn đề mà sinh viên gặp phải trong khi học đọc và tìm ra lợi ích của việc “đọc mở rộng” đối với  việc cải thiện khả năng đọc của sinh viên.
Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varietas Granola
Authors: Yusdian Yudi , Karya Karya , Vaisal Riksa
Published: May 2019

The aim of this research is to get the dosage of chicken manure which can give the best effect on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Granola  Variety. The experiment was conducted in Marga Mekar Village Pangalengan District Bandung Regency West Java Province. With an altitude of ± 1,200 meters above sea level, Andisol soil type with pH 5.4. with rainfall of 1980,42 mm/year including type C2 rainfall according to Oldeman (1975). The experimental time from May until August 2017. The research method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of six treatments and four replications. The treatment of chicken manure is as follows A (0 ton / Ha), B (6 ton / Ha), C (8 ton / Ha), D (10 ton / Ha), E (12 ton / Ha) and F (14 ton / Ha). The results showed that the application of chicken manure with Dosage 6 ton / ha gave better effect to plant height, while the dosage of 12 ton / ha gave the best effect to weight of tuber per potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) Granola Variety.
Pengaruh Volume dan Frekuensi Pemberian Air Cucian Beras Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.) Klon GT 1
Authors: Ariyanti Mira , Suherman Cucu , Rosniawaty Santi , Franscyscus Albert
Published: May 2019

Rubber is one of main commodities of plantation crops that numerously developed in various districts in Indonesia. The role of the plant is strategic in human life in line with the increasing demand of world rubber. The optimum production increament of the rubber plant begins with the selection of a superior clone and the use of quality seeds. Fertilizing as a means of providing soil nutrients to plants should also be taken carefully.  One of the fertilization is by the provision of organic fertilizers in the form of washed rice water. This research aims to find out the effect of washed rice water in a different volume and frequency applied as organic fertilizer on the growth of rubber seedling GT1 clone.The experiment wasconductedfrom September 2011 toJanuary2012 atthe Experimental Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment was arranged inRandomized Block Designed, with 9 treatments and 3 replications, thus there are 27 units of the experiment. The treatments were providing 100 ml  washed rice water with frequency of 3 days, 100 ml washed rice water with frequency of 5 days, 100 washed ml rice water with frequency of 7 days, 300 ml washed rice water with frequency of 3 days, 300 ml washed rice water with frequency of 5 days, 300 ml washed rice water with frequency of 7 days, 500 ml washed rice water with frequency of 3 days, 500 mL washed rice water with frequency of 5 days, and 500 ml washed rice water with frequency of 7 days. The results of the experiment showed that by providing 500 ml washed rice water with frequency of 3 days gave the best increament for stem height and diameter on rubber seedling GT1 clone.
La internacionalización del derecho constitucional en Colombia: una garantía para los procesos de integración. Ejercicio comparado con los países andinos
Authors: Tremolada Álvarez Eric
Published: May 2019

Este escrito, desde la perspectiva del derecho internacional, aborda el estudio comparado de la internacionalización del derecho constitucional en Colombia como garantía de los procesos de integración. De ahí que parta del análisis del ordenamiento internacional como una unidad formal compuesto por tres estructuras normativas, para luego centrarse en el estudio de la internacionalización del ordenamiento colombiano. En particular se constata cómo este orden interno recibe y ejecuta el derecho internacional y cómo garantiza sus obligaciones respecto a los procesos de integración. Finaliza con un ejercicio comparado de las cláusulas de apertura y control democrático, que en materia de integración se observa en los países andinos.
Problemas actuales sobre la interpretación constitucional de los derechos
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objeto establecer cuatro cuestiones esenciales sobre la interpretación de los derechos constitucionales. Éstos deben seguir siendo objeto de estudio por parte de la doctrina, pues los avances, hasta el momento, han sido relevantes, pero no concluyentes. La primera de estas cuestiones es qué implica la interpretación de los derechos y cuál es la problemática que la envuelve; la segunda, qué mecanismos de solución de conflictos de derechos pueden ser los más adecuados en el marco de una Constitución democrática; la tercera, cuál es la diferencia entre la función de la justicia ordinaria y de la justicia constitucional; y, por último, qué diferencia existe entre la supremacía constitucional y la aplicación preferente de los derechos prevista en el derecho internacional o el derecho de integración, así como en determinadas Constituciones.
El matrimonio a la luz de la interpretación constitucional en México
Authors: García Sánchez Arán
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo está dirigido al tratamiento que se le ha dado legislativamente al matrimonio igualitario y su interpretación constitucional en México a través del ejercicio de los medios de control constitucional, haciendo énfasis en la acción de inconstitucionalidad 02/2010, interpuesta por el procurador general de la república de su momento.Este estudio está cimentado desde la perspectiva de la relación jurídica, dejando de lado la heterosexualidad de los cónyuges y el objeto reproductivo del mismo, en aras de regularlo a través de normas y principios jurídicos, de acuerdo con las exigencias de la realidad social, sin dejar de lado la dignidad humana.
El derecho a conocer el origen genético de las personas nacidas mediante técnicas de reproducción humana asistida con donante anónimo*
Authors: Muñoz Genestoux Rosalía , Víttola Leonardo Raúl
Published: May 2019

En el presente analizaremos el derecho a conocer los orígenes en las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, sus alcances e implicancias a la luz del derecho a la identidad, y su cruce con el derecho a la intimidad de los donantes. Se resalta que las legislaciones deben equilibrar los derechos humanos con el respeto y garantíadesu ejercicio.
La mirada de usuarios de técnicas de reproducción asistida con donante o gestante en relación con los embriones*
Authors: Straw Cecilia , Scardino Marisa , Pérez Agustina
Published: May 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir y reflexionar sobre las opiniones en relación a la figura del embrión, destinos y utilización, de usuarios que tuvieron hijos a partir de la donación de gametos (óvulos y/o espermatozoides) o por medio de la gestación por sustitución en el Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires en 2014 y2015. El propósito es contribuir con evidencia empírica al tratamiento legislativo sobre la naturaleza jurídica del embrión y el destino de los embriones in vitro no implantados (o supernumerarios), el que continúa postergado en Argentina pese a la existencia de un proyecto de ley especial con media sanción en la Cámara de Diputados de la Nación.
El problema de la paz en Kant
Authors: Hermosa Andújar Antonio
Published: May 2019

En el mundo de la razón práctica, tal y como Kant lo concibe, no cabe la discontinuidad entre teoría y práctica de los ámbitos de la moral, el derecho y la política. La moral se constituye en teoría del derecho y éste tanto en prácticade la moral como en teoría de la política. La política es, a su vez, la práctica del derecho. El concepto de deber es el núcleo que articula la continuidad de sus partes.En Sobre la paz perpetua, Kant traslada sus convicciones a la esfera de las relaciones internacionales. Empero, su esfuerzo se salda con un fracaso general, porque no da ninguna garantía de que la unión de moralidad e interés o fuerza, en cualesquiera campos de la acción humana, baste para que la primera refrene el efecto de los segundos.
Migrantes, refugiados y víctimas del tráfico de personas en el Mediterráneo (entre la política y los derechos humanos)
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Pablo Antonio
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se estudian las competencias de los Estados en materia migratoria dentro de los espacios que define el derecho del mar. El análisis toma en cuenta todos los aspectos que inciden en las obligaciones de los Estados en el mar y los derechos humanos. Asimismo, se estudia el rescate de los náufragos, elderecho de las personas solicitantes de asilo, el derecho de las víctimas de tráfico de personas, bien de explotación sexual o con fines de entrada irregular en un Estado, entre otros. Igualmente, se analiza el caso concreto de los refugiados en el mar Mediterráneo, el cual merece especial atención, por su dimensión yrepercusión. En este análisis, los conflictos armados, entre otro tipo de circunstancias, son la causa de la afluencia masiva de migrantes.
Does the Inviolability of Archives Lead to a Catch-22 Situation?
Authors: Kaiser Karen
Published: May 2019

A diferencia de la novela de Joseph Heller ‘Trampa 22’, la situación ilógica o paradójica que surge del privilegio de inviolabilidad de los archivos dentro de la cooperación de organizaciones internacionales con autoridades nacionales en el marco de la lucha contra el fraude y la corrupción es uno de los diferentes órdenes jurídicos que no necesariamente están alineados desde el principio. Las autoridades nacionales tienen que respetar la inviolabilidad de los archivos de organizaciones internacionales y no pueden ni interpretar el privilegio de manera restrictiva, sin tomar en cuenta al mismo tiempo su propósito, que es la operación ordenada e independiente de las organizaciones internacionales; y tampoco limitar el privilegio de alguna otra manera. Por lo tanto, queda en manos de las organizaciones internacionales en sí mismas el limitar el riesgo de una situación de Trampa 22, al cumplir con su deber de cooperar con autoridades nacionales. Sin embargo, la carga de la prueba no solo recae en lasorganizaciones internacionales. Cualquier uso razonable del privilegio presupone que las autoridades nacionales reconocen su existencia y la abordan de manera respetuosa.
Empresa y privacidad: el cuidado de la información y los datos personales en medios digitales
Authors: Meraz Espinoza Ana Isabel
Published: May 2019

La tecnología como tema de investigación es amplio. Si se enfoca en aspectos propios de una empresa se abre un abanico ilimitado de asuntos de carácter legal y técnico que requieren de atención y cuidado ante sus posibles consecuencias jurídicas. La moderna empresa, inserta en la sociedad de la información y del conocimiento, cambia y evoluciona de manera constante y se adapta a ese vaivén técnico y legal que obligatoriamente le sujeta. Un asunto importante al que se enfrentan todo tipo de corporaciones, pequeñas, medianas o grandes, es el uso cotidiano de los medios digitales para procesar, distribuir o almacenar cualquier tipo de información en algún dispositivo electrónico. Esta actividad, tan necesaria en la actualidad, sigue facilitándole al empresario todo tipo de procesos. Sin embargo, la empresa es vulnerable ante los riesgos técnicos y legales relativos a la protección de la privacidad de la información y datos personales de quienes la integran. La privacidad comprende una serie de situaciones relacionadas con el estatus personal y particular de cada individuo, por ello es importante analizar algunas de ellas para determinar hasta donde llegan los derechos y las obligaciones que atañen a cada una de las partes involucradas en un contexto empresarial.
Los retos de la banca digital en México
Authors: Avendaño Octavio
Published: May 2019

Los servicios que ofrece la Banca en México y en el mundo han cambiado vertiginosamente en los últimos años, al pasar de una forma tradicional de servicio en sucursal, a banca por teléfono, después a banca electrónica y ahora a servicios financieros en dispositivos móviles e identificación biométrica, entre otros avances. Es por ello que el presente artículo analiza la evolución jurídica en la prestación de servicios bancarios y ofrece una perspectiva de algunas áreas en donde el Derecho puede estar superado por los avances de la tecnología, como por ejemplo la necesidad de regular a las empresas Fintech, errores u omisiones en la prestación del servicio, así como la supervisión de las autoridades y la protección al usuario.
Gobierno local, agencia y Estado en el rediseño de la representación por la vía de la reelección consecutiva
Authors: ESTRADA RODRIGUEZ JOSE LUIS , Mendieta Ramírez Angélica
Published: May 2019

La democracia se construye a partir de dos elementos: a partir de las instituciones que salvaguardan los derechos, por medio de la ley; y los ciudadanos que asumen un papel activo en la vigilancia de sus prerrogativas. Este trabajo realiza un análisis sobre los condicionantes de la reelección consecutiva a nivel municipal, recién aprobada en la reforma político-electoral en 2014. Este fue un mecanismo para garantizar la agencia, en términos de O’Donell, caracterizada como la posibilidad de los ciudadanos de incidir en la representación política, para promover la calidad democrática. La metodología utilizada es el análisis interpretativo de los autores y sus postulados, así como la exposición de sus argumentos. Se advierte que es necesario un rediseño institucional para modificar la relación existente entre el Estado y los ciudadanos en su capacidad de agentes políticos.
Vanguardia, vigencia y viabilidad de la accountability societal concebida por Guillermo O’Donnell
Authors: Aguirre Sala Jorge Francisco , Infante Bonfiglio José María
Published: May 2019

A partir de la obra colectiva Controlando la política. Ciudadanos y medios en las nuevas democracias latinoamericanas (2002), donde Guillermo O’Donnell debate el concepto de rendición de cuentas con Peruzzotti, Smulovitz y Przeworski, se rescata la agenda de investigación propuesta por O’Donnell. La indagatoria pretende explicitar la tipología de la accountability con sus respectivos criterios; caracterizar la accountability societal; mostrar la necesidad, vanguardia y vigencia de la propuesta de O’Donnell; y, dados sus condicionamientos explícitos a la “combinación de tiempo, información, acceso a media, capacidad de comunicación pública e interpersonal”, evaluar su posible implementación con los aportes de la actual era digital. La metodología para los tres primeros objetivos sigue el análisis conceptual desarrollado por O’Donnell y otros estudios sobre su pensamiento al respecto. Para el último objetivo, se hace una prospectiva donde los instrumentos cibernéticos puedan funcionar a favor de la accountability societal.
El Estado burocrático autoritario y las transiciones a la democracia: las raíces de los regímenes neoliberales en América Latina
Authors: Moreno Velador Octavio Humberto , Figueroa Ibarra Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se plantea que las raíces de los regímenes que abrazaron el neoliberalismo en América Latina se pueden rastrear en lo que Guillermo O’Donnell llamó el Estado burocrático autoritario (eba) y en las llamadas transiciones a la democracia. Argumentamos que el surgimiento histórico del proyecto neoliberal se puede encontrar en el entramado de intereses político económicos descritos por O’Donnell en el ebay en las transiciones a la democracia que permitieron el encumbramiento de élites políticas y económicas favorables a las reformas neoliberales. Se plantea también que los pactos intraelitarios que respaldaron las transiciones a la democracia resultaron insuficientes para lograr una democratización profunda.
Aportes de la didáctica de la Historia del Derecho a la cultura jurídica: formación de un sujeto histórico amoroso
Authors: Palma González Eric Eduardo , Elgueta Rosas María Francisca
Published: May 2019

El artículo postula una didáctica de la Historia del Derecho que centrada en la enseñanza-aprendizaje, se propone formar profesionales del Derecho que promuevan la democracia, los derechos humanos y la interculturalidad, dando así soporte a una nueva cultura jurídica. Con esta orientación formativa inspirada en el modelo pedagógico sociocrítico, la cátedra se aleja del modelo de competencias para contribuir a la formación de un abogado como sujeto histórico amoroso.
La justicia criminal del antiguo régimen: sentencias y aplicación de la ley en México (1841-1857)
Authors: Flores Flores Graciela
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad estudiar un periodo de la historia de la justicia y el derecho en México que comprende de 1841 a 1857, en el que se gestaron los mecanismos jurídicos que posteriormente combatieron dos de los pilares de la justicia de Antiguo Régimen (el amplio arbitrio judicial con el que contaban los jueces y el pluralismo normativo) a través de dos exigencias: la fundamentación de las sentencias, por un lado y, la exacta aplicación de la ley, por el otro.
MEDIOS Y EL PODER POLÍTICO
Authors: CanaleS Fernando
Published: May 2019

Debate
UNA NOTA SOBRE EL ENFOQUE ECONÓMICO PARA EL TRABAJO LEGISLATIVO EN MÉXICO
Authors: Ibarra López Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Estanteria
Apuntes sobre la actualidad
Authors: Maffesoli Michel
Published: May 2019

En abril de 2006 la Universidad de las Américas creó la Cátedra Michel Maffesoli. Este texto es una de las conferencias que el autor de La tajada del diablo expuso en el marco de su instauración.Reproducido de Posmodernidad, libro de reciente aparición de Michel Maffesoli, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, México, 2007.
Una mirada jurídica de la transexualidad en cuba
Authors: Fernández Martínez C. Marta , González Ferrer Yamila
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo realiza un estudio de la transexualidad como fenómeno en elque el sexo biológico y psíquico no coincide. El estudio profundiza en la diferenciación entre género (categoría social impuesta sobre un cuerpo sexuado,realidad compleja que se asienta en el sexo biológico, pero que podría nocoincidir con él) y sexo (conjunto de procesos biológicos que comprendendiversos niveles, genético, hormonal y neurológico que se desarrollan a lo largo presdel ciclo vital, lo que enmarca las características biológicas asociad: hombre y mujer); y concluye defendiendo la posibilidad de cambio de género en función de un derecho de libertad en la identidad sexual y del entendimiento de que los géneros son un proceso social e histórico, un proceso cultural, psicológico e ideológico que va transmitiendo de generación en generación determinadas pautas culturales y que por lo tanto no es algo inmutable. Culmina haciendo un estudio de casos de cambios de identidad en la realidad cubana
Reflexión ético jurídica sobre las técnicas de reproducción asistida
Authors: Flores Salgado Lucerito Ludmila
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo aborda el tema de la reproducción asistida comentando lasdiferentes técnicas que posibilitan realizarla, como la inseminación artificial,fecundación in vitro y la maternidad subrogada o por sustitución. En el primercaso analiza las modalidades homóloga y heteróloga en que ésta puede producirse a partir de que el semen fecundante sea del esposo o de un terceroy valora el tratamiento que ha tenido en diversos países europeos y en Brasil,Argentina y Perú, en el continente americano. En el segundo caso valoraigualmente las diversas tipologías que puede adquirir ésta: homóloga, heteróloga, post morten mediante la técnica de crioconservación; también analiza las modalidades de la fecundación in vitro con transferencia de embriones. Comenta los diversos problemas de filiación derivados de estas técnicas y las repercusiones éticas y sociales de las mismas. Concluye afirmando que con las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la clonación, se pervierten las relaciones fundamentales de la persona humana: la filiación, la consanguineidad, el parentesco, la paternidad y la maternidad.