bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Aerobic Programs Similar in Design to Cardiac Rehabilitation Beneficial for Survivors of Stroke? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Regan Elizabeth W. , Handlery Reed , Beets Michael W. , Fritz Stacy L.
Published: August 2019

Background

Survivors of stroke face movement disability and increased cardiovascular disease and stroke risk. Treatment includes rehabilitation focused on functional movement with less emphasis on aerobic capacity. After rehabilitation, survivors of stroke must self‐manage activity with limited appropriate community programs. Lack of structured activity contributes to sedentary behavior. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to review aerobic programs for stroke survivors similar in activity and dosage to cardiac rehabilitation programs to determine their efficacy for improving aerobic and walking capacity.

Methods and Results

Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to review 5 databases. Group interventions for survivors of stroke with a primary aerobic component and dosage from 18 to 36 visits over 8 to 18 weeks (matching cardiac rehabilitation requirements in the United States) were included. The 6‐minute walk test, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) peak, and walking speed were included as measures of aerobic capacity. Summary effect sizes and outcome measure mean differences were calculated for preintervention to postintervention, and summary effect sizes were calculated for preintervention to follow‐up. Activity type and initial 6‐minute walk test moderator analyses were performed. Nineteen studies with 23 eligible groups were selected. Survivors of stroke improved their composite aerobic capacity with an effect size of 0.38 (95%
CI
, 0.27–0.49). Studies including 6‐minute walk test demonstrated a pooled difference in means of 53.3 m (95%
CI
, 36.8–69.8 m). Follow‐up data were inconclusive.

Conclusions

Survivors of stroke benefit from aerobic programs with similar dosing to cardiac rehabilitation in the United States. The potential integration into existing programs could expand the community exercise options.
Kātib or muwaṯṯiq? New Approaches to the Writing of Private Arabic Documents in Granada
Authors: Carro Martín Sergio
Published: August 2019

The particular style of the Granadan notaries (muwaṯṯiqūn) incorporates atypical letters, graphs and symbols that give their documents a formal and original character that is more befitting of the works of the secretaries (kuttāb). The presence of these features in documents within an official and administrative environment (dīwān al-inšāʾ) yields the question of whether the training of Granadan notaries, in their function as scribes, was the same as that of the kuttāb. The aim of this article is to analyze the graphical peculiarities of Granadan notarial documents and to see to what extent these features are present in the chancellery documents or works commonly attributed to the kuttāb. This includes a review of the paleographic features of the notarial documents in contrast to the Maghribi script standards.
Li-kull dahr dawla wa-riǧāl : temps, auteurs et autorité chez les théoriciens andalous de la kitāba, Ve/XIe-VIe/XIIe siècles
Authors: Soravia Bruna
Published: August 2019

À travers l’analyse de l’Iqtiḍāb fī šarḥ adab al-kuttāb (L’abrégé : commentaire de L’éducation des secrétaires) d’Ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī (m. 521/1127) et de l’Iḥkām ṣanʿat al-kalām (La maîtrise de l’art de la prose) d’Ibn ʿAbd al-Ġafūr al-Kalāʿī (m. après 542/1148), cet essai se propose de montrer que le discours andalou autour de l’adab al-kātib a cherché à rénover la tradition de ce genre, par la conscience des enjeux liés aux différentes usages de l’écrit dans le temps, ainsi que par la critique des conventions et des prescriptions héritées des auteurs orientaux transmis en al-Andalus aux Ve/XIe-VIe/XIIe siècles.
The Myriad Sources of the Vocabulary of ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Kātib (d. 132/750)
Authors: al-Qāḍī Wadād
Published: August 2019

Cette étude examine les innombrables sources qui ont influencé le vocabulaire de ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Kātib (m. 132/750), le plus célèbre secrétaire de chancellerie des derniers califes omeyyades et « fondateur » de la littérature épistolaire arabe en prose. Nous y identifions certaines de ces sources, d’abord, d’une manière générale, à travers ce que nous connaissons de sa biographie, puis, plus précisément, grâce à une nouvelle interprétation du « programme » de formation qu’il établit pour les secrétaires de l’État islamique. Cette interprétation a conduit à l’identification de ces sources: I. la littérature arabe, c’est-à-dire la poésie arabe pré-islamique et, par extension, la poésie arabe des débuts de l’Islam; II. les traditions séculières du Proche-Orient préislamique, c’est-à-dire les traditions militaires et historiques grecques, persanes et arabes, dont certains documents étaient accessibles à ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd en traduction; et III. la tradition religieuse du Proche-Orient islamique, écrite dans l’ombre du Coran et avec un engagement de la part d’Abd al-Ḥamīd pour la cause des Omeyyades incluant les domaines de la théologie, du droit et de l’histoire. L’étude examine les différentes manières dont ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd utilisa chacune de ces sources tout en soulignant son ingéniosité, sa créativité et son indépendance.
The Distribution of Asylum Responsibilities in the EU: Dublin, Partnerships with Third Countries and the Question of Solidarity
Authors: Karageorgiou Eleni
Published: August 2019

Because of the scale of global displacement, in particular from Syria, the European Union (EU) has stressed the need to work on an effective asylum and immigration policy through more robust forms of cooperation internally, between Member States, and externally, with third countries. This contribution investigates the extent to which the EU rules for distributing asylum responsibilities genuinely address the requirement of solidarity set out in EU law. It focuses on the Dublin system, which forms the main intra-EU responsibility allocation mechanism, and on the EU–Turkey partnership as an external mechanism. It suggests that instead of relieving countries that have disproportionate protection responsibilities and guaranteeing protection for every individual in need, such practices achieve the opposite. They ensure that overburdened countries remain the main protection providers and that the movement of refugees is strictly managed. This leads to the debasement of the right to asylum contrary to international and European law.
Temporal Metrics of Multisensory Processing Change in the Elderly
Authors: Basharat Aysha , Mahoney Jeannette R. , Barnett-Cowan Michael
Published: August 2019

Older adults exhibit greater multisensory response time (RT) facilitation by violating the race model more than young adults; this is commonly interpreted as an enhancement in perception. Older adults typically exhibit wider temporal binding windows (TBWs) and points of subjective simultaneity (PSS) that typically lie farther from true simultaneity as compared to young adults when simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal-order judgment (TOJ) tasks are utilized; this is commonly interpreted as an impairment in perception. Here we explore the relation between the three tasks in order to better assess audiovisual multisensory temporal processing in both young and older adults. Our results confirm previous reports showing that audiovisual RT, TBWs and PSSs change with age; however, we show for the first time a significant positive relation between the magnitude of race model violation in young adults as a function of the PSS obtained from the audiovisual TOJ task (r: 0.49, p: 0.007), that is absent in older adults (r: 0.13, p: 0.58). Furthermore, we find no evidence for the relation between race model violation as a function of the PSS obtained from the audiovisual SJ task in both young (r: −0.01, p: 0.94) and older adults (r: 0.1, p: 0.66). Our results confirm previous reports that (i) audiovisual temporal processing changes with age; (ii) distinct processes are likely involved in simultaneity and temporal-order perception; and (iii) common processing between race model violation and temporal-order judgment is impaired in the elderly.
The Use of the ‘Vulnerability’ Label by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women: Protecting or Stigmatizing Women and Girls in the Forced Migration Context?
Authors: Flegar Veronika , Iedema Emma
Published: August 2019

This article sheds light on the explicit identification and labelling of forced migrant women and girls as vulnerable and the effect this seems to have on their human rights protection under the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw). The article focuses on the principal international body directly concerned with the human rights of women and girls, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw Committee) and combines legal doctrinal analysis with a critical reflection in light of the normative-theoretical notion of universal vulnerability. The notion of universal vulnerability has been suggested to close protection gaps and contribute to a more inclusive human rights framework; yet, the vulnerability label has been criticized as potentially stigmatizing and paternalizing. The article therefore critically assesses whether and to what extent explicit vulnerability references by the cedaw Committee contribute to the protection and/or stigmatization of forced migrant women and girls. The analysis reveals that the vulnerability label adopted by the cedaw Committee is not (yet) entirely in line with the universal vulne-rability notion’s potential for the protection of human rights. Yet, the article suggests that vulnerability references can nevertheless contribute to human rights protection since they help to identify protection priorities and clarify state obligations towards those identified as vulnerable. This positive effect for the protection of human rights is likely to be highest the more attention is being paid to the avoidance of stigmatization.
Prestauroneis genkalii—a new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae: Stauroneidaceae) from Southeast Asia

Authors: GLUSHCHENKO ANTON , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , KUZNETSOVA IRINA , KEZLYA ELENA , KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM
Published: August 2019

We present light and scanning electron microscopical observations on one new species of Prestauroneis from Vietnam. The new species, Prestauroneis genkalii Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy & Kociolek sp. nov., is described on the basis valve outline, shape of the apices, as well as striae and areolar densities. Morphology of Prestauroneis species, especially with respect to valve outline, is discussed. P. genkalii sp. nov. possesses all of the typical morphological features for the genus, including uniseriate striae covered by internal hymenes, a pseudoseptum at each apex and distal raphe ends extending onto the valve mantle. In addition, a new combination is suggested for Navicula pseudocrucicula Kobayasi, Prestauroneis pseudocrucicula (Kobayasi) Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy & Kociolek comb. nov. on the basis of type description. P. genkalii sp. nov. is the first member of the genus Prestauroneis reported for Southeast Asia.
Annotated checklist and illustrated key to the species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from South America
Authors: QUERINO RANYSE B. , ZUCCHI ROBERTO A.
Published: August 2019

A checklist is provided for all 43 species of Trichogramma recorded in South America, including diagnoses, comments, hosts, and distributions. A key to the South American species based on males (external morphology and genitalia) is also presented. Trichogramma koehleri Blanchard is here placed as species inquirenda.
A new species of Chaetonerius Hendel (Diptera: Neriidae) from Northeast Madagascar
Authors: SEPÚLVEDA TATIANA A. , DE S. SOUZA DIEGO
Published: August 2019

A new species of Ethiopian Neriidae, Chaetonerius serratus sp. n., is described from Madagascar. Differential characters are provided along with photographs and illustrations of the type material, including details of the male genitalia. The key for identification of Chaetonerius Hendel from the East African islands provided by Sepúlveda & de Carvalho (2019) is modified to include the new species.
Dactylobasis gen. nov. from colombia, a new genus of Zygoptera with Teinobasini affinities (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: PÉREZ-GUTIÉRREZ LEÓN ANDRÉS
Published: August 2019

A new monobasic genus Dactylobasis is erected for D. demarmelsi sp. nov. (Holotype male, COLOMBIA, Chocó Department, Salero 05°19’01” N 76°36’52” W, alt. 129m, 10 VIII 2005. L. A. Pérez leg. UARC), is described and illustrated. The new genus is considered a member of the Teinobasini by the presence of an articulated ventral spur at the base of cercus in male. Generic characters are: mesanepisternum entirely metallic green, each with a horn in both sexes, propleuron laterally swollen with a spinulose conical posterior projection; male paraproct long with ventral branch at half of its length. Dactylobasis demarmelsi is probably endemic to the Biogeographic province of Chocó.
New species of oribatid mites of the family Oppiidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Chile
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: August 2019

Three new species of oribatid mites (Oribatida) of the family Oppiidae collected from swamp moss near Laguna Parrillar National Park in Chile (Patagonia) are described. Kokoppia lagunaensis sp. nov. differs from Kokoppia inclinata, K. rafalskii and K. pectinata by the following morphological traits: body size; structure of costulae; absence of transcostula; presence of interbothridial tubercles; morphology of bothridial setae; number of solenidia on leg tarsi II. Setoppia parrillarensis sp. nov. differs from Setoppia strinovichi by the following morphological traits: body size; length of interlamellar setae; localization of notogastral setae la and adanal lyrifissures; absence of costulae. Graptoppia (Stenoppia) magallanesensis sp. nov. differs from Graptoppia (Stenoppia) italica by the following morphological traits: absence of transcostula; localization of notogastral setae la; presence of interbothridial tubercles. The species Oppia inclinata Hammer, 1962 is transferred to the genus Kokoppia and now is given as Kokoppia inclinata (Hammer, 1962) comb. nov.
The identity of some specimens previously (mis)identified as Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data, with implications on distribution
Authors: POPPE JEAN LUCAS , GOTTSCHALK MARCO SILVA , DEPRÁ MARÍNDIA , SCHMITZ HERMES JOSÉ , VALENTE VERA LÚCIA SILVA
Published: August 2019

Rhinoleucophenga Hendel is an endemic genus of the New World with most species recorded in Brazil. Rhinoleucophenga obesa (Loew) seemed to be the most widespread species, being recorded in the United States of America, Mexico and Brazil. In the Neotropical region, identifications of R. obesa were commonly based on the description of non-type specimens determined by Costa Lima (1935) and Malogolowkin (1946), although their identities were doubtful. However, the recent redescription of R. obesa from the type-series from Texas, USA, confirmed a long period of misidentifications and a new species, R. cantareira Vilela & Bächli, was proposed based on Brazilian specimens. Thus, review of morphological and molecular traits of specimens previously identified as R. obesa in Neotropical biomes are necessary to check the identity and distribution of a group of sibling species: R. obesa, R. cantareira, R. gigantea (Thomson), R. pallida Hendel and R. pampeana Poppe et al. In the present paper, specimens previously determined as R. obesa, sampled in different Brazilian localities, were compared by morphological and molecular traits. Plates of female terminalia of R. cantareira and R. gigantea are presented for the first time. The spermathecal capsules (as well as the male epandrium) revealed useful characteristics to differentiate those species; these morphological differences were corroborated by a sequence fragment of COI. The specimens on which were based the descriptions of Rhinoleucophenga obesa sensu Costa Lima (1935) and sensu Malogolowkin (1946) were reviewed and confirmed as R. cantareira. Other Brazilian specimens from different localities, previously misidentified as R. obesa, were determined as R. gigantea or R. cantareira, with new records for both species. Therefore, the present study corresponds to the advance of identity definition and distribution of sibling species of Rhinoleucophenga commonly sampled in Neotropical inventory studies.
Taxonomic history of species without subgeneric placement in the genus Wyeomyia Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) and recognition of Wy. compta Senevet & Abonnenc as a junior synonym of Wy. argenteorostris (Bonne-Wepster & Bonne)
Authors: PEREIRA NASCIMENTO , TALAGA STANISLAS , GUIMARÃES ANTHONY ÉRICO , LOURENÇO-DE-OLIVEIRA RICARDO , DE ALBUQUERQUE MOTTA MONIQUE
Published: August 2019

The mosquito genus Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) includes 17 subgenera and 140 species, 30 of which are without subgeneric placement. The taxonomic history of the unplaced species is summarized and the validity of Wy. compta Senevet & Abonnenc is discussed based on examination of the type material. It is clear that the description of Wy. compta was based on specimens belonging to two different species. The holotype adult female is identical to Wy. argenteorostris (Bonne-Wepster & Bonne) whereas the characters described from a larval exuviae mounted on the same slide with the holotype of Wy. albocaerulea Senevet & Abonnenc coincide with those which characterize the subgenus Dodecamyia. Since the larval exuviae cannot be definitely associated with the holotype female and it belongs to either Wy. aphobema Dyar or another species of the subgenus Dodecamyia, it cannot be afforded type status. Therefore, Wy. compta is synonymized with Wy. argenteorostris.
Improved Vancouver Raman Algorithm Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition for Denoising Biological Samples
Authors: León-Bejarano Fabiola , Méndez Martin O. , Ramírez-Elías Miguel G. , Alba Alfonso
Published: August 2019

A novel method based on the Vancouver Raman algorithm (VRA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for denoising Raman spectra of biological samples is presented. The VRA is one of the most used methods for denoising Raman spectroscopy and is composed of two main steps: signal filtering and polynomial fitting. However, the signal filtering step consists in a simple mean filter that could eliminate spectrum peaks with small intensities or merge relatively close spectrum peaks into one single peak. Thus, the result is often sensitive to the order of the mean filter, so the user must choose it carefully to obtain the expected result; this introduces subjectivity in the process. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a new algorithm, namely the modified-VRA (mVRA) with the following improvements: (1) to replace the mean filter step by EMD as an adaptive parameter-free signal processing method; and (2) to automate the selection of polynomial degree. The denoising capabilities of VRA, EMD, and mVRA were compared in Raman spectra of artificial data based on Teflon material, synthetic material obtained from vitamin E and paracetamol, and biological material of human nails and mouse brain. The correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to compare the performance of the methods. For the artificial Raman spectra, the denoised signal obtained by mVRA ([Formula: see text]) outperforms VRA ([Formula: see text]) for moderate to high noise levels whereas mVRA outperformed EMD ([Formula: see text]) for high noise levels. On the other hand, when it comes to modeling the underlying fluorescence signal of the samples (i.e., the baseline trend), the proposed method mVRA showed consistent results ([Formula: see text]. For Raman spectra of synthetic material, good performance of the three methods ([Formula: see text] for VRA, [Formula: see text] for EMD, and [Formula: see text] for mVRA) was obtained. Finally, in the biological material, mVRA and VRA showed similar results ([Formula: see text] for VRA, [Formula: see text] for EMD, and [Formula: see text] for mVRA); however, mVRA retains valuable information corresponding to relevant Raman peaks with small amplitude. Thus, the application of EMD as a filter in the VRA method provides a good alternative for denoising biological Raman spectra, since the information of the Raman peaks is conserved and parameter tuning is not required. Simultaneously, EMD allows the baseline correction to be automated.
Exposure to Persistently Delinquent Peers and Substance Use Onset: A Test of Moffitt’s Social Mimicry Hypothesis
Authors: Widdowson Alex O. , Ranson J. W. Andrew , Siennick Sonja E. , Rulison Kelly L. , Osgood D. Wayne
Published: August 2019

Moffitt’s social mimicry hypothesis states that the sudden rise in offending during adolescence is partly the result of adolescence-limited delinquents modeling the behavior of their life-course persistent peers. We test this hypothesis using social network data from 7,742 adolescents followed from 6th to 12th grades to consider whether having a persistently delinquent friend, especially one who used substances, predicted substance use initiation. Results indicated that although having a persistently delinquent friend was associated with an increased risk of general substance use initiation, adolescents who had a persistently delinquent friend were just as likely to initiate smoking, drinking, and marijuana use whether that friend used that specific substance or not, which suggests that adolescents may not mimic their friends’ use of specific substances.
An Examination of the Influence of Exposure to Disciplinary Segregation on Recidivism
Authors: Butler H. Daniel , Steiner Benjamin , Makarios Matthew D. , Travis Lawrence F.
Published: August 2019

Inmates who violate prison rules and regulations may be confined in disciplinary segregation as a punishment, which includes a loss of privileges and reduced opportunities to socialize and participate in prison programming. Few studies have explored the relationship between confinement in disciplinary segregation and recidivism. In this study, data collected from offenders released to postrelease supervision in Ohio are used to examine how various types of exposure to confinement in disciplinary segregation influence the odds of recidivism. In addition, confinement in disciplinary segregation in the months preceding release from prison is examined by use of difference of means tests. We found that confinement in disciplinary segregation and the timing of confinement prior to release are associated with increased odds of recidivism.
Animal models for cystic fibrosis: A systematic search and mapping review of the literature – Part 1: genetic models
Authors: Leenaars Cathalijn HC , De Vries Rob BM , Heming Anna , Visser Damian , Holthaus David , Reijmer Joey , Elzinga Janneke , Kempkes Rosalie WM , Punt Carine , Beumer Wouter , Meijboom Franck LB , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel
Published: August 2019

Animal models for cystic fibrosis (CF) have enhanced our understanding of the pathology and contributed to the development of new treatments. In the field of CF, many animal models have been developed and described. To our knowledge, thus far, none of the reviews of CF animal models has used a systematic methodology. A systematic approach to creating model overviews can lead to an objective, evidence-based choice of an animal model for new research questions. We searched Pubmed and Embase for the currently available animal models for CF. Two independent reviewers screened the results. We included all primary studies describing an animal model for CF. After duplicate removal, 12,304 publications were left. Because of the large number of models, in the current paper, only the genetic models are presented. A total of 636 publications were identified describing genetic animal models for CF in mice, pigs, ferrets, rats and zebrafish. Most of these models have an altered Cftr gene. An overview of basic model characteristics and outcome measures for these genetic models is provided, together with advice on using these data. As far as the authors are aware, this is one of the largest systematic mapping reviews on genetic animal models for CF. It can aid in selecting a suitable model and outcome measures. In general, the reporting quality of the included publications was poor. Further systematic reviews are warranted to determine the quality and translational value of these models further.
The Highs and Lows of Love: Romantic Relationship Quality Moderates Whether Spending Time With One’s Partner Predicts Gains or Losses in Well-Being
Authors: Hudson Nathan W. , Lucas Richard E. , Donnellan M. Brent
Published: August 2019

Previous research suggests both relationship status and relationship quality correlate with well-being. The present study extended these findings in three ways. First, we benchmarked individuals with various-quality relationships against uncoupled people to determine whether even low-quality relationships are associated with greater well-being than being unpartnered. Second, research suggests global well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) and experiential well-being (e.g., momentary affect) oftentimes have different predictors. Thus, we tested whether individuals report greater experiential well-being while with their partners. Finally, we examined whether daily time invested into one’s relationship predicted well-being. Results indicated that being in a romantic relationship, interacting with one’s partner, and investing greater time into the relationship all predicted greater well-being. However, these effects were moderated by relationship quality, such that being in even relatively neutral relationships and interacting therein were associated with lower well-being than being unpartnered.
The Role of Face and Voice Cues in Predicting the Outcome of Student Representative Elections
Authors: Mileva Mila , Tompkinson James , Watt Dominic , Burton A. Mike
Published: August 2019

First impressions formed after seeing someone’s face or hearing their voice can affect many social decisions, including voting in political elections. Despite the many studies investigating the independent contribution of face and voice cues to electoral success, their integration is still not well understood. Here, we examine a novel electoral context, student representative ballots, allowing us to test the generalizability of previous studies. We also examine the independent contributions of visual, auditory, and audiovisual information to social judgments of the candidates, and their relationship to election outcomes. Results showed that perceived trustworthiness was the only trait significantly related to election success. These findings contrast with previous reports on the importance of perceived competence using audio or visual cues only in the context of national political elections. The present study highlights the role of real-world context and emphasizes the importance of using ecologically valid stimulus presentation in understanding real-life social judgment.
Examining Positivity Effect and Working Memory in Young-Old and Very Old Adults Using EEG-Derived Cognitive State Metrics
Authors: Ruthig Joelle C. , Poltavski Dmitri P. , Petros Thomas
Published: August 2019

The positivity effect among older adults is a tendency to process more positive and/or less negative emotional stimuli compared to younger adults, with unknown upper age boundaries. Cognitive and emotional working memory were assessed in young-old adults (60–75) and very old adults (VOAs; 80+) to determine whether emotional working memory declines similar to the age-related decline of cognitive working memory. The moderating role of valence on the link between age and emotional working memory was examined to identify change in positivity effect with advanced age. Electroencephalography (EEG) markers of cognitive workload and engagement were obtained to test the theory of cognitive resource allocation in older adults’ emotional stimuli processing. EEG recordings were collected during cognitive memory task and emotional working memory tasks that required rating emotional intensity of images pairs. Results indicate a positivity effect among VOAs that does not require additional cognitive effort and is not likely to diminish with age.
Does Relation Between Women’s Justification of Wife Beating and Intimate Partner Violence Differ in Context of Husband’s Controlling Attitudes in Nigeria?
Authors: Sunmola Adegbenga M. , Mayungbo Olusegun A. , Ashefor Gregory A. , Morakinyo Luqman A.
Published: August 2019

Controlling and domineering attitudes of husbands are risk factors for women’s experience of physical, sexual, and emotional violence in Nigeria. Other studies imply that husband’s attitudes may also influence the risk of women’s justification of wife beating. Consistently, it was hypothesized that husband’s controlling and domineering attitudes would influence the relationship between women’s justification of wife beating and the three types of violence experience. Participants were 19,360 nationally representative sample of married women in Nigeria. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Regression analyses were conducted to analyze the contributions of justification of wife beating and husband attitudes to the three types of women’s violence experience. Findings showed that women who justified wife beating experienced more physical, sexual, and emotional violence. The relationship of justification of wife beating still persisted with sexual and emotional violence in the context of husband’s controlling and domineering attitudes. Implications of study findings were discussed.
A Latent Class Approach to Modeling Trajectories of Health Care Cost in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Levy Joseph F. , Rosenberg Marjorie A.
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Estimating costs of medical care attributable to treatments over time is difficult due to costs that cannot be explained solely by observed risk factors. Unobserved risk factors cannot be accounted for using standard econometric techniques, potentially leading to imprecise prediction. The goal of this work is to describe methodology to account for latent variables in the prediction of longitudinal costs. Methods. Latent class growth mixture models (LCGMMs) predict class membership using observed risk factors and class-specific distributions of costs over time. Our motivating example models cost of care for children with cystic fibrosis from birth to age 17. We compare a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with LCGMMs. Both models use the same covariates and distribution to predict average costs by combinations of observed risk factors. We adopt a Bayesian estimation approach to both models and compare results using the deviance information criterion (DIC). Results. The 3-class LCGMM model has a lower DIC than the GLMM. The LCGMM latent classes include a low-cost group where costs increase slowly over time, a medium-cost group with initial higher costs than the low-cost group and with more rapidly increasing costs at older ages, and a high-cost group with a U-shaped trajectory. The risk profile-specific mixtures of classes are used to predict costs over time. The LCGMM model shows more delineation of costs by age by risk profile and with less uncertainty than the GLMM model. Conclusions. The LCGMM approach creates flexible prediction models when using longitudinal cost data. The Bayesian estimation approach to LCGMM presented fits well into cost-effectiveness modeling where the estimated trajectories and class membership can be used for prediction.
Imagined Interactions and Inner Speech
Authors: Honeycutt James M.
Published: August 2019

Similarities and differences between inner speech and imagined interactions (IIs) are discussed. Selected studies in both areas are reviewed. Inner speech originally was conceptualized as a stage in language acquisition and the process of thought. It reflects speaking to oneself in the form of monologue. It has been referred to as verbal thinking, inner speaking, covert self-talk, internal monologue, and internal dialogue as people talk to themselves in silence. IIs are similar, yet different in that imaginary dialogue reflects talking to another person while monologue is self-talk. IIs are a type of daydreaming, social cognition, and mental imagery in which people experience cognitive representations of conversation with accompanying verbal and nonverbal features. We highlight relevant studies in the areas of daydreaming, public speaking, rumination, cardiovascular arousal, and road rage. We conclude with two suggestions for future research.
Sustained reactive oxygen species generation from percarbamide nanomedicine via a mechanism of X-Ray-initiated free radical chain reactions
Authors: Huang Yongping , Shao Yiran , Zhu Yingchun
Published: August 2019

Free radicals are toxic agents known to induce cellular oxidative damage, and reactive oxygen species plays a key role in cancer therapy. Herein, we develop an efficient delivery nanomedicine for controlled free radical generation by loading innocuous percarbamide in chitosan-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PCA@HMSNs-CTS). Reactive oxygen species was generated continuously and kept at a high level during the sustained release process of hydrogen peroxide from PCA@HMSNs-CTS. The evidences for mechanism revealed an autocatalytic free radical chain reactions initiated by a short time soft-X-Ray. The reactive oxygen species intensity in solutions after initiation is 5.8-fold higher than that without soft-X-Ray initiation following with the decomposition of hyperoxides and generation of oxygen. PCA@HMSNs-CTS exhibit a pH-responsive reactive oxygen species release, and the reactive oxygen species exhibit a significant high level in cancer cells which efficiently decrease the cell viability. This work explores the radical generation strategy of percarbamide nanomedicine and is expected to present a new avenue to efficient nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
Barriers and Facilitators to Hypertension Control Following Participation in a Church-Based Hypertension Intervention Study
Authors: Heinert Sara , Escobar-Schulz Sandra , Jackson Maya , Del Rios Marina , Kim Sarah , Kahkejian Jennica , Prendergast Heather
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

Hypertension is the primary risk factor for development of cardiovascular complications. Community-initiated interventions have proven effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals who might otherwise face barriers to care. The purposes of this study were to gain feedback on a church-based hypertension intervention study and assess barriers and facilitators to hypertension control after participation in the study.

Design:

Qualitative study of 4 focus groups.

Setting:

Focus groups took place at 4 churches in primarily minority neighborhoods of Chicago, Illinois, in summer 2017.

Participants:

Thirty-one community members participated in the focus groups.

Method:

The Community Targeting of Uncontrolled Hypertension (CTOUCH) study was a church-based screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment program for hypertension. Following the study completion, participants were invited to join a focus group to provide feedback on the study and discuss barriers and facilitators to hypertension control. The authors used the Framework Method to analyze the data.

Results:

Community Targeting of Uncontrolled Hypertension was well received by participants, particularly the awareness of their individual blood pressure and subsequent education on risk modification. The most common facilitators for hypertension control were social support, knowing how to control hypertension, and community resources. The most common barriers to hypertension control were lack of hypertension knowledge, negative primary care experiences, and lack of disease awareness.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of barriers and facilitators can inform areas of success and opportunities for improvement in community-based hypertension programs including future renditions in CTOUCH.
Success in an Online Giving Day: The Role of Social Media in Fundraising
Authors: Bhati Abhishek , McDonnell Diarmuid
Published: August 2019

Social media platforms offer nonprofits considerable potential for crafting, supporting, and executing successful fundraising campaigns. How impactful are attempts by these organizations to utilize social media to support fundraising activities associated with online Giving Days? We address this question by testing a number of hypotheses of the effectiveness of using Facebook for fundraising purposes by all 704 nonprofits participating in Omaha Gives 2015. Using linked administrative and social media data, we find that fundraising success—as measured by the number of donors and value of donations—is positively associated with a nonprofit’s Facebook network size (number of likes), activity (number of posts), and audience engagement (number of shares), as well as net effects of organizational factors including budget size, age, and program service area. These results provide important new empirical insights into the relationship between social media utilization and fundraising success of nonprofits.
Progenitor/Stem Cell Delivery by Suprarenal Aorta Route in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Rangel Érika B. , Gomes Samirah A. , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire , Hare Joshua M.
Published: August 2019

Progenitor/stem cell-based kidney regenerative strategies are a key step towards the development of novel therapeutic regimens for kidney disease treatment. However, the route of cell delivery, e.g., intravenous, intra-arterial, or intra-parenchymal, may affect the efficiency for kidney repair in different models of acute and chronic injury. Here, we describe a protocol of intra-aorta progenitor/stem cell injection in rats following either acute ischemia-reperfusion injury or acute proteinuria induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) – the experimental prototype of human minimal change disease and early stages of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Vascular clips were applied across both renal pedicles for 35 min, or a single dose of PAN was injected via intra-peritoneal route, respectively. Subsequently, 2 x 106 stem cells [green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled c-Kit+ progenitor/stem cells or GFP-mesenchymal stem cells] or saline were injected into the suprarenal aorta, above the renal arteries, after application of a vascular clip to the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries. This approach contributed to engraftment rates of ∼10% at day 8 post ischemia-reperfusion injury, when c-Kit+ progenitor/stem cells were injected, which accelerated kidney recovery. Similar rates of engraftment were found after PAN-induced podocyte damage at day 21. With practice and gentle surgical technique, 100% of the rats could be injected successfully, and, in the week following injection, ∼ 85% of the injected rats will recover completely. Given the similarities in mammals, much of the data obtained from intra-arterial delivery of progenitor/stem cells in rodents can be tested in translational research and clinical trials with endovascular catheters in humans.
Does the Morale Impact on Employee Turnover Intention? An Empirical Investigation in the Indian Steel Industry
Authors: Verma Bhupendra Kumar , Kesari Bikrant
Published: August 2019

India’s steel sector has experienced high employee turnover in the last couple of years due to the complex business environment, such as market competition, technology up-gradation, changes in business process, and management practices. This study is first of its kind in Indian literature to address the influence of employee morale on turnover intention in the context of the Indian steel industry. The study uses statistical software packages such as SmartPLS 2.0 and IBM SPSS 20 to analyze and validate the conceptual framework. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to evaluate the model with a sample size of 386 male employees of steel firms in Chhattisgarh state, the central part of India. The study makes a twofold contribution. First, it explores the influential morale factors that explain employee turnover and measure the extent of its influence on employee turnover intention. Second, it suggests that steel firms should support their human resources either in the form of management, supervisor and co-worker support or through offering material reward and career development opportunities or reducing workload by assigning appropriate task that enhances employee morale and reduces their turnover intention within the firms.
Music Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Seminar Experience: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Baumgartner Christopher M. , Councill Kimberly H.
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine music student teachers’ (MST) perceptions of their student teaching seminar. MSTs immersed in their P -12 placements and the accompanying seminar at three state universities in the Midwest served as focus group participants. Through analysis of focus group interviews and course documents, we focused on MSTs’ perceptions of seminar purpose, structure, content, and assessment methods. Overwhelmingly, MSTs perceived the seminar as a professional learning community and a “safe place,” and they appeared to prefer frequent seminar meetings. While some MSTs felt more time per seminar was needed, others expressed difficulty in focusing after a full day of teaching. High-stakes teacher performance and portfolio assessments were a major focus of seminar content. We recommend incorporating activities into the seminar that support continued pedagogical growth and socialization into the profession.
The Autoethnographic Undertaking: A Day in Ron Pelias’ Life
Authors: Gabor Georgina Oana
Published: August 2019

Ronald Pelias revolutionizes the style of academic writing by illustrating an innovative version. He prompts academics to understand and take responsibility for the personal, engaged dimension of academic writing. Academic discourse can integrate, rather than exclude, readers’ perspectives. Autoethnography brings the “ivory tower” of the academy closer to everyday life. Pelias’s piece functions as an incentive for our own critical and (self-)revelatory engagement in our interactions with people, cultural meanings, and our own bodies. If we face up to the challenge, society becomes a place for transformation, rather than conformation—which our writing sufficiently prepares to hear our voices.
Genetic Risk Factors for Poor Cognitive Development in Children With Low Birth Weight
Authors: Blair Lisa M. , Pickler Rita H. , Gugiu P. Cristian , Ford Jodi L. , Munro Cindy L. , Anderson Cindy M.
Published: August 2019

Low birth weight is an ongoing public health problem with severe consequences for those affected, including early morbidity and mortality and elevated risk for lifelong deficits in cognitive function. These deficits can be ameliorated by early intervention in many cases. To contribute to criteria for earlier identification of at-risk children prior to the onset of delays or deficits, we examined relationships between three gene candidates— SLC6A4, BDNF, COMT—and cognitive outcomes at school age in a secondary analysis of existing data from a nationally representative cohort. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4074134, a variant of BDNF, and a rare insertion/deletion in the intron region of SLC6A4 were significant predictors of cognitive performance. Our final model predicted 17% of the variance in composite cognitive test scores among children with low birth weight at school age ( F = 96.36, p < .001, R 2 = .17). Specifically, children homozygous for cytosine at rs4074134 scored .62 standard deviations higher on a measure of global cognition than children with one or more thymine. Similarly, children with an extra-long copy number variant of SLC6A4 scored .88 standard deviations higher than children who had one or more short forms of the gene. These findings support the potential for an approach to identifying children with low birth weights who are most at need of early intervention services. Future research should focus on validation of these findings in an independent sample and confirmation of the biological mechanisms through which these genes influence cognitive development.
Influence of pelvic sagittal tilt on 3-dimensional bone coverage in total hip arthroplasty: a simulation analysis
Authors: Ueno Takuro , Kabata Tamon , Kajino Yoshitomo , Takagi Tomoharu , Ohmori Takaaki , Yoshitani Junya , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: August 2019

Background:

In total hip arthroplasty with computer navigation assistance, cup orientation is generally determined according to the coordinate system relative to the functional pelvic plane (FPP). However, there is a large difference in the cup anteversion between a posterior pelvic tilt relative to the computed tomography (CT) table in the sagittal plane and anterior pelvic tilt, even when the cup is set at the same orientation angle according to each FPP. The present study analysed this difference from the viewpoint of 3-dimensional (3D) coverage of the acetabular component (3D coverage) to determine how the 3D acetabular coverage is altered with changes in pelvic sagittal tilt.

Methods:

We analysed 3D-simulated acetabular coverage measured in 3D pelvic models reconstructed from the preoperative CT data of 50 patients. In each patient, we created 5 pelvic models with a sagittal tilt of 10° increments between 20° anterior tilt and 20° posterior tilt relative to the CT table.

Results:

We found that 3D coverage decreased as the pelvis tilted posteriorly. Particularly, there were significant differences between the pelvis with 20° anterior tilt and that with neutral tilt ( p < 0.001). There was also a difference between the pelvis with neutral tilt and that with a 20° posterior tilt ( p < 0.01). The mean decrease in 3D coverage between the pelvis with neutral tilt and that with 20° posterior tilt was 7.2 ± 1.6%.

Conclusions:

We found that 3D coverage differed among pelvis with different sagittal tilts when the cup orientation angle was determined according to FPP.
Influences of the uneven contact pressure and the initial temperature on the hot judder behavior in a multi-disc clutch
Authors: Yu Liang , Ma Biao , Kim Il yong , Li Heyan
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an investigation of the hot judder behavior in a multi-disc clutch with the uneven contact pressure and the initial temperature taken into account. Considering the actual structure of clutch, the pressure function is achieved to describe the uneven contact pressure distribution due to the circlip constraint. Moreover, the pin-on-disc test is conducted to obtain the formula of the coefficient of friction with the contact pressure, surface temperature, and rotating speed involved. The thermal and dynamic models are established and coupled to evaluate the hot judder behavior. The results demonstrate that the uneven contact pressure has a slight influence on the clutch hot judder, but it expands the radial temperature difference on the friction surface; meanwhile, the friction torque generated on the friction surface closer to the circlip is larger. Although the increase of initial temperature can shorten the clutch engagement time, the clutch hot judder will be shriller, as verified in the SAE#2 bench test. Furthermore, in order to reduce the clutch hot judder, the circlip should be optimized to smooth the radial contact pressure, and the advanced thermal management method should be applied to strengthen the clutch heat dissipation.