bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARISON ON RESULT OF LEARNING BETWEEN USING CONVENTIONAL LEARNING MODEL AND TEAM ACCELERATED INSTRUCTION SUBJECT DRAWING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN CLASS X TGB SMKN 2 SURAKARTA
Authors: Iswari Anggita Putri , Sunarsih Ernawati Sri , Thamrin A.G.
Published: April 2018

This research aims to (1) determine whether or not differences cognitive
domain between using Conventional learning model with Cooperative type Team
Accelerated Instruction model; (2) determine whether or not differences affective domain
between using Conventional learning model with Cooperative type Team Accelerated
Instruction model; (3) determine whether or not differences psychomotor domain between
using Conventional learning model with Cooperative type Team Accelerated Instruction
model on result of learning subject Drawing Building Construction in class X TGB
SMKN 2 Surakarta School Year 2016/2017.This research includes experiment research
conducted in class X TGB A and class X TGB B. The sampling technique used
nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling method. The collection of data carried
out by multiple choice test for data of student learning result in the cognitive and
observation for data of student learning result in the affective and psychomotor. The data
analysis using wilcoxon test with significance level on 0.05. Is expressed equally if
p>0.05 and both of models are expressed differently if p<0.05. The result of this
research are as follows. First, there are differences on learning result between cognitive
domain using Conventional learning model and Cooperative type Team Accelerated
Instruction model that obtained probability value of 0.000< 0,05. Second, there are
differences on learning result between affective domain using Conventional learning
model and Cooperative type Team Accelerated Instruction model that obtained
probability value of 0.000< 0.05. Third, there are differences on learning result between
psychomotor domain using Conventional learning model and Cooperative type Team
Accelerated Instruction model that obtained probability value of 0.002< 0.05.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE PAIR CHECK SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MEKANIKA TEKNIK KELAS X TGB.B SMK NEGERI 2 SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Lestari Ranika , Sukatiman Sukatiman , Agustin Rima Sri
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui model pembelajaran
kooperatif tipe Pair Check dapat meningkatkan peran aktif dalam proses
pembelajaran, (2) mengetahui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Pair Check
dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar Mekanika Teknik. Penelitian ini merupakan
Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus,
dengan tiap siklus terdiri atas perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi.
Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara,
dokumentasi, dan tes. Uji validitas data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data dan
analisis data secara analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Model
pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Pair Check dapat meningkatkan peran aktif siswa
dalam proses pembelajaran, keaktifan diskusi 17 siswa pada pra siklus, 24 siswa
pada siklus I, dan 26 siswa pada siklus II; keaktifan bertanya 14 siswa pada pra
siklus, 25 siswa pada siklus I, dan 27 siswa pada siklus II; kerjasama kelompok 16
siswa pada pra siklus, 27 siswa pada siklus I, dan 28 siswa pada siklus II (2)
Prestasi Belajar siswa: Ranah Kognitif 28,13% pada pra siklus, 65,62% pada
Siklus I dan 78,12% pada Siklus II; Ranah Afektif berpredikat Baik (B) 10 siswa
pada pra siklus, berpredikat Sangat Baik (SB) 3 siswa dan berpredikat Baik (B)
20 siswa pada Siklus I, dan berpredikat Sangat Baik (SB) 10 siswa dan 19 siswa
berpredikat Baik (B) pada Siklus II; Ranah Psikomotorik 43,75% pada pra siklus,
65,62% pada Siklus I dan 81,25% pada Siklus II. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah
penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Pair Check dapat meningkatkan
peran aktif siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Penerapan model pembelajaran
kooperatif teknik Pair Check dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas X
TGB.B SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta pada mata pelajaran Mekanika Teknik.
Kata Kunci: Mekanika Teknik, Pair Check, Prestasi Belajar
SENAM OTAK BERBASIS GERAK TRADISI KOORDINASI ASIMETRIS BAGI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS
Authors: Triana Dinny Devi , Husni Eddy
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT: Brain gymnastic is a collection of simple movements that aim to connect or unite the mind and body through kinesiology educational process. Kinesiology is a science that studies body movement and the relationship between muscle and posture to brain function. The motion of the limbs that is emphasized in brain gymnastics is a cross movement. The movement moves the extremes on one side of the body intersecting the midline and coordinates with the extremes on the other side of the body so that both hemispheres are used at the same time. Gymnastics of the brain in special needs children (simple children needs) as a child slow or slow (retarded) that will never succeed in school as children in general. Thus the basis of the need for bridal gymnastics is devoted to special needs of children who have been learning difficulties or concentrating disorders, and do not have a good focus on observing everything, so there needs to be a drill or balance exercise of coordination and asymmetric movements or crosses to optimize focus and his concentration.

 

ABSTRAK: Senam otak merupakan kumpulan gerakan-gerakan sederhana yang bertujuan menghubungkan atau menyatukan akal dan tubuh melalui proses edukasi kinesiologi. Kinesiologi merupakan suatu ilmu yang mempelajari gerakan tubuh dan hubungan antara otot dan postur terhadap fungsi otak. Gerak anggota tubuh yang ditekankan pada senam otak adalah gerakan menyilang. Gerakan tersebut menggerakkan ekstremitas pada satu sisi tubuh menyilang garis tengah dan berkoordinasi dengan ekstremitas pada sisi tubuh yang lain sehingga kedua hemisfer dipergunakan pada saat yang bersamaan. Senam otak pada anak kebutuhan khusus (special needs children) secara simple sebagai anak yang lambat (slow) atau mengalami gangguan (retarded) yang tidak akan pernah berhasil di sekolah sebagaimana anak-anak pada umumnya. Dengan demikian dasar kebutuhan adanya senam otak dikhususkan pada anak kebutuhan khusus yang mengalami kesulitan belajar atau gangguan berkonsentrasi, dan tidak memiliki fokus yang baik dalam mengamati segala hal, sehingga perlu adanya drill atau latihan keseimbangan gerak-gerak koordinasi dan asimetris atau menyilang untuk mengoptimalkan fokus dan konsentrasinya.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Labral Tears
Authors: Cagle Paul J. , Olujimi Victor , Parsons Bradford O.
Published: April 2018

* With regard to anterior and inferior labral tears, arthroscopic repairs have demonstrated results similar to those of open repairs but with less soft-tissue dissection. Glenoid bone defects should be carefully examined and considered in preoperative planning. Large glenoid defects should be treated with acute repair or a bone-restoring procedure. A period of immobilization should be utilized after arthroscopic repair. Ligamentous laxity and other risk factors for failure after arthroscopic repair must be considered preoperatively.

* With regard to superior labral tears, patients who are ≥36 years of age should be considered for other procedures such as a biceps tenodesis or biceps tenotomy.

* With regard to posterior labral tears, tears may present with pain with or without instability symptoms. Arthroscopic repairs offer substantially less need for dissection and lead to less morbidity when compared with open repairs. Over 90% of athletes treated with posterior labral repair may return to their preoperative level of play.
Simeón ("del desierto") y el vino triste hecho carne alegre...
Authors: Muñoz López de Lerma Felicia María
Published: April 2018

This article analyzes in detail Luis Buñuel’s film Simón del desierto, according to sources related to Egyptian monasticism and taking into account some literary works known by the Spanish director. Therefore, it focuses on the pictorial, historical and literary intertextuality of the film, emphasizing also the scenes in which the cinematographic technique reveals contents. The director’s ideology, that can be traced back from his “autobiography”, Mon dernier soupir, is also considered, as well as its reflection in the film. Finally, the paper addresses Buñuel’s connection with the surrealist movement and how all these circumstances affect to his interpretation, his parody of the History of Christianity, and also his conception of Christian religion.
“Poesía obligatoria”: Entrevista a Luis Alberto de Cuenca
Authors: Laguna Mariscal Gabriel
Published: April 2018

Interview to Spanish poet Luis Alberto de Cuenca, about the role of poetry in life.
“My capacities and talents can only be expressed by my pen”: Linguistic aspects and literary discourse in Aphra Behn's history of Isabella and Villenoys
Authors: Torralbo Caballero Juan de Dios
Published: April 2018

This paper frames Aphra Behn’s mastery through The History of the Nun in order to single out the outstanding discursive and linguistic strategies from the beginning until Villenoys’s departure. This study highlights the interrelationship between the morphosyntactic tools and the semantic techniques to illustrate the author’s intention within the context of her work. This close reading allows us to scrutinize a few samples of lexical and semantic groupings as well as some homophonic puns found along the story without leaving aside the valuable writer’s purpose. It also explores the narrative geographies, the chronological coordinates and the historical landmarks that generate a very realistic scenario which paves the way towards the emergence of the English novel.
The tragedy of Túrin Turambar and Sophocles' Oedipus Rex in the narrative of J.R.R. Tolkien
Authors: Librán Moreno Miryam
Published: April 2018

An analysis of the influence of Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex on J. R. R. Tolkien’s narratives about Túrin Turambar.
The Nymph Kyllene in Tony Harrison’s "The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus"
Authors: González Pérez Leticia
Published: April 2018

Tony Harrison’s play The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus, chosen as one of the 100 best plays of the 20th century by the National Theatre Millennium Poll, came in from the desire to bring the Greek genre of satyr play back to stage, since there are scarce satyr plays when compared with the amount of classical tragedies and comedies. The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus is a reworking of the papyri fragments of the satyr play Ichneutae (Trackers) by Sophocles, which was inspired by the Homeric Hymn to Hermes. This paper analyses Tony Harrison’s version performed at Delphi (1988), focusing on the importance of the role of the nymph Kyllene. Although she neither appears in the Homeric Hymn nor plays a leading role in either Sophocles’ version or Harrison’s, she represents a noticeable theatrical contrast with the satyrs, who feature heavily in Sophocles’ Ichneutae and Harrison’s version. Therefore, the character of Kyllene will be examined to find out which elements from the Homeric Hymn to Hermes and Sophocles’ Ichneutae Tony Harrison has kept and which ones he has modified. Furthermore, I will study the reasons why he has carried out these changes and conclude with an interpretive analysis of Harrison’s play.
Accounting Teachers’ Quality of Use of Pre-Tertiary Accounting Curriculum in Ghana’s Secondary Schools
Authors: Kwarteng Joseph Tufuor
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to gauge the quality of use of pre-tertiary Accounting curriculum in Ghana’s secondary schools using Concerns-Based Adoption Model Level of Use as a proxy. Using an equivalent status sequential mixed methods design, 155 out of a population of 402 senior high school accounting teachers were selected at random to participate in the study. Both Levels of Use Questionnaire and Interview Guides were used to collect data. All the teachers responded to the questionnaire. Out of the 155, only 30 of them were selected on purpose to participate in the interview. Data was analysed with help of frequencies, percentages, and themes. The study found that even though most teachers implemented the accounting curriculum sustainably, others’ use of the curriculum was mediocre. The quality of use of the curriculum was shaped by teachers’ perceived relevance of the curriculum, level of difficulty of topics, availability of teaching aids, interest of the teacher, availability of curriculum materials, and freedom offered teachers to implement the curriculum.
PAM Day: Department of Performing Arts Medicine, University College London, 17 June 2017.
Authors: Trouli Hara
Published: April 2018

On 17 June 2017 the first PAM DAY was launched at the Institute of Sport Exercise and Health in London. This was organised by the Department of Performing Arts Medicine which is part of the Division of Surgery and Interventional Science at University College London. The Department runs
a Master’s Programme in Performing Arts Medicine, and faculty and graduates of the course put together an event to bring awareness of Performing Arts Medicine to the medical profession, the performance educators, and the professionals in the arts.
Oil Spill Cleaning and Recovery by Polyurethane Sponge Coated with Silane Molecules
Authors: Dadhich Sagar , Lalu Lijo P
Published: April 2018

With oil becoming scarcer and more expensive, The oil and gas industry may now shift in favour of most neglected area that is cleaning and recovery of oil from oil spills. Oil spills can be costly for companies and for the environment. The conventional methods of cleaning of an oil spill,are use of booms,skimmers Insitu Burning, and centrifuges. But these containment and conventional methods have not been successful as nearly 60000 barrels of oil get released into water every day. However these methods can be replaced with polyurethane foams that can help in removing the oil out of water through sorption. The paper presents an approach to solve this problem by use of porous material that not only absorbs oil effectively but also provide a way to recover the spilled oil. It is believed to have potential to replace present sorbents which are used commercially.
Getting to Zero and Beyond
Authors: Hinton J. Jack , Glencross Colette M. , Zamora Tony , Knode Tom , Dingee Andrew
Published: April 2018

The Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Technical Report, "Getting to Zero and Beyond: The Path Forward" sets the stage for continuing the discussion across the industry of the essential items the industry must undertake attain and sustain zero harm.

Between 2009 and 2016, the SPE facilitated a series of global sessions to develop ideas for the continued improvement of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) in the industry. These sessions brought together leaders from across the oil and gas industry, government, and academia representing diverse disciplines to discuss a simple question: How can the oil and gas industry achieve zero harm? The diverse group of participants generated many valuable ideas for a "step change" in performance, and they precipitated alignment around a vision of safety, specifically the expectation of zero harm.

What the participants identified and the authors emphasize is that the industry must unequivocally set an expectation of zero harm and urgently commence with the required breakthrough in thinking, collaboration and an approach to achieve zero.

For the industry, this includes the following: Define a safety vision in which zero is an attainable expectation today - not a future goal.Learn from other industries mature in human factors with the expressed intent to progress the application of human factors across the oil and gas industry.De-emphasize lagging performance indicators (injury rates) and utilize more leading indicators to ensure a progressive and preventative focus on the effectiveness of safeguards and risk reduction.Establish a no-risk-to-sharing culture - a commitment of collaboration - across the industry with the expressed intent to overcome perceived risks and competition barriers.Remove barriers to open sharing of lessons learned from major incidents, high-potential near misses and projects where, although complex and with considerable risk, the work was executed without incidents.Work with regulators to ensure they can match the best minds in industry so competent discussions about the risk-management strategies are occurring.

For individual companies the actions include: Realize an interdependent HSE culture demonstrated by a commitment to a collaborative environment and consistent safety culture at the worksite regardless of company position (operator, service company, specialty contractor).Achieve operational ownership of HSE.Ensure sustainable HSE leadership.

Ensuring an industry-wide commitment to the expectation of zero harm will be additive to the ongoing efforts of companies integrating elements of human factors to improve human performance. These efforts are aligned to High Reliability Organizations (HROs) and are an important evolutionary step for oil and gas companies to reach and maintain a sustainable "Getting to Zero" culture. It is this culture that helps make the expectation of zero harm attainable.
Applications of Mixed Reality in Process Safety and Operational Integrity
Authors: Kulkarni Ashish , Kulkarni Amey
Published: April 2018

In proposing a modern approach to process industry operational integrity management, a question that often surfaces is "What is the most complex activity within operational integrity management that affects performance, productivity and efficiency?". There are variety of answers to this question, one answer being "Human limitations in conceiving data to make informed decisions". The objective of this presentation is to outlines the key benefits of mixed reality platforms in presenting data to managers, operators and maintenance personnel working in an Oil & Gas facility.

Process industry in the past did not generate as much data as it does today. With the amount of data generated every day, it is necessary to innovate so as to analyze data and visually represent them thereby providing a "total immersive knowledge". In light of the recent developments in mixed reality platforms, it is now possible to use this technology to visually present data focused around the needs of humans. Using mixed reality, one can merge the view of real equipment of a plant with a virtual world of data, simulation and instructions, such that both the physical and digital world co-exist.

Few of the applications of this technology in the Oil & Gas industry are 1) providing safe operations, maintenance and repair instructions real time 2) monitor, record and analyze data real time during inspections 3) visualize data outside the control room 4) effectively train personnel during visits 5) analyze trends and predict outcomes 6) share data with managers, vendors for efficient decisions.

The presentation outlines the key benefits of mixed reality platforms such as Microsoft Hololens in presenting data to managers, operators and maintenance personnel working in an Oil & Gas facility. The presentation will also discuss findings of a sponsored pilot project where mixed reality was implemented. At the end, the presentation will also raise the current challenges and possible solutions in successfully implementing such technologies.
Elements and Enablers of Low-Emissions Pathways
Authors: Fawcett M. S. , Bajo L. Perez , Herbertson J. A.
Published: April 2018

Meeting the challenge of climate change requires worldwide action from all sectors of society. Throughout this transition, oil and gas will have a role to play within the mix of energy sources to meet the need for affordable and clean energy products and services.

IPIECA has identified a list of common elements and enablers of future pathways that most projected low-emissions pathways shared. The resulting paper considers the near- and long-term aims of the Paris Agreement, along with the challenges to address climate change whilst meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Further to this, the current energy system is explored in order to provide a basis to evaluate the common elements of the multiple pathways to a low-emissions future. The three common elements of an energy system transition are: improving efficiency; reducing emissions from the power generation; and deploying alternative low-emission options in end-use sectors. The common enablers of a low-emissions pathways identified are: collaboration, effective policy and the availability of finance. This paper explores in detail these elements and examines key technologies to support this transition. The role of the oil and gas industry in meeting the long-terms aims of the Paris Agreement is also outlined. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges on addressing climate change in the context of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals and provides a perspective on the role of the oil and gas industry as enablers of pathways to meet a low-emissions future.
Modeling Offshore Drill Cuttings Discharge
Authors: Zhang Changyong
Published: April 2018

Offshore discharge of drill cuttings is an important waste management option for the oil and gas industry. The objective of this paper is to describe results of a numerical simulation study of drill cuttings dispersion in the ocean environment and accumulation on the seabed.

The Offshore Operators Committee Mud and Produced Water Discharge Model (OOC Model) was used to simulate drill cuttings dispersion and seabed accumulation. The model was set up to simulate discharge from a 17-day drilling operation in three water depths (37 m, 65 m, and 502 m). Key input parameters to the OOC model include ocean current conditions, drill cuttings particle fall velocity, water column salinity and temperature. Drill cuttings drilled with non-aqueous drilling fluids (NADF) were treated with solid control technology followed by secondary treatment technology. Particle fall velocity was measured using a fall velocity test rig consisting of a 15-foot high settling column. Ocean currents, water column salinity and temperature were obtained from a field measurement campaign in northern Gulf of Mexico.

Simulation results showed that impacts on the seabed are limited to approximately between 100 and 400 m radius from the discharge point for all three water depths. Ocean current speed and direction during the drilling operation play an important role in predicting spatial accumulation of drill cuttings and hydrocarbon loadings on the seabed within a 4000 m × 4000 m simulation domain. Particle fall velocity and water depths are two important factors that also affect drill cuttings accumulation on the seabed. In the two shallow water locations, 85% and 93% of the total discharged drill cuttings settled in the simulation domain, respectively. In the deep water location, approximately 54% of the drill cuttings settled.

This paper presents results from a comprehensive modeling study of offshore drill cuttings dispersion and deposition using realistic conditions. Measured ocean current conditions and particle fall velocity enabled more realistic predictions of drill cuttings fate and transport in the marine environment. This study demonstrates the value of dispersion modeling in the offshore environmental impact assessments: better understanding potential impacts from marine discharges of drilling waste, providing guidance on pre- and post-drilling monitoring field studies and in the decision making process of drill cutting management options.
Integration of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals into Service Company Sustainability Reporting: Material Issues for the Triple Bottom Line
Authors: James Alexander
Published: April 2018

The United Nation (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have recently been integrated into corporate sustainability reporting of public companies across multiple industry sectors. This paper examines lessons learned that can be applied by the oil and gas services sector as it implements the SDGs. The perspectives of essential external stakeholders are reviewed and the question of which SDGs are material for the sector is addressed.
Establishing Guidance for Contractor Fitness for Duty
Authors: Irikannu Ugochi
Published: April 2018

The Contractor Fitness for Duty Guidance establishes a standardized approach to ensuring that contractors are fit to perform their duties while working with Chevron. It communicates FFD expectations to contractor companies. In scope of the Contractor FFD Guidance are: all contractors (staff augmentation and CHESM) in safety sensitive positions; contractors that will perform medium to high risk profile activities within Chevron’s Operational Excellence Data and Reporting Standard (OEDRS) function: for 30 consecutive days or more at a non-remote location or offshore or remote locations regardless of time; and contractor expatriates going to offshore or remote locations regardless of safety sensitive or risk profile level. A gap assessment was conducted to determine business needs and to help establish the objectives and scope of the FFD guidance. An international and multidisciplinary core team comprised of Medical and HES SMEs was formed to develop company guidelines. Extensive stakeholder engagement and vetting was conducted to ensure that adequate input was obtained. The Contractor FFD Guidance establishes:▪Contractor company minimum FFD program recommendation▪Recommendation for use of reliable medical resources and facilities▪Recommendation to maintain records in compliance with data privacy regulations▪FFD program audit recommendations▪Pre-placement, for-cause, Transfer, and return to work exams▪Minimum physical exam components▪Drug and Alcohol monitoring program

Offshore/Remote location considerations and medical clearance process were also addressed. Ongoing robust communication is required to ensure that guidance is communicated internally within the company to internal stakeholders and externally to contractor companies.
Digital Transformation: Social Impact Assessment and Management
Authors: Brusset Emery , Grunenberg Kristina
Published: April 2018

Presentation of a project combining Monitoring and Evaluation with Digitalisation to SPE.

New investments in conflict or fragile settings require impact evaluation methods that are particularly apt at understanding the context. Digital technologies, when combined with good design, create new opportunities.

Assessing and managing impact is about making the link between very local actions and broader change. Our goal is to track and communicate the implication of project impact goals, in real time, through digital technologies. We see the growth of digital technologies and infrastructures of communication as an opportunity to produce and communicate socially useful information, and to ensure stakeholder participation in new ways.
Barrier Analysis & Strengthening to Eliminate Road Traffic Accidents in Oil Fields
Authors: Tayab Muhammad R , Villapil Suhail , Kashwani Ghanim
Published: April 2018

Road safety continues to be one of the great challenges facing upstream/downstream oil & gas companies. Since 2001, ADNOC Onshore has consistently improved its road safety performance and achieved its best performance in 2008 by recording Vehicle Accident Frequency (VAF) of 0.11. However, due to increased number of vehicles, induction of new drivers and increasing journey distances, the road safety performance has become a challenge to both ADNOC Onshore and its contractors. Drilling operations are risky activities due to its nature and driving, as one of the support services, is one of the riskiest activities

In 2014, various initiatives were adopted, following an increased number of road traffic accidents (RTAs), to enhance road safety performance for drilling function through a barrier analysis approach. This approach included: Identification of key barriersAssessing strength of barriersAssessing effectiveness of barriers after strengthening

One of the major risks in Oil & Gas Operations is injuries from Road Traffic Accidents. Drilling locations are situated in remote locations with access through Blacktop, sand and Gatch Roads driving over 25 Million kilometers (65 trips to moon) annually using both light and heavy vehicles to run 24 hour operations. Since 2014, key efforts (monitoring, assurance & governance) exerted to strengthening of barriers to prevent road traffic accidents, which initiated a behavioural change among drivers and resulted on a sharp decline in Vehicle Accident Frequency (VAF) from 0.35 in 2014 to 0.1 in 2017. In 2018, Q1 due to weakening of these barriers, VAF increased.
Just Culture & Root Cause Analysis – A Necessary Marriage
Authors: Perkinson Larry
Published: April 2018

Objective

In a "Just Culture" open reporting of incidents and near misses are encouraged and even rewarded. There is recognition that errors are usually produced by system failures and that we need these incidents reported for the sake of organizational learning and process improvement. Such a culture also requires that individuals be held responsible and accountable for their actions. The difficulty comes in balancing these two seemingly opposing concepts in such a way that employees see a fair and transparent system. This presentation describes how systematic root cause analysis addresses the tension between organizational and personal accountability and makes a Just Culture possible.

Methods & Procedures

A review was made of current accountability (or culpability) models commonly used in implementing a Just Culture. The shared elements of these models were extracted and reviewed alongside a well-known expert system for root cause analysis (RCA). Most of the models use a series of questions to help determine the degree of organizational or personal accountability. The expert RCA system was used as a guide to help answer these questions.

Results & Conclusions

The expert RCA system provided a consistent methodology to answer questions from the models. One of the most important aspects of developing a Just Culture is a fair and transparent system. The use of the expert system provided a simple and transparent structure and framework for answering the questions in the various models that produced a consistent and reliable result. It was much more likely that different people using the system would come to the same conclusion, making the system equally fair to everyone.

Novel & Additive Information

Use of such an expert system provides many benefits to the organization in that the practitioners can use it as a root cause model for any type of undesired event or problem solving.
Smart Automated Designs for Better HSE Performance
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Adnan
Published: April 2018

The ADGAS plant facilities include three LNG trains (Trains-1 & 2 commissioned in 1977 and Train-3 commissioned in 1994), Offshore Associated Gas (OAG) and Integrated Gas Development (IGD) facilities along with utilities and other associated facilities such as storage tankage, jetties for export of the products, etc. The gas feedstock comes from various offshore oil and gas fields surrounding Das Island. The feed gas, delivered to the plant at different pressure levels is compressed through different stages and purified before liquefaction. The feed gas contains impurities like CO2 (Carbon Di Oxide) and H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide), which are removed by gas sweetening process. H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide), removed by the sweetening process is converted into liquid Sulphur in the Sulphur Recovery Units. After sweetening, the hydrocarbon gas mixture is cooled in stages followed by fractionation and liquefaction to produce different hydrocarbon products ranging from LNG (a mixture of methane and ethane) to Paraffinic Naphtha.
Full-Scale Testing of Gravity Displacement with Heavy Fluid in Well Annulus to Stop Gas Migration and Reinstate Operations Safety
Authors: Demirci Efecan , Wojtanowicz Andrew K.
Published: April 2018

Casing Pressure (CP) and Annular Casing Pressure (ACP) is a common well integrity problem, and if cannot be permenantly bled down, it may lead to failure of casing head or casing shoe causing operational risks and environmental pollution. CP or ACP can be caused by gas migration from the top of leaking cement or shallow gas formations, and its removal is necessary to continue well's operation.

The conventional mechanical removal methods require a rig and long lasting field applications, and are considered expensive. Alternative method involves displacing the drilling mud in the well with an immiscible heavier fluid to increase the hydrostatic pressure on top of leaking zone and stop the gas leakage. To date, pilot tests provided a useful insight for the method, though, effectiveness of the method remained unknown for real well applications. For the purpose, a full-size test was conducted in a pressurized 2750-foot well. The operational parameters (i.e. injection rate, duration, heavy fluid volume) were designed based on the learnings from the pilot tests and a numerical fluid transport model that would predict the velocity of heavy fluid column moving downwards in the mud column was developed.

As a result, average density in the well could be increased from 8.5 to 9.05 ppg. The analysis of the results shows that high injection rates, especially where pump pulsation is present, may lead to heavy fluid dispersion that, forms two fluids emulsion and stops the displacement process. In addition, gradual bleeding-off of surface pressure invokes more gas release from the cement top that leads to flotation and reversal of heavy gravity settling of droplets. For a successful displacement, injection rate and well-head pressure must be controlled over the whole operation.

The paper discusses the full-scale experiment design, operational problems, and provides analysis of the process performance described by a simple model of gravity settling and pump pulsation effect. The presented study contributes to the development of a novel well-intervention technique that is considerably cheaper than mechanical methods.
Prevention is Key: Achieving Optimal Health in the Workplace
Authors: Tauzin R. , Pachiyannakis A. K.
Published: April 2018

Cancer, diabetes, and heart disease are occurring at alarming rates in the region. Our company's aim is to help employees avoid these diseases before they happen by encouraging them to practice prevention and improve their health. We have implemented an innovative approach to health through our flagship holistic health and wellness program, the Health Monitoring Management System (HMMS).

The HMMS is designed to assess the fitness of every employee and promote wellness and disease prevention from a holistic point of view. Private consultations with a holistic doctor are provided to all employees to evaluate their health, diet, and lifestyle. Significant emphasis is then placed on educating employees throughout their service on practicing disease prevention and leading healthy lifestyles. Education is achieved through mandatory health workshops, quarterly wellness campaigns, daily SMS, health improvement programs, and frequent health-related activities. Periodic medical evaluations are also performed on employees to follow their progress throughout their employment.

Through our HMMS program, we are able to take a sample of 524 current employees that have been in employment with the company since before January 1st 2010. The data shows that 42 of these employees have improved in category and made positive changes to their health. This means they have either moved from category 3 to category 2 or category 2 to category 1 (categories defined in the "classification" section). The data also shows that 47 of these employees have quit smoking. Also, 47% have reduced their weight, 52% have improved their blood sugar levels, and 50% have decreased their cholesterol levels. Since implementation of the HMMS 15 years ago, the statistics demonstrate that our workforce is becoming healthier.

The HMMS has extended its influence beyond our company's employees to reach families, clients, suppliers, visitors, and the community. Some of the initiatives include "Know Your Body" training, Health Week, Healthy Lifestyle coaching, cooking healthy, understanding food labels, detox programs, and sports. Taking this holistic approach to corporate wellness is a proactive method that aids in maintaining a more productive and healthier workforce.
An Integrated Approach to Manage Drilling Waste to Minimise Environmental Impacts
Authors: Tayab Muhammad R , Kashwani Ghanim , Sandra Dewi Novita , Ali Etehad Abou , Mohammed Tariq Hasan , Alhammami Mohamed Awadh
Published: April 2018

Managing environmental impacts associated with drilling is a challenge to oil & gas ompanies and in recent year more efforts are exerted in increasing production levels hence increasing drilling activities and associated environmental concerns. Key environmental issues associated with onshore drilling activities include release to the atmosphere & groundwater and generation of hazardous wastes. Over the last few years, ADCO has intensified its drilling activities to meet challenging production targets and over the last 10 years number of drilled wells has almost doubled. In order to minimize environmental impacts of drilling activities addressing environmental issues became central to work planning and regarded as a business objective. The majority of drilling wastes includes drilling fluids & cuttings and if these are not managed effectively they may result into soil & groundwater contamination and could harm to biota.

In order to minimize the environmental impact of drilling waste an integratedwaste management scheme was developed to implement Zero Discharge and 100% HSE concepts from drilling locations and this scheme includes:

Two waste disposal wells for Water Based Mud (WBM) for injection in the deeper aquifers. Reconditioning of Oil Based Mud (OBM) at reconditioning plant for reuse Thermal Desorption Unit (TDU) for treating OBM Cuttings

In 2017, approximately a Million feet of wells were drilled resulting in generation of 200,000 tons of WBM cuttings and 40000 tons of OBM cuttings. OBM Cuttings were treated at TDU and 12000 bbls of oil was recovered. In addition, approximately 100 K bbl. of waste WBM and other drilling fluids were injected in deeper formation. 99.9% of oil from OBM cuttings is reclaimed as a fuel and the final inert material used for manufacturing cement blocks. The outcome the solution is converting drilling hazardous wastes through 100 % recycling into environmentallyfriendly and beneficially-used products. The concept of 3Rs- Reduce, reuse& recycle is applied for managing drilling waste to protect the environment.
Wireless Area Telemetry Network for Gas Detection: Indigenous Product Development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hussein M. T. , Shaikh U. A. , Mudawwar F. M. , Khayyat I. M.
Published: April 2018

A high-profile VIP compound in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, required monitoring of methane levels at 102 points due to excessive leaks in their underground natural gas delivery network. A wireless data acquisition and monitoring solution was developed for this purpose with the objective of reducing infrastructure work and cost, and decreasing human dependence for detecting and monitoring gas leaks, while maintaining reliability compared to traditional wired gas detection safety solutions.

To attain this objective, a state-of-the-art wireless data acquisition and monitoring system was designed, developed, and then implemented at the site. A wireless network utilizing VHF band was deployed as the system backbone. The system's advanced wireless detection modules with gas sensors were installed at each monitoring point. These detection modules reported to the fully redundant system controllers which were designed in-house, with information and alarms displayed at strategically placed monitoring stations to alert the trained personnel to take immediate action.

Establishing a stable wireless RF network allowed for a continuous stream of real-time data to the controllers from each gas sensor and an immediate alert of any gas releases. Historical data logs of the sensors allowed for identification of high risk points in the natural gas delivery network. SMS and email notifications were made available to further guarantee a prompt emergency response. Moreover, each advanced wireless detection module also allowed for monitoring of sensor and system diagnostics using proprietary analytics algorithms, thus allowing for timely preventive maintenance personnel to be deployed by the system operator and increasing system reliability and decreasing down-time.

This case study presents an overview of the design of a wireless safety system for the monitoring of a highly dense area installed with gas sensors and analyzes its reliability and performance. The case study outlines how such innovative wireless solutions can be utilized to provide communities with peace of mind while keeping infrastructure requirements relatively low.
Search and Rescue Operations for Logistic, Drilling and Seismic Operations in Dense Jungle in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Albert David
Published: April 2018

Papua New Guinea (hereinafter referred as PNG), the land of the unexpected. Around 7 million of PNG nationals are spread on more than 600 islands. There, 800 languages are spoken. This represents 12% of the total number of languages spoken in the world. Here 65% of the land area is covered by rainforest. There, studies in biodiversity estimate that in PNG shelters over 5% of the world's biodiversity. The relief of the main island and the high number of islands explains the isolation of various tribes, clans and ethnicities. Only a few areas are fitted with basic infrastructure (paved roads, dispensaries, public or domestic lighting and running water). If in the main cities, efforts have been done these last years to provide the minimum to the maximum of people, in the villages, if primary schools are sometimes functioning the rest of the public infrastructure is inexistent. One of the main issue being the public health. Only 21 public hospitals located in the main towns are functioning, but they do not offer the same level of medical service. To compensate this lack of facility, private hospitals, clinics or dispensary opened, but access to medical care remains expensive in PNG and a lot of people wait till the last moment to present themselves to an hospital, hoping to would avoid the expenses. This said, at least two international medical suppliers have opened clinic with the will of offering care to the greatest number with an affordable price, but this remains not enough. In addition, the limited road infrastructure of this country limits very much the development of the countryside, and consequently the medical one. On the main island, there is only 3000 kilometers of paved road shared between the main mountain ridge, one network on each side but no link in between (for a country of the size of Sweden or Cameroon). The majority of the islands are not equipped with asphalted roads. Logistic, then, is a real daily challenge for the inhabitants. They rely on mixed means of transport, feet, canoes or in the best case, collective motorized transport means (PMV).

In 2014, Total created an Exploration & Production affiliate, Total E&P PNG with offices located in Port Moresby. The creation of this affiliate was directly linked to the acquisition of 40% of the shares of the onshore block PRL-15. This block is located in the East of the Gulf Province (North West of Port Moresby). One of its main characteristic is its remoteness. In this area, people are used to travel by foot or in canoes, trips to markets or Province Capital hospital can last days.
Early Detection as a Tool to Bridge Prevention and Response Barriers for Oil Spills
Authors: Jara E.. , Pueyo A.. , Gómez J. P. , Perez-Lepe A.. , Borao M..
Published: April 2018

Minimizing the footprint of marine operations in the O&G sector is of uttermost importance to ensure business sustainability. Oil spills due to a number of activities and hazards are one of the major concerns offshore. Risk assessments must carefully cover all possible control and recovery barriers and the appropriate response resources must be kept on guard against any event. The likelihood, consequences and vulnerability of the affected area shape the risk in any possible oil spill. Spillage rate and time of release depicture to a great extent the consequences of the spill, thus an early detection is crucial to minimize impact as well as to help reduce reaction time and resources scale for the responders.

An early detection tool was satisfactorily put in place either in offshore production rig and maritime terminal, with specific capabilities for automated (unmanned) detection, 24/7 recording, remote surveillance, alarm logging and very low threshold detection level in adverse weather conditions. This means a digital transformation in the surveillance of marine operations allowing the exploitation of data to get the information needed to improve Safety in operations. With a threefold approach for innovative environmental protection, asset risk/integrity assessment and transparency culture promotion, a detection system was co-developed by operator and vendor to meet assets and operations needs and produce a tailor-made product. Such a novel system combines wide-coverage radars together with high-precision infrared cameras commanded and integrated by intelligent algorithms. Lessons learnt out of event reporting from this tool will be shared to help reinforce the link between prevention and response policies and protocols.

Key tactical information for quick response, resources optimization, routine/critical operations monitoring, and real-time data sharing either internally or with third parties is yielded out of the System (HEADS) as a new input for a holistic and proactive approach towards asset protection.