bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audiological Considerations for Managing Mild Bilateral or Unilateral Hearing Loss in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Bagatto Marlene
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This clinical focus article describes considerations for recommending assistive hearing technology to infants and young children who have mild bilateral or unilateral hearing loss. These conditions present special challenges compared to bilateral permanent hearing losses that are moderate to profound in their degree in that the recommendation to proceed with technology is not as clear.

Conclusion

Current clinical practice guidelines and protocols for pediatric hearing aid fitting recommend managing these conditions on a case-by-case basis. Descriptions of key considerations for recommending assistive hearing technology for infants and young children with mild bilateral hearing loss or unilateral hearing loss are offered herein.
GaSb‐based heterostructure with buried vacuum pocket photonic crystal layer
Authors: Liu R. , Shterengas L. , Stein A. , Kipshidze G. , Jiang J. , Hosoda T. , Belenky G.
Published: January 2020

The vacuum pocket retaining molecular beam epitaxial regrowth of the nano‐patterned GaSb surface was demonstrated. The high contrast 2D photonic crystal layer was incorporated into the test 2 µm emitting laser heterostructure. The photonic dispersion determined from angle‐resolved electroluminescence experiment showed four well‐resolved bands corresponding to the model predictions for the square lattice. The single‐mode lasing near 2 µm has been observed at the temperature corresponding to the alignment of the photonic crystal band‐edge states and the quantum well gain peak. The reference devices without the photonic crystal layer emitted trivial spectra and did not lase at any temperature.
Active frequency selective surface with tunable and switchable properties based on loaded split ring slots
Authors: Esparza‐Aguilar T.E. , Rodriguez‐Cuevas J. , Martynyuk A.E. , Martinez‐Lopez J.I.
Published: January 2020

An active frequency selective surface (AFSS) with reconfigurable tunable and switchable properties is studied in this Letter. The AFSS unit cell consists of a split ring slot resonator loaded with a varactor diode. The proper biasing of the varactor diode enables diverse functional modes. The proposed AFSS with a single control device in each unit cell demonstrates transmitting and reflecting properties in two operating bands. Additionally, in one of the bands, the tuning of the resonant frequency is achieved in a transmission window. A unit cell active diaphragm at X‐band has been designed and fabricated to characterise the AFSS based on the waveguide simulator. The measured results, using the waveguide simulator approach, show either a transmitting tunable or reflecting response in the lower band with resonant frequencies from 9.002 to 9.354 GHz and a transmitting or reflecting response in the upper band at the centre frequency of 11.87 GHz.
Collimation of diverged beam using a cylindrical lens in a silicon‐based end‐fire optical phased array
Authors: Yoon H. , Kim Y. , Shim J.‐S. , Park H.‐H.
Published: January 2020

The authors demonstrate the collimation of a vertically diverged beam emitted from a silicon‐based end‐fire optical phased array (OPA) using an aspheric cylindrical lens. A micro‐cylindrical lens with a numerical aperture of 0.8 was placed near the focal length in front of an 1 × 16 end‐fire OPA with a half‐wavelength (775 nm) radiator array pitch for a 1550 nm wavelength. The lens provided a great collimation effect, reducing the vertical divergence angle from 95.6° to 6.7° during horizontal beam steering over ±30°. The horizontal divergence angle showed some expansion, from 7.6° to 10°, due to the angle‐dependant curvature of the lens and the distance to the lens surface.
Internal model control of valve‐controlled asymmetric cylinder system based on sectional neural network inverse system
Authors: Zeng Le , Yang Jun , Tan Jianping
Published: January 2020

In order to improve the control performance of the valve‐controlled asymmetric cylinder system with negative overlap, it is proposed that the complex nonlinear system is transformed into a linear system based on the neural network inverse system. The structure of the inverse system is been constructed by the state model of the system, and optimised by adding state parameter feedback. So the pseudo‐linear system is reduced to second order. An improved back‐propagation neural network based on a genetic algorithm is used to solve the inverse model. Aiming at the problem of negative overlap of servo valves and laminar and turbulent flow, the sectional inverse system switched by reference speed is established to improve the accuracy of the inverse system model. For pseudo‐linear systems, an internal model controller is designed to improve the control performance of the composite system. The proportion–integration–differentiation and the internal model control (IMC) of the sectional inverse system are compared with that of AMESIM and Simulink joint platform. The results show that the system controlled by the IMC of the sectional inverse system has better response performance, eliminates the asymmetric characteristics in extending and retracting motion response and is less affected by load fluctuation.
Extending the variability selection of active galactic nuclei in the W-CDF-S and SERVS/SWIRE region
Authors: Poulain M. , Paolillo M. , De Cicco D. , Brandt W. N. , Bauer F. E. , Falocco S. , Vagnetti F. , Grado A. , Ragosta F. , Botticella M. T. , Cappellaro E. , Pignata G. , Vaccari M. , Schipani P. , Covone G. , Longo G. , Napolitano N. R.
Published: January 2020

Context. Variability has proven to be a powerful tool to detect active galactic nuclei (AGN) in multi-epoch surveys. The new-generation facilities expected to become operational in the next few years will mark a new era in time-domain astronomy and their wide-field multi-epoch campaigns will favor extensive variability studies.

Aims. We present our analysis of AGN variability in the second half of the VST survey of the Wide Chandra Deep Field South, performed in the r band and covering a 2 sq. deg area. The analysis complements a previous work, in which the first half of the area was investigated. We provide a reliable catalog of variable AGN candidates, which will be critical targets in future variability studies.

Methods. We selected a sample of optically variable sources and made use of infrared data from the Spitzer mission to validate their nature by means of color-based diagnostics.

Results. We obtain a sample of 782 AGN candidates among which 12 are classified as supernovae, 54 as stars, and 232 as AGN. We estimate a contamination ≲20% and a completeness ∼38% with respect to mid-infrared selected samples.
Comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and endoscopic interventions for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Njei Basile , McCarty Thomas R. , Muniraj Thiruvengadam , Sharma Prabin , Jamidar Priya A. , Aslanian Harry R. , Varadarajulu Shyam , Navaneethan Udayakumar
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims While several interventions may decrease risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis, it remains unclear whether one strategy is superior to others. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pharmacologic and endoscopic interventions to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis among high-risk patients.

Methods A systematic review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database through May 2017. Interventions included: rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aggressive hydration with lactated ringerʼs (LR) solution, and pancreatic stent placement compared to placebo. Only studies with patients at high-risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis were included. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed and relative ranking of treatments was assessed using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities.

Results We identified 29 trials, comprising 7,862 participants comparing four preventive strategies. On network meta-analysis, compared with placebo, rectal NSAIDs (B = – 0.69, 95 % CI [–1.18; – 0.21]), pancreatic stent (B = – 1.25, 95 % CI [–1.81 to –0.69]), LR (B = – 0.67, 95 % CI [–1.20 to –0.13]), and combination of LR plus rectal NSAIDs (B = – 1.58; 95 % CI [–3.0 to –0.17]), were all associated with a reduced risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Pancreatic stent placement had the highest SUCRA probability (0.81, 95 % CI [0.83 to 0.80]) of being ranked the best prophylactic treatment.

Conclusions Based on this network meta-analysis, pancreatic stent placement appears to be the most effective preventive strategy for post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients.
Complete closure versus simple closure for perforations during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kinoshita Satoshi , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Fujimoto Ai , Mori Hideki , Hirai Yuichiro , Nakazato Yoshihiro , Kikuchi Masahiro , Uraoka Toshio
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims The efficacy of complete closure versus simple closure for perforations during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has never been evaluated. We evaluated the efficacy of complete closure and simple closure for perforations and muscular layer injuries incurred during ESD.

Patients and methods Thirty-four consecutive patients who underwent “complete closure” or “simple closure” for correction of perforations and muscular layer injuries during colorectal ESD were enrolled in this study. Complete closure was performed by the mucosa-submucosa clip closure method using only conventional endo-clips. For simple closure, endo-clips are placed just for perforation or muscular layer injury, while leaving any mucosal defects open.

Results Among the 15 patients in the complete closure group, eight developed perforations and seven developed muscular layer injuries. Among the 19 patients in the simple closure group, six developed perforations and 13 developed muscular layer injuries during the ESD procedure. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in inflammatory reactions, adverse events, or length of the hospital stay.

Conclusion Complete closure and simple closure for perforations and muscular layer injuries during ESD seem to have similar efficacy. While simple closure for a perforation during ESD seems sufficient, further study will be required to confirm our results.
Delir in der Alterstraumatologie
Authors: Becker Clemens , Bühl Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Die Alterstraumatologie gewinnt einen immer höheren Stellenwert in den unfallchirurgischen Abteilungen. Ohne diese Fallgruppen ist eine Abteilung auf Dauer wirtschaftlich nicht überlebensfähig. Entsprechend bedeutsam ist die angemessene Versorgung der älteren Patienten. Neben der hochwertigen unfallchirurgischen Behandlung gewinnt die geriatrische-internistische Behandlung eine größere Bedeutung. Die Prävention und Behandlung häufiger Komplikationen sollte rasch, zielgerichtet und evidenzbasiert erfolgen. Zu den häufigsten alterstraumatologischen Komplikationen gehört das Delir. Hierzu gibt es eine wachsende Anzahl an hochwertigen Publikationen. Delir gilt als teilweise verhinder- und therapierbar. Der Artikel fasst die Datenlage zusammen und gibt praktische Hinweise für den klinischen Alltag.
Lumen-apposing metal stents versus biliary fully-covered metal stents for EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: a case control study
Authors: Garcia Garcia de Paredes Ana , Gonzalez Martin Juan Angel , Foruny Olcina Jose Ramon , Juzgado Lucas Diego , Gonzalez Panizo Fernando , Lopez Duran Sergio , Martinez Sanchez Alba , Sanjuanbenito Alfonso , Caminoa Alejandra , Albillos Agustin , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage has become first-line treatment for pancreatic fluid collections (PFC). The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of biliary fully-covered self-expandable metal stents (BFCSEMS) and lumen-apposing metal stents with electrocautery (EC-LAMS).

Patients and methods From April 2008 to March 2017, consecutive patients with symptomatic PFC drained under EUS-guidance with metal stents were included. Patients drained with EC-LAMS were considered the study group and those drained with BFCSEMS the control group. Two primary endpoints were evaluated: effectiveness (defined as reduction of ≥ 50 % of PFC size in cross-sectional imaging and improvement of symptoms 6 months after the transmural drainage) and safety.

Results Thirty patients were drained with EC-LAMS and 60 patients with BFCSEMS. Patients and PFC baseline characteristics in both groups were similar. Use of a coaxial double pigtail plastic stent and a nasocystic lavage catheter was significantly less frequent in patients drained with EC-LAMS (33 % vs. 100 %, and 13 % vs. 58 %, respectively; P < 0.0001). Technical success was 100 % in both groups. Procedure time was < 30 minutes in all patients drained with EC-LAMS and over 30 minutes in all patients drained with BFCSEMS (P = 0.0001). Clinical success was higher with a tendency to significance in patients drained with EC-LAMS (96 % vs. 82 %, P = 0.055) and the adverse event rate was lower (4 % vs. 18 %, P = 0.04). No case of procedure-related mortality was recorded.

Conclusions EC-LAMS and BFCSEMS are both effective for EUS-guided drainage of PFC. However, EC-LAMS requires less time to be performed and appears to be safer.
Usefulness of cold polypectomy under linked color imaging
Authors: Suzuki Takuto , Kitagawa Yoshiyasu , Nankinzan Rino , Yamaguchi Taketo
Published: January 2020

Background and study aims Cold polypectomy is becoming popular for treatment of colon polyps due to its safety and convenience, but there is still the problem of tumor remnants. Because linked color imaging (LCI) improves polyp visibility, cold polypectomy under LCI is anticipated to reduce the tumor remnant rate. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of this procedure.

Patients and methods Fifty patients scheduled to undergo cold polypectomy for treatment of colon polyps < 10 mm and assumed to be adenomas were registered prospectively. After performing cold snare polypectomy (CSP) under LCI, biopsy was performed at two resection margin sites for each polyp to determine the tumor remnant rate.

Results A total of 145 lesions were treated by CSP. Of the 139 lesions in which polyps were retrievable and diagnosed as adenomas pathologically, one lesion was recognized as a remnant adenoma on biopsy (remnant rate: 0.7 % [95 % CI: 0.0–4.4]). This remnant rate was extremely low. Treatment results were extremely promising given that en bloc resection, post-procedure bleeding, and perforation rates were 100 %, 0 %, and 0 %, respectively.

Conclusion Cold snare polypectomy under LCI may be an effective treatment method capable of reducing the tumor remnant rate. This trial was approved by our Institutional Ethics Committee and registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN 000033690).
Facile Synthesis of π-Conjugated Heteroaromatic Compounds via Weak-Base-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free C–N Coupling
Authors: Senoo Takahiro , Inoue Aiko , Mori Keiji
Published: January 2020

A K2CO3-promoted transition-metal-free C–N coupling reaction was developed. When a solution of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-8-iodo­naphthalenes in DMSO was treated with 2.5 equivalents of K2CO3 and 5.0 equivalents of MeI, intramolecular C–N coupling reaction proceeded smoothly even at low temperature (room temperature) to afford various heteroaromatic compounds in good chemical yields. Additional experiments suggested that this reaction might have proceeded through an unusual SNAr reaction between haloarenes and a bulky tertiary amine moiety.
Dielectric nanotomography based on electrostatic force microscopy: A numerical analysis
Authors: Fabregas Rene , Gomila Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) can image nanoscale objects buried below the surface. Here, we theoretically show that this capability can be used to obtain nanotomographic information, i.e., the physical dimensions and dielectric properties, of buried nano-objects. These results constitute a first step toward implementing a nondestructive dielectric nanotomography technique based on EFM with applications in materials sciences and life sciences.
Turing instability conditions in confined systems with an effective position-dependent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Chacón-Acosta G. , Núñez-López M. , Pineda I.
Published: January 2020

We study a reaction-diffusion system within a long channel in the regime in which the projected Fick-Jacobs-Zwanzig operator for confined diffusion can be used. We found that under this approximation, Turing instability conditions can be modified due to the channel geometry. The dispersion relation, range of unstable modes where pattern formation occurs, and spatial structure of the patterns itself change as functions of the geometric parameters of the channel. This occurs for the three channels analyzed, for which the values of the projected operators can be found analytically. For the reaction term, we use the well-known Schnakenberg kinetics.
O2 activation by AuAg clusters on a defective (100)MgO surface
Authors: Buendía F. , Anzaldo A. T. , Vital Carlos , Beltrán M. R.
Published: January 2020

In the present work, we discuss the electronic properties of supported dispersed bimetallic clusters with respect to their size, geometry, and Aun/Agm (n + m = 6) composition. We have studied with supercell-density functional theory calculations the role of the charge transfer from the MgO defective support toward the cluster in the activation of O2 by AunAgm clusters. We first considered gas-phase clusters with different atomic compositions; then, we deposited all of them on a pristine (100)MgO surface and finally on a more realistic (100)MgO F-center. We performed a global and unrestricted search of the (cluster + surface) geometry. The Mexican enhanced genetic algorithm has been used to exhaustively explore the potential energy surface. Our results show that O2 activation depends on the Aun/Agm ratio. It has been found that both metals involved play different and important roles toward (a) the actual O2 dissociation and (b) weakening of the oxygen-cluster bond, which, in turn, may promote the possibility of a catalytic process to take place, such as the oxidation process of CO and NOx among others.
Self-similar solutions of asymmetric Rayleigh-Taylor mixing
Authors: Hillier A.
Published: January 2020

The late nonlinear phase of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is characterized by the self-similar expansion of the instability mixing layer given at late times by h ≈ αAgt2. In this paper, we present a new model of this mixing layer, based on a piecewise step function approximation where the main constraint imposed is conservation of mass. This model is used to predict the structuring of the mean density of the layer and the asymmetry of the layer for a given Atwood number. By comparing experimental data and simulation results, we confirmed the predictions of the model for the asymmetry of the α values. Our model leads to a simple correction to the formulation of the expansion of the mixing layer which is consistent with α for a given system that is independent of the density difference for both immiscible fluids and miscible fluids with low mass diffusion. As the model predicts the mean density profile, it can be used to state the energy released by the instability.
Suppressive effects of diamagnetic drift on neoclassical double tearing modes based on four-field reduced MHD model
Authors: Hu Z. Q. , Ye C. , Wei L. , Wang Z. X.
Published: January 2020

The explosive behavior of neo-classical double tearing mode (NDTM) is numerically investigated by a reduced four-field-drift-magnetohydrodynamic code [Ye et al., Nuclear Fusion 59, 096044 (2019)] with the bootstrap current effect. It is numerically observed that the explosive burst of NDTM can be absolutely suppressed by diamagnetic drift flow. The dependence of the critical value of diamagnetic drift flow V0*c for avoiding the explosion on typical plasma parameters is numerically studied in detail. It is found that V0*c decreases with increasing Δrs, while it increases with an increasing bootstrap current fraction. The plasma viscosity and resistivity can raise the threshold through their effects on the rotation of magnetic islands and the instability of system, respectively. Furthermore, the perpendicular transport and parallel transport, which are significant to the driven effects of the bootstrap current, have the opposite effects on V0*c. The underlying mechanisms are discussed.
Long-range coupling interaction between a non-magnetic transition metal capping layer and a neighboring magnetic layer
Authors: Wang L. , Xu W. T. , Zhao W. L. , Li G. , Huang Y. X. , Li A. X. , Liu Y. M.
Published: January 2020

In nanoscale magnetic multilayers, capping layers are often used to protect the underlying magnetic layers from oxidation. However, little research has investigated possible long-range coupling interactions between nonmagnetic transition metal (TM) capping layers and neighboring magnetic layers. In this paper, the temperature (T) dependence of the magnetic moment of different thicknesses of cobalt (Co) was studied in a tantalum (Ta)/Co/TM trilayer structure with four TM capping layers, where the TMs were Ta, Chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), and zirconium (Zr), respectively. It was found that the capping layer had a large effect on the phase-transition behavior and thermal stability of the Co layer. In the Ta and Cr layers, the T-dependence of Co magnetic moment showed nonmonotonic behavior, and in the Ti and Zr layers, the Co M-T curve exhibited very few effects of the capping layer. We attribute this phenomenon to the long-range coupling between the Co and TM layers. Furthermore, the coupling mechanism was linked to the indirect magnetic exchange coupling in Co/TM multilayers, similar to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida coupling. The results of this work will support further development of the understanding of the coupling between the 3d ferromagnetic (FM) metal and nonmagnetic TM at nanoscales. Relative to potential applications, it will inspire us to rediscover the role of both the TM capping layer and buffer nonmagnetic layer in FM/TM multilayers, especially for nanoscale magnetic multilayers with spin-dependent effects, such as spin valves, spin halls, spin transfer torque, and spin–orbit coupling, which are in widespread use in the manufacture of various spintronics devices.
Sulfurous and sulfonic acids: Predicting the infrared spectrum and setting the surface straight
Authors: Misiewicz Jonathon P. , Moore Kevin B. , Franke Peter R. , Morgan W. James , Turney Justin M. , Douberly Gary E. , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: January 2020

Sulfurous acid (H2SO3) is an infamously elusive molecule. Although some theoretical papers have supposed possible roles for it in more complicated systems, it has yet to be experimentally observed. To aid experiment in detecting this molecule, we have examined the H2O + SO2 potential energy surface at the CCSDT(Q)/CBS//CCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pVTZ-F12b level of theory to resolve standing discrepancies in previous reports and predict the gas-phase vibrational spectrum for H2SO3. We find that sulfurous acid has two potentially detectable rotamers, separated by 1.1 kcal mol−1 ΔH0K with a torsional barrier of 1.6 kcal mol−1. The sulfonic acid isomer is only 6.9 kcal mol−1 above the lowest enthalpy sulfurous acid rotamer, but the barrier to form it is 57.2 kcal mol−1. Error in previous reports can be attributed to misidentified stationary points, the use of density functionals that perform poorly for this system, and, most importantly, the basis set sensitivity of sulfur. Using VPT2+K, we determine that the intense S=O stretch fundamental of each species is separated from other intense peaks by at least 25 cm−1, providing a target for identification by infrared spectroscopy.
Singularities and topologically protected states in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Yao Qirong , Chen Xingchen , van Bremen Rik , Sotthewes Kai , Zandvliet Harold J. W.
Published: January 2020

We have studied the structural and electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). For twist angles in the range of about 1° to 4°, the twisted bilayer graphene possesses two Van Hove singularities in the vicinity of the Fermi level. We use the exact location of these Van Hove singularities to determine the twist angle dependent interlayer hopping energy. For a twist angle of 0.6°, we found a hexagonal network of topologically protected one-dimensional channels that run along the boundaries of the AB/BA domains. The electric field in the tunnel junction is responsible for the breaking of the symmetry of the AB and BA domains and the development of the hexagonal network of topologically protected states. The latter shows that the electric field in the tunneling junction can significantly affect the topological nature of two-dimensional materials, and therefore, one should be cautious when interpreting scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experiments of this class of materials.
Nanoscale detection of metastable states in porous and granular media
Authors: Ilin Eduard , Li Yaofa , Colla Eugene V. , Christensen Kenneth T. , Sahimi Muhammad , Marchevsky Maxim , Frailey Scott M. , Bezryadin Alexey
Published: January 2020

Microseismicity in subsurface geologic environments, such as sandstone gas reservoirs, is expected in the presence of liquid or gas injection. Although difficult to predict, the potential for microseismic events is important to field-scale projects, such as geologic storage of CO2, whereby the gas is injected into natural sandstone formations. We conjecture that a primary factor causing microseismicity is the existence of metastable states in a granular porous medium and provide experimental evidence for its validity. External perturbation triggers abrupt relaxation events which, with a certain probability, can grow into macroscopic microseismic events. Here, the triggering perturbation is produced by cooling to a cryogenic temperature. As the “sensor” for the abrupt relaxation events, we use thin Al films deposited on the sandstone surface. We show that as the temperature is varied, the films' resistance exhibits sharp jumps, which we attribute to mechanical restructuring or microfractures in the fabric of the sandstone. We checked the superconducting characteristics of the Al thin films on the sandstone and found microwave-induced Shapiro steps on the voltage–current diagrams. Such quantized steps provide indications that the film is made of a network of nanobridges, which makes it even more sensitive to abrupt relaxation events occurring in the substrate, i.e., in the underlying sandstone.
Magnetic moment distribution in nanosized antiferromagnetic NiO
Authors: Iimori Toshifumi , Imamoto Yuya , Uchida Nobuya , Kikuchi Yudai , Honda Keita , Iwahashi Takashi , Ouchi Yukio
Published: January 2020

Nanosized antiferromagnets show anomalously large magnetization and superparamagnetism, having complicated magnetic properties due to a competition between core and surface spins in addition to the surface-induced effect, the finite size effect, and the magnetic moment distribution. A significant distribution of magnetic moments, which are responsible for the superparamagnetism, can also exist in real ensembles of nanoparticles, making the analysis of magnetization difficult. It has been a key issue for the understanding of the complicated magnetic property to correctly separate a superparamagnetic component from an antiferromagnetic component that linearly depends on magnetic fields in the observed magnetization. Here, we report the separation of these two components observed in the magnetization of antiferromagnetic NiO nanoparticles by applying the scaling law in the magnetization of superparamagnets. The distribution of the magnetic moment was taken into account without a priori assumption of the distribution function. The magnetic moments causing superparamagnetism had a bimodal distribution with different mean values. The contribution of the two different superparamagnetic components could thus be newly clarified and was ascribed to the uncompensated spins in the core and on the surface. The magnetic structure that leads to the bimodal distribution is discussed in light of the inhomogeneity of the surface structure.
Use of the complete basis set limit for computing highly accurate ab initio dipole moments
Authors: Conway Eamon K. , Gordon Iouli E. , Polyansky Oleg L. , Tennyson Jonathan
Published: January 2020

Calculating dipole moments with high-order basis sets is generally only possible for the light molecules, such as water. A simple, yet highly effective strategy of obtaining high-order dipoles with small, computationally less expensive basis sets is described. Using the finite field method for computing dipoles, energies calculated with small basis sets can be extrapolated to produce dipoles that are comparable to those obtained in high order calculations. The method reduces computational resources by approximately 50% (allowing the calculation of reliable dipole moments for larger molecules) and simultaneously improves the agreement with experimentally measured infrared transition intensities. For atmospherically important molecules, which are typically too large to consider the use of large basis sets, this procedure will provide the necessary means of improving calculated spectral intensities by several percent.
The particle stress in dilute suspensions of inertialess spheroids in turbulent channel flow
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhao Lihao
Published: January 2020

Particle stress is known to play a vital role in turbulence modulation. However, the earlier studies on particle stress were mostly confined to the cases of spherical and elongated particles. In the present study, we investigated the stress generated in dilute suspensions of inertialess spheroids with various shapes in wall-bounded turbulence. We performed direct numerical simulations of turbulent particle-laden channel flows utilizing a one-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The stress in the suspension of oblate spheroids was examined in detail and compared with prolate spheroid cases for the first time. The results show that particle stress is strongly dependent on particle shape and the stress of the oblate spheroid is qualitatively different from the case of prolate particles. However, we found that the fluctuating spanwise shear stress of flat oblate spheroids, which makes a significant contribution to turbulence dissipation, is in the same order of magnitude of the term generated by elongated prolate spheroids at a constant volume fraction. We also examined the effect of the Reynolds number on the particle stress in channel flows at Reτ = 180 and 1000. The results reveal a negligible influence on the mean stresses, but the fluctuating stresses are significantly Reynolds number dependent. In the buffer layer, we observed the correlations between the particle stress of spheroids and the fluctuating velocity of the fluid in the streamwise direction, which could be attributed to the different orientation of spheroids and fluid strain rate in low- and high-speed streaks of near-wall turbulence.
Heart Failure Integrated Care Project: overcoming barriers encountered by primary health care providers in heart failure management
Authors: Hsieh Victar , Paull Glenn , Hawkshaw Barbara
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveHeart failure (HF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A significant proportion of HF patients will have repeated hospital presentations. Effective integration between general practice and existing HF management programs may address some of the challenges in optimising care for this complex patient population. The Heart Failure Integrated Care Project (HFICP) investigated the barriers encountered by primary healthcare providers in providing care to patients with HF in the community.
MethodsFive general practices in the St George and Sutherland regions (NSW, Australia) that employed practice nurses (PNs) were enrolled in the project. Participants responded to a printed survey that asked about their perceived role in the management of HF patients and their current knowledge and confidence in managing this condition. Participants also took part in a focus group meeting and were asked to identify barriers to improving HF patient management in general practice, and to offer suggestions about how the project could assist them to overcome those barriers.
ResultsBarriers to effective delivery of HF management in general practice included clinical factors (consultation time limitations, underutilisation of patient management systems, identifying patients with HF, lack of patient self-care materials), professional factors (suboptimal hospital discharge summary letters, underutilisation of PNs), organisation factors (difficulties in communication with hospital staff, lack of education regarding HF management) and system issues (no Medicare rebate for B-type natriuretic peptide testing, insufficient Medicare rebate for using PN in chronic disease management).
ConclusionsThe HFICP identified several barriers to improving integrated management for HF patients in the Australian setting. These findings provide important insights into how an HF integrated care model can be implemented to strengthen the working relationship between hospitals and primary care providers in delivering better care to HF patients.
What is known about the topic?Multidisciplinary HF programs are heterogeneous in their structures, they have low patient participation rates and a significant proportion of HF patients have further presentations to hospital with HF. Integrating the care of HF patients into the primary care system following hospital admission remains challenging.
What does this paper add?This paper identified several factors that hinder the effective delivery of care by primary care providers to patients with HF.
What are the implications for practitioners?The findings provide important insights into how an HF integrated care model can be implemented to strengthen the working relationship between tertiary health facilities and primary care providers in delivering better care to HF patients.
The Host–Guest Properties Observed Between the Viologens and Cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril
Authors: Cheng Si-Yuan , Qu Yun-Xia , Tao Zhu , Zhou Kai-Zhi , Wei Lian-Tong , Wang Cong , Zhao Wei-Wei , Jiang Dao-Fa , Ma Pei-Hua
Published: January 2020

The interactions between cyclopentanocucurbit[6]uril (abbreviated as CyP6Q[6]) and a series of dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium and diaryl-4,4′-bipyridinium dicationic guest molecules, where the alkyl group is CH3(CH2)n with n=0–6 (expressed as G1 to G7) and the aryl group is phenylene (G8) and xylene (G9), have been investigated in aqueous solution using 1H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Our results show that G1 and G2 form 1:1 host–guest inclusion complexes with CyP6Q[6], in which the bipyridinium core is partially embedded in the cavity of CyP6Q[6]. G3–G9 form 2:1 dumbbell-type host–guest inclusion complexes, in which the substituents are encapsulated by CyP6Q[6]. At the same time, CyP6Q[6] was compared with several other cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) and their derivatives, such as Q[6], Q[7], and TMeQ[6], which have been reported to interact with this type of guest molecule. In its binding mode, CyP6Q[6] shows many interesting and different properties, and this difference was mainly reflected with G1 and G2.
Habitat associations of zoophagic bat ensembles in north-western Australia
Authors: McKenzie N. L. , Bullen R. D. , Gibson L. A.
Published: January 2020

North-western Australia comprises the Kimberley Craton and parts of three adjacent sedimentary basins. It has a tropical climate and habitats that range from semiarid plains supporting grasslands to mesic uplands supporting woodlands as well as narrow riparian forests and patches of rainforest; mangrove forests occur along the coast. Its bat fauna comprises three obligate phytophages and 27 obligate zoophages. Analysis of zoophagic bats at 171 sites scattered throughout this study area revealed two compositionally distinct ensembles. One, comprising 19 species, occupies mangrove forest and includes three species known only to occupy mangroves in Western Australia. The other, comprising 20 species, occupies landward habitats and includes four species that are found only in landward ecosystems. Both ensembles are structured in terms of resource allocation, but nestedness observed in assemblage composition can be explained by environmental factors, implying the influence of environmental controls. Sixteen species belong to both ensembles, but seven of these require cave roosts and occur only near cavernous country while three others are confined to rocky riparian habitats. The richest assemblages were recorded in rugged cavernous landscapes in complex vegetation structures near permanent freshwater pools in the most mesic areas.
Chinese-dominant bilingualism
Authors: Ding Hongdi
Published: January 2020

This research provides quantitative evidence of the decline in Nuosu competence among the young Nuosu generation in Liangshan, Sichuan, China, through a direct comprehensive linguistic measurement of their Nuosu-Chinese bilingual competence. Although the young generation can still speak Nuosu, a Tibeto-Burman language, as fluently as the elder Nuosu generations without apparent difficulty, this research identifies the subtle change of competence before it becomes widely noticeable. A sample of 34 ethnic Nuosu of three generations was tested in Xichang, Liangshan, through measuring their core or implicit language knowledge (i.e. morphology, syntax, lexicon, semantics, and pragmatics) in Nuosu and Chinese. The participants were from seven Shynra-speaking counties and two Yynuo-speaking counties, mainly within Liangshan. The test format was listening and speaking, to include illiterate speakers. It was found that all elder and middle-aged subjects still possessed monolingual baseline competence, which was stable and maintained at a high level. However, only half of the young Nuosu subjects achieved monolingual baseline competence in Nuosu. The other half, though still considered as native speakers of Nuosu, had lower and more varied competence; however, almost all of them achieved monolingual baseline competence in Chinese. The Nuosu speech community in Liangshan is shifting from Nuosu-dominant bilingualism to Chinese-dominant bilingualism. Moreover, the present study proposes a typology of native speakers and a typology of bilinguals based on different levels of competence obtained from the current sample.
Finite Impulse Response Type Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network Model For Bacteria Growth Modeling Inhibited by Lemon Basil Waste Extract
Authors: Budiati T , Suryaningsih W , Biyanto T R , Pangestika N P , Pangestu M T , Saputra F , Hidayat A , Widyawati A , Firdaus F N , Sabilla D V
Published: January 2020

The tools to predict the growth of bacteria over the time is essential to maintain the process stability in bio processes. Currently, not all tools have been fully used to fulfil these interests which can be applied in industry and laboratory. In this paper, a mathematical modelling approach based on the type of multi layer perceptron artificial neural network created by Finite Impulse Response (FIR) is proposed. The neural network model was developed using data collected from laboratory work. A total of 75% the growth of bacteria (S. Aureus, B. Cereus and S. Typhimurium) which is inhibited by lemon basil waste extract, over the time data are used to train Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and the rest of the data are used to validate the model. ANN has been model the growth of S. Aureus, B. Cereus and S. Typhimurium which is inhibited by lemon basil waste extract over the time. Mean Square Error (MSE) results during training and validation obtained from this modeling were 0.087 and 0.147, respectively. It means the mathematical modeling approach used in this study is suitable for capturing nonlinear characteristics of bacterial growth that is inhibited by lemon basil waste extract.
Response of the Vanda Planlet (Vanda sanderiana) to the Addition of Guano and Mycorrhizal Fertilizers in the Acclimatization Stadia
Authors: Kasutjianingati K , Firgiyanto R , Warisu AE
Published: January 2020

Acclimatization is a critical point for the success of tissue culture propagation. In this phase, in addition to maintaining the condition of the growing environment, accuracy of media composition is required. This study aims to determine the growth response of the Vanda orchid plantlet (Vanda sanderiana) acclimatization phase to the dose of guano and mycorrhizal fertilizers. The design used in this study was a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the dose of guano fertilizer (without guano, 4g/plant and 8 g/plant), the second factor is mycorrhizal dose (without mycorrhizal, 10 g/plant and 20 g/plant), repeated 3 times. Growth observation variables include number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and life percentage. The experimental results were analyzed using Analysis of Variace and followed by 1% BNJ test. The results showed that the interaction of the two treatment factors did not significantly affect all parameters. Conclusions guano and mycorrhizal fertilizers are not needed in the acclimatization phase of the Vanda orchid plantlet.
The Effect of Varieties on Growth and Yield of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) in Andisol Soil Aceh Besar
Authors: Syafruddin  , Syamsuddin  , Syakur  , Jumini  , Marliah A , Halimursyadah  , Hasanuddin
Published: January 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of varieties on the growth and yield of chili plants on the Andisol soil. This research was carried out at Lon Baroh, Lembah Seulawah District Aceh Besar, greenhouse and laboratory of plant physiology, Faculty of Agriculture of Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh from November to March 2019. The analysis of data used in this study was Randomized Block Design – non Factorial with 3 replications. There are 2 series of this research, Serie A and Series B. Serie A is used to collect data on growth and yield of chili plants and Serie B is used to collect data on mycorrhizal infection. The factors observed in this research were varieties. Varieties used are Lado F1 and Perintis. The result of this research showed varieties of chili plants highly significant take effect on plant height 15, 30 and 45 DAP, stem diameter 30 and 40 DAP, productive branch numbers, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit number and yield potential and significantly affect on stem diameter 45 DAP, root fresh weight, and root dry weight. The best growth and yield of chili plants is found in Lado F1 varieties.
Serine protease from Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) latex
Authors: Siti-Balqis Zulfigar , Rosma Ahmad
Published: January 2020

Breadfruit is recognized as a plant with the potential to be cultivated as an alternative staple food due to its high starch content and envisioned as a solution to mitigate hunger. The plant bears abundant fruits throughout the year with its productivity is comparable to other staple crops and it thrives well in countries where the poor population is high. Breadfruit however, exudes copious amount of latex upon harvesting and the stained epicarp often perceived as low in quality. Standardized methods of harvesting in plantations include a stage of latex draining by inverting the fruit for several hours. The latex will be drained to the ground and considered as an agricultural waste with no current commercial application. Despite being considered as a nuisance, plant latexes is a rich source of proteases functioned as a defensive mechanism against pathogenic attacks. In the effort to identify its potential, the breadfruit latex protease was purified and its characteristics were determined. The stability of the protease was investigated and its kinetics of inactivation was estimated in this research. Based on the analyses, breadfruit latex was discovered to consist of a serine protease with highly stable properties, potentially developed as an alternative commercial protease.
Dynamic System Model for Performance Measurement of Tea Agroindustry
Authors: Brilliantina A , Purnomo B H , Suryaningrat I B
Published: January 2020

The problems of decrease in tea quality and tea productivity agroindustry have become a quite complex system problems. The dynamic system approach provides an analytical framework in order to understand the linkage of managerial policies of tea agroindustry. It applied dynamic system model by using tool powersym studio 2005. The simulation is done in the period of 2019-2025. Furthermore, performance dynamic model of tea agroindustry consists of production process linkage, finance, and human resources. The system produces three scenarios (aggressive, moderate, and pessimistic) based on management's response to strategic planning in 2011-2016. The result of this research is the model can be used to provide insight for management to monitor dynamic behavior of tea agroindustry. The simulation of dynamic behavior of scenarios recommended aggressive scenario as the best recommendation. The best scenario is the aggresive scenario. The measures were 10% rejuvenation increase, 10% production cost decrease, minimum tea selling price on export quality, increase in HR investment cost as much as 20%.
Forecasting sugarcane production in the Asembagus sugar factory
Authors: Harlianingtyas I , Salim A , Hartatie D , Supriyadi
Published: January 2020

The production of the sugar industry is increasing from year to year because of the national sugar production and consumption. To achieve the level of production that can meet these needs, the government has requested a national sugar self-sufficiency policy. Estimation of sugarcane production has a big influence on the company's policy considerations to determine further production results. This study aims to predict the production of sugar cane that will be obtained by the Asembagus sugar factory for the next five years. The data used to predict are data from 1979 to 2018 obtained from secondary data from Asembagus factory registration results. The method used is the Box-Jenkins ARIMA method by comparing the measurement of forecasting results with the trend and exponential smoothing methods. The appropriate forecasting result is the ARIMA model (1,1,1) because it has a smaller error value than using other methods. Forecasting results for 2019 are 42055.6 tons in 2020 predicted 43222.9 tons in 2021 predicted to produce 44090.7 tons, in 2022 predicted 44788.2 tons and in 2023 predicted sugarcane production of 45389.2 tons.