bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas
Authors: Filho Penildon Silva
Published: May 2018

A Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas chega ao seu nono ano, consolidando-se cada vez mais como um veículo de divulgação científica no Brasil, acompanhando o crescimento da produção científica nacional e dos programas de pós-graduação de nossas universidades.
Nesse exato momento há a discussão sobre a avaliação da produção acadêmica com a comunidade científica e as sociedades científicas das diversas áreas, com o debate sobre critérios de produtividade. Foi emblemática a realização do I Simpósio de Avaliação Científica no final de 2010. Estavam presentes o presidente do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) à época, Carlos Aragão, e o então diretor de avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), Lívio Amaral. Esse debate prossegue no governo ....
Análise quantitativa da motivação estética do paciente de cirurgia ortognática da ULBRA – Canoas
Authors: Abitante Cristina , Schneider Luis Eduardo , Vargas Ivana Ardenghi , Bridi Alexandre De Oliveira , Crusius Kalinka Crivellaro , Krause Ricardo Guilherme da Silva
Published: May 2018

O tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico das deformidades dento-faciais pode ser estimulado por motivação estética, funcional ou ambas. Contudo, devido à característica agressiva do procedimento cirúrgico ortognático, conhecer e entender os motivos que levam um paciente a submeter-se a esse tratamento se torna relevante. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar as motivações estéticas de 20 pacientes atendidos na Faculdade de Odontologia da ULBRA – Canoas, que buscavam por cirurgia ortognática.
Estudo do polimorfismo dos genes GSTT1 e GSTM1 em pacientes portadores de gliomas malignos
Authors: Silva Marcelo Soares da Mota e , Carvalho Maria Da Glória da Costa , Fonseca Clovis Orlando da , Santos Thereza Quirico , Bucco Brenda Maiolino
Published: May 2018

Polimorfismos são variações na sequência de nucleotídeos do DNA genômico tais como deleções, inserções e outras. Os polimorfismos podem provocar alteração na função proteica e no fenótipo. Eventualmente pode ocorrer a deleção de ambos os alelos de um determinado gene e, nesse caso, a proteína que seria codificada pelo gene não será expressa. Essa situação é bastante frequente para os genes GSTT1 e GSTM1 que codificam enzimas de detoxicação (glutationa S-transferase teta 1, e, glutationa S-transferase mu 1, respectivamente). Considerando que as enzimas de detoxicação têm um papel fundamental na biotransformação de xenobióticos, essa falta da expressão poderia acarretar uma menor proteção e, consequentemente, uma maior susceptibilidade ao desenvolvimento de doenças de perfil citotóxico, em especial o câncer. Este trabalho analisou o perfil genotípico de uma população de 30 pacientes portadores de gliomas malignos para os genes GSTT1 e GSTM1. Os tipos tumorais foram: vinte e quatro glioblastomas multiformes, três astrocitomas anaplásicos grau II, dois oligodendrogliomas e um astrocitoma anaplásico grau III. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar o genótipo dos 30 pacientes para os genes GSTT1 e GSTM1 com o encontrado em uma população de 65 sujeitos-controle teoricamente saudáveis, bem como, nos pacientes, relacionar a presença ou deleção desses genes com o tempo de sobrevida. Os resultados sugerem que o genótipo GSTT1 nulo poderia conferir uma maior proteção contra o desenvolvimento dessas malignidades cerebrais e também indicam uma possível relação entre o genótipo e o tempo de sobrevida para portadores desses gliomas.
Manifestações otorrinolaringológicas podem sugerir doença do refluxo gastroesofágico?
Authors: Ortiz Priscilla Nunes , Nunes Naraiana Almeida , Arcanjo Tatiana Larissa Medeiros , Braga Natasha Mascarenhas Andrade , Silva Luciana Rodrigues
Published: May 2018

A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico pode apresentar-se de modo bastante amplo; de modo silencioso, através de manifestações do trato digestório e de algumas manifestações respiratórias e otorrinolaringológicas, em formas atípicas. O otorrinolaringologista suspeita de refluxo gastroesofágico diante de alguns achados que podem ser sugestivos à nasofaringolaringoscopia. Com o objetivo de descrever características clínicas de crianças com suspeita de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico ao exame otorrinolaringológico foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo descritivo com análise de prontuários de crianças que realizaram laringoscopia entre dezembro de 2001 e fevereiro de 2008. Os sinais considerados como sugestivos de refluxo laringofaríngeo foram hiperemia e edema de região intearitenoidea e retrocricoidea, aumento de lesões nas pregas vocais, presença de edema, nódulos e pólipos em pregas vocais, edema de Reinke, hiperplasia de amídalas e granulações. Participaram deste estudo 54 pacientes; os sintomas mais prevalentes foram tosse ou pigarro (38,9%), disfonia (33,3%) e obstrução nasal (31,5%). As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram amidalite de repetição (27,8%), sinusite (13,0%) e otite média (11,1%). Os achados laringoscópicos mais prevalentes com refluxo laringofaríngeo foram hiperemia e edema em região intearitenoidea e retrocricoidea (96,3%), edema (24,1%) e nódulos em prega vocais (37,1%). O refluxo laringofaríngeo deve ser identificado através da nasofaringolaringoscopia; no entanto, cabe ressaltar que este achado também pode traduzir um refluxo gastroesofágico oculto, manifestado apenas por sinais otorrrinolaringológicos.
Primeiro relato de acidentes escorpiônicos causados por Tityus martinpaechi Lourenço, 2001 (Scorpiones; Buthidae)
Authors: Porto Tiago Jordão , Caldas Elda Araújo , Cova Bruno Oliveira , Santo Valdélia Menezes Nascimento
Published: May 2018

O escorpionismo é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, especialmente na região Nordeste. Os principais agentes etiológicos dos acidentes nessa região são Tityus serrulatus e T. stigmurus, mas outras espécies vêm sendo relatadas como causadoras de acidentes. Esse trabalho relata quatro acidentes escorpiônicos causados por T. martinpaechi, que, até então, não havia sido referida como uma espécie causadora de acidentes. Os casos aconteceram na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, no estado da Bahia. Três homens (17, 19 e 28 anos) e uma mulher (58 anos) foram picados no membro superior e apresentaram apenas manifestações clínicas locais (dor, parestesia e hiperemia). Os acidentes foram classificados como envenenamentos leves. Com esses relatos de escorpionismo por Tityus martinpaechi, esperamos contribuir para o conhecimento dos escorpiões causadores de acidentes no Brasil. Não consideramos Tityus martinpaechi como um escorpião de importância médica, devido ao restrito número de casos identificados, todos apresentando apenas manifestações clínicas locais (envenenamentos leves).
Are Students Ready to Run Student-Run Clinics?
Authors: Peoples Nicholas , Ubel Peter A.
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint describes the successes and areas for improvement of student-run clinics in the US.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Work Requirements and Safety-Net Program Participation
Authors: Ndumele Chima D. , Factor Hannah , Lavallee Matthew , Lollo Anthony , Wallace Jacob
Published: November 2024

Importance

Work requirements are a controversial feature of US safety-net programs, with some policymakers seeking to expand their use. Little is known about the demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals most likely to be negatively impacted by work requirements.

Objective

To examine the association between work requirements and safety-net program enrollment.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included Medicaid and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) enrollees in Connecticut. The impact of SNAP work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents—the target population—was estimated using a triple-differences research design comparing outcomes before and after the policy (first difference) in affected and exempted towns (second difference) between the targeted population and untargeted parents and caregivers (third difference). SNAP and Medicaid enrollment trends were assessed for a 24-month period, and the characteristics of individuals most likely to lose coverage were examined. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2018, and data were analyzed from August 2022 to September 2024.

Exposures

The reintroduction of SNAP work requirements in 2016.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Proportion of enrollees disenrolled from SNAP and Medicaid.

Results

Of 81 888 Medicaid enrollees in Connecticut, 46 872 (57.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 36.6 (7.0) years. Of these, 38 344 were able-bodied adults without dependents, of which 19 172 were exposed to SNAP work requirements, and 43 544 were parents or caregivers exempted from SNAP work requirements. SNAP coverage declined 5.9 percentage points (95% CI, 5.1-6.7), or 25%, following work requirements. There were no statistically significant changes in Medicaid coverage (0.2 percentage points; 95% CI, −1.4 to 1.0). Work requirements disproportionately affected individuals with more chronic illnesses, targeted beneficiaries who were older, and beneficiaries with lower incomes. Individuals with diabetes were 5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.8-9.3), or 91%, likelier to lose SNAP coverage than those with no chronic conditions; older SNAP beneficiaries (aged 40 to 49 years) with multiple comorbidities were 7.3 percentage points (95% CI, 4.3-11.3), or 553%, likelier to disenroll than younger beneficiaries (aged 25 to 29 years) without chronic conditions; and households with the lowest incomes were 18.6 percentage points (95% CI, 11.8-25.4), or 204%, likelier to lose coverage than the highest income SNAP beneficiaries.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, SNAP work requirements led to substantial reductions in SNAP coverage, especially for the most clinically and socioeconomically vulnerable. Work requirements had little effect on Medicaid coverage, suggesting they did not lead to sufficient increases in employment to transition beneficiaries off the broader safety net.
Two‐Dimensional Layered Topological Semimetals for Advanced Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Yu Huihui , Zeng Haoran , Zhang Yanzhe , Liu Yihe , ShangGuan Wei , Zhang Xiankun , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue
Published: November 2024

Due to the outstanding physical properties and the integrated characteristics, such as the gapless band structure, high state density, high conductivity, dangling‐bond‐free surface, and tunable Fermi level, two‐dimensional layered topological semimetals (2D LTSMs) exhibit a promising application prospect for including electrode contact and terahertz detection. Despite the surging in attention, a comprehensive strategy is still crucial to meet the necessary conditions for the practical application of 2D LTSMs. According to the fermion types and the band structures, 2D LTSMs can be divided into Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, and nodal‐line semimetals. This review comprehensively encapsulates the intrinsic properties, typical synthesis methods, and applications in electronics and optoelectronics about these 2D LTSMs. To establish the fundamental theory, typical crystal structures, and physical properties of different 2D LTSMs are summarized at first. The effective synthesis strategies including exfoliation, molecular beam epitaxy, and vapor deposition are analyzed systematically. Finally, the article emphasizes the exploration of applications, significant challenges, and promising development directions of 2D LTSMs, which will drive 2D LTSMs to become the promisingly leading technology for next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic systems.
Fabric‐Reinforced Functional Insoles with Superior Durability and Antifracture Properties for Energy Harvesting and AI‐Empowered Motion Monitoring
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Xu Bingang , Qiu Minyu , Li Zhenyu , Ahmed Taosif , Yang Yujue , Guan Xiaoyang , Fu Hong
Published: November 2024

Functional triboelectric insoles hold promise for advancing self‐powered wearable technologies. However, their durability is compromised by continuous compressive forces and friction, leading to surface abrasion and material fracturing. To address these challenges, an innovative fabric‐reinforced structure combined with a dual‐L backrest design is developed that enhances anti‐fracture capabilities and electric outputs while enabling AI‐empowered motion monitoring. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the negative triboelectric material with a dual‐L backrest design, while insulated copper wire (icuW) serves as the positive triboelectric material with an annular structure design. These components are intricately nested to enable a multilayered friction pairing. The fabric‐reinforced structure demonstrates excellent compressive rebound resilience, withstanding forces of at least 1000 N. The functional insole, featuring a fabric‐reinforced dual‐L backrest structure (FRdL‐insole), efficiently harvests biomechanical energy with a peak power of 8214 µW and maintains highly consistent performance after 10 washing cycles and 60 000 durability tests. It can power portable electronic devices such as digital watches, calculators, hygrometers, and LEDs. Enhanced with machine learning algorithms, the FRdL‐insole processes sensor signals to monitor human movements, accurately identifying seven distinct motions. This positions the insole as a smart, real‐time, self‐powered tool for activity recognition, showcasing its potential in intelligent wearable technology.
Ultraflexible Vertical Corbino Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Epidermal Signal Monitoring
Authors: Lee Inho , Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Youngseok , Shin Dongjoon , Lee Hyeongbeom , Won Jonghyun , Kang Keehoon , Choi Jun‐Gyu , Yoon Myung‐Han , Park Sungjun
Published: November 2024

Skin‐conformal organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted significant attention for real‐time physiological signal monitoring and are vital for health diagnostics and treatments. However, mechanical harmonization amid the inherent dynamic nature of the skin surface and the acquisition of intrinsic physiological signals are significant challenges that hinder the integration of the ultimate skin interface. Thus, this study proposes a novel 4‐terminal (4‐T) vertical Corbino OECT, exhibiting high transconductance (>400 mS) and offering remarkable resilience and operational stability at an extremely low voltage of 10 mV (1.9% of minimal current change after 104 biasing cycles and endurance up to 103 cycles of repetitive deformation with a 5 µm bending radius). Consequently, ultralow‐power, motion‐resistant epidermal electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram sensors are developed with an exceptional signal‐to‐noise ratio of 40.1 dB. The results of this study present a significant stride in non‐invasive, skin‐interfaced health‐monitoring technologies and herald a new era in integrative health technologies.
Impaired Iron–Sulfur Cluster Synthesis Induces Mitochondrial PARthanatos in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Mengyi , Zhang Shiwu , Tian Jinwei , Yang Fan , Chen He , Bai Shuzhi , Kang Jiaxin , Pang Kemiao , Huang Jiayi , Dong Mingjie , Dong Shiyun , Tian Zhen , Fang Shaohong , Fan Huitao , Lu Fanghao , Yu Bo , Li Shuijie , Zhang Weihua
Published: November 2024

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a severe complication of diabetes, is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Despite its severity, the intrinsic factors governing cardiomyocyte damage in DCM remain unclear. It is hypothesized that impaired iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster synthesis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DCM. Reduced S‐sulfhydration of cysteine desulfurase (NFS1) is a novel mechanism that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and PARthanatos in DCM. Mechanistically, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) supplementation restores NFS1 S‐sulfhydration at cysteine 383 residue, thereby enhancing Fe–S cluster synthesis, improving mitochondrial function, increasing cardiomyocyte viability, and alleviating cardiac damage. This study provides novel insights into the interplay between Fe–S clusters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PARthanatos, highlighting a promising therapeutic target for DCM and paving the way for potential clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Living Therapeutics for Synergistic Hydrogen‐Photothermal Cancer Treatment by Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Yingyi , Deng Xiaolian , Xia Lili , Liang Jianghui , Chen Meng , Xu Xiaoling , Chen Wei , Ding Jianwei , Yu Chengjie , Liu Limei , Xiang Yang , Lin Yiliang , Duan Fangfang , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Gao Xiang
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen gas (H2) therapy, recognized for its inherent biosafety, holds significant promise as an anti‐cancer strategy. However, the efficacy of H2 treatment modalities is compromised by their reliance on systemic gas administration or chemical reactions generation, which suffers from low efficiency, poor targeting, and suboptimal utilization. In this study, living therapeutics are employed using photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides for in situ H2 production combined with near‐infrared (NIR) mediated photothermal therapy. Living R. sphaeroides exhibits strong absorption in the NIR spectrum, effectively converting light energy into thermal energy while concurrently generating H2. This dual functionality facilitates the targeted induction of tumor cell death and substantially reduces collateral damage to adjacent normal tissues. The findings reveal that integrating hydrogen therapy with photothermal effects, mediated through photosynthetic bacteria, provides a robust, dual‐modality approach that enhances the overall efficacy of tumor treatments. This living therapeutic strategy not only leverages the therapeutic potential of both hydrogen and photothermal therapeutic modalities but also protects healthy tissues, marking a significant advancement in cancer therapy techniques.
Variable‐Range Hopping Conduction in Amorphous, Non‐Stoichiometric Gallium Oxide
Authors: Hein Philipp , Romstadt Tobias , Draber Fabian , Ryu Jinseok , Böger Thorben , Falkenstein Andreas , Kim Miyoung , Martin Manfred
Published: November 2024

Amorphous, non‐stoichiometric gallium oxide (a‐GaOx, x < 1.5) is a promising material for many electronic devices, such as resistive switching memories, neuromorphic circuits and photodetectors. So far, all respective measurements are interpreted with the explicit or implicit assumption of n‐type band transport above the conduction band mobility edge. In this study, the experimental and theoretical results consistently show for the first time that for an O/Ga ratio x of 0.8 to 1.0 the dominating electron transport mechanism is, however, variable‐range hopping (VRH) between localized states, even at room temperature and above. The measured conductivity exhibits the characteristic exponential temperature dependence on T−1/4, in remarkable agreement with Mott's iconic law for VRH. Localized states near the Fermi level are confirmed by photoelectron spectroscopy and density of states (DOS) calculations. The experimental conductivity data is reproduced quantitatively by kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of the VRH mechanism, based on the ab‐initio DOS. High electric field strengths F cause elevated electron temperatures and an exponential increase of the conductivity with F1/2. Novel results concerning surface oxidation, magnetoresistance, Hall effect, thermopower and electron diffusion are also reported. The findings lead to a new understanding of a‐GaOx devices, also with regard to metal|a‐GaOx Schottky barriers.
Sulfide/Polymer Composite Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Sijie , Zhou Le , Zhong Tingjun , Wu Xin , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: November 2024

This review introduces solid electrolytes based on sulfide/polymer composites which are used in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, describing the use of polymers as plasticizer, the lithium‐ion conductive channel, the preparation methods of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), including dry methods and wet methods with their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the physicochemical stability of sulfide/polymer composite based solid‐state electrolytes is analyzed. The sulfide/polymer composite based solid‐state electrolyte can be utilized in lithium metal or lithium sulfur batteries. However, there are still many problems left to be solved in practical applications of these solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, several solutions are explored. Firstly, the ultra‐long life cycle of batteries can be achieved by thinning the composite electrolyte. Secondly, when sulfur is applied as the positive electrode, the thinning electrolyte can reduce polarization and other problems. Finally, an integrated battery is employed to reduce the interface impedance. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide valuable insights into the future development of high‐performance solid‐state electrolytes in lithium battery technology.
A Hypothesis on the Function of High‐Valent Fe in NiFe (Hydr)oxide in the Oxygen‐Evolution Reaction
Authors: Akbari Nader , Shah Jafar Hussain , Hu Cejun , Nandy Subhajit , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Ge Rile , Farid Sumbal , Dong Changchang , Zhang Liang , Chae Keun Hwa , Xie Wei , Liu Taifeng , Wang Junhu , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the dynamic changes in NiFe (hydr)oxide and identified the role of high‐valent Fe in the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) within alkaline media via in situ techniques. Several high‐valent Fe ions were found to remain considerably stable in the absence of potential in NiFe (hydr)oxide, even 96 hours after the OER. For Ni2+ hydroxide treated with 57Fe ions, where Fe sites are introduced onto the surface of Ni2+ hydroxide, no Fe4+ species were detected at the rate‐determining step (RDS). The findings of this study suggested that the oxidation of bulk Fe ions, similar to Ni ions, to high valent forms, is charge accumulation without a direct role in OER; these results offered a novel perspective on manipulating Fe states to optimize OER efficacy. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that trace amounts of high‐valent Fe ions, notably those on the surface, directly participate in OER.
Cardiac arrest during alveolar recruitment manoeuvre under general anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Larsen M. C. , Soni U. K.
Published: November 2024

A 67‐year‐old woman with no history of cardiovascular disease, undergoing an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, experienced severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest immediately following an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre under general anaesthesia. Prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored cardiac output within 2–3 min. Postoperatively, she remained stable and was discharged following 24 h of monitoring. The cardiac arrest was likely triggered by vagal nerve stimulation and activation of intrinsic cardiac reflexes by the alveolar recruitment manoeuvre. The event emphasises a rare, but significant, risk of the routine management of pulmonary atelectasis.
Heat transfer characteristics of petroleum coke particle packed bed: An experimental and CFD simulation study
Authors: Huang Jindi , Lu Hui , Li Jing , Yang Youming
Published: November 2024

Due to the complexity of the internal pore structure of petroleum coke loose particle‐packed beds, measuring their thermal conductivity has always been a challenging problem. This work independently developed an experimental apparatus for testing the thermal conductivity of petroleum coke particle‐packed beds and constructed a forward calculation model for the heat transfer process, which was based on one‐dimensional unsteady heat transfer. Using the Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer (SNOPT) algorithm, a mathematical relationship between the thermal conductivity λ of the coke bed, temperature T, and equivalent particle diameter dp was established through inverse modeling. Concurrently, a digital model of the petroleum coke particle packed bed was derived utilizing three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) scanning technology, and a pore‐scale gas–solid radiation heat transfer model was formulated based on CFD simulation technology, thereby further elucidating the heat transfer mechanism within the petroleum coke particle packed bed. The research results indicate that the temperature predicted by the established thermal conductivity model aligns well with experimental data. Further CFD simulation studies demonstrate that a smaller particle size leads to a larger temperature difference between the wall and the center of the packed bed, while a higher gas velocity results in a smaller temperature difference, with a linear correlation observed between these two factors. At high temperatures, thermal radiation between particles in the porous petroleum coke‐packed bed plays a dominant role. The research outcomes can offer significant theoretical support for a profound analysis of the heat transfer behavior of petroleum coke‐packed beds within a vertical shaft calciner.
Flat biofilms extrusion of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate blends: Toward ecological packaging for sustainability
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Barreto José Vinícius Melo , de Albuquerque Filho Mário Alberto , Bezerra Elieber Barros , da Silva Flávio Urbano , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: November 2024

Blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PBAT‐g‐GMA) were developed to produce flat and flexible biofilms through extrusion. The PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, and 60%/40% by mass) blends were processed in the internal mixer, injection molded, and manufactured into flat films. The optimal composition to produce flexible biofilms was PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (60/40%), as it demonstrated a decrease in elastic modulus of 53.2% and a significant gain in elongation at a break of 4923% about pure PLA. The incorporation of 40% PBAT‐g‐GMA in PLA increased the torque (Z) by 208%, while the melt flow index (MFI) decreased by 51.57%, compared to PLA. Additionally, the degradation rate (Rz) and molar mass loss (Rm) during processing were minimized, indicating that 40% PBAT‐g‐GMA enhanced stability of the PLA matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated interactions between the GMA of PBAT‐g‐GMA and PLA, justifying the increase in viscosity and elongation at break. The PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (60/40%) composition showed a transmittance in the range of 20%–48% (400–800 nm) and an oxygen gas permeability of 1.56 × 10−5 cm3 STP/cm−2 h bar, indicating its potential for applications in packaging with optical barrier properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ligaments in the interfacial region between PLA and PBAT‐g‐GMA, confirming the good performance in elongation at break. The results presented are essential for the plastics processing sector, aiming to develop eco‐friendly packaging.
Characterization of Incident Interstitial Lung Disease in Late Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hoa Sabrina , Berger Claudie , Lahmek Nouha , Larché Maggie , Osman Mohammed , Choi May , Pope Janet , Thorne Carter ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Hudson Marie
Published: November 2024

Objective

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common and potentially lethal complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Screening by high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is recommended in all patients with risk factors, including early disease. Little is known on late presentations of ILD. This study aimed to characterize the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of late‐onset SSc‐ILD.

Methods

Study participants enrolled in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort from 2004 to 2020 without prevalent ILD were included. Incidence and risk factors for ILD (on HRCT) were compared according to disease duration above (late) and below (earlier) seven years from the first non‐Raynaud manifestation. Risk of ILD progression was compared using Kaplan‐Meier and multivariable Cox models.

Results

Overall, 199 (21%) of 969 patients developed incident ILD over a median of 2.4 (interquartile range 1.2–4.3) years. The incidence rate in late SSc (3.7/100 person‐years) was lower than in earlier SSc (relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.92). Risk factors for incident ILD included male sex, diffuse subtype, myositis, antitopoisomerase I autoantibodies, and higher C‐reactive protein levels. Patients with late‐onset ILD were also less frequently White and more frequently had arthritis and anti‐RNA‐polymerase III autoantibodies. Lung disease severity was similar between late‐ and earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD (forced vital capacity 88% and 87%, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide 64% and 62%, respectively). Progression rates were also similar between late‐ and earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD (log rank P = 0.8, hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.58–2.10).

Conclusion

ILD can present in late SSc. Risk factors and progression rates overlapped with earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD. Surveillance for ILD should continue in longstanding SSc. Frequency and modality of monitoring remain to be defined.
Fast finite‐time stabilization of stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraints and an application to single‐link robot
Authors: Zhao Xuejing , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Wei , Sun Zong‐Yao
Published: November 2024

This article studies the fast finite‐time stabilization problem for stochastic nonlinear systems with asymmetric output constraints. To address the issue of slow convergence encountered in previous finite‐time control designs of stochastic nonlinear constrained systems, this paper extends the fast finite‐time stabilization mechanism to such systems. First, a novel asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is employed to tackle the output constraint. Then, by adding a power integrator technique and the barrier Lyapunov function, a state‐feedback controller for stochastic nonlinear systems is explicitly designed using the backstepping method. The designed controller achieves fast finite‐time stability in probability of the stochastic nonlinear system while ensuring no violation of the output constraints. Finally, two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller scheme.
Opportunities for biogas production from algal biomass
Authors: Anacleto Thuane M , Soares Nathália B , de Lelis Diego‐Caetano C , de Oliveira Vinícius P , Enrich‐Prast Alex
Published: November 2024

Energy security is a critical global challenge in the transition to sustainable development. Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a promising renewable energy solution that mitigates environmental impacts. Algae, as biomass feedstock, have shown significant potential for bioenergy production; however, their complex chemical composition poses challenges to the efficiency of the AD process. To address these limitations, various pretreatment methods have been applied to enhance biogas production. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of different pretreatments on methane (CH₄) yields from both microalgae and macroalgae. Our results demonstrate that biological, physical, and combined chemical–physical pretreatments significantly improve CH₄ production in microalgae, with increases of up to 141%, 125%, and 151%, respectively. For macroalgae, physical pretreatments were the most effective, leading to a 129% increase in CH₄ yield. We also estimate that utilizing just 10% of the global algal biomass production (3.6 Mt) could generate over 5.5 TWh y−1 of energy. This potential could be doubled with the application of appropriate pretreatment strategies. These findings highlight the role of algae in advancing renewable energy production and contribute to the growing body of knowledge on optimizing AD processes for cleaner energy generation.
The impact of trauma on students' emotions and behaviors in school
Authors: Alexander Kira
Published: November 2024

To say teachers and other school staff are overworked and underpaid is an understatement. Teachers play the role of counselors, mentors, comforters, disciplinarians, security, and educators to large groups of children, sometimes up to 20 or more in a single class. It is also an understatement to say that teachers want their classrooms to run smoothly, with minimal emotional or behavioral challenges to disrupt an already busy school day. When students act out, it can be easy to see the child as the behavior and judge them accordingly without considering the function or root cause of that behavior.
Social media plus profits spell danger for youth: NIDA director
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2024

Putting profits over public health is not endorsed by Nora Volkow, M.D., director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). She had some choice words for commercial interests involved in the addiction field in a brave Sept. 26 blog. Preying on the vulnerable — with drugs, social media, gambling, processed food, and other addictive products — is something she knows how to zone in on as an evil.
Anti‐mold properties of fermented apple juice in bread
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , Rémillard Nathalie
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Bread may be spoiled by mold, which results in major economic losses. The aim of this study was to optimize the anti‐mold properties of apple juice fermented with Propionibacterium freudenreichii to get high levels of propionic acid with lesser amounts of acetic acid, which impairs bread taste.

Findings

After fermentation for 7 days at 35°C, apple juice (half‐diluted to about 4% fermentable sugars; with 1% yeast extract; pH adjusted to 6.0) contained 1.0% propionic acid and little amounts of acetic acid (about 0.35%).

Conclusions

In bread, the anti‐mold activity of fermented apple juice (5%, fb) was similar to that of apple cider vinegar (2.44%, fb).

Significance and Novelty

Fermented apple juice is a novel mold inhibitor for bread that may replace apple cider vinegar and part of calcium propionate.
Synthesis of Core‐Functionalised Naphthalenediimides from Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride using a Vibratory Ball Mill: Bromination, Imidization and Heck‐Type Reactions
Authors: Dodson E. M. , Lawson T. E. , Lai‐Morrice J. , Emerit H. , Guest D. P. , Panther L. A. , Gonzalez‐Mendez R. , Roe S. M. , Goodall C. A. I. , Bagley M. C. , Spencer J. , Greenland B. W.
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of 9 core‐functionalised naphthalene diimide (c‐NDI) residues is reported via a 3‐step synthesis from naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride using only mechanochemical activation. Selective dibromination and subsequent diimidization were achieved for the first time in a vibratory ball mill, resulting in the key structural intermediate, 2,6‐dibromonaphthalenediimide (DBND), which is the basis for elaboration into a multitude of organic electronic materials. Our new synthesis of DBND is achieved in just 5 hours reaction time over two steps compared to typical solution state times of 24 hours. Subsequent Heck‐type cross coupling reactions, with a range of styrene residues, produced a series of c‐NDIs in good yields. The Heck‐type reactions are rapid (1.5 hours), require no additional heating or solvent and are tolerant of atmospheric moisture and air.
Real time optimization of distillation columns using data‐driven models
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos , Mhaskar Prashant , Mahalec Vladimir
Published: November 2024

This work presents a data‐driven model of a two‐product distillation tower that is suitable for real‐time optimization (RTO) of distillation columns. The proposed model accurately predicts product mass fractions using operating variables and tray temperatures by integrating a linear data‐driven inferential composition model (based on two tray temperatures in each section of the tower, reflux/distillate ratio, and reboiler duty/bottoms flow ratio) with a neural network (NN) model that predicts tray temperatures from the value of the manipulated variables. RTO is carried out via an iterative procedure where the sensitivity matrix is initially calculated from the model and updated using plant measurements from subsequent values. A butane splitter column is presented as a case study. Our results show that the implementation of the data‐driven model‐based RTO results in a solution that is within 0.1% of the optimization solution based on the rigorous tray‐to‐tray distillation simulation.
Carbon Dots Boost the Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation Reaction on Pt2Pd Nanosheet
Authors: Guo Jinzeng , Li Penghao , Chen Jinxin , Zhu Wenxiang , Ma Mengjie , Gao Dongdong , Qiu Pengcheng , Shao Qi , Liao Fan , Shao Mingwang
Published: November 2024

The development of efficient catalysts for high‐performance ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) is crucial for direct ammonia fuel cells. However, AOR is severely affected by slow kinetics and the toxicity of reaction intermediates, which reduce the durability of precious metal catalysts. Here, a two‐dimensional carbon dots modified Pt2Pd nanoporous alloy (Pt2Pd‐CDs) is synthesized through the borane morpholine reduction of a platinum palladium oxide nanosheet. The Pt2Pd_3 % CDs (the mass of CDs is 3 % of Pt2Pd) exhibits high AOR activity and stability in alkaline media, with an onset potential of 0.41 V vs. RHE, which is 170 mV lower than that of the commercial Pt/C (0.58 V vs. RHE). In addition, after 2000 cycles of accelerated durability testing, the peak mass activity (115.3 A gPGM−1) decreases by only 25.8 %. This enhancement is mainly attributed to the unique advantage of two‐dimensional nanoporous structure with a high electrochemical surface area, and the strong ammonia adsorption and the electron deliver capacity of CDs.
Real‐World Effectiveness of All‐Oral Direct‐Acting Antivirals in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus‐Related HCC
Authors: Chang Shao‐Hsuan , Cabrera Roniel , Heo Jihaeng , Park Chanhyun , Guo Jingchuan , Park Haesuk
Published: November 2024

The association between direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment and hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently unclear. Hence, we aim to assess the association between DAA treatment and mortality rate among Medicare beneficiaries with HCV‐related HCC. This retrospective cohort study screened 19,813 adults in 2013–2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data linked with Medicare data. Patients with HCV‐related HCC initiating DAA therapy after their first HCC diagnosis were compared with patients with HCV‐related HCC who received no HCV treatment. After inverse probability treatment weighting, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models compared mortality rates between the groups. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were based on HCC stage (early vs. advanced), type of HCC treatment (curative, palliative, none), and DAA treatment duration. In total 3,777 patients with HCV‐related HCC were identified (mean age: 68.2 years, 75.2% male, 61.8% White), of whom 19% initiated DAA therapy. Crude incidence mortality rates were 17.9 and 90.7 deaths per 100 person‐years in the DAA and HCV‐untreated groups, respectively. Cox regression models indicated that DAA therapy was associated with decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% CI 0.31–0.36). Median survival time was 45.7 (95% CI 40.9–57.9) months in the DAA group and 7.7 (95% CI 7.3–8.2) months in the HCV‐untreated group (P < 0.001). All subgroup and sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analyses. DAA therapy was associated with survival benefits for patients with HCV‐related HCC regardless of the stage or type of HCC treatment and should not be withheld from this population of Medicare beneficiaries.
Woody Encroachment Modifies Subsurface Structure and Hydrological Function
Authors: Jarecke Karla M. , Zhang Xi , Keen Rachel M. , Dumont Marc , Li Bonan , Sadayappan Kayalvizhi , Moreno Victoria , Ajami Hoori , Billings Sharon A. , Flores Alejandro N. , Hirmas Daniel R. , Kirk Matthew F. , Li Li , Nippert Jesse B. , Singha Kamini , Sullivan Pamela L.
Published: November 2024

Woody encroachment—the expansion of woody shrubs into grasslands—is a widely documented phenomenon with global significance for the water cycle. However, its effects on watershed hydrology, including streamflow and groundwater recharge, remain poorly understood. A key challenge is the limited understanding of how changes to root abundance, size and distribution across soil depths influence infiltration and preferential flow. We hypothesised that woody shrubs would increase and deepen coarse‐root abundance and effective soil porosity, thus promoting deeper soil water infiltration and increasing soil water flow velocities. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Kansas, where roughleaf dogwood (Cornus drummondii) is the predominant woody shrub encroaching into native tallgrass prairie. We quantified the distribution of coarse and fine roots and leveraged soil moisture time series and electrical resistivity imaging to analyse soil water flow beneath shrubs and grasses. We observed a greater fraction of coarse roots beneath shrubs compared to grasses, which was concurrent with greater saturated hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity. Half‐hourly rainfall and soil moisture data show that the average soil water flow through macropores was 135% greater beneath shrubs than grasses at the deepest B horizon, consistent with greater saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil‐moisture time series and electrical resistivity imaging also indicated that large rainfall events and greater antecedent wetness promoted more flow in the deeper layers beneath shrubs than beneath grasses. These findings suggest that woody encroachment alters soil hydrologic processes with cascading consequences for ecohydrological processes, including increased vertical connectivity and potential groundwater recharge.
Storage of Rabbit Meat in Vacuum Extends the Oxidative Stability of Fat
Authors: Vissio Annalisa , Grygier Anna , Składanowska‐Baryza Joanna , Kmiecik Dominik , Stanisz Marek , Majewski Arkadiusz , Rudzińska Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Meat quality is a very important factor for both food safety and consumer acceptance, and proper storage of meat can extend the time it stays fresh. This study thus looked at the effects of the atmosphere in which rabbit meat was stored on the oxidative stability of the meat and on its volatile compounds. Not only does the formation of oxidative products adversely affect the human body, but the compounds formed during oxidative changes also typically possess unpleasant aromas, leading to deterioration in the flavor of the meat. Our study analyzed three types of storage atmosphere for rabbit meat: vacuum (VAC), a modified atmosphere (LoOxMAP) composed of 60% CO2, 25% O2, and 15% N2, and an MAP (HiOxMAP) composed of 30% CO2 and 70% O2. The results show that the MAP with 70% oxygen (HiOxMAP) is the least beneficial variant of the three. Rabbit meat packed under HiOxMAP showed the greatest oxidative changes, and volatile compounds providing an unpleasant odor were detected. The fewest changes in meat stored for 21 days occurred in samples stored in VAC.

Practical Applications: For the long‐term storage of rabbit meat at refrigerated temperature, it is best to use a vacuum atmosphere to slow down the oxidative changes in the meat fat.
A novel biaxial shaking table and its performance when investigating seismic actions
Authors: Tiwari Rohit , Jimenez Arturo , Russell Adrian R.
Published: November 2024

The design of a new type of biaxial shaking table is presented. The shaking table is able to apply horizontal and vertical movements to models using two actuators. It is novel in that the two actuators are horizontally aligned, through its use of a scissor mechanism, and because of its compact design which permits simple anchorage to a laboratory strong floor. The scissor mechanism translates the movement of one of the actuators to a purely vertical movement at the table. The other actuator, which moves horizontally the scissor mechanism and its supports, causes the horizontal movement of the table. The horizontal and vertical movements are applied and controlled independently, individually or simultaneously. The capability of the shaking table to control and replicate a variety of uniaxial and biaxial movements is verified by conducting several shaking table experiments. This is done when the table is naked and when it supports a payload having a nonlinear dynamic response. Very good agreements between achieved and desired uniaxial and biaxial movements are attained. Rigidity of the scissor arm mechanism and connections, and preloaded roller bearings and rail blocks, are central to its success. Displacement errors, rolling, pitching and yawing of the table's top plate are negligible. The new table type is slightly more expensive than a uniaxial system, and substantially less expensive than a six degrees‐of freedom system, meaning biaxial vertical and horizontal shaking capability can now be achieved in a laboratory at reasonable cost.
Comparative Analysis of Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Nickel Oxide and Potassium‐Doped Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Karishma  , Tripathi Neeti , Pandey Ratnesh Kumar , Tripathi Ambuj , Asokan K. , Bhushan Vishal , Sharma Vikas
Published: November 2024

Metal oxide semiconductors, known for their exceptional optical transparency, high carrier mobility, and stability, have found extensive use in emerging technologies such as optoelectronics and energy storage devices. Among all metal oxide semiconductors, nickel oxide (NiO) stands out as a highly favorable candidate due to its p‐type conductivity along with its substantial band gap (3.5–4 eV) for the broad range of applications, including gas sensors, high‐rate Lithium‐ion batteries, high‐performance supercapacitors, and photovoltaic devices. In light of these versatile applications, our current study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the structural and optoelectronic properties of NiO and potassium (K)‐doped NiO nanocrystals. The nanocrystals were synthesized using the co‐precipitation route and subsequently annealed at 500°C under ambient conditions. The effect of K doping on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics was systematically examined using various techniques, including x‐ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements. To explore the structural characteristics, XRD measurements were performed, which confirm the FCC structure of nanocrystals. The optical property analysis suggested that the formation of the energy level can contribute to reduction of the band gap. A sharp peak at 397 cm−1 is associated with NiO bond in FTIR spectra which verifies the formation of nanocrystals. Moreover, the incorporation of K increases the intensity of the Raman peaks, which provides evidence for the higher degree of crystallinity in doped samples. These results of Raman scattering are in good agreement with XRD outcomes. In addition, the resistivity of NiO nanocrystals decreases monotonically with the increasing K concentration. The results of temperature‐dependent resistivity further demonstrate that electrons required more energy to jump from one polaron state to another in the case of x = 0.01 M and 0.03 M doped Ni0.5‐xKxO samples. The combination of a diminished band gap and enhanced conductivity makes these materials exceptionally promising for applications in optoelectronics and energy storage.