bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metallic radionuclide-labeled tetrameric 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azides for cancer treatment
Authors: Ode Yudai , Pradipta Ambara R. , Ishiwata Akihiro , Nambu Akihiro , Ohnuki Kazunobu , Mizuma Hiroshi , Haba Hiromitsu , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: February 2024

Oligomeric 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azides, equipped with chelators to form stable complexes with metallic radionuclides, were developed as a new radionuclide therapy method that takes advantage of endogenous acrolein overproduced by cancer cells.
Enantioselective merged gold/organocatalysis
Authors: Pegu Chayanika , Paroi Bidisha , Patil Nitin T.
Published: February 2024

This highlight demonstrates the state of the art in the field of the enantioselective merged gold/organocatalysis by leveraging the unique reactivity of each catalyst.
Anti-proliferative, -migratory and -clonogenic effects of long-lasting nitric oxide release in HepG2 cells
Authors: Bormon Rakhi , Srivastava Ekta , Ali Rafat , Singh Prerna , Kumar Ashok , Verma Sandeep
Published: February 2024

We have synthesized 6,9-disubstituted purines that exhibit sustained release of nitric oxide in the presence of glutathione, displaying significant anticancer properties in HepG2 cells.
Facet-specific ligand dynamics: scaling the descriptors of Cs2AgBiBr6 nanocrystals
Authors: Mondal Anamika , Ahuja Manuj , Johari Priya , Bhattacharyya Sayan
Published: February 2024

Facet control facilitated by primary amines can enhance the optoelectronic characteristics of A2BIB′IIIX6 perovskite nanocrystals, particularly those with large indirect bandgaps.
Learning conditional policies for crystal design using offline reinforcement learning
Authors: Govindarajan Prashant , Miret Santiago , Rector-Brooks Jarrid , Phielipp Mariano , Rajendran Janarthanan , Chandar Sarath
Published: February 2024

Conservative Q-learning for band-gap conditioned crystal design with DFT evaluations – the model is trained on trajectories constructed from crystals in the Materials Project. Results indicate promising performance for lower band gap targets.
Guidelines for hardware-focused articles
Authors: Hein Jason E. , Schrier Joshua
Published: February 2024

In this editorial we set expectations and requirements for submissions describing discovery-enabling hardware.
Retraction: Ruthenium(ii) CNN Pincer Complexes as Efficient Catalysts in Oxidative Annulation of Aromatic Acids with Alkynes to Isocoumarins
Authors: Howells-Wyllie Sally
Published: February 2024

Retraction of ‘Ruthenium(ii) CNN Pincer Complexes as Efficient Catalysts in Oxidative Annulation of Aromatic Acids with Alkynes to Isocoumarins’ by Periasamy Viswanathamurthi et al., New J. Chem., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ03745B.
Dynamic interactions between SPX proteins, the ubiquitination machinery, and signalling molecules for stress adaptation at a whole-plant level
Authors: Collins Emma , Shou Huixia , Mao Chuanzao , Whelan James , Jost Ricarda
Published: February 2024

The plant macronutrient phosphorus is a scarce resource and plant-available phosphate is limiting in most soil types. Generally, a gene regulatory module called the phosphate starvation response (PSR) enables efficient phosphate acquisition by roots and translocation to other organs. Plants growing on moderate to nutrient-rich soils need to co-ordinate availability of different nutrients and repress the highly efficient PSR to adjust phosphate acquisition to the availability of other macro- and micronutrients, and in particular nitrogen. PSR repression is mediated by a small family of single SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 (SPX) domain proteins. The SPX domain binds higher order inositol pyrophosphates that signal cellular phosphorus status and modulate SPX protein interaction with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), the central transcriptional regulator of PSR. Sequestration by SPX repressors restricts PHR1 access to PSR gene promoters. Here we focus on SPX4 that primarily acts in shoots and sequesters many transcription factors other than PHR1 in the cytosol to control processes beyond the classical PSR, such as nitrate, auxin, and jasmonic acid signalling. Unlike SPX1 and SPX2, SPX4 is subject to proteasomal degradation not only by singular E3 ligases, but also by SCF–CRL complexes. Emerging models for these different layers of control and their consequences for plant acclimation to the environment will be discussed.
Elucidating the role of intrinsic adenosine A1 receptors in acute alcoholism using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes
Authors: Nagata Takako , Huang Yuning George
Published: February 2024

Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) from binge drinking is a serious disease. It is associated with a high mortality rate, especially among young adults. Apoptosis is known to be a primary cause of liver damage, and it can be induced by either intrinsic signaling pathways or by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adenosine A1 receptors (ADORA1) are known to be involved in ethanol metabolism; however, underlying mechanism is not well understood. For investigating how the intrinsic ADORA1 function in ethanol metabolism in normal human hepatocytes without interference by extrinsic molecules, primary hepatocytes pose a challenge, due to unavoidable contamination by other kinds of cells in the liver. Also, they are difficult to culture stably. As a novel alternative, hepatocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were employed because they display similar function to primary hepatocytes and they can be stably cultured. The dynamics and integrity of signal transduction mechanisms were investigated by following chronological changes in gene expression. This shed light on how and when the ADORA1 function and on causal relationships between the pathways and clinical symptoms. The findings of the present study shows that ADORA1 are most activated soon after exposure to ethanol, and transfection of small interfering RNA targeting ADORA1-messenger-RNA (ADORA1-siRNA) into the hepatocytes significantly suppresses production of actin protein and ROS. It suggests that ADORA1 in the liver contribute to apoptosis in acute alcoholism through both intrinsic pathway and ROS activity. Also, actin that is abundant in the cells could be an appropriate biomarker evaluating hepatic function status.
The malarial blood transcriptome: translational applications
Authors: Dunican Claire , Andradi-Brown Clare , Ebmeier Stefan , Georgiadou Athina , Cunnington Aubrey J.
Published: February 2024

The blood transcriptome of malaria patients has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and host immune responses to disease, identify candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and reveal new therapeutic targets for drug discovery. This review gives a high-level overview of the three main translational applications of these studies (diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics) by summarising recent literature and outlining the main limitations and future directions of each application. It highlights the need for consistent and accurate definitions of disease states and subject groups and discusses how prognostic studies must distinguish clearly between analyses that attempt to predict future disease states and those which attempt to discriminate between current disease states (classification). Lastly it examines how many promising therapeutics fail due to the choice of imperfect animal models for pre-clinical testing and lack of appropriate validation studies in humans, and how future transcriptional studies may be utilised to overcome some of these limitations.
A joint resource optimization allocation algorithm for NOMA‐D2D communication
Authors: Xie Jianli , Li Lin , Li Cuiran
Published: February 2024

The AIoT, with its artificial intelligence capabilities, can further enhance Device‐to‐Device (D2D) communication. Based on Non‐Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), D2D technology can effectively alleviate wireless spectrum resource pressure and improve the capacity of heterogeneous cellular networks. However, it also introduces significant system interference issues. In this paper, a resource allocation algorithm is proposed for the NOMA‐D2D heterogeneous cellular network, based on a multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning framework. Firstly, the algorithm allocates appropriate channels to D2D clusters. Then, the power allocation factors and D2D transmit power are jointly optimized to suppress the interference and improve the system performance. Simulation results show that both the channel allocation efficiency and the power control performance of the system can be significantly improved.
Virtual position predictive control with system delay observer to improve PMLSM position tracking accuracy
Authors: Wang Rongkun , Su Congwei , Du Quankai , Xiong Qibin , Zhuang Yujia , Zhang Xinyi , Guo Xinhua
Published: February 2024

To improve the position tracking accuracy of permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSM), this paper introduces a virtual position predictive control (VPPC) with a system delay observer (SDO). Un‐like conventional position predictive control (CPPC), which ignores the complexity of prediction models and velocity adjustments, the proposed VPPC combines a simplified position model with an active variable speed control. This design accelerates mover response and increases maximum reference speeds through active adjustments to better estimate the predicted output. Since the prediction period in CPPC often misaligns with the system delay, resulting in additional prediction errors, this paper further explores the relationship between predictive periods and system delay. Based on this analysis and a unified modelling concept, an SDO is included to observe and compensate for system delay, correcting the prediction period and optimising the control model. Experimental results on a PMLSM platform confirm the superior position tracking performance of the VPPC with SDO compared to conventional controllers.
Radio relics in massive galaxy cluster mergers in the TNG-Cluster simulation
Authors: Lee W. , Pillepich A. , ZuHone J. , Nelson D. , Jee M. J. , Nagai D. , Finner K.
Published: February 2024

Radio relics are diffuse synchrotron sources in the outskirts of merging galaxy clusters energized by the merger shocks. In this paper, we present an overview of the radio relics in massive cluster mergers identified in the new TNG-Cluster simulation. This is a suite of magnetohydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulations of 352 massive galaxy clusters with M500c = 1014.0 − 15.3 M⊙ sampled from a 1 Gpc-sized cosmological box. The simulations were performed using the moving-mesh code AREPO with the galaxy formation model and high numerical resolution consistent with the TNG300 run of the IllustrisTNG series. We post-processed the shock properties obtained from the on-the-fly shock finder to estimate the diffuse radio emission generated by cosmological shockwaves for a total of ∼300 radio relics at redshift z = 0 − 1. TNG-Cluster returned a variety of radio relics with diverse morphologies, encompassing classical examples of double radio relics, single relics, and “inverted” radio relics that are convex to the cluster center. Moreover, the simulated radio relics reproduced both the abundance and statistical relations of observed relics. We find that extremely large radio relics (> 2 Mpc) are predominantly produced in massive cluster mergers with M500c ≳ 8 × 1014 M⊙. This underscores the significance of simulating massive mergers to study giant radio relics similar to those found in observations. We released a library of radio relics from the TNG-Cluster simulation, which will serve as a crucial reference for upcoming next-generation surveys.
Contribution of very massive stars to the sulfur abundance in star-forming galaxies: Role of pair-instability supernovae
Authors: Goswami S. , Vilchez J. M. , Pérez-Díaz B. , Silva L. , Bressan A. , Pérez-Montero E.
Published: February 2024

Context. Recent work presented increasing evidence of high non-constant S/O abundance ratios observed in star-forming metal-poor galaxies that deviated from the constant canonical S/O across a wide range of O/H abundances. Similar peculiarly high Fe/O ratios have also recently been detected.

Aims. We investigate whether these high S/O ratios at low metallicities could be explained when the process of pair-instability supernovae (PISN) in chemical modelling is included, through which a similar behaviour of the Fe/O ratios was reproduced successfully.

Methods. We used chemical evolution models that considered the stages of PISN in the previously published yields and adopted a suitable initial mass function (IMF) to characterize this evolutionary stage appropriately.

Results. The peculiarly high values and the behaviour of the observed S/O versus O/H relation can be reproduced when the ejecta of very massive stars that go through the process of PISN are taken into account. Additionally, a bimodal top-heavy IMF and an initial strong burst of star formation are required to reach the reported high S/O values.

Conclusions. We show that the role of very massive stars going through the process of PISN should be taken into account to explain the chemical enrichment of sulphur and oxygen in metal-poor star-forming regions.
Narrow spectra of repeating fast radio bursts: A magnetospheric origin
Authors: Wang Wei-Yang , Yang Yuan-Pei , Li Hong-Bo , Liu Jifeng , Xu Renxin
Published: February 2024

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) can present a variety of polarization properties and some of them are characterized by narrow spectra. In this work, we study spectral properties from the perspective of intrinsic radiation mechanisms and absorption through the waves propagating in the magnetosphere. The intrinsic radiation mechanisms are considered by invoking quasi-periodic bunch distribution and perturbations on charged bunches moving on curved trajectories. The narrowband emission is likely to reflect some quasi-periodic structure on the bulk of bunches, which may be due to quasi-periodically sparking in a “gap” or quasi-monochromatic Langmuir waves. A sharp spike would appear in the spectrum if the perturbations were to induce a monochromatic oscillation of bunches; however, it is difficult to create a narrow spectrum because the Lorentz factor has large fluctuations, so the spike disappears. Both the bunching mechanism and perturbations scenarios share the same polarization properties, with a uniformly distributed bulk of bunches. We investigated the absorption effects, including Landau damping and curvature self-absorption in the magnetosphere, which are significant at low frequencies. Subluminous O-mode photons cannot escape from the magnetosphere due to the Landau damping, leading to a height-dependent lower frequency cut-off. The spectra can be narrow when the frequency cut-off is close to the characteristic frequency of curvature radiation, however, such conditions cannot always be met. The spectral index is 5/3 at low-frequency bands due to the curvature self-absorption is not as steep as what is seen in observations. The intrinsic radiation mechanisms are more likely to generate the observed narrow spectra of FRBs, rather than the absorption effects.
Improved reconstruction of solar magnetic fields from imaging spectropolarimetry through spatio-temporal regularisation
Authors: de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Leenaarts J.
Published: February 2024

Context.Determination of solar magnetic fields with a spatial resolution set by the diffraction limit of a telescope is difficult because the time required to measure the Stokes vector with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio is long compared to the solar evolution timescale. This difficulty becomes greater with increasing telescope size as the photon flux per diffraction-limited resolution element remains constant but the evolution timescale decreases linearly with the diffraction-limited resolution.

Aims.We aim to improve magnetic field reconstruction at the diffraction limit without averaging the observations in time or space, and without applying noise filtering.

Methods.The magnetic field vector tends to evolve more slowly than the temperature, velocity, or microturbulence. We exploit this by adding temporal regularisation terms for the magnetic field to the linear least-squares fitting used in the weak-field approximation, as well as to the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm used in inversions. The other model parameters are allowed to change in time without constraints. We infer the chromospheric magnetic field from Ca II854.2 nm observations using the weak field approximation and the photospheric magnetic field from Fe I617.3 nm observations, both with and without temporal regularisation.

Results.Temporal regularisation reduces the noise in the reconstructed maps of the magnetic field and provides a better coherency in time in both the weak-field approximation and Milne-Eddington inversions.

Conclusions.Temporal regularisation markedly improves magnetic field determination from spatially and temporally resolved observations.
Green financing strategies under risk aversion and manufacturer competition
Authors: Liu Guangdong , Chen Jinggui , Li Ziyang
Published: February 2024

In order to address the financial constraints of enterprises to promote green R&D and industrial green transformation, this study investigated a competitive supply chain consisting of a retailers, a general manufacturer, and a capital-constrained green manufacturer under risk aversion and capital shortage. It established models with and without capital constraints, retailer financing, and bank financing for the green manufacturer and retailer under risk aversion, and explored how the green competitive supply chain could obtain optimal financing strategies. The research findings are as follows: (1) When the financing interest rates are equal, the green manufacturer should prefer the retailer financing model, and regardless of the financing method, the increase in interest rates is extremely detrimental to retailers. (2) The increase in the degree of risk aversion of the green manufacturer is not conducive to the long-term development of competitors and itself, but is beneficial to the retailer, but it will cause further instability in the market. However, the increase in the degree of risk aversion of the retailer is only detrimental to itself and beneficial to the supply chain partners.
Organsystem Plazenta
Authors: Klotzsch Anne-Katrin
Published: February 2024

Wunderwerk mit großem Forschungspotenzial

Für uns Hebammen ist klar, welch tragende Bedeutung die Plazenta rund um
Schwangerschaft und Geburt hat und wir ziehen sie stets in Betracht: Sie versorgt
mit lebenswichtigen Stoffen, entsorgt Abfallprodukte, verbindet Mutter und Kind bis
zum Ablösen nach der Geburt. Anlass genug, der Plazenta den Schwerpunkt zu
widmen:
Plazentaphysiologie: Das Atemabkommen zwischen Mutter und
Kind
Authors: Andres Sophia
Published: February 2024

Die Plazenta ist der Umschlagplatz für Sauer- und Kohlenstoff zwischen
Mutter und Kind. Verschiedene Faktoren können die Plazentaphysiologie
oder ihre Funktion beeinträchtigen und auf diese Weise den Gasaustausch
stören. Sie zu kennen, erleichtert es Hebammen, das Wohlbefinden und
Kompensationsmechanismen des Kindes während der Geburt differenzierter
zu beurteilen.
Lotusgeburt – Übergangsritual und Symbol der
Selbstbestimmtheit der Frauen
Authors: Wana Margarete
Published: February 2024

Kind und Plazenta als Einheit, die sich von selbst voneinander lösen soll
– im deutschsprachigen Raum gibt es wenige Eltern, die sich das
wünschen. Was ihre Motivation ist, ob dahinter auch wissenschaftlich
belegte Vorteile für Mutter und Kind stecken oder ob dieser esoterische
Ansatz im Kreissaal nur fehlplatziert ist, beleuchtet dieser Artikel.
Die robotisch-assistierte Hebung der DIEP-Lappenplastik zur
Brustrekonstruktion: Fallbericht, technische Aspekte und Identifikation
geeigneter Patientinnen
Authors: Hohenstein Ayla Antonia , Kraus Daniel , Zeller Johannes , Schneider Laura Anna , Liakos Nikolaos , Gratzke Christian , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Eisenhardt Steffen
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund Die robotisch-assistierte Hebung der Deep inferior epigastric
perforator (DIEP)-Lappenplastik ist eine innovative Modifikation der
konventionellen, als Standard etablierten offenen Präparation zur autologen
Brustrekonstruktion. Dabei wird angenommen, dass die kürzere Faszieninzision bei
der robotisch-assistierten DIEP-Hebung die Hebemorbidität (Hernien, Bulging)
verringert.

Material und Methoden Wir beschreiben hier erstmals einen Fall der
robotisch-assistierten DIEP-Hebung in Deutschland, der am Universitätsklinikum
Freiburg in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit der Kliniken für Plastische
Chirurgie, Urologie und Gynäkologie durchgeführt wurde. Um die Wertigkeit dieser
neuen Technik weiter zu bestimmen führten wir retrospektiv eine
Bedarfskalkulation und Kostenanalyse anhand der zwischen April 2021 und Mai 2023
in der Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg
durchgeführten Brustrekonstruktionen mit DIEP-Lappenplastik durch. Eine
retrospektive Analyse der präoperativen CT-Angiografien wurde durchgeführt, um
den Anteil der für ein robotisch-assistiertes Verfahren geeigneten Patientinnen
post hoc zu ermitteln. Wir beleuchten des Weiteren grundlegende Techniken der
robotisch-assistierten Technik und besprechen die laparoskopischen Zugangswege
TEP und TAPP.

Ergebnisse Ein kurzer intramuskulärer Verlauf≤25 mm und ein
Perforatordurchmesser≥1,5 mm bzw.≥2,7 mm (Subgruppe) wurden entsprechend der
Literatur als geeignete Voraussetzung zum robotisch-assistieren Verfahren für
unsere Analyse festgelegt. Von den 65 gehobenen DIEP-Lappenplastiken bei 51
Patientinnen erfüllten 26 DIEP-Lappenplastiken in 22 Patientinnen, bzw. 10
DIEP-Lappenplastiken in 10 Patientinnen die Kriterien (Subgruppe). Für die 26
identifizierten DIEP-Lappenplastiken konnte eine potenzielle Verkürzung der
Faszieninzision von 96,8±25,21 mm (Mittelwert±Standardabweichung) bestimmt
werden. Der Materialkostenmehraufwand betrug in unserem Fall 986,01 €. Zudem war
die Ischämiezeit 33,5 Minuten länger als der Median der Kohorte.

Schlussfolgerung Das robotisch-assistierte Verfahren hat sich bereits als
eine machbare Alternative bei geeignetem Patientinnenkollektiv erwiesen. Dass
die robotisch-assistierte DIEP-Hebung die Hebedefektmorbidität tatsächlich senkt
und somit den Kosten-/Mehraufwand gerechtfertigt ist, ist jedoch durch weitere
Studien zu zeigen.
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Complicated With Sinistral Portal Hypertension And Mechanical Obstruction Of The Colon: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Guijie , Wen Shuaiyong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Kun , Cui Yunfeng
Published: February 2024

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is often associated with acute necrotic collection (ANC) or walled-off necrosis (WON). Due to the close anatomical connection between the pancreas, the spleen, and the transverse colon, necrotizing pancreatitis is often combined with spleen or colon involvement. Gastrointestinal dysfunction usually caused by pancreatitis leads to paralytic intestinal obstruction. However, pancreatitis combined with mechanical colonic obstruction is extremely rare. It can easily be misdiagnosed as malignant intestinal obstruction, and diagnosing the cause of intestinal obstruction becomes more critical when accompanied by Sinistral portal hypertension (SPH). Surgical resection is the primary method for the previous occurrence of colonic complications. In this case report, upon admission, a 37-year-old patient was diagnosed with acute necrotizing pancreatitis with sinistral portal hypertension. On the 6th day after admission, the patient developed a sudden colonic obstruction. After identifying the cause, the patient underwent a transanal decompression tube and minimally invasive necrosectomy, avoiding colon resection. In acute necrotizing pancreatitis combined with colonic mechanical obstruction, it is essential to clarify the etiology, and focus treatment on clearing the peripancreatic necrotic tissue, non-surgical treatment to deal with colonic obstruction is feasible, and the principle of individualized treatment should be used throughout the disease.
Technik der Koloninterposition zum Ösophagusersatz beim Ösophaguskarzinom
Authors: Hoeppner Jens
Published: February 2024

Heutzutage wird nur verhältnismäßig selten und in ausgewählten Situationen anstelle des
Magens ein Koloninterponat als Rekonstruktionsorgan für den Ersatz der Speiseröhre gewählt.
Das Kolon ist ein bewährtes und zuverlässiges Organ für den tubulären Ersatz der Speiseröhre,
wenn der Magen nicht für die Rekonstruktion der Speisepassage zur Verfügung steht. Die
Koloninterposition ist eine insgesamt komplexe und komplikationsbehaftete Operation. Sie
erfordert eine spezifische Indikationsstellung und eine gründliche präoperative Vorbereitung.
Technisch stellt die Koloninterposition hohe Anforderungen insbesondere an die Auswahl und
Präparation der vaskulären Versorgung des Rekonstruktionsorgans. Auch die Rekonstruktionsroute
und Hochführung des Interponats zum Ösophagus und die Notwendigkeit der Anlage von 3 oder 4
gastrointestinalen Anastomosen stellen deutlich höhere Anforderungen als die Rekonstruktion
mittels Magenschlauch. Insgesamt können trotz der deutlichen operationsbedingten Morbidität
zumeist ein gutes funktionelles Ergebnis und eine gute Lebensqualität erreicht werden. Die in
der eigenen Praxis erprobte Operationstechnik wird ausführlich beschrieben. Weiterhin wird auf
Basis der vorhandenen Literatur eine Übersicht über die Ergebnisse insbesondere in Hinblick
auf chirurgische Komplikationen und die Lebensqualität nach Koloninterposition gegeben.
Dislocation Does Not Seem To Be an Absolute Factor Effecting the Short- to Medium-Term Poor Prognosis of Patients with Acetabular Posterior Wall Fracture
Authors: Yao Yunfeng , Ye Houlong , Fang Wang , Feng Ru , Zhang Chun , Zheng Liujie , Lv Hao , Li Jun , Jing Juehua
Published: February 2024

Dislocation is a complication of acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall, but whether dislocation is an absolute factor impacting the short- to medium-term prognosis of the hip joint remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the short- to medium-term clinical and radiological results among patients diagnosed with an acetabular fracture involving the posterior wall, with or without dislocation.

Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with an acetabular fracture involving the posterior wall were retrospectively divided into posterior dislocation and non-dislocation groups. All fractures were open reduction + internal fixation with a plate screw combination through the single Kocher-Langenbeck approach. The short- to medium-term radiographic outcomes of follow-up were evaluated using the Matta radiologic grading system, while the clinical outcomes were evaluated using the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel evaluation system.

The mean follow-up duration for all patients was 43.90 (range 24–75) months. Both groups achieved similar short- to medium-term clinical and radiographic results. There seems to be no significant differences between the two groups regarding the short- to medium-term assessment of clinical and radiographic results and the occurrence of postoperative complications (p > 0.05).

In patients with acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall, hip dislocation is probably not an absolute determinant of a poor outcome. Even with early reduction, the short- to medium-term prognosis results appear similar to those of patients without dislocation.
The Importance of Fetal Station in the First Stage of Labor
Authors: Jones Sara I. , Imo Chinonye S. , Zofkie Amanda C. , Ragsdale Alexandra S. , Mcintire Donald D. , Nelson David B.
Published: February 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship of fetal station in the first stage of labor to labor curves and cesarean delivery rates among women presenting in spontaneous labor.

Study Design Labor curves for patients with nonanomalous singletons who presented in spontaneous labor to our hospital's Obstetric Triage Unit with intact membranes from January 1, 2012, to August 31, 2016, were reviewed. Cervical exams and time of exam were obtained for each patient from presentation to triage until delivery. Station for each presentation and cervical dilation was estimated using a random effects model and the slope of cervical station change was calculated to estimate the change in dilation by hour. Perinatal outcomes, including cesarean delivery rates, were examined according to fetal station at initial presentation. Factors known to affect labor curves—epidural analgesia, infant birth weight, maternal habitus, and parity—were also examined.

Results There were 8,123 patients presented in spontaneous labor with intact membranes. For patients presenting at 6-cm dilation, the rate of change of labor was significantly different when identified to have a station greater than 0 (+1 and more caudad) when compared with those with −1 and more cephalad station (both p < 0.001). This relationship persisted when analyzed according to epidural analgesia, birth weight, maternal habitus, and parity. The frequency of cesarean delivery was significantly higher for women presenting in spontaneous labor with negative fetal station (p < 0.05). When stratified across all dilation (3–9 cm), this trend remained significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion In the first stage of labor, advanced fetal station was significantly associated with differing rates of labor progression, and positive fetal station was significantly less likely to result in cesarean delivery. Physical examination, including station, remains a critical element in labor management.

Key Points
The Effect of an Oxytocin Decision Support Checklist on Oxytocin Use and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kandahari Nazineen , Tucker Lue-Yen , Raine-Bennett Tina , Palacios Janelle , Schneider Allison N. , Mohta Vanitha J.
Published: February 2024

Objective To assess the association between use of an oxytocin decision support checklist with oxytocin usage and clinical outcomes.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with singleton gestations at 370/7 weeks or greater who received oxytocin during labor from October 2012 to February 2017 at an integrated community health care system during three exposure periods: (1) prechecklist; (2) after paper checklist implementation; and (3) after checklist integration into the electronic medical record (EMR). The checklist was a clinical decision support tool to standardize the dosing and management of oxytocin. Thus, our primary outcomes included oxytocin infusion rates and cumulative dose. Secondary outcomes included maternal and neonatal outcomes. We controlled for maternal risk factors with multivariable regression analysis and stratified by mode of delivery.

Results A total of 34,269 deliveries were included. Unadjusted analyses showed that compared with prechecklist, deliveries during the paper and EMR-integrated periods had a lower cumulative dose (4,670 ± 6,174 vs. 4,318 ± 5,719 and 4,286 ± 5,579 mU, p < 0.001 for both), lower maximal infusion rate (9.9 ± 6.8 vs. 8.7 ± 5.8 and 8.4 ± 5.6 mU/min, p < 0.001 for both), and longer duration of oxytocin use (576 ± 442 vs. 609 ± 476 and 627 ± 488 minutes, p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). The unadjusted rates of cesarean, 5-minute Apgar <7, mechanical ventilation, and neonatal hospital length of stay were similar between periods. The adjusted mean difference in time from admission to delivery was longer during the EMR-integrated period compared with prechecklist (3.0 [95% confidence interval: 2.7–3.3] hours, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Oxytocin checklist use was associated with decreased oxytocin use patterns at the expense of longer labor times. Findings were more pronounced with EMR integration.

Key Points
History of Cholestasis Is Not Associated with Worsening Outcomes in Subsequent Pregnancy with Cholestasis
Authors: Sarker Minhazur R. , Debolt Chelsea A. , Canfield Dana , Ferrara Lauren
Published: February 2024

Objective Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including intrauterine fetal demise, spontaneous preterm labor, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Studies have yet to determine if patients with a history of pregnancy complicated by cholestasis had an association with more severe adverse outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy complicated by cholestasis.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of multiparous, singleton, nonanomalous live gestations complicated by cholestasis at Elmhurst Hospital Center from 2005 to 2019. We compared rates of adverse outcomes in multiparous pregnancies complicated by cholestasis with versus without prior cholestasis. Our primary outcome was rates of spontaneous preterm labor. Our secondary outcomes included rates of iatrogenic preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart tracing. Chi-square and multivariate regression tests were used to determine the strength of association. In all analyses, a p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval not crossing 1.00 indicated statistical significance. Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this project.

Results Of the 795 multiparous pregnancies complicated by cholestasis, 618 (77.7%) had no prior history of cholestasis and 177 (23.3%) had prior history of cholestasis. Multiparous pregnancies with history of cholestasis had higher rates of prior preterm birth, earlier gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, and were more likely to receive ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Pregnancies with history of cholestasis were not associated with spontaneous preterm labor in subsequent pregnancies with cholestasis, but history of cholestasis was associated with iatrogenic preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. After adjusting for confounders, the association with iatrogenic preterm birth and NICU admission were no longer statistically significant. There was no significant association between history of cholestasis and other adverse obstetric outcomes.

Conclusion Findings suggests that history of prior cholestasis is not associated with worsening outcomes in subsequent pregnancies complicated by cholestasis.

Key Points
Insomnia Polygenic Component on Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploring this Association Using Genomic Data from Brazilian Families
Authors: Carpena Marina Xavier , Fraga Brenda Barbon , Martins-Silva Thais , Salatino-Oliveira Angélica , Genro Júlia Pasqualini , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Zeni Cristian , Schmitz Marcelo , Chazan Rodrigo , Hutz Mara Helena , Rohde Luis Augusto , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana
Published: February 2024

Introduction Insomnia is highly prevalent among individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, the biological mechanisms shared between both conditions is still elusive. We aimed to investigate whether insomnia's genomic component is able to predict ADHD in childhood and adolescence.

Methods A Brazilian sample of 259 ADHD probands and their biological parents were included in the study. Their genomic DNA genotypes were used to construct the polygenic risk score for insomnia (Insomnia PRS), using the largest GWAS summary statistics as a discovery sample. The association was tested using logistic regression, under a case-pseudocontrol design.

Results Insomnia PRS was nominally associated with ADHD (OR = 1.228, p = 0.022), showing that the alleles that increase the risk for insomnia also increase the risk for ADHD.

Discussion Our results suggest that genetic factors associated with insomnia may play a role in the ADHD genetic etiology, with both phenotypes likely to have a shared genetic mechanism.
Action of Carduus marianus 6cH on Hepatopathy and Gallstone in Ambystoma mexicanum (Axolotl): Case Report
Authors: Martins Jéssica Amâncio , Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Coelho Cidéli de Paula
Published: February 2024

Background Carduus marianus is a Mediterranean plant used for treating liver diseases. One of its properties is that it inhibits fat peroxidation, which can contribute toward the prevention of metabolites that are harmful to the liver.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of fatty liver disease in an axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Methods An approximately 6-year-old female specimen of A. mexicanum, of length 21 cm and weight 153 g, presented edema in the rostral region and inappetence. Ultrasound showed hepatopathy and a gallbladder stone. A globule of C. marianus 6cH was diluted in 30 mL distilled water and administered in spray form over the animal twice a day.

Results Twenty days after the beginning of the treatment, improvement of the facial edema and return of appetite were observed. Ultrasound showed improvement in the appearance of the liver and reduction in the size of the gallstone. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy score was +9 in this case, thus suggesting a causal relationship between the use of homeopathic medicine and the clinical outcome.

Conclusion C. marianus 6cH appeared to be effective in treating fatty liver disease and gallstone in this specimen of A. mexicanum.
Giant Intracranial Cavernous Malformations: A Review on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Kılıc Deniz , Zorlu Emre , Kılıc Turker
Published: February 2024

Background Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs), commonly known as cavernomas or cavernous angiomas, are low-flow, well-circumscribed vascular lesions composed of sinusoidal spaces lined by a single layer of endothelium and separated by a collagenous matrix without elastin, smooth muscle, or other vascular wall elements. A diameter greater than 3 cm for a CM is unlikely. These lesions may have atypical appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI with advanced techniques such as a susceptibility-weighted image or T2-gradient echo, a diffusion-weighted image and corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient map, and diffusion tensor tractography have revolutionized the diagnostic approach to these lesions.

Materials and Method The present study reviews the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, MRI strategy, and MRI appearances of the CMs, with a few examples of the giant CMs from our archive.

Results Intracranial giant CMs may have unexpected locations, sizes, numbers, and varied imaging appearances due to repeated hemorrhages, unusual enhancement patterns, intense perifocal edema, and unusual associations, making the differential diagnosis difficult.

Conclusion Familiarity with the MRI appearances of the giant intracranial CMs and the differential diagnosis improves diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Prostate Cancer and Posttreatment Imaging Appearances
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Rosen Daniel B. , Pandey Ankur , Nakrour Nabih , Prajapati Priyanka , Harisinghani Mukesh , Kamran Sophia C.
Published: February 2024

Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous research and innovation in treatment modalities. This review explores the currently employed techniques in radiation dose planning and tumor irradiation in the context of prostate cancer management. In addition, we delve into the nuances of expected posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances within the gland or in the prostate bed, postradiation tumor recurrence, and its mimics.

Radiation therapy (RT) has evolved as a cornerstone in prostate cancer treatment, offering both curative and palliative solutions. Recent developments have seen the emergence of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), allowing for precise targeting of cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

The avoidance of normal tissue dose through more conformal dose distribution as in IMRT or proton therapy, improved imaging modalities as in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate positron emission tomography (PET), interventional separation of critical structures from the prostate target, and many other techniques can greatly reduce the side effects of RT. These advancements enhance treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of side effects, promoting improved patient outcomes.
Apparatus to measure density and viscosity of high-pressure carbon dioxide–alcohol mixtures
Authors: Dinh Hy , Moses John , Hannon John , Wilson Veronica , Karamanis Georgios , Krishnamachari Vikram , Hodes Marc
Published: February 2024

Thermophysical properties of (single phase) binary CO2–alcohol mixtures under high pressure and moderate temperature conditions are important in supercritical fluid processes. An apparatus to measure mixture density as a function of temperature (up to 80 °C) and pressure (up to 15.9 MPa) over the full range of CO2 mass fractions was designed and commissioned. The fluid delivery system enables precise control and rapid variation of the CO2 mass fraction to within 0.2% of the desired value. Our apparatus advances the state-of-the-art by assuring a uniform mixture and assuring accuracy through redundant measurements, i.e., a variable-volume method with an uncertainty of 1% of reading and a Coriolis density meter with an uncertainty of 7 kg/m3. The results for a representative CO2–ethanol mixture are provided. Moreover, a third independent “bomb” experiment was used to measure density under selected conditions to further verify our measurements and, when present, discrepancies between them and the published data for the representative system. It is shown that, when the discrepancies were present, it was due to insufficient mixing in the other apparatus. Our apparatus also measures the viscosities of the mixtures using a viscometer accurate to 0.02 cP.
Influence of reaction cell electrodes on organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Li Huiyuan , Jin Zichen , Jiang Xiaoning , An Meiwen , Ji Jianlong , Huang Di
Published: February 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) hold great potential in various applications, including biosensing and neural network computation. Traditional “all-in-one” OECT device architecture faces the problems of unclear amplification mechanisms and complex side reactions, to name a few. The reaction cell OECT (RC-OECT) device architecture, proposed by Ting et al. [Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(19), 2010868 (2021)], effectively resolves these problems. Furthermore, in many applications of OECTs, such as high throughput (bio)sensing, an OECT device array instead of a single OECT is needed. Therefore, the size (area) of the OECT device, which represents the amount of occupied chip real estate and the integration of the device, matters. In this paper, we developed a hydrogen peroxide sensor based on the RC-OECT. We utilized an RC cathode modified by the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate film and a Ag/AgCl OECT gate electrode for facilitating device integration, varied RC anode area, and achieved optimization of at least one of the two parameters, sensitivity and lower limit of detection (LLoD), in conjunction with the level of integration of the device. Multiple quantitative sensitivity metrics have been adopted in this work. We also evaluated the correlation between RC anode area and LLoD. In addition, a mechanistic analysis of the RC-OECT device structure, in terms of faradic and non-faradaic currents, was carried out to illustrate the interplay between sensing performance and the electrode area of the reaction cell. This mechanistic analysis provides insights for miniaturizing OECT devices with the RC-OECT architecture.
Self-consistent and precise measurement of time-dependent radiative albedo of gold based on specially symmetrical triple-cavity Hohlraum
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Zhao Yang , Han Xiaoying , Li Liling , Qing Bo , Hou Lifei , Li Yulong , Zhang YuXue , Zhang Huan , Liu Xiangming , Deng Bo , Xiong Gang , Lv Min , Zhu Tuo , Huang Chengwu , Song Tianming , Zhao Yan , Li Yingjie , Zhang Lu , Xie Xufei , Zhang Jiyan , Yang Jiamin
Published: February 2024

A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo, i.e., the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux, for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material is proposed. A specially designed symmetrical triple-cavity gold Hohlraum is used to create approximately constant and near-equilibrium uniform radiation with a peak temperature of 160 eV. The incident flux at the secondary cavity waist is obtained from flux balance analysis and from the shock velocity of a standard sample. The results agree well owing to the symmetrical radiation in the secondary cavity. A self-consistent and precise time-dependent radiative albedo is deduced from the reliable reemission flux and the incident flux, and the result from the shock velocity is found to have a smaller uncertainty than that from the multi-angle flux balance analysis, and also to agree well with the result of a simulation using the HYADES opacity.
Super-heavy ion beams generated by a multi-PW femtosecond laser
Authors: Domański J. , Badziak J.
Published: February 2024

The numerical investigations into the acceleration of superheavy ions driven by a multi-PW, 30 fs laser pulse with a peak intensity from 5 × 1022 to 2 × 1023 W/cm2 were carried out using an advanced 2D3V particle-in-cell code. The properties of laser-accelerated Au, Pb, Bi, and U ion beams, such as ionization and ion energy spectra, ion beam energies, angular distributions of the beam fluence, the ion pulse shapes, and peak intensities, were examined and compared. It was found that for a laser intensity of 1023 W/cm2, a common feature of the Au, Pb, Bi, and U ion beams was the dominance in the beam of Ne-like ions that carry the vast majority (≥90%) of the energy of all accelerated ions and have by far the highest mean and maximum ion energy. The Ne-like ion beams for Au, Pb, Bi, and U have almost identical angular fluence distributions and ion pulse shapes, as well as peak fluencies and intensities. However, the dependence of the parameters of the Ne-like ion beam on the laser intensity is different for ions with different masses. In the considered laser intensity range, the heaviest ions (U ions) ensured the achievement of the highest beam parameters, such as the mean and maximum ion energy, the ion beam energy, or the laser-to-ions energy conversion efficiency. The mono-charge superheavy ion beams demonstrated in this paper open the prospect for novel applications of heavy ions in high energy-density physics, nuclear physics, and possibly in other fields.