bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast with Low-Grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Authors: Kashu Nozomi , Oura Shoji , Yoshida Hideyuki , Nishino Eisei , Makimoto Shinichiro
Published: September 2020

A 68-year-old woman with a breast mass was referred to our hospital. Imaging studies showed an oval well-defined mass, 1.3 cm in size, in her left lower outer quadrant of the breast. Core needle biopsy with immunohistochemical staining showed atypical spindle cells forming solid nests with necrosis and papillary lesions, leading to the tentative and pre-operative diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the absence of daughter nodules, extensive ductal spread, and lymphadenopathy on imaging evaluation, the patient underwent breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy, resulting in negative surgical margins and no lymph node involvement. Post-operative pathological examination showed triple negative atypical cells with squamous differentiation, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with cystic parts and a small amount of low-grade adenosquamous cell carcinoma (LGASC), both encompassing the cystic parts in a contiguous fashion. No cases with synchronous SCC and LGASC in the breast have been reported to date. An etiologic correlation between SCC and LGASC should be further evaluated.
Exergy analysis of day light using fuzzy logic controllers of Jordanian commercial buildings
Authors: Baniyounes Ali M , Ghadi Yazeed , Alnabulsi Mazen
Published: September 2020

Saving energy and greenhouse gas emissions in commercial buildings become a very serious request of buildings’ designers and engineering crew. The goal behind the current research is to high light and demonstrate the outcome of utilizing advance and intelligent building management system (IBMS) based in utilizing a fuzzy logic controller that allows the usage and the control of natural light (day light). The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was sat to control the buildings dimming system while utilizing natural light which normally allows to add outdoors illuminance into the inside ones. This control system is significant mean technique that can be used in intelligent buildings commercial buildings, hence energy savings and consequently, greenhouse gas emissions reduction. The proposed control system relies on enumerating the outdoor and the indoor illuminance and allowing some add-on controllers in order to put into effect a photometric computer that capable of comparing and tasking decisions to regulate rooms lighting fixtures. The article also demonstrates energy savings using this technique and then suggest proper markets for using this controlling system whether during the buildings’ design stage, existing commercial buildings.
Motor side active power filter for induction motor
Authors: Rao H.V. Gururaja , Mala R.C , Joshi Ambika
Published: September 2020

Power quality is an important aspect in electrical distribution and utilization systems. Variable frequency drive (VFD) controlled induction motors are widely used in industries. The output current of VFD which is nonsinusoidal is given to the induction motor. This paper proposes a motor side active power filter (MSAPF) so as to provide a pure sinusoidal current to the induction motor. An evaluation of two control strategies has been discussed in this paper i.e. Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and Instantaneous Reactive Power theory (IRPT) in the generation of the reference signal. These techniques are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. These simulations demonstrate the reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) in the motor current with active filter connected to the motor side.
Flux modulated rotating pole piece magnetic gear
Authors: Halim Mohd Firdaus M. A , Sulaiman E. , Othman R. N. F. K. R.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the CMG is re-condition so that the pole piece act as the outer rotor instead of surface mount PM. This magnetic coupling of the CMG is similar to the conventional CMG which uses harmonic to transfer the torque and speed from the inner rotor to the outer rotor. The working principle of the proposed CMG is derived analytically and simulated using finite element software. For this recondition, the PM at the outer section become stationary hence, retaining sleeve can be removing. The proposed MG produced 18% higher average torque than the conventional MG with drawback in torque ripple. The proposed CMG also produce higher gear ratio than the same pole pair of conventional CMG.
Discrete and continuous model of three-phase linear induction motors considering attraction force and end-effects
Authors: Toro-García Nicolás , Garcés-Gómez Yeison Alberto , Hoyos Fredy E.
Published: September 2020

The continuous model of the linear induction motor (LIM) has been made considering the edge effects and the attraction force. Taking the attraction force into account is im- portant when considering dynamic analysis when the motor operates under mechanical load. A laboratory prototype has been implemented from which the parameters of the equivalent LIM circuit have been obtained. The discrete model has been developed to quickly obtain computational solutions and to analyze non-linear behaviors through the application of discrete control systems. In order to obtain the discrete model of the LIM we have started from the solution of the continuous model. To develop the model, the magnetizing inductance has been considered, which reflects the edge effects. In the results, the model is compared without considering the edge effects or the attraction force with the proposed model.
Real-time monitoring and control of flow rate in transportation pipelines using Matlab-based interactive GUI and PID controller
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Anuradha C. , Ilambirai R. C. , Ganesh Viswanathan
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a Matlab based GUI and Propotinal Integral Dervative (PID) controller is designed to automatically regulate the flow-rate of the circulating fluid. When fluids are transported over long distances, the pressure and flow rate have to be monitored remotely in a control room. Using an HMI or Control Panels the flow rate can be increased or decreased to compensate for pressure drops or disturbances. This paper attempts to demonstrate such an Industrial Control Operation in a scaled-down environment. A Graphical User Interface or GUI is constructed which enables the Operator to monitor, as well as control an electronically actuated Control Valve which can efficiently regulate the flow-rate. Automatic operations have also been implemented using a PID controller algorithm, which tries to track the Set-point in Real-time.
Control of hybrid power system based renewable energy generations using PID controller
Authors: Regad Mohamed , Helaimi M'hamed , Taleb Rachid , Othman Ahmed M. , Gabbar Hossam A.
Published: September 2020

This paper addresses to integrate an optimal Proportional-Integrator-Derivative controller for frequency regulation in an isolated microgrid power system based renewable generation. This autonomous microgrid system is composed of Distributed Energy Sources like wind, solar, Diesel Engine Generator, Fuel Cells system, and two different storage devices such as Battery Energy Storage System and Flywheel Energy Storage System. Optimal tuning of the investigated controller is considered as the main problem to be resolved using the Krill Herd algorithm through an objective function. The obtained results are also accomplished with and without the battery energy storage system. The comparison of system performance shows that the proposed control scheme based Krill Herd Algorithm is better than the Genetic Algorithm in the improvement of system performance.
Coast function parameters optimization for DC battery source inverter feeding three-phase inductive load
Authors: Omar Riyadh G.
Published: September 2020

The commonly reported measures of the predictive accuracy are evaluated in this paper. Absolute, squared, percentage, and integral errors methods are implemented, to reduce the objective function, which employed in model predictive control. These methods are usually investigated for dc source inverter, which controlled by finite set model predictive current control system, with three phase induction motor load. In this paper, the evaluation includes different aspects, accuracy, complexity, system harmonics content, and execution time. A vital criterion in this process is the performance of the inverter, and the matching between the reference and the measured machine currents. The evaluation shows that for one term objective function, absolute and square errors give similar results with less execution time for the absolute error, but if multi terms objective function the square error is better.
Induction drive system with DSTATCOM based asymmetric twin converter
Authors: Anusha P , Rajanna B V
Published: September 2020

High power demands are usually met by advanced power electronics converters in several large utility and electric drives applications. Applications from high power drives commonly uses solution based multi pulse and multilevel converters. A common DC link with atleast one voltage source converter (VSC) working with almost fundamental switching frequency are used in converters of multipulse type, and each output module is connected with the multipulse transformer in series. When compared to that of solution with single-VSC, Several VSCs generating different triggering pulses are adjused in order to achieve current injected with low specified total harmonic distortion (THD) with losses of abridged switching. Huge structure in complexity and expensive cost expenditure of the multipulse transformer is the major limitation of this scheme. DC link split capacitors in addition are eliminated by modifying the topology of the circuit. Thus, the independent voltages of the DC capacitor are controlled and decreased in number and the flow of third harmonic current component in the transformer is eliminated. The scheme of the designed controller is depending on the derived mathematical system model. Simulaion observation is used to check the scheme performance and efficiency in a detailed way with drive control technique.
Hybrid technique for an efficient PV system through intelligent MPPT and water cooling process
Authors: Attia Hussain , Hossin Khaled
Published: September 2020

Solar panels have undergone several tests through research studies for the purpose of improving performance to increase the resulting electrical power. This study considers the fact of the necessity of Maximum Power Point Tracking working conditions of the PV panels to harvest maximum electrical power during the weather variations. It considers also the panel temperature reduction which affects positively the panel ability in terms of producing additional electrical power. By this consideration, this study proposes a new design, and simulation results with analysis of a hybrid PV system. The system is able to deliver 5 kW, through the day hours, with less number of PV panels based on a hybrid technique. The proposed technique combines two manipulating processes. The first one guarantees the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) condition during day hours through an artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller. Whereas the second one focuses on reducing the panel temperature by introducing a water cooler which is designed for this purpose. Simulink software of MATLAB is used to implement and evaluate the proposed system.
An enhanced 17-level hybridized multilevel inverter with stair case modulation
Authors: Javvaji Hemalatha , Banakara Basavaraja
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a Hybridized Symmetric Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for voltage levels ranging from 5 levels to 17 levels. The proposed Multi Level Inverter (MLI) topology is built using a modified H-bridge inverter that results in an increased output voltage levels with a smaller number of solid-state switches. This technique enhances the h-bridge configuration from three level to five level by means of a bi-directional switch at source. Gating pulses of hybridized symmetric MLI are generated through staircase modulation. The operation and performance of the proposed topology is tested for different output voltage levels, simulation results prove that the proposed technique results in less THD at all levels with lesser power consumption and are easily applicable for renewable energy applications.
Performance analysis of packed U-cell based inverter-fed five-phase induction motor drive using SINPWM technique
Authors: Riyaz Ahmed , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Iqbal Atif , Ansari Md. Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Induction motor is the backbone of current industrial applications. Multiphase machines can handle high power application easily. With the use of five-phase induction motor, advantage of both multi-phase and induction motor can be achieved. This paper presents analysis of five-phase seven level-based Induction motor system fed by packed U-cell based inverter. Modelling of five-phase induction motor is done with the help of mathematical equations using d-q axis transformation. Inverter voltage output comes to be approximately sinusoidal with 18.07% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Induction motor with specified parameters is simulated under no-load condition and attains steady state conditions after transient state.
Wireless charging system for electric bicycle application
Authors: Diep Nguyen Thi , Trung Nguyen Kien , Minh Tran Trong
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a design of the wireless charging system for e-byke applications. The double-side LCC compensation circuit is used to achieve high efficiency and reduce the volt-ampere rating. A new constant current/voltage (CC/CV) charging control method at the transmitter side is proposed to avoid dual side wireless communication. This paper also presents a simple method of estimating both the coupling coefficient and load impedance only from the transmitter side. A wireless charging system of 2.5kW is built. Error in the CC/CV charging mode is 3.3% and 1.12%, respectively. System efficiency reaches 92.1% in CC charging mode.
Bidirectional single-loop current sensorless control applied to NPC multi-level converter considering conduction losses
Authors: Suzdalenko Alexander , Zakis Janis , Suskis Pavels , Ribickis Leonids
Published: September 2020

The current feedback is considered as unavoidable part of most control system driving power electronic converters. However, it is possible to eliminate the use of current sensor, if properly calculated volt-second balance is applied to input inductor. This paper describes the implementation of current sensorless control technique applied to neutral point clamped multi-level converter, where only voltage control-loop is used to stabilize internal capacitors voltage, while inductor’s current is shaped by means of current sensorless control block in both discontinuous and continuous current modes. The capacitor voltage balancing is implemented by means of delta-controller that selects alternative capacitor in respect to main switching scheme. Finally, the analytical study of proposed solution is verified with simulation results.
An improved method for efficient controlling of the dynamic voltage restorer to enhance the power quality in the distribution system
Authors: Mohammed Ali Basim , Ariff Mohd Aifaa Mohd , Ramli Sofia Najwa
Published: September 2020

This paper represents a low complexity of the DVR controller by using a robust differentiator named as approximate classical sliding mode differentiator (ACSMD) to overcome the drawback of the linear differentiator. Additionally, utilize a nonlinear sliding variable named arctan function (sigmoid function) in order to keep the magnitude of the load voltage approximately 1pu, the THD at the standard level, improve the robustness property and maintain the steady-state error within a small bound. The most important issues of the power system network are power quality, the major problems of power quality are voltage sag/swell and harmonics which cause tripping or malfunctioning of the equipment. This paper gives an economic and effective solution by utilizing the dynamic voltage restorer to protect the sensitive loads from the disturbances that happened in the system such as voltage sag/swell and harmonics. The proposed system of the DVR is investigated by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink to enhance the disturbances when it occurs in a distribution system. The presents DVR model is evaluated by utilizing some of the popular voltage sag indices.
Highway wind power energy assessment of Al-Durra highway street in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Raheem Adnan Ahmed Abdul , Ibraheem Wadhah Esmaeel
Published: September 2020

In certain spots on the planet which have less attainable of utilizing enormous breeze power plants, the expressway wind vitality can be utilized to help little loads in the main grids. Interstates road lighting for instance of that heaps that is expending a great deal of vitality and cost every year. When the vitality that originates from vehicles development along the highway avenues can be taken in thought, this paper has examined the outcomes if moment vehicles wind speed during 24 hours per day. 24 hours, brief interim of vehicles wind speeds have been estimated by utilizing anemometer put in the road. A vertical pivot wind turbine (VAWT) has been proposed to be utilized in this task. All venture regulation has been simulated by utilizing Opendss program; it can support time series simulation. The outcomes demonstrated that the undertaking is possible to be utilized in Al-Durra Highway Street. The normal breeze speed of moving vehicles is 4.7 m/s which can deliver 67.3 watt by the proposed turbine. The got energy saw that it as contributed to be utilized by the maingrid during the day time. All the demonstrated bends of the outcomes speak to the Iraq grid support by diminishing the main demand and operational expenses too.
Wind turbine doubly-fed induction generator defects diagnosis using rotor currents lissajous curves
Authors: Kharoubi Sara , El Menzhi Lamiaa
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, inverters are power electronics devices used in the renewable energy conversion systems. Therefore, the continuity of service of power converter has been a major concern. In this paper, a technique for diagnosing multiple open switch faults in three phase voltage inverters feeding Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG is presented. It is based on the so-called the Lissajous curves of DFIG rotor currents. For this purpose, the modeling of a non-defected wind conversion system based on mathematic model created in Matlab Simulink is firstly presented, after that, an indirect stator field vector-oriented control is applied to obtain the wind system performance. Finally, rotor currents Lissajous curves are analyzed in case of a non-defected and defected inverter. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Transient response improvement of direct current using supplementary control based on ANFIS for rectifier in HVDC
Authors: Ginarsa I Made , Muljono Agung Budi , Nrartha I Made Ari , Sultan Sultan
Published: September 2020

Current control scheme is commonly used in high voltage direct current (HVDC) to transmit power delivery. This scheme is done by adjusting trigger angle to regulate direct current (DC) in thyristor devices. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control is widely applied for start and fault operation. But, solution for transient response of DC current in HVDC system is not clearly studied before. In this paper, supplementary control (SC) based on ANFIS is proposed to improve the transient response of the current. The SC control is designed by learning-processes and SC parameters are obtained by data-training automatically. For current reference at 1.05 pu and up-ramp at 20 pu/s, maximum overshoot is achieved at 5.12% and 7.72% for the SC and proportional integral controller (PIC), respectively. When the up-ramp is increased to 28 pu/s, the maximum overshoot is achieved at 10.01% for the SC. While, the peak overshoot for the PIC is 14.28%.
Design, modelling and simulation of controlled sepic DC-DC converter-based genetic algorithm
Authors: Ali Mohammed Omar , Ahmad Ali Hussein
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses various aspects of a single-ended primary inductance DC-DC converter (SEPIC). The focus is on design, modelling, and simulation results of a SEPIC converter. The study analyses the principle of SEPIC operation when operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Additionally, the mathematical equations for the design modules are calculated as per converter requirements. State-space equations are used to formulate the state-space model of the SEPIC converter. To satisfy the best-performance criterion of the system, the parameters for controller (Kp, Ki, Kd) should be tuned or optimized using the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique. Controller parameters are determined using an objective function that minimises the integral time absolute error (ITAE). Simulations performed on a closed-loop system reveal that the step response with a PID controlled based GA displayed superior performance. A closed-loop system has a substantially bigger stability region compared to an open-loop system. The simulation optimised performance metrics like maximum overshoot percentage (Mp), rise time (tr), and settling time (ts). MATLAB/Simulink R2018a® and m-file code are used for the system modelling, simulation, and optimization of the PID controller parameters based on the GA.
Silicon carbide power device characteristics, applications and challenges: an overview
Authors: Yaakub Muhamad Faizal , Radzi Mohd Amran Mohd , Noh Faridah Hanim Mohd , Azri Maaspaliza
Published: September 2020

Silicon (Si) based power devices have been employed in most high power applications since decades ago. However, nowadays, most major applications demand higher efficiency and power density due to various reasons. The previously well-known Si devices, unfortunately, have reached their performance limitation to cover all those requirements. Therefore, Silicon Carbide (SiC) with its unique and astonishing characteristic has gained huge attention, particularly in the power electronics field. Comparing both, SiC presents a remarkable ability to enhance overall system performance and the transition from Si to SiC is crucial. With regard to its importance, this paper provides an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and outstanding capabilities in various application for SiC devices. Furthermore, it is also important to disclose the system design challenges, which are discussed at the end of the paper.
Study on Minimally Invasive System of Brain Surgery
Authors: Tsao Wen-Hsuan , Cheng Han-Yi
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research was to examine the thermal injury in the brain after a minimally invasive electrosurgery with the chromium nitride (CrN) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) surface modifications. Three-dimensional (3-D) brain models were reconstructed to simulate the electrosurgical
procedure. Data indicated that the temperature decreased significantly when minimally electrosurgery with nanostructured CrN and DLC thin films were used, and that it continued to decrease with increasing film thickness. The present study reveals that the novel nanostructured thin film on
electrode substrates is an effective means of improving the performance of reducing excessive thermal injury and uniformly distributing temperature in the brain. However, further tests in the clinical trial must be evaluated to confirm the effect and safety of promising findings in the brain
electrosurgery.
Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy of Cervical Cancer Through Immune Response Stimulation
Authors: Gao Qiaoling , Li Caihong , Huang Zhisheng , Zhang Xiaolong , Luo Youzhen
Published: September 2020

Recent studies have identified photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Here in this study, we have constructed hyaluronan (HA) coated metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MOF) as an artificial cell carrier (HA/MOF) to effectively delivery chlorin e6
(Ce6), a commonly adopted photodynamic reagent (HA/MOF/Ce6), to achieve enhanced PDT of cancer. In addition, apart from the generally recognized cytotoxicity induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), our study also revealed that ROS could further potentiate the maturation of dendritic cells
(DCs), which secreted tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL)-12 to trigger the following immune responses. Our work not only explore the anticancer feasibility of a new system but also demonstrated the underlining mechanisms responsible for PDT induced
anticancer effects, which offers a new perspective to employ and improve the efficacy of PDT and related systems.
Lidocaine Protects Endometriosis by Inducing Apoptosis of Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Qian , Li Tao , Wang Haibo , Ji Xia , Ye Jing
Published: September 2020

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of lidocaine on ectopic endometrial stromal cells and the underlying mechanisms in endometriosis. Methods: Ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), which were separated from endometriotic tissues, were subjected to various
concentrations of lidocaine for different time. After the treatment of lidocaine, MTT assay was applied to assess the cell proliferation of ESCs, and cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, we detected the protein level of pro-caspse3 and cleaved-caspase3 protein in ESCs
by Western blot analysis. The invasion and migration capability of ESCs was also detected by transwell assay. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed for the detection of EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and MMP-9). Similarly, the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin
D1 and c-myc in ESCs were determined by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. Results: 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mM of lidocaine obviously inhibited the cell proliferation of ESCs at different time points compared with the control group, while no significant effect was observed in 0.1 mM lidocaine
treated cells. Lidocaine dose-dependently increased cell apoptosis, reduced the protein level of pro-caspse3 protein, but improved cleaved-caspase3 protein level in ESCs. Moreover, lidocaine dose-dependently decreased the migration and invasion capabilities of ESCs. In addition, compared to
the control group, lidocaine enhanced the level of E-cadherin, and reduced the level of N-cadherin and MMP-9 in ESCs. Lidocaine suppressed the level of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-myc in ESCs in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We demonstrated that lidocaine protected
endometriosis by inducing the apoptosis of ESCs via regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Mechanism of Fisetin Inhibiting Oxidative Stress to Alleviate the Damage of Blood Brain Barrier, Around the Intracerebral Hemorrhag Lesions
Authors: Ge Xinbo , Yang Qunfu , Liu Zhenbo , Zhang Tao , Liang Chao
Published: September 2020

Background: The paper determined the brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress-related indicators, expressions of tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and Occludin, as well as expressions of ERK, p38, and JNK proteins in cerebral hemorrhage rats.
The paper explored whether Fisetin reduced the damage of blood-brain barrier caused by cerebral hemorrhage through inhibiting oxidative stress, and investigated whether MAPK pathway is the main pathway for BBB damage caused by oxidative stress. Material and Methods: Rat ICH model was
established. After 72 hours, mNSS score was used to measure the behavior of rats. The water content of brain tissue was determined by dry-wet weight method. Evans blue method was applied to measure the blood-brain barrier permeability. Oxidative stress index was detected by spectrophotometer.
The expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, ERK, p38 and JNK proteins in rat brain tissue were determined by Western blot. Results: Fisetin significantly reduced the mNSS score, brain water content, bloodbrain barrier permeability, oxidative stress index and the expressions of ERK, p38 and JNK
in rat ICH model, and also significantly increased the antioxidant index of rat ICH model, as well as the expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin. The effect is becoming more significant as the therapeutic dose is increased. Conclusion: Fisetin can inhibit the oxidative stress and alleviate
the damage of BBB around the lesions of rat ICH model, thus alleviating secondary brain injury. In the rat ICH model, the expressions of ERK, p38 and JNK in the brain tissue around the lesion are increased and oxidized. The stress response is enhanced, and Fisetin inhibits oxidative stress
and the expressions of ERK, p38, and JNK. MAPK is imperative in the process of oxidative stress-induced BBB damage in rat ICH model.
Identification of Bioinformatics of the Metastasis of Endometrial Carcinoma Based on Gene Expression Microarray
Authors: Ma Lina , Sun Xinghui , Li Yurong , Liu Na
Published: September 2020

Objective: We aimed to explore the bioinformatics of endometrial carcinoma (EC) metastasis. Methods: The microarray information of 4 cases of progressive endometrial cancer (PEC) and 4 cases of non-progressive controls (NPC) were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus
Database (GEOD). The Limma package in R was performed to selected the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, the hierarchical clustering of DEGs was carried out. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was carried out. Results: There were 65 DEGs identified between PEC and
NPC. Those DEGs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation function, MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways. Furthermore, those DEGs were related to of the increased contents of IGF2 and PLAG1, and decreased contents of THBS4 and FGF20. Conclusions:
There were 65 DEGs identified in endometrial cancer between progressive and non-progressive. Those DEGs were significantly related to tumor metastasis. Increased levels of IGF2 and PLAG1, and decreased levels of THBS4 and FGF20 may have a notable effect on the development
of EC.
Effect of αCGRP on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Smad/Runx2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Shengxiang , Mei Haibo , He Rongguo , Liu Kun , Tang Jin , Wu Jiangyan , Ye Weihua
Published: September 2020

The α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) regulates bone metabolism and has potential applications in enhancing bone remodeling in vivo. However, α-CGRP's role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteogenic differentiation remain
unclear. Rat BMSCs were separated into control group, α-CGRP group and α-CGRP siRNA group, in which BMSCs were transfected with α-CGRP plasmid and α-CGRP siRNA respectively followed by analysis of α-CGRP level by real time PCR
and ELISA, cell proliferation by MTT assay, Caspase 3 activity, ALP activity, formation of calcified nodules by alizarin red staining, Smad1 and Smad7 level by Western blot and Runx2 by real time PCR. αCGRP transfection into BMSCs significantly up-regulated CGRP, which could promote
cell proliferation, inhibit Caspase 3 activity, promote ALP activity, increase calcified nodules formation and upregulate Smad1, Smad7 and Runx2 compared to control (P < 0.05); transfection of αCGRP siRNA significantly down-regulated CGRP in BMSCs, inhibited cell proliferation,
promoted Caspase 3 activity, inhibited ALP activity, inhibited calcified nodules formation and downregulate Smad1, Smad7 and Runx2 (P < 0.05). αCGRP overexpression promotes the Smad/Runx2 signaling, which in turn promotes BMSCs proliferation and osteogenesis. Decreased
αCGRP level inhibits Smad/Runx2 signaling, promotes BMSCs apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.
miR-4262 Targets Anti-Apoptotic Gene B-Cell Lymphoma-2 to Induce Cell Apoptosis and Inhibit Cell Proliferation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Guangyao , Wu Dianxiu
Published: September 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a frequently happened cancer, is still an important threaten to human with unsatisfactory prognosis. Increasing evidence indicated that abnormal miRNA expressions were related to the development of OSCC. microRNA (miR)-4262 has been considered to
be a cancer suppressor in various tumors, however its exact role in OSCC remains to be clarified. During the current research, we proposed to probe the biological activity and fundamental mechanism of miR-4262 in OSCC. The expression levels of miR-4262 in SCC9 and HOK cells were analyzed using
quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to quest the possible target gene of miR-4262. qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were employed to measure the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in OSCC tissues,
adjacent non-cancerous tissues, SCC9 and HOK cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of SCC9 cells were detected by Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) were checked
by Western blotting analysis. Firstly, we found that miR-4262 expressed lower level in OSCC cells than that in the control. Results from TargetScan and luciferase reporter analysis showed that miR-4262 directly targeted Bcl-2. Then, up-regulated Bcl-2 was detected in OSCC tissues and cells
compared with controls. Subsequently, Bcl-2-siRNA was found to be able to decrease cell viability while promote cell apoptosis in SCC9 cells, accompanied with the reduction of Bcl-2 and promotion of Bax. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was reduced in Bcl-2-siRNA transfected group. In addition, miR-4262
mimic significantly suppressed the Bcl-2 expression, whereas the suppression was reversed by Bcl-2-plasmid. Furthermore, our results presented that miR-4262 mimic notably reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis in SCC9 cell lines. Up-regulated miR-4262 could also downregulate Bcl-2
expression, upregulate the expression of Bax and decrease the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in SCC9 cells. However, Bcl-2-plasmid attenuated all these effects of miR-4262 mimic. Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-4262 exerted tumor-suppressive effects through targeting Bcl-2, resulting in promotion
of cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell viability in OSCC cell lines. Therefore, miR-4262 might be a promising prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target during the therapy of OSCC.
Mechanism of Inhibition of M1 Macrophage Expression and Activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 Signaling Pathway on Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Li Xing , Feng Qiuting , Cong Yuyi , Zhou Peiling , Xu Xin
Published: September 2020

Macrophages mediate the activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 signaling and participate in inflammatory response. In our study, M1 gene-deficient mice were used to assess the effect and mechanism of specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression on angiotensin II-induced hypertensive
vascular remodeling. Fifty 8-week-old male Lyz2-cre M1 gene-deficient mice and 50 Cre mice were divided into control group (saline group) and experimental group (angiotensin II group) followed by HE staining, collagen or elastin staining as well as measuring wall thickness. DHE staining was
performed to observe the density of coronary artery and aortic oxidative stress. PCR Array was used to detect cytokine changes which were then verified by RT-PCR. The changes of aortic inflammatory factors were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. IHC was to measure MIP-1α
level. Specific inhibition of M1 expression aggravated AngII-induced hypertensive vascular remodeling; Ang II stimulation increased vascular superoxide production by aggravation of ROS; specific inhibition of macrophage M1 expression significantly up-regulated vascular inflammatory cytokines
and the expression and activation of MIP-1α/CCL3 in vascular smooth muscle cells to aggravate vascular remodeling. Further, in vitro cell experiments showed that MIP-1α significantly up-regulated CD31 tube staining. M1 is involved in AngII-induced hypertensive vascular
remodeling by mediating the release of macrophage inflammatory factor MIP-1α/CCL3.
Anomalous Upper-Ocean Circulation of the Western Equatorial Pacific following El Niño Events
Authors: Lyu Yilong , Li Yuanlong , Wang Jianing , Duan Jing , Tang Xiaohui , Liu Chuanyu , Zhang Linlin , Ma Qiang , Wang Fan
Published: September 2020

Mooring measurements at ~140°E in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean documented greatly intensified eastward subsurface currents, which largely represent the nascent Equatorial Undercurrent, to ~67 cm s−1in boreal summer of 2016. The eastward currents occupied the entire upper 500 m while the westward surface currents nearly disappeared. Historical in situ data observed similar variations after most El Niño events. Further analysis combining satellite and reanalysis data reveals that the eastward currents observed at ~140°E are a component of an anomalous counterclockwise circulation straddling the equator, with westward current anomalies retroflecting near the western boundary and feeding southeastward current anomalies along the New Guinea coast. A 1.5-layer reduced-gravity ocean model is able to crudely reproduce these variations, and a hierarchy of sensitivity experiments is performed to understand the underlying dynamics. The anomalous circulation is largely the delayed ocean response to equatorial wind anomalies over the central-to-eastern Pacific basin emerging in the mature stage of El Niño. Downwelling Rossby waves are generated by the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves and easterly winds in the eastern Pacific. Upon reaching the western Pacific, the southern lobes of Rossby waves encounter the slanted New Guinea island and deflect to the equator, establishing a local sea surface height maximum and leading to the detour of westward currents flowing from the Pacific interior. Additional experiments with edited western boundary geometry confirm the importance of topography in regulating the structure of this cross-equatorial anomalous circulation.
A Pressure-Tight Sampler with Flexible Titanium Bag for Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluid Samples
Authors: Wang Xun , Wu Shi-Jun , Fang Zhen-Fang , Yang Can-Jun , Wang Shuo
Published: September 2020

This paper details the development and application of a novel pressure-tight sampler with a metal seal capable of acquiring high-purity fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The sampler has a titanium diaphragm valve for sampling and a flexible titanium foil bag to store the fluid sample. Hence, all parts of the sampler in contact with the sample are made of titanium without elastomer O-ring seals to minimize the organic carbon blank of the sampler, which makes it suitable for collecting organic samples. A pressure-tight structure was specially designed to maintain the sample at in situ pressure during the recovery of the sampler. The sampler has been successfully tested in a sea trial from November 2018 to March 2019, and pressure-tight hydrothermal fluid samples have been collected.
The Importance of Convective Stage on Out-of-Cloud Convectively Induced Turbulence from High-Resolution Simulations
Authors: Barber Katelyn A. , Mullendore Gretchen L.
Published: September 2020

Turbulence (clear-air, mountain wave, convectively induced) is an aviation hazard that is a challenge to forecast due to the coarse resolution ultilized in operational weather models. Turbulence indices are commonly used to aid pilots in avoiding turbulence, but these indices have been designed and calibrated for midlatitude clear-air turbulence prediction (e.g., the Ellrod index). A significant limitation with current convectively induced turbulence (CIT) prediction is the lack of storm stage dependency. In this study, six high-resolution simulations of tropical oceanic and midlatitude continental convection are performed to characterize the turbulent environment near various convective types during the developing and mature stages. Second-order structure functions, a diagnostic commonly used to identify turbulence in turbulence prediction systems, are used to characterize the probability of turbulence for various convective types. Turbulence likelihood was found to be independent of region (i.e., tropical vs midlatitude) but dependent on convective stage. The probability of turbulence increased near developing convection for the majority of cases. Additional analysis of static stability and vertical wind shear, indicators of turbulence potential, showed that the convective environment near developing convection was more favorable for turbulence production than mature convection. Near developing convection, static stability decreased and vertical wind shear increased. Vertical wind shear near mature and developing convection was found to be weakly correlated to turbulence intensity in both the tropics and the midlatitudes. This study emphasizes the need for turbulence avoidance guidelines for the aviation community that are dependent on convective stage.
Effect of Combining Furosemide With Standard Hydration Therapy on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Angiography or Intervention in a High-Risk Population
Authors: Hu Meijuan , Yan Gaoliang , Tang Haixia , Wang Lei , Zhang Qigao , Gong Jianbin , Tang Chengchun
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether combining furosemide with standard hydration therapy results in increased preventive effects on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) following coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients (n = 230) were enrolled in the study and were randomized to the furosemide group or the control group. Patients in the furosemide group received 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of furosemide as a continuous intravenous infusion for 24 hours postoperatively and the same standard hydration regimen received by the control group. Blood samples were obtained 24 hours before and 48 hours after the procedure and urine volume was recorded postprocedure. Patients were followed up for an average of 6 months after the procedure. The incidence of CI-AKI in the furosemide group was significantly lower than that in the control group (8.7% vs 18.3%, P = .034). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age-glomerular filtration rate-ejection fraction score and V/estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio were independent risk factors for CI-AKI. During the average 6-month follow-up, incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in the furosemide group was also significantly lower. Furosemide combined with standard hydration therapy may reduce the incidence of CI-AKI and MACEs following CA or PCI.
Public Debt Service in South Africa and Its Impact on Economic Growth: An Empirical Test
Authors: Saungweme Talknice , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: September 2020

By applying the autoregressive distributed lag approach, this article investigates the dynamic impact of public debt service on economic growth in South Africa, covering the period from 1970 to 2017. In the recent past, alarming bells have already started sounding about the country’s high debt/gross domestic product (GDP) ratio amid chronic low GDP growth. The article seeks to contribute to the debate that limiting the proportion of public debt service payments to gross national product can achieve economic growth by freeing domestic resources. The empirical findings of the study show that there is no statistically significant relationship between public debt service and economic growth in South Africa, irrespective of whether the estimations are done in the long run or in the short run. Policy implications are discussed.
Environmental Attitudes and Tourist Satisfaction in Overloaded Natural Protected Areas
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Cristina Rempel , Santos Glauber Eduardo de Oliveira , Santos Lobo Heros Augusto
Published: September 2020

Positive attitudes toward the natural environment are supposedly associated with higher levels of satisfaction in the visitation of natural protected areas. However, this relationship has not yet been thoroughly investigated. A reasonable alternative hypothesis can be considered in the case of overloaded natural protected areas (i.e., with high levels of visitation and infrastructure). Too many people and abundant facilities in natural areas could eliminate the effect of the pro-environmental attitude on satisfaction. Environmentalist visitors might feel the area has been spoilt by crowds and overconstruction, or simply they might not find the close contact with nature they were looking for. These concurrent hypotheses were tested using data from 434 interviews conducted with long-haul tourists visiting the Iguaçu National Park in Brazil. The results showed that, despite the crowds and large-scale infrastructure in the park, environmentalists are still more satisfied than nonenvironmentalists with the visitation experience. Managerial implications are discussed.
The impact of policy change on prisoner resettlement and community integration: A case of disproportionate response
Authors: Kay Christopher
Published: September 2020

The involvement of prisoners on license in the recent London Bridge and Streatham, London attacks have triggered a series of policies aiming to restrict community release. These aim to address not only the point at which prisoners in England and Wales are released, but also the level of engagement prisoners can have with the community before release. They have been introduced with little consultation of the available evidence and, seemingly, with little consideration of those who will be directly impacted as a result of their implementation. This commentary considers how announced changes in policy relating to the use of Release on Temporary Licence (ROTL) with prisoners, represent a response which is not only disproportionate to the scale of the problem but may also negatively impact upon prisoner rehabilitation. It draws upon evidence surrounding the impact of early release and evidence surrounding the practices which work to promote desistance from crime to highlight the flaws in these new policies, but also the importance of maintaining community engagement in the rehabilitation of people with convictions.
The effects of morbidity-mortality and economic unpredictability on parental distress: A life history approach
Authors: Szepsenwol Ohad , Shai Dana , Zamir Osnat , Simpson Jeffry A.
Published: September 2020

Negative affect caused by stressful life events can carry over to parental relationships and induce parental distress. Such spillover effects, however, may not operate uniformly in men and women, and may not be the same for different types of stressful life events. Employing life history theory, we hypothesized that male parents should experience more parental distress following exposure to cues of extrinsic morbidity-mortality (illness or death of someone close) or economic unpredictability (financial or occupational changes). We tested this hypothesis in two studies. In Study 1 ( N = 207), recent exposures to morbidity-mortality and economic unpredictability were uniquely associated with parental stress, but the effect of economic unpredictability existed only in men. Stronger unpredictability beliefs partially mediated these effects. Moreover, morbidity-mortality and economic unpredictability were indirectly associated with less positive parenting through greater parental stress. Study 2 used a dyadic sample of 105 families transitioning to parenthood. Recent exposures to morbidity-mortality and economic unpredictability were uniquely associated with parental distress (parental stress and postpartum depression) in men only, whereas exposure to other sources of stress was more strongly associated with women’s parental distress. The effects of morbidity-mortality on men’s parental distress were mediated by their lower parental self-efficacy. These findings imply that men’s parental experiences are particularly vulnerable to risky and unpredictable environments.