bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Understanding: Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Mnema Theory
Authors: Bubnova Natalia A.
Published: April 2024

The study provides a brief overview of the Mnema Theory, a bibliopsychological theory based on the achievements in physiology and evolutionary biology formulated by Russian bibliographer, book critic, popularizer of science and writer Nikolai Alexandrovich Rubakin (Nicholas Rubakin), and the one which allows consistently and vividly reveal the structure of the human psyche, and show the mechanisms associated with understanding in general and understanding words and text, in particular. The Theory of Mnema, although presented to the scientific community at the beginning of the 20th century, is nevertheless highly relevant after a hundred years, and there continues to be more and more evidence pointing to the veracity and credibility of its provisions from modern humanitarian and natural sciences. Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Theory of Mnema is formulated on the basis of three laws of bibliopsychology: Zemon’s Law, Humboldt-Potebnya’s Law and Teng’s Law, and shows the structure of the human psyche in the form of mnema, which is a system of records received from external stimuli. According to Nikolay A. Rubakin’s theory, the mnema are a complex open system that is in a state of permanent development, and is always being added to and is continually changing. The complex composition of the reader’s mnema determines the perception and interpretation of a text, which is also understood as the external stimulus that generates a set of engrams and their activation leading to their subsequent ecphorias, as well as the projections that a reader receives when understanding texts. The validity of Nikolay A. Rubakin’s Theory of Mnema is confirmed by psychophysiological experiments aimed at measuring the semantic proximity of words (experiments of A.R. Luria and O.S. Vinogradova), psychological and psycholinguistic experiments (for example, Rorschach tests and various kinds of associative experiments), as well as the achievements of the philological science itself with regard to the study of the space of artistic and non-artistic text, the actual images of the author and the characteristics of the interpretations of the text by readers and researchers.
Impact of Microbial Intake for Gums and Periodontal Health in Children Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Jacob Dr. Anieta Merin , A. Razzak Mahmood Dr. Ammar , S Dr. Narendranath , Babu Dr D Abisheik Johnson
Published: April 2024

Probiotics comprised of living microorganisms and are devoid of any detrimental impacts on health. When consumed in sufficient amounts, they provide nutritional advantages. The prevalent oral infections primarily target the periodontal and dental tissues inside the mouth cavity. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of oral probiotics in combating bacteria associated with periodontal and dental diseases. Moreover, it aims to evaluate the gum and periodontal well-being of children receiving chemotherapy following the intake of oral probiotics. Seventy children, aged 4 to 16 years and undergoing chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to either the control or test group, which received probiotics, over a period of ninety days. Various evaluations, including the examination of gum and teeth-supporting structures, oral cleanliness, and testing for caries activity, were conducted at different intervals. SPSS 19.0 was utilized for statistical analysis. Among participants in the treatment group, the administration of oral probiotics resulted in a noteworthy reduction in biofilm accumulation over the observation period (P < 0.05). The test group exhibited an improvement in the condition of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth (P < 0.05). A caries activity assessment was conducted using the Snyder test. Among the children in the research group, 10 were found to have a score of 1, while eight exhibited a score of 2. None of the children in the research group displayed a score of 3. The findings indicated that consistent intake of oral probiotics leads to a significant decrease in the build-up of biofilm, the production of tartar, and the occurrence of tooth decay within the experimental group.
Cerebral hypoperfusion exacerbates vascular dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Whitehead Bailey , Corbin Deborah , Meadows Ethan , Zhang Ning , Hollander John , Weil Kate , Weil Zachary
Published: April 2024

Traumatic brain injuries are extremely common, and although most
patients recover from their injuries many TBI patients suffer prolonged
symptoms and remain at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular
disease and neurodegeneration. Moreover, it remains challenging to
identify predictors of poor long-term outcomes. Here, we tested the
hypothesis that preexisting cerebrovascular impairment exacerbates
metabolic and vascular dysfunction and leads to worse outcomes after
TBI. Male mice underwent a mild surgical reduction in cerebral blood
flow using a model of bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) wherein
steel microcoils were implanted around the carotid arteries. Then mice
underwent a mild-moderate TBI, or a combination of BCAS followed by TBI
30 days post coil implantation. Gene expression profiles, cerebral blood
flow, metabolic function, oxidative damage, vascular health and
angiogenesis were assessed. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of endothelial
cells isolated from mice after TBI showed differential gene expression
profiles after TBI and BCAS, that were further altered when mice
underwent both challenges. TBI but not BCAS increased mitochondrial
oxidative metabolism. Both BCAS and TBI decreased cerebrovascular
responses to repeated whisker stimulation. BCAS induced oxidative damage
and inflammation in the vasculature as well as loss of vascular density,
and reduced the numbers of angiogenic tip cells. Finally, intravascular
protein accumulation was increased among mice that experienced both BCAS
and TBI. Overall, our findings reveal that a prior vascular impairment
significantly alters the profile of vascular health and function of the
cerebrovasculature, and when combined with TBI may result in worsened
outcomes.
Chemical-Drug-Free, Ionizing-radiation-Free, and Metabolic-Interference-Free Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy
Authors: savari Mohammad-Nabil
Published: April 2024

Although there have been numerous recent advancements, the prognosis for
glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is still poor. The blood-brain barrier
(BBB) places restrictions on GBM treatment. To enhance therapeutic
effects, medicines must aggregate at the tumor site. In this review, I
discussed RVG29-modified nanoplatforms which were not only able to cross
the BBB, but they could accumulate specifically in cerebral glioma
tissue. I also discussed the cancer treatment known as magnetic
hyperthermia, which involves heating tumor tissues using magnetic
nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields. And I analyzed its use
alone and in combination with other adjuvant therapies. Using modified
Iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic hyperthermia can also be used with
T1/T2 MRI. Additionally, I examined the use of sonodynamic therapy as a
novel and efficient non-invasive way of treating cancer cells. Moreover,
I looked over research on photo penetration via the brain’s tissues. In
humans’ head (scalp plus skull), the red/NIR (630-810 nm) light
penetration ranged from 0.2-10%. In addition, I looked at the
superadditive treatment efficacy of using Fe3O4 when combined with
photodynamic and photothermal therapy, which demonstrated superior
efficacy in eliminating glioma as compared to employing each treatment
modality alone or in combination. Finally, according to the
superadditive (i.e. “1+1>2”) effect, and the studies we
reviewed I believe combining rather safe therapies, such as MHCT, PTT,
and PDT with appropriate nanoplatforms that are coated with BBB and GBM
cells targeting ligands, Could result in an enhanced GBM therapy and MRI
monitoring.
BMAL1 deficiency in macrophage exacerbates sepsis-induced inflammatory response and organ damage by regulating PGC-1α
Authors: Li Xinjian , Qi Feng , Yao Bin , Liu Yan , Yi Zu
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Bmal1 is an important circadian rhythm gene, and its
effect on sepsis has not been entirely elucidated. The aim of this work
was to explore the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of BMAL1 in
sepsis. Methods: C57BL/6J mice and THP-1 macrophages were used to
establish sepsis models in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The
peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and liver Kupffer cells (KCs) of mice were
extracted, and the expressions of BMAL1 and PGC-1α in various
macrophages were detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR.
Overexpression of BMAL1 in macrophages with plasmid. Knocked down the
expression of PGC-1α by short hairpin RNAs (shRNA). STL1267 is an
inhibitor of BMAL1, was used to inhibit the expression of BMAL1 in mice.
Western blotting was used to detected the expression of BMAL1 in
macrophages. ELISA was used to detected the levels of imerleukin-6
(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cell supernatant and mouse
serum, and HE staining was used to detected the pathological changes of
organs. In addition, we detected the mutual regulation of BMAL1 and
PGC-1α. Results: Both the sepsis models in vivo and in vitro, the
protein and mRNA expression of BMAL1 in macrophages were significantly
decreased. Overexpression of BMAL1 inhibits LPS-mediated inflammatory
response and promotes M2-type polarization of macrophages. Inhibition
the expression of BMAL1 by STL1267 further aggravated the inflammatory
reaction and multiple organ damage in septic mice. PGC-1α is the
downstream factor of BMAL1. After silencing PGC-1α, the inhibitory
effect of BMAL1 on inflammatory response of macrophages was
significantly weakened. Conclusions: BMAL1 is a key factor in inhibiting
macrophage inflammatory response and sepsis, and its molecular mechanism
closely related to the regulation of BMAL1 to PGC-1α.
Decontamination of a surgical mask with UV radiation: experiments and optical simulations
Authors: Ketoja Jukka A. , Kiiskinen Titta , Mangs Oliver , Virkajärvi Jussi , Elsehrawy Farid , Salo Satu , Miettinen Arttu , Halme Janne , Harlin Ali
Published: April 2024

The suitability of ultraviolet (UV) radiation for the decontamination of
a surgical face mask was studied by comparing experiments with
ray-tracing optical simulations. The 3D fiber network was constructed
from X-ray tomography images of the layered mask structure consisting of
polypropylene fibers. Both simulations and optical measurements on
reflection and transmission indicated that UV light was able to
penetrate even the deepest material regions. The decontamination
experiments, carried out using Staphylococcus aureus and MS2
microbes, indicated an over 6 log reduction in viable
virus contamination of the inner filtering layer. This was achieved
within two minutes at a moderate dosage level of 0.22 J/cm
. The simulations show that despite radiation
reflection from the outer mask layer, a significant dosage enters the
actual filtering layer due to multiple refraction and scattering of UV
light from the inner fibers. This leads to an effective decontamination
of fibers with small external UV dosage.
Phylogenetic relatedness to native congeners drives insect abundance and diversity hosted by non-native trees
Authors: Schweiger Andreas , Berauer Bernd , Assel Melanie , Bienwald Sarah , Kittler Florian , Obermaier Elisabeth , Lauerer Marianne
Published: April 2024

Non-native trees are of major importance in forestry and urban greening
but are controversially discussed with regard to their effects on native
biodiversity. Existing literature reports positive as well as negative
biodiversity effects of non-native trees. Geographic, climatic and
phylogenetic distance between the non-native and native tree species are
named as important factors shaping these biodiversity effects. However,
studies with a large geographic and taxonomic coverage are missing. Here
we tested the effects of geographic, climatic and phylogenetic distance
on resident insect abundance and diversity for 77 native and non-native
tree species in a common garden trial. We identified phylogenetic
distance of tree species to be the main driver of insect abundance and
diversity with a negative effect of increasing phylogenetic distance and
stronger effects for phytophagous than for non-phytophagous insects.
This highlights the necessity to account for phylogenetic history shared
between native and non-native congeners when managing non-native trees.
Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster dose in persons with HIV (PWH)
Authors: Vergori Alessandra , Matusali Giulia , Cimini Eleonora , Mariotti Davide , Mazzotta Valentina , Cozzi-Lepri A. , Colavita Francesca , Gagliardini Roberta , Notari Stefania , Meschi Silvia , Fusto Marisa , Tartaglia Eleonora , Girardi Enrico , Maggi Fabrizio , Antinori Andrea
Published: April 2024

We estimated the dynamics of the neutralizing response against XBB
sublineages and T cell response in PWH with previous AIDS and/or
CD4<200/mm receiving the bivalent original
strain/BA.4-5 booster dose (bBD) in fall 2022. Samples were collected
before the shot (T0), 15 days (T1), 3 (T3), and 6 months (T6) after. PWH
were stratified by immunization status: hybrid immunity (HI; vaccination
plus COVID-19) vs. non-hybrid immunity (nHI; vaccination only). At T1,
16% and 30% of PWH were non-responders in terms of anti-XBB.1.16 or
anti-EG.5.1 nAbs, respectively. At T3, a significant waning of
anti-XBB.1.16, EG.5.1 and -XBB.1 nAbs was observed both in HI and nHI
but nAbs in HI were higher than in nHI. At T6 both HI and nHI
individuals displayed low mean levels of anti-XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 nAbs.
Regarding T cell response, IFN-γ values were stable over time and
similar in HI and nHI. Our data showed that in PLWH, during the
prevalent circulation of the XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and other XBB
sublineages, a bBD mRNA vaccine might not confer broad protection
against them. With a view to the 2023/2024 vaccination campaign, the use
of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine should be urgently warranted in
PWH to provide adequate protection.
Uma abordagem MCDA para identificar lacunas e perspectivas sobre o tratamento de asma no Brasil
Authors: Silva Valentim Sallum Frederico , Oliveira Wender Aparecido , Ferreira Penha Márcio , Gatti de Menezes Fabiana
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A asma é uma doença respiratória crônica que tem chamado a atenção pelo número de casos no Brasil e no mundo. Diferentes tecnologias para asma têm sido submetidos a Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias (Conitec) para incorporação no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os relatórios de recomendação sobre tecnologias para tratamento deasma disponibilizados pela Conitec no período de fevereiro de 2012 a maio de 2021 para classificar os principais critérios de análise como ponto forte ou fraco para cada tecnologia. Métodos: Uma busca por relatórios de recomendação sobre tecnologias para tratamento de asma submetidos para incorporação no período descrito acima foi performada na base de dados da Conitec. A partir disso, uma estrutura de análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) foi estabelecida para classificar cada critérios como ponto forte ou fraco. Resultados: Foram encontrados nove relatórios de recomendação sobre asma representando a submissão de dez tecnologias, formando um conjunto de alternativas: omalizumabe (três submissões: 2013; 2016; 2019), fluticasona (duas submissões: 2013; 2015); budesonida+formoterol (duas submissões: 2015; 2021), tiotrópio, ben-ralizumabe, mepolizumabe (2021). Além disso, o seguinte conjunto de critérios foi estabelecido: eficácia; segurança; avaliação econômica; e impacto orçamentário. Tiotrópio e benralizumabe obtiveram todos os critérios classificados como ponto forte. Fluticasona (2013) obteve todos os critérios classificados como ponto fraco. Conclusão: Foi possívelclassificar os quatro critérios como ponto forte ou fraco para cada tecnologia submetida à Conitec. A análise proposta pode ser facilmente aprimorada para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisão a partir de diferentes características.
Avaliação do Impacto Farmacoeconômico do Reaproveitamento de Overfill de Medicamentos Prescritos com Dose Fechada
Authors: Moreno Araujo Lorenna , Roldão da Silva Edvan , De Souza Alves Felipe , Francozo de Melo Adriana , Soares dos Santos Fred
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto farmacoeconômico do reaproveitamento de sobras de frascos de medicamentos prescritos com dose fechada em um ambulatório de oncologia do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, referente ao período de junho de 2020 a junho de 2023, no qual foi mensurada a quantidade de overfill médio por frasco dos medicamentos pembrolizumabe, pertuzumabe, atezolizumabe e daratu-mumabe SC prescritos em dose fechada e a redução do desperdício com uso destes, utilizando dispositivo de sistema fechado. As manipulações foram realizadas em condições de temperatura controlada, ambiente de área limpa e com a validação realizada por 3 farmacêuticos. Resultados: Foram economizados 121 frascos de pembrolizumabe (R$ 2.207.675,25) em 4.656 utilizados, 20 frascos de pertuzumabe (R$ 267.084,80) em 564 utilizados, 7 frascos de atezolizumabe 1200 mg (R$ 150.172,26) em 452 utilizados, 25 frascos de atezolizumabe 840 mg (R$ 766.184,75) em 139 frascos utilizados, 12 frascos de daratumumabe SC (R$ 328.514,28) em 292 utilizados, totalizando R$ 3.719.631,34 de redução de custo nesse período, utilizando como referencial o Preço Fábrica da Brasíndice e dispositivos de segurança de sistema fechado. Conclusão: O uso do dispositivo de sistema fechado, combinado com validação da área limpa, técnicas farmacêuticas de assepsia e boas práticas de manipulação, permitem o uso de medicamentos com dose fechada em até 7 dias. Considerando o volume de manipulações, mostra-se possível otimizar recursos e gerar economias no acumulado de períodos. O conhecimento técnico do farmacêutico aliado a conceitos de gestão financeira contribui significativamente na sustentabilidade das instituições.
Concordância entre bases de dados sobre interações medicamentosas entre varfarina e antimicrobianos: uma análise descritiva.
Authors: Meregalli Rosana Thalia , Da Silva Dal-Pizzol Tatiane , Mello de Oliveira Luciana
Published: April 2024

Interações medicamentosas (IM) são eventos adversos que podem comprometer a efetividade terapêutica e a segurança do paciente. A varfarina está associada à IM relevantes com diversos medicamentos, incluindo antimicrobianos (AM). Objetivo: analisar concordância entre informações sobre mecanismo provável, classificação de gravidade e ma-nejo sugerido de IM potenciais entre varfarina e AM presentes na Relação Municipal de Medicamentos de Porto Alegre (REMUME/POA), nas bases de dados eletrônicas (BDE) UpToDate®, Drugs.com®, Medscape® e Micromedex®. Metodologia: análise descritiva de acordo com os Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. Resultados:Dos 15 AM, 13 apresentaram IM com varfarina em ao menos 01 das 04 BDE. Para a classificação da IM, a taxa de concordância total obtida nas 04 BDE consultadas foi de 33%; a concordância parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 33% e entre 03, também de 33%, e as BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Drugs.com® (87%). Quanto ao mecanismo provável da IM, não houve concordância total entre as 04 BDE; a parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 38% e entre 03, de 23%, e as BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Medscape® (38%). Para a sugestão de manejo clínico, a concordância total foi de 23%; a parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 38%, e entre 03, também de 38%. As BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Drugs.com® (85%). Conclusão: As taxas de concordância total entre as BDE são relativamente baixas, mas a parcial é maior.
Assessment of DUS Traits in Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes: A Comprehensive Study on Genetic Diversity and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Gulzar Iram , Kumar Sanjay , Shikari Asif Bashir , Dar Zahoor Ahmad , Rashid Zahida , Lone Ajaz A. , Wani Fahim J. , Tutlani Aman , Kumar Rajneesh
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted at Dry Land Agriculture Research Station (DARS), Rangreth, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India aimed to comprehensively assess 40 genotypes, alongside 5 checks, for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) characterization. Employing an Augmented Block Design in the field in kharif season of April-August, 2022 and a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the laboratory from September–March 2023, the genotypes underwent evaluation for 21 DUS traits and 43 morphological, maturity, yield and quality traits. The evaluation followed descriptors specific to rajmash genotypes, utilizing frequency distribution based on “state” and “code” for each trait. The results indicated that majority of genotypes exhibited early flowering (<50 days), with 91% displaying an absence of anthocyanin coloration. Erect plant types were prevalent (51.11%), with 51% and 60% being viny and determinate, respectively. Most genotypes featured medium-sized, light green, ovate leaves (46.66%, 53%, and 22%, respectively). White-colored flowers (48.88%) with striped petal surfaces (57.77%) and medium curvature (40.00%) were predominant. Seed-related traits, such as cordate pod shapes (51%) and concave pod sutures (50%), along with acute pod distal shapes (69%), were observed. Pale green pods (57.77%) and 76% of genotypes exhibiting pod stringiness were noted. Seed shapes were mainly kidney-shaped (60%), and absent pigmentation in pod shells (73%) was observed. Large-sized seeds (40%) with dark red testa color (44%) were common, and seed testa variegation was “absent” in 75.55% of genotypes.
Rhetorical Analysis of Engagement in Discussion Section of Doctoral Dissertations Written by Kurdish Native Speakers
Authors: Seyyedi Keivan
Published: April 2024

Academic writing is commonly regarded as a means to facilitate communication between authors and readers. As a result, scholars are expected not only to present information about the external world through their texts but also to employ language to acknowledge, construct, and foster social connections. Textual engagement requires significant linguistic and cognitive effort, regardless of the writers’ backgrounds. It involves complex knowledge, skills, and familiarity with social practices, which require explicit teaching and time. Even native English speakers find it challenging to acquire the necessary academic skills and social practices of the academic setting due to the discursive nature of higher education. This study aimed to explore the level of engagement in the discussion sections of applied doctoral dissertations written by Kurdish native speakers. To achieve this objective, the researcher analyzed eight randomly selected doctoral dissertations in applied linguistics authored by Kurdish native speakers, employing Martin and White’s (2005) framework. The study identified each dialogic engagement resource’s frequency of occurrence and functions, providing explanations and examples. The findings indicated that the writers being studied utilized different dialogic resources for engaging in conversation with their potential audience. Additionally, they preferred to employ resources that fostered expansive dialogue more often than those that limited it, possibly to reduce the chances of encountering rejection or opposition.
Bezpečnost civilního letectví pohledem regulace 1. poloviny 20. století
Authors: Benda Matěj
Published: April 2024

The author discusses the international agreements of the first half of the 20th century, which regulate the issue of international air transport and partially also its safety and security. The first such treaty was the Paris Convention, which was replaced by the Chicago Convention after World War II. This agreement became a universal international treaty, and some of its provisions were also adopted as international custom until ratified by all contracting states. The provision of operational safety and the protection of civil aviation against illegal acts were opened precisely in the Chicago Convention, which became the basis for other international agreements in the second half of the 20th century. The reader will thus become familiar with the legal basis of the regulation of international air transport and get a glimpse behind the scenes of its very creation.
Nový stavební zákon v kontextu základních zásad činnosti správních orgánů
Authors: Kočí Roman
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the issue of the new Construction Act in the context of the basic principles of the activity of administrative authorities. It is a very topical issue, as the new Construction Act has the ambition to change the bad situation in the field of building permits. Building permitting in the Czech Republic is very slow, inefficient, non-transparent and of low quality. The problem has been discussed for two decades without any meaningful solution, and the situation in public building law is getting worse and worse. The ambition of the new Construction Act is to improve the poor situation significantly. In my opinion, the new Construction Act will succeed in doing this if its text reflects the basic principles of the work of administrative authorities. These are defined in the Administrative Code and are universally applicable to all administrative bodies, including building authorities. The basic principles for the activities of administrative authorities should be one of the means of improving the quality, efficiency and speed of a specific legal area. In this paper, I conclude that the content of the new Construction Act is in line with many of the basic principles of administrative authorities. There is a strong presumption that the new Construction Act will fulfil its objectives and that the processes in public construction law will be significantly accelerated and improved. The threat is the forthcoming substantive amendment to the new Construction Act, which will in effect preserve the status quo, i.e. leave the existing system of construction and affected authorities unchanged. This is a major risk and the construction administration will not function properly in this way, as we have seen repeatedly over the last 20 years. It is not just the digitisation of processes that is the salvation. We cannot do without a truly comprehensive reform in public law.
Solvent retention capacity as a useful tool for quality evaluation of flours produced from Slovak bred wheat varieties
Authors: Holkovičová Tatiana , Kohajdová Zlatica , Lauková Michaela , Minarovičová Lucia , Babulicová Mária
Published: April 2024

Wheat varieties (IS Danubius and MS Luneta) bred in Slovakia were assessed for their bakery potential. It was found that flour produced from IS Danubius was characterised by significantly higher level of wet and dry gluten content (30.91 and 20.53 %, respectively) and exhibited higher gluten swelling capacity (29.3 %) in comparison to commercial wheat flour that is usually available in Slovak markets. Solvent retention capacity (solvation in specific solvents) of the tested flours was also determined. The measurements showed that these parameters significantly differ from those determined for commercially available flour, whereas the flour produced from IS Danubius wheat variety had the highest lactic acid retention capacity (124.15 %). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations between solvent retention capacity values and gluten characteristics. Furthermore, it was found that baked rolls prepared from IS Danubius flour showed significantly higher loaf volume compared to commercial wheat flour. This study proves lactic acid retention capacity and sucrose retention capacity as parameters enabling the prediction of gluten network quality in dough and of qualitative parameters of baked goods. From the sensory evaluation resulted that the highest score for overall acceptance was observed in IS Danubius baked rolls, which significantly differs from both MS Luneta and commercial wheat flour.
Constrained Vapor Bubble Experiment (CVB) in the Light Microscopy Module (LMM)
Authors: Plawsky Joel
Published: April 2024

This short article describes the major findings from the CVB experiment performed in the LMM on the International Space Station from 2010–2012. CVB was the first experiment to run in the new facility and focused on understanding the heat transfer and fluid mechanics occurring inside a wickless miniature heat pipe. The LMM was used to map the location of the vapor-liquid interface inside the device and to measure the film thickness profile on the walls of the device. Several interesting and unexpected phenomena were observed in microgravity including flooding of the heater end with liquid as the heat input increased, explosive nucleation of vapor bubbles at the heater end in the shortest version of the heat pipe tested, condensation on highly superheated surfaces, and the spontaneous formation of rip currents as the device tried to enhance the contact line area available for evaporation of the liquid.
Contribution of Protected Areas to Mitigate the Effect of Landscape Fragmentation in Slovakia
Authors: Černecký Ján , Švajda Juraj , Ďuricová Viktória , Špulerová Jana
Published: April 2024

The main aim of the research is to identify landscape fragmentation (LF) in Slovakia with special emphasis on the contribution of protected areas (PAs) to mitigate the effect of LF. Results are presented in the final raster output (10 m grid). The raster contains 490,321,151 individual 10 m raster grids, with the LF average value of 59.12 % (where 0 represents fragmented landscape, 100 represents fully connected landscape by natural or semi-natural ecosystems) on the national level. Most of the territory of Slovakia falls within the range of values 55 – 65 %, which confirms the presence of significant continuous unfragmented areas. Based on the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) statistics results, there is a positive correlation of lower LF within the PAs network (p < 0.05, Table 1) in comparison to the unprotected part of Slovakia. The results of geographically weight regression (GWR) proved a medium positive correlation (r2=0.36; r2adj=0.36; n=49,003), thus confirming to a certain extent the role of PAs in the mitigation of the effect of LF. On the other hand, the level of protection does not correlate significantly with fragmentation values, where a higher level of protection is not significantly connected with a lower level of LF. For each category of PA, individual statistics of quality and quantity of LF are estimated and subsequently compared with unprotected parts of Slovakia. The comparison of all PAs with each other resulted in 1,132 unique assessments. The overall average value of LF of unprotected parts is still rather high (56.42 %) and it shows that there are still significant areas existing, which are situated in unprotected parts of the country. Spatial analysis revealed, that these important parts are covering 93,065 hectares, and are variously spread across the whole of Slovakia. The average value of LF for these newly identified areas is 68.5 %. As output, the results of this research present a comprehensive national map of the level of LF and lists of PAs ranked according to the overall assessment of LF.
Gold-plating of EU Law in the Czech Republic Revisited
Authors: Král Richard
Published: April 2024

The article first updates the concept and typology of gold-plating of EU law. In this respect, it makes the distinction between various types of gold-plating of EU law and submits that it should now be understood as any national transposition of EU directives as well as any national normative implementation of any other EU legal acts which exceeds the minimum regulatory requirements of the transposed or implemented EU act and which remains within EU legality. Secondly, it provides an updated view of the use of gold-plating in the Czech Republic. It does so by comparing the current gold-plating situation in this Member State with that of a decade ago. This comparison has revealed a predominantly positive development in this area, namely the almost total eradication of inadvertent gold-plating and the consolidation of deliberate justified gold-plating of EU law in Czech legislative practice. Still, the article pleads for some further refinements in the area concerned.
Echogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque - a criterion for assessing the dynamics and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Pogorelova O. A. , Tripoten M. A. , Hamchieva L. Sh. , Guchaeva D. A. , Kozlov S. G. , Shakhnovich R. M. , Balakhonova T. V.
Published: April 2024

Aim: to measure the echogenicity of atherosclerotic plaques (AP) of carotid arteries to assess the dynamics of atherosclerosis and risk of cardiovascular outcomes (CVO) in patients with different CVD risk.

Materials and methods. The study included 223 patients: 80 patients (47 males) with moderate CVD risk (mean age: 53 years, range: 39-66) (Group 1) and 143 patients (123 males) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and high CVD risk (mean age: 57, range: 32-83) years (Group 2). All patients were examined at the Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology. Patients underwent a standard clinical examination, biochemical blood test with lipid profile determination, and ultrasound duplex scanning. Patients with ACS were re-examined after 1-1.5 years and patients with moderate CVD risk were re-examined after 1 and 7 years.

Results. We analyzed 181 APs in Group 1 and 378 APs in Group 2. Analysis of gray-scale median (GSM) at the first and second visit showed a significant increase in GSM in both groups: from 67.02 [54.13; 82.85] to 73.5 [59.5; 88.7] (p<0.0001) in Group 1, and from 49.3 [39.73;63.64] to 50.7 [40.04;66.54] (p<0.05) in Group 2. An increase in GSM was observed in 79% of patients in Group 1, in 53% of patients in Group 2. Unfavorable CVO (CVO+) developed after 7 years in 7 (8.8%) patients in Group 1, and after 1 year in 23 (23%) patients in Group 2. In Group 1, an increase in GSM was observed only in patients with favorable prognosis (CVO-): from 67.7[52.13; 79.0] to 77.5[64.12; 91.0] (n=148 AP, p<0.05), in patients with CVO+, GSM increased non-significantly from 60.1[53.5; 66.5] to 66.5[55.0; 71.6] (n=18 AP, p=NS). In Group 2, a significant increase in GSM was observed in patients with CVO-: from 48.7[39.0; 63.4] to 51.3[40.0; 67.4] (n=141 AP, p<0.01), in patients with CVO+, GSM decreased from 51.6[42.9; 72.5] to 50.2[40.4; 65.0] (n=43 AP, p=NS). In Group 2, GSM significantly increased by 2.75 (6.05%) from the initial value (p<0.05) in patients with CVO-, while patients with CVO+ showed a significant decrease in the average GSM of AP by 3.33 (7.8%) (p<0.05). Using ROC analysis, a Δ% GSM value of 6.96% was found (area under the curve 0.628 ± 0.0465 [95% CI 0.556 - 0.696], p = 0.0058). According to Cox regression analysis, the risk of CVO increased by 2.16 times with a decrease in GSM AP in the carotid arteries over time by ≥ 6.96% (НR=2.16; 95% CI=1.331 – 3.507); p=0.009.

Conclusion. The ultrasound method of measuring the echogenicity of an atherosclerotic plaque of the carotid artery using GSM parameter can be effective for assessing the dynamics of atherosclerosis and prognosis of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with high and moderate CVD risk
ISUOG Practice Guidelines: ultrasound assessment of fetal biometry and growth (translation into Russian)
Authors: Salomon L.J. , Alfirevic Z. , Da Silva Costa F. , Deter R.L. , Figueras F. , Ghi T. , Glanc P. , Khalil A. , Lee W. , Napolitano R. , Papageorghiou A.T. , Sotiriadis A. , Stirnemann J. , Toi A. , Yeo G.
Published: April 2024

These guidelines may have been translated, from the originals published by ISUOG, by recognized experts in the field and have been independently verified by reviewers with a relevant first language. Although all reasonable endeavors have been made to ensure that no fundamental meaning has been changed the process of translation may naturally result in small variations in words or terminology and so ISUOG makes no claim that translated guidelines can be considered to be an exact copy of the original and accepts no liability for the consequence of any variations. The guidelines are only officially approved by the ISUOG in their English published form.
Fact or Artifact: A prospective study on diagnostic value of a new echocardiographic parameter of Color Doppler Horizontal Splay width in assessment of mitral regurgitation severity
Authors: Bazylev V. V. , Babukov R. M. , Bartosh F. L. , Levina A. V. , Mikulyak A. I.
Published: April 2024

Objective. 1. To evaluate the diagnostic value of the echocardiographic parameter of Color Doppler Horizontal Splay width (CDHSW) in assessment the of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity.2. To determine the cut-off values of CDHSW for the diagnosis of severe MR.Material and methods. A prospective data collection of 81 patients with presence of CDHS on echocardiography was carried out. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in all of them to clarify the etiology and severity of MR, and in addition, 33 (40%) patients underwent phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging.Results. After multiparametric examination severe MR was found in 32 (39%) patients, moderate MR in 47 (58%) and mild MR in 2 (3%). Regurgitation jet was eccentric in 79 (98%) patients, and sharply eccentric in 58 (71%) of them. The values of CDHSW (measured in 4-chamber, 2-chamber view, and mean CDHSW values) were significantly higher in the group of severe MR in comparison with the group of moderate MR.  A statistically significant strong correlation was revealed between the CDHSW (measured in the 4- and 2-chamber view, and  mean CDHSW values) with the values of MR volume, regurgitant fraction, size of effective regurgitant orifice, and a moderate correlation with the values of  vena contracta width, left ventricle end-diastolic velocity  and left atrium volume. ROC analysis showed the highest diagnostic value (AUC 0,93 ± 0,5, p < 0,001) of mean CDHSW in diagnosis of  severe MR   in comparison with CDHSW. Optimal cutoff value for mean CDHSW for severe MR  diagnosis was >30 mm with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 71%.Conclusions. 1. CDHSW is an echocardiographic parameter that provides additional opportunities in the diagnosis of  latent moderate and severe eccentric MR.2. It is reasonable to use mean values for the increase of diagnostic sensitivity of CDHSW.3. The mean value of CDHSW >30 mm is highly suggestive to severe MR.
Financial Literacy and Digital Banking Services in Sikkim
Authors: Mothey Albert , Mothey Albert , Chettri Pramesh , Chhetri Rasik
Published: April 2024

Objective: The research was multifaceted - the goal was dual folded: first, to establish how well people perceive online banking and the services they provide. The second area covered in the study was the intention to participate in electronic banking services.
 
Theoretical Framework: The valuable impact of digitalization of banks on the rationalization of the local financial system. Along with this, financial literacy was highlighted in both the domestic industry and the international market which caused sustainable development.
 
Method: The data was collected by administering a structured free format survey to the customers of banks in a district of Sikkim (East region) Convenience sampling was the approach undertaken for selecting respondents.
 
Results & Discussion: The results and discussion were shown to have increased digital banking in recent times as reflected in the country. This is the second major rationale as to why cyber thieves should not be scared of e-banking since it appears more secure than traditional banking. Also, it has been seen that digital banks provide more diverse outlets in terms of loans and a wide spectrum of banking services. An efficient IT infrastructure and working devices fit the bill to make the financial market function correctly.
 
Implications: This data can be used to suggest that in the future, financial literacy programs can be of maximum help to financial institutions thus increasing the frequency of digital banking.
 
Originality: The uniqueness of this research lies in its analysis of the level of awareness and a high tendency of digital banking in a few municipalities which are situated in East Sikkim. Also, it recommends strategies like educational programs that are gender-sensitive and that contribute to a more resilient and sustainable digital banking ecosystem.
The Prosecutor's Promise in Executing the Claim Cessation Based on Restorative Justice
Authors: Simbolon Bona Fernandez M.T. , Syahrin Alvi , Ediwarman  , Marlina
Published: April 2024

Objective: The prosecutor's power to stop the trial on the basis of restorative justice is an expression of the principle of separation, which is rooted in Pancasila and serves as the cornerstone of the Indonesian nation's state and ideology. This authority is also responsible for supporting easy, fast and affordable legal proceedings and implementing the principle of remedium ultimum.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study addresses the power of the Public Prosecutor's Office to suspend prosecution for specific criminal offenses, such as loss of property and damage to physical property, based on restorative justice.
 
Method: This research approach, known as normative jurisprudence, employs secondary data to do legal analysis of the problem's subject matter utilizing the law and a few court decisions.
 
Results and conclusion: The findings of the investigation reveal that the prosecutor's authority to stop the case on the basis of restorative justice is based on the values of Pancasila, the dominus litis, and the opportunist.  In short, the prosecutor's ability to stop trials based on principles of restorative justice is optional rather than necessary. This procedure is based on the provisions of the Prosecutor's Rules.
 
Implication of the research: The prosecutor's power is in violation of the core tenet of criminal law if they pressure the offenders and victims to reconcile, as making peace does not absolve the criminal element.
 
Originality/value: that the exercise of authority by the prosecutor should not be strictly defended; instead, they should act as mediators, offering advice and advice so that the parties to the conflict can decide whether to pursue a peaceful settlement for certain crimes, such as physical and property crimes.   If the victim refuses to negotiate a peace settlement, the case must undergo further investigation to get a judge's verdict.
Humanitarian Values in Bali Community: Study Report
Authors: Rusman Rina , Daula Zainul , Danil Elwi , Sofyan Syofirman
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The goal of the research is to better comprehend and contrast traditional Balinese values with global humanitarian norms by examining their compliance with universal principles of humanity.
 
Theoretical reference: Drawing upon a normative qualitative approach, this study delves into Balinese legal systems, norms, and traditions, supplemented by interviews and literature review.
 
Method: Using a normative qualitative methodology, the study examines Balinese legal systems, norms, and traditions in addition to conducting interviews and reviewing relevant literature.
 
Results and Conclusion: The findings show that a number of traditional Balinese values are consistent with the universals of humanity. Balinese people appreciate each person's physical and mental integrity and place a strong emphasis on treating them with respect and assertiveness. Sexual integrity is protected by harshly denouncing deplorable behaviors such as rape and incest. Ensuring the safety of children requires access to education, community assistance, and parental care. Health facilities are preserved and humane treatment is ensured for the ill and injured via the provision of care and respect.
 
Implications of research: These results provide light on the rich humanitarian history of Balinese culture and offer guidance for upholding and advancing universal ideals in local communities.
 
Originality/value: This study underscores the importance of recognizing and honoring traditional values to foster peaceful and inclusive communities, support international human rights initiatives, and preserve cultural heritage.
The Impact of Stem Integration in Pancasila Character-Oriented Learning on the Professional Competence of Indonesian Elementary School Teacher Candidates
Authors: Atmojo Setyo Eko , Lukitoaji Beny Dwi , Anggriani Mitha Dwi
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This research aims to develop a model of STEM integration in Pancasila character-oriented learning.
 
Method: This type of research is research and development model which consists of ten steps, namely research and information collecting, planning, initial product development, preliminary field test, main product revision, main field test, operational product revision, operational field test, final product revision, and dissemination.
 
Results and conclusion: The model involves six stages of activity with ten phases or steps, known as the ten M's. The validity of the model was rated highly by experts (average 4.29) and potential users (average 4.22). This model has advantages and innovations in the integration between STEM and Pancasila characters, which are the characters and identity of the Indonesian nation. The trial results showed a significant increase in the achievement of professional competence, increasing from 50.24% to 88.57% with an n-gain test of 76.73%. These results confirm that the use of STEM in Pancasila character-oriented learning is effective in improving the competence of elementary school teachers in Indonesia.
 
Implications of the research: The STEM integration model in Pancasila character-oriented learning can form prospective elementary school teachers with character that has its own characteristics and good validity so that it can be used to shape the character of future teachers.
 
Originality/value: This model has advantages and innovations in the integration between STEM and the Pancasila character which is the character and identity of the Indonesian nation.
Decline in The Potential Distribution of Fern Species Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Silva Daiana Cardoso , Pires-Oliveira João Carlos , Athayde Filho Francisco de Paula , Silva Joaquim Manoel da
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The potential impact of climate change can lead to a reduction of up to 46% in the distribution of ferns within suitable habitats. In this study, we employed predictive models for species distribution to gain insights into the effects of climate change and edapotopographic factors on ferns, anticipating declines in forested environments particularly vulnerable.
 
Material and methods: The research focused on the Neotropical region, from Mexico to Patagonia, including the Caribbean islands, with an emphasis on four fern species. Nineteen climatic and nine edapotopographic variables were used to develop models for both current and future scenarios under different climate conditions. This highlighted the importance of identifying areas at risk to implement effective conservation measures.
 
Results and conclusion: The results illustrate the present distribution of species in the region, while projections for 2070 indicate substantial reductions in suitable habitats under various climate scenarios. The study validates the hypothesis of a decline in forested areas, emphasizing the susceptibility of ferns. Furthermore, it highlights a notable loss of suitability for specific species, such as Lygodium venustum, underscoring the significance of ferns in ecosystems. The uncertainty analysis points out the robustness of the findings, emphasizing the imperative for mitigating carbon emissions and implementing conservation strategies to address forthcoming challenges in biodiversity preservation amid environmental changes.