bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibrio cholerae Type VI Activity Alters Motility Behavior in Mucin
Authors: Frederick Abby , Huang Yuhsun , Pu Meng , Rowe-Magnus Dean A.
Published: September 2020

V. cholerae
deploys an arsenal of virulence factors as it attempts to traverse a protective mucus layer and reach the epithelial surface of the distal small intestine. The T6SS used to cull bacterial competition during infection is induced by mucus. We show that this activity may serve an additional purpose by further decreasing motility in the presence of mucin, thereby reducing the probability of speed-dependent, near-perpendicular directional changes. We posit that this encourages cells to maintain course rather than change direction, which may aid those attempting to reach and colonize the epithelial surface.
Production of Diverse Beauveriolide Analogs in Closely Related Fungi: a Rare Case of Fungal Chemodiversity
Authors: Yin Ying , Chen Bo , Song Shuangxiu , Li Bing , Yang Xiuqing , Wang Chengshu
Published: September 2020

Fungal chemotaxonomy is an approach to classify fungi based on the fungal production profile of metabolites, especially the secondary metabolites. We found an atypical example that could question the reliability of fungal chemical classifications in this study, i.e., the more closely related entomopathogenic species
Beauveria bassiana
and
Beauveria brongniartii
produced structurally different congeners of the cyclodepsipeptide beauveriolides, whereas the rather divergent species
B. brongniartii
and
Cordyceps militaris
biosynthesized similar analogs under the same growth condition. The conserved biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) containing four genes present in each species is responsible for beauveriolide production. In contrast to the compound formation profiles, the phylogenies of biosynthetic enzymes or enzymatic domains show associations with fungal speciation. Dependent on the insect species, production of beauveriolides may contribute to fungal virulence against the susceptible insect hosts. The findings in this study augment the diversity of fungal secondary metabolisms.
Complications associated with closure of the linea alba using a combination of interrupted vertical mattress and simple interrupted sutures in equine laparotomies
Authors: Salciccia Alexandra , de la Rebière de Pouyade Geoffroy , Gougnard Alexandra , Detilleux Johann , Caudron Isabelle , Verwilghen Denis , Serteyn Didier , Grulke Sigrid
Published: August 2020

Objectives

(1) Evaluate the occurrence and variables associated with incisional morbidities (IMs) after ventral median laparotomy when using interrupted vertical mattress sutures (IVMS) and (2) determine the occurrence of abdominal bandage‐associated complications in horses.

Methods

Occurrence of IM and bandage‐associated complications were determined after single laparotomies (SL group; n=546 horses) and repeat laparotomies (RL group: multiple laparotomies within four weeks; n=30 horses) in horses that survived ≥7 days postoperatively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate variables associated with IM.

Results

The IM rate was 9.52 per cent in the SL group and 33.33 per cent in the RL group. The actual infection rate was 5.31 per cent in the SL group and 26.67 per cent in the RL group. Overall, long‐term clinically relevant wound complications was 1.68 per cent. After multivariate analysis, increased anaesthesia duration was associated with IM and performing an enterotomy and postoperative intravenous lidocaine administration were associated with incisional infection in the SL group; no parameter remained significant in the RL group. Bandage‐related complications were recorded in 2.95 per cent of the cases.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the use of IVMS for closure of the linea alba is another viable option for closure and that an abdominal bandage does not appear to cause significant complications.
Centralized Resource Allocation Based on the Bargaining Approach
Authors: Fang Lei , Li Hecheng , Wang Zhongbin
Published: August 2020

In a centralized decision-making environment, the central unit supervises all the operating units’ production activities and focuses on achieving the overall goals of the entire organization from a global viewpoint by allocating available resources to them. However, all the current models about resource allocation under the centralized decision-making commonly exhibit the non-unique optimal solutions and neglect the competition and trade-off among all the DMUs to maximize the individual aggregated output of each DMU. This phenomenon makes the allocation result imbalanced and unacceptable to all the DMUs. To overcome this problem, this paper introduces Nash bargaining game theory to develop a new centralized resource allocation model which not only takes into account the overall goals of the organization from an overall perspective, but also considers competition and trade-off among all the DMUs. Finally, an empirical example is used to demonstrate the applicability of our proposed approach. The results show that our Nash bargaining game model not only guarantees the uniqueness of the optimal resource allocation results, but also improves the balance of the resource allocation result, which makes it acceptable to all the DMUs.
Anisotropic Diffusion Combined with Nonconvex Functional for Noise Image Segmentation
Authors: Han Ming , Wang Jing-Qin , Dong Qian , Wang Jing-Tao , Meng Jun-Ying
Published: August 2020

Aiming at the problems of low segmentation accuracy of noise image, poor noise immunity of the existing models and poor adaptability to complex noise environment, a noise image segmentation algorithm using anisotropic diffusion and nonconvex functional was proposed. First, focusing on the “staircase effect”, a nonconvex functional was introduced into the energy functional model for smooth denoising. Second, the validity and accuracy of the model were established by proving that there was no global minimum in the solution space of the nonconvex energy functional model; the improved model was then used to obtain a smooth and clear image edge while maintaining the edge integrity. Third, the smooth image obtained from the nonconvex energy functional model was combined with the level set model to obtain the anisotropic diffusion gray level set model. The optimal outline of the target was obtained by calculating the minimum value of the energy functional. Finally, an anisotropic diffusion equation with nonconvex energy functional model was built in this algorithm to segment noise image accurately and quickly. A series of comparative experiments on the proposed algorithm and similar algorithms were conducted. The results showed that the proposed algorithm had strong noise resistance and provided precise segmentation for noise image.
DNA Computing Model for Satisfiability Problem Based on Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Yin Zhixiang , Yang Jing , Zhang Qiang , Tang Zhen , Wang Guoqiang , Zheng Zhongtuan
Published: August 2020

Satisfiability problem is a famous nondeterministic polynomial-time complete (NP-complete) problem, which has always been a hotspot in artificial intelligence. In this paper, by combining the advantages of DNA origami with hybridization chain reaction, a computing model was proposed to solve the satisfiability problem. For each clause in the given formula, a DNA origami device was devised. The device corresponding to the clause was capable of searching for assignments that satisfied the clause. When all devices completed the search in parallel, the intersection of these satisfying assignments found must satisfy all the clauses. Therefore, whether the given formula is satisfiable or not was decided. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed computing model was feasible. Our work showed the capability of DNA origami in architecting automatic computing device. The paper proposed a novel method for designing functional nanoscale devices based on DNA origami.
Demonstrating the Effect of Using Goppa Coding with Hybrid Selective Mapping and Partial Transmit Sequence Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems
Authors: Pundir Vandana , Ahmad Anwar
Published: August 2020

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a multi-carrier modulation technique which provides numerous advantages like high spectral efficiency, minimal interference, low multipath fading, etc. But Peak-to-average Power Ratio is a severe challenge in using such multiplexing technique as it introduces distortions in nonlinear devices. Various Peak-to-average Power Ratio reduction techniques have been investigated in the literature to improve the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems. But, each of them suffers either from high complexity or degraded bit error rate or less spectral efficiency. For reducing Peak-to-average Power Ratio more effectively, a hybrid combination of Partial Transmit Sequence with Selective Mapping is detected to show better performance. In this paper, we have combined Goppa coding technique with this hybrid Selective Mapping and Partial Transmit Sequence for further improving the performance. Along with Peak-to-average Power Ratio reduction capability, the proposed technique also has inherent error control mechanism due to the use of coding. Based on the simulation results, we have concluded that the proposed technique provides good amount of Peak-to-average Power Ratio reduction than conventional techniques. The proposed technique is analyzed for different number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing symbol candidates for Selective Mapping and different number of block divisions for Partial Transmit Sequence. Further, this technique is simulated for different number of subcarriers and modulation order and the simulation results are compared with each other. The proposed technique also shows better Bit error rate values for high Signal-to-Noise ratio.
Secure Sharing of IOT Data in Cloud Environment Using Attribute-Based Encryption
Authors: Kanimozhi P. , Victoire T. Aruldoss Albert
Published: August 2020

Storage of data security has emerged as a basic necessity for both large- and small-scale industries. Cloud computing is internet-based computing technology in which people can work with their application with a high level of security in Internet of Things (IoT) enhanced devices. Cloud computing also provides privilege to store data that are collected from the devices in server side. Confidentiality and integrity of data play a major issue in cloud computing while preserving the IoT data. In this paper, the security of data is achieved by performing clustering and further applying cryptographic technique to the clustered data gathered from the devices that connected to the internet. Security of data can be improved by using a prominent cryptographic technique Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). Initially, the documents are clustered using the EM algorithm and clustered results are stored in various parts of the cloud. These documents are secured and can be accessed by the user who satisfies the attributes. In some cases, if the users’ attributes are not satisfied with the documents, it cannot be accessed by the corresponding user. Thus, the data from various devices are encrypted and maintained by the owner securely.
Invasion waves for a diffusive predator–prey model with two preys and one predator
Authors: Ren Xinzhi , Zhang Tianran , Liu Xianning
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the existence of invasion waves of a diffusive predator–prey model with two preys and one predator. The existence of traveling semi-fronts connecting invasion-free equilibrium with wave speed [Formula: see text] is obtained by Schauder’s fixed-point theorem, where [Formula: see text] is the minimal wave speed. The boundedness of such waves is shown by rescaling method and such waves are proved to connect coexistence equilibrium by LaSalle’s invariance principle. The existence of traveling front with wave speed [Formula: see text] is got by rescaling method and limit arguments. The non-existence of traveling fronts with speed [Formula: see text] is shown by Laplace transform.
A mathematical analysis of a tuberculosis epidemic model with two treatments and exogenous re-infection
Authors: Lotfi Mehdi , Jabbari Azizeh , Kheiri Hossein
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model of tuberculosis with two treatments and exogenous re-infection, in which the treatment is effective for a number of infectious individuals and it fails for some other infectious individuals who are being treated. We show that the model exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with a stable endemic equilibria when the related basic reproduction number is less than unity. Also, it is shown that under certain conditions the model cannot exhibit backward bifurcation. Furthermore, it is shown in the absence of re-infection, the backward bifurcation phenomenon does not exist, in which the disease-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. The global asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium, when the associated reproduction number is greater than unity, is established using the geometric approach. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our main results.
DP-coloring on planar graphs without given adjacent short cycles
Authors: Huang Danjun , Qi Jingran
Published: August 2020

DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) introduced by Dvor̆ák and Postle (2015) is a generalization of list coloring. In 2019, Chen et al. showed that planar graphs without [Formula: see text]-cycles adjacent to [Formula: see text]-cycles are DP-[Formula: see text]-colorable for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we will prove that planar graphs without [Formula: see text]-cycles adjacent simultaneously to [Formula: see text]-cycles and [Formula: see text]-cycles are DP-[Formula: see text]-colorable, which is an extension of the above result.
Modeling the temperature shock of elastic elements using a one-dimensional model of thermal conductivity
Authors: Belousova D. A. , Serdakova V. V.
Published: August 2020

This paper considers the task of evaluating micro-accelerations arising due to the temperature shock of large elastic elements when a small spacecraft leaves the Earth’s shadow. In this case, a one-dimensional model of thermal conductivity is used. Its solution was obtained by the method of direct approximation with the construction of difference schemes. It is shown that the accuracy of estimating micro-accelerations is commensurate with the accuracy of solving by a three-dimensional model of thermal conductivity. The proposed model allows reducing the time to obtain estimates and significantly simplifies the task at hand. The results of the work can be used in the formation of the dynamic characteristics of a small spacecraft for technological purposes.
Dielectric study of three homologous Schiff base ferroelectric liquid crystals with the variations of temperature and frequency
Authors: Vijayshree Patil N. , Veerabhadraswamy B. N. , Chakraborty Susanta , Khened S. M. , Mathad R. D. , Yelamaggad C. V.
Published: August 2020

In this investigation, the dielectric behaviors of three ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) belonging to a homologous series have been revealed in the frequency range of 10 Hz–10 MHz. FLCs used in this study are three-ring calamitic LCs, namely ([Formula: see text])-4-(((4-(octan-2-yloxy)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenyl 4-([Formula: see text]-octyloxy)benzoate, ([Formula: see text])-4-(((4-(octan-2-yloxy)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenyl 4-([Formula: see text]-decyloxy)benzoate and ([Formula: see text])-4-(((4-(octan-2-yloxy)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenyl 4-([Formula: see text]-undecyloxy)benzoate. The polarizing optical microscopic and differential scanning calorimetric results confirm that these compounds, synthesized as per the known synthetic steps, show not only a ferroelectrically switchable chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase over a wide thermal range, but also other mesophases such as blue phase-I/II (BP-I/II), chiral nematic (N*) and unknown smectic (SmX) phases. Several essential dielectric parameters of the FLC phase have been measured at different temperatures. The relative permittivity has been measured with the variations of temperature and frequency. Besides, the dielectric loss and tan [Formula: see text] have been measured. Different dielectric relaxations have been calculated and explained at the molecular level. The systematic measurements revealed a strong anomaly, and crossover of relative permittivity values for the FLCs has been determined at selective frequencies between 1 kHz and 20 kHz. Strong dielectric anomaly/fall for the response function infers the involvement of collective response of dipolar assembly confined to ferroelectric Weiss domains.
Application of a polymer nanocomposite with carbon filler to limit overvoltages in a photovoltaic element
Authors: Ivanchenko A. V. , Tonkoshkur A. S.
Published: August 2020

The ability of a structure in the form of a photovoltaic element with a built-in posistor layer based on a polymer nanocomposite with carbon filler being in direct thermal contact to protect against overvoltages was studied experimentally and by simulation. It was shown that the current and voltage on the reverse-biased [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] junction of the photovoltaic layer are limited and decrease from the moment when the temperature of this structure reaches values close to the tripping temperature of the posistor nanocomposite to the low-conductivity state. The temperature of the photovoltaic layer has a value close to the tripping temperature of the posistor layer, which is equal to [Formula: see text]C. The possibility of realizing protection against reverse electrical overvoltages and thermal breakdown of photovoltaic systems based on photovoltaic elements with built-in layers of posistor polymer nanocomposites with carbon fillers was established.
Three Things to Consider Before You Kick Off Synchronous Office Hours in Online Classes
Authors: Pritts Nathan
Published: August 2020

Running synchronous online office hours in a predominantly asynchronous classroom environment presents challenges to the learner as well as to the instructor. Establishing a process, and planning to overcome barriers from both sides, can be broken into a three-step process, which should help teachers, and students operationalize this powerful strategy.
A Japanese Patient with Genitopatellar Syndrome Transiently Presenting with Cardiac Intramural Cavity during the Neonatal Period
Authors: Takahashi Kiichi , Adachi Hiroyuki , Toyono Manatomo , Ito Masato , Kato Akie , Noguchi Atsuko , Takahashi Tsutomu
Published: August 2020

Genitopatellar syndrome (GPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by de novo pathogenic variants in the KAT6B gene. It is characterized by genital abnormalities, patellar hypoplasia/agenesis, flexion contractures of the hips and knees, corpus callosum agenesis with microcephaly, and hydronephrosis and/or multiple renal cysts. More than half of patients with GPS have congenital heart defects, mostly atrial and/or ventricular septal defects, patent foramen ovale, and patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of a Japanese neonate with a de novo heterozygous c.3769_3772delTCTA pathogenic variant in the KAT6B gene who presented with a cardiac intramural cavity of the ventricular septum at birth. The cavity unexpectedly disappeared at 1 month of age, but trabecular septal thinning and flash remained. The features of the cavity were not consistent with those of congenital ventricular diverticulum or aneurysm, and its identity and prognosis are still unclear. Because patients with GPS may exhibit various forms of cardiac malformation, careful cardiac examination and follow-up are required from birth in cases of suspected GPS.
Optimization of Aircraft Climb Trajectory considering Environmental Impact under RTA Constraints
Authors: Wan Junqiang , Zhang Honghai , Liu Fangzi , Lv Wenying , Zhao Yifei
Published: August 2020

In order to realize the concept of air traffic sustainable operation, taking the aircraft climbing stage as an example, firstly, we establish the vertical trajectory model of aircraft climbing, analyze the change rule of aircraft performance parameters under different indicated airspeed, and establish the RTA and RHA constraint models according to the waypoint constraints. Then, considering the fuel economy and the greenhouse effect of pollutant emission, we establish a multiobjective model of aircraft flight parameter optimization, and, based on the multiobjective genetic algorithm, we establish an optimization model. Finally, we use B737-800 aircraft to carry out simulation experiments and find that, with the change of speed, fuel consumption and warming trend are different, and “objective weight, aircraft mass, flight distance, RTA time window, and wind” have different effects on the optimization results. The results show that this optimization method has a good compromise between fuel consumption and greenhouse effect by changing the weighting factor. By optimizing the flight parameters of the aircraft, it can effectively reduce the impact on the environment and provide theoretical support for the green flight of the aircraft.
Preparation of Encapsulated Resveratrol Liposome Thermosensitive Gel and Evaluation of Its Capability to Repair Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Yao Hui , Lu Hao , Zou Rong , Chen Xiwen , Xu Hanlin
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to prepare a liposomal temperature-sensitive gel able to slowly release resveratrol after local intramuscular injection. The best formulation of resveratrol liposomes was based on the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug loading designed by Box-Behnken. The prepared liposomes were approximately circular, with a mean particle diameter of 161.5±0.12 nm and zeta potential of -6.9 mV. The optimized liposomes were dispersed in a polymer gel (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) for preparation of an in situ-formed gel at 35±2°C. In vitro release of the prepared liposome temperature-sensitive gel was studied and compared with ordinary drug-releasing gels, revealing a significantly longer drug release time. Finally, a rat sciatic nerve injury model was used to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the liposome temperature-sensitive gels for the repair of damaged nerves. The results indicate that the gel was able to promote recovery of damaged nerves.
Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Ethiopia: Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 (EDHS 2016)
Authors: Woldegebriel Ataklti Gebretsadik , Desta Abraham Aregay , Gebreegziabiher Gebremedhin , Berhe Asfawosen Aregay , Ajemu Kiros Fenta , Woldearegay Tewolde Wubayehu
Published: August 2020

Background. Dietary diversity is one of the key elements of diet quality. Even though different measures were taken to increase dietary diversity feeding practice in Ethiopia, the problem still remains high. Therefore, this study was done to identify determinants of inadequate minimum dietary practice among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia. Method. Secondary analysis of the data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was done on a weighted sample of 5161 children aged 6-59 months. Data analysis was done using STATA v.14. Variables with P value < 0.05 in the bivariable analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis to identify independent determinants of dietary diversity. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. A total of 5161 children aged 6 to 59 months were enrolled in the study. Only 8.5% of the children had the recommended minimum dietary diversity. Mother’s education (adjusted odds ratio AOR=2.51 (1.65, 3.83)), mothers currently working (adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.83 (1.47, 2.29)), mother’s wealth index (adjusted odds ratio AOR=4.75 (3.31, 6.81)), age of a child (adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.72 (1.24, 2.39)), and number of under-five children (adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.49 (1.12, 2.00)) were significantly associated with the minimum dietary diversity. Conclusion. The minimum dietary diversity was not achieved by most children 6-59 months of age in Ethiopia. Ensuring large-scale interventions that focus on the identified factors should be considered by concerned bodies to improve the dietary diversity practice.
Current Prediction-Based Three-Vector Voltage Optimization System for the Induction Motor with Current Static Error Correction
Authors: Haixia Li , Jican Lin
Published: August 2020

In the present study, the current control method of the model predictive control is applied to the field-oriented control induction motor. The augmentation model of the motor is initially established based on the stator current equation, which performs the current predictive control and formulates the new cost function by means of tracking error. Then, the influence of parameter error on the current control stability in the prediction model is analysed, and the current static error is corrected according to the correlation between the input and feedback. Finally, a simple and effective three-vector control strategy is proposed. Moreover, three adjacent basic voltage vectors are utilized, and then six candidate voltage vectors are synthesized in each sector to replace eight basic voltage vectors in the conventional model predictive control (MPC). The obtained results show that synthesized vectors, which have arbitrary amplitude and direction, significantly expand the coverage of the system’s control set, reduce the torque and flux pulsation in the conventional MPC, and improve the steady-state performance of the system. Finally, the dSPACE platform is employed to validate the performed experiment. It is concluded that the proposed method can reduce the torque and flux pulse, perform the induction motor current control, and improve the steady-state performance of the system.
A Mean-Variance Portfolio Selection Model with Interval-Valued Possibility Measures
Authors: Sui Yunyun , Hu Jiangshan , Ma Fang
Published: August 2020

In recent years, fuzzy set theory and possibility theory have been widely used to deal with an uncertain decision environment characterized by vagueness and ambiguity in the financial market. Considering that the expected return rate of investors may not be a fixed real number but can be an interval number, this paper establishes an interval-valued possibilistic mean-variance portfolio selection model. In this model, the return rate of assets is regarded as a fuzzy number, and the expected return rate of assets is measured by the interval-valued possibilistic mean of fuzzy numbers. Therefore, the possibilistic portfolio selection model is transformed into an interval-valued optimization model. The optimal solution of the model is obtained by using the order relations of interval numbers. Finally, a numerical example is given. Through the numerical example, it is shown that, when compared with the traditional possibilistic model, the proposed model has more constraints and can better reflect investor psychology. It is an extension of the traditional possibilistic model and offers greater flexibility in reflecting investor expectations.
Occupational Therapy in Haiti: A Pilot Study to Identify Intervention Methods Used during Short-Term Medical Missions
Authors: Schlegel Sheelagh M. , Mathieson Kathleen
Published: August 2020

Due to the shortage of occupational therapists (OTs) in Haiti and over 800,000 individuals with disabilities, most occupational therapy assessments and interventions are provided by OTs on short-term medical missions (STMMs). Learning which methods OT use to provide assessments and interventions during these STMMs is the first step to understanding how to facilitate follow-up and carry-over for clients and ensure longevity for STMMs in Haiti. This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive design to gather data on methods used by OTs. Thirty-three OTs, who travelled to Haiti on STMMs, completed a 16-question, online survey. The most common method provided by OTs was education to patients, caregivers, and local providers. Training of Haitian rehabilitation technicians was also prevalent. There was an association between the years of the OTs’ clinical experience and the effort of OTs to train local providers, but this result was not statistically significant. Further research should be implemented on specific methods that can be used in the absence or shortage of Haitian OTs to ensure follow-up for Haitian clients. The sharing of data regarding OT methods on STMMs will promote evidence-based, client-centered, and cost-effective therapy to enhance effective client outcomes.
Evaluating the Physical and Rheological Properties of Rejuvenated Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene‐Modified Asphalt Binders
Authors: Chen Xiaobing , Wang Juntian , Zhang Xiaorui , Liu Han , Tong Jinhu , Zhao Ronglong
Published: August 2020

To evaluate the physical and rheological properties of rejuvenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene‐modified asphalt (SBSMA) binders designed for rapid in‐place pavement recycling, an aged SBSMA binder was rejuvenated with three rejuvenators (i.e., Types I, II, and III) in different dosages. The physical properties of rejuvenated SBSMA were obtained to determine the optimal type and dosage of rejuvenators for the first and second rejuvenation. Performance grade (PG) tests, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to measure the rheological properties using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The results exhibited that the rejuvenators could soften the multiple aged binder and enhance its high‐ and low‐temperature performance. The rejuvenation effect of rejuvenator Type I with the optimal dosage of 6∼8% was the most appropriate for the first rejuvenation. The optimal dosage of the second rejuvenation was 10∼12%. The addition of rejuvenators decreased the rutting factor (G∗/sin δ), creep stiffness (S), delta Tc (ΔTc) parameter, recovery response (R), and yield stress of rejuvenated SBSMA. On the other hand, an increase in the rate of relaxation (m-value), nonrecoverable creep compliance (Jnr), and yield strain of rejuvenated SBSMA was recorded. Overall, the study findings indicated an improvement in the elastic properties of rejuvenated SBSMA, which contributes to improving the rutting, thermal, and fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt binder and ultimately the response of asphalt pavements.
Anion Gap Was Associated with Inhospital Mortality and Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Care Unit Patients
Authors: Sun Tienan , Cai Chenghui , Shen Hua , Yang Jiaqi , Guo Qianyun , Zhang Jingrui , Zhang Biyang , Ding Yaodong , Zhou Yujie
Published: August 2020

Background. Anion gap (AG) has been proved to be associated with prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed at exploring the association of AG with inhospital all‐cause mortality and adverse clinical outcomes in coronary care unit (CCU) patients. Method. All data of this study was extracted from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III, version 1.4) database. All patients were divided into four groups according to AG quartiles. Primary outcome was inhospital all‐cause mortality. Lowess smoothing curve was drawn to describe the overall trend of inhospital mortality. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent effect of AG on inhospital mortality. Result. A total of 3593 patients were enrolled in this study. In unadjusted model, as AG quartiles increased, inhospital mortality increased significantly, OR increased stepwise from quartile 2 (OR, 95% CI: 1.01, 0.74‐1.38, P = 0.958) to quartile 4 (OR, 95% CI: 2.72, 2.08‐3.55, P < 0.001). After adjusting for possible confounding variables, this association was attenuated, but still remained statistically significant (quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: OR, 95% CI: 1.02, 0.72‐1.45 vs. 1.49, 1.07‐2.09, P = 0.019). Moreover, CCU mortality (P < 0.001) and rate of acute kidney injury (P < 0.001) were proved to be higher in the highest AG quartiles. Length of CCU (P < 0.001) and hospital stay (P < 0.001) prolonged significantly in higher AG quartiles. Maximum sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) (P < 0.001) and simplified acute physiology score II (SAPSII) (P < 0.001) increased significantly as AG quartiles increased. Moderate predictive ability of AG on inhospital (AUC: 0.6291), CCU mortality (AUC: 0.6355), and acute kidney injury (AUC: 0.6096) was confirmed. The interactions were proved to be significant in hypercholesterolemia, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, respiratory failure, oral anticoagulants, Beta‐blocks, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and vasopressin treatment subgroups. Conclusion. AG was an independent risk factor of inhospital all‐cause mortality and was associated with adverse clinical outcomes in CCU patients.
Complex Dynamical Behaviors of a Mixed Duopoly Game Based on Intellectual Property Rights Protection
Authors: Chu Tong , Yu Yu , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: August 2020

Based on the oligopoly game theory and the intellectual property rights protection policy, we investigate the complex dynamical behaviors of a mixed duopoly game with quadratic cost. In the new system, a few parameters are improved by considering intellectual property rights protection and the stability conditions of the Nash equilibrium point are discussed in detail. A set of the two-dimensional bifurcation diagrams is demonstrated by using numerical modeling, and these diagrams show abundant complex dynamical behaviors, such as coexistence of attractors, different bifurcation, and fractal structures. These dynamical properties can present the long-run effects of strengthening intellectual property protection.
YQFM Alleviates Side Effects Caused by Dasatinib through the ROCK/MLC Pathway in Mice
Authors: Liu Yuankai , Dai Yujie , Xu Han , Zhou Qianliu , Li Fang , Yu Boyang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Kou Junping
Published: August 2020

Dasatinib, as a second‐generation broad‐spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, presents an antitumor effect by inhibiting tyrosine kinases. However, dasatinib causes serious side effects, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and liver toxicity, possibly through the activation of ROCK kinase and MLC phosphorylation. At present, there is no effective prevention and treatment method. Previous research studies have shown that YQFM (YiQiFuMai powder injection) protects the blood‐brain barrier by inhibiting the ROCK/MLC signaling pathway; whether YQFM can alleviate the side effects of dasatinib is unknown. In this study, dasatinib was injected (i.p. 70 mg/kg) and YQFM (i.p. 0.336 g/kg, 0.672 g/kg, 1.342 g/kg) was given in advance for 3 days to mice, to explore the effect of YQFM on side effects induced by Dasatinib. The results confirmed that YQFM significantly decreased Evans blue leakage in the small intestine and increased intestinal blood flow, increased the expression of ZO‐1, Occludin, and VE‐cadherin, and reduced the contents of D‐lactic acid, s‐VE‐cadherin, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum. Finally, YQFM inhibited the expression of ROCK‐1 and phosphorylation of MLC induced by Dasatinib. These findings suggested that YQFM could improve the side effects caused by Dasatinib linked with the ROCK/MLC signaling pathway, as shown in the graphical abstract.
LeishmaniaITS1 Is Genetically Divergent in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis: Results of a Study in Southern Iran
Authors: Rezaei Zahra , Azarang Eqlima , Shahabi Saeed , Omidian Mostafa , Pourabbas Bahman , Sarkari Bahador
Published: August 2020

It has been documented that the genotypic traits in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) may be different. The current study aimed to find out and compare the genotype and intraspecies diversity ofLeishmaniaInternal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) from asymptomatic and symptomatic VL cases in southern Iran.Methods. Buffy coat samples from seven VL patients, with clinical signs and symptoms, and seven asymptomatic VL cases, were evaluated in this study. Samples of asymptomatic individuals were obtained from children living in a VL endemic area in southern Iran, while the samples of symptomatic subjects were obtained from patients admitted to hospitals with a diagnosis of VL. DNA was extracted from the buffy coats of the samples and PCR-amplified, targeting the ITS1ofLeishmania. The PCR products were sequenced, and the consensus sequences were assembled and multiple-aligned with a set ofLeishmaniastrains retrieved from the GenBank, using Clustal W. The phylogenetic tree was rooted, using MEGAX software, and the diversities based on haplotype and nucleotides, as well as the number of polymorphic sites, were measured using DnaSP v5.0 software. The results of ITS1 sequencing in 5 out of 7 asymptomatic VL cases showed 99.25% to 100% similarity with theLeishmania infantumITS1 sequence (accessed number: MN648746), and one isolate was considered as justLeishmaniasp. In one sample, 99.75% similarity was seen with the ITS1 sequence ofCrithidia fasciculata. Of the symptomatic VL patients, the PCR product revealed a 340 bp band corresponding toL. infantumin all of the samples. By analyzing the ITS1 sequences, all seven sequences formed a clade somewhat different from otherLeishmaniaspecies and considered asLeishmaniasp. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were much more prevalent in symptomatic cases where six haplotypes were seen in the ITS1 ofLeishmaniafrom symptomatic patients and only two haplotypes were observed in the samples from asymptomatic cases. The findings of the current study showed that theLeishmaniaITS1 from symptomatic VL and asymptomatic cases has significant genetic differences. Besides, infection withCrithidia fasciculatawas reported, for the first time, in an asymptomatic case, which deserves further study.
Meteorological Drivers of European Power System Stress
Authors: Bloomfield H. C. , Suitters C. C. , Drew D. R.
Published: August 2020

A rapid decarbonisation of power systems is underway in order to limit greenhouse gas emissions and meet carbon-reduction targets. Renewable energy is a key ingredient to meet these targets; however, it is important that national power systems still maintain energy security with increasing levels of renewable penetration. The operating potential of renewable generation at times of peak demand (a critical time for power system stress) is not well understood. This study therefore uses a multidecadal dataset of national demand, wind power, and solar power generation to identify the meteorological conditions when peak demand occurs and the contribution of renewables during these events. Wintertime European peak power demand events are associated with high atmospheric pressure over Russia and Scandinavia and are accompanied by lower than average air temperatures and average wind speeds across Europe. When considering power demand extremes net of renewable power production, the associated meteorological conditions are shown to change. There is considerable spatial variability in the dates of national peak demand events and the amount of renewable generation present. Growth in renewable generation has the potential to reduce peak demands. However, these impacts are also not uniform with much larger reductions in peak demand seen in Spain than in central Europe. The reanalysis-derived energy models have allowed recent peak demand events to be put into a long-term context.
A Unified Bayesian Model for Generalized Community Detection in Attribute Networks
Authors: Tian Qiang , Wang Wenjun , Xie Yingjie , Wu Huaming , Jiao Pengfei , Pan Lin
Published: August 2020

Identification of community structures and the underlying semantic characteristics of communities are essential tasks in complex network analysis. However, most methods proposed so far are typically only applicable to assortative community structures, that is, more links within communities and fewer links between different communities, which ignore the rich diversity of community regularities in real networks. In addition, the node attributes that provide rich semantics information of communities and networks can facilitate in-depth community detection of structural information. In this paper, we propose a novel unified Bayesian generative model to detect generalized communities and provide semantic descriptions simultaneously by combining network topology and node attributes. The proposed model is composed of two closely correlated parts by a transition matrix; we first apply the concept of a mixture model to describe network regularities and then adjust the classic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model to identify community semantically. Thus, the model can detect broad types of network structure regularities, including assortative structures, disassortative structures, and mixture structures and provide multiple semantic descriptions for the communities. To optimize the objective function of the model, we use an effective Gibbs sampling algorithm. Experiments on a number of synthetic and real networks show that our model has superior performance compared with some baselines on community detection.
Multiobject Detection Algorithm Based on Adaptive Default Box Mechanism
Authors: Li Jinling , Hou Qingshan , Xing Jinsheng
Published: August 2020

Multiobject detection tasks in complex scenes have become an important research topic, which is the basis of other computer vision tasks. Considering the defects of the traditional single shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm, such as poor small object detection effect, reliance on manual setting for default box generation, and insufficient semantic information of the low detection layer, the detection effect in complex scenes was not ideal. Aiming at the shortcomings of the SSD algorithm, an improved algorithm based on the adaptive default box mechanism (ADB) is proposed. The algorithm introduces the adaptive default box mechanism, which can improve the imbalance of positive and negative samples and avoid manually set default box super parameters. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional SSD algorithm, the improved algorithm has a better detection effect and higher accuracy in complex scenes.
Enhanced Magnetic Wireless Sensor Network Algorithm for Traffic Flow Monitoring in Low-Speed Congested Traffic
Authors: Fimbombaya Haji Said , Mvungi Nerey H. , Hamisi Ndyetabura Y. , Iddi Hashimu U.
Published: August 2020

Traffic flow monitoring using magnetic wireless sensor networks in chaotic cities of developing countries represents an emergent technology. One of the challenges facing such deployment is the development of effective detection signal-processing algorithm in low-speed congested traffic based on the Earth’s magnetic fields. The proposed algorithm is the performance improvement of the previous algorithm known as the Scanning and Decision Algorithm (SDA). The novel algorithm based on the moving-average model includes an addition of a two-pass moving-average filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio after analog-to-digital conversion. The improved mathematical capabilities enable us to capture additional features of vehicular direction and classification. Other outputs of the model include vehicular detection, count, speed, and travel time index (TTI). The performance evaluation of a proposed algorithm is conducted through on-site real-time experiments at the designated road segment. The results indicated that the roadside magnetic sensor improved vehicular detection, count, travel time index, and classification during low-speed congested traffic state.
The Latest View on the Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Its Research Progress in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Chen Yixin , Liu Suixin , Li Jianjun , Li Zhe , Quan Jing , Liu Xinzhou , Tang Yinbo , Liu Bin
Published: August 2020

Ferroptosis is a recently identified nonapoptotic form of cell death whose major markers are iron dependence and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species, accompanied by morphological changes such as shrunken mitochondria and increased membrane density. It appears to contribute to the death of tumors, ischemia-reperfusion, acute renal failure, and nervous system diseases, among others. The generative mechanism of ferroptosis includes iron overloading, lipid peroxidation, and downstream execution, while the regulatory mechanism involves the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway, as well as the mevalonate pathway and the transsulfuration pathway. In-depth research has continuously developed and enriched knowledge on the mechanism by which ferroptosis occurs. In recent years, reports of the noninterchangeable role played by selenium in glutathione peroxidase 4 and its function in suppressing ferroptosis and the discovery of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, identified as a ferroptosis resistance factor parallel to the glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway, have expanded and deepened our understanding of the mechanism by which ferroptosis works. Ferroptosis has been reported in spinal cord injury animal model experiments, and the inhibition of ferroptosis could promote the recovery of neurological function. Here, we review the latest studies on mechanism by which ferroptosis occurs, focusing on the ferroptosis execution and the contents related to selenium and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1. In addition, we summarize the current research status of ferroptosis in spinal cord injury. The aim of this review is to better understand the mechanisms by which ferroptosis occurs and its role in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury, so as to provide a new idea and frame of reference for further exploration.
Modeling and Analysis of Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of Torsional Vibration for Automotive Powertrain
Authors: Xu Jinli , Zhu Jiwei , Xia Feifan
Published: August 2020

In the present paper, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of torsional vibration are discussed theoretically and experimentally for automotive powertrain. A bending-torsional-lateral-rocking coupled dynamic model with time-dependent mesh stiffness, backlash, transmission error etc. is proposed by the lumped-mass method to analysis the amplitude-frequency characteristic of torsional vibration for practical purposes, and equations of motive are derived. The Runge–Kutta method is employed to conduct a sweep frequency response analysis numerically. Furthermore, a torsional experiment is performed and validates the feasibility of the theoretical model. As a result, some torsional characteristics of automotive powertrain are obtained. The first three-order nature torsional frequencies are predicted. Torsional behaviors only affect the vibration characteristics of a complete vehicle at low-speed condition and will be reinforced expectedly while increasing torque fluctuation. Gear mesh excitations have little effects on torsional responses for such components located before mesh point but a lot for ones behind it. In particular, it is noted that the torsional system has a stiffness-softening characteristic with respect to torque fluctuation.