bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of microtopographic snow redistribution and lateral subsurface processes on hydrologic and thermal states in an Arctic polygonal ground ecosystem: a case study using ELM-3D v1.0
Authors: Bisht Gautam , Riley William J. , Wainwright Haruko M. , Dafflon Baptiste , Yuan Fengming , Romanovsky Vladimir E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Microtopographic features, such as polygonal ground, are characteristic
sources of landscape heterogeneity in the Alaskan Arctic coastal plain. Here,
we analyze the effects of snow redistribution (SR) and lateral subsurface
processes on hydrologic and thermal states at a polygonal tundra site near
Barrow, Alaska. We extended the land model integrated in the E3SM to
redistribute incoming snow by accounting for microtopography and incorporated
subsurface lateral transport of water and energy (ELM-3D v1.0). Multiple
10-year-long simulations were performed for a transect across a polygonal
tundra landscape at the Barrow Environmental Observatory in Alaska to isolate
the impact of SR and subsurface process representation. When SR was included,
model predictions better agreed (higher R2, lower bias and RMSE) with
observed differences in snow depth between polygonal rims and centers. The
model was also able to accurately reproduce observed soil temperature
vertical profiles in the polygon rims and centers (overall bias, RMSE, and
R2 of 0.59 ∘C, 1.82 ∘C, and 0.99, respectively). The
spatial heterogeneity of snow depth during the winter due to SR generated
surface soil temperature heterogeneity that propagated in depth and time and
led to ∼ 10 cm shallower and ∼ 5 cm deeper maximum annual thaw
depths under the polygon rims and centers, respectively. Additionally, SR led
to spatial heterogeneity in surface energy fluxes and soil moisture during
the summer. Excluding lateral subsurface hydrologic and thermal processes led
to small effects on mean states but an overestimation of spatial variability
in soil moisture and soil temperature as subsurface liquid pressure and
thermal gradients were artificially prevented from spatially dissipating over
time. The effect of lateral subsurface processes on maximum thaw depths was
modest, with mean absolute differences of ∼ 3 cm. Our integration of
three-dimensional subsurface hydrologic and thermal subsurface dynamics in
the E3SM land model will facilitate a wide range of analyses heretofore
impossible in an ESM context.
Pairing FLUXNET sites to validate model representations of land-use/land-cover change
Authors: Chen Liang , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Guo Zhichang , Schultz Natalie M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Land surface energy and water fluxes play an important role in
land–atmosphere interactions, especially for the climatic feedback effects
driven by land-use/land-cover change (LULCC). These have long been documented
in model-based studies, but the performance of land surface models in
representing LULCC-induced responses has not been investigated well. In this
study, measurements from proximate paired (open versus forest) flux tower
sites are used to represent observed deforestation-induced changes in surface
fluxes, which are compared with simulations from the Community Land Model
(CLM) and the Noah Multi-Parameterization (Noah-MP) land model. Point-scale
simulations suggest the CLM can represent the observed diurnal and seasonal
changes in net radiation (Rnet) and ground heat flux (G), but
difficulties remain in the energy partitioning between latent (LE) and
sensible (H) heat flux. The CLM does not capture the observed decreased
daytime LE, and overestimates the increased H during summer. These
deficiencies are mainly associated with models' greater biases over forest
land-cover types and the parameterization of soil evaporation. Global gridded
simulations with the CLM show uncertainties in the estimation of LE and H
at the grid level for regional and global simulations. Noah-MP exhibits a
similar ability to simulate the surface flux changes, but with larger biases
in H, G, and Rnet change during late winter and early spring,
which are related to a deficiency in estimating albedo. Differences in
meteorological conditions between paired sites is not a factor in these
results. Attention needs to be devoted to improving the representation of
surface heat flux processes in land models to increase confidence in LULCC
simulations.
Influence of temperature fluctuations on equilibrium ice sheet volume
Authors: Mikkelsen Troels Bøgeholm , Grinsted Aslak , Ditlevsen Peter
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Forecasting the future sea level relies on accurate modeling of the response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to changing temperatures. The surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has a nonlinear response to warming. Cold and warm anomalies of equal size do not cancel out and it is therefore important to consider the effect of interannual fluctuations in temperature. We find that the steady-state volume of an ice sheet is biased toward larger size if interannual temperature fluctuations are not taken into account in numerical modeling of the ice sheet. We illustrate this in a simple ice sheet model and find that the equilibrium ice volume is approximately 1 m SLE (meters sea level equivalent) smaller when the simple model is forced with fluctuating temperatures as opposed to a stable climate. It is therefore important to consider the effect of interannual temperature fluctuations when designing long experiments such as paleo-spin-ups. We show how the magnitude of the potential bias can be quantified statistically. For recent simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet, we estimate the bias to be 30 Gt yr−1 (24–59 Gt yr−1, 95 % credibility) for a warming of 3 °C above preindustrial values, or 13 % (10–25, 95 % credibility) of the present-day rate of ice loss. Models of the Greenland Ice Sheet show a collapse threshold beyond which the ice sheet becomes unsustainable. The proximity of the threshold will be underestimated if temperature fluctuations are not taken into account. We estimate the bias to be 0.12 °C (0.10–0.18 °C, 95 % credibility) for a recent estimate of the threshold. In light of our findings it is important to gauge the extent to which this increased variability will influence the mass balance of the ice sheets.
Alegoria, Simbolismos e Terceiro Sentido entre os Mecanismos de Representação da Realidade na minissérie Suburbia
Authors: Coca Adriana Pierre , De Almeida Guilherme Fumeo , Dos Santos Alexandre Tadeu
Published: January 2018

O texto reflete sobre os mecanismos de representação da realidade na minissérie Suburbia (TV Globo, 2012). Para tanto, recorre-se aos níveis de sentido de Barthes (2009), para analisar questões relacionadas à fruição, mise-en-scène e intensidade, bem como problematizar a representação fantasiosa da realidade de Suburbia, a partir dos escrutínios de Pucci Jr. (2013) e Soares (2013) sobre a minissérie. É possível identificar uma busca por inserir as personagens na época e no local de ação da trama, a presença de um simbolismo que remete ao léxico do telespectador e a manifestação de momentos de fruição. Também nota-se a presença de traços fantasiosos, melodramáticos e exacerbados nesta representação alegórica e socialmente crítica do Rio de Janeiro suburbano de início dos anos 1990, com uma potência que vai além de um modelo naturalista de diálogo com o real.
Fatores de risco biológicos e ambientais de crianças expostas ou não à poluição tabágica ambiental
Authors: Ferreira Alice Stenzel de Pina , Carvalho Fabiane Alves de , Formiga Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto , Viana Fabiana Pavan
Published: January 2018

Objetivou-se investigar os fatores de riscos biológicos e ambientais de crianças expostas ou não à poluição tabágica ambiental (PTA). Estudo transversal, realizado com 670 crianças, de ambos os sexos, de oito a 12 anos em escolas de Anápolis (GO), com análise de questionário adaptado direcionado aos pais/responsáveis. Os pais do grupo de crianças não expostas à PTA (NEPTA) apresentaram maior escolaridade. O grupo de crianças expostas à PTA (EPTA) teve maior histórico de doença respiratória. O EPTA reside com um tabagista, comumente o pai, que fumam até 20 cigarros diários. O EPTA morava em residências com menos janelas, menor circulação de ar e maior registro de mofo. O EPTA apresenta mais doenças respiratórias e condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Portanto, a exposição e o ambiente que vivem necessitam de maior cuidado. Profissionais de saúde e educadores devem promover a proteção, educação e estimular o abandono do tabagismo parental.
Estilo e qualidade de vida de coletores de resíduos
Authors: Silva Flávia Mendes da , Sousa Paulo Henrique Alves de , Silveira Renata Cristina da Penha
Published: January 2018

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o estilo e qualidade de vida dos coletores de resíduos e comparar seus respectivos domínios. Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado com 43 coletores de resíduos de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se um formulário contendo dados socioeconômicos e demográficos, WHOQOL-Bref e o Estilo de vida Fantástico (EVF). Os resultados mostraram que houve associação significativa entre os resultados do questionário WHOQOL-Bref e EVF (p<0,05), indicando que maiores escores de qualidade de vida estão associados a melhores estilos de vida. Apesar das condições adversas inerentes ao trabalho executado pelos coletores e as causas externas a ele, como clima, odor, peso, esforço físico e baixos salários, houve avaliação satisfatória para as questões que compõem a Qualidade de Vida e o estilo de vida. A partir do exposto, ficou evidente que o trabalho, saúde, qualidade e estilo de vida se relacionam e determinam o perfil do trabalhador tanto na vida subjetiva quanto na laboral.
Compreendendo a dinâmica assistencial do serviço de emergência psiquiátrica utilizando a avaliação de quarta geração
Authors: Buriola Aline Aparecida , Marcon Sonia Silva , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: January 2018

Estudo que objetivou compreender as reivindicações, preocupações e questões construídas por profissionais acerca da dinâmica assistencial de um serviço de emergência psiquiátrica. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso, por meio da avaliação de Quarta Geração, com 15 participantes.  A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de análise documental, entrevista semiestruturada e observação, e a análise pelo método comparativo constante. Assim emergiram dois eixos temáticos: a) Compreendendo a dinâmica assistencial do serviço de emergência Psiquiátrica e; b) A desarticulação da rede de atenção psicossocial como entrave para a satisfação sobre a assistência na emergência psiquiátrica. Considera-se que a dinâmica assistencial na Emergência Psiquiátrica extrapola o mero caráter de unidade de estabilização de pacientes com quadros de agudização do transtorno mental, uma vez que esta direciona o fluxo de usuários para o tratamento adequado na rede de atenção psicossocial.
Vítimas de causas externas alcoolizadas atendidas em serviço de urgência e emergência: estudo seccional
Authors: Aguiar Cosma Rosário Glória Santos , Jomar Rafael Tavares , Abreu Ângela Maria Mendes , Barroso Teresa Maria Mendes Diniz de Andrade
Published: January 2018

Estudo seccional que objetivou caracterizar o atendimento e o perfil de vítimas de causas externas alcoolizadas no principal serviço de urgência e emergência de São Tomé e Príncipe. Para tanto, todas as 672 vítimas atendidas entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 que estavam sob efeito do álcool tiveram seus prontuários avaliados. A maioria delas era jovem (56,8%), do sexo masculino (76,5%), cujos atendimentos foram realizados majoritariamente no período noturno (38,8%) dos finais de semana (75,1%) e resultaram em alta hospitalar (62,9%). Quanto ao tipo de causa externa, as agressões foram aquelas que demandaram mais atendimentos (40,0%), seguidas pelos acidentes de trabalho ou de trajeto (30,5%) e dos acidentes de trânsito (29,1%). Os resultados deste estudo pioneiro em São Tomé e Príncipe apontam as causas externas, especialmente as agressões, como um grave problema de saúde pública no país que demanda muitos atendimentos hospitalares.
Vivências de gestantes em situação de prisão
Authors: Fochi Maria do Carmo Silva , Higa Rosângela , Camisão Agnês Raquel , Turato Egberto Ribeiro , Moraes Lopes Maria Helena Baena
Published: January 2018

Buscou-se conhecer as vivências de gestantes em situação prisional. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e descritivo realizado em uma penitenciária feminina do Estado de São Paulo/Brasil, com 14 gestantes e uso da técnica de análise de conteúdo fundamentada nas abordagens psicoemocionais. Identificaram-se as categorias: Busca da Autoproteção, Sentimento de Culpa e Construção da Nova Identidade. A vivência em cárcere significou solidão, medo, impotência e resignação. Há restrição nas relações familiares, na convivência social, no suprimento alimentar, da privacidade e do direito ao sono/repouso, além de impedimento do exercício da maternidade. Demonstraram sentimento de culpa e dor devido a privação de vivenciar a maternidade e a amamentação, além de medo de perder a guarda de seu filho. Para conviver no cárcere, as mulheres tiveram que se adaptar à nova realidade. Conclui-se que as gestantes presidiárias buscam se auto-proteger para sobreviver as perdas e ao rompimento dos laços afetivos e sociais.
Factors Affecting Farm Loan Delinquency in the Southeast
Authors: Quaye Frederick Murdoch , Nadolnyak Denis , Hartarska Valentina
Published: January 2018

This study examines the factors and behaviors that affect Southeast US farmers’ ability to meet their loan repayment obligations within the stipulated loan term. The study uses a 10-year (2003-2012) pooled cross-sectional data from the USDA ARMS survey data (Phase III). A probit approach is used to regress delinquency against various borrower-specific, loan-specific, lender-specific, macroeconomic and climatic variables for the first part.The results show that farmers with larger farms, farmers with insurance, farmers with higher net income, farmers with smaller debt to asset ratio, farmers with single loans and those that take majority of their loans from sources apart from commercial banks are those that are less likely to be delinquent. Temperature and precipitation also affect outcomes, but by minute magnitudes.
Graduation Prospects of College Students with Specific Learning Disorder and Students with Mental Health Related Disabilities
Authors: Jorgensen Mary , Budd Jillian , Fichten Catherine S. , Nguyen Mai N. , Havel Alice
Published: January 2018

This study’s goal was to compare aspects related to academic persistence of two groups of college students with non-visible disabilities: 110 Canadian two and four-year college students - 55 with mental health related disabilities and 55 with Specific Learning Disorder (LD). Results show that students with mental health related disabilities were less likely to intend to graduate than students with LD. Students with mental health disabilities were also older, more likely to be female, to have worse personal circumstances and to feel more socially isolated on campus. They were also less likely to be enrolled in their first choice program or to be registered for campus disability related services than students with LD. Different variables predicted intention to graduate for the two groups. This is a key finding in helping students in these two groups successfully graduate, as they may have different academic, social, personal and accommodation needs. Recommendations are made about how to intervene to improve the academic persistence of students with mental health related disabilities. These include minimizing the fear of stigmatization and adopting a model where accommodations are based on students’ unique needs rather than their diagnoses.
La nación en España un instrumento de medida cualitativo para una cuestión compleja
Authors: Humlebæk Carsten , Ruiz Jiménez Antonia María
Published: January 2018

Esta nota de investigación es un estudio innovador sobre la organización territorial del Estado español (ORTE) y su anclaje, y encaje, sobre definiciones de nación. Es una aportación técnica, en forma de protocolo de codificación, que permite medir, en los discursos políticos, los cambios en las preferencias respecto a la ORTE y los sentimientos de pertenencia hacia España y la región. Ambos fenómenos sociales están cambiando mucho últimamente, pero para conocer cómo se han producido estos cambios y cómo se les otorga legitimidad por élites políticas necesitamos un instrumento que permita medir dichos cambios, de forma sistemática, a lo largo del tiempo. Presentamos el marco metodológico que estamos aplicando a un estudio comparativo de cinco estatutos de autonomía diferentes y sus reformas respectivas, y un avance de los resultados que produce el protocolo.
New-Born Startups Performance: Influences of Resources and Entrepreneurial Team Experiences
Authors: Ye Qian
Published: January 2018

This study examines the interaction effects of entrepreneurial team experiences and resources on new-born startup firm performance, from a contextual view point of entrepreneurship. The sample is from a longitudinal panel data of Kauffman Firm Survey conducted over the period of 2005-2012 by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Results suggest that financial resources have positive impacts on startup firms’ profitability; whereas the impacts of initial firm size on profitability are negative. Startups are more likely to be profitable when the firm size is small at the new-born stage. The positive impact of financial resources on profitability is greater when entrepreneurial teams have strong industry experience; whereas entrepreneurial teams’ industry experience and intangible resources have a negative interaction effect on profitability. Entrepreneurial team’s startup experience has most negative interaction effects on new-born startup firms’ profitability. This finding indicates that the entrepreneurial team’s startup experience plays stronger roles in venturing profitable startups when the amount of financial resources and initial firm size are small; however, the team’s startup experience and intangible resources have positive interaction effects on new-born startups’ profitability.
Willingness to Learn: Cultural Intelligence Effect on Perspective Taking and Multicultural Creativity
Authors: Castañeda Diana R. , Huang Aihua , Avalos Ahuitz R.
Published: January 2018

Technological development has intensified interconnectivity in the global sphere creating highly diverse markets and workplaces making increasingly challenging for contemporary organizations to manage culturally diverse environments while benefiting from them. Hence, fostering employees’ ability to produce both novel and useful ideas within cross-cultural environments has gained enormous importance. This research attempts to better understand the relationship between cultural intelligence (CQ), perspective taking, and multicultural creativity. Data analysis from a causal, descriptive, non-experimental network survey, containing a remote associates test, supports the proposed theoretical framework in which cultural intelligence has an influence on the relationship between perspective taking and the individuals’ capability of drawing upon knowledge from distinct cultures. The results of the study show that two dimensions of cultural intelligence, motivational CQ and behavioral CQ, positively influence individuals’ multicultural creativity. These findings have positive implications when facing the urgent necessity of cross-cultural collaboration.
The Policy Research for the Improvement of Excessive Marriage Expense in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Donghun
Published: January 2018

Excessive marriage-related expenses have become a serious social problem in South Korea. This has led to marriage delay, a low birthrate, the acceleration of an aging society, decreased national economic growth, and employment problems, among others. In South Korea, the young unmarried men and women cannot adequately prepare to shoulder the excessive expenses related to getting married in the future, as well as the high cost of purchasing a house. In fact, almost all of them are being supported by their parents in their marriage preparations or have secured a loan for such purposes. Small weddings and desirable consumption are thus aggressively being promoted for the prevention of excessive marriage-related expenses in South Korea. The reality, however, is very different. In this study, 1,000 persons (500 men, 500 women) in Seoul, South Korea with less than 5 years of marriage were surveyed for the analysis of excessive marriage-related expenses. The analysis results show that marriage expense support has long-term reciprocity and is statistically significant. The economic support beneficiary model is statistically significant both among the men and the women for childcare, housework, and economic support provision. The economic support provision model, on the other hand, is statistically significant among both the men and the women in terms of housework support.This paper discusses and presents the policy direction for addressing the problem of excessive marriage-related expenses in South Korea. It is believed that the policy direction proposed by this study will also have global implications and will become useful for addressing the problem of excessive marriage-related expenses through research result sharing.
How International Political Conflict Hurts Country Image and further Influences Consumers’ Purchase Intention
Authors: Kang Mary , Kim Sarah , Lee Gukseong
Published: January 2018

Recently, South Korea’s decision to deploy an advanced U.S. missile defense system has drawn neighboring China’s strong protests. Amid this political tension between both countries, the purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between this specific political conflict and consumers’ purchase intention. Based on previous literature, this study suggests a research model that defines the relationship between international political conflict, country image (i.e., affective country image and cognitive country image) and purchase intention. Proposed hypotheses suggest that international political conflict between foreign firms’ host and home countries is negatively associated with consumers’ purchase intention toward foreign firms’ products in the host country by hurting cognitive and affective image of the home country. This study contributes to understanding the underlying mechanism on how international political conflict influences consumers’ purchase intentions.
La percepción de la Historia por Alejo Carpentier: su importancia y su inclusión en la novelística del autor
Authors: Abellán Chuecos Isabel
Published: January 2018

Alejo Carpentier es un autor que siempre estuvo preocupado por la Historia y la importancia que ésta tiene para la integración social. De esta manera lo expresará en sus escritos, tanto ficcionales como ensayísticos. Siguiendo los postulados, entre otros, de su compatriota José Martí, y atendiendo a ideas de pensadores como Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran, Robin Collingwood, etc., podemos intentar acceder al pensamiento carpenteriano e inmiscuirnos en sus planteamientos, que nos llevan a pensar que en la Historia todo tiene un sentido.Carpentier igualmente se interesó por la mostración de América a través de sus propios habitantes, sin dejar que sus descripciones estuvieran planteadas únicamente por escritores provenientes de otro continente (como solía suceder con las Crónicas de Indias) y abogando por un pensamiento unificador que hiciera que Latinoamérica constituyera su identidad propia.
Reseña: "Humo" (2017) de Gabriela Alemán
Authors: Parra Sánchez Diego Ernesto
Published: January 2018

Reseña: Humo (2017) de Gabriela Alemán
COGNITIVE SCIENCE: FROM MULTIDISCIPLINARITY TO INTERDISCIPLINARITY
Authors: Bogdanova Marina
Published: January 2018

Cognitive science is a network of interrelated scientific disciplines engaged in researching human cognition and its brain mechanisms. The birth of cognitive science has been the result of numerous integrated processes. Cognitive science is made up of experimental psychology cognition, philosophy consciousness, neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, linguistics, computer science and artificial intelligence. In recent years, a number of other research areas have been added to the body of cognitive science. Among researchers there have been discussions about whether cognitive science is a separate research area or it consists of a series of specialized areas. In fact, the point at issue is whether cognitive science is still a multidisciplinary project or already an interdisciplinary one. P. Thagard believes that cognitive science has reached the level of interdisciplinarity and explains the advances in this area through the metaphor of “trading zones”. The success elements of cognitive science are: fruitful unification of scientific interests of cognitive science founders; organizational structure of the scientific community – universities, where  a special interdisciplinary intellectual environment has been created; a large number of joint research projects supported by governments and business; integrated use of scientific methods and fundamental ideas. D. Sperber and J. Miller prefer to talk not about a unified cognitive science but cognitive sciences, i.e., the commonwealth of sciences working together on the study of a single object - human cognition, however, the extent of their interactive communication is still small. Thus, we should speak about multidisciplinarity  rather than genuine interdisciplinarity of the joint research of separate sciences.
Gobernanza de la formación profesional dual española: entre la descoordinación y la falta de objetivos
Authors: Sanz de Miguel Pablo
Published: January 2018

La Formación Profesional (FP) dual está en la actualidad en fase de desarrollo en España, representándose como una opción política atractiva para facilitar la transición hacia el empleo de los jóvenes y adaptar sus competencias a los requerimientos productivos. En este contexto, la cuestión de sus estructuras de gobernanza suscita interés, dado que de éstas depende, en buena parte, la eficacia y el éxito de un sistema que requiere una coordinación eficaz entre los distintos agentes con interés en la formación. Este artículo proporciona unas dimensiones de análisis para entender y clasificar los sistemas de gobernanza de la FP dual, analizando a partir de éstas el incipiente sistema español, regulado en 2012, que se compara, a su vez, con los casos de dos países europeos, Dinamarca y Alemania, en los cuales la FP dual está institucionalizada desde hace décadas. Se trata, no obstante, de una comparación asimétrica dado que Dinamarca y Alemania se utilizan como elementos de contraste con el caso español, el cual es analizado con mayor profundidad recurriendo, además de a un análisis normativo, a un trabajo de campo basado en grupos de discusión. El artículo concluye evidenciando que el incipiente sistema español de FP dual actual tiene un amplio margen de mejora en el terreno de la gobernanza, requiriendo un marco legal más coherente y dotado de mayor consistencia, una mejora sustancial de la coordinación entre las distintas administraciones y actores involucrados, un reforzamiento del papel de los representantes de los trabajadores y una definición más precisa de los objetivos perseguidos.
A Morte de Maria Theresia.relatada por Dona Leonor de Almeida Portugal. Um olhar português sobre a soberania feminina
Authors: Anastacio Vanda
Published: January 2018

This article takes as a point of departure a letter, published  here for the first time,  written in Viena in 1780, by Leonor de Almeida Portugal (1750-1839), who was then Countess of Oeynhausen and would later became the 4rth Marchioness of Alorna. In this document, Leonor de Almeida describes the death of Empress Maria Theresia of Habsburg. The analysis of the letter and of the context in which it was written, suggest the existence of an underlying political agenda consisting in the legitimation of the presence of a woman in the Portuguese throne by publicizing the image of the Austrian Empress as a role model.
Iker González-Allende, ed., Epistolario de Pilar de Zubiaurre (1906-1970) [Reseña]
Authors: Neira Julio
Published: January 2018

Epistolario de Pilar de Zubiaurre (1906-1970). Edición de Iker González-Allende. Woodbridge: Tamesis Books, 2014, 414 pp., ilustraciones. ISBN: 978-18-55662-76-6
Celebrating “the Joyful Revolution”: about commemoration of the Constitution of May 3rd in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Balaišytė Lina
Published: January 2018

The article discusses how the ratification of the 3rd of May 1791 Constitution was celebrated in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This event, understood by the contemporaries as the beginning of the new epoch, inspired organization of both official and spontaneous celebrations all over the country. While analysing the content and visual expression of these events, it is sought to disclose how these festivals of “the new epoch” were formed and what they looked like, what transformations of the society had inspired them. These celebrations were a tool and product of “the Joyful Revolution”: they were used for patriotic upbringing and unification of the society in the presence of outward threats, though, at the same time, the high spirits of the “revolutionary” time inspired spontaneous festive events. The organizers of such celebrations were mostly the representatives of middle nobility and townspeople, as they had become the most active supporters of the ruler and implemented the reform programme. There were especially many initiatives by townspeople, who due to the new law felt the full-fledged citizens of the state. Similar to earlier celebrations of state significance, almost all festivities were dedicated to the ruler, who was pictured as the father of the nation and creator of the Constitution. A new image of the ruler was started to propagate: the portrait of a king-patriot working for the wellbeing of the homeland and its citizens. The ideas of the “citizens’ nation” encompassing all social strata of the Republic were actively manifested. Acts of the nobility oath to the town law were very important for unification of the society in a symbolic sense; they demonstrated the fraternity of all estates. It is worth mentioning here the demonstration of military attributes and military capacities in order to strengthen the morale of population in troublous times. The article covers in more detail the decorations created for the Constitution anniversary by a nobleman Vincentas Ignacas Marevičius (Wincenty Ignacy Marewicz) in his homestead near Lukiškės, which most visually demonstrated the new structure of the society entrenched by the Constitution. These celebrations of the “3rd of May epoch” could be held for quite a short time and thus failed to create new rituals and symbols. Maybe this was the reason why texts were so important in their décor and explained anew the meanings of symbols applied in earlier celebrations.
About Bishop’s photographs. The case of Vilnius Bishop Karol Hryniewicki
Authors: Žaltauskaitė Vilma
Published: January 2018

The article analyses identified photographs (as well as other images made using other techniques) of Vilnius Bishop Karol Hryniewicki (Hryniewiecki, resided in Vilnius in 1883–1885, in January of 1885 was exiled to Yaroslavl), attempts are made to find out their meanings in different socio-cultural contexts of Lithuania by the end of the 19th c. While exploring the Bishop’s photographs, the context of the Roman Catholic Church in the 19th century’s Russian Empire was evaluated. The diocese of Vilnius was an object of special policy of the secular authorities in the so-called Northwestern Krai, as it was not homogenous in the national as well as confessional aspect. In this diocese, the government attempted to change (and actually changed) the confessional and political-cultural orientation of Belarussian Catholics. Under such circumstances, being a spiritual authority, the Catholic Bishop was a clear competitor to the authority and power of the secular governance, therefore attempts were made to regulate and control his activities. The Bishop’s exile created additional meanings to his photographs in respect of believers and secular government, especially by the end of the 19th c. with strengthening nationalistic moods among Russians and others (Poles, Lithuanians). Therefore, the Bishop’s photographs also became a long-term and successful objet of commerce.
SELF-SUSTAINING OFFICES FOR INTERNATIONAL AID AGENCIES IN REMOTE GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS
Authors: CARCEL CARRASCO FRANCISCO JAVIER , PEÑALVO LOPEZ ELISA , DE MURGA GONZALO
Published: January 2018

Aid Organizations require reliable electrical power to conduct their operations at remote areas where problems arouse and in most of those locations the commercial power is not available or not reliable due to poor infrastructure, lack of maintenance of the grid or obsolete equipment used for power generation. Under certain conditions cost of one Kilowatt could become extremely expensive. This article presents a practical case where all these factors are taken into account, integrating efficiency in consumption, the use of alternative energy sources to avoid dependency and transportation of fossil fuels to areas where it is difficult to supply in remote areas, and the ability to transport these delegations to other areas when the humanitarian missions have been finished (recycling of all facilities and equipment). The project was completed in 12 weeks and tested for more than 15 months with excellent results in Mediterranean Europe. Renewable energy was available permanently (87.7% of the time).

Keywords:Energy efficiency, Sustainable building, Renewable energy, Green offices.
Inferring multi-scale neural mechanisms with brain network modelling
Authors: Schirner Michael , McIntosh Anthony Randal , Jirsa Viktor , Deco Gustavo , Ritter Petra
Published: January 2018

The neurophysiological processes underlying non-invasive brain activity measurements are incompletely understood. Here, we developed a connectome-based brain network model that integrates individual structural and functional data with neural population dynamics to support multi-scale neurophysiological inference. Simulated populations were linked by structural connectivity and, as a novelty, driven by electroencephalography (EEG) source activity. Simulations not only predicted subjects' individual resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series and spatial network topologies over 20 minutes of activity, but more importantly, they also revealed precise neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie and link six empirical observations from different scales and modalities: (1) resting-state fMRI oscillations, (2) functional connectivity networks, (3) excitation-inhibition balance, (4, 5) inverse relationships between α-rhythms, spike-firing and fMRI on short and long time scales, and (6) fMRI power-law scaling. These findings underscore the potential of this new modelling framework for general inference and integration of neurophysiological knowledge to complement empirical studies.
LINE-1 protein localization and functional dynamics during the cell cycle
Authors: Mita Paolo , Wudzinska Aleksandra , Sun Xiaoji , Andrade Joshua , Nayak Shruti , Kahler David J , Badri Sana , LaCava John , Ueberheide Beatrix , Yun Chi Y , Fenyö David , Boeke Jef D
Published: January 2018

LINE-1/L1 retrotransposon sequences comprise 17% of the human genome. Among the many classes of mobile genetic elements, L1 is the only autonomous retrotransposon that still drives human genomic plasticity today. Through its co-evolution with the human genome, L1 has intertwined itself with host cell biology. However, a clear understanding of L1’s lifecycle and the processes involved in restricting its insertion and intragenomic spread remains elusive. Here we identify modes of L1 proteins’ entrance into the nucleus, a necessary step for L1 proliferation. Using functional, biochemical, and imaging approaches, we also show a clear cell cycle bias for L1 retrotransposition that peaks during the S phase. Our observations provide a basis for novel interpretations about the nature of nuclear and cytoplasmic L1 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and the potential role of DNA replication in L1 retrotransposition.
Medical Student Decision-Making: Standard Surgical Excision or Mohs Micrographic Surgery to Manage Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mancuso Christopher , Morris Jeffrey B. , Hernandez Nilda , Fernandez M. Isabel
Published: January 2018

Context

As future physicians, osteopathic medical students will play a critical role in helping patients make informed decisions regarding treatment options.

Objective

To examine the influence that the time, cost, and cosmetic effects associated with treatment options for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), along with students’ demographic characteristics, have on treatment decision-making. The influence that different sources of information have on students was also studied.

Methods

Medical students were recruited from the Nova Southeastern University College of Osteopathic Medicine for this cross-sectional study. Students were presented with a case scenario in which they were a patient with primary nodular BCC in a low-risk zone, and they were asked to select standard surgical excision (SSE) or Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) as a treatment option. They also completed an anonymous survey that assessed the way that factors associated with the treatment options (time, cost, and cosmetic effects) influenced their treatment choice, along with the influence that different sources of information have. Measures of central tendency, frequencies, and other descriptive analyses were used to define the characteristics of the sample. χ2 analysis, correlational analysis, and t tests were used to examine the associations between the treatment decision, treatment-related factors (time, cost, cosmetics), and year in medical school. Statistical significance was set at P≤.05.

Results

A total of 450 students completed the survey and were included in the bivariate analysis. Three hundred forty-five students (76.7%) selected MMS as a treatment option and 105 (23.3%) selected SSE. Significant differences were found in the influence of time, cost, and cosmetic effects associated with treatment between students who selected MMS and those who selected SSE (P<.001). Cost played a more influential role in treatment decision-making for students who selected SSE than for those who selected MMS. Time and cosmetic effects played a more influential role in treatment choice for those who selected MMS. The most influential sources of information were health care professionals and medical literature, with 398 (88.4%) and 313 (69.6%) students, respectively, indicating that these sources were highly influential when making medical treatment decisions. The internet had a low influence over students’ treatment decision-making (238 [52.9%]).

Conclusions

This study represents an initial step toward understanding factors that influence patients’ treatment decision-making in a situation in which there is no medically preferred treatment option. The findings point to the importance of time, cost, and cosmetics as influential factors for patients choosing between different treatment options.
Effect of Ultrasonography on Student Learning of Shoulder Anatomy and Landmarks
Authors: de Vries Kristen D. , Brown Rebecca , Mazzie Joseph , Jung Min-Kyung , Yao Sheldon C. , Terzella Michael J.
Published: January 2018

Context

Ultrasonography is becoming more common in clinical use, and it has been shown to have promising results when introduced into medical school curricula.

Objective

To determine whether the use of ultrasonography as an educational supplement can improve osteopathic medical students’ confidence and ability to locate 4 specific shoulder anatomical landmarks: the coracoid process, the transverse process of T1, the long head of the biceps within the bicipital groove, and the supraspinatus tendon.

Methods

In this randomized controlled study, first-year osteopathic medical students aged 18 years or older were recruited and randomly assigned to a group with exposure (ultrasonography group) or without exposure (control group) to an ultrasonography machine. First, a survey was administered to measure students’ baseline knowledge of shoulder anatomy, confidence in palpation skills, and opinion on anatomical landmark identification teaching methods. Next, students were shown presentations on shoulder anatomy and allowed to practice locating and palpating the specified landmarks. Students in the ultrasonography group were also given instruction on the use of ultrasonography. All students were asked to locate each of the 4 specified anatomical landmarks and then given a follow-up survey. A Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the confidence of the students before and after the intervention. A secondary analysis was performed to compare the degree of deviance from the correct position of the specified anatomical landmark between the ultrasonography and control groups. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Sixty-four students participated. Compared with the control group, students in the ultrasonography group had a greater increase in confidence after the session in their ability to locate the coracoid process, bicipital tendon, and supraspinatus tendon (P=.022, P=.029, P=.44, respectively). Students in the ultrasonography group were also able to more accurately palpate the landmarks than those in the control group, with a significant difference in accurate palpation of the bicipital tendon (P=.024). The ultrasonography group showed less deviation with palpation of the other 3 landmarks compared with the control group, but these results were not significant (P=.50, P=.82, P=.29, respectively).

Conclusion

Ultrasonography in the preclinical curriculum may improve medical students' confidence in and accuracy of palpation.
Low‐Frequency Extensions of the Saturn Kilometric Radiation as a Proxy for Magnetospheric Dynamics
Authors: Reed J. J. , Jackman C. M. , Lamy L. , Kurth W. S. , Whiter D. K.
Published: January 2018

Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR) is an auroral radio emission which can be detected quasi‐continuously by the Cassini spacecraft. It has been shown to respond to magnetotail reconnection and to changes in solar wind conditions and thus offers the potential to be used as a remote proxy for magnetospheric dynamics. This work has developed criteria for the selection of low‐frequency extensions (LFEs), powerful intensifications of the main SKR emission, accompanied by an expansion of the SKR to lower frequencies. Upon examination of data from the Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument, we detect 282 LFE events which are further grouped into two categories. Shorter events (<20 h) associated with tail reconnection have a median waiting time of ∼10 h, a median duration of 3.1 h and a strong correlation with the northern and southern SKR phase systems. The 60% of the short LFEs have a reconnection event within the preceding 6 h. Longer events (>20 h), associated with increases in solar wind dynamic pressure, can last multiple planetary rotations, have a median waiting time of ∼20 days, and show no relationship with SKR phase. An analysis of the power emitted during LFEs suggests that tail reconnection is not always observed or detected in situ which may partially explain the low correlation between LFEs and tail reconnection. We conclude that short LFEs are a good proxy for reconnection in the tail.
Geophysical Signatures of Shear‐Induced Damage and Frictional Processes on Rock Joints
Authors: Hedayat Ahmadreza , Haeri Hadi , Hinton John , Masoumi Hossein , Spagnoli Giovanni
Published: January 2018

In this study, ultrasonic waves recorded during direct shear experiments on rock joints were employed to investigate the shear failure processes. Three types of wave attributes were systematically observed prior to the shear failure of the rock joints: (a) maximum in the amplitude of the transmitted wave, (b) maximum in the dominant frequency of the transmitted wave, and (c) maximum in the velocity of the wave. Different processes occurring during both frictional sliding and stick‐slip oscillations were identified in this study: (a) interseismic phase and (b) preseismic phase. The interseismic phase is associated with elastic loading, very small local slip rate, and increasing ultrasonic transmission along the contact surfaces. The rock joint is considered locked, and the increase in ultrasonic transmission represents an increase in the real (true) area of contact because of interlocking and contact aging. The start of the preseismic phase is marked by the onset of precursors for different regions of the rock joint. Following the interseismic and preseismic phases, coseismic phase occurs. The coseismic phase begins with the reduction in the applied shear stress and is associated with an abrupt increase in the local slip rate. The reductions in transmitted amplitude, wave velocity, and dominant frequency all indicate the preseismic phase when the asperity contacts begin to fail before macroscopic frictional sliding. The observation of the preseismic phase in both the loading phase leading to stable sliding and stick‐slip failure modes suggests that microphysical processes of fault weakening may share key features for these two failure modes.
An Electrically Tunable Terahertz Plasmonic Device Based on Shape Memory Alloys and Liquid Metals
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Ting , Guruswamy Sivaraman , Nahata Ajay
Published: January 2018

An electrically tunable terahertz (THz) plasmonic device is designed and fabricated using liquid metals (eutectic gallium indium) and shape memory alloy wires (Flexinol). The liquid metal is injected into the voids of a poly(dimethyl) siloxane microfluidic mold forming a periodic array of subwavelength apertures, while the wires are inserted into the elastomer below the metal plane. When a DC voltage is applied to the wires, they contract via Joule heating, reducing the aperture periodicity and blueshifting the transmission resonances of the device. When the voltage is removed, the wires cool and elongate back to their original length, allowing the transmission spectrum to return to its original state. The magnitude of this change depends upon the applied voltage. The device is shown to thermally cycle between the relaxed state and the fully contracted state reproducibly over at least 500 thermal cycles. The asymmetric geometry of the device and the contraction process yield transmission properties that are unexpected: two closely spaced resonances, where both resonances correspond to the same scattering indices, and an increase in the transmission amplitude of the lowest order resonance upon contraction. Numerical simulations are used to understand these features.
Systematic Optical Design of Constituting Layers to Realize High‐Performance Red‐Selective Thin‐Film Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Koh Chang Woo , Woo Han Young , Chung Dae Sung
Published: January 2018

A high‐performance red‐selective thin‐film organic photodiode (OPD) is designed. Dual‐band absorbing poly[(2,5‐bis(2‐hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)‐alt‐(5,6‐difluoro‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]‐thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) is introduced as the photoactive donor layer of a planar heterojunction OPD in conjunction with a sol–gel synthesized ZnO acceptor layer. The active layer thickness is systematically controlled to suppress band II absorption (λmax = 420 nm) of PPDT2FBT without sacrificing band I absorption (λmax = 650 nm). The optimal PPDT2FBT thickness is 320 nm to realize red‐selective absorption while maintaining the low dark current density of the OPD (predicted by optical simulation conducted using the transfer matrix method). In addition, the introduction of ZnO (with a strategically determined thickness) as an acceptor layer in front of PPDT2FBT in an illumination pathway enables further suppression of band II absorption because of the blue color filter effect. Consequently, the resulting OPD with a device architecture of indium tin oxide/ZnO/PPDT2FBT/MoO3/Ag shows an outstanding red‐selective photodiode performance with peak detectivity up to 3.04 × 1012 Jones and a high linear dynamic range of 116 dB.