bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised use of Gadgets as a Cause of Cyberbullying Among Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Blyznyuk Tetyana
Published: April 2020

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem and the consequences of the popularity of modern gadgets (smartphones, laptops, smart TVs, game consoles, health trackers, smart watches, webcams, iPads and tablets, earphones) among primary school students during and beyond the educational process. The author lists the advantages of using innovative digital technologies in the classroom for both the student and the teacher: considerable interest and motivation for learning activities, better opportunities for implementation of the individual learning principle, formation and improvement of necessary life skills and competences, etc. The author presents the results of a survey conducted with HEI academic staff regarding their attitude to the problem and their awareness of the most effective gadgets for the enhancement of educational process. The study also proves the failings of the uncontrolled use of modern technologies among younger students, which has apparently become one of the major reasons for the spread of cyberbullying and aggression in the school environment. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this issue and to suggest some ways of addressing it in four stages: family and friends, school, local community and regional-national level, characterized by specific procedures and actions. Among the results of the study, there is an increase in the number of scientific publications, both domestic and foreign, which shows the considerable interest among scientists and the urgent need in the context of searching ways of preventing and combatting cyberbullying among primary school students.
Factores sociales, económicos y ambientales de las organizaciones de economía solidaria conformadas en situaciones de crisis en Colombia
Authors: Silva Valencia Ana Milena
Published: April 2020

En la presente investigación, cuyo eje es el emprendimiento solidario, se analizan los factores que explican el éxito social, económico y ambiental dentro de la creación de organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro en un contexto de crisis de un país latinoamericano. En este sentido, el estudio tendrá como referencia el concepto de emprendimiento y de emprendedor a la hora de conformar organizaciones de tipo social y dentro del contexto de los diálogos de paz en Colombia, los cuales se iniciaron en el año 2012 entre el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia y las Farc (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia).

En el estudio se identificaron los emprendimientos solidarios que se constituyeron de manera formal a partir del año 2012, en una muestra de cooperativas de una región en Colombia. La idea con estos emprendimientos solidarios o colectivos es explicar cómo las capacidades y habilidades de los emprendedores (che) y los factores internos de la empresa (fie) tienen una influencia o están relacionados con los factores económicos, sociales y ambientales. de esta manera, se resalta que, en épocas de crisis, más emprendimientos de tipo colectivo se generan, como también que las capacidades y habilidades de los emprendedores no tienen una relación significativa en el performance o factor económico cuando existen coyunturas de crisis. La contrastación empírica se realizó en una muestra de cooperativas en Colombia, alimentada con entrevistas tipo encuesta estructurada con preguntas cerradas a los líderes o gerentes de las organizaciones. Para su análisis, se eligió una metodología de investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, en la cual se utilizó el Análisis de Regresión Múltiple.
Democracia participativa y planeación del desarrollo en los programas de desarrollo con enfoque territorial
Authors: Valencia Agudelo Germán Darío , Restrepo-Cano Daniel
Published: April 2020

La promesa de la paz territorial yace en un estado incipiente en el posconflicto colombiano, pudiendo solo destacarse a los Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial –PDET– como el esfuerzo más palpable de aquella promesa cuasi-incumplida. El artículo muestra como con estos programas, fruto de la implementación del Acuerdo Final con las Farc-ep, el Estado ha logrado llegar a las regiones más afectadas por el conflicto armado, creando espacios de participación para priorizar proyectos de inversión social, económica y productiva en los territorios rurales; convirtiéndolos en instrumentos de gestión comunitaria y planeación participativa. Pero, debido a una seria de problemas de tipo financiero y presupuestal en el nuevo Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, se pone en duda la realización de sus contenidos
Configuración de creencias sociales y orientaciones emocionales colectivas en ciudadanos de Sonsón y Cocorná (Antioquia) sobre el conflicto armado, el proceso de paz y la reconciliación
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Agudelo López María Camila , Hoyos Susana , Castro Valentina , Buitrago Cristian Evelio , Velásquez Cuartas Natali
Published: April 2020

El presente texto pretende comprender creencias sociales y orientaciones emocionales colectivas que han construido ciudadanos de Sonsón y Cocorná, sobre el proceso de negociación política del conflicto armado, entre el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Para ello se realizaron, en el segundo semestre de 2017 y primer semestre de 2018, 33 entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad en Cocorná y Sonsón, a ciudadanos del común que hubieran participado en el plebiscito del 2016, analizadas a través de un enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, por medio de un procedimiento categorial por matrices intra e intertextuales, a partir de dos categorías: conflicto armado y sus actores, paz y proceso de negociación. Se encontró que quienes están ‘en desacuerdo’ con la negociación configuran marcos sociales que dan soporte a medios militares para dirimir el conflicto, aún en contra de su deseo de paz, y movilizan emociones de rabia, indignación, resentimiento y odio, especialmente contra las FARC; mientras quienes están ‘de acuerdo’ configuran marcos de comprensión que abren puertas para construir una paz concreta, incompleta e imperfecta, están más abiertos a procesos de reconciliación y convivencia y movilizan emociones como esperanza, solidaridad y confianza; pese al miedo frente a los actores armados.
Referentes teóricos y metodológicos para la sociología de la paz
Authors: NARVAEZ JAIMES GINNETH ESMERALDA , Castiblanco Camilo , Urra Canales Miguel
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de reflexión propone una definición general de la sociología de la paz y explora sus peculiaridades para el contexto colombiano. Se ofrece una definiciónacadémica, acompañada de una agenda temática, una propuesta metodológica y algunosapuntes epistemológicos.
La Paz en Práctica: caja de herramientas con enfoque psicosocial para la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz
Authors: Ruiz Álvarez Paula Andrea , Arrieta Vera Sergio Daniel , Cabrera Lozano Aida Milena , Vaca Vaca Martha Patricia
Published: April 2020

Para las entidades que hacen parte del Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición (sivjrnr), es necesaria la construcción de propuestas metodológicas que contribuyan a la satisfacción de los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia. En respuesta a dicha necesidad, este trabajo —producto de una experiencia de práctica profesional en psicología social— presenta una caja de herramientas orientada a apoyar metodológicamente las labores del Departamento de Atención a Víctimas (dav) de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (jep). A través de ella se favorecerá la construcción de instrumentos para los espacios de divulgación, de formación y de acompañamiento psicojurídico, dirigidos a las víctimas que participan en la jep. Este proyecto fue diseñado a partir de los postulados del construccionismo social, y de la psicología sistémica, social, comunitaria y de la liberación, así como de la educación popular y del enfoque didáctico. Se elaboró desde una mirada cualitativa, con base en el diseño de las metodologías participativas y mediante el uso de técnicas investigativas de revisión documental, observación participante, sistematización de experiencias y análisis categorial. Como resultado, se elaboraron seis herramientas metodológicas, que responden a las necesidades del dav, a algunos enfoques diferenciales y a los principios éticos con enfoque psicosocial, los cuales se exponen en el desarrollo del presente artículo.
Literatura y guerra. Elementos de una poética de la escucha en la obra Desterrados. Crónicas del desarraigo, de Alfredo Molano
Authors: Pérez Cardozo Michelle Camila
Published: April 2020

A partir de la cuestión por la relación entre la guerra y la literatura, y tomando como referente a la literatura alemana de la posguerra, el presente artículo gira en torno a la función de la literatura en el contexto del posacuerdo en Colombia. Desde una mirada en la escritura de Alfredo Molano, sus alcances y propuesta poética, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las representaciones del destierro y de la violencia en su libro Desterrados. Crónicas del desarraigo. A partir del enfoque de los estudios literarios inscrito en los debates actuales de la literatura de la violencia, el alcance de este análisis consiste en iluminar las potencialidades de su obra en la construcción de paz en el país.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Ultraviolet-Irradiated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ovsiienko I. , Len T. , Matzui L. , Syvolozhskyi O. , Shpylka D. , Naumova D.
Published: April 2020

The possibility of using the UV irradiation for a functionalization of carbon nanotubes with different degrees of structural perfection is considered. In investigations, the method of infrared spectroscopy is used. A change in the number of functional groups under the short-term UV irradiation of specimens with multiwall carbon nanotubes is estimated by a change in the relative intensity of the IR spectral bands corresponding to vibrations of the functional groups in comparison with the relative intensity of the band corresponding to vibrations of the carbon atoms in graphite.
Trends in Outpatient Procedural Sedation: 2007–2018
Authors: Kamat Pradip P. , McCracken Courtney E. , Simon Harold K. , Stormorken Anne , Mallory Michael , Chumpitazi Corrie E. , Cravero Joseph P.
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Pediatric subspecialists routinely provide procedural sedation outside the operating room. No large study has reported trends in outpatient pediatric procedural sedation. Our purpose in this study was to identify significant trends in outpatient procedural sedation using the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.

METHODS:

Prospectively collected data from 2007 to 2018 were used for trending procedural sedation. Patient characteristics, medications, type of providers, serious adverse events, and interventions were reported. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was used to explore the association between the year and a given characteristic.

RESULTS:

A total of 432 842 sedation encounters were identified and divided into 3 4-year epochs (2007–2011, 2011–2014, and 2014–2018). There was a significant decrease in infants <3 months of age receiving procedural sedation (odds ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.98). A large increase was noticed in pediatric hospitalists providing procedural sedation (0.6%–9.5%; P < .001); there was a decreasing trend in sedation by other providers who were not in emergency medicine, critical care, or anesthesiology (13.9%–3.9%; P < .001). There was an increasing trend in the use of dexmedetomidine (6.3%–9.3%; P < .001) and a decreasing trend in the use of chloral hydrate (6.3%–0.01%; P < .001) and pentobarbital (7.3%–0.5%; P < .001). Serious adverse events showed a nonsignificant increase overall (1.35%–1.75%).

CONCLUSIONS:

We report an increase in pediatric hospitalists providing sedation and a significant decrease in the use of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital by providers. Further studies are required to see if sedation services decrease costs and optimize resource use.
Geophysical methods for controlling the useful component content as the basis for the quality management system at mining and processing enterprises
Authors: Аzarian Albert А. , Аzarian Wolodymyr А.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to substantiating the possibility of creating a common quality management system for iron ore plants based on geophysical methods of operational quality control for mineral raw materials. Due to the fall in prices on the world markets of iron ore raw materials, the financial and economic situation of the mining and processing enterprises in Ukraine has significantly worsened. Thus, the problem of effective control and quality management in mining has become of maximum importance. The availability of timely and reliable information about the content of the useful component will allow responding quickly, forming an integrated final ore cargo flow of the plant of exact quality required by the mining and concentration complex. The need to create a common quality management system is dictated by the fact that the iron ore has a heterogeneous distribution of the useful component content within the deposit, the extraction and transport equipment operates irregularly, resulting in ore cargo flows of various degrees of integration have significant amplitude and frequency oscillations, both by quality and quantity indicators. The instability of the useful component content in the ore cargo, which is aimed at enrichment, leads to a decrease in concentrate output, increase of losses in the tails, costs increase, decrease of the enterprise profit and decrease of its competitiveness. The mathematical model of ore cargo flow formation, which has a range of limitations on quality characteristics, is given. The structure and functional scheme of the quality management system of the mining and processing plant are substantiated. As a result of theoretical studies, the possibility of using radiometric and magnetometric methods for the operational quality control of the iron ore raw materials in the conditions of mining and processing plants by geophysical devices developed by the staff of the problem-branch laboratory of the Kryvyi Rih National University and Rudpromheofizyka LLC is substantiated. The basic technological characteristics of devices and systems are given, information on their introduction into production is provided. It is concluded that the researches carried out and the devices introduced on their basis have created objective prerequisites for substantiating the quality management system at mining and processing plants. The devices and operational control systems based on geophysical methods allow to cover all major stages of mining and processing, to receive timely and reliable information on the condition and dynamics of changes in the useful component content, to efficiently quality management at mining and processing plants, to increase the enterprises competitiveness and profitability.
Geoecological analysis of the impact of anthropogenic factors on outbreak of emergencies and their prediction
Authors: Buts Yuriy V. , Kraynyuk Olena V. , Asotskyi Vitalii V. , Ponomarenko Roman V. , Kalynovskyi Andrii J.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is geoecological analysis of the risk of natural fires and other emergencies of an ecological nature based on the location of high-risk objects in the territory of the Kharkiv region. The following tasks were solved in the work: calculation of the risk of an ecologically dangerous event depending on the density of placement of objects of high danger in the region; Creation of a chart-map on the level of danger of environmental threat in the districts of the region; the search for the dependence of the area of forest fires on the density of the population, the number of high risk facilities, etc. An analysis of the influence of anthropogenic factors on the occurrence of natural fires on the example of the Kharkiv region was carried out. Distribution of potential risk and population density in the studied area allows us to obtain quantitative estimation of social risk for the population. Excessive population density in some areas of the region is one of the factors that increase the material and social risk of the territory and population of the region from natural disasters and man-made disasters. We created mapping zoning of multi-level districts of the region, the risk of an emergency reflects the patterns of spatial structure of potential sources of emergency situations and allows to increase the readiness of the executive and authorized services to act in the event of sudden emergencies and to act for their prevention. Available data allowed us to estimate the density of the placement of potential sources of man-made emergency situations for all districts of the region, which gives us the right, with a certain degree of conditionality, to speak about the extent of the technogenic danger of the territory of the studied areas of the Kharkiv region. We propose to apply a complex factor taking into account the population density, density of placement of objects of high danger and the proportion of high risk objects in the area of the forestry organization in comparison with the total number of objects in the region. For the simultaneous evaluation of both natural and anthropogenic conditions of forest fires in the region, we propose to use the methodology of scoring on which they are evaluated in a four-point system, taking into account the five main characterizing indicators : population density; forest area; the density of high risk facilities; climatic and weather conditions; the share of high risk facilities. Comparison of information on the average number of fires on the lands of the forest fund of Kharkiv region over the past ten years with the results of our typology of the areas shows some correlation. The results of studies on the assessment of the risks of the occurrence of fires depending on natural and anthropogenic factors can be used for zoning similar areas and forecasting the fire situation.
Heritage objects as a resource for the development of tourism within the states and territories of Australia
Authors: Duk Natalia M. , Sumatokhina Iryna M. , Dmytrenko Iryna S.
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the Australian heritage sites as a resource base for the introduction of new tourist destinations. The relevance of the study of Australian tourism resources related to the increase in tourist flow, the prospects for the development of various types of tourism and the growing interest Ukrainian tourists are taking in this country is substantiated. The significant tourist potential of the country, the uniqueness and specificity of its components are highlighted: natural (primarily, vegetation and wildlife, as well as relief and climate), historical and cultural objects.It is noted the historical and cultural potential deserves to be in greater demand, because a large number of objects of historical and cultural heritage retain and disseminate authentic information about the historical past of the country, its ethnic, cultural characteristics and traditions. The purpose of the work is to explore the distribution of various heritage objects within the states and territories of Australia as an important resource for the development of various types of tourism. The database of the research is the information from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the website of the Ministry of Environment and Energy. The paper analyses and assesses the number, composition, and degree of diversity of heritage sites and theirlocations on the territory of administrative units. The study was completed using methods of mapping, geographical analysis, information analysis techniques, namely the calculation of the entropy index. It was found that the regions of Australia provide outstanding diverse and unique resources, which creates preconditions for the development of new tourist destinations and the further growth of the tourism industry. The states and territories with the largest number and diverse composition of heritage sites and significant potential opportunities for the development of various types of tourism are identified. It was noted that Australia is a new active tourist destination for Ukrainian tourists that has significant prospects. Inaddition to the classic excursion routes and visits to wildlife parks, there are popular combined routes such as: excursion program with a beach holiday; combination of excursions with active tourism; professional training programs for agricultural workers combined with visiting heritage sites and beach recreation.New tourist routes are associated with the development of author’s tours with a unique program in accordance with the features of the country and the wishes of tourists and the wider use of the country’s historical and cultural heritage.
The State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine (Geonadra) as a legal subject exercising the right of geological control
Authors: Kirin Roman S. , Baranov Petro M. , Khomenko Volodymyr L .
Published: April 2020

The article analyzes the scientific and legislative provisions related to the legal status of the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine as a subject of geological control. The external and internal structural peculiarities and normative bases of exercising the control and supervisory functions of the State Geonadra are investigated. The external aspect is the subordination of the organization to the Ministry of the Environment, which determines the priority areas of work of the State Geonadra, approves its work plans and harmonizes the structure of the apparatus. The internal aspect is that it exercises its powers directly both through established territorial bodies (Department of State Geological Control, inter-regional territorial departments and through territorial inspectorates, which are within the sphere of management of the State Geonadra) created within the established order. The normative grounds for exercising control and supervisory functions by the State Geonadra at the present stage are analyzed: the law on state surveillance; government regulations; orders of the State Regulatory Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Environment and the State Geonadra; annual and monthly inspection plans; document forms and reporting forms. The authors propose a classification of subjects of geological control rights, which includes the following types: general, generic and direct (primary and secondary). The classification of scheduled and unscheduled inspections as measures of state supervision (control) was made according to the following criteria: patrimonial subject of control; the object of control over the use of mineral resources; the subject of the initiation and the reason for unscheduled inspections; the object of control over the destination of minerals; the object of control over the type of natural mineral substance. The beginning of the reform of the state supervision (control) system in the field of environmental protection is characterized. Its purpose is to create an effective state system for the prevention of environmental offences and for environmental monitoring, reduce the pressure on the business environment, encourage broad involvement of the public in the supervision (control), formation of a single integrated state body of environmental monitoring and control (D) – State Environmental Protection Service.
Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the bilateral Breast and review the literature
Authors: Bhuiyan Mirza Mzu , Makhubele Hundzukani Dost
Published: April 2020

Primary bilateral breast Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are the rare tumors found during the pregnancy and postpartum period. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological diagnosis. Lymphomas in breasts grow faster in pregnant or postpartum women especially, in those who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Confirmation of diagnosis is usually delayed because of breasts’ extraordinary engorgement, hormonal changes during the pregnancy or lactation and most of the patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. Rapidly growing breast mass in HIV patients during the antenatal and postpartum period should undergo prompt investigations and early treatment if proven lymphoma.
Optimization by RSM on rotary friction welding of AA1100 aluminum alloy and mild steel
Authors: Khalfallah F. , Boumerzoug Z. , Rajakumar S. , Raouache E.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this work is to investigate the rotary friction welding of AA1100 aluminum alloy with mild steel, and to optimize the welding parameters of these dissimilar materials, such as friction pressure/time, forging pressure/time and rotational speed. The optimization of the welding parameters was deduced by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM). An empirical relationship was also applied to predict the welding parameters. Tensile test and micro-hardness measurements were used to determine the mechanical properties of the welded joints. Some joints were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in order to investigate the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the weld interface. Experimentally, the tensile strength of the weld increases with increasing the forging pressure/time, while the low level of forging pressure/time allows the formation of an IMC layer which reduces the tensile strength of the weld.
The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio as a predictor of mortality in sepsis patients in ICU H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan and connected to SOFA score
Authors: Abdi Taufik , Solihat Yutu , Ganie Ratna Akbari
Published: April 2020

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality in the ICU. Therefore, estimating patient mortality from ICU treatment rooms is very important. Organ failure is one of the causes of high mortality rates for ICU patients. Accordingly we need a biomarker that can predict the mortality in which way it can reflect the concept of inflammation from sepsis. Based on that reason, this study is aimed at looking at the CRP / Albumin ratio associated with the SOFA score to predict mortality in septic patients.Methods: This study took the blood samples of 58 patients who were being treated at the ICU. Samples were checked for CRP and Albumin on day 1 and 3. At the same time, the SOFA scores and CRP / Albumin ratios were also calculated on day 1 and 3. Finally, the study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval and informed consent.Result And Discussion: 30 men (51,7%) and 28 women (48,3%) with the youngest was 16 years old and the oldest was 65 years old. The CRP / Albumin ratio for day 1 did not have a significant relationship with day 1 of the SOFA scores (P>0.05) and The CRP / Albumin ratio for day 3 have a significant relationship with day 3 of the SOFA scores (P<0.05)Conclusion and Suggestion: The CRP / Albumin ratio and SOFA score can predict the mortality of septic patients. Further research is needed to see the CRP / Albumin ratio and SOFA score as a mortality predictor for septic patients.
Biological activity of Spondias pinnata: A review
Authors: Laksemi Dewa Ayu Agus Sri
Published: April 2020

Background: Herbal products are a promising alternative strategy to overcome infection in the era of antibiotic resistance that began to occur. Natural products from plants that are applied in medicine are increasingly and are often used because of the minimal side effects, less toxicity.Review: Characteristics and plant content of the same species are different depend on ecology and geographic condition of land where the plant is cultivated. â€œLolohâ€ is a traditional drink from Bali, one of which is quite well known is loloh cemcem which is often found mainly in the tourist village of Penglipuran Bangli. â€œLoloh cemcemâ€ is made from â€œcemcemâ€ leaves or â€œkedondongâ€ leaves originating from other languages Spondias pinnata. Plants of the genus Spondias, consisting of 18 species, have been used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This plant is widely cultivated commercially in multiple countries to be marketed locally and internationally. The present review highlights the current advances of phytochemical screening, pharmacologic effect, the molecular mechanism of action of Spondias pinnata in health.
Pengaruh ekspresi Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF) post-neoadjuvant kemoterapi terhadap respon kemoterapi (huvos), local recurrence, metastasis, dan survival pada pasien osteosarkoma
Authors: Dewi Kadek Ayu Candra
Published: April 2020

Background: Overexpression of VEGF before therapy has been associated with decreased survival and poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, but VEGF expression in osteosarcoma patients following receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not been much elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VEGF expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy on chemotherapy responses (HUVOS), local recurrence, metastases and survival of osteosarcoma patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta during the 2009-2010 period to 19 osteosarcoma patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Data on patientâ€™s characteristics, VEGF expression after chemotherapy, local recurrence, metastasis, chemotherapy response and survival in osteosarcoma patients were recorded and analysed using statistical analysis. All data were analysed using SPSS software version 16 for Windows.Results: Most respondents were male (63.2%), age> 14 years (84.2%), stage IIB (94.7%), poor HUVOS (73.7%), size <10 cm (63, 2%), positive VEGF expression (57.9%), negative metastasis (73.7%), and death (73.7%). There was no significant relationship between VEGF expression and all parameters assessed (P> 0.05).Conclusion: VEGF expression by living osteosarcoma cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not significantly related to histological response (HUVOS), local recurrence and metastasis, but has a significant relationship with good survival.
Symptoms of Anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Paraguay
Authors: Rios-González Carlos Miguel , Palacios Jose Miguel
Published: April 2020

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be stressful for some people. Fear and anxiety regarding illness can be overwhelming and generate strong emotions in both adults and children. For all the above research question arises as to determine the symptoms of anxiety and depression during the isolation period the outbreak of COVID-19 in Paraguay.

Methods: Cross-sectional study during the 17 to 20 March 2020 were surveyed every citizen resident in Paraguay, of both sexes, over 18 years of age, who agreed to participate in the study. To measure anxiety and depressive symptoms, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (EADG) was used; This instrument consists of two subscales that make the level of anxiety and depression measurable separately, with only two possibilities of response; affirmative and negative.

Results: 1180 subjects participated in the study, of which 34.24% (404) were between 20 and 29 years old, 51.53 % (608) were female, 39.07 % (461) were married, 35.51 % (419) were university students and 63.73 % (752) were from the inside of the country. The 49.66% (586) presented anxiety symptoms and 47.20% (557) depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: a large proportion of the population presented anxious or depressive symptoms, which was seen in almost the same measure in both sexes, however, it occurred mainly at an older age and residents of the interior of the country.
Worldwide differences in COVID19-related mortality
Authors: Hallal Pedro
Published: April 2020

Background: COVID-19 was declared pandemic on March 11. By April 18, over 150,000 people had died around the world. Here we compare mortality statistics due to COVID-19 worldwide, by adjusting for the size of the population and the stage of the pandemic.

Methods: Data from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and Our World in Data websites were used. Analyses are based on number of deaths per one million inhabitants. In order to account for the stage of the pandemic, the baseline date was defined as the day in which the 10th death was reported. The analyses included 78 countries and territories which reported 10 or more deaths by April 9.

Results: Mortality statistics varied remarkably worldwide. On day 10, India had 0.06 deaths per million, Belgium had 30.46 and San Marino 618.78. On day 20, India had 0.27 deaths per million, China had 0.71 and Spain 139.62. On day 30, four Asian countries had the lowest mortality figures, whereas eight European countries had the highest ones. In Italy and Spain, mortality on day 40 was greater than 250 per million, whereas in China and South Korea, mortality was below 4 per million.  Mortality on day 10 was moderately correlated with life expectancy (rho 0.53; P<0.001), but not with population density (rho 0.12; P=0.31).

Conclusions: Asian countries presented much lower mortality figures as compared to European ones. Life expectancy was found to be correlated with mortality.
Investigating computational thinking skills based on different variables and determining the predictor variables
Authors: ALSANCAK Didem
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to determine how secondary school students’ computational thinking skills changed according to gender, technology use i.e. mobile device ownership, technology competence, daily technology use periods, attitude towards science and attitude towards math. In addition, the relationships between these variables was determined in this study. The research, which was carried out with the participation of 722 secondary school students, was conducted with relational survey model. Convenience sampling method was used to determine the participants. Computational thinking scale, attitudes towards science scale and attitudes towards mathematics scale were used in the study as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis tests were used in this study. According to results, while computational thinking skills did not significantly differ according to gender; there was a significant difference in computational thinking skills according to mobile device ownership, technology competence, daily technology use periods, attitudes towards science and attitudes towards math. Three of the four models developed as a result of hierarchical regression analysis were found to be statistically significant. Accordingly, it can be argued that attitudes towards science, attitudes towards math and mobile device ownership are important predictors of computational thinking.
Victoria Trial: Vericiguat Joins the Big League, or Does it?
Authors: Coats Andrew
Published: April 2020

The VICTORIA trial showed Vericiguat once daily (titrated up to 10 mg) significantly reduced its primary end-point, the composite of death from cardiovascular causes or first hospitalization for heart failure, in 5050 class II-IV HFrEF patients (LVEF<45%).  This a land-mark trial, one of the largest we have seen in heart failure, and it had some very important novel features; it only recruited patients with a recent (within 6 months) worsening of their heart failure, a group known to be at increased risk of subsequent events, and it included more severe heart failure than most recent trials with NTproBNP levels nearly twice that of Paradigm-HF or DAPA-HF. VICTORIA had substantially higher  mortality rate but an apparently less impressive hazard ratio (HR) 0.90 (0.82 – 0.98) compared to Paradigm’s 0.80 (0.73 – 0.87) and DAPA’s  0.74 (0.65 –0.85). This must be considered against a healthy absolute risk reduction at 4.2% compared to Paradigm’s 2.7%  and DAPA’s 4.0%, due to the higher risk patients in VICTORIA.  Another very important difference with VICTORIA is that it included the higher risk recently discharged HF patients, and patients eGFR’s down to 15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, possibly suggesting a special place for Vericiguat in traetring these at-risk subsets of HFrEF patients,  but for the fact that the cohort between 15 and 30mL/min/1.73m2 of eGFR was only around 10.0%, and the point estimate for the HR for this small group was above 1.0 at 1.06 (0.83-1.34). Aslo the sub-grouping by NTproBNP level was highly significantly interacting (p<0.001) with the lower three quartiles all being significantly in favour of Vericiguat and the highest quartile (>5,314 pg/mL) being almost significantly worse on Vericiguat with a HR of 1.16 (0.99-1.35).  So the two major areas where Vericiguat may have received special notice appear to be less impressive when we look in detail at the trial results. How do we therefore place Vericiguat in the wake of VICTORIA? It is a proven therapy in a disease which still has residual high rates of clinical mortality and morbidity.  It conveyed a benefit on top of other therapies, thus it should be not ignored and may indeed be a very effective therapy in some patients.
Customized Fabrication Approach for Hypertrophic Scar Treatment: 3D Printed Fabric Silicone Composite
Authors: Chow Lung , Yick Kit-Lun , Kwan Mei-Ying , Yuen Chun-Fai , Ng Sun-Pui , Yu Annie , Yip Joanne
Published: April 2020

Hypertrophic scars (HS) are considered to be the greatest unmet challenge in wound and burn rehabilitation. The most common treatment for HS is pressure therapy, but pressure garments may not be able to exert adequate pressure onto HS due to the complexity of the human body. However, the development of three-dimensional (3D) scanning and direct digital manufacturing technologies has facilitated the customized placement of additively manufactured silicone gel onto fabric as a component of the pressure therapy garment. This study provides an introduction on a novel and customized fabrication approach to treat HS and discusses the mechanical properties of 3D printed fabric reinforced with a silicone composite. For further demonstration of the suggested HS therapy with customized silicone insert, silicone inserts for the finger webs and HS were additively manufactured onto the fabric. Through the pressure evaluation by Pliance X system, it proved that silicone insert increases the pressure exerted to the HS. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured fabric silicone composites were characterized. The findings suggest that as compared with single viscosity print materials, the adhesive force of the additively manufactured silicone and fabric showed a remarkable improvement of 600% when print materials with different viscosities were applied onto elevated fabric.
Cost variation analysis of oral anti-dyslipidaemic drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Jain Shilpa , Marko J. L.
Published: April 2020

Background: Dyslipidaemia is one of major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which further causes mortality and morbidity, so requires a long course of treatment. Physicians should be aware of the cost of drugs.Methods: Cost of the oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug, either as single drug or in combination manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage form was obtained from current index of medical specialities (CIMS) April-July 2019. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage cost variation per 10 tablets was calculated.Results: In this study, existing findings showed a wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. Percentage cost variation for individual oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug was found to be highest with atorvastatin (80 mg film coated (FC) tablet): 358.84% followed by atorvastatin (5 mg FC tablet): 247%, fenofibrate  (200 mg FC tablet): 134.22%, lovastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 108.56%, rosuvastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 78.60%,   while lowest cost variation is seen with rosuvastatin 40 mg FC Tb: 1.598%. Among fixed dose combination therapy percentage cost variation was found to be highest with atorvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 160 mg, FC tablet): 256%, followed by atorvastatin and ezetimibe (10 mg and 10 mg, tablet): 132.39%, while minimum cost variation was for rosuvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 67 mg, tablet): 22.6%.Conclusions: These study findings showed that there is a wide variation in the cost of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. So, it is very necessary for regulatory authorities to regulate the wide variation in the cost, as well as physicians, should be sensitized to be aware of their cost variations to reduce the economic burden of drug-therapy to the patients.
Observational cross-sectional study to evaluate the effects of self-medication with topical agents used by patients for superficial fungal skin infection at tertiary care hospital in Mumbai
Authors: Mahajan Sunanda A. , Deshmukh Surbhi S. , Rawal Jatin R.
Published: April 2020

Background: Superficial fungal infections of the hair, skin, and nails are a major cause of morbidity in the world and their incidence continues to increase. While self-medication is also one of the major health concerns for health authorities worldwide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of topical agents used by patients for self-medication, to enlisting the topical agents used by patients for self-medication, to ensure by whose suggestion’s patients engaged in self-medication.Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study which was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of dermatology in tertiary care hospital. A detailed history of the participant was recorded regarding topical agents used for self-medication and their effects were documented in a predesigned case record form.Results: The population consisted of 128 males and 87 females. All these 215 participants had used 61 topical agents of different brand names and the majority of were irritant, corticosteroids and antifungal much high in use. Among 215 participants, 111 had temporary relief from the infection and reoccurred after stopping its use. 98 showed aggravation in their infection among which 90 showed effects like irritation, burning and itching at the application site, while 8 participants showed dryness or flaking of skin.Conclusions: Self-medication is widely practiced among patients with a superficial fungal skin infection in Mumbai. A pharmacist was the major source for obtaining these topical agents. We can conclude, there is a need to counsel and discourage patients from self-medication and regulations for dispensing the prescribed drugs should be made stringent.
Marine pharmacology: an ocean to explore novel drugs
Authors: Sruthi Vadlakonda , Sharone Grace Nagur , N. Monica , Manoj Kumar Valishetti
Published: April 2020

The rise in burden of diseases and treatment failure demands discovery of novel compounds. Exploiting natural sources which include territory of land and water in potential manner paves the way for significant future innovations in drug discovery. Marine environment has striking functionalities in its skeleton that has fascinated scientists to show enormous interest in investigation of new compounds. Marine sponges, algae, tunicates, sea whip etc. from the marine pipeline are the important sources for biological active compounds. Recent technology advancements further added to the domain of drug research in isolation and evaluation of marine derived products. To date, significant number of compounds have been isolated. Wide range of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, antiviral, anticancer, analgesic, antimicrobial, antimalarial compounds have been pursued in control and management of diseases. These represent marine ecosystem as a hopeful resource in discovery of novel compounds with ideal starting point in scaffolding additional screening of natural marine products. This is review of abstracting on history, lead development process in identifying and comprehending basic nature of compounds that is promising initial step towards unique pharmacological design, the triumph of approved and ongoing trails, brief depiction on current status and challenges being faced in marine drug discovery field.
Study of clinical, imaging and pathological assessment of breast lumps: an observational study
Authors: Laul Sumedha , Saxena Divish , Wasnik Nitin
Published: April 2020

Background: A palpable lump in a woman’s breast could be benign or malignant and it requires prompt evaluation to confirm or exclude cancer. This study aims to establish the correlation between clinical and radiological parameters for provisional diagnosis of breast lumps and the role of histopathology for final diagnosis of these breast lumps.Methods: Total 275 female patients with palpable breast lumps were included in the study, where a detailed history was recorded and clinical examination was done. All patients underwent ultrasonography of the breast along with fine needle aspiration cytology or histopathology, wherever indicated.Results: Benign breast lumps were found more commonly in 18-30 years of age group whereas malignant breast lumps were seen more commonly in the 41-60 years age group and the incidence increased with age. Fixity to skin was present in 5.1% and fixity to chest wall was present in 5.8% respectively, and all of these cases turned out to be malignant.Conclusions: Attributing factors for suspicion of malignant lumps are advanced age, fixity to surrounding structures, presence of ulceration and peau’d orange breast skin appearance. Although for confirmation of malignancy from a suspected breast lump requires either cytology or histopathology of the excised specimen.
A prospective observational study on feasibility of laparoscopic perforation repair in patients presenting with intestinal perforation at a tertiary care superspeciality hospital in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Taneja Deepak , Gupta Akash , Dave Sandeep , Tamaskar Siddharth
Published: April 2020

Background: Bowel perforation is one of the common emergencies faced by the surgeons in the developing world. It carries a high morbidity and mortality rate even today. In the present era, laparoscopy is being used as a better treatment alternative across the world. Various reports in literature are now available regarding the feasibility of laparoscopic repair of bowel perforation. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic primary suture repair as the initial modality in treating a bowel perforation and to analyze the pattern of bowel perforation in relation to age, sex and etiology in Chhattisgarh state.Methods: This study included the data of relevant patients who got admitted in Ramkrishna Care Hospital Raipur from 1st October 2017 to 31st September 2019 (24 months).Results: Most commonly affected mean age group in this study was 39±15.82 years with male predominance. Statistically  significant findings in favour of laparoscopic repair in our study were early return of bowel activity, less incidence of surgical site infection, early return to work (less hospital stay), less post-operative pain as compared to open surgery (p<0.05).Conclusions: In this study it was found that laparoscopy in patients with bowel perforation who are hemodynamically stable and present early (<72 hours) to the hospital is feasible and safe and gives many benefits including reduction in perioperative morbidity and mortality.