bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and substitution of antibiotics in animal feeding
Authors: HAN DIANGANG , REN TONG , YANG YUMING , LI ZHAOYONG , DU XUAN , ZHANG CHUNYONG , PU QIQI , HE LIN , ZHAO KAIWEI , GUO RONGFU , XIN JIGE
Published: October 2023

The addition of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics to feed as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) can effectively inhibit or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, reduce the incidence of livestock diseases, optimize feed conversion efficiency, and improve livestock growth performance. Antibiotics play a vital role in ensuring the supply of animal products and enhancing the economic benefits of animal husbandry. Nevertheless, global attention has been drawn to issues such as bacterial resistance, drug residue, and environmental pollution caused by antibiotic misuse – including excessive dosage, prolonged administration, and broad application scope. With the growing emphasis on food safety, an increasing number of countries have prohibited the addition of antibiotics to feed as growth promoters for livestock. To ensure a sustainable and healthy development of the feed industry, research on efficient and low-side-effect antibiotic substitutes has become a focal point. This paper provides a review and summary of both the advantages and disadvantages of adding antibiotics to feed, as well as the alternative research.
Electronic Technologies in Elections and Referendums: Theory and Practice
Authors: Pavshuk Kateryna
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the theory and practice of using electronic technologies in elections and referendums in the context of guaranteeing the established international principles of electoral law. The relevance of the topic is related to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the All-Ukrainian Referendum", which allows the use of information and telecommunication technologies during its organization and conduct. The subject of the study is the theory and practice of using electronic technologies in elections and referendums in Ukraine and abroad. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of electronic technologies in the process of administration, preparation and conduct of elections, which can be similarly used in the all-Ukrainian referendum in the context of ensuring the principles of electoral law, and also to clarify the technical side of their implementation. The study applies the method of analysis and synthesis of scientific information, comparative legal and dialectical methods of scientific cognition. The norms of domestic legislation on holding elections and the all-Ukrainian referendum on the use of electronic technologies have been studied. International standards of the implementation of e-voting technology, as well as the main recommendations of the Venice Commission and the Committee of Ministers on preventing violations of the principle of fair and free elections during the use of information technologies, were analyzed. Special attention was paid to the study of legal opinions of courts of foreign countries regarding problematic aspects and possible violation of voting principles when using e-voting technology (USA, Germany, India, Albania). It was concluded that the international community does not distinguish between using of electronic voting programs in elections and referendums, applying the same approaches to the implementation of electoral principles. Recommendations for domestic legislative activity and the practice of election administration are outlined. The possible use of such leading information and telecommunication technologies as biometric identification, online registration of political parties and candidates, electronic voting, optical scanning of paper ballots, recording of a paper trail, cryptography, etc. has been revealed. The analysis of judicial practice made it possible to conclude that in order to comply with the public nature of the election process it is important to guarantee cybersecurity, protection of personal data and the results of will detection by recording a paper trail. Finally, attention was drawn to the problem of legislative regulation of electronic procedures during the all-Ukrainian referendum without their consistency and harmonization with the provisions of the Election Code of Ukraine. The obsolescence of the procedure for initiating a national referendum enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine and detailed in the law, which needs to be modernized, is emphasized.
MAGNEX and PILCCU in Finland: deployment of CO2 mineralisation in circular economies
Authors: Zevenhoven Ron , Kinnunen Päivö , Levänen Jarkko , Pirinen Heikki , Levänen Erkki
Published: October 2023

Two ongoing projects in Finland, MAGNEX (Viable magnesium ecosystem: exploiting Mg from magnesium silicates with carbon capture and utilization) and PILCCU (Piloting of ÅA CCU) aim at using CO2 mineralisation technology for the overlapping purposes of large-scale CO2 emissions mitigation and bringing several valuable material streams into circular economies, including construction. Of central importance are magnesium-based materials, such as magnesium carbonate hydrate (MCH), besides (amorphous) silica and several metallic species. On top of revenues from these, CO2 emissions mitigation lowers the financial penalty from CO2 emission rights under for example the European ETS.

The ÅA process routes are stepwise processes based on extraction of magnesium (and other species) from serpentinite-containing mining tailings from Finland, followed by precipitation of metallic species, carbonation using a CO2 containing gas-stream (no separate capture step needed) and recovery of solvent salt, respectively. Several separation steps involve (ion-selective) membrane electrodialysis. Besides ongoing mapping and characterisation of Finnish rock resources as tailings or other side-streams at metal and mineral mines in Finland, the projects address public acceptance, legislation and other non-technical issues related to large-scale roll-out of this type of CCU technology.

For the use of the solids, magnesium-based cement binders and plaster-like recipes are investigated as well as applications for the (amorphous) silica and other residues, including the use of MCH for cyclic thermal energy storage (TES). Special focus is on accelerating the carbonation step and the final outcome of MCH production, considering pressure (including supercritical CO2 levels), and the role of recoverable catalysts and other additives.

The work receives funding from the Academy of Finland (2022-2025) and from Business Finland plus industry partners (2022-2024), respectively.
Status on CCS in Denmark
Authors: Kjær Poulsen Mads , Blauenfeldt Næss Gjermund
Published: October 2023

The presentation “Status on CCS in Denmark” will focus on the recent progress made in Denmark on CCS and provide insight into new initiatives underway.

The CCS technology enjoys ample political support in Denmark. Since 2020 a number of political agreements has been reached, introducing three subsidy funds for CCS as well as a range of legislative and regulatory changes that has enabled Denmark to work towards establishing a full-scale CCS value chain with the aim of reaching its climate targets.

It follows from the Danish CCS strategy that Denmark also strives to become a future European hub for CO2 storage. In that context, Denmark has entered into collaboration agreements with Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway, and Germany to promote CCS as a climate mitigation tool. Additionally, in 2022, Denmark signed an agreement with Belgium for the cross-border transportation of CO2 with the purpose of geological storage beneath the seabed. This agreement was the first of its kind in an international context.

This year has been a particularly important year for CCS in Denmark. Recent developments include the awarding of the first full-scale offshore exploration licenses for CO2 storage, the first injection of CO2 in the Danish part of the North Sea has been completed in a pilot project, and the energy company, Ørsted, has secured a state-sponsored contract to establish the country's first full-scale CCS project. This initiative, valued at approximately 1.1 billion EUR, plans to commence CO2 capture in 2025.

Moreover, a new tender for the NECCS (“Negative Emissions CCS”) subsidy fund was published in late August. The aim of the NECCS-fund is to achieve 0.5 million tons of negative CO2 emissions per year, through BECCS and/or DACCS by granting financial support to one or more projects at any scale. Also in late August, a new political proposal was introduced, containing new CCS-initiatives. Finally, new tenders for exploration and storage licenses are planned in the future.
Evaluation of adsorption potential of illite/quartz/kaolinite/montmorillonite for Cr(VI), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions and modeling of experimental results by artificial neural networks
Authors: Balasubramani Kavitha , Thambavani D. Sarala
Published: October 2023

An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the removal efficiency of Cr(VI), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions on riverbed sand containing illite/quartz/kaolinite/montmorillonite (IQKM) clay minerals. The effect of operational parameters such as initial metal ion concentration (10–100 mg/L), initial pH (2–10), adsorbent dosage (0.025–0.15 g/L), contact time (15–90 min), agitation speed (100–800 rpm), and temperature (303–323 K) is studied to optimize the conditions for greatest removal of metal ions. Employment of equilibrium isotherm models for the description of adsorption capacities for IQKM explored better efficiency of the Langmuir model for the best representation of experimental data with the highest adsorption capacity of 8.802, 7.5125, 6.608 mg/g for Cr(VI), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions in the solution. The kinetics of the proposed adsorption processes efficiently followed pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. .
Effects of season and slope orientation on stable isotopes of different water bodies in the subalpine shrub zone of the eastern Qilian Mountains in China
Authors: Zhang Yue , Jia Wenxiong , Yang Le , Xiong Hui , Zhang Fuhua , Zhang Miaomiao , Lan Xin
Published: October 2023

The subalpine shrub zone of the Qilian Mountains is an important water-retaining area, and it is crucial to clarify the processes of its hydrological cycle. Therefore, based on the stable isotope values of different water bodies in the subalpine shrub zone of the eastern Qilian Mountains from May to October 2019, the characteristics of δD and δ18O of different water bodies and their hydraulic relationships with each other were studied. The results showed that the stable isotope values of precipitation exhibited the largest fluctuations, while they were the most stable for groundwater. Plant transpiration was stronger than the evaporation of other water bodies. The stable isotope of precipitation was enriched in high temperature and low humidity environments. Isotopic values of plant and soil water were higher and more stable on the semi-sunny slope than on the semi-shady slope. According to the stable isotopes, there was a strong hydraulic relationship between the different water bodies in the study area, and precipitation was the ultimate source of all of them. Precipitation replenished soil water through infiltration. Part of the soil water was absorbed by plants, while the rest continued to infiltrate to replenish groundwater. Groundwater and precipitation replenished the river water.
Phytochemical, Ethnobotanical, and Global Perspectives of Genus Echinacea:
A Panoramic Review
Authors: Arora Disha , Parashar Smriti , Gautam Rupesh K. , Goyal Rajat
Published: October 2023

Nature has always been a wonderful supply of therapeutic substances, providing us
with a range of medicinal plants that produce helpful phytochemicals. The native species of the
genus Echinacea, which are found in North America and are well-known among medicinal
plants, are members of the Asteraceae family. Though there are nine different species of echinacea, only three Echinacea angustifolia DC, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, and Echinacea
pallida (Nutt.)-are utilized as medicinal herbs with a variety of therapeutic uses. Contrary to other plant families, the Asteraceae family of plants is one of the most well-known and renowned,
and as a result, many of its members have been employed for therapeutic purposes. The availability of substances with a variety of medicinal characteristics is to blame for this. This review
has included the investigation of the morphological traits, ethnopharmacology, and diverse
pharmacological properties of the Echinacea genus. The chemistry of the genus is extensively
understood, and various chemical component groups-including alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives-are believed to be crucial for activity.
Fighting for Social Lives
Authors: Wight Ki
Published: October 2023

Vocationalism and other market logics dominate over social logics in contemporary higher education discourses. This personal critical reflection explores how theories of critical pedagogy can inform and inspire educators to centre social justice.
Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme for Securing Cloud Data
Authors: Al Attar Tara , Anwar MOHAMMED Mohammed
Published: October 2023

One of the pioneer and important fields in the computer science area is cloud computing. The data within cloud computing are usually transformed to it from local storage; therefore, the security of this data is an important issue. To solve this data security issue, it is important that cloud service providers (CSPs) store encrypted versions of user data. Before transmitting data to the cloud provider, it was encrypted using traditional encryption schemes. Nevertheless, for these schemes, the private key must be provided to the server to be used for the decryption on the other side before any calculations, yielding a security risk and issue for the cloud data. Homomorphic encryption provides a capable solution to this issue since it enables calculations on encrypted data with no need to be decrypted and the private encryption key is not compromised. A new fully homomorphic encryption scheme to protect cloud data is proposed in this paper, it is called NAZUZ. The NAZUZ scheme is based on prime modular operations and encrypts messages by operating on each character without converting them to binary. NAZUZ security relies on the difficulty of factoring large integer numbers and introduces noise complexity to the plaintext through the number of CSP users.
Assessing Facilitator Fidelity to Principles of Public Deliberation: Tutorial
Authors: Draucker Claire , Carrión Andrés , Ott Mary A , Knopf Amelia
Published: October 2023

Public deliberation, or deliberative democracy, is a method used to elicit informed perspectives and justifiable solutions to ethically fraught or contentious issues that affect multiple stakeholder groups with conflicting interests. Deliberative events bring together stakeholders (deliberants) who are provided with empirical evidence on the central issue or concern and then asked to discuss the evidence, consider the issue from a societal perspective, and collectively work toward a justifiable resolution.
There is increasing interest in this method, which warrants clear guidance for evaluating the quality of its use in research. Most of the existing literature on measuring deliberation quality emphasizes the quality of deliberants’ inputs (eg, engagement and evidence of compromise) during deliberative sessions. Fewer researchers have framed quality in terms of facilitator inputs, and these researchers tend to examine inputs that are consistent with generic group processes. The theory, process, and purpose of public deliberation, however, are distinct from those of focus groups or other group-based discussions and warrant a mechanism for measuring quality in terms of facilitator fidelity to the principles and processes of deliberative democracy.
In our public deliberation on ethical conflicts in minor consent for biomedical HIV prevention research, we assessed facilitator fidelity to these principles and processes because we believe that such assessments serve as a component of a comprehensive evaluation of overall deliberation quality. We examined verbatim facilitator remarks in the deliberation transcripts and determined whether they aligned with the 6 principles of public deliberation: equal participation, respect for the opinions of others, adoption of a societal perspective, reasoned justification of ideas, expression of diverse opinions, and compromise or movement toward consensus. In this tutorial, we describe the development of a blueprint to guide researchers in assessing facilitator fidelity, share 3 templates that will assist them in the task, and describe the results of our assessment of facilitator fidelity in 1 of the 4 sites in which we conducted deliberations.
Spinal cord injury as a component of polytrauma in road accident victims
Authors: Guryev S.O. , Kushnir V.A. , Iskra N.I. , Kushnir H.P.
Published: October 2023

Background. Road traffic injury remains one of the most serious and complex types of human injury both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of the research: to determine the location and extent of spinal cord injuries as a component of polytrauma as a result of a road accident. Materials and methods. We formed a study array of 298 victims with spinal cord injuries from the array of road accident victims (1,696 people) who were treated in the emergency medical care hospital of the city of Kyiv, the emergency medical care hospital of the city of Chernivtsi, and three central district hospitals of the Kyiv region in 2020–2021. Formation of the research array was carried out by the method of irreversible randomization using the technology of random numbers. The selection criterion for inclusion in the study was the presence of spinal cord injury in road accident victims. At the same time, verification of the nature of the damage was determined at this stage of the study only by clinical and anatomical features, namely, the cervical spine, the thoracic spine and the lumbar spine. Results. It was established that 87.25 % receive damage to one part of the spine. Damage to all parts of the spine in road accidents occurs in 1.68 %. Among the combination of injuries of the spine, the combination of injuries of the thoracic and lumbar parts has the largest specific weight. Spinal cord injury occurs most often in drivers 37.05 %, the least common in pedestrians 30.82 %. According to the NISS, 51.02 % of victims receive a mild spinal cord injury, 39.99 % of victims receive a severe spinal cord injury. In victims with a severity of 25 points, damage to the cervical spine has the largest specific weight of 40.29 %, the smallest is the thoracic section of 28.70 %. In drivers and passengers, the cervical spine is most often damaged, 53.85 and 48.91 %, respectively. In pedestrians, the lumbar spine is most often injured, 47.19 %. The coefficient of combination of damage to several sections of the spine at the same time for drivers and passengers is 1.14, and for pedestrians — 1.6. Conclusions. Spine injuries occur in 17.98 % of victims of traffic accidents. Most often, the cervical spine is damaged in 46.64 %, thoracic — in 32.55 %, and lumbar — in 35.23 % of those injured as a result of traffic accidents.
Diasporic Home: Existence of Widows in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Water
Authors: Borgohain Indrani Atul
Published: October 2023

Water, published in 2006, brings to light the contentious issues with patriarchy, widowhood, and child prostitution in India prior to the partition. This essay focuses on how widows adjust to life in Ashram, a frequently visited destination on their migratory routes. The main protagonist in the novel Water, Chuyia, is an example of an immigrant who is compelled to abandon everything connected to their own culture and adopt the new standard of living in the host community. The author provides voice to oppressed women, especially widows, and demonstrates how “husbandless” women are stigmatized and suffer heinous abuse, which causes them to feel alienated. A close illustration of the caste systems in the political and historical frameworks of the novel will be done in order to discuss the identity crisis of the diasporic character in Water. This will reveal the fundamental power relations among male-dominated heteronormative discourses that produce male dominance and make women’s dominance a suitable cultural norm. I contend that widows’ homemaking is a dynamic process that entails continual concern in connection to identity performance and adjustments in this research, rather than being a static replica of their prior houses. I use the concepts of cultural authenticity and identity development to support modern notions of the diasporic home. My study proposes a fundamental tool for analyzing widows, which is an immigrant tale, and gives a novel perspective that undermines facile associations between homemaking and established identities.
“Las leyes de la termodinámica” como herramienta didáctica para la enseñanza conceptual de la termodinámica en un curso de química general
Authors: Reyes García Jael Lucila
Published: October 2023

La enseñanza de la termodinámica desempeña un papel esencial en la comprensión de diversas áreas de la ciencia y tecnología. El presente artículo presenta el uso de la película “las leyes de la termodinámica” como herramienta para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de conceptos fundamentales de la termodinámica en un curso de química general de nivel universitario.
Uso de pruebas y decisiones de profesores en formación inicial en un debate sobre prohibición de plásticos
Authors: Salcedo-Armijo Elena , Cano-Iglesias María José , Blanco-López Ángel , Franco-Mariscal Antonio Joaquín
Published: October 2023

La sociedad requiere ciudadanos reflexivos y críticos que sepan resolver de forma efectiva los problemas actuales que plantean aspectos científico-tecnológicos. Para ello, es necesario que desde la educación se forme a los estudiantes en las competencias necesarias para que sepan actuar de forma responsable ante estos problemas. Así, la argumentación basada en pruebas es esencial, ya que permitirá tomar decisiones fundamentadas, constituyendo los debates una herramienta adecuada para fomentarla en el aula. Este trabajo plantea un debate sobre el problema socio-científico de la prohibición de plásticos de un solouso en la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria. Los participantes actúan como oyentes del debate entre dos personas, una a favor y otra en contra de la prohibición, y deben tomar una decisión argumentada ante el problema antes y después del debate. Los resultados muestran cambios importantes en la decisión adoptada en los dos momentos, predominando antes del debate posturas a favor y ambas posiciones después, sustentadas en distintos tipos de pruebas, inicialmente ambientales, sociales y relativas a propiedades de materiales y, finalmente, sociales en muchos casos.
Promoción de la práctica discursiva en el profesorado de química en formación
Authors: Herrera-Melin Ana María , Quintanilla Gatica Mario Roberto , Zambrano  Abarzua Jecsan , Sepúlveda Pérez María Beatriz , Iturra Toledo Mónica
Published: October 2023

La presente investigación enmarcada en un estudio de casos colectivo, analizó 26 planificaciones de clases con foco en discusión productiva, práctica que fomenta las oportunidades de aprendizaje bajo la dinámica de interacción en el aula, elaboradas por 14 docentes de química en formación que cursaron simultáneamente didáctica y práctica profesional el segundo semestre del 2021 en distintos centros educativos de la Región Metropolitana (Chile). El objetivo fue caracterizar por medio de la dimensión didáctica de los planos de desarrollo del pensamiento científico (PPC), la carga teórica de las preguntas/enunciados en la promoción de la discusión productiva, además de identificar el enfoque/estrategia desarrollado: historia de la química (HdQ), naturaleza de las ciencias (NOS), problemáticas socio- científicas (CTS-A), o contexto cotidiano. En 3 de las 26 planificaciones que se identificó HdQ, CTS-A y/o NOS, se utilizó el software atlas ti para analizar la narrativa de la clase completa, donde los resultados de co-ocurrencia mostraron la relación entre discusión con socialización, habilidades de pensamiento científico (explicación) y los PPC: instrumental, personal y social, proporcionando evidencia empírica de cómo esta dimensión didáctica permitiría orientar tanto la implementación de la discusión productiva, como las instancias de reflexión en los talleres de práctica profesional.
Filosofía de la química II. Sobre el estilo de pensamiento de las prácticas químicas
Authors: Chamizo José Antonio
Published: October 2023

Utilizando como ejemplo las investigaciones que fueron galardonadas con los Premios Nobel de Fisiología, Física y Química en el año 2022, se caracterizan y discuten las prácticas químicas que han establecido un estilo de pensamiento, convirtiéndolas así en omnipresentes y al mismo tiempo invisibles para la mayoría de los científicos y de la sociedad en general. Dicho estilo de pensamiento, partiendo del método propio de las prácticas químicas (análisis y síntesis), se resume en las palabras: conocer haciendo.
Novel Therapeutics: A Nemesis for Biofilm-forming Mycobacterium spp.
Authors: Pandey Niharika , Ahmad Firoz , Singh Kratika , Pandey Pranshu , Sharma Rolee
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease that is a significant cause of illness worldwide and has been declared one of the top ten causes of mortality across the world. It is well known that bacteria within biofilms exhibit much higher drug resistance than individual cells. Biofilms constitute a significant threat in the clinical environment by acting as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, the formation of biofilms has been postulated to further aid in drug insensitivity and bacterial persistence within host tissues. The rapid increase in drug resistance in Mycobacteria poses a significant challenge to TB eradication and needs to be addressed soon. In this review, we have attempted to frame a general overview of mycobacterial pathogenesis, the role of biofilm formation in enhancing its shelf life, and some natural compounds and nanoparticles as emerging novel therapeutics reported to inhibit biofilm formation in mycobacteria. Therefore, we present some recent advances which might have potential applications in new treatment regimens for Tuberculosis.
Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Gram Negative Bacilli from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Telangana
Authors: Cheemala Sulakshana Sony , Vara Aarthi , Lakshmi M. Swarajya , Pradhan Shilpa , Kalyani K.
Published: October 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram negative bacteria (GNB) has become a critical health concern across the globe. Unveiling of β-lactamase, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase producing bacteria has led to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO’s). Carbapenems are considered to be very effective in morbid infections caused by MDRO’s. Now, the upsurge of carbapenem resistance among GNB is an issue of concern as these infections are very difficult to treat. Rapid and reliable methods to detect these CPO’s in all Microbiology laboratories is essential to streamline the antimicrobial therapy. Accordingly, this study is conducted to determine the enormity of CPO’s among clinical isolates by various phenotypic tests along with differentiation of serine β-lactamases from metallo-β-lactamases. This is a Prospective Cross-sectional study meticulously planned & conducted for a period of one year. Among the 76 suspected Carbapenemase Producing Organisms (CPO’s), 42% were Klebsiella spp. followed by Escherichia coli (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24%), Citrobacter spp. (5%) and Proteus spp. (4%). Out of the total isolates 82% of the isolates were confirmed as CPO’s by Carba NP test, whereas 93% by mCIM test. 53% of the total isolates tested were Serine-β-lactamase producers and 41% were Metallo-β-lactamase producers. In conclusion, Carba NP test and mCIM in conjunction with eCIM test could be considered as reliable phenotypic diagnostic methods for carbapenemase detection to guide the clinicians for initiating antibiotic therapy.
Analytical Study of the Skin in Ayurveda
Authors: Sharma Dr. Kanchan
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Human skin is the outer covering of the body and the largest internal organ. Skin diseases are not life-threatening, but scars weaken a person's self-confidence. That is why the incidence has increased general practitioner dermatology cases. But to treat the disease, it is extremely important to get the right information about the affected organ. This review article covers the concept of skin or Twacha in Ayurveda including its Nirukti (Etymology), Sharir Rachana (Anatomy), Sharir Kriya (Physiology), Vikriti (Pathology) described by various Acharyas along with contemporary insights on important topics.
THE EFFECT OF ONLINE EXERCISES ON ADULT FEMALE'S MINDFULNESS, MENTAL WELL-BEING AND BODY IMAGE
Authors: ÖZYILDIRIM Merve , YAMAN Çetin , YAMAN M. Sibel
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of online exercises on mindfulness, mental well-being and body image of adult females. A total of 33 people, 15 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group, participated in the study, which was conducted as a pre-test-post-test control group design. The data was collected by the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), developed by Brown and Ryan (2003) and adapted into Turkish by Özyeşil, Arslan, Kesici, and Deniz (2011); the Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) developed by Warwick and Edinburgh Universities and adapted into Turkish by Keldal (2015); Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) developed by Tylka and WoodBarcalow (2015) and adapted into Turkish by Anlı, Akın, Eker and Özçelik (2015) and Personal Information Form created by the researcher. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test were used. When the findings are examined, a statistically significant difference was found in the mindfulness, mental well-being and body image pre-test-post-test scores of the experimental group. It was determined that this difference was due to the high mean scores of the experimental group. There was no statistically significant difference in the mindfulness, mental well-being and body image pre-test-post-test scores of the control group. As a result; It has been determined that online exercises are effective on adult female's mindfulness, mental well-being and body image.
Two and a half undeservedly forgotten conceptual foundations of rural sociology
Authors: Nikulin A. M. , Trotsuk I. V.
Published: October 2023

Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep ‘rural roots’, agrarian issues have always been somewhat marginal in the national scientific tradition, mainly in its social-scientific branch. Today the situation seems to change due to at least two globally urgent issues - sustainable food-security patterns (agricultural production) and rural social/human capital - which increase both theoretical and practical interest to the heuristic and reform potential of the rural sociology research. To the acknowledged factors of the somewhat marginal status of rural sociology the authors add the fact that not all its conceptual foundations, especially in the national tradition, were identified and systematized. The article presents only two and a half such foundations: agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and, partly, theory of rural-urban continuum (forgotten in its rural half and widely used to explain suburbanization trends). In the first part of the article, the authors reconstruct the historical path of agricultural economics, focusing on its creative adaptation to the specific conditions of rural Russia. At the turn of the 1920s - 1930s, the national and global political-ideological crisis of agricultural economics determined the replacement of its initial German economic-philosophical agrarian approach by the American pragmatic agricultural approach and applied farm management. In the second part of the article, the authors summarize, on the one hand, utopian, political-economic and populist ideas of agrarianism (1); on the other hand, reasons for its fair criticism which did not focus on the utopian ideas of agrarianism (rather on its being an eclectic pragmatic ideology, contradictions between its left and right wings, its negative conservative potential, lack of political experience and decisiveness, and so on). In the third part of the article, the authors reconstruct a more successful life path of the theory of ruralurban continuum, which emphasizes not so much the fundamental differences between rural and urban communities as a spatially extended rural-urban scale of community types differing by size, population density, division of labor, isolation, local solidarity, and so on. This continuum model remains extremely important for the analysis of the social development of contemporary rural areas and should be supplemented by the elements of the theory of peasant economy and cooperation in order to study comprehensively rural social and human capital.
Students’ empathy in the context of extremist risks
Authors: Tupikova V. A. , Gudkova Ya. A. , Ovchinnikov-Lysenko E. G.
Published: October 2023

In unstable conditions, the scale of extremism as a form of illegal actions tends to grow. The statistical decrease in the number of extremist crimes was the result of legislative changes. In the risk group, there are primarily young people from 18 to 30 years old, who are more susceptible to psychological pressure from extremist and terrorist organizations, and especially the student youth, who have already begun to escape from parental control but still did not achieve the full adult responsibility. Public calls for extremist acts are based on various social-psychological mechanisms of influence and aim specifically at this age group. A low level of emotional intelligence, empathy and psychological well-being is essential for entering an extremist environment. In January- February 2022, a survey was conducted to test the hypothesis of a relationship between the level of empathy and propensity to violent extremism. The article presents the results of this survey, such as the lack of direct relationship between the level of empathy and the age. The survey’s unexpected result is that the general level of boys’ empathy is higher than that of girls, and girls are more likely to be extremist when they have a higher level of empathy. Thus, an increasing level of the youth’s empathy seems to be a way to prevent extremist behavior withing a comprehensive program but not a universal strategy for countering youth extremism. The article can become a basis for an effective pedagogical strategy to prevent extremism and to reduce the youths’ risks of being involved in it. The developed approach should take into account the gender peculiarities of empathy, which influence the manifestations of violent extremism.
Personal information security as a social problem
Authors: Tsvyk V. A. , Tsvyk I. V.
Published: October 2023

Informatization of society has led to a set of fundamentally new problems that humanity has not faced throughout the history of its development. These are the challenges of ensuring the information security of man, society, the state and the entire biosphere of our planet. The article considers the key information security issues of the contemporary world. The authors focus on the nature and essence of information, analyze the concept of information security in a wider and narrower interpretations. They argue that the practices of applying information technologies without ensuring the necessary information security significantly increase the likelihood of information threats, primarily the information inequality, the possibility of manipulations, cyber illnesses, computer crimes, information warfare, etc. Artificial intelligence is one of the key elements of the information age, which is already able to analyze, process and classify huge volumes of rapidly changing and extremely heterogeneous data; thus, the widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies becomes an essential factor in ensuring information security. Artificial intelligence can facilitate the free exchange of information, but it can also be used to spread disinformation and fake news. At the same time, the content moderation for information hygiene purposes can be based on the artificial intelligence algorithms. Thus, artificial intelligence technologies can and should serve as a means of ensuring personal information security. This means that security measures must be comprehensive and include not only instrumental and technological but also ideological and cultural measures - educational in nature, providing the appropriate orientation of the individual.
Sociological diagnostics of the historical consciousness of Russians: Request for sustainable development and teaching of sociology
Authors: Kravchenko S. A.
Published: October 2023

The article is a review of the book edited by M.K. Gorshkov Historical Consciousness of Russians: Assessments of the Past, Memory, and Symbols (Sociological Measurement) (Moscow: Ves Mir, 2022. 248 p.). The author identifies the key characteristics of the theoretical-methodological tools of this sociological diagnostics: analysis of civil identity through the national-state symbols; identification of specific features of the historical memory of social, regional and generational groups about the significant achievements of society and the state; representativeness of the sociological data provided by a multi-stage stratified sample. The article describes seven most significant characteristics of the historical consciousness of Russians as factors strengthening the civil identity and the country’s sustainable development. The author argues that the book has both theoretical and practical significance due to being based on a comprehensive multi-aspect analysis of the historical consciousness and to providing grounds for a national strategy for sustainable development and for new approaches to teaching sociologists. The author makes some proposals of courses that would help younger generations of sociologists to develop critical thinking, historical consciousness, and sociological imagination.
On the benefits of mythologies for sociological imagination
Authors: Trotsuk I. V. , Tsimbal M. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is a sociological review-reflection on the non-sociological book by P.A. Sapronov Mythology of Secular Culture (Saint Petersburg: Publishing House “Petropolis”, 2023. 380 pp.) and aims at proving the usefulness of ex-disciplinary reading for understanding one’s subject field. From the title of the book, it is obvious that it is interesting for the sociological reader for at least two reasons. First, secularization is clearly a sociological topic associated with the origins of our discipline, and secular culture/society is an undeniable object of sociological analysis. Second, the concept ‘myth’ has an ambiguous status in sociology: on the one hand, it is a generally recognized attribute of any archaic/ancient culture/society; on the other hand, today the word ‘myth’ has a rather metaphorical connotation, thus, serving as synonym for other concepts (ideology, misconceptions of mass consciousness, non-religious cults, common journalistic images, etc.). Although the book is declared as a course of lectures, it is rather a detailed monographic narrative that does not meet the formal requirements for the declared genre: the book does not have an introduction, footnotes or references - only a summary of the author’s theses in the conclusion and numerous references to relevant authors, concepts, examples and discussions in all three sections - “Myth and its variations” (historical transformations of the mythological), “Mythologems of secular culture” (progress, individualism, great man, freedom, revolution, religion in secular culture and nationalism) and “On the necessity and possibility of overcoming myth in secular culture” (prospects for demythologization on the paths of science, philosophy and theology).
EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT KULIT NANAS (Ananas Comosus) N-HEKSANA TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ATCC 25923
Authors: Sitepu Nadilla , Rahman Ave Olivia , Puspasari Anggelia
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: Infectious diseases are generally treated using antibiotics and chloramphenicol is one of the main choice. However, it causes several side effects. Pineapple skin is thought to contain alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids which are believed to have antibacterial activity. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of n-hexane exctract of pineapple peel on antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: In this study, we used fresh Pineapple skin that dried, powdered and macerated with n-hexane with ratio 1:10 ml extract were dried by rotary evaporator. A paper disc size 6 mm were soaked in the extract for 15 minutes, then ready to tested. Chloramphenicol as a positive control and n-hexane as a negative control. Antibacterial activity of extract against Staphylococcus aureus were tested by disk-diffussion method. Results: The results of the qualitative phytochemical test of pineapple peel extract of n-hexane showed positive for alkaloids and tannins, and negatif for terpenoid. There were no antibacterial activity of 100% n-hexane extract of pineapple skin against Staphylococcus aureus. While the positive control using chloramphenicol obtained an average clear zone diameter of 22.63 mm which is included in the very strong category. Conclusions: It concluded n-hexane extract of pineapple peel have no antibacterial activity  against Staphylococcus aureus.

Keywords: pineapple peels extract, Staphylococcus aureus, N-hexane

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi umumnya diobati dengan antibiotik dan kloramfenikol merupakan salah satu pilihan utama. Namun, hal tersebut menyebabkan beberapa efek samping. Kulit nanas diduga mengandung alkaloid, tanin, dan terpenoid yang dipercaya memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak n-heksana kulit nanas terhadap aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Metode: Pada penelitian ini menggunakan kulit nanas segar yang dikeringkan, diserbukkan dan dimaserasi dengan n-heksana dengan perbandingan ekstrak 1:10 yang dikeringkan dengan rotary evaporator. Kertas cakram ukuran 6 mm direndam dalam ekstrak selama 15 menit, kemudian siap untuk diuji. Menggunakan kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif dan n-heksana sebagai kontrol negatif. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus diuji dengan metode difusi cakram. Hasil: Hasil uji fitokimia kualitatif ekstrak kulit nanas n-heksana menunjukkan positif alkaloid dan tanin, dan negatif untuk terpenoid. Tidak ada aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak n-heksana 100% kulit nanas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Sedangkan kontrol positif menggunakan kloramfenikol diperoleh rata-rata diameter zona bening sebesar 22,63 mm yang termasuk dalam kategori sangat kuat. Kesimpulan: Disimpulkan ekstrak n-heksana kulit nanas tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.

Kata kunci: Ekstrak kulit nanas, Staphylococcus aureus, N-heksana
GAMBARAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN FAKTOR RISIKO PREEKLAMPSIA DI PUSKESMAS KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017-2021
Authors: Izza Nurul , Kusdiyah Erny , Maharani Citra
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: Preeclampsia characterized by hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation and increased levels of proteinuria. This disease is very burdensome to the fetus and mother in terms of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of preeclampsia. Methods: This research used a descriptive qualitative research method at the Jambi City’s Health Center located in Kebun Handil, Paal V, Pakuan Baru, Payoselincah, Putri Ayu, Rawasari, and Tahtul Yaman. The studied sample was 49 respondents obtained through purposive sampling. Results: In the characteristics of preeclampsia, the dominant results were the diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and positive proteinuria. While the risk factors for preeclampsia, the dominating results were gestational age ≥34 weeks, maternal age not at risk, parity not at risk, no history of hypertension, not suffering from diabetes mellitus, obesity class 1, irregular ANC visits, low risk education, and housewives. Conclusion: Preeclampsia at the Jambi City Health Center in 2017-2021 was more common in pregnant women with the characteristics of severe preeclampsia and positive proteinuria. Based on risk factors, more mothers were accompanied by a gestational age of 34 weeks, maternal age was not at risk, parity was not at risk, no history of hypertension, no diabetes mellitus, obesity class 1, irregular ANC visits, low risk education, and housewives.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Jambi.

 

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Preeklampsia ditandai dengan hipertensi setelah usia kehamilan 20 minggu serta meningkatnya kadar proteinuria.Penyakit ini sangat membebani fetal dan maternal secara morbiditas dan mortalitas. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Kota Jambi yang bertempat di Kebun Handil, Paal V, Pakuan Baru, Payoselincah, Putri Ayu, Rawasari, dan Tahtul Yaman. Sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 49 responden yang didapatkan lewat purposive sampling. Hasil: Pada karakteristik preeklampsia, hasil yang mendominasi ialah diagnosis preeklampsia berat dan proteinuria positif. Sedangkan pada faktor risiko preeklampsia, hasil yang mendominasi ialah usia kehamilan ≥34 Minggu, usia ibu tidak berisiko, paritas tidak berisiko, tidak ada riwayat hipertensi, tidak menderita diabetes melitus, obesitas kelas 1, kunjungan ANC tidak teratur, pendidikan berisiko rendah, dan ibu rumah tangga. Kesimpulan: Preeklampsia di Puskesmas Kota Jambi Tahun 2017-2021 lebih banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan karakteristik preeklampsia berat dan proteinuria positif. Berdasarkan faktor risiko,  ibu hamil lebih banyak disertai dengan usia kehamilan ≥34 Minggu, usia ibu tidak berisiko, paritas tidak berisiko, tidak ada riwayat hipertensi, tidak ada menderita diabetes melitus, obesitas kelas 1, kunjungan ANC tidak teratur, pendidikan berisiko rendah, dan ibu rumah tangga.

Kata kunci: Preeklampsia, Kehamilan, Jambi.
Use of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling to inform antimalarial dose optimisation in infants
Authors: Banda Clifford , Tarning Joel , Barnes Karen
Published: October 2023

Infants bear a significant malaria burden but are usually excluded from
participating in early dose optimisation studies that inform dosing
regimens of antimalarial therapy. Unlike older children, infants’
exclusion from early-phase trials has resulted in limited evidence to
guide accurate dosing of antimalarial treatment for uncomplicated
malaria or malaria preventive treatment in this vulnerable population.
Subsequently, doses used in infants are often extrapolated from older
children or adults, with the potential for under or overdosing.
Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling, a
quantitative methodology that applies mathematical and statistical
techniques, can aid the design of clinical studies in infants that
collect sparse pharmacokinetic data as well as support the analysis of
such data to derive optimised antimalarial dosing in this complex and
at-risk yet understudied subpopulation. In this review, we reflect on
what PK-PD modelling can do in programmatic settings of most
malaria-endemic areas and how it can be used to inform antimalarial dose
optimisation for preventive and curative treatment of uncomplicated
malaria in infants. We outline key developmental physiological changes
that affect drug exposure in early life, the challenges of conducting
dose optimisation studies in infants, and examples of how PK-PD
modelling has previously informed antimalarial dose optimisation in this
subgroup. Additionally, we have discussed the limitations and gaps of
PK-PD modelling when used for dose optimisation in infants and best
practices for using population PK-PD methods in this subgroup.