bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hand hygiene: knowledge, attitude and practices among mothers of under 5 children attending a tertiary care hospital in North India
Authors: Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Singh Parveen , Rani Renu , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Chandini , Gupta Riya
Published: February 2018

Background: Hand hygiene remains the most cost effective strategy in prevention of health care associated infections as it may limit or completely stop the transmission of microorganisms. Poor hand hygiene practices, especially of the mothers of under five children are likely to pose a major threat to the health of their children. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of under-five mothers visiting an outpatient department in a tertiary teaching care hospital in North India.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 mothers who were attending with their under five children in paediatrics OPD of Government Medical College, Jammu. A self-administered questionnaire which was pilot tested was administered to the consenting mothers. The questionnaire consisted of socio demographic information followed by knowledge, attitudes and practices of the respondents about hand washing.Results: Knowledge about spread of disease was excellent among the respondents. Other knowledge parameters like responsibility of mother to ensure proper hand washing among children and long nails can spread bacteria were better among the urban mothers (p<0.05). Similarly attitudes of the urban mothers were found to be more favourable especially about towel sharing and teaching children about proper hand washing (p<0.05). Practices like usage of soap and water after defecation were found to be excellent among both the urban and rural respondents. However higher proportion of urban females reminded their children about hand washing before and after eating (p<0.05).Conclusions: The study results reveal a better knowledge, attitude and practices among urban mothers in comparison to their rural counterparts. This necessitates community awareness generation regarding hand hygiene, more so in rural mothers, so that many communicable diseases which could be transmitted by improper hand hygiene are taken care of.
A study on complementary feeding practices among mothers in urban and rural areas
Authors: Javalkar Sandhya Rani , Aras Radha Y.
Published: February 2018

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure the growth, health, and development of children to their full potential. Complementary feeding is a process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed, along with breast milk. The objective was to study complementary feeding practices and the various factors influencing them in urban and rural areas.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Urban and Rural area of Mangalore Taluk. Data was collected by interview method among 408 mothers using a predesigned pretested questionnaire, information regarding demographic profile, socio-economic status, complementary feeding practices, etc was collected.Results: As many as 186 (45.3%) i.e., 129/186 (69.3%) mothers in the rural area and 57/186 (30.6%) mothers in urban area started complementary feeds at the age of 6 months. The most common food preferred as complementary food was combination of rice and dal together. The number of meals per day given to the child varied from 2-4/day. The number of snacks given per day to the child varied from 1-4 /day; commonly preferred snacks were Biscuits both in urban and rural areas Bottle feeding was practiced by 181 (44.4%) of the mothers, that included 113/181 (62.4%) from rural area and 68/181 (37.5%) from urban area.Conclusions: Poor complementary feeding practices were observed both in rural and urban areas. Family member’s advice, poor knowledge and influence of baby food marketing strategies have resulted in inappropriate practices.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of food hygiene among street food vendors near a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata, India
Authors: Mukherjee Saswati , Mondal Tushar Kanti , De Abhishek , Misra Raghunath , Pal Amitabha
Published: February 2018

Background: Health care set ups in Indian cities are being catered by a number of street food vendors on whom the patients, visitors, doctors, medical students and staff depend. Thus, ensuring proper food hygiene among them is of uttermost importance. The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of food hygiene among them and various factors that influence it.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 106 street food vendors surrounding a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. A predesigned pretested schedule was used to collect information on socio-demographic profile, knowledge and attitude on food hygiene through interviews and practice was observed. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s Chi-squared test.Results: The mean age of food vendors was 37.74±10.70 years and majority were familiar with the terms “food hygiene” and “food borne illness”. The median score of attitude on food hygiene was 9.5 and significant (p<0.05) association was found with age, gender and education. Less than one third of street food vendors had acceptable practice and significant (p<0.05) association was found with education, marital status and type of food vendor.Conclusions: The street food vendors were aware of food hygiene and had favourable attitude towards it, but it wasn’t translated in their hygiene practice. This study can help to identify the factors that influence food hygiene practice and incorporate them in food hygiene training.
Anatomical variations in patients with chronic sinusitis
Authors: Kumarasekaran Pragadeeswaran , Yadhava krishnan Rajprakash Dharmapuri , Sriraman Gurumani
Published: February 2018

Background: Chronic sinusitis is repeated bouts of acute infection or persistent inflammation of the sinuses. The range of anatomic variants that can interfere with the mucociliary drainage of osteomeatal complex including concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, uncinate process variations, ethmoid bulla, paradoxical middle turbinate, agger nasi and Haller cells. This is also important in surgeon point of view to know about detail knowledge of lateral nasal wall, paranasal sinuses, surrounding vital structures and anatomical variation.

Methods: Observational case series study in which 90 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis patients attending the ENT outpatient department from November-2015 to November-2016 in Shri Sathya Sai Medical college and Hospital, who had chronic sinusitis for more than three months duration not responding to the medical line treatment and who are willing to undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery are studied and statistically analysed.  

Results: In our study we found anatomical variation in 93% of chronic sinusitis patients. In our study it was observed that 52% of patients with two anatomical variation, 41% patients presented with single anatomical variation and 7% patients presented with no anatomical variation. In our study deviated nasal septum was the most common anatomical variant noted followed by unilateral concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process, paradoxical middle turbinate, haller cell and agger nasi.

Conclusions: In our study it was concluded that presence of anatomical variations is common in patients with chronic sinusitis. Presence of more than one anatomical variations significantly contributes to disease process. Deviated nasal septum is the most common anatomical variation in our study followed by concha bullosa, medialized uncinate process.
Our experience of auricular hematoma treatment in wrestlers
Authors: Kirdak Vilas R. , Chintale Sambhaji G. , Shaikh Kaleem , Jatale Sonali
Published: February 2018

Background: Traditional Indian wrestlers, in contrast to wrestlers outside do not routinely wear protective head gear. So they are at increased risk of recurrent auricular hematoma, often resulting in sever auricular deformity like cauliflower ear or hematoma of ear.

Methods: This is retrospective study of analysing 40 cases of auricular hematoma in Wrestlers evaluating treatment and outcome in all cases carried out in our institute at JIIUS IIMSR, Warudi, Badnapur, Jalna over period from September 2014 to September 2017 surgical technique used was incision drainage and mattress suture.  

Results: The study material comprised of 40 cases all being wrestlers of auricular hematoma using the incision and drainage technique with mattress suture of pinna. All the wrestler were male as the game is predominantly played among men’s in India the average age of patient study was 26 yrs range between 16 to 35 yrs. 16 wrestlers had very bad cauliflowering of the both ear after earlier treatment while 4 patient had cauliflowering of one ear before being seen us for the new auricular hematoma. 8 patients develop second hematoma on the same ear at different location after receiving the treatment after six month while 6 of the patient developed hematoma on the opposite site ear after six month of treatment.

Conclusions: In the management of auricular hematoma in sport person like wrestler’s simple incision and drainage followed by mattress suture without any pressure bandage with antibiotic application appears to be prompt treatment.
Correlation between degree of hearing loss and intraoperative findings in tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Dudda Ravi , Rangaiah Sowmya Tumkur , Prasad M. Hanumantha , Balaji Nagavara Kalegowda
Published: February 2018

Background: The aim of tympanoplasty done for tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) should not only be to achieve a dry ear, but also to give hearing improvement to the patient. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between size and site of tympanic membrane perforation with degree of hearing loss and correlation between ossicular chain status and degree of hearing loss on pure tone audiometry.

Methods: Patients with tubotympanic CSOM with hearing loss upto 60 dBHL undergoing tympanoplasty were examined to know the site and size of tympanic membrane(TM) perforation. Intraoperative findings pertaining to middle ear and ossicles were noted.  

Results: Out of 52 patients of tubotympanic type of CSOM, hearing loss was least (31.18±7.46 dBHL) in small perforations of the TM and highest in subtotal perforations (48.74±7.83 dBHL) which was statistically significant. Hearing loss was significantly more in posterior perforation (46.61±7.02 dBHL) than in anterior perforation of TM (32.65±8.77 dBHL). There was a statistically significant difference in pure tone average hearing loss between intact ossicle group (32.87±9.77 dBHL) and eroded ossicle group (43.39±9.60dBHL). Difference in air bone gap was also significant between intact ossicle group (24.09±9.56 dB) and eroded ossicle group (31.02±9.83 dB). Multiple ossicles were eroded in nineteen patients with incus being the most commonly eroded ossicle.

Conclusions: In this study, hearing loss increased with increased size of TM perforation and also with posterior perforation. Incus was found to be the most commonly eroded ossicle. Multiple ossicles were seen eroded most commonly when hearing loss was moderate. The surgeon will be better equipped to do ossiculoplasty in view of these preoperative findings and also to counsel the patient better about their expectation of hearing improvement following surgery. 
A clinical study of epistaxis
Authors: Sampigethya Sawanth , Cherian Elizabeth , Pratap Deepika , Mani Ivan , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas
Published: February 2018

Background: Epistaxis is one the common emergencies in Oto-rhino-laryngology. It may occur in any age and in either gender. Cause of epistaxis range from simple self-limiting condition to more sinister malignancy which needs a radical approach. Hence, one should evaluate these patients appropriately and identify the cause to treat them accordingly. The present work was undertaken with the aim of studying the demographic profile of patients with epistaxis, its causes and management.

Methods: The present study consisted of 60 patients who came with complaint of epistaxis. The patient’s detailed history was obtained. Detailed systemic examination and ENT examination was performed on patients in the study. Patients were investigated and treated as per the standard hospital protocol.  

Results: Out of the total 60 cases of epistaxis, 65% were males and 35% were females. Most of our cases were aged more than 50 years (31.7%) with mean age of 38.56 years. Most common etiology of epistaxis in present study was hypertension (20%), followed by acute rhino-sinusitis (15%). Commonest cause in children was deviated nasal septum and acute rhinosinusitis while in young adults, trauma was the common cause. Most common cause in elderly was hypertension. Medical management was done in most of the cases (65%) while anterior and posterior packing was done in 20% and 10% cases respectively. Three cases underwent electro-cauterization of bleeding point.

Conclusions: Epistaxis can be seen in anyage. However the etiology of this condition varies with age. Understanding of the etiology helps in better evaluation and treatment of the case. 
Descriptive Analysis of Writing Composition from the Ideas to the Paragraph
Authors: Nurrohmah Titik
Published: February 2018

What are the ways to discover the ideas to write? How to organize the ideas into the paragraph? To answer these questions, the writer conducted a qualitative research that the object of the research is writing composition on the discovering the ideas and organize it into paragraph. The writer used descriptive method. For obtaining the data, the writer used library method as the instrument and used secondary sources that constituted secondhand information, such as reference book. Meanwhile, in analyzing the data, the writer used an expository writing. There were several ways in discovering ideas as the result of this study. Those included remembering experience, getting people opinion about particular subject by giving evidence, finding a great deal by asking other people about their experience and going to the library to get any ideas. Whereas, to organize the ideas into paragraph, someone has to do some steps, such as selecting a subject, planning a composition and making an outline.Keywords: Writing Composition; Idea;  Paragraph
A Pragmatic Analysis and Sociological Perspective on Pearl S Buck’s The Good Earth
Authors: Santosa Rochmat Budi
Published: February 2018

This paper observes the struggle for life of East Asia people that was portrayed in the novel The Good Earth. The Good Earth is also portrayal of a true account experienced by its author, Pearl S Buck. She got inspiration from the life of farmer in China. She wrote this novel using the original name as the main character.  Those names are Wang Lung and O Lan. They are couple and their life is on farm. The objectives of this study are to find the pragmatic and sociological aspects of the Novel. This research applies content analysis approach to understand the pragmatic and sociological life in Chinese society, especially in the novel. The finding of the study shows that the utterances in the novel reflect various speech acts i.e. expressive, assertive, commisive, persuasive, directive, and phatic. In the sociological aspect, the life of rural people in Chine is somewhat similar with that of in Indonesia. Otherwise, rural people have life style in common i.e. working hard, struggle for life, defending their belonging, and loving the nature. Keywords: pragmatic analysis; sociological perspective; Good Earth.
Authors: Hermans Emilie
Published: February 2018

The emerging of research data management (RDM) as a mature part of the research lifecycle, provides a major challenge for research organizations. It gives rise to the need for solid research data services (RDS) to be developed. In the university-wide efforts being deployed in the realization of these services, an academic library can appeal to its expertise in information management to provide a valuable contribution to the discussions. As the context academic libraries operate in varies, the roles it can take upon itself in the process might differ, as working collaboratively with other stakeholders is an essential part in the complex matter of RDM.This paper analyses the contribution of the academic library of Ghent University (Belgium) to research data management services in the wider institutional context. It explores the hybrid RDM services model employed to encompassing both universitywide and decentralized initiatives.Current emphases in the RDM program at Ghent University is on the development of consultative RDS.The starting point for the University of Ghent’s academic library to commit to the development of RDS lay not, in the first place in the new demands from funders in regards to data management planning but stems from a longstanding tradition of providing access to information which reflects in their mission statement: ”Facilitating open knowledge creation”. In this paper we hope to provide an example of what the role of a research library can be, reveal its possible strengths (involving a diverse range of stakeholders and expertise, achieving goals through cooperation) and how it tried avoiding pitfalls (a pragmatic view rather than a top-down approach to facilitate researchers need and combining autonomous domain-specific initiatives and central services, reflecting the institutional context).
The Use of Avatars in Gender Segregated Online Learning Within MOOCs in Saudi Arabia - A Rwaq Case Study
Authors: Adham Raniah , Parslow Pat , Dimitriadi Yota , Lundqvist Karsten Øster
Published: February 2018

In Saudi Arabia, gender-segregation is a known issue within higher education that often deprives female tutors from providing online learning and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). As well, students may not be getting the benefit of their experience and teaching. The purpose of this study is to develop an Avatar tool to represent a female tutor in a MOOC course with the aim of alleviating the issues of a gender-segregated society in online learning. This project will undertake and analyse a case study concerning the experience of females teaching a MOOC course on “Rwaq” the first Saudi Arabian platform, which was launched in September 2013. The literature on gender-segregation and education technology is reviewed. As an example, gender-segregated in higher education and online learning in Saudi Arabia, Virtual Learning Environments (VLE), Avatar technology in higher education, and finally the adoption of an Avatar tool in MOOCs platforms in SA are examined. One of the objectives of the study is to develop a social interaction environment with learners in online learning within MOOCs. The ultimate objective of this study is to examine if this Avatar tool could alleviate issues of gender-segregation for female lecturers in online learning courses within MOOCs in higher education in Saudi Arabia.
The Healthfulness of Entrées and Students' Purchases in a University Campus Dining Environment
Authors: Leischner Krista , McCormack Lacey , Britt Brian , Heiberger Greg , Kattelmann Kendra
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to determine the availability of "more healthful" (MH) versus "less healthful" (LH) entrée items in the campus dining and if students' purchases are reflective of what is offered. This is an observational study in which students' purchases of the available entrée items in the campus dining at a Midwestern university in one academic year were collected and categorized as either MH or LH according to the American Heart Association guidelines. Chi-square tests were used to determine the differences between the proportion of purchased MH and LH versus those available. Odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence limits were used to determine the associations between the demographics and MH and LH purchases. Of the total entrée items available, 15.0% were MH and 85.0% were LH. In the fall, 8.0% of purchases were MH and 92.0% purchases were LH as compared to 8.9% MH and 91.1% LH in the spring. Whites were less likely than non-whites to purchase a MH entrée. Females were two times more likely to choose MH entrées than males. The campus dining offerings and students' purchases of entrees were primarily LH. Work with campus dining providers to create profitable, yet healthful, dining entrees is needed to improve the healthfulness of entrée offerings.
Tutorial on EM Algorithm
Authors: Nguyen Loc
Published: February 2018

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a popular method for parameter estimation in both applied probability and statistics but MLE cannot solve the problem of incomplete data or hidden data because it is impossible to maximize likelihood function from hidden data. Expectation maximum (EM) algorithm is a powerful mathematical tool for solving this problem if there is a relationship between hidden data and observed data. Such hinting relationship is specified by a mapping from hidden data to observed data or by a joint probability between hidden data and observed data. In other words, the relationship helps us know hidden data by surveying observed data. The essential ideology of EM is to maximize the expectation of likelihood function over observed data based on the hinting relationship instead of maximizing directly the likelihood function of hidden data. Pioneers in EM algorithm proved its convergence. As a result, EM algorithm produces parameter estimators as well as MLE does. This tutorial aims to provide explanations of EM algorithm in order to help researchers comprehend it.
Structural and Functional Characterization of RNA-binding Site of Rev and Rev-Response-Element RNA Complex via All Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Ul-Haq Zaheer , Ali Nizakat , Al-Agamy Mohamed H. , Barakat Assem
Published: February 2018

Nuclear export of viral mRNAs, is an essential step in the HIV replication cycle. This role is played by a small regulatory protein of HIV-1 called Rev.The N-terminal region of Rev contains an arginine-rich sequence. The arginine-rich motif (ARM) is located between amino acids 38-50 and forms an alpha-helical secondary structure. Expression of the structural proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires the direct interaction of multiple copies of the viral Rev protein with its highly structured RNA target sequence, the Rev Response element (RRE). The major viral proteins are not produced if this transport of RNA is stopped. Therefore, knowledge of Rev structure is essential for understanding of its cooperative binding to the RRE, for understanding the mechanism of HIV infection and for the development of antiviral drugs that interfere with Rev’s essential functions and for acknowledgment of good candidate drugs for treatment of AIDS. To understand how REV interact with RRE element of HIV-RNA and its formation of oligomeric complex it is better to characterize the domain wise structure of REV with regard in function of each domain. Due to lack of structural data on Rev no single compound is reported as inhibitor of REV expect antiviral drugs. Identification of a high-affinity RNA-binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev Protein is much more important. The ARM is a highly specific sequence which allows for the multimerization of Rev and also binding of REV with RNA. Here we are first time exploring the structural characteristics of REV protein both in free form and in complex with RNA at domain function level especially explore the role of ARM motif in REV HIV-1 protein as RNA binding sites by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and homology modeling studies. Results indicate that the arginine-rich motif (ARM) is crucial in stability of this complex. The residues ARG38, 39, 41, 43, 44, 48, 50, and ASN40 are most interacting with nucleobases of RRE in Crystal structure of Rev and Rev-response-element RNA complex. Our study plays a major role in elaboration of binding of RNA with REV and pave the way for further investigation for therapeutically agent for HIV.
Automation of sedimentation test
Authors: Turlej T.
Published: February 2018

This paper reports on the development of an automated method to perform sedimentation tests on a suspension, to study the settling and sedimentation behaviour of particle suspension. The standard method for measuring sedimentation rate is the jar test, but this is burdened with some errors: the possibility of misinterpretation of the interface or subjective readings by technicians. In order to overcome these problems, there are many different methods that exclude subjective mistakes. The proposed solution automatically detects the phase separation boundary and, by use of a moving camera, plots the real-time sedimentation curve. The good agreement of settling curves between the manual method, another CCD image processing method and the current technique demonstrates the reliability of the system. This system can be used for testing different types of suspensions. The article presents a comparison of the commonly used method of image analysis and the proposed solution with a tracking camera, based on the example of a coal suspension.
Activity assessment of microalgal-bacterial consortia based on respirometric tests
Authors: Rossi S. , Bellucci M. , Marazzi F. , Mezzanotte V. , Ficara E.
Published: February 2018

Respirometric techniques are useful tools to evaluate bacterial activities in activated sludge processes due to their fast execution and the possibility to obtain several kinetic parameters from a single test. Using such techniques in microalgae-bacteria consortia treating wastewater could allow a better understanding of mutual interactions between the microbial populations as a function of environmental parameters. This work aims at developing and testing a novel experimental respirometric protocol to determine oxygen uptake rates and oxygen production rates by a microalgae-bacteria consortium. The defined protocol is characterized by alternating light/dark regimes and by dosing substrates/inhibitors to selectively activate/inactivate microalgal and bacterial metabolisms. The protocol was then applied on microalgal and bacterial consortia, which were grown on the liquid fraction of black water from biogas plants fed on agricultural and municipal waste sludge. Results elucidate the presence and activity of microalgae and nitrifying bacteria in the tested systems, suggesting that the respirometric tests could be included into monitoring procedures of photobioreactors/algal ponds.
Retrofit de Painéis Elétricos de um Hospital da Região Serrana com Adequação à NR-10.
Authors: Rodrigues Jose Henrique Moreira , Ferreira Alex Franco , De Carvalho José Thomaz , Campista Ferraz Rodrigo De Souza
Published: February 2018

O Retrofit é o processo de modernização de algum equipamento já considerado ultrapassado ou fora de norma. O projeto tem como fundamento a adequação de um painél elétrico de força e comando de uma instalação industrial, com o intuito  de normatizá-lo de acordo com a NR 10, que diz respeito a Segurança em Instalações e Serviços em Eletricidade. Para adequação proposta, realizou-se inicialmente um estudo das normas vigentes sobre o tema, elaborou-se então um check-list para levantamento das substituições de equipamentos necessárias e por fim um relatório justificando detalhadamente cada item necessário à substituição. As modificações então realizadas foram executadas visando a segurança e eficiência de energia elétrica das instalações com aplicação da NR 10 e posteriormente a proposta execução do Retrofit foi aplicada à outros painéis de mesmas características e especificações técnicas. Conclui-se que o sistema elétrico do local estudado ficará normatizado de acordo com as Leis Vigentes e conforme a NR 10, trazendo maior segurança, confiança e eficiência. O trabalho serve de referência par aplicação das adequações de forma satisfatória em  outros painéis elétricos da mesma instalação.
An LC-MS/MS Method for Synchronous Determination of Paclitaxel and Curcumin: Development, Validation, and Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Qiu Kaifeng , Liu Chunxia , Shi Yonghui , Yu Xiaoxia , Chen Guanghui , Wu Junyan , Li Guocheng , Lv Li
Published: February 2018

Background:

A chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was first established and
validated for the synchronous determination of curcumin(CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) in this study.

Objective: An LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Paclitaxel and Curcumin.

Methods:

The analytes were extracted with methanol, and docetaxel was used as the internal standard
(IS). The analytes and the IS were separated on a C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) column with a mobile
phase of 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol (80:20, v/v). The flow velocity of the mobile phase
was 0.5 mL/min. And then, the method was applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of CUR and
PTX in rats.

Results:

The calibration curves were linear within the concentration ranges of 2–1000 ng/mL for PTX
and 5–500 ng/mL for CUR, the mean extraction recoveries and matrix effects of PTX, CUR, and the IS
were within an acceptable range. The apparent volume of distribution of PTX was different between the
group of administration of PTX and the group of co-administration with CUR and PTX.

Conclusion:

A sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was
established and validated for the synchronous determination of PTX and CUR in rat plasma, CUR increased
the apparent volume of distribution of PTX when CUR and PTX were co-administered.
Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System
Authors: Juarez Juliana M. , Cussa Jorgelina , Gomez Costa Marcos B. , Anunziata Oscar A.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs
in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving
therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity.

Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems
due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity.

Methods:

Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and
loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR,
TGA, TEM and textural analyses.

Results:

We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material.
The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release
rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration
within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that
need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO
(KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets.

Conclusion:

The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models
used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The
predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.
„Zdrowa doktryna” jako podstawa jedności chrześcijan w Listach Pasterskich
Authors: Zbroja Bogdan
Published: February 2018

„Zdrowa doktryna” obecna w Listach Pasterskich zawiera najbardziej wspólnototwórczy i umacniający komunię osób element pouczenia autora natchnionego skierowanego do dwóch przełożonych Kościoła: Tymoteusza i Tytusa. Obaj mają za zadanie dbać o „zdrowe zasady” postępowania ludzi sobie powierzonych, o czystą naukę, która nie błądząc po sprawach małej wagi, ukazuje najistotniejsze cele w ludzkim życiu, oraz o wzbudzanie wiary w Chrystusa i Jego królestwo. Tekst artykułu podzielony został na trzy paragrafy obejmujące „zdrowe”: διδασκαλία – całość nauczania moralnego, λόγος – słowa, przy pomocy których głosi się prawdę o zbawieniu, oraz πίστις – wiarę, jaką niezanieczyszczoną przekazuje się i jednocześnie wzbudza w bliźnim. Stanowią one łącznie jedyną „zdrową doktrynę” Kościoła apostolskiego umocnioną przez natchnienie Boże.
Association of Social Media Presence with Online Physician Ratings and Surgical Volume Among California Urologists: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Houman Justin , Weinberger James , Caron Ashley , Hannemann Alex , Zaliznyak Michael , Patel Devin , Moradzadeh Ariel , Daskivich Timothy J
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Urologists are increasingly using various forms of social media to promote their professional practice and attract patients. Currently, the association of social media on a urologists’ practice is unknown.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to determine whether social media presence is associated with higher online physician ratings and surgical volume among California urologists.

METHODS

We sampled 195 California urologists who were rated on the ProPublica Surgeon Scorecard website. We obtained information on professional use of online social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, blog, and YouTube) in 2014 and defined social media presence as a binary variable (yes/no) for use of an individual platform or any platform. We collected data on online physician ratings across websites (Yelp, Healthgrades, Vitals, RateMD, and UCompareHealthcare) and calculated the mean physician ratings across all websites as an average weighted by the number of reviews. We then collected data on surgical volume for radical prostatectomy from the ProPublica Surgeon Scorecard website. We used multivariable linear regression to determine the association of social media presence with physician ratings and surgical volume.

RESULTS

Among our sample of 195 urologists, 62 (32%) were active on some form of social media. Social media presence on any platform was associated with a slightly higher mean physician rating (β coefficient: .3; 95% CI 0.03-0.5; P=.05). However, only YouTube was associated with higher physician ratings (β coefficient: .3; 95% CI 0.2-0.5; P=.04). Social media presence on YouTube was strongly associated with increased radical prostatectomy volume (β coefficient: 7.4; 95% CI 0.3-14.5; P=.04). Social media presence on any platform was associated with increased radical prostatectomy volume (β coefficient: 7.1; 95% CI –0.7 to 14.2; P=.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Urologists’ use of social media, especially YouTube, is associated with a modest increase in physician ratings and prostatectomy volume. Although a majority of urologists are not currently active on social media, patients may be more inclined to endorse and choose subspecialist urologists who post videos of their surgical technique.
Designing web-based learning opportunities for children related to health care (Preprint)
Authors: Lööf Gunilla , Andersson-Papadogiannakis Nina , Karlgren Klas , Silén Charlotte
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Hospitalisation is a significant and stressful experience for children and parents which may
cause both short-term and long-term negative consequences. Web-based preparation programmes to reduce these stressful experiences that encompass children’s learning processes should help information exchange and understanding. The Anaesthesia-Web was created to meet the needs of children and parents when preparing for anaesthesia and surgery.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to elucidate key educational principles when designing web-sites for children and parents in the health care context.

METHODS

A directed qualitative content analysis was applied to illuminate and explain prerequisites for learning on the Anaesthesia-Web. The educational concepts of pre-understanding, motivation, learning processes and the outcome of learning were used to analyse the learning possibilities of the Anaesthesia-Web for children prior to contact with health care.

RESULTS

Four themes characterising children´s learning opportunities on the Anaesthesia-Web were found in the analysis: "In charge of my own learning"; "Discover and play"; "Recognise and identify” and "Getting feedback". The analysis showed that the Anaesthesia-Web offers children control and enables use of the web-site based on interest and ability. This is important in terms of motivation and each child’s individual pre-understanding. Through discovery and play children can receive, process, and apply the information on the Anaesthesia-Web cognitively, emotionally and by active participation. Play stimulates motivation and is very important in the child’s learning process. When facing hospitalisation, children need to develop trust, and feel safe so that they can focus on learning. On the Anaesthesia-Web children can recognise situations and feelings and can find someone with whom to identify. Several features on the web-site promote feedback which is necessary to judge the learning achievements, confirm understanding and the need for repetition.

CONCLUSIONS

Web-based preparation programs are important health care learning resources for children and parents. Content and design need to change from simply providing information to embracing the importance of the child’s need to process information to learn and fully understand. By developing web-based preparation programs that include educational principles, web-based technology can be used to its fullest advantage as a health care learning resource for children and parents. The four educational themes described in this study should help future similar website developments.
Hepatic F-Box Protein FBXW7 Maintains Glucose Homeostasis Through Degradation of Fetuin-A
Authors: Zhao Jiejie , Xiong Xuelian , Li Yao , Liu Xing , Wang Tao , Zhang Hong , Jiao Yang , Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Huijie , Tang Qiqun , Gao Xin , Li Xuejun , Lu Yan , Liu Bin , Hu Cheng , Li Xiaoying
Published: February 2018

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most serious and long-term threats to human health. However, the molecular mechanism that links obesity to insulin resistance remains largely unknown. Here, we show that F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is markedly downregulated in the liver of two obese mouse models and obese human subjects. We further identify a functional low-frequency human FBXW7 coding variant (p.Ala204Thr) in the Chinese population, which is associated with elevated blood glucose and T2DM risk. Notably, mice with liver-specific knockout of FBXW7 develop hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance even on a normal chow diet. Conversely, overexpression of FBXW7 in the liver not only prevents the development of high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance but also attenuates the disease signature of obese mice. Mechanistically, FBXW7 directly binds to hepatokine fetuin-A to induce its ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, comprising an important mechanism maintaining glucose homeostasis. Thus, we provide evidence showing a beneficial role of FBXW7 in glucose homeostasis.
Improved Murine MHC-Deficient HLA Transgenic NOD Mouse Models for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy Development
Authors: Racine Jeremy J. , Stewart Isabel , Ratiu Jeremy , Christianson Greg , Lowell Emily , Helm Kelsay , Allocco Jennifer , Maser Richard S. , Chen Yi-Guang , Lutz Cathleen M. , Roopenian Derry , Schloss Jennifer , DiLorenzo Teresa P. , Serreze David V.
Published: February 2018

Improved mouse models for type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy development are needed. T1D susceptibility is restored to normally resistant NOD.β2m−/− mice transgenically expressing human disease–associated HLA-A*02:01 or HLA-B*39:06 class I molecules in place of their murine counterparts. T1D is dependent on pathogenic CD8+ T-cell responses mediated by these human class I variants. NOD.β2m−/−-A2.1 mice were previously used to identify β-cell autoantigens presented by this human class I variant to pathogenic CD8+ T cells and for testing therapies to attenuate such effectors. However, NOD.β2m−/− mice also lack nonclassical MHC I family members, including FcRn, required for antigen presentation, and maintenance of serum IgG and albumin, precluding therapies dependent on these molecules. Hence, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to directly ablate the NOD H2-Kd and H2-Db classical class I variants either individually or in tandem (cMHCI−/−). Ablation of the H2-Ag7 class II variant in the latter stock created NOD mice totally lacking in classical murine MHC expression (cMHCI/II−/−). NOD-cMHCI−/− mice retained nonclassical MHC I molecule expression and FcRn activity. Transgenic expression of HLA-A2 or -B39 restored pathogenic CD8+ T-cell development and T1D susceptibility to NOD-cMHCI−/− mice. These next-generation HLA-humanized NOD models may provide improved platforms for T1D therapy development.
Global Economic Burden of Diabetes in Adults: Projections From 2015 to 2030
Authors: Bommer Christian , Sagalova Vera , Heesemann Esther , Manne-Goehler Jennifer , Atun Rifat , Bärnighausen Till , Davies Justine , Vollmer Sebastian
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE

Despite the importance of diabetes for global health, the future economic consequences of the disease remain opaque. We forecast the full global costs of diabetes in adults through the year 2030 and predict the economic consequences of diabetes if global targets under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020 are met.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We modeled the absolute and gross domestic product (GDP)-relative economic burden of diabetes in individuals aged 20–79 years using epidemiological and demographic data, as well as recent GDP forecasts for 180 countries. We assumed three scenarios: prevalence and mortality 1) increased only with urbanization and population aging (baseline scenario), 2) increased in line with previous trends (past trends scenario), and 3) achieved global targets (target scenario).

RESULTS

The absolute global economic burden will increase from U.S. $1.3 trillion (95% CI 1.3–1.4) in 2015 to $2.2 trillion (2.2–2.3) in the baseline, $2.5 trillion (2.4–2.6) in the past trends, and $2.1 trillion (2.1–2.2) in the target scenarios by 2030. This translates to an increase in costs as a share of global GDP from 1.8% (1.7–1.9) in 2015 to a maximum of 2.2% (2.1–2.2).

CONCLUSIONS

The global costs of diabetes and its consequences are large and will substantially increase by 2030. Even if countries meet international targets, the global economic burden will not decrease. Policy makers need to take urgent action to prepare health and social security systems to mitigate the effects of diabetes.
Expansion of ologic™ Technology for Eco-Friendly Vehicles
Authors: Kuwayama Isao , Hatanaka Shintaro , Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Saguchi Takanari
Published: February 2018

To realize a substantially eco-friendly tire that simultaneously offers appreciable drivability and traction performance, the authors have developed and proposed a large and narrow tire technology called “ologic” considering size and inflation pressure effects as one of the next-generation tire technologies.

In this study, exclusive technologies in terms of tread pattern and belt construction considering a synergetic effect with compound and separation of lateral/longitudinal stiffness have been developed and evaluated through both numerical simulations and experimental analysis. As a result, appreciable improvements in terms of ologic's advantages have been observed. By using the exclusive technologies, an intermediate size of ologic tires is proposed as well for assisting adoption of ologic tires in the next generation of eco-friendly vehicles with a hope of developing a combined package of tire-suspension system and an ologic tire for making full use of ologic's advantages.
Contract Instructing within Aotearoa New Zealand’s Secondary Schools
Authors: Haslip Alan , Straker Jo , English Sarah
Published: February 2018

Over the last 150 years, outdoor education in Aotearoa New Zealand has evolved from teachers taking students out of school on field trips to running expeditions and adventure activities as part of the curriculum. Recent accidents have increased expectations within society for outdoor leaders including teachers to be technically skilled and qualified before taking groups outdoors. This has, prompted many schools to employ qualified contract instructors to deliver parts of their programme. Using a grounded theory approach, this research explores the complex relationships that exist between schools, teachers, and contract instructors. A model outlining different types of communication between schools and contractors highlights how many outdoor education outcomes remain undeclared and implicit. Recommendations are presented to help contractors and schools work together to deliver programmes which continue to achieve a broad range of outcomes
Transnasionalisme dan Translasi Budaya Melalui Media Televisi “Studi pada Trend Hallyu di Indonesia”
Authors: Mustikawati Retno
Published: February 2018

Cultural images, fantasies and imaginations are formed differently depending on location technology and characteristic of cultural consumption. When cultures of of different “symbolic structures” across national bounderies, they are influenced by historically accumulate images that each nation holds of one another. Culture consists of knowledges, beliefs, perceptions, attitudes, expectations, values and patterns of behavior that people learn by growing up in a given society. A media such as television occupies an important place in culture and society. Media messages are perceived differently according to the diverse backgrounds, cultures and life-styles of audiences. Culture as a strategy of survival is both transnational and translational. It is transnational because ithas to have physical centers somewhere, places in which, or from where, their particular meanings are produced. Culture is translational because such spatial histories of displacement now accompanied by the territorial ambitions of global media technologies.Television plays a very important role in a society. It can change opinions because it has access to audiences and gives a lot of strength. The strength that can either be used constructively or destructively. Their programs have an impact and people as the audiences listen to them.
Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression dalam Kasus Multikolinearitas Pada Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Arthayanti Yani , Srinadi I Gusti Ayu Made , Gandhiadi G.K.
Published: February 2018

Linear Regression Analysis is a statistical method for modeling relation between two variable, response and explanatory variable. Geograpically Weighted Regression (GWR) is the development of linier regression analysis if the case of spatial divers case. Local multicollinearity is a condition when explanatory variables had correlated with each observation location. Geograpically Weighted Ridge Regression (GWRR) is a method used to model data containing local multicollinearity on spatial data. GWRR model was developed from ridge regression by adding weight as additional information. The study aims to model spatial data containing local multicollinearity to the Human Development Index (HDI) in the districts/municipalities of eastern Java Province in 2015. The result of this study was indicate that the indicator of the average length of school is a dominant indicator that  affects HDI.