bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates from two Mexican cystic fibrosis attention centers
Authors: Núñez-García Luis Ángel , Feliciano-Guzmán José Manuel , Mireles-Davalos Christian Daniel , López-Sántiz José Raúl , Ovando-Fonseca Jesús Elías , Becerril-Vargas Eduardo , Jiménez-Martínez María Elena , Rodríguez-Medina Nadia , Garza-Ramos Ulises , Córdova-Fletes Carlos , Garza-González Elvira
Published: October 2024

Thirty-nine clinical isolates of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
collected from 11 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients at two CF attention centers over 10 years were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic tests (i.e., elastase, motility, biofilm, growth rate, and antibiotic susceptibility) were performed to correlate results. A single strain of
P. aeruginosa
was found to persist over time in longitudinal isolates. No transmission between patients or centers was observed. A tendency to lack genes related to pyoverdine, flagellum, pili, and O-antigen was observed, whereas those related to biofilm, phenazine, and pyochelin were conserved among isolates. In a patient with a 10-year follow-up, a single strain of
P. aeruginosa
persisted and showed a gradual decrease in elastase activity and growth rate, demonstrating an adaptive phenotype.

IMPORTANCE

This study investigates the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates from Mexican cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, an underrepresented group in CF research. To our knowledge, it is the first to use whole genome sequencing (WGS) to study longitudinally collected
P. aeruginosa
isolates from this population, evaluating both genomic features and clonal relationships. Remarkably, the study includes samples from one patient over 10 years, offering an extended observation time compared to existing literature. Unlike similar studies, which often lack phenotypic testing, this research incorporates various virulence-related phenotypic assays, enhancing our understanding of gene-to-phenotype correlations. Two potential mechanisms for the loss of elastolytic activity were identified. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth mobilome analysis, an area that remains largely unexplored in CF contexts. Whole genome sequencing data are publicly available through the NCBI SRA database, facilitating further re-analysis for studies on
P. aeruginosa
in CF, as well as epidemiological and population structure research.
Design and evaluation of a visual genomic explainer: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Butler Grainne , Andersen Camilla , Buttery Jim , Gupta Asheeta , Martyn Melissa M , Stark Zornitza , Wilkins Ella , Jayasinghe Kushani , Quinlan Catherine
Published: October 2024

Objective

To design and assess a visual genomic explainer focusing on plain language and engaging imagery. The explainer aimed to support doctors’ comprehension of complex genomic concepts and results and act as a resource promoting the integration of genomic testing into mainstream care.

Design

Prospective genomic resource development and questionnaire.

Setting

Regional and tertiary hospitals in Australia and Ireland, private and community-based clinicians in Australia.

Participants

Recruitment of paediatricians and nephrologists in Australia and paediatricians in Ireland was multi-faceted. Emails with survey links were circulated through training bodies, advanced trainee networks, departmental heads, and professional societies.

Main outcome measures

Comprehension, engagement and perception of the visual explainer.

Results

Most clinicians surveyed (95% (53) Australian group, 100% (29) Irish group) felt that genomics would be a useful tool in their practice. 77% of Australian paediatric respondents and 73% of Irish paediatric respondents felt that genomics was underutilised. Challenges encountered with genomic testing included poor patient comprehension of the testing process and results along with difficulties perceived by clinicians in explaining complex results. 89% of Australian paediatricians and 100% of Irish paediatricians surveyed would recommend the use of the explainer to other professionals in their field.

Conclusion

This genomic resource was acceptable to clinicians and could be a useful tool to support paediatricians integrating genomic testing into mainstream care.
Abstracts from International Emergency Medicine Journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: October 2024

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Huntington’s disease phenocopy syndromes revisited: a clinical comparison and next-generation sequencing exploration
Authors: Koriath Carolin Anna Maria , Guntoro Fernando , Norsworthy Penelope , Dolzhenko Egor , Eberle Michael , Hensman Moss Davina J , Flower Michael , Hummerich Holger , Rosser Anne Elizabeth , Tabrizi Sarah J , Mead Simon , Wild Edward J
Published: October 2024

Background

Genetic testing for Huntington’s disease (HD) was initially usually positive but more recently the negative rate has increased: patients with negative HD tests are described as having HD phenocopy syndromes (HDPC). This study examines their clinical characteristics and investigates the genetic causes of HDPC.

Methods

Clinical data from neurogenetics clinics and HDPC gene-panel data were analysed. Additionally, a subset of 50 patients with HDPC underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysed via Expansion Hunter and Ingenuity Variant Analysis.

Results

HDPC prevalence was estimated at 2.3–2.9 per 100 000. No clinical discriminators between patients with HD and HDPC could be identified. In the gene-panel data, deleterious variants and potentially deleterious variants were over-represented in cases versus controls. WGS analysis identified oneATXN1expansion in a patient with HDPC.

Conclusions

The HDPC phenotype is consistent with HD, but the genotype is distinct. Both established deleterious variants and novel potentially deleterious variants in genes related to neurodegeneration contribute to HDPC.
Characterisation ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaestrain differences in patients with multisite infection
Authors: Miari Victoria F , Blakiston Matthew R , Solanki Priya , Gundogdu Ozan , Stabler Richard A
Published: October 2024

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the aetiological agent of gonorrhoea, is an increasing global health priority due to high levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is estimated that up to 42% of patients are infected at multiple anatomical sites simultaneously. Previous studies identified that 7%–40% of those with multisite infection have different strains infecting different sites, with potentially different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. This study aims to estimate the proportion of patients with multisite infection through differential antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) profiles and sequence-based molecular methods.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of multisite gonococcal isolates provided by three National Health Service laboratories. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and spectinomycin were determined. Possible multistrain infections were defined as isolates with a significant difference in MIC to at least one antimicrobial. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to determine multistrain infection throughN. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST),N. gonorrhoeaesequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR), multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogeny, and to compare AST profiles with identified AMR genes.

Results

Ninety-one isolates were collected from 41 patients with multisite infections. Of these 41 patients, 6 (14.6%) hadN. gonorrhoeaeisolates with discordant MICs. WGS-based typing confirmed that four out of six patients were infected with different gonococcal strains. The relatedness of isolates with the same MLST across multiple patients was differentiated using SNP-based analysis, and this included the identification of a potential transmission event. WGS-based AMR prediction for all antimicrobials tested correlated well with the phenotypic data.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that potentially a significant proportion of patients with multisite infections are infected with multiple gonococcal strains, with differing AST profiles, at different anatomical sites. This has implications for patient sampling, susceptibility testing protocols, AMR surveillance and potentially appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Empowering Indigenous-led contaminant monitoring through collaborative partnerships and two-way capacity sharing
Authors: Mercer Louise , Pokiak Deva-Lynn , Whalen Dustin , Lim Michael , Mann Paul J.
Published: October 2024

Climate-driven landscape change, legacy waste, and ongoing infrastructural investment are leading to concerns about contaminant release in Arctic Indigenous and Local communities. Sustainable development that considers threats posed by accelerating environmental change requires accessible, appropriate, and sustained environmental data to inform strategic decision-making. Collaborative partnerships and capacity sharing are necessary to promote resilient and sustainable environmental monitoring approaches; however, effective collaboration has been hindered by mismatches in priorities and timelines between communities and research programs. We outline the development and later evolution of a community-based environmental research program focused on monitoring contamination threats posed by legacy infrastructure sourced from industry, transportation, and domestic waste sites. Capacities and insights from diverse knowledge systems guided each stage of our research approach. Reflections provided by an Indigenous and non-Indigenous Early Career Researcher share insights into different aspects of the research process. We highlight how cross-cultural partnerships and capacity sharing have enabled evolving and reflexive community-based contaminant monitoring. Our approach facilitates a structural shift from collaborative monitoring with external analysis to autonomous monitoring that supports equity in research outcomes. Appropriately considered and resourced co-development at regular points of the research process has been critical to developing a complete and effective Indigenous-led research project.
Flag-transitive point-primitive symmetric 2-designs of prime square order
Authors: Lu Ziwei , Zhou Shenglin
Published: October 2024

This paper studies flag-transitive, point-primitive automorphism groups of symmetric 2-designs. In particular, if the order of 2-designs is [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] prime, we show that the automorphism groups of 2-designs must be of affine or almost simple type.
Wakamatsu tilting subcategories and tilting pairs over trivial ring extensions
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Shance
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a trivial extension of a ring [Formula: see text] by an [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-bimodule [Formula: see text]. We first prove that a subcategory [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-Mod is Wakamatsu tilting if and only if [Formula: see text] is a Wakamatsu tilting subcategory over [Formula: see text]-Mod under some certain conditions, where [Formula: see text] is a functor between [Formula: see text]-Mod and [Formula: see text]-Mod. Then we prove that a pair [Formula: see text] of subcategories of [Formula: see text]-Mod is a tilting pair if and only if [Formula: see text] is a tilting pair of [Formula: see text]-Mod. As an application, finally, some applications are given to Morita context rings and upper triangular matrix rings.
Does Reputation Matter? Explaining China’s Evolving Strategy in South China Sea Disputes
Authors: NGUYEN CONG TUNG
Published: October 2024

What drives China’s approach to disputes in the South China Sea? While conventional wisdom often attributes Beijing’s actions primarily to material interests, this overlooks the possible influence of non-material factors such as China’s desire to uphold its national reputation. Contrary to the assumptions of traditional prospect theory, China’s behavior is not driven solely by calculations of gains and losses but also by considerations for its international reputation. Beijing may temper its assertiveness when its reputation is declining but still manageable, as demonstrated by its increased willingness to resolve disputes multilaterally after its global image was tarnished following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrarily, China may resort to more assertive actions when these do not significantly hurt its reputation or when the damage seems irreversible, as seen in its unwavering stance during the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff with the Philippines.
Modality Deep-learning Frameworks for Fake News Detection on Social Networks: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed , Almogren Ahmad S , Al-Qurishi Muhammad , Alrubaian Majed
Published: October 2024

Fake news on social networks is a challenging problem due to the rapid dissemination and volume of information, as well as the ease of creating and sharing content anonymously. Fake news stories are problematic not only for the credibility of online journalism, but also due to their detrimental real-world consequences. The primary research objective of this study is to identify recent state-of-the-art deep learning methods used to detect fake news in social networks. This article presents a systematic literature review of deep learning-based fake news detection models in social networks. The methodology followed a rigorous approach, including predefined criteria for study selection of deep learning modalities. This study focuses on the types of deep learning modalities: unimodal (refers to the use of a single model for analysis or modeling purposes) and multimodal models (refers to the integration of multiple models). The results of this review reveal the strengths and weaknesses of modalities approaches, as well as the limitations of low-resource languages datasets. Furthermore, it provides insights into future directions for deep learning models and different fact-checking techniques. At the end of this study, we discuss the problem of fake news detection in the era of large language models in terms of advantages, drawbacks, and challenges.
Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Ni-Doped SnO2 Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications: Structural, Optical, and Electrical Insights
Authors: Louardi C. , Soussi L. , Garmim T. , Benaissa N. , Benbouzakri S. , Bouzidi M. , Zahot O. , El Bachiri A. , Louardi A.
Published: October 2024

Undoped and Ni-doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin films were synthesized using the spray pyrolysis technique on ordinary glass substrates. The study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical properties of these thin films using various characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a polycrystalline behavior with a tetragonal structure and a preferential orientation along the [110] direction for both undoped and Ni-doped SnO2 films. Raman spectroscopy confirm the tetragonal rutile structure and shows a slight enhancement of crystallinity for 4% Ni doped SnO2 thin films. Optical measurements showed a decrease in transmittance with increasing dopant ratio, indicating reduced transparency, and a decrease in band gap with Ni insertion. Electrical measurements, conducted through I-V curve analysis, confirmed Ohm’s law compliance and indicated a decrease in resistivity with Ni doping, suggesting improved electrical conductivity. Additionally, the study explored the performance of thin-film solar cells utilizing SnO2 as a transparent conducting layer through numerical simulations using SCAPS-1D software. The effects of Ni doping on the solar cell performance were examined, suggesting potential enhancements or modifications in efficiency and functionality. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into the structural, optical, and electrical properties of undoped and Ni-doped SnO2 thin films, offering promising avenues for their application in optoelectronic devices.
Effects of Turbulence‐Induced Blade Position on Flow and Combustion in a Wankel Rotary Engine
Authors: Wen Huan , Li Lingyu , Zou Run , Liu Xiaoyu , Su Tiexiong
Published: October 2024

Aiming at the problem of low turbulent velocity and incomplete combustion in the combustion process of the Wankel rotary engine (WRE), and setting turbulence‐induced blade (TIB) in the combustion chamber recess is an effective means to enhance the turbulent motion and promote combustion. Carifying the optimal arrangement position of TIB can get better combustion performance. Therefore, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model of a WRE with TIB was established in this paper. Based on the differential pressure perturbation mechanism, the influence of the arrangement position of the TIB on the flow field and combustion performance were analyzed. The results showed that when the ratio of blade arrangement distance is less than 0.66, the pressure difference between the leading and trailing of the blade is small. At this time, the in‐cylinder flow is mainly disturbed by the forced disturbance of the TIB, the increase of the turbulent velocity is not obvious, and the diffusion velocity of the flame to the rotor direction is small. When the ratio of blade arrangement distance is greater than 0.66, the pressure difference between the leading and trailing of the blade is large. At this time, the In‐cylinder flow is affected by the pressure difference flow in addition to the forced disturbance of the TIB. The turbulent velocity is effectively enhanced, and the flame velocity is fast to the rotor direction. When the ratio of blade arrangement distance is 0.66, it shows the best combustion performance, and the indicated work is the largest. Compared to the scheme without TIB, the indicated work is increased by 16%.
Effect of Fat Type and Mango Peel Powder on the Physicochemical Properties of Beef Patties During Cold Storage and In Vitro Digestion
Authors: Vázquez-Meza Martha Olivia , González-Ríos Humberto , González-Aguilar Gustavo Adolfo , Viuda-Martos Manuel , Dávila-Ramírez José Luis , Valenzuela-Melendres Martín
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of fat type and mango peel powder (MP) on the physicochemical properties of cooked beef patties during cold storage and after in vitro digestion. Beef patties were prepared with saturated beef fat (BF) and pre‐emulsified avocado oil (AO) or pre‐emulsified safflower oil (SO). MP was added at 0% or 1%. The treatments were as follows: T1 (BF, no added MP), T2 (AO, no added MP), T3 (SO, no added MP), T4 (BF + 1%MP), T5 (AO + 1%MP), and T6 (SO + 1%MP). Substituting saturated fat with AO and SO improved the fatty acid profile of beef patties. The addition of pre‐emulsified oils increased (p < 0.05) the L∗, a∗, and b∗ values. Moreover, the incorporation of MP in the meat formulation decreased (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation during cold storage. Adding MP to the meat formulation decreased (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation before and after in vitro digestion. Replacement of saturated fat with vegetable oils and incorporation of MP may be an alternative strategy to improve the quality of beef patties during cold storage and decrease lipid oxidation after in vitro digestion.
Temporomandibular Joint Pain due to Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Lindeboom Jerome A. , Ho Jean Pierre T. F. , Donner Naomi , de Lange Jan
Published: October 2024

Osteochondroma of the craniofacial region is rare. However, the most common site of osteochondroma in the craniofacial region is the mandibular coronoid process and mandibular condyle. Here, we report a case of a 32‐year‐old woman treated by condylectomy and secondary reconstruction with a temporomandibular joint prosthesis.
Early Career South African Occupational Therapists’ Perceptions of Person–Environment Fit in Work–Life Areas That Influence Work Stress
Authors: de Witt Patricia , Bruce Morgann , Botha Marica , Franzsen Denise
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Poor fit between the work environment and work expectations is associated with high levels of workplace‐related stress. Work stress in occupational therapy has been attributed to the nature of the profession and various other workplace‐related factors. Workplace‐related stress leading to burnout has been found to be higher in early career occupational therapists with less than 5 years of experience. This study explored workplace factors that result in poor person–work environment fit in six work–life areas in South African early career occupational therapists.

Methods: A descriptive electronic survey design was used to access a sample of South African 261 occupational therapists with 2–5 years of work experience. The Area of Work–Life Survey (AWS) considers six work–life areas: control, workload, community, rewards, values, and fairness, which were used to collect data. Data were analysed to determine low, moderate, and high work environment fit for workplace factors including employment setting, field of practice, years’ experience, time with current organization, and hours worked.

Results: Of the six work–life areas, only the scores for workload fell below the norm for the respondents. All six work–life areas were impacted by employment settings, with respondents in public health hospitals and clinics indicating significantly low person–environment fit in most areas. Respondents in physical rehabilitation had a significantly low fit for workload, as did years of experience, length of time with organization, and hours worked. Fairness had a low fit for physical rehabilitation and medicolegal fields of practice.

Conclusion: Workload impacted workplace‐related stress in respondents with scores below the norm on the AWS for this work–life area. Although some work‐related factors affected workplace‐related stress, the overall scores for the other work–life areas were above the norm, with only respondents in public service settings and in the field of physical rehabilitation reporting low work environment fit.
Convexity Property of Finsler Infinity Harmonic Functions
Authors: Mebrate Benyam
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we investigate the convexity property of viscosity solutions to a homogeneous normalized Finsler infinity Laplacian equation. Weak and strong forms for convexity property have been addressed.
Lower Extremity Asymmetry Values Derived From Multiple Strength Testing Modes Are Associated With Perceived Functional Capabilities Among University Athletes
Authors: McClean Zachary J. , Mossel Nathan Boon-van , McKenzie Mark , Aagaard Per , Herzog Walter , Pasanen Kati , Lun Victor , Jordan Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Muscle strength asymmetry and athlete introspective measures are associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) sport injury and reinjury. However, the interrelationship between mechanical and subjective measures of concentric and eccentric limb function needs further exploration. This includes investigating if an athlete’s perception of their overall MSK function influences limb asymmetry across different testing modalities.

Objectives: To (i) explore the interrelationship between mechanical and subjective measures of lower limb function in university athletes and (ii) compare the consistency in interlimb strength asymmetries across different strength tests in groups of athletes with good, fair, and poor perceived limb function.

Methods: University athletes (n = 175; n = 87 females) from six sports completed four tests of muscle strength, power, and plyometric function along with an assessment of perceived limb function using the Sport Fitness Index (SFI). Participants were categorized into high (GOODSFI), fair (FAIRSFI), and poor (POORSFI) perceived overall MSK function (perceived function) groups. Strength asymmetry indexes evaluated interlimb differences in concentric and eccentric maximal strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) impulse, unilateral CMJ height, and reactive strength index in unilateral repeat hop testing. Cumulative link mixed‐effects models assessed the relationship between strength asymmetries and perceived limb function.

Results: The POORSFI group showed increased asymmetry in concentric strength testing (p = 0.022), more consistent interlimb asymmetries (p < 0.001), and reduced overall muscle strength compared to the GOODSFI group.

Conclusion: Higher interlimb asymmetry in maximal concentric strength measures along with reduced muscle strength was found in the POORSFI group compared to the GOODSFI group. The POORSFI group also showed greater consistency in muscle strength asymmetry derived across different tasks.
Examining Emotional Reactions to the COVID‐19 Crisis Through Twitter Data Analysis: A Comparative Study of Classification Techniques
Authors: Yaqub Saira , Shoaib Muhammad , Jaleel Abdul , Khurshid Syed Khaldoon , Arshad Shazia , Ziar Riaz Ahmad
Published: October 2024

COVID‐19 has significantly impacted peoples’ mental health because of isolation and social distancing measures. It practically impacts every segment of people’s daily lives and causes a medical problem that spreads throughout the entire world. This pandemic has caused an increased emotional distress. Since everyone has been affected by the epidemic physically, emotionally, and financially, it is crucial to examine and comprehend emotional reactions as the crisis affects mental health. This study uses Twitter data to understand what people feel during the pandemic. We collected Twitter data about COVID‐19 and isolation, preprocessed the text, and then classified the tweets into various emotion classes. The data are collected using the twarc library and the Twitter academic researcher account and labeled using a Vader analyzer after preprocessing. We trained five machine learning models, namely, support vector machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes, KNN, decision tree, and logistic regression to find patterns and trends in emotions. The emotional reactions of individuals to the COVID‐19 crisis are then analyzed. We applied precision, recall, F1‐score, and accuracy as the evaluation metrics, which shows that SVM has performed best among other models. Our results show that isolated people felt various emotions, out of which, fear, sadness, and surprise were the most common. This study gives insights into the emotional impact of the pandemic and shows the power of Twitter data in understanding mental health outcomes. Our findings can be used to develop targeted interventions and support strategies to address the emotional toll of the pandemic.
Supplementary Methods from Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-64619178, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PRMT5 with Potent Antitumor Activity
Authors: Brehmer Dirk , Beke Lijs , Wu Tongfei , Millar Hillary J. , Moy Christopher , Sun Weimei , Mannens Geert , Pande Vineet , Boeckx An , van Heerde Erika , Nys Thomas , Gustin Emmanuel M. , Verbist Bie , Zhou Longen , Fan Yue , Bhargava Vipul , Safabakhsh Pegah , Vinken Petra , Verhulst Tinne , Gilbert Angelique , Rai Sumit , Graubert Timothy A. , Pastore Friederike , Fiore Danilo , Gu Junchen , Johnson Amy , Philippar Ulrike , Morschhäuser Barbara , Walker David , De Lange Desiree , Keersmaekers Vikki , Viellevoye Marcel , Diels Gaston , Schepens Wim , Thuring Jan Willem , Meerpoel Lieven , Packman Kathryn , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Laquerre Sylvie
Published: October 2024

Materials and Methods
Bispecific Antibodies as Bridging to BCMA CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fandrei David , Seiffert Sabine , Rade Michael , Rieprecht Susanne , Gagelmann Nico , Born Patrick , Wiemers Thomas , Weidner Heike , Kreuz Markus , Schassberger Tamara , Koßmann Jannik , Mangold Marlene , Fürst Daniel , Fischer Luise , Baber Ronny , Heyn Simone , Wang Song Yau , Bach Enrica , Hoffmann Sandra , Metzeler Klaus H. , Herling Marco , Jentzsch Madlen , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Köhl Ulrike , Friedrich Maik , Boldt Andreas , Reiche Kristin , Platzbecker Uwe , Vucinic Vladan , Merz Maximilian
Published: October 2024

Establishing a strategy for sequencing of T cell–redirecting therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) is a pressing clinical need. We longitudinally tracked the clinical and immunologic impact of bispecific T cell–engaging antibodies (BsAb) as bridging therapy (BT) to subsequent B-cell maturation antigen–directed chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies in 52 patients with RRMM. BsAbs were a potent and safe option for BT, achieving the highest overall response rate (100%) to BT compared with chemotherapy, anti-CD38, or anti-SLAMF7 antibody–based regimens (46%). We observed early CD4+CAR+ and delayed CD8+CAR+ T-cell expansion in patients receiving BsAbs as BT. In vitro cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells was comparable among BT options. Single-cell analyses revealed increased clonality in the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments in patients with previous exposure to BsAbs at leukapheresis and on day 30 after CAR-T cell infusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of BT with BsAbs for CAR-T cell therapy in RRMM.

Significance: CAR-T cell therapy and BsAbs have revolutionized treatment of triple-class refractory multiple myeloma; however, optimal sequencing is unknown. We demonstrate that BT with BsAb before B-cell maturation antigen–directed CAR-T cell therapy is safe and effective, which might have implications for other hematologic malignancies as well.

See related commentary by Bal and Costa, p. 10
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Fig. 4. Supplementary Fig. 4. Spatial UMAP analysis of CD8+/-NOS2+/-COX2+/- phenotypes in Deceased vs Alive patient tumors. Single cell neighborhood profile summary.
Figure 4 from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A.
Published: October 2024

Defined CD8 NOS2 and COX2 spatial landscape. Five basic regions showing (A) margin or stroma-restricted lymphoid aggregates (orange circles) in which a gap of 50 μm (double orange arrow) between CD3+ T-cell aggregates and the CKSOX10+ tumor edge (green circle) was observed. Blue and dashed magenta circles identify immune desert regions lacking CD8+ T cells. B, Tumor fragmentation or satellite region. C, Tumor edge with proximal stroma regions. D, Significant differences in % cell composition is shown for CD8+ T cells as well as (E) NOS2+ and (F) COX2+ tumor cells. G, Graphic summary of tumor NOS2/COX2 landscape and CD8+ T-cell regional distributions with respect to the tumor–stroma interface. H, Spatial architecture of predictive phenotypes in tumors from deceased vs. alive patients. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; ****, P ≤ 0.0001.
Figure 1 from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A.
Published: October 2024

Spatial analysis of tumor NOS2/COX2 expression with respect to survival. Spatial landscape of NOS2 (red) and COX2 (green) with DAPI (white), the tumor marker CKSOX10 (blue) for (A) deceased and (B) alive patients at 5-year survival. C, Quantification of NOS2/COX2 tumor expression at the single cell level, with each dot representing a tumor sample (also shown in Supplementary Fig. S2). D, Heat density maps of tumor NOS2/COX2 expression in deceased and alive patient tumors. E, Significant Pearson’s correlation between tumor NOS2 and COX2 expression R2 = 0.8481 and P < 0.0001 in tumors from deceased patients but not alive patient samples (F). Mann–Whitney *, P < 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.
Serum Autotaxin Level Positively Associates with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Hyperuricemia in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hu Jiahui , Li Yu , Zhou Xuefeng , Ke Yini , Chen Yi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Autotaxin (ATX) is an adipokine known to affect energy metabolism and lipid homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate serum ATX levels in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and other metabolic disorders in postmenopausal women. Methods: Postmenopausal women who received an annual health examination were included. The metabolic and demographic characteristics of the subjects were collected, including age, gender, weight, height, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters. Serum ATX level was determined by ELISA. Results: This cross-sectional includes 20 postmenopausal women and 20 age-paired healthy controls. MAFLD patients showed significant metabolic disturbance presented with increased body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (p < 0.001) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05), as well as liver injury companied by elevated ALT (p < 0.05). Serum ATX levels were statistically higher in MAFLD (253.1 ± 52.1 vs. 202.2 ± 53.2 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and positively correlated with ALT (p < 0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase and BMI (p < 0.01), SBP and TG (p < 0.05). Higher ATX group demonstrated worsen metabolic states with greater proportion of MAFLD, higher BMI (p < 0.01), and ALT (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum ATX levels would positively independently predicted MAFLD (OR 1.049, 95% CI: 1.001–1.098, p < 0.05) with AUC of 0.763. Serum level of ATX is significantly elevated in hyperuricemia group (257.3 ± 60.9 vs. 214.5 ± 49.4 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and positively correlated with uric acid level (p < 0.01). Serum ATX would also act as diagnosing parameter of hyperuricemia with AUC of 0.706. Conclusions: Among postmenopausal women, serum ATX level is significantly elevated in MAFLD and related to multiple metabolic characteristics, especially hyperuricemia, which would thus serve as a potential noninvasive biomarker as well as a therapeutic target.
Novel Insights: A Novel PHIP Variant in a Family with Severe Early-Onset Obesity
Authors: Loid Petra , Vuorela Nina , Aaltonen Kirsimari , Kuittinen Juha , Mäkitie Outi
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Severe childhood obesity can be caused by pathogenic variants in several genes involved in monogenic and syndromic obesity. Recently, heterozygous variants in pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP) have been identified in patients with obesity as part of Chung-Jansen syndrome. Case Presentation: The index patient is a 5-year-old boy with severe obesity since 1 year of age, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and behavior problems. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel missense variant in PHIP (c.3182C>A, p.Ala1061Glu) in the index patient. Further genetic testing in family members revealed segregation of the same PHIP variant in the brother and mother, who both presented with severe childhood obesity and developmental delay or learning difficulties. The PHIP missense variant was predicted pathogenic by multiple in silico tools and affects a highly conserved residue. Conclusion: Early-onset obesity may be monogenic. Our finding expands the spectrum of disease-causing variants in PHIP and demonstrates variable intrafamilial clinical expressivity and severity. Screening for PHIP variants should be included in genetic testing in patients with severe early-onset obesity.
Estudio del menor trabajador en las escuelas del municipio de Villavicencio-Colombia
Authors: Guarnizo Nicolás , Campos Fernando
Published: October 2024

Este artículo aborda el estudio de los trabajadores menores en escuelas en el municipio de Villavicencio, Colombia. La investigación se centra en el impacto del trabajo infantil en el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo educativo. El estudio utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando encuestas para recopilar datos. El análisis encontró que los estudiantes a menudo abandonan su educación para contribuir financieramente a sus familias. Sin embargo, aún tienen interés en continuar su educación, pero la desigualdad social representa una barrera. El artículo enfatiza la necesidad de abordar el trabajo infantil y apoyar el desarrollo integral de los niños. Además, se encontró que una parte significativa de los estudiantes trabaja para ayudar a la familia, costear sus estudios o generar ingresos propios. Se destaca la importancia de desarrollar estrategias y proyectos científicos para abordar esta problemática y promover la transformación social.
‘Foreign’ Trademarks in Jordan and the Influence of Imperial Powers
Authors: Naser Mohammad Amin , Haddadin Suhail H.
Published: October 2024

The Jordanian Trademarks Law, as it stands today, suffered from the influence of imperial powers. Namely, the influence of the USA and UK has resulted in the introduction of a classification of trademarks, which is: “Foreign Trademarks”. This paper proves the said influence through the standard of well-known trademarks under the Jordanian Trademarks Law, in addition to the preferential treatment of the foreign trademarks in terms of invalidity and annulment. It is argued that the privileges given to foreign trademarks were to the detriment of national trademarks. This paper is a call for Jordan to put national interests first in this area of law, and advances an argument for a legislative reform, De lege ferenda, and the way Jordanian courts and the trademarks’ registrar should deal with the law as it stands today, De lege lata, in order to mitigate the loss that ‘national’ marks currently suffer from.
Viability fertility and SEM studies on cryopreserved pollen of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Veena G.L. , Mog Babli , Adiga J.D. , Rajasekharan P.E. , Eradasappa E. , Yadav Anil Kumar , Shamsudheen M. , Manjesh G.N. , Thondaiman V. , Harsha R. , Aswathy C.
Published: October 2024

Cryopreservation can be utilized as an efficient and reliable tool for long-term conservation of cashew genetic diversity. This study aims at pollen germination in vitro, SEM studies, pollen cryopreservation and fruit set with cryostored pollen of cashew. Brewbaker’s and Kwack (1963) medium enriched with 30% sucrose and15% PEG elicited significant pollen germination in vitro. Madakkathara-2 recorded high viability profiles both with respect to fresh (90.32%) and cryopreserved (85.53%) pollen when compared to other genotypes and species. Anacardium othonianum recorded lower viability in fresh (40.97%) as well as cryopreserved (25.43%). The pollen grains were cryopreserved for six months and post viability assessment was carried out at regular intervals. Field pollination was carried and in vivo fertility was assessed using four month cryostored pollen. A fruit set range of13.17 to 30.67% and a seed germinability range from 37.75 to 63.64% was recorded. Both in vitro and in vivo results show the reliability of pollen cryopreservation, which can be effectively used in breeding and conservation of the cashew gene pool.
Exploring the diversity of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) in South Africa: host plants, distribution, and DNA barcoding analysis, with the description of nine new species
Authors: TRIBERTI PAOLO , STAUDE HERMANN , SHARP IAN , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS
Published: October 2024

Despite relatively extensive historical exploration being carried out on Lepidopteran fauna of South Africa, leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae remain a source of discovery, with many new species awaiting description. In the present work, 32 gracillariid species from South Africa are treated. For each species, hostplant and distribution information is provided, supplemented by taxonomic and molecular analysis where necessary. Nine species are described here as new to science: Ectropina spirostachydis sp. nov., Leucocercops curatellifoliae sp. nov., Phodoryctis tephrosiella sp. nov., Telamoptilia cordati sp. nov., Phyllonorycter pseudogrewiella sp. nov., Cameraria melhaniella sp. nov., Phyllocnistis magalismontani sp. nov., P. allisonae sp. nov. and P. faureae sp. nov. Sixteen host plant species are reported for the first time for the family Gracillariidae: Searsia pyroides (Anacardiaceae), Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae), Combretum zeyheri, Terminalia sericea (Combretaceae), Euclea divinorum (Ebenaceae), Spirostachys africana (Euphorbiaceae), Peltophorum africanum, Tephrosia rhodesica, Schotia brachypetala (Fabaceae), Cryptocarya transvaalensis (Lauraceae), Melhania acuminata (Malvaceae), Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae), Ochna pretoriensis (Ochnaceae), Protea rubropilosa, Faurea saligna (Proteaceae), Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sapotaceae). Caloptilia mwamba De Prins, 2015 is recorded for the first time in South Africa.
Revision of the Palaearctic genus Skorikovia Ovtchinnikov, 2002 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
Authors: LELEJ ARKADY S.
Published: October 2024

Ten Palaearctic species of Skorikovia Ovtchinnikov, 2002 are reviewed. The new species S. bactriana sp. nov., male (Afghanistan, Tajikistan) and S. maxim sp. nov., male, female (Russia: Astrakhan Region, Kalmykia; Azerbaijan, North Iran, South-West Pakistan) are described and illustrated. A new synonymy is proposed for S. trinotata (Costa, 1858), comb. nov. (=Mutilla triangularis Radoszkowski, 1865, female, syn. nov., =Smicromyrme pliginskiji Lelej, 1984, male, syn. nov.). A lectotype of Mutilla serta Radoszkowski, 1885, female and M. triangularis Radoszkowski, 1865, female are designated. A new combination is proposed for Skorikovia serta (Radoszkowski, 1885), comb. nov. (from the genus Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870). The genus Skorikovia and S. trinotata are newly recorded from Slovakia and Austria. A key to the species of males and females and the behavior of the female of S. elongata in south-eastern Kazakhstan are provided.
Adapting a human sexuality curriculum for students with disabilities
Authors: Lepore-Stevens Maria
Published: October 2024

Background:

The US Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires that children with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education. However, it does not specifically include the subject of health education. Currently, 30 US states require public schools to teach sexuality education as a part of the health education curriculum, but 36 do not include youth with disabilities in their sexuality education requirements.

Objective:

The current situation is particularly concerning due to the higher rates of unplanned pregnancy, sexual abuse, and sexually transmitted infections experienced by teenagers with disabilities. Students from across several disability groups report societal barriers, physical barriers, and poor educational outcomes with respect to sexuality education.

Results:

This review article sought to investigate the current state of sexuality education for students with disabilities, as well as best practices to support the learning of sexuality education content.

Conclusion:

Focusing sexuality education classes on practical ways so as to develop relationships, promote self-advocacy and self-determination, and incorporate privacy messages, can support students with disabilities to make healthy choices.
Acculturation stress and mental health outcomes in a sample of migrant inpatients: Findings from a naturalistic study
Authors: Della Rocca Bianca , Di Vincenzo Matteo , Giallanella Daniela , Gaggiano Costanza , Martinelli Flavia , Ricci Fabiana , Sampogna Gaia , Luciano Mario , Ventriglio Antonio , Bellomo Antonello , Fiorillo Andrea
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Migrants face numerous risk factors for mental disorders, including stressors and traumatic events during the pre-, peri-, and post-migratory phases. Acculturation stress, a significant post-migratory stressor, can adversely affect mental health during the cultural adaptation process. This study aims to assess the clinical implications of acculturation stress in migrants admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit, with a focus on identifying predictors of acculturative stress and their impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of 268 immigrant patients hospitalized between 2004 and 2019 at the psychiatric inpatient unit of the University of Foggia. We collected socio-demographic and clinical data using ad hoc schedules and validated assessment instruments, including the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Diagnoses were based on DSM-IV-TR/DSM-5 criteria. We analyzed associations between demographic and clinical characteristics of patients reporting acculturative stress and those not reporting it, using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:

The majority of patients were diagnosed with affective (45.1%) or psychotic disorders (31.7%), with 57.1% experiencing their first psychiatric episode. Acculturation stress was reported by 51.9% of patients ( N = 139), predominantly among males (71.9%), single individuals (80.9%), and those of Islamic faith (56.8%). Patients experiencing acculturation stress were more likely to be unemployed (57.6%) and without a residence permit (63.3%). This stress was particularly prevalent among patients with psychotic disorders (25.9%) and first-episode psychiatric cases (64.7%). At discharge, patients with acculturation stress showed less improvement on CGI, GAF, and BPRS scores compared to those without such stress.

Conclusions:

Acculturation stress is influenced by several socio-demographic factors and is crucial for the full symptomatic remission of migrant patients. Culturally-oriented mental health services, including language and cultural integration programs, are essential in reducing acculturative stress and improving the overall well-being of immigrants.