bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sn vacancy engineering for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of two-dimensional SnS
Authors: Yang Heng Quan , Wang Xiao Yang , Wu Hong , Zhang Bin , Xie Dan Dan , Chen Yong Jin , Lu Xu , Han Xiao Dong , Miao Lei , Zhou Xiao Yuan
Published: February 2019

A significant enhancement in the thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline SnS resulting from increasing the hole concentration through Sn vacancy engineering.
Double-caged fullerene acceptors: effect of alkyl chain length on photovoltaic performance
Authors: Brotsman Victor A. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Zubov Dmitry N. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. , Goryunkov Alexey A.
Published: February 2019

Alkyl chain length in double-caged fullerene compounds (dFR) nonmonotonically correlates with dFR solubility providing best BHJ morphology and photovoltaic performance for the highly-soluble n-nonyl derivative.
Nonfullerene acceptors with a novel nonacyclic core for high-performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Hou Ran , Li Miao , Wang Junkai , Bi Zhaozhao , Feng Shiyu , Xu Xinjun , Ma Wei , Bo Zhishan
Published: February 2019

Two nonfullerene acceptors (IDIDTT and IDIDTT-2F) with a novel nonacylic core were developed and applied in polymer solar cells for the first time.
A rhodium-catalysed Sonogashira-type coupling exploiting C–S functionalisation: orthogonality with palladium-catalysed variants
Authors: Arambasic Milan , Majhail Manjeet K. , Straker Robert N. , Neuhaus James D. , Willis Michael C.
Published: February 2019

A rhodium(i) catalyst mediates selective and efficient coupling reactions between arylmethylsulfides and terminal alkynes to provide Sonogashira-like products.
Lattice-strained palladium nanoparticles as active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Lin Jing-Yang , Xi Cong , Li Zhe , Feng Yi , Wu De-Yao , Dong Cun-Ku , Yao Pei , Liu Hui , Du Xi-Wen
Published: February 2019

Compressive strain was successfully introduced into palladium nanoparticles by a novel pulsed laser ablation technology, leading to dramatic improvement of the catalytic performance in the oxygen reduction reaction.
Cationic magnesium hydride [MgH]+ stabilized by an NNNN-type macrocycle
Authors: Lemmerz Lara E. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Spaniol Thomas P. , Wong Anthony , Ménard Gabriel , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun
Published: February 2019

A magnesium hydride cation [(L)MgH]+ supported by a macrocyclic ligand (L = Me4TACD; 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) has been shown to react with Lewis acids as well as with unsaturated substrates including pyridine.
Experimental and theoretical elucidation of catalytic pathways in TiO2-initiated prebiotic polymerization
Authors: Barcaro Giovanni , Sementa Luca , Carravetta Vincenzo , Yano Taka-aki , Hara Masahiko , Monti Susanna
Published: February 2019

A glycine droplet has landed on the rutile (110) surface, the solute units interact with the surface and those close to each other can form chains.
Synthesis, structural and physicochemical characterization of a new type Ti6-oxo cluster protected by a cyclic imide dioxime ligand
Authors: Passadis Stamatis S. , Hadjithoma Sofia , Kalampounias Angelos G. , Tsipis Athanassios C. , Sproules Stephen , Miras Haralampos N. , Keramidas Anastasios D. , Kabanos Themistoklis A.
Published: February 2019

A new type of Ti6-oxo cluster with a structural motif TiIV6O5 was synthesized of which the cyclo-Ti3 metallic cores exhibit metallaromaticity.
Facile conversion of waste glass into Li storage materials
Authors: Lee Seung-Su , Park Cheol-Min
Published: February 2019

The Si-based composites prepared by the facile recycling of waste glasses exhibited high reversible capacities and stable capacity retentions, which will be promising candidates for eco-friendly Si-based high-capacity anodes for LIBs.
Computational and experimental investigation on the BCl3 promoted intramolecular amination of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Liu Wei , Zeng Ruxin , Han Yingbin , Wang Yajun , Tao Huimin , Chen Yu , Liu Fang , Liang Yong
Published: February 2019

The BCl3 promoted aminoboration of alkenes and alkynes was investigated both computationally and experimentally, leading to the discovery of a metal-free hydroamination of alkynes.
Biocompatible small organic molecule phototheranostics for NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and simultaneous photodynamic/photothermal combination therapy
Authors: Wang Qi , Xia Bing , Xu Jingzeng , Niu Xinrui , Cai Jie , Shen Qingming , Wang Wenjun , Huang Wei , Fan Quli
Published: February 2019

Multifunctional phototheranostics were successfully constructed for NIR-II fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging and simultaneous photodynamic/photothermal combination therapy.
Versatile fluorescent probes for near-infrared imaging of amyloid-β species in Alzheimer's disease mouse model
Authors: Peng Chao , Wang Xueli , Li Yinhui , Li Hung-Wing , Wong Man Shing
Published: February 2019

This review comprehensively discussed the recent progress in the development of NIR fluorescent probes for amyloid-β imagingin vivo.
Heterogeneous forward and backward scattering modulation by polymer-infused plasmonic nanohole arrays
Authors: Zhang Shuaidi , Yu Shengtao , Zhou Jing , Ponder James F. , Smith Marcus J. , Reynolds John R. , Tsukruk Vladimir V.
Published: February 2019

Electrochromic polymer infused plasmonic nanohole array shows heterogeneous forward and backward optical scattering response upon polymer electrical permittivity modulation.
Interpretation of heliocentric water production rates of comets
Authors: Marshall D. , Rezac L. , Hartogh P. , Zhao Y. , Attree N.
Published: February 2019

Aims. We investigate the influence of three basic factors on water production rate as a function of heliocentric distance: nucleus shape, the spin axis orientation, and the distribution of activity on a comet’s surface.

Methods. We used a basic water sublimation model driven by solar insolation to derive total production rates for different nuclei shapes and spin axis orientations using the orbital parameters of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. We used known shape models derived from prior missions to the Jupiter Family and short period comets. The slopes of production rates versus heliocentric distance were calculated for the different model setups.

Results. The standard (homogeneous) outgassing model confirms the well-known result regarding the heliocentric dependence of water production rate that remains invariant for different nuclei shapes as long as the rotation axis is perpendicular to the orbital plane. When the rotation axis is not perpendicular, the nucleus shape becomes a critically important factor in determining the water production curves as the illuminated cross section of the nucleus changes with heliocentric distance. Shape and obliquity can produce changes in the illuminated cross section of up to 50% over an orbit. In addition, different spin axis orientations for a given shape can dramatically alter the pre- and post-perihelion production curves, as do assumptions about the activity distribution on the surface. If, however, the illuminated cross section of the nucleus is invariant, then the dependence on the above parameters is weak, as demonstrated here with the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko shape. The comets Hartley 2 and Wild 2 are shown to yield significantly different production curve shapes for the same orbit and orientation as 67P/CG, varying by as much as a factor of three as a result of only changing the nucleus shape. Finally, we show that varying just three basic parameters, shape, spin axis orientation, and active spots distribution on the surface can lead to arbitrary deviations from the expected inverse square law dependence of water production rates near 1 au.

Conclusions. With the results obtained, we cannot avoid the conclusion that, without prior knowledge of basic parameters (shape, spin axis orientation, activity locations), it is difficult to reveal the nature of cometary outgassing from the heliocentric water production rates. Similarly, the inter-comparison of water production curves of two such comets may not be meaningful.
Kepler-411: a four-planet system with an active host star
Authors: Sun L. , Ioannidis P. , Gu S. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Wang X. , Kouwenhoven M. B. N.
Published: February 2019

We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781). This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a period of 3 days (R = 2.4 R⊕; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8 days (R = 4.4 R⊕; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary candidate with a 58-day period (R = 3.3 R⊕; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain masses of 25.6 ± 2.6 M⊕ for Kepler-411b and 26.4 ± 5.9 M⊕ for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass of 15.2 ± 5.1 M⊕, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below 30°), we discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of 10.8 ± 1.1 M⊕ on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of 1.71 ± 0.39 g cm−3 and 2.32 ± 0.83 g cm−3, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles. Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky planets.
Estimate zebra mussel veliger density from the riverbanks, lotic stretch and reservoir, in two Mediterranean rivers (E Spain)
Authors: Morales Javier , Lizana Miguel , Flechoso Fabio , Bejarano Gina M. , Negro Ana I.
Published: February 2019

Larval detection is the most commonly used procedure for monitoring the presence of Zebra mussel,Dreissena polymorha. Different filtering techniques carried out on the banks of the Ebro (EB) and Júcar (JU) rivers (Eastern Spain) in different water conditions are compared. Low volume water filtration from the banks is a method sensitive enough to detect variations in larval density due to water temperature and flow rates. The EB densities were lower and related to the temperature of the water. In JU, different spawning strategies and a much extended period of larval releasing into the water occurred in two consecutive years. The presence of larvae in both rivers was constant for many months of the year, during which various reproductive cycles occurred, facilitated by high water temperatures during mid-spring to late fall. Shoreline surveys can be easily used for allowing the early warning of the presence of this dangerous invasive species, mitigating damages and preventing its spread into new areas. However, it is important to choose a suitable location for capturing the larvae on the banks of reservoirs and in flowing rivers.
Occurrence of non-native red cherry shrimp in European temperate waterbodies: a case study from Hungary
Authors: Weiperth András , Gábris Veronika , Danyik Tibor , Farkas Anna , Kuříková Pavlína , Kouba Antonín , Patoka Jiří
Published: February 2019

The international pet trade has caused numerous introductions of non-native species globally. This is also true for freshwater decapod crustaceans including the red cherry shrimp. This tiny creature has been previously found in thermally polluted waters in Europe (Germany and Poland). Here, we present its first occurrence in Hungary and in the entire Carpathian Basin. The species was sampled once per month over 1 yr, from November 2017 to November 2018 in a natural thermal pond (spa) and also in an adjoining non-thermal brook in Miskolctapolca, Hungary. Shrimps were preyed upon by adult fishes in the locality but many individuals, including ovigerous females and juveniles, were recorded within the survey continuously. The density of shrimps was positively correlated with the water temperature, despite some individuals being found in the non-thermal stream and also in winter. We consider that the population of this species in Hungary is now well-established and self-sustaining.
Effect of microstructure and grain size on DWTT properties of 22 mm thick X80M hot rolled steel strip
Authors: Wang Hao , Bao Yanping , Liu Yan , Wang Min , Wang Jiangang , Su Cheng
Published: February 2019

Aiming at improving the performance of 22 mm thick X80M hot rolled steel strip DWTT performance, simulated tests and industrial trials were carried out on a 550 mm test mill and a 2250 mm hot tandem mill. The effects of different starting temperature and the end temperature of finish rolling, cooling rate, coiling temperature on the microstructure and DWTT properties of the test steel were studied. The effects of austenite grain size on DWTT properties were studied by comparing the rough rolling reduction rate and the accumulative deformation rate in the non-recrystallized zone. The results show that uniform and fine original austenite grains can obtain uniform, and fine acicular ferrite lath bundles. The microstructure of acicular ferrite, granular bainite and a large number of fine M/A islands dispersed on ferrite matrix with high density dislocations has better DWTT performance. Meanwhile, the average effective grain size of X80M pipeline steel can be refined to obtain more grain boundary area per unit volume. Large angle grain boundary is beneficial to prevent crack propagation. Improving grain size of X80M pipeline steel strip is an effective measure to improve fracture toughness. Under this chemical composition, the final pass reduction ratio in roughing mill of X80M pipeline steel is ≥26%, the thickness of intermediate slab is 68 mm,the starting temperature of finish rolling is 900 °C, the end temperature of finish rolling is 810 °C, the cooling rate is 25 °C/s, the coiling temperature is below 400 °C, and DWTT toughness fracture ratio can reach more than 85%, which can meet the application requirements of pipeline steel for the extreme conditions of −15 °C in the west-east gas pipeline.
Das ZI-Track-Konzept in der modernen Psychiatrie: Eine syndromspezifische sektorenübergreifende Behandlung
Authors: Leweke F. Markus , Hirjak Dusan , Staudter Claus , Borgwedel Doris , Coenen-Daniel Maria , Heser Marco , Erk Katrin , Juckel Georg , Beivers Andreas , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Published: February 2019

Die leitliniengerechte Versorgung wiederkehrend oder chronisch psychisch kranker Menschen stellt eine Herausforderung dar, die sowohl sich entwickelnden diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten als auch den gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen Rechnung tragen muss. Durch diese Veränderungen ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit zur Weiterentwicklung von stationären, tagesklinischen und ambulanten Behandlungsansätzen. Eine vielversprechende Behandlungsalternative bietet das sogenannte „Track-Konzept“. Ein „Track“ bzw. eine „Track-Einheit“ ist als eine symptom- und syndromspezifisch ausgerichtete, dezentral arbeitende, modular aufgebaute und an die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Patienten angepasste sektorenübergreifend integrierte stationär-teilstationär-ambulante Einheit zu verstehen. Dieses Konzept erlaubt es, Patienten über die gesamte Spanne der psychiatrischen Versorgung von der Diagnostik und Therapie in der Akutphase über die stationäre und teilstationäre Regelbehandlung bis hin zur ambulanten Betreuung ohne Brüche stadiengerecht eine Behandlungskontinuität anzubieten. Obwohl das Track-Konzept zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität bei gleichzeitiger Sicherung der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit einer Klinik substantiell beitragen kann, stellt seine Umsetzung im klinischen Alltag eine Herausforderung dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich den theoretischen Gesichtspunkten eines setting-übergreifenden Behandlungssystems im psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Bereich. Dabei haben die Autoren den Anspruch, diese alternative Therapiemodalität aus ethischen, therapeutischen, personellen und weiterbildungsrelevanten Perspektiven zu beleuchten.
Beeinträchtigung der Sehbahn bei Glaukomen
Authors: Schmidt Manuel , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Michelson Georg
Published: February 2019

Bei Glaukomen ist die Darstellung der Sehbahn mittels Diffusionsbildgebung und metabolischer MRT möglich; es findet sich mit zunehmendem Alter eine Atrophie der Sehstrahlung, welche das Ausmaß der physiologischen Hirnvolumenminderung deutlich übersteigt. Bei den unterschiedlichen Glaukomsubtypen erlaubt die qualitative Auswertung der Diffusionsbildgebung mit Berechnung von fraktionaler Anisotropie (FA) und radialer Diffusivität (RD) die Beurteilung der axonalen Integrität entlang der Sehbahn. Es finden sich bei Glaukomen bereits im Anfangsstadium der Erkrankung deutliche FA- und RD-Veränderungen sowohl entlang der Sehbahn wie auch in weiteren Hirnregionen außerhalb der Sehbahn, die nahelegen, dass es sich beim Glaukom um eine komplexe neurodegenerative Erkrankung handelt. Die metabolische MRT wird uns künftig weitere Einblicke in die Pathophysiologie verschiedener Glaukomformen geben und damit zum Therapiemonitoring beitragen und die Diagnostik verbessern.
Die idiopathische Mauke – eine therapeutische Herausforderung
Authors: Gerdes Anja
Published: February 2019

Die ekzematöse Dermatitis war und ist eine unangenehme und zum Teil folgenschwere Erkrankung für das Pferd – und nach wie vor eine Herausforderung bezüglich ihrer Behandlung. Auf die Hintergründe, die klinische Einteilung und Symptomatik sowie Anamnese und Diagnostik wird im Folgenden näher eingegangen. Die Überlieferungen aus der volkstümlichen Erfahrungsmedizin und alternativ- bzw. komplementärmedizinische Therapiemöglichkeiten werden kritisch erörtert.
Visual Performance, Subjective Satisfaction and Quality of Life Effect of a New Refractive Intraocular Lens with Central Extended Depth of Focus
Authors: Gillmann Kevin , Mermoud André
Published: February 2019

Purpose To assess the visual performance, clinical and quality of life outcomes, and subjective patient satisfaction after implantation of a new refractive/extended depth of focus (EDOF) hybrid intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods This is a monocentric, retrospective study of 29 patients (45 eyes), carried out in a tertiary care glaucoma research centre. All patients underwent implantation of a Lucidis (Swiss Advanced Vision, SAV-IOL SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland) IOL during cataract surgery. Near, intermediate, and distance best-corrected visual acuities and uncorrected visual acuities were collected at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Adverse events, contrast sensitivity, optical aberrations, subjective satisfaction, and spectacle independence were also analysed at 3 months.

Results At 3 months postoperatively, the mean photopic uncorrected monocular distance, and intermediate and near visual acuities were 0.2 logMAR (~ 20/32), 0.07 logMAR (~ 20/23), and 0.15 logMAR (~ 20/28), respectively. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.05 logMAR (~ 20/23) for distance and 0.03 logMAR (~ 20/21) for near vision. Mean photopic contrast sensitivity was 1.5 log. The mean root mean square (RMS) was 0.119 ± 0.05 µm. Subjectively, over the 3-month follow-up, 9% of patients (n = 4) complained of halos, and 2% (n = 1) of photophobia. No other adverse events were noted.

Conclusions The Lucidis IOL demonstrates a good safety profile, with an acceptably low complication rate. While the uncorrected visual performance of this new optical design is inferior to that of other EDOF IOLs for distance vision, it achieves better results in intermediate and near vision, with consistently near-normal contrast sensitivity. Interestingly, self-reported spectacle independence and subjective patient satisfaction were high for all distances.
Antibiotikatherapie von Infektionen bei
Verbrennungspatienten – Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Houschyar K.S. , Tapking C. , Duscher D. , Wallner C. , Sogorski A. , Rein S. , Pförringer D. , Reumuth G. , Weissenberg K. , Grieb G. , Branski L.K. , Siemers F. , Behr B. , Lehnhardt M.
Published: February 2019

Hintergrund Durch den Verlust der natürlichen Hautbarrierefunktion und
folglich reduzierter Immunkompetenz infolge eines Plasmaverlustes sowie
zahlreichen intensivmedizinischen Interventionen sind Verbrennungspatienten
besonders gefährdet für Infektionen.

Studiendesign Systematische Übersichtsarbeit

Methoden In einer systematischen Übersicht der deutsch- und
englischsprachigen Literatur zwischen 1990 und 2018 werden epidemiologische und
diagnostische Aspekte sowie der therapeutische Einsatz von Antibiotika bei
Infektionen von Verbrennungspatienten in klinischen Studien analysiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt erfüllten 53 randomisiert kontrollierte klinische
Studien die Auswahlkriterien. Untersucht wurden verschiedene
Arten/Applikationsformen der antibiotischen Prophylaxe bei Verbrennungswunden:
Topisch, systemisch (generell), systemisch (perioperativ), nicht absorbierbare
Antibiotika (= selektive Darmdekontamination), lokal (inhaliert) und jegliche
Applikationsformen versus Kontrolle. Die frühe „Postburn-Prophylaxe“ wurde bei
Patienten mit geringgradiger Verbrennung (sechs Studien) und Patienten mit
schwerer Verbrennung (sieben Studien) untersucht. Die antimikrobielle Prophylaxe
zeigte keine präventive Wirksamkeit des toxischen Schocksyndroms bei
geringgradigen Verbrennungen, ist aber bei Patienten mit schweren Verbrennungen
und der Notwendigkeit einer mechanischen Beatmung nützlich. Die perioperative
Prophylaxe (= Metaphylaxe) wurde in zehn Studien untersucht.

Schlussfolgerung Der Nutzen für eine längerfristige systemische
antibiotische Prophylaxe bei der Mehrheit von Verbrennungspatienten ist nicht
evident. Leichte Infektionen in stabilem klinischen Zustand sind engmaschig zu
beobachten, während bei schwerer Infektion die internationalen Sepsis-Leitlinien
und das Tarragona-Prinzip empfohlen werden.
A cumulative meta-analysis of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation versus endoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of common bile duct stones
Authors: Tringali Alberto , Rota Matteo , Rossi Marta , Hassan Cesare , Adler Douglas G. , Mutignani Massimiliano
Published: February 2019

Background Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) was introduced to overcome the risk of adverse events associated with endoscopic sphincterotomy in the removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy and safety of EPBD vs. endoscopic sphincterotomy, focusing on stone size, balloon diameter, and balloon dilation time.

Methods A multiple database search was performed, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, from their inception date until October 2017. RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of EPBD vs. endoscopic sphincterotomy in the removal of CBD stones were included. Cumulative meta-analyses over time, and subgroup analyses according to stone size, and balloon diameter and dilation time were carried out.

Results 25 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Despite the cumulative meta-analysis showing a trend over time in favor of endoscopic sphincterotomy in studies published up to 2004, the conventional meta-analysis revealed that EPBD was equally efficacious compared with endoscopic sphincterotomy in stone removal at first attempt (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.65 – 1.38). Endoscopic sphincterotomy was superior to EPBD in terms of overall stone clearance (OR 0.65, 95 %CI 0.43 – 0.99) in studies published since 2002, but no differences emerged in studies using large ( ≥ 10 mm) balloons (OR 1.37, 95 %CI 0.72 – 2.62). No statistically significant difference in pancreatitis occurrence emerged between EPBD and endoscopic sphincterotomy (OR 1.35, 95 %CI 0.90 – 2.03). Pancreatitis was more common with EPBD than with endoscopic sphincterotomy in studies using balloons < 10 mm (OR 1.78, 95 %CI 1.07 – 2.97), whereas no difference emerged in studies using large balloons (OR 0.84, 95 %CI 0.46 – 1.53). EPBD had lower rates of bleeding and cholecystitis.

Conclusions Our latest data confirm that EPBD is currently inferior to endoscopic sphincterotomy in terms of overall stone clearance. However, EPBD using large balloons (≥ 10 mm) was as effective as endoscopic sphincterotomy, both in stone clearance and the need for endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy, without carrying an increased risk of pancreatitis.
A Dendralenic C–H Acid
Authors: Höfler Denis , Goddard Richard , Nöthling Nils , List Benjamin
Published: February 2019

The design and synthesis of a strong, dendralenic C–H acid is described. Crystal structure analyses confirm the proposed structure. Despite the moderate stability of our motif, an application to Brønsted acid catalysis has been explored.
Diagnosing Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sachs Ulrich J.
Published: February 2019

Although the detection of a characteristic autoantibody can prove immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), this diagnosis is often based on the exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia. Direct glycoprotein (GP)-specific tests have the property required to demonstrate such a characteristic autoantibody. In contrast, platelet-associated immunoglobulin G or antibody detection in plasma or serum is an insufficient diagnostic test. Moreover, data for commercial capture assays are sparse and their use is currently not recommended. A significant drawback of direct GP-specific tests is their low sensitivity, and a negative test result has no relevance. It is therefore also useful to establish a diagnosis of (primarily) hyperdestructive thrombocytopenia. A full blood count together with the immature platelet fraction has an excellent positive predictive value for ITP. Plasma glycocalicin has no apparent diagnostic value in identifying ITP patients, and conflicting data for TPO preclude its use for diagnostic purposes.
Evaluation of different dispersion models for correlation of spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray reflectometry
Authors: Likhachev D. V.
Published: February 2019

The importance of proper modeling of the materials’ optical properties for interpretation of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) data is pretty much impossible to underestimate. In this study, the thickness-dependent titanium nitride (TiN) optical properties were represented by the multiple-oscillator Drude–Lorentz, Forouhi–Bloomer, and Lorentz optical dispersions with different numbers of parameters. The dielectric function of thin TiN films with intermediate behavior can be appropriately expressed in terms of 9–13 model parameters. Using X-ray reflectometry (XRR) as a reference technique and taking into account surface roughness of TiN films, it has been shown that three-term Lorentz dispersion model provides not only the best fit quality for the nominal thicknesses ranging from 125 Å to 350 Å but also an extremely good SE–XRR linear correlation with slope 1.05 ± 0.01, intercept −9.88 ± 2.06 Å, and R2 = 0.9998. Use of other dispersion models results in a somewhat worse correlation with XRR measurements. Thus, an appropriate modeling of the film optical properties is one of the factors needed to be considered to establish well-grounded and credible SE and XRR correlation in case of using XRR as a reference technique, i.e., calibrating SE using x-ray reflectivity.
A diaphragm-free fiber Fabry-Perot gas pressure sensor
Authors: Zhang L. , Jiang Y. , Gao H. , Jia J. , Cui Y. , Ma W. , Wang S. , Hu J.
Published: February 2019

A diaphragm-free fiber gas pressure sensor based on the extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is fabricated by fusion splicing a sandwich structure of a single mode fiber, a hollow core fiber (HCF), and a coreless fiber. A femtosecond (fs) laser is employed to drill a micro-channel on the side wall of the HCF to allow gas entering/exiting the HCF. The refractive index of the gas has a linear relationship with the gas pressure. Thus, the gas pressure can be detected by investigating the optical path difference of the EFPI. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor exhibits a high gas pressure sensitivity of ∼1.80 µm/MPa from vacuum to 10 MPa at room temperature. Pressure responses under high temperatures are also investigated. The proposed sensor has properties of robust structure, miniature size, large measuring range, and high sensitivity.
Electrically tunable quantum emitters in an ultrathin graphene–hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Scavuzzo Alessio , Mangel Shai , Park Ji-Hoon , Lee Sanghyup , Loc Duong Dinh , Strelow Christian , Mews Alf , Burghard Marko , Kern Klaus
Published: February 2019

We explore the photoluminescence (PL) properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) quantum emitters embedded within atomically thin graphene/h-BN heterostructures fabricated by mechanical transfer. Stable light emission could be observed from h-BN emitters which due to the local presence of multilayer h-BN are not subject to fluorescence quenching by graphene. By using graphene as a top gate contact, the PL emission can be tuned by up to 24 meV per V/nm, with a high robustness of the emitters over several voltage sweep cycles. Two different types of h-BN emitters were observed, one with a quadratic and the other one with a linear Stark shift. Moreover, the vertical electric field leads to an asymmetric modulation of both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime between the negative and positive gate voltage regimes. The overall behavior can be well explained by a model involving different rates for electron and hole tunneling between the h-BN and graphene layers. Our findings suggest ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures as valuable platforms for fine tuning the optoelectronic properties of atomic defect-based quantum emitters.
Nuclear singlet relaxation by scalar relaxation of the second kind in the slow-fluctuation regime
Authors: Elliott S. J. , Bengs C. , Brown L. J. , Hill-Cousins J. T. , O’Leary D. J. , Pileio G. , Levitt M. H.
Published: February 2019

The singlet state of nuclear spin-1/2 pairs is protected against many common relaxation mechanisms. Singlet order, which is defined as the population difference between the nuclear singlet and triplet states, usually decays more slowly than the nuclear magnetization. Nevertheless, some decay mechanisms for nuclear singlet order persist. One such mechanism is called scalar relaxation of the second kind (SR2K) and involves the relaxation of additional nuclei (“third spins”) which have scalar couplings to the spin-1/2 pair. This mechanism requires a difference between the couplings of at least one third spin with the two members of the spin-1/2 pair, and depends on the longitudinal relaxation time of the third spin. The SR2K mechanism of nuclear singlet relaxation has previously been examined in the case where the relaxation rate of the additional spins is on the time scale of the nuclear Larmor frequency. In this paper, we consider a different regime, in which the longitudinal relaxation of the third spins is on a similar time scale to the J-coupling between the members of the spin pair. This regime is often encountered when the spin-1/2 pair has scalar couplings to nearby deuterium nuclei. We show that the SR2K mechanism may be suppressed in this regime by applying a radiofrequency field which is resonant either with the members of the spin pair, or with the third spins. These phenomena are analyzed theoretically and by numerical simulations, and demonstrated experimentally on a diester of [13C2, 2H2]-labeled fumarate in solution.
Double-wedge prism imaging tracking device based on the adaptive boresight adjustment principle
Authors: Li Anhu , Zhong Shengze , Liu Xingsheng , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2019

A double-wedge prism device has been used in various imaging detection applications due to its high precision and strong anti-disturbance capability. In this paper, a self-adaptation double-wedge prism boresight adjustment principle suitable for both far-field and near-field target tracking is proposed. In order to realize this application, an adaptive variable boresight imaging tracking device is designed specifically. Then a tracking error model is established, and dynamic simulation, error evaluation, and sensitivity analysis are carried out according to the design objective. The experimental results show that the pitch angle deviation and azimuth angle deviation of the device are less than 6′, and the blind zone can be eliminated by adding a third wedge prism, thus achieving high-precision boresight adjustment and tracking.
Size-dependent plasmonic resonance of rectangular resonator coupled with plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Kamada Shun , Okamoto Toshihiro , Haraguchi Masanobu
Published: February 2019

In this study, we propose and investigate a rectangular resonator coupled with metal/insulator/metal-(MIM)-type plasmonic waveguides (PWGs) for application in strain or refractive index sensors. Two types of resonance modes due to different propagation directions of the surface plasmon polaritons in the rectangular resonator are analyzed through numerical simulation. The proposed device is realized by placing a rectangular resonator on MIM-type PWGs fabricated on a glass substrate, and the experimental transmission spectra of this device are found to be in good agreement with the results of numerical simulation. Two types of resonance modes with different amounts of shift are clearly observed. The change of 10 nm in the size of the rectangular resonator is detected by using the resonance mode.
Infrared spectra of neutral dimethylamine clusters: An infrared-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic and anharmonic vibrational calculation study
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Huang Qian-Rui , Jiang Shukang , Chen Li-Wei , Hsu Po-Jen , Wang Chong , Hao Ce , Kong Xiangtao , Dai Dongxu , Yang Xueming , Kuo Jer-Lai , Jiang Ling
Published: February 2019

Infrared-vacuum ultraviolet (IR-VUV) spectra of neutral dimethylamine clusters, (DMA)n (n = 2–5), were measured in the spectral range of 2600–3700 cm−1. The experimental IR-VUV spectra show NH stretch modes gradually redshift to 3200-3250 cm−1 with the increase in the cluster size and complex Fermi Resonance (FR) pattern of the CH3 group in the 2800–3000 cm−1 region. Ab initio anharmonic vibrational calculations were performed on low-energy conformers of (DMA)2 and (DMA)3 to examine vibrational coupling among CH/NH and to understand the Fermi resonance pattern in the observed spectra features. We found that the redshift of NH stretching mode with the size of DMA cluster is moderate, and the overtone of NH bending modes is expected to overlap in frequency with the CH stretching fundamental modes. The FR in CH3 groups is originated from the strong coupling between CH stretching fundamental and bending overtone within a CH3 group. Well-resolved experimental spectra also enable us to compare the performance of ab initio anharmonic algorithms at different levels.
Suppression of the shear Raman mode in defective bilayer MoS2
Authors: Maguire Pierce , Downing Clive , Jadwiszczak Jakub , O’Brien Maria , Keane Darragh , McManus John B. , Duesberg Georg S. , Nicolosi Valeria , McEvoy Niall , Zhang Hongzhou
Published: February 2019

We investigate the effects of lattice disorders on the low frequency Raman spectra of bilayer MoS2. The bilayer MoS2 was subjected to defect engineering by irradiation with a 30 keV He+ ion beam, and the induced morphology change was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. When increasing the ion dose, the shear mode is observed to red-shift, and it is also suppressed sharply compared to other Raman peaks. We use the linear chain model to describe the changes to the Raman spectra. Our observations suggest that the crystallite size and orientation are the dominant factors behind the changes to the Raman spectra.
Enhanced MWIR absorption of HgCdTe (MCT) via plasmonic metal oxide nanostructures
Authors: Vanamala Nagendrababu , Santiago Kevin C. , Das Naresh C.
Published: February 2019

Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) is the premier active material used in infrared (IR) detection technology. The most recent work related to the improvement of MCT-based detectors is associated with reducing the s/n ratio, and increasing the operating temperature without compromising performance. However, little has been done in manipulating the Electric field intensity near the absorber region of the device. Our numerical studies show that the absorption profile of MCT in the mid-infrared can be enhanced by integrating metal oxide nanostructures. This work may improve the dynamic range and sensitivity of infrared detectors capable of operating in multiple detection windows.
Agriculture, brolgas and Australian sarus cranes on the Atherton Tablelands, Australia
Authors: Nevard Timothy D. , Franklin Donald C. , Leiper Ian , Archibald George , Garnett Stephen T.
Published: February 2019

Flocks of brolgas (Antigone rubicunda) and Australian sarus cranes (A. antigone gillae) congregate in cropping areas of the Atherton Tablelands in north Queensland, Australia, during the non-breeding months of May to December each year and sometimes come into conflict with farmers. The central part of the region has been declared a Key Biodiversity Area, largely because it is the only well known non-breeding area for the Australian sarus crane. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of use of this landscape for foraging by the two species to determine how they might be affected by changes in cropping. Abundances of the species were positively correlated with each other over both time and space. Sarus cranes were nevertheless markedly more abundant on the fertile volcanic soils of the central Tablelands, whilst brolgas were more abundant on a variety of soils in outlying cropping areas close to roost sites, especially in the south-west of the region. Both species used a wide variety of crops and pastures but occurred at highest densities on ploughed land and areas from which crops (especially maize) had been harvested. In addition, brolgas were also strongly associated with early-stage winter cereals with volunteer peanuts from the previous crop. We conclude that maize and peanut crops are important as foraging sites for both species during the non-breeding season, a situation that requires management in the interest of both cranes and farmers, especially as cropping patterns intensify and agricultural technology changes. However, we also note that flocking on the Atherton Tablelands indicates that brolgas and sarus cranes are likely to be adaptable to change and able to take advantage of newly created cropping areas.
The Asylum Seeker Integrated Healthcare Pathway: a collaborative approach to improving access to primary health care in South Eastern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cheng I-Hao , McBride Jacquie , Decker Miriam , Watson Therese , Jakubenko Hannah , Russo Alana
Published: February 2019

It is important to address the health needs of asylum seekers within the early stages of their arrival in Australia, as this impacts all aspects of their resettlement. However, asylum seekers face a range of barriers to accessing timely and appropriate health care in the community. In 2012, the increasing number of asylum seekers in Australia placed additional demand on health and social services in high-settlement regions. Health providers experienced a substantial increase in Medicare ineligible clients and avoidable presentations to Emergency Departments, and the health needs of new asylum seeker arrivals were not being fully addressed. In response, South Eastern Melbourne Medicare Local, Monash Health, the Australian Red Cross and local settlement support agencies collaborated to develop an integrated healthcare pathway in South Eastern Melbourne to facilitate healthcare access for asylum seekers released from detention. From September 2012 to December 2014, a total of 951 asylum seekers transitioned through the pathway. Seventy-eight percent required primary healthcare assistance, and were provided with a service appointment within 3 weeks of their arrival in Melbourne. This initiative has demonstrated the value of partnership and collaboration when responding to emergent asylum seeker health needs.
Mechanism of actin polymerization revealed by cryo-EM structures of actin filaments with three different bound nucleotides
Authors: Chou Steven Z. , Pollard Thomas D.
Published: February 2019

We used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to reconstruct actin filaments with bound AMPPNP (β,γ-imidoadenosine 5′-triphosphate, an ATP analog, resolution 3.1 Å), ADP-P
i
(ADP with inorganic phosphate, resolution 3.1 Å), or ADP (resolution 3.6 Å). Subunits in the three filaments have similar backbone conformations, so assembly rather than ATP hydrolysis or phosphate dissociation is responsible for their flattened conformation in filaments. Polymerization increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by changing the positions of the side chains of Q137 and H161 in the active site. Flattening during assembly also promotes interactions along both the long-pitch and short-pitch helices. In particular, conformational changes in subdomain 3 open up multiple favorable interactions with the DNase-I binding loop in subdomain 2 of the adjacent subunit. Subunits at the barbed end of the filament are likely to be in this favorable conformation, while monomers are not. This difference explains why filaments grow faster at the barbed end than the pointed end. When phosphate dissociates from ADP-P
i
-actin through a backdoor channel, the conformation of the C terminus changes so it distorts the DNase binding loop, which allows cofilin binding, and a network of interactions among S14, H73, G74, N111, R177, and G158 rearranges to open the phosphate release site.
Diblock copolymers enhance folding of a mechanosensitive membrane protein during cell-free expression
Authors: Jacobs Miranda L. , Boyd Margrethe A. , Kamat Neha P.
Published: February 2019

Significance

Membrane protein folding is a critical step that underlies proper cellular function as well as the design of technologies like vesicle-based biosensors and artificial cells. Membrane composition is known to play a role in membrane protein folding; however, the specific mechanical properties of membranes that govern protein folding remain unclear. Using a highly elastic nonnatural amphiphile, we highlight the importance of a membrane mechanical property, membrane elasticity, on the spontaneous insertion and folding of a model α-helical membrane protein. Through this study, we gain a deeper understanding of cellular membrane protein folding and offer a potential approach to improve the production of membrane proteins through optimizing the mechanical properties of synthetic scaffolds present in cell-free reactions.
Coupling between dynamic 3D tissue architecture and BMP morphogen signaling during
Drosophila
wing morphogenesis
Authors: Gui Jinghua , Huang Yunxian , Montanari Martin , Toddie-Moore Daniel , Kikushima Kenji , Nix Stephanie , Ishimoto Yukitaka , Shimmi Osamu
Published: February 2019

Significance

Tissue morphogenesis is a dynamic process often accompanied by cell patterning and differentiation. Although how conserved growth factor signaling affects cell and tissue shapes has been actively studied, much less is known about how signaling and dynamic morphogenesis are mutually coordinated. Our study shows that BMP signaling and 3D morphogenesis of the
Drosophila
pupal wing are tightly coupled. These findings are highlighted by the fact that the directionality of BMP signal is changed from lateral planar during the inflation stage to interplanar after re-apposition of the dorsal and ventral wing epithelia. We suspect that the dynamic interplay between planar and interplanar signaling linked to tissue shape changes is likely to be used across species in many developing organs.
Defining the economic scope for ecosystem-based fishery management
Authors: Kroetz Kailin , Reimer Matthew N. , Sanchirico James N. , Lew Daniel K. , Huetteman Justine
Published: February 2019

Significance

Ecosystem-based fisheries management provides a framework for incorporating ecological linkages between fisheries into policymaking. However, relatively little attention has been given to economic linkages between fisheries: If fishers consider multiple fisheries when deciding where, when, and how much to fish, there is potential for management decisions in one fishery to generate spillover impacts in other fisheries. We evaluate changes in participation and economic connectivity of fisheries following the implementation of Alaska’s catch-share programs. Catch shares are increasingly used worldwide and typically implemented and evaluated on a single-fishery basis. We provide evidence that changes beyond the catch-share fishery have occurred, suggesting that spillovers should be considered when designing and evaluating catch-share policies.
Vibrio cholerae
FeoB contains a dual nucleotide-specific NTPase domain essential for ferrous iron uptake
Authors: Shin Minhye , Mey Alexandra R. , Payne Shelley M.
Published: February 2019

Significance

Many bacteria encode ferrous iron transporters to obtain essential iron. The ferrous iron transporter FeoB has a GTPase domain that closely resembles eukaryotic G proteins; however, the role of the GTPase and mechanistic details of Feo iron transport are unclear. In this report, we show that
Vibrio cholerae
FeoB possesses ATP, as well as GTP, hydrolysis activity. The ATPase activity was sufficient for functional ferrous iron transport. The demonstration of simultaneous ATPase and GTPase activities of FeoB provides important insights into both iron transport and the complexity of bacterial G proteins.
H5N8 and H7N9 packaging signals constrain HA reassortment with a seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus
Authors: White Maria C. , Tao Hui , Steel John , Lowen Anice C.
Published: February 2019

Significance

Influenza A viruses (IAV) can exchange genetic material in coinfected cells in a process termed reassortment. The last three IAV pandemic strains arose from reassortment events involving human and nonhuman IAVs. Because introduction of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from a nonhuman virus is required for a pandemic, we addressed the compatibility of human and avian IAV. We show that sequence differences between human and avian HA genes limit the potential for reassortment. However, human IAV still incorporated heterologous HA genes at a low level in coinfected animals. This observed low level of incorporation could become significant if reassortant viruses had a fitness advantage within the host, such as resistance to preexisting immunity, and highlights the continued need for IAV surveillance.
Depletion of regulatory T cells in tumors with an anti-CD25 immunotoxin induces CD8 T cell-mediated systemic antitumor immunity
Authors: Onda Masanori , Kobayashi Kazuto , Pastan Ira
Published: February 2019

Significance

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) protect cancer cells from immune attack. Tregs express CD25 on their surface and can be killed by antibodies and immunoconjugates targeting CD25. These agents have not been effective in controlling tumor growth, probably because they also kill cytotoxic CD8 T cells expressing CD25 that are needed for antitumor activity. To overcome these deficiencies, we have directly injected tumors with a potent anti-CD25 immunotoxin, 2E4-PE38, that kills CD25-expressing Treg cells in the tumor, causes injected and distant tumors to regress, and induces antitumor immunity. Because 2E4-PE38 is present at very low concentrations in the blood, it does not kill CD25-expressing cells at distant sites. This strategy could be employed for treating tumors in people.
Criticism and justification of negotiated compromises
Authors: Laar Jan Albert van , Krabbe Erik C. W.
Published: February 2019

The paper focuses on conflicts about an already negotiated compromise, taking as its example a debate in Dutch
parliament about the approval of the Paris Agreement on climate change of 2015. It deals with a variety of worries that opponents
of approval may advance and the arguments in its defense thus invited. It concludes with a profile of dialogue providing
reasonable options for those involved in such a conflict.