bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoothed solutions in the kinetic theory of e+e- vacuum pair creation in strong laser fields. Linear polarization
Authors: Smolyansky S. A. , Prozorkevich A. V. , Dmitriev V. V. , Tarakanov A. V.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the dynamical Schwinger effect of vacuum creation of electron–positron pairs driven by an intense laser pulse is studied on the basis of correct quantum kinetic theory. In the general case, the numerical solutions of corresponding system of kinetic equations exhibit complex time dependence which makes the analysis of the physical processes complicated. In particular, the question of secondary effects, such as creation of annihilation photons from the focus spot of the colliding laser beams, remains an important open problem. In our previous work [S. A. Smolyansky, M. Bonitz and A. V. Prozorkevich, Contrib. Plasma Phys.53 (2013) 788], we presented a perturbation theory which is able to capture the dominant time dependence of the produced electron–positron pair distribution during the pulse (quasiparticle excitations). In the present work, we develop appreciably this approximation scheme. We demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method for solution of such kind nonstationary problems in the simplest models of the laser field. However, this approach opens perspective for search of the relevant approximate solutions in kinetic theory of the e+e- quasiparticle plasma for the more realistic field models (arbitrary polarization, space inhomogeneous, etc).
Probabilistic proofs of some q-identities
Authors: Wang Mingjin
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we use probabilistic method to prove the three well-known q-identities: the identity of Andrews, Mehler's formula, the Jackson q-analogue of the Euler transform.
Raman spectroscopy for detection of imatinib in plasma: A proof of concept
Authors: Rath Sanhita , Sahu Aditi , Gota Vikram , Martínez-Torres P. G. , Pichardo-Molina J. L. , Murali Krishna C.
Published: November 2014

Imatinib is the standard first line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Owing to dose-related toxicities of Imatinib such as neutropenia, there is scope for treatment optimization through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Trough concentration of 1 μg/mL is considered the therapeutic threshhold. Existing methods for the detection of Imatinib in plasma are limited by long read out time and expensive instrumentation. Hence, Raman spectroscopy was explored as a rapid and objective tool for monitoring Imatinib concentration. Three approaches: conventional Raman spectroscopy (CRS), Drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were employed to detect the required trough concentration of 1 μg/mL and above. Detection of therapeutically relevant concentrations (1 μg/mL) using SERS and suitable nanoparticle substrates has been demonstrated. Prospectively, rigorous validation using clinical samples is necessary to confirm the utility of this approach in routine clinical usage.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Dendritic Morphogenesis
Authors: Dong Xintong , Shen Kang , Bülow Hannes E.
Published: November 2014

The complex, branched morphology of dendrites is a cardinal feature of neurons and has been used as a criterion for cell type identification since the beginning of neurobiology. Regulated dendritic outgrowth and branching during development form the basis of receptive fields for neurons and are essential for the wiring of the nervous system. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of dendritic morphogenesis have been an intensely studied area. In this review, we summarize the major experimental systems that have contributed to our understandings of dendritic development as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that instruct the neurons to form cell type–specific dendritic arbors.
Cilia Dysfunction in Lung Disease
Authors: Tilley Ann E. , Walters Matthew S. , Shaykhiev Renat , Crystal Ronald G.
Published: November 2014

A characteristic feature of the human airway epithelium is the presence of ciliated cells bearing motile cilia, specialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which provide ATP-driven motility. In the airways, cilia function in concert with airway mucus to mediate the critical function of mucociliary clearance, cleansing the airways of inhaled particles and pathogens. The prototypical disorder of respiratory cilia is primary ciliary dyskinesia, an inherited disorder that leads to impaired mucociliary clearance, to repeated chest infections, and to the progressive destruction of lung architecture. Numerous acquired lung diseases are also marked by abnormalities in both cilia structure and function. In this review we summarize current knowledge regarding airway ciliated cells and cilia, how they function to maintain a healthy epithelium, and how disorders of cilia structure and function contribute to inherited and acquired lung disease.
Osteoma of the Medial Wall of the Maxillary Sinus: A Primary Cause of Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saratziotis Athanasios , Emanuelli Enzo
Published: November 2014

A 74-year-old male patient presented to the outpatient department with left-sided epiphora and chronic dacryocystitis, without any history of head trauma or previous nasal or paranasal sinuses surgery. No abnormalities were noted at the time with the use of nasal endoscopy. The computed tomography scan however revealed an osteoma of the medial wall of the left maxillary sinus. An endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with osteoma removal by using a drill with temporary silicone stenting of the nasolacrimal duct system was performed. Due to a granuloma formation at the DCR-window site 2 months postoperatively a revision-DCR was performed and the new window remained patent at control 6 months after surgery.
Dynamics of the Zeros of Analytic Continued(h,q)-Euler Polynomials
Authors: Ryoo C. S.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we study that the(h,q)-Euler numbersEn,q(h)and(h,q)-Euler polynomialsEn,q(h)(x)are analytic continued toEq(h)(s)andEq(h)(s,w). We investigate the new concept of dynamics of the zeros of analytic continued polynomials related to solution of Bernoulli equation. Finally, we observe an interesting phenomenon of “scattering” of the zeros ofEq(h)(s,w).
Skin Sparing Mastectomy with Preservation of Nipple Areola Complex and Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Single Centre Prospective Study
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debarati , Gupta Souradip , Jash Prabir Kumar , Murmu Marang Buru , Gupta Sandipan
Published: November 2014

Background. Skin and nipple areola sparing mastectomy (NASM) has recently gained popularity as the management of breast cancer. This study aims to evaluate the aesthetic outcome, patient satisfaction, and oncological safety of NASM. Methods. The study prospectively analyzes the results of NASM and immediate breast reconstruction in 34 women with breast cancer. The criteria for inclusion were core biopsy-proven, peripherally located breast cancer of any tumor size and with any “N” status, with documented negative intraoperative frozen section biopsy of retroareolar tissue, and distance from the nipple to tumor margin >2 cm on mammography. Results. The median age of the patients was 45 years. The majority had either stage II or stage III breast cancer. The median mammographic distance of tumor from nipple areola complex (NAC) was 3.8 cm. The overall operative morbidity was minimal. The NAC could be preserved in all the patients. There was no local recurrence of tumor at median follow-up of 28.5 months. The aesthetic outcomes were satisfactory. Conclusion. NASM and immediate breast reconstruction can be successfully achieved with minimal morbidity and very low risk of local recurrence in appropriately selected breast cancer patients, with acceptable aesthetic results and good patient satisfaction.
A Phytopharmacological Review on a Medicinal Plant: Juniperus communis
Authors: Bais Souravh , Gill Naresh Singh , Rana Nitan , Shandil Shandeep
Published: November 2014

Juniperus communis is a shrub or small evergreen tree, native to Europe, South Asia, and North America, and belongs to family Cupressaceae. It has been widely used as herbal medicine from ancient time. Traditionally the plant is being potentially used as antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antiseptic and in the treatment of various abdominal disorders. The main chemical constituents, which were reported in J. communis L. are α-pinene, β-pinene, apigenin, sabinene, β-sitosterol, campesterol, limonene, cupressuflavone, and many others. This review includes the last 20 years journals and various books update on this plant, representing its pharmacological activity and health benefits against various diseases.
TheCCR5Δ32Polymorphism in Brazilian Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Lopes Mariana Pezzute , Santos Magnun Nueldo Nunes , Faber Eliel Wagner , Bezerra Marcos André Cavalcanti , Hatzlhofer Betânia Lucena Domingues , Albuquerque Dulcinéia Martins , Zaccariotto Tânia Regina , Ribeiro Daniela Maria , Araújo Aderson da Silva , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Sonati Maria de Fátima
Published: November 2014

Background. Previous studies on the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) suggested that theCCR5Δ32allele, which is responsible for the production of truncated C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), could confer a selective advantage on patients with SCD because it leads to a less efficient Th1 response. We determined the frequency of theCCR5Δ32polymorphism in 795 Afro-Brazilian SCD patients followed up at the Pernambuco Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, in Northeastern Brazil, divided into a pediatric group (3 months–17 years,n=483) and an adult group (18–70 years,n=312). The adult patients were also compared to a healthy control group (blood donors, 18–61 years,n=247).Methods. TheCCR5/CCR5Δ32polymorphism was determined by allele-specific PCR.Results. No homozygous patient for theCCR5Δ32allele was detected. The frequency of heterozygotes in the study population (patients and controls) was 5.8%, in the total SCD patients 5.1%, in the children 5.4%, in the adults with SCD 4.8%, and in the adult controls 8.1%. These differences did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions. Our findings failed to demonstrate an important role of theCCR5Δ32allele in the population sample studied here.
Is There a Role for Probiotics in Liver Disease?
Authors: Lo Robert S. , Austin Andrew S. , Freeman Jan G.
Published: November 2014

Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health and disease. Alteration in its healthy homeostasis may result in the development of numerous liver disorders including complications of liver cirrhosis. On the other hand, restoration and modulation of intestinal flora through the use of probiotics is potentially an emerging therapeutic strategy. There is mounting evidence that probiotics are effective in the treatment of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy, as well as in the prevention of recurrence of encephalopathy. The beneficial effect of probiotics also extends to liver function in cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcoholic liver disease. On the other hand, data associating probiotics and portal hypertension is scanty and conflicting. Probiotic therapy has also not been shown to prevent primary or secondary spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Larger clinical studies are required before probiotics can be recommended as a treatment modality in liver diseases.
A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a Previously Unreported Translocation (14; 15) (q32; q13)
Authors: Khawandanah Mohamad , Gehrs Bradley , Li Shibo , Holter Chakrabarty Jennifer , Cherry Mohamad
Published: November 2014

Background. We hereby describe what we believe to be the first reported case of t (14; 15) (q32; q13) associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods. PubMed, Embase, and OVID search engines were used to review the related literature and similar published cases.Case. A47-year-old female presented in December 2011 with AML (acute myelomonocytic leukemia) with normal cytogenetics; molecular testing revealed FLT-3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation, while no mutations involving FLT3 D385/I836, NPM1 exon 12, or KIT exons 8 and 17 were detected. She was induced with 7 + 3 (cytarabine + idarubicin) and achieved complete remission after a second induction with high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) followed by uneventful consolidation. She presented 19 months after diagnosis with relapsed disease. Of note, at relapse cytogenetic analysis revealed t (14; 15) (q32; q13), while FLT-3 analysis showed a codon D835 mutation (no ITD mutation was detected). She proved refractory to the initial clofarabine-based regimen, so FLAG-idarubicin then was used. She continued to have persistent disease, and she was discharged on best supportive care.Conclusion. Based on this single case of AML with t (14; 15) (q32; q13), this newly reported translocation may be associated with refractory disease.
Real-Time Evaluation of Breast Self-Examination Using Computer Vision
Authors: Mohammadi Eman , Dadios Elmer P. , Gan Lim Laurence A. , Cabatuan Melvin K. , Naguib Raouf N. G. , Avila Jose Maria C. , Oikonomou Andreas
Published: November 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and breast self-examination (BSE) is considered as the most cost-effective approach for early breast cancer detection. The general objective of this paper is to design and develop a computer vision algorithm to evaluate the BSE performance in real-time. The first stage of the algorithm presents a method for detecting and tracking the nipples in frames while a woman performs BSE; the second stage presents a method for localizing the breast region and blocks of pixels related to palpation of the breast, and the third stage focuses on detecting the palpated blocks in the breast region. The palpated blocks are highlighted at the time of BSE performance. In a correct BSE performance, all blocks must be palpated, checked, and highlighted, respectively. If any abnormality, such as masses, is detected, then this must be reported to a doctor to confirm the presence of this abnormality and proceed to perform other confirmatory tests. The experimental results have shown that the BSE evaluation algorithm presented in this paper provides robust performance.
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Immune Reconstitution Syndrome
Authors: Mogambery J. C. , Motala A. , Padayachee K. , Jozi C. , Dawood H.
Published: November 2014

The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (NTM) in Sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to be less than 1%. NTM is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in patients who present with immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) following initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Immune reconstitution syndrome is common in patients who start ART with low CD4 counts and high HIV viral load. Furthermore,Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) commonly infects those with CD4 counts less than 50 cells/mm3. Three patients, with low baseline CD4 counts, presenting with NTM following the initiation of antiretroviral treatment are described in this case series. The first patient presented with disseminated NTM two weeks after commencing antiretroviral treatment. Acid fast bacilli were found in the liver, duodenum, and bone marrow and were suggestive of MAC microscopically. The second developed cervical lymphadenitis following the initiation of ART. Lymph node aspirate culture grew NTM. The last patient developed pancytopenia after 3 months of ART. AFB was seen on bone marrow biopsy. Culture of the bone marrow aspirate was suggestive of NTM. All three patients improved on ethambutol, clarithromycin, and rifampicin. NTM may be underdiagnosed in areas with a high TB prevalence and should be actively excluded by culture.
Modelling Furrow Irrigation-Induced Erosion on a Sandy Loam Soil in Samaru, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Dibal Jibrin M. , Igbadun H. E. , Ramalan A. A. , Mudiare O. J.
Published: November 2014

Assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield in furrow irrigation is limited in Samaru-Zaria. Data was collected in 2009 and 2010 and was used to develop a dimensionless model for predicting furrow irrigation-induced erosion (FIIE) using the dimensional analyses approach considering stream size, furrow length, furrow width, soil infiltration rate, hydraulic shear stress, soil erodibility, and time flow of water in the furrows as the building components. One liter of water-sediment samples was collected from the furrows during irrigations from which sediment concentrations and soil erosion per furrow were calculated. Stream sizesQ(2.5, 1.5, and 0.5 l/s), furrow lengthsX(90 and 45 m), and furrow widthsW(0.75 and 0.9 m) constituted the experimental factors randomized in a split plot design with four replications. Water flow into and out of the furrows was measured using cutthroat flumes. The model produced reasonable predictions relative to field measurements with coefficient of determinationR2in the neighborhood of 0.8, model prediction efficiency NSE (0.7000), high index of agreement (0.9408), and low coefficient of variability (0.4121). The model is most sensitive to water stream size. The variables in the model are easily measurable; this makes it better and easily adoptable.
Deus Ex Machina: Technological Experience as a Cognitive Resource in Bronze Age Conceptualizations of Astronomical Phenomena
Authors: Johannsen Niels
Published: November 2014

Mental recruitment of previous technological experience in conceptualizations of non-technological phenomena constitutes a specific kind of unintended cognitive effect of human technological activity. This paper discusses particular conceptual takes on a significant epistemic challenge faced by people in the Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean: that of understanding the factors and dynamics governing and allowing the most important celestial body (the sun) to travel across the sky during the day. Textual sources, iconography and artefactual evidence in combination provide an outline of concrete conceptual solutions to this challenge, which centre oncharioteering, i.e., the employment of light, horse-drawn vehicles for high-speed transport. These sources also inform on the actual, practical role played by this technological genre in the context of the eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age. The paper specifies a connection between the actual, mundane and social role of this form of vehicular technology in Bronze Age society, and the conceptualizations of an astronomical phenomenon to which it is recruited. This provides a specific case demonstrating how aspects of concrete, sensorimotor experience of technological activities, here the dynamics of vehicular transport, may ground associative conceptualization of empirically ill-specified phenomena. This, in turn, provides support for the general observation that the conceptual repertoires of individuals and collectives in particular historical contexts are influenced substantially by the experiential spectra associated with the specific ways of life into which they are born.
An Asian-American Renewal Historical Theologian’s Response to the Duke African-American Nouvelle Théologie of Race
Authors: Lim Paul C.H.
Published: November 2014

In this article I critically engage the Duke theologians of race—Carter, Jennings, and Bantam—devoting attention especially to Jennings. While appreciating and acknowledging the significance of these projects, I critique Jennings’s selective historiography and suggest that engaging the Anglo-American early modern supersessionist theologies of culture and race would have benefitted Jennings’ project. Then I trace out some implications of Jennings’s call to re-engage Israel and examine how his idealized vision of “submersion and in submission to another’s cultural realities” affects the notion of conversion theologically. As an Asian-American historical theologian, I argue that race is not and should no longer be looked upon as a black-white binary reality. In conclusion, I call for a historiographical fine-tuning of these theologies of race.
Pentecostal Theology as a Discursive Site for the Weight of Blackness in Nigeria
Authors: Wariboko Nimi
Published: November 2014

Blackness has become the discursive site for assessing, negotiating, and appropriating the meaning of spirituality as socioeconomic dislocations of Nigeria mingle with an increasing awareness of the “lowly lot of black humanity.” The discourse began with disciplining the body but quickly moved on to the normalization of a nation chosen by God to spearhead the final evangelization of the world and to lead the black race into global technological and economic supremacy. Here I want to trace a line from the ways the body is disciplined to the protocols of race and discourse of sovereignty. In other words, I want to map the movement of pentecostal thought from spirituality that focuses on the purity of the body to spirituality that focuses on the purity of the body politic. Unlike the Duke School, I place the belief in chosenness that permeates the Abrahamic religions at the core of the emerging pentecostal “racial theology.”
Transgressing Theological Shibboleths
Authors: Medina Néstor
Published: November 2014

Building on the proposals of Jennings, Bantum, and Carter toward constructing alternative theological articulations that move away from racialized framings, this paper proposes a reinterpretation of the cultural dimension as locus of divine activity. This methodological shift requires that the historically-culturally specific event of Jesus be reinterpreted as opening the door for the celebration of other ethnocultural traditions, which, when coupled with the event of Pentecost, provides enough grounds for discerning the Spirit at work at the level of culture. The two events of Jesus and Pentecost challenge us to reconceive the particular culturally bound ways in which the Spirit is involved in the process of divine disclosure, leading us toward the recognition of the contextual, plurivocal, and multicultural nature of theological reflection.
Reconsideration of the Nearctic species Haliplus mimeticus Matheson and its relatives with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Haliplidae)
Authors: van Vondel Bernhard J.
Published: November 2014

The three species of Nearctic Haliplidae related toHaliplus mimeticusMatheson, 1912 are re-examined. Two species,H. rugosusRoberts, 1913 andH. eremicusWells, 1989 are considered junior synonyms ofH. mimeticusas characters used to distinguish the species proved to be variable and unreliable. A new speciesH. kenneriis described from Baja California, Mexico. The new species differs fromH. mimeticusin the shape of the penis and the strongly serrate elytral apical margin.
Parametric Modeling of Transitioning Cyclone Wind Fields for Risk Assessment Studies in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Loridan T. , Khare S. , Scherer E. , Dixon M. , Bellone E.
Published: November 2014

Probabilistic risk assessment systems for tropical cyclone hazards rely on large ensembles of model simulations to characterize cyclones tracks, intensities, and the extent of the associated damaging winds. Given the computational costs, the wind field is often modeled using parametric formulations that make assumptions that are based on observations of tropical systems (e.g., satellite, or aircraft reconnaissance). In particular, for the Northern Hemisphere, most of the damaging contribution is assumed to be from the right of the moving cyclone, with the left-hand-side winds being much weaker because of the direction of storm motion. Recent studies have highlighted that this asymmetry assumption does not hold for cyclones undergoing extratropical transitions around Japan. Transitioning systems can exhibit damaging winds on both sides of the moving cyclone, with wind fields often characterized as resembling a horseshoe. This study develops a new parametric formulation of the extratropical transition phase for application in risk assessment systems. A compromise is sought between the need to characterize the horseshoe shape while keeping the formulation simple to allow for implementation within a risk assessment framework. For that purpose the tropical wind model developed by Willoughby et al. is selected as a starting point and parametric bias correction fields are applied to build the target shape. Model calibration is performed against a set of 37 extratropical transition cases simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. This newly developed parametric model of the extratropical transition phase shows an ability to reproduce wind field features observed in the western North Pacific Ocean while using only a restricted number of input parameters.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Wind Resources in the United States as Derived from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Bian Xindi , Heilman Warren E.
Published: November 2014

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of wind speed at 80 m above ground (the average hub height of most modern wind turbines) in the contiguous United States using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data from 1979 to 2011. The mean 80-m wind exhibits strong seasonality and large spatial variability, with higher (lower) wind speeds in the winter (summer), and higher (lower) speeds over much of the Midwest and U.S. Northeast (U.S. West and Southeast). Trends are also variable spatially, with more upward trends in areas of the Great Plains and Intermountain West of the United States and more downward trends elsewhere. The leading EOF mode, which accounts for 20% (summer) to 33% (winter) of the total variance and represents in-phase variations across the United States, responds mainly to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in summer and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the other seasons. The dominant variation pattern can be explained by a southerly/southwesterly (westerly) anomaly over the U.S. East (U.S. West) as a result of the anomalous mean sea level pressure (MSLP) pattern. The second EOF mode, which explains about 15% of the total variance and shows a seesaw pattern, is mainly related to the springtime Arctic Oscillation (AO), the summertime recurrent circumglobal teleconnection (CGT), the autumn Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the winter El Niño Modoki. The anomalous jet stream and MSLP patterns associated with these indices are responsible for the wind variation.
Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sakran Waheeb , Smolkin Vladislav , Odetalla Ahmad , Halevy Raphael , Koren Ariel
Published: November 2014

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in infants and children, and Escherichia coli is the leading pathogen. The aims of this study were to compare first episode of UTI with recurrent infection, reveal organisms that cause UTI, uropathogen resistance, and presence of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The first-UTI group included 456 children. E coli was the leading pathogen (80.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 1.5%. The uropathogens were resistant to gentamicin (3.41%) and cefuroxime (5.71%), and highly resistant to cefamezin (37.39%). The recurrent-infection group included 106 children. E coli was also the leading pathogen, but 7.5% of the isolates were P aeruginosa ( P = .002 compared with first-episode group); 6.6% were ESBL-producing bacteria compared with 1.1% in the first-episode group ( P = .002). E coli is the leading pathogen in both groups. P aeruginosa and ESBL-producing bacteria were more common in the recurrent infection group.
Proceedings of the 2014 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium
Authors: Elmore Susan A. , Cora Michelle C. , Gruebbel Margarita M. , Hayes Schantel A. , Hoane Jessica S. , Koizumi Haruko , Peters Rachel , Rosol Thomas J. , Singh Bhanu P. , Szabo Kathleen A.
Published: November 2014

The 2014 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri” was held in Washington, D.C., in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s 33rd annual meeting. The goal of this annual NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting and discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium included a pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma in a male B6C3F1 mouse; plexiform vasculopathy in Wistar Han (Crl:WI[Han]) rats; staging of the estrous cycle in rats and mice; peri-islet fibrosis, hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and inflammation in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; retinal dysplasia in Crl:WI[Han] rats and B6C3F1 mice; multicentric lymphoma with intravascular microemboli and tumor lysis syndrome, and 2 cases of myopathy and vascular anomaly in Tg.rasH2 mice; benign thymomas in Crl:WI[Han] rats; angiomatous lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Crl:WI[Han] rats; an unusual foveal lesion in a cynomolgous monkey; and finally a series of nomenclatures challenges from the endocrine International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) Organ Working Group (OWG).
Predictors of Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Andernord Daniel , Desai Neel , Björnsson Haukur , Gillén Sofia , Karlsson Jón , Samuelsson Kristian
Published: November 2014

Background:

Identifying predictors of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is important to focus preventive strategies and related research on high-risk groups.

Purpose:

To investigate predictors of contralateral ACL reconstruction in patients who have already undergone a primary ipsilateral reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

This study was based on data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2013. Patients aged 13 to 59 years who underwent primary ipsilateral (index) ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon or bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts were included. Follow-up started on date of index ACL reconstruction and ended either with primary contralateral ACL reconstruction, after 5 years of follow-up, or on December 31, 2013, whichever occurred first. The investigated variables were patient sex, age at index reconstruction, activity at the time of index injury, timing of surgery, graft selection, graft harvest site, and meniscal and chondral injury. The study end point was primary contralateral ACL reconstruction. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated and adjusted for confounding factors using multivariate statistics.

Results:

A total of 9061 participants were included (n = 5196 males [57.3%] and 3865 females [42.7%]), of which 270 participants (3.0%) underwent primary contralateral ACL reconstruction during the 5-year follow-up. There was no difference in contralateral reconstruction rates between males and females (3.0% vs 2.9%, P = .695). Age <20 years significantly increased the risk of contralateral reconstruction (males: RR = 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7-3.4] and females: RR = 2.9 [95% CI, 1.9-4.5]; P < .001). Among female patients undergoing reconstruction using autograft hamstring, harvest of a contralateral hamstring tendon significantly increased this risk (RR = 3.4 [95% CI, 1.4-7.9]; P = .006).

Conclusion:

In both male and female participants, age <20 years predicted an almost 3 times higher 5-year risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction. Among female participants undergoing reconstruction with autograft hamstring, a contralateral harvest predicted a more than 3 times higher 5-year risk of contralateral ACL reconstruction. Patient sex, activity at the time of index injury, graft selection, meniscal injury, and chondral injury were not predictors of contralateral ACL reconstruction.
Blind Insight: Metacognitive Discrimination Despite Chance Task Performance
Authors: Scott Ryan B. , Dienes Zoltan , Barrett Adam B. , Bor Daniel , Seth Anil K.
Published: November 2014

Blindsight and other examples of unconscious knowledge and perception demonstrate dissociations between judgment accuracy and metacognition: Studies reveal that participants’ judgment accuracy can be above chance while their confidence ratings fail to discriminate right from wrong answers. Here, we demonstrated the opposite dissociation: a reliable relationship between confidence and judgment accuracy (demonstrating metacognition) despite judgment accuracy being no better than chance. We evaluated the judgments of 450 participants who completed an AGL task. For each trial, participants decided whether a stimulus conformed to a given set of rules and rated their confidence in that judgment. We identified participants who performed at chance on the discrimination task, utilizing a subset of their responses, and then assessed the accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship of their remaining responses. Analyses revealed above-chance metacognition among participants who did not exhibit decision accuracy. This important new phenomenon, which we term blind insight, poses critical challenges to prevailing models of metacognition grounded in signal detection theory.
Malignant melanoma of the penis and urethra: one case report
Authors: Li Yunxiang , Yuan Haichao , Wang Anguo , Zhang Zongping , Wu Ji , Wei Qiang
Published: November 2014

We present a case of a patient with malignant melanoma of the glans penis and urethra, which was found in a 53-year-old man with nonhealing ulcerative penile lesion and bilateral, clinically palpable inguinal lymphadenopathies at diagnosis. A diagnostic biopsy showed the characteristics of a melanoma. We treated the patient with total penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymph node dissection. After surgery, chemotherapy with bleomycin, vincristine and cisplatin and immunotherapy with thymosin injection were started. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the 3 years after the operation. Melanoma of the penis is very rare, and early diagnosis is important because the patient prognosis is very poor.
Solving the 3D acoustic wave equation on generalized structured meshes: A finite-difference time-domain approach
Authors: Shragge Jeffrey
Published: November 2014

The key computational kernel of most advanced 3D seismic imaging and inversion algorithms used in exploration seismology involves calculating solutions of the 3D acoustic wave equation, most commonly with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methodology. Although well suited for regularly sampled rectilinear computational domains, FDTD methods seemingly have limited applicability in scenarios involving irregular 3D domain boundary surfaces and mesh interiors best described by non-Cartesian geometry (e.g., surface topography). Using coordinate mapping relationships and differential geometry, an FDTD approach can be developed for generating solutions to the 3D acoustic wave equation that is applicable to generalized 3D coordinate systems and (quadrilateral-faced hexahedral) structured meshes. The developed numerical implementation is similar to the established Cartesian approaches, save for a necessary introduction of weighted first- and mixed second-order partial-derivative operators that account for spatially varying geometry. The approach was validated on three different types of computational meshes: (1) an “internal boundary” mesh conforming to a dipping water bottom layer, (2) analytic “semiorthogonal cylindrical” coordinates, and (3) analytic semiorthogonal and numerically specified “topographic” coordinate meshes. Impulse response tests and numerical analysis demonstrated the viability of the approach for kernel computations for 3D seismic imaging and inversion experiments for non-Cartesian geometry scenarios.
Caring for men with aortic aneuryms
Authors: Murray Shelagh , Harris Mike
Published: November 2014

Shelagh Murray and Mike Harris discuss the promotion of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms and the importance of practice nurses working together with aneurysm nurse specialists in reducing men's vascular risk
Yvonne Davidson: 24.9.1928–27.5.2014
Authors: Shine Ursula , Jeffree Pauline
Published: November 2014

Yvonne Davidson helped establish professional support for practice nurses in the late 1980s. Ursula Shine and Pauline Jeffree remember her
The time for practice nursing is now
Authors: Bayliss-Pratt Lisa
Published: November 2014

Professor Lisa Bayliss-Pratt is co-chair of the Shape of Caring Review. Practice Nursing asked her about its implications for practice nurses
Transforming the Premier Perspective® hospital database to the OMOP Common Data
Model
Authors: Makadia Rupa , Ryan Patrick B.
Published: November 2014

Background: The Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data
Model (CDM) has been implemented on various claims and electronic health record (EHR)
databases, but has not been applied to a hospital transactional database. This study
addresses the implementation of the OMOP CDM on the U.S. Premier Hospital
database.Methods: We designed and implemented an extract, transform, load (ETL) process
to convert the Premier hospital database into the OMOP CDM. Standard charge codes in
Premier were mapped between the OMOP version 4.0 Vocabulary and standard charge
descriptions. Visit logic was added to impute the visit dates. We tested the conversion
by replicating a published study using the raw and transformed databases. The Premier
hospital database was compared to a claims database, in regard to prevalence of
disease.Findings: The data transformed into the CDM resulted in 1% of the data being
discarded due to data errors in the raw data. A total of 91.4% of Premier standard
charge codes were mapped successfully to a standard vocabulary. The results of the
replication study resulted in a similar distribution of patient characteristics. The
comparison to the claims data yields notable similarities and differences amongst
conditions represented in both databases.Discussion: The transformation of the Premier
database into the OMOP CDM version 4.0 adds value in conducting analyses due to
successful mapping of the drugs and procedures. The addition of visit logic gives
ordinality to drugs and procedures that wasn’t present prior to the transformation.
Comparing conditions in Premier against a claims database can provide an understanding
about Premier’s potential use in pharmacoepidemiology studies that are traditionally
conducted via claims databases.Conclusion/Next steps: The conversion of the Premier
database into the OMOP CDM 4.0 was completed successfully. The next steps include
refinement of vocabularies and mappings and continual maintenance of the transformed
CDM.
A Spirit of Reform
Authors: Goss Wayne
Published: November 2014

After 32 years of conservative rule, it was more than the Queensland government that changed on 7 December 1989 — it was the whole state of Queensland. Driving the reform process across a wide cross-section of government policy (and seeing Queenslanders respond) left a legacy of which we who formed part of that government are proud.

In our first week in office, we purchased additional tertiary places for Queensland. This underlined our commitment to education and sent the signal that our government believed the future was ‘up the food chain’, and that we would therefore invest in education. We abolished the Special Branch of Queensland Police — a symbol of the misuse of the police service by the previous government. We also abolished imperial honours because we believed that Australia should have its own system of recognising our citizens.
A resolução de problemas na encruzilhada da Psicologia: reflexão em torno da unificação
Authors: Almeida Ana Cristina Ferreira de
Published: November 2014

Se resolver problemas é uma constante da vida, e encontrar “boas” soluções requer competências transversais às vivências do humano, quisemos estudar a utilidade da resolução de problemas na investigação psicológica, especialmente na área de educação. Limitámos o estudo à revisão de literatura, visando a aproximação a uma unidade conceptual e metodológica passível de auxiliar na compreensão, medida e gestão de conteúdos e processos psicológicos e em contextos diversos. Na sequência de trabalhos prévios pela defesa da unificação da psicologia, concluímos haver convergência de significados e a possibilidade de polarizar na resolução de problemas um potencial interpretativo e modificador de processos extensivos de desenvolvimento ao longo da vida, de aprendizagem e de orientação pessoal e social.
Obesidade infantil: a mediação parental do uso dos media
Authors: Almeida Fátima Ribeiro de , Ferreira Joaquim Armando
Published: November 2014

Este artigo pretende fundamentar a importância da mediação parental do uso dos media na prevenção da obesidade infantil. Partindo da conceptualização da obesidade como problema epidémico, são abordados os condicionalismos sociais, culturais, físicos e económicos que convergem num contexto promotor da obesidade, doença e má qualidade de vida. Reflecte-se ainda sobre a necessidade de regular a acção da publicidade televisiva, que torna atraentes os alimentos pouco saudáveis, sobretudo para as crianças pequenas, incapazes de dar conta da intenção persuasiva dos anúncios. Sabendo que a complexidade do problema da obesidade exige um combate com intervenção multidisciplinar no que respeita à educação alimentar, interessa agora conhecer a forma como os pais podem, desde cedo, proteger as crianças.
Formas e Sabores: Representações do corpo e da comida em jovens do Baixo Alentejo
Authors: Borralho Cláudia , Oliveira Abílio
Published: November 2014

O corpo e a alimentação são temas abrangidos por várias áreas de intervenção e de grande importância, o que em parte se deve à sua implicação nas práticas quotidianas e nas vivências relacionadas com os comportamentos salutogénicos ou com doenças. Pretendendo conhecer as concepções do corpo e da comida em adolescentes, pelas dimensões cognitivas, afectivo-emocionais e simbólicas que lhes estão associadas, questionaram-se 523 estudantes do distrito de Beja, em Portugal, de ambos os sexos e com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 19 anos. Os resultados indicam que as representações do corpo e da comida variam significativamente conforme as pertenças sociais dos jovens (sexo e idade).
Hábitos de consumo de álcool em estudantes do ensino superior universitário: alguns dados empíricos
Authors: Martins Jorge Simões , Coelho Mariana Serra , Ferreira Joaquim Armando
Published: November 2014

Neste estudo pretende-se traçar um breve panorama dos hábitos de consumo de álcool e das consequências associadas a esse consumo numa amostra de estudantes do Ensino Superior. Os dados foram recolhidos junto de 654 estudantes da Universidade de Coimbra, utilizando para o efeito o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), o Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) e o Daily Drinking Questionnaire – Revised (DDQ-R). Foi dada especial atenção à análise dos índices de consumo de álcool, bem como às taxas de prevalência das consequências adversas desse mesmo consumo. Face aos resultados obtidos impõe-se a necessidade de desenvolver planos de intervenção preventiva precoce, ajustados aos diferentes perfis dos estudantes, ou seja, às características e necessidades específicas da fase de desenvolvimento dos indivíduos. Considerar essas características e necessidades permitirá com certeza esclarecer os profissionais e, por conseguinte, favorecer a eficácia da intervenção.
Auto-percepções, valores e saliência dos papéis em estudantes do ensino superior
Authors: Barros Alexandra , Marques J. Ferreira
Published: November 2014

O presente estudo procura integrar conceitos e técnicas da Psicologia das Carreiras e de outros campos da Psicologia, baseando-se no modelo de desenvolvimento vocacional de Super (1990) e na perspectiva desenvolvimentista de Susan Harter (1999) sobre a construção do self. Os resultados foram obtidos numa amostra de 683 alunos do ensino superior público em Lisboa, com as formas portuguesas dos seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: a 2ª edição da Escala de Valores WIS, o Inventário sobre a Saliência das Actividades e o Perfil de Auto-Percepção para Estudantes Universitários (SPPCS). O estudo das relações entre as diferentes variáveis permite caracterizar como a competência percebida em alguns domínios do auto-conceito se relaciona com a forma como o indivíduo investe nos papéis em que se sente mais competente, e com a forma como valoriza o seu desenvolvimento, a sua realização e a expressão de si próprio.
Um Olhar Empírico sobre a Identidade Dialógica: Um Estudo sobre a Conjugalidade
Authors: Rosa Catarina , Gonçalves Miguel
Published: November 2014

De acordo com a teoria dialógica, a identidade é constituída por uma comunidade de posições (I-positions) que “dão voz” a perspectivas distintas e que colaboram na co-construção do significado de cada vivência e na permanente actualização do sentido de identidade. A conjugalidade é uma dimensão central do mundo relacional e da identidade do ser humano. O casal funciona como uma micro-sociedade, enfrentando um conjunto diversificado de expectativas, constrangimentos e exigências. As competências de gestão desenvolvidas neste domínio da vivência humana são evidenciadas no papel proactivo desempenhado pela posição de identidade (I-position) Conjugal nas dinâmicas do sistema identitário. Para aprofundar empiricamente as estratégias de organização da identidade dialógica desenvolvemos uma entrevista que permite aceder ao repertório de posições de identidade (Tarefa de Articulação Dialógica, TAD) e analisámos as dinâmicas intrapessoais em três momentos distintos do ciclo de vida conjugal.
Construindo a integridade familiar no fim da vida
Authors: Silva Ana Raquel , Marques Filipa , Santos Liliana , Sousa Liliana
Published: November 2014

A integridade familiar constitui um desafio normal no desenvolvimento das pessoas idosas, fortemente influenciado por factores do sistema familiar. Este estudo pretende aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o que contribui para o desenvolvimento do sentimento de integridade familiar em pessoas idosas. A recolha de dados efectuou-se com a aplicação de uma entrevista semi-estruturada (baseada em King & Wynne, 2004), administrada a 8 indivíduos com idade superior a 64 anos (5 mulheres e 3 homens), que vivem em contexto familiar. Os principais resultados sugerem que o sentido de integridade familiar na pessoa idosa é influenciado por: i) redefinição da identidade pessoal sustentada por uma filosofia de vida; ii) existência de proximidade afectiva nas relações; iii) aceitação de conflitos; iv) satisfação com a transmissão de legado; v) continuidade das relações familiares; vi) existência de projectos de vida futuros. A integridade não exclui contrariedades e amarguras, mas envolve-as num significado de paz com a vida. Na intervenção as pessoas idosas devem ser apoiadas no processo de aceitação de si e do outro, pois este é um mecanismo facilitador da integridade familiar.
Aspiration Traps
Authors: Heifetz Aviad , Minelli Enrico
Published: November 2014

Fundamental non-recurrent choices, like location or education, affect the attitudes and beliefs with which the individual consequently analyzes day-to-day decision problems. These effects cannot be assumed to be