bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bohater społecznie uwarunkowany. Protagonista Pieśni o Cydzie a iberyjska mentalność pogranicza
Authors: Mendyk Joanna
Published: January 2023

A Socially Conditioned Hero: The Protagonist of the Cantar de mio Cid and Iberian Frontier Mentality

The objective of the article is to provide an example of how the notion of social conditioning of literature might be employed both in literary studies and in history of mentalities. The author applies the concept of conditioning factors of literary texts to an analysis of the hero’s image in the Cantar de mio Cid. There are three general conditioning factors: episteme, worldview, mentality, and a specific one: the habitus. While the general conditioning factors are common for a society in each period, the habitus emphasises the impact of the living conditions of a particular group. The author analyses the conditioning of the protagonist’s image by the so-called espíritu de frontera, a set of values and patterns of behaviour shared by the Christian population of the lands located on the frontier with Al-Andalus, where the poem was created. The frontier caused a particular attitude of Iberian Christians towards Muslims, especially the local ones. On the one hand, it implies a division into two territories: those inhabited by ‘Us’ and those populated by the ‘Others’. On the other hand, the frontier is also an area of regular contact between ‘Us’ and the ‘Others’, which attenuates the Otherness. On the frontier, the ‘Others’ become neighbours, with whom Christians are, under some conditions, willing to cooperate. An example of such a situation in the poem is the alliance and friendship of the Cid with the Moor Avengalvón. Nonetheless, despite the cases of collaboration between Christians and Muslims, the frontier is still an area of war. That conflict has, however, a specific character. The war is waged neither for religious, nor ideological reasons but simply to gain booty. Another crucial aspect of the frontier mentality as found in the poem is a particular notion of honour. On the frontier lands, honour does not depend on noble ancestry, but on virtues and personal achievements. In the poem, honour is not given but gained, which is portrayed in the career path of the protagonist. Although by birth he belongs to the lower class of chivalry (infanzones), thanks to his military success and exemplary conduct he acquires the status of rico hombre, which means that he enters the higher chivalric class. The author discusses the episodes of the poem which show the contrast between the infanzones and the ricos hombres and two different notions of honour: the one which belongs to the frontier mentality and the other, typical for the inland.
A Study on the Characteristics and Elements of the Museum's Virtual Exhibition Space
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Oh ji eun , Lee Chang geun
Published: January 2023

New Technology, New Technology, which emerged as the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution brought a lot of changes in museum exhibition paradigm.Many parts of activities in offline, are moving to online virtual space.The realistic virtualization provided in online environment provides space experience that can watch exhibition without constraints between construction.According to the change of this exhibition paradigm, communication of online virtual environment is highlighted in terms of experience, and user experience classes, and user experience groups according to the experience layer of space.Therefore, in this study, the purpose of providing major experience characteristics and detailed experience elements that can be applied according to the type of virtual exhibition space types of virtual exhibition space type.The research method is as follows.Based on previous studies, the type of spatial experience types of spatial experience factors, and conducted to optimize the user spatial experience factors to optimize the user space experience factors to optimize the user space experience factors.In order to investigate specific cases, 22 contents that can be applied according to the type of museum realistic virtual exhibition space type.As a result of analysis, factors, factors and detailed experience factors that act mainly acts as a significant difference in the characteristics and detailed experience elements.This study results presented strategic methods that contributes to build a theoretical framework that can experience in the museum exhibition paradigm that can experience the spatial experience of space experience in practice space experience.Based on the results of this study, it is expected to induce optimal space experience when establishing a virtual exhibition space experience for realistic virtual exhibition space experience space experience.
A Study of Consumers' decision-making tendency in the context of User-Generated Content
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Sang Guangliang , Nah Ken
Published: January 2023

Driven by both the rise of digital platforms and the prevalence of media marketing, consumers’ purchase decisions is influenced by various factors in the transition from old media to new media. The formation of a young consumer outlook has led to the traditional brand model losing its previous confidence in the grasp of customers' purchasing decisions. User-Generated Content (UGC) generated based on new media platforms, as content created by the public, is considered to be objective and free of commercial interest linkages, enabling a form of sharing. One of the strong consensuses of UGC is its influence on consumer decisions.The research methodology of this study is divided into three main parts to explore this phenomenon. First, through extensive literature research, it is found that consumers are eager to receive complete information, rational word-of-mouth reviews from others can change consumers' purchasing tendencies, and online platforms in the form of big data can help pinpoint audiences. Secondly, this study proposes the hypothesis that (1) the positive impact of UGC on consumer decisions is greater than the negative impact and (2) the degree of UGC's influence on customer decisions is negatively correlated with monthly consumption, and is analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the case for proposing a new iterative form of UGC is the presentation of live streaming as the primary form of stimulating consumer propensity to buy. This study aims to study the user consumption scenarios and user decision-making in the context of UGC caused by the prosperity of the alpha generation Internet context. The conclusion of this study is the iterative form of UGC, which can be seen as the user perception model “UGC Stimulation - Consumer Emotion - Impulsive Consumption” has increased the triggering effect of UGC to a greater extent. This study demonstrates the specific causes and influences of UGC on consumer purchase decisions. The results have implications for design thinking in that UGC should be an important consideration in the design of consumer-related systems or persuasive social platforms.
Based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ESG Consumer type recommendation and design direction of brand promotion
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Park Young Sim , Lee Chang Keun
Published: January 2023

The world is now in full swing to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. Companies are giving ethical influence by delivering SDGs practice information to consumers through ESG management. Consumers who use goods or services produced by companies are also subject to social responsibility (CSR). In order to fulfill this responsibility together, I looked into the types of consumers through the Persona profiling report of brand and PR, and found that women in their 30s and 40s enjoy digital and conveniently adjust their self-centered environment. , advertising and promotion factors, and convenience factors in order of use. We were able to confirm the data that consumption is based on the image of the brand rather than price and quality. Although there are various design activities such as product production and service, we will continue to help research eco-friendly and ethical consumption as design plays a leading role by referring to consumer type recommendations according to the characteristics of each brand.
A Study on the Design of Classes to Discover Cultural Contents in the Campus Town Area
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Kim Moon Seok , O Eun Seok
Published: January 2023

This study proposes a process of developing subjects and conducting classes in connection with university classes to form the cultural industry in the campus town area. Culture-related parts of the campus town project can be a good program for college students to create culture and discover new cultural industries and cultural contents in connection with the local community. This study dealt with the entire process of designing classes to connect these universities and communities and conducting classes based on them. In the course of class design, it was not easy to coordinate the level of education required by universities and the level of education required by the campus town project. However, the results of the students who completed the class according to the class plan were sufficient to achieve the purpose of this study. Students' achievements will be responsible for the net function of expanding and reproducing through government agencies, along with the local community and related academic fields. As a result of this study, it is expected that college students will find and develop local cultural contents through a combination of interest in local culture and creative ideas to achieve positive results in promoting cultural prosperity in the campus town.
A Study on the Improvement of UX/UI of the Pre-Question Form for Initial Treatment of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Secondary Hospital for Patient-centered Medical Service
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Choi Jin Guk , Yi Byung Ju , Song Ji Sung
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the satisfaction of patients and doctors in terms of patient-centered medical services, the results of this study approached from the perspective of medical examination and conducted research and analysis of literature, case studies, and hospital visits. It was designed intuitively by applying the questionnaire, which is the basis, as a responsive box according to the Fitts Law, focusing on readability to fit the mobile screen with symptoms and items for each part. Second, an environment in which in-depth medical interviews can be created was created by reducing questioning time by providing a space for users to describe questions that may be missed in a short medical treatment time. Third, the pre-diagnosis questionnaire prepared for first visit suggested the possibility of in-depth medical care by reducing closed conversations between patients and doctors and reducing unnecessary questioning time with open-ended questions. Fourth, the mobile access to the pre-first visit medical questionnaire resulted in technical limitations in applying the integrated hospital system. The significance of this study is to propose a design for improving patient-doctor communication and treatment satisfaction during limited treatment hours. We expect a medical environment that can increase the satisfaction of patients and doctors in terms of patient-centered medical services and the use of basic data that can be provided in a mobile environment for the preparation of patient questionnaires necessary for first visits and outpatients.
Investment Portfolio Optimization with a Mean-Variance Model Without Risk-Free Assets
Authors: Daulay Syifa Nur Rasikhah , Halim Nurfadhlina Abdul , Hidayana Rizki Apriva
Published: January 2023

Investment is an allocation of money, stocks, mutual funds, or other valuable resources provided by someone at the present time and held from being used until a specified period to get a profit (return). The higher the return received, the higher the risk. This study studied the Mean-Variance investment portfolio optimization model without risk-free assets to obtain the optimum portfolio. Five shares are used, namely BMRI, AMRT, SSMS, MLPT, and ANTM. The research results obtained optimal portfolio stocks with respective weights BMRI = 0.45741; AMRT=0.17852; SSMS=0.23300; MLPT=0.08475 and ANTM=0.04632. An optimal portfolio composition produces an average return = 0.00207 and variance = 0.00020.
Company Stock Performance Analysis on IDX ESG Leaders Index Using the ARIMA-GARCH Model
Authors: Pradaswara Hazelino Rafi , Susanti Dwi , Sukono Sukono
Published: January 2023

Stocks are one of the most popular forms of investment. In investing stocks, it is necessary to know the movement of stock prices and the investment risks that may occur. The purpose of this study is to predict the level of risk, see the characteristics of stock returns, and whether the ESG Risk Rating makes the company's stock performance better. The models used to predict stock returns are Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticty (GARCH), and Value at Risk (VaR) is used to predict risk. Based on the research, the potential loss for Bank BCA is IDR29.800.000,00 and Bank Mandiri is IDR33.600.000,00 with the assumption that an investor invests as much as IDR1.000.000.000,00. In addition, Bank BCA has a lower ESG Risk Rating than Bank Mandiri, but has a better performance.
О Светом Мојсију Троношком — поводом 230 година од мученичке смрти
Authors: Љубић Лазар
Published: January 2023

Двеста тридесет година од мученичке смрти архимандрита Мојсија (†1792), повод je за подсећање на овог троношког духовника и страдалника. Потреба за тим утолико је већа будући да је о његовом ученику и наследнику – архимандриту Стефану (†1799) који се од недавно прославља као свештеномученик – писано у више наврата. За разлику од Стефановог животописа, наша сазнања о архимандриту Мојсију Троношком врло су скромна. Колико је познато, он је био на челу Богородичиног манастира Троноше, готово две деценије, од 1773. до 1792. године. Страдао је од турског мача, према предању, једне недеље у месецу марту. Наиме, у тренутку док је архимандрит вршио богослужење, у манастир су упали Турци. Када је отац Мојсије излазио из цркве, они су га, на самом црквеном прагу, напали и исекли јатаганима.
SENSORY CHARACTERISATION OF EMULSIFIED SAUSAGES INCORPORATING CELERY POWDER AND OBTAINED WITH DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: BOISTEANU Paul Corneliu , MANOLIU Diana Remina , LIPSA Florin Daniel , CIOBOTARU Mihai Catalin , FRUNZA Gabriela , CIOBANU Marius Mihai
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to evaluate and sensorily describe membrane-emulsified poultry and pork meat products (frankfurter sausages) manufactured in the USV Iași Meat Processing Workshop, products to which celery powder was added. Six technology sheets were developed to obtain six batches of products (three chicken and three pork): C1 (66% chicken breast, 17% pork backfat, 1.8% celery powder) and P1 (66% pork, 17% pork backfat, 1.8% celery powder), C2 (56% chicken breast, 24% pork backfat, 3.5% celery powder) and P2 (56% pork, 24% pork backfat, 3.5% celery powder) and C3 (48% chicken breast, 31% pork backfat, 4.5% celery powder) and P3 (48% pork, 31% pork backfat, 4.5% celery powder). The samples were evaluated in terms of instrumental colour and sensory evaluation (acceptability test and CATA – check-all-that-apply). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the samples regarding the instrumental colour, chicken meat frankfurter sausages having significantly higher lightness values (L*) compared to pork frankfurter sausages, and in terms of the proportion of raw materials: the lightness increased significantly in direct proportion to the percentage of fat added. According to the CATA analysis, the evaluators associated a pink colour and meaty flavour with batch 1 products and attributes such as uniformity of colour, characteristic flavour, the right amount of seasoning and smooth texture were identified in all six batches of products. However, the batches with the highest scores on the hedonic scale, considered acceptable by the evaluators, were C1, P1 and C2.
Comparison of energy and nutrient intakes of individuals with disabilities according to reference values: A cross-sectional study
Authors: ÇAKIR Biriz , NİŞANCI Fatma , BAYINDIR GÜMÜŞ Aylin , EKİCİ Emine Merve , ÖZENİR Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Çiler
Published: January 2023

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the daily intake of energy and nutrients to determine the nutritional status of individuals with disabilities.

Subjects and Method: The study was carried out under the Disability Support Program in 8 special education, practice and rehabilitation centres in the city centre of [removed for blind peer review] as a cross-sectional study. The demographic characteristics and daily energy and nutrient intake levels of individuals with disabilities were questioned. Daily energy and nutrient intake levels were compared with recommendations.

Results: It has been determined that disabled individuals in all age groups diverged negatively from the reference energy value and the rate of energy of carbohydrates was low, the rate of fat was high. Vitamin A was low in males in the 14-18 age group and high in females in the 19-30 age group. Vitamin B1 in 10-30 years old, folic acid was in ≥10 years of age were low in both genders. Calcium and magnesium were low in both genders in all age groups.

Conclusion: It has been determined that disabled people were inadequate and unbalanced, and it was thought that periodic evaluation of nutritional status will play an important role in improving their health.
Opinions of Public Health Personnel in Konya Province About The Precautions Taken During Covid-19 Pandemia Process
Authors: BATI Serap , ÇETİN İbrahim
Published: January 2023

Aim: The COVID-19 virus, which emerged in Wuhan, China, spread all over the world and turned into a major epidemic. As in all countries, many precautions have been taken by health authorities in Turkey to reduce the spread of the epidemic. This study aims to evaluate the taken precautions from the perspective of health personnel. Subjects and Method: The population of the descriptive study was composed of public health personnel working in Konya. The sample size was calculated as 387 by random sampling method with known universe. The highest number of participants that can be reached via online questionnaire without quota distinction was targeted. The form used to collect the data was prepared by the authors with the literature review after the expert opinions were taken. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22.0. Result: In the study, which was provided by the participation of 1070 public health personnel, the data were collected by online survey method. 37.2% of the participants in the study are nurses, 34.1% are physicians, 14.1% are midwives and 14.6% are members of other health professions. The health personnel think that the use of masks control the infection at 96.8% rate, hand hygiene at 96.5%, social distance rules at 97.7%, curfews at 95.8% and the use of gloves at 67.9%, and these precautions reduce the course of the epidemic.

Conclusion: The majority of the healthcare personnel find the precautions sufficient. The deactivation of precautions without adequate epidemic control is very important in terms of effective epidemic management and reducing the burden on healthcare personnel.
Karar Verme Davranışından Sorumlu Beyin Yapıları: Derleme
Authors: DİNÇ Güldane
Published: January 2023

İnsanlar hayatlarında belirdikleri amaçlarına ulaşmak için devamlı olarak seçim işlevi ile karşılaşırlar. Bu seçim işlevi bir karar verme durumudur. Karar verme, insan davranışının sonucunda ortaya çıkan ve tekrarlayan bir bilişsel süreçtir. Belirli kriterlere göre, bir dizi süreçten sonra bir karar verilir. Sinir bilim yöntemleri, karar verme süreçleri sırasında beynimizde meydana gelen olaylar hakkında bilgi edinmemizi sağlar. Beynimizin belirli bölgeleri ve bu bölgeler arasındaki bağlantılar, karar verme sürecinde görev almaktadır. Bu süreçler esnasında beynin birçok bölgesi (anterior cingulate korteks, medial prefrontal korteks, orbitofrontal korteks, dorsolateral prefrontal korteks, nucleus accumbens ve substantia nigra vb.) birbiriyle iletişim halindedir. Karar verme sürecinde beyindeki bu yapıların nöronal ağ bağlantılarının sağlanmasında nörotransmitterler de görev alır. Serotonin, frontal korteksin ventromedial ve orbital alanlarıyla ilişkili karar verme işlevlerini düzenlemede aracı bir görev yapmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, çeşitli durumlardaki karar verme sürecinde ilgili beyin yapılarının görevleri ve bu süreçte rol oynayan nörotransmitterler hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Multiple Document Based Lessons dan Kekekalan Pengetahuan Sejarah
Authors: Kaviza M.
Published: January 2023

Kajian eksperimen dengan reka bentuk faktorial 3 X 3 ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document Based Lessons terhadap kekekalan pengetahuan sejarah dalam kalangan murid. Seramai 102 orang murid Tingkatan Satu melalui teknik persampelan berkelompok terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian ini merupakan ujian pencapaian pengetahuan sejarah yang telah dibina oleh pengkaji yang telah disahkan oleh pakar-pakar penilai serta mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik. Data kuantitatif dalam kajian ini telah dianalisis secara statistic deskriptif dan statistic inferensi iaitu melalui ujian SPANOVA dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS versi 24. Dapatan kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document based Lessons adalah lebih berkesan berbanding dengan Document based Lessons dan kaedah pengajaran konvensional terhadap kekekalan pengetahuan sejarah dalam kalangan murid. Implikasi kajian ini telah menyediakan sumber maklumat kepada para guru sejarah bahawa pembelajaran sejarah melalui Multiple Document Based Lessons telah dibuktikan adalah lebih berpotensi dilaksanakan dalam pendidikan Sejarah selaras dengan inovasi dalam kaedah pengajaran sejarah sedia ada.
An Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Basanta Corridor: a Case Study from Kailari Rural Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Joshi Hem Chandra , Ojha Prakash , Khadka Shiva , Adhikari Sirjana
Published: January 2023

The human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has always been a subject of concern for conservationists and people living in the proximity of forests. Nepal has witnessed increasing incidents of HWC at an alarming rate in the last few years. The study was carried out to understand the causes and trends of HWC in Kailari Rural Municipality and the perception of people towards wildlife conservation. The major tools used for the data collection were key informant interviews and questionnaire surveys. The data collected from the field was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study showed that crop plundering, human injuries & death, livestock injuries, and killing by wildlife was the common form of HWC and the animals with high incidents of conflict were a monkey, wild boar, elephant, tiger, blue bull, deer, and rabbit in recent years. The main crops damaged in the area were wheat, paddy, maize, peanuts, mustard, etc. The problematic animals were found to be monkeys, rabbits, and wild boars. The study concluded that tigers and elephants attack were the major problems in the areas near Dudhwa National Park (India). None of the respondents have got compensation for the loss of crops, livestock, and even in case of human casualties. Most of the respondents believed that animals come to the cropland due to farmland nearer to forest areas and lack of food for the animals.
Effects of Blended Enzymes, Organic Catalysts, and Probiotics on the Water Quality of Pasig River, Philippines
Authors: Magdaraog Gladys B. , Purnamasari Listya , Olarve Joseph P. , Cruz Joseph F. dela
Published: January 2023

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the blend of enzymes, organic catalysts, and probiotics on the water quality of Pasig River and to determine its sustainability to aquatic life. The effects of varying the dosage of the mixture were also identified. The data observed were compared to the standard for fishery water set by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). On-site application results were analyzed using paired t-test. All parameters were normally distributed. Temperature, phosphate, and BOD measures were significantly changed at (p<0.05). Results showed mixture effectiveness on temperature, pH, Chloride, Nitrate, TSS, Oil and Grease, and Surfactant as they passed the DAO 2016-08 Class C Standard. BOD, Phosphate, TSS, and Ammonia concentrations were reduced in Ayala samples. DO, Nitrate and Fecal Coliforms concentrations were reduced in Nagtahan samples. Varying the amount of mixture application yields no significant effect on the water quality. Fishes and aquatic life can still not thrive on this kind of water.
The Trend in Types of Tree Damage in Mangrove Forest Management Areas, East Lampung Regency
Authors: Safe'i Rahmat , Kaskoyo Hari , Ardiansyah Ferdy
Published: January 2023

Damage to mangrove trees is one of them influenced by the types of tree damage. The more types of tree damage to a single mangrove tree, the worse the health level of the mangrove tree will be. This study aims to obtain damage index trend values and types of tree damage in the east coast mangrove forest area, East Lampung Regency. Measurement of the types of damage to mangrove trees was carried out three times using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method in two FHM cluster plots for each mangrove forest area. Assessment of damage to mangrove trees uses the Damage Index formula. The results showed that the trend index values for mangrove tree damage were 9.3 and 4.5 (Resort Kuala Penet, Way Kambas National Park), 9.2 and 19.8 (Margasari, Labuhan Maringgai), and 6.2. and 9.8 (Purworejo, Pasir Sakti) with the dominant types of damage being open wounds (code 03) 343 damage, damaged foliage/shoots (code 24) 240 damage, and broken/dead (code 22) 158 damage. Thus, the trend of damage index and types of damage to mangrove trees in the east coast mangrove forest area of East Lampung Regency has increased.
The Introduction of Information and Communication Technology in the Framework of Preschool Education
Authors: Cireasa Ioana-Theodora
Published: January 2023

The Romanian education system has had to adapt to the new challenges brought on by the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, it is expected of preschool teachers to integrate and use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in their teaching approach.
The purpose of this study is to explore the preschool teachers' perception on quality usage of ICT.
Based on qualitative data, we have started with the question; "What is the preschool teachers' perception regarding the possibilities and the limits that come with the introduction of ICT in the preschool curriculum?"
The pattern was determined by using the sampling criteria which is an intentional sampling method. This was used to select 25 preschool teachers (N=25) from state kindergartens. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews that lasted up to one hour and were based on the semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, recorded and transcribed, in order to make the main textual analysis, which was based on a thematic analysis, thus identifying three main themes.
Our results show that there is a need for change, where teachersʼ technological pedagogical knowledge needs improvement, in terms of how they are supposed to integrate technology for childrenʼs invovment in the teaching-learning process.
Furthermore, the preschool teachers have emphasized on their expectations in being supported through the creation of a school curriculum and more programs that involve improving their abilities in using technology.
Preschool teachers are aware not only of the advantages of technology, but also of the possible disadvantages.
Inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis using honeybee extract (Apis mellifera or: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa Harith , abdulraheem Ahmed ibrahim , Junaid Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

An inhibitory action test is conducted in which honeybee body lotion is selected as an inhibitor against Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The extraction is done using organic solvents of different polarities to allow the extraction of various active substances against the growth of bacteria, namely methanol alcohol and carbon tetrachloride. The tests are carried out by both methods of discs and drilling using cationic antibiotics ampicillin (AMP) and streptomycin (STRPTO). Results showed less sensitivity to the two types of S. aureus in all extracts, however, the inhibition values appeared to double compared to antibiotics in the event of their positive effect, which are occupied by antibiotics Strep and Amp. The rest of the treatments for the three antibiotics are positive against the two types of bacteria above. For insecticidal solution at concentrations 3.5,4.0, 4.38,3.5 mM mg/ml, it inhibited the growth of all types of bacteria with a range of 3.0-4.5 mm.
Spread of Trichomonas gallinae in species of birds in balad district with the effect of infection on histological picture
Authors: Abdulla Ban Najem , Mahmoud Zangana Ashraf Jamal , Mohamed Ayser Salih
Published: January 2023

Trichomoniasis in birds is one of the most common types of infection that affects birds worldwide, and it is caused by Trichomonas gallinae. This study was carried out to examine and determine the presence of T. gallinae in Columba livia, Streptopelia turtur, and Gallus gallus domesticus microscopic examination (direct smear and Giemsa stained). The study was conducted in Balad district in Salah al-Din Governorate, north of Baghdad, Iraq, from October 2021 to March 2022. The results showed the microscopic examination that the incidence of T. gallinae average was 19.17%, distributed between 14.16% for C. livia, while S. turtur constituted 14.0%, and the rate of G. gallus domesticus was 27.92%, but there were no significant differences at P> 0.05 among these bird species. The gender of birds showed that there were no differences between a male and a female of each type. In males of the two types of pigeons (C. livia, and S. turtur) and Gallus gallus domesticus, the rates of infection were (16.10, 15.05, and 5.75 %), while in female types of C. livia, S. turtur, and Gallus gallus domesticus, the rates of infection were (12.17, 12.28, and 31.11%), respectively. The incidence of T.gallinae is distributed for the most studied months, as it showed the highest infection rate for pigeons in January at 20% for C. livia, and 32% for S. turtur, and while January to February had 33% as the highest rate of infection in G.gallus domesticus, although there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among studied birds. The histological changes of infected organs for all species as well as for healthy birds, as the parasite was located in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, which was tongue, pharynx, vesicle, and gizzard. Granular lesions and infiltration of lymphoid and inflammatory cells were found, as well as degeneration in a number of gland-forming cells. The mucous in the affected areas as a result of parasite penetration into the tissue, congestion of blood vessels and appearance of granulation tissue in the upper part of healthy alimentary canal was compared with that of C. livia, S. turtur and Gallus gallus domesticus of Balad distract. In pharynx, the infiltration of large numbers of white blood cells, scattered and nodular form, and the sloughing of surface cells, and presence of strands of sloughed keratin appeared in pharynx cavity, and in vesicle tissue, and in gizzard, the histological sections showed the presence of parasite in muscle layer surrounded by a white transparent band, the infiltration of a large number of white blood cells appeared, and degeneration of epithelial cells at the bases of epithelial cells appeared in mucous folds.
Inhibiting the growth of two types of bacteria using honeybee extract (Apis mellifera or: Hymenoptera ) of Samarra city-Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa Harith , Khazal Al-Lateef Rasha , Ahmed Mustafa Mohammed
Published: January 2023

An inhibitory action test was conducted in which honey bee body lotion was selected as an inhibitor with extracts of the following insects, social insects. Test experiments on Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas auroginosa. The solvents are polar ethanol and hexane. The tests were carried out by both methods of discs and drilling. cationic antibiotics (AMP) Ampicillin and (STRPTO) streptomycin. As for the results that showed less sensitivity to the two types of Ps. Aruginosa. In all extracts, however, the inhibition values appeared to double compared to antibiotics in the event of their positive effect, which were occupied by antibiotics CN and TE by an inhibitor of 18.6 and 14.3 mm against E.coli. The rest of the treatments for the three antibiotics were negative against the two types of bacteria above. As for insecticidal lotion at concentrations. 3.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml, inhibited the growth of all types of bacteria with a range of 5.0-3.0 mm.
Isolation and evaluation of Acinetobacter baumannii from hospitals in Mosul city and detect their ability to produce acylated homoserine lactones
Authors: Al Badrani Amira Ismail , Mohammed Younis Khansa
Published: January 2023

One of the characteristics that distinguish living things is communication or the simplest form of talking and sharing information. Gram-negative bacteria use the AHL autoinducer for their quorum sensing, and this quorum sensing has been a major factor in the development of pathogenic conditions in a specific host. This study aimed to isolate, identify A. baumannii, and detect N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) produced by A. baumannii, which was isolated from patients admitted to Mosul hospitals in Iraq. A total of 125 samples were taken from patients who were being treated at Mosul hospitals. The isolates were characterized using the Vitek-2 and API 20 E systems as well as microscopy and biochemistry. Only 25 isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii. Patients with burns had the highest prevalence of A. baumannii (40%) while those with blood and throat swabs had the lowest prevalence (8%). This study assessed the sensitivity of all A. baumannii isolates to thirteen different antibiotic classes using the disc diffusion method. The three categories of A. baumannii infection’s antibiotic sensitivity (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and non-multi-drug resistance (non-MDR) were calculated to be, respectively, 34.61%, 53.84%, and 11.53. The -galactosidase assay was used to quantify AHL activity during a 24-hour growth phase in order to determine the association between AHL production by A. baumannii isolates and their phase’s growth. Using the biosensor strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYC55, all isolates displayed the quantitative and qualitative activity of acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) signals.
Experimental infection of Sarcocystis moulei in mice and treated by using the alkaloid extract of Ruppia sp. in Basrah governorate southern of Iraq
Authors: Saood Alaa Ismail , Abdullah Basim Hashim , AL-Sultan Emad Yousif Awad
Published: January 2023

Sarcocystosis is caused by different Sarcocystis species. It’s a protozoal infection with worldwide distribution in many species of animals. The current study aimed to transfer infection of S.moulei into the mice as well as morphological diagnosis to confirm this aquatic plant and treat the mice experimentally infected by S.moulei. The plants of the family Ruppiaceae are monocotyledons, containing only one genus, which has many species in the world., Plant samples of Ruppia sp. were isolated from one of the salt marshes(swamps) in a province in the area of five miles and were carried out for phenotypic and then molecular diagnosis for confirmation. The whole plant is approximately 30 cm (40-65) cm in length and less than 1 mm (0.9 mm) in stem diameter. The plant is monocious, and the flowers are bisexual and sessile in groups at the base of the leaves; the peduncles are more than 5 cm long and reach 22–23 cm in length, flexuous but not spirally coiled, and bearing 5–11 obliquely ovoid (2-2.5) mm in length. The leaves are distributed alternately across the stem. Experimental transfer of the infection was carried out to laboratory mice, and three concentrations were used to treat the infection (0.106, 0.156, and 0.206) g/kg of extract alkaloid of Ruppia sp., showing the two concentrations (0.156 and 0.206 g/kg) complete efficacy and complete recovery compared to the other groups and other concentrations, as well as the group (infected and treated with albendazole 0.250 g/kg).
The Role of Revenue Authorities in International Trade Facilitation in East African Community
Authors: Moses Mugwe
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The study examines the role of revenue authorities in facilitating international trade in the East African Community. It specifically seeks to establish the degree of integration of revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community; to assess the individual role played by revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community to facilitate trade; and to examine the collective role played by revenue authorities in member countries of the East African Community to facilitate trade.
Approach/Methodology/Design: A qualitative approach with a special focus on explanatory design was used to collect and analyze study data. The primary evidence and reports available are used to establish the role played by revenue authorities in trade facilitation. Seven (7) key informants from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania were interviewed. The responses obtained were analyzed thematically.
 
Findings: From these findings, it is determined that there are major steps and strategies taken by revenue authorities in the East African community to facilitate international trade. One of these steps was the introduction of a single bond for member countries, whereby traders are allowed to have a single bond for their imported goods for all countries through which their goods pass. Revenue authorities are also implementing integrated customs programs such as regional electronic cargo tracking systems (RECTS) and customs interconnection as a means of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of customs administration. Through the authorities, a Single Customs Area (SCT) was implemented thereby streamlining the movement of goods throughout the East African Community. The authorities have also introduced a trading information portal, a platform intended to utilize trade information among traders in member countries.
 
Originality/value: To improve trade facilitation in the region, revenue authorities need to advance their cooperation, thereby streamlining the implementation of key trade facilitation policies. Embracing a more integrated system will be critical for authorities to work closely together, reducing process duplication and improving the flow of operations across member countries to facilitate international trade.
An Analysis of Operating Performance of Selected Paper Companies in India
Authors: Dadhaniya Abhisha , N. Ransariya Dr. Shailesh
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this research work is to analyze and compare profitability performance of selected paper companies in India.
 
Approach/Methodology/Design: An analytical study method is employed in this research work by relying on secondary data. In this research work 12 paper companies are selected as a sample based on their higher net sales and the study period are last10 financial years from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Ratio Analysis is used as an accounting tool in which six profitability ratios are employed. One-way ANOVA technique of parametric test is used as a statistical tool to identify the difference among sample means.
Findings: The major finding of the research work indicates that in all the selected paper companies the profitability performance of shows fluctuating trend during the study period of 10 years. The overall performance was good and satisfactory in Satia Industries Ltd., JK paper Ltd., Seshasayee Paper and Board Ltd. and NR Agarwal Industries Ltd. and it was low and dissatisfactory in Orient Paper & Industries Ltd. and Astron Paper & Board Mill Ltd. for all the selected profitability ratio during the study period. The results of statistical test revealed that in gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio and return on assets ratio formulated null hypotheses are rejected and in net profit ratio, return on net worth ratio and return on capital employed ratio formulated null hypotheses are accepted.
 
Originality/value: In this research work profitability analysis is carried out which is helpful to know the profitability performance of selected paper companies. The result would help investors to make right choice of investment in selected companies. It would also identify that how efficiently a business can generates profit and value for its shareholders from its sales or operations, shareholders' fund or balance sheet’s assets.
Long term effect of STCR-based targeted yield application of fertilizers on productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in an acid Alfisol
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh KrishiVishvavidyalaya, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh), India- 176062, CHOUDHARY DEEKSHA
Published: January 2023

The present investigation was conducted during therabi season of 2017-18 at the research farm of CSK HPKV, Palampur (Himachal Pradesh). The effect of target yield based fertilizer application on productivity, profitability, and nutrient uptake by wheat were evaluated in a randomized block design with eight treatments. The results revealed that the continuous cropping for 10 years along with STCR based fertilizer application in target yield 35 q ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield (34.9 q ha-1) followed by target 35 q ha-1 (31.6 q ha-1).The highest protein content (12.6 %) and protein yield (441.4 Kg ha-1) of wheat grains were observed with target yield of 35 q ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1. Further, the maximum net profit of Rs.61401 ha-1 with a B: C ratio of 3.29 was obtained under target yield 35 q ha-1. A significant increase in N, P, and K uptake by wheat grain and straw was observed in STCR based target yield plots as compared to soil test based, general recommended dose, farmers’ practice, and control. The available N, P, and K content in post-harvest soil were reduced in the control over their initial values. The higher values of available N (305 kg ha-1), P (70 Kg ha-1) and K (290 kg ha-1) were recorded with target yield of 35 q ha-1 + 5 t FYM ha-1.
Impact of low molecular weight organic acids on soil phosphorus fractions and its content in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and soybean (Glycine max)
Authors:   Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute,  New Delhi-110 012, K.T. MOHANKUMAR
Published: January 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2017-18 to study the effect of low molecular weight organic acids on phosphorus fractions and its content in wheat and soybean. The results revealed that the applied LMWOAs showed significant increase in the plant available P fraction over control and oxalic acid application out rated the citric acid. The applied citric acid was found to be significantly superior in decreasing the Al and Fe bound P, whereas, oxalic acid was superior to citric acid in reducing the Ca bound P. Application of 20 mg LMWOAs kg-1 was found to be better dose in enhancing the available P and reducing the Al, Fe and Ca bound P. The applied 100% recommended dose of phosphorus showed significant increase in available, calcium, aluminium and reductant P fractions over other levels of applied P. The application of LMWOAs significantly enhanced the P content in both wheat and soybean crops. However, both oxalic and citric acid were found at par with each other in enhancing the P content in the crops. Overall, 15 mg LMWOAs kg-1 was found to be economic level in enhancing the P content in the crops and 100% RDP application showed significant enhancement in grain, straw and root P content over other levels of applied P. The LMWOAs are actually the organic compounds, so there will be no adverse effect of these products application to the soil compared to the inorganic chemicals and fertilizers.
Effect of cogenerated bagasse ash on microbial population and enzyme activities in sugarcane grown soil
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, 413 722, ANNAPURNA M.V.V.I
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 2016-18 on an Inceptisol of Rahuri, Maharashtra to study the effect of cogenerated bagasse ash on microbial population and enzyme activities in preseasonal sugarcane (Sachharum officinarum) var. CoM 0265. The results indicated that the treatments which received 150 % RDK through cogenerated bagasse ash recorded the higher total bacteria (44.11, 45.89 and 32.78 cfu x 106 g-1 soil), fungi (17.78, 18.89 and 15.89 cfu x 105 g-1 soil) and actinomycetes (18.33, 19.22 and 15.78 cfu x 105 g-1 soil) count at earthing up, grand growth and harvest stage of preseasonal sugarcane, respectively. On the other hand, the highest dehydrogenase (13.38, 14.03 and 7.92 µg TPFg-1 soil h-1), urease (49.35, 51.68 and 38.15 µg NH4-N g-1 soil h-1), acid phosphatase (17.92, 18.85 and 13.23 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1) and alkaline phosphatase (64.81, 65.94 and 39.07 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1) enzyme activity in soil were also recorded in T9 (150 % RDK through cogenerated bagasse ash) at earthing up, grand growth and harvest stage of preseasonal sugarcane, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the microbial population and enzymatic activities of the soil were increased at initial stages and thereafter, progressively decreased with crop growth stages by the application of cogenerated bagasse ash. Application of 150 % RDK through CBA (6.62 t ha-1) along with recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorous (340 and 170 kg ha-1) through inorganic fertilizers and 20 t ha-1 FYM has improved the microbial population as well as enzymatic activities in sugarcane grown soil.
Abiotic stress tolerant, antagonistic Trichoderma spp. as an adaptation strategy for crop disease management under climate change conditions
Authors:   ICAR - Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad -500059, TADURI MEENAKSHI
Published: January 2023

Climate change and climatic variability are major over-riding concerns for Indian agriculture impacting ultimate farm profitability and sustainability.Both biotic and abiotic stresses are influenced by these phenomena. In the current study 13Trichoderma isolates were screened in-vitroat CRIDA - Hyderabad during 2018-2019, for their biotic and abiotic stress tolerance levels.In-vitro antagonistic activity with phytopathogens Macrophominaphaseolina (Mp), Fusariumoxysporumf.sp. ricini (FoR), Rhizoctoniasolani (Rs) and Sclerotiumrolfsii (Sr) revealed that T6,T7,T9,T12 and T13 isolates were most effective against Mp, FoR and Rs with 97-100% inhibition, in Rs T4, T12 and T13 with 69-75% inhibition were found to be best.In plant growth promotion traits, T5 was found to be the highest producer of IAA with 37.9g/mL, T6 and T8 produced the highest amounts of HCN (39.2ppm). Similarly ammonia was produced highest in T5 and T13 while in siderophore production was highest in T10 isolate with 80 SU. Under drought conditions, T3, T12, T11 and T13 isolates were tolerant up to -1.8MPa and in salinity conditionsT6, T12 and T13 isolates were resistant up to 220 dSm-1. T6, T12 and T13 isolates were found to sustain elevated temperatures up to 43°C. Most of the Trichoderma isolates were found to be effective antagonists and abiotic stress tolerant.