bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different methods for the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear membranes
Authors: ERCİ Fatih
Published: May 2019

In animal and yeast system, subcellular fractionation has been widely used in studies of protein localization and organelle proteomics. Alternatively, it has not been an effective way of study in plant system because of some experimental limitations. The main aim of this study is to optimize subcellular and subnuclear fractionation of wild-type of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Colombia (Col-0) leaves by comparing three different methods to isolate nuclear membrane. In the study, we at first optimized nuclear washing steps to remove chloroplast contents from nuclear fractions. By optimizing speed of centrifugation and chemical component of the nuclear washing buffer, purified nuclear fractions was obtained. After measurement of protein amount for each fraction, purity of the fractions was analyzed by western blot assay with some specific cell compartment markers such as anti-Histone3 for nuclear fraction and anti-Rubisco for cytoplasmic fraction. Also, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme assay was used to confirm purity of the fractions. Then, subnuclear fractionation was done to isolate purified nuclear membrane. Three different methods were used to separate the nuclear membrane from whole purified nucleus. Nuclear compartment markers such as anti-Histone3 and anti-Fibrillarin was used in this step. In the study, Inner Nuclear Membrane protein (AtSUN2) was used as a nuclear membrane marker. All things considered, we conclude that the method with DNase digestion and high centrifugation speed (first method ) is a more effective way in separation of nuclear membrane fractions because the low centrifugal speed (second method) does not appear to be sufficient for separating the nuclear membrane, and the third method does not seem to be a very effective way as it requires a high centrifugal speed.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of New Nitrobenzofuran Derivatives
Authors: KARABURUN Ahmet Çağrı
Published: May 2019

The object of present study is to assess anticandidal activities of some new aryl (5-nitrobenzofuran-2-yl)keton and ketoxime compounds. Eight aryl (5-nitrobenzofuran-2-yl)ketones and ketoximes were synthesized. IR, 1H-NMR and HR-MS spectroscopic data, performed the structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds. Anticandidal activities of the all synthesized compounds were studied. Compound 2c bearing methoxy group on phenyl ring showed the highest activity with MIC value of 3.12 μg mL-1 against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. None of the compounds activity results were equal to or better than that of the control compounds ketoconazole and fluconazole. However, compound 2c displayed a promising anticandidal activity.
Gama ile Işınlanmış Etosüksimid Numunesinin Radyasyon Duyarlılığının Elektron Paramanyetik Rezonans Spektroskopisi Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi
Authors: SÜTÇÜ Kerem
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı elektron paramanyetik rezonans spektroskopisi kullanılarak iyonize radyasyonun etosüksimid numunesinin radyasyon duyarlılığı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Işınlama sonrasında oluşan paramanyetik türlerin radyasyon duyarlılığını belirlemek maksadıyla, etosüksimid numunesine gama ışınları 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 ve 25 kiloGray dozlarında oda sıcaklığında uygulanmıştır. Numunenin sinyal şiddetlerinin mikrodalga güç fonksiyonuna bağlı değişimi 0.01-100 miliWatt aralığında incelenmiştir. Işınlanmış numunenin doz-cevap eğrilerini tanımlayan en yakın matematiksel denklemler belirlenmiştir. Absorbe edilen radyasyon dozuyla sinyal şiddetleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçümler gama ışımasıyla indüklenen serbest radikallerin dozimetrik özelliklerini incelemek için düşük ve yüksek sıcaklıklarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, serbest radikallerin stabilitelerini incelemek için ışınlanmış numunenin sinyal şiddetlerinin zamana bağımlılığı analiz edilmiştir.
Heybeli Gölü (Bitlis) Kuş Çeşitliliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: NERGİZ Hümeyra
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma, Van Gölü’nün kuzey kıyısında yer alan Heybeli Gölü’nde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada Mart 2017-Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen gözlem sonuçları değerlendirilmiş, 14 takım ve 32 familyaya ait 78 kuş türü tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerden 34’ü yerli (% 43.5), 35’i yaz ziyaretçisi (%44.8), 5’i kış ziyaretçisi (% 6.5) ve 4’ü transit göçerdir (%5.2). Heybeli Gölü kuşlarının IUCN (Uluslararası Doğa Koruma Birliği) kategorilerine göre tehlike durumları; Dikkuyruk ördek (Oxyura leucocephala)-EN, Van Gölü Martısı (Larus armenicus)-NT ve Kız kuşu (Vanellus vanellus)-NT, Elmabaş patka (Aythya ferina )-VU olarak verilmiştir. Ayrıca Bern Sözleşmesine göre alandaki kuş türlerinin 49 tanesi Ek II listesinde, 22 tanesi ise EK III listesinde yer almaktadır. Alandaki yasadışı avcılık, aşırı otlatma, kontrolsüz saz kesimi ve yakımı gibi aktivitelerin gölde konaklayan ve üreyen su kuşlarını olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Effects of (0.01Ni-PVA) interlayer, interface traps (Dit), and series resistance (Rs) on the conduction mechanisms(CMs) in the Au/n-Si (MS) structures at room temperature
Authors: ALTINDAL YERİŞKİN Seçkin
Published: May 2019

In order to determine effects of interlayer, Dit, and Rs on the CMs, both Au/n-Si and Au/(0.01Ni-PVA)/n-Si (MPS) structures were fabricated on the n-Si wafer and their electrical parameters were extracted from the current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (ΦBo), rectifying rate (RR at ±5V), Rs, shunt resistances (Rsh), and density of Dit (at 0.40eV) values were found from the I-V data as 1.944, 0.733 eV, 3.50×103, 64.8 , 0.23 M, 1.62x1013 eV-1cm-2 for MS and 1.533, 0.818 eV, 1.15×107, 5.0 , 57.5 M, 8.82x1012 eV-1cm-2 for MPS. Fermi energy (EF), barrier height (ΦB(C-V)), depletion-layer width (WD) values were obtained from the C-V data as 0.239 eV, 0.812 eV, 1.14x10-4 cm for MS and 0.233 eV, 0.888 eV, 9.31x10-5 cm for MPS. These results indicated that the MPS structure has lower Rs, Dit, leakage current and higher RR, Rsh, BH compared with MS and so this interlayer can be successfully used instead of conventional insulator interlayer. The Ln(I)-Ln(V) plot at forward-bias region has three linear parts corresponding to the low, intermediate, and higher voltages. In these regions; conduction mechanism (CM) is governed by ohmic, trap charge-limited current (TCLC) and space charge-limited current (SCLC), respectively.
Малогазовая детонация в низкоплотных механоактивированных порошковых смесях
Authors: Рашковский С.А. , Долгобородов А.Ю.
Published: May 2019

Experimental data on supersonic self-sustaining propagation of the energy release wave in low-density mechanically activated powder mixtures are analyzed. Various mechanisms that may be responsible for this process are analyzed, and a mechanism for the detonation-like propagation of the reaction in powder mixtures is proposed. It is shown that under certain conditions this process has all the signs of detonation and should be recognized as one of the types of detonation. It is shown that this type of detonation is fundamentally different from the classical "ideal" detonation, for example, in gases: instead of a shock wave, a compaction wave propagates through the powder mixture, in which there is basically no compression of the particle material, but powder compaction occurs due to the mutual rearrangement of particles. In this case, the initiation of a chemical reaction occurs due to the mutual friction of the oxidizer and fuel particles in the powder compaction wave.
Влияние длительного перорального введения золотых наночастиц различного размера на печень, селезенку и лимфатические узлы лабораторных крыс и их потомства-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Пахомий С.С. , Бучарская А.Б. , Маслякова Г.Н. , Злобина О.В. , Бугаева И.О. , Наволокин Н.А. , Мудрак Д.А. , Хлебцов Б.Н. , Богатырев В.А. , Хлебцов Н.Г.
Published: May 2019

The effect of prolonged oral administration of gold nanoparticles of various sizes on the structure of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes of mature laboratory rats and their offspring was studied. The morphometric study was performed using the system of digital image analysis of medical Mikrovizor µVizo-103. The detection of conglomerates of gold nanoparticles in tissues was carried out using the dark field microscopy method. It was found that gold nanoparticles of sizes 2 and 50 nm cause the most pronounced morphological changes in the organs, which indicates the size-dependent character of their effects. In the liver of the group with 50 nm gold nanoparticles administration the expressed dystrophy of hepatocytes and activation of monocytic-macrophage system were observed. In the spleen and lymph nodes, the processes of proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells and macrophages were activated. Oral administration of gold nanoparticles during pregnancy in females was accompanied by an increase in the number of hepatocytes with necrobiotic changes and an increase in the number of non-parenchymatous elements in the liver of the offspring, most pronounced in the groups with the administration of 2 and 50 nm gold nanoparticles.
Спонтанное и вынужденное комбинационное рассеяние света в протиевой и дейтериевой воде -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Горелик В.С. , Bi Dongxue , Войнов Ю.П. , Водчиц А.И. , Орлович В.А. , Савельева А.И.
Published: May 2019

Comparison of Raman scattering spectra for different samples of protium and deuterium water has been done. Registration of spectra was held with the help of fiber optics technique and BWS465-785H small sized spectrometer. For excitation of spontaneous Raman scattering spectra the continuously working laser (λ=785 nm) has been used. The essential differences of low frequency Raman scattering spectra for different water samples have been observed. Such differences have been explained by the presence of structural defects and imperfections in analyzed water. Stimulated Raman scattering spectra in protium and deuterium water have been observed with excitation by picosecond laser pulses with wavelength 532 nm. Low frequency Raman satellites in Stimulated Raman scattering spectra have been recorded, related to clusters of several water molecules.
Спектральный анализ органических компонентов деминерализованных костных биоимплантатов-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Тимченко П.Е. , Тимченко Е.В. , Волова Л.Т. , Фролов О.О.
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe results of an advanced spectral analysis of human donor bone grafts obtained using Raman spectroscopy are presented. Mathematical methods were applied to improve the resolution of spectral profiles, and chemometric principal component analysis was used to evaluate the organic components of the grafts. The results were compared to the proteomic data obtained using mass spectrometry. The main differences between cadaver and intraoperative grafts were observed in the Raman spectral lines at 1450 and 1735 cm^–1 (lipids and fatty acids), 917 and 937 cm^–1 (glycogen), and 814 and 894 cm^–1 (DNA), as well as 1238 and 1560 cm^–1 (amide II and amide III). It is shown that Raman spectroscopy can be employed to evaluate relative concentrations of components of DNA, RNA, collagen, protein, extracellular matrix, and bone tissue.
The Success of an EAP Programme in Tertiary Education: Using a Student-Centric Approach to Scaffold Materials in an EAP
Authors: Wai Cook Misty So-Sum
Published: May 2019

Researchers and practitioners who focus on academic writing in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses have reported on the need to equip students with the necessary knowledge and skills to deal with academic writing across different disciplines in tertiary education (Rinnert & Kobayashi, 2005; Shi, 2011; Thompson, 2013). Previous research (e.g., Crosthwaite, 2016) has predominantly measured students’ progress in an EAP by comparing students’ pre- and post-course scores of individual language/writing skills. Much less has been reported on the effectiveness of a detailed EAP curriculum design that scaffolds skills in stages. This study contributes to the current EAP research by examining holistically the impact of a 12-week EAP course that adopts a reading-to-write, student-centric approach to scaffold progressively difficult writing skills/knowledge to help students acquire academic writing skills by focusing on three core skills: language, text organisation, and content development. The data of this study show students’ perceptions of their writing abilities and the significant improvement in academic writing skills before and after completing the course.
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA. (GUAVA) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN
Authors: ALhaidari Samir Ahmed Ali , Abdullah Qais , Al-Deen Aziza M. Taj , Al-Hadi Fatima A. , Mahbashi Anas AL , Al-Kaf Ali Gamal , Al-Dubai Fouad A.
Published: May 2019

In this study methanolic and aqueous extracts of one plant namely Psidium guajava, were screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents and tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the results showed presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and amino acid were present in the methanol extract, with absence of glycosides, and amino acids in the aqueous extracts in leaves plant. TLC tests conducted revealed Rf values in the leaves for alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Phenols and Saponins(0.96-0.97-0.99-0.97-0.99) respectively. The antimicrobial activity extracts against four bacterial isolates Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp. and a single fungal isolate Candida albicans with concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, and 1,0 mg/ml) of the extract were added to the disc and respective solvent was used as negative control. The antioxidative activity of leaf was evaluated by using 1,1- diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the results showed are 88.4%, highest from standard, ascorbic acid 87.5%.
PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF HCV-CORE ANTIGEN TEST IN SCREENING PATIENTS FOR DIALYSIS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Hanash Samira H , Al-Shamahy Hassan A. , Bamshmous Mohammed Hussein Saleh
Published: May 2019

Hepatitis C virus infection is a constant worldwide public health concern. The prevalence of HCV infection is higher in patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) than in the general population. Despite the control of blood products, hepatitis C virus transmission is still being observed among patients undergoing dialysis. Detection systems for serum HCV antibodies are insensitive in the acute phase because of the long serological window. Direct detection of HCV depends on PCR test but this test is not suitable for routine screening. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of HCV, genotyping and if HCV core antigen test could be a better alternative to NAT techniques for the diagnosis of HCV infection during the window period and whether the sensitivity for antibody detection is preserved. We screened 159 patients on long-term dialysis by HVC antibodies test, PCR HCV-RNA and HCV core antigen test by commercial tests. The prevalence of HCV was 10.7% (17 patients) and genotype 4 was the most common one (64.7%). The sensitivity of HCV core antigen test was 94.1%, the specificity 100%, the positive predictive power 100%, and the negative predictive power 97.9%. In conclusions; patients on maintenance HD in Yemen have a high prevalence of HCV infection comparing with general population; and genotype 4 is predominant. The performance of serological detection of HCV core antigen was better than that of HCV antibodies test and may be an alternative to nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) for routine monitoring of patients on chronic dialysis.
SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS B, C, HIV AND TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN HODEIDA CITY- YEMEN
Authors: Al-kadassy Ahmed Mohsen , Al-Ashiry Abdulmalik Faisal Saleh , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: May 2019

Infections transmitted in blood transfusions are the most significant concern associated with blood donation. The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis viruses (B and C), HIV and T.pallidium among blood donors at National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (NBTRC) Hodeida Branch, Hodeida city, Yemen. Serological markers of HBV, HCV, HIV 1, 2, T. pallidium antibodies were studied in 25446 (males) using commercially available kits, over a period of 3 years from January 2016 to April 2018 at National Blood Transfusion and Research Center (NBTRC) Hodeida Branch , Hodeida city, Yemen. Also, the prevalence of confirmed-positive test results of these infections was evaluated among different ages. The sero-prevalence of HBV and HCV, HIV, T. pallidium infections based on confirmation tests, were 0.74%, 0.19%, 0.38% and 0.18% respectively. The prevalence of HBV was significantly higher in age groups 37-46 years and 47-56 years with significant associated OR equal to 2.3 (p<0.001) and OR=2.7 (p=0.02) respectively. The prevalence of HCV was significantly higher in age groups 47-56 years with significant associated OR equal to 6.5 (p=0.003). The prevalence of T.pallidium was significantly higher in age group 37-46 years with significant associated OR equal to 3.6 (p<0.001). In conclusion: this study highlights the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and T. pallidium among different male ages. The prevalence varies from one age group to another, being the lowest among younger and very older age groups. Therefore, extensive recruitment of young donors should help ensure a long-term increase in the blood supply without jeopardizing safety.
Apresentação
Authors: Zimmermann Tânia Regina , De Medeiros Márcia Maria
Published: May 2019

Apresentação dossiê.
Reputation and image recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake A long journey with high hopes
Authors: Sano Kaede
Published: May 2019

Tourism is considered one of the more important industries in the world, contributing economically to many countries’ development (Huang et al., 2008). The Japanese government has actively promoted inbound tourism since the launch of the ‘Visit Japan’ campaign in 2003, by implementing various policies, such as relaxing tourist visas, building a tourist-friendly environment, implementing a tax-free policy and so on. As a result, 28,691,073 international tourists visited Japan in 2017, compared to 5,211,725 in 2003 (JNTO, 2018a, 2018b). Undoubtedly, the booming tourism market brought a significant economic impact to Japan. According to data from the Japan Tourism Agency (JTA, 2017), the economic impact of tourism in 2015 amounted to 25.5 trillion Japanese yen (approximately USD 234 billion), and tourism accounted for four million jobs or 6.7% of nationwide employment (JTA, 2017).
However, the tourism industry is also more fragmented and vulnerable to crises and disasters (Faulkner, 2001; Ritchie, 2004), and the industry often finds it difficult to rebound quickly from crises and disasters that have damaged the image of a destination (Cassedy, 1992). Although the number of international tourists to Japan has continually increased since 2003, the industry was greatly affected by the world-wide financial crisis in 2009 and the Great East Japan Earthquake (also called the 3.11 Earthquake and Tohoku Earthquake) in 2011.
When two worlds collide Branding industrial destinations
Authors: Lai Po-Hsin , Walters Gabby
Published: May 2019

Many parts of the world are increasingly faced with the pressure to accommodate activities of various, and at times, conflicting functions (Holmes, 2006; Lai et al., 2017; Woods 2012). Areas rich in natural resources are often not only conducive to the development of industrial activities, such as mining, energy development, and manufacturing. The natural and socio-economic landscapes they host may also be promoted as assets attractive to tourists seeking unique, authentic, and/or educational tourism experiences (Beer et al., 2017; de Sousa & Kastenholz, 2015; Frantál & Urbánková, 2017). Tourism has been commonly used as a tool to support economic development or regeneration in rural areas and industrial cities (Lane & Kastenholz, 2015; Petrzelka et al., 2006). When an area’s industrial activities are in decline and/or fall short in supporting its economy, tourism can provide a supplementary or alternative model to the existing industrial-based economy.
E communication in crisis communication Best practice for tourism destination management organizations
Authors: Capriello Antonella , Splendiani Simone
Published: May 2019

The role of crisis communication is becoming increasingly important in disaster management, especially considering the impact that disasters can have on the image and reputation of tourist destinations. Although the literature has begun to focus on this topic in recent years, the greater number of natural disasters and the impact of new media communication tools, make this theme particularly interesting for further scholarly investigation. Developing an effective crisis communication strategy requires consideration of the role that local authorities, including destination management organizations (DMOs) play, the channels they use, and the content that should be included. Numerous authors have analyzed this issue from a chronological perspective in terms of the difference phases of a crisis starting from preparation and ending with recovery. However, a series of strategic requirements emerge alongside these phases for successful crisis management, including:
- Cooperation with the media in providing information to the public; in particular, imparting a consistent message to all stakeholders to build credibility and preserve the image of organizations and destinations.
- Preparedness and the capacity to plan an effective communication response to a crisis in advance, paying attention to the specific characteristics of each case.
- The development of a public relations plan that creates a support network for the dissemination of communication across multiple channels facilitated by the web and Information Communications Technologies (ICTs).
Hope for Haiti How media narratives can transform a destination in despair
Authors: Wise Nicholas
Published: May 2019

Haiti has been beset by a series of natural disasters over the past decade, notably the 2010 7.0 magnitude Haiti Earthquake and Hurricane Matthew in 2016, which caused catastrophic flooding. However, in addition to the natural disasters, Haiti is the poorest economy in the western hemisphere and has a history of politically turbulent events, each of which have contributed to despair and a negative destination image (Séraphin, 2018; Séraphin et al., 2017). This is a troubling combination for a tourist destination. Haiti, as a destination in the Caribbean, has a strategic advantage with its expansive coast and natural attractions, but the underdevelopment of tourism in Haiti is linked to shadows of natural disasters, economic dependence on foreign aid and political uncertainty (see Séraphin et al., 2017; Wise and Díaz-Garayúa, 2015). The power of nature has placed much media attention on Haiti, and it has gained much negative attention in recent years in the media, but the images of a ‘beautiful destination’ is now changing the narrative to a destination on the rise (Caribbean News Now, 2017a; The World Bank, 2018). However, tourism in a developing country comes with numerous obstacles, as extensive investments are needed to allow tourism to thrive in the increasingly competitive Caribbean market. This is where the media plays a crucial role in transforming how a destination is portrayed. This chapter will assess narratives sourced from newspaper travel articles published in 2017 to understand how presentations of tourism in Haiti are constructing a new image of the country as an emerging tourism destination—an attempt to overcome the range of negative connotations. However, while the chapter focuses on image recovery in relation to the recent natural disasters in Haiti, it must also be noted that Haiti is also a destination with longstanding image issues given the extent of poverty, violence and political corruption (Séraphin, 2018).
Managing media sensationalism in the event of an airline disaster
Authors: Delmo Kate M. , Chaidaroon Sean
Published: May 2019

Airlines are a critical sector in the tourism industry. Progress in travel and mobility presents both opportunities and challenges to airline companies (Henderson, 2003). Airlines put a premium on the safety of travellers in their journey to and from destinations. They are meant to be prepared for potential disruptions to their operations. Airlines are, however, susceptible to certain tragic events that come without warning and bring fatal consequences (Fishman, 1999; Henderson, 2003). An airline crash is one of them. Causes of plane crashes vary from technical failure, manufacturing defects, extreme weather conditions, human error, or a combination of these. Post the September 11 World Trade Centre attacks, acts of terrorism are added to the list. Regardless of what causes a plane to crash, the unpredictability and high concentration of death and injury in a single event commonly lead to extreme grief and anger among members of the public (Gerken et al., 2016; Henderson, 2003). When a plane crashes, the host airline company encounters intense government, media and public scrutiny (Faulkner, 2001; Fishman, 1999; Henderson, 2003).
Airline crashes provide an emotionally compelling as well as highly visual and textual media story (Vincent et al., 1997 cited in Fishman, 1999). Events surrounding an airline crash provide journalists and media practitioners with various narratives and perspectives that they can choose to use in writing stories about the incident. Media stories influence organisational reputation, which is defined as “collective representation of images of an organisation established over time” (Cornelissen, 2011:8). In media coverage of airline crashes, framing is a way for media practitioners to promote salient angles or storylines about the crash (Entman, 1993). It is critical for airline management to examine storylines about the airline crash because media reports influence stakeholder perceptions. Media reports of a plane crash provide audiences with “visible public expressions of approval or disapproval of [airlines] and their actions” (Valentini & Romenti, 2011:361). Therefore, effectively managing media in news reports of an airline crisis is crucial to an airline company to restore its reputation. An airline’s reputation influences travel decisions and thus impacts tourism and hospitality industry as a whole.
Introduction
Authors: Mair Judith , Walters Gabby
Published: May 2019

Tourism has always been impacted by crises and disasters, and no tourism destination is exempt (Beirman, 2006). Tourism is particularly susceptible to natural disasters (hurricanes, earthquakes and bushfires amongst others), which can cause sudden and immediate damage and destruction to destinations and their infrastructure, as well as longer terms issues with reduced visitor arrivals, leading to knock-on employment problems (Huang et al., 2008). However, there are other types of man-made crises that can also affect the tourism industry, including the actual or perceived threat of terrorism or political instability within a destination. Additionally, while some crises may affect entire destinations, others are more specific, affecting only particular industry sectors or organisations. Finally, not all challenges for destination marketers arise suddenly. Many destinations struggle to attract tourists because they are perceived to be unattractive for some reason, perhaps as a result of the long-running presence of heavy industry. The common thread linking these various crises, disasters and challenges is the unfortunate effect that they have on the reputation and image of the destination or organisation involved. Faulkner (2001: 136) defined a disaster as “a situation where an enterprise or a destination is confronted with sudden unpredictable catastrophic changes over which it has little control”. A crisis, on the other hand, is considered to be “a situation where the root cause of an event is, to some extent, self-inflicted through such problems as inept management structures and practices or a failure to adapt to change” (Faulkner 2001, p.136).
However, while there is an academic distinction between the term ‘crisis’ and ‘disaster’, they are often used interchangeably and in this book, both terms will be used.
Interrelation of non-drug correction of menopausal disorders and functioning of the pituitary-thyroid system in women with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Berihanova RR , Minenko IA
Published: May 2019

In perimenopausal women, the frequency of thyroid diseases and metabolic syndrome (MS) increases. In this work, the effect of non-drug correction programs for menopausal disorders on the structural and functional state of the thyroid gland in patients with MS was evaluated. For that, five groups of women (330 people total) aged 45–50 years with climacteric syndrome (CS) against the background of MS were examined. For the index group and the experimental groups the following was used: basic treatment, exercise therapy, drinking balneotherapy, additional oral intake of multivitamins and minerals, as well as physical therapy — vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, music therapy, aromatherapy, aeroionotherapy in various combinations. In the control group, only basic treatment was used. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (free T4) in serum were determined, a sonographic study of the thyroid gland was performed. According to the study results, the use of correction programs using physical therapy methods improved the functioning parameters of the pituitary-thyroid system in the surveyed patients. In women with moderate-severity CS, the best results were obtained while simultaneously using all the mentioned above physiotherapy methods: during the transition period the TSH decreased by 6.5%, during the postmenopausal period — by 5.6%, the level of free T4 increased by 6.5% and 6,6% respectively (р < 0.05, applied to both parameters). It can be concluded that non-drug programs, including physical therapy, have a protective effect on the thyroid gland function. In case of moderate-severity climacteric syndrome, the program with simultaneous use of vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, music therapy, aromatherapy, aeroionotherapy has priority.
A rationale for the use of anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis as efficacy criteria for summer camp healthcare
Authors: Gavryushin MYu , Sazonova OV , Gorbachev DO , Borodina LM , Frolova OV , Tupikova DS
Published: May 2019

The proportion of obese and overweight children is alarmingly high. This dictates the need for promoting healthy lifestyle and eating habits in children. Summer camps provide a wide range of activities to improve children’s health. However, methods used to assess children’s nutritional status during a camp session need to be analyzed in depth, and a rationale should be provided for the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measurements as efficacy criteria for summer camp healthcare. We examined 125 boys and 221 girls aged 8–15 years spending their summer holidays at 3 different camps. Measurements were taken twice: on days 1 and 2 upon arrival to a camp and 2 days before leaving for home. In each camp, both positive and negative health weight dynamics were observed. The overall weight dynamics in children from camps 1 and 2 were statistically insignificant (p = 0.415 and p = 0.585), in contrast to camp 3 where those changes were significant (p = 0.025). BIA revealed that less than 44.34% of children had gained skeletal muscle mass during their stay at the camp, whereas weight loss was associated with both decreased fat and skeletal muscle masses. BIA confirms the results of anthropometric measurements and also provides information about the diet offered to children and their level of physical activity. Therefore, the use of anthropometric measurements and BIA could be an informative method for assessing the efficacy of healthcare in summer camps.
PEMANFAATAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS UNTUK ARAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI DAS PERCUT, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Rahmad Riki , Sormin Adelina
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arahan penggunaan lahan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Percut dengan memanfaatkan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh daerah Sub DAS Percut. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling, yaitu populasi sekaligus dijadikan sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis kualitatif dengan pengharkatan (scoring) pada parameter penelitian berupa overlay/ tumpang susun peta. Overlay peta merupakan teknik analisis dalam SIG untuk mengetahui dan melakukan analisis keruangan yang dilakukan dengan cara tumpang susun antara beberapa peta dengan berbeda, yang menggunakan perangkat lunak  ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Percut terdiri dari 3  kawasan, yaitu Kawasan Lindung dengan luas 4.258,19 Ha atau 9,9% dari keseluruhan daerah penelitian. Kawasan penyangga yaitu dengan luas 9.250 Ha atau (21,7%) dan Kawasan Budidaya tanaman semusim dan permukiman yaitu dengan luas 29.250 Ha atau 68,4%.
ANALISA PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN TERHADAP POTENSI BANJIR DI KECAMATANMEDAN DENAI
Authors: Masyhuri Wirawan
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi pola perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Medan Denai pada tahun 2008 – 2013, (2) mengetahui pola perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Medan Denai yang menunjukkan potensi banjir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Medan Denai Kota Medan tahun 2014. Populasi penelitian ini adalah penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Medan Denai pada tahun 2008 dan 2013. Sampel penelitian ini ditentukan secara acak atau menggunakan teknik random sampling yakni berupa penggunaan lahan yang dominan di Kecamatan Medan Denai, yaitu permukiman/lahan terbangun, lahan terbuka, lahan jasa, kebun campuran, lahan pertanian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi, interpretasi, kerja lapangan dan analisis. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) penggunaan lahan yang paling banyak mengalami penambahan luas dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir adalah permukiman/lahan terbangun sebesar 96,55%, dan penggunaan lahan yang paling sedikit mengalami penambahan luas adalah lahan jasa sebesar 3,45%. Sedangkan kebun campuran mengalami penurunan luas sebesar 59,94%, lahan sawah sebesar 5,23%, lahan terbuka sebesar 30,83%, dan lahan tegalan sebesar 4,01% dari total luas lahan yang berubah. (2) penggunaan lahan yang di kecamatan medan denai yang mengakibatkan banjir muncul akibat dominasi lahan permukiman/ lahan terbangun dengan jumlah titik yang bertambah dari 9 titik pada tahun 2008 berubah menjadi 16 titik pada tahun 2013 serta luasan yang bertambah. Kelurahan Tegal Sari Mandala 3 merupakan yang rentan terkena banjir karena lahan permukiman/ lahan terbangun yang padat cukup mendominasi, jumlah titik genangan/ banjir yang tadinya hanya 3 titik berubah menjadi 4 titik dengan luasan yang bertambah.
PENGEMBANGAN AIR TERJUN SIKULIKAP DESA DOULU SEBAGAI OBJEK WISATA ANDALAN MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Purba Josephine Adelways
Published: May 2019

Kawasan wisata Air Terjun Sikulikap di Desa Doulu merupakan sebuah wisata barunya Sumatera Utara yang dalam tahap perintisan dan pengembangan. Sehingga banyak peluang untuk melakukan penelitian maupun dijadikan sebuah lokasi untuk kegiatan penelitian. Banyaknya potensi yang melimpah dari hasil alamnya, perikanannya, berbagai macam makanan khas dari Tanah Karo, dan masyarakat yang ramah serta mudah untuk diajak kerjasama. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Potensi wisata dan persepsi pengunjung tentang Sapta Air Terjun Sikulikap Di Desa Doulu, Kecamatan Berastagi Kabupaten Karo. Metode penelitian ini dianalisis dengan deskriftif kualitatif yaitu dengan menampilkan data dalam bentuk tabel-tabel frekuensi mengenai persepsi masyarakat mengenai objek wisata Air Terjun Sikulikap. Dengan adanya panorama alam yang indah dan suasana objek wisata yang memberikan kenyamanan yang dimiliki oleh objek wisata Air Terjun Sikulikap maka pengunjung tidak akan bosan dalam berkunjung. Sehingga tidak terpengaruh dengan munculnya objek wisata baru serta persaingan antar objek wisata. Maka pemerintah harus meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana serta infrastruktur yang menunjang dan peningkatan fasilitas-fasilitas penunjang lainnya sehingga menarik dan memberi kenyamanan bagi pengunjung.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA NELAYAN PERAHU MESIN TEMPEL DI KELURAHAN BELAWAN BAHAGIA KECAMATAN BELAWAN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Hutabarat Nuraini , Lumbantoruan Walbiden
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pendapatan keluarga nelayan perahu mesin tempel di kelurahan Belawan Bahagia Kecamatan Belawan Kota Medan, (2) Tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga nelayan perahu mesin tempel di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia Kecamatan Belawan Kota Medan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia Kecamatan Belawan Kota Medan tahun 2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Nelayan Perahu Mesin Tempel di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia yang berjumlah 33 kepala keluarga. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Total Sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik komunikasi langsung dan teknik studi dokumenter. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tingkat pendapatan keluarga nelayan perahu mesin tempel di Kelurahan Belawan Bahagia 16 (48,49%) keluarga tergolong dalam kategori sedang, 9 (27,27%) keluarga tergolong dalam kategori tinggi, dan 8 (24,24%) keluarga yang tergolong dalam kategori rendah. Bila dikaitkan dengan UMR kota Medan 2018 (Rp.2.132.188) maka pendapatan keluaraga nelayan perahu mesin tempel seluruhnya berada di atas UMR kota Medan. (2) Tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga nelayan perahu mesin tempel di kelurahan Belawan Bahagia 8 (24,24%) keluarga tergolong Keluarga Pra Sejahtera, 19 (57,58%) keluarga tergolong Keluarga Sejahtera I, 3 (9,09%) keluarga tergolong Keluarga Sejahtera II, 2 (6,06%) keluarga tergolong Keluarga Sejahtera III, dan 1 (3,03%) keluarga tergolong Keluarga Sejahtera III+. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga, yang mana semakin tinggi pendapatan keluarga, semakin tinggi pula tingkat kesejahateran keluarga tersebut. Kata kunci: Nelayan, Kesejahteraan, Pendapatan
Perforacja jelit jako powikłanie chemioterapii ostrej białaczki limfoblastycznej u dzieci – opis dwóch przypadków
Authors: Kaleta Marcelina , Zawitkowska Joanna , Kowalczyk Jerzy R. , Olcha Tomasz
Published: May 2019

Wielolekowa chemioterapia stanowi podstawę współczesnych metod leczenia nowotworów układu krwiotwórczego u dzieci. Stosując poszczególne grupy leków, należy mieć na uwadze ewentualne ich skutki uboczne, m.in. zaburzenia gastroenterologiczne. Prezentujemy przypadki kliniczne dwóch pacjentów z ostrą białaczką limfoblastyczną, leczonych w Klinice Hematologii, Onkologii i Transplantologii Dziecięcej w Lublinie, u których powikłaniem chemioterapii była perforacja jelit. W obydwu przypadkach w trakcie leczenia indukcyjnego wystąpiły silne bóle brzucha. W badaniu fizykalnym stwierdzono wzdęcie brzucha, brak perystaltyki, wypuk bębenkowy, a w wykonanym zdjęciu radiologicznym jamy brzusznej cechy niedrożności oraz perforacji jelit. W trybie pilnym wykonano zabieg chirurgiczny. Zarówno operacja, jak i czas rekonwalescencji były przyczyną długich przerw w chemioterapii, co mogło wpływać na rokowanie. Dotychczas nie zostały opracowane algorytmy dotyczące postępowania w przypadku perforacji u pediatrycznych pacjentów onkologicznych. Szeroko rozumiana profilaktyka stanowi niekwestionowaną rolę w zapobieganiu działaniom niepożądanym leków.
Main problems in natural seed regeneration of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands in Ukraine
Authors: Rumiantsev Maksym , Lukyanets Volodymyr , Musienko Sergiy , Mostepanyuk Andriy , Obolonyk Iryna
Published: May 2019

The literature review article sums up research experiences in natural seed regeneration in oak forests. In the past, the natural habitat for pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) was considerably wider than now. The downward trend in the area of oak stands is observed both in Ukraine and other European countries. In Ukraine, the area of natural oak stands of seed origin is decreasing by 2.0 thousand hectares each year. The most significant environmental factor in the emergence and normal growth of young oaks of seed origin is the light amount, which should reach at least 20% of the full sunlight. In addition to the light, the main factors contributing to the emergence of oak seedlings under forest canopies and in cutting areas are the oak fruiting and the litter and soil moisture. On the contrary, the excessive development of forest live cover with sedge and cereal vegetation, root competition from the parent trees, and a dense undergrowth were the hindering factors. In the forests of Ukraine, the largest number of natural seed reproduction of oak (more than 100 thousand stems ha−1) after the harvest year was recorded under the canopy of mature and overmature oak forests with a stocking of 0.6–0.7 and with 70 oaks in the stand species composition, growing in conditions of fresh and moist oak forests of Polissya and Forest-Steppe zones. Scientific and methodical guidelines for using natural reproduction of valuable species during the natural seed regeneration of oak stands were improved.
A new instrument for predicting survival of patients with cerebral metastases from breast cancer developed in a homogeneously treated cohort
Authors: Janssen Stefan , Hansen Heinke C , Dziggel Liesa , Schild Steven E , Rades Dirk
Published: May 2019

Background

Previous survival scores for breast cancer patients with cerebral metastases were developed in cohorts receiving heterogeneous treatments, which could have introduced selection biases. A new instrument (WBRT-30-BC) was created from 170 patients receiving whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) alone with 30 Gy in 10 fractions.

Methods

Characteristics showing significant associations (p < 0.05) with overall survival (OS) or a trend (p < 0.08) on multivariate analysis were used for the WBRT-30-BC. For each characteristic, 6-month OS rates were divided by 10. These scoring points were added for each patient (patient scores). The WBRT-30-BC was compared to the diagnosis- specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) classification and Rades-Score for breast cancer regarding positive predictive values (PPVs) to identify patients dying within 6 months and patients surviving at least 6 months following WBRT.

Results

On multivariate analysis, Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was significant (risk ratio [RR]: 2.45, p < 0.001). In addition, extra-cerebral metastatic disease (RR: 1.52, p = 0.071) and time between breast cancer diagnosis and WBRT (RR: 1.37, p = 0.070) showed a trend. Based on these three characteristics, four predictive groups were designed: 7–9, 10–12, 13–15 and 16 points. Six-month OS rates were 8%, 41%, 68% and 100% (p < 0.001). PPVs to identify patients dying within 6 months were 92% (WBRT-30-BC), 84% (DS-GPA) and 92% (Rades-Score). PPVs to identify patients surviving for at least 6 months were 100% (WBRT-30-BC), 74% (DS-GPA) and 68% (Rades-Score).

Conclusions

The WBRT-30-BC appeared very accurate in predicting death ≤ 6 months and survival ≥ 6 months of breast cancer patients receiving WBRT. It was superior to previous instruments in predicting survival ≥ 6 months.
The biology and clinical potential of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Lozar Taja , Gersak Klara , Cemazar Maja , Kuhar Cvetka Grasic , Jesenko Tanja
Published: May 2019

Background

Tumor cells can shed from the tumor, enter the circulation and travel to distant organs, where they can seed metastases. These cells are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The ability of CTCs to populate distant tissues and organs has led us to believe they are the primary cause of cancer metastasis. The biological properties and interaction of CTCs with other cell types during intravasation, circulation in the bloodstream, extravasation and colonization are multifaceted and include changes of CTC phenotypes that are regulated by many signaling molecules, including cytokines and chemokines. Considering a sample is readily accessible by a simple blood draw, monitoring CTC levels in the blood has exceptional implications in oncology field. A method called the liquid biopsy allows the extraction of not only CTC, but also CTC products, such as cell free DNA (cfDNA), cell free RNA (cfRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and exosomes.

Conclusions

The clinical utility of CTCs and their products is increasing with advances in liquid biopsy technology. Clinical applications of liquid biopsy to detect CTCs and their products are numerous and could be used for screening of the presence of the cancer in the general population, as well as for prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer patients. With the development of better CTC isolation technologies and clinical testing in large prospective trials, increasing clinical utility of CTCs can be expected. The understanding of their biology and interactions with other cell types, particularly with those of the immune system and the rise of immunotherapy also hold great promise for novel therapeutic possibilities.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL LAND AGENCY IN ACCELERATION OF LAND REGISTRATION FOR LEGAL CERTAINTY
Authors: Yamin Muhammad
Published: May 2019

Observing a lot of land conflicts in Indonesia which is constantly increasing, and followed by the rapidly growing populations that caused the demand for land will also increase automatically. While the number of the available land is limited (not increasing). This condition will surely causes problems on controlling and ownership of the land. This research aims to identify the factors which causes conflict (dispute) of land, by doing inventory to the lands which is owned by the community (whether it is registered or not registered). From this temporary research result, it is known that, the implementation of the land registration in Deli Serdang district (the research location) has not happened as expected. It can be seen from the number of land which has not been registered, this condition will certainly trigger conflicts or disputes in society, both ownership boundary disputes, control of illegal land (arable land), inheritance disputes, etc. Certificate ownership mostly only exist in urban area. The lack of interest by the community to join the land registration is due to various of reasons, which is: 1) the community do not recognized the purpose of land registration, 2) the cost is expensive, 3) the management is convoluted, 4) the community feels that it is not a necessary to do it, 5) arable land. In this research, the role of National Land Agency (NLA) as the organizer of land registration has not been surely prominent, it is visible that the NLA  office is more passive, which is only waiting for the arrival of the owner land to register their lands, NLA should be more involved in land registration and followed by socialization, counseling for the community. As well for the land disputes which is in the region of the Land Office until this moment is currently unfinished and still having a lot of problems, in order to achieve the above purpose, Deli Serdang Land Office has taken steps by empowering all the existing abilities, it has been a huge duty for Land Office, by remembering there will be more and more usage and utilization in the future, while the available land is limited, and hoping that the community will be motivated to registered their lands for achieving the legal certainty.