bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Technology in the Age of Covid-19 and Its Effects on Performance
Authors: Ausat Abu Muna Almaududi
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has harmed many parties, but that is not the only reason. Individuals and organizations must be adaptable to changing conditions. One of them is to adapt more to technological advances to have a positive effect on the long-term sustainability of performance, both on an individual and organizational level. In this study, the author will describe the use of technology during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as how it relates to performance, using a descriptive qualitative approach method. The findings of this study show that technology is an excellent tool for overcoming adversity and becoming a solution for surviving and competing in the age of disruption, particularly during a crisis. We must be adaptable as thinking individuals and organizations to improvise with technological sophistication. Because one of the primary goals of technology is to aid in the improvement of the economy. The study's limitation is that it still does not focus on a specific unit of analysis, which is what type of technology is meant. As a result, it is recommended that future research focus on the type of technology discussed by using a quantitative approach method on specific objects with a large number of samples, and that interview techniques be used as a supplement to data collection techniques. This study can also be used as a reference source to supplement references demonstrating the importance of technology during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Determinants of Consumer Purchases in the Perspective of Business Psychology
Authors: Silvy Sondari Gadzali
Published: February 2023

Technology's quick advancement has compelled businesses to employ the most modern business practices, including e-commerce. However, a lot of businesses fail to take internal HR into account while aiming for company success. They believe that the machine is the key element. Since business goals are broad and include the welfare of many parties, the goal of this study is to examine the role of psychology in business. Because of this, it is crucial for a business to map the conceptual framework of consumer behavior using a variety of criteria. This is a library research project, and the data used is secondary data from various literatures. A qualitative descriptive method is used to assess the acquired data. According to the study's findings, business psychology is a field of study that examines how people behave in the workplace and approaches business from a human behavior perspective. Therefore, rather than machinery or manufacturing equipment, the function of humans in a firm or organization must be viewed as the primary factor in a business' success. Additionally, the application of psychology in business takes into account a number of elements that businesses must comprehend in order to draw in customers, at the very least through understanding their motivations, attitudes, and perception.
Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Paederia foetida Leaves (EEPFL) in Albino Rats
Authors: Tassa Bikram , Sahu Navajit , Barman Nabajit , Sahu Gautam
Published: February 2023

The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPFL). The ethanolic extract was obtained by infusion method, and acute oral toxicity tests were performed according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006 (OECD) guidelines. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding the rats with a high-fat diet consisting of coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3 v/v at a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight. The extract was given at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured for antihyperlipidemic activity. For antioxidant activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) were measured using standard methods. The extract showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and MDA in the blood. On the other hand, HDL, CAT, and SOD increased significantly. The study demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of leaves of Paederia foetida decreased blood lipid levels and lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the EEPFL may have potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Наблюдаваният човек
Authors: Tsenkov Nikolay
Published: February 2023

The article considers some modes of artistic performance as a reaction against the present technological determinism. This creative resistance has a kind of game-based, competitive element – “to outwit the system” – which is a form of play. This line emerges as a kind of sociological and aesthetic strategy in some new art movements, an artistic reflex in defense of the "right to remain invisible". Briefly: the article will trace how the observed person (homo vigilatus), playing (homo ludens), consolidates with a new discourse his role as a creator (homo creator).
Красотата като автентичност и автентичността като красота в разказите на Николай Хайтов
Authors: Turlakov Nikolay
Published: February 2023

In this article, I examine some philosophical intuitions and existential motives in the descriptions of the beautiful in the stories of Nikolay Haitov. When Haitov asks what the "soul” of our language is, “its beauty", he does not give an explicit answer, but simply describes the beauty he sees in the richness of the Bulgarian language. If the beauty of language, which has found expression in folk songs and stories, implies the gift of unknown "talented masters", bards and story tellers, then, for its part, this beauty lasts only insofar as it is daily revived and shared in people’s soul. The soul wants a soul. Haitov's stories are valuable from a philosophical point of view, because they show the primordial and inseparable connection of beauty and language – the sense of beauty is cultivated as an experience in language. And then any masterly artistic description of the beautiful can be considered as a kind of reciprocal relation of language to the sense of the beautiful, in which the latter is enriched and constructed as taste.
The impact of Brazilian food science over the past two decades. A critical review and meta-analysis
Authors: Teixeira Gerson Lopes , Ferreira Bruno Luis
Published: February 2023

Among the many research areas that have significantly leveraged science in Brazil over the last two decades, food science stood out as one of the most prominent subgroups in agricultural sciences. Studies involving chemistry, biochemistry, nutritional, physicochemical, biological, microbiological, safety, digestibility, preservation, bioactivity, toxicity, processing effects, regulations, authentication, and other properties of food emerged as critical topics and proved to be of great relevance along with other fields of science. Although most developed countries count on massive budgets and public investment in research, Brazil still faces considerable challenges in adequately funding studies in this vital area. However, despite low budgets and a few public policies to leverage the food science area, Brazil reached the fifth position amongst the most relevant worldwide and the most prominent Latin American country in the field over the past 20 years. This review critically discusses the advances and relevance of Brazilian food science research and its overall impact worldwide, highlighting the most researched topics, the higher-producing universities, investments in the field, and the challenges of continuing to grow.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction using [BMIM][Cl] ionic liquid as an effective method for recovering phenolic compounds from the coproduct of guava processing
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Luís , Bohn Vitória Feilstrecker , Waltrich Lissandra , Block Jane Mara , Granato Daniel , Nunes Itaciara Larroza
Published: February 2023

Ionic liquids (IL) are an innovative alternative to organic classic solvents for recovering phenolic compounds. In this study the influence of different parameters for the extraction of phenolic compounds from red guava coproduct using the ionic liquid [BMIM][Cl] associated with ultrasound-assisted extraction (ILUAE) was compared to methanolic extraction. The IL [BMIM][Cl] was synthesized and characterized by its melting point and MS/MS fragments. A full factorial design 23 was used to evaluate the effects of the concentration of [BMIM][Cl], extraction time, and temperature on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the obtained extracts. An IL concentration of 2.5 mol L-1, extraction time of 10 min at 35 °C showed the highest amount of TPC (4.01 mg g-1 gallic acid). The highest AA (8.77 mg g-1 ascorbic acid) was reached using an IL concentration of 2.5 mol L-1, extraction time of 40 min at 55 °C. These results were superior to those obtained for methanol extraction (1.58 mg g-1 gallic acid, and 3.65 mg g-1 ascorbic acid, respectively). The results indicated that the innovative extraction method using ILUAE was quick, straightforward, and effective for recovering valuable bioactive compounds from red guava coproduct without using organic solvents.
Physician burnout levels and associated factors in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yilmaz Sinan , Koşan Zahide , Ezel Bilge , Esra Çınar , Sibel İba
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, is frequently observed in physicians. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine burnout levels and associated factors in physicians during the pandemic. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was performed online with 288 physicians from various fields in Erzurum. Sociodemographic questions and the Maslach Burnout Inventory represented the data collection tools. The data were collected online in May and June 2021. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics, Student's t and ANOVA tests And Multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis were used. p values < 0.05 were regarded as significant. Analysis was performed on SPSS 22. Results: Physicians' mean emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment component scores were 20.1 ± 8.3, 6.7 ± 4.5, and 21.1 ± 4.5, respectively. Analysis showed that 49.7% of physicians exhibited moderate-high emotional exhaustion, 35.8% high-moderate depersonalization, and 69.8% signs of low personal accomplishment. Job title, regret concerning selecting the medical profession, satisfaction with the working environment, number of additional monthly out-of-hours shifts worked, regular sporting activity, and assessment of the physical conditions in the working environment emerged as factors affecting burnout components at regression analysis. Conclusion: The participants' burnout levels were high. The planning of effective interventions addressing individual and work-related factors with a holistic approach is essential to halt this rapidly growing epidemic.
Wolhuter, C.C. y Wiseman, A.W. (Coord.) (2022): Patterns in the Global North: The Ebb of global forces and the flow of contextual imperatives (Bingley: Emerald Publishing), 189 pp. ISBN: 978-1-80262-518-9 (print version)
Authors: Fernández-García Carmen-María
Published: February 2023

N/A
Research on Design System of Offshore Platform Accommodation Cabin Based on Kansei Engineering
Authors: Shi Lin , Chen Haoqiang , Wang Zhichuang
Published: February 2023

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Accommodation cabin is a living place for operators, and it should play a role in alleviating the fatigue and stress. This paper focuses on the problem of monotony and lack of emotional care in the design of accommodation, and develops a design system to meet the emotional needs of operators based on Kansei Engineering. First, the key design elements affecting emotional comfort are extracted and the virtual reality experimental platform is established. Second, the affective factors are extracted, constituting the semantic space. Third, the mapping relationship between affective factors and design elements is established. Finally, the design system of accommodation cabin based on the emotional needs is developed. The system can output and evaluate the design scheme through virtual reality technology, so it makes the design process more intuitive and efficient. It has a certain reference value for improving the comfort experience of operators and the design level of accommodation cabin.

Introduction

Offshore platform is an important guarantee for territorial development and utilization of marine resources. As offshore platform is relatively special, it has particular structure that is different from buildings on land. It is made of steel and equipped with a lot of large equipment, so it is relatively closed. During offshore operation, operators need to work and life on offshore platforms for a long time. Monotonous working condition and long-term alienation from terrestrial landscape and relatives will have impact on their physical and mental health (Xu et al. 2013). According to the survey, about 13% of the workers who have worked on the platform for more than 10 years will have psychologic or behavioral abnormalities (Wu 2015). It has affected their normal life, and even increased the safety risk.
Case Law of the ECtHR in the Legal System of the Russian Federation and the Challenges Faced by the Judicial Rulemaking
Authors: Kuchin Mihail Victorovich , Gulyaeva Elena Evgenyevna
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the problem of determining the place and significance of international case law in the legal system of the Russian Federation. On the basis of analysis of international and domestic legal acts and judicial practice existing contradictions are identified and ways to resolve them are offered.

Methodology: The research uses general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied.
Transnational Organized Crime and the UN Convention
Authors: Akkoyun Aişe Gül , Çelik Muhammet Emir
Published: February 2023

The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, as well as regional, national, and international collaboration to prevent and control transnational organized crime, are discussed in this paper. It investigates the transnational organized crime implementation mechanism and jurisdiction in light of international criminal law and the crimes and elements covered by the Convention. The paper recognizes that, as the importance of international criminal law in combating transnational organized crime grows, the ICC's approach to bringing transnational organized crime under its jurisdiction is gained importance. The main conclusion is that implementing the Convention's prevention and protection mechanism for transnational organized crime has been difficult; hence the ICC's jurisdiction would have an impact on the ground.
Asouzu’s Complementarism and Nietzsche’s Perspectivism: Implications for Cross-Cultural Philosophizing
Authors: Ojimba Anthony Chimankpam , Anichebe Obiora
Published: February 2023

This paper examines Asouzu’s complementarism and Nietzsche’s perspectivism with a view to showing how convergence and divergence of thoughts in the Asouzuan and Nietzschean philosophy contexts can inform cross-cultural philosophizing. Asouzu’s complementarism projects multiplicity of perspectives as constitutive of reality and construes it as a composite of missing links, while Nietzsche’s perspectivism also postulates multiplicity of views and interpretations as he believes that reality is deeply rooted in infinite possibilities. Attempts are made, in this paper, to articulate the essential principles of Asouzu’s complementarism and to highlight the dynamics of Nietzsche’s perspectivism in a fruitful encounter of the African tradition of thought which Asouzu belongs to and the European thought tradition which Nietzsche belongs to. These two traditions of thought will be critically x-rayed to show their implications for cross-cultural philosophizing. Simply put, the paper will show how the philosophical studies of the ideas of complementarism and perspectivism in the thoughts of the German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, and the African philosopher, Innocent Asouzu, can enrich the cultural understanding of human societies and ideas for the betterment of universal values and humanism.
ZFP36 ring finger protein like 1 significantly suppresses human coronavirus OC43 replication
Authors: Momin Tooba , Villasenor Andrew , Singh Amit , Darweesh Mahmoud , Singh Aditi , Rajput Mrigendra
Published: February 2023

CCCH-type zinc figure proteins (ZFP) are small cellular proteins that are structurally maintained by zinc ions. Zinc ions coordinate the protein structure in a tetrahedral geometry by binding to cystine-cystine or cysteines-histidine amino acids. ZFP’s unique structure enables it to interact with a wide variety of molecules including RNA; thus, ZFP modulates several cellular processes including the host immune response and virus replication. CCCH-type ZFPs have shown their antiviral efficacy against several DNA and RNA viruses. However, their role in the human coronavirus is little explored. We hypothesized that ZFP36L1 also suppresses the human coronavirus. To test our hypothesis, we used OC43 human coronavirus (HCoV) strain in our study. We overexpressed and knockdown ZFP36L1 in HCT-8 cells using lentivirus transduction. Wild type, ZFP36L1 overexpressed, and ZFP36L1 knockdown cells were each infected with HCoV-OC43, and the virus titer in each cell line was measured over 96 hours post-infection (p.i.). Our results show that HCoV-OC43 replication was significantly reduced with ZFP36L1 overexpression while ZFP36L1 knockdown significantly enhanced virus replication. ZFP36L1 knockdown HCT-8 cells started producing infectious virus at 48 hours p.i. which was an earlier timepoint as compared to wild -type and ZFP36L1 overexpressed cells. Wild-type and ZFP36L1 overexpressed HCT-8 cells started producing infectious virus at 72 hours p.i. Overall, the current study showed that overexpression of ZFP36L1 suppressed human coronavirus (OC43) production.
Factors influencing hypothermia in very low/extremely low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Qinchuan , Zhang Jingjing , Fan Chong , Zhang Aixia , Zhu Zhu , Tian Yingying
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Previous studies have explored factors that influence the occurrence of hypothermia in very low/extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants, but the factors associated with hypothermia in VLBW or ELBW infants remain inadequately evaluated due to limited prospective data and inconsistency in study populations. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the risk factors of hypothermia in VLBW/ELBW infants in order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.

Methods

PubMed and other databases were used to search for case-control or cohort studies on factors influencing the occurrence of hypothermia in VLBW/ELBW infants. The search time was set from database creation to June 30th, 2022. Literature screening, quality evaluation, and data extraction were performed independently by two investigators according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results

A total of 10 papers were finally included in this study and 12 factors were established by meta-analysis: body weight (six papers), failure to keep warm in time (three papers), neonatal resuscitation (seven papers), gestational age (three papers), premature rupture of membranes (three papers), maternal combined complications (four papers), cesarean section (six papers), antenatal steroids (four papers), multiple birth (two papers), small for gestational age (two papers), 1 min Apgar score (three papers), and 5 min Apgar score (three papers). Since only one study included race, age (hour), socio-economic status, and spontaneous labor, these factors could not be fitted into RevMan 5.3 for the analysis.

Conclusion

Although there were differences in the study design of the included literature, the influencing factors described in each study were relatively similar. The influencing factors identified in this study may contribute to the construction of related intervention strategies for hypothermia in VLBW/ELBW infants.
Twin In-vitro Fertilisation Pregnancy Complicated with Appendicular Perforation: A Case Report
Authors: Shinde Akruti , Chaudhari Kamlesh , Shinde Nova
Published: February 2023

Appendicitis is an infection and inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from the colon. It is a frequent and severe disorder that can appear anytime during pregnancy. It needs to be diagnosed and treated immediately. Otherwise, there would be a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of the disorder’s typical clinical image, the ambiguity of its symptoms, and the frequency with which they occur during pregnancy. Due to the gravida uterus’s ability to displace the appendix within the abdomen, pregnancy may conceal the diagnosis and make it challenging to examine the patient physically. Obstacles in diagnosis caused by pregnancy lead to significantly increased risk to both the mother and foetus and raise the possibility of foetal loss following a negative appendicectomy. Usually, the biochemical and analytical tests used to diagnose this disease are unreliable during pregnancy. This is a case of a 38-year-old female primigravida who was 31 weeks pregnant with twins conceived via In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) and was diagnosed with acute appendicitis. She had surgery without complication and had a necrosed appendix, which was confirmed by histopathology. This report covers, in general terms, how to diagnose, treat, and manage a ruptured appendix with surgery and antibiotics with multidisciplinary management of such patients to improve their outcomes.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Child after Covid-19
Authors: Sameh Saad Radwa
Published: February 2023

MIS-C is a disorder that causes inflammation of several organ systems, involving the brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, GIT, skin, and eyes, among pediatric patients with COVID-19. Here, we investigated a male child aged 6 years presented by high grade fever (39-40 C) for five days, not responding to oral antipyretic, with swollen hands and feet started 2 days after fever, Gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea). In addition, he had difficulty of breathing, erythematous rash on the back appeared on the third day. The case was admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and received IV IG once and corticosteroids 60 mg/kg/d for 3 days.  Blood test showed elevated inflammatory markers, increased liver enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy. Finally, he recovered well after IV IG and corticosteroids and discharged well on corticosteroids with gradual withdrawal within 1 month.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China
Authors: Wang Limin , Xu Xin , Zhang Mei , Hu Caihong , Zhang Xiao , Li Chun , Nie Sheng , Huang Zhengjing , Zhao Zhenping , Hou Fan Fan , Zhou Maigeng
Published: February 2023

Importance

To our knowledge, there has been no update on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China since 2012.

Objective

To provide periodic nationwide data on the prevalence of CKD and the associated behavioral and metabolic risk factors in China.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationally representative cross-sectional study included data from 176 874 adults from all 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in mainland China, as reported in the sixth China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance conducted from August 2018 to June 2019. Data analysis was performed in 2021 to 2022.

Exposures

Serum creatinine, urinal creatinine, and urine albumin were measured for all participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI equation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was weighted prevalence of CKD in the overall population and different strata, defined as presence of impaired kidney function (eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73m2) or albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥30 mg/g). Secondary outcomes were awareness of CKD and control of comorbidities. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral and dietary habits, physical activity, and comorbidities with CKD.

Results

A total of 184 876 participants contributed data to this study, and of the 176 874 adults 18 years and older with measurements of eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio in 2018 to 2019, the mean age was 43.8 years and the weighted proportion of women was 44.6%. The estimated prevalence of CKD, impaired kidney function, and albuminuria were 8.2%, 2.2%, and 6.7%, respectively. A higher prevalence of CKD was observed in the subgroups characterized by older age, female gender, non-Han ethnicity, residency of rural or north and central parts of China, receiving less education or lower income, former smoking, no alcohol drinking, lacking physical activity, and presence of risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and self-reported cardiovascular disease. Among the adults with CKD, 73.3%, 25.0%, and 1.8% were at stage 1 to 2, 3, and 4 to 5, respectively, and the awareness of CKD was 10.0%.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found a weighted estimated of 82 million adults with CKD in China in 2018 to 2019. The prevalence appears to have decreased by 30% in the past decade. Better environmental protection, integration of CKD into the national public health surveillance program, and control of common CKD comorbidities appear to be associated with reducing the disease burden of CKD.
Global Proportion of Disordered Eating in Children and Adolescents
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , García-Hermoso Antonio , Smith Lee , Firth Joseph , Trott Mike , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Jiménez-López Estela , Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor , Tárraga-López Pedro J. , Victoria-Montesinos Desirée
Published: February 2023

Importance

The 5-item Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire is the most widely used screening measure for eating disorders. However, no previous systematic review and meta-analysis determined the proportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents.

Objective

To establish the proportion among children and adolescents of disordered eating as assessed with the SCOFF tool.

Data Sources

Four databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) with date limits from January 1999 to November 2022.

Study Selection

Studies were required to meet the following criteria: (1) participants: studies of community samples of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years and (2) outcome: disordered eating assessed by the SCOFF questionnaire. The exclusion criteria included (1) studies conducted with young people who had a diagnosis of physical or mental disorders; (2) studies that were published before 1999 because the SCOFF questionnaire was designed in that year; (3) studies in which data were collected during COVID-19 because they could introduce selection bias; (4) studies based on data from the same surveys/studies to avoid duplication; and (5) systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses and qualitative and case studies.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Proportion of disordered eating among children and adolescents assessed with the SCOFF tool.

Results

Thirty-two studies, including 63 181 participants, from 16 countries were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall proportion of children and adolescents with disordered eating was 22.36% (95% CI, 18.84%-26.09%; P < .001; n = 63 181) (I2 = 98.58%). Girls were significantly more likely to report disordered eating (30.03%; 95% CI, 25.61%-34.65%; n = 27 548) than boys (16.98%; 95% CI, 13.46%-20.81%; n = 26 170) (P < .001). Disordered eating became more elevated with increasing age (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.06; P = .049) and body mass index (B, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.05; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the available evidence from 32 studies comprising large samples from 16 countries showed that 22% of children and adolescents showed disordered eating according to the SCOFF tool. Proportion of disordered eating was further elevated among girls, as well as with increasing age and body mass index. These high figures are concerning from a public health perspective and highlight the need to implement strategies for preventing eating disorders.
Short Message Service Reminder Nudge for Parents and Influenza Vaccination Uptake in Children and Adolescents With Special Risk Medical Conditions
Authors: Tuckerman Jane , Harper Kelly , Sullivan Thomas R. , Cuthbert Alana R. , Fereday Jennifer , Couper Jennifer , Smith Nicholas , Tai Andrew , Kelly Andrew , Couper Richard , Friswell Mark , Flood Louise , Blyth Christopher C. , Danchin Margie , Marshall Helen S.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Children with chronic medical conditions are at increased risk of severe influenza. Uptake of influenza vaccination in children and adolescents with these identified special risk medical conditions (SRMCs) is suboptimal.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of Flutext-4U, a parent short message service (SMS) reminder nudge intervention, in increasing influenza immunization in children and adolescents with SRMCs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, from April 15 to September 30, 2021. Children and adolescents aged 6 months to younger than 18 years with SRMCs and a subspecialist outpatient appointment over a 5-month period during the Australian seasonal influenza vaccination season (April-August 2021) were eligible to participate. Follow-up was until September 30, 2021.

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to control: clinician nudges (hospital vaccine availability, ease of access, and recommendation from hospital subspecialists) or SMS intervention (control conditions plus an additional SMS reminder nudge to parents), with randomization stratified by age group (<5 years, 5-14 years, or >14 to <18 years).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was influenza vaccination, as confirmed by the Australian Immunisation Register.

Results

A total of 600 participants (intervention group: 298 [49.7%]; mean [SD] age, 11.5 [4.6] years; 162 female participants [54.4%]; control group: 302 [50.3%]; mean [SD] age, 11.4 [4.7] years; 155 female participants [51.3%]) were included. Influenza vaccination was 38.6% (113 of 293) in the SMS intervention group compared with 26.2% (79 of 302) in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27-2.55; P = .001). Time to vaccine receipt was significantly lower among SMS participants (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.25-2.22; P < .001). For participants randomly assigned by June 15, a significantly greater proportion receiving the SMS intervention were vaccinated during the optimal delivery period April to June 30 (SMS group: 40.0% [76 of 190] vs 25.4% [50 of 197]; aOR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.28-3.06; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that an additional SMS reminder nudge for parents delivered in the tertiary care hospital setting to children and adolescents with SMRCs resulted in higher influenza vaccine uptake compared with clinician nudges alone.

Trial Registration

ANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12621000463875
Formation of Fine‐Grain Rings on the Surface Region of the Extruded Mg–Gd–Y–Zr–Ag Rod
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Liu Chuming , Jiang Shunong , Gao Yonghao , Wan Yingchun , Chen Zhiyong , Zhang Zongliang
Published: February 2023

The cross‐sectional inhomogeneity of the extruded Mg–7.5Gd–1.5Y–0.4Zr–0.5Ag (wt%) is investigated by experimental and numerical methods. There is an interesting phenomenon in which a fine‐grain ring in the surface region of the extrusion rod is found. The microstructure of the fine‐grain ring consists of fully recrystallized equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 12.7 μm. In contrast, the bimodal microstructure with an average grain size of 18.9 μm is the main characteristic in the center region, and nonrecrystallized grains are elongated along the extrusion direction. The finite element analysis results demonstrate that compared with the center region, the surface region exhibits higher strain and stress during the extrusion process, which improves the degree of recrystallization and refines grains. Finally, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the surface region are better than those of the center region due to the positive role of the surface fine grains.
Achieving Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media on Yttrium Ruthenate Pyrochlore through Cobalt Incorporation
Authors: Han Ning , Feng Shihui , Liang Yi , Wang Jun , Zhang Wei , Guo Xiaolong , Ma Qianru , Liu Qiong , Guo Wei , Zhou Zhenyu , Xie Sijie , Wan Kai , Jiang Yinzhu , Vlad Alexandru , Guo Yuzheng , Gaigneaux Eric M. , Zhang Chi , Fransaer Jan , Zhang Xuan
Published: February 2023

The development of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) especially in acidic media remains the major challenge that still requires significant advances, both in material design and mechanistic exploration. In this study, the incorporation of cobalt in Y2‐xCoxRu2O7−δ results in an ultrahigh OER activity because of the charge redistribution at eg orbitals between Ru and Co atoms. The Y1.75Co0.25Ru2O7−δ electrocatalyst exhibits an extremely small overpotential of 275 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of parent Y2Ru2O7−δ (360 mV) and commercial RuO2 (286 mV) catalysts. The systematic investigation of the composition related to OER activity shows that the Co substitution will also bring other effective changes, such as reducing the bandgap, and creating oxygen vacancies, which result in fast OER charge transfer. Meanwhile, the strengthening of the bond hybridization between the d orbitals of metal (Y and Ru) and the 2p orbitals of O will intrinsically enhance the chemical stability. Finally, theoretical calculations indicate that cobalt substitution reduces the theoretical overpotential both through an adsorbate evolution mechanism and a lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism.
Investigation of Contact Electrification between 2D MXenes and MoS2 through Density Functional Theory and Triboelectric Probes
Authors: Gao Haiqi , Hu Mingao , Ding Junfei , Xia Bailu , Yuan Guanglu , Sun Huasheng , Xu Qinghao , Zhao Shiyu , Jiang Yawei , Wu Hong , Yuan Ming , Li Jiahui , Li Bingxiang , Zhao Jin , Rao Dewei , Xie Yannan
Published: February 2023

Contact electrification (triboelectrification) (CE) is a universal phenomenon in ambient environment and has been recorded for more than 2600 years. Nonetheless, the intrinsic mechanism of CE still remains controversial. Herein, based on first‐principles theory, the underlying mechanism in CE is systematically investigated between metallic MXenes and semiconductive MoS2. The results show that the work functions of contacting materials dominate the direction of electron transfer during CE process. That is, the electron will be transferred from the material with low work function to the one with high work function. The theoretical prediction is verified experimentally through investigating triboelectric probes based on MXenes and MoS2 nanomaterials. Additionally, it is noted that the interfacial potential barrier and the work function difference together modulate the amount of transferred electron. Electron transfer mainly occurs in the repulsive forces region where the interaction distance between the two materials is shorter than the normal bonding length. The quantum calculation results agree well with the Wang transition theory. Furthermore, it is also noticed that, due to the wave‐particle duality of electron, electron transfer will obviously occur at the attractive force region when the two contacting materials exhibit a larger work function difference.
Counterion Control and the Spectral Signatures of Polarons, Coupled Polarons, and Bipolarons in Doped P3HT Films
Authors: Wu Eric C. , Salamat Charlene Z. , Ruiz Omar León , Qu Thomas , Kim Alexis , Tolbert Sarah H. , Schwartz Benjamin J.
Published: February 2023

When an electron is removed from a conjugated polymer, such as poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT), the remaining hole and associated change in the polymer backbone structure from aromatic to quinoidal are referred to as a polaron. Bipolarons are created by removing the unpaired electron from an already‐oxidized polymer segment. In electrochemically‐doped P3HT films, polarons, and bipolarons are readily observed, but in chemically‐doped P3HT films, bipolarons rarely form. This is explained by studying the effects of counterion position on the formation of polarons, strongly coupled polarons, and bipolarons using both spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction experiments and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The counterion positions control whether two polarons spin‐pair to form a bipolaron or whether they strongly couple without spin‐pairing are found. When two counterions lie close to the same polymer segment, bipolarons can form, with an absorption spectrum that is blueshifted from that of a single polaron. Otherwise, polarons at high concentrations do not spin‐pair, but instead J‐couple, leading to a redshifted absorption spectrum. The counterion location needed for bipolaron formation is accompanied by a loss of polymer crystallinity. These results explain the observed formation order of single polarons, coupled single polarons, and singlet bipolarons in electrochemically‐ and chemically‐doped conjugated polymers.
Ultra‐Long Room Temperature Phosphorescence with the Efficiency Over 64% Induced by 1‰ Impurity Doping
Authors: Xiao Hui , Zheng Da‐Sheng , Zhang Li‐Yi , Xu Liang‐Jin , Chen Zhong‐Ning
Published: February 2023

Ultra‐long room temperature phosphorescence (ULRTP) materials show valuable applications in encryption, biological imaging, and many other fields. Amazingly, the concomitant impurities from raw materials that are normally ignored contribute dramatically to the ULRTP. In this study, CzPMB [9‐(4‐bromo‐3‐methylphenyl)‐9H‐carbazole] with phosphorescent quantum efficiency of 64% is prepared from commercial carbazole, but the phosphorescent efficiency is drastically reduced to < 2% once trace impurity (5‐(4‐bromo‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5H‐benzo[b]carbazole) is separated. HPLC studies demonstrated the separated impurity is a byproduct derived from trace benzocarbazole in commercial carbazole. Subsequently, the ULRTP for the CzPMB synthesized from lab‐made carbazole is totally unobserved, strongly confirming the dramatic impact of impurity. A defect trapping mechanism in multicomponent system rather than heavy atom effect is proposed for highly efficient ULRTP after carefully analyzing the crystal packings and molecular energy levels. Inspired by this discovery, a series of effective ULRTP bi‐component systems with the highest phosphorescence efficiency of 64.1% are reproduced by directed host‐guest doping. This strategy paves a viable path for the design of organic materials with highly efficient ULRTP.
Cellulose Gel Mechanoreceptors – Principles, Applications and Prospects
Authors: Shen Xiaoping , Zhao Dawei , Xie Yanjun , Wang Qingwen , Shamshina Julia L. , Rogers Robin D. , Sun Qingfeng
Published: February 2023

In order to effectively harness varieties of mechanical waves or vibrations for the purpose of monitoring and/or powering, developments in responsive materials and conversion technologies are taking place driven by the world's current and future demands. One of the most popular novelties of the last two decades is represented by hydrogel‐ or ionogel‐based flexible iontronics which constitute a wide family of innovative smart (self‐powered) mechanoreceptors relevant for various applications such as personal health care, identity and safety monitoring, intelligent human‐machine operation interfaces, underwater listening and communication, and so on. Cellulosic gels (CGs), as a promising green substitute for fossil fuel‐derived materials, are extensively studied due to the possibility to choose between different cellulose types and to formulate networks chemically or physically, according to the adaptability requirements for each target application. The aim of this review is to showcase the cellulose structural versatility and to provide a summary of the principles during the formulation of CGs used for mechanosensing and mechanical energy scavenging, as well as their practical applications. Such an outlook of current challenges and overall prospects will serve as a stimulus for research on CG‐based mechanoreceptors in the future.
Frontiers in Circularly Polarized Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Wang Xujie , Ma Shuo , Zhao Biao , Deng Jianping
Published: February 2023

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have received increasing attention in recent years. Amongst various CPL materials, circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) materials featuring long life‐time represent a novel research frontier and exhibit promising applications in various fields. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art advances of CPP materials are systematically summarized, as classified into transition metal complexes, organic small molecules, polymers, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Besides, the recent applications of CPP materials in organic light‐emitting diodes and encryption display are also summarized. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives are put forward. It is expected that this review will offer more inspirations for the future rational design of advanced CPP materials, thus further promoting their future practical applications.
Diffusion‐Limited Accepter Alloy Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Cen , Zhang Ming , Zhou Qiuju , Chen Shanshan , Kim Seoyoung , Yao Jia , Zhang Ze , Bai Yang , Chen Qi , Chang Bowen , Fu Hongyuan , Xue Lingwei , Wang Haiqiao , Yang Changduk , Zhang Zhi‐Guo
Published: February 2023

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are designed based on a blend of polymer donor and small molecular acceptor whereby the thermodynamic relaxation of the morphology raises the concerns related to operational stability. Herein, it is demonstrated that the classical Y6‐based binary device can be stabilized by using its derivative of ZCCF3 as the third component, which is designed with the replacing of the thiadiazole group on Y6 with the trifluoromethyl substituted diazepine unit. ZCCF3 delivers not only higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than Y6 but also have hyper‐miscibility with Y6, contributing to a favorable diffusion‐limited Y6:ZCCF3 alloy when blended with polymer donor. Consequently, a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.54% is achieved in the optimal PM6: Y6: ZCCF3 devices, which can retain their 80% initial efficiency of up to 360 h. This study highlights the importance of high Tg of the third component and its derived hyper‐miscible accepter alloys in achieving highly efficient and stable OSCs.
Modulation Doping Leads to Optimized Thermoelectric Properties in n‐Type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 due to Interface Effects
Authors: Zheng Junqing , Wang Siqi , Zhao Zhe , Gao Xiang , Hong Tao , Zhao Li‐Dong
Published: February 2023

Heterogeneous composites consisting of Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 and Bi2O2Se are prepared according to the concept of modulation doping. With prominently increased carrier mobility and almost unchanged effective mass, the electrical transport properties are considerably optimized resulting in a peak power factor ≈1.8 µW cm−1 K−2 at 873 K, although the carrier concentration is slightly deteriorated. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity is lowered to ≈0.62 W m−1 K−1 due to the introduction of the second phase. The modified Self‐consistent Effective Medium Theory is utilized to explain the deeper mechanism of modulation doping. The enhancement of apparent carrier mobility is derived from the highly active phase interfaces as fast carrier transport channels, while the reduced apparent thermal conductivity is ascribed to the existence of thermal resistance at the phase interfaces. Ultimately, an optimized ZT ≈0.23 is obtained at 873 K in Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 + 13% Bi2O2Se. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of modulation doping for optimizing thermoelectric properties once again, and provides the direct microstructure observation and consistent theoretical model calculation to emphasize the role of interface effects in modulation doping, which should be probably applicable to other thermoelectrics.
Visualizing Catalytic Dynamics Processes via Synchrotron Radiation Multitechniques
Authors: Cao Dengfeng , Xu Wenjie , Chen Shuangming , Liu Chongjing , Sheng Beibei , Song Pin , Moses Oyawale Adetunji , Song Li , Wei Shiqiang
Published: February 2023

The importance of catalysts today as workhorses in most modern industrial fields cannot be downplayed. As a result, rational design and engineering of targeted catalysts have emerged as key objectives and are dependent on in‐depth understanding of complex catalytic dynamics. Synchrotron radiation (SR) light sources with rich advanced experimental methods are being recognized as a comprehensive characterization platform, which can draw a full picture on such multiparameter‐involved catalysis under actual working conditions. Herein, the recent progress of catalytic dynamics process studied by the means of various SR techniques is summarized. In particular, SR‐based spectroscopic, scattering, and imaging investigations on true catalysts are first introduced with the potential of in situ and operando characterizations. Apparently, the limitations from single SR technique naturally prompt a simple combination of SR techniques to better understand the whole catalysis process. Moreover, the discrepancies among various online testing facilities and batches of samples, along with random/systematic errors introduced by traditional intermittent/asynchronous measurement make it imperative to develop more prolific systems, complementary of multiple SR techniques for deep probing of dynamic catalytic processes. It is believed that the booming new light sources can further enrich the current multiple SR techniques, and thus may realize the true visualization on future catalytic dynamic processes.