bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative taxonomy of Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Isthmosacanthidae) from flatfishes in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Aquino A. , García-Teh J.G. , Ceccarelli F.S. , Aguirre-Macedo M.L. , Vidal-Martínez V.M.
Published: December 2023

The Isthmosacanthidae acanthocephalan species of the genus Serrasentis are parasites of marine teleosts and an elasmobranch. In this study, Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. is described from the intestines of four flatfish species (Paralichthyidae), namely Ancyclopsetta quadrocellata, Cyclopsetta chittendeni, Syacium gunteri, and S. papillosum from 10 oceanic sites in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Twenty sequences of the ‘barcoding’ region of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene were obtained from 20 adults of Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. Additionally, five sequences of the barcoding region were obtained from five adults of rhadinorhynchid Gorgorhynchus lepidus from C. chittendeni, S. papillosum and one species of Haemulidae, Haemulom aurolineatum, from five oceanic sites from the GoM. Two phylogenetic approaches were followed: Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood. In both phylogenetic reconstructions, the sequences of Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. were recovered as a monophyletic group within the genus Serrasentis and placed as a sister group to G. lepidus. However, due to the lack of molecular data for species of the Isthmosacanthidae and Rhadinorhynchidea, these phylogenetic inferences must be taken with caution. Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. is the first species of Serrasentis described from Paralichthyidae flatfish species from marine waters of the Americas and from the GoM. Based on the barcoding data set analyzed, Serrasentis gibsoni n. sp. appears to have high intraspecific genetic variation; thus, it is necessary to continue exploring the genetic diversity of this species to infer its intraspecific evolutionary patterns.
Las Huelgas: Arabic inscriptions for Christian liturgy
Authors: Francis Razan
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the little-studied thirteenth-century Arabic inscriptions of the monastery of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos, Spain. Despite their creation during an intensifying Christian–Muslim conflict, they were part of a decorative programme that relied on shared religious ideas and iconography. Their incorporation reinforced daily, funerary and commemorative monastic liturgies. While the article explores the Islamic provenance of these inscriptions, it also reveals the overlooked Arabic New Testament as a source. The inscriptions’ provenance, however, was deliberately obscured first and foremost by the nature of their visual display. Examining the relationship of the Latin to the Arabic inscriptions illustrates an unusual symbiosis between the meaning of the inscriptions, the iconography and the monastery's ritual. This symbiosis was formulated through a highly selective editorial process on the part of the Christian patrons, and predicated on their knowledge of the finer points of Islamic doctrine and cultural practices.
Store-specific grocery shopping patterns and their association with objective and perceived retail food environments
Authors: Recchia Daisy , Perignon Marlène , Rollet Pascaline , Bricas Nicolas , Vonthron Simon , Perrin Coline , Sirieix Lucie , Charreire Hélène , Méjean Caroline ,   Surfood-Foodscapes Working Group
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To explore store-specific grocery shopping patterns and assess associations with the objective and perceived retail food environment (RFE).

Design:

This cross-sectional study used principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to identify grocery shopping patterns and logistic regression models to assess their associations with the RFE, while adjusting for household characteristics.

Setting:

The Montpellier Metropolitan Area, France.

Participants:

To be eligible for inclusion, participants had to be 18 years of age or older and reside in the Montpellier Metropolitan Area. Analyses were carried out on 415 households.

Results:

Households of cluster ‘Supermarket’ (49 % of households) primarily shopped at supermarkets and were less likely to live near a convenience store. Households of cluster ‘Diversified’ (18 %) shopped mostly at organic stores, at markets, at specialised stores, and from producers and were more likely to have a market in their activity space. Households of cluster ‘Discount’ (12 %) primarily shopped at discounters and were less likely to perceive a producer in their activity space. Households of cluster ‘Convenience’ (12 %) mostly shopped online or in convenience stores. Finally, households of cluster ‘Specialized’ (9 %) had high expenditures in greengrocers and in other specialised food stores and were more likely to live near a specialised food store.

Conclusions:

This study highlighted the importance of considering both perceived and objective RFE indicators, as well as assessments around the home and in activity space. Understanding how people buy food and interact with their RFE is crucial for policymakers seeking to improve urban food policies.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to explore preferences of patients, family caregivers, and kidney care providers on advance care planning in an end-stage kidney disease setting
Authors: Naik Bharathi , Singhai Pankaj , Damani Anuja , Prabhu Attur Ravindra , Salins Naveen , Naik Prathvi , Nayak Ajith M. , Nagaraju Shankar Prasad
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To develop and validate an English and Kannada version of the questionnaire to assess awareness and knowledge of advance care planning (ACP) among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.

Methods

The questionnaire was developed from the published literature on ACP use in ESKD setting after a literature search. An expert panel consisting of nephrologists, palliative medicine physicians, ESKD patients, and their family caregivers participated in the content validity of the questionnaire using the Delphi process. The study was conducted between August 2021 and July 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in India. A validated questionnaire was administered to eligible 30 ESKD patients, 30 caregivers, and 10 health care professionals. A retest was carried out 1 week after the first administration.

Results

The content validity ratio of patient, caregiver, and health care professions questions ranged from 0.6 to 1 and Cronbach’s α value was 0.737 to 0.925. The intraclass correlation coefficient values for the test–retest of all three sections of this questionnaire varied from 0.879 to 0.972.

Significance of results

The developed questionnaire is a reliable and valid method for assessing the preference and knowledge of ACP in ESKD patients, family caregivers, and kidney care providers both in English and Kannada.
Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents, and the role of colchicine in	carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Chlorogiannis David-Dimitris , Pargaonkar Sumant , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Bakogiannis Nikolaos C. , Bakoyiannis Christos , Kokkinidis Damianos G.
Published: December 2023

Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the last few years, the role of inflammation and inflammatory modulatory medications is investigated for the optimal treatment of coronary artery disease. It can be hypothesized that since inflammation is also involved in carotid artery stenosis development and progression, the same class of medication could be useful. Our objective with this review is to present the available evidence, published studies and promising ongoing trials on the role of anti-inflammatory medications – with a special emphasis on the most commonly used drug of this class: colchicine – in patients with carotid artery stenosis.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Daly Brian P. , Hildenbrand Aimee K. , Litke Shannon G. , Brown Ronald T.
Published: December 2023

State-of-the-art guidance on the effective assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD

New updated edition
Provides guidance on multimodal care and diversity issues
Includes downloadable handouts

This updated new edition of this popular text integrates the latest research and practices to give practitioners concise and readable guidance on the assessment and effective treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This common childhood condition can have serious consequences for academic, emotional, social, and occupational functioning. When properly identified and diagnosed, however, there are many interventions that have established benefits.
This volume is both a compact “how to” reference, for use by professionals in their daily work, and an ideal educational reference for students. It has a similar structure to other books in the Advances in Psychotherapy series, and informs the reader of all aspects involved in the assessment and management of ADHD. Practitioners will particularly appreciate new information on the best approaches to the ideal sequencing of treatments in multimodal care, and the important diversity considerations. Suggestions for further reading, support groups, and educational organizations are also provided.
A companion volume Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults is also available.
Impact of Convection‐Permitting and Model Resolution on the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective System Properties Over East Asia
Authors: Ding Tian , Guo Zhun , Zou Liwei , Zhou Tianjun
Published: December 2023

In this study, two limited‐area convection‐permitting models (ICON‐CPMs) and convection‐parameterized models (ICON‐CParMs) covering the Asia monsoon region from ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic model are conducted to investigate the sensitivities of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) to convection configurations and horizontal resolutions. We find that ICON‐CPMs outperform ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 in number, lifetime, size, shape, orientation, effective speed, and MCS‐mean precipitation. Compared to the satellite observation, MCSs in ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 are oversized (30%–66%) and have longer (21%–29%) lifetimes but occur less (37%–46%) frequently. When turning off the convection scheme, performances are improved to a large extent. The underestimation of MCS‐mean precipitation rates in ICON‐CParMs and ERA5 are improved in ICON‐CPMs. Moisture budgets show that low‐level winds rather than moisture determine the strength of MCS‐mean precipitation rate. The strong low‐level convergence produces strong updrafts in ICON‐CPMs and eventually results in strong MCS precipitation. The overly intense convective precipitation of MCSs in CPMs is an inherent problem since the scale of convection triggered at the gray zone grid spacing is larger than that in the real world. Although the MCS‐mean precipitation rate is closer to the satellite observation in ICON‐CPMs, it is actually a compensation for overly strong convective precipitation and overly weak stratiform precipitation. Upgrading resolution from 8 to 4 km in ICON‐CPMs has benefits in simulating MCS lifetime, size, shape, orientation, and precipitation but not in MCS number.
Modeling “Wrong Side” Failures Caused by Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Electrified Railway Signaling Systems in the UK
Authors: Patterson C. J. , Wild J. A. , Boteler D. H.
Published: December 2023

The majority of studies into space weather impacts on ground‐based systems focus on power supply networks and oil and gas pipelines. The effects on railway signaling infrastructure remain a sparsely covered aspect even though these systems are known to have experienced adverse effects in the past as a result of geomagnetic activity. This study extends recent modeling of geomagnetic effects on DC signaling for AC‐electrified railways in the UK that analyzed “right side” failures in which green signals are turned to red. The extended model reported here allows the study of “wrong side” failures where red signals are turned green: a failure mode that is potentially more dangerous. Railway lines using track circuit signaling, like those modeled in this study, are separated into a number of individual blocks. This study shows that a relay is most susceptible to “wrong side” failure when a train is at the end of a track circuit block. Assuming that each train is positioned at the end of the block it is occupying, the results show that the geoelectric field threshold at which “wrong side” failures can occur is lower than for “right side” failures. This misoperation field level occurs on a timescale of once every 10 or 20 years. We also show that the estimated electric field caused by a 1‐in‐100 years event could cause a significant number of “wrong side” failures at multiple points along the railway lines studied, although this depends on the number of trains on the line at that time.
The association between urban land use and depressive symptoms in young adulthood: a FinnTwin12 cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhiyang , Whipp Alyce M. , Heinonen-Guzejev Marja , Foraster Maria , Júlvez Jordi , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: December 2023

Background

Depressive symptoms lead to a serious public health burden and are considerably affected by the environment. Land use, describing the urban living environment, influences mental health, but complex relationship assessment is rare.

Objective

We aimed to examine the complicated association between urban land use and depressive symptoms among young adults with differential land use environments, by applying multiple models.

Methods

We included 1804 individual twins from the FinnTwin12 cohort, living in urban areas in 2012. There were eight types of land use exposures in three buffer radii. The depressive symptoms were assessed through the General Behavior Inventory (GBI) in young adulthood (mean age: 24.1). First, K-means clustering was performed to distinguish participants with differential land use environments. Then, linear elastic net penalized regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were used to reduce dimensions or prioritize for importance and examine the linear and nonlinear relationships.

Results

Two clusters were identified: one is more typical of city centers and another of suburban areas. A heterogeneous pattern in results was detected from the linear elastic net penalized regression model among the overall sample and the two separated clusters. Agricultural residential land use in a 100 m buffer contributed to GBI most (coefficient: 0.097) in the “suburban” cluster among 11 selected exposures after adjustment with demographic covariates. In the “city center” cluster, none of the land use exposures was associated with GBI, even after further adjustment with social indicators. From the XGBoost models, we observed that ranks of the importance of land use exposures on GBI and their nonlinear relationships are also heterogeneous in the two clusters.

Impact

This study examined the complex relationship between urban land use and depressive symptoms among young adults in Finland. Based on the FinnTwin12 cohort, two distinct clusters of participants were identified with different urban land use environments at first. We then employed two pluralistic models, elastic net penalized regression and XGBoost, and revealed both linear and nonlinear relationships between urban land use and depressive symptoms, which also varied in the two clusters. The findings suggest that analyses, involving land use and the broader environmental profile, should consider aspects such as population heterogeneity and linearity for comprehensive assessment in the future.
Entanglement monogamy in indistinguishable particle systems
Authors: Das Soumya , Paul Goutam , Sengupta Ritabrata
Published: December 2023

Recently, it has been realized that indistinguishability is a resource for quantum information processing. A new method to represent the indistinguishable particles by Franco et al. (Sci Rep 6:20603, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20603) and measure the concurrence is developed by Nosrati et al. (npj Quantum Inf 6:39, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-020-0271-7). The monogamy property says that quantum entanglement cannot be shared freely between more than two particles. For three distinguishable particles, the monogamy of entanglement was first expressed as an inequality using squared concurrence where each particle has a single degree of freedom (for pure or mixed states). Using multiple degrees of freedom, similar inequality was shown to be held between two distinguishable particles. However, for two indistinguishable particles, where each particle cannot be addressed individually, the monogamy inequality was shown to be violated maximally for a specific state. Thus a question naturally arises: what happens to the monogamy of entanglement in the case of three or more indistinguishable particles? We prove that monogamy holds in this scenario and the inequality becomes equality for all pure indistinguishable states. Further, we provide three major operational meanings of our result. Finally, we present an experimental schematic using photons to observe our result.
Computational study of a co-infection model of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C virus models
Authors: Dayan Fazal , Ahmed Nauman , Bariq Abdul , Akgül Ali , Jawaz Muhammad , Rafiq Muhammad , Raza Ali
Published: December 2023

Hepatitis C infection and HIV/AIDS contaminations are normal in certain areas of the world, and because of their geographic overlap, co-infection can’t be precluded as the two illnesses have a similar transmission course. This current work presents a co-infection model of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C virus with fuzzy parameters. The application of fuzzy theory aids in tackling the issues associated with measuring uncertainty in the mathematical depiction of diseases. The fuzzy reproduction number and fuzzy equilibrium points have been determined in this context, focusing on a model applicable to a specific group defined by a triangular membership function. Furthermore, for the model, a fuzzy non-standard finite difference (NSFD) technique has been developed, and its convergence is examined within a fuzzy framework. The suggested model is numerically validated, confirming the dependability of the devised NSFD technique, which successfully retains all of the key properties of a continuous dynamical system.
Clinical characteristics of Long COVID patients presenting to a dedicated academic post-COVID-19 clinic in Central Texas
Authors: Aziz Rija , Siles Nadia , Kelley Mary , Wylie Dennis , Melamed Esther , Brode W. Michael
Published: December 2023

Post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as Long COVID, is a complex and widely recognized illness with estimates ranging from 5 to 30% of all COVID-19 cases. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a dedicated Post-COVID-19 clinic between June 2021 and May 2022. The median patient age was 44.5 years, 63.5% patients were female, and patients presented at a median of 10.4 months from acute COVD-19 infection. 78% self-identified their race as white, and 21% identified as Latino ethnicity. During the acute COVID-19 infection, 50% of patients experienced moderate disease severity and 10.5% were hospitalized. The top three co-morbid conditions prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection included mental health conditions, hypertension and asthma. Patients reported a median of 18 new symptoms following COVID-19 illness, the most common were fatigue (89%), forgetfulness or “brain fog” (89%), and difficulty concentrating (77%). MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) assessment demonstrated that 46% had mild cognitive dysfunction. PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) testing revealed 42% had moderate to severe depression, and 38% had moderate to severe anxiety on the GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) assessment. Symptom burden was similar across gender, age, and initial disease severity. PASC patients presenting to an academic Post-COVID-19 clinic experienced numerous multisystem symptoms and functional impairment, independent of the initial COVID-19 disease severity.
Genetic and clinical characteristics of PROM1-related retinal degeneration in Korean
Authors: Hwang Sungsoon , Kang Se Woong , Jang Ja-Hyun , Kim Sang Jin
Published: December 2023

This scientific report aims to comprehensively describe the genetic and clinical characteristics of PROM1-related retinal degeneration in Korean patients. Medical records of patients diagnosed with retinal dystrophy who underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination and genetic testing at Samsung Medical Center between January 2016 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Genetic testing included targeted gene panel sequencing and Sanger sequencing, with diagnosis based on the presence of a “Likely Pathogenic” or “Pathogenic Variant” in the PROM1 gene, as determined by the ACMG criteria. The study identified seven patients from five unrelated families with PROM1-related retinal degeneration, all carrying the autosomal dominant variant PROM1 p.R373C; no other PROM1 gene variants were detected. All patients exhibited degenerative retinal area within the macula, with peripheral retinal degeneration observed in five patients. Substantial interfamilial and intrafamilial variability was observed in the extent of macular and peripheral degeneration. Ultra-widefield autofluorescence imaging and fluorescein angiography aided in the detection of mild peripheral degeneration in one case. In conclusion, the autosomal dominant variant PROM1 p.R373C constitutes a significant proportion of PROM1-related retinal degeneration cases in the Korean population. The observed clinical heterogeneity may suggests the potential influence of additional genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors on disease phenotypes.
Sustainable road network design considering hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
Authors: Liu Hongxi
Published: December 2023

Environmental pollution and energy shortages have brought about an increased focus on new energy vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) have experienced rapid development due to the potential to alleviate energy pressures and reduce pollution emissions. Near zero-carbon emissions offer a promising avenue for promoting sustainable transportation development. To evaluate the impact of HFCVs on the transportation environment, this paper investigates the problem of sustainable transportation network design including HFCVs. Specifically, the problem is formulated as a bi-level multi-objective programming problem, with the upper level aimed at determining the optimal network design scheme considering multiple objectives, while the lower level addresses the mixed traffic flow that comprises both HFCVs and fuel vehicles. To solve the multi-objective sustainable network design problem, an integrated solution framework that combines the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with the Frank-Wolfe algorithm (FW) is developed. Specifically, the PSO algorithm is utilized to solve the upper-level model and identify the optimal network design schemes, while FW algorithm is adopted to handle mixed traffic flow assignments. Finally, the proposed model and algorithm are implemented in two numerical experiment to demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency.
Latent inter-organ mechanism of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis unveiled by a generative computational approach
Authors: Kozawa Satoshi , Tejima Kengo , Takagi Shunki , Kuroda Masataka , Nogami-Itoh Mari , Kitamura Hideya , Niwa Takashi , Ogura Takashi , Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Sato Thomas N.
Published: December 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by complex lung pathogenesis affecting approximately three million people worldwide. While the molecular and cellular details of the IPF mechanism is emerging, our current understanding is centered around the lung itself. On the other hand, many human diseases are the products of complex multi-organ interactions. Hence, we postulate that a dysfunctional crosstalk of the lung with other organs plays a causative role in the onset, progression and/or complications of IPF. In this study, we employed a generative computational approach to identify such inter-organ mechanism of IPF. This approach found unexpected molecular relatedness of IPF to neoplasm, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, as a potential mechanism underlying this relatedness, we uncovered a putative molecular crosstalk system across the lung and the liver. In this inter-organ system, a secreted protein, kininogen 1, from hepatocytes in the liver interacts with its receptor, bradykinin receptor B1 in the lung. This ligand–receptor interaction across the liver and the lung leads to the activation of calmodulin pathways in the lung, leading to the activation of interleukin 6 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 pathway across these organs. Importantly, we retrospectively identified several pre-clinical and clinical evidence supporting this inter-organ mechanism of IPF. In conclusion, such feedforward and feedback loop system across the lung and the liver provides a unique opportunity for the development of the treatment and/or diagnosis of IPF. Furthermore, the result illustrates a generative computational framework for machine-mediated synthesis of mechanisms that facilitates and complements the traditional experimental approaches in biomedical sciences.
CHEK2 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Qihang , Fang Cheng , Wang Xue , Huang Shuaishuai , Weng Guobin
Published: December 2023

Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) plays a crucial role in responding to DNA damage and is linked to diverse cancer types. However, its significance in the prediction of prognosis and impacts on the immune status of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the role of CHEK2 in prognosis and immune microenvironment of ccRCC. We analyzed transcriptome and clinicopathological data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and conducted functional enrichment analysis to explore molecular mechanisms. The relationship between CHEK2 and immune infiltration was evaluated, and drug sensitivity analysis was performed using the CellMiner database. The results showed that CHEK2 was an independent predictor of ccRCC prognosis and was closely associated with immune-related processes. Additionally, high expression of CHEK2 was linked to resistance to certain targeted drugs. These findings suggest that CHEK2 could serve as a biomarker for ccRCC, providing insights into tumor immune microenvironment alterations and immunotherapeutic response. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the potential of CHEK2 as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Sulfilimine bond formation in collagen IV
Authors: Roy Anupom , Gauld James W.
Published: December 2023

The collagen IV network plays a crucial role in providing structural support and mechanical integrity to the basement membrane and surrounding tissues.
Effects of strain and thickness on the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of Cu2Te
Authors: Zhou Hangjing , Gao Lei , He Shihao , Zhang Yong , Geng Jianqun , Lu Jianchen , Cai Jinming
Published: December 2023

This study explores the photoelectronic properties of Cu2Te through strain and thickness, providing valuable guidance for subsequent experimental research endeavors.
Coupling between two Ru(bda) catalysts bridged by a trans-dicyano complex
Authors: Abate Pedro O. , Juárez Virginia M. , Baraldo Luis M.
Published: December 2023

Oxidation of the central Ru ion in a tri-ruthenium complex bearing two Ru(bda) fragments results in a significant increase of its activity as a catalyst in the water oxidation reaction.
Synthesis of new acyclic chelators H4aPyta and H6aPyha and their complexes with Cu2+, Ga3+, Y3+, and Bi3+
Authors: Zubenko Anastasia D. , Shchukina Anna A. , Chernikova Ekaterina Y. , Egorova Bayirta V. , Ikonnikova Irina S. , Priselkova Anna B. , Larenkov Anton A. , Bubenshchikov Viktor B. , Mitrofanov Artem A. , Fedorov Yury V. , Fedorova Olga A.
Published: December 2023

In this article, we present the synthesis and characterization of new acyclic pyridine-containing polyaminocarboxylate ligands H4aPyta and H6aPyha, which differ in structural rigidity and the number of chelating groups.
Synthesizing new Bi-structure energetic coordination compounds using ternary components
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Tingwei , Xu Meiqi , Kuang Baolong , Xie Zhiming , Lu Zujia , Yi Zhenxin , Li Yan , Zhang Jianguo
Published: December 2023

[Ag(1-APZ-5-HCA)(ClO4)2]n (ECPs-1) has a dual structure of ionic salt and coordination compounds. It also has the advantages of high ClO4− content and oxygen balance, acceptable mechanical stimulation and excellent explosion performance.
The enhancement of nonlinear optical properties of azulene-based nanographene by N atoms: a finishing touch
Authors: Zhang Ya Qing , Yang Cui-Cui , Ma Jia-Ying , Tian Wei Quan
Published: December 2023

Functionalization of graphene-based nanomaterials by proper N-doping provides a new strategy for electronic structure modulation to enhance the second- or third-order nonlinear optical properties of materials.
Supramolecular gels – a panorama of low-molecular-weight gelators from ancient origins to next-generation technologies
Authors: Smith David K.
Published: December 2023

Supramolecular gels, self-assembled from low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs), have a long history and a bright future.
Establishing a multifunctional solid electrolyte interphase on a 3D host by an ultra-fast double coating strategy for stable lithium metal batteries
Authors: Maeng Ji Young , Bae Minjun , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Dohyeong , Chang Yujin , Park Seungman , Choi Juhyung , Lee Eunji , Lee Jeongyeon , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: December 2023

Establishing a multifunctional solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) can promisingly stabilize the operation of lithium metal batteries (LMBs).
153Sm-labeled Fe3O4@lapatinib nanoparticles as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer: synthesis, quality control, and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Pham Thanh Minh , Cao Dong Vu , Dang Ho Hong Quang , Mai Phuoc Minh Thanh , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Dinh Ngoc Bao Nam , Nguyen Thi Khanh Giang , Le Thi Mai Huong , Doan Van Dat , Nguyen Duc Thuan , Le Van Thuan
Published: December 2023

Exploring the potential of Fe3O4@lapatinib-153Sm nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment.
Third-order optical nonlinearities of Nb4C3 MXene and its application as an ultra-broadband mode-locker
Authors: Lee Kyungtaek , Kwon Suh-young , Choi Jaehak , Kim Jeehwan , Woo Taeho , Ryu Janghyun , Jung Junha , Lee Ju Han
Published: December 2023

The broadband nonlinear optical properties of Nb4C3 MXene were investigated using Z-scan techniques. Using Nb4C3 MXene, a single saturable absorber operating at both 1560 and 1930 nm was successfully fabricated for fiber laser mode-locking.
Additive-assisted strategy for high-efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Xie Linwei , He Dan , Zhao Fuwen
Published: December 2023

Herein, we summarize the recent advances of the additive-assisted strategy with solvent/solid additives and binary additives and their working mechanism in OSCs.
I used to hate parasites but then they grew on me
Authors: Howeld Georgia
Published: December 2023

The Biochemical Society identifies and celebrates outstanding science communication talent in the molecular biosciences with its annual Science Communication Prize. Georgia Howeld, from Swansea University, won the third prize in the written category for students in higher education. Georgia’s piece is titled ‘I used to hate parasites but then they grew on me’.
The flip-flop sleep switch: models of insomnia
Authors: Kubičková Karolína
Published: December 2023

The Biochemical Society identifies and celebrates outstanding science communication talent in the molecular biosciences with its annual Science Communication Prize. Karolína Kubičková, from the University of Edinburgh, won the second prize in the written category for students in higher education. Karolína’s piece is titled ‘The flip-flop sleep switch: models of insomnia’.
Modeling the spectral energy distribution of starburst galaxies
Authors: Theulé P. , Burgarella D. , Buat V. , Boquien M. , Trabelsi L. , Kalpogiannis O.
Published: December 2023

Context. Analyzing multiwavelength observations of galaxies from the far-ultraviolet to the millimeter domains provides a wealth of information on the physical properties of galaxies and their evolution across cosmic time. Existing or upcoming ground-based or space-borne facilities with enhanced sensitivities and resolutions open an unprecedented window on the galaxy evolution in the early Universe. However, the derivation of galaxy properties from nebular emission lines is not trivial because the interstellar medium in a galaxy may be patchy, and emission might originate both from starburst emission regions and from partially covered photon-dominated regions.

Aims. We model both the nebular continuum emission and the line emission of the spectral energy distribution for galaxies exhibiting both a HII region-like emission and emission like that from a photon-dominated regions to account for the partial shielding of the starburst emission region by dense clouds.

Methods. Nebular galactic emission was modeled from far-ultraviolet to millimeter ranges in a two-sector model with an HII region and a photon-dominated region. The partial overlap of the HII region by the photon-dominated region was accounted for by a covering factor. We generated grids of emission spectra using the Cloudy photoionization code for our two-sector model.

Results. We compared our models with spectral lines from different samples of galaxies for which we mixed characteristic emission from starburst regions and denser regions. We show that the infrared line ratios can constrain the density, metallicity, photoionization parameter, and the covering factor. We also built infrared diagnostic diagrams based on different infrared line ratios in which the galaxy location contains information about its physical conditions.

Conclusions. The two-sector model that couples starburst emission regions and photon-dominated regions can span the existing observations. We implement the resulting emission line libraries in the CIGALE galaxy spectral energy distribution code to help interpret spectrophotometric observations.
Kinematic signatures of planet–disk interactions in vertical shear instability-turbulent protoplanetary disks
Authors: Barraza-Alfaro Marcelo , Flock Mario , Henning Thomas
Published: December 2023

Context. Planets are thought to form inside weakly ionized regions of protoplanetary disks, where turbulence creates ideal conditions for solid growth. However, the nature of this turbulence is still uncertain. In fast cooling parts of this zone the vertical shear instability (VSI) can operate, inducing a low level of gas turbulence and large-scale gas motions. Resolving the kinematic signatures of active VSI could reveal the origin of turbulence in planet-forming disk regions. However, an exploration of kinematic signatures of the interplay between VSI and forming planets is needed for a correct interpretation of radio interferometric observations. A robust detection of VSI would lead the way to a deeper understanding of the impact of gas turbulence on planet formation.

Aims. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of VSI on the disk substructures triggered by an embedded fairly massive planet. We focus on the impact of this interplay on CO kinematic observations with the ALMA interferometer.

Methods. We conducted global 3D hydrodynamical simulations of VSI-unstable disks with and without embedded massive planets, exploring Saturn- and Jupiter-mass cases. We studied the effect of planets on the VSI gas dynamics, and made a comparison with viscous disks. Post-processing the simulations with a radiative transfer code, we examined the kinematic signatures expected in CO molecular line emission, varying disk inclination. Further, we simulated deep ALMA high-resolution observations of our synthetic images, to test the observability of VSI and planetary signatures.

Results. The embedded planet produces a damping of the VSI along a radial region, most effective at the disk midplane. For the Saturn case, the VSI modes are distorted by the planet’s spirals producing mixed kinematic signatures. For the Jupiter case, the planet’s influence dominates the overall disk gas kinematics.

Conclusions. The presence of massive planets embedded in the disk can weaken the VSI large-scale gas flows, limiting its observability in CO kinematic observations with ALMA.
2D disc modelling of the JWST line spectrum of EX Lupi
Authors: Woitke P. , Thi W.-F. , Arabhavi A. M. , Kamp I. , Kóspál Á. , Ábrahám P.
Published: December 2023

We introduce a number of improvements to the thermo-chemical disc modelling code PRODIMO and new theoretical approaches that can be used to better predict and analyse the JWST line spectra of protoplanetary discs. We developed a new line escape probability method for disc geometries, and a new scheme for dust settling, and discuss how to apply UV molecular shielding factors to photo rates in 2D disc geometry. We show that these assumptions are crucial for the determination of gas heating and cooling rates and discuss how they affect the predicted molecular concentrations and line emissions. We apply our revised 2D models to the protoplanetary disc around the T Tauri star EX Lupi in quiescent state. We calculate infrared line emission spectra between 5 and 20 µm from CO, H2O, OH, CO2, HCN, C2H2, and H2, including lines of atoms and ions, using our full 2D predictions of molecular abundances, dust opacities, and gas and dust temperatures. We developed a disc model with a slowly increasing surface density structure around the inner rim that can simultaneously fit the spectral energy distribution, the overall shape of the JWST spectrum of EX Lupi, and the main observed molecular characteristics in terms of column densities, emitting areas, and molecular emission temperatures, which all result from one consistent disc model. The spatial structure of the line-emitting regions of the different molecules is discussed. High abundances of HCN and C2H2 are caused in the model by stellar X-ray irradiation of the gas around the inner rim.
The polarisation properties of the HD 181327 debris ring
Authors: Milli J. , Choquet E. , Tazaki R. , Ménard F. , Augereau J.-C. , Olofsson J. , Thébault P. , Poch O. , Levasseur-Regourd A.-C. , Lasue J. , Renard J. B. , Hadamcik E. , Baruteau C. , Schmid H. M. , Engler N. , van Holstein R. G. , Zubko E. , Lagrange A. M. , Marino S. , Pinte C. , Dominik C. , Boccaletti A. , Langlois M. , Zurlo A. , Desgrange C. , Gluck L. , Mouillet D. , Costille A. , Sauvage J. F.
Published: December 2023

Context. Polarisation is a powerful remote-sensing tool to study the nature of particles scattering the starlight. It is widely used to characterise interplanetary dust particles in the Solar System and increasingly employed to investigate extrasolar dust in debris discs’ systems.

Aims. We aim to measure the scattering properties of the dust from the debris ring around HD 181327 at near-infrared wavelengths.

Methods. We obtained high-contrast polarimetric images of HD 181327 in the H band with the SPHERE/IRDIS instrument on the Very Large Telescope (ESO). We complemented them with archival data from HST/NICMOS in the F 110W filter reprocessed in the context of the Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments (ALICE) project. We developed a combined forward-modelling framework to simultaneously retrieve the scattering phase function in polarisation and intensity.

Results. We detected the debris disc around HD 181327 in polarised light and total intensity. We measured the scattering phase function and the degree of linear polarisation of the dust at 1.6 µm in the birth ring. The maximum polarisation is 23.6% ± 2.6% and occurs between a scattering angle of 70° and 82°.

Conclusions. We show that compact spherical particles made of a highly refractive and relatively absorbing material in a differential power-law size distribution of exponent −3.5 can simultaneously reproduce the polarimetric and total intensity scattering properties of the dust. This type of material cannot be obtained with a mixture of silicates, amorphous carbon, water ice, and porosity, and requires a more refracting component such as iron-bearing minerals. We reveal a striking analogy between the near-infrared polarisation of comets and that of HD 181327. The methodology developed here combining VLT/SPHERE and HST/NICMOS may be applicable in the future to combine the polarimetric capabilities of SPHERE with the sensitivity of JWST.
PSR J0210+5845: Ultra-wide binary pulsar with a B6 V main sequence star companion
Authors: van der Wateren E. , Bassa C. G. , Janssen G. H. , Yanes-Rizo I. V. , Casares J. , Nelemans G. , Stappers B. W. , Tan C. M.
Published: December 2023

We report on radio timing observations of PSR J0210+5845 that reveal large deviations from typical pulsar spin-down behaviour. We interpret these deviations as being due to the binary motion around the V = 13.5 star 2MASS J02105640+5845176, which is coincident in terms of its celestial position and distance with the pulsar. Archival observations and new optical spectroscopy have identified this object as a B6 V star, with a temperature of Teff ≈ 14 000 K and a mass of Mc = 3.5 to 3.8 M⊙, making it the lowest mass for a main sequence star known to be orbiting a non-recycled pulsar. We find that the timing observations constrain the binary orbit to be wide and moderately eccentric, with an orbital period of Pb = 47−14+40 yr and eccentricity of e = 0.46−0.07+0.10. We predict that the next periastron passage will occur between 2030 and 2034. Due to the low companion mass, we find that the probability for a system with the properties of PSR J0210+5845 and its binary companion to survive the supernova is low. We show that a low velocity and fortuitously directed natal kick is required for the binary to remain bound during the supernova explosion and we argue that an electron-capture supernova is a plausible formation scenario for the pulsar.
Design And Development of Teakwood Bud Pruning Machine Using Sustainable Engineering Approach
Authors: Shankar S. , Maheswari C. , Abbas G. , Nithyaprakash R. , Jeganhes V.S. , Harish Adhithya S. , Kabilan R. , Gupta Manish
Published: December 2023

The primary goal of this paper is to develop a robot capable of efficiently climbing teak wood trees and performing bud pruning tasks, thereby addressing the challenges posed by labor scarcity in farming. Teak wood cultivation has been significantly affected by the lack of skilled labor, necessitating a minimum of five tree climbs per year for successful cultivation. The proposed robot design features an ‘X’ frame structure with conical-shaped rollers positioned at the bottom, connected to two DC motors. These motors can be controlled remotely to enable vertical movement along the tree. To ensure secure attachment, springs are utilized to fasten the robot model to the tree. At the top of the robot, an appropriately arranged motor-driven chainsaw is installed to execute high-speed bud pruning. Overall, this robot will be helpful to automate the pruning process through sustainable development.The bud pruning robot described consists of an ‘X’ frame design with two conical-shaped rollers at the bottom.These rollers are connected to two DC motors, which are controlled by a remote, allowing the robot to move up and down the tree.To ensure stability and secure attachment to the tree, springs are utilized to firmly fasten the robot in place. The top of the frame is equipped with a high-speed DC motor to which a chainsaw is attached for the purpose of pruning buds.
Health Communication Interventions for Promoting Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management in India: A review
Authors: Chacko Amala T. , Jose Jolly
Published: December 2023

Health communication interventions for promoting menstrual health in India is an unexplored area. It is commonly known that using strategic communication to plan and carry out projects that affect health behavior and societal change is an effective strategy. There are numerous interventions carried out in India, focussed on health related to menstruation and its hygiene management at different levels starting from the grassroots. This review aims to assess a wide range of published research that has utilized various approaches to investigate the effectiveness and variables of communication interventions influencing practices of menstruation and its hygiene management of women and teenage girls in India. The studies from India examining the different communication interventions were identified through online databases such as PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Sage Journals, Science Direct, Springer, Taylor, Francis, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. Findings highlighted different communication interventions like SBCC, BCC, IEC, and interpersonal communication were efficiently utilized to promote menstrual health information among adolescents and women of reproductive age.
Key Enabler on Efficient Resource Utilization: Technical and Managerial Investigations for Sustainable Materials and Energy Management
Authors: Yadav Rajat , Bhong Mahesh , Aswal Upendra Singh , Kumar Mukesh , Reddy C. Vijayendar , Rajalakshmi B. , Albazoni Hamza Jasim
Published: December 2023

In a time characterised by increasing environmental apprehensions and the necessity for sustainable progress, the effective utilisation of resources has become a crucial mandate for enterprises, governments, and communities alike. This summary presents a comprehensive examination of the several techniques and practises that are crucial in attaining sustainable materials and energy management. Efficient resource utilisation comprises a wide range of ideas and practises, which include but are not limited to material efficiency, energy conservation, waste reduction, and measures related to the circular economy. This study examines the fundamental elements of these methods, emphasising the significance of resource optimisation and its contribution to the reduction of environmental consequences linked to resource extraction and use. The achievement of efficient resource management is contingent upon the implementation of robust policy frameworks, the exercise of corporate responsibility, and the cultivation of consumer awareness. The significance of lifecycle assessments (LCAs) and the incorporation of eco-design concepts into the process of product creation is underscored in order to mitigate resource consumption and environmental consequences from the very beginning. The adoption of circular economy models, characterised by the conservation, reuse, and recycling of resources within a closed-loop system, holds significant potential for enhancing resource efficiency. In this paper, we elucidate the advantages associated with the adoption of circular economy practises and provide illustrative examples of organisations that have effectively implemented these concepts. In the context of a world with limited resources, organisations that prioritise efficient resource utilisation not only adhere to ethical principles but also gain a strategic edge, enhancing their prospects for long-term viability. These abstract lays the groundwork for further investigation into the diverse tactics and technologies that have the potential to drive us towards a future that is more sustainable and efficient in terms of resource utilisation.