bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential applicability of cytokines as biomarkers of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay-based evaluation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17A
Authors: Dissanayake Keerthie , Jayasinghe Chandrika , Wanigasekara Priyani , Sominanda Ajith
Published: January 2021

Biomarkers play a pivotal role in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by facilitating early diagnosis and ‘treat to the target.’ However, no gold standard biomarker has been identified for monitoring the disease activity in RA. Cytokines, a diverse group of small protein molecules secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), play a pivotal role in pathogenesis and disease progression in RA. Research is currently underway to find out the applicability of cytokines as biomarkers in RA. This study aimed to quantify the PBMCs that secrete four types of cytokines; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17A in two cohorts of active RA patients (early RA patients and established RA patients), compared to healthy controls (HC), using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay, and to assess their association with measures of disease activity of RA. Patients were recruited from outpatient rheumatology clinics, and the disease activity was assessed using single and composite measures of disease activity. The cytokine expression was evaluated using freshly separated PBMCs from whole blood of RA patients using the ELISPOT assay. The number of PBMCs (counted as spot-forming cells (SFCs) per 105 PBMCs) that secreted the cytokine of interest were statistically significantly higher in early RA patients, compared to HC, for IL-17A (P<0.05). Such an increased number of SFCs was not observed in the established RA group, compared to controls, for any of the cytokines tested. The correlation analysis showed that IL-17A is having a moderate correlation (Spearman`s ρ, p <0.05) with five clinical measures of disease activity, including disease activity score 28 (DAS28). According to the multivariable linear regression models, IL17A was a good predictor of both the disease activity score 28 (DAS28) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI). In conclusion, IL-17A has potential applicability as a biomarker of disease activity of RA.
Rapid adaptation to human protein kinase R by a unique genomic rearrangement in rhesus cytomegalovirus
Authors: Child Stephanie J. , Greninger Alexander L. , Geballe Adam P.
Published: January 2021

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are generally unable to cross species barriers, in part because prolonged coevolution with one host species limits their ability to evade restriction factors in other species. However, the limitation in host range is incomplete. For example, rhesus CMV (RhCMV) can replicate in human cells, albeit much less efficiently than in rhesus cells. Previously we reported that the protein kinase R (PKR) antagonist encoded by RhCMV, rTRS1, has limited activity against human PKR but is nonetheless necessary and sufficient to enable RhCMV replication in human fibroblasts (HF). We now show that knockout of PKR in human cells or treatment with the eIF2B agonist ISRIB, which overcomes the translational inhibition resulting from PKR activation, augments RhCMV replication in HF, indicating that human PKR contributes to the inefficiency of RhCMV replication in HF. Serial passage of RhCMV in HF reproducibly selected for viruses with improved ability to replicate in human cells. The evolved viruses contain an inverted duplication of the terminal 6.8 kb of the genome, including rTRS1. The duplication replaces ~11.8 kb just downstream of an internal sequence element, pac1-like, which is very similar to the pac1 cleavage and packaging signal found near the terminus of the genome. Plaque-purified evolved viruses produced at least twice as much rTRS1 as the parental RhCMV and blocked the PKR pathway more effectively in HF. Southern blots revealed that unlike the parental RhCMV, viruses with the inverted duplication isomerize in a manner similar to HCMV and other herpesviruses that have internal repeat sequences. The apparent ease with which this duplication event occurs raises the possibility that the pac1-like site, which is conserved in Old World monkey CMV genomes, may serve a function in facilitating rapid adaptation to evolutionary obstacles.
Relaciones entre familia y bullying: una revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Gallego-Jiménez María Gloria , Rodríguez Otero Luís Manuel , Solís García Patricia
Published: January 2021

El bullying es un fenómeno de enorme trascendencia en la actualidad y que debe estudiarse desde una perspectiva global más allá de las características de víctima y acosador. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática del corpus científico que explora la relación entre los sistemas familiares y el surgimiento y mantenimiento del bullying, así como el impacto de este fenómeno en las familias. Se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos ERIC, Scopus, Dialnet e ISI Web of Knowledge rescatando una vez aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión un total de 72 artículos. A tenor de los resultados, se apreciaron tres áreas temáticas principales: los estudios relativos a factores vinculados a la familia, favorecedores de bullying; las consecuencias que tiene dicho acoso en las familias y, por último, las diferentes medidas dirigidas a prevenir o erradicar este tipo de violencia.
Mujeres que tienen sexo con mujeres (MSM): miradas cercanas y lejanas del contexto mexicano de Nuevo León
Authors: Rodríguez Otero Luis Manuel , Facal Fondo Teresa
Published: January 2021

El interés desarrollado en los últimos años por las conductas sexuales de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) no ha tenido correlato en un análisis similar protagonizado por mujeres (MSM). Esta investigación aborda la temática con el objetivo de describir el comportamiento de las mujeres mexicanas que tienen sexo con otras mujeres, desde una perspectiva que prioriza la salud sexual. El punto de partida es el paradigma crítico y la metodología cualitativa, conjugando entrevistas abiertas y el uso del método sociométrico en el análisis de la esfera virtual. Se presentan los perfiles y la caracterización de conductas y subrayan la necesidad de actuar desde la promoción de la salud y la equidad.
La supervisión como dispositivo para el soporte y análisis de la intervención social de los Servicios Sociales Básicos de Cataluña
Authors: Puig-Cruells Carmina , Torrens-Bonet Ramona
Published: January 2021

Presentamos el análisis de las estructuras de supervisión en los equipos básicos de atención social de los Servicios Sociales Básicos (SSB) y las líneas estratégicas para hacer efectiva la supervisión, reduciendo las diferencias institucionales y la disponibilidad de financiación. La metodología utilizada está basada en la realización de encuestas y grupos de discusión con los coordinadores de los SSB de Cataluña. Los resultados obtenidos son los tipos de supervisión y la decisión de los equipos en su organización, en los contenidos y en las metodologías utilizadas. Las conclusiones son los principios básicos de reconocimiento, aceptación, confianza, confidencialidad, así como los enfoques interdisciplinario, interprofesional, interinstitucional e intersectorial. La supervisión se concreta como un dispositivo de soporte intrínseco a la intervención social por su aportación reflexiva, la construcción de conocimiento y la capacidad de análisis de las prácticas y los encargos que reciben los profesionales de los equipos SSB.
El poblamiento en el interior de la Gallaecia entre el final del Imperio Romano y la Alta Edad Media: nuevos datos, nuevas propuestas
Authors: Tejerizo-García Carlos
Published: January 2021

Tradicionalmente, el noroeste peninsular en época altomedieval se había presentado en términos de excepcionalidad, como un territorio con características particulares y diferenciadas del resto de la Península Ibérica. Esta presunción generó algunos problemas en el análisis de la transformación del sistema de poblamiento entre el fin del Imperio Romano y la Alta Edad Media. La incorporación de nuevos registros, sobre todo aquellos provenientes de la arqueología comercial y de algunos proyectos de investigación específicos, están permitiendo no solo reconocer algunos importantes fenómenos, en términos de poblamiento, similares a otros territorios peninsulares, como la emergencia de la aldea altomedieval, sino también reconsiderar otros, como el papel de los asentamientos fortificados en altura. En este trabajo se presentan algunas reflexiones e hipótesis sobre la transformación del poblamiento en el interior de Gallaecia en este período a partir de los nuevos datos arqueológicos disponibles.
Los pacientes del Hospital de San Juan de Dios en el Reino Latino de Jerusalén
Authors: Greif Esteban Augusto
Published: January 2021

La empresa de construcción y puesta en marcha del hospital de San Juan de Jerusalén expresaba la enorme capacidad de concentración de recursos, así como el protagonismo en la atención médica que poseían los hermanos hospitalarios dentro del Reino Latino de Jerusalén. Sin embargo, y pese a su importancia, se ha discutido el grado de desarrollo médico que la institución efectivamente alcanzó y si los servicios que ofrecía tendían al simple cuidado y hospedaje de personas convalecientes o a la curación de pacientes enfermos. En este trabajo proponemos una relectura de un conjunto diverso de documentos que describen la tarea desplegada por la orden para, de esta manera, lograr una mejor comprensión del carácter específico de esta institución.
The Eternal Peasant and the Timeless Village. Archaeology and Ideologies of the Past
Authors: Schreg Rainer
Published: January 2021

The perspectives on the medieval village and on the historical role of peasants have changed throughout the history of research. Traditional views on history saw rural life as unchangeable and therefore presumed that villages were rooted in the migration period. Modern research recognised the formation of the medieval village as a complex long-term process that, depending on the region, culminated in the 11th – 13th century. This paper takes a closer look at the situation in southwestern Germany, analysing research history on the one hand and selected episodes of medieval rural history on the other. The paper suggests that due to traditional views on the structure of history, peasants’ agency has been undervalued.
Peasant Initiative and Monastic Estate Management in 10th Century Lotharingia
Authors: Schroeder Nicolas
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the degree of economic and political autonomy of peasants in monastic estates in 10th century Lotharingia. While it is beyond doubt that local societies were deeply enmeshed in networks of aristocratic control, it is also possible to identify areas of autonomy. Monastic lordship was not all encompassing as it was structurally limited in its capacity to control every aspect of peasants’ lives and to prevent all forms of disobedience. Despite the violent and sometimes arbitrary nature of aristocratic power, negotiations between peasants and lords played an important role, especially as peasant households developed a form of subsistence economy that involved production for commercial exchange. In this context, some monasteries were willing to grant more productive means and autonomy to peasants. These initiatives were sometimes supported by a paternalistic «vocabulary of lordship» and a «moral economy» that patronized peasants, but could also be mobilized to support their interests.
Elitism and Status: Reassessing Settlement Hierarchy in Early Medieval England
Authors: Lewis Hana
Published: January 2021

The complexities of identifying and understanding settlement hierarchy in early medieval England (c. 5th–11th centuries) is the focus of much debate. Within this field of enquiry, settlement arrangements, architecture, landholding patterns and material culture are commonly used in the identification of a range of settlement types. These include royal complexes, monastic institutions, towns and trading/production sites such as emporia. This same evidence is also used to interpret the status and role of these sites in early medieval England. This paper advances the current understanding of settlement hierarchy through an assessment of rural settlements and their material culture. These settlements have received comparatively less scholarly attention than higher profile early medieval sites such as elite, ecclesiastical and urban centres, yet represent a rich source of information. Through analysis of material culture as evidence for the consumption, economic and social functions which characterise rural settlements, a picture of what were inherently complex communities is presented. The findings further support the need to reassess settlement hierarchy in early medieval England and a new hierarchical model is proposed.
Profiles of progesterone and bovine interferon-τ in repeat breeding and non-repeat breeding Aceh cows
Authors: Husnurrizal Husnurrizal , Siregar Tongku Nizwan , Gholib Gholib , Panjaitan Budianto , Armansyah Teuku , Wahyuni Sri
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study aimed at determining the profiles of progesterone and bovine interferon-τ (bIFN-τ) and the correlation between the two in repeat breeding (RB) Aceh cattle and non-RB Aceh cattle.

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on five RB and five non-RB Aceh cows. These cows were subjected to estrous synchronization using the prostaglandin F2 alpha hormone, which was followed by artificial insemination (AI). Serum samples were collected on days 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, and 17 after AI to measure the concentration of progesterone at the beginning and end of the luteal phase and from days 14 to 18 after AI to measure the concentration of bIFN-τ. The concentrations of progesterone and bIFN-τ were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pregnancy examinations were performed by ultrasonography on days 25, 35, 45, and 55 after AI. Data for progesterone and bIFN-τ concentrations were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney and t-tests, and the correlation between progesterone and bIFN-τ was analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.

Results: The average concentration of progesterone in RB Aceh cows tended to be lower than non-RB Aceh cows, but it was not significantly different (p>0.05). Similar results also found in the concentration of bIFN-τ which RB Aceh cows tended to have lower bIFN-τ concentrations compared to non-RB Aceh cows, but it was also not significantly different (p>0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of progesterone and bIFN-τ in RB and non-RB Aceh cows did not show a significant correlation (p>0.05). These results of the ultrasonography showed that non-RB Aceh cows were pregnant from day 25 to day 55 after AI, whereas RB Aceh cows were not pregnant and had early embryonic death.

Conclusion: The concentrations of progesterone and bIFN-τ in non-RB Aceh cows tended to be higher than those in RB Aceh cows, although, it was not significantly different. Non-RB Aceh cows were able to maintain pregnancy until day 55, whereas RB Aceh cows were diagnosed with early embryonic death before day 25 after AI.
Tanácsadói szerepek, kompetenciák (Consultant roles and competencies)
Authors: Tokár-Szadai Ágnes
Published: January 2021

A szakirodalomban található tipikus tanácsadói szerepek, tulajdonságok rendszerezését követően került sor a Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megyei tanácsadók kompetenciáinak vizsgálatára a tanácsadók, valamint a vállalkozók értékrendje szerint. A nemzetközi összehasonlíthatóság érdekében a szerző, Frank Höselbarth (2000) reprezentatív felmérésében alkalmazott 21 tulajdonság, kompetencia alapján vizsgálta meg a megyei helyzetet 2001-ben és 2005–06-ban is. A szakirodalomban található tipikus tanácsadói tulajdonságok, kompetenciák (tudás, készség, tapasztalat) összefoglalását tartalmazza a németországi felmérésben alkalmazott 21 jellemző. A magyar és német tanácsadók tulajdonságaiban a szerző nem tapasztal lényeges eltérést. Az elméleti és empirikus kutatási eredményei alapján vázolja fel a tanácsadói kompetencia modellt. _______ After the taxonomy of the typical characteristics of consultants, the author made a surveys and analysis of the characteristics of consultants located in Borsod- Abaúj-Zemplén County according to the value systems of consultants and entrepreneurs. In order the maintain international comparability, she applied the 21 factors used in the representative study of Frank Höselbarth (2000) to analyse the situation of B-A-Z County both in 2001 and in 2005-06 as well. The 21 criteria applied in the German study is a summary of the typical characteristics of consultants, found in the literature. The author did not find significant difference in the characteristics of Hungarian and German consultants.
Az ügyfélszerzési mód hatásának vizsgálata a vevőelégedettségre és a lojalitásra a szervezeti piacon (Analyzing the impact of the customer acquisition mode to the customer satisfaction and loyalty on the corporate market – assessing the effect of recommendation with applying structural equation modelling)
Authors: Neumann Bódi Edit
Published: January 2021

A kutatás célja a marketingeszközök hosszú távú hatásának pontosabb megértése szervezetközi viszonylatban a vevőértékelési modellek egyik nehezen számszerűsíthető tényezője, az ajánlás hatásának vizsgálata által. A hatások elemzésére a strukturális egyenlőségek módszerét (Structural Equation Modelling) alkalmazta a szerző. Rámutatott, hogy az ajánlással szerzett ügyfelek elégedettebbek, lojálisabbak és gyakrabban ajánlják a vállalatot a más módon szerzett ügyfeleknél. Az összefüggések feltárása és bizonyítása különösen az ajánlás kumulatív hatása miatt jelentős. Az eredmények gyakorlati alkalmazásával lehetőség nyílik az ügyfélkör differenciáltabb, értékalapú szegmentációjára, amely pontosabb célcsoport-meghatározást lesz lehetővé, és hosszú távon hozzájárul a vállalat optimális ügyfélportfóliójának kialakításához. ______ The research is aimed at more precise understanding of longterm effects of marketing tools in business to business relations by analysing the impacts of recommendation potential, one of the hardly measurable factors of customer value concept. Structural Equation Modelling is applied for conducting effect analysis. The results show that customers acquired with recommendation are more satisfied, more loyal, and make more recommendation that other customer. These results are more interesting if we take the cumulative effect of recommendation in account. They provide bases for a more differentiated segmentation of customers, which results in a more accurate identification of target groups. In the long-run, the application of the customer-value concept considerably contributes to creating an optimal customer portfolio for companies.
Interdisciplinary tools to advance agro-food processing research and projects implementation in Egypt
Authors: Hegazy Rashad
Published: January 2021

Agro-food processing research and projects have several economic development, social equity, and environmental protection goals and can be defined as complex systems linked by dynamic processes and interaction mechanisms. Interdisciplinarity should be the norm, not the exception in agro-food processing projects and research, where individual efforts or to use certain disciplines is no longer a suitable solution. We have to keep our minds open to everything new and to keep them updated regularly and consistent with other mindsets, theories and tools found to advance agro-food processing research and projects. Quality food, natural resources conservation and nutrition security are considered the principal outcomes of agro-food processing research and projects and they determined by decisions and actions taken along different activities. Agro-food processing research and projects is a well-defined theme within food systems with specific millstones and activities order. We are normally driven by the clear vision of our agro-food processing research and project activities, but in each activity, there are always new and updated applicable concepts to maximize our planned outcomes and impact and to achieve the SDGs which require massive engagement with wide array of actors and disciplines. In this article, we explore some interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary approaches and techniques that can help to design and implement more efficient agro-food processing research and projects. Accordingly, we review general interdisciplinarity concepts and how to use them specifically to extend our current understandings of agro-food processing expertise dimensions, team working, value chain actors, and stakeholder relations to achieve the required impact in Egypt.
Current Challenges in the Management of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: The Effect of Critical Illness Myopathy
Authors: Pope Daniel , Joya Sosa Yocelin , Gugala Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 has proven to be one of the deadliestrespiratory diseases present in the world today. While many infections result in a mild, self-limiting illness, patients with severe disease often require high level critical care. Despite our best life saving measures, patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have a significantly higher mortality ratecompared to patients admitted to ICUs for other respiratory illnesses. This review of the literature aims to describe a pathophysiologic mechanism that we believe contributes to high mortality in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Critical illness myopathy and polyneuropathy (CIMPN) is a poorly understood disease process that contributes to muscle and nerve damage in critically ill patients. In CIMPN, excessive systemic inflammation and changes in blood composition lead to damage of nerves and vasculature, which results in weakening of musculature. Damage to respiratory muscles can further exacerbate poor blood oxygenation causedbylung inflammation. Many of the same inflammatory markers seen in SARS-CoV-2 infections have also been shown to contribute to CIMPN. Additionally, high blood sugar levels caused by the bodys stress response can also contribute to CIMPN. Based on our findings, we recommend that future studies of critically ill COVID-19 patients focus on suppressing the cytokine TGF-beta and controllingblood sugar levels in order to combat the effects of CIMPN.
DAKWAH DIGITAL UNTUK GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Lestari Puput Puji
Published: January 2021

Technology influences people's lives today, particularly to the rise of global culture and instantaneous lifestyles. Technological developments also influence the da'wah model by which morality among the millennial generation grows along with their process of selves identity seeking. Through the development of technology, it is undeniable that the contents of radicalism, extremism can spread and is able to enter all aspects of life. This study aims to answer the query of how religion is understood and practiced by the millennial generation and how da'wah can be carried out in the millennial era. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, through in-depth interviews with several informants who have been determined based on purposive sampling. The study found that religion can be interpreted as a way of life so able to prevent its adherent from mistakes. Keywords: Religion, Da'wah Method, Millennial Generation, Millennial Da'wah.Perkembangan teknologi melahirkan fenomena menarik dalam kehidupan masyarakat saat ini yaitu maraknya budaya global dan gaya hidup serba instan. Perkembangan teknologi mengakibatkan model dakwah semakin berkembang pesat dan dinamis dan dapat berpengaruh pada akhlak, moral generasi milenial yang dimana mereka pada fase proses mencari jati diri. Dengan perkembangan teknologi tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa konten-konten berbau radikalisme, ekstrimisme dapat dengan cepat menyebar dan mampu memasuki semua lini. Maka, perlu tempat yang dapat membawa angin segar agar generasi milenial tidak mudah mempercayai konten yang tersebar dengan liberal. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara agama dipahami dan dipraktikkan oleh generasi milenial dan bagaimana caranya dakwah dapat dilakukan di era milenial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, melalui wawancara mendalam ( in depth interview ) dari beberapa informan yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan purposive sampling hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa agama dapat dimaknai sebagai pedoman hidup  agar tidak melakukan kekacauan. Penyampaian agama dalam dakwah melalui pengajian, media sosial, dan pendekatan psikologi untuk menangkal ujaran kebencian. Itulah alasan munculnya dakwah digital oleh “ustad gaul” yang melek akan teknologi.Kata Kunci : Agama, Metode Dakwah, Generasi Milenial.
Exploring differences in psychological well-being and self-regulated learning in university student success
Authors: Davis Sarah K. , Hadwin Allyson F.
Published: January 2021

Worldwide, there are increasing concerns about postsecondary students’ mental health and how student success is implicated. Previous research has established psychological well-being and self-regulated learning are important components of student success, however, there is a paucity of research examining the interplay between these factors during a semester-long course. In this study, 118 students in a learning-to-learn elective university course completed nine weekly online planning and reflection tools. Students planned for a study session, completed an academic engagement and a psychological well-being measure, then reflected on a challenge faced and described the strategy chosen to overcome that challenge. Findings revealed (a) students who reported always attaining their goals also reported higher overall psychological well-being, and (b) within-person patterns of psychological well-being and academic engagement over time may affect regulatory responses to challenge or vice versa. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
Preparing to Perform a Resistance Training Workout
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike
Published: January 2021

Strength and conditioning professionals need to remember the fundamental principles of designing a resistance training workout. Designing a workout involves a host of decisions based on acute program variables. Choices made within each of these variables will impact the stimuli that the workout provides and the resulting adaptations.
Zapomniany geniusz. Prof. Marian Mazur i jego szkoła cybernetyki
Authors: Pawlak Andrzej
Published: January 2021

Prof. Marian Mazur (1909–1983) był inżynierem elektrykiem, specjalistą w zakresie elektrotermii oraz twórcą polskiej szkoły cybernetyki. Jest autorem dwóch pionierskich w skali światowej teorii: Cybernetycznej teorii układów samodzielnych (1966) i Jakościowej teorii informacji (1970). W pracy Cybernetyka i charakter (1976) odniósł teorię systemów autonomicznych (tj. takich, które mają zdolność sterowania i przeciwstawiania się utracie tej zdolności) do człowieka będącego przykładem systemu autonomicznego i zdefiniował jego charakter jako zespół sztywnych parametrów sterowniczych. Parametry te nie poddają się wpływom otoczenia, z wyjątkiem oddziaływań niszczących. Oznacza to, że charakter człowieka jest nieprzerabialny, a w konflikcie charakteru z sytuacją należy zmienić sytuację. Jest to podejście odmienne od przyjętego w psychologii. Analizując sposoby przetwarzania przez system autonomiczny materii, energii i informacji, Marian Mazur wyodrębnił pięć rodzajów ludzkich charakterów, porządkując je w kolejności od przewagi rozpraszania nad gromadzeniem do ich gromadzenia. Znajomość zasad rządzących postępowaniem każdego z charakterów pozwala przewidzieć zachowanie ludzi o danym charakterze w każdej sytuacji i umożliwia wskazanie im takiego obszaru działalności, w którym będą odnosić największe sukcesy. Cybernetyczna teoria charakterów ma zatem szerokie możliwości stosowania jej w oświacie, psychologii oraz teorii organizacji i zarządzania jako metoda ułatwiająca podejmowanie decyzji optymalnych.
Przygotowanie polskich przedsiębiorstw do świadczenia pracy zdalnej w okresie pandemii COVID-19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Chomicki Michał , Mierzejewska Katarzyna ,   Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Published: January 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ocena gotowości polskich przedsiębiorstw do przyjmowania świadczenia pracy w formie zdalnej w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Bezprecedensowe wyzwanie, jakim jest pandemia COVID-19, wymagało wdrożenia zwinnych zachowań oraz wykorzystania dynamicznych zdolności w celu dostosowania się do nowych uwarunkowań, czyli sprawnego przystosowania się do zmieniających warunków otoczenia poprzez rekonfigurację portfela zasobów. W artykule omówiono koncepcję zwinnych zachowań w kontekście wprowadzenia systemu pracy zdalnej w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Badania wykazały, że generalnie polscy pracodawcy są przygotowani na odbiór pracy świadczonej zdalnie, lecz lepiej spisały się przedsiębiorstwa prywatne niż publiczne oraz te z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego niż te z wyłącznie polskim kapitałem.
Efektywne zarządzanie innowacyjnością pracowniczą w czasach COVID-19, czyli jak w kryzysie wzmocnić potencjał innowacyjny członków organizacji
Authors:   Uniwersytet SWPS, Łużniak-Piecha Magdalena , Bobrowska Joanna ,   Uniwersytet SWPS
Published: January 2021

Zaangażowanie pracowników w procesy innowacji jest postrzegane jako coraz bardziej istotny czynnik przewagi konkurencyjnej firm, w miarę jak narasta tempo zmian rynkowych i trudności w ich przewidywaniu. Jednak tworzenie i wspieranie innowacji stanowi niezwykle trudne zadanie w kontekście zarządzania zespołem jednostek twórczych, a zatem działających i myślących niezależnie i krytycznie. Autorki dokonały przeglądu literatury teoretycznej oraz aktualnych wyników badań empirycznych, odnosząc się do zagadnień związanych z indywidualnymi i organizacyjnymi uwarunkowaniami innowacyjności pracowników organizacji. Wskazały też na czynniki wpływające na efektywność korzystania z twórczego potencjału pracowników. Sytuacja pandemii stanowi silny bodziec do wprowadzenia szeregu zmian w firmach, w tym do przemyślenia na nowo sposobów organizacji pracy, metod zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi oraz procesami innowacji. Korzystanie z innowacyjnego potencjału pracowników jest obecnie dla wielu organizacji szansą na przetrwanie. Z drugiej strony następujące aktualnie dynamiczne zmiany środowiska pracy, związane przede wszystkim z rozpowszechnieniem pracy zdalnej i technologii cyfrowych, mogą powodować utrudnienia dla kreatywności zatrudnionych. Przegląd literatury w zakresie innowacyjności pracowniczej, szczególnie w kontekście pandemii, stanowi punkt wyjścia do badań własnych, dotyczących uwarunkowań innowacyjności pracowniczej i przebiegu procesów innowacji w organizacjach. Wyniki badawcze staną się tematem kolejnych opracowań.
How Can Human Beings Live beyond 100? A Freshman Seminar Course on Aging
Authors: Shan Jianying , Shen Jie , Li Motao , Zhang Dake , Zang Xiaohui
Published: January 2021

How aging might be delayed is a very meaningful topic. Our “Living Beyond 100” freshman seminar course combined lecture-based and seminar-style instruction on the following subtopics: “Social Geography and Longevity,” “The Process of Brain Aging,” “Anti-aging Biology,” “What If We Could Live beyond 100 Years?,” “Reexamination of Regeneration and Replacement,” “Comprehensive Research on Cancer,” and “Information and Immortality.” The course introduced knowledge on the frontiers of scientific research, helped students understand deeply how humans age and how life span can be prolonged scientifically, and encouraged students to choose healthy habits and establish a good life philosophy. The course also helped freshmen change from a passive learning mode to an active one, improved their scientific literacy, and cultivated their skills of innovation and communication.
Realistic Expectations and Prosocial Behavioural Intentions to the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Norwegian Population
Authors: Sætrevik Bjørn
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus pandemic represents a serious challenge for modern societies. Individuals’ perception of risk influences their choice of action, and their collective actions determine the societal impact of the pandemic. The current data paper presents descriptive statistics of a survey from a representative sample of Norwegian citizens (N = 4,083), collected in the early phases of the pandemic (March 20-29, 2020). Most of the population considered the risk for being infected to be small and the risk for becoming seriously ill to be smaller still. On the other hand, most were worried that family members could be infected, and that their daily life could change drastically. The majority of participants were optimistic that they could handle the challenges that the virus would bring, and that they would receive good medical treatment if they were to become sick. Almost all stated that they intended to comply with the authorities’ advice for limiting the contagion. Most stated that following the advice would be effective in preventing themselves and others from becoming sick. Most stated being careful in how they gather information about the pandemic. The survey showed that the Norwegian population at the time had realistic perceptions of risks, optimistic attitudes and intentions for prosocial behaviour that would limit the pandemic spread.
ПРИДАТНІСТЬ ЗАСОБІВ ОЦІНКИ РУХОВОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ДЛЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ СТАНУ ДІТЕЙ З РОЗЛАДАМИ СПЕКТРУ АУТИЗМУ
Authors: Миценко Євген
Published: January 2021

Мета. Дослідження спрямоване на перевірку придатності тестів, як інструментів оцінки рухової функції дітей з розладами спектру аутизму. Представляє аналіз засобів і методів, які дозволяють оцінити рухову сферу людини і можуть бути застосовані до дітей з розладами спектру аутизму.Методи. Було відібрано шістнадцять хлопців з розладами спектру аутизму, віком від 7 до 11 років. Також для них були підібрані рухові тести з урахуванням теорії Миколи Берштейна про координацію та регуляцію рухів. А саме: теппінг тест, проба Ромберга, спеціально регламентовані стрибки/ходьба по платформах, ходьба на задану відстань, відтворення кута підйому передпліччя, ліплення, перекати в сторону, стрибок на точність, ходьба над лавками, метання кульки в ціль, монтаж-демонтаж заклепок, перебудова стереотипу письма. Дві групи рухових тестів було порівняно: одна група тих, що були розроблені та використовувалися раніше іншими дослідниками для здорових людей та інша група тестів, що були розроблені нами для роботи з дітьми з розладами спектру аутизму. Метою порівняння було оцінити різницю в тому наскільки ці тести є придатними для виконання дітьми з розладами спектру аутизму, та на основі отриманих даних обґрунтувати доцільність їх застосування. Результати. Отримані результати порівняння показали значну різницю між двома групами рухових тестів в тому наскільки рухові завдання, що лежать в їх основі доступні для розуміння дітей з розладами спектру аутизму. Відсоток засвоєних досліджуваними інструкцій з виконання рухових завдань, суттєво різниться для першої та другої групи тестів (P<0.05). А саме виявлено, що друга група моторних тестів є для них більш зрозумілою ніж перша. Висновок. З наведеного можна зробити висновок, що запропоновані нами тести більш ефективні для оцінки рухової функції дітей з розладами спектру аутизму ніж ті, що застосовувались раніше іншими дослідниками для здорових людей.Ключові слова: оцінка, розлади спектру аутизму, діти, рухова функція.
Comparative study of the performance of acetylated bamboo with different catalysts
Authors: Huang Saisai , Ma Zhongqing , Nie Yujing , Lu Fengzhu , Ma Lingfei
Published: January 2021

The catalytic acetylation of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was compared with acetylation using concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic acid, potassium acetate, and noncatalytic acetylation at 120 °C for 3 h. The weight percentage gain, dimensional stability, color difference, and wettability of bamboo after the acetylation was comprehensively measured. Also, the chemical and thermal properties of the resultant bamboo were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the potassium acetate-catalyzed acetylation of bamboo greatly accelerated the reaction degree, had little effect on color change, extraordinarily decreased wettability, and had little irregular impact on the dimensional stability. The catalytic activity was followed by potassium acetate, sulfuric acid, noncatalytic acid, and acetic acid. The FTIR analysis showed that the functional groups in the acetylated bamboo were mainly affected by different catalysts. The thermal stability of acetylated bamboo was higher than the untreated bamboo. In particular, potassium acetate-catalytic acetylation greatly reacted with -OH groups and increased thermal decomposition.
Effect of cellulose nanocrystals on the performance of oil-immersed transformer insulating paper
Authors: Chen Qijie , Kang Meicun , Rong Zhi , Zong Zhangyang
Published: January 2021

The possibility of enhancing both mechanical and breakdown properties of oil-immersed transformer insulating paper were considered by introduction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Two kinds of CNCs were taken into account: the TEMPO-oxidized CNCs (T-CNC) and the sulfuric acid hydrolyzed CNCs (S-CNC). Insulating paper containing no CNCs was also prepared as a reference. Obtained samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different amounts of CNC on tensile strength, AC breakdown strength, oil absorption rate, and conductivity of insulating paper extract were studied. The CNC improved the mechanical and electrical performances of insulating paper, and the effect of T-CNC was a little better than that of S-CNC. When the T-CNC dosage was 0.9%, the tensile strength, AC breakdown strength in oil, and oil absorption rate of the insulating paper were 70.22 N • m/g, 59.8 kV/mm, and 53.1%, respectively, which was improved by 21.7%, 24.6%, and 39.4%, respectively, compared with the reference insulating paper. The beating degree of pulp also affected the mechanical and electrical properties of insulating paper containing CNC. Based on overall performance, it was concluded that CNCs are promising nano-additives for oil-immersed transformer insulating paper, especially for T-CNC.
Use of lignin-based carbons for decolorization of wastewater dyes
Authors: Wu Qin , Shao Weilong , Zhang Yujie , Su Tong , Zhao Xin , Kong Fangong , Xia Nannan , Wang Zhiwei
Published: January 2021

Hierarchical porous carbons were prepared from several common lignins, including sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), alkali lignin (AL), and calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) via one-step carbonization at 800 °C for 10 h without oxygen or any additional templating/activation agent for the decolorization of dyes from wastewater. The obtained carbons showed high porosity and microporous-mesoporous-macroporous hierarchical porous structures. The specific surface areas of SLS-C, AL-C, and CLS-C were 346 m2/g, 405 m2/g, and 512 m2/g, respectively. The total pore volumes of SLS-C, AL-C, and CLS-C were 0.12 cm3/g, 0.21 cm3/g, and 0.28 cm3/g, respectively. The obtained carbon materials displayed excellent adsorption-decolorization abilities for 5 dyes, including ethyl violet, malachite green, cationic brilliant red, acid blue 92, and direct red 23. The concentrations of these 5 dyes in wastewater were reduced by SLS-C from 20 mg/L to 0.12 mg/L, 0.20 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, 0.78 mg/L, and 3.77 mg/L, respectively, over a 60 min treatment. AL-C reduced these concentrations from 20 mg/L to 0.02 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L, 0.71 mg/L, and 1.72 mg/L over the same time period. In addition, the concentrations of these respective dyes were reduced by CLS-C from 20 mg/L to 0.01 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, and 0.20 mg/L.
Comparison of two bar edge lengths of refining plates on the properties of American old corrugated container pulp during low consistency refining
Authors: Cai Hui , Yuan Zhaoyang , Tong Guolin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2021

Commercial American old corrugated container pulp (AOCC) boards were used as the starting material for repulping and low consistency (LC) refining to investigate the effects of LC refining plate geometry on the fibre and strength properties of the generated pulp. Specific refining energy that ranged from 0 to 120 kWh/air-dried ton (ADT) of pulp was explored for the two bar edge lengths (BEL) of refining plate patterns, wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL. The results showed that fibre length, curl index, kink index, and pulp freeness decreased while fines content increased with increasing refining energy input for both of the two refining plates during LC refining. LC refining with 2.01 BEL plate at low intensity of 0.24 J/m showed less fibre length reduction and more tensile strength development than that obtained with 0.99 BEL plate at high intensity of 0.48 J/m when compared at the same specific energy. Moreover, to achieve the desired tensile strength of the AOCC pulp, lower energy was needed for the interim 2.01 BEL plate than the wide 0.99 BEL plate. Thus, the interim 2.01 km/rev BEL refining plate provided potential for saving refining energy to reach a desired tensile strength of AOCC pulp.
Effects of moisture content on lap-shear, bending, and tensile strength of lap-jointed and finger-jointed southern pine using phenol resorcinol formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde
Authors: Liu Jian , Yue Kong , Wang Feng , Wu Jinhao , Tang Zhongqiu , Chen Zhangjing , Lu Weidong , Liu Weiqing
Published: January 2021

The bonding performance of the phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive (PRF) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesive (MUF) with southern pine as substrates at various moisture contents (MC) was evaluated. The results showed that bonding shear strength with MUF and PRF was negatively related to wood MC, and bonding shear strength with MUF was higher than that of the PRF. The bending and tensile strengths of finger-jointed lumber decreased with wood MC. The bending strength of finger-jointed lumber was affected more by wood than adhesive. However, both wood and adhesive exhibited the same important contribution to the tensile strength.
Effect of particle pre-treatments on the quality of kenaf core/HDPE plastic composites
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Cappellazzi Jed , Morrell Jeffrey J.
Published: January 2021

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) produces a highly versatile fiber with a variety of uses, but it also produces sizable amounts of core materials that have fewer value-added applications. One possible use for the plant core is in plastic composites, but developing suitable interactions between the hydrophobic plastic and the hydrophilic kenaf core is difficult. In this study, the potential for using various kenaf core pre-treatments was explored using high-density polyethylene (HDPE). While the pre-treatments changed the pectin content and lignin content, the increase or decrease depended on the pre-treatment methods. Pretreatments of core particles with 1% NaOH for 60 min or 1% HCl for 30 min markedly improved the mechanical properties of a 60/40 kenaf/HDPE mixture, although the pre-treatment had little effect on resistance to fungal attack. The results suggest that pectinase enzyme or cellulase enzyme pretreatment time should be shortened to 30 min or 60 min.
Simultaneous removal of methyl orange and Cr(VI) using polyethyleneimine-modified corncob-derived carbon material
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Song , Liang Yong , Zhou Huan , Li Xinshu , Duan Lin , Chen Shuang , Li Sanxi , Zhang Linnan , Zhang Ailing
Published: January 2021

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified corncob-derived carbon material (CCM) was prepared by the simple wet-impregnation technique. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen isothermal adsorption/desorption measurements were used to compare the structural differences between the CCM and the PEI-modified CCM (PEI-CCM). In the single-pollutant removal experiment, the PEI-CCM showed high adsorption capacities for methyl orange (MO) and Cr(VI). However, the CCM only showed high adsorption capacity for MO. Moreover, the PEI-CCM exhibited high removal efficiencies in the simultaneous removal of MO and Cr(VI), with final removal efficiencies of 100% and 95%, respectively. The reusability experiment of PEI-CCM indicated that, after four recycles, PEI-CCM maintained high performance with the removal efficiency of MO and Cr(VI) decreased less than 3% and 16%, respectively. The prepared PEI-CCM could be a high-performance adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of MO and Cr(VI) from water containing multiple pollutants.
Bio-based adhesive mixtures of pine tannin and different types of lignins
Authors: Saražin Jaša , Schmiedl Detlef , Pizzi Antonio , Šernek Milan
Published: January 2021

Tannins and lignins, which are natural phenolic compounds, are gaining substantial interest in biobased wood adhesive research. In this study, several different biobased tannin-lignin-hexamine adhesive mixtures were prepared and compared in a lap-joint shear strength test. In the first part, the suitability of different types of kraft and organosolv lignins as part of the mixture used in the production of biobased adhesives (in combination with pine tannins) were observed. It was found that biobased adhesive mixtures containing kraft lignins performed significantly better than those that contained organosolv lignins. In the second part, unmodified kraft lignins were mixed with pine tannin in different proportions, ranging from 0% to 100%. The pressing parameters were set to 150 °C for 15 min after performing oscillatory tests with a rheometer. Pure tannin adhesives performed the best, but no significant differences or a trend line were observed among adhesives containing different proportions of tannins and lignins.
Antifungal activities of Cunninghamia lanceolata heartwood extractives
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jian , Li Shujun , Freitag Camille , Morrell J. J.
Published: January 2021

Three extractives from China-fir were obtained by a sequential extraction processes with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The components of the three extractives were analyzed: (1) The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that in addition to the presence of cedrol, naphthalenes comprised a relatively large percentage of both the hexane extract (10.39%) and the ethyl acetate extract (9.43%). (2) Total phenolic contents analysis showed that phenols took up 6.66 % of the ethyl acetate extract and 22.8% of the methanol extract. All extracts, even with low concentrations, presented fair antifungal activities against two white-rot fungi, Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteusand two brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum. Cedrol and naphthalenes were partly responsible for the bioactivities. The synergistic effect of phenols and antifungal compounds also contributed to the wood decay resistance.
Fractionation of pulp and paper particles selectively by size
Authors: Laitinen Ossi , Kemppainen Kalle , Stoor Tuomas , Niinimäki Jouko
Published: January 2021

A study was made of the classification of pulp, paper, and peat particles by size with a device called a tube flow fractionator. An accurate and simple experimental model was formulated in order to estimate the time required for fractionation, yielding an excellent correlation between the observed and predicted fractionation times. The results showed that the fractionation time of a certain size of pulp, paper, and peat particles in the tube flow device can be accurately estimated from the length, width, and thickness of the particle. The results can be used to facilitate the selection of specific fractions of pulp and paper samples.