bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sculpting the Body Electric
Authors: Doty Josh
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that attending to Walt Whitman’s recently recovered health and exercise guide, “Manly Health and Training” and the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass in light of reformist ideas about bodily exercise yields a new understanding of the poet as celebrating the concept of discipline. Far from an anomaly, “Manly Health,” written and published during a year of Whitman’s life when he experienced a “sun-stroke,” his first significant health issue, provides a framework through which to understand Whitman’s depictions of health in his poetry; because “Manly Health” presents bodily discipline as the prerequisite of well-being, it is an important component of Whitmanian health. Doty reads the changes Whitman made between the 1856 and 1860 editions of Leaves of Grass, which include numbering the poems and organizing them for the first time into what Whitman calls “clusters,” as a form of discipline the poet enacted upon the form, or the body, of his work. The portrait of Leaves of Grass that emerges from this analysis is of a poem that embodies the human body’s own tensions between sickness and health, growth and decay, stasis and change, freedom and governance.
Introduction
Authors: Hammond Kelly A.
Published: January 2022

In 1940, a secret report compiled by the Chinese Foreign Ministry warned the Chinese Nationalist Party (C. Guomindang) about “Japan’s Near East Conspiracy” to win the support of Muslims around the world.1 The briefing begins by cautioning that Japanese propaganda made claims like, “Japan is the sun, Islam is the moon, which together emanate enough brightness to shine from East Asia throughout the entire world.”...
From Meiji through Manchukuo
Authors: Hammond Kelly A.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 traces the historical development of Japan’s interest in Sino-Muslims and is framed within the broader intellectual interest in both Islam and religion that began in the late Meiji period (1868-1912). This discussion provides a sense of the methods and logic behind Japan’s increasingly coherent Islamic policy throughout the Taishō Era (1912–26) and the early years of Hirohito’s reign until the founding of Manchukuo in March 1932. During this time, the Japanese Empire strengthened its foothold in China and increased its outreach to Muslim communities. All the while, the interests of the Japanese Imperial Army and Japanese scholars of Islam became more closely aligned. The outbreak of war between China and Japan in July 1937 was pivotal for Japanese imperial policy toward Sino-Muslims.
Sitting on a Bamboo Fence
Authors: Hammond Kelly A.
Published: January 2022

In chapter 2, Sino-Muslims who were living under occupation become the departure point for examining Nationalist-supported responses to the Japanese occupation. An examination of widely circulated Nationalist-sponsored Muslim periodicals and internally circulating government reports that covered reconnaissance missions to visit Sino-Muslim communities living under occupation highlights the sense of urgency that this situation merited from the Nationalist government. Chapter 2 then examines the reactions of Sino-Muslim communities to curriculum changes proposed for Muslim schools by both the Nationalists and the Japanese Empire. These highly contested Chinese- and Japanese-language reforms were implemented in Muslim schools as a way to indoctrinate Muslim youths.
Sino-Muslims beyond Occupied China
Authors: Hammond Kelly A.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 follows a number of Sino-Muslims who left areas under occupation to visit or study in Tokyo, to travel around East Asia, and to perform hajj with the financial assistance of the Japanese Empire. These policies were first enacted in North China and were then framed out within the larger scope of the management of Muslim populations living throughout the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
Emancipation
Authors: Jemison Elizabeth L.
Published: January 2022

Amid Confederate defeat in the Mississippi River Valley, Confederate Christians, freedpeople, and northern missionaries all claimed that Christian behavior should govern their work for opposite goals. White southern Christians believed that slavery’s biblical paternalistic order justified their opposition to emancipation and black freedom, and they preserved the logic of proslavery Christianity in their postemancipation call for white supremacist paternalism. Freedpeople and Union officials celebrated God’s work to end the scourge of slavery and recognized shared Christian identity as they collaborated in contraband camps, but the formerly enslaved found that many white would-be allies, such as American Missionary Association teachers, had limited support for Black autonomy and self-determination. Black churches emerged as political and social centers for freed communities, hosting schools and community gatherings and even attracting white mob violence for promoting Black autonomy.
A Nation of Spectres
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 explores the health crisis caused by Spanish reconcentration policies during the final War of Independence, tracing Cuban and United States efforts to provide relief to the city’s reconcentrados as war gave way to the new U.S. military occupation, and as health and welfare work was systematized and centralized by the new Departmento de Beneficencia (Department of Public Charities), which Cuban physicians and health workers saw as a model for the nationalization of health services in postcolonial Cuba.
To Fight These Powerful Trusts and Free the Medical Profession
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

This final chapter explores the politics of medical practice and the medical market from the perspective of Cuban physicians. It explores the radicalization of the Cuban medical class in the context of the political and economic crisis of the early 1930s. Rodríguez argues that a small group of physicians, in successfully pushing the broader medical class to broaden its sectoral demands to address wider problems in urban medical care, were able to take advantage of a revolutionary moment to benefit both doctors and patients.
Introduction
Authors: Zellinger Elissa
Published: January 2022

In order to establish the appeal of lyrical and liberal aspirations in the nineteenth-century United States, this Introduction traces a history of the lyric. Whereas theories of lyricization present lyric as a critical artifact, this chapter historicizes the communicative function of lyric as a nineteenth-century poetic genre, arguing that poems across this period already possess elements of what the processes of lyricization eventually defines as lyric. In order to recognize these “lyrical strains” in nineteenth-century poetry, one must read lyric as a genre that aspires to liberalism’s ideal selfhood. To that end, the Introduction synthesizes the history of lyric across the long nineteenth century alongside liberalism’s rise in the United States. Permutations of lyric over the nineteenth century were closely connected to changes in ideas of the liberal self. Thus, in the nineteenth century, lyrical works imagined liberal self-formation for readers and writers, especially the women, African Americans, and Native Americans excluded from liberalism's freedoms.
Making the Modernist Poetess
Authors: Zellinger Elissa
Published: January 2022

Chapter Four explores the legacy of the Poetess's paradoxical mandate to publicly perform the social imperative of feminine privacy. By mobilizing the Poetess to confront the problem of modern selves and souls, Millay unveiled the problem that faced the woman poet: the self-diminishing, if not nearly impossible, practice of professing privacy. Muddying the emotional objectivity of modernism, Millay did not only trouble the sanctity of the woman poet's privacy but also the more fundamental idea of sovereign privacy on which individual agency depends. The forms of Millay's poetic mediation—in print, performance, radio, and photography—flaunt the tension between the promise of perfect lyrical availability and the utter absence of the figure they purport to produce. By manipulating this tension, Millay showed that modernism's concern to preserve individual agency in the face of de-individualizing culture was a fool's errand: an essential, stable selfhood was always already impossible. This chapter concludes with a discussion of how Millay, on the eve of World War II, extends this dissolution of essentialist ideas to American foreign policy; the fantasy of an isolated self, her poetry suggests, translated into a similar and dangerous fantasy of isolated nationhood.
Peace
Authors: Lang Andrew F.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 8 uses international and national lenses to interpret the 1870s. After a decade of civil war, national restoration, and a revolution in civil and constitutional rights, most loyal citizens looked abroad to consolidate the United States’ continental and hemispheric reach. These ambitions of expansion came at a cost, however, as the federal government used state power to dismantle sovereign Native nations and simultaneously raised questions about the limits of citizenship and inclusion outlined in the 14th Amendment. Meanwhile, white southern terrorists engaged in a violent counterrevolution against Republican state governments in the Reconstruction South, targeting Black freedom and equality. The insurgency raised a long-standing problem of American exceptionalist thought: how to use state power in the service of civil liberties. Ultimately, many white Americans considered excessive military and government force indicative of European despotism, violating the prerogatives of self-government. African Americans insisted that United States’ standing in the world depended on force in the service of civil rights, but the white southern insurgency overpowered their petitions.
A Large Body of Negro Votes Have Controlled the Late Election
Authors: Gosse Van
Published: January 2022

Outside of Philadelphia, black Pennsylvanians routinely voted in many of the state’s largest counties for decades. Only in the 1830s, when partisan competition became intense, did white Democrats pursue disfranchisement. Election inspectors blocked a black farmer, William Fogg, from voting in Luzerne County in 1836, leading to an 1838 state supreme court decision declaring Pennsylvania a “community of white men” exclusively. A sharply contested 1837 election in prosperous Bucks County, where black voters were a balance of power, led to a similar decision by a Democratic judge. Meanwhile a “Reform Convention” to amend the state constitution met and fiercely debated non-racial suffrage, ultimately voting to exclude all but white men.
All the Black Men Vote for Mr. Otis
Authors: Gosse Van
Published: January 2022

This chapter covers all of New England from the Revolution on, as each of its original four states emancipated enslaved people, joined by Vermont in 1791 and Maine in 1820. It argues the four Upper New England states constituted a Yankee Republic committed to “sectional nationalism” and formally non-racial politics, led by Federalists like George Thatcher, congressman from Massachusetts’ “Maine District” in the 1790s. The nation’s first black political leader, Prince Hall, emerged in Boston in the 1780s, presaging an entire political class of defiant small businessmen, which reached its apogee in the 1820s, incorporating David Walker.
Introduction
Authors: Inscoe John C.
Published: January 2022

Depictions of Southern Appalachia in film and text have historically been disparaging and monolithic. Inscoe argues these characterizations are overly simplistic. The scholarly creation of Southern Appalachia as a distinct cultural and sociological entity began early in the twentieth century by outsiders with various agendas. Theses agendas were reinforced over the twentieth century in no small part by the growing influence of film, in particular the use of a particular version of “hillbilly” culture. Yet Inscoe contends that Hollywood has done far more than perpetuate crude and demeaning stereotypes of mountain people. He outlines the book’s focus on how Hollywood has treated Appalachia’s past through a close reading of 24 films set in the region. The introduction then outlines his methodology for picking the films, how he employed these films as teaching tools. Finally, the introduction lays out a chapter outline and discusses the more pervasive themes that allow readers to consider the films as a collective whole.
The Crusade against Heart Balm
Authors: Donovan Brian
Published: January 2022

Chapter Two traces representations of gold diggers during the Great Depression. Distress about alimony persisted, but “heart balm” lawsuits, particularly actions for breach of promise, garnered massive media coverage. High-profile news accounts featured wealthy men in the entertainment or business worlds who faced lawsuits by women far below their social station. These stories generated a public image of gold diggers engaged in out-of-control litigation. Stories of breach of promise litigation, in both white and African American newspapers, cultivated the notion that heart balm litigation was widespread, grossly unfair, and a public hazard. By the mid-1930s, several states moved to repeal heart balm statutes. During those same years, major film studios produced a bumper crop of movies related to gold diggers and gold digging, often with plots that revolved around women using the law and the threat of lawsuits to extract money from hapless men. Chapter Two examines how state-wide campaigns against heart balm laws drew strength from sensationalized news coverage of breach of promise lawsuits and overlapped with the major themes and plots of early 1930s gold digger films.
Gold Diggers and Midcentury Domesticity
Authors: Donovan Brian
Published: January 2022

The gold digger figure of the 1940s and 50s revolved around a fragile sense of masculinity. Chapter Three examines the gold digger during World War II and the postwar economic expansion. During World War II, journalists and military officials highlighted the threat from so-called “Allotment Annies,” women who married multiple service men for their military allotment check. Stories of war brides abusing the allotment system constructed the gold digger as a national security menace. Yet, suspicions about wartime gold diggers far exceeded the actual harm that they caused. In the postwar period, the gold digger revolved around, and attempted to resolve, contradictions about 1950s white domesticity. Gold diggers exploited cracks in the postwar gender order. The sensational divorce trial of Billy Rose and Eleanor Holm revealed the high stakes of marital discord and the limits of postwar domestic compromises. Gold digger imagery during the 1950s depicted deceptive and manipulative women who threatened white masculinity and endangered the assumed quietude of postwar life.
Gold Diggers of the Sexual Revolution
Authors: Donovan Brian
Published: January 2022

Chapter Four considers the gold digger in the wake of the sexual revolution. The changes in sexual practices and mores that occurred during the 1960s worked to upend the conservative marital norms of the previous decade. In this context, marriage as an economic institution underwent a renewal not unlike the changes that caused the “first sexual revolution” in the early twentieth century. As more and more couples lived together without the legal bind of marriage, the alimony question assumed new forms. This chapter analyzes the legal battle between actor Lee Marvin and Michelle Triola, a conflict that reached the California Supreme Court and established the concept of “palimony,” a form of alimony available to unwed couples. Many commenters, such as writer Nora Ephron, condemned Triola as a gold digger for suing Marvin for financial support. Critics like Ephron regarded Triola’s lawsuit as a reproach of the women’s movement. Others, like Gloria Steinem and Gloria Allred, championed Triola’s cause as highlighting the inequities of modern marriage and divorce. The debate about Triola’s status as a gold digger was a referendum on larger questions surrounding women’s liberation in the 1970s.
Coda
Authors: Foster B. Brian
Published: January 2022

When I finally got to Clarksdale’s downtown square for the Juke Joint Festival, I remembered Teryeia’s advice: “Get out there early if you wan’a find a park.” I had not gotten out there early, at least not early enough; and I had not found a park, at least not one as close as I would have liked. Instead, I made a place on the shoulder of Sunflower Avenue several blocks south of the square. After I parked, I made my way back north, stopping where Sunflower crosses the railroad tracks to look. I didn’t remember the square being so busy and full the last time....
Public Order and Communal Order
Authors: Casimir Jean
Published: January 2022

The public order oligarchs and urban intermediaries tried to impose in Haiti had no impact on daily life in the country. Rather it was the communal order, connected to the mass of rural laborers, that triumphed over the public order. This communal order, the economic and social process unfolding in the country, generally went against the interests of the oligarchs.
The Hook
Authors: Monod David
Published: January 2022

The financial crisis of 1920-21 made clear to vaudeville entrepreneurs that costs had to be brought down and it was the small time, spearheaded by Marcus Loew’s massive chain of “small time” or “pop” houses, with their mix of live variety acts and movies, that provided the model. But “big time” vaudeville also faced the challenge of remaining on the cutting edge of style. It confronted new competition not just from cinemas, but also from glitzy revues and hip jazz clubs. It adapted weakly to these new forms of competition, hammered as it had been by the financial crisis and unwilling to adapt to the growing popularity of African-American music and musicians. After World War I, vaudeville came to look increasingly old fashioned as entertainment options exploded. This proved fatal for an industry whose appeal had been its claim on a contemporary urban style.
Introduction
Authors: Sherry Michael S.
Published: January 2022

This introduction establishes the author’s approach to the punitive turn, its differences from others’ scholarship, and its methods. It emphasizes the importance of language, as in “war on crime,” and the attitudes many Americans brought from their wars into crime-fighting.
The Sprawling Punitive Turn, 1993–2001
Authors: Sherry Michael S.
Published: January 2022

Although Bill Clinton dialled back the war rhetoric, the punitive turn, measured by incarceration rates, treatment of juvenile “superpredators,” and hardening media treatments of crime, spread more widely over the American landscape. The shift of military resources to crime-fighting was evident in the many closed military bases converted into prison sites and in the Defense Logistics Agency’s handover of discarded military wares to police agencies. And more than ever, loud voices shouted, alleged criminals deserved not merely punishment, but vengeance.
Conclusion
Authors: Contois Emily J. H.
Published: January 2022

Industry put the dude to work selling cookbooks, food television, diet sodas, yogurts, and weight loss programs to men with cool insincerity, but the dude circulated in food and throughout media in ways that upheld the power and exclusivity of hegemonic masculinity. In post-2016 America, many brands shifted course from promoting food as gendered in binary terms. Instead of focusing on gender contamination, some brands promoted the dude to all consumers, while others endorsed gender neutrality, which the hard seltzer White Claw did to great sales success and with significant cultural resonance. That said, much work remains to realize a food media and marketing future full of more joy and justice.
As If They Had Been Joined by a Clergyman
Authors: Parry Tyler D.
Published: January 2022

This chapter makes an important intervention in the existing scholarship of slave marriage in the United States and the centrality of “jumping the broom” in that historiography. It analyzes the ceremony’s diverse expressions throughout the antebellum South, arguing that enslaved people in different areas, similarly to their British counterparts, reimagined it for their own community’s preferences. The chapter then draws upon various narratives to examines how gender and social status were infused into the custom, showcasing how it reflected contests of dominance and domestic equality. It also overturns assumptions that the ceremony was universal among the enslaved, as many testimonials reveal it was largely associated with “field hands,” while those enslaved in the plantation house claimed to receive elaborate weddings that included Christian ministers. The chapter dismantles several myths that are now associated with the custom by historicizing the motivations for people who used it while simultaneously explaining why others rejected it. The chapter also provides a number of graphs and charts, which display how different practitioners performed the ritual differently and used it for different purposes.
Better than Nothing
Authors: Parry Tyler D.
Published: January 2022

The use of the broomstick wedding among European-American communities is an understudied component of this ritual history, and this chapter provides the first extended treatment of the marital phenomenon among people of European descent in the United States. Marginalized communities in isolated areas, such as white people in Appalachia, Cajuns in the Louisiana bayous, and miners in the rural American west, were inclined to adopt the ritual due to geographical circumstances that made access to ministers difficult. Like most other populations, each group shows a unique approach to performing the ritual, suggesting how each of them employed elements of cultural autonomy. Additionally, the chapter argues that many white Americans, especially those linked to cultures based on oral tradition, retained an understanding of “jumping the broom” in their colloquial speech. Just as many recognize “tying the knot” as an expression for marriage, “jumping the broom” was also similarly popular in regional vernaculars of European Americans throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Whose Heritage? Whose Culture?
Authors: Parry Tyler D.
Published: January 2022

The conclusion is structured around a few cultural moments that resonate with current discussions of the ritual’s modern and historical relevance, including two audiovisual depictions of the ceremony found in the feature film Jumping the Broom (2011) and the remake of the miniseries Roots (2016); alongside its appearance in discussions surrounding the Royal Wedding between Prince Harry, a British Royal, and Meghan Markle, an African American actress. I explore how “jumping the broom” was imbedded in many of the cultural, social, and political discussions that commenced prior to their union in 2018, and how the discourse revealed a continued misunderstanding about the broomstick ceremony’s transatlantic, multicultural roots. Importantly, the conclusion explores a few theoretical questions that remain imbedded within the public discourse: Who has the “right” to claim the custom when it holds such a deep history in so many cultures? Can those hold no ancestral claim to the ceremony still use it, or are they guilty of cultural appropriation? And in considering the evolving attitudes toward marriage, it asks whether the broomstick wedding, in its current state, will survive subsequent generations, or if it will drift away as it did previously.
The American Coastal Frontier
Authors: Wells Jamin
Published: January 2022

This chapter surveys the physical and cultural landscape of the American coast before it was radically remade by state interventions and private investment. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the oceanfront fit contemporaries’ definition of a frontier. The coastline was a limit and a boundary, a national border, and a site of furthest settlement. Frontier condition characterized a landscape known for its sparse, thinly scattered parochial population; its isolation from emerging nodes of American life; and its status as a liminal space where different people and cultures converged, competed, and occasionally cooperated. Shipwrecks were at the heart of three interrelated factors – maritime commerce, enlightened reform, and the search for national identity – that began to turn the new nation’s attention toward its eastern frontier. The federal government and urban humanitarian groups took the lead, focusing on the dynamic shoreline in an effort to make it safer for maritime commerce and shipwrecked sailors. At the same time newspaper editors, artists, authors, and other cultural producers brought ever-more tales of coastal shipwrecks into the homes and workplaces of Americans, familiarizing them with the shore and marine disaster through sensationalist narratives.
Epilogue
Authors: Wells Jamin
Published: January 2022

The ironic effect of the coast’s transformation was that shipwrecks became less common, less significant, and less visible as regulation, integration, industrialization, and spectacle took root. The conclusion traces the rapid decline of coastal shipwrecks on the physical shoreline and in the cultural vocabulary of twentieth-century America. The coastal shipwreck became anachronistic and forgotten as the 1912 wreck of Titanic became the paradigmatic modern shipwreck. Two world wars militarized the coast, reducing the once-common shipwreck to a quaint accident. Ongoing navigation improvements and the modernization of maritime transportation industry simultaneously reduced the number of coastal shipwrecks. Instead of the shore being strewn with rusting hulks and rotting hulls, abandoned vessels massed in the backwaters of harbors and ports, until they too were removed, destroyed, or just disappeared. In the end, coastal shipwrecks became salty tales of a distant maritime past and underwater sites to locate and visit along the modern coast they helped create.
Conclusion
Authors: Varel David A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the close of Reddick’s career, particularly as he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor of History at Dillard University from 1978 to 1987. Although he commiserated with his good friend St. Clair Drake about the new conservative era and its hostility to further civil rights gains, he nevertheless remained active, including his participation in a landmark conference that grow into the important book The State of Afro-American History (1985), which included work by the next generation of pioneering black scholars like Darlene Clark Hine, Thomas C. Holt, James D. Anderson, and Robert L. Harris, Jr., even as it also included Reddick’s contemporaries such as his fellow Fisk student John Hope Franklin. The chapter closes by recounting Reddick’s death, explaining why he is not better known, and underlining the ongoing importance of his model of scholar-activist and its palpable importance today.
A COVID Afterword
Authors: Stein Michael
Published: January 2022

The afterword relates some of Stein’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. He talks about masks, his patients’ jobs, and questions of responsibility.
Real Estate Questions
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

Historians of the United States have often described slavery as guided by the chattel principle. Yet in Black Reconstruction, W. E. B. Du Bois wrote, “No matter how degraded the factory hand, he is not real estate.” This chapter builds upon Du Bois’s description of slavery’s real estate basis and considers real estate as central to both slavery and territorial expansion in the nineteenth-century United States. Real estate formed the basis of slaveholder family stability and also enabled the intergenerational transfer of wealth. The article also considers the continuing influence of real estate after black emancipation. Real estate enabled post-slavery black dispossession and also facilitated the continuation of the United States as a settler empire.
White Overseers of the World
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

Between 1839 and 1849, the British East India Company engaged in a project to introduce U.S. cotton staples to colonial India. This project depended particularly depended upon the relocation of American plantation overseers from the United States who brought ideas and practices of race management with them. Through this history, this chapter examines how projects to introduce U.S. cotton staples to India drew upon techniques from racial slavery in the United States. The chapter further examines how these projects were disrupted and interrupted by north Indian cultivators.
The Toil of Man
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines mid-nineteenth century projects to colonize British Honduras. In the midst of Black emancipation in the United States, British colonial officials sought the settlement of formerly enslaved people from the United States to colonize the country. When freedpeople refused to relocate to the colony, colonial officials turned toward Chinese indentured labor. Following their resistance, British colonial officials sought to encourage the settlement of by U.S. confederates and slaveholders. These confederates were seen as crucial not only for the management of plantation estates and indentured labor but also to secure the colony against the Santa Cruz Maya.
Keeping Real Estate White
Authors: Sell Zach
Published: January 2022

Following the end of the American Civil War, former slaveholders turned not only to new sites of empire outside of the continental United States but more generally toward projects to continue the dispossession of formerly enslaved people within the continental empire, engaging in new land struggles against freedpeople. This chapter examines how the white supremacist legal and economic ordering of Black enslavement through white real estate also justified land ownership through the rule of law and practice of settler empire that enabled and protected the settler as slaveholder.
VALORACIÓN DE LA PREPARACIÓN VIRTUAL DE INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS EN COLOMBIA EN MARCO DE PANDEMIA COVID-19
Authors: Monterrosa-Castro Iván Javier , Ospino-Pinedo Mónica Esther , Espinel Blanca Inés
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de investigación relacionados con la preparación de las instituciones educativas para realizar actividades académicas virtuales con la calidad con que se efectuaban de forma presencial. El objetivo describe la valoración que tienen las instituciones educativas públicas desde preescolar hasta la educación media en Colombia para realizar actividades académicas virtuales en el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo aplicando una encuesta a los directivos, docentes, personal administrativo, estudiantes, padres de familia o acudientes de instituciones del objeto de estudio. La investigación permitió conocer que el 94,6%, no tiene formación virtual y piensa que se necesita mayor capacitación en el uso de nuevas tecnologías. Se concluye la hipótesis inicial, que no existe una preparación adecuada para llevar a cabo actividades académicas de tipo virtual.
LOS ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE Y LOS ESTILOS DE ENSEÑANZA EN LA CLASE DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS
Authors: Rosales Romero Annia
Published: January 2022

Uno de los temas más investigados en el mundo hoy en día es relacionado con los estilos de aprendizaje; teniendo en cuenta que los estilos de aprendizaje no son más que las diferentes vías o canales que utilizamos para percibir, analizar, decodificar e interiorizar la información. En el presente artículo se hace referencia a los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje de manera general y en particular al modelo de Programación Neurolingüística (PNL). Se presentan los diferentes canales de percepción de los estudiantes y profesores determinando el más predominante, y la relación que existe entre los estilos de aprendizaje de los profesores y los estilos de enseñanza que utilizan para impartir el contenido. Se presentan los resultados de unos instrumentos aplicados para determinar esta relación y analizar de qué manera influye en la calidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Long-term studies of mesosphere and lower-thermosphere summer length definitions based on mean zonal wind features observed for more than one solar cycle at middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Jaen Juliana , Renkwitz Toralf , Chau Jorge L. , He Maosheng , Hoffmann Peter , Yamazaki Yosuke , Jacobi Christoph , Tsutsumi Masaki , Matthias Vivien , Hall Chris
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Specular meteor radars (SMRs) and partial reflection radars (PRRs) have been observing mesospheric winds for more than a solar cycle over Germany (∼ 54∘ N) and northern Norway (∼ 69∘ N). This work investigates the mesospheric mean zonal wind and the zonal mean geostrophic zonal wind from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) over these two regions between 2004 and 2020.
Our study focuses on the summer when strong planetary waves are absent and the stratospheric and tropospheric conditions are relatively stable. We establish two definitions of the summer length according to the zonal wind reversals: (1) the mesosphere and lower-thermosphere summer length (MLT-SL) using SMR and PRR winds and (2) the mesosphere summer length (M-SL) using the PRR and MLS. Under both definitions, the summer begins around April and ends around middle September. The largest year-to-year variability is found in the summer beginning in both definitions, particularly at high latitudes, possibly due to the influence of the polar vortex. At high latitudes, the year 2004 has a longer summer length compared to the mean value for MLT-SL as well as 2012 for both definitions. The M-SL exhibits an increasing trend over the years, while MLT-SL does not have a well-defined trend. We explore a possible influence of solar activity as well as large-scale atmospheric influences (e.g., quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), major sudden stratospheric warming events). We complement our work with an extended time series of 31 years at middle latitudes using only PRR winds. In this case, the summer length shows a breakpoint, suggesting a non-uniform trend, and periods similar to those known for ENSO and QBO.
An in-hive soft sensor based on phase space features for Varroa infestation level estimation and treatment need detection
Authors: König Andreas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Bees are recognized as an indispensable link in the human food chain and general ecological system.
Numerous threats, from pesticides to parasites, endanger bees, enlarge the burden on hive keepers, and frequently lead to hive collapse.
The Varroa destructor mite is a key threat to bee keeping, and the monitoring of hive infestation levels is
of major concern for effective treatment. Continuous and unobtrusive monitoring of hive infestation levels along with other vital bee hive parameters is coveted, although there is currently no explicit sensor for this task. This problem is strikingly similar to issues such as
condition monitoring or Industry 4.0 tasks, and sensors and machine learning bear the promise of viable solutions (e.g., creating a soft sensor for the task).
In the context of our IndusBee4.0 project, following a bottom-up approach, a modular in-hive gas sensing system, denoted as BeE-Nose, based on common
metal-oxide gas sensors (in particular, the Sensirion SGP30 and the Bosch Sensortec BME680) was deployed for a substantial part of the 2020
bee season in a single colony for a single measurement campaign. The ground truth of the Varroa population size was determined by repeated conventional method application.
This paper is focused on application-specific invariant feature computation for daily hive activity characterization.
The results of both gas sensors for Varroa infestation level estimation (VILE) and automated treatment need detection (ATND), as a thresholded or two-class interpretation of VILE, in the order of up to 95 % are presented.
Future work strives to employ a richer sensor palette and evaluation approaches for several hives over a bee season.
Counter-rotating eddy pair in the Luzon Strait
Authors: Ruili Sun , Peiliang Li , Yanzhen Gu , Fangguo Zhai , Yunwei Yan , Bo Li
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Based on satellite remote sensing observation data and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) reanalysis data, we studied the counter-rotating eddy pair in the Luzon Strait (LS). Statistical analysis revealed that when an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy (AE) (cyclonic mesoscale eddy (CE)) in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) gradually approached the east side of the LS, a CE (an AE) gradually formed on the west side of the LS, and it was defined as the AE (CE) mode of the counter-rotating eddy pair in the LS. The counter-rotating eddy pair exhibited obvious seasonal variation: the AE mode mainly occurred in the summer half of the year, while the CE mode mainly occurred in the winter half of the year. The mean durations of the AE mode and CE mode were both about 70 days. Based on energy analysis and the vorticity budget equation, the dynamic mechanism of the counter-rotating eddy pair occurrence was determined to be as follows: the AE (CE) on the east side of the LS causes a positive (negative) vorticity anomaly through horizontal velocity shear on the west side of the LS and the positive (negative) vorticity anomaly is transported westward by the zonal advection of the vorticity, finally leading to the formation of the CE (AE) on the west side of the LS.
Coastal Sea Level Monitoring in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
Authors: Pérez Gómez Begoña , Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka , Međugorac Iva , Ličer Matjaž , Testut Laurent , Fraboul Claire , Marcos Marta , Abdellaoui Hassen , Álvarez Fanjul Enrique , Barbalić Darko , Casas Benjamín , Castaño-Tierno Antonio , Čupić Srđan , Drago Aldo , Fraile María Ángeles , Galliano Daniele A. , Gauci Adam , Gloginja Branislav , Martín Guijarro Víctor , Jeromel Maja , Larrad Revuelto Marcos , Lazar Ayah , Keskin Ibrahim Haktan , Medvedev Igor , Menassri Abdelkader , Meslem Mohamed A. , Mihanović Hrvoje , Morucci Sara , Niculescu Dragos , Quijano de Benito José Manuel , Pascual Josep , Palazov Atanas , Picone Marco , Raicich Fabio , Said Mohamed , Salat Jordi , Sezen Erdinc , Simav Mehmet , Sylaios Georgios , Tel Elena , Tintoré Joaquín , Zaimi Klodian , Zodiatis George
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Spanning over a century, a traditional way to monitor sea level variability by tide gauges is – in combination with modern observational techniques like satellite altimetry – an inevitable ingredient in sea level studies over the climate scales and in coastal seas. The development of the instrumentation, remote data acquisition, processing and archiving in last decades allowed for extending the applications towards a variety of users and coastal hazard managers. The Mediterranean and Black seas are an example for such a transition – while having a long tradition for sea level observations with several records spanning over a century, the number of modern tide gauge stations are growing rapidly, with data available both in real-time and as a research product at different time resolutions. As no comprehensive survey of the tide gauge networks has been carried out recently in these basins, the aim of this paper is to map the existing coastal sea level monitoring infrastructures and the respective data availability. The survey encompasses description of major monitoring networks in the Mediterranean and Black seas and their characteristics, including the type of sea level sensors, measuring resolutions, data availability and existence of ancillary measurements, altogether collecting information about 236 presently operational tide gauge stations. The availability of the Mediterranean and Black seas sea level data in the global and European sea level repositories has been also screened and classified following their sampling interval and level of quality-check, pointing to the necessity of harmonization of the data available with different metadata and series at different repositories. Finally, an assessment of the networks’ capabilities for their usage in different sea level applications has been done, with recommendations that might mitigate the bottlenecks and assure further development of the networks in a coordinated way, being that more necessary in the era of the human-induced climate changes and the sea level rise.
When Adult Learners Argue: A Preliminary Approach to Conflict in a TAFE Writing Workshop
Authors: Chang Rosey
Published: January 2022

Writers, especially beginner writers, have a tendency to identify closely with their written work. This can lead to conflict in a writing workshop situation where learners are encouraged to critique each other’s work in public. This paper presents an example of conflict in a TAFE classroom, and then discusses how adult learning principles and approaches to conflict resolution can inform our understanding of potential conflict in the adult writing workshop.
ЩОДО СТАНУ СИСТЕМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ЗМІСТУ ЇЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ
Authors: М.М. Кулєшов
Published: January 2022

В статті розглянуті питання організації захисту населених пунктів і
об’єктів від пожеж в умовах проведення адміністративно – територіальної реформи та роль і місце у цьому процесі органів управління та підрозділів державної пожежної охорони.
INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Nurkenova G. K. , Esmagulova A. A.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with one of the urgent problems of increasing the cognitive activity of students of higher education through interactive teaching methods in modern conditions. In this regard, a brief overview of the theoretical foundations of the research problem and an analysis of the results of the research work from a practical point of view is given. In particular, the article gives a general idea of interactive methods of theoretical learning, reveals its goals and principles. Methodically defined algorithm for conducting an interactive lesson. The content of each stage of the lesson is characterized. For each topic of the lesson, there is a system of intellectual tasks that contribute to the formation of critical and creative thinking skills in the process of developing mental operations and visualization, integrating ideas, etc. When presenting the new educational material of the lecture, a number of tasks were studied that contribute to the critical processing of information by students. The level of application of interactive teaching methods in the process of preparing students for pedagogical educational programs in a modern university is also empirically studied. In the course of the experimental study, the methods of observation, conversation, and questioning were used. Based on the results of the study, a model of increasing the cognitive activity of students through interactive teaching methods is developed and methodological recommendations are given.
Some Solutions to Motivate Direct Employees at Hoa Thang Private Enterprise
Authors: Khanh Ly Le Thi , Ai Tien Le Thi , Tuyen Ho Tan
Published: January 2022

This study determines the factors affecting the employee motivation at Hoa Thang Private Enterprise. The thesis uses qualitative research methods (group discussion) and quantitative research methods. The research shows that there are five positive impact on the employee motivation. Specifically, “salary, bonus and welfare” has the most positive effect, followed by “Working environment”, “Job characteristics”, “Relationship between colleagues and superiors”, and the least influential factor to the stress of supermarket employees is “Training and promotion policies”.
Delineando política de concorrência em mercados digitais para economias em desenvolvimento:
Authors: Bagnoli Vicente
Published: January 2022

O objetivo do artigo é investigar a concorrência nos mercados digitais e o papel da política de concorrência nas economias em desenvolvimento para um crescimento inclusivo e prosperidade compartilhada com ferramentas inovadoras para uma melhor aplicação da lei. Sua metodologia analisa relatórios e pesquisas internacionais. As economias em desenvolvimento devem fortalecer sua capacidade de desenhar políticas de concorrência nos mercados digitais de acordo com suas particularidades sociais e econômicas de desenvolvimento, observando o que as economias desenvolvidas vêm fazendo em seu próprio mercado. A UE tem conduzido a política de concorrência nos mercados digitais, e o Digital Markets Act e o Digital Services Act são mais duas iniciativas capazes de facilitar as economias em desenvolvimento na concepção de sua própria regulamentação nos mercados digitais. O resultado do artigo indica que não existe um formato único e, como conclusão, a experiência e os bons padrões devem ser avaliados e ajustados.
The Praise of Camp at My Abuela’s Altarcito
Authors: Alonso Antonio Eduardo
Published: January 2022

This fragment offers a close reading of the material, historical, and theological significance of the home altar of the author’s Cuban-American grandmother. A resting place for a string of religious memorabilia—from prayer books overflowing with holy cards to statues of la Virgen de la Caridad del Cobre and the Pope—it shows that that the objects that comprise the altar are deeply commodified yet irreducible to that commodification. These fragments of kitschy commodities reveal a theology practiced and embodied in and through the limitations and possibilities of culture that resists even narratives that would measure them by their lack of ability to resist the market.
Adults Only: Lee Edelman’s No Future and the Limits of Queer Critique
Authors: Ashtor Gila
Published: January 2022

The “child” occupies an exemplary status in these proliferating debates, as signifying, on the one hand, the rapid mainstreaming of gay and lesbian life and, on the other, the privileged emblem of ideological oppression. Lee Edelman’s No Future provides the theoretical infrastructure for the political-ethical position that defines queer “antinormativity” as the repudiation of social norms, and calls, specifically, for defining radical queerness as that which says No! to the “child.” This chapter introduces Laplanche’s theorization of the adult-infant relationship to problematize the easy, and by now knee-jerk, association of the “child” with normative sexuality. Although Edelman grounds the psychological legitimacy of his critique of the “child” through his application of Lacan, a close reading of the metapsychology underpinning these claims will demonstrate that the popular formulation—Child=Social/Law and (therefore) Anti-Child=Queer Subject—fundamentally misreads Lacan’s complex model of the relationship of the “Other” to “desire.” This Laplanchian critique of Lacan will demonstrate why, in spite of how bold and allegedly extreme denouncing the “child” may seem, Edelman’s attack on the figurative or hypothetical “child” actually defends and perpetuates an erotophobic relationship to sexuality.