bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a university-branded animated GIF library
Authors: Stansel Jon-Stephen
Published: July 2024

Graphics interchange format (GIFs) are the lingua franca of Twitter. They can express complex ideas and emotions that cannot fit into a Tweet, create humour and levity or add a personal touch to a reply. In higher education, we use them constantly to congratulate students when they have just been accepted, share the excitement of the school year starting or wish students luck on final exams. But why use pop culture GIFs when you can create your own university-branded ones? The University of Central Arkansas created its own library of branded GIFs and GIF stickers on GIPHY, a popular GIF-sharing platform that has generated almost 100 million GIF views in less than two years. In this paper, we will give you a tutorial on making GIFs, promoting a brand GIF library and evaluating the results.
Collateral management: Recurring issues and emerging trends
Authors: Tranquillini Andrea
Published: July 2024

The securities markets in Europe is undergoing a period of significant transformation, driven mostly by the changing regulatory landscape as a result of the Lehman collapse and the subprime crisis. The impact of this change is still being felt but the industry is reacting with new technological solutions, in a market that, over the last decade, has become increasingly global. The horizon of the main participants is now truly global and solutions are needed for a real-time, 24/7 gross settlement basis where credit is offered exclusively on a secured basis. In this framework, securities’ collateral becomes key. Different views exist on the amount of collateral needed, depending on whether we consider both the cleared and the uncleared world. The key question, however, is where to efficiently place the securities collateral needed to operate when there is still uncertainty around the existing solutions, as well as regulatory and monetary policies affecting the liquidity and the availability of the high quality collateral to be used. Target2 Securities has been created to harmonise settlement in Europe. It represents the very first infrastructural change at a pan-European level to transfer securities. How will Europe change because of this? Will the changes work for globalised financial markets and how will securities collateral be efficiently mobilised?
Issues in academic library streaming video
Authors: Farrelly Deg
Published: July 2024

The maturation of streaming video as a format for media collections and distribution in academic libraries brings with it the emergence of new and complex issues. These issues may have profound impact on the ongoing implementation of streaming video operations. This paper briefly presents, from the perspective of an experienced academic media librarian, more than a dozen issues facing academic libraries providing streaming video. Issues addressed include costs, discovery, work flow, hosting, ADA compliance, access to feature films, and the challenge of preserving collections in legacy video formats.
Estimated value realisation: A comparison between standard and adaptive business continuity approaches
Authors: Lindstedt David
Published: July 2024

The adaptive business continuity (BC) approach may provide value at least 11 times faster than historical BC approaches that are modelled on existing standards such as DRI’s Professional Practices and ANSI standard ISO 22301. By analysing the life cycle of standard BC practices as outlined in the BCI’s ‘Good Practice Guide’, estimating the hours it would take a hypothetical organisation to execute those practices, and then estimating the value gained from each practice, it is possible to calculate a time to value (TTV) based on the estimates for the two approaches. As TTV calculations are relatively new to the BC industry, this article anticipates and addresses several possible objections. The resulting calculations, while potentially subject to a wide margin of error, indicate that the adaptive BC approach is significantly faster at providing value. In some BC life-cycle phases, the TTV of an adaptive BC approach may be 18–20 times faster. These results have broad and significant implications in the preparedness industry, several of which are highlighted in the conclusion of the article.
CapacityPlus: An innovative approach for managing capacity at commercial airports
Authors: Wegner Christian M. , Arsénio José
Published: July 2024

In general, airport development plans are based on a mid and long-term forecast of passenger numbers. Dealing with an unexpected development or with short-term capacity demands presents airports with special challenges. Investment in permanent capacity expansion only makes sense if there is a long-term need for such additional capacity. On the other hand, trying to address the situation with existing infrastructure may result in an unacceptable drop in service quality and safety. In many such cases, setting up a temporary or interim airport terminal for a predefined period of time could be the answer. Innovative technologies and modern methodologies allow for such a terminal to be installed at short notice, in a very short period of time and at significantly lower costs compared with conventional implementations. Under the brand name of CapacityPlus, Siemens Infrastructure Logistics produces a variety of solutions aimed at closing short-term and interim capacity gaps.
Considering the ‘all too familiar’ : The Landlord and Tenant Act 1954: ‘Substantial work of construction’ and the role of the building surveyor
Authors: Furber John , Sullivan Christopher , King Vivien
Published: July 2024

This paper looks at the all-too-familiar landlord’s ground of opposition to a tenant’s application for a new tenancy known as ‘ground (f)’ pursuant to s30(1) of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954. Despite having been the subject of over 60 years of discussion, consideration and deliberation, the Act, and this section in particular, still trips the unwary and leads its users down a path of argument and dispute. The paper considers the familiar wording with particular emphasis on ‘substantial’, the meaning of which is for the judge in any particular case to consider against the background of the facts and circumstances of the case he or she is determining.
The operational challenges of adopting the LEI
Authors: Janssens Paul
Published: July 2024

The legal entity identifier (LEI) emerged after the financial crisis in a combined effort between the industry and public authorities. This new data standard allows regulators and market participants to better understand counterparty exposures and support risk management decisions. Until now, regulatory compliance has been a key driver for adoption. This paper highlights the operational challenges to a faster and broader adoption of the LEI across the financial industry.
A comparison of alternative airport performance measurement techniques: A European case study
Authors: Vogel Hans-Arthur , Graham Anne
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to assess the comparative performance of European airports by using a mixture of different approaches that are available to measure efficiency and productivity. The paper adopts a financial focus and considers partial factor productivity, financial ratio analysis and data envelopment analysis. A sample of 31 individual European airports and four European airport systems is used for the ten-year period beginning in 1990. This sample includes airports of varying sizes, in public, mixed public-private and fully private ownership. The research reveals differences in financial performance between the airports in terms of geographical location, airport size and ownership status.
Creating order out of chaos: Does the new market landscape created by the banking crisis strengthen the case for SEPA?
Authors: Bär Fred
Published: July 2024

The global banking crisis has diverted attention from the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA). So, is SEPA still relevant? The original SEPA vision of building a prosperous Europe, based on efficiency and competition is more valid than ever. The turmoil within financial services has created an uneven playing field, and there are winners and losers throughout European banking. Banks that invested early in SEPA have moved ahead and gained competitive advantage; late starters have fallen behind in SEPA readiness. But the arrival of SEPA provides the opportunity for all banks to rethink their business models; it offers a new dawn for the role that payments can play in European banking. On the face of it, the move to SEPA has been slow and uptake modest. But the legal framework is in place, and infrastructures have been built, though many remain underused. A detailed look at progress to date, however, suggests that the SEPA processing market is more advanced than many people realise. In this regard, payments processing is pre-empting the arrival of SEPA. What is urgently needed is an end date to force the pace. The worst-case scen­ario is a prolonged period of expensive dual running where both SEPA and legacy payment instruments must be supported. The implementation of SEPA is not a panacea for all Europe’s banking ills, but it does present an opportunity for banks to do things differently. SEPA has the potential to transform all aspects of the European payments infrastructure, including its speed, se­curity and service. Banks can adopt a fresh approach that includes new business models, partnerships and marketing channels.
Embarking on a digital journey to cater for future growth
Authors: Modigh Ulrik
Published: July 2024

Only a third of all strategic initiatives are successfully implemented. This leaves huge untapped potential that can be unleashed by rethinking the way the organisation executes on their plans. Organisations need to adapt to a new approach to ensure their strategy works to enable better choices, higher engagement and a greater impact. However, before embarking on a strategic initiative, one must acknowledge that conducting a strategic transformation is an infinite exercise of keeping up with requirements, assessing and adapting to trends and development, whilst engaging and empowering the employees. Nordea Asset Management set out on a strategic journey with the overarching vision of being ‘Client driven, Investment led and Tech enabled’. This implied investigating how to adopt modern technology principles, reduce dependencies on legacy infrastructure and free up time with employees. This, to enable the organisation to focus on application functionality, utilise cloud-native platforms, exploit elasticity and scalability of cloud computing and make data available in a structured and non-complex manner. Making applications interoperable through a robust IT infrastructure and having data sources integrated and accessible — making the vision of ‘tech enabled’ come true. Nordea Asset Management made the strategic choice of embarking on a digital transformation to accelerate growth and strategically drive the business and the organisation forward. The choice was made after considerable investigations and market research. The key to making the strategic initiative come alive was securing the ownership of the transformation with the business, the business being the driver of customer value and thereby owners of the problem to be solved. This enabled Nordea Assets Management to ensure that the solutions being built were both fit for the customer and the growth of the business, as well as for the future digital services and data solutions. With a well-designed and resilient Technology base, companies can scale efficiently and enable the organisation to deliver even more value to customers, faster, while continuously increasing the experience for employees. Engaging the individuals and igniting the vision for the future is a key trait of an organisation adapting to disruption. And a prerequisite for a successful transformation is the ability to ‘keep the lights on’, having the legacy systems working and maintaining the strong relations, while at the same time bridging the complexity and creating an environment of trust, respect and curiosity to build the future.
The Bias Time Out: A practical tool for advancing DEIB in the healthcare space
Authors: Calder Gina , Boyd Cynthia E. , Calhoun Cecelia L. , Capozzalo Gayle L. , Pollart Susan M.
Published: July 2024

‘I know my own mind. I am able to assess others in a fair and accurate way’. In the book Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People, the authors (Banaji and Greenwald) challenge us to accept the reality that bias is universal (Banaji, M. R., Greenwald, A. G., (2013), ‘Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People’, Delacorte Press, Excerpt on book cover, 272 pp). Even when fully aware of our biases, they cannot be eliminated. This paper posits that the focus is less about eliminating bias and more about increasing self-awareness and learning about ourselves and the biases we hold but cannot see. Addressing negative bias in healthcare is about adapting our behaviours and decisions to minimise and control the harmful consequences of bias. In this paper, the authors provide examples and scenarios demonstrating bias and strategies to increase self-awareness and focus on behaviours, institutional practices, policies, systems and structures that perpetuate and reinforce bias and its adverse effects. They discuss how to mitigate and manage these biases by utilising the Bias Time Out. The Bias Time Out is a framework that provides a stepwise method that lends itself to easy adoption, application and translation while establishing a process to manage and control bias in real time. Healthcare organisations, systems and oversight bodies all play an important and central role in improving and transforming health, equity and the lives of patients, communities and the nation. Recognising and accepting this role is crucial in managing the negative and deleterious outcomes of bias and the structural and institutional forms of discrimination lurking just beneath the surface.
The protection of personal data according to the civil and criminal Moroccan laws in light of jurisprudence
Authors: Gaagouch Anass
Published: July 2024

With the growing dependence on information technology for personal data processing and the diverse activities requiring data use, risks to privacy have increased. Violations are more prevalent in the computer age. In this regard, the study of the protection of personal data, as formulated, has both theoretical and practical importance. This paper aims to analyse two aspects of personal data protection within Moroccan law. It encompasses civil protection based on civil liability rules, and penal protection as guaranteed by the Moroccan Penal Code. Taking into account Moroccan judicial practice and jurisprudence in this field and incorporating insights from over 28 relevant judgments, this analysis will be conducted independently of the provisions of Law No. 09-08 governing privacy and data protection. It also considers the widespread use of the Civil Code and Penal Code by Moroccan courts as foundations in matters involving personal data protection.
Expert networks, alternative data and managing risks of material non-public information
Authors: Lundy James G. , Nelson Margaret Gembala , Mccaughey Bill
Published: July 2024

Expert networks and alternative data providers can be sources of invaluable information with which to make investment decisions, and they can play an important role in maximising returns from financial markets, but with the use of the sophisticated information they provide comes certain risks of regulatory scrutiny and even potential investigation for insider trading. However, a well-designed compliance programme can be tailored to monitor for, prevent, and detect red flags to avoid investigations and charges by financial enforcement authorities. Due diligence, the establishment of proper policies and procedures, and adherence to best practices will make the difference, not only in avoiding prohibited trading but in ameliorating the potential consequences if allegations of illegal behaviour arise. Financial advisers looking for an edge are well advised, themselves, to understand the risks and prepare against them.
Achieving hospital/physician alignment and standardised care for emergency surgery: The new model for acute care surgery
Authors: Owens Leon J.
Published: July 2024

Hospitals today must find ways to build hospital/physician alignment throughout the facility in order to achieve the goal of quality care, standardised according to best practices. The pressures of pay for performance, accountable care and population health management demand that hospitals optimise their clinical services and efficiency in every service line. The area of emergency surgery is no exception. A hospital that is able to improve patient outcomes, reduce complications and effectively manage length of stay for its emergency surgeries is better positioned to capture more of its patient demographic. The hospital's most at-risk patient group receives standardised care according to best practices and practice management guidelines 24/7, ensuring high-quality care and better performance outcomes for the hospital. At the same time, continuous quality improvement initiatives touch multiple hospital departments, raising the bar on performance throughout the facility. As a result of this quest for improvement, a new model for acute care surgery has been developed, consisting of the application of the clinical standards that have been so successful in upgrading trauma care, applied to other acute care surgery settings; surgical hospitalists organised into teams of surgeons based in the hospital 24/7; expansion of these surgery teams to cover trauma, orthopaedics and acute care surgeries; development of site-specific best practices standards; and collaboration with all departments in the hospital to raise the bar on performance and efficiency. Recent research shows the results that these new programmes are achieving in hospitals ranging from the academic medical centre to the community hospital. Metrics document improved patient outcomes, reductions in complications, reduced length of stay, appropriate Case Mix Index due to better documentation and decreased cost per case. Better coordination of care and communication with patients and families from these programmes also positively influences patient satisfaction. There are now 18 fully accredited American Association for the Surgery of Trauma fellowship programmes focusing on the acute care surgery track, a major step forwards to formalise the specialty of acute care surgery in the profession of medicine. This paper examines the challenges to achieving standardised care for emergency surgeries, describes the new model, examines the research on its results and outlines how these results will impact the overall hospital performance.
Pandora’s box? The promise and peril of branded content partnerships
Authors: Daun Winfried , Schäfer Sven
Published: July 2024

Branded content has long been an essential instrument in Marketing’s toolkit, as it allows companies to inform and entertain and, most importantly, engage their audiences in ways that traditional advertising rarely does. While proprietary content activities require organisations to invest heavily into editorial resources and processes, the co-creation of content with an established publishing brand is an alternative approach that many brands have started utilising in the past few years. These branded content partnerships, often referred to as native advertising, offer considerable benefits, including the content credibility of a legacy editorial brand, as well as its storytelling, production and distribution capabilities. Journalists and researchers alike have emphasised the risks posed by such a collaboration, as it threatens to blur the boundary between editorial and advertising content and lead to an audience’s negative perception of both content sponsor and editorial partner. Much less attention has been paid to the operational challenges that brand practitioners are faced with when producing branded content, particularly when partnering with a media house. On the basis of more than a dozen bespoke native content projects developed with leading editorial brands such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and Bloomberg, this paper summarises potential pitfalls along the entire value chain, from original content development to questions of brand visibility and editorial support to active promotion and distribution of the content. In light of the increasingly broad creative offering from media houses and their direct collaboration with advertising clients, the paper concludes by investigating potential risks of disintermediation posed to traditional creative and media planning agencies.
Alumni participation in an online COVID-19 course for first-year and transfer students
Authors: Kibble Danny , Jones Jennie , Wilson Anne M.
Published: July 2024

College and university responses to the exceptional challenges of COVID-19 have varied from institution to institution. Utilising alumni and their disciplinary expertise in the delivery of course content is an underexploited form of alumni engagement. This paper describes significant alumni participation in an online course delivered in the summer prior to new students, first years and transfers, arriving on campus. We have also included student perception of the alumni modules and alumni reflection on their involvement in the course.
Connecting the pages: Aligning online course development with academic professional development for student success in online learning
Authors: Lloyd Clare , Herb Annika , Kilmister Michael
Published: July 2024

Reflecting on the experience of designing and implementing a fully online degree at scale intended for a global student body, the authors propose that online course design is an important but under-considered form of educational development practice that enhances student success. Through the collaborative practice, professional and academic staff developed skills in digital pedagogy knowledge, digital literacy, presentation skills, learning management system and platform-specific course facilitation, embedding accessibility and writing for online delivery. Embedding professional development in online course design imparted a holistic understanding of learning, contributing to student success in online learning. Those involved in developing educator capacity and online learning in higher education will find value in this paper, including educator developers, learning designers, educational technologists, teaching academics and administrators.
Liquidity risk premium in costing of equity capital
Authors: Editorial Board Member
Published: July 2024

Return-on-equity (R-o-E) is a broadly adopted financial performance measure used to comparatively assess financial returns on equity deployed, providing a consistent revenue measure across different risk enterprises. This paper reviews some of the assumptions inherent in modern financial theory which underlie the use of R-o-E metrics. One key to such an hypothesis is an assumed ergodic behaviour of the risk enterprise. A failure of ergodic behaviour to hold leads to a required adjustment to the R-o-E metric in order to circumvent pro-cyclical risk consequences.
New ideas and techniques to improve regional airport operational efficiency and profitability in the current economic and regulatory climate
Authors: Ingledew Karen
Published: July 2024

Since the start of the economic downturn, worldwide regional airports have had to face real challenges in order to ensure that they can survive. As 2010 also looks to be a challenging year for regional airports, what new ideas and techniques are available to ensure long-term success and sustainability? This paper offers some new ideas and suggestions as to where airport senior managers may seek to improve profitability.
How to stop attackers from owning your Active Directory
Authors: Crandall Carolyn , Cole Tony
Published: July 2024

More than 90 per cent of organisations use Active Directory (AD) as their identity management system, which serves as a master directory and the means to control access to enterprise services. Its central role in governing user identity and authentication means AD is a primary target for threat actors. Compromising AD means attackers can access the most critical systems and assets on the network or gain administrator privileges to take over the domain. Many traditional security solutions will not notice this activity because the user account appears to be operating within the scope of its privileged access rights. The tactics the attackers use can evade traditional detection systems since they are not designed to detect credential theft, privilege escalation and lateral movement. Identity visibility solutions reduce the attack surface by identifying exposed credentials, domain controller vulnerabilities and cloud overprovisioning. Identity detection and response (IDR) solutions add detection of attempts to exploit AD and credential protection from theft and misuse. This paper will discuss how threat actors attack and exploit AD, and what organisations can do to protect their AD environments.
Identifying aggregated purchasing opportunities
Authors: Darrah Ross , Orange Matthew
Published: July 2024

The New Zealand public health sector comprises 20 independent District Health Boards (DHBs), all of which face significant funding challenges. To mitigate these challenges, the New Zealand Government launched a National Procurement Service under the umbrella of healthAlliance (hA) to aggregate the purchasing of the DHBs across common categories to drive cost reductions. This paper examines the challenges faced and lessons learned as hA endeavoured to do so. It focuses on hA's pursuit of reliable baseline data, the importance of stakeholder engagement and the limits placed on aggregation by the need for variability and competitive tension. As hA's experience illustrates, understanding aggregated purchasing in a healthcare context creates the potential to achieve best value while delivering results aligned with customer expectations and clinical needs.
From optimisation to resilience: The changing nature of the risk reward conversation as seen through Westpac's capital and liquidity management policies
Authors: Bosworth Ed , Rich Tony
Published: July 2024

This paper describes three insights into the use of risk-measurement models that further enhance the risk-management processes at Westpac: (1) Optimisation opportunities apparently on offer from advanced Basel II models led to the formalisation of a robust challenge process for risk models and the recognition that risk-model outcomes are best thought of as hypotheses that should be continually tested; (2) The recognition that stress testing would not capture ‘unknown unknowns’ strengthened consideration of unquantifiable risks; (3) Finally, the experience from the global financial crisis that continual access to wholesale funding markets could not be assumed deepened the understanding of the role risk models play in maintaining market confidence. Each of these insights tilted the emphasis in discussions at Westpac about enhanced risk measurement from optimisation to resilience.
Quantitative easing: Implications for bond market volatility
Authors: Editorial Board Member (Anonymous)
Published: July 2024

Macro-economic crisis management has undergone a remarkable evolution since the 2008 credit crisis, with central banks playing an increasingly activist role. Consequently, and in a globally coordinated way, traditional monetary policy norms have been set aside in favour of unorthodox balance-sheet measures of very significant proportions. The impact on sovereign bond markets has led to anomalously low long-term yields as this activism is systematically suppressing risk premia. The potential for future bond market volatility should central banks step back their bond buying programmes is a major risk management issue facing financial institutions.
The impact of cognitive, affective and social antecedents on system characteristics and their influence on proxy payments adoption
Authors: Dharurkar Neha Vivek , Patil Kanchan , Mahadevan Balakrishnan
Published: July 2024

This study explores the cognitive, social and affective factors influencing the adoption of proxy payments, and seeks to identify the reasons for and resistance to their adoption. The study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) with other cognitive, social and affective factors and proposes a research model for proxy payments adoption intentions. The model was empirically tested using 336 survey responses, and the data analysed using structured equation modelling. We found that the constructs of TAM significantly influenced the adoption intention of proxy payments. Cognitive factors such as mobility, responsiveness, security and transaction stress were observed to significantly influence perceived usefulness and ease of use, and factors such as mobility and responsiveness were observed to influence perceived ease of use. In addition, all the affective factors were seen to influence the perceived ease of use significantly, without influencing usefulness. Perceived usefulness was also significantly influenced by constructs such as perceived ease of use and social influence. The study of these constructs is of great significance for stakeholders such as payment system operators, banks, merchants, issuers, acquirers, device manufacturers and governments. This model can be leveraged in different countries planning proxy payments so that digital payments using proxy payments get a wider acceptance. In addition, FinTech entities across the globe may evaluate the factors identified in this paper to develop innovative and useful offerings to increase proxy payments adoption.
Cross-border fund distribution operations: Making investment funds easily accessible to global investors — A wake up call
Authors: Chaker Sebastien
Published: July 2024

This paper looks at the disappointing progress made in terms of processing efficiencies in the cross-border funds industry despite more than a decade of heavy investment in this field. It aims to identify the main reasons why so little progress has been made over these years, why so many Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) funds’ investors and distributors have not embraced the automation solutions that they were offered and what the risks for the UCITS industry could be if it does not improve the way UCITS funds are accessed by their global and diverse investor base. The paper aims to challenge the way the industry has tackled this problem until now and proposes new options and ways to solve the automation challenge faced by the industry.
Customising generative AI: Harnessing document retrieval and fine-tuning alternatives for dynamic marketing insights
Authors: Crisp Dakota , Newsted Jacob , Kirouac Brendon , Barnes Danielle , Hayes Catherine , Prantner Jonathan
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the transformative impact of leveraging large language models (LLMs) in marketing analytics, particularly emphasising a paradigm shift from fine-tuning models to the strategic application of document retrieval techniques and more. Focusing on innovative methods, such as retrieval augmented generation and low-rank adaptation, the paper explores how marketers can now activate against vast and unstructured datasets, such as call centre transcripts, unlocking valuable insights that were previously overlooked. By harnessing the power of document retrieval and adaptation, marketers can bring their data to life, enabling a more nuanced and adaptive approach to understanding consumer behaviour and preferences. This research contributes to the evolving landscape of applied marketing analytics by demonstrating the efficacy of document retrieval in enhancing the utilisation of LLMs for dynamic and data-driven marketing strategies.
Reducing complexity in cyber security architecture: A practical model for security classifications
Authors: Richter Eleni
Published: July 2024

Building and running cyber security in both worlds, modern cloud security in combination with legacy on premises, introduces extra complexity. Some of the well-known security patterns and models are not applicable in cloud systems, while modern security models like zero trust (ZT) barely fit into legacy systems. Security technologies and tools are the subject of constant enhancements and adaptions to their environment. They can make security decisions on a very fine-grained basis. The corresponding rule sets and policies are becoming more and more decentralised, detailed and complex. Introducing modern security models such as ZT or micro-perimeter enforces the effect. The overall situation makes it hard for the responsible person to control the cyber security situation and the staff operating cyber security systems and technologies. Both are overwhelmed by the mass of fine-grained, fragmented and distributed security workloads. This paper introduces a practical model for security classifications in cyber security environments. The main goal of the model is to reduce complexity and keep cyber environments manageable. The model delivers not only a cyber risk classification regarding a single business application but works as an integrated view over risks for complete cyber environments.
Ethical online advertising: Choosing the right tools for online brand safety
Authors: Hemmings Mike
Published: July 2024

No brand owner wants their ad turning up next to unsavoury online content. With the automated daily delivery of trillions of ad impressions across the open web, brands and agencies rely on systems and tools to ensure their ad is being placed in the most appropriate contexts. Unfortunately, in the last 25 years of programmatic advertising, the tools that we rely on to protect brands have not always kept up with our desire and ability to safely spread our brand message far and wide. Tools such as keyword blocklists were once the de facto method for managing correct placement. Recently, however, media coverage on the blocking of COVID-19, progressive content and even small-scale scandals have shown how inefficient these antiquated tools can be. Blocklists use single terms to define suitability, which in turn generates broad-brushstroke stereotyping, impacting scale and accuracy of ad placement. As well as missed opportunities and poor ad placement decisioning, this type of binary approach to safety disproportionately impacts progressive content. By featuring them and the tools that act on them, brands can limit consumer exposure to valued content by defunding the publishers giving voice to these potentially progressive topics. Thankfully, there are now better ways to manage brand safety online. Contextual brand suitability tools disregard single terms and instead ascertain relevance on the basis of an understanding and appreciation of more nuanced contexts. There are several steps any brand or agency can take to begin to evolve their brand safety strategy. These steps are an important part of the journey to increase online safety while also ensuring we are not our own blocker to safer, smarter and progressive approaches to online ad placement decisions.
Customers love your use of marketing data … not!
Authors: Rogers Bruce H.
Published: July 2024

This opinion piece describes the need for the marketing analytics community to focus on using data to better serve customers, rather than extracting data to optimise marketing messaging.
Towards a European electronic invoicing framework: Why businesses, service providers and consumers should switch to e-invoicing
Authors: Caluwaerts Philippe
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the market potential of electronic invoicing, which is expected to transform the way business and consumers exchange their bills in the coming years. When defining electronic invoicing, the paper explains why it is important to look beyond the pure exchange of electronic invoicing (e-invoicing in a strict sense), as most of the benefits for enterprises are expected from the full integration and automation of the purchase-to-pay cycle (e-invoicing in a broad sense). These benefits, which include cost savings for enterprises, time savings and additional convenience for consumers, could in a scenario of mass adoption bring considerable benefits to the EU economy as a whole. After describing the current highly fragmented e-invoicing servicing landscape, with many providers competing on a wide variety of business models, the paper analyses why uptake of electronic invoicing has been modest up to now. In what follows, it develops what is ongoing at EU level to promote the uptake of electronic invoicing with particular attention to the proposed recommendations of the European Expert Group, which could create a European Electronic Invoicing Framework, where electronic invoices are legally accepted by all VAT authorities and can be exchanged in a cheap and easy way between trading parties throughout the EU. The paper explains why we are at the doorstep of this vision. First of all, a new regulatory framework is on its way, which will ensure equal treatment between paper and electronic invoices; second, the development of an international standard is proceeding; and third, initiatives to further promote interoperability between systems are emerging, ensuring that all trading parties will be enabled to reach each other. The paper closes by addressing the opportunities for service providers and banks for making e-invoicing the dominant way of exchanging bills, especially by focusing on the segment of small and medium enterprises.
Surviving ransom driven DDoS extortion campaigns
Authors: Newman Sean
Published: July 2024

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks continue to increase, in size, frequency and sophistication, causing disruption that can leave a significant impact on the bottom line for businesses that are targeted. Even more insidiously, is the increase in ransom demands being made, with the threat of massive DDoS driven disruption and damage promised for those who do not pay. This article discusses why it is now easier than ever for cybercriminals to launch such attacks, with relative impunity. It also provides advice on what to do if confronted with Ransom DDoS and how to effectively defend against the effects of such attacks, so you can rest easy if you happen to receive one of these demands.
How to leverage calls to action to simultaneously improve user experience and conversions
Authors: Obiedzinski Mariah , Guetschow Kelsey
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses digital call-to-action (CTA) strategies cross-industry organisations can use to improve their customers’ experiences and boost their own conversions. The examples provided can help marketing professionals learn how to prepare and execute data-driven CTA strategies to successfully reach the right people at the right time with digital content and simultaneously help them achieve conversion goals. Through thoughtful research, real-world examples and data analysis, this paper explores how organisations can formulate an effective user experience strategy to maximise conversions and enhance customer experience.
Suspense and a sports league’s brand revitalisation: Initiatives of the PGA Tour
Authors: Fortunato John
Published: July 2024

Suspense when witnessing sports games is predicated and enhanced by outcome uncertainty, a rooting interest and awareness of the consequences that result from the competition. Having these suspense dimensions present produces an emotional experience that heightens audience interest and motivates the behaviour that leads to economic opportunities for a sports league. At times, brands need to reposition and revitalise themselves to construct new relevance that can affect consumers’ knowledge, interest and appreciation of the brand. This essay argues that a sports league’s brand revitalisation needs to be driven by creating the conditions for the audience to experience suspense. A sports league can create suspense through its competitive system, its brand availability and its approach to gambling. The actual initiatives of one sports league are examined to demonstrate how suspense is being created. The Professional Golf Association (PGA) Tour is profiled because it introduced several initiatives to create the conditions for the audience to experience suspense.
Marketing, communities of colour and the consequences of fast foods
Authors: Johnson Richard Greggory , Imparato Nicholas
Published: July 2024

Within the USA, the marketing of some of the worst, most health-endangering products in the modern age, including menthol tobacco, fast food and sugary drinks, has been conspicuously targeted at non-white communities. Campaigns of this sort have contributed to an epidemic of tobacco addiction and severe overweight among youth of colour. It is upon this premise that this paper critically examines the impact and influence that advertisements play in the mental and physical health of non-white communities within the USA. The paper first provides an overview of the disruptive forces shaping modern marketing. It then addresses the specifics of multicultural marketing and the biases that have a stronghold in communities of colour throughout the USA. The paper concludes with policy implications for the issues discussed.
Difficult decisions in uncertain times: AI and automation in commercial lending
Authors: Hunter Sean , Güzey Onur
Published: July 2024

Progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation has improved many parts of financial services. These techniques have struggled, however, to make inroads in many areas of commercial lending, largely because of the relative unavailability of sufficient data. Traditional techniques of extrapolation from historical data are also inadequate in times of significant disruption (such as the COVID-19 pandemic). In this paper we discuss these challenges and present techniques such as driver analysis, nowcasting and the use of AI to enable granular subsector classification and forecasting. These allow greater use of data-driven AI-augmented decision making even where full decision automation is not necessarily possible or desirable. Finally, we examine the case study of OakNorth Bank in the UK, which has used these techniques to achieve very promising results since its launch in 2015.
Neighbourly matters: Is it time to underpin (and build on) the proven effectiveness of The Party Wall etc. Act 1996?
Authors: Audsley James
Published: July 2024

Although it is generally highly effective, one of the main problems with The Party Wall etc Act 1996 (the ‘Act’) is that it has no jurisdiction over works that are not ‘notifiable’ under the Act. This can leave those living near developments involving non-notifiable elements (including some basement extensions and extensive strip-out works) with little redress against those causing sometimes horrendous disturbance. The ‘Subterranean Development Bill’ addressed some of the issues but is unlikely to reach the statute books, strengthening the case to revise the Act to encompass many of the Bill's proposals. But could notifiable works be expanded still further to encompass work generally likely to cause damage and/or noise, dust and vibration? Further, could the Act's framework be broadened (or similarly-modelled legislation be introduced) to provide new rights of access over third party land — including rights for crane oversailing and scaffold access — for general development work (subject to making fair payment according to a set fee scale)? Currently ransom payments in return for access over neighbouring land are not uncommon. Building on the Act's proven framework could address current shortcomings but there can be little doubt that proposals to reform, particular regarding third party access, would provoke interesting debate.
Exposure exchange agreements among multilateral development banks for sovereign exposures: An innovative risk management tool
Authors: Belhaj Riadh , Baroudi Merli , Fiess Norbert , Olivera Jonas Campino De , Sperling Frank , Turner Tim
Published: July 2024

Until now, multilateral development banks (MDBs) have had only limited options to manage concentration risk: they either had to reduce lending to countries with high concentration, or allocate additional capital to cover the related concentration risk, the latter potentially requiring capital increases. The ability to exchange exposures between MDBs via exposure exchange agreements (EEA) represents an important innovation in risk management for the entire MDB community as it substantially improves the collective financial capacity and development effectiveness of the MDB community. After two years of development, the framework for exchanging exposure between MDBs was approved by the Boards of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) in November 2015 and the first three MDB EEA transactions were signed between these institutions on 15th December, 2015. This paper provides the financial rationale behind exchanging exposure between MDBs and outlines key elements of the framework.
Developing an ontological explosion knowledge base for business continuity planning purposes
Authors: Mohammadfam Iraj , Kalatpour Omid , Golmohammadi Rostam , Khotanlou Hasan
Published: July 2024

Industrial accidents are among the most known challenges to business continuity. Many organisations have lost their reputation following devastating accidents. To manage the risks of such accidents, it is necessary to accumulate sufficient knowledge regarding their roots, causes and preventive techniques. The required knowledge might be obtained through various approaches, including databases. Unfortunately, many databases are hampered by (among other things) static data presentations, a lack of semantic features, and the inability to present accident knowledge as discrete domains. This paper proposes the use of Protégé software to develop a knowledge base for the domain of explosion accidents. Such a structure has a higher capability to improve information retrieval compared with common accident databases. To accomplish this goal, a knowledge management process model was followed. The ontological explosion knowledge base (EKB) was built for further applications, including process accident knowledge retrieval and risk management. The paper will show how the EKB has a semantic feature that enables users to overcome some of the search constraints of existing accident databases.
What are (payment) intermediaries good for?
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the question of whether computer code could actually substitute for intermediaries, as proponents of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and decentralised finance would argue. Drawing on transaction-cost economics, the paper reviews the role of intermediaries as efficient platforms for the exchange of information, goods and payments. The generic advantage of centralised coordination is compared with the narrative that DLT and decentralised finance could substitute for intermediaries due to their efficiency advantages and the promise of lower costs. The positivist question ‘cui bono?’ can be applied as a litmus test of these normative narratives in comparison with existing systems. As proposed concepts ‘without’ intermediaries introduce other intermediaries by the backdoor and no system runs without transaction costs of some sort, the paper concludes that intermediaries cannot be simply replaced.
The last-minute approach to terminal commissioning: Case study of Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport
Authors: Kunsch Christian , Krein Dennis
Published: July 2024

The successful opening of a new terminal requires the completion of two key elements: operational readiness prior to opening, and a well planned and managed transition phase. This paper provides insight into the challenges associated with commissioning new terminals, especially when time is in short supply. It describes the last-minute operational readiness and transition approach developed by Hochtief AirPort, the airport management firm. This procedure was first implemented when Warsaw Airport's new terminal began operating in spring 2008.