bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors in the development of primitive society in the prehistory
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Gladkikh M.I. , Ryzhov S.M. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: January 2022

The paper considers the problem of interaction between nature and primitive society in early prehistory in terms of an adaptive model. In Ukrainian historical science there was not enough attention to studying the problems of cultural adaptation to the environment. The authors offer the model of development of the behavior of hunters-gathered on the example of neighboring geographic regions, which were under pressure from various natural and climatic conditions: Central Europe during the last interglacial and territory of modern Ukraine during the last glacial. During the last interglacial of the Pleistocene in the Palaeolithic sites of Central Europe the characteristic features of cultural adaptation of Homo Sapiens are traced. First of all, they are found in the choice of place of residence, in the specialization of animal hunting, in the use of raw materials and in separate manifestations of material and spiritual culture. On the Upper Palaeolithic sites of the territory of Ukraine during the last glacial the composition of faunal remains reflects not so much the environment as the direction of its economic activity. The richness of the fauna, on the one hand, opened opportunities for progress in the extensive development of the economy, and on the other - specialized hunting contributed to a fuller exploitation of the surrounding area, the use of ancient ecological niches. The nature of the interaction of economic and cultural type and historical and ethnographic community determines the specific features of the material culture of Paleolithic society. The following actual materials are indicated on the flexibility of hominins in various natural and geographical conditions of Central and Eastern Europe, which eventually provided in the historical prospect of the widespread settlement of humanity throughout the world. Keywords: cultural adaptation, primitive society, environmental, hunter-gatherers, glacial, interglacial.
The earliest evidence for dwelling construction in the Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Europe: a 30,000-year-old surface structure from Mira layer I
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Stepanchuk V.N.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is to present data on the surface structure identified in the upper layer of the Mira site in the Dnieper valley. The occupation of layer I, based on a set of consistent data, constitutes the remains of a seasonal winter camp of Pleistocene horse hunters. Ten available radiocarbon dates place the calibrated age of layer I between 31,000 to 28,000 cal BP. The rapid albeit gentle overlapping of the settlement remains with alluvial sediments ensured that the original settlement and dwelling patterns and their elements survived well. Thanks to this, it is possible to reconstruct some significant aspects of the construction process, as well as details of the arrangement of the dwelling’s interior space. A 30,000-year-old, permanent skeleton cylindrical yaranga type surface construction from Mira layer I is currently representing the oldest dwelling known in the Upper Palaeolithic of Ukraine and a broader context of the steppe zone of the East European plain. Keywords: Upper Palaeolithic, surface dwelling, Eastern Europe
El síndrome de burnout y sus consecuencias en la salud mental. Una propuesta de operacionalización para su estudio
Authors: García Rodríguez Reynier , Zambrano Ubillus Roberth , Villafuerte García Karina Yadira , Andaluz Granda Mauricio
Published: January 2022

La sociedad demanda profesionales preparados, capacitados, poseedores de valores; además de una adecuada salud mental. El Instituto Superior Universitario Portoviejo, propuso un proyecto de investigación de tema: Alternativas de desafíos contra el síndrome Burnout. Una propuesta de mejoramiento para la salud mental y emocional dirigida a los profesionales de diversos ámbitos, con un alcance de dos años, que se cumplen en 2022. La propuesta es innovadora, pertinente, actual y contextualizada, que responde a las necesidades de la provincia y del cantón. El objetivo fue: Proponer un sistema de acciones encaminado a la prevención del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud, a partir de la operacionalización del síndrome de burnout como variable de estudio. Se aplicó una metodología para un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal en 200 trabajadores del área de la salud; los que se hallaron sensiblemente afectados: agotamiento físico y mental, falta de motivación absoluta, sensibilidad a la crítica, pérdida de energía, descenso en la productividad laboral y estrés. En la teoría hubo divergencia de las opiniones, considerándose el síndrome de burnout como una patología mental crónica y/o aguda, la investigación permitió valorarla como aguda, en tanto se intervenga en pos de la salud mental. Finalmente el objetivo fue cumplido, al proyectar acciones en forma de sistema encaminado a la prevención del síndrome de burnout en los trabajadores de la salud. Como conclusión, se arribó a una propuesta innovadora de operacionalización del síndrome de burnout como variable de investigación.
Autocuidado y parto humanizado en adolescentes
Authors: Choez Vanessa , Lucas Choez Mercedes María
Published: January 2022

El parto humanizado es una práctica donde las usuarias tienen total libertad para poder tomar decisiones oportunas con respecto a las posiciones y evitar el sufrimiento durante el proceso de parto; es un patrón que genera un momento especial y único, cuyo protagonista principal recae sobre las parturientas. El objetivo fue: Determinar el autocuidado y parto humanizado en las adolescentes que acuden al Hospital Básico de Jipijapa, desde el punto de vista del personal de enfermería. Se aplico una metodología para un estudio descriptivo, analítico no experimental, histórico-lógico. Como métodos empíricos se utilizó la encuesta dirigida a los profesionales de enfermería del área de Ginecología y centro obstétrico quirúrgico, quienes son los responsables del cuidado directo a las gestantes adolescentes antes, durante y después del parto. La investigación permitió identificar que la educación de enfermería influye positivamente en el autocuidado, durante el parto humanizado y permite a la adolescente escoger la posición más adecuada para dar a luz según sus creencias. Los indicadores de investigación fueron: Educación y autocuidado del personal de enfermería en la atención del parto humanizado; la posición más utilizada en el parto humanizado de la gestante adolescente; calidez y compañía brindada por el personal de enfermería durante el parto; valoración inicial de enfermería; frecuencia de las charlas educativas.
Riesgo de la Salud Ocupacional en el Teletrabajo Docente
Authors: Maza Santos Eliana Hilaish , Loor Cedeño Luís Adrián , Tomalá León Marilyn Liliana , Delgado Molina Jaqueline Beatriz
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal identificar los riesgos de la salud ocupacional en el teletrabajo docente, es un estudio de tipo descriptivo de cohorte transversal, donde la población universa de estudio fueron los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí con un total de 76 docentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 67 docentes, 39 de la carrera de Enfermería y 28 de la carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, los criterios de Inclusión fueron: personal docente que se encuentre realizando teletrabajo, personal que tenga intenciones de participar y contestar el cuestionario, y los de exclusión: Personal que no desee participar respondiendo el cuestionario.  Las variables estuvieron determinadas por: Riesgo de la Salud Ocupacional (Dependiente) y Teletrabajo (Independiente). Los resultados de la investigación se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de encuestas online los cuales fueron tabulados en el programa de Excel para luego ser presentados en tablas estadísticas con sus respectivos análisis, interpretación y discusión. Además, se realizó una entrevista a un experto en salud ocupacional. Los principales resultados de la investigación mostraron que la mayoría de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud evidencian riesgos en la salud ocupacional producto al teletrabajo.
Representasi Tindak Tutur Ekspresif pada Podcast Mahasiswa UEU Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SD
Authors: Syah Ezik Firman
Published: January 2022

Tuturan tidak sopan sering terjadi pada siswa SD saat berbincang dengan guru, orang tua, dan sesama temannya. Hal tersebut perlu adanya media pembelajaran untuk dijadikan sarana belajar siswa SD untuk berbicara sopan yang bisa diaplikasikan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SD. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui representasi tindak tutur ekspresif pada podcast mahasiswa Universitas Esa Unggul dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik dan dijadikan alternatif bahan ajar mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SD. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis isi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian berkaitan dengan episode ke satu sampai episode tiga puluh satu maka ditemukannya (1) tindak tutur ekspresif ucapan terima kasih sebanyak 31 episode (2) tindak tutur ekspresif mengkritik sebanyak 6 episode (3) tindak tutur ekspresif mengeluh sebanyak 3 episode (4) tindak tutur ekspresif menyalahkan sebanyak 3 epiosode (5) tindak tutur ekspresif memuji sebanyak 18 episode (6) tindak tutur ekspresif meminta maaf sebanyak 31 episode (7) dan tindak tutur ekspresif menyindir sebanyak 9 episode. Tuturan ekspresif yang ditemukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tuturan podcast mahasiswa Universitas Esa Unggul masih memenuhi tuturan norma-norma kesantunan berbahasa, sehingga bisa dijadikan alternatif bahan ajar bahasa Indonesia untuk siswa SD.
Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Google Classroom Pada Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas IV-B SDN Kembangan Utara 012 Petang
Authors: Purnamasari Sintyia , Adzima Khaola Rachma
Published: January 2022

This study aims to see the relationship between the use of Google Classroom on learning outcomes in mathematics at SDN Kembangan Utara 012 Petang. This research is a quantitative research using survey method. The population in this study were students of class IV-B SDN Kembangan Utara 012 Evening, totaling 30 students. The data collection technique used in this research is in the form of a questionnaire by distributing it through Google Form. This questionnaire was conducted to identify the relationship between Google Classroom and mathematics learning outcomes. The results of the research calculations with the partial test obtained tcount = 3.649 > ttable 2.042 with a significance of 0.000 <0.05, the result is that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of Google Classroom on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade IV-B students at SDN Kembangan Utara 012 evening with a coefficient of determination of 67.8% while the remaining 32.2% is connected by other variables outside the study.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Fluorinated Benzyl Ethers as Alternate Protecting Groups for Enhanced NMR Resolution in Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Ntai M Khoabane  , Elizabeth J Grayson  , Alan M Kenwright  , Manoharan K Pillai
Published: January 2022

Oligosaccharides have been playing an important role in biological systems. Synthesis of oligosaccharides requires the protection from hydroxyl groups present in the corresponding monosaccharide units. The existing methods of protection have drawbacks, including formation of anomeric mixtures, change in hydrophilicity or lipophilicity and solubility of the products, participation of the protecting groups in the reactions of the core of monosaccharide units, problems associated with chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and overall stereochemical outcomes of reactions. Additionally, there has been a spectral overlap of these protecting groups with carbohydrate core, which yielded more complex spectra. Therefore, the identification and synthesis of suitable alternative protecting groups have received attention in the oligosaccharide synthesis. The objective of the present study was to synthesize various fluorinated benzyl ethers of methyl-α-D-mannopyronoside and to evaluate these ethers as the alternative protecting groups for enhancing NMR resolution in the oligosaccharide synthesis. Various fluorinated benzyl ethers of methyl-α-D-mannopyronoside were prepared through the reaction of methyl-α-D-mannopyronoside with various fluorinated benzyl bromides by using Williamson ether synthesis method. Spectral analysis of these fluorinated benzyl ethers showed that the peaks of methylene carbons shifted to a value of 10-20 parts per million (ppm) to a high field region in the 13C NMR, compared to the non-fluorinated benzyl ether. As a result, the spectral complexity decreased and enhanced the spectral resolution. In this study, we concluded that fluorinated benzyl ethers could be a suitable alternative to the non-fluorinated benzyl ethers to protect the hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides in the synthesis of oligosaccharides.
Microneedling Radiofrequency for Acne Vulgaris and Post-Acne Scarring: A Case Report
Authors: Yossy Vesri , Wydya Yenny  , Lilik Norawati
Published: January 2022

Background: There are various therapeutic modalities for acne and post acne scarring, but the best option is to have a safe, effective with affordable cost such as monotherapy or combination therapy. One of the recommended combination therapy for acne vulgaris with atrophic acne scars is microneedling radiofrequency which can improve skin structure.

Case report: A 25 year old male with moderate comedonal acne vulgaris and severe scarring. The patient came with complaints of uneven skin surface on both cheeks, forehead and chin which had been felt to increase since 3 years ago. The appearance of acne on the face has been felt since 12 years ago. The patient's parents and sister also had acne complaints. On dermatological examination, on the forehead, temples, cheeks, nose and chin found blackheads, whiteheads, papules, hyperpigmented macules, multiple atrophic acne scars. The treatment choice for this patient is microneedling radiofrequency in combination with topical therapy.

Discussion: The combination of microneedling with radiofrequency is one of the therapeutic modalities for acne vulgaris and also post-acne scarring with minimal side effects. In the evaluation for 2 weeks after the procedure, this patient did not complaint of any adverse events.
Relationship between Tutor Confidence and ICT Integration in Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya
Authors: Chemwei Bernard
Published: January 2022

Despite increases in computer access and technology training, ICT is not adequately being used to support instruction in teacher education institutions. Unless teachers improve their ability to use existing technology, they will encounter various difficulties. One of the most notable of these difficulties is that they cannot respond to the expectations of their students. Research has shown that the self-confidence of teachers affects their use of technology in instruction. The study assessed the confidence of tutors in primary teacher training colleges regarding the integration of ICT in the teaching and learning practice in Kenya. There are a number of ICT projects that are equipping Kenyan institutions of learning with computers and establishing internet connectivity. But the body of literature on studies among tutors is so scanty, leaving a noticeable gap in the literature about tutors’ level of ICT integration in instruction. The study sought to establish the relationship between tutor confidence and their level of ICT integration teacher training colleges in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate tutors’ confidence in the use of ICT in teaching. The simple random sampling technique was used to select six teacher training colleges in Kenya and 169 respondents who participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data collected was analysed descriptively for frequencies, means, standard deviation, and percentages. The significance of relationships and differences of variables were tested using Pearson moment Correlation and Regression analysis. Results indicated that there is a low level of ICT integration in teaching in all teacher training colleges. A significant relationship was found between the tutor's confidence and their level of ICT integration in teaching (β3= 0.535, p<0.05). It was thus recommended that: College tutors should be given adequate exposure for them to be able to utilize ICT facilities in their classrooms. Colleges should also computerize most activities by buying computerized software within departments. This will compel most tutors to acquire the requisite skills. The ministry of education should also embrace ICT and demand professional documents from college tutors be typed and sent online.
Awarding Law Enforcement Officers of Soviet Republics During the Civil War in Russia (1917–1922)
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Shunyakov Dmitriy V.
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the practice of awarding law enforcement bodies during the Civil War in Russia. The abolition of awards of the Russian Empire in 1917 resulted in the need to establish a new award system simultaneously with the creation of law enforcement structures in the Soviet republics. The study is based on historical method, objectivity and systematic approach. To process quantitative data, the author used statistical analysis for calculating the results obtained by means of continuous sampling. On the basis of archive materials, published sources and memoirs, it is concluded that the award systems established in the Soviet republics were similar in many respects. With the RSFSR serving as a model, the other republics developed their own awards by analogy. During the Civil War, a significant award arsenal was created, which had both individual and collective status. Law enforcement officers were presented with republican awards as well as departmental decorations. The former were given by the republic’s highest authorities, while the latter by the command authorities of the Cheka–Internal Service–State Political Directorate. The analysis of the award practice indicates that the highest republican awards – orders – were used very rarely to distinguish law enforcement officers. The most common types of employee rewards were valuable gifts, certificates of acknowledgement, as well as material bonuses. The units of the Cheka–Internal Service–State Political Directorate were awarded with revolutionary banners, certificates of acknowledgement, and honorary names. The author concludes that the award system of law enforcement bodies was similar to that of the Armed Forces. The provisions of the established awards did not cover the service of Chekists and policemen. In order to stimulate the work of law enforcement bodies, special awards were introduced. However, their use began only after the formation of the USSR.
Health Promotion Discourse in Modern Media (Based on the Texts of the National Health Service, United Kingdom)
Authors: Girko Viktoriya A. , Stebletsova Anna O. ,   N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University
Published: January 2022

Health promotion discourse is a relevant object of linguistic analysis as in its texts verbal and non-verbal means of communication are used to make a pragmatic impact on the largest possible audience. This article aimed to identify the characteristic features of health promotion discourse in modern British media. The material included texts on obesity published on the official website of the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom, which represents government policy in the health sector. The study applied the methods of descriptive interpretive analysis, as well as contextual, and discourse analysis. This paper defines health promotion discourse as a communicative interaction on disease prevention issues and health awareness. In addition, it indicates the main features of media texts and their implementation in health promotion discourse. The authors found that NHS media texts on health promotion are characterized by common features of media discourse: a specific topic-based structure, an active usage of visual and graphic techniques, as well as multimodality, interactivity, and coverage of burning issues (health-related, in this case). Moreover, these texts have features inherent in media texts of online medical discourse, such as linguistic and therapeutic orientation (reflected in speech acts of advice expressed with varying degrees of categoricalness), targeted inclusiveness, and stylistic convergence (mixing of different functional styles). In addition, on the basis of the material studied, the paper identifies the following strategies specific to health promotion media texts: personal choice, developing trust in the author, and creating an image of the author as a friend. These strategies act as tools to achieve the main function of health promotion discourse, i.e. to influence the readers in order to maintain their health and prevent diseases.
Symbolic Macroconcept Strength/Power in the Aspect of Primary Signs
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Languages, Demidova Evgeniya E.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article was to describe the symbolic component among the primary (motivating) signs of the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept. Objectives of the article: 1) to identify a complete list of motivating signs of the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept; 2) to single out symbolic signs among them; 3) to describe the ways of objectification of symbolic primary signs and provide examples from the Russian language. This research is relevant due to the importance of describing the special class of symbolic macroconcepts. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that for the first time the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept is presented in the aspect of its primary signs. The key research methods used here are descriptive, interpretive, and conceptual, as well as component analysis of dictionary definitions. The author revealed 59 motivating signs of the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept on the basis of 10 etymological and historical-etymological dictionaries. None of the dictionaries used contain a complete set of primary signs of this macroconcept. The large number of motivating signs indicates that STRENGTH/POWER is an important macroconcept, whose primary signs have syncretic nature. Eight out of 59 motivating signs are symbolic, which is 1/7 of the total number. This ratio is a sufficient basis for classifying the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept as symbolic. The language material from the National Corpus of the Russian Language shows the relevance of all the identified symbolic signs. Symbolic primary signs of the STRENGTH/POWER macroconcept in Russian linguoculture can be presented in the form of three blocks: 1) the transcendental (‘god’, ‘general name of the second angelic rank’, ‘miracles’); 2) the vital component of a person (‘spirit’, ‘soul’, ‘life’); 3) unusual human abilities (‘divine gift of producing miracles’, ‘ability to make changes in other things’).
Semantic Potential of Tactile Metaphors (Based on Words Naming the Property of Softness)
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Iliukhina Nadezhda A. , Chausova Ol’ga V.
Published: January 2022

This article describes the results of the study on the psychophysiological phenomenon of synaesthesia projected onto language and speech. Synaesthesia is considered on the basis of words with the root myagk- (myagky, myagko, myagkost’, smyagchit’), which in their original meaning name the tactile sensation of softness. The paper aimed to identify the potential of this vocabulary and the sensory impression behind it as a means of conceptualizing knowledge about the world as well as to study the mechanism for the development of metaphorical, primarily synaesthetic, semantics. It is important to assess the sequence of expression of synaesthetic semantics and meanings that go beyond synaesthetic meanings, as well as to study whether vocabulary with the original semantics of softness can figuratively conceptualize knowledge. The research revealed a universal ability of this kind of vocabulary to conceptualize all types of sensory impressions (visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory) when used metaphorically. In addition to conveying a multimodal perception of the world, these words can express new sensory sensations, unusual for the speaker, for which there are no special names in the language. Along with the synaesthetic semantics itself, vocabulary with the meaning of softness is able to reflect the psychological impressions of comfort, pleasure and enjoyment, as well as the psychological characteristics of a person and the psychological aspect of interpersonal interaction, including speech. The next stage of abstraction of the tactile impression is the development on its basis of quantitative semantics, i.e. the meaning of low intensity of the manifestation of an attribute or an action in their psychological perception. The results obtained can be used to identify the mechanism for conceptualizing sensory impressions and forming synaesthetic metaphors, as well as applied in the practice of lexicographic description of cognitive metaphors.
Linguistic Representation of the Image of China in Russian-Language Blogs About Chinese Art Embroidery
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Mu Yuxi , Nesterova Natal’ya G.
Published: January 2022

The image of China, whose culture and traditions are actively discussed in mass communication, is the subject of intense interest among scholars of various humanities fields. At the same time, linguistic studies very rarely involve texts of modern media communications reflecting the country’s image in the aspect of traditional art. This article examines the linguistic means of representation of the image of China reflected in the Russian-language texts of blogs about Chinese art embroidery. The topicality of the paper is determined by the interest in the study of the cultural image of the People’s Republic of China in Internet communication. The novelty of this research lies in turning to a new medialinguistic object – modern cultural and educational Russian-language texts of blogs devoted to Chinese art – and its linguistic study. As a source material the author used blogs posted on the online platform LiveJournal. The empirical material was studied using the methods of contextual and medialinguistic analysis. It was found that in these texts the media image of China is created through the prism of five main aspects of Chinese embroidery as a unique art form: the popularity and worldwide recognition of Chinese embroidery; the centuries-old history of Chinese embroidery; embroidery schools and styles of embroidery; evaluations of the texts’ authors; evaluations of the addressee. In addition, the article reveals the linguistic means that create an image of this unique art form. It is concluded that the image formed through a comprehensive description of this type of Chinese art represents China as the birthplace of silk as well as a country with ancient traditions and unique culture.
The Functional Purpose of Slang (Based on Russian and American Slangisms)
Authors:   Yaroslavl Higher Military Institute of the Air Defense, Orlova Natal’ya O. , Bogdanova Oksana Yu.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article was to identify the specific functions of slang from the standpoint of demonstrativeness, corporatism, and individual creative self-expression. The methods of comparative and cultural analysis were used. As a result, the following specific functions of slang were singled out: demonstrative, corporate, and the function of creative self-expression. Personal identification and social relationships determine the demonstrative function of slang, which is more pronounced in the speech of young people. Slangisms are distinguished by their vividness and imagery, which is caused by the desire of the individual to attract people’s attention and stand out from the crowd. At the same time, the opposition of slang to the established order can have a negative effect, when used ostentatiously. The corporate function of slang is fulfilled by indicating one’s belonging to a certain professional community and asserting one’s right to be considered as “one of us”. Ignorance of special slang hinders a person from fully functioning within a certain “corporation”. The abundance of slang synonyms, as well as the presence of whole sentences and phraseological units in slang, testifies to the creative potential of their inventors. This article provides examples of American and Russian slang units used in various semantic fields, as well as examples of slang homonymy. Comparison of stylistic synonyms confirms the fact that slangisms differ from their neutral and bookish equivalents due to their metaphorical as well as emotional and evaluative nature. The results of the study allow us to conclude that slang has much in common with folk art, in which the changing value orientations of modern society are manifested. We also found that slang holds a dominant position in the framework of non-standard lexicon. Due to the continuous evolution, slang is a rather volatile phenomenon that allows new words and expressions to quickly enter the vocabulary.
The Problem of Natural Law in the Works of Ivan Ilyin and Leo Strauss
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Demin Il’ya V.
Published: January 2022

This article provides a comparative analysis of two interpretations and methodological strategies of substantiating the idea of natural law, which belong to Ivan Ilyin and Leo Strauss. The comparative method was used in the research process, while the problem-topic method was applied to the analysis and presentation of the material. The two interpretations of natural law were compared on the basis of the following criteria: 1) interpretation of the principle of historicism and assessment of its prospects for substantiating natural legal thinking; 2) correlation between natural and positive law; 3) interpretation of the essence of philosophy, relationship between the general understanding of the nature of philosophical knowledge and the principles of natural legal thinking; 4) correlation between law and religion. Both Ilyin and Strauss saw in natural law an invariant basis of positive law. Criticism of the principle of historicism (understood as relativism) is a conceptual prerequisite for the reactualization of the idea of natural law in the works of both philosophers. However, Ilyin sees in historicism an annoying prejudice and a product of a “sick” legal consciousness, while Strauss views historicism as the main challenge facing the classical philosophical tradition. The differences in the substantiation of natural law by the two philosophers stem from the differences in their understanding of the nature of philosophical knowledge. For Ilyin, philosophy begins with studying the meaning of axioms, while for Strauss, philosophy as “knowledge of ignorance” begins with a critical formulation and comprehension of fundamental questions. The most significant differences in the philosophical and legal concepts of Ilyin and Strauss are associated with the problem of the relationship between law and religion. According to Strauss, the universal rationaltheoretical substantiation of the idea of natural law cannot refer to religious experience and be based on revelation. According to Ilyin, the reference of the philosophy of law to religious experience is necessary, because normal legal consciousness has an essentially religious nature.
The Phenomenon of Late Soviet Mysticism
Authors:   State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Ivanenko Aleksey I.
Published: January 2022

This article studies the phenomenon of mysticism in Soviet culture of the 1960s – 1980s. The starting point are the elements of mystical discourse in late Soviet cinematography, which captured both Soviet life and the Afghan War. This is surprising since official Soviet ideology strongly rejected mysticism. The very definition of mysticism in Soviet dictionaries was not entirely correct, since it gravitated towards theistic mysticism, focused on experiencing mystical unity with the Absolute. Meanwhile, starting from 1965, the Soviet Union saw a “mystical renaissance” due to the popularization of mystical literature (W. Messing, M. Bulgakov, D. Andreyev). Special mention must be made of A. Martynov, who outlined the paranormal phenomena of the Soviet period. One of the factors of this “mystical renaissance” was the traumatic experience of World War II, which was channelled into the Great Victory cult. This quasireligious practice included the meditative moment of silence, the eternal flame and monuments to the Motherland. Among other factors can be named a certain acceptance of religion as a form of culture and the New Age movement that came from the West. To a large extent, the revival of mysticism in the Soviet Union was facilitated by the crisis of science: the paradoxes of the vacuum theory and synergetics with its idea of generating order out of chaos. The main form of expression of late Soviet mysticism was the idea of a parallel world as a source of “paranormal phenomena”: for Messing and Martynov it is a mystical field, for Bulgakov, the fifth dimension, while for Andreyev, Shadanakar. In the Soviet Union, mass hypnosis associated with telepathy, as well as telekinesis, teleportation, levitation, and poltergeist were regarded as mystical phenomena. In addition, this article analyses the correlation between the notions of mysticism, spirituality and occultism. Their meanings overlap to a certain degree, since all three imply the existence of another world and the possibility of communicating with it. However, spirituality, which is actively used in world religions, belongs to the light side, while occultism is thought of as the dark side of mystical phenomena.
Test–retest reliability and practice effect of the Leuven Perceptual Organisation Screening Test
Authors: Ding Xiaotong , Vancleef Kathleen
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Visual diagnostic tests must have a high degree of consistency in their measurements (high reliability) to ensure accurate assessment of perceptual abilities. The current study assessed test–retest reliability and practice effects in the Leuven Perceptual Organisation Screening Test (L-POST) in 144 healthy volunteers, with time intervals between 0 and 756 days. We used Pearson's and intraclass correlation analysis, Bland–Altman analysis and multilevel modelling. Results from our analyses converged and supported an adequate reliability of the L-POST. Multilevel modelling demonstrated an absence of practice effect, suggesting that the L-POST is suitable for repeat administration. This study suggests that the L-POST has adequate reliability and is suitable for repeat administration even at short intervals. This study provides the basis for a more systematic evaluation for neuropsychological assessments, which can lead to the development of more reliable assessment batteries.
Strengthening of the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the conditions of modern society as a scientific and practical problem
Authors: Skrypniuk Oleksandr V. , Tomkina Olena O.
Published: January 2022

Modern scientific research of the problems of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine is conditioned not only by their established theoretical and practical significance for legal doctrine and law enforcement. In the context of modern global challenges and threats that inevitably affect the domestic legal order of Ukraine, taking into consideration the national problems in the field of human rights and freedoms, interaction between state and society, lawmaking, law enforcement and administration of justice, etc., the need to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court is an important scientific and practical task. It is aimed at strengthening the stability of the institution of constitutional jurisdiction in difficult sociopolitical situations, restoring public confidence in the Constitutional Court and the state in general, improving the legal protection of the Constitution of Ukraine and ensuring its supremacy, reviving respect for the Basic Law and the rule of law, accommodating the functioning of the Constitutional Court to the best international standards of constitutional jurisdiction. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the study of the problem of strengthening the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a complex scientific and applied issue, which provides for its solution in the interdisciplinary scientific space. General scientific research methods, sociological method, structural-functional, as well as interdisciplinary approaches, are used. The institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is considered as an institutional property of a body of constitutional jurisdiction, which reflects its organisational and functional ability to ensure the implementation of its tasks, functions, and powers under certain conditions and resources. Indicators of the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court are efficiency, stability, and adaptability to changes. Strengthening the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court should take place through legal support for strengthening its independence from political influence, improving mechanisms for selecting candidates for judges, modernising constitutional proceedings, developing a mechanism for the Court's interaction with the public, and so on. The main directions of the study of the institutional capacity of the Constitutional Court are determined
Legal mechanisms of public administration in Ukraine
Authors: Stepanenko Sergey V. , Filippova Viktoriia D. , Boniak Valentina O. , Malakhova Tatiana V. , Kravchenko Olena V.
Published: January 2022

Issues related to the analysis of the current and possible future changes in the constitutional status of public authorities in Ukraine and the legal mechanisms of public administration in the country are considered. An essential feature of state bodies is that only they are endowed with state powers. They perform their functions on behalf of the state in clearly defined forms. An attempt is made to analyze the legally defined organizational structure of legal mechanisms of public administration in the state. The main purpose of a research consists in carrying out the theoretical analysis and system approach to legal mechanisms of public administration in Ukraine and the constitutional relations of branches of the power in the state, disclosure of features of the constituent elements of a system of the constitutional relations of the state power in Ukraine. In the constitutional state the law always must be the primary act of a statement of the state power, and people have to be the only source of a statement of the state power. The most enlightened rulers, in whose hands unlimited all webs of power were concentrated, sooner or later became wayward tyrants who recognized only their authority, that they neglected freedom and, did not consider inalienable human rights. Therefore, further transfer of powers of public administration from local public authorities to local self-government bodies should be the subject of further research in this direction
Administrative-legal bases of functioning of the civil service: Comparative-legal aspect
Authors: Horban Oleksandr , Bass Viktoriya , Drozd Oleksii , Kalatur Maksym , Shkarupa Kostiantyn
Published: January 2022

The topicality of this article is due to the fact that the civil service is a special element of the governmental system of each state, the effective functioning of which provides the observance of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, consistent and sustainable development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct scientific research on the functioning and overall reform of government control and civil service in Ukraine and in developed countries of the world. The leading research methods are general scientific and specific research methods, including methods of logic, analysis, comparison etc. The results of this study are a comparative and legal analysis of the civil service institute construction in developed countries of the world, the identification of basic problems and consequences of reforming this field in Ukraine. The significance of the obtained results is reflected in the fact that this study may serve as a basis for outlining future changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on the functioning of the civil service and the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of civil servants
Ukrainian model of lustration: Legal specificities and social consequences
Authors: Harashchuk Volodymyr M. , Georgiievskyi Iurii V. , Deineko Oleksandra O.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this article is a systematic analysis of the legal specificities and social consequences of the Ukrainian model of lustration. Based on the formal-legal method and the method of legal interpretation, the authors study more than 20 international and national “lustration” acts that regulate various aspects of government cleansing. Relying on the results of the legal analysis, the authors develop their periodisation of the stages of government cleansing of legal regulation in Ukraine. The obtained results allow considering the beginning of lustration in Ukraine not as traditionally defined legal prohibitions on holding public service by certain categories of civil servants; but restoration of parliamentary-presidential republic model in Ukraine, power deconcentration, and decentralisation. Using the method of legal modeling, the authors substantiate the feasibility of providing the entire theoretical approach to lustration in a narrow and broad sense. This actualises the study of lustration as a legal phenomenon not only from the standpoint of personal renewal of power, but as a legislative strengthening of democratic principles of public service. The authors emphasise the need to modernise international regulations establishing lustration standards. Based on the sociological research secondary data analysis, the paper identifies such negative social consequences of lustration in the Ukrainian society as the stigmatisation of “lustrated” civil servants, public service deprofessionalisation, and weakening of social cohesion in Ukraine. This work is of practical value for countries in democratic transit, which have the opportunity to ensure a dialectical balance between respect for human rights and the protection of democracy, relying on the peculiarities of the Ukrainian experience
Recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine and modernisation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan: A comparative analysis of the main ideas
Authors: Kuznietsova Nataliia S. , Suleimenov Maidan K. , Karagusov Farkhad S.
Published: January 2022

Systematic updating of the civil legislation of Ukraine and modernisation of the civil legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan are time-consuming tasks as evidenced by the analysis of changes that were made to the civil codes of Ukraine and the Republic of Kazakhstan and their law enforcement practice. Work on updating civil legislation requires an assessment of the current state and prospects of socio-economic development of Ukrainian society and the state, in particular the development of such an important component as the national legal system, which is presented in the concept of updating the Civil Code of Ukraine. It is crucial that the main areas of the concept orient the development of civil law in Ukraine, considering the current experience of recodification of civil codes of other states within the continental legal family. Considering that civil legislation is also being modernised in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the purpose of this study is to compare the main ideas of recodification of the Civil Code of Ukraine and modernisation of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan to establish a systematic approach and a unified concept for the development of civil law and form a clear guideline for the improvement of civil legislation. The study analyses the areas of updating the civil legislation of Ukraine and the Republic of Kazakhstan based on both general (historical, comparative, system analysis) and special (specific-sociological, formal legal, legal-technical, etc.) methods. One of the most reasonable ways to ensure continuity of legal regulation of civil relations and ensure the modernisation of the legal basis for the development of the sphere of social and legal relations in the long term is the approach that should preserve all the achievements of existing civil codes, considering modern European approaches and the specific features of civil and business turnover
Improvement of state control of food safety taking into account the requirements of the legislation of the European Union
Authors: Krupchan Oleksandr D. , Burylo Yurii P. , Vasylieva Victoria V.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the legal basis of state control of food safety in the context of harmonisation of national legislation of Ukraine with the relevant legislation of the European Union. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the effectiveness of state control of food safety to guarantee European standards for the protection of human health. The purpose of the study is to clarify the structural features of legislation related to state control of food safety, identify practical issues of legal regulation of state control of food safety and develop ways to solve them. The methodological basis of the research consists of the comparative legal method, historical-legal and dialectical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, system-structural and formal-legal methods. It was found that food legislation and feed legislation have a common goal of legal regulation – the protection of human health, although from a formal point of view they are different areas of law. Insufficient legal certainty of such grounds for unscheduled inspections as reasonable suspicion of non-compliance with legal requirements is due to different approaches to the formulation of powers of regulatory authorities in Ukraine and the European Union. In order to avoid corruption factors during state control of food safety, it is better to introduce information and communication technologies, and not resort to incomplete harmonisation of the legislation of Ukraine with the legislation of the European Union. The introduction of the European concept of food fraud in Ukraine requires its coordination with criminal and administrative legislation, as well as the creation of the necessary organisational and legal conditions for identifying relevant offenses during state control of food safety