bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to the Sixth Edition of the ERDs
Authors:   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2021

In July 2018, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops published the sixth edition of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services. While only part 6 of the ERDs was revised, the revisions were substantial. These revisions strengthen the role of the local bishop, provide new guidance for assessing collaborative arrangements, and introduce a new consideration for assessment beyond the principles of cooperation and theological scandal—the witness of the Church. This article provides an initial overview of the revisions and some brief commentary on their significance.
Observations in a Gender Diversity Clinic
Authors: Robles Monique ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: January 2021

Recently, I was a physician-observer in a clinic for children and adolescents who are struggling with gender identity. Since the clinic opened several years ago, the number of patients seen annually has grown well over six hundred. The staff includes an adolescent-medicine physician, a pediatric endocrinologist, a nurse, and a social worker. I spent twenty-four hours over three clinic days observing the interactions of staff and listening to intake synopses of patients and discussions of treatment plans. My aim was to better understand the working diagnosis of gender dysphoria, the protocols used in treatment, and the ethical concerns. These objectives were not achieved in the way I expected.
Mumetopia interfeles sp. nov., a new species of Anthomyzidae (Diptera) occurring en masse in an urban grassy habitat in Chile: its taxonomy, phylogeny and biology
Authors: Roháček Jindřich , Tóthová Andrea
Published: January 2021

A new species of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), viz., Mumetopia interfeles Roháček sp. nov. (both sexes), is described from Chile, based on a large series collected from a small grassy area (consisting of a non-native species, Hordeum murinum L.) among houses in the city of Valparaíso. Its systematic affiliation, phylogenetic relationships, and biology are discussed. Cases of mass occurrence of adult Anthomyzidae, particularly those in anthropogenic habitats, are reviewed and general features of them discussed. A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships of the new species and the Chamaebosca group of genera within Anthomyzidae (64 species in dataset), based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of seven DNA markers (12S, 16S, 28S, COI, COII, CytB, ITS2). Taxonomic limits of the genus Mumetopia Melander, 1913 are discussed. Based on a new molecular hypothesis and a previous cladistic analysis of morphological data (Roháček & Barber 2009), a broadened, better-supported concept of Mumetopia (s. str.) is proposed to include M. interfeles sp. nov. (and its unnamed relatives) and externally aberrant, undescribed species endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands. Apart from Anthomyzidae (M. interfeles sp. nov. only), the community of Diptera associated with H. murinum was dominated by phytophagous Chloropidae: Ceratobarys sacculicornis (Enderlein, 1911) occurred in extremely high numbers similar to those of M. interfeles sp. nov., while the less abundant Opetiophora sp. represents the first record of the genus from South America.
The Late Medieval Bible: Beyond Innovation
Authors: Poleg Eyal
Published: January 2021

This chapter contextualises the mass-produced Latin Bibles of the thirteenth and fourteenth century, addressing both innovation and conservatism in their layout and use. It explores their simplicity on the background of their predecessor, the highly complex glossed Bibles; it then moves to address the use of these Bibles in exegesis, preaching, and the liturgy, arguing against a simplistic transformative view. It introduces key features, such as the chapter division and the use of Bibles in the liturgy, which are then explored throughout the book.
The First Printed English Bible(s)
Authors: Poleg Eyal
Published: January 2021

This chapter begins with a short exploration into a century when nearly no Bibles were produced in England. It then moves to explore the first Bible printed in England in 1535, against the background of its more famous contemporary, the Coverdale Bible. The first printed Bible is unusual Latin book, whose preface was authored by Henry VIII. It has attracted nearly no scholarly attention, and this first extensive examination traces its creation and early reception as witnesses to the uncertain course of the English Reformation. Its origins reveal a dependency on Continental models, which were then modified to create a book carefully placed between conservatism and reform. Priests, scholars, children and crooks left their marks on the Bible, and advanced digital technology exposes unique evidence for the merging of Latin and English in late Henrician liturgy.
Into Fast Forward: The Bibles of Edward VI
Authors: Poleg Eyal
Published: January 2021

The last chapter explores the Bibles printed in the short minority reign of Edward VI. It reveals a period of intense creativity, when – free from financial or religious constraints – printers experimented with size, layout, and addenda. Different printers produced pocket or lectern Bibles to suit different audiences and uses. With the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer, Bibles began to make, for the first time, liturgical sense. The last Bible of the period reveals the most experimental book of the reign, and serves as a testimony to its abrupt end.
Isotopic and Genetic Evidence for Migration in Medieval England
Authors: Jobling Mark , Millard Andrew
Published: January 2021

Two sources of evidence, ratios of stable isotopes and sequences of DNA molecules, can illuminate histories of human migration. Studies of skeletal remains from medieval cemeteries in England, using oxygen and strontium isotope analyses to investigate places of childhood residence, reveal more mobility than anticipated and sometimes migration from unexpected directions. Whole-genome sequencing of a few individuals provides new insights into Anglo-Saxon migration and the diversity of origins of individuals buried in Roman York. Analysis of DNA variation in modern samples provides only indirect evidence about the medieval period, and considerable uncertainty about the timing of any deduced past migration events. This chapter argues that an explicit modelling framework should be developed permitting combined interpretation of DNA data (modern and ancient) and isotope data which, when applied to the same samples, will provide new insights about migration and mobility, and about the reliability and interpretation of these two sources of evidence.
Language Contact in Early Medieval Britain: Settlement, Interaction, and Acculturation
Authors: Findell Martin , Shaw Philip A.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores language contact in early medieval Britain, focusing on the methodological problems involved in studying historical language contact in situations where records of the languages involved are sparse. Two case studies then look at linguistic evidence for contact situations, one addressing the uses of the term wealh in Old English and especially in the Laws of Ine, while the other explores the influence of Latin on the development of Old English spelling. The first case study argues that the term wealh in early Old English (as in Continental Germanic) usage identified groups and individuals as Roman, as distinct from the identification with Celtic languages that developed later in the period. The second case study shows how spellings of the reflex of pre-Old English *[ɡɡj] developed through the engagement of Old English speakers with Latin, demonstrating the interactions between developments in the spoken and written language.
English Towns in the Later Middle Ages: The Rules and Realities of Population Mobility
Authors: Jones Sarah Rees
Published: January 2021

This chapter argues that population mobility was central to the development of medieval urban society, environment and institutions. The first part provides an overview of the changing extent and nature of English urbanisation in the centuries between 600 and 1500, and addresses both mobility and migration within England, and beyond England. It outlines some of the multi-disciplinary and conceptual approaches underpinning this work and then focuses in greater depth on urban migration fields, and on the infrastructure, regulation, and experience of urban mobility. The chapter identifies competing cultural contexts within which values associated with urban mobility were conceived, and argues that both political language and developing social customs concerning the regulation of mobility were central to the experience of migrants.
The State and the Immigrant: Negotiating Nationalities in Later Medieval England
Authors: Lambert Bart , Ormrod W. Mark
Published: January 2021

During the later Middle Ages, the presence of tens of thousands of people of foreign birth in England required royal government to consider issues of nationality and alien status. This study claims that the legal, administrative and fiscal framework for the rights and regulation of immigrants that was developed in response never created a straightforward binary between aliens (people born outside the kingdom) and denizens (those born in England). Drawing on the records of the alien subsidies and on chancery documents, it argues that the local agents of the English crown deployed national labels in very specific and purposeful ways, contingent on the vagaries of international politics and trade, rather than on a supposed generalised anti-alien sentiment.
‘A transformed world’: Herbert Read, British Surrealism and the institutionalisation of modernism
Authors: Moore Daniel
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the discourses that surrounded the 1936 International Surrealist exhibition in London and the development of a distinctly British Surrealist movement in the years leading up to the Second World War. Using the debates in the periodical press about the movement – and how it might represent a particularly English or British avant garde – this chapter articulates the connection between the movement’s leaders in Britain and the rise of institutional structures to encourage avant garde work in Britain. In particular, it sees Herbert Read as one of the key mediators of modernism in Britain, and ultimately the key driver for the institutionalisation of modernism in Britain in the years around the Second World War.
Elders (Presbuteroi) of the Farmers and of the Village in Roman Egypt
Authors: Strassi Silvia
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the nature and role of the elders of the public farmers (presbuteroi georgon) and the village elders (presbuteroi komes) at Bacchias and Karanis in the first two centuries of Roman rule (AD I-II), using the Greek papyri. Although geographically very close, lying by the same canal, these two villages were very different in historical and socio-economic terms, which makes a comparative investigation of their elders particularly interesting.
Private Banks in Villages of Roman Egypt
Authors: Lerouxel François
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the evidence concerning private banking in the villages of Roman Egypt and aims to demonstrate that the presence of private banks in some villages depended on their location in respect to the district capital, Ptolemais Euergetis. Villages that were located further away from the district capital were more likely to have a private bank in order to facilitate access to banking services for its inhabitants.
Fiscal Institution or Local Community?
Authors: Berkes Lajos
Published: January 2021

The abundant papyrological evidence surviving from late antique Egypt (4–8th c.) includes thousands of documents in Greek and Coptic on village life. These sources shed light on aspects of rural realities barely known from other areas of the ancient Mediterranean. Village administration and government are especially well documented. Late antique villages in Egypt were organised in a fiscal community (koinon) which was collectively liable for the payments of the taxes incumbent on the village and the cultivation of their land. This institution was governed by a body of officials consisting of members of the village elite. This chapter discusses the relationship of the fiscal village community, administration and elite in Byzantine and early Islamic Egypt.
The Monastery of Apa Apollo as Landowner and Employer
Authors: Schenke Gesa
Published: January 2021

Monasteries need attention as a new ‘alternative’ form of rural settlement, often comparable in size and population to larger villages. This chapter, using Apa Apollo as a case-study, examines to what extent monasteries had a communal village-like identity and organization, and how closely they interacted with surrounding villages. The monastery of Apa Apollo, located at Bawit in Middle Egypt, was founded in the late 4th century and was most likely inhabited until about the 12th century. By examining the available papyrological evidence of the 7th and 8th century, this study illustrates that in the early Arab period, monasteries like that of Apa Apollo no longer seem to be the small scale institutions of the 4th century, but developed into more elaborate economic units. Although they operated much like secular large estate holders, they had a distinctive rural centre.
Vulnerabilidad, propaganda terrorista online y reclutamiento en el contexto del terrorismo internacional
Authors: Rossi Francesco
Published: January 2021

La captación de terroristas conocidos como “internacionales” o “yihadistas” y la propaganda online son cuestiones contemporáneas cruciales. El Estado Islámico ha desarrollado un aparato de propaganda organizado y eficaz a escala mundial. Fuera de sus territorios, se sirve de una red que llama a personas vulnerables a convertirse en combatientes terroristas extranjeros (foreign terrorist fighters) o en lobos solitarios (lone wolves). El presente estudio analiza los principales objetivos, medios y efectos de la propaganda online y del reclutamiento de terroristas, y concluye que es necesario un cambio del actual paradigma de prevención. El objetivo multicultural más amplio es restablecer la confianza mutua entre las personas marginadas y/o radicalizadas, la sociedad y el Estado.The so-called «international» or «jihadi» terrorist recruitment and online propaganda are paramount contemporary issues. The Islamic State built an organised and efficient propaganda apparatus at global level. Outside its territories, it relies upon a network calling on vulnerable individuals to turn into foreign terrorist fighters or lone wolves. This paper analyses the main targets, means and effects of terrorist propaganda and recruitment. In the concluding remarks, the author argues that a change of the current preventive paradigm is necessary. The broader goal is to restore mutual trust between marginalised and/or radicalised individuals, society, and the State.
A novel modification of Bardach’s two-flap palatoplasty for the repair of a difficult cleft palate
Authors: Mir Mohd Altaf , Manohar Nishank , Chattopadhyay Debarati , Mahakalkar Sameer S
Published: January 2021

Bardach described a closure of the cleft utilizing the arch of the palate, which provides the length needed for closure and is most effective only in narrow clefts. Herein, we describe a case where we utilized Bardach’s two-flap technique with a vital and easy modification, done to allow closure of a wide cleft palate and to prevent oronasal fistula formation at the junction of the hard and soft palate, which are otherwise difficult to manage with conventional flaps. The closed palate showed healthy healing, palatal lengthening, and no oronasal regurgitation. We advise using this modification to achieve the goals of palatal repair in difficult cases where tension-free closure would otherwise be achieved with more complex flap surgical techniques, such as free microvascular tissue transfer.
‘Forced adulthood’: An aspect of ‘quarterlife crisis’ suffered by young English and Assamese adults
Authors: Duara Raginie , Hugh-Jones Siobhan , Madill Anna
Published: January 2021

Quarterlife crisis’ describes difficulties experienced by young people in their transition to adulthood. Little is known about how this crisis manifests in different cultural contexts or the impact of educational background. Using photo-elicitation and timeline interviews, we explore the lived experience of ‘quarterlife crisis’ among 22-30 year olds from England (n=16) and Assam, India (n=8), each group including people with and people without a university-level education. Data were analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. We report the key theme of ‘forced adulthood’, consisting of the traumatising experience of having to assume adult roles and responsibilities before one feels capable of so doing. We explore how cultural and educational factors shape this experience though: feeling rushed to financial self-sufficiency; having to train oneself to be an adult; and having to be the ‘man of the house’. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, even though there is some consistency around the traumatising effect of too early an assumption of adult responsibility, culture and educational background can change the contours of this experience and its meaning.
“To think of your happy fireside”: The Materiality of Home and Belonging in the Letters of James and Letitia Hargrave, 1826–1854
Authors: Bell Elyse
Published: January 2021

The concept of “home” can refer to a range of things, from a house or a homeland, to family and community, or even a feeling of belonging or exclusion. This paper asks what home meant for employees of the Hudson’s Bay Company and their families by taking HBC employee James Hargrave and his wife Letitia as a case study, examining the different ways they conceived of home in the letters that they wrote to their families in Lower Canada and Britain, and to each other, between 1826 and 1854. Home had multiple meanings for the Hargraves, which changed over time depending on their location and circumstances. The unsettled nature of life in the fur trade, and the uncertain future it held for them, led to a sense of anxiety. The Hargraves found comfort in ideas of home that were grounded in connections to their homeland, their family and community in Scotland and Lower Canada, and eventually the family that they created for themselves. Home also had very material connotations, and was entangled with the memories, experiences, and imaginings of people, places and things, from James Hargrave picturing himself seated by his father’s fireside, to Letitia Hargrave cherishing jars of marmalade sent from Scotland by her mother. Thinking about the materiality of the past when examining the Hargraves’ letters reveals some of the strategies that they employed to reinforce their connections to family and friends, and how these relationships created and maintained a sense of home and belonging.
Debt Amongst Friends: Sympathy in Exchange and the Narration of a Transatlantic Credit Network, 1792–1837
Authors: Borsk Michael
Published: January 2021

Conversations about credit in the transatlantic world were often suffused with accounts of feelings. More than just a warm gloss on the cold calculation of commerce in both merchant and settler economies, emotional exchanges played an integral role in the maintenance of credit relationships. The letters that circulated between John Large and his network of friends, family, and commercial contacts around the Atlantic reveal the importance of sympathy to his commercial relationships. Whether trading in the Caribbean and the United States or settling in Upper Canada, Large’s economic self-interest could never be excised from the wider world of sentimental sociability. As both a creditor and debtor, his economic undertakings were as concerned with hearts and souls as they were with trading balances and investment returns. In the world of transatlantic credit networks, sympathy was a colonial relationship, exchanged in commercial arrangements according to the ideal of friendship. Large’s correspondence, therefore, sits at the crossroads where credit’s moral economies met an expanding colonial capitalism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Grounded Histories of British Antislavery in Sierra Leone
Authors: den Otter Sandra
Published: January 2021

Padriac Scanlan’s Freedom’s Debtors: British Antislavery in Sierra Leone in the Age of Revolution (2017) provides an opportunity to examine the early decades of antislavery from the vantage point of the western coast of Africa and to challenge triumphalist narratives of abolition.  The history of Sierra Leone demonstrates that intertwined with the rhetoric of liberty and uplift in the abolition of slavery was a unflinching determination to generate profit and commercial opportunity.  Metropolitan and colonial elites continued to profit from slavery long after its abolition.  A grounded history of ideas, both of humanitarian and legal ideas, is a valuable methodology to explore the history of antislavery. The inchoate, fluid and disordered attempts to put antislavery into practice at a very local level point to the fits and starts, continuities and discontinuities, and haphazard interventions in the making of a vernacular ideology of the antislavery and the civilizing mission.
Propuesta metodológica para la implementación de herramientas de gamificación en la formación de Maestros de Primaria
Authors: García Hernández María Luisa , Porto Currás Mónica , Hernández Valverde Francisco José
Published: January 2021

Numerosas investigaciones constatan que la gamificación desarrolla escenarios favora- bles para el aprendizaje del alumnado, favoreciendo su implicación y fomentando un rol más activo. Desde esta premisa, en el presente artículo se muestran los resultados de una experiencia desarro- llada con estudiantes de Magisterio, buscando un entorno de enseñanza que fomente su implicación personal en la construcción de aprendizajes, de forma estimulante y retadora, al mismo tiempo que les permita enfrentarse a situaciones problemáticas con responsabilidad, siendo capaces de emplear un pensamiento crítico, creativo y contextualizado, trabajando las habilidades sociales y de comu- nicación. Para valorar su éxito, se analizan los resultados hallados tras la implementación, compa- rando las respuestas del alumnado que ha seguido esta experiencia, con las respuestas de un grupo de la misma Universidad y Grado que trabajó con una metodología diferente. Como instrumento de recogida de datos se ha empleado un cuestionario validado internacionalmente, Student Engage- ment Questionnaire, corroborando su validez y fiabilidad con los participantes de nuestro estudio. Los resultados hallados corroboran que la experiencia metodológica basada en la gamificación ha propiciado un entorno de enseñanza-aprendizaje motivador, con alta interacción entre docentes y estudiantes, que favorece el aprendizaje autogestionado, las habilidades interpersonales, de comuni- cación y la adaptabilidad de los estudiantes. Se concluye que una correcta planificación y desarrollo de la gamificación permite crear entornos que enriquecen los aprendizajes en el nivel universitario, mejorando el manejo de los conocimientos y contenidos formativos y habilidades transversales de especial relevancia en la formación de futuros maestros de Educación Primaria.
Aprendizaje conectado como práctica sistémica para procesos de desarrollo profesional docente: un estudio de caso basado en la combinación de estrategias didácticas complejas
Authors: Castañeda Linda , Talborn Björkvi Sofia , Tilly Anette , Minin Dolores , Hernández Irene , Hamalainen Minna
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta la experiencia de diseño, implementación y evaluación de una acción de desarrollo profesional docente centrada en la mejora de las habilidades evaluadoras del profesorado, llevada a cabo -en esta primera edición- con 24 docentes de secundaria de siete paí- ses europeos. El curso se ha llevado a cabo en modalidad presencial, con un modelo que combina como ejes transversales el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (el curso es en sí mismo un proyecto de emprendimiento para docentes) y dinámicas metacognitivas de implementación diaria; además, de utilizar el aprendizaje basado en problemas (casos de estudio) y los talleres prácticos de expe- rimentación como estrategias didácticas básicas. El objetivo es proponer un modelo de formación docente que responda claramente a los principios básicos del aprendizaje conectado y que abunde en los objetivos del proyecto que le da cobertura, y en esa línea se analizará el curso diseñado y los resultados obtenidos por los participantes. El curso forma parte integral de un proyecto europeo de investigación educativa cuya finalidad es el diseño, la producción y el pilotaje de recursos, me- todologías y herramientas para la evaluación de la competencia de emprendimiento en educación secundaria. Los resultados de su implementación han sido positivos y las conclusiones que emer- gen de los datos permiten remarcar la importancia que cobran las estrategias llevadas a cabo para conseguir el compromiso de los participantes y un modelo de formación coherente.
Entre lo vivo y lo no vivo. Edadismo, capacitismo, LGTBIQ*fobia y arti-vismo antirracista en el Estado español durante los primeros meses de la COVID-19
Authors: Senra Andrés
Published: January 2021

La COVID-19 representa uno de los casos más recientes donde confluyen dinámicas de racismo, crisis económica global, edadismo, capacitismo y LGTBIQ*fobia, con graves consecuencias en las relaciones sociales y personales que nos permiten repensar la pandemia como agenciamiento que refuerza las desigualdades estructurales ya existentes en el sistema de economía de mercado, además de examinar cómo responden y han respondido las comunidades afectadas.

En este artículo, parto de la línea difusa entre lo vivo y lo no vivo, las representaciones mediáticas de la pandemia, los «muertos vivientes», el contagio, las metáforas de la enfermedad y el artivismo antirracista por parte de las nuevas generaciones de descendientes asiáticos en España, para analizar las dimensiones estéticas y políticas de un ensamblaje con la complejidad estructural de la COVID-19, en la que intervienen agentes humanos y no humanos.

La importancia del rol activo desempeñado por estos agentes no humanos y los considerados como no vivos en los sistemas complejos de ensamblaje social no implica perder de vista el rol decisivo que las instituciones y las personas tienen en la gestión de las políticas sanitarias y las consecuencias de estas.
Arte contemporáneo y arquitecturas del cuerpo contagiado (huésped-hospedador) bajo la narrativa del sanatorio antituberculoso
Authors: Gloria Lapeña Gallego Gloria Lapeña Gallego
Published: January 2021

La visualización del interior anatómico, los avances biomédicos en enfermedades infecciosas y la preocupación por un cuerpo sano protegido del contagio han condicionado el diseño y los materiales de la arquitectura moderna. Además, ha despertado el interés del artista hacia la relación existente entre el enfermo con su entorno perceptible y con su interior invisible. Proponemos como objeto de investigación aportaciones al arte contemporáneo basadas en el entorno hospitalario como constructo preventivo-curativo de las tres grandes enfermedades transmisibles actuales: tuberculosis, SIDA y SARS. Los objetivos son justificar, a través del análisis de una selección de proyectos, la concepción del cuerpo como huésped de espacios arquitectónicos concebidos para su curación o prevención del contagio, e identificar el cuerpo como hospedador examinado e invadido. Demostramos el cambio de paradigma del primigenio sanatorio antituberculoso, reflejado en las experiencias indirectas y directas de artistas ingresados en instituciones cerradas y sometidos al control médico, hasta los actuales hospitales Big Data, pasando por el padecimiento del cuerpo con SIDA en su domicilio. La pertinencia de este estudio radica en la reconstrucción de la evolución del cuerpo-individuo aislado en el sanatorio antituberculoso hasta un cuerpo-colectivo contenedor de datos que son procesados para su uso como control de espacios más amplios, países y continentes, giro importante que no escapa a la mirada del artista.
Unspeakable references — On infective states of words and images in the "SHUT DOWN 2020" project
Authors: Reiche Claudia , Helbling Brigitte
Published: January 2021

The authors discuss a collective art project, initiated by them during the time of the first COVID-19 shutdown in Europe in late spring 2020. With 58 participants contributing short texts in combination with an image, the collection reflects the specific responses to the new situation. This article investigates the state of the project after its publication by a German online cultural magazine (CulturMag). A fusion of the authors’ expertise, ranging from psychoanalytic theory to literary and performative experimentation, undertakes a tentative deciphering of what lies unrecognised and virulent amidst and in between verbal and visual elements. Reflections on the uncanny, "das Unheimliche" (Sigmund Freud) – as well as "l’extimité" (Jacques Lacan) – connect paradoxical psychic (non-, mis-, over- etc.) representation of the COVID-19 danger with all too well un/known experiences of ongoing states of emergency – touching on their ecological, economical, ideological aspects, tiptoeing perhaps on the windblown tracks of childhood fears?

In this way the authors asked the participants, most of them artists and writers, to submit to us something of their lives in the NOW – “no analysis, no commentaries. We've got enough of those. We want to know what is going on inside your rabbit holes" (Helbling/Reiche, 2020) – in order to find 'unspeakable references’ with precision and in abundance.
The Video, the City, and the Spectator: The Architecture and Its Bodies in Front of a Video Camera
Authors: Lazzari Lorenzo
Published: January 2021

This paper is an investigation into the kinds of spectatorial relationships that could be generated when a moving image (video, in this case) presents a city within a political framing. To this end I will analyse three different case studies in which the city—its architecture, and its population—is the polemical common ground of the artwork: Guilty Landscape episode I—Hangzhou by Dries Verhoeven (2016), Sign on a Truck by Jenny Holzer (1984), and Història Urbanística by Video-Nou (1978). In my argumentation, I will adhere generally to Jean Baudrillard’s conceptualisations in terms of media “responsibility”, and those of Jacques Rancière when focused on the term “dissensus”, understood as the essence of politics. Importantly, and worth emphasising, all moving image works are able to mirror the spectator who, through different devices and spatial settings, becomes an active part of the representation itself: and a representation that does not require a form of response is a curtailment that does nothing but amplify the decision-making power of the powerful. Instead, Dries Verhoeven, Jenny Holzer, and Video-Nou confront us with their representations and bid us towards an active personal participation in its construction. Moreover, this could be considered as a reflection upon what might feasibly be achieved today in architecture and urban representation through various new media and their intersections with the moving image and performative arts.
The boundaries that constitute us: Parasite, pandemic life, and crises of vulnerability
Authors: Jeon Won
Published: January 2021

In a very literal sense, a biological organism cannot be alive on its own. I employ key premises in second-order cybernetics in current developments in philosophy of science and posthumanist thought in an attempt to speak upon the state of precarity and lived reality of social and political life during the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. I posit the parasite and the virus as biological and communicational forms which model the impossibility of solipsism in life (be it viral, parasitic, or human). I believe that disrupting a premise of solipsism operates as a central task in an attempt to see and speak of the skein of interrelationships that inform our shared understanding about current events.

To mobilize this discussion, I am sensitized to seek the resonances of the film Parasite on topics of radical interrelationality, systemicities within capitalist strictures, and muddled boundaries of biological and political life. The role of socio-economic boundaries affectively felt in the film provides a starting point from which I delve into analogous scientific concepts, including work of cyberneticians Gregory Bateson and Heinz von Foerster, among others, and their respective notions of epistemological responsibility and the circularity of human relations and mutual interaction. This discussion will anchor my attempt to present a symbiosis of concepts that posit the existence of viruses as the existence of boundaries in life forms on earth. Such concepts include Jakob von Uexküll’s Umwelt especially as it pertains to viral life, Michel Serres’ malleable interpretation of the parasite, and the formal analogies made by cyberneticists between viral ‘consciousness’ and Alan Turing’s machine (self-)organization. I frame these concepts with their potential to offer a phenomenologically resonant and scientifically nuanced understanding into systemic class warfare in mind, as depicted in the film and ramifying throughout.
Análisis cuantitativo de la revista Índice Literario (1932-1936)
Authors: María González Juana
Published: January 2021

En este artículo aplicaremos diferentes análisis estadísticos con el lenguaje de programación R (frecuencia de palabras, bigramas, coocurrencia de palabras y Topic Modeling) a las reseñas bibliográficas de 1932-1933 de la revista española Índice Literario (1932-1936) para aproximarnos (i) a la visión de los colaboradores de Índice Literario del contexto general de la literatura escrita en los años treinta en España y, particularmente, de la obra literaria escrita por mujeres; y (ii) a la situación social y política española en estos años reflejada en la obra de los autores reseñados y en las reseñas de la revista. Índice Literario dependía de la sección «Archivos de Literatura Española Contemporánea» del Centro de Estudios Históricos (1910-1939) y estuvo dirigida por el poeta español Pedro Salinas (1891-1951) y un grupo de colaboradores. La revista fue una clara apuesta del Centro de Estudios Históricos por abrirse a la actualidad literaria y supone una fuente de información indispensable para conocer la realidad cultural de los años republicanos en España. El artículo concluye que el análisis cuantitativo (descubrimiento de patrones, tales como tendencias en el uso de palabras o la identificación de los tópicos más relevantes en las reseñas incluidas en la revista) complementa y enriquece de forma satisfactoria el análisis cualitativo de la publicación.
Discourses on artistic research in Flanders: non-scholarly perspectives on re-search in the arts
Authors: Vanlee Florian
Published: January 2021

The research presented in this paper collects and analyses a set of documents disseminating discourse on artistic research in Flanders – the Northern, Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. In doing so, it identifies hegemonic constructions structuring the (im)possibility of fostering fruitful interlinkages between the often-dichotomised notions of ‘art’ and ‘science’. Hinged on the officialisation of the first Flemish doctoral degrees in the arts, the study points to earlier, ‘inclusive’ discourses on artistic research that allowed articulating a variety of activities and outcomes as ‘research’. The introduction of the PhD gave way to ‘exclusive’ discourses that restrict artistic research to the higher arts education context. Notably, these ‘exclusive discourses’ – often disseminated by higher art educators – are expressively critical of the research agenda. Highlighting its artificial origins in the Bologna Process, artistic research is normatively constructed as an infringement on the arts’ autonomy. Its potential is not denied altogether, however, but only touched upon in cryptonormative terms that reject current conditions without addressing what it should or could be.
Aprender de la caída, hacer con el desgarro: paradojas de la melancolía lúdica en «Gris»
Authors: García Catalán Shaila , Rodríguez Serrano Aarón , Martín Núñez Marta
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación parte de una concepción del videojuego como un «sistema afectivo» (Anable, 2018) que permite ensayar la relación con el mundo, y no evadirse de él, para analizar cómo se articula la melancolía lúdica. Aunque los discursos hegemónicos de nuestro tiempo inviten a la felicidad, el arte permite hacer algo con lo que falta: señala y nombra las sombras que nos habitan. Para ello, tomamos como caso de estudio Gris (Nomada Studio, 2018), que se propone como una alegoría de la melancolía, donde, a través de las herramientas de análisis textual y ludonarrativo, exploramos si se trata de una experiencia sustentada sobre el flow colorista que invita al descubrimiento relajado o si, por el contrario, realmente utiliza el lenguaje propio del videojuego para reflexionar sobre la complejidad de la experiencia melancólica. Como señala Farca (2018), los videojuegos distópicos están levantados sobre un núcleo profundamente utópico y esperanzador. Los resultados señalan cómo no podemos clasificarla únicamente como una experiencia flow colorista que invita al descubrimiento relajado, pues la experiencia no puede ser considerada únicamente desde su vertiente artística, ya que exige que se ejecuten mecánicas de reconfiguración, recolección y caza; por ello, empuja a una resolución en la que el jugador exige clausura, algo que contradice el sentir melancólico.
Staying in Touch: case study of artistic research during the COVID-19 lock-down
Authors: Mackenzie Louise , Šebjanič Robertina , Żyniewicz Karolina , Burr Raty Isabel , Honorato Dalila
Published: January 2021

In April 2020, artists Robertina Šebjanič, Louise Mackenzie, Karolina Żyniewicz and Isabel Burr Raty were invited by Dalila Honorato to develop research on the theme of “Staying in Touch: post-coronavirus art curating” as part of the collaborative digital art residency Braiding Friction. Working remotely across Slovenia, the UK, Poland, Belgium, Greece, USA and Portugal the group developed a speculative fiction in which art is the virus and art practitioners act as frontline workers. Braiding historical and contemporary art, architectural and bio-art practices, the group developed potential futures for post-pandemic art spaces, resulting in a fictional account of a series of art exhibitions that coincide with a pandemic event. The research was synthesised in the form of a pseudo-documentary premiered by the Creative Europe project BioFriction on 23rd July 2020.

This article presents the transcript of the pseudo-documentary “Staying in Touch” (Honorato, Mackenzie, Żyniewicz, Burr Raty, Šebjanič and Tavares 2020, 00:00:00 to 00:47:55), set in 2039: an ergodic narrative constructed as a self-ethnographic role-playing exercise by its contributors, where alter-egos Vess L, Arri Val, K-130, Soladite Carnelian and Anise Neuchâtel reflect on their curatorial practices before, during and after the pandemic. Whilst the narrative draws from many academic and contemporary influences, any references to historical events, real people or real locales are used fictitiously. Other names, characters, places or incidents are the product of the authors’ imagination, and any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental. “Staying in Touch” was edited by Pavel Tavares with the support of Cultivamos Cultura and included cameo appearances by artists Marta de Menezes, Yann Marussich and Adam Zaretsky. At its core, this work is a case study of artistic research and the possibilities of interactive engagement during the COVID-19 lockdown.
The RNA-binding protein SFPQ preserves long-intron splicing and regulates circRNA biogenesis in mammals
Authors: Stagsted Lotte Victoria Winther , O'Leary Eoghan Thomas , Ebbesen Karoline Kragh , Hansen Thomas Birkballe
Published: January 2021

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent an abundant and conserved entity of non-coding RNAs; however, the principles of biogenesis are currently not fully understood. Here, we identify two factors, splicing factor proline/glutamine rich (SFPQ) and non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO), to be enriched around circRNA loci. We observe a subclass of circRNAs, coined DALI circRNAs, with distal inverted Alu elements and long flanking introns to be highly deregulated upon SFPQ knockdown. Moreover, SFPQ depletion leads to increased intron retention with concomitant induction of cryptic splicing, premature transcription termination, and polyadenylation, particularly prevalent for long introns. Aberrant splicing in the upstream and downstream regions of circRNA producing exons are critical for shaping the circRNAome, and specifically, we identify missplicing in the immediate upstream region to be a conserved driver of circRNA biogenesis. Collectively, our data show that SFPQ plays an important role in maintaining intron integrity by ensuring accurate splicing of long introns, and disclose novel features governing Alu-independent circRNA production.
Digital editing of Early Modern English medical manuscripts: scribal errors and corrections
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga (España), Esteban-Segura Laura
Published: January 2021

An important philological question is how to edit texts. An edition always entails interpretation of the text and also of the sociocultural context in which the manuscript was created and used. In new philological theory, and contrary to more traditional approaches, the individual manuscript versions, i.e., the textual witnesses, are regarded as valuable in their own right, as every textual witness tells us something about the culture of manuscripts (Carlquist, 2004: 112). This is the approach followed for the digital editing of Early Modern English scientific writing in The Malaga Corpus of Early Modern English Scientific Prose. In this paper, we discuss the challenges that producing such type of edition pose. We will particularly focus on the issue of scribal errors and corrections and how the editor can treat and capture them in the edition. MS Wellcome 213, one of the texts included in the above-mentioned corpus, will be analysed for the purpose. The corpus consists of manuscripts from the Hunterian Collection (Glasgow University Library), the Wellcome Collection (London Wellcome Library) and the Rylands Collection (University of Manchester Library). With regard to text types, these manuscripts hold specialized texts, surgical and anatomical treatises, as well as recipe collections and materia medica.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Undergo Pulmonary Segmentectomy
Authors: Taira Akihiro , Hanagiri Takeshi , Shinohara Shinji , Takenaka Masaru , Oka Soich , Chikaishi Yasuhiro , Shimokawa Hidehiko , Uramoto Hidetaka , So Tomoko , Tanaka Fumihiro
Published: January 2021

This study retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent segmentectomy as either intentional or passive limited surgery. The subjects included in this study comprised 72 patients who underwent segmentectomy at our hospital. There were 23 patients who underwent intentional segmentectomy. The histologic type was adenocarcinoma in all of these patients. Regarding the tumor size, 9 tumors were 1 cm or less in diameter, 13 were 1.1 to 2 cm, and 1 was 2.5 cm. All patients who underwent intentional segmentectomy were alive without any recurrence as of the last follow-up examination. A passive segmentectomy was performed for 49 patients. The reasons for passive segmentectomy were due to the presence of metachronous multiple lung cancer in 14 patients, synchronous multiple lung cancer in 9 patients, age above 80 years in 12 patients, reduced pulmonary function in 8 patients, and moderate to severe cardiovascular disease in 4 patients; another 2 patients were receiving treatment for another primary cancer. The 5-year survival rate of the patients who underwent passive segmentectomy was 69.8%. There was no postoperative mortality in either of the groups. This study showed that all of the patients who underwent intentional segmentectomy were alive without any recurrence, thus suggesting that the procedure is associated with sufficient oncologic efficacy, along with preservation of the lung function. The passive segmentectomy was a feasible procedure and was an alternative procedure with an acceptable overall survival rate in high-risk patients with underlying medical comorbidities.
Breast Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Ilyas Mohammed Iyoob Mohammed , Nazir Sharique , Xiao Philip Q.
Published: January 2021

Background

Leiomyosarcomas of breast are very rare tumors, with only 54 cases reported in the literature to date.

Methods

We report a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 52-year-old woman who presented with a painless left breast mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. It measured about 6 cm in diameter and was located within the breast parenchyma with no skin involvement. Mammogram was suggestive of BI-RADS IV lesion, and core biopsy of the lesion was inconclusive.

Results

Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the excision biopsy of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma approaching the specimen margins. The patient underwent simple mastectomy, which did not reveal any residual tumor or additional lesions. Follow-up for a year after her mastectomy did not show any local or systemic recurrence.

Conclusions

We reviewed the literature and summarize our findings as recommendations for management of leiomyosarcoma of breast.
Incisional Hernia After Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Tailored Open Mesh Repair
Authors: Heise Daniel , Kroh Andreas , Eickhoff Roman , Lambertz Andreas , Binnebösel Marcel , Schmeding Maximilian , Neumann Ulf Peter , Klink Christian Daniel
Published: January 2021

Objective

Incisional hernia is a frequent complication post liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to compare divergent approaches to open abdominal wall repair post-LT.

Summary of background data

After liver transplantation (LT) via Mercedes incision (MSI) we observed an incidence of incisional hernia between 5% and 34%. Conventional repair consists of reopening the whole incision and reinforcement of the whole fascia using a mesh plastic in sublay position. This retrospective analysis compares open mesh repair with complete reinforcement of the Mercedes incision and open mesh repair of solely the abdominal wall defect.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2015, 218 orthotopic liver transplantations (LT) were performed at our institution, and 25 (11.5%) of those patients required an incisional hernia repair post-LT. One group received a local hernia repair (n = 15) while the other group obtained a reconstruction of the whole MSI (n = 10). We analyzed the preoperative status, causative factors for incisional hernia, operative details, and long-term outcome of these patients.

Results

Analyzing preoperative details no significant differences were found between the 2 groups. The mean time post-LT at which the abdominal wall defect appeared was 18 ± 12 months. The mean follow-up time after abdominal wall repair was 15 (11–19) months. Additionally, 1 (4%) patient developed a hernia recurrence without statistic significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.400).

Conclusion

Local mesh reinforcement seems to be feasible and safe in incisional hernia patients after Mercedes incision due to liver transplantation.