bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Folklore Concept: For and Against Interdisciplinary Terminology
Authors:   NAS of Ukraine Institute of Ethnology, Kuzmenko Oksana
Published: June 2022

The article is dedicated to the presentation of the term folklore concept as a productive instrument of the folkloristics. Recent researches in this theme have started to consider an issue why a new interdisciplinary term should be introduced? as a rhetorical question. The place of this term in foreign studies on a folk concept and in the recent Ukrainian scientific discourse has been ascertained. The authoress’s definition of the term is submitted. The changed five-level classification of basic folklore concepts (universal-existential, emotional, individual, spatial, morally-value) is proposed. They are distinguished on the basis of research of Ukrainian historical folklore. The authoress is putting an example of folklore concept of war which helps to express the universal knowledge and the dramatic experience of Ukrainians about World Wars. It is concluded that this concept of war takes a significant and constant place in the Ukrainian folklore picture of the world. It is objectivized through a stable chain of semantic equivalents expressed by a set of notions. These conceptions function through the structure of folklore works of various genres as motivemes (or elements of motives) or as universal symbolic images. Taken together, these definitions demonstrate the cognitive potential of Ukrainian folklore as a significant information resource. It is stated in the conclusions that the folklore concept has peculiarities connected both with the canons of semantics and symbolic interpretation of the content of the classical examples of folklore and also with the communicative task for the future of a folk work, with the social nature of folklorized and stylized as folk texts from the repertoire of modern bearers of tradition and performers.
Researches on the Contacts of a Person and Unreal World (Terminological Equivalency of Genre Dimension in Slovak Folkloristics)
Authors:   Jan Stanislav Institute of Slavistics, Žeňuchová Katarína
Published: June 2022

Stories of man and his real world inhabited by surreal beings (unreal world) have been recorded and researched from the standpoint of ethnography as a part of folk culture, from the standpoint of folkloristics as a part of narrative tradition for a long time. A wide array of multi-genre material belongs to this topical scope. It is on one side frequented in narrative tradition, on the other doesn’t always accomplish many ambitions of the esthetical side of the text (in comparison with the highly poetic magical tale). Without a doubt, this fact has affected on the publication of demonological narratives and their full establishment in editorial practice in older times. One of the many problems, which a researcher must face, when studying this scope of verbal tradition, is the fact that until now demonological tales in Slovakia aren’t compiled systematically and evaluated. Another issue during the research process is the terminological diversity and ambiguity in the definition of genres of mythological texts. This type of text with mythological and demonological elements is perceived in Slovak scientific literature as a part of a wider scope of folk prose and is known under various names as superstitious narrative, superstitious novel, demonological legend or demonological tale. The authoress of the paper points out the terminological ambiguity of the definition of genres of a wide range of diverse mythological narratives, which have specific definitions within their individual genre groups in genological systems of other nations (e.g. in the Russian context the so-called bailichka, byvalschina).
Decorative Carving of Iconostases of the Eastern Podillia in the Baroque Period: Three Complexes from Kyiv Museum Collections
Authors:   M. Rylskyi Institute of Art Studies, Folkloristics and Ethnology, Khodak Iryna
Published: June 2022

The article is aimed at the description of three complexes of iconostases carving (the royal doors and columns) from the territory of Vinnytsia region in the collections of two leading Kyiv museums – National Art Museum of Ukraine and the National Museum of Ukrainian Folk Decorative Art, in particular, the analysis of the composition, iconographic repertoire and technical features. All the considered works have been acquired by Danylo Shcherbakivskyі during the expedition to Podillia governorate in 1908. The treatment of documentary evidences on the history of the temples and stylistic analysis of monuments give grounds to assert convincingly that the two complexes originate from the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin in 1737 in the village of Pisky-Bershadsky in Olhopil county (now they are in the structure of Bershad, Haisyn district) and Saints Cosmas and Damian of 1753 in the village of Leliaky in Vinnytsia county (now of Zhmerynka district) and with sufficient probability can be dated to the time of their building (consecration). Instead, the origin of the royal doors and four columns purchased from the priest of the village of Vyshnia (Sheremetka) of Vinnytsia county (now it is a part of Vinnytsia) Yevhen Levandovskyi needs further research, as the carving has clear features of the second half of the 17th – early 18th centuries, while the old church in Vyshnia has been built in 1784. All three complexes represent an openwork decorative carving of iconostases, with the dominating motifs of a flowing vine with bunches of various shapes, covered with leaves of excellent configuration, and acanthus leaves. They are evidences of the variability of floral forms in one iconostasis or even one of its components (the royal doors or columns) and the contamination of vines and / or bunches with acanthus leaves typical for Ukrainian art of the Baroque period.
АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РАКЕТНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДАЛЬНЕГО КОСМОСА
Authors: Лазарева Ю.И. , Клименко С.В. , Кулик А.В. , Лазарев И.В.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the current state and development prospects of rocket engines for space exploration. Currently, for flights to other planets, not to mention  the stars,  the  use  of liquid-propellant and solid-propellant rocket engines is becoming increasingly unprofitable, although many rocket engines have been developed. Thus, to reach manned planes even the nearest planets, it is necessary to develop rocket launchers on engines operating on principles different from chemical propulsion systems. The most promising in this regard are electric, laser and nuclear rocket engines, as well as hybrid rocket engines such as solid-state nuclear rocket engine (NRE) and electric jet engine (ERE) or gas-phase NRE and ERE.
Reconsidering the nature of the learning space in practically-based higher education: Innovative approaches to higher education in the UK context
Authors: Kersh Natasha , Laczik Andrea
Published: June 2022

The significance of equipping higher education graduates with both practical skills and theoretical knowledge relevant to their future workplace has been identified as one of the priorities in the higher education sector. Specifically, the issues, such as the preparation of young people for the world of work, facilitating the links between academic studies and practical experiences, and situating practice-based education have become central to the higher education landscape. This article discusses the extent to which practically-based higher education learning spaces can be constructed and co-constructed, involving the cooperation and collaboration of different stakeholders: employers, university lecturers and students. The article will particularly draw on the perspectives from a case study of practically-based higher education in the hospitality sector in England. Drawing on this case study the article will address the following research questions: (1) How can practically-based learning spaces be constructed and co-constructed within the context of higher education? and (2) What is the role of different stakeholders in this process? The article argues that the development of a practically-based higher education learning space is much more complex than simply bringing together academic and practical learning, and involves both institutional affordances, industry engagement and collaboration of key stakeholders.
Clinical effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate gel usage for prevention of postoperative adhesion in children
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Kvashnina A.A. , Melnychenko M.G. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Rybalchenko V.F. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2022

It was considered expedient to study the effectiveness of intraoperative prevention of adhesion formation in children based on the results of our own experimental and clinical studies on the effectiveness of using an anti-adhesive gel based on cross-linked sodium hyaluronate. Purpose - to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel (SHG) usage as a barrier agent for primary prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions formation in children. Materials and methods. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, patient blinded observational study, which includes 62 children. All patients underwent laparotomy for appendicular peritonitis and were randomly divided into two equal groups. Patients from group A (n=31) received conventional surgical treatment, SHG was additionally applied in group B (n=31) before abdominal closure. Immediate and long-term effects of SHG usage were investigated to evaluate the influence on adhesions reformation. The average period of postoperative observation was 14.0±2.4 months. Results. SHG application was associated with no increase in complications rate: duration of postoperative ileus, need in nasogastric decompression, intensive care unit state, hospital state, the incidence of surgical site infection, and need for relaparotomy did not differ significantly between compared groups. The prevalence of peritoneal adhesions at the end of in-hospital treatment differs significantly between groups according to the ultrasound data (χ2=10.930; p=0.005). The incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO) developed during the follow-up period in group A (16.1%) was significantly higher than in group B (3.23%) where the anti-adhesive gel was applied (χ2=4.026; p=0.045). Conclusions. Intraoperative use of SHG based on sodium hyaluronate allows reduction of postoperative adhesions formation in children without worsening the postoperative course. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: sodium hyaluronate, adhesions, small bowel obstruction.
Endogenous polypeptide growth factors in children with duodenal ulcer
Authors:   Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Sorokman T.V. , Moldovan P.M. ,   Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Kolіesnik D.І. ,   Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Sokolnyk I.S. ,   Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Makarova O.V. ,   Bukovynian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Currently, the attention of many researchers is drawn to determine the features of the regeneration of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract in ulcers, as one of the most important protective factors in this pathology. Purpose - to investigate the indicators of endogenous polypeptides (epidermal growth factor - EGF and transforming growth factor α-TGF-α) in the serum of children with duodenal ulcers. Materials and methods. The study included 56 children aged 7-18 years (36 children with duodenal ulcer - the main group and 20 healthy children (comparison group). The content of endogenous polypeptides in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the Human EGF ELISA Kit (Invitrogen, USA) for EGF and R&D system (USA) for TGF-α according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using parametric and non-parametric methods of evaluation of the obtained results. Results. Slightly higher levels of EGF and TGF-α were found in boys of both subgroups of the main group (EGF: 561.45 [391.81-699.34] pg/ml and 544.67 [411.23-569.77] pg/ml, p>0.05; TGF-α: 47.91 [21.41-29.69] and 42.56 [35.45-49.21] pg/ml, p>0.05). Concentrations of endogenous factors in exacerbation of ulcerative process are higher than in remission (p<0.001) and in remission does not reach that in healthy children, p<0.01). In patients with severe duodenal ulcers, EGF and TGF-α concentrations are higher (p<0.01), which may be due to the maximum degree of inflammatory-destructive process. Conclusions. The course of duodenal ulcer leads to disorders in the regulation of proliferative processes in the mucous membrane, which is manifested by increased levels of EGF and TGF-α in the serum of sick children, the more severe the course, the higher process. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, duodenal ulcer, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α).
Liver dysfunction in children with community-acquired pneumonia: the role of infectious and inflammatory markers
Authors:   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Dudnyk V.M. , Pasik V.Iu. ,   National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Today, pneumonia remains the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pneumonia increases inflammatory processes, accompanied by the activation of inflammatory mediators, and can provoke significant metabolic disorders in the body. Purpose - to determine liver dysfunction in young children with community-acquired pneumonia based on the study of markers of infectious-inflammatory process. Materials and methods. The results of clinical and laboratory examination of 338 children aged 1 month to 3 years with community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed. The children were hospitalized in the Infectious Diseases Boxed Department for Young Children of the Vinnytsia Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital. Verification of the diagnosis was made using the recommendations of the British Thoracic Society. All patients had pneumonia of varying severity, depending on which they were divided into two groups: group I - 129 children who were diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity; group II - 209 patients with severe pneumonia. Comparison group - 40 healthy children. Results. Markers of infectious-inflammatory process were studied to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines - interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and proteins of the acute phase of inflammation - C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen in the serum of young children with outpatients. Aminotransferase hyperenzymemia is closely correlated with the activity of the infectious-inflammatory process, which indicates a positive correlation between the level of IL-1 and ALT (rxy=+0.047) and AST (rxy=+0.111). At the same time, there is a negative correlation between the levels of IL-1, CRP and the activity of aminotransferases in blood plasma. Conclusions. It was found that the course of community-acquired pneumonia is accompanied by an increase in the serum of children with concentrations of IL-1 and IL-6 in parallel with the severity of the disease. The synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulates the production of acute CRP, but reduces the concentration of fibrinogen in the blood of sick children. The identified links between the content of the studied cytokines at the systemic level and multidirectional changes in the acute phase of inflammation indicate a violation of the liver, where proteins are synthesized. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: cytokines, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, liver, community-acquired pneumonia, children, early age.
The significance of Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and the yeast Malassezia in children for the development of atopic dermatitis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mozyrska O.V.
Published: June 2022

Patients with atopic dermatitis have a disrupted epidermal barrier, which is one of the prerequisites for the colonization of bacteria and fungi on the affected skin. Purpose - to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Malassezia species skin colonization in patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. Skin swabs were taken in 83 patients with atopic dermatitis and 70 healthy children to determine Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization. The level of Malassezia colonization in the samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The affected skin in patients with atopic dermatitis was significantly more often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus than in healthy children (OR=3.974 (1.861-8.486)). SCORAD was significantly higher in Staphylococcus aureus carriers (p<0.05). In the subgroup of Staphylococcus aureus carriers, children were older and the duration of disease was longer (p<0.05). Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa were found in 11 patients with atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy children. The prevalence of Malassezia by species depended on sex and the presence of atopic dermatitis. Conclusions. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization is significantly more prevalent in children with atopic dermatitis than in healthy people. Malassezia species are common on the skin of both patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy people, but the ratio of species may vary depending on the presence of disease. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia, atopic dermatitis, children.
Study of dental status in teenagers and young adults who smoke
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Lisetska I.S. , Rozhko M.M. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Today smoking is a modified risk factor for the formation and progression of major dental diseases. Oral cavity (ОС) is the first barrier to tobacco smoke with toxins and carcinogens that are part of it. Thus, the question of studying the impact of bad smoking habits on the dental status of adolescents and young is relevant. Purpose - to examine the effect of bad smoking habits on dental status in adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods. The dental status of 114 adolescents and young people (15 to 24 years old) was studied, which were divided into groups: Group I involved 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; to the second group - 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Vapi); to group III - 23 people who regularly smoke tobacco heaters (IQOS); to group IV - 43 people without a bad habit of smoking. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries, the state of hygiene of ОС were determined using the OHI-S index. Results. It was found that the prevalence of caries averaged 89.85%. The index of the intensity of dental caries averaged 5.84±0,39 points. The structure of the OHI-S ОС hygiene index revealed that in the subjects of the first group it was equal to 1.77±0.02 points, in the subjects of the second group – 1.53±0.01 points, in the subjects of the third group – 1.46±0.02 points. In the surveyed group IV, the index was much lower – 0.87±0.03 points. In persons of group I the value of the PMA index was 38.6±3.26%, in persons of group II – 33.7±2.52%, in persons of group III – 31.6±1.84%, in persons of group IV – 22.8±2.73%. Conclusions. The study found a negative impact of harmful smoking habits on the dental status of adolescents and young adults. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: adolescents, young adults, caries prevalence, CPV, OHI-S hygiene index, PMA, smoking.
Application of ICF classification system in functional assessment of children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Nazar O.V. , Hurzhii O.I. ,   Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Martyniuk V.Yu. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Moiseienko R.O. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2022

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic inherited neuromuscular disease that requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Purpose - to provide a review of scientific works on comprehensive care for children with SMA according to the principles of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), standardized tools for assessing the functional status of the patient. Materials and methods. The article presents the data of the literature review on the use of ICF principles in the organization of care for children with SMA, the use of standardized tools for assessing the functional status of the patient. Review and discussion. The implementation of the IСF in daily practice helps to improve the rehabilitation aid to children with SMA. Using the philosophy of the ICF, physicians began to comprehensively assess the health of the child, to estimate the functionality of the child using standardized tools, to form rehabilitation goals in accordance with the functional capabilities of the child, to determine environmental factors which do not allow the child to fully realize their rehabilitation potential. Conclusions. ICF makes it possible to determine of all aspects of the life of a child with SMA and to determine the impact of environmental factors on its level of functioning. According to ICF principles it is necessary to use standardized tools to assess the health status and the functional activity of a child with SMA, for evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: ICF, spinal muscular atrophy, rehabilitation, functioning.
Primary immunodeficiency: IPEX-syndrome. Literature review and clinical case
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Shadrin O.G. , Marushko T.L. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Volokha A.P. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Marushko R.V. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.М. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2022

IPEX-syndrome (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome) is a severe inherited X-linked disease from the group of primary immunodeficiencies associated with mutations in the FOXP3 gene, which encodes a key transcription factor for T-regulatory lymphocytes. In the pathogenesis of the disease the main role plays disorder of maturation of CD25 + CD4 + -T-regulatory lymphocytes (TR), which carry out negative selection of autoreactive clones of T- and B-lymphocytes, resulting in loss of autotolerance and early development of multiorgan autoimmune pathology in combination with severe violation of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. The typical clinical picture of IPEX-syndrome is a triad: autoimmune enteropathy, endocrinopathy (diabetes mellitus type 1, autoimmune thyroiditis), skin and/or mucosal lesions, but any combination of autoimmune pathology or isolated organ damage is possible. At the same time, intestinal lesions (autoimmune enteropathy) are found in almost 100% of patients. Laboratory immunological markers of IPEX-syndrome are absent (the disease can be detected only by genetic testing - panel sequencing of genes), which, along with the variability of clinical manifestations, creates significant diagnostic difficulties. The article presents a clinical case of IPEX-syndrome, the clinical features of which were isolated enteropathy without clinical and laboratory signs of autoimmune damage to other organs, as well as severe lesions of the small intestinal mucosa (total villi atrophy) and rapid disease progression despite late onset (during second year of life). Although immunologists associate the late onset with «soft» mutations in the gene, easier course and more favorable prognosis. Laboratory features of this case were: negative serological markers of autoimmune intestinal lesions and elevated levels of T-regulatory lymphocytes CD4 + CD25 + CD127low +, although IPEX-syndrome is characterized by a decrease or absence of T-regulatory cells. IPEX-syndrome in this patient was confirmed by genetic research - sequencing of the FOXP3 gene revealed a pathogenic mutation с. 736-2А>Т (Splice acceptor). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: infants, primary immunodeficiency, IPEX-syndrome, FOXP3 gene mutations, autoimmune enteropathy, diagnosis.
Differential diagnostics critical illness myopathy and their medical management in children
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Svystilnyk V.O. , Shkolnyi S.Yu. ,   Kyiv City Pediatric Clinical Hospital, Ukraine
Published: June 2022

Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a challenging problem for identifying which impacts on verified diagnosis in time. CIM occurs often as one of respiratory failure cause for intensive care admission and invasive ventilation is needed and subsequent inability to wean from the ventilator. It also influences on the length period of patient’s staying in the intensive care unit (ICU). Purpose - to provide the analysis of clinical signs of CIM in children and their medical management. Materials and methods. We examined the group of children aged from 3 month up to 15 years old. Patients were needed critical care in ICU. We utilized clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods of investigation. Results. We have carried out differential diagnostics and the causes of CIM in presented clinical cases which have been shown. Neuromuscular causes of weakness in the children have been identified. X-linked myotubular myopathy was the cause for CIM in the first patient. Muscular weakness in patient with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) combined with pneumonia and sepsis was the reason for critical care in the next patient. Prescribed antibacterial therapy combined with symptomatic one in the patient with X-linked miotubular myopathy as well as the antibacterial therapy connected with the disease-modified medicine and respiratory support in the patient with SMA showed positive result of treatment. Conclusions. Diffuse muscular hypotonia, hyporeflexia, muscular weakness were main clinical signs of CIM in the patient with X-linked miotubular myopathy as well as in the patient with SMA, type I. Presented symptoms appeared from the child’s newborn period. The prescribed disease-modified therapy combined with antibacterial one and respiratory support proved effectiveness and allowed us to wean the patient from the ventilator. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Key words: critical illness myopathy, X-linked miotubular myopathy, spinal muscular atrophy, disease-modified therapy.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Walnut Shell Powder and Cynara sp. and their Antibacterial Activities
Authors: ERDEM İlker , ÇAKIR Şerife
Published: June 2022

The silver (Ag) is a well-known material with interesting properties (i.e. catalytic activity, antimicrobial, etc.). The nano-sized particles of silver propose enhanced properties due to having relatively higher surface areas. The green synthesis is a promising way of material preparation/production being relatively more environmentally friendly by utilization of less harmful materials. In this work, the plant extracts (Cynara & Walnut shell powder) were used as reaction media for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The nanoparticles produced via two plant extracts were ~46 nm and ~109 nm in size, respectively. The antibacterial activities of the produced silver nanoparticles (against E. coli and S. aureus species) were determined and minimum effective concentrations (MIC) for antibacterial activity were investigated.
Masthead: Spring 2022
Authors:   Portland State University, Wolfe Tyler
Published: June 2022

The issue's masthead
Foreword to the Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs: Volume 6 Issue 1
Authors:   Portland State University, Khanvilkar Rohan
Published: June 2022

Foreword
Regional Decision-Making in Oregon’s Area Commissions on Transportation
Authors:   Portland State University, Grisham Cole
Published: June 2022

Long after other areas of Oregon had already done so, the local agencies in the Portland region served by the Oregon Department of Transportation decided to form a regional Area Commission on Transportation. Why they decided to do so and what caused local agencies to delay forming one until long after other regions was not immediately clear. In this article, I examine the policy documents around the formation of the Region 1 ACT and how its policy history represents wider historical trends on regional transportation decision making nationally. To do so, I describe Oregon’s regional policy making structure followed by an overview of the organization, composition, and authority of the ACT system. I then examine broad national transportation policy trends and regional governance literature in the United States, concluding with an evaluation of the ACT system based on this analysis. I use this evaluation to identify improvement opportunities and future research needs. While the ACT system exhibits many characteristics of an inclusive regional process, there remain opportunities to improve and clarify ACT decision-making authority and regional stakeholder participation.
Regional Growth Concept to Promote Densification and Mixed Land-Use in the Suburbs of the Portland Metropolitan Area
Authors:   Portland State University, Lee Sangwan
Published: June 2022

This study attempts to address two questions. First, what factors influence the categorization of neighborhoods into regional and town centers under a regional planning framework (the 2040 Growth Concept) for the Portland Metropolitan region? Second, have the regional and town centers fulfilled their goals of fostering densification and diverse land use, as indicated in their strategic plans, or have they fallen short of these goals? The multinomial logit model was used to answer the first research question, and propensity score matching and a paired t-test were used to answer the second research question in this study. This paper found that (1) the factors influencing the categorization of neighborhoods into regional and town centers within the regional growth concept were primarily transportation-related, and (2) both centers that considered transportation-related features have evolved into neither densified nor mixed-use neighborhoods after approximately 20 years of the plan's implementation, according to the findings. Whether or not government intervention through urban design and planning aids in the production of spatial patterns sought by the planning authority is discussed in this study, as well as why the normative concept may or may not be beneficial.
Accounting's Problematic Relationship to Legitimacy: A Review of the Critical Literature
Authors:   Portland State University, Maddox David
Published: June 2022

Accounting is the practice of measuring, documenting, and reporting on the economic dimensions of an organization, institution, or activity. Traditional views of accounting see it as a value-free technique to provide information for decision-making, and as such, compliance with standard accounting practices bestows legitimacy. In the 1970s and 1980s, critiques of the view of accounting as a neutral tool for rational decision-making emerged. These critical studies of accounting identified ways in which accounting was constitutive of reality rather than reflective, submerged conflicts and depoliticized internal relationships under a unitary image of the entity, provided tools of visibility that contributed to the establishment of Scientific Management and later the expansion of the neo-liberal order, and reinforced current power and gender relations. Along with critical analysis of existing accounting practices and structures, research has also identified moments of resistance within organizations and societies and investigated emerging alternative frameworks for accounting such as Emancipatory Accounting, Social Accounting, and Critical Dialogic Accounting and Accountability. Among the questions raised by this body of work are whether current accounting logic can support alternate forms of social organization, whether economic activity can be managed without concepts that devalue intersubjectivity and complex relationships, and whether a different social order would need tools other than accounting. Approaches to these questions might rely on the tools of historical research and case study that have been the foundation for critical studies of accounting but could also expand into experimental techniques and a renewed effort to develop theoretical frameworks.
Governmental Persuasion Strategies on Social Media during COVID-19: A Comparative Study of the US and China
Authors:   University of Texas at Austin, Wang Fan
Published: June 2022

This study compared persuasive strategies of the governments of the U.S. and China during a public health crisis using social media messages. Collecting data with R and Python from two national public health sectors' official accounts on Twitter (N = 1,630) and Sina Weibo (N = 3,554), the researcher investigated how the organizations' messages reflected Cialdini's seven principles of persuasion and whether other emergent messaging patterns occurred. According to the different phases that the two countries had gone through during the pandemic, the researcher also conducted a pooled times series analysis to investigate the relationship between the frequency of daily posts and the number of daily COVID-19 positive new cases in the two countries. The study found that the principle of authority was the most often used rule by the two countries, and a combination of directive and non-directive messages was detected. The research discussed the effectiveness of Cialdini's principles in an online context and provided recommendations regarding timely responses towards the development of the disease on social media, which may also help build up the organizations' credibility in public health crises.
Teorik Bakış Açısından 2003’te Irak’ın ABD Tarafından İşgali ve Yeni Muhafazakarların Etkisi
Authors: BULUS Orhan
Published: June 2022

Uluslararası ilişkilerin değişen doğası nedeniyle son otuz yılda meydana gelen olayların açıklanmasında mevcut klasik teorik yaklaşımların yetersiz kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu süreçte olayları ve uluslararası ilişkilerin değişen doğasını açıklamada, Neo-Klasik Realizm ve Konstrüktivizm gibi yeni yaklaşımlar göze çarpmaktadır. Bu bağlamda klasik yaklaşımların açıklayamadığı olaylardan birisi de 11 Eylül terör saldırılarından sonra ABD’nin terör üzerine savaş açması ve Irak’ı işgal etmesidir. Soğuk savaştan tek süper güç olarak zaferle çıkan ABD, müttefiki Suudi Arabistan’ın güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla I. Körfez Savaşı’nda ilk kez Irak’a askeri olarak müdahalede bulunmuştur. Daha sonra ise ABD öncülüğünde alınan BM Güvenlik Konseyi kararları ile Irak’a askeri ve ekonomik birçok yaptırım uygulanmıştır. Bu süreçte ABD, Irak’taki Baas rejimine muhalif olanları organize etmiş ve Irak’a askeri olarak birçok müdahalede bulunmuştur. ABD, işgal için yeni muhafazakarların ve sürgündeki Iraklı muhaliflerin sağladığı motivasyon ve doğruluğu teyit edilmeyen iddialarla 2003 yılında Irak’a savaş açmıştır. Hem yeni muhafazakârlar hem de sürgündeki Iraklı muhalifler ABD’nin Irak’a yönelik dış ve güvenlik politikasına etki etmiştir. Bu noktada Yeni Muhafazakarların rolü ise ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Zira ABD’nin dünyanın küresel gücü olarak sorumluluğunu yeterince üstlenmediğini düşünen Yeni Muhafazakârlar, 2000 sonrası ABD yönetiminde etkin olmuştur. Bu grup 11 Eylül’de ABD de gerçekleştirilen terör saldırılarından sonra ise kendi gündemlerini ABD dış politikasına dayatacak fırsatı bulmuştur. Yeni Muhafazakârlar ilk olarak Afganistan’ın işgalinde etkin olsa da, özellikle Irak'ın işgalinde ve Irak’a demokrasi götürme söyleminin Bush yönetiminin resmi politikası haline gelmesinde Yeni Muhafazakarların önemli rolleri bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu makale ABD’nin Irak’ı işgal etmesine giden süreci teorik açıdan incelemektedir. Makalede ilk olarak uluslararası ilişkilerde devlet davranışı olarak savaş ve çatışma için realist, liberal ve konstrüktivist yaklaşımlara göre kısa bir teorik bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. İkinci olarak Yeni Muhafazakârlardan kastedilenin kim olduğu, ne olduğu anlatılmış ve daha sonra ABD'nin Irak işgali tarihsel ve sosyolojik olarak ele alınmıştır. Son olarak ABD’nin Irak’ı işgali bahsedilen teorik çerçeveye göre açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Trabalho de cuidado, gênero e violências: estudo com técnicos/as de enfermagem
Authors: Andrade Cristiane Batista , Monteiro Inês , Rodrigues Natália Ramos
Published: June 2022

Resumo Introdução A enfermagem é uma profissão predominantemente feminina que tem como centralidade o cuidado em saúde. A literatura aponta que essa categoria profissional vivencia as situações de violências interpessoais, a violência urbana/social, os sofrimentos face às desigualdades sociais, além das precárias condições de trabalho. Objetivo Analisar as condições de trabalho e as violências vividas por profissionais de nível médio-técnicos/as em enfermagem na área hospitalar que realizam o trabalho de cuidado. Método Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa que utilizou o referencial dos estudos do care, que considera a divisão sexual do trabalho. Foram entrevistados dois homens e sete mulheres de um hospital público da região Sudeste do Brasil. Foi utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado para a coleta dos depoimentos orais com subsídios da história oral. Resultados Havia quatro trabalhadores/as terceirizados/as e cinco servidores/as públicos/as. Em relação às condições de trabalho, foram identificados: terceirização do trabalho na área pública; diminuição do número de trabalhadores/as para o cuidado em saúde; casos de acidentes de trabalho (doenças e acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes), sofrimento e emoções dos/as profissionais diante das condições de vida da população atendida; violências urbana e social que influenciam a saúde e a subjetividade dos/as profissionais; vivências de conflitos, ameaças e agressões entre a equipe e as pessoas atendidas pelas profissionais. Conclusão É preciso aprofundamento teórico e metodológico para compreender as condições de trabalho, as violências e as emoções nas especificidades de uma profissão predominantemente feminina.
Visão profissional de estudantes de Pedagogia na análise de episódios de aula de matemática na perspectiva do ensino exploratório
Authors: Braga Laudelina , Cyrino Marcia Cristina de Costa Trindade
Published: June 2022

Resumo: No presente artigo, são discutidos aspectos da visão profissional de estudantes de Pedagogia, manifestados na análise de ações de uma professora no desenvolvimento de uma aula na perspectiva do Ensino Exploratório. Para essa análise, as estudantes tiveram acesso a episódios da aula gravados em vídeo, presentes em um caso multimídia. Foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa de cunho interpretativo, com abordagem pautada na pesquisaintervenção. Os resultados evidenciam que tais estudantes perceberam aspectos da visão profissional, associados: (i) ao papel da professora na organização e na gestão de uma aula na perspectiva do ensino exploratório; (ii) à importância de estabelecer conexões entre teoria e prática; (iii) à atividade matemática, mediada pela comunicação e argumentação; e (iv) ao conhecimento do conteúdo para realizar a atividade matemática. O desenvolvimento da visão profissional desencadeado pela percepção, análise e justificação desses aspectos, foi profícuo para promover o conhecimento profissional e projetar a futura ação docente.
Pequena Ferrovia, grandes problemas: A E. F. Mate Laranjeira (1911-1959)
Authors: Queiroz Paulo Roberto Cimó
Published: June 2022

RESUMO A E. F. Mate Laranjeira, com bitola de 60 cm e extensão máxima de 68 km, foi construída no oeste do estado brasileiro do Paraná, na segunda década do século XX, em caráter privado, pela grande empresa que explorava, nessa época, os bosques nativos de erva-mate (Ilex paraguayensis), situados no extremo sul do vizinho estado de Mato Grosso. A via destinava-se a contornar as Sete Quedas, que interrompiam a navegação do rio Paraná na altura do paralelo 24º Sul, e, assim, facilitar o transporte da erva em direção ao principal mercado consumidor: a Argentina. Ao conectar dois trechos navegáveis do rio Paraná, a ferrovia atraiu a atenção dos dirigentes do estado do Paraná e do Estado nacional brasileiro, para os quais ela poderia favorecer a ocupação e o aproveitamento de toda a região, até então considerada remota e selvagem. Neste artigo, busco analisar a EFML como integrante da categoria das ferrovias industriais, abordando a história de sua construção, suas condições técnicas de operação e também a disputa em torno de sua abertura ao tráfego público. As fontes incluem legislação, periódicos, relatórios governamentais, dados estatísticos e documentos da própria empresa, além de relatos de viajantes e outros trabalhos não acadêmicos. A principal conclusão é a de que, embora útil para os propósitos privados, a ferrovia, devido a suas limitações intrínsecas, não estava apta a desempenhar um papel público de grande relevância.
Incontinência urinária, senso de controle e autonomia, e participação social em idosos residentes na comunidade
Authors: Silva Ediane Pereira Machado , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Bianchi Mariana , Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Batistoni Samila Sathler Tavares
Published: June 2022

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a presença de sintomas de incontinência urinária (IU) e testar um modelo de associações diretas e indiretas com as variáveis psicossociais senso de controle/autonomia e participação social em idosos residentes na comunidade. Método Estudo transversal, realizado com 419 idosos de 72 anos ou mais (70,2% feminino) participantes das medidas de seguimento do Estudo Fibra-Polo Unicamp. Idade, sexo e escolaridade foram as variáveis sociodemográficas selecionadas como antecedentes das relações entre IU e participação social. Senso pessoal de controle e autonomia foi testado como mediador dessas relações em análise de caminhos via método de equações estruturais (Path Analysis). Resultados A IU foi relatada por 38% da amostra, com diferenças significativas entre os sexos (41% feminino versus 31,3% masculino). Foram propostos três níveis de participação social a partir do grau de envolvimento dos indivíduos com a sociedade. O modelo de associações explicou 15% da variância em participação social. Efeitos diretos foram encontrados entre controle e autonomia e participação social. Efeitos indiretos entre escolaridade e participação foram mediados pela presença de IU. Conclusão IU contribuiu para a restrição em participação social em todos os níveis. Controle e autonomia não se mostrou um mediador psicológico para as relações entre IU e participação, embora associada a ambas variáveis. A presença de IU potencializou as relações desvantajosas entre escolaridade e participação social. Enquanto fatores de natureza modificável, iniciativas clínicas e psicossociais sobre IU podem resultar em diminuição de efeitos psicológicos negativos e redução de desigualdades educacionais em participação social.
Mudanças em indicadores antropométricos e de velocidade de marcha em idosos: estudo de coorte
Authors: Assumpção Daniela de , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Oliveira Tatiane Mello de , Yassuda Mônica Sanches , Neri Anita Liberalesso , Francisco Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo
Published: June 2022

Resumo Objetivo Caracterizar mudanças em indicadores antropométricos em idosos e investigar se o excesso de peso associou-se com menor velocidade da marcha (VM), com base em medidas realizadas a um intervalo de nove anos. Métodos Estudo de coorte com idosos (≥65 anos), realizado em 2008-2009 (linha de base) e 2016-2017 (seguimento) em Campinas/SP e Ermelino Matarazzo/SP, Brasil. Foram aferidas medidas de peso corporal, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e do quadril (CQ), usadas para obter os indicadores: índice de massa corporal (IMC), razão cintura-estatura (RCE), razão cintura-quadril (RCQ) e índice de conicidade (Índice C). Os testes T e de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas foram usados para estimar as diferenças. Resultados Foram analisadas informações de 537 idosos (70,0% mulheres) com idade média de 72,2 anos na linha de base e 80,7 anos no seguimento. Após nove anos, os homens apresentaram reduções significativas do peso corporal, estatura e IMC, e aumento do Índice C. Nas mulheres, observou-se declínio do peso, estatura e IMC, e elevação da CC, CQ, RCE, RCQ e Índice C. Observaram-se variações percentuais de: -3,89% (peso), -0,36% (estatura), -4,18% (IMC) e +2,27% (Índice C) nos homens; -2,95% (peso), -0,65% (estatura), -0,73% (IMC), +3,33% (CC), +1,59% (CQ), +3,45% (RCE), +2,27% (RCQ) e +4,76% (Índice C) nas mulheres. O excesso de peso associou-se com maiores chances de estabilidade e de novos casos de menor VM no seguimento. Conclusão Foram identificadas mudanças no peso, estatura, IMC, nos indicadores de obesidade abdominal, especialmente nas mulheres, e associação entre excesso de peso e menor VM.
OUTRIDADE EM REFLEXOS: UMA TESSITURA ENTRE “O ESPELHO” DE ASSIS E “O LODO” DE RUBIÃO
Authors: HAYASHI RENAN KENJI SALES
Published: June 2022

Resumo Investigam-se, neste artigo, as relações de outridade presentes nos contos “O espelho”, de Machado de Assis, e “O lodo”, de Murilo Rubião. A hipótese do artigo se articula em torno da ideia de que a estrutura da díade eu-outro está presente em ambas as obras. Contudo, cada autor a trabalhou de maneira singular, dado o contexto histórico-social, as transformações profundas da cultura e a problematização do sujeito que cada um deles experienciou. Resultados de pesquisa apontam para uma tessitura muito particular entre os contos, ora aproximando-os, ora distanciando-os, em termos de estrutura, temática, foco narrativo e desfecho.