bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanism as the essence of the principle of religious tolerance (on the example of the Ideas of L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, and N. N. Pirogov)
Authors: Zhukova Evgeniia Mikhaylovna
Published: September 2021

During the period of globalization, various social strata comprise a new conceptual system. This ongoing transformational process prompts reconsideration of the fundamental concept of religious tolerance: it disintegrates and accretes with extraneous connotations. The worldwide growing religious fanaticism makes the problem of religious tolerance exceedingly acute. Its comprehension becomes relevant not only on the examples of countries, but also on the legacy of prominent representatives of different eras. The object of this research is the literary-philosophical heritage of L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, and N. N. Pirogov. The subject is the principle of religious tolerance in the worldview of the listed philosophers. Each of them demonstrates a superior example of humanism in the era of close interaction of various ethnic groups. The analysis of works of the three cultural figures indicates that despite the difference in worldviews, they all agreed upon the general humanistic essence of religious tolerance. The recognition of religious tolerance as a general cultural universal is based on their perception of the world as a single organism that does not unify various religious traditions, but rather constitute them into the “unity of diversified”. If L. N. Tolstoy elucidates humanistic nature of religious tolerance on the level of the individual, communities and entire humanity, then F. M. Dostoevsky has such reflections due to theme of war and peace. In combination with the “cosmic” worldview of N. N. Pirogov, these three views reveal different edges of religious tolerance based on the principle of complementarity. The study of humanistic ideas of the Russian philosophers may contribute to the creation of the methodological concept of religious tolerance as one of the fundamentals of the state domestic and foreign policy of the Russian Federation during the globalization era.
Prospects for bringing countries to international responsibility for the spread of mass diseases (on the example of the People’s Republic of China and COVID-19 pandemic)
Authors: Sazonova Kira L'vovna
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, which commenced in 2020 and continues into 2021, called on the world re-evaluate many ordinary phenomena, including the impact on the international law, and namely international responsibility. The unprecedented scale of the problem, worldwide lockdown, as well as global deceleration of virtually all processes have led the experts, politicians and regular persons to seek the answer the question of whether anyone should be held responsible for what has happened. This article dwells on whether it is possible to bring the country to international responsibility for the spread of a mass disease relying on the theoretical and practical aspects of the branch of international responsibility. Unlike the foreign expert community with a dynamic discussion of implementation of responsibility for the pandemic, the Russian doctrine has not conducted similar analysis. Certain public political figures openly blamed China for the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, referring to the fact that it originated in the Chinese province Wuhan. The United States have initiated lawsuits against China and Chinese government over the pandemic. It is of utmost importance to analyze the legitimacy of such articulation of the question is, and what the evidence base should be in such cases. In this regard, the analysis of the theoretical prerequisites and feasibility for bringing the countries to international responsibility for the spread of mass diseases have a crucial scientific and practical significance.
Language game in publicistic writing of V. V. Nabokov: transformation of meanings and peculiarities of word usage
Authors: Knyazeva Natal'ya Vladimirovna , Kurkova Natal'ya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

In the light of deliberate attention of modern linguistic science and a range of social disciplines to the problem of personality and language, the unresolved question of the nature of language game in the texts of different stylistic orientation remains relevant and polemical. Comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon at hand requires the study of linguistic material that would reflect the specific nature of language game, which represents the organic synthesis of genre-stylistic affiliation and creative uniqueness of linguistic personality. Therefore, the examination of language game in the authorial publicistic writing, namely publications of V. V. Nabokov draws particular interest. The subject of this research is the various manifestations of language play on the lexical-semantic level, which implies occasional alignment of semantic plans, change of the usual meaning of the linguistic unit. It is established that the publicistic heritage of V. V. Nabokov is notable for the artistry that is atypical for such genres; it can be traced in the choice of lexical means, their subsequent interaction and transformation. The usual linguistic units acquire the new plane of content, which largely determines the functional-pragmatic vector of publications and the authorial position that reflects the the tendentious suggestive intentions characteristic to the authorial publicistic writing: accusatory, critical, etc. Change of the usual plan of perception is achieved by various means; most typical is the reference to semantic invariant, which in the authorial context contravenes the known presuppositions. The observations indicate that the language game based on the partial or full change of usual meaning of the word is of syncretic nature: as a rule, the new metaphorical level is not limited by modification of a single lexeme, but extends to the entire structure and compositional volume of the sentence.
The problem of text generation in teaching philological fundamentals of professional activity
Authors: Romanova Natalya Gennad'evna
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the problem of text generation in teaching students the philological fundamentals of professional activity. The practice of creating media texts and communication products implies not only a set of representations on the media trends, process of medicalization, and pragmalinguistic characteristics of mass media texts, but also consistent philological knowledge, specific condition and strategies of media education, which contribute to successful production of the necessary content. Methodological framework is comprised of the general scientific method of comparative analysis, as well as the methods of philology – compositional and semantic-stylistic analysis that allowed determining typical difficulties faced by the students in the process of text generation: incomprehension of the genre boundaries and content benchmarks, problem of selecting the necessary text modality, lack of factual information on the topic, its unreasonable duplication. The author assesses the quality and specificity of the creative speeches of the students (announcements, peer reviews, interview texts); as well as analyzes their perception by the students for clarifying the problematic area of text generation and search for effective solutions within the framework of educational communication. The acquired results allow outlining the key and additional conditions for the improvement of text generating skill of the future specialists in the field of mass communications, the stages of solution of the problem of text generation and their content. The defining in formation of the text generating skill became the approach towards media text as a multilevel message, the key parameters of which are determined by the implied communication medium, form of perception, peculiarities of creation, category of authorship, and thematic orientation.
The methods of studying emotive vocabulary
Authors: Varukha Irina Viktorovna , Shamsutdinova Yuliya Khanifovna
Published: September 2021

This article is dedicated to studying the lexical composition of language, namely lexical units that denote emotions. The choice of topic is substantiated by certain difficulties in creating the methodology for working with vocabulary, due to the amorphous nature of this language component, as well as the importance of studying the part of vocabulary that describes the emotional sphere of human existence. The subject of this research is the linguistic content of emotive lexical units. Emotive vocabulary is analyzed using several methods of linguistic analysis: method of semantic field, component analysis, transmission of meaning, analysis of significances, word formation, and method of inner form. The novelty of this research consists in application of comprehensive approach towards studying the linguistic content of lexical units denoting emotions. Special attention is given to the description of practical component of the used methods based on denominations of emotions in the English, Russian, German, and French languages. The author concludes on the need to develop a specific methodology for studying lexical material, and the cumulative application of these methods for the most comprehensive examination of the linguistic content of words denoting emotions in different languages.
The character of Levin in the ballet “Anna Karenina” choreographed by John Neumeier Anna Karenina: the peculiarities of choreographic interpretation
Authors: Khokhlova Daria
Published: September 2021

The problem of choreographic interpretation of the novel “Anna Karenina” by L. Tolstoy in the modern ballet theater is relevant: in the past twenty years, several outstanding choreographers have selected this theme for their performance. The subject of this article is the interpretation of the character of Levin by John Neumeier. The goal consists in revealing the expressive elements and peculiarities of choreographic language used by the ballet master in staging this role, as well as in juxtaposing them with the original literary text. The article employs comparative and analytical methods, overt observation (in the process of working with Neumeier on the role of Kitty), Neumeier's lectures prior to the Moscow premiere of “Anna Karenina” (from the author's archive), and materials from video archives of the theatre. Detailed semantic analysis of stage direction and choreographic language of the role of Levin became the basic instrument for determining the traits of Tolstoy’s hero, which Neumeier derived from the literary source. Tolstoy’s reasoning on the topics that require in-depth philosophical reflection, which were inscribed into the artistic fabric of the novel, are instilled in the role of Levin. Creating the choreographic interpretation of this character, Neumeier did not pursue the original verbatim. However, the choreographer strongly emphasizes the difference between Levin and other characters. Determination of the staging techniques used for this purpose define the novelty of the research results, which can be applied in the further study of Neumeier's works. This includes explicit monologue, Stevens' songs as musical background, bare feet of the dancer, series of symbolic leitmotivs of bodily movements, arbitrary bodily movements that resemble improvisation, usage of costume details. Levin's monologues represent a performance within a performance, philosophical-symbolic choreographic meditation that is not connected with the overall plotline. Such solution, despite all apparent differences, conceptually brings together the choreographed character of Levin and the original text. Interpretation of this role is one of the key components in interpretation of L. Tolstoy's novel by J. Neumeier, which encompasses the author’s innovative staging solutions.
Propagation of dark soliton in nonlocal nonlinear coupler
Authors: Li Sen-Qing , Zhang Xiao , Lin Ji ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Published: September 2021

The characteristics of fundamental and mutipole dark solitons in the nonlocal nonlinear couplers are studied through numerical simulation in this work. Firstly, the fundamental dark solitons with different parameters are obtained by the Newton iteration. It is found that the amplitude and beam width of the ground state dark soliton increase with the enhancement of the nonlocality degree. As the nonlinear parameters increase or the propagation constant decreases, the amplitude of the fundamental dark soliton increases and the beam width decreases. The power of the fundamental dark soliton increases with the nonlocality degree and nonlinear parameters increasing, and decreases with the propagation constant increasing. The refractive index induced by the light field decreases with the nonlocality degree increasing and the propagation constant decreasing. The amplitudes of the two components of the fundamental dark soliton can be identical by adjusting the coupling coefficient. These numerical results are also verified in the case of multipole dark solitons. Secondly, the transmission stability of fundamental and mutipole dark solitons are studied. The stability of dark soliton is verified by the linear stability analysis and fractional Fourier evolution. It is found that the fundamental dark solitons are stable in their existing regions, while the stable region of the multipolar dark solitons depends on the nonlocality degree and the propagation constant. Finally, these different types of dark dipole solitons and dark tripole solitons are obtained by changing different parameters, and their structures affect the stability of dark soliton. It is found that the multipole dark soliton with potential well is more stable than that with potential barrier. The refractive-index distribution dependent spacing between the adjacent multipole dark solitons favors their stability.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal atoms doped CrBr3 monolayer
Authors: Chen Xu-Fan , Yang Qiang , Hu Xiao-Hui ,   College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China,   Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Published: September 2021

The CrBr3 monolayer is a two-dimensional semiconductor material with intrinsic ferromagnetism. However, the low Curie temperature of CrBr3 monolayer limits its practical development in innovative spintronic devices. The electronic and magnetic properties of transition-metal atoms doped CrBr3 monolayer have been systematically investigated by using the density functional theory calculations. The formation energy elucidates that all 3d transition metal (TM) atoms prefer to be doped in the middle of a hexagon (H) site of CrBr3 monolayer. And all the TM atoms, except the Zn atom, can bond strongly to the surrounding Cr atoms with sizable formation energy. The results also indicate that the magnetic moment of TM-CrBr3 system changes as a result of the charge transfer between TM atom and adjacent Cr atom. In addition, comparing with the intrinsic CrBr3, the TC of TM-CrBr3 system increases significantly, which means that the ferromagnetic stability of CrBr3 monolayer is enhanced. In particular, the TC of CrBr3 with Sc atom can be increased by 159%. The enhancement of ferromagnetism is mainly due to the competition between the direct exchange and the superexchange interaction. We also find that the electronic properties of the TM-CrBr3 systems are diverse. For example, Sc-, Ti-, V-, Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu- and Zn-CrBr3 exhibit spin gapless semiconductor (SGS) properties with 100% spin polarization at Fermi level. The TM-CrBr3 system can be adjusted from semiconductor to half-metal when Cr atoms are doped into the CrBr3 monolayer. This work, together with recent achievements in the field of two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials, provides an experimentally achievable guide for realizing the preparation of TM-CrBr3 system with high Curie temperature. Moreover, the possibility of application of these systems in nanoelectronics and spintronics is increased.
Elastic constants, electronic structures and thermal conductivity of monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt)
Authors: Fang Wen-Yu , Chen Yue , Ye Pan , Wei Hao-Ran , Xiao Xing-Lin , Li Ming-Kai , Ahuja Rajeev , He Yun-Bin ,   Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials,  Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Hubei Key Lab of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China,   Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-751-20, Sweden
Published: September 2021

Based on the first-principles calculations, the stability, elastic constants, electronic structure, and lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) are investigated in this work. The results show that XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) have mechanical and dynamic stability at the same time. In addition, the Young’s modulus of monolayer NiO2, PdO2 and PtO2 are 124.69 N·m–1, 103.31 N·m–1 and 116.51 N·m–1, Poisson’s ratio of monolayer NiO2, PdO2 and PtO2 are 0.25, 0.24 and 0.27, respectively, and each of them possesses high isotropy. The band structures show that monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) are indirect band-gap semiconductors with energy gap of 2.95 eV, 3.00 eV and 3.34 eV, respectively, and the energy levels near the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are mainly composed of Ni-3d/Pd-4d/Pt-5d and O-2p orbital electrons. Based on deformation potential theory, the carrier mobility of each monolayer is calculated, and the results show that the effective mass and deformation potential of monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) along the armchair and zigzag directions show obvious anisotropy, and the highest electron and hole mobility are 13707.96 and 53.25 cm2·V–1·s–1, 1288.12 and 19.18 cm2·V–1·s–1, and 404.71 and 270.60 cm2·V–1·s–1 for NiO2, PdO2 and PtO2, respectively. Furthermore, the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) at 300 K are 53.55 W·m–1·K–1, 19.06 W·m–1·K–1 and 17.43 W·m–1·K–1, respectively. These properties indicate that monolayer XO2 (X = Ni, Pd, Pt) have potential applications in nanometer electronic materials and thermal conductivity devices.
Zero-dimensional Sb3+ doped Rb7Bi3Cl16 metal halides with triplet self-trapped exciton emission
Authors: Yan Jun , Wang Zi-Yi , Zeng Ruo-Sheng , Zou Bing-Suo ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Published: September 2021

Low-dimensional metal halides have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent optical properties, especially zero-dimensional metal halides, which can improve the radiation recombination probability due to the characteristics of their isolated octahedral structures. In this paper, we report a zero-dimensional metal halide Sb3+ doped Rb7Bi3Cl16 with a broadband orange-yellow emission at 613 nm. When the Sb3+ doping concentration is 30%, the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of the system reaches 30.7%. This high-efficiency luminescence is derived from the self-trapped excitons generated by the strong interaction between electrons and the crystal lattice. The specific physical mechanism and energy transfer process of self-trapped exciton luminescence are further studied through characterizing the optical performances. The electronic states in the singlet 1P1 level are relaxed to the triplet 3P1 via an intersystem crossing process, and the strong orange-yellow emission comes from the triplet state 3P1→1S0 radiation recombination process. In addition, Sb3+ doped Rb7Bi3Cl16 has satisfactory environmental stability, the Sb3+:Rb7Bi3Cl16-based light-emitting diodes (LED) are fabricated here in this work, and the color coordinates and correlated color temperature of the LED are (0.4886, 0.4534) and 2641 K, respectively. The highly efficient and stable Sb3+ doped Rb7Bi3Cl16 is expected to be used in solid-state lighting and display fields.
Thermoelectric properties and prospects of MAX phases and derived MXene phases
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Yue-Yang , Nan Ce-Wen , Lin Yuan-Hua ,   State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for National on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Published: September 2021

Thermoelectric materials, a kind of new energy material, can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and vice versa, without needing any other energy conversion. However, the present development status of thermoelectric materials severely restricts their engineering applications in thermoelectric devices. Improving the thermoelectric performances of existing thermoelectric materials and exploring new thermoelectric materials with excellent performance are eternal research topics in thermoelectricity field. In recent years, the MAX phases and their derived MXene phases have gradually received the attention of researchers due to their unique microstructures and properties. The crystal structure of MAX phases is comprised of Mn+1Xn structural units and the single atomic plane of A stacked alternately. The two-dimensional MXene phase derived can be prepared after the atoms in the A-layer of MAX have been etched. The MAX phases and their derived MXene phases have both metal feature and ceramic feature, and also have good thermal conductivity and electric conductivity, and they are anticipated to be the promising thermoelectric materials. In this paper, the present development status of the preparation technology and the thermoelectric properties of MAX phases and MXene are reviewed. Finally, some feasible schemes to improve the thermoelectric properties of MAX and its derived MXene phase materials are proposed, and the development direction and prospect of MAX phases and MXene are prospected as well.
Realizing high thermoelectric performance in SnSe2 via intercalating Cu
Authors: Li Cai-Yun , He Wen-Ke , Wang Dong-Yang , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Li-Dong ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,   Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310056, China
Published: September 2021

SnSe, a layered material with intrinsic low thermal conductivity, is reported to have excellent thermoelectric properties. SnSe2 has a similar structure to SnSe, but the SnSe2 has a low electrical transport, resulting in a poor thermoelectric performance, and the intrinsic SnSe2 has a maximum ZT value of only ~ 0.09 at 773 K. In this work, SnSe1.98Br0.02-y%Cu (y = 0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) bulk materials are synthesized by the melting method combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) based on the carrier concentration improved through Br doping. In the SnSe2 materials with van der Waals chemical bonding between layers, the synergistic effects of intercalating Cu on the thermoelectric properties are investigated. On the one hand, the extra Cu not only provides additional electrons but also can be embedded stably in the van der Waals gap and form an intercalated structure, which is beneficial to the charge transfer in or out of the layers, and thus synergistically improving the carrier concentration and carrier mobility. On the other hand, owing to the dynamic Cu doping, the increase of carrier concentration compensates for the decrease of carrier mobility caused by carrier-carrier scattering, which maintains the high electrical transport properties at high temperature. The present results show that at room temperature, the power factors along the parallel and perpendicular to the SPS (//P and ⊥P) sintering directions increase from ~0.65 and ~0.98 µW·cm–1·K–2 for intrinsic SnSe2 to ~10 and ~19 μW·cm–1·K–2 for SnSe1.98Br0.02-0.75%Cu samples, respectively. Finally, at 773 K, the maximum ZT value of ~0.8 is achieved along the ⊥P direction. This study proves that the SnSe2 greatly promises to become an excellent thermoelectric material.
Ancient role of sulfakinin/cholecystokinin-type signalling in inhibitory regulation of feeding processes revealed in an echinoderm
Authors: Tinoco Ana B , Barreiro-Iglesias Antón , Yañez Guerra Luis Alfonso , Delroisse Jérôme , Zhang Ya , Gunner Elizabeth F , Zampronio Cleidiane G , Jones Alexandra M , Egertová Michaela , Elphick Maurice R
Published: September 2021

Sulfakinin (SK)/cholecystokinin (CCK)-type neuropeptides regulate feeding and digestion in protostomes (e.g. insects) and chordates. Here, we characterised SK/CCK-type signalling for the first time in a non-chordate deuterostome – the starfish Asterias rubens (phylum Echinodermata). In this species, two neuropeptides (ArSK/CCK1, ArSK/CCK2) derived from the precursor protein ArSK/CCKP act as ligands for an SK/CCK-type receptor (ArSK/CCKR) and these peptides/proteins are expressed in the nervous system, digestive system, tube feet, and body wall. Furthermore, ArSK/CCK1 and ArSK/CCK2 cause dose-dependent contraction of cardiac stomach, tube foot, and apical muscle preparations in vitro, and injection of these neuropeptides in vivo triggers cardiac stomach retraction and inhibition of the onset of feeding in A. rubens. Thus, an evolutionarily ancient role of SK/CCK-type neuropeptides as inhibitory regulators of feeding-related processes in the Bilateria has been conserved in the unusual and unique context of the extra-oral feeding behaviour and pentaradial body plan of an echinoderm.
The evolution of strategy in bacterial warfare via the regulation of bacteriocins and antibiotics
Authors: Niehus Rene , Oliveira Nuno M , Li Aming , Fletcher Alexander G , Foster Kevin R
Published: September 2021

Bacteria inhibit and kill one another with a diverse array of compounds, including bacteriocins and antibiotics. These attacks are highly regulated, but we lack a clear understanding of the evolutionary logic underlying this regulation. Here, we combine a detailed dynamic model of bacterial competition with evolutionary game theory to study the rules of bacterial warfare. We model a large range of possible combat strategies based upon the molecular biology of bacterial regulatory networks. Our model predicts that regulated strategies, which use quorum sensing or stress responses to regulate toxin production, will readily evolve as they outcompete constitutive toxin production. Amongst regulated strategies, we show that a particularly successful strategy is to upregulate toxin production in response to an incoming competitor’s toxin, which can be achieved via stress responses that detect cell damage (competition sensing). Mirroring classical game theory, our work suggests a fundamental advantage to reciprocation. However, in contrast to classical results, we argue that reciprocation in bacteria serves not to promote peaceful outcomes but to enable efficient and effective attacks.
Binding affinity landscapes constrain the evolution of broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibodies
Authors: Phillips Angela M , Lawrence Katherine R , Moulana Alief , Dupic Thomas , Chang Jeffrey , Johnson Milo S , Cvijovic Ivana , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M , Desai Michael M
Published: September 2021

Over the past two decades, several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that confer protection against diverse influenza strains have been isolated. Structural and biochemical characterization of these bnAbs has provided molecular insight into how they bind distinct antigens. However, our understanding of the evolutionary pathways leading to bnAbs, and thus how best to elicit them, remains limited. Here, we measure equilibrium dissociation constants of combinatorially complete mutational libraries for two naturally isolated influenza bnAbs (CR9114, 16 heavy-chain mutations; CR6261, 11 heavy-chain mutations), reconstructing all possible evolutionary intermediates back to the unmutated germline sequences. We find that these two libraries exhibit strikingly different patterns of breadth: while many variants of CR6261 display moderate affinity to diverse antigens, those of CR9114 display appreciable affinity only in specific, nested combinations. By examining the extensive pairwise and higher order epistasis between mutations, we find key sites with strong synergistic interactions that are highly similar across antigens for CR6261 and different for CR9114. Together, these features of the binding affinity landscapes strongly favor sequential acquisition of affinity to diverse antigens for CR9114, while the acquisition of breadth to more similar antigens for CR6261 is less constrained. These results, if generalizable to other bnAbs, may explain the molecular basis for the widespread observation that sequential exposure favors greater breadth, and such mechanistic insight will be essential for predicting and eliciting broadly protective immune responses.
Probabilistically sampled and spectrally clustered plant species using phenotypic characteristics
Authors: Shastri Aditya A. , Ahuja Kapil , Ratnaparkhe Milind B. , Busnel Yann
Published: September 2021

Phenotypic characteristics of a plant species refers to its physical properties as cataloged by plant biologists at different research centers around the world. Clustering species based upon their phenotypic characteristics is used to obtain diverse sets of parents that are useful in their breeding programs. The Hierarchical Clustering (HC) algorithm is the current standard in clustering of phenotypic data. This algorithm suffers from low accuracy and high computational complexity issues. To address the accuracy challenge, we propose the use of Spectral Clustering (SC) algorithm. To make the algorithm computationally cheap, we propose using sampling, specifically, Pivotal Sampling that is probability based. Since application of samplings to phenotypic data has not been explored much, for effective comparison, another sampling technique called Vector Quantization (VQ) is adapted for this data as well. VQ has recently generated promising results for genotypic data. The novelty of our SC with Pivotal Sampling algorithm is in constructing the crucial similarity matrix for the clustering algorithm and defining probabilities for the sampling technique. Although our algorithm can be applied to any plant species, we tested it on the phenotypic data obtained from about 2,400 Soybean species. SC with Pivotal Sampling achieves substantially more accuracy (in terms of Silhouette Values) than all the other proposed competitive clustering with sampling algorithms (i.e. SC with VQ, HC with Pivotal Sampling, and HC with VQ). The complexities of our SC with Pivotal Sampling algorithm and these three variants are almost the same because of the involved sampling. In addition to this, SC with Pivotal Sampling outperforms the standard HC algorithm in both accuracy and computational complexity. We experimentally show that we are up to 45% more accurate than HC in terms of clustering accuracy. The computational complexity of our algorithm is more than a magnitude less than that of HC.
Representaciones de Naturaleza en Isla Victoria
Authors:   CONICET IID y PCA UNLP, Maia Vargas Gabriela Klier
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo proponemos abordar, desde un enfoque interdisciplinar, los cambios históricos en la definición y representación de la naturaleza patagónica, a partir de indagar el caso del proyecto de Vivero y arboretum en la Isla Victoria, en el lago Nahuel Huapi. Pretendemos dar cuenta cómo las representaciones que se realizan desde las instituciones científicas y gubernamentales acompañan los proyectos político-ideológicos cada período histórico. Tomaremos como fuentes de análisis parte de las representaciones visuales pertenecientes al arte institucional (los mapas y fotografías de archivo pertenecientes al Museo de la Patagonia en Bariloche), algunas entrevistas realizadas a profesionales vinculados a nuestro objeto de estudio y otras fuentes bibliográficas históricas. Nuestra hipótesis es que el proyecto de forestación en Isla Victoria-que se inicia en 1925 con Gross y la creación del arboretum- reflejó la cosmovisión ilustrada moderna, mediante la cual se ha buscado “construir naturaleza” bajo una lógica positivista. Se enfatiza un vínculo con la naturaleza como Otredad y como objeto a dominar, ya sea de modo ornamental o productivo. Esta cosmovisión se plasma en las representaciones científicas de la naturaleza de la Isla. Esta perspectiva de una “Naturaleza a mejorar”, pareciera ser antagónica a las nuevas miradas ecológicas. Desde la década de 1970 cambia el paradigma sobre el uso de exóticas y se advierten sus peligros, promoviendo acciones de conservación de especies nativas.
Elogio de la parodia estética del género: sobre el doble carácter de la performatividad en la fotografía artística
Authors: Alarcón Cecilia Alejandra
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se pone de relieve el impacto que tienen las reglas estéticas de una cultura sobre la configuración de las sociopolíticamente denominadas ‘identidades de género’ de los sujetos. Se trabaja con la agencialidad de la imagen fotográfica, a partir del cual se describe el carácter performativo de la fotografía, que opera tanto en un sentido normativo como en uno subversivo. El objetivo general de este artículo es situar a la parodia estética como una herramienta política potencialmente capaz de sublevarse contra los valores éticos y estéticos de los géneros sexuales dominantes en la cultura occidental contemporánea. Para ello se recurre al análisis de fotografías consideradas como dispositivos de construcción de subjetividad. Se describen distintas estéticas de género constitutivas del imaginario social de esta cultura, la normativa, la abyecta y la paródica. A la parodia estética se le atribuyen tres características que resultan fundamentales para llevar a cabo la tarea de desestabilizar las normas estéticas hegemónicas de las identidades de género, a saber, la intransitividad, concepto tomado de la teoría de Wittgenstein, la repetición, noción que situamos en la obra de Butler, y el movimiento, principio derivado de nuestro análisis
La suspensión del sentido: Cahiers du cinéma y la Nouvelle Vague en el comienzo de los años sesenta / The Suspended Meaning: Cahiers du cinéma and the French New Wave in the Early Sixties
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Oubiña David
Published: September 2021

¿Cómo reacciona Cahiers du cinéma frente al surgimiento de la Nouvelle vague? ¿Qué estrategias implementa la revista ante el riesgo de que la politique des auteurs se convierta en una politique de l’amitié? Mientras otras publicaciones, como Positif o Présence du cinéma, se dedican a atacar a los nuevos cineastas, Éric Rohmer (que ha quedado a cargo de la jefatura de redacción luego de que sus antiguos colegas han decidido lanzarse como directores de cine) profundiza su predilección por el clasicismo y evita referirse a los films modernos. Su resistencia a comprometerse con la contemporaneidad genera fricciones en el interior de Cahiers y, finalmente, Rohmer será desplazado por Jacques Rivette. Comienza un nuevo ciclo en la revista: el nuevo jefe de redacción entiende que el cine moderno reclama una crítica moderna y que ya no hay que producir sentido a partir de los films sino que, en cambio, se trata de suspenderlo. Desde la perspectiva de una crítica histórica, el presente artículo intenta reconstruir las etapas de ese conflictivo momento de transición. Se trata de mostrar cómo emerge de allí una cierta noción de cine moderno y una nueva manera de concebir el estatuto de la imagen.
El Museo de Arte: la taxonomía y el Patrimonio como operaciones de formación del objeto y el espacio actual
Authors:   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez (Chile), Maire Palma Gonzalo Andrés
Published: September 2021

Este artículo es un estudio crítico de dos operaciones fundamentales del Museo de Arte actual: su facultad de taxonomización de lo real y su complicidad con la categoría de Patrimonio. En la formulación contemporánea del Museo de Arte, este trabajo discute los alcances y efectos de la taxonomía como intento de (re)producción de un régimen unitario y continuo de legibilidad e instalación de los objetos, así como la investidura de los objetos como Patrimonio, y en virtud de su posibilidad de experiencia, al modo de “documento-archivo” o “simulacro”.
Traducción y creación artística en la frontera semiótica entre Italia y la Argentina (1880-1910)
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Weber José Ignacio
Published: September 2021

Este ensayo explora el contacto entre Italia y Argentina durante el periodo de la inmigración masiva a partir del señalamiento y comentario de una serie de traducciones y creaciones artísticas de italianos en Buenos Aires: obras musicales, literarias, teatrales y pictóricas. Para comprender cómo estaba compuesta la frontera semiótica, abordamos la cuestión desde de la intersección entre la traductología y la teoría semiótica de la interacción cultural. La metodología consiste en la descripción de la frontera semiótica mostrando qué textos resultaban de interés para quiénes y para qué. Así se devela cómo se posicionó cierta tendencia cultural en relación con el proyecto de sostenimiento de la italianità en Buenos Aires a fines del siglo xix. La frontera entre las culturas italiana y argentina se modela como un mecanismo bilingüe de mediación con el que un grupo cultural de inmigrantes desarrolló acciones para proponer los lineamientos textuales y metatextuales del contacto.
Espacio, sociedad y afectos en tres novelas de Valparaíso: Salvador Reyes, Manuel Rojas y Armando Méndez Carrasco
Authors:   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Figueroa Flores Ximena del Carmen , González Alfonso Felipe André ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Published: September 2021

Las tres novelas escogidas responden a la decadencia económica de Valparaíso a mediados del siglo XX al representar el espacio y la sociedad, así como los afectos predominantes: Valparaíso, puerto de nostalgia ([1936]1955) de Salvador Reyes, se sitúa en el Plan de la ciudad y fluctúa entre la idealización nostálgica de la burguesía inglesa y la bohemia del presente; Hijo de ladrón (1951) de Manuel Rojas y El mundo herido (1955) de Armando Méndez Carrasco, privilegian, en cambio, el espacio de los cerros y transitan hacia un período de duelo frente al tiempo perdido, actualizando, respectivamente, los valores ilustrados y la comunidad tradicional.
Ciudad penitenciaria: necropolítica y las formas audiovisuales del Noir Lumpen Latinoamericano
Authors:   Instituto de Estudios Avanzados-IDEA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santa Cruz Grau José Miguel
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza un grupo de producciones audiovisuales latinoamericanas a la luz del problema de lo “necropolítico” de Achile Mbembe. Estas películas y series de televisión se han producido desde los años noventa del siglo xx hasta la actualidad, y tienen como universo temático el mundo delincuencial de ciudades latinoamericanas, corpus que he conceptualizado anteriormente dentro de la estética audiovisual como Noir Lumpen latinoamericano. Dentro de esto, nos posibilitará pensar un problema extracinematográfico: cómo las formas “necropolíticas” son el régimen biopolítico en que viven vastos sectores de las sociedades latinoamericanas y que sus espacios urbanos no toman las formas de la cárcel panóptica foucaultiana, sino las formas de los pabellones penitenciarios latinoamericanos
BENEFICIOS DEL ROL DE ENFERMERÍA EN SALUD ESCOLAR, IMPLEMENTACIÓN A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Cáceres Pérez María Francisca , Castillo Castillo Nicole Isabel , Salinas Vergara Camila Fernanda , Bianchetti Saavedra Andrés Felipe , Vega Flores Rosa Inés
Published: September 2021

La salud escolar en Chile se desarrolla a nivel de la Atención Primaria en salud a cargo de los profesionales de enfermería, quienes por su rol deben velar por el bienestar integral de la comunidad escolar, fortaleciendo conductas de autocuidado y hábitos saludables a través de la promoción y prevención e investigación en salud. OBJETIVO: Analizar los beneficios del rol de enfermería en salud escolar desde el punto de vista político y social en países en que ha sido legalmente implementada a nivel internacional. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en bases de datos (Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Oxford, Web of Science). Se utilizó el flujograma PRISMA. La calidad metodológica consideró los criterios de alto, medio y bajo cumplimiento de 46 indicadores de una pauta de lectura crítica. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 32 artículos en los últimos 5 años. Las líneas temáticas encontradas fueron las políticas públicas en salud escolar, destacando países como EEUU, España y México con regulación sobre la Enfermera escolar, en cambio en Latinoamérica, existe una regulación parcial o carencia como en Chile. Las competencias y acciones del profesional de enfermería en establecimientos educacionales tienen como prioridad la promoción de la salud y la educación a la comunidad escolar. Se evidencia que las consultas que atiende la enfermera escolar son de urgencia y son variables según la zona geográfica. CONCLUSIONES: La implementación legal del rol de enfermería escolar ofrece ventajas significativas para la mejora del sistema sanitario del país, incrementando la calidad asistencial y mejorando el acceso a salud.
EMPODERAMIENTO DEL ROL SOCIOPOLÍTICO DE ENFERMERAS Y ENFERMEROS
Authors:   Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile), Landman Cecilia
Published: September 2021

El empoderamiento del rol sociopolítico plantea grandes desafíos al profesional de enfermería, como ciudadanos comprometidos con las personas, familias y comunidades, considerando los requerimientos del escenario socio-sanitario actual. Para asumir este rol en propiedad se deben superar limitaciones tanto internas, como externas. El objetivo de esta reflexión es conceptualizar el rol sociopolítico de enfermeras/os e identificar las posibles barreras existentes para asumir dicho rol. Finalmente, se realizará una propuesta para configurar y potenciar una nueva enfermería que evidencie autonomía y liderazgo para contribuir a la formulación de políticas sanitarias, que dé cuenta de los desafíos planteados por el actual escenario socio-sanitario.
Vocabulary learning strategies and vocabulary size: Insights from educational level and learner styles
Authors: Alahmadi Alaa , Shank Christopher , Foltz Anouschka
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effect of different vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) as well as different learner styles on vocabulary size in Saudi Arabic-speaking students in higher education. The goals of this study were to examine which VLS undergraduates used more frequently than postgraduates and vice versa, to determine which VLS related positively and significantly to vocabulary size, and to explore individual learner styles and their relationship to vocabulary size. Participants filled in a VLS questionnaire and completed a vocabulary size test. The results indicated that undergraduates tended to use simpler strategies than postgraduates. The strategies of guessing a word’s meaning from context and watching television related positively with vocabulary size in both groups. Clustering analysis revealed two learner groups which differed in how frequently they used VLS overall, rather than in terms of which VLS they preferred. Those students who used more VLS overall also had larger vocabulary sizes, irrespective of educational level. We thus found no evidence for differences in individual learner styles in the current groups. We conclude that VLS usage should be encouraged overall, but that the need for instructors to cater to individual vocabulary learning styles may not be warranted.
Chemical Composition and Nutraceutical Potential of Velvet Tamarind (Dialium guineense wild) Fruit Pulp
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Ayita Emmanuel B. , Oluba Simeon O. , Emaleku Sunday A. , Osunmuyiwa Ojo J. , Megwas Anthony U.
Published: September 2021

Background: Fruits are known as excellent source of mineral and vitamins and may be used to increase rural population food quality. Consuming fruits and vegetables may usually aid in the prevention of chronic and degenerative diseases.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of velvet tamarind (D. guineense wild) fruit and its nutraceutical potential.

Methodology: The fruit of velvet tamarind was purchased from “Oja-Oba” market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The fruits were sun-dried, the coat and seed were removed by mechanical means. The pulp was ground using a pestle and mortar, and were transferred into an electric blender (Moulinex) for further grinding. After grinding, the powder was sieved into a finer particle and was used to determine the proximate, phytochemical, vitamin and mineral compositions of velvet tamarind fruit.

Results: Velvet tamarind fruit contains high concentration of carbohydrate (79.78%) but very low concentration of fat (0.43%). The phytochemical composition of the fruit has flavonoid (33.78 mg) and phytate (0.07mg) as the highest and lowest phytochemicals respectively. Velvet tamarind pulp was observed to be rich in vitamins with vitamin C (28.82 mg/100g) and vitamin B1 (0.84) having the highest and lowest concentrations respectively. Velvet tamarind pulp contained 5.85 mg/100g of potassium and 0.38 mg/100g of phosphorus as the highest and lowest minerals respectively.

Conclusion: The composition of velvet tamarind fruit obtained in this study revealed that it is a good source of nutrient, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. It should be incorporated as food supplement to reduce malnutrition. It is a fruit with promising nutraceutical potential, thus it is a useful tool for further drug development from the natural plant products.