bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A theory of the anxiolytic action of flumazenil in anxiety disorders
Authors: Gallo Alexander T , Hulse Gary K
Published: April 2022

Background:

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent affecting up to 33.7% of people over a lifetime. Although many treatment options are available, they are often associated with unacceptable side-effect profiles and approximately one in three patients are treatment resistant. Allopregnanolone, a neuroactive steroid acting as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAA receptor, is synthesised in response to stress and acts to negatively modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.

Findings:

After chronic exposure to and withdrawal from allopregnanolone, an increase in α4β2δ GABAA receptors results in a reduced inhibitory effect of allopregnanolone, resulting in decreased inhibition and, therefore, increased neuronal excitability. The relationship between allopregnanolone and increased α4β2δ GABAA receptors has been demonstrated in animal models during methamphetamine withdrawal and puberty, events both associated with stress. The effect of allopregnanolone during these events is anxiogenic, a paradoxical action to its usual anxiolytic effects. Flumazenil, the GABAA receptor antagonist, has been shown to cause receptor internalisation of α4β2δ GABAA receptors, which may results in anxiolysis.

Conclusion:

We propose that chronic stress and chronic exposure to and withdrawal from allopregnanolone in anxiety disorders result in alterations in GABAA receptor function, which can be corrected by flumazenil. As such, flumazenil may exhibit anxiolytic properties in patients with increased α4β2δ GABAA receptor expression.
The complexity of cancer immunotherapy illustrated through skin tumors
Authors: Vieco-Martí I. , López-Carrasco A. , de la Cruz-Merino L. , Noguera R. , Álvaro Naranjo T.
Published: April 2022

Skin tumours are among the cancer types most sensitive to immunotherapy, due to their unique immunogenic features including skin-associated lymphoid tissue, high mutational load, overexpression of tumour antigens, and high frequency of viral antigens. Despite this high immunotherapy response rate, however, ultimately most skin tumours develop similar treatment resistance to most other malignant tumours, which highlights the need for in-depth study of mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy. A bibliographic review of the most recent publications regarding currently in use and emerging biomarkers on skin tumors has been done. Predictive biomarkers of treatment response, biomarkers that warn of possible resistance, and emerging markers, the majority of a systemic nature, are described. Including factors affecting not only genomics, but also the immune system, nervous system, microbiota, tumour microenvironment, metabolism and stress. For accurate diagnosis of tumour type, knowledge of its functional mechanisms and selection of a comprehensive therapeutic protocol, this inclusive view of biology, health and disease is fundamental. This field of study could also become a valuable source of practical information applicable to other areas of oncology and immunotherapy.
Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018–2020
Authors: Chavez Koji , Weisshaar Katherine , Cabello-Hutt Tania
Published: April 2022

In this article, we ask whether macro-level changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to changes in the levels of discrimination against women and Black job-seekers at the point of hire. We develop three main hypotheses: that discrimination against women and Black job-seekers increases due to a reduction in labor demand; that discrimination against women decreases due to the reduced supply of women employees and applicants; and that discrimination against Black job-seekers decreases due to increased attention toward racial inequities associated with the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020. We test these hypotheses using a correspondence audit study collected over two periods, before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, for one professional occupation: accountants. We find that White women experience a positive change in callbacks during the pandemic, being preferred over White men, and this change is concentrated in geographic areas that experienced relatively larger decreases in women's labor supply. Black women experience discrimination pre-pandemic but receive similar callbacks to White men during the pandemic. In contrast to both White and Black women, discrimination against Black men is persistent before and during the pandemic. Our findings are consistent with the prediction of gender-specific changes in labor supply being associated with gender-specific changes in hiring discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. More broadly, our study shows how hiring decision-making is related to macro-level labor market processes.
In vivo assessment of genotoxic effects in Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) exposed to selected metal(oid)s
Authors: Kontaş Seda
Published: April 2022

Heavy metals and metalloids originating from industrial, agricultural, and urban wastes and increasing in aquatic ecosystems cause genotoxic damage to fish species. This study aimed to determine the potential genotoxic effects of mixtures of aluminum, arsenic, and manganese in Cyprinus carpio. The effects of the mixtures on erythrocyte cells of C. carpio were examined using the comet assay, micronucleus test, and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in two groups after exposure to three doses of the mixtures (Group A; Dose 1: 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.02 mg/L, Dose 2: 0.6 + 0.2 + 0.04 mg/L, Dose 3: 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.06 mg/L and Group B; Dose 1: 1 + 3 +0.1 mg/L, Dose 2: 2 + 6 + 0.2 mg/L, Dose 3: 3 + 9 + 0.3 mg/L). Experimental groups were formed according to the permissible limits specified in the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). The results of comet assay parameters such as tail DNA %, tail moment, and olive tail moment confirmed the genotoxic effect of metal(oid)s mixtures on erythrocyte cells compared with control groups and showed that DNA damage increased with increasing the concentrations. The micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei, notched nuclei, eightshaped nuclei, lobed nuclei, and binucleated cells were detected in the erythrocyte cells exposed to the mixtures. Consequently, it was found that the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities significantly increased in the erythrocyte cells exposed to metal(oid) concentrations compared to control groups. These results show the existence of potential genotoxicity in C. carpio even at the minimum values specified in the TSWQR after exposure to the mixtures.
Longitudinal Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Use in a Population Cohort of South African Women
Authors: Yalch Matthew M. , Christodoulou Joan , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Tomlinson Mark
Published: April 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common traumatic stressor for women worldwide, especially for women living in low-and-middle-income countries. One of the most common correlates of IPV victimization is alcohol use, but the dynamics of IPV and drinking among women are not well understood. Although some research suggests that women drink in the aftermath of IPV to cope with distress related to the violence they experienced, other studies imply that higher levels of alcohol use among one or both partners in a relationship make violence more likely. In this study, we examine this question in a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study of a population cohort of pregnant women in South Africa ( N = 1238) using a Bayesian approach to latent growth curve structural equation modeling. Results indicate that on average, IPV decreases and alcohol use increases over time and that these trajectories are associated with each other. Further, results suggest that although IPV drives drinking (rather than the other way around), higher average levels of alcohol use are associated with a slower decrease in IPV. Findings have implications for future research on the association between IPV and alcohol use, as well as for clinical intervention for women who experienced IPV.
Students’ Reflections on Learning Experiences in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Kadakia Nira N. , Nolan Mary E. , Illingworth Kimberly S.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Final year pharmacy students participate in advanced pharmacy practice experiences in multiple settings. Each practice setting offers different opportunities for student learning and growth. Experiences at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) allow student pharmacists to work with patients with unique health and socioeconomic challenges. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of an ambulatory care rotation at an FQHC on pharmacy students’ learning. Methods: Final year pharmacy students submitted weekly reflections about their experiences at an FQHC using the Driscoll method of reflection. They reflected on activities, examined their effects on learning and growth, and discussed the impact the experiences would have on future practice. Qualitative analysis of students’ reflections was conducted to identify themes related to learning and professional growth. Results: Pharmacy students (N = 11) reflected upon a variety of topics during their rotations at an FQHC. Fifteen themes and 11 sub-themes were identified by the reviewers within 43 reflections. Reflections covered three general areas: types of experiences students participate in at an FQHC, current and future effects of those experiences on student learning or patients’ health, and students’ emotional reactions during the experiences. Conclusions: Student reflections demonstrated that rotation experiences contributed to their growth and learning in communication, collaboration, and empathy. Additionally, students indicated that they gained confidence and skills throughout the rotation. By identifying the meaning students attributed to their learning experiences, reflections can be used to assess rotation activities for modification or continued inclusion.
Understanding the Internationalization of Turkish Higher Education through Discourse Analysis
Authors: Efe Ibrahim , Ozer Omer
Published: April 2022

This paper explores discourses on and around internationalization as a reflection of the contemporary development of Turkish higher education. It analyses policy documents published by the Council of Higher Education (henceforth the CoHE), academic and media articles over ten years. By examining these texts through a combination of policy framing analysis and (critical) discourse analysis, the study explores how discourses on and around internationalization are framed by policy-makers, academics and media commentators. The study concludes that policy-makers’, academics’ and media commentators’ understanding of internationalization is not solidified into a clear-cut and homogeneous definition and that internationalization is often quantified with references to student and academic numbers. In fact, the discourses on/around internationalization reflect aspects of global trends towards the marketization of higher education and significantly of Turkey's economy policies.
Barriers and Facilitators Influencing Arab Muslim Immigrant and Refugee Women’s Breast Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review
Authors: Racine Louise , Isik Andsoy Isil
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

This narrative review identifies barriers and facilitators influencing breast cancer screening among Arab Muslim immigrants and refugees. Low participation rates create health inequities in breast cancer screening among this population.

Method:

A systematic search of peer-reviewed empirical articles was performed. PRISMA, CASP, and MMAT checklists were used to appraise the studies.

Results:

Results include 3 themes: individual, health care system and health providers, and cultural factors.

Discussion:

Lack of fluency in the new country’s language, lack of knowledge, and poor exposure to breast cancer screening may contribute to the Arab Muslim women’s vulnerability to undiagnosed or delayed breast cancer diagnosis.
Development of a portable damage detection system based on electromechanical impedance technique for monitoring of bolted joint structures
Authors: Kim Yi-Seul , Na Wongi S
Published: April 2022

Structural health monitoring of structures in general usually require an expert to permanently attach a sensor onto a specific area. This would be important for mechanical structures with bolted joints, such as in aircrafts or even machines as human lives depend on its structural integrity. However, for large civil infrastructures with bolted joints, such as in cable stayed bridges, installing a monitoring system with a large number of sensors would be unrealistic as the cost of the system would be significantly high. In addition, the time frame for certain bolts to loosen for civil structures can be quite long and one could say that a real time monitoring system is unnecessary as a routine maintenance is conducted for civil structures. An effective way of identifying bolt loosening would be vital for safety inspectors to inspect the target structure with minimized time. Thus, in this study, a piezoelectric transducer based non-destructive testing method is introduced to identify bolt loosening. The concept of real time online monitoring could be replaced with the portable damage detection concept shown in this study as the proposed idea could minimize the overall cost of the maintenance process.
From eye-blinks to state construction: Diagnostic benchmarks for online representation learning
Authors: Rafiee Banafsheh , Abbas Zaheer , Ghiassian Sina , Kumaraswamy Raksha , Sutton Richard S , Ludvig Elliot A , White Adam
Published: April 2022

We present three new diagnostic prediction problems inspired by classical-conditioning experiments to facilitate research in online prediction learning. Experiments in classical conditioning show that animals such as rabbits, pigeons, and dogs can make long temporal associations that enable multi-step prediction. To replicate this remarkable ability, an agent must construct an internal state representation that summarizes its interaction history. Recurrent neural networks can automatically construct state and learn temporal associations. However, the current training methods are prohibitively expensive for online prediction—continual learning on every time step—which is the focus of this paper. Our proposed problems test the learning capabilities that animals readily exhibit and highlight the limitations of the current recurrent learning methods. While the proposed problems are nontrivial, they are still amenable to extensive testing and analysis in the small-compute regime, thereby enabling researchers to study issues in isolation, ultimately accelerating progress towards scalable online representation learning methods.
Effect of long-wave deviation of stator plane on high-speed maglev train and guideway system
Authors: Tian Xiangfu , Xiang Huoyue , Zhu Jin , Li Yongle , Zeng Min
Published: April 2022

Pre-stressed concrete hybrid guideways are often used in the high-speed maglev transit system. The long-wave deviations of the stator plane based on the initial pre-camber could be possibly caused by temperature and concrete creep. When the high-speed maglev train moves over the guideways system, significant vehicular vibration could be triggered by the long-wave deviations. In the present study, the influence of the long-wave deviations on the dynamic characteristics of high-speed maglev train is investigated. First, the vertical analysis model of the coupled maglev train-guideway system is presented, and the loading model of long wave deviations of the stator plane is determined. Then, the effect of several key parameters, that is, initial pre-camber, the long wave deviations levels, train speeds, and the bridge span, on the dynamic response of maglev train-guideway system is evaluated. The results show that the initial pre-camber will improve the driving safety index and riding comfort level, especially for the middle vehicle of the high-speed maglev train. The results also indicate that the existence of long-wave deviation on the stator plane could deteriorate the driving safety and comfort level of the vehicle. Meanwhile, higher train speed and long-wave deviations levels as well as larger bridge span result in larger vehicle dynamic response.
Abuse and Discrimination Experienced by Older Women in the Era of COVID-19: A Two-Wave Representative Community Survey in Hong Kong
Authors: Yan Elsie , Lai Daniel W. L. , Lee Vincent W. P. , Bai Xue , K. L. Ng Haze
Published: April 2022

Although there is a growing volume of research on violence against women, violence against older women has received little attention to date. Little is known about the experience of elder abuse, discrimination, loneliness, and health among older women, in particular in the era of COVID-19 when our lives have been changed drastically. Using two waves of survey data ( N = 1,498), this study compared the estimates of elder abuse and age discrimination before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, examined their associations with physical and mental health, and explored the mediating effects of loneliness on the associations in two independent samples of older women in Hong Kong. Reductions in some forms of abuse and discrimination against older women during the pandemic were observed. Findings from regression analyses show that elder abuse and age discrimination were associated with poorer health, and these associations were mediated by loneliness.
Strengths, Weaknesses, Threats, and Opportunities a Pediatric Home Care Program in Covid 19 Virus Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kalhor Faramarzeh , Adel Mehraban Marzieh , Keyvanfar Majied , Behjeh Zobeideh , Namnabati Mahboobeh
Published: April 2022

Covid 19 has made a huge difference in all aspects of life, especially in care and treatment. Hospitalization is limited because of infected family members and fear of getting Covid 19 has limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing conditions based on the SWOT analysis for the home care program for children in Coronavirus crisis. This study is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 18 nurses, physicians, and faculty members, selected based on their willingness to participate in the study and through purposeful sampling. Two specialized panels and 10 presence and in-presence interview sessions were held to collect data. Then, the data were analyzed using SWOT analysis. Four main categories were emerged of the study including: (a) need for a legal protocol, (b) mutual fear of Covid-19, (c) self-responsibility in Corona, and (d) team working approach in the program development. In addition, solutions based on the SWOT analytical were suggested. The results of the study showed that it is necessary to develop a formal protocol, along with self-responsibility, and a program based on the needs of the community and the Covid crisis incorporating the team opinion.
A Longitudinal Study of Police Differential Response Team Impact on Crime in Houston: A Test of Broken Windows Thesis
Authors: Zhao Jihong , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to partially test the broken windows thesis, and to evaluate the effect of Houston’s Differential Response Team (DRT) in particular at the patrol division level using crime-related calls for service data (CFS) in the city. Monthly DRT assignment data over a period of 13 years in five different space-time patterns were utilized to estimate the effect of targeted disorder enforcement from 2005 to 2017. Our findings suggest that the DRT overall did not produce significant effects on crime-related calls, with only one out of five space-time patterns showing demonstrable benefit. We highlighted the underlying features generating differential rates of crime across geographic areas as an explanation in the discussion section. The unique feature of this study was the focus on routine police activities as opposed to arrests as the key indicator of law enforcement intervention in the management of crime.
Corpus callosum damage to account for cognitive, affective, and social-cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis: A model of callosal disconnection syndrome?
Authors: Degraeve Béatrice , Sequeira Henrique , Mecheri Halima , Lenne Bruno
Published: April 2022

The corpus callosum (CC) is the major commissure interconnecting the two hemispheres and is particularly affected in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present review, we aimed to investigate the role played by callosal damages in the pathogenesis of MS-related dysfunctions and examine whether a model of callosal disconnection syndrome is a valid model for MS. For this purpose, we will first review structural and functional evidence of callosal pathology in MS. Second, we will account for the potential role of CC abnormalities in MS-related dysfunctions. Finally, we will report data concurring with a “multiple disconnection hypothesis” that has been proposed to explain those dysfunctions, and we will examine evidence pointing toward MS as a “callosal disconnection syndrome.” We will end by discussing the contribution of this interpretation to the understanding of MS and MS-related deficits.
An integrated model of the determinants and outcomes of workplace ostracism in the tourism industry
Authors: Soliman Mohammad , Elbaz Ahmed Mohamed , Gulvady Samskrati , Shabana Maha M , Maher Hanan
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the impact of organizational deviance and coworker envy on workplace ostracism. It also assesses the effect of workplace ostracism on knowledge hiding and turnover intent and tests the interaction role of job tension on such associations. PLS-SEM was utilized to analyze 591 responses collected from employees at Egyptian travel agencies-A. The findings articulated that ostracism was positively impacted by both organizational deviance and coworker envy. Additionally, ostracism at the workplace could substantially lead to hiding knowledge; however, there was no significant connection between ostracism and employees’ turnover intention. Moreover, job tension moderates the links between workplace ostracism and two dimensions of knowledge hiding behavior, namely evasive and rationalized hiding, and turnover intent. Theoretical and managerial implications are presented. Limitations and avenues for further academic work are highlighted.
The impact of woven shade fabrics on correlated colour temperature and illuminance with daylighting
Authors: Villalba A , Yamín Garretón J , Pattini A
Published: April 2022

When solar radiation passes through a window, its spectral composition changes due to the presence of shades and glazing. While many studies have analysed the impact of different types of glass on correlated colour temperature (CCT), there are only a few cases in which the effect of shading and daylighting systems on this parameter was tested. This work analyses the impact of woven shade fabrics on the spectrum and intensity of daylight conditions in indoor spaces. A combined analysis of horizontal illuminance ( Eh) and CCT was performed. It focused on the impact that physical properties of woven shade fabrics – colour and openness factor (OF) – had on the CCT and Eh values. In this study, 11 fabrics with different colours (white, grey and black) and varying OF were analysed. For the set of studied woven shade fabrics, it was found that fabric OF and colour had a significant effect on CCT and Eh. Results show that white and grey fabrics provided spaces with lower values of CCT than black fabrics. CCT values were compared with those proposed by standard EN 12464-1:2011.
Revictimization Risk Factors Following Childhood Maltreatment: A Literature Review
Authors: Walker Hannah E. , Wamser-Nanney Rachel
Published: April 2022

Revictimization research, to date, has primarily focused on sexual revictimization (i.e., child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault), which has resulted in a lack of understanding of trauma revictimization more generally. Specifically, it is unclear what factors are placing individuals with a history of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and witnessing intimate partner violence [IPV]) at greater risk for subsequent adult victimization (i.e., sexual assault and IPV). Existing theoretical and empirical work on revictimization suggest that multiple risk factors are likely present within this framework (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS], emotion dysregulation, and risk-taking behaviors). Prior research has suggested that PTSS are often linked with these other risk factors, and it is possible that the development of PTSS following child maltreatment may be related to the development or maintenance of additional factors that increase the likelihood of revictimization. The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings regarding risk factors that place maltreated individuals at greater risk for adult revictimization. Approximately 228 studies were identified following a thorough search of the peer-reviewed literature using multiple databases (PsycINFO, PILOTS, and Google Scholar). Each study was critically analyzed for relevance. The included studies were used in our review of prevalence, specific risk factors that have been identified, and unanswered questions in this literature. PTSS were noted to be particularly important in the revictimization framework, and thus, a novel model of revictimization was also proposed where PTSS are illustrated as being associated with the development and maintenance of other factors within the revictimization framework.
Investigation of the Antiangiogenic Properties of Zoledronic Acid by Using Chorioallantoic Membrane Model
Authors: Gulcu Anil , Akkaya Ozgur
Published: April 2022

Objective

Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a bisphosphonate-derived agent used in osteoporotic clinical pathologies to prevent the development of complications such as fractures and hypercalcemia by regulating bone metabolism. Studies have been conducted on the antiangiogenic efficacy of this agent, which also has other systemic side effects. In this study, the dose-dependent antiangiogenic activity of ZA was investigated on the chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM).

Methods

Three doses (10−4, 10−5, and 10−6 M concentrations) of drug pellets were prepared with ZA and another pellet was prepared as the positive control group with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor agent bevacizumab (10−6 M concentration). Thereafter all pellets were placed on chorioallantoic membranes on the fourth day of egg incubation. All eggs were evaluated for capillary development four days after the drug application.

Results

The highest antiangiogenic effect was detected in the positive control group. Moreover, incremental antiangiogenic effects were detected with average scores of .9, 1.1, 1.2 in 10−6, 10−5, and 10−4 M concentrations of ZA groups respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings supported that ZA has dose-dependent antiangiogenic effects. This result suggests that different dosing may be required in cases where angiogenesis is therapeutic.
Testing Theory-Based Expressive Writing Interventions to Reduce Disordered Eating Behaviors and Cognitions
Authors: Skubisz Christine , Seeney Angelina N , Pacanowski Carly R
Published: April 2022

Disordered eating includes both behaviors and cognitions and can cause many of the same negative health outcomes as clinically diagnosed eating disorders (e.g., growth retardation, nutritional deficiencies, and psychosocial disturbances). Compared to the general population, disordered eating is more common in college-age women. An experiment was conducted to test 8 expressive writing interventions in the context of disordered eating. Interventions were drawn from theory-based prevention programs, which included cognitive behavioral therapy, peer and media risk reduction, and cognitive dissonance theory. Dependent variables included emotions (e.g., sadness and hope), evaluation of the expressive writing interventions (e.g., engagement, clarity, ease, and interest), and re-evaluation of disordered eating behaviors and cognitions. Results show that 62.90% of participants had observed disordered eating in their peers. Sadness, with an action tendency related to increased inward evaluation, was the most typical emotional response upon completion of the expressive writing tasks. Interventions that were based on the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy led to the most positive outcomes including engagement and re-evaluation of current disordered eating behaviors and cognitions. Overall, it was concluded that expressive writing interventions are effective in eliciting emotions and causing a re-evaluation of harmful behaviors and cognitions in the context of disordered eating.
Impact of Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention and Mediterranean Diet Recommendations on Health-Related Quality of Life and Lifestyle Modification in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients: Results From the INTERFARCT Surveys
Authors: Jayo-Montoya Jon A. , Jurio-Iriarte Borja , Aispuru Gualberto R. , Villar-Zabala Beatriz , Blanco-Guzman Sonia , Maldonado-Martin Sara
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the impact of 2 (low vs high volume) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) recommendations on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and lifestyle modification, and to examine the relationships between the changes in anxiety and depression with HRQoL and lifestyle variables after myocardial infarction (MI). Participants (n = 80) were randomized to attention control or one of the two supervised HIIT groups (2 d/weeks). Surveys before and after intervention (16 weeks): HRQoL (SF-36), anxiety and depression (HADS), MedDiet adherence (MEDAS), and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) levels. After intervention, there were improvements ( P < .05) in HRQoL, HADS scores, and MedDiet adherence, with higher PA level in both HIIT groups with no between-HIIT group differences. The HADS score decline correlated ( P < .05) with both the increase in physical component of SF-36 ( r = .42), the overall metabolic expenditure ( r = .26), and adherence to the MedDiet ( r = .24), and the reduction in the SB ( r = .35). HIIT exercise intervention with MedDiet recommendations improved HRQoL, along with reduced anxiety and depression symptoms, and a healthier lifestyle after MI. Better mental health was related to higher values of PA and MedDiet adherence.
Impact of the flipped classroom model on democratic education of student teachers in Spain
Authors: Campillo Ferrer José María , Miralles Martínez Pedro
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the use of a flipped classroom model on student learning of democratic principles in a higher education setting. This study also aimed to examine the extent to which students enrolled in a primary teacher education programme made use of different techniques and strategies to support learning in flipped classroom during one school term. A convenience sampling method was used to select 179 students who represented four different groups. Pre- and post-tests were administered to evaluate student opinions within the framework of this digital approach. Overall, the results revealed that students had a positive perception of this teaching method during the period under consideration. We identified several statistically significant differences among the students with respect to the learning of key democratic principles. Higher scores were provided by students in the subgroup that had previous experience with this classroom teaching model. Our results also revealed that students with higher levels of digital competence rated collaborative learning significantly higher compared to students with lower levels of digital competence. Finally, some improvements for future studies are proposed.
Subjective and Objective Measures of Activity in Depressed and Non-depressed Individuals in Everyday Life
Authors: Michalak Johannes , Niemeyer Helen , Tschacher Wolfgang , Baumann Nico , Chi Zhang Xiao , Adolph Dirk
Published: April 2022

Reduced physical activity is considered a key feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research directly comparing non-depressed controls and patients yielded mixed findings. In contrast to most previous research, this study compared objective as well as subjective activity levels of individuals with MDD with non-depressed controls and used an ambulatory assessment method. Moreover, we investigated whether objective and subjective measures of activity could predict mood. On two consecutive days, physical activity of 35 MDD patients and 36 non-depressed control participants were assessed objectively using an accelerometer and subjectively with hourly ecological momentary assessments. During the same assessment, participants mood was monitored. No significant differences between MDD patients and control participants in objective and most of the subjective activity measures were observed. We found significant associations between objective and subjective measures of activity in non-depressed as well as in MDD patients. Objective but not subjective measures of activity predicted subsequent mood. Our results support the notion that the association between MDD and activity level is complex and depends on moderating factors.
Perspectives on Everyday Life Challenges of Danish Young People With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) on Corticosteroids
Authors: Handberg Charlotte , Werlauff Ulla , Højberg Ann-Lisbeth
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate perspectives on everyday life challenges of young persons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Denmark treated with corticosteroids perceived by young persons and their parents to improve rehabilitation interventions. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted: 10 individual interviews with 10 persons with DMD and six individual interviews with parents (five mothers and one father) and three couple interviews (three mothers and three fathers). The analysis was guided by interpretive description methodology and Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence theory. The results indicated that persons with Duchenne muscular dystrophy existed in a flux between experiencing greater Sense of Coherence revolving around normality and less Sense of Coherence exposing their vulnerability which unfolded in four opposing themes: (1) bodily ability and disability, (2) content and anxious, (3) sociable and lonely, and (4) independent and dependent. Future rehabilitation should aim at supporting resistance resources promoting bodily ability, being content, sociable, and independent.
Fear Not: Utilizing Simulation for Medical Malpractice Education
Authors: Hughes Kate E. , Cahir Thomas M. , Nordlund Diana , Keim Samuel M. , Hughes Patrick G.
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION

Medical malpractice payouts across specialties totaled over $4.03 billion USD in 2019. It is estimated that over 72% of Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians will be involved in a medical malpractice lawsuit by age 55. The majority of EM residencies do not include adequate education on medicolegal risk mitigation and litigation. The purpose of the study is implementation of an innovative interprofessional simulation to target this education gap.

METHODS

An anonymous pre- and post-survey was distributed to participating EM providers electronically. The surveys evaluated baseline medicolegal knowledge, self-rated deposition comfort and concern regarding malpractice litigation. The simulation event involved an interactive lecture on basic tenets of medical malpractice and state legal statutes from medicolegal experts. Resident physician volunteers acted as defendant physicians during simulated depositions using a redacted, closed malpractice case.

RESULTS

Eighty EM providers attended the event over two days. All attendees completed the pre-survey (80/80), and 66.3% (53/80) completed the post-survey. The majority incorrectly answered 4 of 5 medicolegal questions. The mean comfort level regarding being deposed is 1.53 ± 0.94 on a 1-5 Likert scale (extremely uncomfortable to extremely comfortable); the mean level of concern/fear of malpractice litigation is 3.38 ± 0.95 on a 1-5 Likert scale (not at all to extremely concerned). There was a statistically significant increase in deposition comfort level post-event (1.83, P < .01).

CONCLUSION

The majority of EM physicians are inexperienced and concerned regarding litigation. After participating in an educational event and observing a simulated deposition, physicians reported an increased comfort level regarding being deposed in the future.
Power dynamics in collaborative rural planning: The case of Pematang Tengah, Indonesia
Authors: Taufiq Muhammad , Suhirman Suhirman , Sofhani Tubagus Furqon , Kombaitan Benedictus
Published: April 2022

Starting from the notion that collaborative rural planning focuses on policymaking through authentic dialogue, this article discusses the power dynamics that influence the planning process and product. It was motivated by the presumption that the understanding of collaborative policymaking is not adequate if it only concerns formal deliberation without considering other power dynamics. Booher and Innes’s model of network power in collaborative policymaking (DIAD–Diversity, Interdependence, Authentic Dialogue) and the power cube model of Gaventa were used to analyze the power mechanisms in the formal as well as in the informal arenas. They were applied to the process of village planning in Pematang Tengah, Indonesia, where the agrarian village community, deliberative bureaucrats, and other stakeholders are involved in formulating development rural planning projects. From the analysis a new model was derived, revealing three power mechanisms that are active in three different phases of the collaborative planning process: (I) Figuring out in openness, (II) Herding of public desire, and (III) Forcing of direction. The findings show that power mechanism (II) in the informal arena plays an important role by steering the course of policymaking in the formal arena (I). Power mechanism (III) is active when invisible actors illegitimately change the planning product that the formal deliberation has produced, acting out of self-interest. The analysis of power mechanisms that are active in the whole planning process can help planners in dealing with formal and informal power when developing appropriate planning strategies through a deliberative process.
Kingsgateite, ZrMo6+2O7(OH)2⋅2H2O, the first natural zirconium molybdate from Kingsgate, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Elliott Peter , Kampf Anthony R.
Published: April 2022

Kingsgateite, ZrMo6+2O7(OH)2⋅2H2O, is a new supergene mineral from the Old 25 Pipe, Kingsgate, Gough Co., New South Wales, Australia. The mineral occurs in cavities in a quartz, muscovite matrix associated with molybdenite, gelosaite and mambertiite. It forms yellowish green to bluish grey, square tabular crystals to 0.12 mm across. Kingsgateite has a white streak and a vitreous lustre. Cleavage was not observed and the fracture is uneven. The calculated density is 3.74 g/cm–3based on the empirical formula. Kingsgateite is optically biaxial (+), the calculated indices of refraction are α = 1.88, β = 1.89, γ = 1.96 and 2Vcalc= 42.6°. The pleochroism isX= light orange,Y= light yellow andZ= red brown;Y<X<Z. The mineral is tetragonal, space groupI41cd,a= 11.4626(16),c= 12.584(3) Å,V= 1653.4(6) Å3andZ= 8. Electron microprobe analysis yielded ZrO223.09, UO21.14, ThO20.76, FeO 0.62, MoO359.27, P2O50.29, SO31.25, Cl 0.16, H2O 11.62, O=Cl –0.04, total 98.16 wt.%. The empirical formula on the basis of 11 anions per formula unit is Zr0.88U6+0.02Th0.01Fe2+0.04Mo6+1.94S0.07P0.02O6.90Cl0.02OH2.08⋅2.00H2O. The crystal structure of kingsgateite, refined using synchrotron single-crystal data [R1= 4.53% for 1159 reflections withFo> 4σ(Fo)], is a framework of edge- and corner-sharing ZrO5(OH)2pentagonal bipyramids and MoO4(OH)(H2O) octahedra. Kingsgateite is isostructural with the synthetic compound ZrMo6+2O7(OH)2⋅2H2O.
Gas Leakage Detection and Pressure Difference Identification by Asymmetric Differential Pressure Method
Authors: Shi Yan , Chang Jiaqi , Wang Yixuan , Zhao Xuelin , Zhang Qingzhen , Yang Liman
Published: April 2022

Currently, the measurement methods for pneumatic system leakage include bubbling, ultrasonic, and pressure detection methods. These methods are sensitive to high-precision sensors, long detection times, and stable external environments. The traditional differential pressure method involves severe differential pressure fluctuations caused by environmental pressure fluctuations or electromagnetic noise interference of sensors, leading to inaccurate detection. In this paper, a differential pressure fitting method for an asymmetric differential pressure cylinder is proposed. It overcomes the limitation of the detection efficiency caused by the asynchronous temperature recovery of the two chambers in the asymmetric differential pressure method and uses the differential pressure substitution equation to replace the differential calculation of the differential pressure. The improved differential pressure method proposes an innovation based on the detection principle and calculation method. Additionally, the influence of the parameters in the differential pressure substitution equation on the leakage calculation results was simulated, and the specific physical significance of the parameters of the differential pressure substitution equation was explained. The experiments verified the fitting effect and proved the accuracy of this method. Compared with the traditional differential pressure method, the maximum leakage deviation of inhibition was 0.5 L/min. Therefore, this method can be used to detect leaks in air tanks.
Incipient speciation between host-plant strains in the fall armyworm
Authors: Durand Karine , Yainna Sudeeptha , Nam Kiwoong
Published: April 2022

Background

Recent advancement in speciation biology proposes that genetic differentiation across the whole genome (genomic differentiation, GD) may occur at the beginning of a speciation process and that GD itself may accelerate the rate of speciation. The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) has been used as a model species to study the process of speciation between diverging host-plant strains. We showed in a previous study that GD between the host-plant strains occurred at the beginning of a speciation process based on a population genomics analysis from a population in Mississippi (USA), providing empirical support for the theoretical prediction. In a recent paper, however, panmixia was reported in FAW based on the genomic analysis of 55 individuals collected from Argentina, Brazil, Kenya, Puerto Rico, and the mainland USA. If panmixia is true, the observed differentiation in Mississippi could be at most a phenomenon specific to a geographic population, rather than a status during a speciation process. In this report, we reanalyzed the resequencing data to test the existence of population structure according to host plants using different bioinformatics pipelines.

Results

Principal component analysis, FST statistics, and ancestry coefficient analysis supported genetic differentiation between strains regardless of the used bioinformatics pipelines. The strain-specific selective sweep was observed from the Z chromosome, implying the presence of strain-specific divergence selection. Z chromosome has a particularly high level of genetic differentiation between strains, while autosomes have low but significant genetic differentiation. Intriguingly, the re-sequencing dataset demonstrates the spread of Bacillus thuringiensis resistance mutations from Puerto Rico to the US mainland.

Conclusions

These results show that a pair of host-plant strains in FAW experience genomic differentiation at the beginning of a speciation process, including Z chromosome divergent selection and possibly hitchhiking effect on autosomal sequences.
Opportunities and obstacles in linking large health care registries: the primary secondary cancer care registry - breast cancer
Authors: Heins Marianne J. , de Ligt Kelly M. , Verloop Janneke , Siesling Sabine , Korevaar Joke C.
Published: April 2022

Background

The growing volume of health data provides new opportunities for medical research. By using existing registries, large populations can be studied over a long period of time. Patient-level linkage of registries leads to even more detailed and extended information per patient, but brings challenges regarding responsibilities, privacy and security, and quality of data linkage. In this paper we describe how we dealt with these challenges when creating the Primary Secondary Cancer Care Registry (PSCCR)- Breast Cancer.

Methods

The PSCCR – Breast Cancer was created by linking two existing registries containing data on 1) diagnosis, tumour and treatment characteristics of all Dutch breast cancer patients (NCR), and 2) consultations and diagnoses from primary care electronic health records of about 10% of Dutch GP practices (Nivel-PCD). The existing registry governance structures and privacy regulations were incorporated in those of the new registry. Privacy and security risks were reassessed. Data were restricted to females and linked using postal code and date of birth. The breast cancer diagnosis was verified in both registries and for a subsample of 44 patients with the GP as well.

Results

A collaboration agreement was signed in which the organisations retained data responsibility and accountability for ‘their’ registry. A Trusted Third Party performed the record linkage. Ten percent of the patients with breast cancer could be linked to the primary care registry, as was expected based on the coverage of Nivel-PCD, and finally 7 % could be included. The breast cancer diagnosis was verified by the GP in 42 of the 44 patients.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a procedure for patient-level linkage of health data registries without a unique identifier, while preserving the integrity and privacy of the original registries. The method described may help researchers wishing to link existing health data registries.