bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new quality of life consultation template for patients with venous leg ulceration
Authors: Green J. , Jester R. , McKinley R. , Pooler A. , Mason S. , Redsell S.
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) are common and recurrent, however, care for patients predominantly has a focus which overlooks the impact of the condition on quality of life. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, evidence-based consultation template, with patients and practitioners, which focuses consultations on quality of life themes.

Method:

A nominal group was undertaken to develop a new consultation template for patients with CVLUs based on the findings of earlier qualitative study phases.

Results:

A user-friendly two-sided A4 template was designed to focus nurse-patient consultations on the quality of life challenges posed by CVLUs.

Conclusion:

CVLUs impact negatively on the quality of life of the patient but this receives inadequate attention during current consultations. This new template will help to ensure that key concerns are effectively raised, explored and addressed during each consultation.

Declaration of interest:

The NHS West Midlands Strategic Health Authority funded this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Search reversion within s-metaheuristics: impacts illustrated with a forest planning problem
Authors: Bettinger Pete , Demirci Mehmet , Boston Kevin
Published: March 2015

The use of a reversion technique during the search process of s-metaheuristics has received little attention with respect to forest management and planning problems. Reversion involves the interruption of the sequence of events that are used to explore the solution space and the re-initiation of the search process from a high-quality, known starting point. We explored four reversion rates when applied to three different types of s-metaheuristics that have previously shown promise for the forest planning problem explored, threshold accepting, tabu search, and the raindrop method. For two of the s-metaheuristics, we also explored three types of decision choices, a change to the harvest timing of a single management unit (1-opt move), the swapping of two management unitâs harvest timing (2-opt moves), and the swapping of three management unitâs harvest timing (3-opt moves). One hundred independent forest plans were developed for each of the metaheuristic / reversion rate combinations, all beginning with randomly-generated feasible starting solutions. We found that (a) reversion does improve the quality of the solutions generated, and (b) the rate of reversion is an important factor that can affect solution quality.
Educação Especial na Perspectiva Inclusiva: Implicações para o Trabalho Docente Articulado no Ensino Médio e Tecnológico
Authors: Costas Fabiane Adela Tonetto , Honnef Claucia
Published: March 2015

O trabalho docente articulado é proposto como uma adaptação ao ensino colaborativo e prevê o trabalho conjunto entre professores da classe comum e professores de Educação Especial no planejamento, no desenvolvimento e na avaliação da aula. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como os professores do Ensino Médio e Tecnológico de um Instituto Federal de Educação no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, percebem o trabalho docente articulado, quais suas limitações e possibilidades, diante da inclusão de alunos com deficiência e/ou necessidades educacionais especiais (NEE), intensificada a partir da Política Nacional da Educação Especial (Brasil, 2008). A investigação foi qualitativa, com uso de diário de campo e um questionário respondido por sete professores de um aluno com deficiência mental  incluído no ensino médio e tecnológico. Para a interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que o trabalho docente articulado é importante. Porém, poucos professores participantes da pesquisa citaram dificuldades para sua realização, evidenciadas pelo baixo número de professores de Educação Especial e de classe comum e o pouco tempo para realização desse trabalho. Concluiu-se que o trabalho docente articulado tem obstáculos a superar, no entanto, acredita-se no seu potencial para mobilizar a aprendizagem, principalmente, dos alunos com deficiência/NEE, frente à Educação Especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva, a qual, no contexto educacional atual, massificou a ideia de inclusão educacional escolar, sem haver, ainda, investimentos suficientes que garantam condições para que ela possa ser estendida a todos os sujeitos.
The relationship of fibroblast growth factors 21 and 23 and α-Klotho with platelet activity measured by platelet volume indices
Authors: Takeda Yoshihiro , Fujita Shu-ichi , Ikemoto Toshiyuki , Okada Yoshikatsu , Sohmiya Koichi , Hoshiga Masaaki , Ishizaka Nobukazu
Published: March 2015

Subjects with high fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) and 23 (FGF23), endocrine hormones that regulate insulin sensitivity and phosphate metabolism, respectively, are reported to have a higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcome. Therefore, the relationship of FGF21, FGF23, and α-Klotho (co-receptor for FGF23 signaling) with mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), two platelet volume indices that reflect platelet activity, was investigated.

Data from 156 patients admitted to the cardiology department were analyzed. MPV and PDW were measured by an automatic blood counter, and serum FGF21, FGF23, and α-Klotho concentrations were measured by an enzyme-linked immunoassay.

Log(FGF21) was significantly correlated with serum triglycerides but did not differ according to the use of non-use of antidiabetic or lipid-lowering drugs. MPV and PDW were significantly correlated (R=0.475, p<0.001). MPV was significantly correlated with log(FGF21) (R=–0.167, p<0.05) and log(FGF23) (R=0.351, p<0.001) but not with log(α-Klotho). Linear regression analysis showed a negative and positive association of log(FGF21) and log(FGF23), respectively, with MPV that was independent of possible confounders including sex, age, renal function, and antithrombotic drug use. In addition, log(FGF23) was found to have a significant independent positive association with PDW.

Among cardiac patients, FGF21 had a negative association with MPV, whereas FGF23 had a positive association. Future studies of serum FGF23/FGF21 concentrations and the incidence of thromboembolic disorders are warranted.
Evaluation of the Effect of Dynamic Sodium on the Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of 316L(N) Stainless Steel Base and Weld Joints
Authors: Ganesan V. , Kannan R. , Mariappan K. , Sukumaran G. , Sandhya R. , Rao K. Bhanu Sankara
Published: March 2015

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests on 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel base and weld joints were at 823 K and 873 K at a constant strain rate of 3 × 10
-3
s
-1
with strain ranges varying from {±}0.4% to {±}1.0% in a servo-hydraulic fatigue test system under flowing sodium environment. The cyclic stress response exhibited a similar trend as that in air comprising of an initial rapid hardening, followed by a slight softening stage before saturation. The fatigue lives are significantly improved in sodium environment when compared to identical testing conditions in air environment. The lack of oxidation in sodium environment is attributed to the delayed crack initiation, reduced crack propagation rate and consequent increase in fatigue life. Comparison of the data evaluated in sodium with RCC-MR design code, derived on the basis of data obtained from air shows that the design based on air tests is conservative.
Photo and Thermal Behavior of New Reinforced Polyamide-nanocomposite Montmorillonite on 2,3-Pyrazin Dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Faghihi Khalil , Samiei Mojtaba , Hajibeygi Mohsen
Published: March 2015

Two new samples of reinforce polyamidemontmorillonite nanocomposites were synthesized by a convenient solution intercalation technique. Polyamide (PA)
Thermodynamic Properties of Lead Oxide in a Mixture of Stainless Steelmaking and Nonferrous Smelting Slags
Authors: Maruoka Nobuhiro , Ueda Shigeru , Shibata Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Katsunori , Kitamura Shin-ya
Published: March 2015

In our previous paper, a slag modification process involving the mixing of stainless steelmaking and nonferrous smelting slags was proposed for preventing the disintegration of the stainless steelmaking slag. In order to use this method, the behavior of heavy metals especially PbO contained in the nonferrous slag has to be assessed. In the present study, the activity coefficient of PbO in CaO-SiO
Preparation and Structural Characterizations of Titania Slag
Authors: Chen Guo , Chen Jin , Srinivasakannan C. , Peng Jinhui
Published: March 2015

The thermal stability, crystal structures, microstructure, surface chemical functional groups and molecular structures of titania slag were characterized using TG/DSC, XRD, SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques, respectively. Occurrence of two phase transformation of titania slag was identified at temperatures of 851 K and 1123 K. The weight gain of samples was observed to increase with increase in the temperature. The SEM results indicated the surface morphology of the primary particles to be tighter and smoother. Raman spectrum indicated existence of vibration band of anatase TiO
Single-Source Molecular Precursor for Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles and Nanoflowers
Authors: Salavati-Niasari Masoud , Sobhani Azam
Published: March 2015

CdS Semiconductor nanostructures were synthesized by using two different methods. Using triphenylphosphine (C
The Effect of CdS/organic Nanostructure as Additive on the Thermal Stability of ABS Polymer
Authors: Ghanbari Davood , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: March 2015

Flower like cadmium sulfide/organic (CdS-or) nanostructures were synthesized via a simple reaction between CdCl
Analysis of the Dependence of Material Properties on Temperature – Steel 1.4122
Authors: Brnic Josip , Turkalj Goran , Vukelic Goran , Brcic Marino
Published: March 2015

This article presents an analysis of experimental data with reference to material properties, short-time creep and relaxation phenomena of 1.4122 steel (AISI 420RM) at high temperatures. The behaviour of the material subjected to uniaxial stress is indicated by engineering stress – strain diagrams. The data referring to tensile strength, 0.2 percent offset yield strength, the modulus of elasticity and total deformation, are shown through tables and curves presenting the dependence of these quantities on temperature. Creep and relaxation curves regarding certain level of stresses at selected temperatures are also shown. In addition, modelling of both creep and relaxation phenomena is presented.
An Anomalous Internal Oxidation of Dilute Cu-Ni Alloys at 800 °C under 1 atm O2
Authors: Lu L. Y. , Liu L. L. , Wang S. , Niu Y.
Published: March 2015

The oxidation of six Cu-
Contact Strength and Cracking of Laminar Ceramics
Authors: Hegedűsov’a Lucia , Ceniga Ladislav
Published: March 2015

The paper deals with the determination of strength of laminar ceramics by mechanical tests in bending and contact modes. The bending and contact modes are simulated by the four-point bending test, and by single-cycle contact test using rollers or spheres, respectively. In general, the determination of strength of ceramic materials results from statistical methods which are usually represented by the Weibull analysis. The Weibull analysis comprises the determination of the characteristic strength
Reactive Interdiffusion: A Method for Making Composition Graded Metal-ceramic Composites
Authors: Reddy S. N. S. , Jacob K. T. , Rajitha G.
Published: March 2015

Presented is a new method for making composition graded metal-ceramic composites using reactive interdiffusion between a metal and a complex ceramic. Composition variation in both metal and ceramic phases with distance along the direction of diffusion is achieved. The design criteria for developing such composites are discussed. The system should exhibit extensive solid solubility in both metallic and ceramic phases, a defined gradation in the stabilities of the oxides, and mobility of electrons or holes in the oxide solid solution. The complex ceramic used for making the composite should be polycrystalline with sufficient porosity to accommodate the volume expansion caused by alloy precipitation. An inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation and high processing temperature to facilitate diffusive transport are required. The process is illustrated using the reaction couples Fe-NiTiO
Some Insights into Mechanisms Involved in Continuous Casting
Authors: Mills K. C. , Ramirez-Lopez P. E. , Lee P. D.
Published: March 2015

A mathematical model of the continuous casting process for steel has been developed. This coupled model predicts metal flow, slag infiltration, shell solidification and heat flux. The model predicts values for the thicknesses of the solid and liquid slag films and the solidified shell, powder consumption and heat fluxes, all of which are in excellent agreement with plant data. The model has been used to study the mechanisms involved in (i) slag entrapment, (ii) the effect of mould oscillation on powder consumption, heat flux and shell solidification, (iii) oscillation mark (OM) formation and (iv) high and low frequency fluctuations.
New Poly(amide-imide)/Nanocomposites Reinforced Silicate Nanoparticles Based on N-pyromellitimido-L-phenyl Alanine Containing Ether Moieties
Authors: Faghihi Khalil , Shabanian Meisam , Dadfar Ehsan
Published: March 2015

A series of Poly(amide-imide)/montmorillonite nanocomposites containing
Wear Characteristics of Sintered Cermets
Authors: Bidulský Róbert , Bidulská Jana , Arenas Freddy , Grande Marco Actis
Published: March 2015

The present paper deals with the tribological behaviour of the boride and carbide hardmetals evaluated by performing comparative dry sliding pin-on-disc experiments using normal contact loads. Analyses of the wear performance results, microstructural evaluation and processing conditions effect indicate that microstructure inhomogenities play an important role in abrasive wear behaviour of cermets. In term of grain size and chemical composition, the addition of VC also play an important role in increasing the wear resistance.
Effects of Nano Powder Synthesis Methods, Shaping and Sintering Conditions on Microstructure and Oxygen Permeation of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-Δ (LSCF) Perovskite-type Membranes
Authors: Asadi Amir Atabak , Behrouzifar Amir , Mohammadi Toraj , Pak Afshin
Published: March 2015

La
Kinetics and Mechanism of Phosphorus Removal from Silicon in Vacuum Induction Refining
Authors: Safarian Jafar , Tangstad Merete
Published: March 2015

Vacuum induction refining is a process that can be applied to remove phosphorus from molten silicon for the production of solar grade silicon. Pure silicon was doped by phosphorus to make molten silicon containing around 17 ppmw phosphorus. The kinetics of phosphorus removal from this silicon was studied at 0.5 Pa through the application of vacuum induction refining. It was observed that vacuum removal of phosphorus occurs through a first-order reaction. The rate constants of phosphorus evaporation were determined as 2.28
Insights into Facebook Pages: an early adolescent health research study page targeted at parents
Authors: Amon Krestina L. , Paxton Karen , Klineberg Emily , Riley Lisa , Hawke Catherine , Steinbeck Katharine
Published: March 2015

Facebook has been used in health research, but there is a lack of literature regarding how Facebook may be used to recruit younger adolescents. A Facebook Page was created for an adolescent cohort study on the effects of puberty hormones on well-being and behaviour in early adolescence. Used as a communication tool with existing participants, it also aimed to alert potential participants to the study. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the development of the study Facebook Page and present the fan response to the types of posts made on the Page using the Facebook-generated Insights data. Two types of posts were made on the study Facebook Page. The first type was study-related update posts and events. The second was relevant adolescent and family research and current news posts. Observations on the use of and response to the Page were made over 1 year across three phases (phase 1, very low Facebook use; phase 2, high Facebook use; phase 3, low Facebook use). Most Page fans were female (88.6%), with the largest group of fans aged between 35 and 44 years. Study-related update posts with photographs were the most popular. This paper provides a model on which other researchers could base Facebook communication and potential recruitment in the absence of established guidelines.
Cross-sectional data on alcohol and marijuana use and sexual behavior among male and female secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas
Authors: Kaljee Linda , Wang Bo , Deveaux Lynette , Lunn Sonja , Rolle Glenda , Villar Maria Elena , Stanton Bonita
Published: March 2015

Background: While The Bahamas have significantly reduced poor reproductive health outcomes among adolescents and emerging adults, data indicate that youth are engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Substance use has been linked to increased risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in other contexts. There are limited data on Bahamian youth in relation to consumption of alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behaviors.

Objective: This study aimed to assess potential relationships between alcohol and marijuana use and engagement in sexual behavior among government secondary school students in New Providence, The Bahamas.

Materials and methods: Total sample size was 2572, and about 56% of respondents were female. Mean age was 14.2 (SD 2.7 years). Cross-sectional data came from a baseline survey conducted as part of a longitudinal randomized controlled evaluation of a school-based HIV prevention and reproductive health program in New Providence.

Results: Overall, 46.5% (519) males and 44.8% (652) females reported alcohol consumption; 7.3% (82) males and 1.7% (25) females reported use of marijuana in the last 6 months. About 43% (477) male respondents and 16% (231) female respondents reported ever having vaginal sex. Logistic regression analysis indicates that increased likelihood of engaging in sex during the past 6 months is associated with being older, male, and consuming alcohol and marijuana.

Conclusion: These data provide a ‘global correlation’ between substance use and engagement in sexual behaviors among Bahamian adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to assess event specific risks and identify mediating and moderating factors. These findings indicate the importance of integrating reproductive health and substance use education.
An Algorithm to Estimate the Two-Way Fixed Effects Model
Authors: Somaini Paulo , Wolak Frank A.
Published: March 2015

We present an algorithm to estimate the two-way fixed effect linear model. The algorithm relies on the Frisch-Waugh-Lovell theorem and applies to ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (TSLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators. The coefficients of interest are computed using the residuals from the projection of all variables on the two sets of fixed effects. Our algorithm has three desirable features. First, it manages memory and computational resources efficiently which speeds up the computation of the estimates. Second, it allows the researcher to estimate multiple specifications using the same set of fixed effects at a very low computational cost. Third, the asymptotic variance of the parameters of interest can be consistently estimated using standard routines on the residualized data.
Methoden bei der Wörterbuchplanung in Zeiten der Internetlexikographie [Methods in dictionary planning in the era of Internet lexicography / Méthodes en planification dictionnairique à l’époque de la lexicographie en ligne]
Authors: Geyken Alexander
Published: March 2015

The German dictionary market has been confronted with a dramatic change in the past years. Traditional dictionary publishers shrank dramatically or even disappeared completely, and the largest academic dictionary, the Grimmsches Worterbuch, will definitely stop its work in 2016. This paper discusses how large documentary reference dictionaries can be planned and produced in this new context for the German market. The focus of this paper is put on the technological conditions and their impact on planning the lexicographical process, including the corpus base, automatization of information extraction, aggregation of existing information, workflow management, online-publication as well as user contributions. Several examples of existing German and English dictionary projects are discussed with respect to these aspects. A particular focus is placed on the Digitales Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS). It is shown how the new technological possibilities help to balance richness and up-to-dateness of information with consistency and a minimum amount of redundancy, and more generally how a flexible project workflow can be established where time and budget constraints can be adapted to the project goals.
Methoden bei kollaborativen Wörterbüchern [Methods in collaborative dictionaries / Méthodes dans le domaine des dictionnaires collaboratifs]
Authors: Meyer Christian M. , Gurevych Iryna
Published: March 2015

In this article, we study lexicographical methods of collaborative dictionaries. We are particularly interested in the question to what extent they differ from the methods of expert lexicographers and how editorial dictionaries can leverage the user-generated data. We find that the preparation phase is equally important in expertbuilt and collaborative works and will fundamentally shape the final dictionary. For collaborative dictionaries, it is, however, essential to encourage discussion, define transparent decision workflows, and continually motivate the authors. The large user communities provide a high coverage of language varieties, translations, neologisms, as well as personal and spoken language, which often lack corpus evidence. Instead, their descriptions of general language terms are largely based on expert-built dictionaries. This is why we see great potential in the cooperation between expert lexicographers and collaborative user communities. Besides joint work on editing the dictionary articles, we consider quality assurance methods based on user feedback as a clear enrichment for dictionary making.
Ausspracheangaben zu eingedeutschten Namen in Aussprachewörterbüchern
Authors: Ebel Alexandra , Lange Friderike , Skoczek Robert
Published: March 2015

German pronunciation dictionaries provide codifications that claim to be accepted as standard. When it comes to foreign names and words, the two most established German pronunciation dictionaries and the ARD pronunciation database have rather oppositional approaches. This heterogeneous situation on the prescriptive side is mirrored by countless incidences of inconsistent pronunciations of foreign names in the media. Therefore, empirical studies like comparisons of dictionaries, analyses of media pronunciation as well as online preference polls are necessary to be able to find pronunciation rules for foreign names and words that can be accepted as standard in a German context.
Kotextspezifische Semantik, Pragmatik und Wörterbuchform. Glossate in einsprachigen Wörterbüchern
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst
Published: March 2015

By means of a review of the use of the term gloss in the past three decades it becomes evident that the term gloss needs to be explained more precisely. After a brief discussion of the practice of lexicographic glossing it is clear that the mainreason for the use of the method of glossing lies therein that many words from the core lexicon have numerous cotext-specific senses and, for various reasons, restricted ways of being used. Because of the lack of an overview of the different types of glosses a typology of glosses with regard to their structure and topic is developed. In addition, different types of elementary and extended glosses are distinguished from sequences of glosses. Furthermore, different types of semantic glosses, e.g. semantically non-identified semantic glosses and (up to now not yet investigated) semantically identified semantic glosses with numerous subtypes as well as a variety of further types of semantic-pragmatic glosses are distinguished. The latter types have not yet been investigated although numerous subtypes can be distinguished, e.g. pragmatic- commenting semantic glosses and pragmatic-commented semantic glosses. It is furthermore shown that the functional equal post- and inner glosses have different places in a typology of lexicographic text segments because they are structurally different. For extended glosses different types of gloss segments are distinguished, e.g. pragmatic-commenting, semantic-commenting and -identifying as well as glossing gloss segments with numerous subtypes. A next section is dedicated to gloss addressing: gloss addressing, gloss-internal and gloss-excurrent gloss segment addressing are presented and different gloss accompanying addressing constellations are distinguished. All relations in which glosses occur are then investigated. Finally the different non-hierarchical as well as hierarchical gloss structures are presented.
Extraction, selection and distribution of meaning elements for monolingual information tools
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Agerbo Heidi
Published: March 2015

In this contribution, we analyze concrete user needs in reception situations based on concrete text examples. The point of departure is that a potential dictionary user reads a text and does not understand a word or a fixed expression, and therefore he seeks help in an information tool. Our topic is how lexicographers can provide the kind of help that the dictionary user needs to solve his reception problem.

In order to do this, our starting point is not: “encyclopedic items do not belong to dictionaries” or “you always have to follow a certain schema for meaning explanations”. The starting point is: what meaning elements are needed to give the dictionary user the help he seeks (here: understand a word)? And how could and should these meaning elements be incorporated, i.e. formulated and presented, in the dictionary article?

Having user needs as our focus point, we try to isolate and extract data elements from a text corpus, in which we find a number of text examples, collocations, synonyms, links, images etc. Among these different types of data, we select a number of meaning elements; these meaning elements could be presented in one field (the meaning field), but in many cases they are distributed into different parts of a dictionary entry, e.g. links, lexical remarks and synonym remarks. This distribution as well as the formulation of the meaning elements will depend on the user and his needs.
Re-vitalizing an indigenous language: Dictionaries of Ainu languages in Japan, 1625–2013
Authors: Hansen Annette Skovsted
Published: March 2015

The re-vitalization of indigenous languages depends on political and legal support and the implementation of language rights depends on knowledge of vocabulary and grammar structures of the individual languages. Throughout the nineteenth century world, compilers of dictionaries adapted indigenous languages to match standards defined in nation-building and, thereby, enabled latent possibilities for indigenous populations to re-vitalize their languages in connection with the United Nations Year for Indigenous Peoples in 1993, and the first United Nations Decade for Indigenous Peoples, 1995-2004. This article focuses on dictionaries of the languages of the Ainu populations in the borderlands between the nation-states Japan and Russia. The main argument is that the Ainu Cultural Promotion Act promulgated in 1997 had a significant impact on the production and purpose of Ainu dictionaries. The dictionaries prior to 1997 functioned, predominantly, as records, which contributed to the increased visibility of Ainu populations inside and outside Japan in the immediate national interests of Japan, whereas the dictionaries published after 1997 are intended to enable the active use of Ainu language today. An important sub-point is that the post-1997 Ainu dictionaries rely heavily on dictionaries, word lists, and grammar books compiled before 1997, which have therefore come to support efforts to re-vitalize Ainu languages in the twenty-first century.
Thermodynamic properties of molybdate ion: reaction cycles and experiments
Authors: Gamsjäger Heinz , Morishita Masao
Published: March 2015

Standard molar quantities of molybdate ion entropy,

S
m
0

,

$S_{\rm{m}}^0,$

enthalpy of formation,

Δ
f

H
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_m^{\rm{o}},$

and Gibbs energy of formation,

Δ
f

G
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

are key data for the thermodynamic properties of molybdenum compounds and complexes, which are at present investigated by an OECD NEA review project. The most reliable method to determine

Δ
f

H
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of molybdate ion and alkali molybdates directly consists in measuring calorimetrically the enthalpy of dissolution of crystallized molybdenum trioxide and anhydrous alkali molybdates in corresponding aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions. Solubility equilibria of sparingly soluble alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate lead to trustworthy data for

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of molybdate ion. Thereby the Gibbs energies of the metal molybdates and the corresponding metal ions are combined with the Gibbs energies of dissolution. As reliable values are available for

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of the relevant metal ions the problem reduces to select the best values of solubility constants and

Δ
f

G
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate. There are two independent possibilities to achieve the latter task. (1)

Δ
f

H
m
o

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

for alkaline earth molybdates and silver molybdate have been determined by solution calorimetry. Entropy data of molybdenum have been compiled and evaluated recently. CODATA key values are available for

S
m
o

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of the other elements involved. Whereas

S
m
o

(

CaMoO

4

,
 cr
)

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}({\rm{CaMo}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{\rm{ cr}})$

is well known since decades, low-temperature heat capacity measurements had to be performed recently, but now reliable values for

S
m
o

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}$

of Ag2MoO4(cr), BaMoO4(cr) and SrMoO4(cr) are available. (2)

Δ
f

H
m
o

(

BaMoO

4

,
 cr
)
,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}}({\rm{BaMo}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{\rm{ cr}}),$

for example, can be obtained from high temperature equilibria also, but the result is less accurate than that of the first method. Once Gibbs energy of formation,

Δ
f

G
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}G_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

and enthalpy of formation,

Δ
f

H
m
o

,

${\Delta _{\rm{f}}}H_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

of molybdate ion are known its standard entropy,

S
m
o

,

$S_{\rm{m}}^{\rm{o}},$

can be calculated.
A Study on Rational Solutions to a KP-like Equation
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: March 2015

A KP-like nonlinear differential equation is introduced through a generalised bilinear equation which possesses the same bilinear form as the standard KP bilinear equation. By symbolic computation, nine classes of rational solutions to the resulting KP-like equation are generated from a search for polynomial solutions to the corresponding generalised bilinear equation. Three generalised bilinear differential operators adopted are associated with the prime number p=3.
Investigation of Performance Factors for Silicone Sealant Installed in 1958 as a Weatherproofing Material into a Building in Climate Zone 6
Authors: Kimberlain Jon , Laureys Brett , Harres Nathan
Published: March 2015

Sustainable building practices continue to have significant impacts on the materials and methods sought for construction of buildings of mixed use. Building design professionals look for materials that will last with no change to durability performance. Silicone sealants have long demonstrated their durability in performance in structural and weatherproofing applications, with a proven performance of 20 years. This paper presents findings of an investigation of silicone sealant removed from a commercial building where silicone sealant had been installed in 1958. Investigative techniques included determination of adhesion and elasticity of the sealant, as well as laboratory techniques to understand the sealant relative to the original formulation. The purpose of the paper is to illustrate the performance of the sealant and to compare it to silicone sealants that are used today in weather seal applications to control air leakage and prevent water infiltration. The building is located in Climate Zone 6 and the paper will discuss the relative climate history of the sealant exposure, as well as highlight significant environmental factors or events for the building location. The goal is that the conclusion of the findings will provide a significant resource to illustrate the use of silicone sealant and to document performance up to 50 years.
IGU Seal and Flexible Spacer Displacement Failures, Field and Laboratory Study
Authors: Watson Todd E. , Kenney Michael E. , Kenney Russell M.
Published: March 2015

Historically, insulating glass units (IGUs) have most often been constructed using rolled metal channels or tubes to create a uniform air space between the lites. The metal spacer has typically been bonded to the glass with an organic edge seal capable of preventing air, water, and vapor from migrating through the seal. To increase the service life of the IGU and avoid seal failures, secondary seals have often been included on the outer face of the spacers creating a dual-seal system. The secondary seal acts as a first line of defense against water and moisture exposure and improves the ability of the seal and spacer to withstand service loads, including stresses due to pressure differentials that may exist between the exterior environment and the hermetically sealed IGU. Competing IGU seal and spacer designs, materials, and technology introduced in the marketplace have resulted in a new category of IGU seals and flexible spacers that do not include metal tubes or channels, and do not always incorporate secondary structural sealant to bond the flexible spacer to the glass. Some of the IGU seal/spacer designs that have been introduced include spacers that rely exclusively on amorphous organic sealant, subject to cold flow displacement, for fixation to the glass. The authors participated in a large-scale field study conducted between 2008 and 2012 of IGU cold flow seal/spacer displacement in the southwest United States. Included in the study were over 1100 residences with over 30,000 IGUs installed between 1999 and 2006. As part of the displacement study, the effect of internal IGU pressures, glass deflection, edge pressure, and surfaces temperature on seal and spacer displacement were evaluated. Displacement failure rates and failure patterns relating to glass edge pressure, temperature, glass weight, and relative negative IGU pressure are presented. Tests were conducted to further study the degree to which internal pressure and temperature influence the onset, rate, and degree of displacement. Laboratory studies confirm the results of the field study that certain IGU flexible spacer and primary seal combinations can fail due to cold flow displacement when exposed to in-service loads.
Making Friends and Converts
Authors: Lacson P. Albert
Published: March 2015

This article argues that cloth items played a crucial role in establishing friendships and creating Catholic converts between the sixteenth century and the end of the eighteenth century. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, cloth products served as touchstones of friendship between California Indians and Spanish mariners. As a result of these early meetings, Indians developed a taste for cloth. This taste for cloth allowed Spanish colonists in 1769 to reconnoiter Alta California without a great deal of violence because Indians saw their initial meetings as a continuation of their previous encounters. During the mission period, Franciscan missionaries could rely on cloth items to attract Indians to mission communities. After living with the Spanish, however, especially after observing the death toll of Spanish-introduced diseases and major changes in the land, California Indian people began to reject Spanish ways, and they communicated their political views by rejecting Spanish-introduced clothing.
“To Save the Forests”
Authors: Vitz Matthew
Published: March 2015

During the 1940s, urban Mexico began to shift from fuelwood to petroleum for its household energy needs. I trace this energy transition in Mexico City, interweaving histories of production and consumption, city and hinterland. The household energy transition highlights a series of overlapping policy shifts in 1940s Mexico: a retreat from rural social justice and the support of urban industrialization that pivoted on the redistribution of national oil wealth. By underscoring the role of political power in energy transitions, I also contribute to the larger field of energy history, which has prioritized energy regimes in the North Atlantic.

En el México urbano, durante la década de los cuarenta, el consumo doméstico de energía pasó del combustible vegetal al petróleo. En este artículo doy cuenta de este cambio energético en la ciudad de México, intercalando historias de producción y consumo, de la ciudad y el hinterland. Esta transición en la energía doméstica señala una acumulación de cambios en la política de 1940 en México: un retroceso en la justicia social rural y el apoyo de una industrialización urbana que giró alrededor de la redistribución nacional de la riqueza petrolera. Al enfatizar el papel del poder político en las transiciones energéticas, contribuyo al campo más amplio de la historia de la energía que le ha dado más prioridad a los sistemas energéticos en el Atlántico Norte.
“An Urgent Need for Hygiene”
Authors: López Amanda M.
Published: March 2015

In 1909, the Mexico City Department of Public Works installed two crematory ovens in the capital’s municipal cemetery, the Panteón de Dolores, in culmination of a late nineteenth-century campaign by officials that advocated cremation as a modern and hygienic form of burial for all Mexicans. In practice, all classes rejected cremation and only the very poor were cremated. This essay examines the arguments for and against cremation and the implementation and daily practice surrounding cremation in Mexico City from the 1870s–1920. The establishment of cremation was part of the Porfirian project to modernize and sanitize Mexico that targeted the poor as an obstacle to progress.

En 1909, el Departamento de Obras Públicas de la ciudad de México instaló dos hornos crematorios en el cementerio municipal de la capital, el Panteón de Dolores, en culminación de una campaña a finales del siglo XIX por los funcionarios que defendían la cremación como una forma moderna e higiénica de entierro para todos los mexicanos. En práctica, todas las clases rechazaron cremación y sólo los muy pobres fueron cremados. Este ensayo examina los argumentos a favor y en contra de la cremación y la implementación y la práctica diaria que rodea la cremación en la ciudad de México entre 1870–1920. El establecimiento de la cremación era parte del proyecto porfiriano de modernizar y desinfectar México que apuntó a los pobres como un obstáculo al progreso.
La razón y el lenguaje, principios para entender la regeneración desde la lengua: Miguel Antonio Caro
Authors: Guzmán Diana Paola
Published: March 2015

El presente trabajo intenta reflexionar y proponer el siglo XIX como un sistema de representación, en donde la actividad retórica lideraba el escenario político, el histórico y el social. Por tal motivo, estos sistemas enunciativos exponen, de manera clara y radical, una suerte de regímenes de representación, que evidenciaban, no sólo a través de la praxis del discurso sino también de su estudio y normatización, enfrentamientos en donde el sistema de jerarquización de la palabra, jugaba un papel fundamental de estudio y comprensión de la lengua como elemento de poder e identidad.
Historical and Practical Perspective of the Unique Surface Electrical Properties of Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Dong
Published: March 2015

The fact that cancer cells have abnormal surface electrical charges has been discovered for more than half a century and yet it still has not been understood well despite of enormous efforts in cancerous research. Due to the lack of effective tools for the real-time measurement of electrical properties of individual live intact cells, researches for cancer cellular electricity has been plagued with much less understanding than other cellular signaling mechanisms. We herein review the major historic events of discovering the abnormal surface electrical properties of cancer cells. Although it is still difficult to fully understand this unique property of cancer cells, some applications using the unique surface electrical property of cancer cells, such as the polycation functionalized nanomaterials as the targeted anti-cancer drug delivery system and the utilization of the positively charged host defense peptides as universal anti-cancer drugs, are also reviewed. With the appearance of innovative techniques, the electrical properties of cancer cell surface can attract sufficient efforts to further understand their underlying mechanisms and implications in the clinical settings for diagnosing and treating cancer.
Характеристика фауни денних хижих птахів Дніпропетровської області
Authors: Verner V. V. , Bredbir P.
Published: March 2015

Визначено чисельність і статус видів птахів ряду Соколоподібні у Дніпропетровській області. Досліджено сезонні зміни чисельності хижих птахів у антропогенних і природних біотопах. Проаналізовано ступінь впливу кліматичних факторів на обрання денними хижаками різних біотопів у межах степового Придніпров’я.
Гематологические показатели двухлеток карпа в условиях гербицидной нагрузки
Authors: Zhidenko A. A.
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано вплив гербіцидів різного хімічного складу в кількості 2 ГДК (гранично допустимі концентрації) на зміни головних гематологічних показників і формування адаптації у дволіток коропа. Терміновий етап адаптаційних реакцій формується швидше і більше виражений у риб під дією зенкору; поступовий розвиток довготривалої адаптації спостерігається за умов дії раундапу. Наслідком впливу похідних 2,4-Д є зниження наступних показників крові: вмісту гемоглобіну, кольорового показника, ВГЕ (вмісту гемоглобіну в еритроциті), ШОЕ (швидкості осідання еритроцитів), що свідчить про уповільнення формування адаптаційних реакцій у дволіток коропа.
Сукцесії в угрупованнях цьоголіток риб Кременчуцького водосховища різних біоекологічних груп і промислових категорій
Authors: Kotovska G. O.
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано результати обліку цьоголіток риб Кременчуцького водосховища з урахуванням їх приналежності до різних біоекологічних груп і промислових категорій за останні 50 років. Простежено зміни в угрупованнях молоді риб Кременчуцького водосховища. Показано, що найчисельнішою групою за типом нерестового субстрату були фітофіли. У літофільній групі риб встановлена заміна домінуючих видів. За типом живлення молоді риб домінували бентофаги.
Активність інвертази та уреази у ґрунтах лісових біогеоценозів Присамар’я
Authors: Kulik A. F. , Vasilyuk O. M. , Roshka O. V.
Published: March 2015

Наведено результати дослідження активності інвертази та уреази, які можна розглядати як показник біорізноманіття ґрунтів. Показано сезонну динаміку активності ґрунтів залежно від типу біогеоценозу.
Анализ надземной продуктивности быстрорастущих древесных насаждений, культивируемых на черноземах обыкновенных
Authors: Masyuk O. M.
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано характер розміщення фітомаси у вертикальному просторі деревостанів швидкорослих деревних порід, культивованих на чорноземі звичайному. Встановлено, що надземна продуктивність Populus nigra L. склала 323 т/га, Robinia pseudoacacia L. – 164 т/га, Hippophae rhamnoides L. – 98,5 т/га. Розподіл фітомаси залежав від біологічних особливостей кожної культури та умов її зростання.
Вивчення можливості застосування продуктів бджільництва як радіопротекторів для рослин
Authors: Oginova I. О.
Published: March 2015

Дослідження, проведені з озимою пшеницею, вирощеною у 30-кілометровій зоні у рік аварії на ЧАЕС, дозволили встановити, що комплексне застосування гумату натрію з продуктами бджільництва не ефективне для зменшення негативних впливів опромінення на ранні ростові процеси рослин. Стійкий позитивний ефект на них здійснює тільки спільне використання гумусових препаратів із анодною витяжкою прополісу.
Екологічні особливості та біоіндикаційне значення черепашкових амеб (Testacea, Rhizopoda) у природних і антропогенно трансформованих біогеоценозах
Authors: Red’ko V. V.
Published: March 2015

Проаналізовано фізіологічні та екологічні особливості черепашкових амеб Testacea, Rhizopoda. Підкреслено, що тестації можуть виступати біоіндикаторами різноманітних ґрунтових умов у природних біогеоценозах. Наведено дані з використання представників надкласу Rhizopoda як показників антропогенного впливу на ґрунти.
Вплив фронтьєру на активність ліпоксигенази зерна кукурудзи на ранніх етапах пророщування рослин
Authors: Rossihina G. S. , Gluboka V. M.
Published: March 2015

Досліджено зміни активності ліпоксигенази та інтенсивності процесів пероксидного окислення ліпідів за дії препарату фронтьєр у різних концентраціях при проростанні зерна кукурудзи. Встановлено взаємозв’язок між активністю ліпоксигенази та рівнем вмісту продуктів пероксидного окислення ліпідів – малонового діальдегіду в рослинних органах. Припускають, що стимуляція активності ліпоксигенази та швидка пероксидація ліпідів є загальною відповіддю на дію ксенобіотиків.
Особливості впливу температурного фактора на життєвий цикл та формування різних форм Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Slobodenyuk O. I.
Published: March 2015

Наведено результати дослідження особливостей формування різних форм західного квіткового трипса у фітоценозах овочевих культур закритого ґрунту та впливу температури на життєвий цикл Frankliniellaoccidentalis. Встановлено, що у фітоценозах культур родів Lycopersicon переважають темні, а Cucumis – світлі форми даного виду трипсів. У лабораторних умовах доведено, що при зниженні температури співвідношення кольорових форм Frankliniellaoccidentalis істотно змінюється (збільшується кількість темних форм) та подовжується повний цикл розвитку трипсів від яйця до імаго.
Динаміка формування іхтіофауни Самарської затоки під впливом факторів різного походження
Authors: Khristov О. О. , Kochet V. M.
Published: March 2015

На основі багаторічних досліджень іхтіофауни Самарської затоки (нижня течія р. Самара) встановлені основні закономірності розвитку угруповань риб Самарської затоки, здійснено орієнтовну оцінку впливу на цей процес різних за походженням та інтенсивністю факторів, запропоновано заходи щодо оптимізації умов відтворення іхтіофауни даної акваторії.
Влияние некоторых антикоагулянтов на динамику концентрации сахара в крови коз
Authors: Zapryanova D. S. , Mircheva T. G. , Dinev T. G.
Published: March 2015

Досліджено динаміку вмісту глюкози в крові кіз (у момент відбору проби, через 3, 6 та 24 години) під впливом чотирьох антикоагулянтів (розчини фториду та цитрату натрію, гепарину, комплек­сону III). При тривалому зберіганні проб крові відмічено зниження рівня глюкози, най­більше виражене при застосуванні цитрату натрію.