bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who and where are specialist nurses in enterostomal therapy in Brazil?
Authors: Angela Boccara de Paula Maria , Lopes Salgado Ribeiro Suzana , Lúcia Conceição de Gouveia Santos Vera
Published: March 2020

Objective: To characterize the educational and professional profile of the Brazilian enterostomal therapist nurses with a view to assessing the scope of the specialty in the present and to map the professional practice in the specialty. Method: It is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach conducted during 2016, carried out with 548 nurses, graduates, specialized in the area of enterostomal therapy. Data were collected by questionnaires and organized in the software Microsoft Excel®, presented in absolute numbers and percent in the form of graphs and tables. Results: The data point to growth pathways of enterostomal therapy education programs, their dissemination in the country’s regions and expansion of the number of graduates, as well as the predominance of the Southeast region for the formation and performance of the enterostomal therapist nurses. As for the areas of professional practice, there is a greater concentration of professionals in the care of people with wounds and in the care area. Conclusion: Most Brazilian enterostomal therapists have been working in the area for less than 10 years, especially in the care area, predominantly in the care of people with injuries. One of the concerns pointed out by the study refers to the need for the specialist to act and disclose the other areas of the specialty – ostomy and incontinence.
REALISASI KESANTUNAN BERKOMUNIKASI PADA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @JOKOWI: STUDI POLITIKOPRAGMATIK
Authors: Kusmanto Hari Kusmanto , Prayitno Harun Joko , Ngali Abdul , Rahmawati Laili Etika
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Politeness is not only related to the act of politeness of language but also related to politics (politeness). This study aims to describe (1) a form of positive politeness; (2) politeness strategies; and (3) politics pragmatic power of positive politeness comments on Jokowi's Instagram account. The data in this study are comments from followers of the Jokowi Instagram account that have positive politeness values. The data source in this study is commenting on followers of the Jokowi Instagram account. Data collection in this study uses the method of note and note, and documentation. Data analysis in this study used intralingual and extralegal methods. The results of the study show (1) the form of positive politeness that the follower chooses the most in commenting is by paying attention to the Regina of the partner. This shows Jokowi's Instagram followers have an optimistic attitude towards Jokowi's leadership. (2) The politeness strategy that is most used by followers in commenting indirectly. This shows that the level of politeness used by Jokowi's Instagram account followers in narrating is already good. (3) The political power of programmatic positive politeness in followers of Instagram accounts includes begging power, praising power, supporting power, influencing power, motivating power, and suggestive power. This shows that followers of the Instagram account have an optimistic attitude towards Jokowi's leadership.
Fifteenth Annual AERABrownLecture in Education Research: Disrupting Punitive Practices and Policies: Rac(e)ing Back to Teaching, Teacher Preparation, andBrown
Authors: Milner H. Richard
Published: March 2020

Mr. Williams, a student during segregation and educator who began his career in the years following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, sheds light on why Black students succeeded in all-Black schools as well as challenges faced in advancing racial justice. In his context, according to Mr. Williams, Black students succeeded because of the influence of Black teachers and the discipline that was cultivated among teachers and students. However, discipline was conceptualized and practiced in a developmentally supportive manner for students during segregation while it is practiced as a form of exclusion in schools currently. Milner argues that we should change our language of disciplinary practices to punishment practices to more accurately capture current practices. In addition, Milner introduces curriculum punishment as a tool to describe how students are punished when they are not exposed to potentially transformative, racially just learning opportunities that can result in vicarious trauma. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
Social Studies Teacher Perceptions of News Source Credibility
Authors: Clark Christopher H. , Schmeichel Mardi , Garrett H. James
Published: March 2020

Politically tumultuous times have created a problematic space for teachers who include the news in their classrooms. Few studies have explored perceptions of news credibility among secondary social studies teachers, the educators most likely to regularly incorporate news media into their classrooms. We investigated teachers’ operational definitions of credibility and the relationships between political ideology and assessments of news source credibility. Most teachers in this study used either static or dynamic definitions to describe news media sources’ credibility. Further, teachers’ conceptualizations of credibility and perceived ideological differences with news sources were associated with how credible teachers found each source. These results indicate potential inconsistencies in how news credibility is defined and possible political bias in which sources social studies teachers use as exemplars of credibility.
Characterisation of bacterial diversity in fresh and aged sewage sludge biosolids using next generation sequencing.
Authors: Little Karen Ruth , Gan Han Ming , Surapaneni Aravind , Schmidt Jonathan , Patti Antonio Frank
Published: March 2020

Sewage sludge, often referred to as biosolids, is generated in large quantities by wastewater treatment plants. It contains macro- and micronutrients which are essential for plant growth and so represents a valuable agricultural resource. Prior to land application, pathogens are carefully monitored to reduce the risk of crop and soil contamination however to date there has been limited investigation of agriculturally beneficial bacteria indigenous to the biosolids. This study investigated shifts in the composition of the bacterial community alongside the physicochemical properties of biosolids of increasing age, from freshly dewatered to those stockpiled for approximately four years. With stockpiling, there was a significant increase in ammonium content, ranging from 801 mg/kg in the fresh biosolids to 8178 mg/kg in the stockpiled biosolids and a corresponding increase in pH ranging from 6.93 to 8.21. We detected a ten-fold increase in Firmicutes, from 4% relative abundance in the fresh biosolids compared to 40% in the older, stockpiled biosolids. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) of the Proteobacteria family, particularly of the Devosia and Bradyrhizobium genera were identified in the freshly dewatered and the older, stockpiled biosolids. Land application of the biosolids studied here could reduce fertiliser costs, provide a means of pH correction to acidic soils and a potential source of bacteria beneficial for crop growth.
LIBERALISASI PERDAGANGAN DAN PENERIMAAN KEPABEANAN IMPOR
Authors: Purwana Aditya Subur
Published: March 2020

Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap penerimaan kepabeanan impor, dan kontribusi penerimaan kepabeanan terhadap penerimaan perpajakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan analisis kontribusi (proporsi). Hasil analisis menunjukkan liberalisasi perdagangan akan meningkatkan kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) karena dapat meningkatkan penerimaan kepabeanan impor (bea masuk dan PDRI). Kontribusi penerimaan kepabeanan dan cukai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan perpajakan, kontribusi penerimaan kepabeanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan perpajakan, dan kontribusi penerimaan PDRI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penerimaan perpajakan dalam negeri. Kata Kunci: Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai; liberalisasi perdagangan; penerimaan bea masuk; penerimaan PDRI; dan penerimaan perpajakan.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN RICEMILLING DAN BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PADI DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Yuswarti
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study are: 1) To clarify whether there is influence ricemilling usage and marketing mix of the income of farmers and 2) Measuring the effect of the use of ricemilling, marketing mix of the income of farmers.This research was conducted in February-March 2016 in the city of Padang. From the initial research and the description above, the authors conclude that farmers' income remains low and less than optimal.The sample used in this study were 89 respondents using saturation sampling. The independent variables in this study is the use ricemilling, and marketing mix, while the dependent variable is the income of farmers. This study is an explanation.Techniques of data collection is questionnaire. Technical analysis of the data using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis.To determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable partially, t test was used. Meanwhile, to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable simultaneously, used F test assumptions used in the test of validity is if R-count> R-table item declared invalid.Based on test validity ricemilling usage, marketing mix and the income of farmers known to all items declared invalid meet the eligibility criteria are good and reliable instrument.Ricemilling use of regression analysis obtained by value t = 2.091 while t table = 1.988, and the significance value is 0,040 this value is smaller than α = 0.05 not significant effect on the income of farmers,The marketing mix regression analysis obtained by value t = 1.762 while the value table = 1,988 so thitung
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Husniwarti
Published: March 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan, iklim organisasi, dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman yaitu sebanyak 55 orang. Penelitian ini tidak menggunakan sampel, tetapi menggunakan seluruh anggota populasi sebagai responden penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa 1) kepemimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, 2) iklim organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, 3) komitmen organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, 4) kepemimpinan, iklim organisasi, dan komitmen organisasi secara simultan mempengaruhi kinerja pegawai Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman adalah 36,7% sementara sisanya sebesar 63,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain
THE INFLUENCES OF FINANCIAL COMPENSATION AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE TO TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION IN TOURISM VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL PADANG WITH ENVIRONMENT AS MODERATING VARIABLES
Authors: Erlena
Published: March 2020

This study aims to reveal: 1) The influence of financial compensation to job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang 2) The influence of professional competence on job satisfaction of teachers of Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 3) The influence of the working environment on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 4) The influence of work environment to moderate the relationship of financial compensation to job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang, 5) The influence of work environment variables moderate the relationship professional competence of teachers on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang. The results of this study revealed that: 1) The financial compensation positive influence and significant impact on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.000, 2) The Professional competence positive and significant influence on job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.000, 3) The work environment positive and significant influence on satisfaction teacher work in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with a significant level of 0.001, 4) The work environment to moderate the relationship between financial compensation and job satisfaction of teachers in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with singnifikan 0.002, 5) The work environment to moderate the relationship between professional competence and job satisfaction in Tourism Vocational High School (SMK) Padang with singnifikan level of 0.004.
No single unification theory of everything
Authors: Tan Wanpeng
Published: March 2020

[for FQXi Essay Contest: https://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/3421] In light of Gödel’s undecidability results (incomplete theorems) for math, quantum indeterminism indicates that physics and the Universe may be indeterministic, incomplete, and open in nature, and therefore demand no single unification theory of everything. The Universe is dynamic and so are the underlying physical models and spacetime. As the 4-d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension in the early universe, consistent yet different models emerge one by one with different sets of particles and interactions. A new set of first principles are proposed for building such models with new understanding of supersymmetry, mirror symmetry, and the dynamic phase transition mechanism – spontaneous symmetry breaking. Under this framework, we demonstrate that different models with no theory of everything operate in a hierarchical yet consistent way at different phases or scenarios of the Universe. In particular, the arrow of time is naturally explained and the Standard Model of physics is elegantly extended to time zero of the Universe.
Kepuasan Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Buddha terhadap Pelayanan Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Buddha di Tangerang
Authors: Heriyanto  , Yonata Hendrian
Published: March 2020

Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah kepuasan mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Agama Buddha (Prodi PAB) terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasi Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Buddha (PTKB) di Tangerang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kepuasan mahasiswa Prodi PAB terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasi PTKB di Tangerang. Penelitian juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa Prodi PAB terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasi ke dalam kategori tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Prodi PAB pada PTKB di Tangerang yang berjumlah 86 orang. Objek penelitian adalah kepuasan mahasiswa Prodi PAB terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian populasi yang dilakukan dengan teknik nontes menggunakan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian yaitu pada Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya Tangerang Banten (STABN Sriwijaya) dan Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha (STAB) Dharma Widya. Kuesioner menggunakan empat klasifikasi berdasarkan skala Likert. Teknik analisis data dengan teknik statistik deskriptif menggunakan nilai rata-rata (mean) dan standar deviasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan kepuasan mahasiswa Prodi PAB terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasi PTKB di Tangerang sebesar 77,28%. Interpretasi yang didapat dengan mencari interval skor persen berdasarkanskala Likert menyatakan 77,28% termasuk dalam kategori sangat puas. Tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa sebesar 14,00% dalam kategori tinggi, 79,00% kategori sedang, dan 7,00% dalam kategori rendah. Tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa Prodi PAB terhadap pelayanan teknologi dan sistem informasiPTKB di Tangerang untuk dimensi tangible sebesar 79,51%, dimensi reliability sebesar 76,82%, dimensi responsiveness sebesar 77,17%, dimensi assurance 77,42%, dan untuk dimensi emphaty sebesar 75,56%.
Dissociating implicit and explicit ensemble representations reveals the limits of visual perception and the richness of behavior
Authors: Hansmann-Roth Sabrina , Kristjansson Arni , Whitney David , Chetverikov Andrey
Published: March 2020

Our senses provide us with a rich experience of a detailed visual world, yet the empirical results seem to suggest severe limitations on our ability to perceive and remember. In recent attempts to reconcile the contradiction between what is experienced and what can be reported, it has been argued that the visual world is condensed to a set of summary statistics, explaining both the rich experience and the sparse reports. Here, we show that explicit reports of summary statistics underestimate the richness of ensemble perception. Our observers searched for an odd-one-out target among heterogeneous distractors and their representation of distractor characteristics was tested explicitly or implicitly. Observers could explicitly distinguish distractor sets with different mean and variance, but not differently-shaped probability distributions. In contrast, the implicit assessment revealed encoding of mean, variance, and even distribution shape. Furthermore, explicit measures had common noise sources that distinguished them from implicit measures. This suggests that explicit judgments of stimulus ensembles underestimate the richness of visual representations. We conclude that feature distributions are encoded in rich detail and can guide behavior implicitly, even when the information available for explicit summary judgments is coarse and limited.
Executive functions and science achievement during the five-to-seven-year shift
Authors: Kim Matthew H. , Bousselot Tracy , Ahmed Sammy F.
Published: March 2020

Executive functions (EF) are domain-general cognitive skills that predict school success. However, less is known about the relation between EFs and science achievement. The present study examined the bidirectional associations between science achievement and children’s cognitive flexibility and working memory in a nationally representative sample of children in the United States (ECLS-K: 2011; N = 18,174). Using random intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling, results revealed a heterogeneous pattern of associations between EF and science achievement. Trait-like and construct stability emerged in the between-person and within-person estimates of EF and science. Cognitive flexibility and working memory in kindergarten each predicted science achievement in first grade. Science achievement in the fall of first grade predicted cognitive flexibility in the spring of first grade. There were also bidirectional associations between working memory and science achievement in the fall and spring of first grade. Findings from the current study reveal the complex interplay between EF and science achievement during early childhood and highlight the potential of boosting science competencies to promote growth in cognitive skills important for goal-directed activity during early schooling.
Navigating the New Landscape of Value-Based Care: An Example of Increasing Access, Improving Quality, and Reducing Costs Using the Unified Protocol
Authors: Southward Matthew W. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair , Zelkowitz Rachel , Rosenthal M. Zachary
Published: March 2020

In 2015, the U.S. Congress passed one of the largest reforms of federal healthcare payment policy since the creation of Medicare/Medicaid and the passage of the Affordable Care Act. MACRA (the Medicare Access and Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015) was designed to reimburse healthcare providers based on the value of their service, not the volume of patients treated. Termed value-based care, this policy aligns with a population health model focused on the “health outcomes of a group of individuals including the distribution of such outcomes within the group” (Kindig & Stoddart, 2003). Clinical psychologists, especially those with training in (a) empirically supported, transdiagnostic, and process-based treatments (Hayes & Hofmann, 2018), (b) research methods, and (c) program evaluation are well-suited to lead the implementation of behavioral interventions in the new era of value-based care. We will outline the three primary goals of value-based care and discuss the role of clinical psychologists in achieving these goals. We conclude by describing how the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP; Barlow et al., 2018) is a candidate treatment to implement in settings accountable to value-based incentives.
Gendered white lies: Women are given inflated performance feedback compared to men
Authors: Zayas Vivian , Jampol Lily
Published: March 2020

Are underperforming women given less truthful, but kinder performance feedback (“white lies”) compared to equally underperforming men? We test this hypothesis by using a “benchmark” of truthful (objective) evaluation of performance and then either manipulate (Study 1) or measure (Study 2) the extent to which the feedback given to women is upwardly distorted. In Study 1, participants were asked to guess the gender of an underperforming employee who had been given more or less truthful feedback. Participants overwhelmingly assumed that employees who had been told “white lies” were women. In Study 2, in a naturalistic feedback paradigm, participants first provided a quantitative evaluation of work in the absence of any gender information. After learning the worker’s gender, participants upwardly distorted their quantitative feedback and expressed more positive comments to women, but not men. The findings suggest that women may not receive the same quality of feedback as men.
Computational and Motivational Mechanisms of Human Social Decision Making Involving Close Others
Authors: Guassi Moreira Joao F , Tashjian Sarah M. , Galván Adriana , Silvers Jennifer A
Published: March 2020

Every day, human beings make decisions with social consequences. These social consequences matter most when they impact those closest to us. Recent research has shown that humans exhibit reliable preferences when deciding between conflicting outcomes involving close others – for example, prioritizing the interests of one’s family member over one’s friend. However, virtually nothing is known about the mechanisms that drive these preferences. We conducted a pre-registered study in a large (N = 375) sample to quantify the computational and motivational mechanisms of human social decision making preferences involving close others. By pairing assessment techniques from behavioral economics and psychological science with computational modeling and random coefficient regression, we show that value-based cognitive computations (e.g., risk and loss aversion) drive social decision making preferences involving financial outcomes, whereas socioemotional motivations (e.g., relationship quality) underlie preferences involving social outcomes. These results imply mechanistic heterogeneity, underscoring a need for greater attention to contextual specificity in social decision making.
Classification of facial expressions using SVM and HOG
Authors: Tanjung Juliansyah Putra , Muhathir Muhathir
Published: March 2020

The face is one of the human biometric which is often utilized as an important information of a person. One of the unique information of the face is facial expressions, expressions are information that is given indirectly about an expression of one's feelings. Because facial expressions have a unique pattern for each expression so that the pattern of facial expression will be tested with the computer by utilizing the Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor as the extraction of existing features in each expression Face and information acquisition from HOG will be classified by utilizing the Support vector Mechine (SVM) method. The results of facial expression classification by utilizing the Extracaski HOG features reached 76.57% at a value of K = 500 with an average accuracy of 72.57%.
Model Optimalisasi Kebijakan Pembayaran Dividen
Authors: Siagian Sabaruddin
Published: March 2020

Kebijakan dividen yang optimal akan meningkatkan nilai perusahaan atau harga saham. Untuk membuat kebijakan dividen yang optimal dalam meningkatkan  harga saham dibuatlah model optimalisasi pembayaran dividen. Tahapannya, antara lain, pertama, memastikan adanya dana untuk pembayaran dividen tersebut, Kedua, membayar dividen. Ketiga, mengambil kebijakan reinvestasi. Keempat, mengokomunikasikan kepada investor terkait kebijakan reinvestasi tersebut. Dan kelima, membuat kebijakan pendanaan untuk meningkatkan nilai perusahaan sehingga struktur permodalan perusahaan itu sehat dan efisien. untuk itu, dalam paper ini akan dibahas tuntas kebijakan model optimalisasi pembayaran dividen kepada peilik perusahaan atau peegang perusahaan sehingga masyarakat mengerti dan paham proses pembayaran dividen yang meningkatkan harga saham. Dan tahapan dari odel optimalisasi pembayaran dividen itu adalah menjadi poin utama dalam permmasalahan dan pembahasan paper ini.
Introducing Serine as Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker Candidate via Pathway Analysis
Authors: Rezaei Tavirani Mostafa , Zamanian Azodi Mona , Rostami-Nejad Mohammad , Morravej Hamideh , Razzaghi Zahra , Okhovatian Farshad , Rezaei-Tavirani Majid
Published: March 2020

Background: The rate of death due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is growing. Investigations about CVD that leading to introduce varieties of metabolites is available. The monitoring of these metabolites to find effective ones in the future of clinic applications is the main aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Numbers of 34 metabolites for the CVD are extracted from literature and designated for interaction determinations by MetScape V 3.1.3. The compound-reaction-enzyme-gene network was constructed and the pathways were analyzed. Based on the presence of metabolites in the pathways the critical compounds were determined. Results: Pathway analysis revealed 18 disturbed pathways related to the CVD.  glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway including 27 compounds is related to the 9 queried metabolites. L-Serine which was communed between 5 pathways and also was presented in the largest pathway was identified as the critical compound. Conclusion: It can be concluded that L-Serine is a proper biomarker candidate for CVD diagnosis and also patients follow up approaches. [GMJ.2020;9:e1696]
Desarrollo vs. satisfacción de necesidades básicas
Authors: Pardo Montaño Ana Melisa , Dávila Cervantes Claudio Alberto
Published: March 2020

*Full article is in Spanish

English abstract: This article responds to the following questions: Which sociodemographic characteristics of households influence the reception of remittances in Morelos? What are the differences in household expenditure in basic needs if a household receives internal or international remittances, or if it receives none? Using the National Income and Expenditure Survey of 2016, we employed a logistic regression to examine the factors associated with the reception of remittances, and we analyzed different areas of expenditure by type of household. We present some reflection on a sending community in Morelos (Axochiapan) where we conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with people who receive remittances, who explained the main uses of these resources. We observed household characteristics that favor the reception of remittances, mainly used to satisfy basic needs.

Spanish abstract: Este artículo buscó responder: ¿qué características socio-demográficas en hogares influyen en la recepción de remesas en Morelos? y ¿cuáles son las diferencias en el gasto de los hogares respecto a sus necesidades básicas recibiendo o no remesas internas o internacionales? Utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares 2016, estimamos una regresión logística para examinar los factores asociados a la recepción de remesas y analizamos los rubros del gasto por tipo de hogar. Presentamos opiniones de una comunidad de origen en Morelos (Axochiapan), donde realizamos 23 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas receptoras de remesas, quienes explicaron los principales usos de estos recursos. Observamos características de los hogares que favorecen la recepción de remesas, mayormente ocupadas en la satisfacción de necesidades básicas.

French abstract: Cet article pose la question suivante: quelles caractéristiques sociodémographiques des ménages influencent les transferts de fonds au Morelos? Quelles sont les différences de dépenses des ménages quant à leurs besoins fondamentaux, en fonction des transferts de fonds internes ou internationaux? A partir de l’Enquête nationale sur les revenus et dépenses de 2016, nous avons réalisé une régression logistique afin d’analyser les facteurs associés à la réception de fonds et les types de dépenses selon les ménages. Nous présentons ici les résultats concernant une communauté originaire du Morelos (Axochiapan), où nous avons effectué vingt-trois entretiens semi-structurés avec des destinataires de fonds qui ont expliqué les principales utilisations qu’ils faisaient de ces revenus. Nous en concluons les caractéristiques des ménages qui favorisent la réception des transferts de fonds, destinés principalement à satisfaire des besoins fondamentaux.
Conceptualizing sub-national regional cooperation
Authors: Morales Diana
Published: March 2020

English abstract:
Regional cooperation is a context-dependent process that is better understood using a geographical approach; this is, accounting for the region as part of the explanation for and not only as the container in which cooperative agreements operate. The case of the Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia, a bottom-up regional cooperation process that resulted in a regional trademark, illustrates what roles are played by a diversity of local actors and how local socio-economic conditions influence cooperation agreements. The case highlights the inadequacy of inflexible jurisdictional boundaries and the limitations of preexisting categories (such as inter-municipal cooperation or metropolitan areas). The empirical evidence includes the analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews.

Spanish abstract:
La cooperación regional es un proceso que depende del contexto local y regional; y una perspectiva geográfica apoya a considerar la región donde ocurre como parte de la explicación, y no como un contenedor dentro del cual operan los acuerdos. Este artículo aborda el caso del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero Colombiano, un proceso de cooperación regional de abajo hacia arriba que resultó en una marca registrada regional. El caso ilustra participantes y roles en el proceso y cómo las condiciones socioeconómicas locales influyen en los acuerdos de cooperación. Los resultados destacan la inflexibilidad de las divisiones jurisdiccionales y las limitaciones de las categorías preexistentes (como la cooperación intermunicipal o las áreas metropolitanas). La metodología incluyó el análisis de 19 entrevistas semi-estructuradas.

French abstract:
Les processus de coopération régionale dépendent de leur contexte et sont mieux appréhendés à travers une approche géographique. En d’autres termes, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte la région comme partie intégrante de l’analyse, et non uniquement en tant que simple structure où les accords de coopérations se déroulent. Le cas du Paysage culturel du café de Colombie, un processus de coopération régionale du bas vers le haut qui a abouti à la création d’une marque, illustre les rôles joués par une diversité d’acteurs locaux et comment les conditions socio-économiques influencent les accords de coopération. Il met en évidence l’inadéquation des frontières juridictionnelles inflexibles et les limites des catégories préexistantes (comme la coopération inter-municipale et les aires métropolitaines). La méthodologie repose sur une étude de cas et dix-neuf entretiens semi-directifs.
Emerging Political Economy of CPEC Future Dynamics and Perspectives for Pakistan
Authors: Zia Rehman Muhammad , Khan Asif , Jaffry Qaim Raza
Published: March 2020

The study focuses on China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a great regional, political and economic force, which would lead the region to a prosperous future. The route of CPEC is not only a connection between Gwader and Khunjrab but it is also "a motorway of political economy" which would become a track to development and sustainable prosperity. No doubt, the route leads to cooperation in the transition of resources and increase the bilateral trade partnership but there emerge various questions. The present study provides detailed analysis of how the route connects Asia to Europe and provides access the local markets. The study further recommends that Gwadar Port is one of the shortest ways for China rather than Strait of Malacca or any other international route. At the end, based on an in-depth critical evaluation, the study recommends the strategy of boosting its Political Economy on emergency basis.
Transtemporal approach to hypothalamic hamartomas in children: report of 3 cases
Authors: Silva Adikarige H. D. , Lo William B. , Mundil Nilesh R. , Walsh A. Richard
Published: March 2020

The surgical approach to hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) associated with medically refractory epilepsy is challenging because of these lesions’ deep midline or paramedian location. Whether the aim is resection or disconnection, the surgical corridor dictates how complete a procedure can be achieved. Here, the authors report a transtemporal approach suitable for Delalande type I, inferior extraventricular component of type III, and type IV lesions. This approach provides optimal visualization of the plane between the hamartoma and the hypothalamus with no manipulation to the pituitary stalk and brainstem, allowing for extensive disconnection while minimizing injury to adjacent neurovascular structures.

Through a 1-cm corticectomy in the middle temporal gyrus, a surgical tract is developed under neuronavigational guidance toward the plane of intended disconnection. On reaching the mesial temporal pia-arachnoid margin, it is opened, providing direct visualization of the hamartoma, which is then disconnected or resected as indicated. Critical neurovascular structures are generally not exposed through this approach and are preserved if encountered.

Three patients (mean age 4.9 years) with intractable epilepsy were treated using this technique as part of the national Children’s Epilepsy Surgery Service. Following resection, the patient in case 1 (Delalande type I) is seizure free off medication at 3 years’ follow-up (Engel class IA). The patient in case 2 (Delalande type III) initially underwent partial disconnection through a transcallosal interforniceal approach and at first had significant seizure improvement before the seizures worsened in frequency and type. Complete disconnection of the residual lesion was achieved using the transtemporal approach, rendering this patient seizure free off medication at 14 months postsurgery (Engel class IA). The patient in case 3 (Delalande type IV) underwent incomplete disconnection with a substantial reduction in seizure frequency at 3 years’ follow-up (Engel class IIIC). There were no surgical complications in any of the cases.

The transtemporal approach is a safe and effective alternative to more conventional surgical approaches in managing HHs with intractable epilepsy.
Protocol-driven prevention of perioperative hypothermia in the pediatric neurosurgical population
Authors: Mutchnick Ian , Thatikunta Meena , Braun Julianne , Bohn Martha , Polivka Barbara , Daniels Michael W. , Vickers-Smith Rachel , Gump William , Moriarty Thomas
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Perioperative hypothermia (PH) is a preventable, pathological, and iatrogenic state that has been shown to result in increased surgical blood loss, increased surgical site infections, increased hospital length of stay, and patient discomfort. Maintenance of normothermia is recommended by multiple surgical quality organizations; however, no group yet provides an ergonomic, evidence-based protocol to reduce PH for pediatric neurosurgery patients. The authors’ aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a PH prevention protocol in the pediatric neurosurgery population.

METHODS

A prospective, nonrandomized study of 120 pediatric neurosurgery patients was performed. Thirty-eight patients received targeted warming interventions throughout their perioperative phases of care (warming group—WG). The remaining 82 patients received no extra warming care during their perioperative period (control group—CG). Patients were well matched for age, sex, and preparation time intraoperatively. Hypothermia was defined as < 36°C. The primary outcome of the study was maintenance of normothermia preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively.

RESULTS

WG patients were significantly warmer on arrival to the operating room (OR) and were 60% less likely to develop PH (p < 0.001). Preoperative forced air warmer use both reduced the risk of PH at time 0 intraoperatively and significantly reduced the risk of any PH intraoperatively (p < 0.001). All patients, regardless of group, experienced a drop in core temperature until a nadir occurred at 30 minutes intraoperatively for the WG and 45 minutes for the CG. At every time interval, from preoperatively to 120 minutes intraoperatively, CG patients were between 2 and 3 times more likely to experience PH (p < 0.001). All patients were warm on arrival to the postanesthesia care unit regardless of patient group.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative forced air warmer use significantly increases the average intraoperative time 0 temperature, helping to prevent a fall into PH at the intraoperative nadir. Intraoperatively, a strictly and consistently applied warming protocol made intraoperative hypothermia significantly less likely as well as less severe when it did occur. Implementation of a warming protocol necessitated only limited resources and an OR culture change, and was well tolerated by OR staff.
Assessing the differences in characteristics of patients lost to follow-up at 2 years: results from the Quality Outcomes Database study on outcomes of surgery for grade I spondylolisthesis
Authors: Bisson Erica F. , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Knightly John , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Goyal Anshit , Chan Andrew K. , Guan Jian , Biase Michael , Strauss Andrea , Glassman Steven , Foley Kevin , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Potts Eric , Shaffrey Mark , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Haid Regis W. , Fu Kai-Ming , Wang Michael Y. , Park Paul , Asher Anthony L. , Bydon Mohamad
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

Loss to follow-up has been shown to bias outcomes assessment among studies utilizing clinical registries. Here, the authors analyzed patients enrolled in a national surgical registry and compared the baseline characteristics of patients captured with those lost to follow-up at 2 years.

METHODS

The authors queried the Quality Outcomes Database for patients with grade I lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing a surgical intervention between July 2014 and June 2016. Only those patients enrolled in a multisite study investigating the impact of fusion on clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with grade I spondylolisthesis were evaluated.

RESULTS

Of the 608 patients enrolled in the study undergoing 1- or 2-level decompression (23.0%, n = 140) or 1-level fusion (77.0%, n = 468), 14.5% (n = 88) were lost to follow-up at 2 years. Patients who were lost to follow-up were more likely to be younger (59.6 ± 13.5 vs 62.6 ± 11.7 years, p = 0.031), be employed (unemployment rate: 53.3% [n = 277] for successful follow-up vs 40.9% [n = 36] for those lost to follow-up, p = 0.017), have anxiety (26.1% [n = 23] vs 16.3% [n = 85], p = 0.026), have higher back pain scores (7.4 ± 2.9 vs 6.6 ± 2.8, p = 0.010), have higher leg pain scores (7.4 ± 2.5 vs 6.4 ± 2.9, p = 0.003), have higher Oswestry Disability Index scores (50.8 ± 18.7 vs 46 ± 16.8, p = 0.018), and have lower EQ-5D scores (0.481 ± 0.2 vs 0.547 ± 0.2, p = 0.012) at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS

To execute future, high-quality studies, it is important to identify patients undergoing surgery for spondylolisthesis who might be lost to follow-up. In a large, prospective registry, the authors found that those lost to follow-up were more likely to be younger, be employed, have anxiety disorder, and have worse PRO scores.
Auswirkungen von Gemeindestrukturreformen – Eine Einzelfallstudie einer Gemeindefusion in der österreichischen Steiermark
Authors: Stötzer Sandra , Stangl Michaela , Brödl Christian
Published: March 2020

Gemeindefusionen sind ein ungebrochen aktuelles Thema, das sowohl in der Praxis als auch in der Wissenschaft rege diskutiert wird. Der Stand der Forschung zeigt, dass die Befunde bezüglich der Auswirkungen von Gebietsreformen heterogen sind und die Reformaktivitäten in Österreich bislang kaum beleuchtet wurden. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick zu den jüngsten Strukturreformen in Österreich und spezifische Einblicke in eine steirische Fusionsgemeinde als Einzelfallstudie. Hierfür wurden einerseits vor der Fusion mittels Leitfadeninterviews die Erwartungen von Vertretern aus Gemeindepolitik und -verwaltung eruiert. Andererseits wurden drei Jahre nach der Fusion (vollzogen per 1.1.2015) erneut Interviews mit Repräsentanten und Mitarbeitern dieser Gemeinde geführt, sodass den ex-ante artikulierten Erwartungen die ex-post wahrgenommenen Auswirkungen gegenübergestellt werden können.
USING A CRYPTO-STEGANOGRAPHIC APPROACH TO SOLVE INFORMATION SECURITY PROBLEMS
Authors: Kukharska N. , Kordunova Yu. , Khomych I.
Published: March 2020

The paper substantiates the feasibility of integrating as one software solution cryptographic and steganographic ap-proaches to information security and developed two cryptoseganosystems to protect sensitive information and their trans-mission through open communication channels. The principle of implementation of RC4 stream cipher and block AES is described; the essence of the steganographic LSB method, the application of which involves the concealment of information in digital objects, socalled containers. In this paper, the RGB images and WAVE audio files are used as steganocontainers. In the case of a container image, the steganographic protection of the cryptographically enclosed RC4 information algorithm is accomplished by embedding it in the least significant bits of pseudo-randomly selected pixels. The choice of an RGB bitmap is because this type of image consists of a set of pixels of red, green and blue components, which in turn creates enough redundancy and the ability to embed large amounts of information. The embedding of an AES encrypted text message into an audio file is done by block hiding. The simplicity of the WAVE file structure makes it easy to implement any steganographic methods of hiding data without much effort. Software complexes have been developed based on crypto-steganographic systems. The conclusions about the prospects of the crypto-steganographic approach and the feasibility of further research in this direction have been made. The integration of cryptography and steganography makes it possible to get rid of the vulnerabilities of the known methods of information protection and to develop new methods of solving information security problems from the standpoint of computational complexity and resistance to hacking.
PURIFICATION OF FE3+ CONTAINING WASTEWATER USING NATURAL SORBENTS
Authors: Stepova K. , Sysa L. , Vintonyk I.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Bentonites in natural or activated forms, i.e. after chemical treatment with acids, have high adsorption properties and are widely used as a natural adsorbent. The increase in the adsorption capacity of bentonite sorbents during heat treatment at 100–200 ° C is caused by the removal of adsorbed and chemical water that leads to an increase in the overall porosity. By thermal and hydrothermal treatments, the properties of natural sorbents can be varied within wide limits, giving them selectivity with respect to certain dissolved substances. It is known that the irradiation of water systems by microwaves leads to their heating, that is, this method of pre-treatment of sorbents combines their hydro-thermal treatment with high-frequency irradiation. The aim of the work is to investigate the process of absorption of iron (III) by bentonite clay under the influence of microwave radiation. The sorption properties of bentonites were studied under static conditions. For comparison purposes, adsorption was performed on natural bentonite under normal conditions without any pre-treatment and under the action of ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. The Langmuir equation was used to describe the experimental adsorption isotherms. The maximum sorption capacity of the treated sample was found to be 1.66 times higher than that of the untreated one and was 63.7 and 38.3 mg / g, respectively. The sorption equilibrium constant of the irradiated sample is 42% lower than that of the native one. This indicates that the sorption equilibrium under the action of ultra-high frequency radiation comes in 1.7 times faster than under normal conditions. Therefore, compared to the untreated sample, microwave irradiated bentonite has better sorption characteristics for iron (III), so it can be a promising sorbent for the purification of natural and wastewater.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF FIRES IN GRASSY ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Kuzyk A. , Tovaryanskyi V. , Drach K.
Published: March 2020

Formulation of the problem. The fire hazard of grass ecosystems depends on many factors that determine the proper condition of the combustible material and support the burning process. The most important indicators of danger are the condition and humidity of grass. The main external factors of influence on the occurrence and spread of fires in natural ecosystems are: air temperature and air relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed. The urgent task is to determine the rate of spread of fires in grassy ecosystems.

The purpose of this work is to establish the features of occurrence and spread out of grass fires in the forest-steppe conditions   of Ukraine on the basis of fire hazard analysis and experimental studies.

Research methods. The studies were conducted in the forest-steppe zone in the Vinnytsia region on November 1-3, 2019. The plots with 10 m in length and 3 m in width were chosen, taking into account the wind direction along the plot. During the studies, the wind speed was in a range of 0 to 10 meters per second, the air temperature varied from 7 to 14 Celsium degrees during the day and from -3 to 12 Celsium degrees at night. The air humidity varied from 52 to 69 per cent during the day and from 72 to 84 per cent at night. The humidity of the grass was 20-22 per cent in the daytime, and 27-30 per cent at night. The fire load on the sites was 4-5 t/ha.

The main results of the study. Combustion mostly did not happen since 19 p.m. till 10 a.m. because the grass cover during the night increased the moisture content due to the relative humidity increasing and drop of temperature. After 10 a.m. in clear conditions and in the presence of wind, the humidity of the grasses decreased, which facilitated their ignition and spread of fire. However, in the absence of wind, ignition did not happen.

The fire spreading rate depended on wind speed and grass height. For grasses 40 cm high the fire spread rate was from 2.5 m/min (wind speed 1-2 m/s) to 3.5 m/min (wind speed 6-8 m/s). For grasses 60 cm high the fire spread rate was from 3.1 m/min (wind speed 1-2 m/s) to 12.5 m/min (wind speed 6-8 m/s).

Conclusions. The rate of fire spread in grassу ecosystems depend on temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, grass humidity, height and spatial location. At night, the high humidity of grasses, caused by high relative humidity and low air temperature, hinders ignition and burning, but the fire may occur in the presence of wind in the presence of several sources of ignition with sufficient energy.