bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between “colonial amnesia” and “victimization biases”: Double standards in Italian cultural heritage law
Authors: Visconti Arianna
Published: January 2022

This article offers a critical appraisal of the evolution of Italian cultural heritage law with respect to issues of colonial and war restitution and of control over the import of potentially trafficked cultural property. As Italy is usually considered a “source country” and a victim of historical depredations, a form of “selective blindness” to its colonial past and to its role at the receiving end of both past and current misappropriations of cultural objects is discussed. Some recent restitutions of cultural property taken in times of colonial occupation are also analyzed as signs of a possible change in policy and practice, but the article also highlights the features of political expediency that have influenced them as well as the many legal and practical obstacles still to be faced by restitution and repatriation claims. Finally, the potential effects of recent (mostly international) inputs on Italy’s cultural heritage policy are presented.
Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the South Atlantic Ocean: A Pathway for Energy Dissipation
Authors: Lazaneo C. Z. , Calil P. H. R. , Tandon A. , da Silveira I. C. A.
Published: January 2022

Mesoscale eddies propagate westward across the South Atlantic basin. As they reach the westernmost part of the basin, at approximately 20°S, they interact with a quasi‐zonal seamount chain, the Vitória‐Trindade Ridge (VTR). The interactions with the local topography lead to submesoscales instabilities, which ignite the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices (SCVs) such as those described in the present study for the first time in the VTR region. Here, using high‐resolution hydrographic and microstructure measurements, we describe the dynamics of two adjacent SCVs wandering through the ridge. We find that the anticyclonic SCVs are characterized by a low potential vorticity and angular momentum signature, and are therefore prone to both centrifugal and symmetric instabilities. This dynamic regime suggests small‐scale turbulence is actively cascading energy down to dissipation, diagnosed from turbulent kinetic energy dissipation estimates within one of the SCVs through microstructure measurements. The energy dissipation levels observed within the SCV are two orders of magnitude larger than in surrounding waters. The thermohaline signatures of each SCV reveal homogenized waters in their cores but with small thermohaline anomalies when compared to surrounding waters, suggesting a remote generation site. Here, we argue that such vortices are essential agents for energy dissipation in the ocean. We speculate that the observed SCVs were formed due to mesoscale eddy‐topography interaction along the VTR and advected by the meandering South Equatorial Current to the location of field observations.
First Observational Evidence for the Role of Polar Vortex Strength in Modulating the Activity of Planetary Waves in the MLT Region
Authors: Ma Zheng , Gong Yun , Zhang Shaodong , Zhou Qihou , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Li Guozhu
Published: January 2022

Based on the meteor winds measured at Mohe (MH; 53.5°N, 122.3°E) and the reanalysis data, we investigate the variations of planetary waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region during the 2019/2020 Arctic winter. Four stratospheric polar warmings, including two sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), are observed from November 2019 to March 2020. Quasi‐10‐day waves (Q10DWs) are found to be enhanced following three of these warmings in the zonal winds in the MLT region over MH, but unusually weak after the SSW in February 2020. The trigger mechanisms of the enhanced Q10DWs are investigated and the reason for the unusually weak Q10DWs in February is revealed. Upward propagations and in situ generations of Q10DWs are both limited during the February SSW. Our analysis indicates that Q10DWs in the MLT region in February 2020 are largely inhibited by the extremely strong polar vortex and a lack of mesospheric instability.
The Terrestrial Biosphere Model Farm
Authors: Fisher Joshua B. , Sikka Munish , Block Gary L. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Kolus Hannah R. , Sok Malen , Wang Audrey , Gagne‐Landmann Anna , Lawal Shakirudeen , Guillaume Alexandre , Poletti Alyssa , Schaefer Kevin M. , El Masri Bassil , Levy Peter E. , Wei Yaxing , Dietze Michael C. , Huntzinger Deborah N.
Published: January 2022

Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) are fundamental to our understanding of how the land surface responds to changes in climate. However, MIPs are challenging to conduct, requiring the organization of multiple, decentralized modeling teams throughout the world running common protocols. We explored centralizing these models on a single supercomputing system. We ran nine offline terrestrial biosphere models through the Terrestrial Biosphere Model Farm: CABLE, CENTURY, HyLand, ISAM, JULES, LPJ‐GUESS, ORCHIDEE, SiB‐3, and SiB‐CASA. All models were wrapped in a software framework driven with common forcing data, spin‐up, and run protocols specified by the Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) for years 1901–2100. We ran more than a dozen model experiments. We identify three major benefits and three major challenges. The benefits include: (a) processing multiple models through a MIP is relatively straightforward, (b) MIP protocols are run consistently across models, which may reduce some model output variability, and (c) unique multimodel experiments can provide novel output for analysis. The challenges are: (a) technological demand is large, particularly for data and output storage and transfer; (b) model versions lag those from the core model development teams; and (c) there is still a need for intellectual input from the core model development teams for insight into model results. A merger with the open‐source, cloud‐based Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn) ecoinformatics system may be a path forward to overcoming these challenges.
Parameter Distributions for the Drag‐Based Modeling of CME Propagation
Authors: Napoletano Gianluca , Foldes Raffaello , Camporeale Enrico , de Gasperis Giancarlo , Giovannelli Luca , Paouris Evangelos , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Teunissen Jannis , Tiwari Ajay Kumar , Del Moro Dario
Published: January 2022

In recent years, ensemble modeling has been widely employed in space weather to estimate uncertainties in forecasts. We here focus on the ensemble modeling of Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) arrival times and arrival velocities using a drag‐based model, which is well‐suited for this purpose due to its simplicity and low computational cost. Although ensemble techniques have previously been applied to the drag‐based model, it is still not clear how to best determine distributions for its input parameters, namely the drag parameter and the solar wind speed. The aim of this work is to evaluate statistical distributions for these model parameters starting from a list of past CME‐ICME events. We employ LASCO coronagraph observations to measure initial CME position and speed, and in situ data to associate them with an arrival date and arrival speed. For each event we ran a statistical procedure to invert the model equations, producing parameters distributions as output. Our results indicate that the distributions employed in previous works were appropriately selected, even though they were based on restricted samples and heuristic considerations. On the other hand, possible refinements to the current method are also identified, such as the dependence of the drag parameter distribution on the CME being accelerated or decelerated by the solar wind, which deserve further investigation.
Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study
Authors: Rakugi Hiromi , Kario Kazuomi , Yamaguchi Masako , Sasajima Takayoshi , Gotou Hiromi , Zhang Jack
Published: January 2022

This phase III study assessed the efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan compared with those of olmesartan in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Patients (n = 1161, aged ≥20 years) with mild to moderate hypertension (mean sitting systolic blood pressure [msSBP] ≥150 to <180 mmHg) were randomized to receive sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg (n = 387), sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg (n = 385), or olmesartan 20 mg (n = 389) once daily for 8 weeks. The primary assessment was a reduction in msSBP from baseline with sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg vs. olmesartan 20 mg at Week 8. Secondary assessments included msSBP reduction with sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg vs. olmesartan at Week 8 and reductions in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP), mean sitting pulse pressure (msPP), and overall blood pressure (BP) control rate for all treatment groups at Week 8. Sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg provided a significantly greater reduction in msSBP from baseline than olmesartan at Week 8 (between-treatment difference: −5.01 mmHg [95% confidence interval: −6.95 to −3.06 mmHg,P < 0.001 for noninferiority and superiority]). Greater reductions in msSBP with sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg vs. olmesartan, as well as in msDBP and msPP with both doses of sacubitril/valsartanvs. olmesartan (P < 0.05 for all), were also observed. Patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan achieved an overall higher BP control rate. The safety and tolerability profiles of sacubitril/valsartan were generally comparable to those of olmesartan. The adverse event rate with sacubitril/valsartan was not dose-dependent. Treatment with sacubitril/valsartan was effective and provided superior BP reduction, with a higher proportion of patients achieving target BP goals than treatment with olmesartan in Japanese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Personality, density and habitat drive the dispersal of invasive crayfish
Authors: Galib Shams M. , Sun Jingrui , Twiss Sean D. , Lucas Martyn C.
Published: January 2022

There is increasing evidence that personality traits may drive dispersal patterns of animals, including invasive species. We investigated, using the widespread signal crayfishPacifastacus leniusculusas a model invasive species, whether effects of personality traits on dispersal were independent of, or affected by, other factors including population density, habitat, crayfish size, sex and limb loss, along an invasion gradient. Behavioural traits (boldness, activity, exploration, willingness to climb) of 310 individually marked signal crayfish were measured at fully-established, newly-established and invasion front sites of two upland streams. After a period at liberty, recaptured crayfish were reassessed for behavioural traits (newly-established, invasion front). Dispersal distance and direction of crayfish movement, local population density, fine-scale habitat characteristics and crayfish size, sex and limb loss were also measured. Individual crayfish exhibited consistency in behavioural traits over time which formed a behavioural syndrome. Dispersal was both positively and negatively affected by personality traits, positively by local population density and negatively by refuge availability. No effect of size, sex and limb loss was recorded. Personality played a role in promoting dispersal but population density and local habitat complexity were also important determinants. Predicting biological invasion in animals is likely to require better integration of these processes.
A topology optimization algorithm for magnetic structures based on a hybrid FEM–BEM method utilizing the adjoint approach
Authors: Wautischer Gregor , Abert Claas , Bruckner Florian , Slanovc Florian , Suess Dieter
Published: January 2022

A method to optimize the topology of hard as well as soft magnetic structures is implemented using the density approach for topology optimization. The stray field computation is performed by a hybrid finite element–boundary element method. Utilizing the adjoint approach the gradients necessary to perform the optimization can be calculated very efficiently. We derive the gradients using a “first optimize then discretize” scheme. Within this scheme, the stray field operator is self-adjoint allowing to solve the adjoint equation by the same means as the stray field calculation. The capabilities of the method are showcased by optimizing the topology of hard as well as soft magnetic thin film structures and the results are verified by comparison with an analytical solution.
Effect of ligninolytic axenic and coculture white-rot fungi on rice straw chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics
Authors: Datsomor Osmond , Gou-qi Zhao , Miao Lin
Published: January 2022

The study sought to investigate the potentials of axenic cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and their coculture (P. chrysosporium and P. ostreatus) to break down lignin and to enhance the rumen fermentability of rice straw. Rice straw was fermented by two lignin-degrading fungi, namely, P. ostreatus, P. chrysosporium and its coculture (P. ostreatus and P. chrysosporium) with uninoculated straw as control under solid-state fermentation employing a completely randomized research design. The coculture exhibited a mutual intermingling plus inhibition interaction. The fungi treatment increased the crude protein from (5.1%) in the control to (6.5%, 6.6%, and 6.7%) in the P. ostreatus, P. chrysosporium and coculture respectively. The coculture treated straw had a lower lignin content (5.3%) compared to the P. chrysosporium (6.2%) with the P. ostreatus recording the least (3.3%) lignin fraction. Treatment of rice straw with coculture improved the in vitro dry matter digestibility (68.1%), total volatile fatty acids (35.3 mM), and total gas (57.4 ml/200 mg) compared to P. chrysosporium (45.1%, 32.2 mM, 44.4 ml/200 mg) but was second to P. ostreatus (75.3%, 38.3 mM, 65.6 ml/200 mg). Instead of an anticipated synergistic effect from the coculture, a competitive antagonistic effect was rather observed at the end of the study, a condition that can be attributed to the coculture behavior.
Mechanistic insights into acid-affected hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol over an Ir–Re/SiO2 catalyst
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Ren Xin , Cao Yueqiang , Zhu Yi-An , Zhou Jinghong , Zhou Xinggui
Published: January 2022

This work traces the origins of acid effects on the glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol by experiments and DFT calculations.
β-Galactosidase-dependent metabolic glycoengineering of tumor cells for imaging and immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yanchun , Gong Liang , Hong Haofei , Lin Han , Li Dan , Shi Jie , Zhou Zhifang , Wu Zhimeng
Published: January 2022

A β-Galactosidase-dependent glycoengineering strategy was developed for cancer cell surface glycan imaging and target immunotherapy in high selectivity and efficacy.
Ruthenium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of amino alcohols and ynones to access 3-acylpyrroles
Authors: Pan Mingshi , Wang Xiabin , Tong Yixin , Qiu Xiaodong , Zeng Xiaobao , Xiong Biao
Published: January 2022

Direct synthesis of 3-acylpyrroles via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling with the merits of high step- and atom efficiency, broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, and water and hydrogen gas as the sole by-products.
Valley splitting and magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional VI3/MSe2 (M = W, Mo) heterostructures
Authors: Fang Xiaotian , Zhou Baozeng , Sun Nan , Fu Luqian , Wang Xiaocha
Published: January 2022

Biaxial strain tunable valley splitting appears in the VI3/WSe2 heterostructure, which has potential applications in valleytronics.
Pressure-induced structure, elasticity, intrinsic hardness and ideal strength of tetragonal C4N
Authors: Shi Zhijun , Shao Wei , Rao Lixiang , Xing Xiaolei , Zhou Yefei , Ren Xuejun , Yang Qingxiang
Published: January 2022

The novel t-C4N predicted via CALYPSO could be a potential superhard material, with pressure-induced hardness reduction, mechanical properties and anisotropy increase. The hardness reduction is related to anisotropy increase.
Ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties in Zintl compound β-K2Te2
Authors: Yue Tongcai , Xu Baolong , Zhao Yinchang , Meng Sheng , Dai Zhenhong
Published: January 2022

A good thermoelectric (TE) performance is usually the result of the coexistence of an ultralow thermal conductivity and a high TE power factor in the same material.
Influence of N-introduction in pentacene on the electronic structure and excited electronic states
Authors: Hoffmann Marvin , Ajdari Mohsen , Landwehr Felix , Tverskoy Olena , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Dreuw Andreas , Tegeder Petra
Published: January 2022

The introduction of nitrogen in pentacene has a significant influence on the electronic structure in particular on the intensity of the α-band due to the involved molecular orbital energies.
Understanding methanol dissociative adsorption and oxidation on amorphous oxide films
Authors: Padavala Sri Krishna Murthy , Artyushkova Kateryna , Boettcher Shannon W. , Nemšák Slavomír , Stoerzinger Kelsey A.
Published: January 2022

Methanol oxidation on amorphous aluminum-transition metal oxides: active sites, intermediates, and support effects via photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
New directions in the analysis of buried interfaces for device technology by hard X-ray photoemission
Authors: Renault O. , Deleuze P.-M. , Courtin J. , Bure T. R. , Gauthier N. , Nolot E. , Robert-Goumet C. , Pauly N. , Martinez E. , Artyushkova K.
Published: January 2022

In this review, the status of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) implemented with chromium Kα excitation (5.414 keV) and applied to technological research in nanoelectronics is presented.
Au NPs fabricated on biguanidine-modified Zr-UiO-66 MOFs: a competent reusable heterogeneous nanocatalyst in the green synthesis of propargylamines
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Sayadi Marzieh , Morakabati Neko , Tamoradi Taiebeh , Karmakar Bikash
Published: January 2022

In this study, we utilized functionalized metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as a host matrix to embed gold (Au) nanoparticles.
A novel formulation design based on hetero-templated solid lipid microparticles to improve the solubility of anti-inflammatory piroxicam for oral administration
Authors: Mumuni Momoh A. , Amarachi Chime S. , Victor Anih C. , Romanus Omeh C. , Ogbonna Josephat , Aminu Nafiu , James Oyeniyi Y. , Muhammed Achor , C. Franklin Kenechukwu , Díaz David Díaz
Published: January 2022

The aim of the work was to formulate piroxicam-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) using natural biodegradable lipids and to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo properties of the formulations.
Phase-dependent photocatalytic selective oxidation of cyclohexane over copper vanadates
Authors: Feng Yi , Jia Chuanqi , Zhao He , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao
Published: January 2022

Three copper vanadates with different crystal phases show different abilities for selective oxidation of cyclohexane.
Recent insights into SnO2-based engineered nanoparticles for sustainable H2generation and remediation of pesticides
Authors: Bhawna  , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Ritika , Gupta Akanksha , Tyagi Adish , Singh Prashant , Kumar Anup , Kumar Vinod
Published: January 2022

Due to the ongoing industrial revolution and global health pandemics, solar-driven water splitting and pesticide degradation are highly sought to cope with catastrophes such as depleting fossil reservoirs, global warming, and environmental degradation.
A detection method for HVDC commutation failure based on the variation rate of commutation inductance energy
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Chen , Cheng Peng
Published: January 2022

Concerning the insufficient accuracy of the criterion for identifying commutation failure in HVDC transmission systems, a new detection method for commutation failure based on the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is proposed. First, the conducting states of the converter valves in both normal commutation and commutation failure conditions are analysed, and the correlation between the differential of valve‐side line current and the conducting state of the converter in different commutation scenarios is established. On this basis, combining the topologies of D/Y‐bridge converters, a model to calculate the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is built. Then, considering the fault characteristics of DC current, DC voltage and valve currents, it is found that the calculated value of the variation rate of commutation inductance energy is consistent with the actual value under normal commutation conditions but inconsistent under commutation failure conditions. This allows for the construction of a criterion for identifying the commutation failure. Finally, the simulation results obtained with the RT‐LAB platform verify that, the proposed method can detect the occurrence of commutation failure quickly without measuring the valve currents, and it remains accurate when dealing with commutation failure near the threshold.
Dielectric rod loaded tunable substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna
Authors: De Sriparna , Koul Shiban K. , Samanta Kamal K.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a novel passive tuning technique to mechanically tune the resonant frequency of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna, by using cylindrical rods of different dielectric materials in the air holes. A full‐wave 3‐dimensional Electromagnetic simulator software is used to estimate tunability in the resonant frequency of the SIW slot antenna, which is then analysed using its equivalent circuit, and then verified experimentally. Tunability is obtained by changing relative permittivity of dielectric rods. Measurements show good frequency tunability even with a limited number of dielectric rods and gains over 5 dBi. The similarity in the radiation patterns with tuning, demonstrates a good characteristic for tunable antennas. The technique is simple but effective and does not require external direct current bias circuitry, which removes parasitic effects and less power consumption. The low field perturbation of dielectric rods provides better loss performance and a higher Q‐factor over a wider bandwidth. The initial design demonstrates a cost‐effective tuning technique achieving return loss (>10 dB) in the X‐band. This technique is also suitable for practically overcoming the performance deviation due to fabrication inaccuracies and temperature variation.
Inégalités sociétales et exposome urbain
Authors: Deguen Séverine , Vasseur Pauline , Kihal-Talantikite Wahida
Published: January 2022

Les études épidémiologiques sont nombreuses aujourd’hui à révéler l’association entre des facteurs d’exposition environnementale et des problèmes de santé, aigus comme chroniques, survenant à différents stades de la vie. Citons, par exemple, l’exposition à la pollution de l’air associée à de nombreuses infections respiratoires, maladies cardiovasculaires et à certaines issues défavorables de la grossesse. L’exposition aux nuisances sonores est également reconnue comme pouvant augmenter le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires et perturber la qualité du sommeil. Inversement, l’accès à certaines ressources et leur disponibilité, comme les parcs, les aires de jeux, ou les espaces verts, sont associés à un meilleur état de santé, de bien-être physique et psychique et à des comportements favorables à la santé. Dans cette Synthèse, nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement à l’exposome dit « urbain », défini par Robinson et al. comme l’ensemble des éléments de l’environnement urbain favorables et défavorables à la santé, et ce, dès la vie in utero [1].
Insight into the Reactivity Profile of Solid-State Aryl Bromides in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Ball Milling
Authors: Kubota Koji , Ito Hajime , Kondo Keisuke , Seo Tamae
Published: January 2022

Despite recent advances in solid-state organic synthesis using ball milling, insight into the unique reactivity of solid-state substrates, which is often different from that in solution, has been poorly explored. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the reactivity and melting points of aryl halides in solid-state Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and the effect of reaction temperature on these processes. We found that aryl halides with high melting points showed significantly low reactivity in the solid-state cross-coupling near room temperature, but the reactions were notably accelerated by increasing the reaction temperature. Given that the reaction temperature is much lower than the melting points of these substrates, the acceleration effect is most likely ascribed to the weakening of the intermolecular interactions between the substrate molecules in the solid state. The present study provides important perspectives for the rational design of efficient solid-state organic transformations using ball milling.
Determinants in Tailoring Antidiabetic Therapies: A Personalized Approach
Authors: Rizvi Aliya A. , Abbas Mohammad , Verma Sushma , Verma Shrikant , Khan Almas , Raza Syed T. , Mahdi Farzana
Published: January 2022

Diabetes has become a pandemic as the number of diabetic people continues to rise globally. Being a heterogeneous disease, it has different manifestations and associated complications in different individuals like diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and others. With the advent of science and technology, this era desperately requires increasing the pace of embracing precision medicine and tailoring of drug treatment based on the genetic composition of individuals. It has been previously established that response to antidiabetic drugs, like biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, and others, depending on variations in their transporter genes, metabolizing genes, genes involved in their action, etc. Responsiveness of these drugs also relies on epigenetic factors, including histone modifications, miRNAs, and DNA methylation, as well as environmental factors and the lifestyle of an individual. For precision medicine to make its way into clinical procedures and come into execution, all these factors must be reckoned with. This review provides an insight into several factors oscillating around the idea of precision medicine in type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Magnetic frustration in insulating Jahn-Teller manganite crystals
Authors: Gonchar L.
Published: January 2022

In insulating compounds R1-xAxMnO3, the role of orbital ordering in magnetic competition is emphasized. The conditions of ordered state's destruction are estimated. The ranges of orbital structure mixing angles to form frustrated or low-dimensional magnetic structures are determined. The influence of nonlinear and nonlocal terms of vibronic interaction on orbital ordering and magnetic structure are discussed. The possible magnetic structures are described.
Pseudogap state and unusual metallic conductivity in high-Tc cuprate superconductors
Authors: Dzhumanov S. , Malikov Sh. R. , Djumanov Sh. S.
Published: January 2022

The BCS-like pairing of polaronic carriers in underdoped and optimally doped high-Tc cuprates above the superconducting transition temperature Tc is considered. Such a BCS-like pairing correlation leads to the formation of bosonic Cooper pairs and the appearance of a pseudogap on the Fermi surface at a characteristic temperature T* > Tc. It is shown that the calculated doping dependence of the BCS-like pseudogap agrees quite well with the experimentally observed doping dependence of the pseudogap in La2–xSrxCuO4 (where x is the doping level). The mechanisms of the unusual metallic transports of different types of charge carriers above and below T* along the CuO2 layers (i.e., ab planes) in high-Tc cuprates are identified. The conductivity of the three types of charge carriers (large polarons, excited Fermi components of bosonic Cooper pairs, and bosonic Cooper pairs themselves) at their scattering by lattice vibrations is considered. It is established that the linear temperature dependence of the in-plane resistivity ρab (T) observed, as a rule, in underdoped and optimally doped cuprates above T* is associated with the scattering of polaronic carriers by acoustic and optical phonons. Theoretical results compared with the experimental data allow for confirming that the different (upward and downward) deviations from the linearity in ρab (T) below T* and the most interesting resistive transitions [i.e., a clear jump and a sharp drop in ρab (T)] at T = T* are caused by the pseudogap effect on the conductivity of the excited Fermi components of bosonic Cooper pairs and by the excessive conductivity of bosonic Cooper pairs in high-Tc cuprates above Tc.
Comparative ab initio calculations of SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 (001) and (111) surfaces as well as oxygen vacancies
Authors: Eglitis R. I. , Kotomin E. A. , Popov A. I. , Kruchinin S. P. , Jia Ran
Published: January 2022

The paper presents and discusses the results of our performed ab initio calculations for perovskites SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 (001) and (111) surfaces by means of the hybrid B3PW or B3LYP description of exchange and correlation. According to our performed ab initio calculations for SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 (001) surfaces, in most cases, the upper layer atoms relax inwards, towards the bulk, and the second layer atoms relax upwards. The SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 (001) surface energies for AO and BO2-terminations are almost equal. Just opposite, our calculated surface energies for both AO3 and B-terminated (111) surfaces are quite different. Our calculated SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 (111) surface energies always are considerably larger than the (001) surface energies. The SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 bulk Ti–O (Zr–O) chemical bond covalency increases near their BO2-terminated (001) as well as AO3-terminated (111) surfaces. We discussed systematic trends in SrTiO3, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, and SrZrO3 bulk and (001) surface F center ab initio calculations.
Experimental determination of the compressive piezoresistive response of a free-standing film with application to reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Loufakis Dimitrios , Boyd James G. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Lagoudas Dimitris C.
Published: January 2022

Piezoresistance, the change of electrical resistance due to applied mechanical strain, has been characterized for films in tension or bending. However, measuring the compressive piezoresistance of films remains a challenge because the in-plane compression often results in macroscopic buckling and kinking, leading to localization of strain. Here, we overcame this issue via a newly developed method to calculate the compressive piezoresistance of films by measuring the change of resistance in situ under tensile and bending stresses. A linear fit was applied to the experimental tensile piezoresistive response and a quadratic fit was applied to the bending piezoresistive response. The experimental bending response was mathematically decomposed into its tensile and compressive components. The compressive response was then isolated by subtracting the tensile response from the bending response. In this study, the method is applied to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film specimens. For rGO films, the compressive piezoresistance was found to be much greater than the tensile piezoresistance. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that extensive damage occurred on the compressive side of the bending specimen, resulting in a large increase in resistivity. We anticipate that our study will be adapted to applications that require mechanically reliable, flexible, and highly conductive materials, such as flexible electronics and structural energy and power.
Nonlinear interaction among second mode resonance waves in high-speed boundary layers using the method of multiple scales
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Prakash Akshay
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear interaction among resonance waves prior to transition has been observed in earlier numerical and experimental studies. However, these earlier studies were performed for incompressible or compressible flow with a wave triad composed of either Tollmien–Schlichting mode or oblique and planner first modes or crossflow mode. In the case of high-speed flow, the significance of first mode waves becomes lesser, or in most cases, it is not responsible for instability, and second mode waves mostly dominate the flow. The nonlinear interaction among resonance waves in a high-speed boundary layer where a wave triad is composed of second mode waves is presented. The nonlinear interaction formulation is performed using the method of multiple scales. The nonparallel effect has been taken into account by considering the mean flow to be slightly nonparallel. A detuning parameter is used for the wavenumbers, whereas frequencies are assumed to be perfectly tuned, satisfying the resonance condition. Based on the eigenfunctions' distribution normal to the wall, it is observed that the temperature disturbance is more dominant than the other disturbances. With an increase in Mach number, the disturbances shift toward the boundary layer edge. A significant increase in amplification factor due to wave interaction has been observed. The maximum amplification factor for the second mode wave due to wave interaction has increased by around 20% of its non-interaction value. Although the non-interaction amplification factor for the difference mode is much smaller than the other modes, its interaction amplification factor has increased more significantly. The amplification factor for the difference mode has increased almost by 60% due to wave interaction.
On the standard conjecture for compactifications of Néron models of 4-dimensional Abelian varieties
Authors: Tankeev Sergey Gennadievich
Published: January 2022

We prove that, after lifting to some finite ramified covering of a smooth projective curve $C$, the Grothendieck standard conjecture of Lefschetz type holds for the Künnemann compactification of the Néron minimal model of a 4-dimensional principally polarized Abelian variety over the field of rational functions on the curve $C$ provided that the endomorphism ring of the generic geometric fibre of the Néron model coincides with the ring of integers, all bad reductions are semi-stable and have toric rank 1 and, for any places $\delta,\delta'\in C$ of bad reductions, the Hodge conjecture on algebraic cycles holds for the product $A_\delta\times A_{\delta'}$ of the Abelian varieties $A_\delta,A_{\delta'}$ which are the quotients of the connected components of neutral elements in special fibres of the Néron minimal model modulo toric parts.
On solvability of semilinear second-order elliptic equations on closed manifolds
Authors: Tunitsky Dmitry Vasilievich
Published: January 2022

The paper is concerned with solvability in the class of weak solutions of one class of
semilinear elliptic second-order differential equations
on arbitrary closed manifolds. These equations are inhomogeneous analogues
of the stationary Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov-Fisher equation, and
have great applied and mathematical value.
Optimal recovery in weighted spaces with homogeneous weights
Authors: Osipenko K. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The paper concerns problems of the recovery of operators from noisy information in weighted

-spaces with homogeneous weights. A number of general theorems are proved and applied to problems of the recovery of differential operators from a noisy Fourier transform. In particular, optimal methods are obtained for the recovery of powers of the Laplace operator from a noisy Fourier transform in the

-metric.

Bibliography: 30 titles.
Lyapunov instability of stationary flows of a polymeric fluid in a channel with perforated walls
Authors: Blokhin A. M. , Tkachev D. L.
Published: January 2022

The rheological Pokrovskii-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions or melts of an incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium is studied in the case of flows in an infinite planar channel with perforated walls. The linear Lyapunov instability is proved for the base solution with constant flow rate in the class of perturbations periodic in the variable varying along the channel wall.

Bibliography: 14 titles.
On the absence of global solutions of a system of ordinary differential equations
Authors: Kon’kov A. A.
Published: January 2022

Conditions for the absence of global solutions of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are found. Examples showing that these conditions are sharp are given.

Bibliography: 12 titles.
Extremal functional

-interpolation on an arbitrary mesh on the real axis
Authors: Subbotin Yu. N. , Shevaldin V. T.
Published: January 2022

The Golomb-de Boor problem of extremal interpolation of infinite real sequences with smallest

-norm of the

th derivative of the interpolant,

, on an arbitrary mesh on the real axis is studied under constraints on the norms of the corresponding divided differences. For this smallest norm, lower estimates are obtained for any

in terms of

-splines. For the second derivative, this quantity is estimated from below and above by constants depending on the parameter

.

Bibliography: 13 titles.
TRITHORAX-dependent arginine methylation of HSP68 mediates circadian repression by PERIOD in the monarch butterfly
Authors: Zhang Ying , Iiams Samantha E. , Menet Jerome S. , Hardin Paul E. , Merlin Christine
Published: January 2022

Significance

Circadian repression drives the transcriptional feedback loops that keep circadian (∼24-h) time and synchronize an animal’s physiology and behavior to the daily environmental changes. Although PERIOD (PER) is known to initiate transcriptional repression by displacing the transcription activator CLOCK:BMAL1 from DNA, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Using the monarch butterfly as a model harboring a simplified version of the mammalian circadian clock, we demonstrate that the binding of heat shock protein 68 (HSP68) to a region homologous to CLOCK mouse exon 19 is essential for CLK–PER interaction and PER repression. We further show that CLK–PER interaction and PER repression are promoted by the methylation of a single arginine methylation site (R45) on HSP68 via TRITHORAX catalytic activity.
XP-524 is a dual-BET/EP300 inhibitor that represses oncogenic KRAS and potentiates immune checkpoint inhibition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Principe Daniel R. , Xiong Rui , Li Yangfeng , Pham Thao N. D. , Kamath Suneel D. , Dubrovskyi Oleksii , Ratia Kiira , Huang Fei , Zhao Jiong , Shen Zhengnan , Thummuri Dinesh , Daohong Zhou , Underwood Patrick W. , Trevino Jose , Munshi Hidayatullah G. , Thatcher Gregory R. J. , Rana Ajay
Published: January 2022

Significance

There are currently no effective treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which displays widespread resistance to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that the multispecificity BET/EP300 inhibitor XP-524 has pronounced single-agent efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in ex vivo human PDAC slice cultures, functioning in part by attenuating oncogenic KRAS signaling. In vivo XP-524 led to extensive reprogramming of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, sensitizing murine carcinoma to immune checkpoint inhibition and further extending survival. Given the urgent need for therapeutic approaches in PDAC, the combination of XP-524 and immune checkpoint inhibition warrants additional exploration.
Temperature sensing using junctions between mobile ions and mobile electrons
Authors: Wang Yecheng , Jia Kun , Zhang Shuwen , Kim Hyeong Jun , Bai Yang , Hayward Ryan C. , Suo Zhigang
Published: January 2022

Significance

We develop temperature sensors on the basis of charges accumulated at the electrolyte/dielectric interface and dielectric/electrode interface. The accumulated charges make the temperature sensors self-powered, which simplifies circuit design and enables portable sensing. The sensors are stretchable, but deformation does not affect temperature sensing. The sensors have high sensitivity and fast response. They can be made small and transparent. Such temperature sensors open new possibilities to create human–machine interfaces and soft robots in healthcare and engineering.
A large fraction of trisomy 12, 17p
−
, and 11q
−
CLL cases carry unidentified microdeletions of
miR-15a/16-1
Authors: Pepe Felice , Rassenti Laura Z. , Pekarsky Yuri , Labanowska Jadwiga , Nakamura Tatsuya , Nigita Giovanni , Kipps Thomas J. , Balatti Veronica , Croce Carlo M.
Published: January 2022

Significance

13q14.3 deletion is the most common genetic lesion identified in CLLs. This study shows that microdeletions affecting the
miR-15a/16-1
cluster are more frequent than expected in all CLL cohorts and are prevalent in patients carrying a trisomy 12. Copy-number variation analysis and an experimental FISH analysis revealed that ∼34% of samples carry previously unidentified microdeletions of
miR-15a/16-1
. These data may have clinical relevance for the successful stratification of patients for treatment.
Never just contact
Authors: Neocleous Nicolaos , Sitaridou Ioanna
Published: January 2022

In this article, we investigate the diachronic developments that gave rise to final auxiliaries – a hallmark of head-final syntax – in Asia Minor Greek, a cluster of Greek varieties originally spoken in the area historically known as Asia Minor (present-day Anatolia, Turkey) within the recent developments of the generative framework, i.e., the minimalist program. We propose that the original source for the final auxiliaries in Asia Minor Greek is to be found in Hellenistic Greek conditionals, whereas it can be traced back to Medieval Greek pluperfects. The role of contact with Anatolian Turkish is limited to rendering the available – albeit pragmatically marked – Verb-Auxiliary as the only available order. Importantly, this bottom-up change did not switch Asia Minor Greek from harmonic head-initial to harmonic head-final, but, rather, made it a mixed-directionality language. In minimalist terms, we propose that attrition, one of the ways that language contact manifests itself, targets SEM-uninterpretable features; from this point onwards contact may or may not ensue depending on the feature (mis)match between the two languages.
Teacher preparedness for English-medium instruction
Authors: Lasagabaster David
Published: January 2022

This paper focuses on lecturers’ preparedness to teach EMI courses. Although many higher education institutions
worldwide have rushed to jump on the EMI bandwagon, a strikingly low percentage of them have deemed it necessary to organise
pre-service or in-service courses to help practitioners tackle this new teaching scenario. As a result, some potential teachers
are reluctant to take part in EMI programmes, while some in-service EMI teachers complain because of a feeling of helplessness
that arises from what they feel as lack of assistance from their institutions. In this article, after reviewing recent surveys on
current practices in the training and accreditation of university teachers in EMI, I will examine what skills EMI teachers
consider essential to deliver their classes effectively, whether they believe those can or even should be accredited, and, last
but not least, how universities could support EMI teacher preparation. This analysis will allow us to reach EMI stakeholders by
sharing research findings with them. Finally, a research agenda for future work on teacher preparedness for EMI will be put
forward in an attempt to fill the gaps found in the review of the literature on the topic.
Teacher development to mediate global citizenship in English-medium education contexts
Authors: Valcke Jennifer , Nashaat-Sobhy Nashwa , Sánchez-García Davinia , Walaszczyk Julie
Published: January 2022

This paper reviews how higher education should rethink the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of their teaching staff, so that English-Medium Education (EME) is integrated in addressing issues of sustainability (solving problems that threaten humanity and the quality of life). Four focal points are selected: promoting inclusive and equitable quality education; shifting to a transdisciplinary approach; dialogic teaching and learning; and digitalising EME practices. The paper, which draws on research findings, presents an overview of the current contexts of teacher training for EME in Europe, with specific examples of available best practices. This is followed by a vision for future directions to link internationalisation of education and EME to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on educational development fit for global engagement. The current importance of training EME lecturers for teaching in English is acknowledged, but it is stressed that professional development must evolve to include emerging global teaching and learning competences. The last section is dedicated to practical recommendations for all EME community members.
A research agenda for English-medium instruction
Authors: Sah Pramod K.
Published: January 2022

Since English-Medium Instruction (EMI) has emerged as an important field of policy and research, there are a
multiplicity of issues that are unexamined but need critical attention. This paper features some key scholars of EMI who together
highlight contemporary issues of EMI as a field of research and its primary future research agendas moving forward, including
appropriate methods of collecting information about EMI. The nine researchers, who represent different geographical contexts
(South/East Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America), have offered their views regarding the future research agendas of EMI. Based
on the conversations with these researchers, this paper presents eight strands of EMI research agendas that need to be carried
on.
The missing piece in the jigsaw puzzle
Authors: Fendel Victoria
Published: January 2022

Past research approached the origins of the Coptic alphabet sociolinguistically and empirically. Neither can fully explain the comparatively sudden and fundamental change from a supraphonemic to a phonemic writing system for Egyptian around the second century AD. This paper adds the cognitive-linguistic concept of the grain size of a writing system to the picture. In essence, by the second century, sound changes in Egyptian had resulted in a phonological structure of the language that mapped more easily onto a phonemic writing system than previous stages of the language. This coincided with socio-political developments favouring the Greek alphabet. As a result, multiple writing systems, which shared the underlying structure, alphabetic, and model, the Greek alphabet, emerged. Eventually, one of these prevailed, the Coptic alphabet.
‘Reading’ through the body in early Egypt
Authors: Piquette Kathryn E.
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the earliest writing and related marking practices from Egypt (c.3300 / c.3100–c.2750 BCE), namely graphical marks on ceramic jars and small labels of bone, ivory and wood. In contrast to research focusing on production, this material is examined here from the perspective of consumption. Whether through ‘reading’ or other forms of semantic meaning-making, the author argues that such acts were never neutral, but rather situated within a web of embodied and multisensory processes. These are examined on two recursively related levels: firstly, that of micro-relations, including intersections between embodied perception of marking technique, size, shape, colour and format of signs; and secondly, macro-relations between text-objects and the embodied practitioner within particular cultural spaces. Although this early evidence presents many interpretive challenges, this chapter attempts to demonstrate the value of developing more context-sensitive reconstructions of written culture as part of lived experience – experience for which the body was a fundamental vehicle and mediator.