bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the UK's true constitution?
Authors: McGaughey Ewan
Published: September 2019

If the UK codified its constitution as it is now, not as one might like it, what would it say? In 2007 Professors Bogdanor, Vogenauer and Khaitan produced a remarkably clear and succinct model ‘British constitution’. It reflected a set of values conventional for early 20th century political theory: the monarchy, parliamentary procedure, law and order, and a list of rights based on a minimalist reading of the European Convention on Human Rights without much case law. It was unclear how these norms were arrived at, except that they were curiously similar to Bogdanor’s own previous writings, particularly by elevating referendums to be a constitutional value. By contrast, this paper discusses what an evidence-based codification of our constitution would look like, grounded upon (1) people’s social priorities and spending, (2) enduring Acts of Parliament, (3) consistent principles of case law. This suggests democracy, the rule of law, the social state, and international comity are core constitutional principles. An overlapping consensus in UK society sees far more rights as fundamental: rights to free public health, dignity in old age, universal education, social inclusion, fair taxation, protection for the environment and countryside, fair wages through voice at work, and transparent and accountable governance of finance and enterprise. This paper’s central argument is that an ossified romanticism about supposed constitutional norms should not elevate, without evidence, the importance of some Acts of Parliament over others. The evidence shows the UK’s true constitution is just.
Measuring learning in human classical threat conditioning: translational, cognitive and methodological considerations
Authors: Ojala Karita , Bach Dominik R
Published: September 2019

Threat conditioning is a laboratory model of associative learning across species that is often used in research on the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. At least 10 different conditioned responses (CR) for quantifying learning in human threat conditioning are found in the literature. In this narrative review, we discuss these CR by considering the following questions: (1) Are the CR indicators of amygdala-dependent threat learning? (2) To what components of formal learning models do the CR relate? (3) How well can threat learning be inferred from the CR? Despite a vast literature, these questions can only be answered for some CR. Among the CR considered, heart period, startle eye-blink and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer are most clearly related to amygdala-dependent threat learning. Formal learning models have mostly been studied for skin conductance responses, which are likely to reflect threat prediction and its uncertainty. Startle eye-blink and pupil size appear to best differentiate CS+/CS−, although few direct comparisons between CR exist. We suggest future directions for improving the quantification of threat conditioning.
The peril of adjusting for baseline when using change as a predictor
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Falkstedt Daniel , Melin Bo , Ingre Michael
Published: September 2019

Some studies have analyzed the effect of a predictor measured at a later time point (X1), or of the X1-X0 difference, while adjusting for the predictor measured at baseline (X0), on some outcome Y of interest. The present simulation study shows that, if used to analyze the effect of change in X on Y, there is a high risk for this analysis to produce type 1-errors, especially with a strong correlation between true X and Y, when X0 and X1 are not measured with very high reliability, and with a large sample size. These problems are not encountered if analyzing the unadjusted effect of the X1-X0 difference on Y instead, and as this effect exhibits power on par with the adjusted effect it seems as the preferable method when using change between two measurement points as a predictor.
Punishing the individual or the group for norm violation
Authors: El Zein Marwa , Seikus Chloe , de-Wit Lee , Bahrami Bahador
Published: September 2019

It has recently been proposed that a key motivation for joining groups is the protection from consequences of negative behaviours, such as norm violations. Here we empirically test this claim by investigating whether cooperative decisions and the punishment of associated fairness-based norm violations are different in individuals vs. collectives in economic games. In the ultimatum game, participants made or received offers that they could reject at a cost to their outcome, a form of social punishment. In the dictator game with third-party punishment, participants made offers to a receiver while being observed by a punisher, or could themselves punish unfair offers. Participants made lower offers when making a collective vs individual decisions. This difference correlated with participants’ overall mean offers: those who were generally less generous were even less so in a group, suggesting that the collective structure was compatible with their intention. Participants were slower when punishing vs not punishing an unfair offer. Importantly here, they were slower when deciding whether to punish groups as compared to individuals, only when the offer concerned them directly in second party punishment. Participants thus seem reluctant to punish others, and even more so when facing a group of proposers. Together, these results show that people behave differently in a group, both in their willingness to share with others and in their punishment of norm violations. This could be explained by the fact that being in a collective structure allows to share responsibility with others, thereby protecting from negative consequences of norm violations.
Principles of Moral Accounting: How our Intuitive Moral Sense Balances Rights and Wrongs
Authors: Johnson Samuel Gregory Blane , Ahn Jaye Jungmin
Published: September 2019

We are all saints and sinners: Some of our actions benefit others, while other actions lead to harm. How do people balance moral rights against moral wrongs when evaluating others’ actions? Across 9 studies, we contrast the predictions of three conceptions of intuitive morality—outcome-based (utilitarian), act-based (deontologist), and person-based (virtue ethics) approaches. These experiments establish four principles: Partial offsetting (good acts can partly offset bad acts), diminishing sensitivity (the extent of the good act has minimal impact on its offsetting power), temporal asymmetry (good acts are more praiseworthy when they come after harms), and act congruency (good acts are more praiseworthy to the extent they offset a similar harm). These principles are difficult to square with utilitarian or deontological approaches, but sit well within person-based approaches to moral psychology. Inferences about personal character mediated many of these effects (Studies 1–4), explained differences across items and across individuals (Studies 5–6), and could be manipulated to produce downstream consequences on blame (Studies 7–9); however, there was some evidence for more modest roles of utilitarian and deontological processing too. These findings contribute to conversations about moral psychology and person perception, and may have policy and marketing implications.
Eat Widely, Vote Wisely? Lessons from a Campaign Against Vote Buying in Uganda
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Larreguy Horacio , Marx Benjamin , Reid Otis
Published: September 2019

We study a large-scale intervention designed by civil society organizations to reduce vote buying inUganda’s 2016 elections. We study this intervention in light of a model where incumbents benefitfrom a first-mover and valence advantage, vote buying and campaigning are complementary, andvoter reciprocity increases the effectiveness of vote buying. The intervention undermined reciprocityas well as the valence advantage of incumbents. As a result, challengers not only campaigned moreintensively but also bought more votes in treated locations. Consistent with incumbents being firstmovers in markets for votes and facing more frictions to adjust their strategies than challengers, theirresponse to the intervention was limited. The intervention ultimately failed to reduce vote buying,but led to short-run electoral gains for challengers and increased service delivery in treated locations.
Operacja w obronie jezydów w 2014 roku: od interwencji na zaproszenie do interwencji humanitarnej i odpowiedzialności za ochronę?
Authors: Domagała Arkadiusz
Published: September 2019

W artykule przedstawiona jest interwencja w obronie jezydów zapoczątkowana w sierpniu 2014 roku w północnym Iraku. Podmiotem operacji były przede wszystkim Stany Zjednoczone dysponujące zgodą irackiego rządu na prowadzenie działań zbrojnych na rzecz integralności terytorialnej oraz ochrony obywateli Iraku. Autor artykułu dowodzi, że w operacji w obronie jezydów, wbrew powszechnym przekonaniom, można odnaleźć znacznie więcej elementów interwencji humanitarnej niż odpowiedzialności za ochronę. W tym celu poszczególne komponenty operacji w obronie jezydów zostały zaprezentowane przez pryzmat koncepcji interwencji humanitarnej i odpowiedzialności za ochronę.
Pseudo-Gemini Biosurfactants with CO2 Switchability for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Authors: Lu Yi , Zhu Yeling , Xu Zhenghe , Liu Qingxia
Published: September 2019

Novel biosurfactants with high performance are always needed in the petroleum industry for environmental sustainability. Herein, we developed a series of biosurfactants to enhance the heavy oil recovery from Canadian oil sands. Pseudo-Gemini biosurfactants were designed to be interfacially active and CO2 switchable. The strong interfacial activity of biosurfactants promotes the liberation of heavy oil from solid substrates, which was demonstrated by the liberation visualization cell. On the other hand, the separation of heavy oil from extraction fluid was also facilitated by activating the CO2 switchability of biosurfactants. Since the efficiencies in both the heavy oil liberation and the oil-water separation were improved, the total heavy oil recovery could be significantly enhanced. Therefore, these biosurfactants are believed to be promising in the application of enhanced oil recovery from oil sands ore.
Structures and Properties of Sophorolipids in Dependence of Microbial Strain, Lipid Substrate and Post-Modification
Authors: Bollmann Timo , Zerhusen Christian , Glüsen Birgit , Schörken Ulrich
Published: September 2019

Starmerella bombicola and Candida kuoi are known to secrete structurally divergent sophorolipid type glycolipids (SLs) under nitrogen limitation. In the present work SLs were produced in titers of 3.9–78.6 g L−1 with the two yeast strains utilizing stearic, oleic and linoleic acid as substrates. HPLC-ELSD combined with HPLC-MS and NMR spectroscopy was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the SL mixtures. While S. bombicola almost exclusively produced lactonic diacetylated SLs with a preference for subterminal fatty acid hydroxylation, C. kuoi synthesized diacetylated, terminally hydroxylated open chain SLs with up to 25% of dimeric and trimeric products. Surface tension measurements showed a higher surface and interface activity of the lactonic products from S. bombicola in comparison to open chain C. kuoi based SLs. The lowest CMC of 5.4 mg L−1 and minimum surface tension at the CMC of 35.9 mN m−1 were obtained for the stearic acid based lactones. Similar tendencies were observed in interfacial tension analysis with 3.6 mN m−1 for oleic acid based lactonic SLs at the interface water/paraffin oil in comparison to 9.4 mN m−1 for the corresponding open-chain SL. The acidic C. kuoi SL mixtures directly exhibited foaming properties whereas the S. bombicola SLs needed alkaline deacetylation and ring opening to display foaming comparable to that of the structurally related alkyl polyglycosides.
Surface Characterization of Textiles for Optimization of Functional Polymeric Nano-Capsule Attachment
Authors: Akbar Wazir , Bahar Basim G.
Published: September 2019

Surface properties of textiles play an essential role in their functionalization with micro/nanometer-sized polymeric capsules containing active agents that can provide controlled release. The attached capsules provide additional functionalities such as deodorizing, anti-microbial, or insect repellant properties. The efficiency of capsule attachment depends on the interaction between the selected textile material and the type of capsules. In this study, surface characteristics of the textiles were modified systematically to enhance the attachment of polyethyleneglycol based polymeric capsules. In the first phase of textile selection, four different textile materials, composed of 100% single fiber, were analyzed. Among the analyzed textile samples, cotton and polyester blends were investigated in detail due to their higher hydrophobicity, less negative zeta potential after treatment with finishing solution and broad applicability in sports outfits. In the second phase, statistical design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to have a deeper understanding of the processing factors such as the silicon (hydrophobic component) concentration in the finishing solution and the cotton/polyester blend ratio. An optimal textile was designed based on maximizing the capsule attachment on the cotton fibers woven on top and polyester at the bottom for providing strength and ease of ironing. The selected blend, treated with the required silicon concentration in the finishing solution, retained the highest amount of polymeric capsules containing eucalyptus oil for tick/insect repellency.
Melhoramento genético de plantas forrageiras xerófilas: Revisão
Authors: Vitorino Batista de Almeida Isaias
Published: September 2019

Precipitation is the main climatic variable for the Brazilian semi-arid region, being a limiting factor for vegetable production, especially in regions with low rainfall. On the other hand, livestock farming is the main economic activity of this region and the production of food for animals, unfortunately, still constitutes the biggest bottleneck. The main objective of this review is to describe the genetic improvement of the main xerophilic forage plants cultivated in the Brazilian semi-arid region and of the species with potential for cultivation in areas with low rainfall records. The species described are: (Opuntia cochenillifera), buffel grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris L), cotton mocó mocó (Gossypium hirsutum L), silk flower, (Calotropis procera (Ait.) W.T. Aiton), Cereus jamacaru and Manihot. The genetic breeding program of these species begins with the formation of an active germplasm bank (AGB) and includes the realization of different strategies, such as the domestication of the species, which involves the cultivation, evaluation, agronomic and bromatological characterization of the accesses, study of genetic diversity, plant selection, hybridization, chromosomal alteration, use of biotechnology tools, among other strategies. The execution of genetic improvement programs of these xerophytic cultures becomes a necessary tool for cultivation, domestication of wild materials and obtaining new varieties, with greater potential of production and with the function of raising the income of the rural properties of the Brazilian semi-arid.
Psoroptes spp. em caprinos e ovinos: Revisão
Authors: Furtado Gil , Saggin Patricia Gasparello , Bezerra Tovar de Aquino , Maciel Claudia Giselly , Furtado Gil Dutra , Farias Leonardo Alves de
Published: September 2019

Psoroptes spp. are the biological agents responsible for causing psoroptic mange in sheep, goats, other ungulates, and domestic and wild animals in general. They were traditionally separated into species considering host preferences, the location of the body where they occur and the morphology of male mites. Mites on the ears of rabbits and sheep were called Psoroptes cuniculi, mites on Psoroptes equi horses and more recently, based on genetic analysis all Psoroptes spp, were reclassified in Psoroptis ovis. The disease is highly infectious, cause lesions in the dermis and secondary bacterial infections can occur in untreated animals and in conditions of weakness bringing losses and losses to breeders in general. Infestations should be controlled and eradicated by injectable and acaricidal drugs administered by dips or sprays. The quarantine of the affected animals is indicated to avoid the propagation of the mites in the herd and the environment.
Міське самоврядування на Поділлі 1870-1917 рр. в сучасній українській історіографії
Authors: Щербанюк Дмитро , Мельничук Олег
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes contemporary Ukrainian historiography on the problems of the activities of the bodies of city self-government in Podillya in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A more detailed analysis of the work related to the Podillya of this period. Scientific investigation devoted to other regions, or performed on the national scale, had been described more superficially. As a result, the conclusion is drawn about the not enough development by Ukrainian scientists of this topic, which will serve the purpose of further researches by the author of this issue. The description of historiography begins with an overview of the works that investigated the problem of the methodology of history. The works shown here can be considered the first researches of such a direction in the Independent Ukraine. Then there is a description of the works devoted to certain Ukrainian regions that at that time were the constituent parts of the Russian Empire.

The period of the reign of Alexander II is characterized by general modernization processes in the Russian Empire, part of which was the Podillya province. In modern Ukraine, similar transformations are under way. There is a reform of decentralization of power and in this context, it would be advisable to turn to the historical experience of officials of the nineteenth century. In 1870, the reform of municipal self-government began. Since then, cities have considerable freedom in dealing with economic and humanitarian problems. In February 1917, the Russian Empire fell, therefore, the old municipal forms ceased to function and new forms began to emerge. This is due to the chronological framework of our study.
«Держава загального добробуту» та «шведська модель»: історико-теоретичний аналіз понять
Authors: Коваль Олеся
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано класифікації та типи держав благоденства, характерні риси, спільне та відмінне «держави добробуту» та «соціальної держави», сформульовано узагальнюючий зміст поняття «держава загального добробуту». Оскільки першою державою, яка здійснила розбудову «держави добробуту» та до сьогодні зберігає власну модель такої політики, є Швеція, у статті детально характеризується термін «шведська модель» як один з типів «держави загального добробуту». Зважаючи на те, що основи «шведської моделі» були закладені ще у 30-х рр. ХХ ст., у дослідженні охарактеризовано витоки та зміст ідеї «дому для народу», яка згодом трансформувалась у стратегічну програму побудови «шведської моделі» держави благоденства.
Місце надзвичайних органів влади в системі радянського режиму на Поділлі в першій половині 1920-х рр.
Authors: Кузьмінець Наталія
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the process of the emergence and functioning of the extraordinary authorities of the Bolshevik regime - Revolutionary Committees, revolutionary tribunals, Workers 'and Peasants' Inspections, Extraordinary Committees, and Commissars - in the early 1920's in Podillya. Their place in the policy of the Bolshevik authorities is shown in terms of ensuring the indivisibility of power in the center and on the ground. The establishment of workers 'and peasants' power, led by the Communist Party, and popular mass protests, caused by the resistance of its policies to radical changes in the social system, required the organization of a powerful system of state administrative and security structures that would effectively protect the interests of the new "socialist state".

Soviet power from the beginning of the existence liquidated all old imperious structures and began to create emergency government bodies in Ukraine, including on Podillya. In 1920-1925, as materials of the Podillya province testify, the main task of these organs was suppression of any resistance to the existent system. They had to sinew to bolshevists at planting of the communist mode in Ukraine. The special attention applied on taming of rebellious peasantry, that in the swingeing majority did not divide looks and politics of bolshevist power.

In this context cruel politics of ruling party is distinctly enough looked in relation to Podillya that was considered to one of the heaviest regions of Ukraine in claim of soviet power. The characteristic feature of Podillya was that it was considered to one of the most difficult regions in claim of soviet power. For this reason here up to the summer of 1921 new power was finally set. Unlike other regions of Ukraine here almost was an absent proletariat - basic support of party of bolshevists, repressing mass of population was presented by a peasantry. A perceptible obstacle in claim of power of bolshevists was a mass peasant movement at the beginning of 1920th and frontier position of edge. All of it together presented a considerable enough obstacle in claim of the bolshevist mode.

Mass repressions, disenfranchisments, alienation of property, trials, dispossession - here far not exhaustive list of forms and methods of fight against own people on a way to claim of the hellish totalitarian mode in a center, and on places.
Становище подільських репатріантів – представників інтелігенції в умовах сталінської диктатури післявоєнного періоду
Authors: Гальчак Сергій
Published: September 2019

Під час нацистської окупації України на примусові роботи до Третього райху було насильно вивезено майже двісті тисяч уродженців Вінницької та Кам’янець-Подільської (тепер: Хмельницької) областей, де вони були безправними рабами. Після закінчення Другої світової війни та повернення додому недавні «остарбайтери» опинилися в не менш скрутному становищі. У статті висвітлюються соціально-побутові, виробничі проблеми, з якими зіткнулися колишні східні примусові робітники із числа інтелігенції в перші повоєнні роки, повернувшись на рідне Поділля, ставлення до них місцевих органів партійно-державної влади, держави.
PASTORALISTS WITHOUT PASTURE: WATER SCARCITY, MARKETISATION AND RESOURCE ENCLOSURES IN KUTCH, INDIA
Authors: Mehta Lyla , Srivastava Shilpi
Published: September 2019

Scarcity and uncertainty loom large over the landscape of Kutch, an arid to semi-arid district in western India, where pastoralism has been practised for generations. Despite its clear potential to tackle the dryland dynamics, the tradition of pastoralism in Kutch has been systematically denigrated and marginalised in the district over the years. Drawing on research conducted in eastern Kutch, and along the coast, this article shows how pastoralist communities have been displaced from a range of vital hydric resources – such as mangroves and water sources – in the name of development and conservation. Together, these have accelerated processes of dispossession and exacerbated both 'old' and 'new' resource scarcities.
NEGOTIATING WATER ON UNEQUAL TERMS: CATTLE LOANS, DEPENDENCIES AND POWER IN COMMUNAL WATER MANAGEMENT IN NORTHWEST NAMIBIA
Authors: Menestrey Schwieger Diego A.
Published: September 2019

This article shows how the distribution of costs for communal boreholes in the Kunene region of northwest Namibia is largely shaped by patron-client relationships based on cattle loans among pastoralists. Drawing on a case study in the context of state water decentralisation reforms, the paper argues that, while cattle loans provide livelihood security for poor Himba herders, they also limit their bargaining power with regards to negotiating local contribution rules for the communal water point. Poorer heads of household find it difficult to negotiate on equal terms with their wealthy counterparts because they depend on their cattle transfers to make a living. As a result, contribution rules disadvantaging the poor are put into practice, leading to tensions between herders and putting pressure on social relations of support.
THE ECOLOGICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS ON PASTORALISTS' ACCESS TO WATER, BLUE NILE STATE (SUDAN)
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Mustafa Mohammed
Published: September 2019

This article addresses the ecological, socio-economic and political constraints facing pastoralists' water access rights in Blue Nile State, south-eastern Sudan, over the last five decades. It examines the main constraints on pastoralists' access to water and looks at such issues as climate change, increasing human population, the expansion of agriculture, the expansion of Dinder National Park, civil war and the new international border created after the secession of South Sudan in 2011.
Die Eigendynamik von Megaprojekten
Authors: Tittor Anne
Published: September 2019

Viele Mega-Projekte folgen den gleichen Mustern: Sie werden nicht nur als rein ökonomisch rational präsentiert, sondern als Inbegriff von Modernität. Es kommt zu einem Primat des Technologischen gegenüber dem der Politik. Damit erscheinen alle, die kritische Fragen technischer, sozialer oder ökologischer Art aufwerfen, als rückwärtsgewandte Bedenkenträger*innen, die gesellschaftlichen Fortschritt und Entwicklung behindern. Anknüpfend an sozialwissenschaftliche Debatten um Extraktivismus und Megaprojekte zeigt sich, dass für Megaprojekte immer wieder staatsbürgerschaftliche Rechte außer Kraft gesetzt und demokratische Prinzipien unterlaufen werden. Auf dem amerikanischen Kontinent bedeutet dies: Gebiete des Landes werden „geopfert“, v.a. solche, in denen indigene und schwarze Bevölkerungsgruppen sich in langwierigen Prozessen Territorialrechte erkämpft haben, Menschen vertrieben, Zonen der Unsicherheit geschaffen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass genau diese Muster auch auf den Kanalbau in Nicaragua zutreffen, den die Regierung Ortega seit 2013 vorantreibt. Proteste gegen den Kanalbau werden diffamiert, die Bemühungen indigener Gruppen, territoriale Rechte zu beanspruchen, unterlaufen und verbriefte Rechte auf vorherige Konsultation missachtet. Es kommt zu einer weiteren Zentralisierung von Entscheidungen und zur Intensivierung autoritärer Praktiken.
Prefrontal BOLD Responses Coupled to Changing Emotional Faces in Adolescents with and without a History of Suicide Attempt
Authors: Chase Henry W. , Segreti Anna Maria , Fournier Jay C. , Phillips Mary L. , Brent David , Pan Lisa
Published: September 2019

Background: Functional abnormalities in emotion processing neural circuitry in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt relative to depressed adolescents with no history of suicide and healthy controls have been identified, typically utilizing static face presentations. Objective: The objective of the present work was to characterize functional activations associated with emotional face processing in adolescents with and without a history of suicide attempt. Methods: 64 adolescents including 19 with a history of depression and suicide attempt (ATT), 22 with a history of depression but no suicide attempt (NAT) and 23 healthy controls (HC) performed an implicit emotional-faces task during functional neuroimaging, in which they identified a color label superimposed on neutral faces that dynamically morphed into one of four emotional faces (angry, fearful, sad, and happy). Results: HC showed greater Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses compared with ATT in the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rDLPFC) to all emotional faces compared to shapes. A similar pattern of group differences was seen when both ATT and NAT groups were compared with HC. Across all participants, an association between child trauma and rDLPFC activation was seen, although this was not corrected for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Together, the findings are consistent with prior observations of emotion-related alterations in neural function in suicide attempters. However, they also suggest that adequate control groups are necessary to dissociate specific correlates of suicide risk from depression or trauma severity, which may contribute to prefrontal alterations in emotion processing.
The Impact of Mega Sporting Events on Host Country’s Destination Images: The Cases of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics and 2015 Beijing IAAF World Championships
Authors: Kim Yongjae , Kim Jeeyoon , Cho Sungho , Yim Kitae
Published: September 2019

Abstract: From a tourism perspective, this study examined the change in host countries’ destination images before and after mega sporting events. The study developed and tested a conceptual model delineating the relationship among sport event involvement, designation images, attitude towards the host country, and visit intention. This study further examined if the model has the same pattern across different sporting events. For the purpose of this study, the 2015 International Association of Athletics Federations Championships and the 2014 Winter Olympic Games were selected. Using a mall and street intercept sampling method, a total of 572 participants were recruited in the United States. The results of a series of structural equation modeling tests showed positive change in Safety and Urban images before and after both events. This study showed that change in destination images varies across sporting events. These findings suggest the need for more holistic and integrated event marketing strategies to attract more tourists from foreign countries.
AS CONCEPÇÕES DE FORMAÇÃO COMO PONTO DE PARTIDA E DE CHEGADA NO MESTRADO PROFISSIONAL EM EDUCAÇÃO DA UEMS: REVELAÇÕES E DISPOSIÇÕES A FAVOR DOS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS
Authors: Sousa Sandra , Nogueira Eliane Greice , Rocha Cristiane Ribeiro
Published: September 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções de formação evidenciadas nas propostas de intervenção elaboradas na linha de pesquisa Formação de Professores e Diversidade, no período de 2014 a 2018, no Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado Profissional em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS). Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram analisados os resumos e as propostas de intervenção de 38 dissertações, à luz dos estudos sobre formação e desenvolvimento profissional docente. Como resultados, aponta-se que, embora haja trabalhos que evidenciam uma concepção de aprendizagem docente em uma perspectiva não transmissiva e verticalizada, persiste a predominância, nas propostas de intervenção, de uma concepção de formação pautada na racionalidade técnica, denominada por Marilyn Cochran-Smith e Susan Lytle de conhecimento-para-a-prática, construída em torno da ideia de cursos, palestras ou oficinas. Conclui-se que as propostas de intervenção, como produção acadêmica que têm alcançado uma importante visibilidade nas secretarias estadual e municipal de educação de Campo Grande/MS, precisam contribuir para uma mudança de compreensão dos processos formativos, visando a construção de redes colaborativas de aprendizagem e socialização dos conhecimentos produzidos por docentes sobre sua prática profissional, para que não sejam tão-somente pontos de chegada, ou seja, que não permitam a partir delas avanços nas concepções de formação dos mestrandos e dos responsáveis pela formação continuada no estado.
SOLAR DESALINATION UNIT BASED ON HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMEDIFICATION PROCESSES INTEGRATED WITH FPC
Authors: Amori Karima , Al-Abbasi Athraa
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination system integrated with flat plate collector (FPC) was investigated experimentally in an attempt to study the production of fresh water using renewable energy. Two types of solar collectors; concentrated parabolic trough solar collector (to heat oil) and non-concentrated (FPC) (to heat saline water before entering the humidifier) were used in this work. Photovoltaic panels (PV) with DC to AC inverter are used to operate, air fan, oil pump and water pumps. The experiments were carried out in August 2016 under climatological conditions of Baghdad- Iraq (latitude 33.33° N, of longitude 44.4° E). Performance of the HDH system is examined with and without FPC. Saline water was first filtered by a sand filter to reduce water turbidity by (85% – 90%) and is also working to eliminate lichens and the suspended solids from saline water. This filtered saline water was processed through humidification dehumidification system based on solar collector for heat source. Selected water samples are tested for Total Dissolved Salt (TDS) in (mg/l), pH, turbidity in (NTU) and electrical conductivity in (?s/cm) measured before and after desalination process. Before filter the water Turbidity is about (11.2 NTU) while after sand filter it is decreased to (1.94 NTU) and it was (0.1 NTU) after dehumidifier. Results showed that the accumulated productivity is (1050 milliliter); it has been improved by 62%when using FPC.
Uji Kualitas Air Pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Inkonvensional di Kecamatan Merawang, Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: . Guskarnali , Rosita Alfitri , Andini Delita Ega
Published: September 2019

This research about water quality testing on unconventional mining land in Merawang District,Bangka Regency to be used as a water source for fulfilling daily needs for the surroundingcommunity.Sampling is done by purposive sampling by taking into account the considerationof the condition and state of the landscape from the research area. The sample points weretaken as many as 2 samples with different conditions where sample 1 was obtained from thewater under the results of the dominant tin mine tailings in the form of sandstone and claystones and sample 2 from the water under the results of tin mine tailings in the form of kaolin.The taking distance from the two samples is close to about 5 Km. From the results of fielddata collection and laboratory analysis, the pH value in sample 1 was 5.71 and sample 2 was5.57, TSS had a value in sample 1 of 7 mg / L and sample 2 of 8 mg / L, while the TDS valuein sample 1 was 92 mg / L and sample 2 was 8 mg / L. Whereas from laboratory analysis ofdissolved metals obtained values in sample-1 and sample-2 in the form of copper (Cu) havethe same value of 0.0153 and lead (Zn) 0.0531 while sample-2 value of lead dissolved metal(Zn) is 0, 0977. From the chemical and physical parameters and analysis of dissolved metalsif based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 416 ,1990 about Water QualityRequirements and Supervision and Government Regulation No. 82, 2001 aboutManagement of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control is still classified under the qualitybook and is determined by the value of the Pollution Index based (IPj) on the Decree of theMinister of Environment Number 115,2003 about Guidelines for Determining the Status ofWater Quality. This method is used to determine the level of pollution relative to permittedwater quality parameters. The results obtained indicate that the water quality in the twosamples is categorized as inappropriate (light polluted) as a drinking water qualityrequirement because it has a pollution index value for designation (IPj ) sample-1 was 2.15and sample-2 was 1.86.
Can ESR be a diagnostic marker for assessing the severityof malarial infection? A retrospective study
Authors: Patil Asha , Muduthan Vivek Raghavan , Kunder Gunavathi
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the variation of ESR in malarial infection and find out the variation of ESR in related to the degree of parasitemia.

Material and Methods: A retrospective study with a duration of 6 months, on 385 randomly selected positive malaria cases. Their clinical record and lab records were analyzed for ESR level.

Result: The sample of 385 positive malaria cases has included both males and females, ages ranged from 15-60 years old. A total number of Plasmodium.falciparumwas 60 (uncomplicated & severe cases) and for Plasmodiumvivax was 325. In P.vivax infection the raised values were seen in 174 cases (53.5%) and in P. falciparum infection it was seen in 36 cases (60%). The degree of parasitemia did not show any significant rise in ESR in case of malarial infection.

Conclusion: In our investigation, the degree of parasitemia did not show a significant rise in ESR except in the case of occasional parasitemia. We assume that the rise in ESR may be due to inflammatory process during infection or due to the presence of inclusion bodies

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.756-759
Забезпечення безпеки осіб, залучених до конфіденційного співробітництва під час досудового розслідування злочинів корисливо-насильницького спрямування
Authors: Ценов Д. М.
Published: September 2019

У статті досліджено правове регулювання використання слідчим конфіденційного співробітництва під час досудового розслідування злочинів корисливо-насильницького спрямування. Здійснено аналіз думок науковців та практики реалізації положень законодавчих актів щодо наявних проблем забезпечення безпеки осіб, залучених до конфіденційного співробітництва під час досудового розслідування злочинів корисливо-насильницького спрямування та визначено напрями удосконалення такої діяльності.
PERAN MIKROBIOM PADA INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL
Authors: Indriatmi Wresti
Published: September 2019

Komposisi mikrobiota saluran reproduksi berkaitan dengan kesehatan reproduksi dan ketahanannya terhadap infeksi menular seksual, terutama pada perempuan. Saluran reproduksi perempuan dan laki-laki dapat terpajan dengan komunitas mikroba asing selama aktivitas seksual. Proteksi oleh mikrobiota vagina sehat terhadap infeksi virus dapat diperankan oleh efek virusidal langsung atau oleh faktor pertahanan alamiah yang terdapat di dalam lingkungan vagina. Flora vagina abnormal yang kekurangan lactobacilli dihubungkan dengan kemudahan terinfeksi Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, serta Trichomonas vaginalis. Pada laki-laki, mikrobiota dapat ditemukan pada genitalia bagian bawah, terutama penis, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh sirkumsisi. Sirkumsisi dapat mengurangi risiko beberapa infeksi menular seksual (IMS), yaitu herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dengan cara mengubah mikrobiota penis dan lingkungan imunitas lokal. Mikrobiota pada rektum juga berperan bila hubungan seksual dilakukan secara anogenital reseptif. Dengan demikian, penularan patogen infeksi menular seksual akan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi mikrobiota genital atau pun rektum.Kata kunci: mikrobiom, mikrobiota, infeksi menular seksual
MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4
Authors: Wang Yi-Fei , Ao Xiang , Liu Ying , Ding Dan , Jiao Wen-Jie , Yu Zhuang , Zhai Wen-Xin , Dong Sheng-Hua , He Yu-Qi , Guo Hang , Wang Jian-Xun
Published: September 2019

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of ∼20–25 nucleotides in length. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a class of genetic variation in the human genome, which when present in miRNA genes are associated with the risk of developing cancer. This study aimed to identify whether the miRNA (miR)-608 polymorphism rs4919510 influenced the incidence of lung cancer, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of miR-608 in the pathogenesis of the disease. A total of 37 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were selected to determine the expression levels of miR-608; 96 NSCLC patients and 136 cancer-free healthy controls were recruited to determine the incidence of miR-608 rs4919510 in lung cancer patients. Additionally, the impact of miR-608 on the expression of predicted target genes, cell migration, viability, proliferation, and apoptosis was also assessed. We found that the presence of miR-608 rs4919510 did not affect the susceptibility of patients to NSCLC or the maturation of miR-608. miR-608 expression levels were found to be downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-608 promoted doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines A549 and HCC4006 by inhibiting the expression of transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 4 (TFAP4), and high expression levels of TFAP4 were observed in NSCLC tissues. Therefore, our results may provide valuable insights for the chemotherapeutical treatment of NSCLC.
Feedback-Based Integration of the Whole Process of Data Anonymization in a Graphical Interface
Authors: Meindl Bernhard , Templ Matthias
Published: September 2019

The interactive, web-based point-and-click application presented in this article, allows anonymizing data without any knowledge in a programming language. Anonymization in data mining, but creating safe, anonymized data is by no means a trivial task. Both the methodological issues as well as know-how from subject matter specialists should be taken into account when anonymizing data. Even though specialized software such as sdcMicro exists, it is often difficult for nonexperts in a particular software and without programming skills to actually anonymize datasets without an appropriate app. The presented app is not restricted to apply disclosure limitation techniques but rather facilitates the entire anonymization process. This interface allows uploading data to the system, modifying them and to create an object defining the disclosure scenario. Once such a statistical disclosure control (SDC) problem has been defined, users can apply anonymization techniques to this object and get instant feedback on the impact on risk and data utility after SDC methods have been applied. Additional features, such as an Undo Button, the possibility to export the anonymized dataset or the required code for reproducibility reasons, as well its interactive features, make it convenient both for experts and nonexperts in R—the free software environment for statistical computing and graphics—to protect a dataset using this app.
Adaptability and Stability Comparisons of Inbred and Hybrid Cotton in Yield and Fiber Quality Traits
Authors: Shahzad Kashif , Qi Tingxiang , Guo Liping , Tang Huini , Zhang Xuexian , Wang Hailin , Qiao Xiuqin , Zhang Meng , Zhang Bingbing , Feng Juanjuan , Shahid Iqbal Muhammad , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu
Published: September 2019

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important fiber crop worldwide. Characterizing genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is helpful to identify stable genotypes across diverse environments. This study was conducted in six environments to compare the performance and stability of 11 inbred lines and 30 intraspecific hybrids of cotton. Analysis of variance using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model revealed that genotype (G), environment (E), and GEI had highly significant effects on yield and fiber quality traits. Mean comparisons among genotypes showed that most hybrids had higher means for yield and fiber quality traits than inbred genotypes. Additionally, a larger portion of the total variability in yield traits was explained by E than G and GEI. However, G and GEI combined contributed more to the total variance in fiber traits than E. The first three interaction principal components explained the majority of GEI in all traits under study. For most traits, the environments were not clustered together, implying contrasting interaction with genotypes. Stability measurements indicated that most hybrids showed more stable performance than inbred lines for all traits. The hybrids SJ48-1 × Z98-15 and L28-2 × A2-10 displayed both better performance and stability in yield and fiber quality traits. Our results show the importance of hybridization for improving cotton yield and fiber quality in a wide range of environments.
Regulated Deficit Irrigation as a Water-Saving Strategy for Onion Cultivation in Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Abdelkhalik Abdelsattar , Pascual Bernardo , Nájera Inmaculada , Baixauli Carlos , Pascual-Seva Nuria
Published: September 2019

Field experiments were performed for two growing seasons in Spain under Mediterranean conditions to evaluate the response of onion growth, plant water status, bulb yield, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and gross revenue to regulated deficit irrigation strategies (RDI). Seven irrigation treatments were utilized, including the application of 100% irrigation water requirements (IWR) during the entire growing season and the application of 75% or 50% of the IWR during one of the following growth stages: the vegetative growth, bulbing, and bulb ripening stages. The deficit irrigation strategies tested decreased marketable yields to greater or lesser extents; therefore, if water is readily available, full irrigation would be recommended. The RDI with 50% of the IWR during the bulb ripening stage led to important water savings (22%) and to slight decreases in yield (9%), improving IWUE (20%) compared with full irrigation, and this strategy can be recommended under a severe water shortage. A satisfactory bulb yield was obtained with RDI with 75% of the IWR during the bulb ripening stages, resulting in a lower reduction in yield (4%) and in an increased IWUE (9%); this strategy is an advisable strategy for onion production under a mild water shortage in Mediterranean conditions.
Long-Term Impact of Potassium Fertilization on Soil and Productivity in Intensive Olive Cultivation
Authors: Haberman Amnon , Dag Arnon , Shtern Nerya , Zipori Isaac , Erel Ran , Ben-Gal Alon , Yermiyahu Uri
Published: September 2019

The olive growing sector is transitioning from traditional to intensive irrigated cultivation, dictating a need to reconsider orchard management practices including fertilization. Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient, typically found in high concentrations in plants. Orchard K fertilization requirements are commonly derived from the disparity between assumed tree requirements and extractable soil K. The long-term impact of insufficient fertilization on K available in the soil, growth, and yield of irrigated field-grown olive trees was evaluated over six consecutive seasons. Withholding of K fertilization led to lower exchangeable and soluble K concentrations in the soil and significantly impaired yield. The reduction in yield was attributed to reduced flowering and fruit set, resulting in a lower fruit number. Tree vegetative growth and flowering quality traits were not affected. In addition, trees not receiving K appeared to be more susceptible to alternate bearing. Following two seasons of omitting K fertilization, leaf K concentration did not decrease below the conventionally accepted sufficiency threshold for olive (0.8%). In spite of this, the trees produced significantly lower yields. Our results suggest that long-term insufficient K fertilization results in reduced soil available K and consequently impairs tree productivity. The results imply that the sufficiency threshold for K in diagnostic leaves should be reconsidered for intensive orchards. Moreover, the current method for K deficiency detection using leaf K concentration may be inadequate for intensive orchards. Integration of other parameters, such as fruit K content, leaf Na, and changes in soil exchangeable K content or sorption energy, may promote a more reliable analysis of orchard K nutritional status.