bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A coordinative scaled model design method with attached plates for underwater shaking table tests
Authors: Wei Xin , Shi Yundong , Chang Wenhao , Chen Yuyi , Zheng Qingtao , Li Cheng , Hu Ximei , Hou Bingchao , Li Wei
Published: September 2023

Structures located in the water environment undergo additional hydrodynamic forces induced by fluid–structure interaction under earthquakes, which could increase the dynamic responses and affect the seismic performance of underwater structures. Underwater shaking table tests are generally used to verify the seismic performance of structures by using scaled models. Unlike the traditional shaking table without water, it is difficult to design the scaled model as the traditional similitude law requires the designer to change the mass density of water, which is impossible in reality. As a result, the mass density similitude ratio of water mismatches with that of the specimen, which leads to an inconsistent scale of the hydrodynamic forces and the inertia forces of the specimens. A new scaled model design method based on the coordinative similitude law is proposed. This increases the hydrodynamic forces of the model using attached plates to ensure the consistency of the similitude ratio of hydrodynamic forces and inertia forces. A series of numerical simulations are conducted in ADINA (finite element software) to validate the proposed coordinative scaled model design method with attached plates by comparing with the conventional scaled model (CSM) designed based on the artificial mass modeling method and the prototype under unidirectional and bidirectional earthquakes coupled with hydrodynamic forces. The results show that the maximum relative error of dynamic responses could reach 82.80% between the CSM and the prototype; while it is 25% between the coordinative scaled model with attached plates and the prototype. The coordinative scaled model with attached plates can reproduce the responses of the prototype with high accuracy, and thus it is recommended to be used in the underwater shaking table tests.
SHIP1 and its role for innate immune regulation—Novel targets for immunotherapy
Authors: Yeoh Wen Jie , Krebs Philippe
Published: September 2023

Phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) signaling plays key roles in the regulation of cellular activity in both health and disease. In immune cells, this PI3K/AKT pathway is critically regulated by the phosphoinositide phosphatase SHIP1, which has been reported to modulate the function of most immune subsets. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of SHIP1 with a focus on innate immune cells, where we reflect on the most pertinent aspects described in the current literature. We also present several small‐molecule agonists and antagonists of SHIP1 developed over the last two decades, which have led to improved outcomes in several preclinical models of disease. We outline these promising findings and put them in relation to human diseases with unmet medical needs, where we discuss the most attractive targets for immune therapies based on SHIP1 modulation.
Change by (almost) all means: The role of conspiracy mentality in predicting support for social change among the political left and right
Authors: Winter Kevin , Pummerer Lotte , Sassenberg Kai
Published: September 2023

Right‐wing movements across the globe call for system‐changing actions. This development contradicts the typically assumed resistance to change among the political right. Many of these movements use conspiracist rhetoric and, thus, we reasoned that conspiracy mentality might be associated with the striving for system change—especially on the political right. In four cross‐sectional studies in Germany (one nationally quota‐balanced, one preregistered; total N = 1539) we found that high conspiracy mentality was related to support for social change among the right and to support for reactionary social change among the left. Support for change among those high in conspiracy mentality was diminished when elected representatives (vs the population) were thought to drive social change. These results suggest that both right wingers and left wingers high in conspiracy mentality support change in ways that are seemingly incompatible with their political orientation.
A novel damage evaluation method for exposed column bases (ECBs) affecting the seismic properties of low‐rise steel moment‐resisting frames (MRF)
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Kurata Masahiro
Published: September 2023

Exposed column base (ECB) connections are widely used in low‐ and mid‐rise steel moment‐resisting frames (MRFs). In this study, we investigated the impact of ECB damage on the overall seismic properties of low‐rise MRFs. A novel method was proposed to evaluate the post‐earthquake conditions of steel frame structures based on the coupling coefficient (CC). Using only the strain gauge data of the columns in the bottom storey, a method using a modified CC was adopted to classify the degree of damage by estimating the residual capacity of the MRF and predicting the future seismic response under specific intensity levels of hypothetical earthquakes, considering both the structural and non‐structural components. The limit values of CC were obtained by solving the deduced equations. Finite element analyses were conducted to validate the proposed method. The method was applied for calculating the test data of a four‐storey MRF tested at the E‐Defense shaking table facility. Four loading cases comprising six groups of monitored data in the X‐ and Y‐directions were used in this study. A comprehensive and systematic evaluation result was eventually obtained, and the accuracy of the method was validated.
Fractionation, identification of chemical constituents, and biological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaf extracts
Authors: Pham Dinh‐Chuong , Truong Dieu‐Hien , Tran Quang Huy , Ho Quang Tien , Nguyen Thieu Anh Duy , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen , Nguyen Thanh Vinh , Nguyen Thi Thao Vy , Cao Tan Sang , Barrow Colin J. , Nguyen Hoang Chinh
Published: September 2023

The current study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its fractions (ethyl acetate (EAF), hexane (HEF), and aqueous (AEF)) from leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) grown in Vietnam. A total of 31 compounds which belong to alkanes, hydrocarbons, iodine, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids were determined by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, with bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate being the most prevailing compound. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the EAF, followed by HEF, CEE, and AQF. All samples showed promising in vitro antibacterial activity, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer activity. Among the samples tested, the EAF exhibited the highest enzyme inhibition activity against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase (IC50 values of 51.24 μg/mL and 99.29 μg/mL, respectively), cytotoxicity activity against HeLa cells (IC50 value of 79.49 μg/mL), and antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 5 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the leaves of A. occidentale cultivated in Vietnam are a promising source of bioactive components and that EAF is a promising bioactive material warranting further pharmaceutical investigation.
A systematic scoping review of peer support interventions in integrated primary youth mental health care
Authors: Murphy Rachel , Huggard Leigh , Fitzgerald Amanda , Hennessy Eilis , Booth Ailbhe
Published: September 2023

Peer support, defined as the social and emotional support offered and received by individuals with a shared experience of mental health difficulties, is gaining popularity in youth mental health settings. This systematic scoping review aimed to collate and synthesise the evidence on key aspects of peer support interventions within integrated youth services and educational settings. Specifically, it synthesised evidence on the (1) assessed mental health outcomes in peer support interventions, (2) key characteristics and associated roles of peer support workers (PSWs) and (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation. A search of peer reviewed articles from January 2005 to June 2022 across five electronic databases (PsychINFO, Pubmed, Scopus, ERIC and CINAHL) was conducted. A total of 15 studies retrieved in the search met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This review supports previous research indicating that peer support has potential for improving recovery related outcomes. While a variety of interventions and PSW roles were reported, studies could be strengthened by providing more in‐depth information on intervention content. Examples of barriers to implementation included staff concerns around confidentiality of peer support relationships as well as PSWs' confidence in their roles. Facilitators included positive support from staff members and role clarity.
Confronting misconceptions of public housing communities: A qualitative report of community‐informed narratives by community members and partners
Authors: Walsh Colleen S. , Leslie Carine E. , Ross Katherine M. , Santana Arlenis , Radabaugh Skylar , Edmonds Torey , Sullivan Terri N.
Published: September 2023

Objectives were (a) to understand a community‐informed narrative, as told by community members (CMs) and community partners (CPs), about the strengths, experiences, and perspectives of public housing communities; and (b) to analyze similarities and differences between CMs' and CPs' experiences and perspectives. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 CMs of public housing (ages 26–58, 100% female caregivers, 96% Black, 4% multiethnic) and 43 CPs (ages 28–78, 67.4% female, 81.4% Black and African American). Four themes were derived from the CM and CP interviews: (1) counters to public narratives, (2) disinvestment begets disinvestment, (3) community conditions should be better, and (4) community cohesion and connection. Findings from this study present community‐centered narratives and experiences that were counter to stereotyped public narratives and could influence public perceptions and behavior to inform policy changes related to improving living conditions and supporting CMs in public and low‐income housing communities.
Greenhouse gas emissions from soils in corn‐based cropping systems
Authors: Kazula Maciej J. , Lauer Joseph G.
Published: September 2023

Crop rotation is a management practice with high greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigating potential that is often neglected due to economic influences. Three long‐term rotation studies in Wisconsin were selected to assess the potential opportunities for mitigating GHG emissions by comparing the temporal and spatial variability of N2O, CO2, and CH4 emissions in continuous corn (CC) (Zea mays L.), corn–soybean (CS) [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn–soybean–wheat (CSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) using a static chamber method. GHG emissions were influenced by weather conditions and following nitrogen (N) application during a 3‐year measurement period. In high N input environments at Arlington and Lancaster, N2O emissions in CC were 5.80 and 4.40 kg N ha–1, respectively, which was much higher than the emissions in CS and CSW rotations that ranged from 1.52 to 3.33 kg N ha–1. In the low N input environment at Marshfield, N2O emissions were not statistically different among CC, CS, and CSW rotations (1.20–1.66 kg N ha–1). Yield‐scaled N2O emissions were not different among crop rotations. When pooled over locations, CO2 emissions were highest in CC (4.16 Mg C ha−1) and were similar in CS and CSW (3.71 and 3.50 Mg C ha–1, respectively). Soils either emitted or absorbed small and inconsistent amounts of CH4. These results provide important insights as to how weather conditions and differences among management practices affect GHG emissions and show that application of either 2‐year CS or 3‐year CSW rotation can be equally effective in reducing N2O emissions compared to CC, especially with high N applications.
A nomogram prognostic model for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma based on SUVmax and GNRI in elderly patients
Authors: Li Maoqin , Lu Haihao , Fan Jiaoyang , Dai Min , Su Chang
Published: September 2023

To establish a nomogram for elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on nutritional and imaging features. The data of 221 elderly pretreatment DLBCL patients were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were randomly separated into the training group and validation group. A nomogram was built based on the results of multivariate analysis. A nomogram was established based on maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and lactate dehydrogenase. The concordance index (C‐index) of the nomogram was 0.772 for the training group and 0.729 for the validation group, and similar results were found in the area under the curve (AUC). The calibration curve showed favorable consistency between prediction and real survival. The decision curve analysis (DCA) also showed that the nomogram had favorable clinical effectiveness. The new risk‐stratification model divided patients into three groups with obvious survival. The C‐index and AUCs for the new model were greater than those of IPI and NCCN‐IPI. The DCA curve suggested that the new model had better clinical effectiveness than the IPI and NCCN‐IPI. The nomogram prognostic model based on SUVmax and GNRI performed superior to NCCN‐IPI and equal to IPI for risk stratification of elderly DLBCL patients.
Real‐world utilization and healthcare costs for multiple myeloma: A retrospective analysis of patients in Singapore
Authors: Bayani Diana Beatriz , Lin Yihao Clement , Ooi Melissa G. , Tso Allison Ching Yee , Wee Hwee Lin
Published: September 2023

Multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy, imposes a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. Health technology assessments (HTA) and economic evaluations play vital roles in reimbursement decisions and cost containment. This study aimed to explore healthcare utilization patterns and costs among myeloma patients in Singapore through a retrospective analysis of 605 patients treated at two cancer centers. Data encompassing demographics, treatment utilization, and billing were extracted from electronic records, and a cost analysis was performed from the perspective of the Singapore healthcare system. The results revealed common usage of immunomodulatory agents (52%) and proteasome inhibitors (37%), with bortezomib being the most frequently used targeted treatment. Treatment costs increased with disease progression, displaying variations depending on the therapeutic agent used. Notably, hospitalization costs due to adverse events were substantial, with pneumonia as the leading cause. This study highlights the high cost of myeloma therapy in Singapore, posing a financial burden for households. Findings may inform economic evaluations, evidence generation, reimbursement, and subsidy decisions. Leveraging real‐world data from electronic records provides valuable insights into local healthcare utilization patterns. Future studies may explore integrating billing databases with clinical repositories for a more comprehensive analysis, and consider limitations such as incomplete clinical information and potential selection bias.
To be precise (imprecise) in utilitarian (hedonic) contexts: Examining the influence of numerical precision on consumer reactions to artificial intelligence‐based recommendations
Authors: Zhu Hong , Zhu Zimeng , Ou Yilin , Yin Ya
Published: September 2023

The precision of artificial intelligence (AI)‐generated information has been suggested in the past as a method of nudging consumers' evaluations and intentions, but little is known about whether such effects are also context‐sensitive. Based on four studies, we find a matched condition under which consumers are more likely to make a positive response when precise (imprecise) numbers presented by AI recommenders are used in a utilitarian (hedonic) consumption context (Study 1). Additionally, we show that consumer conceptual fluency also mediates this matching effect on consumer purchase decision‐making (Studies 2). We further show the matching effect is moderated by the recommender type (Study 3) and consumer lay beliefs about the AI and human recommenders (Study 4). This study shows that when consumers' lay belief changes from “AI performs objective tasks well” and “Human performs subjective tasks well” to “AI performs subjective tasks well” and “Human performs objective tasks well,” it can change the difference in the matching relationship between human and AI recommenders.
FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors
Authors: Liu Qing , Huang Jiyu , Yan Weiwei , Liu Zhen , Liu Shu , Fang Weiyi
Published: September 2023

There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1–FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance toTKIsinevitably develops, such as the well‐known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
The unique interplay of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and immunity and its potential implication for the sex‐ and age‐related morbidity of severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Li Yinchuan , Li Lei , Wu Guanghao , Xie Gangcai , Yi Lirong , Zhu Jie , Liang ShiYu , Huang Ya‐ru , Chen Juan , Ji Shaoyang , Sun Fei , Liu Rui‐tian
Published: September 2023

Aged male patients are more vulnerable to severe or critical symptoms of COVID‐19, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed previously published scRNA‐seq data from a large cohort of COVID‐19 patients, castrated and regenerated mice, and bulk RNA‐seq of a RNAi library of 400 genes, and revealed that both immunity and OXPHOS displayed cell‐type‐, sex‐, and age‐related variation in the severe or critical COVID‐19 patients during disease progression, with a more prominent increase in immunity and decrease in OXPHOS in myeloid cells in the males relative to the females (60–69 years old). Male severe or critical patients above 70 years old were an exception in that the compromised negative correlation between OXPHOS and immunity in these patients was associated with its disordered transcriptional regulation. Finally, the expression levels of OXPHOS and androgens were revealed to be positively correlated, and the responses of macrophages to android fluctuation were more striking than other types of detected immune cells in the castrated mice model. Therefore, the interplay of OXPHOS and immunity displayed a cell‐type‐specific, age‐related, and sex‐biased pattern, and the underlying potential regulatory role of the hormonal milieu should not be neglected.
Ginsenoside RG1‐induced mesenchymal stem cells alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy through secreting exosomal circNOTCH1 to promote macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Zhen Juan , Bai Jinping , Liu Jia , Men Hongbo , Yu Haitao
Published: September 2023

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac complication resulting from long‐term uncontrolled diabetes, characterized by myocardial fibrosis and abnormal cardiac function. This study aimed at investigating the potential of ginsenoside RG1 (RG1)‐induced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in alleviating DCM. A DCM mouse model was constructed, and the effects of RG1‐induced MSCs on myocardial function and fibrosis in diabetic mice were evaluated. RG1‐induced MSCs were cocultured with high glucose‐treated fibroblasts for subsequent functional and mechanism assays. It was discovered that RG1‐induced MSCs secrete exosomes that induce macrophage M2 polarization. Mechanistically, exosomes derived from RG1‐induced MSCs transferred circNOTCH1 into macrophages, activating the NOTCH signaling pathway. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory axis consisting of circNOTCH1, miR‐495‐3p, and NOTCH1 was found to contribute to DCM alleviation.. This study unveiled that exosomal circNOTCH1 secreted by RG1‐induced MSCs can alleviate DCM by activating the NOTCH signaling pathway to induce macrophage M2 polarization. This finding may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches for DCM.
A successful case of robot‐assisted thoracic surgery for apical thoracic schwannoma
Authors: Oyamatsu Hironori , Fujimura Takaki , Okagawa Takehiko , Niimi Seijirou
Published: September 2023

Key message

The thoracic apex is a narrow and complicated area with nerves and vessels, making it difficult to secure a visual field and perform surgical operations. Robot‐assisted surgery enabled good visibility and highly flexible forceps manipulation, we were able to perform minimally invasive and safe thoracic apical tumour resection.
Deep neuromuscular block attenuates intra‐abdominal pressure and inflammation and improves post‐operative cognition in prostate cancer patients following robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hu Guangjun , Shao Weidong , Chen Zhuo , Li Bixi , Xu Bo
Published: September 2023

Background

Whether neuromuscular block (NMB) affects Intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) and cognition in Prostate cancer (PC) patients with Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) remains unclear. Here we aimed to compare the effects of deep and moderate NMB on the IAP, inflammation, and cognition.

Methods

The Moderate neuromuscular block (MNMB) group (N = 44) and Deep neuromuscular block (DNMB) group (N = 47) were recruited. Intra‐abdominal pressure was adjusted to meet RALRP requirements. The expression of pro‐inflammatory factors was measured by ELISA. MMSE scores were recorded before the operation, 1 day and 1 week after the operation.

Results

Significant decreases in IAP (p < 0.001) and IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐a, and S‐100β (p ≤ 0.01) expressions were found in the DNMB group. The MMSE score in the DNMB group was higher than that in the MNMB group on day one (p = 0.046). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower in the DNMB group than that in the MNMB group (p = 0.013).

Conclusions

DNMB reduces IAP and inflammation and improves post‐operative cognitive functions in PC patients with RALRP.
Interdisciplinary collaboration in higher education towards sustainable development
Authors: Podgórska Marzena , Zdonek Iwona
Published: September 2023

The literature and practitioners both emphasise the need to involve universities in the promotion and implementation of SDGs. On the other hand, the lack of practical solutions to include SDGs in university activity is constantly emphasised. The objective of the article is to investigate how project‐based learning innovations used in student education affect the achievement of sustainable development goals. We analyse whether innovative project based–learning projects at a leading technology university in Poland pursued from 2018 to 2021 contribute to achieving sustainable development goals, and we study the matter of interdisciplinarity of the project teams. To this end, we employ a qualitative content analysis of reports for 108 projects that involved 324 researchers, 607 students, and 233 experts from the university's business environment. The categorical data yielded by the analysis are analysed with quantitative methods: frequency analysis, correspondence analysis, and data visualisation. The analyses demonstrated that the most commonly pursued sustainable development goals were: SDG 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 3: Good Health and Well‐Being, and SDG 12: Responsible Production and Construction. Biomedical Engineering experts pursued projects dedicated to SDG 3: Good Health and Well‐Being, while Automation and Robotics specialists focused on SDGs 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure and SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The primary sustainable development goal for Environmental Engineering teams was SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production followed by SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation and 7: Affordable and Clean Energy. The most common interdisciplinarity in the teams was of the second type: interdisciplinarity bringing together experts from two research areas. The article presents the results of research on the process of promoting sustainable development through project‐based learning implemented under an interdisciplinary collaboration of teams of university staff, students, and experts from businesses associated with the university. The results contribute to the academic debate on the ability of universities to teach, implement, and promote sustainable development and its goals.
The last Baru (Crocodylia, Mekosuchinae): a new species of ‘cleaver‐headed crocodile’ from central Australia and the turnover of crocodylians during the Late Miocene in Australia
Authors: Yates Adam M. , Ristevski Jorgo , Salisbury Steven W.
Published: September 2023

Baru is a genus that includes several large mekosuchine crocodylians from the Oligo‐Miocene of Australia. Here we describe Baru iylwenpeny sp. nov. from a large sample of cranial bones from the Upper Miocene Alcoota Local Fauna of the Northern Territory. Baru iylwenpeny can be diagnosed by several autapomorphies that include, but are not limited to: extreme reduction of the pneumatic foramina associated with the diverticula that invade the bones of the suspensorium; and enlargement of the postcaniniform maxillary teeth resulting in crowding of the postcaniniform alveoli and a reduction in the number of maxillary alveoli to 12. The new species is the geologically youngest known member of the genus. While species of Baru are a ubiquitous component of Oligo‐Miocene crocodylian assemblages from northern Australia, they are absent from all known Plio‐Pleistocene sites, suggesting the extinction of the genus by the latest Miocene. We suggest that the marked taxonomic turnover of crocodylian assemblages between the Upper Miocene Alcoota Local Fauna and the Lower Pliocene is the result of a short period of severe aridity during the latest Miocene, causing widespread crocodylian extinctions across Australia, followed by the establishment of taxonomically novel crocodylian faunas in the Pliocene. This event mirrors similar contemporary losses of crocodylian diversity in Africa and South America, although these cases are partly driven by local tectonic events. It is likely that late Cenozoic global cooling also played a role in these extinctions.
Ultrasound appearance of decidualized non‐ovarian endometriotic lesions during pregnancy and after delivery
Authors: Zajicek M. , Berkowitz E. , Yulzari V. , Kassif E. , Burke Y. , Elizur S. , Inbar Y. , Zolti M. , Weisz B. , Soriano D.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the changes in the ultrasound characteristics of decidualized non‐ovarian endometriotic lesions that occur during pregnancy and after delivery.

Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study carried out at a single tertiary center between December 2018 and October 2021. Pregnant women with endometriosis underwent a standardized transvaginal ultrasound examination with color Doppler imaging once in every trimester and after delivery. Non‐ovarian endometriotic lesions were measured and evaluated by subjective semiquantitative assessment of blood flow. Lesions with moderate‐to‐marked blood flow were considered decidualized. The size and vascularization of decidualized and non‐decidualized lesions were compared between the gravid state and after delivery. Only patients with non‐ovarian endometriotic lesion(s) who underwent postpartum examination were included in the final analysis.

Results

Overall, 26 pregnant women with a surgical or sonographic diagnosis of endometriosis made prior to conception were invited to participate in the study, of whom 24 were recruited. Of those, 13 women with non‐ovarian endometriosis who attended the postpartum examination were included. In 7/13 (54%) cases, the lesion(s) were decidualized. In 4/7 (57%) women with decidualized lesion(s), the size of the largest lesion increased during pregnancy, while in 3/7 (43%), the size was unchanged. The size of non‐decidualized lesions did not change during pregnancy. On postpartum examination, only seven lesions were observed, of which three were formerly decidualized and four were formerly non‐decidualized. Lesions that were detected after delivery appeared as typical endometriotic nodules and were smaller compared with during pregnancy. The difference in maximum diameter between the gravid and postpartum states was statistically significant in decidualized lesions (P < 0.01), but not in non‐decidualized lesions (P = 0.09). The reduction in mean diameter was greater in decidualized compared with non‐decidualized lesions (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Decidualization was observed in 54% of women with non‐ovarian endometriotic lesion(s) and resolved after delivery. Our findings suggest that the sonographic features of decidualization, which might mimic malignancy, are pregnancy‐related and that expectant management and careful monitoring should be applied in these cases. Clinicians should be aware of the changes observed during pregnancy to avoid misdiagnosing decidualized lesions as malignancy and performing unnecessary surgery. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the primitive neuroectodermal tumour in lumbosacral spinal cord in a cat
Authors: Itoi Takamasa , Kutara Kenji , Mitsui Ikki , Akashi Natsuki , Kanda Teppei , Sugimoto Keisuke , Shimizu Yuki , Yamazoe Kazuaki
Published: September 2023

A 5‐year‐old, castrated, male domestic short‐haired cat presented with neurological deficits in the pelvic limbs, back pain and dysuria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass lesion caudal to the L4 vertebrae. In addition, suspected haemorrhage was observed at the cranial aspect of the mass. There was no evidence to support the presence of extravertebral intrusion or vertebral body, osteolysis. Dorsal laminectomy and durotomy were performed to debulk the intraspinal mass. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment revealed a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the clinical and pathological features and imaging diagnosis of intraspinal PNET without extraspinal invasion in a cat.
Mesoscale cyclonic storms associated with tornadoes and localised wind damage in frontal rainbands
Authors: Clark M. R.
Published: September 2023

Ten cases are identified of an unusual type of mesoscale windstorm in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2021. The windstorms, which occurred in association with frontal rainbands, produced wind damage swaths no more than 20–30km wide, but sometimes extending for several hundred kilometres, often with embedded tornadoes. Storm structure and evolution are explored for two cases using radar data, surface observations, a 1.5‐km gridlength model and damage reports obtained from social media platforms and post‐event damage surveys. Findings are summarised in the form of a conceptual model, and some questions are posed for future research.
Assessment of learning in simulator‐based arthroscopy training with the diagnostic arthroscopy skill score (DASS) and neurophysiological measures
Authors: Aksoy Mehmet Emin , Kocaoglu Baris , İzzetoglu Kurtulus , Agrali Atahan , Yoner Serhat Ilgaz , Polat Mert Deniz , Kayaalp Mahmut Enes , Yozgatli Tahir Koray , Kaya Alper , Becker Roland
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Virtual arthroscopic training has become increasingly popular. However, there is a lack of efficiency‐based tracking of the trainee, which may be critical for determining the specifics of training programs and adapting them for the needs of each trainee. This study aims to evaluate and compare the measures obtained with a non‐invasive neurophysiological method with The Diagnostic Arthroscopy Skill Score (DASS), a commonly used assessment tool for evaluating arthroscopic skills.

Methods

The study collected simulator performance scores, consisting of “Triangulation Right Hand”, “Triangulation Left Hand”, “Catch the Stars” and “Three Rings” and DASS scores from 22 participants (11 novices, 11 experts). These scores were obtained while participants underwent a structured program of exercises for the fundamentals of arthroscopic surgery training (FAST) and knee module using a simulator‐based arthroscopy device. During the evaluation, data on oxy‐hemoglobin and deoxy‐hemoglobin levels in the prefrontal cortex were collected using the Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging system. Performance scores, DASS scores, and fNIRS data were subsequently analyzed to determine any correlation between performance and cortex activity.

Results

The simulator performance scores and the DASSPart2 scores were significantly higher in the expert group compared to the novice group (200.1 ± 28.5 vs 172.5 ± 48.9, p = 0.04 and 9.4 ± 5.6 vs. 5.4 ± 5.6 p = 0.02). In the expert group, fNIRS data showed a significantly lower prefrontal cortex activation during fundamental tasks in the FAST module, indicating significantly more efficient mental resource use.

Conclusion

The analysis of cognitive workload changes during simulation‐based arthroscopy training revealed a significant correlation between the trainees’ DASS scores and fNIRS data. This correlation suggests the potential use of fNIRS data and DASS scores as additional metrics to create adaptive training protocols for each participant. By incorporating these metrics, the training process can be optimized, leading to more efficient arthroscopic training and better preparedness for clinical operations.

Level of evidence

III.
Characterization and description of Gabonibacter chumensis sp. nov., isolated from feces of a patient with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Diop Khoudia , Pidgeon Reilly , Diop Awa , Benlaïfaoui Myriam , Belkaid Wiam , Malo Julie , Bernet Eve , Veyrier Frederic , Jacq Maxime , Brun Yves , Elkrief Arielle , Castagner Bastien , Routy Bertrand , Richard Corentin
Published: September 2023

A polyphasic taxonomic approach, incorporating analysis of phenotypic features, cellular fatty acid profiles, 16S rRNA gene sequences, and determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) plus digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), was applied to characterize an anaerobic bacterial strain designated KD22T isolated from human feces. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain KD22T was found to be most closely related to species of the genus Gabonibacter. At the 16S rRNA gene level, the closest species from the strain KD22T corresponded with Gabonibacter massiliensis GM7T, with a similarity of 97.58%. Cells of strain KD22T were Gram-negative coccobacillus, positive for indole and negative for catalase, nitrate reduction, oxidase, and urease activities. The fatty acid analysis demonstrated the presence of a high concentration of iso-C15: 0 (51.65%). Next, the complete whole-genome sequence of strain KD22T was 3,368,578 bp long with 42 mol% of DNA G + C contents. The DDH and ANI values between KD22T and type strains of phylogenetically related species were 67.40% and 95.43%, respectively. These phylogenetic, phenotypic, and genomic results supported the affiliation of strain KD22T as a novel bacterial species within the genus Gabonibacter. The proposed name is Gabonibacter chumensis and the type strain is KD22T (= CSUR Q8104T = DSM 115208 T).
Exterior Stability of Minkowski Space in Generalized Harmonic Gauge
Authors: Hintz Peter
Published: September 2023

We give a short proof of the existence of a small piece of null infinity for $$(3+1)$$

(
3
+
1
)

-dimensional spacetimes evolving from asymptotically flat initial data as solutions of the Einstein vacuum equations. We introduce a modification of the standard wave coordinate gauge in which all non-physical metric degrees of freedom have strong decay at null infinity. Using a formulation of the gauge-fixed Einstein vacuum equations which implements constraint damping, we establish this strong decay regardless of the validity of the constraint equations. On a technical level, we use notions from geometric singular analysis to give a streamlined proof of semiglobal existence for the relevant quasilinear hyperbolic equation.
Chemical composition, antioxidant profile and physicochemical properties of commercial non-cocoa- and cocoa-flavoured plant-based milk alternatives
Authors: Kasapidou Eleni , Basdagianni Zoitsa , Papatzimos Georgios , Papadopoulos Vasileios , Tsiftsi Ekaterini , Neki Irini , Nigianni Paraskevi-Anastasia , Mitlianga Paraskevi
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the popularity of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs). This work examined the nutritional value, antioxidant profile and physicochemical characteristics of commercial non-cocoa- and cocoa-flavoured PBMAs. The examined products were either nut or oat-based ones. In the absence of protein fortification, the products' protein content was found to be low. Fat content was also low, whereas carbohydrate and sugar contents were related to sugar addition. Oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were the primary unsaturated fatty acids. PBMAs have low Atherogenicity (AI) and Thrombogenicity (TI) indices and high hypocholesterolaemic:hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio (h/H). The antioxidant profile significantly differed (P < 0.001) between non-cocoa- and cocoa-flavoured PBMAs. The antioxidant profile of cocoa-flavoured PMBAs improved due to the polyphenols present in cocoa beans. The physicochemical characteristics of the analysed PBMAs demonstrated great versatility. The nutritional profile of PBMAs also showed considerable variability, influenced by factors, such as product type and ingredient formulation. Additionally, differences in the nutritional composition and physicochemical properties were observed between non-cocoa and cocoa-based PBMAs.
On a microlocal version of Young’s product theorem
Authors: Dappiaggi Claudio , Rinaldi Paolo , Sclavi Federico
Published: September 2023

A key result in distribution theory is Young’s product theorem which states that the product between two Hölder distributions $$u\in \mathcal {C}^\alpha (\mathbb {R}^d)$$

u
∈

C

α

(

R

d

)

and $$v\in \mathcal {C}^\beta (\mathbb {R}^d)$$

v
∈

C

β

(

R

d

)

can be unambiguously defined if $$\alpha +\beta >0$$

α
+
β
>
0

. We revisit the problem of multiplying two Hölder distributions from the viewpoint of microlocal analysis, using techniques proper of Sobolev wavefront set. This allows us to establish sufficient conditions which allow the multiplication of two Hölder distributions even when $$\alpha +\beta \le 0$$

α
+
β
≤
0

.
Targeting GD2 after allogeneic SCT: effector cell composition defines the optimal use of ch14.18 and the bispecific antibody construct NG-CU (GD2-CD3)
Authors: Arendt A.-M. , Heubach F. , Maier C. P. , Giardino S. , Jung G. , Kowalewski E. , Rabsteyn A. , Amorelli G. , Seitz C. , Schlegel P. , Handgretinger R. , Lang P.
Published: September 2023

We investigated whether T cell-recruiting bispecific anti-CD3/GD2 antibody NG-CU might be an alternative to therapeutic anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) ch14.18, mediating complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) through natural killer (NK) cells for immunotherapy in high-risk/relapsed neuroblastoma after autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation (auto/alloSCT). Different antibody concentrations and effector-to-target ratios (E:T) were evaluated using xCELLigence RTCA system, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (healthy donors and patients after alloSCT), and neuroblastoma cell lines (LS/LAN-1). Mean specific lysis of LS cells utilizing PBMCs from healthy donors and ch14.18 (1 µg/ml) was 40/66/75% after 12/24/48 h compared to 66/93/100% in the presence of NG-CU (100 ng/ml). NG-CU showed enhanced cytotoxicity compared to ch14.18, even at lower concentrations and E:T ratios, and completely eradicated LS cells after 72 h. To decipher the influence of effector cell subsets on lysis, different ratios of T and NK cells were tested. At a ratio of 1:1, ch14.18 was more effective than NG-CU. Using patient PBMCs taken at different time points posttransplant, significant lysis with both constructs was detectable depending on percentages and total numbers of T and NK cells; in the early posttransplant phase, NK cells were predominant and ch14.18 was superior, whereas later on, T cells represented the majority of immune cells and NG-CU was more effective. Our study highlights the importance of analyzing effector cell subsets in patients before initiating antibody-based therapy. Consequently, we propose an adjusted administration of both antibody constructs, considering the state of posttransplant immune recovery, to optimize anti-tumor activity.
Comparison of Cefazolin and Ceftriaxone as Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Pancreatoduodenectomy with Preoperative Drainage: Incidence of Surgical Site Infection and Susceptibility of Bacteria in Bile
Authors: Soma Taihei , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Kurai Hanako , Sugiura Teiichi , Ashida Ryo , Yamada Mihoko , Otsuka Shimpei , Notsu Akifumi , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: September 2023

Background

The optimal perioperative antimicrobial agent for preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) with preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) remains unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 288 patients who underwent PD after PBD between 2010 and 2020 at our institution. Patients were classified into two groups according to the perioperative antimicrobial agent used (cefazoline [CEZ] group [n = 108] and ceftriaxone [CTRX] group [n = 180]). The incidence of SSI, type of bacteria in intraoperative bile culture (IBC), and antimicrobial susceptibility to prophylactic antimicrobial agents were analyzed.

Results

The incidence of incisional SSI was significantly lower in the CTRX group than in the CEZ group (18% vs. 31%, P = 0.021), whereas the incidence of organ/space SSI in the two groups did not differ to a statistically significant extent (35% vs. 44%, P = 0.133). Gram‐negative rod (GNR) bacteria in the IBC showed better antimicrobial susceptibility in the CTRX group than in the CEZ group. In multivariate analysis, antimicrobial resistance due to GNR was a significant risk factor for incisional SSI (odds ratio, 3.50; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

CTRX had better antimicrobial coverage than CEZ for GNR cultured from intraoperative bile samples. In addition, CTRX provides better antimicrobial prophylaxis than CEZ against superficial SSI in patients with PD after PBD.

Trial registration number

This study was not a clinical trial and had no registration numbers.
Diagnostic accuracy of a large language model in rheumatology: comparison of physician and ChatGPT-4
Authors: Krusche Martin , Callhoff Johnna , Knitza Johannes , Ruffer Nikolas
Published: September 2023

Pre-clinical studies suggest that large language models (i.e., ChatGPT) could be used in the diagnostic process to distinguish inflammatory rheumatic (IRD) from other diseases. We therefore aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT-4 in comparison to rheumatologists. For the analysis, the data set of Gräf et al. (2022) was used. Previous patient assessments were analyzed using ChatGPT-4 and compared to rheumatologists’ assessments. ChatGPT-4 listed the correct diagnosis comparable often to rheumatologists as the top diagnosis 35% vs 39% (p = 0.30); as well as among the top 3 diagnoses, 60% vs 55%, (p = 0.38). In IRD-positive cases, ChatGPT-4 provided the top diagnosis in 71% vs 62% in the rheumatologists’ analysis. Correct diagnosis was among the top 3 in 86% (ChatGPT-4) vs 74% (rheumatologists). In non-IRD cases, ChatGPT-4 provided the correct top diagnosis in 15% vs 27% in the rheumatologists’ analysis. Correct diagnosis was among the top 3 in non-IRD cases in 46% of the ChatGPT-4 group vs 45% in the rheumatologists group. If only the first suggestion for diagnosis was considered, ChatGPT-4 correctly classified 58% of cases as IRD compared to 56% of the rheumatologists (p = 0.52). ChatGPT-4 showed a slightly higher accuracy for the top 3 overall diagnoses compared to rheumatologist’s assessment. ChatGPT-4 was able to provide the correct differential diagnosis in a relevant number of cases and achieved better sensitivity to detect IRDs than rheumatologist, at the cost of lower specificity. The pilot results highlight the potential of this new technology as a triage tool for the diagnosis of IRD.
Effect of dissolved iron (II) and temperature on growth of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton species Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Phaeocystis antarctica
Authors: Aflenzer Helene , Hoffmann Linn , Holmes Thomas , Wuttig Kathrin , Genovese Cristina , Bowie Andrew Ross
Published: September 2023

Low bioavailability of the vital element iron (Fe) limits primary production in large regions of the Southern Ocean, thus impacting phytoplankton community structures. Primary productivity seems to be particularly sensitive to the reduced form of iron (Fe(II)), which is thought to be the most readily bioavailable redox form of Fe in the ocean. Here, we investigated the impact of temperature (3 °C, 5 °C and 7 °C) and Fe(II) additions (+ 5 nM) on growth of two Southern Ocean phytoplankton species Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Phaeocystis antarctica in coastal and open ocean water. At all tested temperatures, growth rates of P. antarctica were significantly higher with added iron, compared to the treatments without added iron in both waters. Temperature only had a significant effect on the growth rate of this species when it was raised to 7 °C in all treatments. For F. cylindrus, growth rates only significantly increased with iron addition at 7 °C in both water types. Temperature did not affect the growth rate of F. cylindrus except for a significant reduction without iron addition at 7 °C in coastal water. These results highlight the complex interactions between Fe bioavailability and temperature on Southern Ocean phytoplankton growth. Thus, certain Southern Ocean phytoplankton species may have higher growth rates in regions of the ocean that will warm the most and possibly experience greater Fe supply under future climate conditions, such as coastal regions. This may result in changes in phytoplankton community structures with implications for carbon sequestration efficiency under future climate conditions.