bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bit-rate aware effective inter-layer motion prediction using multi-loop encoding structure
Authors: Siddaramappa Sandeep Gowdra , Mamatha Gowdra Shivanandappa
Published: October 2024

Recently, there has been a notable increase in the use of video content on the internet, leading for the creation of improved codecs like versatile-video-coding (VVC) and high-efficiency video-coding (HEVC). It is important to note that these video coding techniques continue to demonstrate quality degradation and the presence of noise throughout the decoded frames. A number of deep-learning (DL) algorithm-based network structures have been developed by experts to tackle this problem; nevertheless, because many of these solutions use in-loop filtration, extra bits must be sent among the encoding and decoding layers. Moreover, because they used fewer reference frames, they were unable to extract significant features by taking advantage from the temporal connection between frames. Hence, this paper introduces inter-layer motion prediction aware multi-loop video coding (ILMPA-MLVC) techniques. The ILMPA-MLVC first designs an multi-loop adaptive encoder (MLAE) architecture to enhance inter-layer motion prediction and optimization process; second, this work designs multi-loop probabilistic-bitrate aware compression (MLPBAC) model to attain improved bitrate efficiency with minimal overhead; the training of ILMPA-MLVC is done through novel distortion loss function using UVG dataset; the result shows the proposed ILMPA-MLVC attain improved peak-singal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) performance in comparison with existing video coding techniques.
EMSPLA for accurate feature molecular extraction from protein-ligand interactions
Authors: Kulkarni V Srinidhi , Dhandapani Ganesh , Ramesh Kureeckal V.
Published: October 2024

Protein-ligand interactions are fundamental in various biological and medical fields, influencing drug discovery and therapeutic development. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has revolutionized the study of these interactions, but significant challenges remain in accurately representing molecular structures for DL models. Traditional featurization techniques often depend on handcrafted features, requiring expert knowledge and potentially missing crucial molecular aspects. This work addresses these challenges by developing and evaluating a novel protein-ligand feature extraction system using an enhanced molecular similarity protein-ligand aligner (EMSPLA). The primary objective is to leverage EMSPLA for similarity matching in protein-ligand interactions, improving predictive model accuracy. The methodology combines convolutional neural networks (CNN) for local feature extraction with an attention module to capture long-distance dependencies, enhancing binding site predictions. Using the PDBbind v.2020 dataset, the EMSPLA model demonstrated superior performance with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.67, surpassing current state-of-the-art models. These findings highlight the system’s potential for efficient deployment and scalability, positioning it as a powerful tool in computational biology and drug discovery, ultimately advancing our understanding of protein-ligand interactions.
Bibliometric analysis of model vehicle routing problem in logistics delivery
Authors: Zuhanda Muhammad Khahfi , Hartono Hartono , Sidik Hasibuan Samsul Abdul Rahman , Abdullah Dahlan , Gio Prana Ugiana , Caraka Rezzy Eko
Published: October 2024

This bibliometric analysis focuses on the vehicle routing problem (VRP) model in the field of logistics delivery. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset of 2,000 VRP-related publications obtained from the Scopus database, spanning the years 2007 to 2023. Through the application of bibliometric methods, this research aims to uncover key insights regarding research trends, country contributions, and recent topics within the VRP research network. Various bibliometric indicators, including publication count, author productivity, relevant sources, institutional affiliation, and citation frequency, are employed to conduct the analysis. The findings shed light on the evolution and trajectory of VRP research, while also highlighting noteworthy countries and topics that have received significant attention. This study not only enhances the overall understanding of VRP but also serves as a foundation for future investigations aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics delivery.
Innovative virtual reality solutions for technical training in heavy construction equipment repair and maintenance
Authors: Istiono Wirawan , Wira Pratama Andhika Nugraha
Published: October 2024

The construction industry is significantly impacted by heavy construction equipment, including bulldozers, excavators, and vehicles. This equipment speeds up building, moves supplies, and builds infrastructure. Using heavy construction equipment correctly can boost productivity and shorten project timelines. Due to their complexity and scale, this equipment must be maintained and repaired. Poor maintenance and repair of heavy construction equipment can reduce performance, damage, and even cause accidents. Due to these problems, this study focuses on the design and development of a simulation training application to enhance the technical skills of workers in maintaining and repairing heavy construction equipment using virtual reality (VR) technology, the development of this application will be carried out using Unreal Engine 5 and thereafter tested and implemented at PT Menara Indonesia or M-Knows Consulting, Indonesia. At the end of this study, the design and development of a VR training simulation application for heavy equipment repair has been successfully completed. After testing the VR application and conducting user acceptance tests, it was concluded that the created VR application greatly assists M-Knows Consulting in training workers to perform maintenance and repair on heavy equipment, with a user acceptance rate of 84%.
An efficient method for privacy protection in big data analytics using oppositional fruit fly algorithm
Authors: Kiran Ajmeera , Elseed Ahmed Alwalid Bashier Gism , Khan Mudassir , Babu J. Chinna , Kumar B. P. Santosh
Published: October 2024

This work employs anonymization techniques to safeguard privacy. Data plays a vital role in corporate decision-making in the current information-centric landscape. Various sectors, like banking and healthcare, gather confidential information on a daily basis. This information is disseminated by multiple sources through numerous methods. Securing sensitive data is of paramount importance for any data mining application. This study safeguarded confidential information using an anonymization technique. Several machine learning methodologies have a deficiency in accuracy. The study seeks to generate superior and more precise results compared to alternative methodologies. For large datasets, numerous solutions exhibit increased time complexity and memory use. For huge datasets, numerous solutions require more time and memory. The enhanced fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm surpasses existing approaches in terms of both accuracy and information preservation. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of data anonymization utilizing the oppositional fruit fly approach, a technique that enhances privacy. The clustering method being presented utilizes an enhanced version of the FCM algorithm. The secrecy of the recommended oppositional fruit fly algorithm is effective. The comparison demonstrated that the proposed research enhanced both accuracy and privacy in comparison to two existing methods. The existing strategy outperforms data anonymization-based privacy preservation by 82.17%, while the suggested method surpasses it by 94.17%.
Unravelling the “Ethos of Change” in African Urban Margins: Institutions, Stigmas, Experiences
Authors: Badurdeen Fathima A. , Lanne Jean-Baptiste , Ndenyele Wilson O. , Pommerolle Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: October 2024

How are desirable futures conceived in the African urban margins? What trajectories do individuals use to get there? And who decides what constitutes a desirable future? This special issue proposes the “ethos of change” as an analytical concept to better understand how urban margins in Africa shape specific lives and, in particular, aspirations for change. “Ethos of change” is a broad set of embodied norms, (self) narratives, and routine practices driving the trajectory of personal change to escape an initial self and environment that are both internalised as unsatisfactory and dishonourable. Based on case studies from Kenya, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso, analyses in this special issue focus on how individuals construct their experiences of violence, (de)radicalisation, displacement, and the intervention of large-scale state programmes. This introductory article offers an institutional framework for comprehending the other articles that constitute the special issue and summarises their contents. Additionally, it assesses how the special issue’s contribution advances our understanding of how to reconsider Africa’s urban margins as spaces for the production of difference, where individuals appropriate the idea of change with its modalities amidst multiple facets of stigma and symbolic violence in African urban margins.
Keep Calm and Digitize Everything
Authors: Martellos Stefano , Seggi Linda
Published: October 2024

Accessibility and interoperability of biodiversity data are pivotal for research. Thus, the mobilization of natural history specimens data should be a priority task, which could be addressed by mean of digitization. Digital specimen are for a wealth of different uses, ranging from taxonomy to benefit sharing, and—if data are properly standardized—are highly interoperable. However, of the ca. 1.5–3 billion specimens estimated otherwise exist, ca. 233 million only are available in the digital domain, since digitization is an highly demanding effort, in terms of time, personnel, and fundings. On the other hand, digitization is also a rewarding effort, especially when data are mobilized and made interoperable in major global repositories, as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. This contribution aims at depicting the role and effect of digitization of natural history collections, and the result of digitization efforts in Europe and in Italy in the last three decades.
Mobilising Historical Botanical Data as Research
Authors: Pickering Victoria
Published: October 2024

The ‘Vegetable Substances’ collection consists of 8,811 surviving botanical objects and a manuscript catalogue that contains over 12,700 handwritten descriptions of the contents of these boxes, according to the collector, Hans Sloane (1660–1752). This pre-Linnean collection forms part of the founding botanical collection of the Natural History Museum in London, and currently sits at the top of the Darwin Centre. The process of transforming this physical historical collection into something digital began over a decade ago and this focus piece reflects on this digital practice to date. It describes the different stages of creating a public-facing digital resource, and how this practice of mobilising data functions as research.
Historicising 3D Data
Authors: Wils Patricia , Bellato Marta , Beltrame Tiziana N.
Published: October 2024

This article traces the journey that the AST-RX platform has taken with some insects from the study collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris to transform them into digital avatars. These avatars appear in their singularity, even in a digital environment. This transition takes place between environments with different textures, densities, contrasts and volumes, which stage very concrete operations: glances and touches adjust the production of data with specific technologies in order to create 3D models using X-ray tomography, dedicated to the analysis of the internal structure of the specimens. The preliminary preparation of the specimen is part of this process of data production, which highlights the complexity of the materiality of specimen conservation, in addition to their physical characteristics. Describing this process is crucial for integrating the creation of the digital avatar into the history of the specimen.
A Langur from Sumatra
Authors: Weber Andreas , Turnhout Esther
Published: October 2024

Researchers interested in the colonial provenance of European natural history collections find themselves currently in an ambiguous position. On one hand, there is a fast-growing amount of digital services that provide them with statistics, names and lists of objects that have been accumulated in former colonial areas and are now stored in natural history museums in the Global North. On the other hand, these digital collection services fail to provide researchers with archival information on historical collection contexts, local names and meanings of animals and plants, and the labour, knowledges, colonial infrastructure and (epistemic) violence that were necessary to move tens of millions of natural objects across the globe. By zooming in on the digital representation of a black-crested Sumatran langur collected on the island of Sumatra (Indonesia) in the 1830s, this short paper reflects on the impact of these data absences on the further development of large-scale data infrastructures in the field. Inspired by earlier problematization of the digital turn in collection-based biodiversity sciences, this paper argues for the more sustained use of archival evidence so as to rethink what it means to infrastructure ‘biodiversity heritage’ collections in a digital age.
The e-COL+ Project, an Opportunity to Reflect on the Concept of Digital Twin
Authors: Provini Pauline , Blettery Jonathan , Brabant Delphine , Bellugeon Franck , Perez Pimparé Eva , Leblanc Killian , Monvoisin Evariste , Robert Emmanuel , Fara Emmanuel , Gagnier Pierre-Yves
Published: October 2024

The mass digitization efforts associated with the e-COL+ project, focusing on French natural history collections, provide an invaluable opportunity to reassess the need to build a comprehensive 3D digital collection to complement existing 2D digital repositories. This article explores the importance of incorporating 3D data into digital collections, highlighting its significant impact on scientific research, conservation efforts, and public outreach campaigns. Although the e-COL+ project faces practical obstacles related to digitization, it also raises important theoretical questions about the complex interplay between physical and digital objects. Here, we challenge the concepts of digital clone and digital twin that are commonly used in the construction of digital collections. The digital twin concept more accurately captures the intricate and adaptive connection between physical and digital entities that results from the precise digitization techniques used and the evolving characteristics of the specimens found in natural history collections.
A “Mastery Unapproached”
Authors: Markert Michael
Published: October 2024

An almost ideal context for a case study on the development, use, and reception of multimodal material educational settings can be found in the works of Göttingen physicist Robert Wichard Pohl (1884–1976). From 1919 on, Pohl created an educational programme for introductory lectures on experimental physics, in which he demonstrated fundamental concepts and phenomena using simple yet meaningful experiments that were projected on the front wall of the lecture hall. With his teaching aids, technical infrastructure, and textbook, Pohl changed the teaching of physics at schools and universities in Germany and beyond. Pohl’s original devices are still part of the teaching collection used during introductory physics lectures. I will argue that teaching collections, as the material foundations for such “regimes of practices,” should be treated not as passive archives of objects but as dynamic, complex environments that allow new insights into the history of science teaching.
Object-Based Learning and Teaching
Authors: Bers Christiana
Published: October 2024

How can academic collections be used in academic teaching and learning? Which learning goals can be associated with them and how can the learning situation be structured? This article sheds light on these questions by using concrete examples. First—as an introduction to the topic—object-based learning will be situated between innovation and tradition. Then, some elementary thoughts on the specifics of learning and teaching with objects will be discussed. These considerations are followed by didactic reflections on the topic of vividness, learning goals and types of knowledge. Based on this, an analysis of possible learning situations with objects in different learning settings and with different learning goals is presented, exemplified by a collection of the University of Göttingen, which is briefly introduced before the analysis.
Mapping a Mobile and Embodied Grief: Adaptable and Portable Mourning Practices in A young Yu’s Mourning Rituals
Authors: Dethloff Maggie
Published: October 2024

This article discusses A young Yu’s single-channel video artwork Mourning Rituals (2022) and the way it examines loss across personal, ancestral, historical, and geographical registers and suggests that mourning rituals in our contemporary world must be adaptable and portable. A 22-minute performance-based work, Mourning Rituals reimagines the Korean ssitkimgut ritual, during which the spirits of the deceased are cleansed and guided into the afterlife, reinterpreting and regenerating it for contemporary, diasporic contexts. Considering mourning as an embodied practice, Yu maps grief and mourning across four locations with personal and political significance. Interweaving scenes from these filming locations throughout the looped, non-linear video allows the work to also reflect the complex ways grief and mourning unfold over time.
The Role of Trans Pinay Voices in the Case of Jennifer Laude vs. US Imperialism
Authors: Dumapias Myra S.
Published: October 2024

PJ Raval’s Call Her Ganda (2018) tells the story of Jennifer Laude, a trans woman who was murdered by a United States (US) Marine and whose conviction was minimized by the Visiting Forces Agreement. The film contextualizes Jennifer Laude’s story with the history of US imperialism in the Philippines and the impact of the US military bases on the local communities and economies surrounding them. The structure of the film is Babaylan-informed, centering women, especially trans women in the movement for justice for Jennifer Laude. In so doing, the audience is presented with a pathway for how to seek justice for violence against trans women in neocolonial Philippines: by centering trans women, who live in the intersections of social, economic, and political vulnerabilities in the movement. This pathway is a process of decolonization for Filipinos in the Philippines and in the global diaspora.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) do not bioaccumulate ferulic and caffeic acids from wheat bran
Authors: Papin M. , Morand-Laffargue L. , Sabran C. , Sabatier D. , Sefah A. , Engel E. , Planche C. , Borel P.
Published: October 2024

As recently shown, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are capable of bioaccumulating high concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids, but the potential bioaccumulation of polyphenols remains unknown. Wheat bran (WB), a common breeding substrate for BSFL, is particularly rich in ferulic acid (FA) and also contains caffeic acid (CA). Numerous studies suggest that these polyphenols have beneficial effects on human and animal health. BSFL ability to bioaccumulate these bioactive compounds was assessed by comparing their concentration in WB and BSFL raised on WB. The three forms of FA and CA, i.e. free, soluble-bound and insoluble-bound, were extracted from WB and BSFL and quantified by HPLC-UV. No form of CA was detected in BSFL. The three forms of FA were detected but the total FA concentration in BSFL (17 ± 1 mg/kg fresh weight) represented only 2% of the total FA concentration measured in WB (810 ± 38 mg/kg fresh weight). Since the larvae were not fasted, another experiment was carried out to find out if the small amount of FA found in the larvae was the FA contained in WB present in their digestive tract. The digestive tracts of fasted and non-fasted larvae at the end of the rearing period were weighted. And it was calculated that all the FA measured in the larvae could be the FA present in their digestive tract. Moreover, the distribution of the three different forms of FA differed between WB and BSFL. Therefore, we have demonstrated that not only BSFL do not significantly bioaccumulate FA from WB but that they apparently metabolize it. Regarding CA as a precursor of FA, the same phenomenon might have happened. However, assuming an equivalent bioaccumulation factor as FA, the amounts of CA theoretically transferred in larvae were too low to be detected.
Dissent and Posthuman Consciousness in Prabda Yoon’s Basement Moon
Authors: Pissa-ard Isaraporn
Published: October 2024

This paper examines Thai author Prabda Yoon’s Basement Moon, a 2018 science fictional novel that embodies the belief that art and science can play a vital role in triggering critical consciousness that keeps alive the spirit of dissent. A close reading of the novel also reveals that it mirrors several key concepts and ideas promoted by Gramsci pertaining to power relations between the ruling class and those under them and the educational roles of art and science. Of great significance is that this novel is exemplary of an innovative mode of political fiction in its employment of key posthumanist ideas that challenge human aspiration for absolute power and control. In discussing Basement Moon, I draw on Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony as well as relevant literature in dystopia, posthumanism and metafiction.
Mia Farang on YouTube: (Re)defining Thai Womanhood in the Network Society
Authors: Singpliam Porranee , Kirdnark Treepon
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the notion of mia farang amid the covid-19 pandemic. An analysis of mia farang YouTubers during this time reveals essential characteristics of the gendered and sexualized trope. Through Barker and Kuiper’s (2014) lens on the globalization process, we postulate that women’s voices during the peak of covid-19 became more political, namely with regard to their quality of life compared to that in Thailand. Further, we argue that our textual analysis on three mia farang YouTubers (Yai Nee, Yai Nang, and Yai Chompoo) shows how the space of flows is a possible site for political criticism and negotiation towards their sexualized, gendered, and ethnic selves. Next, we argue that stereotypical elements of mia farang become much more complex by both challenging and reifying the tropes. Lastly, we emphasize Castells’ (1999) notion of the space of flows still dominated by structure of the capitalist society as endorsed by the economy of YouTube.
The Impact of Inter-Basin Water Transfer between Johor and Singapore on Johor’s Water Supply System, 1927 to 1941
Authors: Abdullah Mohd Firdaus , Padzil Ruhana , Noor Arba’iyah Mohd , Nordin Mardiana
Published: October 2024

Inter-basin water transfer between Johor and Singapore from 1927 to 1941 had a significant impact on Johor’s water supply system. This study aims to assess the consequences of this transfer and provide a contemporary perspective on its implications. Existing research on inter-basin transfers and their impact on water systems between Singapore and Johor is abundant, but there is a notable lack of research specifically addressing Johor’s water system during this time. By examining the historical context and socio-economic dynamics that shaped the inter-basin transfer, this study aims to contribute a unique perspective to the existing body of knowledge. The findings will enhance our understanding of the impacts of inter-basin water transfers and provide valuable insights for water resource management in the region. It also contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the impact of such transfers on contemporary water scarcity issues and provides practical insights for sustainable water resource management globally.
Post-colonial Relations of Britain with India and Pakistan, 1947–71
Authors: Lepe Sabina Nargis
Published: October 2024

The decolonization process of Britain in India was completed with the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. Because of the long colonial history in that area, it was natural that creating bilateral relations between Britain and the two former colonized parties (India and Pakistan) would be challenging and not free of issues. Furthermore, the two colonized parties were in a bitter relationship with each other. The major concern of this paper is to present the post-colonial bilateral relations of Britain with each country, India and Pakistan, between 1947 and 1971. It argues that multiple factors led Britain to maintain a balanced relationship with its former colony. These are: 1) British trade interests, 2) cold war relations, 3) wars between India and Pakistan, 4) Commonwealth issues, and above all, 5) British national interests in that region.
The Acquisition of Passives by Thai Preschoolers
Authors: Indrambarya Kitima
Published: October 2024

This study investigates how pre-school Thai children comprehend Thai short and long passives with adversative and non-adversative and action and psychological verbs. The results show that preschool children did not comprehend passives well, primarily because of the thematic role reversal in the subjects of passives and actives. Action verbs are acquired earlier and better than psychological verbs. Unlike previous studies of other languages, Thai children comprehend long passives better than short passives with most verb types.
New Combination in the Genus Parvacinocoris (Heteroptera: Largidae), with Description of the Male of P. podalicus (Brailovsky)
Authors: MELO MARÍA CECILIA , DELLAPÉ PABLO MATÍAS
Published: October 2024

The species Acinocoris podalicus Brailovsky is transferred to the genus Parvacinocoris Melo and Dellapé, P. podalicus, new combination. Illustrations of the general morphology and male genitalia, a description of the male, and a key to the species of Parvacinocoris are given as well.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Crumb Rubber on Temperature Susceptibility of Asphalt for Railway Application in the Tropics
Authors: Apeh Samuel , Adeyeri Joseph , Amu Olugbenga
Published: October 2024

The granular sub-ballast in conventional ballasted trackbed structure, though cheap and easy to construct, requires frequent maintenance, and cannot protect the subgrade against water infiltration. However, asphaltic sub-ballast in asphalt-ballast trackbed can reduce stress on the subgrade and provide a waterproofing layer against water infiltration. Asphalt binder is however, susceptible to temperature fluctuations. The aim of this study therefore is to investigate whether the addition of crumb rubber to asphalt binder could reduce the susceptibility of asphalt to temperature, and thus, improve its performance. The main objective of this research is the addition of four different ratios of crumb rubber; 1, 2, 3, and 4%, of size 0.3 mm to bitumen or asphalt 60/70 grade. The results showed that penetration of the asphalt binder reduced from 66.70 to 59.20 mm at 4% rubber content, implying that the modified asphalt became harder with addition of crumb rubber and thus, can withstand temperatures variations in asphaltic pavements. Softening point, used to test temperature susceptibility of bitumen, increased from 49.10°C to 52.80°C at 4% crumb rubber content, implying that crumb rubber modified asphalt can withstand elevated temperatures in asphaltic pavements, in the tropics. Flashpoint increased from 295.20 to 296.12°C, fire point also increased from 306.50°C to 308.28°C, Specific gravity of the unmodified and crumb rubber-modified asphalt did not change significantly because crumb rubber is not very flammable, Viscosity at 135°C increased from 338.00 to 360.00 cSt at crumb rubber content of 4%, Ductility at 25°C reduced from 122.40 cm to 79.40 cm at 4% crumb rubber content, implying that crumb rubber made asphalt stiffer. This study concludes that crumb rubber can reduce the susceptibility of asphalt to temperature changes.
Building the Foundation: Towards a Theoretical Framework for Forensic Accounting
Authors: Vutumu Aloysius
Published: October 2024

This study proposed a forensic accounting theory after examining how the impact of certain variables and their interplay on forensic accounting practices can contribute to developing integrated and robust fraud prevention strategies, enhance organizational accountability, and strengthen the overall integrity of financial and internal control systems. In literature, most studies on forensic accounting and fraud prevention have primarily focused on broader aspects such as governance, ethics, and accountability and are largely predicated on theories such as fraud diamond theory and agency theory that seek to understand the causes of fraud, highlighting the importance of forensic accounting in fraud prevention and detection, without suggesting practical forensic accounting frameworks. Also, the forensic accounting theory developed by Peterson Ozil in 2020 examines how the investigator’s attitude or mindset at the time of decision-making influences the outcomes of a forensic investigation. While these studies provide valuable insights into the overall context of fraud prevention, there is a scarcity of research on the specific forensic accounting processes that should be implemented to enhance the effectiveness of fraud prevention measures. This is the significant difference between the current study and previous studies. Therefore, the proposed Vutumu Forensic Accounting Theory serves as the guiding philosophy that underpins the integrated approach of combining control system reliance, litigation support, whistleblower hotlines, sustainable governance systems, ethical philosophy, digital fraud review frequencies, accounting record to reporting quality, and the frequency of system reviews, thereby enabling organizations to establish a proactive framework that addresses various dimensions of fraud prevention and detection. The implementation of the theory emerges as a formidable and comprehensive anti-fraud strategy, seamlessly integrating multiple elements to create a robust defense against fraudulent activities, safeguarding financial integrity, ethical conduct, and accountability within organizations. Furthermore, it is the researcher’s desire that this study serve as a foundation for further research and practical implementation of forensic accounting frameworks in strengthening the ability to detect and prevent fraud.
Revisiting the Inconsistent Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Richter Ingo , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki , Kosaka Yu , Tokinaga Hiroki , Chang Ping
Published: October 2024

The impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the equatorial Atlantic zonal mode (AZM) is investigated using two atmospheric reanalysis products and 44 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). While the impact of ENSO on equatorial Atlantic SST is inconsistent, as previously reported, there is a very robust influence of decaying ENSO events in boreal spring on the contemporaneous surface zonal winds over the equatorial Atlantic, with El Niño events associated with anomalous easterlies that cool the equatorial Atlantic. This dynamic impact is counteracted by a thermodynamic impact, in which El Niño events cause changes in surface heat fluxes that lead to warming over the tropical Atlantic. The thermodynamic influence is active throughout the life cycle of the ENSO event, but the dynamic influence is highly seasonal with a pronounced peak in boreal spring. Thus, a quickly decaying El Niño event will lead to warming, while a slowly decaying event will lead to cooling in the equatorial Atlantic. The ENSO–AZM relation is further complicated by partially independent Atlantic variability, in particular that associated with the South Atlantic subtropical dipole (SASD). Prediction experiments with a simple linear regression model support the role of the SASD as an AZM precursor. Many CMIP6 models show skillful predictions of the June–August AZM based on SST indices in the preceding December–February, with correlations above 0.5. When predictions are restricted to ENSO years, even more models exceed this threshold, but skill in the reanalyses remains relatively low, possibly due to insufficient training data.

Significance Statement

El Niño is the strongest climate signal on interannual time scales. Its influence on the equatorial Atlantic, however, is surprisingly inconsistent. Here, we show, using an ensemble of climate models and observation-based data, that El Niño has a very robust influence on equatorial Atlantic surface winds, but only in boreal spring. This leads to a large difference in how El Niño events influence the equatorial Atlantic, based on how quickly they decay in boreal spring. We also find that variability in the South Atlantic, which is partly independent of El Niño, has a strong influence on the equatorial Atlantic, supporting the result of previous studies. These findings suggest that the predictability of equatorial Atlantic temperature anomalies may be higher than previously thought.
How Sexism in Institutions and Everyday Interactions Shapes Early Childbearing
Authors: Su Jessica Houston , Musick Kelly
Published: October 2024

Early childbearing is associated with poor outcomes for parents and children, potentially exacerbating inequality within and across generations. Building on the structural sexism and health perspective, we argue that systemic gender inequality is a conceptually important—and understudied—factor in early childbearing. Using survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 5,052 female respondents and 32,595 person-years) merged to state, county, and school characteristics, we investigate how exposure to structural sexism during adolescence shapes early childbearing. We measure structural sexism in institutional domains with state and county-level measures of economic, cultural, and reproductive health. We also generate a novel measure of structural sexism in interactional domains, capturing gendered expectations, power dynamics, and conservative religious beliefs among school peers. We find that institutional sexism is associated with a higher likelihood of early childbearing among young women racialized as Black, but not among those racialized as White. Interactional sexism is also a significant predictor of early childbearing, and is especially salient for adolescents as they turn to peers for social cues about gender roles. Our results underscore the importance of institutional and interactional forces for shaping families and raise questions about increasingly polarized gender climates post- Dobbs.
Perceptions of Correctional Officer Procedural Justice, Low Self-Control, and Institutional Misconduct Among People in Prison
Authors: Baker Thomas , van Hall Matthias , Ray James V. , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja J. E.
Published: October 2024

Using data from the Prison Project, a nationwide study of individuals entering pre-trial detention ( N = 1,609) in the Netherlands, the study examines the associations among self-control (e.g., acting on impulse, lack of forethought, inability to concentrate), perceptions of procedural justice (i.e., people in prison’s perceptions of their treatment by prison staff), and prison misconduct (e.g., being aggressive toward prison staff and/or other people incarcerated in prison). Results show that low self-control is positively associated with prison misconduct while perceptions of procedural justice are negatively associated with misconduct. The effect of procedural justice on prison misconduct does not significantly differ across levels of self-control. The study contributes to the limited literature on self-control theory and procedural justice within corrections.
Oral Histories of Social, Cultural, and Environmental Changes in Saudi Arabia Before and After Saudi Aramco
Authors: Strachan Laura M. , Winkel Carmen
Published: October 2024

Saudi Aramco’s influence upon the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cannot be overstated. After the discovery of oil in 1938, a nationwide metamorphosis began to infiltrate desert communities, sleepy fishing villages, and traditional urban centres ultimately influencing the people and their environments in unimaginable ways. Becoming one of the world’s largest oil producers has meant the loss and/or transformation of traditional ways of life. Shepherds, pearl divers, fishermen, and farmers are today’s business owners, executives, and international leaders. How could the development of a single company influence a country and its populace so dramatically? Besides the financial gains, how were individuals, families, and ecosystems affected? What were some of the personal challenges experienced by Saudi citizens? In this paper, the authors address these questions and others using local Saudi knowledge. In total, 20 female university students who participated in an oral history project interviewed their family members to learn how Saudi Aramco affected them personally, their traditions, landscapes, and society more generally. Excerpts from the interviews are highlighted to expose the nuances experienced by the various research participants.
The Pragmatic Way: Managing the Streets in Qing Beijing
Authors: Chen Huiying
Published: October 2024

Drawing upon scholarship from the study of space, social history, and urban history, this article examines the institutional development of street management in Beijing during Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Based on archival sources and private writings about Qing Beijing, this article argues that while the Qing state prescribed a segregated spatial order onto its capital city of Beijing, the practices on the streets were ultimately determined by the constant battle between stagnation and flow. In maintaining the living environment of its imperial capital, Beijing, the Qing state recognized different needs, physically, financially, politically, and administratively, of different people residing and operating in the same urban space. Anchored on an urban history of street management, this article further connects the street concerns to more significant issues about managing the space in the empire and the implications of different priorities for the empire.
A Retrospective Study of Tracheostomy Care and Decannulation of the Patients in a Palliative Care Center
Authors: Zengin Hilal , Can Karahan Zehra
Published: October 2024

Background: World Health Organization defines palliative care as a multidisciplinary approach to enhancing patients physical, psychological, and emotional well-being. Our study investigated palliative care unit decannulation rates and factors affecting success. Methods: The data of patients hospitalized in the palliative care clinic between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data, diagnoses, comorbidities, nutritional status, Norton and Braden Scale scores, day of hospitalization, and discharge direction of the patients were recorded. All patients were evaluated and treated by a multidisciplinary team. Results: One hundred two tracheostomy patients were monitored. Patients in the palliative care clinic had an average stay of 22.19 ± 13.67 days (median: 21, min: 4, max: 66). Forty-one patients were decannulated. Statistically significant age difference was observed between decannulated and non-cannulated groups, with the decannulated group having a significantly lower mean age (52.10 ± 20.54, median: 53) compared to the non-decannulated group (61.48 ± 18.07) ( z = −2.516, P = .012). The mean Braden scale score of the decannulated group (14.29 ± 2.50) was significantly higher than that of the non-decannulated group (12.20 ± 2.82) ( z = 3.823, P < .001), and the mean Norton scale score of the decannulated group (11.34 ± 2.50) was significantly higher than that of the non-decannulated group (9.46 ± 2.46) ( z = 3.472, P = .001). Conclusion: Patients with tracheostomy can be easily followed and decannulated in palliative care clinics. It is important that a multidisciplinary team is involved in palliative care units. Age, immobility, Norton and Braden scales, and level of consciousness are factors affecting the success of decannulation.
Temporal Bone Myeloid Sarcoma Presenting as Necrotizing Otitis Externa: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nayouf Oubai , Alahmad Molham , Laflouf Miriam , Alhammod Abduljaleel , Sulaiman Ameen , Yousfan Abdulmajeed
Published: October 2024

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a proliferation of immature myeloid cells that occurs extramedullary, often accompanying acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It typically presents in areas such as lymph nodes, skin, and the head and neck regions. The emergence of MS within the temporal bone is rare, and it can manifest through nonspecific symptoms. In this paper, we reported a case of A 47-year-old female presented with right-sided otalgia, otorrhea, tinnitus, reduced hearing, and ear fullness, and developed facial asymmetry. She was initially diagnosed with necrotizing otitis externa and was treated accordingly. Further investigations were conducted, leading to the diagnosis of MS. She began treatment with induction chemotherapy followed by consolidation therapy. And we reviewed the literature and included 14 MS cases with the same anatomical localization, discussing the primary presentation, immunohistochemistry, and treatment approaches of these patients. In conclusion, temporal bone MS should be considered in patients with a history of AML presenting with nonspecific symptoms. Diagnostic modalities for MS include computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Systemic chemotherapy remains the preferred treatment approach. The complexity and diversity of temporal bone MS presentations necessitate further comprehensive research to enhance understanding and improve management strategies for this rare condition.
Building Equity in Education with Dance in Schools
Authors: Crum Diana
Published: October 2024

Inspired by Harney and Moten’s (2013) description of study in the undercommons, I bring the perspective of a dance teacher to a conversation about educational equity. Dance is an important method of study and a form of knowledge. It shows up in the undercommons (Harney & Moten, 2013) and in students’ at-home educations (Shujaa, 1993). In-school dance educators have a unique opportunity to bridge the undercommons and the public schools. In addition, using dance to cultivate a multidisciplinary dialogue is a move toward decolonized education and affirms a mode of study that has been historically excluded from schools.
Family Functioning and Child Participation Following Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hagen Erika B. , Dart Libby , Viola Nicole , Ciccia Angela , Lundine Jennifer P.
Published: October 2024

Family functioning and child participation are critical factors in recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and academic and social outcomes. Using mixed methods, we investigated these factors in children who experienced early childhood TBIs and then entered formal schooling. Caregivers completed interviews and scales of family functioning and child participation. Their scores did not reflect problematic family functioning, but showed participation across settings was below average. Themes from interviews included: (1) early childhood TBIs can affect family functioning even years after the injury; (2) learning, academic, and social-emotional issues impact participation and family functioning following early childhood TBI; and (3) appropriate supports and accessible environments are critical for both family functioning and child participation across settings. Mixed methods analyses indicated convergence, divergence, and expansion between qualitative and quantitative results. Results enhance our understanding of challenges encountered after early childhood TBI and provide directions for future interventions.
Enhancing energy control for a hybrid system comprising a wind turbine, diesel generator, and storage systems
Authors: Ben Halima Nahla , Ben Halima Naila , Kolsi Hela , Oualha Abdelmajid
Published: October 2024

The increase in demand for electrical energy has made renewable energy sources, such as wind power, increasingly attractive. However, intermittency and variability represent the major problems of these types of energies. The hybridization of several energy sources allows to have a reliable and efficient supply system. This paper was interested in the control of a hybrid energy system, which includes a wind turbine, storage systems (batteries and super-capacitors) and a conventional diesel generator, with the aim of generating constant power. A control strategy is developed taking into account the various constraints of the hybrid system. Both of storage systems as well as the diesel generator operate according to the modes presented in the supervision algorithm to absorb and compensate the fluctuation of the wind energy and reach to a constant energy flow. The super-capacitor operates before the battery to absorb the power peaks in both charge and discharge modes. The hybrid system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the results are provided in order to show the effectiveness of this control strategy.
Four Pillars of Help-Seeking Attitudes: Emotional, Societal, Cognitive, and Relational Insights From New Zealand Youth
Authors: Sotardi Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this research is to explore the discourse of young people in New Zealand regarding their attitudes toward seeking help, with a particular focus on the self-stigma that seeking help is viewed as a “weakness.” The study comprises a diverse sample of 668 young people (16–21 years) in New Zealand. Individuals were invited through social media to complete an online questionnaire that focuses on stress, coping, and mental health. This study adopted Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as its qualitative research methodology. A rigorous, seven-step data analysis process was used to integrate reflexive thematic analysis with artificial intelligence. Four themes were identified: (1) “Vulnerability and Emotional Hurdles when Considering Help”; (2) “Societal Narratives and Internalized Barriers when Considering Help-Seeking”; (3) “Wisdom, Maturity, and Thought when Considering Help”; and, (4) “Humanity, Relationships, and Comparisons in Considering Help.” Sub-analyses based on participant demographics reveal important trends in the narratives influenced by gender, age, and ethnicity. The findings underscore the challenges youth face when contemplating seeking help, and provide a range of suggestions for theory and interventions.