bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deployment of field hospitals to disaster regions: Insights from ten medical relief operations spanning three decades
Authors: Naor, PhD Michael , Heyman, MD Samuel N. , Bader, MD, MHA Tarif , Merin, MD, MHA Ofer
Published: March 2018

Objective: The Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps developed a model of airborne field hospital. This model was structured to deal with disaster settings, requiring self-sufficiency, innovation and flexible operative mode in the setup of large margins of uncertainty regarding the disaster environment. The current study is aimed to critically analyze the experience, gathered in ten such missions worldwide.Methods: Interviews with physicians who actively participated in the missions from 1988 until 2015 as chief medical officers combined with literature review of principal medical and auxiliary publications in order to assess and integrate information about the assembly of these missions.Results: A body of knowledge was accumulated over the years by the IDF Medical Corps from deploying numerous relief missions to both natural (earthquake, typhoon, and tsunami), and man-made disasters, occurring in nine countries (Armenia, Rwanda, Kosovo, Turkey, India, Haiti, Japan, Philippines, and Nepal). This study shows an evolutionary pattern with improvements implemented from one mission to the other, with special adaptations (creativity and improvisation) to accommodate logistics barriers.Conclusion: The principals and operative function for deploying medical relief system, proposed over 20 years ago, were challenged and validated in the subsequent missions of IDF outlined in the current study. These principals, with the advantage of the military infrastructure and the expertise of drafted civilian medical professionals enable the rapid assembly and allocation of highly competent medical facilities in disaster settings. This structure model is to large extent self-sufficient with a substantial operative flexibility that permits early deployment upon request while the disaster assessment and definition of needs are preliminary.
IFRS 9 en de winstbelasting bij banken
Authors: Daniels A.H.M.
Published: March 2018

De invoering van IFRS 9 per 1 januari 2018 leidt tot een hernieuwde beoordeling van de afspraken die de belastingdienst maakt over de toepassing van IFRS-waarderingen voor Hnanciële instrumenten bij de bepaling van de Hscale jaarwinst van banken. Dit artikel inventariseert de bestaande afspraken en gaat in op de gevolgen van IFRS 9 voor de winstbelasting van Nederlandse banken en de invloed van belastinglatenties op het kernkapitaal van de bank.
Leve Simons' levers? Een literatuurstudie naar kritiek op Levers of Control
Authors: Koekkoek Wim , Corbey Michael
Published: March 2018

Het Management Control-raamwerk Levers of Control (LOC) werd in 1995 geïntroduceerd door Robert Simons en is daarna invloedrijk gebleken. Er is echter ook sprake van kritiek. Dit artikel inventariseert kritiekpunten die zijn gevonden in wetenschappelijke tijdschriften. Deze kritiek is geordend op de inhoudelijke aspecten en de toepasbaarheid van de LOC. De inhoudelijke kritiek betreft de gehanteerde (vage) terminologie, het (overlappende) onderscheid tussen de vier levers, en de (soms weinig) concrete invulling van de vier levers zelf. Bij de toepasbaarheid merken critici op dat de LOC niet (zonder meer) wereldwijd toepasbaar is, dat het aantal managementniveaus (te) beperkt is, dat er sprake is van een (te) beperkte visie op belonen, en dat er weinig bewijs is voor de veronderstelde relatie tussen interactive control en organizational learning. De verbeteringen die in de literatuur worden aangedragen worden kort besproken en betreffen vooral nadere invulling van de individuele levers en uitbreiding van het LOC-raamwerk.
De Corporate Governance Code 2016
Authors: van Manen Jaap
Published: March 2018

In het begin van deze eeuw stond corporate governan- ce in de belangstelling van bestuurders en commissa- rissen. Debatten over typisch Nederlandse bescher- mingsconstructies  en het  boekhoudschandaal  bij Ahold zorgden voor een goed klimaat om de Code Ta- baksblat te implementeren. In de jaren die volgden op de implementatie, bleek de Code goed te worden na- geleefd. Tegelijkertijd nam de belangstelling voor de code bij commissarissen en bestuurders af. De nale- ving werd meer een aangelegenheid voor accountants en juristen. Ondertussen ging er wel het een en ander mis. Ondernemingen kwamen in de problemen door gebrekkig risicomanagement, door het misleiden van afnemers, door omkoping, door kartelvorming en door boekhoudfraudes. Wij zagen dat bij een grote minderheid van de Nederlandse beursfondsen waar- devernietiging plaatsvond. Het gemeenschappelijke element daarbij was een te grote focus op korteter- mijnwinstgevendheid. In de meeste gevallen leidde dat tot schade bij diverse stakeholders waaronder aandeel- houders.
Naar een nieuwe betaalvorm ingeval van buitenlandse overnames van vitale Nederlandse ondernemingen
Authors: Duffhues Piet
Published: March 2018

Overnames door buitenlandse ondernemingen creëren een extra dimensie aan het ondernemen. Niet langer zijn de investerings-/#nancieringsbeslissingen in handen van het eigen ondernemingsbestuur maar in die van een buitenlands ondernemingsbestuur. De nieuwe beslissers handelen volgens mogelijk afwijkende bedrijfseconomische kwaliteiten, inzichten en gebruiken waarbij de in het desbetreffende buitenland gangbare wettelijke en corporate governance-beginselen een rol van betekenis spelen. Er kan ook een geheel nieuwe dimensie aan dat beslissingsproces ontstaan namelijk wanneer het gaat om een andere valuta waarin wordt geïnvesteerd en/of ge#nancierd. Hierdoor ontstaat een dichotomie tussen de nieuwe beslissers en de achterblijvers in Nederland. Dit kan leiden tot majeure externe effecten.
Audit Research Summaries
Authors: Wallage Philip
Published: March 2018

Ook deze maand presenteren wij weer enkele Audit Research Summaries uit de database van de Ameri- can Accounting Association (www.auditingresearch- summaries.org). De eerste samenvatting betreft een onderzoek van Esh- leman en Lawson naar de mate waarin concentratiegraad van de accountantsmarkt leidt tot hogere audit fees. De uitkomsten suggereren dat de concentratie op lo- cale auditmarkten een sterkere invloed heeft op de ini- tiële audit fee van non-big 4-kantoren, dan van big 4-kantoren. De invloed is dan ook groter voor kleine klanten. Andere bevindingen zijn dat concentratie po- sitief geassocieerd is met auditkwaliteit (met abnormal accruals als proxy) en dat verhoging van concentratie leidt tot lagere initiële kortingen van de audit fee.
Audit Research Summaries
Authors: Wallage Philip
Published: March 2018

Ook deze maand presenteren wij weer enkele Audit Research Summaries uit de database van de American Accounting Association (www.auditingresearchsummaries. org). De eerste samenvatting betreft een onderzoek van Sharma, Tanyi en Litt naar de kosten van verplichte audit partner-rotatie in de VS. Hiertoe wordt nagegaan of partner- rotatie gerelateerd is aan de hoogte van de audit fee en het tijdsverloop tussen einde boekjaar en datum afgifte van de controleverklaring (audit report lag). Uit het onderzoek blijkt onder andere dat een positieve en significante associatie bestaat tussen partner-rotatie en audit fees. Ook blijkt dat deze associatie met name bestaat voor grotere klanten en voor de niet-Big 4-audit firms. Een vergelijkbare associatie bestaat voor rotatie en de lengte van de audit report lag. De volgende samenvatting betreft een experiment van Kim en Harding onder Australische en Zuid Koreaanse accountants naar het effect dat gepercipieerde expertise van een leidinggevende heeft op de besluitvorming van een ondergeschikte. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat de invloed van de vooraf bekende preferentie van de leidinggevende op een te nemen besluit groter is naarmate de leidinggevende meer deskundigheid wordt toegedicht. Er wordt geen verschil geconstateerd tussen Australische en Zuid Koreaanse accountants.
In the Public Interest
Authors: Wallage Philip
Published: March 2018

The 2nd International FAR Conference on June 7 and 8 focused on the topic Controversies in Future Audit Quality  A multi-stakeholder perspective'. With a challenging Minister of Finance, a critical oversight body, enthusiastic and renowned (inter)national academics, a broad and engaged audience, the Conference brought new and relevant insights for both academics and practitioners. Controversies regarding audit quality were discussed and several academics presented the status of their FAR research projects. The current MAB-FAR issue presents an overview of the interactions between multiple stakeholders and of the research projects.
Kip of ei: de juiste focus in het vraagstuk van kwaliteit van accountantscontrole?
Authors: Majoor Barbara
Published: March 2018

De vraag hoe de kwaliteit van accountantscontrole kan worden verbeterd houdt vele partijen al geruime tijd bezig. Deze aandacht heeft recentelijk weer een stimulans gehad met de publicatie van het rapport van de AFM (2017) Kwaliteit onderzocht'. De conclusie van de AFM was namelijk dat het verandertraject bij de onderzochte OOB-accountantsorganisaties te langzaam gaat en dat de kwaliteit van de onderzochte wettelijke controle bij de Big 4-accountantsorganisaties niet op orde is (AFM, 2017, p. 4). Genoeg reden dus om deze vraag opnieuw hoog op de agenda te zetten, wat bij mij de vraag oproept wat de focus is van de sector.
Audit Research Summaries
Authors: Wallage Philip
Published: March 2018

Ook deze maand presenteren wij weer enkele Audit Research Summaries uit de database van de American Accounting Association (www.auditingresearchsummaries. org). De eerste samenvatting betreft een onderzoek van Svanberg en Öhman naar de invloed van charismatisch leiderschap op de objectiviteit van de accountant. De veronderstelling is dat charismatische leiders deze negatief beïnvloeden. Aan de hand van een survey onder Zweedse accountants concluderen de onderzoekers een positieve relatie tussen de mate waarin de objectiviteit wordt beleefd en de mate waarin de bestuurder van de cliënt als charismatisch wordt ervaren. Deze constatering zou bij het aanvaarden van cliënten en inschatten van risico's moeten worden betrokken.
Divergence of dominant factors in soil microbial communities and functions in forest ecosystems along a climatic gradient
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Yu Guirui , Zhang Xinyu , He Nianpeng , Wang Qiufeng , Wang Shengzhong , Xu Xiaofeng , Wang Ruili , Zhao Ning
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Soil microorganisms play an important role in regulating nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Most of the studies conducted thus far have been confined to a single forest biome or have focused on one or two controlling factors, and few have dealt with the integrated effects of climate, vegetation, and soil substrate availability on soil microbial communities and functions among different forests. In this study, we used phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to investigate soil microbial community structure and extracellular enzymatic activities to evaluate the functional potential of soil microbes of different types of forests in three different climatic zones along the north–south transect in eastern China (NSTEC). Both climate and forest type had significant effects on soil enzyme activities and microbial communities with considerable interactive effects. Except for soil acid phosphatase (AP), the other three enzyme activities were much higher in the warm temperate zone than in the temperate and the subtropical climate zones. The soil total PLFAs and bacteria were much higher in the temperate zone than in the warm temperate and the subtropical zones. The soil β-glucosidase (BG) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities were highest in the coniferous forest. Except for the soil fungi and fungi–bacteria (F/B), the different groups of microbial PLFAs were much higher in the conifer broad-leaved mixed forests than in the coniferous forests and the broad-leaved forests. In general, soil enzyme activities and microbial PLFAs were higher in primary forests than in secondary forests in temperate and warm temperate regions. In the subtropical region, soil enzyme activities were lower in the primary forests than in the secondary forests and microbial PLFAs did not differ significantly between primary and secondary forests. Different compositions of the tree species may cause variations in soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. Our results showed that the main controls on soil microbes and functions vary in different climatic zones and that the effects of soil moisture content, soil temperature, clay content, and the soil N ∕ P ratio were considerable. This information will add value to the modeling of microbial processes and will contribute to carbon cycling in large-scale carbon models.
C5 glycolipids of heterocystous cyanobacteria track symbiont abundance in the diatom Hemiaulus hauckii across the tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Bale Nicole J. , Villareal Tracy A. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Besseling Marc , Dorhout Denise , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Diatom–diazotroph associations (DDAs) include marine heterocystous cyanobacteria found as exosymbionts and endosymbionts in multiple diatom species. Heterocysts are the site of N2 fixation and have thickened cell walls containing unique heterocyst glycolipids which maintain a low oxygen environment within the heterocyst. The endosymbiotic cyanobacterium Richelia intracellularis found in species of the diatom genus Hemiaulus and Rhizosolenia makes heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) which are composed of C30 and C32 diols and triols with pentose (C5) moieties that are distinct from limnetic cyanobacterial HGs with predominantly hexose (C6) moieties. Here we applied a method for analysis of intact polar lipids to the study of HGs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediment from across the tropical North Atlantic. The study focused on the Amazon plume region, where DDAs are documented to form extensive surface blooms, in order to examine the utility of C5 HGs as markers for DDAs as well as their transportation to underlying sediments. C30 and C32 triols with C5 pentose moieties were detected in both marine SPM and surface sediments. We found a significant correlation between the water column concentration of these long-chain C5 HGs and DDA symbiont counts. In particular, the concentrations of both the C5 HGs (1-(O-ribose)-3,27,29-triacontanetriol (C5 HG30 triol) and 1-(O-ribose)-3,29,31-dotriacontanetriol (C5 HG32 triol)) in SPM exhibited a significant correlation with the number of Hemiaulus hauckii symbionts. This result strengthens the idea that long-chain C5 HGs can be applied as biomarkers for marine endosymbiotic heterocystous cyanobacteria. The presence of the same C5 HGs in surface sediment provides evidence that they are effectively transported to the sediment and hence have potential as biomarkers for studies of the contribution of DDAs to the paleo-marine N cycle.
The Extrapolar SWIFT model (version 1.0): fast stratospheric ozone chemistry for global climate models
Authors: Kreyling Daniel , Wohltmann Ingo , Lehmann Ralph , Rex Markus
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Extrapolar SWIFT model is a fast ozone chemistry scheme for interactive
calculation of the extrapolar stratospheric ozone layer in coupled general
circulation models (GCMs). In contrast to the widely used prescribed ozone,
the SWIFT ozone layer interacts with the model dynamics and can respond to
atmospheric variability or climatological trends. The Extrapolar SWIFT model employs a repro-modelling approach, in which
algebraic functions are used to approximate the numerical output of a full
stratospheric chemistry and transport model (ATLAS). The full model solves a
coupled chemical differential equation system with 55 initial and boundary
conditions (mixing ratio of various chemical species and atmospheric
parameters). Hence the rate of change of ozone over 24 h is a function of 55
variables. Using covariances between these variables, we can find linear
combinations in order to reduce the parameter space to the following nine
basic variables: latitude, pressure altitude, temperature, overhead
ozone column and the mixing ratio of ozone and of the ozone-depleting families
(Cly, Bry, NOy and HOy). We will show that these nine variables are
sufficient to characterize the rate of change of ozone. An automated
procedure fits a polynomial function of fourth degree to the rate of change
of ozone obtained from several simulations with the ATLAS model. One
polynomial function is determined per month, which yields the rate of change
of ozone over 24 h. A key aspect for the robustness of the Extrapolar SWIFT
model is to include a wide range of stratospheric variability in the
numerical output of the ATLAS model, also covering atmospheric states that
will occur in a future climate (e.g. temperature and meridional circulation
changes or reduction of stratospheric chlorine loading). For validation purposes, the Extrapolar SWIFT model has been integrated into
the ATLAS model, replacing the full stratospheric chemistry scheme.
Simulations with SWIFT in ATLAS have proven that the systematic error is
small and does not accumulate during the course of a simulation. In the
context of a 10-year simulation, the ozone layer simulated by SWIFT shows a
stable annual cycle, with inter-annual variations comparable to the ATLAS
model. The application of Extrapolar SWIFT requires the evaluation of
polynomial functions with 30–100 terms. Computers can currently calculate
such polynomial functions at thousands of model grid points in seconds. SWIFT
provides the desired numerical efficiency and computes the ozone layer 104
times faster than the chemistry scheme in the ATLAS CTM.
Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in the karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring
Authors: Watlet Arnaud , Kaufmann Olivier , Triantafyllou Antoine , Poulain Amaël , Chambers Jonathan E. , Meldrum Philip I. , Wilkinson Paul B. , Hallet Vincent , Quinif Yves , Van Ruymbeke Michel , Van Camp Michel
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Water infiltration and recharge processes in karst systems are complex and difficult to measure with conventional hydrological methods. In particular, temporarily saturated groundwater reservoirs hosted in the vadose zone can play a buffering role in water infiltration. This results from the pronounced porosity and permeability contrasts created by local karstification processes of carbonate rocks. Analyses of time-lapse 2-D geoelectrical imaging over a period of 3 years at the Rochefort Cave Laboratory (RCL) site in south Belgium highlight variable hydrodynamics in a karst vadose zone. This represents the first long-term and permanently installed electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring in a karst landscape. The collected data were compared to conventional hydrological measurements (drip discharge monitoring, soil moisture and water conductivity data sets) and a detailed structural analysis of the local geological structures providing a thorough understanding of the groundwater infiltration. Seasonal changes affect all the imaged areas leading to increases in resistivity in spring and summer attributed to enhanced evapotranspiration, whereas winter is characterised by a general decrease in resistivity associated with a groundwater recharge of the vadose zone. Three types of hydrological dynamics, corresponding to areas with distinct lithological and structural features, could be identified via changes in resistivity: (D1) upper conductive layers, associated with clay-rich soil and epikarst, showing the highest variability related to weather conditions; (D2) deeper and more resistive limestone areas, characterised by variable degrees of porosity and clay contents, hence showing more diffuse seasonal variations; and (D3) a conductive fractured zone associated with damped seasonal dynamics, while showing a great variability similar to that of the upper layers in response to rainfall events. This study provides detailed images of the sources of drip discharge spots traditionally monitored in caves and aims to support modelling approaches of karst hydrological processes.
Projected cryospheric and hydrological impacts of 21st century climate change in the Ötztal Alps (Austria) simulated using a physically based approach
Authors: Hanzer Florian , Förster Kristian , Nemec Johanna , Strasser Ulrich
Published: March 2018

Abstract. A physically based hydroclimatological model (AMUNDSEN) is used to assess
future climate change impacts on the cryosphere and hydrology of the
Ötztal Alps (Austria) until 2100. The model is run in 100 m spatial and
3 h temporal resolution using in total 31 downscaled, bias-corrected, and
temporally disaggregated EURO-CORDEX climate projections for the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6,
4.5, and 8.5 scenarios as forcing data, making this – to date – the
most detailed study for this region in terms of process representation and
range of considered climate projections. Changes in snow coverage,
glacierization, and hydrological regimes are discussed both for a larger area
encompassing the Ötztal Alps (1850 km2, 862–3770 m a.s.l.) as
well as for seven catchments in the area with varying size
(11–165 km2) and glacierization (24–77 %). Results show generally declining snow amounts with moderate decreases
(0–20 % depending on the emission scenario) of mean annual snow water
equivalent in high elevations (> 2500 m a.s.l.) until the end of the
century. The largest decreases, amounting to up to 25–80 %, are projected
to occur in elevations below 1500 m a.s.l. Glaciers in the region will
continue to retreat strongly, leaving only 4–20 % of the initial (as
of 2006) ice volume left by 2100. Total and summer (JJA) runoff will change
little during the early 21st century (2011–2040) with simulated decreases
(compared to 1997–2006) of up to 11 % (total) and 13 % (summer)
depending on catchment and scenario, whereas runoff volumes decrease by up to
39 % (total) and 47 % (summer) towards the end of the
century (2071–2100), accompanied by a shift in peak flows from July towards
June.
Accelerating assimilation development for new observing systems using EFSO
Authors: Lien Guo-Yuan , Hotta Daisuke , Kalnay Eugenia , Miyoshi Takemasa , Chen Tse-Chun
Published: March 2018

Abstract. To successfully assimilate data from a new observing system, it is necessary
to develop appropriate data selection strategies, assimilating only the
generally useful data. This development work is usually done by
trial and error using observing system experiments (OSEs), which are very
time and resource consuming. This study proposes a new, efficient
methodology to accelerate the development using ensemble forecast
sensitivity to observations (EFSO). First, non-cycled assimilation of the new
observation data is conducted to compute EFSO diagnostics for each
observation within a large sample. Second, the average EFSO conditionally
sampled in terms of various factors is computed. Third, potential data
selection criteria are designed based on the non-cycled EFSO statistics, and
tested in cycled OSEs to verify the actual assimilation impact. The
usefulness of this method is demonstrated with the assimilation of satellite
precipitation data. It is shown that the EFSO-based method can efficiently
suggest data selection criteria that significantly improve the assimilation
results.
Wind induced variability in the Northern Current (North-Western
Mediterranean Sea) as depicted by a multi-platform observing
system
Authors: Berta Maristella , Bellomo Lucio , Griffa Annalisa , Magaldi Marcello , Molcard Anne , Mantovani Carlo , Gasparini Gian Pietro , Marmain Julien , Vetrano Anna , Béguery Laurent , Borghini Mireno , Barbin Yves , Gaggelli Joel , Quentin Céline
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The variability and evolution of the Northern Current (NC) in the area off Toulon is studied for two weeks in December 2011 using data from a glider, a HF radar network, vessel surveys, a meteo station, and an atmospheric model. The NC variability is dominated by a synoptic response to wind events, even though a seasonal trend is also observed, transitioning from late summer to fall-winter conditions. With weak winds the current is mostly zonal and in geostrophic balance even at the surface, with a zonal transport associated to the NC of ≈ 1 Sv. Strong westerly wind events (longer than 2–3 days) induce an interplay between the direct wind induced ageostrophic response and the geostrophic component: upwelling is observed, with offshore surface transport, surface cooling, flattening of the isopycnals and reduced zonal geostrophic transport (0.5–0.7 Sv). The sea surface response to wind events, as observed by the HF radar, shows total currents rotated at ≈ −55° to −90° to the right of the wind. Performing a decomposition between geostrophic and geostrophic components of the surface currents, the wind driven ageostrophic component is found to rotate of ≈ −25° to −30° to the right of the wind. The ageostrophic component magnitude corresponds to ≈ 2 % of the wind speed.
Perspectives on recidivists: the views of detainees, the general public and people working with offenders
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Boccato Fela , Faccio Elena
Published: March 2018

There is ample evidence on recidivism including its relationships with drug use, addiction, mental illness and security problems; however there has been less research based on direct accounts of detainee experiences and on the experience of people who try to prevent recidivism. The aim of this research was to describe how recidivism is perceived and dealt with by different actors: offenders (recidivists and non-recidivists), pedagogical operators and the public. The wider objective of the study was to identify ways in which various stakeholders can facilitate social reintegration of prisoners. The interviews revealed marked differences in how recidivism is interpreted; these affect both management of recidivism risk and the rehabilitation process, which involves society. The results suggest some ways of reducing recidivism, such as work groups among the actors involved, educational opportunities for offenders and the implementation of reintegration projects according to the laws on alternatives to prison.
Proposing a Behavioral Taxonomy of Priest Sexual Grooming
Authors: Spraitz Jason , Bowen Kendra N , Strange Louisa
Published: March 2018

Sexual grooming is generally thought of as the way that would-be abusers build trust and camaraderie with their victims in order to lower the victims’ inhibitions and eventually take advantage of the situation. Minimal levels of empiricism have focused on the sexual grooming patterns of abusive Catholic priests in the United States. In order to help close this gap, we conducted a retrospective content analysis of publicly available documents of credibly accused priests from one diocese in Illinois. Findings suggest that accused priests from this diocese used any of eight grooming techniques in order to abuse their victims; one of these tactics is specific to priest offenders. Using that knowledge, we propose and discuss a behavioral taxonomy of priest sexual grooming as well as the direction that future research should take in assessing this potential taxonomy.
Back Matter
Authors: Studies Locke
Published: March 2018

Invitation to Subscribers 

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Table of Contents
Lazy Lethargy and Fullness of Joy
Authors: Lottenbach Hans
Published: March 2018

In a remarkable passage of Chapter III of Book I of the Essay Concerning Human Understanding Locke writes:

Nature, I confess, has put into Man a desire of Happiness, and an aversion to Misery: These indeed are innate practical Principles, which (as practical Principles ought) do continue constantly to operate and influence all our Actions, without ceasing: These may be observ’d in all Persons and all Ages, steady and universal. (67)

Only in Book II does Locke explain what this universal desire of happiness is. This explanation appears in the context of an account of the ‘Fountains of Knowledge’ (104), an account of the origin of ideas. It thus often seems that in discussing desire Locke is discussing the origin of an idea. But this appearance is misleading. Locke can only be understood if the place of feelings (feelings like pleasure, pain, or desire) in his general account of the faculties of the mind is properly determined. I shall argue that in the Essay Locke distinguishes desiring both from perceiving ideas (the operation of the faculty of the understanding) and from willing (the operation of the faculty of the will), i.e. that he is, at least implicitly, committed to the existence of a faculty of feeling (Section I). This will clarify what is actually implied in his claim that ‘All Men desire Happiness, that’s past doubt’ (279) (Section II). Perhaps surprisingly, Locke will appear in the company of philosophers who thought that we can desire happiness and search after it only because we somehow know it, and that we know it only because we somehow already have it.
Conte d’été de Eric Rhomer: claves de interpretación narratológica, espacio-temporal y temática
Authors: Nozal Cantarero Teresa , Cuevas Álvarez Efrén
Published: March 2018

En 2016 se cumplen veinte años del estreno de Conte d’été, la tercera película del cineasta Eric Rohmer en su conocida serie Contes des quatre saisons. Con ocasión de este aniversario se estudia Conte d’été a partir de una metodología de análisis textual, centrado en tres niveles interdependientes, que combinan las principales aportaciones del análisis narratológico y la crítica temática. En el primer nivel, se disecciona la estructura narrativa del filme, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Gerard Genette trasvasada al cine. En el segundo nivel se analiza el espacio y tiempo intradiegéticos. Y en el tercer nivel se realiza el análisis temático, en el que a partir de lo visto en los análisis anteriores, se destacan algunas de las constantes del cine rohmeriano presentes en Conte’été, entre las que cabe destacar los conflictos en torno a la elección de pareja, el azar y su papel en la vida del protagonista, o las dificultades en la comunicación personal, vehiculadas a través de una locuacidad verbal sobre los propios sentimientos.
Realización, lenguaje y elecciones narrativas de radioteatro: tres aproximaciones a la creación de espacios sonoros en el tiempo
Authors: Ortiz Sobrino Miguel Angel , Volpini Siso Federico
Published: March 2018

Crear en el ámbito del tiempo un espacio que no existe en ningún otro lugar y hacer que en ese espacio actúen los personajes es lo que denominamos radioteatro. El radioteatro es un género de ficción que tuvo destacada presencia en las principales cadenas de radio españolas hasta finales de la década de los ochenta. Desde entonces, salvo excepciones como, entre 1994 y 2003, las celebradas Sobrenatural e Historias de Juan José Plans en Radio 1 y la apuesta de Radio 3 entre los años 1999 y 2003, con la emisión del serial de Carlos Faraco Cuando Juan y Tula fueron a Siritinga y otras muchas ficciones dramatizadas para radio, el formato ha tenido escaso protagonismo en la radio española. Sin embargo, a partir de la segunda década de este siglo, que ha asistido incluso a la convocatoria del Congreso Internacional de Radioteatro impulsado por la Escuela TEA FM de Zaragoza, ya por su IV edición, crece el interés entre profesionales y estudiantes por el radioteatro. Igualmente, las grandes cadenas empiezan a recuperar, aun tímidamente, este tipo de programas. Dos ejemplos: en la radio pública estatal espacios como su producción estelar serializada El Quijote del siglo XXI, además de otros contenidos de ficción con periodicidad semestral; y, desde la radio privada, en la Cadena SER, la serie de Mónica León Negra y Criminal o el Cuento de Navidad, con el que ha venido felicitando a los oyentes las tres últimas temporadas. En este artículo se aborda el concepto de radioteatro, otras expresiones de ficción radiofónica y el devenir de este género de programación por las parrillas de las principales cadenas de radio a lo largo de su historia. Finalmente, se ofrecen los resultados de tres aproximaciones a la ficción dramatizada para la radio, a través de diferentes maneras de abordar la narración, la acción y el lenguaje radiofónico en tres obras producidas por Radio Nacional de España: Cabeza de Vaca: Las vidas de Alvar Núñez, Herederos del tiempo y El corazón de las tinieblas
The Body Which is Truly Ours. A Brief Three-Stage Approach to Mass Society Through Photography.
Authors: Quiroga Álvarez Ana
Published: March 2018

This article aims to analyse the role of women as the objects and subjects of desire in Western culture through self-portraits. To do so, we have selected three case studies which coincided with the development of mass society and the evolution of photography. A three-stage analysis of photographic images not only allows us to take a closer look at the selected artists’ work but also enables us to understand the current situation of women in the art system. We will initially approach the first years of photography through the Countess of Castiglione. Then, we will focus on the figure of Vivian Maier, whose work was only recently discovered. Thirdly, the work of Linder Sterling has been chosen as an example of British counterculture during the 1970s.
Comparative Effects of the Application of Prilled Urea and Urea Supergranules on Flooded Rice in Madagascar
Authors: D’Onofrio Guido , Dupuy Jacques , Gaudin Rémi
Published: March 2018

Applying urea supergranules to flooded rice (10 cm deep, 3 weeks after transplantation) is associated with yield increases of 17%, 23%, 22% and 16% (for doses of 27, 54, 81 and 108 units of nitrogen per hectare) compared with prilled urea. Nitrogen-15 can be used to establish the real nitrogen utilization coefficients for the aerial parts of the plant. While the figures are very low for prilled urea (between 4% and 9%), they exceed 25% and 38% for supergranules on the sites studied. The effect of fertilizer form is greater than the dosage factor. The results are discussed in terms of apparent utilization coefficients and mechanism used.
Nutrient Content and In-vitro Starch Hydrolysis of Some Varieties of NERICA Rice
Authors: Olusegun Otemuyiwa Israel , Grace Farotimi Oluwatosin , Sunday Falade Olumuyiwa , Kayode Sanusi , Adeniyi Adewusi Steve
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the nutrient quality and the glycemic index of some varieties of Africa (NERICA) rice. The nutrients were analyzed using the official methods of analysis (AOAC), minerals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after wet digestion, vitamins using a High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), while in-vitro starch hydrolysis was performed using multi-enzyme digestion method. The results were compared with that of Aroso (imported rice). The content of moisture, ash, fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate ranged from 8.2 to 9.8, 0.02 to 0.09, 0.3 to 0.5, 2.4 to 5.7, 5.9 to 13.0, and 74.4 to 82.8%, respectively. Iron varied from 30 to 69.3 mg / kg, zinc, (2.4 to 10.4) copper, (0.5 to 4.6) calcium (43.4 to 146) and magnesium from 85.5 to 368 mg / kg. Ascorbic acid ranged from (8.1 to 36.2 mg / kg, pyridoxine (372 to 789 mg / kg), thiamine (116 to 383 mg / kg) and folate from 66.6 to 142 mg / kg. Reducing sugar, total sugar and starch (mg / g) ranged from 60 to 117 and 96 to 157, and 171 to 188 mg / g, respectively, while amylose ranged between 19 and 30%. There were negative correlation between glycemic index and fibre (r = -0.814); and between hydrolysis index and fibre (r = -0.731). The study showed that NERICA rice contain essential nutrients but it has high glycemic index could be a risk factor for disease like Diabetes mellitus
The Cartesian Eye Without Organs: The Shaping of Subjectivity in Descartes's Optics
Authors: Johnson Ryan
Published: March 2018

I examine the role that Descartes's theory of optics plays in Cartesian methodology. After explaining the importance of methodology in Descartes's project, I outline his method in terms of the three dimensions of time. I put this method to work by describing Descartes's search for the elusive hyperbolic lens, a lens that would offer the type of perfect vision that is necessary for the Cartesian scientific process. It soon becomes clear that this lens is the mind itself. The task of this project is thus to sculpt the mind so as to achieve the highest clarity and distinctness of scientific vision. Thus, by focusing on how the eye works and how seeing can be improved, the subject and the objects it sees both radically transform in structure, content, and kind. The Cartesian corpus thus initiates a sort of specular regime that produces a new subjectivity and a new world.
Análisis dinámico de un puente peatonal arco biarticulado de madera laminada encolada
Authors: Domenech Leandro Damián , Severi Martín , Baño Vanesa , Morquio Atilio Anibal
Published: March 2018

En este trabajo se presenta el análisis dinámico de una pasarela arco biarticulada de madera laminada encolada (MLE) en Montevideo, Uruguay. La pasarela fue diseñada como propuesta de sustitución del puente peatonal existente, muy deteriorado como consecuencia de su edad y falta de mantenimiento. La pasarela de MLE fue modelada mediante el método de los elementos finitos (MEF), considerando el comportamiento ortótropo y no lineal de la madera, y mediante modelos simplificados. En el caso del modelo basado en el MEF se realizó un análisis lineal y no lineal desde el punto de vista geométrico. Se efectuó un estudio modal y se obtuvieron las frecuencias naturales y los modos de vibración para cada caso. A su vez, se obtuvieron las respuestas de la pasarela para las cargas dinámicas de un peatón y una multitud. Las respuestas obtenidas muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre los distintos modelos de carga de una multitud. Los criterios de servicio establecidos en la bibliografía son muy variables, por lo que resulta recomendable el estudio detallado para cada puente en particular.
Teaching Tax Law: Undergraduates’ Thoughts Regarding the Implementation of Six Thinking Hats Technique
Authors: Gencel Ufuk , Gencel Ilke Evin
Published: March 2018

In learner-centered education, learners are expected not to imitate the knowledge as it is, but to reconstruct it through different perspectives. In this process, creativity is an important factor. In this regard, Six Thinking Hats is a technique suiting constructivist learning, developing multi-perspective thinking, and also supporting decision-making and production skills of students. The aim of the study was to examine opinions of the undergraduates who study faculty of economics and administrative science, regarding the implementation of six thinking hats technique in Tax Law Course. The data was gathered through semi structured interviews, and was analyzed through content-analysis. The participants were generally seen to hold positive thoughts regarding the Six Thinking Hats technique.
Effects of water droplets on the numerical simulation of a complete gas turbine
Authors: Dayyabu Gambo Kofar-bai , Qun Zheng , Hai Zhang , Lanxin Sun
Published: March 2018

Numerical
simulation of a complete gas turbine engine working with inlet wet injection
has been evaluated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD), the effects of water
droplet and injection rate on the compressor operation, engine combustion and
the turbine were studied. The results obtained in contrast with dry compression
unveil that, with minimum amount of water droplet and high water injection rate
(0.5% - 3.0%) their potential influence on the engine performance by boosting
the amount of inlet mass flow rate, raises compression and expansion pressure
ratio, uplift engine thrust and thermal efficiency through absorption of heat
and radiation intensity emission, decreases the relative specific fuel
consumption, combustion and turbine outlet temperature and cuts down the amount
of NOx production.
Performance and Emission Characteristics Analysis of Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine Using Natural Gas and Diesel
Authors: AHMED Salman Abdu , ZHOU Song , ZHU Yuangqing
Published: March 2018

The demand for higher output efficiencies, greater specific power
output, increased reliability, and ever reduced emissions has been rising. One
promising alternative is the use of a gaseous fuel as partial supplement to
liquid fuel. In this study, the effects of diesel-natural gas substitution
ratios on the engine performance parameters like brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC), and gaseous emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX),
hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were
investigated for natural gas-diesel fuel operation and then compared with the
original diesel operation. The engine was modeled with GT-Power computational
simulation tool. The diesel fuel was injected into the cylinder while natural
gas was injected in to air-intake pipe then compressed together with air. The
simulation was carried out at constant engine speed of 1800rpm for four
different natural gas fractions (15%, 25%, and 50% and 75%). NOX and CO2
emissions decreased sharply by more than 45% and 50% respectively in dual-fuel
mode when compared to only diesel fuel mode. However an increase was observed
in CO and HC emissions in dual fuel mode. The results also indicated that
higher BSFC and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) in dual fuel mode when
compared to those of the corresponding diesel engine.
Wagner Equation Predicting Entire Curve for Pure Fluids from Limited VLE Data: Error Dependency Upon Data Interval & Fully-Determined Case
Authors: Nichols Todd , Utgikar Vivek
Published: March 2018

The predictive error in vapor pressure of
limited-data Wagner constants relative to that of entire-curve constants is
studied for eleven data intervals.  Good
precision is assumed for data inputs, four digits in the mantissa of Ln Pv,r and five digits for Tr.  An algebraic solution for the
fully-determined case based on only four data points is used to estimate Wagner
constants.  Seventy-two species are used
to assess the impact of the location of the two interior points and the
location and width of the limited-data interval upon the error in predicted Pv,r due to data imprecision.  Hydrogen, helium, R152a, and water are used to assess error due to
Wagner imperfection and compare predictive capability of the algebraic fully-determined
and regressed over-determined approaches. 
The results indicate
that limited VLE data of good precision from reduced temperature intervals with
a width ≥ 0.1 and a lower bound ≤ 0.6 can generally provide reasonable VLE
predictions over the entire two-phase curve for pure substances, with average error of approximately 1%.  It is shown that the algebraic,
fully-determined solution presented is
a viable tool for investigating the extensibility of limited-data Wagner
constants.
Atividade de vida diária e sintomas depressivos em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
Authors: Costa Graziella Monicky Oliveira , Santos Rilda Carla Alves de Souza , Marinho Patrícia Érika de Melo
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a presena de sintomas depressivos e as atividades de vida diria em pacientes com doena pulmonar obstrutiva crnica (DPOC). Mtodos: Participaram 114 pacientes com DPOC classificados de acordo com Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Manegement and Prevention in COPD nos estgios 2, 3 e 4. Foram avaliados a presena de sintomas depressivos (Inventrio de Depresso de Beck) e as limitaes nas atividades de vida diria (AVDs) (London Chest Activity of Daily Living Scale - LCADL). Resultados: A prevalncia de sintomas depressivos foi 41,2%. Os pacientes com sintomas depressivos apresentaram comprometimento em todos os domnios do LCADL (Cuidado pessoal, p0,001; Atividades domsticas, p=0,004; Atividade Fsica, p=0,002; Lazer, p0,001 e Escore total, p0,001). Concluso: os pacientes com DPOC e com sintomas depressivos apresentaram limitaes na capacidade de desempenhar as AVDs, sendo necessrio no s o rastreamento desses sintomas como tambm a avaliao das AVDs na prtica clnica.
Rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness
Authors: Krajewski Krzysztof , Rosiak Oskar , Szczepanik Marcin , Walak Jarosław , Woszczak Marek , Gawrońska Anna , Józefowicz-Korczyńska Magdalena
Published: March 2018

Rehabilitation in elderly patients with dizziness and balance unsteadiness
Outorgas Superficiais na Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Domingos, Pinheiros/ES / Grant Suface at Hydrographic Sub-Basin River São Domingos, Pinheiros/ES
Authors: Jaques Jonatha Liprandi , Nascentes Coelho André Luiz
Published: March 2018

O aumento da demanda pelos recursos hídricos tem colaborado para um cenário de conflitos decorrentes do uso da água em diferentes espaços geográficos e que vêm crescendo gradualmente no Estado do Espírito Santo. A Política Nacional e Estadual de Recursos Hídricos, instituída pela Lei Federal n° 9.433/1997 e a Lei Estadual do Espírito Santo 10.179/2014, constituiu a outorga nas condições de disponibilidades hídricas, pois fornece o limite máximo permissível, por prazo determinado para todos os usuários outorgados. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar em detalhes os processos de outorgas e as denúncias de irregularidades relativas ao uso de recursos hídricos na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio São Domingos, localizada no município de Pinheiros – ES. Empregando como instrumento metodológico o uso de sistemas de informações geográficas (SIGs), com o propósito de identificar os processos de outorgas e as áreas de conflitos. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de irrigação é predominante no número de outorgas. Consta-se a grande importância de um manejo sustentável para o uso de irrigação.

Palavras-chave: Gestão de Recursos Hídricos; Instrumento de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos; Disponibilidade Hídrica; Conflitos de Usos de Recursos Hídricos.

Abstract        

The increase in demand for water resources has contributed to a scenario of conflicts arising from the use of water in different geographic spaces and that have been growing gradually in the State of Espírito Santo. The Hydric Resources National and State Politian, created by the Federal Law number 9.433/1997 and the State Law number 10.179/2014, constitute the grant under the conditions of water availability, as it provides the maximum permissible limit for a fixed term for all the users granted. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate in detail the granting processes and complaints of irregularities related to the use of water resources in  the São Domingos river basin, located in the municipality of Pinheiros – ES. Using as a methodological tool the use of geographic information systems (GIS), with the purpose of identifying the granting processes and the areas of conflicts. The results show that the predominant use of water is to irrigation as presented by number of grant. It is the importance of sustainable management for the use of irrigation is high.

Keywords: Hydric Resources Management; Water Resources Management Instrument; Water Availability; Conflicts of Uses of Water Resources.