bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shadow and Weak Deflection Angle of a Black Hole in Nonlocal Gravity
Authors: Fu Qi-Ming , Wei Shao-Wen , Zhao Li , Liu Yu-Xiao , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2022

Black hole shadow and gravitational lensing play important roles in testing gravitational theories in the strong field regime. As the first-order modifications from quantum gravity, the nonlocality can be manifested by black hole shadow and gravitational lensing. For example, the nonlocal parameter introduced by nonlocality will affect the shape and size of the black hole shadow, and also affect the deflection angle of light rays. In this paper, we mainly investigate the effects of the nonlocality on the black hole shadow and the gravitational lensing for two types of rotating black holes in nonlocal gravity. It is found that the size of the black hole shadow decreases with the nonlocal parameter since the nonlocality weakens the gravitational constant, and the shape of the shadow becomes more deformed with the increase in the nonlocal parameter. However, if the rotation parameter is small, the shape of the shadow is almost a circle even though the nonlocal parameter approaches its maximum. The energy emission rate in both models is also studied. The results show that there is a peak for each curve and the peak decreases and shifts to the low frequency with the increase in the nonlocal parameter. In addition, we also explore the shadow of both types of black holes surrounded by a nonmagnetized pressureless plasma which satisfies the separability condition. It is found that the plasma has a frequency-dependent dispersive effect on the size and shape of the black hole shadow. For the gravitational lensing, we find that the nonlocal parameter of model A makes a positive contribution to the deflection angle, which can be compared with the contribution of the rotation parameter, while the nonlocal parameter of model B makes a negative contribution which can be ignored. These results may be helpful for probing nonlocal gravity in future observations.
Rethinking the Role of Saw Palmetto Extract for Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in North America
Authors: Nickel J. Curtis , Chughtai Bilal , De Nunzio Cosimo , Brahmbhatt Jamin , Shore Neal , Te Alexis E. , Djavan Bob
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The effect of the lipidosterolic extract derived from Serenoa repens (commonly known as “saw palmetto extract” or LSESr) berries on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has been extensively studied in the global literature. However, a lack of global consensus with regard to its effectiveness remains, resulting in differing recommendations on the role of LSESr in the BPH/LUTS treatment paradigm. Here, we describe the consensus reached by an international panel of urology experts. Methods: In an independent meeting on 24 April 2021, an international panel of urology experts convened with the goal of developing consensus statements to address the following: the differences between the AUA and EAU guidance regarding the use of LSESr for the treatment of BPH/LUTS, the proposed mechanism of action of LSESr, and data examining the efficacy and safety of LSESr. These consensus statements were developed over the course of several months after an extensive review of the global literature and a discussion thereof. Results: A total of seven consensus statements were agreed upon by the panel. These statements addressed the proposed mechanism of action of LSESr, LSESr quality, and the results from clinical trials examining the efficacy and safety of various LSESrs. Conclusion: Based on the reviewed evidence, the panel recommends that LSESr should be considered as a treatment option for men with mild-to-moderate BPH/LUTS as an alternative to watchful waiting.
Repurposing Molnupiravir for COVID-19: The Mechanisms of Antiviral Activity
Authors: Yip Ashley Jia Wen , Low Zheng Yao , Chow Vincent T. K. , Lal Sunil K.
Published: June 2022

Molnupiravir is a β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester (NHC) compound that exerts antiviral activity against various RNA viruses such as influenza, SARS, and Ebola viruses. Thus, the repurposing of Molnupiravir has gained significant attention for combatting infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. Recently, Molnupiravir was granted authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in adults. Findings from in vitro experiments, in vivo studies and clinical trials reveal that Molnupiravir is effective against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing viral RNA mutagenesis, thereby giving rise to mutated complementary RNA strands that generate non-functional viruses. To date, the data collectively suggest that Molnupiravir possesses promising antiviral activity as well as favorable prophylactic efficacy, attributed to its effective mutagenic property of disrupting viral replication. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of Molnupiravir and highlights its clinical utility by disabling SARS-CoV-2 replication, thereby ameliorating COVID-19 severity. Despite relatively few short-term adverse effects thus far, further detailed clinical studies and long-term pharmacovigilance are needed in view of its mutagenic effects.
Immunization with Pooled Antigens for Clostridium perfringens Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Yuan Baohong , Sun Zhifeng , Lu Mingmin , Lillehoj Hyun , Lee Youngsub , Liu Liheng , Yan Xianghe , Yang Danchen Aaron , Li Charles
Published: June 2022

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic C. perfringens infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to be associated with the voluntary reduction or withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed during recent years. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines specific to NE assumes a priority for the poultry industry. This study aimed to identify the potential C. perfringens proteins as vaccine targets for NE. Three recombinant C. perfringens proteins targeting five antigens were prepared: two chimeric proteins (alpha-toxin and NetB, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and a zinc metalloprotease (Zm)), and one single collagen adhesion protein (Cna). Their protection efficacies were evaluated with a potent challenge model of Eimeria maxima/C. perfringens dual infections using a netB+tpeL+ C. perfringens strain. Young chicks were immunized twice subcutaneously with adjuvanted C. perfringens proteins on Days 4 and 15. At six days after the second immunization, the chickens immunized with Cna, FBA, and Zm antigens, and alpha-toxin had much higher serum antibody titers than unvaccinated controls prior to the challenge. Following the challenge, the pooled antigen-immunized group demonstrated no mortality and the least lesion scores against virulent challenge. The results indicate that the immunization with multicomponent antigens, including C. perfringens housekeeping protein Cna, may confer partial protection.
Impact of DNA Prime/Protein Boost Vaccination against Campylobacter jejuni on Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota in Chickens
Authors: Gloanec Noémie , Dory Daniel , Quesne Ségolène , Béven Véronique , Poezevara Typhaine , Keita Alassane , Chemaly Marianne , Guyard-Nicodème Muriel
Published: June 2022

Campylobacteriosis is reported to be the leading zoonosis in Europe, and poultry is the main reservoir of Campylobacter. Despite all the efforts made, there is still no efficient vaccine to fight this bacterium directly in poultry. Recent studies have reported interactions between the chicken immune system and gut microbiota in response to Campylobacter colonisation. The present study was designed to analyse in more depth the immune responses and caecal microbiota following vaccination with a DNA prime/protein boost flagellin-based vaccine that induces some protection in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens, as shown previously. These data may help to improve future vaccination protocols against Campylobacter in poultry. Here a vaccinated and a placebo group were challenged by C. jejuni at the age of 19 days. A partial reduction in Campylobacter loads was observed in the vaccinated group. This was accompanied by the production of specific systemic and mucosal antibodies. Transient relatively higher levels of Interleukin-10 and antimicrobial peptide avian β-defensin 10 gene expressions were observed in the vaccinated and placebo groups respectively. The analysis of caecal microbiota revealed the vaccination’s impact on its structure and composition. Specifically, levels of operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Bacillaceae increased on day 40.
Assessment of In Vitro Immunostimulatory Activity of an Adjuvanted Whole-Cell Inactivated Neisseria gonorrhoeae Microparticle Vaccine Formulation
Authors: Bagwe Priyal , Bajaj Lotika , Gala Rikhav P. , D‘Souza Martin J. , Zughaier Susu M.
Published: June 2022

The emergence of drug-resistant gonorrhea infections worldwide combined with the lack of a vaccine is alarming. We prepared a novel microparticulate (MP) vaccine formulation using whole-cell inactivated Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the vaccine antigen, with Alum and AddaVax™ as vaccine adjuvants. The adjuvanted vaccine MP formulation was assessed for in vitro immunostimulatory activity, autophagy, and antigen presentation ability. The data shows that the adjuvanted gonococci vaccine MP enhanced autophagy induction in antigen presenting cells (APCs) compared to gonococci vaccine MP without adjuvants, which is important for enhancing antigen presentation. In addition, the adjuvanted vaccine formulation increased the surface expression of antigen presenting molecules MHCI and MHCII as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on the surface of dendritic cells. In addition, the gonococci vaccine microparticles at lower doses did not significantly increase the expression of the death receptor CD95 in APCs, which when elevated leads to suboptimal antigen presentation and reduced immune responses. The adjuvanted whole-cell inactivated gonococci microparticle vaccine formulation enhanced antigen uptake, processing, and antigen presentation.
Retrospective Cohort Study of the Effectiveness of the Sputnik V and EpiVacCorona Vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Moscow (June–July 2021)
Authors: Matveeva Olga , Ershov Alexander
Published: June 2022

The goal of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological effectiveness of the Sputnik V and EpiVacCorona vaccines against COVID-19. This work is a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients. The cohort created by the Moscow Health Department included more than 300,000 infected people who sought medical care in June and July 2021. Analysis of data revealed a tendency for the increase in the Sputnik V vaccine effectiveness (VE) as the severity of the disease increased. Protection was the lowest for mild disease, and it was more pronounced for severe disease. We also observed a decrease in VE with increasing age. For the youngest group (18–50 years old), the estimated VE in preventing death in June 2021 was 95% (95% CI 64–100), and for the older group (50+ years old), it was 74% (95% CI 67–87). The estimated protection against a severe form of the disease in the 18–50-year-old group was above 81% (CI 95% 72–93), and in the 50+ years-old group, it was above 68% (CI 95% 65–82). According to our analysis, EpiVacCorona proved to be an ineffective vaccine and therefore cannot protect against COVID-19.
Systematic Review on Pathophysiological Complications in Severe COVID-19 among the Non-Vaccinated and Vaccinated Population
Authors: Rabaan Ali A. , Bakhrebah Muhammed A. , Mutair Abbas Al , Alhumaid Saad , Al-Jishi Jumana M. , AlSihati Jehad , Albayat Hawra , Alsheheri Ahmed , Aljeldah Mohammed , Garout Mohammed , Alfouzan Wadha A. , Alhashem Yousef N. , AlBahrani Salma , Alshamrani Saleh A. , Alotaibi Sultan , AlRamadhan Abdullah A. , Albasha Hanadi N. , Hajissa Khalid , Temsah Mohamad-Hani
Published: June 2022

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the longest viral pandemics in the history of mankind, which have caused millions of deaths globally and induced severe deformities in the survivals. For instance, fibrosis and cavities in the infected lungs of COVID-19 are some of the complications observed in infected patients post COVID-19 recovery. These health abnormalities, including is multiple organ failure—the most striking pathological features of COVID-19—have been linked with diverse distribution of ACE2 receptor. Additionally, several health complications reports were reported after administration of COVID-19 vaccines in healthy individuals, but clinical or molecular pathways causing such complications are not yet studied in detail. Thus, the present systematic review established the comparison of health complication noted in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals (COVID-19 infected patients) to identify the association between vaccination and the multiorgan failure based on the data obtained from case studies, research articles, clinical trials/Cohort based studies and review articles published between 2020–2022. This review also includes the biological rationale behind the COVID-19 infection and its subsequent symptoms and effects including multiorgan failure. In addition, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) has been informed in individuals post vaccination that resulted in multiorgan failure but, no direct correlation of vaccination with MIS has been established. Similarly, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) also noted to cause multiorgan failure in some individuals following full vaccination. Furthermore, severe complications were recorded in elderly patients (+40 years of age), indicates that older age individuals are higher risk by COVID-19 and post vaccination, but available literature is not sufficient to comply with any conclusive statements on relationship between vaccination and multiorgan failure.
Gender-Related Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of DTP3 Coverage and Zero-Dose DTP Prevalence in 52 Countries Using the SWPER Global Index
Authors: Johns Nicole E. , Santos Thiago M. , Arroyave Luisa , Cata-Preta Bianca O. , Heidari Shirin , Kirkby Katherine , Munro Jean , Schlotheuber Anne , Wendt Andrea , O’Brien Kate , Gupta Anuradha , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Hosseinpoor Ahmad Reza
Published: June 2022

Gender-related barriers to immunization are key targets to improve immunization coverage and equity. We used individual-level demographic and health survey data from 52 low- and middle-income countries to examine the relationship between women’s social independence (measured by the Survey-based Women’s emPowERment (SWPER) Global Index) and childhood immunization. The primary outcome was receipt of three doses of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) among children aged 12–35 months; we secondarily examined failure to receive any doses of DTP-containing vaccines. We summarized immunization coverage indicators by social independence tertile and estimated crude and adjusted summary measures of absolute and relative inequality. We conducted all analyses at the country level using individual data; median results across the 52 examined countries are also presented. In crude comparisons, median DTP3 coverage was 12.3 (95% CI 7.9; 16.3) percentage points higher among children of women with the highest social independence compared with children of women with the lowest. Thirty countries (58%) had a difference in coverage between those with the highest and lowest social independence of at least 10 percentage points. In adjusted models, the median coverage was 7.4 (95% CI 5.0; 9.1) percentage points higher among children of women with the highest social independence. Most countries (41, 79%) had statistically significant relative inequality in DTP3 coverage by social independence. The findings suggest that greater social independence for women was associated with better childhood immunization outcomes, adding evidence in support of gender-transformative strategies to reduce childhood immunization inequities.
Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Older Adult Population: Data from the LOST in Lombardia Study
Authors: Mosconi Giansanto , Stival Chiara , Lugo Alessandra , Signorelli Carlo , Amerio Andrea , Cavalieri d’Oro Luca , Iacoviello Licia , Stuckler David , Zucchi Alberto , Odone Anna , Gallus Silvano ,   the LOST in Lombardia Project Investigators
Published: June 2022

Most COVID-19 fatalities have occurred among older adults; however, evidence regarding the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population is limited. Telephone interviews were conducted in November 2020 with a representative sample of 4400 Italians aged ≥65 years from the Lombardy region. We determined the prevalence of a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through unconditional multiple logistic regression models, we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of infection and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We further evaluated whether infection was related to a reduction in mental wellbeing. Of the participants, 4.9% reported a previous infection. No significant relationship between sex and infection was observed. Prior infection was less frequently reported in subjects aged ≥70 (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41–0.74) compared to 65–69 years, with no trend after 70 years of age. Those with at least one chronic condition reported a lower infection rate compared to healthy subjects (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49–0.93). Participants who lived alone more frequently reported infection than those who cohabited (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.29–4.20). Prior infection was related to increased depressive symptoms (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.17–2.10). This representative study of people aged ≥65 years suggests that in Italy, the oldest subjects and chronic patients less frequently exposed themselves to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
COVID-19 Vaccination Might Induce Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Hermel Melody , Sweeney Megan , Abud Edsel , Luskin Kathleen , Criado Jose P. , Bonakdar Robert , Gray James , Ahern Thomas
Published: June 2022

We report a case of new-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in a healthy 46-year-old female after a single dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. There have been three prior reports of new-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination. Predominant symptoms noted included fatigue, brain fog, headache, sinus tachycardia, and dizziness. Management includes noninvasive therapies, behavioral approaches, and pharmacologic regimens. Here, the patient presented with fatigue, palpitations, dizziness, and presyncope, with symptoms beginning 7 days after vaccination. Presenting vitals included temperature within normal limits, inappropriate tachycardia, up to 120 beats per minute, blood pressure of 128/87 mm of mercury, and 100% saturation in room air. Her management included lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, and ivabradine. Further studies are needed to evaluate prevalence, etiology, and optimal management.
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among US Adults According to Standard Occupational Groups
Authors: Sokale Itunu , Alvarez Juan , Rosales Omar , Bakota Eric , Amos Christopher I. , Badr Hoda , Oluyomi Abiodun O.
Published: June 2022

This cross-sectional ecological study examined the relationship between neighborhood-level standard occupational groups in the USA and COVID-19 vaccine uptake using 774 census tract data, each consisting of approximately 1600 housing units. The neighborhood-level COVID-19 vaccination uptake data were retrieved from Harris County Public Health, Harris County, Texas. The standard occupational group data were from the US Census Bureau. We calculated the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for vaccine uptake using bivariate and multivariable Poisson regression models. In the adjusted models, we found that the healthcare practitioner/technician (IRR: 1.008; 95% CI: 1.003–1.014; p = 0.001), business/management/legal (IRR: 1.011; 95% CI: 1.008–1.013; p < 0.001), computer/engineering/life/physical/social science (IRR: 1.018; 95% CI: 1.013–1.023; p < 0.001), and arts/design/entertainment/sports/media (IRR: 1.031; 95% CI: 1.018–1.044; p < 0.001) occupational groups were more likely to have received the full regimen of a COVID-19 vaccine. On the contrary, the building/installation/maintenance/repair (IRR: 0.991; 95% CI: 0.987–0.995; p < 0.001), construction/extraction/production (IRR: 0.991; 95% CI: 0.988–0.995; p < 0.001), transportation/material moving (IRR: 0.992; 95% CI: 0.987–0.997; p = 0.002), food preparation/serving related (IRR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990–0.999; p = 0.023), and personal care/services (IRR: 0.991; 95% CI: 0.985–0.998; p = 0.017) groups were less likely to have received the complete dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. White-collar workers were more likely to be vaccinated than blue-collar workers. We adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity in the multivariable analysis. The low vaccine uptake among certain occupational groups remains a barrier to pandemic control. Engaging labor-centered stakeholders in the development of vaccination interventions may increase uptake.
Evaluation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay for the Diagnosis of Brucellosis in Goat Milk
Authors: Sotolongo-Rodríguez Dianelys , Gomez-Flores Ricardo , Navarro-Soto Magda Celina , Arellano-Reynoso Beatriz , Tamez-Guerra Patricia , Ramírez-Pfeiffer Carlos
Published: June 2022

The milk ring test is a detection assay for antibodies against Brucella in bovine milk. It has good sensitivity but tends to give false positive results. In this study, we standardized the application of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the detection of antibodies against B.melitensis in goat milk. We obtained negative serum and milk samples from healthy goat flocks in the northern zone of Nuevo León. Positive milk and negative, weak, and strong controls were obtained by mixing volumes of positive control serum with negative control milk. Milk samples were treated with citric acid, after which an FPA was performed. Results were then compared with the Rose Bengal test and the FPA in serum. Milk treatment allowed the quantification of antibodies in samples. Significant differences were found between the 2%, 4%, and 6% groups, compared with the control group (F3, 67 = 17.45, p < 0.0001) but not between the 2% and 4% groups (p = 0.0718). The cut-off value was 74.1 mP, with a sensitivity (Se) of 95% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%. Se and Sp values in field milk samples were 84% and 74.55%, respectively. Despite the FPA test on milk samples showed lower Se and Sp than the FPA test on serum samples, its cutoff may be adjusted. It may be recommended as a screening test in goat milk and become useful for the control and eradication of the disease.
Melatonin Receptors: A Key Mediator in Animal Reproduction
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhao Shuqin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Quanwei
Published: June 2022

Melatonin, a hormone produced by the mammalian pineal gland, influences various physiological activities, many of which are related to animal reproduction, including neuroendocrine function, rhythm regulation, seasonal behavior, gonadogenesis, gamete development and maturation, sexual maturation, and thermoregulation. Melatonin exerts beneficial actions mainly via binding with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), termed MT1 and MT2. Melatonin receptors are crucial for mediating animal reproduction. This paper reviews the characteristics of melatonin receptors including MT1 and MT2, as well as their roles in mediating signal transduction and biological effects, with a focus on their function in animal reproduction. In addition, we briefly summarize the developments in pharmacological research regarding melatonin receptors as drug targets. It is expected that this review will provide a reference for further exploration and unveiling of melatonin receptor function in reproductive regulation.
Zebrafish: A Model to Study and Understand the Diabetic Nephropathy and Other Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sharchil Charles , Vijay Amulya , Ramachandran Vinu , Bhagavatheeswaran Sambhavi , Devarajan Reena , Koul Bhupendra , Yadav Dhananjay , Balakrishnan Anandan
Published: June 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complicated metabolic illness that has had a worldwide impact and placed an unsustainable load on both developed and developing countries’ health care systems. According to the International Diabetes Federation, roughly 537 million individuals had diabetes in 2021, with type 2 diabetes mellitus accounting for the majority of cases (T2DM). T2DM is a chronic illness defined by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic islet cells. T2DM generates various micro and macrovascular problems, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) being one of the most serious microvascular consequences, and which can lead to end-stage renal disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has set the way for its future as a disease model organism. As numerous essential developmental processes, such as glucose metabolism and reactive metabolite production pathways, have been identified in zebrafish that are comparable to those seen in humans, it is a good model for studying diabetes and its consequences. It also has many benefits over other vertebrate models, including the permeability of its embryos to small compounds, disease-driven therapeutic target selection, in vivo validation, and deconstruction of biological networks. The organism can also be utilized to investigate and understand the genetic abnormalities linked to the onset of diabetes problems. Zebrafish may be used to examine and visualize the growth, morphology, and function of organs under normal physiological and diabetic settings. The zebrafish has become one of the most useful models for studying DN, especially when combined with genetic alterations and/or mutant or transgenic fish lines. The significant advancements of CRISPR and next-generation sequencing technology for disease modelling in zebrafish, as well as developments in molecular and nano technologies, have advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of several human diseases, including DN. In this review, we emphasize the physiological and pathological processes relating to microvascular problems in zebrafish, as well as the many experimental zebrafish models used to research DN, and the DN-related outcomes and mechanisms observed in zebrafish.
Influence of Gallic Acid-Containing Mouth Spray on Dental Health and Oral Microbiota of Healthy Cats—A Pilot Study
Authors: Chaiyasut Chaiyavat , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Bharathi Muruganantham , Tansrisook Chawin , Peerajan Sartjin , Chaiyasut Khontaros , Khongtan Suchanat , Tanongpitchayes Kittidaj , Thongma Nichaphat , Chawnan Natcha , Thongkorn Kriangkrai
Published: June 2022

This pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of gallic acid-containing mouth spray on oral microbiota in healthy cat subjects. Forty healthy cats were recruited and randomly allocated to the control (G1; n = 20) and treatment groups (G2; n = 20). The cats were treated with mouth spray twice daily for 42 days. The changes in the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline (day 0) and end of the study (42nd day). The changes in the oral microbial composition of representative animals (control, n = 9; and treatment, n = 8) were also evaluated at baseline and end of the study. Oral microbial composition was assessed by amplifying the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from supragingival dental plaque DNA extracts. The sequences were annotated using the QIIME 2.0. The GI and PI were significantly reduced after 42 days of treatment. The deep sequencing revealed that mouth spray influenced the cats’ oral microbiome and was significantly diverse. About 20 phyla and 59 species were observed after 42 days of mouth spray usage in cats’ oral microbiota. The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of post-treatment samples (PoTS) of G2 was greatly reduced compared to other samples. Further analysis revealed that mouth spray acts substantially against Desulfomicrobium orale, one of the known pathogens in periodontal disease. The mouth spray efficiently reduced the growth of 22 species and uprooted 17 species. Moreover, the mouth spray supported the growth of normal oral microbiota, including Moraxella and Neisseria species. The preliminary study suggested that the gallic acids-containing mouth spray could be an essential oral product to improve the oral hygiene of the cats. Moreover, further studies are needed to confirm the beneficial effect of mouth spray on cats.
Parameterising the Impact of Roughness Evolution on Wind Turbine Performance
Authors: Kelly Jack , Willden Richard , Vogel Christopher
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a study investigating the effects of surface roughness on airfoil performance and its consequences for wind turbine energy yield. This study examined 51 sets of experimental data across 16 airfoils to identify trends in roughened airfoil performance. The trends are used to formulate a novel ‘roughness evolution parameter’ that can be applied to airfoils with no roughened data available to predict the impact of roughness on performance. Blade element momentum theory is used to model the performance of the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine, with uniformly roughened blades emulated using the roughness evolution parameter. An annual energy production loss between 0.6–9.6% is found for the DTU 10 MW turbine when considering a plausible range of values for the roughness evolution parameter derived from the experimental data. A framework has been developed to evaluate how the roughness evolution parameter changes over time, informed by observed changes in wind farm performance from previous studies.
Branchial fstula in children with branchio-oto-renal syndrome (Melnick-Fraser syndrome): a clinical case report
Authors: Yakovlev S. V. , Bakshi T. A. , Beglaryan A. A. , Topolnitskiy O. Z. , Zhuravleva A. V. , Lezhnev D. A.
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Branchio-oto-renal syndrome (also known as Melnick-Fraser syndrome) is a rare syndrome characterized by hearing loss, renal malformations and branchial cyst (fistula) association. The article describes a clinical case of a boy with an atypical clinical picture of branchio-oto-renal syndrome.

Material and methods. The patient was admitted to our clinic with acute inflammation, complaints of hearing loss and a fistulous tract in the right retromandibular region.

Results. After the acute inflammation resolution and necessary investigations, the patient underwent a fistulectomy for diagnosis verification. We analyzed the patient routing from the first presentation to the patient's GP to the final diagnosis in our clinic. Based on this clinical case result analysis, we offered optimal diagnosis and treatment tactics for patients with Melnick-Fraser syndrome.

Conclusion. Correct branchio-oto-renal syndrome diagnosis requires careful history taking, clinical examination and multidisciplinary team involvement. This approach will allow the patient to receive a full range of treatments with quality-of-life preservation.
Créditos institucionais
Authors: Exilium
Published: June 2022

Profa. Dra. Soraya Soubhi SmailiReitora

Prof. Dr. Nelson SassVice-Reitor

Profa. Dra. Lia Rita Azeredo BittencourtPró-Reitora de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa

Profa. Dra. Karen Spadari FerreiraPró-Reitora Adjunta de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa

Cátedra Edward Saïd de Estudos ContemporâneosCoordenadora: Olgária Chain Féres MatosVice-Coordenadora: Cynthia Andersen Sarti

Inserção Institucional e composiçãoA Cátedra Edward Saïd está vinculada à Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa da Unifesp

Exilium: Revista de Estudos da Contemporaneidade – Periodicidade semestral

Editora chefe: Olgária Chain Féres MatosEditora executiva: Maria das Graças de Souza

Editores associados: Christiane Damien, Cynthia Andersen Sarti, Javier Amadeo, Jens Baungarten, Leandra Yunis, Thomaz Kawauche

Conselho científico:Anselm Jappe (Accademia di Belle Arti di Sassari/Itália), Claudine Haroche (CNRS/França), Edgardo Bechara (Cátedra Edward W. Saïd/Argentina), Edward Alam (Universidade de Notre Dame/Líbano), Francisco Miraglia (USP), Giacomo Marramao (Universidade de Roma III/Itália), Gustavo Lins Ribeiro (UAM-Iztapalapa/México e UnB), Heloisa M. Starling (UFMG), Horacio González (Universidade de Buenos Aires/Argentina), Mamede Mustafa Jarouche (USP), Massimo Canevacci (Universidade de Roma/Itália), Miguel Chaia (PUC-SP), Patrícia Birman (UFRJ), Regina Novaes (UFRJ), Soledad Bianchi (Universidade do Chile/Chile), Maria Teresa Ricci (Université de Tours/França), Youssef Rahme (Universidade de Notre Dame/Líbano)

Ilustração da capa: Félix Beaujour

Projeto gráfico, diagramação e capa: Selma Consoli MTb 28.839

Revisão: Helô Beraldo e Thomaz Kawauche

Endereço para correspondência:Cátedra Edward Saïd de Estudos ContemporâneosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo – Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação e PesquisaRua Sena Madureira, 1500São Paulo – SPCEP: 04021-001

E-mail: exilium@unifesp.br
Questões sobre o decoro para com os livros, que são a ferramenta do conhecimento, e o que se relaciona a como corrigi-los, consertá-los, armazená-los, trabalhar com eles, comprá-los, emprestá-los, copiá-los e mais
Authors: Criado Pedro
Published: June 2022

Sexto capítulo do livro Almuᶜīd fī Adab Almufīd wa Almustafīd (O assistente da literatura útil e proveitosa), de ᶜAbd Albāsiṭ Alᶜalmawī, traduzido ao português por Pedro Martins Criado.
O privilégio duvidoso das apátridas
Authors: Da Silva Santos Patrícia
Published: June 2022

O artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a literatura de exílio de língua alemã, tendo como fonte primária obras redigidas por escritoras que se refugiaram na América Latina devido a perseguições pelo regime nacional-socialista. Proponho introduzir algumas discussões acerca dessas obras, sublinhando três dimensões: 1) a possibilidade de ler essa produção sob a perspectiva dos estudos de gênero; 2) as peculiaridades da literatura de exílio e da exposição literária apátrida, com destaque para temas como encontro cultural, trânsito linguístico e de identidade; 3) as relações entre essas produções e a Shoah a partir do “teor testemunhal” que comportam. Empiricamente, a reflexão se pauta nas obras das seguintes escritoras de língua alemã: Hilde Domin, exilada na República Dominicana; Paula Ludwig e Marthe Brill, no Brasil; Lilo Linke, no Equador; Lenka Reinerová e Alice Rühle-Gerstel, no México.
Mundos em contraponto: exílio e memória em Edward Said
Authors: El Far Alessandra
Published: June 2022

Este artigo procura explorar o diálogo entre dois textos de Edward Said: o artigo Reflexões sobre o exílio, publicado em 1984 na revista inglesa Granta, e suas memórias, escritas entre 1994 e 1999, que receberam por título a expressão em inglês Out of place. Se, em suas memórias, Said repetidas vezes faz referência sobre o sentimento de deslocamento que o acompanhou por toda a vida, em razão de ter nascido em Jerusalém e crescido no Egito, onde também recebeu educação ocidental; em Reflexões sobre o exílio, Said aponta na experiência do exílio a possibilidade de sobrepor mundos, como alude o conceito contrapontística, na teoria musical, conferindo ao sujeito deslocado, apartado de sua terra natal, a justaposição de diferentes perspectivas culturais, algo capaz de reduzir essencialismos e ampliar a “originalidade da visão”. Este artigo procurará analisar igualmente as memórias de Edward Said como um lugar de fala e, nesse sentido, como uma narrativa que ao lançar luz às experiências coloniais vividas por ele desde a infância acaba por estabelecer fortes vínculos com sua própria obra intelectual.
“Tudo aqui é um exílio”: violência colonial, desterros, testemunhos e sobrevivências
Authors: Alves Jardim Fabiana
Published: June 2022

O artigo busca pensar com a literatura afro-americana, notadamente brasileira e estadunidense, analisando como mobilizam eventos críticos como o desterro de África, a travessia atlântica e a escravidão nas Américas, em um gesto que se endereça tanto ao presente – a partir da nomeação de como o dispositivo racial produz a experiência negra como impossibilidade de sentir-se em casa (nas relações cotidianas e na experiência de cidadania) –, como ao passado e ao futuro, ao afirmar as vidas perdidas em tais catástrofes como passíveis de luto, uma estratégia de cuidado fundamental que, a despeito de seus limites, pode ser entendida como reinscrição dos mortos e de si em uma teia de relações vivas; trata-se de gesto que assume distintas formas, dentre elas o uso da palavra e a habitação das línguas (ainda que a dos colonizadores).
Shoulder replacement for proximal shoulder fractures: opportunities and difficulties
Authors: Cherepovsky A. V. , Odintsov A. A.
Published: June 2022

The article presents modern literature review on arthroplasty of the shoulder joint in complex fractures of the proximal humerus. Anatomical and physiological prerequisites for the selection of hemiarthroplasty (HA) or reversible arthroplasty (RA) as a method of treatment of these fractures are critically evaluated. The essential role of social factors in the formation of a therapeutic strategy is stated. The impossibility of a universal approach in the selection of the method of surgical replacement of the joint in case of severe fractures of the shoulder is pointed out.
Carboxytherapy affecting tissue healing in the experimental burns model
Authors: Yakovlev K. S. , Lyubishin M. M. , Orshanskaya Ya. R. , Hatkevitch A. S. , Sivak K. V.
Published: June 2022

Objective: The following study highlights the experimental assessment of carboxy therapy affecting tissue regeneration with the standard IIIB degree burns among rats. All procedures were approved by the bioethics committee. Terminal procedures were conducted in accordance with EU directive on the protection of laboratory animals.Methods: The present study included 48 female Wistar rats (180-220g, 6-8 weeks old). Animals were obtained from Rappolovo nursery for laboratory animals. Rats were held under normal conditions of light, room temperature and humidity in laboratory vivarium. The animals were divided into two groups control and experimental (n=24). Each group underwent standard burns infliction. Experimental burn was modeled in each group according to standardized research method of the dermatotropic influence of medicines. Experimental group was treated with subcutaneous administration of 0.5 ml medical CО2 3 times in intact area approx. 0.5 cm from the edge of the lesion. In control group burns healed spontaneously. The fixation of the material and the production of micropreparations was carried out using standard histological techniques. Microscopic diagnostics included a semi-quantitative assessment of the tinctorial properties of collagen fibers, measurement of their linear parameters, as well as calculation of the specific area of the microvasculature in the subepidermal area of the regenerate.Results: After terminal procedures, tissue samples were collected and processed with standard histological protocol. The analysis included tinctorial assessment of the maturity rate of collagen fibers, their linear dimensions as well as assessment of area taken by capillaries in subepidermal region.Conclusions: Present study showed increased area taken by capillaries in the subepidermal part of the wound in carboxytreated rats compared to spontaneous healing. Collagen fibers reached intact-like structure by 14 days in experimental group, whereas spontaneous heling revealed mature collagen fibers by the day 21. Thus, carboxytherapy demonstrated a potential positive effect on the wound healing through the stimulation of microvasculature in regeneration area.
The results of the esophageal atresia treatment in Far Eastern Federal District, Russian Federation
Authors: Shapkina A. N. , Pinigin A. G. , Bezyzvestnyi E. А. , Timofeev S. I. , Nosok M. I. , Savvina V. A. , Tarasov A. Yu. , Mazin A. S. , Belous R. A. , Smirnova N. E. , Stepanenko E. A. , Sidorenko D. A. , Magomedov Z. Z. , Kibalnik D. V. , Tsyrenov Z. D. , Dondokov B. M.
Published: June 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of morbidity and the results of treatment of children with EA in the Far Eastern Federal District.Methods: The retrospective analysis of the annual reports of pediatric surgeons of all 11 regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. Total 46 children with EA were born from 2019 to 2021, 1 child died because of severe comorbidity before surgery, 1 was operated in Moscow. 44 children having A, B, C, D types of EA by Gross were treated by regional surgeons.Results: 64% of children were boys and 36% - girls, half of the children were born prematurely, every fourth was fed before getting diagnosis. The most common form was EA with lower tracheoesophageal fistula (93%). Combined malformations were found in 60% of cases, the most frequent was cardiac anomaly. Anastomosis was applied in 86% of operated, the rest underwent staged procedures. 81% are alive after applying anastomosis, 33% after coloesophageal replacement. Thoracoscopic AP treatment is widely used in regions having much higher population density than the Far East, but there is a tendency to improve this indicator. As for our district, there are several ways to improve surgical care: concentration of patients of the same profile in one or two regional centers or involvement of leading Russian specialists in providing high-tech medical care.Conclusions: The peculiarities of the logistics of the region lead to the idea of creating a single Far Eastern multidisciplinary surgical center providing counseling, transportation, diagnostics and treatment of patients with congenital malformations at the modern level.
Comparative analysis of intraoperative lung protection technologies in patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity during coronary bypass surgery with artificial circulation
Authors: Sergeev E. A. , Geltser B. I. , Brodskaya T. A. , Shkunova O. I. , Tarasov A. E.
Published: June 2022

Objective: Comparative analysis of the effect of budesonide and low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) on pulmonary volemia, oxygen transport and respiratory biomechanics in patients having cardio-respiratory comorbidity during сoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with artificial blood circulation (ABC).Methods: The clinical study included 50 patients having cardiorespiratory comorbidity with a median age of 66 years who were admitted to the clinic of the Far Eastern Federal University for planned CABG in conditions of ABC. The patients were divided into 2 groups by random sampling method. The first group consisted of 25 patients who underwent low-volume artificial lung ventilation (ALV) with inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC; the second – 25 patients underwent isolated low-volume ALV during ABC. The study was carried out in three stages: before the start of ABC, after its completion and a day after CABG. Extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were registered using method of transpulmonary thermodilution. Oxygen transport indicators were determined: oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I), pulmonary blood bypass fraction (Qs/Qt), oxygenation index (OI).Results: After turning off ABC in the first group, the ELWI decreased by 23%, in the second group it declined by 8%. Among patients treated with budesonide, PVPI significantly decreased after providing ABC. However among patients of the second group it remained unchanged. DO2I remained in the reference range among all patients. However VO2I was below it with a minimum value in the second group after ABC stopping. In this cohort the level of Qs/Qt was significantly higher, and OI was lower than in patients of the first group. The resistance of the lung tissue decreased on the background of an increase in its compliance among patients who received budesonide immediately after ABC and 2 hours after it. In the second group there was opposite dynamics of these indicators.Conclusions:The combination of low-volume ALV and inhalation of nebulized budesonide during ABC stabilizes the volemic status of the lungs, improves their oxygenating function and respiratory biomechanics in the postperfusion and early postoperative periods of CABG.
Percutaneous biliary interventions in the treatment of obstruction of the bile ducts of tumor etiology: current trends
Authors: Borovsky S. P. , Polezhaev A. A.
Published: June 2022

Palliative endobiliary interventions for malignant obstruction of the biliary tract at the planning stage require a multidisciplinary approach with mandatory consideration of all the anatomical features of the block and clinical manifestations of the pathology. Transhepatic stenting requires differentiated use of both the design features of biliary stents and the technology of their implantation and positioning. This article discusses the promise of intraductal ablation, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy, and external beam radiation, which can prolong biliary stent patency and minimize the need for repeated intervention.
Machine learning methods in prediction of basal cell skin cancer recurrence after photodynamic therapy
Authors: Grivkov L. A. , Shahgeldyan K. I. , Geltser B. I. , Kotelnikov V. N. , Apanasevich V. I.
Published: June 2022

Objective: Verification of predictors and forecasting basal cell skin cancer recurrence (BCSC) after conducting photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on machine learning methods (ML).Methods: The prospective study of 170 patients (117 women and 53 men) was conducted. The median age was 68 years. All patients got PDT treatment on BCSC. Potential predictors of BCSC were analyzed. Primary outcome measure was the fact of tumor development recurrence.Results: During 4-year observation period the recurrence of the disease took place in 18 cases (10.6% of patients). Processing and analyzing data with the assistance of machine learning methods (ML) allowed to highlight the predictors connected with the development of BCSC recurrence development linearly and non linearly. There are such predictors as: 2nd stage of the process, its morphea-like form, localization in the thoracic cage area, the level of ESR and glucose in the blood. The most accurate forecast of BCSC recurrence was gotten using model based on multiple linear regression (LR). It was proved by high levels of quality indexes (the area under ROCcurve – 0.893, sensitivity – 0.849, specificity – 0.889). Predictive accuracy of the stochastic gradient boosting model (SGB) was less significant.Conclusions. PDT is an effective BCSC treatment method. It is proved by the results of prospective observation of patients for the period of 4 years. ML methods are an informative tool to verify predictors and forecast BCSC recurrence. Forecasting models based on multiple LR demonstrate much higher accuracy compared with SGB.