bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and evaluation of diphenyl ether analogues as antitubercular agents
Authors: Inturi Bharathkumar , Pujar Gurubasavaraj V. , Purohit Madhusudhan N. , Iyer Viswanathan B. , G. S. Sowmya , Kulkarni Madhuri
Published: November 2016

We herein report the investigation of new diphenyl ethers asMycobacterium tuberculosisenoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) inhibitors by structure-based drug design approach.
Nanolaminated composite materials: structure, interface role and applications
Authors: Azadmanjiri Jalal , Berndt Christopher C. , Wang James , Kapoor Ajay , Srivastava Vijay K.
Published: November 2016

Various kinds of the typical ultrathin 2D nanomaterials: a hot topic for intense scientific research and development of technological applications.
Protective effects of formononetin against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating Nrf2 in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Huang Di , Wang Changyuan , Meng Qiang , Liu Zhihao , Huo Xiaokui , Sun Huijun , Yang Shilei , Ma Xiaodong , Peng Jinyong , Liu Kexin
Published: November 2016

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known organ injury frequently observed after rhabdomyolysis (RM).
Selective removal of BPA from aqueous solution using molecularly imprinted polymers based on magnetic graphene oxide
Authors: Wang Rong-Zhong , Huang Dan-Lian , Liu Yun-Guo , Peng Zhi-Wei , Zeng Guang-Ming , Lai Cui , Xu Piao , Huang Chao , Zhang Chen , Gong Xiao-Min
Published: November 2016

Schematic of MMIPs for BPA recognition.
Structures of 4-substituted thioanisole radical cations studied by time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy during pulse radiolysis and theoretical calculations
Authors: Tojo Sachiko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro
Published: November 2016

The structures of 4-substituted thioanisole radical cations were studied by time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy during pulse radiolysis and DFT calculation, indicating importance of charge and spin distributions toward the dimerization.
La(OTf)3 catalyzed reaction of salicylaldehyde phenylhydrazones with β-ketoesters and activated alkynes: facile approach for the preparation of chromenopyrazolones
Authors: Hariprasad Kurma Siva , Prasad Kasagani Veera , Raju Bhimapaka China
Published: November 2016

A facile approach has been developed for the preparation of chromenopyrazolones (5a–o, 7a–k) by the reaction of salicylaldehyde phenylhydrazones (3a–o) with β-ketoesters (4a, 4f–g) and activated alkynes (6a–e) in the presence of La(OTf)3 with good yields.
Optical role of the thin metal layer in a TiOx/Ag/TiOx transparent and conductive electrode for organic solar cells
Authors: Bou Adrien , Chalh Malika , Vedraine Sylvain , Lucas Bruno , Barakel Damien , Peres Léo , Thoulon Pierre-Yves , Ricci Marc , Torchio Philippe
Published: November 2016

Quantification of the crucial role of the thin metal layer on the prediction of the optical properties of oxide/silver/oxide is established.
Corrosion inhibition of X70 sheets by a film-forming imidazole derivative at acidic pH
Authors: Eduok Ubong , Faye Omar , Szpunar Jerzy
Published: November 2016

Chemisorbed IMPA film on X70 steel sheet has significantly reduced the corrosion rate of the metal substrate (up to 90%) in a chloride-enriched medium at pH 0.
Highly sensitive determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with a molecular imprinting polymer
Authors: Wu Zhengzong , Xu Enbo , Li Jingpeng , Long Jie , Jiao Aiquan , Jin Zhengyu
Published: November 2016

A simple and reliable method for fast extraction and sensitive detection of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages was developed.
Preparation and formation mechanism of phase-controlled titanium dioxide microspheres by selective laser heating in liquid medium
Authors: Yu Huiwu , Li Xiangyou , Guo Lianbo , Hao Zhongqi , Zhou Ran , Zeng Xiaoyan
Published: November 2016

An approach for the fabrication of crystal-controlled TiO2 microspheres by selective laser heating of anatase nanoparticles in liquid medium.
Synthesis and characterization of a series of novel polyoxometalate-supported carbonyl manganese derivatives
Authors: Jia Jiage , Zhang Yanhui , Zhang Panpan , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Dongdi , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: November 2016

A series of novel heteropolytungstates-supported carbonyl manganese derivatives have been synthesized, which are the first examples of grafting [Mn(CO)3]+ moieties and Mn2+ on the tungsto-antimonates/bismutates.
Manipulating the photovoltaic properties of small-molecule donor materials by tailoring end-capped alkylthio substitution
Authors: Wu Yue , Cheng Xiao , Xu Guiying , Li Yaowen , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2016

The capability of alkylthio chain as end groups in tuning the photovoltaic properties of small-molecule donor materials is investigated.
A bubble-based EMMS model for pressurized fluidization and its validation with data from a jetting fluidized bed
Authors: Song Sufang , Hao Zhenhua , Dong Libo , Li Junguo , Fang Yitian
Published: November 2016

A bubble-based EMMS/PFB model validated by experiments on a laboratory scale pressurized jetting fluidized bed was revised for pressurized fluidization.
Fe0 and Fe0 fully covered with Cu0 (Fe0 + Fe/Cu) in a fixed bed reactor for nitrate removal
Authors: Ren Yi , Zhou Jinfan , Lai Bo , Tang Wenjing , Zeng Yan
Published: November 2016

To develop a cost-effective, feasible and robust technology for nitrate removal by chemical degradation, a Fe0 and Fe0 fully covered with Cu0 (i.e., Fe0 + Fe/Cu) fixed reactor was set up in this study.
Impact of ionic liquid properties on selective enrichment of glycerides in direct lipase-catalyzed esterification
Authors: Lv Songtai , Zou Xiaoqiang , Qian Haifeng , Qin Jie , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo
Published: November 2016

The direct lipase-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid and glycerol was studied in ionic liquids in order to deduce the effects of solvent properties such as viscosity, ENT, log P and Kamlet–Taft parameters on selective enrichment of glycerides.
BMSCs-laden gelatin/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel for 3D bioprinting
Authors: Huang Jie , Fu Han , Wang Zhiying , Meng Qingyuan , Liu Sumei , Wang Heran , Zheng Xiongfei , Dai Jianwu , Zhang Zhijun
Published: November 2016

Gelatin/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel mixed with bone mesenchymal stem cells for 3D bioprinting.
Synthesis of ultra-long hierarchical ZnO whiskers in a hydrothermal system for dye-sensitised solar cells
Authors: Gao Guo , Yu Leping , Vinu Ajayan , Shapter Joseph G. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Shearer Cameron J. , Yin Ting , Huang Peng , Cui Daxiang
Published: November 2016

Ultra-long hierarchical ZnO whiskers (>100 μm) with tunable lengths through one-pot hydrothermal process have been demonstrated.
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism in the UV radiation cross-linking process of polyethylene
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shang Yan , Li Mingxia , Zhao Hong , Wang Xuan , Han Baozhong
Published: November 2016

The grafting of the valerophenone as voltage stabilizer to the polyethylene molecule chain is possible in the UV radiation cross linking process. This is useful for preparing insulation cables of high voltage up to 500 kV in real application.
Oxidatively degradable poly(thioketal urethane)/ceramic composite bone cements with bone-like strength
Authors: McEnery Madison A. P. , Lu Sichang , Gupta Mukesh K. , Zienkiewicz Katarzyna J. , Wenke Joseph C. , Kalpakci Kerem N. , Shimko Daniel A. , Duvall Craig L. , Guelcher Scott A.
Published: November 2016

Oxidatively degradable bone cements exhibit bone-like strength and remodel to form new bone in vivo.
Study on the curing reaction kinetics of a novel epoxy system
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Peng Wanjun , Luo Ting , Yu Haibin
Published: November 2016

A novel epoxy system was prepared and the curing reaction kinetics of the system were studied. The thermomechanical properties and mechanical properties in the system were studied and the system shows the best mechanical properties at 10 wt% of FGE.
Correction: Fabrication of highly photoluminescent quantum dot-polymer composite micropatterned surface using thiol-ene chemistry
Authors: Kim Chung-Hyeon , Bang Jin-Hyuk , Hong Ki Bum , Park Myoung-Hwan
Published: November 2016

Correction for ‘Fabrication of highly photoluminescent quantum dot-polymer composite micropatterned surface using thiol-ene chemistry’ by Chung-Hyeon Kim et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 96700–96705.
Kinetics of non-catalytic synthesis of bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate at high pressures
Authors: Narayan Ram C. , Madras Giridhar
Published: November 2016

A synthetic biolubricant ester was synthesized non-catalytically at shorter reaction times and is a greener/sustainable process.
ZnO quantum dots modified bioactive glass nanoparticles with pH-sensitive release of Zn ions, fluorescence, antibacterial and osteogenic properties
Authors: Zheng Kai , Lu Miao , Rutkowski Bogdan , Dai Xinyi , Yang Yuyun , Taccardi Nicola , Stachewicz Urszula , Czyrska-Filemonowicz Aleksandra , Hüser Norbert , Boccaccini Aldo. R.
Published: November 2016

Zn containing bioactive glass nanoparticles fabricated by ZnO quantum dot coating of BG nanoparticles exhibit apatite forming ability, antibacterial activity and non-cytotoxicity.
Protein/peptide-templated biomimetic synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Yang Weitao , Guo Weisheng , Chang Jin , Zhang Bingbo
Published: November 2016

Currently, protein/peptide-based biomimetic mineralization has been demonstrated to be an efficient and promising strategy for synthesis of inorganic/metal nanoparticles (NPs) for bioapplications.
Aptamer application in targeted delivery systems for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Shahdordizadeh Mahin , Yazdian-Robati Rezvan , Ramezani Mohammad , Abnous Khalil , Taghdisi Seyed Mohammad
Published: November 2016

In this review, we present the recent progress of aptamer application in targeted delivery systems for imaging and treatment of breast cancer.
The influence of Nd3+ concentration and alkali ions on the sensitivity of non-contact temperature measurements in ALaP4O12:Nd3+ (A = Li, K, Na, Rb) nanocrystalline luminescent thermometers
Authors: Marciniak Ł. , Bednarkiewicz A. , Hreniak D. , Strek W.
Published: November 2016

Luminescent properties of ALaP4O12:Nd (A = Li, Na, K, Rb) nanocrystals were measured as a function of temperature.
Performance analysis of spatially distributed MIMO systems
Authors: Bashar Farhana , Abhayapala Thushara D.
Published: November 2016

With the growing popularity of ad‐hoc sensor networks, spatially distributed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems have drawn a lot of attention. This work considers a spatially distributed MIMO system with randomly distributed transmit and receive antennas over spatial regions. The authors use the modal decomposition of wave propagation to analyse the performance limits of such system, since the sampling of the spatial regions populated with antennas is a form of mode excitation. Specifically, they decompose signals into orthogonal spatial modes and apply concepts of MIMO communications to quantify the instantaneous capacity and the outage probability. The authors’ analysis shows that analogous to conventional point‐to‐point MIMO system, the instantaneous capacity of spatially distributed MIMO system over Rayleigh fading channel is equivalent to a Gaussian random variable. Afterwards, they derive an accurate closed‐form expression for the outage probability of proposed system utilising the definition of instantaneous capacity. Besides, in rich scattering environment, the spatially distributed MIMO system provides best performance when the spatial regions are of same size, and each region is equipped with equal number of antennas. Furthermore, to facilitate the total transmit power allocation among the channels, they propose an algorithm which indicates a significant performance improvement over conventional equal transmit power allocation scheme, even at low signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Performance analysis of V‐OFDM for acoustic communication along drill strings
Authors: Ma Dong , Shi Yibing , Zhang Wei , Liu Guozhen
Published: November 2016

To achieve real‐time and high‐speed communication between the surface and the bottom hole, acoustic communication along drill strings has become the most promising method for the efficient utilisation of oil fields. Vector orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (V‐OFDM) is a general transmission scheme that has two special forms, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and single carrier frequency domain equalisation. Owing to its flexibility regarding the size of the vector block, it can be adapted to meet different requirements. In this study, the authors first employ V‐OFDM modulation in uplink and downlink acoustic communication. Aiming for mass‐data transmission and a simple transmitter in the uplink, small‐data transmission and a simple receiver in the downlink, and strong noise interference, they investigate the transmission performance with different synchronisation timing errors and detection schemes, zero‐forcing and the minimum mean square error. Simulation and circuit test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed different transmission schemes and the corresponding performance analysis.
Dynamics of the photosphere along the solar cycle from SDO/HMI
Authors: Roudier Th. , Malherbe J. M. , Mirouh G. M.
Published: November 2016

Context. As the global magnetic field of the Sun has an activity cycle, one expects to observe some variation of the dynamical properties of the flows visible in the photosphere.

Aims. We investigate the flow field during the solar cycle by analysing SDO/HMI observations of continuum intensity, Doppler velocity and longitudinal magnetic field.

Methods. We first picked data at disk center during 6 yr along the solar cycle with a 48-h time step in order to study the overall evolution of the continuum intensity and magnetic field. Then we focused on thirty 6-h sequences of quiet regions without any remnant of magnetic activity separated by 6 months, in summer and winter, when disk center latitude B0 is close to zero. The horizontal velocity was derived from the local correlation tracking technique over a field of view of 216.4 Mm × 216.4 Mm located at disk center.

Results. Our measurements at disk center show the stability of the flow properties between meso- and supergranular scales along the solar cycle.

Conclusions. The network magnetic field, produced locally at disk center independently from large scale dynamo, together with continuum contrast, vertical and horizontal flows, seem to remain constant during the solar cycle.
Miniaturisierung in der Medizin: Mit Mikroelektronik gegen Krebs
Authors: Wolf Bernhard
Published: November 2016

Bisher hat vor allem die Chirurgie von der Miniaturisierung profitiert: Mit Navigation, Bilderkennung und Robotik sind Operationen möglich, die die Lebenserwartung deutlich erhöht haben. Mittlerweile können mikroelektronische Systeme sogar in die Dimensionen zellulärer Systeme vordringen. Damit werden sie zu einer wichtigen Größe in der Krebstherapie.
Urethral Duplication with Two Hypospadic Meati—An Unusual Variant
Authors: Davidson Joseph , Wright Naomi , Garriboli Massimo
Published: November 2016

Duplication of the urethra is a rare congenital anomaly, with approximately 300 cases reported in the literature. We report a unique case of this condition in a male infant. This case differs from the classical Effman type II-A2 duplication because of the presence of two hypospadic urethral meati, as opposed to a ventral or dorsal accessory meatus with a normally positioned distal urethra. The patient underwent a single-stage repair consisting of a proximal urethra-urethral anastomosis and distal urethral tubularization at 21 months of age with excellent results in terms of both function and cosmesis.
Interventioneller Ultraschall: Immer erfolgreicher in der Tumortherapie
Authors: Klinger Christoph , Caca Karel
Published: November 2016

Der medizinische Ultraschall ist seit Ende der 1940er Jahre zu einem Universalgenie gereift: Er macht viele OPs überflüssig, fördert den Organerhalt – etwa beim schweren Milzhämatom – und macht Eingriffe wie Aszites-Punktionen sicherer. Die Zerstörung bestimmter Tumore kann er ebenfalls ermöglichen. Nun wird sogar seine stimulierende Wirkung auf das Immunsystem bei Lebermetastasen diskutiert.
Bildgebung im Nah-Infrarotbereich: Ein Riesenschritt für Magen-Darm-OPs
Authors: Carus Thomas
Published: November 2016

Eine recht verbreitete Ursache für postoperative Komplikationen sind Durchblutungsstörungen im Operationsgebiet, etwa bei der Anlage von Nahtverbindungen im Magen-Darm-Trakt oder bei Transplantationen. Seit Neuestem lässt sich das Komplikationsrisiko durch die Fluoreszenzangiografie verringern.
Bildgebende Verfahren: Software ist die neue Hardware
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: November 2016

Dass IT und Medizintechnik im Krankenhaus immer mehr zusammenwachsen, ist mittlerweile ein alter Hut. In Zukunft wird Software der Hardware aber sogar den Rang als Innovationstreiber ablaufen – vor allem in der bildgebenden Diagnostik und Therapie. Erste Beispiele für solche intelligente Algorithmen gibt es bereits.
Klinikausstattung: Bad, Bett, Boden – elegant zu mehr Erlösen
Authors: König Romy
Published: November 2016

Immer häufiger investieren Kliniken in neue Optik, schicke Möbel, glanzvolle Bäder. Mit der Ästhetik-Offensive wollen sie nicht nur die Patienten beeindrucken, sondern vor allem: die privaten Krankenversicherungen. Goldene Wasserhähne jedoch, fand kma heraus, erwartet hier keiner.
Marya Verdel: Zwischen Blumen und Zahlen
Authors: Wenzel Kirsten
Published: November 2016

Die 38-Jährige aus dem Vorstand der Uniklinik Leipzig gilt als Shooting Star. Doch das macht ihr kein Kopfzerbrechen: Der Sinn fürs Kaufmännische wurde ihr als Tochter von Blumenhändlern bereits in die Wiege gelegt.
Die Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Rehabilitationsleistungen in Deutschland im Vergleich verschiedener Survey- und Routinedatenquellen
Authors: Nowossadeck E. , Pohlner S. , Kamtsiuris P.
Published: November 2016

Einleitung: Infolge der demografischen Alterung treten altersassoziierte Krankheiten häufiger auf, sodass der Bedarf an Rehabilitationsleistungen wächst. Rehabilitation wird in Deutschland von mehreren Leistungsträgern erbracht. Da keine einheitliche Rehabilitationsstatistik existiert, ist die Datenlage trägerübergreifend uneinheitlich und lückenhaft. Der Beitrag untersucht die Inanspruchnahme von Rehabilitationsleistungen in Deutschland. Dazu werden Daten eines großen bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Gesundheitssurveys herangezogen, die Ergebnisse auf Bevölkerungsebene hochgerechnet sowie mit Routinedaten vergleichend analysiert.

Methode: Surveydaten wurden der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1) des Robert Koch-Instituts mit 7 988 Teilnehmern entnommen und die ermittelten Inanspruchnahmequoten auf Bevölkerungsebene hochgerechnet. Als Routinedaten wurden die Krankenhausstatistik für stationäre Vorsorge- und Rehabilitationseinrichtungen des Statistischen Bundesamts sowie die publizierten Statistiken der verschiedenen Leistungsträger herangezogen. Zur Ermittlung der Gesamtzahl von Rehabilitationsfällen wurden die in den Routinedaten jeweils fehlenden Teilpopulationen geschätzt.

Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Datenquellen zur Inanspruchnahme kommen zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Danach gab es 2010 etwa 2,2 Mio. Rehabilitationsfälle in Deutschland, von denen etwas mehr als 10% ambulant waren. Analysen der Routinedaten anhand von Strukturmerkmalen wie Alter oder Diagnosen sind zwar formal möglich, aufgrund der jeweils fehlenden Teilpopulationen und des damit verbundenen nichtzufälligen Bias jedoch nicht empfehlenswert.

Schlussfolgerungen: Ohne detaillierte Altersdaten und deren Entwicklungstrends können die Herausforderungen des demografischen Wandels und des Wandels des Krankheitsspektrums nicht ausreichend beschrieben werden. Das Fehlen von diagnosebezogenen Daten verhindert Aussagen über die Bedarfsgerechtigkeit der rehabilitativen Versorgung.
Attribute Non-Attendance in Discrete-Choice-Experimenten
Authors: Bölter Laura , Sadler Andrew , Mühlbacher Axel
Published: November 2016

Ziel/Hintergrund Bei der Präferenzmessung mit Discrete-Choice-Experimenten (DCE) wird implizit angenommen, dass die Befragten alle gegebenen Informationen bei der Entscheidungsfindung berücksichtigen. Studien zeigten jedoch, dass in komplexen Befragungssituationen Verarbeitungsstrategien wie Attribute Non-Attendance (ANA) genutzt werden, um Wahlentscheidungen zu vereinfachen. Dies führt zu unvollständigen Trade-offs. Ziel der Studie war es, die Bedeutung von ANA in Präferenzmessmethoden, speziell DCEs, zu untersuchen und ANA-Strategien zu identifizieren.

Methodik Ausmaß und Folgen von ANA-Strategien in DCEs wurden aus der Literatur zusammengetragen. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf der Identifikation von ANA mit qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden, den Arten von ANA-Strategien, der Berücksichtigung von ANA bei der Auswertung und der Prävention von ANA in DCE-Studien.

Ergebnisse Durch die Berücksichtigung von ANA in der Ergebnisanalyse kann eine Verbesserung der Gütekriterien des statistischen Analysemodells erreicht werden. Den stärksten Einfluss hatte ANA auf die Berechnung der Zahlungsbereitschaft (WTP). In Studien wurden hohe Anteile von Befragten identifiziert, die das Kostenattribut ignorierten.

Fazit Die Nichtberücksichtigung von Verarbeitungsstrategien in DCEs kann zu verzerrten Ergebnissen und falschen gesundheitspolitischen Entscheidungen führen. Besondere Berücksichtigung von ANA in der Analyse erscheint dann erforderlich, wenn die WTP ermittelt werden soll.
On the accuracy of RANS simulations with DNS data
Authors: Poroseva Svetlana V. , Colmenares F. Juan D. , Murman Scott M.
Published: November 2016

Simulation results conducted for incompressible planar wall-bounded turbulent flows with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with no modeling involved are presented. Instead, all terms but the molecular diffusion are represented by the data from direct numerical simulation (DNS). In simulations, the transport equations for velocity moments through the second order (and the fourth order where the data are available) are solved in a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and in a fully developed channel flow in a wide range of Reynolds numbers using DNS data from Sillero et al., Lee and Moser, and Jeyapaul et al. The results obtained demonstrate that DNS data are the significant and dominant source of uncertainty in such simulations (hereafter, RANS-DNS simulations). Effects of the Reynolds number, flow geometry, and the velocity moment order as well as an uncertainty quantification technique used to collect the DNS data on the results of RANS-DNS simulations are analyzed. New criteria for uncertainty quantification in statistical data collected from DNS are proposed to guarantee the data accuracy sufficient for their use in RANS equations and for the turbulence model validation.
An accelerated stochastic vortex structure method for particle collision and agglomeration in homogeneous turbulence
Authors: Dizaji Farzad F. , Marshall Jeffrey S.
Published: November 2016

Modeling the response of interacting particles, droplets, or bubbles to subgrid-scale fluctuations in turbulent flows is a long-standing challenge in multiphase flow simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes approach. The problem also arises for large-eddy simulation for sufficiently small values of the Kolmogorov-scale particle Stokes number. This paper expands on a recently proposed stochastic vortex structure (SVS) method for modeling of turbulence fluctuations for colliding or otherwise interacting particles. An accelerated version of the SVS method was developed using the fast multipole expansion and local Taylor expansion approach, which reduces computation speed by two orders of magnitude compared to the original SVS method. Detailed comparisons are presented showing close agreement of the energy spectrum and probability density functions of various fields between the SVS computational model, direct numerical simulation (DNS) results, and various theoretical and experimental results found in the literature. Results of the SVS method for particle collision rate and related measures of particle interaction exhibit excellent agreement with DNS predictions for homogeneous turbulent flows. The SVS method was also used with adhesive particles to simulate formation of particle agglomerates with different values of the particle Stokes and adhesion numbers, and various measures of the agglomerate structure are compared to the DNS results.
Experimental study of two-stage Savonius rotors with different gap ratios and phase shift angles
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Liu , Nie Long , Xu Hongtao , Mo Yang , Wang Canxing
Published: November 2016

The Savonius rotor has been attracting more and more attention in recent years owing to its appealing features, such as simplicity of the fabrication, cost-effectiveness in low wind speed areas and low noise levels. It can be used for lighting, ventilation, hydropower generation and irrigation. As a traditional single-stage two-blade Savonius rotor has two defects, researchers proposed the multi-stage two-blade Savonius rotor to overcome them. However, most of the previous studies on the multi-stage Savonius rotors focused on the comparison between one- and two-stage rotors or the effect of the aspect ratios. This paper is different from previous researches and focuses on the comparison between two-stage rotors through the wind tunnel test. It also studies the effect of the gap ratio (GR) and phase shift angle (PSA) on the performance of the two-stage rotors at different wind speeds. Results showed that the negative azimuth angle range was narrowed and the torque coefficient (CT) values were improved as GR and PSA increased. Hence, the two-stage rotor with larger GR and PSA can overcome the two defects of the single-stage rotor. In terms of the power coefficient (CP), the optimized performance was determined by the GRs, PSAs, and wind speeds. When the wind speed increased, the difference among CP curves of one tested rotor was reduced. Generally speaking, the rotors with GR = 1/6 exhibited the optimized performance compared with those with other GRs when the PSA = 0° and PSA = 45°. While keeping the PSA = 90°, the rotor with GR = 0 had a superior performance to the others when PSA = 90° at wind speed of 4 m/s. The rotor with GR = 1/3 gave the highest CP value of 0.303 in the vicinity of the tip speed ratio 0.9 at wind speed of 6 m/s. And the rotor with GR = 1/6 attained the best CP when the wind speeds were 8 m/s and 10 m/s.
Dynamics of immiscible liquids in a rotating horizontal cylinder
Authors: Kozlov N. V. , Kozlova A. N. , Shuvalova D. A.
Published: November 2016

The dynamics of an interface between two immiscible liquids of different density is studied experimentally in a horizontal cylinder at rotation in the gravity field. Two liquids entirely fill the cavity volume, and the container is rotated sufficiently fast so that the liquids are centrifuged. The light liquid forms a column extended along the rotation axis, and the heavy liquid forms an annular layer. Under the action of gravity, the light liquid column displaces steadily along the radius, downwards in the laboratory frame. As a result, fluid oscillations in the cavity frame are excited at the interface, which lead to the generation of a steady streaming, and the fluid comes into a slow lagging rotation with respect to the cylinder walls. The dynamics of the studied system is determined by the ratio of the gravity acceleration to the centrifugal one—the dimensionless acceleration. In experiments, the system is controlled by the means of variation of the rotation rate, i.e., of the centrifugal force. At a critical value of the dimensionless acceleration the circular interface looses stability, and an azimuthal wave is excited. This leads to a strong increase in the interface differential velocity. A theoretical analysis is done based on the theory of centrifugal waves and a frequency equation is obtained. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theory at the condition of small wave amplitudes. Mechanism of steady streaming generation is analyzed based on previously published theoretical results obtained for the limiting case when the light phase is a solid cylinder. A qualitative agreement is found.
Research Update: Diode performance of the Pt/Al2O3/two-dimensional electron gas/SrTiO3 structure and its time-dependent resistance evolution
Authors: Moon Taehwan , Jung Hae Jun , Kim Yu Jin , Park Min Hyuk , Kim Han Joon , Kim Keum Do , Lee Young Hwan , Hyun Seung Dam , Park Hyeon Woo , Lee Sang Woon , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: November 2016

Time domain electric pulse measurements were conducted on a capacitor consisting of a Pt film as the top electrode, atomic-layer-deposited 6.5-nm-thick amorphous Al2O3 as the dielectric layer, and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface between Al2O3 and SrTiO3 as the bottom electrode. The sample showed highly useful current-voltage characteristics as the selector in cross-bar array resistance switching random access memory. The long-term (order of second) variation in the leakage current when the Pt electrode was positively biased was attributed to the field-induced migration of oxygen vacancies between the interior of the Al2O3 and the 2DEG region. Relaxation of the vacancy concentration occurred even at room temperature.
Research Update: The mechanocaloric potential of spin crossover compounds
Authors: Sandeman Karl G.
Published: November 2016

We present a first evaluation of the potential for spin crossover (SCO) compounds to be considered as a new class of giant mechanocaloric effect materials. From literature data on the variation of the spin crossover temperature with pressure, we estimate the maximum available adiabatic temperature change for several compounds and the relatively low pressures that may be required to observe these effects.
Temperature dependence of electric field tunable ferromagnetic resonance lineshape in multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Wang Fenglong , Zhou Cai , Zhang Chao , Yang Chengcheng , Jia Chenglong , Jiang Changjun , Xue Desheng
Published: November 2016

Herein, we experimentally investigate the effect of temperature on the electric field tunable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructure, and demonstrate the tuning of abnormal change in FMR using the polarization of the ferroelectric layer above 200 K. The FMR was found to be almost unchanged under different electric field strength at 100 K owing to frozen polarization, which causes extremely weak magnetoelectric coupling. More interestingly, negative effective linewidth was observed when an electric field greater than 10 kV/cm was applied above 220 K. The simultaneous electrical control of magnetization and its damping via FMR based on linear magnetoelectric coupling are directly relevant to use of composite multiferroics for a wide range of devices.
Characteristics of terahertz wave modulation using wavelength-selective photoexcitation in pentacene/Si and TIPS pentacene/Si bilayers
Authors: Yoo Hyung Keun , Kang Chul , Kee Chul-Sik , Hwang In-Wook , Lee Joong Wook
Published: November 2016

We demonstrate the characteristics of the optical control of terahertz (THz) wave transmission in photoexcited bilayers of pentacene/Si and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene)/Si. The modulation efficiency is influenced significantly by the photoexcitation wavelength of the optical beams. Lower optical absorption of organic materials leads to higher modulation efficiency because the photocarriers excited on Si with a higher diffusion rate and mobility are far more instrumental in increasing the modulation than the excitons generated on the organic layers. Securing a sufficient depth for carrier diffusion on organic layers is also important for increasing the THz modulation efficiency. These findings may be useful for designing highly efficient and spectrally controllable THz wave modulators.
Atomic layer deposition of TiO2-nanomembrane-based photocatalysts with enhanced performance
Authors: Edy Riyanto , Huang Gaoshan , Zhao Yuting , Zhang Jing , Mei Yongfeng , Shi Jianjun
Published: November 2016

In this study, TiO2 and TiO2-ZnO nanomembranes were fabricated by atomic layer deposition using the three-dimensionally porous template and their photocatalytic properties were investigated. The nanomembranes were firstly deposited onto the surface of polyurethane porous sponge templates (sacrificial templates), followed by a calcination at 500 or 800 °C. Three-dimensionally porous structures as a replica of the porous sponge templates were thus achieved. By a pulverizing process, the porous structures were broken into small pieces, which were then employed as photocatalyst. Experimental results show that the degree of crystallinity is raised by increasing of the nanomembrane thickness due to the increase of the grain size with minimizing the number of grain boundaries in the thicker nanomembrane, which is beneficial to enhance the photocatalysis efficiency. On the other hand, the photocatalytic activity can also be improved by TiO2-ZnO composite, due to lower electron-hole recombination possibility and better carrier conductivity.
The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from
Siraitia grosvenorii
Authors: Itkin Maxim , Davidovich-Rikanati Rachel , Cohen Shahar , Portnoy Vitaly , Doron-Faigenboim Adi , Oren Elad , Freilich Shiri , Tzuri Galil , Baranes Nadine , Shen Shmuel , Petreikov Marina , Sertchook Rotem , Ben-Dor Shifra , Gottlieb Hugo , Hernandez Alvaro , Nelson David R. , Paris Harry S. , Tadmor Yaakov , Burger Yosef , Lewinsohn Efraim , Katzir Nurit , Schaffer Arthur
Published: November 2016

Significance

We identified the biosynthetic pathway for the nonsugar sweetener mogroside V, a noncaloric with a sweetening strength 250-fold that of sucrose. This compound is produced by the fruit of the endemic Chinese cucurbit
Siraitia grosvenoriii
, also known as monk fruit and
luo-han-guo
. The metabolic pathway was identified using a combination of genomic and transcriptomic databases of the
Siraitia
plant, together with a large-scale functional expression of candidate genes. The novelty of the pathway could be attributed to a highly coordinated gene expression pattern responsible for the unique epoxidations, hydroxylations, and glucosylations leading to the sweet mogrosides. These discoveries will facilitate the development of alternative natural sweeteners.
Protein aggregation as a cellular response to oxidative stress induced by heme and iron
Authors: Vasconcellos Luiz R. C. , Dutra Fabianno F. , Siqueira Mariana S. , Paula-Neto Heitor A. , Dahan Jennifer , Kiarely Ellen , Carneiro Leticia A. M. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Travassos Leonardo H.
Published: November 2016

Significance

Hemolytic diseases include a variety of conditions with diverse etiologies in which red blood cells are destroyed and large amounts of hemeproteins are released. Heme has been described as a potent proinflammatory molecule that is able to induce multiple innate immune responses. The mechanisms by which eukaryotic cells respond to the toxic effects induced by heme to maintain homeostasis are not fully understood, however. Here we describe a previously uncharacterized cellular response induced by heme: the formation of p62/SQTM1 aggregates containing ubiquitinated proteins in structures known as aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS). This action is part of a response driven by the transcription factor NRF2 to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species induced by heme.
Hydrogel films and coatings by swelling-induced gelation
Authors: Moreau David , Chauvet Caroline , Etienne François , Rannou François P. , Corté Laurent
Published: November 2016

Significance

This work reports a processing route to fabricate hydrogel films through their rapid and spontaneous growth in aqueous solutions. This approach exploits the strong solvent depletion created at the surface of a polymer substrate swelling in a polymer solution. By immersing substrates that swell in associative polymer solutions, we showed that this local suction effect induces the gelation and growth of hydrogel films. Experiments and a simple model captured how the kinetics of this process can be deliberately controlled by handy processing parameters. Other solutes can be easily incorporated in the so-formed hydrogel films to provide other functionalities. We demonstrated this potential by coating complex shapes with bioceramic particles and by encapsulating mammalian cells in freestanding membranes.
Oxidation behaviour in Si-containing low-carbon steels
Authors: Choi Y. H. , Park K.-S. , Jeong T.-K. , Lee J. S. , Suh D.-W.
Published: November 2016

Oxygen partial pressure at the boundary between external oxidation layer and steel matrix was determined by characterisation of internal oxidation in Si-containing low-carbon steels oxidised under atmospheric condition. The oxygen partial pressure calculated from the rate equation of the internal oxidation matches with the equilibrium value between Fe and FeO. From the oxygen partial pressure between external oxidation layer and steel matrix, the evolution of internal oxidation zone and the diffusion profile of solute Si were numerically simulated. The calculated depth of internal oxidation and solute Si profile accords to the measured ones from the EPMA, which implies that the numerical simulation captures reasonably the evolution of the internal oxidation in the Si-containing steels.
CellSort: a support vector machine tool for optimizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting and reducing experimental effort
Authors: Yu Jessica S , Pertusi Dante A , Adeniran Adebola V , Tyo Keith E J
Published: November 2016

Motivation

High throughput screening by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) is a common task in protein engineering and directed evolution. It can also be a rate-limiting step if high false positive or negative rates necessitate multiple rounds of enrichment. Current FACS software requires the user to define sorting gates by intuition and is practically limited to two dimensions. In cases when multiple rounds of enrichment are required, the software cannot forecast the enrichment effort required.

Results

We have developed CellSort, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm that identifies optimal sorting gates based on machine learning using positive and negative control populations. CellSort can take advantage of more than two dimensions to enhance the ability to distinguish between populations. We also present a Bayesian approach to predict the number of sorting rounds required to enrich a population from a given library size. This Bayesian approach allowed us to determine strategies for biasing the sorting gates in order to reduce the required number of enrichment rounds. This algorithm should be generally useful for improve sorting outcomes and reducing effort when using FACS.

Availability and Implementation

Source code available at http://tyolab.northwestern.edu/tools/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A continuous involvement of stakeholders promotes the ecosystem approach to fisheries in the 8-fjords area on the Swedish west coast
Authors: Bryhn Andreas C. , Lundström Karl , Johansson Amelie , Ragnarsson Stabo Henrik , Svedäng Henrik
Published: November 2016

The coastal marine environment in the 8-fjords area on the Swedish west coast has been subjected to various stakeholder co-management initiatives since 1999. Stakeholders and authorities have acted by supporting and implementing gradually stricter fishing restrictions following the collapse in the 1970s of several demersal fish stocks and their apparent lack of recovery. Moreover, concerns have been raised regarding a locally sharp depletion of eelgrass meadows, in addition to an apparent increase in the number of seals and cormorants. The present 8-fjords initiative applies a cross-sector approach to environmental management and thus also addresses various types of environmental pollution. This study has compared the environmental work around the 8-fjords to 15 principles regarding the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The main strength that has been identified among the EAF principles is the continuous involvement of stakeholders. Among weaknesses in the EAF is the scarcity of suitable indicators that are necessary for appropriate monitoring, especially biomasses of functional groups as well as economic and social indicators. Many environmental problems in the fjords remain and it is possible that improved adherence to EAF principles will facilitate solving some problems and alleviating others. Moreover, the application of the EAF in practice in the 8-fjords can serve as a guiding example for co-managing other aquatic ecosystems towards ecological, economic, and social sustainability. The experiences from the 8-fjords initiative, including its extensive stakeholder involvement, may serve as a practical EAF example to be studied by researchers and managers globally.
Dirac spin-gapless semiconductors: promising platforms for massless and dissipationless spintronics and new (quantum) anomalous spin Hall effects
Authors: Wang Xiao-Lin
Published: November 2016

It is proposed that the new generation of spintronics should be ideally massless and dissipationless for the realization of ultra-fast and ultra-low-power spintronic devices. We demonstrate that the spin-gapless materials with linear energy dispersion are unique materials that can realize these massless and dissipationless states. Furthermore, we propose four new types of spin Hall effects that consist of spin accumulation of equal numbers of electrons and holes having the same or opposite spin polarization at the sample edge in Hall effect measurements, but with vanishing Hall voltage. These new Hall effects can be classified as (quantum) anomalous spin Hall effects. The physics for massless and dissipationless spintronics and the new spin Hall effects are presented for spin-gapless semiconductors with either linear or parabolic dispersion. New possible candidates for Dirac-type or parabolic-type spin-gapless semiconductors are proposed in ferromagnetic monolayers of simple oxides with either honeycomb or square lattices.
Readmission and Prolapse Recurrence After Abdominal and Vaginal Apical Suspensions in Older Women
Authors: Sanses Tatiana V. D. , Hanley Jan M. , Zhang Peter , Richter Holly E. , Gambert Steven R. , Saigal Chris S.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Our objective was to evaluate 30-day readmission, 12-month prolapse recurrence, and complications after apical surgeries in older women.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 2002–2011 Medicare data in women 65 years or older who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy with synthetic mesh, vaginal uterosacral, or sacrospinous colpopexy with 12 months follow-up. Vaginal mesh procedures were excluded. The primary outcome was 30-day inpatient readmission. Secondary outcomes were complications and prolapse recurrence, defined as either reoperation or pessary insertion. We used Pearson χ2, Fisher exact tests, and analyses of variance to examine difference between surgical treatment groups. Odds ratios (ORs) utilizing Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, race, and procedure type were calculated to assess the differences in the outcomes probability.

RESULTS:

Of 3,015 women, 863 underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy, 510—uterosacral and 1,642—sacrospinous ligament suspensions. The 30-day readmission was 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7–9.2%; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.5, P<.01) after abdominal sacrocolpopexy and 4.5% (95% CI 2.7–6.3%; OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–2.1, P=.3) after uterosacral compared with 3.5% (95% CI 2.6–4.4% P<.01) after sacrospinous ligament suspensions. Prolapse recurrence did not differ between the groups (8.2%, 95% CI 6.4–10.1%; 10.6%, 95% CI 7.9–13.3%; and 9.9%, 95% CI 8.4–11.3%, P=.3, respectively). Women had 30-day gastrointestinal complications (6.1%, 95% CI 4.5–7.7%; 1.2%, 95% CI 0.2–2.1%; and 1.1%, 95% CI 0.6–1.6%, P<.01), surgical site infections (5.9%, 95% CI 4.3–7.5%; 3.1%, 95% CI 1.6–4.7%; and 3.7%, 95% CI 2.8–4.6%, P=.01), genitourinary complications (10.9%, 95% CI 8.8–13%; 17.7%, 95% CI 14.3–21%; and 13.6%, 95% CI 12–15.3%, P<.01), and medical complications (7.4%, 95% CI 5.7–9.2%; 7.8%, 95% CI 5.5–10.2%; and 4.4%, 95% CI 3.4–5.4%, P<.01; all after abdominal sacrocolpopexy, uterosacral, and sacrospinous ligament suspensions, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Vaginal apical suspensions compared with abdominal sacrocolpopexy with synthetic mesh are associated with lower rates of postoperative 30-day readmission without an increase in prolapse recurrence among older women.
Oregon's Hard-Stop Policy Limiting Elective Early-Term Deliveries
Authors: Snowden Jonathan M. , Muoto Ifeoma , Darney Blair G. , Quigley Brian , Tomlinson Mark W. , Neilson Duncan , Friedman Steven A. , Rogovoy Joanne , Caughey Aaron B.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association of Oregon's hard-stop policy limiting early elective deliveries (before 39 weeks of gestation) and the rate of elective early-term inductions and cesarean deliveries and associated maternal–neonatal outcomes.

METHODS:

This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of Oregon births between 2008 and 2013 using vital statistics data and multivariable logistic regression models. Our exposure was the Oregon hard-stop policy, defined as the time periods prepolicy (2008–2010) and postpolicy (2012–2013). We included all term or postterm, cephalic, nonanomalous, singleton deliveries (N=181,034 births). Our primary outcomes were induction of labor and cesarean delivery at 37 or 38 weeks of gestation without a documented indication on the birth certificate (ie, elective early term delivery). Secondary outcomes included neonatal intensive care unit admission, stillbirth, macrosomia, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal death.

RESULTS:

The rate of elective inductions before 39 weeks of gestation declined from 4.0% in the prepolicy period to 2.5% during the postpolicy period (P<.001); a similar decline was observed for elective early-term cesarean deliveries (from 3.4% to 2.1%; P<.001). There was no change in neonatal intensive care unit admission, stillbirth, or assisted ventilation prepolicy and postpolicy, but chorioamnionitis did increase (from 1.2% to 2.2%, P<.001; adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.80–2.09).

CONCLUSIONS:

Oregon's statewide policy to limit elective early-term delivery was associated with a reduction in elective early-term deliveries, but no improvement in maternal or neonatal outcomes.