bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIES OF RUSSIAN VERTICALLY INTEGRATED OIL COMPANIES IN THE GLOBAL MARKET
Authors: Golomedov V. I.
Published: June 2021

In this artıcle the analysis of the main directions of the strategic development of Russian vertically integrated oil companies is made including international expansion and development of relations with foreign partners and investors, mergers and aquisitions policy, global technology and qualified employees exchange, investments into research and development. Development of the global market brings processes of vertical integration to the international level, therefore one of the most urgent challenges facing the modern Russian vertically integrated oil companies is development of the new optimized strategy corresponding to global challenges and national priorities. The main strategic development’s directions of the Russian vertically integrated oil companies are described. For the companies accumulated significant financial resources, the priority is to actively enter the global market and to create the formation of transnational structures, which is due not only to the factors of globalization, but with very low efficiency and security of investments in the energy sector of Russia. The new strategy should promote increase the volume of oil production and petroleum products. Creation of vertically integrated companies leads to effective distribution of the factors of economic globalization. Instead of classic advantage factors comes global competitive advantages. First of all it is the ability to effectively distribute in time and place factors of economic activity using their advantage caused by their mobility. International expansion of Russian vertically integrated oil companies diversifies risks and makes the companies more sustainable. Futher diversification and integration of Russian companies is expected both In straight and reverse directions. Applying the strategy of vertical integration provides effective economic activity with high investment return.
ACCESSIONS OF KYRGYSTAN TO THE CUSTOMS UNION: PRECONDITIONS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors: Evdokimova O. M.
Published: June 2021

The aspiration to associate in new integration structures, such as the CIS and EurAsEC, came to change to dezintegratsionny processes after disintegration of the Soviet Union. This article is devoted to a problem of development and deepening of degree of interrelation between CIS countries in such associations, as EurAsEC and EEP, to stages of formation of integration groups. The special attention is paid to one of the most topical issues – prospect of accession of Kyrgyzstan to the Customs Union. The following aspects are distinguished from favorable consequences of decision-making on accession for Kyrgyzstan:– sustainable development of economy and cooperation with other countries from Custom Union in long-term prospect; – attraction of additional investments into national economy;– liberalization of the legislation on migration, improvement of working conditions for migrants, growth of the budgetary income of host countries, formation of new workplaces;– economic and political support of Russia and other participating countries of EEP. As negative consequences are called probability of outflow of the qualified and unqualified labor from Kyrgyzstan and possible falling of Chinese goods' import because of cancellation of the simplified order of declaring. In the article it is spoken about the main measures accepted by the participating countries of the Custom Union and Kyrgyzstan for acceleration of inclusions process of the Kyrgyz republic in structure of the Customs union. The author comes to the conclusion that integration of Kyrgyzstan into the Customs union will lift economy of Kyrgyzstan which becomes a component of huge intercontinental economic association – the Custom Union and EEP - on new qualitative level. This factor will increase investment appeal of the country for foreign partners, becomes the guarantor of development of the long-term mutually advantageous relations.
THE POSSIBILITY OF THE GOLD STANDARD REINCARNATION
Authors: Kolganova M. D.
Published: June 2021

This article provides a chronology of events that led to the crisis of the modern financial system. Also, the author makes an assumption for the further development of global finances. Restoration of the gold standard in a particular seems to be one of these scenarios. The article describes the possible difficulties associated with the restoration of the gold standard in complete or partial form as well as the assumption of the possibility to introduce the gold standard in the framework of the regional integration BRICS.
CONDITIONS OF TRANSACTION VALIDITY UNDER RUSSIAN AND FRENCH LAW
Authors: Vershinina, E. V. , Stakheeva J. A.
Published: June 2021

In the article the authors give the main characteristics of conditions of transaction validity according to the Russian and French law. In Russia, as well as in France, a transaction (agreement) which does not meet any of these conditions may be recognized as invalid in part or in full. The conditions of transaction validity are not specified directly in Russian laws, in contrast to the French legislation. Russian lawyers share the opinion that the conditions of transaction validity include the following: the content and the legal result of the transaction must not contradict to law; individuals and legal entities performing the transaction, must have capacity to be a party to the transaction; the expressed will of the transaction party must correspond to its actual will; the will of the transaction party must be expressed in due form. French legislation, in particular, the French Civil Code in the Article 1108 directly specifies the following conditions of transaction (agreement) validity: the party, which undertakes its obligations, must express its consent; the parties must have the capacity to make an agreement; certain subject, which represents the obligation's content; causa of the obligation. Article 1108 of the FCC does not contain direct provisions regarding the form of the transaction. However, in order to be valid, the transaction must be executed in certain legally established form. Also the article deals with the main common and different features in Russian and French legislation and doctrine.
NORDIC COOPERATION IN CULTURE AND EDUCATION
Authors: Vodopyanov V. S.
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to the Nordic cooperation in culture and education as a basis of the subregional integration. Nordic countries actively develop interaction in these spheres today both because of the common historical and cultural roots and values and due to pragmatic reasons. Thus, it performs an important utilitarian function by serving the needs of the common labour market in the Nordic region, which faces challenging problems, such as low birth rates and aging of the population. It is formation and development of the common cultural, linguistic, educational, and social space that increase the effectiveness of the Nordic labour market. Special attention in the article is paid to specific tools and forms of cooperation in culture and education aimed at expert personnel training and easy enculturation of Nordic citizens in any country of the region. Wide range of instruments includes co-funded specialized organizations, committees, inter-state cultural funds, theme-based cultural programmes, regional projects and mobility projects, Northern cultural forums, the Nordic Council Prize, etc.
QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN JAPAN’S POLICY IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY SECURITY IN 2013
Authors: Streltsov D. V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the qualitative changes that have taken place in the course of Japan in the field of military security in December 2012 after the rise of the second Abe Cabinet. These changes include tightening of the policy towards China, stronger defense policy coordination with the countries concerned with the growth of Beijing's military ambitions, as well as the revision of the basic strategy of defense capacity-building.A special place in Tokyo’s new policy was taken by the moves aimed at revising the Constitution. Constitutional reform is seen in Tokyo as a sort of milestone marking the end of the postwar Japanese history when Japan held the position of the "junior partner" of the United States. However, even within the framework of the Constitution the Abe Cabinet strives to achieve a full legitimization of the self-defense forces’ missions outside Japan, formally to maintain peace and security, but essentially to meet the requirements of the Security Treaty.The author concludes that the future policy of Japan in the field of military security will be to a large extent determined by the situation around the territorial dispute with China. Apparently, the Chinese ships’ patrolling of the areas around the Senkaku will become a routine practice, and Japan will have to if you do not accept, but at least to get used to a permanent Chinese presence in the disputed waters. Thus, the question is how to establish bilateral mechanisms of preventing escalation of tension to the stage of an armed conflict.Key words: Japan, the Constitution, the National Security Council, the restrictions on the export of arms, the right of collective self-defense, territorial dispute, the UN Convention on the law of the sea, the Shangri-La dialogue.
ABOUT SEMANTICS OF WORD FORMATION ON FRENCH MATERIAL
Authors: Tsybova I. A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the paper is to show how to study the semantics of word-formation by new paradigm. The intermediate character of word-formation is one of causes of the complexity of its semantics. Structural linguistics did not find the explanation of such questions as addition of the sense of derived words, semantics of polysemantic derived words by its methods. So these problems can be settled by new methods: cognitive paradigm (cognitivediscoursive approach) using such notions as concept, inference, proposition, prototype. Results: the derivational paradigm can be represented as a propositional structure and one of derivational type as the prototype of derivational category. Text facilitates to determine the meaning of polysemantic derived words. Thanks to inference we receive knowledge about words beyond the text. It is possible to deal with synonymic formants and antonymy of derived words. Each of these problems deserves to be studied separately.
T.V. Zonova – ‘The Honored Science Worker of the Russian Federation’
Authors: Melikhov I. A.
Published: June 2021

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THE USA AND JAPAN IN WORLD POLITICS
Authors: Volkov S. V.
Published: June 2021

The complexity and importance of the study of the U.S. – Japan relations in world politics requires continuous improvement of scientific methods. However, works which would analyze the U.S. – Japan relations as a single organism are practically nonexistent. The article analyzes the U.S. – Japan relations as a whole integrative system with a specific structure. The institutionalization of the American- Japanese system, its interaction with world politics are considered especially. The author determines structure of the system, detects leading interactions between its elements, examines the integrity of the American-Japanese system, its levels and hierarchy, dynamics of functioning. The study attempts to prove the author’s methodology which considers bilateral U.S. – Japan institutions as the basis of the American – Japanese system. As part of this methodology the conjugation between the system of bilateral American- Japanese institutions and world politics is analyzed. The dependence of the system on world politics and the dependence of world politics on changes in the U.S. – Japan relations are also revealed. As a result of the study an integral picture of the U.S. – Japan relations is demonstrated. The logic and patterns of their development are determined. It is shown that globalization, changes in balance of power, emergence of a vast number of non-state actors on a world stage changed and continue to change U.S. – Japan relations. What is more, the transformation of the U.S. – Japan relations is the transformation of world politics itself.
THE COMPETENCE-BASED FOCUSED FORMS OF ESTIMATION OF PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN-LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE (CRITERIA ESTIMATION)
Authors: Mazaieva I. A.
Published: June 2021

The article contains a description of an experimental criterion referenced assessment marking schemes design based on the theory of the socio-cultural approach to cognitive development (Zimnaya I.A.). The article envisages the progress in ESP writing and speaking skills as a part of cognitive development and suggests a cognitive development oriented progression of communication tasks necessary to reach the required ESP learning outcomes - communicative competence in ESP. It also contains a pedagogical strategy of developing criteria-referenced descriptors of performance assessment which serve as guidelines for teachers as well as a strategy of developing checking lists for students. The article provides some significant insights into the effect of criteria- referenced assessment on teacher and student development.
The Speech for Students and Professors of MGIMO-University on September 2, 2013
Authors: Lavrov S. V.
Published: June 2021

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Restoration of Diplomatic Relations with Spain and Conclusion of the First Disarmament Agreement with USA
Authors: Anikeeva N. E. , Dubinin Y. V.
Published: June 2021

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DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX SOCIUM: A HUMANISTIC TURN
Authors: Kravchenko S. A.
Published: June 2021

The author analyzes new vulnerabilities appeared as a result of the becoming of the complex socium that has become a topical subject of debate in social science. It is shown that these vulnerabilities manifest new risks for the functioning of the society and its members. The self-sufficiency of the modern society is in real danger: the formation of a complex society passed the barrier, after which the viability of the society is by no means guaranteed. On the one hand, society can hardly keep up with the increasing chaos of values and normative referents , undermining its internal functioning adequately, on the other hand, it is obvious that the relationship between social and natural systems significantly impaired. There appeared vulnerabilities in the form of unintended consequences of the openness of the society, that increases the production of new marginalized groups – people who are not temporarily unemployed, but those who do not adapt to the cultural innovations of the open society. The complex socium has the potential of new catastrophes provoked by “normal accidents”. For solving these problems there proposed a humanistic turn that presupposes the integration of Sociology with hard and humanitarian sciences. It will be an intellectual instrument for overcoming the appeared challenges. The article discusses five vulnerabilities appearance is caused by the emergence of a complex society.
MODELS OF GOVERNMENTAL CRISIS COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Gryzunova E. A.
Published: June 2021

The research deals with the information system of public administration aimed at decision-making and communication with the society in a crisis. The system’s functionality depends on adequacy of goal-setting and on correspondence of the chosen strategy to a crisis type which differ by social response. The author substantiates traditional model of crisis communications and information management for solving conflict crises, while consensus crises require participative model, and polemic crises are recommended to be managed by negotiation and dialogue facilitation model. The negotiation and dialogue facilitation model for managing polemic crises is aimed at realization of a communicative action concept advocated by J. Habermas. As long as modern complex crises require participation of multiple actors which have different visions of a crisis situation and specific interests, “crisis decision making in such context can be seen as a negotiation process” [16]. On the level of information processing the primary step is to discover both major crisis tendencies in each of the core social systems, and social groups whose opinions and interests should be considered. After that definition of possible crisis triggers, forecasting and crisis planning are realized taking into consideration interests and expert recommendations of different social groups’ representatives. Two basic ways of coordination are suggested: public discussion of issues, or collaborative problem-solving. The first way requires organization of a public dialogue in a form of discussion, citizen jury, or negotiations. Coordination through collaborative problem-solving implies fragmentation of a complex subject which means reducing it into concrete practical questions that require discussion and decision-making. Communication within the framework of the described model is remarkable for the supra-communicative practice of facilitating the interaction of the crisis management participants.
THE PRESENTATION OF SELF IN THE ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORK
Authors: Shirmazanyan A. A.
Published: June 2021

The author analyzes online social network as a social institute of a virtual type where individuals can present themselves to others by means of special practices. At the same time he indicates that these practices are similar to real ones by their relative equality in particular space and time due to reflexivity of actors. There are three major functional regulators of users behavior in online social network: 1) quantitative restrictions on self presentation determined by information formats; 2) qualitative matter of self presentation conditioned on norms of Russian and International legislations; 3) rituals of virtual interaction. The study shows what role VK-user profile plays in modern human interactions and how it affects communication practices. Case-study analysis of the standard form of VK-user profile allowed to learn the features of communication tools of the social network that on the whole are used for exchanging self-presentation data between its users. The author particularly focuses on instrumental capabilities of a section of VK-user profile form called “Personal views” that includes closed questions about existential and social values. A person can partially present him/her self in the network by selecting a short templated response to each closed question from a narrow range of alternatives. The study also considers the functions of authorized pages of celebrities who are some kind of “significant others” to their multiple admirers.
P.A.Melikhov: Diplomat and Scientist
Authors: Dolgov V. I.
Published: June 2021

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Presentation of the Book «K.N. Leontiev. Notes and Reports»
Authors: Litvak N. V.
Published: June 2021

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THE CURRENT STATE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF WATER AND POWER PROBLEMS IS CENTRAL - THE ASIAN REGION
Authors: Gusev L. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with a current situation of water problems of Central Asia. It is noted that problems in this sphere began in the thirties the 20th century. The author specifies that in long-term prospect the problem of water management in the Central Asian region will become aggravated because of high rates of an increase in population. It is spoken about contradictions between the states in the hydro-electric sphere, noted that the states of Central Asia, most likely, can't develop new approach to joint development of an energy potential of the region, and the mechanism of management of hydro-electric resources which would answer the political, economic and ecological goals of each state. It is said that now, each of the countries of the Central Asian region seeks to solve a water problem unilaterally, favorable only to it. The author defines the main contradiction that interests of the countries users water resources don't coincide. Some countries want to use water in an irrigational mode, others – in a power mode. As a result of it also there is a conflict situation. It is specified that in an irrigational mode water resources need to be spent in summer, and in a power operating mode the main water consumption is used in winter. It is noted in article that as in the territory of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan lands generally for agriculture are located, these countries being in lower reaches, are interested to use water resources in an irrigational mode. As for interests of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan located in highlands and having only limited reserves of oil and gas, they mostly use water in a power mode. The special attention in article is paid to hydroenergy resources of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan because these states possess their considerable stocks. Possible measures for stabilization of the situation for this problem are considered. On this basis some recommendations for Russia’s policy in this question are formulated.
AN UP-TO-DATE FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSEBOOK: FROM PAPER TO ELECTRONIC VERSION
Authors: Kravtsova O. A. , Novikov D. N.
Published: June 2021

The article attempts to articulate the conceptual characteristics of an up-to-date tertiary-level foreign language coursebook. In order to meet the requirements of modern national educational standards and be in line with the aims of foreign language teaching, a new generation coursebook, whether printed or electronic, is to be based on a set of such general didactic principles as competency-based approach, interdisciplinary approach, multilevel approach, modularity, and proximal development as well as such specific language teaching principles as authenticity, up-to-dateness, informativeness, and functionality. The authors substantiate the need for an integrative approach to developing an innovative coursebook, which consists in blending a printed and an electronic version, thus allowing for a more optimal organisation of the teaching-learning process due to a more rational proportion between classroom and self-study activities. The effective organisation of the process, in its turn, is instrumental in achieving the aims and goals of foreign language teaching. New generation coursebooks can be used not only to organise independent and self-study activities of full-time students of higher education, but also to provide a basis for various forms of distant learning, which will enable up-country students to receive high-quality (language) education.
THE PROBLEM OF EQUALENT TRANSLATION OF ONIMS FROM GERMAN INTO RUSSIAN
Authors: Chigasheva M. A.
Published: June 2021

The given paper deals with certain lexical peculiarities of contemporary German sociopolitical discourse which may cause certain difficulties when translating into Russian. The interest in the lexical system is deliberate as this system is the most dynamic level of a language and as it reflects all the changes of the outside world. The main emphasis in it is placed on common nouns and proper names as well as on the lexical units formed as a result of the deonimization process. The distinctive feature of the modern German language is popularity of such lexical tokens as the linguistic expressive means, their clearly expressed negative connotation and the loss of relatedness with concrete people. The study of proper names and common names, created by the former including the comparative aspect may be of practical interest particularly at the lessons of the socio-political translation, as well as from the point of cultural linguistics since such lexical units express the specificity of the cultural background of the German native speaker. The deonimization process has universal character and is common for many European languages. Its study, in the comparative aspect, becomes extraordinary relevant especially today due to the process of globalisation when intercultural contacts gain special importance. Besides, proper names cross the language borders easily, however, if they contain changed meanings, they can cause a misunderstanding and as a result even a distortion. The main purpose of socio-political translation classes in a university is the development of the professional competence as well as the linguistic one. These lexical peculiarities have special importance as in the final analysis they will let graduates accomplish communicative tasks in their professional sphere.
Pembuahan Jeruk Siam (Citrus microcarpa L.) di Luar Musim dengan Perlakuan Induksi Pembungaan dan Zat Pemecah Dormansi
Authors: RUMADA I WAYAN , RAI I NYOMAN , DWIYANI RINDANG
Published: June 2021

Fertilization outside the season of Siam Orange (Citrus microcarpa L.) with Induction of Flowering and Dormancy Breaking Substances. The Siam orange (Citrus microcarpa L.) produces seasonal fruit with the on-season harvest from July to August while the off-season harvest, i.e. from February to September there is hardly any fruit, or very limited supply. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of flowering induction and dormancy-breaking substances to produce off-season fruits of Siam orange. This research began in April to December 2016. The experiment was arranged factorially with two factors using a randomized block design (RBD), with nine combination treatments and six replications. Flowering induction factors consist of three levels, namely Ik = Control, IP = Paclobutrazol at a dose of 7.5 g/l, and Im = cutting the tip of dormant twigs. Dormancy-breaking substances factor consists of three levels, namely Dk = Control, Db = BAP 200 ppm, and Dn = KNO3 300 ppm. The results of the experiment showed that the highest fruit weight per tree at off-season production was obtained by induction with paklobutrazol (28.86 kg) and the lowest was in control (12.75 kg). Flowering induction treatments was not significantly different effect on fruit quality of Siam orange, represented by weight per fruits, fruit diemater, total soluble solid and vitamine C content was not siginificant different among levels of treatment. Dormancy-breaking substances treatment also not significantly effect on fruit quality of Siam orange. Based on this research it is recommended to induce flower for off-season produce of Siam orange by pruning the tips of dormant twigs or by using paklobutrzol.
Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan Gen acvB Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: SILALAHI DARWIN , WIRAWAN I GEDE PUTU , SRITAMIN MADE
Published: June 2021

Agrobacterium tumefaciens Mediated Genetic Transformation of acvB Gene in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Genetic transformations are now routinely applied to plant mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the most convenient technique. This study aimed to prove the success of A. tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation in potato. A. tumefaciens LBA (pBI 121) and explant of potato shoot were used in this study. Explants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog media. Transformation was implemented using smear technique by smearing A. tumefaciens to injured explant. Experimental groups consisted of two groups: control group which did not receive transformation treatment and treatment group receiving transformation treatment. Explant growth was observed through the presence of shoots, branches and the shoot height. Explants in the treatment group resulted in a higher number of shoots, branches, and shoot heights compared to control. Phenol compounds appear in explant epidermal tissue, indicating the wounds produced by A. tumefaciens infection, thus the gene predicted to be transformed. Identification by PCR is needed to prove the existence of the acvB gene in potato plants genome, using acvB specific PCR primer as the marker, such as (5?-CCCT CTAG AGAC CCGC GCCA AGGCG-3?) and (5?CGCG TCGA CCTT GTCG GAAAG -3?) with 540-bp in base pair size produced.
Intrusion Detection System Berbasis Seleksi Fitur Dengan Kombinasi Filter Information Gain Ratio Dan Correlation
Authors: Putri Nitami Lestari , Nugroho Radityo Adi , Herteno Rudy
Published: June 2021

Intrusion Detection System merupakan suatu sistem yang dikembangkan untuk memantau dan memfilter aktivitas jaringan dengan mengidentifikasi serangan. Karena jumlah data yang perlu diperiksa oleh IDS sangat besar dan banyaknya fitur-fitur asing yang dapat membuat proses analisis menjadi sulit untuk mendeteksi pola perilaku yang mencurigakan, maka IDS perlu mengurangi jumlah data yang akan diproses dengan cara mengurangi fitur yang dapat dilakukan dengan seleksi fitur. Pada penelitian ini mengkombinasikan dua metode perangkingan fitur yaitu Information Gain Ratio dan Correlation dan mengklasifikasikannya menggunakan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor. Hasil perankingan dari kedua metode dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Pada kelompok pertama dicari nilai mediannya dan untuk kelompok kedua dihapus. Lalu dilakukan klasifikasi K-Nearest Neighbor dengan menggunakan 10 kali validasi silang dan dilakukan pengujian dengan nilai k=5. Penerapan pemodelan yang diusulkan menghasilkan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 99.61%. Sedangkan untuk akurasi tanpa seleksi fitur menghasilkan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 99.59%.

 

Abstract

Intrusion Detection System is a system that was developed for monitoring and filtering activity in network with identified of attack. Because of the amount of the data that need to be checked by IDS is very large and many foreign feature that can make the analysis process difficult for detection suspicious pattern of behavior, so that IDS need for reduce amount of the data to be processed by reducing features that can be done by feature selection. In this study, combines two methods of feature ranking is Information Gain Ratio and Correlation and classify it using K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The result of feature ranking from the both methods divided into two groups. in the first group searched for the median value and in the second group is removed. Then do the classification of  K-Nearest Neighbor using 10 fold cross validation and do the tests with values k=5. The result of the  proposed modelling produce the highest accuracy of 99.61%. While the highest accuracy value of the not using the feature selection is 99.59%.
Evolución de la oferta laboral del departamento Amazonas, Perú 2004-2019
Authors: Casiano Inga Denys Aldair , Cueva Vega Edinson , Casiano Inga Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis de la evolución de la oferta laboral del departamento Amazonas entre 2004 y 2019. El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental del tipo longitudinal de tendencia y con enfoque cuantitativo. Para esto se analizó el conjunto de series temporales referidos a la oferta laboral (Población en Edad de Trabajar (PET) y Población Económicamente Activa (PEA)) dividas por niveles de empleo, estructuras de mercado, ramas de actividad económica, nivel educativo e ingreso laboral. Los resultados mostraron una tasa de desempleo promedio de 1.42%, reducción del subempleo de 20.34 puntos porcentuales y una tasa de actividad promedio de 78%. Así también, la existencia de oferta laboral con bajos niveles de capital humano (46.34% de la PEA sólo tuvo nivel primario) y bajos niveles de ingreso (22.28% en promedio de la PEA no tuvo ingresos). Estos resultados permiten concluir que la oferta laboral para el departamento Amazonas entre 2004 y 2019 tuvo una evolución positiva, explicada por la caída del subempleo y el aumento de la tasa de actividad. Sin embargo, los altos niveles de subempleo y bajos niveles de capital humano e ingresos podrían ser causantes de deterioros en el mercado laboral. 
Comparación de efectos secado de taza de café catimor rojo (Coffea arabica) y café nacional típico
Authors: Silva Ramírez Meregildo , Santillan Santillan Luz Milene
Published: June 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar el efecto del secado del café catimor rojo y típico nacional a diferentes tiempos y procesos en el caserío de Huacacuro, Distrito de Chirinos. Se cosechó el café catimor rojo y nacional típico en su estado de madurez ambos productos se obtuvieron   de una parcela de una altitud de 700msnm, el coco de las dos variedades  fue seleccionado y secado  a través de los rayos solares  por un tiempo de 40 días a una temperatura de 23 a 25 °C, como también se  cosecho el café catimor rojo y nacional típico y fue fermentado, despulpado,  lavado ,y  secado por un tiempo de 15 días a una temperatura  de 23 a 25°C. La presente investigación es aplicada explicativa, tuvo como población de plantas de café del caserío de Huacacuro; utilizó como muestras 30 kilos de café catimor maduro   nacional típico maduro, fue seleccionado de forma aleatoria simple tratando de que sea representativa de todo el campo de cultivo. Las dos variedades fueron tostados y obtuvo las características de taza de café: Dulce, chocolate, almendras, mandarina y posgusto herbal el nacional típico en coco obteniendo 84 puntos por los expertos catadores de café.
Indicadores y patógenos fecales en el agua de bebida de la comunidad nativa Pakún, Amazonas
Authors: García Huamán Flor Teresa
Published: June 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar la presencia de indicadores y patógenos fecales en el agua de bebida de los pobladores de la comunidad nativa Pakún, Centro Poblado Chiriaco, Distrito de Imaza, Provincia de Bagua, Región Amazonas. El método de recolección de los datos fue probabilístico y sistemático, la muestra estuvo constituida por catorce muestras de agua de bebida de la comunidad nativa Pakún, recolectadas de trece viviendas y una de la captación de agua. Los indicadores fecales que se evaluaron fueron Coliformes totales y Coliformes fecales siguiendo la Técnica del Número Más Probable. Los patógenos fecales a evaluar fueron los géneros microbianos Salmonella y Shiguella mediante el Método de Recuento en Placa, siguiendo las técnicas de estría e incorporación. Se encontró que los indicadores fecales en el agua de bebida de los pobladores de la comunidad nativa Pakún son coliformes totales y coliformes fecales con valores máximos de 500 NMP/ml y 200 NMP/ml., respectivamente. Se concluye que el patógeno encontrado pertenece al género Salmonella. El ph fluctúa entre los valores de 6.22 a 6.46, lo que favorece la presencia de las bacterias antes mencionadas.
Patologías en el cerco perimétrico de la I.E. N° 16211, Utcubamba, Amazonas, 2020
Authors: Carrero Alarcon Jorge Alexander , Aguilar Rojas Manuel Eduardo , Díaz Jáuregui Guillermo Arturo
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación, se realizó con el objetivo de analizar las patologías que determinaron el nivel de severidad del concreto en el cerco perimétrico de la I.E. N° 16211, Bagua Grande, Utcubamba, Amazonas, de longitud de 175.71m, que presentó múltiples patologías desarrolladas durante sus 30 años de vida útil. Se usó fichas específicas de observación visual, de evaluación de unidad muestral, se empleó tablas de evaluación por patología de cada unidad muestral, finalizando con la tabla de evaluación general de la unidad muestral. El área total analizada fue 551.84 m2, presentando área con patología de 105.48 m2 correspondiente al 19.11 % El tipo de patología más frecuente y predominante en todas las unidades muestrales fue la GRIETA con un área total de 28.44 m2, equivalente al 5.15% de todas las patologías, el tipo de patología menos predominante es el DESPRENDIMIENTO con un área total de 3.38 m2, equivalente al 0.61 % de todas las patologías, el nivel de severidad en el cerco perimétrico fue LEVE (5.34 %), MODERADO (8.31 %) y SEVERO (5.46 %). Se concluye que el nivel de severidad predominante de la estructura del cerco perimétrico I.E. N° 16211, Bagua Grande, Utcubamba, Amazonas, es de grado MODERADO.
Eficiencia de Nasturtium officinale W T. Aiton y Zantedeschia aethiopica L. en la remoción de materia orgánica de aguas residuales domésticas
Authors: Herrera Chavez Lesly Llocely
Published: June 2021

El estudio de plantas acuáticas con potencial biorremediador de aguas residuales, permite conocer su aplicación en zonas rurales. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficiencia de las plantas acuáticas Nasturtium officinale y Zantedeschia aethiopica en el tratamiento del agua residual doméstica. Para llevarlo a cabo se diseñó e implementó el sistema de tratamiento con ambas especies consistente en estanques de vidrio, con sustrato de carbón de leña, arena y grava; donde se sembraron las especies acuáticas citadas; se procedió con el período de adaptación de ambas especies. Luego se realizaron los análisis fisicoquímicos de las muestras antes y después del tratamiento, obteniendo los datos y realizando un análisis de T-Student y gráficos estadísticos. Se encontró que la planta acuática Zantedeschia aethiopica es más eficiente para remover la materia orgánica, ya que esta alcanzó un 89%, a diferencia de Nasturtium officinale obtuvo un 79.5% de remoción en promedio.
Efecto del genotipo de Cavia porcellus en indicadores de reproducción y progenie, distrito Luya, Amazonas
Authors: Tafur Sanchez Jelber
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del genotipo de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en indicadores de reproducción y progenie en el distrito de Luya, Amazonas. Se utilizaron 30 cuyes hembras y 05 cuyes machos reproductores de la línea sintética INIA, genotipo Cieneguilla UNALM, y genotipo Luya (Corporación Amazonas R&G S.A.C.) haciendo un total de 105 cuyes reproductores (90 ♀ y 15 ♂), distribuidos en tres tratamientos (T1: cuyes de la línea sintética, T2: cuyes genotipo Cieneguilla y T3: cuyes del genotipo luya) y cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. El experimento fue un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Parámetros evaluados para el comportamiento reproductivo: tamaño de camada, tiempo empadre-parto, índice productivo, peso de reproductoras al inicio, peso de reproductores al destete y mortalidad; para el comportamiento productivo de la progenie se evaluó: peso nacimiento, peso primera semana, peso al destete y mortalidad. Las diferencias no resultaron significativas (p ˂ 0.05) entre los tratamientos, pero si se encontraron diferencias numéricamente donde los resultados mostraron que: los cuyes del genotipo Cieneguilla presentaron mayor tamaño de camada (2,80 crías por parto), menor tiempo de empadre-parto (76,53 días), mejor índice productivo (0.85), mayor número de crías destetadas (2,57) y mejores pesos de reproductoras al destete (1234.9g). En la evaluación de la progenie la línea sintética INIA presentó mejores valores: mayor peso al nacimiento (133,80g) y mejor peso al destete (267,03g). En conclusión, el genotipo Cieneguilla presentó mejores valores de reproducción y la línea sintética INIA como mejor en progenie.
The Call for African Missional Consciousness through Renewed Mission Praxis in URCSA
Authors: Baron Eugene
Published: June 2021

The Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) has since its inception always celebrated its prophetic and missional heritage from all the avenues of the black church. However, it remains crucial to reflect whether this can be ascribed only to a few individuals and whether the struggle against injustice was nurtured on “grassroots” level. The black churches in their own right have certainly made significant contributions during the apartheid years. However, the impact of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) on the black wing of the church, in terms of its mission thought and practice, will still be felt by the newly established church (URCSA) for some years to come. Therefore, this contribution focuses specifically on the mission praxis that has been apparent in the DRC in the Cape since 1652, but it will also subsequently discuss various historical developments in terms of mission thought and practice within the DRC family until 1994 and beyond—the 25 years since the existence of URCSA. The article will provide a fragmentary historical account aimed at presenting an idea of the thought and practice of mission before and after the establishment of URCSA. This paper argues—as part of a critical reflection on the said period—that URCSA should position itself in such a way that it does not perpetuate the patterns of mission thought and practice of the past. It would be crucial for the church to avoid the objectification of mission, as well as being too comfortable to focus on forming external partnerships, without tenaciously and intentionally establishing a praxis of African “missional consciousness” in URCSA.
A History of Gender Insensitivity in URCSA
Authors: Plaatjies Van Huffel Mary-Anne
Published: June 2021

This article utilises autoethnographical methodology to dissect the history of gender insensitivity in the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA). According to Carolyn Ellis (2010), autoethnography is an approach to research and writing that seeks to “describe and systematically analyze (graphy) personal experience (auto) in order to understand cultural experience (ethno).” Ellis (2004) states that autoethnography refers to writing about the personal and its relationship to culture. This paper utilises self-reflection to explore anecdotal personal experience and to connect this autobiographical story to wider understanding of gender in URCSA. Sandars (2009) defines reflection as a “metacognitive process that occurs before, during and after situations with the purpose of developing greater understanding of both the self and the situation …” This article concentrates on research grounded in personal experience. It aims to sensitise readers to issues of identity politics in URCSA. It will highlight experiences shrouded in silence within URCSA, and deepen knowledge about the struggles that women in ordained positions within URCSA have had to endure. Foucault (1982) describes three types of struggles: either against forms of domination; against forms of exploitation; or against that which ties the individual to himself and submits him to others. The article deconstructs the relationship between text and theory, praxis and context, and presents an alternative interpretation. It highlights central themes regarding women in ordained positions within URCSA, but focuses more on the sub themes: from ordination to academia; ordained women in leadership positions, the gender equity policy of URCSA; a milestone never embraced 1994–2005; inclusive language and the draft worship book of URCSA; women as delegates to ecumenical gatherings.
A Quarter Century of Democracy and the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa
Authors: Modise Leepo Johannes
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on the role of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) in the South African society during the past 25 years of its services to God, one another and the world. Firstly, the paper provides a brief history of URCSA within 25 years of its existence. Secondly, the societal situation in democratic South Africa is highlighted in light of Article 4 of the Belhar Confession and the Church Order as a measuring tool for the role of the church. Thirdly, the thermometer-thermostat metaphor is applied in evaluating the role of URCSA in democratic South Africa. Furthermore, the 20 years of URCSA and democracy in South Africa are assessed in terms of Gutierrez’s threefold analysis of liberation. In conclusion, the paper proposes how URCSA can rise above the thermometer approach to the thermostat approach within the next 25 years of four general synods.
The Incomplete Circle: Dialectics of Social Structure and Theological Conviction for Greater Unification in the DRC Family (1994–2016)
Authors: Grove Pieter Johannes
Published: June 2021

This essay proposes that despite an ingrained awareness in the Uniting Reformed Church and the other members of the Dutch Reformed Church family that church division was born from socio-political and theological factors, the orientation of all parties to the unification process was to prioritise the theological conviction side and downplay the socio-political, allowing it to function surreptitiously and essentially undermining the possibilities for greater progress. This essay will highlight the discourse of church assemblies indicating the trends and arguments relating to unification. It will secondly draw on the reflections of the Afro-American philosopher Cornel West to cast light on the tasks of any church unification process that strive to enhance both reconciliation and transformation. In the light of the theoretical framework of West, it will proceed to posit certain tasks that the unification process must address in order to make any sustained progress.
URCSA as an Impossible Community
Authors: Senokoane Boitumelo Ben
Published: June 2021

This article explores the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA), argues it as an “impossible community” and deliberates its existence as an “impossible possibility.” The argument stems from the arrival of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) as a faith, and eventually, a community called a church. The article contends that under normal circumstances, URCSA should not be in existence, yet it has survived for 25 years. The reasons for this survival shall be explored and argued. The Reformed doctrine, church history, and the composition of the church are employed to prove why I speak of an impossible community or an impossible possibility. The reasons provided shall form the basis of why we should celebrate the existence and sustenance of URCSA as an impossible community.
Of Prophecy, Mythmaking and Martyrdom in the Manche Masemola Narrative: I Will Be Baptised in my Blood
Authors: Mokgoatšana Sekgothe
Published: June 2021

This paper explores why the Anglican Church in Jane Furse used the Manche Masemola narrative to construct martyrdom. Like most hagiographies, Manche’s narrative is told to inspire admiration and reverence. It uses Manche as a model worthy of emulation by Christian converts. She is a product of two conflicting worlds, the imperial Christian world and that of the Bapedi. The story of Manche Masemola hinges on the claim of a prophecy: “I will be baptised in my blood.” The narrative imbues Manche with the power of this prophecy. This paper argues that the prophecy is part of a myth to authenticate church dogma and to validate conversion into Christianity when proselytising and evangelising were not warmly received. In that hostile environment, new recruits into Christianity needed to be strengthened and inspired to accept—and die—for their new faith. I will explore the controversies of the prophecy; its origins and place in the narrative; and finally examine the testimony provided to construct martyrdom. Although I draw on a few primary sources from the Anglican archives, I largely use secondary data to explain why it was necessary that Manche was to be turned into a martyr to achieve religious and missionary goals.
Environmental Degradation: What is the Role of the Church in Environmental Conservation in Kenya from 1963–2019?
Authors: Kiarie George Kuria
Published: June 2021

The 21st century is characterised by the massive destruction of Mother Earth, particularly the clearing of indigenous forests that are major water catchment areas and the sources of most Kenyan rivers. As a result, many Kenyan rivers are drying up. The ripple effect of this is an acute water shortage in most Kenyan cities, leading to water rationing in some parts and in other parts the appearance of dry taps. Also, due to the high rate of deforestation and the resultant destruction of wild animal habitat, some species are now on the verge of extinction. Furthermore, careless and irresponsible disposal of industrial waste has culminated in environmental pollution, which has in turn lead to the death of aquatic life. The church is an integral part of society and has played a significant role in the life of human beings on earth. In Kenya, the church has been a force to reckon with since independence in 1963 and, in the 1990s, the creation of our multiparty system. Her outstanding contributions in social, economic and political spheres of life are undisputed. However, her marginal role and voice in environmental conservation, which is also a divine mandate and core mission, have been conspicuously absent. It is this low profile, and this church aloofness in matters of environmental degradation, that have prompted the present article seeking to examine the role of the church in mitigating the worsening environmental degradation trend in Kenya and in Africa at large.