bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature annealing and graphitizing of white‐solidified low‐alloy cast irons
Authors: Kante S. , Leineweber A. , Holst A. , Buchwalder A.
Published: June 2019

Hypoeutectic iron‐carbon and iron‐carbon‐silicon model alloys as well as conventional cast irons GJL‐250mod and EN‐GJS‐600‐3 have been produced and processed by different solidification techniques, i. e. mold casting, electron beam surface remelting and melt spinning. The white‐solidified alloys exhibit different degrees of microstructural refinement indicated by a secondary dendrite arm spacing of 0.3 μm–12 μm. The effects of microstructural refinement and silicon content on the hardness as well as on coarsening of cementite and graphitizing at temperatures of 540 °C to 670 °C have been investigated. The hardness of the as‐solidified alloys increases with decreasing secondary dendrite arm spacing and increasing silicon content. High silicon content effectively retards coarsening of pearlitic cementite, and thus is beneficial to retain the hardness at small thermal load. On the downside, high degree of microstructural refinement and high silicon content promote and accelerate graphitizing at temperatures > 600 °C. The results are discussed in terms of the applicability of a recently developed two‐step surface treatment for cast irons, i. e. electron beam remelting followed by nitriding.
A study on microstructure of porous TiNbZr alloy produced as biomaterial
Authors: Kaya M. , Yakuphanoğlu F.
Published: June 2019

In the present study, titanium‐based biomaterial (Ti‐10Nb‐10Zr) with different porosity was fabricated by sintering at different temperatures. The porosity of fabricated samples is close to natural bone; also the compression strengths of the samples are higher than that of natural bone. The phases named α and β are seen in the microstructure of samples fabricated, but α phase partially converts into β phase with increasing sintering temperature. Porosity decreases with increasing sintering temperature, and compressive strength increases with decreasing porosity. Elastic modules of fabricated samples are close to natural bone, so these materials don't cause wear of bone.
A new mutL homolog 1 c.1896+5G>A germline mutation detected in a Lynch syndrome‐associated lung and gastric double primary cancer patient
Authors: Chen Xuyuan , Li Xiang , Liang Hongsen , Wei Lichun , Cui Qiang , Yao Ming , Wu Xu
Published: June 2019

Background

Mismatch‐repair genes (MMRs) ensure high fidelity in genome editing. Loss of function mutation of MMRs will lead to instability of the genome and increase the incidence of cancers. Human mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) is a member of the MMRs, and its mutation is found in Lynch syndrome (LS). In addition to the high incidence of colorectal cancer, LS patients often have other primary cancers. Here, a case of LS‐associated lung and gastric double primary cancer was reported.

Methods

Diagnosis of lung and gastric double primary cancer was mainly based on clinical findings, imaging examination, and histopathological data. The tumor tissues and blood samples were collected, and then genomic DNA was extracted and 450 cancer‐related gene alteration screening was conducted by next‐generation sequencing and the functional verification of a mutant gene was carried out using the PCR method.

Results

We detected the epidermal growth factor receptor L858R, MSH2 R929* and telomerase reverse transcriptase amplification in the lung cancer specimen; CDH1 c.1320+1G>T mutation in the gastric cancer (GC) specimen; and MLH1 c.1896+5G>A germline mutation in the lung and GC specimens by 450 cancer‐related gene mutations detection using next‐generation sequencing technology. MLH1c.1896+5G>A is a novel germline mutation, and it was verified by the PCR subsequently. It was found that it could affect the splicing of intron 16. Nine relatives of three‐generation of the patient were examined and the MLH1 c.1896+5G>A mutation and pedigree analysis were performed. The father's sister without cancer also carries this mutation.

Conclusion

Diagnosis of LS was mainly depended on the following: the cancer histories of his relatives, multi‐primary cancers of lung and stomach in his own body, MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations detected in the cancer tissues. The clinical significance of this new MLH1 c.1896+5G>A germline mutation detected in the LS‐associated double primary cancer patient needed further study.
Characterization of large deletions of the MECP2 gene in Rett syndrome patients by gene dosage analysis
Authors: Vidal Silvia , Pascual‐Alonso Ainhoa , Rabaza‐Gairí Marc , Gerotina Edgar , Brandi Nuria , Pacheco Paola , Xiol Clara , Pineda Mercè ,   Rett Working Group, Armstrong Judith
Published: June 2019

Background

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a developmental disorder with an early onset and X‐linked dominant inheritance pattern. It is first recognized in infancy and is seen almost always in girls, but it may be seen in boys on rare occasions. Typical RTT is caused by de novo mutations of the gene MECP2 (OMIM*300005), and atypical forms of RTT can be caused by mutations of the CDKL5 (OMIM*300203) and FOXG1 (OMIM*164874) genes.

Methods

Approximately 5% of the mutations detected in MECP2 are large rearrangements that range from exons to the entire gene. Here, we have characterized the deletions detected by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in the gene MECP2 of 21 RTT patients. Breakpoints were delineated by DNA‐qPCR until the amplification of the deleted allele by long‐PCR was possible.

Results

This methodology enabled us to characterize deletions ranging from 1,235 bp to 85 kb, confirming the partial or total deletion of the MECP2 gene in all these patients. Additionally, our cases support the evidence claiming that most of these breakpoints occur in some restricted regions of the MECP2 gene.

Conclusion

These molecular data together with the clinical information enable us to propose a genotype–phenotype correlation, which is essential for providing genetic counseling.
Periodic solution and its stability of a delayed Beddington‐DeAngelis type predator‐prey system with discontinuous control strategy
Authors: Li Wenjie , Huang Lihong , Ji Jinchen
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the periodic solution of a delayed Beddington‐DeAngelis (BD) type predator‐prey model with discontinuous control strategy. Firstly, the regularity and visibility analysis of the delayed predator‐prey model is carried out by using the principle of differential inclusion. Secondly, the positiveness and boundeness of the solution is discussed by employing the comparison theorem. Based on the boundary conditions of the model and the Mawhin‐like coincidence theorem, it is shown that the solution of the delayed BD system is asymptotically stable in finite time. Furthermore, it is found that there exists at least one periodic solution of the nonautonomous delayed predator‐prey model by using the principle of topological degree and set value mapping. Specially, when the nonautonomous delayed BD system degenerates into an autonomous system, some criteria are obtained to guarantee the convergence behavior of the harvesting solutions for the corresponding autonomous delayed BD system. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of main results. It is worthy to point out that the discontinuous control strategy is superior to the continuous harvesting policies adopted in existing literature.
Comparison of the Effects of Green and Black Tea Extracts on Na+/K+‐ATPase Activity in Intestine of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Qu Fengfeng , Liu Shuyuan , He Chang , Zhou Jingtao , Zhang Shanming , Ai Zeyi , Chen Yuqiong , Yu Zhi , Ni Dejiang
Published: June 2019

Scope

Na+/K+‐ATPase is an important membrane‐bound enzyme and high levels of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in intestine result in increased monosaccharide absorption and aggravated undesirable postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic. The aim is to characterize the effects of green and black tea extracts on the intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase.

Methods and results

The STZ‐induced type 1 diabetic mice model and high‐fat diet combined with low‐dose STZ‐induced type 2 diabetic mice model are used in this study and the data indicate that both green and black tea extracts show significant hypoglycemic effect. The Na+/K+‐ATPase activities in intestine associated with glucose absorption are increased in type 1 diabetic mice, while those are even normal in type 2 diabetic mice. Green and black tea extracts can attenuate type 1 diabetes‐induced intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia. Black tea is more effective than green tea in reducing of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and protein expression. Theaflavins are the major functional components of black tea and theaflavine‐3,3′‐digallate presents the strongest inhibitory effect exhibiting anticompetition with ATP and mixed inhibition with Na+ and K+.

Conclusion

Tea, especially black tea, can be considered a potential therapeutic agent against type 1 diabetes‐induced intestinal Na+/K+‐ATPase disturbance to control postprandial hyperglycemia.
Technical Note: Simulation of dose buildup in proton pencil beams
Authors: Kelleter Laurent , Zhen‐Hong Tham Benjamin , Saakyan Ruben , Griffiths Jennifer , Amos Richard , Jolly Simon , Gibson Adam
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to characterize the magnitude and depth of dose buildup in pencil beam scanning proton therapy.

Methods

We simulate the integrated depth–dose curve of realistic proton pencil beams in a water phantom using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit. We independently characterize the electronic and protonic components of dose buildup as a function of proton beam energy from 40 to 400 MeV, both with and without an air gap.

Results

At clinical energies, electronic buildup over a distance of about 1 mm leads to a dose reduction at depth of the basal layer (0.07 mm) by up to 6% compared to if no buildup effect were present. Protonic buildup reduces the dose to the basal layer by up to 16% and has effects at depths of up to 150 mm. Secondary particles with a mass number A > 1 do not contribute to dose buildup. An air gap of 1 m has no significant effect on protonic buildup but reduces electronic buildup below 1%.

Conclusions

Protonic and electronic dose buildup are relevant for accurate dosimetry in proton therapy although a realistic air gap reduces the electronic buildup to levels where it can be safely neglected. We recommend including electrons and secondary protons in Monte Carlo‐based treatment planning systems down to a predicted range of 10–20 μ m in order to accurately model the dose at depths of the basal layer, no matter the size of the air gap between nozzle and patient.
Partial volume correction for quantitative CEST imaging of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Msayib Y. , Harston G. W. J. , Sheerin F. , Blockley N. P. , Okell T. W. , Jezzard P. , Kennedy J. , Chappell M. A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Contributions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not been previously taken into account in the quantification of APT CEST effects, and correction for the dilution of CEST effects by CSF may allow for more robust measurement of CEST signals. The objective of this study was to compare the robustness of a partial volume (PV) correction model against a standard (4‐pool) multi‐pool model as far as their ability to quantify CEST effects in healthy, normal, and pathological tissue.

Methods

MRI data from 12 patients presenting with ischemic stroke, and 6 healthy subjects, were retrospectively analyzed. CEST signals derived from a 4‐pool model and a PV correction model were compared for repeatability and pathological tissue contrast. The effect of PV correction (PVC) was assessed within 3 ranges of tissue PV estimate (PVE): high PVE voxels, low PVE voxels, and the whole slice.

Results

In voxels with a high tissue PVE, PV correction did not make a significant difference to absolute . In low PVE voxels, the PVC model exhibited a significantly decreased ischemic core signal. The PVC measures exhibited higher repeatability between healthy subjects (4 pools: 3.4%, PVC: 2.4%) while maintaining a similar ischemic core CNR (0.7) to the 4‐pool model. In whole slice analysis it was found that both models exhibited similar results.

Conclusions

PV correction yielded a measure of APT effects that was more repeatable than standard 4‐pool analysis while achieving a similar CNR in pathological tissue, suggesting that PV‐corrected analysis was more robust at low values of tissue PVE.
Predictors of pain interference and potential gain from intervention in community dwelling adults with joint pain: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Blagojevic‐Bucknall Milica , Thomas Martin J. , Wulff Jerome , Porcheret Mark , Dziedzic Krysia S. , Peat George M. , Foster Nadine E. , Jowett Sue , van der Windt Danielle A.
Published: June 2019

Introduction

There is little research on identifying modifiable risk factors that predict future interference of pain with daily activity in people with joint pain, and the estimation of the corresponding population attributable risk (PAR). The present study therefore investigated modifiable predictors of pain interference and estimated maximum potential gain from intervention in adults with joint pain.

Methods

A population‐based cohort aged ≥50 years was recruited from eight general practices in North Staffordshire, UK. Participants (n = 1878) had joint pain at baseline lasting ≥3 months and indicated no pain interference. Adjusted associations of self‐reported, potentially modifiable prognostic factors (body mass index, anxiety/depressive symptoms, widespread pain, inadequate joint pain control, physical inactivity, sleep problems, smoking and alcohol intake) with onset of pain interference 3 years later were estimated via Poisson regression, and corresponding PAR estimates were obtained.

Results

Inadequate joint‐specific pain control, insomnia and infrequent walking were found to be independently significantly associated with the onset of pain interference after 3 years, with associated PARs of 6.3% (95% confidence interval −0.3, 12.4), 7.6% (−0.4, 15.0) and 8.0% (0.1, 15.2), respectively, with only the PAR for infrequent walking deemed statistically significant. The PAR associated with insomnia, infrequent walking and inadequate control of joint pain simultaneously was 20.3% (8.6, 30.4).

Conclusions

There is potential to reduce moderately the onset of pain interference from joint pain in the over‐50s if clinical and public health interventions targeted pain management and insomnia, and promoted an active lifestyle. However, most of the onset of significant pain interference in the over‐50s, would not be prevented, even assuming that these factors could be eliminated.
Focus on social media as vital element of graduate recruitment campaigns
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: June 2019

Stanley J. Kania III, Ph.D., M.B.A., has been involved in graduate enrollment management since 2011, when he was a graduate student and a graduate admissions counselor at Marywood University.
Mandelafying the public service in South Africa: Towards a new theory
Authors: Maramura Tafadzwa Clementine , Nzewi Ogochukwu Iruoma , Tirivangasi Happy Mathew , Hofisi Costa
Published: June 2019

A surfeit of service delivery disapprovals in South Africa is a clear reflection of the failure of the Public Service of South from the local, provincial, and national government to effectively and efficiently deliver service to its citizenry. The rise in a dissatisfied citizenry stems from a precise social realization, which envisions the failure of the state to deliver services to the public in an impartial, responsible, translucent, and befitting manner. This has resulted in widespread service delivery protests, which has become the most famous form of response to poor service delivery by frustrated citizens. This article argues for the mandelafication of the South African public service against the background of a cocktail of factors ranging from corruption, lack of transparency and accountability, incompetence, and lack of commitment to work ethics personified by Mandela. The article further argues for the upholding of the dominant constructs in which this mandelafication is grounded in such as proper ethics, humanitarianism, transparency, accountability, empathy, and selflessness, which characterized Nelson Mandela.
Investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer process for the novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzooxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid system
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Tianjie , Yang Dapeng
Published: June 2019

In view of the importance of excited state hydrogen bonding interactions and excited state proton transfer (ESPT) dynamical behaviors, in this work, we theoretically explore the excited state process for a novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzooxazole‐5‐carboxylicacid (DHPBC) system. On the basis of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, we reappear previous experimental reports with checking the reasonability of our theoretical level. We calculate and compare the primary geometrical parameters and hydrogen bonding energies around hydrogen bonding moieties, which reveals that the intramolecular hydrogen bond OH···N of DHPBC is enhanced in the S1 state. The increased electron densities around N atom contribute to attracting proton of hydroxyl upon the photoexcitation, which plays important roles in strengthening hydrogen bond and in facilitating excited state intra‐ or intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Via constructing potential energy curves along with the ESIPT path, we verify that the ESIPT process of DHPBC system is ultrafast because of the low potential energy barrier. That should be the reason why the normal emission of DHPBC cannot be detected in previous experiment. This work not only clarifies the excited state hydrogen bonding interactions and fills the vacancy of specific ESIPT mechanism for DHPBC system in experiment, but also explains the fluorescence quenching phenomenon.
Influence of corona discharge on the surface and thermal properties of aramid fabrics
Authors: Nejman Alicja , Kamińska Irena , Cieślak Małgorzata
Published: June 2019

The aim of the research was corona discharge treatment of meta—(mAr) and para—(pAr) aramid fabrics to increase the surface free energy (SFE) and its polar component, without deterioration of the thermal properties. The fabrics were activated by plasma with 41.0, 71.75, and 102.5 J/cm2 energy. The SFE increased from 40.38 to 70.82 mJ/m2 for mAr and from 44.06 to 70.01 mJ/m2 for the pAr fabric, the polar component increased from 15.33 to 34.68 mJ/m2 and from 5.37 to 33.43 mJ/m2, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry temperatures have changed and ΔHDeg for both fabrics increased. The weight loss is lower by 3.2% and 0.3% for the highest energy, respectively, for mAr and pAr fabrics.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2018: Sleep medicine
Authors: Quinlan Courtney M. , Tapia Ignacio E.
Published: June 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports, and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article (Part 4 of a five‐part series), we summarize the past year's publications in sleep medicine, in the context of selected literature in this area from other journals. Articles are highlighted on topics including infant sleep, diagnosis, and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep disorders in chronic disease.
Higher Structures in M‐Theory
Authors: Jurčo Branislav , Sämann Christian , Schreiber Urs , Wolf Martin
Published: June 2019

The key open problem of string theory remains its non‐perturbative completion to M‐theory. A decisive hint to its inner workings comes from numerous appearances of higher structures in the limits of M‐theory that are already understood, such as higher degree flux fields and their dualities, or the higher algebraic structures governing closed string field theory. These are all controlled by the higher homotopy theory of derived categories, generalised cohomology theories, and ‐algebras. This is the introductory chapter to the proceedings of the LMS/EPSRC Durham Symposium on ‘Higher Structures in M‐Theory’:

We first review higher structures as well as their motivation in string theory and beyond. Then we list the contributions in this volume, putting them into context.
Design of a biodegradable carrier for the application of controller bacteria on air–water interfaces
Authors: Morelli Matías N , Ibañez Manuel , Leonardi Rodrigo J , Santiago Liliana G , Irazoqui Horacio , Heinrich Josué M
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

The formulation of a biodegradable carrier which effectively concentrates microorganisms on air–water interfaces is proposed. This avoids the dispersion of bacteria into the bulk liquid phase and at the same time prevents their sedimentation. This formulation can be used in biocontrol and bioremediation treatments where the target is at the position of the air–water interface, as in the case of the treatment of rice diseases caused by Sclerotium oryzae and Rhizoctonia complex. The carrier is an oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion which contains lecithin and chitosan in both phases at different proportions. In a stable formulation, bacteria that are adsorbed onto the surface of oil droplets are carried with them and flowed upward to the air–water interface, due to buoyancy forces.

RESULTS

When using the biodegradable carrier, it is possible to recover at least 15‐fold more bacteria from the air–water interface than in the case of using the aqueous formulation.

CONCLUSION

The emulsion O/W is applied to the surface by dripping, resulting in a homogeneous two‐dimensional film distribution. With this application device, the number of bacteria at the air–water interface is significantly increased. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
RNA‐Seq identification of candidate defense genes by analyzing Mythimna separata feeding‐damage induced systemic resistance in balsas teosinte
Authors: Yang Liyan , Gao Jing , Zhang Yurong , Tian Jingyun , Sun Yi , Wang Chuangyun
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Armyworm (Mythimna separata) is a destructive herbivore for maize. Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), the direct wild ancestor of cultivated maize, has shown great potential to defend against herbivory. Here, based on armyworm bioassay, we compared responses of teosinte and B73 maize inbred during armyworm attack in their transcriptome profiles to elucidate the gene expression changes involved in teosinte responses to armyworm attack. The goal of this study was to identify novel resistance alleles that could serve as valuable resources for modern maize breeding.

RESULTS

Our bioassay revealed that armyworm larvae grew less on teosinte than on maize. A follow‐up transcriptomic comparison showed more down‐regulated genes in maize B73 and similar numbers of up‐regulated genes in both genotypes under armyworm attack. The up‐regulated genes in teosinte were markedly enriched in MAPK cascade‐mediated signaling pathway and phytohormone pathway. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that phytohormones jasmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid and abscisic acid (ABA) were actively involved in armyworm resistance of teosinte plants, and so were transcription factors such as MYBs, WRKYs and TIFYs. Interestingly, teosinte also showed high regulation in three ABA receptor PYLs. Based on differential expression analysis, we identified 30 candidate defense‐related genes in teosinte, which belong to 11 gene families and the majority of the genes were up‐regulated, while some of them were nonresponsive in maize.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that teosinte showed more vigorous defense response than maize toward armyworm attack and might be a beneficial genetic resource to improve pest resistance in cultivated maize. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Analog‐Type Resistive Switching Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Gao Bin , Tang Jianshi , Li Xinyi , Wu Wei , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang
Published: June 2019

Brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing has attracted considerable attention due to its potential to circumvent the “von Neumann bottleneck” and mimic human brain activity in electronic systems. The key to developing high‐performance and energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing systems lies in the realization of electronic devices that can closely mimic biological synapses. Resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) has shown some important properties for implementing synaptic functions, including analog weight storage and analog switching. Herein, the recent progress in analog‐type RRAM is reviewed. The mechanisms underlying the analog switching behavior in RRAM and different types of synaptic plasticity based on the analog switching behavior are discussed. Methods to improve the analog switching behavior and synaptic plasticity are then illustrated. Finally, a summary and a perspective on future research are presented.
Nonlinear output control scheme for general decay synchronization of delayed neural networks with inertial term
Authors: Abdurahman Abdujelil , Jiang Haijun , Sader Malika
Published: June 2019

This study is mainly concerned with the general decay synchronization (GDS) problem of a class of inertial neural networks (INNs) with time‐varying delay. First, unlike the methods used in previous relevant literature where both of the master and slave systems were transferred into the first‐order differential equations, only error dynamical system is transferred into the reduced‐order differential equation. Then, by designing a novel nonlinear output feedback controller and constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals, some simple and useful sufficient conditions ensuring the GDS of considered INNs are established via employing useful analysis techniques and linear matrix inequality approach. In addition, two examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the established theoretical results.
Semantic mapping for orchard environments by merging two‐sides reconstructions of tree rows
Authors: Dong Wenbo , Roy Pravakar , Isler Volkan
Published: June 2019

Measuring semantic traits for phenotyping is an essential but labor‐intensive activity in horticulture. Researchers often rely on manual measurements which may not be accurate for tasks, such as measuring tree volume. To improve the accuracy of such measurements and to automate the process, we consider the problem of building coherent three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of orchard rows. Even though 3D reconstructions of side views can be obtained using standard mapping techniques, merging the two side‐views is difficult due to the lack of overlap between the two partial reconstructions. Our first main contribution in this paper is a novel method that utilizes global features and semantic information to obtain an initial solution aligning the two sides. Our mapping approach then refines the 3D model of the entire tree row by integrating semantic information common to both sides, and extracted using our novel robust detection and fitting algorithms. Next, we present a vision system to measure semantic traits from the optimized 3D model that is built from the RGB or RGB‐D data captured by only a camera. Specifically, we show how canopy volume, trunk diameter, tree height, and fruit count (FC) can be automatically obtained in real orchard environments. The experiment results from multiple data sets quantitatively demonstrate the high accuracy and robustness of our method.
3D Printing of Complex‐type SiOC Ceramics Derived From Liquid Photosensitive Resin
Authors: Xu Xiaobo , Li Peiying , Ge Chunhua , Han Weifang , Zhao Di , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: June 2019

SiOC ceramics have been successfully synthesized using photosensitive resin as a liquid precursor through digital light processing 3D printing technology and pyrolysis. Liquid photosensitive resin has excellent fluidity (processable viscosity 0.068 Pa⋅s) which is beneficial for 3D printing. The liquid resin formulation was designed without solvent and filler. After researching the ratio of raw materials and temperature conditions, SiOC ceramic materials with complex structures can be produced without cracks. SiOC ceramics were characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman spectrometry and FT‐IR. The as‐prepared SiOC ceramic has excellent hardness (1.85 GPa) and high thermal conductivity (1.431 W/mK).
Depolymerization of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Catalyzed Methanolysis
Authors: Alberti Christoph , Damps Nicole , Meißner Roderich R. R. , Enthaler Stephan
Published: June 2019

The chemical recycling of end‐of‐life plastics/polymers can contribute to a more sustainable society. In this regard, the selective degradation (depolymerization process) leading to well‐defined low molecular weight chemicals is a key feature of the chemical recycling. Based on that, we have investigated the depolymerization of end‐of‐life poly(lactide)‐based (PLA) goods. In more detail, applying a combination of methanol and catalytic amounts of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) end‐of‐life PLA was depolymerized to methyl lactate, a chemical which can be is used as “green” solvent or as starting material for new poly(lactide) products. With the assistance of microwave heating an excellent rate of depolymerization (>99%) was observed within short reaction times (10‐20 min). Interestingly, a set of 16 PLA commodities was efficiently transformed to methyl lactate.
Programmable On‐Chip Artificial Cell Producing Post‐Translationally Modified Ubiquitinated Protein
Authors: Zilberzwige‐Tal Shai , Levin Aviad , Toprakcioglu Zenon , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Gazit Ehud , Elbaz Johann
Published: June 2019

In nature, intracellular microcompartments have evolved to allow the simultaneous execution of tightly regulated complex processes within a controlled environment. This architecture serves as the blueprint for the construction of a wide array of artificial cells. However, such systems are inadequate in their ability to confine and sequentially control multiple central dogma activities (transcription, translation, and post‐translational modifications) resulting in a limited production of complex biomolecules. Here, an artificial cell‐on‐a‐chip comprising hierarchical compartments allowing the processing and transport of products from transcription, translation, and post‐translational modifications through connecting channels is designed and fabricated. This platform generates a tightly controlled system, yielding directly a purified modified protein, with the potential to produce proteoform of choice. Using this platform, the full ubiquitinated form of the Parkinson's disease‐associated α‐synuclein is generated starting from DNA, in a single device. By bringing together all central dogma activities in a single controllable platform, this approach will open up new possibilities for the synthesis of complex targets, will allow to decipher diverse molecular mechanisms in health and disease and to engineer protein‐based materials and pharmaceutical agents.
Inverted MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Graphdiyne Derivative‐Incorporated Electron Transport Layers Exceeding 20% Efficiency
Authors: Li Jiangsheng , Wang Ning , Bi Fuzhen , Chen Siqi , Zhao Chengjie , Liu Le , Yao Quantong , Huang Changshui , Xue Yurui , Liu Huibiao , Jiu Tonggang
Published: June 2019

Chlorine‐substituted graphdiyne (ClGD) is employed into electron transport layers (ETLs) of MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells for the first time, forming a high‐quality film with superior film morphology and electrical conductivity as compared with pristine [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) film. Strikingly, a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.34% is achieved, showing a 19% enhancement compared with the counterparts (17.08%). Simultaneously, ClGD‐PCBM‐based devices show suppressed J–V hysteresis. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the interactions of derivated graphdiyne and PCBM stem from four types of noncovalent bonds, which contribute to the improved device performance. The results suggest that derivated graphdiyne‐based interfacial material is promising for the applications in solar cells and other photoelectric devices.
Sicherheitsaspekte beim Stabilitätsnachweis von Winkelprofilen nach Theorie 2. Ordnung
Authors: Mix Matthias
Published: June 2019

Winkelprofile weisen im Vergleich zu anderen Querschnittsformen kleine Flächenträgheitsmomente auf. Ihr Einsatz erfolgt daher überwiegend in Gitterkonstruktionen wie beispielsweise Masten. Die Montage ist konstruktiv unproblematisch. Stäbe der Diagonalausfachung können mit Schrauben oft ohne Bleche an den Eckstielen angeschlossen werden. Die Beanspruchung der Profile resultiert überwiegend aus Längskräften. Der Zugnachweis erfolgt mithilfe einer effektiven Nettoquerschnittsfläche. Der Drucknachweis kann bei reiner Druckkraftbeanspruchung mithilfe der Theorie 1. Ordnung oder der Theorie 2. Ordnung erfolgen. Treten neben den Druckkräften auch Biegemomente auf, muss ein Nachweis nach Theorie 2. Ordnung erfolgen, weil die DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 im Gegensatz zur zurückgezogenen DIN 18800‐2 einen Interaktionsnachweis nach Theorie 1. Ordnung nur noch für doppeltsymmetrische Querschnitte erlaubt. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht Ausnutzungsgrade und Zuverlässigkeitsindizes für einen druckbeanspruchten Beispielstab nach Theorie 1. und 2. Ordnung. Schließlich wird die Auswirkung eines zusätzlich auftretenden Biegemoments infolge einer Kraft senkrecht zur Stabachse auf den Zuverlässigkeitsindex untersucht.
Einfluss des sequenziellen Anziehens von großen Schrauben bei gerammten Ringflanschverbindungen
Authors: Keindorf Christian , Wagner Dirk , Hartmann Kristin
Published: June 2019

Herrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Schaumann zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen werden in der Nord‐ und Ostsee vorwiegend mit sogenannten Monopiles gegründet, die am Pfahlkopf eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung zum Transition‐Piece bzw. Turm benötigen. Als Alternative zu den Groutverbindungen werden dafür seit einigen Jahren gerammte Ringflanschverbindungen eingesetzt, die aufgrund der ungeregelten Bauart eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall beim BSH benötigen. Eine Besonderheit ist zum Beispiel, dass die Flanschoberflächen nicht planparallel, sondern geneigt ausgeführt werden, um die Kontaktfläche zwischen Amboss und Flansch gering zu halten. Nach dem Aufsetzen des TP liegt dadurch ein planmäßig nach innen geneigter Spalt vor. Des Weiteren werden die Größe und Form des Spalts durch Herstell‐ und Montagetoleranzen sowie durch den Rammvorgang beeinflusst.

In diesem Aufsatz werden Ergebnisse von Parameterstudien vorgestellt, mit denen der Einfluss des planmäßigen Spalts sowie der geometrischen Imperfektionen auf die Vorspannkraft der Schrauben analysiert wurde. Mithilfe von Finite‐Element‐Berechnungen wurde auch die tatsächliche Montageabfolge simuliert, wobei die Schrauben sequenziell vorgespannt wurden. Dabei konnten Reihenfolgeeffekte aufgezeigt werden, die im Aufsatz diskutiert werden. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für zukünftige Ausführungen von gerammten Ringflanschverbindungen im Offshore‐Bereich gegeben.
Relationship of self‐transcendence traits with in vivo dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and functional connectivity: An [18F]fallypride PET and fMRI study
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hee , Choe Yi‐Seul , Cumming Paul , Son Young‐Don , Kim Hang‐Keun , Joo Yo‐Han , Kim Jong‐Hoon
Published: June 2019

Genetic research has implicated dopamine neurotransmission in the expression of the self‐transcendence trait in humans. However, molecular imaging of dopaminergic markers is undocumented in relation to this personality trait. In this multimodal imaging study, we first investigated the relationship between the self‐transcendence trait and in vivo dopamine D2/3 receptor availability using [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET). We next conducted seed‐based functional connectivity analyses using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data with regions derived from the PET analysis as seeds to explore the functional significance of D2/3 receptor availability foci associated with the self‐transcendence trait. Twenty‐one healthy subjects underwent high‐resolution PET with [18F]fallypride and a subset of 18 subjects also completed 3‐Tesla rs‐fMRI. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used to measure the self‐transcendence trait. A voxel‐based whole brain analysis revealed that the [18F]fallypride binding potential (BPND) within the cluster of the left insula was significantly positively correlated with self‐transcendence trait scores. A region‐of‐interest analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between self‐transcendence and [18F]fallypride BPND in the left insula. The exploratory [18F]fallypride BPND seed‐based rs‐fMRI analysis showed that the functional connectivity from the left insula seed to the prefrontal cortices (including the inferior frontal region) was negatively associated with self‐transcendence trait scores. The results of the present study suggest that D2/3 receptor‐mediated neurotransmission in the left insula may constitute a significant neurobiological factor in the self‐transcendence trait. The negative associations between BPND seed‐based functional connectivity and self‐transcendence trait scores may suggest reduced prefrontal control in this personality trait.
ESOL teachers’ experiences in their role as advocate: Making the case for transitive advocacy
Authors: Harrison Jamie , McIlwain Mary Jane
Published: June 2019

This mixed‐methods study investigatedESOLteachers’ experiences in their role as advocate. Surveys were completed by 144ESOLteachers located in the southeastern United States. Ten participants were selected from the pool of 144 to participate in semistructured interviews to explore their experiences in the advocate role. Results from this study indicate thatESOLteachers perceived their role to include a high degree of advocacy and felt effective as advocates, yet they also perceived implicit resistance to their advocacy work. Themes from interview data describe the role of advocacy as improving educational outcomes and enhancing life chances, supports and barriers, and working with others. The termtransitive advocacyis introduced as a new dimension within the existing conceptual typologies of transformative versus nontransformative advocacy. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are addressed.
Generalized screw dislocations interacting with interfacial secondary crack in magneto‐electro‐elastic solid
Authors: Zeng Xin , Li Jia , Liu Feng , Wen Pihua
Published: June 2019

The interaction between generalized screw dislocation and two asymmetrical interfacial secondary cracks emanating from an elliptic blunt crack tip in magneto‐electro‐elastic solid is investigated. Utilizing the complex potential method, the closed‐form solutions for complex potentials and generalized stress fields are derived. In some limiting cases, the present solutions can reduce to the well‐known results. Moreover, many new solutions for special cases are discussed. The energy release rate at the right interfacial secondary crack tip and the image force acting on dislocation are also calculated. Numerical calculations are given for analyzing the effects of variable parameters, such as location of the dislocation, materials constants and geometrical parameters of interfacial secondary crack. The results show that the long left interfacial secondary crack or the blunt crack with the high passivation rate enhances the influence of the dislocation on the energy release rate at the right interfacial secondary crack tip. In addition, the energy release rate increases with the increment of elastic coefficient of the other half‐plane, but decreases with the increment of dielectric coefficient or magnetic permeability coefficient.
The Relationship Between Supply Constraints and House Price Dynamics in the Netherlands
Authors: Öztürk Bahar , van Dijk Dorinth , van Hoenselaar Frank , Burgers Sander
Published: June 2019

We analyze the effect of supply constraints on the dynamics of house prices in the Netherlands. In particular, we look at whether income shocks lead to stronger house price increases in regions characterized with higher supply constraints. We use a panel dataset that contains 316 municipalities over the years 1987–2016. Municipalities are divided in three equally sized groups according to the extent of supply constraints present in each municipality. Our results suggest that income shocks lead to significantly larger increases in house prices in municipalities that are relatively more supply constrained. This holds both in the short- and the long-term. The degree of mean reversion and persistence, however, do not seem to significantly differ between the three groups of municipalities.
Resummation of soft and Coulomb corrections for $$ t\overline{t}h $$ production at the LHC
Authors: Ju Wan-li , Yang Li Lin
Published: June 2019

Abstract

In this paper, a combined resummation of soft and Coulomb corrections is performed for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top quark pair at the LHC. We illustrate the similarities and critical differences between this process and the

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

production process. We show that up to the next-to-leading power, the total cross section for

$$ t\overline{t}h $$

t

t
¯

h

production admits a similar factorization formula in the threshold limit as that for tt production. This fact, however, is not expected to hold at higher powers. Based on the factorization formula, we perform the resummation at the improved next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, and match to the next-to-leading order result. This allows us to give NLL′+NLO predictions for the total cross sections at the LHC. We find that the resummation effects enhance the NLO cross sections by about 6%, and significantly reduce the scale dependence of the theoretical predictions.
On $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations and supersymmetry
Authors: Baggio Marco , Sfondrini Alessandro , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele , Walsh Harriet
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We investigate the “

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

” deformations of two-dimensional supersymmetric quantum field theories. More precisely, we show that, by using the conservation equations for the supercurrent multiplet, the

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

deforming operator can be constructed as a super-symmetric descendant. Here we focus on

$$ \mathcal{N} = \left(1,0\right) $$

N

=

1
0

and

$$ \mathcal{N} = \left(1,1\right) $$

N

=

1
1

supersymmetry. As an example, we analyse in detail the

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

deformation of a free

$$ \mathcal{N} = \left(1,0\right) $$

N

=

1
0

supersymmetric action. We also argue that the link between

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

and string theory can be extended to su-perstrings: by analysing the light-cone gauge fixing for superstrings in flat space, we show the correspondence of the string action to the

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

deformation of a free theory of eight

$$ \mathcal{N} = \left(1,1\right) $$

N

=

1
1

scalar multiplets on the nose. We comment on how these constructions relate to the geometrical interpretations of

$$ T\overline{T} $$

T

T
¯

deformations that have recently been discussed in the literature.
2d duality for orthogonal gauge theories with 8 supersymmetries
Authors: Avraham Eran , Bergman Oren
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We recently conjectured a set of dualities relating two-dimensional orthogonal gauge theories with

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (4, 4) supersymmetry, analogous to Hori’s dualities with

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (2, 2) supersymmetry. Here we provide a quantitative test of this conjecture by computing the elliptic genera of the dual pairs and showing that they agree. The elliptic genus of orthogonal gauge theories has multiple topological sectors that depend on the global structure of the group and on the value of a discrete θ parameter. We derive the dependence on the θ parameter by determining whether a given sector has (S)Pin structure or not.
Discussing Sexual Health in the Medical Oncologist’s Practice: Exploring Current Practice and Challenges
Authors: Krouwel E. M. , Albers L. F. , Nicolai M. P. J. , Putter H. , Osanto S. , Pelger R. C. M. , Elzevier H. W.
Published: June 2019

Sexuality is a significant quality-of-life concern for many cancer patients. Patients may be disadvantaged if they are not informed and not offered sexual health care. We sought to reveal oncologists’ current practice and opinions concerning sexual counselling. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice patterns of Dutch medical oncologists regarding treatment-related sexual dysfunction. Questionnaires were sent to 433 members of the Dutch Society of Medical Oncology. The majority (81.5%) of the 120 responding medical oncologists (response rate 30.6%) stated they discussed sexual function with fewer than half of their patients. At the same time, 75.8% of the participating oncologists agreed that addressing sexual function is their responsibility. Sexual function was discussed more often with younger patients and patients with a curative treatment intent. Barriers for avoiding discussing sexual function were lack of time (56.1%), training (49.5%) and advanced age of the patient (50.4%). More than half (64.6%) stated they had little knowledge about the subject and the majority (72.9%) wanted to acquire additional training in sexual function counselling. Medical oncologists accept that sexual function counselling falls within their profession, yet they admit to not counselling patients routinely concerning sexual function. Only in a minority of cases do medical oncologists inform their patients about sexual side effects of treatment. Whether they counsel patients is related to how they view patient’s prognosis, patient’s age, and self-reported knowledge. Findings indicate there is a role for developing education and practical training.
Epinephrine in cardiac arrest: The PARAMEDIC2 trial
Authors: Moore Jarrett , Sanderson Mark , Abu-Laban Riyad B.
Published: June 2019

Abstract Link:http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1806842

Full citation: Perkins GD, Ji C, Deakin CD, et al. A randomized trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2018; epub, NEJMoa1806842.

Article type: Therapy

Ratings: Methods – 4/5 Usefulness – 3.5/5
Oscillatory thermocapillary instability of a film heated by a thick substrate
Authors: Batson W. , Cummings L. J. , Shirokoff D. , Kondic L.
Published: June 2019

In this work we consider a new class of oscillatory instabilities that pertain to thermocapillary destabilization of a liquid film heated by a solid substrate. We assume the substrate thickness and substrate–film thermal conductivity ratio are large so that the effect of substrate thermal diffusion is retained at leading order in the long-wave approximation. As a result, the system dynamics is described by a nonlinear partial differential equation for the film thickness that is non-locally coupled to the full substrate heat equation. Perturbing about a steady quiescent state, we find that its stability is described by a non-self-adjoint eigenvalue problem. We show that, under appropriate model parameters, the linearized eigenvalue problem admits complex eigenvalues that physically correspond to oscillatory (in time) instabilities of the thin-film height. As the principal results of our work, we provide a complete picture of the susceptibility to oscillatory instabilities for different model parameters. Using this description, we conclude that oscillatory instabilities are more relevant experimentally for films heated by insulating substrates. Furthermore, we show that oscillatory instability where the fastest-growing (most unstable) wavenumber is complex, arises only for systems with sufficiently large substrate thicknesses. Finally, we discuss adaptation of our model to a practical setting and make predictions of conditions at which the reported instabilities can be observed.