bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FUNGAL ORIGIN OF IN SITU PULMONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Pulmonology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Ahsino F. , Zagaouch D. ,   Pulmonology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Soualhi M. ,   Pulmonology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Zahraoui R. ,   Pulmonology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Bourkadi J.E. ,   Pulmonology Department, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: September 2022

When filling defects are found on CTA, they are almost universally assumed to be emboli from a peripheral deep vein thrombosis. However, new studies have led to the theory that localized inflammation, endothelial cell damage, and disruption of blood flow cause de novo formation of clots within the pulmonary artery or in situ thrombosis. Fungal origin of pulmonary embolism is rare. We report the case of a 31-year-old man previously treated for tuberculosis. He was admitted with haemoptysis and a chest CT scan revealed an obstruction of the right upper pulmonary artery. He was initially diagnosed as a pulmonary embolism of cruoric origin and anticoagulant treatment was given. But the patient had massive hemoptysis a few days later. Aspergillosis serology was positive and the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by pulmonary embolism in situ was retained. Antifungal treatment was started with good improvement and cessation of the haemoptysis.
HYBRID MODEL FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF QUESTIONS EXPRESSED IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
Authors:   Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique de lINP-HB Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire., Seydou Sangare ,   Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Telecommunication (LARIT)., Marcellin Brou Konan ,   Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique de lINP-HB Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire.,   Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Telecommunication (LARIT)., Appoh Kouame ,   Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique de lINP-HB Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire.,   Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Telecommunication (LARIT)., Prosper Kimou Kouadio ,   Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique de lINP-HB Yamoussoukro, Cote dIvoire.,   Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Telecommunication (LARIT).
Published: September 2022

Question-answering systems rely on an unstructured text corpora or a knowledge base to answer user questions. Most of these systems store knowledge in multiple repositories including RDF. To access this type of repository, SPARQL is the most convenient formal language. It is a complex language, it is therefore necessary to transform the questions expressed in natural language by users into a SPARQL query. As this language is complex, several approaches have been proposed to transform the questions expressed in natural language by users into a SPARQL query.However, the identification of the question type is a serious problem. Questions classification plays a potential role at this level. Machine learning algorithms including neural networks are used for this classification. With the increase in the volume of data, neural networks better perform than those obtained by machine learning algorithms, in general. That is, neural networks, machine learning algorithms also remain good classifiers. For more efficiency, a combination of convolutional neural network with these algorithms has been suggested in this paper. The BICNN-SVM combination has obtained good score not only with small dataset with a precision of 96.60% but also with a large dataset with 94.05%.
IMPACT OF TEXTURING SILICON COATED WITH A SINGLE ANTIREFLECTIVE LAYER
Authors:   Research Doctor, Department of Physic, Science Faculty of Dakar, Departementof Physic-UCAD, Dakar-Senegal., Dieye Awa , Dieye Mayoro ,   Research Doctor, Department of Physic, Science Faculty of Dakar, Departementof Physic-UCAD, Dakar-Senegal., A. Niasse Oumar ,   Research Professor, University Cheikh Anta Diopof Dakar (UCAD), Department of Physic., Mbengue Nacire ,   Research Professor, University Cheikh Anta Diopof Dakar (UCAD), Department of Physic., Diagne Moulaye ,   Research Professor, University Cheikh Anta Diopof Dakar (UCAD), Department of Physic., Diaw Alassane ,   Research Doctor, Department of Physic, Science Faculty of Dakar, Departementof Physic-UCAD, Dakar-Senegal., Hadji A. Niass El ,   Research Doctor, Department of Physic, Science Faculty of Dakar, Departementof Physic-UCAD, Dakar-Senegal., Pilor Modou ,   Research Doctor, Department of Physic, Science Faculty of Dakar, Departementof Physic-UCAD, Dakar-Senegal., B.A Bassirou ,   Research Professor, University Cheikh Anta Diopof Dakar (UCAD), Department of Physic.
Published: September 2022

This paper focuses on anti-reflective coatings on monocrystalline silicon solar cells and the impact of front surface texturing. The reference wavelength of silicon is =700 nm, with its optimum refractive index (n = 3.7838) and a surface reflectivity of 33%. The calculations were made on the basis of layer thickness values and refractive indices that allow the phase and amplitude conditions chosen to be respected, namely (MgF2) (SiOxNy), (SiOx), and (SiNx:H). Numerical simulations have shown low reflectivitys at the surface of the planar cell coated with a single layer, but texturing on this same alloy allows a significant reduction in reflectivity. However, the comparison of the results of silicon coated with a simple anti-reflection layer on a plane surface and the textured one gives us important differences such as: 7,05% for MgF2 /Si, 4,6% SiOx/Si, 0,6% for SiOxNy/Si and 0,4% for SiNx:H/Si.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NITRAOGEN SOURCES ON THE GROWTH OF ALTERNARIA DAUCI CAUSING LEAF BLIGHT OF CARROT
Authors:   Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management., S. Mishrakoti Mrunalini , Kamble S.S. ,   Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2022

Minimum inhibitory concentration of carbendazim among the 12 isolates of Alternaria dauci (Kuhn) Groves & Skollo causing leaf blight of carrot showed variation. Isolate Ad-11 was most sensitive have MIC 6% and Ad-2 was highly resistant have MIC 20%. The effect of Ammonium nitrate, Calcium nitrate, Sodium nitrate and Zinc nitrate were tested growth rate of Alternaria dauci causing leaf blight of carrot. Sodium nitrate was found to be best source of nitrogen for both isolates.
PROFESSORS PERCEPTION OF E-LEARNING AS PERMANENT MODEL: MOROCCAN BUSINESS SCHOOL - QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors:   University Mohamed V., Imane El Moussaouiti
Published: September 2022

The teaching profession had to change to face the imminent health crisis that forced the world to step back and shutdown all the activities, in order to continue their activities, all the sectors and professions had to switch to a new way of work, as the education did to face the crisis, by changing their way of teaching from a face to face to a distance learning, that forced the professors to change also their way of practicing their workThis article aims to bring to light the professors perception of a permanent model of online learning, in a business and management studies in higher education and its impact on the quality of the programs and the courses, based on qualitative research, administratinga guided questionnary.
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF RIVER YAMUNA USING POLLUTION INDICES
Authors:   Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India., a Garima , Kumar Abhishek ,   Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India., Moitra Nandita ,   Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India., Jayachandran K.S. ,   Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Published: September 2022

The river Yamuna is considered a crucial river in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Having 0.4 Percent of the catchment area in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, it feeds about 70 per cent of the population of Delhi and hence, is a major source of dependency for NCT of Delhi. The water quality monitoring of River Yamuna is done by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Delhi on monthly basis.The objective of the study is to investigate the water quality of the river in the Delhi stretch, for the period 2003-2021. The water quality data has been derived from experimental analysis at DPCC across seven monitoring stations and has been analysed in the present study. It has been revealed that pollutant load from urban local bodies and drains have a stronger impact on the water parameters after the Wazirabad in Delhi, resulting in deteriorated water quality and high-Water Quality Indices (WQI). Water Quality Index (WQI) for the year 2021 indicates that pollution in the river Yamuna increases during monsoon and post-monsoonperiods while during pre-monsoon it remains relatively low.The average pH of the river water ranges from 6 to 8 throughout the year. The comparative data reveals that dissolved oxygen (DO) at most of the sites (except Palla) is nil and, the values of BiochemicalOxygen Demand(BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) have been increasing tremendously, which is due to the unregulated discharge or dumping of sewage water from urban local bodies (ULB) in the river.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON AYURVEDIC DRUGS INDICATED IN RAKTAPITTA
Authors:   M.D Scholar, Department of DravyaGunaVijnanam, Government Ayurveda College Thiruvananthapuram., N. Preethy , Shahul Hameed A. ,   Professor and H.O.D, Department of DravyaGunaVijnanam,Government Ayurveda College Thiruvananthapuram.
Published: September 2022

Ayurveda the science of life give emphasis on maintenance of health.Health of an individual depends on the balance between the doshas,dhatus and malaswhich arethe structural and functional factors of thebody. Raktapittais a bleeding disorder in which rakta (blood) gets vitiated by pitta and moves through external apertures of the body. It is a lethal disease and needs emergency management.Treatment protocol is decided principally based on the site affected, in addition to general considerations like dosha, bala etc. The line of treatment includes nourishment therapy (Brimhana)or attenuation therapy (Langhana).Langhana therapy include both purification therapy (Sodhana) and curative therapy(Samana).This article explains the pharmacological properties of herbal medicines used inSodhana, Samana, and Brimhanatherapies. Among numerous drugs mentioned in the management of Raktapitta, Vasa (AdatodavasicaLinn) is considered as the best drug of choice.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Infected with HIV in Kasenengwa District of Eastern Province, Zambia
Authors: Mvula Dingase F.
Published: September 2022

Women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (WLHIV) have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer due to their immune-compromised state. Cervical cancer screening leads to early detection and treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of cervical cancer screening among women infected with HIV in Kasenengwa District, Eastern Province, Zambia. A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 266 WLHIV. Basic descriptive statistics were done using SPSS version 23.0. Almost two-thirds (62.7%) of the 266 WLHIV in the study had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening. Almost three-fifths of the respondents (57.1%) had a negative attitude toward cervical cancer screening. The majority (78.2%) had been counselled by healthcare workers on cervical cancer screening with good emotional support from family members (72.9%). About two-thirds (68.4%) of the respondents had been screened for cervical cancer. Most women indicated that they didn’t have access to cervical cancer screening services because they did not know where to go (61.5%) and distant screening sites (56.3%) WLHIV in the study had adequate knowledge, but unfavorable attitude towards cervical cancer screening, while two-thirds had been screened for cervical cancer. Accessibility to screening sites was poor. More education and sensitization are needed in the district to eliminate misconceptions about cervical cancer screening, which may influence uptake. Keywords: Cervical Cancer; Screening; Knowledge; Practice.
Reasons for Victimization and Help-Seeking Behavior of HIV-Positive Men Affected by Intimate Partner Violence in Birnin Kudu, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Olufemi Ashimi Adewale
Published: September 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is traditionally viewed in the context of men as being the perpetrators of violence against women, the victims. Reports of female perpetrated violence against men living with HIV are relatively few in the literature. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that utilized an interviewer-administered questionnaire to identify the reasons for IPV and help-seeking response to IPV among 322 men living with HIV in Birnin Kudu, Jigawa state, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The prevalence of IPV among men in the study period was 45% (145/322). Out of the 145 respondents that experienced IPV in the year preceding the survey, 72 (49.7%) felt the IPV was related to domestic problems, 70 (48.3%) ascribed it to the disclosure of their HIV status, while 48 (33.1%) attributed it to ‘poor upbringing’ on the part of their spouse. About a third of the respondents (n= 51; 35.2%) did not report the incident to anyone; out of those that reported the incident, 94 (64.8%) sought help from informal and formal sources, 48 (51.1%) sought help from their in-laws, and 37 (39.4%) sought help from healthcare workers. Domestic problems, disclosure of HIV status, and poor upbringing of the female perpetrators were the commonest reasons for IPV as perceived by the respondents. The majority of the victims sought help from their in-laws and healthcare workers following the episodes of IPV directed at them. Efforts should be made to screen HIV-positive men for IPV during visits to ART clinics. Keywords: Help-seeking, HIV, Intimate partner violence, Men, Northern Nigeria, Reasons.
https://www.texilajournal.com/public-health/article/2153-covid-19-lockdown-health
Authors: Adeyemi Adepoju Rasheed
Published: September 2022

Standing order is the instrument with which the community health extension workers (CHEW) were trained and are expected to use when attending to patients at primary health care facilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of the CHEWs on the standing order. The research was prospective and cross-sectional in nature and used a self-applied structured questionnaire distributed to eligible CHEWs between the months of March and April 2022. The age of the respondents ranged between 23 and 58 years, with a mean age of 42.5 years and a standard deviation of 6.03. 81.1% responded that standing order should be used by CHEWs at all times, while 86.8% responded that all CHEWs should use it when attending to patients. The perceptions of CHEWs on acceptability and credibility of standing order were high, but that of its usefulness was low. Keywords: Acceptability, Credibility, Usefulness.
Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesinin Ermeni Basınındaki Yansımaları
Authors: NERSESOĞLU Haçadur
Published: September 2022

Stratejik önemi nedeniyle İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazları, tarih boyunca birçok devletin egemenliği altına almak istediği bölgeler olmuştur. Özellikle XVIII. yüzyılda Rusya’nın Karadeniz’de büyük bir güç olması hem Osmanlı Devleti hem de Avrupalı Devletler için tehdit olmaya başlamıştır. Boğazlar Sorunu olarak adlandırılan bu süreç Lozan Antlaşmasına kadar devam etmiştir. Lozan Antlaşmasıyla Boğazlardan geçişin serbest olduğu, boğazların iki yakasının askerden arındırılacağı ve boğazların geçişinin uluslararası bir komisyon tarafından idare edileceği kararı alınmıştır. Ancak İtalya’nın Doğu Akdeniz ve Balkanlarda yürütebileceği faaliyetlerden kaygı duyan Türkiye, Lozan Antlaşması’nda boğazların askerden arındırılması hükmünün kaldırılması için harekete geçmiş ve bu konuyu ilk olarak 1933 Mayıs’ında düzenlenen Londra Silahsızlandırma Konferansı’nda gündeme getirmiştir. Bu süre zarfında İtalya’nın Habeşistan’a saldırması ve Almanya’nın Versailles [Versay] Antlaşması’na aykırı hareket ederek Ren bölgesine asker yerleştirmesi, Türkiye’nin Lozan Konferansı’na katılan ülkelere 11 Nisan 1936 tarihinde nota vermesine yol açmıştır.

Yaşanan olayların ardından İsviçre’nin Montreux şehrinde görüşmeler başlamış ve 20 Temmuz 1936 tarihinde Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi imzalanmıştır. Söz konusu sözleşme ile Türkiye Boğazlar üzerinde tam kontrol hakkını elde etmiş ve barış zamanı sivil gemilerin serbest geçişi garanti altına alınmıştır. Ayrıca Türkiye İstanbul ve Çanakkale Boğazlarında kontrol ile savaş gemilerinin geçişini düzenleme hakkını kazanmıştır. Böylece gelecekte yaşanabilecek problemlerin önüne geçilmiştir. Nitekim, 24 Şubat 2022 tarihinde Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya saldırmasıyla Karadeniz kıyılarına uzanan bu bölgede zorlu bir süreç başlamıştır. Rusya’nın hamlesi boğazların durumunu yani 1936 Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’ni tekrar gündeme getirmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Montreux Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin önemini ve sözleşmenin imzalandığı dönemde Ermeni basın organlarının tutumunu aktarmaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye ve yurt dışında yayımlanan Ermenice gazete ve dergilere yer verilecektir. Söz konusu gazetelerde kaleme alınan köşe yazıları ve haberler incelenecektir.
On Ancient Turkish Culture and Civilization: Surviving in the Steppe
Authors: AKCAN Ayten
Published: September 2022

Geography is a great gift for humanity and for this reason, mankind has had the opportunity to develop in various fields. Considering that the Turks have lived in very different geographies since the first day they emerged, this diversity of places belongs to the ancient Turks; It has affected their lifestyles, lifestyles, forming a certain worldview, social structures, in short, their culture and civilization. For this reason, in the historical and cultural studies about the ancient Turks; It would be appropriate to put forward the "steppe" issue, to know and comprehend how the steppe culture was formed by mixing with history and how this geography gave objectivity to the Turkish people living in the steppe, and then to understand Turkish culture and civilization. Of course, while working in the field of old Turkish history and culture, it is necessary to move away from the understanding that it is sufficient to only consider the steppe when talking about the settlements. I believe that it would be more appropriate to conduct a study with this title and content, since the great states that were established were mainly established in the steppe. For this reason, the general character and also the aim of the study is to reveal how the ancient Turks, who started their life adventures in this geography called the steppe, came into existence in the steppe, and how long they lived here by displaying superior success against the natural environment in this vast, flat land. At the same time, this study emphasizes the importance of determining that an integral part of the formation of these structures is the geography they live in, in order to be able to determine the political, economic and social structure of the Turkish communities living in the steppe in the pre-Islamic period. In this article, by making some evaluations on the old Turkish culture and civilization, it will be tried to make important explanations by touching on the general characteristics of the ancient Turks in the pre-Islamic steppe.
The Occupation of Muş in the Context of Russia's Eastern Anatolia Policy
Authors: NECİYEV Elçin
Published: September 2022

The tension between Russia and the Ottoman State has been going on for a long time. At the time of this tension, both states had also set various strategies against each other, military and politically. The basis of the strategy was to weaken the other side economically, military and strategically. As a matter of fact, XIX. By the 20th century, Russia had engaged its political side, mobilized ethnic structures that would cause unrest within the Ottoman State, so it wanted to break the power of the Ottoman State. He tried to lure the political and war-path regions into the region where they would have acquired the ethnic structures by recognizing some concessions, and began attempts to weaken the Ottoman with the rioting of these ethnic structures. Russia has implemented this policy in the Eastern Anatolian region, and is politically motivated to achieve its precedent. As a matter of fact, these initiatives have come to an end, I. After the beginning of World War II, Armenians who have lived in peace with Ottoman subjects for centuries have moved to Russia's side, and have started to slaughter against the Muslim people in the Ottoman lands. One of the scariest of these massacres was in Mus. With the beginning of the war, the geographical proximity was also given by the Russians, who provoked the Armenians here against the Muslim people, and used them to commit a massacre. With Russia's support, Armenians have brokered religious schools to awaken national feelings and bring Armenian subjects to face Muslim people. So, the Armenians, who were strengthened by these support, increased the dosage of pressure on Mus and the surrounding locals, tried to overwhelm the Muslim people through the massacres and make massacres.
Combination seepage test study of sandy soil and the filter
Authors: Cai Shixing , Fan Kaifang , Cai Shizeng , Wang Zeping , Lin Jianhong
Published: September 2022

Dams are important structures for the development and utilization of water resources, and dam stability is significantly affected by the filter layer. In this paper, eight groups of combination seepage tests of impermeable materials and filter were conducted. The effects of variations in grade, relative density, and thickness of impermeable materials and filter on the combination seepage resistance performance were assessed. The test results showed that: impermeable material and filter grade significantly affect combination seepage resistance. The critical hydraulic gradient and permeability coefficient decrease by 34% with increasing soil coarseness within the design envelope. The critical hydraulic gradient and failure gradient of specimen decreased by 17 and 20%, when the relative density of the filter material decreased from 0.7 to 0.5, respectively. Therefore, in actual engineering applications, the dry density or relative density of the filter material should be strictly controlled during filling. Increasing the thickness of the filter benefits combination seepage. The effect of changes in particle composition and relative density on the combination seepage characteristics can be expressed by controlling constriction size.
Polydopamine-copper spacers improve longevity and prevent biofouling in reverse osmosis
Authors: Taiswa Amos , Andriolo Jessica M. , Zodrow Katherine R. , Skinner Jack L.
Published: September 2022

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a promising technology that will increase access to clean and safe water sources throughout the world. However, the impact of RO filtration of natural waters is severely hindered by biofouling. Formation of complex biofilms on RO membranes dramatically decreases output due to release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by the microorganisms. We present a polydopamine-copper (PD-Cu) coating for RO feed spacer materials to prevent biofouling and enhance longevity of Cu ions. The following spacers were tested in a continuous flow bench scale RO system: (1) Polypropylene (PP) feed spacers coated with PD-Cu, (2) a pristine PP, control spacer, (3), a PD control spacer and (4) a Cu control spacer. Results showed the PD-Cu spacers exhibited higher Cu ion chelation, retaining 71 ± 2% more Cu ions compared to a Cu-only spacer after 13 h. In a stirring beaker, PD-Cu spacers lost loosely attached Cu ions until the optimum Cu concentration was achieved, approximately 30.6 ± 0.3% of total composition, within 6 h, and the remaining Cu ions bonded with PD covalently. In addition, PD-Cu spacers showed a 17.5% higher permeate flux and a 58% biofilm biovolume decrease as compared to a pristine spacer over 24 h.
Commons and Bio-Cultural Learning: An Environmental Humanities View on Evolution, Materiality and Society
Authors: Majo Claudio de
Published: September 2022

This article aims to critically contribute to contemporary commons scholarship, using the lenses of the environmental humanities. Linking existing literature on collective action to a vast amount of literature from both the social sciences and the natural sciences could contribute to a new epistemological framework to understand anthropogenic processes of collective action. Both recent biological evolution theories and ontologically oriented philosophical perspectives have insisted on the endemic collaborative nature of coexistence processes as the embodiment of a larger ecological, material, and cultural whole. Looking at these processes through the lenses of coexistence could potentially reshape commons scholarship, overcoming what I define as the “long shadow of Hardinism,” while simultaneously further stimulating dialogue, and hopefully consilience, between the social and natural sciences.
New Strategies for Novel Drugs: Antimicrobial Peptides Containing
Ferrocene with Improved Antifungal and Antiplasmodial Biological
Activity
Authors: Costa Natalia C.S. , Santos-Filho Norival A. , Piccoli Julia P. , Fusco-Almeida Ana M. , Santos Claudia T. , de Souza Juliana O. , Zanini Camila L. , Aguiar Anna Caroline C. , Oliva Glaucius , Guido Rafael V.C. , Cilli Eduardo M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Fungal and parasitic diseases are global health problems, and the available
treatments are becoming ineffective, mainly due to the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens.
Furthermore, the drugs currently in use exhibit high toxicity and side effects. The scarcity of efficient
treatments for fungal and parasitic diseases has motivated the search for new drug candidates, including
antimicrobial peptides. The chemokine class RP1 peptide shows inhibitory activity against bacteria,
viruses, cancer cells and parasites. In addition, the organometallic compound ferrocene showed
antiparasitic activity.

Objective:

Study aimed to assess the effect of conjugation of the RP1 peptide with ferrocene in terms of
its structure, biological activity against fungi and parasites and toxicity.

Methods:

Peptides and conjugates were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The
Fc-RP1 peptide showed antifungal and antimalarial activities with low toxicity in the U87 and HepG2
cell lines.

Results:

The mechanism of action of these peptides, analyzed by flow cytometry in the fungus
Cryptococcus neoformans, was through membrane permeabilization, with an emphasis on the Fc-RP1
peptide that presented the highest rate of PI-positive cell marking.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ferrocene conjugated to antimicrobial peptide RP1 is an attractive
biomolecule for drug discovery against fungal and parasitic diseases.
Oxadiazole Derivatives as Anticancer and Immunomodulatory
Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Araújo Héverton Mendes , de Moura Gabriel Acácio , Rocha Yasmim Mendes , Viana Rodrigues João Pedro , Nicolete Roberto
Published: September 2022

Background:

Tumor plasticity processes impact the treatment of different
types of cancer; as an effect of this, the bioprospecting of therapies from natural and/or
synthetic compounds that can regulate or modulate the immune system has increased considerably.
Oxadiazole derivatives are structures that exhibit diverse biological activities.
Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the activity of oxadiazole compounds against tumor
cell lines and their possible immune-mediated mechanisms

Methods::

A search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases was carried
out on studies published from January 1, 2004, to January 31, 2022, using “oxadiazole”
in combination with the other descriptors “cancer” and “macrophage”. Only experimental
in vitro and in vivo articles were included. A similar search strategy was used in
the Derwent Innovation Index database for technology mapping. The search was performed
on Drugbank using the descriptor oxadiazole for commercial mapping.

Results::

23 oxadiazole studies were included in this review and some biological activities linked to antitumoral and immunomodulation were listed. Oxadiazole derivatives inhibited tumor cell growth and proliferation, blocked cell cycle, modulated mitochondrial membrane potential, presented immunoregulatory activity by different mechanisms reducing proinflammatory cytokines levels and acted directly as selective inhibitors of the COX enzyme. There was an increase in oxadiazole patent publications in the last 11 years, with emphasis on chemistry, pharmacy and biotechnology applied to microbiology areas. Compounds with 1,2,4-oxadiazole isomer are predominant in patent publications and approved drugs as observed in the technological and commercial mapping.

Conclusion::

Therefore, oxadiazole derivatives are therapeutic molecules that can be considered
promising for the development of cancer therapies.
The Immunogenic Potential of PCSK9 Peptide Vaccine in Mice
Authors: Ataei Sarina , Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Ganjali Shiva , Banach Maciej , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: September 2022

Aim:

To evaluate the immunogenic potential of the carrier-free peptide-based
anti-PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9) vaccine in albino mice.

Methods:

The immunogenic pcsk9 peptide and 0.4% alum adjuvant were mixed thoroughly
at a 1:1 ratio and used as a vaccine formulation. To assess the humoral immune response,
animals' blood was sampled two weeks after the last immunization. The ELISA
method was employed to measure serum anti-PCSK9 antibody titers, PCSK9 concentrations,
and PCSK9/LDLR interaction.

Results:

ELISA analysis showed significant induction of IgG antibody titers by PCSK9
peptide vaccine in vaccinated mice sera compared to the control mice (in male and female
mice were 12000±586 and 11566±642, respectively, p<0.001). Mechanistic analyses
showed a significant reduction in serum PCSK9 concentrations by vaccine-induced
antibodies in vaccine groups compared to the control groups (in male mice by 29±5
ng/mL (22.4%), p<0.001 and female mice by 26±5 ng / mL (21.0%), p<0.001). Serum
concentrations of PCSK9 in control and vaccine groups were 131±8.6 ng / mL and
102±8.1 ng/ml in male mice and 124±6 ng/ml and 98±10 ng/ml in female mice, respectively.
Moreover, vaccine-induced antibodies inhibited the PCSK9-LDLR interaction in
male and female groups by 34% and 26%, respectively. No significant difference was detected
between the male and female groups in all tests (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

According to our results, the PCSK9 peptide vaccine provoked the humoral
immune system in albino mice to produce functional antibodies that inhibit plasma PCSK9.
These effects were seen in both genders without any significant difference.
Hydrophobic Tag Tethering Degradation, The Emerging Targeted
Protein Degradation Strategy
Authors: Gao Jieke , Zhang Jiantao , Han Xiaoli , Zhou Jinming
Published: September 2022

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies have become a new trend in
drug discovery due to the capability of triggering the degradation of protein of interest
(POI) selectively and effectively in recent decades. Particularly, the hydrophobic tag
tethering degrader (HyTTD) has drawn a lot of attention and may offer a promising strategy
for new drug research and development in the future. Herein, we will give an
overview of the development of HyTTD, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between
HyTTD and linkers, HyTs, and ligand motifs, as well as the various HyTTDs targeting
different targets, thus offering a rational strategy for the design of HyTTDs in further
TPD drug discovery.
Development of Peptide-based Metallo-β-lactamase Inhibitors as a New Strategy to
Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A Mini-review
Authors: Chen Sheng , Cheng Qipeng , Zeng Ping , Chi Chan Edward Wai
Published: September 2022

Global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) not only poses a significant threat to human
health, food security, and social development but also results in millions of deaths each year. In Gram-negative
bacteria, the primary mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is the production of β-lactamases, one of
which is carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases known as carbapenemases. As a general scheme, these enzymes
are divided into Ambler class A, B, C, and D based on their protein sequence homology. Class B β-lactamases
are also known as metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The incidence of recovery of bacteria expressing metallo-β-
lactamases (MBLs) has increased dramatically in recent years, almost reaching a pandemic proportion. MBLs
can be further divided into three subclasses (B1, B2, and B3) based on the homology of protein sequences as
well as the differences in zinc coordination. The development of inhibitors is one effective strategy to suppress
the activities of MBLs and restore the activity of β-lactam antibiotics. Although thousands of MBL inhibitors
have been reported, none have been approved for clinical use. This review describes the clinical application potential
of peptide-based drugs that exhibit inhibitory activity against MBLs identified in past decades. In this
report, peptide-based inhibitors of MBLs are divided into several groups based on the mode of action, highlighting
compounds of promising properties that are suitable for further advancement. We discuss how traditional
computational tools, such as in silico screening and molecular docking, along with new methods, such as
deep learning and machine learning, enable a more accurate and efficient design of peptide-based inhibitors of
MBLs.
Potential Nevadensin from Ocimum basilicum as Antibacterial Agent
against Streptococcus mutans: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Putri Salsabila Aqila , Nur Shadrina Aldina Amalia , Julaeha Euis , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: September 2022

Background:

Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria that contributes to biofilm
formation and causes dental caries. The inhibition of SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II is a promising target
to be developed as an antibacterial. Ocimum bacilicum is known to have antibacterial activity.

Aim and Objective:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential nevadensin as antibacterial
against S. mutans.

Methods:

Antibacterial analysis was carried out by disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods and
the in-silico study was performed with ligand-protein docking.

Results:

The result showed that the MIC and MBC values of nevadensin are 900 and 7200 μg/mL,
respectively. The binding energy of nevadensin to SrtA, gbpC, and Ag I/II were -4.53, 8.37, -6.12
kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:

Nevadensin shows moderate activity as an antibacterial against S. mutans. Meanwhile,
in silico studies showed it has the same binding strength as chlorhexidine in inhibiting SrtA,
whereas to gbpC and Ag I/II, it has a weaker binding affinity. Therefore, nevadensin has the potential
as a natural antibacterial against S. mutans by inhibiting SrtA.
Re-Analysis of Published Datasets in Search of Novel Urogenital Diseases
Biomarkers
Authors: Vitorino Rui , Perpétuo Luís , Thongboonkerd Visith , Ferreira Rita , Guedes Sofia , Amado Francisco
Published: September 2022

Background:

Exosome research is a current trend in functional proteomics as it provides im-portant data on the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of diseases. The scientific outputs re-garding these topics often only approach disease-protein/peptide/exosome or mecha-nism-protein/peptide/exosome association. Approaching all three aspects could be the key to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and uncovering novel biomarkers for urogenital diseases. The focus of this work is to study exosome datasets to understand the possible role of underlying proteins in disease manifestation. We also attempt to link 4 different diseases that affect renal functions and are genetically inherited.

Methods:

For this purpose, the existing literature is consulted to understand the importance of exosomes in disease prediction, diagnosis and therapy. Available biotechnological methods of exosome analysis and the tools of proteomic analysis, data mining and visualization are dis-cussed. The database PRIDE is selected to query the information of several datasets related to urinary exosome analysis.

Results:

We have obtained a list of 19 proteins/genes involved in the mentioned diseases. On this list, we found a proteomic fingerprint consisting of Rab-7a, PDCD6, and CDC42, among others, and we are exploring their biological significance and underlying processes.

Conclusion:

APOA1, CD59, CD9, IGHG1, RAB7A, RAP1A, SEMG1 and SEMG2 are common in four urogenital diseases, and are involved in interactions with podosomes and endosomes, re-modeling of chylomicrons, regulation of interleukin production, regulation of endopeptidase activity, and establishment of apical/basal polarity of epithelial cells.
Small-Molecule Drugs in Immunotherapy
Authors: Su Qing , Hao Xuanrun , Chen Zhongliang , Li Haining , Wei Minqin , Zuo Zhili
Published: September 2022

Immunotherapy has been increasingly used in the treatment of cancer. Compared with
chemotherapy, immunotherapy relies on the autoimmune system with fewer side effects. Small
molecule immune-oncological medicines usually have good bioavailability, higher tissue and tumor
permeability, and a reasonable half-life. In this work, we summarize the current advances in the
field of small molecule approaches in tumor immunology, including small molecules in clinical trials
and preclinical studies, containing PD1/PD-L1 small molecule inhibitors, IDO inhibitor, STING
activators, RORγt agonists, TGF-β inhibitors, etc. PD-1/DP-L1 is the most attractive target at present.
Some small molecule drugs are being in clinical trial studies. Among them, CA-170 has attracted
much attention as an oral small molecule drug. IDO is another popular target after PD-1/PDL1.
The dual IDO and PD-1 inhibitor can improve the low response of PD-1 and has a good synergistic
effect. STING is a protein that occurs naturally in the human body and can enhance the body's
immunity. RORγt is mainly expressed in cells of the immune system. It promotes the differentiation
of Th17 cells and produces the key factor IL-17, which plays a key role in the development of autoimmune
diseases. TGFβ signaling exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity on the coordinate
innate and adaptive immunity, impairing the antitumor potential of innate immune cells in the tumor
microenvironment. It is worth mentioning that immunotherapy drugs can often achieve better effects
when used in combination, which will help defeat cancer.
Docking and Pharmacokinetic Studies for Screening Terpenoids from
Erythroxylum Species as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Unavane Supriya A. , Syed Sabeena , Jain Hemant Kumar , Bansode Amol
Published: September 2022

Background:

Cancer still remains a disease of concern with various side effects of synthetic
chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, there is a continued need to develop safer therapies with fewer side effects.
Erythroxylum species is a widely available source of various phytoconstituents, especially terpenoids.

Objective:

To carry out the docking studies of a few terpenoids on validated targets like EGFR, VEGFR,
CDK, and tubulin protein which are overexpressed in many types of cancers, and to estimate the pharmacokinetic
and drug-likeness properties of these molecules using in silico techniques.

Materials:

Protein structures were retrieved from Protein Data Bank, and the terpenoids were docked on
each of the protein targets using Autodock 4.2. SwissADME was used to predict the pharmacokinetic and
drug-likeness properties.

Results:

Compounds show good binding affinity and inhibition constant for all targets except for tubulin,
where few ligands could bind. They exhibit an excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and no significant violations
in drug-likeness parameters were observed.

Conclusion:

Compound 2 was found to be the most active agent against VEGFR, CDK, and tubulin,
whereas compound 7 was most effective at EGFR. These compounds can be continued for further studies.
The Effect of Metformin on Bad, Bak, and Bim Pro-apoptotic Factors: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Mostafavi-Pour Zohreh , Jamali Navid , Saffari-Chaleshtori Javad , Samare-Najaf Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Background:

Recent investigations have demonstrated that metformin treatment can decrease tumor incidence and growth using cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis pathway. However, it is not clear how metformin affects the factors involved in the apoptotic process.

Objective:

The present study aimed to determine the effect of metformin on Bak, Bad, and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins using docking and dynamics simulation studies.

Method:

The 3D structure of molecules was retrieved from PubChem and RCSB servers. Simulation and docking studies were conducted by Gromacs and AutoDock software. Next, molecular dynamics analysis was performed using Gromacs software. Moreover, LigPlot+V.4.5.3 software was applied for the determination of the hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions at the binding sites.

Result:

Our findings demonstrated that metformin has the highest affinity for binding the Bak protein. This binding occurred using four amino acid residues within the binding site of Bak with the minimum binding energy (-5.70 kcal/mol). The molecular docking of metformin to these pro-apoptotic factors significantly decreased the total energy and increased the coil secondary structure of Bak protein.

Conclusion:

According to our findings, metformin can alter the molecular dynamics property of these proteins which results in increased activity of these pro-apoptotic proteins and induction of apoptosis.
Lifestyle Among Fertile and Infertile Women: A Case-Control Study in the West of Iran
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Ayubi Erfan , Khazaei Salman , Abdoli Sara
Published: September 2022

Background:

In the studies conducted in Iran, the determining role of lifestyle as a multifactorial concept of infertility in infertile Iranian women has rarely been investigated.

Objective:

to compare the lifestyles of fertile and infertile women in Iran.

Method:

This case-control study was conducted on 400 women in 2022. The control group includes women aged 18-45 years, with no history of infertility and who had at least one child. The case group includes women whose primary infertility has been diagnosed and confirmed by a gynecologist and who were referred to the infertility ward in the west of Iran for treatment. The Miller-smith lifestyle assessment inventory was used in this study. We applied a significance level of 0.05 using the Stata ver. 14.

Results:

In multivariable analysis after adjusting for age, BMI, women's education, husband's education, women's Job, age at menarche, and menstrual cycle, the infertile women had higher scores on the Miller-Smith lifestyle questionnaire than fertile women [linear regression coefficient=21.21; 95% confidence interval: 20.56 to 21.86; p<0.001].

Conclusion:

The situations of lifestyle components such as time of rest, attending club and social activities, physical activity, recreation, having close friends, and religious beliefs were better in fertile women, as compared to infertile women.
Novel Anti-diabesity Peptide Alkaloids from Allophylus africanus P. Beauv
Authors: Balogun Olaoye Solomon , Liu Shu , Zhong Zheng , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study was to characterize and investigate the mechanism of action
of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic constitutents of Allophylus africanus.

Background:

Allophylus africanus P. Beauv is a medicinal plant commonly used in sub-Sahara
Africa for the treatment of metabolic disorders and infectious diseases.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic
chemical constituents from Allophylus africanus, and to investigate the mechanism
of their enzymatic inhibitions.

Methods:

The chemical constituents were isolated using various column chromatographic techniques.
The anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic properties of the chemical constituents
were investigated by measuring their inhibitory effects on porcine pancreatic lipase and α-
glucosidase enzymes. Fluorescence quenching constants obtained from Stern−Volmer plots were
used to determine the mechanisms of inhibitory action.

Results:

Twelve compounds, of which three were new peptide alkaloids, ethylamino asperphenamate
(10), allophylane (11) and allophyline (12), were isolated. The new peptide alkaloids and
asperphenamate (9) inhibited porcine pancreatic lipase in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 < 90
μM. Also, 9, 12, stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3) and eudesmenol (5) inhibited α-
glucosidase enzymes with IC50 < 165 μM, which was lower than that of standard drug, acarbose
(432.16 ± 6.52 μM). From the Stern-Volmer plots, 9 and 10 indicated a static quenching, while 11
and 12 suggested the occurrence of both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms on porcine
pancreatic lipase. On α-glucosidase, only 12 exhibited a concurrent static and dynamic quenching
mechanism.

Conclusion:

The anti-diabesity compounds obtained from A. africanus established its potential for
the treatment of metabolic disorders. Among the isolated compounds, three have been reported for
the first time in nature while others have been reported for the first time in the plant.