bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less severe processing improves carbon nanotube photovoltaic performance
Authors: Shea Matthew J. , Wang Jialiang , Flach Jessica T. , Zanni Martin T. , Arnold Michael S.
Published: May 2018

Thin film semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) photovoltaics suffer losses due to trapping and quenching of excitons by defects induced when dispersing s-SWCNTs into solution. We study these aspects by preparing photovoltaic devices from (6,5) carbon nanotubes isolated by different processes: extended ultrasonication, brief ultrasonication, and shear force mixing. Peak quantum efficiency increases from 28% to 38% to 49% as the processing harshness decreases and is attributed to both increasing s-SWCNT length and reducing sidewall defects. Fill-factor and open-circuit voltage also improve with shear force mixing, highlighting the importance of obtaining long, defect-free s-SWCNTs for efficient photoconversion devices.
Tiered deposition of sub-5 nm ferroelectric Hf1-xZrxO2 films on metal and semiconductor substrates
Authors: Walters Glen , Shekhawat Aniruddh , Rudawski Nicholas G. , Moghaddam Saeed , Nishida Toshikazu
Published: May 2018

Using a tiered deposition approach, Hf1-xZrxO2 (HZO) films with varying atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles from 36 to 52 cycles were grown on Ge, Ir, and TiN substrates in single runs and annealed at 500 °C. 40 ALD cycle films grown on Ir exhibit a switched polarization (Psw) of 13 μC/cm2, while those grown on Ge and TiN did not exhibit measurable Psw values until 44 and 52 ALD cycles, respectively. High-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy confirmed these results; the ferroelectric films are crystalline with defined lattice fringes, while non-ferroelectric films remain amorphous. 52 ALD cycle 1:1 HZO grown on Ge had the highest Psw of all the films fabricated at 39 μC/cm2, while the 1:1 HZO grown on TiN displayed continuous wake-up and no fatigue up to 1010 cycles with the Psw increasing from <1 μC/cm2 to 21 μC/cm2.
The effect of V/III ratio on the morphology and structure of GaAs nanowires by MOCVD
Authors: Liu Yan , Peng Yan , Guo Jingwei , La Dongsheng , Xu Zhaopeng
Published: May 2018

In this paper, GaAs nanowires with different V/III ratios (70, 140, 280 and 560) were vertically grown from bottom to top on GaAs substrates by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition based on gold assisted vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. It is found that the growth rate of nanowires is inversely proportional to their V/III ratio. And the V/III ratio can also change nanowire growth type. For the nanowire with small V/III ratios (≤280), the reactants are most from those atoms merged in the catalyst. But, for the nanowire with V/III ratio 560, the contribution mainly comes from the diffusions of atoms pyrolyzed on the surface of the nanowire and the substrate. A shrunken neck under the catalyst is observed in TEM characterizations. These results will provide a theoretical basis for potential practical applications of nanowire-based devices.
Electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing of Pd loaded SnO2 nanofibers on a CMOS micro hotplate for low power H2 detection
Authors: Wu Hao , Yu Jun , Cao Rui , Yang Yinghua , Tang Zhenan
Published: May 2018

A high-performance low-power micro hotplate (MHP) hydrogen sensor was fabricated through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing technique. Electrospun Pd loaded SnO2 nanofibers with lengths of 250-850 nm were precisely printed on the suspended central part of an MHP with an area of 100 um × 100 um. The printhead in the printing system was a low-cost metallic needle with an inner diameter of 110 um, which was large enough to prevent clogging by the nanofibers. The printing process was observed by a high-speed camera. Small droplets with diameters of 50-80 um were produced at each ejection by providing a high voltage to the metallic needle. It was found that the bridge-type MHPs used in our experiment can promote the positioning precision due to its bound effect to the droplet. In the gas sensing measurement, the Pd loaded SnO2 MHP gas sensor showed a remarkable response to H2 with a low power of only 9.1 mW. The experiment results demonstrate the excellent adequacy of EHD inkjet printing technique to realize effective mass fabrication of MHP gas sensors or sensor arrays.
Branching and resonant characteristics of surface plasma waves in a semi-bounded quantum plasma including spin-current effects
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Gwanyong , Jung Young-Dae
Published: May 2018

The dispersion relation for the waves propagating on the surface of a bounded quantum plasma with consideration of electron spin-current and ion-stream is derived and numerically investigated. We have found that one of the real parts of the wave frequency has the branching behavior beyond the instability domains. In such a region where the frequency branching occurs, the waves exhibit purely propagating mode. The resonant instability has also been investigated. We have found that when the phase velocity of the wave is close to the velocity of ion-stream the wave becomes unstable. However, the resonant growth rate is remarkably reduced by the effect of electron spin-current. The growth rate is also decreased by either the reduction of ion-stream velocity or the increase in quantum wavelength. Thus, the quantum effect in terms of the quantum wave number is found to suppress the resonant instability. It is also found that the increase in Fermi energy can reduce the growth rate of the resonant wave in the quantum plasma.
High-density equation of state for a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones solid
Authors: Shi Kaihang , Gu Kai , Shen Yifan , Srivastava Deepti , Santiso Erik E. , Gubbins Keith E.
Published: May 2018

We present a new equation of state for a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones (2D LJ-EOS) solid at high densities, ρ2D*≥0.9. The new 2D LJ-EOS is of analytic form, consisting of a zero-temperature contribution and vibrational contributions up to and including the second anharmonic term. A detailed analysis of all contributing terms is performed. Comparisons between the 2D LJ-EOS and Monte Carlo simulation results show that the 2D LJ-EOS is very accurate over a wide range of temperatures in the high-density region. A criterion to find the temperature range over which the 2D LJ-EOS is applicable at a certain density is derived. We also demonstrate an application of the equation of state to predict an effective tangential pressure for the adsorbed contact layer near the wall in a slit-pore system. Tangential pressures predicted by this “2D-route” are found to be in qualitative agreement with those found by the more traditional virial route of Irving and Kirkwood.
A novel dual-well array chip for efficiently trapping single-cell in large isolated micro-well without complicated accessory equipment
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Liu Wenwen , Wei Qingquan , Ren Lufeng , Tan Manqing , Yu Yude
Published: May 2018

Conventional cell-sized well arrays have advantages of high occupancy, simple operation, and low cost for capturing single-cells. However, they have insufficient space for including reagents required for cell treatment or analysis, which restricts the wide application of cell-sized well arrays as a single-cell research tool alone. Here, we present a novel dual-well array chip, which integrates capture-wells (20 μm in diameter) with reaction-wells (100 μm in diameter) and describe a flow method for convenient single-cell analysis requiring neither complicated infra-structure nor high expenditure, while enabling highly efficient single cell trapping (75.8%) with only 11.3% multi-cells. Briefly, the cells are first loaded into the dual-wells by gravity and then multi-cells in the reaction-wells are washed out by phosphate buffer saline. Next, biochemical reagents are loaded into reaction-wells using the scraping method and the chip is packed as a sandwich structure. We thereby successfully measured intracellular β-galactosidase activity of K562 cells at the single-cell level. We also used computational simulations to illustrate the working principle of dual-well structure and found out a relationship between the wall shear stress distribution and the aspect ratio of the dual-well array chip which provides theoretical guidance for designing multi-wells chip for convenient single-cell analysis. Our work produced the first dual-well chip that can simultaneously provide a high occupancy rate for single cells and sufficient space for reagents, as well as being low in cost and simple to operate. We believe that the feasibility and convenience of our method will enhance its use as a practical single-cell research tool.
Healthcare in a carbon-constrained world
Authors: Charlesworth Kate E. , Jamieson Maggie
Published: May 2018

Objective
The climate crisis necessitates urgent decarbonisation. The health sector must address its large carbon footprint. In the present study, we sought healthcare thought leaders’ views about a future environmentally sustainable health system.

Methods
The present study was a qualitative exploratory study consisting of semistructured, in-depth interviews with 15 healthcare thought leaders from Australia, the UK, the US and New Zealand. Audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed and analysed by matrix display and thematic analysis.

Results
Overall, healthcare thought leaders believe that to reduce the carbon footprint of healthcare we need to look beyond traditional ‘green’ initiatives towards a more fundamental and longer-term redesign. Five main themes and one ‘key enabler’ (information communication technology) were identified. In this paper we draw on other relevant findings, but chiefly focus on the fifth theme about reshaping the role of healthcare within society and using the size and influence of the health sector to leverage wider health, environmental and societal benefits.

Conclusions
These ideas represent potentially low-carbon models of care. The next step would be to pilot and measure the outcomes (health, environmental, financial) of these models.

What is known about the topic?
The health sector needs to reduce its large carbon footprint. Traditional ‘green’ initiatives, such as recycling and improving energy efficiency, are insufficient to achieve the scale of decarbonisation required.

What does this paper add?
Healthcare thought leaders surveyed in the present study suggested that we also consider other, non-traditional ways to achieve environmental sustainability. In this paper we discuss their ideas about adopting an anticipatory approach to healthcare using predictive analytics, and using the size and influence of the health sector to effect wider health and environmental benefits.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Achieving an environmentally sustainable healthcare system is likely to require broad and fundamental (i.e. transformational) change to the current service model. Health practitioners throughout the sector must be closely engaged in this process.
Evaluation of internal and external markers to estimate faecal output and feed intake in sheep fed fresh forage
Authors: Mioto da Costa M. C. , Ítavo L. C. V. , Ferreira Ítavo C. C. B. , Dias A. M. , Petit H. V. , Reis F. A. , Gomes R. C. , Leal E. S. , Niwa M. V. G. , de Moraes G. J.
Published: May 2018

The objectives of the present study were to estimate dry-matter intake and output of faeces using two external and four internal markers in sheep fed Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on an ad libitum basis over 3- and 5-day periods. Six sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned in a crossover design experiment to receive either of two treatments of external markers, namely titanium dioxide (TiO2) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Faecal output was obtained by total faecal collection and faecal grab sampling. Faeces were collected for 3- or 5-day periods, and, for each collection period, two sampling methods were compared; grab samples were collected directly in the rectum once daily, and a second sample was taken at the same time directly in faecal collection bags after having determined the daily total output of faeces. Faecal concentrations of the internal markers, indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and indigestible acid detergent lignin (iADL), were determined. Faecal output was not accurately predicted with indigestible dry matter, indigestible neutral detergent fibre, indigestible acid detergent fibre and iADL. Dry-matter intake was predicted with iADL and TiO2 when faeces were collected for 5 days as grab samples once daily, or as total collection and with Cr2O3 when faecal grab samples were collected for 5 days. The results using external markers indicated that TiO2 is not a marker equivalent to Cr2O3 for estimating intake and faecal output. TiO2 was the only external marker to accurately estimate faecal output, independent of the method (total or grab) and time period (3 or 5 days) used; this suggests that TiO2 is the best marker tested for predicting the faecal output of sheep that are fed a diet of fresh Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) grass ad libitum.
Using temporal associations to determine postpartum oestrus in tropical beef cows
Authors: Corbet N. J. , Patison K. P. , Menzies D. J. , Swain D. L.
Published: May 2018

The radio frequency identification (RFID) technology introduced with the National Livestock Identification System has increased the precision of livestock management. Tag readers incorporated in walk-over-weighing systems have enabled automated collection of daily RFID sequential data as cattle access water. The temporal sequence of individuals accessing a watering point in a rangeland grazing system could potentially provide knowledge of key aspects of animal behaviour. The current study investigated the use of the shortest daily average interval of time from cow to bull (TTB) coming to water over a 29-day period to predict postpartum oestrus events. Fifteen Brahman and 15 Belmont Red cows mated to bulls of the same breed in separate paddocks were fitted with proximity loggers, heat-mount detectors and were ovarian-scanned with ultrasonics to determine the timing of postpartum oestrus. The data collected from these devices were compared with RFID sequence data of the bulls following cows to water to evaluate whether TTB alone could predict oestrus activity. At the start of the experimental period, mean (±s.d.) weight and days postpartum of the Brahman cows were 527 (±43.4) kg and 89 (±18.4) days respectively, and of the Belmont Red cows 513 (±54.1) kg and averaged 66 (±19.6) days postpartum. Six of the 15 Brahman cows and 9 of the 15 Belmont Red cows displayed oestrus activity, as indicated by increased contact with the bull, an activated heat-mount detector and the presence of an ovarian corpus luteum. The sensitivity and specificity of TTB as an indicator of oestrus events across the groups were 0.65 and 0.60 respectively. Temporal sequence data have the potential to contribute to the determination of oestrus and date of conception.
Barriers and enablers to postpartum contraception among Aboriginal Australian women: factors influencing contraceptive decisions
Authors: James Sarah , Toombs Maree , Brodribb Wendy
Published: May 2018

This qualitative research obtained insights into factors influencing postpartum contraception use among Aboriginal women in southern Queensland. Seventeen women participated in focus groups or interviews from July to October 2015 at an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health Organisation. Data were analysed with open coding and thematic analysis. The results affirmed Aboriginal women want control over family planning. Participants indicated more could be done to improve health literacy and contraception uptake. A variety of family planning preferences were revealed, with an almost universal desire for increased access to postpartum contraception. Participants wanted information given antenatally and postnatally. Obtaining and using contraception were difficult for many. Social factors that hinder access such as shame, ideas surrounding women’s health, cultural disengagement, social isolation and using childbearing to control relationships were identified. The reproductive outcomes of Aboriginal women often do not reflect their preferences. A mandate exists to provide information about and access to postpartum contraception, empowering women with greater control over their reproductive practices. Health professionals can play a key role in dismantling barriers to autonomous family planning by offering information and resources both antenatally and postnatally.
The genealogy of geebungs: phylogenetic analysis of Persoonia (Proteaceae) and related genera in subfamily Persoonioideae
Authors: Holmes Gareth D. , Weston Peter H. , Murphy Daniel J. , Connelly Carolyn , Cantrill David J.
Published: May 2018

Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, as presently circumscribed, consists of the monogeneric tribe Placospermeae (Placospermum) and the tribe Persoonieae. The latter comprises the diverse genus Persoonia and monospecific genera found in New Zealand (Toronia), New Caledonia (Garnieria) and south-western Western Australia (Acidonia). Persoonia has 101 species distributed across Australia and has been classified into 11 informal groups. Using data derived from plastid DNA (trnL–trnF region), nuclear rDNA (ITS) and morphological characters, we constructed a phylogeny of Persoonioideae and compared the results to the existing classification. Bayesian and parsimony analyses indicated that Persoonia, as currently defined, is non-monophyletic. The molecular data and combined molecular and morphological data place Toronia in a moderately well supported clade with the monophyletic Rufiflora group of Persoonia from Western Australia. This clade is sister to Acidonia, Garnieria and the remaining Persoonia species. Of the other informal groups in Persoonia, the Teretifolia, Quinquenervis, Laurina, Arborea, Graminea and Chapmaniana groups are supported as monophyletic. The Lanceolata group can be re-circumscribed to be monophyletic by the addition of P. elliptica R.Br. (Longifolia group) and the Dillwynioides group. Relationships within this large, geographically widespread clade are largely unresolved and low DNA-sequence variation within it suggests a recent radiation followed by isolation in south-western and eastern Australia. All endemic Tasmanian Persoonia (Gunnii group taxa) are unresolved at the second-most basal node of the Persoonieae. Our results suggest that the Rufiflora group should be treated as a new genus and that the infrageneric taxonomy of Persoonia requires minor amendment.
Does plant flammability differ between leaf and litter bed scale? Role of fuel characteristics and consequences for flammability assessment
Authors: Ganteaume Anne
Published: May 2018

The increasing concern regarding fire in the wildland–urban interface (WUI) around the world highlights the need to better understand the flammability of WUI fuels. Research on plant flammability is rapidly increasing but commonly only considers a single fuel scale. In some cases, however, different fuel scales (e.g. leaf and litter bed) have greater influence on fire, for instance, when it spreads from the litter bed to the lower canopy. Examining fuel flammability at these different scales is necessary to better know the overall flammability but also provides insights into the drivers of flammability. To investigate if leaf and litter bed flammability differed, laboratory experiments were conducted on 15 species (native or exotic) commonly found in the WUI of south-eastern France. Species were ranked and the association of fuel characteristics with flammability sought at both scales. For most species, leaf and litter bed flammability differed because of strong fuel characteristics (e.g. leaf thickness or litter bulk density), entailing differences in rankings based on fuel scale and potentially leading to a misrepresentation of flammability of the species studied. Favouring species with lower flammability at both scales in the WUI, especially near housing, may help reduce undesired effects during wildfires.
Cisplatin-DNA adduct repair of transcribed genes is controlled by two circadian programs in mouse tissues
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Adebali Ogun , Wu Gang , Selby Christopher P. , Chiou Yi-Ying , Rashid Naim , Hu Jinchuan , Hogenesch John B. , Sancar Aziz
Published: May 2018

Significance

Cisplatin is a front-line drug in treatment of most solid tissue cancers. It kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Although it is quite effective it has two major drawbacks. First, it has serious side effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Secondly, some cancers exhibit primary or acquired resistance to the drug which limit its usefulness. Attempts have been made to administer the drug at certain times of the day (chronochemotherapy) to overcome these limitations but these attempts have had very limited success. Here, we generate genome-wide and at single-nucleotide-resolution circadian DNA repair maps for mouse kidney and liver with the ultimate goal of developing a rational cisplatin chronochemotherapy regimen.
N
-hydroxy-pipecolic acid is a mobile metabolite that induces systemic disease resistance in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Yun-Chu , Holmes Eric C. , Rajniak Jakub , Kim Jung-Gun , Tang Sandy , Fischer Curt R. , Mudgett Mary Beth , Sattely Elizabeth S.
Published: May 2018

Significance

Plants lack circulating immune cells and instead rely on small molecule chemistry for local and long-distance defense signaling. Following pathogen attack, plants activate innate immune pathways at the site of infection to limit pathogen growth. Plants also possess the ability to prime similar immune responses in uninfected tissues to prevent the spread of pathogens or protect against new infections. Despite the importance of systemic immunity, the mechanism for signaling is not clear. In this study, we show that
N
-hydroxy-pipecolic acid metabolites are mobile defense signals produced at the site of bacterial infection and establish and amplify defense in uninfected, distal tissues. Our study illuminates the chemical nature of a mobile bioactive metabolite that confers pathogen resistance throughout the plant.
Displacement identity in transit
Authors: Donehue Tracey E.
Published: May 2018

Based on Darvin and Norton’s (2015) reconceptualization of identity theory highlighting the recursive relationship between identity, capital, and ideology, this study posits that refugee and asylum seeker adolescents and adults in transit on Nauru are ascribed a ‘displacement identity’ through externally imposed normative ideologies. In addressing the issue of normative ideologies, this article draws on my experience as an English as an Additional Language (EAL) teacher at the Nauru Regional [refugee] Processing Centre and employs KhosraviNik’s (2010a) systematic model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to explore the representations of ‘displacement’ inherent in a corpus of texts accessed by those displaced on Nauru. This analysis suggests that an externally ascribed displacement identity is evident in normative ideologies. As Darvin and Norton’s identity theory situates language learning investment at the dynamic intersection of identity, capital, and ideology, further qualitative research on internally inhabited displacement identity formation and symbolic capital affordances is now required. Such research would aid in the development of pedagogical approaches to enable education in sites of transitory settlement to be a re-humanising and transformative experience that engages marginalized language learners, promotes positive identities and thus optimizes language learning investment.
Applied linguistics research in Australia as represented through ARAL
Authors: Curnow Timothy Jowan , Kohler Michelle
Published: May 2018

From its inception in 1977 until its last year of publication by an Australian publisher in 2015, the Australian Review of Applied Linguistics featured over 700 articles related to applied linguistics. This publication history provides a unique resource for tracing the scope and change of the applied linguistics landscape in Australia over the last four decades.

While the journal design and format have naturally undergone some changes in this time, in this paper we consider the nature of the articles themselves, whether there have been changes in coverage or emphasis, and what this can tell us about the history of and the changes in applied linguistics in Australia. Our analysis of the articles focuses in particular on two independent dimensions – the sub-field of applied linguistics and the particular language under focus in each article – and the changes in frequencies of each of these over time.
Bartolomé de Las Casas’ Breve Relación de la Destrucción de Las Indias (Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies) (1552) in translation
Authors: Rawlings Helen
Published: May 2018

Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1542), written by a Spanish Dominican friar, was among the most controversial texts of the sixteenth century. It aimed to expose atrocities committed by Spanish conquistadors against the native population of the New World and prompt a review of the abuse of human rights. Spain’s Protestant enemies adapted it in translation into the so-called “Black Legend” of Spain as a colonial power, through which future generations would view Spain for centuries. A close reading of English, French and Dutch editions demonstrates how it was further misappropriated by Protestant powers to validate their own, similar, ambitions in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as inverse images of those of their common enemy, Catholic Spain.
Communicating change
Authors: Crickmar Marta
Published: May 2018

This article investigates English translations of two contemporary Polish novels – Dorota Masłowska’s Wojna polsko-ruska pod flagą biało-czerwoną (Snow White and Russian Red or White and Red) and Michał Witkowski’s Lubiewo (Lovetown). Both can be regarded as key cultural texts as they describe Poland’s relationship with its communist past. In Masłowska’s novel, the post-1989 transition is seen from the perspective of a drug-addled thug, while Witkowski’s book reminisces about the lives of the Polish gay community of the communist era, which his characters prefer to democratic, modern Poland. Since the tensions accompanying the social and political transition are poignantly inscribed in the novels’ language, failure to transfer certain linguistic aspects in translation threatens these works’ status as key cultural texts.
Woest of wild
Authors: Wouterse Myrte , Genegel Samantha
Published: May 2018

In the Victorian Era interest in regional culture and dialect and their representation in literature increased. In Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights, cultural identity is explored extensively through the representation of dialect and the manner in which the situatedness of the novel in Yorkshire largely determines the identity of the characters. This article compares six Dutch translations of Emily Brontë’s novel, examining the manner in which the translators have preserved the specific Yorkshire elements in the target text. We look for patterns of similarity and difference in translation tactics between the early and late twentieth century in the Netherlands. The analysis is focused specifically on the topics of topology and dialect as representations of cultural identity in order to examine decisive elements in the attempt to translate culture.
Polish dance in Eugene Onegin
Authors: Ponomareva Anna
Published: May 2018

This article focuses on Alexander Pushkin’s verse novel, Eugene Onegin as a key cultural text. I examine five translations into English, by Douglas Hofstadter (1999), Olivia Emmet and Svetlana Makourenkova (1999), Tom Beck (2004), Henry Hoyt (2008), and Stanley Mitchell (2008), using both paratextual and textual data related to one peculiar episode, the dance scene, part of Tatiana’s birthday party in Chapter 5, to exemplify the translators’ vision and the techniques they use to preserve the specific concepts and terms of Russian culture in their work and for sharing them with their English-speaking readers. Since these five translations have not been analysed before, my article makes a contribution to the almost two centuries worth of scholarship on Eugene Onegin in English.
The cultural transformation of classical Chinese poetry in translation into English
Authors: Chan Kelly Kar Yue
Published: May 2018

This article considers the role of culture in the translation of classical Chinese poetry into English. It investigates in particular the level of untranslatability embedded in cultural elements, in view of the significant cultural differences between the source and target contexts for the texts concerned. The article illustrates mediation realised in cultural shifts and borrowing, and discusses further strategies such as annotation, implicit expressions, and literal and semantic translation.
Hegel’s Phenomenology
Authors: Charlston David
Published: May 2018

This article adapts Bourdieu’s theory of hexis as a basis for arguing that the Baillie (Hegel/Baillie 1910/1931) and Pinkard (Hegel/Pinkard 2008) translations of Hegel’s Die Phänomenologie des Geistes (Hegel 1807/1970) can be seen as textual objectifications and/or embodiments of different translatorial responses to the text, determined by the social and philosophical dynamics surrounding each translator. The concept of a “translatorial hexis” is analogous to Bourdieu’s habitus (Bourdieu 1977; Bourdieu 2012) but differs in that the translatorial hexis embodies a specifically dominant, honour-seeking stance of the philosopher-translator with regard to the micro-dynamics of the surrounding sub-fields. As the analysis shows, the translatorial hexis is objectified (Bourdieu 1986: 243) in the detail of the text and in the peritexts to the translations.
Construction of a cultural narrative through translation
Authors: Rautaoja Turo
Published: May 2018

This article explores those Finnish-language translations published between 1916 and 1965 that attest to the various conceptualisations of Sibelius, i.e., the Sibelius narrative. The status of these texts as translations is placed under scrutiny. To explain how the translations reflected Finland’s aspirations to be concurrently internationally recognised and markedly Finnish, the texts are categorised based on the relationship of the source text and the translation. Examination of the translations suggests differing motivations for translating the texts and contextualises the development of the Sibelius narrative. The texts and their translations, as historically representative depictions and shapers of the Sibelius narrative, are deemed culturally key for understanding the role of Sibelius for the Finnish cultural life, and music culture in particular.
Cultural satirical features in translation
Authors: Abdullatief Muhammad J.H.
Published: May 2018

Satire is closely related to its context, so translated satire may lack “satirical flavor”. This article investigates whether Arabic cultural features remain in Habiby’s The Pessoptimist, a translation of a major work in the modern Arabic literary canon written by a noted Palestinian writer and politician. Due to its theme, the Israeli-Arab conflict, and its unique satirical style, this novel has been translated into Hebrew and English. Analysing the English translation, I seek to identify culture-bound satirical features in the source text, investigate the translation strategies used to render them, and to emphasize the role of the translator in preserving the satirical flavour. I draw upon a modified version of Simpson’s (2003) model of satire, Translation Studies, and literary studies.
Alterity, orality and performance in Bible translation
Authors: Naudé Jacobus A. , Miller-Naudé Cynthia L.
Published: May 2018

The Bible contains numerous features of alterity (aspects which reflect its “otherness” to modern readers) which are compounded by its cultural and generic diversity. Here, we examine alterity in Bible translation through the lens of Emmanuel Levinas’s concept of the Other, which he viewed as an equal rather than an inferior, and his insistence that oral, face-to-face encounters with the other are primary. Performance translation recreates the oral nature of the biblical text, providing a means both to encounter the alterity of the Bible in a meaningful way and to convey it to contemporary audiences. We use a liturgical psalm and a proverbial saying to illustrate the potential of performance translation in conveying the alterity of the Bible in translation.
A Radical Construction Grammar approach to construction split in the diachrony of the spatial particles of Ancient Greek
Authors: Karlsson Emanuel
Published: May 2018

Within the context of a Radical Construction Grammar approach to grammaticalization, this paper presents construction split as a model of the diachrony of spatial particle constructions from Proto-Indo-European to Ancient Greek, accounting for the behaviour of Greek preposition and prefix constructions. The paper discusses some theoretical preliminaries for the RCG approach and for long-term construction developments, with special reference to phenomena in Ancient Greek. An argument is made for central tenets of RCG: there is no structure external to language-specific constructions; language change is fundamentally a matter of degree and ultimately dependent on the pragmatics of discourse; constructions are defined in terms of cues. This is framed in a conceptual discussion on the complementarity of grammaticalization and construction perspectives.
Grammaticalisation cut short
Authors: Lesuisse Mégane , Lemmens Maarten
Published: May 2018

This article provides a corpus-based diachronic constructional analysis of the three English cardinal posture verbs (hence CPVs) sit, stand and lie. Contrary to their equivalents in genetically related languages, the English CPVs have not grammaticalised into locative, progressive, or habitual markers or into copulas. The data reveal some degree of grammaticalisation in the earlier stages which suggests that the grammaticalisation was cut short. The paper evaluates Newman’s (2009) hypothesis that the English CPVs did not further grammaticalise because of their increased use to refer to a dynamic event of getting into a sitting, standing or lying posture. The data also reveal that two (more strongly grammaticalised) copula constructions lingered on much longer, thereby constituting grammaticalised ‘islands’, especially in idiomatic uses.
The development of the conditional caso construction in Spanish
Authors: Granvik Anton
Published: May 2018

This paper analyzes the development of the abstract noun caso ‘case’ into a conditional marker in Spanish, as in (en) (el) caso (de) que llueva, no saldremos ‘(in) (the) case (of) that it rains, we’ll stay in.’ Building on diachronic corpus data I show that although the development of the conditional sense of caso in what I call the conditional caso construction can, in principle, be considered a textbook example of grammaticalization, in order to account for the formal variation which characterizes the construction as a whole, a construction grammar account might be preferable. Following Traugott & Trousdale (2013) I suggest that the development of the conditional caso construction can be seen as a case of constructionalization and subsequent constructional changes. From the perspective of Spanish caso the two approaches can be seen as complementary, rather than incommensurate, since they both highlight important aspects of the development of a new grammatical construction.
Constructionalization areas
Authors: Hölzl Andreas
Published: May 2018

Heine & Kuteva (2005) proposed the concept of a grammaticalization area. Given the recent appearance of the concept of constructionalization, (Traugott & Trousdale, 2013) it seems reasonable to ask whether there are constructionalization areas as well. The paper exemplifies this concept with the help of the Tungusic language Manchu and some surrounding languages. Manchu does not have the common Tungusic negative verb e‑, but, like Mongolian, employs the negative existential akū instead (e.g., Ikegami, 1999 [1979]). Manchu and Mongolian share not only this development, but also an underlying interlingual constructional network (Höder, 2012). The paper proposes the name areal construction grammar as a label for those aspects of construction grammar that are concerned with the study of language contact.
Establishing validity among pre-school children
Authors: Hannken-Illjes Kati , Bose Ines
Published: May 2018

This paper lays out theoretical considerations and first analyses on the giving of and asking for reasons among preschool children age 3–7 in natural child-child play interaction. We attempt to give an integrated, multimodal analysis of the verbal, paraverbal and extraverbal means of these reasoning activities. In our data we find many instances of younger children who are giving reasons during play interaction. Often these reasoning activities do not occur in an open conflict and are not primarily directed at working out a local dissensus. Rather, these interactions seem to foreground the epistemic function of argumentation. We will argue that these practices should be understood and researched as early forms of argumentation.
Texts as answers to questions
Authors: von Stutterheim Christiane , Carroll Mary
Published: May 2018

Text production requires the speaker to plan and formulate a coherent text in which information at the micro structural level is embedded and licensed by structures established at the macro structural level. The present paper addresses questions concerning the principles the speaker can rely on when solving a complex task of this kind. We assume that texts are organised around an initialising question, the quaestio, which introduces a space of alternatives which the speaker has to specify. The constraints set up by the quaestio leave the speaker with a range of options which in turn are constrained by language-specific principles partly rooted in the grammatical structure of the respective language. This claim is substantiated by a cross-linguistic study of English and German oral narratives. The analyses focus on grammatical features relating to the syntactic subject and word order constraints and aim to show how grammatical features which operate at the micro-structural level shape information organisation in macro-structural terms. The study also includes a comparison with object descriptions in English and German. They serve in illustrating the role of the underlying quaestio as well as grammatical categories, in this case the syntactic subject, which drives conceptualisation with transformations across the domains of space and entities when providing anaphoric linkage.
Discourse prominence and the selection of anaphora – evidence from pronouns in historical German
Authors: Petrova Svetlana
Published: May 2018

Based on the analysis of the distributional properties of different types of pronouns in historical German, the present paper investigates discourse prominence as a factor governing the selection of anaphora in the discourse. It claims that particular types of pronouns refer to entities which are more salient than others not only with respect to the immediately preceding context, but also with respect to the global prominence of the respective referents in the entire discourse, including the subsequent context.
On the processing of Free Indirect Discourse
Authors: Salem Susanna , Weskott Thomas , Holler Anke
Published: May 2018

In this contribution we report on the results from two psycholinguistic experiments investigating the processing of Free Indirect Discourse (FID). We conceive of FID as a linguistic means that cues comprehenders to take over the perspective of a protagonist in third-person narrations. Using both on-line and off-line measures, we tested the hypothesis that the referent of the protagonist receives a higher activation status during reading if his or her thoughts are related through FID. The FID cues we used were questions and discourse particles. In addition, we compared different inferential statistic procedures in the analysis of the results. Although the cues that were employed as FID markers in the experimental materials had an influence on the perception of narrative perspective, no indication was found for the hypothesis that narrative perspective mediated through FID influences the salience of the protagonist during reading. We discuss the implications of this null result and point to some more general methodological problems arising in the investigation of processing of literary text.
Between narrator and protagonist in fables of German Sign Language
Authors: Herrmann Annika , Pendzich Nina-Kristin
Published: May 2018

Sign languages have the unique property of simultaneously transmitting information in various ways. Within perspective taking and role shift, a signer may use various articulators such as the hands, the body, and the face to simultaneously represent different protagonists and/or the narrator. This paper discusses data from German Sign Language (DGS) with regard to parallel perspectivation in role shift, in particular action role shift found in the DGS data set of the Aesop fables. We categorize the different types of parallel perspectivation and investigate classifiers within action role shift as a phenomenon at the gesture-sign interface.
Metaphor and the automatic mind
Authors: Gibbs Raymond W. , Chen Elaine
Published: May 2018

When people produce or understand verbal metaphors, and metaphoric gestures, do they do so automatically or with conscious
deliberation? Metaphor scholars widely recognize that the answer to this question depends on several factors, including the
specific kind of metaphor that was produced or understood. But many scholars assume that the automatic use of metaphor involves
the simple retrieval of its figurative meaning, without having to draw any cross-domain mappings. We argue that automaticity in
behavior, such as when using verbal metaphors, actually involves many complex embodied and conceptual processes, even if these may
operate quickly and without conscious attention. This article reviews the evidence for this claim, and considers other attempts to
explore automaticity in metaphoric experiences, such as in 20th-century automatic writing practices. Our argument provides another
set of reasons, from cognitive science research, to reject simplistic assumptions that automatic metaphor behavior is necessarily
different in kind from more conscious metaphor use and understanding.
The end of a long and fraught marriage
Authors: Đurović Tatjana , Silaški Nadežda
Published: May 2018

Set against the backdrop of a separation process between Britain and the EU, popularly referred to asBrexit, our paper explores how themarried partnersmetaphor scenario structures the Brexit discourse via vivid metaphorical images of political reality describing complicated relations between Britain and the EU. We use a critical approach to metaphor (Charteris-Black, 2004,2005) and especially applyMusolff’s (2006)concept of ‘metaphor scenario’ to the data collection gathered from various media sources published in English during the period closely preceding and following the Brexit vote. As “themarried partnersscenario is applicable to any bilateral […] relationship” (Musolff, 2006, p. 34), by exemplifying the Britain-EU relationship via numerous lexical instantiations (e.g.,rocky marriage,messy divorce very hard on the children,shotgun divorce), we attest to a great generative potential of themarried partnersscenario as well as its argumentative use. Our main aim is to point out how themarried partnersmetaphor scenario is used in political discourse both to simplify and enable the understanding of the tangled relationship between Britain and the EU at a crucial point in their history.
Recent advancement in metal–organic framework: Synthesis, activation, functionalisation, and bulk production
Authors: Cheong Von Fei , Moh Pak Yan
Published: May 2018

Metal–organic framework (MOF) is an emerging hybrid material that possesses high surface area, narrow pore size distribution, and tuneable functionality. In recent years, MOF-based materials have been widely studied in various applications such as gas storage, gas separation, heterogeneous catalysis, and drug delivery. However, less emphasis has been placed on the fundamentals of MOF that are crucial to provide scientific knowledge for tailoring MOFs with desirable properties for commercial applications. This review discusses recent advancement in the MOF chemistry, in particular, synthesis, activation, functionalisation, and bulk production of MOFs. This review will be of great interest to the researchers and chemists actively involved in the field of MOFs production.

Abbreviations: BBR: Building block replacement; BDC: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; BET: Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate; Boc: Tert-butoxycarbonyl; Bpy: 4,4’-bipyridine; CFG: Carboxylic functional group; CTAB: Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide; DABCO: 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; DEF: N, N-diethylformamide; DMF: N, N-dimethylformamide; Dhybdc: 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; [EMIm]Br: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide; FIR: Fujian Institute of Research; H2BDC: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; H3BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; H4TBAPy: 1,3,6,8-tetrakis( p-benzoic acid)pyrene; HKUST: Hong-Kong University of Science and Technology; ICP-MS: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; ILAG: Ion- and liquid-assisted grinding; Im: Imidazole ; IPA: Isophthalate; IRMOF: Isoreticular metal–organic framework; IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; LAG: Liquid-assisted grinding; LBL: Layer-by-layer; LIB: Lithium-ion battery; mesoMOF: Mesoporous metal–organic framework; MeIm: 2-methyimidazole; MIL: Matériaux de l'Institut Lavoisier; MixMOF: Mixed-linker metal–organic framework; MOF: Metal–organic framework; MTBS: Methyltributylammoniummethylsulfate; NH2BTC: 2-aminobenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate; NOTT: University of Nottingham; NU: Northwestern University ; PCD: Protection-complexation-deprotection; PCN: Porous coordination network; PCP: Porous coordination polymer; PIM: Polymer of intrinsic microporosity; PSD: Post-synthetic deprotection; PSM: Post-synthetic modification; PXRD: Powder X-ray diffraction; PyCHO: 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde; RH: Relative humidity; SALE: Solvent-assisted linker exchange; SALI: Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation; scCO2: Supercritical carbon dioxide; STEM: Scanning transmission electron microscopy; STY: Space–time yield; TBHP: tert-butyl hydroperoxide; TMU: Tarbiat Modares University; UiO: Universitetet i Oslo; ZIF: Zeolitic imidazolate framework
Control of mitotic chromosome condensation by the fission yeast transcription factor Zas1
Authors: Schiklenk Christoph , Petrova Boryana , Kschonsak Marc , Hassler Markus , Klein Carlo , Gibson Toby J. , Haering Christian H.
Published: May 2018

Although the formation of rod-shaped chromosomes is vital for the correct segregation of eukaryotic genomes during cell divisions, the molecular mechanisms that control the chromosome condensation process have remained largely unknown. Here, we identify the C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor Zas1 as a key regulator of mitotic condensation dynamics in a quantitative live-cell microscopy screen of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. By binding to specific DNA target sequences in their promoter regions, Zas1 controls expression of the Cnd1 subunit of the condensin protein complex and several other target genes, whose combined misregulation in zas1 mutants results in defects in chromosome condensation and segregation. Genetic and biochemical analysis reveals an evolutionarily conserved transactivation domain motif in Zas1 that is pivotal to its function in gene regulation. Our results suggest that this motif, together with the Zas1 C-terminal helical domain to which it binds, creates a cis/trans switch module for transcriptional regulation of genes that control chromosome condensation.