bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Men
Authors: Nebel Jay
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
Zydeco on Dog Hill
Authors: Smith John Warner
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
You tell me
Authors: Kasischke Laura
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
The Calling
Authors: Willard Bruce
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
Douche-Bag Ode
Authors: Olds Sharon
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
Monkey See
Authors: Poissant David James
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
Brief Encounter with the Household Gods
Authors: Huddle David
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
The Boss Who Fired Me During the Recession
Authors: Pray Bethany
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
Ukulele
Authors: Beasley Sandra
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
The Great Dream: A Plan B Essay by Floyd Skloot
Authors: Skloot Floyd
Published: May 2013

The poet Major Jackson (Holding Company, Hoops) compiles this eclectic Spring issue, which includes the work of several distinguished writers and newcomers. Featuring poetry by writers like Mark Doty, Martin Espada, Tony Hoagland, Laura Kasischke, Sharon Olds, Carl Phillips, and Tracy K. Smith, the issue is a dazzling tour of the modern poetic landscape in America. There is also a wide variety of fiction, from the story of a high school girl in the South and her relationship with a white teacher ("What Happens Next," by Emily Bernard) to a New York doorman dying of cancer ("The Rubber Game," by Sherri Phillips). The issue also features a Plan B essay by Floyd Skloot ("The Great Dream"), about the mostly thwarted ambitions of the members of his family, and an appreciation of the British writer Barbara Pym ("Patron Saint of Quiet Lives," by Raina Lipsitz).
La perspectiva excéntrica de Cozarinsky: cosmopolitismo y globalización en Tres fronteras
Authors: López-Vicuña Ignacio
Published: May 2013

This article examines Jewish-Argentine filmmaker and writer Edgardo Cozarinsky’s short story collection Tres fronteras (2006) from the point of view of cosmopolitan theory. Through the analysis of the expatriate author’s strategies of decentering, juxtaposing, and crossing spaces and discourses it explores how Cozarinsky creates an “eccentric” perspective that reorganizes global maps by revealing secret affinities and connections between locations as diverse as Paris, Buenos Aires, Istanbul, and Foz de Iguaçú. The article argues that Cozarinsky’s short stories both revisit and reframe cosmopolitan aesthetics, contributing not only to a cosmopolitanism from Latin America, but also to a multiplication of perspectives and sites of belonging in the context of globalization.
Los invernáculos de José María Samper: utopías espaciales fuera y dentro del trópico
Authors: Pinzón Felipe Martínez
Published: May 2013

Nineteenth-century creole Colombians described the national tropical space as utterly divided by mountains into different climates and distinct races. The coming to power of young Laissez Faire liberals in mid-nineteenth-century Colombia—José María Samper being their most fervent ideologue—would not entail debunking this image, but problematically refashioning it to fit a cosmopolitan paradigm of a boundless territory in which Europe and Colombia could be connected by commerce. The European Winter Garden is a space where Samper refashions the national space. It is an enclosed place where tropical vegetation can be captured and transformed into pure capital by controlling its climate and ridding it of those natural obstacles and races that are considered (by Samper) fragmentary preludes to civilization. Fantasizing about the tropics as a place without history and without people (of color), in his visits to European winter gardens Samper tries to turn the Colombian lowlands into a fetish, deactivating its threatening nature. Thus winter gardens can be interpreted as places to gaze into a dystopian world—vegetative spaces, the aftermath of cultural genocide in the Colombian tropics.
At Work in the Fields of Their Lords
Authors: Satchell Veront M.
Published: May 2013

Studies of Atlantic slave societies abound, but few discuss the technological capacity of slave economies or the skilled artisans and technicians who worked plantations. This lack stems primarily from the traditional view that slavery is incompatible with technological innovation, and that artisans, peasants, and petty merchants are politically inert. Jonathan Curry-Machado's Cuban Sugar Industry and Lyman L. Johnson's _ l Workshop of Revolution challenge this traditional view by investigating skilled workers in the slave societies of Cuba and Buenos Aires. Curry Machado demonstrates that nineteenth-century Cuba led global sugar production because its progressive planters invested heavily in modern and efficient machinery and contracted foreign technicians to operate and maintain it. Urban Buenos Aires had no plantations, but many migrant artisans—slave and free, of all races and ethnicities—providing for an ever-increasing urban population. Artisans participated in slave unrest in both societies, and played a leading role in Buenos Aires's 1810 independence.
Nuclear Waste and Historical Time
Authors: Fjaestad Maja
Published: May 2013

The Danish documentary Into Eternity: A Film for the Future has received substantial attention in recent years. It portrays the efforts in Finland to construct a permanent repository where used nuclear fuel is supposed to slumber for 100,000 years, and explores questions connected to this. As an intervention in nuclear debates, Into Eternity is effective. With restraint and subtlety, the film allows the waste problem's inherent drama to take center stage. Major aspects of the issue are depicted, including messages to future generations, the condition and value of the waste a thousand years from now, and the imagined technological competencies of the future. Other topics could have been given space in the documentary, such as economic perspectives and other technical solutions. But the film should serve as an excellent introduction for teaching technology, ethics, and related matters, or to commence discussions about time-spans involved in nuclear waste storage.
Reducing Sequence Artifacts in Amplicon-Based Massively Parallel Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded DNA by Enzymatic Depletion of Uracil-Containing Templates
Authors: Do Hongdo , Wong Stephen Q , Li Jason , Dobrovic Alexander
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are routinely used for detecting mutational biomarkers in patients with cancer. A previous intractable challenge with FFPE DNA in genetic testing has been the high number of artifactual single-nucleotide changes (SNCs), particularly for the detection of low-level mutations. Pretreatment of FFPE DNA with uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) can markedly reduce these C:G>T:A SNCs with a small panel of amplicons. This procedure has implications for massively parallel sequencing approaches to mutation detection from DNA. We investigated whether sequence artifacts were problematic in amplicon-based massively parallel sequencing and what effect UDG pretreatment had on reducing these artifacts.

METHODS

We amplified selected amplicons from lung cancer FFPE DNAs using the TruSeq Cancer Panel. SNCs occurring at a frequency <10% were considered most likely to represent sequence artifacts and were enumerated for both UDG-treated and -untreated DNAs.

RESULTS

Massively parallel sequencing of FFPE DNA samples showed multiple SNCs, predominantly C:G>T:A changes, with a significant proportion occurring above the BACKGROUND sequencing error (defined as 1%). UDG pretreatment markedly reduced C:G>T:A SNCs without affecting the detection of true somatic mutations. However, C:G>T:A changes within CpG dinucleotides were often resistant to the UDG treatment as a consequence of 5-methyl cytosine being deaminated to thymine rather than uracil.

CONCLUSIONS

UDG pretreatment greatly facilitates the accurate discrimination of mutations in FFPE samples by use of amplicon-based approaches. This is particularly important when working with samples with low tumor purity or for the assessment of mutational heterogeneity in tumors.
A convenient one-pot synthesis and bioactivity of N
-dichloroacetyl-5-aryl-1,3-oxazolidines
Authors: Ye Fei , Liu Cheng-Guo , Wang Xin-Ming , Fu Ying , Gao Shuang
Published: May 2013

New N-dichloroacetyl-5-aryl-1,3-oxazolidines 4 were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of an aryl substituted hydroxyalkylamine 1 with aldehyde or ketone 2, followed by acylation, without isolation of the intermediate product 3. The structures of compounds 4 were determined by spectral and elemental analyses. The structure of 4b was determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis. The bioassay results demonstrate that these compounds could alleviate chlorsulfuron injury to maize.
Steroids in semen, their role in spermatogenesis, and the possible impact of endocrine disruptors
Authors: Hampl Richard , Kubátová Jana , Sobotka Vladimír , Heráček Jiří
Published: May 2013

The data on hormonal steroids in the human seminal plasma and their role in spermatogenesis are summarized. The seminal steroid levels need not correlate with the blood plasma levels. The recent reports showed that androgen, especially dihydrotestosterone, and the estrogen levels in the seminal fluid may be used as the markers of spermatogenesis impairment. The estradiol concentration in the seminal plasma was higher than in the blood plasma, and its levels were significantly increased in men with impaired spermatogenesis. A good indicator for predicting the normal spermatogenesis, therefore, seems to be the testosterone/estradiol ratio. The seminal plasma also contains significant amounts of cortisol, which influences the androgen biosynthesis through its receptors in the Leydig cells. The local balance between cortisol and inactive cortisone is regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the activity of which may be affected by the environmental chemicals acting as the endocrine disruptors (EDCs). These compounds are believed to participate in worsening the semen quality – the sperm count, motility, and morphology, as witnessed in the recent last decades. As to the steroids’ role in the testis, the EDCs may act as antiandrogens by inhibiting the enzymes of testosterone biosynthesis, as the agonists or antagonists through their interaction with the steroid hormone receptors, or at the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, though the EDCs affect the steroid action in the testis, there is no report of a direct association between the concentrations of steroids and the EDCs in the seminal fluid. Therefore, measuring the steroids in the semen, along with the various EDCs, could help us better understand the role of the EDCs in the male reproduction.
A Fan-out Splitting Scheduling Algorithm with QoS Difference for Optical Multicast Packet Switching Node
Authors: Liu Huan-lin , Sui Meng , Wu Shuai-yong , Shi Song-lei
Published: May 2013

To improve the optical multicast packet switching node throughput performance, the new multicast scheduling algorithms are need urgently to overcome the entire optical multicast packet discard under the model of “one-shot”. A novel QoS difference optical multicast scheduling algorithm, which supporting the fan-out splitting for optical multicast packet switching node with limited range wavelength converter shared per node and without optical random access memory, is presented in the paper. By dropping partly not all the optical multicast packets which are replicated in the blocking multicast source, the proposed algorithm can improve output port utilization. Moreover, the algorithm is improved to provide service QoS difference for priority different traffic application. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms remarkably improve the throughput of optical multicast packet switch node in comparison with the existing algorithms and support high priority service with high throughput QoS.
Three classes of tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzymes
Authors: Werner Ernst R.
Published: May 2013

Current knowledge distinguishes three classes of tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzymes as based on protein sequence similarity. These three protein sequence clusters hydroxylate three types of substrate atoms and use three different forms of iron for catalysis. The first class to be discovered was the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, which, in mammals, include phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and two isoforms of tryptophan hydroxylases. The protein sequences of these tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases are significantly similar, and all mammalian aromatic amino acid hydroxylases require a non-heme-bound iron atom in the active site of the enzyme for catalysis. The second classes of tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent enzymes to be characterized were the nitric oxide synthases, which in mammals occur as three isoforms. Nitric oxide synthase protein sequences form a separate cluster of homologous sequences with no similarity to aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein sequences. In contrast to aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, nitric oxide synthases require a heme-bound iron for catalysis. The alkylglycerol monooxygenase protein sequence was the most recent to be characterized. This sequence shares no similarity with aromatic amino acid hydroxylases and nitric oxide synthases. Motifs contained in the alkylglycerol monooxygenase protein sequence suggest that this enzyme may use a di-iron center for catalysis.
Folates and antifolates in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jansen Gerrit , Weijers Karin , Blits Marjolein , van der Heijden Joost , Gent Yoony , Al Marjon , van der Laken Conny , Molthoff Carla , Verweij Cor , Voskuijl Alexandre , Lems Willem , Scheper Rik , Peters Godefridus , Ratnam Manohar , Aassaraf Yehuda , Dijkmans Ben
Published: May 2013

Almost all current standard treatment of care for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes the folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX). Despite the proven efficacy of MTX in RA treatment, it is anticipated that further improvement of antifolate-based therapies can be achieved by integrating the continuously extending knowledge of parameters underlying drug efficacy. Herein, an overview will be presented of strategies that may assist in the future design of rationalized and personalized targeted therapies with a folate antagonist. Issues that will be discussed include (i) early detection of arthritis, (ii) genomic studies of folate/MTX pathway genes for MTX response predictions, (iii) identification of MTX resistance modalities, (iv) exploration of second/third generation of antifolates which may substitute for MTX, and (v) folate (food) supplementation.
Community-Based Participatory Research (Cbpr) with Indigenous Communities: Producing Respectful and Reciprocal Research
Authors: Tobias Joshua K. , Richmond Chantelle A. M. , Luginaah Isaac
Published: May 2013

The health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada continue to grow despite an expanding body of research that attempts to address these inequalities, including increased attention from the field of health geography. Here, we draw upon a case study of our own community-based approach to health research with Anishinabe communities in northern Ontario as a means of advocating the growth of such participatory approaches. Using our own case as an example, we demonstrate how a collaborative approach to respectful and reciprocal research can be achieved, including some of the challenges we faced in adopting this approach.
Analysis of Pediatric Clinical Drug Trials for Neuropsychiatric Conditions
Authors: Murthy Srinivas , Mandl Kenneth D. , Bourgeois Florence
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Neuropsychiatric conditions represent a large and increasing disease burden in children. A number of drugs are available for the treatment of these conditions, but most drugs have not been adequately tested in children, and off-label drug use remains widespread. We sought to define and quantify recent and ongoing clinical research on the use of neuropsychiatric drugs in children.

METHODS:

Drug trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2006 and 2011 and studying neuropsychiatric conditions were selected and classified based on the drug’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval status in children. We measured the proportion of trials seeking to expand the use of a drug to pediatric patients and the proportion of available drugs studied in children.

RESULTS:

Only 10% of neuropsychiatric trials focused on children. Of 303 drugs studied in both pediatric and adult populations, 90% lacked FDA approval in children and 97% were not approved in children for the indication studied. However, only 19% of all neuropsychiatric drugs were under study in pediatric populations, with as few as 8% of either antidepressant or antipsychotic drugs. Overall, 76% of pediatric drug trials examined a drug previously unapproved in children and 26% explored the use of a drug for a new indication.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite the rising prevalence of neuropsychiatric disease and the paucity of FDA-approved pediatric drugs, only a small proportion of trials focus on pediatric populations and these trials cover only a fraction of available drugs. This deficiency is most pronounced for depression and schizophrenia.
Effectiveness of Decision Support for Families, Clinicians, or Both on HPV Vaccine Receipt
Authors: Fiks Alexander G. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Mayne Stephanie , Song Lihai , Feemster Kristen , Karavite Dean , Hughes Cayce C. , Massey James , Keren Ron , Bell Louis M. , Wasserman Richard , Localio A. Russell
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, we studied the effectiveness of targeting automated decision support to families, clinicians, or both.

METHODS:

Twenty-two primary care practices were cluster-randomized to receive a 3-part clinician-focused intervention (education, electronic health record-based alerts, and audit and feedback) or none. Overall, 22 486 girls aged 11 to 17 years due for HPV vaccine dose 1, 2, or 3 were randomly assigned within each practice to receive family-focused decision support with educational telephone calls. Randomization established 4 groups: family-focused, clinician-focused, combined, and no intervention. We measured decision support effectiveness by final vaccination rates and time to vaccine receipt, standardized for covariates and limited to those having received the previous dose for HPV #2 and 3. The 1-year study began in May 2010.

RESULTS:

Final vaccination rates for HPV #1, 2, and 3 were 16%, 65%, and 63% among controls. The combined intervention increased vaccination rates by 9, 8, and 13 percentage points, respectively. The control group achieved 15% vaccination for HPV #1 and 50% vaccination for HPV #2 and 3 after 318, 178, and 215 days. The combined intervention significantly accelerated vaccination by 151, 68, and 93 days. The clinician-focused intervention was more effective than the family-focused intervention for HPV #1, but less effective for HPV #2 and 3.

CONCLUSIONS:

A clinician-focused intervention was most effective for initiating the HPV vaccination series, whereas a family-focused intervention promoted completion. Decision support directed at both clinicians and families most effectively promotes HPV vaccine series receipt.
RCT of Timolol Maleate Gel for Superficial Infantile Hemangiomas in 5- to 24-Week-Olds
Authors: Chan Hsien , McKay Catherine , Adams Susan , Wargon Orli
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

Timolol maleate 0.5% gel is a safe and effective medication for treating superficial infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in infants with a median age of 9 weeks.

METHODS:

Forty-one infants who had superficial IHs without ulceration and not near mucosal surfaces were recruited and randomly assigned to placebo and treatment (timolol maleate 0.5% gel) groups. Efficacy was assessed by performing blinded volume measurements at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 and blinded investigator photograph scoring at weeks 0, 12, and 24. Safety was assessed by measuring heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.

RESULTS:

Fifteen of the 19 infants receiving treatment and 17 of the 22 infants receiving placebo completed the study. Significant color change on the blinded photographic scores was noted at week 24 of the study (P = .003). There was a significantly higher proportion of treated IHs that reduced in size by >5% at weeks 20 and 24 (P < .02). The predicted proportion of IH volume change was also significantly less for treated IHs from week 16 onward when compared with placebo (P < .05). There was no significant variation in blood pressure and heart rate between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Topical timolol maleate 0.5% gel with a maximum dose of 0.5 mg per day is a safe and effective option for small superficial IHs that have not ulcerated and are not on mucosal surfaces.
Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy for Pediatric Asthma and Rhinoconjunctivitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Julia M. , Lin Sandra Y. , Suarez-Cuervo Catalina , Chelladurai Yohalakshmi , Ramanathan Murugappan , Segal Jodi B. , Erekosima Nkiruka
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is approved in the United States for the treatment of pediatric asthma and rhinitis; sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) does not have regulatory approval but is used in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of SCIT and SLIT for the treatment of pediatric asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

METHODS:

Two independent reviewers selected articles for inclusion, extracted data, and graded the strength of evidence for each clinical outcome. All studies were randomized controlled trials of children with allergic asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis treated with SCIT or an aqueous formulation of SLIT. Data sources were Medline, Embase, LILACS, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2012.

RESULTS:

In 13 trials, 920 children received SCIT or usual care; in 18 studies, 1583 children received SLIT or usual care. Three studies compared SCIT with SLIT head-to-head in 135 children. The strength of evidence is moderate that SCIT improves asthma and rhinitis symptoms and low that SCIT improves conjunctivitis symptoms and asthma medication scores. Strength of evidence is high that SLIT improves asthma symptoms and moderate that SLIT improves rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms and decreases medication usage. The evidence is low to support SCIT over SLIT for improving asthma or rhinitis symptoms or medication usage. Local reactions were frequent with SCIT and SLIT. There was 1 report of anaphylaxis with SCIT.

CONCLUSIONS:

Evidence supports the efficacy of both SCIT and SLIT for the treatment of asthma and rhinitis in children.
Risk factors, adaptation and resilience – Prematurity in the model of developmental psychopathology
Authors: Hámori Eszter
Published: May 2013

Jelen tanulmányban a koraszülöttek fejlődésére vonatkozó kutatásokat elemzem és helyezem el a fejlődési pszichopatológia szemléleti, konceptuális és módszertani fejlődésének keretében.
Az áttekintett 50 évnyi szakirodalom azt mutatja, hogy a koraszülött-kutatások célkitűzése, kutatási irányainak kijelölése, módszertani és elemzési modelljei jelentős változáson mentek keresztül. A fejlődési pszichopatológiai, valamint a koraszülöttek fejlődésével foglalkozó kutatások az 1970-es, sőt még az 1980-as években is egymástól független koncepciókkal, módszerekkel, modellekkel dolgoztak. Az 1980-as évek közepén indult meg a közeledés a két szakma között, és csak az 1990-es évek végétől alkalmazták a koraszülött-kutatások implicit, majd explicit módon is a fejlődési pszichopatológia modelljeit.
A korai kutatások eredményei számos, a korai fejlődésre jellemző adaptív és maladaptív mintázatot és az ezeket befolyásoló tényezőket tártak fel. Napjaink kutatásai rámutattak, hogy a biológiai és a környezeti rizikófaktorok komplex kölcsönhatásait kell figyelembe venni ahhoz, hogy a fejlődés normális és attól eltérő mintázatait azonosítani lehessen a koraszülött populáción belül. Az eredmények a célzott intervenciós programok finomításában segítenek.
Affective dysregulation and its consequences: Eating disorders and addictions
Authors: Bóna Adrien , Kun Bernadette , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: May 2013

A szelf-szabályozás, ezen belül az érzelemszabályozás fejlődése és a fejlődés zavarai, illetve összefüggésük különböző pszichopatológiai állapotokkal az utóbbi években egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kaptak a klinikai kutatásokban. Jelen tanulmányban egyrészt az érzelemszabályozás zavarait és fejlődéslélektani vonatkozásait tekintjük át, különös figyelemmel a fejlődési pszichopatológiai vonatkozásokra. Másrészt a maladaptív szabályozási mechanizmusok szerepét vizsgáljuk két klinikai vonatkozásban; az addikciók és az evési zavarok kapcsán. Mindkét zavar közös jellemzője a szabályozási deficit, különös tekintettel az affektusok szabályozásának nehézségeire. A tanulmány végén amellett érvelünk, hogy a maladaptív vagy diszfunkcionális érzelemszabályozási technikák legjobban mint transzdiagnosztikus rizikó- és/vagy fenntartó tényezők érthetők meg.
Soft psychological and sociological factors in a hard psychiatric disorder: The mystery of schizophrenia
Authors: Kéri Szabolcs
Published: May 2013

A szkizofrénia klasszikus idegfejlődési elmélete a genetikai sérülékenységre, a korai környezeti hatásokra (például szülészeti komplikációk) és a pszichoszociális stressz ezekkel mutatott kölcsönhatására helyezi a hangsúlyt. Az elmúlt időszakban – az idegtudományok és a genetika fejlődése mellett – a pszichoszociális tényezők szerepe egyre hangsúlyosabbá vált, olyannyira, hogy egyes szerzők az idegfejlődési elméletet kiegészítették a szociális fejlődés modelljével. A közleményben a szerző a szkizofrénia, a gyermek- és serdülőkori pszichotrauma és a bevándorlás kapcsolatát tekinti át. Az újabb epidemiológiai kulcsadatok mellett felvázolja a pszichotikus tüneteket magyarázó kötődéselméleti és neurokognitív modelleket, valamint az idegfejlődési elmélet módosított változatát.
Early Effect of Vomerine Flap Closure of the Hard Palate at the Time of Lip Repair on the Alveolar Gap and Other Maxillary Dimensions
Authors: Maggiulli Federica , Hay Norman , Mars Michael , Worrell Emma , Green James , Sommerlad Brian
Published: May 2013

Objective

Comparison of the effects of vomerine flap (VF) closure of the hard palate at the time of lip repair with non-closure of the hard palate in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design

Retrospective, single-blinded, cohort study.

Setting

Study model sets of 40 consecutive, non-syndromic, infants with complete UCLP operated on between 1988 and 1998.

Patients

All subjects were operated on by a single consultant plastic surgeon immediately before and after the unit's change of protocol (1993), when VF closure of the hard palate was incorporated at the time of lip repair. Subjects were divided into two groups: VF (n = 18) and non-VF (n = 22), which acted as a control group. Each subject had maxillary impressions taken before lip repair at 3 months (VF mean age = 11.7 weeks; non-VF mean age = 13.4 weeks) and before palate repair at 6 months (VF mean age = 22.8 weeks; non-VF mean age = 24.0 weeks).

Main Outcome Measures

Seven predetermined landmarks and four maxillary dimensions were computed following single-blinded analysis using a reflex microscope.

Results

Repeatability tests showed good measurement precision. The operator measurement errors were 0.00018 mm in a horizontal plane (X and Y) and 0.00028 in the vertical plane (Z). The VF group showed significant changes in the alveolar cleft width. There were no statistically significant changes in any arch-form variable between the VF and non-VF groups.

Conclusion

The decrease of alveolar arch gap width at palate repair (6 months) in the VF group was significantly more than the decrease observed in the non-VF group, and there was no significant decrease in the, anterior and posterior arch width or anteroposterior length of the hard palate in the VF group compared with the non-VF group.
The Impact of Child Congenital Heart Disease on Parents of Very Young Children: Considerations for Social Work Practice
Authors: Leon Ana M. , Wallenberg Joanna , Holliker Shannon M.
Published: May 2013

As with other chronic illnesses, parents of very young children with congenital heart disease (CHD) experience stress related to the management of a child's illness. However, limited research is available that examines how CHD impacts parents. Medical social workers providing services to this population must have information on the internal and external stressors experienced in raising a child with CHD. This article identifies those stressors and provides an overview of concepts from various theories, including stress and coping, family systems, and chronic sorrow, that highlight the needs and challenges of parents raising a very young child with CHD. The article concludes with implications for practice, social work education, and research.
African American Adolescents' Interactions with Their Substance-Using Mothers
Authors: Johnson Sharon D.
Published: May 2013

Understanding the interactions that African American youth have with their substance-using mothers is important because of the increased likelihood that these youth depend on their mothers as their primary providers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 urban-dwelling, African American adolescents with substance-using mothers to explore the nature of their interactions. Youth report maternal influence on their attitudes in general and toward child-rearing and peer group affiliations. Communication between the dyads is often strained and youth assume roles of sibling protector and maternal confidant. Youth have supportive adults in their lives but their engagement with these supports is also shaped by maternal substance use. Implications for how direct practice with youth might address these outcomes are discussed.
Realistic changes in seaweed biodiversity affect multiple ecosystem functions on a rocky shore
Authors: Bracken Matthew E. S. , Williams Susan L.
Published: May 2013

Given current threats to biodiversity, understanding the effects of diversity changes on the functions and services associated with intact ecosystems is of paramount importance. However, limited realism in most biodiversity studies makes it difficult to link the large and growing body of evidence for important functional consequences of biodiversity change to real‐world losses of biodiversity. Here, we explored two methods of incorporating realism into biodiversity research: (1) the use of two‐, five‐, and eight‐species assemblages that mimicked those that we observed in surveys of seaweed biodiversity patterns on a northern California (USA) rocky shore and the explicit comparison of those assemblages to random assemblages compiled from the same local species pool; and (2) the measurement of two fundamental ecosystem functions, nitrate uptake and photosynthesis, both of which contribute to growth of primary producers. Specifically, we measured nitrate uptake rates of seaweed assemblages as a function of initial nitrate concentrations and photosynthetic rates as a function of irradiance levels for both realistic and random assemblages of seaweeds. We only observed changes in ecosystem functioning along a richness gradient for realistic assemblages, and both maximum nitrate uptake rates (Vmax) and photosynthetic light use efficiency values (αP = Pmax/IK) were higher in realistic assemblages than in random assemblages. Furthermore, the parameter affected by changes in richness depended on the function being measured. Both Vmax and αP declined with increasing richness in nonrandom assemblages due to a combination of species identity effects (for Vmax) and overyielding effects (for both Vmax and αP). In contrast, neither nitrate uptake efficiency values (αN = Vmax/Ks), nor maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) changed along the gradient in seaweed species richness. Furthermore, overyielding was only evident in realistic assemblages, and the parameters exhibiting overyielding, including Vmax, αN, Pmax, and αP, changed along a gradient in species richness. Our results suggest that in realistic assemblages of species (1) some functions may be maximized at low levels of species richness, and (2) it is not only diversity, per se, that is important for sustaining multiple ecosystem functions, but also the range of diversity values in an ecosystem.
Use of Platelet‐Rich Fibrin Membrane as a Palatal Bandage
Authors: Aravindaksha Shyam Prasad , Batra Puneet , Sood Vishal , Kumar Ashish , Gupta Geeti
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Free gingival grafting is one of the most common techniques used to increase the dimensions of keratinized tissue (KT). The palatal donor sites heal with secondary intention, require a longer time, and cause discomfort to patients. This case series describes the use of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a palatal bandage to cover donor sites. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that describes the use of PRF membrane as a palatal bandage.

Case Series: Five patients requiring augmentation of KT are described in this case series. The palatal donor sites of four of these patients were covered with PRF membranes as a palatal bandage. The donor site of the fifth patient was allowed to heal in a conventional way without PRF membrane to evaluate the difference in healing. The healing was evaluated visually by hydrogen peroxide test at days 12, 13, 18, 19, 24, 25, 30, and 31. Palatal donor sites covered with PRF membranes demonstrated considerably faster healing compared with the site not covered by PRF membrane.

Conclusions: The superior healing observed at the PRF membrane sites supports its use in accelerating soft‐tissue healing. PRF membrane as a palatal bandage is an efficacious approach to protect the raw wound area of a palatal donor site to reduce healing time and patient discomfort.
Characterization of Periodontal Structures of Enamelin‐Null Mice
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Giannobile William V. , Eber Robert M. , Simmer James P. , Hu Jan C.
Published: May 2013

Background: Enamelin‐null (ENAM−/−) mice have no enamel. When characterizing ENAM−/− mice, alveolar bone height reduction was observed, and it was hypothesized that enamel defects combined with diet are associated with the periodontal changes of ENAM−/−mice. The aim of the present study is to compare the dimension of interradicular bone of ENAM−/− (knock‐out [KO]) with wild‐type (WT) mice, maintained on hard (HC) or soft (SC) chow.

Methods: A total of 100 animals divided into four groups were studied at 3, 8, and 24 weeks of age: 1) KO/HC; 2) KO/SC; 3) WT/HC; and 4) WT/SC. Microcomputed tomography was performed, and the following measurements were made between mandibular first (M1) and second (M2) molars: relative alveolar bone height (RBH), crestal bone width (CBW), bone volume (BV), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). The position of M1 and M2 in relation to the inferior border of the mandible was also determined at 24 weeks. All variables were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance and Dunnett test for pairwise comparisons. Morphologic analyses were conducted on hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections.

Results: Radiographically, the enamel layer was absent in ENAM−/− mice. Interproximal open contacts were observed exclusively in ENAM−/− mice, and the prevalence decreased over time, suggesting that a shifting of tooth position had occurred. Additionally, in the two ENAM−/− groups, RBH was significantly lower at 8 and 24 weeks (P <0.02); CBW, BV, and BMC were significantly less (P <0.05) at 24 weeks. No differences in BMD were found among the four groups. The molars migrated to a more coronal position in ENAM−/− mice and mice on HC. Histologic findings were consistent with radiographic observations. After eruption, the junctional epithelium was less organized in ENAM−/− mice.

Conclusion: The interdental bone density was not affected in the absence of enamelin, but its volume was, which is likely a consequence of alternations in tooth position.
Detection of Eight Periodontal Microorganisms and Distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA Genotypes in Chinese Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Feng Xianghui , Zhang Li , Xu Li , Meng Huanxin , Lu Ruifang , Chen Zhibin , Shi Dong , Wang Xiane
Published: May 2013

Background: The microbiologic feature of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Chinese patients has not yet been determined. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of eight periodontal microorganisms and the distribution of the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotype in a cohort of Chinese patients with AgP.

Methods: Saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected from 81 patients with AgP (25 with incisor–first molar type and 56 with generalized type [GAgP]) and 34 periodontally healthy controls. Eight periodontal microorganisms, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected in these samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the distribution of fimA genotypes was assessed in P. gingivalis–positive individuals by PCR.

Results: The prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, C. rectus, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with AgP was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with GAgP was relatively low (30.4%) compared with other pathogens. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that younger patients were more likely to harbor A. actinomycetemcomitans (odds ratio = 2.85). Type II was the most prevalent fimA genotype of P. gingivalis in patients with AgP.

Conclusions: P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, C. rectus, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were the predominant periodontal pathogens of patients with GAgP in China. Type II of fimA was the most prevalent genotype of P. gingivalis in patients with AgP. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with GAgP was relatively low.
Preparation and properties of fast temperature-responsive soy protein/PNIPAAm IPN hydrogels
Authors: Liu Yong , Cui Yingde , Wu Guojie , Liao Miaochan
Published: May 2013

The interpenetrating polymer network of fast temperature-responsive hydrogels
based on soy protein and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were successfully
prepared using the sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solutions as the reaction
medium. The structure and properties of the hydrogels were characterized by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy,
differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The
swelling and deswelling kinetics were also investigated in detail. The
results have shown that the proposed hydrogels had high porous structure,
good miscibility and thermal stability, and fast temperature responsivity.
The presence of NaHCO3 had little effect on the volume phase transition
temperature (VPTT) of the hydrogels, and the VPTTs were at about 32?C.
Compared with the traditional hydrogels, the proposed hydrogels had much
faster swelling and deswelling rate. The swelling mechanism of the hydrogels
was the non-Fickian diffusion. This fast temperature-responsive hydrogels
may have potential applications in the field of biomedical materials.