bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dental Implant Maintenance
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Gayathri , I. Narayana Aparna , Balakrishnan Dhanasekar
Published: November 2021

As dental implant treatment has become a part of mainstream dental therapy, it is imperative to implement dental implant maintenance guidelines to achieve the long-term success of implant prostheses. Earlier, the success of a dental implant was mainly focused on the surgical phase to achieve good primary stability, with time, this belief has taken a major paradigm shift towards implementing and ensuring a periodic recall and following a maintenance phase for dental implants to achieve long-term success. As the dental team strives to attain and maintain the long-term success of implant prostheses, the patient should also recognize that their contribution towards the success of implant prostheses is also equally indispensable. This chapter highlights the importance of maintaining oral hygiene in implant rehabilitated patients and enumerates the implant maintenance protocol to be followed along with the different in-home and in-office procedures which can be implemented to achieve long-term success of the implant and peri-implant structures.
The Role of the Dental Therapists and Oral Hygienists in the Immediate Response to Traumatic Dental Injuries
Authors: R.M.D. Ralephenya Tshakane , Ngwenya Sizakele , A. Mothupi Kelebogile
Published: November 2021

Dental Therapists and Oral Hygienists receive training in dental trauma in their curriculum. When they are in their workspace however, many are not confident enough to provide treatment for patients presenting with dental trauma in the oral health setting. As members of the dental team they play an important role in the management of patients who present with traumatic dental injuries. It is therefore important that guidelines are developed for them to understand the role they need to play when providing oral health treatment. The chapter will focus on the etiology of dental trauma to assist the oral health clinicians to prepare for a diagnosis. The classification of traumatic dental injuries will be explained. This will lead to the description of the classified injuries and their management. Clear guidelines and management for the patients will thereafter be provided. The prevention of traumatic dental injuries will also be discussed so that the treatment provided to the patients is improved.
Molecular Diagnosis of Fungal Sinusitis Using Limit of Detection
Authors: Ranjibar Yaser , Shahhosseiny Mohammad Hassan , Karimpour Farouq , Keshavarzi Fatemeh
Published: November 2021

Background: As an inflammatory process that involves the paranasal sinuses, chronic sinusitis (CS) is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses that affects all age groups. Parasitic fungi are involved in sinusitis infections. Objective: This study is aimed at the molecular detection of sinusitis caused by such fungi. Methods: Seventy-two samples were collected from the secretions of maxillary and frontal sinuses of patients from Rasoul-e Akram (PbUH) Hospital in Tehran during sinus operation. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted by a DNP kit. The detection of fungi was carried out by employing a sequence-specific target, namely mt cyte b gene locus, and using primers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was optimized, and the limit of detection (LOD) and specificity tests were performed. The amplicon was cloned by the T/A cloning method, which was used for sequencing and positive control. Results: The 430-bp PCR product underwent appropriate propagation before being amplified and was observed on 1.5% electrophoreses gel. The evaluation of the selected primers with seven DNA constructs from another microorganisms demonstrated 100% specificity. The limit of detection of the optimized test was evaluated up to 50 fungi. Out of 72 samples, 9.7% were positive for fungi existence. Conclusions: This study indicated that molecular diagnosis of the target mt cyte b gene using LOD enhances clinical laboratory detection of fungal sinusitis.
Screening Key Differentially Expressed Genes in Kawasaki Disease via Integrated Analysis
Authors: Li Keliang , Jiao Yan , Liang Jingjing , Pan Pingping , Zhu Yanji , Li Yilei
Published: November 2021

Background: The current study was done to identify key genes associated with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: Three datasets were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of DEGs in KD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of DEGs. Results: In total, 2923 DEGs (1239 up- and 1684 down-regulated genes) were detected in KD. Ribosome, Leishmaniasis, and Tuberculosis significantly enriched KEGG pathways of DEGs. Six DEGs, including ADM, S100A12, ZNF438, MYD88, FCGR2A, and FCGR3B, were selected for qRT-PCR validation. Except for MYD88, the qRT-PCR results displayed similar expression patterns with that in our integrated analysis. ROC analysis revealed the diagnostic value of the six DEGs. Conclusions: Our study was expected to provide clues toward understanding the pathophysiology of KD inflammation.
Red Ginger Oil Affects COX-2 and NMDAR Expression During Inflammatory- or Neuropathy-Induced Chronic Pain in Mice
Authors: Fajrin Fifteen Aprila , Hidayanti Elsa Dwi , Khoiroh Nila Lutfiatul , Sulistyaningrum Gati , Imandasari Nidia , Afifah Afifah , Hartono Sugi
Published: November 2021

Background: Chronic pain treatment until now is still challenging because of its complex pathopgysiology. Previously, red ginger oil (RGO) reduced pain behavior in a mouse model of chronic pain, but the mechanisms were unclear. Objectives: This study examined the effect of RGO on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) using inflammatory- or neuropathy-induced chronic pain in mice. Methods: Red ginger was distilled with composition 1:2 using water. The acute toxicity of RGO was evaluated using OECD guidelines 423. Chronic pain was induced in 48 mice by either (1) intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (inflammatory group) or (2) partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) (neuropathy group). After seven days, mice were randomly divided into sham, CFA/PSNL, or RGO (at doses of 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) treatment groups. Treatments were given orally once daily until day 14. On day 15, mice were euthanized, and the brains and spinal cords were removed and fixed in 10% formalin. Hyperalgesia behavior was evaluated using hot plate test. Spinal cord morphology was analyzed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. COX-2 and NMDAR expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: RGO treatment improved spinal cord morphology after the induction of chronic pain. RGO at 600 mg/kg also reduced COX-2 expression in the spinal cord and brain, and reduced NMDAR2B in the spinal cord. However, RGO at 600 mg/kg increased NMDAR2A expression in the spinal cord. Conclusions: RGO administration diminished hyperalgesia in chronic pain models through inhibition of COX-2 and NMDAR2B.
Climate change governance in agroforestry systems: a systematic review
Authors: Katic Pamela
Published: November 2021

Agroforestry has the potential to fundamentally transform socio-ecological systems to address the root causes of climate vulnerability. Although there is increasing interest in agroforestry as a transformative adaptation strategy, its implementation is often discouraged by the need to involve multiple stakeholders, sectors, and governance levels with potentially different interests. We draw on a systematic review of sixty-four peer-reviewed papers on climate change governance in agroforestry systems to (1) outline the current state of the literature, (2) characterise how governance is conceptualised, (3) investigate governance challenges, and (4) provide insights into effective governance. The review finds that most relevant papers have been published in the past three years, and most of these papers are found in interdisciplinary journals. The main governance challenges include coordinating polycentricity, overcoming power imbalances, and sharing, translating, and integrating different types of knowledge. However, few empirical studies of agroforestry governance have been completed. A richer conceptual framework of governance is required to improve our ability to navigate the role of sustainable land management practices such as agroforestry in successful climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Out of sight � out of regulation? Underground space governance in the UK
Authors: Grecksch Kevin
Published: November 2021

Underground space has been used by humans for thousands of years: for example, to extract mineral resources or water. Against the background of increasing populations, urbanisation, and energy demand, underground space has come back into focus, promising to ease pressure above the surface. However, geological underground models deliver only frameworks for possible uses and we do not know much about the context between geological characteristics and human uses, demands, and changes of underground space. Moreover, governing underground space can be complicated as it involves conflicting objectives and regulatory frameworks. One key objective, therefore, must be to conceptualise and implement new approaches to underground governance, taking into account its diverse uses and various stakeholders� claims. This article introduces the current situation of underground space governance and regulation in the UK, discussing different themes, such as property rights, regulation, planning, groundwater, fracking, and the future of underground space use exemplified by the storage of nuclear waste.
Swallowing disorders in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a critical literature review
Authors: Luccas Gabriele Ramos de , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: November 2021

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function since repetitive episodes of OSA may cause hypoxia (decreased oxygen concentration in the blood) and hypercapnia (increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood), as well as neuromuscular changes in the tissues involved, including the pharynx. This study aims to analyze whether patients with OSA show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function. A literature search was performed in the PubMed, LILACS, Medline, Scopus, and SciELO databases by using the following search strategy: (“dysphagia”) or (“deglutition disorders”) and (“obstructive sleep apnea”) or (“obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”). The included articles were sorted by authors, year, country, journal of publication, and type of study, as well as analyzed according to the objectives, case series, OSA and swallowing assessment methods, results and conclusions. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten articles published in medicine, dentistry and physiology journals between 1999 and 2018 were selected. The analysis of the selected articles showed that the number of participants and group structuring vary according to the study and instrumental and objective exams are used to assess swallowing and sleep in most articles. Also, the results show that groups of patients with OSA can present altered swallowing reflex, altered latency time and inspiratory suppression time, and presence of premature posterior escape, residues, penetration and aspiration. Premature posterior escape was the most frequent sign found. In conclusion, patients with OSA may show signs and symptoms of altered swallowing function.
Effects of social isolation on sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Ramírez-Ortiz Jairo , Fontecha-Hernández Jeisson
Published: November 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a public health emergency that has seriously affected mental health in the general population. Both, studies on previous epidemics and those conducted during the current pandemic have reported a wide range of psychosocial consequences and multiple psychological symptoms as a result of said outbreaks, and among these problems, sleep/wake cycle alterations stand out. Publications addressing this phenomenon have consistently reported that nearly a third of people who experience social isolation develop insomnia, which, in turn, is an important predictor for mental disorders that affect people’s functionality, including anxiety disorders, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. This reflection paper aims to describe the effects that social isolation may have on sleep in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
K-MEDOID PETAL-SHAPED CLUSTERING FOR THE CAPACITATED VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM
Authors: Bührmann Jacoba , Bruwer Frances
Published: November 2021

In this research, k-medoid clustering is modelled and evaluated for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The k-medoid clustering method creates petal-shaped clusters, which could be an effective method to create routes in the CVRP. To determine routes from the clusters, an existing metaheuristic — the ruin and recreate (R&R) method — is applied to each generated cluster. The results are benchmarked to those of a well-known clustering method, k-means clustering. The performance of the methods is measured in terms of travel cost and distance travelled, which are well-known metrics for the CVRP. The results show that k-medoid clustering method outperforms the benchmark method for most instances of the test datasets, although the CVRP without any predefined clusters still provides solutions that are closer to optimal. Clustering remains a reliable distribution management tool and reduces the processing requirements of large-scale CVRPs.
STEPS TO IMPROVE LOGBOOK COMPLIANCE FOR DIESEL REBATES: A PROCESS-DRIVEN APPROACH
Authors: Ngwaku Refilwe , Pascoe Janine , Vosloo Jan , van Laar Jean
Published: November 2021

Diesel accounts for up to 46 per cent of mining operations costs. In 2001, the Customs and Excise Act was amended to allow rebates for qualifying diesel users. The rebate aims to protect the international competitiveness of the South African mining industry. One of the key requirements for the diesel rebate is to submit logbooks that are compliant; however, the mining industry is struggling to maintain accurate logbook verification. Failure to comply with logbook requirements has prevented eligible mines from benefitting from the rebate. This paper presents a stepwise methodology to support the values reported in logbooks and submitted to the South African Revenue Service (SARS). The methodology focuses on four issues of data quality: data measurement, data verification, data traceability, and data reporting. With this approach, 151 errors were identified and corrected in a case study. A compliant logbook is shown to be the first step towards improved diesel management.
SYSTEMIC EFFICIENCY: A KEY CONSIDERATION IN THE DESIGN OF NEW DEDICATED RAIL FREIGHT PROJECTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Mulke Friedel , Havenga Jan , van Eeden Joubert
Published: November 2021

Crafting systemic engineering fundamentals into a structured design model that includes demand definition, systemic design, and efficient operations enables the railway design process to achieve viable solutions. The design model incorporates types of efficiencies that are fundamental to successfully operating new railway systems. A relationship between the geometrical layout of the new track and the technical efficiency of the dynamic hauling process and fuel consumption was determined. New results were obtained from simulation work done on the operating efficiency of the crossing of trains, and cast new light on the traditional formulae used for track capacity. The effect of total systemic efficiency on the resultant cycle time and rolling stock fleet sizes is demonstrated in this paper. The rail tariff and the internal rate of return (IRR) are interlinked, and the effect of inefficiencies on the performance and returns of the new railway project is illustrated.
Financial accounting for the common good – from a social economy perspective
Authors:   , McCulloch Maureen
Published: November 2021

This thesis is a pragmatic exploration of concepts to be found in social economy organisations with a view to improving the connection between financial accounting practice and organisational impact in the social and physical world. It approaches financial accounting from a social economy perspective. The research draws on ideas from Aristotle, contrasting the pursuit of wealth for its own sake – chrematistics – with the pursuit of the wise allocation of resources towards a good society in which people can flourish – economics. It also uses Kantian concepts of creative agency and experience as essentially limited and emergent, to discuss the inevitability of diverse views of flourishing. The study develops through three stages. First, there is a qualitative case study exploration of ideas of purpose found in a range of social enterprises. Second, there is analysis of the findings using theories drawn from development studies and sociology. Third, there is a discussion of the implications for current practice in accounting for financial resources, specifically contrasting not for profit accounting with for profit accounting. The findings suggest that the social economy accommodates myriad possible purposes, both macro and micro, within and between organisations, with the organisational macro purpose acting as the internal orchestrator of other priorities. Our current not for profit formats and systems for financial accounting, if understood in non-philanthropic, multiple macro and micro purposes terminology, provide a starting point for the development of financial accounting as a tool for Aristotelian economics; for the allocation of resources to meet diverse needs and interests. The study contributes to critical accounting research, particularly the strand focused on flourishing, from the perspective of the social economy. It shows that the multiple purposes approach, by accommodating choice of organisational macro purpose, can encompass profit as a macro purpose but the for profit approach is too narrow to accommodate any other purpose. It demonstrates that we already have in practice a broader, more flexible way of accounting for financial resources than for profit accounting, and suggests that this approach should be recognized and further developed.
Zum Schreien
Authors: Menzfeld Mira , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: November 2021

Cet article examine les émotions que ressentent des personnes conscientes en train de mourir, émotions qui ne font pas partie des modèles culturels du mourir qu’elles ont intériorisés. Dans l’intention de proposer un répertoire terminologique qui soit capable d’évoquer la pluralité et la particularité de l’ensemble des expériences du mourir à travers le monde, je commence par introduire deux termes pour aborder et comparer différentes conceptions du mourir en contextes interculturels : lapré-exitalitéet lapost-exitalité. Le mourir pré-exital recèle la possibilité de faire l’expérience de son propre processus de mourir et de lui donner forme en tant que personne encore vivante. Cela inclut le fait d’être confronté à certaines émotions qui ne sont pas aussi faciles que d’autres à gérer parce qu’elles ne font pas partie des contextes implicites et explicites spécifiques aux modèles culturels du mourir. Une observation participante menée avec des personnes mourantes entre 2013 et 2016 a révélé que des malades en phase terminale peuvent dissimuler des émotions « troublantes » afin de ne pas irriter leurs proches, voire elles-mêmes ; cependant, même si elles sont voilées, ces émotions existent. Examiner la façon dont les personnes mourantes en Allemagne abordent concrètement les dimensions « troublantes » que sont les sentiments a) de la gaieté et de l’humour et b) de l’envie et de la jalousie envers les personnes non mourantes nous offrira une meilleure compréhension de la façon dont peuvent se dérouler le ressenti émotionnel et la gestion des émotions au cours du mourir.
Palliatif
Authors: Sarradon-Eck Aline , Bureau-Point Eve , Mathiot Aurélia
Published: November 2021

Dans les représentations sociales des malades, les soins palliatifs sont souvent associés à la phase terminale de la fin de vie. Ces représentations ont été identifiées par les professionnels de la santé comme un obstacle à l’instauration d’une démarche palliative plus précoce dans le parcours de soins de patients souffrant d’une maladie létale. Basé sur des entretiens réalisés en France avec des malades atteints de cancers à un stade avancé et leurs aidants, cet article vise à décrire les représentations que se font malades et familles des soins palliatifs et leurs effets sur la trajectoire de soins. L’article rend compte de difficultés de compréhension des objectifs des soins palliatifs. Il montre que l’association étroite, dans les représentations sociales, entre soins palliatifs et fin de vie prend racine dans une histoire ancienne des soins palliatifs, mais aussi dans les représentations du corps médical ainsi que dans des considérations idéologiques (qui émergent notamment avec les débats publics autour du suicide médicalement assisté). L’expérience des soins palliatifs apporte quant à elle une connaissance plus fine de ces services aux patients et à leurs proches.
Administrer des demandes de mort, entre amour et justice
Authors: Blouin Samuel
Published: November 2021

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique sur l’assistance à mourir au Québec réalisée entre 2015 et 2019, l’auteur explore ce qui est en jeu au cours de l’administration d’une demande d’aide médicale à mourir (AMM). Par la Loi concernant les soins de fin de vie, entrée en vigueur en 2015, l’Assemblée nationale du Québec a légalisé l’AMM, une forme d’euthanasie. En s’appuyant sur des observations de processus d’administration de demandes d’AMM (rencontres entre professionnels, évaluation, administration, groupes de parole) et des entretiens menés auprès de professionnels, de proches et d’une personne demandeuse au sein d’un hôpital de la grande région de Montréal, l’auteur expose comment l’encastrement de l’AMM dans les soins s’appuie sur une éthique en actes qui permet aux personnes engagées dans ces situations de réaliser les quatre conditions de possibilité de cette pratique qu’il identifie. Pour y arriver, ces personnes naviguent entre deux régimes d’action conceptualisés par Luc Boltanski, soit un régime d’amour — qui commande le soulagement immédiat de la souffrance perçue chez une personne singulière — et un régime de justice — qui passe par l’établissement d’équivalences entre une variété de situations. L’article dégage les maximes pratiques, empruntant à ces deux régimes, qui permettent aux acteurs de parvenir à une entente située sur la possibilité d’administrer l’AMM.
Alojamientos desinfectados y cuerpos sanos: reflexiones sobre la respuesta de Airbnb a la pandemia
Authors: Roelofsen Maartje , Minca Claudio
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo examina algunos de los principales cambios registrados en la política de viajes, los estándares y los protocolos de Airbnb desde que se iniciara la pandemia de COVID-19. Constituye una reflexión sobre cómo el clima de incertidumbre instalado desde la crisis sanitaria mundial, ha llevado a Airbnb a fomentar entre sus usuarios nuevas actitudes y valores relacionados con la flexibilidad, la adaptabilidad, la responsabilidad y el compromiso de largo plazo. Se analizan, en particular, los nuevos protocolos y medidas que han dado origen a una política uniforme y de transparencia en las cuestiones relacionadas con la salud y la seguridad, pero también en las interacciones sociales y los modos de comunicación personal, el trabajo, así como en el comportamiento diario de los anfitriones y los huéspedes de Airbnb. También se pone en relieve la manera en que los cambios aplicados en la plataforma han sido objeto de cuestionamientos, expresados mediante algunas protestas en contra de las nuevas medidas, las cuales fueron recogidas en el Airbnb Community Center. Por último, se presentan algunas observaciones sobre el desarrollo futuro del sistema de hospitalidad de Airbnb y sus posibles consecuencias para los viajes y el turismo en escenarios postpandémicos.
NOVEL POTENTIALLY BIODEGRADABLE POLYURETHANES FROM BIO-BASED POLYOLS
Authors: Radojčić Dragana , Ionescu Mihail , Petrović Zoran S.
Published: November 2021

Completely bio-based polyols, suitable for the preparation of rigid polyurethanes were synthesized from polyglycerol, lactic acid and fatty acids. Lactic units were introduced into the polyol structure by the ring opening addition of L-lactide to hydroxyl groups, in the presence of the titanium(IV) isopropoxide catalyst. To address the incompatibility issue of simple lactide–(poly)glycerol polyols with isocyanates, vegetable oil-based fatty acids were introduced into the polyol structure. Cast thermosetting polyurethane resins were prepared by reacting polyols with diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Polyurethanes were crosslinked glassy amorphous materials with tensile strength of ~ 60 MPa, flexural modulus of 0.9 - 2.3 GPa and notched Izod impact resistance of 30 - 80 J/m. These polyurethanes are potentially biodegradable.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTIVELY OXIDIZED LYOCELL FIBERS
Authors: Milanović Jovana , Kostić Mirjana , Dimitrijević Suzana , Popović Katarina , Škundrić Petar
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this research was to study antibacterial activity of selectively oxidized lyocell fibers with incorporated silver particles against gram (+) and gram (-) pathogens. Antibacterial properties were accomplished by incorporation of silver ions into modified lyocell fibers by chemisorption from aqueous silver nitrate solution. In order to improve sorption properties of lyocell fibers, the selective TEMPO-mediated oxidation, i.e. oxidation with sodium hypochlorite and catalytic amount of sodium bromide and 2,2´,6,6´-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radical (TEMPO), was applied. The influence of oxidation conditions оn the amount of sorbed silver, and thus on the degree of antibacterial activity was determined. It was found that the maximum amount of sorbed silver was 0.996 mmol/g cell. The antibacterial activity of the TEMPO-oxidized lyocell fibers with silver particles was confirmed in vitro against two strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The silver-loaded TEMPO-oxidized lyocell fibers showed better antimicrobial activity against strain Staphylococcus aureus.
Artistic reality of the TV series “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel”
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the artistic reality of the popular TV series “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel”. There author discusses the feedback of the viewers, including negative. The question is raised on the reasons of its series, as in terms of rigorous analysis it seems mosaic and contradictory. The article explores the artistic techniques (split mind of the hero, bringing modern problems to the past, which create the artistic reality). It is demonstrated that the TV series enjoys popularity namely for representation of the modern problems and situations, despite the use of historical records. Following the logic of comedy-drama streaming TV series, its creators my Sherman-Palladino and Rachel Brosnahan readjusted all historical and non-historical themes and plotline so it would be entertaining for the audience, rather than give knowledge of history. The reality of the series is not a stand-up story based on the example of Mrs. Maisel, but the artistic reality in the comedy-drama genre. Detailed analysis is conducted on the techniques of depicting split personality of the hero, as well as presentation of the actor’s personal life and problems as a skillful acting. The author wonders whether the TV series “The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel” reflects rather the structure of the mosaic mentality of the modern viewer, oriented towards entertainment and aesthetic experiences than the knowledge of life. At the end of the research, the author discusses how the producers managed to create a holistic and organic artistic reality of the TV series.
POTENTIAL OF CHORUS GROUP AS A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT TO FORM CIVIC AND AESTHETIC COMPETENCVE OF PERSONALITY
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture, Bairamova L.V. , Kashina I.S. , Pererva O.Yu.
Published: November 2021

Topicality of the researched problem due to the growing threat to national safety in the cultural area is discussed. Choral singing has spiritual and moral content, emotional, aesthetic, civic and patriotic impact on the singers and listeners of choral pieces and can be a means to involve the young generation in the national and cultural values of the Russian people. Corus group is a social and cultural platform to form the civic and aesthetic competence of personality, being a result of the integration of civic, moral and aesthetic education, forming civic identity, values based attitude to Motherland, folk culture and its abundant artistic and aesthetic traditions. Potential of the chorus group as a social and cultural environment to form civic and aesthetic competence is determined by the complex of its functions: educational, cognitive, communicative, artistic, aesthetic and recreational.
FORESIGHT TECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERNIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM WITH THE FOCUS ON THE DIGITAL CULTURE OF THE FUTURE TEACHER
Authors:   Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Bezhina V.V. , Uvarina N.V. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

This article focuses on the role of foresight technology in the process of updating educational programmes in the Republic of Kazakhstan with an emphasis on the digital culture of the future teacher. The authors of the article offer ways to introduce foresight technology with the joint effective interaction of stakeholders (students, teachers, employers, etc.) in the process of modernizing the three aspects of the educational programme (on the example of the educational program of the bachelor level “Foreign language: two foreign languages”) - the purpose, content-based component and the operational one. The authors present the possibilities of foresight technology in relation to the verbalized form of joint activities through the analysis of the Minor programs (additional educational program) in creating the foundation of the digital culture of the future teacher (the authors unveil the list of updated 16 minor programs with an emphasis on the digital culture of the future teacher). The article presents fragments of a profession card with a prognostic component, excerpts from the list of formed competencies with the possibility of prognostic modernization.
A novel live-cell imaging assay reveals regulation of endosome maturation
Authors: Podinovskaia Maria , Prescianotto-Baschong Cristina , Buser Dominik P , Spang Anne
Published: November 2021

Cell-cell communication is an essential process in life, with endosomes acting as key organelles for regulating uptake and secretion of signaling molecules. Endocytosed material is accepted by the sorting endosome where it either is sorted for recycling or remains in the endosome as it matures to be degraded in the lysosome. Investigation of the endosome maturation process has been hampered by the small size and rapid movement of endosomes in most cellular systems. Here, we report an easy versatile live-cell imaging assay to monitor endosome maturation kinetics, which can be applied to a variety of mammalian cell types. Acute ionophore treatment led to enlarged early endosomal compartments that matured into late endosomes and fused with lysosomes to form endolysosomes. Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion and PI(3)P formation and turn over were recapitulated with this assay and could be observed with a standard widefield microscope. We used this approach to show that Snx1 and Rab11-positive recycling endosome recruitment occurred throughout endosome maturation and was uncoupled from Rab conversion. In contrast, efficient endosomal acidification was dependent on Rab conversion. The assay provides a powerful tool to further unravel various aspects of endosome maturation.
Machine learning applications to predict two-phase flow patterns
Authors: Arteaga-Arteaga Harold Brayan , Mora-Rubio Alejandro , Florez Frank , Murcia-Orjuela Nicolas , Diaz-Ortega Cristhian Eduardo , Orozco-Arias Simon , delaPava Melissa , Bravo-Ortíz Mario Alejandro , Robinson Melvin , Guillen-Rondon Pablo , Tabares-Soto Reinel
Published: November 2021

Recent advances in artificial intelligence with traditional machine learning algorithms and deep learning architectures solve complex classification problems. This work presents the performance of different artificial intelligence models to classify two-phase flow patterns, showing the best alternatives for this specific classification problem using two-phase flow regimes (liquid and gas) in pipes. Flow patterns are affected by physical variables such as superficial velocity, viscosity, density, and superficial tension. They also depend on the construction characteristics of the pipe, such as the angle of inclination and the diameter. We selected 12 databases (9,029 samples) to train and test machine learning models, considering these variables that influence the flow patterns. The primary dataset is Shoham (1982), containing 5,675 samples with six different flow patterns. An extensive set of metrics validated the results obtained. The most relevant characteristics for training the models using Shoham (1982) dataset are gas and liquid superficial velocities, angle of inclination, and diameter. Regarding the algorithms, the Extra Trees model classifies the flow patterns with the highest degree of fidelity, achieving an accuracy of 98.8%.
Whole-limb scaling of muscle mass and force-generating capacity in amniotes
Authors: Bishop Peter J. , Wright Mark A. , Pierce Stephanie E.
Published: November 2021

Skeletal muscle mass, architecture and force-generating capacity are well known to scale with body size in animals, both throughout ontogeny and across species. Investigations of limb muscle scaling in terrestrial amniotes typically focus on individual muscles within select clades, but here this question was examined at the level of the whole limb across amniotes generally. In particular, the present study explored how muscle mass, force-generating capacity (measured by physiological cross-sectional area) and internal architecture (fascicle length) scales in the fore- and hindlimbs of extant mammals, non-avian saurians (‘reptiles’) and bipeds (birds and humans). Sixty species spanning almost five orders of magnitude in body mass were investigated, comprising previously published architectural data and new data obtainedviadissections of the opossumDidelphis virginianaand the tegu lizardSalvator merianae. Phylogenetic generalized least squares was used to determine allometric scaling slopes (exponents) and intercepts, to assess whether patterns previously reported for individual muscles or functional groups were retained at the level of the whole limb, and to test whether mammals, reptiles and bipeds followed different allometric trajectories. In general, patterns of scaling observed in individual muscles were also observed in the whole limb. Reptiles generally have proportionately lower muscle mass and force-generating capacity compared to mammals, especially at larger body size, and bipeds exhibit strong to extreme positive allometry in the distal hindlimb. Remarkably, when muscle mass was accounted for in analyses of muscle force-generating capacity, reptiles, mammals and bipeds almost ubiquitously followed a single common scaling pattern, implying that differences in whole-limb force-generating capacity are principally driven by differences in muscle mass, not internal architecture. In addition to providing a novel perspective on skeletal muscle allometry in animals, the new dataset assembled was used to generate pan-amniote statistical relationships that can be used to predict muscle mass or force-generating capacity in extinct amniotes, helping to inform future reconstructions of musculoskeletal function in the fossil record.
Impact of T cells on neurodegeneration in anti‐GAD65 limbic encephalitis
Authors: Dik Andre , Widman Guido , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Witt Juri‐Alexander , Pitsch Julika , Golombeck Kristin S. , Wagner Jan , Gallus Marco , Strippel Christine , Hansen Niels , Mönig Constanze , Räuber Saskia , Wiendl Heinz , Elger Christian E. , Surges Rainer , Meuth Sven G. , Helmstaedter Christoph , Gross Catharina C. , Becker Albert J. , Melzer Nico
Published: November 2021

Objective

Direct pathogenic effects of autoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) have been questioned due to its intracellular localization. We therefore hypothesized a pathogenic role for T cells.

Methods

We assessed magnet resonance imaging, neuropsychological and peripheral blood, and CSF flow cytometry data of 10 patients with long‐standing GAD65‐LE compared to controls in a cross‐sectional manner. These data were related to each other within the GAD65‐LE group and linked to neuropathological findings in selective hippocampectomy specimen from another two patients. In addition, full‐resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping of all patients was performed.

Results

Compared to controls, no alteration in hippocampal volume but impaired memory function and elevated fractions of activated HLADR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid were found. Intrathecal fractions of CD8+ T cells negatively correlated with hippocampal volume and memory function, whereas the opposite was true for CD4+ T cells. Consistently, antigen‐experienced CD8+ T cells expressed increased levels of the cytotoxic effector molecule perforin in peripheral blood, and perforin‐expressing CD8+ T cells were found attached mainly to small interneurons but also to large principal neurons together with wide‐spread hippocampal neurodegeneration. 6/10 LE patients harbored the HLA‐A*02:01 allele known to present the immunodominant GAD65114–123 peptide in humans.

Interpretation

Our data suggest a pathogenic effect of CD8+ T cells and a regulatory effect of CD4+ T cells in patients with long‐standing GAD65‐LE.
NiSb@PEO Hollow Nanospheres with Stabilized Structure for Improved Sodium Storage
Authors: Xu Changhong , Zhang Yifan , Jia Shupei , Ge Yilin , Liu Peng , Wang Feng , Yao Qingrong , Deng Jianqiu
Published: November 2021

Antimony has a high theoretical capacity, is widely used as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIB). However, the reversible sodiation/desodiation causes the structure collapse of the materials and then a rapid capacity fade. To solve this issue, the rationally designed NiSb@PEO (PEO, polyethylene oxide) hierarchical hollow nanospheres are successfully synthesized via the combination of hydrothermal and galvanic replacement methods. The unique hierarchical hollow nanospheres can alleviate volume expansion and mechanical stress, maintaining structural integrity during cycling. The PEO coating offers a highly conducive network and is conducive to forming stable solid electrolyte interface film on the surface of NiSb nanospheres. In addition, the nanospheres can shorten the transport pathway for the charged species. Benefiting from these structural advantages, NiSb@PEO hollow nanospheres as anodes for SIB display excellent sodium storage properties. At the current density of 100 mA g−1, the initial charge specific capacity of the NiSb@PEO anode is 446 mAh g−1, and the capacity retains 82.5% after 100 cycles. NiSb@PEO can maintain a reversible capacity of 284 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 1600 mA g−1.
Interlayer Interactions in 1D Van der Waals Moiré Superlattices
Authors: Zhao Sihan , Kitaura Ryo , Moon Pilkyung , Koshino Mikito , Wang Feng
Published: November 2021

Studying two‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) moiré superlattices and their interlayer interactions have received surging attention after recent discoveries of many new phases of matter that are highly tunable. Different atomistic registry between layers forming the inner and outer nanotubes can also form one‐dimensional (1D) vdW moiré superlattices. In this review, experimental observations and theoretical perspectives related to interlayer interactions in 1D vdW moiré superlattices are summarized. The discussion focuses on double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), a model 1D vdW moiré system, and the authors highlight the new optical features emerging from the non‐trivial strong interlayer coupling effect and the unique physics in 1D DWNTs. Future directions and questions in probing the intriguing physical phenomena in 1D vdW moiré superlattices such as, correlated physics in different 1D moiré systems beyond DWNTs are proposed and discussed.
Validation of a modified Chinese version of Mini‐Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination for detecting mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Pan Feng‐Feng , Cui Liang , Li Qing‐Jie , Guo Qi‐Hao
Published: November 2021

Background

For detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), brief cognitive screening tools are increasingly required for the advantage of time saving and no need for special equipment or trained raters. We aimed to develop a modified Chinese version of Mini‐Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (C‐MACE) and further evaluate its validation in detecting MCI.

Methods

A total of 716 individuals aged from 50 to 90 years old were recruited, including 431 cognitively normal controls (NC) and 285 individuals with MCI. The effect size of Cramer's V was used to explore which items in the Chinese version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐III (ACE‐III‐CV) best associated with MCI and to form the C‐MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were carried out to explore the ability of C‐MACE, ACE‐III‐CV, Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment‐Basic (MoCA‐BC), and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) in discriminating MCI from NC.

Results

Five items with greatest effect sizes of Cramer's V were selected from ACE‐III‐CV to form the C‐MACE: Memory Immediate Recall, Memory Delayed Recall, Memory Recognition, Verbal Fluency Animal and Language Naming. With a total score of 38, the C‐MACE had a satisfactory classification accuracy in detecting MCI (area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.892), superior to MMSE (AUC = 0.782) and comparable to ACE‐III‐CV (AUC = 0.901) and MoCA‐BC (AUC = 0.916). In the subgroup of Age > 70 years, Education ≤ 12 years, the C‐MACE got a highest classification accuracy (AUC = 0.958) for detecting MCI.

Conclusion

In the Chinese‐speaking population, C‐MACE derived from ACE‐III‐CV may identify MCI with a good classification accuracy, especially in aged people with low education.
Clathrin light chain‐conjugated drug delivery for cancer
Authors: Jung Sungwook , Jiang Liwei , Zhao Jing , Shultz Leonard D. , Greiner Dale L. , Bae Munhyung , Li Xiaofei , Ordikhani Farideh , Kuai Rui , Joseph John , Kasinath Vivek , Elmaleh David R. , Abdi Reza
Published: November 2021

Targeted drug delivery systems hold the remarkable potential to improve the therapeutic index of anticancer medications markedly. Here, we report a targeted delivery platform for cancer treatment using clathrin light chain (CLC)‐conjugated drugs. We conjugated CLC to paclitaxel (PTX) through a glutaric anhydride at high efficiency. Labeled CLCs localized to 4T1 tumors implanted in mice, and conjugation of PTX to CLC enhanced its delivery to these tumors. Treatment of three different mouse models of cancer—melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer—with CLC‐PTX resulted in significant growth inhibition of both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions, as compared to treatment with free PTX. CLC‐PTX treatment caused a marked increase in apoptosis of tumor cells and reduction of tumor angiogenesis. Our data suggested HSP70 as a binding partner for CLC. Our study demonstrates that CLC‐based drug‐conjugates constitute a novel drug delivery platform that can augment the effects of chemotherapeutics in treating a variety of cancers. Moreover, conjugation of therapeutics with CLC may be used as means by which drugs are delivered specifically to primary tumors and metastatic lesions, thereby prolonging the survival of cancer patients.
SNAr Isocyanide Diversification
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Dömling Alexander
Published: November 2021

Isocyanides are important building blocks in organic synthesis; however, their synthesis is time and resource consuming and often unpleasant due to their smelly nature. Diversification of isocyanides can be accomplished by de novo synthesis or from already existing isocyanides. In this work, we report for the first‐time isocyanide diversification based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution of suitable precursor isocyanides. The mild conditions allow for easy access to multiple novel isocyanides useful in organic synthesis. The resulting isocyanides are solid and non‐noxious, yet react nicely in multicomponent reactions.
Comparing Test‐Taking Behaviors of English Language Learners (ELLs) to Non‐ELL Students: Use of Response Time in Measurement Comparability Research
Authors: Guo Hongwen , Ercikan Kadriye
Published: November 2021

In this report, we demonstrate use of differential response time (DRT) methodology, an extension of differential item functioning methodology, for examining differences in how students from different backgrounds engage with assessment tasks. We analyze response time data from a digitally delivered mathematics assessment to examine timing differences between English language learner (ELL) and non‐ELL student groups. When matched on the total sum scores of the studied item form, results showed that ELLs spent a significantly longer time on most items compared to the non‐ELLs who performed similarly on the test form. When matched on the total response time, results showed that ELL students spent a significantly longer time on items in the first half of the form but a shorter time on items in the second half. This research demonstrates the usefulness of DRT methodology in gaining insights about the differential engagement of students with assessment tasks.
Power permutation modulation in multiple‐input multiple‐output systems
Authors: Özyurt Serdar , Kucur Oğuz
Published: November 2021

The forthcoming communications standards are conjectured to require unprecedentedly high spectral efficiency values. Motivated by this fact, we propose a new transmission scheme for multiple‐input multiple‐output systems, which is termed as power permutation modulation (PPM). In addition to the conventional data‐carrying modulated symbols, some amount of extra information is conveyed in the distinct permutations of power allocation levels associated with the modulated symbols. The detection of the additional bits is performed by a power permutation recovery process at the receive side. Unlike the common approach, the power allocation is exploited as a new degree of freedom for carrying information without requiring any channel state information at the transmitter. The application of the introduced method is exemplified for zero‐forcing beamforming and space‐time block coding systems under digital phase modulation. It is shown that, without any important additional complexity, some notable signal‐to‐noise ratio gains (as large as 3 dB) are attained as compared to the standard approaches. An exact closed‐form result on the bit error rate (BER) of the presented PPM scheme is provided. The obtained expression is used to obtain the optimum power allocation levels such that the overall BER is minimized.