bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the precision of a health survey on hypertension prevalence
Authors: Gianini Reinaldo José , Caneto Natália Ferreira , Ferreira Natalia Murate , Rodrigues Leticia Gouvea , Parri Beatriz Zurma , Rodrigues Cibele Isaac Saad
Published: April 2024

Background
Population surveys are important for planning public policies and constitute an efficient way of obtaining representative data. In the health field, studies have been conducted with different objectives, such as identifying arterial hypertension (AH), which is a chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD), and determining its prevalence and associated risk factors.
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of a population health survey carried out in the municipality of Sorocaba between August 2021 and June 2023 to estimate the prevalence of AH.
Methods
The performance indicator analyzed refers to the precision (design effect - deff) of the AH prevalence in adults (≥ 18 years) and the exposure to its main risk factors. The total sample included 1,080 individuals from the urban region, which is considered sufficient to estimate a deff of 1.5. This is a study whose clusters are represented by census sectors, with data collected during household visits through interviews using a standardized questionnaire and blood pressure and biometric parameter measurements. The deff calculation formula used was weighted variance/raw variance. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE 30538520-1-0000-5373.
Results
The data obtained varied between a deff equal to 0.44 for the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a deff equal to 1.49 for the use of sympatholytic medication, with a deff for the prevalence of AH equal to 1.12.
Conclusion
There was good precision of the results. There was excellent receptivity and collaboration among the interviewees. The cost‒benefit in developing this research was very adequate. The technique for selecting households in the respective clusters (census sectors), based on detailed mapping and demographic information from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, proved to be practical and efficient and can be reproduced in other municipalities and for other NCDs.
Assessment of Postpartum Depression Screening Practice and Associated Factors among Physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Tertiary Hospitals in Southern and Central Ethiopia
Authors: Yayna Amanuel Admasu , Daka Kassa , Tesfaye Ashebir , Getachew Selamawit
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression (PPD) is becoming one of the world’s increasing public health globally. The pooled postpartum depression in Ethiopia is 22.89% and highest (33.82%) in Southern and Central Ethiopia. Even though physicians play a significant role in the detection and management of Postpartum depression, their screening practice level is unknown in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the postpartum depression screening practice level and associated factors among physicians in obstetrics and gynecology department at tertiary hospitals in Southern and Central Ethiopia.
METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study design in which quantitative approach supported with qualitative was employed among all physicians in the obstetrics and gynecology department of four tertiary hospitals in Southern and Central Ethiopia from April 1 to 30, 2023. The quantitative data was collected by a self-administered structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The variables with P-values of <0.25 from the Bivariable analysis were selected for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Odds Ratio and 95% CI was used to measure the statistical association and P Value ≤ 0.05 was used to determine the statistical significance of the tests. Six key informant interviews were conducted by semi structured guide using tape recorder and qualitative data was transcribed from audio recordings for thematic analysis.
RESULTS: The postpartum depression screening practices among physicians was only 22%. Barriers include a lack of training, knowledge gaps, time constraints, lack of screening tools and Cultural influences. Physicians in the age group 30-34 were 4.7 times (AOR=4.7; 95% CI, 1.06, 21.44) more likely to screen mothers for postpartum depression as compared with physicians in age group of 25-29. Physicians with good knowledge about postpartum depression were 3.3 times (AOR= 3.3; 95% CI, 1.03, 11.06) more likely to screen mothers for postpartum depression as compared with physicians with poor knowledge. Physicians who had a training about PPD in their institution were 5.4 (AOR= 5.4; 95% CI, 1.33, 22.34) more likely to screen mothers for postpartum depression as compared with physicians who had no training.
CONCLUSION: The study revealed a notable gap in postpartum depression screening practices and the interventions are needed to bridge the gap.
Gaze-Contingent Adaptation of VR Stereo Parameters for Cybersickness Prevention
Authors: Terzioglu Berkay , Celikcan Ufuk , Capin Tolga Kurtulus
Published: April 2024

Extended exposure to virtual reality displays has been linked to the emergence of cybersickness, characterized by symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and disruptions in eye movements. The main objective of our study is to examine the effects of real-time fine-tuning of stereo parameters and blurriness in virtual reality on the discomfort level of users who are experiencing motion sickness triggered by the display. Our hypothesis proposes that by dynamically correcting the rendering settings, the symptoms of motion sickness can be relieved and the overall VR user experience can be improved. Our methodology commences with a prediction model for the comfort level of the viewer based on their gaze parameters, such as pupil diameter, blink count, gaze position, and fixation duration. We then propose a method to dynamically adapt the stereoscopic rendering parameters by considering the predicted comfort level of the viewer.
The volatile oil of Piper Macedoi Yunck has larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae from insectary and natural breeding
Authors: Fonseca Yago Soares , de Souza Nubia Nunes , Vieira Thallyta Maria , de Deus Rodrigo Guimarães , Moreira Davyson de Lima , Pires Luanna Chácara , Ferreira Sebastiao Rodrigo , Oliveira Gisele Lopes
Published: April 2024

Brazil and all of Latin America face a significant challenge related to dengue fever in 2024. The vector of urban arboviruses, Aedes aegypti, has become a public health problem due the resistance to insecticides used to combat it. In this study, we describe the chemical profile and larvicidal potential of the volatile oil obtained from Piper macedoi against Aedes aegypti larvae. The volatile oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A. aegypti larvae obtained from urban breeding sites and insectary were exposed to different concentrations of P. macedoi’s volatile oil. The oil showed 65 substances (monoterpenes: 52.62%, sesquiterpenes: 17.96%, arylpropanoids: 27.47%). After 24h of exposure to P. macedoi’s oil, larvae collected in the urban breeding sites and insectary presented 100% mortality at concentrations between 250-1000 ppm, with LC50 of 105 ppm and 196 ppm, respectively. Thus, the study presents P. macedoi’s volatile oil as a potential new natural alternative to control the expansion of A. aegypti.
Time allocation of daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law in India: The role of education
Authors: Bhattacharya Leena
Published: April 2024

The paper addresses the under-researched topic of intrahousehold dynamics of female in-laws in developing countries by focusing on the bargaining between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law and its influence on the latter’s time allocation. Using the first nationally representative Time Use Survey of India, 2019, the paper answers two questions. First, how does the presence of the parents-in-law, particularly the mother-in-law, shape the daughter- in-law’s distribution of time between paid and unpaid activities? Second, how does the relative bargaining power among the female in-laws, where their education levels are used as indicators of bargaining power, affect the daughter-in-law’s time allocation across different activities? The findings show that the presence of the mother- in-law in the family is associated with an increase in the daughter-in-law’s participation in paid employment. The daughter-in-law allocates more time to paid employment and less time to household production when her mother-in-law is present. The association is evident for the daughters-in-law who co-reside with mothers-in-law who have completed at least secondary education. The mother-in-law’s time allocated to household production and childcare increases when she co-resides with a daughter-in-law who has completed tertiary education. The father-in-law’s presence is associated with a fall in the daughter-in-law’s engagement in paid employment and he increases both women’s time spent on household production. Heterogeneity in results is observed by the extent of patriarchy in the state of residence. The results suggest that policies that aim to increase women’s education can enhance the daughter-in-law’s intrahousehold bargaining power leading to more balanced time allocations within the family.
JEL Classification: J22, J16, D13
Influencing factors of self-management behavior in glaucoma patients in west China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ren Jie , Tang Li , Tang Jing , Zeng Ji-Hong
Published: April 2024

Objective
To describe the current status of self-management behavior and analyze its influencing factors in glaucoma patients.
Method
Using a convenient sampling method, 538 patients with primary glaucoma were included. The general demographic and disease-related data of the patients were collected. The glaucoma self-management questionnaire (GSMQ), social support rating scale(SSRS), and brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) of glaucoma patients were used to collect data on their self-management behavior, social support, and illness perception status.
Result
The mean total score of the glaucoma self-management questionnaire was (50.64 ± 6.06), with the mean scores of three dimensions as follows: life adjustment (7.82 ± 1.50), functional health care (17.91 ± 2.45), and medical management (24.91 ± 3.55). The average total score of the social support rating scale was found to be (31.04 ± 7.65), including subjective support (17.36 ± 4.75), objective support (7.20 ± 2.15), and support availability (6.48 ± 2 .27). The average total score for glaucoma patients on the brief illness perception questionnaire was determined to be (47.65 ± 7.33). Glaucoma patients perceive various factors contributing to their condition, with emotion ranking highest at 29.4%, followed by stress at 22.5%, and genetics at 18.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking, types of glaucoma, annual follow-up frequency, fixed doctor follow-up, social support, and illness perception were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The self-management behavior, social support, and illness perception of glaucoma patients were found to be at the moderate level. Smoking, Less than two follow-up visits per year, primary open-angle glaucoma, unfixed doctor follow-up, lower levels of social support, and illness perception level are all factors that affect the self-management behavior of glaucoma patients.
Skin-inspired ultra-tough, self-healing anisotropic wood-based electronic skin for multidimensional sensing
Authors: Zhang Yongyue , Fu Zongying , Wu Tong , Ren Bohua , Chen Jiaxing , Xie Feifan , Leng Weiqi , Shi Jiangtao , Lu Yun
Published: April 2024

Skin is a flexible and stretchable sensor composed of anisotropic dermis (DM) and repairable epidermis (EM). It repairs itself when damaged and has a multi-dimensional sensing system that can assist the body in performing some complex multi-dimensional movements. Inspired by skin, we utilized natural wood as the skeleton and for the first time designed a low-cost, double-layer structure wood-based electronic skin (wood-eskin). Simple chemical treatments were employed to directionally regulate the ray structure of natural wood and to enhance its porosity. Subsequently, physical freeze-thawing was employed to facilitate the formation of an entangled network structure between the PVA solution and the wood nanofibers. Wood-eskin with multi-dimensional sensing was obtained by further introducing ions by immersing in salt solution. In comparison to the majority of contemporary bionic e-skins, wood-eskin exhibits superior mechanical properties. Additionally, it is capable of performing complex deformations, such as bending and knotting. After fracture, wood-eskin can also repair itself and recover ~94% of its mechanical properties. The oriented arrangement of cellulose nanofiber channels gives wood-eskin a multidimensional sensing capability that can be used to monitor more complex body movements. The low-cost, biodegradable wood-eskin exhibits similar functionality to human skin, and its potential for biomedical and bionic robotics applications is considerable.
Effect of Cervical Cancer Preventive Program Based on a Health Belief Model on the Knowledge and Beliefs of Women in Port Said City
Authors: Zohairy Shaymaa Aly , Elmaaty Gehad Mohammed Abu , Mohammed Maha Moussa , Abdelsalam Nahed Abdelazeem
Published: April 2024

Background:Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developing countries. Cervical cancer is a highly preventable and curable cancer compared with other types of cancer, if detected at an early stage.Aim:The present study aims to assess the effect of cervical cancer preventive program based on a health belief model on the knowledge and beliefs of women in Port Said city.Method:A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study one group (pre & post-test) at five gynecological and family planning clinics in primary health care centers in Port Said city which affiliated by Egypt Health Care Authority. A multi- stage cluster sampling technique was used for 110 women were included in the study. Two tools were used to gather the required data consisted of; Tool (1) women’s knowledge questionnaire about cervical cancer (2) Health Belief Model Scale.Results: The study revealed that 89.1% of the studied women had satisfactory level of total knowledge and 83.6% of them had high level of total beliefs about cervical cancer prevention at post implementation of cervical cancer preventive program.Conclusion: It can be concluded that after implementation of the educational program, significant improvement with highly statistical differences were noticed in women's knowledge, and in all subscales of total women’s beliefs about cervical cancer.Trial Registration Number (TRN)The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University {code number: NUR 13/2/2022 (10)}.
Three machine-learning models to predict dengue vectors Breteau Index based on meteorology and biotope in Fujian China
Authors: Ke Xuemei , Liu Hong , Yang Zimei , Wei Qiaochu , Ma Shannan , Wei Hongjie , Wu Sihan , Cao Chunxiang , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Jiaona
Published: April 2024

Background: Dengue fever's rising prevalence in China underscores the need for improved surveillance tools. The Breteau Index (BI), critical for tracking dengue transmission, currently lacks timely and precise predictions, hindering effective response strategies. This study proposes a machine learning-enhanced BI predictive model to refine dengue forecasting in Fujian China.
Methods: Data Collection: In this study, data about the Breteau Index (BI), meteorological conditions, and biotope characteristics from 2015 to 2022 were systematically gathered from the Siming District in Xiamen. Model Development: A range of machine learning algorithms was employed for BI prediction, including Support Vector Regression (SVR), Step-down Linear Regression, Random Forest (RF), Decision Trees (DT), Logistic Regression Models, Deep Neural Networks (DNN), LASSO Logistic Models, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM). Evaluation Metrics: The effectiveness and fit of the predictive models were quantitatively evaluated using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)/Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and R-squared values, alongside autocorrelation analyses of residuals to ensure statistical integrity. External Validation: Models were further validated with BI data from other Fujian cities to test their generalizability.
Results: This study highlights the Deep Neural Network (DNN) model's superiority over alternative forecasting methods for the Breteau Index (BI), with significant determinants being stagnant water sources like unused containers and aquatic plant bonsais. Meteorological conditions, including precipitation(7-day lag), wind speed(3, 5, 7-day lags), sunshine(2-day lag), barometric pressure(3, 4-day lags), humidity, and temperature(7-day lag), were identified as critical influencers of BI. The analysis underscores the necessity of prompt waterlogged area management post-rainfall to mitigate dengue vector breeding, aligning with findings on the ecological preferences of Aedes albopictus.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the validated Deep Neural Network (DNN) model efficiently predicts the Breteau Index (BI) in Xiamen, indicating its utility in Fujian. Key strategies include controlling waterlogged containers to reduce Aedes aegypti habitats and promptly addressing weather-related BI fluctuations within three days post-rainstorm to lower dengue transmission risk.
Genome-wide identification of UGT gene family and their expression profiles analysis during fruit development in walnut (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Shi Danhua , Yao Pei , Yang Jinyu , Li Gengyang , Shi Yanyu , Tian Jieyun , Zhang Xiaojun , Liu Qunlong
Published: April 2024

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) possess the ability to prevent coronary heart disease and promote cardiovascular health, which can be attributed to their rich content of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. The biosynthesis of flavonoids is reliant on the catalytic activity of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT). However, the identification of UGTs in walnut has not been reported. In the current study, a total of 124 UGT genes containing the PSPG box were identified from the walnut genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the 124 UGT could be classified into 16 distinct groups, which exhibited an uneven distribution across the 16 chromosomes. Subcellular localization prediction analysis revealed that approximately 78.23% of walnut UGT proteins were predominantly localized in the cytoplasmic compartment. Furthermore, motif annotation confirmed that motifs 1, 2, and 3 represented conserved structural features within UGT proteins, while interestingly, around 56.5% of walnut UGT members lacked introns. In conjunction with transcriptome analysis and quantitative expression, approximately 39% of UGT genes in walnut exhibited high expression levels during early fruit development. Correlation analysis between UGT genes expression and phenolic content in walnut indicated that JrUGT6, JrUGT38, JrUGT39, JrUGT58, JrUGT69, JrUGT75, and JrUGT82 might be involved in phenolic biosynthesis in walnut. This comprehensive study provides a comprehensive overview of the UGT genes in walnut, serving as a valuable reference and theoretical foundation for further investigations into the biological functions of JrUGTs in flavonoid biosynthesis.
Cattle Hydatidosis occurrence, cyst characterization and associated risk factors at Wolaita Soddo Municipality Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yirsa Tsedalu , Mulugeta Terefe , Berihun Abebe
Published: April 2024

Background
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic infection of many mammalian species produced by Echinococcus granulosus larvae which are distributed globally specifically in Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to August 2023 to determine the occurrence of cattle hydatidosis, cyst characterization and associated risk factors at Wolaita Soddo Municipality Abattoir, Southern Ethiopia. The antemortem investigation was intended to identify some of the associated risk factors for hydatid cysts in the tested animals. A post-mortem examination and laboratory methods were also used to determine the presence and characteristics of hydatid cysts in various organs.
Results
A total of 15% (60/400) had harboured hydatid cysts. No related risk variables (P ≥ 0.05) were found in hydatic cysts. In terms of organ distribution, the lung (20.5%) had the highest frequency of these cysts, followed by the liver (15.25%), kidney (4.75%), and spleen (3.5%). Out of the 176 hydatic cysts that were counted, the small-sized cysts (47.7%) were more observed than medium-sized (29.5%) and large-sized (22.7%) cysts. Furthermore, of these, more fertile cysts (40.9%) than infertility ones (59.1%) were seen. However, out of 72 fertile cysts that were tested for viability, more non-viable cysts (41.7%) were observed than viable cysts (58.3%).
Conclusions
Overall, even with the small size of the infection detected, hydatidosis seems to be supported by both a socioeconomic setting and a public health concern. Because of this, it continues to rank among the most significant illnesses at the study site, requiring significant preventative and control measures.
Gut Microbiota Shape Oligodendrocyte Response after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shumilov Kirill , Ni Allen , Garcia-Bonilla Maria , Celorrio Marta , Friess Stuart H.
Published: April 2024

White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the modulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
Sustained inactivation of the Polycomb PRC1 complex induces DNA repair defects and genomic instability in epigenetic tumors
Authors: Rawal Chetan C. , Loubiere Vincent , Butova Nadejda L. , Garcia Juliette , Parreno Victoria , Martinez Anne-Marie , Cavalli Giacomo , Chiolo Irene
Published: April 2024

Cancer initiation and progression are typically associated with the accumulation of driver mutations and genomic instability. However, recent studies demonstrated that cancers can also be purely initiated by epigenetic alterations, without driver mutations. Specifically, a 24-hours transient down-regulation of polyhomeotic (ph-KD), a core component of the Polycomb complex PRC1, is sufficient to drive epigenetically initiated cancers (EICs) in Drosophila, which are proficient in DNA repair and are characterized by a stable genome. Whether genomic instability eventually occurs when PRC1 down-regulation is performed for extended periods of time remains unclear. Here we show that prolonged depletion of a PRC1 component, which mimics cancer initiating events, results in broad dysregulation of DNA replication and repair genes, along with the accumulation of DNA breaks, defective repair, and widespread genomic instability in the cancer tissue. A broad mis-regulation of H2AK118 ubiquitylation and to a lesser extent of H3K27 trimethylation also occurs, and might contribute to these phenotypes. Together, this study supports a model where DNA repair and replication defects amplify the tumorigenic transformation epigenetically induced by PRC1 loss, resulting in genomic instability and cancer progression.
Reliability Optimization of Smart Grid Based on Optimal Failure Rate Using Distributed Generation
Authors: Lekunze George Toh , Kenfack Pierre , Dandoussou Abraham
Published: April 2024

This paper evaluates the optimal budget of distributed generation (DG) units that could be used to substitute preventive maintenance in an electric power distribution system. Preventive maintenance is a tradition performed on power distribution system to reduce its failure rate and increase its reliability. In order to perform this, a yearly budget is allocated. As time goes on, this budget becomes significant. With the aim to safe cost, this research has investigated on how DG units could be used as a backup system whenever there is a failure in the grid while waiting for the fault to be remediated. A method has been proposed on the time length above which the DG units as backup systems become more economical over the yearly preventive maintenance. Results have shown that when this duration is below the lifespan of the DG units used, it is feasible and DG units become the cheapest option.
Learning curve analysis of laparoscopic low anterior resection using the ArtiSentialⓇ multi-articulating device: A multicenter pooled analysis (STARC trial)
Authors: Kim Seijong , Pyo Dae Hee , Lee Jae Im , Kim Chang Hyun , Oh Heung-Kwon , Lee Yoon Suk , Yoon Yong Sik , Bae Dong Hwan , Min Byung Soh , Huh Jung Wook
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Robotic surgery has shown promising outcomes in colorectal cancer treatment but is limited by its high cost. In response, the ArtiSential system, an articulated handheld laparoscopic instrument, has emerged as an alternative. This study aimed to assess the learning curve associated with ArtiSential during low anterior resection (LAR) of colorectal cancer.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective single-arm study enrolled 208 patients who underwent LAR with ArtiSential between January 2021 and October 2022. A cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was conducted for operation time. Three experienced surgeons, each with over 30 completed ArtiSential-assisted LAR procedures, were included in the analysis.
Results
The median operation time was 129 minutes; it was accompanied by minimal blood loss and no open conversions. Pathological analysis revealed favorable outcomes with high-quality total mesorectal excision and a circumferential resection margin. Surgeons A and B followed a conventional four-stage learning curve, achieving mastery after 25 and 24 cases, respectively. In contrast, Surgeon C demonstrated a unique two-stage learning curve, achieving mastery after 19 cases.
Conclusion
The CUSUM analysis suggests a relatively manageable learning curve, with the initial phase being completed after approximately 10 cases and proficiency attained after 20–30 cases. In conclusion, ArtiSential appears to be a promising tool for colorectal surgeons, offering a favorable learning curve and encouraging outcomes in LAR for rectal cancer.
DML-YOLOv8-SAR Image Object Detection Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Shuguang , Tao Ronghao , Jia Fengde
Published: April 2024

Given the challenges posed by noise and varying target scales in SAR images, conventional convolutional neural networks often underperform in SAR image detection. To address this, this paper introduces a novel approach. Firstly, a Res-Clo network is proposed for denoising SAR images as a preprocessing step to enhance detection accuracy. Subsequently, an improved network, DML-YOLOv8, is devised based on the YOLOv8 network. The enhancements in the proposed algorithm include several key modifications. Firstly, within the feature extraction layers, a designed MFB module is integrated to effectively broaden the network's receptive field. Next, deformable convolutions are introduced in the feature fusion layers to bolster the network's capability for multi-scale detection. Additionally, a novel loss function, RT-IOU, is designed in feature detection to enhance network inference speed. Finally, a specialized STD small target detection layer is designed to improve detection accuracy for small targets. In practical experiments, it has been shown that the detection method proposed in this paper effectively improves the detection performance of noisy SAR images, and also achieves satisfactory results in multi-scale detection.
Comparative proteomics and metabonomics analysis of different diapause stages revealed a new regulation mechanism of diapause in Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Shao Lijun , Yue Fangzheng , Fan Jinfu , Su Qin , Liu Hairui , Zhang Quanyi , Xu Linbo
Published: April 2024

The Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus, commonly referred to as the grassland pest, is a voracious migratory pest of global significance, annually inflicting substantial economic damage on the agricultural and pastoral sectors in the Northern Hemisphere. Diapause serves as a developmental adaptation mechanism in insects to cope with adverse environmental conditions, playing a crucial role in the population dynamics and infestation patterns of the grassland pest. This study focuses on the Loxostege sticticalis, employing photoperiod manipulation to obtain larvae in five distinct states of diapause: ND, PreD, D, CT, and RD. A combined metabolomic and proteomic analysis was conducted on larvae at various diapause stages. Proteomics identified a total of 5367 proteins, including 1179 differentially expressed proteins across the diapause phases. Through Gene ontology analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and GSEA, significant proteins related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, as well as insect development, were identified. Metabolomic time-series and KEGG enrichment analysis of the five diapause stages revealed 627 significantly different metabolites, including fructose, tryptophan, lysine, and glycerol. Annotations in the protein interaction network related to ribosomal subunits 40s and 60s, which are speculated to be regulated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, compressing chromatin structure and hindering RNA polymerase accessibility, thereby reducing protein-related expression. These findings expand our understanding of the regulatory networks involved in diapause in Loxostege sticticalis and offer new insights into its control mechanisms.
Research on the mix proportion and on-site construction technology of a four-graded roller compacted concrete
Authors: Shi Yan , Zhou Shihua , Wu Cai , Huang Junzhou , Liang Yan , Wang Tianlei , Peng Sheng , Liang Yan
Published: April 2024

In order to improve construction and production efficiency, and fully leverage the technical and economic advantages of continuous pouring and rapid rise of roller compacted concrete, the four-graded roller compacted concrete was widely used in hydraulic engineering. Based on the characteristics and testing methods of four-graded roller compacted concrete, the multiple sets, the effects of mix proportion, maximum particle size of coarse aggregate, and compaction degree were analyzed. The differences in construction technology between three-graded roller compacted concrete and four-graded roller compacted concrete were compared, and the more suitable construction technology parameters for four-graded roller compacted concrete were obtained. When the water consumption and vibrating compacted (VC) value are within the range of 71kg/m³~70kg/m³ and 3.5s ~ 6s, respectively, the VC value and air content of four-graded roller compacted concrete are optimal. Choose 30%~32% for sand ratio. The combination ratio of natural coarse aggregates (extra large: large: medium: small) adopts 25: 30: 25: 20. The VC value of 3.5s is suitable. After 6 times of heavy rolling and vibration rolling, the surface has a good slurry state, with a relative compaction degree exceeding 98%. The vibration force is 395kN, and the working speed is 1.0 ~ 1.5km/h. The suggestions as follows: when the layer thickness is 0.4m, the four-graded roller compacted concrete should be rolled twice without vibration, six times with vibration, and two times without vibration; When the layer thickness is 0.5m, the four-graded roller compacted concrete should be rolled twice without vibration, eight times with vibration, and two times without vibration.
Development of a Pollution Index For Ports
Authors: Adegboye Omotayo Abayomi
Published: April 2024

The concept of a port pollution index is relatively new and as a result, there remains a need tointroduce the concept to several audiences- particularly port users and operators- and to better understand itsusage and benefits. It is in view of these that this study aimed to develop a port pollution index with Port Newcastle,Australia port as a case study. Amongst the different kinds of port pollution, water and air pollution were selectedfor consideration in this study because this two pollution types amount for the largest percentage of port pollution.Secondary data collection was the data collection method adopted for the study and the data were obtained fromcredible sources for the variables under consideration covering both summer and winter season. Collected datawere analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Index parameters were formulated. The pollution index of the port (PPI) isfound to be low with an index value of 26.73 during the winter period and 28.56 during the summer. P- Value of0.03 at a correlation of 0.999 shows a strong significant correlation for the port pollution index between the summerand winter season. While the water pollution index (WPI) analysis of the case study unveiled that the lower DOlevels and higher fecal coliforms markedly reduced the water quality of the port, air pollution index (AQI) analysis ofthe data set shows PM10 and PM2.5 as the major pollutants of the port under review with a minimum value of 71.2μg/m3and 58.3 μg/m3 respectively. Emissions from ship engines is the major source of pollution which determinesthe ambient air pollution while shipping activities are major factors responsible for pollution of port water, the portquality index of port Newcastle is however found to be good for both winter and summer seasonal period with thePPI higher during the winter and lower during the summer time. The index formulated by this research can helpport users determine the pollution level at a particular port. It can also help port managers determine and takecontrol measure at all time.
Enhancing Patch Antenna Performance through the Integration of Inverted U-Slots
Authors: Raj R. Albert William , Wilson K. S. Joseph
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an in-depth investigation of a multiband inverted U-slots patch antenna design, employing an FR4 substrate with a height of 1.6 mm. The antenna's performance was thoroughly assessed through simulations conducted using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. Impressively, this antenna exhibits outstanding performance in terms of Return Loss and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) across multiple frequency bands. The ingenious U-slot design of the antenna enables the generation of six distinct frequencies within the S and C bands, each displaying remarkable return loss values of -30.86 dB, -43.80 dB, -26.42 dB, -22.27 dB, -20.25 dB, and − 15.05 dB, all with substantial bandwidth. These results indicate exceptional impedance matching, as return loss values consistently remain well below − 10 dB, with corresponding VSWR values consistently below 2, with a particularly noteworthy VSWR value of 1.0130 corresponding to the return loss of -43.80 dB. This demonstrates exceptional power transfer efficiency and minimal signal reflection, highlighting the antenna's capabilities to find applications in medical telemetry applications, smart home automation, and various other wireless communication domains.
Attribute correlation mask fusion network for pedestrian attribute recognition
Authors: Li Baoan , Zhang Long , Teng Shangzhi , LYU Xueqiang
Published: April 2024

The main goal of Pedestrian Attribute Recognition (PAR) is to identify various attributes of pedestrians captured in video surveillance. Due to the numerous categories of pedestrian attribute labels, the complex and easily overlooked correlations among attributes, PAR is a challenging task. Traditional methods usually treat each attribute independently, ignoring the possible intrinsic correlations between attributes.We design a pedestrian attribute recognition network ACMFNet which can fuse pedestrian attributes uniqueness features and attribute correlation features. Specifically, we propose an attribute correlation query module (ACQM), which are used to learn discriminative attribute features. Then, we construct a mask fusion module (MFM) to automatically learn the importance of the image feature and attribute correlation feature. To better distinguish the modality differences between images and attribute texts, we propose modality prompt. Experimental results show that our method can significantly enhance the network’s ability to recognize pedestrian attributes. On three pedestrian attribute recognition datasets PA100K, PETA, and UAV-Human, our proposed method shows competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Our source code is available at \url{https://github.com/luffy-op/ACMFNet.
Study the delay time influence on the R6G dye attenuation coefficient utilizing laser probe technology
Authors: Rahi Saad Kh. , Shakir Farouk K. H
Published: April 2024

This study involved using a diode laser emitting light at a 650 nm wavelength. A continuous-wave laser was converted into a pulsed laser through the application of a PWM circuit. A solution of laser dye was prepared by dissolving the dye in distilled water at a concentration of 104 M. The setup included components such as a wave splitter, mirrors, a motorized delay stage, and a spectrograph to analyze the spectrum emitted by the dye laser and transmitted via an optical cable. An exploration was conducted to understand how the delay time impacts the absorption coefficient of the laser dye. The results demonstrated a relationship between delay time and absorption. Pulse width. Changes in the input power affected the sample response. The absorption coefficient can vary nonlinearly based on pulse changes. These data illustrate how energy is focused on the sample over different durations. Adjusting the delay time can influence the absorption coefficient, indicating how the delay time affects the dynamics and interactions directly or indirectly. These discoveries confirm the importance of interactions between samples and variations in concentration on the absorption coefficient.
Nirenberg problem on high dimensional spheres: Blow up with residual mass phenomenon
Authors: Ahmedou Mohameden , Ayed Mohamed Ben , Mehdi Khalil El
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we extend the analysis of the subcritical approximation of the Nirenberg problem on spheres recently conducted in [28, 27]. Specifically, we delve into the scenario where the sequence of blowing up solutions exhibits a non-zero weak limit, which necessarily constitutes a solution of the Nirenberg problem itself. Our focus lies in providing a comprehensive description of such blowing up solutions, including precise determinations of blow-up points and blow-up rates. Additionally, we compute the topological contribution of these solutions to the difference in topology between the level sets of the associated Euler-Lagrange functional. Such an analysis is intricate due to the potential degeneracy of the involved solutions. We also provide a partial converse, wherein we construct blowing up solutions when the weak limit is non-degenerate.
AMS subject classification: 58J05, 35A01, 58E05.
Chloroquine sensitises hypoxic colorectal cancer cells to ROS-mediated cell death via structural disruption of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)
Authors: Mir Irfan Ahmad , Mehraj Umar , Bhat Mohammad Younus , Mir Hilal Ahmad , Mir Manzoor Ahmad , Dar Tanveer Ali , Hussain Mahboob-Ul
Published: April 2024

Chloroquine (CQ) an autophagy antagonist has been recently explored as a repurposable medicine for cancer; however the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here in this study we investigated the effect of CQ on colorectal cancer cells with an aim to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved. We report for the first time that CQ suppresses hypoxia-induced cell growth and survival of HCT-116 cells due to the reduction in glycolytic capacity and NAD+ production subsequent to the inhibition of PDK1 by CQ. Furthermore, in silico and in vitro studies show that CQ induces structural alteration in the PDK1 protein, leading to its destabilisation, thus favouring its enhanced protease mediated degradation which is inhibited by MG-132 protease inhibitor. In addition to this, suppression of PDK1 by CQ results in mitochondrial damage through excessive production of ROS as reflected by the reduction in MMP, with subsequent induction of apoptosis by promoting PARP cleavage and caspase activation. These findings advocate CQ as a potent repurposable chemotherapeutic medication against colorectal cancer and as a novel inhibitor of PDK1.
Coherent mode locking in a two-section laser with fast gain and absorber
Authors: Arkhipov Rostislav , Diachkova Olga , Pakhomov Anton , Arkhipov Mikhail , Rosanov Nikolay , Zhmud Bogdan , Khabibullin Rustam
Published: April 2024

Coherent mode locking is based on the formation of 2π pulses of self-induced transparency in the absorbing medium and π pulses in the amplifying medium. In this regime it becomes possible to generate ultrashort laser pulses down to one oscillation cycle with a pulse duration being much shorter than the polarization relaxation time T2 of the amplifying and absorbing medium. In this article a two-section laser model with a ring resonator based on absorbing and amplifying medium with short relaxation times has been applied. We have demonstrated a self-starting regime of coherent mode locking with picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses using numerical simulations for the given model. In addition, we have shown that there is a significant influence of generation frequency detuning on laser pulse duration and intensity. Moreover, we have compared our numerical results with an analytical model of a coherent mode-locked laser based on the area theorem. We believe that the findings of this work can open a pathway towards the practical application of mode locking in mid-IR and THz quantum cascade lasers.
Analysis of Transformer No-Load Loss Using Finite Element Method Validated by Experimental Tests
Authors: Hashemi Behnam , Taheri Ali Asghar , Jozi Fatemeh
Published: April 2024

Transformers are one of the most critical components of electricity networks, with no-load loss as an essential technical characteristic, which plays a major role in its performance indicators. Transformer no-load loss must be determined precisely before being manufactured. They allow the development of computer programs and the faster and more accurate solution of electromagnetic problems with complex structures and boundary conditions without requiring prototyping. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is among the most popular and robust numerical methods used to solve electromagnetic field problems. This paper aimed to evaluate no-load loss in 1000 and 1600 kVA transformers while considering nonlinear magnetic characteristics by FEM and Ansys Maxwell software. Core magnetic characteristics were obtained directly from experimental tests. The results were verified by the no-load loss test in the studied transformers in a high-voltage laboratory. A comparison between simulation results with high-voltage laboratory results indicated that the simulation error in calculating no-load loss in 1000 and 1600 kVA transformers was less than 1%.
Omega 3 Sunflower and Flaxseed Oil Blends - Modelling Chemical Quality, Composition, Color and Sensory Acceptability
Authors: Romanić Ranko , Lužaić Tanja , Pezo Lato , Radić Bojana , Kravić Snežana
Published: April 2024

Oil blending is increasingly used for the improvement and modelling of oil characteristics. This paper aims to investigate the blending effect of refined sunflower oil (reach in the essential omega 6 fatty acids) and cold-pressed flaxseed oil (source of the essential omega 3 fatty acids) on the fatty acid composition, quality, color, and sensory characteristics of obtained oils. Also, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied to optimize the share of flaxseed and sunflower oil to obtain new oil most like the only commercially available oil blend on the market. Applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that based on the fatty acid composition sample with 20% of sunflower and 80% of flaxseed oil (20/80) was most like the control sample. According to other investigated characteristics (oil quality, color, and sensory attributes) sample 100/0 (refined sunflower oil) was most like the control sample. ANN analysis gave the optimum composition of the oil blend (51.5% refined sunflower seed oil and 48.5% of cold-pressed flaxseed oil) regarding control sample.
Antithrombotic agents and the effect on outcome in ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation and large artery atherosclerosis: an observational study
Authors: Chen Jilu , Cheng Jianhua , Ye Qiang , Liu Yuntao , Zhang Yanlei , Zhang Zheng
Published: April 2024

Background: Optimal antithrombotic regimens to prevent recurrent stroke in patients with ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerotic large-vessel stenosis remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multiple antithrombotic therapies on outcomes after ischemic stroke due to two or more causes.
Methods: We identified 553 patients with ischemic stroke due to AF and large artery atherosclerosis from a single hospital. These patients were categorized into three groups according to antithrombotic therapies at discharge: 1) antiplatelets (APT), 2) oral anticoagulants (OAC), and 3) antiplatelets plus OAC. The study outcomes were recurrent ischemic stroke, composite outcomes for cardiovascular events and major bleeding. propensity scores were used to balance APT and OAC group.
Results: Among 553 patients, 79 (14.3%) were treated with APT, 447 (80.8%) were treated with OAC, and 27 (4.9%) were treated with APT and OAC. After applying PS, only OAC had a significant beneficial effect on the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.19–0.83, P = 0.01) and death (HR: 0.12, [95% CI:0.01–1.0], P = 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in 1-year recurrent stroke events or bleeding risk between APT and OAC groups. Further relation between dose of OAC and outcome found that there was no significant difference between reduced and standard dose of OAC.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that OAC monotherapy was associated with lower risks of composite outcome and death in patients after ischemic stroke due to AF and atherosclerotic stenosis. However, the dose of OAC had no effect on clinical outcome.