bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSPECTIVES OF AGENTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LIMID II AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMME IN BOTSWANA
Authors: Seiphetlheng  , Angela Nyane
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the perspectives of policy agents on the implementation of the Livestock Management and Infrastructure Development (LIMID) Phase II agricultural programme in Botswana in the Mahalapye District. Using the qualitative approach, the paper examined the LIMID II that was not fully evaluated in 2010 and hence it was important to include other objectives that were left out by the first evaluation by getting the perspectives of participants. The participants were the agricultural officers, farmers, Heads of Unit in Agriculture at Headquarters and Mahalapye District. The research employed a case study strategy with the use of open-ended questionnaires and interviews for data collection. Data collection tools used were semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The findings of the study revealed a mixture of appreciation for its potential benefits and frustration with its flawed execution. The study underscored the importance of aligning theoretical frameworks with practical realities in policy implementation. The paper concludes that the implementation process should not be overlooked by decision makers but be given the attention it deserves to avoid divergent ways of implementing the same policy.
Business leadership competency for innovative strategies post COVID-19 among small and medium enterprises in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors:   , Mugivhisa Fulufhelo Lindelani
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic brought many challenges to South African business leaders, such as optimising hybrid teams, attracting and retaining workers with needed capabilities, and making the most of scarce competencies. Current and complex challenges require leadership with the necessary skills. Besides COVID-19 challenges, business organisations and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must deal with economic downfall, social unrest, and corruption. Leadership plays an important role in ensuring business competitiveness amid these challenges. This study investigated the business leadership competency required for innovative strategies required post-COVID-19 among SMEs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This involves identifying leadership competencies and proposing a framework for innovative leadership. A sample size of 384 respondents was drawn from owner/managers of SMEs in Gauteng Province. A mixed-method approach was adopted using both structured interviews and a closed-ended questionnaire through an online survey. The results showed that most of the SMEs agreed that COVID-19 challenged SMEs with several difficulties. The research highlighted business leadership competencies for innovative strategies post-COVID-19. The main findings revealed that training and developing employees play a pivotal role in shaping and influencing business performance, which is critical to the success of a business and ensuring innovation. Furthermore, the survey results showed that most SME owners/managers prioritise the competency of setting targets, reviewing and improving financial performance. Results also indicated that adaptability, flexibility, and resilience are necessary to meet changing market conditions. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of building diverse and expansive networks. Additionally, findings show that SME Leaders must be willing to take calculated risks for the business to emerge successful.
DIFERENÇA ENTRE O CANABIDIOL E O DELTA-9-TETRAHIDROCANABINOL NO MANEJO DA DOR CRÔNICA
Authors: Pinheiro Pâmela Xavier , Rocha Gean de Oliveira
Published: September 2024

Este artigo analisa a eficácia do canabidiol (CBD) e do delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol (THC) no manejo da dor crônica, abordando suas diferenças e semelhanças no tratamento. A revisão teórica revelou que o CBD isolado apresenta eficácia limitada na redução da dor crônica, sendo frequentemente menos eficaz do que os tratamentos convencionais. Por outro lado, a combinação de CBD com THC e outros canabinóides, conhecida como efeito entourage, demonstrou resultados mais promissores. Estudos indicam que preparações com uma proporção balanceada de CBD e THC podem proporcionar alívio significativo da dor, devido à sinergia entre os compostos. Além dos benefícios potenciais, o uso de cannabis medicinal, especialmente com THC, pode estar associado a efeitos colaterais significativos, como tontura, boca seca e alterações psíquicas. A presença de THC pode provocar euforia, ansiedade e, em casos extremos, psicoses temporárias. A combinação de CBD e THC, embora geralmente mais eficaz, pode aumentar a incidência de efeitos adversos, exigindo uma monitorização cuidadosa. Assim, a escolha da terapia deve ser bem fundamentada e personalizada, considerando os riscos e benefícios de cada composto para otimizar os resultados terapêuticos no manejo da dor crônica.
RESISTÊNCIA A TRATAMENTOS DA LEISHMANIOSE EM PEQUENOS ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS: CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA A SAÚDE PÚBLICA VETERINÁRIA
Authors: Teixeira Wander Irwing da Silva , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: September 2024

Neste estudo, examinamos a resistência a tratamentos de Leishmaniose em pequenos animais domésticos e como isso afeta a saúde pública. Nosso objetivo é determinar como a resistência a drogas afeta a transmissão de patógenos em cães e gatos, bem como avaliar a abordagem atual ao tratamento. A abordagem metodológica do presente estudo é qualitativa e inclui entrevistas com veterinários e proprietários de pequenos animais; uma revisão da literatura e uma análise comparativa das práticas regionais com base na literatura revisada. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que a resistência a tratamentos, como antimoniais e miltefosina, é um fenômeno comum que aumenta a prevalência da doença. Além disso, o uso de tratamentos inseguros e desaconselháveis pela população é um fator agravante. No geral, pequenos animais de estimação são reservatórios de Leishmaniose, o que aumenta o risco de transmissão para seres humanos. A pesquisa identificou a necessidade de políticas mais rígidas e melhorias nas práticas de manejo. As limitações do estudo foram que alguns participantes não queriam fornecer informações sobre o assunto, ademais, a geografia estudada ainda foi limitada. Concluiu-se que a abordagem de tratar o manejo como tratamento em si necessita ser combatida num modelo integrado e sustentável para proteger melhor a saúde animal e humana. As futuras pesquisas devem incluir estudos maiores nos quais se verifique a geografia, além de investigações sobre as melhores práticas de manejo inovador.
Empirical model for backscattering polarimetric variables in rain at W-band: motivation and implications
Authors: Myagkov Alexander , Nomokonova Tatiana , Frech Michael
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The established relationships between the size, shape, and terminal velocity of raindrops, along with the spheroidal shape approximation (SSA), are commonly employed for calculating radar observables in rain. This study, however, reveals the SSA's limitations in accurately simulating spectral and integrated backscattering polarimetric variables in rain at the W-band. Improving existing models is a complex task that demands high-precision data from both laboratory settings and natural rain, enhanced stochastic shape approximation techniques, and comprehensive scattering simulations. To circumvent these challenges, this study introduces a simpler and more straightforward approach – the empirical scattering model (ESM). The ESM is derived from an analysis of high-quality, low-turbulence Doppler spectra, which were selected from measurements taken with a 94 GHz radar at three different locations between 2021 and 2024. The ESM's primary advantages over the SSA include superior accuracy and the direct incorporation of microphysical effects observed in natural rain. This study demonstrates that the ESM can potentially clarify issues in existing retrieval and calibration methods that use polarimetric observations at the W-band. The findings of this study are not only valuable for experts in cloud radar polarimetry but also for scattering modelers and laboratory experimenters since explaining the presented observations necessitates a more profound understanding of the microphysical properties and processes in rain.
Impact of space charge on neutralization efficiency of highly charged aerosols: analytical and numerical insights using bipolar ions
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Parveen Rukhsar , Mayya Yelia Shankaranarayana
Published: September 2024

Abstract. We investigate the influence of space charge on aerosol discharging behavior, emphasizing its importance in understanding and optimizing aerosol neutralization processes. Our study introduces the concept of space charge-assisted ionization and the distribution of charged aerosols. Specifically, we consider the case of highly charged aerosols introduced into a cylindrical chamber containing a bipolar ion source. In this scenario, space-charge-induced motion is explicitly included in solving the dynamical equation using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This method allows us to assess the efficacy of corona-based neutralizers for charged aerosols. Our exploration focuses on the effect of spatial ion heterogeneity induced by space charge. Our results demonstrate that the efficiency of charge neutralizers in mitigating high concentrations of charged aerosols is influenced by various factors, including aerosol charge concentration, magnitude of the charge, and design parameters such as flow rate, ion production rate, and neutralizer geometry. We observe that particles at the periphery of the chamber experience a significantly slower neutralization compared to those flowing along the axis. Consequently, the aerosol system as a whole exits the chamber with a residual charge. This incomplete neutralization, caused by space charge effects, alters the particle charge distribution, potentially affecting size distribution measurements using mobility sizing instruments. These findings underscore the need to bridge theoretical concepts with practical applications in aerosol science and technology, with broad implications for environmental monitoring and industrial processes. Furthermore, our coupled model offers potential for investigating processes involving charged aerosols in the atmosphere, where space charge effects are also significant.
Use of simple analytical solutions in the calibration of Shallow Water Equations debris flow models
Authors: Bonomelli Riccardo , Pilotti Marco , Farina Gabriele
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Modelling debris flow propagation requires numerical models able to describe the main characteristics of the flow, like velocity or inundation extent. Due to the complex physics involved, every numerical model is dependent from a set of parameters whose influence on the results is often not evident. In this contribution we propose simple analytical solutions based on the monophasic Shallow Water Equations for some of the most used rheological models (O'Brien & Julien, Voellmy, Bingham and Bagnold) implemented in monophasic (FLO-2D, RAMMS, HEC-RAS, TELEMAC-2D) and biphasic commercial software (TRENT2D). These simplified solutions and their asymptotic uniform-flow like relationship are useful on one hand to speed up the calibration process, limiting the need to perform multiple simulations with unrealistic set of parameters and on the other hand as a benchmark for existing numerical methods. To further guide the calibration, a Sobol's sensitivity analysis has been performed to highlight which parameters of the considered equations have the most influence on the flow velocity. Finally, as an example of application, the proposed methodology is validated on a real debris flow event occurred in Italy.
Effects of moss restoration on soil erosion and soil water content in a temperate vineyard
Authors: Gall Corinna , Oldenburg Silvana , Nebel Martin , Scholten Thomas , Seitz Steffen
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Soil erosion is a serious problem worldwide, as it jeopardizes soil fertility and thus food security. At the same time, agriculture itself is one of the biggest drivers of soil erosion, and vineyards in particular are vulnerable due to often steep slopes, fragile soils, and management practices. Therefore, the search for alternative management practices becomes vital. Since soil erosion is reduced by vegetation cover, this also applies to moss cover. However, research on the restoration and protection of bare soil using mosses as erosion control is still in its infancy. In this study, the restoration of mosses was investigated by applying artificially cultivated moss mats in a temperate vineyard. The effects of moss restoration on surface runoff and sediment discharge were examined compared to bare soil and cover crops using rainfall simulations at three measurement times during one year (April, June, and October). Additionally, soil water content was monitored for each treatment during all rainfall simulations. Mosses initially showed considerable desiccation in summer, whereupon their growth declined. In October, the mosses recovered and re-established themselves in the vineyard, showing a high level of resistance. Moss restoration significantly reduced surface runoff by 71.4 % and sediment discharge by 75.8 % compared to bare soils. While moss restoration had a slightly better effect on reducing runoff and a slightly lower effect on reducing erosion than cover crops (68.1 % and 87.7 %, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant. Sediment discharge varied seasonally for moss restoration, especially from April to June, which is most likely due to the decline in moss cover and the foliage of the vines in June, as concentrated canopy drip points have formed on the leaves and woody surfaces of the vines, increasing erosion. In April and June, the different treatments do not significantly impact soil water content, while in October, bare soil had the highest and moss restoration the lowest soil water content. According to this, the influence of soil cover varies seasonally, with moss restoration not having a detrimental effect on the soil water content in the drier summer months, but retaining the least water in October. Overall, moss restoration proved to be an appropriate and low-maintenance alternative for erosion control, as it requires no mowing and does not reduce near-surface soil water content during summer.
Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Temperature Profiles over Antarctica through Iterative Approach
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Brown Shannon , Colliander Andreas
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Retrieving atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles presents considerable challenges over land surfaces using microwave radiometry due to uncertainties associated with estimating background surface emissions. In response, we have devised an approach that integrates the atmospheric retrieval algorithm with the background emission algorithm, establishing an iterative loop to refine the accuracy of atmospheric profiles. Leveraging optimal estimation techniques with sounding channels spanning from Ka- to G-band obtained from ATMS, we successfully retrieved atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles across space and time. These retrieved atmospheric profiles undergo continual updates throughout each iteration, exerting influence on subsequent surface retrievals. This iterative process persists until convergence is achieved in the atmospheric retrieval. The algorithm's novelty lies in its fusion of surface retrieval with atmospheric retrieval, thereby enhancing overall accuracy. We validated the retrievals against radiosonde data. Our iterative algorithm proved to be efficient and accurate in retrieving temperature profiles with surface emissivity and in detecting melting events. Though our algorithm was able to capture the water vapor variations, the results showed that to obtain accurate absolute values of the water content an independently retrieved surface emissivity is required.
Advances in OH reactivity instruments for airborne field measurements
Authors: Fuchs Hendrik , Stainsby Aaron , Berg Florian , Dubus René , Färber Michelle , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Holland Frank , Bates Kelvin H. , Brown Steven S. , Coggon Matthew M. , Diskin Glenn S. , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Jernigan Christopher M. , Peischl Jeff , Robinson Michael A. , Rollins Andrew W. , Schafer Nell B. , Schwantes Rebecca H. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Veres Patrick R. , Warneke Carsten , Waxman Eleanor M. , Xu Lu , Zuraski Kristen , Wahner Andreas , Novelli Anna
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Hydroxyl radical OH reactivity, which is the inverse lifetime of the OH radical, provides information on the burden of air pollutants, since almost all air pollutants react with OH. OH reactivity measurements from field experiments can help to identify gaps in the measurement of individual reactants and serve as a proxy for the potential formation of secondary pollutants, including ozone and particles. However, OH reactivity is not regularly measured specifically on airborne platforms due to the technical complexity of the instruments and/or the need for careful instrumental characterisation to apply accurate correction factors to account for secondary chemistry in the instruments. The method used in this work, based on the time-resolved measurement of OH radicals produced by laser flash photolysis in a flow tube, does not require corrections as secondary chemistry in the instrument is negligible for typical atmospheric conditions. However, the detection of OH radicals by laser-induced fluorescence is challenging. In this work, an OH reactivity instrument has been further developed specifically for airborne measurements. The laser system used to detect the OH radicals has been simplified compared to previous setups, thereby significantly reducing the need for user interaction. The improved sensitivity allows measurements to be made with high time resolution on the order of seconds with a measurements precision of 0.3 s−1. The OH reactivity measurements were validated by using a propane gas standard, which allowed the determination of the reaction rate constant of the OH reaction with propane. The values are in excellent agreement with literature recommendations within a range of 4 to 8 %. Deviations are well within the combined uncertainties. The accuracy of the OH reactivity measurements is mainly limited by the determination of the instrumental zero, which has a typical maximum uncertainty of 0.5 s−1. The high sensitivity of the improved instrument facilitates the data acquisition on board an aircraft as demonstrated by its deployment during the AEROMMA campaign in 2023.
Estimating seasonal bulk density of level sea ice using the data derived from in situ and ICESat-2 synergistic observations during MOSAiC
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wang Xianwei , Lei Ruibo , Jutila Arttu , Perovich Donald K. , Albedyll Luisa von , Divine Dmitry V. , Zhang Yu , Haas Christian
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of Arctic sea ice thickness typically assume fixed values of sea ice bulk density (IBD), overlooking its seasonal evolution and spatial heterogeneity, which are influenced by factors such as the age, deformation, brine, and air inclusions of the sea ice. This study investigates the seasonal variability of IBD during the Arctic freezing season from October to April, across the Distributed Network (DN) scale of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. To estimate IBD, we combined sea ice and snow observations from ice mass balance buoys, snow pits, repeated transects, and ice cores, together with high-resolution along-track freeboard data obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) and the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2). Assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, IBDs were determined for the level ice components of the MOSAiC ice floes, which consisted predominantly of second-year ice (SYI). Our results revealed significant seasonal variability of the IBD with two main phases during the MOSAiC freezing season at scales of DN (~ 50 km), L-sites (~ 25 km), and Main Coring Site (MCS, ~ 50 m). Throughout the freezing season, the mean IBD estimated at the DN scale (910 ± 7 kg m−3) was close to that of the SYI cores at the MCS (912 ± 2 kg m−3), highlighting the SYI-dominated regional ice properties. We also identified that sea ice freeboard, along with the ratios of ice freeboard to total freeboard or ice freeboard to thickness, are critical indicators to determine IBD at the scale of tens of kilometers. We have therefore developed parameterizations for IBD that are expected to be applicable throughout the freezing season for the SYI region, which is also the ice type that currently dominates the central Arctic Ocean. The proposed parameterizations have the potential to optimize basin-scale IBD estimation and improve satellite-derived sea ice thickness.
The surface tension and CCN activation of sea spray aerosol particles
Authors: Kleinheins Judith , Shardt Nadia , Lohmann Ulrike , Marcolli Claudia
Published: September 2024

Abstract. In marine environments, sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles have been found to contain surface-active substances (surfactants) originating from the sea surface microlayer. These surfactants can lower the surface tension of the SSA particles, facilitating their activation to cloud droplets. This effect is not considered in classical Köhler theory, which assumes droplets to be homogeneous with a surface tension of pure water. In this study the CCN activity of SSA particles calculated with classical Köhler theory is compared to a more complex calculation that considers bulk–surface partitioning, surface tension lowering, and liquid–liquid phase separation. The model approach presented here combines the multi-component Eberhart model for surface tension with the Monolayer model and an activity model (AIOMFAC). This combination allows for the first time to calculate Köhler curves of surfactant-containing particles with a large number of compounds. In a sensitivity study we show that  organic compounds can be categorized into weak, intermediate, and strong surfactants for CCN activation based on their separation factor in water S1i and their pure component surface tension σi. For a quaternary model system of SSA particles, it is shown that a high content of hydrophobic organic material (i.e., strong surfactants) in Aitken mode particles does not necessarily prevent good CCN activation, but rather facilitates effective activation via surface tension lowering. Since common climate models use parametrizations that are based on classical Köhler theory, these results suggest that the CCN activity of small SSA particles might be underestimated in climate models.
Toward Better Conservation: A Spatial Analysis of Species Occurrence Data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Authors: Dasgupta Susmita , Blankespoor Brian , Wheeler David
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The world is facing an unprecedented loss of biodiversity, with nearly one million species on the brink of extinction, and the extinction rate accelerating. Conservation efforts are often hindered by insufficient information on crucial ecosystems. To address this issue, our paper leverages advances in machine-based pattern recognition to estimate species occurrence maps using georeferenced data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Our algorithms have generated maps for more than 600,000 species, including vertebrates, arthropods, mollusks, other animals, vascular plants, fungi, and other organisms. Validation involved comparing these maps with expert maps for mammals, ants, and vascular plants. We found a close similarity in global distribution patterns, with regional differences attributed to technical variations or necessary revisions in existing expert maps based on GBIF data. As a practical application, we identified the global distributions of approximately 68,000 species with small ranges (25 km x 25 km or less) confined to a single country. Our maps reveal a skewed international distribution of these species, identifying 30 countries where 78.2 percent are concentrated. These results highlight the need to integrate the newly mapped GBIF data into global conservation planning. Our algorithms support rapid updates and the creation of new maps as GBIF occurrence reports increase. The data are available on the World Bank Development Data Hub at https://doi.org/10.57966/h21e-vq42 (Dasgupta et al. 2024).
Sensitivity of predicted ultrafine particle size distributions in Europe to different nucleation rate parameterizations using PMCAMx-UF v2.2
Authors: Patoulias David , Florou Kalliopi , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The three-dimensional chemical transport model, PMCAMx-UF v2.2, designed to simulate the ultrafine particle size distribution, was used to investigate the impact of varying nucleation mechanisms on the predicted aerosol number concentration in Europe. Two basic case scenarios were examined: the original ternary H2SO4-NH3-H2O parameterization and a biogenic vapor-sulfuric acid parameterization. Using the organic-based parameterization, PMCAMx-UF predicted higher N10 (particle number above 10 nm) concentrations over Europe by 40–60 % on average during the simulated period, which is a relatively small difference given the differences in the two assumed mechanisms. Adjusting the nucleation rate by an order of magnitude for both mechanisms led to an average change of ±30 % in N10 for the ternary ammonia case, and ‒30 to 40 % for the biogenic vapor case. In the biogenic organic nucleation scenario, reducing the fresh nuclei diameter from 1.7 nm to 1 nm resulted in reductions in N10 and N100 by −13 % and −1 %, respectively. Incorporating extremely low-volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) as the nucleating species resulted in predicted increase in N10 concentration by 10–40 % over continental Europe compared to the ammonia parameterization. Model predictions were evaluated against field measurements from 26 stations across Europe during the summer of 2012. Among the tested scenarios, the measurements showed better agreement with the ternary ammonia and ELVOC-based parameterizations for N10, whereas for N100, all simulated cases appear to agree quite well with the field data.
Changes in mean evapotranspiration dominate groundwater recharge in semi-arid regions
Authors: Turkeltaub Tuvia , Bel Golan
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Groundwater is one of the most essential natural resources and is affected by climate variability. However, our understanding of the effects of climate on groundwater recharge (R), particularly in dry regions, is limited. Future climate projections suggest changes in many statistical characteristics of the potential evapotranspiration (Ep) and the rainfall that dictate the R. To better understand the relationship between climate statistics and R, we separately considered changes to the mean, standard deviation, and extreme statistics of the Ep and the precipitation (P). We simulated the R under different climate conditions in multiple semi-arid and arid locations worldwide. Obviously, lower precipitation is expected to result in lower groundwater recharge and vice versa. However, the relationship between R and P is non-linear. Examining the ratio R/P is useful for revealing the underlying relation between R and P; therefore, we focus on this ratio. We find that changes in the average Ep have the most significant impact on R/P. Interestingly, we find that changes in the extreme Ep statistics have much weaker effects on R/P than changes in extreme P statistics. Contradictory results of previous studies and predictions of future groundwater recharge may be explained by the differences in the projected climate statistics.
Spatiotemporal variation of modern lake, stream, and soil water isotopes in Iceland
Authors: Harning David J. , Raberg Jonathan H. , McFarlin Jamie M. , Axford Yarrow , Florian Christopher R. , Ólafsdóttir Kristín B. , Kopf Sebastian , Sepúlveda Julio , Miller Gifford H. , Geirsdóttir Áslaug
Published: September 2024

Abstract. As global warming progresses, changes in high-latitude precipitation are expected to impart long-lasting impacts on Earth systems, including glacier mass balance and ecosystem structures. Reconstructing past changes in high-latitude precipitation and hydroclimate from networks of continuous lake records offers one way to improve forecasts of precipitation and precipitation–evaporation balances, but these reconstructions are currently hindered by the incomplete understanding of controls on lake and soil water isotopes. Here, we study the distribution of modern water isotopes in Icelandic lakes, streams, and surface soils collected in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2019, and 2020 to understand the geographic, geomorphic, and environmental controls on their regional and interannual variability. We find that lake water isotopes in open-basin (through-flowing) lakes reflect local precipitation, with biases toward the cold season, particularly in lakes with sub-annual residence times. Closed-basin lakes have water isotope and deuterium excess values consistent with evaporative enrichment. Interannual and seasonal variabilities of lake water isotopes at repeatedly sampled sites are consistent with instrumental records of winter snowfall; summer relative humidity; and atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation. Summer surface soil water isotopes span the entire range of seasonal precipitation values in Iceland and appear to be consistently overprinted by evaporative enrichment, which can occur throughout the year, although the sampling depths were shallower than rooting depths for many plant types. This dataset provides new insight into the functionality of water isotopes in Icelandic environments and offers renewed possibilities for optimized site selection and proxy interpretation in future paleohydrological studies on this North Atlantic outpost.
Analytical solutions for the advective–diffusive ice column in the presence of strain heating
Authors: Moreno-Parada Daniel , Robinson Alexander , Montoya Marisa , Alvarez-Solas Jorge
Published: September 2024

Abstract. A thorough understanding of ice thermodynamics is essential for an accurate description of glaciers, ice sheets and ice shelves. Yet there exists a significant gap in our theoretical knowledge of the time-dependent behaviour of ice temperatures due to the inevitable compromise between mathematical tractability and the accurate description of physical phenomena. In order to bridge this shortfall, we have analytically solved the 1D time-dependent advective–diffusive heat problem including additional terms due to strain heating and depth-integrated horizontal advection. Newton's law of cooling is applied as a Robin-type top boundary condition to consider potential non-equilibrium temperature states across the ice–air interface. The solution is expressed in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions following a separation of variables approach. Non-dimensionalization reduces the parameter space to four numbers that fully determine the shape of the solution at equilibrium: surface insulation, effective geothermal heat flow, the Péclet number and the Brinkman number. The initial temperature distribution exponentially converges to the stationary solution. Transient decay timescales are only dependent on the Péclet number and the surface insulation, so higher advection rates and lower insulating values imply shorter equilibration timescales, respectively. In contrast, equilibrium temperature profiles are mostly independent of the surface insulation parameter. We have extended our study to a broader range of vertical velocities by using a general power-law dependence on depth, unlike prior studies limited to linear and quadratic velocity profiles. Lastly, we present a suite of benchmark experiments to test numerical solvers. Four experiments of gradually increasing complexity capture the main physical processes for heat propagation. Analytical solutions are then compared to their numerical counterparts upon discretization over unevenly spaced coordinate systems. We find that a symmetric scheme for the advective term and a three-point asymmetric scheme for the basal boundary condition best match our analytical solutions. A further convergence study shows that n≥15 vertical points are sufficient to accurately reproduce the temperature profile. The solutions presented herein are general and fully applicable to any problem with an equivalent set of boundary conditions and any given initial temperature distribution.
Uncovering the Nexus of Identity and Forced Migration: A Collaborative Autoethnographic Study of Afghan Women’s Experiences in Diaspora
Authors: Hashemi Narjes , Amiry Safia
Published: September 2024

This qualitative research investigates the educational mobility of Afghan women in diaspora, particularly those who have experienced forced migration following the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in 2021. The study delves into how their intersectional identities, including gender, ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status, shape their educational experiences. These Afghan women's educational journeys are further complicated by the challenges posed by political and economic conditions in refugee communities, which limit their access to education and employment opportunities while increasing the risk of discrimination and violence. Using an autoethnographic approach, we leverage our personal experiences as Afghan women who immigrated to Canada during two distinct Taliban occupation eras. Through self-reflection, journaling, and daily life observation, we provide nuanced insights into the multifaceted challenges faced by Afghan women during their forced displacement and migration.
La cinéface, une problématique du mouvement, à l’extrême de la pensée
Authors: Barrès Patrick
Published: September 2024

Cette étude aborde les relations entre la peinture et le cinéma d’animation dans l’œuvre de l’artiste français Robert Lapoujade, suivant une approche dialogique. Elle analyse les régimes de plasticité et les mécanismes de la « cinéface » picturale – un concept introduit par l’artiste pour décrire des effets de mouvement dans l’espace de la peinture – tout en explorant les modalités et les enjeux esthétiques de son transfert vers les courts-métrages d’animation, permettant ainsi la transformation de la cinéface en une cinéplastique.
Continuum interpersonal/textual de las coletillas interrogativas en el español de Chile
Authors: Contreras Marco , Pinuer Rodríguez Claudio
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo presenta un estudio sistémico funcional de las coletillas interrogativas en un corpus conversacional del español de Chile. Se describe el funcionamiento interpersonal y textual de las coletillas y se propone un continuum de significados de acuerdo con su ubicación en el enunciado. La ubicación final de turno presenta significación exclusivamente interpersonal como parte de las funciones de habla aserción, pregunta, ofrecimiento y orden. Por su parte, la ubicación interior de movimiento presenta valores interpersonales y textuales. La posición interior de movimiento aporta valores eminentemente cohesivos, relacionados con la metafunción textual, como parte de las estructuras Tema/Rema y Dado/Nuevo. El continuum interpersonal/textual implica un doble funcionamiento metafuncional del recurso coletilla en el discurso oral según su linealización en el movimiento de habla.
Propiedades afectivas del léxico básico del español como segunda lengua y su relación con factores léxico-semánticos y gramaticales
Authors: Blanco Canales Ana
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo analiza las propiedades afectivas del léxico básico de español como segunda lengua, concretamente, las relacionadas con las dimensiones de valencia y activación. Nuestro objetivo es comprobar si hay diferencias entre nativos y no nativos en la conceptualización léxico-semántica de un corpus de palabras y si la L1 del hablante modula, de alguna manera, esas diferencias. Asimismo, nos interesa conocer el papel que desempeñan algunos factores lingüísticos en la transferencia de la emocionalidad. Examinaremos tanto el contraste que se establece con los hablantes nativos como el comportamiento de cada grupo de no nativos. Para tratar de explicar estas cuestiones, llevamos a cabo un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo en el que participan cinco grupos de aprendices de español de diferente procedencia (brasileños, griegos, daneses, estadounidenses y jamaicanos). A través de cuatro cuestionarios, se han obtenido las medidas afectivas de 300 palabras, que se han interrelacionado mediante modelos estadísticos con seis factores (categoría gramatical, tipo de palabra, carga de intensidad, concreción, lengua materna y modalidad). Los resultados generales sugieren una valoración diferenciada en español/L2 que oscila entre la reducción de la resonancia emoción (neutralización de la negatividad) y la sobredimensión, pero un comportamiento similar en relación al efecto de los factores considerados.
La polifuncionalidad de doch en diálogos literarios: aproximación estructural-informativa mediante un modelo de unidades discursivas
Authors: Robles Sabater Ferran , Carbonell Saiz María
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo analiza las funciones características de doch en la conversación mediante el modelo de segmentación de unidades discursivas del grupo Val.Es.Co. Plantea una alternativa a las propuestas tradicionales de explicación de la polifuncionalidad de este lexema, que se basan en criterios gramaticales y desatienden su papel en la construcción y organización del discurso. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se han examinado 500 fragmentos de diálogos ficticios extraídos del corpus paralelo alemán-español PaGeS. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar el vínculo entre las principales características de doch y sus diferentes posiciones en la estructura de la conversación. Además, demuestran que doch no solo es un lexema polifuncional capaz de intervenir en distintos niveles de la construcción conversacional, sino que puede realizar varias de sus funciones de manera simultánea.
Discourse markers of rejection in three varieties of Spanish
Authors: Holgado Lage Anais
Published: September 2024

In the study of discourse markers in Spanish, a field with great vitality in the last few decades, it is common to overlook the expressions used to accept or reject a proposal, suggestion or petition, often included within the broader functions of agreement and disagreement. These answers, used in an informal oral interactive context, exhibit a rich dialectal variety. Due to the fleeting nature of their contexts of use, they are difficult to formally register for further study, especially when looking at them from a panhispanic perspective. For this reason, an anonymous survey was designed in order to ask native speakers about their familiarity with a series of discourse markers used to answer “no” to a proposal. The questionnaire was disseminated in the countries of Spain, Mexico and Colombia, specifically around the capital areas. Participants (N=223) evaluated from 1 (I do not know this expression) to 5 (I use this expression frequently) a series of possible responses, and they were offered the option to provide some other answers not included in the original list. Results show that, while some discourse markers are used to a certain degree in the three varieties, others are prototypical from one of these dialects. The opportunity to offer new expressions was very productive, especially in the case of participants from Colombia and Mexico. While this study focuses on three particular regions, it opens the door to a comparative analysis of discourse markers of negation throughout the Spanish speaking world.
Ciudadanía y democracia en Étienne Balibar: un archivo histórico para una nueva práctica de la política
Authors: Beas Marín Pablo
Published: September 2024

Este texto estudia cómo las reflexiones de Étienne Balibar a propósito de la relación entre democracia y ciudadaníacontribuyen a reanudar una cuestión importante para revalorizar la democracia: la nueva práctica de la política. Asimismo, este es un problema que bajo la expresión “dictadura del proletariado” aparecía previamente en sus escritos entrañando una aguda reflexión acerca de la exclusión política que implica la división “intelectual” y “manual” del trabajo. Además, el artículo pretende mostrar que dicha práctica de la política podría verse enriquecida examinando una particular articulación entre ciudadanía y democracia no atendida del todo por Balibar: la democracia ateniense.
Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Peran Advokat Dalam Pendampingan Tersangka Dalam Proses Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Umum (Studi Kasus Pada YLBHK-DKI)
Authors: Martin Reynaldo , Lumban Selamat , Sudarto
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami Peran Advokat Dalam Proses Pendampingan Hukum Ditingkat Penyidikan Ditinjau Dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Hasil penelitian ini, Terhadap peran advokat dalam melakukan pendampingan hukum ditingkat penyidikan yang ditinjau dari ketentuan Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Acara Pidana khususnya dalam ketentuan Pasal 115 KUHAP, dimana advokat hanya dapat mengikuti jalannya pemeriksaan, tetapi hanya melihat saja, mendengar jalannya pemeriksaan, karena dalam hal ini penasehat hukum yang peranannya pasif dalam proses penyidikan dikurangi lagi semakin pasif dalam hal tindak pidana terhadap keamanan negara. Dengan pembatasan di dalam ketentuan Pasal 115 KUHAP bahwa peranan advoakat atau penasehat hukum hanya melihat dan mendengar jalannya proses penyidikan. Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum dan Kemanusiaan-Duta Keadilan Indonesia (YLBHK-DKI) merupakan lembaga bantuan hukum yang bekerja sama dengan pengadilan dalam menjalankan program bantuan hukum yang diberikan secara cuma-cuma ataupun gratis kepada masyarakat yang kurang mampu. Ketua YLBHK-DKI mengatakan bahwa pada tahun 2022 ada sebanyak 156 kasus tindak pidana yang telah ditangani baik itu kasus narkoba, cabul, pencurian maupun kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT). Maka berdasarkan hal tersebut penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pemberian bantuan hukum cuma-cuma yang dilakukan oleh YLBHK DKI terhadap perkara tindak pidana dalam rangka penegakan hukum di Wilayah Jakarta. Strategi sebagai sebuah perencanaan terdahulu secara sadar dan sengaja mendahului berbagai tindakan yang akan dilakukan, yang kemudian dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan agar mencapai suatu tujuan. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori penegakan hukum dan konsep bantuan hukum cuma-cuma. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris yaitu suatu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara menganalisa data primer.
ANALISIS YURIDIS HAMBATAN PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG NARKOTIKA
Authors: Widiastuti Restu , Zein Subhan , Sudarto
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi oleh penyidik dalam proses penyidikan tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pelaksanaan penyidikan yang dilakukan oleh Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) dengan penyidikan oleh pihak kepolisian, serta mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala yang muncul dalam proses penyidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa perbedaan utama dalam penyidikan yang dilakukan oleh BNN dan kepolisian terletak pada kewenangan serta efektivitas koordinasi antara kedua institusi tersebut. Selain itu, hambatan signifikan yang dihadapi penyidik meliputi kurangnya anggaran, kompleksitas teknik peredaran narkotika, dan tantangan dalam pembuktian status pengguna narkotika sebagai korban atau pecandu. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan koordinasi dan kerja sama antara BNN dan kepolisian, serta optimalisasi sumber daya yang tersedia guna meningkatkan efektivitas penyidikan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan dalam pengembangan kebijakan penegakan hukum terhadap penyalahgunaan narkotika di Indonesia.
Capítulo 2. Fundamentos teóricos del Tercer Sector de la Comunicación. De las vertientes difusionistas a los desafíos actuales en torno a los derechos humanos
Authors: Barranquero Alejandro , Sáez-Baeza Chiara
Published: September 2024

El texto define el tercer sector como un objeto a cuyo análisis contribuyen distintas disciplinas y cuyo origen se sitúa dentro de los debates sobre las organizaciones sin fines de lucro y de la economía social. Aplicado a la comunicación, se estudian las diferencias respecto a los medios públicos y comerciales y se reflexiona sobre los desafíos del tercer sector de los medios para la promoción de los derechos humanos y los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible (ODS).
The Paradigm of Creative Class in a Global Milieu
Authors: Skavronska Iryna
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the creative class as a new layer of contemporary society that drives entrepreneurship, innovation and dynamism of economy. Current social and economic transformations are caused by new factors which affect the emergence of creative class. The potential of creative professionals has become one of the major means of the national development as it contributes to maximizing welfare, enriches consumption and improves standards of living. Creative class is a strategic input for companies and government agencies looking for more effective communication and new ways to stand out. The purpose of this study is aimed at the in-depth clarifying and summarizing of the theoretical background about creative class in a global milieu, including its specific lifestyle, and how it relates to other concept such as creative employment. The underlying argument is that creativity is one of the constructs of those skills, knowledge and abilities required by the modern labor market in the face of globalization challenges. The presented findings of the paper include a more holistic approach to identifying a range of determinants and metrics important for the successful promotion of creative employment. In light of these findings, the article concludes with discussing the rise of creative class in a global scale.
The Interrelation Between Culturally Learned Helplessness and Economic Underdevelopment
Authors: Öztutuş Ferhat , Eroğlu Yunus
Published: September 2024

This article offers insights into the interrelationship between culturally learned helplessness and economic underdevelopment. It is argued that the concept of learned helplessness offers noteworthy insights into the nature of economic underdevelopment, particularly in less developed countries where or if it has become a cultural phenomenon. This reasoning is based on a rationality that is spatially bounded and intrinsically connected to the nature, source and evolution of social and cultural norms. It is concluded that the integration of learned helplessness (or a behavioural theory in general) into the field of economic development offers significant potential for exploring and explaining long-term evolutionary patterns of development.
The dry-bulk shipping market: a small econometric model
Authors:   Bank of Greece, Kasimati Evangelia , Veraros Nikolaos ,   King’s College London, Athens Laboratory of Business Administration (ALBA)
Published: September 2024

Dry-bulk shipping is of paramount importance for the safe and efficient transportation of goods around the world. This paper introduces a small econometric model describing the main dynamics and interactions within this sector. In addition, we have efficiently integrated the influence of global trade demand on freight rates, addressing a limitation that has persisted in many similar models. We consider that our model could assist market participants to take more educated decisions in chartering and investing.