Abstract LB-236: Risk of tMDS/AML after chemotherapy for first primary lymphoid malignancy, 2000-2013
Authors: Morton Lindsay M. , Dores Graca M. , Herr Megan M. , Linet Martha S. , Tucker Margaret A. , Curtis Rochelle E. 
Published: July 2017

Previous studies have demonstrated elevated risks for tMDS/AML after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and plasma cell neoplasms, but current treatment practices have changed considerably. We utilized large-scale, population-based cancer registry data from the United States to quantify for the first time tMDS/AML risks after chemotherapy for lymphoid malignancies in the current treatment era, including analysis for specific non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. In 17 registries, we identified 121,840 adults without HIV infection who survived ≥1 year following a first primary lymphoid malignancy diagnosis during 2000-2013 and were initially treated with chemotherapy. tMDS/AML risk was compared with that expected in the general population using SIRs. tMDS/AML risk was significantly increased 5- to 9-fold after chemotherapy for the most common lymphoid malignancies, including DLBCL, plasma cell neoplasms, follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and CLL/SLL (Table 1). Approximately 5-fold increased risks were observed after chemotherapy for marginal zone lymphoma, LPL/WM, and other/unspecified lymphomas. In contrast, risks were strikingly elevated (&gt;10-fold) after chemotherapy for precursor leukemia/lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Only chemotherapy for hairy cell leukemia was not associated with increased tMDS/AML risk (SIR=1.4), albeit based on small numbers. tMDS/AML risks were higher &lt;5 years after diagnosis compared with ≥5 years for Hodgkin lymphoma, precursor leukemia/lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. In contrast risks were persistently elevated ≥5 years after diagnosis for other lymphoid malignancies. In summary, tMDS/AML risk remains elevated in the modern era following chemotherapy for nearly all lymphoid malignancies. With ongoing introduction of new treatment approaches, continued consideration of risks and benefits of specific agents (and combinations), doses, and duration of therapy is critical.

By time since lymphoid neoplasm diagnosisOverall1.0-4.9 years≥5 yearsFirst primary lymphoid malignancyTotal (N)Mean age at diagnosis (y)NSIR(95%CI)NSIR(95%CI)NSIR(95%CI)Hodgkin lymphoma16,74840.3659.0(6.9, 11.4)4310.7(7.8, 14.5)226.8(4.3, 10.3)CLL/SLL8,47864.31129.4(7.7, 11.3)729.2(7.2, 11.6)409.8(7.0, 13.3)DLBCL31,69259.72045.6(4.8, 6.4)1265.6(4.7, 6.7)785.5(4.4, 6.9)Follicular lymphoma15,65659.51457.8(6.6, 9.2)867.9(6.3, 9.8)597.7(5.8, 9.9)Marginal zone lymphoma4,22362.8295.5(3.7, 7.8)195.7(3.4, 8.9)105.1(2.4, 9.4)Plasma cell neoplasms22,75363.21176.1(5.0, 7.3)795.4(4.3, 6.8)388.2(5.8, 11.2)Precursor leukemia/lymphoma3,53042.73237.3(25.5, 52.7)2852.6(35.0, 76.1)412.3(3.3, 31.4)Mantle cell lymphoma3,52163.44010.1(7.3, 13.8)279.9(6.5, 14.4)1310.7(5.7, 18.3)LPL/WM1,95466.0134.3(2.3, 7.3)105.0(2.4, 9.2)32.8(0.6, 8.2)Peripheral T-cell lymphoma3,15655.73012.7(8.6, 18.1)2315.5(9.8, 23.2)78.0(3.2, 16.5)Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia1,18048.41924.3(14.6, 37.9)1328.6(15.2, 48.9)618.3(6.7, 39.8)Hairy cell leukemia1,70554.631.4(0.3, 4.2)~~Other, unspecified7,24462.0535.7(4.3, 7.4)386.6(4.7, 9.1)154.2(2.3, 6.9)

Abbreviations: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL); confidence interval (CI); diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM); standardized incidence ratio (SIR); Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER); treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (tMDS/AML).

Citation Format: Lindsay M. Morton, Graca M. Dores, Megan M. Herr, Martha S. Linet, Margaret A. Tucker, Rochelle E. Curtis. Risk of tMDS/AML after chemotherapy for first primary lymphoid malignancy, 2000-2013 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-236