bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resenha de "A ditadura espelhada", de Janson Ferreira Mafra.
Authors: Leme Filho Alípio da Silva
Published: May 2020

Resenha de MAFRA, Janson Ferreira. A ditadura espelhada: conservadorismo e crítica na memória didática dos anos de chumbo. São Paulo: BT Acadêmica/Brasília: Liber Livro, 2014. 174 p.
Expediente
Authors: Albuquerque Albuquerque: revista de história
Published: May 2020

Expediente do número 18, volume 9 de albuquerque: revista de história.
O papel da educação patrimonial no diálogo com os agentes sociais do conselho municipal de combate a discriminação e o racismo (COMCEDIR) de Araraquara: repensando representações sociais nos espaços museais de Araraquara-SP
Authors: Rodrigues Robson , Nishikawa Dulcelaine Lopes , Catini Talita Mara , Silva Ana Patrícia Ferreira
Published: May 2020

Resultado de um projeto maior intitulado ”Recuperação e Conservação de Acervos do Patrimônio Histórico e Cultural de Araraquara”. Nessa proposta estava previsto ações de curadoria e conservação com curso de capacitação técnica de agentes dos Museus de Araraquara e também um programa de Educação Patrimonial. As ações educativas foram desenvolvidas com alunos de uma escola pública e com os representantes do Conselho Municipal de Combate a Discriminação e o Racismo (COMCEDIR). O trabalho permitiu um diálogo entre educadores e agentes sociais a respeito das possíveis formas de se observar o passado tendo em vista possibilidades para se preservar e promover a sustentabilidade do patrimônio cultural, local e regional, a partir de estímulos da imaginação do público acerca de outros períodos históricos e a respeito de outras formas de se pensar os patrimônios existentes nos espaços museais. A metodologia utilizada foi colocar o público no centro da ação pedagógica, utilizando o patrimônio arqueológico e histórico-cultural musealizado do município.
De Monumento Nacional à Patrimônio Mundial: uma análise comparativa entre o Monumento Nacional Ruínas Engenho São Jorge dos Erasmos e os engenhos dominicanos da Rota dos Escravos
Authors: Christofoletti Rodrigo
Published: May 2020

A comparação entre bens culturais análogos constitui uma das etapas mais difíceis da candidatura a patrimônio mundial. Compara-se para se ativar os possíveis pontos de convergência que fortalecerão a admissão do bem na lista indicativa do Estado-parte, mas, sobretudo para confirmar as especificidades do bem pleiteante. Há, atualmente, dois lugares no planeta em que a primitiva cultura do complexo açucareiro ainda guarda reminiscências de seus episódios mais longevos: na República Dominicana, em Santo Domingo e no Brasil, na Ilha de São Vicente, atual município de Santos. Cada qual guarda especificidades com relação às técnicas construtivas, a forma de implantação e função de seus elementos. O primeiro representando um exemplo típico de engenhos caribenhos de arquitetura espanhola e o segundo testemunho único de um engenho de tipo açoriano de influência portuguesa.
Boca de cantar, canto de gritar: Violência, racialização e juventude
Authors: Costa Ari Madeira
Published: May 2020

Pretende-se mostrar no presente ensaio algumas faces do apagamento moral e do extermínio de jovens negros na cidade de Rondonópolis/MT. Com efeito, existe urgência em se assegurar aos jovens brasileiros uma existência digna, bem como maneiras de inserção na economia do Estado. Entretanto, em que pese a prioridade absoluta assegurada pela Constituição e pelas leis em favor dos direitos da juventude, as políticas públicas não tem sido eficazes em tal mister, notadamente, quando está em jogo a incolumidade física e moral daqueles que mais têm pressa em ver extirpadas da sociedade as práticas de extermínio do diferente.
Amor e paixão nos bastidores de uma missão religiosa católica no sertão do extremo norte de Goiás (atual norte tocantinense): Quinto Tonini e Teresinha Foli em seus relatos de memória
Authors: Da Silva Raylinn Barros
Published: May 2020

Este estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e seu objetivo foi buscar desvelar uma paixão entre dois missionários católicos orionitas: Teresinha Foli e Quinto Tonini, religiosos que se estabeleceram no antigo extremo norte de goiano – atual norte tocantinense – na metade do século XX, durante o processo que resultou na estruturação do catolicismo na região. Ao analisar as memórias de Teresinha, será possível constatar que os dois alimentaram um amor até o fim de suas vidas, sentimento que fez parte dos bastidores da missão e influenciou os caminhos da mesma no contexto analisado. A fonte utilizada foi relato de memória: livro já publicado. A metodologia consistiu na análise dessa fonte buscando extrair o que ela por vezes pretendeu omitir. Utilizamos como orientação metodológica e teórica, referenciais que se inserem no âmbito dos estudos autobiográficos.
Indígenas no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba - MG: Sítios arqueológicos e patrimônio
Authors: Filho Aurelino José Ferreira
Published: May 2020

ResumoEste artigo é resultado de trabalhos, em âmbito de extensão, por nós desenvolvidos no Campus Pontal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia − mais especificamente nos municípios de Ituiutaba e Cachoeira Dourada − na área do patrimônio arqueológico indígena, Trata-se, também, da publicação parcial da pesquisa intitulada História indígena, arqueologia e patrimônio cultural: Triângulo Mineiro-MG[1], desenvolvida por Claudio Scarparo Silva sob nossa orientação. Buscamos, assim, contribuir com as pesquisas­­ acerca da História e da arqueologia indígena da Região do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Parnaíba– MG.[1]Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso – TCC, defendido no Curso de História da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia – UFU, agosto, 2015
Capitalismo dependente e empobrecimento indígena no Brasil ruralista
Authors: Teófilo da Silva Cristhian
Published: May 2020

Este artigo defende que estudos sobre as formas de desigualdade e pobreza que afetam os povos indígenas contemporâneos deve partir de uma perspectiva macro-histórica e micro-sociológica, de modo a construir uma definição de “pobreza indígena” sensível a sua diversidade e complexidade de manifestações. Para isto buscará conciliar os debates sobre o capitalismo dependente  e os processos socioeconômicos de integração dos povos indígenas a sistemas coloniais e capitalistas específicos atentos ao fato de que estes não se desenrolaram de modo idêntico em cada lugar e tampouco de forma inalterada ao longo do tempo, como atestam os estudos sobre o contato interétnico em antropologia e etnohistória, que privilegiam as perspectivas e transformações indígenas sobre esses processos. O artigo estará apoiado em contribuições etnográficas e denúncias de violação dos direitos humanos dos povos indígenas nas regiões da fronteira Sul do Brasil.
Miudezas das populações mapuches pelo Estado argentino. A fronteira de Buenos Aires e o caso da comunidade mapuche Calfu Lafken de Carhué
Authors: Varisco Sofía Micaela
Published: May 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é in­vestigar os processos de desapropria­ção territorial sofridos pelas comuni­dades mapuches através das diversas campanhas militares que produziram migrações forçadas e deslocamento de famílias para diferentes regiões do país. No caso específico da fronteira com Buenos Aires, o Estado constan­temente avançou e privou a população nativa de seus territórios, o que dificulta a comprovação da ocupação ancestral e, em muitos aspectos, a presença de indígenas na região é invisível. O caso de Carhué e a comunidade Mapuche Calfu Lafken são abordados aqui.
Apresentação
Authors: Menezes Marcos Antonio de , Zanatto Rafael Morato , Silva Robson Pereira da
Published: May 2020

O dossiê Experiências Estéticas Contemporâneas tem como propositura debater acerca das dimensões estéticas entre o século XIX e o século XX, especialmente a partir das expressões produzidas pelas linguagens artísticas (literatura, cinema e música) e suas respectivas performances.
Expediente
Authors: Albuquerque: revista de história Editores de
Published: May 2020

Equipe editorial, etc.
A comparison of bacterial communities from OMZ sediments in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal reveals major differences in nitrogen turnover and carbon recycling potential
Authors: Lincy Jovitha , Manohar Cathrine Sumathi
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Northern Indian Ocean hosts two Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ), one in the Arabian Sea and the other in the Bay of Bengal. High-throughput sequencing was used to understand the total bacterial diversity in, the surface sediment off Goa within the OMZ of the Arabian Sea, and from off Paradip within the OMZ of the Bay of Bengal. The dominant phyla identified included Firmicutes (33.08 %) and Proteobacteria (32.59 %) from the Arabian Sea, and Proteobacteria (52.65 %) and Planctomycetes (9.36 %) from the Bay of Bengal. Only 30 % of OTUs were shared between the sites which make up three-fourth of the Bay of Bengal OMZ bacterial community, but only one-fourth of the Arabian Sea OMZ sediment bacterial community. Statistical analysis indicated the bacterial diversity from sediments of the Bay of Bengal OMZ is ~ 48 % higher than the Arabian Sea OMZ. The community analysis combined with a predictive functional profiling of 16S rRNA amplicons pinpointed the occurrence of specific enzymes that are crucial in the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur compounds, with major differences regarding nitrogen fixation and carbon recycling.
Evaluation of the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential reference dataset for hydrological modelling over North America
Authors: Tarek Mostafa , Brissette François P. , Arsenault Richard
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
(ECMWF) recently released its most advanced reanalysis product, the ERA5
dataset. It was designed and generated with methods giving it multiple
advantages over the previous release, the ERA-Interim reanalysis product.
Notably, it has a finer spatial resolution, is archived at the hourly time
step, uses a more advanced assimilation system and includes more sources of
data. This paper aims to evaluate the ERA5 reanalysis as a potential
reference dataset for hydrological modelling by considering the ERA5
precipitation and temperatures as proxies for observations in the
hydrological modelling process, using two lumped hydrological models over
3138 North American catchments. This study shows that ERA5-based
hydrological modelling performance is equivalent to using observations over
most of North America, with the exception of the eastern half of the US,
where observations lead to consistently better performance. ERA5 temperature
and precipitation biases are consistently reduced compared to ERA-Interim
and systematically more accurate for hydrological modelling. Differences
between ERA5, ERA-Interim and observation datasets are mostly linked to
precipitation, as temperature only marginally influences the hydrological
simulation outcomes.
Testing microsimulation uncertainty of the parcel-based space development module of the Baltimore PECAS Demo Model
Authors: Wang Wanle , Zhong Ming , Zhang Yiming , Li Yaqiu , Ge Jing , Hunt John Douglas , Abraham John Edward
Published: May 2020

A precise and stable microsimulation space development module is fundamental for supporting various policy decision-making exercises related to land development. This paper studies the dynamics or uncertainty of outputs of the parcel-based space development module of an integrated land-use and transport forecasting model—the Baltimore PECAS Demo Model. It is tested with two sub-studies: (1) running the model three times over the entire planning window from 2000 to 2030; and (2) running the model 30 times just one year ahead from 2000 to 2001. The outputs obtained are used to analyze such dynamics or uncertainty. Study results from the first sub-study show that, in general, the system is stable and consistent over runs and time, as supported by a set of paired t-tests. However, the coefficient of variation (COV) measuring the variation of estimated space quantity by category over four cross-section years indicates that the differences among runs are increasing over time through the planning window. The COV test over the second sub-study indicates the estimated space quantity is stable for most of the zones, except for a small portion of zones with a small space quantity.
Contrastive focus reduplication and the modification puzzle
Authors: Bross Fabian , Fraser Katherine
Published: May 2020

In this short paper we present a so far unnoticed syntactic constraint on contrastive focus reduplication (CR), a phenomenon that restricts the semantics of the reduplicated element to a prototypical meaning (but has other uses as well): The CR construction cannot be modified. In the case of nominal CR, this means that adjectival modification is blocked, as in *black COFFEE-coffee. We present data from English and German to support our claim and highlight how earlier accounts fail to capture the syntactic restriction. We then provide a sketch of an analysis couched with a Cartographic framework, tentatively proposing that CR results either (i) from cyclical movement of phrasal material through the specifiers of functional projections into the specifier of a focus phrase or (ii) by directly moving phrasal material into the specifier of a focus phrase.
Temporal and spatial patterns of abundance and occurrence of planktonic shrimps in the Songkhla Lagoon System, southern Thailand
Authors: Lheknim V , Yolanda R
Published: May 2020

Temporal and spatial distributions of planktonic shrimps from the hyperbenthos of Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla lakes in the Songkhla Lagoon system, southern Thailand, were investigated using modified Riley push nets with a mesh size of 0.5 mm between June 2017 and June 2018. Three
species of Mysida and two species of Dendrobranchiata shrimps were revealed, among which Nanomysis siamensis was dominant, representing more than 90% of the catch throughout the year. The Songkhla Lagoon system experiences extreme changes in temperature, salinity, pH, and water levels
due to seasonal monsoons. A significant difference in the planktonic shrimp assemblages between Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla was observed across the sampling months. Significant differences in the assemblage structure were also evident between Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla and among
sampling months. Dissimilar assemblage patterns were prominent temporally during the shift from southwest to northeast monsoon seasons and from the intermediate to southwest monsoon. Lake (Thale Sap or Thale Sap Songkhla) was the most important environmental parameter affecting occurrence
patterns for N. siamensis, Mesopodopsis tenuipes, and Belzebub hanseni in the Songkhla Lagoon system. Salinity governed the spatial distribution of M. tenuipes and B. hanseni. Nanomysis siamensis was the only species that was regularly present in high abundance
in Thale Sap and Thale Sap Songkhla over the entire salinity range. This suggest that N. siamensis is likely a resident species of the Songkhla Lagoon system.
Fatal arrhythmias despite early recognized successful treatment of digoxin toxicity
Authors: Adio Babajide , J Strandlund Sara , P Delaney Thomas
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Digoxin is used to treat severe systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Due to its narrow therapeutic window, toxicity has been well documented. Prompt treatment with the reversal agent, Digoxin Immune Fab is required in cases of digoxin toxicity to decrease mortality. However, little is known regarding the sequela following immediate successful reversal of toxicity. We report the case of a patient who developed potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias following early recognized successful treatment of digoxin toxicity with Digoxin Immune Fab.

Case Report: We report a case of a 69-year-old man with a history of systolic heart failure and atrial fibrillation who presented with altered mental status and gait instability. Polypharmacy was first considered; hence his medications were discontinued, or dose adjusted. Normal pressure hydrocephalus was another diagnosis considered. However, when laboratory data revealed elevated potassium of 5.2 mmol/L, acute kidney injury, elevated serum digitalis at 2.6 ng/mL, prompt diagnosis of digoxin toxicity was made. Digoxin Immune Fab was administered with immediate improvement of patient’s symptoms and labs. However, he experienced runs of ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy in the days following. The patient then had further cardiac work-up requiring transfer to a tertiary care center for an ablation procedure.

Conclusion: While arrhythmias associated with digoxin toxicity have been well documented, little is known of delayed arrhythmias following the use of a reversal agent. We report a rare case of potentially fatal delayed ventricular arrhythmias after early recognized successful treatment of digoxin toxicity with Digoxin Immune Fab.
Reasons for Revision: Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Mechanisms of Failure
Authors: Kelmer Grayson , Stone Andrea H. , Turcotte Justin , King Paul J.
Published: May 2020

Background:

This study aimed to examine the major reasons for total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure and temporal patterns in THA revisions.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on 535 revisions performed on 444 THAs from January 2010 to May 2019 at our institution.

Results:

The average time to revision THA was 8.51 ± 8.38 years, with 136 cases (30.9%) occurring within 2 years after primary THA. The major mechanisms of failure that resulted in revision surgery were mechanical failure (162, 36.5%), metallosis (95, 21.4%), dislocation or instability (65, 14.6%), periprosthetic fracture (46, 10.4%), infection (44, 9.9%), hematoma or poor wound healing (15, 3.4%), and pain or other (17, 3.8%).

Conclusion:

Based on our institutional experience over the past decade, mechanical failure without dislocation, metallosis, dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, and infection are typical reasons patients present for primary THA revision. Revisions within 2 years after primary THA are more likely to be the result of infection and periprosthetic fracture. Mechanical failure is the most common reason for revision THA overall, and mechanical failure and metallosis are more likely to be the reason revision is necessary 2 or more years after primary THA.
Hand hygiene as an incomplete challenge for developing countries: discussions based on knowledge and perceptions of nurses in North Cyprus example and published studies
Authors: GÜRAN Mümtaz , AKÇAY Nimet İlke
Published: May 2020

Objective: In the contemporary nursing era, nurses play important roles in terms of patient care and the prevention of healthcareassociated infections. Here, we aimed to discuss recommendations for developing countries by describing the level of knowledge andperceptions of hand hygiene among nurses in Northern Cyprus as an example to developing countries.Materials and Methods: Adapted questionnaires of World Health Organization (WHO) were used for data collection and obtaineddata were analyzed using biostatistical methods.Results: Among the nurses, 5.6% had good hand hygiene knowledge. “Country of education” and “in-service education” factors werefound to affect the knowledge level significantly. Positive perception level was demonstrated by 83.2% of the participants. Availabilityof alcohol-based hand-rub and promotion of hand hygiene by leaders were perceived as most useful actions.Conclusion: Our study results highlighted the importance of hand hygiene education both in occupational and in-service education.Improvements are suggested in the existing continuing education programs in countries where WHO-Multimodal hand hygieneimprovement strategy is not implemented.
Designing a Constitutional Presidential Democracy in Indonesia
Authors: Isra Saldi , Idris Fahmi , Tegnan Hilaire
Published: May 2020

The constitutional design of the Indonesian democracy has undergone several significant changes from President Sukarno’s regime known as Orde Lama or the Old Order (1945-1965) to Era Reformasi or Reformation Era (1998 to present). During the drafting of the 1945 Constitution, the desire to form a democratic system of government that is unique to Indonesia has led its founding fathers to adopt an ambivalent system of government resembling both a parliamentary and presidential systems of government. By investigating the Indonesian democracy and system of government through the analysis of relevant articles of the 1945 Constitution, the present study seeks to address the question how to design a constitutional presidential democracy in Indonesia. The research results show that with the election of president and vice president and their accountability to the People’s Consultative Assembly or Majelis Perwalikan Rakyat (MPR), the design of the Indonesian system of government better fits a parliamentary more than a presidential. However, the four amendments to the 1945 Constitution (from 1999 to 2002) were intended to pave the way for a presidential democracy capable of accommodating the characteristics of a true presidential system of government in Indonesia.
Green Exercise and Rural America: Cultural, Ecological, and Ideological Implications for Positive Social Change
Authors: Garrin Joshua M.
Published: May 2020

As the global obesity pandemic continues to extend its epidemiological reach, its magnitude continues to transcend demographic boundaries. Increasingly, the extant literature highlights the myriad challenges experienced by socioeconomically disenfranchised populations to combat the insidious biopsychosocial impact of chronic health conditions. However, a counter argument suggests that rural Americans have wide ranging access to the natural environment—an intrinsic resource that offers a broad spectrum of health and wellness opportunities. Beyond its application as a tool for good health practices, green exercise—defined as physical activity in natural settings—can provide an existential platform for the ideals of self-sufficiency, solidarity, and sustainability. A call to capitalize on pre-existing prohealth resources represents an open window for social change dialogue as participants learn to reframe the idea of exercise—not as a task demand, but as an internalized lifestyle value. Invoking Astin and Astin’s (1996) social change model of leadership development, mentors of green exercise programs have opportunities to optimize their leadership and coalition skills, engender diversity-positive attitudes, and affect positive change in a widely underserved population. The following discussion highlights (a) cultural and ideological considerations, (b) theoretical foundations, (c) virtues of social change agency, and (d) the critical role of the program mentor as a facilitator of positive social change in the green exercise milieu. For a population that has been historically entrenched in perceived limitations, a revisionist view suggests that rural Americans have an abundance of nature-based prohealth resources at their disposal. Green exercise initiatives not only represent a practical health platform for rural Americans, but such opportunities can have a transformative impact on the timeworn socioecological dynamics that mediate positive social change.
Engaging Nonprofit Sector to Ensure Social Justice in Local Housing Marketplaces
Authors: Odetunde Joshua
Published: May 2020

The essay attempts to fill the gaps found in knowledge and practice for conceptualizing local housing marketplaces in public policy administration. Dichotomous conceptualization in terms of homeownership and rental housing led to inefficient local housing marketplaces and affordability issues. The rationally evolving economic concept of local housing marketplaces is to financially leverage every family and stimulate investing in landed properties for decent homes. Hence, the Housing Act of 1949 reasonably envisaged every American family having access to a decent home as the great equalizer. Social change to rational conceptualization of local housing marketplace would help resolve affordability issues. Then, complementary civic engagement through community-based nonprofit real estate management programs highlighted could ensure social justice.
A Multifaceted View of CEO Compensation and Performance: A Case Study
Authors: Nirenberg John
Published: May 2020

This case addresses CEO pay, a topic that annually stimulates the question of whether or not executive compensation is based on performance or something else and why it is so high in absolute terms. The societal impact of the new class of executives among the largest companies in the United States set apart from the rest of the world in a cocoon of wealth and privilege inflames resentment among workers, widens an already unfathomable distance between those at the top and the rest of us, and endangers the social amity among citizens of the polity . Positive social change might result from the justification and recalibration of salaries to align more sensibly with actual differences in experience, knowledge, and talent among all workers. However, first, we must become aware of the impact of differences that now alienate much of the working class population from workplaces that enable such a wide salary gap between top executives and average workers. This case is designed to help learners think through the various elements constituting the excessive CEO pay issue.
Leadership In Community Public-Private Partnership Health And Social Care Initiatives
Authors: Mshana Hawa Yatera , Aagard Magdeline , Cullen Cheryl , Tschida Patrick A
Published: May 2020

Although the public–private partnerships in health have been adopted as the best pathway to improving health outcomes in many developing nations, implementation lacks collaborative leadership. The purpose of this empirical qualitative case study was to determine key factors that promote leadership synergy (LS) between partners that enhance ownership and accountability of community health and social initiatives in Tanzania. The diffusion of innovation theory and public–private integrated partnership module were the theoretical framework guided this study. Diffusion of innovation theory is based on the importance of effective communication to spread new ideas and foster change in behavior in a social group such as public and private partnership integrations (Roger, 2003). Twenty-six participants responded to in-depth, one-on-one interviews and the related documents were reviewed. With the use of directed content analysis and NVivo program, six themes emerged. Findings confirmed that integrated supportive supervision, teamwork, and strategic communications promote partnership LS. On the other hand, findings also showed that unclear roles and responsibilities, weak data, and limited understanding of the benefits of public–private partnerships at the community level hinder ownership and accountability. The potential positive social change of this study includes improving LS that promotes community leader engagement and ultimately improving access and use of community health and social programs in Tanzania.
Social Media as Support for Partners of Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Ruiz Susan L , Stadtlander Lee
Published: May 2020

Researchers have established that partners of veterans who isolate socially because of posttraumatic stress disorder are also socially impacted. It is not known how partners cope with their own social isolation and the influence of social media on the isolation while maintaining commitment to their veteran partners. Weiss’ theory of the syndrome of loneliness was used as the basis for this phenomenological study investigating social experiences in 10 female participants drawn from social media groups. Although the study was open to male or female partners, only female partners of male veterans chose to participate. Qualitative email interviews established how the participants socialized as well as the professional and supportive services they might consider beneficial. Data were coded and analyzed to identify patterns that emerged from the experiences of the participants. The primary themes that emerged included that the women had established deep commitments to their veterans and experienced social isolation. Participants’ perception of the social stigma of posttraumatic stress disorder resulted in social withdrawal and a dependency on social media for their social interaction and support.
Doing Qualitative Research Online Book Review
Authors: Busarow Donna M
Published: May 2020

A recent addition to qualitative instruction is Salmon's (2016) book, Doing Qualitative Research Online. This book review examines the book as an educational tool for student researchers.
Death Anxiety, Depression, and Coping in Family Caregivers
Authors: Semenova Veronica , Stadtlander Leann
Published: May 2020

Along with the increase in elderly patients with chronic and disabling conditions, the number of family caregivers continues to rise. Caregiving has been associated with negative physical and psychological impact on the caregivers’ health, as well as, with higher prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and a higher risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine if death anxiety would be a significant predictor of depression and coping in the sample of adult family caregivers of adult patients. Participants were 46 family caregivers recruited through caregiver websites. Participants completed the Revised Collett–Lester Fear of Death and Dying Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis identified significant relationships between death anxiety, depression, coping, and duration of caregiver experience. The findings of this study provide medical practitioners and psychologists with enhanced knowledge, facilitating development of interventions to help family caregivers deal with death anxiety and achieving efficient coping.
A Comparative Analysis of Mississippi Rural Schools’ Abstinence-Only and Abstinence-Plus Programs
Authors: Williams Alonzo Jeffrey , Zamboni Brian , Piferi Rachel
Published: May 2020

Mississippi responded to high teenage pregnancy rates by enacting a law requiring school districts to choose between an abstinence-only or abstinence-plus program. However, there is limited research on Mississippi’s sex education policies, creating a research gap that inhibits developing successful programs. There is a need to compare the two programs with a focus on rural areas. This study compared programs by examining students’ abstinent sexual attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, sexual abstinence behaviors, and perceived effectiveness of sexual education and decision making to address whether those variables differed by programs and if there was an interaction between programs and students’ sex. Guided by the health belief model, social cognitive theory, and theory of reasoned action, data was collected from 366 students by way of a demographic survey and the Sexual Risk Behavioral Belief and Self-Efficacy, Sexual Abstinence, and Effectiveness of Sexual Education Scales. Abstinence-plus program students had higher levels of abstinent sexual attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, and decision-making self-efficacy than abstinence-only program students, with a small effect size for abstinent social norms. Sexual abstinence behavior scores did not differ by programs, and there was no interaction between programs and students’ sex. Results indicate future studies should include a pretest and posttest evaluation.
Prescribing HIV PrEP and Education Needs Among Care Providers
Authors: Logo Martin K , Denawi Hadi , Ferraro Aimee
Published: May 2020

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention to prevent the spread of HIV. Underprescribing PrEP could increase the probability of HIV exposure among serodivergent couples/partners and people who do not practice safer sex. Previous research on PrEP did not assess the association between awareness of PrEP, years of experience of the providers, provider types, and the frequency of PrEP among physicians. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that awareness of PrEP, years of experience, and provider types might be predictors of the frequency of PrEP among physicians. Precaution adoption process model and cross-sectional design were applied to survey 100 physicians. Kendall's b correlation test and Fisher’s exact test showed that awareness was the primary barrier to prescribing PrEP at the providers’ level. Higher awareness of PrEP and years of experience were associated with the frequency of PrEP prescription. However, there was an insignificant difference between provider types and the frequency of PrEP prescription. The findings support the notion that independent from their years of experience and specialty, the more physicians know about PrEP, the more they prescribe it. The results and recommendations contribute to positive social change by providing information to develop a comprehensive PrEP education curriculum for care providers. Our findings indicate that physicians need education and training to fully understand the potential for PrEP to reduce HIV transmission.
The Relationship Between Physical Fitness and School Performance
Authors: Donnelly Jamie A.
Published: May 2020

Past research has indicated a significant relationship between physical fitness and standardized test scores; however, the relationship between physical fitness and other aspects of school performance has yet to be empirically examined in a population specifically composed of middle school girls. Because girls have a harder time transitioning through the middle school years, they are an important group to study in this context. This study examined several factors that contribute to school success, such as classroom behavior, attendance, and grades, in relation to physical fitness among a group of adolescent girls. It was specifically designed to examine the statistical relationship between physical fitness, as measured by the FitnessGram, and quantitative data on school performance including grades, standardized test scores, school behavior, and attendance among 280 middle school girls. The biopsychosocial theory was used as the basis of this study, with the biological factors of fitness levels and body mass index, psychological factors of grades and test scores, and social factors of attendance and behavior. A one-way between-subjects multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that the psychological and social factors of school performance were significantly related to the biological factor of physical fitness. A statistically significant correlation was also found between body mass index, grades, and attendance. Interventions to increase physical fitness may be a way to foster greater school performance in middle school girls.
Dynamics of Household Role Performance and the Culture of Child Health Production in Igbo-Ora, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Salami Kabiru K. , Jegede Ayodele S. , Oshiname Frederick O.
Published: May 2020

Studies about production of health for children have mainly concentrated on the behavior of one or two key household members compared to the dynamics in households involving three or more members. Health production refers to the process of directing available knowledge, skills, and resources towards ensuring, maintaining, and sustaining the health of the members. This cross-sectional design study explored how the dynamics of household structure and members’ roles influence the process of health production in a rural Nigerian community. An interviewer-moderated questionnaire was administered through a panel survey approach in 576 households. Twelve in-depth interviews and eight group discussion sessions were also conducted in Igbo-Ora, Southwestern Nigeria. Twenty-two roles identified from qualitative narratives, grouped into social interaction, material supports, safe environment, and physical health care supports categories, were ranked on a score of performance by household members. The mean household size was 5.4. Malaria, acute respiratory infection, and diarrhea were reported for children in 41.8% households. Mothers recognized and took action on child’s illnesses, while fathers made payment for treatment than other household members. Household decisions on child’s wellbeing focus more on treatment (84.4%) than preventive (7.3%) actions, while final decision resides more in the fathers’ (58.3%) compared to the mothers’ (15.8%) authorities. Mothers scored the highest points in all the role categories, the fathers scored points next to the mothers in material support, and safe-environment roles, while the children’s older siblings scored points next to the mothers on social interaction and caring roles. Health is produced in Igbo-Ora through the consciousness of growth monitoring, safe environment, and hygiene practice.
Birth Weight as Destiny? How Parental Investment Reinforces the Birth Weight Educational Gap
Authors: Gillion Leah
Published: May 2020

Through numerous studies, scholars have come to view birth weight as having a lasting impact on educational outcomes. Normal birth weight is associated with greater educational attainment; however, much of the literature ignores the role of parental investment. Using data from the Fragile Families Child Well-Being Study, it was found that birth endowments alone do not produce varying levels of cognitive development, but these birth endowments do lead parents to make different choices for their children, choices that potentially exacerbate the educational divide. Children with normal birth weight receive more parental investment from birth to age 3 than children with abnormal birth weight. The increased parental investment from birth to age 3 directly increases cognitive scores and the role of parental investment on cognitive scores is amplified indirectly through birth weight. Parents may actually reinforce birth weight differences and, thus, it plays a role in the lingering cognitive gap exhibited later in life.
Security Mechanisms on Web-Based Exams in Introductory Statistics Community College Courses
Authors: Feinman Yelena
Published: May 2020

The credibility of unsupervised online exams is an ongoing concern in higher education. Proctoring, in the form of physical or remote supervision, has been the main mechanism for maintaining academic integrity. However, both forms of proctoring are expensive and inconvenient. Several researchers have examined security mechanisms as a substitute for proctoring and obtained mixed results. This article describes a quasi-experimental study, the main goal of which was to examine the effectiveness of nonbiometric security mechanisms. The security mechanisms were selected based on the taxonomy of cheating reduction techniques rooted in the fraud triangle theory. The security mechanisms were considered effective if the scores were equivalent or lower on the unproctored exams. Two one-sided dependent t tests were used to test for equivalence of scores on two sets of proctored and unproctored exams in face-to-face (N = 704), hybrid (N = 91), and online (N = 55) introductory statistics community college courses. In the first set, the proctored exam was followed by the unproctored exam; in the second set, the order was reversed. In the first set, the scores on proctored and unproctored exams were equivalent in face-to-face and online groups, but students in the hybrid group had significantly lower scores on the unproctored exam. In the second set, the students’ scores were lower on the unproctored exam in all groups. The study’s results suggest that the used security mechanisms were effective.
Health Promotion Behavior Among Hypertensive and Normotensive Armenian Americans
Authors: Minasyan Zoya , Hussey Leslie C , Brewer Kathleen
Published: May 2020

Hypertension presents a significant health risk to both developed and developing countries, affecting approximately 78 million Americans of various ethnic backgrounds. Though a great deal of research about hypertension and minority groups has been published, no studies were located about hypertension in the Armenian American population, despite evidence of health disparities in this population. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in health promotion behavior between hypertensive and normotensive Armenian Americans. A quantitative approach was used to examine the relationship between hypertensive status and health promotion behavior. With a sample size of n = 204, this study found that while there was no significant difference in overall Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile scores, the normotensive group scored higher on physical activity and stress management. These differences remained significant even when controlling for body mass index. Additionally, the study found high smoking rates and elevated body mass index across both samples. These results suggest that interventions that target stress management and physical activity and use the cultural strengths of interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth may be the most effective. This information may be used as a foundation in future interventional studies and may create significant social change by decreasing hypertension among the Armenian American population and increasing awareness of risk factors and prevention.
Social Ecological Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior Among Young Adults
Authors: Muchimba Maureen
Published: May 2020

Most studies on sexual behavior outcomes are restricted to adolescents. However, rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are highest among young adults. This study examined social–ecological predictors in adolescence that predict risky sexual behavior in young adulthood. Using longitudinal data, logistic regression was used to determine social–ecological factors that predict early sexual debut and a high number of lifetime sexual partners among 3,109 young adults. Risk-taking was associated with early sexual debut and a high number of lifetime sexual partners. Father–child connectedness decreased the odds of early sexual debut and a high number of lifetime sexual. School connectedness also decreased the odds of early sexual debut and a high number of lifetime sexual. There was no relationship between mother–child connectedness and the risky sexual behavior. The influence of childhood factors may encompass young adulthood. Personality traits could be used by programs aimed at preventing STD–related behaviors to characterize those at higher risk for risky sexual behavior. These programs also could be more effective by developing approaches that foster parent–child connectedness, and by gaining a greater understanding of the mechanisms through which school connectedness protects against risky sexual behavior, which could decrease the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, and subsequently lower the rates of STDs among young adults.
Social Disorganization Theory: The Role of Diversity in New Jersey’s Hate Crimes Based on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Ciobanu Dana Maria
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this correlational panel study was to test Shaw and McKay’s theory of social disorganization by examining the relationship between demographic diversity and hate crime rates. The study focused on the relationship between the level of diversity, residential mobility, unemployment, family disruption, proximity to urban areas, and population density in all 21 New Jersey counties and hate crime rates. The existing data of Federal Bureau of Investigations’ hate crime rates and the U.S. Census Bureau’s demographic diversity were operationalized as the percentage of Whites over all other races, and social disorganization from the 21 counties of New Jersey between the years 2007 through 2011, for a total sample size of 105 cases of reported hate crimes. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that ethnic diversity did not significantly predict hate crimes; residential mobility and population density had positive effects on hate crime rates. Concentrated disadvantage, characterized by the number of reported unemployment rates, had a negative effect on hate crime rates. The results of the study supported social disorganization theory in reference to residential mobility and population density.
Exploring the Development of Three Law-Based Competency Models for Public Health Practitioners
Authors: Ransom Montrece McNeill , Yassine Brianne
Published: May 2020

As public health promotion and protection become increasingly complex and integrated into various fields, public health law is emerging as an important tool for public health professionals. To ensure that public health professionals are adequately trained public health law, public health law-related competencies should to be integrated into educational and other programming. This article provides three competency models developed by the Public Health Law Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: (a) the public health emergency law competency model, (b) the public health law competency model, and (c) the legal epidemiology competency model. These competency models provide a foundation upon which public health law curricula can be developed for governmental, nongovernmental, and academic public health practitioners. Such standardization of public health law curricula will ameliorate not only the training, but also selection and evaluation of public health practitioners, as well as better align public health training with national public health efforts.
Book Review of Disrupting the Status Quo of Senior Living: A Mindshift by Jill Vitale-Aussem
Authors: Giles Martha J
Published: May 2020

Book Review of Disrupting the Status Quo of Senior Living: A Mindshift by Jill Vitale-Aussem, Health Professions Press, 2019, ISBN 978-1938870828, 216 pages.
Dangerous Abusive Relationships and Sources of Resilience for South Asian Immigrant Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Sabri Bushra , Bhandari Shreya , Shah Anuja
Published: May 2020

This study explored South Asian immigrant women survivors’ perspectives on intimate partner relationships that could lead to severe violence or a homicide and sources of resilience for South Asian immigrant survivors in the United States. The study recruited 16 South Asian immigrant survivors for in-depth interviews and focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Survivors shared some characteristics of dangerous partner such as controlling behavior, anger issues, infidelity, alcohol and drug problems, and history of childhood abuse. Incidents of severe physical abuse, threats to kill, possession of a weapon, and suspicious behavior led survivors to feel fearful for their lives. Sources of resilience in the community (e.g., support from formal sources of help) and at the individual level (e.g., education) were discussed. The needs for culturally informed services and to generate awareness of services among South Asian immigrants were highlighted.