bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Frege–Hilbert controversy in context
Authors: Rohr Tabea
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to show that Frege’s and Hilbert’s mutual disagreement results from different notions ofAnschauungand their relation to axioms. In the first section of the paper, evidence is provided to support that Frege and Hilbert were influenced by the same developments of 19th-century geometry, in particular the work of Gauss, Plücker, and von Staudt. The second section of the paper shows that Frege and Hilbert take different approaches to deal with the problems that the developments in 19th-century geometry posed for the traditional Kantian philosophy of mathematics. Frege maintains thatAnschauungis a source of knowledge by which we acknowledge geometrical axioms as true. For Hilbert, in contrast, axioms provide one of several correct “pictures” of reality. Hilbert’s position is thereby deeply influenced by epistemological ideas from Hertz and Helmholtz, and, in turn, influenced the neo-Kantian Cassirer.
The “Mystery Cell Population” Residing in Murine Bone Marrow – A Missing Link Between Very Small Embryonic Like Stem Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells?
Authors: Bujko Kamila , Suszynska Malwina , Franczak Stephanie , Kucia Magdalena , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Ratajczak Janina
Published: June 2023

Bone marrow (BM) contains not only hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but also some very rare, early development, small quiescent stem cells that, upon activation, may differentiate across germlines. These small cells, named very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs), can undergo specification into several types of cells including HSCs. Interestingly, murine BM is also home to a “mystery” population of small CD45+ stem cells with many of the phenotypic characteristics attributed to resting HSCs. Since the size of the “mystery” population cells are between that of VSELs and HSCs, and because CD45− VSELs can be specified into CD45+ HSCs, we hypothesized that the quiescent CD45+ “mystery” population could be a missing developmental link between VSELs and HSCs. To support this hypothesis, we showed that VSELs first became enriched for HSCs after acquiring expression of the CD45 antigen already expressed on “mystery” stem cells. Moreover, VSELs freshly isolated from BM similar to the “mystery” population cells, are quiescent and do not reveal hematopoietic potential in in vitro and in vivo assays. However, we noticed that CD45+ “mystery” population cells, similar to CD45− VSELs, became specified into HSCs after co-culture over OP9 stroma. We also found that mRNA for Oct-4, a pluripotency marker that is highly expressed in VSELs, is also detectable in the “mystery” population cells, albeit at a much lower level. Finally, we determined that the “mystery” population cells specified over OP9 stroma support were able to engraft and establish hematopoietic chimerism in lethally irradiated recipients. Based on these results, we propose that the murine BM “mystery” population could be an intermediate population between BM-residing VSELs and HSCs already specified for lympho-hematopoietic lineages.

Graphical Abstract
Das Aufwachsen junger Menschen mit und ohne Behinderungen verantworten
Authors: Molnar Daniela
Published: June 2023

Dem Jugendamt kommt bei der Bearbeitung von Problemen im Kontext des Aufwachsens junger Menschen eine besondere Verantwortung zu, die sich aus seinem Verhältnis zu den Kindern und Jugendlichen als ‚Werdenden‘ speist. Vor dem Hintergrund der zukünftigen Gesamtzuständigkeit steht das Jugendamt nun vor der Herausforderung, auch alle Eingliederungshilfen für junge Menschen seiner Verantwortung entsprechend zu bearbeiten. In der derzeitigen aktenförmigen Fallbearbeitung in der Eingliederungshilfe außerhalb des Jugendamtes zeigt sich allerdings mit individualisierenden Problemzuschreibungen und einer Fokussierung auf Bedarfe von Betreuungspersonen und -institutionen eine Verantwortungsumkehr; aus diesem Befund lassen sich Implikationen für die Gestaltung der Fallbearbeitung im Modus von Inklusion ableiten.
A unique pericyclid from the Viséan of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) and other Helicocyclinae n. subfam. (Goniatitida)
Authors: Becker Ralph Thomas
Published: June 2023

The Jebel Begaa region of the eastern Anti-Atlas in SE Morocco yielded a single, very well-preserved goniatite that is closely related to Helicocyclus divergens Riley, 1996 from the lower Viséan (Chadian) of northern England. Both are placed in a new genus, Tectocyclus n. gen., with the Moroccan T. herbigi n. sp. as the type species. Characteristic are its subtriangular suture elements, which distinguish it strongly from Helicocyclus gracillimus Schindewolf, 1951, which is revised based on the re-examination of its types. The type-species of Helicocyclus is characterized by wide, bell-shaped lateral lobes, unlike as in described helicocyclids from the upper Tournaisian and Viséan of North Africa, Russia, and Central Asia. These are assigned, partly with reservation, to Serpenticyclus n. gen., with the oldest species, Helicocyclus fuscus Korn, Bockwinkel, Ebbighausen, and Klug, 2003, as the type-species. All three genera form the Helicocyclinae n. subfam., which first appeared in North Africa, migrated at the end of the Tournaisian across the Variscan Sea to the southern shelf of Laurussia, to Central Asia, and to the Urals seaway, where it survived into Arundian levels of the Viséan.
Improving Health and Reducing Absence Days at Work: Effects of a Mindfulness- and Skill-Based Leadership Intervention on Supervisor and Employee Sick Days
Authors: Vonderlin Ruben , Schmidt Burkhard , Biermann Miriam , Lyssenko Lisa , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Bohus Martin , Müller Gerhard
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) at the workplace have attracted increasing interest due to their positive effects on health and work-related outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these effects translate into reductions in cost-related and objectively assessed outcomes, such as sick days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an MBP for supervisors on reduction of sick days of both supervisors and their employees.

Method

We conducted a quasi-experimental study comparing the effects of a 3-day MBP for supervisors to a passive control cohort based on propensity score matching. Sick days for supervisors (n = 13 in the MBP group; n = 269 in the control group) and their employees (n = 196 in the MBP group; n = 1352 in the control group) were drawn directly from their health insurance records over 4 years; 2 years before (pre) and 2 years after (post) the start of the intervention. A generalized linear model was used to analyze sick days after the intervention, adjusted for pre-intervention sick days.

Results

Supervisors in the MBP condition showed significantly lower nonspecific (general) sick days (M = 13.9 days) compared to their matched controls at post-intervention (M = 32.9 days, χ2[1] = 4.38, p = 0.036, d=0.47). Sensitivity analyses showed that this effect was driven mainly by an increase in sick days in the control group. At the employee level, both specific and nonspecific sick days did not differ significantly between the MBP and control conditions.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that MBPs for supervisors at the workplace have the potential to positively affect their nonspecific sick days. Although these effects did not occur at the employee level, the data provide a first indication that MBPs offered at the workplace might be cost-effective.

Preregistration

The study was preregistered at the German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS-ID: DRKS00013635).
A modified melanoma-molGPA scoring model: assessment of survival after and efficacy of different radiotherapy modalities in patients with melanoma brain metastases
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhang Xueqing , Li Hui , Tang Lirui , Zeng Yibin , Lin Jing , Chen Yu , Li Jinluan
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Patients with malignant melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) have poor prognoses. For MBMs, the Melanoma-molGPA is the most widely used predictive score, but its predictive value remains uncertain in patients fully treated with radiotherapy. We identified MBMs prognostic factors and modified the prognostic scoring model.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with MBMs between December 2010 and November 2021 for prognostic factors influencing overall survival (OS) by univariate and multivariate analyses. Nomogram plots were based on Cox regression modeling. We evaluated overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank tests.

Results

The median OS (mOS) was 7.9 months. On multivariate analysis, BRAF mutation status (p < 0.001), number of brain metastases (BM) (p < 0.001), presence of liver metastases (p < 0.001), brain metastases with a midline shift (p = 0.003), Karnofsky Performance Score (p = 0.02), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (p < 0.0001) were independent OS predictors. These were incorporated into a modified risk-stratification model. Overall, whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) did not significantly affect mOS (mOS, 6.89 vs. 8.83 months; p = 0.07). After risk stratification using our model, WBRT resulted in no significant survival benefit in the low-risk group (mOS 10.07 vs. 13.1 months; p = 0.71) but significantly worse prognosis in the high-risk group (mOS, 2.37 vs. 6.92 months; p = 0.026).

Conclusion

We propose a modified model that accurately distinguishes the prognosis of patients with MBMs and guides decision-making for radiotherapy. Based on this novel model, WBRT should be cautiously selected for high-risk patients.
Serum extracellular vesicles derived hsa-miR-320d as an indicator for progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xue Yizheng , Chen Tianyi , Hou Naiqiao , Wu Xiaorong , Kong Wen , Huang Jiwei , Zhang Jin , Chen Yonghui , Zheng Junhua , Zhai Wei , Xue Wei
Published: June 2023

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a rising incidence in developing countries. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) constitutes 70% of RCC cases and is prone to metastasis and recurrence, yet lacks a liquid biomarker for surveillance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as biomarkers in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the potential of serum EV-derived miRNAs as a biomarker for ccRCC metastasis and recurrence.

Materials and methods

Patients diagnosed with ccRCC between 2017 and 2020 were recruited in this study. In the discovery phase, high throughput small RNA sequencing was used to analyze RNA extracted from serum EVs derived from localized ccRCC (LccRCC) and advanced ccRCC (AccRCC). In the validation phase, qPCR was employed for quantitative detection of candidate biomarkers. Migration and invasion assays were performed on ccRCC cell line OSRC2.

Results

Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d was significantly up-regulated in patients with AccRCC than in patients with LccRCC (p < 0.01). In addition, Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d was also significantly up-regulated in patients who experienced recurrence or metastasis (p < 0.01). Besides, hsa-miR-320d enhances the pro-metastatic phenotype of ccRCC cells in vitro.

Conclusions

Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d as a liquid biomarker exhibits significant potential for identifying the recurrence or metastasis of ccRCC, as well as hsa-miR-320d promotes ccRCC cells migration and invasion.
The biological significance of cuproptosis-key gene MTF1 in pan-cancer and its inhibitory effects on ROS-mediated cell death of liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song Liying , Zeng Rong , Yang Keda , Liu Wei , Xu Zhijie , Kang Fanhua
Published: June 2023

Metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) has been reported to be correlated with several human diseases, especially like cancers. Exploring the underlying mechanisms and biological functions of MTF1 could provide novel strategies for clinical diagnosis and therapy of cancers. In this study, we conducted the comprehensive analysis to evaluate the profiles of MTF1 in pan-cancer. For example, TIMER2.0, TNMplot and GEPIA2.0 were employed to analyze the expression values of MTF1 in pan-cancer. The methylation levels of MTF1 were evaluated via UALCAN and DiseaseMeth version 2.0 databases. The mutation profiles of MTF1 in pan-cancers were analyzed using cBioPortal. GEPIA2.0, Kaplan–Meier plotter and cBioPortal were also used to explore the roles of MTF1 in cancer prognosis. We found that high MTF1 expression was related to poor prognosis of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG). Also, high expression level of MTF1 was associated with good prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), lung cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. We investigated the genetic alteration and methylation levels of MTF1 between the primary tumor and normal tissues. The relationship between MTF1 expression and several immune cells was analyzed, including T cell CD8 + and dendritic cells (DC). Mechanically, MTF1-interacted molecules might participate in the regulation of metabolism-related pathways, such as peptidyl-serine phosphorylation, negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process and peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Single cell sequencing indicated that MTF1 was associated with angiogenesis, DNA repair and cell invasion. In addition, in vitro experiment indicated knockdown of MTF1 resulted in the suppressed cell proliferation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted cell death in LIHC cells HepG2 and Huh7. Taken together, this pan-cancer analysis of MTF1 has implicated that MTF1 could play an essential role in the progression of various human cancers.
A systematic review of volumetric image guidance in proton therapy
Authors: Herrick Mitchell , Penfold Scott , Santos Alexandre , Hickson Kevin
Published: June 2023

In recent years, proton therapy centres have begun to shift from conventional 2D-kV imaging to volumetric imaging systems for image guided proton therapy (IGPT). This is likely due to the increased commercial interest and availability of volumetric imaging systems, as well as the shift from passively scattered proton therapy to intensity modulated proton therapy. Currently, there is no standard modality for volumetric IGPT, leading to variation between different proton therapy centres. This article reviews the reported clinical use of volumetric IGPT, as available in published literature, and summarises their utilisation and workflow where possible. In addition, novel volumetric imaging systems are also briefly summarised highlighting their potential benefits for IGPT and the challenges that need to be overcome before they can be used clinically.
Invariant contact metric structures on tangent sphere bundles of compact symmetric spaces
Authors: González-Dávila J. C.
Published: June 2023

A new characterization is provided for the class of compact rank-one symmetric spaces. Such spaces are the only symmetric spaces of compact type for which the standard vector field $$\xi ^{S}$$

ξ
S

on their sphere bundles is Killing with respect to some invariant Riemannian metric. The set of all these metrics is determined, as well as the set of all those invariant contact metric structures with characteristic vector field $$\xi ^{S}.$$

ξ
S

.

Moreover, on tangent sphere bundles of compact symmetric spaces with rank greater than or equal to two, a family of invariant contact metric structures, which contains the standard structure, is obtained.
Infective endocarditis involving MitraClip© devices: a systematic literature review
Authors: Bertolino Lorenzo , Ramadan Mohammad Said , Zampino Rosa , Durante-Mangoni Emanuele
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Progress of interventional cardiology has boosted the use of newer cardiac devices. These devices are perceived to be less prone to infections compared to traditional surgical prostheses, but little data are currently available. In this systematic review (SR), we summarize current literature regarding the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with MitraClip-related infective endocarditis (IE).

Methods

We conducted a SR of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus between January 2003 and March 2022. MitraClip-related IE was defined according to 2015 ESC criteria whereas MitraClip involvement as vegetation on the device or on the mitral valve. Risk of bias was assessed through standardized checklist and potential bias of underestimation cannot be excluded. Data regarding clinical presentation, echocardiography, management, and outcome were collected.

Results

Twenty-six cases of MitraClip-related IE were retrieved. The median age of patients was 76 [61–83] years with a median EuroScore of 41%. Fever was present in 65.8% of patients followed by signs and symptoms of heart failure (42.3%). IE occurred early in 20 (76.9%) cases with a median time between MitraClip implantation and IE symptom onset of 5 [2–16] months. Staphylococcus aureus was the major causative microorganism (46%). Surgical mitral valve replacement was needed in 50% of patients. A conservative medical approach was considered in the remainder. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 50% (surgical group: 38.4%; medical group: 58.3%; p = 0.433).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that MitraClip-related IE affects elderly, comorbid patients, is mostly due to Staphylococcus aureus, and has a poor prognosis irrespective of the therapeutic approach. Clinicians must be aware of the features of this new entity among cardiovascular infections.
Dual-Ion Co-Regulation System Enabling High-Performance Electrochemical Artificial Yarn Muscles with Energy-Free Catch States
Authors: Ren Ming , Dong Lizhong , Wang Xiaobo , Li Yuxin , Zhao Yueran , Cui Bo , Yang Guang , Li Wei , Yuan Xiaojie , Zhou Tao , Xu Panpan , Wang Xiaona , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: June 2023

Artificial yarn muscles show great potential in applications requiring low-energy consumption while maintaining high performance. However, conventional designs have been limited by weak ion-yarn muscle interactions and inefficient “rocking-chair” ion migration. To address these limitations, we present an electrochemical artificial yarn muscle design driven by a dual-ion co-regulation system. By utilizing two reaction channels, this system shortens ion migration pathways, leading to faster and more efficient actuation. During the charging/discharging process, $${\text{PF}}_{6}^{ - }$$

PF

6

-

ions react with carbon nanotube yarn, while Li+ ions react with an Al foil. The intercalation reaction between $${\text{PF}}_{6}^{ - }$$

PF

6

-

and collapsed carbon nanotubes allows the yarn muscle to achieve an energy-free high-tension catch state. The dual-ion coordinated yarn muscles exhibit superior contractile stroke, maximum contractile rate, and maximum power densities, exceeding those of “rocking-chair” type ion migration yarn muscles. The dual-ion co-regulation system enhances the ion migration rate during actuation, resulting in improved performance. Moreover, the yarn muscles can withstand high levels of isometric stress, displaying a stress of 61 times that of skeletal muscles and 8 times that of “rocking-chair” type yarn muscles at higher frequencies. This technology holds significant potential for various applications, including prosthetics and robotics.
Boosting Lean Electrolyte Lithium–Sulfur Battery Performance with Transition Metals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pan Hui , Cheng Zhibin , Zhou Zhenyu , Xie Sijie , Zhang Wei , Han Ning , Guo Wei , Fransaer Jan , Luo Jiangshui , Cabot Andreu , Wübbenhorst Michael
Published: June 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios (< 10 µL mg−1), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries.

Graphical Abstract
Crystallization and Orientation Modulation Enable Highly Efficient Doctor-Bladed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Jianhui , Feng Erming , Li Hengyue , Ding Yang , Long Caoyu , Gao Yuanji , Yang Yingguo , Yi Chenyi , Zheng Zijian , Yang Junliang
Published: June 2023

With the rapid rise in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) performance, it is imperative to develop scalable fabrication techniques to accelerate potential commercialization. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs fabricated via scalable two-step sequential deposition lag far behind the state-of-the-art spin-coated ones. Herein, the additive methylammonium chloride (MACl) is introduced to modulate the crystallization and orientation of a two-step sequential doctor-bladed perovskite film in ambient conditions. MACl can significantly improve perovskite film quality and increase grain size and crystallinity, thus decreasing trap density and suppressing nonradiative recombination. Meanwhile, MACl also promotes the preferred face-up orientation of the (100) plane of perovskite film, which is more conducive to the transport and collection of carriers, thereby significantly improving the fill factor. As a result, a champion PCE of 23.14% and excellent long-term stability are achieved for PSCs based on the structure of ITO/SnO2/FA1-xMAxPb(I1-yBry)3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag. The superior PCEs of 21.20% and 17.54% are achieved for 1.03 cm2 PSC and 10.93 cm2 mini-module, respectively. These results represent substantial progress in large-scale two-step sequential deposition of high-performance PSCs for practical applications.
Mātauranga Māori and Kai in Schools: An Exploration of Traditional Māori Knowledge and Food in Five Primary Schools in Regional New Zealand
Authors: Glassey Rachael , Swinburn Boyd , Haerewa Raun Makirere , McKelvie-Sebileau Pippa , Chote Brittany , Tipene-Leach David
Published: June 2023

Māori(Indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ)) suffer food insecurity disproportionately in New Zealand. Some research suggests that Māori valuemātauranga Māori(traditional Māori knowledge) when it comes to the collection, preparation and eating ofkai(food). This study explores the connections between mātauranga Māori and kai in regional NZ schools for potential pathways to impact food security for children. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with five primary school principals in the Hawke’s Bay region. Principals were purposively selected on commitments to proactively incorporating mātauranga Māori into their school environment. Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Three main themes were identified: teaching and learning around mātauranga Māori and kai; environmental sustainability and the sustainability of kai initiatives; and school values. A strong emphasis was placed on the learning of traditional Māori values around kai and thewhenua(land) and the sustainability of teaching programs. School values were invariably bound inTe Ao Māori(a Māori worldview) however, schools felt challenged in aligning their values and their mātauranga Māori-bound teaching practices with the current food provision programme in their schools (Ka Ora, Ka Ako). The programme’s strict nutritional guidelines appeared to challenge traditional Māori approaches to kai. Schools remain an ideal environment for the incorporation of mātauranga Māori to support food security and food education, and future work should explore a demonstration project that incorporates the knowledge gained in this study and ways to integrate mātauranga Māori into Ka Ora, Ka Ako.
Neurobiological Concomitants of Autism as Informers of Clinical Practice: a Status Review
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Although a great deal of research is conducted into the neurobiological correlates of autism, there has been no recent overview of the findings from this research in terms of how they translate to clinical practice. To provide an overview of recent literature in the fields of head size, brain volume, brain region, connectivity between brain regions, and synaptic function, as they apply to autism, with a view to informing clinical practice.

Methods

Major empirical and review papers on these topics from the last 30 years were identified via a search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychInfo, using the descriptors ‘autism’, ‘head size’, ‘brain volume’, ‘brain region’, ‘connectivity between brain regions’, and ‘synaptic function’. To distil the key findings relevant to clinical practice, both authors conducted blind reviews, producing a set of ‘key’ papers for this purpose.

Results

Each field produced a number of major findings, which were then described and discussed, and translated into a table of ‘Findings’, ‘Diagnostic suggestions’ (for the clinician’s protocols), and ‘Clinical actions’ (suggestions for interactions with carers of autistic children and adults).

Conclusions

The stability of the research within each field varies, with some clear findings and others that are yet to be consistently verified. Despite this, some specific clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment (particularly clinician-carer interactions) are described.
The nature and scope of Outdoor Education in Western Australia
Authors: Picknoll Duncan , Down Michael , Hands Beth
Published: June 2023

Outdoor Education has evolved as a learning area in Western Australia over many years. In this paper we document historical elements of an investigation into the nature and scope of Outdoor Education in Western Australia. Previous investigations conducted by other researchers on the nature and scope of Outdoor Education focused on Victoria, South Australia, and New Zealand guided the design and conduct of this study.  We examine the introduction of the Outdoor Education course offered as an option in the Western Australian Certificate of Education. We provide signposts of significant events with consideration of the secondary and tertiary education settings. Outdoor Education, in its many formats, has a strong historical presence in Western Australia and continues to hold great potential within the curriculum.
Advances in friction stir welding of Ti6Al4V alloy complex geometries: T-butt joint with complete penetration
Authors: Ambrosio Danilo , Wagner Vincent , Vivas Javier , Dessein Gilles , Aldanondo Egoitz , Cahuc Olivier
Published: June 2023

In this work, the friction stir weldability of Ti6Al4V T-joints has been investigated. Its aims are: (i) to study the influence of tool and welding parameters on weld quality, (ii) to assess the joints’ mechanical strength to foresee future applications, and (iii) to characterize Co-based FSW tools’ wear by following the wear during the tests. Welds’ defectivity is studied by cross-section macrographies analysis. Independently from welding parameters and tools, internal voids are avoided, and a suitable weldability window is identified. Microstructure observations have corroborated temperatures below the

$$\beta $$

β

-transus point even in the nugget zone, guaranteeing joints’ maximum mechanical strengths at 96% and 87% of the base material for UTS and Y, respectively. Contrarily, elongation at break is very low, without reaching 20% of the base material. The failure is linked to section thinning and kissing bond defects at the joints’ corners. Additionally, tool wear proved to be a critical issue while friction stir welding Ti6Al4V. The inner part of the shoulder is the most sensitive to wear. The consequent high wear rate might be a problem for mass production. The work established the pertinence of assembling complex geometries of Ti6Al4V using friction stir welding, considering weld quality and the mechanical strength achieved. However, critical factors such as section thinning, kissing bond, and tool wear must be carefully addressed to avoid joints’ low elongation at break and to guarantee their mechanical strength.
Identifying abandoned buildings in shrinking cities with mobile sensing images
Authors: Li Yan , Meng Xiangfeng , Zhao Huimin , Li Wenyue , Long Ying
Published: June 2023

The number of abandoned buildings in shrinking cities is increasing sharply, posing environment risks, threatening the safety and health of residents, affecting the real estate market, and burdening government finance. Abandoned building detection provides fundamental information for refined urban management, real estate transactions and government decision-making. However, emerging sources of data, such as satellite imagery and commercial street views, are insufficient to timely collect this fine-scale data, lacking large-scale and fine-grained detection method. Therefore, in this research, we aim to define the connotation and identification criteria of abandoned buildings, develop an effective deep learning method based on image segmentation, and detect individual abandoned buildings from large-scale mobile sensing images (MSIs) with high accuracy. The study conducted a mobile sensing campaign in a shrinking city in Northeast China, collecting 11,359 street-level images of 126.2 km of urban roads. The accuracy of the deep learning detection method was 83.8%. The study compared with the detection of commercial street view images (latest in 2015) and analyzed the dynamic changes of abandoned buildings. From 2015 to 2021, the number of abandoned buildings in the case city decreased from 102 to 50 and became more concentrated in the old city area. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of MSIs in detecting abandoned buildings and shows the enormous potential to timely detect abandoned buildings in large spatial ranges.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Transmission for Remote Interpretation in Austere Environments
Authors: Haines Carver M. , Waasdorp Christopher P. , Lockhart Ellen R. , Lareau Stephanie A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Point–of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is used in wilderness medicine and could potentially be the only imaging modality available. Cellular and data coverage is often lacking in remote areas, limiting image transmission. This study evaluates the viability of transmitting POCUS images from austere environments using slow-scan television (SSTV) image transmission methods over very-high-frequency (VHF) hand-held radio units for remote interpretation.

Methods

Fifteen deidentified POCUS images were selected and encoded into an SSTV audio stream by a smartphone and transmitted over a VHF radio. A second radio and smartphone 1 to 5 mi away received and decoded the signals back into images. The original images and transmitted images were randomized into a survey graded by emergency medicine physicians using a standardized ultrasound quality assurance scoring scale (1–5 points).

Results

The difference in mean scores between the original image and transmitted image showed a 3.9% decrease in transmitted image scores, with P <0.05 on a paired t test; however, this is not likely a clinically significant decrease. Comparing transmitted images using different SSTV encodings and distances ranging up to 5 mi, 100% of survey respondents determined the images to be clinically usable. This dropped to 75% when significant artifacts were introduced.

Conclusions

Slow-scan television image transmission is a viable option for transmitting ultrasound images in remote areas where more modern forms of communication are unavailable or not practical. Slow-scan television may have potential as another data transmission option in the wilderness, such as electrocardiogram tracings.
Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis
Authors: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Published: June 2023

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Case Against Race-Based Quotas in Pharmaceutical Trials
Authors: Conklin Michael
Published: June 2023

This Article is the first to offer a comprehensive case against using racial quotas in pharmaceutical studies by providing a detailed examination of the arguments for and against the practice. It begins by discussing the current racial classification system, calls for racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials, and the troubling history of combining race and scientific investigation. It next examines the cautionary tale of BiDil, the first drug authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in only Black people. The third part of the Article sets forth the arguments against racial quotas. The fourth part provides legal analysis of these arguments, concluding that racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials likely would not satisfy the strict scrutiny standard for two independent reasons. The fifth part evaluates the alleged benefits of racial quotas and demonstrates that when properly understood they are insignificant in comparison to the disadvantages. The final part weighs the evidence to arrive at a conclusion and considers future implications.

Ultimately, this Article provides a valuable framework for assessing the legal and pragmatic implications not just for pharmaceutical trial quotas but also for other racial-classification issues in health care. For example, while it presents a cumulative case against the proposed practice of racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials, many of the same arguments presented are also applicable to the currently mandated practice of acquiring and reporting racial data of pharmaceutical trial participants. It will serve as a valuable resource not only for opponents of racial quotas but also for advocates. For example, this Article provides numerous race-neutral alternatives for consideration. And the strong case against racial quotas helps facilitate a refocus of efforts away from merely ameliorating the end results of health care disparities and instead targeting the root causes. Evidence suggests that this redirected focus on root causes is more effective at producing positive change. In this way, rejecting these quotas is not in conflict with addressing health disparities; rather, it is beneficial to it. This Article will hopefully serve as a catalyst for future research regarding best practices on how pragmatic; legal; and diversity, equity, and inclusion considerations can synergistically exist.
The singing firn
Authors: Chaput Julien , Aster Richard C. , Karplus Marianne
Published: June 2023

Antarctic firn presents an exotic seismological environment in which the behaviors of propagating waves can be significantly at odds with those in other Earth media. We present a condensed view of the nascent field of ambient noise seismology in Antarctic firn-covered media, and highlight multiple unusual and information-rich observations framed through the lens of the firn's important role as a buffer for air temperature anomalies and a complex contributor to ice mass balance. We summarize key results from several recent papers depicting novel wind-excited firn resonances and point to the plethora of ways these observations could facilitate imaging and monitoring of glacial systems at single, isolated seismometers. Finally, we propose significant instrumental and computational objectives necessary to constrain resonance excitation mechanisms and broadly apply these observations as useful monitoring tools in Antarctica.
Antimicrobial stewardship, procalcitonin testing, and rapid blood-culture identification to optimize sepsis care in critically ill adult patients: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Sligl Wendy I. , Chen Justin Z. , Wang Xiaoming , Boehm Cheyanne , Fong Karen , Crick Katelynn , Garrido Clua Míriam , Codan Cassidy , Dingle Tanis C. , Gregson Daniel , Prosser Connie , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Yan Charles , Chen Guanmin , Tse-Chang Alena , Garros Daniel , Doig Christopher J. , Zygun David , Opgenorth Dawn , Conly John M. , Bagshaw Sean M
Published: June 2023

We examined the effect of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), procalcitonin testing and rapid blood-culture identification on hospital mortality in a prospective quality improvement project in critically ill septic adults. Secondarily, we have reported antimicrobial guideline concordance, acceptance of ASP interventions, and antimicrobial and health-resource utilization.
A typology of reverse discrimination in EU citizenship law
Authors: van den Brink Martijn
Published: June 2023

This Article sheds new light on one of the longest-running debates in the European Union (EU) citizenship literature: the concept of ‘reverse discrimination’ and the question of whether it is justified. Reverse discrimination has divided EU lawyers into roughly two distinct groups. One group believes that it constitutes an unjustified violation of the principle of equality; a second that it is inevitable in a Union governed by the constitutional principle of divided powers. This Article questions this by offering a typology of reverse discrimination. While most scholars assume that reverse discrimination is a singular phenomenon that demands a singular response, this Article shows that it is a variegated phenomenon that demands a variegated response. It distinguishes three types of reverse discrimination and explains that the proper response depends on the type we are considering. Type I is caused by the application of the principle of mutual recognition; Type II by an interaction between domestic federalism and internal discrimination; and Type III by the CJEU’s confusion over the aim of the right to free movement and residence. Through this typology, the Article shows that reverse discrimination is never a corollary of the principle of divided powers, nor is it always incompatible with the principle of equality. Finally, the Article shows that to the extent that reverse discrimination violates the principle of equality, the solution is not to equalise rights upwards but downwards to the lower (national or regional) level of government. This shows that the principle of equality and the principle of divided powers need not collide.
Pushing the debate on Posted Workers beyond the EU’s Status Quo
Authors: Skrbic Aristel
Published: June 2023

The debate on the posting of workers in the European Union (EU) shows no sign of resolution 15 years after the controversial Laval quartet of judgements by the ECJ. The majority view has it that the judgements gave social dumping the backing of EU law, thus undermining national achievements in the social sphere. From this perspective the 2018 Revised Posted Workers Directive is a step in the right direction. The critique from the periphery, on the other hand, alleges that what looks like social dumping from the centre amounts to equality of opportunity for workers of the periphery, thus seeing the judgements in a more ambiguous or even positive light. The Revised PWD is here seen as a reassertion of national dominance from the EU’s centre. In this paper I engage with Christodoulidis’s constitutional approach to this complex problem which he develops in The Redress of Law, arguing against his embrace of the majority position in Part 3 of his work while building on his radical democratic proposals from Part 4. From the latter’s perspective, both the majority view as well as the critique from the periphery are to be rejected, since the very opposition between the two options is inimical to workers’ rights in the EU. Radical democratic action is necessary to overcome this impasse, to open the space within which rights and interests of workers from across the Union can be properly protected and advanced.
Sinology in Vietnam
Authors: Kelley Liam C.
Published: June 2023

A form of Sinology emerged in Vietnam in the early twentieth century during the period of colonial rule as Western learning came to replace the traditional curriculum of the Confucian classics. At first, scholars sought to preserve traditional learning by translating Confucian and Buddhist texts into the Vietnamese vernacular. Then in the 1930s and 1940s, scholars produced works on Chinese history, philosophy, and literature that engaged with the works of modern scholars from China and the West. The development of this body of Sinological scholarship was then disrupted by periods of revolution and war. This article traces the development of Sinology in Vietnam through these periods up to the present.
From thin plates to Ahmed bodies: linear and weakly nonlinear stability of rectangular prisms
Authors: Zampogna Giuseppe A. , Boujo Edouard
Published: June 2023

We study the stability of laminar wakes past three-dimensional rectangular prisms. The width-to-height ratio is set to

$W/H=1.2$

, while the length-to-height ratio

$1/6< L/H<3$

covers a wide range of geometries from thin plates to elongated Ahmed bodies. First, global linear stability analysis yields a series of pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations: (i) at lower Reynolds numbers

$Re$

, two stationary modes,

$A$

and

$B$

, become unstable, breaking the top/bottom and left/right planar symmetries, respectively; (ii) at larger

$Re$

, two oscillatory modes become unstable and, again, each mode breaks one of the two symmetries. The critical

$Re$

values of these four modes increase with

$L/H$

, reproducing qualitatively the trend of stationary and oscillatory bifurcations in axisymmetric wakes (e.g. thin disk, sphere and bullet-shaped bodies). Next, a weakly nonlinear analysis based on the two stationary modes

$A$

and

$B$

yields coupled amplitude equations. For Ahmed bodies, as

$Re$

increases, state

$(A,0)$

appears first, followed by state

$(0,B)$

. While there is a range of bistability of those two states, only

$(0,B)$

remains stable at larger

$Re$

, similar to the static wake deflection (across the larger base dimension) observed in the turbulent regime. The bifurcation sequence, including bistability and hysteresis, is validated with fully nonlinear direct numerical simulations, and is shown to be robust to variations in

$W$

and

$L$

in the range of common Ahmed bodies.
A family of adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers with upstream favourable pressure gradients
Authors: Parthasarathy Aadhy , Saxton-Fox Theresa
Published: June 2023

A flat-plate turbulent boundary layer (TBL) is experimentally subjected to a family of 22 favourable–adverse pressure gradients (FAPGs) using a ceiling panel of variable convex curvature. We define FAPGs as a sequence of streamwise pressure gradients in the order of favourable followed by adverse, similar in sequence to the pressure gradients over the suction side of an airfoil. For the strongest pressure gradient case, the acceleration parameter,$K$, varied spatially from$6 \times 10^{-6}$to$- 4.8 \times 10^{-6}$. The adverse pressure gradient (APG) region of this configuration is studied using particle image velocimetry in the streamwise–wall-normal plane. The statistics of the APG TBL show that the upstream favourable pressure gradient (FPG) exerts a strong and lasting downstream influence, and that the rapid spatial changes in the pressure gradients imposed cause an internal boundary layer to grow within the TBL for 15 of the cases studied. The internal layer typically occupies 20 $\%$of the boundary layer thickness and dominates the boundary layer response, containing the peak turbulent production, peak strength and population of vortices, and most of the spectral energy content of the flow. The outer layer, on the other hand, develops in the APG region without considerable changes to the state dictated by the upstream FPG. These trends are in contrast to APG TBLs that originate from a zero pressure gradient region, where the outer/wake region is known to dominate TBL response. The observed changes are quantified across the family of FAPGs imposed.
Simulation-based study of low-Reynolds-number flow around a ventilated cavity
Authors: Liu Han , Xiao Zuoli , Shen Lian
Published: June 2023

Ventilated cavitating flows are investigated via direct numerical simulations, using a coupled level set and volume of fluid method to capture the interface between the air and water phases. A ventilated disk cavitator is used to create the cavity and is modelled by a sharp-interface immersed boundary method. The simulation data provide a comprehensive description of the two-phase flow and the air leakage and vortex shedding processes in the cavitating flow. The mean velocity of the air phase suggests the existence of three characteristic flow structures, namely the shear layer (SL), recirculating area (RA) and jet layer (JL). The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is concentrated in the JL in the closure region, and streamwise turbulent fluctuations dominate transverse fluctuations in both SL and JL. Budget analyses of the TKE show that the production term causes the TKE to increase in the SL due to the high velocity gradients, and decrease in the JL due to streamwise stretching effects. Air leakage and vortex shedding occur periodically in the closure region, and the one-to-one correspondence between these two processes is confirmed by the velocity and volume fluid spectra results, and the autocorrelation function of the air volume fraction. Moreover, the coherent flow structures are analysed using the spectral proper orthogonal decomposition method. We identify several fine coherent structures, including

$SL_{KH}$

induced by the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability,

$SL_{out}$

associated with large-scale vortex shedding,

$SL_{in}$

associated with small-scale vortex shedding, and

$SL_{r}$

associated with upstream turbulent convection. The present study complements previous research by providing detailed descriptions of the turbulent motions associated with the violent mixing of air and water, and the complex interactions between different characteristic structures in cavitating flows.