bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Issues Related to Excessive Usage of Social Media among School-going Adolescents: A Study from Sonitpur District of Assam, India
Authors: Singh Abhijeet
Published: May 2024

Background:

School-going adolescents are found to be on the leading edge when it comes to social media usage.

Aim and Objectives:

The study was designed to see the behavioral issues related to excessive usage of social media among school-going adolescents from the Sonitpur district of Assam, India.

Materials and Methods:

Cross-sectional descriptive research design and simple random sampling were used to collect data. At the onset, 1045 respondents were recruited, but finally, n = 943 respondents were kept for the final study. Tools administered were sociodemographic data sheet, a semi-structured questionnaire, strength and difficulty questionnaire, and social media addiction scale. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.

Results:

The level of social media addiction was very high in 30.5% of the respondents. In Pearson’s coefficient correlation, social media addiction score was found to be significantly positively correlated with the emotional problem (r = 0.509, P = 0.01), conduct problem (r = 0.398, P = 0.01), hyperactivity problem (r = 0.489, P = 0.01), and peer problem (r = 0.359, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

The present study highlighted the high prevalence of social media addiction among school-going adolescents. Hence, based on the findings, precautionary measures are the need of the hour. Intervention can be planned at the school level in collaboration with mental health-care personnel such as psychologists, school counselors, and social workers, etc.
Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on post-vitrification mouse embryo development
Authors: Anisa-Annur S , Wan-Hafizah WJ , Nor-Ashikin MNK , Muhammad-Zaki R
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To investigate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on post-vitrification embryo development and gross morphology.

Methods:

Balb/c mouse embryos were cultured in potassium simplex optimised medium (KSOM) with varying CoQ10 concentrations [0 (control), 20, 40, and 60 μΜ]. The most effective CoQ10 concentration (40 μM) was selected for subsequent post-vitrification morphology study. Embryos were randomly divided into four groups: Group A (non-vitrified without CoQ10), Group B (non-vitrified with CoQ10), Group C (vitrified without CoQ10), and Group D (vitrified with CoQ10), followed by vitrification at the 8-cell stage. Survival rates and development until the blastocyst stage were evaluated through morphological examinations using ASEBIR's system, distinguishing normal and abnormal embryos.

Results:

Supplementation of 40 μM CoQ10 significantly increased blastocyst formation (95%) compared to the control group (92%), 20 μM (62%), and 60 μM (56%) (P<0.001). Following vitrification, Group D exhibited a significant increase in blastocyst formation (92%) compared to Group C (82%) (P<0.05). Morphological assessments indicated superior embryo quality in Group B over Group D during the cleavage stage, morula, and blastocyst (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

CoQ10 supplementation exhibits promising potential to enhance preimplantation embryo development, increase blastocyst formation rates, and improve embryo quality post-vitrification. This offers a promising approach to mitigate oxidative stress on embryos, potentially improving overall assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
Repeated pregnancy losses with multiple aneuploidies and major genomic imbalance: A case report
Authors: Pande Shailesh , Babu Shiny , Gawde Harshavardhan , Minde Neha
Published: May 2024

Rationale:

If one of the partners is having balanced autosomal translocation, it is usually observed that the offspring inherit either normal chromosomes, balanced translocation identical to one of the parent or unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements of the same parental chromosome having translocation.

Concern:

A unique case presented with history of 8 miscarriages for genetic counseling. The last abortus material evaluation showed monosomy of chromosome X (Turner syndrome) in all the analyzed cells. There was a history of infertility and also repeated second trimester abortions on the paternal side. On the maternal side, there was a history of intellectual disability.

Diagnose:

History of repeated abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Wife’s karyotype is normal; however, husband shows translocation between chromosome 4 and 22.

Intervention:

Peripheral blood sample around 3 mL was collected for karyotype. Embryo biopsy was done and DNA was extracted and processed for whole exome sequencing.

Outcomes:

Wife’s karyotype is normal and husband has translocation between chromosome 4 and 22. Surprisingly, the entire pregnancy outcome including embryo screening has different, complete or partial aneuploidies of chromosomes other than chromosome 4 and 22.

Main lesson:

Though the translocation in one of the parent is balanced, we have to think beyond traditional ways for evaluating a couple with repeated pregnancy loss as we cannot predict the errors at cell division. Option of in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in couples having balanced translocations should be discussed so that early intervention can prevent the agony of pregnancy loss.
Global systematic review and meta-analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards dengue fever among the general population
Authors: Jahromi Abdolreza Sotoodeh , Jokar Mohammad , Abdous Arman , Sharifi Nader , Abbasi Tahere , Rahmanian Vahid
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To determine the global level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.

Methods:

To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis, a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023. The search used Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, Springer, and ProQuest. A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers. Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity. When there was heterogeneity, the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.

Results:

59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis. These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge, 20196 in 33 studies on attitudes, and 74881 in 29 studies on practices. The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1% (95% CI 33.8%-46.5%), 46.8% (95% CI 35.8%-58.9%), and 38.3% (95% CI 28.4%-48.2%), respectively. Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%, and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%. Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean (54.1%) and Southeast Asia (53.6%), contrasting sharply with the Americas, where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%. Regarding preventive behaviors, the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%, Southeast Asia at 28.1%, Western Pacific at 49.6%, Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%, and Africa at 47.4%.

Conclusions:

Regional disparities about the knowledge, attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts, highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.
Microbiological Profile of Bloodstream Infections in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kabi Sunita , Swain Bichitrananda , Jain Swati
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain a major cause of mortality in patients with malignancies. Up to 17% of patients who develop a nosocomial BSI in the hospital have an underlying malignancy. Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant etiologic agents of BSI, and their multidrug resistance rate is increasingly being recognized. This study attempts to identify the likely causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile of BSI in cancer patients.

Methodology:

We conducted a prospective study for a period of 1 year and analyzed the spectrum of BSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in cancer patients. Blood samples were collected aseptically and inoculated in BacT/ALERT (BioMerieux) blood culture bottles. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates including their methicillin resistance and β-lactamase and carbapenemase production were done by Vitek-2 (BioMerieux) method.

Results:

Of a total of 250 cancer patients, 60 (24%) were found to have BSI. The most common underlying malignancy associated with BSI was of gastrointestinal system (45%) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (21.7%). Most of the isolates belonged to Gram-negative bacteria (53.3%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most common organism isolated followed by Escherichia coli.

Conclusion:

The treatment of infections in patients with malignancy relies on the use of established guidelines along with the consideration of local epidemiological data. The poor activity of primary empirical agents and the emergence of multidrug-resistance is alarming.
Material Needs Insecurity and Dietary Salt – Role in Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Kaki Alfia Rachel , Muliyil Jayaprakash , Nellickal Arun J , Jeyaseelan Visakakshi , Turaka Vijay Prakash , Zachariah Anand , Hansdak Samuel George , Jagannati Manjeera , Sudarsanam Thambu David
Published: May 2024

We performed a case control study of 108 patients for the risk of uncontrolled hypertension Housing insecurity, a part of material needs insecurity is an independent predictor of uncontrolled hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 29.9, 1.2-734). Food insecurity, cost related medication underuse and housing instability were seen in 32.4%, 33.3%.and 39.8% of our study subjects respectively. On average patients had 6 stressful life events, which was not different among those with different levels of blood pressure control. We did not find correlation with 24-urine sodium excretion, a reflection of salt intake and hypertension control. The average hypertensive subject was taking more than 10 grams of sodium per day, far higher than recommended.
A Case Report of Anesthetic Management of a Large Tumor of the Nape of Neck in a Child
Authors: Joel Jerry Joseph , Shirley Anita , Daniel Priyanka , Rai Ekta
Published: May 2024

Large tumors of the head-and-neck region pose a challenge for the anesthetist, as often the anatomy gets disturbed in the area leading to difficulty in the airway management. Here, we report the case of a 2-year-old child with small round cell sarcoma of the neck with a 20 cm × 30 cm mass over the nape of the neck, extending from the occipital protuberance to C7 level and from the lateral margin of one sternocleidomastoid to the other, who was posted for subtotal excision of the swelling over the occipital and posterior cervical region under general anesthesia. The airway management was sought by introducing fiberoptic bronchoscope, and an endotracheal (ET) tube insertion was attempted which failed even after multiple attempts. Hence, a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted through which bronchoscope and ET tubes (ETTs) were inserted and airway was secured. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and 0.1 mg/kg of atracurium and adequate opioids were given for analgesia. Surgeons described the tumor tissue to have brain tissue like consistency which caused difficulty in catching the bleeding vessels, and hence, there was massive intraoperative blood loss. Eventually, the child recovered well in the postoperative period and was discharged after a few weeks. Through our experience, we would like to suggest that pediatric anesthesiologists plan for fiberoptic intubation through the LMA as the first intubation attempt in a child with a potentially difficult airway, using two ETT's secured through a cut ETT connector. We would also like to highlight the importance of preparedness to handle massive blood loss in a round cell sarcoma.
Serum Creatine Kinase and Other Profile of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Saha Santa , Joardar Anindita , Roy Sarnava , Mondal Tanushree , Gangopadhyay Gautam , Haldar Dibakar , Das Harendra Nath
Published: May 2024

Background:

Serum creatine kinase (CK) level is increased muscular dystrophy (MD) and may be used as a clue to identify MDs.

Objective:

The objective is to compare CK levels between Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), to correlate value of serum CK with number of deletions, duration of illness and to establish a cut off value of CK for screening.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a tertiary care institute of Kolkata. Clinically diagnosed patients of 139 DMDs and 50 BMDs along with 69 age-matched individuals suffering from diseases other than MDs was included. Estimation of serum CK levels and gene analysis were done for all.

Results:

DMD victims were found to be younger with low age of onset and lesser disease duration but higher serum CK level compared to those having BMD. Most of the genetic deletions were happened in distal region of dystrophin gene and a significant difference was revealed to exist between DMD and BMD neither in regard to proportion of overall deletion nor deletions in proximal and distal region. However, gene deletion was found absent in 31% and 42% of DMD and BMD cases. Serum CK level of 511.5 unit/L was seemed to be a reliable cut-off for detection of DMD and BMD with 97.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and area under the curve 0.989 with a P = 0.000.

Conclusion:

In case of nonavailability of genetic test facility as well as negative genetic test serum CK may be tried for identifying MD.
Changes in Decade-Old Reference Standards by the National Institute of Nutrition 2020
Authors: Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Boratne Abhijit Vinodrao , Bahurupi Yogesh Arvind
Published: May 2024

The National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, a prime research body under the apex body for biomedical research, Indian Council of Medical Research has been recognized globally for its eminent studies on diverse subjects of nutrition, with a special focus on protein–energy malnutrition. The first edition of “Dietary Guidelines for Indians-Manual” was published by NIN in 1998 and since then has undergone many changes till the year 2011. A decade later, the updated version of “Dietary Guidelines for Indians-Manual” has been introduced by NIN in 2020 that revised the decade-old standards on reference body weight, height, age, and recommended dietary allowances for an Indian adult which will be serving as a valuable source of information for all.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Presenting as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Dhamecha Nidhi , Nagadia Qury , Gupta Anurag , Patel Nehal , Thanvi Rashmi , Pandav Ghosha
Published: May 2024

This series describes six pediatric cases who presented as severe acute respiratory illness during the pandemic of COVID-19 with high D-dimer levels. All six patients tested negative for novel coronavirus. They were diagnosed as having tuberculosis (TB) on detailed investigations; high D-dimer levels are one of the most important indicators of the pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism is a rare presentation of TB, and this study emphasizes the need of keeping TB as an important differential diagnosis of those who present as acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with 2019 Novel CoronaVirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection
Authors: Gupta Raj Kumar , Dhanger Gayatri , Gupta Vishal , Gupta Manohar Lal , Goyal Alok
Published: May 2024

Background:

MIS-C is a serious condition that appears to be linked to novel coronavirus disease 2019, which is increasingly being reported worldwide. Here we report 10 children diagnosed with MIS-C.

Aims and Objective:

To describe the clinical and laboratory findings along with treatment and outcome of hospitalized children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with 2019 novel corona virus at SPMCHI, Jaipur. Methods: This was an observational study of 10 children who presented with MIS-C during 10-week duration from 1 October to 20 December 2020.

Results:

The median age of study was7 years. 8 patients had antibody test positive, 1 antigen by RTPCR was positive and 1 patient was negative. 4(40%) required intensive care unit admission and inotropic support. All patients received steroids, 4 (40%) IVIg, out of 10, 8(80%) survived and 2 (20%) expired.

Conclusion:

Children with MIS-C present with varied clinical presentation. There was a low RT-PCR positivity with high SARS-CoV-2 antibodies positivity. High index of suspicion is required for this clinical emerging complication of corona in children.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level Estimation among Patients with Parkinson's Disease in West Bengal, India, and its Relationship with Motor Impairment
Authors: Sinharoy Uma , Saha Shankar Prasad
Published: May 2024

Context:

Worldwide, the association of Vitamin D deficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, such studies are lacking from eastern India.

Aims:

This study compares the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in a cohort of patients with PD with the prevalence in age-matched healthy controls. It also aimed at determining a significant correlation of the severity of the various motor manifestations in PD with low serum vitamin levels.

Settings and Design:

It was a prospective observational case–control study to estimate the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) concentrations of the sample population.

Subjects and Methods:

One hundred consecutive PD patients were selected for this study between 2015 and 2018 from the patients attending neurology outpatient department. Control (n = 100) participants were randomly selected after matching for age sex, and geographic location.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15 with multivariate logistic regression (the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and P value) was applied.

Results:

Among 100 PD patients 48, patients (48%) had Vitamin D deficiency, 34 patients (34%) had Vitamin D insufficiency, and 18 patients (18%) had normal Vitamin D level; whereas age- and sex-matched control population shows Vitamin D deficiency in 46% people, normal vitamin level in 42%, and insufficient Vitamin D level in 12% control population. The mean (standard deviation) 25(OH) D concentration in the PD cohort was significantly lower than in the control cohorts (20.72 [8.21] ng/mL vs. 25.56 [11.99] ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.001). There was major association between 25(OH) D levels and severity of motor scores (P = 0.028), tremor (P = 0.0001), bradykinesia (P = 0.001), and severity of freezing (P = 0.002), whereas no significant association was found between Vitamin D levels and rigidity (P = 0.05) and postural instability (P = 0.395).

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis in PD versus healthy controls. The severity of motor scores, tremor, and bradykinesia and severity of freezing were found to have a direct inverse correlation with low serum Vitamin D levels which further emphasizes the provision of preventive and therapeutic supplementation of Vitamin D in PD.
Transition of Failed Cement-Retained Prosthesis to Screw-Retained Implant Prosthesis
Authors: Kurian Nirmal , Gandhi Sumir , Talwar Harit , Daniel Angleena Y. , Varghese Kevin George
Published: May 2024

Prosthesis failures in cement-retained implant restorations can be managed by transforming the restorations into screw-retained prosthesis to meet the current implant treatment philosophies for large full-arch reconstructions. The challenges involved in this case report multiplied due to unavailability of components for older systems of implants and had to be managed with a framework which permits engagement of implant and abutment level connection simultaneously. The case report highlights the transition of failed cement-retained prosthesis to screw-retained prosthesis for predictable future retrievability and enhanced clinical performance.
A Community-Based Survey on Evaluation of Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in the Rural Area of Pondicherry
Authors: Kanagarajan P. , Bharati D. R. , Sharadha M. P. , Lokeshmaran A , Boratne Abhijit Vinodrao
Published: May 2024

Background:

Domestic violence refers to type of family violence, which includes elder abuse, child abuse, wife abuse, and other forms of violence between family members. Not only is a women's physical and mental well-being perturbed by domestic violence but it also takes a toll on their child rearing attributes, thereby victimizing children as well. Various studies have shown the prevalence of domestic violence in different developed as well as developing countries. However, there are few studies available on the domestic violence among women in the rural areas of India. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence in the rural regions of Pondicherry.

Materials and Methods:

This community-based study was conducted on a total of 623 women in the age group of 15–49 years, which were recruited by following the inclusion/exclusion criteria given by demographic and health surveys. The selected population was further distributed based on the different demographic characteristics such as education, type of family, occupation, marital status, and type of marriage. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the observations.

Results:

A statistically significant association was noted between marital status and domestic violence with incidents of domestic violence being more in the married women (P = 0.01), especially those employed (P = 0.004). Women with alcoholic husbands and receiving dowry threats were more prone to domestic violence (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

This study indicates that, although an advanced educational status of women is a protective factors against domestic violence in both married and unmarried woman, employed woman are more often targets of violence exalting the need to upscale societal sensitization in tandem with educational programs for girl child.
Acute Toxic Effects of Polyurethane Microplastics on Adult Zebra Fish (Danio Rerio)
Authors: Hosseini Dinani Fatemeh Sadat , Baradaran Azar , Ebrahimpour Karim
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging environmental contaminant and there are increasing concerns about potentially toxic effects on living organisms. This study is aimed to determine uptake, tissue accumulation, and toxic effects of polyurethane microplastics (PUR-MPs) on zebra fish.

Materials and Methods:

The zebra fish were exposed to different concentrations of PURs-MPs of different sizes for 10 days. Mortality and behavioral changes were monitored. Ingestion and tissue accumulation of PUR-MPs were studied by fluorescent tagging of PUR-MPs. Pathological damages of tissues were investigated with hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results:

Microsize PUR-MPs can be ingested by zebra fish and fluorescent-tagged PUR-MPs were found in gills and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish after 10 days of exposure. A significant negative correlation was found between fluorescence intensity in fish tissues and size of PUR-MPs. Gills, GI tract, and liver were the most affected tissues by PUR-MP toxicity. GI damages included epithelial detachment, thinning of the bowel wall, congestive inflammation, epithelial damage, and lesions of villi in the gastric wall. Necrosis, adhesion, and partial fusion of secondary lamellae were the dominant pathological damages in the gills. Liver also was affected by cellular necrosis, infiltration, and lipid droplets.

Conclusion:

Exposure of zebra fish to PUR-MPs leads to ingestion of these particles by fish and significant increase in fish mortality and tissue damages. Particle size and MP concentration were the key determinant factors in PUR-MP toxicity. The results of the present study provide novel insights into environmental toxicity of PUR-MPs and toxic effect of PUR-MPs in aquatic organisms.
The Analysis of the Cognitive Function Parameters in Exposure to Noise Using Emotiv-EPOC Electroencephalography Headset
Authors: Mohebian Zohreh , Khorshidikia Samane , Forouharmajd Farhad , Pourabdian Siamak
Published: May 2024

Aim:

Exposure to noise in different work and nonwork places is considered to be a problem. Noises impertinent to professional duties are highly dangerous to the safety, efficiency, and personal health of an individual. This study aims to analyze the electroencephalography (EEG) signals to reveal the effect of produced noises in a laboratory environment on the cognitive function of the brain.

Materials and Methods:

In this case/control study, the sample volume was determined based on similar studies and previous researches of 20 individuals. Fifty percentage of the individuals were male and the other half were female. Initially, the EEG device was connected to the students’ heads. The duration of this test was 8 min; the student took it a number of times, while his cognitive performance was measured with the EEG device in the midst and at the end of the test. The fulfillment of cognitive duties (the daily quota of lessons) and the n-back test took place for the cohort in an environment in which a simulated noise was provided.

Results:

The age average in boys and girls were respectively 24 ± 4.2 and 23 ± 3.5. The results demonstrated that cognitive parameters of concentration, excitement, anxiety, calmness, commitment, and interest in exposure to low-frequency sound using an EEG Emotiv EPOC headset in different intervals. The parameters of commitment, concentration, and calmness decreased as the allotted time increased, and only the fall in commitment parameter was significant (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study demonstrate that the decrease in cognitive performance and brain signals in exposure to 85 dB noise was significant. This could have also been caused by psycho-acoustic factors such as sound level, tonality, duration of exposition, and the type of sound. In relation to exposure time, results have shown that in the presence of loud noise and in comparison, to quietude, the average response time to stimulants increase (slower response).

Brain waves, cognitive function, noise
Diet in Thyroid Disorders: A Survey among Clinicians and a Review of the Current Perspective
Authors: Singh Awadhesh Kumar , Chatterjee Subhankar , Singh Akriti , Bhattacharjee Rana
Published: May 2024

Physicians and endocrinologists commonly face various questions related to dietary interventions during clinical encounters with their patients with thyroid disorders. Indeed, both patients and treating physicians have various misconceptions regarding thyroid-specific diets, possibly because of misinformation circulated in lay media or grey literature and the misinterpretation of contradictory scientific data, respectively. In this review, we attempted to answer some frequently asked questions by the patients in the backdrop of contraindicatory perceptions of physicians observed in our survey. Additionally, we tried to put a perspective on dietary factors related to thyroid disorders through the available scientific evidence to help make an informed decision-making.
Tumor-induced osteomalacia due to a phosphaturic mesenchymal maxillary tumor
Authors: Batra Chandar Mohan , Singh Vikram P , Upadhyaya Sundeep Kumar , Kashyap Vikas , Jain Savita , Kumar Kiran P , Goyal Monika , Kachroo Varsha
Published: May 2024

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome with hypophosphatemia due to renal phosphate wasting. The clinical presentation is bony pains and muscle wasting. A 23-year-old male presented to us in a wheelchair with joint pain and muscle weakness for 5 years. There was no history of a similar disease in the family. Treatment with non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, steroids, and infliximab was unsuccessful. Positive examination findings revealed tenderness and swelling in both ankle and knee joints, tenderness in hip joints, proximal myopathy, and power grade 4/5 in the proximal leg muscles. On evaluation, he was found to have severe hypophosphatemia [serum phosphate 1.2 mg/dl], decreased renal phosphate absorption [tubular maximum for phosphate reabsorption adjusted for glomerular filtration rate (TMP/GFR) of 1.04], increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and decreased 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET-CT) revealed a left maxillary tumor. Histopathology revealed a mesenchymal tumor. Tumor excision resulted in cure of the patient’s symptoms and the normalization of serum phosphate levels and TMP/GFR.
Hypothalamic hamartoma in an infant presenting as precocious puberty
Authors: Khan Kaynat , Alam Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid
Published: May 2024

Precocious puberty refers to the emergence of secondary sexual traits before the typical age for children of the same gender and race. It is classified into gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) and gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (GIPP) based on the underlying pathologic process. GDPP is caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, while GIPP results from excessive sex hormone synthesis from the gonads or adrenal glands. This report presents a case of GDPP in a female toddler. The patient exhibited symptoms of precocious puberty as early as 3 months of age and was subsequently diagnosed with hypothalamic hamartoma. This case report represents one of the earliest documented instances of menarche in the medical literature, occurring at an exceptionally young age due to a central etiology.
Acute kidney injury due to rhabdomyolysis in a patient with primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Ahmad Sk Ansar , Mahata Rahin , Mahapatra Umakanta , Maitra Swarnojit , Malakar Shobhan Lal , Rai Lalit Kumar
Published: May 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI), secondary to rhabdomyolysis (RM) following strenuous work with primary hypothyroidism, is rare. Here, is a case report of a 32-year-old female who developed AKI following strenuous work in a paddy field in the background of overt primary hypothyroidism. High serum creatine phosphokinase levels and high concentration of myoglobin in urine were noted, which was suggestive of myoglobinuria due to severe RM and elevated creatine level in serum, which indicated AKI. The patient’s condition improved significantly after initiation of levothyroxine replacement therapy and hemodialysis. AKI secondary to RM with primary hypothyroidism and strenuous work as a precipitating factor is quite rare. We expect this case report to add to the existing literature on this subject.
Heterosexual precocious puberty due to virilizing adrenocortical adenoma
Authors: Alam Ahmad , Ashraf Hamid , Siddiqui Yousuf Mohsin Bari , Ara Rafyat , Qadri Shagufta
Published: May 2024

This case details a 5-year-old girl with a 3-month history of heterosexual precocious puberty, presenting with clitoral enlargement and pubic hair development. In our patient, the clinical and hormonal characteristics were suggestive of adrenocortical carcinoma. However, radiological and histopathological findings indicated adrenocortical adenoma. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities that exist in pediatric adrenocortical tumors.
Microbiological comparison of efficacy of two chewing gum on salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans count in caries active children – An in vivo study
Authors: Ramachandra Jaya Agali , Gopinath Gayathri
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess, evaluate, and compare the efficacy of xylitol chewing gums and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) chewable tablet on Streptococcus mutans by microbiological culture method in caries-active children.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 children were selected from two residential schools, situated in kumbalgodu, Bengaluru, aged between 5 and 8 years with DMFT/dmft index of 3–6. The children were randomly divided into two groups by lottery method, each consisting of 15 children per group. IgY chewable tablet – Group I (test group) and xylitol chewing gum – Group II (control group). The children were given IgY no decay chewable tablet and xylitol chewing gum, respectively, and were instructed to chew one pellet each two times a day after a meal for 30 days. Preintervention salivary samples were collected at baseline, 30 days after chewing gum use as postintervention sample, for microbiological analysis.

Results:

IgY no decay chewable tablet two times a day for 30 days can successfully reduce salivary S. mutans counts than the xylitol chewing gum group.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that IgY in the form of chewable tablet has shown a maximum beneficial effect against salivary S. mutans for children who are at high risk of caries than xylitol chewing gum.
Management of complex odontome in the mandibular premolar region
Authors: Chatterjee Avik Narayan , Gayen Khooshbu , Biswas Raju , Sikdar Rajib , Pal Soumen , Sarkar Subir
Published: May 2024

Odontomes are the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaws and generally asymptomatic. Odontomes are basically classified into two types, complex odontomes, and compound odontomes. Various theories or etiological factors are been quoted for the occurrence of odontomes. The sole management depends on the early diagnosis, histopathological examination, and excision of these tissues. This article aims to present a case report on complex odontome in the mandibular premolar region in a 13-year-old male child.
Prevalence of oral lesions among coronavirus disease 2019 cohorts
Authors: Ajagannanavar Sunil Lingaraj , Srinivas D R , Pushpa R
Published: May 2024

Background:

In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), considered as Pandemic has gained Public importance caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020. Few cases have reported the presence of oral lesions among Covid Cohorts for which we considered it has a less explored area.

Aim and Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalance of oral lesions among Covid19 Inpatients in District Hospital, Shivamogga.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey will be conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among Covid19 Inpatients in District Hospital, Shivamogga, India. The Performa included information on socio-demographic details, habits (tobacco and alcohol), oral hygiene practices and presence and location of oral mucosal lesions according to World Health Organisation, 2013. Considering the prevalence of Oral lesions among Pilot Survey Sampling size will be determined. Informed consent would be obtained from patients and ethical approval from Institutional ethical board. Descriptive statistical analysis would be carried out and Chi-square test will be used for comparisons. Confidence level will be set at 95% and p value 5%, respectively.

Results:

A total of 248 In-patients with Covid -19 were included in the study. Almost half of the patients 127(51.2%) complained Aphthous-like oral ulcer, followed by Xerostomia 52(20.96%), herpes-like lesions 47(19%), candidiasis 44(18%), glossitis/depapillation 10(4%), geographic tongue 6 (2.41%), angular cheilitis 3 (1.2%), parotitis 2 (0.8%) Ulceration with ischemic necrosis of palate 11 (4.43%). Oral lesions were scattered throughout mouth in which majority was found in the tongue (35.4%) followed by sulcus (15%), Lips(11.6%), and commissures(10.8%).

Conclusion:

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 is the major public health burden in the world, along with systemic manifestations it is definitely found to have a significant effect on the oral health varying from small Aphthous like ulcers to necrosis of palate. Several attempts are done to integrate medical and dental services in different healthcare and public health settings to support populations with unmet oral health during this pandemic situation.
Evaluation of efficacy of lag screw fixation in the management of mandibular parasymphysis fracture
Authors: Shakilur Rahman AFM , Haider Ismat A
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Mandibular fractures are treated surgically by either rigid or semi-rigid fixation. The focus of this study was to determine the efficacy of lag screws in treating mandibular parasymphysis fractures.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a quasi-experimental study in which ten patients with mandibular sagittal parasymphysis fractures were enrolled. In these patients, two 2.0 mm stainless steel lag screws were installed for open reduction and internal fixation. Throughout the study, patients were examined for occlusion, fracture stability, screw location in relation to vital anatomical structures, reduction precision, maximum mouth opening (MMO), biting efficiency, and several other complications on the 1st day, 1st, 2nd, and 6th weeks postoperatively.

Results:

All parasymphysis fractures had a good bony union after surgery. One patient had mild occlusal discrepancies postoperatively, and statistical significance was found between preoperative and postoperative occlusion (P < 0.0004). Only one patient had abnormal mobility between the fracture lines postoperatively, with a highly meaningful statistical observation (P < 0.001). The comparative statistical analysis of MMO at different follow-up periods showed highly significant (P < 0.00001) results. Substantial improvement in biting effectiveness yielded a high statistical significance (P < 0.00001). There was no evidence of postoperative complications such as wound infection, wound dehiscence, intraoral screw exposure, or mental nerve injury in any of these patients.

Conclusions:

Lag screw fixation is a realistic and reliable method of internally fixing mandibular parasymphysis fractures. This technique allows the skilled surgeon to achieve optimum stability and functional healing by using the least amount of material.
Solitary impacted supernumerary tooth nudging the nasal cavity
Authors: Suri Charu , Ahmed Syed Afroz , Samee Sarah , Bramhe Satish
Published: May 2024

Mesiodens is the most frequent type of supernumerary tooth, found in the central position of the upper or lower jaw. It presents in between the central incisors either erupted or impacted. Supernumerary teeth are developmental variations characterized by extra teeth besides the normal dentition. This condition is referred to as hyperdontia. The diagnosis of mesiodens is usually an accidental finding through a radiograph, which was intended for investigation of the neighboring teeth. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary for prevention of deleterious effects on the surrounding dentoalveolar structures. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of an undiagnosed inverted mesiodens along with a palatally impacted maxillary canine in a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Clinicopathological differences between lip cancers and tongue cancers
Authors: Rodriguez-Archilla Alberto , Almagro-Garcia Alicia
Published: May 2024

Lip cancer is closely linked to chronic exposure to solar radiation, while tongue cancer, the most common intraoral neoplasm, is mainly related to tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Lip cancer has a much better prognosis than tongue cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the differentiating features between squamous cell carcinomas located on both the lip and the tongue. A search for studies on lip cancer and tongue cancer was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE and Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. The estimated prevalence of lip and tongue cancers was calculated according to the random model of DerSimonian and Laird. For categorical outcomes, Pearson's Chi-square test was used with Fisher's exact test when required. Thirty-two studies were included in this review. Considering the whole oral tumor locations, the estimated prevalence of lip cancer was 23.43% and in tongue cancer, 27.58%. A greater number of lip cancers were found in males, were classified as T1, were well-differentiated tumors, and had a higher 5-year survival rate. In contrast, a greater number of tongue cancers were observed in younger patients, tobacco and/or alcohol users, presented lymph node metastases, and more advanced tumor stages. Although both tumors are located in the mouth, lip cancers and tongue cancers have different clinicopathological features and biological behaviors.
Evaluation of attitude and preparedness of dental students to treat patients suffering from infectious diseases
Authors: Mahajan Santosh , Rehman S , Mahajan R
Published: May 2024

Background:

Patients carrying serious infections always carry a high risk of transmission during dental treatment. Dentists by their positive attitude and level of preparedness can prevent the transmission of these infections in a dental setting.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was a cross-sectional study planned to evaluate the attitude and preparedness of undergraduate and postgraduate students of Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Ludhiana, India, toward patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus during their dental treatment. The study material was a questionnaire consisting of questions from various validated questions from the literature. The data obtained from 464 students (94 males and 360 females) were tabulated and analyzed using “t”-test and “Chi-square” test.

Results:

Students showed passive attitude (attitude score < 75%) and poor preparedness with no difference with respect to dentistry year. Females revealed more preparedness, and it was significantly associated with their attitude (t-test, P = 0.007).

Discussion:

Unwillingness of the students to treat infected patients is attributable to their fear of being infected during treatment, lack of supporting staff, and unawareness of the importance of biomedical waste disposal and use of disposable instruments.

Conclusions:

The study clearly highlighted the need of teaching students about the transmission of these diseases and implementation of universal precautions at regular intervals to increase their moral and practical ability to handle such patients.
A rare case of dentigerous cyst of the maxillary incisor abutting the nasal floor
Authors: Pandey Akhilesh Kumar , Rodriguez Edlyn , Dhupar Vikas
Published: May 2024

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaw most commonly associated with impacted third molars. The incidence of the cyst is rare in the maxillary anterior tooth region. Here, we present a case of dentigerous cyst in relation to permanent maxillary central incisor abutting the nasal floor and its management.
The Effectiveness of Rajyoga Meditation as an Adjuvant for Panic Anxiety Syndrome
Authors: Jha Kamlesh , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Yogesh , Ganashree C. P. , Tripathi Chandrabhushan , Shrikant B. K.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

One of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions that affect a person's quality of life, ability to function and productivity, and consequently the loss of national income, are anxiety disorders. Rajyoga meditation (RM) is a form of meditation that is performed without rituals or mantras and can be practiced anywhere at any time. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the modulation of psycho-physiological parameters in panic disorder patients by a technique of short-term on RM.

Methods:

In this prospective randomized control study, 110 patients with panic disorder were randomized into two groups, Group A (standard treatment + RM) and Group B (Standard treatment). The participants of both group participants were subjected to sleep quality score, Physical Health Questionnaire-9 score, Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) questionnaires before starting the study (baseline) and at the end of the 8th week. Study groups were compared at baseline and at the end of 8 weeks.

Results:

We found that the PDSS/HAM-A was not statistically different among the study groups at baseline (P > 0.05); however, there was a statistically significant difference in mean z-scores of PDSS and post-HAM-A scores among the study groups at 8 weeks (P < 0.001). The composite score was created by adding the z-scores of pre- and post-PDSS and HAM-A. We found a statistically significant difference in postcomposite scores between the study groups (P < 0.001). Analysis of co-variance for PDSS and HAM-A among study groups showed statistical significance (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

When used in conjunction with pharmaceutical treatments for the treatment of panic disorder, RM is a successful therapy. The key factors are adherence and motivation while being supervised by a licensed therapist.
Clinicopathological spectrum of central nervous system germ cell tumors: A single-institution retrospective study
Authors: Appasani Sreelekha , Radhakrishnan Neelima , Mathews Anitha
Published: May 2024

Context:

Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNSGCTs) though rare is the second most common extragonadal site for GCTs.

Aims:

To determine the clinicopathological features of CNSGCTs diagnosed at our center.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed CNSGCTs, during 2006-2019.

Materials and Methods:

The patients’ data were retrieved from the hospital information systems and analyzed.

Statistical Analysis:

Data on categorical variables were analyzed as percentages, and data on continuous variables calculated as mean. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to study association between variables.

Results:

Of the total 34 cases with CNSGCT, age ranged from 1 to 27 years, majority in the second decade (19/34; 56%). Male: female (M: F) ratio was 1.6:1. Single site involvement was seen in 27 cases (27/34; 79%), whereas seven (7/34; 21%) showed bi/multifocal involvement. Among the unifocal cases, common sites involved were suprasellar (12/27; 44.4%), closely followed by the pineal (10/27; 37%). All multifocal tumors affected suprasellar compartment, being bifocal with pineal in four cases. A male gender predilection was noted among pineal region (9/10;90%) and multifocal tumors (5/7;71%). Germinoma was the commonest subtype (21/34; 61.8%) with male gender predilection (17/21; 81%) (M: F =4.3:1), with female predilection seen among mixed GCTs (MGCTs) (8/10; 80%) (M: F =1:4) and suprasellar location (M: F =1:2). Serum tumor markers (25 cases) and CSF markers (7 cases) were concordant with histology in all, except two cases.

Conclusion:

Though histology and immunohistochemistry were diagnostic, correlation between serum and/or CSF marker was essential to rule out GCT component(s) that may be missed on biopsy due to sampling error.