bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belde AKA KİYAĞA, Âgehî - Menâkıb-ı İmâm Gazzâlî (İnceleme-Metin-Tıpkıbasım). H. D. Batislam (Ed.), İstanbul, 2023, 157 sayfa. ISBN: 978-625-6432-00-0
Authors: Ulu Ümmüsü Selen
Published: December 2024

Klasik Türk edebiyatının dinî-tasavvufî türlerinden olan menâkıb-nâmeler, bir velinin hayatı etrafında oluşturulmuş menkıbe ve kerametleri içerirler. Bu tür eserlerden bazıları, içerisinde anlatılan velinin kronolojik biyografisini vermesiyle tarihî gerçeklik taşırken bazıları ise gerçek ve hayal ürünü menkıbelerin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşturulmuş eserlerdir. Tarihî bir vesika niteliğinde olup anlatılan velinin yaşadığı döneme ait bilgiler yansıtan menâkıb-nâmelerin ilk örneği Selçuklu devrinde yazılmıştır. Klasik Türk edebiyatının son dönemine kadar örneklerini vermeye devam etmiş olan bu türde kaleme alınmış çoğu menâkıb-nâmenin neşri araştırmacılar tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Günümüz kaynaklarında 16. yüzyılın önemli isimlerinden olan Âgehî'nin Menâkıb-ı İmâm Gazzâlî adlı eserinden bahsedilmesine rağmen henüz metni hazırlanmış değildi. Söz konusu eser, Belde Aka Kiyağa tarafından neşredilmiş; inceleme, metin ve tıpkıbasımı yapılarak yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada da Belde Aka Kiyağa tarafından Âgehî'nin Menâkıb-ı İmâm Gazzâlî adlı eseri üzerine hazırlamış olduğu çalışması incelenip tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır.
YUKARI FIRAT HAVZASI FOLKLORUNDA DOĞAL AFETLERİN İZLERİ
Authors: Kaval Yılmaz
Published: December 2024

Doğal afetler, insanoğlunu en çok etkileyen hadiseler arasında yer almaktadır. Günümüzde bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte doğal afetlerin izlenmesi, afetlerin sebepleri ve sonuçları hakkında gerçekçi bilgilere ulaşılmaktadır. Ancak bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmediği, insanların dünya hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmadığı dönemlerde doğal afetlerin sebepleri daha çok tanrısal bir ceza olarak algılanmış ve bu bağlamda inanışlar ve söylenceler geliştirilmiştir. Bu inanışlar, pratikler ve söylenceler eski dönem insanlarının doğal afetleri nasıl algıladıklarını, doğal afetler ile nasıl başa çıktıklarını bize açıklamaktadır. Ülkemizin Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Yukarı Fırat Havzası da bu anlamda doğal afetler ile ilgili dikkate değer inanışların, pratik ve uygulamaların yanında söylencelerin olduğu bir bölgedir. Yüzyıllar boyunca doğal afetlere maruz kalan bölge insanı, doğal afetler etrafında zengin bir folklor meydana getirmiştir. Bu folklor içinde inanışlar, pratik ve uygulamalar ile birlikte ağıt, efsane, destan gibi sözlü folklor ürünleri de yer almaktadır. Yukarı Fırat Havzası’nda oluşturulan bu doğal afet folkloru aracılığıyla bölge insanının yaşadığı sıkıntılar, acılar ve doğal afetlere yönelik bakış açısı nesilden nesile aktarılmıştır. Bu makalede Yukarı Fırat Havzası olarak bilinen bölgede yer alan Elâzığ, Erzincan, Malatya, Bingöl ve Tunceli illerinde en çok meydana gelen doğal afet türleri ve bu doğal afet türleri etrafında meydana getirilen folklor ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma ile bölge insanının doğal afetlere yüklediği manalara ve yüzyıllar boyunca afetlerle başa çıkma yöntemlerinin kültürel boyutuna ulaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.
TÜRÜNÜN FARKLI BİR ÖRNEĞİ: KÂMÎ’NİN İSTANBUL MAHALLELERİNE DAİR ŞİİRİ VE BU ŞİİRE YAZILAN ZEYİLLER
Authors: Kaplan Hasan
Published: December 2024

Osmanlı şiirinde şairlerin kullandıkları yer adları bazen standart ve umumî bir mahiyet arz ederken bazen tarihî, sosyal ve mahallîdir. Hemen her klasik şairin şiirinde Hoten, Çin, Bedahşan, Mısır, Hindistan ve Kaf Dağı gibi müşterek, hayali ve(ya) efsanevi coğrafyanın dekoratif bir öge olarak kullanıldığı görülür. Şairlerin doğup büyüdükleri, yaşadıkları, görev yaptıkları, çeşitli sebeplerle bir süre bulundukları coğrafya ise mahallîdir. Bu mahallî coğrafyanın merkezini çoğunlukla İstanbul oluşturur. İstanbul, şehir methiyesi, şehrengiz, sâhil-nâme, mesâir-nâme, miyâhiyye, dergâh-nâme veya hânkâh-nâme, sûkiyye veya mahalle-nâme başlıklı birçok şiirle “yer adına dayalı edebiyat”ın en zengin ve seçkin örneklerini sunar. Bu şiirlerden birini de Edirneli Kâmî (öl. 1724) söylemiştir. Yayımlanmış Divan’da “Sûkiyye-i Nâ-tamâm” başlığıyla bulunan şiir, divan nüshalarının yanı sıra İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi Türkçe Yazmalar 3004 numaralı şiir mecmuası ile şahsi kütüphanemizdeki bir şiir mecmuasında da yer almaktadır. Sözkonusu şiirin, ilgili mecmualarda mahalle-nâme yahut bilâdiye; bazı çalışmalarda semtiyye ve lügaz olarak da isimlendirildiği dikkati çeker. İstanbul mahallelerinden söz edilen bu şiire Lebîb ve Âsım mahlaslı iki şair zeyil yazmıştır. Bu çalışma, mevcut nüshalarda üç farklı türle başlıklandırılan şiirin türünü ve bu şiire yazılan zeyilleri tespit etmeyi amaçlar. Çalışmada Kâmî’nin şiiri ve ona yazılan zeyiller; dış yapı, muhteva, tür, dil ve anlatım bakımından değerlendirilmiş; şiirlerin hem çeviri yazılı hem de orijinal metni araştırmacıların dikkatine sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda yer adlarının tetkikiyle Kâmî’nin İstanbul mahallelerini muhtevî şiiri ve ona yazılan zeyillerin “mahalle-nâme” türünde yazıldığı; dil ve anlatım açısından “bilâdiye” geleneğinin bir devamı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
AYRINTININ MİKRO-OKUMASI
Authors: Aktulum Kubilay
Published: December 2024

İlk anda dizgeleştirmeye elverişli olmayan bir kavramı (ayrıntıyı) tamlığı içerisinde tanımlamak pek olası görünmüyor. Anlatıbilimin bilinen kuramcılarından Michel Charles, ayrıntıyı bir okuma etkisine indirgeyerek, bir bakıma tanımının alıcıya bağlı, tanımlanamaz olduğunu ileri sürer. Ancak yine de ayrıntı ilk anda tanımlanamaz olsa da yer aldığı bütün içerisinde bir işlev yerine getirir. Tek başına tanımlanamaz ancak bütünle ilişkisi içerisinde işlev üstlenen bir gösterge olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bu nedenle tanımlanamaz olduğu ileri sürülen, ancak Georges Vedel’in söylediği gibi, “burada bulunan” bir kavram konusunda yapılan tanımlamaların ve ona yüklenen işlevlerin neler olduğu konusundaki üst-söylemlerle ilgili (kim ne söylemiş?) bir dizi belirleme yapılabilmektedir. Bu yazıda bir işlevi ve anlamı olan, dizgeye şu ya da bu biçimde dahil olan ve bir gösterge olarak ayrıntının mikro-okumasına yönelik kimi belirlemeler yapacağız. Örnek olarak, Laure Depretto'nun, Madame de Sévigné’nin “La Lettre à l’Ermite ou le détail scandaleux yazısında "doğum" ayrıntısı konusundaki çözümlemesinin kısa bir özetini aktaracağız.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PERSON & NUMBER MORPHEMES IN TURKISH
Authors: Çakır Sinan
Published: December 2024

The person and number morphemes in personal pronouns and nominal / verbal agreement affixes in Turkish are claimed to form portmanteau morphs in the current literature. That is to say, in several analyses, these morphemes are not represented by different affixes or zero morphs; rather, single morphs stand for both of them. For instance, the personal pronoun o(n) is referred to be “the third person singular pronoun”. Similarly, the bound morpheme /-(I)m/ is referred to be “the first person singular suffix” (Lewis 1967; Underhill 1976; Korkmaz 1992; van Schaaik 1996; Kornfilt 1997; Göksel & Kerslake 2011; Çiçekler 2016; Çakır 2022, e.g.). This analysis, however, leads to double number marking in some cases, which is rather problematic. For instance, when the plural suffix /-lAr/ is added to the third person singular pronoun o(n), these two morphs indicate both singularity and plurality. For this reason, the present study asserts that person and number morphemes do not always form portmanteau morphs in Turkish. Rather, in some cases, the person morphemes are phonologically realized while the number morphemes are added on them in the form of zero morphs. As a matter of fact, Turkish makes use of three different strategies while marking person and number: (1) forming a portmanteau morph, (2) using a zero morph and (3) suffixation. The study demonstrates how and when these strategies are applied in Turkish. The analysis presented here solves the problem of double number marking in personal pronouns and nominal / verbal agreement markers.
Ergänzungen zum Schriftenverzeichnis Albert von Le Coq
Authors: Knüppel Michael
Published: December 2024

Aşağıdaki makale, Türkolog, arkeolog ve etnolog Albert August von Le Coq'un (1860-1930) "Albert von Le Coq (1860-1930). Der Erwecker Manis. Im Spie-gel sei¬ner Briefe an Willi Bang Kaup aus den Jahren 1909-1914" (2014) adlı eser¬de yayınlanan yazılarının listesine yapılan eklemeleri içermektedir.
ESKİ TÜRKÇE İYELİK EKLERİNİN KAZAKÇA VE TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ DURUMU
Authors: Andirova Alina
Published: December 2024

Bu makalede, Kazakça ve Türkiye Türkçesindeki iyelik eklerinin kökeni konusu ele alınmıştır. Türk dilleri, aidiyet de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli dilbilgisel anlamları ifade etmek için kullanılan zengin ek sistemleriyle bilinir. Türk dillerinde iyelik eki, sahiplik öznesinin şahıs ve sayısını ifade eder. Sahiplik ve aidiyet anlamlarının dışında Türk dillerine özgü iyelik ekleri, isimlerin birleştirici anlamsal gruplarına bağlı olarak, bir dizi başka ilişkiyi de ifade edebilir. Makalenin amacı, Kazakça ve Türkiye Türkçesi iyelik eklerinin kökenini, evrimini ve şimdiki hâlini analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın amacına ulaşmak için, artzamanlı yaklaşımla karşılaştırmalı-tarihsel, karşılaştırmalı ve bağlam-tipolojik yöntemlerin yanı sıra yorumlama ve genelleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
HAREZM TÜRKÇESİNDE GEÇEN ALET-EŞYA ADLARI
Authors: Koca Duygu
Published: December 2024

Türk dili, tarihi süreçleri içerisinde değerlendirildiğinde çok geniş bir coğrafyaya
yayılmış, bu coğrafyalarda konuşma ve yazı dili olarak kullanılmıştır. Harezm Türkçesi
de bu süreçler içerisinde gerek dil yapısıyla gerek Karahanlı Türkçesi ile Çağatay
Türkçesi arasında bir geçiş dönemi olması bakımından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Harezm
bölgesind e Arapça ve Farsça büyük öneme sahipti. Ayrıca bölgede zaman içerisinde artan
Türk nüfusuna paralel olarak Türkçe de kullanım sahasını genişletmişti. Ancak bölgede
kullanılan Türkçe farklı Türk boylarının etkisini hissettirmekteydi. Farklı boyların ağız
öz elliklerinin yansıdığı bu bölge dil tarihimiz açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir.
Harezm Türkçesinin kullanıldığı coğrafya zamanla ilim, kültür ve edebiyat merkezi
haline gelmiş ve bu dönemde Türkçenin pek çok önemli eseri ka leme alınmıştır.
Mukaddimet’ül Edeb, Kıssasü’l Enbiyâ, M u è înü’l Mürîd ve Nehcü’l Ferâdîs bu dönem
eserlerinin önde gelenlerinden olup dönemin dil ve kültürünü, dini toplumsal yaşamını
büyük ölçüde bizlere aktarmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, bu eserlerde geçen günlük hayatta
kullanılan alet eş ya adları etimolojik olarak incelenip, bu adların tarihsel süreç içindeki
durumları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
IMPLEMENTASI KEADILAN MENURUT PANDANGAN SUAMI ISTRI DALAM PERKAWINAN POLIGAMI DI KECAMATAN PRAYA TENGAH KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Asdin Apriana , Asdin Idatul Junia
Published: December 2024

Keadilan merupakan pra-syarat sesorang dapat melakukan poligami. Bagi para pihak istri (perempuan), poligami yang dilakukan oleh suami adalah sebuah keterpaksaan. Dalam banyaknya kasus poligami, pihak istrilah yang kerap menjadi objek kekerasan, baik kekerasan fisik maupun mental. Di sinilah urgensi keadilan bagi orang yang hendak berbuat poligami. Semua sumber hukum yang berasal dari Al-Qur’an, Hadist, maupun Undang-Undang memberikan jaminan keadilan bagi istri dengan mengatur ketat atau memasukkan pra-syarat keadilan bagi suami yang hendak berpoligami. Seorang suami jika tidak mampu untuk berlaku adil, baik diantara para istri, anak dan dalam lingkup keluarga, maka lebih baik tidak melakukan poligami. Adapun kajian ini dilatarbelakangi akan pandangan suami, istri tentang implementasi keadilan dalam perkawinan poligami di Lombok Kec. Praya Tengah. Penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian jenis lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan sosiologis, dan sistematika laporan dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Terkait dengan  teori yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Maslahah, KDRT, Gender, kesadaran dan kepatuhan hukum. Untuk mengimplementasikan keadilan tentu dari masing-masing suami dan istri dalam menyikapinya berbeda. Penelitian ini beragumen bahwa keadilan dalam implementasinya terhadap perkawinan poligami tidak bermuara pada kesepakatan. Posisi sebagai istri dan suami melahirkan konsekuensi yang berbeda dalam melihat keadilan. Temuan menariknya bahwa suami istri menyatakan dalam mengimplimentasikan keadilan terjadinya  kesamaan pandangan, tetapi dari pihak keluarga yang lain baik dari anak dan tetangga terjadi perbedaan pandangan. Banyak dari mereka para suami tidak bisa menjalankan keadilan  sebagaimana mestinya. Dalam mengeim plimentasikan keadilan menurut para suami dalam perkawinan poligami di Lombok Kecamatan Praya Tengah berbeda-beda. Ada yang sesuai kebutuhan masing-masing istri, tergantung jumlah anak dan bahkan ada juga segala kebutuhan rumah tangga, suami yang mengurus masalah keuangannya, istri tinggal mengolahnya saja.
PERAN NAHDLATUL ULAMA DALAM POLITIK ISLAM(STUDI TOKOH DAN PEMIKIRAN K.H. DR. IDHAM CHALID)
Authors: Rahman Nasrur , Hasan Ahmadi , Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
Published: December 2024

: Kajian ini difokuskan untuk mengetahui pemikiran-pemikiran K.H. Dr. Idham Chalid tentang pemerintahan Islam dan sistem pemerintahan Islam yang ideal menurut beliau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (library research). Berdasarkan data-data yang terkumpul dalam bentuk deskripsi (tulisan), maka penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu dengan pendekatan studi tokoh. Penelitan ini telah menemukan beberapa pemikiran Idham Chalid tentang politik Islam, beliau cenderung mengikuti kelompok yang berpandangan bahwa agama dan negara berhubungan secara mutualistik, yaitu berhubungan timbal balik dan saling membutuhkan-menguntungkan. Beliau menyatakan bahwa tidak boleh memberontak kepada pemerintahan yang sah, NU dan ummat diharapkan untuk bersifat tawasuth dan I’tidal, tasamuh, tawazun, dan Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar. Beliau mengakui Pancasila sebagai dasar Negara dan tidak perlu menggantinya dengan ideologi Islam. Demokrasi Islam adalah tepat digunakan dalam pemerintahan Indonesia. Penetapan Presiden sebagai ulil amr harus dipandang wajar, karena kalau tidak maka kewenangannya sebagai wali hakim bagi perempuan yang tidak mempunyai muhrim bisa menjadi masalah. Idham Calid memposisikan NU menjadi penengah antara umat Islam dan Negara Indonesia. NU mengakui dan mendukung Negara yang Demokratis, menerapkan prinsip Musyawarah, bersumber pada ajaran Aswaja, berkarakter al-Tawassuth wa al-I’tidal serta tidak mempertentangkan antara agama dan negara, akan tetapi saling berhubungan dan membutuhkan.
PENYELESAIAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENYANDANG DISABILITAS ANAK DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hanggara Reno , Rohayu2 Rina , Ufran Ufran
Published: December 2024

This research aims to: 1) understand the judicial process for juvenile offenders with disabilities; and 2) examine and analyze the concept of resolving criminal cases committed by juvenile offenders with disabilities in the future. This study is categorized as normative research using a statutory and conceptual approach. The type of data used is secondary data, consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection techniques used include literature study and gathering data through electronic media related to the issues being studied. The data analysis technique applied is deductive reasoning, which involves drawing conclusions from general to specific, formulating facts, identifying causes and effects, and reasoning based on case studies.
 
This study concludes that Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (JCJS) serves as a crucial legal foundation for protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law. The JCJS Law provides room for diversion for juvenile offenders with exceptions, namely if the offender is not a repeat offender and the offense is punishable by less than seven years of imprisonment. From a material perspective, the provisions in the JCJS Law do not rigidly explain the rights of children with disabilities when facing the law. The regulations in the JCJS Law still predominantly focus on children with normal physical conditions. From a formal perspective, there is a legal vacuum specifically regulating the rights of children with disabilities in conflict with the law, akin to the regulations for children in conflict with the law under the JCJS Law and for women in conflict with the law under Supreme Court Regulation No. 13 of 2017 on Guidelines for Adjudicating Women in Conflict with the Law. Thus, the judicial process for juvenile offenders with disabilities still applies the normal judicial system as used for other children without disabilities. In the future, if diversion is pursued for resolving criminal cases involving juvenile offenders with disabilities, another alternative for handling such cases is that judges may apply judicial pardon when making decisions. Judicial pardon is regulated under the new Criminal Code in Article 54(2), which provides a normative basis for judges in their decision-making.
FARM ECONOMY IN SERBIA – DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS OF SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS
Authors: Tošović-Stevanović Aleksandra , Ristanović Vladimir M
Published: December 2024

Sustainable agricultural products are sophisticated because they are directly related to the health of end users and have a specific quality and yield. The market for these products is specific and determined by various factors. This paper analyses the placement of sustainable agricultural products on small farms in the Serbian economy through multiple sales channels. We organized a one-on-one meeting with 150 small and medium-sized farm owners and collected data through a questionnaire. We then created a model through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP method) to evaluate the decision-making of small farmers about placing products on the market. The results showed that the quality of the products is crucial for small farmers, who need to distribute them through local shops, retail chains, and markets. In this way, we have opened space for future analyses that can include regression models and assess relationships between individual categories.
THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE PROMOTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Stojanović Miloš , Gligorijević Jasmina , Grubor Marina , Popović Milica , Ćorić Biljana , Zarev Darko , Šmelcerović Miodrag
Published: December 2024

Organic agricultural production as a holistic approach that aims to promote food production without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms and the system of food production and use takes place in accordance with the principles of preserving biodiversity, soil and ecosystems. However, this system of agricultural production incurs significantly higher costs, and the price of organic agricultural products comes also at a high cost. In addition to the price, one of the most important aspects of acceptance of organic agricultural products by consumers is environmental awareness. The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential for the improvement of digital marketing channels for the promotion of organic agricultural products. The factor analysis applied in this paper has shown that advertising through digital marketing channels has the potential to boost sales, according to producers of organic agricultural products in the Republic of Serbia.
VISIBLE INTANGIBLE ASSET EFFICIENCY AND TANGIBLE ASSETS EFFICIENCY: WHO CONTRIBUTES MORE TO THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL FIRMS?
Authors: Ognjanović Jasmina , Pantić Nemanja , Podovac Milena
Published: December 2024

The realization of business activities is carried out by agricultural firms using available assets. Assets can be tangible and intangible. Theoretical and practical experiences show that these two types of assets affect firm value, create a competitive advantage, are a significant driver of productivity growth, and a key factor for the firm’s survival in crisis. The paper aims to analyze the contribution of visible intangible assets efficiency and tangible assets efficiency to the business performance of agricultural firms, monitored through labor productivity, profitability, and firm growth. The sample consists of 42 agricultural firms that operated in 2023 in Serbia. A regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The results prove the contribution of visible intangible assets efficiency and tangible assets efficiency to the productivity of agricultural firms. At the same time, the influence of these variables on firm growth and profitability was absent.
CONSUMER RIGHT TO FOOD INFORMATION
Authors: Mihajlović Borko , Micovic Andrej
Published: December 2024

The main purpose of this article is the analysis of the structure and content of food information law in the European Union law, as well as the general assessment of the harmonization of Serbian law with EU law in the field of food information law. In order to achieve these purposes, the authors employed doctrinal comparative research, which encompassed both structural analysis of the laws at issue, and the analysis of specific pre-defined questions. The questions included the subjects responsible for the provision of food information duties, the content of these duties, as well as the methods and ways of formulating and presenting information to consumers. The authors also dealt with the current role for voluntary food information in EU law. In the concluding section of the paper, authors emphasized the importance of introducing the mandatory and uniform front-of-package labeling scheme.
IMPACT OF CERTAIN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON CONSUMER ATTITUDES ABOUT ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Dimitrijević Bojan , Golijan - Pantović Jelena , Lakić Nada , Lekić Slavoljub , Bulatović Branka , Rajić Zoran , Jelić Sreten
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this paper is to examine the attitudes and opinions of respondents about organic agricultural and food products, as well as motives for buying this type of products, depending on their gender, education and age, because it is assumed that they have the strongest influence on consumer attitudes. Data were obtained through survey questionnaires, on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on a random sample of 369 respondents. The Chi square independence test was used to study the set assumptions. The results of the research indicated that the analysed demographic factors had certain influence on the opinion and attitudes of the respondents about ecological agricultural and food products, as well as on the motives for their use.
ASSESSING AND MANAGING TERRITORIAL CAPITAL FOR RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: FINDINGS FROM FIELD RESEARCH IN AZANJA (REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)
Authors: Dejanović Aleksandar , Lukić Nikolić Jelena , Ljubojević Ljubomir
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the potential for rural tourism development in Azanja (Republic of Serbia) by analyzing its territorial capital - natural, social, cultural, economic and human capital. Results from field research conducted in 2024 encompassing 209 residents revealed that the main strength lies in Azanja’s social capital, followed by natural and cultural capital. However, economic and human capital were identified as weak points, hindering rural tourism development. The results showed that rural tourism development in Azanja requires strategic investments and capacity building to overcome its economic and human capital limitations. Recommendations include fostering local entrepreneurship, providing financial incentives for tourism-related businesses, and implementing educational programs to enhance residents’ knowledge and skills in tourism management and hospitality. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of Azanja’s territorial capital, this research provides a basis for formulating targeted strategies to enhance the region’s appeal to tourists and foster sustainable rural tourism development.
Efectos de los espacios motores, desarrollo psicomotor en niños de 1 a 3 años que acuden a Centro de desarrollo infantil (CDI) de la parroquia Charapoto.
Authors: Naranjo Holguin Nathaly Xiomara
Published: December 2024

Este estudio observacional transversal evaluó la influencia de los espacios motores en el desarrollo psicomotor de niños de 1 a 3 años en el Centro de Desarrollo Infantil (CDI) de Charapoto. Se incluyó una muestra de 18 niños, quienes fueron evaluados utilizando la escala de Gesell, que mide áreas como motricidad gruesa, fina, lenguaje y adaptación social. La investigación consistió en observar las actividades motoras de los niños en los diferentes espacios del CDI, y analizar su progreso psicomotor mediante herramientas estadísticas para identificar correlaciones entre la interacción en los espacios y su desarrollo.
 
Resultados: La mayoría de los niños evaluados mostró un desarrollo psicomotor acorde a su edad, destacando avances en habilidades motoras gruesas y finas. Un 88.9% cumplió con los ítems evaluados, lo que sugiere un impacto positivo de los espacios motores en su desarrollo.
 
Conclusión: Los espacios motores del CDI Chiquilladas mostraron ser efectivos en el desarrollo psicomotor de los niños, aunque el estudio se limita por el tamaño de la muestra y su enfoque en una única institución. Se recomienda la optimización continua de estos espacios, junto con una evaluación periódica del desarrollo infantil.
Prevención de lesiones en Fútbol Femenino: Impacto del Programa FIFA 11+.
Authors: Burbano Carrera Julio Xavier , Avalos Tipán Marlos Adrián
Published: December 2024

Actualmente, el fútbol femenino ha experimentado un notable crecimiento, lo que ha incentivado una mayor práctica de este deporte. Sin embargo, este aumento también ha traído consigo un incremento significativo en la incidencia de lesiones, debido a que el fútbol femenino exige acciones de alta intensidad y frecuentes cambios de dirección, lo que genera una carga considerable en el aparato musculoesquelético. Por esta razón, es fundamental implementar una fase de preparación adecuada, como el calentamiento muscular, que permita una integración segura y efectiva en la actividad deportiva. En este contexto, el programa de prevención de lesiones FIFA 11+ se presenta como una herramienta esencial para las jugadoras de fútbol femenino. Los resultados de esta investigación destacan su eficacia, evidenciando beneficios representativos en la reducción de lesiones y consolidándose como un método indispensable en la práctica de este deporte.
Impacto de las terapias de neurodesarrollo en parálisis cerebral cuadripléjica espástica. Un Estudio de Caso.
Authors: Moreira Velez Karen Josenka , Moreira Villegas Mario Alexander , Cobos Baque Eduardo Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Este estudio presenta un caso clínico de un niño de 2 años y 8 meses diagnosticado con parálisis cerebral de tipo cuadriplejia espástica de nivel V según el Sistema de Clasificación de la Función Motora Gruesa (GMFCS). El tratamiento incluyó kinesiotaping, terapia de neurodesarrollo y ejercicios para mejorar el control postural y la modulación del tono muscular. A través de nueve sesiones, se observaron avances en la sedestación, bipedestación asistida y activación motora segmentada. Se discuten las limitaciones del tratamiento, como la respuesta variable del paciente y los factores económicos. Este caso subraya la necesidad de enfoques terapéuticos integrales y estudios longitudinales para evaluar la efectividad de estas técnicas a largo plazo.
Kavramsal Metafor İncelemeleri: Türk Dizilerinden Kesitler
Authors: Kara Abdurrahman , Bekiroğlu İrem
Published: December 2024

Kavramsal Metafor Kuramı 1980 yılında George Lakoff ve Mark Johnson'ın Metaphors We Live By adlı eseri ile öne çıkmıştır. Bu kuram metaforu gerçekliği yeniden oluşturmak için kavramsal bir araç olarak ele almıştır. Soyut bir kavramın dış dünyadaki daha somut bir kavram yoluyla anlaşılması/ifade edilmesi işlevini yerine getiren kavramsal metaforlar, bir soyut kavramın ya da bir deneyim alanının diğer bir somut sınırlara sahip olan kavram ile ya da deneyim alanı ile anlaşılmasıdır. Metafor, "kavramsal alanda alanlar arası bir haritalama sistemi" anlamına gelmektedir. Bir diğer deyişle, kavramsal alan A kavramsal alan B’dir. B, kendisiyle A’nın anlaşıldığı kaynak alan iken A ise B ile anlaşılan hedef alandır. Yani, daha soyut ve sınırları belirsiz olan A, daha somut ve sınırları belirli yapıya sahip olan B ile anlaşılır. Metaforlar ise yalnızca dilde gerçekleşmez. İnsan deneyiminin diğer birçok alanında da gerçekleştirilebilir. Bunlar ise dil dışı metaforlardır. Yani, kavramsal metaforların hayatımızda belirli alanlara yansıyış şeklidir. Dil dışı metaforlarla gündelik hayatımızın birçok yerinde farkında olmadan karşılaşırız. Örneğin filmler, oyunculuklar, bina ve yapılar, reklamlar, mitler, rüya tabirleri, mimikler ve heykeller en sık karşılaştığımız alanlardır. Bu çalışmada da metaforu daha iyi anlamak adına Sadakatsiz, Ömer ve Camdaki Kız adlı dizilerden kesitler alınarak dil dışı metafor örnekleri incelenmiş ve sınırları daha belirgin olan somut bir kavramın sınırları daha belirsiz olan soyut bir kavramı anlamadaki yeri gösterilmiştir. Kesitlerden elde edilen çözümlemede, en sık karşılaşılan üç soyut kavram olan ÖFKE, HAYAT ve AŞK’ın dil dışı öğelerle ifade edilmesinde en çok gözlemlenen kaynak alanların sırasıyla (ÖFKE için) ISI, FİZİKSEL veya DOĞAL KUVVET, KESKİN MADDE ve KIRMIZI; (HAYAT için) TERCİH, YOLCULUK, AYNA, AYDINLIK, MADDE ve YÜK; (AŞK için) ATEŞ, AYDINLIK, BAĞ ve ÖZGÜRLÜK olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Tectonic-triggered drainage reorganizations between the two largest tributaries of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Wu Haohan , Wang Xianyan , He Chuanqi , Zhang Danfeng , Zhang Hanzhi , Li Zhengchen , Yu Yang , Wang Shejiang , Lu Huayu
Published: December 2024

The reorganization of the drainage system is a crucial process on the Earth's surface. However, there is insufficient understanding of the process and driving mechanism of the reorganization of the mountainous drainage system. Here we demonstrate an example of tectonic subsidence-induced drainage reorganizations between the two largest tributaries (Jialing and Han) of the Yangtze River. The upstream tributaries of the Han River, flowing in parallel from north to south, undergo an abrupt eastward deflection of approximately 90° within an intermontane basin. Through river profile analysis, we identified four knickpoints with progressively younger ages towards the west, indicating successive stream captures. We reconstructed the relict river profile upstream of the knickpoint, which consistently aligns with the downstream remnant features, including wind-gaps and terraces. Combining with landscape evolution models, we reconstructed the evolutionary history between the Han and Jialing Rivers. The Jialing River was once flowing southward. Following the tectonic subsidence of the intermontane basin during the late-Miocene to Pliocene, the south-flowing streams from the catchment of the paleo-Jialing River were progressively captured by the Han River from the east along the intermontane basin. Our findings highlight that tectonic subsidence can trigger mountainous drainage reorganization. Additionally, we suggest that the processes of basin infilling, drainage integration, and positive feedback are also essential components in the evolution of mountainous drainage networks.
HADES MENURUT KITAB LUKAS 16:19-31 DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI HIDUP ORANG PERCAYA
Authors: Daniel Angely , Lilo Deflit Dujerslaim
Published: December 2024

Understanding the world of the dead or the term hades in the context of the new covenant is something that is difficult to understand, especially as a believer. The visible great debate among theologians, for example, a theologian named Dr. Tuck, George Sandison said that “the Hebrews considered the world of the dead (Hades), a place for the dead, which was divided into two parts, one for the good and the other for the wicked. Then one place is called Firdaus and the other is gehenna. But on the other hand, hades is a form that contains, where all the dead come to that place only. Then there will be a separation between the righteous and the wicked. Hence, there is a difference of opinion between the theologians. Related to this, the writer will examine the title of this paper, namely Hades in Luke 16:19-31, and its implications for the lives of believers.

Memahami dunia orang mati atau dengan istilah hades dalam konteks Perjanjian Baru adalah suatu hal yang sulit dipahami terutama sebagai orang percaya. Terlihat terjadi perdebatan hebat di kalangan para teolog misalnya, seorang teolog yang bernama Dr. Tuck, George Sandison mengatakan bahwa “orang Ibrani menganggap dunia orang mati (Hades), yakni tempat tempat bagi orang yang sudah mati, yang terbagi atas dua bagian yaitu untuk orang yang baik dan yang lain untuk orang fasik. Kemudian tempat yang satu bernama Firdaus dan yang lain adalah Gehenna. Namun di sisi lain hades merupakan satu bentuk yang berisi, di mana semua orang yang mati datang ke tempat itu saja. Lalu kemudian akan dipisahkan antara orang yang saleh dan orang yang fasik. Sehingga terjadi perbedaan pendapat antara pakar teolog tersebut. Terkait dengan hal tersebut maka penulis akan mengkaji judul tulisan ini yakni Hades dalam Lukas 16:19-31 dan implikasinya bagi hidup orang percaya.
PERAN PUSAT PENGEMBANGAN ANAK (PPA) ID0807 EFATA GANDANGBATU DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI KRISTIANI PADA ANAK KELAS 3 SD INPRES NO. 142 GANDANGBATU
Authors: Riska Riska , Alferdi Alferdi
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the role of the Child Development Center (PPA) ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu in instilling Christian values. PPA is a forum to improve the development of children from partner churches. PPA has the goal of freeing children from poverty in the name of Jesus and developing children holistically, namely spiritual development, physical development, socio-emotional development and cognitive development so that they can develop their potential to benefit others, the environment, family, nation and state. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through library research, observation and interviews, and shows that PPA ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu has instilled Christian values to the fullest. This can be seen from the learning method which is divided into four stages, namely opening activities, guided activities, responses and applications, and closing activities. In addition, the success of PPA ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu can also be seen from the results of reports that are routinely made, where children continue to experience spiritual development.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan peran Pusat Pengembangan Anak (PPA) ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu dalam menamkan nilai-nilai kristiani. PPA adalah sebuah wadah untuk meningkatkan pengembangan anak-anak yang berasal dari gereja mitra. PPA memiliki tujuan yaitu membebaskan anak-anak dari kemiskinan dalam nama Yesus dan mengembangkan anak secara holistik yaitu pengembangan spiritual, pengembangan fisik, pengembangan sosio emosi dan pengembangan kognitif sehingga dapat mengembangkan potensinya agar bermanfaat bagi sesama, lingkungan, keluarga , bangsa dan Negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustaakaan, observasi dan wawancara, dan menunjukkan bahwa PPA ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu sudah menanamkan nilai kristiani secara maksimal. Hal itu terlihat dari metode pembelajaran yang terbagi dalam empat tahap, yaitu kegiatan pembuka, kegiatan terpimpin, tanggapan dan aplikasi, serta kegiatan penutup. Selain itu keberhasilan PPA ID0807 Efata Gandangbatu juga terlihat dari hasil laporan yang rutin dibuat, dimana anak terus mengalami perkembangan spritualitas.
PENGARUH PENGAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN TERHADAP PERILAKU PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Budiman Andri , Sianturi Tumpak OP
Published: December 2024

Christian Religious Education is an education that is based on the Bible/God's Word, which is very important for the life of a believer. Where through this teaching, it can bring someone to understand and gain an understanding of God and how one can know God's will in human life. PAK teaching in schools is very important, because PAK teaching contains life values that make people recognize and take actions that are in accordance with applicable norms. Without true teaching, humans will live more selfishly. Therefore, the researchers conducted a study at SDN No 076708 Gomo, South Nias Regency, to see if there was an influence of PAK teaching on the behavior of students at SDN No 076708 Tanonikoo Gomo, South Nias Regency, with quantitative research methods. The tool used is a questionnaire in the form of a closed questionnaire. From the research that has been done, it was found that the average value of PAK Teaching at SDN No 076708 Gomo, South Nias Regency. While the value of student behavior is 77.37. The influence of PAK Teaching on Student Behavior 0.402 is very low. The contribution of the influence is 16.16%.
MANUSIA PENATA ALAM DAN BUKAN PENAKLUK ALAM
Authors: Palari Yoel Brian
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, aims to see how the responsibility of humans towards nature and will see what impact it will have on humans if humans continue to conquer or exploit nature. related to this article. From the results of this study it was found that humans are creatures who play an important role in maintaining and managing this nature, so that nature can become a common home for all living things, and if humans arbitrarily destroy and exploit nature, it will have a bad impact on human life, themselves as well as to other living beings.

Abstrak
Dalam tulisan ini, bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana tanggung jawab manusia terhadap alam serta akan melihat apa dampak yang terjadi bagi manusia jika manusia terus menerus menaklukan atau mengeksploitasi alam. Untuk mencapai tujuan penulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan membaca buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal yang berhubungan dengan tulisan ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa manusia adalah makhluk yang berperan penting untuk menjaga dan menata alam ini, agar alam ini dapat menjadi rumah bersama bagi semua mahluk hidup, dan apabila manusia dengan sewenang-wenang merusak dan mengeksploitasi alam maka akan berdampak buruk bagi kehidupan manusia itu sendiri dan juga kepada mahkluk hidup lainnya.
PRINSIP PENGEMBALAAN BERDASARKAN MAZMUR 23 dan IMPIKASINYA BAGI GEMBALA JEMAAT DI SILLANAN
Authors: Parai' Nelsi , Novita Vemiantri
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk memberi pemahaman kepada gembala tentang prinsip pengembalaan berdasarkan perspektif mazmur 23 yang harus diteladani oleh seorang gembala sebagai pemimpin dalam jemaat. Gembala adalah unsur paling utama dalam sebuah penggembalaan. Maju tidaknya pertembuhan jemaat sangat dipengaruhi oleh gembala oleh karena itu sangat perlu bagi gembala untuk memiliki prinsip pengembalaan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber seperti data primer, buku jurnal dan referensi lainnya. tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini untuk menunjukkan prinsip pengembalaan dalam mazmur 23 yang harus dimiliki oleh gembala diantaranya yaitu membaringkan, Membimbing dan menuntun, menyegarkan, menghibur dan menyediakan
KAJIAN HERMENEUTIK READER RESPONSE CRITICISM TENTANG ALLAH MENGHASUT DAUD BERDASARKAN 2 SAMUEL 24:1
Authors: Patrisia Leoni , Alferdi Alferdi , Matasak Alfriani Nancy , Edi Edi
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of writing this article is to describe the respondents' understanding of God inciting David based on 2 Samuel 24:1. Christians get their teachings about God from the Bible. Although they do not know God perfectly, one conclusion that Christians believe about God is that God is love. But when faced with other truths about God such as the text of 2 Samuel 24:1 about God inciting David against the Israelites, would they still think that God was a good person? Therefore, this study wants to see the meaning of God inciting David based on 2 Samuel 24:1, with a different approach. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach to reader response criticism. This approach focuses on how the reader gives a response or meaning to the text read based on the reader's experience when reading a text. In the text of 2 Samuel 24:1, the respondents almost have the same thought about God inciting David, namely there is always a reason for every action God takes, including when He incited David against the Israelites.

Abstrak
Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah menguraikan pemahaman responden tentang Allah menghasut Daud berdasarkan 2 Samuel 24:1. Orang Kristen mendapatkan pengajaran tentang Allah dari Alkitab. Walaupun mereka tidak secara sempurna mengenal Allah, satu kesimpulan yang dipercaya orang Kristen tentang Allah yakni Allah itu kasih. Namun ketika diperhadapkan dengan kebenaran lain tentang Allah seperti teks 2 Samuel 24:1 tentang Allah menghasut Daud melawan bangsa Israel, apakah mereka masih akan berpikir bahwa Allah adalah pribadi yang baik? Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini hendak melihat makna dari Allah menghasut Daud berdasarkan 2 Samuel 24:1, dengan pendekatan yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik reader response criticism. Pendekatan ini berfokus pada bagaimana pembaca memberikan response atau pemaknaan pada teks yang dibaca berdasarkan pengalaman pembaca ketika membaca suatu teks. Pada teks 2 Samuel 24:1, para responden hampir memiliki pemikiran yang sama tentang Allah menghasut Daud, yakni selalu ada alasan pada setiap tindakan yang dilakukan Allah termasuk ketika Dia menghasut Daud melawan bangsa Israel.
KAJIAN TEOLOGIS MAKNA PEMBASUHAN KAKI DALAM IBADAH KAMIS PUTIH DAN SUNGBANGSIHNYA BAGI PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN DI GEREJA TORAJA JEMAAT MERIBA MANGGAU
Authors: B Adriana Sonda , Belopadang Yiska , Patelangan Laura
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of writing this article is to describe the meaning of foot washing in the celebration of Maundy Thursday worship and its contribution to service improvement. The washing of the feet is a symbol of Jesus' example in serving His disciples who taught how to humbly raise the ministry and contribute to the improvement of the ministry. In writing this thesis, the method used is a qualitative research method with literature study techniques, observations and interviews. The author conducted interviews with a pastor, five church members and two church members. Based on the results of the research conducted, the assembly and congregation members understood the Holy Thursday service and interpreted the washing of the feet as a symbol of Jesus' example in serving His disciples who contributed to the improvement of service in the congregation because they understood that the symbols used by Jesus set an example that every human being should have an attitude of serving each other by being willing to sacrifice, humbling, loving each other by being willing to forgive the mistakes of others and loving and serving regardless of social status differences.

Abstrak
Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini untuk mendeskripsikan makna pembasuhan kaki dalam perayaan ibadah kamis putih dan sumbangsih terhadap peningkatan pelayanan. Pembahusan kaki yang dilakukan merupakan simbol keteladanan Yesus dalam melayani murid-muridNya yang mengajarkan bagaimana mengangkat pelayanan dengan rendah hati dan sumbangsih bagi peningkatan pelayanan. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik studi kepustakaan, observasi dan wawancara. Penulis melakukan wawancara dengan seorang pendeta, lima majelis gereja dan dua anggota jemaat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, majelis dan anggota jemaat memahami ibadah kamis putih dan memaknai pembasuhan kaki yang dilakukan sebagai simbol keteladanan Yesus dalam melayani murid-muridNya yang memberikan sumbangsih terhadap peningkatan pelayanan dalam jemaat karena memahami bahwa simbol yang dilakukan Yesus memberikan teladan bahwa setriap manusia harus memiliki sikap saling melayani dengan rela berkorban, merendahkan hati, saling mengasihi dengan bersedia untuk mengampuni kesalahan orang lain dan mengasihi serta melayani tanpa memandang perbedaan statuis sosial.
Gerakan Pembaruan Muhammadiyah dan Asas Pancasila
Authors: Aritonang Arthur
Published: December 2024

Buku ini merupakan penelitian yang ditulis oleh Pdt. Weinata Sairin dalam rangka memperoleh gelar M.Th di STT/STFT Jakarta. Dengan diterbitkannya buku ini disambut baik oleh Prof. Dr. Abdul Mukti (Sekretaris Umum Muhammadiyah) dalam sebuah kata pengantar. Ia mengatakan bahwa Pdt. Weinata Sairin adalah seorang yang dekat dengan Islam baik secara keilmuan maupun pribadi sehingga dengan hadirnya buku ini di masyarakat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dari komunitas Kristen tentang Muhammadiyah. Selain itu tujuan dari buku ini hendak menyoroti gerakan pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh Muhammadiyah dalam hal penerimaan Pancasila sebagai asas tunggal. Adapun Tesis dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa sejak awal Muhammadiyah selalu menempatkan kepentingan bangsa dan negara diatas segalanya sebagai bentuk memelihara keanekaragaman agama, budaya dan suku yang ada di Indonesia.

Abstract
This book is a research written by Rev. Weinata Sairin in order to obtain an M.Th degree at STT/STFT Jakarta. The publication of this book was welcomed by Prof. Dr. Abdul Mukti (General Secretary of Muhammadiyah) in a foreword. He said that Rev. Weinata Sairin is someone who is close to Islam both scientifically and personally so that the presence of this book in society is expected to increase the understanding of the Christian community about Muhammadiyah. In addition, the purpose of this book is to highlight the renewal movement carried out by Muhammadiyah in terms of accepting Pancasila as a single principle. The thesis of this research is that since the beginning Muhammadiyah has always placed the interests of the nation and state above all as a form of maintaining the diversity of religions, cultures and tribes in Indonesia.
KAJIAN TEOLOGIS MAKNA IBADAH RABU ABU DAN IMPLIKASIHNYA BAGI WARGA GEREJA TORAJA JEMAAT LIMBONG KLASIS PANGALA UTARA
Authors: Batara Frans Geril , - Tresia Osa , Uranti Uranti
Published: December 2024

Ibadah adalah tempat berhimpun jemaat kepada Tuhan yang menyatakan persekutuan dengan Tuhan dan sesama saudara seiman, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Makna Ibadah Rabu Abu di Jemaat Limbong Klasis Pangala’ Utara. Dalam penulisan ini, penulis meninjau bagaimana dasar dan tujuan penelitian sebagaimana penulis melihat sebuah metode yang lebih baik digunakan yaitu metode penelitian Kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa “kajian teologis makna ibadah rabu abu dan implikasinya bagi warga Gereja Toraja Jemaat Limbong Klasis Pangala’ Utara” adalah sebuah pertobatan dan penyerahan diri kepada Tuhan. sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam Kitab Mazmur 102:10 bahwa kata abu di pakai sebagai simbol kesedihan akan sebuah penyesalan dan pertobatan. Meskipun Jemaat Limbong suda memahami tentang makna ibadah rabu abu akan tetapi masih bayak anggota jemaat yang beranggapan bahwa ibadah rabu abu hanya sebagai formalitas saja.