bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell transcriptomes reveal spermatogonial stem cells and the dynamic heterogeneity of spermatogenesis in a seasonal breeding teleost
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Yinan , Wessel Gary , Hu Weihua , Xu Dongdong
Published: November 2024

Seasonal spermatogenesis in fish is driven by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which undergo a complex cellular process to differentiate into mature sperm. In this study, we characterized spermatogenesis in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), a marine fish of significant commercial value, based on a high-resolution single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of testicular cells from three distinct developmental stages: juvenile, adult differentiating and regressed testes. We detailed a continuous developmental trajectory of spermatogenic cells, from spermatogonia to spermatids, elucidating the molecular events involved in spermatogenesis. We uncovered dynamic heterogeneity in cellular compositions throughout the annual reproductive cycle, accompanied by strong molecular signatures within specific testicular cells. Notably, we identified a distinct population of SSCs and observed a critical metabolic transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing our understanding of the biochemical and molecular characteristics of SSCs. Additionally, we elucidated the interactions between somatic cells and spermatogonia, illuminating the mechanisms that regulate SSC development. Overall, this work enhances our understanding of spermatogenesis in seasonal breeding teleosts and provides essential insights for the further conservation and culture of SSCs.
Primary anastomosis versus stoma following urgent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid volvulus: 58-year experience in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Agirman Enes , Disci Esra , Peksoz Rifat , Atamanalp Sabri Selcuk
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Primary anastomosis and stoma are the main options in the restoration of intestinal continuity following urgent sigmoidectomy in sigmoid volvulus (SV). Our purpose was to evaluate the outcomes of both techniques in a 1,083-patient SV series.
Methods: Total 1,083 cases with SV treated in Ataturk University Research Hospital in 58-year period between June 1966 and July 2024 were included in this study. We reviewed the records of 612 patients (56.5%) retrospectively, while the remaining 471 cases (43.5%) were evaluated prospectively. We investigated some preoperative, operative, and postoperative characteristics in non-matched analyses.
Results: Among total 379 patients treated with urgent colectomy, primary anastomosis was used in 173 cases (45.6%), while stoma was required in 206 patients (54.4%). The mean age was significantly lower in primary anastomosis group (P<0.005), while male/female ratios were statistically similar (P>0.05). Mean ASA score (P<0.001) and rates of shock (P<0.001), bowel gangrene (P<0.001), bowel perforation (P<0.01), and risky bowel (P<0.005) were also significantly lower in the primary anastomosis group. When stoma closure was considered, operation time was significantly shorter (P<0.001), additionally, morbidity and mortality rates were significantly lower in the primary anastomosis group (P<0.001, in each). The distributions of reoperation rates were statistically similar in both groups (P>0.05). Conversely, hospitalization time was significantly shorter and cost was significantly lower in the primary anastomosis group (P<0.001, in each).
Conclusion: Primary anastomosis has some advantages in comparison to stoma in the restoration of intestinal continuity following urgent sigmoidectomy in SV. However, stoma is generally preferred in patients with bad health status, old age, and risky bowel. New prospective randomized clinical studies or matched analyses may help to clarify the optimal choice.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10543
How to cite this: Agirman E, Disci E, Peksoz R, Atamanalp SS. Primary anastomosis versus stoma following urgent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid volvulus: 58-year experience in a tertiary referral center. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2513-2517. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10543
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of eyesight, BMI, and the use of screen-based devices on mental well-being
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Islam Abdullah , Fatima Chishti Faiza
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To observe any association between mental health and potential contributors, i.e., BMI, eyesight, and number of screen-based devices in young adults.
Methods: The study proceeded after obtaining the necessary ethical approval (Ref. # 689/ERC/CMH/LMC) from the institutional ERC at CMH LMC & IOD. It was a cross-sectional study, conducted with undergraduate students aged 16-25 years from June to September 2022 at Department of Physiology at CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry. Those who had any history of using CNS stimulants or depressants were excluded from the study. The data was collected via a pre-designed, validated questionnaire. Sample t-test, single tail one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis, ensuring a 95% confidence interval.
Results: A non-significant percentage increase in mental well-being (MWB) score of 7.09% was found in males (p=0.142). No significant difference was observed in MBW scores and BMI (p=0.129), however, underweights showed the minimum scores (38.8±7.1). In all eyesight groups, no significant difference was noticed in MBW scores (p=0.316), though those who collectively present with hyperopia and myopia expressed minimum scores (35.4±9.8). The use of different screen-based devices showed a significant association with mental health (p=0.041), while the lowest MBW scores were found in those who were using only smartphones (38.9±8.0). There was no discernible difference in MWB for daily screen time.
Conclusion: Students who used only smartphones had significantly lower MWB scores than those who used smartphones and laptops. The study found low MWB scores among underweight individuals and those who were with both eye-sight issues i.e. myopia as well as hyperopia.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10742
How to cite this: Sadiqa A, Islam A, Chishti FF. Impact of eyesight, BMI, and the use of screen-based devices on mental well-being. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2470-2474. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10742
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Teacher’s perspective regarding Co-teaching Classes: A qualitative study
Authors: Malik Afreenish , Jamil Brekhna , Jadoon Maidha , Asim Nowshad
Published: November 2024

Objective: To explore teacher’s perspectives regarding co-teaching classes.
Methods: Online interviews of participants were conducted through Zoom meetings at a suitable time the researcher and the participant decided beforehand. Teachers’ perspective regarding co-teaching classes were studied. The study design was qualitative, and phenomenological. A purposive sampling technique was opted in which participants involved in co-teaching in the field of medicine for not less than one year were chosen. Data was collected through a semi structured interview, with nine open ended question, after validation from experts.
Results: Thematic analysis of the data was done in three phases. Fifty-three codes were identified from the transcriptions of the interviews in the initial coding. Twelve codes were derived in axial coding and finally, five themes were formed. Overall teachers showed a very positive response towards co-teaching. They discussed a lot of benefits of co-teaching. The opportunities and challenges in the co-teaching classes were also discussed. and most importantly the interaction of the co-teachers in the planning phase of the session, during the class and in the assessment were explored.
Conclusion: Teachers described their experience of co-teaching as productive, pleasant, and enriching. The professional growth of teachers is fostered through co-teaching. Collaborative harmony develops among co-teachers. Teacher’s satisfaction also increases by comprehensive knowledge transfer. Although some challenges were faced by teachers in co-teaching classes. The most common challenge of co-teaching was time management. Dominating nature or irresponsible teachers was also a challenge to deal with.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9258
How to cite this: Malik A, Jamil B, Jadoon M, Asim N. Teacher’s perspective regarding co-teaching classes: A qualitative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2524-2532. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9258
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical effects of debulking surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer and its influence on tumor markers and immune function
Authors: Yan Huijuan , Wang Weiwei , Wang Shengchao , Yan Chunmei , Zhu Li
Published: November 2024

Objective: Exploring the clinical efficacy of tumor cell reduction combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian cancer.
Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted of one hundred patients with advanced ovarian cancer at Yellow River Sanmenxia Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. They were divided into control group and observation group based on treatment methods, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with tumor cell reduction surgery, the observation group treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and tumor cell reduction surgery. The surgical related conditions, clinical treatment effects, tumor markers, cellular immune function levels, quality of life, and adverse reactions were compared.
Results: The observation group had shorter surgical and hospitalization times, with less intraoperative blood loss and abdominal fluid accumulation compared to control group (P<0.05). The serum levels in both groups of patients were significantly reduced, and observation group had a higher degree of decrease (P<0.05). The levels of cellular immune function levels in both groups improved significantly, and observation group showed more significant improvement (P<0.05). The total efficacy of observation group patients was 72.00%, higher than control group’s 52.00% (P<0.05). The SS-QOL scores of both groups of patients improved significantly, and the degree of improvement in observation group was significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of tumor cell reduction surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer can significantly shorten surgical and hospitalization time, inhibit tumor marker expression, improve patient immune function and quality of life.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9337
How to cite this: Yan H, Wang W, Wang S, Yan C, Zhu L. Clinical effects of debulking surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer and its influence on tumor markers and immune function. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2475-2479.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9337
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Endocrine evaluation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A cross sectional analyses in tertiary level hospital
Authors: Ghaffar Tahir , Kanwal Shaista , Aamir Azizul Hasan , Hadi Niktash Khan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate common endocrine responses of the patients hospitalized with COVID 19 Infection at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar.
Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study which included 66 patients having age 18 years and above with positive COVID 19 PCR, who were reported in COVID OPD for hospitalization in Isolation Units and Intensive Care Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar between June 15, 2020 to December 15, 2020. Patients with preexisting kidney or liver disease, those who had used steroids before enrollment and pregnant and lactating females were excluded. Patients were clinically assessed, and investigations were performed which included C- reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count (CBC), Covid PCR, thyroid function tests (TFTs), and cortisol levels.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 54.38±15.81 years. At baseline, 75%, 17%, and 3% patients had mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, respectively. Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH) levels were suppressed in 25% of patients, more significant in those with more severe infection. Raised cortisol levels were found in 94% of patients at admission without any prior use of steroids. As per clinical outcome is concerned, mortality occurred in 20% of patients while 80% recovered healthy.
Conclusion: The findings of the results suggest an appropriate response of endocrine system to covid infection. The amount of cortisol and TSH changes were also associated with the severity of sickness.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9340
How to cite this: Ghaffar T, Kanwal S, Aamir AH, Hadi NK. Endocrine evaluation of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A cross sectional analyses in tertiary level hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2572-2576. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9340
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Effects of muscle energy technique along conventional physical therapy after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Ashraf Fanila , Anwar Kinza , Arshad Hafsah
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the efficacy of muscle energy technique (MET) in combination with conventional physical therapy compared to conventional physical therapy alone following mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Institute of Regenerative Medicine (IRM), Islamabad, Pakistan, for a time duration of 11 months from September 2022 to July 2023. Using non-probability purposive sampling, patients were randomly allocated to two treatment groups. Three treatment sessions per week for two weeks, lasting thirty minutes each, were administered with follow-up after one month. Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, ROM, were used to assess the Pain, functional status, and Range of motion. Within Group-Analysis was done using Friedman with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, while Mann-Whitney U-tests determined inter-group differences.
Results: With-in Group-Analysis, showed statistically significant (p<0.05) at baseline, after one week, after two weeks, and after one month follow up in both the muscle energy technique (MET) Group-And conventional therapy group for NPRS, KNEE FLEXION ROM, and WOMAC. Between-Group-Analysis, also showed significant (p<0.05) for knee pain and WOMAC scores.
Conclusions: Both groups are effective for improving knee pain, and functional limitation in knee osteoarthritis patients. However, MET Group along with conventional therapy showed marked effects on improving knee pain, knee flexion ROM, and functional limitations after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9605
How to cite this: Ashraf F, Anwar K, Arshad H. Effects of muscle energy technique along conventional physical therapy after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in knee osteoarthritis patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2558-2564. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9605
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The procedural success of primary angioplasty in a tertiary care center in Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Wajid Khan Faisal  , Khurshid Ali  , Zohaib Sadiq  , Zameer ul Asar  , Waqas Latif  , Madiha Iqbal
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the procedural success of primary angioplasty in terms of TIMI flow and myocardial blush grade (MBG).
Methods: We used cross-sectional population data of the patients who underwent primary PCI in Emergency Angiography department of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from January 2021 to September 2021. TIMI flow and myocardial blush grades (MBG) were assessed before and after the procedure. All PCIs in which there was improvement in blood flow in infarct related artery of ≥2 grades in TIMI flow and/or in MBG were considered successful.
Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled, 91 patients were male and 15 patients were female with the age range from 22 to 75 (48.7 ± 11.8) years. TIMI flow and MBG was improved ≥ 2 grades in 69 and 58 patients respectively. Improvement in TIMI flow was noted similar in all three vessels. Overall 65% patients showed improvement in TIMI flow and 55% in MBG. Onset of chest pain to balloon time was the most important parameter, shorter the time better the result. The patients in whom MBG was improved, the time was 234.26 ± 156.06 vs 323.59 ± 252.64 minutes.
Conclusion: Primary angioplasty is quite effective procedure for the restoration of blood flow in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction but still it is far away from the ideal one. Although most patients benefit from primary PCI, a significant minority of individuals do not, particularly if they present late. What could be the ideal therapy, the answer is still to be answered.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9954
How to cite this: Faisal AWK, Ali K, Sadiq Z, Zameer ul Asar, Latif W, Iqbal M. The procedural success of primary angioplasty in a tertiary care center in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2583-2587. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9954
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Influence of Sports Intervention on the Mental Health of College Students in the Background of COVID-19 :A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Yi , Wu Changhong , Sun Liang , Wang Chuanqiushui , Luo Jiong
Published: November 2024

Objective: This review aims to understand the mental health status of college students during the popularity of covid-19, and explore the impact of sports intervention on College Students' mental health and its path mechanism through a literature review. Methods: According to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this paper searched the literature on the Sports College Students' Mental Health from 2019 to 2022 in PubMed, web of science, CNKI, and dimensional spectrum database. Results: 64 research papers were included for comprehensive analysis. Conclusions: Sport interventions as an important means for the regulation of the development of the mental health of the college students. Sport intervention improves cognitive functioning, emotional state, interpersonal relationships, and self-efficacy in college students and is an important strategy for dealing with public health emergencies. Sport intervention therapy is recommended as one of the important means to prevent mental health problems among college students.
Del idealismo a la estrategia de comunicación política: un análisis comparado de la profesionalización de las campañas presidenciales de izquierda en Colombia (2006-2022)
Authors: Restrepo Néstor Julián , Molina Arroyave Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Con la elección de Gustavo Petro a la presidencia de Colombia, como representante de la denominada izquierda del país, surge la inquietud por las estrategias y tácticas de campaña que pudieron aportar a la victoria de un proyecto de este corte en las urnas. Por esta razón, se realiza un análisis comparado de las campañas políticas de izquierdas más importantes de Colombia en el siglo xxi, con el objetivo de percibir el impacto que tiene el acelerado proceso de transformación en las dinámicas comunicativas y de relacionamiento político, en la formulación de un proyecto electoral de izquierda altamente personalizado y exitoso, como lo fue el Pacto Histórico en 2022. Se seleccionaron las cuatro campañas más significativas de la izquierda colombiana entre 2006 y 2022, siendo todas contendientes de la segunda vuelta electoral —Carlos Gaviria (2006), Antanas Mockus (2010) y Gustavo Petro (2018 y 2022)—. La evolución en la profesionalización es medida por el Índice de profesionalización de campañas electorales (inpro) (Restrepo-Echavarría et al., 2018), sustentado en el análisis de diversos componentes en dos dimensiones esenciales: organizacional y comunicativa. En este estudio, se evidencia que la izquierda en Colombia tiene un proceso progresivo de profesionalización de la manera en la que hacen campañas electorales. Esta transformación se manifiesta principalmente por la llegada de colaboradores, consultores y asesores externos, que aportan una perspectiva diferente al escenario partidista, comúnmente relacionado con la izquierda en el país; y por el giro digital de las estrategias de comunicación. Es evidente que la izquierda evoluciona, pasa de su forma dogmática de hacer las campañas a un proceso más moderno, cualificado y competitivo.
Difference in Deference: When Competitors Do Not Give in Despite Having Lost
Authors: Durand Rodolphe , Piezunka Henning , Reineke Philipp
Published: November 2024

When a contest is decided, the inferior competitor is supposed to defer to the superior opponent. Yet, sometimes the losing actors refuse to give in. We theorize why and when losing actors do not defer—even when they are supposed to. We hypothesize that when the losing actors categorize their relationship with an opponent as rivalrous beyond the current contest and may obtain some contest-specific gains independent of the focal encounter, they will not defer as much as expected. Unique data from Formula One racing prove strong support. Our findings contribute to research on deference as well as on competition and rivalry. Our study also has broader implications as it helps explain when people do not respect social norms while competing—be it for rewards, for promotions, or in elections.
Miami-Illinois Word Order: Second-Position Particles
Authors: Costa David J.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The Miami-Illinois language has several very commonly used particles that appear in second position in clauses, and which are used to mark such functions as futurity, the potential, the interrogative, new information, or habituality. Taken together these particles are crucial to a full understanding of Miami-Illinois word order. In this article, I examine these particles, discussing their semantic, syntactic, and phonological features.
Memory’s Lash: Staging Parochial Politics in Restoration London
Authors: Stephens Isaac
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT: Scholars have given only passing attention to Francis Kirkman’s The Presbyterian Lash (1661), a polemical play offering gendered, sexual, and confessional commentary about efforts to remove a parson from the ecclesiastical living of London’s St. Botolph Aldgate. Yet when read within multiple contexts—national, municipal, and parochial—the play allows the linking of literary analysis of Restoration tragicomedy with historical scholarship on seventeenth-century clerical ejections. Making this connection not only reveals the generic flexibility of tragicomedy but also demonstrates how depriving clergy of their benefices between the 1640s and 1660s informed the memory and the religio-political dynamics of “England’s Second Reformation.”
State-Level Racial Inequity in Children’s Dental Care Use in the U.S. and Association with State-Level Structural Racism
Authors: Reynolds Julie C. , Comnick Carissa L. , Nwachukwu Pamela C. , Singhal Astha
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Introduction. The aims of this study were to estimate state-level racial inequities in dental care use among children in the U.S., overall and by insurance type, and to examine relationships between inequities and state-level structural racism. Methods. Pooled 2017–2019 data from the National Survey of Children’s Health were used to estimate racial inequities in dental care use. Independent variables included state-level structural racism indicators and other factors. Results. There was substantial variation in the degree and direction of inequities across states and by insurance type. Inequities were not associated with overall structural racism indices. However, one dimension of structural racism—the Black-White incarceration index—was significantly associated with the Black-White disparity (p=.040). Conclusion. Racial inequities in dental utilization among children varied across states and by insurance status. More research is needed to explore more granular geographic levels of structural racism and relationships with additional dental care access indicators.
Establishing a Perinatal Medical-Legal Partnership to Address the Health-Harming Legal Needs of Pregnant and Postpartum Birthing People
Authors: Patchen Loral , Richardson Roxana , Kessler Lisa , Perry Deborah F. , Martinez Kimberly , Girard Vicki W.
Published: November 2024

Summary: This Report from the Field chronicles the establishment of Georgetown University’s Perinatal Legal Assistance and Wellbeing Project, a medical-legal partnership in Washington, D.C. It describes foundational steps, implementation strategies, and lessons learned, and reflects on impacts of addressing the unmet legal needs of birthing individuals.
Silicon ring resonator based optical phase shifter for higher order modulation formats
Authors: Shariful Alam Ahmed , Sun Hao , Mikkelsen Jared C. , Azaña José , Poon Joyce K. S. , Aitchison Stewart
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based optical phase shifter that combines the through and drop ports of a silicon add-drop microring resonator (MRR) modulator. The measured intensity spectra for different bias voltages show that we achieve a 4.29 dB reduction in maximum intensity variation compared to the maximum intensity variation observed at the through port for a ∼2π phase shift. We also recovered the phase spectrum by placing the optical phase shifter in one arm of an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. We achieved a full 2π phase shift of a continuous wave (CW) optical signal with a maximum of ∼4.38 dB of intensity variation. Finally, we created the constellation map of an 8-ary phase-shift keying (8-PSK) data signal based on the recovered phase and the intensity at different forward bias voltages.
Characterization of element distribution and thickness change in a high-capacity lithium-ion battery unit cell before and after charging via laser-induced plasma spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Xianshuang , Lee Yejun , Yoh Jack J.
Published: November 2024

The characterizations of the multi-layered cathode, separator, and anode as a single unit of commercial-grade high-nickel-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are carried out to identify three-dimensional elemental distribution and to measure the electrode thickness change before and after being fully charged by using the laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS). It is found that, in addition to alterations in Li-ion concentration, the emission intensities in structural elements such as nickel in the cathode. Carbon in the anode also changed when the LIBs are charged to 100%, due to increased electron density from higher concentrations of easily ionized elements. Moreover, after charging, the contraction of the cathode and expansion of the anode are observed by correlation analysis of the depth-resolved plasma emission spectra. It is also revealed that the cathode thickness reduction caused by Li-ion deintercalation is smaller than the anode thickness expansion. Overall, the Li-ion structural units expand after charging. Unlike other approaches for measuring electrode thickness in LIBs, this study utilized LIPS mapping to uncover the electrode thickness changes. Thus, a simple and high-throughput method is explained for identifying the elemental and structural variations of high-nickel-based LIBs before and after charging.
Upstream open reading frames may contain hundreds of novel human exons
Authors: Ji Hyun Joo , Salzberg Steven L.
Published: November 2024

Several recent studies have presented evidence that the human gene catalogue should be expanded to include thousands of short open reading frames (ORFs) appearing upstream or downstream of existing protein-coding genes, each of which might create an additional bicistronic transcript in humans. Here we explore an alternative hypothesis that would explain the translational and evolutionary evidence for these upstream ORFs without the need to create novel genes or bicistronic transcripts. We examined 2,199 upstream ORFs that have been proposed as high-quality candidates for novel genes, to determine if they could instead represent protein-coding exons that can be added to existing genes. We checked for the conservation of these ORFs in four recently sequenced, high-quality human genomes, and found a large majority (87.8%) to be conserved in all four as expected. We then looked for splicing evidence that would connect each upstream ORF to the downstream protein-coding gene at the same locus, thus creating a novel splicing variant using the upstream ORF as its first exon. These protein coding exon candidates were further evaluated using protein structure predictions of the protein sequences that included the proposed new exons. We determined that 541 out of 2,199 upstream ORFs have strong evidence that they can form protein coding exons that are part of an existing gene, and that the resulting protein is predicted to have similar or better structural quality than the currently annotated isoform.
Co-contraction embodies uncertainty: An optimal feedforward strategy for robust motor control
Authors: Berret Bastien , Verdel Dorian , Burdet Etienne , Jean Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Despite our environment often being uncertain, we generally manage to generate stable motor behaviors. While reactive control plays a major role in this achievement, proactive control is critical to cope with the substantial noise and delays that affect neuromusculoskeletal systems. In particular, muscle co-contraction is exploited to robustify feedforward motor commands against internal sensorimotor noise as was revealed by stochastic optimal open-loop control modeling. Here, we extend this framework to neuromusculoskeletal systems subjected to random disturbances originating from the environment. The analytical derivation and numerical simulations predict a characteristic relationship between the degree of uncertainty in the task at hand and the optimal level of anticipatory co-contraction. This prediction is confirmed through a single-joint pointing task experiment where an external torque is applied to the wrist near the end of the reaching movement with varying probabilities across blocks of trials. We conclude that uncertainty calls for impedance control via proactive muscle co-contraction to stabilize behaviors when reactive control is insufficient for task success.
The value of serum cystatin c in predicting acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng PeiQiang , Fu Xiao Chen , Wang YueTing , Zheng XuFei , Bian Linfang , Zhati Nuer , Zhang Shuang , Wei Wei
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to review relevant research and assess the diagnostic value of serum cystatin C (CysC) for post-cardiac surgery acute kidney injury (PCSAKI).

Method

We searched databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, WanFang, CNKI, VIP) for literature published up to January 10, 2024. Quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Extracted data from eligible studies and summarized sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) values.

Results

A total of 24 studies involving 3,427 patients were included. The estimated diagnostic sensitivity of CysC for PCSAKI was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.57–0.76), with a specificity of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81–0.91). The positive likelihood ratio (+LR) was 5.17 (95% CI, 3.45–7.73), and the negative likelihood ratio (-LR) was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.28–0.51). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 14 (95% CI, 7–26), the diagnostic score (DS) was 2.62 (95% CI, 1.99–3.24), and AUC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.89). The sub-analysis results indicate that gender distribution, serum storage temperature, CysC detection method, and detection time all have a significant impact on sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

CysC has high specificity and good sensitivity in diagnosing PCSAKI during the perioperative period, with better detection results 24 hours before surgery, making it suitable for early detection. However, whether and how CysC is commonly used in clinical diagnosis still requires further research and clinical trials.
Effects of food waste mulch on the physicochemical quality and fungal community diversities of desert soil in Southeast Iran
Authors: Hajhosseini Mahdi , Agha Kuchak Afshari Setareh , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi , Malakoutian Mohammad , Asghar Ebrahimi Ali , Azimzadeh Hamid Reza , Kalantar-Neyestanaki Davood , Bamorovat Mehdi
Published: November 2024

In semi-arid and arid regions, mulching with various materials is one of the highly significant ways to keep soil surface coverage. This approach helps efficiently reduce drought stress and soil erosion, thus preserving soil composition and ecosystem. The research aimed to pinpoint the physicochemical alterations and fungal diversity brought on by food waste mulch (FWM) in the desert soil. An experimental field assessment was conducted from early April (spring) to late August (summer) 2021 in the soil of the Jupar desert, the main watershed of the Central Plateau, southeastern Iran. The mulch was made from a combination of clay (70%), food waste (15%), and water and sprayed in 3 plots on the Jupar desert soil surface as a case group. Moreover, 3 plots of the Jupar desert soil and clay were selected as a non-mulch-controlled surface (control groups). The physicochemical changes were studied in all groups including FWM, desert soil, and clay. Besides, the samples were cultured and checked daily to determine the growth of fungal colonies. All fungal isolates were characterized to the species level by phenotypical and molecular methods. Sequence analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions was done. The statistical findings displayed that the physical and chemical characteristics of FWM (case group) were significantly different compared to clay and soil samples (control groups) (P<0.05). Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the fungal consortium showed that the most frequent filamentous and yeast fungi belonged to the Alternaria and Naganishia genera, respectively. Identified fungi are classified as growth-inducing and anti-pest fungi. This study showed that adding FWM of organic matter can cause partial variety in soil fungal diversity and stabilize the desert soil due to enriching the organic matter in eroding soils.
Training providers to implement heart failure shared medical appointments: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Hearns Rene , Ball Sherry L. , Wilkerson Tai-Lyn , Gee Julie , LaForest Sharon , Schaub Kimberley , Taveira Tracey , Wu Wen-Chih
Published: November 2024

Shared medical appointments (SMA) help patients learn skills to self-manage chronic medical conditions. While this model of care delivery is thought to improve access to care with an efficient use of healthcare providers’ time, many healthcare teams struggle to implement this healthcare model. Guidance and training resources on the implementation of SMAs is expected to improve adoption, implementation and sustainability of SMAs. Our evaluation team collaborated with the HF SMA trainer to complete a developmental formative evaluation of a two-day training program with a goal of adapting the training program and to better suit the needs and resources of healthcare teams interested in implementing HF-SMAs. Our evaluation team interviewed members of healthcare teams participating during each stage of training: pre-training, post-training, and post-implementation. The evaluation team also observed training sessions and reviewed minutes from debrief and training team meetings. Qualitative data collected from interviews, observations and document reviews were analyzed using matrix analysis with a focus on identifying potential adaptations to improve the HF-SMA training program. Data summaries were presented by the evaluation team to the training team for consideration. Training program participants found the training comprehensive, useful, and helpful; they highlighted how the trainers were experienced SMA providers who shared lessons learned. While participants found the training to be useful, opportunities for improvement, success of the virtual format and identified six adaptations: 1) the two-day training was reduced to short online modules, 2) curriculum was adapted to fit local site’s needs, 3) added periodic one-on-one coaching, 4) shifted training to focus on skills and knowledge needed for each team member requirements, 5) adapted curriculum provides for more team building during premeeting assignments, and 6) training had more information included. We offer/present an improved model for a HF-SMA training program. Future studies, potentially using comparative designs to measure success and sustainability are needed.
Distinct risk groups with different healthcare barriers and acute care use exist in the U.S. population with chronic liver disease
Authors: Wong Carrie R. , Crespi Catherine M. , Glenn Beth , Han Steven-Huy B. , Macinko James A. , Bastani Roshan
Published: November 2024

Background

The relationship between community-based healthcare barriers and risk of recurrent hospital-based care among persons with chronic liver disease (CLD) is understudied. We aimed to uncover distinct groups among adults in the United States with CLD based on healthcare barriers and risk-stratify recurrent acute care use by group.

Methods

Using National Health Interview Survey (2011 to 2017) data, we performed latent class analysis (LCA) to uncover groups experiencing distinct sets of healthcare barriers. We assessed sociodemographic and health characteristics and probabilities of recurrent acute care use by group.

Results

The sample included 5,062 (estimated 4.7 million) adults with CLD (median [range] age 55 [18–85]). LCA modeling differentiated 4 groups: minimal barriers (group 1) (n = 3,953; 78.1%), unaffordability (group 2) (n = 540; 10.7%), care delays (group 3) (n = 328; 6.5%), and inability to establish care (group 4) (n = 240; 4.8%). Group 2 had the most uninsured persons (n = 210; 38.9%), whereas group 3 was mostly insured (n = 305; 93.1%). Group 4 included the most adults under 65 years old (n = 220; 91.7%), females (n = 156; 65.1%), and persons with unemployment (n = 169; 70.6%) and poverty (n = 85; 35.3%). Compared to group 1, the likelihood of recurrent acute care use was highest for group 4 (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23–2.79 followed by group 3 (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.07–2.11) and group 2 (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.97).

Conclusion

US adults with CLD can be categorized into 4 distinct groups based on healthcare barriers, which are associated with different probabilities of recurrent acute care use. Findings from this study are important for future interventions to reduce potentially avoidable hospital-based care among the highest-risk persons with CLD.
Using youth-engaged research methods to develop a measure of disordered eating in transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse youth: Research protocol
Authors: Pham An , Webster Zoe , Jackson Melissa-Irene , Bean Melanie , Thomson Maria , Mazzeo Suzanne , Ahrens Kym
Published: November 2024

Transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse (TNG) youth experience disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) for reasons unique to their sociocultural positioning and the specific challenges they face, including gender dysphoria and societal beauty expectations of gender, cissexism, and lack of access to gender affirming medical care. The prevalence of DEBs is considerably and consistently higher in TNG youth compared to their cisgender peers. Nonetheless, there are no DEBs measures tailored to this population. Although the field of TNG DEBs research is quickly growing, gaps in knowledge remain, due, in part, to a lack of TNG input on research protocols focused on this population, and underrepresentation of TNG people in DEBs research. The goal of this research protocol is to develop and evaluate a community informed DEBs measure specific for TNG youth. We will implement youth-engaged research methods to create affirming, inclusive research protocols and optimize recruitment of subpopulations of TNG youth historically excluded from research (i.e., transfeminine youth of color and non-binary youth). A TNG youth advisory board of 5–7 members will participate in all research activities, including developing recruitment matrices, conducting qualitative analyses, developing survey items, interpreting results, and disseminating the scientific findings.
TMPRSS2 in microbial interactions: Insights from HKU1 and TcsH
Authors: Pan Zhengyang , Li Daoqun , Zhang Leiliang
Published: November 2024

Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), known primarily for its role as a protease, has emerged as a critical receptor for microbial agents such as human coronavirus HKU1 and exotoxin TcsH. HKU1 utilizes both sialoglycan and TMPRSS2 for cellular entry, where sialoglycan primes the spike protein for TMPRSS2 binding. TMPRSS2 undergoes autocleavage to enhance its affinity for the HKU1 spike, facilitating viral membrane fusion postcleavage. Interestingly, TMPRSS2’s catalytic function is dispensable for both HKU1 and TcsH interactions, suggesting alternative roles in pathogenesis. Structural insights highlight potential therapeutic targets against viral infections and cancers, leveraging TMPRSS2 interactions for drug development. Understanding the interplay between TMPRSS2 and microbes opens new avenues for targeting TMPRSS2 in developing treatments for infections.
Nonlinear response of RC column models under real earthquakes and axial loads
Authors: Guri Zijadin , Ristic Jelena , Ristic Danilo
Published: November 2024

This paper reports on original findings from advanced HYLSER-1 seismic tests conducted on steel-reinforced concrete column models subjected to simulated low and high axial loads. The study includes a comparative analysis of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) column models and composite-reinforced concrete (CRC) column models, using refined nonlinear analytical micro-models. The results demonstrate that earthquake intensity, axial load level, and concrete confinement are the primary factors influencing the complex hysteretic responses and failure of column models reinforced with either conventional steel bars or novel glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. These findings are crucial for enhancing the seismic design of alternatively reinforced columns subjected to severe earthquakes.
Novel Use of EndoFLIP to Characterize Kock Pouch Stricture Before and After Endoscopic Intervention
Authors: Choy Alexa M. , Pomenti Sydney , Katzka David A. , Shen Bo
Published: November 2024

Stricture formation is a common complication after restorative proctocolectomy and Kock pouch surgery. Endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) is a balloon catheter device that uses impedance planimetry to provide luminal pressure and dimension measurements. This case describes the first use of EndoFLIP to quantify the distensibility and diameter of a Kock pouch stricture before and after endoscopic balloon dilation and needle knife stricturotomy. EndoFLIP may be useful to more accurately define and quantify the technical success of endoscopic treatment of pouch strictures.
Dengue en pacientes con síndrome febril inespecífico en el Hospital Orlando Alassia, Santa Fe.
Authors: Müller Claudia , Bergero Juliana , Molet Alejandro , Morello Nicolas , Ezcurra Gustavo
Published: November 2024

El dengue es una enfermedad causada por un virus homónimo de la familia Flaviviridae, siendo actualmente la arbovirosis más importante en nuestro planeta, causando alrededor de cinco millones de infecciones anuales. En Argentina se presenta de forma epidémica estacionaria, produciendo en los últimos años un incremento sin precedente en las cifras de población afectada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia del dengue en pacientes pediátricos, que concurrieron a consulta, por síndrome febril agudo inespecífico, en el Hospital Doctor Orlando Alassia de la ciudad de Santa Fe, en el período comprendido entre enero 2014 y junio 2023. Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional, retrospectivo, presentando en primera instancia las características clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes con diagnóstico de dengue. Posteriormente, se analizaron las variables de internación y mortalidad en relación al sexo, edad, riesgo social, comorbilidades, hemoconcentración, trombocitopenia e hipertransaminasemia. Se computaron 56 casos pediátricos. La manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la fiebre, seguida por las náuseas y vómitos. Las alteraciones de laboratorios fueron trombocitopenia, leucopenia, neutropenia, hipertransaminasemia y linfocitosis. 11 pacientes tuvieron dengue con Signos de alarma. Se internaron 14 pacientes, con una media de 8,4 días de internación. No se registraron óbitos. Se halló relación significativa entre la evolución y la presencia de comorbilidades (p= 0,004). Se concluyó que el reconocimiento de signos de alarma, control hematológico y comorbilidades asociadas, resulta fundamental para detectar aquellos con riesgo de desarrollar dengue grave y ofrecerles tratamiento de soporte de forma precoz.
Análisis de casos de sífilis en consultorio del hospital público en la ciudad de San Javier entre 2021 y 2023
Authors: Vogt María José , Bet Julieta , Faggi Damiana
Published: November 2024

La sífilis, una creciente preocupación en Argentina, se ha expandido notoriamente en los últimos años. Este estudio analítico y cuantitativo buscó analizar los casos de sífilis en pacientes de 15 a 65 años, entre 2021 y septiembre de 2023, en el Hospital de San Javier, Santa Fe. Se destacó un aumento de los casos, especialmente en jóvenes de 15 a 24 años obteniendo estos el 56% de los diagnósticos positivos, con una clara relación entre la edad y la confirmación de casos. Se observó una alta positividad en mujeres, incluyendo embarazadas. El Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) fue la prueba más utilizada y muchos pacientes carecían de seguro médico. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de medidas preventivas, programas de educación sexual, acceso al sistema de salud y detección temprana en grupos de riesgo, particularmente en jóvenes y embarazadas.