bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSA Density and Lesion Volume: Key Factors in Avoiding Unnecessary Biopsies for PI‐RADS 3 Lesions
Authors: Ayranci Ali , Caglar Ufuk , Yazili Huseyin Burak , Erdal Feyzi Sinan , Erbin Akif , Sarilar Omer , Ozgor Faruk
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide prostate biopsies has improved cancer detection rates, particularly for high‐grade tumors. However, despite guidelines recommending biopsies for lesions with a Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score ≥ 3, the clinical significance of PI‐RADS 3 lesions remains uncertain. This uncertainty, coupled with the cost and potential complications of biopsies, underscores the need for more accurate risk stratification strategies to avoid unnecessary procedures. Prostate‐specific antigen density (PSAD) and index lesion volume are emerging as potential contributors to improve risk assessment.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone an MRI‐guided transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy at a tertiary care institution. Patients with PI‐RADS 3 lesions were included, and data on demographics, prostate‐specific antigens (PSA), PSAD, lesion diameter, and pathology results were collected. The relationships between PSAD, lesion volume, and pathology outcomes were statistically analyzed.

Results

Of the 213 patients included, 40 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. PSAD and PSAD x lesion diameter were significantly higher in the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer than those with benign lesions. Among the prostate cancer patients, clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) had a higher mean PSAD value than clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cisPCa). ROC analysis found PSAD x lesion diameter to have the highest discriminatory power for detecting csPCa.

Discussion

MRI‐guided biopsies offer targeted sampling but the clinical significance of PI‐RADS 3 lesions remains uncertain. Index lesion volume and PSAD are promising adjunctive markers for risk assessment. Combining these factors could facilitate the avoidance of unnecessary biopsies and improve the detection of csPCa.

Conclusion

Incorporating PSAD and index lesion volume into biopsy decision‐making may enhance risk stratification, particularly for PI‐RADS 3 lesions. Further research is needed to validate these findings and enhance the risk assessment strategies used in making decisions regarding prostate biopsy.
Nanostructured Ag‐MoS2 for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Youssef Khaled Al , Chauvin Adrien , Colomer Jean‐François , Das Arkaprava , Bittencourt Carla
Published: December 2024

This study discusses the influence of the morphological characteristics of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) substrates on the detection efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) via surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Commercially available MoS2 powder and vertically aligned (VA‐MoS2) synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique are compared. The MoS2 substrates are functionalized with silver nanoparticles Ag(NPs) through DC‐magnetron sputtering employing nitrogen as reactive gas. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to probe the morphology of the Ag‐ functionalized MoS2 powder and VA‐MoS2 samples. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates a significant enhancement in the SERS signal that can be attributed 1) to the MoS2 valence band alteration reinforcing the chemical mechanism and 2) to the enhanced electric field generated by the Ag(NPs). The VA‐MoS2 substrate decorated with Ag(NPs) exhibited a high enhancement factor of 3.5 × 108 and a low limit of detection of 10−12 m. The abundance of platelet edges, enhanced by the vertically aligned shape, offers a higher amount of strong and localized electromagnetic field formed between nanoparticle dimers located on the edges, leading to a pronounced enhancement of the SERS signal.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in human testis biopsies with defective spermatogenesis
Authors: Kothalawala Shashika D. , Günther Stefan , Schuppe Hans‐Christian , Pilatz Adrian , Wagenlehner Florian , Kliesch Sabine , O'Donnell Liza , Fietz Daniela
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Sperm morphology and motility are major contributors to male‐factor infertility, with many genes predicted to be involved. This study aimed to elucidate differentially expressed transcripts in human testis tissues of normal and abnormal spermatogenesis that could reveal new genes that may regulate sperm morphology and function.

Methods

Human testis biopsies were collected from men with well‐characterized phenotypes of normal spermatogenesis, spermatid arrest, and Sertoli cell‐only phenotype, and transcriptional differences were quantified by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered based on predominant expression in spermatids and gene functional annotations relevant to sperm morphology and motility. Selected 10 DEGs were validated by qRT‐PCR and the localization of two proteins was determined in testis biopsies.

Results

The analysis revealed 6 genes (SPATA31E1, TEKT3, SLC9C1, PDE4A, CFAP47, and TNC) that are excellent candidates for novel genes enriched in developing human sperm. The immunohistochemical localization of two proteins, ORAI1 and SPATA31E1, in testis biopsies, verified that both are expressed in developing human germ cells, with SPATA31E1 enriched in late spermatocytes and spermatids.

Conclusion

This study identified human germ cell‐enriched genes that could play functional roles in spermiogenesis and could thus be important in the development of morphologically normal, motile sperm.
Lipid droplet biogenesis in the ovary
Authors: Ibayashi Megumi , Tsukamoto Satoshi
Published: December 2024

Background

Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles consisting of a central core of neutral lipids covered by a single layer of phospholipids and are found in most eukaryotic cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that LDs not only store neutral lipids but also coordinate with other organelles for lipid metabolism within cells.

Methods

This review focuses on the synthesis of LDs during follicular development and highlights the factors involved in the regulation of LD biogenesis within the ovary.

Main Findings

In the mammalian ovary, the presence of LDs has long been recognized mainly by morphological analysis. However, their distribution in the ovary varies according to the region and cell type; for example, LDs are abundant in the medulla, which has a rich blood vessel network, in interstitial cells, which are the site of steroid production, and surrounding growing follicles, while they are poor in granulosa cells within follicles. LDs are also enriched in the corpus luteum after ovulation and massively accumulate in atretic follicles during follicular growth. Furthermore, LD synthesis is synchronized with angiogenesis during follicular development.

Conclusion

Addressing the functional link between LD biogenesis and angiogenesis is essential for understanding the molecular basis underlying LD biology, as well as the ovarian dysfunction with metabolic disorders.
Inflammatory responses in early pregnancy: Physiological and pathological perspectives
Authors: Negishi Yasuyuki , Morita Rimpei
Published: December 2024

Background

Several conditions such as infertility, repeated implantation failure, and recurrent pregnancy loss can pose challenges in early pregnancy. These issues can be caused by the abnormal inflammatory response with various factors, including exogenous and endogenous agents, and pathogenic and nonpathogenic agents. In addition, they can be exacerbated by maternal immune response to the abovementioned factors.

Methods

This review aimed to assess the detrimental inflammatory effects of chronic endometritis, endometrial microbiota disturbance, and maternal immune system abnormalities on early pregnancy. Further, essential details such as ovulation, implantation, trophoblast invasion, and placental formation, were examined, thereby highlighting the beneficial roles of inflammation.

Main Findings

Excessive inflammation was associated with various early pregnancy disorders. Meanwhile, a lack of appropriate inflammation could also contribute to the development of different early pregnancy complications.

Conclusion

Excessive inflammation and insufficient inflammation can possibly lead to abnormal conditions in early pregnancy, and appropriate inflammation is required for a successful pregnancy.
The Ethonomedical Profiles and Pharmacological Properties of Phytochemicals From Curcuma longa Linn. ‐ A Decade Update
Authors: Saha Sudipta
Published: December 2024

The rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant (Zingiberaceae family) turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains curcumin as a major pharmacologically active phytochemical which can alleviate many serious health issues such as inflammation, diabetics, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, hepatobiliary illness, diarrhea, gastric and peptic ulcers, and psoriasis. Its origins trace back to India, yet it's extensively grown in regions like China, Sri Lanka, West, and East Africa, as well as other tropical nations. Referred to as Jianghuang or Huangjiang in China, this plant plays a significant role in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) for therapeutic purposes. Recent study also reported that Curcuma longa bioactive substances possess neuroprotective activity, antiobesity activity, cardio protective activity, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities. The various bioactive phytochemicals present in C. longa is the hallmark of its bioactivity. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on C. longa in the animal model supports its ethonomedical activities of its numerous phytochemical constituents. Still the proper analysis of its fluctuating prospective is not applied into the emerging innovative treatments in finest situation. The full exploitation of the application and mechanism of action of various biologically active phytochemicals of C. longa has to be done. Although, human medical trials and quality control studies are essential to determine the adequate and innocuous quantity of C. longa and its key phytochemical curcumin along with other pharmacologically active phytochemicals for the management of various health issues. This review will offer platforms to the pharmaceutical industries to improve pharmaceutical materials based on turmeric. The added advantage is that the turmeric‐based natural products are safe, nontoxic, inexpensive, and widely available.
Design and Synthesis of Isatin‐1,2,3‐triazole Hybrids as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mohite Bhavika , Chabhadiya Bhadreshkumar K. , Kapadiya Khushal M. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Jauhari Smita
Published: December 2024

Isatin, a chemically defined indole‐1H‐2,3‐dione, is widely considered a desirable therapeutic fragment in the field of drug discovery. Similarly, the 1,2,3‐triazole ring is a major pharmacophore system among nitrogen containing heterocycles. Molecular hybrids comprising isatin and acyl azides functions linked by triazole rings were synthesized and tested for cytotoxic effects against sixty human cancer cell lines due to the drug resistance with most of the currently utilized anticancer medicines. The 1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids (8a–8j) were produced in high yields and with exceptional purity via Huisgen's 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition involving acyl azide, 7a–7j, and an Isatin‐based N‐alkyne 3 in the presence of water as the principal solvent and n‐Bu‐OH and DMF as cosolvents. compounds 8c, 8g, and 8hshowed highly effective growth inhibition against breast, leukemia, and melanoma cell lines, with mortality ranging from 6% to 99% and PGI = >70% in the majority of instances. While 8a and 8b showed weak to moderate action against all the tested cancer cell line and few compounds 8d, 8f, 8i, and 8j shows low activity. A molecular docking study against cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK2) could provide insights into the mechanistic basis of antitumor activity.
Boosting Carrier Mobility in Novel Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI)‐Based Triad Through π‐Conjugation Expansion
Authors: Ran Huijuan , Kang Kun , Wang Tongyi , Wang Jing Yao , Tang Xue , Hu Jian‐Yong
Published: December 2024

Enhancing the length of π‐conjugation in molecules represents an efficient strategy for fine‐tuning the optoelectronic characteristics of organic semiconductors. Nevertheless, this approach is infrequently conducted for small molecules with n‐type properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI)‐based small‐molecule semiconductor, NDTI‐BBTE, featuring a long benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐ylethynyl (BTE) end cap. NDTI‐BBTE exhibits good solubility in some common organic solvents and a LUMO energy level of −4.15 eV, promoting stable electron transport in ambient conditions. Compared to our previously reported NDTI‐BET with a thiophenylethynyl end cap, NDTI‐BBTE shows improved device performance, achieving a maximum electron mobility of 0.052 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ under identical conditions. The XRD and AFM measurements reveal that NDTI‐BBTE has lower d‐spacing and higher crystallinity than NDTI‐BTE. These results demonstrate that increasing π‐conjugation length of the molecules is a simple and effective strategy for designing solution‐processable, air‐stable n‐type organic semiconductors for printed electronics.
Does Allostatic Load in 50–89‐Year‐Olds Predict the Development of Frailty? Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study Over 12 Years
Authors: Arkesteijn Marco , Bennett Rachel , Davies Jennifer L. , Sumner Rachel C.
Published: December 2024

Frailty is characterised by a loss of function across several domains but is not an inevitable aspect of ageing and can be reversed with intervention. Determining those who are more likely to become frail before physical deficits become manifest will allow earlier intervention. One promising indicator of the potential for frailty is allostatic load, a physiological status associated with prolonged stress that is, characterised by multisystem dysfunction. Previous research has sought to understand the links between allostatic load and frailty, but has not yet explored whether allostatic load may be a predictive factor at younger ages and—if so—at what age it may be predictive. The present study sets out establish whether allostatic load can be used as a predictive indicator of frailty. Using the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA) data with an anticipated sample of 1500 people between 50 and 89 years old, time series analysis will determine if, and at what age, allostatic load may be predictive of pre‐frailty and frailty. The findings of these analyses may be supportive of early identification of frailty by establishing an age at which a diagnostic test for allostatic load may prove a critical indicator for future frailty.
From Hassles to Well‐Being: Unravelling the Mediating Role of Daily Affect
Authors: Toma Ana M. , Petre Dan , Iliescu Dragoș , Ion Andrei
Published: December 2024

This 5‐day diary study examined the impact of daily hassles on well‐being, with a focus on the mediating role of positive and negative affect. Previous research has extensively explored the effects of major life events on well‐being, yet the influence of minor daily stressors remains poorly understood. We employed a daily diary methodology with 218 participants, aged 18 to 56, who reported their daily hassles, affect and well‐being over five consecutive days. Results revealed that daily hassles significantly predicted both current and prospective well‐being, mediated by changes in affect. Specifically, at the within‐person level, negative affect increased and positive affect decreased in response to daily hassles, both contributing to reduced well‐being. At the between‐person level, only negative affect mediated this relationship. Our findings underscore the cumulative impact of minor daily stressors on well‐being, highlighting the importance of affective responses in this process. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how everyday stressors influence well‐being, emphasizing the need for strategies to manage daily hassles and enhance emotional resilience.
KMS States on $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$-Crossed Products and Twisted KMS Functionals
Authors: Correa da Silva Ricardo , Große Johannes , Lechner Gandalf
Published: December 2024

KMS states on

$${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-crossed products of unital

$$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras

$${\mathcal {A}}$$

A

are characterized in terms of KMS states and twisted KMS functionals of

$${\mathcal {A}}$$

A

. These functionals are shown to describe the extensions of KMS states

$$\omega $$

ω

on

$${\mathcal {A}}$$

A

to the crossed product

$${\mathcal {A}} \rtimes {\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

A
⋊

Z
2

and can also be characterized by the twisted center of the von Neumann algebra generated by the GNS representation corresponding to

$$\omega $$

ω

. As a particular class of examples, KMS states on

$${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-crossed products of CAR algebras with dynamics and grading given by Bogoliubov automorphisms are analyzed in detail. In this case, one or two extremal KMS states are found depending on a Gibbs-type condition involving the odd part of the absolute value of the Hamiltonian. As an application in mathematical physics, the extended field algebra of the Ising QFT is shown to be a

$${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-crossed product of a CAR algebra which has a unique KMS state.
AI through the looking glass: an empirical study of structural social and ethical challenges in AI
Authors: Ryan Mark , de Roo Nina , Wang Hao , Blok Vincent , Atik Can
Published: December 2024

This paper examines how professionals (N = 32) working on artificial intelligence (AI) view structural AI ethics challenges like injustices and inequalities beyond individual agents' direct intention and control. This paper answers the research question: What are professionals’ perceptions of the structural challenges of AI (in the agri-food sector)? This empirical paper shows that it is essential to broaden the scope of ethics of AI beyond micro- and meso-levels. While ethics guidelines and AI ethics often focus on the responsibility of designers and the competencies and skills of designers to take this responsibility, our results show that many structural challenges are beyond their reach. This result means that while ethics guidelines and AI ethics frameworks are helpful, there is a risk that they overlook more complicated, nuanced, and intersected structural challenges. In addition, it highlights the need to include diverse stakeholders, such as quadruple helix (QH) participants, in discussions around AI ethics rather than solely focusing on the obligations of AI developers and companies. Overall, this paper demonstrates that addressing structural challenges in AI is challenging and requires an approach that considers four requirements: (1) multi-level, (2) multi-faceted, (3) interdisciplinary, and (4) polycentric governance.
Genomic mosaicism in colorectal cancer and polyposis syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Moraes Francisco Cezar Aquino , Moretti Nayara Rozalem , Sano Vitor Kendi Tsuchiya , Ngan Cristiane Wen Tsing , Burbano Rommel Mario Rodríguez
Published: December 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and polypoid syndromes are significant public health concerns, with somatic mosaicism playing a crucial role in their genetic diversity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of somatic mosaicism in these conditions.

Methods

A search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to identify studies evaluating mosaicism in patients with CRC or polyposis syndromes. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine prevalence rates. Statistical analyses were performed using R software 4.3.

Results

A total of 27 studies, encompassing 2272 patients, were included in the analysis. Of these, 108 patients exhibited somatic mosaicism, resulting in an overall prevalence of 8.79% (95% CI 5.1 to 14.70%, I2 = 85; p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed a significantly higher prevalence of mosaicism in patients with APC mutations (OR 13.43%, 95% CI 6.36 to 26.18%, I2 = 87; p < 0.01). Additionally, mosaicism in MLH1 and MSH2 genes was observed at rates of 2.75% (95% CI 1.20 to 6.18%) and 9.69% (95% CI 2.98 to 27.24%), respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings support the growing recognition of mosaicism as a critical factor in CRC susceptibility and underscore the importance of incorporating mosaicism screening into routine genetic testing for at-risk patients.
Effectiveness and safety of VISULAS® green selective laser trabeculoplasty: 12 months retrospective data
Authors: Pillunat Karin R. , Kretz Florian T. A. , Koinzer Stefan , Müller Philipp , Pillunat Lutz E. , Klabe Karsten
Published: December 2024

To report the safety and effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) using the SLT mode of the VISULAS® green laser in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Twelve months results are presented. Retrospective extension in 4 German centers of an initially prospective interventional multicenter 3-month clinical investigation using the VISULAS® green SLT (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) in patients with POAG who either needed treatment escalation or commenced treatment and had an IOP ≥ 17mmHg at baseline, with no previous glaucoma or other ocular surgery. Non-overlapping laser spots (100) were applied in a single session to 360° of the trabecular meshwork (TM). Glaucoma medications were not changed up to the 3-month visit. From 3 to 12 months, patients were managed according to routine standard of care. Outcome measures included IOP reduction, further glaucoma interventions, and adverse events from baseline to month 12. 25 eyes of 25 POAG patients (mean age 65.8 ± 8.5; modified intention to treat – mITT –group) were included in the extension study. Six eyes (24%) underwent additional glaucoma treatment or changed glaucoma therapy; the remaining 19 eyes (76%) had stable glaucoma therapy (SGT group) with no further glaucoma intervention or change in glaucoma medications (mean number of preoperative glaucoma medications: 2.3 ± 1.34). In the SGT group, mean baseline IOP (mmHg) was reduced from 20.0 ± 2.11 at baseline to 17.4 ± 3.25 and 16.2 ± 1.83 at 6 to 12 months, respectively (p < 0.0001): 52.6% had ≥ 20% IOP reduction at 12 months. Potential device- or procedure-related adverse events were mild to moderate and resolved without sequelae. SLT performed with the VISULAS® green laser reduced IOP in eyes with POAG up to 12 months with no relevant safety issues. The results are comparable to other reported SLT studies.
Unsaturated hydraulic properties of recycled concrete aggregates blended with autoclaved aerated concrete grains for unbound road base materials in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Van Nam , Nguyen Tien Dung , Nguyen Hoang Giang , Kawamoto Ken
Published: December 2024

Understanding of hydraulic properties is necessary to evaluate the water infiltration and balance in a road course. An easily available hydraulic model can contribute to the design of urban flooding countermeasures and mitigation of urban heat islands by covering roads with pavements. Many studies have evaluated saturated hydraulic conductivity, but few studies of measurements and modeling of unsaturated hydraulic properties such as water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for roadbase materials have been done. Therefore, this study measured the unsaturated hydraulic properties of typical roadbase materials of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) using an evaporation method in the laboratory. To improve the water retention capacity, RCA blended with autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) grains were also used. The results showed that the Gardner–Campbell (GC) model described the hydraulic properties of tested roadbed materials well, and the inclusion of AAC grains increased the water-holding capacity effectively. As a case study, the GC model was incorporated into the Green–Ampt infiltration model to simulate the change in the infiltration rate over time. The simulated results analyzed the water infiltration characteristics well, and this approach would be a good tool to make a quick assessment of the infiltration process of roadbed materials.
Counting function estimates for coherent frames and Riesz sequences
Authors: Papageorgiou Effie , van Velthoven Jordy Timo
Published: December 2024

We prove various estimates for the asymptotics of counting functions associated to point sets of coherent frames and Riesz sequences. The obtained results recover the necessary density conditions for coherent frames and Riesz sequences for general unimodular amenable groups, while providing more precise estimates under additional localization conditions on the coherent system for groups of polynomial growth.
Domestic vs foreign superstars: comparative advantage and productivity spillovers
Authors: Rowley Thomas Michael
Published: December 2024

Superstar firms are seen as catalysts of comparative advantage and competition. This paper challenges this perception using Chinese firm-level data from 1998 to 2007, revealing that superstar firm dominance had an average negative impact on industry export competitiveness up to at least 2003. Concentration into foreign-owned superstars, however, had a positive influence on industry exports throughout the period. Heterogeneity according to how an industry was poised for growth further indicates a story of convergence as the Chinese economy developed. Moreover, this paper leverages an industry-specific shock to find unique and positive horizontal spillovers from superstar FDI on the productivity of local firms. These findings offer valuable insights into key aspects of China’s successful industrial policy during the height of its export-led growth. They particularly underscore the significance of firm ownership when applying the literature on superstar firms to emerging economies.
Pulmonary Impedance and Wave Reflections in Adults with Mitral Stenosis: Immediate and Follow-Up Effects of Balloon Valvuloplasty
Authors: Ting Chih-Tai , Chen Jaw-Wen , Chang Mau-Song , Yin Frank C.-P.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We compared adults with mitral stenosis (MS) to 8 controls (CONT) to see how pulmonary impedance and wave reflections differ at baseline and after balloon valvuloplasty.

Methods

We separated the MS patients into groups according to mean pulmonary artery pressure: moderate (MOD; ≤ 26 mmHg, n = 21) and high (HIGH; > 26 mmHg, n = 33). We made baseline high-fidelity measurements in all patients, in the MS groups after vasodilation with nitroprusside, immediately and 4 months after balloon valvuloplasty.

Results

Comparing MOD vs CONT, using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction, reveals evidence for higher baseline input resistance (R) (489 vs 205 dyne-sec/cm5, P = 0.07); first harmonic of impedance modulus (Z1) (97.3 vs 27.6 dyne-sec/cm5, P = 0.01); first zero crossing of impedance phase angle (F0) (4.49° vs 2.19°, P = 0.02) but no difference in wave reflection index (Pb/Pf). Baseline HIGH vs CONT comparisons reveal stronger evidence and larger differences than MOD for R (995 vs 205, P < 0.001); Z1 (151 vs 27.6, P < 0.001); F0 (5.25 vs 2.19, P < 0.001); as well as Pb/Pf (0.69 vs 0.42, P < 0.001). Responses to nitroprusside and valvuloplasty are also greater in the HIGH than MOD, but the HIGH parameters still differ from the CONT. Four months after valvuloplasty there is evidence for reverse remodeling in both groups. Further analyses reveal that sinus rhythm and younger age are potentially important factors for remodeling.

Conclusion

MS causes alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics that differ according to pressure levels. These changes are only partially reversed immediately after valvuloplasty. There is evidence for reverse remodeling 4 months afterwards.
Women Harmonizing Sustainability Practices for a Circular Bioeconomy: Can They Transform from Within Organizations?
Authors: Sanz-Hernández Alexia , Zarauz Irene , Jiménez-Caballero Paula , López Rodríguez María Esther
Published: December 2024

This paper is situated within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and addresses how women in organizational spaces with strongly values-driven practices can contribute to a more sustainable development in the implementation of a Circular Bioeconomy. Companies aligned with this model have a special responsibility to orient their practices towards comprehensive and fair sustainability if they want to align themselves with the policy frameworks of ecological transition. The article asks whether there is a harmonization of the environmental and social dimensions of practices in companies aligned with the circular bioeconomy and how the participation of women in management positions (in this case, white women, college-educated and non-disabled women) can promote transformative organizational change. Based on the theories of CSR practices, critical feminist perspectives, and social practices theory, a comparative ethnographic approach is used, applying a multi-method (participant observation, interviews, and documents) and multi-site analysis with four companies. The study extends the empirical evidence aimed at favoring the adoption of integrated sustainable practices in organizations. Future research could investigate broader intersectional dynamics to provide more detail on the heterogeneity of the experiences and practices of women or feminist actors and their influence on organizations.
Acculturative Family Distancing and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean American Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Family Conflicts
Authors: Park Yeddi , Park So-Young
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the associations among acculturative family distancing in communication and values, family conflicts (parent-adolescent conflict, interparental conflict), and depressive symptoms and the mediating effects of family conflicts in the associations between acculturative family distancing in communication and values, and depressive symptoms in KA adolescents. Path analysis was used to analyze data from a cross-sectional survey of 339 Korean American adolescents (Mage = 14.99, SD = 1.67; 53% female) residing in New York City and New Jersey. Measurements include the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale, Acculturative Family Distancing Youth Report Scale (AFD-YR), the Family Conflicts Scale (FCS), and the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. All path coefficients for the final model were statistically significant. There were significant mediating effects of parent-adolescent conflict and interparental conflict on the associations between acculturative family distancing in communication and values and depressive symptoms. The study suggests acculturative family distancing may be a contextual risk factor for depressive symptoms among KA youth. Additionally, greater acculturative family distancing may erode the strength and quality of family relationships. One of the objectives of this study was to test the AFD theory which identifies more problematic dimensions of intergenerational acculturation gap that increase risk for family conflict. The findings of the current study not only support but also build on the AFD theory by examining its relationship to both interparental and parent-adolescent conflicts.
Interpersonal Relationships and Physical Activity Across the Lifespan: A Qualitative Study with Older Adults
Authors: Shaffer Tasha M. , Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Tarabochia Dawn , Heriza Alice , Hojnacki Sophie
Published: December 2024

Research highlights the critical role of physical activity for older adults, who generally understand its importance for health maintenance. However, the influence of interpersonal relationships on physical activity requires further exploration. This study aimed to retrospectively examine older adults’ perceptions of their physical activity across four life stages (i.e., early life, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and older adulthood) and to assess how interpersonal relationships impacted their exercise at each stage. Nineteen older adults (8 men, 11 women) aged 60 and older, who reported engaging in physical activity for at least 30 min one to seven times per week, participated in this study. Data were collected through online surveys and in-depth interviews. Four themes were constructed through Coding Reliability Thematic Analysis: (a) physical activity trajectory over lifespan, (b) family of origin influence on physical activity, (c) chosen relationships as facilitators and barriers to physical activity, and (d) impact of parenting and grandparenting on physical activity. Participants perceived various interpersonal relationships influenced their physical activity through different mechanisms: modeling (e.g., parents), co-participation (e.g., siblings, romantic partners, children, grandchildren, friends), or observing health challenges related to inactivity experienced by close relations (e.g., parents, siblings, extended family) at different points in their lives.
The impact of the virtualization of scholarly conferences on the gender structure of conference contributors
Authors: Olechnicka Agnieszka , Ploszaj Adam , Zegler-Poleska Ewa
Published: December 2024

The underrepresentation of women in academic conferences is an underexplored aspect of gender disparity in science. This study aims to expand knowledge on this issue by investigating whether the virtualization of academic conferences in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic changed the gender structure of conference participants. We explored this question utilizing authorship data from the Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index for 180 conferences in 30 conference series held between 2017 and 2023, with a total number of 88,384 papers and 404,295 authors. At least one edition of each analyzed conference series was launched in a virtual or hybrid form. This sample enables a comparison of differences in the gender participation of conference authors while controlling for heterogeneity among conference series. Using linear and logistic regression models, we identified a positive difference in women’s involvement in virtual and hybrid conferences compared to onsite events. However, this effect was due less to the increased participation of women in virtual and hybrid conferences than to the decreased participation of women in the onsite editions of the analyzed conference series.
Metabolic response of Klebsiella oxytoca to ciprofloxacin exposure: a metabolomics approach
Authors: Ahmed Shwan , Shams Sahand , Trivedi Dakshat , Lima Cassio , McGalliard Rachel , Parry Christopher M. , Carrol Enitan D. , Muhamadali Howbeer , Goodacre Royston
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Rapid detection and identification of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility is essential for guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis.

Objectives

The metabolic response of clinical isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca exposed to different concentrations of ciprofloxacin (the second generation of quinolones antibiotics) were studied in order to investigate underlying mechanisms associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Methods

Metabolomics investigations were performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as a metabolic fingerprinting approach combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolic profiling.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that metabolic fingerprints provided by FT-IR analysis allowed for the differentiation of susceptible and resistant isolates. GC-MS analysis validated these findings, while also providing a deeper understanding of the metabolic alterations caused by exposure to ciprofloxacin. GC-MS metabolic profiling detected 176 metabolic features in the cellular extracts cultivated on BHI broth, and of these, 137 could be identified to Metabolomics Standards Initiative Level 2. Data analysis showed that 40 metabolites (30 Level 2 and 10 unknown) were differentiated between susceptible and resistant isolates. The identified metabolites belonging to central carbon metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and pyruvate metabolism. Univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that six of these metabolites (glycerol-3-phosphate, O-phosphoethanolamine, asparagine dehydrate, maleimide, tyrosine, and alanine) have a crucial role in distinguishing susceptible from resistant isolates (AUC > 0.84) and contributing to antimicrobial resistance in K. oxtytoca.

Conclusion

Our study provides invaluable new insights into the mechanisms underlying development of antimicrobial resistance in K. oxytoca suggests potential therapeutic targets for prevention and identification of AMR in K. oxytoca infections.
SPEI and SPI correlation in the study of drought phenomena in Umbria region (central Italy)
Authors: Venturi Sara , Dunea Daniel , Mateescu Elena , Virsta Ana , Petrescu Nicolae , Casadei Stefano
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the performances and correlation of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) from the perspective of supplying effective indicators for drought risk management prevention. Indices have been evaluated using long time series of precipitation and temperature data (from 1961 to 2020) gauged and validated in the land monitoring system of the Umbria region (central Italy). Results show how SPEI can evaluate better the drought phenomena, both in terms of occurred events and in terms of trends. In particular, SPEI can appreciate the effects of the increase in temperatures, which in the next years could be predominant in c limate change. Currently, the high correlation between SPEI and SPI (R2 > 0.8 and r > 0.9) makes possible the use of SPI instead of SPEI in drought analysis; however, this correlation, evaluated on the two times series 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, shows a decreasing tendency; then, it could be no longer reliable in the future. These results should lead to increasingly synergistic monitoring of rainfall and temperature data, limiting as much as possible the lack of temporal overlap of the two sensors at the gauging stations. The possibility of using ERA 5 reanalysis data was also explored for the years that presented severe droughts by comparing them to the station-based observations. While the temperature data is reliable, the total precipitation parameter seems less affordable, and then, other available gridded datasets, e.g., CHIRPS, MERRA2, and Terraclimate, should have to be considered to improve the modeled precipitation’s suitability.

Graphical abstract
Forbidden codon combinations in error-detecting circular codes
Authors: Fimmel Elena , Saleh Hadi , Strüngmann Lutz
Published: December 2024

Circular codes, which are considered as putative remnants of primaeval comma-free codes, have recently become a focal point of research. These codes constitute a secondary type of genetic code, primarily tasked with detecting and preserving the normal reading frame within protein-coding sequences. The identification of a universal code present across various species has sparked numerous theoretical and experimental inquiries. Among these, the exploration of the class of 216 self-complementary

$$C^3$$

C
3

-codes of maximum size 20 has garnered significant attention. However, the origin of the number 216 lacks a satisfactory explanation, and the mathematical construction of these codes remains elusive. This paper introduces a new software designed to facilitate the construction of self-complementary

$$C^3$$

C
3

-codes (of maximum size). The approach involves a systematic exclusion of codons, guided by two fundamental mathematical theorems. These theorems demonstrate how codons can be automatically excluded from consideration when imposing requirements such as self-complementarity, circularity or maximality. By leveraging these theorems, our software provides a novel and efficient means to construct these intriguing circular codes, shedding light on their mathematical foundations and contributing to a deeper understanding of their biological significance.
Knowledge gaps in legume diversity and distribution and prospects for future research
Authors: Fernandes Moabe Ferreira , Lewis Gwilym P. , Vatanparast Mohammad , Pezzini Flávia Fonseca , Brown Matilda J. M. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Cardoso Domingos , Pennington R. Toby
Published: December 2024

Despite significant advancements in legume (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) taxonomy, biogeography and phylogenetics, substantial knowledge gaps persist, limiting our ability to understand their diversity, evolutionary history and conservation needs. In this study we used a robust taxonomic backbone and information housed in publicly available biodiversity repositories to quantify global knowledge gaps within the legume family, focusing on the completeness of species inventory (Linnean shortfall), geographic coverage (Wallacean shortfall), and evolutionary representation (Darwinian shortfall). Our findings underscore that approximately 11% of legume species are yet to be described, with high concentrations in regions such as Iran, Northwestern China, Western Australia, Cape Provinces, and Northeast Brazil. The assessment of gaps in geographic coverage revealed that around 19.8% of legume species lack any occurrence record in public databases. Additionally, nearly 50% of species had fewer than ten occurrence records, and another 50% had incomplete geographic coverage relative to their known distributions. Significant geographic gaps were identified in Temperate Asia, particularly Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey. Furthermore, the limited availability of comprehensive DNA sequence data for key markers (ITS, matK, psbA, rbcL, trnL), with 52.5% of species lacking sequences for these markers, poses challenges for accurate phylogenetic inference, especially for clades from poorly sampled regions like South America and Temperate Asia. Addressing these gaps requires integrative approaches that combine herbarium collection assessments, targeted fieldwork, enhanced data integration across repositories, and advanced phylogenetic techniques. By prioritising these strategies, we can accelerate the pace of species discovery and refine biogeographical and phylogenetic understanding for this ecologically and economically important group of plants.
Towards the estimation of wall shear stress in smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Laha Sumanta , Fourtakas Georgios , Das Prasanta Kumar , Keshmiri Amir
Published: December 2024

Over the past few decades, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has emerged as an alternative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique, yet the estimation of wall shear stress lacks adequate standardisation. Wall shear stress is a critical metric in numerous applications, and hence, this is the focus of this paper. The present study proposes a novel SPH-based method for estimating wall shear stress using velocity data from the fluid particles adjacent to the wall. Wall shear stress is then calculated at the wall based on the wall shear stress data of the neighbouring fluid particles. For laminar flow, wall shear stress is estimated directly from velocity gradients, while for turbulent flow, the Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES) model with eddy viscosity is used. The results obtained from the model are rigorously validated against experimental, simulation and analytical data, confirming its effectiveness across different flow conditions. This validation highlights the reliability of the proposed model for fluid dynamics and bio-fluid mechanics research.
Mapping sustainable development goals to citizen science projects–a comparative evaluation of automatic classifiers
Authors: Santos Patricia , Amarashinghe Ishari , Calvera-Isabal Miriam , Schulten Cleo , Ulrich Hoppe H. , Roldán-Álvarez David , Martínez-Martínez Fernando
Published: December 2024

Traditional data sources provide insufficient knowledge for measuring the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Data related to SDGs are sourced primarily from global databases maintained by international organizations, national statistical offices and other government agencies. Recent studies show the value of using data from Citizen Science (CS) for assessing the SDGs. There is an important online presence of CS programs, professional networks for CS and online communities of citizen scientists, leading to the generation of several CS platforms. In this context, the role of computational data science is key. This paper explores and exemplifies opportunities for combining web-data mining techniques and automatic classifiers to enhance the understanding of the inter-relation between CS and the SDGs. An analysis of different automatic classifiers is presented by comparing the results obtained from their application in a sample of 208 CS project descriptions. The results of this study indicate the benefits and limitations of these techniques (nCoder, ESA, OSDG and BERT), but also provides a discussion of the potential benefits of using data from CS projects to map the 17 SDGs.
The global security initiative and China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation
Authors: Song Qingrun , Wang Bin
Published: December 2024

The Global Security Initiative (GSI) has provided significant thought inspiration and guidance for both traditional and non-traditional security governance in today’s world, and China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has provided a representative example of how the GSI can be practiced and implemented. China and Thailand have friendly relations, share similar security cooperation concepts, and have many common interests in terms of non-traditional security challenges. Subsequently, the two countries have carried out extensive bilateral and multilateral cooperation in areas such as maintaining financial security, combating transnational crime, resolving public health problems, and responding to climate change and natural disasters. The China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has yielded fruitful results. In addition to these dynamics, bilateral non-traditional security cooperation also has shortcomings and challenges, including irregular cycles in some areas of collaboration, a low degree of mechanization in certain collaboration, inadequate intellectual support, and the complexity of great power competition which causes some impact for China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation. China–Thailand non-traditional security cooperation has enhanced the security and mutual trust between the countries, boosted bilateral cooperation and development, provided an example for non-traditional security cooperation between China and other countries, and promoted regional and global security and development.