bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Multi‐Objective Workflow Scheduling Model in Cloud Environment Based on Adaptive Mutation Strategy
Authors: Ye Tao , Cui Zhihua
Published: February 2025

In the cloud computing environment, workflow scheduling presents a significant challenge due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of user demands and cloud resources. To address the complexities of workflow scheduling, this paper introduces a dynamic multi‐objective workflow scheduling model that comprehensively considers task completion time, load balancing, as well as dynamic changes in power consumption and cost in real‐world scenarios. To effectively solve this model and better adapt to dynamic multi‐objective optimization problems, we propose a dynamic reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm (DRVEA). The proposed algorithm incorporates an adaptive random mutation strategy, which dynamically adjusts the evolutionary process based on changing optimization goals, thereby enhancing convergence and solution diversity. Experimental results, obtained from both workflow scheduling simulations and standard multi‐objective test environments, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods, achieving superior results in both solution quality and adaptability.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Imbalanced Advanced Security Network Metrics and Non‐Payload‐Based Obfuscations Dataset to Detect Intrusion
Authors: Matin Neda , Lighvan Mina Zolfy , Farzi‐Veijouyeh Najibeh
Published: February 2025

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are essential for identifying and preventing cyber threats in modern networks. However, improving their adaptability and responsiveness to unforeseen threats remains a significant challenge. Among the various datasets available for NIDS, the ASNM dataset holds particular significance due to its rich diversity of network traffic traces, including detailed labels for legitimate traffic, direct attacks, and obfuscated network attacks. Despite its potential, the ASNM dataset has been relatively underexplored in existing research, presenting an opportunity for further investigation and application in the development and benchmarking of advanced NIDS models. In this paper, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture designed for network intrusion detection, which autonomously learns patterns and anomalies directly from raw network data. Unlike traditional methods that rely on handcrafted features or predefined signatures, the proposed CNN dynamically adapts to detect both known and obfuscated attacks. The quality and balance of the dataset used to train NIDSs are critical, as imbalanced data can skew detection results and significantly impact overall system performance. To address this, we introduce an innovative preprocessing technique to mitigate class imbalances, ensuring more accurate classification across all categories, including under‐represented attack types. The proposed CNN architecture was rigorously tested against decision trees, neural networks, and k‐nearest neighbor classifiers, demonstrating superior performance. The model achieved a True Positive Rate (TPR) of 99.43% and an average recall of 99.26% on a balanced dataset, significantly outperforming traditional models. Furthermore, the preprocessing method improved the TPR by 62% and 83% on datasets with and without obfuscated samples, respectively, highlighting its effectiveness in addressing dataset imbalances and improving detection accuracy. In conclusion, the combination of the ASNM dataset's comprehensive attack scenarios and the dynamic feature‐learning capabilities of the proposed CNN represents a significant advancement in intrusion detection technology.
Cascade Ownership Verification Framework Based on Invisible Watermark for Model Copyright Protection
Authors: Wang Ruoxi , Zhu Yujia , Daoxun Xia
Published: February 2025

Successfully training a model requires substantial computational power, excellent model design, and high training costs, which implies that a well‐trained model holds significant commercial value. Protecting a trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) model from Intellectual Property (IP) infringement has become a matter of intense concern recently. Particularly, embedding and verifying watermarks in black‐box models without accessing internal model parameters, while ensuring the robustness and invisibility of the watermark, remains a challenging issue. Unlike many existing methods, we propose a cascade ownership verification framework based on invisible watermarks, with a focus on how to effectively protect the copyright of black‐box watermark models and detect unauthorized users' infringement behaviors. This framework consists of two parts: watermark generation and copyright verification. In the watermark generation phase, watermarked samples are generated from key samples and label images. The difference between watermarked samples and key samples is imperceptible, while a specific identifier has been injected into the watermarked samples, leaving a backdoor as an entry point for copyright verification. The copyright verification phase employs hypothesis testing to enhance the confidence level of verification. In image classification tasks based on MNIST, CIFAR‐10, and CIFAR‐100 datasets, experiments were conducted on several popular deep learning models. The experimental results show that this framework offers high security and effectiveness in protecting model copyrights and demonstrates strong robustness against pruning and fine‐tuning attacks.
Approaching the Lower Temporal Limit of Laser‐Produced Plasma Sources for Table‐Top Soft X‐ray NEXAFS Measurements
Authors: Nimlos Danika , Arellano Alejandro , Cushing Scott
Published: February 2025

The increasing popularity of time‐resolved X‐ray absorption measurements for understanding dynamics in molecular and material systems has led to many advances in table‐top sources for pulsed X‐rays. We report on a table‐top laser‐produced plasma (LPP) source that can perform soft X‐ray (SXR), near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements using a laser source with 23 ps pulse duration. The spectrometer's key specifications, such as brilliance, resolution, and stability, are characterized against the more commonly used longer‐pulse‐duration LPP sources. The 23 ps laser produced approximately an order of magnitude weaker SXR flux than the 8 ns laser due to the smaller total energy absorbed by the plasma. The increased repetition rate, as well as the use of a high line‐density X‐grating, and a self‐referencing scheme still allowed for NEXAFS measurements of Si3N4 and TiO2 thin films with 2.5 minute acquisition times, a resolving power of E/ΔE = 424, and a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 100. It was observed that degradation of the gas jet nozzle led to long‐term instability of the source, which can be remediated using alternative nozzle designs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving higher temporal resolution in future time‐resolved X‐ray absorption measurements using table‐top LPP sources.
Proton changes the rules of the game: insight into the nature of "proton sponges"
Authors: Kizior Beata , Szatyłowicz Halina , Krygowski Tadeusz M. , Panek Jarosław J. , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Jezierska Aneta
Published: February 2025

There are cases when a small change, such as capture of a simple particle, has a significant impact on the molecular properties. This indeed happens with the “proton sponges”. We show how the substituent effect (SE) and the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) modulate the properties of 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene, its protonated form and their 4‐X substituted derivatives. The following substituents have been chosen: X= H, NO, NO2, CN, CHO, Cl, F, CH3, OCH3, OH and NH2, placed in the para position relative to the N(CH3)2 group. The HOMA index was applied to study changes in the aromaticity of the naphthalene moiety. The strength of the IHB was estimated by Espinosa‐Molins‐Lecomte equation. QTAIM and IRI were employed to investigate differences in electronic structure and non‐covalent interactions caused by substitution. Finally, SESE and cSAR were computed to evaluate the SE characteristics. NBO analysis was carried out to evaluate the SE influence on the lone pair of nitrogen atoms. We have shown that the presence of a strong intramolecular HB significantly weakens the substituent effect. For electron‐donating substituents, the SE was found to have a greater influence than hydrogen bonding in the DMANH+ series. The opposite result was obtained for electron‐withdrawing substituents.
Fast and Efficient Red‐absorbing Photoswitching Proteins Based on Flavin–Ligand Charge Transfer Complexes
Authors: Zhuang Bo , Liebl Ursula , Vos Marten , Sliwa Michel
Published: February 2025

Recently a novel class of reversible protein photoswitches has been discovered that is based on a charge transfer (CT) complex composed of the flavin cofactor and a substrate‐analogue inhibitor molecule in the family of sarcosine oxidase flavoproteins. Here, excitation of the CT band results in barrierless dissociation of the CT complex on the femtosecond timescale followed by its thermally activated reformation, on the timescale of a few nanoseconds at ambient temperature. The photoreaction is thought to involve a well‐defined isomerization of the inhibitor without its dissociation from the protein. This reaction occurs with an unusually high quantum yield (~80%), is initiated by absorption in the red part of the visible absorption spectrum, and leads to a photoproduct absorbing in the blue spectral region (negative photochromism). Therefore, this class of photoswitches can be considered a promising template for developing a new class of fast negative photochromic compounds for Life Science applications provided the lifetime of the photoproducts (‘light state’) can be prolonged. Potential future developments will be discussed.
Cannabis prevention is suicide prevention
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

An article in Psychiatric News published in January summed up mounting evidence linking the use of cannabis by young people to depression and suicide. Quoting experts from the annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), the article looks at the expanded types of products, increasing potency, and legalization are contributing to “unprecedented exposure to young people during a critical period of brain development,” said Jesse D. Hinckley, M.D., associate clinical professor of psychiatry and co‐founder of the addiction biology laboratory at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, at the meeting. “Cannabis prevention and early intervention are suicide prevention,” Hinckley said. “There's an even greater need for these programs in states that have passed recreational or medical cannabis laws, where youth cannabis use is more prevalent.”
AAP urges caution in diagnosing, treating PANS
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) last year released a clinical report on Pediatric Acute‐Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Noting that PANS is “likely” a valid diagnosis, the AAP was concerned about the lack of evidence to guide clinicians in diagnosing it. And the validity of the diagnosis itself, therefore, isn't always clear.
Digital Three‐Port Resonant Converter Applied to Microphotovoltaic Power Generation Systems
Authors: Tang Sheng‐Yi , Chang Yong‐Nong , Liao Ding‐Sheng
Published: February 2025

In this study, a digital triple‐port resonant converter (DTRC) is proposed for the voltage regulation of a system comprising a microphotovoltaic power generation system (MPVPGS), a lithium‐ion battery pack, and a DC bus. To enhance power generation, the maximum power point tracking perturb and observe (MPPT‐P&O) was applied. The circuit comprised a dual active bridge converter, a CLLLC resonant tank, a dual boost converter, and isolated and nonisolated 3P2Z controllers. For battery pack charging by the MPVPGS, symmetrical pulse‐width modulation (PWM) and synchronous switching were used to increase the output voltage and reduce current stress on the switches. For power supply to the DC bus, asymmetrical PWM and interleaved switching were used to achieve zero‐voltage and zero‐current switching, reducing input current ripple; this solution is a simpler method of output voltage control than conventional variable frequency control (VFC) by resonant converters. For battery discharging to the DC bus, VFC was used to adjust the output voltage, and zero‐voltage and zero‐current switching was achieved. This paper presents the operating principles, characteristics, design considerations, and control strategies of the 3P2Z controllers for DTRC. Moreover, a 2‐kW prototype circuit was constructed, and the operating characteristics were confirmed in the battery charging, battery discharging, and DC power supply scenarios.
Validity of one‐time assessments for identifying prodromal Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Kovacs Cynthia M. , Lee Joseph H. , Listwan Tracy A. , Pang Deborah I. , Schupf Nicole , Tycko Benjamin , Zigman Warren B. , Silverman Wayne
Published: February 2025

Introduction

New Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments have created an urgent need for accurate early diagnosis of high‐risk adults with Down syndrome (DS), distinguishing prodromal DS‐AD symptoms from lifelong cognitive impairments. Often, clinicians will need to evaluate dementia status during a single assessment, and here we describe empirically supported methods effective under such circumstances.

Methods

Archived data collected between 1987 and 2017 included longitudinal findings for 144 individuals maintaining cognitive stability and 126 developing prodromal DS‐AD. Response operating characteristic analyses compared groups, defined by the presence/absence of prodromal DS‐AD, for a single assessment.

Results

Groups differed on all measures without adjusting for developmental history, 0.717 < areas under the curve < 0.859, Ps < 0.0001. The balance between sensitivity and specificity improved slightly when developmental histories were considered.

Discussion

The present study demonstrated that one‐time assessments can inform clinical judgments when diagnosing adults at risk for DS‐AD. Knowledge of developmental history is valuable but non‐essential.

Highlights

Non‐overlapping distributions were observed for preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) groups.

Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve analyses were in the acceptable to excellent range for all measures.

Performance was sensitive to both the severity of intellectual disability and the stage of Down syndrome‐AD progression.

Episodic memory tests were sensitive to the transition from preclinical to prodromal AD.

Performance results at a single time point can inform dementia status decisions.
Natural language processing in Alzheimer's disease research: Systematic review of methods, data, and efficacy
Authors: Shakeri Arezo , Farmanbar Mina
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is increasing, with no current cure. Natural language processing (NLP) offers the potential for non‐invasive diagnostics, social burden assessment, and research advancements in AD.

METHOD

A systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines explored NLP applications in AD, focusing on dataset types, sources, research foci, methods, and effectiveness. Searches were conducted across six databases (ACM, Embase, IEEE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) from January 2020 to July 2024.

RESULTS

Of 1740 records, 79 studies were selected. Frequently used datasets included speech and electronic health records (EHR), along with social media and scientific publications. Machine learning and neural networks were primarily applied to speech, EHR, and social media data, while rule‐based methods were used to analyze literature datasets.

DISCUSSION

NLP has proven effective in various aspects of AD research, including diagnosis, monitoring, social burden assessment, biomarker analysis, and research. However, there are opportunities for improvement in dataset diversity, model interpretability, multilingual capabilities, and addressing ethical concerns.

Highlights

This review systematically analyzed 79 studies from six major databases, focusing on the advancements and applications of natural language processing (NLP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.

The study highlights the need for models focusing on remote monitoring of AD patients using speech analysis, offering a cost‐effective alternative to traditional methods such as brain imaging and aiding clinicians in both prediagnosis and post‐diagnosis periods.

The use of pretrained multilingual models is recommended to improve AD detection across different languages by leveraging diverse speech features and utilizing publicly available datasets.
Beyond Income Disparities: Perceived Health and Education Inequities Drive Actions to Reduce Economic Inequality
Authors: Soler‐Martínez Francisco Miguel , García‐Sánchez Efraín , Willis Guillermo B.
Published: February 2025

Perceiving income disparities has a limited impact on attitudes towards reducing economic inequality. In this research, we proposed a novel and alternative strategy by focusing on other aspects intrinsically related to economic inequality, such as unequal access to health and education resources. We investigated whether recognizing inequality in health and education, beyond income disparities, could motivate people to reduce economic inequality. In four preregistered studies (NStudy1 = 513, NStudy2 = 1536, NStudy3 = 443, NStudy4 = 400), we showed that perceived economic inequality in health and education, over and above perceived income disparities, leads to greater intolerance towards inequality and increased support for redistributive policies and collective actions. Our findings suggest that heightened awareness of economic inequality in aspects meaningful for individuals’ lives, such as health or education, may foster support for redistributive policies and engagement in collective actions to mitigate such disparities.
Effect of Secondary Channel Structure Based on Serpentine Microchannel Liquid Cooling Plate on Cooling Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Zunlong , Shen Haobo , Ding Lekang , Wang Shaoqi , Ren Yahao , Wang Changliang
Published: February 2025

The serpentine microchannel cold plate is widely used in the liquid cooling of lithium‐ion batteries due to its high space utilization and excellent heat dissipation performance. Adding secondary channels to the serpentine microchannel can improve the cold plate's performance. The traditional parallelogram and herringbone secondary channels do not consider the changing state of fluid flow in the secondary channels. Based on the serpentine microchannel structures, the rhombus and circular secondary channel structures are proposed. And the influence of the fluid vortex inside the secondary channel on the performance of the cold plate is studied, and the performance is compared with that of the parallelogram and herringbone secondary channel structures. Then, the effect of the depression distance, width, relative position, and coolant flow velocity of the secondary channel on the performance of the cold plate is further studied by single‐factor analysis using the 3D conjugative numerical simulation method. The results show that the parallelogram structure has the greatest heat transfer potential, and the rhombus structure has excellent performance in pressure drop and comprehensive performance. Compared with the original structure, the pressure drop of the optimized cold plate is reduced by 88.67%, and the overall performance is improved by 5.29 times.
Fuzzy Clustering of Circular Time Series With Applications to Wind Data
Authors: López‐Oriona Ángel , Sun Ying , Crujeiras Rosa María
Published: February 2025

In environmental science, practitioners often deal with data recorded sequentially along time, such as time series of wind direction or wind speed. In this context, clustering of time series is a useful tool to carry out exploratory analyses. While most of the proposals are focused on real‐valued time series, very few works consider circular time series, despite the frequent appearance of these objects in many disciplines. In this manuscript, a dissimilarity for circular time series is introduced and used in combination with a soft clustering method. The metric relies on a measure of serial dependence considering circular arcs, thus taking advantage of the directional character inherent to the series range. The clustering approach is able to group together time series generated from similar stochastic processes. Some simulations show that the method exhibits a reasonable clustering effectiveness, outperforming alternative techniques in many contexts. Two interesting applications involving time series of wind direction in Saudi Arabia show the potential of the proposed approach.
Analytical Study on the Predictability of Controlled Rocking Frame and Podium Systems
Authors: Zaki Marawan , Zhong Chiyun , Christopoulos Constantin
Published: February 2025

While rocking systems are increasingly researched and developed as a promising approach to achieving seismic resilience, several studies have identified the unpredictability of their dynamic response as an obstacle to their wider adoption. Despite a significant body of literature which has identified and studied the chaotic behaviour of unenhanced rocking frames, other studies have shown that practical applications of controlled rocking systems demonstrate a more predictable response that is similar to that of more conventional yielding systems. This paper examines the differences between these two bodies of work and identifies parameters shown to improve rocking predictability. Subsequently, a perturbation study conducted on a controlled rocking podium system subjected to historic ground motions is employed to study the influence of each parameter on the predictability of such systems. The results reveal that adding supplemental damping, increasing the contribution of the superstructure properties on the rocking system behaviour and limiting the rocking rotation effectively reduce the sensitivity of rocking systems to perturbations in the rocking parameters. In addition, adding auxiliary stiffness was found to be a viable method to improve the stability of these systems but did not significantly enhance predictability.
Numerical Study on Flow and Thermal Characteristics of High‐Voltage Molten Salt Electric Heater Applied in Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Qiu Yujie , Yu Miao , Liu Keliang , Wu Dazhuan , Shi Yuegang
Published: February 2025

The overheating phenomenon is a common issue in molten salt electric heaters (MSEHs), significantly limiting their application in large‐scale energy storage systems. To address this, a three‐dimensional analysis model of a high‐voltage resistance MSEH is developed using ANSYS Fluent. This study focuses on the overheating issue in the molten salt, investigating the fluid flow and temperature distribution within the electric heater. A multi‐zone heating method is proposed, and the heating proportions of different zones are examined in detail. Based on this, the influence of structural parameters is analyzed. The results demonstrate that the multi‐zone heating method eliminates the overheating phenomenon in the MSEH and improves temperature uniformity. The maximum temperature of the MSEH decreases from 622.6°C to a maximum of 583.4°C with the multi‐zone heating method. The optimal heating proportion of 80‐20/2.0 results in a maximum temperature that is only 14.9°C higher than the outlet temperature. The analysis of structural parameters offers valuable guidance for MSEH design. This study successfully suppresses local overheating in the MSEH, efficiently evaluates heating capacity, and ensures system safety. Therefore, this work provides significant insights for MSEH design and promotes its application in large‐scale energy storage systems.
Integrating Anticipatory Governance and Causal Layered Analysis: A Novel Theoretical Framework for Long‐Term Socioeconomic Development Forecasting
Authors: Ngo Quoc Dung , Hoang Vu Hiep , Tran Thi Van Hoa
Published: February 2025

This research advances the theoretical foundation of futures studies by developing an innovative methodological framework that integrates anticipatory governance (AG) and causal layered analysis (CLA). Contemporary challenges in long‐term Socioeconomic development forecasting necessitate more sophisticated analytical approaches capable of addressing increasing complexity and uncertainty. Through systematic synthesis of AG's governance mechanisms with CLA's multi‐layered analytical framework, this study establishes a comprehensive methodology for understanding and shaping future trajectories. The research employs a sophisticated mixed‐methods approach, combining quantitative economic analysis with qualitative societal assessment across multiple analytical layers. The findings reveal significant theoretical and practical implications through the framework's enhanced capability for simultaneous consideration of immediate governance requirements and deeper societal transformations. The integrated framework demonstrates particular utility in scenario development, yielding four distinct future trajectories ranging from low growth to transformative change. The preferred scenario, characterized by adaptive change, projects substantial economic advancement whilst maintaining social cohesion and environmental sustainability. This research contributes to both theoretical advancement and practical application in futures studies, providing policymakers with sophisticated tools for navigating complex socioeconomic challenges. The framework's emphasis on combining systematic governance approaches with deep cultural analysis establishes a foundation for more nuanced understanding of development trajectories in emerging economies.
Regional Resource Evaluation and Distribution for Onshore Carbon Dioxide Storage and Utilization in Uzbekistan
Authors: Kamolov Azizbek , Turakulov Zafar , Norkobilov Adham , Variny Miroslav , Fallanza Marcos
Published: February 2025

Addressing the escalating threat of climate change requires a global response, with significant actions from every nation. Uzbekistan, a member of the Paris Agreement, is actively pursuing sustainable development by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting renewable energy. However, the country's Green Economy strategies currently lack Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCUS) technology. A feasibility assessment is crucial to evaluating CCSU's potential for achieving net‐zero emissions, benefiting both the public and scientific communities by informing policy decisions, and providing valuable data. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate Uzbekistan's potential for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage and utilization (CSU) in the near and mid‐term. To achieve this, this work proposes a methodology for efficient CO2 source‐sink matching to facilitate the deployment of CCUS technologies in Uzbekistan. Resource evaluation and spatial analysis methods are used to estimate the total CSU capacity of the region and the geographical distribution of CO2 sources in two large‐scale emitting sectors, specifically from the power and cement plants. According to the results, Uzbekistan has an annual CSU capacity of 1171 million tons CO2, which is several times higher than the annual CO2 emission rate. Additionally, CSU resources are primarily located in the eastern, western, and southern regions of the country, whereas CO2 sink locations near the capital city and its surrounding areas are limited compared to their abundance of CO2 sources. Overall, although the country has ample CO2 storage capacity for CCUS deployment, the prospects for its chemical utilization remain limited in scale. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of HSV‐1/HSV‐2 and CMV Infections in Infertile Men and Their Impact on Sperm Parameters: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Iran
Authors: Salar Seyed Mansour , Edalat Fahime , Letafati Arash , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Javanmardi Fatemeh , najafi Ahmad , vakili Mahmoud , Moattari Afagh
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Viral infections are significant contributors to infertility. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV‐1/HSV‐2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in men with infertility, compared to a control group of fertile men.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with seminal fluid samples from 100 fertile and 100 infertile men, aged 20–40 years, referred to Yazd Infertility Center. DNA extraction was done using the AmpliSens kit, and the presence of CMV and HSV‐1/HSV‐2 was determined via real‐time PCR. Sperm parameters (count, quick & slow, motility, morphology, and volume) were also assessed and compared to the control group.

Results

CMV infection was found in 16% of fertile and 10% of infertile men. HSV‐1/HSV‐2 prevalence was significantly higher in infertile men (32%) compared to fertile men (8%). Abnormal sperm count was significantly associated with HSV status (p = 0.001), as was abnormal morphology (p = 0.021), while abnormal quick & slow, motility and volume showed no significant association. Data analysis indicated no correlation between sperm parameters—including sperm quick & slow, motility, count, morphology, and semen volume—and CMV infection.

Conclusion

HSV infection is linked to sperm‐specific parameters, particularly count and morphology. These findings enhance our understanding of viral‐induced male infertility and underscore the need for targeted approaches to manage HSV‐1/HSV‐2‐related infertility.
Demystifying cervical endometriosis: A case series and systematic review
Authors: Verma Shailja , Reis Ines , Potdar Neelam
Published: February 2025

Background

Cervical endometriosis (CE) is an uncommon diagnosis with a paucity of evidence on its management.

Objective

To examine 10 years of data to identify CE cases and to conduct a systematic review to evaluate evidence for managing CE.

Search Strategy

Cases of CE were obtained retrospectively via a pathology coding system. Literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (1949–2022).

Selection Criteria

Studies on diagnoses and management of CE were included, and those with retrospective diagnosis of CE on histology and no further management were excluded.

Data Collection and Analysis

An Excel spreadsheet was used for data collection. Two independent authors went through individual cases, extracting and analyzing data.

Main Results

In case series, women presented with intermenstrual bleeding (IMB)/post‐coital bleeding (PCB) n‐25, (30%), followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) n‐24, (29%), dysmenorrhea n‐12, 12%, and/or dyspareunia (12%). In all, 44% had an initial cervical biopsy confirming CE diagnosis and 48% had CE on hysterectomy specimen. Main reasons for hysterectomy were AUB (36%) and fibroids/adenomyosis (28%). In the systematic review, 1737 studies were identified from databases, 181 were assessed for eligibility, and 14 studies discussed individual case reports and case series specifically on treating CE. Nine full‐text and abstract studies were available to identify potential treatment options for CE. Treatments were based predominantly on presentation at time of diagnosis.

Conclusion

Findings from case series suggest that CE was the main diagnosis in women who had a hysterectomy for AUB or had a cervical biopsy for PCB/IMB. Investigations should be considered to rule out CE to have the potential for conservative alternative treatment rather than major surgery. There is no clear guidance on managing CE and good‐quality studies are required to provide conclusive treatment options.
Research on 5G Signal Frequency Offset Estimation Method Based on Fully Connected Layer Network
Authors: Xu Ouyang , Ma Junkai , Xu Dan , Chen Jin
Published: February 2025

For the problem that carrier frequency offset in the 5G communication system leads to the inability of the demodulation end to correctly recover the original information sequence, a 5G signal frequency offset estimation method based on the fully connected layer network is proposed. The transmission signal adopts the 64QAM high‐order modulation mode, establishing the nonlinear mapping relationship between the IQ two‐channel signals and the frequency offset. The frequency offset value is estimated by training the model, and the frequency offset compensation is performed at the receiving end for demodulation. After simulation tests, it can achieve a 100% correct rate of frequency offset estimation under the condition of a 20 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio, and the estimation accuracy is 0.1 Hz.
Evaluating athletic field cutting height and playability
Authors: Thoms Adam W. , Dickson Kyley H. , Lindsey Alex J. , Messer Zackary W.
Published: February 2025

Sports field managers are often requested to lower height‐of‐cut (HOC) on playing surfaces by coaches so that players can run faster, but data are lacking to prove this. A study was performed at the University of Tennessee and Iowa State University to investigate the effects of HOC on Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) field performance and athletic field playability characteristics. Three HOCs (2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 cm) were maintained throughout the growing season and were subjected to 10 simulated games. Percent green cover was tracked after every simulated game with digital image analysis, while surface hardness was measured before games and after every five games. Traction values were tested before and after the simulated games. Percent green cover did not differ by HOC but did decline with increasing games from 98% to 49%. Surface hardness increased with increasing traffic but were never over 100 GMAX. The 2.54‐cm HOC resulted in greater force on the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) before and after traffic compared to the 7.62‐cm HOC. Traction values were minimally affected by the HOC and traffic. Forces applied to the MTP from the surface did increase with more games. Overall, there was minimal impact from Kentucky bluegrass being mowed at either 2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 cm on turfgrass wear, surface hardness, rotational resistance, and traction.
“Unveiling the ‘Empty Pool/Pull’”: Gambling Disorder's Impact on the Sense of Belonging to the Jewish Ultra‐Orthodox Community
Authors: Vana Noa , Gavriel‐Fried Belle , Itzhaki‐Braun Yael
Published: February 2025

Closed religious communities cultivate a robust communal identity, shared faith, values, and norms among their members, providing them with social and emotional support. Deviance carries significant consequences, specifically disintegrating members’ sense of belonging. Gambling disorder (GD) is characterized by harmful gambling behaviors that negatively affect individuals’ lives. While gambling is a prevalent recreational activity, within closed religious communities, addiction, including GD, is viewed as a violation of religious teachings, values, and communal norms. This study explores GD's impact on the sense of belonging of Jewish Ultra‐Orthodox men and their spouses in Israel. This research employed constructivist grounded theory, interviewing twenty‐two men with GD and eleven spouses and uncovered two complementary themes. The first, “Depleting versus replenishing of the personal aspects of sense of belonging,” elucidates GD's different effects on the men and spouses’ sense of belonging. The second, “Paying the toll,” illuminates the emotional experiences and actions of the men and the spouses in reaction to societal conditional negative regard directed at them, disintegrating the sense of belonging of the men, but also that of the spouses who did not deviate from communal norms. The paper introduces the novel concept of “an empty pool/pull,” portraying these individuals’ limbo state. The “empty pool” represents the depletion of faith, adherence to religious commandments, and communal values for the men, while the “empty pull” signifies the inclination of the men and the spouses to conform amid the community's unfulfilled promise of protection. The study advocates for further research and offers clinical insights for therapists.
Do the early social environment and persistent peripartum depressive symptoms shape toddlers' expressive language?
Authors: Tu Hsing‐Fen , Forssman Linda , Fransson Emma , Skalkidou Alkistis
Published: February 2025

Background

Extensive research suggests that peripartum depression is a risk factor for children's early language development. Yet, previous research on this association shows mixed results, often lacking information on the persistence of depression and the social context. This population‐based cohort study addresses this gap by investigating the longitudinal influence of peripartum depressive symptoms on toddlers' expressive language. Specifically, we systematically examined the influences of timing, severity, and persistence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum on child expressive language development, while accounting for important social and environmental factors.

Methods

This study is part of a prospective, population‐based investigation conducted within the follow‐up Uppsala Birth Cohort study in Uppsala, Sweden. The final analysis included 2176 mother‐infant dyads (1122 boys, mean age = 18.3 months, SD = 0.7). Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed at gestational weeks 17 and 32 and at postpartum six weeks and six months, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (cut‐off >12). At 6 months postpartum, mothers were also invited to fill out the Postnatal Bonding Difficulty Questionnaire. At 18 months postpartum, mothers completed the Language Development Survey, which assessed expressive vocabulary and word combinations. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between peripartum depressive symptoms and child language development. Adjusted models incorporated background and social context variables to account for potential confounding factors.

Results

Depressive symptoms during prenatal and postnatal periods were not significantly associated with language outcomes. Our final model identified negative associations with second‐born status, family history of late talkers, countryside residence, and maternal age at childbirth. Positive correlations were found for sex (girl) and pregnancy length. The final model explained 8.4% of the variance (F(22, 1566) = 6.525, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that persistent depressive symptoms were not significantly related to language outcomes (Kruskal‐Wallis test: H = 2.227, df = 2, p = 0.21).

Conclusions

Our findings found no negative link between peripartum depressive symptoms and expressive language in toddlers, even after considering timing, severity, and persistence. While no immediate direct negative influence of peripartum depressive symptoms was observed, the long‐term cumulative effects later in life remain unclear.
Distribution analysis of structural properties of native porcine humerus–rotator cuff–scapular complex using universal testing machine
Authors: Takahashi Tsuneari , Sasanuma Hideyuki , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an original mechanical testing setup including the humerus, myotendinous junction and scapula designed to assess the structural properties of rotator cuff attachments in large animals and determine optimal conditions.

Methods

Eight domestic pigs (age, 4–6 months; weight, 30–52 kg) without genetic modifications were euthanized under intubated general anaesthesia control. The scapula–supraspinatus tendon complex with the humerus was excised as a single unit. A device was developed on a universal testing machine to pull in the direction of the tendon's path. After preconditioning at 5 N for 30 s, the composite was stretched to failure at 50 mm/min, and the failure mode was observed. The normality of each structural property was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Student's t test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare whether the structural properties vary in failure modes.

Results

Nine shoulders (56%) ruptured at the humeral attachment; in the remaining seven, the tendon was pulled out from the scapula, leading to rupture. The maximum load and elongation at failure showed normality, whereas the yield load and linear stiffness did not show normality. The mean (standard deviation) maximum load and elongation at failure were 346.4 (99.2) N and 43.1 (12.2) mm, respectively. The median (first and third quartiles) yield load and linear stiffness were 81.2 (63.0, 121.6) N and 15.8 (14.8, 17.5) N/mm, respectively.

Conclusion

This mechanical testing system is useful for evaluating the structural properties of porcine rotator cuff attachments and should be additionally evaluated by cyclic testing.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Changes in riverine dissolved organic matter caused by gypsum‐induced flocculation
Authors: Elovaara Samu , Zhao Lingbin , Asmala Eero , Kaartokallio Hermanni , Thomas David N.
Published: February 2025

Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is increasingly used to bind P to soil on agricultural fields, which mitigates eutrophication caused by runoff of excess PO43− fertilizers into adjacent aquatic environments. Gypsum also binds dissolved organic matter (DOM) to soil particles. Gypsum that gets into fresh water after field applications may result in enhanced particle formation by DOM flocculation and alter C transfer in rivers draining agricultural catchments. We tested the potential effects of gypsum additions on DOM cycling by adding concentrated gypsum solution into river water before subjecting it to controlled mixing to increase particle collisions and flocculation. Gypsum addition increased the amount of suspended particulate matter in river water three to four times higher than in controls without gypsum. The flocs contained a relatively high amount of minerogenic particles. Gypsum‐induced flocculation removed colored dissolved organic matter which, together with removal of minerogenic particles, may result in increased water clarity. Gypsum addition and the associated changes in the DOM pool did not affect microbial growth or DOM processing, suggesting that flocculation did not target the labile fraction of the DOM pool. While acknowledging that the responses detected in our study might depend on the region, we propose that the changes in riverine DOM cycling caused by gypsum application results in either no changes or slightly positive changes to the water quality of the rivers and should not be considered an obstacle for eutrophication prevention using gypsum applications.
Independent Sets of Random Trees and Sparse Random Graphs
Authors: Heilman Steven
Published: February 2025

An independent set of size in a finite undirected graph is a set of vertices of the graph, no two of which are connected by an edge. Let be the number of independent sets of size in the graph and let . In 1987, Alavi, Malde, Schwenk, and Erdős asked if the independent set sequence of a tree is unimodal (the sequence goes up and then down). This problem is still open. In 2006, Levit and Mandrescu showed that the last third of the independent set sequence of a tree is decreasing. We show that the first 46.8% of the independent set sequence of a random tree is increasing with (exponentially) high probability as the number of vertices goes to infinity. So, the question of Alavi, Malde, Schwenk, and Erdős is “four‐fifths true,” with high probability. We also show unimodality of the independent set sequence of Erdős–Rényi random graphs, when the expected degree of a single vertex is large (with [exponentially] high probability as the number of vertices in the graph goes to infinity, except for a small region near the mode). A weaker result is shown for random regular graphs. The structure of independent sets of size as varies is of interest in probability, statistical physics, combinatorics, and computer science.
Stroke mimicを呈した低カリウム血症性ミオパチーの1例(Hypokalemic myopathy which mimicked a stroke: A case report)
Authors: 成人 石川 , 慶多 髙橋 , 広幸 竹内
Published: February 2025

急性期脳梗塞は画像診断と治療の進歩により迅速な診断と治療が可能となっているが，脳卒中症状を呈する症例の中には，脳血管障害以外の疾患が原因となっている場合がある。今回，stroke mimicを呈した低カリウム血症性ミオパチーの症例を経験したので報告する。症例は75歳の男性，左上下肢を有意とした筋力低下により体動困難となったため救急搬送された。搬送時，脳卒中が疑われたがmagnetic resonance imaging（MRI）では脳梗塞像は認めず，著明な低カリウム血症（血中カリウム濃度1.6mEq/L）とcreatine kinase（CK）の上昇（CK 328U/L）を認め，低カリウム血症性のミオパチーによる筋力低下が疑われた。入院後，右上下肢の筋力低下も増悪し，嚥下障害を来して誤嚥・窒息により気管挿管，人工呼吸器管理を要した。その後，カリウム補正とともに速やかに筋力低下は改善した。ホルモン検査を含めた各種検査に異常はなく，低カリウム血症性ミオパチーと診断した。通常，低カリウム血症性ミオパチーは左右対称性に発症するが，稀に本症例のような非対称の症状を来す場合や，時間差をおいて症状が出現することがある。Stroke mimicを呈する場合は低カリウム血症を含めた電解質異常も鑑別が必要であり，治療開始後も臨床症状の経時的変化に注意することが重要である。
寒冷曝露によりアナフィラキシーショックを呈した1例(A case of anaphylactic shock caused by cold exposure)
Authors: 駿 石川 , 賢彦 海田 , 佑也 田中 , 剛二 落合 , 芳裕 山口
Published: February 2025

寒冷曝露によるアナフィラキシーの報告は稀有であり，今回冷気への曝露および冷水の飲水を契機にアナフィラキシーショックを呈した症例を経験したので報告する。症例は20歳代の女性，小児期に寒冷蕁麻疹と診断されたが内服はしていなかった。午前11時頃外気温は23℃であったが布団から出てすぐに喉の違和感，呼吸苦，全身の掻痒感を自覚した。その後冷蔵庫に入っていた冷水を飲んだ直後に眼瞼浮腫，耳閉塞感を自覚し自ら救急要請し当院に搬送された。来院時皮膚・粘膜症状，呼吸器症状に加えて収縮期血圧が60mmHgであり，アナフィラキシーショックと診断しアドレナリンおよび抗ヒスタミン薬，ステロイドを投与し2相性反応のリスクを考慮し，経過観察目的に集中治療室へ入室とした。その後は症状の再燃なく眼瞼浮腫，口唇浮腫に関しても徐々に改善を認めたため翌日に退院とした。退院後は当院皮膚科外来に通院しアドレナリン自己注射薬の所持および抗ヒスタミン薬を内服し，経過観察されている。本症例は，アナフィラキシーを呈する他の誘因がなく，温かい布団からの離床と冷水を飲んだ直後より発症しているため寒冷曝露によりアナフィラキシーショックに至ったと考えられた。入院後も眼瞼，口唇浮腫が残存していたのは，点滴を加温せずに使用したことが影響していた可能性があった。原因が判然としないアナフィラキシーの誘因として寒冷暴露の可能性を念頭においておく必要がある。
山岳・海難救助事案における救助ヘリコプターの傷病者搬送プロトコル化による医療機関直接搬送の効果：単施設後ろ向き観察研究(Effectiveness of direct transport to hospitals by rescue helicopters in mountain and marine casualty rescue cases with protocols for patient transport: A single–center, retrospective observational study)
Authors: 主基 出内 , 敬一朗 山川 , 世奈 三島 , 勝一朗 山口 , 夏生 上村 , 忠幸 本多 , 慶 西山
Published: February 2025

【目的】傷病者を救助ヘリコプターで搬送する際のプロトコルを確立することによる，山岳・海難救助事案における医療機関への直接搬送の有効性を単施設後ろ向き観察研究で検証した。【対象】2012年10月31日から2023年12月31日までに新潟県消防防災航空隊・新潟県警察航空隊によりヘリコプターで救助され，新潟県東部ドクターヘリ運航管理室に情報提供された56例を対象とした。プロトコル運用前9例，運用後25例が解析対象となった。【結果】プロトコル運用前にドクターヘリが現場直近のランデブーポイントで接触した患者では，救助完了から病院到着までは37 [IQR; 20 – 51] 分を要したが，プロトコル実施後に救助ヘリコプターで基地病院へ直接搬送した患者では10 [9 – 15] 分（p < 0.01）であった。救助完了から医師接触までの時間は，プロトコル実施前は11 [7 – 15] 分であったが，プロトコル実施後は10 [9 – 15.5] 分（p = 0.51）であった。【結語】救助ヘリコプターで医療機関へ直接搬送するプロトコルの導入は，医師接触時間を遅延させることなく病院到着時間を大幅に短縮し，ドクターヘリが対応困難な山岳・海難救助事案において有効であった。
Preparing students to work with Spanish‐speaking populations
Authors: Vázquez Maylee , Reyes Ana Guadalupe , Garcia Mia , Parker Morgan
Published: February 2025

In the following qualitative study, researchers explored the impact of a culturally and linguistically responsive counseling course in Spanish and its impact on participants (N = 3) at a Historically Black College and University counseling program. The course aimed to prepare students to work with Spanish‐speaking populations. The researchers identified three themes that reflected counselors’ training experiences during the course.
CEO Servant Leadership and Organizational Profitability: A Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Liden Robert C.
Published: February 2025

Servant leaders emphasize serving others before themselves. Emerging evidence indicates that servant leadership results in a variety of positive outcomes, including favorable job attitudes and enhanced job performance. Extending this line of research, we examine how and when CEO servant leadership benefits the organizational bottom line (e.g., organizational profitability). Drawing upon multisource data from 102 organizations, our ordinary least squares regression analyses reveal that CEO servant leadership is associated with workforce obligation, subsequently leading to enhanced organizational profitability, particularly when workforce exchange ideology is high. The findings suggest that workforce obligation serves as an important mediating mechanism, while workforce exchange ideology acts as a critical boundary condition for the performance effect of CEO servant leadership. This research provides new insights as to how and why servant leadership relates to organizational financial performance.