bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’absentéisme scolaire, « une équation à trois inconnues ». Le Relais Étudiants Lycéens, un modèle de traitement bref
Authors: Ferveur Christophe , Monchablon Dominique
Published: February 2020

L’absentéisme et a fortiori le décrochage scolaires imposent l’exploration clinique d’une souffrance psychologique sous-jacente. La consultation thérapeutique allie en même temps l’investigation, le soutien empathique et l’élucidation, en conjuguant leurs effets thérapeutiques. La prise en charge groupale offre des perspectives plurielles simultanées génératrices d’un processus dynamique de formulations d’hypothèses nouvelles et de découverte de soi. La brièveté du traitement vivifie l’évolution du processus thérapeutique.
Islamic Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Hamidi M. Luthfi , Worthington Andrew C.
Published: February 2020

The Indonesian banking sector has been stable and generally sound over the past decade, partly through efforts by the Bank of Indonesia as Indonesia's central bank and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan as its financial services regulator. This chapter identifies important issues that remain for both conventional and Islamic banking in Indonesia. Authors suggest the government continue its efforts to reform what remains a geographically concentrated industry, to increase the role of bank credit in the economy, and to widen the provision of banking services through technology. Authors highlight the vulnerability of smaller banks in Indonesia to ongoing competitive market pressures and the necessity of creating larger banks through merger or capital raising and improving credit allocation to small and medium-sized businesses. Islamic banking has an important role to play in these developments, and those relating to Islamic social banking.
Participative Banking in Turkey
Authors: Altınırmak Serpil , Şahin Cumhur , Karamaşa Çağlar , Okoth Basil Oluch
Published: February 2020

Islamic banks were established as private financial institutions in Turkey based on a law enacted in 1983. Private financial institutions succeeded to have equal rights with commercial banks subject to banking law in 2001. The name of private financial institutions was changed to participation banks in 2005 because of being insufficient in terms of Islamic banking transactions. This chapter includes a performance analysis of participation banks listed in Turkey by considering the efficiency and profitability ratios within the period of 2007-2016 using interval-valued pythagorean fuzzy AHP based fuzzy TOPSIS. Three participation banks, Albaraka Türk, Türkiye Finans, and Kuveyt Turk, were examined for the mentioned period.
Determinants of Islamic Banking in Africa
Authors: Fauzel Sheereen
Published: February 2020

The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 depicted that conventional banking has many weaknesses. Hence, there has been much debate on the strength of Islamic banking to confront such crises. There are various advantages of using Shari'ah-compliant financial products pointed out by researches. Moreover, people who abide by their religious belief are mainly those who demand such financial services. But research relating to the determinants of Islamic banking is scant. This chapter examines the determinants of Islamic Banking in Africa over the period 2005-2018. The result shows that if the share of the Muslim population is high compared to other religions, Islamic banking is better diffused. Furthermore, important determinants of Islamic banking obtained from the results are the growth rate of the country and the extent to which the financial system is developed. Interestingly, it is observed that interest rate affects the diffusion of Islamic banking as it represents an opportunity cost.
Ownership Risk in Contemporary Islamic Banking
Authors: Asadov Alam I.
Published: February 2020

The unwillingness of contemporary Islamic banks to undertake real business risks has left many to ponder on whether the objectives laid down by the industry's founders have been realized. The need for real risk taking by Islamic banks is critical to justify the profits they earn in the forms of margins, rents, or service charges. This chapter analyzes issues relating to ownership risk (ḍamān al-milkiyyah) in Islamic banking by examining three of its popular products, namely Murabahah (mark-up sale), Ijarah (leasing), and Musharakah Mutanaqisah (diminishing partnership). Following close scrutiny, the chapter concludes that principles of ownership risk as laid down in Fiqh Muamalat (law of transactions) are violated in each of the studied products. Unfortunately, the problem extends beyond these products to include a number of other Islamic financial products. The author calls for closer attention to this important Shari'ah concept of ownership risk in designing Islamic finance products and offers some policy recommendations to improve the current situation.
Banking Governance
Authors: Adam Mohamad , Muizzuddin
Published: February 2020

This chapter discusses governance in the context of Islamic banking. The discussion begins with various theories that underlie the concept of governance and empirical research in the application of governance. The theory and empirical research become the necessary foundation to understand the perspective of governance in Islamic banks. Both conventional banks and Islamic banks use governance as a control mechanism in providing some value addition by increasing protection of depositors' and investors' rights, facilitating access to finance, reducing capital costs, improving operational performance, and also improving the health of institutions against external/market shocks. This concept is basically in line with Chapra and Ahmed (2002), in that the primary concern in Islamic law is closely related to the idea of fair protection of the rights of all stakeholders, regardless of shareholders.
Shari'ah Governance and Audit Assurance in Islamic Banks
Authors: Ahmad Nor Faezah Ghazi , Abdul-Rahman Aisyah
Published: February 2020

This chapter is about two major components namely Shari'ah audit (SA) and Shari'ah compliance (SC). The chapter evaluates the role and function of Shari'ah audit and Shari'ah committee and observes to what extent the Shari'ah audit helps in reducing Islamic banks' risk exposure. Five banks were chosen to answer the research questions; and five Shari'ah officers from different groups of respondents, who are involved directly in the process of Shari'ah compliance/auditing in Malaysian Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs), were interviewed. Findings of the in-depth interviews revealed that the Shari'ah Governance Framework (SGF) positively impacts SA. The research shows that the functions of Shari'ah audit are more specific and covers all aspects. It should possess good knowledge, both of Shari'ah and accounting/auditing. The majority of the respondents agreed that Shari'ah non-compliance risk in IFIs is minimal.
Exploring the Use of Indigenous Languages in Antenatal Care Sessions Among Mothers in Lagos State
Authors: Ogunyombo Oludare Ebenezer , Bello Semiu
Published: February 2020

This chapter examines the use of indigenous languages during antenatal care (ANC) sessions among mothers in Lagos state. Authors investigate factors that influence the use of indigenous languages, the most preferred mode of presentation, and how the languages affect reception, participation, and knowledge of mothers on safe motherhood practices. Using in-depth interviews with nurses and observations during the ANC sessions, the study found that indigenous languages engender participation and are effective in building self-esteem, trust, and confidence of mothers. Songs in the indigenous language, particularly Yoruba language, help mothers retain and recall safe motherhood messages easily. Mothers generally demonstrate their understanding during the question and answer sessions, while also serving as agents of information reinforcement among themselves using indigenous languages. In view of the occasional need for interpreters, the study recommends that health workers should be encouraged to take courses in indigenous languages within their region as a second language.
Indigenous Communication and Traditional Health Practices Among the Yoruba During Pregnancy, Child Delivery, and Baby Caring
Authors: Taiwo Victor 'Tunji
Published: February 2020

Communication is a vital aspect of human existence. It pervades man's existence and society, forming an integral part of human life. Communication is the means through which human beings express their feelings. Indigenous communication serves as the traditional means of conveying messages, all social and value exchanges of indigenous practice like the health practices. Traditional health practices include the use of knowledge skills, practices based on indigenous belief, experiences of culture used in maintenance of health-prevention, treatment and diagnosis in traditional health practices. This chapter examines and documents traditional health practices on how Yorùbás care for pregnancy, child delivery, and their babies. Such traditional health practices have existed since before the advent of modern health practices, thereby using indigenous communication for preservation and dissemination of valuable information that is significant for Yorùbá generations.
Indigenous Language Media, Communication, and Sickle Cell Disorder
Authors: Oredola Opeyemi Olaoluwa , Oyesomi Kehinde Opeyemi , Peter Ada Sonia
Published: February 2020

The importance of health communication and information cannot be over emphasized especially with issues related to sickle cell disorder. Sickle cell disorder, common among Africans, has a lot of myths and misconceptions tied to it, so this chapter unearths and explores how indigenous communication can facilitate learning and understanding of the disorder majorly in rural areas and some urban areas where knowledge of the disorder is assessed low using the focus group discussion. It also reveals the importance of incorporating indigenous language and communication techniques in increasing awareness and eradicating stereotypes as regards sickle cell disorder. The findings of this chapter reflect that misinformation occurs due to lack of proper understanding of language used in sickle cell health communication-related issues. Hence, this chapter proposes that health education about the concept of SCD should be executed majorly in indigenous languages and through the indigenous media platforms.
Potentials of Indigenous Media Campaign Against HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ogundoyin Olayinka Susan
Published: February 2020

HIV/AIDS has become a challenge to every society all over the world. The indigenous media could serve as channels through which information dissemination about knowledge; prevention and treatment are used as weapons to curtail its devastating effect. Despite the advancement in media technologies, information about HIV/AIDS is still limited in the rural areas, as they seemed marginalized because of their socio-economic status as well as their literacy level. Therefore, this chapter examines how the grassroot media can be utilized effectively to reach the indigenous people in a way that their cultural values will reflect in all media campaign against HIV/AIDS. It was observed that health messages about HIV/AIDS could be disseminated effectively using the various indigenous media. Health message designers are therefore implored to take advantage of these indigenous media to generate local contents which could consequently be disseminated through the mediums of radio and television for wider reach.
A SWOT Analysis of Indigenous Language Use in Agricultural Radio Programming in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyeye Babatunde , Amodu Lanre , Oscar Odiboh , Omojola Oladokun , Adesina Evaristus , Ben-Enukora Charity Amaka
Published: February 2020

This chapter investigates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of indigenous language use in agricultural radio programming in Nigeria within the theoretical frame of diffusion of innovations as well as the theory of planned behaviour. This discourse affirms existing assertions that using indigenous languages in agricultural radio programming can guarantee farmers' access to information on issues of agro materials, utility applications, support accessories, funding, technology, conservation, marketing, and pedagogy. The study concludes that indigenous language use in agricultural radio programming engages agricultural programme producers and farmers through their opinion leaders. It recommends that the use of indigenous languages in agricultural radio programming in Nigeria should continue. However, the country's agro policy should protect all farmers irrespective of cultural or ethnic divides; and specifically cater to the needs of minority ethnic groups of farmers.
Corporate Communication, Indigenous Languages, and Community Relations
Authors: Ekanem Thelma , Olatunji Rotimi Williams , Amodu Lanre , Odiboh Oscar , Oyero Olusola
Published: February 2020

This conceptual work examines corporate communication as a tool for coordinating universities' internal and external messages in Nigeria. It explores universities' attempts to harness, link-up, and interact with their publics. This chapter presents effective corporate communication as the unifying principle in many institutional decisions. It emphasizes that sometimes, universities' efforts to communicate effectively and profitably with their host communities end up in futility especially where indigenous language is a key environmental factor. University-neighbour relationship globally ought to be symbiotic and mutually-reinforcing. This chapter reviews scholarly commentaries on corporate communication, the relevance of indigenous language to community relations; and highlights in conclusion, the implications for universities in neglecting indigenous language during community engagements. It recommends that universities should motivate their employees to apply indigenous languages in enhancing understanding between the institutions and their host communities.
The Exploration of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Gephardt Anthony J. , Wang Elizabeth Baoying
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores the world of autonomous vehicles. Starting from the beginning, it covers the history of the automobile dating back to 1769. It explains how the first production automobile came about in 1885. The chapter dives into the history of auto safety, ranging from seatbelts to full-on autonomous features. One of the main focuses is the creation and implementation of artificial intelligent (AI), neural networks, intelligent agents, and deep Learning Processes. Combining the hardware on the vehicle with the intelligence of AI creates what we know as autonomous vehicles today.
Realizing IoE for Smart Service Delivery
Authors: Mahmud Umar , Hussain Shariq , Malik Arif Jamal , Farooqui Sherjeel , Malik Nazir Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Widespread use of numerous hand-held smart devices has opened new avenues in computing. Internet of things (IoT) is the next big thing resulting in the 4th industrial revolution. Coupling IoT with data collection, storage, and processing leads to Internet of everything (IoE). This work outlines the concept of smart device and presents an IoE ecosystem. Characteristics of IoE ecosystem with a review of contemporary research is also presented. A comparison table contains the research finding. To realize IoE, an object-oriented context aware model is presented. This model is based on Unified Modelling Language (UML). A case study of a museum guide system is outlined that discusses how IoE can be implemented. The contribution of this chapter includes review of contemporary IoE systems, a detailed comparison, a context aware IoE model, and a case study to review the concepts.
Lower Memory Consumption for Data Transmission in Smart Cloud Environments With CBEDE Methodology
Authors: França Reinaldo Padilha , Iano Yuzo , Monteiro Ana Carolina Borges , Arthur Rangel
Published: February 2020

Smart telecoms will deliver lasting improvements to business productivity and enduring consumer benefits that raise the quality of life by enabling telecommuting, telemedicine, entertainment, access to e-government, and a wealth of other online services. And we'll need next-generation digital platforms on which telecom providers can create and deliver all kinds of services. Therefore, this chapter develops a method of data transmission based on discrete event concepts. This methodology was named CBEDE. Using the MATLAB software, the memory consumption of the proposed methodology was evaluated, presenting the great potential to intermediate users and computer systems, ensuring speed, low memory consumption, and reliability. With the differential of this research, the use of discrete events applied in the physical layer of a transmission medium, the bit itself, being this to low-level of abstraction, the results show better computational performance related to memory utilization, showing an improvement of up to 79.89%.
The Knowledge and Learning Potential of Outsourcing
Authors: Edvardsson Ingi Runar , Durst Susanne
Published: February 2020

This chapter consists of a review of 42 refereed articles on outsourcing in relation to knowledge management and learning. Among the knowledge and learning potentials of outsourcing in organisations are to focus on core competencies, organisational learning, shorten production cycles, improve quality, and enhance innovation. Outsourcing can also have negative outcomes, such as knowledge loss, competences drainage, organisational learning problems, diminished trust, poorer services, hidden cost, and reduction in innovation. The findings of the review were summarised in a number of hypotheses and two conceptual models that highlight the contribution of outsourcing to either competitive advantage or disadvantage. The chapter can assist managers to seek competitive advantages out of outsourcing of activities while avoiding detrimental outsourcing effects.
Education in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Patel Dharmendra Trikamlal
Published: February 2020

Industry 4.0 has changed the thinking of industry owners in terms of technological usage. With the help of modern digital technology, industry can fulfill the requirements of customers easily and compete strongly against their competitors. In order to achieve good quality of products at an affordable price, industry needs skilled people who are aware of autonomous and intelligent components. To prepare skilled people compatible with Industry 4.0, education plays a very important role. The chapter starts with which kind of qualifications are needed to fit in the smart factory era. In next section, the chapter deals with challenges that emerge in education in order to implement skills suitable for Industry 4.0. Lastly, the chapter describes opportunities for the education sector as far as the smart factory is concerned.
Digital Technology Integration in Different Educational Fields
Authors: Kalita Hridayjit , Kumar Kaushik
Published: February 2020

The perception of learning and teaching in the educational universities have been affected by digital technology. With the industrial concern over sustainability of resources and efficiency in operation in a digital environment, the need arises to implement digital technologies in the educational setting so that digital competence of the future workforce can be elevated, and better industrial output-based education is provided. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to describe and discuss the current scenario of digital integration in higher educational disciplines. The issues concerning this integration include teacher inability to incorporate digital thinking into student learning, student non-adaptability to modern technologies, unreliability of digital educational resources, and lack of infrastructure/power supply in most of the educational institutes. An active digital learning approach in students and extensive training sessions for digital utilization excellence in teachers and educators are a few ways to solve issues regarding the above-mentioned integration.
Achieving Bloom's Two-Sigma Goal Using Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Hall Jr. Owen P.
Published: February 2020

Management education is engaged in significant programmatic reforms in response to the business community's call for web-savvy, problem-solving graduates. Web-based intelligent tutors provide a readily accessible vehicle for enhancing business students' learning performance as well as preparing them for the rigors of the global marketplace. A primary goal of these AI-based systems is to approach Bloom's two-sigma learning performance standard via mastery learning techniques. Furthermore, intelligent tutors can also be used to identify students at risk, to formulate appropriate intervention plans, and to support team learning. Recent evidence suggests that achieving Bloom's goal may be achievable on a routine basis by 2025. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the growing potential for using intelligent tutors to enhance student and team learning opportunities and outcomes and to outline strategies for implementing this revolutionary process throughout the management education community of practice.
Training and Evaluation of Mystery Customer and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Tsironis Loukas K.
Published: February 2020

This chapter increases the customer service level by expanding the method of application used by mystery customer (MC) and resolves practical and concrete problems concerning the status of the chain stores. The survival of organisations can often be dependent on their customer service level; therefore, there is an immediate need to form a permanent measurement to act as an indicator of that performance. A use case of MC method was applied in order to observe the level of quality service in a large retail network placed in Greece. The results suggested an explicit determination of the factors of satisfied customers through the application of MC method. Action diagrams were used as a performance-importance map to indicate the strong and weak points in terms of criteria and to define the required improvement efforts. MC data showed the points or issues that service activities performance is likely to cause dissatisfaction and enables proactive measures taken on employee performance and classifies the improvement areas determined by the analysis and used as a benchmarking tool.
Teaching Machine Design Curricula in Developing Countries
Authors: Mwema Fredrick M. , Baruwa Akinsanya Damilare , Akinlabi Esther T.
Published: February 2020

In this chapter, a feasible approach to implement machine design curricula in developing countries is presented. The argument by the authors is that machine design should train engineering students in such countries to utilize local resources to solve practical societal problems. The approach illustrated here was used during 2015-2016 to teach machine design at Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, DeKUT, in Kenya. The approach involved grouping students of different interests and capabilities and tasking them to identify and study various problems in society. The groups were then required to propose machine design solutions to the identified problems. Finally, the groups were tasked to undertake the theoretical design and build CAD models for their projects. The students were monitored through individual weekly presentations to the instructor. The approach was seen to be successful to facilitate training in machine design.
Ethics in Engineering Profession
Authors: Murthy Jandhyala N. , C. Lavanya , Kosaraju Satyanarayana
Published: February 2020

Engineering as a profession distinguishes itself by having and enforcing a code of ethics. Aberrations can lead to commercial considerations to dominate converting the profession into a business rather than promoting safety, health, and welfare of public and environment. Engineers, in their professional quest for an optimal solution, are forced into a dilemma due to clash of values or interests. The explosion of data and its usage is bringing in a lot of concern due to proliferation of unethical practices. Moral values and personal ethics at one end and professional and social ethics at the other end of the spectrum are of points of discussion in academics as well as in society. Engineering programmes strive to offer engineering ethics and professionalism either through direct courses or through embedded capsules in appropriate courses. Promotion of ethics integrating into the engineering profession at all levels could lead to a holistic alternative at universal level, which is self-satisfying, people-friendly, and eco-friendly.
Flipped Learning With Peer Reviews in the Introductory CS Course
Authors: Niemelä Pia , Hyrskykari Aulikki , Poranen Timo , Hyyrö Heikki , Linna Juhani
Published: February 2020

Today, university pedagogues in Finland are keen on applying flipped learning techniques to improve education and learning outcomes. In accordance, assessment moves to a more formative and flipped direction as well. Flipped learning implies assessment to be continuous, yet controversially, resources in education are decreasing. The dilemma can be partly solved by increasing self-, peer-, and automatic assessment, and in addition, the exploitation of learning analytics. Tampere University has addressed these pedagogical demands and challenges in computer science courses by developing a learning management system called WETO. This supports flipped learning techniques in a resource-wise way by enhancing assessment with new peer-review options, self reflection, and negotiations. This chapter highlights the proven and functional practices of formative assessment based on an introductory computer science course supported by WETO. It discusses further development needs and opportunities of learning management systems from this viewpoint.
Eportfolios and Open Badges for Open Recognition of Lifelong Learning Outcomes
Authors: Smolyaninova Olga , Ekaterina Bezyzvestnykh
Published: February 2020

The Chapter presents strategies for training Masters of Еducation students for the development of digital ecosystems in the open educational environment of Yenisei Siberia with the use of e-portfolio and Open Badges technologies through a special electronic course for students of blended learning model. The preliminary results obtained by the authors based on a Google-survey showed that students demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with learning using e-portfolio and Open Badges technologies in the multicultural digital environment of the Siberian region. This Chapter describes the experience of the School of Education, Psychology, and Sociology in use of e-portfolio technology in the evaluation of educational outcomes, reflection, professional development in the lifelong learning process of future teachers, and the introduction of Open Badges integrated with e-portfolio in the teachers' training course for Bachelor and Master's students.
Influence of Nano-Particle Additives on Bio-Diesel-Fuelled CI Engines
Authors: A. Tamilvanan , Balamurugan K. , Mohanraj T. , Selvakumar P. , Ashok B. , Sakthivel R.
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel is proven to be the best substitute for petroleum-based conventional diesel fuel in existing engines with or without minor engine modifications. The performance characteristics of biodiesel as a fuel in CI engine are slightly lower than that of diesel fuel. The emission characteristics of biodiesel are better than diesel fuel except NOX emission. The thermo-physical properties of biodiesel are improved by suspending the nano metal particles in the biodiesel, which make them an observable choice for the use of nanoparticles-added fuels in CI engine. High surface area of nanoparticles that promotes higher operating pressure and heat transfer rates that further quicken the combustion process by providing better oxidation. Thus, it has been inferred that addition of nanoparticles as an additive to biodiesel fuel blends in diesel engines and its effects on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics are discussed in this chapter.
Varieties of regular semigroups with uniquely defined inversion
Authors: Araújo João , Kinyon Michael , Robert Yves
Published: February 2020

Inverse semigroups and completely regular semigroups share some nice properties and in a certain sense, they are the top success stories in semigroup theory. Therefore a reasonable goal is to find other classes of regular semigroups with the same nice shared properties and try to replicate the successful structure theories achieved for those two classes. Perhaps surprisingly, the semigroup literature is mute on examples of other classes of regular semigroups with the same nice properties, while semigroupists, for decades, voiced the metamathematical conviction of the hopelessness of such a goal. Our guess is that many have tried that approach, but always failed, thus unable to publish (
the muteness of the literature
) and convinced that the path leads to nowhere (
the metamathematical conviction
).

The aim of this paper is to provide some mathematical content for that metamathematical conviction. In his celebrated theorem, K. Arrow wrote down the nice properties a voting system should have and then went on to prove that no system has those properties. We follow a similar path by writing down the nice common properties of inverse semigroups and of completely regular semigroups, and then show that, under some constraints, any variety having those nice properties is contained in one of the other two (if not in both). The proof of this theorem is by exhaustion: all possible varieties (under certain constraints) are written down, and each one is tested regarding the possession of the nice properties. Many pass the test, but then all of them turn out to be varieties of inverse or completely regular semigroups. This proof requires thousands of lemmas and was only possible because we used ProverX, a system aimed at playing in automated reasoning the same role GAP or MAGMA plays in symbolic computation.

The paper ends with some problems for experts in semigroups, equational logic and computer science.
O cancelamento de bens tombados enquanto instrumento de poder no estado novo: interlocuções com as discussões de poder e de agência de Sherry B. Ortner
Authors: Bade Cristiane , Bade Cristiane
Published: February 2020

O texto a seguir apresenta algumas reflexões acerca de um procedimento jurídico usado para o exercício do poder. Os mecanismos de exercício de poder são solidificados em distintos instrumentos, mas aqui será considerado especificamente aquele que permite o cancelamento de bens tombados, que foi criado no Estado Novo (1937-1945) e ainda versa a lei que organiza a proteção do patrimônio histórico e artístico brasileiro. Para essa análise busco fazer interlocuções com a discussão que de poder e agência da antropóloga Sherry Ortner.
Natureza e Cultura na Civilização do Inhame: a origem dos clones e dos clãs
Authors: Haudricourt André-Georges
Published: February 2020

Neste texto, André-Georges Haudricourt (1911-1996), etnólogo, etnobotânico, agrônomo e linguista francês avança sua argumentação a favor da homologia entre atitudes humanas perante outros humanos e perante animais e plantas, apresentada em um artigo anterior traduzido ao português em 2013 (Haudricourt, 1962). Por meio do estudo etnográfico dos Kanak da Nova Caledônia, demonstra-se como a dinâmica entre roças e capoeiras, caracterizada por sua reversibilidade e geração de novas variedades agrícolas, é homóloga aos modos como os neocaledônios percebem vida e morte, a instauração de um chefe, a dinâmica clânica, além de sua relação com estrangeiros.
Vamos fazer uma sacanagem gostosa? Uma etnografia da prostituição masculina carioca
Authors: Nelvo Romário Vieira
Published: February 2020

Neste texto, analiso a obra de Victor Battero, intitulada, "Vamos fazer uma sacanagem gostosa?", na qual o autor realiza uma etnografia por entre saunas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Procurei destacar as atenções dadas pelo autor, sobretudo em sua construção de uma "Antropologia do desejo", e localizei como sua etnografia constribui para os estudos sobre práticas sexuais, gênero e marcadores da diferença.
RAMOS, Danilo Paiva. Círculos de Coca e Fumaça. São Paulo: Hedra, 2018. 543p.
Authors: Cardoso Gabriel Novais
Published: February 2020

RAMOS, Danilo Paiva. Círculos de Coca e Fumaça. São Paulo: Hedra, 2018. 543p.
Temperature Effects on Optical Properties and Chemical Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol Derived from n-Dodecane
Authors: Li Junling , Wang Weigang , Li Kun , Zhang Wenyu , Peng Chao , Zhou Li , Shi Bo , Chen Yan , Liu Mingyuan , Li Hong , Ge Maofa
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Environmental temperature plays a vital role in controlling chemical transformations that lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and ultimately impact composition and optical properties of the aerosol particles. In this study, we investigate optical properties of n-dodecane secondary organic aerosol under two temperature conditions: 5 °C and 25 °C. It is shown that low temperature can enhance the real part of refractive index (RI) of the SOA at the wavelengths of 532 nm and 375 nm. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that molecular composition of n-dodecane SOA is significantly modified by temperature: a large amount of oligomers are formed under low temperature condition, which lead to higher RI values. These findings will help improve our understanding of the chemical composition and optical properties of SOA under different temperature conditions, and provide another possible explanation of the low visibility during winter.
XCO2 observations using satellite measurements with moderate spectral resolution: investigation using GOSAT and OCO-2 measurements
Authors: Wu Lianghai , aan de Brugh Joost , Meijer Yasjka , Sierk Bernd , Hasekamp Otto , Butz Andre , Landgraf Jochen
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In light of the proposed space segment of Europe's future CO2 monitoring system, we investigate the spectral resolution of the CO2
spectrometer, which measures earthshine radiance in the three relevant spectral bands at 0.76, 1.61, and 2.06 µm. The Orbiting Carbon
Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission covers these bands with fine spectral resolution but limited spatial coverage, which hampers the monitoring of
localized anthropogenic CO2 emission. The future European CO2 monitoring constellation, currently undergoing feasibility studies at
the European Space Agency (ESA), is targeting a moderate spectral resolution of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.3–0.55 nm in the three spectral bands with a
high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as a spatial resolution of 4 km2 and an across-track swath width >250 km. This spectral
and radiometric sizing is deemed to be favorable for large-swath imaging of point sources of CO2 emission. To assess this choice, we use
real and synthetic OCO-2 satellite observations, which we spectrally degrade to the envisaged lower spectral resolution. We evaluate the
corresponding CO2 retrieval accuracy by taking the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations as reference. Here, a lower
spectral resolution enhances the scatter error of the retrieved CO2 column mixing ratio (XCO2) but has little effect on the
station-to-station variation in the biases. We show that the scatter error gradually increases with decreasing spectral resolution. Part of the
scatter error increase can be attributed to the retrieval noise error which can be compensated for by a future instrument with improved SNR. Moreover,
we consider the effect of the reduced spectral resolution on the capability to capture regional XCO2 variations and XCO2 plumes from
selected OCO-2 orbits. The investigation using measurements from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and synthetic measurements
confirms our finding and indicates that one major source of uncertainties regarding CO2 retrieval is the insufficient information on aerosol
properties that can be inferred from the observations. We hence recommend the implementation of simultaneous, co-located measurements that have
a larger information content on aerosols with an auxiliary instrument in the future European observing system.
An Early Low Latitude Aurora Observed by Rozier (Beziers, 1780)
Authors: Bertolin Chiara , Domínguez-Castro Fernando , de Ferri Lavinia
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aurorae Observations are an uncommon phenomenon at low latitudes that, at the end of the 18th century was not well known and understood. Low latitude Aurorae observations provide information about episodes of intense solar storms associated with flares and outstanding coronal mass ejection (CME) and on the variation of the geomagnetic field. However, for many observers at low latitude, the features of a northern light were unknown, so he could easily report it as a phenomenon without explanation. In this work, we found that an earlier low latitude aurora was observed in Beausejour, close to Beziers (43°53' N, 3°35' E), France, by the abbot Francois Rozier. He was a meticulous botanist, doctor and agronomist with special interest in atmospheric phenomena. On 15 August 1780, from 20:05 to 20:17 (Universal Time), Francois Rozier observed a phosphoric cloud. A careful analysis of the report points out that he was reporting an auroral event. The recovery of auroral events at low latitude during the 1780's is very useful to shed light to the solar activity during this period because there are few records of sunspot observations.
An improved Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (MOYDGL06*) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2018
Authors: Muhammad Sher , Thapa Amrit
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Snow is a significant component of the ecosystem and
water resources in high-mountain Asia (HMA). Therefore, accurate,
continuous, and long-term snow monitoring is indispensable for the water
resources management and economic development. The present study improves the
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua satellites
8 d (“d” denotes “day”) composite snow cover Collection 6 (C6) products, named MOD10A2.006 (Terra) and
MYD10A2.006 (Aqua), for HMA with a multistep approach. The primary
purpose of this study was to reduce uncertainty in the Terra–Aqua MODIS snow cover products and generate a combined snow cover product. For reducing
underestimation mainly caused by cloud cover, we used seasonal, temporal,
and spatial filters. For reducing overestimation caused by MODIS sensors, we
combined Terra and Aqua MODIS snow cover products, considering snow only if a
pixel represents snow in both the products; otherwise it is classified as no snow, unlike some previous
studies which consider snow if any of the Terra or Aqua product identifies snow. Our
methodology generates a new product which removes a significant amount of
uncertainty in Terra and Aqua MODIS 8 d composite C6 products comprising
46 % overestimation and 3.66 % underestimation, mainly caused by sensor
limitations and cloud cover, respectively. The results were validated using
Landsat 8 data, both for winter and summer at 20
well-distributed sites in the study area. Our validated adopted methodology
improved accuracy by 10 % on average, compared to Landsat data. The final product covers the period from 2002 to 2018, comprising a
combination of snow and glaciers created by merging Randolph Glacier
Inventory version 6.0 (RGI 6.0) separated as debris-covered
and debris-free with the final snow product MOYDGL06*. We have
processed approximately 746 images of both Terra and
Aqua MODIS snow containing approximately 100 000 satellite
individual images. Furthermore, this product can serve as a valuable
input dataset for hydrological and glaciological modelling to assess the melt
contribution of snow-covered areas. The data, which
can be used in various climatological and water-related studies, are available for end users at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901821 (Muhammad
and Thapa, 2019).
glmGUI v1.0: an R-based graphical user interface and toolbox for GLM (General Lake Model) simulations
Authors: Bueche Thomas , Wenk Marko , Poschlod Benjamin , Giadrossich Filippo , Pirastru Mario , Vetter Mark
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Numerical modeling provides an opportunity to quantify
the reaction of lakes to alterations in their environment, such as changes
in climate or hydrological conditions. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic
General Lake Model (GLM) is an open-source software and widely used within
the limnological research community. Nevertheless, no interface to
process the input data and run the model and no tools for an automatic
parameter calibration yet exist. Hence, we developed glmGUI, a graphical user
interface (GUI) including a toolbox for an autocalibration, parameter
sensitivity analysis, and several plot options. The tool is provided as a
package for the freely available scientific code language R. The model
parameters can be analyzed and calibrated for the simulation output
variables water temperature and lake level. The glmGUI package is tested for two sites (lake Ammersee, Germany, and lake
Baratz, Italy), distinguishing size, mixing regime, hydrology of the
catchment area (i.e., the number of inflows and their runoff seasonality),
and climatic conditions. A robust simulation of water temperature for both
lakes (Ammersee: RMSE =1.17 ∘C; Baratz: RMSE
=1.30 ∘C) is achieved by a quick automatic calibration. The
quality of a water temperature simulation can be assessed immediately by
means of a difference plot provided by glmGUI, which displays the distribution of
the spatial (vertical) and temporal deviations. The calibration of the lake-level simulations of lake Ammersee for multiple hydrological inputs
including also unknown inflows yielded a satisfactory model fit (RMSE =0.20 m). This shows that GLM can also be used to estimate the water balance
of lakes correctly. The tools provided by glmGUI enable a less time-consuming and
simplified parameter optimization within the calibration process. Due to
this, i.e., the free availability and the implementation in a GUI, the presented R
package expands the application of GLM to a broader field of lake modeling
research and even beyond limnological experts.
Complexity and performance of temperature-based snow routines
for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in Central Europe
Authors: Girons Lopez Marc , Vis Marc J. P. , Jenicek Michal , Griessinger Nena , Seibert Jan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Snow processes are a key component of the water cycle in mountainous areas as well as in many areas of the mid- and high latitudes of the Earth. The complexity of these processes, coupled with the limited data available on them, has led to the development of different modelling approaches to improve their understanding and support management practices. Physically-based approaches, such as the energy balance method, provide the best representation of these processes but at the expense of high data requirements. Data limitations, in most situations, constrain the use of these methods in favour of more simple approaches. The temperature-index method is the most widely-used modelling approach of the snowpack processes for hydrological modelling, with many variants implemented in different models. However, in many cases, the decisions on the most suitable complexity of these conceptualisations are not adequately assessed for a given model structure, application, or decision-making support tool. In this study, we assessed model structure choices of the HBV model, a popular semi-distributed, bucket-type hydrological model, for its application in mountainous areas in Central Europe. To this end, we reviewed the most widely-used choices to different components of the snow routine in different hydrological models and proposed a series of modifications to the structure of HBV. We constrained the choice of modifications to those that are aligned with HBV’s modelling approach of keeping processes as simple as possible to constrain model complexity. We analysed a total of 64 alternative snow routine structures over 54 catchments using a split-sample test. We found that using (a) an exponential snowmelt function coupled with no refreezing instead of a linear function for both processes and (b) a seasonally-variable degree-day factor instead of a constant one were, overall, the most valuable modifications to the model. Additionally, we found that increasing model complexity does not necessarily lead to improved model performance per se. Instead, we found that a thorough analysis of the different processes included in the model and their optimal degree of realism for a given application is a preferable alternative. While the results may not be transferrable to other modelling purposes or geographical domains, the methodology presented here may be used to assess the suitability of model design choices.
FROM PIXEL TO YIELD: FORECASTING POTATO PRODUCTIVITY IN LEBANON AND IDAHO
Authors: Abou Ali H. , Delparte D. , Griffel L. M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Idaho and Lebanon rely on potatoes as an economically important crop. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), SAVI (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), and MSAVI2 (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index 2) indices were calculated from PlanetScope satellite imagery for the 2017 growing season cloud free days. Variations in vegetation health were tracked over time and correlated to yield data provided by growers in Idaho. Based on ordinary least squares regression an Idaho yield forecast model was developed. Vegetation response during the growth stage at which potato tubers were filling out was significant in predicting yield for both the Norkotah and Russet potato variety. This corresponded to a week with high recorded temperatures that impacted the health status of the crops. The yield forecasting model was validated with a cross validation approach and then applied to potato fields in Lebanon. The Idaho model successfully displayed yield variation in crops for Lebanon. Spectral indices along with field topography allow the prediction of yield based on the crop type and variety.
Macroscopy and Microscopy Urinalysis: A Vital Screening Procedure for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in a Hospital in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Nwankwo Uchechukwu G. , Ezebialu Chinenye U. , Ezeadila Joachim O. , Okoli Ikechukwu
Published: February 2020

Urine examination has been employed in clinical practice as the most common screening laboratory method for early detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or renal disorder. This study was undertaken to ascertain the usefulness of urine macroscopy and microscopy as vital screening procedure for diagnosing UTI among antenatal patients in a teaching hospital in Awka, Nigeria. Freshly voided midstream urine specimens of 269 pregnant women were collected and examined using macroscopic, microscopic and culture methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of urine colour, and microscopic features were compared with urine culture in diagnosis of UTI. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and Epi info® and P-value was set at <0.05 significant level. One hundred and seven specimens showed positive urine cultures. Out of these 107 specimens, 60 (56.1%) also had deviation from normal urine colour and 77(72%) were positive on urine microscopy. Macroscopic examination showed that a significant relationship exists between urine colour and positive urine culture (p=0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of urine colour with respect to UTI were 56.7% and 67.9% respectively. Urine microscopy revealed that the positive features had a significant relationship with positive urine culture (p= 0.000). Pyuria alone showed the specificity and positive predictive value of 100% each. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of combination of positive microscopic features were 72%, 64.8%, 57.5% and 77.8% respectively. Examination of colours and microscopic features of urine are therefore vital in predicting urinary tract infection.