bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN DARING BAGI MINAT BELAJAR SEJARAH SISWA SMA NEGRI 1 BATI-BATI
Authors: abdurrahman Luthfi
Published: April 2021

Saat ini keadaan Indonesia mengalami kondisi tidak baik yang disebabkan oleh virus Covid-19 yang berasal dari Wuhan Cina. (WHO, 2020) menyatakan bahwa virus ini penularannya sangat cepat dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Virus ini menyerang infeksi saluran pernapasan seperti batuk dan pilek namun sifatnya lebih mematikan. Berdasarkan data (Worldometer, 2020) Coronavirus Casses menyatakan 2.176.744 Pasien yang terpapar virus ini dan beberapa meninggal dunia sehingga wabah penyebaran virus ini disebut dengan pandemi Covid-19 dunia. Penyebaran virus ini bisa ditempat umum atau kerumunan, Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC) Amerika Serikat mengatakan penyebaran virus ini melalui kontak fisik seperti berjabat tangan maka dianjurkan agar mencuci tangan dengan benar dan baik sesuai langkah serta menggunakan masker jika keluar rumah untuk pencegahan penyebaran Corona Virus. Akibat dari pandemi Covid-19 membuat pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan baru demi menghentikan pemencaran Covid-19 yaitu mengimplementasikan ajakan masyarakat untuk melaksanakan Physical Distancing atau memberi jarak dengan orang lain sejauh satu meter dan menghindari kerumunan dan berbagai acara pertemuan yang menimbulkan perkumpulan (Covid-19, 2020). Selain itu pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan untuk Dirumah Saja seperti kerja dirumah atau Work From Home (WFH) dan kegiatan apapun yang berhubungan dengan perkumpulan atau pertemuan ditiadakan dan diganti dengan media online. (Kemendikbud, 2020) mengeluarkan Surat Edaran tentang Pembelajaran secara Daring dan Bekerja dari Rumah dalam Rangka Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19. Pembelajaran daring di Indonesia sebenarnya sudah diterapkan oleh beberapa pendidik sebelum pemberlakuan social distancing oleh pemerintah. Namun istilah pembelajaran daring semakin populer setelah social distancing. Pembelajaran daring yang diterapkan lebih cenderung pada bentuk penugasan via aplikasi. Siswa diberikan tugas- tugas untuk diselesaikan kemudian dikoreksi oleh guru sebagai bentuk penilaian dan diberikan komentar sebagai bentuk evaluasi (Syarifudin, 2020). Minat memiliki banyak efek positif pada proses dan hasil pembelajaran (Krapp, 2002), tingkat minat yang tinggi akan menyebabkan tingkat perhatian dan tingkat kesiapan siswa terlibat dalam objek pembelajaran sehingga menimbulkan kemungkinan keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran (Krapp, 1999).
Efficacy of Pranayama in Preventing COVID-19 in Exposed Healthcare Professionals: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarwal Rakesh , Dhamija Rajinder K. , Jain Khushbu , Basavaraddi Ishwar V
Published: April 2021

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has created a challenging situation, especially among the frontline Health Care Professionals (HCPs), who are routinely exposed and thus at a relatively higher risk of infection. A few studies have shown the practice of Pranayama, a component of Yoga, to be effective in improving immune function and reducing infection. However, no clinical trial on the efficacy of Pranayama in preventing COVID-19 has been conducted.Aim & Objective: This randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of Pranayama in preventing COVID-19 infection in Health Care Professionals (HCPs) routinely exposed to COVID-19 cases.Methodology: The study was conducted at 5 different COVID-19 hospitals in New Delhi, India during September-November, 2020. 280 HCPs assigned duties with COVID-19 patients who were found negative in COVID-19 antibody test in pre-intervention assessment were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group practiced especially designed Pranayama modules twice a day (morning and evening) for 28 days under the supervision of Yoga instructors through online mode, while those in the control group were advised general fitness practices (like walking, jogging, running). Participants who became symptomatic underwent RTPCR / Point of Care Rapid Antigen test for confirmation of COVID 19 diagnosis. All the patients also underwent antibody testing for COVID-19 on 28th day of the intervention to detect asymptomatic infection.Results: 250 participants, comprising 123 in the intervention group and 127 in the control group, completed the study . The intervention and control groups had comparable demographics and baseline characteristics. Three participants (all controls) developed COVID 19 symptoms during the study. On the completion of the study, only one participant in the Intervention group tested positive, while 9 participants in the control group (Including three symptomatic participants) tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. This difference was statistically significant (P-value: 0.01). Conclusion: Practice of our especially designed Pranayama module, every day for 28 days was highly effective in preventing COVID-19 infection in exposed healthcare professionals (HCPs).
Proposal Skripsi Bab 1 sampai 3 IMBAR DESI MY 1810111120020
Authors: Yanti Imbar Desi Mutri
Published: April 2021

Pembentukan kesadaran multikultural pada siswa merupakan proses yang cukup sukar dan menantang. Namun, dalam mengusahakannya guru bisa memanfaatkan peluang internalisasi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal pada proses pembelajaran, khususnya bagi guru sejarah. Melalui studi sejarah lokal dapat menghadirkan realitas sejarah masyarakat peserta didik dan masyarakat luar lokalitas yang bisa menumbuhkan kesadaran dan sikap keberagaman. Dalam penelitian ini akan mencari tahu hubungan muatan materis ejarah lokal dengan kesadaran multikultural pada siswa XI IPS MAN 1 BANJARAMSIN
proposal penelitian kuantitatif
Authors: hidayat akbar
Published: April 2021

Masa sekarang merupakan sebuah masa yang sulit bagi banyak orang di muka bumi terutama di Indonesia dimana ada sebuah femomena virus yang mengancam berbagai negara dimana virus ini sangat berbahaya bagi manusia yang dapat menyebabkan kematian, virus yang dimakud adalah virus corona dengan adanya virus ini beberapa negara yang terdampak virus ini terutama melakukan antisipasi dengan cara membatasi kegiatan masyarakatnya atau bisa di sebut pembatasan sosial berskala besar (PSBB), akibat pembatasan tersebut beberapa kegiatan di berhentikan seperti sekolah, perkantoran, transportasi, dan yang lainnya
Proposal kuanti Dana Rizki Firdaus
Authors: Firdaus Dana Rizki
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran Sejarah mengajarkan bagaimana peserta didik untuk berpikir Historis dan dapat memperoloeh pemahaman sejarah. Pembelajaran sejarah juga mempelajari peristiwa, fakta mengenai sejarah perjuangan yang terdapat di Indonesia. Perkembangan zaman dengan meningkatnya berbagai teknologi membawa dampak positif bagi pembelajaran di Indonesia. Media pembelajaran adalah peralatan yang meliputi semua bahan dan peralatan fisik yang digunakan pendidik untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran dan memfasilitasi prestasi peserta didik. Media pembelajaran digunakan sesuai kebutuhan peserta didik. Penggubaan media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran menurut Arsyad (2009:49) memberikan daya Tarik tersendiri bagi peserta didik. Penggunaan media pembelajaran film dalam proses belajar mengajar merupakan salah satu cara untuk menciptakan suatu proses Pendidikan yang efektif dan efisien sehingga menimbulkan minat belajar yang optimal.
Evaluating the Impact of Multidimensionality on Type I and Type II Error Rates Using the Q-Index Item Fit Statistic for the Rasch Model
Authors: Estrada Samantha
Published: April 2021

To understand the role of fit statistics in Rasch measurement is simple: applied researchers can only benefit from the desirable properties of the Rasch model when the data fit the model. The purpose of the current study was to assess the Q-Index robustness (Ostini and Nering, 2006), and its performance was compared to the current popular fit statistics known as MSQ Infit, MSQ Outfit, and standardized Infit and Outfit (ZSTDs) under varying conditions of test length, sample size, item difficulty (normal and uniform), and dimensionality utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation. The Type I and Type II error rates are also examined across fit indices. This study provides applied researchers guidelines the robustness and appropriateness of the use of the Q-Index, which is an alternative to the currently available item fit statistics. The Q-Index was slightly more sensitive to the levels of multidimensionality set in the study while MSQ Infit, Outfit, and standardized Infit and Outfit (ZSTDs) failed to identify the multidimensional conditions. The Type I error rate of the Q-Index was lower than the rest of the fit indices; however, the Type II error rate was higher than the anticipated β=.20 across all fit indices.
OPINI KARENINA PANCA KIRANTI
Authors: KIRANTI KARENINA PANCA
Published: April 2021

Saat ini, teknologi telah merasuki kehidupan manusia. Handphone atau gadget merupakan satu diantara kemajuan teknologi yang paling banyak diminati oleh seluruh penduduk di dunia. Gadget diibaratkan seperti makanan, karena manusia tidak bisa terlepas dari gadget dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan data yang dikutip dari databoks.katadata.co.id jumlah pengguna gadget secara global meningkat setiap tahunnya. Ditahun 2019, jumlah pengguna gadget meningkat sebanyak 5,6% dari tahun sebelumnya. Pengguna gadget didunia didominasi oleh remaja dan anak-anak,
Revisiting COVID-19 policies: 10 evidence-based recommendations for where to go from here. PUBLISHED VERSION: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12082-z
Authors: Halperin Daniel T. , Hearst Norman , Hodgins Stephen , Bailey Robert C. , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Jackson Helen , Wamai Richard , Ladapo Joseph A. , Over Mead , Baral Stefan , Escandón Kevin , Gandhi Monica
Published: April 2021

Background: Strategies to control coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) have often been based on preliminary and limited data and have tended to be slow to evolve as new evidence emerges. Yet knowledge about COVID-19 has grown exponentially, and the expanding rollout of vaccines presents further opportunity to reassess the response to the pandemic more broadly.Main text: We review the latest evidence concerning 10 key COVID-19 policy and strategic areas, specifically addressing: 1) the expansion of equitable vaccine distribution, 2) the need to ease restrictions as hospitalization and mortality rates eventually fall, 3) the advantages of emphasizing educational and harm reduction approaches over coercive and punitive measures, 4) the need to encourage outdoor activities, 5) the imperative to reopen schools, 6) the far-reaching and long-term economic and psychosocial consequences of sustained lockdowns, 7) the excessive focus on surface disinfection and other ineffective measures, 8) the importance of reassessing testing policies and practices, 9) the need for increasing access to outpatient therapies and prophylactics, and 10) the necessity to better prepare for future pandemics.Conclusions: While remarkably effective vaccines have engendered great hope, some widely held assumptions underlying current policy approaches call for an evidence-based reassessment. COVID-19 will require ongoing mitigation for the foreseeable future as it transforms from a pandemic into an endemic infection, but maintaining a constant state of emergency is not viable. A more realistic public health approach is to adjust current mitigation goals to be more data-driven and to minimize unintended harms associated with unfocused or ineffective control efforts. Based on the latest evidence, we therefore present recommendations for refining 10 key policy areas, and for applying lessons learned from COVID-19 to prevent and prepare for future pandemics.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING DENGAN LURING TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMAN 7 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Rahman Khalillul
Published: April 2021

PROPOSAL SKRIPSI KUANTI
Proposal Skripsi Hubungan Pembelajaran Daring Dengan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kelas XII Di SMA Negeri 2 Paringin
Authors: Fadillah Rahmat
Published: April 2021

Pembelajaran sejarah merupakan ilmu yang bertujuan agar setiap peserta didik dapat membangun kesadaran mengenai pentingnya waktu dan tempat yang mana merupakan sebuah proses dari masa lampau, masa kini dan masa depan sehingga peserta didik sadar bahwa dirinya merupakan bagian dari bangsa yang mempunyaiperasaaan bangga dan cinta akan tanah air yang nantinya dapat diimplementasikan dalam berbagai kehidupan baik nasional maupun internasional. Dengan demikian pembelajaran sejarah mempunyai peranan kuat dalam upaya pembentukan karakter bangsa dan menanamkan nilai-nilai berbudaya.
Holographic units m theory
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: April 2021

Holographic units m theory
"KONSEP SABAT DALAM KELUARAN 31:12-17 DAN IMPLIKASI BAGI ORANG PERCAYA"
Authors: Dewa Ananda Dharmawan Kustia , Panjaitan Firman , Tafonao Yarman , Tahya Alton Perejon , revanda Ayu cisilia , pranasoma rakai ranu
Published: April 2021

Allah memerintahkan bangsa Israel beserta seluruh isi rumahnya untuk tidak melakukan pekerjaan pada hari ke tujuh. Bukan hanya berbicara mengenai seluruh kegiatan yang berdampingan dengan kehidupan keluarga saja, namun sampai perintah yang khusus dengan pekerjaan yang berbeda bentuk, misalnya perintah untuk mempersiapkan Kemah Suci dan segala perlengkapannya (Kel. 31:12-17).
Posts on Facebook by Schools and Districts and the Potential Risks to Students’ Privacy
Authors: Rosenberg Joshua , Burchfield Macy A. , Borchers Conrad , Gibbons Ben , Anderson Daniel , Fischer Christian
Published: April 2021

For many schools and districts in the United States, Facebook has emerged as an important communication tool. Facebook has been used for many purposes including sharing timely information, building a sense of community, and highlighting staff and students. However, neither researchers nor, we think, most schools and districts have paid enough attention to how their Facebook use may pose a risk to the privacy of the individuals—often students who are minors. One of our recent social media studies showed that between 15 and 20 million photos of students have been shared on strictly publicly accessible Facebook pages of public schools and districts. We estimated that at least 150,000 of these photos—and perhaps as many as a million or more—depict students who are identifiable by name and school and/or district. In this article, we review some of the risks to students that might result from their identification through social media posts and offer practical steps that schools and districts can take to minimize these risks.
Fungsi Pendekatan Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Arsi Andi
Published: April 2021

Bimbingan dan konseling adalah merupakan sebuah proses tolongmenolong antara individu satu dengan individu yang lain untuk memahamidiri mereka sendiri. Di dalam pendidikan bimbingan dan konselingmewakili hasrat masyarakat untuk membantu individu, sumbanganbimbingan dan konseling menambah kepahaman tentang informasipendidikan, vokasional dan social yang diperlukan untuk membuat pilihansecara berpengetahuam bagi pelajar. Seorang konselor dalam pelayananbimbingan dan konseling merupakan pekerjaan profesional, oleh sebab itupraktiknya harus mengikuti asas-asas, dan landasan-landasan tertentu.
Removable friction dampers for low-damage steel beam-to-column joints
Authors: Latour Massimo , D'Aniello Mario , Rizzano Gianvittorio , Piluso Vincenzo , Zimbru Mariana , Landolfo Raffaele
Published: April 2021

Beam-to-column joints equipped with friction dampers are promising solutions to improve the performance of steel moment resisting frames due to the possibility to guarantee large dissipation capacity limiting the structural damage under severe seismic conditions. In this paper, the experimental tests and the numerical simulations of two types of joints are shown and discussed with the aim of developing pre-qualified configurations. The friction dampers are designed to be easily removable from both the lower beam flange and the column face by means of bolted connections. The devices are composed of a stack of steel plates conceived to assure symmetrical friction. The friction surface is set in vertical direction in first case and in horizontal direction in the second type. The experimental tests confirmed the effectiveness of both examined joints and the finite element analyses allowed characterizing their local response, thus providing additional insights to improve the design requirements.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN JOINTS 1 EQUIPPED WITH SPRAYED ALUMINIUM FRICTION DAMPERS
Authors: Latour Massimo , Rizzano Gianvittorio , Piluso Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the results of an experimental analysis regarding beam-to-column joints equipped with friction dampers is presented. Even though the overall concept is not new, the connection structural detail and the friction pad material are different from previous proposals. In particular, the beam is connected to the column with a classical fixed T-stub fastening the upper flange and a friction damper located at the beam lower flange. The friction damper is composed of a stack of steel plates conceived to assure symmetrical friction. The friction pads are made of steel plates coated with thermally sprayed aluminium. The friction damper is designed in order to slide for a force level equal to or lower than the ratio between the nominal flexural resistance of the connected beam and the lever arm, i.e. the distance between the top T-stub and the friction damper. In this way, it is possible to obtain connections able to dissipate the seismic input energy almost without any damage to the steel elements, provided that all the joint components are designed with sufficient over-strength with respect to the actions corresponding to the friction damper sliding force. In this paper, such approach is validated reporting the results of an experimental campaign.
EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE OF A LOW-YIELDING, SELF CENTERING, ROCKING COLUMN BASE JOINT WITH FRICTION DAMPERS
Authors: Latour Massimo , Rizzano Gianvittorio
Published: April 2021

The sliding hinge joint (SHJ) is a supplemental energy dissipation system for column bases or beam-to-column connections of steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs). It is based on the application of symmetric/asymmetric friction dampers to develop a dissipative mechanism alternative to the column/beam yielding. This typology was initially proposed in New Zealand and, more recently, is starting to be tested and applied also in Europe. While on the one hand this technology provides great benefits such as the damage avoidance, on the other hand, due to the high unloading stiffness of the dampers in tension or compression, its cyclic response is typically characterized by a limited self-centering capacity.To address this shortcoming, the objective of the work herein presented is to examine the possibility to add to these connections also a self-centering capacity proposing new layouts based on a combination of friction devices (providing energy dissipation capacity), pre-loaded threaded bars and disk springs (introducing in the joint restoring forces).In this paper, as a part of an ongoing wider experimental activity regarding the behavior of self-centering connections, the attention is focused on the problem of achieving the self-centering of the column bases of MRFs by studying a detail consisting in a column-splice equipped with friction dampers and threaded bars with Belleville disk springs, located above a traditional full-strength column base joint. The main benefits obtained with the proposed layout are that: (i) the self-centering capability is obtained with elements (threaded bars and Belleville springs) which have a size comparable to the overall size of the column-splice cover plates; (ii) all the re-centering elements are moved far from the concrete foundation avoiding any interaction with the footing. The work reports the main results of an experimental investigation and the analysis of a MRF equipped with the proposed column base joints.
EFFECT FREENESS OF WOOD FIBERS AFTER THE DEFIBRATOR ON THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER MATERIAL
Authors: Vititnev Aleksandr , Alashkevich Yuri , Chistova Natalia , Matygulina Venera
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of studies of the process of refining the pulp in a refiner with the influence of freeness of wood fibers after the defibrator on the physicomechanical properties of the fiberboards.
Covid-19 Attitudes Data
Authors: Fagan Jessica , Grahe Jon E. , Faasse Kate , Matteson Amber , Haneda Ricky , Schmolesky Matthew , McFall Joseph Patrick , Benitez Iliana , Akers Kailee , Auman Rebecca
Published: April 2021

Dr. Jon Grahe and the students of his 2020 Fall Semester class, Advanced Statistics and Research Methods at Pacific Lutheran University, three collaborators outside of the class, and three collaborators from other universities, collected data from online participants living in the United States (Nraw = 1019, Nprocessed = 821). Participants answered questions pertaining to various subjects related to the Novel Coronavirus-2019 pandemic including how closely they had been gathering information, their information sources, level of trust in various authorities, perceived risk, knowledge of COVID-19, avoidance behaviors, demographics, and COVID-19 exposure. The data are available here: https://osf.io/e8rzm/. These data could be used to examine psychological variables during a pandemic as well as provide a novel, real-world data set for students studying statistics and research methods.
Discovering the Brain Stages of Lexical Decision: Behavioral Effects Originate from a Single Neural Decision Process
Authors: Berberyan Hermine S. , van Rijn Hedderik , Borst Jelmer P
Published: April 2021

Lexical decision (LD) – judging whether a sequence of letters constitutes a word – has been widely investigated. In a typical lexical decision task (LDT), participants are asked to respond whether a sequence of letters is an actual word or a nonword. Although behavioral differences between types of words/nonwords have been robustly detected in LDT, there is an ongoing discussion about the exact cognitive processes that underlie the word identification process in this task. To obtain data-driven evidence on the underlying processes, we recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) data and applied a novel machine-learning method, hidden semi-Markov model multivariate pattern analysis (HsMM-MVPA). In the current study, participants performed an LDT in which we varied the frequency of words (high, low frequency) and “wordlikeness” of non-words (pseudowords, random non-words). The results revealed that models with six processing stages accounted best for the data in all conditions. While most stages were shared, Stage 5 differed between conditions. Together, these results indicate that the differences in word frequency and lexicality effects are driven by a single cognitive processing stage. Based on its latency and topology, we interpret this stage as a Decision process during which participants discriminate between words and nonwords using activated lexical information.
Melting ice with your mind: Representational momentum for physical states
Authors: Hafri Alon , Boger Tal , Firestone Chaz
Published: April 2021

When a log burns, it transforms from a block of wood into a pile of ash. Such state-changes are among the most dramatic ways objects change, going beyond mere changes of position or orientation. How does the mind represent changes of state? A foundational result in visual cognition is that memory extrapolates the positions of moving objects—a distortion called "representational momentum." Here, five experiments (N=400 adults) exploited this phenomenon to investigate mental representations in "state-space." Participants who viewed objects undergoing state-changes—e.g., ice melting, logs burning, or grapes shriveling—remembered them as more changed (e.g., more melted, burned, or shriveled) than they actually were. This pattern extended to several types of state-changes, went beyond their low-level properties, and even adhered to their natural trajectories in state-space. Thus, mental representations of a dynamic world actively incorporate change, in surprisingly broad ways: Whether in position or state, memory extrapolates how objects change.
Measurement practices exacerbate the generalizability crisis: Novel digital measures can help
Authors: Davidson Brittany I , Ellis David Alexander , Stachl Clemens , Taylor Paul , Joinson Adam
Published: April 2021

Psychology's tendency to focus on confirmatory analyses before ensuring constructs are clearly defined and accurately measured is exacerbating the generalizability crisis. Our growing use of digital behaviors as predictors has revealed the fragility of subjective measures and the latent constructs they scaffold. However, new technologies can provide opportunities to improve conceptualizations, theories, and measurement practices.
An active inference perspective on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Authors: Jeganathan Jayson , Breakspear Michael
Published: April 2021

Predictive coding has played a transformative role in the study of psychosis, casting delusions and hallucinations as statistical inference in an abnormally imprecise system. However, the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as affective blunting, avolition and asociality, remain poorly understood. We propose a computational framework for emotional expression that is based on active inference – namely that affective behaviours such as smiling are driven by predictions about the social consequences of smiling. Just as delusions and hallucinations can be explained by predictive uncertainty in sensory circuits, negative symptoms naturally arise from uncertainty in social prediction circuits. This perspective draws on computational principles to explain blunted facial expressiveness and apathy-anhedonia in schizophrenia. Its phenomenological consequences also shed light on the content of paranoid delusions and indistinctness of self-other boundaries. Close links are highlighted between social prediction, facial affect mirroring, and the fledgling study of interoception. Advances in automated analysis of facial expressions and acoustic speech patterns will allow empirical testing of these computational models of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Relative Entropy Effects on the Processing of Spoken Romanian Verbs
Authors: Nenadić Filip , Tucker Benjamin V. , Milin Petar
Published: April 2021

A multitude of studies show the relevance of both inflectional paradigms (word form frequency distributions, i.e., inflectional entropy) and inflectional classes (whole class frequency distributions) for visual lexical processing. Their interplay has also been proven significant, measured as the difference between paradigm and class frequency distributions (relative entropy). Relative entropy effects have now been recorded in nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositional phrases. However, all of these studies used visual stimuli — either written words or picture-naming tasks. The goal of our study is to test whether the effects of relative entropy can be captured in the auditory modality as well. Forty young native speakers of Romanian (60% female) living in Serbia as part of the Romanian ethnic minority participated in an auditory lexical decision task. Stimuli were 168 Romanian verbs from two inflectional classes. Verbs were presented in four forms: present and imperfect 1st person singular, present 3rd person plural, and imperfect 2nd person plural. The results show that relative entropy influences both response accuracy and response latency. We discuss alternative operationalizations of relative entropy and how they can help us test hypotheses about the structure of the mental lexicon.
Relationships between Psychological Factors and Experimental Pain Outcomes in Healthy Individuals: Results from 8 Studies
Authors: Nahman-Averbuch Hadas , Boggero Ian A. , Hunter Benjamin M. , Pickerill Hannah , Peugh James L. , Leon Eric , Schneider Victor J. , Emerson Nichole M. , Thomas Priya L. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Hughes Cassidy , Hoeppli Marie-Eve , King Christopher D. , Coghill Robert C.
Published: April 2021

Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing, may affect how healthy individuals experience experimental pain. However, current literature puts forth contradictory results, possibly due to differing study methodologies, such as the type of psychophysical measure or survey. To better understand such results, this paper analyzed the relationships between psychological factors and experimental pain outcomes across eight different studies (total n= 595) conducted in different populations of healthy adult and adolescent participants. Analyses were conducted with and without controlling for sex, age, and race. Each study was analyzed separately and as part of an aggregate analysis. Even without correction for multiple comparisons, only a few significant relationships were found for the individual studies. Controlling for demographic factors had minimal effect on the results. Importantly, even the few statistically significant models showed relatively small effect sizes; psychological factors explained no more than 20% of the variability in experimental pain sensitivity of healthy individuals. The aggregate analyses revealed relationships between anxiety and PPT / cold pain ratings and between pain catastrophizing and PPT. Sample size calculations based on the aggregate analyses indicated that several hundred participants would be required to correctly detect relationships between these psychological factors and pain measures. These overall negative findings suggest that anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing in healthy individuals may not be meaningfully related to experimental pain outcomes. Furthermore, positive findings in the literature may be subject to small group effects and publication bias towards positive findings.
The shallow of your smile: The ethics of expressive vocal deepfakes
Authors: Guerouaou Nadia , Vaiva Guillaume , Aucouturier Jean-Julien
Published: April 2021

Rapid technological advances in artificial intelligence are creating opportunities for real-time algorithmic modulations of a person’s facial and vocal expressions, or “deep-fakes”. These developments raises unprecedented societal and ethical questions which, despite much recent public awareness, are still poorly understood from the point of view of moral psychology. We report here on an empirical study conducted on N=303 online participants, who evaluated the acceptability of vignettes describing potential applications of expressive voice transformation technology. We found that vocal deep-fakes were generally well accepted in the population, notably in a therapeutic context and for emotions judged otherwise difficult to control, and surprisingly, even if the user lies to their interlocutors about using them. Unlike other emerging technologies like autonomous vehicles, there was no evidence of social dilemma in which one would e.g. accept for others what they resent for themselves. The only real obstacle to the massive deployment of vocal deep-fakes appears to be situations where they are applied to a speaker without their knowing, but even the acceptability of such situations was modulated by individual differences in moral values and attitude towards science-fiction.
Dopamine supports idea originality: The role of spontaneous eye blink rate on divergent thinking
Authors: Agnoli Sergio , Mastria Serena , Zanon Marco , CORAZZA GIOVANNI EMANUELE
Published: April 2021

The neurotransmitter dopamine plays a crucial role in human creative behaviour. Specifically, striatal dopamine seems to be associated with specific dimensions of divergent thinking performance, especially with the categorical diversity (flexibility) of the ideas. In the experimental context, spontaneous Eye Blink Rate (sEBR) has been used as a proxy of striatal dopamine and it has been demonstrated an inverted U-shape relationship between sEBR and flexibility, such that a medium sEBR is able to predict higher flexibility levels. The present study aimed at carrying out further investigations about the relationship between sEBR and idea generation through divergent thinking, specifically focusing on the relationship between idea originality and dopamine level, since originality is a key element for creativity. We asked 80 participants, whose sEBR at rest was measured, to perform an Alternative Uses Task (AUT) measuring their divergent thinking performance. Results revealed that the relationship between sEBR and originality, as measured through subjective ratings of external raters, followed an inverted U-shape function with medium sEBR being associated with higher originality scores. Moreover, and most importantly, we demonstrated that sEBR predicted originality through the mediation of flexibility. Our results provide further insights on the possible role of dopamine on divergent thinking performance, demonstrating that an adequate dopamine level may facilitate the generation of original ideas through the exploration of diverse conceptual categories (higher flexibility).
Functional network antagonism and consciousness
Authors: Demertzi Athena , Kucyi Aaron , Ponce-Alvarez Adrián , Keliris Georgios A. , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Deco Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Spontaneous brain activity changes across states of consciousness. A particular consciousness-mediated configuration is the anticorrelated relationship between the default mode network and other regions. What this antagonistic organization implies about consciousness, though, to date remains inconclusive. By tackling the biological origins of anticorrelations, we suggest that neural inhibition is the mechanism underlying their neural architecture by means of global and local inhibitory activity. We postulate that this process reflects the notion of functional segregation, that is, the brain’s capacity to show selectivity in the areas which will be functionally connected. Based on relevant theories of consciousness which utilize segregation in their models we suggest that the anticorrelations might work as a marker of preserved consciousness. We predict that if the brain is not in a state to host such a biological prior (neural inhibition), then most likely the individual does not entertain subjective experience. We believe that this link between the computational profile of the anticorrelations and the underlying biology will help not only comprehend how consciousness happens, but also conceptualize effective interventions for treating consciousness disorders in which anticorrelations seem particularly affected.
Shimi et al_GKVR1
Authors: Shimi Andria , Tsestou Vanessa , Hadjiaros Marios , Neokleous Kleanthis , Avraamides Marios N
Published: April 2021

Soccer is one of the most popular sports and goalkeepers are central to a team’s winning. Physical abilities are essential to goalkeepers but the involved cognitive abilities for these players are understudied and not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of different aspects of attention in a goalkeeping task in soccer. Participants assumed the role of a goalkeeper in immersive Virtual Reality and carried out a task that entailed blocking balls shot towards their goal. In addition, they carried out two computerized tasks each assessing different attentional abilities: the Attention Network Test provided scores for three well-established networks of attention, namely the alerting, the orienting, and the executive control. The Whack-a-Mole task evaluated inhibitory control, by measuring performance in a classic Go/No-Go task and tapping on response inhibition. Results revealed that all three attention network scores predicted performance in the VR goalkeeping task. Furthermore, performance in the Whack-a-Mole task correlated significantly with performance in the VR goalkeeping task. Overall, findings confirm that cognitive skills relating to attention play a critical role in the efficient execution of soccer-specific tasks. These findings have important implications for the training of cognitive skills in sports.
Understanding and countering the spread of conspiracy theories in social networks: Evidence from epidemiological models of Twitter data
Authors: Kauk Julian , Kreysa Helene , Schweinberger Stefan R.
Published: April 2021

Conspiracy theories in social networks are considered to have adverse effects on individuals' compliance with public health measures in the context of a pandemic situation. A deeper understanding of how conspiracy theories propagate through social networks is critical for the development of countermeasures. The present work focuses on a novel approach to characterize the propagation of conspiracy theories through social networks by applying epidemiological models to Twitter data. A Twitter dataset was searched for tweets containing hashtags indicating belief in the ``5GCoronavirus'' conspiracy theory, which states that the COVID-19 pandemic is a result of, or enhanced by, the enrollment of the 5G mobile network. Despite the absence of any scientific evidence, the ``5GCoronavirus'' conspiracy theory propagated rapidly through Twitter, beginning at the end of January, followed by a peak at the beginning of April, and ceasing/disappearing approximately at the end of June 2020. An epidemic SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) model was fitted to this time series with acceptable model fit, indicating parallels between the propagation of conspiracy theories in social networks and infectious diseases. Extended SIR models were used to simulate the effects that two specific countermeasures, fact-checking and tweet-deletion, could have had on the propagation of the conspiracy theory. Our simulations indicate that fact-checking is an effective mechanism in an early stage of conspiracy theory diffusion, while tweet-deletion shows only moderate efficacy but is less time-sensitive. More generally, an early response is critical to gain control over the spread of conspiracy theories through social networks. We conclude that an early response combined with strong fact-checking and a moderate level of deletion of problematic posts is a promising strategy to fight conspiracy theories in social networks. Results are discussed with respect to their theoretical validity and generalizability.
Bringing ICT into the Classroom: Perceptions from Tourism Students on Technology-Enhanced Learning
Authors: Fuchs Kevin
Published: April 2021

The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be seen as a blessing in disguise. On one hand, digital information is readily available nowadays, which in turn makes the hardwiring of knowledge less significant and shifts the focus towards competency development. In a digitalized world where information is easily accessible, it is argued that students in higher education need to develop more sensible soft skills that allow them to systematically and critically analyze information. Whilst knowledge can be acquired in a relatively short period, competency development requires more active repetition and patience. Thus, applying relevant and supportive teaching methods is seen as essential. Quantitative data was collected from the participants (n=107) and examined through descriptive analysis. The results of the research revealed that students in higher education generally had a positive perception of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) and considered themselves proficient with the usage of ICT in the classroom. Based on the empirical findings from this paper, a qualitative study was recommended to identify how ICT can be more effectively integrated into the traditional classroom.
Choice of Response Strategy Adopted by Indian Private Higher Education Institutions Collaborated with Foreign Education Institutions: Applying Porter’s Five Force Model
Authors: Jaiswal Laxmi
Published: April 2021

Market follows the profit and compete for the resources to get competitive advantage that is inevitable. Private higher education institutions in India collaborate with foreign education providers to deliver education services in variety of modes for enlarging the student share in the market. Applying Porter’s Five Force Model it was analysed how the institutions in NCR of India position themselves in the market forces and strategise to get comparative advantage. India with huge size of middle class and vast system of higher education always attract the foreign institutions to collaborate and expand. The restrictive and proscriptive regulation does not allow foreign qualification in India except twinning mode. The finding of the present analysis using porter’s five force model suggest that regulation of the state must be comprehensive and supportive to encash the flow of market innovations that happen to be. Thoughtful regulatory framework may reap the benefit other wise institutions under market forces offer unrecognised foreign degree in informal way under the orbit of formal institution that motivate less quality tier II and III institutions to supply educational services disguising under formal system of higher education.
The impact of religious attendance on trust, volunteering, and cooperation: A cross-lagged panel analysis with individual fixed-effects
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Wiertz Dingeman
Published: April 2021

Does religious involvement make people more trusting, prosocial, and cooperative? In view of conflicting theories and mixed prior evidence, we subject this question to a stringent test using large-scale, representative panel data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991-2009, N ≈ 26,000) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009-2019, N ≈ 77,000). We employ cross-lagged panel models with individual fixed effects to account for time-invariant confounders and reverse causality as two issues that have haunted earlier research. We find that religious involvement, measured by frequency of religious service attendance, on average has a positive impact on generalized trust, volunteering, and cooperation. Compared with religious attendance, other indicators of religious involvement, such as subjective importance of religion or whether one is religiously affiliated, have weaker effects on trust, volunteering, and cooperation. We also document substantial variation across religious traditions: the effects of religious attendance are strongest for Anglicans and other Protestants, but weaker and mostly statistically insignificant for Catholics, Hindus, and the nonreligious, while for Muslims we observe a negative effect of religious attendance on cooperation. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of potential confounders and a range of alternative model set-ups. Our study thus shows that religious involvement can indeed foster prosocial behaviours and attitudes, although this effect is in the current study context mostly restricted to religious service attendance and majority religions.
CRITICAL REFLECTION ON LITERARY WORK IN STENDHAL’S LEGACY
Authors:   INION RAN, Pakhsaryan Natalia
Published: April 2021

The article clarifes Stendhal’s aesthetic position. It analyzes the singularity of his interpretation of the term «romanticism», traces the evolution of his critical views from the early notes of the 1800s to the Manifesto «Racine and Shakespeare», which reflected the disputes of his time about drama, as well as to the statements about the purpose of the art in his article «Walter Scott and the Princess of Cleves» and in the novel «Red and Black».
«IT’S NOT A LITERARY FACT, BUT AN ACT OF SUICIDE»: ABOUT A POEM BY OSIP MANDELSTAM
Authors:   INION RAN, Yurchenko Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the backstory of Mandelstam’s poem «Our lives no longer feel ground under them» («My zivem pod soboyu ne tchuya strany»), its poetical features and the tragic consequences for the poet that followed the creation of this poem.
THE ISSUE OF HUMANE VALUES: A NOVEL BY C.T. AITMATOV «WHEN THE MOUNTAINS FALL (THE ETERNAL BRIDE)»
Authors:   INION RAN, Zhulkova Karina
Published: April 2021

The definite rejection of the contemporary vices, which is the writerly credo of C.T. Aitmatov, is clearly evident in his novel When the Mountains Fall (The Eternal Bride) . The view of the Kyrgyz writer is focused on an individual that has found himself in a new historical condition. The humanistic ideas are affirmed in the last novel of C.T. Aitmatov through a series of antitheses - good and evil, high and low, mountains and city, natural and social.
NIZHNY NOVGOROD TEXT AND ITS CREATORS
Authors:   INION RAN, Petrova Tatiana
Published: April 2021

Defining the cultural and literary code of the Nizhny Novgorod land is an important philological task, and the Nizhny Novgorod text has become an object of literary reflection. The search for spiritual meaning, the analysis of aesthetic systems in the phenomenon of the Nizhny Novgorod text, its creators are discussed in this review of scientific articles.
Komparasi Adaboost dan Bagging Dengan Naïve Bayes Pada Dataset Bank Direct Marketing
Authors: Rousyati Rousyati , Rais Amin Nur , Hasan Noor , Amir Richky Faizal , Warjiyono Warjiyono
Published: April 2021

Kampanye pemasaran produk bank secara langsung memiliki kegunaan bagi marketer untuk menawarkan produk baru kepada calon pelanggan yang ditargetkan. Dengan menggunakan data yang sudah ada yang bersumber dari pengalaman melakukan pemasaran dapat digunakan sebagai data yang akan diolah untuk membuat keputusan dimasa depan. Dengan menggunakan algoritma klasifikasi naïve bayes yang digabungkan dengan ensemble adaboost dan baaging, dilakukan percobaan untuk mendapatkan hasil komparasi akurasi dan presisi terbaik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan  melakukan 4 kali percobaan dengan skema hanya dengna algoritma naïve bayes, naïve bayes dengan adaboost, naïve bayes dengan bagging, dan naïve bayes dengan adaboost dan bagging. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan algoritma naïve bayes dengan adaboost dan bagging menghasilkan nilai akurasi terbaik sebesar 90,29%. Sedangkan pada presisi, diketahui bahwa nilai presisi terbaik pada percobaan algoritma naïve bayes saja dan naïve bayes dengna bagging dengan nilai presisi yang sama sebesar 94,99%.Kata Kunci : adaboost, bagging, naïve bayes, imbalance class
Penerapan Association Rule Menggunakan Apriori Untuk Rekomendasi Produksi Roti
Authors: Hartanti Dwi , Nofikasari Indah , Yusuf Hermawan Muhammad Arizal , Handayani Dwi
Published: April 2021

Bisnis mulai berkembang pesat pada masa sekarang. Salah satunya adalah bisnis dalam bidang bakery. Mega Saputera Bakery merupakan salah satu usaha dibidang penjulaan roti. Banyak jenis roti yang dijual dengan rasa yang berbeda-beda antara lain roti pisang coklat, roti mocca, roti konde, roti donat, roti pisang coklat goreng, roti kelapa, roti strawberry dan roti nanas. Dalam satu hari banyak transaksi yang terjadi pada pembelian roti. Tujuan dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pemodelan association rule untuk mengetahui pola pembelian roti oleh konsumen. Berdasarkan pola pembelian maka dapat di rekomendasikan produksi roti. Rekomendasi ini akan bermanfaat dalam prosuksi roti sehingga dalam produksi roti akan lebih optimal dan tidak merugikan pemilik karena banyak roti yang tidak terjual. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan nilai support dan nilai confident yang digunakan niali support minimal 25% dan nilai confident minimal 70%. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil untuk kombinasi 2 itemset didapatkan 11 kombnasi 2 itemset, 10 kombinasi 3 itemset dan 5 Kombinasi 4 itemset. Nilai lift ratio paling tinggi 2,073 dan paling rendah 1.285