bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations on human parvovirus B19 infection diagnosed in 2011
Authors: Mihály Ilona , Trethon András , Arányi Zsuzsanna , Lukács Adrienne , Kolozsi Tímea , Prinz Gyula , Marosi Anikó , Lovas Nóra , Dobner Ilona Sarolta , Prinz Géza , Szalai Zsuzsanna , Pék Tamás
Published: December 2012

Introduction: The incidence of human parvovirus B19 infection is unknown. Aim: A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory findings was carried out in patients diagnosed with human parvovirus B19 infection in 2011 in a virologic laboratory of a single centre in Hungary. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of patients with proven human parvovirus B19 infection were analysed using in- and out-patient files. Results: In 2011, 72 patients proved to have human parvovirus B19 infection with the use of enzyme immunoassay. The clinical diagnoses of these patients were as follows: human parvovirus B19 infection (30.6%), transient aplastic crisis (16.7%), arthritis (8.3%) and acute hepatitis (4.1%). Symptoms of each of the four phases of the infection occurred in various combinations with the exception of the monophase of cheek exanthema. This occurred without the presence of other symptoms in some cases. Leading symptoms and signs were exanthema (in 74.6% of cases), haematological disorders (in 69% of cases), fever (in 54.9% of cases) and arthritis (in 33.8% of cases). Several atypical dermatological symptoms were also observed. Acute arthritis without exanthema was noted in 8 patients. Of the 72 patients with proven human parvovirus B19 infection there were 7 pregnant women, and one of them had hydrops foetalis resulting spontaneous abortion. In 16 patients (22.5%) human parvovirus B19 IgG was undetectable despite an optimal time for testing. Conclusion: The observations of this study may contribute to a better recognition of clinical symptoms of human parvovirus B19 infection. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1948–1957.
BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT FOR PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING IN PERSONS WITH ACQUIRED BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Guercio John M , Johnson Taylor , Dixon Mark R
Published: December 2012

The present investigation examined a behavior‐analytic clinical treatment package designed to reduce the pathological gambling of 3 individuals with acquired brain injury. A prior history of pathological gambling of each patient was assessed via caregiver report, psychological testing, and direct observation of gambling behavior. Using an 8‐week one‐on‐one client—patient format, a treatment program was developed in which the patient learned about the antecedents, consequences, and motivating operations that controlled the emission of gambling behavior. Data were collected on both self‐report of gambling urges and behavior following therapy and during in situ gambling opportunities. The therapy program reduced urges to gamble and actual gambling for all patients. The potential of behavior‐analytic therapy for reducing the pathological gambling of patients with and without brain injury is discussed.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF INAPPROPRIATE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN STUDENTS WITH ASPERGER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Roantree Christina F , Kennedy Craig H
Published: December 2012

We analyzed the inappropriate social interactions of 3 students with Asperger's syndrome whose behavior was maintained by social positive reinforcement. We tested whether inappropriate social behavior was sensitive to social positive reinforcement contingencies and whether such contingencies could be reversed to increase the probability of socially appropriate responding. Our results show that social positive reinforcers can be identified for inappropriate social interactions and that appropriate social behaviors can be sensitive to reinforcement contingency reversals.
SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF VARIABLES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO NONCOMPLIANCE: A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION
Authors: McKerchar Paige M , Abby Layla
Published: December 2012

The effects of time‐out and escape extinction were examined with 2 preschoolers after we identified variables that may have resulted in noncompliance. Results of a functional analysis showed that noncompliance was highest in the escape condition for both participants. During the treatment evaluation, escape extinction resulted in greater reductions in noncompliance relative to time‐out.
USING A BLOCKED‐TRIALS PROCEDURE TO TEACH IDENTITY MATCHING TO A CHILD WITH AUTISM
Authors: Slocum Sarah K , Miller Sarah J , Tiger Jeffrey H
Published: December 2012

Children with autism may struggle in developing conditional discrimination repertoires. Saunders and Spradlin (1989, 1990, 1993) arranged “blocked” teaching trials in which they presented the same sample stimulus repeatedly across trials (in lieu of randomly alternating targets across trials) and then faded the number of trials in each block. We replicated the effects of this blocked‐trials procedure in teaching identity matching to a child with autism and evaluated the necessity of fading. Arranging blocked trials facilitated the acquisition of identity matching, but fading the block size was not necessary to maintain discriminated performance.
Analysis of the organic contaminants in the condensate produced in the in situ underground coal gasification process
Authors: Smoliński Adam , Stańczyk Krzysztof , Kapusta Krzysztof , Howaniec Natalia
Published: December 2012

Addressing the environmental risks related to contamination of groundwater with the phenolics, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which might be potentially released from the underground coal gasification (UCG) under adverse hydrogeological and/or operational conditions, is crucial in terms of wider implementation of the process. The aim of this study was to determine the main organic pollutants present in the process condensate generated during the UCG trial performed on hard coal seam in the Experimental Mine ‘Barbara’, Poland; 8,933 L of condensate was produced in 813 h of experiment duration (including 456 h of the post-process stage) with average phenolics, BTEX and PAH concentrations of 576,000, 42.3 and 1,400.5 μg/L, respectively. The Hierarchical Clustering Analysis was used to explore the differences and similarities between the samples. The sample collected during the first 48 h of the process duration was characterized by the lowest phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene contents, high xylene content and the highest concentrations of phenolics, benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene. The samples collected during the stable operation of the UCG process were characterized by higher concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, while in the samples acquired in the post-process stage the lowest concentrations of benzene, toluene, naphthalene, acenaphthene and fluorene were observed.
Comparison of the treatment performance of bio-substrate based and meadow brown soil based subsurface infiltration systems for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Li Ying-Hua , Li Hai-Bo , Wang Hong , Wang Xin , Zou Yi , Sun Tie-Heng
Published: December 2012

To foster the practical development of subsurface wastewater infiltration (SWI) systems in China, two systems were implemented on the campus of Shenyang University. The bio-substrate filled SWI (BSWI) and meadow brown soil filled SWI (MSWI) system operated under the same operation mode. According to the 12-month experimental results, the bio-substrate had much higher potential to be a good substrate as compared to the meadow brown soil. The maximum adsorbing capability for NH4+-N of the bio-substrate was 0.724 mg/g, while for the meadow brown soil, the maximum value was 0.471 mg/g. The amounts of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria of the BSWI were one order of magnitude higher than that for the MSWI. Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen concentrations implied nitrification–denitrification process went well in the BSWI. Moreover, the BSWI system maintained efficient pollutants removal, the mean removal efficiencies were 92.3 ± 1.5%, 96.5 ± 3.1%, 90.0 ± 2.1%, 78.6 ± 1.2%, 91.2 ± 1.1% and 99.7 ± 1.0% for COD, BOD5, NH4+-N, TN, TP and SS, respectively. As compared with the MSWI system, pollutant removal efficiencies improved by 26.8 ± 2.3% for NH4+-N, 33.8 ± 1.7% for TN, 22.4 ± 1.4% for COD, 26.0 ± 3.5% for BOD5 and14.7 ± 2.9% for TP, respectively.
Assessment of rainwater harvesting systems at a university in Taipei
Authors: Chiang V. C. , Kao M. H. , Liu J. C.
Published: December 2012

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHSs), a pilot-scale one (PSR) and a full-scale one (FSR), at a university campus in Taipei were assessed. Characteristics of harvested rainwater were analyzed, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total coliform (TC), concentration of 14 metals (Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) and concentration of 3 anions (Cl−, SO42− and NO3−). Rainwater in the FSR had pH in the neutral range and high alkalinity, whereas those of the PSR were acidic and with low buffer ability because of different catchment materials. Median concentrations of 14 metals from two RWHSs were low, except for Na, Ca, K and Mg. Anions, including Cl−, NO3−, and SO42− showed much higher concentration in winter, indicating the influences of marine source and northeast monsoon. Effects of 14-day storage were examined and it was found that pH did not change, while EC, turbidity and DOC slightly decreased. Concentrations of anions and metals were stable, and TC counts of harvested rainwater increased in the beginning, and then declined with storage time. During antecedent dry days, total suspended particulates (TSPs) were collected and their dissolution was examined. Preliminary correlation of wet and dry depositions with rainwater quality was explored.
Stochastic hydro-economic model for groundwater quality management using Bayesian networks
Authors: Molina José-Luis , Pulido-Velázquez Manuel , Llopis-Albert Carlos , Peña-Haro Salvador
Published: December 2012

A strong normative development in Europe, including the Nitrate Directive (1991) and the Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000), has been promulgated. The WFD states that all water bodies have to reach a good quantitative and chemical status by 2015. It is necessary to consider different objectives, often in conflict, for tackling a suitable assessment of the impacts generated by water policies aimed to reduce nitrate pollution in groundwater. For that, an annual lumped probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) has been designed for hydro-economic modelling of groundwater quality control under uncertain conditions. The information introduced in the BN model comes from different sources such as previous groundwater flow and mass transport simulations, hydro-economic models, stakeholders and expert opinion, etc. The methodology was applied to the El Salobral–Los Llanos aquifer unit within the ‘Easter Mancha’ groundwater body, which is one of the largest aquifers in Spain (7,400 km2), included in the Júcar River Basin. Over the past 30 years, socioeconomic development within the region has been mainly depending on intensive use of groundwater resources for irrigating crops. This has provoked a continuous groundwater level fall in the last two decades and significant streamflow depletion in the connected Júcar River. This BN model has proved to be a robust Decision Support System for helping water managers in the decision making process.
Adsorption characteristics of ammonium exchange by zeolite and the optimal application in the tertiary treatment of coking wastewater using response surface methodology
Authors: Zhao Cui , Zheng Zhongyuan , Zhang Jing , Wen Donghui , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: December 2012

Natural zeolite is a favorable NH4+-ion exchanger in the tertiary wastewater treatment. In this study, a natural Chinese zeolite was anatomized using the mercury injection method, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron micrographs. The kinetic process of ammonium adsorption onto the zeolite was best described by the pseudo second order model; the adsorption equilibrium data fitted better to the Freundlich isotherm; and the exchange between ammonium and alkali/alkaline earth cations was in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. Finally, the zeolite powder was applied for the tertiary treatment of coking wastewater, which still contained high concentration of ammonium after the secondary treatment by a sequencing batch reactor. The Box–Behnken design was used to design the experimental protocol, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of adsorption factors. The RSM analysis showed the optimal adsorption factors as particle size, 0.03 mm; initial dosage of zeolite powder, 50.0 g/L; and contact time, 24 h. The highest ammonium removal rate was 75.0% predicted by the RMS. Considering settleability of the zeolite powder, the particle size of 0.25 mm was recommended in practice with a little loss of the ammonium removal: 70.9% as the RMS predicted.
Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants
Authors: Azaizeh H. , Linden K. G. , Barstow C. , Kalbouneh S. , Tellawi A. , Albalawneh A. , Gerchman Y.
Published: December 2012

Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.
Antinomies of „truth and reconciliation“: Post-Yugoslav cases
Authors: Karamanic Slobodan
Published: December 2012

The paper offers a critical evaluation of the theoretical propositions and
practical uses of the concept of ?truth and reconciliation? (T&R), with
special regard to the post-Yu?goslav case studies. Firstly, the paper
indicates an antinomy situated between the liberal principle of individual
autonomy and attempts to establish an ?organised memory.? Drawing from the
concept of ?Serbian collective responsibility,? it is demonstrated how this
conceptual framework undermines both the political and private autonomy of
citizen, by translating the question of responsibility into the collective
moral and cultural domain. Secondly, the ?organised memory,? which calls for
identification with ?national crimes?, creates a short-circuit, resulting in
re-nationalising rather than de-nationalising the figure of citizen. As a
result, the forms of organized national memory induce structural
limitations, producing the fragmentation of truth into separate ?national
truths.? Thirdly, the concept is both abstract (prescriptive and
trans-historical) and empirical (descriptive and enclosed within the
framework of given subjectivities and categories). A paradoxical result is
that T&Rtakes the consequences as its ends, whilst taking for granted the
political identities constructed in the course of the conflict. In addition,
the no?tion of truth in use here is reductive, aiming mostly at registering
and measuring the ?forensic truth? of the conflict. Finally, the absolute
structural limitation of T&Rrepresents the nation state itself. Since the
alternative name of T&Ris ?official truth seeking? (Pricilla Hayner), this
concept finds itself entrapped within the limits of the existing state?s
institutional framework, depending on the ?good will? of political elites.
At the same time, the given ?truths? are depoliticised and medicalised. The
paper concludes that rather than opening new avenues for the emergence of
genuinely new political subjectivities, the T&Rparadigm effectively blocks
the process of disidentification and the creation of a new political subject
liberated from a narrowly defined community bound to the common (national)
substance and history.
Variants of „Third Serbia“
Authors: Spasic Ivana , Petrovic Tamara
Published: December 2012

This paper examines different forms in which ?Third Serbia? is being
discursively constructed. This concept has recently been offered within the
public arena as the alternative to the former division into ?First? and
?Second? Serbia. Although the name is the same, ?Third Serbia? is not one but
many. They all share an explicit call for overcoming cleavages and extremes,
which are perceived as overdrawn, artificial, and/or removed from genuine
concerns and interests of Serbian society. There is also a moral claim
contained in this, since what is offered is presented as better and more
correct than the previous dichotomy. The various facets of ?Third Serbia?,
their similarities and divergences, will be explored based on the analysis of
a corpus of texts from daily and weekly press in which this signifier is
found.
Historical education in the process of democratic transition: The Czech case
Authors: Najbert Jaroslav
Published: December 2012

In his article the author focuses on the process of dealing with the past
using the example of Czech democratic transition after 1989. First he defines
the very concept ?dealing with the past? in order to define the role of
historiography and school education in a symbolic level of such a process. He
deals with three basic problems - cultivation of historical consciousness
within school environment, implementation of modern didactical concepts and
finally using the Czech experience with post-communist historical education
he outlines problematic issues surrounding the process of dealing with the
past. Besides other things he concentrates on didactic aspects of the concept
of cultural and communicative memory.
On the role of the president of the state in the process of the reconciliation with past: French experience
Authors: Milidrag Predrag
Published: December 2012

The article analyzes the role of the presidents of French Fifth Republic in
the process of the French reconciliation with its Vichy past, i.e. with
collaboration and participation in the Final solution of Jewish question in
Europe during Second World War. It is analyzed De Gaulle?s creation of
?resistancialist myth?; Mitterrand?s Pre-War as well as War past, his
friendship with R. Bousquet and his refusal to speak at the Commemoration in
1992; Chirac?s speech in which he admitted collective responsibility of
France and Frenchmen. In the final chapter, on the basis of the French
experience, some conclusions have been drawn which could be relevant for
Serbia today. These are the most important ones: the building of the myth
immediately following a traumatic period is an unavoidable phase; neither the
political left nor right are a priori a positive factor in the process of the
reconciliation with the past; the president of the state must have a ?vision
of the statesman?; the explicit verbal recognition of the responsibility is
necessary.
Discourse of the postgeneration: Remembrance and identity of the descendants of the perpetrators and the victims of the holocaust
Authors: Matejic Julija
Published: December 2012

By analyzing the role of the family in the process of inter/transgenerational
inheritance of trauma and memory (remembrance), the paper is an attempt at
providing an answer to how the un-experienced past affects the lives of the
descendants of the direct perpetrators and victims of the Holocaust, or
rather, how it affects the identity forming of the so-called postgeneration.
As the temporal distance from the Second World War increases, and as the
number of those with immediate experiences and memories decreases, the
expressions like memory and remembrance begin to lose their conventional
meaning. As the research shows, even with the lack of first-hand experience,
the descendents of those who survived mass traumatic events are subjectively
deeply attached to the memory of the previous generation (so much so that
they label that attachment as remembrance, and they feel their parents?
traumas as their own). Given the fact that it is not possible to physically
transfer the trauma and memory to descendants, the paper analyzes and
compares the terminology that the professional literature has adopted so far,
i.e. secondary traumatization (in case of a child), tertian traumatization
(in case of a grandchild), as well as echoes of the trauma and postmemory.
The main thesis of this paper is that echoes of the memory and echoes of the
trauma cause the so-called identity crisis of the Holocaust postgeneration,
that is, only facing the past leads to postgeneration?s coming to terms with
it.
Flooded with memories: Emergence and development of the “memory boom”
Authors: Bajovic Tijana
Published: December 2012

This paper aims to describe the development of the recent wave of interest in
memory and the past in general (so-called ?memory boom?), as well as the
overall cultural climate that encouraged this ?invasion? of the past in both
public and scientific discourses. While the first wave of memory boom was
supposed to legitimate the emerging nation-states, the second boom signified
the exhaustion of the old paradigm of nationalism, decline of the
nation-state, as well as the emergence of a new paradigm: globalization.
Self-portrait of the philosopher in the context of the enlightement
Authors: Radakovic Vanja
Published: December 2012

In the history of philosophy, Jean-Jacques Rousseau is mainly considered as
an atypical philosopher of the Enlightenment, as a pioneer of the
revolutionary idea of a free civilian state and natural law; in literary
history, he is considered the forerunner of Romanticism, the writer who
perfected the form of an epistolary novel, as well as a sentimentalist.
However, this paper focuses on the biographical approach, which was mostly
excluded in observation of those works revealing Rousseau as the originator
of the autobiographical novelistic genre. The subject of this paper is the
issue of credibility of self-portraits, and through this problem it
highlights the facts from the author?s life. This paper relies on a
biographical approach, not in the positivistic sense but in the
phenomenological key. This paper is mainly inspired by the works of the
Geneva School theorists - Starobinski, Poulet and Rousset.
Schubert and Beethoven - Adorno’s early antipods of the music in bougeois epoch
Authors: Jeremic-Molnar Dragana , Molnar Aleksandar
Published: December 2012

In this article the authors are reconstructing the dichotomies which the
young Theodor Adorno was trying to detect in the music of the bourgeois epoch
and personify in two antipodes - Franz Schubert and Ludwig van Beethoven.
Although already a devotee of Arnold Sch?nberg and the 20th century music
avantgardism, Adorno was, in his works prior to his exile from Germany
(1934), intensively dealing with Schubert and his opposition towards
Beethoven. While Beethoven was a bold and progressive revolutionary,
fascinated by the ?practical reason? and the mission to rise up and reach the
stars, Schubert wanted none of it (almost anticipating the failure of the
whole revolutionary project). Instead, he was looking backwards, to
primordial nature and the possibility of man to participate in its mythic
cycles of death and regeneration. The lack of synthesis between this two
opposing tendencies in the music of early bourgeois epoch lead to the
?negative dialectics? of Sch?nberg and 20th century music avantgardism and to
the final separation of Beethovenian musical progress and Schubertian musical
mimesis.
The concept of “musical degeneration”: From fin-de-siècle pesimism to the nationalsocialist rule
Authors: Vasiljevic Maja
Published: December 2012

The paper follows the discursive path of one of the dominant, and yet
forgotten, terms in the history of ideas - that of ?degeneration.? The
richness of uses and various illuminations of the term, as well as its
discursive dispersion and blurring, can be seen from the mid 19th until the
first decades of the 20th century. The term was almost inescapable in studies
of thinkers from various fields starting in the middle of the 19th century,
it was successfully adopted from French, Italian and British medical
terminology into the art discourse of modern European societies. By focusing
on music, the given term became permanently tied to thinking about relations
of music and society in the German-speaking world. In a complex discursive
development of the term, the author necessarily made certain choices, paying
special attention to the Austro-Hungarian psychologists, Max Nordau who
carried the concept of ?degeneration? from the medical to the art (and music)
sphere. The debate regarding the ?degeneration of music,? was developed
chronologically, starting from the Second Reich (being the time in which one
of the most controversial composers lived, Richard Wagner). While Wagner
developed a theory of ?degeneration? and its overcoming through
?regeneration,? he was still considered ?degenerated.? The given example
reveals the complexity of the problem we face when we study the concept of
?degeneration of music.? The consideration is completed with a glance at the
life of ?degenerated? musicians and music during the Weimar Republic, that
is, their interpretation in the Third Reich.
The interpretation of artistic practices in Gramsci’s discourse: Towards the Gramscian analysis of music of modern and postmodern times
Authors: Vesic Ivana
Published: December 2012

Antonio Gramsci dedicated a lot of his attention in his writings to the
analysis of the cultural practices and their function in the socio-historical
processes. An important segment of his work included the analysis of art and
literature of modern times which was indirectly incorporated into the
discussion of the problem of usefulness of historical materialism as a
philosophical and social practice, social power and its cultural and
historical appearances, cultural and political emancipation of subaltern
classes etc. Mostly focusing on the explication of socio-cultural, political
and historical dimensions of Italian literature of Renaissance and the modern
period, Gramsci elaborated a sketch of his own version of Marxist aesthetic
proposing specific interpretations of the problem of social function of
artistic practices, the nature of artistic action and artwork and the
consumption of artistic artifacts. In this paper we will discuss Gramsci?s
thought on art in the context of his comprehensive theoretical, philosophical
and historical research aiming at elaborating a Gramscian model of analysis
of music practices of modern and postmodern times. One of our results should
be the examination of the possibilities of the analysis of music based on
Gramsci?s theory as well as the critical review of the application of its
main concepts in the existing body of research on music.
Socialism and culture: Do we remember it at all?
Authors: Boskovic Dusan
Published: December 2012

The immediate motive for organizing the Belgrade symposium ?Socialism and
Culture? held in late 1969 were prohibitions. After June 1968 there were
about forty political interventions in Serbia (while there had been none in
the previous twenty years), considerably more than in other Yugoslav
republics. The conclusion that was reached was that cultural life was
provincialized and underdeveloped. The author in this paper extends the topic
to a more global level since the intentions of the dialogue allowed for that.
Data on Goli Otok, provided by Milovan Djilas, fit well with these facts. The
Otok was the most drastic and dramatic prohibition in the entire history of
the Second Yugoslavia. From both contemporary and presentday perspectives,
the symposium may be interpreted as a cry for freedom. In this conversation,
the members of the Belgrade wing of the Praxis group played a crucial role.
Some of these same people would later participate in the events infamously
marking the 1990s, above all the civil and religious wars. The Zagreb
?headquarters? of Praxis was, on the contrary, never affected by the
nationalist virus. Finally, arguments are proposed about Dobrica Cosic as the
Serbian Faust, and the thesis of this writer being the Father of the Nation
is contested.
Nietzsche’s critique of moral values
Authors: Savic Mico
Published: December 2012

In this article the author argues that Nietzsche?s critique of morality is
based on his metaphysics in which the notion of will to power conceived in
the spirit of the Greek concept of physis plays a key role. He demonstrates
that the revaluation of all values as overcoming of Platonist-Christian
nihilism is aimed at the affirmation of ?living in accordance with nature?,
whereby nature is understood just as physis. He also shows why, for
Nietzsche, pretension to universality and objectivity of the dominant value
system is not justified. Finally, the author points to the difficulties of
Nietzsche?s (inverse) Platonism and concludes that the failure of modernity
to justify morality imposes the task of examining the possibilities of
rehabilitation of Aristotle?s practical philosophy.
The philosopher in Plato’s state
Authors: Nikitovic Aleksandar
Published: December 2012

Plato?s political theory rests on metaphysical principles that are
understandable to only a few. It is assumed that only a narrow group of
philosophers is able to put this theory into practice, and using repressive
measures. The fewer the initiated the greater the repression. It is assumed
that those who do not know the truth can neither predict their destiny nor do
anything to make it better because they are unable to understand the goal and
purpose of the repression. It is demonstrated that, in the imagined use of
force, the sophists, who do acknowledge it, resort to repression to a much
lesser extent than Plato?s philosopher. At first, Plato?s philosopher rejects
the use of force as virtue, but it turns out to be indispensible, and in
incomparably more aspects than it was in the sophists? case.
Night work, total occupational burden and cancer/cardiovascular risk factors in physicians
Authors: Belkic Karen , Nedic Olesja
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Lifestyle-related risk factors: smoking, obesity, sedentariness
and excess alcohol intake are among the most important known causes of cancer
and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to examine the
relationship between these lifestyle-related risk factors for
cancer/cardiovascular disease and working conditions among
surgeons/anesthesiologists and other physicians. Material and Methods. The
study was carried out among physicians aged 35 to 60, without diagnosed
coronary heart disease or other structural heart disease, who were employed
at the Novi Sad University Hospital. The participation rate was high (> 90%).
The physicians completed the Occupational Stress Index. Low lifestyle-related
cancer/cardiovascular risk was defined as: not a current smoker, body mass
index < 28, regular recreational physical activity and not consuming alcohol
every day. Analysis of covariance was performed. Results. Of 191 physicians
included in this study only 23 (12.0%) had a low lifestyle- related
cancer/cardiovascular risk. Surgeons/anesthesiologists faced a heavier total
work stressor burden than physicians in other profiles (87.7?8.8 versus
74.1?10.5, p=0.000). Among the 56 surgeons/anesthesiologists, lower
nightshift work scores were associated with low lifestyle-related
cancer/cardiovascular risk (F=4.19, p=0.046). A lower overall work stressor
burden was associated with low risk among the other 135 physicians (F=4.06,
p=0.046). Conclusion. Specific workplace intervention strategies are urgently
needed. Among the surgeons/anesthesiologists these should include reduction
in the frequency of night call and improvement of the overall conditions of
nightshift work. Among other physicians, the total occupational burden needs
to be diminished.
Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe
Authors: Todorovic-Djilas Ljiljana , Bajkin Ivana , Icin Tijana , Novakovic-Paro Jovanka , Kovacev-Zavisic Branka
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting
substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element
that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism.
Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for
thyroxine - the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine
deficiency. The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid
function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain
disorders and goiter. Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of
preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. It also
decreases child survival, causes goiters, and impairs growth and development.
Iodine deficiency disorders in pregnant women cause miscarriages,
stillbirths, and other complications. Children with iodine deficiency
disorders can grow up stunted, apathetic, mentally retarded, and incapable of
normal movements, speech or hearing. Excessive Iodine Intake. Excessive
iodine intake, which can trigger autoimmune thyroid disease and dysfunction,
is on the other side. Iodine use in Case of Nuclear Catastrophe. In addition
to other severe consequences of radioactivity, high amount of radioactive
iodine causes significant increase in incidence of thyroid gland carcinoma
after some of the nuclear catastrophes (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl,
Fukushima). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was increased mostly in
children. This paper was aimed at clarifying some of the possibilities of
prevention according to the recommendations given by the World Health
Organization.
Retraction note
Authors: Urednistvo U
Published: December 2012

nema
Histological characteristics of soft tissue after implanting bioceramical materials and estimation of biocompatibility
Authors: Markovic Danica , Radovanovic Anita , Kovacevic-Filipovic Milica , Francuski Jelena , Todorovic Vera
Published: December 2012

Histological evaluations of soft tissue reactions in implanted biomaterials
is a long established method of investigating their biocompatibility. It is a
very important procedure convenient for various biomaterials, as appropriate
for soft as for hard tissue, but at the same time this method is not
sufficient for a prediction of their clinic performance. The wide spread
practice of this method is in the simplicity of its use in subcutaneous or
intramuscular implantations on the animal model, and consequently exploring
principal and surrounding tissue is very simple with screening tests for
esimating the irritaton index and interaction between tissue and
biomaterials. The screening tests (evaluation tests) involve implantation of
biomaterials in various locations in the body, different tissue treatment as
immunohistochemical tissue analysis, transmissional, scanning and confocal
microscopy. Interactions among soft tissue with bioceramics and the
evaluation of their cellular and tissue performance in inflammation and
immunological response are the first step in the estimation of
biocompatibility.
Forensic analysis of bone in Regio antebrachii of deer (Capreolus capreolus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in order to determine origin of animal species
Authors: Blagojevic Milos , Aleksic Jelena
Published: December 2012

There are frequent cases of poaching in which it is necessary to determine to
which animal species the prey belonged on the basis of morphological
characteristics of the bone. In this case, the Department of Forensic
Medicine received material for giving an expert opinion on the left and right
forearm (radius and ulna) and twelve pieces of the ribs. The ribs were
completely broken, so in order to identify the bones as belonging to a
particular animal species, only the radius and ulna were used. Forensic
analysis was perfomed by comparing the osteological features of the delivered
bones with those of museum specimens of deer and sheep bones. The forearm
(ossa antebrachii) of the deer is slender and thin, and it is massive and
heavier in sheep. There are two interosseus spaces (spatium interosseum
antebrachii) of the forearm in the deer and only one in the sheep. The
olecranon tuber (tuber olecrani) of the sheep is triangular in shape, and in
deer it is divided into cranial and caudal prominences. The radial tuberosity
(tuberositas radii) of the sheep is better defined. Based on morphological
characteristics of the disputed bones we found that the submitted material
originated from a doe.
Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Dragovic Gordana , Grbovic Leposava , Jevtovic Djordje
Published: December 2012

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Rare localisation of breast cancer metastasis to thyroid gland
Authors: Kolarevic Daniela , Tomasevic Zorica , Markovic Ivan , Zegarac Milan , Pupic Gordana
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Metastases to the thyroid gland are very rare. They are usually
seen in malignant melanoma, kidney, breast cancer and lung cancer. Case
report. We presented a 54- years-old female patient with breast cancer
diagnosed in 2002. The adequate surgical procedure was done and the tumor and
axillary lymph nodes were removed. The patient also received adjuvant
postoperative chemotherapy. After seven years of a disease free period, the
first relapse of the disease was detected as thyroid gland tumor with
axillary lymphadenopathy. The patient had a good response to systemic
treatment so the surgical removal of thyroid gland and enlarged lymph nodes
was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed metastasis with breast
cancer origin. Radical mastectomy was also preformed. Second relapse of the
disease was detected 10 months later, while the patient was on hormonal
therapy. It was manifested as the appearance of bone and skin metastases,
pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy. Conclusion. This case report emphasized
the importance of detailed examination of any new onset of thyroid swelling
in a patient with previous history of malignancy.
Subdural tuberculous abscess of the lumbar spine in a patient with chronic low back pain
Authors: Mikic Dragan , Roganovic Zoran , Culafic Slobodan , Rajic-Dimitrijevic Radmila , Begovic Vesna , Milanovic Milomir
Published: December 2012

Introduction. Despite modern imaging methods, tuberculous abscess in the
subdural space of the spine can lead to misdiagnosis and to neurogical
complications development, even more up to paraplegia. We presented an
extremely rare case of subdural tuberculous abscess of the lumbar (L) spine
and paraparesis in imunocompetent a 49-year-old patient. Case report. A
patient with chronic L syndrome and a history of intervertebral (IV) disc L3
and L5 operations got severe back pain late in July 2007. At the same time
the patient had a purulent collection in the left knee, and was treated with
high doses of corticosteroids and antibiotics. Then, the patient got a high
fever, the amplification of pain in the L spine and the development of
paraparesis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 108 mm/1 h, Creactive protein
106.0 mg/L, white blood cell (WBC) 38.4 x 09/L with a left turn. Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was registered expansive formation in
the spinal canal, from the level of the IV disc L2 to the mid-L4 vertebral
body. This finding is a ?spoke? in favor of the extrusion and sequestration
of IV disc L3 with the cranial and caudal migration. The patient underwent an
emergency neurosurgical operation. The diagnosis of subdural staphylococcal
abscess of L spine was made. According to the antibiogram antibiotic therapy
was applied but without effect on the course of the disease. Control MRI of
the L spine showed spondylodiscitis L3/L4, abscess collection in the spinal
canal and paravertebral muscle abscess. Late in September 2007 the patient
underwent needle biopsy of the L3 vertebral body guided by computed
tomography and the acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were found. Tuberculostatics were
introduced in the therapy. Two years later the patient was without
significant personal difficulties, and with normal clinical, laboratory and
morphological findings. Conclusion. Subdural tuberculous abscess of the spine
is extremely rare manifestation of spine tuberculosis. The exact and early
diagnosis and adequate treatment of atypical form of spine tuberculosis are
key factors of good prognosis.
Wald und Klimawandel in der inneralpinen Trockenregion Visp
Authors: Rigling Andreas , Elkin Ché , Dobbertin Matthias , Eilmann Britta , Giuggiola Arnaud , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Bugmann Harald
Published: December 2012

Forest and climate change in the inner-Alpine dry region of Visp

Over the past decades, observed increases in temperature have been particularly pronounced in mountain regions. If this trend should continue in the 21st Century, frequency and intensity of droughts will increase, and will pose major challenges for forest management. Under current conditions drought-related tree mortality is already an important factor of forest ecosystems in dry inner-Alpine valleys. Here we assess the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to climate change and evaluate alternative forest management strategies in the Visp region. We integrate data from forest monitoring plots, field experiments and dynamic forests models to evaluate how the forest ecosystem services timber production, protection against natural hazards, carbon storage and biodiver-sity will be impacted. Our results suggest that at dry low elevation sites the drought tolerance of native tree species will be exceeded so that in the longer term a transition to more drought-adapted species should be considered. At medium elevations, drought and insect disturbances as by bark beetles are projected to be important for forest development, while at high elevations forests are projected to expand and grow better. All of the ecosystem services that we considered are projected to be impacted by changing forest conditions, with the specific impacts often being elevation-dependent. In the medium term, forest management that aims to increase the resilience of forests to drought can help maintain forest ecosystem services temporarily. However, our results suggest that relatively rigid management interventions are required to achieve significant effects. By using a combination of environmental monitoring, field experiments and modeling, we are able to gain insight into how forest ecosystem, and the services they provide, will respond to future changes.
Waldausdehnung im Berggebiet: Prozesse und Entwicklungen in der Schweizer Waldpolitik
Authors: Hirschi Christian , Widmer Alexander , Zimmermann Willi
Published: December 2012

Forest expansion in mountain areas: processes and developments in Swiss forest policy

The use and protection of mountain landscapes is steered by several public policies, yet forest and agricultural policies play a particularly crucial role due to the relatively large share of forested and agricultural land in those areas. Both forest and agricultural policy are traditional sectoral policies that went through significant changes over the last years. In this article, we focus on the reform efforts in Swiss forest policy with particular attention to the issue of forest expansion in mountain areas. We first describe the relevant forest policy reform processes over the period from the year 2000 to 2012 using the Actor-Process-Event Scheme (APES), and analyze the underlying policy network. We then refer to other policy developments with potentially significant effects on forested areas, including changes in agricultural policy, and discuss the resulting consequences for the specific situation in Swiss mountain areas. The study shows that not only the goals and instruments of the Swiss federal forest policy gradually changed, but also – at least partly – the decision-making structures. Furthermore, it can be shown that the issue of forest expansion in mountain areas has mainly been discussed in the context of forest policy processes. Solutions to the issue, however, will also require appropriate policy instruments in spatial planning and agricultural policy.
Vampires and Werewolves: Rewriting Religious and Racial Stereotyping in Stephenie Meyer's Twilight Series
Authors: Ledvinka Georgina
Published: December 2012

Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series (2005–8) demonstrates a strong connection with the theology, cultural practices and history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), of which Meyer is an active member. One of the strongest ways in which this connection is demonstrated is through characterisation: specifically, by featuring vampires and werewolves as prominent supernatural characters in the text. Twilight employs vampires as a metaphor for the LDS Church. By eschewing literature's traditional association of vampires with subversive acts, especially subversive sexuality, and rewriting them as clean-cut pillars of the community, Twilight not only charts but promotes the progression of Latter-day Saints from nineteenth century social pariahs to modern day exemplars of conservative American family values. The series represents its Native American shapeshifting werewolves as an ancient group of people from LDS scriptural history called Lamanites, who were cursed by God with ‘a skin of blackness’ for their ‘iniquity’ (Book of Mormon, 2 Nephi 5:21). The construction of the werewolves as impoverished and socially marginalised yet with strong family ties enables the treatment of race in Twilight to move beyond a standard white/non-white binary frame to engage at a deeper level with LDS stereotyping of Native American people.
The Pediatrician’s Role in Patient and Family Recovery after Child Abuse
Authors: Preer Genevieve , McAlister Groves Betsy
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review the neuropsychological impact of child maltreatment across the life span of the victim.

2.

Describe the essential role played by the pediatrician in the delivery of needed care to affected children and their families.

3.

Outline evidence-based therapeutic interventions for children affected by abuse.

Child abuse and neglect is a stubbornly persistent problem that affects patients in every pediatric practice, regardless of geography, socioeconomic status, culture, or race. In 2010, close to 700,000 children, or just less than 1% of all children in the United States, were victims of substantiated allegations of child maltreatment.
1
Incidents When Older Homebound Women Tried to Reach Help Quickly
Authors: Porter Eileen J. , Markham Melinda Stafford , Ganong Lawrence H.
Published: December 2012

During a longitudinal study of the experience of reaching help quickly, 34 homebound women (ages 85 to 97) who lived alone reported 106 reach-help-quickly incidents (RHQIs). The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge about RHQIs and intentions relative to them and to compare those facets of experience for subscribers to a personal emergency response system (PERS) and non-subscribers. We used a descriptive phenomenological method to analyze interview data, discerning six types of RHQIs, including
finding myself down right here, realizing that I might not be alright after falling and getting up on my own,
and
realizing that something I cannot explain is or could be wrong with me.
Intentions were focused on self-help before help seeking. The overall phenomenon was Handling a Situation When I Am Alone at Home and Probably Need Help Quickly. Practitioners should explore intentions about handling specific types of RHQIs and offer appropriate anticipatory guidance.