bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GFAP point-of-care measurement for prehospital diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in acute coma
Authors: Zylyftari Sabina , Luger Sebastian , Blums Kristaps , Barthelmes Stephan , Humm Sebastian , Baum Hannsjörg , Meckel Stephan , Braun Jörg , Lichy Gregor , Heilgeist Andreas , Kalra Love-Preet , Foerch Christian
Published: April 2024

Background

Prehospital triage and treatment of patients with acute coma is challenging for rescue services, as the underlying pathological conditions are highly heterogenous. Recently, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been identified as a biomarker of intracranial hemorrhage. The aim of this prospective study was to test whether prehospital GFAP measurements on a point-of-care device have the potential to rapidly differentiate intracranial hemorrhage from other causes of acute coma.

Methods

This study was conducted at the RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, a tertiary care hospital in the northern vicinity of Stuttgart, Germany. Patients who were admitted to the emergency department with the prehospital diagnosis of acute coma (Glasgow Coma Scale scores between 3 and 8) were enrolled prospectively. Blood samples were collected in the prehospital phase. Plasma GFAP measurements were performed on the i-STAT Alinity® (Abbott) device (duration of analysis 15 min) shortly after hospital admission.

Results

143 patients were enrolled (mean age 65 ± 20 years, 42.7% female). GFAP plasma concentrations were strongly elevated in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (n = 51) compared to all other coma etiologies (3352 pg/mL [IQR 613–10001] vs. 43 pg/mL [IQR 29–91.25], p < 0.001). When using an optimal cut-off value of 101 pg/mL, sensitivity for identifying intracranial hemorrhage was 94.1% (specificity 78.9%, positive predictive value 71.6%, negative predictive value 95.9%). In-hospital mortality risk was associated with prehospital GFAP values.

Conclusion

Increased GFAP plasma concentrations in patients with acute coma identify intracranial hemorrhage with high diagnostic accuracy. Prehospital GFAP measurements on a point-of-care platform allow rapid stratification according to the underlying cause of coma by rescue services. This could have major impact on triage and management of these critically ill patients.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on bowel habit and the gut microbiota in children with functional constipation (Inside study): study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre trial
Authors: Wegh Carrie A. M. , Schoterman Margriet H. C. , Vaughan Elaine E. , van der Zalm Sofie C. C. , Smidt Hauke , Belzer Clara , A. Benninga Marc
Published: April 2024

Background

Functional constipation (FC) in children is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a worldwide-pooled prevalence of 9.5%. Complaints include infrequent bowel movements, painful defecation due to hard and/or large stools, faecal incontinence, and abdominal pain. Prebiotic oligosaccharides have been shown to relieve constipation symptoms in young adults and elderly. However, sufficient evidence is lacking linking additional prebiotic intake to improve symptoms in children with FC. We hypothesise that prebiotic oligosaccharides are able to relieve symptoms of constipation in young children as well.

Methods

In the present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre study, we will study the effects of two prebiotic oligosaccharides in comparison to placebo on constipation symptoms in children of 1–5 years (12 to 72 months) of age diagnosed with FC according to the Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders. The primary outcome measure will be change in stool consistency. Secondary outcomes include stool frequency and stool consistency in a number of cases (%). Tertiary outcomes include among others painful defecation, use of rescue medication, and quality of life. In addition, the impact on gut microbiome outcomes such as faecal microbiota composition and metabolites will be investigated. Participants start with a run-in period, after which they will receive supplements delivered in tins with scoops for 8 weeks, containing one of the two prebiotic oligosaccharides or placebo, followed by a 4-week wash-out period.

Discussion

This randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study will investigate the effectiveness of prebiotic oligosaccharides in children aged 1–5 years with FC.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04282551. Registered on 24 February 2020.
Impact of environmental factors on Biomphalaria pfeifferi vector capacity leading to human infection by Schistosoma mansoni in two regions of western Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sokouri Edwige A. , Ahouty Ahouty Bernardin , N’Djetchi Martial , Abé Innocent A. , Yao Ble Gbacla Flora Dominique , Konan Thomas Konan , MacLeod Annette , Noyes Harry , Nyangiri Oscar , Matovu Enock , Koffi Mathurin ,   the TrypanoGEN+ Research Group of the H3Africa Consortium
Published: April 2024

A﻿bstract

Background

Intestinal schistosomiasis remains a worrying health problem, particularly in western Côte d'Ivoire, despite control efforts. It is therefore necessary to understand all the factors involved in the development of the disease, including biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the factors that could support the maintenance of the intermediate host and its vectorial capacity in western Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods

Data on river physicochemical, microbiological, and climatic parameters, the presence or absence of snails with Schistosoma mansoni, and human infections were collected between January 2020 and February 2021. Spearman rank correlation tests, Mann–Whitney, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and an appropriate model selection procedure were used to analyze the data.

Results

The overall prevalence of infected snails was 56.05%, with infection reaching 100% in some collection sites and localities. Of 26 sites examined, 25 contained thermophilic coliforms and 22 contained Escherichia coli. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was observed in environments with lower land surface temperature (LST) and higher relative air humidity (RAH), and B. pfeifferi infection predominated in more acidic environments. Thermal coliforms and E. coli preferred higher pH levels. Lower maximum LST (LST_Max) and higher RAH and minimum LST (LST_Min) were favorable to E. coli, and lower LST_Max favored coliforms. The presence of B. pfeifferi was positively influenced by water temperature (T °C), LST_Min, RAH, and precipitation (Pp) (P < 0.05) and negatively influenced by pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), LST_Max, and mean land surface temperature (LST). The parameters pH, TDS, EC, LST_Min, LST, and Pp had a positive impact on snail infection, while LST_Max had a negative impact on infection. Only pH had a positive effect on coliform and E. coli abundance. Of the 701 people examined for human schistosomiasis, 73.13% were positive for the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test and 12.01% for the Kato–Katz (KK) test. A positive correlation was established between human infections and the abundance of Biomphalaria (r2 = 0.879, P = 0.04959).

Conclusions

The results obtained reflect the environmental conditions that are conducive to the maintenance of S. mansoni infection in this part of the country. To combat this infection as effectively as possible, it will be necessary not only to redouble efforts but also to prioritize control according to the level of endemicity at the village level.

Graphical Abstract
Case report: Aberrant fecal microbiota composition of an infant diagnosed with prolonged intestinal botulism
Authors: Douillard François P. , Derman Yağmur , Jian Ching , Korpela Katri , Saxén Harri , Salonen Anne , de Vos Willem M. , Korkeala Hannu , Lindström Miia
Published: April 2024

Background

Intestinal botulism is primarily reported in small babies as a condition known as infant botulism. The condition results from the ingestion of environmental or foodborne spores of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) producing Clostridia, usually Clostridium botulinum, and subsequent spore germination into active botulinum neurotoxinogenic cultures in the gut. It is generally considered that small babies are susceptible to C. botulinum colonization because of their immature gut microbiota. Yet, it is poorly understood which host factors contribute to the clinical outcome of intestinal botulism. We previously reported a case of infant botulism where the infant recovered clinically in six weeks but continued to secrete C. botulinum cells and/or BoNT in the feces for seven months.

Case presentation

To further understand the microbial ecology behind this exceptionally long-lasting botulinum neurotoxinogenic colonization, we characterized the infant fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing over the course of disease and recovery. C. botulinum could be detected in the infant fecal samples at low levels through the acute phase of the disease and three months after recovery. Overall, we observed a temporal delay in the maturation of the infant fecal microbiota associated with a persistently high-level bifidobacterial population and a low level of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae compared to healthy infants over time.

Conclusion

This study brings novel insights into the infant fecal composition associated with intestinal botulism and provides a basis for a more systematic analysis of the gut microbiota of infants diagnosed with botulism. A better understanding of the gut microbial ecology associated with infant botulism may support the development of prophylactic strategies against this life-threatening disease in small babies.
Vascular dysfunction in sporadic bvFTD: white matter hyperintensity and peripheral vascular biomarkers
Authors: Chu Min , Jiang Deming , Nan Haitian , Wen Lulu , Liu Li , Qu Miao , Wu Liyong
Published: April 2024

Background

Vascular dysfunction was recently reported to be involved in the pathophysiological process of neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically explore vascular dysfunction, including changes in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and peripheral vascular markers in bvFTD.

Methods

Thirty-two patients with bvFTD who with no vascular risk factors were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and assessed using positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MRI) imaging, peripheral plasma vascular/inflammation markers, and neuropsychological examinations. Group differences were tested using Student’st-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. A partial correlation analysis was implemented to explore the association between peripheral vascular markers, neuroimaging, and clinical measures.

Results

WMH was mainly distributed in anterior brain regions. All peripheral vascular factors including matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, osteopontin, and pentraxin-3 were increased in the bvFTD group. WMH was associated with the peripheral vascular factor pentraxin-3. The plasma level of MMP-1 was negatively correlated with the gray matter metabolism of the frontal, temporal, insula, and basal ganglia brain regions. The WMHs in the frontal and limbic lobes were associated with plasma inflammation markers, disease severity, executive function, and behavior abnormality. Peripheral vascular markers were associated with the plasma inflammation markers.

Conclusions

WMHs and abnormalities in peripheral vascular markers were found in patients with bvFTD. These were found to be associated with the disease-specific pattern of neurodegeneration, indicating that vascular dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of bvFTD. This warrants further confirmation by postmortem autopsy. Targeting the vascular pathway might be a promising approach for potential therapy.
Healthcare staff’s perspectives on long-acting injectable buprenorphine treatment: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Nordgren Johan , Monwell Bodil , Johnson Björn , Gunnarsson Nina Veetnisha , Capusan Andrea Johansson
Published: April 2024

Background

Long-acting injectable buprenorphine (LAIB) formulations are a novel treatment approach in opioid agonist treatment (OAT), which provide patients with a steady dose administered weekly or monthly and thus reduce the need for frequent clinic visits. Several studies have analyzed patient experiences of LAIB but the perspective of OAT staff is unknown. This study aimed to explore how healthcare staff working in OAT clinics in Sweden perceive and manage treatment with LAIB.

Methods

Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with OAT physicians (n = 10) in tandem with nine focus group sessions with OAT nurses and other staff categories (n = 41). The data was analyzed with thematic text analysis.

Results

Five central themes were identified in the data: (1) advantages and disadvantages of LAIB, (2) patient categories that may or may not need LAIB, (3) patients’ degrees of medication choice, (4) keeping tabs, control and treatment alliance, and (5) LAIB’s impact on risk and enabling environments in OAT. Overall staff found more advantages than disadvantages with LAIB and considered that patients with ongoing substance use and low adherence were most likely to benefit from LAIB. However, less frequent visits were viewed as problematic in terms of developing a treatment alliance and being able to keep tabs on patients’ clinical status. Clinics differed regarding patients' degrees of choice in medication, which varied from limited to extensive. LAIB affected both risk and enabling environments in OAT.

Conclusions

LAIB may strengthen the enabling environment in OAT for some patients by reducing clinic visits, exposure to risk environments, and the pressure to divert medication. A continued discussion about the prerequisites and rationale for LAIB implementation is needed in policy and practice.
Who gets screened and who tests positive? Drug screening among justice-involved youth in a midwestern urban county
Authors: Clifton Richelle L. , Carson Ian , Dir Allyson L. , Tu Wanzhu , Zapolski Tamika C.B. , Aalsma Matthew C.
Published: April 2024

Background

Given high rates of substance use among justice-involved youth, justice systems have attempted to monitor use through drug screening (DS) procedures. However, there is discretion in deciding who is screened for substance use, as not every youth who encounters the system is screened. The aim of the current study was to examine factors associated with selection for and results of oral DS among justice-involved youth assigned to probation to better inform potential DS policy. Electronic court records from 4,668 youth with first-incident records assigned to probation in a midwestern urban county’s juvenile justice system between 2011 and 2016 were included in the analytical sample. Race/ethnicity, gender, age, number of charges and charge type for the current incident were included as independent variables.

Results

Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that males were more likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.40, 95%CI [0.34, 0.46]), and more likely to test positive for use (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.34, 0.54]) than females. As age increased, youth were less likely to be assigned to DS (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.87, 0.94]), with non-significant differences in DS results. Greater number of charges were associated with a higher likelihood of being assigned to DS (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.43, 1.68]). Youth with violent offenses were more likely to be assigned to DS than those with other offense types (property offenses, drug offenses, statutory offenses, disorderly conduct, and all other offenses), but less likely to test positive for use.

Conclusions

Many factors were associated with differences in DS, but these factors were not always associated with differential DS results. Demographic or charge-based decisions may not be appropriate for DS assignment.
CNS tumors with PLAGL1-fusion: beyond ZFTA and YAP1 in the genetic spectrum of supratentorial ependymomas
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Nicaise Yvan , Sievers Philipp , Sahm Felix , von Deimling Andreas , Guillemot Delphine , Pierron Gaëlle , Duchesne Mathilde , Edjlali Myriam , Dangouloff-Ros Volodia , Boddaert Nathalie , Roux Alexandre , Dezamis Edouard , Hasty Lauren , Lhermitte Benoît , Hirsch Edouard , Hirsch Maria Paola Valenti , Ardellier François-Daniel , Karnoub Mélodie-Anne , Csanyi Marie , Maurage Claude-Alain , Mokhtari Karima , Bielle Franck , Rigau Valérie , Roujeau Thomas , Abad Marine , Klein Sébastien , Bernier Michèle , Horodyckid Catherine , Adam Clovis , Brandal Petter , Niehusmann Pitt , Vannod-Michel Quentin , Provost Corentin , de Champfleur Nicolas Menjot , Nichelli Lucia , Métais Alice , Mariet Cassandra , Chrétien Fabrice , Blauwblomme Thomas , Beccaria Kévin , Pallud Johan , Puget Stéphanie , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Varlet Pascale ,   RENOCLIP-LOC
Published: April 2024

A novel methylation class, “neuroepithelial tumor, with PLAGL1 fusion” (NET-PLAGL1), has recently been described, based on epigenetic features, as a supratentorial pediatric brain tumor with recurrent histopathological features suggesting an ependymal differentiation. Because of the recent identification of this neoplastic entity, few histopathological, radiological and clinical data are available. Herein, we present a detailed series of nine cases of PLAGL1-fused supratentorial tumors, reclassified from a series of supratentorial ependymomas, non-ZFTA/non-YAP1 fusion-positive and subependymomas of the young. This study included extensive clinical, radiological, histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, genetic and epigenetic (DNA methylation profiling) data for characterization. An important aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a novel fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting the PLAGL1 gene. Using histopathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, we confirmed the ependymal differentiation of this new neoplastic entity. Indeed, the cases histopathologically presented as “mixed subependymomas-ependymomas” with well-circumscribed tumors exhibiting a diffuse immunoreactivity for GFAP, without expression of Olig2 or SOX10. Ultrastructurally, they also harbored features reminiscent of ependymal differentiation, such as cilia. Different gene partners were fused with PLAGL1: FOXO1, EWSR1 and for the first time MAML2. The PLAGL1 FISH presented a 100% sensitivity and specificity according to RNA sequencing and DNA methylation profiling results. This cohort of supratentorial PLAGL1-fused tumors highlights: 1/ the ependymal cell origin of this new neoplastic entity; 2/ benefit of looking for a PLAGL1 fusion in supratentorial cases of non-ZFTA/non-YAP1 ependymomas; and 3/ the usefulness of PLAGL1 FISH.
Interpreting artificial intelligence models: a systematic review on the application of LIME and SHAP in Alzheimer’s disease detection
Authors: Vimbi Viswan , Shaffi Noushath , Mahmud Mufti
Published: April 2024

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained much interest in recent years for its ability to explain the complex decision-making process of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models. The Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) and Shaply Additive exPlanation (SHAP) frameworks have grown as popular interpretive tools for ML and DL models. This article provides a systematic review of the application of LIME and SHAP in interpreting the detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Adhering to PRISMA and Kitchenham’s guidelines, we identified 23 relevant articles and investigated these frameworks’ prospective capabilities, benefits, and challenges in depth. The results emphasise XAI’s crucial role in strengthening the trustworthiness of AI-based AD predictions. This review aims to provide fundamental capabilities of LIME and SHAP XAI frameworks in enhancing fidelity within clinical decision support systems for AD prognosis.
Implementation of an internet-based stress management program in micro- and small-sized enterprises: a study protocol for a pre-post feasibility study of the effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Shimazu Taichi , Takeno Hajime , Ogawa Sayaka , Sawada Utako , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Imamura Kotaro
Published: April 2024

Background

Although internet-based stress management programs are proven effective in improving mental health among workers, micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSEs), lacking in occupational healthcare services, face challenges implementing them. To address this gap, this study will develop the program with stakeholders at MSEs to aim for real-world implementation.

Objectives

This paper describes a study protocol for a pre-post feasibility study of an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial of text-based internet-based programs (“WellBe-LINE”) in MSEs with less than 50 employees. This feasibility study primarily aims to evaluate trial methods for future effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trials.

Methods

For this study protocol, an internet- and text-based self-care intervention program using the LINE app (a popular message tool in Japan) will be prepared according to evidence-based psychoeducational topics. Based on our online survey findings, personalized algorithms will be implemented according to employees’ gender, age, and psychological distress levels. A personalized program using a popular pre-existing text app is expected to reduce employees’ burdens and be attractive to them, resulting in successful implementation outcomes and mental health benefits. A pre-post design feasibility study will be conducted on ten companies to evaluate trial methods (e.g., recruitment and procedures). The primary outcome will involve individual-level penetration, defined as the proportion of the number of employees who register for the program divided by the total number of invited employees at the company. The progression criterion to go next trial specifies that more than 50% of the recruited companies obtain 60% individual penetration, which is set based on the findings of the prior survey of employees at MSEs and of interviews of stakeholders involved in this study, and will be measured by LINE system. Finally, acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility will be measured using internet-based questionnaires and interviews.

Discussion

This pre-post feasibility study for future effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trials will provide in-depth knowledge about the successful implementation of text-based, semi-personalized, self-care mental health interventions in real-world settings using both quantitative and qualitative data.

Conclusions

This feasibility study will help validate the effectiveness of text-based interventions using a widely used social networking service (SNS) tool for employees in MSEs.

Trial registration

UMIN clinical trial registration, UMIN000046960. Registered on February 21, 2022.

https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053570
Assessing the equivalency of face-to-face and online simulated patient interviews in an educational intervention
Authors: Regehr Cheryl , Birze Arija
Published: April 2024

Background

In adapting to COVID-19, many health professional training programs moved abruptly from in-person to online simulated patient interviews for teaching and evaluation without the benefit of evidence regarding the efficacy of this mode of delivery. This paper reports on a multi-methods research project comparing in-person and online simulated patient interviews conducted by allied health professionals as part of an educational intervention offered at a large university teaching hospital.

Methods

Twenty-three participants conducted two 15-min interviews with simulated patients using previously validated scenarios of patients presenting with suicide risk. In order to assess the equivalency of the two modalities, physiological and psychological stress were measured using heart rate variability parameters and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory respectively, and then were compared across cohorts using t-tests. Reflective interviews elicited qualitative impressions of the simulations that were subject to thematic qualitative analysis.

Results

There were no statistical differences in measures of psychological stress or physiological arousal of participant health care professionals who engaged with in-person versus online simulated interviews, suggesting they were equally effective in eliciting reactions commonly found in challenging clinical situations. In reflective interviews, participants commented on the realism of both modalities of simulated patient encounters and that simulated interviews provoked emotional and physiological responses consistent with actual patient encounters.

Conclusions

These findings provide developing evidence that carefully designed online clinical simulations can be a useful tool for the education and assessment of healthcare professionals.
Multimaterial decomposition in dual-energy CT for characterization of clots from acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Gassenhuber Melina , Lochschmidt Maximilian E. , Hammel Johannes , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Ikenberg Benno , Wunderlich Silke , Liesche-Starnecker Friederike , Schlegel Jürgen , Pfeiffer Franz , Makowski Marcus R. , Zimmer Claus , Riederer Isabelle , Pfeiffer Daniela
Published: April 2024

Background

Nowadays, there is no method to quantitatively characterize the material composition of acute ischemic stroke thrombi prior to intervention, but dual-energy CT (DE-CT) offers imaging-based multimaterial decomposition. We retrospectively investigated the material composition of thrombi ex vivo using DE-CT with histological analysis as a reference.

Methods

Clots of 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke were extracted by mechanical thrombectomy and scanned ex vivo in formalin-filled tubes with DE-CT. Multimaterial decomposition in the three components, i.e., red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and fibrin/platelets (F/P), was performed and compared to histology (hematoxylin/eosin staining) as reference. Attenuation and effective Z values were assessed, and histological composition was compared to stroke etiology according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria.

Results

Histological and imaging analysis showed the following correlation coefficients for RBC (r = 0.527, p < 0.001), WBC (r = 0.305, p = 0.020), and F/P (r = 0.525, p < 0.001). RBC-rich thrombi presented higher clot attenuation in Hounsfield units than F/P-rich thrombi (51 HU versus 42 HU, p < 0.01). In histological analysis, cardioembolic clots showed less RBC (40% versus 56%, p = 0.053) and more F/P (53% versus 36%, p = 0.024), similar to cryptogenic clots containing less RBC (34% versus 56%, p = 0.006) and more F/P (58% versus 36%, p = 0.003) than non-cardioembolic strokes. No difference was assessed for the mean WBC portions in all TOAST groups.

Conclusions

DE-CT has the potential to quantitatively characterize the material composition of ischemic stroke thrombi.

Relevance statement

Using DE-CT, the composition of ischemic stroke thrombi can be determined. Knowledge of histological composition prior to intervention offers the opportunity to define personalized treatment strategies for each patient to accomplish faster recanalization and better clinical outcomes.

Key points

• Acute ischemic stroke clots present different recanalization success according to histological composition.

• Currently, no method can determine clot composition prior to intervention.

• DE-CT allows quantitative material decomposition of thrombi ex vivo in red blood cells, white blood cells, and fibrin/platelets.

• Histological clot composition differs between stroke etiology.

• Insights into the histological composition in situ offer personalized treatment strategies.

Graphical Abstract
Unveiling a century of Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers research: a scientometric analysis and thematically-based narrative review
Authors: Taha Manal Mohamed Elhassan , Abdelwahab Siddig Ibrahim
Published: April 2024

Background

This study aims to conduct a scientometric analysis and thematically-based narrative review of a century of Taraxacum officinale research (TOR), uncovering patterns, trends, themes, and advancements in the field to provide insights for future investigations. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized the Scopus database with MeSH terms for bibliographic data retrieval. Scientometric mapping employed VOSviewer and R-package-based Bibliometrix, while extracted themes were reviewed narratively. A detailed analysis of TOR was achieved by including only original studies.

Results

The findings include the extensive duration of TOR since 1908 and its significant growth, particularly in the last two decades. China emerges as the most productive country, but the United States leads in recognizable and collaborative TOR. The thematic map displays dynamic and diverse themes, with a rich knowledge structure revealed through the analysis of term co-occurrence. The year 2016 represents a turning point in the thematic map, marked by numerical growth and thematic bifurcation. The study extracted several main research topics within the field of TOR, including germination, antioxidant activity, bioherbicide, oxidative stress, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, and heavy metals. These topics represent key areas of investigation and provide insights into the diverse aspects of research surrounding T. officinale. Additionally, emerging topics in TOR encompass toxicity, metabolomics, dandelion extract, and diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

The study consolidated knowledge, highlighted research gaps, and provided directions for future investigations on TOR.
The awareness of treatment plans of craniosynostosis: guideline for patient and family version
Authors: Aminmansour Bahram , Fatehi Samaneh , Mokhtari Ali , Riazi Ali , Tehrani Donya Sheibani
Published: April 2024

Background

Functional and structural complexities associated with craniosynostosis present challenges for families of affected individuals. Additionally, these patients undergo childhood surgeries that significantly impact the role of the family/caregiver. Consequently, multiple therapeutic teams have provided various guidelines, with the most recent version in 2023 introducing the patient/family guide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness among the patient’s family/caregiver regarding the treatment plan.

Methods

The descriptive-analytical study sample consisted of 117 caregivers (parents) of children diagnosed with craniosynostosis between 2013 and 2023, who were conveniently selected for participation. The self-designed questionnaire was based on the 2023 guidelines and underwent reliability and validity testing. It comprised 14 chapters derived from the literature, with a total of 55 yes/no questions.

Results

Based on the results obtained from this study, the total correct response rate is 62.3%. The highest level of respondent awareness was associated with Chapter 12, with a correct response rate of 69%. The lowest level of awareness, at 41.8%, was related to Chapter 10.

Conclusion

It is better to use appropriate educational aids such as educational podcasts based on the latest guidelines for craniosynostosis to educate parents.
Testcross performance of
Striga
-resistant maize inbred lines and testers with varying levels of
Striga
reaction
Authors: Zebire Degife , Menkir Abebe , Adetimirin Victor , Mengesha Wende , Silvestro Meseka , Gedil Melaku
Published: April 2024

Background

Using a desirable tester is considered one method used to maximise genetic differences among test crosses derived from new inbred lines and improves the overall performance of maize. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potency of the tester with varying levels of resistance to
Striga hermonthica
in determining the testcross performance of the hybrids for
Striga
resistance and yield-related traits.

Method

The experiment was conducted with these test crosses and two standard checks (susceptible and tolerant) for different
Striga
resistance and agronomic traits during the 2018 cropping season in Abuja and Mokwa, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out in a 23 × 4 alpha-lattice design with two replications in each location. Field evaluation data was collected from
Striga
resistance and yield-related traits to estimate the performance of test crosses. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine the variance of the testcross performance.

Results

There were significant differences among test crosses for days to silking, days to pollen shedding, ear at harvest, ear aspect, ear per plant, grain yield,
Striga
damage rating at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP), and
Striga
count at 8 and 10 WAP. Variations among test crosses were always higher than the corresponding variations due to the interaction between test crosses and the environment for all traits.

Conclusion

The inbred lines with low yield reduction crossed with different testers under
Striga
infested were recorded. These inbreds should be used to develop high-yielding hybrids and synthetics with elevated levels of
Striga
resistance to improve the maize breeding program.
Bayesian joint residual moveout and amplitude-variation-with-offset inversion
Authors: Saadallah Yanis , Buland Arild
Published: April 2024

Residual moveout (RMO) can have a severe impact on seismic amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) analysis. It is, therefore, common practice to quality control and correct the processed seismic data for RMO before AVO analysis. However, a complicating factor is that AVO effects and tuning may result in up- or down-dipping events that are easily mistaken for events with RMO, e.g., AVO Class 2p response. Flattening these events will lead to an incorrect AVO estimation. We present a new Bayesian joint RMO and AVO inversion to estimate the RMO time shifts and the AVO intercept and gradient. The joint inversion corrects the seismic data based on the RMO and AVO prior models rather than explicitly assuming that the data should be flattened. The prior models will typically guide toward flat gathers but will also allow for up- and down-dipping events when these are possible within the prior model. The method is illustrated on synthetic and real seismic data. For cases wherein flat events are correct, the results are similar to sequential methods with RMO correction before AVO analysis, but in situations wherein dipping seismic reflectors may be misinterpreted as events with RMO, the joint inversion provides better results by evaluating RMO and AVO simultaneously. The inversion results include the posterior covariance matrix, which represents uncertainties for the AVO intercept and gradient, the RMO time shifts, and the correlations between these at all samples. The uncertainty of the RMO time shift varies within seismic gathers and depends on the seismic quality and how clear and well determined the seismic events are. The uncertainty of the RMO is lower for clear and continuous events but increases in the zones with weaker and noisy events. The uncertainty of the RMO time shifts has a low impact on the uncertainty of the AVO intercept but increases the uncertainty of the AVO gradient significantly.
Lattice dynamics in the FeSi-based family of superconductors
Authors: Layek S. , Hansen M. F. , Vaney J.-B. , Toulemonde P. , Tencé S. , Boullay P. , Cano A. , Méasson M.-A.
Published: April 2024

The lattice dynamics of the superconducting materials LaFeSiH and LaFeSiO1-δ
as well as their intermetallic precursor LaFeSi are investigated by polarized Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, together with X-ray and advanced electron diffraction techniques for their structural analysis. We find that the Fe-dominated Raman-active modes reflect the chemical peculiarities of these silicides compared to their pnictide counterparts, with enhanced structural couplings between the FeSi layer and the spacer that can be related to the ionic vs. covalent character of the latter. In addition, we find signatures of enhanced electron-phonon coupling for some of the Raman-active modes. Beyond that, our study reveals intriguing Fe-based Raman features as well as structural subtleties in LaFeSiH suggesting that this superconductor may formally be non-centrosymmetric.
Grb7 Ablation in Mice Improved Glycemic Control, Enhanced Insulin Signaling, and Increased Abdominal fat Mass in Females
Authors: Vermehren-Schmaedick Anke , Joshi Sonali , Wagoner Wendy , Norgard Mason A , Packwood William , Diba Parham , Mendez Heike , Fedorov Lev M , Rakshe Shauna , Park Byung , Marks Daniel L , Grossberg Aaron , Luoh Shiuh-Wen
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (GRB7) is a multidomain signaling adaptor. Members of the Grb7/10/14 family, specifically Gbrb10/14, have important roles in metabolism. We ablated the Grb7 gene in mice to examine its metabolic function.

Methods

Global ablation of Grb7 in FVB/NJ mice was generated. Growth, organ weight, food intake, and glucose homeostasis were measured. Insulin signaling was examined by Western blotting. Fat and lean body mass was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance, and body composition after fasting or high-fat diet was assessed. Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. Expression of adiposity and lipid metabolism genes was measured by quantitative PCR.

Results

Grb7-null mice were viable, fertile, and without obvious phenotype. Grb7 ablation improved glycemic control and displayed sensitization to insulin signaling in the liver. Grb7-null females but not males had increased gonadal white adipose tissue mass. Following a 12-week high-fat diet, Grb7-null female mice gained fat body mass and developed relative insulin resistance. With fasting, there was less decrease in fat body mass in Grb7-null female mice. Female mice with Grb7 ablation had increased baseline food intake, less energy expenditure, and displayed a decrease in the expression of lipolysis and adipose browning genes in gonadal white adipose tissue by transcript and protein analysis.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that Grb7 is a negative regulator of glycemic control. Our results reveal a role for Grb7 in female mice in the regulation of the visceral adipose tissue mass, a powerful predictor of metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
A Case Report of Pulmonary Embolectomy Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Patient with Intracranial Hemorrhage and History of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tauzi Paul , Aubourg Corentin , Dang Van Simon , Gros Antoine , Sargentini Cyril , Rineau Emmanuel
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary embolism is a common complication after intracranial hemorrhage. As thrombolysis is contraindicated in this situation, surgical pulmonary embolectomy may be indicated in case of high-risk pulmonary embolism but requires transient anticoagulation with heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. We report the case of a patient with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who presented with a high-risk pulmonary embolism 10 days after the spontaneous onset of a voluminous intracerebral hematoma. Despite high doses of heparin required to run the cardiopulmonary bypass and subsequent anticoagulation by danaparoid sodium, the brain hematoma remained stable and the patient was discharged without complications 30 days after surgery.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Madelung’s Disease Presenting with a Giant Cervical Lipoma: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Weng Ziqian , Tapia Salinas Blanca , Noguera Tomas Jorge , Del Castillo Pardo De Vera Jose Luis , De la Morena Molina Juan Diego
Published: April 2024

Madelung’s disease is characterized by the presence of multiple symmetric and nonencapsulated facial, neck, and upper trunk lipomas. Depending on the location and size of lipomas, there may be concerns for difficult airway management and cardiovascular collapse. We present the anesthetic management case of a patient with cervical and mediastinal lipomas who underwent elective cervical lipoma resection.
Development and Clinical Validation of a Hook Effect-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Sensor for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Detection
Authors: Oh Hyun-Kyung , Park Jinhee , Sonstein William J. , Maher Simon , Kim Min-Gon
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Rapid detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is vital for patient recovery after spinal surgery. However, distinguishing CSF-specific transferrin (TF) from serum TF using lateral flow immunoassays (LFI) is challenging due to their structural similarities. This study aims to develop a novel point-of-care diagnostic assay for precise CSF leak detection by quantifying total TF in both CSF and serum.

METHODS:

Capitalizing on the substantial 100-fold difference in TF concentrations between CSF and serum, we designed a diagnostic platform based on the well-known “hook effect” resulting from excessive analyte presence. Clinical samples from 37 patients were meticulously tested using the novel LFI sensor, alongside immunofixation as a reference standard.

RESULTS:

The hook effect-based LFI sensor exhibited outstanding performance, successfully discriminating positive clinical CSF samples from negative ones with remarkable statistical significance (positive vs negative t-test; P = 1.36E-05). This novel sensor achieved an impressive 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in CSF leak detection, demonstrating its robust diagnostic capabilities.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, our study introduces a rapid, highly specific, and sensitive point-of-care test for CSF leak detection, harnessing the distinctive TF concentration profile in CSF compared with serum. This novel hook effect-based LFI sensor holds great promise for improving patient outcomes in the context of spinal surgery and postsurgical recovery. Its ease of use and reliability make it a valuable tool in clinical practice, ensuring timely and accurate CSF leak detection to enhance patient care.
Neurophysiologic Monitoring of Oculomotor Nerves During Transorbital Surgery: Proof of Concept and Anatomic Demonstration
Authors: Ferres Abel , Tercero-Uribe Ana Isabel , Matas Jessica , Alcubierre Rafel , Codes Marta , Tafuto Roberto , Camós-Carreras Anna , Muñoz-Lopetegi Amaia , Tercero Javier , Alobid Isam , Sanchez-Dalmau Bernardo , Di Somma Alberto , Enseñat Joaquim
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES) is continuously evolving and gaining terrain in approaching different skull base pathologies. The objective of this study was to present our methodology for introducing recording electrodes, which includes a new transconjunctival pathway, to monitor the extraocular muscle function during TONES.

METHODS:

A translational observational study was performed from an anatomic demonstration focused on the transconjunctival electrode placement technique to a descriptive analysis in our series of 6 patients operated using TONES in association with intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring of the oculomotor nerves from 2017 to 2023. The stepwise anatomic demonstration for the electrode placement and correct positioning in the target muscle was realized through cadaveric dissection. The descriptive analysis evaluated viability (obtention of the electromyography in each cranial nerve [CN] monitored), security (complications), and compatibility (interference with TONES).

RESULTS:

In our series of 6 patients, 16 CNs were correctly monitored: 6 (100%) CNs III, 5 (83.3%) CNs VI, and 5 (83.3%) CNs IV. Spontaneous electromyography was registered correctly, and compound muscle action potential using triggered electromyography was obtained for anatomic confirmation of structures (1 CN III and VI). No complications nor interference with the surgical procedure were detected.

CONCLUSION:

The methodology for introducing the recording electrodes was viable, secure, and compatible with TONES.
Y-Stent Technique Using Dual Comaneci Embolization Assist Devices for Coil Embolization of a Ruptured Wide-Necked Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Technical Case Report
Authors: Ravina Kristine , Finch Ira J. , Patel Biraj , Yim Benjamin
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Despite technological advances, ruptured wide-necked aneurysms continue to pose a challenge for endovascular management. Comaneci (Rapid Medical) is a relatively new temporary aneurysm neck bridging device to assist in coiling of wide-necked aneurysms without the need for dual antiplatelet therapy or parent vessel flow interruption. Y configuration is often necessary to prevent coil migration in cases of wide-necked aneurysms. Thus far, there have been no reports of using Comaneci device in Y configuration to aid anterior circulation aneurysm treatment.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 60-year-old man presented with a Hunt-Hess grade 5, modified Fisher grade 4 subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured wide-necked anterior communicating artery aneurysm with a dome-to-neck ratio of 1:2. Two Comaneci devices were used in a Y configuration to prevent coil prolapse into the contralateral A2 branch. After successful coiling of the aneurysm, both Comaneci devices were collapsed and removed without incident; the coil catheter was also removed without incident. Follow-up angiogram demonstrated successful occlusion of the wide-necked anterior communicating artery aneurysm without the use of a permanent stent or balloon assistance.

CONCLUSION:

This case represents a first-time report of successfully using 2 Comaneci devices in a Y configuration for the treatment of a ruptured wide-necked anterior circulation aneurysm. This knowledge can potentially further expand the use of double Comaneci devices in Y configuration for the treatment of both anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms.
Gut microbiota regulate maturation and mitochondrial function of the nutrient-sensing enteroendocrine cell
Authors: Alsudayri Alfahdah , Perelman Shane , Brewer Melissa , Chura Annika , McDevitt Madelyn , Drerup Catherine , Ye Lihua
Published: April 2024

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are crucial for sensing ingested nutrients and regulating feeding behavior. How gut microbiota regulate the nutrient-sensing EEC activity is unclear. Our transcriptomic analysis demonstrates that commensal microbiota colonization significantly increases the expression of many genes associated with mitochondrial function. Using new methods to image EEC cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ activity in live zebrafish, our data revealed that it is dynamically regulated during the EEC development process. Mature EECs display an increased mitochondrial-to-cytoplasmic Ca2+ ratio. Mitochondria are evenly distributed in the cytoplasm of immature EECs. As EECs mature, their mitochondria are highly localized at the basal membrane where EEC vesicle secretion occurs. Conventionalized (CV) EECs, but not germ-free (GF) EECs, exhibit spontaneous low-amplitude Ca2+ fluctuation. The mitochondrial-to-cytoplasmic Ca2+ ratio is significantly higher in CV EECs. Nutrient stimulants, such as fatty acid, increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ in a subset of EECs and promote a sustained mitochondrial Ca2+ and ATP increase. However, the nutrient-induced EEC mitochondrial activation is nearly abolished in GF zebrafish. Together, our study reveals that commensal microbiota are crucial in supporting EEC mitochondrial function and maturation.
Dive Hazards: Barotrauma, Flora, Fauna, Equipment, and Free Diving
Authors: Bailey Jonathan , Hu Collin , Merrigan Brian , Gillis Steve
Published: April 2024

Present-day diving comes in various forms, from utilizing sophisticated diving equipment to relying solely on one’s ability to hold their breath. The diver and physician must be aware of the many common medical conditions and environmental considerations of this unique activity. While barotrauma remains the most common dive-related injury, injuries and accidents also are related to diving equipment-related accidents and exposure to marine flora and fauna. In addition, breath-hold diving, which includes free diving, snorkeling, and tasks, is an activity humans have done for thousands of years for recreation or survival. This article will update the dangers of diving and methods to prevent or treat injuries.