bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and Aberrant Hippocampal
Synaptic Plasticity in Rodent Model Psychosis: a Selective
Review
Authors: Bartsch Julia C. , Schott Björn H. , Behr Joachim
Published: August 2019

Schizophrenia is a complex, heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that affects about
1% of the global population. Hippocampal dysfunction has been linked to both
cognitive deficits and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Here, we briefly
review current findings on disrupted hippocampal processing from a clinical
perspective before concentrating on preclinical studies of aberrant hippocampal
synaptic plasticity using the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction model
of psychosis and related findings from genetic models. Taken together, the
results put the case for maladaptive hippocampal synaptic plasticity and its
extrinsic connections as mechanistic underpinnings of cognitive impairments in
schizophrenia.
Treatment of Olefinic Amides with NBS in Water: Synthesis of Monobromo- and Multibromobenzoxazines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cao Wen-Bin , Xu Xiao-Ping , Ji Shun-Jun
Published: August 2019

Treatment of olefinic amides with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in water is reported. Monobromobenzoxazines were mainly formed at room temperature, while at 80 °C multibromobenzoxazines were preferentially generated. Mechanism studies showed that the reaction might proceed via a cascade of electrophilic addition at the C=C bond followed by electrophilic substitution at the aromatic ring. No additives are required in this protocol.
Metal-Free ipso-Selenocyanation of Arylboronic Acids Using Malononitrile and Selenium Dioxide
Authors: Redon Sébastien , Kosso Anne Roly Obah , Broggi Julie , Vanelle Patrice
Published: August 2019

The first ipso-selenocyanation of arylboronic acids is achieved using selenium dioxide and malononitrile under mild conditions. The reaction is successful even without metal or base in DMSO. The major advantages of this new method are an easy set-up, excellent yields, and the use of odorless and inexpensive selenium reagents. Basic conditions subsequently afford new access to diaryldiselenides in good yields without isolating the organoselenocyanate intermediates.
Isolated Distal Deep Vein Thrombosis: Perspectives from the GARFIELD-VTE Registry
Authors: Schellong Sebastian M. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Ageno Walter , Bounameaux Henri , Turpie Alexander G. G. , Angchaisuksiri Pantep , Haas Sylvia , Goto Shinya , Zaghdoun Audrey , Farjat Alfredo , Nielsen Joern Dalsgaard , Kayani Gloria , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Prandoni Paolo , Kakkar Ajay K.
Published: August 2019

Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) represents up to half of all lower limb DVT. This study investigated treatment patterns and outcomes in 2,145 patients with IDDVT in comparison with those with proximal DVT (PDVT; n = 3,846) and pulmonary embolism (PE; n = 4,097) enrolled in the GARFIELD-VTE registry. IDDVT patients were more likely to have recently undergone surgery (14.6%) or experienced leg trauma (13.2%) than PDVT patients (11.0 and 8.7%, respectively) and PE patients (12.7 and 4.5%, respectively). Compared with IDDVT, patients with PDVT or PE were more likely to have active cancer (7.2% vs. 9.9% and 10.3%). However, influence of provoking factors on risk of recurrence in IDDVT remains controversial. Nearly all patients (IDDVT, PDVT, and PE) were given anticoagulant therapy. In IDDVT, PDVT, and PE groups the proportion of patients receiving anticoagulant therapy was 61.4, 73.9, and 81.1% at 6 months and 45.8, 54.7, and 61.9% at 12 months. Over 12 months, the incidence of all-cause mortality, cancer, and recurrence was significantly lower in IDDVT patients than PDVT patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.77]; sub-HR [sHR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.39–0.93]; and sHR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60–0.97]). Likewise, risk of death and incident cancer was significantly (both p < 0.05) lower in patients with IDDVT compared with PE. This study reveals a global trend that most IDDVT patients as well as those with PDVT and PE are given anticoagulant therapy, in many cases for at least 12 months.
High frequency properties of [Co/Pd]n/Py multilayer films under different temperatures
Authors: Wei Yurui , Zhao Chenbo , Wang Xiangqian , Wu Huiliang , Li Xiaolei , Liu Yueyue , Zeng Zhaozhuo , Wang Jianbo , Cao Jiangwei , Liu Qingfang
Published: August 2019

High frequency properties of exchange-coupled multilayers are important to develop future fast switching spintronic devices. Here, we report an experimental investigation of temperature-dependent high frequency properties in [Co/Pd]n/Py multilayer thin films. The results demonstrate that the linewidth varies with the number of cycles at room temperature. However, the damping slightly decreases with increasing repetitions of Co/Pd. By fitting the relationship between the linewidth and the angle (the out-of-plane azimuthal angle of the external magnetic field), we found that a similar two-magnetron scattering effect becomes stronger when the number of Co/Pd cycles increases. For the (Co/Pd)10/NiFe sample, the linewidth became larger at 9 GHz and 16 GHz with the decrease of temperature. Our findings help comprehend the high frequency properties of exchange-coupled multilayer thin films and are useful for fast switching magnetic devices.
Angular dependence of strong field ionization of N2 by time-dependent configuration interaction using density functional theory and the Tamm-Dancoff approximation
Authors: Hoerner Paul , Lee Mi Kyung , Schlegel H. Bernhard
Published: August 2019

The ionization of N2 serves as an important test case for computational methods for strong field ionization. Because Koopmans’s theorem fails for Hartree-Fock calculations of N2, corrections for electron correlation are needed to obtain the proper ordering of ionization energies of N2. Lopata and co-workers found that real-time integration of time-dependent Hartree-Fock (rt-TD-HF) gave a ratio for strong field ionization parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis that was too small compared to experiment, but real-time integration of time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TD-DFT) with an appropriately tuned long-range corrected functional, lc-ωPBE*, was in good agreement with experiment. The present study finds that time-dependent configuration interaction (TDCI) with single excitations based on a Hartree-Fock reference determinant (TD-CIS) has the same problems as rt-TD-HF. These problems can be overcome within the TDCI framework by calculating the excitation energies and transition dipole moments with density functional theory using linear response TD-DFT in the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) with suitably tuned long-range corrected functionals (TD-TDA). The correct angular dependence of the total ionization rate is obtained with TD-TDA using tuned lc-ωPBE*, lc-BLYP*, and ωB97XD* functionals. Partitioning of the total ionization rate into orbital components confirms that the larger ionization rate perpendicular to the molecular axis found for TD-CIS is due to greater π orbital contributions than those seen in TD-TDA. The use of density functional theory corrects this problem. At higher fields, both the TD-CIS and TD-TDA simulations show an increased ionization rate perpendicular to the molecular axis because of increased ionization from the π orbitals.
Electrochromic thin films of Zn-based MOF-74 nanocrystals facilely grown on flexible conducting substrates at room temperature
Authors: Chaudhari Abhijeet K. , Souza Barbara E. , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: August 2019

Electrochromic materials can reversibly switch color subject to the application of an externally applied electrical potential, making them useful for advanced applications such as smart windows, sensors, and electrochromic displays. To date, the development of electrochromic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is hampered by their insulating framework and nonredox active moieties. Herein, we demonstrate the use of the Guest@MOF concept to engineer electrochromic thin films, termed “DHTP@Zn-MOF-74,” grown on a flexible PET polymer substrate coated with a transparent indium tin oxide conductor. This electrochromic film reversibly switches between the (transparent) colorless ⇄ magenta states, by employing a relatively low cyclic voltage of 0 V and −2.5 V, and is tested under a variable scan rate ranging from 50 mV/s up to 1 V/s. This study could open the door to the discovery of new Guest@MOF electrochromic systems with tunable properties for energy applications.
Quantum transport models based on NEGF and empirical pseudopotentials for accurate modeling of nanoscale electron devices
Authors: Pala Marco G. , Esseni David
Published: August 2019

This paper presents significant new developments concerning the full-band, quantum simulation of nanostructured systems and nanoscale electron devices based on an empirical pseudopotential Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that the method is of general applicability, in fact, we show results for planar, ultrathin-body FETs and also for three-dimensional, nanowire FETs, and we deal with different crystal orientations and account for possible stress/strain conditions in the simulated systems. Some of the simulations reported in this paper have been made computationally viable by the substantial improvements of the numerical efficiency compared to our previous pseudopotentials based methodology. Most of the methods and algorithms discussed in this paper are not specific to an empirical pseudopotential Hamiltonian; on the contrary, they can also be applied to different Hamiltonians described with a plane-wave basis, which is frequently employed for ab initio, Density Functional Theory based calculations. The application of the methodologies described in this work may thus be more far reaching than it is illustrated by the case studies explicitly addressed in the present paper.
Visualizing and monitoring interface structures and dynamics by luminogens with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Liu Junkai , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2019

Interfaces exist in almost all objects and processes. Investigation on the interface not only is fundamentally important but also has great application prospects. Traditionally, the interface structure is studied by electron microscopy, which cannot reflect its real structure considering the pretreated process before measurement. Monitoring the interface evolution process by these regular methods is time-consuming and unfeasible in many cases. In this perspective article, we discuss how to realize the visualizing and monitoring interface structures and dynamics by aggregation-induced emission technique, which is applicable to almost all kinds of interfaces, including gas-solid, liquid-solid, solid-solid, gas-liquid-solid, and liquid-liquid-solid. Meanwhile, it is anticipated that the circularly polarized luminescence property in prochiral aggregation-induced emission luminogens can make a great difference in this area.
Numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations in 3D in frequency domain with linear sheath boundary conditions
Authors: Tierens W. , Urbanczyk G. , Colas L. , Usoltceva M.
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we construct a numerical technique capable of solving Maxwell's equations in the frequency domain, both in vacuum and in cold magnetized plasma, with a boundary condition that guarantees the existence of a potential associated with the radio frequency electric fields tangential to certain surfaces. This potential is of interest to nonlinear sheath physics, since it enables the calculation of the time-dependent sheath current excited by a single-frequency electromagnetic wave and thereby the associated DC sheath current and sheath potential.
High performance metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal photodetector fabricated on a silicon-on-oxide substrate
Authors: Mikhelashvili Vissarion , Yofis Svetlana , Shacham Amit , Khanonkin Igor , Eyal Ori , Eisenstein Gadi
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate a planar metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal (MISIM) photodetector fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate where the insulator is a stack of SiO2 and HfO2. The detector exhibits an extremely low dark current, as well as a large sensitivity and responsivity for wavelengths in the 365–880 nm range. The current-voltage (I−V) characteristics under moderate illumination intensities are superlinear and saturate at high powers. This behavior is due to a space charge limited current mechanism, which causes a photocurrent amplification process. The current path through the detector is via filament sites induced by a voltage stress of the thermal SiO2 and HfO2 layers. These filaments allow for the internal photocurrent gain. Saturation of the I−V curves is caused by Schottky-type electrodes whose barrier height with silicon controls the thermionic emission of carriers through the filament sites to the silicon depletion region. At a bias of ±4 V, we estimated a maximum sensitivity of 1.25 × 105, a responsivity of 68 A/W, a detectivity of 6.5 × 1013 Jones, and a quantum efficiency of 2.3 × 104% of the photodetectors for an incident optical power of 0.143 μW at 365 nm wavelength.
Quantum Hall effect of Dirac surface states of as-grown single crystal flakes in Sn0.02-Bi1.08Sb0.9Te2S without gate control
Authors: Ichimura Kakeru , Matsushita Stephane Yu , Huynh Kim-Khuong , Tanigaki Katsumi
Published: August 2019

The quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE) in three-dimensional topological insulators (3D-TIs) is an important hallmark of realization of ultralow dissipative electrical transport originating from nontrivial topological surface Dirac states (TSDSs). The observation of QSHE, however, had been limited at low temperatures for thin film crystals prepared by epitaxial growth or ultrathin (nanometer-level) flakes, and the finite Fermi energy tuning was required using field effect transistor (FET) construction. Here, we show that a clear observation of QSHE with a quantized level of e2/h can be possible for high quality single crystal flakes of Sn-(Bi,Sb)2(Te,S)3 (Sn-BSTS) prepared by an exfoliation method without any gate control under FET construction. The QSHE is observed in an extremely large sample area of millimeter square at the largest thickness of micrometer and up to the highest temperature of 20 K, which is greatly superior to those reported for other 3D-TIs so far. The accurate band picture of both top and bottom topological surface states of Sn-BSTS is determined from both the QSHE and the Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations. High quality Sn-BSTS of 3D-TIs will effectively be used for experiments targeting on science as well as many technological applications expected in the future.
Revealing antiferromagnetic transition of van der Waals MnPS3 via vertical tunneling electrical resistance measurement
Authors: Luong Dinh Hoa , Phan Thanh Luan , Ghimire Ganesh , Duong Dinh Loc , Lee Young Hee
Published: August 2019

Understanding the correlation between the electronic and magnetic properties of materials is a crucial step to functionalize or modulate their properties. However, it is not straightforward to electrically characterize magnetic insulators, especially large-bandgap materials, due to their high resistivity. Here, we successfully performed electrical measurements of a two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic insulator, van der Waals-layered MnPS3, by accounting for the vertical graphene/MnPS3/graphene heterostructure. Antiferromagnetic transition is observed by the variance in electrical resistance from the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition near ∼78 K in the vertically stacked heterostructure devices, which is consistent with the magnetic moment measurement. This opens an opportunity for modulating the magnetic transition of 2D van der Waals materials via an electrical gate or surface functionalization.
Comparative study of the ion-slicing mechanism of Y-cut LiNbO3
Authors: Huang Kai , Li Zhongxu , Yan Youquan , Zhao Xiaomeng , Li Wenqin , You Tiangui , Zhang Shibin , Zhou Hongyan , Lin Jiajie , Xu Wenhui , Yi Ailun , Huang Hao , Zhou Min , Yu Wenjie , Xie Junyu , Zeng Xiaobin , Liu Renjie , Ou Xin
Published: August 2019

Ion-cutting of piezoelectric LiNbO3 (LN) thin film provides a material platform for the design and fabrication of novel integrated photonics and RF MEMS devices. In this paper, the ion-slicing mechanisms of He-implanted LN with different orientations are investigated. The anisotropy of film exfoliation is observed on LN wafers with different orientations. The Z-cut LN shows regular surface blistering and “plate-like” exfoliation, while the Y-cut LN shows the unique “rolled-up” exfoliation. Two types of defect, i.e. the pressure-related plateau defect and the stress-related crack defect, are observed to contribute to the film exfoliation. Moreover, the defect evolution in H-implanted LN is investigated. In comparison with the He-implanted LN, implanted H ions are mainly trapped by O-H bond and the implantation-induced strain is not strong enough, which are inadequate to form the continuous crack. Therefore the H ions are not favorable for the mass production of LNOI substrates.
Physics in the former Yugoslavia: from socialist dreams to capitalist realities
Authors: Tatalović Mićo , Dauenhauer Nenad Jarić
Published: August 2019

The homeland of Nikola Tesla and Jožef Stefan saw a rise in physics funding after World War II. Now, after the destruction wrought by the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, physics in Yugoslavia’s successor states is recovering, albeit unevenly.
Towed-float GPS telemetry: a tool to assess movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile stingrays
Authors: Martins A. P. B. , Heupel M. R. , Oakley-Cogan A. , Chin A. , Simpfendorfer C. A.
Published: August 2019

GPS telemetry provides high-accuracy spatial data on animal movement; however, it has rarely been used with benthic organisms, such as stingrays, because of their irregular surfacing behaviour or bottom-dwelling habits. This study evaluated the use of towed-float GPS tags to assess movements of juvenile stingrays, with active tracking performed simultaneously for comparison. Four juvenile Urogymnus granulatus individuals (2 females and 2 males; average 32.2-cm disc width) were tracked in April 2016. Individuals travelled 1332.15±269.58m south-east across Pioneer Bay at an average speed of 6.87mmin–1 in 3.7h. Stationary tests demonstrated that the quality of the data obtained by towed-float GPS tags could not be matched by active, acoustic or ARGOS telemetry, reaching, on average, 99% of successful fixes and <15-m accuracy. Location error varied significantly based on the number of satellites detected, with error decreasing as the satellite number increased. This study demonstrated the potential of towed-float GPS telemetry for high-resolution assessment of movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile stingrays in shallow coastal water. If well applied, this technique can increase our knowledge of juvenile stingray ecology and their essential habitats.
Long-term changes in the breeding period diet of Bonelli
Authors: Di Vittorio M. , Lo Valvo M. , Di Trapani E. , Sanguinetti A. , Ciaccio A. , Grenci S. , Zafarana M. , Giacalone G. , Patti N. , Cacopardi S. , Rannisi P. , Scuderi A. , Luiselli L. , La Grua G. , Cortone G. , Merlino S. , Falci A. , Spinella G. , López-López P.
Published: August 2019

Context
Dietary analyses are essential to achieve a better understanding of animal ecology. In the case of endangered species, assessing dietary requirements is crucial to improve their management and conservation. The Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata) has experienced a severe decline throughout its breeding range in Europe and, in Italy, fewer than 50 pairs remain, and only in Sicily. This species is subject to major threats, including changes in landscape composition and, consequently, prey availability, which is further aggravated by the occurrence of viral diseases in the case of rabbits.

Aims
To provide current data on the diet of the Bonelli’s eagle in Sicily during the breeding period and to examine dietary shifts with regard to previous studies conducted in the same study area. To discuss possible implications for conservation of the Italian population of this endangered species.

Methods
We used a combination of three methods, including pellet analysis, collection of prey remains, and imagery from camera-traps installed at nests, to examine the diet of 12 breeding pairs of Bonelli’s eagle from 2011 to 2017. We compared this information with data collected between 1993 and 1998 in the same study area.

Key results
In number, birds were the most frequently predated items (61.6%), followed by mammals (36.88%) and reptiles (1.52%). However, in terms of biomass, mammals were the main prey (65.71%), followed by birds (34.12%) and reptiles (0.17%). There was a decrease over the course of the current decade in the consumption of European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which was compensated for with an increase in both dietary diversity and breadth in bird consumption, a trend not observed in the earlier study in the same region.

Conclusions
Here, we provide an updated assessment of diet composition of Bonelli’s eagle during the breeding period. Interestingly, we found significant differences within the study period (2011–2017) in terms of frequency of occurrence, percentage of biomass, dietary diversity and dietary breadth in a species at risk. Furthermore, we found significant differences between the two study periods in both frequency and percentage of biomass, with significant changes in the consumption of lagomorphs and birds.

Implications
Our results indicated that shifts in the diet are linked to changes in prey abundance, which may be contributing to population declines in the Bonelli’s eagle population in Sicily. Overall, measures aimed at increasing main dietary prey should be promoted to favour occupation of new territories and enhance vital demographic parameters (i.e. breeding success and survival rate) of Bonelli’s eagle across the species range. This would be particularly important for small isolated populations such as the Sicilian one.
Challenges in managing invasive raccoons in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki , Ikeda Tohru
Published: August 2019

Context
In Japan, the raccoon is an invasive, non-native mammal that causes significant agricultural damage and impacts on native biodiversity throughout the country. Local governments are mainly responsible for raccoon management. Intensive control campaigns focused on the early invasion stage have controlled raccoons in some regions but, generally, there are very few regions where raccoon numbers have been reduced sustainably, and no raccoon populations have been eradicated.

Aims
To improve national management of raccoons and canvass the opinions and perceptions of local government officers involved in raccoon control, and to review the efficiency and effectiveness of raccoon management strategies.

Methods
A questionnaire survey of 47 prefectural and 366 municipal governments was conducted, regarding raccoon management measures, during 2012 and 2013. The survey covered two topics: (1) management difficulties experienced by officers; and (2) details of the current raccoon management regime.

Key results
Efforts to manage raccoon populations have encountered some difficulties, including shortages of raccoon control officers, funding, expertise in raccoon biology and management, and lack of information about the invasion status of local raccoon populations and ecological traits of raccoons. Prefectures not currently managing raccoons indicated that they suffered from a lack of appropriate management procedures. However, current management programs were not generally functioning efficiently or effectively because many local governments did not implement appropriate monitoring. About 70% of local governments did not set control target indices, and there were very few quantitative datasets that could be used to measure the effectiveness of control in reducing raccoon impacts.

Conclusions
Best practice management programs have been being implemented in very few government areas, with institutional characteristics and difficulties in obtaining relevant information causing major problems.

Implications
Collecting and sharing information about effective raccoon management methods and case study examples from successful regions would enable other local administrations to select and implement the most effective and efficient control strategy, methods and monitoring program for their region.
Excitation energy-dependent photocurrent switching in a single-molecule photodiode
Authors: Shan Bing , Nayak Animesh , Williams Olivia F. , Yost Dillon C. , Polizzi Nicholas F. , Liu Yanming , Zhou Ninghao , Kanai Yosuke , Moran Andrew M. , Therien Michael J. , Meyer Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

Significance

In optoelectronic devices based on the properties of molecular excited states, a major challenge exists in controlling wavelength-dependent properties, because of the rapid interconversion between excited states. In photoelectrochemical cells, based on dye-sensitized photoelectrodes, surface functionalization plays a significant role in directing the absorption and conversion of incident photons. We demonstrate here that the direction of photo-generated charge flow in an oxide-based photoelectrode can be controlled by varying the excited-state transitions in a surface-bound, highly conjugated supramolecular chromophore with important implications for photoelectrode design in molecular devices. This approach, with a well-established correlation between conjugated chromophores and oxide electrodes, can serve as an effective platform for further development of solar-energy conversion devices.
Textural and tensile properties of thermo-responsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) hydrogel
Authors: Mohd Razali Nur Adila , Lin Wei-Chih
Published: August 2019

Hydrogel dressings should be adhesive and elastic, while providing excellent functional and aesthetic features. Owing to weak intermolecular forces, various measures are undertaken to improve the hydrogel mechanical properties. Thermo-responsive poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (poly(MEO2MA)) hydrogel fabricated with different amounts of di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) cross-linker was characterised using texture profile analysis. More cross-linking sites incorporated within the hydrogel limit the swelling ability where 1.0 and 10 mol-% of DEGDMA swell by 8.03 and 1.92 times, at 5°C. Hydrogel textural and tensile property correlated with the cross-linker amount. Meanwhile, network structure disentanglement within swollen hydrogel reduced the force required for deformation. Thus, the swelling behaviour, textural and tensile properties were investigated to discern the possible biomedical applications suitable for this hydrogel.
Health-Related Material Needs and Substance use among Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Gerber Evan , Gelberg Lillian , Rotrosen John , Castelblanco Donna , Mijanovich Tod , Doran Kelly M.
Published: August 2019

Background: Emergency department (ED) visits related to substance use are common. ED patients also have high levels of health-related material needs (HRMNs), such as homelessness and food insecurity. However, little research has examined the intersection between ED patient HRMNs and substance use.

Methods: We surveyed a random sample of public hospital ED patients. Surveys included validated single-item screeners for unhealthy alcohol and any drug use and questions on self-reported past-year material needs. We compared individual HRMNs and cumulative number of HRMNs by substance use screening status using bivariate and multivariable analyses.

Results: A total of 2312 surveys were completed. Nearly one third of patients (32.3%, n = 747) screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use, and 21.8% ( n = 503) screened positive for drug use. Prevalence of HRMNs for all patients—including food insecurity (50.8%), inability to meet essential expenses (40.8%), cost barriers to medical care (24.6%), employment issues (23.8%), and homelessness (21.4%)—was high and was significantly higher for patients with unhealthy alcohol use or drug use. In multivariable analyses, homelessness was independently associated with unhealthy alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–2.09) and drug use (aOR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.74–3.05). There was a significant stepwise increase in the odds of patient unhealthy alcohol or drug use as number of HRMNs increased.

Conclusions: ED patients with unhealthy alcohol or drug use have higher prevalence of HRMNs than those without. Our findings suggest that HRMNs may act additively and that homelessness is particularly salient. Patients’ comorbid HRMNs may affect the success of ED-based substance use interventions.
Considerations towards a roadmap for collection, handling and storage of blood extracellular vesicles
Authors: Clayton Aled , Boilard Eric , Buzas Edit I , Cheng Lesley , Falcón‐Perez Juan Manual , Gardiner Chris , Gustafson Dakota , Gualerzi Alice , Hendrix An , Hoffman Andrew , Jones Jennifer , Lässer Cecilia , Lawson Charlotte , Lenassi Metka , Nazarenko Irina , O'Driscoll Lorraine , Pink Ryan , Siljander Pia R‐M , Soekmadji Carolina , Wauben Marca , Welsh Joshua A , Witwer Ken , Zheng Lei , Nieuwland Rienk
Published: August 2019

There is an increasing interest in exploring clinically relevant information that is present in body fluids, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are intrinsic components of body fluids (“liquid biopsies”). In this report, we will focus on blood. Blood contains not only EVs but also cells, and non‐EV particles including lipoproteins. Due to the high concentration of soluble proteins and lipoproteins, blood, plasma and serum have a high viscosity and density, which hampers the concentration, isolation and detection of EVs. Because most if not all studies on EVs are single‐centre studies, their clinical relevance remains limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve standardization and reproducibility of EV research. As a first step, the International Society on Extracellular Vesicles organized a biomarker workshop in Birmingham (UK) in November 2017, and during that workshop several working groups were created to focus on a particular body fluid. This report is the first output of the blood EV work group and is based on responses by work group members to a questionnaire in order to discover the contours of a roadmap. From the answers it is clear that most respondents are in favour of evidence‐based research, education, quality control procedures, and physical models to improve our understanding and comparison of concentration, isolation and detection methods. Since blood is such a complex body fluid, we assume that the outcome of the survey may also be valuable for exploring body fluids other than blood.
Computational phase-change memory: beyond von Neumann computing
Authors: Sebastian Abu , Le Gallo Manuel , Eleftheriou Evangelos
Published: August 2019

The explosive growth in data-centric artificial intelligence related applications necessitates a radical departure from traditional von Neumann computing systems, which involve separate processing and memory units. Computational memory is one such approach where certain tasks are performed in place in the memory itself. This is enabled by the physical attributes and state dynamics of the memory devices. Naturally, memory plays a central role in this computing paradigm for which emerging post-CMOS, non-volatile memory devices based on resistance-based information storage are particularly well suited. Phase-change memory is arguably the most advanced resistive memory technology and in this article we present a comprehensive review of in-memory computing using phase-change memory devices.
Design and feasibility of a flexible, on-body, high impedance coil receive array for a 1.5 T MR-linac
Authors: Zijlema Stefan E , Tijssen Rob H N , Malkov Victor N , van Dijk Luca , Hackett Sara L , Kok Jan G M , Lagendijk Jan J W , van den Berg Cornelis A T
Published: August 2019

The lack of radiation-attenuating tuning capacitors in high impedance coils (HICs) make HICs an interesting building block of receive arrays for MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT). Additionally, their flexibility and limited channel coupling allow for low-density support materials, which are likely to be more radiation transparent (radiolucent). In this work, we introduce the use of HICs in receive arrays for MRIgRT treatments. We discuss the design and show the dosimetric feasibility of a HIC receive array that has a high channel count and aims to improve the imaging performance of the 1.5 T MR-linac. Our on-body design comprises an anterior and posterior element, which each feature a

channel layout (32 channels total). The anterior element is flexible, while the posterior element is rigid to support the patient. Mockups consisting of support materials and conductors were built, irradiated, and optimized to minimize impact on the surface dose (7% of the dose maximum) and dose at depth (

0.8% under a single conductor and

1.4% under a conductor crossing). Anatomical motion and the use of multiple beam angles will ensure that these slight dose changes at depth are clinically insignificant. Subsequently, several functional, single-channel HIC imaging prototypes and a 5-channel array were built to assess the performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance was compared to the clinical MR-linac array and showed that the 5-channel imaging prototype outperformed the clinical array in terms of SNR and channel coupling. Imaging performance was not affected by the radiation beam. In conclusion, the use of HICs allowed for the design of our flexible, on-body receive array for MRIgRT. The design was shown to be dosimetrically feasible and improved the SNR. Future research with a full array will need to show the gain in parallel imaging performance and thus acceleration.
Panorama of Multi-messenger Astronomy
Authors: Mimouni Jamal
Published: August 2019

We discuss various aspects of multi-messenger astronomy from photonic astronomy to new branches of astronomy related to other particles and interactions, namely cosmic rays, neutrino, and gravitational waves, both in an astrophysical and cosmological context.
General Assertions on the Gravitational Waves Polarization Modes from an f(R) Model of Gravity
Authors: Mebarki N.
Published: August 2019

Detailed analysis of an f( R) theory is emphasized in a Minkowski and non trivial background. It is shown that the polarization modes depend strongly on the metric or Palatini formalism, Einstein or Jordan frame, function f (R ), background gravitational field

g

μ
ν

0

and the observer.
Qualitative behaviour of gravitational perturbations in Chaplygin Gas - Unifying Dark Matter and Dark Energy
Authors: Zaidi Abdeldjalil , de Carvalho J.P.M. , Fernandes R.A.A.
Published: August 2019

Two unified models of dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are analysed, namely the Generalized Chaplygin Gas and the Modified Chaplygin Gas models. We study the qualitative behaviour of gravitational perturbations in both models, analysing their dynamical systems which describe the linear density perturbations, and graphically show the wavenumber, or k-dependence of the solutions. Finally we compare the two models and try to conclude which of them is close to available observations.
UV fluorescence detection of extreme energy cosmic rays by the JEM-EUSO experiment
Authors: Bouhali Zohra , Djemil Taoufik , Sassane Khaoula
Published: August 2019

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) is a new experiment, based on an international collaboration of 16 countries, including Algeria. With the help of a space telescope embarked on the International Space Station (ISS), this experiment aims to observe extreme energy cosmic rays (EECR), above 5 · 1019 eV. Due to their very low flux, the study of these EECR is carried out indirectly by observing from space the extensive air showers (EAS) generated by the interaction of a primary particle with the upper atmosphere. The characteristics of these EAS allow us to go back to the characteristics of the primary particle, such as energy and arrival direction, by measuring the amount of fluorescence light emitted along their development. For this purpose, we have used an analytical method to estimate the amount of fluorescence photons detected by the JEM-EUSO space telescope for an incident proton of 1020 eV and a zenithal angle of 60°. Our results are compared to a more precise calculation using the EUSO Analysis and Simulation System (ESAF).
R-process 130Cd Waiting Point
Authors: Laouet N , Benrachi F
Published: August 2019

Most of the elements heavier than Fe in the universe were produced by the so-called r-process. Its mechanism is based on a rapid neutron capture by the nuclei, so that the neutron capture rates are much faster than those of β -decay. When r-process reaches nuclei with magic neutron numbers, the neutron separation or binding energies increase and the process slows down, it has to wait for several β decays to produce heavier nuclei. These magic nuclei are the waiting points. Information about r-process are steel missing and it requires knowledge of the nuclear structure of the neutron rich nuclei. However, the nuclear properties of these nuclei are not sufficiently well understood due to the experimental difficulties in their production. The A=130 isobars with N=82 present one of the most interesting waiting points, because of their positions far from β stability and near the doubly magic 132Sn core, for which theoretical and experimental studies give important information about beta decay half-lives. In this context, we focus on the study of even-even 130 Cd waiting point nuclear properties. We have performed some spectroscopic calculations for energetic spectrum, β -decay half-life evolution in terms of temperature, using recent experimental data, by means of Oxbash nuclear structure code. The getting spectrum is in a reasonably agreement with the available experimental data. However, the calculated β-decay half-life for the studied waiting point is short in comparison with the experimental one.
Harvesting big data from residential building energy performance certificates: retrofitting and climate change mitigation insights at a regional scale
Authors: Gouveia João Pedro , Palma Pedro
Published: August 2019

The reduction of energy consumption and the increase in energy efficiency is currently an important cornerstone of EU policy. Energy performance certificates (EPCs) were implemented as one of the tools to promote this agenda, and are used for the energy performance assessment of buildings. In this study, the characteristics of the Portuguese dwelling stock are regionally analysed using data from approximately 523,000 Portuguese residential EPCs. Furthermore, a bottom-up building typology approach is used to assess the regional energy needs impact of retrofitting actions and to estimate the heating and cooling energy performance gaps of the whole dwelling stock, as well as the potential CO2 emissions resulting from the gaps’ potential offset due to increase thermal comfort. The results show that Portuguese residential buildings have very low energy performance, with windows and roofs being identified as the most energy inefficient elements. Roof retrofitting has the highest potential for the reduction of energy needs. The estimated heating and cooling energy performance gap amount to very significant percentages, due to the poor performing building stock but also very low energy consumption levels, with probable consequences for the thermal comfort of occupants. Assuming the current energy mix, carbon emissions would be 9.8 and 20.2 times higher associated with heating and cooling, respectively, if the actual final energy consumption were to match the estimated theoretical values derived from building regulation. This study demonstrates several application cases and leverages the potential of the individual EPC, increasing the detail in the dwelling stock characterization and energy performance estimation, revealing its value for energy retrofit and climate change mitigation assessments, as well as establishing the ground for future work related to building retrofits, energy efficiency measure implementation, climate change mitigation, thermal comfort, and energy poverty studies.
Biodiversity Study on Segara Anakan Lagoon
Authors: Anrozi Royyan , Siagian Arjon , Restisha Vanny Apdila , Maretta Aldila
Published: August 2019

Segara Anakan is the only estuary on the southern coast and the widest mangrove ecosystem in Java Island. However, it is currently not included in the list of government protected conservation area. This study aims to identify the biodiversity in Segara Anakan conservation area. The results of this identification show the types of flora, fauna and their conservation status in a biodiversity profile. The results of this study showed that Segara Anakan conservation area is 16,253.2 ha with mangrove ecosystem as it main ecosystem. The total area of mangrove is 3,980 ha. There are 60 species of mangrove plants, one of them has a “near threatened” status according to the IUCN Red List (i.e. Ceriops decandra). According to the IUCN Red List, two birds are on “vulnerable” and one mammal has a “near threatened” conservation status. From the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index calculation, the biodiversity level of the Segara Anakan Lagoon is categorized as a medium with the value 1.76 - 2.80. The Segara Anakan community also uses mangroves for processed food and batik colouring which can generate group turnover of around 2 to 3 million rupiahs per month.
Community Structure of Plankton at Central Kalimantan Peat Swamp Area
Authors: Pratiwi Niken T M
Published: August 2019

Land opening activities for agricultural purposes in Central Kalimantan peat swamp area lead the change of water quality. There will be a different pattern of hydrology between wet and dry season that will influence the existence of plankton. The aim of the study was to understand the plankton community structure of Central Kalimantan peat swampin two different seasons, the wet and dry season. The research was carried out by taking samples for water quality and plankton observation in eight sites. The data analysis consisted of spatial clustering analysis based on Canberra Index of water quality, diversity index, and PCA of plankton community and water quality relationship. The result showed that there were separately clustered channel waters between natural and artificial; with 56 and 36 species of phytoplankton, and zooplankton, respectively. The numbers of species were higher in wet season than in dry season. The most different conditions between the seasons were water current velocity and depth of waters. The plankton communities were highly correlated to depth, conductivity, and water current condition.
The role of Aksu Zhabagly Biosphere Reserve in the bird conservation of West Tien Shan
Authors: Ilina V
Published: August 2019

The territory of Aksu Zhabagly has a high degree of representativeness at regional level. Aksu Zhabagly Biosphere Reserve has about 75% of total biodiversity of West Tien Shan. It has 72.5% of vertebrates. The ornithofauna of West Tien Shan consists of 415 species, including 210 nesting species and 205 migrating and wintering species. The bird fauna of Aksu Zhabagly Biosphere Reserve includes 306 species (73,7 %) as well as 152 nesting species (72,3 %) and 154 migrating and wintering species (75,1 %). The basis of nesting avifauna is formed of passerine birds (83 species). Besides nesting birds, the nature reserve’s territory is habitat for at least 137 species in not-nesting period - in winter and during seasonal migrations in spring and autumn. There are 25 rare bird species (75,7%) from 33 species in West Tien Shan.
Optimization of Dyes Production by Mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and Its Coloring on Cotton Cloth
Authors: Suciatmih
Published: August 2019

The present study aimed to optimize dyes of mixed Aspergillus and Paecilomyces and to evaluate dyes of the fungi in coloring cotton cloth. Different initial pH values (3, 5, 7, and 9), temperatures (24, 27, and 30°C), carbon sources (lactose, glucose, and sucrose,) and nitrogen sources (monosodium glutamate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and yeast extract) of the medium related to dyes and biomass production; and they coloring on cotton cloth were analysed. The optimum culture conditions for the dyes production by the mixed fungi was achieved at pH 9 (4.074 ± 0.0621 UA/L), a temperature of 24°C (4.4145 ± 0.1530 UA/L), with sucrose (4.1503 ± 0.0711 UA/L) as a carbon source, and sodium nitrate (4.0730 ± 0.0459 UA/L) as a nitrogen source, while for the maximum biomass production was obtained at pH 5 (3.7303 ± 0.1432 g/L), a temperature of 30°C (4.2997 ± 0.0372 g/L), with sucrose (2.965 ± 0.5431 g/L) as a carbon source, and monosodium glutamate (4.2697 ± 0.2843 g/L) as a nitrogen source. Culture conditions generated various shades on cotton cloth dyed with the fungal dyes. The intensity of color produced on the dyed cotton cloth by the fungal dyes was in line with the concentration of the dyes.
Tree Health Analyzing of Malvaceae Collections in Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Rachmadiyanto A N , Helmanto H , Rinandio D S , Abdurachman
Published: August 2019

Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanical Gardens) is an ex-situ conservation center in Indonesia which has ± 13,000 plants specimens collection in shrubs, herbs, lianas and trees. The collection is classified in 218 families, which one is Malvaceae. Most of Malvaceae collections at Bogor Botanical Gardens is tree shaped. Trees have risk of fracture, failure or death which can cause harm. The aim of this research is determining the health condition of Malvaceae collection to predict the occurrence of damage (broken, failure, dead etc.) and as a consideration for collection collections treatment. The method which used are combination of visual observation methods and sound waves using arborsonic. Total samples measured are 7 trees which have criteria such as being in a location with high visitor accessibility, large diameter, old tree and visible disease or pest attack. Each sample was done visually and checked with arborsonic basically using sound wave. The point of measuring on the tree is depend on initial identification of damage using a rubber hammer. In this research can be concluded, there are 2 trees which high risk of damage and become first priority handling because has percentage of damage above 60%, 5 trees have medium risk with second priority (30-60%).