bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable PBAT/PLA/CaCO3 Blowing Films with Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties: Investigation of Size and Content of CaCO3 Particles
Authors: Ma Fahang , Wang Bo , Leng Xuefei , Wang Ying , Sun Zhijing , Wang Pei , Sang Lin , Wei Zhiyong
Published: May 2022

Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid)/calcium carbonate (PBAT/PLA/CaCO3) blend films with variable compositions are prepared using one‐step melt‐blending and a following film‐blowing. The effects of CaCO3 content and particle size on the physicochemical properties of the films are investigated. The rheology results demonstrate that the storage modulus and complex viscosity are increased with the increasing CaCO3 content. The tensile performance and tear resistance including both the machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) are also improved by adding CaCO3. Especially, P7/P3/C300030 achieves the highest tensile and tearing strength in MD of 31 ± 2.5 MPa and 99 ± 4.0 N mm−1, respectively. Compared with unfilled PBAT/PLA films, the water vapor transmission greatly declines from 621 to 287 g m−2 24 h and the oxygen transmission values are also reduced from 1400 to 1010 cm3 m−2 d Pa after the incorporation of CaCO3 particles. A slight decrease in thermal stability is detected in PBAT/PLA/CaCO3, but overall, the decomposition temperature is much higher than the processing and service temperature. Therefore, the biodegradable PBAT/PLA films with low‐cost CaCO3 fillers demonstrate excellent mechanical and oxygen and moisture barrier performance, which show great potentials in food‐packaging and mulch film in the agriculture field.
Light Scattering of Electrospinning Jet with Internal Structures by Flow‐Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Chen Guan‐Jie , Lai Hsin‐Yi , Lu Pin‐Hsien , Chang Yu‐Chia , Wang Chi
Published: May 2022

Herein, the direct morphological evidence of the extension‐induced phase‐separated structures in the electrospinning jet observed by high‐speed video imaging and by light scattering technique is reported. Model solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/water are electrospun. Two types of internal structures, that is, long strings and short ellipsoids, are found. A light scattering model is derived for the Vv scattering configuration to account for the scattered intensities contributed from the liquid jet itself and those from the internal structures. For the severely stretching jet of PVA/water, the Vv intensity profile is dominant by the internal structures to mask the scattering contribution from the jet itself. Moreover, the Hv intensity profile reflects the anisotropy of the oriented chains parallel to the jet axis. For the 7 wt% solution, the derived extension rate in the vicinity of the Taylor cone apex is about 3420 s−1, which is higher than the Rouse relaxation rate measured by rheometer. It is concluded that extension‐induced phase separation of the single‐phase PVA solution is likely to occur in Taylor‐cone apex to trigger the self‐assembly process for producing strings (and/or bulges) in the flowing jet, which eventually transform to become the nanofibers, after solvent removal, to be collected on the grounded collector.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Huang Zhao , Zhang Zhe , Zhou Chengwei , Liu Lin , Huang Canhua
Published: May 2022

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
Three pieces Riemann problem for 2‐D full Euler system in the Noble–Abel gas
Authors: Srivastava H. , Zafar M.
Published: May 2022

We present Riemann problem governed by 2‐D full Euler system in the Noble–Abel gas. Riemann data, consisting three constants, are distributed in three distinct regions with an assumption that two adjoining regions can be connected by only one planar elementary wave. We present criteria for existence of different configurations of elementary waves for isentropic, as well as full, Euler system. We also discuss the effect of the Noble–Abel gas and the angle of regions on elementary waves and corresponding stream curves.
An empirical evaluation of alternative approaches to adjusting for attrition when analyzing longitudinal survey data on young adults' substance use trajectories
Authors: Si Yajuan , West Brady T. , Veliz Philip , Patrick Megan E. , Schulenberg John E. , Kloska Deborah D. , Terry‐McElrath Yvonne M. , McCabe Sean E.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Longitudinal survey data allow for the estimation of developmental trajectories of substance use from adolescence to young adulthood, but these estimates may be subject to attrition bias. Moreover, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most effective statistical methodology to adjust for sample selection and attrition bias when estimating these trajectories. Our objective is to develop specific recommendations regarding adjustment approaches for attrition in longitudinal surveys in practice.

Methods

Analyzing data from the national U.S. Monitoring the Future panel study following four cohorts of individuals from modal ages 18 to 29/30, we systematically compare alternative approaches to analyzing longitudinal data with a wide range of substance use outcomes, and examine the sensitivity of inferences regarding substance use prevalence and trajectories as a function of college attendance to the approach used.

Results

Our results show that analyzing all available observations in each wave, while simultaneously accounting for the correlations among repeated observations, sample selection, and attrition, is the most effective approach. The adjustment effects are pronounced in wave‐specific descriptive estimates but generally modest in covariate‐adjusted trajectory modeling.

Conclusions

The adjustments can refine the precision, and, to some extent, the implications of our findings regarding young adult substance use trajectories.
The effects of adding splint use to corticosteroid injection for the treatment of trigger finger: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tajik Hamidreza , Shirzad Niloofar , Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Rezapour Bahare , Nejadhosseinian Mohammad , Faezi Seyedeh T. , Fateh Hamid R.
Published: May 2022

Background

Trigger finger is the most common flexor tendinopathy affecting the general population. We evaluated the effects of adding a static metacarpophalangeal joint splint to corticosteroid injection for the management of trigger finger in the short term.

Methods

We carried out a randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms in Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at a university hospital. We randomly allocated 60 participants (34 women) with trigger fingers other than the thumb to two groups (both n = 30). The mean (SD) age was 41.5 (7.6) years. All participants received a single injection of 40 mg methylprednisolone plus 0.5 ml of lidocaine at the A1 pulley. Patients in the splint group wore a full time static splint for blocking the metacarpophalangeal joint for 3 months. The primary outcome was the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the secondary outcomes were Boston questionnaire scores for symptom severity and functional status, grip strength, and the stages of stenosing tenosynovitis. We measured the outcomes at baseline, and in 1 and 3 months post‐intervention.

Results

Both interventions were effective; however, the splint group showed more reductions in pain (p = 0.013) and symptom severity (p = 0.047) and a larger decrease in the stages of tenosynovitis (p = 0.004) after 3 months. There was no significant difference in decreasing functional scores between the groups (p = 0.162). The splint group had a better (but not statistically significant) restoring grip strength (p = 0.056).

Conclusion

Wearing of a static metacarpophalangeal joint splint for 3 months following a single injection of corticosteroid increases and stabilises the benefits of the treatment for trigger finger.
Effects of high‐fat diet on nutrient metabolism and cognitive functions in young APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice
Authors: Wang Wei , Tanokashira Daisuke , Shibayama Yudai , Tsuji Ryuhei , Maruyama Megumi , Kuroiwa Chiemi , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Taguchi Akiko
Published: May 2022

Aim

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increased risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the relationship between the 2 conditions is controversial. High‐fat diet (HFD) causes cognitive impairment with/without Aβ accumulation in middle‐aged or aged transgenic (Tg) and knock‐in (KI) AD mouse models, except for metabolic disorders, which commonly occur in all mice types. Alternatively, whether HFD in early life has an impact on nutrient metabolism and neurological phenotypes in young AD mouse models is not known. In the present study, we examined the effects of HFD on young APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice, one of the novel KI‐AD mouse models.

Methods

The mice were categorized by diet into 2 experimental groups, normal diet (ND) and HFD. Four‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) and APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice were fed ND or HFD for 9 weeks. Both types of mice on ND and HFD were examined during young adulthood.

Results

HFD caused T2DM‐related metabolic disturbances in both young WT and APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice, whereas impaired thermoregulation and shortage of alternative energy sources specifically occurred in young APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice. However, HFD had no impact on the cognitive function, Aβ levels, and phosphorylation of hippocampal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at all the 3 Ser sites in both types of mice.

Conclusion

HFD is effective in causing metabolic disturbances in young WT and APPKINL‐G‐F/NL‐G‐F mice but is ineffective in inducing neurological disorders in both types of mice, suggesting that the aging effects, along with long‐term HFD, facilitate neurological alterations.
Standing in Cost‐Benefit Analysis: Where, Who, What (Counts)?
Authors: Boardman Anthony E. , Greenberg David H. , Vining Aidan R. , Weimer David L.
Published: May 2022

Whose costs and benefits should count in cost‐benefit analysis (CBA)? This is an important practical question requiring answers for analysts because most government agencies offer only permissive or vague guidance. Drawing primarily on foundational CBA principles, we present a conceptual framework for specifying standing to answer three important boundary questions: Where? Who? What? First, a standing framework requires a definition of jurisdictional boundaries (the “where” question), whether national, subnational, or supranational. Second, a framework should be clear about which persons within the jurisdiction have standing (the “who” question). For example, should undocumented residents have standing? Third, the framework requires clarity on the standing of certain individual preferences (the “what” question), such as for harmfully addictive private or public goods that express “moral sentiments,” or when choices do not maximize the value of consumption. We seek to provide guidance for CBA practice within this framework.
The moderation effect of secure attachment on the relationship between positive events and wellbeing
Authors: Spence Ruth , Kagan Lisa , Nunn Stephen , Bailey‐Rodriguez Deborah , Fisher Helen L. , Hosang Georgina M. , Bifulco Antonia
Published: May 2022

Positive events can reduce depression as well as enhance wellbeing. The role of secure attachment style in moderating the relationship between positive events and wellbeing is examined to further understand wellbeing models. Participants (n = 490) included two midlife groups and a student group from the UK. They completed the online Computerized Life Event Assessment Record (CLEAR), a measure of life events, the Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ), and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Age was associated with higher rates of wellbeing and secure attachment style. A significant relationship was found between number of positive events and wellbeing, number of people close, and secure attachment score. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated a significant interaction between secure attachment style, number of positive life events, and wellbeing. Simple slopes analysis demonstrated the association between positive life events and wellbeing was significant for secure attachment (B = 1.27, p = .003) but not insecure attachment (B = 0.04, non‐significant). This suggests securely attached individuals are better able to take advantage of positive life events than insecurely attached individuals and experience a greater increase in wellbeing.
Prenatal diagnosis for fetuses with isolated and non‐isolated congenital heart defects using chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing
Authors: Xing Ya , Zhang Yun , Chen Jianping , Wu Fengyu , Yuan Meizhen , Zou Gang , Yang Yingjun , Zhou Fenhe , Zhou Jia , Sun Luming
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the use of chromosomal microarray (CMA) and Exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

The Fetal Medicine Unit of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital records were reviewed to ascertain all cases diagnosed with CHD by level 2 ultrasound examination between 2016 and 2019. Cases were categorized as isolated or associated with other abnormalities or fetal growth restriction. CMA was offered to all cases as a first‐line genetic test followed by ES when CMA was non‐diagnostic.

Results

Of the 586 ascertained, 84 (14.3%) had causative CMA abnormality, of which 8.8% (35/400) were in fetuses with isolated CHD and 26.3% (49/186) in those with other abnormalities. ES was performed in 47 cases with a negative CMA. Causative variants were identified in two (10.5%, 2/19) isolated cases and four(14.3%, 4/28) with other abnormalities.

Conclusion

Invasive procedures with CMA should be offered in pregnancies complicated by both non‐isolated and isolated cardiac abnormalities. When CMA is not diagnostic, ES can add diagnostic value in both groups and should be considered even for fetuses with an isolated CHD.
New data toward fulfilling the promise of the ICD‐11 severity criterion
Authors: Sharp Carla
Published: May 2022

Great progress has been made in furthering our understanding of the long‐term course of personality pathology. However, our knowledge about the long‐term outcomes of personality disorder, thus far, is based on a polythetic and categorical definition of personality disorder. This special issue brings together a set of papers reporting on the results of the 30‐year prospective study, the Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder, in addition to presenting a study protocol for a future study, the Boston (UK) Personality Project, and results from a study of lived experience of individuals who have been in treatment for personality challenges. Together, these papers highlight the value in viewing personality pathology not as a categorically defined disorder, but as a severity criterion related to functioning. This special issue paves the way for considering how to further refine and conceptualize the general severity criterion common to all manifestations (types) of personality disorder.
Molecular docking, synthesis, anticancer activity, and computational investigations of thiazole‐based ligands and their Cu(II) complexes
Authors: Jain Preeti , Guin Mridula , De Anindita , Singh Megha
Published: May 2022

Present work describes the preparation of Schiff base ligands named 2‐methoxy‐6‐[(E)‐(1,3‐thiazol‐2‐ylimino) methyl] phenol and its structure and activity comparison with another Schiff base N‐[(E)‐pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene]‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐amine. Cu(II) complex of both the ligands were prepared in 2:1 ratio in basic medium. UV‐Vis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, and other physicochemical techniques were used for characterization of synthesized compounds. The FTIR spectra of the ligands and their Cu(II) complexes evident the tetra dentate behavior of ligands and indicates the presence of nitrate groups. The geometry of synthesized ligands and complexes was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) with hybrid B3LYP functional. It confirms that the Cu(II) metal surrounded by tetra dentate ligand moiety was coordinated with oxygen atom of one nitrate group with bond lengths of 1.9668 Å for complex 1 and 2.2420 Å and 2.6220 Å for complex 2. Molecular docking study of synthesized molecules was performed against EGFR kinase (PDB:1m17) and tyrosine kinase (PDB:1 t46) molecular targets. The complex 1 has shown maximum inhibition with a binding energy of −10.40 kcal/mol against 1t46 molecular target. Further, ligand and complexes were analyzed by ADMET study, drug likeness, and bioactivity score by using online servers. Since these studies provided very significant results in terms of their binding energy with the target molecules and drug likeness score, time‐dependent in vitro anticancer activity of all compounds was also tested by using MTT assay against SCC4 cancer cell line. Complex 1 has shown promising activity with an IC50 value of 31.1 μM at 72 h time interval.
Temperature evolution and runoff contribution of three rock glaciers in Switzerland under future climate forcing
Authors: Pruessner Luisa , Huss Matthias , Farinotti Daniel
Published: May 2022

With ongoing climate change water availability in the source regions of alpine streams are at stake. In particular, dry mountain regions which currently rely on glacial meltwater will need to adapt. Since rock glaciers are more resilient to climate change and occur in nearly all high‐mountain catchments around the globe with some form of glacierization, it is of interest to investigate their contribution to runoff under different climate scenarios. Three well‐monitored rock glacier sites in the Swiss Alps (Murtèl, Ritigraben, and Schafberg) have been investigated under the climate change scenarios corresponding to low, medium and high greenhouse gas emissions to determine how their runoff contribution is affected. By the end of the 21st century, runoff from permafrost melting could account for 5–12% (12.0% for Murtèl, 7.0% for Ritigraben, and 5.0% for Schafberg) of monthly catchment runoff at maximum in an average year, and up to 50% in extreme years. For the low‐emission scenario, little change in the runoff contribution from rock glaciers is found, while the medium‐emission scenario shows increased variability and a shift in the seasonal runoff peak to earlier in the year. The high‐emission scenario indicates a further increase in the variability of the permafrost runoff contribution and also the development of a secondary seasonal peak in autumn, most prominently in the late century.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome
Authors: Wu Junhua , Lu Yanbo , Cai Xiaohong , Chen Yuanyuan , Shen Zhisen , Lyv Qin
Published: May 2022

Objective

Several experiments on animals have reported the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and gut microbiota. We investigated the gut microbiota composition of children aged 4–6 years with OSAHS to complement the pathogenesis and clinical screening methods of OSAHS.

Methods

We collected feces from 43 children with OSAHS and 45 controls aged 4–6 years. We extracted total bacterial DNA from feces and analyzed the composition of gut microbiota through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.

Results

There were significant differences in bacteria producing short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) between OSAHS children and controls, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and a member of Ruminococcaceae. A gut microbiota model for pediatric OSAHS screening showed that the receiver operating characteristic‐area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) was 0.794 with 79.1% and 80.0% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Functional analysis of the gut microbiota revealed several alterations in metabolism.

Conclusion

The composition of gut microbiota in OSAHS children is partially changed. The altered intestinal flora may provide a new screening method for the diagnosis of children with OSAHS. The prediction of gut microbiota function suggests that intestinal metabolic function may be altered in OSAHS children.
Child maltreatment and asthma
Authors: Gaietto Kristina , Celedón Juan C.
Published: May 2022

A growing body of evidence suggests a potential link between child maltreatment and asthma. Determining whether and how child maltreatment causes or worsens asthma would have major implications for disease prevention and treatment, as well as public health policy. In this article, we examine epidemiologic studies of child maltreatment and asthma and asthma‐related outcomes, review the evidence for potential mechanisms underlying the child maltreatment‐asthma association, and discuss future directions. To date, a child maltreatment‐asthma link has been reported in most studies of children and adults, though the type of maltreatment associated with asthma has differed across studies. Such discrepant findings are likely explained by differences in study design and quality. All studies have been limited by potential under‐reporting of child maltreatment and selection bias, and nonthorough assessment of asthma. Despite these limitations, the aggregate evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests a possible causal link between child maltreatment and asthma, though the relative contributions of various types of maltreatment (physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect) are unclear. To date, there is insufficient evidence of an association between child maltreatment and lung function in children or adults. Limited evidence further suggests that child maltreatment could influence the development or severity of asthma through direct effects on stress responses and anxiety‐ or depressive‐related disorders, immunity, and airway inflammation, as well as indirect effects such as increased obesity risk. Future prospective studies should aim to adequately characterize both child maltreatment and asthma, while also assessing relevant covariates and biomarkers of stress, immune, and therapeutic responses.
Back Cover Image, Volume 78, Issue 6
Authors: Yang Xiaoxue , Wang Zeyu , Geng Lili , Chi Baoyan , Liu Rongmei , Li Haitao , Gao Jiguo , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2022

The back cover image is based on the Research Article Vip3Aa domain IV and V mutants confer higher insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera by Xiaoxue Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6858.

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Pharmacogenetics: optimising prescribing in primary care
Authors: Youssef Essra , Thornley Tracey , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Wright David J
Published: May 2022

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to personalise prescribing of certain medicines can improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse drug reactions. This article summarises the key findings of the PGx Impact study, designed to estimate the impact of pre‐emptive genetic testing on prescribing, and discusses potential ways in which pharmacogenetic testing may optimise primary care prescribing in the near future.
So what am I actually taking this medicine for?
Authors: Thompson Angus
Published: May 2022

Addressing gaps in patient knowledge on the purpose of their medicines requires a multifaceted approach, tailored to the needs of the individual. One strategy that may help is indication‐enriched prescribing and dispensing, suggests Angus Thompson.
The role of Pycnogenol in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases: Molecular aspects
Authors: Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas , Gheflati Alireza , Barghchi Hanieh , Rahbarinejad Pegah , Hachem Kadda , Shalaby Mohammed Nader , Abdelbasset Walid Kamal , Ranjbar Golnaz , Olegovich Bokov Dmitry , Rahimi Pegah , Gholizadeh Navashenaq Jamshid , Pahlavani Naseh
Published: May 2022

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased significantly with the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles, reduced physical activity, and dietary modifications in recent decades. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic conditions. Therefore, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disorders. Since chronic diseases are not completely curable, various methods have been proposed for their control. Complementary therapies and the use of natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds are among these novel approaches. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural compound that could control inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, some previous studies have shown that PYC could effectively reduce inflammation through signaling the downstream of insulin receptors, inhibiting the phosphorylation of the serine residues of insulin receptor substrate‐1, reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices through the stimulation of antioxidant pathways, increasing free radical scavenging activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and protecting the erythrocytes in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase‐deficient individuals, although these effects have not been fully proved. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence concerning the positive physiological and pharmacological properties of PYC, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this natural component for enhancing human health.
Impact of curcumin, quercetin, or resveratrol on the pathophysiology of endometriosis: A systematic review
Authors: Hipólito‐Reis Mariana , Neto Ana Catarina , Neves Delminda
Published: May 2022

Endometriosis, a gynecological disease that affects reproductive age women is difficultly controlled in the long term by currently available treatments, prompting patients to adopt self‐controlled interventions including dietary changes. The aim of this review is to provide evidence of how curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol can act as natural interventions to control endometriosis. The review followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to gather together all the articles that study the specific actions of curcumin, resveratrol, or quercetin in endometriosis pathophysiology. All types of study designs including experimental data were considered. Thirty articles, including a clinical trial, were included. For the assessment of the quality of the selected studies that globally have “good quality”, the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and the SYRCLE ROB tool criteria were used. By acting on mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion and adhesion, apoptosis, angiogenesis and glucose and lipid metabolism, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol showed to have beneficial effects, evidencing their potential application in the endometriosis treatment. However, future clinical studies are necessary to determine the real efficacy of these compounds in human endometriosis.
Potential intestinal infection and faecal‐oral transmission of human coronaviruses
Authors: Ning Tingting , Liu Si , Xu Junxuan , Yang Yi , Zhang Nan , Xie Sian , Min Li , Zhang Shutian , Zhu Shengtao , Wang Youchun
Published: May 2022

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were first described in 1960s for patients experiencing common cold. Since then, increasing number of HCoVs have been discovered, including those causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the circulating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which can cause fatal respiratory disease in humans on infection. HCoVs are believed to spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. However, studies have shown that a large proportion of patients with HCoV infection develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and many patients with confirmed HCoV infection have shown detectable viral RNA in their faecal samples. Furthermore, multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have provided direct evidence of intestinal HCoV infection. These data highlight the nature of HCoV GI infection and its potential faecal‐oral transmission. Here, we summarise the current findings on GI manifestations of HCoVs. We also discuss how HCoV GI infection might occur and the current evidence to establish the occurrence of faecal‐oral transmission.
Confining ZnS/SnS2 Ultrathin Heterostructured Nanosheets in Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Nanocubes as Novel Sulfur Host for Advanced Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Yan Bo , Li Yan , Gao Lin , Tao Huachao , Zhang Lulu , Zhong Shengkui , Li Xifei , Yang Xuelin
Published: May 2022

Hollow nanostructured hosts are important scaffolds to achieve high sulfur loading, fast charge transfer, and conspicuous restraint of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttling in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, developing high‐efficiency hollow hosts for improving utilization and conversion of aggregated sulfur in the hollow chamber remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, hollow N‐doped carbon nanocubes confined petal‐like ZnS/SnS2 heterostructures (ZnS/SnS2@NC) as a conceptually novel host for Li‐S batteries are reported. Specifically, compared to consubstantial hollow double‐shelled hosts, the ZnS/SnS2@NC with higher effective active surface area brings dense contact with sulfur and enhances efficient adsorption sites for binding LiPSs and accelerating their conversion. Benefiting from the unique structure and sophisticated composition, the resulting S@ZnS/SnS2@NC cathodes exhibit 1294 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, an ultralow capacity decay of 0.016% per cycle over 500 cycles at 1.0 C, and a high area capacity of 4.77 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 C (5.9 mg cm−2). Meanwhile, the performance evolution of S@ZnS/SnS2@NC cathodes under various sulfur loadings is further investigated by using EIS, which provides the beneficial guidance to explore viable strategies further optimizing their performance. This work sheds new insights into the design of hollow nanostructured hosts with a distinguished ability to regulate LiPSs in Li‐S batteries.
A secure neural network‐based ranking approach for document searching in cloud data center
Authors: Malhotra Sheenam , Singh Williamjeet
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing has gained attention due to its sophisticated processing architecture and data storage capabilities in the last couple of years. Due to high volume data and the endless number of possible users, the security of the account holder's stored data and privacy becomes essential for this paradigm. This article focuses on the encryption architecture of data storage and retrieval by creating an encrypted searchable index, which is inspired by symmetric searchable encryption. Ranking becomes a need for providing the best out of the search results to the user. This research article proposes an efficient and flexible artificial neural network (ANN) based ranking scheme to search for documents from the cloud server. The proposed algorithm architecture is segmented into three parts. The first part is the generation of the encryption index over the uploaded data, the second part is query analysis, and the third part is ranking. To consolidate the encryption mechanism, RSA, NTRU, and AES were used based on the requirement of the data. To orient the retrieval part, the degree of the top keyword in the server is determined by using term frequency with inverse document frequency schemes. The retrieved documents are further ranked using ANNs. The simulation setup was done on MATLAB 2016b having datasets from Kaggle (Twitter data) and FIRE dataset.
Trace level detection and quantification of genotoxic impurities 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoate, 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoic acid, and 3‐(4‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl) aniline in Nilotinib dihydrochloride active pharmaceutical ingredient using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Puppala Ravi Kumar , Subbaiah Nelaturi , Maheswaramma K Sesha
Published: May 2022

A selective and sensitive novel methods were developed and validated for identification and trace level quantification (0.5 ppm) of genotoxic impurities Methyl 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoate, 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoic acid, and 3‐(4‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl) aniline in Nilotinib dihydrochloride active pharmaceutical ingredient by using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The developed and validated methods were more accurate and capable to confirm the m/z values of parent and fragment ions through mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry for further fragmentation. In addition, the developed methods were validated through current regulatory guidelines with a lower detection level of 0.15 ppm and a quantification level of 0.5 ppm for all the three genotoxic impurities. The correlation coefficient was observed as 0.9997 for Methyl 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoate genotoxic impurity‐I, 0.9998 for 3‐amino‐4‐methylbenzoic acid, and > 0.9999 for 3‐(4‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl) aniline. The recovery percentage of all the three genotoxic impurities was found to be between 93% to 105%.
Ersatzneubau der Schwebefähre an der Eisenbahnhochbrücke Rendsburg
Authors: Schmachtenberg Richard
Published: May 2022

Die Schwebefähre an der Eisenbahnhochbrücke Rendsburg versah von Dezember 1913 bis zur Kollision mit einem Frachtschiff im Januar 2016 ihren täglichen Dienst. Die Fähre musste wegen der Kollision neu gebaut werden. Am 4. März 2022 wurde der Ersatzneubau für den Verkehr freigegeben. Die Schwebefähre ist mit der Eisenbahnhochbrücke Rendsburg ein historisches Wahrzeichen und ein Zeugnis deutscher Ingenieurkunst.
Effect of dietary roasted and autoclaved full‐fat soybean on the performance of laying hens and egg quality traits
Authors: Karimi Zohreh , Torki Mehran , Abdolmohammadi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Context

Full fat soybean (FFSB) can be used in poultry diets as a source of fat and protein, without extra cost for oil extraction; however, raw FFSB contains several anti‐nutritional factors.

Aims

Investigating the effects of replacing dietary soybean meal (SBM) with processed (roasted or autoclaved) FFSB on the performance of laying hens and egg quality traits.

Methods

A total of 324 Bovans White strain laying hens were randomly selected and distributed in 54 replicate cages. Based on a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments plus a control group, nine diets in which SBM were replaced with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100℅ roasted or autoclaved FFSB, with six replicates (with six hens each), were evaluated during an 8‐week trial period (60–68 weeks).

Key results

Significantly increased feed intake (FI) was observed in hens fed diets including autoclaved FFSB (p < 0.05). The interactions between SBM replacement level and processing on feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP) and egg mass (EM) were significant (p < 0.01). Hens fed the diet with 100% roasted FFSB instead of SBM showed poor performance in terms of FCR, EP and EM during the experimental period. The main effect of SBM‐replacing level on Haugh unit was significant (p < 0.05). The main effect of processing on shell thickness was significant (p < 0.05), so autoclaved FFSB caused higher eggshell thickness than control and roasted FFSB.

Conclusions

Replacement of dietary SBM with autoclaved FFSB can improve laying hens’ performance in terms of FCR, EP, EM and eggshell quality and yolk colour.

Implications

The use of autoclaved FFSB to replace commercial SBM and its oil in the diet of laying hens is recommended. Feed factories can formulate the diets of laying hens with autoclaved FFSB without extra cost due to oil extraction soybeans.
A variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in a dog?
Authors: Borgonovi Simona , Scudder Christopher J
Published: May 2022

A 9‐year‐old male neutered Cockerpoo dog was presented with pyrexia and was diagnosed with sterile idiopathic panniculitis. During initial investigations, advanced imaging revealed a suspected left‐sided cervical paraganglioma and bilateral adrenal masses. The dog underwent immunosuppression and achieved remission of the sterile idiopathic panniculitis. Bilateral adrenalectomy and paraganglioma excision were then performed. Histopathology identified bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma and cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma. Three months later, the dog was diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. Despite left total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, mild hypercalcaemia persisted for several months. Eight months later the dog became persistently hypokalaemic refractory to potassium supplementation, with metabolic alkalosis and systemic hypertension. The dog was euthanised 5 months later due to clinical deterioration. On postmortem examination, right parathyroid hyperplasia and metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma involving liver, jejunum, pancreas and tracheobronchial lymph node were identified. This is the first report describing the concurrent presence of these types of endocrine neoplasms in a dog.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity of Ingested Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Vieira Adriana , Gramacho Ana , Rolo Dora , Vital Nádia , Silva Maria João , Louro Henriqueta
Published: May 2022

An exponential increase in products containing titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2), in agriculture, food and feed industry, lead to increased oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs). Thus, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) emerges as a possible route of exposure that may drive systemic exposure, if the intestinal barrier is surpassed. NMs have been suggested to produce adverse outcomes, such as genotoxic effects, that are associated with increased risk of cancer, leading to a concern for public health. However, to date, the differences in the physicochemical characteristics of the NMs studied and other variables in the test systems have generated contradictory results in the literature. Processes like human digestion may change the NMs characteristics, inducing unexpected toxic effects in the intestine. Using TiO2 as case-study, this chapter provides a review of the works addressing the interactions of NMs with biological systems in the context of intestinal tract and digestion processes, at cellular and molecular level. The knowledge gaps identified suggest that the incorporation of a simulated digestion process for in vitro studies has the potential to improve the model for elucidating key events elicited by these NMs, advancing the nanosafety studies towards the development of an adverse outcome pathway for intestinal effects.
Zwischen Medizin und Ökonomie. Erwerbsbiografische Studien zu Veränderungen im schweizerischen Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Streckeisen Peter
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag deutet den Erkenntniswert der Biografieforschung für wirtschaftssoziologische Analysen des Gesundheitswesens an. Gerade die Ökonomie der Konventionen könnte sich dadurch um ein Forschungsinstrumentarium anreichern, das sich zur Erforschung der Akteure ökonomischer Koordination ebenso eignet wie zur Analyse der Bedeutung ökonomischer Wissensformen im Rahmen bestimmter Konventionen. Die Ausführungen stützen sich auf eine explorative Studie zur Ökonomisierung des Gesundheitswesens in der Schweiz. Mit 14 einflussreichen Experten und Verantwortungsträgern wurden erwerbsbiografische Interviews geführt. Die Biografien von vier befragten Ärzten mit ausgeprägter Berufung zur Gestaltung des öffentlichen Gesundheitswesens werden diskutiert. In der abschließenden Diskussion werden die Erkenntnisse im Vergleich mit wirtschaftssoziologischen Untersuchungen des Gesundheitswesens in den USA und Frankreich eingeordnet. Es zeigt sich, dass durch die erwerbsbiografische Perspektive zusätzliche Aspekte in den Blick kommen, die mit den herkömmlichen Konzepten und Methoden der Wirtschaftssoziologie nicht erfasst werden können.
Qualitätskonstruktionen in unternehmerischer Ernährungskommunikation: Gesundheit im Spannungsfeld zwischen Individuum und Gesellschaft
Authors: Bartelmeß Tina , Godemann Jasmin
Published: May 2022

Der Beitrag analysiert, wie Gesundheit in Bezug auf Ernährung von Lebensmittelunternehmen kommuniziert wird und mit welcher Handlungslogik Gesundheit vor dem Hintergrund der Nachhaltigkeit besetzt wird. Anhand einer korpuslinguistischen und qualitativ-interpretativen, vergleichenden Analyse der Ernährungskommunikation eines Lebensmittelkonzerns auf einer Ernährungsservice- und Unternehmenswebsite werden unterschiedliche Bedeutungshorizonte des Gesundheitsbegriffs aufgezeigt und mit dem theoretischen Referenzrahmen der Ökonomie der Konventionen interpretiert. Es zeigt sich, dass der Gesundheitsbegriff in der klassischen Ernährungskommunikation lediglich als individueller Zielzustand adressiert wird. Im Kontext von Nachhaltigkeit hingegen bezieht er sich auch auf die Bedingungen der Lebensmittelproduktion und transformiert zu einer Koordinationslogik des Qualitätskonstruktes, an der gesellschaftliche und ökonomische Bedingungen und Prozesse der Ernährung ausgerichtet und bewertet werden.
Die Pluralität der digitalen Alltagsgesundheit. Das Aufkommen einer neuen Form der Gesundheitskoordination
Authors: Cappel Valeska
Published: May 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden die aktuellen Datafizierungsprozesse im Gesundheitsfeld als eine neue Form der digitalen Alltagsgesundheit vorgestellt. Die methodologische und konzeptionelle Grundlage des Beitrags bildet ein neopragmatistisches Denken, maßgeblich geprägt durch die „Ökonomie der Konventionen“ (EC). Dabei wird deutlich, dass es sich bei den Datafizierungsprozessen im Gesundheitssystem und der Vermessung von Alltagspraktiken vor allem um eine Zukunftsvision handelt, welche die Hoffnung weckt, Gesundheit besser kontrollieren und optimieren zu können. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die aktuellen Auswirkungen dieser Mobilisierungsprozesse zu analysieren und zu zeigen, dass mit den Datafizierungsprozessen ein neuer Koordinationsmodus einer digitalen Alltagsgesundheit eingeführt wird. Diese digitale Alltagsgesundheit wird konzeptionell als neue Forminvestition eingeführt, wozu einerseits ihre Eigenschaften charakterisiert werden und andererseits ihre Relevanz für Koordinationsprozesse aufgezeigt wird. Abschließend werden die Wechselwirkung zwischen dieser neuen Form und der individuellen Gesundheit aufgezeigt und ihre Konsequenzen auf der Ebene der politischen Ökonomie beschrieben.
Digitale Heilsversprechen in Gesundheitsberufen
Authors: Gemperle Michael , Scheermesser Mandy , Dratva Julia , Händler-Schuster Daniela , Juvalta Sibylle , Klamroth-Marganska Verena
Published: May 2022

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Heilsversprechen unter angehenden Gesundheitsfachpersonen bezüglich digitaler Medien vorherrschen und wodurch sie bedingt sind. Er stützt sich auf Daten einer Erhebung unter Bachelor-Studierenden einer Gesundheitshochschule in der Schweiz. Die Resultate zeigen, dass 59 % der Befragten die Vorteile digitaler Medien mit der Erbringung von Gesundheitsleistungen assoziieren und 41 % ihre Vorteile auf Seite der PatientInnen sehen. Aus der statistischen Analyse geht hervor, dass die Studierenden gehobener Herkunft und die Studierenden früher akademisierter Studienrichtungen die Vorteile digitaler Medien wesentlich häufiger mit der Dienstleistungserbringung als mit den PatientInnen verbinden. Dies scheint nicht nur anzuzeigen, dass in Gesundheitsberufen ein Zusammenhang zwischen den vorherrschenden sozialen Kräften und der Assoziation digitaler Medien mit der Dienstleistungserbringung besteht. Es dürfte auch darauf hinweisen, dass die „Digitalisierung“ im Gesundheitssektor die herkunftsbedingte kulturelle Spaltung in Gesundheitsberufen befördert.
Ressourcen und Reputation. Wie Unternehmen psychische Gesundheitsprobleme von Beschäftigten bewerten
Authors: Gonon Anna
Published: May 2022

Betriebliche Gesundheitspolitik wird in soziologischen Analysen oft auf ökonomische Motive zurückgeführt: Gesundheitsförderung und Aktivitäten zur Wiedereingliederung erkrankter Beschäftigter zielen demnach primär auf die Reduktion von krankheitsbedingten Kosten und die Freisetzung produktiver Potenziale ab. Der Beitrag untersucht die Logiken, nach denen betriebliche Interventionen im Bereich der Gesundheit begründet werden, anhand des Analyserahmens der Economie des conventions und am Beispiel des Umgangs mit psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen von Beschäftigten. Als Datengrundlage dienen Fallstudien in drei Großunternehmen in der Schweiz. Gesundheitliche Probleme von Beschäftigten werden in den betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements der drei Unternehmen sowohl als unmittelbarer oder langfristiger Kostenfaktor betrachtet, als auch als Prüfstein der sozialen Verantwortung als Arbeitgeber. Durch das softwaregestützte Auswerten von Mustern im Absenzverhalten, die als Frühwarnzeichen für psychische Gesundheitsprobleme definiert sind, wird zunehmend eine industrielle Koordinationslogik gestützt, die auf eine langfristig effiziente Nutzung der Arbeitskraft der Beschäftigten abzielt.
Situierte Konventionen: Transformationen, Ungenauigkeiten und die Grenzen der Messung im Feld der Selbstvermessung
Authors: Noji Eryk , Kappler Karolin Eva , Vormbusch Uwe
Published: May 2022

Wie wird Gesundheit in eine messbare Größe verwandelt? Basierend auf empirischen Untersuchungen werden wir die Quantifizierung von Gesundheit in zwei verschiedenen Bereichen analysieren: Diet- und Mood-Tracking. Aus der Perspektive der Ökonomie der Konventionen (Économie des Conventions, EC) betrachtet, investieren SelbstvermesserInnen hier in neue Formen und Messungen der Äquivalenz, wobei sich ihnen drei bedeutende Hindernisse stellen: die Ungenauigkeit des Messens, die sperrige Materialität von Objekten und alltäglichen Praktiken sowie das unscharfe Verhältnis von alltäglichem Tun und Quantifizierung. Einerseits streben SelbstvermesserInnen nach der Herstellung eines praktischen Konsenses, wie eine „genaue“ Messung aussehen sollte bzw. in welchen Fällen Ungenauigkeiten nicht toleriert werden können. Auf der anderen Seite stützen sich SelbstvermesserInnen auf je feldspezifische Kriterien für eine angemessene Genauigkeit, je nachdem, wie sie ihre Vermessungspraktiken in den Alltag integrieren. In der EC kommt Objekten konzeptionell eine zentrale Rolle zu, indem sie kompetente Alltagsakteure bei ihren Koordinationsbemühungen sowie bei der Bewältigung normativer und ethischer Fragen unterstützen. Wir schlagen eine Sichtweise vor, in der Technologien wie Sensoren, mHealth-Anwendungen und Smartphones als intermediäre Objekte in variierenden Engagements und Aushandlungsprozessen in den Alltag des Selbstvermessens eingebunden werden. In beiden genannten Feldern der Selbstvermessung entsteht so eine ganz eigene Konfiguration von Messungen, Objekten, Widerständen und Engagements, welche die gegenwärtigen Konventionen von Gesundheit schwer fassbar und fragmentiert und damit für Gesundheitsorganisationen, politische EntscheidungsträgerInnen und NutzerInnen gleichermaßen unverfügbar machen.