bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lektorstudentar og elevar på vidaregåande sine haldningar til dialekt, tospråklegheit og aksentprega norsk
Authors: Lie Anderson Ragnhild
Published: December 2023

Denne artikkelen byggjer på ei spørjegransking av i kva grad både studentar som skal bli lærarar, hovudsakleg i norsk, og elevar som går i vidaregåande skule er samde eller usamde i påstandar som går på korleis lærarar og skulen bør agera i høve til dialekt, tospråklegheit og aksentprega norsk. Påstandane som undersøkinga byggjer på, er arva frå Lars Anders Kulbrandstad, som gjorde ei liknande undersøking blant lærarstudentar i 2007. Språkhaldningar inngår som eit viktig kompetansemål i skulen og er såleis noko både lærarane og elevane i vidaregåande treng å ha medvit kring og meiningar om. Det empiriske materialet består av svar frå 308 respondentar, 170 elevar i vidaregåande skule og 138 studentar som skal bli lektorar i skulen. Resultata viser at begge gruppene jamt over er positive til alle desse tre hovudområda, men at komande lektorar er meir positive både til dialekt, opplæring i tospråklegheit og aksentprega norsk enn elevane er.
Narrativer fra ledere i Kulturdag - et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom grunnskole og kulturskole
Authors: Fostad Ingrid
Published: December 2023

As early as the 1980s, there was a policy intention for collaboration between the Schools of Music and Performing Arts (SMPAs) and the primary schools in Norway. Since then, several policy documents have defined collaboration between the SMPAs and the primary schools. Kulturdag [Cultural Day] is a project in which a municipality in Norway tries to meet the desire for cooperation between the SMPAs and primary schools in arts education. Kulturdag exists in 17 schools in this municipality (2022/2023). The Kulturdag project is complex, constantly expanding, and involves many people in different roles. This study examines the leadership perspective by focusing on one primary school with Kulturdag. The question I have explored is: How can Kulturdag be understood through the stories of the SMPA and primary school leaders in the light of practice architecture theory? The methods used to collect the data were ethnographically inspired, and the leaders' stories were interpreted from the researcher's position using narrative thematic analysis and the theory of practice architectures. This study is a practical and scientific contribution to educational research, providing more knowledge about the leadership perspective in a primary school-SMPA cooperation in SMPA, and in a primary school with Kulturdag. One of the key findings is that this collaboration is based on a systemic change in primary music education - from traditional one-teacher music education to a change in practice architecture that allows for more teachers, diverse teaching, and staff participation in Kulturdag.
Co-Creation of Navigational Spaces When Facilitating Children’s Play
Authors: Oen Marion
Published: December 2023

Facilitating children’s play is an important but potentially frustrating task for teachers in the field of Early Childhood Education and Care. Play is often understood as essential for children, and frequently being excluded from play is often experienced as problematic; Still, teachers are often uncertain about how to do play and there is a growing concern about the disappearance of play.
This study aims to explore and identify navigational spaces for teachers to exercise agency when facilitating children’s play, and this article presents the co-creation of four such spaces. The co-creation has been done through a series of workshops and play initiations over six months, explored by ECEC teachers in conjunction with the author. The workshops are anchored in critical theory, and the idea is that the participants enrich the project through their various forms of expertise.
Abductive analysis through workshops and a thematic analysis of sound and video recordings of these events shows the co-creation of the navigational spaces of framing, conditioning, timing, and knowledging to be central. To be able to co-create these navigational spaces, the repeated collective questioning and knowledge contributions of teachers and the researcher seem to be a central factor. By critically considering and exploring co-creational possibilities both the researcher and the teachers extended their play-facilitating repertoire and made the play-facilitating efforts increasingly explicit. This suggests that it is possible to simultaneously develop practice and scientific knowledge if interactions between the education sector and academia are facilitated. These insights will be beneficial for further investigations and innovations.
Partnerskap på like premisser?
Authors: Nilsen Gaute Rydland , Helstad Kristin
Published: December 2023

‘Partnership’ is used as a collective term for cooperation on competence development between teacher education institutions and schools and is intended to lead to mutual learning. This article deals with experiences with partnerships from the teacher education`s point of view. The data material consists of interviews with teacher educators and leaders in teacher education institutions. The findings show that the staff members have many positive experiences, but they problematize certain organizational and steering challenges. They point out that it is demanding to share knowledge internally, and that research is somewhat connected to the work. They experience that the partnership primarily takes place on the school's premises, which may be related to the fact that steering expectations are directed at the teacher training programs and not at the schools. The study reveals differences in institutional practices, such as how the work is organized at a larger and a smaller teacher training institution, and whether the work is experienced as an individual or a collective project. The study shows that partnership is a complex phenomenon that shapes political and organizational conditions.
Association between different types of preoperative anemia and tumor characteristics, systemic inflammation, and survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Chaoxi , Ma Hongqing , Wang Guanglin , Liu Youqiang , Li Baokun , Niu Jian , Zhao Yang , Wang Guiying
Published: December 2023

Background

Patients with colorectal cancer often have anemia and other symptoms after diagnosis, especially in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. This study explored the association between different types of preoperative anemia and tumor characteristics and inflammatory response in patients with colorectal cancer and to evaluate the prognosis of patients with different types of anemia before operation.

Methods

The clinical data of 95 patients with colorectal cancer treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from February 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin content (MCH) and mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the patients were divided into the non-anemia group, normal cell anemia group, and small cell anemia group. The three groups’ general data, oncological characteristics, and mGPS scores were compared. The patients were followed up for five years, and the survival analysis was carried out. The cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with colorectal cancer.

Results

The preoperative anemia rate of patients with colorectal cancer was 43.15% (41/95). There were significant differences in gender, weight loss, CA724, tumor location, tumor size, TNM stage, mGPS score, and positive expression rate of Ki-67 among different anemia groups. There was a significant difference in survival time among a non-anemia group, small cell anemia group, and normal cell anemia group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, TNM stage, distant metastasis, mGPS score, Ki-67 positive expression rate, and anemia type were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The oncological characteristics of colorectal cancer patients with different types of preoperative anemia are different. Preoperative anemia and systemic inflammatory status are independent risk factors for the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
Influence of parental involvement and parenting styles in children’s active lifestyle: a systematic review
Authors: Vega-Díaz Marta , González-García Higinio , de Labra Carmen
Published: December 2023

Background

Parents influence their children’s lifestyles through modeling and support, which modifies how children approach physical activity. As such, this systematic review aims to know the influence of parental involvement in children’s active lifestyles and the influence of parenting styles on children’s practice and motivation towards physical activity.

Methodology

PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Web of Science databases were searched from 15 July 2022 to 30 August 2022. The publication date of the included manuscripts was between November 2012 and January 2021. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed using the Scale for Evaluating Scientific Articles in Social and Human Science. Furthermore, it was utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.

Results

The sample of the 10 included studies (in which different self-report measures were administered) was 1,957 children and their parents. In one study, parental involvement across limits decreased sedentary behaviours. In another, parent-child co-participation in physical activity improved participation in it. In one study, democratic parents predicted moderate-vigorous physical activity. In another, authoritarian styles were associated with sports practice. In another, permissive styles were associated with the worst physical activity practice. In one study, permissive parents were not significantly related to physical activity. In another, negligent parents were negatively associated with sports practice. In two studies, parenting styles were not associated with physical activity. In a study, the autonomy support of permissive parents and the structure of democratic parents is related to autonomous motivations. The coercive control of authoritarian parents and the lack of structure of negligent parents are related to non-self-determined motivations or amotivation.

Conclusions

Parental involvement contributes to children’s participation in physical activity. There is no unanimity in the results obtained in parenting styles and the practice of physical activity. Democratic and permissive styles are associated with self-determined motivations, as opposed to negligent and authoritarian ones. The results obtained have been extracted from studies where different self-report measures are administered, so it would be advisable to continue researching this subject.
Estructura de los manglares de Jácome, Veracruz, México (Sitio Ramsar 1602)
Authors: Martínez-García Máría del Carmen , Lara-Domínguez Ana Laura
Published: December 2023

El objetivo general fue realizar una primera evaluación del estado de conservación de la estructura de los manglares del estero de Jácome. En esta zona hay una creciente actividad industrial y portuaria, que podría impactar las condiciones del humedal, por lo que es necesaria una evaluación de la estructura del sistema para poder detectar modificaciones. Dividimos el área por la posible distribución de las especies de manglar en: Zona 1 Jácome, Zona 2 Marinos y Zona 3 TPT. Empleamos el Método del Cuadrante Central (PCQM), medimos la altura y el diámetro a la altura del pecho, y calculamos: área basal, densidad, Índice de Valor de Importancia e Índice de Complejidad. Distinguimos dos tipos fisonómicos: borde (Zona 1), dominado por Rhizophora mangle (83.12%), y cuenca (Zonas 2 y 3), dominado por Avicennia germinans (50.0%) y Laguncularia racemosa (51.2%) respectivamente. La mayor densidad está en la Zona 1 y la mayor altura en la Zona 3; la Zona 2 tiene el mayor índice de complejidad por la presencia de las tres especies. El manglar del estero Jácome se identifica como maduro. Hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en salinidad y área basal por zona (P<0.0001). Este trabajo contribuye a la generación de información sobre el estado de conservación del manglar poco estudiado del Sitio Ramsar, que sirve para la gestión y conservación de estos manglares cercanos al desarrollo portuario.
Características de la unidad de dispersión del mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle L.) en Puerto del Morro, Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador
Authors: Borja Angel , Bonifaz Carmita
Published: December 2023

Caracterizar la unidad de dispersión del mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle L.) en Puerto El Morro, Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador, tiene por objetivo determinar las características morfológicas de la unidad de dispersión desde el fruto al hipocótilo, con su estado y proceso de desarrollo a plántula. Además, de indicar la presencia de esta especie en 0.25 ha, a la entrada y salida de Puerto El Morro, con relación a las otras especies de mangle, reportando su densidad y volumen.
Comparison of hole quality after drilling and helical milling of the Al/CFRP stacks
Authors:   Department of Production Computerisation and Robotisation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland, Doluk Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

Hybrid sandwich structures composed of aluminium alloys and CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) are now frequently used in the aerospace industry. One of the factors inhibiting their application is the difficult processing resulting from the anisotropic nature of this type of construction. These materials are often joined by screws or rivets requiring mounting holes. One of the main problems is ensuring the quality of the holes after machining. The aim of this study is to assess the hole quality (dimensional and shape accuracy) and the occurrence of delamination after machining of a Al 2024/CFRP sandwich structure. In this experiment drilling and helical milling results were compared. A traditional HSS twist drill and a PCD milling cuter with a straight cut were used. The machining was carried out with a variable cutting speed. The tests were performed for two strategy of the machining – Al/CFRP (Al 2024 T3 – Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) and CFRP/Al (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer – Al 2024 T3).
An Investigation of Constraints Experienced by Homegarden Farmers of Coastal Agro-Ecological Units of Southern Kerala
Authors: Thampi Roshni , Thomas Allan
Published: December 2023

Homegardens or homesteads represent a promising land use system and are common in Kerala, where the average size of farm households is small. The present investigation was carried out in the coastal homegardens of three selected panchayaths of Southern Kerala during 2021-22 to measure the constraints perceived by the coastal homegarden farmers. A total of 105 homegardens were included in the sample, with 35 homegardens purposefully selected from each identified panchayat. Farmers were interviewed using a structured interview schedule containing both open and closed-ended questions to understand the constraints. The constraints were then ranked based on the total scores obtained by summing up the individual scores for each constraint. These constraints were categorized into five main groups: Economic, Personal, Technology, Physical, and Other Constraints. Among these, "Lack of scientific knowledge," "Salinity," and "Flooding" were identified as the most critical constraints. Furthermore, the farmers provided valuable suggestions to address these constraints. These recommendations emphasized the development of tailored practices for coastal home gardens, the need for support from extension agencies, collaborative technology development, integration of traditional and scientific approaches, the establishment of market connections, the creation of accessible input centres, and the promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs). These suggestions highlight crucial areas for future action and development, potentially enhancing the sustainability and productivity of coastal home gardens in Southern Kerala, benefiting both farmers and the broader community.
Evaluating Weed Management Strategies and the Differential Effects of Herbicides on Weed Dynamics and Crop performance of Foxtail Millet Grown under the Irrigated Conditions of Rayalaseema
Authors: Sravani P. , Subramanyam D. , Reddy M. B. , Yernaidu Y. , Sree Y. Sindhu
Published: December 2023

At the wetland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, a field experiment was carried out during the (rainy season) kharif 2020 to evaluating weed management strategies and the differential effects of herbicides on weed dynamics and crop performance of foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv] grown under the irrigated conditions of Rayalaseema. The current study has shown that the application of pre-emergence pretilachlor 500 g ha-1 with intercultivation at 20 DAS was followed by hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and it led to the highest weed control efficiency, including foxtail millet's nutrient uptake, and the lowest weed density and dry weight. In unweeded check, a heavy weed infestation reduced the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by crop by 45.67, 18.03, and 35 kg ha-1, respectively. Crop growth parameters, straw and grain production was increased by hand weeding twice, however the benefit-cost ratio lagged behind the most effective weed management strategy, which is applying pre-emergence of pretilachlor 500 g ha-1with intercultivation at 20 DAS. The present experiment indicated that wherever the labour availability for hand weeding is abundant and cheaper, one can go for hand weeding or opt for the said herbicide recommendation taking into the economical considerations.
Trichomoniasis and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors among Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Onosakponome, E. O.  , Nyenke, C. U.  , Ikpeama, R. A.  , Ezenwaka, C. O.  , Nathaniel, C. D.
Published: December 2023

Human trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by an anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis that infects the human urogenital tract. The study is aimed that assessing the association between trichomoniasis and demographic parameters in women attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). The cross-sectional study was made up of 650 randomly selected women, 450 of them were tested for trichomoniasis using urine sample while the other 200 were tested using high vagina swab (HVS). With the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, consenting participants provided their socio-demographic data. The results showed that there was an association between educational status and prevalence of trichomoniasis (p<0.05) in both cases of samples. Also, there was association between age and prevalence of trichomoniasis in HVS tested sample (p<0.05). There was no association between trichomoniasis and occupational and marital statuses (p>0.05). This study has revealed that education and age can impact on the dynamics of trichomonial infection among women.
Assessing Operational Efficiency and Technological Progress: An In-depth Study of China’s E-payment Concept Listed Companies Using DEA-Malmquist Index
Authors: Mahmoud Ali Elsayed , Zhang Heng , Liu Siqi , Zhu Zhiwen
Published: December 2023

Electronic payment (e-payment) enterprises are third-party e-commerce platforms that provide services for buyers and sellers through network service platforms. This study evaluates the operational efficiency of 42 e-payment concept listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2019, using the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist index model. The research results show that the overall operational efficiency of e-payment concept listed companies is in a good state, but some companies are constrained by constant or decreasing returns to scale, and should improve their management ability, streamline their organization, integrate their internal resources, accelerate their structural adjustment, reduce their invalid input, and increase their output level. Moreover, e-payment related enterprises should increase their research and development investment, pay attention to technological innovation, and enhance their core competitiveness. Facing the ever-changing market and more and more competitors, enterprises should use time and opportunity as competitive resources, seize the initiative, and avoid being eliminated by the market. This study provides a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the operational efficiency of e-payment concept listed companies in China, and offers some suggestions for improving their performance and competitiveness in the e-payment industry.
Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Diseases
Authors: Altenburg Marie M. , Davis Andrew M. , DeCara Jeanne M.
Published: December 2023

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2022 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of aortic disease.
Industry Payments for Vibegron and Prescribing Patterns Among Urologic Clinicians
Authors: Polcari Kayla , Hyman Max J. , Skolarus Ted A. , Sales Anne E. , Meltzer David O. , Modi Parth K.
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study compares the prescribing practices among urologists and advanced practice clinicians who received vs did not receive payment from drug manufacturers.
Online Purchase Attempts of Flavored E-Cigarettes to Minors in California Before and After Senate Bill 793
Authors: Donaldson Scott I. , Beard Trista A. , Colonna Rafael , Andersen-Rodgers Elizabeth , Wipfli Heather L. , Ribisl Kurt M. , Allem Jon-Patrick
Published: December 2023

This survey study assesses whether the online purchase attempt completion rate of e-cigarettes changed after passage of California Senate Bill 793.
Dematiaceous Fungal Keratitis With Tentacles Mimicking Pythium Keratitis
Authors: Sravya Rekha , Gaur Smriti , Radhakrishnan Naveen
Published: December 2023

This case report describes a diagnosis of Curvularia fungal keratitis in a man aged 60 years who presented with a paracentral corneal infiltrate in the right eye with tentacular projections.
Interventions for Dry Eye
Authors: McCann Paul , Kruoch Zanna , Lopez Sarah , Malli Shreya , Qureshi Riaz , Li Tianjing
Published: December 2023

Importance

Dry eye is a common ocular disease that can have substantial morbidity. Systematic reviews provide evidence for dry eye interventions and can be useful for patients, clinicians, and clinical guideline developers. Overviews of reviews use explicit and systematic methods to synthesize findings from multiple systematic reviews, but currently, there are no overviews of systematic reviews investigating interventions for dry eye.

Objective

To summarize the results of reliable systematic reviews of dry eye interventions and to highlight the evidence gaps identified.

Evidence Review

We searched the Cochrane Eyes and Vision US satellite database and included reliable systematic reviews evaluating dry eye interventions published from 2016 to 2022. We reported the proportion of systematic reviews that were reliable with reasons for unreliability. Critical and important outcomes from reliable systematic reviews were extracted and verified. Critical outcomes included dry eye–related patient-reported outcome measures. Results were synthesized from reliable systematic reviews to provide summaries of evidence for each intervention. Evidence for each intervention was defined as conclusive or inconclusive depending on whether high-certainty evidence across systematic reviews was available according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria and whether findings reached statistical or clinical significance. Recommendations were made for further research.

Findings

Within the Cochrane Eyes and Vision US satellite database, 138 potentially relevant systematic reviews were identified, 71 were considered eligible, and 26 (37%) were assessed as reliable. Among reliable systematic reviews, no conclusive evidence was identified for any dry eye intervention. Inconclusive evidence suggested that environmental modifications, dietary modifications, artificial tears and lubricants, punctal occlusion, intense pulsed light therapy, vectored thermal pulsation therapy (Lipiflow), topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporine A, topical secretagogues, and autologous serum may be effective. Only unreliable systematic reviews evaluated lifitegrast, oral antibiotics, and moisture chamber devices.

Conclusions and Relevance

This overview of systematic reviews found some evidence that dry eye interventions may be effective, but no conclusive evidence was available. The conduct and reporting of most systematic reviews for dry eye interventions warrant improvement, and reliable systematic reviews are needed to evaluate lifitegrast, oral antibiotics, and moisture chamber devices.
Comparison of da Vinci Single Port vs Si Systems for Transoral Robotic-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Oberhelman Nicholas , Bruening Jennifer , Jackson Ryan S. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Sumer Baran , Holsinger F. Christopher , Chan Jason Y.K. , Gross Neil D. , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Andersen Peter E. , Li Ryan J.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Transoral robot-assisted surgery (TORS) continues to have a major role in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. As new iterations of robotic technology are increasingly utilized, it is important to share learning experiences and clinical outcomes data, to optimize technical efficiency and clinical care.

Observations

This was a retrospective review of a large academic institution’s initial clinical use of the da Vinci Single Port (SP) compared with the da Vinci Si (Si) system. A total of 205 TORS cases were reviewed: 109 in the SP group (November 22, 2018, through September 30, 2020), and 96 in the Si group (January 1, 2016, through November 12, 2018). Both groups had comparable operative times, rates of postoperative pharyngeal hemorrhage, length of hospital stay, and duration of nasogastric feeding tube use. There was no difference in pathological characteristics, rates of positive margins, or indications for or time to initiation of adjuvant therapy between the groups. The collective experience of 6 faculty members—who have trained 139 TORS surgeons for the SP system rollout—was compiled to provide a summary of learning experiences and technical notes on safe and efficient operation of the SP system.

Conclusions and Relevance

This Review found that the functional and oncologic outcomes were comparable between TORS cases performed with the Si and SP systems, and they had similar complication rates. Recognized advantages of the SP over the Si system include the availability of bipolar-energized instruments, a usable third surgical arm, and improved camera image quality.
Effect of Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training Versus Lifestyle Counseling on Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andonian Brian J. , Ross Leanna M. , Sudnick Alyssa M. , Johnson Johanna L. , Pieper Carl F. , Belski Kelsey B. , Counts Julie D. , King Alyssa P. , Wallis Jessica T. , Bennett William C. , Gillespie Jillian C. , Moertl Kaileigh M. , Richard Dylan , Huebner Janet L. , Connelly Margery A. , Siegler Ilene C. , Kraus William E. , Bales Connie W. , Porter Starr Kathryn N. , Huffman Kim M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

To compare a remotely supervised weight loss and exercise intervention to lifestyle counseling for effects on cardiovascular disease risk, disease activity, and patient‐reported outcomes in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and overweight/obesity.

Methods

Twenty older (60–80 years), previously sedentary participants with seropositive RA and overweight/obesity were randomized to 16 weeks of either Supervised Weight loss and Exercise Training (SWET) or Counseling Health As Treatment (CHAT). The SWET group completed aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity), resistance training (two days/week), and a hypocaloric diet (7% weight loss goal). The CHAT control group completed two lifestyle counseling sessions followed by monthly check‐ins. The primary outcome was a composite metabolic syndrome z‐score (MSSc) derived from fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein–cholesterol, minimal waist circumference, and mean arterial pressure. Secondary outcomes included RA disease activity and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Both groups improved MSSc (absolute change −1.67 ± 0.64 in SWET; −1.34 ± 1.30 in CHAT; P < 0.01 for both groups) with no between‐group difference. Compared with CHAT, SWET significantly improved body weight, fat mass, Disease Activity Score‐28 C‐reactive protein, and patient‐reported physical health, physical function, mental health, and fatigue (P < 0.04 for all between‐group comparisons). Based on canonical correlations for fat mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and leg strength, component‐specific effects were strongest for (1) weight loss improving MSSc, physical health, and mental health; (2) aerobic training improving physical function and fatigue; and (3) resistance training improving Disease Activity Score‐28 C‐reactive protein.

Conclusion

In older patients with RA and overweight/obesity, 16 weeks of remotely supervised weight loss, aerobic training, and resistance training improve cardiometabolic health, patient‐reported outcomes, and disease activity. Less intensive lifestyle counseling similarly improves cardiovascular disease risk profiles, suggesting an important role for integrative interventions in the routine clinical care of this at‐risk RA population.
Essential Role of Anisotropy in Bioengineered Cardiac Tissue Models
Authors: Jain Aditi , Choudhury Saswat , Sundaresan Nagalingam R. , Chatterjee Kaushik
Published: December 2023

As regulatory bodies encourage alternatives to animal testing, there is renewed interest in engineering disease models, particularly for cardiac tissues. The aligned organization of cells in the mammalian heart controls the electrical and ionic currents and its ability to efficiently circulate blood to the body. Although the development of engineered cardiac systems is rising, insights into the topographical aspects, in particular, the necessity to design in vitro cardiac models incorporating cues for unidirectional cell growth, is lacking. This review first summarizes the widely used methods to organize cardiomyocytes (CMs) unidirectionally and the ways to quantify the resulting cellular alignment. The behavior of CMs in response to alignment is described, with emphasis on their functions and underlying mechanisms. Lastly, the limitations of state‐of‐the‐art techniques to modulate CM alignment in vitro and opportunities for further development in the future to improve the cardiac tissue models that more faithfully mimic the pathophysiological hallmarks are outlined. This review serves as a call to action for bioengineers to delve deeper into the in vivo role of cellular organization in cardiac muscle tissue and draw inspiration to effectively mimic in vitro for engineering reliable disease models.
Anti‐Swelling, High‐Strength, Anisotropic Conductive Hydrogel with Excellent Biocompatibility for Implantable Electronic Tendon
Authors: Li Na , Yu Qingyu , Duan Sidi , Du Yingjie , Shi Xiaojiao , Li Xinyu , Jiao Tifeng , Qin Zhihui , He Ximin
Published: December 2023

As hydrogels rapidly advance for diverse technologies, their practical applications as implantable artificial tendon becomes promising, yet challenging. It requires similar anisotropic fibril structures, matching water content, high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility, and stable performance under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the capabilities of real‐time joint motion monitoring and implant condition are extremely important for the precise assessment of rehabilitation processes. However, it is challenging to realize all these properties simultaneously. Herein, this work reports an intelligent implantable artificial tendon based on strong and conductive anisotropic hydrogel, by coupling prestretching‐induced ordered structure with drying‐enabled strengthening. The fiber structure fixed during drying/rehydration produces a dense and stable network with a hierarchically anisotropic structure. The resulting anisotropic hydrogel presents excellent anti‐swelling ability (<3%), high tensile strength (3.71 MPa), and toughness (9.86 MJ m−3) upon hydration, at a tendon‐matching water content of 72.5 wt%. The in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrate its excellent biocompatibility with significant protein resistance. With reliable strain sensing, the hydrogel can act as an intelligent artificial tendon to restore and real‐time monitor joint motion in an in vitro model. The SD rats with tendon defects display restored motor function after implantation of the hydrogel as tendon substitutes, facilitating malfunction tissue therapeutics and rehabilitation.
Liquid Metal + x: A Review of Multiphase Composites Containing Liquid Metal and Other (x) Fillers
Authors: Eristoff Sophia , Nasab Amir Mohammadi , Huang Xiaonan , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca
Published: December 2023

Multiphase mixtures containing both liquid metal and solid inclusions in a soft polymeric matrix can exhibit unique combinations of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties. Gallium‐based liquid metals have excellent electrical and thermal properties, and incorporating additional conductive, magnetic, or other solid fillers into liquid metal‐embedded elastomers can yield heightened electrical and thermal conductivities, enhanced elasticity due to lowered percolation thresholds, and positive piezoconductivity. This emerging class of liquid metal + x composites, where x denotes any solid filler type, has applications in stretchable electronics, wearables, soft robotics, and energy harvesting and storage. In this review, the recent literature is consolidated on liquid metal + x composites and their potential to offer uniquely amplified or multiplied bulk properties is highlighted. The literature related to the materials and processing of liquid metal + x composites is reviewed, through which it is found that the properties of the resulting multiphase composites are sensitive to the sequence in which the distinct liquid metal and solid inclusions are incorporated into the continuous phase. This review further includes a summary of relevant predictive modeling approaches, as well as identifies grand challenges and opportunities to advance liquid metal + x composites.
Structure–Property Relationships with Functionalized Subphthalocyanines: Toward Photovoltaic Devices More Stable to Photooxidative Degradation Mediated by Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Aryal Um Kanta , Atajanov Rovshen , Broløs Line , El‐Sayed Ahmed Ali , Henke Petr , Jespersen Malte Frydenlund , Langhorn Line M. , Madsen Morten , Martos Daniel Garcia , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Mogensen Josefine , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Ogilby Peter R. , Rasmussen Mads Georg , Rindom Cecilie , Turkovic Vida
Published: December 2023

In this work, the overarching goal of improving the photooxidative stability of organic components used in photovoltaic devices is addressed, focusing on the common problem of degradation mediated by singlet molecular oxygen. Through a systematic exploration of boron subphthalocyanines (SubPcs), the influence of donor and acceptor substituents on the SubPc's redox properties has been examined, including the SubPc's ability to (1) act as a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen generation and (2) deactivate singlet oxygen are examined. How singlet oxygen formation and removal are influenced by linking together three SubPcs in a compact structure and by linking a SubPc to another molecular unit of relevance for organic photovoltaics (indenofluorene‐extended tetrathiafulvalene) is also examined. Synthetic protocols rooted in acetylenic scaffolding, experimental and computational structure–property relationships (optical and redox properties, singlet oxygen quantum yields, and removal kinetics), and characteristics of a functional photovoltaic device using a SubPc molecule are presented, demonstrating that cyano functionalization results in remarkably enhanced organic photovoltaic device stability.
Solid Additive‐Assisted Selective Optimization Strategy for Sequential Deposited Active Layers to Construct 19.16% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Manjun , Meng Yongdie , Tang Luting , Li Ping , Tang Lingxiao , Zhang Wenqing , Hu Bin , Yi Fan , Jia Tao , Cao Jiamin , Xu Chao , Lu Guanghao , Hao Xiaotao , Ma Wei , Fan Qunping
Published: December 2023

Volatile solid (VS)‐additives are regarded as an effective tool to manipulate morphology of sequential deposited (SD) active layers for improving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs), while the independent effect of VS‐additives on donor and acceptor layers is often overlooked. Herein, a new VS‐additive named 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)benzo[b]thiophene (BTO) is synthesized and applied in SD binary PM6/L8‐BO active layers. Introducing it into bottom PM6 layer (PM6+), BTO has a low volatility and longer volatilization distance, which prolongs the interaction time between BTO and L8‐BO in PM6+/L8‐BO film, leading to an over‐aggregated L8‐BO. While inserting it into top L8‐BO layer (L8‐BO+), the fast evaporation of BTO and excellent dipole interaction between BTO and L8‐BO help to enhance molecular absorption, crystallinity, and ordered packing of PM6/L8‐BO+ system. Therefore, an optimized morphology with proper phase separation is achieved to increase exciton dissociation and charge transfer properties, restrain charge recombination and energy loss of OSCs, yielding an impressive PCE of over 19%. Furtherly, using D18 instead of PM6, binary SD‐systems offer a record‐high PCE of 19.16%. The developed selective optimization strategy for SD active layers provides a deep insight into the working mechanism of VS‐additives for boosting PCE of OSCs.
Reconstruction of D‐Π‐A Polymer Accelerating Photocatalytic Degradation of BPA and Production of H2O2
Authors: Xia Xiaoyong , Feng Jie , Zhong Zhaocan , Yang Xiaoying , Li Najun , Chen Dongyun , Li Youyong , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei
Published: December 2023

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as oxidizing agents are a promising technology. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to initially construct carbazole‐based D‐π‐A type conjugated polymer (PBNCZ) via the oxidative coupling. Additionally, introducing ─COO− through Cyano hydrolysis extends its conjugated structure and improves the energy band structure, which greatly facilitates the generation of •OH as well as the enrichment of pollutants. Detailed experiments and theoretical calculations have proved that the introduction of ─COO− enhances the adsorption of O2 and bisphenol A (BPA), optimizing the reaction path of •OH. Thus, it completely decomposes 10 ppm of BPA within just 10 min, exceeding all previously organic photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the efficiency of photocatalytic H2O2 production by PBNCZ‐COO− reaches 1719.03 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light. This multifunctional material with high adsorption capacity, photodegradation efficiency, and photocatalytic H2O2 production activity provides a solid foundation for the preparation of organic photocatalysts.
High Performance Hybrid‐Phototransistor Based on ZnON/perovskite Heterostructure Through Multi‐Functional Passivation
Authors: Yun Kwang‐Ro , Jeon Min‐Gyu , Lee Tae‐Ju , Kim Jong‐Ho , Kim Su‐Kyung , Kim Se‐Jin , Seong Tae‐Yeon
Published: December 2023

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites are widely investigated for various optoelectronics devices such as photodetectors and solar cells. However, Pb‐based perovskite photodetectors perform poorly because of insufficient mobility and absence of an effective photoconductive gain mechanism. Herein, ZnON/perovskite heterostructures are demonstrated to realize the fabrication of high‐performance hybrid phototransistors. Additionally, a guanidinium iodide (GuI), alternating‐cation‐interlayer (ACI)‐type organic spacers, are utilized as an interface passivation layer. It is shown that the GuI interface layer reduces the defect density of the ZnON surface as well as the bulk perovskite film and promotes the separation and transport of photo‐generated charge carriers. Devices fabricated with the GuI interface passivation layer have a response speed of 0.1 s, excellent responsivity of 5.97 × 106 A W−1, and ultra‐high specific detectivity of 1.28 × 1018 Jones, the highest value among previously reported perovskite‐based hybrid phototransistors. This work provides valuable insights into the design and fabrication of high‐performance metal oxide/perovskite heterostructures with promising applications in future optoelectronic devices.
Molecular Design of Competitive Solvation Electrolytes for Practical High‐Energy and Long‐Cycling Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guangzhao , Li Jiawei , Chi Shang‐Sen , Wang Jun , Wang Qingrong , Ke Ruohong , Liu Zhongbo , Wang Hui , Wang Chaoyang , Chang Jian , Deng Yonghong , Lu Jun
Published: December 2023

Electrolytes with high stability against both Li anode and high‐voltage cathode are critical for high‐energy and long‐cycling lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the free active solvents in common electrolytes are susceptible to decomposition at both Li anode and high‐voltage cathode. Although recently developed locally high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have largely restricted active solvents via Li+ coordination, the free molecules are still released upon the desolvation of Li+ at the surface of electrodes, causing continuous decomposition during long‐cycling processes. Here, a molecule competitive solvation electrolyte (MCE) is shown to stabilize high‐voltage LMBs by introducing a well‐designed and newly synthetic bipolar solvent molecule with one ion‐dissociative polar head and the other highly fluorinated nonpolar tail. The bipolar molecules competitively dissociate Li+ via weak coordination interactions, drastically reducing the ratio of active solvents in electrolytes and the detrimental decomposition at electrodes during the desolvation processes. Consequently, the MCE enables a 1.4‐Ah Li metal pouch cell with a stack energy density of 450 Wh kg−1 along with exceptional operation stability over 400 cycles (retention: 81%). Furthermore, the MCE also maintains the stable operation of a 2.5‐Ah Li‐S pouch cell with an excellent energy density of 417 Wh kg−1 for 70 cycles under practical conditions.
Highly Efficient Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoparticles for Real‐Time in Vivo Time‐Resolved Luminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhu Zece , Luo Zihan , Xie Yu‐Qing , Sun Yiting , Xu Li , Wu Qi
Published: December 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) nanoparticles are used importantly in time‐resolved luminescence imaging for eliminating the background signals from scattering and short‐lived autofluorescence. However, TADF nanoparticles are seldom used for real‐time time‐resolved luminescence imaging, due to their limited luminescence efficiency and lifetimes. To detect delayed fluorescence, multiple excitation cycles with adequate delay times are usually required, leading to long detecting durations and low imaging speed. Herein, highly efficient red TADF nanoparticles are developed through doping a guest molecule, TPAAQ (2,6‐bis[4‐(diphenylamino) phenyl] anthraquinone), in a host (4,4′‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl, CBP) matrix. With a low doping concentration, the nanoparticles can exhibit obvious TADF with luminescence lifetimes over 0.1 ms and photoluminescence quantum yield up to 35%. A cell‐penetrating peptide is used together with the amphiphilic compound for assembling nanoparticles, which can easily penetrate cells and greatly increase the TADF signals for luminescence lifetime imaging. Thanks to the long‐lived and highly efficient TADF, real‐time in vivo time‐gated luminescence imaging of zebrafish is realized on a chopper‐based wide‐field microscope. This low‐cost time‐resolved luminescence imaging method showed a great potential for real‐time detection of life activities in many organisms with high autofluorescence.
3D Printing of Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Microfluidic‐Based System to Manufacture Binder‐Free Macroscopic Monoliths
Authors: Royuela Sergio , Sevim Semih , Hernanz Guillermo , Rodríguez‐San‐Miguel David , Fischer Peter , Franco Carlos , Pané Salvador , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Zamora Félix
Published: December 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have witnessed outstanding developments in the past 15 years, particularly in optimizing their pore structures, linkages, and variety of monomers used in their synthesis. Yet, a significant challenge remains unaddressed: the processability of COFs into macroscopic architectures with arbitrary shapes, as they are typically obtained as unprocessable powders. This study presents a novel strategy to address this issue by developing a 3D printable ink comprising a colloidal water suspension of COF nanoparticles. A microfluidic device is engineered that provides precise control over the gelation process of the COF‐based ink, allowing for a layer‐by‐layer fabrication. As a result, the direct production of large‐scale binder‐free COF architectures from digital designs is achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents.
Frank Partial Dislocations in Coplanar Ir/C Ultrathin Nanosheets Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Zhang Xin , Fei Jiawei , Shi Yue , Zhu Jiawei , Zhang Dan , Zhao Liang , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping
Published: December 2023

Developing highly active and stable acidic hydrogen evolution catalysts is of great significance and challenge for the long‐term operation of commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. In this work, coplanar ultrathin nanosheets composed of rich‐Frank partial dislocations (FPDs) are first synthesized. Ir nanoparticles and carbon (Dr‐Ir/C NSs) use a nonequilibrium high‐temperature thermal shock method (>1200 °C) and KBr template‐assisted techniques. Dr‐Ir/C NSs exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a remarkably high mass activity of 6.64 A mg−1 at 50 mV, which is among the best Ir‐based catalysts.In addition, Dr‐Ir/C NSs are able to operate stably at 1.0 A cm−2 for 200 h as a cathode in a PEM electrolyser, and the original coplanar ultrathin nanosheets structure are maintained after the test, demonstrating excellent stability against stacking and agglomeration. Geometrical phase analysis and theoretical calculations show that the FPDs produce a 4% compressive strain in the Dr‐Ir/C NSs, and the compressive strain weaken the adsorption of H* by Ir, thus increasing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst.