bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new forward-backward penalty scheme and its convergence for solving monotone inclusion problems
Authors: ARTSAWANG NATTHAPHON , UNGCHITTRAKOOL KASAMSUK ,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF SCIENCE NARESUAN UNIVERSITY PHITSANULOK 65000, THAILAND E-mail address: na tta pon@hotmail.com,   DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS FACULTY OF SCIENCE NARESUAN UNIVERSITY PHITSANULOK 65000, THAILAND E-mail address: kasamsuku@nu.ac.th,   RESEARCH CENTER FOR ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE IN NONLINEAR ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION FACULTY OF SCIENCE, PHITSANULOK 65000, THAILAND E-mail address: kasamsuku@nu.ac.th
Published: April 2021

The purposes of this paper are to establish an alternative forward-backward method with penalization terms called new forward-backward penalty method (NFBP) and to investigate the convergence behavior of the new method via numerical experiment. It was proved that the proposed method (NFBP) converges in norm to a zero point of the monotone inclusion problem involving the sum of a maximally monotone operator and the normal cone of the set of zeros of another maximally monotone operator. Under the observation of some appropriate choices for the available properties of the considered functions and scalars, we can generate a suitable method that weakly ergodic converges to a solution of the monotone inclusion problem. Further, we also provide a numerical example to compare the new forward-backward penalty method with the algorithm introduced by Attouch [Attouch, H., Czarnecki, M.-O. and Peypouquet, J., Coupling forward-backward with penalty schemes and parallel splitting for constrained variational inequalities, SIAM J. Optim., 21 (2011), 1251-1274].
Coal-Key Energy Resource for the Future in Kenya? A Review
Authors: Kariuki Dorcas Wambui , Kuria John Muna
Published: April 2021

Coal has been a major contributor to energy security in many developed countries and is projected to continue contributing a significant fraction of global energy demand in the foreseeable future. Although coal power generation has been associated with numerous environmental implications, technological advances in the mining sector have enabled the mining of coal with minimal environmental impacts, especially in major coal-producing countries. In Kenya where inadequate energy supply is a major deterrent to economic growth, the discovery of coal reserves in the country presents a suitable opportunity for the country to address its energy security challenges. The challenge is how the exploitation of this resource can be done sustainably. This article explores the potential for sustainable coal mining in Kenya to address energy security challenges in the country. However, as it will be discussed in the paper, sustainable coal mining is often met with many challenges which include lack of finances, lack of technology, poor conditions of the physical environment, and unsupportive laws and regulations. Therefore, the article concludes that there are adequate ways and technologies that can be adapted in Kenya for sustainable coal mining. However, the decision as to whether coal mining should be embraced in the country should put into consideration the amount and nature of available coal reserves, availability of finances, availability of technologies, physical environmental conditions and the associated laws and regulations.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Online Di Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Nur , Alexandro Rinto
Published: April 2021

Negara Indonesia memiliki potensi bencana yang dapat mengganggu berbagai aspek kehidupan terutama dalam dunia pendidikan. Pada saat ini COVID-19 merupakan bencana yang sedang dihadapi mengharuskan semua komponen dalam dunia pendidikan secara cepat beradaptasi untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai tinjauan umum terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran saat ini dimana pandemi COVID-19 tengah mewabah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode descriptive content analysis study. Metode ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis artikel dan sumber lain yang sejenis tentang media pembelajaran online pada masa pandemic COVID-19. Meskipun sekolah secara fisik ditutup untuk menghindari resiko penularan COVID-19 saat ini, untuk mengaktifkan kelas diperlukan media pembelajaran online agar pembelajaran tetap berjalan. Pembelajaran online merupakan solusi yang efektif, namun perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap teknik pembelajaran ini karena kemampuan untuk menyediakan fasilitas oleh pemerintah, sekolah maupun orang tua siswa sebarannya sangat berbeda di Indonesia.
ОБ ОДНОЙ ГИПОТЕЗЕ В СВЯЗИ С ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЕМ ГОНЧАРСТВА
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tsetlin Yu.B.
Published: April 2021

The article on the basis of long experiments, ethnographic and archaeological data discusses the hypothesis about the origin of forms of earthenware based on the techniques of primitive cooking. Experiments show that as a result of the preparation of meat food in the center, coated with clay of a special composition, it is possible to obtain a fully preserved clay container, which could be a prototype of the fi rst forms of vessels. This assumption is indirectly confi rmed by the results of a special study of the oldest ceramics of the monuments of the Amur Region. The article suggests that the fi rst clay vessels were used to cook hot food on fi re for ritual purposes.
Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Meropenem in the Plasma and Milk of Ewes
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Jasim Al-Jumaili  , Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim
Published: April 2021

This study had been designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Meropenem in plasma andmilk of ewes after intravenous bolus adminsteration, for this purpose, five healthy miking ewes had beenreceived a single intravenous bolus of Meropenem (20 mg/kg) to characterize both of distribution andelimination of Meropenem in plasma and milk, concentrations of Meropenem in plasma and milk hadbeen analyzed by microbiological method and pharmacokinetic data had been analyzed by compartmentaland noncompartmental methods, results of mean ± standard deviation for half-life, volume of distributionand total body clearance for plasma samples were 0.67 ± 0.09 h., 0.169 ± 0.01 and 0.3 ± 0.02 L/hr/kg,respectively, the plasma protein binding ratio were 7.27 ± 0.22 %; while the half-life, Cmax and drugpenetration ratio for milk samples were 9.56 ± 3.13 h, 3.91 ± 0.99 ?g/ml and 0.86 ± 0.23 respectively. Inour conclusions; Depending on the approval state of Meropenem for veterinary therapy, we think that theachieved pharmacokinetic parameters of Meropenem in plasma and milk of ewes will candidate it to be oneof the preferred parentrally administered antibacterial agents to encounter the acute cases of mastitis thatought to be treated hastily.
Patellar Anthropometry in Sex Differentiation - A Study in the Southern Part of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Nagarjuna K  , Mamatha K  , Venkateswarlu B
Published: April 2021

As in many cases, long bones get available in fragments, so gender determination from short as well asrobust bones like patella is paid importance nowadays. So far, the literature reviewed show such records arefound little in India, especially from the state of Andhra Pradesh. The present study is aimed to demonstratethe gender differentiability of different patellar anthropometric parameters viz, length, breadth, weight,thickness & patellar Index, etc., amongst the population of the southern part of Andhra Pradesh in India.A total of 50 intact patellae of which 25 belonging to males and 25 belonging to females, were takenout from human corpses of 20 to 50 years of age group, brought for postmortem to the Department ofForensic Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati. Patellar vertical length, width, differentmeasurements of the individual articular facet, patellar index, and surface area of the articular part, etc.,were measured. In males, the mean of patellar length, Patellar index, Dry weight, Articular surface area werefound to be 3.892 cm, 115.36, 20.06 gm, and 14.164 cm2 respectively and in females, the mean of patellarlength, Patellar index, Dry weight, Articular surface area were found to be 3.608 cm, 103.12, 15.16 gm and9.664 cm2 respectively. The values are found to be less in females than those found in males. The results ofthis study revealed that we can determine the sex of the southern Andhra Pradesh population, just by usingthe patellar measurements when other long bones, skull, and pelvis are not available or fragmented. Butthere remains scope for multicenter study throughout India to validate the fact.
Perceptual restoration of locally time-reversed speech: Non-native listeners’ performance in their L2 vs. L1
Authors: Ishida Mako
Published: April 2021

Nonnative listeners are generally not as good as native listeners in perceptually restoring degraded speech and understand what was being said. The current study investigates how nonnative listeners of English (namely, native Japanese speakers who learned English as a second language) perceptually restore temporally distorted speech in their L2 English as compared with native English listeners (L1 English) reported in Ishida et al. (Cognition, 151,68–75, 2016), and as compared with the listeners’ native tongue (L1 Japanese). In the experiment, listeners listened to locally time-reversed words and pseudowords in their L2 English and L1 Japanese where every 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, or 110 ms of speech signal was flipped in time—these stimuli contained either many fricatives or stops. The results suggested that the intelligibility of locally time-reversed words and pseudowords deteriorated as the length of reversed segments increased in both listeners’ L2 English and L1 Japanese, while listeners understood locally time-reversed speech more in their L1 Japanese. In addition, lexical context supported perceptual restoration in both listeners’ L1 Japanese and L2 English, while phonemic constituents affected perceptual restoration significantly only in listeners’ L1. On the other hand, locally time-reversed words and pseudowords in L1 Japanese were much more intelligible than those in L1 English reported in Ishida et al. It is possible that the intelligibility of temporally distorted lexical items depends on the structure of basic linguistic units in each language, and the Japanese language might have a unique characteristic because of its CV and V structure.
State regulation of the healthcare management system as a strategic imperative in the context of external challenges
Authors: RADCHENKO Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

The study identified key factors in the effective management of the health care system. Emphasis was placed on defining mechanisms and tools for public administration of the national health care system, which determine profound systemic changes in the reform of the industry and developed an improved methodology for assessing the results of effective development of public administration mechanisms through the transformation of procedures and rules governing the interaction of agents. market of medical services of Ukraine. These provisions, in fact, necessitate an analysis of the development of public administration mechanisms in the field of health care in Ukraine as a subject of study, and their interaction in the process of systemic changes in the industry to establish links between major categories. Based on the analysis of the results of the study, the current state of the health care system of Ukraine as a prerequisite for the modernization of the medical sector and increase its competitiveness. State regulation of the health care system should be divided into specific types of regulatory actions that would determine the subject, content, structure of the object of regulation and other parameters. The system of public administration is a set of rules, laws and procedures governing the interaction of participants at the national level. The determinants of the development of mechanisms of state management of the medical sector of Ukraine (socio-political, economic, demographic, socio-cultural) are determined and substantiated. The main reasons that hinder the development of the market of medical services in Ukraine are identified and the main directions and tools for overcoming these obstacles are outlined. The concept of systemic transformation of public administration mechanisms in the field of health care is substantiated, which defines the basic principles, among which are decentralization, democratization, self-regulation, autonomy, intensification, optimization of functions, which provides for diversification of ownership, sectoral governance reform, improving regional governance, financial reform, etc.
Civil society in European and domestic political and legal consciousness: historical and theoretical aspect
Authors: TOVSTA Svitlana
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Systematic study and implementation of the positive experience of the European political and legal consciousness of civil society, identification of effective technologies for the formation of its values is the most important task in the implementation of legal changes in Ukraine.
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the historical and theoretical understanding of civil society in European and domestic legal consciousness, to reveal the features of building the structure of civil society, its functions aimed at achieving high standards of quality of life and democratic rights and freedoms in society.
Result. The idea of civil society, its essence and relationship with the state in the history of foreign, domestic political and legal thought is a long way. Based on the analysis of scholars' views, it can be argued that the concept is multidimensional, and some authors consider its essence in different directions, so the author proposes to clarify and supplement the structure of civil society organizational, communication, spiritual, cultural and informational components that correspond to certain areas of life.
Conclusions. Having considered the history of the development of approaches to civil society, the author developed the essence of the definition of “civil society”, namely: it is an institution of independent public relations, operating on a democratic basis, in the process of preparation, decision-making and monitoring economic, social, cultural, spiritual, legal and political relations. The structural elements of civil society have been improved, which, in contrast to the existing ones, additionally include organizational, communication, spiritual, cultural and information components. It was found that the value and significance of civil society should be based on the interaction of different functions and take into account human rights, information, ideological and educational functions.
Analysis of the activity of money transfer systems in Ukraine
Authors: YATSKOVA Ruslana , BLASHCHUK-DEVIATKINA Natalia
Published: April 2021

The paper explores the theoretical aspects of the concept of a “system of funds transfer” and highlights their division into certain types. An analysis of the activity of payment systems in Ukraine was given and the necessity of their development was substantiated. It is determined how the system of money transfer has a positive impact on the economy in general. The advantages and disadvantages of money transfer systems were analyzed and recommendations have been made regarding the application of the main factors that will contribute to the improvement of these systems.
All of the above is the purpose of this paper.
The results of the conducted research show that now transfers through payment systems are becoming increasingly popular, but market development will depend entirely on several key factors: the development of infrastructure, legislation, and finance.
In conclusion, we can say that payment systems play one of the most important roles in the modern economy. They provide economic entities with the opportunity to make payments on liabilities that arise in the course of economic activity, and the rational organization of payment systems contributes to the smooth functioning of the financial sector. Reliable and efficient payment systems are a guarantee of the stable functioning of both the country's banking system and the economy in general.
Criminological characteristics of fraud and its implications for the audit activity
Authors: HOLOVACH Volodymyr , HOLOVACH Tetiana
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the requirements of International Standards on Auditing (ISA) for the identification and assessment of the distortions of financial statements based on the criminological characteristics of fraud. It is found that ISAs, in considering the management's misconduct by the auditor, propose to be guided by the fraud triangle, which is once developed by the American criminologist Donald Ray Cressy. He is known as researcher of white-collar crime from the standpoint of the theory of differential association. This theory is based on the fact that the individual perceives some values positively, and rejects others. As a result, inappropriate behavior is learned by interacting with other actors through communication. It is during communication the certain motives, which are the result of interpretation of the legislation regarding the determination of favorable or negative circumstances, are formed.
Being guided by this approach, the representatives of the differential association theory during the study of misconduct focused on the methods, motives, attitudes, explanations of illegal encroachment, that justify the decisions, as well as the issues of rationalization and improvement of illegal activity. They also noted that differential associations may differ in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
It is established that such fraud assessment is widely used by foreign experts and it received some attention from domestic scientists and practitioners. Instead, its knowledge by auditors is at initial level and doesn't allow to analyze effectively the various fraud risks. In this regard, the need for in-depth study of the fraud's criminological characteristics in the real conditions of economic development of Ukraine is justified. The attention is paid on the significant spread of fraud in Ukraine and the negative impact of such criminal offenses on auditing. The suggestions for improvement of the financial statements audits with taking into account the criminological analysis of misconduct of management staff are made.
Competencia Digital Docente en el Contexto Paraguayo
Authors: Cañete-Estigarribia Delia Lucía
Published: April 2021

La sociedad actual es cambiante, esto exige al profesorado utilizar diferentes estrategias con el objetivo de lograr una preparación integral. En este sentido, se considera que la introducción de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) son un factor indispensable para esta preparación integral. Paraguay, al igual que los demás países de Latinoamérica, ha desarrollado planteamientos y propuestas en diferentes ámbitos con el propósito de lograr avanzar en el proceso de incorporación de estas tecnologías en educación, para lo cual es indispensable el desarrollo de competencias digitales. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir qué acciones se han emprendido para el desarrollo de competencias digitales docentes en Paraguay desde el año 2012 hasta el 2020. Se utilizó una metodología de carácter bibliográfico descriptivo, mediante esta se realizó una búsqueda de información en diversas bases de datos, a nivel nacional e internacional. Los resultados evidencian que, si bien Paraguay no es un país en vanguardia con respecto al tema expuesto, se están llevando a cabo esfuerzos para innovar e incorporar esta tecnología en educación mediante programas de capacitación docente a la vez que se dota de esta tecnología a instituciones educativas. No obstante, urge una formación más sólida para el profesorado tanto en los aspectos tecnológicos como en los pedagógicos del quehacer profesional.
Semillero de Investigación en Química y Actitud de los Estudiantes Hacia el Laboratorio
Authors: Chalela-Álvarez Graciela , Ávila-Ascanio Luis Fernando
Published: April 2021

A nivel mundial se reconoce cuán importante es el laboratorio de química escolar como espacio para la formación académica. En el presente artículo se analizó la influencia de un semillero de investigación en química en el desempeño académico y las actitudes hacia el laboratorio escolar de la asignatura en seis estudiantes de grado octavo de la Escuela Normal Superior Cristo Rey. El estudio consistió en cinco fases: planteamiento del problema, conceptualización, proyección, interacción y, por último, evaluación. La variación en rendimiento académico se estudió mediante un comparativo en notas definitivas de la asignatura de química en los periodos 1 a 4. La actitud de los estudiantes se analizó usando diario de campo además del registro fílmico. Finalmente, se midió la variación en niveles de ansiedad con una traducción al español de la encuesta de medición de niveles de ansiedad en el laboratorio de química, diseñada por Bowen (1999). Teniendo en cuenta los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos, se puede afirmar, en primer lugar, que el rendimiento académico no se ve directamente influenciado por la asistencia al semillero. En segundo lugar, se demuestra una evolución positiva en las emociones y actitudes hacia el laboratorio. Finalmente, se espera que la ansiedad grupal disminuya. Los resultados aquí expuestos, concuerdan con antecedentes internacionales, estableciéndose así un precedente en la medición de ansiedad en el laboratorio de química en el contexto de un semillero de investigación nacional.
Efecto de la Actividad Física y Desempeño del Aprendizaje Hipocampal
Authors: Almarales-Sanabria Juan David
Published: April 2021

El estilo de vida del hombre se ha caracterizado desde sus comienzos por las diferentes manifestaciones de actividad física en su quehacer diario. Un referente para contextualizar su importancia en el ámbito universitario, para contrastar las variables de conductas nocivas como hábitos de estudios inadecuados, baja capacidad de comprensión en ambientes académicos como factores incidentes en el rendimiento académico por parte de los estudiantes. El objetivo de dicho trabajo describió el efecto de la actividad física como el comportamiento hipocampal asociado al rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios de facultades de cultura física, deporte, recreación, seccional Bucaramanga. Dicho estudio se diseñó con énfasis cuasi experimental, se planteó como un protocolo de intervención de un mes a través de plataformas digitales interactivas n conjunto con un software especializado (MATLAB), mediante el cual un sistema de cómputo numérico dio pie a un entorno de desarrollo integrado con un lenguaje de programación propio, adaptable a otras plataformas como Windows. En tal ocasión, 57 participantes sanos desarrollaron a través de un serial de códigos, diferentes patrones evaluables, la medición de las capacidades del aprendizaje dependiente del hipocampo, en una tarea de búsqueda visual “T”, en correlación con el efecto de variables de actividad física regulada con su alta demanda de oxígeno a nivel fisiológico o cerebral.
Uso de Tecnología como Recurso Preponderante en el Aprendizaje a Distancia en tiempos de Confinamiento Social
Authors: Pineda-Castillo Kristian Armando
Published: April 2021

Hoy en día, se trabaja continuamente con un modelo educativo de tipo sistémico-holístico, el cual se encuentra evolucionando constantemente. De este modo, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la forma en que las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (TAC) aportaron en la preparación de los jóvenes de bachillerato en el contexto de una educación a distancia a lo largo del periodo de confinamiento del COVID-19. Se apeló al enfoque cualitativo, siguiendo el diseño de Teoría Fundamentada constructivista. Los resultados destacaron que las TAC favorecieron la experiencia de los alumnos de distintas maneras; primeramente, porque las estrategias pedagógicas tuvieron un mayor impacto en el proceso de enseñanza, puesto que se promovieron diversas situaciones encaminando a los bachilleres a desempeñar un papel activo; en segundo lugar, los recursos tecnológicos permitieron administrar con facilidad el aprendizaje por medio de diferentes dispositivos electrónico-digitales; finalmente, el uso de las tecnologías promovió el desarrollo de competencias digitales mediante una interacción constante con aplicaciones, así como con plataformas utilizadas para fines formativos. Asimismo, entraron a discusión algunos trabajos de investigación recientes relacionados con el empleo de la tecnología con propósitos educativos. Entre las principales conclusiones, se subrayó la importancia de mantener una sensibilidad hacia los adolescentes en su desempeño y adquisición de habilidades tecnológicas, especialmente cuando no están familiarizados con la gestión del conocimiento a través de dichos medios; si bien, han nacido en una era digital o de inteligencia artificial, las destrezas poseídas por muchos de ellos no han alcanzado un nivel de tipo académico.
Alfabetización Digital como Puente de Exclusión Social Poscovid-19
Authors: Sandoval-Bravo Carlos Henry
Published: April 2021

Se inicia una nueva ventana del siglo XXI y con ella una época de profundos retos sociales y es cómo seguir integrando las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y las múltiples innovaciones tecnológicas a las actividades cotidianas. El mundo tiene hoy un gran desafío a causa del impacto del COVID-19, surgen nuevas oportunidades en el campo de las competencias tecnológicas, dando origen a nuevas desigualdades y brechas sociales lo que motiva a crear nuevas estrategias útiles para poderlas abordar.  El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el fortaleciendo de las habilidades y destrezas tecnológicas-digitales en los entornos infocomunicativos para el desarrollo de trabajo colaborativo. En el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó el enfoque mixto y en el proceso de la recolección de información se utilizó el cuestionario y encuesta.  La población objeto de estudio fue conformada por 130 Agentes Educativas Comunitarias, entre 25 y 68 años, pertenecientes a la Cooperativa de Multiactiva de Agentes Educativas de Girón COOMUDAEG, ubicada en Girón Santander, Colombia. Los hallazgos concluyen que en tiempo de posCOVID-19 las Agentes Educativas tienen oportunidad de seguir fortaleciendo sus habilidades y destrezas tecnológicas en los entornos infocomunicativos, para afianzar el trabajo colaborativo, la resolución de problemas en su vida cotidiana y profesional disminuyendo así el riesgo de exclusión social.
Formación Tecnológica y Competencias Digitales Docentes
Authors: Centeno-Caamal Rosendo
Published: April 2021

La contingencia sanitaria que ha llevado a todo el mundo al confinamiento voluntario en los hogares. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de las habilidades digitales es un asunto primordial en el ámbito educativo, sobre todo por la situación que se vive actualmente a causa de la pandemia. Por ello, resulta significativo establecer la relación que existe entre la formación tecnológica recibida y las competencias digitales docentes de los maestros de educación básica. En el diagnóstico de un estudio exploratorio cuali-cuantitativo en proceso se valoró la percepción que los maestros de educación básica del Sistema Educativo Adventista de Campeche tienen de su formación tecnológica y sus competencias digitales docentes, donde 68 profesores respondieron un cuestionario online de 10 ítems. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los participantes adquirió sus conocimientos tecnológicos por propia iniciativa y opina estar preparada para usar tecnología en su trabajo docente cotidiano. Sin embargo, solo 58.8% indicó emplearlo en instrucción y 47.1%, en colaboración. Por otra parte, en 4 dimensiones de la competencia digital docente se perciben en un nivel intermedio alto, sólo en “Creación de contenidos digitales” se obtuvo una percepción de nivel intermedio bajo. Los hallazgos indican que hay discrepancias entre la formación tecnológica recibida y la competencia digital docente que se emplea en la práctica instruccional. Se concluye la urgencia de alinear la formación de los profesores, diseñando un modelo sistemático permanente para atender sus requerimientos particulares a fin de mejorar su práctica pedagógica.
The Hubble Constant from Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances*
Authors: Blakeslee John P. , Jensen Joseph B. , Ma Chung-Pei , Milne Peter A. , Greene Jenny E.
Published: April 2021

We present a measurement of the Hubble constant H
0 from surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distances for 63 bright, mainly early-type galaxies out to 100 Mpc observed with the WFC3/IR on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The sample is drawn from several independent HST imaging programs using the F110W bandpass, with the majority of the galaxies being selected from the MASSIVE survey. The distances reach the Hubble flow with a median statistical uncertainty per measurement of 4%. We construct the Hubble diagram with these IR SBF distances and constrain H
0 using four different treatments of the galaxy velocities. For the SBF zero-point calibration, we use both the existing tie to Cepheid variables, updated for consistency with the latest determination of the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud from detached eclipsing binaries, and a new tie to the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) calibrated from the maser distance to NGC 4258. These two SBF calibrations are consistent with each other and with theoretical predictions from stellar population models. From a weighted average of the Cepheid and TRGB calibrations, we derive H
0 = 73.3 ± 0.7 ± 2.4 km s−1 Mpc−1, where the error bars reflect the statistical and systematic uncertainties. This result accords well with recent measurements of H
0 from Type Ia supernovae, time delays in multiply lensed quasars, and water masers. The systematic uncertainty could be reduced to below 2% by calibrating the SBF method with precision TRGB distances for a statistical sample of massive early-type galaxies out to the Virgo cluster measured with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Gaia EDR3 Parallax Zero-point Offset Based on W Ursae Majoris-type Eclipsing Binaries
Authors: Ren Fangzhou , Chen Xiaodian , Zhang Huawei , de Grijs Richard , Deng Licai , Huang Yang
Published: April 2021

We independently determine the zero-point offset of the Gaia early Data Release-3 (EDR3) parallaxes based on ∼110,000 W Ursae Majoris (EW)-type eclipsing binary systems. EWs cover almost the entire sky and are characterized by a relatively complete coverage in magnitude and color. They are an excellent proxy for Galactic main-sequence stars. We derive a W1-band period–luminosity relation with a distance accuracy of 7.4%, which we use to anchor the Gaia parallax zero-point. The final, global parallax offsets are −28.6 ± 0.6 μas and −25.4 ± 4.0 μas (before correction) and 4.2 ± 0.5 μas and 4.6 ± 3.7 μas (after correction) for the five- and six-parameter solutions, respectively. The total systematic uncertainty is 1.8 μas. The spatial distribution of the parallax offsets shows that the bias in the corrected Gaia EDR3 parallaxes is less than 10 μas across 40% of the sky. Only 15% of the sky is characterized by a parallax offset greater than 30 μas. Thus, we have provided independent evidence that the parallax zero-point correction provided by the Gaia team significantly reduces the prevailing bias. Combined with literature data, we find that the overall Gaia EDR3 parallax offsets for Galactic stars are [−20, −30] μas and 4–10 μas, respectively, before and after correction. For specific regions, an additional deviation of about 10 μas is found.
Evidence for Multiple Accretion Events in the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Structures
Authors: Kwang Kim Young , Sun Lee Young , Beers Timothy C. , Koo Jae-Rim
Published: April 2021

We present evidence that multiple accretion events are required to explain the origin of the Gaia-Sausage and Enceladus (GSE) structures, based on an analysis of dynamical properties of main-sequence stars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 and Gaia Data Release 2. GSE members are selected to have eccentricity (e) > 0.7 and [Fe/H] < −1.0, and separated into low and high orbital-inclination (LOI/HOI) groups. We find that the LOI stars mainly have e < 0.9 and are clearly separable into two groups with prograde and retrograde motions. The LOI stars exhibit prograde motions in the inner-halo region and strong retrograde motions in the outer-halo region (OHR). We interpret the LOI stars in these regions to be stars accreted from two massive dwarf galaxies with low-inclination prograde and retrograde orbits, affected to different extents by dynamical friction due to their different orbital directions. In contrast, the majority of the HOI stars have e > 0.9, and exhibit a globally symmetric distribution of rotational velocities (V

ϕ
) near zero, although there is evidence for a small retrograde motion for these stars (V

ϕ
∼ −15 km s−1) in the OHR. We consider these stars to be stripped from a massive dwarf galaxy on a high-inclination orbit. We also find that the LOI and HOI stars on highly eccentric and tangential orbits with clear retrograde motions exhibit different metallicity peaks at [Fe/H] = −1.7 and −1.9, respectively, and argue that they are associated with two low-mass dwarf galaxies accreted in the OHR of the Galaxy.
Linemake: An Atomic and Molecular Line List Generator
Authors: Placco Vinicius M. , Sneden Christopher , Roederer Ian U. , Lawler James E. , Den Hartog Elizabeth A. , Hejazi Neda , Maas Zachary , Bernath Peter
Published: April 2021

In this research note, we present linemake, an open-source atomic and molecular line list generator. Rather than a replacement for a number of well-established atomic and molecular spectral databases, linemake aims to be a lightweight, easy-to-use tool to generate formatted and curated lists suitable for spectral synthesis work. We encourage users of linemake to understand the sources of their transition data and cite them as appropriate in published work. We provide the code, line database, and an extensive list of literature references in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/vmplacco/linemake), which will be updated regularly as new data become available.
Fourteen E+A Galaxy Candidates Involved in Interactions
Authors: Greenfield Spencer , Joyce Maya L. , Liu Charles T.
Published: April 2021

Galaxy mergers are a mechanism for rapid quenching of star formation. We are studying E+A galaxies (a type of post-starburst galaxy) and how they are impacted by merging. Examining E+A galaxies with companions offers insight into the evolution of E+As and the quenching process. The Y/Dim Collaboration collected a sample of E+A candidate galaxies from the SDSS DR16. Among the E+A candidates that were visually identified as interacting, 14 were spectroscopically confirmed to have companions. Our sample contained 11 pairs of galaxies and two groups of three galaxies. In one of these groups of three, there are two E+A candidates. Nine of these E+A candidates are involved in minor interactions with their companions.
Optical Constants of a Solar System Organic Analog and the Allende Meteorite in the Near- and Mid-infrared (1.5–13 μm)
Authors: Arnold Jessica A. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Cody George , Videen Gorden , Muñoz Olga
Published: April 2021

Measurements of visible and near-infrared reflection (0.38–5 μm) and mid-to-far-infrared emission (5–200 μm) from telescope and satellite remote-sensing instruments make it possible to investigate the composition of planetary surfaces via electronic transitions and vibrational modes of chemical bonds. Red spectral slopes at visible and near-infrared wavelengths and absorption features at 3.3 and 3.4 μm observed in circumstellar disks, in the interstellar medium (ISM), and on the surfaces of solar system bodies are interpreted to be due to the presence of organic material and other carbon compounds. Identifying the origin of these features requires measurements of the optical properties of a variety of relevant analog and planetary materials. Spectroscopic models of dust within circumstellar disks and the ISM, as well as planetary regoliths, often incorporate just one such laboratory measurement despite the wide variation in absorption and extinction properties of organic and other carbon-bearing materials. Here we present laboratory measurements of transmission spectra in the 1.5–13 μm region and use these to derive real and imaginary indices of refraction for two samples: (1) an analog to meteoritic insoluble organic matter and (2) a powdered Allende meteorite sample. We also test our refractive index retrieval method on a previously published transmission spectrum of an Mg-rich olivine. We compare optical measurements of the insoluble organic matter analog to those of other solar system and extrasolar organic analogs, such as amorphous carbon and tholins, and find that the indices of refraction of the newly characterized material differ significantly from other carbonaceous samples.
Modeling Saturn’s D68 Clumps as a Co-orbital Satellite System
Authors: A’Hearn Joseph A. , Hedman Matthew M. , Hamilton Douglas P.
Published: April 2021

The D68 ringlet is the innermost feature in Saturn’s rings. Four clumps that appeared in D68 around 2014 remained evenly spaced about 30° apart and moved very slowly relative to each other from 2014 up until the last measurements were taken in 2017. D68's narrowness and the distribution of clumps could either indicate that we have a collection of source bodies in a co-orbital configuration or imply that an outside force confines the observed dust and any source bodies. In this paper we explore the possibility that these four clumps arose from four source bodies in a co-orbital configuration. We find that there are no solutions with four masses that produce the observed spacings. We therefore consider whether an unseen fifth co-orbital object could account for the discrepancies in the angular separations and approach a stable stationary configuration. We find a range of solutions for five co-orbital objects where their mass ratios depend on the assumed location of the fifth mass. Numerical simulations of five co-orbitals are highly sensitive to initial conditions, especially for the range of masses we would expect the D68 clumps to have. The fragility of our D68 co-orbital system model implies that there is probably some outside force confining the material in this ringlet.
Chrysosplenium sangzhiense (Saxifragaceae), a new species from Hunan, China
Authors: Fu Long-Fei , Yang Tian-Ge , Lan De-qing , Wen Fang , Liu Hong
Published: April 2021

Chrysosplenium sangzhiense Hong Liu, a new species from Hunan, China, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new species belongs to subgen. Chrysosplenium and is closely related to C. grayanum, C. nepalense and C. sinicum. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 46, indicating a novel basic number x = 23 in Chrysosplenium that is different from other species. This also suggests that C. sangzhiense is probably an allopolyploid derivative of a species with x = 11 and one with x = 12. Morphologically, C. sangzhiense can be easily distinguished from C. grayanum, C. nepalense, C. sinicum and C. cavaleriei, a species not included in our phylogenetic analysis by a suite of characters relating to the sterile shoots, basal leaves, cauline leaves, flowering stem, sepals, disc, capsule and seed. A global conservation assessment is performed, and classifies C. sangzhiense as Least Concern (LC).
Décrire la bibliothèque d’André Schwarz-Bart : enjeux et méthodes
Authors: Villeminoz Jérôme
Published: April 2021

Le fonds Simone et André Schwarz-Bart a été créé en 2017 au département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Il est depuis régulièrement enrichi. À l’été 2018, ce sont environ 1 500 livres annotés de la bibliothèque d’André Schwarz-Bart, ainsi qu’un mètre linéaire de coupures de presse, elles aussi annotées, qui sont arrivés de Guadeloupe. Et avec eux, dans un département pourtant rompu à la gestion de fonds d’archives d’auteurs, un ensemble de questions inhabituelles, aussi stimulantes que le contenu des documents qu’elles concernent.Cet article présente le travail accompli à la BnF sur cette bibliothèque, en le déclinant, sans surprise, selon les grandes missions de l’établissement : collecter, conserver, signaler, communiquer. Il s’agit d’un travail en cours. La phase de description des livres, en particulier, est loin d’être achevée : quelques 350 livres ont été à ce jour examinés et décrits. On se garde donc de donner des informations précises et définitives, comme des dates extrêmes ou même le nombre exact de livres, et l’on doit se contenter souvent d’hypothèses. Pour autant, exposer ce travail est aussi l’occasion de donner une idée juste de la richesse des contenus de cette bibliothèque, et d’esquisser quelques axes de recherche ou pistes d’étude.
Qualité et différenciation des biens informationnels. Une étude exploratoire sur l’information d’actualité
Authors: Lyubareva Inna , Rochelandet Fabrice , Haralambous Yannis
Published: April 2021

Le numérique, que ce soit à travers les innovations de service ou l’usage massif des médias sociaux, influence la qualité des biens informationnels. C’est le cas notamment des biens culturels et de l’information journalistique. Or, la notion et la mesure de la qualité s’avèrent non consensuelles et renvoient à des conceptions et des attentes sociales très différentes. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser la qualité de l’information journalistique à partir d’un modèle de différenciation verticale et horizontale. Nous nous basons sur les méthodes d’analyse de discours en linguistique pour caractériser les choix éditoriaux des producteurs d’informations. En comparant 93K articles de presse portant sur 31 évènements entre 2015 et 2019 et publiés par 55 médias de presse représentatifs en France, nous proposons une cartographie des médias français selon leurs choix de différenciation et évaluons, sur cette base, la qualité de l’information journalistique offerte aux consommateurs.Classification JEL : L1 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance, O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes.
An Overview of Metallic Materials Fabrication by Direct Energy Deposition
Authors: Azhagarsamy P. , Sekar Kannan , Murali K.P.
Published: April 2021

Laser-based Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) is a very quick and freeform fabrication process. L-DED is useful to fabricate near net shape for engineering applications as well as medical applications. L-DED has been successful in making a variety of pure metals and its alloys for industrial needs. This review paper gives an overview of the research progress in various types of metallic materials like nickel alloys, Stainless Steel (SS), and Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) fabricated by L-DED. Simultaneously, the effects of process parametric related factors also discussed. Introduction about nickel alloys, Stainless Steel, and FGMs relevant findings, and their advantages and disadvantages for these alloys are communicated. The paper shows the metallurgical, mechanical properties, and post-processing effects on L-DED fabricated nickel alloys, SS, and FGMs. This paper will be helpful to the researchers and industrialists and for those who are interested to do research in this field.
Synthesis and Studying Induction Heating of Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (x=0-0.5) Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Treatments
Authors: Hussein S. Mahmood , Mubarak T.H. , Ridha S.M. Ali , Al-Zanganawee Jasim
Published: April 2021

The recent development of the using the magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia treatments emphasizes the needed of smart materials to become a safety for heat therapy. Self-regulate magnetic nanoparticles of MnZnFe2O4 may be proper for thermal treatments. Structure and magnetic properties of the synthesis Mn1-xZnx Fe2O4 with x=0- 0.5 by step 0.1were studied. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles of MnZnFe2O4 were prepared by co-precipitation method, followed that heat treatment in the autoclave reactor. XRD results showed that is difficult to prepare MnZnFe2O4 directly using the co-precipitation method. Preparation method yield nanoparticles with spherical shape and there is a slight change in the particle size distribution, also observed shrinkage occurs in the particle size after heat treatments, the average particle size was estimated about 20nm as confirmed by FESEM images. FTIR spectra of samples showed two distinct absorption peaks in the range ~ 617 – 426 (cm-1) related to stretching vibrations of the (Fe-O) in the tetrahedral and octahedral side respectively. Magnetic measurements were carried out using (VSM), M-H curves indicate typical soft magnetic materials and particles so small to be identical superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Heating ability of water based colloidal dispersions of samples were studied under magnetic field strength 6.5kA/m and the frequency 190 kHz, and the results showed when increasing Zn2+ to x=0.3 or more the samples not heated up. Depending on the heating curve susceptibility, effective relaxation time and Néel relaxation time , were determined.
Effect of Coating Thickness on the Corrosion Behavior of Galvanized Steel in 3.5 % NaCl Solution
Authors: Vishwanatha A.D. , Panda Bijayani , Balaraju J.N. , Sahoo Preeti Prakash , Shreyas P.
Published: April 2021

Corrosion behavior of three carbon steels with increasing galvanized coating thickness of 5.6, 8.4 and 19.2 μm named as T1, T2 and T3, respectively, was studied by immersion test, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in freely aerated 3.5% NaCl solution. The major phase in the corrosion product of all the samples after immersion test was found to be zincite, as determined by X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy techniques. The corrosion product on sample T1was well adhered and was compact in most regions. Samples T2 and T3 showed porous and non-adherent growth of corrosion product. Corrosion rates were found to increase with increasing coating thickness. The impedance provided by the coating as well as the substrate was the highest for the sample with thinnest coating (T1). The early exposure of the underlying steel in sample T1 resulted in higher corrosion resistance, which was probably due to the combined effect of zinc corrosion products and Fe-Zn alloy layer. Higher amount of protective γ-FeOOH as well as compact corrosion product could have also improved the corrosion resistance of sample T1. Although the average uniform corrosion resistance was higher for T1, the localized pitting corrosion was also observed, probably due to the thin galvanized layer.
Restoration Mechanism and Sub-Structural Characteristics of Duplex Stainless Steel with an Initial Equiaxed Austenite Morphology during Post-Deformation Annealing
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Hodgson Peter , Beladi Hossein , Chowdhury Amit Roy , Makhatha Mamookho Elizabeth , Dutt Aniket K.
Published: April 2021

Uni-axial compression (UAC) tests and further post deformation annealing (PDA) were done for 23Cr-6Ni-3Mo duplex stainless steel (DSS). The initial morphology was equiaxed (EQ) in nature. In the first stage of PDA, austenite showed limited static recrystallization (SRX) followed by static recovery (SRV); however ferrite showed static recovery (SRV). In the second stage of PDA, the austenite showed grain coarsening followed by disintegration of substructures (DIS); and ferrite revealed mostly SRV leading to grain coarsening. The third stage of PDA envisages substructural disintegration of unstable substructure leading to saturation in both austenite and ferrite. The sub-structural characteristics were provided by Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and its post processing were done by using HKL Channel 5 software.