bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Communal Consumptive Natural Resources Management Approach in Addressing Community Economic Benefit in Western Tanzania
Authors: Hiza Allan L.
Published: April 2024

The role of consumptive natural resources management in addressing community economic benefit in West Tanzania is much likely less known. This study was carried out to assess the impact of communal consumptive natural resources management on community economic benefit. A four-point numerical scale survey questionnaire was administered to 400 respondents, and an interview guide was administered to 40 Key Informants. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed by Excel framing summarizing technique. The research findings indicated that communal consumptive natural resources management had a close to strong correlation and significant positive impact on community economic benefit (CEB). The linear relationship between the communal natural resources management approach and community economic benefit (CEB)Pearson (r) covariance statistical relationship correlation coefficient result was Pearson -r (733) = .73, p<.001. The positive Pearson (r) above 0.7 implied that the relationship was a strong correlation. The impact of the communal natural resources management approach on community economic benefit (CEB) was calculated through multiple linear regression. Multiple linear regression coefficient B= 1.43 at 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34, 1.53; p=0.000. The result implied that an increase of one unit of the communal consumptive model was associated with a positive increase of 1.43 CEB.   The positive increase in CEB suggests that the communal consumptive natural resources management approach significantly impacts community economic benefit (CEB).  It is recommended that to maximize community economic benefit (CEB), communal consumptive natural resources management approaches should be focused on and given significant attention. Moreover, to maximize community economic benefit (CEB), an integrated hybrid combo of consumptive approaches such as sustainable timber, and non-consumptive approaches such as avoided deforestation and increased sequestration carbon credit is recommended for terrestrial natural resources management in western Tanzania.
Indigenous Education System and Environmental Conservation Initiatives for Sustainable Development: Experiences from Nyamwezi in Uyui District, Tanzania
Authors: Mheluka Paschal J. , Mushy Reguli Baltazar
Published: April 2024

For centuries, African communities in their localities have co-existed with their natural environment in a harmonious manner leading to sustainability of both, the humans and the natural resources base. This co-existence is enabled by what is referred to as the indigenous environmental knowledge system. Indigenous knowledge has always been transferred from one generation to the next through norms, stories and cultural practices.  This paper explores Indigenous Education systems and their implications to the conservation practices of the environment in Uyui district in Tabora region. The paper dwells on both primary and secondary data to provide insights on how Indigenous Education Systems embedded with traditional, initiation and local religious affiliation, have been used since time immemorial as one of the indirect initiatives of preserving, protecting and managing natural catchment forests.  Random, Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were used to get a total of 120 respondents for this study. The study revealed that local communities in Uyui district have their system of knowledge affiliated with traditions, rituals and taboos which have been used to protect environmental and natural resources since the pre-colonial era up to the post-colonial epoch in Tanzania. The majority of respondents argue that the indigenous knowledge system was practical in protecting the natural resources in the local areas as it was embedded in the taboos, traditional rituals and religious beliefs. Failure or abandonment of the indigenous traditions has led to mismanagement of forest resources and other natural resources. The paper recommends both local and central government incorporate Indigenous knowledge and experiences in their endeavors of protecting and preserving the Environment in Uyui district in Tabora region for sake of sustainable development in Tanzania.
Predictors of Parental Home Involvement in Low-Income Families in Tanzania
Authors: Kigobe Janeth
Published: April 2024

Understanding factors influencing parents' involvement in education activities is essential in tailoring strategies to encourage and maximize their participation. This study assessed predictors of parental home involvement in low-income families in four regions of Northern Tanzania. The questionnaires assessed 1176 parents of grade two children from 55 primary schools invited to teacher-parent meetings. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that parents' perception of general school invitation, specific teacher invitation, specific child invitation, parents' knowledge and skills, parents' level of education, and marriage conditions were the strongest predictors of parental home involvement. However, parents' past school experience (valence) did not predict their present involvement at home. This study underscores the pivotal role of teachers and schools in instigating and fostering parental involvement at home. Teachers can create a collaborative learning environment beyond the classroom by implementing activities designed to arouse parents' interest and stimulate their desire to participate actively in their children's learning. The study recommends the interconnectedness of the educational ecosystem, where the efforts of schools and teachers serve as catalysts for meaningful parental involvement at home.
Science Subject Choices among Secondary School Students in Ilala-Dar es salaam: The Influence of School-Based Social and Personal Guidance
Authors: Shuma Christina Jerome , Gwajekera Fidel Dassan , Rubeba Asia Mbwebwe
Published: April 2024

This study examined the influence of School-based Social and Personal Guidance (SBSPG) provided in schools on science subjects’ choices among students. Three categories of respondents were involved, including 389 secondary school students, 82 science teachers, and 10 teacher counsellors who were subjected to a Self-Report Questionnaire (SQR), a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and a Semi-Structured interview. A Binary Logistic Regression Model was employed to analyse quantitative data collected through SRQ, while thematic analysis was applied for FGD and interview data. The findings indicated that SBSPG was found to have significant positive influence on students’ science subjects’ choices for both male and females with odds ratio (OR) 2.04 (p=0.004) for males and 1.70 (p=0.005) for females. Therefore, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education Science and Technology to strengthen the efforts to ensure that comprehensive SBSPG fully provided in secondary schools. This could add up the ongoing efforts to bridge the existing gender gap in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Tanzania for sustainable development.
الائمة الاسماعيليين المستورين ودورهم في تأسيس الدولة الفاطمية
Authors: د. حيدر جابر عبد الربيعي
Published: April 2024

نسعى في هذ الوريقات البحث عن الائمة الإسماعيلية ودورهم في بلورة الحركة الإسماعيلية فضلا عن دور مدينة سلمية السورية التي اختارها الائمة الاسماعيليين المستورين الاربعة لاحتضان الدعوة وكيفية تهيئة الدعاة فيها وترتيبهم كدعاة وحدود ومن ثم ارسالهم الى المدن والجزر لنشر افكار وعقائد الإسماعيلية وكيف حافظت هذه الدعوة على نشاطها الديني والسياسي وطرق استمرارها وفق منهج فلسفي سري معقد نابع من عقيدتهم الاسماعيلية ومن ثمة قيامهم بالتمهيد لا قامة دولة شيعية ترعه الحركة الاسماعيلية, والاعتراف بها كفرقة شيعية من فرق المسلمين  واول هذه البوادر ارسال الامام الحسين بن احمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن اسماعيل الداعيتين ابن حوشب الى اليمن وعبد الله الشيعي الى المغرب ومن ثمة جوهر الصقلي لفتح مصر لا رساء قواعد الدولة.
Estrategias didácticas con TIC para un aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de Educación Media Superior
Authors:   Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos del Mar 02, Haas  Hernández Rubisel , Hernández Larios Martha Susana ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: April 2024

La investigación refleja un estudio tipo mixto con un análisis descriptivo dirigido con respecto a la manera de emplear las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y los Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVA), dentro de las estrategias didácticas con el fin de que los estudiantes de educación media superior puedan mejorar su desempeño académico y desarrollar aprendizajes significativos, dando un enfoque más real al aprendizaje y la aplicación en situaciones personales.
La formación continua de docentes de educación física a través de la plataforma de Moodle
Authors:   Secretaría de Educación del Estado de Zacatecas, Ruvalcaba Estrada Oscar Emmanuel , Ruvalcaba Arredondo Leonel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: April 2024

La formación continua busca desarrollar en los docentes las competencias pedagógicas necesarias para poder afrontar de mejor manera los escenarios que día a día viven en sus centros de trabajo, esto con el propósito fundamental de ir perfeccionando su práctica educativa. Por tal motivo, este trabajo es una investigación para la formación continua de docentes de Educación Física a través de la plataforma Moodle, mediante la construcción de un curso e-learning bajo el modelo ASSURE y una perspectiva constructivista en temas relacionados con el uso de metodologías para la enseñanza y el uso didáctico de las TIC.
EVALUATION OF SOME LIVER ENZYMES AND ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN IN WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO E-WASTE IN NNEWI, ANAMBRA STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Abo Isaac Kanu , Mbachu Nancy Amara , Edet Mark Matthew , Ezeugwunne Ifeoma Priscillia , Ugwu Nneka Mabel
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The advent of electricity has spurred significant technological advancements, leading to the production of numerous electrical and electronic devices. This progress, however, has resulted in a surge of largely irreparable electronic waste (e-waste) being constantly shipped to Nnewi, a metropolitan city with large-scale commercial and industrialactivities. E-waste contains thousands of chemicals, many of which are toxic to humans upon exposure.AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in workers occupationally exposed to e-waste.METHODOLOGY: The study comprised 40 e-waste workers (exposed group) and 40 healthy individuals (control group). Approximately 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant. The liver enzymes – ALT, AST, and ALP were evaluated colorimetrically, while AFP was assayed by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Data obtained was statistically analyzed using SPSS windows version 25 with significance set as p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval; Independent T-test, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were employed where relevant. Results were presented as means ± standard deviation in contingency tables.RESULT: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP and serum level of AFP between the exposed subjects and the control. However, significantly negative correlation was found between age and ALT (r = -0.294; p= 0.024), while DOE also had negative correlation with ALP (r= -0.294; P= 0.024) - all among e-waste exposed group.CONCLUSION: This study has shown that exposure to e-waste may not have a harmful effect on the liver function, since there was no significant difference in the liver function enzymes, and serum levels of AFP. However, age and longer duration of exposure to e-waste could be detrimental to health.
دراسة هستوكيميائية لتقييم دور بعض مركبات الأيزويندولين-1-ون ومركبات الجاما-لاكتام في الوظائف البيولوجية للأرانب المختبرية البالغة
Authors: محمد زينب , د. أديب عبدالعلي عبدالحسين  , نور علي  , عدنان شيت خلف
Published: April 2024

تهتم هذه الدراسة بتخليق وتوصيف مشتقات الأيزويندولين-1-ون جاما لاكتام (c-d) المحضرة بتفاعل أنهيدير الفينيل السكسينيك مع قاعدة شيف المناسبة (a-b) وبوجود مركبات جاما لاكتام. تم تحضيره من التفاعل بين 2-كلورو بنزويل كلوريد مع الإيمينات (a-b) في فينيل الليثيوم تحت (N2) atm (-5) في مذيب THF للحصول على منتج γ-lactams. تم التحقق من التفاعل بواسطة كروماتوجرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة (TLC)، وتم التعرف على المركبات المتكونة بواسطة الرنين المغناطيسي النووي، الأشعة تحت الحمراء، وأطياف الكتلة. رد الفعل المقترح لتشكيلاتهم . تم في الدراسة الحالية استخدام 30 أرنباً ذكراً أبيض اللون بمتوسط وزن 250 جرام، تم تقسيمهم عشوائياً إلى ثلاث مجموعات على النحو التالي، المجموعة (1) تضم 10 أرانب غير معاملة كمجموعة سيطرة، المجموعة (2) تتكون من 10 أرانب تعامل مع المركب الأول. أ) بتركيز 30 ملجم | كجم | يوم واحد المجموعة (3) المكونة من 10 أرانب عولجت بالمركب الثاني (B) بتركيز 30 ملغم | كجم | يوم. تم تحديد الجرعة على أساس وزن الجسم وتم إعطاء جميع الحيوانات الجرعات عن طريق الفم لمدة ثلاثين يوماً وتم أخذ عينات الدم في نهاية التجربة بواسطة طعنة قلبية مباشرة وتم طرد العينات وحفظها في أنابيب خاصة عند الساعة الرابعة. درجة مئوية حتى بدء قياس الوظائف الصناعية والإنزيمية للكلى. % من جميع الفئران حتى البدء في تحضير المقاطع النسيجية ودراسة تأثير المركبين. وتباين المركبان في تأثيرهما على بعض المعايير البيوكيميائية المتعلقة بالوظيفة التصنيعية والإنزيمية للكلية. نسجيا أشارت النتائج إلى أن العلاج بمركب A لم تظهر أي تغيرات نسجية، بينما أظهرت نتائج العلاج بمركب B تضخم بعض خلايا الكلى وضمور نوى خلايا أخرى مع حالات التليف واحتقان الدم وارتشاح الالتهابات. الخلايا مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة.
HALAL TOURISM AS A STRATEGY TO MAXIMIZE EMPLOYMENT ABSORPTION IN LAMPUNG
Authors: Siatan Mairizal Salehudin
Published: April 2024

This article describes that it is hoped that this country would be able to create many jobs in order to have strong economic growth. The goal of this study is to give the findings of an investigation of the impact of economic expansion on labor absorption in the province of Lampung. In order to address the labor issues in Lampung Province, analysis will be used to seek for correlations between variables, underlying causes, and potential policy solutions. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the absorption of labor in Lampung Province is influenced by GRDP/share of tourism sector, Total Population Completed High School, and percentage change in room occupancy rate. GRDP/share of tourism sector has a significant relationship between the number of working people. The number of people who work has a significant relationship to the number of residents who have a positive relationship to the number of people who work with the last education graduated from high school.  Tourism is believed to be a solution to the low employment absorption in Lampung province. The development of halal tourism besides being able to increase economic growth will also be able to spur maximum employment absorption. Based on the R square value of 0.995, it is revealed if there is a good enough influence on the independent variable on the dependent variable as shown by the total working population of 99.5 percent, while the remaining 0.5 percent reveals that there are other facts
PERENCANAAN DAN PENGANGGARAN PADA IAIN MADURA DALAM KERANGKA KEUANGAN NEGARA
Authors: Fakhrurraji Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Artikel ini mengulas masalah perencanaan dan penganggaran merupakan sebagian kecil siklus pengelolaan keuangan negara di Indonesia. IAIN Madura sebagai salah satu instansi pemerintah dan bagian dari Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) di bawah Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia terus menerus berupaya meningkatkan mutu pengelolaan keuangan negara di tengah dinamika perekonomian bangsa melalui proses penyusunan perencanaan dan penganggaran. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahapan perencanaan dan penganggaran di IAIN Madura serta menganalisis dari sudut pandang keuangan negara. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Pengambilan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan pihak berkepentingan. Data yang digunakan adalah dokumen perencanaan dan penganggaran berupa dokumen rencana strategis, rencana kerja dan DIPA, RKA-K/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IAIN Madura dalam proses perencanaan dan penganggaran telah mengikuti kaidah dan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Namun masih terdapat program dan kegiatan yang perlu menjadi prioritas dan diselaraskan dengan rencana strategis dan rencana kerja tahunan Institut dan belum tersosialisasikan kepada warga kampus, sehingga direkomendasikan kepada pimpinan Institut untuk merumuskan kebijakan yang dapat diakses oleh unit kerja terkait, berupa penyusunan standar operasional prosedur (SOP) dan melakukan distribusi informasi berupa sosialisasi rencana strategis dan arah kebijakan Institut kepada seluruh civitas akademika serta program dan kegiatan unit kerja dilingkungan IAIN Madura fokus pada penyelarasan terhadap rencana strategis Institut.
PERAN AGEN MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA
Authors: Priyono Eko
Published: April 2024

Makalah kebijakan ini mengulas tentang moderasi beragama sebagai salah satu program prioritas Kementerian Agama yang tertuang di dalam Rencana Strategis Kementerian Agama Tahun 2020-2024. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif, di mana data dikumpulkan, dikelompokkan, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data menunjukkan bahwa diawali pada tahun 2019, Kementerian Agama mulai merintis program-program pengarustamaan moderasi beragama untuk mencerahkan dalam rangka pengembangan cara pandang, sikap, dan praktik keagamaan dengan jalan tengah, menciptakan dan membangun perdamaian, menghormati keragaman, menghormati martabat manusia, menjunjung tinggi adab kemuliaan kehidupan manusia yang diwujudkan dalam sikap hidup yang amanah, adil, penuh kasih sayang, toleransi, tanpa diskriminasi serta saling menghormati dalam keberagaman. Dalam upaya peningkatan moderasi beragama diperlukan agen-agen moderasi beragama yang bertindak sebagai agen yang menebarkan gema atau gaung penting pelaksanaan moderasi beragama di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat sehari-hari, sehingga dapat minciptakan kerukunan antar maupun inter umat beragama. Dengan demikian, penulis merekomendasikan penguatan moderasi beragama tidak saja di lingkup Kementerian Agama, Kementerian/Lembaga, dan pemerintah daerah, tetapi penting pula membuat agen-agen moderasi beragama dengan melibatkan para stakeholders, seperti tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat yang ada di tengah-tengah masyarakat.
Guardians of Citrus Groves: An In-Depth Analysis of Neem Leaf Extract's Effects on Asian Citrus Psyllid Attractiveness, Diaphorina citri kuwayama, And its Potential for Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Aftab Maleha , Razzaq Mahwish , Moqaddas Aleza , Ishtiaq Hajra
Published: April 2024

Background: The pervasive impact of fungal diseases on wheat crops necessitates the exploration of sustainable and safe pest control alternatives. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is renowned for its medicinal properties and is being investigated for its potential as a biopesticide in agriculture.
Objective: To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts on fungal pathogens in wheat crops, aiming to offer an environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicides.
Methods: Neem leaves were collected, sterilized, dried, and ground to powder. This powder was subjected to solvent extraction using methanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, and distilled water. The resulting extracts were tested for antifungal activity against Diaphorina citri kuwayama using the agar well diffusion method. Wheat plants treated with the extracts were monitored for fungal disease incidence and yield changes.
Results: Methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica showed a significant zone of inhibition of 34.67 mm against Diaphorina citri kuwayama. Additionally, methanolic extracts displayed a zone of inhibition of 31.6±2.04 mm, while the control showed 31.33±0.58 mm. The MIC values ranged from 35 µg/ml for methanol to 24 µg/ml for distilled water, with the control at 20 µg/ml. Treatment of wheat crops with these extracts resulted in reduced fungal contamination and enhanced yield.
Conclusion: The study confirms that Azadirachta indica leaf extracts have substantial antifungal properties, demonstrating potential as a natural and environmentally friendly pest management strategy in wheat production. This approach aligns with sustainable agricultural practices and could have a beneficial impact on human health by reducing harmful chemical residues in food.
Impact of TIMI Risk Stratification on In-Hospital Mortality in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Perspectives from a Coronary Intervention Facility
Authors: Basit Abdul , Javeria  , Amir Kanwal Fatima , Zardari Aslam , Waris Abdul , Khan Salman
Published: April 2024

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a range of conditions, including non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification is essential for guiding management strategies to improve patient outcomes. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score is a validated tool for predicting mortality in NSTEMI patients, yet its applicability in South Asian populations requires further investigation.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association of the TIMI risk score with in-hospital mortality among NSTEMI patients in a tertiary care cardiac center and to assess the relevance of the TIMI score as a prognostic tool in a South Asian context.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 126 patients presenting with NSTEMI at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi. Data were collected from June 2012 to June 2013 after the institutional review board's approval. Inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 to 85 with a TIMI score ≥5, while exclusion criteria were refusal to consent and a history of cardiac surgery. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical data, with a significance level set at p≤0.05.
Results: The study found that 52 (41.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus, and 78 (61.9%) suffered from hypertension. A positive family history of coronary artery disease was observed in 29 (23.0%) patients. Among participants, 42 (33.3%) were smokers. The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.3%. No significant differences were noted in mortality regarding demographic and clinical variables.
Conclusion: Elevated TIMI scores in NSTEMI patients are associated with significant in-hospital mortality. The findings underscore the importance of the TIMI risk score as a predictor of short-term outcomes in a South Asian population. The study highlights the need for further validation of the TIMI score in diverse populations and the optimization of risk stratification tools.
Role of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Dressings in Determining the Surgical Site Infection (SSI) on Closed Laparotomy Wounds in Abdominal Surgery: Randomized Controlled Open Label Trial: Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) Trial in a Tertiary Care Setup
Authors: Rupani Sukaina , Ismail Sarosh , Haneef Mehwish , Khan Muhammad Usman , Waseem Sanam , Hashmi Rabia Masroor , Zahoor Bakhtawar
Published: April 2024

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to pose a significant challenge in postoperative care, particularly in abdominal surgeries, due to their prevalence and the associated increase in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and aseptic measures, the incidence of SSIs remains high, underscoring the need for innovative preventive strategies.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) dressings compared to standard dressing methods in reducing the incidence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing closed laparotomy wounds in abdominal surgeries.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted over six months at Civil Hospital Karachi, involving 116 patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the VAC dressing or standard dressing postoperatively. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of SSIs within 30 days post-surgery, evaluated using the CDC classification and Southampton wound grading system. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and Chi-square tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.
Results: The VAC group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of SSIs (13.8%) compared to the non-VAC group (96.6%), with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Age and BMI showed significant differences between the groups; patients in the VAC group were younger (mean age 30.84 ± 10.71 years) and had a lower BMI (mean 19.69 ± 4.16 kg/m²) compared to the non-VAC group (mean age 37.31 ± 12.83 years, mean BMI 22.07 ± 4.41 kg/m²). The duration of surgery and length of incision did not significantly differ between the groups.
Conclusion: The use of vacuum-assisted closure dressings significantly reduces the incidence of surgical site infections in abdominal surgery patients, offering a superior alternative to standard dressings. This method not only enhances patient outcomes but could also lead to a reduction in healthcare costs by minimizing complications associated with SSIs.
FT-IR Characterization and Determination of Mycotoxins (Aflatoxins) (AF’s) from Branded & Unbranded Mixed Spice Samples
Authors: Seelro Muhammad Yousif , Kandhro Aftab Ahmed , Talpur Muhammad Younis , Khaskheli Abdul Rauf , Gishkori Khadim Ali , Memon Ahsan Ali , Sirhandi Pir Arshad Ahmed Jan , Hassan Syeda Sara
Published: April 2024

Background: The global spice market is essential to food industry and public health due to the widespread use of spices as flavor enhancers, preservatives, and medicinal components. However, the quality of spices can be compromised by the presence of mycotoxins, specifically aflatoxins, which pose significant health risks. Ensuring the quality and safety of spices, both branded and unbranded, is of paramount concern, especially in regions with high humidity and temperature that can facilitate fungal growth and mycotoxin production.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of branded and unbranded spice samples from Sindh, Pakistan, by determining their ash content, moisture level, oil composition, and mycotoxin (aflatoxin) content to ensure their suitability for consumption and adherence to food safety standards.
Methods: A total of ten spice samples (five branded and five unbranded) were collected from different cities in Sindh province, Pakistan. Ash content was measured by high-temperature oxidation, while moisture content was quantified through oven drying. Oil was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus, and its quality parameters, including free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide, iodine, and saponification values, were determined using standard AOCS methods. Aflatoxins were quantified by employing an official AOAC method. Additionally, FT-IR spectroscopy was utilized for qualitative analysis of the spice oils.
Results: The ash content varied widely, with the highest in unbranded samples at 18.33% and the lowest in branded at 5.67%. Moisture content across all samples was within the safe limit of 5-10%, with the highest at 4.46% and the lowest at 2.22%. The oil content ranged from 5.96% to 14.56%, with unbranded samples showing higher values. FFA values exceeded the standard 0.1% in all samples, indicating a potential quality concern. Peroxide values were higher than the standard 2 meq/mol in most samples, raising concerns about oxidative stability. Aflatoxin levels were within the EU regulatory limits, suggesting acceptable levels for consumption. FT-IR analysis corroborated these findings, revealing no significant differences in the spectral profiles between branded and unbranded samples.
Conclusion: The study concluded that while moisture content and aflatoxin levels in the spice samples complied with safety standards, there were notable concerns regarding the ash content, oil quality, and peroxide values. These findings highlight the necessity for regular quality control measures and adherence to food safety regulations to ensure the safety of spice consumption.
From Obesity to Diabetes: Uncovering Molecular Connections Sketching Proteomics, A Narrative Review
Authors: Noor Mairaj , Alleza Zikhatu Amina , Gohar Muhammad Bilal , Irshad Tayyaba , Aziz Israr
Published: April 2024

Background: Recent research has illuminated the pivotal role of low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, with gut microbiota dysbiosis playing a key role. Metaproteomics offers a novel lens to explore these interactions by profiling protein compositions in microbial communities, revealing insights into the metabolic disruptions that accompany these conditions.
Objective: This study aims to compile and analyze existing metaproteomic research related to obesity and both types of diabetes, identifying specific metaproteomic alterations that correlate with these metabolic diseases.
Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a rigorous selection process was employed to gather relevant studies on the metaproteomics of obesity and diabetes. This involved analyzing microbial and human protein alterations, focusing on patterns consistently observed in these diseases.
Results: Analysis identified unique metaproteomic signatures associated with obesity and diabetes, highlighting both microbial and human proteins. Specifically, alterations in proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation were recurrent. Despite the identification of up- or down-regulated proteins across studies, the limited breadth of comprehensive metaproteomic data restricts definitive conclusions.
Conclusion: Metaproteomics has shed light on the intricate metabolic disturbances in obesity and diabetes. However, the discipline remains nascent, necessitating further development of specialized databases and standardized methodologies to deepen our understanding and treatment of these complex diseases.
Outcome of Locked Reamed Intramedullary Nail v/s K-NAIL Plus Augmented Plating in Aseptic Distal Femur Non-Union
Authors: Abbas Syed Zain , Azam Muhammad Waqas , Uddin Shuja , Waqas Abdul , Khan Junaid , Ilyas Sohaib , Syed Muhammad Kahlid
Published: April 2024

Background: Aseptic nonunion of the distal femur presents a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery, affecting patient outcomes and healthcare systems. Traditional treatments include locked reamed intramedullary nailing (LRIN) and K-nail with augmented plating, with varied reported efficacies.
Objective: The study aimed to compare the outcomes of LRIN versus K-nail plus augmented plating in the treatment of aseptic nonunion of the distal femur, focusing on union rates, operative time, complications, and functional recovery.
Methods: In this prospective comparative study, 50 patients with aseptic nonunion of the distal femur were randomly assigned to undergo either LRIN (Group A) or K-nail plus augmented plating (Group B). The primary outcome measures included the modified Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures (mRUST) and rates of implant failure and infection. Secondary outcomes considered operative time and intraoperative blood loss. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a p-value of less than 0.05 deemed significant.
Results: Group A exhibited higher mRUST scores at 12 weeks (4.84 vs. 4.16, p=0.010), 24 weeks (6.40 vs. 5.48, p<0.001), and 36 weeks (8.12 vs. 7.00, p<0.001). Nonunion rates at 36 weeks were lower in Group A (12% vs. 36%, p=0.047), with no significant differences in infection rates. Operative time was significantly longer for Group A (159.40±5.82 minutes) compared to Group B (123.96±6.20 minutes, p<0.001), but there was no significant difference in blood loss between the groups.
Conclusion: LRIN outperformed K-nail plus augmented plating in promoting bone union in aseptic nonunion of the distal femur, with a lower nonunion rate and higher mRUST scores, despite a longer operative time.
Various Patterns of the Derangement of Liver Function Tests in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis-A Single Centered Study from Pakistan
Authors: Jan Mahboob , Adeel Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad Usman , Memon Hassan Liaqat , Haq Muhammad Manzoor Ul , Lail Ghulamullah , Khan Raja Taha Yaseen , Ismail Hina , Panezai Muhammad Qaiser , Nasir Abdullah , Luck Nasir Hasan
Published: April 2024

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis often present with various comorbidities, among which liver dysfunction is not uncommon. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among this population suggests a multifaceted interaction between liver health and renal impairment. Studies have indicated that serum aminotransferase levels are inversely related to the severity of CKD and may be affected by hemodialysis.
Objective: This study aimed to delineate the patterns and etiologies of liver function test derangements in an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cohort on maintenance hemodialysis, assessing the association between dialysis duration and liver enzyme levels.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 91 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis at a single center were evaluated. Liver function patterns were classified as hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed based on serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with a significant p-value set at ≤ 0.05.
Results: The average age of patients was 44 ± 15 years. The majority had been on dialysis for one (41.8%) or two years (33%). Hepatitis C (20.9%) was the predominant cause of viral hepatitis, followed by Hepatitis B (13.2%). Sepsis was identified as a major contributor to liver enzyme derangement (58.2%). The most common pattern of deranged liver enzymes was mixed (49.5%), followed by cholestatic (27.5%) and hepatocellular (23%). Elevated transaminases were noted, with AST at 227.8 ± 264.1 IU/mL and ALT at 237.1 ± 281.8 IU/mL.
Conclusion: In the studied ESRD population, sepsis was the leading cause of liver dysfunction, with a higher incidence of mixed liver enzyme pattern derangements. The elevated aminotransferase levels contrast with previous studies, suggesting the need for enhanced infection control and consistent monitoring of liver health in the hemodialysis setting.
Glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic factor GDNF Gene Expression Analysis: Unveiling Neuronal Protection Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease Management
Authors: Ahmad Murad , Shafaq Zoreen , Rajput Ali Raza , Bughio Rabia
Published: April 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), accounting for a substantial proportion of dementia cases, presents a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is particularly complex due to the interplay of metabolic and neurodegenerative processes. Understanding the role of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in this context is vital for elucidating potential therapeutic targets.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the expression levels of the GDNF gene in patients with Type II DM and dementia and to explore the correlation between GDNF expression and cognitive function.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 88 diabetic patients with dementia and 12 healthy controls. GDNF serum levels were measured using Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA), and genomic DNA was isolated for expression analysis via RT-qPCR. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Statistical analysis, including t-tests and one-way ANOVA, was performed using Graphpad Prism version 9.0.
Results: Diabetic dementia patients exhibited significantly lower GDNF serum levels (4.37±1.38 µg/mL) compared to healthy controls (11.37±3.64 µg/mL, p=0.014). MMSE scores were also lower in the patient group (12.26±4.56) than in controls (24.1±3.12, p=0.009). RT-qPCR results showed a relative fold decrease in GDNF expression of 4.1 in dementia patients, indicating underexpression of the GDNF gene.1
Conclusion: The reduced expression of GDNF in patients with Type II DM and dementia underscores its potential as a biomarker for cognitive impairment. These findings pave the way for further research into GDNF-targeted therapies, which could prove pivotal in early detection and management of dementia in diabetic populations.
Association between Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Saleem Maryam , Shabir Habiba , Haris Muhammad , Naqvi Sidra Ali , Ain Qurat Ul , Azfar Hanan , Hashim Adnan
Published: April 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts quality of life, primarily through pain and disability. Existing research indicates a strong correlation between sleep quality and pain management in OA patients, suggesting that sleep may play a crucial role in modulating perceived pain and overall well-being.
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Lahore teaching hospital, Jinnah Hospital. After obtaining approval from the hospital's ethics committee and informed consent from participants, data was collected using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) from 170 diagnosed osteoarthritis patients of varying ages (18-40 years). The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics for demographic data, and chi-square tests to explore the association between sleep quality and pain levels.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 28.74 (SD = 7.001). Among the participants, 15.3% reported no pain, 10.6% mild pain, 41.2% moderate pain, and 32.9% severe pain. Regarding sleep quality, 35.3% of patients reported good sleep, whereas 64.7% experienced poor sleep. The chi-square analysis indicated a significant association between pain levels and sleep quality (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant relationship between sleep quality and the severity of musculoskeletal pain among osteoarthritis patients. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving sleep may enhance pain management and thus the overall health status of OA patients.
Threat to Human and Animal Health Caused by Mycotoxins and Masked Mycotoxins Occurring in Food and Feed
Authors: Anna Pikulicka , Wiesław Barabasz
Published: April 2024

Fungi, and especially mold fungi, play a very important role in natural environments, as well as in the food industry for the production of many specialized products. However, many of them, under favorable conditions, are capable of producing toxic compounds called mycotoxins. Many of them have an adverse effect on the growth and development of all groups of organisms, including humans. Mycotoxins can appear in all food products and animal feed. Mycotoxins accumulated in food of plant and animal origin and consumed by humans can accumulate in various tissues and organs, which results in disorders in their functioning and may cause cancer. Plants have the ability to defend themselves against mycotoxins by neutralizing them as a result of the glycosidation process. Mycotoxins neutralized in this way are called “masked mycotoxins”, which are not toxic to plants, but after entering the body of animals or humans in the digestive tract, they return back to their original toxic form. Let’s appeal and spread knowledge about mycotoxins because they pose a constant threat to the health of people and farm animals.
Comments to Megascopic Quantum Phenomena
Authors: Michal Svrček
Published: April 2024

We present here the incompleteness of the Copenhagen interpretation regarding the impossibility of explaining the transition from the exact quantum mechanics to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where the inaccurate method captures phenomena like spontaneous symmetry breaking, but this is impossible to achieve with exact equations. The solution to this dilemma lies in the revision of quantum field theory which bounds together internal and external (vibrational, translational, and rotational) degrees of freedom in a similar way as the Lorentz transformation deals with space and time. This is the only way how to exactly mathematically justify the corrections beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (Born-Huang ansatz). The consequences are overwhelming: It reveals the wrong BCS theory of superconductivity, derived on the basis of the incomplete quantum field, and all erroneous theories inspired by the BCS one (e.g. Higgs mechanism). Moreover, the second Bohr complementarity emerges from the mechanical wholeness and field fragmentation, opening the door for the megascopic mirror of the microscopic Copenhagen interpretation and for the explanation of megascopic quantum phenomena. Finally, we get an entirely new look at the meaning of physics and chemistry: The first one deals with microscopic and the second one with megascopic phenomena.
Alice De Georges (dir.) Actualités huysmansiennes. Mélanges en hommage à Jean-Marie Seillan
Authors: Gannier Odile
Published: April 2024

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Classiques Garnier, Collection « Rencontres », n° 588, série « Études dix-neuviémistes », n° 62, 20/09/2023, 455 p.ISBN : 978-2-406-14973-6Ces mélanges en l’honneur de Jean-Marie Seillan établissent un premier bilan des pistes que son œuvre critique a élaborées. À sa suite, les contributeurs réinterrogent le rapport complexe de Huysmans à son époque et à l’écriture.Les membres du CTELA sont particulièrement heureux de cette occasion de rendre hommage à Jean-Marie Seillan, enseignant, chercheur, ancien directeur du laboratoire de 2001 à 2007 ; et éditeur des œuvres complètes de Huysmans aux Classiques Garnier.Table des matièresIntroductionPREMIÈRE PARTIE : INTERROGER LE MONDE CONTEMPORAINMimesis de la vie ordinaireDaniel Grojnowski, « Huysmans, Baudelaire, la “modernité” et le “moderne“ »Odile Gannier, « Huysmans et le voyage à rebours »Marc Smeets, « Une flânerie instructive dans un quartier authentique. J.-K. Huysmans et le Saint-Séverin »Politique et religionPierre Glaudes, « Le “chant du nihilisme” dans En ménage »Samuel Lair, « Huysmans, de la rive droite »Jérôme Solal, « Politique et religion. Huysmans et la substitution mystique »Élise Sorel, « Le patriotisme en art selon Huysmans et Bloy. L’exemple de Jeanne d’Arc »Gaël Prigent, « Huysmans et l’abbé Auber »Posture oppositionnelleSylvie Duran, « À reculons »Émilie Sermadiras, « “Que c’est embêtant d’être toujours malade !” Les paradoxes du dolorisme huysmansien »René-Pierre Colin, « Charles Buet, Chantelouve et l’autre front naturaliste »Alexandra Delattre, « « Huysmans et la subversion. L’irrévérence comme style ? »DEUXIÈME PARTIE : QUÊTES ESTHÉTIQUESTranspositions d’artStéphanie Le Briz-Orgeur, « Retour sur les ekphraseis de Là-bas. L’écriture médiévalisante de Joris-Karl Huysmans en question »Aude Jeannerod, « Huysmans et le japonisme »Alice De Georges, « La poétique du naturalisme spiritualiste à l’épreuve de la critique d’art chez Joris-Karl Huysmans »ÉruditionJoël Thomas, « Huysmans et le latin. Une fascination pour la distance »Sylvie Ballestra-Puech, « “Cette tristesse qui succède aux transports éteints”. Bibliophilie et mélancolie chez Huysmans »Espaces médiatiques, vers la naissance d’un monde moderneSylvie Thorel, « La nouvelle et la loi »Bertrand Bourgeois, « Jouer avec le code civil, de la contrainte juridique comme moteur d’écriture huysmansien. À vau-l’eau, Un dilemme et Bougran »Marie-Françoise Melmoux-Montaubin, « Les interviews de Huysmans éditées par Jean-Marie Seillan, questions théoriques et méthodologiques »Gilles Bonnet, « En ligne, un roman inédit de J.-K. Huysmans sur Facebook »Bibliographie, Index des noms, Résumés

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Hélène Baby (dir.), Céline Fournial (éd.), Sylvain Garnier (éd.), Caroline Labrune (éd.) et Frédéric Sprogis (éd.) Du Ryer, Théâtre complet, tome IV
Authors: Gannier Odile
Published: April 2024

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International audience

Classiques Garnier, collection « Bibliothèque du théâtre français », n° 100, sorti le 13/09/2023, 497 pages,ISBN : 978-2-406-14992-7, DOI : 10.48611/isbn.978-2-406-14994-1Le quatrième volume du Théâtre complet de Pierre Du Ryer, dramaturge contemporain de Pierre Corneille, rassemble ses quatre dernières pièces, des tragi-comédies fort divertissantes. Cette édition permet au lecteur de découvrir et de goûter un des auteurs majeurs de la modernité classique.Contient Bérénice, Nitocris reine de Babylone, Dynamis reine de Carie, Anaxandrehttps://classiques-garnier.com/du-ryer-pierre-theatre-complet-tome-iv.html
Les représentations politiques méditerranéennes selon Margaret Mazzantini, Francesca Melandri et Louis-Philippe Dalembert
Authors: Maalaoui Yassine
Published: April 2024

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Sometimes drawn implicitly, sometimes underlined, the characters of politicians are omnipresent in the scriptural project of migrant literature. In literature related to the Mediterranean at the beginning of the 21st century, writers often take a critical stance concerning the political figures. In French the Haitian Louis-Philippe Dalembert in “Mur Méditerranée” (2019) and in Italian Margaret Mazzantini in “Mare al mattino” (2011) and Francesca Melandri in “Sangue giusto” (2017) denounce this deadly diplomacy in which migrants become a weapon of negotiation. Muammar Gaddafi, a sulphurous politician, is portrayed in a negative way, sometimes as the supreme leader of the smugglers between Libya and Italy. Western statesmen also do not get preferential treatment about their involvement in the negotiations between the European Union and Gaddafi in what is commonly presented as a “migration crisis”. What are the issues of such a negative representation of politicians in our corpus? Are we dealing with “Romans à these”? And how does the writer seize politics in exilic literature to intervene in a burning societal debate?

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Tantôt dessinés en filigrane, tantôt soulignés, les personnages d’hommes politiques sont omniprésents dans le projet scriptural de la littérature qui traite des migrations contemporaines. Dans la littérature liée à la Méditerranée du début du XXIe siècle, les écrivains prennent souvent une posture critique vis-à-vis des personnages politiques. En français le Haïtien Louis-Philippe Dalembert dans Mur Méditerranée (2019) et en italien Margaret Mazzantini dans La Mer, le matin (2011) et Francesca Melandri dans Tous, sauf moi (2017) dénoncent en particulier une diplomatie mortifère dans laquelle les migrants deviennent une arme de négociation. Dans ce corpus, Mouammar Kadhafi, homme politique sulfureux, est peint de manière négative, parfois en tant que chef suprême des passeurs entre la Libye et l’Italie. Des hommes d’État occidentaux n’ont pas non plus un traitement de faveur au regard de leur implication dans les négociations entre l’Union européenne et Kadhafi dans ce qui est communément présenté comme une « crise migratoire ». Quels sont les enjeux d’une telle représentation négative des hommes politiques dans notre corpus ? A-t-on affaire à des romans à thèse ? Et comment l’écrivain s’empare-t-il du politique dans la littérature exilique pour intervenir dans un débat sociétal brûlant ?