bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сatamnestic data on the effect of interferon therapy on the course of combined HIV/HCV-infection
Authors: Fazylov V. Kh. , Manapova E. R. , Akifev V. O.
Published: April 2021

Aim: catamnestic analysis of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C in combination with HIV infection.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 145 patients with combined HCV/HIV infection for 8±0,43 years.

Results. 55% of patients received antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis with pegylated interferons and ribavirin. The frequency of achieving a stable virological response is 73%. Persistent virological response with favorable Il-28B genotypes was detected in 85% of cases, with unfavorable genotypes less frequently — in 63% (p=0,028); the relapse rate is 27%. The level of HIV RNA viral load and the frequency of patients with secondary diseases was higher in patients with natural HCV/HIV infection with favorable interleukin-28B genotypes compared to other comparison groups (р<0,05).

Conclusion. The course of chronic hepatitis C after therapy was more positive with favorable Il-28B genotypes. HIV infection was more severe in the absence of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.
Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid under tuberculosis in patients with HIV-infection
Authors: Panteleev A. M. , Sokolova O. S. , Zonova A. V. , Panteleeva S. A. , Lutsenko A. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To carry out an analysis of characteristics and to reveal the peculiarities of laboratory changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with tuberculosis of central nervous system associated with HIV-infection.

Materials and methods. Analysis of 206 patients with CNS tuberculosis associated with HIV-infection who were treated in State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «City tuberculosis hospital No. 2» of Saint Petersburg during the period from 2006 to 2018 was conducted.

Results and discussion. It was concluded that a mean protein level in CSF was 1,6±0,1 g/l and was significantly increased in patients with tubercular meningoencephalomyelitis. When decreasing the amount of CD4-lymphocytes, increasing of protein level in cerebrospinal fluid is observed. As cytosis increases, the amount of neutrophils increases too. Patients with tuberculous meningitis showed remarkable pleocytosis in comparison with patients with meningocephalitis. In 47% of cases, neutrophilic cell composition of CSF was registered. Therewith, the rate of neutrophils in CSF increased as the rate of lymphocytes decreased. Reducing of glucose in CSF was observed in the majority of patients with CNS tuberculosis independently of severity of immunosuppression and extent of brain injury.
First experience of off-label use GLE/PIB+SOF in treating a patient with relapse of RNA HCV 1b viremia and RAS R117H in the NS3 region after NS3/4A PI + NS5AI + NS5BI failure of 3D-therapy PTV/R/OBV+DSV in Russia (case report)
Authors: Sulima D. L. , Yakovlev A. A. , Koryagin V. N. , Larionov V. A. , Gorchakova O. V. , Alekseeva E. A.
Published: April 2021

For the first time in Russia, a description of a case of full application in clinical practice of a completely interferon-free mode of the 3D-mode GLE/PIB + SOF for the treatment of recurrence of HCV 1b RNA viremia after a primary course of interferonfree therapy in the PTV/r/OBV + DSV mode, which included inhibitors of NS3/4A PI, NS5Ai and NS5Bi, in a patient with combined HCV syndrome is presented. The target result of the repeated course of interferon-free therapy — SVR12 — was achieved despite the presence of significant RAS R117H in the NS3 region of the HCV genome and multiple RASs in the NS3 and NS5A regions, the nature of resistance of which to the corresponding inhibitors of GLE and PIB was unknown. Along with a complete virological response, the treatment also achieved a complete immunological response, which lasted for 12 weeks after the end of the repeated course of interferon-free therapy.
Comparative evaluation of various strategies medical care for chronic hepatitis С in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Sleptsova S. S. , Sleptsov S. S. , Semenova V. K.
Published: April 2021

Hepatitis C is a major public health problem and measures against it require the development of a national strategy and concept of a prognostic model. This is relevant for Yakutia, as a tremendous region with extremely specific and severe climatic and social conditions that cause a high incidence of hepatitis C.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of various scenarios for the development of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis C in RS (Y) depending on the strategy for providing medical care to people with chronic hepatitis C.

Material and Methods. The work uses the materials of official statistics of the Federal State Institution of Rospotrebnadzor for RS (Y) and information from the register «Chronic viral hepatitis in RS (Y). To assess the burden of disease, the main scenarios were analyzed using the dynamic Excel model.

Results and discussion. RS (Y) is a disadvantaged territory of the Russian Federation for parenteral viral hepatitis, including hepatitis C. According to the register «Chronic viral hepatitis in RS (Y)», 14643 people are registered, of which with chronic hepatitis C — 7395, which amounted to 50,5%. The proportion of HCV infection in the group of people with cirrhosis is 44.1%, with hepatocellular carcinoma 59,3%, and 76% in the total structure of the dead. Implementation of the WHO scenario for hepatitis C will reduce mortality by 65%, the number of people with hepatocellular carcinoma by 66%, decompensated cirrhosis by 66% and reduce the overall incidence by 34% by 2030.

Conclusion. Achieving the WHO goals by 2030 seems realistic when creating a regional strategy to eliminate HCV in RS (Y), which includes increasing access to therapy with modern drugs with direct antiviral effects, an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic hepatitis C, specialties about the problem of chronic hepatitis C and the possibility of curing it.
Pengaruh Kompensasi, Komunikasi Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja
Authors: Vizano Nico A.
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis kompensasi, komunikasi, dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini seluruh karyawan yang bekerja di PT Iskaba Pratama dengan sampel 109 orang. Karena itu analisis data yang digunakan adalah Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v.23. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kompensasi dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, komunikasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Hal ini membuktikan hasil pengujian (uji t) yang menunjukan nilai signifikasi dan variabel bebas.
Brand Switching Smartphone Lain Ke Smartphone Samsung
Authors: Zulfikri Zulfikri A.P
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Harga, Atribut Produk, dan Iklan sebagai variabel independen, kemudian Perpindahan Merek sebagai variabel dependen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna Smartphone Samsung yang sempat melakukan Perpindahan Merek dari Smartphone lain di Kecamatan Pamulang Tangerang Selatan. Ukuran sampel diambil dari 75 responden dengan metode pengambilan sample Non Probability Sampling dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode PLS/Partial Least Square). Berdasarkan hasil penholahan data dengan PLS memiliki hasil bahwa (1) Harga tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perpindahan Merek dengan nilai P Values sebesar 0,427. (2) Atribut Produk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perpindahan Merek dengan nilai P Values sebesar 0,537. (3) Iklan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perpindahan Merek dengan nilai P Values sebesar 0,004.
Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (Study pada Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta)
Authors: Watoni M. Hibbul
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Populasi dalam peneitian ini adalah 240 perawat Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta yang kemudian diambil sampel sebanyak 120 dengan menggunakan teknik sampelnya adalah purposive sampling. Jenis data adalah data primer dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji coba terlebih dahulu dengan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.Teknik analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji f, dan uji determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dengan alat bantu statistik program spss 20. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengujian secara parsial variabel kepuasan kerja (X1) dan komitmen organisasi (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Sedangkan pengujian secara simultan variabel pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).
PENGARUH CR, DER, TATO DAN ROA TERHADAP PBV (Studi Pada Sub Sektor Tekstil Dan Garmen Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Pada Tahun 2014-2018)
Authors: Firdaus Iwan , Monaliza Rosa
Published: April 2021

This research is to determine the effect of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total asset turnover, and return on assets on price to book value in textile and garment sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The population in this research were the textile and garment sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018 that did not experience losses. The sample method with saturated samples and obtained 7 companies as samples. Research data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The more appropriate method used is the common effect. Partially it shows that the variable current ratio and return on assets have a positive and significant effect on price to book value, the debt to equity ratio has a negative and significant effect on price to book value, while only the total asset turnover variable has no effect on the firm value, price to book value.
BIOPOLITIK DAN KRISIS KEDAULATAN DALAM NOVEL LAMPUKI KARYA ARAFAT NUR
Authors: Dewojati Cahyaningrum , Arifin Moch. Zainul
Published: April 2021

This research aims to analyse the biopolitics and sovereignty crisis in Arafat Nur’s novel, Lampuki (2011). The method used in this research was the literary method with data collection, which was by utilising the listening and dialectical methods. This research used Giorgio Agamben’s biopolitical theory. The results indicate that the biopolitical transformation of the Achehnese society to the Indonesian state moved into the inclusion process from zoe to bios. However, there are research gaps in the area of inclusion, namely bare life. The Achehnese were not automatically brought into a new political order, but they were circling the area between inclusion and exclusion as well as the politicisation of life. In addition to the past history, the sovereignty crisis occurred and was officially declared by the government. As a consequence from the state of exception, the homo sacers in the novel, Lampuki tend to be civilians. The novel does not merely re-present past conflicts, but also implicitly shows root causes of conflict from biopolitics. Keywords: Biopolitics, State of Exception, Homo Sacer, Novel Lampuki.
PENTERJEMAHAN DIMENSI SOSIAL KATA TABU DALAM NOVEL THE CATCHER IN THE RYE
Authors: Fadzil Nur Anis , Abdul Sukur Anis Shahirah
Published: April 2021

This article is a qualitative study examining social dimensions as a factor influencing the translation of taboo words. The social dimension is a component in sociolinguistics that unravels social information of the community within the communication process. Data were retrieved from a novel titled ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ by J.D. Salinger in 1951. The translated version in the Malay language was titled ‘Wira Ladang’, which Zulkifli Ahmad translated in 1999. In this novel, J.D. Salinger narrated the story of a teenage rebellion icon named Holden Caulfield. The social dimension framework by Holmes & Wilson (2017) and translation strategy by Baker (2011) were applied in this study. The study showed that four social dimensions by Holmes & Wilson (2017) – social distance, social status, formality and function – are significant factors in determining strategies used by the translator to address taboo words in translation. The researchers also found that textual formality is a dominant social dimension factor influencing the translation of taboo words. However, other social dimensions did influence the selection of strategies by the translator in translating taboo words. This study can serve as a guide for literary work translators to determine the strategy in translating social dimensions that best suit the norms and culture of Malaysian readers. Keywords: social dimension, taboo word, sociolinguistics, translation strategy, culture.
SIRI’ DALAM ELONG MASYARAKAT BUGIS DI DAERAH TAWAU, SABAH
Authors: Tanra Mansur , Amat Amat Asmiaty
Published: April 2021

The Bugis people, originally from Sulawesi, has moved to and enhanced multiculturalism in Sabah. They gather in communities that retain many ancestral traditions despite inhabiting faraway lands. They are proud of inheriting their local Buginese wisdom, preserved and well-protected, especially by elders. This wisdom is passed on to subsequent generations to be practised – even in modern times. One such wisdom is called ‘siri’’ which represents pride and dignity upon which they build their lives. Therefore, this paper aimed to identify values reflecting ‘siri’’ in the Buginese ‘elong’ using Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutic approach. ‘Elong’ or words were obtained through interviews conducted on informants aged 50 and above in the Buginese community during a field study at Tawau. Findings showed a few themes within the ‘elong’, such as making a living, knowing the importance of knowledge, having good manners, preserving dignity and forgiving. The examination of ‘elong’ proved that they contain ‘siri’’ to steer the Buginese living within various communities. Keywords: Siri’, Elong, the Bugis, Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics.
TRADISI MERANTAU MASYARAKAT MELAYU MENERUSI TEKS TERPILIH KARYA HAMKA
Authors: Ibrahim Nurul Aina , Muhammad Apandi Siti Nuranis
Published: April 2021

As recorded in selected texts written by Buya Hamka, the nomadic tradition of the Malays is loaded with culture and custom elements. The use of selected texts, namely ‘Merantau Ke Deli’ and ‘Di Bawah Lindungan Ka’bah’, was appropriate for the study. This paper also differs from other research due to applying a Western theory to a localised topic such as the Malays’ nomadic tradition. Overall, this study aimed to identify the nomadic tradition by the Malays through specific Hamka works and analysed factors that triggered that phenomenon by applying the theory of migration or the ‘Push and Pull’ Theory introduced by Everett S. Lee (1966). The researchers utilised a qualitative approach, strengthened by Lee’s theory. The theory suggests four factors – factors found within the place of origin, factors in the destination, obstacles and other personal factors. The study found that the Malay characters in Hamka’s works travelled to leave their origin due to poverty and gender issues. Factors at the destination were the promise of a more comfortable life and receiving higher education. It is hoped that this paper could be beneficial and used by researchers in future. Keywords: nomadic tradition, the Malay community, factors, concepts, Theory of Migration by Everett S. Lee.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS UNDERSTANDING FRACTION DIVISION USING RECTANGLE REPRESENTATION
Authors: Ristiana Muhammad Ghiyats , Juandi Dadang , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: April 2021

Fraction division is one of the most difficult subjects in elementary school. Not only elementary students but many prospective teachers don’t understand the fraction division concept yet—most of them using a keep-change-flip algorithm to solve fraction division problems. A study using rectangle representation was conducted by us to prospective teachers. This study aims to see whether this rectangle representation will make prospective teachers understand or not. To do so, we made a mixed-method study with 80 prospective teachers as participants. The results show that 53,75% of prospective teachers use the keep-change-flip algorithm without understanding the concept of fraction division, and just 15% of prospective teachers understand fraction division. We assume that most prospective teachers still can’t imagine how fraction division works in a real-life context. They remember what they used to do to finish the fraction division problem that their teacher has introduced in primary school. Based on the results, we conclude that the study with rectangle representation still needs an improvement, whether the teacher’s explanation or the rectangle media.
Crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of an extruded dual-phase Magnesium-Lithium alloy in very high cycle fatigue regime
Authors: WANG Xiangyu , HE Chao , LI Xue , Liu YongJie , Wang Qingyuan , ZHANG Hong , LI Lang , Wang Chong
Published: April 2021

Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy is a promising alloy in aerospace since it is
known to the lightest structural alloy at present, but its fatigue
behaviors remain to be explored. This work focuses on very-high cycle
fatigue (VHCF) strength and small crack initiation behaviors of an
extruded dual-phase Mg-Li alloy (LZ91). The fatigue strength of the LZ91
alloy at 109 cycles is about 78 MPa, and the fatigue ratio is
approximately 0.46. Microstructure characterization demonstrates that
fatigue crack tends to initiate from the β-Li phase-enriched region. The
α-Mg phase, presenting <10−10 >  fiber texture
with the basal plane, deforms hardly along the extrusion direction and
acts as an enhanced phase compared with the β-Li phase. The deformation
discrepancy localizes cyclic plasticity at the Li phase and finally
leads to the fatigue crack initiation.
The effect of ultrasonographic measurement of vena cava inferior diameter on the prediction of post-spinal hypotension in geriatric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia
Authors: Aslan Yusuf , Arslan Gulten , Saracoglu Kemal Tolga , Cevik Banu Eler
Published: April 2021

Aims: In our study,we aimed to investigate whether end-expiratory vena
cava inferior (expVCI) diameter and vena cava inferior collapsibility
index predicted post-spinal hypotension in geriatric patients undergoing
spinal anesthesia, the correlation between them and other parameters.
Material and methods: Our prospective study included ASA I-4,73 patients
over 65 years of age, who were scheduled for operation using spinal
anesthesia. According to the expVCI diameter displayed with USG before
spinal anesthesia, patients; those with an expVCI diameter less than 1.8
cm previously determined as the threshold value are grouped as
1.(Small-VCI) Group,those greater than 1.8cm as 2.(Large-VCI) Group.
Demographic characteristics of the patients, comorbidities, duration and
type of operation, basal (preoperative) heart rate, systolic, diastolic,
mean blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation values before spinal
anesthesia and after spinal anesthesia in supine position (0 min) and
5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th min and preoperative arterial blood
gas parameters, amount of peroperative urine and bleeding, inotropic and
fluid requirement, complications were recorded. Results: Hypotension
developed in 28(38.4%) patients and bradycardia in 14 (19.2%) of
patients. The patients who developed hypotension had more ASA 2 and ASA
3 (p=0.01), shorter height (p=0.02), and smaller expVCI diameter
(p=0.004).It was observed that they had higher lactate (p=0.03), lower
pH (p=0.006) values, and more inotropic agents were administered
(p<0.001). While the rate of developing hypotension was 51.1%
(n=23) in the patients in the Small-VCI group, this rate was 17.9%
(n=5) in the patients in the Large-VCI group (p=0.004). Conclusion: It
was concluded that the expVCI diameter value measured by USG before
spinal anesthesia in elderly patients is effective in predicting
post-spinal hypotension with lactate and pH values, which are among the
blood gas parameters, and expVCI can be preferred to invasive methods
due to its noninvasive, easy and fast application.
Isotope hydrology and water sources in a heavily urbanised stream
Authors: Marx Christian , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Hinkelmann Reinhard , Soulsby Chris
Published: April 2021

Complex networks of both natural and engineered flow paths control the
hydrology of streams in major cities through spatio-temporal variations
in connection and disconnection of water sources. We used spatially
extensive and temporally intensive sampling of water stable isotopes to
disentangle the hydrological sources of the heavily urbanized Panke
catchment (≈ 220 km²) in the north of Berlin, Germany. The isotopic data
enabled us to partition stream water sources across the catchment using
a Bayesian mixing analysis. The upper part of the catchment streamflow
here is dominated by groundwater from gravel aquifers underlying
surrounding agricultural land. In dry summer periods, streamflow becomes
intermittent; possibly as a result of local groundwater abstractions.
Urban storm drainage is also an important part of runoff generation,
dominating the responses to precipitation events. Although this
dramatically changes the isotopic composition of the stream, it only
accounts for 10-15% of annual streamflow. Moving downstream, subtle
changes in sources and isotope signatures occur as catchment
characteristic vary and the stream is affected by different tributary
inflows. However, effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
serving 700,000 people dominates the stream in the lower catchment where
urbanisation effects are more dramatic. The associated increase in
sealed surfaces downstream also reduces the relative contribution of
groundwater to streamflow. The volume and isotopic composition of storm
runoff is again dominated by urban drainage. As a result, only about
10% of annual runoff in the lower catchment comes from urban storm
drains. The study shows the potential of stable water isotopes as
inexpensive tracers in urban catchments that can provide a more
integrated understanding of the complex hydrology of major cities. This
offers an important evidence base for guiding the plans to develop and
re-develop urban catchments to protect, restore and enhance the
ecological and amenity value of these important resources.
Predicting long-term hydrological change caused by climate shifting in the 21st Century in the headwater area of the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Wu Yiping , Sun Pengcheng , Zhao Fubo , Sun Ke , Li Tiejian , Sivakumar Bellie , Qiu Linjing , Sun Yuzhu , Jin Zhangdong
Published: April 2021

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the amplifiers of global
climate change. The headwater area of the Yellow River Basin (HYRB) on
the QTP is the dominant water source region for the whole Yellow River
Basin (YRB). However, the sensitive responses of hydrological processes
to the intensifying climate change are exerting high uncertainties to
the water cycle in the HYRB. The aim of this study was to investigate
the potential climate change under three Representative Concentration
Pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) and their hydrological impacts in this
region using the ensemble climate data from eight general circulation
models (GCMs) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Compared to
the baseline (1976–2015), the projected climate indicated a rise of
7.3–7.8% in annual precipitation, 1.3–1.9°C in maximum air
temperature, and 1.2–1.8°C in minimum air temperature during the near
future period (2020–2059), and an increment of 9.0–17.9%, 1.5–4.5°C,
and 1.3–4.5°C in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature,
respectively, during the far future period (2060–2099). The
well-simulated SWAT modeling results suggested that due to a wetter and
warmer climate, annual average actual evapotranspiration (AET) would
increase obviously in the future (31.9–35.3% during the near future
and 33.5–54.3% during the far future), which might cause a slight
decrease in soil water. Water yield would decrease by 16.5–20.1%
during the near future period, implying a worsening water crisis in the
future. Till the end of this century, driven by the increased
precipitation, water yield would no longer continue to decrease, with a
decline by 15–19.5%. Overall, this study can not only provide
scientific understanding of the hydrological responses to the future
climate in both semi-arid and alpine areas, but also contribute to the
decision support for sustainable development of water resources and
protection of eco-environment in the HYRB.
Is Cardiorespiratory Disease associated with increased susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in Children?
Authors: Berry Cassidy Du , Saunders Thomas , McMinn Alissa , Tosif Shidan , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Vandeleur Moya , Harrison Joanne , Burgner David , Ranganathan Sarath , Crawford Nigel , Wurzel Danielle
Published: April 2021

Background There are limited data in paediatric populations evaluating
whether chronic cardiorespiratory conditions are associated with
increased risk of COVID-19. We aimed to compare the rates of chronic
cardiac and respiratory disease in children testing positive
(SARS-CoV-2[+]) compared to those testing negative
(SARS-CoV-2[-]) at our institution. Method Prospective cohort with
nested case-control study of all children tested by PCR for SARS-CoV-2
by nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal sampling between March and October 2020.
Children were identified prospectively via laboratory notification with
age and sex-matching of SARS-CoV-2[+] to SARS-CoV-2[-] (1:2).
Clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Results
In total, 179 SARS-CoV-2[+] children (44% female, median age 3.5
yrs, range 0.1 to 19.0 yrs) were matched to 391 SARS-CoV-2[-]
children (42% female, median age 3.7 yrs, range 0.1 to 18.3 yrs). The
commonest co-morbidities showed similar frequencies in the
SARS-CoV-2[+] and [-] groups: asthma (n = 9, 5% vs n = 17,
4.4%, p = 0.71), congenital heart disease (n = 6, 3.4% vs n = 7,
1.8%, p = 0.25) and obstructive sleep apnoea (n = 4, 2.2% vs n = 10,
2.3%, p = 0.82). In the SARS-CoV-2 group, the prevalence of symptomatic
disease was similar amongst children with and without cardiorespiratory
comorbidities (n = 12, 75% vs n = 103, 57%, p = 0.35) who tested
positive. A high proportion of children hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2
infection had cardiac comorbidities (23.8%). Conclusions In this single
site dataset, rates of pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease were
similar in SARS-CoV-2[+] and SARS-CoV-2[-] children. High rates
of comorbid cardiac disease were observed amongst hospitalised children
with COVID-19, warranting further research to inform public health
measures and vaccine prioritisation.
Prognostic Significance of Monocyte to High-density Lipoprotein Ratio in Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Demir Muhammed , Ozbek Mehmet , Aktan Adem , Güzel Tuncay , Aslan Burhan
Published: April 2021

Objective: Development of chronic total occlusion (CTO) consists of
multiple histological stages, with each stage containing different
histopathological features. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein
ratio (MHR) is a useful marker of the degree of inflammatory response.
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MHR
and long-term survival and mortality in CTO patients. Methods: The study
included 493 CTO patients that were followed over a period of 73 months
between January 2011 and December 2019. MHR was calculated from the
venous blood samples taken from each patient immediately before routine
coronary angiography. Results: The study included 493 patients
comprising 353 (71.6%) men and 140 (28.4%) women with a mean age of
63.03±10.88 years. Median follow-up period was 48 (interquartile range
[IQR]: 26-73) months. Patients were divided into two groups: (I) MHR
<17.68 (n=278) and (II) MHR ≥17.68 (n=215). Long-term
mortality was significantly higher in group II than in group I (n=70,
32.6% vs. n=43, 15.5%; p<0,001). On multivariate logistic
regression analysis, MHR was found to be an independent predictor of
long-term mortality (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.089, 95% Confidence
Interval [CI]: 1.055-1.124, p<0,001). The Kaplan-Meier
analysis showed lower survival rates in group II (MHR ≥17.68) than in
group I (MHR <17.68) (75.223±2.670 vs. 89.220±2.102,
p<0,001). Conclusion: MHR could be used as a practical
universal biomarker of mortality and survival in CTO patients.
A Study on Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Singapore
Authors: Chua Marvin , Yeoh Ester , Fun Sharon , Koh Angela
Published: April 2021

Background: This study aims to establish the frequency of severe
hypoglycaemia and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) in Type 1
diabetes (T1D) patients in Singapore. We evaluate the utility of the
Gold and Clarke scores as screening tools for IAH, and assess the
effects of diabetes self-management practices and education in reducing
IAH. Methods: This is an observational study of 131 subjects with T1D at
a regional hospital, which included review of medical records,
self-administered questionnaires and a prospective 4 week period of
self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results: The frequency of
clinically significant hypoglycaemia (blood glucose < 3
mmol/L) during the 4 week period of SMBG was 38.8%, while the frequency
of severe hypoglycaemia over the last one year was 22.5%. Based on the
Gold score and Clarke score, 28.3% and 24.6% of subjects respectively
had IAH. The Clarke score was associated with increased frequency of
clinically significant hypoglycaemia, severe hypoglycaemia and
hospitalizations for hypoglycaemia. Prior group education, education
from a dietitian and education on blood glucose targets were associated
with lower Clarke scores, while adjusting insulin doses for blood
glucose using an insulin sensitivity factor was associated with lower
Gold and Clarke scores. Conclusion: IAH is common in T1D patients in
Singapore and is associated with increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia.
The Gold and Clarke scores are simple tools which can be routinely
administered to identify patients with IAH who might benefit from
specific interventions, particularly structured diabetes education, to
decrease IAH and its complications.
Spatio-temporal variability of precipitation over the Western Balkan countries and its links with the atmospheric circulation patterns
Authors: Milosevic Dragan , Stojsavljevic Rastislav , Szabó Szilárd , Stankov Ugljesa , Savic Stevan , Mitrovic Luka
Published: April 2021

Temporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal precipitation from 71
stations located in Western Balkan (WB) countries (Serbia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, and Montenegro) and their correlations with nine atmospheric
circulation patterns was examined for the period 1950-2016. Annual
precipitation increased significantly throughout the WB (from 2% to 8% per
decade) on 20% of stations located mainly in the mountainous western Serbia
and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. Winter was characterized by
non?significant precipitation changes in most of the studied area, with only
a few stations characterized by significant precipitation increase (up to
12% per decade) in the mountainous area of WB, and a few stations
characterized by significant decrease (up to -6% per decade) in the
Pannonian plain. Significant precipitation increase was noticed on 15% of
the stations in spring, while it was noticed on 17% of the stations in
autumn. Summer precipitation decreased significantly (up to -5% per decade)
on a limited area of northern Serbia (6% of the stations), while the
majority of stations showed non?significant increase. The strongest
influences on annual precipitation in WB region are of the Arctic
Oscillation (AO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO), leading to the
precipitation decrease during their positive phases. Winter precipitation is
significantly negatively correlated with AO, East Atlantic/Western Russia
oscillation (EA/WR), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and has a
significant positive correlation with Western Mediterranean Oscillation
(WeMO) on the majority of stations. MO has the strongest influence on summer
precipitation in WB region leading to precipitation decrease, while AO has
the dominant influence on precipitation in the region during autumn.
MEK/ERK Signaling in β-Cells Bifunctionally Regulates β-Cell Mass and Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Response to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Ikushima Yoshiko Matsumoto , Awazawa Motoharu , Kobayashi Naoki , Osonoi Sho , Takemiya Seiichi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Suwanai Hirotsugu , Morimoto Yuichi , Soeda Kotaro , Adachi Jun , Muratani Masafumi , Charron Jean , Mizukami Hiroki , Takahashi Noriko , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: April 2021

In diabetic pathology, insufficiency in β-cell mass, unable to meet peripheral insulin demand, and functional defects of individual β-cells in production of insulin are often concurrently observed, collectively causing hyperglycemia. Here we show that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is significantly decreased in the islets of db/db mice as well as in those of a cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes. In mice with abrogation of ERK signaling in pancreatic β-cells through deletion of Mek1 and Mek2, glucose intolerance aggravates under high-fat diet–feeding conditions due to insufficient insulin production with lower β-cell proliferation and reduced β-cell mass, while in individual β-cells dampening of the number of insulin exocytosis events is observed, with the molecules involved in insulin exocytosis being less phosphorylated. These data reveal bifunctional roles for MEK/ERK signaling in β-cells for glucose homeostasis, i.e., in regulating β-cell mass as well as in controlling insulin exocytosis in individual β-cells, thus providing not only a novel perspective for the understanding of diabetes pathophysiology but also a potential clue for new drug development for diabetes treatment.
Cross-Indigenous Pembelajara Sejarah Dalam Mengajarkan Nilai-Nilai Multikulturalisme Pada Peserta Didik
Authors: Arta Ketut Sedana
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendidikan sejarah mengalami perkembangan dewasa ini yang dapat dilihat dari aspek konten maupun pedagogiknya, salah satunya dapat ditelaah dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Pendekatan cross-indigeneus mempunya focus kajian masyarakat mendasatkan pada lingkungan native culture, yang pada tulisan ini berusaha mengaplikasikan cross-indigeneus sebagai pendekatan pembelajaran sejarah dalam penanaman pemahaman budaya. bagaimana memahami kurikulum sejarah dalam Pendidikan multicultural sehingga siswa memiliki pemahaman universalitas lintas budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian Pustaka yang menggunakan beberapa referensi tentang pembelajaran sejarah berbasis cross-indigeneus. Hasil kajian mengungkapkan bahwa Pendidikan sejarah bisa ikut berperan dalam rangka mendukung tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam Pendidikan multicultural tersebut, mengingat relevansi pendidikan sejarah dengan berbagai apek kehidupan berbangsapengembangan komponen-komponen kurikulum sejarah itu sendiri.Pembelajaran sejarah dengan pendekatan cross-indigeneus bisa memberikan wawasan baru. Ilustrasi sederhana dari konsep ini, misalnya suatu tema sejarah lokal bisa dikaji dengan bantuan ilmu-ilmu sosial misalnya dikaji dari aspek ekonomi, sosiologi, antropologi, geografi, psikologi.
Психологические предикторы адаптации образовательных мигрантов к трудной жизненной ситуации
Authors: Клименко Виктор А. , Гришина Анастасия В.
Published: April 2021

Во Введении раскрывается понятие образовательной миграции как трудной жизненной ситуации, переживаемой студентами. Миграционные потоки студентов растут с каждым годом во всем мире, а значит изучение психологических особенностей этой группы молодежи, а также сложностей, с которыми они сталкиваются, является чрезвычайно актуальным для психологической науки. Сложившаяся во всем мире ситуация пандемии и вынужденной самоизоляции привела к еще более серьезным психологическим последствиям для образовательных мигрантов, ведь многие из них не могли вернуться на родину, либо приехать к месту учебы, что повышало тревожность за свое будущее и карьеру, за невозможность помочь своим близким и т.д. Проведенное эмпирическое исследование было посвящено изучению сложных жизненных ситуаций, их типов и распространенности на разных группах образовательных мигрантов в период пандемии COVID-19. Новизна исследования заключается в изучении сложных жизненных ситуаций образовательных мигрантов. В разделе «Методы» описана эмпирическая база исследования. Её составили 380 человек – студенты высших учебных заведений Екатеринбурга и Томска в возрасте 18–22 с разным миграционным опытом. Исследование проводилось с помощью авторской анкеты, в которую вошли вопросы о переживании наиболее часто-встречающихся сложных жизненных ситуаций для образовательных мигрантов этих регионов: заболевания коронавирусом, переживания о здоровье близких, несостоявшаяся поездка (фиксирующая сложности передвижения), сложности с учебой, проблемы в личной жизни, бытовые сложности. Раздел «Результаты» показывает, что принадлежность к группе «образовательных мигрантов» не влияет однозначно на специфику восприятия сложных жизненных ситуаций молодыми людьми, их частоту и типичность переживания. В разделе «Обсуждение результатов» полученные данные сравниваются с данными зарубежных исследователей, изучающих особенности адаптации образовательных мигрантов к новой образовательной и социально-психологической среде. Раздел «Выводы» гласит, что самыми «популярными» и значимыми с точки зрения феномена «сложных жизненных ситуаций» для респондентов оказались сложности с учебой и переживания о здоровье близких.
Eksploitasi Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Di Seine Meratapi Citarum melalui Pendekatan Ekokritik
Authors:   Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Firmansyah Rizal , Turahmat Turahmat
Published: April 2021

Disasters, pollution, and animal hunting continue to occur unnoticed that humans are part of their lives. The purpose of this study is to explore the form of the study of the short story writer "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum" which has an environmental theme. and analyze the ecocritical elements reflected by the author through a short story, "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum". This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The approach used is the Garrard ecocritical approach. The data source consists of three short stories, namely, "On the Seine Lamenting Citarum" the author reflects on environmental phenomena which include water pollution. Exploitation of nature which brings casualties. The environmental phenomenon contained in the short story focuses on pollution, settlements, and the earth.
Implicit Teaching Strategies on Grammar Instruction: Students’ Prevailing Stance
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Guci Rizki Indra , Drajati Nur Arifah
Published: April 2021

Grammar teaching in foreign language education has been maintained by most theories as one thing playing a significant role in facilitating the process of learning to read, write, speak, and understand a foreign language. However, scholars label that role as controversial both in the research of second language acquisition (SLA) and language pedagogy. Thus, such condition results in a potential cause of confusion to teachers and students, then leads the researchers to a thoughtful theoretical debate on the topic of the way grammar should be taught: explicitly or implicitly. The aim of the present case study was to gain an insight into the prevailing stance of Indonesian English students on grammar teaching enrolled in a senior high school. To this end, a questionnaire as well as interview sessions were developed and validated based on one construct pair from SLA literature: explicit versus implicit instruction. The findings, in general, showed that the students were found to prefer implicit over explicit instruction. Nonetheless, the stance somewhat changed depending on the proficiency level of students. As an implication, this study supported Indonesian English students to maintain their stance on implicit teaching strategies on grammar instruction, regarding the help they can get in the process of natural acquisition of language.
A Cultural Portrait of “little c” Themes in an English Textbook Used by Indonesian Junior High School Students: A Content Analysis
Authors:   Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dewi Lintang Indah Ayu Respati
Published: April 2021

In recent decades, cultural content analysis of EFL textbooks has received a wide attention in ELT pedagogy. This research aims at analyzing the cultural themes, especially “little c” and culture categories presented in an English textbook used by Junior High School students in Indonesia. This study was carried out using Xiao’s suggested themes for detecting “little c” that represent food, holiday, lifestyles, customs, values, hobbies, and gesture/body language. Besides, it also investigated the culture categories proposed by Cortazzi and Jin, namely source culture, target culture, and international culture. The result showed that the presentation of the source, target, and international culture are in an imbalance proportion. The textbook’s content mostly exposes target culture and source culture. Meanwhile, international culture was not exposed. Moreover, value and food dominated the cultural theme in the textbook. Meanwhile, lifestyle and customs are less exposed. Furthermore, three themes of “little c” (holiday, hobbies, and gestures) were not exposed at all. Due to the imbalance proportion of cultural content, the textbook developers should provide a more balanced proportion of cultural contents in terms of themes and categories to help learners gain more knowledge related to intercultural understanding.
TOTAL ERITROSIT DAN LEUKOSIT BROILER JANTAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR DALAM AIR MINUM
Authors: Sapitri Hani Maya , Santosa Purnama Edy , Suharyati Sri , Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Nigella sativa on total erythrocytes and leucocytes of male broiler. This research was conducted on December 2019�January 2020 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Examination of total erythrocytes and leucocytes was conducted at Pramitra Biolab Indonesia clinical Laboratory, Bandar Lampung. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replication. The treatments given were drinking water without Nigella sativa (P0), drinking water with 36 mg/kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P1), drinking water with 72 mg/kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P2), drinking water with 144 mg/kg BW/day of Nigella sativa (P3). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that giving Nigella sativa at a dose of 144 mg/kg BW/day (P3) was an effective dose for increasing total erythrocytes and leucocytes.

Keywords: Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, Male broiler, Nigella sativa
CONCEPTION RATE PADA SAPI KRUI DI KECAMATAN PESISIR SELATAN KABUPATEN PESISIR BARAT
Authors: Saputra Rahmat , Hartono Madi , Suharyati Sri
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research was to know the value of conception rate and the factors affecting the conception rate of Krui Cattles in Pesisir Selatan District, Pesisir Barat Regency. This research was carried out using survey method with census data collection in December 2019 until January 2020. This study used data of 166 artificially inseminated Krui cattles belong to 75 farmers and secondary data of the result of artificial insemination from two inseminators. Data was analysed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS program. The result showed that conception rate of Krui cattles at Pesisir Selatan District was 58.43%. Factors that affect conception rate were the amount of forage giving that negatively associated with factor value of 0.006, body condition score that positively associated with factor value of 0.102, and service per conception that negatively associated with factor value of 0.591.

Keywords : conception rates, Krui cattles
Evaluation of the stance phases of warmblood sport horses on soft and hard surfaces by infrared optical sensors
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey, Gündemir Ozan , Olğun Erdikmen Dilek , Parkan Yaramış Çağla
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to assertain the differences in walking time of sport horses by investigating their stance phases on soft versus hard surfaces using infrared sensors. A total of 15 warmblood sport horses were used in the study. Three different stages of the stance phase were examined, including initial contact, foot flat and propulsion, alongside assessment of walking pace and step-length. It was observed that the horses were inclined to walk more slowly on soft surfaces compared to hard ground. The amount of time spent in the foot flat position constituted the majority of the stance phase on both surfaces. Propulsion length during the stance phase was shorter on soft surfaces in comparison to hard ground. While the ratio of contact length in forelimbs was lower on hard ground compared to soft surfaces, in hind limbs this ratio was higher on hard ground. Objective data obtained through gait analysis systems are thought to serve as a potential auxiliary diagnostic tool in diseases associated with the locomotor system manifested by lameness, particularly in equine veterinary medicine. In the future, the relevant systems that could offer rapid results through current technology are anticipated to provide accurate preliminary assumptions to evaluate the potential of horses regarding their walking, trotting, and leaping capacity before competitions through such studies.
Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new indicator of oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey, Emre Birten , Korkmaz Ömer , Koyuncu Ismail , Çomaklı Selim , Akçay Aytaç , Zonturlu Abuzer K. , Erel Özcan
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in infertile cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Endometrial cytological samples were collected using a cytobrush to diagnose SCE in 36 infertile cows. According to the results of the cytology examination, those with acute endometritis were classified as Group I (n = 20) and those with chronic endometritis were classified as Group II (n = 16). A control group was formed of heifers as Group III (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from each group on the day of diagnosis (day 0) to analyse TDH. In the cytology examination, both the Giemsa method and immunocytochemical staining were applied to determine chronic inflammation and activity status. In 55.55% (20/36) of the infertile cows with cytological endometritis, the inflammation was determined to be active, and in 44.44% (16/36) it had become chronic. The native thiol and total thiol levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the acute (206.54 ± 8.30 μmol/L; 227.11 ± 9.30 μmol/L) and chronic SCE cases (225.15 ± 11.89 μmol/L; 247.96 ± 10.80 μmol/L) compared to the heathy control group (308.47 ± 13.59 μmol/L; 336.83 ± 15.5 μmol/L respectively) (P<0.001). Disulphide levels, disulphide/total thiol, native thiol/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios were similar in all the groups (P>0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of native thiol, which can be used in the diagnosis of SCE, was 92.8%, that of total thiol was 89.3% and that of disulphide was 64.3% according to the ROC curve analysis. These results demonstrate that TDH is a reliable and sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in cow SCE, and that abnormal TDH might play a role in SCE pathogenic mechanisms. This is the first study to evaluate thiol/disulphide homeostasis in dairy cows with SCE as a new indicator of oxidative stress.