bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participants’ accrual and delivery of HIV prevention interventions among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Nyato Daniel
Published: August 2018

Background: Across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) compared with other men of the same age group in the general population. Access to HIV services remains low among this group although several effective interventions have been documented. It is therefore important to identify what has worked well to increase the reach of HIV services among MSM.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, POPLINE and the Web of Science databases to collect published articles reporting HIV interventions among MSM across sub-Saharan Africa. Covidence was used to review the articles. The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD42017060808.Results: The search identified 2627 citations, and following removal of duplicates and inclusion and exclusion criteria,only 15 papers were eligible for inclusion in the review. The articles reported various accrual strategies, namely: respondent-driven sampling, known peers identified through hotspot or baseline surveys, engagement with existing community-based organizations, and through peer educators contacting MSM in virtual sites. Some programs, however, combined some of these accrual strategies. Peer-led outreach services were indicated to reach and deliver services to more MSM. A combination of peer outreach and mobile clinics increased uptake of health information and services. Health facilities, especially MSM-friendly facilities attract access and use of services by MSM and retention into care.Conclusions: There are various strategies for accrual and delivering services to MSM across SSA. However, each of these strategies have specific strengths and weaknesses necessitating combinations of interventions and integration of the specific context to inform implementation. If the best of intervention content and implementation are used to inform these services, sufficient coverage and impact of HIV prevention and treatment programs for MSM across SSA can be optimized.Keywords: HIV intervention, Accrual, Delivery, Men who have sex with men, sub-Saharan Africa
Abordagens teórico-metodológicas da formação de professores em dois tempos: olhares sobre o CIPA I (2004) e o CIPA V (2012)
Authors: Bragança Inês Ferreira de Souza , Abrahão Maria Helena Menna Barreto
Published: August 2018

O presente texto retoma pesquisa que consistiu no estudo da produção dos Congressos Internacionais de Pesquisa (Auto)biográfica (CIPA), tendo em vista o levantamento de indícios sobre os movimentos teórico-metodológicos do campo. Partilhamos, aqui, um recorte do trabalho que focalizou 11 capítulos do livro do I CIPA e 34 da coleção de 9 livros relativos ao V CIPA, tendo como filtro a formação de professores, especificamente os textos voltados para uma abordagem geral/teórica sobre as dinâmicas de formação docente em diálogo com a perspectiva (auto)biográfica e os trabalhos voltados para práticas de formação, incluindo formação inicial, continuada e desenvolvida no contexto escolar. Iniciamos com o olhar dirigido para o I e o V CIPA, tecemos um diálogo entre os referenciais teórico-metodológicos que fundamentam as pesquisas desenvolvidas e finalizamos com reflexões que apontam para a continuidade do estudo.
VIDEOBIOGRAFIAS DE EXCLUSÃO NA ESCUTA DE COMPORTAMENTOS DESAFIADORES NA ESCOLA
Authors: Souza Cristóvão Pereira , Passeggi Maria Da Conceição
Published: August 2018

Discute-se, com base na noção de “educação inclusiva”, as dificuldades de aprendizagem e inadaptação escolar de crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados por medida protetiva de abrigo. Pressupõe-se que os significados e sentidos atribuídos por esses indivíduos a suas vivências no tempo/espaço escolar contribuem para a compreensão dos comportamentos desafiadores pelos quais eles são negativamente discriminados, tanto na escola como fora dela. Os preceitos teórico-metodológicos da pesquisa (auto)biográfica e da Antropologia visual apoiaram a produção de narrativas videobiográficas, roteirizadas pelas crianças e adolescentes, como autores, em torno das experiências de vida, antes e durante o acolhimento institucional. Destacam-se aqui, para análise, as narrativas audiovisuais que tomaram a ambiência escolar como contexto para as grafias de si. Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade, na escola, de uma escuta que atente para a riqueza humana e temporal dos trajetos desses meninos e meninas, com sensibilidade às táticas, resistências e valores por eles convocados na arte de viver a singularidade de suas exclusões, marcadas socialmente pela vulnerabilidade e o risco.
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN GENDER (Studi terhadap Metodologi Pemikiran Amina Wadud dalam Inside the Gender Jihad)
Authors: Harahap Arfiansyah
Published: August 2018

Islam adalah agama yang sangat menjunjung tinggi harkat dan martabat setiap orang tanpa membedakan jender, baik pria maupun wanita. Akan tetapi sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman, scrupture agama menjadi multitafsir yang mengagungkan jender tertentu dan merendahkan lainnya. Ketimpangan peran sosial berdasarkan jender (gender inequality) dianggap sebagai divine creation, segalanya bersumber dari Tuhan. Berbeda dengan persepsi para feminis yang menganggap ketimpangan itu semata-mata sebagai konstruksi masyarakat (social construction).Ketimpangan peran sosial berdasarkan jender masih tetap dipertahankan dengan dalih doktrin agama. Agama dilibatkan untuk melestarikan kondisi di mana kaum perempuan tidak menganggap dirinya sejajar dengan laki-laki. Tidak mustahil di balik "kesadaran" teologis ini terjadi manipulasi antropologis bertujuan untuk memapankan struktur patriarki, yang secara umum merugikan kaum perempuan dan hanya menguntungkan kelas-kelas tertentu dalam masyarakat.Melihat pergeseran paradigma ini, Amina Wadud berusaha untuk mendongkrak pemahaman yang telah menyimpang jauh dari penghargaan Al-Qur’an terhadap wanita. Kata kunci : Amina Wadud, Jender.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS V SDN BINTORO 4 DEMAK
Authors: Wijayanto Satrio Mustiko
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SDN Bintoro 4 Demak masih dibawah KKM, interaksi guru dengan siswa juga kurang maksimal, guru dominan menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga siswa kurang aktif dalam menyampaikan pendapatnya. Permasalahan yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah model pembelajaran discovery learning berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi struktur lapisan bumi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, adapun desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest control group design dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas V berjumlah 60 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, dengan menggunakan model discovery learning diperoleh nilai posttest pada kelas kontrol sebesar 94 dan pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 98. Selanjutnya analisis hipotesis diperoleh thitung = 3.65 dan ttabel 2.02 sehingga 3.65 > 2.02, maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hasil pre tes belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan, pada kelas kontrol nilai rata-ratanya 68,66 sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 69,84. Kemudian dilakukan pos tes dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata 78.83 pada kelas kontrol sedangkan nilai rata-rata pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 87,65. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil uji produk moment yaitu 0,16 > 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran discovery learning perpengaruh efektif terhadap hasil belajar siswa.Kata Kunci: Model Discovery Learning, Hasil Belajar IPA                                                                        Abstract IPA learning result of V grader SDN Bintoro 4 Demak still under KKM (Teaching Completeness Criteria), interaction between teacher and students also less. The teacher dominant using speech method and it cause students less active in deliver their idea. The problem that will be discussed in this study is ‘is learning method discovery learning influence to students learning result on material the structure of land layer. This study is quantitative research, the research design used are pretest-posttest control group design. The population is 60 students of V grader. Base on the analysis of research data, by using discovery learning model is obtained posttest score on control class is 94 and on experiment is 98. The analysis hypothesis is obtained thitung= 3,65 and ttabel 2,02 so 3,65 > 2,02, then H0 rejected and Ha accepted. The result of pretest is increase, on class control the average score is 69,66 and on experiment class is 69,84. And then after posttest conducted, the average score in class control is 78,83 and average score on experiment class is 87,65. It proved by the result of moment product test is 0,16 > 0,05 so can be concluded that learning model of discovery learning is effective method to the student learning result.Keywords: discovery learning model, IPA learning result
Relasi Agama, Magi Dan Sains Dalam Pentas Politik: Studi Kasus Bunda - Sang Penasehat Spiritual
Authors: Hadisaputra Hadisaputra -
Published: August 2018

AbstractModern political institutions that glorifies scientific approaches still open a space formetaphysical ones. In a political competition, science institutionalize itself through politicalsurvey and consultant, and metaphysical aspect ispersonified by spiritual counselors.Thisarticle focuses on the practices of a political spiritual councelor in South Sulawesi, namedBunda. Thesuccessful of Bunda in her practice as a spiritual counselor in the modern eracannot be separated from her ability to to integrate between religion, magi and science. Thisis performed by combining between the aspects of religion and magi, such as zikir ritual (zikirmappateppe’, zikir hajat, and zikir ‘sapu mata’), animal sacrificing, and employing MajelisZikir and orphasn for the zikir; and science aspect can be seen from the zikir package withmeasurable operational costs which can be varied depending on the social status of thecandidate and the number of votes needed.The costs of zikir package vary, and each has itsown consequencewhich is informed to candidate in advance.Key Words: spiritual councelor, candidate, zikir, magi, science, vote, religion.
Budaya Bertoilet: Duduk atau Jongkok?
Authors: Martosenjoyo Triyatni
Published: August 2018

AbstractPublic toilet is one of the important parts of the building that many aspects of design have to be  taken into account to build. Many public  toilets are built just by looking at the outer performance without considering whether or not the target user will fit with the design. This article deals with this. It examines how toilet is perceived by the users, what type of toilet is preferred and why, and how they utilize public toilet. The interaction between western and eastern culture in the toiletdesign has resulted in cultural shock and stuttering technology among the toilet users in regard to the use of toilet because the influx of western culture is not balance with the introduction of the new culture. Whether one chooses squatting or sitting toilet, it is not only related to universal issues about modernity, luxury, cleanliness, and health. Toilet is not solely function as a disposal waste container, but it is also a place for one to seclude him/herself from others, to relax and to create new ideas. Toilet is a symbol to show ones’ identity. But how one use the toilet is closely associated with one’s perception about toilet, gender, health, cleanliness, Islamic ethics, and body proportion. Key words: toilet, sitting toilet, squatting toilet, modernity.
Menulis Kajian Literatur
Authors: Marzali Amri -
Published: August 2018

This article is part of lecture notes presented in the course of Qualitative Research Method, at The Graduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, 2016-2017 academic year. It is  written for students who precariously need a guidance to write a literature review for his or her scientific works (skripsi, tesis, and disertasi). Most parts of the paper comes from translation,  editing, and digesting of three resource books. This article will be divided into the following sections: What literature review is, aims of literature review, functions of literature review, ways of  using literature review, types of literature review, resources for writing literature review, procedures of writing of literature review, literature mapping for the research framework, writing an abstract, and writing a summary.
‘Balia – Perayu Amuk Dewata’: Pengobatan Tradisional di Antara Modernitas dan Agama di Masyarakat Kaili
Authors: Safrillah Safrillah -
Published: August 2018

Balia is a traditional ritual which is potentially disappeared due to the development of modern health care and the influence of Islam. In fact, balia still exists in this ever changing world. Balia even attracts public attention when it was performed in the main stage of Festival Nomoni in 2016. Balia has become ‘the bridge’ between the history of Kaili and Bugis through Sawerigading. Balia is a symbolic expression of the relationship between human beings and their spiritual nature that was originated from belief system towards god (dewa) and spirit (roh) which control the object of nature. Balia can survive because of its efficacy to cure diseases even though it is economically quite expensive. The efficacy of balia seems to confirm the view that disease is a 'spiritual game', which is identified with idolatry (kemusyrikan). In the face of conflict with the teachings of Islam, Kaili residents use the strategy of 'cultural dialogue' by integrating elements and symbols of Islam in the implementation of the tradition of balia.
Selebgram: Meraih Popularitas melalui Cyberspace
Authors: Sakinah Sakinah -
Published: August 2018

Media communication began to shift toward cyber media with the presence of various kinds of social media as a form of modern communication which not only can share audio information, but also images and video, including Instagram. Uploaded content can be appreciated by netizens who then create public figures in social media instagram, called Selebgram. This article is focused on how netizens categorize selebgram and what selebgrams’ strategies to become popular and how they maintain their popularity. The study shows that netizens categorize a person as a selebgram not only based on the number of followers, the number of likers and comments on the uploaded content, taking endorsement, but also appear in the search field. Some selebgram use fake account provider to get more followers instantly, others beautifying the uploaded content, channelling hobbies, and into coincidental programming. To maintain their followers, a selebgram uploads content by following and creating trends, uploading periodically to update the content of their timeline and utilizing the offered endorsement. It is also found that interaction between selebgram and their followers is more active in Instagram (i.e. comment and direct message) than face to face interaction. Followers even tend to feel reluctant to directly greet, take picture or ask for signature of the selebgram in the view of the fact that selebgram is a celebrity of Instagram, not celebrity in the real world.
Metformin Use Associated with Reduced Risk of Dementia in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Stephenson Matthew D. , de Courten Barbora , Chapman Ian , Bellman Susan M. , Aromataris Edoardo
Published: August 2018

Background:

Metformin, a first line antihyperglycemic medication, is an AMPK activator and has been hypothesized to act as a geroprotective agent. Studies on its association with various classifications of age-related cognitive decline have shown mixed results with positive and negative findings.

Objective:

To synthesize the best available evidence on the association of metformin-use with risk, progression, and severity of dementia.

Method:

Eligible research investigated the effect of metformin on dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, or any measure of cognitive impairment compared to any control group who were not receiving metformin. The initial search resulted in 862 citations from which 14 studies (seven cohort, four cross-sectional, two RCTs, and one case control) were included.

Results:

Meta-analysis of three studies showed that cognitive impairment was significantly less prevalent in diabetic metformin (Odds ratio = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78), while six studies showed that dementia incidence was also significantly reduced (Hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.88). Mini-Mental State Examination scores were not significantly affected by metformin-use, although both RCTs showed that metformin had a neuroprotective effect compared to placebo. Some studies found negative or neutral effects for metformin use by people with diabetes; the potential mechanism of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency is discussed.

Conclusions:

Metformin should continue to be used as a first line therapy for diabetes in patients at risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. The use of metformin by individuals without diabetes for the prevention of dementia is not supported by the available evidence.
Role of VEGF in the differential growth between the fetal and placental ends of the umbilical cord
Authors: Olaya-C M. , Michael F. , Fabian G. , Silva J. Luis , Bernal J.E. ,   Research Seedbed in Perinatal Medicine PUJ, Garzon A.L.
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION:

The umbilical cord (UC) is a vital structure; its alterations affect the newborn and neurological impact can be permanent. Paradoxically, factors that determine it remain unknown. We explore the differential VEGF protein expression in the UC's proximal and distal portions in relation to the hypothesis that the UC has differential growth and that VEGF plays a role in it.

METHODS:

An observational analytical study was performed. One UC segment was taken proximal to fetus and another distal; both were randomly processed; VEGF immunohistochemical analysis was performed; two blinded pathologists read results.

RESULTS:

Forty-eight newborns were included. Protein expression between the two edges of the umbilical cord, in any kind of cells, was interpreted. Endothelium, amnion, and stromal cells expressed VEGF; the first two were not different between opposite ends. Stromal cells had differential expression: higher in the proximal to the fetus portion.

CONCLUSION:

Knowledge of molecular factors is necessary. UC cells widely expressed VEGF, possibly contributing to UC growth. Even though stromal cell expression was different, the interaction with activity close to the fetus must be explored.
Outcomes of upper extremity versus lower extremity placed peripherally inserted central catheters in a medical-surgical neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Elmekkawi A. , Maulidi H. , Mak W. , Aziz A. , Lee K.-S.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To compare outcomes of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) placed in the upper extremity (UE) versus the lower extremity (LE) in a quaternary medical-surgical neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

RESULTS:

We analyzed a total of 365 PICCs of which 250 (68%) were removed for end of therapy and 115 (32%) were removed due to complications. Patients who had UE insertions compared to LE insertions were of lower gestational age (median (IQR)), 30 (26, 35) vs. 32 (27, 37) weeks respectively ( p = 0.014). UE PICCs were more likely to be removed due to complications compared to LE PICCs (39.9% vs. 26.4%, RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.12 –2.03, p = 0.007). UE PICCs were more likely than LE PICCs to be removed for the complications of malposition, dislodgement, and pleural or pericardial effusions; while LE PICCs were more likely to be removed for phlebitis. There were no differences in the rates of sepsis at 13.0% vs. 12.8% for UE vs. LE respectively, or causal organisms for sepsis. Survival analysis demonstrated that LE PICCs had a longer time to removal for a complication ( p = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS:

LE compared with UE PICCs were not associated with worse outcomes in a medical-surgical neonatal population that included a significant proportion of full-term neonates, and provide a valuable alternate site for central venous access. Increased awareness of the types of complications for UE compared with LE PICCs may help focus preventive and surveillance efforts based on PICC location, to improve safety and minimize the complications of NICU PICCs.
Exportorientiertes Wachstum in China, Deutschland und Japan – Herausforderung oder Bestandteil der US Hegemonie?
Authors: Schmidt Ingo
Published: August 2018

The article compares export-led growth and world market integration in present-day China with the respective processes in Germany and Japan during the post-war boom. It is argued that the growth successes of these three countries represented or represent a challenge to US hegemony. From the 1990s until the current crisis, Germany and Japan were actually falling behind the US in terms of economic growth. China’s extremely high dependence on exports and investments makes it equally prone to sluggish world market growth that is still largely dependent on the US. If there is a challenge to US hegemony it comes from capitalism’s tendency towards stagnation that is leading to recurrent outbreaks of crisis. The overcoming of crises and US hegemony depends on political action by subordinated classes; it can’t be expected from the rise of new hegemonic powers.
Streikwelle in China
Authors: Butollo Florian
Published: August 2018

Referring to the main theoretical approaches to the Chinese labour movement, it is argued that the recent strike wave has been exceptional due to the predominance of offensive demands, its degree of diffusion across a considerable number of factories, and the high degree of sustained worker’s activity which also translated into demands for democratic representation in some cases. Accordingly, the strike wave is interpreted as a progress towards unified class action although many obstacles and divisions remain to be overcome. The current debate about a law on collective bargaining is discussed as an important criteria in this respect because its outcome determines the state’s ability to institutionalize class conflict to a great extent.
Gesellschaftliche Militarisierung
Authors: Euskirchen Markus , Singe Martin
Published: August 2018

The article sketches an extended concept of militarization, which enables us to group together different activities of the German army (Bundeswehr) in the interior: Propaganda in public schools, image campaigns in conventional and internet media for kids, recruitment events in public employment offices and shows at job fairs, public military rituals, exercises for state of emergency and disaster operations, and the setup of institutional structures of so called civil-military co-operation. A short overview of military opposing organizations and their different practical experiences mirrors the range of the Bundeswehr's activities.
Die militärpolitische Emanzipation Deutschlands – Afrika als Exerzierplatz?
Authors: Ruf Werner
Published: August 2018

After World War II (West-)Germany was supposed to never again become a military Power. When it joined NATO all its troops had to be under the command of the alliance – but its contributions to NATO grew steadily. In the 2 + 4 treaty the united Germany pledged to never undertake any military aggression. With the Treaty of Masstricht the EU started to establish its own security policy. Germany’s active engagement in both alliances became its instrument for military emancipation. With growing military engagement of the EU (and Germany) -- especially in Africa -- as well as the predominant role of Germany in the EU and its engagement in the UN and NATO, the country is back on its way to becoming one of the big powers.
Zum Frieden verdammt – Bundeswehr 2011
Authors: Lauermann Manfred
Published: August 2018

The German Bundeswehr from 1956 onwards evolved into an institution where combat and military actions were confined solely to a rhetorical level. In its actual functions, the Bundeswehr resembled a routine operation, offering its personnel attractive vocational opportunities. The development since the 1990s and the deployment of troops in international crises are to be interpreted as clear departures from this institutionalised tradition. The reform to be introduced in 2011 is expected to initiate a return to its former orientation.
Die Bundeswehr als „modernes“ Wirtschaftsunternehmen
Authors: Flörsheimer Florian
Published: August 2018

The German Army is in a process of transformation for about two decades now, these concerning mainly two processes: first, the transformation from a Cold War land-defence army to an intervention army deployed worldwide; second, the outsourcing of many formerly state-army-owned services to the private sector via different forms of cooperation. The article argues that the latest ongoing “structural reform” of the German Army enforced by the conservative-liberal government has pushed the door open for the army to become a private corporation by itself.
Kritische Staatstheorie in emanzipatorischer Absicht
Authors: Demirović Alex
Published: August 2018

The historical context of discussions about materialist state theory in (West)Germany since the 1970ies is considered, the main lines of this discussion are reconstructed. With this background shortcomings in the analytical approach of Agnoli and Jan Schlemermeyer’s attempt to refresh this background are discussed.
Atalanta: Militär gegen Piraterie
Authors: Gerstenberger Heide
Published: August 2018

The author discusses the causes, the special forms and the consequences of piracy in the coastal waters of Somalia. She debates the reasons for the decision of the European Union to launch a military operation against piracy. In spite of the fact that the German constitution prohibits the use of armed forces for the prevention of criminal acts German naval forces are taking part in the European military operation „Atalanta“.
Universität und Polizei
Authors: Loick Daniel
Published: August 2018

Tests and exams are more or less unquestioned parts of academic life. In his book on the „ignorant schoolmaster“, the French educator Joseph Jacotot, Jacques Rancière argues for a radical critique of the disciplinary effects of these instruments of state education and thereby also rejects on anarchist grounds all progressive attempts of educational reform. In this early text, he already fully formulates the principle of „axiomatic equality“, which will play a fundamental role in his later writings. My paper reconstructs Rancière’s position, partly by tracing it back to its Foucauldian roots, and argues that although it is too spontaneist and thus voluntarist, Rancière’s intervention poses an important challenge for every reflection on critical educational practice today.
Neoliberal-Islamische Synthese in der Türkei
Authors: Steckner Anne
Published: August 2018

After several landslide victories in the elections since 2002, Islamic Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been forming an unchallenged single party government in Turkey. There is a broad and controversial debate on the success and prospects of its societal project. Along with the rise of the ‘Arab Spring’ AKP is even being discussed as a role model party for a moderate Islam in a ‘Muslim democracy’. Far from agreeing with such assessments and based on a Gramscian theoretical approach, this article critically sheds light on the current political and social developments in Turkey on four exemplary fields: democratization process, economic adjustments, faith-based charity and education. As distinct from most Turkey-related research in Germany, which often sees AKP’s power politics as the outcome of a cultural clash of antagonistic elites, this article examines the intertwined dynamics of gaining consent and exercising coercion in the process of capitalist domination. It stresses the contradictory nature of AKP’s cross-culture- and crossclass- coalition, in order to provide a more complex understanding of how AKP’s rule is still met with (comparatively broad) approval of different dominated groups and classes – despite the enormous repression of critical voices.
Den Stier das Tanzen lehren?
Authors: Fisahn Andreas
Published: August 2018

The crisis of the European Union cannot be solved by austerity programs. Therefore a closer look at the reasons of the crisis seems to be reasonable, which includes a description of the development of the EU from 1951 to present times. The Union started as a tariff union and evolved through different steps to an order of competitive states. The main fields of competition between the states are taxes and social costs, which leads to tax dumping and a race to the bottom in social benefits. Starting in 1990 the EU achieved the status of an open financial market, with the duty of deregulation of capital movements being stipulated in Treaties. In the end the problem is not a debt crisis but a crisis of the structure of the European Union. The solution – which especially the German government prefers – may be the first step on the way to an authoritarian state.
Die Herausbildung einer neuen Economic Governance als Strategie zur autoritären Krisenbearbeitung in Europa – gesellschaftliche Akteure und ihre Strategien
Authors: Konecny Martin
Published: August 2018

In the context of the economic crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis in particular the dominant social forces and state apparatuses are pushing for a long term solution. Here I argue that relevant European class forces as well as national class factions established the so called Six Pack as a political strategy that aims to radicalize neoliberal policies via European regulations. While in the member states democratic structures are being minimized, more decisions are made on the European level, through which the executive apparatus, especially the European Commission, gains more influence. I analyze the way in which the dominant social forces shaped the Six Pack and examine similarities but also differences to the European Fiscal Compact. Finally I look at the meaning of these current reforms for a left strategy of rupture in Europe.
Warum so staatstragend?
Authors: Huke Nikolai , Schlemermeyer Jan
Published: August 2018

In the Euro crisis, there is a significant shift in state-society relations and representative democracy: The European ensemble of state apparatuses ‘hardens’ due to authoritarian austerity measures and becomes less responsive to interests and conflicts within society. At the same time, social conflicts intensify especially in the European periphery as the precariousness of everyday life increases (e.g. evictions, unemployment, and poverty). The article argues that critical European integration research has been unable to develop strategic responses to this situation, because it neglects resistance as well as strategic and structural selectivities of state apparatuses. It in consequence develops a conservative stance: to defend ‘really existing’ democracy. Taking the Spanish protests against austerity and everyday crises (e.g. 15-M) as a case study the article shows that a more progressive answer to the current crisis is possible and necessary: a radical reformism that aims beyond state, capitalism and representative democracy.
Selbstentzauberung einer Avantgarde
Authors: Wendl Michael
Published: August 2018

Among German economist a heavy struggle about economic policy and the role of the ECB is going on. In this quarrel some more traditional Marxists come rather close to neoliberal positions which shows a certain theoretical lack of traditional Marxism in the field of value and money theory.
Das Verhältnis von Industrie und Finanzsektor unter der Finanzialisierung1
Authors: Müller Julian
Published: August 2018

How does financialisation affect the relationship between non-financial industrial capital and finance? This article argues that their relationship must not be conceived of as an external one, i.e. as the more or less close connection between institutionally separate economic sectors. Financial dominance should be seen instead as something that is internal to industrial capital. The theory and practice of shareholder value are the most prominent expression of this. Marx’ analysis of the different circuits of industrial capital (in Vol. II of Capital) helps to understand the historically variable modes of articulation between non-financial industry and finance. Furthermore it provides conceptual tools to grasp the current financial dominance within industrial capital and can thus help to understand how it differs from the finance capital described by Hilferding.
Weltpolizist Obama
Authors: Heitmann Horst
Published: August 2018

When Barack Obama first came to power he was widely regarded as the perfect “anti-Bush”. However, in the field of US foreign policy, Obama has essentially continued to pursue Bush’s agenda, especially as regards the so-called “war on terror”. Although Obama’s government has abandoned this concept from the public discourse, it has conducted an aggressive policy: Obama escalated the war in Afghanistan and unleashed an unprecedented drone war which takes place under a veil of official secrecy. On Iran, Obama was not serious in his first term about starting a dialogue with Teheran and there is a great danger of war over Iran’s alleged nuclear ambitions. Obama’s policy in the Middle East has not deviated from the position of previous US governments. While his foreign policy within a multilateral context seems to signal a departure from Bush’s unilateralism, Obama has successfully avoided from being portrayed as weak on national security matters by the Republicans.
Der neoliberale Leviathan
Authors: Wacquant Loïc , Kadritzke Ulf
Published: August 2018

The anthropology of neoliberalism has become polarised between a hegemonic economic model anchored by variants of market rule and an insurgent approach fuelled by derivations of the Foucaultian notion of governmentality. Both conceptions obscure what is ‘neo’ about neoliberalism: the reengineering and redeployment of the state as the core agency that sets the rules and fabricates the subjectivities, social relations and collective representations suited to realising markets. I propose a via media between these two approaches that construes neoliberalism as an articulation of state, market and citizenship that harnesses the first to impose the stamp of the second onto the third.
Mit Rap zur Revolte
Authors: Prause Louisa
Published: August 2018

This study examines the successful mobilization of the movement Y’en a marre (We’re fed up) in Senegal in the run-up to the presidential elections in February and March 2012. The article traces this success back to the framing strategies applied by Y’en a marre and its creative use of resources. It is argued that an essential factor in the mobilization was the linkage established by the group between its protests against the third term bid of President Abdoulaye Wade and the precarious living conditions of Senegalese youth. Furthermore, Y’en a marre succeeded in presenting its protests as peaceful and constructive and thereby refuted common negative stereotypes of the youth and the Hip-Hop movement. By using the Hip-Hop movement and rap as resources to spread its message and mobilize new followers, Y’en a marre was able to compensate for its scarce financial resources.
Was ist mit dem versprochenen Land passiert?
Authors: Gibson Nigel C.
Published: August 2018

This paper reviews post-apartheid South Africa through Fanon’s critical analysis of decolonization. Since, for Fanon, apartheid represented the purest form of the Manichean politics of space that characterizes colonialism, a Fanonian perspective on South Africa asks to what extent has the geographical layout of apartheid been remapped? Addressing this question necessitates shifting the “geography of reason” from technical discourses of policy-makers to the lived reality of the “damned of the earth”. From this perspective, Fanon’s critique becomes relevant in two ways, first as a prism to understand the rise of xenophobic violence as a symptom of the degeneration of the idea of South Africa’s “promised land” and second as a way to listen to a new grassroots shack dweller movement, Abahlali baseMjondolo, that is challenging both neoliberal and progressive assumptions by advocating a quite different geographic layout for a “truly democratic” society.
Zur Aktualität der Organisationstheorie von Luxemburg und Gramsci
Authors: Krug Anne-Kathrin , Graf Jakob
Published: August 2018

Big parts of the left refer to Rosa Luxemburg and Antonio Gramsci as two main theorists of organization theory. In this article, we present their thinking towards problems of class consciousness, the activity of the masses, bureaucracy, political parties, parliament and hegemony. We argue that in main regards they complement each other. Finally we figure out how one can use this theoretical approach under today’s different conditions and which problems might appear if we don’t bear in mind such differences.
Offene Grenzen?
Authors: Scherr Albert
Published: August 2018

Nation-state based migration regimes have often fatal consequences. Their justification presupposes the superiority of nationally designed interests in relation to the needs and the human rights of migrants. As a result the legitimization of migration regimes is called into question, and open borders are reclaimed. In this paper positions are discussed which nevertheless try to justify the necessity of nation states and their migration regimes. Against this background it is argued that it is required to develop a critical perspective which avoids the apparent alternative, open borders or justification of existing migration regimes.
Aufstieg und Niedergang einer wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Wahrheit
Authors: Pahl Hanno
Published: August 2018

This article received soon after publishing in 2010 the status of an economic truth, which was used to justify austerity measures. In early 2013 it was revealed thatthe paper had an erroneous data base. Here it is discussed by which mechanisms an „economic truth“ is produced and circulated and what is needed to question and destroy such a truth.
Regimedominierte Zahlenakkumulation
Authors: Panzer Herbert
Published: August 2018

Anlass für diese Replik war der Beschluss des Arbeitskreises „Theorie“ des Nürnberger Sozialforums im Juni 2012, sich Hintergründe der aktuellen Krise in Europa zu erarbeiten. Anstatt aber nur Beiträge aus z.B. dem Attac-Rundbrief „Sand im Getriebe“ heranzuziehen, wählte man vom Anspruchvollsten aus, was der wissenschaftliche Diskurs hierzulande zu bieten hat: den Artikel „Finanzdominierte Akkumulation und die Krise in Europa“ (Demirovi?/Sablowski 2012), der zeitlich gerade passend in der PROKLA erschienen war. Wir waren uns mit den Autoren einig, dass die gegenwärtige Krisen-Konstellation nur ausgehend von dem Verständnis der strukturellen polit-ökonomischen Zusammenhänge zu begreifen ist. Es ging also zunächst darum – hierin ganz den Autoren folgend – das „finanzdominierte Akkumulationsregime“ (ebd.: 78) zu verstehen. Und auf diesen – allerdings titelgebenden – Punkt soll auch die folgende Replik beschränkt sein.
Familienduell
Authors: Hajek Katharin
Published: August 2018

Taking the thorough changes in the political regulation of family in Germany as a starting point, this article considers these developments as (discursive) struggles between different social actors over the meaning, the form and the social tasks of family. Family therefore is not considered as a ‘pre-societal’ given but rather a socio-political and power-laden construct, which takes a central role in governing privatized social reproduction and reproductive work. To capture these aspects four critical debates on family are discussed: First, feminist approaches which focus on the separation of the private and the public, second, queer-theoretical approaches which discuss family as a heteronormative concept; third, Foucault’s writings which enables to capture family as an aspect of biopolitics; fourth, Gramscian theory of hegemony which allows analyzing family as a contested notion and a field of struggle.
Familienpolitik und die „demografische Chance“
Authors: Schultz Susanne
Published: August 2018

Since the reunification, and continuously established since 2002, we can observe a revival of demographic rationalities within German policies – after decades of abstinence from explicit population programs (at least within the Federal Republic), as reaction to cruel Nazi population policy. Demographic projections of the “aging” and “declining” of German population are since then the reference for selective pro-natalist programs. These family policy programs aim to increase the birth rate within academic and middle class sectors while excluding unemployed people from certain welfare services and reducing assistance for poor parents. At the same time, - and this is their public image – they are integrated within policies which tend to increase employment of women and which have accomplished a slight change towards a more liberal paradigm of the family and the role of women. The author analyses the current changes within demographic government programs considering a transition from a “catastrophic “to a “post-catastrophic” discourse. It does so, on the basis of an intersectional theory of the bio-political state – embedding the analysis of family policy within broader utilitarian strategies of administering national populations, also for example within migration policies. The article concludes with an appeal for a fundamental leftist, feminist and antiracist critique of demographic rationalities as part of a common critique of the nation state and continuous trends of economization of the political.
„Wandel, Persistenz, Paradoxie“
Authors: Woltersdorff Volker
Published: August 2018

This essay discusses current analyses that observe a paradoxical simultaneity of both the flexibilisation and the persistence of traditional forms of gender and family, focussing on the work of Andrea Maihofer, who amply investigated in this field. The author argues that, although heteronormative forms of gender, kinship and labour are increasingly becoming precarious, they haven’t lost their normative power as a “regulatory ideal” (Butler), thus producing a dialectics of diversification and co-opted normalisation, which includes the state-aided reproduction of class and race privilege. The paradoxical coexistence of the fracturing and the intensification of patriarchal power is therefore best understood as a regime that promotes the neoliberal privatisation and subjectivation of a nowadays pluralized institution of marriage and family.
Der Juni-Aufstand in der Türkei
Authors: Babacan Errol
Published: August 2018

The article discusses the June Uprising in Turkey in the specific context of neoliberal authoritarianism and Islamic conservatism. It is argued that the occupation of the Gezi-Park and the spontaneous formation of the “Gezi Commune” revealed a communitarian and libertarian political practice in resistance to the accelerated accumulation by dispossession and in opposition to the Kulturkampf tradition fostered by the ruling party.
Klasse und Klassismus. Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Baron Christian
Published: August 2018

So far, the concept of classism has not found much resonance in the German Scientific Community. Nevertheless, its relevance rises. The article explains and criticizes the previous conceptions of classism and tries to give some theoretical impulse for a new concept of classism which could reveal how capitalist structures produce class discrimination within the working class.
Editorial: Politische Ökonomie des Mülls
Authors: Redaktion Prokla
Published: August 2018

Der weltweit immer weiter wachsende Müll gilt als eine der großen sozialen und ökologischen Herausforderungen der nächsten Jahrzehnte. In den Ozeanen treiben 100 Millionen Tonnen Plastikmüll herum, und lange Zeit waren die Weltmeere auch beliebte Lagerungsorte für Munitionsabfälle. In Großstädten wie Berlin gibt es täglich 3.800 Tonnen Abfall, und in Megacities des Südens wie etwa Shanghai, Rio de Janeiro oder Mexico City werden solche Zahlen noch weit übertroffen. Für große Mengen von Haushalts- wie von Gewerbeabfällen findet sich allerdings kein Platz in den Ländern, in denen sie entstanden sind, ebensowenig wie es bislang für Müll aus Atomkraftwerken zuverlässige Lösungen zum Endverbleib gibt. Aber auch die politische Ökonomie hat noch keinen rechten Platz für den Müll gefunden. Ihre Themen kreisen um Produktionskräfte und Produktionsverhältnisse, um Verteilung und Reproduktion, um Kreisläufe und Krisen sowie um die Dynamik der kapitalistischen Produktionsweise. Marx erwähnte die „Exkremente der Produktion“ im dritten Band des Kapitals gleichfalls eher beiläufig, indem er sie – der industriellen Praxis seiner Zeit entsprechend – als Rohstoffe für andere Zweige anführte (etwa Eisenspäne, die bei der Maschinenproduktion anfallen und wieder in die Eisenproduktion eingehen), während er die „Exkremente der Konsumtion“ als Dünger in der Landwirtschaft verwertet sah.
Gewerkschaftliche Erneuerung in der Eurokrise
Authors: Huke Nikolai , Tietje Olaf
Published: August 2018

The Eurozone crisis has deepened the structural and organisational weaknesses of the Spanish trade union movement. At the same time, unions were challenged by new social movements in a cycle of protests following the indignados of 15M. In consequence, a hesitant strategic reorientation and regeneration of the trade unions took place as they struggled to include social forms applied by the new movements such as grassroots democracy and civil disobedience into their strategic repertoire.
Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Globalen Linken
Authors: Wallerstein Immanuel
Published: August 2018

This essay discusses the historical development of working class and resistance movements within the modern world-system. Departing from the French Revolution and the three modern ideologies – conservatism, liberalism, and radicalism – that emerged in its aftermath, the essay contextualizes social movements and political currents of the 19th and 20th century, and analyzes their relationships among each other, as well as their relationships to political power and to the state. Drawing from these lessons, the essay finally tackles the challenges that the divided Global Left is currently facing in its political struggle over a new, democratic, and egalitarian world-order.
Die Camera Obscura der Identität
Authors: Karakayalı Serhat
Published: August 2018

The article discusses the recent adoption of „Whiteness Studies" in the German context. Renamed as „Critical Whiteness", the concept has gained popularity particularly in the political field (and partly in academia), where it soon led to vibrant controversies. The paper takes these debates as a starting point to argue that the moralization of politics in relation to the use of this concept in the German context is partly a result of the concept itself, which is caught between a race relations approach and a constructivist one. This becomes particularly apparent when it tries to explain post-racism with arguments from symbolic interactionism. To frame racism in terms of „white supremacy“ is particularly problematic in a context, in which racism has since WW2 been articulated and organized around immigration, concerning people, who, with the current US terminology would be labelled as „white“. Furthermore, the paper engages critically with different elements and concepts employed by the approach, such as „awareness“, „privileges“and „standpoint theory“. It concludes with a discussion of the political subjectivation inherent in the concept in terms of the affective relations it seems to presuppose.