bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ámbitos de gobernanza en las políticas alimentarias urbanas: una mirada operativa
Authors: López-García Daniel , Alonso-Leal Nuria , García-García Verónica , Molero-Cortés Jorge , García-Fernández Javier , Arroyo-Escudero Laura , Herrera-Calvo Pedro M.
Published: February 2021

La presente investigación pretende identificar los ámbitos de gobernanza significativos en las políticas alimentarias urbanas, así como las deficiencias y potencialidades en su implementación. Para ello se analizan las acciones para mejorar la gobernanza alimentaria en 13 ciudades españolas, relacionadas todas ellas con la Red de Ciudades por la Agroecología. La información obtenida mediante un cuestionario ha sido complementada con entrevistas personales y análisis de documentación sobre acciones específicas. Además, se han analizado las Estrategias Alimentarias Urbanas de tres ciudades (Valladolid, Zaragoza y Segovia).
El estudio identifica 6 ámbitos de la gobernanza alimentaria (1-De base; 2-Multi-actor; 3-Intra-administración; 4-Multi-nivel; 5-Territorial; y 6-Gobernanza translocal). En torno a estos ámbitos se discuten conceptos como las nuevas institucionalidades multi-actor que se están generando en torno a las políticas alimentarias urbanas; la dialéctica entre administración, organizaciones sociales y sector agrario o la pertinencia de distintas miradas como los enfoques de Sistema Alimentario de Ciudad-Región. Las conclusiones sugieren profundizar en la articulación de los enfoques top-down y bottom-up de las políticas alimentarias, aportando centralidad al papel del sector agrario ecológico y a actores urbanos desfavorecidos, así como a la importancia de trascender la escala meramente local para poder desarrollar el potencial de sostenibilidad de las políticas alimentarias. De esta forma, la gobernanza de las políticas alimentarias urbanas va más allá de los territorios y paisajes urbanos, del mismo modo que las dinámicas generales urbanas generan importantes impactos sobre el conjunto del territorio.
FATC Domain Deletion Compromises ATM Protein Stability, Blocks Lymphocyte Development, and Promotes Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Milanovic Maja , Shao Zhengping , Estes Verna M. , Wang Xiaobin S. , Menolfi Demis , Lin Xiaohui , Lee Brian J. , Xu Jun , Cupo Olivia M. , Wang Dong , Zha Shan
Published: February 2021

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response, and loss of ATM leads to primary immunodeficiency and greatly increased risk for lymphoid malignancies. The FATC domain is conserved in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–related protein kinases (PIKKs). Truncation mutation in the FATC domain (R3047X) selectively compromised reactive oxygen species–induced ATM activation in cell-free assays. In this article, we show that in mouse models, knock-in ATM-R3057X mutation (Atm⁠RX⁠, corresponding to R3047X in human ATM) severely compromises ATM protein stability and causes T cell developmental defects, B cell Ig class-switch recombination defects, and infertility resembling ATM-null. The residual ATM-R3057X protein retains minimal yet functional measurable DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation and significantly delays lymphomagenesis in Atm⁠RX/RX⁠ mice compared with Atm⁠−/−⁠. Together, these results support a physiological role of the FATC domain in ATM protein stability and show that the presence of minimal residual ATM-R3057X protein can prevent growth retardation and delay tumorigenesis without restoring lymphocyte development and fertility.
Assessment of healthcare worker’s implementation of childhood routine immunization in primary healthcare centers in Edo State, Nigeria: A mixed method survey
Authors: Uwaibi Noel Ebehiremen , Erah Francis Osezua
Published: February 2021

The role of the health care personnel in the delivery of immunization services is very important in achieving the target of immunization coverage of 90% given by the world Health Organisation (WHO). The objective of the study was to determine the challenges affecting healthcare worker’s implementation of immunization services in Primary Healthcare Care (PHC) centres in Edo State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design, with a mixed method of data collection approach (incorporating quantitative and qualitative methods) using an interviewer administered questionnaire among 295 respondents (comprised of 270 health care providers, 7 key informants and 18 supervisors) of immunization activities in the various health care facilities for the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guide. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using the International Business Machine statistical package for Social Science (IBM) version 21.0 while themes occurring in the qualitative data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. Logistic regression was calculated to determine odds ratio and level of significance was set at <0.05. This study showed that good knowledge of immunization. age, training on the implementation of immunization, and designation affected their knowledge of immunization, and some of the challenges encountered were insufficient workers and transport for outreach activities, funding and impress, lack of motivation. Health worker’s knowledge of immunization was good, majority were trained on implementation on immunization services but there were still numerous challenges such as insufficient workers and transportation which must be addressed to strengthen and improve immunization service delivery.
Exertional dyspnea and hemoptysis in an adolescent: is it tuberculosis only?
Authors: Goel Nitin , Goyal Nitesh , Kumar Raj
Published: February 2021

Unilateral pulmonary artery atresia (UPAA), commonly detected in childhood, can occasionally present in adulthood with typical symptoms of recurrent pulmonary infections, dyspnoea on exertion and hemoptysis. An 18-year-old girl presented with complaints of cough, dyspnea on exertion and hemoptysis. Chest radiograph revealed dilated pulmonary trunk, signs of left sided volume loss and cavitating lesion in left lower zone. Pulmonary CT angiography found left pulmonary artery atresia. Endobronchial lung biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation. Diagnosis of left sided UPAA with pulmonary tuberculosis was established. She responded well to the anti-tubercular therapy. This case highlights the importance of awareness about UPAA as a possible differential for exertional dyspnea, recurrent chest infections, hemoptysis and pulmonary hypertension in adults.
An Interesting Case of Subacute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Gurugunti Aishhwarrya Umeshchandara , Ravi K.
Published: February 2021

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HSP) is the paradigm of lung response to inhaled organic and inorganic substances. It is a relatively rare disease, constituting 2% of cases of interstitial lung diseases. We describe a case of a 55-year-old female with a history of breathlessness, fever, and cough with expectoration for 1 month. She gave a history of similar such episodes on and off for the past 7 years. She was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis 6 years back and was treated, but her breathlessness continued to occur despite treatment. Further workup was suggestive of HSP. The later history of exposure to poultry dust was elicited. She was started on steroid pulse therapy along with maintenance dose, which resulted in symptomatic improvement. She underwent a bronchoscopy and the bronchoalveolar lavage, and a diagnosis of subacute HSP was made. HSP can be mistaken for pulmonary tuberculosis and wrongly treated with antitubercular therapy unless the patient is probed about exposure to various inciting antigens.
What's New in COVID-19?
Authors: Shareef Umar M. M. A. , Kumar Vinod , Kamath Vasantha
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 has affected over 57,410,025 people and killed more than 1,368,848 of those affected in 220 countries as on November 20, 2020. Community-acquired coronaviruses are ubiquitous with a male preponderance. Unlike Western nations, majority of the cases in India are in the age group of 31–50 years, and the mortality rate is around 1.46%. The possible modes of transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 include droplet, airborne, fomite, fecal-oral, bloodborne, mother-to-child, and animal-to-human transmission as per the World Health Organization. Apart from the known symptoms of influenza-like illness, COVID also presents with cutaneous, hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological manifestations. In the absence of dedicated cures, until there is a hope of appropriate and effective vaccine development, the novel coronavirus will be a challenge to the existence of humanity.
Advanced training in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgical procedures using Genelyn®-embalmed human cadavers
Authors: Rajasekhar S. S. S. N. , Kumar V. Dinesh , Raveendranath V. , Kalayarasan Raja , Gnanasekaran Senthil , Pottakkat Biju , Sivakumar M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Human cadaver is ideal for learning and acquiring new surgical skills. While cadavers preserved using Thiel’s embalming method are commonly used for training in laparoscopic surgery, it is a cumbersome technique. We report our experience of using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers for training in advanced laparoscopic gastrointestinal procedures.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional satisfaction survey corresponding to level 1 of the Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation was performed among 19 participants of advanced laparoscopy surgical skills training workshop, in December 2019, using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers. Visual, haptic and tactile characteristics of the organs and tissues were assessed along with overall satisfaction of the workshop using Likert scale.

Results:

Five Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were used for the workshop. All the 19 participants perceived that the cadavers were odourless and allowed adequate insufflation for laparoscopic procedures. Most of the participants(n=16, 84%) agreed that the appearance and tactile fidelity of the solid organs, luminal structures and tissues in Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were similar to that of a live patient. There was a strong agreement among participants that the workshop will help improve the laparoscopic skills(median Likert score–4).

Conclusion:

The participants of the surgical skill training workshop felt that the Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were ideal for use in practicing advanced laparoscopic procedures.
Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Quantitation of Twelve Phenolic Components in Different Parts of Sarcandra glabra
Authors: Lu Jing-Guang , Wang Cai-Yun , Chen Da-Xin , Wang Jing-Rong , Che Kai-Si , Zhong Ming , Zhang Wei , Jiang Zhi-Hong
Published: February 2021

Objective:

The study objective was to determine phenolic components for the quality control (QC) of cultivated Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Makino (S. glabra).

Materials and Methods:

A sensitive, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of 12 phenolic components has been developed. Six caffeoylquinic acids, two caffeoylshikimic acids, and four flavanonol glucosides were selected for the comprehensive analysis of distribution in different parts (root, stem, and leaf).

Results:

Twelve phenolic components were linear in the concentration range of 0.005–5.0 μg/mL (R
2 > 0.995). The relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day precision across three validation runs over the entire concentration range was <5%. The recovery determined was within 5% in terms of relative error. Our results showed that the 12 phenolic compounds were mainly distributed in leaves and stems far more than those in roots.

Conclusions:

This study provided an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer quantitative method of 12 phenolic components for the QC of cultivated S. glabra. It was found that the phenolic components were significantly accumulated in the aerial parts (stems and leaves) of cultivated S. glabra.
Probable Forecasting of Epidemic COVID-19 in Using COCUDE Model
Authors: Theerthagiri Prasannavenkatesan
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION: The world has been struck due to the dangerous human threat called Corona Virus Disease 2019. This research work proposes a methodology to encounter the future infection rate, curing rate, and decease rate.OBJECTIVES: This uses the artificial intelligence algorithm to design and develop the proposed confirmed, cured, deceased (COCUDE) model.METHODS: A nonlinear auto-regressive model has been developed with several iterations to design the proposed COCUDE model. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Correlated Akaike Information criterion (AICc) metrics are analyzed to check the stationary and quality for the proposed COCUDE model.RESULTS: The prediction results are evaluated by the performance error metrics such as mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE), in which the errors are lower for the proposed model. Thus, the prediction results indicate the proposed COCUDE model might accurately predict future COVID-19 infection rates with reduced errors.CONCLUSION: It might support the corresponding authorities to take precautious action on the required necessities for the medical and clinical infrastructures and equipment.
Evaluation of an Automatic Drain System of Stagnant Drinking Water: A Case Study of a Water Supply Pipe in Seoul
Authors: Oh Heekyong , Kim Wonsoo
Published: February 2021

This study provides a case study using an automatic draining solution within the drinking distribution system where it was difficult to maintain an acceptable level of retention time and water quality. Water quality behavior was simulated using EPANET 2.0 in a block system of the distribution network system linked with a given reservoir. The site surveys for the simulated stagnant areas were used for building the automatic drain system at the accessible site. Water quality online monitoring without drain showed that earlier occurrence event of residual chlorine below 0.1 mg/L with 45 days than that of turbidity above 0.5 NTU with 90 days was a critical factor to open and close the drain valve. The discharge volumes of the automatic drain system at the stagnant area were 10~100% of the flushing volume drained by the existing manual drain work. It was confirmed that the volume and cycle of drain could be flexibly changed over time and water temperature. The long term operation of the automatic drain system at the test bed showed that the annual flushing volume and working time could be reduced by 65% and 80%, respectively. The continuous operation of the automatic drain system showed that optimal flushing and online sensing compared to manual drainage could reduce maintenance costs and ensure stable water quality of stagnant drinking water. Although the scope and effect of this study are limited to a particular water pipe, the applicability of an automatic drain system can be evaluated by the approach of this study with optimized drain conditions.
Spotrebiteľská gramotnosť a falšovanie medu. Časť I.
Authors: Olsavsky Frantisek
Published: February 2021

In the process of shopping behavior, consumer decisions are inﬂuenced by a wide range of factors as well as the decisions of the consumer himself. In this article, attention is paid to consumer literacy. It interacts in the range of psychographic factors of motivation, perception, learning, belief and attitudes to the extent that the consumer makes a conscious decision about the preferences of the product, its quality or brand. Cultivating consumer literacy enables the consumer to make informed choices. There are not only benefts on the site of the consumer, but also on the site of the producer, or even the whole industry. The aim of the paper is to identify the importance of consumer literacy in the purchase of bee honey in the context of its fraud. The article identifes unfair practices of honey fraud and devaluing its nutritional value. These are currently a common practice, reﬂected in the reduced quality of honey offered on the Slovak and world markets. The paper is based on the fndings of a honey quality survey carried out by the Institute of Molecular Biology of the Slovak Academy of Science and the measures of the world organization of beekeeping associations Apimondia on honey fraud. Subsequently, measures are proposed to increase consumer literacy when buying bee honey.
Language Placement and Beyond: Guidelines for the Design and Implementation of a Computerized Spanish Heritage Language Exam
Authors: Beaudrie Sara , Ducar Cynthia
Published: February 2021

This paper outlines the design, implementation, and analysis of a computerized Spanish heritage language (SHL) placement exam. The exam created by the authors exemplifies how to design a simple yet effective placement exam with limited resources. It is suggested that an SHL placement exam should be developed in-house due not only to the diversity of student populations but also to the unique structure and content of distinct SHL programs. The paper contends that SHL placement should be a fluid process that allows for the input of students, instructors and administrators. The paper concludes by reminding readers that an essential component of the SHL placement examination process is a strong and well thought out recruitment and promotion program that needs to both precede and follow placement.
Hindi Heritage Language Learners’ Performance during OPIs: Characteristics and Pedagogical Implications
Authors: Ilieva Gabriela Nik.
Published: February 2021

The present paper examines the oral performance of Hindi language learners during practice Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPI) conducted during workshops hosted by New York University and sponsored by STARTALK. The most salient characteristics of the heritage language learners’ output are compared with the output of foreign language learners who are rated similarly at the Intermediate Mid or Intermediate High level on the ACTFL scale. The paper’s focus is on patterns of grammar and discourse strengths and deficiencies, as well as elaboration of topics and code-mixing in relation to students’ background. Pedagogical implications are discussed with reference to teaching strategies that address the differences in the language abilities of the heritage versus foreign language learners of Hindi.
Aspectual Knowledge of High Proficiency L2 and Heritage Speakers of Russian
Authors: Mikhaylova Anna
Published: February 2021

This study reports the results of an interpretation task that captures whether high proficiency heritage language (HL) learners of Russian converge with monolingual (L1) speakers or proficiency-matched foreign language (L2) learners in their interpretation of aspectual pairs and whether the absence of convergence arises in the lexical component of aspect (telicity) or in the grammatical component of aspect (boundedness). In Russian, both aspectual features are overtly marked on the verb, but by different morphemes: telicity is encoded in prefixes and boundedness in suffixes. The goal of the task is to test: 1) whether HL learners have an advantage over L2 learners on the same overall proficiency level when they interpret aspectual pairs, 2) which type of aspectual contrast poses greater difficulty, and 3) what role the morphological structure of predicates plays in incomplete acquirers’ interpretation of verbal aspect. The results reveal that, while the L2 group and the monolingual controls diverge significantly in most contrasts, the HL group converges with both L1 and L2 groups. For both test groups, telicity contrasts in activity/accomplishment verbs, which are expressed via prefixation, and boundedness contrasts in achievement verbs, which are expressed via suffixation, presented less difficulty than boundedness contrasts in accomplishment verbs, expressed via both prefixation and suffixation.
Misplaced Heritage Language Learners of Japanese in Secondary Schools
Authors: Oguro Susan , Moloney Robyn
Published: February 2021

While heritage language learners are becoming visible in the research literature as a distinct group of language learners with specific needs, existing curriculum structures in secondary schools often focus on programs either for foreign language learners or for first language learners. The study reported here examines the experiences of heritage learners of Japanese who have been inappropriately placed in courses designed for native speakers and as a result, in some cases, have withdrawn from taking any formal program of Japanese language study. Focusing on the situation of Australian senior secondary Japanese students, this article reports the findings of questionnaire and interview data, featuring the voices of both teachers and heritage learners of Japanese. The data identify the issues that delineate heritage language learners from native speakers and highlight, through the experiences of misplaced learners, the need for appropriate placement, pedagogy and curriculum
Creating an Online Assessment Test for Heritage Learners of Russian
Authors: Titus Julia
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the differences between second-language learners and heritage learners of Russian in terms of their linguistic performance, a finding supported by current research (Andrews, 2001; Kagan & Dillon, 2001/2003), examines the implications of these differences for the creation of testing tools, and offers a sample of a test designed for the author’s Russian for Heritage Learners course. Also discussed are the drawbacks of applying traditional grammar tests created for second-language classes to heritage-language-classroom settings and the inability of these types of tests to reflect the unique language strengths of heritage learners. The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language proficiency guidelines are suggested as a starting point in creating an assessment test for heritage learners.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF THE HEXANE EXTRACT FROM ACANTHOSPERMUM HISPIDUM (whole plant)
Authors: O. U Akoh, , O. M Mac-Kalunta , C. M Emewusim,
Published: February 2021

Although Acanthospermum hispidum has long been considered as a competitive invasive weed of agricultural plantations, it has recently become a sought after raw material to manufacture syrups in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis and fever. In the present study, the bioactive components of Acanthospermum hispidium entire plant have been accessed via GC-MS analysis. Six compounds from the hexane extract of the whole plant were identified. The most prevalent are glycerine (100.00%), 1-benzoypiperidine (40.26%) and erythritol (15.79%). Phytochemical screening investigation carried out using standard procedures showed the presence of Alkaloids, Steriods, Saponnins, Tannin, Flavonoids, Phenol, Terpenoids.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENCE OF SELECTED METALS IN THREE TYPES OF BOILED EGG ALBUMEN AND WINES.
Authors: Owoeye O.G.
Published: February 2021

Three species of egg from (poultry foul, native foul and guinea fowl) and wines (red and green). were assessed for the present of selected metal, (dietry essential elements). constituent with respect to there co-enzymes activities in relation to scavanging and chain radical properties, using standard methods. The results of the analysis shows, Fe: range between 1.039±0.01mg/l - 16.501±0.02mg/l, Cu: range between 0.019±0.01mg/l -- 0.116±0.01mg/l, Zn: range between 0.241±0.01mg/l --- 0.575±0.02mg/l and Se: were not detected, and the red wine has values; Cu: 0.01±0.01mg/l, Fe: 0.01±0.01mg/l and the green wine with all the selected metals were not detectable. The I R spectrum indicated five peaks for red wine and three peaks for green wine and both reveal, the present of 0 ----H, > C = 0 and N – H functional group and it indicate, the present of ester, phenols and alcohol with the resvertriol and selantonin characteristics, that are polyphenols and antioxidants. In conclusion, the present of these transition elements, polyphenols and serotinin indicate the antioxidant properties of these samples and therefore their, consumption should be encouraged, and that, the fowls feed should be supplemented with food containing Cu, Se, Zn and Fe, and the wines during production which, must be within the maximum allowable limit, because of there healthy functional important benefits in the area of healing,and resistance to diseases and cancer.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF COCONUT OIL ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: James F. A. , Boisa N. , Nwachoko N. , Bull O. S.
Published: February 2021

Coconut oil from coconut kernel is a source of natural cooking oil for most people in tropical countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of coconut oil on some biochemical, haematological and histological parameters in albino rats. Two phases of experiment with four groups of male albino rats each consisting of five rats weighing about 180 – 200 g were used for this study. Phase 1 of the experiment involves feeding of albino rats with commercial rodent chow mixed with coconut oil, coconut oil supplemented diet (COSD) while phase 2 experimental rats were treated with coconut oil orally. Group 1 served as the control for both phases of treatment, groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 3 ml/kg, 6 ml/kg and 12 ml/kg of COSD and coconut oil respectively for 4 weeks. Result of both phases of experiment showed significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum concentrations of AST, ALP and ALT levels. Also, the result showed that the levels of urea and creatinine decreased significantly when compared with the control group. Haematological results showed that levels of haemoglobin and PCV for both phases of treatment decreased significantly (p≤0.05) compared with the control group. Total protein for COSD treatment phase showed a significant increase while total protein for coconut oil (CO) oral administration treatment phase decreased significantly for only group 4 albino rats when compared with control. Histopathological results showed normal liver hepatocytes in the treated albino rats except for some albino rats with microvesicular steatosis. This study has also shown that coconut oil within the dosage administered cause mild inflammation of the liver in some of the albino rats.
Postoperative gastric Outlet Obstruction following hiatal hernia repair in an infant: A case report
Authors: Afzal Dr Muhammad Jawad , Ahmad Shabbir , Mehmood Satar Farrakh , Nayyer Sajid Iqbal , Mirza Muhammad Bilal , Talat Nabila
Published: February 2021

Background: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is an exceedingly rare cause of postoperative emesis in a case of hiatal hernia. Occasionally it may simulate other etiology of gastric outlet obstruction.
Case Presentation: A 32-day-old male baby presented with respiratory distress and vomiting since birth. Diagnosis of eventration of left hemi diaphragm was made on CT Chest. At surgery, hiatal hernia with an intrathoracic stomach was found, which was repaired. On 5th postoperative day, the baby developed vomiting after feeding which gradually turned to be projectile in nature over a week. Contrast meal performed showed malpositioned stomach with delayed emptying. At re-operation, a well-formed olive of pylorus was encountered; Ramstedt pyloromyotomy was done. Postoperative course remained uneventful.
Conclusion: IHPS is a rarely described association with hiatal hernia. Pyloric stenosis should be considered in differential diagnoses of postoperative emesis in infants with hiatal hernia.
The Asian Rice Sector at a Crossroads
Authors: Mohanty Samarendu
Published: February 2021

This paper examined the trend in Asian rice production, role of rice in human nutrition and documents structure of rice market in major Asian Countries, by analyzing supply demand and trade scenarios for the fast five decades. Country wise data from FAOSTAT and WTO were collected for the past five decades, to analyze key issues related to rice sector with special focus on rice markets in Asia. Rice Area and production has been increased significantly at higher rate than the population growth rate in Asia over the past fifty years. This resulted in increase of per capita availability of rice and contributed significantly to nutrition security. However, there are wide imbalances in supply-demand across Asian countries. Thus rice trade has become a major global economic activity in the recent past. The structural changes in global rice markets are discussed in detail in the paper.
Effect of Climate Variables on Yield of Major Crop in Samastipur District of Bihar: A time Series Analysis
Authors: Kumari Meera
Published: February 2021

Climate change influences crop yield vis-a-vis crop production to a greater extent in Bihar. Climate change and its impacts are well recognizing today and it will affect both physical and biological system. Therefore, this study has been planned to assess the effect of climate variables on yield of major crops, adaptation measures undertaken in Samastipur district of Bihar. Secondary data on yield of maize and wheat crops were collected for the period from 1999-2019 to describe the effects of climate variable namely rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature on yield of maize and wheat. Analysis of time series data on climate variables indicated that annual rainfall was positively related to yields while maximum and minimum temperature had a negative but significant impact on maize and wheat yields. It actually revealed that other factors, such as; type of soil, soil fertility and method of farming may also be responsible for crop yield. Trend in cost as well as income of farmers indicated that income and cost of cultivation has no significant relationship with climate variable. On the basis of above observation it may be concluded that level of income of farmers changed due to change in the other factors rather than change in climatic variable over the period under study as cost of cultivation increases with increased in the price of input over the period but not due to change in climatic variable.
Brainstem tumors in children: a review
Authors: Ballestero Matheus Fernando Manzolli , Furlanetti Luciano Lopes , De Oliveira Ricardo Santos
Published: February 2021

The brainstem is defined as the portion of the neural axis between the diencephalon and the cervical spinal cord. Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) can occur anywhere within this region and account for 10% to 15% of primary pediatric intracranial tumors. The development of neuroimaging allied to the refinement of surgical tools, such as improved magnification and visualization of the surgical field with more powerful surgical microscopes and sources of light, followed by the introduction of ultrasonic aspirator, anesthetic and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring provided the neurosurgeon with conditions for a much safer surgical management of these tumors. This article reviews the current state of knowledge with regard to tumors arising in the brain stem in children, the therapeutic options available and provides recommendations with regard to management.
Mengukur Minat Wakaf Uang Generasi Milenial dalam Mendukung Pendanaan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Sumatera Barat
Authors: Maivalinda Maivalinda , Srihasnita Rita , Firsta Firsta
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed at measuring the interest in cash waqf for the millennial generation and its relationship with their support for funding for sustainable development goals (SDG’s). The variables observed: Attitude, Religiosity, Environmental Concern. Objects are limited to the millennial generation in West Sumatra using the sampling technique from Hair (2011). By using survey data by distributing questionnaires, the data were analyzed using Smart PLS. The study’s results concluded that the factors of attitude and religiosity had a significant positive effect on the interest in donating money in supporting sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, environmental concerns do not affect the interest in donating money for the millennial generation in supporting sustainable development.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengukur minat berwakaf uang generasi milenial dan hubungannya dengan dukungan mereka terhadap pendanaan yang dilakukan untuk tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development Goals). Adapun variabel variabel yang dimaksud adalah: Sikap (Attitude), Religiusitas (Religiosity), Kepedulian lingkungan (Environmental Concerns) dan penggunaan internet dan sosial media (internet and social media use). Objek dibatasi pada generasi milenial di Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan Teknik menetapan sampel dari Hair (2011). Dengan memanfaatkan survei data dengan menyebarkan kuesioner tersebut data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Smart PLS. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor sikap (attitude), religiusitas (religiosity) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap minat berwakaf uang dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan. Sementara kepedulian terhadap lingkungan (environmental concerns)) tidak berpengaruhi terhadap minat berwakaf (cash waqf intention) uang generasi milenial dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan
Pengaruh Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) dan Kinerja UMKM dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Kerakyatan pada UMKM yang Bergerak di Bidang Usaha Kue Ladu (Arai Pinang) yang Ada di Pariaman
Authors: Syahril Syahril
Published: February 2021

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are very helpful for the community in overcoming unemployment. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon in the field about the number of underdeveloped MSMEs due to a lack of business capital and a shortage of skilled workers. The research was conducted using total sampling technique with a sample of 12 SMEs engaged in snacks Ladu (Kue Arai Pinang) available in Pariaman. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis. with the independent variable People's Business Credit (KUR) (X1) and the performance of MSMEs (X2). The dependent variable (Y) is an increase in the people's economy. The data analysis technique in this study used the t test partially and the F test simultaneously. The results of this research show that simultaneously the People's Business Credit (KUR) and the Performance of MSMEs have a significant effect on the Improvement of the People's Economy. While partially KUR has a significant effect on increasing the populist economy in Pariaman. Meanwhile, the performance of MSMEs does not have a significant effect on improving the people's economy in Pariaman.

ABSTRAK

Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah  sangat membantu masyarakat dalam penanggulang pengangguran. Penelitian ini ditujukan menganalisa fenomena dilapangan tentang banyaknya UMKM yang kurang berkembang akibat kekurangan modal usaha dan kekurangan tenaga terampil. Penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik total sampling dengan sampel 12 UMKM yang bergerak pada makanan ringan Ladu (Kue Arai Pinang) yang  ada di Pariaman. Teknik Analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. dengan variabel bebas Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) (X1)  dan  kinerja UMKM (X2). Variabel terikat (Y) adalah Peningkatan  ekonomi  kerakyatan.  Teknik analisa data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji t secara parsial dan uji F secara simultan. Uji t digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh KUR terhadap Peningkatan ekonomi rakyat secara parsial dan untuk melihat pengaruh kinerja UMKM terhadap peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan di UMKM ladu (kue aria pinang ) pada  UMKM  yang ada di  Pariaman. Begitu juga dengan uji f dimana Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) dan Kinerja UMKM berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Kerakyatan secara bersama-sama atau secara simultan. Sedangkan secara parsial KUR berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Peningkatan ekonomi Kerakyatan di Pariaman. Sedangkan Kinerja UMKM tidak berpengeruh signifikan terhadap Peningkatan ekonomi kerakyatan di Pariaman.
Analysis of Quarantine Service Quality on Ship Crew Satisfaction during the Covid-19 Pandemic at Belawan Sea Port
Authors: Mayridian Rizal , Amirah Asriwati , Moriza Tengku
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the quality of quarantine services on ship crew satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Belawan Sea port. This study is a quantitative study with a cross sectional method which aims to analyze the quality of quarantine services on satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Belawan Sea Port using the ServQual approach which consists of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The results of the study are expected to provide input regarding the quality of quarantine services provided by the Class I Medan KKP to ship crews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the ServQual analysis, the results show that the satisfaction of the crew of the quarantine service at Belawan Port is very satisfying with a suitability level of 107.56% (the average service / reality score is 4.00 and the expectation score is 3.72). It is suggested to improve coordination and more intensive advocacy with shipping agents as intermediaries between officers and skippers as crew so as to reduce the length of service waiting time, in order to increase the number of human resources carrying out document checks on board, involving female medical officers for health checks The crew who came from affected countries/ports to facilitate information retrieval, ordered the boarding officers to bring Personal Protective Equipment when interacting with the crew.
Types of main tillage and their influence on the yield of spring barley in the conditions of the Luhansk oblast
Authors: Masliiov Sergey , Korzhova Natalia , Yarchuk Igor , Duginov Maxim
Published: February 2021

Changes in the climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine, frequent placement of spring barley after the sunflower predecessor and many other reasons, cause the necessity to improve the system of basic tillage for spring barley in the direction of its minimization taking into account the technologies of growing crops. The issue of basic tillage for spring barley after sunflower, which is fairly common predecessor today, has not been studied yet. In this case, based on the complex experimental studies the effect of different types of basic tillage and their impact on the yield of spring barley in the Luhansk region has been studied. The aim of the research was to determine the best methods of basic tillage for spring barley with general background post-harvest residues of all field crops, application of mineral fertilizers and the influence of these factors on the yield of spring barley in Luhansk region. The following types of spring barley were sown during the experiment – Adapt, Stalker, Helios, Vakula. As a result of the conducted researches the best indicators were obtained at non-shelf tillage with the usage of modern aggregates and with joint application of Ammonium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate, at all biometric indicators of the studied culture. Since such tillage has not only loosened it well, but also ensured better accumulation and retention of moisture, which further affected the yield of spring barley plants in the area of insufficient moisture. Such strains as Stalker and Helios had the highest rates with the combined use of Ammonium Nitrate and Diammonium Phosphate in shelfless tillage at the level of 47,5 c/ha and 58,8 c/ha accordingly. Shelf tillage gave less results with such a fertilizer system. The lowest indicators were in the variant of disking in all studied samples
Structural features of the Orchidaceae populations
Authors: Pylypiv Yurii
Published: February 2021

Currently, there is an insufficient number of studies on the low-level taxonomic diversity of orchids. This situation leads to the threat of implementation of measures to protect various species at multiple levels and may lead to their extinction. This is exactly the reason for the relevance of the present study. The goal of the study is to reveal the structural features of three populations of the orchid family based on indicators of density, ecological allocation, vitality, seed productivity, and the like. The leading approach to the study was the examination and comparison of various parameters of samples. The subjects of the study were individuals of three isolated populations of the Cephalanthera damasonium species. The study revealed a high level of vitality of one of the populations, due to the largest number. In addition, it was found that the age structure of the population forms the dynamics of development, and the highest seed productivity depends on the number and density of individuals. A common feature for all three studied populations is growth on the cinereous podzolized soils. At the same time, the content of calcium and other trace elements, CaCO3 and organic matter in the upper soil layers is substantially different. The content of such metals as nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) in the soils of the three localities of the studied populations is approximately the same, and the content of magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) fluctuates
Influence of industry 4.0 on the investment activities of transnational corporations
Authors: Chernenko Natalya , Korohodova Olena , Moiseienko Tetiana , Hlushchenko Yaroslava
Published: February 2021

The study considers the issue of investment activity of transnational corporations – the largest representatives of world business, which acquire new features that are developed under the influence of the fourth industrial revolution. The study highlighted the increasing role of corporations in the international investment market. The authors mention the features of rhetoric that accompanies the penetration of TNCs into the economic systems of the world and reflects the impact on economic, political, and social components, highlighting the rules of foreign direct investment state regulation, founding the most liberal approaches to attracting FDI. Tracking the changes taking place under the influence of Industry 4.0 allowed to develop a list of features that are inherent in the investment activities of TNCs. Among the inherent features, the reshoring process, which has been used by United States corporations for a long time, is gaining popularity. The study reflects the course of export-import operations with foreign direct investment in the world, which is developed by analysing the data on the flow of FDI imports and exports. It is established that Industry 4.0 is described by such risks, which are developed due to the growth of instability and a high level of uncertainty of the result. Attempts to integrate achievements of the fourth industrial revolution into economic and business practices, which are rapidly taking place in the modern world, are directly related to Ukraine, which is in great need of international financial and technological aid. It is emphasised that TNCs can provide the country with the said resources as the leading investors for Ukraine, despite the fact that in Ukraine the amount of foreign investment from TNCs is currently insignificant and mainly aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market, own consumption and not in export-oriented industries. The study also analyses the factors of direct influence on the decision of corporate management to conduct business in Ukraine. Furthermore, the study emphasised the necessity of developing and implementing effective state regulatory mechanisms that can balance the interests of leading corporations and national enterprises
Study of therapeutic efficacy of “Moxistop” in nematodoses and cestodoses in animals
Authors: Sapko Svitlana
Published: February 2021

The present article describes studies on the use of veterinary anthelmintic drug “Moxistop” (drops) to prevent helminthiasis in dogs and cats of different ages. These studies are relevant because the market has a wide range of anthelmintic drugs; “Moxistop” with its constituent substances (moxidectin/praziquantel) provides effective prevention of a wide range of helminths. Prevention of helminthiasis is an important anti-epizootic measure, which carried out at least once a quarter. Infection of dogs and cats before and 14 days after treatment was determined by examining fecal samples by Fulleborn flotation. The effectiveness of the drug was established because of the number of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces before and after treatment. For the treatment of dogs was used “Moxistop for dogs” (LLC SPE “SUZIRYA” Kharkiv, Ukraine): the active substances – moxidectin (25 mg/ml) and praziquantel (40 mg/ml), and for the treatment of cats used “Moxistop for cats”: active substances – moxidectin (10 mg/ml) and praziquantel (40 mg/ml). The drug was applied to experimental animals in drops (“spot-on”) on dry intact skin (topical application). As a result of a single application of the drug “Moxistop” drops found that on (4-6) days after application of the drug to dogs and (4-5) days after administration of the drug to cats, diarrhea in all animals stopped, feces became decorated, homogeneous consistency, not had additional inclusions. The animals were not disturbed, did not lick the skin around the anus, no side effects from the skin (redness or irritation, hair loss), increased local temperature or any signs of poisoning. No cat was detected in coprology studies on 14 days after deworming of helminth eggs. In the first series of experiments (groups I and III) conducted on dogs and cats infected with both cestodes and nematodes, a 100% therapeutic effect was obtained in cestodes in dogs and cats. The extent of invasion in dogs with nematodes was 80.0%, and the decrease in the number of eggs after treatment was 97.5% (from 157 ± 13.4 to 4), in cats, these figures were 100%. The effectiveness of the drug “Moxistop” in dogs and cats (groups II and IV animals), which was 100% in the second series of experiments with a high degree of nematode infestation (more than 500 eggs in 1 g of feces). According to the results of the tests, it was found high efficiency of the drug “Moxistop” in the invasion of Dipylidium canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina and Uncinaria stenocephala in dogs and cats of different ages