bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term air concentrations, wet deposition, and scavenging ratios of inorganic ions, HNO3, and SO2 and assessment of aerosol and precipitation acidity at Canadian rural locations
Authors: Cheng Irene , Zhang Leiming
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This study analyzed long-term air concentrations and annual wet deposition of inorganic ions and aerosol and precipitation acidity at 31 Canadian sites from 1983 to 2011. Scavenging ratios of inorganic ions and relative contributions of particulate- and gas-phase species to NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− wet deposition were determined. Geographical patterns of atmospheric Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− were similar to wet deposition and attributed to anthropogenic sources, sea-salt emissions, and agricultural emissions. Decreasing trends in atmospheric NH4+ (1994–2010) and SO42− (1983–2010) were prevalent. Atmospheric NO3− increased prior to 2001 and then declined afterwards. These results are consistent with SO2, NOx and NH3 emission trends in Canada and the USA. Widespread declines in annual NO3− and SO42− wet deposition ranged from 0.07 to 1.0 kg ha−1 a−1 (1984–2011). Acidic aerosols and precipitation impacted southern and eastern Canada more than western Canada; however, both trends have been decreasing since 1994. Scavenging ratios of particulate NH4+, SO42− and NO3− differed from literature values by 22 %, 44 %, and a factor of 6, respectively, because of the exclusion of gas scavenging in previous studies. Average gas and particle scavenging contributions to total wet deposition were estimated to be 72 % for HNO3 and 28 % for particulate NO3−, 37 % for SO2 and 63 % for particulate SO42−, and 30 % for NH3 and 70 % for particulate NH4+.
New insights into atmospherically relevant reaction systems using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS)
Authors: Zhao Yue , Fairhurst Michelle C. , Wingen Lisa M. , Perraud Véronique , Ezell Michael J. , Finlayson-Pitts Barbara J.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The application of direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), which is finding increasing use in atmospheric chemistry, to two different laboratory model systems for airborne particles is investigated: (1) submicron C3–C7 dicarboxylic acid (diacid) particles reacted with gas-phase trimethylamine (TMA) or butylamine (BA) and (2) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles from the ozonolysis of α-cedrene. The diacid particles exhibit a clear odd–even pattern in their chemical reactivity toward TMA and BA, with the odd-carbon diacid particles being substantially more reactive than even ones. The ratio of base to diacid in reacted particles, determined using known diacid–base mixtures, was compared to that measured by high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS), which vaporizes the whole particle. Results show that DART-MS probes  ∼  30 nm of the surface layer, consistent with other studies on different systems. For α-cedrene SOA particles, it is shown that varying the temperature of the particle stream as it enters the DART-MS ionization region can distinguish between specific components with the same molecular mass but different vapor pressures. These results demonstrate the utility of DART-MS for (1) examining reactivity of heterogeneous model systems for atmospheric particles and (2) probing components of SOA particles based on volatility.
Effects of changes in nutrient loading and composition on hypoxia dynamics and internal nutrient cycling of a stratified coastal lagoon
Authors: Zhu Yafei , McCowan Andrew , Cook Perran L. M.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The effects of changes in catchment nutrient loading and composition on the phytoplankton dynamics, development of hypoxia and internal nutrient dynamics in a stratified coastal lagoon system (the Gippsland Lakes) was investigated using a 3D coupled hydrodynamic biogeochemical water quality model. The study showed that primary productivity was equally sensitive to changed dissolved inorganic and particulate organic nitrogen loads, highlighting the need for a better understanding of particulate organic matter bioavailability. Stratification and sediment carbon enrichment are the main drivers for the hypoxia and subsequent sediment phosphorus release in the Lake King. High primary production stimulated by large nitrogen loading brought by winter flood contributed almost all the sediment carbon deposition (as opposed to catchment loads) which was ultimately responsible for summer bottom-water hypoxia. Interestingly, internal recycling of phosphorus was more sensitive to changed nitrogen loads than total phosphorus loads, highlighting the potential importance of nitrogen loads exerting a control over systems that become phosphorus limited (such as during summer nitrogen-fixing blooms of cyanobacteria). Therefore, the current study highlighted the need to reduce both TN and TP for water quality improvement in estuarine systems.
Shingle 2.0: generalising self-consistent and
automated domain discretisation for multi-scale
geophysical models
Authors: Candy Adam , Pietrzak Julie
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The approaches taken to describe and develop spatial discretisations of the domains required for geophysical simulation models are commonly ad hoc, model or application specific and under-documented. This is particularly acute for simulation models that are flexible in their use of multi-scale, anisotropic, fully unstructured meshes where a relatively large number of heterogeneous parameters are required to constrain their full description. As a consequence, it can be difficult to reproduce simulations, ensure a provenance in model data handling and initialisation, and a challenge to conduct model intercomparisons rigorously. This paper takes a novel approach to spatial discretisation, considering it much like a numerical simulation model problem of its own. It introduces a generalised, extensible, self- documenting approach to carefully describe, and necessarily fully, the constraints over the heterogeneous parameter space that determine how a domain is spatially discretised. This additionally provides a method to accurately record these constraints, using high-level natural language based abstractions, that enables full accounts of provenance, sharing and distribution. Together with this description, a generalised consistent approach to unstructured mesh generation for geophysical models is developed, that is automated, robust and repeatable, quick-to-draft, rigorously verified and consistent to the source data throughout. This interprets the description above to execute a self-consistent spatial discretisation process, which is automatically validated to expected discrete characteristics and metrics.
Marine mammal tracks from two-hydrophone acoustic recordings made with a glider
Authors: Küsel Elizabeth T. , Munoz Tessa , Siderius Martin , Mellinger David K. , Heimlich Sara
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A multinational oceanographic and acoustic sea experiment was carried out in the summer of 2014 off the western coast of the island of Sardinia, Mediterranean Sea. During this experiment, an underwater glider fitted with two hydrophones was evaluated as a potential tool for marine mammal population density estimation studies. An acoustic recording system was also tested, comprising an inexpensive, off-the-shelf digital recorder installed inside the glider. Detection and classification of sounds produced by whales and dolphins, and sometimes tracking and localization, are inherent components of population density estimation from passive acoustics recordings. In this work we discuss the equipment used as well as analysis of the data obtained, including detection and estimation of bearing angles. A human analyst identified the presence of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) regular clicks as well as dolphin clicks and whistles. Cross-correlating clicks recorded on both data channels allowed for the estimation of the direction (bearing) of clicks, and realization of animal tracks. Insights from this bearing tracking analysis can aid in population density estimation studies by providing further information (bearings), which can improve estimates.
A global algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity
Authors: McDougall T. J. , Jackett D. R. , Millero F. J. , Pawlowicz R. , Barker P. M.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010 has defined the thermodynamic properties of seawater in terms of a new salinity variable, Absolute Salinity, which takes into account the spatial variation of the composition of seawater. Absolute Salinity more accurately reflects the effects of the dissolved material in seawater on the thermodynamic properties (particularly density) than does Practical Salinity. When a seawater sample has standard composition (i.e. the ratios of the constituents of sea salt are the same as those of surface water of the North Atlantic), Practical Salinity can be used to accurately evaluate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. When seawater is not of standard composition, Practical Salinity alone is not sufficient and the Absolute Salinity Anomaly needs to be estimated; this anomaly is as large as 0.025 g kg−1 in the northernmost North Pacific. Here we provide an algorithm for estimating Absolute Salinity Anomaly for any location (x, y, p) in the world ocean. To develop this algorithm, we used the Absolute Salinity Anomaly that is found by comparing the density calculated from Practical Salinity to the density measured in the laboratory. These estimates of Absolute Salinity Anomaly however are limited to the number of available observations (namely 811). In order to provide a practical method that can be used at any location in the world ocean, we take advantage of approximate relationships between Absolute Salinity Anomaly and silicate concentrations (which are available globally).
Commutativity of near-rings with certain constrains on Jordan ideals
Authors: Boua Abdelkarim
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study derivations satisfying certain differential identities on Jordan ideals of 3-prime near-rings. Moreover, we provide examples to show that hypothesis of our results are necessary.
On totally projective QTAG-modules characterized by its submodules
Authors: Hasan Ayazul , Rafiquddin Mohd
Published: April 2017

A $QTAG$-module $M$ is called almost totally projective if it has a weak nice system. Here we show that the isotype submodules of a totally projective module which are almost totally projective are precisely those that are separable. From this characterization it follows that every balanced submodule of a totally projective module is almost totally projective. Finally, in some special cases we settle the question of whether a direct summand of an almost totally projective module is again almost totally projective.
Nehari manifold and multiplicity result for elliptic equation involving p-laplacian problems
Authors: Ben Ali Khaled , Ghanmi Abdeljabbar
Published: April 2017

This article shows the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions of the $p$-Laplacien problem $$\displaystyle -\Delta_{p} u=\frac{1}{p^{\ast}}\frac{\partial F(x,u)}{\partial u} + \lambda a(x)|u|^{q-2}u \quad \mbox{for } x\in\Omega;\quad \quad u=0,\quad \mbox{for } x\in\partial\Omega$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded open set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary, $1<q<p<n$, $p^{\ast}=\frac{np}{n-p}$, $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}\backslash \{0\}$ and $a$ is a smooth function which may change sign in $\overline{\Omega}$. The method is based on Nehari results on three sub-manifolds of the space $W_{0}^{1,p}$.
Transmitting Cultural Identity in Schools through Traditional Music: A Case Study of Three Districts in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mataruse Shadreck
Published: April 2017

Traditional music may be used to transmit and preserve cultures of various societies in schools. To address the above concern, the researcher carried out a study on traditional music performances in three Zimbabwean districts. The study employed a qualitative approach. Audio visual recordings, interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection. The population comprised members from three districts and music teachers from the selected schools. The study revealed that music education may be of meaningful value to societies when local traditional songs are used. The study also disclosed that traditional music plays a pivotal role in instilling the expected norms, values and standards in children.  Respondents advocated that traditional songs should be taught to young generations because, through these, the young can learn the behaviour they are expected of, to become functional members of the society. The research recommends that local traditional songs should be used in teaching music. What is taught in schools should be culturally relevant to and affirming of the students’ lived realities. The school authorities should encourage the inclusion of local traditional songs in music instruction. Teachers and parents should also work together to transmit culture through generations using oral and literal means.
In situ reconstruction of the external iliac artery and vein with autogenous vessels in a patient with rectosigmoid colon cancer invading the external iliac artery and vein: A Case Report
Authors: Roh Young-Nam , Choi Pyongwha
Published: April 2017

Aggressive radical R0 resection is necessary for good prognosis in colorectal cancer with adjacent organ invasion. According to the location of the tumor, various pelvic organs are removed in en-block resection. However, en-block resection may be challenging in case with vascular invasion such as external iliac vessels because vascular specialist should be involved and vascular reconstruction is complex procedure than any other surgical procedure. We report the case of a 53-year-old man who underwent curative surgery for rectosigmoid colon cancer invading the left external iliac artery (EIA) and vein (EIV). En-bloc resection of the tumor including external iliac vessels and ureter was performed, and the resected EIA and EIV were reconstructed using the internal iliac artery and vein. This procedure is more physiologic than extra-anatomic bypass and eliminates the need of artificial graft. Consequently, its use may improve patency and decrease the risk of graft infection.
Reducing perceived stress through an orientation program for nursing students entering their first nursing course
Authors: Sparacino Lisa , Diggle B. Suzy
Published: April 2017

Background: The faculty of an introductory nursing course noted that students expressed, over several years, apprehension regarding expectations such as studying for exams and how to better organize their time. Nursing students are known to experience a greater amount of anxiety than non-nursing students. This anxiety interferes with their ability to be successful in their selected major.Purpose and methods: The purpose of this study was to determine if an orientation program would reduce the perceived anxiety of students who have been admitted to their first nursing course, and of their families and significant others. Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire was administered to measure changes in stress levels before and after exposure to an orientation program designed for incoming nursing students and their significant others.Results and conclusions: The results indicated that the anxiety levels of the participants were significantly reduced after the orientation program. The results are important as a decrease in the anxiety levels of nursing students could be directly correlated to their success.
Reassembling Documents of Life in the Archive
Authors: Tamboukou Maria
Published: April 2017

We usually perceive archives as the end of the active life of a document, a place where a document is deposited to be protected and preserved for the creation of future memories and histories. And yet archives are beginnings as much as they are ends: they give their documents a new life and particularly with the advent of digitisation, new and diverse forms of life; but they can also deprive their documents of a future life, by hiding them through mysterious cataloguing structures, complex classification practices or merely spatial arrangements. Apart from curators and archivists who create and organise archives, often hiding documents in them, researchers also create archival assemblages when they bring together documents from diverse archives and sources around the world. But researchers, like archivists, often hide the archival strategies or sources of their research, through their immersion in the power relations of knowledge production. In this paper I look at the creation of an archival assemblage from my research with documents of life written by French seamstresses, active in the feminist circles of the romantic socialist movements of the nineteenth century. What I argue is that as researchers we need to become more sensitive to the life of the documents of life we work with; simply put: we cannot engage with documents of life while ignoring the life of documents within the archive and beyond. This article was submitted to EJLW on January 16th 2016, and published on April 9th 2017
Prospective evaluation of anxiety, pain, and embarrassment associated with cystoscopy and urodynamic testing in clinical practice
Authors: Biardeau Xavier , Lam Ornella , Ba Van , Campeau Lysanne , Corcos Jacques
Published: April 2017

Introduction: We sought to prospectively assess anxiety, pain, and embarrassment associated with diagnostic cystoscopy and multichannel urodynamic study (UDS).Methods: All consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy or UDS in our department over a period of nine months were asked to participate. Two anonymous auto-administered questionnaires were specifically designed to collect basic epidemiological data, document medical history, and assess the quality of information provided, along with prevalence and level (0‒10 numerical visual analog rating scale) of anxiety, pain, and embarrassment experienced before and/or during the procedures. Statistical analysis was carried out to identify underlying factors that could have influenced patients’ experience and ascertain potential correlations between anxiety, pain, and embarrassment.Results: 101 and 185 patients were respectively evaluated immediately after cystoscopy and UDS. Multivariate analysis repeatedly showed statistical correlations between anxiety, pain, and embarrassment, with regard to prevalence and level of intensity in both cystoscopy and UDS populations. Males and young patients were more likely to present anxiety, pain, or embarrassment during cystoscopy and UDS. Interestingly, patients who reported having received complete information before cystoscopy were significantly more likely to experience anxiety (62.6% vs. 20.0%; p=0.009).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the major impact of gender and age on patients’ experience. Interestingly, information provided before cystoscopy was reported to have a negative impact on patients’ perception of anxiety; this could be partly prevented by optimizing the way information is provided to patients.
Study habits of Canadian urology residents: Implications for development of a competence by design curriculum
Authors: Skinner Thomas A.A. , Ho Louisa , Touma Naji J.
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the study habits of Canadian urology residents throughout their residency training.Methods: A survey was administered to all final-year Canadian urology residents over a two-year period. Sixty-seven respondents answered a survey consisting of 54 questions scored on a 10-point Likert score. The survey addressed study habits throughout training, motivations for studying, and preferred resources used.Results: Dedication to studying was directly correlated with proximity to the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) exam. Ninety-six percent of residents reported studying over 10 hours per week during their chief year compared to 0% during their junior year. As residents progressed in their training, preparation for the Royal College exam became the greatest motivator for studying. There was considerable variability in study methods and study resources used throughout training. In their chief year, residents found such resources as the textbook Campbell-Walsh, AUA updates, CUA and AUA guidelines, and the study notes of former trainees to be valuable for their preparation. Teaching rounds, journal clubs, and reading current urological literature were found to be les helpful. Forty-six percent of all residents surveyed indicated that they would prefer writing their RCPSC exam one year earlier than the current timing. Conclusions: This study provides insight into study habits of Canadian urology residents. This data may be helpful in shaping the future of urology training programs and examinations within Canada and elsewhere.
What false-negative rates of non-invasive testing are active surveillance patients and uro-oncologists willing to accept in order to avoid prostate biopsy?
Authors: Sayyid Rashid Khalid , Dingar Dharmendra , Fleshner Katherine , Thorburn Taylor , Diamond Joshua , Yao Erik , Hersey Karen , Chadwick Karen , Perlis Nathan , Klotz Laurence , Finelli Antonio , Hamilton Robert , Kulkarni Girish , Zlotta Alexandre , Fleshner Neil
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Repeat prostate biopsies in active surveillance patients are associated with significant complications. Novel imaging and blood/urine-based non-invasive tests are being developed to better predict disease grade and volume progression. We conducted a theoretical study to determine what test performance characteristics and costs would a non-invasive test(s) require in order for patients and their physicians to comfortably avoid biopsy.Methods: Surveys were administered to two populations to determine an acceptable false-negative rate and cost for such test(s). Active surveillance patients were recruited at time of followup in clinic at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. Physician members of the Society of Urological Oncology were targeted via an online survey. Participants were questioned about their demographics and other characteristics that might influence chosen error rates and cost.Results: 136 patients and 670 physicians were surveyed, with 130 (95.6%) and 104 (15.5%) responses obtained, respectively. A vast majority of patients (90.6%) were comfortable with a non-invasive test(s) in place of biopsy, with 64.8% accepting a false-negative rate of 5‒20%. Most physicians (93.3%) were comfortable with a non-invasive test, with 77.9% accepting a rate of 5‒20%. Most patients and physicians felt that a cost of less than $1000 per administration would be reasonable.Conclusions: Most patients/physicians are comfortable with a non-invasive test(s). Although a 5% error rate seems acceptable to many, a substantial subset feels that 99% or higher negative predictive value is required. Thus, a personalized approach with shared decision-making between patients and physicians is essential to optimize patient care in such situations.
Supplementary data: Prospective evaluation of anxiety, pain, and embarrassment associated with cystoscopy and urodynamic testing in clinical practice
Authors: Biardeau Xavier , Lam Ornella , Ba Van , Campeau Lysanne , Corcos Jacques
Published: April 2017

N/A
Supplementary data: Cost-effectiveness of mirabegron compared to tolterodine ER 4 mg for overactive bladder in Canada
Authors: Herschorn Sender , Nazir Jameel , Ramos Barbara , Hakimi Zalmai
Published: April 2017

N/A
A Longitudinal Study of Motivation in Foreign and Second Language Learning Context
Authors: Ordem Eser
Published: April 2017

Although motivation has been one of the most commonly studied subjects in second and foreign language learning in recent decades, it still remains an enigma for learners and teachers. This longitudinal study aimed to follow a student (N=1) studying German in both second and foreign language environment for three years. The study was descriptive, idiographic and phenomenographic in nature with the support of interpretive phenomenological analysis. Interview and diary methods were used to collect data about the nature of motivation of the participant. The study contained seven dimensions of motivation to interpret the data. The results showed that the participant was adversely affected by lack of linguistic self-confidence and the problem of milieu and that an individual’s own efforts to reach high motivation might be insufficient without taking external factors into consideration. It was also found that a long observation of motivation has a dynamic, chaotic and complex nature.
Análise de risco em projetos de engenharia: uso do PERT/CPM com simulação
Authors: Vergara Walter Roberto , Teixeira Renata Tais , Yamanari Juliana Suemi
Published: April 2017

O PERT/CPM é uma ferramenta utilizada na gestão de projetos que permite planejamento, programação e coordenação de atividades para o controle de tempo e custo. A simulação de Monte Carlo é um processo baseado na amostragem de números aleatórios que auxilia no processo de tomada de decisão sob condições de risco e incerteza. Nesta pesquisa, analisam-se as restrições existentes no setor da construção civil, tais como orçamento financeiro e tempo. Mediante esta análise, o caminho crítico foi determinado pela ferramenta do PERT/CPM, possibilitando acelerar as atividades do projeto sem exceder o investimento inicial. A simulação de Monte Carlo permitiu realizar uma análise probabilística para quantificar a sensibilidade inerente na conclusão do projeto e ter uma visão mais real do cenário futuro. O estudo foi realizado em uma empresa da construção civil que forneceu os dados para sua análise e aplicação.
A importância da ferramenta PDCA no processo industrial portuário: estudo de caso em um carregador de navios
Authors: Sousa Saymon Ricardo Oliveira , Silva Cleiton Oliveira , Agostino Ícaro Romolo Sousa , Frota Pedro Couto , Oliveira Ricardo Daher
Published: April 2017

Para atender a demanda de produção de exportação de minério de ferro é necessário atendimento dos padrões de qualidade e acomodação do material. Neste trabalho, relatam-se as análises realizadas no processo de carregamento de navios, nas operações de embarque de graneis sólidos, com a aplicação da ferramenta PDCA, objetivando verificar de que forma este instrumento poderá contribuir para a melhoria dos processos. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso, com uma abordagem exploratória. Na aplicação da mencionada ferramenta, foram identificadas as causas que contribuíam para a queda na qualidade do produto, e ainda foram propostas ações para solucionar as dificuldades levantadas. Após a execução das ações, analisaram-se os resultados obtidos da intervenção para avaliação da eficiência do ciclo PDCA aplicado na referida gestão de operação dos carregadores de navios. Foi possível constatar a importância da ferramenta PDCA para a gestão dos processos e a eliminação de não conformidades na organização.
Hearing loss in mild OSAS and simple snoring patients
Authors: Spinosi Maria Carla , D'Amico Francesca , Passali Giulio , Cingi Cemal , Rodriguez Hugo , Passali Desiderio
Published: April 2017

Introduction
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of prolonged partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways. Several study groups studied the effect of snoring and OSAS on auditory function, showing an increase in the incidence of hearing loss in apneic patients, an earlier onset and/or a degree of hearing loss deeper than in peers.
The aim of our study is to evaluate the audiological performance of a population of simple-snoring patients and patients suffering from mild OSAS, and the impact that such pathological condition can have on the auditory function, considering the significant levels of chronic noise.
Materials and Methods
Data was collected by analyzing audiometric exams on snoring patients and a control group of non-snoring patients. Our study included simple snoring patients without OSAS (AHI < 5) or with low level of OSAS (5< AHI < 15). Possible hearing loss was classified in a crescent scale (A-B-C-D-E), from greater to minor auditory performance, according to the indications of the national protocol of occupational medicine for evaluation of hearing loss in patients exposed to chronic noise.
Results
We have found independence between simple snorers, mild-OSAS snorers and non-snoring patients compared to the scale of hearing performance classification.
Conclusions
Our results show a distribution of hearing loss in the different groups that appear independent of the presence or absence of snoring, complicated or uncomplicated by mild OSAS.
Analysis of risk factors for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in the authors’ own material
Authors: Nowosielska-Grygiel Joanna , Owczarek Kalina , Bielińska Marzena , Wacławek Magdalena , Olszewski Jurek
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the risk factors for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in peopled examined
under the Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week in 2016, Lodz.
Material and methods. In Lodz, 21st September 2016, under the Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week, 106 people,
including 67 women aged 29–77 and 39 men aged 23–84, underwent preventive examinations in the hospital department.
Prior to the laryngological examination, the patients were asked to answer questions that referred to their education,
medical case history, symptoms, smoking habits with the number of cigarettes per day, alcohol intake, the
number of lifetime sexual partners, oral sex engagement, incidents of head and neck cancer in the family history.
Results: The major part of the examined patients were women and men with the secondary and high level of education,
47,76% and 35,82%, and 58,97% and 35,91% respectively. The patients were informed by mass media about
the planned preventive medical examinations – 80,60% women and 79,49% men. The most common symptoms
reported by women were: hoarse voice in 61,19% cases, dysphagia in 32,84% cases and burning sensation and/or
pain in the oral cavity in 29,85% cases. The examined male patients mainly showed hoarse voice (46,15%), other
symptoms (43,59%) and dysphagia (25,64%). 28,35% women and 28,20% men smoked cigarettes, while passive
smokers were 22,38% and 25,64% respectively. Alcohol consumption was reported by 67,16% women and 82,05%
men, rather occasionally. Having oral sex was noted in 25,37% women and 38,46% men, mostly with multiple sexual
partners. Among the studied patients, 13,43% women and 5,12% men suffered from malignant cancer, including
2,98% women and 2,56% men who reported head and neck carcinoma in the medical interview. On the basis of
the interview and ENT examination, 11,94% women and 17,94% men were qualified for the extended oncological
diagnostics.
Conclussion. The Fourth Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Week shows the increased interest in preventive screening,
especially oncological screening, and thus the necessity of such preventive activities in the future.
Increase in the incidence of parotid gland tumors in the years 2005–2014
Authors: Stryjewska-Makuch Grażyna , Kolebacz Bogdan , Janik Małgorzata A. , Wolnik Agnieszka
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours account for 3-6% of tumours of the head and neck. About 80% of salivary gland
tumors occur in parotid glands, 10-17% of which are malignant The aim of the study was to assess whether there is an
upward trend in cancer incidence within the parotid glands, with particular emphasis on cancers.
Materials and methods: 322 patients underwent surgery and 328 parotid gland tumours were removed in the years
2005-2014 at the Department of Laryngology and Laryngological Oncology of the Upper Silesian Medical Centre in
Katowice-Ochojec. Clinical, histopathological and statistical analyses of the removed parotid gland tumours were
performed.
Results and discussion: A significant increase in the incidence of benign tumours, especially mixed and Warthin tumours,
was demonstrated. There was no significant increase in the number of malignant tumours over the analysed
period of time.
The Economic Impacts of Renewal Energy on Local Economies: The Case of Solar Energy in Japan
Authors: Hayami Hitoshi , Nakamura Masao
Published: April 2017

Various alternative renewable energy sources have been proposed and implemented. These energy sources, which generally do not rely on fossil fuel, are distinguished from the traditional large scale energy projects in a number of ways.
On the other hand, the circumstances surrounding renewable energy sources currently under use are characterized by their small size and scale and their economic impacts are generally local. For example, wind mills based electric power generation uses locally available wind currents and geothermal power generation uses locally available geothermal heat sources. Similarly, solar power generation uses solar power available in the local regions. These imply that the economic impacts of most renewable energy sources currently in use are local.
We estimate our model using cross-sectional data of regional economies measured at the prefecture level in Japan. This will allow us to estimate the impacts of certain government policy variables at the regional level as well. One hypothesis we consider in this paper is that while solar power is still negligible in terms of its impact on Japan's national economy, it has some economic impacts on the economies of the regions where they are located.
Topological Decomposition of Directed Graphs
Authors: Abuthawabeh Ala , Zeckzer Dirk
Published: April 2017

The analysis of directed graphs is important in application areas
like software engineering, bioinformatics, or project management.
Distinguishing between topological structures such as cyclic and
hierarchical subgraphs provides the analyst with important
information.
However, until now, graph drawing algorithms draw the
complete directed graph either hierarchically or cyclic.
Therefore, we introduced new algorithms for decomposing the input
graph into
cyclic subgraphs,
directed acyclic subgraphs,
and tree subgraphs.
For all of these subgraphs, optimized layout algorithms exist.
We developed and presented a new algorithm for drawing the
complete graph based on the decomposition
using and combining these layouts.
In this paper, we focus on the algorithms for the topological
decomposition.
We describe them on an intermediate level complementing the
previous descriptions on the high and the low level.
Besides the motivation, illustrative examples
of all cases that need to be considered by the algorithm,
standard as well as more complex ones, are given.
We complement this description by a complexity analysis of all
algorithms.
Ideal Drawings of Rooted Trees With Approximately Optimal Width
Authors: Biedl Therese
Published: April 2017

For rooted trees, an ideal drawing is one that is planar,
straight-line, strictly-upward, and order-preserving.
This paper considers ideal drawings of rooted trees with the objective
of keeping the width of such drawings small. It is not known
whether finding the minimum width is NP-hard or polynomial.
This paper gives a 2-approximation for this problem, and a
$2\Delta$-approximation
(for $\Delta$-ary trees) where additionally the height is $O(n)$.
For trees with $\Delta\leq 3$, the former algorithm finds ideal drawings with
minimum width.
Landscape of histone modifications in a sponge reveals the origin of animal cis-regulatory complexity
Authors: Gaiti Federico , Jindrich Katia , Fernandez-Valverde Selene L , Roper Kathrein E , Degnan Bernard M , Tanurdžić Miloš
Published: April 2017

Combinatorial patterns of histone modifications regulate developmental and cell type-specific gene expression and underpin animal complexity, but it is unclear when this regulatory system evolved. By analysing histone modifications in a morphologically-simple, early branching animal, the sponge Amphimedonqueenslandica, we show that the regulatory landscape used by complex bilaterians was already in place at the dawn of animal multicellularity. This includes distal enhancers, repressive chromatin and transcriptional units marked by H3K4me3 that vary with levels of developmental regulation. Strikingly, Amphimedon enhancers are enriched in metazoan-specific microsyntenic units, suggesting that their genomic location is extremely ancient and likely to place constraints on the evolution of surrounding genes. These results suggest that the regulatory foundation for spatiotemporal gene expression evolved prior to the divergence of sponges and eumetazoans, and was necessary for the evolution of animal multicellularity.
A nanobody-based toolset to investigate the role of protein localization and dispersal in Drosophila
Authors: Harmansa Stefan , Alborelli Ilaria , Bieli Dimitri , Caussinus Emmanuel , Affolter Markus
Published: April 2017

The role of protein localization along the apical-basal axis of polarized cells is difficult to investigate in vivo, partially due to lack of suitable tools. Here, we present the GrabFP system, a collection of four nanobody-based GFP-traps that localize to defined positions along the apical-basal axis. We show that the localization preference of the GrabFP traps can impose a novel localization on GFP-tagged target proteins and results in their controlled mislocalization. These new tools were used to mislocalize transmembrane and cytoplasmic GFP fusion proteins in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium and to investigate the effect of protein mislocalization. Furthermore, we used the GrabFP system as a tool to study the extracellular dispersal of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp) protein and show that the Dpp gradient forming in the lateral plane of the Drosophila wing disc epithelium is essential for patterning of the wing imaginal disc.
Emergence of transformation-tolerant representations of visual objects in rat lateral extrastriate cortex
Authors: Tafazoli Sina , Safaai Houman , De Franceschi Gioia , Rosselli Federica Bianca , Vanzella Walter , Riggi Margherita , Buffolo Federica , Panzeri Stefano , Zoccolan Davide
Published: April 2017

Rodents are emerging as increasingly popular models of visual functions. Yet, evidence that rodent visual cortex is capable of advanced visual processing, such as object recognition, is limited. Here we investigate how neurons located along the progression of extrastriate areas that, in the rat brain, run laterally to primary visual cortex, encode object information. We found a progressive functional specialization of neural responses along these areas, with: (1) a sharp reduction of the amount of low-level, energy-related visual information encoded by neuronal firing; and (2) a substantial increase in the ability of both single neurons and neuronal populations to support discrimination of visual objects under identity-preserving transformations (e.g., position and size changes). These findings strongly argue for the existence of a rat object-processing pathway, and point to the rodents as promising models to dissect the neuronal circuitry underlying transformation-tolerant recognition of visual objects.
Optical control of pain in vivo with a photoactive mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator
Authors: Font Joan , López-Cano Marc , Notartomaso Serena , Scarselli Pamela , Di Pietro Paola , Bresolí-Obach Roger , Battaglia Giuseppe , Malhaire Fanny , Rovira Xavier , Catena Juanlo , Giraldo Jesús , Pin Jean-Philippe , Fernández-Dueñas Víctor , Goudet Cyril , Nonell Santi , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Llebaria Amadeu , Ciruela Francisco
Published: April 2017

Light-operated drugs constitute a major target in drug discovery, since they may provide spatiotemporal resolution for the treatment of complex diseases (i.e. chronic pain). JF-NP-26 is an inactive photocaged derivative of the metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor negative allosteric modulator raseglurant. Violet light illumination of JF-NP-26 induces a photochemical reaction prompting the active-drug’s release, which effectively controls mGlu5 receptor activity both in ectopic expressing systems and in striatal primary neurons. Systemic administration in mice followed by local light-emitting diode (LED)-based illumination, either of the thalamus or the peripheral tissues, induced JF-NP-26-mediated light-dependent analgesia both in neuropathic and in acute/tonic inflammatory pain models. These data offer the first example of optical control of analgesia in vivo using a photocaged mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator. This approach shows potential for precisely targeting, in time and space, endogenous receptors, which may allow a better management of difficult-to-treat disorders.
A novel perivascular cell population in the zebrafish brain
Authors: Galanternik Marina Venero , Castranova Daniel , Gore Aniket V , Blewett Nathan H , Jung Hyun Min , Stratman Amber N , Kirby Martha R , Iben James , Miller Mayumi F , Kawakami Koichi , Maraia Richard J , Weinstein Brant M
Published: April 2017

The blood-brain barrier is essential for the proper homeostasis and function of the CNS, but its mechanism of function is poorly understood. Perivascular cells surrounding brain blood vessels are thought to be important for blood-brain barrier establishment, but their roles are not well defined. Here, we describe a novel perivascular cell population closely associated with blood vessels on the zebrafish brain. Based on similarities in their morphology, location, and scavenger behavior, these cells appear to be the zebrafish equivalent of cells variably characterized as Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells (FGPs), perivascular macrophages, or ‘Mato Cells’ in mammals. Despite their macrophage-like morphology and perivascular location, zebrafish FGPs appear molecularly most similar to lymphatic endothelium, and our imaging studies suggest that these cells emerge by differentiation from endothelium of the optic choroidal vascular plexus. Our findings provide the first report of a perivascular cell population in the brain derived from vascular endothelium.
The genus Ptychomitrium Fürnr. (Bryophyta: Ptychomitriaceae) in Australia
Authors: Meagher David
Published: April 2017

Five species of Ptychomitrium have been recognised in Australia: P. acutifolium, P. australe, P. laxifolium, P. mittenii and P. muelleri. Apart from P. mittenii these species have been confused in the literature and in herbarium identifications. Here P. acutifolium, P. australe and P. mittenii are accepted as good species. P. laxifolium is synonymised under P. acutifolium, and P. muelleri is synonymised under P. australe.
Sloetia (Moraceae): a new generic record for the Philippines
Authors: Tandang Danilo N. , Tadiosa Edwin R. , Gardner Elliot M
Published: April 2017

Sloetia is reported as a new generic record for the Philippines. Individuals of Sloetia elongata were discovered near the Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, growing in lowland disturbed areas outside the protected area. A subsequent search of online images and herbarium specimens revealed two previously overlooked records of S. elongata from Dinagat, indicating that the species occurs at both the northern and southern extremes of eastern Mindanao. Sloetia can be distinguished from other Moraceae by its spicate staminate to

bisexual inflorescences with a prominent sterile groove and its free stipules that are nearly fully amplexicaul.
Data completion with Hilbert transform over plane rectangle: Technique renovation for the Grad‐Shafranov reconstruction
Authors: Li H. J. , Li C. Y. , Feng X. S. , Xiang J. , Huang Y. Y. , Zhou S. D.
Published: April 2017

Hilbert transforms (HT) have first been used to build the essential technique of Grad‐Shafranov (GS) reconstruction by Li et al. (2013), where the problem of ill posedness in GS reconstruction has been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we present an extended Hilbert transform (EHT) over the plane rectangle. In contrast to previous one (HT over the unit circular region), corner singularities are introduced into these new formulae. It is confronted by problems like the integral with both endpoint singularities, and the semiinfinite integral with one endpoint singularity, as these EHT formulae are used to rebuild the essential technique of GS reconstruction. Two additional mathematic tools are adopted in this study. First, high‐accuracy quadrature schemes are constructed for those improper integrals based on the double exponential (DE) transformations. Benchmark testing with the analytic solutions on a rectangular boundary has shown the efficiency and robustness of the EHT formulae. Second, the data completion or the inverse boundary value problem is solved with the help of a truncated Chebyshev series, which approximates the unknown boundary gradients in very high efficiency under the only assumption that they are Lipschitz continuous on each side of the rectangle. Combining the introduced EHT formulae and the two needed mathematic tools, the essential technique of GS reconstruction is formulated into a linear system of Fredholm equations of the first kind. Then a three‐parameter Tikhonov regularization scheme is developed to deal with the ill‐posed linear operators appearing in the discretized linear system. This new approach for data completion over the plane rectangle is benchmarked with the analytic solutions. Numerical experiments highlight the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Evolution processes of a group of equatorial plasma bubble (EPBs) simultaneously observed by ground‐based and satellite measurements in the equatorial region of China
Authors: Sun Longchang , Xu Jiyao , Wang Wenbin , Yuan Wei , Zhu Yajun
Published: April 2017

This paper for the first time reports conjugate observations of a group of evolving equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) generated in the longitudinal sector of China on 4/5 November 2013 using simultaneous airglow and Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) observations. The airglow depletion structures seen by two all‐sky airglow imagers had the same zonal wavelength as that of the longitudinally periodic electron density depletions observed by the C/NOFS satellite which occurred at almost the same time but at magnetically conjugate latitudes. Data from a VHF radar and a Digisonde were combined to investigate the evolution of the EPB group, including their generation, development, and dissipation. Results indicate that the EPB group developed from the bottomside large‐scale wave‐like structure (LSWS) at about 195–210 km height with a characteristic zonal wavelength and longitudinal extension of about 450 km and 2250 km, respectively. The EPB group also caused periodic bottomside type spread F associated with the LSWS. We found that the development of the EPB group and their associated spread F could be limited by the equatorward motion of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and the southwestward motion of an extremely bright airglow region (SMEBAR). The SMEBAR is a newly discovered structure of plasma density increase but not a plasma blob reported before. Both EIA and SMEBAR could feed high plasma density into an EPB airglow depletion structure that was eventually seen as a bright airglow structure or disappeared. Meanwhile, spread F associated with the EPBs did not evolve from the bottomside type into the strong range type.