bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative patient-level prediction study in OMOP CDM demonstrates advantages for native and web-based implementations
Authors: Ahmadi Najia , Nguyen Quang Vu , Sedlmayr Martin , Wolfien Markus
Published: February 2023

Background: The emergence of collaborations, which standardize and combine multiple clinical databases across different regions, provides a wealthy source of data, which is fundamental for clinical prediction models, such as patient-level predictions. With the aid of such large data pools, researchers are able to develop clinical prediction models for improved disease classification, risk assessment, and beyond. To fully utilize this potential, Machine Learning (ML) methods are commonly required to process these large amounts of data on disease-specific patient cohorts. As a consequence, the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) collaborative develops a framework to facilitate the application of ML models for these standardized patient datasets by using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM).
Motivation: In this study, we compare the feasibility of current web-based OHDSI approaches, namely ATLAS and “Patient-level Prediction” (PLP), against a native solution (R based) to conduct such ML-based patient-level prediction analyses in OMOP. This will enable potential users to select the most suitable approach for their investigation.
Methods: Each of the applied ML solutions was individually utilized to solve the same patient-level prediction task. Both approaches went through an exemplary benchmarking analysis to assess the weaknesses and strengths of the PLP R-Package. In this work, the performance of this package was subsequently compared versus the commonly used native R-package called Machine Learning in R 3 (mlr3), and its sub-packages. The approaches were evaluated on performance, execution time, availability of tools for handling imbalanced datasets, and ease of model implementation.
Results: The results show that the PLP package has shorter execution times, which indicates great scalability, as well as intuitive code implementation, and numerous possibilities for visualization. However, limitations in comparison to native packages were depicted in the implementation of specific ML classifiers (e.g., Lasso), which may result in a decreased performance for real-world prediction problems.
Conclusion: The ﬁndings here contribute to the overall effort of developing ML-based prediction models on a clinical scale and provide a snapshot for future studies that explicitly aim to develop patient-level prediction models in OMOP CDM.
Disentangling the erosion protection characteristics of the rammed earth Great Wall in Shanhaiguan and understanding the role of biological crusts with salts
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Yun , Guo Lianjun , Cao Haiying , Dai Zhenwei , Zhao Zhiyong , Guo Ying , Li Dongdong , Zheng Lingling , Li Tianli
Published: February 2023

Rammed earth is a green material that is widely used in all kinds of buildings around the world. Rammed earth buildings are often subject to erosion and collapse hazards due to prolonged heavy rainfall and exposure. The Great Wall of Shanhaiguan is a typical world cultural site built of rammed earth. However, an investigation found that there were no erosion marks on the partial walls of the Xiaowan and Nantuzhuang gaps of the Great Wall of Shanhaiguan. To study the reasons why rammed the earth Great Wall have strong erosion resistance, we carried out different experimental tests. The results show that the erosion resistance performance of the rammed earth Great Wall is due to the formation of a gray‒green biological crust layer on the rammed earth surface. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the polysaccharide organic matter secreted by biological crust caused soil particle agglomeration. Moreover, the algal filaments and the hyphae overlapped, wound and wrapped the soil particles, forming a complex spatial network structure. Together, they improved the soil erosion stability. on the other hand，the high-valent cations in the rainwater and the low-valent cations in the clay exchange ions, forming crystal growth and blocking the soil, also enhance the erosion resistance performance of the wall.
Association of body mass index with clinical outcome of WHO grade 4 glioma
Authors: Wang Jiejun , Hao Zhaonian , Li Ruyuan , Wu Weiqi , Huang Na , Zhang Kangna , Hao Shuyu , Feng Jie , Chu Junsheng , Ji Nan
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in WHO grade 4 gliomas is not well acknowledged. This study aimed to assess the survival outcomes of patients with different BMI.
Methods
Real-world data of patients diagnosed of WHO grade 4 (2021 version) glioma was assessed in a prospective design. All patients have undergone standard-of-care, from September 2018 to September 2021. Outcomes of overall survival and progression-free survival were analyzed.
Results
127 patients were ultimately admitted in this study. Baseline characteristics of clinical features, molecular features, and secondary treatment in BMI subsets showed no significant difference. Survival analyses showed a significantly superior OS in overweight group comparing to normal weight group. A trend of favoring a better OS of overweight group comparing to obesity group has been observed. Univariate cox regression demonstrated patients of round-BMI 25 and 26 obtained superior OS outcomes under standard-of-care of WHO grade 4 gliomas.
Conclusion
In this real-world setting, overall survival was shown to be improved in patients with overweight. Patients in proper BMI range may acquire survival benefit undergoing standard-of-care of WHO grade 4 gliomas. Large scale studies on these subsets of patients are needed.
S100A9 Regulated M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Interleukin-10- induced Promotion of Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Pei Xue-Bin , Yi Feng-Shuang , Dong Shu-Feng , Chen Qing-Yu , Shi Xin-Yu
Published: February 2023

Interlukin-10 (IL-10) promotes the formation and development of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Previous studies have elucidated the pathogenesis from the view of the immune-regulation function of CD4+ T-cells. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, our results showed that IL-10 deficiency reduced the percentage of macrophages in mouse MPE and regulated M1/M2 polarization in vivo and in vitro. The migration capacity of tumor cells was suppressed, and apoptosis was promoted when tumor cells were co-cultured with MPE macrophages in the absence of IL-10. Messenger RNA sequencing of MPE macrophages showed that S100A9 was downregulated in IL-10−/− mice. Bone marrow–derived macrophages obtained from wild-type mice transfected with S100A9-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) also showed less M2 and more M1 polarization than those from the siRNA control group. Furthermore, downregulation of S100A9 using S100A9-specific siRNA suppressed MPE development, decreased macrophages, and modulated macrophage polarization in MPE in vivo. In conclusion, S100A9 plays a vital role in the process of IL-10 deficiency–mediated MPE suppression by regulating M1/M2 polarization, thus influencing the tumor-migration capacity and apoptosis. This could result in clinically applicable strategies to inhibit the formation of MPE by regulating the polarization of MPE macrophages.
Bacteria distribution and drug resistance of a tertiary teaching hospital between 2020 and 2021 in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Liu Lili , Huang Yuan , Wang Yaping , Liu Kang , Li Xiaoyue
Published: February 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide problem.This study aimed to analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of hospital to provide evidence for clinical rational drug use and prevention and control of hospital acquired infection.
Methods: All data were obtained by the application of WHONET 5.6 software. The tested data of microbial specimens were collected during 2 years study period (January 2020- December 2021) to analyze and summarize the pathogens distribution with their resistance spectrum.
Results: We isolated 3246 pathogen strains from inpatients during 2020-2021, including 2434 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (75.0%) and 812 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (25.0%). The top five strains were Escherichia coli (26.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (11.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (8.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (8.9%). Bacteria were mainly isolated from urine (31.2%), sputum (26.6%), secretions(20.1%) and blood samples (16.6%). The top three departments of isolation were ICU, Urology Surgery, Neurosurgery Dept. The resistance rates of the main gram-negative bacilli to the second and third generation cephalosporins were between 42%-55%, P. aeruginosa was sensitive to most antibiotics, A. baumannii was generally resistant to common antibiotics. S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) were 100% sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, teicolanin and tegacycline. For most antibiotics, methicillin-resistant S. aureus showed a higher resistance rate to the same antibiotic compared to methicillin-sensitive S.aureus. E. faecalis wasmore sensitive to antibiotics than E. faecium. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was detected as 83.7% in 2021. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae increased with Serratia marcescens as a representative. The resistance rate to ertapenem of Serratia marcescens reached to 88.9%.
Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main bacteria detected. A. baumannii has severe drug resistance. Most multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) increased by years. It is very necessary to strengthen the rational application of antimicrobial agents and implement the combined prevention measures of MDRO.
Small peptides isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of Pneumatophorus japonicus head have protective effects on GES-1 cells against alcohol damage
Authors: Tang Yi-Ying , Gao Ming-Hui , Zhang Jie-Shuai , Tao Ning-ping , Wang Xi-Chang , Wang Ping , Deng Shang-Gui , Hong Miao-Si , Lu Ying , Yang Jing-Ya , Xu Chang-Hua H.
Published: February 2023

Stomach mucosal damage posed a great impact on stomach health and may escalated to stomach cancer. Given that gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) were the foremost essential part of gastric mucosal defense barrier, their repair and protection were crucial for gastric strengthening. In this study, based on "macro-micro-nano-level" molecular spectroscopy, a multi-scale in-situ analysis approach of microscopic imaging, complemented by cellular biological methods, was proposed to systematically investigate the dynamic regulation of home-developed Pneumatophorus japonicus head peptides (PHPs) on the visual-chemical structure and composition distribution of alcohol-damaged GES-1, and subsequently to reveal the interaction mechanism between PHPs and GES-1 components. The results showed that 3-10 kDa PHPs had superior repair and protection effects compared to gastric mucin, significantly promoted cell proliferation, reduced the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). It was deduced that PHPs promoted synthesis of glycoproteins, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus achieving protection and repair functions on GES-1. This study provided theoretical and technical reference for the development of new natural gastric repair peptide products with high activity in future.
Construction of model Hamiltonians for the transition-metal impurities via the QSGW method
Authors: Saito Harutaka , Suzuki Katsuhiro , Sato Kazunori , Kotani Takao
Published: February 2023

We show a method to construct model Hamiltonians for describing multiplet excitations of transition-metal impurities. Here we treat systems of a transition metal substituting Al in α-Al2O3. Based on the results of quasiparticle self-consistent GW (QSGW) calculations for the systems, we construct the model Hamiltonian of 3d orbitals. We determine not only the crystal field parameters but also the parameters of effective interactions based on the theoretical correspondence between QSGW calculations and the model Hamiltonian, and investigate systematic change of these parameters. Finally, we discuss the structures of multiplet excitations calculated from these parameters.
Developing a Model of Employee Well-being Antecedents through an Integrated Literature Review
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Kang Jisoo , Seo Yebin , Nam Chaemin , Kim Namhee
Published: February 2023

Employee well-being affects not only employees themselves but also the performance of the whole organization. The purpose of this research was to review the current literature on the antecedents of employee well-being and to integrate the findings on employee well-being antecedents into a multilevel model. We examined the definitions of employee well-being in multiple disciplines and how it has been conceptualized in the literature. We also identified the antecedents and presented a framework systematically classifying the wide array of employee well-being antecedents, which resulted in a proposed model integrating antecedents of employee well-being that have been identified in the literature. A total of 54 studies of employee welll-being published in academic journals were selected, and following five areas were suggested: individual employee's psychological and physical trait, family/social support, work/home system, organizational resources and industry and culture.
Korean Workers' Adaptive Experience of Work From Home (WFH) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Park Jiwon , Han Soo Jeoung , Choi Yuyeon
Published: February 2023

Although work from home (WFH) programs have been recognized as beneficial for both employees and organizations, they had not caught the attention of Korean organizations because, culturally, it was unusual for Korean employees to perform their tasks outside of the workplace. However, the COVID-19 pandemic inevitably forced Korean organizations to implement WFH programs, and thus many employees experienced such programs for the first time during COVID-19. This study aims to explore the adaptive experiences of Korean employees to new WFH programs by analyzing the adaptation process based on a grounded theory approach. To this end, we interviewed 20 Korean employees working in the business sector. Our findings show that although at first the participants felt anxious about the uncontrollable situation, they tried to adapt quickly to the new non-face-to-face working style. They developed their own individual strategies (i.e., self-management and self-leadership) to maintain work resources and to separate work from family in the process of adaptation in order to achieve and provide evidence for superior job performance. Based on these findings, we suggest some theoretical and practical implications for human resource development and discuss recommendations for further research.
Spojrzenie na Vanitas Antoniego de Peredy
Authors: Czernicki Cyprian
Published: February 2023

W tej pracy autor podejmuje próbę interpretacji obrazu Vanitas Antoniego de Peredy. We wstępie malarstwo Peredy osadzone zostaje w szerszym kontekście sztuki hiszpańskiej z okresu baroku, w oparciu o literaturę z zakresu historii sztuki. Następnie autor przechodzi do próby interpretacji treści obrazu, w której korzysta z fragmentów Księgi Koheleta. Której motywy zgodnie z przypuszczeniem autora mogły być jedną z inspiracji dla samego Peredy.
Koncepcja płciowości w ujęciu ks. Prof. Janusza Nagórnego
Authors: Polonka Adam
Published: February 2023

Płciowość otrzymana przez człowieka w akcie stwórczym jest dla niego zadaniem i winna prowadzić do odkrywania komplementarności płci zgodnie ze swoim wyposażeniem ontycznym. Współczesne koncepcje gender zawężające płeć do kategorii kulturowej uniemożliwiają pełne wybrzmienie istoty człowieka, który został stworzony jako mężczyzna i kobieta. Dlatego ważne jest rozwijanie katolickiej wizji płciowości, w której ukazując bogactwo powołania człowieka, zostanie też wskazana rola komplementarnej więzi mężczyzny i kobiety na płaszczyźnie ducha i ciała. Ks. prof. Nagórny doskonale znając nauczanie papieża Jana Pawła II na temat teologii ciała, twórczo je rozwinął wskazując na komplementarność duchowego i cielesnego wymiaru płciowości, który realizuje się w jedności kobiety i mężczyzny.
EU trade dynamics and the European model in the context of new globalization patterns and global governance
Authors: Bongardt Annnette , Torres Francisco
Published: February 2023

This article argues that European Union (EU) trade dynamics and (old and new) globalization challenges cannot be seen in isolation from their implications for the European (economic, social, environmental) model. The EU, a staunch defender of free trade and multilateralism, faces an increasingly messy international trading system and new realities that affect its external trade (environmental and geopolitical considerations, industrial policy). Its quest to promote external trade may however sit uneasily with European values, to which EU trade policy reviews pay tribute by letter, most recently enshrining the objectives of the European Green Deal. This article questions the EU’s unfettered defence of the European model in practice through its new generation trade agreements, which are a chief embodiment of its trade policy. Those increasingly stretch into non-traditional areas, which implies that they feed back into the European model in a way that traditional trade agreements have not, via multiple channels, including regulation (standards, also environmental and labour) or investor protection clauses. The issue whether the EU privileges trade over the European model is reflected in the difficulty to find a necessary consensus among member states to ensure the ratification of recent deep trade agreements.
Narrative Review on the Trend of Childbirth in South Korea and Feasible Intervention to Reduce Cesarean Section Rate
Authors: Kim Saerom , Oh Jeong-Won , Yun Jung-Won
Published: February 2023

In this study, we explored the current childbirth trend in South Korea to provide recent evidence on determinants of the cesarean section rate (CSR) and related policy interventions. We utilized national health insurance claim data to analyze the CSR. We also conducted a narrative review on factors associated with the CSR and examined evidence about interventions to reduce it. The CSR is rising in Korea; simultaneously, the overall number of births is declining. In 2012, 469,000 women gave birth, and 26.9% underwent a cesarean section. In 2021, 249,000 women gave birth, and 58.7% experienced a cesarean section. The CSR among women under age 25 was 26.7% in 2012, but by the first quarter of 2022, it was 51.6%. In 2012, the CSR in women aged 25–34 years was 34.9%; by the first quarter of 2022, it was 58.3%. We synthesized evidence on the determinants of CSR in three dimensions: users, providers, and systems. We also explored recent evidence on policy interventions to reduce the CSR, focusing on women and families, providers, and hospitals. Despite the rapid increase in the CSR in the last decade, efforts to investigate childbirth choice and women’s experiences have been insufficient. We could not locate systematic initiatives in the research community or government to lower the rate. More patient-centered efforts to reduce the high CSR rate are needed.
Relationship between Peer Relationships and Problematic Smartphone Use among Female Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Depression
Authors: Lee Eun Jee , Park Chan Mi , Kim Hyeon Ok
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study examined the mediating effects of depression on the relationship between peer relationships and problematic smartphone use in female adolescents.Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2018, a national survey conducted by Korea’s National Youth Policy Institute. Data from 1,141 female adolescents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with independent t-test and 1-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. The significance of the mediating effect was verified using PROCESS macro model 4.Results: The direct effects of both positive and negative peer relationships increased problematic smartphone use in female adolescents. Negative peer relationships increased problematic smartphone use via the mediating effects of depression, whereas positive peer relationships reduced problematic smartphone use via the mediating effects of depression.Conclusion: Problematic smartphone use among female adolescents can be reduced by lowering the incidence of depression and developing interventions aimed at helping them resolve conflicts with friends and cope with negative emotions.
Effects of massage therapy on depression in post partum mothers
Authors: Udayani Ni Putu Mirah Yunita , Aswitami Ni Gusti Ayu Pramita , Dina Saraswati Putu Ayu , Ardi Ni Made Septiari Maryani
Published: February 2023

Background: A mental illness known as postpartum depression can develop following the delivery of a child. It is a primary focus in midwifery care since postpartum depression still occurs at a high rate in Indonesia, between 11% and 30%. The lack of social support from the mother's closest friends and family, the mother's continued discomfort after giving birth, the pain in her perineal wound, and her psychological unpreparedness for parenthood, according to several studies, are support factors that contribute to postpartum depression. The health of the mother, the baby, and the family are all negatively impacted by postpartum depression. Postpartum mothers who have postpartum depression will have a reduced capacity to care for children, less interest in their infants, and will not react well or favorably to infants. Mothers will also become sluggish.

Objective: To determine the effect of massage therapy on the level of depression in postpartum women.

Methods: This research is a Quasy Experiment with Pre-Posttest Design With nonequivalent Control Group with 58 postpartum mothers as respondents. Respondents were divided into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group will be given massage therapy once a week for 4 weeks, while the control group will be given postnatal general care. Both groups were measured for post partum depression by pretest-posttest using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a computer program.

Results : The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant difference in the decrease in the EPDS score in the two groups (p-value 0.000).

Conclusions: This study shows that massage therapy is effective in reducing depression in postpartum women at the Mengwi I Health Center, Badung Regency.
The effect of stimulation smart book educative game tool on improving fine motor skills for early childhood
Authors: Oktaviani Eva , Setiyono Imawan Eko
Published: February 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global wave of crises that have a massive impact on all aspects of life. The world of education, especially learning activities, is also an impact that is in the spotlight. The change in learning activities from face-to-face to distance learning makes it difficult for early childhood education levels. Studies prove the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on disorders of fine motor development in children aged 3-4 years with a high category of 60.71%. Early age is the golden age of rapid child development, so positive stimulation is needed for optimal growth and development. An important aspect that affects the overall development of children is fine motor skills. Fine motor skills can be developed through various fun activities through the smart book educational game tool.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of smart book educational game stimulation on fine motor skills in early childhood.

Methods: This research was an action research with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Stimulation using smart books was carried out for five days with 90 minutes. The number of samples was 80 PAUD children, consisting of 40 children in the intervention group who were given smart book stimulation and 40 children in the control group without smart book stimulation only using conventional educational game tools that are usually done in everyday schools. Statistical test using general linear model + posthoc bonferroni.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect on the fine motor skills of early childhood who were given smart book stimulation and those that were not given with a p value of 0.001.

Conclusions: Educational game-based learning can be used to stimulate children's fine motor skills and is expected to be integrated into children's learning activities with various methods.
Three-Day Monitoring of Adhesive Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Patch for Premature Ventricular Complex: Prospective Study for Diagnosis Validation and Evaluation of Burden Fluctuation (Preprint)
Authors: Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Choi Eue-Keun , Lee So-Ryoung , Kwon Soonil , Song Hee-Seok , Lee Young-Shin , Oh Seil
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices are used worldwide. However, data on the diagnostic yield of an adhesive single-lead ECG patch (SEP) to detect premature ventricular complex (PVC) and the optimal duration of wearing an SEP for PVC burden assessment are limited.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to validate the diagnostic yield of an SEP (mobiCARE MC-100, Seers Technology) for PVC detection and evaluate the PVC burden variation recorded by the SEP over a 3-day monitoring period.

METHODS

This is a prospective study of patients with documented PVC on a 12-lead ECG. Patients underwent simultaneous ECG monitoring with the 24-hour Holter monitor and SEP on the first day. On the subsequent second and third days, ECG monitoring was continued using only SEP, and a 3-day extended monitoring was completed. The diagnostic yield of SEP for PVC detection was evaluated by comparison with the results obtained on the first day of Holter monitoring. The PVC burden monitored by SEP for 3 days was used to assess the daily and 6-hour PVC burden variations. The number of patients additionally identified to reach PVC thresholds of 10%, 15%, and 20% during the 3-day extended monitoring by SEP and the clinical factors associated with the higher PVC burden variations were explored.

RESULTS

The recruited data of 134 monitored patients (mean age, 54.6 years; males, 45/134, 33.6%) were analyzed. The median daily PVC burden of these patients was 2.4% (IQR 0.2%-10.9%), as measured by the Holter monitor, and 3.3% (IQR 0.3%-11.7%), as measured in the 3-day monitoring by SEP. The daily PVC burden detected on the first day of SEP was in agreement with that of the Holter monitor: the mean difference was –0.07%, with 95% limits of agreement of –1.44% to 1.30%. A higher PVC burden on the first day was correlated with a higher daily (R2=0.34) and 6-hour burden variation (R2=0.48). Three-day monitoring by SEP identified 29% (12/42), 18% (10/56), and 7% (4/60) more patients reaching 10%, 15%, and 20% of daily PVC burden, respectively. Younger age was additionally associated with the identification of clinically significant PVC burden during the extended monitoring period (P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

We found that the mobiCARE MC-100 SEP accurately detects PVC with comparable diagnostic yield to the 24-hour Holter monitor. Performing 3-day PVC monitoring with SEP, especially among younger patients, may offer a pragmatic alternative for identifying more individuals exceeding the clinically significant PVC burden threshold.

CLINICALTRIAL
Evaluation of Eye Gaze Dynamics During Physician-Patient-Computer Interaction in Federally Qualified Health Centers: Systematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Almansour Amal , Montague Enid , Furst Jacob , Raicu Daniela
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Understanding the communication between physicians and patients can identify areas where they can improve and build stronger relationships. This led to better patient outcomes including increased engagement, enhanced adherence to treatment plan, and a boost in trust.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates eye gaze directions of physicians, patients, and computers in naturalistic medical encounters at Federally Qualified Health Centers to understand communication patterns given different patients’ diverse backgrounds. The aim is to support the building and designing of health information technologies, which will facilitate the improvement of patient outcomes.

METHODS

Data were obtained from 77 videotaped medical encounters in 2014 from 3 Federally Qualified Health Centers in Chicago, Illinois, that included 11 physicians and 77 patients. Self-reported surveys were collected from physicians and patients. A systematic analysis approach was used to thoroughly examine and analyze the data. The dynamics of eye gazes during interactions between physicians, patients, and computers were evaluated using the lag sequential analysis method. The objective of the study was to identify significant behavior patterns from the 6 predefined patterns initiated by both physicians and patients. The association between eye gaze patterns was examined using the Pearson chi-square test and the Yule Q test.

RESULTS

The results of the lag sequential method showed that 3 out of 6 doctor-initiated gaze patterns were followed by patient-response gaze patterns. Moreover, 4 out of 6 patient-initiated patterns were significantly followed by doctor-response gaze patterns. Unlike the findings in previous studies, doctor-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were not leading patients’ eye gaze. Moreover, patient-initiated eye gaze behavior patterns were significant in certain circumstances, particularly when interacting with physicians.

CONCLUSIONS

This study examined several physician-patient-computer interaction patterns in naturalistic settings using lag sequential analysis. The data indicated a significant influence of the patients’ gazes on physicians. The findings revealed that physicians demonstrated a higher tendency to engage with patients by reciprocating the patient’s eye gaze when the patient looked at them. However, the reverse pattern was not observed, suggesting a lack of reciprocal gaze from patients toward physicians and a tendency to not direct their gaze toward a specific object. Furthermore, patients exhibited a preference for the computer when physicians directed their eye gaze toward it.

CLINICALTRIAL
Correction: Personalized Precision Medicine for Health Care Professionals: Development of a Competency Framework (Preprint)
Authors: Martin-Sanchez Fernando , Lázaro Martín , López-Otín Carlos , Andreu Antoni L , Cigudosa Juan Cruz , Garcia-Barbero Milagros
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
The Relationship Between Export Market Orientation and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Main and Moderator Effects
Authors: Abdul-Talib Asmat-Nizam , Mohd-Zamani Siti-Norhasmaedayu , Abd-Razak Ili-Salsabila
Published: February 2023

Despite various studies into the relationship between performance and the ex­port market orientation, researchers still argue that the current findings remain mixed and inconclusive. In this study, the authors use meta-analytic techniques to examine the relationship between the export market orientation and performance, and the impact of firm-level, industry-level and country-level moderators using a total sample of 10,758 firms in 51 manuscripts from 19 countries. In particular, this study focuses on the nature of incongruent findings across studies conducted in different contexts around the globe. The results reveal that market orientation has a positive overall relationship with export­ers’ revenue-based and profit-based performance. Moreover, the moderated regression analysis results indicate that the type of construct (general versus export-specific) and firm size moderate the relationship between the export market orientation and perfor­mance. The results also reveal that market turbulence, competitive intensity, and techno­logical turbulence are significant industry-level moderators of the relationship between the market orientation and performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by aggregating the empirical evidence from the past literature and providing conclusive results that are beneficial for practitioners and researchers.
Советский геополитический проект в МНР и проблемы демографии в середине 1920-х – начале 1940-х гг.
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Bashkuev Vsevolod Yu. , Miyagasheva Surzhana B.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The Soviet-Mongolian public health cooperation was a major component of the Soviet project (with geopolitical motives) aimed at modernizing the nomadic society. The Soviet shaping of Mongolia’s public health institutions not only yielded an efficient tool of soft power and neutralized competition from other medical systems, but also set the stage for the country’s demographic well-being in subsequent periods. Goals. The article aims at highlighting some pivotal points of medical efforts undertaken to improve the MPR’s demographic situation in the 1920s to 1940s. Materials and methods. The study analyzes documents housed at the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Sociopolitical History, examines some unpublished dissertations authored by Mongolian and Russian physicians. The employed research methods include the retrospective, comparative, and geopolitical ones. Results. In the 1920s to 1940s, the key problems of Mongolia’s demography were social diseases, primarily syphilis and gonorrhea, that reduced reproductive capacities and caused increased infant mortality, these having been aggravated by traditional obstetric practices and unsanitary conditions of nomadic life. The former were adversely affecting the entire course of socialist modernization and hindering socioeconomic development of the nation. The anti-venereal disease campaign, establishment of maternity and child health services, development of pre-schools, and health education for women laid the early groundwork for a dramatic health transition. Conclusions. The efforts of Soviet physicians at earliest stages of the MPR’s healthcare system development ensured the growth of demographic indicators in the 1940s–1960s, namely: a two-fold decrease in infant mortality paralleled by increased birth rates, and a population growth of 60 %. So, all that served a basis for the comprehensive implementation of Mongolia’s socialist modernization project, which had geopolitical significance both for the Soviets and the MPR, the latter to have become a full member of the UN and the CMEA after 1961.
Кризис урбанизации в Магаданской области (конец 1980-х – 2010-е гг.): динамика структурных и демографических показателей
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation), Breslavsky Anatoliy S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The analysis of urbanization processes experienced by Magadan Oblast in recent decades is a most important component in understanding essentials and peculiarities of the urbanization agenda in the whole of Russia’s Far East. Historical experiences of the region attest to that urbanization processes across the eastern economic regions of Russia are highly dependent on actual conditions and prospects of mining industries, presence / absence of paternalism in policies of federal and regional authorities towards urban settlements that show no promise for further industrial development. So, mining and government support have deepest impacts on urbanization processes in Magadan Oblast. Goals. The study aims at analyzing key results of the Soviet urbanization program across Magadan Oblast, certain structural and demographic transformations of the region’s urban settlement network that took place in the 1990s to 2010s. Materials and methods. The work employs a set of general scientific tools, the statistical method, and those of specifically historical research (e.g., the chronological one) — for analytical insights into official statistics, national, regional and local regulations. Results. The study shows the urbanization crisis in the region is associated with its deindustrialization in the 1990s–2000s. The decline of the entire urban settlement network has manifested itself in both structural and demographical patterns. Two cities of the region — Magadan and Susuman — have experienced significant population losses, though still retaining their ‘city’ status. Meanwhile, 15 out of 34 urban-type settlements had been abandoned or abolished by the early 2020s. The policy of abolishing depressed settlements has been developed in the region, which is supported by federal and regional programs that facilitate resettlement — from districts of the Extreme North and rural localities to the capital city of Magadan. The urban population has reduced by 58.6 % during the mentioned period, while the dramatic rural population decrease of 90 % means that the region’s internal urbanization resources are almost completely exhausted. Conclusions. Urbanization prospects in the region are primarily tied to somewhat further development of Magadan and its agglomeration, the latter to include two near-capital districts in the south. At the same time, new projects of economic development in the region are increasingly associated with activities of shift workers’ townships.
History of the Savirs/Suvars: Evidence from Archaeology
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS (3, Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), Salmin Anton K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The paper examines some archaeological evidence for a line of continuity between the Savirs (an ethnic group that had inhabited the Caucasus up to the mid-1st millennium CE), the Suvars (who were part of the northward migration of the Bulgar tribal federation to the middle reaches of the Volga later in the 1st millennium CE), and the present-day Chuvash people (first attested under that name in the early 16th century). Goals. The article aims to shed light on the history of ancestors of the Chuvash. Materials. Pottery and other artefacts support the link postulated to exist between the mentioned ethnic groups from different periods in history, while other archaeological discoveries indicate what connected them to and what distinguished them from their neighbors, suggest how they lived, and show the persistence of certain traditions and practices up to date. Results. Excavations of archaeologists from Makhachkala reject the version of the mid-fifth-century migration of Savirs from the region of Derbent towards southeastern Ciscaucasia allegedly because of the Pseudo-Avars that had arrived from Siberia. In fact, such movement resulted from the offensive of Sassanid Iran. The paper also reviews burial grounds located in Kizilyurtovsky District of Dagestan. The analysis of archaeological evidence confirms there is a continuity of black-and-gray pottery from the North Caucasus and Volga Bulgaria.
Башкирская рукопись «Усерган таварихы»
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., 450054 Ufa, Russian Federation), Abdrafikova Gulnara Kh. , Igdavletov Ilshat S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Bashkortostan is one of Russia’s major center of Arabic-script publications and manuscripts. The latter include quite a number of handwritten documents that contain valuable material on the history of the region. The article examines one of such texts — an understudied historical document titled ‘Usergan Tavarikhy’. Goals. The work aims to provide a brief review of the manuscript’s content and focuses on data directly related to Bashkir history. Materials. The paper analyzes one anonymous Arabic-script Turki-language manuscript of Usergan Tavarikhy stored at Ufa Federal Research Centre (Scientific Library, Rare Book Section). Results. The anonymous source proves quite rich in material describing most important periods in the history of the region. The author tends to focus on external factors that had had their impacts on Bashkir history, such as the spread of Islam, Mongol invasion and embassy to Genghis Khan, relations with Nogais under the rule of the Nogai Horde, and the beginnings of Russia’s period. The document begins with legends about saints and prophets. A significant part of the manuscript deals with genealogies of the Golden Horde rulers introduced in the form of diagrams and supplemented with comments. Conclusions. The Usergan Tavarikhy manuscript is certainly a valuable historical source that examines not only the past of Bashkirs but rather covers far more extensive geographic areas. And despite the document is widely known as ‘tawarikh’, its content makes it closer to the historical and functional genre of tarikhname.
Названия неба в монгольских языках: этимология и семантика
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (bldg. 1/1, Bolshoi Kislovodsky St., Moscow 125009, Russian Federation), Dybo Anna V. , Kukanova Viktoria V. , Mirzaeva Saglara V. , Bembeev Evgeny V. , Mushaev Vladimir N.  , Khoninov Vyacheslav N. ,   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation),   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin street, 358000 Elista, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The articles examines etymologies and semantics of Mongolic words denoting the sky. The system of astronomical terms in Mongolic languages is structurally complicated due to multiple layers of pre-Buddhist, Buddhist and other beliefs adopted by proto-Mongols. Goals. The work aims to identify etymological and semantic dominants characterizing this thematic group within the common Mongolic vocabulary. The concept of sky clusters with most basic ones, and lexemes to denote it are to be found in each and every language. Materials and methods. The study examines dictionaries of Mongolic languages, involves reliable proto-Mongolian lexical reconstructions by H. Nugteren and O. Mudrak. Furthermore, the paper analyzes various etymological works and Altaic dictionaries, as well as databases on semantic transitions and colexifications. Results. The Mongolic vocabularies contain four lexemes denoting the sky and two for air/airspace — all of them being largely associated with different beliefs and faiths across different areas and in different eras. So, the word *teŋgeri attests to some elements of the cult of heaven had been practiced by earliest Mongols and the latter had maintained contacts with Turkic groups. The second lexeme *hogtorgui is a Buddhist scholarly term semantically derived from the one denoting emptiness, i.e. a suggested semantic calque from the Sanskrit word that was borrowed to northern Mongolic languages from translated texts of the Buddhist Canon. The third name *köke is a hapax from the Muqaddimat al-Adab that may have arrived in western Middle Mongolian from Chagatai Turkic. The fourth word *asman is a later borrowing from Persian to vocabularies of Muslim Mongols, sometimes via Turkic languages. The fifth lexical unit *agaɣar may have been included from Buddhist Sanskrit, and the sixth word *kei — from Middle Chinese. The unexpected conclusion is that the original proto-Mongolian word to have denoted the sky simply cannot be reconstructed. Evidently, the ancient word had been displaced by the loanwords throughout most intensive cultural contacts.
Del derecho al trabajo digno al régimen laboral neoliberal: captura estatal y autoritarismo en el Ecua-dor contemporáneo
Authors: Guaman Hernández Adoración , Stoessel Soledad
Published: February 2023

El texto tiene como objetivo abordar el modo en que se reinstaló en Ecuador el régimen laboral neoliberal a partir de 2017 aún en un marco constitucional caracterizado por una orientación tuitiva del trabajo. La hipótesis que sostiene el texto afirma que la acelerada renovación del modelo de regulación laboral fue posible por la permeabilidad estatal a la agenda del Fondo Monetario Internacional y de las elites económicas comprometidas con el organismo, sumado a la debilidad del campo organizativo popular para hacer frente a dicha agenda. El artículo recoge resultados de una investigación que abordó el problema de modo interdisciplinario, en una articulación entre el derecho laboral, la sociología del derecho y la sociología política. Los hallazgos de la investigación apuntan que el proceso de retorno neoliberal en el campo de las relaciones y derechos laborales atravesó tres etapas. La primera se caracterizó por una pronta captura estatal por parte de las elites económicas. La segunda etapa se abrió con la llegada del FMI al país y la concomitante puesta en marcha de un conjunto de medidas neoliberales, y la última etapa se inauguró con la aparición de la pandemia, que actuó como catalizador para la implementación final del ajuste estructural.
La discriminación en las convocatorias laborales
Authors: Soberanes Díez José María
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar de qué manera opera la prohibición de discriminar en las convocatorias laborales, para verificar si es un límite a la libertad contractual de un sujeto privado y, en su caso, de qué manera debe operar la igualdad por tratarse del ofrecimiento de celebración de un acto jurídico entre particulares.
Microfinance as a Tool of Socio Economic Empowerment of Rural Women
Authors: Borthakur Aradhana , Boruah Pritirekha
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Micro finance has become a tool of empowering the underprivileged people in the society. It plays a prominent role in the developing countries of Asia. These countries are having lots of success stories where the poor and backward people could manage to have sustainable source of revenue for themselves through microfinance. It is observed that in maximum cases women are plying a vital role in the use of micro finance through the self help groups (SHGs). This paper tries to see the impact of micro finance on the rural women of Assam - a state which is very near to Bangladesh, the country where microfinance has got tremendous response from the women folk. Through the research it was tried to see the impact of microfinance from the socio economic perspective of the North East India. The paper is based on primary data collected from the women respondents of rural area who have experience of working with the SHGs. The paper concluded that the micro finance has contributed to the empowerment of women in rural Assam and hence micro finance has a great future in this part of India.