bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/low‐density polyethylene composites filled with date palm leaf fiber
Authors: Maou Samira , Meghezzi Ahmed , Nebbache Nadia , Meftah Yazid
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blends, at three different concentrations: 20, 50, and 80 wt% of LDPE. Besides, composite samples that were prepared from PVC/LDPE blend reinforced with different date palm leaf fiber (DPLF) content, 10, 20, and 30 wt%, were also studied. The sample in which PVC/LDPE (20 wt%/80 wt%) had the greatest tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus. The good thermal stability of this sample can be seen that T10% and T20% occurred at higher temperatures compared to others blends. DPLF slightly improved the tensile strength of the polymer blend matrix at 10 wt% (C10). The modulus of the composites increased significantly with increasing filler content. Ageing conditions at 80°C for 168 h slightly improved the mechanical properties of composites. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs showed that morphological properties of tensile fracture surface are in accordance with the tensile properties of these blends and composites. Thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry show that the thermal degradation of PVC/LDPE (20 wt%/80 wt%) blend and PVC/LDPE/DPLF (10 and 30 wt%) composites took place in two steps: in the first step, the blend was more stable than the composites. In the second step, the composites showed a slightly better stability than the PVC/LDPE (20 wt%/80 wt%) blend. Based on the above investigation, these new green composites (PVC/LDPE/DPLF) can be used in several applications. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E88–E93, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Large U(1) charges in F-theory
Authors: Raghuram Nikhil , Taylor Washington
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We show that massless fields with large abelian charges (up to at least q = 21) can be constructed in 6D F-theory models with a U(1) gauge group. To show this, we explicitly construct F-theory Weierstrass models with nonabelian gauge groups that can be broken to U(1) theories with a variety of large charges. Determining the maximum abelian charge allowed in such a theory is key to eliminating what seems currently to be an infinite swampland of apparently consistent U(1) supergravity theories with large charges.
Left Hepatectomy with Combined Resection and Reconstruction of Right Hepatic Artery for Bismuth Type I and II Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Nakagawa Masahiro , Uesaka Katsuhiko
Published: October 2018

Background

Right hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy (RHx) is considered an appropriate procedure for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in terms of its anatomical and oncological aspect. However, validity of left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy (LHx) concomitant with arterial resection and reconstruction (AR) is not fully evaluated.

Methods

The patients who underwent surgical resection for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma between 2002 and 2013 were studied. The standard procedure for Bismuth type I/II cholangiocarcinoma in the institute was RHx, while in patients who had insufficient functional reserve of the left liver, LHx was selected, irrespective of the necessity of AR. The clinicopathologic and perioperative outcomes after LHx + AR were compared with those after RHx.

Results

The surgical procedures comprised LHx + AR in 12 and RHx in 24. The left liver volume and left liver functional reserve were significantly lower with LHx + AR than with RHx (left liver volume: 28.0 vs. 33.7%, p = 0.026; estimated indocyanine green clearance of the left liver: 0.036 vs. 0.046, p < 0.001). The rate of surgical morbidity was almost identical between the two procedures. No arterial reconstruction‐related complications occurred. The overall 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates and median survival time were 66.7%, 41.7% and 44 months for LHx + AR and 70.8%, 49.0% and 57 months for RHx (p = 0.640).

Conclusion

LHx + AR for Bismuth type I/II perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is considered to be a valid alternative to RHx in patients with an insufficient left liver functional reserve.
A framework for national climate indicators
Authors: Kenney Melissa A. , Janetos Anthony C. , Gerst Michael D.
Published: October 2018

Indicators have been proposed as critical elements for sustained climate assessment. Indicators provide a foundation for assessing change on an ongoing basis and presenting that information in a manner that is relevant to a broad range of decisions. As part of a sustained US National Climate Assessment, a pilot indicator system was implemented, informed by recommendations and (Kenney et al. 2014; Janetos and Kenney 2015; Kenney et al. Clim Chang 135(1):85–96, 2016). This paper extends this work to recommend a framework and topical categories for a system of climate indicators for the nation. We provide an overview of the indicator system as a whole: its goals, the design criteria for the indicators and the system as a whole, the selection of sectors, the use of conceptual models to transparently identify relevant indicators, examples of the actual indicators proposed, our vision for how the overall network can be used, and how it could evolve over time. Individual papers as part of this special issue provide system or sector-specific details as to how to operationalize the conceptual framework; these recommendations do not imply any decisions that are made ultimately by US federal agencies.
Integrating Active Learning into Paleontology Classes
Authors: Olcott Alison N.
Published: October 2018

The educational benefits of replacing in-class lectures with hands-on activities are clear. Such active learning is a natural fit for paleontology, which can provide opportunities for examining fossils, analyzing data and writing. Additionally, there are a number of topics in the field that are exciting to geology majors and non-majors alike: very few can resist the lure of dinosaurs, huge meteor impacts, vicious Cretaceous sharks or a giant Pleistocene land mammal. However, it can seem difficult to introduce these techniques into a large general education class full of non-majors: paleontological specimens provide a natural starting point for hands-on classroom activities, but in a large class it is not always practical or possible to provide enough fossil material for all students. Here I will briefly introduce different types of active learning approaches, and then explain how I have applied these to a large introductory paleontology class for non-majors.
Paradigmatic Challenges in School Counselling: Correlates and Reflections on Practice
Authors: Sakız Halis , Sarıçalı Mehmet
Published: October 2018

We examined the paradigmatic position of school counsellors as it relates to their practice. A survey and interviews were conducted with counsellors, counsellor educators, and teachers. Findings demonstrated that counsellors lacked skills regarding theoretical orientation and applications, counselling practices remained arbitrary and less effective due to the confusion experienced in the adaptation and application of counselling approaches, and the confusion in paradigms stemmed from problems in the identification of local needs, direct transfer of Eurocentric paradigms, training, and professional roles.
Internal structure, active tectonics and dynamic topography of the eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe, Japan, and its tsunamigenic potential
Authors: Kawamura Kiichiro , Ogawa Yujiro
Published: October 2018

The eastern Nankai accretionary prism toe was surveyed to evaluate the nature and deformation of its frontal thrust. According to the determined porosities and yield strengths, turbidites were successively buried down to depths of 250–300 m before accretion, and were then exposed at the prism toe by uplift along the Tenryu frontal thrust during 3.4–1.98 Ma. Consolidation tests provided reasonable estimates of burial depth and, when combined with exposed sediment dates, yield prism toe uplift rates of 0.74–2.27 m ka–1. The displacement along the frontal thrust is estimated to be 500–900 m and the slip rates are 1.47–4.55 m ka–1, corresponding to the highest class of active faults on land in Japan. During the surveys of the Tenryu frontal thrust zone, we discovered a new active fault scarp that was several tens of centimetres high, interpreted to be a protothrust locatedc.100 m south of the frontal thrust. This scarp is associated with chemosynthetic biocommunities. The thrust might potentially be the result of displacement during the East Nankai (To-Nankai) earthquake (Mw8.1) in 1944. These lines of evidence indicate that the Tenryu frontal thrust is still active and that displacement along the thrust might induce a tsunami during future Tokai or To-Nankai earthquakes.
BRUSH TALK AS THE ‘LINGUA FRANCA’ OF DIPLOMACY IN JAPANESE–KOREAN ENCOUNTERS, c. 1600–1868
Authors: CLEMENTS REBEKAH
Published: October 2018

The study of early modern diplomatic history has in recent decades expanded beyond a bureaucratic, state-centric focus to consider the processes and personal interactions by which international relations were maintained. Scholars have begun to consider, among other factors, the role of diplomatic gifts, diplomatic hospitality, and diplomatic culture. This article contributes to this discussion from an East Asian perspective by considering the role of ‘brush talk’ – written exchanges of classical, literary Chinese – during diplomatic missions from the Korean Chosŏn court to the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan during the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Drawing upon official records, personal diaries, and illustrations, I argue that brush talk was not an official part of diplomatic ceremony and that brushed encounters with Korean officials even extended to people of the townsman classes. Brush talk was as much about ritual display, calligraphic art, and drawing upon a shared storehouse of civilized learning as it was about communicating factual content through language. These visual, performative aspects of brush talk in East Asian diplomacy take it beyond the realm of how alingua francais usually conceived, adding to the growing body of scholarship on how this concept applies to non-Western histories.
Finding the dead: bodies, bones and burials from the 1845 Franklin northwest passage Expedition
Authors: Stenton Douglas R.
Published: October 2018

On 22 April 1848, after three years in the Arctic, and 19 months spent ice-bound in northern Victoria Strait, the 105 surviving officers and crew of the Franklin Northwest Passage expedition deserted HMSErebusand HMSTerroras the first step of their escape plan. They assembled at a camp south of Victory Point on the northwest coast of King William Island and made the final preparations for the next step, a 400 km trek along the frozen seashores of King William Island and Adelaide Peninsula to the Back River. All of the men died before reaching their destination, and their remains have been found at 35 locations along the route of the retreat. These discoveries have played a central role in reenactments of events thought to have occurred during the failed attempt to reach the Back River and to the disastrous outcome of the expedition. This paper presents a summary of these findings and examines the criteria used to attribute them to the Franklin expedition. It is suggested that approximately one-third of the identifications have been based on information that is inadequate to confidently assign the human remains as those of Franklin expedition personnel.
Predicting first-episode psychosis patients who will never relapse over 10 years
Authors: Hui Christy LM , Honer William G , Lee Edwin HM , Chang WC , Chan Sherry KW , Chen Emily SM , Pang Edwin PF , Lui Simon SY , Chung Dicky WS , Yeung WS , Ng Roger MK , Lo William TL , Jones Peter B , Sham Pak , Chen Eric YH
Published: October 2018

Background

Although relapse in psychosis is common, a small proportion of patients will not relapse in the long term. We examined the proportion and predictors of patients who never relapsed in the 10 years following complete resolution of positive symptoms from their first psychotic episode.

Method

Patients who previously enrolled in a 12-month randomized controlled trial on medication discontinuation and relapse following first-episode psychosis (FEP) were followed up after 10 years. Relapse of positive symptoms was operationalized as a change from a Clinical Global Impression scale positive score of <3 for at least 3 consecutive months to a score of ⩾3 (mild or more severe). Baseline predictors included basic demographics, premorbid functioning, symptoms, functioning, and neurocognitive functioning.

Results

Out of 178 first-episode patients, 37 (21%) never relapsed during the 10-year period. Univariate predictors (p ⩽ 0.1) of patients who never relapsed included a duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) ⩽30 days, diagnosed with non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders, having less severe negative symptoms, and performing better in logical memory immediate recall and verbal fluency tests. A multivariate logistic regression analysis further suggested that the absence of any relapsing episodes was significantly related to better short-term verbal memory, shorter DUP, and non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conclusions

Treatment delay and neurocognitive function are potentially modifiable predictors of good long-term prognosis in FEP. These predictors are informative as they can be incorporated into an optimum risk prediction model in the future, which would help with clinical decision making regarding maintenance treatment in FEP.
De facto regulatory decision-making processes in telecommunications regulation: explaining influence relationships with exponential random graph models
Authors: González Camilo Ignacio , Verhoest Koen
Published: October 2018

Research on regulation has focussed on explaining the independence of sector regulators and assessing the effects of regulations on markets. This article broadens the scope of such research by studying and explaining how regulatory actors interact at the de facto level in a multi-actor regulatory arrangement when making regulatory decisions in the telecommunications sector of Colombia. We propose that regulatory decisions depend on the manner in which actors influence each other. In this article, we are not only focussing on the policy outcome itself but also on the regulatory decision-making process. We performed a social network analysis and used an exponential random graph model to analyse the data. Our findings suggest that actors’ level of influence is affected by the access they have to other organisations, the divergence of positions they have with these other organisations and the power resources of an organisation. In addition, there are structural network characteristics that affect regulatory decisionmaking.
Belgian temporary workers at end of working life: an intersectional lifecourse analysis
Authors: Burnay Nathalie
Published: October 2018

The sector of temporary employment agencies in Belgium has been growing for more than 20 years. If temporary work is seen primarily as a path into the workforce for young people, it also concerns seniors, in increasing proportions. The problematic of end-of-career temporary work was analysed from a dual perspective, considering the embedding of temporalities in advanced modernity and more broadly the ‘lifecourse’ paradigm. A typology was created based on qualitative analysis of 36 semi-structured interviews of temporary workers ⩾45 years old. Results demonstrate how the experiences of temporary workers nearing retirement depend on professional, familial and social paths, and also reveal the presence of different cultural models: What is the importance of work in construction of an identity? What standards and values are applied? How is social time prioritised according to these norms? These analyses incorporate an intersectional framework in which gender and social inequalities structure the lives of workers approaching the end of their careers.
A Q-learning approach based on human reasoning for navigation in a dynamic environment
Authors: Yuan Rupeng , Zhang Fuhai , Wang Yu , Fu Yili , Wang Shuguo
Published: October 2018

A Q-learning approach is often used for navigation in static environments where state space is easy to define. In this paper, a new Q-learning approach is proposed for navigation in dynamic environments by imitating human reasoning. As a model-free method, a Q-learning method does not require the environmental model in advance. The state space and the reward function in the proposed approach are defined according to human perception and evaluation, respectively. Specifically, approximate regions instead of accurate measurements are used to define states. Moreover, due to the limitation of robot dynamics, actions for each state are calculated by introducing a dynamic window that takes robot dynamics into account. The conducted tests show that the obstacle avoidance rate of the proposed approach can reach 90.5% after training, and the robot can always operate below the dynamics limitation.
Conceptual design and dimensional synthesis of a novel parallel mechanism for lower-limb rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Wen , Liu Haitao , Zhang Jianxin , Liu Songtao
Published: October 2018

This paper introduces a novel 2R1T parallel manipulator redundantly actuated by pneumatic muscles for lower-limb rehabilitation. First, the conceptual design of the proposed 3-DOF parallel mechanism is presented. Then, the inverse kinematics and the generalized Jacobian analysis are carried out. Based on the generalized Jacobian and the constraint characteristics of the mechanism, the force/motion transmissibility of the redundantly actuated parallel mechanism is investigatedviafour individual cases without actuation redundancy, leading to a suitable local transmission index for the evaluation of kinematic performance of the proposed mechanism. Finally, the design variables are optimized by maximizing the mean value of the local transmission index with the aid of genetic algorithm. The numerical result shows that the proposed parallel mechanism can achieve a good kinematic performance in its task workspace.
COMMENTS ON THE REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON SOCIAL PROGRESS, CHAPTERS 9 AND 14: INEQUALITY, DEMOCRACY AND THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: Rocha Menocal Alina
Published: October 2018

Over the past 30 years, the world has experienced a profound transformation, becoming both more open and more prosperous. Whereas in 1985 more than half of the countries worldwide were under authoritarian rule, most countries today are considered electoral democracies (Economist Intelligence Unit 2017). Since 1990, more than a billion people have been lifted out of extreme poverty (World Bank 2016), while well-being indicators have improved dramatically on a global level, especially in terms of health and education (International Idea 2017).
EXPLOITATION
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin , Veneziani Roberto
Published: October 2018

The notion of exploitation is prominent in political discourse and policy debates. It is central in analyses of labour relations, especially focusing on the weakest segments of the labour force including women and children (International Labour Office 2017a, 2017b). It features in controversies on surrogate motherhood (Wood 1995; Wertheimer 1996), and on drug-testing and the price of life-saving drugs, especially in developing countries.
Elimination of arrhythmogenesis after subtotal resection of congenital cardiac fibroma: a case report
Authors: Nabeshima Taisuke , Sato Seiichi , Nakayashiro Mami
Published: October 2018

Subtotal tumour resection is used to treat infants with congenital cardiac fibroma and medication-resistant ventricular arrhythmias; however, complete elimination of arrhythmogenic substrates has been unclear. A 4-month-old male infant with congenital cardiac fibroma and ventricular fibrillation underwent subtotal tumour resection and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Five years later, angiography revealed impending compression of the left coronary artery. Elimination of the arrhythmogenic substrate was confirmed and the device was removed successfully.
Childhood Executive Functioning Predicts Young Adult Outcomes in22q11.2Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Albert Avery B. , Abu-Ramadan Tamara , Kates Wendy R. , Fremont Wanda , Antshel Kevin M.
Published: October 2018

Objective:While individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for a variety of functional impairments and psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, not all individuals with 22q11DS experience negative outcomes. Efforts to further understand which childhood variables best predict adult functional outcomes are needed, especially those that investigate childhood executive functioning abilities.Methods:This longitudinal study followed 63 individuals with 22q11DS and 43 control participants over 9 years. Childhood executive functioning ability was assessed using both rater-based and performance-based measures and tested as predictors of young adult outcomes.Results:Childhood global executive functioning abilities and parent report of child executive functioning abilities were the most consistent predictors of young adult outcomes. The study group moderated the relationship between child executive functioning and young adult outcomes for several outcomes such that the relationships were stronger in the 22q11DS sample.Conclusion:Rater-based and performance-based measures of childhood executive functioning abilities predicted young adult outcomes in individuals with and without 22q11DS. Executive functioning could be a valuable target for treatment in children with 22q11DS for improving not only childhood functioning but also adult outcomes.(JINS,2018,24, 905–916)
al-Khansā’’s poem in -ālahā and its Qur’ānic echoes. The long and the short of it
Authors: HÄMEEN-ANTTILA JAAKKO
Published: October 2018

This article studies two questions related to al-Khansā'’smutaqāribpoem, rhyming in -ālahā: how was it changed through anthologisation and what is its relation to the Qur'ān and Surah 99? Whereas the six-verse excerpt in al-Mubarrad'sKāmilis full of Qur'ānic echoes, the Dīwān version of the poem has few such echoes. The analysis, however, opens up a possibility that the Qur'ān's first audience may well have recognised in Surah 99 features familiar to them frommarthiyas.
The consecration of Kumāra: The role of Thanesar and King Harṣa in the composition of the Skandapurāṇa
Authors: KROPMAN MARTINE P.
Published: October 2018

In‘The World of the Skandapurāṇa’, published in 2014, Hans T. Bakker presents a possible scenario for the composition of the Skandapurāṇa1(SP), dating its conception to the reign of the Maukhari king Avantivarman in the late sixth century and the completion of its first recension to the times of king Harṣa in the first half of the seventh. Because of the attention it receives in the text, Vārāṇasī is identified as the most likely place of origin;2the authors of the text belonged to the Pāśupata Śaivas, writing for a broad audience of mostly lay Māheśvaras.3In this paper I would like to comment on some aspects of this scenario by investigating the relations between the SP and king Harṣa – both his person and his region of origin, the kingdom of Thanesar. I will argue that there are internal indications that the original constituent parts of the text may originate from there — and that its further development may have been impacted by the political reality of Harṣa having come to power. My argument will consist of three parts: the first related to the geography of the sacred places mentioned in the SP, the second concerning the way Harṣa is alluded to in the chapters describing the birth and consecration of Skanda and the third about the expansion of the original, “core” part of the SP.
A review of global banking regulation under an assumption of complexity
Authors: Evans John , Li Yifei
Published: October 2018

The global banking system can be shown to be a Complex Adaptive System that exhibits phase transitions from time to time. These phase transitions can result in significant financial losses to the community that we estimate to be much more significant than losses occurring during “business as usual” periods. In this paper, we argue that the significant losses arising from phase transitions in the banking system requires a very different approach to regulation than the current Basel regime, and that there is a need to transition the Basel regime from a Federation of Systems to a System of Systems. We demonstrate that the World Health Organisation’s recent management system for pandemics is ideally suited for management of the global banking system and would have greater potential to control the phase transition losses than the current Basel system.
Distribution of fungi in a Triassic fern stem
Authors: Harper Carla J. , Galtier Jean , Taylor Thomas N. , Taylor Edith L. , Rößler Ronny , Krings Michael
Published: October 2018

Documented evidence of fungi associated with Mesozoic ferns is exceedingly rare. Three different types of fungal remains occur in a portion of a small, permineralised fern stem of uncertain systematic affinities from the Triassic of Germany. Exquisite preservation of all internal tissues made it possible to map the spatial distribution of the fungi in several longitudinal and transverse sections. Narrow, intracellular hyphae extend through the entire cortex, while wide hyphae are concentrated in the cortical intercellular system adjacent to the stele and leaf traces. Hyphal swellings occur in the phloem and adjacent cortex, while moniliform hyphae (or chains of conidia) are present exclusively in parenchyma adjacent to the stele. No host response is recognisable, but host tissue preservation suggests that the fern was alive during fungal colonisation. The highest concentration of fungal remains occurs close to the stele and leaf traces, suggesting that the fungi either utilised the vascular tissues as an infection/colonisation pathway or extracted nutrients from these tissues. This study presents the first depiction of fungal distribution throughout a larger portion of a fossil plant. Although distribution maps are useful tools in assessing fungal associations in relatively small, fossil plants, preparing similar maps for larger and more complex fossils would certainly be difficult and extremely arduous.
Poor Numbers: Statistical Chains and the Political Economy of Numbers
Authors: Labrousse Agnès
Published: October 2018

Morten Jerven'sPoor Numberssheds light on the acute fragility of African statistics, itself linked to the precarious conditions in which aggregates are produced. As patchy and problematic as they are, these numbers are nevertheless ubiquitous as instruments of proof and tools of government. Quantified fictions take shape in complex statistical chains that stretch from their producers to the economists who use them, and are mediated by international organizations. Focusing on the criterion of accuracy,Poor Numberspowerfully conveys its message of “garbage in, garbage out,” but leaves important questions related to the relevance of statistics unanswered. The history, sociology, and political economy of numbers sketched by Jerven merit closer consideration with a view to the following: identifying the connections between evolving state forms and the development of statistics; establishing a historical ethnography of the organizations that produce and use numbers; understanding the growing role of multinationals in the political economy of statistics; taking a less conciliatory view of the involvement of international organizations; and, last but not least, denaturalizing the dominant economic categories by integrating the plurality of economic approaches to statistics. The article concludes with a call for a comparative political economy of numbers that would no longer consider the African case in isolation, and would work against the idea that Africa has not entered statistical history, or has only done so “by mistake.”
GLOSSING THE GLOSS: READING PETER LOMBARD’SCOLLECTANEAON THE PAULINE EPISTLES AS A HISTORICAL ACT
Authors: O'HAGAN PETER
Published: October 2018

Peter Lombard's influential commentary on the Pauline Epistles, theCollectanea in omnes divi Pauli epistolas,has received little extended analysis in scholarly literature, despite its recognized importance both in its own right and as key for the development of hisSentences.This article presents a new approach to studying theCollectaneaby analyzing how Lombard's commentary builds on theGlossa “Ordinaria”on the Pauline Epistles. The article argues for treating theCollectaneaas a “historical act,” focusing on how Lombard engages with the biblical text and with authoritative sources within which he encounters the same biblical text embedded. The article further argues for the necessity of turning to the manuscripts of both theCollectaneaand theGlossa,rather than continuing to rely on inadequate early modern printed editions or thePatrologia Latina.The article then uses Lombard's discussion of faith at Romans 1:17 as a case study, demonstrating the way in which Lombard begins from theGlossa,clarifies its ambiguities, and moves his analysis forward through his use of otherauctoritatesand theologicalquaestiones.A comparison with Lombard's treatment of faith in theSentenceshighlights the close links between Lombard's biblical lectures and this later work. The article concludes by arguing that scholastic biblical exegesis and theology should be treated as primarily a classroom activity, with the glossed Bible as the central focus. Discussion of Lombard's work should draw on much recent scholarship that has begun to uncover the layers of orality within the textual history of scholastic works.
Fortschritte und Herausforderungen für die Analyse von Big Data in sozialen Medien im Jugendalter
Authors: Schmidt Stefanie J. , Kaess Michael
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. Für Jugendliche sind soziale Medien allgegenwärtig und sie verwenden sie, um ihren Gedanken, Gefühlen und Verhaltensweisen Ausdruck zu verleihen. Entsprechend bietet sich mit neuen interdisziplinären Methoden die Möglichkeit, die in sozialen Netzwerken vorhandenen Massendaten (Big Data) automatisch und maschinell zu analysieren, um darin Indikatoren für psychische Auffälligkeiten und Störungen im Sinne von Abweichungen von den üblichen Aktivitäts- und Kommunikationsmustern zu identifizieren. Diese Übersichtsarbeit gibt zunächst eine Einführung in das Konzept und mögliche Anwendungsbereiche von Big Data in sozialen Medien. Darauf aufbauend werden die ersten Studien diskutiert, die mittels dieser Analysen psychische Auffälligkeiten im Jugendalter entdecken konnten, da sich Unterschiede in der Struktur der sozialen Netzwerke, in der Verwendung von Wörtern und in der Kommunikation von Meinungen und Gefühlen fanden. Der Einbezug einer Vielzahl von Messzeitpunkten für die Modellierung intraindividueller Veränderungen könnte künftig in Kombination mit Mediatoranalysen helfen, besser zu verstehen, wann und durch welche Mechanismen sich der Konsum sozialer Medien auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirkt. Künftige Studien sollten zudem durch die Berücksichtigung weiterer Störungsbilder und Informationsquellen, verschiedener Altersgruppen und zusätzlicher sozialer Netzwerke zur Entwicklung von genaueren Prädiktionsmodellen zur Früherkennung psychischer Störungen in dieser Altersgruppe beitragen und darauf abgestimmte personalisierte Interventionen zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit und Resilienz anbieten.
Late Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Exhumation of the Western Brooks Range, Alaska, Revealed From Apatite and Zircon Fission Track Data
Authors: Craddock William H. , Moore Thomas E. , O'Sullivan Paul B. , Potter Christopher J. , Houseknecht David W.
Published: October 2018

We report data for 112 apatite and 31 zircon fission track (AFT and ZFT) outcrop sandstone samples along a transect that spans the western Brooks Range. Sampling targeted structures that modify the Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous early Brookian orogen. The AFT samples record latest Cretaceous to Eocene in situ exhumational cooling and resolve two kinematic phases. The first phase was focused at 65–60 Ma. To the north, cooling age patterns at this time are attributable to wide‐spaced fault‐related folding. Farther south, within the allochthon belt, exhumation was related to uplift of a broad region, likely in the hanging wall of deep‐seated faults that extend into basement rocks. The second kinematic phase occurred around ~45 Ma. It was characterized by north and east directed thrusting to the north, and coeval extension in the allochthon belt to the south. The ZFT cooling ages are all Early Cretaceous or older and put an upper limit on the magnitude of Cenozoic exhumation across the western Brooks Range. Synthesis of exhumation patterns and structural styles show that Paleocene rejuvenation of contraction was roughly contemporaneous along the entire ~1,000‐km orogen. Later, around ~45 Ma in the Eocene, contraction in the frontal parts of the orogen was contemporaneous with extension interior to the orogen. Following previous authors, we suggest that the Paleocene rejuvenation was a far‐field response to subduction of a mid‐ocean ridge in southern Alaska. However, by the Eocene, strain patterns in the western Brooks Range changed, possibly to accommodate rotations of fault blocks in southwestern Alaska.
Publisher Correction: Female mice lacking Ftx lncRNA exhibit impaired X-chromosome inactivation and a microphthalmia-like phenotype
Authors: Hosoi Yusuke , Soma Miki , Shiura Hirosuke , Sado Takashi , Hasuwa Hidetoshi , Abe Kuniya , Kohda Takashi , Ishino Fumitoshi , Kobayashi Shin
Published: October 2018

In the original HTML version of this Article, the affiliation details for Hirosuke Shiura, Hidetoshi Hasuwa and Takashi Kohda were incorrect, as detailed in the associated Publisher Correction. These errors have been corrected in both the HTML version of the Article.
Implicit glass model for simulation of crystal nucleation for glass-ceramics
Authors: McKenzie Matthew E. , Goyal Sushmit , Loeffler Troy , Cai Ling , Dutta Indrajit , Baker David E. , Mauro John C.
Published: October 2018

Predicting crystal nucleation behavior in glass-ceramic materials is important to create new materials for high-tech applications. Modeling the evolution of crystal microstructures is a challenging problem due to the complex nature of nucleation and growth processes. We introduce an implicit glass model (IGM) which, through the application of a Generalized Born solvation model, effectively replaces the glass with a continuous medium. This permits the computational efforts to focus on nucleating atomic clusters or undissolved impurities that serve as sites for heterogeneous nucleation. We apply IGM to four different systems: binary barium silicate (with two different compositions), binary lithium silicate, and ternary soda lime silicate and validate our precipitated compositions with established phase diagrams. Furthermore, we nucleate lithium metasilicate clusters and probe their structures with SEM. We find that the experimental microstructure matches the modeled growing cluster with IGM for lithium metasilicate.
Differential contributions of subthalamic beta rhythms and 1/f broadband activity to motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Martin Stephanie , Iturrate Iñaki , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Leeb Robert , Sobolewski Aleksander , Li Andrew M. , Zaldivar Julien , Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Pralong Etienne , Castro-Jiménez Mayte , Benninger David , Vingerhoets François , Knight Robert T. , Bloch Jocelyne , Millán José del R.
Published: October 2018

Excessive beta oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is linked to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, previous works have been inconsistent regarding the functional role of beta activity in untreated Parkinsonian states, questioning such role. We hypothesized that this inconsistency is due to the influence of electrophysiological broadband activity —a neurophysiological indicator of synaptic excitation/inhibition ratio— that could confound measurements of beta activity in STN recordings. Here we propose a data-driven, automatic and individualized mathematical model that disentangles beta activity and 1/f broadband activity in the STN power spectrum, and investigate the link between these individual components and motor symptoms in thirteen Parkinsonian patients. We show, using both modeled and actual data, how beta oscillatory activity significantly correlates with motor symptoms (bradykinesia and rigidity) only when broadband activity is not considered in the biomarker estimations, providing solid evidence that oscillatory beta activity does correlate with motor symptoms in untreated PD states as well as the significant impact of broadband activity. These findings emphasize the importance of data-driven models and the identification of better biomarkers for characterizing symptom severity and closed-loop applications.
Systemic network analysis identifies XIAP and IκBα as potential drug targets in TRAIL resistant BRAF mutated melanoma
Authors: Del Mistro Greta , Lucarelli Philippe , Müller Ines , De Landtsheer Sébastien , Zinoveva Anna , Hutt Meike , Siegemund Martin , Kontermann Roland E. , Beissert Stefan , Sauter Thomas , Kulms Dagmar
Published: October 2018

Metastatic melanoma remains a life-threatening disease because most tumors develop resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors thereby regaining tumorigenic capacity. We show the 2nd generation hexavalent TRAIL receptor-targeted agonist IZI1551 to induce pronounced apoptotic cell death in mutBRAF melanoma cells. Aiming to identify molecular changes that may confer IZI1551 resistance we combined Dynamic Bayesian Network modelling with a sophisticated regularization strategy resulting in sparse and context-sensitive networks and show the performance of this strategy in the detection of cell line-specific deregulations of a signalling network. Comparing IZI1551-sensitive to IZI1551-resistant melanoma cells the model accurately and correctly predicted activation of NFκB in concert with upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP as the key mediator of IZI1551 resistance. Thus, the incorporation of multiple regularization functions in logical network optimization may provide a promising avenue to assess the effects of drug combinations and to identify responders to selected combination therapies.
Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle
Authors: Murat Claude , Payen Thibaut , Noel Benjamin , Kuo Alan , Morin Emmanuelle , Chen Juan , Kohler Annegret , Krizsán Krisztina , Balestrini Raffaella , Da Silva Corinne , Montanini Barbara , Hainaut Mathieu , Levati Elisabetta , Barry Kerrie W. , Belfiori Beatrice , Cichocki Nicolas , Clum Alicia , Dockter Rhyan B. , Fauchery Laure , Guy Julie , Iotti Mirco , Le Tacon François , Lindquist Erika A. , Lipzen Anna , Malagnac Fabienne , Mello Antonietta , Molinier Virginie , Miyauchi Shingo , Poulain Julie , Riccioni Claudia , Rubini Andrea , Sitrit Yaron , Splivallo Richard , Traeger Stefanie , Wang Mei , Žifčáková Lucia , Wipf Daniel , Zambonelli Alessandra , Paolocci Francesco , Nowrousian Minou , Ottonello Simone , Baldrian Petr , Spatafora Joseph W. , Henrissat Bernard , Nagy Laszlo G. , Aury Jean-Marc , Wincker Patrick , Grigoriev Igor V. , Bonfante Paola , Martin Francis M.
Published: October 2018

Tuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi. To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate. Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism. Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged ~100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire. These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.
Publisher Correction: Symmetric and Asymmetric Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Embedded Nanoparticles: Effects of Size Distribution and Temperature on Tunneling Magnetoresistance and Spin Transfer Torque
Authors: Useinov Arthur , Lin Hsiu-Hau , Lai Chih-Huang
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Gut microbiota-mediated protection against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in chickens is associated with modulation of the innate responses
Authors: Yitbarek Alexander , Taha-Abdelaziz Khaled , Hodgins Douglas C. , Read Leah , Nagy Éva , Weese J. Scott , Caswell Jeff L. , Parkinson John , Sharif Shayan
Published: October 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Angiotensin II-induced hypertension in rats is only transiently accompanied by lower renal oxygenation
Authors: Emans Tonja. W. , Patinha Daniela , Joles Jaap. A. , Koeners Maarten. P. , Janssen Ben. J. , Krediet C. T. Paul
Published: October 2018

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system may initiate chronic kidney disease. We hypothesised that renal hypoxia is a consequence of hemodynamic changes induced by angiotensin II and occurs prior to development of severe renal damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused continuously with angiotensin II (350 ng/kg/min) for 8 days. Mean arterial pressure (n = 5), cortical (n = 6) and medullary (n = 7) oxygenation (pO2) were continuously recorded by telemetry and renal tissue injury was scored. Angiotensin II increased arterial pressure gradually to 150 ± 18 mmHg. This was associated with transient reduction of oxygen levels in renal cortex (by 18 ± 2%) and medulla (by 17 ± 6%) at 10 ± 2 and 6 ± 1 hours, respectively after starting infusion. Thereafter oxygen levels normalised to pre-infusion levels and were maintained during the remainder of the infusion period. In rats receiving angiotensin II, adding losartan to drinking water (300 mg/L) only induced transient increase in renal oxygenation, despite normalisation of arterial pressure. In rats, renal hypoxia is only a transient phenomenon during initiation of angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
Early movement restriction leads to maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex and to movement disorders
Authors: Delcour Maxime , Russier Michaël , Castets Francis , Turle-Lorenzo Nathalie , Canu Marie-Hélène , Cayetanot Florence , Barbe Mary F , Coq Jacques-Olivier
Published: October 2018

Motor control and body representations in the central nervous system are built, i.e., patterned, during development by sensorimotor experience and somatosensory feedback/reafference. Yet, early emergence of locomotor disorders remains a matter of debate, especially in the absence of brain damage. For instance, children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD) display deficits in planning, executing and controlling movements, concomitant with deficits in executive functions. Thus, are early sensorimotor atypicalities at the origin of long-lasting abnormal development of brain anatomy and functions? We hypothesize that degraded locomotor outcomes in adulthood originate as a consequence of early atypical sensorimotor experiences that induce developmental disorganization of sensorimotor circuitry. We showed recently that postnatal sensorimotor restriction (SMR), through hind limb immobilization from birth to one month, led to enduring digitigrade locomotion with ankle-knee overextension, degraded musculoskeletal tissues (e.g., gastrocnemius atrophy), and clear signs of spinal hyperreflexia in adult rats, suggestive of spasticity; each individual disorder likely interplaying in self-perpetuating cycles. In the present study, we investigated the impact of postnatal SMR on the anatomical and functional organization of hind limb representations in the sensorimotor cortex and processes representative of maladaptive neuroplasticity. We found that 28 days of daily SMR degraded the topographical organization of somatosensory hind limb maps, reduced both somatosensory and motor map areas devoted to the hind limb representation and altered neuronal response properties in the sensorimotor cortex several weeks after the cessation of SMR. We found no neuroanatomical histopathology in hind limb sensorimotor cortex, yet increased glutamatergic neurotransmission that matched clear signs of spasticity and hyperexcitability in the adult lumbar spinal network. Thus, even in the absence of a brain insult, movement disorders and brain dysfunction can emerge as a consequence of reduced and atypical patterns of motor outputs and somatosensory feedback that induce maladaptive neuroplasticity. Our results may contribute to understanding the inception and mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, such as DCD.
Viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing cattle in southern Brazil
Authors: Souza William Marciel de , Fumagalli Marcílio Jorge , Torres Carrasco Adriano de Oliveira , Romeiro Marilia Farignoli , Modha Sejal , Seki Meire Christina , Gheller Janaína Menegazzo , Daffre Sirlei , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Murcia Pablo Ramiro , Acrani Gustavo Olszanski , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes
Published: October 2018

Ticks are ectoparasites spread worldwide and are well known as vectors of many viruses of great importance to human and animal health. However, the viral diversity in ticks is still poorly understood, particularly in South America. Here we characterized the viral diversity present in Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing cattle in the southern region of Brazil using metagenomics. Our study revealed the presence of viruses that had not been previously described in the region, including lihan tick virus (Phenuiviridae family) and wuhan tick virus 2 (Chuviridae family), as well as expands the biogeography of jingmen tick virus (Flaviviridae family) in Brazil. Also, we described three novel tymoviruses (Tymovirales order), named guarapuava tymovirus-like 1 to 3. We described the genomic and phylogenetic characterization of these viruses. Our study sheds light on the viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus in South America, and also expands the biogeography of tick viruses that were previously described only in Asia.