bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tackling Traditional: Tamil Gender Ideologies and their Socioeconomic Correlates
Authors: Allendorf Keera , Short Susan , Luke Nancy , Xu Hongwei
Published: December 2024

Modernization theory posed gender ideology as a unidimensional continuum ranging from “traditional” to egalitarian with egalitarianism increasing as societies progress. Recent research replaces a unidimensional view with multidimensionality, but other modernization remnants remain. We tackle such remnants by examining gender ideologies and their socioeconomic correlates in Tamil Nadu, an Indian context often labeled “traditional.” Using latent class analysis of 10 gender attitudes from the South Indian Community Health Study (SICHS), we identify six gender ideologies. Two ideologies are consistently egalitarian or essentialist, two are mixed, and two are characterized by ambivalent agreement. Attitudes toward mobility are a crucial divider; moderate support for equal mobility distinguishes “consistent egalitarians” from “seclusionist egalitarians” and “agreeable seclusionists” from the “highly agreeable.” These agreeable ideologies likely reflect acquiescence bias, but may also signal polite resistance to feminist scripts. The gender ideologies are correlated with gender, religion, and education, but have little to no association with caste, age, and class. These findings extend the multidimensionality of gender ideology to an Indian context and hint at the power of global and local cultural scripts. More broadly, they demonstrate the value – and challenges – of building a more global understanding of gender ideology freer of modernization remnants.
Hundred years of French Film Policy (1925-2025). Power, Policy, and Aesthetic Values within State Intervention for film production in France.
Authors: Gimello-Mesplomb Frédéric
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the evolution of French film policy from early cinema to the present, examining the complex interactions between state intervention, cultural production, and artistic creativity. Through a comprehensive historical analysis, the study traces the development of a unique French model of cinema support, characterized by robust state involvement, selective funding mechanisms, and a commitment to cultural diversity. The research demonstrates how the French state has progressively transformed its approach to cinema, from initial regulatory and taxation strategies to sophisticated support systems like the ‘Avance sur Recettes’ (Advance on Receipts). Key turning points include the Blum-Byrnes agreements of 1948, Jack Lang's cultural policies in the 1980s, and the ongoing challenges posed by digital technologies and global streaming platforms in the 2000s. The analysis reveals the tension between commercial imperatives and artistic quality, highlighting how state interventions have sought to preserve a distinctive French cinematic identity. By examining policy documents, parliamentary reports, and critical debates, the paper illuminates the complex negotiations between economic sustainability, cultural expression, and national prestige in French film policy. Ultimately, regarding the recent France 2030 Plan, the study argues that French cinema policy represents a unique model of cultural intervention, balancing economic pragmatism with a profound commitment to artistic innovation and cultural sovereignty.
Comparison and Equivalency of Riemann-integrable with Lebesgue- integrable
Authors: Kumar Nand Kishor
Published: December 2024

This article compares Riemann integrability to Lebesgue integrability. A function must also be Lebesgue-integrable if it is Riemann-integrable, but opposite is not always true. The Lebesgue integral is a more generic and flexible idea that may be applied to a larger range of functions. Lebesgue integration provides a more general framework that expands integration options, particularly for more complicated functions. The equivalence of the two integrals is a difficult concept to grasp, and it is regularly covered in advanced real analysis courses.
Impact of Public Transport Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Khubi Ram , Ojha Krishna Prasad , Upreti Surendra
Published: December 2024

This paper assesses the relationship between public transport infrastructure investment and economic growth in Nepal using time series data. The study uses Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to study the short and long-run relationship between public transport infrastructure investment and economic growth in Nepal during the period from 1974-2019. The study finds that in the short run, there is an initial negative impact of public transport infrastructure investment on economic growth, which attenuates over time and eventually transitions to a positive effect. The study concludes that while challenges persist, strategic investments in public transport infrastructure remain a cornerstone for Nepal's journey towards sustained economic growth, prosperity, and inclusive growth.
الاستثمار الخاص طريق نحو الاصلاح الاقتصادي ومعالجة البطالة وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة في العراق
Authors: سهيلة عبد الزهرة مستور الحجيمي  , مصطفى كامل رشيد  , علياء حسين خلف الزركوشي
Published: December 2024

ان اختلال بنية الناتج وتدهور مستوى الأنشطة الاقتصادية وتراجع النمو الاقتصادي وسيادة الظروف غير المستقرة اقتصاديا وسياسيا وامنيا بعد عام 2004 اضعف فرص الاستثمار في العراق سواء الخاص او العام، مما انعكس سلبا في معدلات التشغيل الامر الذي أدى الى تفشي البطالة بكافة أنواعها في كافة مرافق الاقتصاد الكلي، مع انخفاض إنتاجية الاقتصاد المحلي وارتفاع حدة الاقتصاد الهش وضعف السياسات الاقتصادية الكلية. فمن اجل اصلاح الاقتصاد العراقي فلابد من إعادة احياء دور القطاع الخاص فيه، خصوصا دور الاستثمار الخاص من اجل تمويل خطط التنمية المستدامة وتذليل العقبات الاقتصادية التي تحول دون الوصول الى الاستقرار الاقتصادي. مشكلة البحث تتمثل في ضعف الاستثمار الخاص مع ضعف دور القطاع الخاص في دعم الاقتصاد المحلي الامر الذي تسبب بضعف الأنشطة الاقتصادية ومن ثم ارتفاع معدلات البطالة فمن اجل اجراء الإصلاح الاقتصادي فيجب الاهتمام بالاستثمار الخاص في إعادة بناء الاقتصاد العراقي. فرضية البحث الإصلاح الاقتصادي يبدء بدعم الاستثمار الخاص وإبراز دوره في قيادة الاقتصاد من اجل مواجهة مشاكل الاقتصاد الكلي وتخفيض معدلات البطالة وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، توصل البحث الى محدودية دور الاستثمار الخاص ومن ثم ضعف دور الإصلاح الاقتصادي في معالجة مشاكل الاقتصاد الكلي مما اسهم في زيادة معدلات البطالة، يوصي البحث بضوروة تبني منهج علمي طويل الاجل يدعم توجه القطاع الخاص كخطوة أساسية في طريق الإصلاح الاقتصادي من اجل تعزيز بنية الاقتصاد الكلي وتنفيذ خطط التنمية المستدامة.
Searching for Digital Agency: Subject Possibilities in the Aesthetics of Computational Ambiguity
Authors: Lithgow Michael
Published: December 2024

Background: The overdetermination of the subject in digital cultures, particularly as it relates to processes of dividuation, introduces various tensions and complications. The reduction of subjectivity to data sets for use in predictive algorithms has been linked to the manipulation, marginalization, and harmful production of subjectivity. This situation raises questions about how to challenge or redirect the axiomatic logics of computing.

Analysis: This article explores the potential of the aesthetics of computational ambiguity as a resource for expanding agency within the processes of dividuation.

Conclusions and implications: This potential is demonstrated by artists exploring the ambiguities of glitch aesthetics, machine learning indeterminacies, and the randomization of computational outputs.
Place-Based Spectatorship, Toronto Raptors Basketball, and the Jurassic Park Outdoor Watching Area
Authors: Fresco Estée
Published: December 2024

Background: When the Toronto Raptors competed in the 2019 National Basketball Association playoffs, fans in Toronto participated in a collective spectating experience by watching games in an outdoor space called Jurassic Park.

Analysis: This article analyzes how journalists depicted the Jurassic Park watching area as an assemblage of human and non-human matter. In these accounts, bodies and sounds collectively transformed the space into an intimate and emotionally resonant place.

Conclusions and implications: These depictions recognize the agency of non-human matter but expose a settler colonial conceptualization of Toronto as a place. They also expose the impermanency of fan-based unity and long-term environmental effects of the waste spectators produce.
Perspectives of Canadian Youth on Islamophobic Hate Speech on Social Media
Authors: Arshad-Ayaz Adeela , Naseem Muhammad Ayaz , Hizoui Hedia , Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent high-profile cases of Islamophobia online raise questions about how youth view and understand Islamophobic hate speech on social media.

Analysis: In this study, we interviewed 25 respondents who identify as Muslim and have experienced hate speech on social media and 25 respondents from mainstream Canadian youth who are active users of social media. We also arranged a partially mediated online multilogue between the respondents on religion-induced hate speech, especially Islamophobia in Canada.

Conclusions and implications: While both groups agreed on the harmful impacts of unmoderated hate speech online, they disagreed on the definition of Islamophobia as the systematic oppression of Muslims and held conflicting views on Islamophobia as a form of racism.
Effect of Directed Pre-Veterinary Career Education on Applicant Confidence and Perception of the Profession
Authors: Gonzalez Sara E. , Imler Amie M. , Turner Kari K. , Avelino Alex , Gonzalez John M.
Published: December 2024

Elective undergraduate courses are offered at the University of Georgia and the University of Florida that explore veterinary careers, offer guidance on being a successful veterinary school applicant, and expose students to the reality of the profession through guest speakers. Students ( N = 276) from both universities responded to a survey offered at the first and last class period over the course of five semesters. Using 100-point Likert scales, students were asked to gauge their opinion of and interest in the profession and demonstrate their confidence in various aspects of building a successful application. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with survey completion time as the fixed effect. After completing the course, students showed decreased ( p < .01) interest in becoming a veterinarian and a reduced ( p = .01) opinion of the profession. Despite these decreases, student perception ratings remained in the positive range in both categories. Student opinions of financial commitment, veterinarian mental health, and diversity did not change ( p > .20) after taking the course, though ratings in these categories were neutral to somewhat negative. The post survey revealed students demonstrated more confidence in applying to veterinary school ( p < .01), including understanding academic requirements, identifying ideal references, composing a statement of purpose, and gaining veterinary experience ( p < .01). The survey demonstrated the benefits of a career exploration class for pre-veterinary students by increasing applicant confidence and showed that challenges facing the profession may influence the applicant pool.
Infecção dermonecrótica generalizada por Staphylococcus hyicus em cão
Authors: Carvalho Maria Priscila da Silva , Almeiada Katherine Justino , Siqueira Jackson de Oliveira , Souto Flavio Jose , Silva Mariana de França Oliveira da , Leite Denny Parente de Sá Barreto Maia , Leite Ana Greice Borba
Published: December 2024

Infections caused by opportunistic bacteria are common in veterinary practice. Staphylococcus hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis in pigs, but it can also be isolated from the skin of healthy animals, affecting lactating piglets and after weaning. They are responsible for causing serious lesions in the integumentary tissue and can lead to systemic conditions in animals. Generalized dermonecrotic infection by Staphylococcus hyicus in dogs is a rare and difficult-to-treat condition. This study aims to report the case of a 9-year-old male, neutered Shetland Sheepdog, presenting severe edema in the left pelvic limb, lameness and progressive dermonecrotic lesions. The dog had had previous contact with pigs and the diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial culture and antibiogram. Despite antimicrobial and analgesic therapy, the clinical condition worsened, with progression to hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and purulent secretion. The patient went into cardiorespiratory arrest and died. This case highlights the severity of this infection and the need for constant monitoring, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to minimize the risk of fatal outcomes.
Mexico — Moscow — Mexico. Some vicissitudes of inter-party relations between the Communists during the Cold War
Authors: Jeifets V. L
Published: December 2024

The article, based on archival materials from the collections of the International Department of the CPSU Central Committee, contains a research over a number of aspects of the relationship between the CPSU and the Mexican Communist Party (MCP). The author, showing the difficult path of liberation of the MCP from Stalinism, examines it, among other things, from the point of view of Soviet-Mexican interstate contacts. Without questioning the democratic evolution of the Mexican Communist Party, the author at the same time shows that relations between it and Moscow were much more complex even after the Mexican communists had condemned a number of actions undertaken by the USSR.
Role of liquid immiscibility in the formation of the rare metal granites of the Katugin massif, Aldan shield
Authors: Tolmacheva Е. V. , Velikoslavinskii S. D. , Kotov A. В. , Larin A. M. , Sklyarov E. V. , Gladkochub D. P. , Donskaya T. V. , Skovitina T. M. , Kovach V. P. , Galankina O. L.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses possible immiscibility between fluoride salt (“cryolite”) and silicate liquids into which the parental melt of the Katugin massif exsolves, and the petrological implications of this phenomenon. Results of a detailed study of the cryolite and zircon are presented. Liquid immiscibility is demonstrated to have triggered the massive crystallization of zircon and, together with the processes of subsequent evolution of the cryolite melt, contributed to the formation of the large cryolite bodies. Data on mineralhosted inclusions were used to estimate the crystallization temperatures of fluoride salt and silicate melts and outline the pathways of their evolution during the formation of the massif. It is shown that the granites of the Katugin and West Katugin massifs were most likely derived from distinct sources, that differed mainly in fluorine content. Data on the chemical composition of three zircon generations identified in the granites of the Katugin massif are presented.
Electromagnetic Field Bio-Medical Effects Researches in Russia over 130 Years: The Main Stages of the Scientific Knowledge Grows
Authors: Grigoriev О. А. , Ushakov I. B. , Alekseeva V. A.
Published: December 2024

We analyzed the key stages in the scientific history for electromagnetic field bio-medical effects researches in Russia over 130 years. Has been proven the continuity of scientific knowledge about EMF biological effects and it transmission from one generation of scientists to the next because to exist of scientific schools, the systematic research and national scientific coordination. The main attention is paid to the period of formation of planned EMF health research, when the basic methodological principles were found and so as fundamental scientific basics for understanding the nature of EMF biological effects and their influence for health. The Russian scientists fundamental conceptions about the mechanism of the electromagnetic field biological action and the principles of its hygienic regulation are summarized.
Neuromorphological Effects of Acute and Chronic Electromagnetic Irradiation
Authors: Ushakov I. B. , Fedorov V. P. , Davydov B. I.
Published: December 2024

Morphological changes in the cerebral cortex were studied in model experiments on three types of laboratory animals (mice, rats, dogs) exposed to both acute and chronic electromagnetic radiation. It has been established that neurons are highly reactive and at the same time plasticity to the electromagnetic factor. Changes in neurons are more pronounced with general than with partial irradiation. The greatest response was found from the structures of the protein-synthesizing system of neurons, as well as their interneuronal contacts. After 3 days of the recovery period, changes were detected only at the ultrastructural level in the form of residues, decayed organelles, clusters of lysosomes and local foci of brain edema. With chronic exposure to microwaves with exposure at the “zero effect” level, the sensitivity of neurons to electromagnetic radiation was characterized by species differences and was inversely dependent on the animal’s body weight: mice were the most sensitive, the structures of the rat nervous system were more resistant, and the nervous structures of dogs had the least sensitivity.
The Effect оf Repeated Exposure to Complexly Organized Electromagnetic Radiation on the Rats Behavior in the “Open Field” Test
Authors: Kolganova O. I. , Panfilova V. V. , Izmestyeva O. S. , Zhurakovskaya G. P. , Chibisova O. F. , Zhavoronkov L. P.
Published: December 2024

In experiments on Wistar rats, males and females, the effect of 3-fold (1 hour a day with an interval of three days) and multiple (8 weeks, 5 days a week, 2 hours a day) pulsed-modulated electromagnetic radiation on the tentative research reactions was studied, tested by the “open field” method. The animals were irradiated in an anechoic chamber in the zone of the formed wave of the microwave source (a block of 10 generators carrying frequencies from 1 to 4 GHz, the total pulse power density 300 microW/cm2, pulse duration 25 ms, sweep cycles 1–6 Hz, cycle turn-around time 30s). It has been showed that exposure to such parameters can cause a stress reaction and an impairment of long-term memory in some irradiated animals, and female rats were more sensitive to the action of microwaves, than males. This reaction was transient and 1.5–2 months after cessation of irradiation, the behavior of the animals was restored. However, there is a danger that with constant exposure to microwaves, which, for example, occurs in mobile users, such behavior deviations may become fixed and clinically significant.
Experimental Study of Animal’s Behavior under the Influence of an Electromagnetic Field of the 5G Mobile Communication Standard
Authors: Nikitina V. N. , Kalinina N. I. , Dubrovskaya E. N. , Plekhanov V. P. , Kovshov A. A.
Published: December 2024

A pilot experimental study was carried out to assess the effect of an unmodulated and modulated electromagnetic field of the 5G mobile communication standard on the central nervous system of animals. Mature male Wistar rats were exposed to electromagnetic fields with a frequency of 4.9 GHz and an intensity of 250 MW/cm2 for 15 days for 2 hours a day. The animals of the two irradiated groups and the control group were in identical conditions in a semi-anechoic shielded chamber. The effect of the electromagnetic field on the functional state of the central nervous system was assessed by a comprehensive analysis of behavior patterns in the “open field” test before and after irradiation. The study did not reveal clear differences in animal behavior when exposed to an unmodulated and modulated 5G electromagnetic field. Statistically significant changes in animal behavior were recorded in the dynamics of the experiment in two irradiated and control groups, which may be due to a change in the natural electromagnetic background in a semi-anechoic shielded chamber.
Experimental studying of vapor explosion triggering during the breakup of a molten salt jet
Authors: Vasil’ev N. V. , Vavilov S. N. , Lidzhiev E. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents an experimental study using high-speed video recording of the process of vapor explosion on a breakup jet of molten NaCl salt in water. The regimes of jet breakup into large parts, accompanied by the separation of small satellite droplets, have been studied. For the first time, the propagation of a vapor explosion on two large fragments of jet breakup due to spontaneous triggering of the process on a droplet-satellite was reproduced and recorded under laboratory conditions. The possibility of a vapor explosion occurring at the initial stage of the first stage of coarse crushing and mixing of the melt jet is shown.
Removal of the stress field singularity for the Williams problem (1952) basing on a non-Euclidean continuum model
Authors: Guzev M. A.
Published: December 2024

A singular solution for the elastic stress field in the Williams problem on the equilibrium of plates with corner cutouts is considered. A scheme has been constructed for the minimal expansion of the classical elastic continuum model without taking into account the Saint-Venant compatibility conditions for deformations, which leads to a non-Euclidean continuum model. Within this model framework, the total stress field is shown to contain no singularity for all cutout angles.
Evolution of vortices at the merging of an ethanol droplet with water in an intrusive mode
Authors: Djoudar B. , Ilinykh A. Yu. , Chashechkin Yu. D.
Published: December 2024

The evolution of vortices formed when a freely falling drop of a 95% aqueous solution of ethanol, tinted with brilliant green, merges with water in the intrusive mode has been traced by method of high-speed video recording. The drop smoothly flows into the liquid and forms a subducting lenticular intrusion, in which a weakly expressed ring vortex is formed if the potential surface energy is greater than or of the same order as its kinetic energy. Gradually, the intrusion of lighter liquid begins to float up and contracts around the cavern, which takes on a conical shape. From the center of the pointed bottom of the cavity, which has reached its maximum depth, a compact volume containing a light liquid of droplet is pushed into the thickness of the liquid. After the cavern collapses, the primary intrusion spreads along the free surface of the target fluid. In this case, the submerging volume is transformed into a small spherical vortex, which reaches its maximum depth, and then stops and forms a compact secondary intrusion elongated vertically. Next, the central part of the secondary intrusion begins to flow up and gradually transforms into a new ring vortex. As it approaches the free surface, the diameter of the vortex increases. The slowly rising shell of the intrusion forms the bottle-shaped base of the cylindrical trace of the ring vortex, colored with droplet pigment. Changes in the sizes of the main structural components during the evolution of the flow pattern were traced.
General solution of the equations system of the moment linear elasticity theory of the isotropic Cosserat pseudo-continuum
Authors: Ostrosablin N. I. , Ugryumov R. I.
Published: December 2024

For a system of equations in displacements for the Cosserat medium, two variants of representing the general solution through three functions satisfying three independent equations was found, i. e. the system is diagonalized. Expressions for the production of new solutions (symmetry operators) are given. The expressions provides to find new solutions to the original equations by differentiating from any given solution. Some particular solutions was obtained for the cases of plane and antiplane deformation.
Spatial reorientation of a solid body using a moving mass in the presence of external forces specified as the functions of time
Authors: Shmatkov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The spatial motion of a mechanical system consisting of a rigid body and a moving point mass, interacting with each other by means of unspecified internal forces, has been studied. The task is to construct such a trajectory for a point mass, when moving along which a rigid body, under the influence of the force of interaction with this mass, changes its orientation in space according to a known program. It is assumed that there are external forces acting on both objects, specified as functions of time. A system of three first-order ordinary differential equations, resolved with respect to derivatives, is obtained, which allows solving the problem. These relationships can be used to control spacecraft and robotic systems.
Prospects for achieving carbon neutrality by economically developed countries
Authors: Klimenko V. V. , Klimenko A. V. , Tereshin A. G.
Published: December 2024

The prospects for achieving carbon neutrality by economically developed countries (USA, EU, Norway, Canada, Japan and Australia) are studied. An analysis of the structure of energy and land use in these countries is carried out. Scenario estimates of the dynamics of carbon indicators of the economies of the world’s leading countries have been developed.
It is shown that the current rates of decarbonisation and development of the carbon capture and storage industry do not guarantee the achievement of climate neutrality by 2050, even in the world’s leading economies. A central challenge in achieving climate neutrality is the rapid and large-scale deployment of CCS in all its possible manifestations. All of the countries studied, except Japan, have their own capacity to store carbon for more than a hundred years.
To achieve climate neutrality, the leading OECD countries will need to ensure the annual capture of at least 6 billion tons of CO2 by 2050, which is almost 25 times higher than their current capacities (operating, under construction and under design) Despite the fact that climate change occupies almost a leading place on the global agenda, the actual results of efforts in this area are far from declared. It is no longer realistic to keep warming within 1.5°C, and at the current rate of decarbonization, even by world leaders, the defense of the second critical frontier in 2°C will soon be threatened.
DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH 3 SUMBER LISTRIK DILENGKAPI DENGAN AUTOMATIC MAIN FAILURE BERBASIS PLC UNTUK SISTEM 1 FASA
Authors: Usman Usman , Hamdani Hamdani , Habib Andi Ikhsan , Asis Nabila Sri Rejeki
Published: December 2024

To ensure the continuity of electrical energy distribution when using an Off-Grid PV system, overcoming the challenges posed by its intermittent nature is necessary. This requires the use of more than one source of electrical energy. This involves the use of more than one source of electrical energy. A device known as ATS and AMF facilitates switching between energy sources. This research aims to design an ATS equipped with AMF to transfer three electricity sources: Photovoltaic system, PLN, and Genset for a single-phase system, with the main control device being PLC. The test results found that the transfer time from the PV system to PLN is 39ms, while the transfer time from the PV system to the Genset or from PLN to the Genset is 5s. This transfer time includes the process of starting and warming up the generator. In this system, if the Genset is displaced to PLN or PLTS, the transfer time is 39ms. The starting of the generator set is limited to three attempts. If the generator set fails to start or is not voltage detected, the system will consider it a starting failure, indicated by the active Buzzer.
PREDICTING URBAN SOIL POLLUTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Naizabayeva L. , Satymbekov M.N.
Published: December 2024

Different cities of the world are facing heavy metal pollution in soils at different levels. Previous studies have found that heavy metal concentrations in urban soils tend to increase with increasing levels of urbanization, indicating a link between heavy metal content in soils and urban expansion. Thus, understanding this relationship and considering factors related to urbanization to create reliable predictions of heavy metal distribution in soils can contribute to effective management of urban health. This study examines the sources, distribution, and environmental effects of heavy metals. These elements accumulate in soil due to vehicle emissions, tire and brake wear, and abrasion of road surfaces, which carry significant environmental and health risks. The presence of heavy metals in road soil can detrimentally affect plant growth, enter the food chain, and pose a direct threat to human health when contaminated soil is ingested, or dust particles are inhaled. In this study, a random forest (RF) machine learning model was applied to predict the extent of heavy metals in soil along highways. The results showed that the RF model has high accuracy in predicting the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil.
PENETRATION TESTING APPROACHES EMPLOYING THE OPENVAS VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT UTILITY
Authors: Tashenova Zh.M. , Abdugulova Zh.K. , Amanzholova Sh. , Nurlybaeva E.
Published: December 2024

Currently, issues of security of information systems of critical information infrastructure facilities are becoming relevant. At the same time, the current tasks of an information security (IS) audit of critical information infrastructure objects, as a rule, come down to checking them for compliance with IS requirements. However, with this approach to auditing, the resistance of these objects to real attacks by intruders often remains unclear. To test this resistance, objects are subjected to a testing procedure, namely penetration testing. The goal is a comparative analysis of existing foreign and domestic penetration testing methods and standards. The elements of novelty of the work are the identified features, advantages, disadvantages and scope of applicability of existing standards and methods of penetration testing. This article will review the OpenVAS vulnerability scanner. Readers will become familiar with the basic and advanced functions of the program; its settings depend on the functions and capabilities.
Analysis and selection of the structure of a multiprocessor computing system according to the performance criterion
Authors: Petushkov G. V. , Sigov A. S.
Published: December 2024

Objectives. Analysis of the various architectures of computing systems (CSs) used in recent decades has allowed us to identify the most common structures. One of the key features is the use of mass-produced equipment to create data processing subsystems (for example, multicore processors and high-capacity semiconductor memory), as well as network equipment to build communication subsystems. This reduces hardware costs and allows typical or cluster configurations to be created, which is especially important for expensive CSs. The desire to achieve high computational speed and performance in such CSs requires minimizing the time to complete the task and balancing time delays both in data processing subsystems and in the communication subsystem which provides data transmission inside the CS. The aim of this work is to analyze computing modules (CMs) and structures on the basis of which the construction of cluster CSs is carried out.

Methods. The main results of the work were obtained using methods of mathematical analysis and modeling.

Results. The study considers the structure of modern multicore microprocessors as the basis for building CMs of cluster CSs. As the number of cores in the microprocessor structure increases, the communication network which unites them into a single structure becomes more complicated. It has been shown that in new developments of microprocessors, communication between cores is performed in the form of a network. The microprocessors themselves are MIMD structures in accordance with the well-known Flynn classification.

Conclusions. The proposed method of selecting an effective structure of a CS allows us to obtain the optimal structure of a CS according to the criterion of performance.
Digital three-stage recursive-separable image processing filter with variable sizes of scanning multielement aperture
Authors: Kamenskiy A. V. , Akaeva T. M. , Grebenshchikova D. A.
Published: December 2024

Objectives. The main aim of digital image processing is to increase clarity while maintaining image quality and eliminate noise. However, the amount of information contained in digital image files is growing year after year. This circumstance negatively affects processing time, critical for systems with high load requirements on the computing platform. In this regard, the use of digital filters which enable a reduction to the processing time of incoming data is important. In order to resolve this issue, adaptive filters with different sizes of multielement processing aperture are being developed to improve image clarity and preserve image details. Filters with adaptive properties are able to change their parameters during data processing, and provide maximum performance as the aperture size increases. The aim of the work is to develop a type of recursively separable digital filter with variable sizes of a scanning multielement aperture which allows the number of computational operations to be reduced while maintaining the efficiency of filtering input data (images).

Methods. The work used recursive-separable methods and algorithms to construct digital filters.

Results. An algorithm for the recursive-separable implementation of a digital filter is described, and the final view of the processing aperture and its three-dimensional appearance are presented. In order to evaluate the performance of the filter, a comparison of the developed algorithm with the classical two-dimensional convolution algorithm was carried out. The experiment was performed using images of various sizes and consisted of determining the time spent on the process of processing the test image. The study established that the processing time of a test image using the developed filter is on average 5 times less than the time taken by the classical two-dimensional convolution algorithm. The optimal coefficients for magnifying the central element and raising the positive part of the aperture of a digital filter were determined, enabling the efficiency of its use to be enabled.

Conclusions. The studies show the effectiveness of using the developed recursive-separable two-dimensional filter to improve image clarity and reduce the time spent on processing.
Structural transitions in systems with a triple-well potential
Authors: Ozherelkova L. M. , Savin E. S. , Tishaeva I. R. , Shevelev V. V.
Published: December 2024

Objectives. Recently studied phenomena in condensed matter physics have prompted new insights into the dynamic theory of crystals. The results of numerous experimental data demonstrate the impossibility of their explanation within the framework of linear models of the dynamics of many-particle systems, resulting in the necessity to account for nonlinear effects. Analyzing the dynamics of systems in condensed matter physics containing a sufficiently large number of particles shows that modes of motion can undergo changes depending on the potential of interparticle interaction. This is also reflected in the presence of domains with essentially chaotic phase space having a number of degrees of freedom N ≥ 1.5 and a certain set of interparticle interaction parameters. However, it is not only the dynamic model that appears to be strongly nonlinear. A similar nature of motion can be also observed in a static nonlinear many-particle system. The paper aims to study the influence of the external field specified by the interatomic triple-well potential on the equilibrium structure of a chain of interacting atoms.

Methods. Methods of Hamiltonian mechanics are used.

Results. Analytical expressions are obtained and analyzed for determining the phase portrait of the equilibrium structure of a chain of interacting atoms for various values of the parameter characterizing the local potential of the field in which each atom of the chain moves. Phase portraits of the equilibrium structure of the system are constructed in continuous and discrete representations of the equilibrium equations for various values of the parameter characterizing the local potential of the field in which each atom of the chain moves.

Conclusions. It is shown that both periodic and random chaotic arrangements of atoms are implemented depending on the magnitude of the external field.
Collective Pareidolia
Authors: Bednarik Robert
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses a case of collective pareidolia where a group of people perceived non-existent petroglyphs on undecorated rock surfaces, leading to an investigation into the mechanics of shared perception. A university team had recorded thousands of what were believed to be petroglyphs. An invited team of three rock art specialists found no actual grooves corresponding to the recorded intricate images. The study suggests that the visual system’s expectation of seeing certain patterns, influenced by social and cognitive factors, can lead to collective pareidolia, reinforced by peer pressure. This case highlights the limitations of the human visual system and persistence of pareidolic perceptions, which can even become shared beliefs among groups despite evidence to the contrary. It also brings into focus the need of scepticism towards all attempted rock art motif identifications by cultural aliens, as they are always derived via pareidolia.
A “Breathing” Mobile Communication Network
Authors: Ge Chao , Chen Ge , Jiang Zhipeng
Published: December 2024

The frequent migration of large-scale users leads to the load imbalance of mobile communication networks, which causes resource waste and decreases user experience. To address the load balancing problem, this paper proposes a dynamic optimization framework for mobile communication networks inspired by the average consensus in multi-agent systems. In this framework, all antennas cooperatively optimize their CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) transmit power in real-time to balance their busy-degrees. Then, the coverage area of each antenna would change accordingly, and we call this framework a “breathing” mobile communication network. To solve this optimization problem, two algorithms named BDBA (Busy-degree Dynamic Balancing Algorithm) and BFDBA (Busy-degree Fast Dynamic Balancing Algorithm) are proposed. Moreover, a fast network coverage calculation method is introduced, by which each antenna’s minimum CPICH transmit power is determined under the premise of meeting the network coverage requirements. Besides, we present the theoretical analysis of the two proposed algorithms’ performance, which prove that all antennas’ busy-degrees will reach consensus under certain assumptions. Furthermore, simulations carried out on three large datasets demonstrate that our cooperative optimization can significantly reduce the unbalance among antennas as well as the proportion of over-busy antennas.
Low-Bit Quantization Favors Undertrained LLMs:Scaling Laws for Quantized LLMs with 100T Training Tokens
Authors: Ouyang Xu , Ge Tao , Hartvigsen Thomas , Zhang Zhisong , Mi Haitao , Yu Dong
Published: December 2024

We reveal that low-bit quantization favors undertrained large language models (LLMs) by observing that models with larger sizes or fewer training tokens experience less quantization-induced degradation (QiD) when applying low-bit quantization, whereas smaller models with extensive training tokens suffer significant QiD. To gain deeper insights into this trend, we study over 1500 quantized LLM checkpoints of various sizes and at different training levels (undertrained or fully trained) in a controlled setting, deriving scaling laws for understanding the relationship between QiD and factors such as the number of training tokens, model size and bit width.

With the derived scaling laws, we propose a novel perspective that we can use QiD to measure an LLM’s training levels and determine the number of training tokens required for fully training LLMs of various sizes. Moreover, we use the scaling laws to predict the quantization performance of different-sized LLMs trained with 100 TRILLION tokens. Our projection shows that the low-bit quantization performance of future models, which are expected to be trained with over 100 trillion tokens, may NOT be desirable. This poses a potential challenge for low-bit quantization in the future and highlights the need for awareness of a model’s training level when evaluating low-bit quantization research. To facilitate future research on this problem, we release all the 1500+ quantized checkpoints used in this work at https://huggingface.co/Xu-Ouyang.
Semantic Data Augmentation for Long-tailed Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Li Zijian , Wang Yan , Guan Bowen , Yin JianKai
Published: December 2024

Facial Expression Recognition has a wide application prospect in social robotics, health care, driver fatigue monitoring, and many other practical scenarios. Automatic recognition of facial expressions has been extensively studied by the Computer Vision research society. But Facial Expression Recognition in real-world is still a challenging task, partially due to the long-tailed distribution of the dataset. Many recent studies use data augmentation for Long-Tailed Recognition tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic augmentation method. By introducing randomness into the encoding of the source data in the latent space of VAE-GAN, new samples are generated. Then, for facial expression recognition in RAF-DB dataset, we use our augmentation method to balance the long-tailed distribution. Our method can be used in not only FER tasks, but also more diverse data-hungry scenarios.
Full-Time Employment: An Empirical Study of the Impact of Internet Use in Indonesia
Authors: Yunisvita Yunisvita , Teguh Muhammad , Ishak Zulkarnain , Nida Rahma
Published: December 2024

The impact of digital transformation era by utilizing the internet has achieved job market outcomes. This study aims to analyze full-time employment probability as a result of using the internet in his work. The data used 8,436 samples from the February 2023 National Labor Force Survey microdl.hilata sorted by formal sector employment. With the analysis technique of the logistic binary regression model, several dominant determinants of the probability to work full-time were obtained. The use of the internet for promotion and marketplace affects labor market outcomes measured by working hours. Probability for workers as full-time workers by using these two things becomes greater. This study also shows that several economic variables such as income, pension security and attending training significantly have a greater effect on workers’ chances of working full-time (>40 h/week). In addition, the influence of demographic variables in the form of age, marital status and domicile of workers in Sumatra provides greater probability for full working hours.
Examining the Information Efficiency of Indonesia Equity Market: Evidence from Earnings Announcements
Authors: Nainggolan Rexon
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this study is to examine the semi-strong form of market efficiency in the Indonesia Equity Market on publicly available information. The study uses a market model to analyze the significance of abnormal returns before and after earnings releases. It analyzes the cumulative average abnormal returns of the daily trades before and after the earnings release. The study reveals that there are no significant abnormal returns during the pre-announcement periods, suggesting that there is no significant leakage of information before the disclosures. An analysis of the post-announcement documents reveals a delay in the market response, indicating that the market is inefficient in rapidly and accurately transmitting the information from earnings releases to investors. It also observes significant abnormal returns within the initial week of the release periods and a post-earnings announcement drift of up to 30 days. The findings indicate that the market does not possess the attributes of a semi-strong form of market efficiency. The results imply that the market’s financial reporting processes have the potential for digital technology improvement to enhance transparency, accountability, and information efficiency within the market.
Trade Liberalization, Foreign Investment and Economic Growth: Experience from Non-Oil Producing Countries in Africa
Authors: Logan Chine Sp. , Manasseh Charles O. , Ede Kenechukwu K.
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on trade liberalization, foreign investment and economic growth in non-oil-producing countries of Africa using the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Annual time series data spanning from 2000 to 2023. The study reveals a strong long-term relationship between trade liberalization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and economic growth in non-oil-producing African countries. This finding is evidenced by the rejection of the “no long-run relationship” hypothesis, indicating a solid and enduring connection among these factors, which aligns with previous research. Most variables conform to theoretical expectations, supporting the hypothesis that trade liberalization and FDI contribute positively to economic growth. However, FDI and exchange rates exhibit unexpected deviations, likely reflecting structural challenges common in non-oil African economies, such as barriers that limit stable FDI inflows and hinder sustainable growth. The error correction term (ECT) further suggests that these economies adjust quickly from deviations, with respective short-run adjustment rates of 90%, 10%, and 50% in different model specifications. This high responsiveness indicates that, despite short-term disruptions, these economies tend to revert swiftly to their long-term growth trajectories. Based on the findings, we recommend that policies should be directed towards the pursuit of consistent and sustainable trade liberalization by reducing trade barriers, and reduction of obstacles to foreign investment to improve economic growth in non-oil-producing countries of Africa.
A Comparative Analysis of Board Information Disclosures between Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Oluwagbade Oluyinka , Dada Samuel , Adebıyı Ifeoluwa , Osatuyı Ogunyemi , Akpan James
Published: December 2024

This study compared board information disclosures of 19 Nigerian and Ghanaian deposit money banks, focusing on board meeting attendance records, performance, demographics, education, roles, ethics, anticorruption, code of conduct, policy, and shareholding disclosure, highlighting the importance of transparency for trust and informed decision-making.The sample size was 19 banks, comprising 12 banks from Nigeria and 7 banks from Ghana, and the analysis included independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. The study compared board disclosure of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria and Ghana. It found that Ghanaian banks disclosed more board demographic information, while Nigerian banks disclosed more board education and training processes. However, there was no significant difference in the disclosures of board roles, functions, chairman’s roles, CEO’s roles, board members’ age, appointment dates, board change, performance, ethics, anti-corruption, code of conduct, policy, and board shareholding between the two countries. The study reveals that listed deposit banks on the Nigerian exchange group disclose similar information to their counterparts on the Ghanaian stock exchange, except for certain aspects like board demographics and board education and training processes. Nigerian and Ghanaian banks should improve disclosure of board change/re-election information, board ethics, anti-corruption, code of conduct, policy, and board members’ age.