bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytokinin-cytokinin interaction ameliorates the callus induction and plant regeneration of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)
Authors: Ali A. , Yossef T. , El-Banna A.
Published: April 2012

The present study was carried out for developing an efficientin vitrocallus induction and plant regeneration system in four different tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicumMill., previous name:Lycopersicon esculentum), Advantage II, Edkawy, Castle Rock and Super Strain B, using hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. The effects of two cytokinins, BA (benzyl adenine) and Kin (kinetin), on callus induction and plant regeneration frequency were investigated when added to MS medium in combination at varying concentrations. All concentrations of the two cytokinins were suitable for callus induction and plant regeneration. The frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration from both cotyledon and hypocotyl explants reached 100% for all tested genotypes. Cotyledons produced a higher average number of shoots per explants than hypocotyls for all the genotypes in the five concentrations of combined cytokinins. The average number of shoots per explant in Super Strain B was found to be the highest (42 and 60 for the hypocotyl and cotyledon explants, respectively). Supplementing MS medium with 1.0 mg L−1kinetin and 1.0 mg L−1benzyl adenine was found to be optimum for producing the highest number of shoots per explant from hypocotyls and cotyledons in the tomato genotypes investigated. The proposed medium showed a significant superiority over the reference media.
Amelioration of extreme temperature stress in alfalfa seedlings by vitamin C and vitamin B6
Authors: Hamada A. , Metwally A. , El-Shazoly R.
Published: April 2012

Concerns about the vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change are increasing. The establishment of seedlings at early growth stages of crop plants, one of the most important determinants of high yield, is severely affected by extreme temperatures. Therefore, efforts must be made to achieve high germination rate and vigorous early growth under extreme temperature conditions.Alfalfa is a perennial forage crop with high yield, good quality and high protein content, but is frequently exposed to extreme temperature conditions. The primary purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that L-ascorbic acid (AsA) and pyridoxine (B6) pretreatment can completely or partially alleviate the effect of extreme temperature stress on seed germination and other physiological activities of alfalfa seedlings. Such treatment could be of importance for the establishment of alfalfa seedlings under temperature conditions colder or hotter than the optimum.Several parameters were studied in alfalfa seedlings primed before germination with 50 ppm ascorbic acid or 50 ppm pyridoxine for 6 h and then subjected to various temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) for 7 days.The germination percentage of alfalfa seeds was negatively affected by extreme temperature. The vitamin treatments failed to alleviate the depressive effect of extreme temperature stress on seed germination. Extreme temperature also induced a reduction in the growth, total water content and respiration rate of alfalfa seedlings. Seed soaking in vitamins modified the stress-induced changes in respiration rate and growth criteria. Temperatures above or below the optimum stimulated the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in alfalfa seedlings. Treatment with AsA or B6partially or completely retarded the stimulatory effects of extreme temperature on soluble carbohydrate accumulation in the seedlings except in the case of 40 °C, where a significant stimulation was detected. However, extreme temperature stress and its interactive effects with AsA or B6induced an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of free amino acids and soluble proteins in the test seedlings.
Interaction of methylxanthines and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Role of phosphodiesterase inhibition
Authors: Bazzaz Bibi , Lavaei Shokoufeh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: April 2012

Previous studies showed that methylxanthines increased the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the effect of non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (methylxanthines: aminophylline and caffeine) and partially selective PDE inhibitors, dipyridamole and sildenafil, was evaluated on the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin using checkerboard method. Aminophylline at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg/ml reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin (2 μg/ml) 2 and 4 times against S. aureus, and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2 mg/ml reduced the MIC of gentamicin (4 μg/ml) 2 and 4 times, respectively, against P. aeruginosa. Caffeine at concentrations of 1 and 2 mg/ml reduced the MIC of gentamicin (2 μg/ml) 4 and 32 times against S. aureus, and at concentrations of 0.12 and 2 mg/ml reduced the MIC of gentamicin (4 μg/ml) 2 and 4 times, respectively, against P. aeruginosa. However, dipyridamole and sildenafil (32 μg/ml) did not show any effect on MIC of gentamicin against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that methylxanthines could increase gentamicin effects against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa but this effect is not mediated by inhibition of PDE 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11.
Clinical streptococci and their sensitivity to enterocins produced by different strains of the species Enterococcus faecium (Short Communication)
Authors: Kandricáková Anna , Lauková Andrea
Published: April 2012

In children, acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most frequently occurring infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Str. pyogenes. The standard treatment of AOMis provided by antibiotics; however, an increased resistance of the causative agents to antibiotics requires the need to search for innovations. This study was focused on in vitro testing sensitivity of streptococci isolated from AOM to enterocins produced by 9 different origin strains of E. faecium. Enterocins (Ent) represent ribosomally synthesized proteinaceous substances with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria which are produced mostly by strains of the species Enterococcus faecium. Str. pneumoniae were sensitive at least to 1 Ent. Str. pneumoniae SPn 754 was sensitive to 5 Ent. Five Str. pyogenes were sensitive to enterocins. Ent A (P) inhibited the growth of 3 Str. pneumoniae, and 4 Str. pyogenes (activity between 100 and 3,200 AU/ml). Most of Ent inhibited the growth of streptococci tested (100–3,200 AU/ml). Str. pyogenes were more sensitive to Ent than Str. pneumoniae. Although more detailed further studies are required, our results indicate a new possibility for enterocin use.
Attempted immunotherapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with viral and protein vaccines based on Ag85B-ESAT6 in a mouse model
Authors: You Qingrui , Jiang Chunlai , Kong Wei , Wu Yongge
Published: April 2012

The increasing threat of drug-resistant strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb)and co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has worsened the international public health crisis and challenged conventional chemotherapy. Therapeutic vaccines, which possess the capacity to stimulate the immune system and affect the disease progression, deserve reconsideration to aid chemotherapy. Vaccines based on Ag85B-ESAT6 fusion protein were tested as potential immunotherapeutic vaccines against ongoing intravenous infection in a mouse model. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by enumeration of bacilli in infected tissues and by histological examination of the lungs. Ag85B-ESAT6 with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) — monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) did not reduce bacterial load, however induced a sharp weight loss and worsened pathology. Recombinant virus-based vaccines failed to protect mice against tuberculosis either. More efforts should be taken to search for protective candidates and elucidate the mechanism for immunotherapy.
Drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from clinical specimens
Authors: Rahmani Farideh , Fooladi Abbas , Marashi Seyed , Nourani Mohammad
Published: April 2012

Cholera is a serious epidemic and endemic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. SXT is an integrative conjugation element (ICE) that was isolated from a V. cholerae; it encodes resistance to the antibiotics chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. One hundred seven V. cholerae O1 strains were collected from cholera patients in Iran from 2005 to 2007 in order to study the presence of SXT constin and antibiotic resistance.The study examined 107 Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from cholera prevalent in some Iranian provinces. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out according to standard bacteriological methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) to four antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) were determined by broth microdilution method. PCR was employed to evaluate the presence of established antibiotic resistance genes and SXT constin using specific primer sets.The resistance of the clinical isolates to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin was 97%, 99%, 99%, and 90%, respectively. The data obtained by PCR assay showed that the genes sulII, dfrA1, floR, strB, and sxt element were present in 95.3%, 95.3%, 81.3%, 95.3%, and 95.3% of the V. cholerae isolates.The Vibrio strains showed the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype of an SXT constin. They were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprime, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. The detected antibiotic resistance genes included dfrA for trimethoprim and floR, strB, sulII and int, respectively, for chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, as well as the SXT element.
A case of urinary tract infection due to Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow and review of the related literature
Authors: Gulcan Aynur , Bayram Parlak , Levent Belkis , Gulcan Erim
Published: April 2012

Nontyphoid salmonella (NTS) serotypes can cause gastroenteritis, bacteriemia, and focal infections. However, these focal infections, including urinary tract infections (UTI), are occasionally observed; in particular, the presence of several predisposing factors, such as immunodeficiency and structural abnormality in the urinary tract, increase the possibility of the occurrence of infection. We present a case of UTI caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow in an elderly and debilitated patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment resulted in recovery of the patient’s clinical course.
Investigating GaSb(001) Dry Etching by ICP-RIE on a non-Silicon Containing Sample Holder with no Organic Gases
Authors: Albrithen Hamad A. , Petrich Gale S. , Kolodziejski Leslie A. , Salhi Abdelmajid , Almuhanna Abdulrahman A.
Published: April 2012

We report the dry etch of GaSb(001) by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etcher. Silicon Oxide, deposited by PECVD, was used as a mask. The oxide layer proved to be almost unaffected compared to the GaSb, when using chlorine compound gases as etchants (Cl2, BCl3, and SiCl4) as well as argon. This provides high selectivity for GaSb to the mask layer. The sample holder has no silicon that may contribute to the etching process. Etching using Cl2 + Ar showed increase in the etching rate as the chlorine ratio increases; however, the process led to grassy surface and chemical like reaction. The use of SiCl4+Cl2+Ar mixture with low chlorine ratio resulted in anisotropic etch with smooth sides. It has been found for this case that the increase of the chlorine ratio led to an increased etching rate as well. The repeat of previously reported result by Swaminathan et al. [Thin Solid Films 516 (2008) 8712.] yet with a sample holder not having silicon, proved the effect of Si-contribution in producing vertical profile etch with smooth surfaces.
Does Evolution matter?: a case study in Brazil of the effects of an evolutionary-thinking academic atmosphere in postgraduate students' belief in God/religious belief
Authors: Dias Ivan A. , Willemart Rodrigo H. , Marques Antonio C.
Published: April 2012

Although the theory of evolution is more than 150 years old, a substantial proportion of the world population does not mention it when explaining the origin of human beings. The usual alternative conception is offered by creationism, one of the main obstacles to full acceptance of evolution in many countries. National polls have demonstrated that schooling and religiosity are negatively correlated, with scientists being one of the least religious professionals. Herein we analyzed both (1) the profile of 1st semester undergraduate students and (2), thesis and dissertations, concerning religious and evolutionary thoughts from Biology and Veterinary Schools at the largest university of South America. We have shown that students of Biology are biased towards evolution before they enter university and also that the presence of an evolutionary-thinking academic atmosphere influences the deism/religiosity beliefs of postgraduate students.
Effects of 2-chloroetylphosphonic acid on ripening of mango
Authors: Sampaio Vladimir Rodrigues
Published: April 2012

Mature fruits of mango 'Paheri' were treated immediately after harvest with ethefon at 0 - 250 - 500 - 1.000 and 2.000 ppm. Fruit ripening was accelerated by all treatments , the time to maturity being reduced from 48 to 72 hours, when compared with controls. Maturation was evaluated, by external colour of fruits, soluble solids and acid contents.
Factors affecting phosphate fixation in soils of the state of São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues M.R.S. , Mello F.A.F.
Published: April 2012

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effects of chemical and physical characteristics of the soil on the phosphate fixing capacity. One hundred samples collected from various localities were at first characterized chemically and their particlesize distribution determined. They were then tested as to their phosphate fixing capacities. The results obtained were statistically analysed by means of both simple linear and multiple correlation. The following conclusions could be drawn: 1. simple linear regression analysis indicated that % C, exchangeable Al+3, CEC, % clay, pH and % sand were the soil characteristics which significantly affected phosphate fixing capacity of São Paulo State soils; 2. multiple linear regression analysis indicated that % C, exchangeable Mg(+2)9 exchangeable- Al+3 and % clay were the soil characteristics which significantly affected the phosphate fixing capacity of São Paulo State soils; 3. the phosphate phonomena fixing as they occur in the soils of the São Paulo State can be best described by the following equation: Y = -2,266 - 3,484 + 3,514 + 5,559 + 1,005 %C Mg+2 Al+3 % clay exchangeable exchangeable 4. phosphate fixation in the soil is affected by the combined effects of both soil chemical and physical characteristics.
The effect of chlorophenoxy propionamide (Fruitone CPA) on the fruit of banana cv. 'nanicão'
Authors: Sampaio Vladimir R. , Barbin Décio , Franco José Fernandes
Published: April 2012

Fruitone CPA was applied on the two terminals hands of the banana bunch, using the following doses: 0-159-300 and 600 ppm. Fruitone did not affect fruit weightm but increased fruit lenght. This alteration was greater with Fruitone at 600 ppm.
Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Oliveira I. P. , Malavolta E.
Published: April 2012

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.
Growth and exportation of nutrients by apple fruits
Authors: Trani P.E. , Haag H.P. , Catani C.B.
Published: April 2012

In order to obtain informations concerning the dry matter production and extraction of nutrients by the fruits of the varieties 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brasil', a trial was conducted on a Latossol Vermelho Escuro-Orto (USTOX) at Buri , State of São Paulo, Brazil. The fruits were collected from trees grafted on 'Doucin' being 1-2; 3-4; 4-5, and 6-7 years old. Chemical analysis were run on the fruits for: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Mo; as well for the dry mat ter production. The main conclusions are as follows: a) differences were observed on dry matter production of fruits by the two varieties at the different stages of growth; b) differences were observed on exportation of nutrients between the two varieties concerning the fruit growth period- the nutrient exportation by the fruits obeyed following order: K>N>P>S>Ca>Mg>Fe>B > Cu > Mn > Zn > Mo.
Concentration of nutrients in the apple fruits at different ages
Authors: Trani P.E. , Haag H.P. , Dechen A.R. , Catani C.B.
Published: April 2012

On an apple grove situated at Buri, State of São Paulo, fruits were collected from trees 1-2; 3-4; 4-5, and 6 - 7 years old. The fruits were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The authors concluded: a) the concentrations of the nutrients in the fruits differ according to the variety, age of the tree and age of the fruit; b) the concentrations of nutrients decrease with aging of the fruits; c) the concentrations of the macronutrients obey the following order: N>K>P>Ca>S> Mg; d) for the micronutrients, the following order was ob -served: Fe > B > Mn > Cu > Zn.
Indicadores microbianos de qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo
Authors: Lisboa Bruno Brito , Vargas Luciano Kayser , Silveira Andressa Oliveira da , Martins Adriana Ferreira , Selbach Pedro Alberto
Published: April 2012

A atividade agrícola, mediante diferentes práticas de manejo, pode alterar a capacidade produtiva do solo. Assim, há necessidade de se avaliar o impacto de uma determinada prática sobre o solo. Este trabalho analisou diversos atributos microbianos para avaliar a qualidade do solo submetido a diferentes sistemas de preparo e de culturas, em relação a um sistema referência. Os atributos analisados foram a atividade das enzimas β-glicosidase, urease, fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase, juntamente com a determinação da atividade respiratória e da biomassa da microbiota do solo. Os sistemas de manejo avaliados foram os preparos de solo direto (PD) e convencional (PC), e os sistemas de culturas foram duas rotações e pousio no inverno. Além desses sistemas, foi avaliado também o campo natural (CN) - este considerado como condição original do solo para a realização de comparações entre os diferentes manejos. As análises foram realizadas em quatro períodos distintos, ao longo de dois anos agrícolas. Os resultados, nas quatro avaliações, indicaram que a atividade das enzimas, assim como a biomassa e a respiração microbianas, foi menor no PC em relação aos demais sistemas, enquanto o CN e o PD tenderam a apresentar resultados semelhantes, indicando a capacidade do PD em manter a qualidade original do solo. Por sua vez, os sistemas de culturas avaliados não influenciaram significativamente os atributos avaliados.
Soil composition and nutritional status of apple as affected by long-term application of gypsum
Authors: Nava Gilberto , Ernani Paulo Roberto , Sá Alessandra Aparecida de , Pereira Adilson José
Published: April 2012

Gypsum does not affect the soil negative charges and maintains sulfate in the soil solution, making it one of the cheapest products to increase Ca activity in soil solution, especially in the deeper soil layers. Higher Ca levels in the soil solution can increase the uptake of this nutrient by apple trees, reducing the risk of physiological disorders caused by Ca deficiency. This study assessed the effect of long-term gypsum application on some soil properties and on the chemical composition of leaves and fruits of an apple cultivar susceptible to fruit disorders associated with low Ca. The experiment was conducted in São Joaquim, in the South of Brazil, from 2001 to 2009. Gypsum rates of 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 t ha-1 were annually broadcast over the soil surface, without incorporation, in an apple orchard with cultivar ´Catarina´, planted in 1997. Gypsum application over eight consecutive years had no effect on soil exchangeable K and Al to a depth of 80 cm, but increased exchangeable Ca in the sampled layers (0-10, 10-20, 40-60 and 60-80 cm), while exchangeable Mg decreased only in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Gypsum did not affect the concentration of any nutrient in the fruits, including Ca. The same was verified in the leaves, except for Mg which decreased with increased gypsum rate. Despite increasing the availability of Ca in the soil profile to a depth of 80 cm, gypsum was not effective to increase the Ca content in leaves and fruits of an apple cultivar susceptible to Ca deficiency grown in an appropriately limed soil.
Deficiency symptoms and uptake of micronutrients by castor bean grown in nutrient solution
Authors: Lavres Junior José , Cabral Cleusa Pereira , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , Nogueira Thiago Assis Rodrigues , Nogueira Neusa de Lima , Malavolta Eurípedes
Published: April 2012

Castor bean is a nutrient-demanding species, but there is still little information on its micronutrient requirements. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of levels of B (2.5, 12.5 and 25.0 µmol L-1), Cu (0.05, 0.25 and 0.50 µmol L-1), Mn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) and Zn (0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 µmol L-1) in a nutrient solution on plant B, Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations and uptake, vegetative growth and fruit yield of castor bean "Iris", grown in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The first deficiency symptoms were observed for B, followed by Zn, Cu and Mn. The main changes in the cell ultrastructure due to lack of B were thickening of the cell walls and middle lamellae, distorted chloroplasts and tightly stacked thylakoids, besides the absence of starch grains. The Mn, Zn and Cu deficiencies led to disruption of chloroplasts, disintegration of thylakoids and absence of amyloplasts. The concentration and uptake of B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in castor bean plants increased with micronutrient supply in the solution. Fruit yield was drastically reduced by B and Mn deficiencies. On the other hand, the dry matter yield of the shoot and root of castor bean plants was not. In the treatment with full nutrient solution, the leaves accumulated 56 and 48 % of the total B and Mn taken up by the plants, respectively, and the seeds and roots 85 and 61 % of the total Cu and Zn taken up, respectively. This shows the high demand of castor bean Iris for B and Mn for fruit yield.
Physical properties of an Alfisol and no-till soybean yield
Authors: Tavares Filho João , Guimarães Maria de Fátima , Curmi Pierre , Tessier Daniel
Published: April 2012

It is known that any kind of soil management causes changes in the soil physical characteristics and can affect agricultural yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate soil properties of an Alfisol and soybean yield under different management systems for no-tillage annual crops, no-tillage with chiseling and no-tillage crop rotation. The 11-year experiment was initiated in the 1998/99 growing season, on 100 x 30 m plots (11 % slope). Soil samples (5 per management system) were systematically collected (0-25 cm layer) in the summer growing season, to quantify soil organic matter, bulk density, macroporosity and flocculation, as well as soybean yield. The highest values for soil bulk density and organic matter content and the lowest for macroporosity were observed in the no-till system alone, whereas in the no-till system with quarterly chiseling the values for organic matter content were lowest, and no-tillage crop rotation resulted in the highest values for organic matter and macroporosity, and the lowest for soil bulk density. The average soybean yield was highest under no-till and trimestrial chiseling or crop rotation, and lowest for no-tillage annual crops no-tillage annual crops alone.
Soil uses in the sugarcane fallow period to improve chemical and physical properties of two latosols (oxisols)
Authors: Fernandes Carolina , Corá José Eduardo , Marcelo Adolfo Valente
Published: April 2012

Sugarcane production should be integrated with crop diversification with a view to competitive and sustainable results in economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period on the chemical and physical properties of eutroferric Red Latosol - LVef (Oxisol) and Acric Latosol - LVw (Acric Oxisol), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º14'05'' S, 48º17'09'' W, 600 m asl). A randomized block design was used with five replications and four treatments, consisting of different soil uses (crops) in the sugarcane fallow period: soybean only, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean, and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean. After two soybean crops, the LVef chemical properties remained at intermediate to high levels; while those of the LVw, classified as intermediate to high in the beginning, increased to high levels. Thus, the different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period allowed the maintenance of LVef fertility levels and the improvement of those of the LVw. Two soybean crops increased macroporosity in the 0.0-0.1 m layer of the LVef; reduced soil aggregates in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers of both soils, and reduced aggregate stability in these two layers of the LVw. Planting pearl millet or sunn hemp between the two soybean growing seasons promoted the formation of larger soil aggregates in the surface layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the LVw.
Caracterização molecular e variabilidade genética entre porta-enxertos de pessegueiro com base em marcadores codominantes
Authors: Paula Luciane Arantes de , Bianchi Valmor João , Fachinello José Carlos
Published: April 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um padrão para a caracterização molecular e a diferenciação de porta-enxertos de pessegueiro, bem como estimar parâmetros de variabilidade genética com base em marcadores codominantes. Catorze genótipos foram avaliados com uso de iniciadores para locos microssatélites das séries BPPCT e UDP, e para locos STS e SCAR. O perfil eletroforético foi registrado quanto à presença ou à ausência de bandas, as quais foram usadas para calcular a similaridade genética entre cultivares, por meio do coeficiente "simple matching", e para a análise de agrupamento de cultivares, pelo método das médias aritméticas não ponderadas (UPGMA). Foram calculados: número de alelos por loco, frequências alélicas, heterozigosidade esperada e observada, endogamia e conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC). Os 18 locos avaliados produziram 82 polimorfismos e permitiram elaborar um dendrograma que discriminou os genótipos em três grupos principais. A heterozigosidade esperada e observada nos 18 locos SSR foi de 0, 66 e 0, 22, respectivamente. Valores máximos para endogamia (1, 0) foram identificados nos locos UDP 98407, UDP 98412, BPPCT 034, BPPCT 016, SCAR-SCAL 19 e STS OPAP4. O PIC variou de 0, 81, para SCAR-SCAL 19, a 0, 46, para UDP 98407. O polimorfismo dos 18 marcadores possibilita obter acurada relação genética entre os genótipos de pessegueiro avaliados e identificar os mais contrastantes para uso em programas de melhoramento.
Behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs reared in deep bedding
Authors: Caldara Fabiana R. , Rosa Poliana S. G. , Ferreira Rony A. , Reis Nayana M. de O. , Nääs Irenilza de A. , Paz Ibiara C. de L. A. , Garcia Rodrigo G. , Ferreira Viviane M. O. dos S.
Published: April 2012

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior, performance and physiological parameters of pigs in different production systems. Twenty four animals in the growth phase were distributed in a randomized block design in three treatments: T1 - concrete floor, T2 - deep bedding with wood shaving, and T3 - deep bedding with coffee husks. The behavioral study was carried out by observing the animal behavior for an uninterrupted period of eight hours throughout seven weeks. The proportions of time spent in each behavior were characterized using the frequency histogram composition. Environmental (IBGTH), physiological (rectal and skin temperature and respiratory rate) and performance (weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) parameters were measured in animals during the period. The production systems of deep bedding showed higher values of IBGTH. There was no effect of production systems evaluated on the performance parameters. Rectal temperature was higher in animals reared on deep bedding with coffee husks in relation to the concrete floor. The use of deep bedding benefited the behavior of piglets in the growth phase and it reduced the agonistic behavior among individuals.
Anaerobic biodigestion of pigs feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages fed with diets formulated with corn or sorghum
Authors: Miranda Adélia P. , Lucas Junior Jorge de , Thomaz Maria C. , Pereira Gener T. , Fukayama Ellen H.
Published: April 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and the production of biogas and biofertilizer obtained from biodigester supplied with pig feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages, fed with diets formulated based on corn or sorghum. Twenty bench biodigesters were used with hydraulic retention time of 30 days and daily loads that contained 4 to 6% of total solids (TS) and 3.6 to 5.2% of volatile solids (VS). In the effluent of the biodigesters, mean levels of TS were observed ranging between 1.6 and 2.0% and of VS between 1.2 and 1.6%. The mean reductions of TS were 57.7 to 64.7% and of VS from 61.7 to 69.0%, and there was only difference in the finishing phase, in which the major averages reductions were produced by the biodigesters supplied with feces from animals fed with diets based on corn. In biodigesters supplied with feces from animals in the initial and growing stages fed with diets based on corn, were observed higher average productions of biogas and the greatest average potentials of biogas production. The average potentials obtained were 0.033; 0.181; 0.685; 0.788 and 1.132 m³ per kg of affluent, manure, TS added, VS added and VS reduced, respectively. No differences were found on the average content of methane in the biogas between diets and stages. The average concentrations of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the biodigester affluent and effluent, ranged between diets and stages.
Comparison measures of maps generated by geostatistical methods
Authors: Dalposso Gustavo H. , Uribe-Opazo Miguel A. , Mercante Erivelto , Johann Jerry A. , Borssoi Joelmir A.
Published: April 2012

This study uses several measures derived from the error matrix for comparing two thematic maps generated with the same sample set. The reference map was generated with all the sample elements and the map set as the model was generated without the two points detected as influential by the analysis of local influence diagnostics. The data analyzed refer to the wheat productivity in an agricultural area of 13.55 ha considering a sampling grid of 50 x 50 m comprising 50 georeferenced sample elements. The comparison measures derived from the error matrix indicated that despite some similarity on the maps, they are different. The difference between the estimated production by the reference map and the actual production was of 350 kilograms. The same difference calculated with the mode map was of 50 kilograms, indicating that the study of influential points is of fundamental importance to obtain a more reliable estimative and use of measures obtained from the error matrix is a good option to make comparisons between thematic maps.
Uso de substâncias na adolescência e problemas familiares
Authors: Malbergier André , Cardoso Luciana Roberta Donola , Amaral Ricardo Abrantes do
Published: April 2012

Esta pesquisa visou a avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias (álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) e problemas familiares numa amostra de 965 adolescentes em 50 escolas públicas de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. Foi utilizado o Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) para a coleta de dados. O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado à avaliação negativa da relação familiar, à falta de suporte/monitoramento e ao uso de substâncias por familiares (p < 0,05). Os estudantes que relataram ter feito uso de substâncias apresentaram mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que não consumiram nenhuma substância (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes que usaram álcool e tabaco (p = 0,028) e drogas ilícitas (p < 0,001) relataram ter mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que usaram apenas álcool. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se ficar atento ao consumo de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes, já que o relato do consumo das duas substâncias esteve associado a prejuízos familiares significativos, semelhantes ao uso de drogas ilícitas.
Unsafe abortion: social determinants and health inequities in a vulnerable population in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Fusco Carmen L. B. , Silva Rebeca de Souza e , Andreoni Solange
Published: April 2012

This cross-sectional population-based study in a peripheral low-income community in São Paulo, Brazil, aimed to estimate the prevalence of unsafe abortion and identify the socio-demographic characteristics associated with it and its morbidity. The article discusses the study's results, based on univariate and multiple multinomial logistic regression analyses. The final regression models included: age at first intercourse < 16 years (OR = 4.80); > 2 sex partners in the previous year (OR = 3.63); more live born children than the woman's self-reported ideal number (OR = 3.09); acceptance of the abortion due to insufficient economic conditions (OR = 4.07); black ethnicity/color (OR = 2.67); and low schooling (OR = 2.46), all with p < 0.05. The discussion used an approach to social determinants of health based on the concept and model adopted by the WHO and the health inequities caused by such determinants in the occurrence of unsafe abortion. According to the findings, unsafe abortion and socio-demographic characteristics are influenced by the social determinants of health described in the study, generating various levels of health inequities in this low-income population.
Autoavaliação da saúde em idosos: pesquisa de base populacional no Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo , Neri Anita Liberalesso
Published: April 2012

Nesta pesquisa, analisou-se a autoavaliação da saúde em idosos segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de comportamentos relacionados à saúde. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra por conglomerados, que utilizou dados de inquérito realizado em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil (ISACamp 2008/2009). Foram estimadas razões de prevalências ajustadas por meio de regressão múltipla de Poisson. Participaram do estudo 1.432 idosos. A prevalência de saúde excelente/muito boa foi 24,6% e significativamente mais elevada nos idosos com maior escolaridade, maior renda, sem religião, que moravam sozinhos, tinham computador em casa, consumiam bebida alcoólica de uma a quatro vezes por mês, praticavam atividade física no lazer, não eram obesos e consumiam frutas e verduras quatro vezes ou mais por semana. Alguns dos achados são pouco encontrados na literatura e sinalizam temas relevantes para novas investigações. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de maior atenção aos segmentos socialmente mais vulneráveis e do desenvolvimento de estratégias de promoção de hábitos saudáveis entre os idosos.
Hiperlordose lombar em crianças e adolescentes de uma escola privada no Sul do Brasil: ocorrência e fatores associados
Authors: Lemos Adriana Torres de , Santos Fábio Rosa dos , Gaya Adroaldo Cezar Araujo
Published: April 2012

A avaliação da postura corporal durante a infância e adolescência permite a detecção de alterações em fases iniciais e a adoção de medidas preventivas. Avaliou-se a ocorrência de hiperlordose lombar e fatores associados em 467 crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 16 anos de idade de uma escola de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A hiperlordose lombar foi definida como aumento da curvatura lombar avaliada por meio de fotografia. Verificou-se 78% de ocorrência da patologia. Os fatores positivamente associados a essa alteração postural foram sexo feminino (RP = 1,08; IC95%: 1,03; 1,13), força/resistência abdominal abaixo do percentil 20 (RP = 1,10; IC95%: 1,05; 1,15) e flexibilidade abaixo do percentil 20 (RP = 1,07; IC95%: 1,01; 1,12). A hiperlordose lombar se associou negativamente à mobilidade lombar (RP = 0,90; IC95%: 0,85; 0,96) e à estatura (RP = 0,995; IC95%: 0,99; 0,999). Estratégias efetivas que melhorem os níveis de aptidão física de escolares são necessárias, tendo em vista que baixos níveis de força e flexibilidade foram associados à hiperlordose lombar.
Escala de Vitalidade Subjetiva - EVS: evidências de sua adequação psicométrica
Authors: Gouveia Valdiney V. , Milfont Taciano L. , Gouveia Rildésia S. V. , Medeiros Emerson Diógenes de , Vione Kátia Correa , Soares Ana Karla Silva
Published: April 2012

Esta pesquisa objetivou reunir evidências psicométricas de adequação da Escala de Vitalidade Subjetiva (EVS), realizando-se três estudos. No Estudo 1 200 estudantes universitários responderam a EVS. O instrumento mostrou uma estrutura fatorial unidimensional (α = 0,73). No Estudo 2 participaram outros 200 estudantes universitários que responderam o mesmo questionário. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) corroborou esta estrutura, embora o item 2 tenha sido pouco adequado. Assim, realizou-se nova AFC excluindo-o. Os resultados foram melhores do que quando considerados todos os itens (α = 0,75). O Estudo 3 replicou estes resultados com 200 professores do ensino fundamental, testando também a validade convergente da EVS com a satisfação com a vida. Concluiu-se que este instrumento reúne evidências psicométricas que apóiam seu uso.
Percepções e sentimentos de gestantes sobre o pré-natal
Authors: Piccinini Cesar Augusto , Carvalho Fernanda Torres de , Ourique Luciana Rubensan , Lopes Rita Sobreira
Published: April 2012

Foram investigadas percepções e sentimentos de gestantes sobre a assistência pré-natal e se as demandas emocionais eram consideradas no atendimento. Participaram 36 gestantes, 20 a 35 anos, de escolaridades variadas, que responderam a entrevistas sobre a gestação e o pré-natal. Análise de conteúdo revelou a importância do pré-natal, especialmente da ultrassonografia, na redução das preocupações sobre a própria saúde e a do bebê, e no vínculo mãe-bebê. Destacou ainda a importância dos profissionais de saúde, familiares e amigos como fontes de apoio e informação. Contudo, apareceram preocupações sobre a assistência pré-natal e quanto às demandas emocionais, que não foram atendidas. Discute-se a importância de se considerar estas demandas no pré-natal, assim como da humanização deste atendimento.
Processos de significação no primeiro ano de vida
Authors: Amorim Kátia de Souza
Published: April 2012

Estudos prévios sugerem indícios de significação em bebês, instigando verificar sua ocorrência. Investigou-se o processo por meio de estudos de caso de bebês (5-12 meses), que frequentavam creche. Foram realizadas entrevistas e videogravações, sendo analisado microgeneticamente com base na Rede de Significações. Mapeou-se, nos vídeos, todos aparecimentos das crianças. Comportamentos que indicassem possíveis processos de significação foram recortados e analisados. Quatro casos são apresentados. Significações (como irritação, pedir/tomar objeto) e recursos de significação (como estender braços, abrir e girar palma da mão) foram considerados coconstruídos desde o nascimento, apesar de nem sempre serem reconhecidos pelos parceiros. No processo, destaca-se o papel da corporeidade. Os resultados desdobram discussões sobre desenvolvimento, abrindo questões que demandam novas incursões e aprofundamentos.
Relacionismo substancial: a ontologia do comportamento à luz do behaviorismo radical
Authors: Zilio Diego
Published: April 2012

Sob a influência do pragmatismo e contextualismo pepperiano, analistas do comportamento extraíram do behaviorismo radical qualquer posição ontológica. Como resultado, há a defesa de um relacionismo radical no qual a única propriedade relevante para a existência do comportamento é a própria relação que o define. O objetivo deste ensaio é avaliar a pertinência dessa posição. Três questões guiram esse trabalho: (1) Por que a substância não é importante para o behaviorismo radical?; (2) Por que a substância é importante para o behaviorismo radical?; e (3) Qual seria, de fato, o posicionamento ontológico mais condizente com o behaviorismo radical? Argumenta-se que o relacionismo radical não reflete com acurácia a ontologia behaviorista radical e sugere-se que o relacionismo substancial seja a posição mais coerente.
Imigrantes da Bolívia na escola em São Paulo: fronteiras do direito à educação
Authors: Magalhães Giovanna Modé , Schilling Flávia
Published: April 2012

Entender como está sendo realizado o direito humano à educação para os e as imigrantes da Bolívia que vivem em São Paulo é o principal objetivo deste estudo, que se insere no ponto de encontro entre dois debates globais contemporâneos: de um lado, os que envolvem a complexidade das migrações internacionais e, de outro, os que tratam das tensões relativas à universalização de direitos em sociedades desiguais e discriminatórias. Ao longo da pesquisa, analisamos a legislação nacional e internacional e percorremos a literatura contemporânea sobre migrações internacionais e sua interface com o campo dos Direitos Humanos, em especial problematizando a relação entre os direitos de todos e os direitos dos cidadãos - dado que muitos que integram o grupo pesquisado vivem em situação irregular no Brasil, o que não lhes tira a garantia da realização de direitos fundamentais. Para uma melhor compreensão dessa dinâmica, visitamos locais de convivência dos imigrantes bolivianos(as) na cidade, realizamos encontros com representantes das organizações que atuam com o tema e, finalmente, fizemos 16 entrevistas com estudantes, mães, pais, professores(as) e funcionários de escolas públicas da capital.
Chinos y gamines: imágenes de los habitantes pobres de Bogotá en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Palermo Yeimy Cárdenas
Published: April 2012

En el artículo se tejen algunos indicios que permiten poner en escena las formas como los niños pobres o los hijos de los habitantes pobres de la ciudad de Bogotá fueron diferenciados de la infancia "normal", en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Acudiendo a discursos de especialistas, voces de reformistas educativos y periodistas se evidencia que la diferenciación fue producida mediante la estigmatización de los lugares sociales de los niños pobres, a través de la imagen de los chinos y los gamines. Imágenes que resultan paradigmáticas para desentrañar la deslegitimación de las estructuras familiares, de las trayectorias escolares y de los modos de habitar la ciudad de los niños y niñas de los sectores populares, dada la articulación, infundada y temeraria que se estableció entre la vida de los pobres y la delincuencia infantil.
Teses e dissertações sobre gênero e desempenho escolar no Brasil (1993 - 2007): um estado da arte
Authors: Carvalho Marília Pinto de
Published: April 2012

Resultado de levantamento exaustivo - que localizou 71 estudos - das teses e das dissertações produzidas no Brasil, entre 1993 e 2007, sobre as diferenças de desempenho escolar entre os sexos, este artigo enfoca 21 trabalhos cujos achados nos pareceram mais relevantes. São pesquisas predominantemente qualitativas e que abordam, principalmente, as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas em diferentes regiões do País, tanto em áreas urbanas como rurais. Permitem afirmar alguma homogeneidade na cultura escolar, em especial nessas séries, no que tange às opiniões das professoras, reafirmando diferenças de comportamento entre meninos e meninas e atribuindo essas diferenças à socialização familiar. São escassas as pesquisas que incorporam as falas das crianças e escassos os estudos sobre as camadas médias. Do ponto de vista teórico, poucas pesquisas articulam o gênero a outros determinantes sociais e raras demonstram uma apreensão complexa das relações de gênero no campo simbólico, para além da interação homem- mulher.
O limiar da experiência estética: contribuições para pensar um percurso de subjetivação
Authors: Pereira Marcos Villela
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho coloca em análise algumas concepções sobre arte, obra de arte, atitude estética e experiência estética com o intuito de propor o exercício da racionalidade estética como uma ampliação da capacidade dos sujeitos para orientar sua percepção e compreensão ante as infinitas possibilidades da existência. A razão estética habilita o sujeito para que se concebam mundos não apenas a partir de e/ou sobre esquemas referenciais, mas a partir de e sobre a experiência da presentificação do que existe, do ser-aí, da história efeitual e da desrealização dos limites estabelecidos pelas formas tradicionais de racionalidade. Postulo a ideia da experiência estética como uma oportunidade de ampliação, de desvelamento e de expansão da subjetividade na medida em que representa uma abertura para a coleção de exemplos que são a arte e a vida. A atitude estética é uma atitude desinteressada, é uma abertura, uma disponibilidade não tanto para a coisa ou o acontecimento "em si", naquilo que ele tem de consistência, mas para os efeitos que ele pode produzir.
Child's development problems and early intervention
Authors: Franco Vítor , Melo Madalena , Apolónio Ana
Published: April 2012

Early intervention is a multidisciplinary practice which seeks to respond both to the needs of children with developmental disabilities and those who are at risk, surpassing the old models of early stimulation. The problem of deciding which children and families should be supported, and the requirements for planning of interventions, stress the importance of a clear characterization, or diagnosis, of children and contexts. In the model underlying the network of Early Intervention, locally based, implemented in a wide region of Portugal, are emphasized relational and contextual dimensions of development and risk. The authors are developing practices and tools for better eligibility of cases and technical guidance intervention focused more on the actual needs of the child, family and context. Here are presented the results of the use of DOEI - Diagnosis Organization in Early Intervention - in the characterization of the development problems and risk of a total of 1.169 children and their contexts.
Escalas de desenvolvimento infantil e o uso com bebês
Authors: Rodrigues Olga Maria Piazentin Rolim
Published: April 2012

O presente estudo pretendeu descrever as escalas (testes ou inventários) comumente utilizadas para a avaliação do desenvolvimento de bebês, em termos de objetivos, população a quem se destina, material sugerido, o que avaliam e critérios de avaliação. Pretendeu, também, analisar estudos que utilizaram os instrumentos aqui arrolados, a partir do final da década de 90, considerando os objetivos, a população avaliada e os principais resultados obtidos e, finalmente, identificar profissionais da saúde que têm feito uso deles, a partir dos artigos publicados. O estudo aponta para o papel importante da avaliação de bebês como fonte de informação que subsidia tomadas de decisão acerca da elaboração de programas de intervenção precoce ou essencial. Todavia, observa-se a escassez de instrumentos padronizados para a população infantil brasileira.