bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um plano para a paisagem cultural do Serro, Brasil: novas possibilidades para o patrimônio
Authors: Castriota Leonardo Barci
Published: August 2020

Dentro da perspectiva aberta pela expansão do conceito de patrimônio, algumas novas

ideias desempenharam um papel inovador. Uma delas é a “paisagem cultural”, combinando

aspectos tangíveis e intangíveis do conceito, muitas vezes considerados separadamente,

indicando interações significativas entre o homem e o meio ambiente. Este conceito

parece oferecer uma perspectiva rica quando se aplica às ideias tradicionais no campo

da preservação. A partir deste entendimento ampliado, parece possível propor estratégias

integradas de intervenção nos centros históricos, que podem oferecer respostas mais

completas ao complexo desafio de preservação urbana. Como estudo de caso, este

trabalho apresenta um plano produzido para a cidade de Serro (MG, Brasil), um projeto de

recuperação de práticas agrícolas tradicionais que servem como ferramenta para tratar e

preservar de maneira sustentável a paisagem cultural de um núcleo urbano protegido.

Dentro de la perspectiva abierta por la expansión del concepto de patrimonio, algunas nuevas ideas

han jugado un papel innovador. Una de ellas será el “paisaje cultural” que combina aspectos tangibles e

intangibles del concepto, a menudo considerado por separado, indicando las interacciones significativas

entre el hombre y el medio ambiente. Este concepto parece ofrecer una perspectiva rica cuando se aplica

también a las ideas tradicionales del campo de la conservación. A partir de este entendimiento ampliado,

parece posible proponer estrategias integradas de intervención sobre los centros históricos que pueden

ser respuestas más completas al complejo reto de la conservación urbana. Como estudio de caso, este

artículo presenta un plan producido para la ciudad de Serro (MG, Brasil), un proyecto de rescate de las

prácticas agrícolas tradicionales que servirá de insumo para tratar y preservar de manera sostenible el

paisaje cultural de un núcleo urbano protegido.

Within the perspective opened by the expansion of the concept of heritage, some new ideas have played

an innovative role. One will be the “cultural landscape” that combines inextricably tangible and intangible

aspects of the concept, often considered separately, indicating significant interactions between man and

the environment. This concept seems to offer a rich perspective when applied to traditional ideas of

the field of conservation. From this expanded understanding, it seems possible to propose integrated

strategies of intervention in historical centers that can be more comprehensive responses to the complex

challenge of urban conservation. As a case study, this paper presents a plan produced for the city of

Serro (MG, Brazil) that tries to sustainably preserve the cultural landscape of a protected village in the

hinterlands of Brazil, by rescuing its traditional agricultural practices.
Danceageddon
Authors: Lewis James R. ,   Academic Publishing
Published: August 2020

Falun Gong was originally a qigong group that entered into conflict with the Chinese state around the turn of the century. It gradually transformed into both a religious group and a political movement. Exiled to the United States, the founder-leader, Li Hongzhi, acquired property near Cuddebackville, New York, which he subsequently designated Dragon Springs. Dragon Springs, in turn, became the headquarters of Shen Yun Performing Arts, an ambitious touring dance and music company that claims to embody the traditional culture of China prior to its subversion by the Chinese Communist Party. Though Li’s earlier eschatology emphasized that individuals needed to become Falun Gong practitioners in order to survive the imminent apocalypse, the significant success of Shen Yun seems to have prompted Li Hongzhi to rewrite his eschatology, which now emphasizes that all one need do in order to be “saved” is to view live Shen Yun performances.
The Shattered Soul
Authors: Knight Amanda C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

This article argues that Augustine’s understanding of the internal dynamics of number, order, and weight as they pertain to corporeal creatures supplies the basis for an analogy which characterizes the process of the soul’s reformation. In other words, Augustine understands the soul’s simplicity in an analogous manner to the simplicity of corporeal creatures, and the simplicity of corporeal creatures is determined by the relations between number, order, and weight. This analogy shows that Augustine conceives of the soul as a composite entity with different loves as its constituent parts. In the process of reformation, the soul acquires an ordered disposition as those loves become more like one another. By virtue of this ordered disposition, the soul also acquires a greater degree of integration or number because the likeness of weight among its constituent parts allows the soul to move as a unity toward God as its final end.
REPÚBLICA E CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988: OU CONSTITUIÇÃO SEM REPÚBLICA?
Authors: Bahia Alexandre Gustavo Melo Franco Moraes , Bacha e Silva Diogo
Published: August 2020

O texto percorre a história constitucional brasileira para demonstrar qual o ideário republicano que permeia a construção da história do nosso constitucionalismo. Indaga-se a efetiva existência de práticas republicanas na Constituição de 1988, a partir da história constitucional, bem como alguns problemas que inviabilizam a caracterização da República na Constituição de 1988. Dentre tais problemas, situa-se a reforma política, a cultura de golpe de estado e o presidencialismo de coalizão. Através de um método histórico-conceitual e jurídico-reflexivo, a conclusão é que ainda temos um projeto republicano inacabado.
SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR VS. GLOBALIZAÇÃO ECONÔMICA: POSSÍVEIS AMEAÇAS À SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL, À BIODIVERSIDADE E AOS DIREITOS HUMANOS AGROALIMENTARES
Authors: Maniglia Elisabete , Carvalho Neto Gil Ramos de
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa a segurança alimentar e os direitos humanos a ela relacionados sob a ótica da globalização econômica, tendo por base o atual modelo de produção agrícola e como o mesmo afeta a sustentabilidade ambiental, a biodiversidade e os direitos humanos agroalimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de verificar se é possível que a atual agricultura, inserida no contexto da globalização econômica, permite a existência de uma verdadeira segurança alimentar, que zele pela sustentabilidade ambiental, pela proteção da biodiversidade e que seja capaz de respeitar e atender aos direitos humanos relacionados ao âmbito agroalimentar. A análise metodológica escolhida é o método indutivo. Conclui-se que o modelo atual predominante de produção agrícola, institucionalizado para atender aos interesses de alguns em detrimento da maioria da sociedade, não é a melhor opção para a busca da segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade ambiental, a proteção à biodiversidade e o respeito aos direitos humanos agroalimentares.
OS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS E A RATIO DECIDENDI: O EXEMPLO DA ADPF 130/DF
Authors: Osna Gustavo
Published: August 2020

O processo civil brasileiro contemporâneo vem, constantemente, colocando a matéria dos precedentes vinculantes como um dos seus importantes pontos de análise. O presente artigo se insere nessa quadra, avaliando o que motiva esse discurso e indicando a necessidade de que se compreenda a dimensão objetiva de um precedente vinculante, identificando, em um contexto decisório, o que deve ou não vincular. Ganham força, então, conceitos como ratio decidendi e holding. Na sequência, apresenta-se a ADPF 130/DF como um exemplo concreto em que a má-compreensão desse pilar vem gerando uma leitura distorcida do posicionamento atingido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal.
Burnout na atividade docente: evidências de um estudo envolvendo instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Sousa Juliana Carvalho de , Oliveira Agostinha Mafalda Barra de , Silva Pablo Marlon Medeiros da , Brito Lydia Maria Pinto
Published: August 2020

The present research has the objective of investigating a relationship of the social, institutional and emotional aspects with Burnout syndrome incidence in teachers of higher education institutions in the city of Mossoró, RN. We chose a descriptive, quantitative research, and descriptive and inferential statistics, using Pearson's analysis as a statistical technique. A sample was attended by 103 teachers from three higher education institutions in the city of Mossoró. The results showed that among the investigated teachers, 43.7% had high levels of emotional exhaustion, 22.3% manifested levels of depersonalization, and 53.4% pointed of low professional achievement, generally revealing that 41% of respondents are a strong trend towards the development of a syndrome. Regarding correlations, among the analyzed aspects, all evidenced variables that showed a significant correlation. In this way, it can be inferred that the syndrome is multicausal.
O TRABALHO COM ORALIDADE NA ALFABETIZAÇÃO: DA FORMAÇÃO ÀS VIVÊNCIAS EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Ávila-Nóbrega Paulo Vinícius
Published: August 2020

A oralidade precisa ser pensada como um caminho para preparar sujeitos protagonistas das suas vivências reais com a linguagem. Nosso intuito é apresentar 02 práticas com oralidade realizadas em 02 turmas, em um curso de formação continuada de professores do Ciclo da Alfabetização, na cidade de Patos/Paraíba, no ano de 2018. Nos pautamos em pesquisas de Crescitelli e Reis (2011), Vieira e Leitão (2014), Faraco (2012), BNCC (BRASIL, 2018). Coletamos os dados em vivências didáticas das formações. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de eleger a língua oral como conteúdo escolar de atividades sistemáticas de fala.
ATIVIDADES DE ENSINO E INTERAÇÃO ENTRE PARES: FAVORECENDO O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS DISCURSIVAS EM LE
Authors: Gomes Rita de Cássia
Published: August 2020

Levar os aprendizes a falar no idioma estrangeiro constitui umas das missões de todo docente e, ao mesmo tempo, uma orientação das metodologias de ensino em voga atualmente. Sendo assim, refletir acerca das ferramentas a serem utilizadas para alcançar este feito torna-se fundamental, sobretudo em contextos onde a fala na língua estrangeira é restrita ao ambiente da sala de aula. No presente artigo apresento, com base em obras relacionadas à questão, as contribuições de um ensino em que é favorecida a interação entre pares por meio de atividades didáticas que propiciem o desenvolvimento de competências para se comunicar em LE. Palavras-chave: Atividades didáticas. Produção oral. Interação entre pares.
O TRABALHO COM O ORAL PÚBLICO NO ENSINO MÉDIO: A APRESENTAÇÃO ORAL EM FOCO
Authors: Frank Kersch Dorotea , GONÇALVES DE OLIVEIRA RAQUEL
Published: August 2020

O ensino da oralidade vem ganhando espaço nos livros didáticos, na pesquisa e  nas escolas, provavelmente impulsionado pelos documentos oficiais que orientam as práticas de linguagem na escola, inicialmente os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e, mais recentemente, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. O  objetivo deste artigo é discutir como o trabalho com o gênero apresentação oral, desenvolvido na perspectiva de projeto, pode levar ao desenvolvimento do uso monitorado da modalidade oral da língua e promover a ampliação dos multiletramentos. No momento de seu ensino, os gêneros não podem ser vistos isoladamente, mas na sua interconexão com outros, em forma de rede.
A ORALIDADE EM SALA DE AULA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O TRABALHO COM GÊNEROS ORAIS A PARTIR DO USO DE MATERIAIS DIDÁTICOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Cecilia , Batista Jeize De Fátima
Published: August 2020

Este artigo busca refletir acerca da conceitualização e utilização dos gêneros orais como instrumentos no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa. Nesse sentido, fundamenta-se nos pressupostos sociointeracionistas de linguagem, os quais pautam-se na perspectiva dos gêneros textuais. Assim, objetiva-se verificar o espaço dado aos gêneros orais a partir da análise de material didático destinado ao Ensino Fundamental. Na análise, percebe-se a prevalência de atividades que contemplem os gêneros escritos; ademais, a utilização dos gêneros orais como objeto aponta para situações diversas: ora exploram-se características da oralidade; ora usa-se o oral em atividades cujo foco é a escrita.
AS DIMENSÕES ENSINÁVEIS DO GÊNERO TEXTUAL “A COMUNICAÇÃO ORAL EM EVENTOS CIENTÍFICOS”
Authors: ZANI JULIANA BACAN , Bueno Luzia , Dolz Joaquim
Published: August 2020

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as dimensões ensináveis do gênero “a comunicação oral em eventos científicos”, de modo a possibilitar aos professores de nível superior desenvolverem diferentes atividades, ou até mesmo sequências didáticas para ensinar os alunos a produzirem esse gênero de texto. Baseamo-nos no quadro teórico metodológico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo – ISD (BRONCKART, 1999/2009, 2006, 2008, 2013) e na complementação do quadro, por nós realizada, tanto para as questões do texto falado e os marcadores conversacionais, quanto para os aspectos não-verbais para realizar nossas análises e nos apoiamos no modelo didático do gênero exposição oral, elaborado por Schneuwly e Dolz (2004). A caracterização e a modelização didática desse gênero acadêmico oral e multimodal, baseado no quadro teórico metodológico do ISD, permite estabelecer uma matriz das dimensões regulares do gênero que merecem ser abordadas na formação universitária.
Les associations féminines, un capital pour la visibilité sociale et culturelle des femmes rurales ivoiriennes
Authors: Ehui Prisca Justine
Published: August 2020

Cette étude se fixe pour objectif de montrer comment les associations sont mobilisées par les femmes de deux villages de l’est de la Côte d’Ivoire dans la dynamisation des traditionnels rapports homme-femme. Les données de terrain ont été collectées dans ces deux villages à l’aide de guide d’entretien auprès de différents acteurs. Les résultats montrent les impacts positifs de l’adhésion des femmes aux associations sur leur visibilité économique, sociale et culturelle. En clair, les organisations féminines remplissent des fonctions sociales et culturelles dans la réidentification et le repositionnement social et culturel des femmes rurales au sein de leur famille et de leur communauté.
Guest editorial. Professions under suspicion: what role for professional ethics and commitment in contemporary societies?
Authors: Carvalho Teresa , Correia Tiago , Serra Helena
Published: August 2020

The rising distrust and the surveillance over expert knowledge highlights how the professions and societies maintain a paradoxical relationship: the latter both needs as much as it suspects the former. This tension requires a sociological reading able to clarify the role of ethics and professional commitments. This constitutes the underlying thread for this thematic dossier. Within its scope, readers shall encounter theoretical and empirical contribution that enable a better interpretation of the relationships between professions and societies and thereby better grasping the processes that generically frame the ideas around the suspicion of the professions.
O sentido de voto dos eleitores residentes no estrangeiro, 1976-2011
Authors: Belchior Ana Maria , Lisi Marco , Abrantes Manuel , Azevedo Joana
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar o sentido de voto dos portugueses residentes no estrangeiro durante o período democrático (1976-2011), em eleições legislativas, europeias e presidenciais, assim como o papel do sistema de partidos no estrangeiro na mobilização eleitoral e na explicação do sentido de voto. As duas tendências mais importantes que emergem dizem respeito: em primeiro lugar, ao acentuado decréscimo da participação eleitoral deste eleitorado nos dois círculos da emigração, em todos os tipos de eleições; e, em segundo lugar, a uma sistemática maior concentração de votos nos dois principais partidos, em especial no PSD no que respeita ao círculo de fora da Europa.
Me canso de ser hombre: paternidad periférica en el trabajo minero chileno
Authors: Silva Jimena , Salinas Paulina
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se analizan los significados del ser padre trabajador bajo sistemas de turno en la industria minera. Se realizaron entrevistas. Concluimos que estos hombres, al igual que otros trabajadores latinoamericanos, comparten el malestar entre el modelo de masculinidad / cabeza de familia versus responder a las demandas sociales. Se observa que los símbolos con poder de mandatos fijos e incuestionables, han quedado desnudos en la relación padre-hijo, mostrando su resquebrajamiento. Cambios que desvalorizan y desacreditan la figura del padre en la escena familiar, acentuada con las altas exigencias de flexibilidad laboral minera.
Changing how we evaluate research is difficult, but not impossible
Authors: Hatch Anna , Curry Stephen
Published: August 2020

The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) was published in 2013 and described how funding agencies, institutions, publishers, organizations that supply metrics, and individual researchers could better evaluate the outputs of scientific research. Since then DORA has evolved into an active initiative that gives practical advice to institutions on new ways to assess and evaluate research. This article outlines a framework for driving institutional change that was developed at a meeting convened by DORA and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The framework has four broad goals: understanding the obstacles to changes in the way research is assessed; experimenting with different approaches; creating a shared vision when revising existing policies and practices; and communicating that vision on campus and beyond.
Nectar robbing in the trainbearers (Lesbia, Trochilidae)
Authors: Igić Boris , Nguyen Ivory , Fenberg Phillip B.
Published: August 2020

Many flower visitors engage in floral larceny, a suite of so-called ’illegitimate’ visits in which foragers take nectar without providing pollination services. The data on prevalence of illegitimate visits among hummingbirds, as well as the total proportion of foraging and diet that such visits comprise is broadly lacking. Here, we report the occurrence of nectar larceny in the two currently recognized species of trainbearers and analyze the proportion of plant visits categorized by mode of interaction as: robbing, theft, and/or pollination. We augment our original field observations using a trove of data from citizen science databases. Although it is difficult to distinguish primary vs. secondary robbing and theft vs. pollination, we conservatively estimate that ca. 40% of the recorded nectar foraging visits involve nectar robbing. Males appear to engage in robbing marginally more than females, but further studies are necessary to confidently examine the multi-way interactions among sex, species, mode of visitation, and other factors. Our results also indicate that the suggested relationship between serrations on bill tomia and traits such as nectar robbing or territorial defense may be complicated. We discuss the significance of these findings in the context of recent developments in study of nectar foraging, larceny, and pollination from both avian and plant perspectives.
A new balaenopterid species from the Southern North Sea Basin informs about phylogeny and taxonomy of Burtinopsis and Protororqualus (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae)
Authors: Bisconti Michelangelo , Bosselaers Mark E.J.
Published: August 2020

Background

An extensive radiation can be inferred among balaenopterid mysticetes in the last 10 million years based on a rich fossil record. Many extinct genera and species have been established in the past by the study of fossil rorquals from northern and southern hemispheres. In many cases, the new fossils are used to create new genera. However, in very recent times, new species of known genera have been described that help our understanding of the speciation processes and the biogeography of these whales. Here, a new species of balaenopterid whales is described in order to better understand the past diversity of Balaenopteridae and to analyze its paleobiogeographical implications. As the new species closely resembles a taxon established in the 19th century (i.e., Burtinopsis), a detailed analysis of this taxon was necessary to support the new taxonomic statements of this article.

Methods

A new partial skeleton including skull and earbones is described and compared to an extended sample of living and fossil mysticete species. A phylogenetic analysis including 355 character states scored in 88 taxa was performed to understand its relationships within the genus Protororqualus, to allow paleobiogeographic inferences and to better understand the relationships of Protororqualus within Balaenopteridae. Maximum parsimony analyses of character evolution were performed to understand morphological transformations within Balaenopteridae. The revision of Burtinopsis was carried out based on detailed descriptions and comparisons of the type materials that were figured and measured.

Results

Protororqualus wilfriedneesi sp. nov. was established based on a comparative analysis of the skull and earbone morphology. The specimen is dated back to the Zanclean (Lower Pliocene, between c. 5.3 and 3.6 Ma). A taphonomical study of the holotype skeleton revealed evidence of interactions with sharks and fishes before the definitive burial of the carcass. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the monophyly of the genus Protororqualus was confirmed. Protororqualus wilfriedneesi sp. nov. was more derived than Protororqualus cuvieri suggesting that it resulted from an invasion of the North Sea Basin (and the North Atlantic ocean) from the Mediterranean basin. Several specimens from western and eastern sides of the Atlantic Ocean are described that suggest that Protororqualus wilfriedneesi had a trans-Atlantic distribution in the Pliocene.
Evaluation of epidemiological lectures using peer instruction: focusing on the importance of ConcepTests
Authors: Mitsuhashi Toshiharu
Published: August 2020

Background

In clinical research, the ability to properly analyze data is a necessary skill that cannot be learned simply by listening to lectures. Interactive classes, such as Peer Instruction (PI), are required to help medical students understand the concept of epidemiology for future valid research. In PI lectures, ConcepTests are conducted to confirm and deepen students’ understanding of the lecture material. Although it is important to evaluate PI lectures, there have been no studies conducted on PI lectures in epidemiology. This study employed the ConcepTest to evaluate PI lectures in a medical school epidemiology class to measure the efficiency of active learning techniques and the usefulness of ConcepTests in determining effective active learning approaches.

Methods

The PI lecture was conducted as part of an existing epidemiology class for fourth-year medical students at Okayama University on October 17, 2019. The lecture was conducted as follows. The lecturer taught the fundamental concepts of epidemiology and presented the ConcepTest to students. After answering the test, students were provided with the answer distribution, followed by peer discussion. After the discussion, students answered the ConcepTest again, and a new answer distribution was presented. Subsequently, the lecturer announced the correct answers and delivered a commentary. The ConcepTest comprised five questions, each related to fundamental concepts of epidemiology. Students’ responses to five ConcepTests were collected and analyzed by calculating the proportion of correct answers before and after the discussion, as well as PI efficiency to evaluate the PI lecture.

Results

Overall,121 students attended the epidemiology lecture. The proportion of correct answers before the discussion ranged from 0.217 to 0.458, and after the peer discussion they ranged from 0.178 to 0.767. The PI efficiency ranged from −0.051 to 0.657, and was higher than the theoretical value in three ConcepTests. The efficiency was about the same as the theoretical value in one ConcepTest, and lower than the theoretical value in another.

Conclusion

In this study, the efficiency of a PI lecture was determined by calculating the PI efficiency of each ConcepTest. The results showed that the educational efficiency of a ConcepTest in epidemiology lectures can be widely distributed, ranging from efficient to inefficient. Particularly in three ConcepTests, the proportion of correct answers after the discussion and the PI efficiency were higher than the theoretical value. This suggests that PI lectures can be useful in epidemiology education with the efficient use of ConcepTests.
Global expansion of COVID-19 pandemic is driven by population size and airport connections
Authors: Coelho Marco Tulio Pacheco , Rodrigues João Fabrício Mota , Medina Anderson Matos , Scalco Paulo , Terribile Levi Carina , Vilela Bruno , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Dobrovolski Ricardo
Published: August 2020

The pandemic state of COVID-19 caused by the SARS CoV-2 put the world in quarantine, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths and is causing an unprecedented economic crisis. However, COVID-19 is spreading in different rates at different countries. Here, we tested the effect of three classes of predictors, i.e., socioeconomic, climatic and transport, on the rate of daily increase of COVID-19 on its exponential phase. We found that population size and global connections, represented by countries’ importance in the global air transportation network, are the main explanations for the early growth rate of COVID-19 in different countries. Climate and socioeconomics had no significant effect in this big picture analysis. Our results indicate that the current claims that the growth rate of COVID-19 may be lower in warmer and humid countries should be taken very carefully, risking to disturb well-established and effective policy of social isolation that may help to avoid higher mortality rates due to the collapse of national health systems.
Экстремофильные грибы на побережье гиперсоленого озера Баскунчак, "Природа"
Authors: Бондаренко София Андреевна , Георгиева Марина Леонидовна , Биланенко Елена Николаевна
Published: August 2020

Гиперсоленые водоемы - не только источники пищевой соли и химического сырья, но и одни из наиболее экстремальных водных местообитаний на планете. Микроорганизмы, живущие в этих условиях, обладают высоким биотехнологическим потенциалом благодаря уникальным ферментативным и антибиотическим свойствам. Понимание структуры и свойств микробных сообществ засоленных водоемов актуально с тонки зрения глобального засоления как озер, так и орошаемых почв. Озеро Баскунчак - объект мирового значения, уникальное месторождение пищевой соли, где ведется ее активная добыча. Большой интерес представляет береговая зона озера: именно здесь развиваются цианобактериальные пленки, маты, накапливаются прибиваемые водой остатки беспозвоночных животных и водорослей. В результате деятельности многочисленных микроорганизмов здесь происходит формирование иловых отложений. В своей работе мы впервые провели комплексное исследование важной группы деструкторов, функционирующей на побережье озера, - грибов. Была создана и охарактеризована коллекция грибов, способных расти в неблагоприятных условиях, которые складываются при столь сильном засолении. Обнаружена редкая и специализированная группа облигатных экстремофилов (организмов, обязательно требующих для развития крайних значений физико-химических параметров среды обитания). Среди них облигатные галофилы, которые выдерживают крайне высокие концентрации NaCI и не могут расти без соли, а также два новых вида облигатно алкалофильных грибов Sodiomyces spp., которые устойчивы не только к высокой минерализации, но и к крайне щелочным условиям (оптимальные для них значения pH среды 10-11). В статье обсуждается важная роль таких экстремофильных грибов в прибрежной зоне гиперсоленых водоемов.
Мумиё в окуляре микроскопа, "Природа"
Authors: Колокольцев Вячеслав Григорьевич , Маслов Александр Тихонович , Ковалевская Елена Овидиевна
Published: August 2020

Результаты оптико-микроскопического исследования мумиё не противоречат геологической модели его происхождения, которую развивает известный сибирский геолог М.И.Савиных. Он выделяет два генетических типа: первичное мумиё - бактериально переработанный продукт углеводородной дегазации, вторичное- возникшее в результате растворения первичного и дальнейшего его переотложения в сухих, закрытых от атмосферных осадков, гнездах мелких животных и потому нередко содержащее продукты их жизнедеятельности.
Геохимические работы Института океанологии в Антарктиде К 200-летию открытия Шестого континента, "Природа"
Authors: Немировская Инна Абрамовна
Published: August 2020

200 лет назад русская экспедиция прошла южнее полярного круга, и 28 января (по новому стилю) 1820 г. моряки увидели берег Антарктического континента. Это было самое серьезное открытие XIX в. В Советском Союзе исследования в Антарктиде возобновились во время Международного геофизического года (1955). Сотрудники Института океанологии имени П.П.Ширшова РАН (ИО РАН) принимали активное участие в первых рейсах на Шестой континент, а с 2001 г. под руководством академика А.П.Лисицына совместно с Институтом Арктики и Антарктики стали регулярно проводиться экспедиции в Антарктиду, в состав которых входил сезонный отряд ИО РАН. В статье представлены результаты изучения аэрозолей на субширотном разрезе у берегов Антарктиды, а также результаты многолетних исследований взвеси и органических соединений: углеводородов, липидов, взвешенного органического углерода, хлорофилла а в припайных льдах, снеге, почвах и мхах в прибрежных районах антарктических станций «Молодежная», «Прогресс», «Новолазаревская», «Беллинсгаузен» и «Мирный».
Петербургские годы Пауля Эренфеста, "Природа"
Authors: Щербаков РН.
Published: August 2020

Пауль Эренфест (1880-1933) - известный физик, выдающийся аналитик и критик новых научных теорий, внесший важный вклад в становление теоретической физики в России, а позднее основатель лейденской научной школы.
ЛЕД КАК ИНДИКАТОР ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ БАРЕНЦЕВА И АЗОВСКОГО МОРЕЙ), "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Матишов Г.Г. , Дашкевич Л.В. , Кириллова Е.Э.
Published: August 2020

Каждому морскому водоему свойственна своя специфика проявления глобальных природных изменений. Динамика возникновения льдов, движения ледников зависит от регионального, глобального и исторического ритма климата, от его межвековых и внутривековых колебаний. Результаты наблюдений за ледовым покровом Баренцева и Азовского морей свидетельствуют о значительных флуктуациях за последние полвека. В настоящей работе на основе баз данных рассмотрена ледовитость Баренцева моря в период зим 1973-2019 гг. с учетом его местоположения в акватории Северного Ледовитого океана в сопоставлении с ситуацией, развивавшейся в это время на юге России в Азово-Черноморском регионе. Приведены данные о максимальном и минимальном оледенении в Баренцевом море по десятилетиям. Для второй половины XX - начала XXI века выделены два больших периода: до начала 1990-х гг. - холодный период (повышенная ледовитость), с 1990-х гг. до наших дней - теплый период (преобладание легких ледовых условий). В первые два десятилетия XXI века Баренцево море характеризуется высоким теплосодержанием вод и низкой ледовитостью. Рассмотрена динамика образования льда и температурный режим в вершине Таганрогского залива за последние 15 лет. Проведен анализ агроклиматических факторов для выявления экстремальных условий растениеводства в Приазовье. Выявлены значимые условия для возможного определения относительного уровня валовых сборов озимой пшеницы.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ КЕФАЛИ ПИЛЕНГАС В УСТАНОВКЕ С ЗАМКНУТЫМ ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЕМ, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Тажбаева Д.С. , Коваленко М.В. , Старцев А.В. , Арутюнян Т.В.
Published: August 2020

Одним из важнейших направлений современной аквакультуры является разработка и адаптация биотехники выращивания различных ценных видов рыб в управляемых условиях водной среды, бассейновых хозяйствах прямоточного и замкнутого цикла. В работе приведены результаты исследования роста и развития пиленгаса Liza haematocheilus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845) в установке замкнутого водоснабжения (УЗВ). Процесс выращивания проходил при полном контроле параметров водной среды: температуры, содержания кислорода, pH и скорости течения. Установлено, что увеличение светового периода при выращивании старших возрастных групп пиленгаса увеличивает интенсивность роста рыб до двух раз. Использование высокобелковых кормов с содержанием протеина более 50 % позволило обеспечить прирост рыбы на 55-58 %, сократить сроки выращивания, увеличить выживаемость объекта до 80 %, снизить кормовые затраты при высокой плотности посадки до 50 кг/м3. Физиологические показатели исследуемых объектов находились в пределах нормы. Проведены исследования по влиянию добавок (линетола и фосфатидов) к комбикорму для рыб на гематологические показатели трехлеток и четырехлеток пиленгаса в сравнении с анализом крови рыб, выловленных в природных условиях.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): Comparative Advances over Conventional PCR and Other Molecular Techniques
Authors: Hassan Yahaya , Than Leslie Thian Lung
Published: August 2020

Gene amplification technology is essential in the fields of diagnostic medicine. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is central in the molecular studies and provides ways for diagnostic advancement in the areas. However, the requirement for thermal cycler in a dedicated facility for amplification of target genes in the PCR technique has been a bottleneck to many researchers. The limitations associated with PCR include cost implication, strict expertise necessity and relatively higher turn-around time. The emergence of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in the last two decades assists in bridging the undesirable gaps. This review aims to highlight the natural advantages of the LAMP technique over the existing conventional PCR and other isothermal molecular techniques. Available published articles on LAMP techniques reviewed, listed many outstanding advances of the method in comparison to traditional PCR technique. The mentioned advantages include simplicity, affordability, naked-eye result detection and many more. That made LAMP becomes a rapidly accepted method in the field of molecular diagnosis. Other essential features of LAMP in comparison with other emerging nucleic acid amplification techniques were adequately explained and presented in tabular form for research and quick reference purposes. Though LAMP has some few limitations, its advantages outweigh its flaws by filling the gap in the field of molecular biology diagnostics.
Quality Assessment of Groundwater in the Vicinity of Coir Retting Areas of Kadinamkulam Estuary, South India
Authors: Sasidharan Sonu , Jaya D. S.
Published: August 2020

The present study was conducted in the selected groundwater bodies of the coastal gramapanchayath near Kadinamkulam estuary during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. Kadinamkulam estuary is one of the major coir-retting areas in Kerala. The major objective of the study is to assess the physico- chemical characteristics and hydrogen sulfide pollution of groundwater in the residential areas of Azhoor Gramapanchayath in Thiruvananthapuram district. Surface water samples from selected stations were also collected from the Kadinamkulam estuary. The physico-chemical characteristics of water were analyzed following the standard procedures in APHA (2012). The results show that the recorded values for color, pH, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and hydrogen sulfide were above the permissible limits of drinking water quality standards (Bureau of Indian Standards, 1991; WHO, 1993, 1996). This may be due leaching of effluents from the coir retting activity in the Kadinamkulam estuary and due to the disposal of solid wastes. The study also revealed that the hydrogen sulfide content was high in lake water samples which affect the primary productivity of the water body. The correlation and principal component analysis shows that color is an important parameter and from cluster, analysis it was found that phosphate and hydrogen sulfide content significantly affect the groundwater quality. The study concludes that the groundwater sources in the study area are getting contaminated due to the leaching of pollutants from Kadinamkulam estuary and anthropogenic activities in the nearby residential areas.
Soil Carbon Stock and Pools in Acid Sulphate Soils of Kerala
Authors: Gladis R. , Dhanya K. R. , Joseph Biju , Aparna B. , Rehana M. R.
Published: August 2020

A study was conducted to assess the soil carbon storage as different soil carbon pools in acid sulphate soils of Kuttanad, Kerala under different land uses and mapping of carbon stock using GIS. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from three agricultural land use systems namely rice, coconut and rice-fish from six acid sulphate soil series viz. Ambalapuzha, Purakkad, Thakazhi, Thuravur, Thottapalli and Kallara and were analysed for soil carbon pools like  organic carbon, labile carbon, water soluble carbon, particulate organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and mineralizable carbon using standard procedures .The carbon stock in soil was also computed  and mapped using Arc GIS  software.  The highest organic carbon content of 9.38% was recorded in Kallara series under rice land use. The water soluble carbon ranged from 44.38 to 208.68 mg kg-1. Labile carbon in soil varied form 4.36 mg g-1 to 13.06 mg g-1. Particulate organic carbon was the highest in rice land use in Kallara series (7.23%). The mineralizable carbon ranged from 2.17 mg kg-1 to 2.91 mg g-1. The microbial biomass carbon varied between 71 mg kg-1 and 488 mg kg-1. The humic acid content varied from 0.20% to 6.09% and the fulvic acid content ranged from 0.09% to 20.10%. The active and passive carbon pools and their contribution to total soil carbon pool was the highest in Kallara series. Among the different land uses, coconut had the highest active pool, while rice land use recorded the highest passive pool of carbon. The soil organic carbon stock (115.96 Mg ha-1)   and carbon pool index (2.10) were the highest in Kallara series. The proportion of POC to SOC was the highest in Kallara series (0.62) under rice land use indicating it as a potential carbon sink. The carbon turnover rate was found to be the highest in Thottapalli series (1.15) under coconut land use indicating it as a potential carbon source.
Uterine Artery Doppler Screening in 2nd Trimester of Pregnancy for Prediction of Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Mariana Nafisa Anwar , Chowdhury Tanzina Iveen , Choudhury Tasrina Rabia
Published: August 2020

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry analysis has been extensively studied in the second trimester of pregnancy as a predictive investigation for the future development of pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.

Aims: To predict the probability of developing pre-eclampsia of pregnant women and Fetal Growth Restriction in relation with normal and abnormal Doppler velocimetry of uterine artery at 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

Methods: A total of 97 pregnant women of 2nd trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. After taking informed written consent of the participants, all they underwent uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at 22nd and 24th week of pregnancy. They again examined clinically during delivery at different gestational age. Pre-eclampsia (PE) was diagnosed on the basis of measurement of blood pressure as well as urine routine and microscopic examination. Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) was determined by measuring birth weight and gestational age at the time of delivery. Development of PE and FGR was observed in relation to severity of Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry findings. A pre-structured data collection sheet was used as a research tool for data collection. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using windows-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23).

Results: More than half (52.6%) of the subjects belonged to age 21-25 years and 52(53.6%) subjects were nulliparous. More than half (56.7%) of the subjects came from low income group family. Pre-eclampsia developed 11(11.3%) of the patients, 15(15.5%) had FGR and 12(12.4%) had notching in 2nd UADV at 24th week. Presence of Pre-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV study at 24th week to predict pre-eclampsia has sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 95.4%, accuracy 92.8% and positive predictive values 66.7% and negative predictive value 96.5%. Presence of Pre-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV study at 24th week to predict FGR has sensitivity 20.0%, specificity 89.0%, accuracy 78.4% and positive predictive values 25.0% and negative predictive value 85.9%. The mean age was 28.69±7.81 years who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 24.13±6.11 years who had normal UADV and the p value is 0.022 which is significant. The mean para was 1.29±0.33 who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 1.77±0.29 who had normal UADV together with remarkable p value which is 0.001. The mean BMI was 23.59±1.09 Kg/m2 who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 21.57±0.47 Kg/m2 who had normal UADV with notable p value 0.001 in this study.

Conclusion: Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in early pregnancy can be a good investigating tool for prediction of subsequent development of pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.
Constraints Faced by the Women Self Help Groups in Nagaland and Suggest Measures to Overcome
Authors: Murry Nchumthung , Nakhro R. , Das Sanjoy
Published: August 2020

Although women Self Help Group (SHG) act as a catalyst in mobilizing poor women to attain socio and economic empowerment, it has been observed that women Self Help Group are facing various constraints which act as a barrier for many SHG to function effectively. In this context, it is important to study the nature of constraints facing by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measure to overcome. Such, study to identify the nature and complexities of problems facing by the Self Help Group would help in strategizing policy measures for Self Help Group. Therefore, in this study attempt has been made to identify constraints faced by the Self Help Group and suggest suitable measures to overcome such constraints. The study was conducted in selected districts Nagaland. Multistage purposive random sampling was adopted for sampling 120 Self Help Groups for detailed study. Garrett’s Ranking Technique was applied for interpreting the results and to draw conclusion from the findings. From the study it was found out that the lack of technical know-how for taking up productive activities, lack of marketing facilities and inadequate loan amount which was ranked first, second respectively followed by lack of training facility for skill improvement, low social educational background of the members and delay in sanctioning loans.
Antibiotic Dispensing Practices in Community Pharmacies: A Major Health Concern in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ntizala Aimerance Bahati , Mulume Tresor Yoshua , Runyeruka Bernard Lukundja , Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki
Published: August 2020

Aims: The practice of antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies may contribute to irrational use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic dispensing patterns in community pharmacies of the Eastern DRCongo.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out at Bukavu city. The study included 1504 subjects attending community pharmacies. Thus, a total number of 40 pharmacies were selected. The sociodemographic profiles of patients and dispensers were also recorded. The pharmacological interventions were investigated in terms of antibiotics dispensed according to patient’s complaints, antibiotic dispensing with or without prescription, the substitution of antibiotics in prescriptions.

Results: Participants attending pharmacies for antibiotic needs were in the mean age of 29.8±13 years. Most of the pharmacy workers consisted of pharmacy technicians (70%) and no trained dispensers (20%). Pharmacists represented only 10% of all dispensers in community pharmacies. We found that 67.8% of subjects purchased antibiotics without prescription. The antibiotics dispensed without prescription were either on patients’ requests (70.1%) or the suggestion of dispensers (29.9%). Only 18.4% of prescriptions were subject to substitution. The conditions for requiring antibiotic dispensing without prescriptions were respectively gastrointestinal (34%), respiratory (27%), genitourinary (25%), skin (11%) and dental (2%) infections. Conditions that were not well defined represented 1%. In cephalosporins, Cefixime was the most important drug dispensed without prescription (72.5%) whereas in penicillins, this was Amoxicillin (55.5%). Doxycycline was more dispensed in the class of cyclines (69.4%). Erythromycin (53.1%) and Azithromycin (29.4%) were more dispensed in the class of macrolides. Ciprofloxacin was the most dispensed drug in the class of quinolones (74.3%) and Metronidazole (86.8%) in the class of imidazoles.

Conclusion: The Antibiotic dispensing practice is very critical in the community pharmacies of Bukavu city due to the lack of qualified dispensers. This may increase the antibiotic self-medication and contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Assessment of Etiological Factors of Female Primary Infertility
Authors: Mohana T. , Yuvarani R.
Published: August 2020

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the etiological factors of female primary infertility.

Place and Duration of the Study: This prospective study was conducted in the Gynaecology clinic of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, from August 2016 to February 2018.

Methods: All the reproductive age group women coming to Gynaecology opd out patient clinic with history of anxious to conceive. Those patients who satisfy the above criteria those have been selected for the study.

The test has been carried out in hospitalized patients:

A detailed history were taken.

General physical and systemic examination were done.

Ovarian factors and uterine factors ruled out.

For tubal cannulation.

The data collection technique adopted in this technique is structured questionnaire on the evaluation of infertility in couple of less than 35 years of age in a period of infertility less than 5 years from infertility OPD for one and half years of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Detailed history obtained from the couple and evaluate, informat ion with the help of various investigation in evaluating an infertile couple [1].

Results: Age: The prevalence of infertility in the age group 21 – 29 years were about 76% in women. Menarche This showed that maximum number of female attain menarche at the age group of 12 to 14 years. In our study, it is observed that there is a strong relation of infertility with BMI, the prevalence of infertility increases as BMI Increases in population. 22% of the women have BMI above 30 (obese). In our study, 8% of the women has hydrosalpinx, 4% of the women had fibroids and 6% of the women has polyps. We observed that 4% of the women had unilateral fallopian tubal block and 2% had bilateral fallopian tubal block [2].

Conclusion: In modern era of economically growing world we have concluded that the prevalence of infertility is about 76% in women age group of 21-29, 40% of the women has attained menarche at 12-14 years, observed hydrosalpinx in 8%, polyps in 6% and fibroids in 4% [3].