bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Metacholine‐Induced Nasal Secretion by Treatment with a New Topical Steroid in Perennial Non‐Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: MALM L. , Wihl J. Å. , LAMM C. J. , Lindqvist N.
Published: May 2007

The value of three objective tests of the nasal mucosa in 22 patients with perennial non‐allergic rhinitis treated with a topical corticosteroid has been investigated. Placebo and three different dosages of a new steroid, budesonide, were administered intranasally using a double‐blind, cross‐over technique. Nasal airway resistance was not reduced by the steroid treatment as compared with the placebo treatment. Eosinophilia in nasal smears was reduced by budesonide. However, the value of this test was decreased by the fact that eosinophilia was found in less than 50% of the patients at the beginning of the trial. Metacholine‐induced nasal secretion was significantly reduced by the budesonide treatment. Symptom scores for nasal obstruction, secretion and sneezing attacks were also significantly reduced by the steroid.
Adverse Reactions to Intravascular Administration of Contrast Media
Authors: Lasser Elliott C.
Published: May 2007

Adverse reactions to intravascular administration of contrast media, while low in incidence, merit serious consideration in view of increased utilization of these substances all over the world. Evidence for involvement of soluble mediators, antibody‐antigen reactions, psycho‐genie factors, and the acute activation systems, is reviewed. As a group, the pre‐contrast challenge plasmas of reactors are characterized by slightly diminished concentrations of C≲‐esterase inhibitor and total hemolytic complement, and by an accelerated rate of conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein on exposure to contact activators. The role of intravenous pretesting and pretreatment is considered. A rationale for pretreatment with adrenocorticosteroids is presented.
Allergic Rhinitis in Danish General Practice
Authors: Pedersen Poul A. , Weeke Eva Rung
Published: May 2007

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and the consultation rate caused by this disease were studied in 131 general practices covering a population of 450,000 persons in Denmark. During a 1‐year period starting June 1977 all consultations with or without symptoms were recorded.

Allergic rhinitis was defined as paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrhoea with or without conjunctivitis, and without signs of infection.

Results are presented from three groups of practices classified by self‐estimated completeness of reporting. 11–15 per thousand of the total population contacted a practice during the 1‐year period (males: 12–17%, females: 10–13%). The highest prevalence rate occurred at 10–19 years of age, and allergic rhinitis was common from five to 44 years of age. The prevalence rate was higher among males up to the age of 30, after which age it was a little higher among females. About two‐thirds of the patients consulting had at least one consultation per year with symptoms present.

The number of contacts came to 4.4 per patient per year and 20–25% of these were with symptoms.
Effects of a Beta‐Receptor Blocking Agent (Propranolol) on Synthesis of IgE in vitro by Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from Atopic Patients
Authors: Hovmark Anders , ÅSbrink Eva
Published: May 2007

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with atopy were studied for IgE production in vitro. Addition of a beta‐receptor blocking agent (propranolol) to lymphocytes from 9 of 10 patients with low spontaneous IgE production in vitro caused increased IgE production. In 10 tests with lymphocytes from patients, who were undergoing hyposensitization treatment for cat epithelium and/or birch pollen allergy, no spontaneous in vitro production of the relevant antigen‐specific IgE antibodies was detected. However, when propranolol was added to the lymphocyte cultures in vitro, production of antigen‐specific IgE antibodies was found. No such production was found when lymphocytes from patients who were not allergic to either of these antigens were studied. Szentivanyi's theory of a partial blockade of beta‐adrenergic receptors in atopy and a possible linkage between this theory and the hypotheses of disturbed regulatory functions in the immune system of patients with atopy is discussed.
Children's Atopy and Mastocytosis in the Nasal Smear
Authors: Kajosaari M. , Backman A. , Holopainen E.
Published: May 2007

Nasal secretion samples from 473 children aged 0–15 years were studied in order to evaluate the role of mast cells in the nasal smear in different types of atopy and food allergy. The occurrence of eosinophils in the nasal secretion and in the blood, and susceptibility to upper respiratory infection were recorded. A mast cell count of more than 20 cells per slide was indicative of atopy and there was a clear correlation between eosinophilia and mastocytosis in the nasal smear. No type of allergy seemed to be significantly predominant in the total material, but in young children aged 0–3 years mastocytosis was clearly related to food allergy. The examination of nasal smears for mast cells is a valuable test in diagnosing atopy in children and especially food allergy among young children. However, the test is not reliable enough to be used as a single screening test.
Variations of Cationic Proteins from Eosinophil Leukocytes in Food Intolerance and Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Winqvist Ingemar , Olsson Inge , Werner Sonja , Stenstam Magnus
Published: May 2007

Challenge tests were performed in patients with food intolerance and allergic rhinitis to evaluate the usefulness of measurement of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) of serum to distinguish different allergic reactions. In one group of patients with food intolerance symptom‐induced challenge resulted in a marked decrease of serum‐ECP. The number of blood eosinophils decreased simultaneously in some but not all of these patients. In another group of patients with food intolerance serum‐ECP displayed peak‐like increases followed by a decrease. The decrease in serum‐ECP may reflect that consumption of ECP is a result of idiosyncrasy in the target organ. In allergic rhinitis some patients showed an initial peak–like increase of serum–ECP, which was abolished by pretreatment with disodiumcromoglycate but not by pretreatment with antihistamine. Similar results have previously been demonstrated for allergic asthma. The difference obtained in serum‐ECP upon challenge in typical reagin‐mediated allergy and food intolerance may indicate that the latter is not reagin‐mediated. However, the interpretation of data is difficult because of lack of knowledge regarding the turnover in the circulation of ECP.
Budesonide — A New Steroid for Intranasal Use
Authors: Warland A. , Møller P. , Lindqvist N.
Published: May 2007

Twenty‐nine patients with seasonal rhinitis completed a double‐blind study comparing budesonide nasal spray 200 μg b.i.d. with placebo. The patients were randomly assigned into two parallel groups. Symptoms were assessed over a treatment period of 3 weeks.

There were statistically significant differences in favour of budesonide on all measurements. Side effects were mild and the incidence was low.
Prolactin and Contact Sensitivity
Authors: Nagy E. , Berczi I.
Published: May 2007

Hypophysectomized (Hypo‐X) rats did not develop contact dermatitis in response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Syngeneic pituitary grafts placed under the kidney capsule or daily treatment with prolactin restored the DNCB‐reactivity of Hypo‐X animals. Combined treatment with other pituitary hormones was ineffective. Treatment of normal rats with a potent prolactin antagonist drug, bromocriptine, was as effective in inhibiting contact sensitivity as was hypophysectomy. These results indicate that contact sensitivity is a prolactin dependent reaction.
Possible Role of Histamine in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Permin H. , Skov P. Stahl , Norn S. , Geisler A. , Klysner R. , Andersen V. , Wiik A. , Manthorpe R. , Nielsen H. , Petersen J.
Published: May 2007

Basophilocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) responded to leukocyte nuclei from normal persons with histamine release; a similar histamine release induced by the nuclear components RNA and DNA has been demonstrated previously. A role of histamine in RA is also supported by the findings of clinical improvement during treatment with H1 and H2 antihistamines in six of 12 patients with RA in active phase, whereas four showed definite deterioration.
Influence of Relative Humidity and Repeated Exercise on Exercise‐Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Henriksen J. M. , Dahl R. , Lundqvist G. R.
Published: May 2007

The relationship between previous exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) of different magnitude and the pulmonary response to exercise 1 h later was examined in asthmatic children. After acclimatization they performed repeated, paired exercise tests in a clean‐air climatic chamber at 23°C. The first test of each pair was carried out in 15%, 50% and 85% relative humidity (RH), respectively, to produce different degrees of EIB. All second tests were performed in 50% RH. Changes in pulmonary function were assessed by measuring PEF and FEV1.

Bronchodilatation during exercise was not influenced by RH, whereas dry air increased and humid air decreased the bronchoconstrictive response to exercise. When both tests were performed in 50% RH, the second test caused significantly less EIB than did the first test. However, no differences were found between the three second test responses.

This suggests that the relative refractoriness after an episode of EIB is not related to the severity of previous bronchoconstriction, but could be associated with exercise as such or other mechanisms in EIB.
Challenge of Penicillin‐Allergic Volunteers with Penicillin‐Contaminated Meat
Authors: Lindermayr H. , Knobler R. , Kraft D. , Baumgartner W.
Published: May 2007

In order to obtain information about the clinical course and immunological background of possible allergic reactions due to penicillin‐containing food, nine volunteers with penicillin allergy proved by case history, positive skin tests and/or positive penicilloyl‐specific RAST were exposed to penicillin‐contaminated pork.

For this purpose a farm pig from an inbred strain received “therapeutic” doses of benzyl procain penicillin before being slaughtered. Meat samples were taken from muscle tissues, kidney and liver and analyzed by diffusion and extraction methods. Very small amounts of penicillin were detectable in muscle tissue, whereas kidney material contained up to five times as much (0.12 mcg/g).

Except two cases which reacted with itchy sensations after ingestion of penicillin contaminated meat “á la tartare”, all probands were clinically free of symptoms. Assaying penicilloyl‐specific IgE antibodies by RAST during the trial, a tendency to increased levels in the serum after 2 and 24 h was noted, whereas the liters of BPO‐specific IgG antibodies measured by the red cell‐linked antigen‐antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) remained unchanged. It is concluded from this study that small and hidden amounts of penicillin and its derivatives in food seldom induce anaphylactic reactions in penicillin allergic patients.
Immune Thrombocytopenia Due to Antazoline (Antistina®)
Authors: Nielsen J. Lanng , Dahl R. , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen F.
Published: May 2007

Antazoline (Antistina®)‐induced thrombocytopenic purpura occurring on three occasions in a 21‐year‐old woman is reported. After withdrawal of the drug she recovered promptly. In vitro investigation demonstrated the presence of an antibody in serum, which in association with antazoline caused complement fixation when added to test platelets. Also platelet agglutinins could be detected in the patient's serum when antazoline was added. The reactions were drug specific and they could still be demonstrated 9 months after the last exposure to the drug.
Allergens in Cow Hair and Dander
Authors: Prahl P.
Published: May 2007

Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods were used for the analysis of the allergens in cow hair and dander and for comparison with related preparations. The immunoelectro‐phoretic precipitation pattern of an extract from cow hair and dander showed 17 precipitates. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis showed four of these to be major allergens of the extract, and these allergens are common major allergens in four investigated cow breeds. The allergens are associated predominantly with hair and dander, but they were also demonstrated in cow saliva, urine, whey, amniotic fluid and beef, as well as in cow‐hide products. Allergens displaying partial immunological identity with the major allergens of cow hair and dander were found in extracts from goat and sheep pelts, in products made of these materials such as carpet and knitting wool, and in carpets made of animal hair.
Anti‐IgG Antibodies and Antinuclear Antibodies in Allergic Patients
Authors: Egeskjold Else‐Marie , Permins H. , Nielsens Inge , Sørensen H. Juul , ØTerralle O. , Kallerup H. E.
Published: May 2007

With an indirect immunofluorescencc technique 77 % of 96 patients with type I allergy and 40% of 20 patients with intrinsic bronchial asthma showed positive reactions for IgG ami‐IgG antibodies in serum. They were present partly in an aggregated state not directly detectable before treatment with dithiothreitol. The aggregates could be removed by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. The IgG ami‐IgG in hyposensitized patients were directed against both F(ab′)2 and Fe fragments of rabbit IgG. Thirty of the type I allergic patients were examined once during hyposensitization as well. Before treatment 87% and IgG anti‐IgG (titres 9–72). After ≥ 13 months of treatment 100% were positive (titres 35–288), Fight patterns were also examined after hyposensitzation had been discontinued for at least 12 months. The titres of IgG ami‐IgG had then reverted lo the levels obtained before hyposensitization. Of 116 controls matched for sex and age, 79r had IgG ami‐IgG anybodies, is suggested that the production of IgG anti‐IgG may be stimulated by the presence of immune complexes and that purity, amount and/or combination of allergens administered during hyposensitization may influence the production of anti‐JgG antibodies. Neither IgK anti‐IgG nor antinuclear antibodies seem to be of particular significance in allergic patients.
Antigen‐Induced Bronchial Anaphylaxis in Actively Sensitized SD Rats
Authors: Dahlbäck Magnus
Published: May 2007

Bronchial anaphylactic reactions, estimated as increase in intratracheal pressure, were precipitated by intravenous injections of antigen into actively sensitized SD rats. The degree of bronchial reactivity was found 10 depend on both the challenge dose and the immunization dose of antigen; therefore the course of the capacity to respond was recorded as a function of these variables.

The degree of the bronchial anaphylactic response could be reduced by pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate, terbutaline or a new anti‐allergic xanthine derivative, D 4026, in some groups of animals. The efficacy of each agent was found to depend on the dose of antigen used for sensitization and for provocation of the bronchial reaction rather than on the strength of the response.

Taken together, the data suggest that more than one type of homocytotropic antibody mediates bronchial anaphylactic reactivity in the SD rat.
Theophylline Concentrations in Serum and Saliva after Oral Microcrystalline and Sustained‐Release Preparations in Asthmatics
Authors: Munch Erik P. , Sösndergaard Ib , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

Theophylline concentrations in saliva have been compared with those in serum in 13 asthmatic patients after single and multiple oral dosage of a microcrystalline theophylline tablet (Nuelin®) and a sustained‐release preparation (Nuelin Retard®).

There was wide individual variation in the ratio of serum to saliva concentrations indicating that, even when individual serum to saliva ratios have been established, the use of saliva theophylline measurements alone is unreliable for the routine monitoring of theophylline therapy.

Both preparations produced mean serum theophylline concentrations within the 10–20 mcg/ml range, the sustained‐release tablet giving higher morning trough values and smaller trough to peak variation. The preparations were equally and highly bioavailable.

Side effects were reported by three patients, which were the patients with the highest AUC.

The Nuelin Retard preparation appears to provide smooth, sustained serum theophylline concentrations within the therapeutic range and the simple, twice‐daily dosage should result in improved patient compliance.
Measurement of IgG Antibodies against Timothy Pollen Allergens
Authors: Prahl P. , Skov P , Minuva U. , Weeke B.
Published: May 2007

This study describes a microtiter double antibody assay for the measurement of specific IgG, which is believed to be identical with blocking antibodies. The precipitates were harvested on glass fiber filters, and the activity from iodinated antigens fixed in the precipitates was used as a measure of the level of the serum blocking antibodies.
Oral Vasoconstrictors in Perennial Non‐Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Broms P. , Malm L.
Published: May 2007

Nasal airway resistance and nasal symptoms were evaluated in patients with perennial non‐allergic rhinitis before and after vasoconstrictory drugs and placebo taken orally. The patients were partly selected; these suffering mainly from nasal obstruction being tested. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in a dose of 100 nig in a sustained‐release preparation clearly decreased the nasal airway resistance measured rhimomanometrically. PPA in a dose of 50 mg and combined with au antihistamine had no obvious decongesting effect. Placebo and dihydroergotamine (DHE) in a dose of 5 mg did not decrease the nasal airway resistance. PPA (100 mg) and the combined preparation containing PPA in the lower dose (50 mg) taken twice a day in across‐over, double‐blind study significantly reduced nasal obstruction, secretion, and sneezing compared with placebo. Side effects of PPA are discussed.
Lung Function Studies in Children with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Svenonius E. , Arborelius M. , Kautto R. , Lilja B.
Published: May 2007

Thirty carefully selected children with seasonal allergic rhinitis but without history or signs of lung involvement were examined clinically and by lung function tests during the pollen season as well as in the pollen‐free season. During the pollen‐free season the children had ‐if anything ‐ slightly better lung function than a healthy control material. During the pollen season the only change was a slight increase in FRC and a decrease in lung clearance index, directly proportional to the change in FRC. Sixteen of the children performed an exercise test in the pollen‐free season. A small increase in the volume of trapped gas (VTG) was noted, indicating a subclinical spasm in small airways. Salbutamol inhalation alter exercise reduced VTG below base‐line values, indicating disappearance of subclinical bronchospasm. Hay Fever children thus have a tendency towards bronchospasm after exercise in the pollen‐free season, which, owever, is of no clinical importance, as their VTG also after the exercise was less (better) than the predicted normal.
Does Theophylline Potentiate Inhaled β2‐Agonists?
Authors: Svedmyr Karin , Svedmyr Nils
Published: May 2007

The influence of pretreatment with equipotent bronchodilating doses of intravenous theophyllamine and inhaled terbutaline on the effect of five terbutaline inhalations was investigated in a cross‐over study in six adult asthmatics with stable and reproducible bronchoconstriction. Theophylline in a dose giving a maximal mean plasma concentration of 16.7 ± 1.21 μg/ml (92 μmol/l) gave far from maximal acute bronchodilation as the following five terbutalne inhalations gave the same further bronchodilation. Pretreatment with five terbutaline inhalations induced almost equal bronchodination compared with theophyllamine but the following five inhalations now gave only about one‐fourth of the effects recorded after theophyllamine pretreatment. This potentiation could, however, be due to the different routes of administration oft lie pretreatments.

In a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study in eight asthmatics, pretreatment with equipotent oral bronchodilating doses of theophylline and terbutaline was shown to give the same potentiation of the following five terbutaline inhalations.

Theoyphylline orally as such thus did not potentiate the effect of inhaled β2‐stimulants. It had only the same effect as oral terbutaline, but induced less tremor. This means that the potentiation after intravenous and oral pretreatment was not due to theophylline but to the different routes of administrations. Systemic; administration probably gave a better distribution and thus better effect of the inhaled terbutaline.
Bioavailability of Theophylline from Three Different Tablets in Asthmatic Patients and Their Bronchodilating Effects in Combination with Terbutaline Inhalation
Authors: Svedmyr Karin , Mellstrand Tore , Svedmyr Nils
Published: May 2007

The bioavailability of three different theophylline tablets (microcrystallinic theophylline, Theolair®, Nuelin®, 3M Riker), choline theophyllinate as a new film‐coated tablet (Teovent®, Ferrosan, Sweden) and theophyllaminopropanol (Oxyphylline® Draco, Sweden) was investigated in eight adult asthmatics in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study.

Effects on ventilatory capacity (FEV1 and FVC), circulation (heart rate and blood pressure) and skeletal muscle tremor were followed. The theophylline concentration was determined by gas chromatography. Forty‐five minutes after theophylline administration the plasma concentrations were almost the same for all four formulations. The bioavailability was also almost identical. The half‐life for intravenous theophylline in these asthmatics was 7.4 ± 0.64. The three tablet formulations had equal effect on FEV1 and the effect was sustained throughout the 6‐h period.

Six hours after theophylline administration five terbutaline inhalations induced the same further increase in FEV1. The results indicate that theophylline alone has only a moderate acute bronchodilating effect at recommended plasma concentrations but gives a good effect when combined with inhaled β2‐adrenostimulants.
Budesonide and Nasal Allergen Challenge Testing in Man
Authors: Pipkorn Ulf
Published: May 2007

In a nasal allergen challenge test, the effect of the glucocorticosteroid, Budesonide, on the pollen allergic type 1 reaction has been investigated, Placebo and two different dosages of budesonide were administered intranasally for 1 week before the challenge was performed, The study was designed as a double‐blind cross‐over trial.

One week of treatment with the active steroid significantly reduced the nasal secretion compared to placebo as measured with the aid of a symptom score, and significantly reduced the induced nasal blockage measured objectively by means of rhinomanometry. No difference was found between the two dosages of budesonide, 400 μg and 100 μg daily, used in the study.
Long‐Term Treatment with Oral Sustained‐Release Theophylline
Authors: Bundgaard Allan , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

The treatment of chronic asthma with a sustained‐release rheophylline preparation was evaluated in a placebo controlled, 2 × 4 week, randomised, double‐blind study. The dose which would give serum theophylline levels in the range of 10–20 meg/ml had been previously determined for each patient. This individualization of dosage resulted in 80% of the patients having scrum content rations within the 10–20 meg/ml therapeutic range. The average daily close taken by males was 998.55 mg (range 700–1175 mg) and by females 778.1 (range 500–1000 mg).

Of the 33 patients who completed the study 28 had less asthma during the theophylline period, lour did not respond and one did better during the placebo period. No serious side effects were reported. During theophylline therapy. patient's requirements for aerosol bronchodilators were significantly reduced.
Lymphocyte Responses to an Aqueous Extract from Cow Hair and Dander
Authors: Prahl P. , Hansen G. Sønderstrup
Published: May 2007

The proliferative responsiveness to cow dander antigens of lymphocytes from 23 asthmatic patients with allergy to cow hair and dander, from 10 patients with allergic asthma to other antigens and from 31 non‐atopic subjects was investigated. Lymphocytes from patients with allergic asthma due to cow epithelium antigens showed a statistically significant decreased responsiveness to an extract from cow dander, compared to that seen with lymphocytes from newborn infants, lymphocytes from normal controls and from asthmatic patients without allergy to cow. The response to the cow dander extract seemed to be an accessory cell dependent T lymphocyte response.
Nasal and Skin Sensitivity during Immunotherapy with Two Major Allergens 19, 25 and Partially Purified Extract of Timothy Grass Pollen
Authors: ØSterballe Ole
Published: May 2007

In a double blind 3‐year prospective study 40 grass pollen allergic patients were allocated to specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization) with two timothy major allergens, 19, 25, or partially purified timothy extract. The extracts were biologically standardized and coupled to aluminium hydroxide for treatment.

Efficacy of hyposensitization was evaluated by titrated nasal provocations and skin prick tests with the two treatment extracts and a five‐grass mixture. The threshold dose for skin prick test (skin (threholds) produced reactions identical to histamine chloride 5.43 mmol/l, and the threshold dose for nasal provocations (nasal thresholds) produced two of the three reactions: at least 0.5 ml of nasal secretion, at least five sneezes, and/or at least a 20 % fall in nasal peak flow.

Nasal thresholds showed highest efficacy from partially purified timothy extract but equal protection against timothy and I he five ‐grass mixture. Nasal thresholds of 14 untreated patients corresponded to treatment with the two major allergens.

Changes in skin and nasal thresholds after 12 and after 64 weeks of treatment predicted the severity of hay fever. Increase in nasal thresholds coincided with a marked effect on asthma. Nasal thresholds below 1 HEP before treatment predicted major systemic side effects.
Enhanced IgE and IgG Anti‐Melittin Antibody Formation Induced by Heparin‐Melittin Complexes in Mice
Authors: Kind L. S. , Allaway E.
Published: May 2007

It is known that heparin which is strongly anionic will precipitate in vitro with cationic proteins such as melittin, the principal constituent of bee venom. Our experiments indicate that mice immunized with complexes of melittin and heparin produced greater amounts of IgE and IgG antibody (to this protein) than did mice immunized with melittin along. It is possible that heparin released from mast cells following a bee sting could complex with melittin and enhance the allergenic properties of this molecule.
A Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) for Ascaris lumbricoides
Authors: Shephard E. G. , Macfarlane C. M. , Joubert J. R.
Published: May 2007

An antigen from Ascaris lumbricoides obtained from infested human has been prepared which can be used for detecting immune responses to Ascaris using the skin‐prick test. A comparison of immune skin responses between this antigen and the commercial (Bencard ®) Ascaris suum antigen has been made and a RAST technique for the in vitro detection of specific igE to Ascaris lumbricoides has been developed using the Lumbricoides antigen. A correlation between skin‐prick test and RAST determinations and between RAST and total serum IgE antibodies has been demonstrated. The correlation of RAST results and serum IgE levels agreed with the division of the patients into two classes ‐ allergic and non‐allergic ‐ on the basis of clinical criteria for allergy.
Intranasal Immunotherapy with Polymerized Grass Pollen Allergens
Authors: Schumacher M. J. , Pain M. C. F.
Published: May 2007

The effect of immunotherapy by intranasal insulflation a of Lolium perenne allergens modified with glutaraldehyde (Glu‐Rye) was tested by a stratified placebo‐controlled trial in 16 adult subjects with hay fever. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether the treatment could reduce nasal sensitivity to allergen in provocation tests. Modification of the allergen was shown to include polymerization and reduced allergenicity, but retained immunogenicity. Nasal sensitivity to unmodified L. perenne allergens was measured by threshold‐type quantitative nasal challenge and posterior rhinometry for measurement of nasal airway resistance. In challenge tests after a 10‐week course of intranasal preseasonal treatment with Glu‐Rye, nasal sensitivity was reduced, but this effect was not maintained when testing was repeated 9 months after treatment. Post‐seasonal serum levels of IgE antibodies to L. perenne were also not significantly affected by the treatment.
Studies on Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Man
Authors: Mayenburg J. v. , Heymer B. , Düngemann H. , Schleifer K. H. , Seidl P. H. , Neibz A. , Borelli S.
Published: May 2007

The nature and extent of bacterially induced allergies are difficult to define. Since peptidoglycan, the main component of the cell wall of almost all bacteria, has been available in a highly purified, chemically and immunologically well‐defined form, investigation of the allergological significance of this cell component is feasible. Intracutaneous tests were carried out on 181 test, subjects with five different peptidoglycan (PG) preparations from Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus pyogenes. The results of the investigation were compared with the result of determination of serum PG antibodies and serum IgE concentrations. It was shown that test subjects with dual and late reactions to three three different staphylococcal PGs displayed significantly higher PG antibody titers than test subjects with negative reactions. Such a relationship could not he found with the cutaneous reactions to streptococcal PG. The total serum IgE values were very much higher in test subjects with immediate reactions to staphylococcal PG than in test subjects with a negative reaction. Typical Arthus reaction or late granulomatous reactions were not observed. Humoral antibodies are involved at least in part in the elicitation of dual and late reactions. Thus, there are interesting parallels to allergy to fungal spores and organic dusts.
Characterization of the Mouse and Rat IgE Antibody Responses to Timothy Pollen by Means of Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Nordvall S. L. , Grimmer Ø. , Karlsson T. , Björkstén B.
Published: May 2007

The IgE antibody responses to timothy pollen allergens in one rat strain and five mouse strains were investigated by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The rodent strains were selected for their capacity to respond with IgE antibody production. When sensitized parenterally with the antigen mixed in alum, the animals produced IgE antibodies to essentially the same antigens in timothy pollen as timothy sensitive patients have been shown to do. Thus, the allergenicity of the complex mixture of antigens in a timothy extract is similarly expressed in animals immunized parenterally with alum as in patients sensitized by inhalation.
Biochemical and Allergenic Properties of the House Dust Mite Extract, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Ishii Akika , Shimomura Hiroshi , Hashiguchi Junichi , Kabasawa Yasuhiro
Published: May 2007

A Further study has been made on the house dust mite extract, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, with emphasis on gel‐filtrated fraction 2 (F2). The crude mite extract showed at least nine discs on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and contained less than 0.25 % sialic acid and less than 0.5 mM hexosamine and no detectable uronic acid. From gel filtration of the crude extract a No. 2 fraction (F2) with allergenic activity showed at least five components on SDS disc electrophoresis covering a molecular weight range of between 15,000 and 70,000. The major allergenic activity of F2 dissolved in pH 7–8 and 4–5 on an isoelectric focusing column. Affinity chromatography of lectins showed that allergenic activity did not relate to structures of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine or N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine. Allergenic activity of the crude extract was not affected by peptic digestion and the mite digest prepared by trypsin and pronase showed a similar fraction‐action and activity profile as crude extract.
Electroencephalogram during and after an Acute Attack of Asthma in Children
Authors: Issakainen J. P. , Koivikko M. J. , Häkkinen V. K.
Published: May 2007

EEGs were recorded in 12 children who were admitted to hospital because of an asthmatic attack. One EEG was recoiled during the attack, one immediately after, and it third EEG several weeks later, The severity of the attack was classified as moderate in eight children, severe in three and very severe in one child, There was a corresponding change in the blood gases, but other laboratory values (electrolytes, glucose, etc.) were normal. Contrary to previous findings, no change was seen in the three successive EEG recordings which had been related to die mucks. It is therefore concluded that an asthmatic attack as such does not give rise to changes in the EEG, and a complicating factor should he suspected if such changes are seen.
Treatment of Seasonal and Perennial Rhinitis with Intranasal Flunisolide
Authors: Turkeltaub Paul C. , Norman Phillip S. , Johnson Jerry D. , Crepea Seymor
Published: May 2007

Flunisolide (F). a potent fluorinated corticosteroid or its propylene/polyethylene glycol vehicle (V) were intranasally administered to 50 patients with ragweed hayfever and 75 patients with perennial rhinitis. Each patient was randomly assigned in a double‐blind manner an indistinguishable metered pump spray device containing either F or V. Each hayfever patient administered two pulls in each nostril b.i.d. Each perennial rhinitis patient administered two puffs in each nostril t.i.d. Each puff of E contained 25 μg V. Hayfever and perennial rhinitis patients inhaling F demonstrated significantly lower symptom scores compared to their V controls. Skin test positive patients with perennial rhinitis inhaling F demonstrated significantly larger reductions in symptom scores and significandy greater subjective control of symptoms compared to their V controls than their skin test negative counterparts inhaling F and V.

Morning plasma cortisol measured prior to and at the end of 1 month and 3 months of F revealed no significant diminution in cortisol level compared to patients inhaling V. No long‐term adverse local or systemic steroid effects attributable to E were observed. Flunisolide spray is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
Allergoprints in Horse Allergic Children
Authors: Wahn U. , Herold U. , Danielsen K. , Løwenstein H.
Published: May 2007

In order to determine the allergenic activity of five purified horse allergens, 22 children allergic to horses according to history, skin test, and leukocyte histamine release were evaluated. Washed leukocytes from all patients were tested for allergen‐induced histamine release utilizing four epidermal horse allergens (Ags 6, 9, 11, and 15) and horse serum albumin. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was carried out with a standardized horse dander extract and serum from each patient.

The results showed considerable variation in the individual allergoprints. Ag 11 had the highest mean allergenic activity. Sensitivity to horse serum albumin was demonstrated three times. Our data show that the amount of serum IgE antibodies bound by horse allergens correlates significantly with the capacity of the allergens to induce histamine release from washed leukocytes.
Birch Pollen Allergy in Children Role of Milk Feeding during the First Birch Season of Life
Authors: Saarinen Ulla M. , Kajosaari Merja , Backman Alf
Published: May 2007

The effect of exclusive breast‐feeding throughout the first birch pollen season of life was examined in 59 children compared to 67 children on cow milk formula and to 27 children weaned to cow milk‐based formula duting theit first birch season. The infants were about 3 months of age in their first birch season, and allergy to birch pollen was evaluated at 5 years of age by history and prick and provocation tests. Breast‐feeding throughout the first birch season did not prevent birch pollen alletgy; a similar birch alletgy prevalence of about 10% was found in children initially fed on human or cow milk. Instead. weaning to cow milk‐based formula during the first birch season seemed to protect from subseauent development of birch pollen allergy. Analogous results were obtained regarding allergy to grass pollen. This unexpected finding may be related to the immunological stress on the young infant provided by introduction of cow milk proteins at an early age.
Budesonide and Nasal Histamine Challenge
Authors: Pipkorn Ulf
Published: May 2007

The possible mode of action of the lately demonstrated steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction was investigated. The influence of a topical steroid, budesonide, on the effects that released mediators have on the nasal mucosa was also studied. A nasal histamine challenge study was performed in a double‐blind. cross‐over fashion, a 1‐weck. Pretreatment with budesonide or placebo preceding the challenge. Symptoms were recorded by means of symptom score as well as objectively via rhinomanometry.

In contrast to a previous allergen challenge study, the steroid was found to have minimal effect on the histamine‐induced nasal symptoms. It is therefore concluded that other modes of steroid action must also be involved lin the steroid effect on the immediate type allergic reaction.
Evaluation of 3H‐Histamine Incorporation into Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Barazarte M. , Conroy M. C. , de Weck A. L.
Published: May 2007

We have examined the use of 3H‐histamine for evaluating in vitro basophil responses. Incubation of 3H‐histainine for 4 h with basophil‐enriched mononuclear fractions containing autologous plasma, resulted in the best incorporation of the label. Even so, less than 3 % of the added label was actually recovered and other leukocytes also bound or incorporated 3H‐histamine. Labeled mononuclear preparations failed to release 3H‐histamine when challenged with zymosan‐activated serum or anti‐IgE, but endogenous histamine released under the same experimental conditions could be determined fluorometrically. The calcium ionopbore, A23187, however, did cause a dose‐dependent release of 3H‐histamine. We conclude that 3H‐histamine is not preferentially incorporated into basophil granules, and that this technique cannot be used for assessing allergen and/or IgE‐mediated basophil responses.
Retention of Pollen Grains in Human Lung
Authors: Solkr Mireille , Bouffani Leon Le , Charpin Jacquks
Published: May 2007

The possibility of the penetration of pollen grains into the tracheobronchial tree is still a controversial question. To investigate this phenomenon further two different approaches were conducted: 1) Acetolysis (acidic degradation of organic constituents) of mucosal samples from different levels of the pig respiratory tract showed that specific (plane tree) inhaled pollens were not found beyond the main bronchi. 2) In contrast, a noticeable noticeable number of pollens were present in acetolyzed residues of lung surgical samples: this was shown to be due to contamination. In the first approach this problem was avoided: however, the analysis of surgical samples could be a valuable technique if suitable controls were included.
Immunotherapy with Grass Pollen Major Allergens
Authors: ØSterballe Ole
Published: May 2007

Perenial hyposensitization with a partially purified timothy extract resulted in a statistically significantly higher degree of clinical protection than treatment with the two timothy major allergens (Nos. 19 and 25) and protected better from the second—than during the first grass pollen season. The extracts were standardized biologically and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide for administration. The therapy had a more beneficial influence on sneezing than on rhinorrhoea and blockage of nasal airways, and an excellent effect on grass pollen asthma was obtained with the partially purified timothy extract. Associated birch pollen allergy was not influenced by hyposensitization with grass pollen.
Anamnestic Data in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Binder Erna , Holopainen Eino , Malmberg Henrik , Salo Osmo
Published: May 2007

In a study of 770 patients with allergic rhinitis, anamnestic data were collected by means of a questionnaire.

484 (63%) of the patients were women and 286 (37%) men. 45.5% of the patients had perennial symptoms, 33.5% had seasonal symptoms only, and 21% had predominantly seasonal but also some perennial symptoms. More than 50% of the patients belonged to the age group 21–40 years. The seasonal group included significantly more young patients than the perennial group. More than 50% of the parents and about 45% of the siblings had some atopic disorder. About 20% of the rhinitis patients had a concomitant allergic disorder.

Sneezing was the commonest complaint in both rhinitis groups, but it was significantly more frequent in patients with seasonal rhinitis. Nasal blockage, again, was significantly commoner in perennial rhinitis. More than half of the patients reported severest symptoms in the morning.

282 patients had some domestic animal or pet, and 34% of these developed symptoms when close to an animal. Hypersensitivity to animals was significantly more frequent in patients who had domestic animals or pets than in those who did not. There was a clear correlation in perennial allergic rhinitis between the duration of rhinitis and deterioration of the sense of smell.
Total Serum IgE Concentrations in Adolescents and Adults Using the Phadebas IgE PRIST® Technique
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Coulomb Yves , Arrendal Hans , Robinet‐Levy Michèle , Michel Franclois B.
Published: May 2007

Total serum IgE measured with the Phadebas PRIST® technique was titrated in 117 normal non‐allergic subjects, 237 allergic adolescents or adults and 89 non‐allergic patients who suffered from asthma, rhinitis, or conjunctivitis. All subjects were of Caucasian origin. In normal subjects, mean total serum IgE was 38±43 kU/l. This value is exactly the same as that found in a study of Caucasian New Zealanders and very similar to the values found in most U.S. studies. This suggests that the mean total serum IgE concentration is remarkably constant in normal non‐allergic Caucasians. The upper limit of the normal range is considered to be 150 kU/l. 38% of allergic patients have total IgE concentrations within the normal range Some pollen or hymenoptera venom‐sensitive patients have a total serum IgE concentration of 94±93 kU/I The non‐allergic patients had a mean IgE concentration below 20% kU/l. The non‐allergic patients had a mean IgE concentration of 94±93 kU/l, and 25% of them had a total serum IgE above the normal range. Asthmatic patients had higher mean IgE levels than those who were suffering from either rhinitis or conjunctivitis.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Human Oral Carcinoma, and Cross Reactivity to Patients with Oral Leukoplakia Demonstrated by the Leukocyte Migration Test
Authors: Roed‐Petersen B.
Published: May 2007

Tissue extracts from 18 oral carcinomas were tested in the leukocytes migration capillary technique(LMCT) against autologous leukocytes and against leukocytes of healthy matched controls. The normal range was defined as the mean migration index (MI) of the leukocytes of the normal control ±2SD. Three carcinoma patients showed significant inhibition and one was on the lower borderline on the normal range. None showed stimulation. When leukocytes of leukoplakia patients were tested against normal intesttine and two homologous oral carcinoma extracts, significantly different MI's were found between carcinoma and normal intensive. The finding are compatible with a state of tissue‐specific, cellular hypersensitivity against antigenic components present in oral leukoplakia and in oral carcinoma, and is possibly common between the two.
Food Hypersensitivity in Patients with Pollen Allergy
Authors: Eriksson Nils E. , Formgren Hans , Svenonius Eivor
Published: May 2007

Six hundred patients with pollen allergy answered a questionnaire about food hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity to various nuts, fruits and roots was reported more often by patients with birch pollen allergy(70%) than be patients without birch pollen allergy (19%). The stronger the skin test reaction to birch pollen, the higher was the incidence of food hypersensitivity. A negative correlation was found between grass pollen allergy and food hypersensitivity.

In the diagnosis of springtime hayfever, the presence of hypersensitivity to nuts, fruits and roots supports a diagnosis of birch pollen allergy.
Mites Living in Hay: An Important Allergen Source?
Authors: Hillerdal G. , Zetterström O. , Johansson S. G. O. , Engström B. , Wiren A.
Published: May 2007

Fifty‐two farmers and 21 non‐farmers with symptoms related to hay contact were investigated. Skin prick tests (SPT) and RAST were performed with an extract made of barn dust (BDE) consisting of remnants. At microscopy, the barn dust was found to contain large amounts of dead mites, most of them identified as Lepidoglyphus destructor and Acarus siro. Twenty‐one patients (9 farmers and 12 non‐farmers) had positive R. ST to BDE, with a good correlation to the case histories. Other allergies, especially to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, pollens, and animal danders were also common among patients. However, there was no correlation between positive SPT and RAST to BDE and any other allergen tested. This indicates that BDE contains distinct allergens, most likely of mite origin.
Immunoglobulin Class and Subclass Distribution of Dextran‐Reactive Antibodies in Human Reactors and Non Reactors to Clinical Dextran
Authors: Kraft D. , Hedin H. , Richter W. , Scheiner O. , Rumpold H. , Devey Madeleine E.
Published: May 2007

The red cell‐linked antigen‐antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) with stearoyldextran‐coated erythrocytos was used to characterize the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and IgG subclasses of dextran reactive antibodies (DR.A) in 27 dextran reactors (DR) and 96 non reactors (DNR). High titres of dextran reactive IgG were regularly found in sera of patients with severe dextran‐indticed anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions (DIAR) prior to the infusion. In four lethal cases IgG antibodies were found to be in the highest titre range of 16,384 to 32,768. In addition, high IgA and IgM titres were also found in severe DIAR. DNR had much lower titres of dextran reactive antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA classes and IgD antibody was absent in both groups. Dextran reactive IgE antibodies were not demonstrable in DR. Dextran reactive lgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and IgG1 (indirect measurement) were demonstrated in both DR and DNR. Dextran infusion caused variable neutralization in all Ig classes and IgG subclasses, but the contribution of IgG2 was considered most important because of its high titres and most pronounced neutralization in severe DIAR. It is concluded that DR.A mainly of the IgG class, play a critical pathogenic role in the induction of severe DIAR, which accordingly is classified as immune complex (Type III) anaphylaxis. The method of RCLAAR allows to delineate a risk group of about 2% of potential reactors.
Immunotherapy with Grass Pollen Major Allergens
Authors: ØSterballe O. , Løwenstiiin H. , Norn S. , Prahl P. , Skov P. , Skov P. S. , Wekke B.
Published: May 2007

Preseasonal hyposensitization stimulated an intercorrelated increase in both serum‐specific IgE and allergen‐specific IgG. Subsequent perennial treatment depressed the stimulated IgE response and the basophil cell sensitivity, whereas the allergen‐specific IgE response showed further increase and persisted at a high level. Nasal IgE response was stimulated from the second pollen season and subsequently became depressed. One year after the end of hyposensitization the allergen‐specific IgE response had fallen by 25–50%.