bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic fingerprinting of apple fruit, juice, and cider via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and MS analysis
Authors: Lerma‐García María Jesús , Nicoletti Maria , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto Francisco , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Fasoli Elisa
Published: October 2018

Combinatorial peptide ligand libraries coupled to MS was applied to extensively map the proteome of apple fruit, and to detect its presence in commercial apple juice and cider to evaluate their authenticity and genuineness. Using the Uniprot_Malus database, 96 proteins were detected in apples, among which 30 proteins were specifically captured via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. Next, three proteins, previously recognized in fruits, were found in apple juice, which were involved in cellular metabolism of fruit maturation and in allergenic reactions. On the other hand, only one Malus allergen was identified in cider beads eluate, demonstrating that the industrial processes did not prevent any negative effects in sensitive subjects. Thus, the present study not only increases the knowledge of the apple proteome but also offers a reliable analytical method to assess quality and genuineness of commercial products, which could be also used to inform consumers about the presence of allergens.
Synthesis of alginate‐silica hybrid hydrogel for biocatalytic conversion by β‐glucosidase in microreactor
Authors: Onbas Rabia , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem
Published: October 2018

The organic–inorganic hybrid materials have been used in different fields to immobilize biomolecules since they offer many advantages. The aim of this study was to optimize and characterize the alginate‐silica hybrid hydrogel as a stable and injectable form for microfluidic systems using internal gelation method and increase the stability and activity of immobilized enzyme for biocatalytic conversions as well. Characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy/mapping, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, and the shrinkages of monoliths were evaluated. Subsequent to optimizing the enzyme concentration (40 μg), hydrolytic conversion of 4‐nitrophenyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (pNPG) was performed to understand the behavior of the bioconversion in the microfluidic system. The yield was 94% which reached the equilibrium at 24 h indicating that the alginate‐silica gel derived microsystem overcome some drawbacks of monolithic systems. Additionally, bioconversion of Ruscus aculeatus saponins was carried out at the same setup in order to obtain aglycon part, which has pharmaceutical significance. Although pure aglycon could not be achieved, an intermediate compound was obtained based on the HPLC analysis. The developed formulation can be utilized for various life science applications.
The directional information content of options volumes
Authors: Ryu Doojin , Yang Heejin
Published: October 2018

This study examines the directional information content realized by trades in a highly liquid options market by constructing put–call volume ratios and decoupled options‐to‐spot volume ratios. By investigating whether the specific investor type predicts underlying returns and the method used to exploit a directional information advantage, we find that foreign investment firms can leverage their directional information by executing buy trades to open new positions. Their open‐buy trades significantly predict next‐day spot returns, whereas trades initiated by domestic firms do not. This relationship becomes stronger for out‐of‐the‐money, large, and short‐horizon options trades and during the short‐sale restriction period.
The miRNA biogenesis pathway prevents inappropriate expression of injury response genes in developing and adult Schwann cells
Authors: Gökbuget Deniz , Pereira Jorge A. , Opitz Lennart , Christe Dominik , Kessler Tobias , Marchais Antonin , Suter Ueli
Published: October 2018

Proper function of the nervous system depends on myelination. In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate axons and the miRNA biogenesis pathway is required for developmental myelination and myelin maintenance. However, regulatory roles of this pathway at different stages of myelination are only partially understood. We addressed the requirement of the core miRNA biogenesis pathway components Dgcr8, Drosha, and Dicer in developing and adult SCs using mouse mutants with a comparative genetics and transcriptomics approach. We found that the microprocessor components Dgcr8 and Drosha are crucial for axonal radial sorting and to establish correct SC numbers upon myelination. Transcriptome analyses revealed a requirement of the microprocessor to prevent aberrantly increased expression of injury‐response genes. Those genes are predicted targets of abundant miRNAs in sciatic nerves (SNs) during developmental myelination. In agreement, Dgcr8 and Dicer are required for proper maintenance of the myelinated SC state, where abundant miRNAs in adult SNs are predicted to target injury‐response genes. We conclude that the miRNA biogenesis pathway in SCs is crucial for preventing inappropriate activity of injury‐response genes in developing and adult SCs.
Oxime derivative unsymmetrical azine, its Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopy and catecholase activity
Authors: Serbest Kerim , Göktekin Özge , Karaoğlu Kaan , Zengin Ali , Çoruh Ufuk
Published: October 2018

1‐[(Z)‐{(2E)‐[(3E)‐3‐(hydroxyimino)butan‐lidene]hydrazinylidene}methyl]naphthalen ‐2‐ol, H2L (3) was synthesized by the agents of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphtaldehyde, 2,3‐butanedione monoxime and hydrazine in two steps. The structures of the compounds have been proposed by elemental analyses, spectroscopic data, that is, IR, 1H NMR, UV‐vis, X‐ray, mass spectra (ESI or TOF), molar conductivities and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The ligand has potentially three nitrogens and an oxygen donor to be able to bind a metal center. In the light of analytical and physical results, it was suggested that the ligand may coordinate to by N,O/N2/N2O donor set to form square planar, octahedral, distorted square planar and tetrahedral complexes. Proton NMR evidence indicating that the ligand coordinates the metal ion through the phenolic oxygen and nitrogen of imine in the nickel and zinc complexes. Molar conductivity measurements reveal that all the complexes are non‐electrolytes. In addition, catecholase activities of the complexes were studied. However, the only one of the complexes, 1b, behaves as an effective catalyst toward oxidation of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (3,5‐DTBC) to its corresponding quinone derivative in MeOH saturated with O2. The reaction follows Michaelis‐Menten enzymatic reaction kinetics with turnover numbers (kcat) 1.19 × 103/hour.
The impact of China's latest population policy changes on maternity insurance—a case study in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Zhou Lvlin , Antwi Henry Asante
Published: October 2018

This study aims to examine the impact of China's population policy changes on social insurance. Nearly 4 decades ago, China ushered in the 1‐child policy as a family planning policy to control the adverse effect of high population growth. The current maternity insurance system in China is designed to fit the operations of the 1‐child policy. However, the implementation of the comprehensive 2‐child policy can pose a challenge to the sustainability of the current maternity insurance scheme hence the call for reform.

The study empanels a novel and comprehensive system dynamic model that incorporates all the related factors that influence the income and expenditure of maternity insurance in the Jiangsu Province. Data are mainly derived from the historical data of the Statistical Yearbook of Jiangsu Province and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. These are used to construct and simulate a system dynamic model to determine a sustainable contribution rate for maternity insurance.

In conclusion, if the rate of contribution of the current maternity insurance policy is not increased, the burden of implementing the comprehensive 2‐child policy will exacerbate the current deficit balance of the maternity insurance fund. The existing maternity insurance benefits thus cannot be maintained, and women's health will be threatened. In the short term, the study proposes an increase in the rate of premium payment to prolong the life of the maternity insurance. In the long term, there is a need to improve the level of coordination and expand the coverage of maternity insurance.
Retracted: MCL1 gene silencing promotes senescence and apoptosis of glioma cells via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Dong‐Mei , Hong Xiao‐Wu , Wen Xin , Han Xin‐Rui , Wang Shan , Wang Yong‐Jian , Shen Min , Fan Shao‐Hua , Zhuang Juan , Zhang Zi‐Feng , Shan Qun , Li Meng‐Qiu , Hu Bin , Sun Chun‐Hui , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin
Published: October 2018

Glioma is known to be the most prevalent primary brain tumor. In recent years, there has been evidence indicating myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (MCL1) plays a role in brain glioblastoma. Therefore, the present study was conducted with aims of exploring the ability of MCL1 silencing to influence glioma cell senescence and apoptosis through the mediation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Glioma and tumor‐adjacent tissues were collected in order to detect the presence of higher levels of MCL1 protein expression. Next, the mRNA and protein expression of MCL1, PI3K, Akt, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2‐associated X (Bax), B lymphoma Mo‐MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi‐1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were determined. Cell counting kit‐8 assay was applied to detect cell proliferation, β‐galactosidase staining for cell senescence, and flow cytometry for cell cycle entry and apoptosis. Initially, the results revealed higher positive expression rate of MCL1 protein, increased mRNA and protein expression of MCL1, PI3K, Akt, Bmi‐1, and Bcl‐2 and decreased that of Bax and PTEN in human glioma tissues. The silencing of MCL1 resulted in a decrease in mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, Akt, Bmi‐1, and Bcl‐2 and an increase in Bax and PTEN expressions in glioma cells. Moreover, silencing of MCL1 also inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle entry in glioma cells, and promoted glioma cell senescence and apoptosis. In conclusion, the aforementioned results collectively suggested that the silencing of MCL1 promotes senescence and apoptosis in glioma cells through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, decreasing the expression of MCL1 might have therapeutic functions in glioma. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):81–92, 2019
Impact of a multicenter stewardship‐targeted carbapenem justification requirement on the use of carbapenems in 23 hospitals
Authors: Johnk Sydney R. , Grindeland Carlina J. , Leedahl David D. , Carson Paul J. , Leedahl Nathan D.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Increasing resistance to broad‐spectrum antibiotics is a growing concern. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are needed to ensure appropriate antibiotic use, but the most effective method remains unknown.

Objective

To measure the change in carbapenem days of therapy (DOT) across 23 hospitals after a stewardship intervention and determine changes in morbidity, mortality, and resistance rates.

Methods

A retrospective, multicenter, sequential period analysis was initiated to evaluate carbapenem prescribing rates in 23 medical centers. We compared carbapenem utilization from December 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017 when a stewardship‐targeted justification was active with utilization from December 1, 2015 to March 31, 2016 without the justification requirement. Stewardship‐targeted justifications are appropriate indications for the prescribing of carbapenems selected by ASP leaders in our health care system. The primary outcome was carbapenem DOT per 1000 patient days (PDs).

Results

Carbapenem utilization decreased from 35.8 DOT per 1000 PDs in the preintervention period to 23.7 DOT per 1000 PDs in the postintervention period (33.8% reduction, P < .01). Morbidity and mortality end points were not adversely affected, with resistance rates remaining unchanged.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a stewardship‐targeted justification requirement in computerized physician order entry is an effective approach to reducing carbapenem utilization.
Past, present, and continued need for provider status legislation: Navigating clinical practice with significant sustainability barriers
Authors: Bingham Jennifer , Scovis Nicole , Taylor Ann M. , Leal Sandra
Published: October 2018

The pharmacy profession has advanced remarkably, however, pharmacists have yet to obtain provider status at the federal level. Establishing pharmacists as providers is imperative in light of the growing shortage of primary care providers and need to provide care for medically underserved populations. Academic reform, professional development and legislation have all contributed to the furtherment of provider status. Yet, the cornerstone to obtaining this status lies in imminent changes at the health care and interprofessional collegial levels in conjunction with professional perseverance and legislative action. These actions will help ensure pharmacists as integral partners on collaborative health care teams in clinical service provision for managing patients' chronic conditions and medications, to ultimately, improve access to quality care and patient health outcomes.
Accuracy and usability of medication identifiers for solid oral medications
Authors: Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Lash David , Singh Divvjyot , Hines Kelli , Hata Micah
Published: October 2018

Background

A comprehensive, contemporary evaluation of medication identifiers is necessary to keep up with the fast‐paced mobile and web‐based technology used by health care professionals and patients in order to safely identify and use oral medications. Prior studies evaluating the accuracy of medication identifiers are dated, with the most recent solely examining imprints of oral medications.

Objective

To compare the accuracy of different medication identifiers, and to identify and quantify ease of use between lay and professional medication identifiers.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 202 randomly selected oral medications, comparing the results of 14 lay and professional medication identifiers with reference standard‐identified medications. Investigators conducted three different searches for each medication using a standardized search methodology, including each medication's imprint, shape, color, scoring, and dosage form.

Results

Ident‐A‐Drug, Drugs.com, Facts & Comparisons, and web‐based Lexicomp were the four most accurate identifiers at 98%, 97.5%, 96.5%, and 96.5%, respectively. Web‐based identifiers correctly identified more medications compared with mobile‐based identifiers (93.2% vs 80.6%, P <0.001). Drugs.com displayed the medication as the first result most often (96%), followed by Facts & Comparisons (95%). Drugs.com found the medication on the first search most frequently (97%). Searches without color were more accurate than with color (P <0.001). The most user‐friendly identifiers were Facts & Comparisons, Drugs.com, Epocrates Mobile, and Lexicomp Mobile.

Conclusion

Drugs.com, Facts & Comparisons, and Lexicomp (web and mobile) were determined to be the most accurate and easy‐to‐use medication identifiers. Searching without color was more accurate than searching with color.
Lyceum as a strategy to instill practitioner resilience in a pharmacist community of practice
Authors: Hager Keri D. , Ekstrand Molly J. , Pestka Deborah L. , Sorensen Todd D.
Published: October 2018

Communities of practice are a common mechanism to support individuals who share a passion for a common area of interest, including implementation of comprehensive medication management services. In addition to supporting the exchange of ideas and experiences, a community of practice can be the convening point for resources that instill a sense of renewal and rejuvenation which can build resilience among practitioners participating in the community. This paper describes the Pharmaceutical Care Lyceum, a retreat‐style strategy designed to accomplish this outcome, which has become a critical component of the community of practice serving ambulatory care practitioners in Minnesota. Key elements that have led to the Lyceum's success include an “all teach, all learn” environment, an emphasis on group dialogue, a remote meeting location that encourages one to “disconnect” from daily activities, on‐site shared accommodations, and recreation and social activities interspersed between interactive learning sessions. Evaluations from participants are highly positive and frequently comment on the role of the Lyceum in creating enthusiasm and determination for the daily work of clinical practice. This paper explains the history, design, and impact of the event to encourage replication by other communities of practice focused on practitioners engaged in comprehensive medication management practice.
Evaluating the impact of peer comparison on vancomycin dose order verification among pharmacists
Authors: Nguyen Cynthia T. , Davis Kyle A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of blinded and unblinded peer comparison on appropriateness of vancomycin dose order verification.

Methods

This was a single center, prospective, quasi‐experimental study evaluating randomly selected inpatient vancomycin orders over a 6‐month period (January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017). The interventions consisted of providing peer comparison reports describing the percentage of appropriately verified vancomycin orders based on the individual pharmacist. In intervention phase I, these reports were blinded. In intervention phase II, the reports were unblinded. Both intervention phases were compared with a pre‐intervention control group. The primary outcome was appropriate vancomycin dose order verification, defined as adherence to the institution's vancomycin dosing guideline.

Results

One thousand six hundred twenty five vancomycin orders were included for evaluation (537 orders in the control group, 549 orders in intervention phase I, and 539 orders in intervention phase II). The percentage of appropriately verified vancomycin orders were 72%, 76%, and 83% in the control, phase I, and phase II groups, respectively. Unblinded peer comparison was associated with an increase in the percentage of appropriate vancomycin dose order verification (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.36‐2.34).

Conclusions

Unblinded pharmacist peer comparison improved vancomycin dose order verification compared with education alone and blinded peer comparison. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of this type of intervention for quality metrics at other departments of pharmacy.
Chronic exposure to perfluorononanoic acid impairs spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and fertility in male mice
Authors: Singh Shilpi , Singh Shio Kumar
Published: October 2018

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely used in commercial applications and that they are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), a member of PFAAs, has been detected in human and wildlife. Previous acute exposure studies have shown the adverse effect of PFNA on the testis. The present study was aimed to examine the effect of chronic PFNA exposure, from prepuberty to adulthood, on testicular functions and fertility in Parkes (P) male mice and to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of its action. PFNA (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg) was orally administered to P male mice for 90 days from prepuberty (postnatal day [PND] 25) to adulthood (PND 114). Histologically, testes in PFNA‐treated mice showed non‐uniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules. The treatment also had adverse effects on testicular expression of steroidogenic markers, serum levels of cholesterol and testosterone, sperm parameters and on litter size. A marked increase in the level of lipid peroxidation and decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the testis of PFNA‐treated mice compared to controls. Further, a significant decrease in expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and in the number of PCNA‐positive cells, and an increase in expression of caspase‐3 were also noted in PFNA‐treated mice testis. In conclusion, the results suggest that chronic exposure to PFNA in male mice interferes with testosterone biosynthesis and causes oxidative stress in the testis, leading to alterations in spermatogenesis, sperm quality and fertility potential.
Impact of cell cycle dynamics on pathology recognition: Raman imaging study
Authors: Czamara Krzysztof , Karnas Elzbieta , Majka Zuzanna , Wojcik Tomasz , Zuba‐Surma Ewa K. , Baranska Malgorzata , Kaczor Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

Confocal Raman imaging combined with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting was used for in vitro studies of cell cultures to look at biochemical differences between the cells in different cell phases. To answer the question what is the impact of the cell cycle phase on discrimination of pathological cells, the combination of several factors was checked: a confluency of cell culture, the cell cycle dynamics and development of pathology. Confluency of 70% and 100% results in significant phenotypic cell changes that can be also diverse for different batches. In 100% confluency cultures, cells from various phases become phenotypically very similar and their recognition based on Raman spectra is not possible. For lower confluency, spectroscopic differences can be found between cell cycle phases (G0/G1, S and G2/M) for control cells and cells incubated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), but when the mycotoxin cytochalasin B is used the Raman signatures of cell phases are not separable. Generally, this work shows that heterogeneity between control and inflamed cells can be bigger than heterogeneity between cell cycle phases, but it is related to several factors, and not always can be treated as a rule.
Preparation of self‐regulating/anti‐adhesive hydrogels and their ability to promote healing in burn wounds
Authors: Liang Min , Chen Zhongmin , Wang Fuping , Liu Lan , Wei Runan , Zhang Mei
Published: October 2018

Few burn dressings can self‐regulate the optimal humidity levels that are required for wound healing, while also providing good anti‐adhesive properties to prevent damage that can occur when wound dressings are changed. Consequently, a water‐soluble carboxymethylcellulose sodium/sodium alginate/chitosan (CMC‐Na/SA/CS) composite hydrogel has been developed as a potential burn wound dressing, with orthogonal testing revealing an optimal ratio of CMC‐Na, SA, and CS as 2, 3, and 1 wt % for hydrogel preparation, respectively. The resultant hydrogel has been formulated into composite wound dressings that were then used for the treatment of deep second degree burn wounds in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Analysis of the physical properties of this dressing revealed that it exhibits good water vapor permeability properties that promote the healing of deep second‐degree burn wounds. The pro‐healing mechanism of the dressing has been investigated Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was upregulated and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression was downregulated in the early periods of wound healing, with upregulation of bFGF then occurring at a later stage of wound healing. At the same time, the wound dressing decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6, thus validating its beneficial effect on the wound healing process at a biomolecular level. In conclusion, this new hydrogel dressing was shown to exhibit excellent self‐regulatory and anti‐adhesive properties that synergistically promote the healing of burn wounds in rats, thus providing promising results that may have clinical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1471–1482, 2019.
High modulus hydrogels for ophthalmic and related biomedical applications
Authors: Bhamra Tarnveer S. , Tighe Brian J. , Li Jiffan
Published: October 2018

This paper presents three families of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) hydrogels based on an ester‐based polyurethane (EBPU) and hydrophilic monomers: N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (NNDMA), N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and acryloylmorpholine (AMO) as potential materials for keratoprosthesis, orthokeratology and mini‐scleral lens application. Hydrogels sheets were synthesized via free‐radical polymerization with methods developed in‐house. SIPN hydrogels were characterized for their equilibrium water content, mechanical and surface properties. Three families of optically clear SIPN‐based hydrogels have been synthesized in the presence of water with >10% of composition attributable to EBPU. Water contents of SIPN materials ranged from 30% to 70%. SIPNs with ≤15% EBPU of total composition showed little influence to mechanical properties, whereas >15% EBPU contributed significantly to an increase in material stiffness. In the hydrated state, SIPNs with ≤15% EBPU of total composition show little difference in polar component (γp) of surface free energy, whereas for >15% EBPU there is a decrease in γp. The EBPU SIPN hydrogels display complementary material properties for keratoprosthesis, orthokeratology, and mini‐scleral applications. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1645–1653, 2019.
In‐situ 2D bacterial crystal growth as a function of protein concentration: An atomic force microscopy study
Authors: Moreno‐Cencerrado Alberto , Iturri Jagoba , Toca‐Herrera José L.
Published: October 2018

The interplay between protein concentration and (observation) time has been investigated for the adsorption and crystal growth of the bacterial SbpA proteins on hydrophobic fluoride‐functionalized SiO2 surfaces. For this purpose, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been performed in real‐time for monitoring protein crystal growth at different protein concentrations. Results reveal that (1) crystal formation occurs at concentrations above 0.08 µM and (2) the compliance of the formed crystal decreases by increasing protein concentration. All the crystal domains observed presented similar lattice parameters (being the mean value for the unit cell: a = 14.8 ± 0.5 nm, b = 14.7 ± 0.5 nm, γ = 90 ° ± 2). Protein film formation is shown to take place from initial nucleation points which originate a gradual and fast extension of the crystalline domains. The Avrami equation describes well the experimental results. Overall, the results suggest that protein‐substrate interactions prevail over protein–protein interactions.

Research Highlights

AFM enables to monitor protein crystallization in real‐time.

AFM high‐resolution determines lattice parameters and viscoelastic properties.

S‐layer crystal growth rate increases with protein concentration.

Avrami equation models protein crystal growth.
A simplified method of preparation of mammalian intestine samples for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Skrzypek Tomasz H. , Kazimierczak Waldemar
Published: October 2018

Due to strong tissue hydration and complex architecture of the mucous membrane, appropriate preparation of inhomogeneous gastrointestinal tissues, especially from the intestine, for scanning electron microscopy is still a challenge and requires constant improvement of preparation techniques. In this article, we describe a simplified method of preparation of small intestinal mucosa tissues for observations in a scanning electron microscope. We emphasized the most important points in the preparation process that, when ignored, may result in formation of numerous artifacts and the inability to analyze the samples reliably. The developed technique facilitates proper animal tissue sampling in the field conditions, reducing the time of tissue collection and sample preparation as well as the total process costs. The fixative of choice, that is, buffered formalin, fixes, and stiffens the processed tissues properly, which is especially important in preservation of long, highly hydrated intestinal villi without shrinkage artifacts. The method described has been successfully used in comparative studies of the development of small intestines in mammals (pigs, mice, rats), reptiles, and birds (hens).
Natural Resource Dependency and Entrepreneurship: Are Nations with High Resource Rents Cursed?
Authors: Chambers Dustin , Munemo Jonathan
Published: October 2018

Testing the hypothesis that the resource curse promotes rent‐seeking behaviour at the expense of entrepreneurship, we examine the relationship between natural resource rents and new business creation using a panel of 116 countries spanning the period 2001–2012. We find that nations with heavy natural resource extraction exhibit less entrepreneurial activity, but this negative relationship is greatly reduced and even reversed in nations possessing a threshold level of governance quality. Unfortunately, the group of nations exceeding this threshold consists primarily of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development members. These results support the hypothesis that the resource curse, when left unchecked by weak institutions, promotes rent‐seeking behaviour that harms entrepreneurship. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural Immersion in Counselor Education: Trends, Prevalence, and Common Components
Authors: Shannonhouse Laura R. , Myers Jane E. , Barrio Minton Casey A.
Published: October 2018

Cultural immersion (CI) is a common pedagogy to prepare counselors for work with diverse clients. However, little is known regarding how CI is used across counselor education programs. This exploratory study established quantitative baseline data on how programs prepare, implement, and evaluate CI. Current practice is compared with CI components found in the literature, particularly those established in the multicultural immersion experience model of Pope‐Davis, Breaux, and Liu (1997), which is itself grounded in contact theory.

La inmersión cultural (CI, por sus siglas en inglés) es una pedagogía común para preparar a los consejeros para trabajar con clientes diversos. Sin embargo, se sabe poco acerca de cómo se usa la CI en distintos programas de educación. Este estudio exploratorio estableció unos datos de base cuantitativos sobre cómo los programas preparan, implementan y evalúan la CI. Se compara la práctica actual con los componentes de CI hallados en la literatura, en especial aquellos establecidos en el modelo de experiencia de inmersión multicultural de Pope‐Davis, Breaux y Liu (1997), que a su vez está basado en la teoría de contacto.
Pitfalls in liver MRI: Technical approach to avoiding misdiagnosis and improving image quality
Authors: Yacoub Joseph H , Elsayes Khaled M. , Fowler Kathryn J. , Hecht Elizabeth M. , Mitchell Donald G. , Santillan Cynthia , Szklaruk Janio
Published: October 2018

The following is an illustrative review of common pitfalls in liver MRI that may challenge interpretation. This article reviews common technical and diagnostic challenges encountered when interpreting dynamic multiphasic T1‐weighted imaging, hepatobiliary phase imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging of the liver. Additionally, each section includes suggestions for avoiding diagnostic and technical errors.

Level of Evidence: 5

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:41–58.
Abnormal Hippocampal Subfields May Be Potential Predictors of Worse Early Response to Antidepressant Treatment in Drug‐Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Lianqing , Hu Xinyu , Lu Lu , Tang Shi , Li Hailong , Bu Xuan , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi
Published: October 2018

Background

Previous studies had proved that hippocampal volume has predictive value for antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the exact subregion of the hippocampus relevant to the predictive role of antidepressants response is not known.

Purpose

To explore which hippocampal subfield volumes might predict an early response to first‐time use of antidepressants in drug‐naïve MDD patients.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Thirty‐eight drug‐naïve MDD patients (mean illness duration = 1.6 years) and 55 healthy control subjects (HCS).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T MRI, T1‐weighted, 3D, SPGR sequence.

Assessment

The hippocampal subfields and total intracranial volume were measured with FreeSurfer. The response to antidepressants was evaluated by the reduction rate of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score (RRS) after a 6‐week routine clinical antidepressant treatment.

Statistical Tests

The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and RRS was explored using partial correlation analysis. Volume differences among early responding patients (ERP), nonresponding patients (NRP), and HCS were examined by multivariate analysis of covariance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of volumes as predictors.

Results

NRP had significantly larger volumes than both ERP and HCS in bilateral subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and left CA2/3, CA4/dentate gyrus (DG) (all P < 0.01, false discovery rate corrected). Significant negative correlations were found between the RRS and volumes of left subiculum (P = 0.004), CA2/3 (P = 0.008), and CA4/DG (P = 0.004) in the whole MDD group. ROC analysis demonstrated that the left subiculum exhibited the highest accuracy for differentiating NRP from ERP, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 80%.

Data Conclusion

These findings propose that volumes of certain hippocampal subfields may be associated with antidepressant treatment and this has potential use in clinical applications for treatment selection in patients with MDD at an early stage.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 4

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1760–1768.
BODIES: A Short Sex Addiction Screening Tool for College Students
Authors: Cashwell Craig S. , Giordano Amanda L. , Henson Robert A.
Published: October 2018

Researchers have found prevalence rates of sex addiction to be higher among college students than among members of the general population. Furthermore, college counselors report working with sex addiction in college and university counseling centers. To date, however, there is no short screening tool to quickly assess the possibility of a sexual addiction. Accordingly, the authors developed a 6‐item short screen (BODIES) of sexual addiction. The authors also discuss implications for college counselors.
A Conceptual Framework for Felt‐Sense Awareness in Counselor Preparation
Authors: Peace Perry , Smith‐Adcock Sondra
Published: October 2018

This article explores the concept of felt sense in beginning counselors as it relates to focusing, therapeutic presence, congruence, embodied self‐awareness, and mindfulness. To provide an understanding of how counselors experience and use felt‐sense information, the authors offer a conceptual framework for the process of felt‐sense awareness. In addition, a comprehensive conceptual framework is applied to strategies for teaching beginning counselors to use felt information.
Resource selection of a recently translocated elk population in Missouri
Authors: Smith Trenton N. , Rota Christopher T. , Keller Barbara J. , Chitwood M. Colter , Bonnot Thomas W. , Hansen Lonnie P. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: October 2018

Elk (Cervus canadensis) have been successfully translocated to 11 states in the United States and 1 Canadian province in eastern North America. Availability of suitable habitat is an important factor in determining the success of relocations, but there is limited information on habitat selection of elk in eastern deciduous forests. Our objective was to determine resource selection of male and female elk recently translocated in the Ozark Mountains, Missouri, USA. We placed global positioning system (GPS) collars on all translocated adult elk. We modeled seasonal resource selection as a function of 9 habitat‐related covariates using a hierarchical Bayesian discrete choice model. Forage openings (cultivated fields providing forage for wildlife), glades, and cool‐season grasslands (pastures) had high probabilities of elk use. Areas with vegetation type heterogeneity, low canopy cover, and far from paved roads but close to 2‐track roads also had high probabilities of elk use. The availability of open lands, such as glades, pastures, and forage openings, appears to be important for elk in all seasons in forest‐dominated landscapes and may help encourage site fidelity following translocation and reduce conflict with private property as the population becomes established. Managers of elk populations in similar ecosystems should ensure sufficient availability of open lands, which might be met through maintenance of forage openings and restoration of natural open lands. Additionally, restoration efforts can benefit from post‐translocation monitoring that allows managers to improve upon externally derived habitat models through a process of adaptive restoration planning and habitat management. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
The effect of Nb on microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of low Mn, microalloyed δ‐TRIP steel; a comparative study
Authors: Gholami Shiri Sajad , Rahsepar Mansor , Jahromi Seyed Ahmad , Hayatdavoudi Hadis , de Monlevade Eduardo Franco , Palizdar Yahya
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of achieving a better combination of yield strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance of δ‐TRIP steel through the concept of microalloying. Three δ‐TRIP steels with different contents of Nb (0, 0.025, 0.076 wt%) were subjected to the microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical examination. ASTM A283 and ASTM A516 steels were taken as comparative samples. The obtained results revealed a threefold increase in strength × ductility products of TRIP steels (35 255 MPa%) than comparative samples (12 760 MPa%) due to the TRIP effect and multiphase nature of the TRIP steel. The addition of Nb to the TRIP steel led to an unexpected decrease in the ultimate strength (from 1167 to 955 MPa) but an increase in ductility (from 30.21 to 31.78%) and corrosion resistance. The results of the electrochemical measurements showed that while A516 alloy exhibited the lowest corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance of TRIP specimens was significantly increased by the addition of Nb which resulted in enhancement of the charge transfer resistance of the steel and indicates the superior corrosion resistance of the steel with 0.076% Nb.
Tuning the Thermal Properties of Azopolymers Synthesized by Post‐Functionalization of Poly(propargyl Methacrylate) with Azobenzene Azides: Influence on the Generation of Linear and Circular Birefringences
Authors: Roche Alejandro , García‐Juan Hugo , Royes Jorge , Oriol Luis , Piñol Milagros , Audia Biagio , Pagliusi Pasquale , Provenzano Clementina , Cipparrone Gabriella
Published: October 2018

A series of side‐chain polymers with a bifunctional repeating unit are prepared by post‐polymerization functionalization of poly(propargyl methacrylate) (PPMA) with several azides derived from bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis‐MPA). The azide incorporates one photoresponsive 4‐cyanoazobenzene unit and one photoinert promesogenic moiety at each repeating unit. Both the effect of the photoinert (4‐cyanobipheynyl vs 4‐cyanotolane) and of the linking group (ester vs carbamate) on the liquid crystalline properties and the generation of optical anisotropy, linear or circular birefringences are explored.
Tetra‐PEG‐Based Nano‐Enhanced Hydrogel with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Multi‐Functions
Authors: Wang Lina , Lei Kun , Li Zhao , Wang Xinling , Xiao Haijun , Zheng Zhen
Published: October 2018

Further improving mechanical performances of the tetra‐PEG hydrogel and simultaneously endowing it with functionalities remains a challenge. Herein, rGO is introduced into the tetra‐PEG network to construct a tetra‐PEG/rGO nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel with improved mechanical performances and functionalities. The hydrogel is prepared by in situ simultaneous polymerization of clickable tetra‐PEG macromonomers (TAPEG and TPPEG) and reduction of GO in one pot. The amount of rGO introduced into the hydrogel network is determined and can be controlled through tuning the feed ratio of the GO to the macromonomers. The tetra‐PEG/rGO NC hydrogel displays drastically improved mechanical performances including tensile properties, compressive properties, and fatigue resistance compared to the pristine clickable tetra‐PEG hydrogel. SEM, FT‐IR, and loading–unloading experiments indicate that interactions between rGO sheets and tetra‐PEG segments contribute to the mechanical improvement. Furthermore, the tetra‐PEG/rGO NC hydrogel exhibits selective dye adsorption ability and near‐infrared light responsiveness. The tetra‐PEG/rGO NC hydrogel with excellent mechanical performances and functionalities is highly promising in many areas such as dye absorption, remote light‐controlled devices, and tissue engineering.
A Low‐Cost Polyaniline@Textile‐Based Multifunctional Sensor for Simultaneously Detecting Tactile and Olfactory Stimuli
Authors: Tang Xing , Wu Congyi , Zhang Tian , Zhou Tingting , Wang Hao , Xie Changsheng , Zeng Dawen
Published: October 2018

Multifunctional sensors are those able to respond to both physical and chemical stimuli and potentially capable of differentiating two or more signals. However, a low‐cost multifunctional sensor able to distinguish different signals is hard to fabricate. Here, a low‐cost polyaniline@textile‐based multimodal sensor is demonstrated to be able to simultaneously detect and distinguish tactile and olfactory stimuli in a single pixel. The multifunctional sensor has a high pressure sensitivity over a wide range of pressures (300 Pa–30 kPa) and an excellent linear response to NH3 at room temperature. More importantly, it can differentiate different stimuli due to different mechanisms for pressure sensing and gas sensing. With its low cost and multiple functionality, the sensor is promising for practical applications in wearable electronics and human health monitoring.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glycolysis in prodromal and early Parkinson's blood cells
Authors: Smith Amy M. , Depp Constanze , Ryan Brent J. , Johnston Geoffrey I. , Alegre‐Abarrategui Javier , Evetts Samuel , Rolinski Michal , Baig Fahd , Ruffmann Claudio , Simon Anna Katharina , Hu Michele T. M. , Wade‐Martins Richard
Published: October 2018

Background: Although primarily a neurodegenerative process, there is increasing awareness of peripheral disease mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. To investigate disease processes in accessible patient cells, we studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells in recently diagnosed PD patients and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients who have a greatly increased risk of developing PD. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cells may recapitulate cellular pathology found in the PD brain and investigated these cells for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and studied from PD patients, rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients and age‐ and sex‐matched control individuals from the well‐characterized Oxford Discovery cohort. All participants underwent thorough clinical assessment.

Results: Initial characterization showed that PD patients had elevated levels of CD14 + monocytes and monocytes expressing C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were increased in PD patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with elevated levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species specifically in patient monocytes. This was combined with reduced levels of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase in blood cells from PD patients and, importantly, also in rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patients. This mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with a concomitant increase in glycolysis in both PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells independent of glucose uptake or monocyte activation.

Conclusions: This work demonstrates functional bioenergetic deficits in PD and rapid eye movement‐sleep behavior disorder patient blood cells during the early stages of human disease. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Validation and application of a fast Monte Carlo algorithm for assessing the clinical impact of approximations in analytical dose calculations for pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Huang Sheng , Souris Kevin , Li Siyang , Kang Minglei , Barragan Montero Ana Maria , Janssens Guillaume , Lin Alexander , Garver Elizabeth , Ainsley Christopher , Taylor Paige , Xiao Ying , Lin Liyong
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculation is generally superior to analytical dose calculation (ADC) used in commercial TPS to model the dose distribution especially for heterogeneous sites, such as lung and head/neck patients. The purpose of this study was to provide a validated, fast, and open‐source MC code, MCsquare, to assess the impact of approximations in ADC on clinical pencil beam scanning (PBS) plans covering various sites.

Methods

First, MCsquare was validated using tissue‐mimicking IROC lung phantom measurements as well as benchmarked with the general purpose Monte Carlo TOPAS for patient dose calculation. Then a comparative analysis between MCsquare and ADC was performed for a total of 50 patients with 10 patients per site (including liver, pelvis, brain, head‐and‐neck, and lung). Differences among TOPAS, MCsquare, and ADC were evaluated using four dosimetric indices based on the dose‐volume histogram (target Dmean, D95, homogeneity index, V95), a 3D gamma index analysis (using 3%/3 mm criteria), and estimations of tumor control probability (TCP).

Results

Comparison between MCsquare and TOPAS showed less than 1.8% difference for all of the dosimetric indices/TCP values and resulted in a 3D gamma index passing rate for voxels within the target in excess of 99%. When comparing ADC and MCsquare, the variances of all the indices were found to increase as the degree of tissue heterogeneity increased. In the case of lung, the D95s for ADC were found to differ by as much as 6.5% from the corresponding MCsquare statistic. The median gamma index passing rate for voxels within the target volume decreased from 99.3% for liver to 75.8% for lung. Resulting TCP differences can be large for lung (≤10.5%) and head‐and‐neck (≤6.2%), while smaller for brain, pelvis and liver (≤1.5%).

Conclusions

Given the differences found in the analysis, accurate dose calculation algorithms such as Monte Carlo simulations are needed for proton therapy, especially for disease sites with high heterogeneity, such as head‐and‐neck and lung. The establishment of MCsquare can facilitate patient plan reviews at any institution and can potentially provide unbiased comparison in clinical trials given its accuracy, speed and open‐source availability.
Sorcery and Negotiating Economic Agency: A Critical Observation from Solomon Islands
Authors: Spann Michael
Published: October 2018

In this paper, my aim is to add to the discussions of sorcery in Melanesia by focussing on its relation to economic agency in the context of a case example from Malaita, Solomon Islands. Using Taylor's (2015) categories of ‘distributive’ and ‘possessive’ agency as a critical point of departure, I illustrate how sorcery can be considered as an outcome when people are perceived not to be balancing these forms of economic agency. By drawing on the example of an entrepreneur from Malaita, I highlight the complexity of the negotiations between possessive and distributive agencies and show how critically investigating these negotiations is important for understanding why sorcery may happen but also how to limit the chances of it happening. Furthermore, I also illustrate how critical investigations of accounts of sorcery can reveal complexities of socio‐economic and political life in changing economic and social circumstances.