bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cell Wall: A Sensory Panel for Signal Transduction
Authors: Sugimoto‐Shirasu Keiko , Carpita Nicholas C. , McCann Maureen C.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Plant Cell Wall Composition and Architecture

Cell Growth and Wall Extensibility

Functional Architecture Revealed by Mutation and Transgenic Approaches

The Role of the Cytoskeleton

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Development of Root Hairs
Authors: Grierson Claire , Ketelaar Tijs
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Root Hair Morphogenesis

Mechanisms that Regulate the Cytoskeleton during Root Hair Development

The Genetic Network Controlling Root Hair Morphogenesis inArabidopsis

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Signaling the Cytoskeleton in Pollen Tube Germination and Growth
Authors: Malhó Rui , Camacho Luísa
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Different Signaling Pathways Converge in the Cytoskeleton

The Actin Cytoskeleton is the Major Motor Driving Force in Pollen Tube Growth

Microtubules and Microtubule‐Associated Proteins in Pollen Tube Growth

Ca2+, Modulator of the Cytoskeleton

Signaling the Cytoskeleton through Phosphoinositides

Calmodulin, a PrimaryCa2+Sensor

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

14‐3‐3 Proteins

The Role of Cyclic Nucleotides

GTPases, the Signaling Switches

Transducons – the Unity for Signaling

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Emerging Themes in Plant–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Talbot Nicholas J.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Breaching the Host Cuticle

Invading Host Tissue

Subverting Host Metabolism and Defence

Perception of Pathogens

Genome‐Level Analysis of Pathogens

The Future
Blumeria Graminisf. sp.Hordei, an Obligate Pathogen of Barley
Authors: Both Maike , Spanu Pietro D.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Life Cycle – An Overview

Conidia and Germination

Surface Perception and Early Events Following Contact with the Surface

Signal Transduction during Early Development ofB.Graminisf. sp.Hordei

Penetration

The Haustorium

Vegetative Growth and Sporulation

Outlook
Polarity inArabidopsisEmbryogenesis
Authors: Torres Ruiz Ramón A.
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Polarity from an Early Stage – Maternal and Zygotic Polarities

Cell Division Planes and Cell Polarity

Stages inArabidopsisEmbryogenesis

Zygotic Polarity – Vesicle Trafficking in the Cellular Rush Hour

Epidermis and Radial Axis/Polarity

Embryonic Shoot Pole – Pole Position for Polar Activities

Adaxial/Abaxial Polarity in the Cotyledons

Polarity of the Basal Embryonic Region

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
Development of the Shoot Apical Meristem
Authors: Simon Rüdiger
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Architecture of the Shoot Meristem: Layers and Zones

The Making of a Meristem

Regulation of

KNOX

Gene Expression

Communications Arising – between Periphery and Centre

Communications Along the Apical‐Basal Axis

Establishment and Maintenance of Stem Cells

Robustness and Flexibility of Stem Cell Regulation

Specificity of the

CLV/WUS

Regulator

Determinate or Indeterminate: Shutting off Stem Cells in Flower Development

Integration of Meristem Activity: New Genes and Mutants

Polarity in the Shoot Meristem: Stability in Changing

Acknowledgement
Polar Signals in Vascular Development
Authors: Berleth Thomas , Scarpella Enrico
Published: August 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Apical‐Basal Polarity in Vascular Regeneration Experiments

Apical‐Basal Polarity in Embryo Vascular Patterning

Auxin‐Signal Transduction in Embryo Vascular Patterning

Vascular Patterning in the Leaf

Adaxial‐Abaxial Polarity Affects Vascular Bundle Organization

Vascular Tissues as Sources of Positional Information

Future Research

Acknowledgments
AAPM‐RSS Medical Physics Practice Guideline 9.a. for SRS‐SBRT
Authors: Halvorsen Per H. , Cirino Eileen , Das Indra J. , Garrett Jeffrey A. , Yang Jun , Yin Fang‐Fang , Fairobent Lynne A.
Published: August 2017

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8,000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the United States.

The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner.

Each medical physics practice guideline represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guidelines and technical standards by those entities not providing these services is not authorized.

The following terms are used in the AAPM practice guidelines:

Must and Must Not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline.

Should and Should Not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.

Approved by AAPM Professional Council 3‐31‐2017 and Executive Committee 4‐4‐2017.
Effect of Trace B on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Near α High Temperature Titanium Alloy
Authors: Guo Chongxiao , Zhang Changjiang , Han Jianchao , Zhang Shuzhi , Yang Fei , Chai Lihua , Chen Ziyong
Published: August 2017

In this study, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a newly near α titanium alloy with trace additions of B by in situ casting route are investigated. The results show that the coarse prior β grain and α lath within matrix alloy are gradually refined with increasing of B addition. The relative refinement mechanism of prior β grain and α lath width is analyzed and discussed. In addition, it is shown that both of ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and yield strength (UYS) increase with B addition, which is mainly attributed to microstructural refinement. However, the compressive ductility and fracture toughness decrease with increasing of B addition, which is due to the cracking of TiB, leading to the acceleration of crack extension.
3D Orthogonal Woven Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Effective Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and as Self‐Powered Active Motion Sensors
Authors: Dong Kai , Deng Jianan , Zi Yunlong , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Xu Cheng , Zou Haiyang , Ding Wenbo , Dai Yejing , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2017

The development of wearable and large‐area energy‐harvesting textiles has received intensive attention due to their promising applications in next‐generation wearable functional electronics. However, the limited power outputs of conventional textiles have largely hindered their development. Here, in combination with the stainless steel/polyester fiber blended yarn, the polydimethylsiloxane‐coated energy‐harvesting yarn, and nonconductive binding yarn, a high‐power‐output textile triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with 3D orthogonal woven structure is developed for effective biomechanical energy harvesting and active motion signal tracking. Based on the advanced 3D structural design, the maximum peak power density of 3D textile can reach 263.36 mW m−2 under the tapping frequency of 3 Hz, which is several times more than that of conventional 2D textile TENGs. Besides, its collected power is capable of lighting up a warning indicator, sustainably charging a commercial capacitor, and powering a smart watch. The 3D textile TENG can also be used as a self‐powered active motion sensor to constantly monitor the movement signals of human body. Furthermore, a smart dancing blanket is designed to simultaneously convert biomechanical energy and perceive body movement. This work provides a new direction for multifunctional self‐powered textiles with potential applications in wearable electronics, home security, and personalized healthcare.
Tailoring the Aqueous Synthesis and Deposition of Copper Nanowires for Transparent Electrodes and Heaters
Authors: Bobinger Marco , Mock Josef , La Torraca Paolo , Becherer Markus , Lugli Paolo , Larcher Luca
Published: August 2017

Due to the high abundance of copper on the earth and its high intrinsic electrical conductivity, copper nanowires (CuNWs) represent a promising material for transparent electrodes. In this work, an environmentally friendly and scalable synthesis that requires a low process temperature is studied. The optimum temperature is found at 79 °C, which results in nanowires with the lowest diameters. The as‐synthesized solution is sprayed to transparent conducting films, which are in turn subjected to various post‐treatments such as thermal sintering or washing with propionic acid to enhance their electro‐optical performance. Following both the optimum protocol for the synthesis and post‐treatment, a sheet resistance of 10.3 Ω ◻−1 at a transparency of 83.4% is achieved. Moreover, the CuNW‐films are tested as transparent heaters and show a homogeneous heat distribution. For the electrical properties of the films, a temperature dependence of resistance that is lowered around 28% compared to the one for bulk copper is found.
Highly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoS2 with Self‐Assembled Au Nanoparticle Arrays
Authors: Zeng Yi , Li Xing , Chen Weibing , Liao Jianhui , Lou Jun , Chen Qing
Published: August 2017

Monolayer MoS2 normally has weak photoluminescence (PL) because of the poor light absorption due to the atomic thickness. Here, the highly enhanced PL of chemical vapor deposited (CVD)‐grown monolayer MoS2 with uniform self‐assembled sub‐monolayer Au nanoparticle arrays is reported. The PL intensity of monolayer MoS2 can be enhanced by up to 200 times. The dependence of the enhancement factor upon the excitation wavelength, the density of Au nanoparticles, and the thickness of the dielectric layer, is systematically investigated. The results indicate that the PL enhancement indeed stems from the local surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles. The study provides a bottom‐up, low‐cost, large scale, and highly effective route to enhance the PL of CVD‐grown monolayer MoS2.
Ruthenium on Carbon Catalysed Carbon‐Carbon Cleavage of Aryl Alkyl Ketones and Aliphatic Aldehydes in Aqueous Media
Authors: Hattori Tomohiro , Okami Hiroki , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Mori Shigeki , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: August 2017

A new ruthenium on carbon‐catalysed carbon–carbon (C−C) cleavage reaction of aryl alkyl ketone derivatives in water in the presence of CaO under atmospheric oxygen conditions has been developed. Corresponding benzoic acid derivatives were produced from various aryl alkyl ketones in excellent yields. CaO acts as an adsorbent of CO and CO2 to maintain a sufficient concentration of oxygen around the catalyst required for effective progress of the reaction. It was also revealed that aliphatic aldehydes were generated from the alkyl moiety of aryl alkyl ketones over the course of the reaction. The aliphatic aldehyde derivatives undergo either an oxidation to the corresponding aliphatic carboxylic acids or a further continuous C−C cleavage reaction to form aliphatic aldehydes with loss of one carbon along with the formation of CO and CO2.

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Chiral Magnesium(II) Complex‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso‐Aziridines with Pyrazoles
Authors: Li Xiangqiang , Guo Jing , Lin Lili , Hu Haipeng , Chang Fenzhen , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: August 2017

A highly enantioselective catalytic protocol for the desymmetrization of meso‐aziridines via ring‐opening with pyrazoles is reported using an N,N′‐dioxide‐Mg(OTf)2 complex as the catalyst. The corresponding trans‐α‐pyrazole‐substituted amines were obtained in good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield and 94% ee) under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, a remarkably high asymmetric amplification was observed in the catalytic system.

magnified image
Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis for Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of Aldehydes with Ketimines: Stereoselectivity and Reactivity
Authors: Dai Jun , Xiong Dan , Yuan Tengrui , Liu Juan , Chen Tao , Shao Zhihui
Published: August 2017

The application potential of primary amine catalysts in the context of Mannich reactions of aldehydes with ketimines is exemplified by isatin‐derived ketimines and cyclic trifluoromethyl ketimines. Primary amine catalysts exhibit either unusual stereoselectivity or reactivity, which is not observable with secondary amine catalysts. Moreover, reversal of diastereofacial selectivity between primary and secondary amine catalysts is disclosed. These new reactions provide useful methods for the syntheses of chiral 3‐substituted 3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles and dihydroquinazolinones bearing a trifluoromethylated quaternary stereocenter. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated through the formal synthesis of AG‐041R and DPC 083 and the total synthesis of (−)‐psychotriasine.
Synthese von Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan‐Bioisosteren von internen Alkinen und para‐disubstituierten Benzolen unter Verwendung von [1.1.1]Propellan
Authors: Makarov Ilya S. , Brocklehurst Cara E. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Koch Guido , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2017

Wir berichten über ein allgemeines Syntheseverfahren für arylierte Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane durch die Öffnung von [1.1.1]Propellan mit verschiedenen Arylmagnesiumhalogeniden. Nach Transmetallierung mit ZnCl2 und einer Negishi‐ Kreuzkupplung mit Heteroaryl‐ oder Arylhalogeniden, werden diarylierte Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane erhalten, die als Bioisostere von internen Alkinen betrachtet werden können. Bioisostere von Tazaroten und 2‐Methyl‐6‐(phenylethinyl)pyridin, einem Antagonisten des metabotropen Glutamat‐Rezeptors 5 (mGluR5), wurden hergestellt und deren physikochemischen Eigenschaften ausgewertet.
Potential‐Cycling Synthesis of Single Platinum Atoms for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral Media
Authors: Zhang Lihan , Han Lili , Liu Haoxuan , Liu Xijun , Luo Jun
Published: August 2017

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have exhibited high activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis in acidic or alkaline media, when they are used with binders on cathodes. However, to date, no SACs have been reported for the HER electrocatalysis in neutral media. We demonstrate a potential‐cycling method to synthesize a catalyst comprising single Pt atoms on CoP‐based nanotube arrays supported by a Ni foam, termed PtSA‐NT‐NF. This binder‐free catalyst is centimeter‐scale and scalable. It is directly used as HER cathodes, whose performances at low and high current densities in phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7.2) are comparable to and better than, respectively, those of commercial Pt/C. The Pt mass activity of PtSA‐NT‐NF is 4 times of that of Pt/C, and its electrocatalytic stability is also better than that of Pt/C. This work provides a large‐scale production strategy for binder‐free Pt SAC electrodes for efficient HER in neutral media.
Interface‐Engineered Ni(OH)2/β‐like FeOOH Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhu Kaijian , Luo Wenjun , Zhu Guoxiang , Wang Jun , Zhu Yongfa , Zou Zhigang , Huang Wei
Published: August 2017

Iron‐based (oxy)hydroxides are especially attractive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to their earth abundance, low cost, and nontoxicity. However, poor OER kinetics on the surface restricts the performance of the FeOOH electrocatalyst. Herein, a highly efficient and stable Ni(OH)2/β‐like FeOOH electrocatalyst is obtained by facile electroactivation treatment. The activated Ni(OH)2/β‐like FeOOH sample indicates an overpotential of 300 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the OER, and no clear current decay after 50 h of testing; this is comparable to the most efficient nickel‐ and cobalt‐based electrocatalysts on planar substrates. Furthermore, studies suggest that β‐like FeOOH plays a key role in remarkably enhancing the performance during the electroactivation process owing to its metastable tunnel structure with a lower barrier for interface diffusion of Ni2+ ions between the bilayer electrocatalyst. This study develops a new strategy to explore efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts and deepens understanding of bilayer electrocatalysts for the OER.
Quasi‐Time‐Dependent Controller for Discrete‐Time Switched Linear Systems With Mode‐Dependent Average Dwell‐Time
Authors: Zheng Hui , Sun Guanghui , Ren Yu , Tian Congcong
Published: August 2017

This paper is concerned with the stability and stabilization problem of a class of discrete‐time switched systems with mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT). A novel Lyapunov function, which is both mode‐dependent (MD) and quasi‐time‐dependent (QTD), is established. The new established Lyapunov function is allowed to increase at some certain time instants. A QTD
controller is designed such that the system is globally uniformly asymptotically stable (GUAS) and has a guaranteed
performance index. The new QTD robust controller designed in this paper is less conservative than the mode independent one which is frequently considered in literatures. Finally, a numerical example and a practical example are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed results.
Untersuchung des Bemessungsansatzes der VDI 2719 für den Schallschutz von Fenstern unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Außenlärmspektren
Authors: Kübler Bernhard , Schedl Katharina
Published: August 2017

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Bemessungsansatzes der VDI Richtlinie – VDI 2719/1987‐08 für den Schallschutz von Fenstern unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Außenlärmpegelspektren. Das Leitmotiv stellt die Problematik der heute in der Praxis festgestellten Fehlbemessung des Schallschutzes bei Verwendung der in VDI 2719 enthaltenen Korrektursummanden dar. Der Ansatz zur Verwendung verschiedener Korrektursummanden in VDI 2719/1987‐08 basiert auf einer 1985 vom Umweltbundesamt in Auftrag gegebenen Forschungsarbeit von Moll und Szabunia. Die K‐Summanden berücksichtigen sowohl die Frequenzabhängigkeit der Fenster‐Schalldämmung als auch der Spektren des Außenlärms, welche sich beide im Laufe der Zeit verändert haben. Mit dieser Arbeit soll eine Basis geschaffen werden, auf der – anhand heute typischer Konstruktionen und Außenlärmsituationen – die erforderliche Schalldämmung der Fenster ohne erhebliche Über‐ oder Unterbemessung des Schallschutzes ermittelt werden kann.
Geokunststoffbewehrte Brückenwiderlager
Authors: Vollmert Lars , Klompmaker Jörg , Pauls Waldemar
Published: August 2017

Geokunststoffbewehrte Erdbauwerke (KBE) haben durch entsprechende Langzeiterfahrung mit den verwendeten Bauprodukten und den ausgeführten Konstruktionen einen hohen Reifegrad erreicht. Über die reine Nutzung als Steilböschung und Stützkonstruktion hinausgehend, werden sie im europäischen Umfeld zunehmend als Brückenwiderlager eingesetzt. Der geokunststoffbewehrte Erdkörper stellt dann das Widerlager selbst dar, auf dem ein Betonfundament als Träger der Brückenlager aufgesetzt wird. Die Konstruktionsweise stellt damit eine Mischung aus geotechnischen Verfahren und konstruktivem Ingenieurbau dar.

Infolge der Komplexität der aufgehenden geotechnischen Konstruktion im Zusammenspiel mit den hohen, lokal konzentrierten Flächenlasten ergeben sich besondere Anforderungen an die Bemessung, die Prognose von Verformungen und die Robustheit der Konstruktion. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnen Ergebnisse aus großmaßstäblichen Versuchen, insbesondere zum Verformungsverhalten der Gesamtkonstruktion unter Berücksichtigung des Bauverfahrens, sowie Erfahrungen und Beispiele aus der Praxis besondere Bedeutung.
Knowledge and teaching
Authors: Rata Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

The paper addresses a major fissure in the sociology of knowledge with respect to the theories of knowledge which inform teaching and learning. Instructional teaching, or ‘teaching knowledge to the child’, is compared to facilitation teaching, the ‘teaching the child’ approach to show the extent to which their differences are the result of very different understandings of how knowledge is constituted. In turn, these understandings about knowledge are implicated in major differences about the purpose that education serves in modern society. It is argued that the link between the way knowledge is structured and the way it is organised for teaching justifies instructional teaching as the more effective way to develop students’ learning. This learning is demonstrated in the subject mastery acquired as students connect propositional knowledge to practice knowledge. The facilitation approach is considered to be weak because it is primarily a pedagogical approach concerned with motivating students and fails to account for the type of knowledge that constitutes academic subjects. The paper makes a further claim for the importance of instructional teaching in modern society to argue that the identity of the modern, rational individual depends upon the direct teaching of abstract epistemically structured knowledge to successive generations. These collective representations which constitute the symbolic sphere, support the moral cohesion of democratic pluralistic societies.
Why do long‐serving teachers stay in the teaching profession? Analysing the motivations of teachers with 10 or more years’ experience in England
Authors: Chiong Charleen , Menzies Loic , Parameshwaran Meenakshi
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the reasons why long‐serving teachers remain in the teaching profession. Interest in teacher retention has grown in recent years, both in the UK and internationally, due to concerns over teacher shortage. However, most research on retention has focused on why teachers leave; this paper aims to fill the gap in our understanding of the positive reasons why long‐serving teachers stay in the profession, and how these reasons change over time. We define ‘long‐serving teachers’ as teachers who have taught for 10 years and more. We draw on a subset of data from an existing, broader study (Menzies et al., ) on why teachers enter and stay in the profession. In this paper, we draw on questionnaire findings from over 900 teachers with 0 to over 30 years’ teaching experience, and interviews with 14 long‐serving teachers, to understand why long‐serving teachers enter and, more importantly for our purposes, stay in teaching. We find that teachers’ motivational patterns are highly complex and influenced by school‐level and policy contexts. Nonetheless, two prominent retention factors are identified: teachers’ perceived professional mastery and altruistic reasons. Perceived professional mastery is particularly important due to its mutually reinforcing analytic relationships with other reasons. We find that teachers’ identification with intrinsic, altruistic and perceived professional mastery reasons become stronger with years of experience, but in some cases, paradoxically, so does their identification with extrinsic reasons. From our evidence, we suggest policy implications for enhancing the retention of long‐serving teachers.
A system identification approach for developing model predictive controllers of antibody quality attributes in cell culture processes
Authors: Downey Brandon , Schmitt John , Beller Justin , Russell Brian , Quach Anthony , Hermann Elizabeth , Lyon David , Breit Jeffrey
Published: August 2017

As the biopharmaceutical industry evolves to include more diverse protein formats and processes, more robust control of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) is needed to maintain processing flexibility without compromising quality. Active control of CQAs has been demonstrated using model predictive control techniques, which allow development of processes which are robust against disturbances associated with raw material variability and other potentially flexible operating conditions. Wide adoption of model predictive control in biopharmaceutical cell culture processes has been hampered, however, in part due to the large amount of data and expertise required to make a predictive model of controlled CQAs, a requirement for model predictive control. Here we developed a highly automated, perfusion apparatus to systematically and efficiently generate predictive models using application of system identification approaches. We successfully created a predictive model of %galactosylation using data obtained by manipulating galactose concentration in the perfusion apparatus in serialized step change experiments. We then demonstrated the use of the model in a model predictive controller in a simulated control scenario to successfully achieve a %galactosylation set point in a simulated fed‐batch culture. The automated model identification approach demonstrated here can potentially be generalized to many CQAs, and could be a more efficient, faster, and highly automated alternative to batch experiments for developing predictive models in cell culture processes, and allow the wider adoption of model predictive control in biopharmaceutical processes. © 2017 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1647–1661, 2017
Design and implementation of a real‐time monitoring tool for power engineering education
Authors: Rocha‐Doria Juan S. , Mosquera‐Arevalo Octavio A. , Angeles‐Camacho César , Espinel‐Ortega Alvaro , Calderón‐Guizar Jorge G.
Published: August 2017

This article reports on the implementation of a real‐time monitoring system in a laboratory test grid based on synchrophasorial measurement units. The system consists of the installation of different types of units for monitoring the electrical parameters of the network. The information is transmitted to a power data concentrator equipment, through a local area network under TCP/IP protocol. All the information received is properly processed and systematically stored for future use. A graphical application was developed to visualize the information in real‐ time or to perform off‐line power analyses. The functionality of the monitoring system was verified on several test grids and is used for teaching and research for both undergraduate and postgraduate students in the power electronics laboratory at the Engineering Institute of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Holistic therapy with disabled adults from a social and individual perspective: A service evaluation feasibility study
Authors: Halacre Mèlani , Jalil Rahul
Published: August 2017

Aim

Disabled adults require better access to tailored psychological therapy. A purpose‐developed intervention model was implemented at a nonprofit organisation in the UK. The aim was to consider the utility of this approach, designed to accommodate and thereby reduce psychological distress, and to inform future service evaluations, to effectively meet the needs of this client group.

Method

A one group pre and post‐test design was employed on the retrospective routine collected data, for clients in receipt of 1‐2‐1 therapy. Fifty‐three of the 91 clients (58%) completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation‐Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) at pre and post‐therapy. Common presenting issues for therapy included symptoms of depression, anxiety, coping strategies and spousal relationship issues. Data were subjected to descriptive analyses.

Results

At pretherapy, 91% (n = 83) were categorised as within the clinical range; 52% were either classified at a moderate (n = 23) or moderate‐to‐severe level (n = 24). A paired‐sample t‐test indicated a statistically significant difference in mean scores between pre‐ and post‐CORE‐OM assessments. Thirty clients (57%) met the criteria for reliable change in a favourable direction (improved), with 19 (36%) meeting the criteria for clinically significant change (recovered). Twenty‐two clients (41%) remained unchanged in terms of clinical severity category and one client (2%) deteriorated.

Conclusions

A purpose‐developed intervention model comprising a holistic, flexible therapy approach to some extent reduces psychological distress.
Are rupture–repair episodes related to outcome in the treatment of trauma‐exposed World Trade Center responders?
Authors: Haugen Peter T. , Werth Aditi S. , Foster Alyce L. , Owen Jesse
Published: August 2017

Objective

This study aimed to examine rupture–repair (R–R) episodes in a sample of adult World Trade Center responders (N = 32) who engaged in integrative psychotherapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an outpatient clinic.

Method

Participants rated therapeutic alliance after each session, and presence of R–R episodes was calculated throughout the course of treatment. We predicted that patients who experienced R–R episodes would have significantly better treatment outcomes than those who did not.

Results

ANCOVA analyses indicated that the presence or absence of R–R episodes was not meaningfully related to treatment outcome, with the exception of the Goals & Task domain of alliance, which was meaningfully related to improved outcome.

Conclusions

Attending to disagreements regarding treatment Goals & Task may be uniquely important for individuals with PTSD.
Supported Ru Metalloporphyrins for Electrocatalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Szkaradek Kinga , Buzar Krzysztof , Pidko Evgeny A. , Szyja Bartłomiej M.
Published: August 2017

This paper reports for the first time a computational analysis of the redox properties of graphene‐supported Ru‐porphyrins as potential catalytic materials for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Density functional theory reveals that such catalytic ensembles can efficiently activate both CO2 and CH4 molecules indicating their generic utility as C1‐functionalization catalysts. The charge transfer from the graphene surface to the catalytic Ru centers influences the thermodynamic stability of the key reaction intermediates and therefore determines the selectivity of the electrochemical process. The electrochemical reduction of CO2 can yield CO or methane, depending on the applied potential and reaction conditions. Calculations also identified alternative paths towards methanol and formic acid.
Highly Enantioselective C−H Oxidation of Arylalkanes with H2O2 in the Presence of Chiral Mn‐Aminopyridine Complexes
Authors: Talsi Evgenii P. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Ottenbacher Roman V. , Bryliakov Konstantin P.
Published: August 2017

Bioinspired chiral Mn‐aminopyridine complexes [(S,S)‐LMnII(OTf)2] and [(R,R)‐LMnII(OTf)2] (where (S,S)‐L=(2S,2′S)‐1,1′‐bis((3‐methyl‐4‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,2′‐bipyrrolidine, and (R,R)‐L=(2R,2′R)‐1,1′‐bis((3‐methyl‐4‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy)pyridin‐2‐yl)methyl)‐2,2′‐bipyrrolidine) have been shown to efficiently catalyze the benzylic C−H oxidation of arylalkanes with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of carboxylic acid additives, affording enantiomerically enriched 1‐arylalkanols and the corresponding ketones. Optically pure additive N‐Boc‐(L)‐proline, in combination with [(R,R)‐LMnII(OTf)2] complex, affords 1‐arylalkanols in up to 86 % ee, which is the highest reported enantioselectivity for direct benzylic hydroxylations with H2O2 in the presence of transition‐metal catalysts. Oxidative kinetic resolution only slightly contributes to the increase of the observed enantiomeric excess over the reaction course. The observed kH/kD values (3.5–3.6 for the oxidation of ethylbenzene/d10‐ethylbenzene) and competitive oxidation data are consistent with either a hydrogen‐atom transfer/oxygen rebound or hydride transfer/oxygen rebound asymmetric hydroxylation mechanism.
Freeze Drying as a Novel Approach to Improve Charge Transport in Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Zhong Peng , Chen Xinpeng , Xi He , Lei Yimin , Ma Xiaohua
Published: August 2017

Ordered TiO2 nanostructure arrays, such as hydrothermal nanorod arrays (NRAs) and anodic nanotube arrays, have attracted great attention in solar cells, photocatalysis, and so on, mainly owing to their vertically aligned 1D architectures. However, the device performances are limited by their poor electronic properties, owing to the morphology collapse and surface adsorbates. In this work, a novel freeze‐drying technique has been used to post‐treat hydrothermal TiO2 NRAs. The freeze‐drying treatment not only leads to a well‐preserved nanoarray morphology, but also induces complete removal of adsorbed chlorine on the TiO2 surface. The light‐scattering feature and the energy band structure have thus changed after freeze drying as compared to common air drying. As a result, the charge transfer at the TiO2/electrolyte interface and the collection efficiency of photo‐excited electrons through the TiO2 NRAs are substantially improved, leading to the performance enhancement of model solar cells.
Embedded Isoreticular Zeolites: Concept and Beyond
Authors: Cho Jung , Choi Hyun June , Guo Peng , Shin Jiho , Zou Xiaodong , Hong Suk Bong
Published: August 2017

The structure solution, prediction, and targeted synthesis of a family of embedded isoreticular zeolites (EIZs) with expanding structural complexity, denoted the RHO family, were reported recently. Here, the naming and building rules of body‐centered cubic EIZs with the lta cage as the lattice point are presented. The rearrangement of a pair of pau and d8r cages between two lta cages and its repetitive insertion, combined with the strong reflections and fragment methods, allows the creation of three other new zeolite families, designated the HPO, RHO(b), and KFI families. Among them, the KFI family is found to be the only EIZ family, on the basis of the similarity of structure factor amplitudes and phases of strong reflections, that is, structural coding, within its family members. The structural credibility of this family is confirmed by both local interatomic distances and T−T−T angle analyses. The existence of tetragonal EIZ families is also demonstrated. The overall results provide useful insights into the prediction of unprecedented EIZ families.
Unveiling NIR Aza‐Boron‐Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Dyes as Raman Probes: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)‐Guided Selective Detection and Imaging of Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Adarsh Nagappanpillai , Ramya Adukkadan N. , Maiti Kaustabh Kumar , Ramaiah Danaboyina
Published: August 2017

The development of new Raman reporters has attracted immense attention in diagnostic research based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques, which is a well established method for ultrasensitive detection through molecular fingerprinting and imaging. Herein, for the first time, we report the unique and efficient Raman active features of the selected aza‐BODIPY dyes 1–6. These distinctive attributes could be extended at the molecular level to allow detection through SERS upon adsorption onto nano‐roughened gold surface. Among the newly revealed Raman reporters, the amino substituted derivative 4 showed high signal intensity at very low concentrations (ca. 0.4 μm for 4‐Au). Interestingly, an efficient nanoprobe has been constructed by using gold nanoparticles as SERS substrate, and 4 as the Raman reporter (4‐Au@PEG), which unexpectedly showed efficient recognition of three human cancer cells (lung: A549, cervical: HeLa, Fibrosarcoma: HT‐1080) without any specific surface marker. We observed well reflected and resolved Raman mapping and characteristic signature peaks whereas, such recognition was not observed in normal fibroblast (3T3L1) cells. To confirm these findings, a SERS nanoprobe was conjugated with a specific tumour targeting marker, EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), a well known targeted agent for Human Fibrosarcoma (HT1080). This nanoprobe efficiently targeted the surface marker of HT1080 cells, threreby demonstrating its use as an ultrasensitive Raman probe for detection and targeted imaging, leaving normal cells unaffected.
Recycling of Rare Earths from FeNdB‐Magnets by Solid State Chlorination
Authors: Lorenz Tom , Fröhlich Peter , Bertau Martin
Published: August 2017

Die Feststoffchlorierung mit NH4Cl als chlorierendem Agens ist ein neuer Ansatz für den Aufschluss von Altmagneten, die Seltene Erden enthalten. Er bietet gegenüber hydrometallurgischen Ansätzen eine Reihe wirtschaftlicher Vorteile. Das Verfahren wurde an FeNdB‐Altmagneten einer Windkraftanlage ausgearbeitet und hinsichtlich der SE‐Ausbeute mittels 33‐Box‐Behnken‐Plan optimiert. Dabei wurden Temperatur, Zeit und NH4Cl/Magnet‐Verhältnis variiert. Zugleich profitiert der Prozess von einer nachfolgenden Laugung mit einem verdünnten Natriumacetat/Essigsäure‐Puffer.
A smart service model in greenhouse environment using event‐based security based on wireless sensor network
Authors: Sivamani Saraswathi , Choi Jongsun , Bae Kitae , Ko Hoon , Cho Yongyun
Published: August 2017

In the smart agricultural environment such as greenhouse or vertical farm, the automation process is performed using the environment sensors to maintain the growth of the crops. Currently, the system rely on the defined rule to perform automation, but the situation can turn catastrophic. With the interruption in the communication, data forging, or eavesdropping, the crops will be rotten and destroyed. Therefore, to maintain the automation without failure, the connection needs to be secure and tampering has to be avoided. In this paper, we discuss the security solution for the wireless sensor networks in the automated agricultural environment without any human intervention. The sink node that collects the sensor values organizes the data and transfer the data to the server, along with the XML encryption and private key mechanism for the communication. The secure protocol is used to make connection using the private key, XML ecryption prevents the system from eavesdropping, and forging. Some of the events discussed in the papers are EVNData, SENSORError, DDoSAttack, and ConnThreat. With the help of the event and the tag information, the data security and confidentiality is increased, for the better automation and crop growth.
Critical Review of Umbrella, Basket, and Platform Designs for Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Simon Richard
Published: August 2017

The successful development of new drugs with a companion diagnostic based on genomic alteration of an oncogene has led to rethinking of all phases on clinical development of cancer drugs. We critically review some of the new clinical trial designs for biomarker‐based cancer drug development. We try to clarify the objectives of the new designs and examine completed trials using these designs to evaluate what has been learned about these designs.
Kinase Inhibitors: The Reality Behind the Success
Authors: Jeon Jae Yoon , Sparreboom Alex , Baker Sharyn D.
Published: August 2017

Tremendous progress has been made by utilizing kinase inhibitors in oncology, and these agents continue to pave the way into other areas of medicine. There are, however, many challenges to the application of kinase inhibitors due to inherent shortcomings of the drugs and lack of comprehensive understanding of tumor and disease biology. The future fate of kinase inhibitors, however, is bright, as evidenced from ongoing efforts to increase their efficacy while remediating their weaknesses in order to provide the best quality of care to patients.
Two‐Dimensional Materials as Prospective Scaffolds for Mixed‐Matrix Membrane‐Based CO2 Separation
Authors: Zhu Xiang , Tian Chengcheng , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Dai Sheng
Published: August 2017

Membrane‐based CO2 separation technology plays a significant role in environmental remediation and clean energy. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials with atomically precise structures have emerged as prospective scaffolds to develop mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. Summarized in this perspective review are the latest breakthrough studies in the synthesis of 2D‐material‐based MMMs to separate CO2 from gas mixtures. 2D materials including graphene oxide (GO), metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived nanosheets, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as fascinating building blocks, have been comprehensively summarized, together with a focus on synthetic processes and gas separation properties. Challenges and the latest advances in the manufacture of novel synthetic 2D materials are briefly discussed to foresee emerging opportunities for the development of new generations of 2D‐material‐based MMMs.
Accounting for imperfect detection of groups and individuals when estimating abundance
Authors: Clement Matthew J. , Converse Sarah J. , Royle J. Andrew
Published: August 2017

If animals are independently detected during surveys, many methods exist for estimating animal abundance despite detection probabilities <1. Common estimators include double‐observer models, distance sampling models and combined double‐observer and distance sampling models (known as mark‐recapture‐distance‐sampling models;MRDS). When animals reside in groups, however, the assumption of independent detection is violated. In this case, the standard approach is to account for imperfect detection of groups, while assuming that individuals within groups are detected perfectly. However, this assumption is often unsupported. We introduce an abundance estimator for grouped animals when detection of groups is imperfect and group size may be under‐counted, but not over‐counted. The estimator combines anMRDSmodel with an N‐mixture model to account for imperfect detection of individuals. The newMRDS‐Nmix model requires the same data as anMRDSmodel (independent detection histories, an estimate of distance to transect, and an estimate of group size), plus a second estimate of group size provided by the second observer. We extend the model to situations in which detection of individuals within groups declines with distance. We simulated 12 data sets and used Bayesian methods to compare the performance of the newMRDS‐Nmix model to anMRDSmodel. Abundance estimates generated by theMRDS‐Nmix model exhibited minimal bias and nominal coverage levels. In contrast,MRDSabundance estimates were biased low and exhibited poor coverage. Many species of conservation interest reside in groups and could benefit from an estimator that better accounts for imperfect detection. Furthermore, the ability to relax the assumption of perfect detection of individuals within detected groups may allow surveyors to re‐allocate resources toward detection of new groups instead of extensive surveys of known groups. We believe the proposed estimator is feasible because the only additional field data required are a second estimate of group size.
Employing antenna selection to improve energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems
Authors: Arash Masoud , Yazdian Ehsan , Fazel Mohammad Sadegh , Brante Glauber , Imran Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2017

Massive multi‐input–multi‐output systems promise high data rates by using a large number of antennas, which also increases the power usage of the system as a consequence. This creates an optimization problem that specifies how many antennas the system should use to operate with maximal energy efficiency (EE). Our main goal is to consider a base station with a fixed number of antennas, such that the system can operate with a smaller subset of antennas according to the number of active user terminals, which may vary over time. Thus, in this paper, we propose an antenna selection algorithm, which selects the best antennas according to the better channel conditions with respect to the users, aiming at improving the overall EE. Then, due to the complexity of the mathematical formulation, a tight approximation for the consumed power is presented, using the Wishart theorem, and it is used to find a deterministic formulation for the EE. Simulation results show that the approximation is quite tight and that there is significant improvement in terms of EE when antenna selection is used.
Efficient rendezvous schemes for fast‐varying cognitive radio ad hoc networks
Authors: Al‐Mqdashi Abdulmajid , Sali A. , Abdel‐Rahman Mohammad J. , Noordin Nor Kamariah , Hashim Shaiful J. , Nordin Rosdiadee
Published: August 2017

Rendezvous is a fundamental operation for establishing communications between cognitive radios in a cognitive radio ad hoc network (CRAHN). Channel hopping (CH) provides an effective method for achieving rendezvous without relying on a dedicated common control channel. Most of the existing CH‐based rendezvous schemes were not designed for CRAHNs operating under fast primary user (PU) dynamics and result in excessive rendezvous delay when applied in such dynamic environments. To cope with fast PU dynamics, we propose in this paper two efficient cyclic‐quorum–based CH rendezvous schemes, which we refer to as nested cyclic quorum channel hopping (NCQ‐CH) and minimal nested cyclic quorum channel hopping (MNCQ‐CH). The proposed schemes are tailored for the spectrum‐heterogeneous CRAHNs. In addition to proactively accounting for PU dynamics, our CH‐based rendezvous schemes are designed to react to fast PU dynamics on the fly. To achieve this online adaptation, we augment NCQ‐CH and MNCQ‐CH with efficient mechanisms for channel ranking and quorum selection. Our simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed schemes under fast PU dynamics, in terms of the time‐to‐rendezvous and PU detection accuracy, as compared with existing rendezvous schemes in the literature.
GDSoC: Green dynamic self‐optimizing content caching in ICN‐based 5G network
Authors: Yang Shujie , Qiu Xuesong , Xie Haiyong , Guan Jianfeng , Liu Yang , Xu Changqiao
Published: August 2017

Fifth‐generation (5G) networks expect to see explosive growth of mobile data. In this context, 5G information‐centric networking (5G‐ICN) architecture is proposed to provide native support for this trend. However, because of the huge amount of energy consumed by high‐density data and extremely dynamic network topology in 5G networks, the current content caching strategies (CCSs) in ICN are not appropriate in 5G‐ICN architecture. In this paper, through balancing the trade‐off between data caching energy consumption and data transport energy consumption, an optimization problem is formulated with the consideration of dynamic network topology. By leveraging a dynamic self‐optimization algorithm, the formulated optimization problem is solved and the green dynamic self‐optimizing in‐network CCS (GDSoC) is therefore proposed. To demonstrate the performance of GDSoC, extensive simulations are performed in terms of caching hit ratio and energy consumption based on different network topologies (including CERNET, GÉANT, and Abilene topologies) through comparing with several well‐known caching strategies.