bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da capacidade funcional dos idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência
Authors: Dias Francisca Souza Santos , E Lima Clara Cynthia Melo , Queiroz Patrícia de Sousa Fernandes , Fernandes Tatiana Fróes
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de independência dos idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência na realização das atividades básicas da vida diária e correlacionar com o seu perfil sócio-demográfico. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi conduzido com 24 idosos, de ambos os sexos, residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência em uma cidade de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por aplicação de questionário sócio-demográfico e da escala de Katz, para a mensuração das Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatística descritiva. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A amostra, com idade entre 60 e 95 anos, apresentou maioria masculina (54,2%), solteira (71%), analfabeta (83%), que não possui filhos (71%). Na avaliação do desempenho das atividades básicas de vida diária, constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos era independente (54,2%), seguida dos dependentes (37,5%) e dos parcialmente dependentes (8,3%). Dentre os seis itens avaliados, apenas em vestir-se, a maioria foi dependente (54,2%). Conclusão: Conclui-se que na avaliação da capacidade funcional, os homens apresentaram dados de independência mais positivos que as mulheres, sendo que a maioria dos independentes possuía idade inferior a 80 anos.
Türki̇ye’de Sağlıkta Özelleşmenin Sonuçları Sağlık Hı̇zmetlerı̇nı̇n Değişen Arz ve Talep Yapısı
Authors: Kutlu İhsan
Published: February 2021

1980 yılı sonrasında dünyada ve Türkiye’de ağırlık kazanmaya başlayan neoliberal politikalar sağlık sistemini de kapsayacak şekilde hayatın pek çok alanına nüfuz etmiştir. Bu bağlamda tarihsel kökleri daha eski yıllara dayanmakla birlikte ülkemizde özellikle Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı çerçevesinde bu politikalar uygulamaya konulmuş ve zaman içerisinde önemli değişimler yaşanmıştır. Sağlık alanında özel sektörün giderek yaygınlık kazanması da yaşanan bu değişimlerden biri olmuştur. Sağlık sisteminin özelleşmesinin rekabete dayalı olarak sağlık hizmeti kalitesinin artması gibi olumlu bazı sonuçları olsa da bu eğilim tekelleşme gibi birtakım riskler de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlık hizmeti verilen kurumlar (hastane sayıları vb.), personel durumu (he-kim-hemşire sayıları) ve sağlık hizmetinin kullanımıyla (müracaat, ameliyat sayıları vb.) ilgili veriler üzerinden sağlıkta özelleşme eğilimi incelenmiş olup seçilen bu göstergelere dayanarak mevcut/muhtemel riskler dile getirilmiş ve bazı somut politika önerileri takdim edilmiştir.
Using Simon's algorithm to attack symmetric-key cryptographic primitives
Authors: Santoli Thomas , Schaffner Christian
Published: February 2021

We present new connections between quantum information and the field of classical cryptography. In particular, we provide examples where Simon’s algorithm can be used to show insecurity of commonly used cryptographic symmetric-key primitives. Specifically, these examples consist of a quantum distinguisher for the 3-round Feistel network and a forgery attack on CBC-MAC which forges a tag for a chosen-prefix message querying only other messages (of the same length). We assume that an adversary has quantum-oracle access to the respective classical primitives. Similar results have been achieved recently in independent work by Kaplan et al. [KLLNP16]. Our findings shed new light on the post-quantum security of cryptographic schemes and underline that classical security proofs of cryptographic constructions need to be revisited in light of quantum attackers.
Quantum invariants of 3-manifolds and NP vs #P
Authors: Alagic Gorjan , Lo Catharine
Published: February 2021

The computational complexity class #P captures the difficulty of counting the satisfying assignments to a boolean formula. In this work, we use basic tools from quantum computation to give a proof that the SO(3) Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariant of 3-manifolds is #P-hard to calculate. We then apply this result to a question about the combinatorics of Heegaard splittings, motivated by analogous work on link diagrams by M. Freedman. We show that, if #P 6⊆ FPNP, then there exist infinitely many Heegaard splittings which cannot be made logarithmically thin by local WRT-preserving moves, except perhaps via a superpolynomial number of steps. We also outline two extensions of the above results. First, adapting a result of Kuperberg, we show that any presentationindependent approximation of WRT is also #P-hard. Second, we sketch out how all of our results can be translated to the setting of triangulations and Turaev-Viro invariants.
Quantum key distribution with mismatched measurements over arbitrary channels
Authors: Krawec Walter O.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we derive key-rate expressions for different quantum key distribution protocols. Our key-rate equations utilize multiple channel statistics, including those gathered from mismatched measurement bases - i.e., when Alice and Bob choose incompatible bases. In particular, we will consider an Extended B92 and a two-way semi-quantum protocol. For both these protocols, we demonstrate that their tolerance to noise is higher than previously thought - in fact, we will show the semi-quantum protocol can actually tolerate the same noise level as the fully quantum BB84 protocol. Along the way, we will also consider an optimal QKD protocol for various quantum channels. Finally, all the key-rate expressions which we derive in this paper are applicable to any arbitrary, not necessarily symmetric, quantum channel.
Turning gate synthesis errors into incoherent errors
Authors: Hastings Matthew B.
Published: February 2021

Using error correcting codes and fault tolerant techniques, it is possible, at least in theory, to produce logical qubits with significantly lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits. Suppose, however, that the gates that act on these logical qubits are only approximation of the desired gate. This can arise, for example, in synthesizing a single qubit unitary from a set of Clifford and T gates; for a generic such unitary, any finite sequence of gates only approximates the desired target. In this case, errors in the gate can add coherently so that, roughly, the error epsilon in the unitary of each gate must scale as epsilon < 1/N, where N is the number of gates. If, however, one has the option of synthesizing one of several unitaries near the desired target, and if an average of these options is closer to the target, we give some elementary bounds showing cases in which the errors can be made to add incoherently by averaging over random choices, so that, roughly, one needs epsilon < 1/ √ N. We remark on one particular application to distilling magic states where this effect happens automatically in the usual circuits.
Improved Hamiltonian simulation via a truncated Taylor series and corrections
Authors: Novo Leonardo , Berry Dominic
Published: February 2021

We describe an improved version of the quantum algorithm for Hamiltonian simulation based on the implementation of a truncated Taylor series of the evolution operator. The idea is to add an extra step to the previously known algorithm which implements an operator that corrects the weightings of the Taylor series. This way, the desired accuracy is achieved with an improvement in the overall complexity of the algorithm. This quantum simulation method is applicable to a wide range of Hamiltonians of interest, including to quantum chemistry problems.
The complexity of antiferromagnetic interactions and 2D lattices
Authors: Piddock Stephen , Montanaro Ashley
Published: February 2021

Estimation of the minimum eigenvalue of a quantum Hamiltonian can be formalised as the Local Hamiltonian problem. We study the natural special case of the Local Hamiltonian problem where the same 2-local interaction, with differing weights, is applied across each pair of qubits. First we consider antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic interactions, where the weights of the terms in the Hamiltonian are restricted to all be of the same sign. We show that for symmetric 2-local interactions with no 1-local part, the problem is either QMA-complete or in StoqMA. In particular the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg and antiferromagnetic XY interactions are shown to be QMA-complete. We also prove StoqMA-completeness of the antiferromagnetic transverse field Ising model. Second, we study the Local Hamiltonian problem under the restriction that the interaction terms can only be chosen to lie on a particular graph. We prove that nearly all of the QMA-complete 2-local interactions remain QMA-complete when restricted to a 2D square lattice. Finally we consider both restrictions at the same time and discover that, with the exception of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction, all of the interactions which are QMA-complete with positive coefficients remain QMA-complete when restricted to a 2D triangular lattice.
Parallel self-testing of (tilted) EPR pairs via copies of (tilted) CHSH and the magic square game
Authors: Coladangelo Andrea
Published: February 2021

Device-independent self-testing allows a verifier to certify that potentially malicious parties hold on to a specific quantum state, based only on the observed correlations. Parallel self-testing has recently been explored, aiming to self-test many copies (i.e. a tensor product) of the target state concurrently. In this work, we show that n EPR pairs can be self-tested in parallel through n copies of the well known CHSH game. We generalise this result further to a parallel self-test of n tilted EPR pairs with arbitrary angles, and finally we show how our results and calculations can also be applied to obtain a parallel self-test of 2n EPR pairs via n copies of the Mermin-Peres magic square game.
Colloidal Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phases of Two-Dimensional Nanoparticles of Layered Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: WANG PEI-XI
Published: February 2021

Lyotropic liquid crystals are fluids with macroscopic anisotropic structures formed by the self-assembly of nonspherically-symmetric mesogenic molecules or nanoparticles. Here, lyotropic liquid crystalline phases with discotic-nematic orderings were observed in colloidal dispersions of hexagonal-shaped nanoplatelets of two-dimensional layered hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (with formula A2BX4 where A1+ is an organic ammonium cation, B2+ is a divalent metal cation, and X1- is a halide anion) synthesized via microcrystallization by mixing precursor solutions with antisolvents containing surfactants, which showed semiconducting properties such as blue to green photoluminescence. As nanocrystalline perovskites are compositionally (transition metals like manganese, copper or europium as octahedral unit centers, mixed halides, organic spacers with chirality, etc.), microscopic structurally (three-, two-, or one-dimensional), and geometrically (nanosheets or nanorods) adjustable, liquid crystals with different phase behaviors and physical features (e.g., paramagnetism) may be systematically developed using this method.
Bethe-Salpeter Study of the Optical Absorption of trans and cis Azobenzene-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks using Molecular and Periodic Models
Authors: Kshirsagar Aseem Rajan , Attaccalite Claudio , Blase Xavier , Li Jing , Poloni Roberta
Published: February 2021

The optical absorption spectra of the azobenzene-functionalized metal-organic framework, PCN-123, are calculated in cis and trans configurations using the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism and the GW approximation using periodic and non-periodic models. In the visible, near-UV and mid-UV region the optical excitations in the MOF are associated with the azobenzene functionalities and this results in spectral features similar to the case of the gas phase azobenzene and the azo-functionalized ligand. The most noticeable difference is the significantly more intense S1 band for cis in the MOF as compared to the free molecules which points to a faster and more complete cis→trans isomerization in the framework, with strong implications for the design of MOFs with high photoconversion efficiencies. Consistent with these findings, all the molecular models employed to represent the MOF, including the smallest, are found to yield a reasonable description of the low energy optical spectra (between 2 and 5 eV) of the periodic framework, with the exception of the stronger S1 band of cis in the MOF, a feature that we attribute to a limitation of the fragment model to correctly represent the wavefunction of the extended framework.
Microscopic Insights into Charge Formation and Energetics in N-Doped Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Dong Chuanding , Schumacher Stefan
Published: February 2021

In the molecular doping of organic semiconductors(OSC), achieving efficient charge generationand managing the energetic cost for chargerelease from local molecular charge transfercomplexes (CTCs) to the host matrix is ofcentral importance. Experimentally tremendousprogress has been made in this direction.However, the relation between OSC filmstructure on a nanoscopic level including differentinter-molecular geometrical arrangementsand the macroscopic properties of doped OSCfilms is usually only established quite indirectly.Explicit microscopic insights into the underlyingdoping mechanisms and resulting electronicstructure are still scarce and mostly limitedto the study of the individual molecular constituentsor isolated bi-molecular dopant:hostcomplexes. In the present study we investigaten-type doping of the frequently investigatedOSC materials ZnPC and F8ZnPc andtheir mixtures which are n-doped with 2-Cyc-DMBI. We report significant electronic differencesfor complexes with nominally the samematerial composition but different geometricalstructures. One specific important finding inthis context is that complexes containing twoadjacent dopant molecules show much reducedionization energy values, leading to substantiallyreduced energy cost for charge release. Furthermore our results demonstrate that importanttrends towards macroscopic system behaviorcan already be obtained with increasingsize and varying composition of the relativelysmall molecular dopant-host complexes considered,including systematic shifts in the Fermilevel energies in the doped OSC.
Is Designing Wardrobes a Micrograph of Applying for Ph.D. Abroad?
Authors: Dattatreya Mukherjee  , Christos Tsagkaris
Published: February 2021

Letter to Editor by Dattatreya Mukherjee (MBBS Student, Jinan University, P.R China) and Christos Tsagkaris (Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece)
Dental and Oral Care Under Clouds of COVID-19
Authors: Sumit Garg  , Shivani Gupta  , Rajesh Kumar Gupta  , Preety Gupta
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) made the headlines after its initial breakout in Wuhan, China in December 2019 . Viral by genome, lethal by nature, strongly contagious by character, it succeeded in making a new chapter in everyone’s life in a very short span making it a pandemic. Despite the extensive efforts to limit its effects we stand at a point where more than 50 million people have lost their lives battling COVID. Its widespread growth has raised many concerns for global health, particularly health professionals and dentists precisely. As dentists are more prone to get affected in the course of their occupation, this review is an attempt to briefly summarize the virus and various protocols to be practiced by the dentists in their practices to protect their own health.
UV Spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Potentials in Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale
Authors: Rangarajan N  , Sampath V  , Dass Prakash M V  , Mohanasundaram S
Published: February 2021

Notable growth in the usage of herbal remedies could be seen in recent days as an effective alternative choice of drugs. In particular, phenolic compounds have gained the highest attention and priority among the scientific community in exploring them as a novel drug for a wide range of communicable and non-communicable diseases. It has been studied well and proven extensively that the antioxidant potential of plants is largely depending on its phenolic contents. This study was focused to compare and analysis the biochemical composition, antioxidant activity and characterization of phenolic compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra  and Zingiber officinale root extracts. The ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra  and Zingiber officinale roots  were subjected to preliminary screening. The qualitative Phytochemical tests of the Glycyrrhiza glabra  and Zingiber officinale root showed the existence of polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavanoids, amino acids and proteins. The DPPH assay of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale root tissues showed a significant antioxidant property. FT-IR and UV Spectral studies of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale roots showed the presence of different biologically significant flavonoids. The results of this study exemplifies that the selected plants are notable sources of phenolic compounds and hence observed that significant antioxidant potential.
Author Correction: A detailed characterization of complex networks using Information Theory (Scientific Reports, (2019), 9, 1, (16689), 10.1038/s41598-019-53167-5)
Authors: Freitas CGS , Aquino ALL , Ramos HS , Frery Alejandro , Rosso OA
Published: February 2021

© 2021, The Author(s). An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Iodine concentration and prevalence of thyroid disease in older people after salt iodization in Turkey
Authors: Atmis Volkan , Bülbül Buket , Bahşi Remzi , Gümüşsoy Mesut , Yalçin Ahmet , Doğan Zeynal , Demir Özgür , Erdoğan Murat , Atli Teslime
Published: February 2021

Background: Iodine uptake is a main factor affecting thyroid disease. In Turkey, mandatory salt iodization began in 1999–2000. Aims: This study in 2009 determined the prevalence of thyroid diseases in older people in Mamak district, Ankara after iodization to ascertain if salt iodization alone is sufficient to reach adequate iodine levels in the older population. Methods: All Mamak residents ≥ 65 years were eligible for inclusion in the study. Demographic data and medical history were recorded. All participants had a thyroid ultrasound. Blood samples were taken to assess thyroid function and autoantibodies, and urine samples to assess iodine concentration. Participants with low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone underwent scintigraphy to assess thyroid uptake. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was done of nodules ≥ 1.5 cm where thyroid stimulating hormone was not suppressed. Results: Of 1200 eligible residents, 979 were included. Their mean age was 70.9 (standard deviation (SD) 5.7) years; 49.7% were women. Mean urinary iodine concentration was 98 (SD 81.29) µg/L. Goitre was found in 18.2% (89/487) of women and 6.7% (33/492) of men (P < 0.001) and 43.8% (428/979) had nodules. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 5.8% (57/979) of the participants, overt hyperthyroidism in 0.8% (8/979), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 2.2% (22/979) and T3 thyrotoxicosis in 0.3% (3/979). Toxic multinodular goitre and toxic adenoma caused 80% of hyperthyroidism cases. Biopsy detected no malignant pathology. Conclusion: After salt iodization, iodine levels have not yet reached favourable levels in older people. Iodization of salt seems insufficient to achieve these levels in older people; alternative iodine supplementation should be considered.
https://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v27/02/1020-3397-2021-2702-195-201-eng.pdf
Authors: Salem Abdel-Fattah
Published: February 2021

Background: According to the World Health Organization, the ideal caesarean section rate is 10–15% but rates have increased worldwide over the past few decades. Data on caesarean section rates across all Jordanian health sectors over a long period, including recent data that could guide future healthcare policy and interventions, are currently unavailable. Aims: To investigate caesarean sections trends and identify indications (medical and sociodemographic) associated with caesarean sections in Jordanian health sectors. Methods: Medical records of 2.8 million births in Jordan in 1982–2017 were retrieved and analysed. CS trends were compared across health sectors (governmental, university, private, and military hospitals) and with trends in England, Lebanon and Islamic Republic of Iran. CS indications were established from retrospective data, based on 3799 CS births, in 2 hospitals (governmental and private). Results: The CS rate in Jordan increased over the study period from 5.8 (±1.9)% in 1982–1987 to 31.0 (±0.7)% in 2015–2017. The caesarean sections rate in Jordan was initially lower (1983–2006) then became comparable (2007–2014) to that in England, but lower compared to that in Lebanon (2011–2016). In 2015–2017, caesarean sections rates in Jordanian health sectors were: 40.4 (±2.6)% (university), 39.1 (±1.8)% (private), 36.1 (±0.2)% (military) and 27.4 (±0.7)% (governmental). Previous CS (33.6%), abnormal presentation (20.3%), and patient request (16%) were the most common indications. Conclusions: The CS rate in Jordan is on an alarming upward trend. Urgent action is needed to prevent further increase in CS rate, including provision of clear information, advice, and counselling to pregnant women, as well as strict adherence to high-quality medical guidelines.
Evidências da alfabetização científica em grafias de ilustrações na perspectiva CTSA no Ensino de Química
Authors: Moretti Andressa Algayer da Silva , Rocha Zenaide de Fátima Dante Correia , Silva Cynthia Algayer da
Published: February 2021

Este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar evidências da alfabetização científica (AC) de ilustrações gráficas e discursivas estruturadas por alunos do 2o ano do Ensino Médio, após aplicação de uma sequência didática (SD) denominada “Qual a Química que você respira?” elaborada na perspectiva ciência, sociedade, tecnologia e ambiente (CTSA). A SD foi organizada nos moldes dos três momentos pedagógicos (3MP) e aplicada em 4 encontros presenciais de 2 horas/aulas cada. Foi proposto como atividade avaliativa aos alunos que elaborassem uma história que contemplasse o conteúdo de termoquímica visto em sala. Para a análise qualitativa foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011) sendo as categorias pré-estabelecidas a partir dos indicadores de AC propostos por Sasseron e Carvalho (2008; 2010). A abordagem utilizada oportunizou um ambiente de reflexão a partir da observação das relações dinâmicas entre os elementos de CTSA no contexto escolar, com a formação cidadã dos educandos, pois o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico favoreceu a elaboração de propostas para a solução de problemas de âmbito social e ambiental, evidenciadas pelas histórias criadas. Constatou-se que os estudantes foram capazes de relacionar conceitos de Química trabalhados na SD aos efeitos da poluição atmosférica no meio ambiente e na saúde.
OPTIMIZATION OF SOY RIPENING AND HARVESTING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KOBOZEVA TAMARA P. , POPOVA NATALIA P. , BELYSHKINA MARINA E.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the infl uence of pinching of Northern ecotype soybeans (Okskaya variety) on yield, protein, and oil productivity in high latitudes (57°), a long day, a limited amount of active temperatures (1700…2000 °C) on sod – podzolic soils of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The authors determine the prospects of using the method for varieties of an indeterminate type of growth. The pinching of crops was carried out three times: at the beginning of the fl owering phase, in the middle of the fl owering phase, and at the beginning of the bean formation phase. It was found that the pinching of crops carried out at the beginning of the bean formation phase, reduces the duration of the growing season by an average of 15 days. The technique ensures a more than double increase in the number of side shoots. The share of the coarse fraction of seeds was about 89%, the yield of seeds reached up to 2.00 t/ha, the protein content in seeds – up to 42.2%, fat – up to 19.1%, protein collection from the seed yield – up to 0.834 t/ha, essential amino acids in protein – up to 0.459 t/ha, fat – up to 0.380 t/ha, collection of unsaturated fatty acids – up to 0.228 t/ha. It is shown that the technique allows optimizing the ripening processes without reducing the productivity and quality of the crop, while the costs of pinching are paid off by reducing the costs of harvesting. The obtained data can be used to optimize soybean growing technologies at the northern border of the soy cultivation
AGROTECHNICAL AND ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF RIDGERS AND SEEDBED FORMERS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ANDREY I. PANOV
Published: February 2021

The authors propose a method for the assessment the energy effi ciency of soil cultivation machines for forming seedbeds and ridges when growing potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke and other vegetables, taking into account the relationship between agrotechnical and energy indicators. The paper describes the results of comparative fi eld tests of tillage machines with diff erent working tools for the same type of technological processes. It is advisable to use the indicator of the unit power consumption, referred to the average diameter of soil clods. The indicator of specifi c power per average clod diameter for the FGF-1 rotary tiller amounted to 4.0...4.3 kW/mm, for the GPK-2 rotary tiller – 3.3...4.3 kW/mm, and for the KG-1 ridge cultivator – 2.6...3.2 kW/mm. The required power for operation of the cultivator with passive working tools at the maximum possible speed is 5...15% lower, however, the GPK-2 and FGF-1 tillers with active working tools demonstrated higher agrotechnical indicators. For cutting ridges on pre-planting treatment of loamy soil of a medium and heavy mechanical composition, it is recommended to use a rotary cultivator FGF-1, for cutting ridges – a rotary tiller GPK-2. On pre-planting ridging and post-planting inter-row cultivation of light loamy soil the KG-1 tiller with passive working tools is a more preferable solution
STUDY THE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED BACTERIOCIN FROM LOCAL ISOLATION Lactococcuslactis ssp. lactisagainst SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES
Authors:   1باحث، قسم العلوم، كلية التربية الأساسية، الجامعة المستنصرية، العراق aliredaalaa79@gmail.com, هامل1 علاء حسين , سلمان2 جيهان عبد الستار ,   2أستاذ دكتوره، قسم علوم الحياة، كلية العلوم، الجامعة المستنصرية، العراق dr.jehan@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq, عزيز3 رغد أكرم ,   3أستاذ دكتوره، قسم العلوم، كلية التربية الأساسية، الجامعة المستنصرية، العراق regaad.edbs@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to study the inhibition activity of purified bacteriocin produced from the local isolation Lactococcuslactis ssp. lactis against pathogenic bacteria species isolated from clinical samples in some hospitals Baghdad city. Screening of L. lactis ssp. Lactis and isolated from the intestines fish and raw milk was performed in well diffusion method. The results showed that L. lactis ssp. lactis (Lc4) was the most efficient isolate in producing the bacteriocin as well observed inhibitory activity the increased that companied with the concentration, the concentration of the twice filtrate was better in obtaining higher inhibition diameters compared to the one-fold concentration. The concentrated bacteriocin was purified using the gel filtration column and Sephacryl S-200. The results showed the high inhibitory activity of the purified bacteriocin after the purification against the positive and negative bacteria of the Gram stain under study compared to the one-fold concentration and two-fold before purification , The diameters of the inhibition zones after gel-filtering of the purified bacteriocin reached S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. clocae and S. marcescens (23, 25, 26, 20, 22 and 28) Mm respectively. The carbohydrate content of purified bacteriocin from L. lactis ssp. lactis (Lc4) isolate was 6.02% with a molecular weight of 6310 Dalton. The results showed that purified bacteriocin retained its inhibitory activity at pH 2-10 and showed the highest inhibition at pH 4-6 and lost at pH 12. The purified bacteriocin was characterized by thermal stability. It retained its effectiveness when exposed to 40, 60, 80, 100°C for 30, 15, 5 minutes and 120°C for 15.5 minutes and lost 50% of its effectiveness when exposed to 120°C for 30 minutes. Results The purified bacteriocin was effectively retained when treated with enzyme pepsin and trypsin of 37°C for one hour and at pH 7.
ON QUADRATIC FORMS WITH A STATIONARY HYPERPLANE
Authors:   State Humanitarian-Technological University, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region, Russia, Galkanov Allaberdi G.
Published: February 2021

A critical analysis (with specific numerical examples) of the conclusions following from Onsager’s theory in the classical linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes shown the insufficiency of conditions that guarantee the non-negativity and equality to zero of the entropy production. In order to understand the reasons for such a situation, the article introduces the concept of a quadratic form with a stationary hyperplane and compiles a system of nonlinear equations of a special form, in which a Boolean vector is unknown. Their precise definitions are given. The theorem is formulated and proved as a criterion, the fulfillment of the conditions of which is necessary and sufficient for a quadratic form to be a form with a stationary hyperplane. It is also shown that the quadratic form with a stationary hyperplane as applied to the production of the entropy gives quite correct explanations for the discrepancies that occur in Onsager’s theory. Instead, those explanations do not contradict the second law of thermodynamics. Thus, a quadratic form with a stationary hyperplane can be considered as a completely adequate mathematical model for studying a certain class of issues in the classical linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It is shown as well that every quadratic form with a stationary hyperplane is reducible to a perfect square and is a positive semidefinite form. So quadratic forms with a stationary hyperplane can be used in the educational process in the course of algebra when studying the topic “Quadratic forms”.
Історія одного тексту Лесі Українки: “Поет під час облоги”
Authors: Кицан Олена
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу окремої поезії видатної української письменниці Лесі Українки. Встановлено, що авторка цікавилася основами версифікації, а їх знання вважала неодмінною умовою поетичної майстерності. У статті зроблено спробу простежити шлях поетичного тексту від автографу до останньої прижиттєвої публікації у збірці. Особливу увагу приділено змінам як на змістовому, так і на формальному рівнях. З’ясовано, що Леся Українка надавала формальній організації тексту надзвичайно великого значення, що й засвідчують густо покреслені чернетки. Письменниця болісно сприймала втручання редакторів у форму своїх поетичних творів, а тому намагалася самостійно надати їм досконалого вигляду та звучання.
Типологія та функції односкладних речень у романі «Марія» Уласа Самчука
Authors: Бабій Ірина
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена розгляду односкладних речень у романі Уласа Самчука «Марія». У сучасній синтаксичній теорії проблема вивчення односкладних речень є актуальною. У статті охарактеризовано односкладні речення з формально-граматичного і семантичного погляду, описано основні типи цих речень. Простежено своєрідність синтаксичної будови та функціонування односкладних речень у прозовій мові Уласа Самчука. У результаті розгляду семантико-синтаксичної організації художньої оповіді Уласа Самчука виявлено, що письменник часто вживає односкладні конструкції, наділяючи їх різноманітною естетичною вагою.
Реалізація стилістичного потенціалу оцінності в українській мові
Authors: Коць Тетяна
Published: February 2021

У статті з’ясовано функціонально-стилістичні параметри оцінності як лінгвістичної категорії., яка охоплює різнорівневі мовні одиниці з оцінною семантикою і передає позитивне або негативне ставлення мовця до названого предмета, явища, поняття. Позитивна або негативна змістова шкала оцінності формується відповідно до визначених у суспільстві соціальних, національно-культурних, моральних цінностей. Логічна (раціональна) і емоційна (ірраціональна) оцінка в тексті взаємодіють. Логічну оцінність мотивують об’єктивні думки, а емоційну – почуття суб’єкта до об’єкта (особи, предмета, явища, події тощо). Одиницями логічної оцінності є слова і словосполучення з позитивнооцінною і негативнооцінною семантикою з інтелектуальної сфери мовомислення, а одиницями емоційної – експресивно-конотативні мовні засоби. Оцінювання відбувається шляхом вживання мовних одиниць, зареєстрованих у словниках або в пам’яті носіїв мови з погляду їхніх ціннісних орієнтирів. Стилістичний потенціал оцінності в тексті розкритий на лексичному, фразеологічному, синтаксичному рівнях. Тексти різні за стилем і змістом різняться за способом вираження в них вербальної аксіології.
Efecto de la estimación de la presión atmosférica sobre el cálculo de niveles de agua y caudales
Authors:   Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca. Ecuador, Guallpa Mario , Célleri Rolando ,   Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca. Ecuador
Published: February 2021

La calidad y precisión de los estudios hidrológicos depende principalmente de los datos y de los modelos hidrológicos utilizados. Sin embargo, muy poco se cuestiona la calidad de los datos y los efectos de ellos en los análisis posteriores. Al realizar el monitoreo hidrológico es común que se pierdan datos de presión atmosférica por fallas en los sensores y vandalismo, especialmente en zonas remotas, lo cual hace imposible calcular los caudales. Por ello, este estudio estuvo orientado a determinar el efecto de la estimación de datos de presión atmosférica sobre el cálculo del nivel de agua en pequeños cauces y cómo estos errores se propagan hacia la estimación de caudales. El estudio se realizó con datos registrados por sensores de presión de 18 estaciones hidrológicas y meteorológicas instalados en los observatorios ecohidrológicos de Zhurucay y Soldados (ecosistemas de páramo, 3200 a 4200 msnm) y Mazar (bosque montano 2600 a 3500 msnm), ubicados en el sur del Ecuador, desde junio de 2011 a diciembre de 2012. Los resultados revelaron que la regresión lineal más eficiente que la interpolación/extrapolación para estimar datos de presión atmosférica, al presentar valores del coeficientes de Nash – Sutcliffe mayores a 0.71, incluso para sensores ubicados hasta con 490 m de desnivel y separados hasta 4778 m. Los errores producidos sobre el cálculo de caudales fueron menores al 5 % del sesgo absoluto. Para calibrar la ecuación de regresión se analizaron períodos de 1 día a 4 meses (con registros de presión cada 5 minutos), encontrando que aún contar con un día de datos proporciona una buena ecuación de regresión. En conclusión, la pérdida de datos de presión puede ser estimada con bastante precisión para los fines de cálculo de caudales a partir de observaciones de otro sensor.
El concepto de zona topográfica fluvial
Authors:   Programa de Pós Graduação em Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental. Brasil, de Almeida Mota Aline , Kobiyama Masato ,   Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, UFRGS. Brasil, Grison Fernando ,   Engenharia Ambiental, UFFS. Brasil
Published: February 2021

Los objetivos del presente estudio son: (i) proponer un concepto nuevo de una zona, la zona topográfica fluvial (FTZ), donde la relación entre río y vertiente sea más intensa, así como describir el método para delimitar esta zona en mapas; (ii) comparar el área de preservación permanente (PPA) con la FTZ a lo largo del río principal (28,8 km) de la cuenca dos Bugres (78,2 km2) que se ubica en la ciudad de Rio Negrinho, en el departamento de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Los índices TI (Índice Topográfico), STI (Índice Topográfico de Suelo), y sinuosidad fueron seleccionados para verificar la aplicabilidad de la FTZ, considerando que TI y STI son influenciados principalmente por las vertientes, mientras la sinuosidad está relacionada esencialmente al río. Por lo tanto, una correlación significativa de ellos debe indicar que la relación río-ladera es más intensa en esta zona. La curva de nivel más cercana al canal del río es el límite de la FTZ. El procedimiento de trazado de FTZ fue realizado para el río dos Bugres utilizando un mapa topográfico (1:50.000). TI, STI y la sinuosidad de las áreas de contribución fueron estimadas. En seguida las correlaciones de la sinuosidad con los dos índices fueron evaluadas considerando el área de toda la cuenca y sólo el correspondiente a FTZ. Los resultados revelan que la sinuosidad es más fuertemente influenciada por la topografía do que por las propiedades del suelo, y esta influencia se revela más significativa en la FTZ. Esto implica la importancia de la FTZ como área de preservación, así como en investigaciones científicas. Con base en la legislación nacional de Brasil, la PPA del río dos Bugres fue delimitada y comparada a FTZ. FTZ y PPA consisten en 10% y 3% del área de la cuenca, respectivamente. FTZ coincide totalmente con PPA sólo en la parte alta del río principal, y aumenta gradualmente aguas abajo. En la parte baja de la cuenca FTZ alcanza la anchura de 300 m, mientras PPA mantiene siempre el ancho de 30 m. Por lo tanto, los resultados permiten concluir que FTZ comprende la dinámica de meandramiento fluvial, la cual es de extrema importancia para la preservación de diversas especies de flora y fauna en la zona riparia. Además, el facto del ancho de la FTZ ser variable de acuerdo con cada río debe ser considerado muy positivo, porque se adapta a las peculiaridades de cada río.
Simulación de los efectos del cambio climático en los recursos hídricos y estrategias de adaptación, usando el modelo Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP), en la cuenca de la región Yaque del Norte de la República Dominicana
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, (INDRHI). República Dominicana, Huertas Febrillet , Clases José ,   Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, (INDRHI). República Dominicana, Bello Luis ,   Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, (INDRHI). República Dominicana, Chalas J. ,   Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos, (INDRHI). República Dominicana
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación presenta los resultados de los supuestos simulados utilizando el modelo Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP), desarrollado por un equipo de investigadores del Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), para la Región Yaque del Norte de la República Dominicana, que incluye tres supuestos: que todo permanezca igual a través del tiempo, hasta el 2050; que se produzca una mejora en la eficiencia del riego, por adaptación gradual de tecnología que ahorre el recurso agua; y de cambio climático a través del efecto del cambio gradual en la precipitación, temperatura y humedad relativa a largo plazo. Para la simulación del cambio climático, se eligió un escenario de clima moderado, que predice una tendencia a disminuir la precipitación anual en un 10% y un aumento de la temperatura entre 1.2 y 2.2 °C, para el 2100. Los resultados del estudio indican que las demandas de agua en el escenario de cambio climático ascienden a unos 3,517 MMC, con un incremento de la demanda de unos 1000 MMC aproximadamente, comparado con el escenario sin cambio climático, lo que muestran que la región Yaque del Norte es sensible a dichos cambios y que deben realizarse medidas de adaptación urgentes para mitigar los cambios que podrían producirse.
Identificación de actores: una contribución a la gestión de los colectores de drenaje de la ciudad de Cipolletti (Río Negro, Argentina)
Authors:   Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Argentina, Lozeco Cristóbal , Schreider Mario ,   Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Argentina, Petri Daniel ,   Departamento Provincial de Aguas. Argentina, Paris Marta ,   Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Argentina
Published: February 2021

a Ciudad de Cipolletti, con aproximadamente 100.000 habitantes, está ubicada en el Alto Valle del Río Negro, en la confluencia de los Ríos Neuquén y Limay, que dan origen al Río Negro. El sistema de riego del Alto Valle nace en el Dique Ballester, sobre el río Neuquén y riega unas 50.000 ha, principalmente con producción frutícola (manzanas y peras). Los colectores de drenaje del sistema de riego fueron construidos para captar excedentes de riego, controlar la posición de la capa freática, evitar riesgos de salinización de los suelos y evacuar excedentes pluviales de las principales ciudades del Alto Valle. Sin embargo, en la actualidad actúan además como receptores de descargas industriales y cloacales en algunos casos con tratamientos que respetan las normas de vuelco que fija la normativa provincial y en otros casos no. A ello se suman descargas clandestinas de efluentes sin tratamiento alguno y una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos urbanos que provienen de los asentamientos informales ubicados en las inmediaciones de estos colectores. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la identificación y caracterización de los actores clave y el análisis de su relevancia social en el marco de la problemática ambiental descripta. Este análisis social se considera sustantivo para el diseño de una estructura organizacional que gestione los colectores de drenaje bajo la visión de la Gestión Integrada de los Recursos Hídricos (GIRH). Fundado en estos conceptos se propuso la creación del Consejo de los Colectores de Drenaje de la Ciudad de Cipolletti cuya misión es definir las políticas de gestión e implementar las acciones estructurales y medidas no estructurales necesarias para su funcionamiento sostenible. El Consejo está integrado por un Comité Ejecutivo en cuyo ámbito se habrán de gestionar las medidas de acción que se requieran en orden a cumplir con la misión del Consejo; un Comité de Usuarios, que constituye una estructura deliberativa en la cual los usuarios del sistema puedan llevar sus inquietudes, establecer prioridades y elevar requerimientos al Comité Ejecutivo; y un Comité Asesor, que constituye una estructura de consulta y apoyo a la toma de decisiones. Por último integra el Consejo una Mesa de Diálogo entendida como un espacio de negociación y acuerdo, que adquiere relevancia en situaciones de desacuerdo o eventuales conflictos entre los principales actores que integran el Consejo.
Modelación de la oferta hídrica en una cuenca de montaña tropical en función de su cobertura del suelo
Authors:   COCASINCLAIR EP, Subgerencia Ambiental y Responsabilidad Social. Ecuador, Duque Yaguache Luis Felipe , Vázquez Zambrano Raúl Fernando ,   Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales. Ecuador
Published: February 2021

Se presentan los resultados principales de la modelación hidrológica mensual de una cuenca de montaña tropical ubicada al nororiente del Ecuador, la misma que es muy importante para el desarrollo del país, particularmente en vista de que se encuentra en la cabecera de la cuenca que aporta al proyecto hidroeléctrico más grande del país, Coca Codo Sinclair. El protocolo de modelación incluyó el empleo de un código semidistribuído, Water Evaluation And Planning System (WEAP), y el análisis de (a) la calidad de simulación de los caudales observados; y (b) la congruencia de la simulación hidrológica de cada una de las coberturas del suelo existentes en la zona de estudio. Con el fin de mantener el número de parámetros a calibrar dentro de límites razonables, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad en base a simulaciones Monte Carlo, el mismo que demostró el fenómeno de equifinalidad ya que no se pudo identificar un único juego óptimo de parámetros para el modelo numérico de la zona de estudio. El modelo resultante presenta problemas al simular los caudales totales, aunque es capaz de simular de mejor manera los caudales base. Con estas limitaciones en mente, se concluyó que el aporte de caudal base fue de 11,50 m3 s-1, 6,20 m3 s-1 y 1,40 m3 s-1 provenientes respectivamente de los usos bosque, páramo y pasto. Se cree que las limitaciones del modelo se producen por una descripción inadecuada de la precipitación, concretamente por la falta de información para la cuantificación adecuada de la precipitación horizontal. Sin embargo, este aspecto debe investigarse más en el futuro para descartar otros motivos.
Metodología para la propuesta de caudales ecológicos en función de restricciones ambientales y de gestión
Authors:   Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Santos Hersília , Soares Laura ,   Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Martínez-Capel Francisco ,   Universitat Politècnica de València. España, Callisto Marcos ,   Laboratório Ecologia de Bentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Tupinambás Taynan ,   Laboratório Ecologia de Bentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Castro Diego ,   Laboratório Ecologia de Bentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Brasil, França Juliana ,   Laboratório Ecologia de Bentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Pompeu Paulo ,   Laboratório Ictiologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Brasil, Sampaio Francisco ,   Laboratório Ictiologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Brasil, Gandini Cíntia ,   Laboratório Ictiologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras. Brasil, Lopes João Victor ,   Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais. Brasil, Alves Carlos ,   Nuvelhas/ Projeto Manuelzão.. Brasil
Published: February 2021

La operación de numerosas presas se realiza con el propósito de regular el caudal de los ríos a escala temporal diaria y estacional, para poder aportar energía tanto en picos de consumo como en épocas de bajo caudal o de sequías. Dicha regulación cambia las características del agua y de los ecosistemas acuáticos, alterando la dinámica de materia y energía, la disponibilidad de hábitat físico, y en conjunto la integridad de los ecosistemas. Este estudio propuso un régimen ecológico de caudales para mejorar el estado ecológico del Río Grande bajo la central hidroeléctrica de Itutinga (Minas Gerais, Brasil). En el diseño del régimen ecológico de caudales se combinaron las siguientes herramientas: i) Series temporales de caudales medios diarios; ii) análisis de la respuesta biológica de las comunidades de peces y macro-invertebrados acuáticos ante un experimento de manipulación de los picos de caudales, aguas abajo de la misma central; iii) análisis del régimen actual de caudales mediante Indicadores de Alteración Hidrológica (IHA). La representación del régimen ecológico anual, con un rango de variabilidad, fue construido a partir de un modelo autorregresivo cuyas restricciones fueron obtenidas mediante análisis de cinco componentes fundamentales del régimen hidrológico (magnitud, frecuencia, duración, temporalidad y tasas de cambio) del período anterior (1934-1954) y posterior a la construcción de la presa (1990-2011). Además de los IHA, para la magnitud del caudal se consideró la respuesta biológica de las comunidades de peces y macroinvertebrados acuáticos, así como algunos límites de operación de la central indicados por la empresa hidroeléctrica. El método desarrollado aporta una perspectiva novedosa para los caudales ecológicos en América Latina, debido a su enfoque multidisciplinar, ya que integra información hidrológica, biológica, y datos sobre la operación de presas.