bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voluntary running wheel activity reduces seizure burden and affords neuroprotection in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy
Authors: Kebede Valentina , Di Sapia Rossella , Tonesi Nicole , Rizzi Massimo , Balosso Silvia , Spallaci Daniele , Craparotta Ilaria , Pasetto Laura , Bonetto Valentina , Marsella Gerardo , Porcu Luca , Rosati Giorgio , Ieraci Alessandro , Vezzani Annamaria
Published: February 2025

Objective

Physical exercise may improve neurological deficits and neuronal damage after acute brain injuries and decrease established seizures. We investigated whether voluntary running wheel (RW) activity affects epileptogenesis in a mouse model of acquired epilepsy compared to sedentary mice.

Methods

Epilepsy was induced by intra‐amygdala kainate causing status epilepticus (SE) in adult male mice. Sham mice were implanted with electrodes and injected with saline, and matched to experimental mice. In the RW‐1 protocol, SE mice were trained to run for 5 weeks before SE induction and for 6 weeks thereafter. In the RW‐2 protocol, mice began using RWs 24 h post‐SE for 10 weeks. At the end of each protocol, electrocorticography (ECoG) was recorded for 2 weeks (24/7) in the absence of RWs. Matched sedentary mice were kept in home cages without RWs, subjected to SE, and had ECoG monitored. At the end of experiment, all mice were processed for assessing hippocampal neuronal cell loss (Nissl staining), hilar mossy cells (GLUR2/3 staining), and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage (serum matrix metalloproteinase‐9 [MMP‐9] by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay). Neuroinflammation (reverse‐transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and albumin level (western blot) were also measured in the hippocampus of RW1 mice 72 h post‐SE, together with serum MMP‐9.

Results

RW activity in SE mice reduced the incidence of epilepsy (RW‐1 by 38%; RW‐2 by 54%, p < .05) and the total time spent in seizures (RW‐1, p < .05; RW‐2, p < .01) compared to sedentary mice. RW‐1 SE mice showed reduced average seizure duration (p < .01), whereas RW‐2 SE mice showed reduced number of seizures (p < .01). Reduction in seizure duration was associated with prevention of GluR2/3‐positive mossy cell loss, which occurs in sedentary SE mice (p < .01 vs sham mice). Seizure duration in epileptic mice was negatively correlated with the number of hilar mossy cells (p < .01). Preventive RW‐1 activity reduced SE duration and severity (p < .05) vs sedentary mice. Aberrant neurogenesis was reduced in the dentate gyrus of SE mice subjected to RWs (p < .01) vs sedentary mice. Serum MMP‐9 and brain albumin levels were reduced in SE mice exposed to running activity (p < .05) compared to sedentary mice.

Significance

Physical exercise reduced seizure burden and neuropathology in mice, offering a strategy to improve disease outcomes after acute brain injury.
Impact of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation in Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell due to Marine Heatwave Under Global Warming
Authors: Sheng Xingda , Zuo Xiaojie , Luo Lin , Pang Guanfeng , Zhang Huawei , Chew Kit Wayne , Fang Dongshun , Chen Binbin , Wu Mingjiang
Published: February 2025

Because of the rising global temperatures, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, a commercially valuable seaweed, has experienced reduced yield and quality due to high temperatures from marine heatwave events. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of heatwave stress on S. fusiforme remain unclear. In this study, the mechanisms of heatwave stress on the carbon and nitrogen assimilation processes in S. fusiforme were analyzed. These results indicated that heatwave stress, especially at 30°C for 12 days, significantly increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (83%), malondialdehyde (84.7%), and relative conductivity (16.5%) in algae, which suggested an increase in algal damage. Morphologically, heatwave stress damaged the thylakoid structure and reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of algae and accumulated NADPH, ATP, and α‐ketoglutarate significantly, resulting in decreased content of mannitol, the photosynthetic product. Additionally, physiological and transcriptomic results revealed that heatwave stress inhibited the rate of nitrate absorption rate and the activities of the most enzymes associated with nitrogen accumulation, while significantly upregulating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), suggesting a crucial role for GDH in S. fusiforme's adaptation to heatwave stress. In terms of amino acid composition, proline and alanine were the most sensitive to heatwave treatment. Moreover, under the natural heatwave environment simulation validation experiment, the algae showed the same physiological performance as under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that marine heatwave events increased oxidative damage in S. fusiforme and inhibited carbon and nitrogen absorption and assimilation, ultimately leading to negative effects on the growth of algae. Thus, in the context of rapid global warming exacerbating marine heatwave events, our study provides valuable insights for high‐temperature‐resistant breeding and ecological management in coastal aquaculture.
Detection of Respiratory Viruses Other Than SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Large Hospital Laboratory in Rome, Italy, During the Seasons 2016–2017 to 2022–2023
Authors: Liotti Flora Marzia , Marchetti Simona , D'Onghia Sara , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Santangelo Rosaria , Posteraro Brunella
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective

Respiratory viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their circulation influenced by seasonal patterns and pandemic‐related interventions. This study analyzed detection trends of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viruses in a large Italian hospital over a 7‐year period, focusing on variations across COVID‐19–related periods and patient age groups.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed multiplex PCR‐based laboratory results of 8836 nasopharyngeal samples collected between September 2016 and August 2023. Viral detection rates were stratified by season, COVID‐19–related periods (pre‐pandemic, pandemic, post‐pandemic), and age groups.

Results

Of the 8836 nasopharyngeal samples analyzed, 2795 (31.6%) tested positive for at least one respiratory virus. Rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) was the most frequently detected virus (37.6%), followed by influenza A virus (IAV, 17.9%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 17.2%). The 2020–2021 season had the lowest positivity rate (p < 0.001), with marked declines in IAV and RSV detections, likely because of COVID‐19 mitigation measures. Conversely, detections of RV/EV and human coronaviruses increased. Postpandemic data suggested a return to prepandemic patterns, though overall positivity rates remained altered. Age‐stratified analysis revealed RSV predominance in infants (p < 0.001), emphasizing its clinical relevance in pediatric populations.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of respiratory virus epidemiology and the persistent impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on viral circulation. Continuous surveillance and adaptive public health strategies are essential for managing future outbreaks and mitigating the burden of respiratory viral infections.
Variation in wing and tail moult intensity in white‐chinned petrels
Authors: Adekola Oluwadunsin E. , Ryan Peter G.
Published: February 2025

The cost of moult is substantial, and the timing and intensity of flight feather moult can influence survival and fitness, especially in large, long‐winged species such as many seabirds. We explore variation in wing and tail moult in > 2400 white‐chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis killed in fisheries off southern Africa to assess how they integrate moult into their annual cycle and whether wing moult impacts their behaviour at sea. All petrels showed a simple descendent primary moult and one active moult centre, although moult of P2–3 sometimes started before P1. The Underhill–Zucchini moult model estimated that adult primary moult started after breeding on 7 May (± 8 days SD) and lasted 103 days (mean end date 20 August ± 10 days). Adult males started and finished moult 10 days before females. Immature petrels started primary moult earlier than adults, and their moult was probably more protracted as they moulted fewer primaries at once (1.9 ± 1.2) when compared to adults (2.3 ± 1.1), independent of sex. Adult moult was particularly intense in the inner primaries, growing up to six feathers at once, slowing to at most 3–4 outer primaries. The secondary moult started two weeks after the primary moult, once 3–4 primaries had been dropped. Secondary moult typically started with the innermost secondaries, plus inward waves from S1 and S5 in 2.7 ± 1.3 active moult centres (range 1–6), replacing 4.6 ± 2.7 (1–13) secondaries at once. Adults had more intense secondary moult (4.7 ± 2.8 growing feathers) than immatures (3.6 ± 2.3), with no difference between the sexes. However, photographs of non‐moulting birds at sea show that 27% of birds do not replace all secondaries each year. The tail moult usually commenced at the start of the secondary moult and was highly variable, with 1–12 rectrices growing at once. Adults had more active centres (3.0 ± 1.4) than immatures (2.3 ± 1.0). Moult symmetry was greater among the primaries (84%) than either the secondaries (46%) or rectrices (68%). Although adult wing moult was intense, there was no marked reduction in flight activity among breeding adults fitted with leg‐mounted activity loggers during the moult period. Our findings are largely in accord with previous studies of moult in petrels, but our large sample size reveals considerable variation among individuals, which is surprising given the high cost of moult. Future studies should attempt to investigate the factors determining this variation.
Catheter Ablation Improves Ventilatory Efficiency in Atrial Fibrillation‐Mediated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ahluwalia Nikhil , Bruce David , Ashdown Ashley , Focacci Fabrizio , Abbass Hakam , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Chow Anthony , Dhinoja Mehul , Hunter Ross J. , Petersen Steffen , Lloyd Guy , Schilling Richard J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation (EOV) and a steep ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2) slope are features of ventilatory inefficiency on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), both associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The prevalence in patients with co‐existent atrial fibrillation (AF) and the impact of catheter ablation (CA) is unknown.

Objectives

To characterize ventilatory inefficiency in patients with persistent AF and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVSD) and assess the impact of CA.

Methods

Patients with persistent AF and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) < 50% undergoing first‐time CA were prospectively enrolled. Echocardiography and CPET were performed at baseline and 6 months post‐CA. EOV was defined using the Kremser–Corrà criteria, and VE/VCO2 slope gradient > 30 was considered abnormal.

Results

A total of 53 participants were enrolled (mean LVEF of 34 ± 9%). A total of 10 (19.2%) exhibited EOV at baseline. These patients had larger indexed left atrial (41.6 ± 13.1 mL/m2 vs. 33.3 ± 9.3 mL/m2, p = 0.03) and ventricular volumes [65.7 mL/m2 (57.1, 89.0) vs. 46.7 mL/m2 (39.8, 61.4), p = 0.03]. The partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) at peak exercise increased (33.7 ± 6.1 mmHg to 41.2 ± 5.8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and correlated with improvement in HF symptoms (p = −0.003) and objective HF markers. A total of 25 (48.1%) had an abnormal VE/VCO2 gradient. The EOV pattern resolved in eight (80%) participants due to a reduction in EOV burden (71.1 ± 11.9% vs. 48.8 ± 14.8%, p = 0.006) and the component amplitude of minute ventilation cycles (2.6 L/min (2.5,3.2) vs 2.2 L/min (1.8,2.6), p = 0.028). Fewer patients had an abnormal VE/VCO2 gradient after CA [25 (48.1%) vs. 16 (34.0%), p = 0.004].

Conclusions

Ventilatory inefficiency is common in patients with AF and LVSD. CA improves both EOV and VE/VCO2 in AF‐induced cardiomyopathy. Improvement in PETCO2 is also seen and correlates with HF symptom burden.
The Current Landscape for Screening and Monitoring of Early‐Stage Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Narayan Kruthika , Mikler Kara , Maguire Ann , Craig Maria E. , Bell Kirstine
Published: February 2025

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has two pre‐symptomatic phases (stages 1 and 2) with progressive destruction of beta cells which have been identified through longitudinal cohort studies in recent decades. The definition of T1D, with hyperglycaemia that may or may not be symptomatic, is now defined as stage 3. There is growing evidence that screening for stages 1 and 2 reduces rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and prevents long‐term complications. These stages can be defined by the presence of islet autoantibodies which are markers of autoimmune beta cell damage. Furthermore, genetic risk scores, which combine a variety of single nucleotide polymorphisms, identify people at high genetic risk of future T1D. Thus, they provide an opportunity to select high‐risk individuals for islet autoantibody testing. Individuals identified as having stage 1 or 2 T1D require ongoing monitoring to detect hyperglycaemia and the need for insulin replacement. These individuals may also be eligible for emerging immunotherapies in future to delay progression to stage 3. This review article explores the current evidence for screening and summarises the recommended clinical care for early‐stage T1D.
Programmatic Ideas Adopted Through Policy Diffusion in the Design of the Human Development Bonus (HDB) in Ecuador
Authors: Albuja Echeverría Wilson Santiago
Published: February 2025

Cash transfer programs emerged in the mid‐1990s, eventually spreading to Latin America and the Caribbean, and later, throughout the world. The contributions of international organizations have shaped, driven, and diffused these cash transfer programs. The questions guiding this research concern how the Human Development Bonus in Ecuador was designed and how the programmatic ideas of international organizations influence decision and policy makers. The hypothesis posits that international organizations’ programmatic ideas about cash transfer programs, positioned as instruments to combat poverty, are diffused throughout the national context as an instrument of compensation for the most vulnerable families, with policy makers adopting mechanisms of coercion, emulation, and learning when designing the Human Development Bonus. From a neo‐institutionalist perspective, public policy networks are analyzed, demonstrating that the origin of the Human Development Bonus is endogenous; it began as an instrument of fiscal policy amid the possible elimination of the gas subsidy, which did not materialize, and it then moved to social policy. International organizations played a relevant role in designing the Human Development Bonus by imposing structural adjustment reforms, establishing the conditions for the delivery of loans, and offering technical assistance.
Mast hindcasts reveal pervasive effects of extreme drought on a foundational conifer species
Authors: Wion Andreas P. , Pearse Ian S. , Broxson Max , Redmond Miranda D.
Published: February 2025

Predicting seed production is challenging because many plants produce highly variable crops among years (i.e. masting), but doing so can inform forest management, conservation, and our understanding of ecosystem trajectories in a changing climate. We evaluated the ability of an existing model to forecast masting in an ecologically and culturally important tree species in the southwestern United States, Pinus edulis.

Annual seed cone production was predicted using cross‐validation techniques on two unique out‐of‐sample datasets, representing different collection methods and spatial scales (cone scars and cone counts). We then hindcasted this model into the historical past to evaluate whether seed production has declined with the onset of extreme drought conditions in western North America.

The evaluated model had fair skill, with root‐mean‐squared error of 6%. The model had better skill predicting the interannual variability within a site than among sites (i.e. within years). Hindcast analyses indicated recent (2000–2024) mean annual cone production was 30.6% lower than in the past century (1900–1999).

Mast forecasts are within reach, but much room remains for improvement. Forecasts may be a powerful tool to anticipate the effects of climate change on forests and woodlands.
NOTES ON THE MESOPOTAMIAN ENERGY ECONOMY
Authors: Joffe Alex
Published: February 2025

All societies require thermal energy for human survival and for household and industrial purposes. Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological data show that dung, a ubiquitous secondary animal product, was employed as fuel in the ancient Near East, in addition to use as agricultural fertilizer. A review of Mesopotamian texts shows, however, that dung is mentioned occasionally in medical contexts, rarely in reference to agriculture, and never with respect to fuel. How the energy economy was organized in Mesopotamia and other early complex societies remains unclear, but apparent textual lacunae suggest that dung was part of an informal economy with well understood rules lying outside the scope of literate institutions.
Perioperative Airway Management for Midface Surgery in Children With Syndromic Craniosynostosis; a Single Center Experience With Immediate Extubation
Authors: Cuperus Iris E. , Bernard Simone E. , Joosten Koen F. M. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Pullens Bas , Mathijssen Irene M. J. , Bouzariouh Anouar
Published: February 2025

Background

Midface advancements in children with syndromic craniosynostosis present challenges for anesthesiologists and intensive care teams.

Aims

This study reviewed the perioperative airway management protocol for immediate tracheal extubation after midface surgery at our tertiary center over the past 10 years.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed to obtain information on respiratory disorders, surgical and anesthetic management, airway support, and respiratory complications following le Fort III (LF3) and monobloc (MB) with distraction. Patients with a tracheostomy were excluded.

Results

Thirty‐two patients (12 LF3, 20 MB) were included. All were immediately extubated with a median of 25 min after surgery. Immediate extubation was performed in young patients (n = 8/32, < 5 years old), in patients with severe OSA (n = 6/32, median oAHI 23/h), with difficult airways (n = 5/32, Cormack‐Lehane airway grade ≥ 3), with significant intraoperative blood loss (n = 32, median 46 mL/kg), and with long operative times (n = 32, median 223 min). The majority of patients received no or only oxygen support in the first hours after extubation (n = 29/32) and could be discharged from the pediatric intensive care unit to the surgical ward after 1 day (n = 30/32). A 5‐month‐old patient with MB required intermittent oxygen and Guedel airway throughout his hospitalization due to airway obstruction at the tongue base combined with supine positioning to allow external traction.

Conclusions

Despite the pre‐existing airway disorder, the extent of the procedure and the effect of anesthesia on airway tone, all patients were extubated immediately after midface advancement, with only one young patient needing prolonged postoperative support. Immediate extubation is feasible following midface advancement in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to demonstrate superiority to delayed extubation.
“What I share is not the same as therapy”: Psychologist experiences of Instagram use as a mental health influencer
Authors: White Ella , Hanley Terry
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Psychologists are increasingly using social media to share their therapeutic knowledge. Despite this, social media guidelines devised by professional bodies remain limited in content, with the focus typically on personal use rather than professional use as a mental health influencer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore practitioner psychologists' experiences of Instagram use with an influencer presence.

Methods

Twelve UK‐based practitioner psychologists were interviewed who had an Instagram account that they used as a mental health influencer. The semi‐structured interview transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were developed, each with four subthemes. The first theme ‘“I'm a psychologist, but I'm not your psychologist” explored psychologists’ experiences of trying to input boundaries on Instagram around self‐disclosure, risk management, time management, and client work. The second theme ‘“anxiety about not wanting to do the wrong thing” highlighted the impact of an influencer presence on psychologists’ own mental health. The third theme ‘“I share what I think is going to be helpful for other people and myself” considered the psychologists’ motivations for Instagram use for social justice advocacy and business promotion, and the contradictions between these.

Conclusion

Psychologists can use their training to share evidence‐based research as a free widely accessible form of psychoeducation potentially acting as a first step into therapy. However, there are still many ethical ambiguities thus updated guidance specifically for an influencer presence can reduce psychologists' anxieties and potential risks.
High nutrient requirement on the photosynthetic performance of a diatom species of the genus Nitzschia (Bacillariophyta) isolated from the high‐altitude wetland, Salar de Huasco, Chile
Authors: Eissler Yoanna , Anabalón Jeremy , Celis‐Plá Paula S. M. , Kieft Brandon , Junier Pilar , Rivera Patricio , Cruces Fabiola , Ascencio Enrique , Dorador Cristina , Molina Verónica
Published: February 2025

This study characterizes the ecophysiological responses and growth dynamics of Nitzschia palea isolated from Salar de Huasco, Chile, a high‐altitude wetland located at 3800 m above sea level. The culture was maintained at 17°C under cool‐white fluorescent light with a 14:10 h light/dark photocycle and a photon flux of 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The diatom was identified morphologically and genetically, with phylogenetic analysis confirming its close relationship to known N. palea strains. Photophysiological responses were measured along with a series of media and temperature conditions in N. palea strain. Modified f/2 media supplemented with different concentrations of Si, Se and vitamins were tested. Subsequently, growth in the double‐Si f/2 media was assessed at three different temperatures. Lastly, the diatom strain was incubated at 17°C and 27–29°C in f/2 + double‐Si (NN: non‐extra nutrient addition) and a highly eutrophic state of f/2 (WN: with nutrient enrichment addition). The highest growth was observed using the f/2 media WN at 17°C (day 5, 4.46 × 105 ± 3.15 × 104 SD cells mL−1). Temperature significantly influenced growth; 17°C supported higher cell densities and more stable photosynthetic parameters compared 27–29°C. Nutrient enrichment further enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (αETR) and maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), particularly under control temperature conditions. Photosynthetic performance, assessed via rapid light‐response curves, showed significant temperature and nutrient dependent variation. Nitzschia palea cultures at 27–29°C exhibited increased in relative maximal ETR (rETRmax,184.1 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to control conditions. In nutrient enriched treatments, photosynthetic efficiency peaked on day 5, but declined by day 8. These findings highlight the adaptive capacity of N. palea to fluctuating environmental conditions and underscore its potential as a model organism for studying diatom responses to nutrient and temperature stress in extreme ecosystems.
What to expect from restored Cerrado grasslands? Indicators and reference values from pristine ecosystems
Authors: Campos Bruna H. , Pilon Natashi , Durigan Giselda
Published: February 2025

Open ecosystems are disappearing worldwide, requiring urgent restoration efforts. However, limited knowledge of their structure and composition hinders the assessment of restoration success. We aimed to establish reference values for plant community attributes in undisturbed native grasslands to guide restoration. In an unprecedented data collection, we sampled 14 remnants under different climate, soil, and fire regimes, representing a broad portion of the Brazilian savanna (except the least converted northern). We assessed plant community composition, richness at different scales, ground cover by functional groups, and aboveground biomass. From the 794 species recorded, half were unique occurrences, and few were present in over 70% of the sampled areas. Richness ranged from 9 to 22 species/m2 and 53 to 130 in 30 m2. Grasses (22–80%) and non‐grasses (9–45%) did not cover the ground entirely, leaving 4–56% exposed. Biomass ranged from 57 to 715 g/m2. Because species composition is variable, finding a “reference set” of species for the whole Cerrado is not possible. Regional subsets and key functional guilds are recommended instead. The number of species/m2 is a good proxy for diversity, and species/30 m2 is a good reference for total richness. Biomass is an unreliable indicator due to the broad natural range independent of integrity. The maximum biomass, however, should never be surpassed. Structural targets should include grasses, non‐grasses, and bare soil within the reference range, but achieving pristine plant richness may be unrealistic in most cases. Strong efforts should focus on conservation rather than restoration, once recovering all the reference's attributes is difficult.
Is Self‐Report of Attachment Patterns in Young People Stable From Three to Nine Months After a Concussion?
Authors: Tuborgh Astrid , Svendsen Susanne Wulff , Elklit Ask , Hunter Jon , Jensen Jens Søndergaard , Ørnbøl Eva , Schröder Andreas , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk , Thastum Mille Møller , Næss‐Schmidt Erhard Trillingsgaard , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka
Published: February 2025

Insecure adult attachment patterns have recently been associated with an increased risk of developing persistent post‐concussion symptoms (PCS) and poorer treatment outcomes, highlighting the potential of attachment‐informed treatment protocols for persistent PCS. A key requirement for such approaches is that attachment patterns remain relatively stable during the post‐injury illness course, allowing them to serve as reliable indicators for guiding initial care and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess the stability of self‐reported attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance in individuals aged 15–30 years, from three (T1) to nine (T2) months after a concussion, corresponding to the period when treatment for PCS typically becomes relevant. This study is a methodological follow‐up of a larger clinical cohort study comprising 3080 individuals aged 15–30 years who were diagnosed with a concussion. Attachment dimensions were measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships‐Relationship Structures Questionnaire at three (T1) and nine (T2) months post‐injury. Both mean‐level and individual changes were examined, taking relevant covariates such as sex, age, level of PCS, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and social support into account. At T1, 958 respondents were included (39%), with 416 also responding at T2 (43%). Mean‐level changes were minimal (attachment anxiety: β = −0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.22; 0.08)), attachment avoidance: β = 0.00 (95% CI: −0.11; 0.11). Larger individual changes that could not be explained by measurement error were observed in 12% of participants. No association was found with any of the covariates. Self‐reported attachment patterns appear to remain stable in most young people with a concussion from 3 to 9 months post‐injury. The findings strengthen confidence in conducting research to investigate whether attachment‐informed treatment approaches can improve healthcare for these patients.
How Institutional Layering Shapes Collaborative Governance: An Examination of Forest Collaboratives in the Pacific Northwest (PNW)
Authors: Dill Brian
Published: February 2025

Collaborative governance arrangements have become an important means by which a wide range of complex collective action problems are solved. Despite the importance assigned by many scholars and policy makers to the role of collaboration, the matter of how these new institutions emerge and take form has not received the consideration it warrants. In the prevailing view, institutional innovations emerge when state actors are confronted with complex problems that exceed the limits of traditional administrative structures and jurisdictional boundaries. Existing rules are seemingly “displaced'' to allow for the introduction of new ones. This article explores the question of what happens when collaborative governance arrangements have been “layered” on top of preexisting institutions to convert them toward new objectives. Using forest collaboratives engaged in managing federal public lands in the Pacific Northwest as a case study, I argue that layering collaborative requirements on top of an existing institutional apparatus may not be the best way to put a bureaucracy in the service of new goals. I propose restructuring or replacing outdated frameworks to create a more integrated system that fosters genuine collaboration, aligns with current goals, and effectively addresses complex challenges.
Design of a 6-DOF Heavy-Duty and High-Precision 3-3 Orthogonal Parallel Robot with Flexible Hinges
Authors: Qi Chenkun , Lin Jianfeng , Hu Yan , Zhou Songlin , Gao Feng
Published: February 2025

Parallel robot is important in high-precision application. The current studies focus on the high-precision robot with light payload capability. It is insufficient for the supporting of space optical telescope. When designing a robot with large payload, performance redundancy of the robot needs to be reduced because the high payload and precision will cause high cost. In this paper, a 6-DOF heavy-duty and high-precision 3-3 orthogonal parallel robot with flexible hinges is presented. A performance redundance minimization-based type selection method is proposed by the isotropy comparison. The performance of between Stewart and orthogonal mechanisms is compared based on local transmission index, force and torque payload isotropy, displacement and rotation accuracy isotropy. A performance mean maximization and standard deviation minimum dimensional optimization method is proposed. Two new indexes named payload distribution index and accuracy distribution index are proposed to evaluate the performance redundancy of the mechanism. The mechanism parameters are designed based on performance atlas using workspace volume index, global transmission index, global payload index, global accuracy index, payload distribution index, and accuracy distribution index. A new modeling method considering the nun-functional motion of spherical joint with stiffness compensation is proposed. Modeling and control experiments on the robot demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Effects of Moral Reasoning and Team Identification on Sports Fans’ Psychological Health
Authors: Warren Stephen
Published: February 2025

When presented with troubling information about a player they root for, sports fans may engage in the coping strategies of rationalization and decoupling. This study explores how using those strategies affects fans’ social, eudaemonic, and hedonic psychological health when presented with an athlete having objectionable political associations and social media posts. A four (decoupling/coupling/rationalization/control) by three (low/medium/high team identification) experiment revealed that there were no differences in psychological health between moral-reasoning conditions or the control, suggesting that even if fans rationalize or decouple to cope, rooting for someone with objectionable political associations does not affect their well-being. However, team identification directly affected some measures of hedonic and eudaemonic well-being, but not social well-being. Implications for players, fans, teams, sport marketing, and media psychology are discussed.
Comparative Analysis of U17, U20, and Senior Football Team Performances in the FIFA World Cup: From Youth to Senior Level
Authors: Ju Wonwoo , Morgans Ryland , Webb Jordan , Cost Rick , Oliva-Lozano José M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate differences in match physical and technical/tactical performance of teams across different competitive levels in international soccer: FIFA Men’s World Cup Qatar 2022 (MWC), FIFA U20 World Cup Argentina 2023 (U20WC), and FIFA U17 World Cup Indonesia 2023 (U17WC). Methods: From a total of 168 games, 138 games were analyzed (N = 276 game observations) using an optical tracking system. Results: On average, the U17WC teams exhibited reduced total running (3% less), high-intensity running (14%–16% less), and sprinting (18%–26% less) distance than the MWC and U20WC teams (P ≤ .0023; effect size [ES]: 0.8–1.5). The MWC teams displayed 4% to 5% higher accuracy in passing and executing line breaks (P ≤ .0188; ES: 0.6–0.7), along with increased offers to receive the ball (53%–118% more) and movements to receive the ball (44%–101% more), and received the ball (61%–137%) more often than the U20WC and U17WC teams (P < .001; ES: 1.1–2.1). Moreover, notable decreases in defensive pressure (−18% to −32%) and forced turnovers (−26% to −32%) were observed in the U17WC than other competitions (P ≤ .0001; ES: 0.8–2.2). Greater variability was observed among the U17WC teams in several metrics, including high-intensity/sprinting distances, attempts at goal, and receptions in the final third. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that as the competitive level increases, so do the physical demands, advanced technical skills, and tactical fluidity/adaptability. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting match performance of younger age groups, as higher variability was evident in both physical and technical/tactical performance in matches.
Sarcopenia-Related Parameters in Older Adults With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Arcila Castaño Luz A. , Vilas-Boas Vanessa Fonseca , De Lima Vivian Castillo , Coelho-Júnior Hélio J. , Uchida Marco C.
Published: February 2025

Objective: Examine the impact of hemodialysis therapy on physical function and body composition after 6 months in community-dwelling older adults with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess physical function in older adults on hemodialysis therapy (hemodialysis-dependent CHD patients [HD]) compared with robust older adults without CKD. The study included 23 HD patients (68.8 ± 5.2 years) and 25 control group participants (68.1 ± 6.3 years). Physical function and body composition were evaluated using standard tests and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) in physical function were observed between the groups. The HD group showed markedly slower performance in usual gait speed (38.46% slower), five times sit-to-stand test (104.08% slower), Timed Up and Go test (68.65% slower), Timed Up and Go cognitive (142.30% slower), and one-leg stand balance test on the right leg (52.85% lower). However, there were no significant differences in appendicular skeletal mass muscle and fat mass between the HD and control groups. However, lean mass muscle showed the significant reduction for male CKD patients. Conclusion: Hemodialysis therapy significantly reduces physical function in community-dwelling older adults with CKD, with a high prevalence of mobility impairments observed 6 months after initiating dialysis therapy. Conversely, only lean mass muscle was reduced significantly for male patients. Significance: This study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions to counteract the accelerated decline in physical function and lean muscle mass in older adults with CKD undergoing hemodialysis.
A non-Hebbian code for episodic memory
Authors: Pang Rich , Recanatesi Stefano
Published: February 2025

Hebbian plasticity has long dominated neurobiological models of memory formation. Yet, plasticity rules operating on one-shot episodic memory timescales rarely depend on both pre- and postsynaptic spiking, challenging Hebbian theory in this crucial regime. Here, we present an episodic memory model governed by a simpler rule depending only on presynaptic activity. We show that this rule, capitalizing on high-dimensional neural activity with restricted transitions, naturally stores episodes as paths through complex state spaces like those underlying a world model. The resulting memory traces, which we term path vectors, are highly expressive and decodable with an odor-tracking algorithm. We show that path vectors are robust alternatives to Hebbian traces, support one-shot sequential and associative recall, along with policy learning, and shed light on specific hippocampal plasticity rules. Thus, non-Hebbian plasticity is sufficient for flexible memory and learning and well-suited to encode episodes and policies as paths through a world model.
SUMO2/3 conjugation of TDP-43 protects against aggregation
Authors: Verde Enza Maria , Antoniani Francesco , Mediani Laura , Secco Valentina , Crotti Samuele , Ferrara Maria Celidea , Vinet Jonathan , Sergeeva Aleksandra , Yan Xiao , Hoege Carsten , Stuani Cristiana , Paron Francesca , Kao Tzu-Ting , Shrivastava Rohit , Polanowska Jolanta , Bailly Aymeric , Rosa Alessandro , Aronica Eleonora , Goswami Anand , Shneider Neil , Hyman Anthony A. , Buratti Emanuele , Xirodimas Dimitris , Franzmann Titus M. , Alberti Simon , Carra Serena
Published: February 2025

Cytosolic aggregation of the RNA binding protein TDP-43 (transactive response DNA-binding protein 43) is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Here, we report that during oxidative stress, TDP-43 becomes SUMO2/3-ylated by the SUMO E3 ligase protein PIAS4 (protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4) and enriches in cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). Upon pharmacological inhibition of TDP-43 SUMO2/3-ylation or PIAS4 depletion, TDP-43 enrichment in SGs is accompanied by irreversible aggregation. In cells that are unable to assemble SGs, SUMO2/3-ylation of TDP-43 is strongly impaired, supporting the notion that SGs are compartments that promote TDP-43 SUMO2/3-ylation during oxidative stress. Binding of TDP-43 to UG-rich RNA antagonizes PIAS4-mediated SUMO2/3-ylation, while RNA dissociation promotes TDP-43 SUMO2/3-ylation. We conclude that SUMO2/3 protein conjugation is a cellular mechanism to stabilize cytosolic RNA-free TDP-43 against aggregation.
Sequential multidimensional heteroepitaxy of chalcogen-sharing 3D ZnSe and 2D MoSe
2
with quasi van der Waals interface engineering
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Oh Saeyoung , Kwak Seung Jae , Noh Gichang , Choi Minhyuk , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Yuseok , Kim Min-gyu , Kim Tae Soo , Jo Min-kyung , Lee Won Bo , Yoo Jinkyoung , Hong Young Joon , Song Seungwoo , Kwak Joon Young , Kim YongJoo , Jeong Hu Young , Kang Kibum
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are emerging as a promising platform for epitaxial growth, largely free from the constraints of lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient mismatches. Among them, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), known for their superior electrical properties, are ideal for ultrathin semiconductor applications. Their unique epitaxial characteristics enable seamless integration with 3D materials, facilitating the development of gate stacks and heterojunction devices. In this regard, developing a process for growing high-quality 3D epitaxial materials before and after the growth of 2D TMDs and understanding the 2D/3D interface are crucial. This study demonstrates the sequential growth of fully epitaxial ZnSe/MoSe
2
/ZnSe heterostructures using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. ZnSe and MoSe
2
, sharing chalcogen elements, enable large-area quasi van der Waals epitaxy with sharp interfaces without intermediate phase. Multiscale analysis involving transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculation reveals lattice commensurability, van der Waals gaps, termination, and interfacial reconstruction. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing multidimensional integration of 2D and 3D materials.
Hybrid electromagnetic toroidal vortices
Authors: Wang Ren , Ying Beier , Shi Shuai , Wang Junsong , Wang Bing-Zhong , Liang Musheng , Shen Yijie
Published: February 2025

The ubiquitous occurrence of toroidal vortices, or vortex rings, in fluid dynamics scenarios in nature has garnered notable attention in the scientific community, while their electromagnetic counterparts have only been proposed recently with two distinct manifestations: vector toroidal pulses and scalar phase toroidal vortices. Herein, we theoretically propose a form of electromagnetic toroidal vortex solutions that uniquely integrates both scalar and vector characteristics, challenging the prevailing notion of their mutual exclusivity. We also present an experimental generation of hybrid toroidal vortex pulses by a compact coaxial horn emitter augmented with a radial metasurface. These topological pulses exhibit peculiar electromagnetic features, such as vortex streets, skyrmions, and transverse orbital angular momentum, and may present advantages when propagating through perturbations, opening avenues for enhanced free-space information transmission, topologically nontrivial light-matter interaction, and microscopy techniques.
Nonreciprocal chirality conversion in spatiotemporal evolutions of nematic colloidal entanglement
Authors: Zhang Jing , Tang Wentao , Asilehan Zhawure , Chen Zijun , Shi Qingtian , Vergara Fernando , Jiang Jinghua , Zhang Rui , Peng Chenhui
Published: February 2025

In soft matter systems, there is a wealth of topological phenomena, such as singular disclination lines and nonsingular defects of skyrmions and hopfions. In a liquid crystal (LC), the topological nature of disclination lines and colloids induces chiral colloidal entanglements. How the chirality of the entanglements is deterministically created and how the chirality conversion is actuated in the disclinations with Möbius strip topology have never been explored. Here, we create colloidal entanglements with designed chirality in the nematic disclination loops with Möbius topology. An irreversible process of chirality change is revealed if we move the colloidal entanglement along the loops. A nonreciprocal chirality conversion in the dynamical colloidal entanglements is demonstrated, which is induced by the interplay between topological profiles and the geometrical curvature of the disclination loop. Colloidal entanglements in opposite chirality are templated in arbitrary shapes of disclination lines. This work opens opportunities to design smart colloidal materials.
Altered immune landscape of cervical lymph nodes reveals Epstein-Barr virus signature in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sarkkinen Joona , Yohannes Dawit A. , Kreivi Nea , Dürnsteiner Pia , Elsakova Alexandra , Huuhtanen Jani , Nowlan Kirsten , Kurdo Goran , Linden Riikka , Saarela Mika , Tienari Pentti J. , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Perdomo Maria , Laakso Sini M.
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for developing the disease. However, the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to MS remain to be determined. Here, we characterized the immune landscape of deep cervical lymph nodes (dcLNs) in newly diagnosed untreated patients with MS (pwMS) using fine-needle aspirations. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, we observed increased memory B cells and reduced germinal center B cells with decreased clonality in pwMS. Double-negative memory B cells were increased in pwMS that transcriptionally resembled B cells with a lytic EBV infection. Moreover, EBV-targeting memory CD8 T cells were detected in a subset of pwMS. We also detected increased EBV DNA in dcLNs and elevated viral loads in patient saliva. These findings suggest that EBV-driven B cell dysregulation is a critical mechanism in MS pathogenesis.
Supplemental Material: Glacial isostatic adjustment shifted early Holocene river hydrology in Maine, USA
Authors: Sanborn Lily H. , al. et
Published: February 2025

Additional detail on methods, Figures S1–S9, and Tables S1–S3, plus dataset.
Ultraviolet Cathodoluminescence of Ion-Induced Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Gogina O. A. , Petrov Yu. V. , Vyvenko O. F. , Kovalchuk S. , Bolotin K.
Published: February 2025

Hexagonal boron nitride is distinguished among solid-state materials with luminescent properties as a material to create single-photon sources efficiently emitting at room temperature. In this work, it is demonstrated that helium ion irradiation with fluences of (1–5) × 1014 ion/cm2 increases the ultraviolet radiation intensity with a maximum at a wavelength of 320 nm due to the formation of new luminescent centers. The subsequent electron irradiation further increases the intensity of 320 nm luminescence apparently due to the formation of carbon-containing defects in the volume of hBN through recombination-enhanced migration. On the contrary, the intense helium ion irradiation stimulates the formation of nonradiative recombination centers, which reduce the lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers.
Magnetic Control of the Kinetic Inductance in Elements of Superconducting Electronics
Authors: Neilo A. A. , Bakurskiy S. V. , Klenov N. V. , Soloviev I. I. , Kupriyanov M. Yu.
Published: February 2025

The longitudinal electron transport in a multilayer superconducting structure SF1S1F2sN, where S is a superconductor, F is a ferromagnet, s is a thin superconducting layer, and N is a normal metal, has been theoretically studied. Calculations have shown that the rotation of the magnetization of ferromagnetic layers relative to each other makes it possible to smoothly change the kinetic inductance of the structure by several times. A feature of the electronic state of the structure in the region of system parameters corresponding to its transition from a state with the 0 stable Josephson phase to a state with the π stable phase (0–π transition) has been discovered. This feature leads to the decrease in the singlet component of the pairing amplitude and to an increase in the kinetic inductance of the entire structure. The study of the effect of the finite longitudinal current on the charge transport has shown that the destruction of superconductivity in different layers occurs step-by-step, and the dependence of the kinetic inductance L
k on the total transport current J exhibits several plateaus with an almost constant inductance.
Metamorphic InAs/InGaAs Quantum Dot Heterostructures for Single-Photon Generation in the C-Band Spectral Range
Authors: Sorokin S. V. , Klimko G. V. , Sedova I. V. , Lakuntsova O. E. , Galimov A. I. , Serov Yu. M. , Veretennikov A. I. , Snigirev L. A. , Toropov A. A.
Published: February 2025

Heterostructures with InAs/InGaAs quantum dots and In
x
Ga1–x
As/GaAs(001) metamorphic buffer layers are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The structures are designed to obtain single-photon emission in the telecommunication C-band wavelength range. The possibility of reducing the thickness of the In
x
Ga1–x
As graded layer in order to form efficient microcavity structures with a cavity length as small as two wavelengths is examined. The structures with metamorphic buffer layers grown on top of an Al0.9Ga0.1As/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector are grown and characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy.