bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D implicit modeling applied to the evaluation of CO2 geological storage in the shales of the Irati Formation, Paraná Basin, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Saulo B. , Tassinari Colombo C. G. , Abraham‐A. Richardson M. , Torresi Ignacio
Published: August 2021

The Paris Agreement established global ambitious targets for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, requiring the rapid and extensive development of low carbon technologies, and one of the most efficient is CO2 geological storage. Among the deep geological formations used for CO2 storage, the shale layers have been a new emerging field with higher efficiency because they are abundant and have a high content of organic matter that is favorable for CO2 retention. However, one of the challenges in evaluating a location for potentials reservoirs is the adequate geological characterization and storage volume estimation. The study evaluates the Irati Formation of the Paraná Basin based on wireline logs information within Southeastern Brazil, where most stationary sources of carbon emissions are located. Three‐dimensional (3D) implicit modeling techniques were applied not only for volume calculation purpose, but also in the site selection stage, generating thematic 3D models indicating thickness, depth, structures, and distance to aquifer systems. The limestones, shales, and black shales of the Irati Formation were locally grouped into six units considering the geological composition and spatial continuity. Based on the 3D model and reservoir parameters, the organic‐rich shale Unit E with a theoretical capacity of 1.85 Gt is considerable for CO2 storage. The estimated CO2 storage capacity is promising because it is higher than the total CO2 locally produced, and it could support the implantation of new projects in this region. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and cognitive function in the elderly population in China: A 10‐year follow‐up study from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Zhang Qilin , Wu Yanli , Liu Erpeng
Published: August 2021

Objective

Sleep duration is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of cognitive function among elderly. However, longitudinal studies on the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in Chinese elderly are rare. We sought to investigate the longitudinal association between sleep duration and cognitive function in Chinese elderly during a 10‐year follow‐up.

Method

This longitudinal study analyzed 2148 elderly (the baseline including 43.16% aged 70%‐79%, 23.79% aged 80 and over) who had participated in four waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey during 2005–2014. Cognitive function (including global functioning and cognitive domains) was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Sleep duration was assessed via self‐reports. Mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration and cognitive function, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and risk factors for cognitive function.

Results

There is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between sleep duration and global cognition and cognitive domains, with the highest cognitive scores observed for sleep durations between 6 and 9 h and the curve shifting from smooth to steeper from 2005 to 2014. The regression model showed that long sleep duration (>9 h) is significantly associated with global cognition and four cognitive domains: orientation, attention and calculation, immediate recall and visual construction. Both long and short sleep durations are significantly associated with delayed recall and not significantly associated with category fluency, language or the ability to follow a three‐stage command. The five cognitive domains related to sleep duration are the domains that exhibited a rapid rate of decline.

Conclusions

Sleep duration can be identified as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, as long or short sleep duration is associated with the five cognitive domains that exhibit cognitive decline. These findings suggest the need for intervention measures to maintain healthy sleep durations among Chinese elderly people.
Exploration of radiative heat on magnetohydrodynamic rotating fluid flow through a vertical sheet
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Shaw Sachin , Mishra S. R. , Tinker Seema
Published: August 2021

An analysis is built up for the exploration of radiative heat transport on the magnetohydrodynamic flow of rotating fluid over a vertical sheet. The inclusion of thermal radiation in conjunction with the reacting species enhances the energy as well as the solutal profiles respectively. In an advance, external heat source and applied magnetic field effects are considered for further improvement. As the magnetic Reynolds number is low, the influence of the induced magnetic field is neglected. The transformation of governing nonlinear partial differential equations into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations is attained with a proper supposition of similarity variables. Moreover, the solution of these transformed equations is scheduled using the “Runge–Kutta fourth‐order” method numerically in association with the “shooting technique.” The simulation or various illustrating parameters affecting the flow phenomena are obtained and displayed through graphs and for numerical validation with earlier published work shows the convergence process of the methodology applied. The main findings of the study are; the Dufour number is favorable to enhance the fluid temperature throughout the domain and the destructive chemical reaction also encourages the solutal profile significantly.
Plasminogen Regulates Fracture Repair by Promoting the Functions of Periosteal Mesenchymal Progenitors
Authors: Wang Luqiang , Yao Lutian , Duan Hao , Yang Fan , Lin Maohuan , Zhang Rongxin , He Zhenqiang , Ahn Jaimo , Fan Yi , Qin Ling , Gong Yanqing
Published: August 2021

Defective or insufficient bone repair and regeneration are common in patients as a result of major trauma or severe disease. Cell therapy with periosteal mesenchymal progenitors, which can be limited in severe injury, serves as a promising approach; however, its efficacy is limited due to a repair-hostile ischemic tissue microenvironment after traumatic fracture. Here we report that plasminogen (Plg), a factor that is upregulated in these environments, is critical for fracture healing. Plg knockout mice had impaired trabecular and cortical bone structure and exhibited delayed and incomplete fracture healing. Interestingly, Plg deficiency greatly reduced the thickness of expanded periosteum, suggesting a role of Plg in periosteal mesenchymal progenitor-mediated bone repair. In culture, Plg increased cell proliferation and migration in periosteal mesenchymal progenitors and inhibited cell death under ischemic conditions. Mechanistically, we revealed that Plg cleaved and activated Cyr61 to regulate periosteal progenitor function. Thus, our study uncovers a cellular mechanism underlying fracture healing, by which Plg activates Cyr61 to promote periosteal progenitor proliferation, survival, and migration and improves bone repair after fracture. Targeting Plg may offer a rational and effective therapeutic opportunity for improving fracture healing. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Understanding processes that advance suicidal behavior among Israeli active duty soldiers: A mediation model
Authors: Goldner Limor , Shelef Leah , Goldstein Becky Amit , Scharf Miri
Published: August 2021

Objectives

The current study was aimed to identify the factors and mechanisms that promote nonsuicidal self‐injury and suicidal ideation (SI) as precursors of suicidal behaviors in a sample of 553 Israeli active‐duty soldiers.

Methods

A mediation model was used to examine the contribution of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, emotion‐regulation difficulties, habituation, and risk‐taking behaviors to soldiers' self‐injury and SI.

Results

Results indicated direct effects between PTSD symptoms and self‐injury and SI, as well as between emotion regulation difficulties and self‐injury. Indirect effects were found between PTSD symptoms and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) through the mechanisms of habituation and risk‐taking behavior and between difficulties in emotion regulation and NSSI through the mechanism of risk‐taking behaviors.

Conclusion

To tackle soldiers' suicidal behaviors, clinicians might assess soldiers' PTSD symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation and intervene by lessening their access to thrill‐seeking situations and situations that increase habituation to pain and death.
Historically underrepresented college students and institutional natural mentors: An ecological analysis of the development of these relationships at predominantly White institutions
Authors: Monjaras‐Gaytan Lidia Y. , Sánchez Bernadette , Salusky Ida , Schwartz Sarah E. O.
Published: August 2021

Despite studies examining outcomes associated with having a natural mentoring relationship with an institutional agent in a higher education setting, few studies have investigated the formation of these relationships among historically underrepresented college students. Institutional agents refer to any instructor, staff, or administrator on the college campus. This cross‐sectional study used an ecological approach to explore the factors associated with natural mentoring relationships between historically underrepresented college students and institutional agents. Participants were 521 college students (75% female, Mage = 20.27) across two predominantly White institutions. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that older age, more positive help‐seeking attitudes toward adults, stronger instructor relationships, having an off‐campus mentor, and a higher sense of belonging on campus were associated with having an institutional natural mentor. Findings from this study contribute to the growing area of research on mentoring relationships of historically underrepresented college students. Implications are discussed.
Retracted: Public opinion as a means of managing social processes
Authors: Bubnov Vladimir V. , Gulyaev Vitaly V. , Krasnyanskiy Dmitry E. , Maurina Tatiana S.
Published: August 2021

The relevance of the study is expressed by the improvement and development of tools for managing social processes and public procedures. There are a large number of concepts and theories that explain certain aspects of public opinion: exposure to influence, an impact on people's actions, and its contradictory nature. The main forming factors of individual behavior are the stereotypes and values that are developed within society. In moments of social instability, the problem of governance and expression of public opinion progresses. The purpose of the study is to consider public opinion similarly and to search for patterns of its functioning. At present, there is a lack of an expressly unified model that allows characterizing all the laws of existence and its phenomena. Public opinion is understudied, despite the large volumes of theoretical research. This is explained by the predominance of psychological and sociological scientific concepts in the analysis of public opinion. This study is based on specific methods of conducting various sociological monitoring and developments in the field of methodology. Modern humanitarian knowledge misses certain problems related to the role of public opinion in the context of social processes. The practical significance of this study lies in the investigation and distribution of approaches to the study of public opinion as a means of managing social processes.
Whole Brain Adiabatic T1rho and Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field Imaging in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Initial Findings
Authors: Jambor Ivan , Steiner Aida , Pesola Marko , Liimatainen Timo , Sucksdorff Marcus , Rissanen Eero , Airas Laura , Aronen Hannu J. , Merisaari Harri
Published: August 2021

Background

Parametric maps of adiabatic T1ρADIAB (A) TRAFF2 (B) of a 37‐year‐old female are shown (contrast adapted for visualization, same scaling as Fig. 2) as well as the white matter (C) and gray matter (D) masks overlaid over T1‐weighted images BY Jambor et al. (864–877)

image
Application of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Lesions
Authors: Cheng Jingfeng , Shao Shuo , Chen Weibo , Zheng Ning
Published: August 2021

Background

Preoperative differentiation of head and neck lesions is important for treatment plan selection.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant head and neck lesions and subgroups, including lymphoma subgroup (LS), Warthin's tumor subgroup (WS), malignant tumor subgroup (excluding lymphoma) (MTS), and benign tumor subgroup (excluding Warthin's tumor) (BTS).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Seventy‐four patients with 79 head and neck lesions (44 benign, 35 malignant), divided into four subgroups: LS (14), WS (12), MTS (21), and BTS (32).

Field Strength/Sequences

A 3.0 T, single‐shot echo‐planar sequence with 5 b‐values for DKI and enhanced T1 high‐resolution isotropic volume excitation (eTHRIVE) sequence for DCE‐MRI.

Assessment

The mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) derived from DKI and the time‐signal intensity curve (TIC), peak time (Tpeak), and washout ratio (WR) based on DCE‐MRI were measured. The diagnostic efficiencies of DKI and DCE‐MRI, alone and in combination, were calculated and compared. The parameters mentioned above were compared between the four subgroups.

Statistical Test

Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Delong test, one‐way analysis of variance test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The combination of TIC and parameters of DKI and DCE‐MRI for differentiating benign and malignant lesions with 94.94% accuracy is superior to DKI or DCE‐MRI alone with approximately 75% accuracy. MD, MK, Tpeak, and WR showed significant differences among the four subgroups. The accuracy of MD and MK was 91.14% and 92.41% for differentiating BTS from the other three subgroups. WR achieved 100% accuracy for discriminating WS from LS or MTS. MD and MK both differentiated LS from MTS with 97.14% accuracy.

Data Conclusion

A combination of DKI and DCE‐MRI can effectively differentiate head and neck lesions with good accuracy.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir or ravidasvir in patients with COVID‐19: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abbass Sherif , Kamal Ehab , Salama Mohsen , Salman Tary , Sabry Alyaa , Abdel‐Razek Wael , Helmy Sherine , Abdelgwad Ahmed , Sakr Neamt , Elgazzar Mohamed , Einar Mohamed , Farouk Mahmoud , Saif Mounir , Shehab Ismail , El‐hosieny Eman , Mansour Mai , Mahdi Doaa , Tharwa El‐Sayed , Salah Mostafa , Elrouby Ola , Waked Imam
Published: August 2021

Only a few treatments are approved for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) infections, with continuous debate about their clinical impact. Repurposing antiviral treatments might prove the fastest way to identify effective therapy. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (SOF) plus daclatasvir (DCV) or ravidasvir (RDV) added to standard care (SOC) for patients with moderate and severe COVID‐19 infection. Multicentre parallel randomized controlled open‐label trial. One hundred and twenty eligible patients with moderate and severe COVID‐19 infection were randomized to one of the study arms. Ten days of treatment with SOF plus DCV or RDV in addition to the standard of care compared to SOC. Follow up in 7 days. Sum of the counted symptoms at 7 and 10 days, mean change in oxygen saturation level, viral negativity, and rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Compared to SOC, the SOF‐DCV group experienced a significantly lower sum of the counted symptoms (fever, headache, generalized aches, or respiratory distress) combined with no evidence of deterioration (ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) on Days 7 and 10 of treatment. Oxygen saturation also significantly improved among the SOF‐DCV group compared to SOC starting from Day 4. The study also showed positive trends regarding the efficacy of SOF‐DCV with a lower incidence of mortality. On the other hand, adding SOF‐RDV to SOC did not show significant improvements in endpoints. The results support the efficacy and safety of SOF‐DCV as an add‐on to SOC for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID‐19 infections.
~5.9 cal ka bp Towada‐Chuseri tephra from Towada volcano: a mid‐Holocene marker layer from Japan to northeast China
Authors: Sun Chunqing , Plunkett Gill , Zhu Zeyang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Bin , Zhang Di , Mao Qian , You Haitao , Wang Luo , Chu Guoqiang , Liu Jiaqi
Published: August 2021

Far‐travelled ash layers from explosive volcanic eruptions can provide invaluable marker horizons for dating and correlating regional to global sedimentary archives. Here, we present a new cryptotephra associated with the ~5.9 cal ka bp Towada‐Chuseri eruption (To‐Cu) in a peat sediment record from northeast China. This tephra exhibits a rhyolitic glass composition that can be distinguished from other widespread tephra layers around the region of Japan and northeast China. Our findings extend the known range of this ash significantly, making it now traceable about 1200 km from its source, Towada volcano, Japan. Notably, this tephra provides an important isochron for synchronising palaeoenvironmental studies during the mid‐Holocene period from the western Pacific, central Japan, Japan Sea and northeast China.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and natural plant extracts against Listeria monocytogenes in a dry‐cured ham‐based model
Authors: dos Santos Luciana R , Alía Alberto , Martin Irene , Gottardo Franciele M , Rodrigues Laura B , Borges Karen A , Furian Thales Q , Córdoba Juan J
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread common contaminant in food production facilities during preparation, storage, and distribution, and minimally processed ready‐to‐eat products are considered at high risk of contamination by this bacterium. Increased antibiotic resistance has led researchers to search for plant‐based natural alternatives to control pathogenic microorganisms. Among these products, essential oils and plant extracts have previously shown antimicrobial activity and are possible alternatives to manage food pathogens. In this study, commercial essential oils (cinnamon, clove, oregano, ginger, and thyme) and plant extracts (pomegranate, acorn, olive, strawberry tree, and dog rose) were tested against L. monocytogenes in a dry‐cured ham‐based model.

RESULTS

Essential oils and plant extracts were screened by agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration for anti‐L. monocytogenes activity. Cinnamon, pomegranate, and strawberry trees returned the strongest results and were therefore evaluated in a dry‐cured ham‐based medium assay with water activity of 0.93 or 0.95. The 10% essential oil of cinnamon was capable of completely inhibiting bacterial growth, while strawberry tree and pomegranate extract also showed antilisterial activity (P > 0.05). Water activity influenced the bacterial count of L. monocytogenes in a dry‐cured ham‐based medium.

CONCLUSIONS

There was a reduction in L. monocytogenes with the application of cinnamon essential oil but, because of the negative sensory impact of this particular compound in meat products, we suggest the use of pomegranate or strawberry tree for the biocontrol of Listeria in ready‐to‐eat products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Attrition during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with decreased survival: A United States Safety‐Net Collaborative analysis
Authors: Kronenfeld Joshua P. , Collier Amber L. , Turgeon Michael K. , Ju Michelle , Alterio Rodrigo , Wang Annie , Fernandez Manuel , Porembka Matthew R. , Richter Harry , Lee Ann Y. , Russell Maria C. , Merchant Nipun B. , Maker Ajay V. , Datta Jashodeep
Published: August 2021

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is standard management for localized gastric cancer (GC). Attrition during NAC due to treatment‐related toxicity or functional decline is considered a surrogate for worse biologic outcomes; however, data supporting this paradigm are lacking. We investigated factors predicting attrition and its association with overall survival (OS) in GC.

Methods

Patients with nonmetastatic GC initiating NAC were identified from the US Safety‐Net Collaborative (2012–2014). Patient/treatment‐related characteristics were compared between attrition/nonattrition cohorts. Cox models determined factors associated with OS.

Results

Of 116 patients initiating NAC, attrition during prescribed NAC occurred in 24%. No differences were observed in performance status, comorbidities, treatment at safety‐net hospital, or clinicopathologic factors between cohorts. Despite absence of distinguishing factors, attrition was associated with worse OS (median: 11 vs. 37 months; p = 0.01) and was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–15.2; p = 0.02). Fewer patients with attrition underwent curative‐intent surgery (39% vs. 89%; p < 0.001). Even in patients undergoing surgical exploration (n = 89), NAC attrition remained an independent predictor of worse OS (HR: 50.8, 95% CI: 3.6–717.8; p = 0.004) despite similar receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Attrition during NAC for nonmetastatic GC is independently associated with worse OS, even in patients undergoing surgery. Attrition during NAC may reflect unfavorable tumor biology not captured by conventional staging metrics.
Variability in electrodiagnostic findings associated with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Mul Karlien , Pesser Niels , Vervaart Kimberly , Teijink Joep , van Nuenen Bart , van Alfen Nens
Published: August 2021

Introduction/Aims

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is a heterogeneous and often disputed entity. An electrodiagnostic pattern of T1 > C8 axon involvement is considered characteristic for the diagnosis of NTOS. However, since the advent of high‐resolution nerve ultrasound (US) imaging, we have encountered several patients with a proven entrapment of the lower brachial plexus who showed a different, variable electrodiagnostic pattern.

Methods

In this retrospective case series, 14 patients with an NTOS diagnosis with a verified source of compression of the lower brachial plexus and abnormal findings on their electrodiagnostic testing were included. Their medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical, imaging, and electrodiagnostic data.

Results

Seven patients showed results consistent with the “classic” T1 axon  > C8 pattern of involvement. Less typical findings included equally severe involvement of T1 and C8 axons, more severe C8 involvement, pure motor abnormalities, neurogenic changes on needle electromyography in the flexor carpi radialis and biceps brachii muscles, and one patient with an abnormal sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude for the median sensory response recorded from the third digit. Patients with atypical findings on electrodiagnostic testing underwent nerve imaging more often compared to patients with classic findings (seven of seven patients vs. five of seven respectively), especially nerve ultrasound.

Discussion

When there is a clinical suspicion of NTOS, an electrodiagnostic finding other than the classic T1 > C8 pattern of involvement does not rule out the diagnosis. High resolution nerve imaging is valuable to diagnose additional patients with this treatable condition.
Work‐life balance of expatriate nurses working in acute care settings
Authors: Alreshidi Nashi M. , Alsharari Abdalkarem F.
Published: August 2021

Aim

To examine the quality of work life of acute care expatriate nurses in multiple regions of Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A country‐wide cross‐sectional survey was carried out between June–August 2020 using the Brooks' quality of nursing work‐life questionnaire.

Results

The range of quality of nursing work‐life scores (80 to 245) was moderate, with an overall mean score of 175.3 (± 23.1). Only 723 (42.4%) of the nurses experienced a high quality of nursing work life. Multivariable regression analysis showed that 21 to 40 years' age group, being a Filipino or Indian nurse and working in the northern region were the independent predictors of low quality work life.

Conclusion

Most expatriate nurses were not satisfied with their quality of work life. Hospital administrators should take initiatives to enhance the quality of expatriate nurses' work life towards improving their productivity and quality of patient care.
pH‐receptive chlorhexidine‐loaded poly‐L‐glycolic acid platform delivery approach to stabilize adhesive‐orthodontic interface
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , A Alnazeh Abdullah , Hameed Mohammad Shahul , Yassin Syed M. , Mannakandath Master Luqman , Alshahrani Ibrahim
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize chlorhexidine (CHX)‐loaded poly‐L‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles and to investigate the in vitro drug release in different pH conditions, antibacterial, cytotoxicity activity, and mechanical properties of CHX‐loaded PLGA‐modified Transbond XT adhesive at tooth‐bracket interface. PLGA nanoparticles with and without CHX were synthesized using emulsion diffusion method and characterized for morphology and chemical structure using transmission electron microscopy and Raman analysis. CHX‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive were prepared using two different concentrations of the nanoparticles (2.5 and 5 wt%) and characterized for degree of conversion (DC) using DC, antimicrobial MTT assay, and cytotoxicity testing. Bonded specimens were tested for shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) at the tooth‐bracket interface. The synthesized PLGA nanoparticles averaged between 60 and 80 nm in size. After loading CHX inside PLGA nanoparticles, the morphology of the PLGA nanoparticles was changed considerably into irregular shaped structures. Bracket samples treated with 5 wt% CHX‐loaded PLGA‐modified adhesive demonstrated the least mean DC scores. A 5 wt% CHX‐loaded PLGA‐modified adhesive specimens showed more profound antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The least mean SBS values were exhibited by 5 wt% CHX‐loaded PLGA‐modified adhesive samples, while a statistically significant difference was observed in the mean ARI values among all study groups at all‐time points (p = 0.018). A pH‐sensitive CHX release response was observed when loaded in PLGA nanoparticles. The formulated drug‐loaded nanocarrier exhibited remarkable physicochemical, spectral, and biological features.
Barrier, rheological, and antimicrobial properties of sustainable nanocomposites based on gellan gum/polyacrylamide/zinc oxide
Authors: Balasubramanian Rukmanikrishnan , Srinivasan Ramalingam , Lee Jaewoong
Published: August 2021

In this study, we used a solution casting method to prepare gellan gum (G)‐based ternary nanocomposite films containing polyacrylamide (P) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. All composites were prepared using the chemical cross‐linker N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide. The nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR revealed strong hydrogen bonding interactions among gellan gum, polyacrylamide, and ZnO, which enhanced the physiochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the GPZnO nanocomposites. The addition of ZnO nanoparticles increased the glass transition temperature (Tg: 181.8–196.3°C), thermal stability (T5%: 87.8–96.5°C), and char yield (23.9–29.1%) of the GP composite films, as well as their the tensile strength (from 33.5 to 43.8 MPa) and ultraviolet (UV) blocking properties (~99.2% protection against UVB [280–320 nm]). ZnO significantly influenced the rheological properties of the GP composite. The prepared GP and GPZnO nanocomposites exhibited shear thinning behavior and their viscosities decreased when there is an increase in shear rate. Storage and loss modulus increased with frequency with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. The GPZnO films exhibited reduced hydrophilicity, moisture content, and water barrier properties compared with the GP film. The GPZnO nanocomposites exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against six different pathogens. The prepared GPZnO films could be useful in biodegradable packaging applications.
Localized tracheobronchial amyloidosis: A rare case presentation and tailored management approaches
Authors: Arulanantham Jonathan , Officer Charlotte , O'Connor Chelsie , Baillie Tina , Bass Simon , Williamson Jonathan P. , Carew Alan
Published: August 2021

Localized tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare manifestation of pulmonary amyloid disease, and can result in central airway obstruction. The nature of presentation is variable and there may be a delayed diagnosis. TBA has a variable prognosis and the most commonly used strategy for management is airway recanalization. Here, we describe the tailored management approach for a 64‐year‐old Caucasian female presenting with localized TBA of the left main bronchus. Pulmonary function testing, computed tomography and positron emission tomography results are detailed. Rigid bronchoscopy was utilized for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, which involved debulking and stent insertion. Amyloid deposition and localized inflammation were identified through histopathology. Focal external beam radiation therapy was administered following multidisciplinary discussion and review of the literature, with no evidence of active disease at 6 months follow‐up.
Systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease in a Vietnamese adult female: Case report and literature review
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh , Nguyen Thi Y Nhi , Le Trong Khoan , Nguyen Thanh Thao , Le Trong Binh
Published: August 2021

Systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) is a rare disease in the Asian population and might be overlooked in clinical practice. Early diagnosis is crucial to initiate treatment and to prevent disease progression. Chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the modality of choice for diagnosing and assessing this disorder. SSc‐ILD should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of ILD. Familiarity with HRCT findings and thorough clinical examination are crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
The Effects of P‐glycoprotein Modulators on the Transition of Levofloxacin to Rat Brain, Testicle, and Plasma: In Vivo and In Silico Studies
Authors: Cetin Gul , Tras Bunyamin , Uney Kamil
Published: August 2021

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), a transporter membrane protein, plays an important role in various physiological and physiopathological conditions, drug‐drug and drug‐food interactions, and multi‐drug resistance. Nowadays, P‐gp modulators are used consciously to treat some specific diseases, such as cancer and poisoning. Levofloxacin (LVX), a P‐gp substrate, may cause the stimulation of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fexofenadine (FEX) and dexamethasone (DEX) with P‐gp modulators on the distribution of LVX in rat brain, testicle, and plasma. In the in vivo section of the study, LVX concentrations in tissue and plasma samples were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography. In addition, in silico molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate interactions between P‐gp and drugs. The administration of DEX at a low dose and minute 30 reduced the LVX passage to the brain, while the administration of DEX at a high dose and hour 2 increased the LVX passage to the brain, testicle tissue, and plasma. MM‐GBSA ΔG values of FEX, DEX, and LVX were calculated to be−80.95,−57.74, and−52.12 kcal/mol, respectively. The results of this study reported that DEX, known as a P‐gp inductor, may show inhibitory activity based on dose, tissue, and time of application.
A Dual Spectroscopic Probe Based on Benzothiazole for Detection of Hydrazine
Authors: Zhang Shiqing , Li Lingling , Zhu Jinbiao , Mu Xinyue , Yan Liqiang , Wu Xiongzhi
Published: August 2021

Hydrazine is widely used in fuels, fuel cell reactors and the synthesis of polymer, drug and pesticide intermediates. However, it can be contained in food and drinking water and enter organisms through the food chains because of its good water solubility, causing serious health problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new analytical reagents to detect hydrazine with high selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, a spectroscopic probe (probe 1) for hydrazine hydrate based on the addition‐cyclization mechanism with high selectivity and sensitivity was developed. This probe can simultaneously detect hydrazine by UV‐visible and fluorescence spectra, and the corresponding detection limits are 51.7 μM and 6.7 nM, respectively. Importantly, the spectroscopic probe was successfully applied to hydrazine detection in water samples and living cells. The test strips based on the probe was also prepared for the point‐of‐care testing of hydrazine in the actual water samples.
Synergistic Catalysis by Single‐Atom Catalysts and Redox Mediator to Improve Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Performance
Authors: Li Danying , Xu Kangli , Zhu Maogen , Xu Tao , Fan Zhechen , Zhu Linqin , Zhu Yongchun
Published: August 2021

Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries with ultrahigh theoretical energy density have attracted widespread attention while there are still problems with high overpotential and poor cycle stability. Rational design and application of efficient catalysts to improve the performance of Li–O2 batteries is of significant importance. In this work, Co single atoms catalysts are successfully combined with redox mediator (lithium bromide [LiBr]) to synergistically catalyze electrochemical reactions in Li–O2 batteries. Single‐atom cobalt anchored in porous N‐doped hollow carbon spheres (CoSAs‐NHCS) with high specific surface area and high catalytic activity are utilized as cathode material. However, the potential performances of batteries are difficult to adequately achieve with only CoSAs‐NHCS, owing to the blocked electrochemical active sites covered by insulating solid‐state discharge product Li2O2. Combined with LiBr as redox mediator, the enhanced OER catalytic effect extends throughout all formed Li2O2 during discharge. Meantime, the certain adsorption effect of CoSAs‐NHCS on Br2 and Br3− can reduce the shuttle of RMox. The synergistic effect of Co single atoms and LiBr can not only promote more Li2O2 decomposition but also reduce the shuttle effect by absorbing the oxidized redox mediator. Li–O2 batteries with Co single atoms and LiBr achieve ultralow overpotential of 0.69 V and longtime stable cyclability.
Multifunctional Reductive Molecular Modulator toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Mengjia , Gao Deyu , Zhang Boxue , Xu Sai , Zhuang Xinmeng , Wang Chen , Yang Liqun , Ma Xiaohui , Zheng Shijian , Song Hongwei , Chen Jiangzhao , Chen Cong
Published: August 2021

The defects (e.g., I2, anion, and cation vacancies) in the perovskite films are detrimental to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a multifunctional additive molecule 4‐fluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride (denoted as 4F‐PHCl) is reported, which can improve perovskite crystallization, passivate film defects, and enhance film moisture stability, finally leading to the simultaneous increase in PCE and stability. It is revealed that the hydrazine functional group can effectively reduce the I2 defects back to I‐. In addition, the hydrazinium contained cations and chloride anions can passivate the cationic defects (like anion vacancies) and anionic defects (like cation vacancies), respectively. The hydrophobic fluorinated benzene ring should be mainly responsible for the enhanced moisture stability of films and devices. As a result, the 4F‐PHCl‐modified device achieves a promising efficiency of 21.80% along with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1172 mV and exhibits excellent long‐term ambient stability. A guide for developing multifunctional additive molecules for the simultaneous enhancement of efficiency and stability is provided.
Science education for and as resiliency through indoor agriculture
Authors: Stapleton Sarah Riggs , Meier Briana K.
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted the need to adapt to and rebound from unexpected change and uncertainty. The increasing climate chaos of the Anthropocene additionally underscores the necessity of resilient societies and individuals. Individuals able to problem‐solve in emergent situations are integral to a resilient society, and science education can develop these competencies both individually and collectively. We use the concept of resiliency to argue for science education that enables learners to adapt and respond in the face of disruption, unrest, and disaster. We focus specifically on the ways in which learning how to grow plants indoors can develop resilience on multiple levels while authentically facilitating science and engineering principles. This study seeks to explore how indoor agriculture might support science education for resiliency. We examine a higher‐education project, the “Grow Pod,” involving shipping container agriculture with first‐year undergraduates. We argue that inclusion of indoor agriculture within science education has the potential to support both learning for and as resiliency. In our analysis, we note how the Grow Pod project supports a science education for resiliency through collective learning that helps learners understand plant basics and how to grow food, and a science education as resiliency which includes learning through and rebounding from challenges/mistakes, learning resourcefulness, and experiencing restorative benefits of working with plants.
Reservoir Computing for Scalable Hardware with Block‐Based Neural Network
Authors: Lee Kundo , Hamagami Tomoki
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a reservoir computing technique using Asynchronous Block‐Based Neural Networks (ABBNN). Echo State Networks and Liquid State Machines introduced a new paradigm in artificial neural networks (ANN), known as Reservoir Computing (RC). A recurrent neural network (RNN) in Reservoir Computing is generated randomly, and only a readout is trained. The reservoir computing greatly facilitated the practical RNN application and outperformed classical RNN in many tasks. ABBNN is an extended version of the classical block‐based neural network model. ABBNN, an evolvable neural network model, provides a model‐free estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems. To propose a hardware‐aware model of reservoir computing and high‐speed training, we introduce Block‐Based Reservoir Computing (BBRC). BBRC provides a flexible architecture. The architecture based on the basic blocks provides a regularity that supports scalable hardware. In contrast, BBRC also supports randomness based on the internal configuration. Both are significant features in achieving an optimal hardware reservoir computer. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Motivation‐based segmentation of game meat consumers: A look at the beliefs of food consumers during the COVID‐19 crisis in China
Authors: Xie Xiaoru , Cai Xiaomei , Zhu Hong , Li Jun (Justin)
Published: August 2021

Objectives

This research aims to explore the factors motivate consumers to eat game meat during a multi‐state disease outbreak.

Methods

It proposes a segmentation of consumers based on their attitudes toward and reveals the consumers' food beliefs that motivate their actions. Three segments of game meat consumers were identified: identity seekers, health seekers, and taste seekers.

Results

A survey of the potential impact that the COVID‐19 crisis has on these three clusters' future food choices showed that the identity and health seekers are more open to a change in food choices. However, the taste seekers are less likely to be influenced by external factors.

Conclusions

This research indicates that for the policymakers, the key is to take game meat consumers as an effective intervention entry point. It is crucial to facilitate healthy food choices and to promote socially‐ and culturally‐appropriate food beliefs by improving public awareness of the risks of game meat, and invest in organic food.

Research Implications

This research provides new insights into the food beliefs of game meat consumers via motivation‐based segmentation.
Review on model predictive control: an engineering perspective
Authors: Schwenzer Max , Ay Muzaffer , Bergs Thomas , Abel Dirk
Published: August 2021

Model-based predictive control (MPC) describes a set of advanced control methods, which make use of a process model to predict the future behavior of the controlled system. By solving a—potentially constrained—optimization problem, MPC determines the control law implicitly. This shifts the effort for the design of a controller towards modeling of the to-be-controlled process. Since such models are available in many fields of engineering, the initial hurdle for applying control is deceased with MPC. Its implicit formulation maintains the physical understanding of the system parameters facilitating the tuning of the controller. Model-based predictive control (MPC) can even control systems, which cannot be controlled by conventional feedback controllers. With most of the theory laid out, it is time for a concise summary of it and an application-driven survey. This review article should serve as such. While in the beginnings of MPC, several widely noticed review paper have been published, a comprehensive overview on the latest developments, and on applications, is missing today. This article reviews the current state of the art including theory, historic evolution, and practical considerations to create intuitive understanding. We lay special attention on applications in order to demonstrate what is already possible today. Furthermore, we provide detailed discussion on implantation details in general and strategies to cope with the computational burden—still a major factor in the design of MPC. Besides key methods in the development of MPC, this review points to the future trends emphasizing why they are the next logical steps in MPC.
Complement activation in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Medjeral-Thomas Nicholas R. , Cook H. Terence , Pickering Matthew C.
Published: August 2021

IgA nephropathy pathogenesis is incompletely understood, and this limits the development of disease-specific biomarkers and effective therapies. Evidence of complement activity in IgA nephropathy is well established. However, a growing body of research indicates complement activity is an important contributor to IgA nephropathy pathology. In particular, multiple associations have been identified between complement alternative, lectin and terminal pathway proteins and IgA nephropathy severity. Recently, we have also gained insight into possible mechanisms that could link glomerular IgA deposition, complement activity, glomerular inflammation and disease severity. Ongoing clinical trials of therapeutic complement inhibitors will provide insight into the importance of complement activity to IgA nephropathy pathogenesis. Further research into mechanisms of complement activity is essential to improving our understanding and management of patients with IgA nephropathy.
Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Ikeda Tsunehiko , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Kida Teruyo , Oku Hidehiro
Published: August 2021

The pathogenesis of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been considered to involve autoimmunity. Serum and synovial fluid levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies increase early after the onset of RA, thus inducing immune responses and subsequent hydrarthrosis and angiogenesis, which resemble diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. We previously reported that DR is also associated with increased serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies. Retinal hypoxia in DR may induce pericytes to express type II collagen, resulting in autoantibody production against type II collagen. As the result of blood-retinal barrier disruption, anti-type II collagen antibodies in the serum come into contact with type II collagen around the retinal vessels. A continued loss of pericytes and type II collagen around the retinal vessels may result in a shift of the immune reaction site from the retina to the vitreous. It has been reported that anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages increased in the vitreous of PDR patients, accompanied by the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator of innate immunity. M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and fibrosis, which might be exacerbated and prolonged by dysregulated innate immunity.
Overall Survival Prediction in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Using Computed Tomography Radiomic and Clinical Information
Authors: Khodabakhshi Zahra , Amini Mehdi , Mostafaei Shayan , Haddadi Avval Atlas , Nazari Mostafa , Oveisi Mehrdad , Shiri Isaac , Zaidi Habib
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work is to investigate the applicability of radiomic features alone and in combination with clinical information for the prediction of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients’ overall survival after partial or radical nephrectomy. Clinical studies of 210 RCC patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) who underwent either partial or radical nephrectomy were included in this study. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually defined on CT images. A total of 225 radiomic features were extracted and analyzed along with the 59 clinical features. An elastic net penalized Cox regression was used for feature selection. Accelerated failure time (AFT) with the shared frailty model was used to determine the effects of the selected features on the overall survival time. Eleven radiomic and twelve clinical features were selected based on their non-zero coefficients. Tumor grade, tumor malignancy, and pathology t-stage were the most significant predictors of overall survival (OS) among the clinical features (p < 0.002, < 0.02, and < 0.018, respectively). The most significant predictors of OS among the selected radiomic features were flatness, area density, and median (p < 0.02, < 0.02, and < 0.05, respectively). Along with important clinical features, such as tumor heterogeneity and tumor grade, imaging biomarkers such as tumor flatness, area density, and median are significantly correlated with OS of RCC patients.