bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access to Highly Purified Chondroitin Sulfate for Appropriate Treatment of Osteoarthritis: A Review
Authors: Chevalier Xavier , Conrozier Thierry
Published: December 2017

Current pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis are symptom-focused and aimed at controlling pain. However, currently approved symptom-modifying agents do not restore the structure and function of damaged joints. Symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis (SySADOAs), including the sulfated glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, have shown promising beneficial effects on the pain and other symptoms of osteoarthritis, and some may also have a positive effect on cartilage, slowing the progression of joint deterioration in osteoarthritis. A highly-purified, standardized, pharmaceutical-grade preparation of chondroitin sulfate has shown activity in osteoarthritis and has become one of the most prescribed SySADOAs. However, in many countries, formulations of chondroitin sulfate of various sources and purity are available as food supplements or nutraceuticals. As the effects of chondroitin sulfate could vary according to the characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate employed, including source, purity, or structural organization, clinical data from well-designed studies of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate should not be extrapolated to support clinical efficacy claims of food supplements; nor should results from trials of chondroitin sulfate-containing food supplements be used to draw conclusions about the efficacy of pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate. This article reviews the evidence for the role of highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis and examines the efficacy and safety concerns of other formulations of chondroitin sulfate. Highly-purified pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate has mild-to-moderate efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis, with clinically meaningful efficacy.
TIC en la enseñanza del inglés en 10 institutos educativos bilingües de Tegucigalpa, Honduras en el 2016
Authors: Matute Geral Ivar , Gamez Rosa Palacio
Published: December 2017

Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación tienen una gran influencia en la educación como también en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Debido a la importancia de las TIC, fue oportuno analizar el uso de estas herramientas tecnológicas en 10 instituciones bilingües de Tegucigalpa. Tomando en cuenta el conocimiento de los docentes sobre estas tecnologías, las capacidades instaladas en las instituciones en lo que a equipo tecnológico se refiere y el impacto que provocan las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés. Alcanzados estos objetivos, se obtuvo que el 74.3% de los docentes tienen un nivel entre excelente y bueno en el dominio de herramientas tecnológicas. Asimismo, se mostró que el 94.3% de los centros de educación bilingüe de Tegucigalpa cuentan con los dispositivos tecnológicos necesarios para ensenar la lengua inglesa. De acuerdo a la percepción de docentes y estudiantes, el uso de las TIC juega un papel fundamental en la enseñanza del inglés ya que la realización de actividades lúdicas y la variedad de información que las herramientas tecnológicas ofrecen captan la atención y despierta el interés de los estudiantes. Este diagnóstico permitió proponer algunos lineamientos básicos que se deberían aplicar en la Carrera de Lenguas Extranjeras, UNAH con el fin de preparar a los futuros egresados tomando en cuenta las demandas de las instituciones de educación bilingüe.Revista Portal de la Ciencia, No. 12, junio 2017; 141-152
Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry Systems on hospital staff pharmacist workflow productivity: A three site comparative analysis based on level of CPOE implementation
Authors: Lewing Benjamin D. , Hatfield Mark D. , Sansgiry Sujit S.
Published: December 2017

Objective: Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) is a system that enables physicians to send medication orders electronically rather than physically writing out the order. CPOE can reduce handwriting and transcription related medication errors and has been a major implementation goal for health systems. The objective of this study was to quantify and examine differences seen in the workflow of pharmacists at hospitals, with different levels of CPOE implementation.Methods: An observational, prospective time and motion study was conducted among three hospitals within the same health system: one classified as a non-CPOE system, one as short-term CPOE, and one as long-term CPOE. Pharmacists were observed in one-hour blocks, in which a data instrument was used to record 38 different tasks, which were grouped into four activities: clinical, distributive, administrative, and miscellaneous. The distributive category was further divided into three sub-categories. The average time associated with performing activities across the three hospitals was compared by descriptive and comparative analyses using ANOVAs and the post-hoc Tukey’s range test.Results: A total of 252 hours were collected and 235 met the inclusion criteria. The significant differences in time spent on task categories among hospitals were as follows: Non-CPOE vs. short term CPOE vs. long-term CPOE (mean ± SD in min/h) clinical tasks: (6.55 ± 6.40) vs. (4.95 ± 4.15) vs. (3.79 ± 4.91), respectively, (p < .05); order entry tasks: (29.62 ± 11.24) vs. (17.44 ± 10.73) vs. (10.27 ± 8.88) respectively, (p < .05); order verification tasks: (0.88 ± 1.77) vs. (13.93 ± 8.50) vs. (16.60 ± 9.63) respectively, (p < .05); other distributive tasks: (13.60 ± 10.04) vs. (15.86 ± 8.38) vs. (19.66 ± 8.42) respectively, (p < .05); and miscellaneous: (3.78 ± 4.64) vs. (1.54 ± 3.20) vs. (2.23 ± 3.51) respectively, (p < .05).Conclusions: The presence of a CPOE system could affect pharmacists’ workflow and time allotment on different types of pharmacy activities. Further, the time spent on certain activities was associated with the amount of time the CPOE system was implemented.
Toward Better Goal Clarity in Instruction: How Focus On Content, Social Exchange and Active Learning Supports Teachers in Improving Dialogic Teaching Practices
Authors: Alles Martina , Seidel Tina , Gröschner Alexander
Published: December 2017

Goal clarity is an essential element of classroom dialogue and a component of effective instruction. Until now, teachers have been struggling to implement goal clarity in the classroom dialogue. In the present study, we investigated the classroom practice of teachers in a video-based intervention called the Dialogic Video Cycle (DVC) and compared it to the classroom practice of teachers in a traditional control group. We conducted video analysis (N = 20 lessons) of teaching practices at the beginning (pre-test) and at the end of the school year (post-test). Furthermore, we performed video analysis of intervention group teacher discussions during DVC meetings (N = 6 meetings). Comparative analysis between groups revealed changes in teaching practices towards better goal clarity for DVC teachers in comparison to the traditional control group. In-depth analysis of teacher discussions during DVC meetings showed that teachers continuously focused on goal clarity as the content of teacher professional development (TPD). They shared learning experiences and were actively involved in TPD learning activities. The study illustrates how components of effective TPD programs (content focus, social and active learning) translated into redefining and changing the teaching practice.
Consumer Background and Decision Making Styles of Malaysian College Students
Authors: Azizah Haron Sharifah , Chinedu Anyanwu Hilary
Published: December 2017

This study tested a section of consumer styles inventory (CSI) among Malaysian college students. Using stratified and simple random sampling, 2068 samples were collected from five higher learning institutions in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study extracted seven factors through exploratory factor analysis from the original CSI scale which was found reliable and useful to consumer markets. Gender, age, ethnicity, family size, household income and place where a student was raised were found to have significant influence on the CSI factors. The findings will be a guide for markets facing competitive pressures by guiding them on the appropriate market segmentation. In addition, firms should focus on the influential background variables during new product designs in order to get the target markets’ preferences and balance their competitive pressures simultaneously.
La Cerdanya i l’explotació dels recursos naturals en època antiga: el Castellot de Bolvir i el Tossal de Baltarga
Authors: Morera Camprubí Jordi , Oller Guzmán Joan , Olesti Vila Oriol , Viladevall Solè Manel
Published: December 2017

Les intervencions arqueològiques dutes a terme per l’equip de recerca de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona dirigit per Oriol Olesti a la Cerdanya han permès incrementar de forma substancial el coneixement sobre l’ocupació d’aquest territori en època antiga. D’aquesta manera, la recerca a jaciments com el Castellot de Bolvir o el Tossal de Baltarga ha fet que ens puguem apropar a l’estructuració política, social, econòmica, cultural i territorial del poble històric dels ceretans. Un dels elements dels quals més dades s’ha pogut obtenir seria de la relació amb el territori i l’explotació dels seus recursos. Així, es pot certificar que tant en època iberoceretana com romana republicana existí un aprofitament intens i una gestió eficient dels diversos recursos que oferia la Cerdanya.
Des tas de déchets petits et grands : vers des critères d’enregistrements communs nécessaires aux bases de données pour étudier dans la diachronie les productions sidérurgiques
Authors: Pagès Gaspard
Published: December 2017

Cet article vise à faire une proposition pour l'application de critères systématiques concernant l'enregistrement des sites archéologiques liés à la sidérurgie dans une perspective diachronique.
Primary School Children’s Vandalism : The Problem of Upbringing and Interaction in Russian Families
Authors: Vylegzhanina Anastasia O. , Vorobyeva Irina V. , Kruzhkova Olga V. , Krivoshchekova Maria S.
Published: December 2017

The study is devoted to the problem of primary school children-s vandalism, and particularly its connection with child-parent relationships on the example of Russian families. We define the main predictors of a child-s vandal activity on the basis of psychological diagnostics of 228 8-9-year-old children and the assessment of the frequency and specifics of their vandal behaviour by their 228 parents. The children are classified into 3 groups by the extent of their propensity for vandalism. The complex analysis identifies personal and emotional factors influencing the frequency of a child-s acts of destruction and transformation of other people-s items, devaluation of their own and others- things including those explained by the covert desire to acquire new items. The research findings confirm a significant role of the parent-child relationships in the formation of the child-s readiness for vandal behaviour. In particular, we prove that limitation of a child-s freedom by excessive strictness and hyper protection aggravates children-s propensity for vandalism.
Positive Coping and Resilience: Questions and Conclusions Drawn from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Berszán Lídia
Published: December 2017

In 2002-2004, during a research about families taking care of disabled children or adults, we created the criteria of coping successfully. Interpreting through this filter the resulting data and the responses a coping profile has outlined. Ten years later, we repeated the survey and found that in the interpretation of the data, the coping criteria from the first research was not sustainable. To better understand this phenomenon, we performed in-depth interviews and we added a CHIP (Coping Health Inventory For Parents) questionnaire that provides insight to coping behaviours used by parents. The results we obtained further highlighted our suspicion that the factor of successful coping from the first period of facing disabilities significantly changed through the years. This phenomenon can be interpreted not only in terms of the life of individual families, but also shows the overlaps and differences between the meanings of the terms ‘coping- and ‘resilience-, and the professional challenge brought by the supported resilience in the ‘overseeing- of these families.
O SUJEITO QUE CUIDA DO OUTRO: SEUS DISCURSOS E PRÁTICAS EM SAÚDE
Authors: De Lucena Maria Angelica Gazzana , Paviani Jayme
Published: December 2017

 A leitura que se pretende aqui realizar é sobre aquele sujeito que cuida do outro, no campo da saúde, tornada campo de problematização, em diálogo com Foucault. Guardado o aspecto de como cada profissional se movimenta nesse campo, se usa ao profissional Enfermeiro o que cuida do outro. Nesse propósito, e para também compreender os seus modos de ser, viver e trabalhar se faz uma aproximação às contribuições de Foucault no que se refere às noções de sujeito, poder, discurso e que se entende podem contribuir para elucidar outros aspectos, no que tange às condições sociais dos espaços em que se encontra o sujeito que cuida do outro. Nesse modo de relatar e abordar esse sujeito que cuida do outro, se remete a referenciais que envolvem a construção discursiva de seu “saber-fazer cuidado” em saúde, ainda que em linhas gerais. O argumento de fundo é o de que esse sujeito que cuida do outro se encontra inserido, histórica e socialmente, na trama complexa das relações e mantido por uma rede de poderes que se observa na atualidade.

 
The genus Luticola (Bacillariophyta) on Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean) with the description of two new species
Authors: Chattová Barbora , Lebouvier Marc , De Haan Myriam , Van de Vijver Bart
Published: December 2017

Five species of the terrestrial diatom genus Luticola D.G.Mann were found during a taxonomic survey of two small volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul (Southern Indian Ocean). Apart from the two already known Luticola species L. beyensii Van de Vijver et al. and L. subcrozetensis Van de Vijver et al., two new species are described: L. ivetana Chattová & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and L. vancampiana Chattová & Van de Vijver sp. nov. Finally, one, up to now unknown, Luticola species is briefly discussed and illustrated. Detailed morphological descriptions of these taxa are provided based on both light and scanning electron microscopy observations. Morphological features of the new species are compared to morphologically similar taxa, and notes on their ecology and biogeography are added.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Reinvesting in Our Traditional Personnel Through Knowledge Sharing and Training
Authors: Dehmlow Mark
Published: December 2017

Editorial Board Thoughts: Reinvesting in Our Traditional Personnel Through Knowledge Sharing and Training
Mobile Website Use and Advanced Researchers: Understanding Library Users at a University Marine Sciences Branch Campus
Authors: Markland Mary J. , Rempel Hannah Gascho , Bridges Laurie
Published: December 2017

This exploratory study examined the use of the Oregon State University Libraries website via mobile devices by advanced researchers at an off-campus branch location. Branch campus–affiliated faculty, staff, and graduate students were invited to participate in a survey to determine what their research behaviors are via mobile devices, including frequency of their mobile library website use and the tasks they were attempting to complete. Findings showed that while these advanced researchers do periodically use the library website via mobile devices, mobile devices are not the primary mode of searching for articles and books or for reading scholarly sources. Mobile devices are most frequently used for viewing the library website when these advanced researchers are at home or in transit. Results of this survey will be used to address knowledge gaps around library resources and research tools and to generate more ways to study advanced researchers’ use of library services via mobile devices.
Paxillin facilitates timely neurite initiation on soft-substrate environments by interacting with the endocytic machinery
Authors: Chang Ting-Ya , Chen Chen , Lee Min , Chang Ya-Chu , Lu Chi-Huan , Lu Shao-Tzu , Wang De-Yao , Wang Aijun , Guo Chin-Lin , Cheng Pei-Lin
Published: December 2017

Neurite initiation is the first step in neuronal development and occurs spontaneously in soft tissue environments. Although the mechanisms regulating the morphology of migratory cells on rigid substrates in cell culture are widely known, how soft environments modulate neurite initiation remains elusive. Using hydrogel cultures, pharmacologic inhibition, and genetic approaches, we reveal that paxillin-linked endocytosis and adhesion are components of a bistable switch controlling neurite initiation in a substrate modulus-dependent manner. On soft substrates, most paxillin binds to endocytic factors and facilitates vesicle invagination, elevating neuritogenic Rac1 activity and expression of genes encoding the endocytic machinery. By contrast, on rigid substrates, cells develop extensive adhesions, increase RhoA activity and sequester paxillin from the endocytic machinery, thereby delaying neurite initiation. Our results highlight paxillin as a core molecule in substrate modulus-controlled morphogenesis and define a mechanism whereby neuronal cells respond to environments exhibiting varying mechanical properties.
Maternal mo(ve)ments in memory work
Authors: Rantala Teija
Published: December 2017

This is a textual introduction to the video piece ‘Maternal mo(ve)ments in memory work.’ The purpose of the video piece is to approach the production of collective and memory work data through its mo(ve)ments, sounds, and affects, and to perceive memory as a collective process of production. In order to question the construction of memory as a ‘singular entity’ and build an understanding of memory as the collective production of mo(ve)ments, I have combined the extracts of memory work recordings and collaborative writings with ‘snapshots’ of theory on memory and affect on the video display. The video piece begins by presenting the ‘excerpts’ of memory work recordings and their transcripts. Another set of memory work transcripts follows these, also providing writings and recorded expressions of the memory work encounters. The piece ends with ‘snapshots’ of theoretical insights on the presented data. The oral articulations/‘voices’ on the video are of women in my family and the written articulations are of Laestadian women in my study.
Spatial pattern of foot-and-mouth disease in animals in China, 2010–2016
Authors: Ma Jun , Xiao Jianhua , Gao Xiang , Liu Boyang , Chen Hao , Wang Hongbin
Published: December 2017

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased animals (1,691 serotype A and 4,284 serotype O cases). Spatial autocorrelation, including global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation, as well as directional distribution analysis, were performed. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 did not show clustering (P > 0.05). In 2013 and 2014, the FMD serotype A hotspots areas were Tibet (Z = 3.3236,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.2001,P < 0.001 in 2014) and Xinjiang provinces (Z = 4.2113,P < 0.001 in 2013;Z = 3.9888,P < 0.001 in 2014). The FMD serotype O hotspots areas were: Xinjiang (Z = 2.5832,P = 0.0098) province in 2010; Tibet (Z = 3.8814,P < 0.001) and Xinjiang (Z = 4.9128,P < 0.001) provinces in 2011; and Tibet (Z = 3.0838,P = 0.0020), Xinjiang (Z = 3.8705,P < 0.001) and Qinghai (Z = 2.8875,P = 0.0039) provinces in 2013. The distribution of FMD cases from 2010 to 2016 showed a significant directional trend (northwest-southeast). In conclusion, our findings revealed the spatial patterns of FMD cases, which may provide beneficial information for the prevention and control of FMD.
Colloidal Au Catalyst Preparation: Selective Removal of Polyvinylpyrrolidone from Active Au Sites
Authors: Donoeva Baira , de Jongh Petra E.
Published: December 2017

Colloids with controlled dimensions, morphology and composition can be used to obtain supported metal catalysts with desired characteristics. Yet, removal of capping agents which block active metal sites in such catalysts can be challenging: mild methods often result in incomplete removal of capping agents, whereas harsher methods can cause change in particle size or morphology or cause metal segregation for bimetallic particles. Here we provide evidence that polyvinylpyrrolidone used as a stabilizing agent for gold colloids is present both on the metal and the support surface after colloid deposition on the TiO2 support. The polymer adsorbed on Au sites blocks their catalytic activity if it cannot be desorbed/decomposed under reaction conditions. Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be removed completely from the active gold surface of Au/TiO2 without particle growth using a number of mild treatment methods described in this work, despite only partial removal (≈45 %) of the stabilizer from the bulk of Au/TiO2 can be achieved. The remaining >50 % of polyvinylpyrrolidone resides exclusively on the TiO2 support and has no effect on the optical properties and catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles. The treated catalysts demonstrate catalytic activity and selectivity similar to those of a catalyst prepared by impregnation. These findings are important for further advancing the preparation of well‐defined supported catalysts using metal colloids.
Homocoupling of Phenylboronic Acid using Atomically Dispersed Gold on Carbon Catalysts: Catalyst Evolution Before Reaction
Authors: Parmentier Tanja E. , Dawson Simon R. , Malta Grazia , Lu Li , Davies Thomas E. , Kondrat Simon A. , Freakley Simon J. , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: December 2017

Coupling reactions to form new C−C bonds are extensively used in industrial synthetic processes. Gold has been shown to be an active catalyst for such reactions; however, conflicting reports exist as to whether cationic Au or metallic Au acts as the active species. We prepared a heterogeneous catalyst consisting of atomically dispersed Au–Clx supported on carbon and showed this to be active in the homocoupling of phenylboronic acid to biphenyl. However; characterisation of the catalyst materials, even after just a short exposure time to the reactants, revealed rapid reduction and sintering of the Au species into larger metallic nanoparticles, which we propose to be the true active species in this instance. This study suggests that if cationic Au is an active catalyst, it must be stabilised against reduction and agglomeration by either forming complexes which are more stable than common chlorides or by strongly anchoring them firmly onto alternative support materials; as in this case the carbon supported Au–Cl species were easily reduced.
Generation of Transplantable Retinal Photoreceptors from a Current Good Manufacturing Practice-Manufactured Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line
Authors: Zhu Jie , Reynolds Joseph , Garcia Thelma , Cifuentes Helen , Chew Shereen , Zeng Xianmin , Lamba Deepak Ashok
Published: December 2017

Retinal degeneration often results in the loss of light-sensing photoreceptors, which leads to permanent vision loss. Generating transplantable retinal photoreceptors using human somatic cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise to treat a variety of retinal degenerative diseases by replacing the damaged or dysfunctional native photoreceptors with healthy and functional ones. Establishment of effective methods to produce retinal cells including photoreceptors in chemically defined conditions using current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)-manufactured human iPSC lines is critical for advancing cell replacement therapy to the clinic. In this study, we used a human iPSC line (NCL-1) derived under cGMP-compliant conditions from CD34+ cord blood cells. The cells were differentiated into retinal cells using a small molecule-based retinal induction protocol. We show that retinal cells including photoreceptors, retinal pigmented epithelial cells and optic cup-like retinal organoids can be generated from the NCL-1 iPSC line. Additionally, we show that following subretinal transplantation into immunodeficient host mouse eyes, retinal cells successfully integrated into the photoreceptor layer and developed into mature photoreceptors. This study provides strong evidence that transplantable photoreceptors can be generated from a cGMP-manufactured human iPSC line for clinical applications.
Coordination Polymers Comprised of an Exo Bifunctional Schiff Base Ligand and Succinate Dianion: Critical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Structures and Framework Dimensionality
Authors: Baig Fayaz , Khullar Sadhika , Mandal Sanjay K. , Sarkar Madhushree
Published: December 2017

The chemistry of Coordination Polymers (CPs) of an exo bidentate Schiff base ligand, L1b, 2,5‐bis‐(3‐pyridyl)‐3,4‐diaza‐2,4‐hexadiene, where two pyridyl moieties are separated by imine groups, is discussed. The reaction of ligand L1b and disodium succinate with Cd(ClO4)2 resulted in CP1, which is a 2D bilayer structure. Previously, it was reported elsewhere that the reaction of L1b with Cd(NO3)2 followed by the addition of disodium succinate resulted in a 3D network, while the similar reaction with Cd(ClO4)2 resulted in a different 3D network. The result from the current study establishes that reaction conditions and the anion in the metal salt can be crucial in obtaining diversified networks for the same combination of metal center and ligand. The effect of reaction conditions on network geometry is critically analyzed by comparing their single crystal structures and various other parameters.
Review: Dubious nexus between natural resources and conflict
Authors: Bayramov Agha
Published: December 2017

What has been identified as, according to the relevant literature, the relationship between natural resources and conflict? In what ways are natural resources used to trigger conflict and instability? Who are the main players and actors in resource conflicts? To address these questions, this article critically reviews the main theoretical and empirical works on conflict, natural resources, abundancy and scarcity. In doing so, the article aims to update the existing discussion with the latest literatures, which is more skeptical about the relationship between natural resources and conflict. Constructively, the main objective of this review is to explain that in spite the diverse arguments on show; there is a systematic shortcoming in the existing literature. In doing so the article illustrates persistent research shortcomings and difficulties in the theoretical and empirical arguments that have been put forward so far.
THE STATE AND THE ASSASSINATION THREAT IN BRITAIN, 1971–1984
Authors: BALL SIMON
Published: December 2017

The emergence of London as a major site of political murder caught the British state by surprise in the early 1970s. Assumptions about assassination – as an event linked to the British empire – built up over seven decades – had to be abandoned in under a decade. The change in Britain's understanding of its vulnerability within the international system was traumatic. This change took place in three stages, beginning in 1971, 1978, and 1984. There were strong elements of continuity between the Callaghan government and the first Thatcher government. It was the second Thatcher government that made a more radical break with the past. A new understanding of assassination conspiracies altered fundamentally the state's approach to security.
Urban and rural dietary patterns are associated with anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status of adolescent Mozambican girls
Authors: Hauta-alus Helena H , Korkalo Liisa , Freese Riitta , Ismael Carina , Mutanen Marja
Published: December 2017

Objective

The objective of the present study was to explore whether dietary patterns (DP) are associated with nutritional status indicators among adolescent Mozambican girls.

Design/Setting/Subjects

In this population-based cross-sectional study we used the FFQ data of 547 girls aged 14–19 years from Central Mozambique to derive dietary patterns by means of principal component analysis. We used two-level linear regression models to examine the associations between the DP and anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status.

Results

We identified three DP: ‘Urban bread and fats’, ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ and ‘Rural cassava and coconut’. The ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (P for all<0·001) and blood Hb (P=0·025). A negative association was observed between the ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP and serum folate (P<0·001). The ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP and the ‘Rural cassava and coconut’ DP were associated negatively with BMIZ, MUAC and triceps skinfold (P for all<0·05), but the ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP was associated positively with serum ferritin (P=0·007).

Conclusions

Urban and rural DP were associated with nutritional status indicators. In a low-resource setting, urban diets may promote body fat storage and blood Hb concentrations but compromise serum folate concentration. It is important to continue valuing the traditional, rural foods that are high in folate.
Prevalence of personality disorders in patients with fibromyalgia: a brief review
Authors: Attademo Luigi , Bernardini Francesco
Published: December 2017

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex musculoskeletal pain disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and other functional symptoms. Patients with FM are frequently affected by psychiatric disorders. Clinicians typically observe certain personality characteristics or traits associated with FM, but there is still a lack of studies about personality disorders (PDs) in patients with FM. Aim of our brief review is to summarize the literature to date on prevalence of PDs in FM. We searched the PubMed electronic database for all articles up to 1 February 2017, and identified a number of reports about prevalence of PDs in patients with FM. Most of studies show that the proportion of PDs diagnosed in patients with FM appears far greater than that found in the general population. We suggest that is very useful to evaluate PDs in patients with FM systematically, in order to improve the understanding, assessment, and treatment of this clinical condition.
Treating specific phobias in young people with autism and severe learning difficulties
Authors: Burton Phillippa , Palicka Anna , Williams Tim I.
Published: December 2017

Animal phobias in young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) can provoke behaviours that put them at risk and impede access to the community. Previous studies suggest that cognitive behavioural therapy including systematic desensitization and modelling are effective for people with ID, including those with comorbid ASD. Methods of adapting such treatment to people with little spoken language are not well described, and ethical issues concerning both young people and animals during treatment have not been addressed. The aim of this study was to describe, using a case series of consecutive referrals: (1) adaptations to systematic desensitization when communication of the young person is impaired, and (2) the ethics of involving animals in therapeutic interventions. Treatment was planned based on the use of systematic desensitization with a hierarchy of feared situations using visual symbols and schedules to communicate with the participants. Five young people with ASD, severe ID and minimal language were successfully treated for dog phobia. Modifications to treatment included both the use of non-verbal means of communication including printed symbols and graded activities such as jigsaw puzzles and picture matching to present information to clients in a more finely graded format. The treatment of specific phobias is possible with the use of minimal language provided that a variety of individualized stimuli approximating to the feared objects are developed and the safety of all participants is respected. Further work is required to develop sufficiently flexible treatment protocols, which in turn would enable a randomized controlled trial.
Teambuilding-Maßnahmen für Erzieherinnen und Erzieher in Kindertagesstätten
Authors: Walter Nadja , Wolburg Julia
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Teambuilding-Maßnahmen im betrieblichen Setting thematisieren in der Regel Aspekte wie Zielsetzung, Beziehungs- und Rollenklärung oder Problemlösung und bieten die Möglichkeit, außerhalb des alltäglichen Berufslebens Themen und Sachverhalte mit anderen Teammitgliedern zu besprechen und zu bearbeiten. Gleichzeitig beinhalten solche Maßnahmen das Potential zur individuellen und teambezogenen Weiterentwicklung, die sich in einer Stärkung des Teamzusammenhalts oder einer verbesserten Kommunikation im Team äußern kann. Die Wirksamkeit von derartigen Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen konnte bereits in einer Reihe von Studien bestätigt werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung soll zwei zentrale Fragen klären. In einem Prä-Post-Follow-up Design soll zum einen überprüft werden, welchen Einfluss eine einmalige Teambuilding-Maßnahme auf das Teamklima von Kita-Erziehern (N = 39) hat. Zum anderen soll überprüft werden, inwieweit die Wahl einer passiven bzw. aktiven Vermittlungsmethode diesen Effekt beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine aktive Vermittlungsmethode keinen Vorteil gegenüber einer passiven Methode hat.
Time and Performance Pressure
Authors: Leinhos Julia , Rigotti Thomas , Baethge Anja
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Time pressure and performance pressure are among the most crucial job demands of today’s workforce. However, the literature on psychological stress barely distinguishes between these constructs. Therefore, we aimed to examine time pressure and performance pressure as two qualitatively different job demands in terms of unique moderators for both demands. We investigated whether time control would moderate the relationship between time pressure and both emotional exhaustion and work engagement. As a vulnerability factor for dealing with performance pressure, we investigated perfectionism. The cross-sectional data of 167 employees showed that time control was a significant moderator of the stress–strain relationship, but only for time pressure. By contrast, perfectionism acted as a personal risk factor only for performance pressure, strengthening the negative impact of performance pressure on strain. Our findings suggest that dealing with time and performance pressure seems to be affected by differential safety and risk factors. Therefore, both should be treated as two distinct constructs.
Emotionserleben und somatische Beschwerden
Authors: Sauer Karoline Sophie , Witthöft Michael
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Aktuelle Modelle der Wahrnehmung körperlicher Beschwerden gehen davon aus, dass negative emotionale Zustände (z. B. Angst und Traurigkeit) eine zentrale Rolle bei der Symptomwahrnehmung spielen. Eine kausale Wirkung von Ärger auf den körperlichen Symptombericht wurde hingegen noch nicht ausreichend nachgewiesen. Fragestellung: Führt eine experimentelle Induktion von Ärger und Traurigkeit zu einem verstärkten Bericht körperlicher Beschwerden? Methode: 90 Studienteilnehmende wurden zufällig drei experimentellen Bedingungen zugewiesen. Mit einer autobiografischen Methodik wurden Ärger (n = 30) und Traurigkeit (n = 30) induziert. Eine dritte Gruppe (n = 30) diente als neutrale Kontrollbedingung. Bei allen Teilnehmenden wurden vor und nach der Induktion die Emotionswahrnehmung sowie der körperliche Symptombericht erhoben. Ergebnisse: Nach der Induktion von Ärger und Traurigkeit war ein Anstieg der intendierten Emotionen Ärger in der Gruppe „Ärger“, t (29) = -5.43, p < .001, und Traurigkeit in der Gruppe „Traurigkeit“ festzustellen, t (29) = -4.81, p < .001. Lediglich nach der Induktion von Traurigkeit, t (29) = -4.04, p < .001, nicht jedoch nach der Induktion von Ärger, t (29) = -1.52, p = .14, war eine Verstärkung des körperlichen Symptomberichts zu beobachten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse belegen unterschiedliche Effekte negativer Emotionen (am Beispiel Ärger und Traurigkeit) auf den körperlichen Symptombericht. Implikationen der Befunde für zentrale psychopathologische Phänomene werden diskutiert.
Should AGU Have Fly-in Meetings Anymore?
Authors: Parrish Judith
Published: December 2017

Should members of the American Geophysical Union “walk their talk” by cutting carbon emissions related to meeting travel?
Coordination-driven fast self-assembly of a charge-transfer hydrogel with reversible photochromism
Authors: Liao Jian-Zhen , Wang Sa-Sa , Wu Xiao-Yuan , Yu Rongmin , Lu Can-Zhong , Chen Xu-Lin
Published: December 2017

Highly selective coordination-driven self-assembly of charge transfer hydrogel was obtained by simply mixing two-phase solution, once be irradiated by simulated sun light, will generate organic radicals in gel state, displaying reversible photochromism.
The mechanism for the stabilization and surfactant properties of epitaxial silicene
Authors: Curcella A. , Bernard R. , Borensztein Y. , Lazzeri M. , Prévot G.
Published: December 2017

Using real-time in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory simulations, we have studied the growth of Si films on Ag(111) beyond the silicene monolayer, evidencing the existence of metastable phases and an original growth mechanism.
Strain engineering of van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Vermeulen Paul A. , Mulder Jefta , Momand Jamo , Kooi Bart J.
Published: December 2017

An unexpected long-range strain persists in 2D-bonded Bi2Te3–Sb2Te3 heterostructures.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed annulative coupling between arenes and sulfoxonium ylides via C–H activation
Authors: Zheng Guangfan , Tian Miaomiao , Xu Youwei , Chen Xiaohong , Li Xingwei
Published: December 2017

Sulfoxonium ylides acts as a bifunctional C2-synthon in Rh(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral annulative coupling with arenes for the synthesis of N-heterocycles and carbocycles.
Signalling pathways in schistosomes: novel targets for control interventions against schistosomiasis
Authors: Cai Pengfei , McManus Donald P. , You Hong
Published: December 2017

Over the last decade, there has been accumulating evidence showing that signalling pathways are involved in extensive biological and physiological processes in the human blood fluke schistosomes, playing essential roles in environmental sensing, host penetration, growth, development, maturation, embryogenesis, tissue self-renewal and survival. Owing to the likelihood of resistance developing against praziquantel, the only drug currently available that is effective against all the human schistosome species, there is an urgent requirement for an alternative treatment, arguing for continuing research into novel or repurposed anti-schistosomal drugs. An increasing number of anticancer drugs are being developed which block abnormal signalling pathways, a feature that has stimulated interest in developing novel interventions against human schistosomiasis by targeting key cell signalling components. In this review, we discuss the functional characterization of signal transduction pathways in schistosomes and consider current challenges and future perspectives in this important area of research.
Disturbance‐observer‐based output feedback control of non‐linear cascaded systems with external disturbance
Authors: Wu Kang , Zhang Zhongcai , Sun Changyin
Published: December 2017

The output feedback robust controller is proposed for a class of non‐linear systems with integral input‐to‐state stable inverse dynamics and external disturbance. The investigated systems represent more general classes of non‐linear uncertain systems. An extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate both the system states and the external disturbance by use of the disturbance as a generalised state. Based on the given reduced‐order ESO, a new error dynamic system is constructed. The global asymptotic regulation is guaranteed under the presented anti‐disturbance controller by the combined approach of backstepping and linear matrix inequality. The simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the given algorithm.
Influence of remote earth and impulse polarity on earthing systems by field measurement
Authors: Abdullah Syarifah , Mohamad Nor Normiza , Agbor Nkwa , Reffin Muhd , Othman Marinah
Published: December 2017

There has been a vast vacuum in the literature on the importance of the location of remote earth carried out during impulse test on grounding systems using field measurements. Some published work show that the remote earth is installed surrounding the electrode under tests, whilst some have used separate remote earth, away from it. This work studies the impact of return electrode location on transient behaviour of the earthing electrode. The electrode under test is a single rod. Two types of remote earth configurations are used, a circular electrode with multiple rods surrounding the single rod, and one that is 80 m away from it. Impulse tests are conducted under both impulse polarities. Voltage and current traces are captured for a single rod, using two different types of remote earth configurations, with the impulse resistance measured as well. It has been established that the arrangement of the remote earth poses no influence on the test results. That said, higher oscillations of current traces and higher resistance values have been observed in negative impulse in comparison with positive impulse polarities.
Unveiling the chemistry of interstellar CH
Authors: Wiesemeyer H. , Güsten R. , Menten K.M. , Durán C.A. , Csengeri T. , Jacob A.M. , Simon R. , Stutzki J. , Wyrowski F.
Published: December 2017

Context. The methylidyne radical CH is commonly used as a proxy for molecular hydrogen in the cold, neutral phase of the interstellar medium. The optical spectroscopy of CH is limited by interstellar extinction, whereas far-infrared observations provide an integral view through the Galaxy. While the HF ground state absorption, another H2 proxy in diffuse gas, frequently suffers from saturation, CH remains transparent both in spiral-arm crossings and high-mass star forming regions, turning this light hydride into a universal surrogate for H2. However, in slow shocks and in regions dissipating turbulence its abundance is expected to be enhanced by an endothermic production path, and the idea of a “canonical” CH abundance needs to be addressed.

Aim. The N = 2 ← 1 ground state transition of CH at λ149 μm has become accessible to high-resolution spectroscopy thanks to the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (GREAT) aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). Its unsaturated absorption and the absence of emission from the star forming regions makes it an ideal candidate for the determination of column densities with a minimum of assumptions. Here we present an analysis of four sightlines towards distant Galactic star forming regions, whose hot cores emit a strong far-infrared dust continuum serving as background signal. Moreover, if combined with the sub-millimeter line of CH at λ560 μm , environments forming massive stars can be analyzed. For this we present a case study on the “proto-Trapezium” cluster W3 IRS5.

Methods. While we confirm the global correlation between the column densities of HF and those of CH, both in arm and interarm regions, clear signposts of an over-abundance of CH are observed towards lower densities. However, a significant correlation between the column densities of CH and HF remains. A characterization of the hot cores in the W3 IRS5 proto-cluster and its envelope demonstrates that the sub-millimeter/far-infrared lines of CH reliably trace not only diffuse but also dense, molecular gas.

Results. In diffuse gas, at lower densities a quiescent ion-neutral chemistry alone cannot account for the observed abundance of CH. Unlike the production of HF, for CH+ and CH, vortices forming in turbulent, diffuse gas may be the setting for an enhanced production path. However, CH remains a valuable tracer for molecular gas in environments reaching from diffuse clouds to sites of high-mass star formation.
App für Nierenkranke - Mit einem Wisch mehr Mitbestimmung
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: December 2017

Die Charité entwickelt ein digitales Forschungsprojekt, das chronisch nierenkranke Menschen stärker in den medizinischen Behandlungsprozess einbindet. Das soll Krankenhausaufenthalte und Behandlungskosten reduzieren sowie die Lebensqualität der Patienten steigern.
Best-Practice-Award 2018 - Innovative Ideen für Einkauf und Logistik in Kliniken
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: December 2017

Die Prospitalia GmbH aus Ulm vergibt auch im Jahr 2018 wieder den Best-Practice-Award für innovative Lösungen im Bereich Einkauf und Logistik im Krankenhaus. Kliniken, die das Projekt in ihrem Haus bereits umgesetzt haben, können sich bis zum 28. Februar 2018 bewerben.
Editorial und Inhalt
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: December 2017

Ob Reformstau oder Standortängste – viele Klinikmanager, deren Unternehmen mit Verdrängungswettbewerb und den Zwängen knapper Kassen kämpfen, rufen Berater zu Hilfe.
Salvage Therapies for Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Critical Review
Authors: Kemp William , Roberts Stuart
Published: December 2017

Several salvage therapies have been identified for autoimmune hepatitis refractory or recalcitrant to conventional therapy; however, the optimal salvage strategy remains unclear. High-dose prednisolone is currently recommended as the front-line salvage therapy, with alternative immunosuppressive therapies reserved for continuing treatment failure. Of the second-line therapies, the calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine and tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil are preferred and have the most accrued clinical data. However, none of these have undergone rigorous clinical evaluation via randomized clinical trials. Tacrolimus is generally preferred over cyclosporine because of its higher potency and increased utility in organ transplantation. Mycophenolate is particularly useful for azathioprine intolerance but also for nonresponse to standard treatment. Subjects with progressive liver failure should undergo liver transplantation evaluation. The appropriate timing, dosing, and monitoring of salvage therapies require determination. Several promising immunosuppressive therapies have been developed for autoimmune diseases including molecular agents that may enhance regulatory T cell activity and function.
Neuromuscular Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Edmundson Christyn , Guidon Amanda
Published: December 2017

Neuromuscular disorders may present and progress differently in women than in men. During pregnancy, medication adjustment, hormonal effects, and other alterations in physiology may influence the manifestation of a variety of neuromuscular disorders. The expression of existing conditions may change; previously asymptomatic conditions may be unmasked, or entirely new conditions may develop. Additionally, neuromuscular disorders and their treatments may have implications for the fetus. Such factors must be carefully considered when counseling and treating pregnant women and those considering pregnancy. This article reviews considerations specific to women and issues surrounding pregnancy in disorders of the neuromuscular junction, focal neuropathies, and acquired and inherited disorders of the nerve and muscle.