bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High-Precision Multi-Beam Optical Measurement Method for Cylindrical Surface Profile
Authors: Zhou Yinghong , Wu Zhiliang , Cai Nian , Zhan Daohua , Xu Shaoqiu , Chen Meiyun , Zhou Guang , Wang Han
Published: August 2023

To automatically measure the surface profile of a cylindrical workpiece, a high-precision multi-beam optical method is proposed in this paper. First, some successive images for the cylindrical workpiece’s surface are acquired by a multi-beam angle sensor under different light directions. Then, the light directions are estimated based on the feature regions in the images to calculate surface normal vectors. Finally, according to the relationship of the surface normal vector and the vertical section of the workpiece’s surface, a depth map is reconstructed to achieve the curvature surface, which can be employed to measure the curvature radius of the cylindrical workpiece’s surface. Experimental results indicate that the proposed measurement method can achieve good measurement precision with a mean error of the curvature radius of a workpiece’s surface of 0.89% at a reasonable speed of 10.226 s, which is superior to some existing methods.
Uranium Occurrence State and Its Implication for Sandstone-Type Uranium Mineralization within the Hanbazhai Area of the Longchuanjiang Basin, China
Authors: Xia Yu , Mou Chuanlong , Wu Hao
Published: August 2023

The Mangbang Formation in the Hanbazhai area is part of the uranium ore field in the Longchuanjiang Basin, China. Uraniferous sandstones from this formation are examined in this study. The type and mode of occurrence of uranium are investigated in detail using an experiment for the sequential extraction of uranium, as well as an electron probe, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analyses. The sequential extraction experiment indicates that the proportion of uranium minerals is significantly greater than that of the adsorbed uranium in the samples, with the latter being largely present in framboidal pyrites and clay minerals. The results show that these uranium minerals are mainly composed of coffinite and uranium phosphosilicates, which closely coexist with framboidal pyrites, carbon debris, feldspar minerals, and clay minerals. The discovery of coffinite and uranium phosphosilicates is discussed in context with their symbiotic relationship and geochemical environment. Uraniferous sandstones are considered to have undergone at least two stages of mineralization: the sedimentary–diagenetic stage and the later uranium enrichment by fluid. The geochemical environment of the sedimentary–diagenetic stage is generally a sulfide-reducing environment, and the later fluids are rich in U, Si, P, and Y.
Thermal Insulation Mechanism, Preparation, and Modification of Nanocellulose Aerogels: A Review
Authors: Wu Yueqi , Wang Xue , Yao Lihong , Chang Siyu , Wang Ximing
Published: August 2023

Energy problems have become increasingly prominent. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective measure to save energy. As an efficient energy-saving material, nanocellulose aerogels have broad application prospects. However, nanocellulose aerogels have problems such as poor mechanical properties, high flammability, and they easily absorbs water from the environment. These defects restrict their thermal insulation performance and severely limit their application. This review analyzes the thermal insulation mechanism of nanocellulose aerogels and summarizes the methods of preparing them from biomass raw materials. In addition, aiming at the inherent defects of nanocellulose aerogels, this review focuses on the methods used to improve their mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity in order to prepare high-performance thermal insulation materials in line with the concept of sustainable development, thereby promoting energy conservation, rational use, and expanding the application of nanocellulose aerogels.
Study of Micro-Samples from the Open-Air Rock Art Site of Cueva de la Vieja (Alpera, Albacete, Spain) for Assessing the Performance of a Desalination Treatment
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Aramendia Julene , Prieto-Taboada Nagore , Arana Gorka , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Ruiz Juan Francisco
Published: August 2023

In this work, some micro-samples belonging to the open-air rock art site of Cueva de la Vieja (Alpera, Albacete, Spain) were analysed. These samples were collected after and before a desalination treatment was carried out, with the aim of removing a whitish layer of concretion that affected the painted panel. The diagnostic study was performed to study the conservation state of the panel, and to then confirm the effectiveness of the treatment. Micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed for the characterization of the degradation product as well as that of the mineral substrate and pigments. The micro-samples analysis demonstrated that the painted layer was settled on a dolomitic limestone with silicon aggregates and aluminosilicates as well as iron oxides. The whitish crust was composed by sulfate compounds such as gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) with a minor amount of epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O). An extensive phenomenon of biological activity has been demonstrated since then in almost all of the samples that have been analysed, and the presence of calcium oxalates monohydrate (CaC2O4·H2O) and dehydrate (CaC2O4·2H2O) were found. The presence of both calcium oxalates probably favoured the conservation of the pictographs. In addition, some carotenoids pigments, scytonemin (C36H20N2O4), and astaxanthin (C40H52O4) were characterized both by Raman spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction. Hematite was found as a pigment voluntarily used for the painting of the panels used in a mixture with hydroxyapatite and amorphous carbon. The results of the analyses of the samples taken after the cleaning treatment confirmed a substantial decrease in sulphate formation on the panel surface.
Research Progress on Structural Modification of Effective Antitumor Active Ingredients in Licorice
Authors: Liu Chi , Ma Qing , Gong Guangfei , Su Fengyan
Published: August 2023

Licorice, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, contains more than 300 flavonoids and more than 20 triterpenoids, which have potential medicinal value and can prevent the growth of tumor cells by blocking the cell cycle, affecting the regulation of the apoptosis gene of tumor cells, and inhibiting tumor cell angiogenesis. However, many of the compounds in licorice still have the drawbacks of poor solubility, significant toxic side effects, and low antitumor activity. This article reviews the structural modification of effective antitumor active ingredients in licorice, thus providing a theoretical basis for further investigation of licorice and the development of new antitumor drugs.
Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Inflorescence Extract for Tomato Disease Management
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Eva , Álvarez-Martínez Javier , González-García Vicente , Casanova-Gascón José , Martín-Gil Jesús , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: August 2023

Helichrysum stoechas is a singular halophyte that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and allelopathic properties. In the work presented herein, we have characterized its inflorescences hydromethanolic extract and assessed its antifungal activity for the pre- and postharvest management of tomato crop diseases. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization of the extract showed that 4-ethenyl-1,3-benzenediol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, quinic acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, catechol, scopoletin, and maltol were the main constituents. The co-occurrence of pyranones, benzenediols, and quinic acids as phytoconstituents of H. stoechas extract resulted in promising in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 500, 375, 500, 187.5, 187.5, and 375 μg·mL−1 against mycelia of Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Verticillium dahliae, respectively. Further, to assess the potential of H. stoechas inflorescence extract for postharvest tomato crop protection, ex situ tests were conducted against C. coccodes, obtaining high protection at a dose of 750 μg·mL−1. Taking into consideration that the demonstrated activity is among the highest reported to date for plant extracts and comparable to that of the synthetic fungicides tested as positive controls, H. stoechas inflorescence extract may be put forward as a promising biorational and may deserve further testing in field-scale studies.
Cytoprotective Effect of Bambusae caulis in Liquamen by Blocking Oxidative Stress in Hepatocytes
Authors: Yang Ji Hye
Published: August 2023

Bambusae caulis in Liquamen (BCL), which is extracted from heat-treated fresh bamboo stems, is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Eastern countries. Recently, it has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and whitening effects. However, the protective effect of BCL on hepatocytes has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether BCL prevents oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and exerts cytoprotective effects on hepatocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy were performed to analyze the type of polyphenols present in BCL. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and hepatocyte viability were assessed. The benzoic acid content was the highest among polyphenols present in BCL. Benzoic acid acts as a scavenger of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species. BCL increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes (glutamate–cysteine ligase and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase (1)) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and reduced tBHP-induced cell death by inhibiting oxidative stress. BCL inhibited tBHP-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In conclusion, BCL is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating oxidative-stress-induced hepatocyte damage.
Weight Loss and Sleep, Current Evidence in Animal Models and Humans
Authors: Gangitano Elena , Martinez-Sanchez Noelia , Bellini Maria Irene , Urciuoli Irene , Monterisi Stefania , Mariani Stefania , Ray David , Gnessi Lucio
Published: August 2023

Sleep is a vital process essential for survival. The trend of reduction in the time dedicated to sleep has increased in industrialized countries, together with the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Short sleep may increase the risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and on the other hand, obesity is associated with sleep disorders, such as obstructive apnea disease, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep and metabolic disorders are linked; therefore, identifying the physiological and molecular pathways involved in sleep regulation and metabolic homeostasis can play a major role in ameliorating the metabolic health of the individual. Approaches aimed at reducing body weight could provide benefits for both cardiometabolic risk and sleep quality, which indirectly, in turn, may determine an amelioration of the cardiometabolic phenotype of individuals. We revised the literature on weight loss and sleep, focusing on the mechanisms and the molecules that may subtend this relationship in humans as in animal models.
Bacteriocin-Producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YRL45 Enhances Intestinal Immunity and Regulates Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Bu Yushan , Liu Yisuo , Zhang Tai , Liu Yinxue , Zhang Zhe , Yi Huaxi
Published: August 2023

Bacteriocins production is one of important beneficial characteristics of probiotics, which has antibacterial property against intestinal pathogens and is helpful for regulating intestinal flora. To investigate the impact of bacteriocin-producing probiotics on gut microecology, bacteriocin-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YRL45 was orally administered to mice. The results revealed that it promoted the release of cytokines and improved the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages to activate the immune regulation system. L. plantarum YRL45 was conducive to maintaining the morphology of colon tissue without inflammation and increasing the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. The gene expression levels of Muc2, ZO-1 and JAM-1 were significantly up-regulated in the ileum and colon, and the gene expression of Cramp presented an upward trend with L. plantarum YRL45 intervention. Moreover, L. plantarum YRL45 remarkably enhanced the levels of immunoglobulins sIgA, IgA and IgG in the intestine of mice. The 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that L. plantarum YRL45 administration up-regulated the relative abundance of the beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia, down-regulated the abundance of the pathogenic bacteria Lachnoclostridium, and promoted the production of acetic acid, propionic acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice feces. Our findings indicated that L. plantarum YRL45 had the potential to be developed as a novel probiotic to regulate the intestinal barrier by altering gut microbiota to enhance intestinal immunity and ameliorate intestinal flora balance.
Major Depressive Disorder, Inflammation, and Nutrition: A Tricky Pattern?
Authors: Bernier Veronique , Debarge Marie-Hélène , Hein Matthieu , Ammendola Sarah , Mungo Anais , Loas Gwenole
Published: August 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease associated with inflammation. The Western diet (WD) is a high-fat, high-sugar diet also associated with inflammation. We aimed to show whether the diet of MDD patients was a WD and could act as a risk factor in this context. We conducted a transversal study of MDD patients and controls (CTRLs) without comorbidities. We performed blood analyses including C-reactive protein (CRP), a diet anamnesis, and an advanced glycation end-product assessment. We found that 34.37% of MDD patients had a CRP level above 3 to 10 mg/L, which remained higher than CTRLs after adjustments (sex, BMI, age, smoking status). The MDD patients had an excess of sugar and saturated and trans fatty acids; a deficiency in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, monounsaturated acid, dietary fibers, and antioxidants; a high glycemic load; and aggravating nutritional factors when compared to the CTRLs. We found correlations between nutritional factors and CRP in univariate/multivariate analysis models. Thus, MDD patients showed an elevated CRP level and a WD pattern that could contribute to sustaining an inflammatory state. Further studies are required to confirm this, but the results highlighted the importance of nutrition in the context of MDD.
TT Genotype of TLR4 rs1928295 Is a Risk Factor of Overweight/Obesity in Han Chinese Children Aged 7–12 Years and Can Interact with Dietary Patterns to Affect the Incidence of Central Obesity and Lipid Profile, Systolic Blood Pressure Levels
Authors: Zhu Qi , Qian Ben , Xue Kun , Guo Hongwei , Liang Rui , Wu Jinlong , Wu Qisu , Zhou Geyi
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have found that TLR4 rs1928295 polymorphism is associated with Body Mass Index in European and American Indian adults. This study evaluates the relationship between this locus polymorphism, obesity-related parameters and dietary patterns in Chinese Han Children. A total of 798 children aged 7–12 years were included in this cross-sectional study. An improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction was used for genotyping. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component factor analysis. The overweight/obesity rate of the TT genotype was greater than those of the CC/CT genotype (p = 0.032 and 0.048 in boys and girls, respectively). Boys of the TT genotype could interact with protein and cholesterol intake to increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p = 0.02, 0.015, respectively), while girls of the TT genotype could interact with total energy intake to increase triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.018) levels. Boys predisposed to a healthy balance dietary pattern (HBDP) and girls predisposed to an egg/fruit/fish dietary pattern (EFDP) were significantly associated with lower rates of central obesity (p = 0.045, 0.028). Boys carrying the TT genotype and predisposed to animal food dietary pattern (AFDP) had a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.017) and systolic pressure (p = 0.044). Our results indicated that the TT genotype of TLR4 rs1928295 is a potential risk factor for obesity in Chinese Han children and is associated with dietary patterns.
Interventions to Minimize Medication Error by Nurses in Intensive Care: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Coelho Fábio , Furtado Luís , Mendonça Natália , Soares Hélia , Duarte Hugo , Costeira Cristina , Santos Cátia , Sousa Joana Pereira
Published: August 2023

Medication errors represent a concern for healthcare organizations due to their negative consequences. In the nursing context, these errors represent a threat to the quality of care and patient safety. Many factors have been identified as potential causes for these errors in intensive care units. A scoping review will be developed to identify interventions/strategies to minimize the occurrence of medication errors by nurses, considering the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A search will be conducted in the EbscoHost (CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE), Embase and PubMed databases. Data analysis, extraction and synthesis will be carried out by two reviewers independently. This review will attempt to map which interventions are more specific to minimizing medication error by nurses in intensive care and to recognize which factors influence this type of error to mitigate practices that may lead to error. This protocol acts as the framework for a scoping review in the strategy to map the interventions and which factors contribute to the medication error by intensive care nurses. This study was prospectively registered with the Open Science Framework on 21 April 2023 with registration number DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/94KH3.
Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of Carotenoids and Reactive Oxygen Species: Contradictions Relating to Skin and Vision
Authors: Boehm Fritz , Edge Ruth , Truscott T. George
Published: August 2023

Molecular mechanisms based on photo-physical processes involving dietary carotenoids, their radicals, and the role of oxygen are discussed and used to suggest explanations of the poorly understood and often contradictory results related to mainly skin and vision. Differing and conflicting efficiencies of singlet oxygen reactions with carotenoids of biological importance are discussed in environments from ‘simple’ organic solvents to single He La cells. A range of free radical reactions with carotenoids, and the corresponding radicals of the carotenoids themselves, are compared and used to explain the switch from beneficial to deleterious processes involving dietary carotenoids and to unravel their differing functions; of particular interest is a possible role for vitamin C.
Machine Learning Approaches for Assessing Risk Factors of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Kim Woorim , Cho Young Ah , Min Kyung Hyun , Kim Dong-Chul , Lee Kyung-Eun
Published: August 2023

Adrenal insufficiency is a rare, yet life-threatening immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to establish a risk scoring system for adrenal insufficiency in patients receiving anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents. Moreover, several machine learning methods were utilized to predict such complications. This study included 209 ICI-treated patients from July 2015 to February 2021, excluding those with prior adrenal insufficiency, previous steroid therapy, or incomplete data to ensure data integrity. Patients were continuously followed up at Gyeongsang National University Hospital, with morning blood samples taken for basal cortisol level measurements, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of their adrenal insufficiency risk. Using a chi-squared test and logistic regression model, we derived the odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) through univariate and multivariable analyses. This study utilized machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, random forests, support vector machines (SVM), and logistic regression to predict adrenal insufficiency in patients treated with ICIs. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated using metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), ensuring rigorous assessment and reproducibility. A risk scoring system was developed from the multivariable and machine learning analyses. In a multivariable analysis, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (AOR 4.5), and α-blockers (AOR 6.0) were significant risk factors for adrenal insufficiency after adjusting for confounders. Among the machine learning models, logistic regression and elastic net showed good predictions, with AUROC values of 0.75 (0.61–0.90) and 0.76 (0.64–0.89), respectively. Based on multivariable and machine learning analyses, females (1 point), age ≥ 65 (1 point), PPIs (1 point), α-blockers (2 points), and antipsychotics (3 points) were integrated into the risk scoring system. From the logistic regression curve, patients with 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 points showed approximately 1.1%, 2.8%, 7.3%, 17.6%, 36.8%, 61.3%, and 81.2% risk for adrenal insufficiency, respectively. The application of our scoring system could prove beneficial in patient assessment and clinical decision-making while administering PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Analysis of the Effect of the TRPC4/TRPC5 Blocker, ML204, in Sucrose-Induced Metabolic Imbalance
Authors: Araújo Mizael C. , Soczek Suzany H. S. , Pontes Jaqueline P. , Pinto Bruno A. S. , França Lucas M. , Soley Bruna da Silva , Santos Gabriela S. , Saminez Warlison F. de Silva , Fernandes Fernanda K. M. , Lima João L. do Carmo , Maria-Ferreira Daniele , Rodrigues João F. S. , Quintão Nara L. M. , Monteiro-Neto Valério , Paes Antônio M. A. , Fernandes Elizabeth S.
Published: August 2023

Sugar-induced metabolic imbalances are a major health problem since an excessive consumption of saccharides has been linked to greater obesity rates at a global level. Sucrose, a disaccharide composed of 50% glucose and 50% fructose, is commonly used in the food industry and found in a range of fast, restaurant, and processed foods. Herein, we investigated the effects of a TRPC4/TRPC5 blocker, ML204, in the metabolic imbalances triggered by early exposure to sucrose-enriched diet in mice. TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the family of non-selective Ca+2 channels known as transient receptor potential channels. High-sucrose (HS)-fed animals with hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, were accompanied by increased body mass index. mesenteric adipose tissue accumulation with larger diameter cells and hepatic steatosis in comparison to those fed normal diet. HS mice also exhibited enhanced adipose, liver, and pancreas TNFα and VEGF levels. ML204 exacerbated hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, fat tissue deposition, hepatic steatosis, and adipose tissue and liver TNFα in HS-fed mice. Normal mice treated with the blocker had greater hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue cell numbers/diameter than those receiving vehicle, but showed no significant changes in tissue inflammation, glucose, and lipid levels. The results indicate that TRPC4/TRPC5 protect against the metabolic imbalances caused by HS ingestion.
Advanced Light Source Technologies for Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancer Lesions
Authors: Algorri José Francisco , López-Higuera José Miguel , Rodríguez-Cobo Luís , Cobo Adolfo
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly popular dermatological treatment not only used for life-threatening skin conditions and other tumors but also for cosmetic purposes. PDT has negligible effects on underlying functional structures, enabling tissue regeneration feasibility. PDT uses a photosensitizer (PS) and visible light to create cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, which can damage cellular organelles and trigger cell death. The foundations of modern photodynamic therapy began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in recent times, it has gained more attention due to the development of new sources and PSs. This review focuses on the latest advancements in light technology for PDT in treating skin cancer lesions. It discusses recent research and developments in light-emitting technologies, their potential benefits and drawbacks, and their implications for clinical practice. Finally, this review summarizes key findings and discusses their implications for the use of PDT in skin cancer treatment, highlighting the limitations of current approaches and providing insights into future research directions to improve both the efficacy and safety of PDT. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT for skin cancer treatment, covering various aspects ranging from the underlying mechanisms to the latest technological advancements in the field.
Physical Characterization to Improve Scalability and Potential of Anesthetic-Loaded Nanodroplets
Authors: Ting Siulam Ginni , Lea-Banks Harriet , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: August 2023

Drug-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) can be activated non-invasively by focused ultrasound (FUS) and allow for precise drug-delivery. Anesthetic-loaded NDs and transcranial FUS have previously achieved targeted neuromodulation. To assess the clinical potential of anesthetic-loaded NDs, in depth physical characterization and investigation of storage strategies and triggered-activation is necessary. Pentobarbital-loaded decafluorobutane nanodroplets (PBNDs) with a Definity-derived lipid shell (237 nm; 4.08 × 109 particles/mL) were fabricated and assessed. Change in droplet stability, concentration, and drug-release efficacy were tested for PBNDs frozen at −80 °C over 4 weeks. PBND diameter and the polydispersity index of thawed droplets remained consistent up to 14 days frozen. Cryo-TEM images revealed NDs begin to lose circularity at 7 days, and by 14 days, perfluorocarbon dissolution and lipid fragmentation occurred. The level of acoustic response and drug release decreases through prolonged storage. PBNDs showed no hemolytic activity at clinically relevant concentrations and conditions. At increasing sonication pressures, liquid PBNDs vaporized into gas microbubbles, and acoustic activity at the second harmonic frequency (2 f0) peaked at lower pressures than the subharmonic frequency (1/2 f0). Definity-based PBNDs have been thoroughly characterized, cryo-TEM has been shown to be suitable to image the internal structure of volatile NDs, and PBNDs can be reliably stored at −80 °C for future use up to 7 days without significant degradation, loss of acoustic response, or reduction in ultrasound-triggered drug release.
Lysine-Dendrimer, a New Non-Aggressive Solution to Rebalance the Microbiota of Acne-Prone Skin
Authors: Leignadier Julie , Drago Marie , Lesouhaitier Olivier , Barreau Magalie , Dashi Albert , Worsley Oliver , Attia-Vigneau Joan
Published: August 2023

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects the quality of life of patients. Several treatments exist for acne, but their effectiveness tends to decrease over time due to increasing resistance to treatment and associated side effects. To circumvent these issues, a new approach has emerged that involves combating the pathogen Cutibacterium acnes while maintaining the homeostasis of the skin microbiome. Recently, it was shown that the use of a G2 lysine dendrigraft (G2 dendrimer) could specifically decrease the C. acnes phylotype (IAI) involved in acne, compared to non-acne-causing C. acnes (phylotype II) bacteria. In the present study, we demonstrate that the efficacy of this technology is related to its 3D structure, which, in contrast to the linear form, significantly decreases the inflammation factor (IL-8) linked to acne. In addition, our in-vitro data confirm the specific activity of the G2 dendrimer: after treatment of bacterial cultures and biofilms, the G2 dendrimer affected neither non-acneic C. acnes nor commensal bacteria of the skin (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis, and Corynebacterium minutissimum). In parallel, comparative in-vitro and in-vivo studies with traditional over-the-counter molecules showed G2’s effects on the survival of commensal bacteria and the reduction of acne outbreaks. Finally, metagenomic analysis of the cutaneous microbiota of volunteers who applied a finished cosmetic product containing the G2 dendrimer confirmed the ability of G2 to rebalance cutaneous acne microbiota dysbiosis while maintaining commensal bacteria. These results confirm the value of using this G2 dendrimer to gently prevent the appearance of acne vulgaris while respecting the cutaneous microbiota.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Submarine Cable Route Planning Based on the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Zanshan , Wang Jingting , Gao Guanjun , Wang Haoyu , Wang Daobin
Published: August 2023

It is essential to design an appropriate submarine cable route to reduce costs and improve reliability. A methodology that can be used for multi-objective optimization in submarine cable route planning is proposed and numerically studied in this paper. The costs and risks are numerically assessed and mapped to the geographical map. The pheromone and heuristic functions of the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm are associated with the geographical map of costs and risks, which enables it to search for a submarine cable route with multi-objective optimization. The results show that the submarine cable route designed by the methodology can effectively avoid high-cost and high-risk regions, which means that the designed submarine cable route is cost-effective and highly reliability.
Compact Design for Bi-Polarization Quantum Routers on SOI Platform
Authors: Dai Zijie , Pan Eryi , Chen Xuefeng , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Liang Ying
Published: August 2023

An ultra-compact optical quantum router (QR) consisting of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and waveguide tapers is proposed and numerically simulated, using silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The interferometer is designed to work at the center wavelength of 1550 nm with visibilities of 99.65% and 98.80% for TE and TM polarizations, respectively. Using the principle of phase compensation and self-image, the length of the waveguide tapers is shortened by an order of magnitude with the transmission above 95% for both TE and TM polarizations. Furthermore, polarization beam splitters (PBS) with an ultra-compact footprint of 1.4 × 10.4 μm2 with transmissions of 98% for bi-polarizations are achieved by introducing anisotropic metamaterials. The simulated results indicate that the interferometer facilitates low loss, a broad operating spectral range, and a large tolerance to size variation in fabrications. The optical switch possesses the routing function while maintaining the polarization states, which promises to pave the point-to-point BB84 protocol into applications of network-based quantum communication.
Phenol–Furfural Resin/Graphite/Ag-Based Electrically Conductive Adhesive Composites from Waste Bagasse with Enhanced Thermo-Electric Properties
Authors: Zehra Syeda Mahnoor , Bibi Maryam , Mahmood Azhar , Khattak Abraiz , Asad Muhammad Zeeshan , Zehra Syeda Hijab
Published: August 2023

This study describes the preparation and evaluation of phenol–furfural resin (PFR) from bagasse and its nanocomposites for electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) application. PFR was prepared with furfural extracted from bagasse using a modified acid digestion method. Three different formulations of PFR nanocomposites with conductive nanoparticles, i.e., PFR-silver, PFR-graphite, and PFR-silver + graphite, were prepared using 20, 40, and 60 w/w% of fillers via the impregnation method. The resultant products were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and XRD spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity was measured using a four-probe technique, while band gap was calculated via Tauc plots. The results exhibited a significant rise in electrical conductivity of insulating virgin PFR from 2.6 × 10−4 Scm−1 to 8.2 × 10−1 Scm−1 with a 40 and 20 w/w% blend of Ag and graphite in PFR. This synergism was exhibited because graphite and Ag NPs supply excellent junctions for building networks. Both tend to coalesce due to van der Waals forces and high surface energies. Therefore, conductive pathway numbers can be increased, and the contact area can be effectively enlarged. This ternary composite exhibited the lowest bandgap energy value, i.e., 3.1 eV. Thermogravimetric temperature values T0 and Tdeg were increased up to 120 °C and 484 °C, respectively, showing a significant increase in thermal stability. Therefore, the resultant nanocomposite material has good potential to be employed as an ECA in the electronic industry.
Synthesis of Iron Oxides and Influence on Final Sizes and Distribution in Bacterial Cellulose Applications
Authors: de Souza Thaís Cavalcante , Costa Andréa Fernanda de Santana , Vinhas Gloria Maria , Sarubbo Leonie Asfora
Published: August 2023

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been investigated due to their suitable characteristics for diverse applications in the fields of biomedicine, electronics, water or wastewater treatment and sensors. Maghemite, magnetite and hematite are the most widely studied iron oxide particles and have ferrimagnetic characteristics. When very small, however, these particles have superparamagnetic properties and are called superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Several methods are used for the production of these particles, such as coprecipitation, thermal decomposition and microemulsion. However, the variables of the different types of synthesis must be assessed to achieve greater control over the particles produced. In some studies, it is possible to compare the influence of variations in the factors for production with each of these methods. Thus, researchers use different adaptations of synthesis based on each objective and type of application. With coprecipitation, it is possible to obtain smaller, more uniform particles with adjustments in temperature, pH and the types of reagents used in the process. With thermal decomposition, greater control is needed over the time, temperature and proportion of surfactants and organic and aqueous phases in order to produce smaller particles and a narrower size distribution. With the microemulsion process, the control of the confinement of the micelles formed during synthesis through the proportions of surfactant and oil makes the final particles smaller and less dispersed. These nanoparticles can be used as additives for the creation of new materials, such as magnetic bacterial cellulose, which has different innovative applications. Composites that have SPIONs, which are produced with greater rigour with regards to their size and distribution, have superparamagnetic properties and can be used in medical applications, whereas materials containing larger particles have ferromagnetic applications. To arrive at a particular particle with specific characteristics, researchers must be attentive to both the mechanism selected and the production variables to ensure greater quality and control of the materials produced.
Investigation of Helix-Pultruded CFRP Rebar Geometry Variants for Carbon-Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Wohlfahrt Daniel , Peller Hannes Franz Maria , Müller Steffen , Modler Niels , Mechtcherine Viktor
Published: August 2023

Carbon concrete is a new, promising class of materials in the construction industry. This corrosion-resistant reinforcement material leads to a reduction in the concrete cover required for medial shielding. This enables lean construction and the conservation of concrete and energy-intensive cement manufacturing. Bar-type reinforcement is essential for heavily loaded structures. The newly developed helix pultrusion is the first process capable of producing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement bars with a topological surface in a single pultrusion process step, with fiber orientation tailored to the specific loads. The manufacturing feasibility and load-bearing capacity were thoroughly tested and compared with other design and process variants. Approaches to increase stiffness and strength while maintaining good concrete anchorage have been presented and fabricated. Tensile testing of the helical rebar variants with a 7.2 mm lead-bearing cross-section was conducted using adapted wedge grips with a 300 mm restraint length. The new helix geometry variants achieved, on average, 40% higher strengths and almost reached the values of the base material. Concrete pull-out tests were carried out to evaluate the bond properties. The helix contour design caused the bar to twist out of the concrete test specimen. Utilizing the Rilem beam test setup, the helical contour bars could also be tested. Compared with the original helix variant, the pull-out forces could be increased from 8.5 kN to up to 22.4 kN, i.e., by a factor of 2.5. It was thus possible to derive a preferred solution that is optimally suited for use in carbon concrete.
Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of the Rheological Properties of Ground Tire Rubber and Styrene Butadiene Styrene Compound-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Wu Chunli , Tan Xiaoshu , Li Liding , Liang Chunyu , Zhao Yongchao , Li Hanjun , Wang Fuen , Zhang Long
Published: August 2023

With the increase in highway traffic volume, many waste tires are being produced, which puts serious pressure on the global ecological environment. Processing waste tires into powder and adding them to asphalt is an important and effective way to solve this noticeable environmental challenge. In this paper, to produce ground tire rubber (GTR) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) compound-modified asphalt, GTR was put into SBS-modified asphalt (GTRSA). Subsequently, some ordinary property tests, frequency sweep tests, and multiple stress creep recovery tests were conducted to investigate the conventional properties and rheological properties of GTRSA. Moreover, the 2S2P1D (two springs, two parabolic elements, and one dashpot) model was adopted to analyze the consequences of adding GTR content on the rheological properties of GTRSA. Finally, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to reveal the connection between the conventional properties and the rheological properties. The results show that GTR has a great impact on improving the rutting resistance, thermo-sensitive performance, shear resistance capability, stress sensitivity, and creep recovery performance of GTRSA. Adding 20% GTR can improve the creep recovery rate to 80.8%. The 5 °C ductility index suggests that GTR makes a difference to the low-temperature properties. The rheological properties and conventional properties had a strong linear link.
Development of Support Layers and Their Impact on the Performance of Thin Film Composite Membranes (TFC) for Water Treatment
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhou Rui , Peng Xue , Li Nan , Dai Zhao
Published: August 2023

Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have gained significant attention as an appealing membrane technology due to their reversible fouling and potential cost-effectiveness. Previous studies have predominantly focused on improving the selective layers to enhance membrane performance. However, the importance of improving the support layers has been increasingly recognized. Therefore, in this review, preparation methods for the support layer, including the traditional phase inversion method and the electrospinning (ES) method, as well as the construction methods for the support layer with a polyamide (PA) layer, are analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of the support layers on the performance of the TFC membrane is presented. This review aims to encourage the exploration of suitable support membranes to enhance the performance of TFC membranes and extend their future applications.
Additive Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Cork Composites for Material Extrusion Technologies
Authors: Alvarez Gómez Mario , Moreno Nieto Daniel , Moreno Sánchez Daniel , Sanz de León Alberto , Molina Rubio Sergio
Published: August 2023

Among the material extrusion technologies of additive manufacturing, fused granular fabrication is playing a bigger role in the industry. The increase in the size of printers demands extrusion systems with higher deposition rates that facilitate printing larger parts in shorter times with a need for cost reduction. This cost reduction in fused granular fabrication systems is due to the utilisation of pellets as the material source for the prints, such as pellets that are the most common way of distributing polymeric materials in industry and do not need the usual previous transformation into filaments. Most of the polymers in the industry can be found in the shape of pellets, so the opportunities for developing new materials beside the traditional filaments found in the market are expanding. In this research, a novel composite material has been developed based on the blending of commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and cork particles obtained from industrial waste at different concentrations. These materials have been processed at a laboratory scale, and their mechanical, thermal and rheological properties have been studied. Despite a 53.52% reduction in the maximum stress on the x-axis, an 81.82% decrease in the values obtained with specimens oriented on the z-axis and a shortage in the deformation values, the results reveal a remarkable weight reduction leading to 21.31% when compared to the TPU of the blends,. These results may open a path to further explore these blends and find suitable applications in industry as proposed.
Self-Oscillating Liquid Crystal Elastomer Helical Spring Oscillator with Combined Tension and Torsion
Authors: Ge Dali , Dai Yuntong , Li Kai
Published: August 2023

Self-oscillation is the autonomous maintenance of continuous periodic motion through energy absorption from non-periodic external stimuli, making it particularly attractive for fabricating soft robots, energy-absorbing devices, mass transport devices, and so on. Inspired by the self-oscillating system that presents high degrees of freedom and diverse complex oscillatory motions, we created a self-oscillating helical spring oscillator with combined tension and torsion under steady illumination, among which a mass block and a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) helical spring made with LCE wire are included. Considering the well-established helical spring model and the dynamic LCE model, a nonlinear dynamic model of the LCE helical spring oscillator under steady illumination is proposed. From numerical calculation, the helical spring oscillator upon exposure to steady illumination possesses two motion regimes, which are the static regime and the self-tension–torsion regime. Contraction of the LCE wire under illumination is necessary to generate the self-tension–torsion of the helical spring oscillator, with its continuous periodic motion being maintained by the mutual balance between light energy input and damping dissipation. Additionally, the critical conditions for triggering the self-tension–torsion, as well as the vital system parameters affecting its frequencies and amplitudes of the translation and the rotation, were investigated in detail. This self-tension–torsion helical spring oscillator is unique in its customizable mechanical properties via its structural design, small material strain but large structural displacement, and ease of manufacture. We envision a future of novel designs for soft robotics, energy harvesters, active machinery, and so on.
Review on Wood Deformation and Cracking during Moisture Loss
Authors: Fu Zongying , Chen Jiaxing , Zhang Yongyue , Xie Feifan , Lu Yun
Published: August 2023

Wood, being a natural hygroscopic material, the interaction between wood and moisture plays a crucial role in wood processing and utilization. Moisture affects the physical and mechanical properties of wood, and is also one of the main external factors that cause wood deformation and cracking. Drying shrinkage is a common phenomenon during the processing and utilization of wood induced by moisture loss. Drying stress is the main cause of wood deformation and cracking. The shrinkage differential between tangential and radial direction and moisture content gradient of wood are two reasons induced the generation of drying stresses. In this review, the existing states of moisture in wood and the interaction between water molecules and wood components were systematically summarized. The current research progress and deficiencies in three aspects including the factors resulted in deformation and cracking in wood caused by moisture loss, the correlation between wood mechanical properties and moisture, as well as the development of deformation and cracking in wood under moisture loss were discussed. This review aims to facilitate further research on the deformation and cracking of wood under moisture loss by providing valuable insights and assistance, ultimately reducing the occurrence of wood deformation and cracking. And thus, it will enhance the overall utilization of wood resources, making wood better serve human life.
On Prayer and Dialectic in Modern Jewish Philosophy: Hermann Cohen and Franz Rosenzweig
Authors: Pinkas Ronen
Published: August 2023

This paper is founded on two philosophical assumptions. The first is that there is a difference between two patterns of recognition: the dialectical and the dialogical. The second assumption is that the origins of the dialogical pattern may be found in the relationship between human beings and God, a relationship in which prayer has a major role. The second assumption leads to the supposition that the emphasis of the dialogic approach on moral responsibility is theologically grounded. In other words, the relationship between humanity and God serves as a paradigm for human relationships. By focusing on Hermann Cohen and Franz Rosenzweig, in the context of prayer and dialectic, this paper highlights the complexity of these themes in modern Jewish thought. These two important philosophers utilize dialectical reasoning while also criticizing it and offering an alternative. The conclusions of their thought, in general, and their position on prayer, in particular, demonstrate a preference for a relational way of thinking over a dialectical one, but without renouncing the latter.