bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Methods for Computing Photometric Variability of Eccentric Binaries: Boosting, Lensing, and Variable Accretion
Authors: D’Orazio Daniel J. , Duffell Paul C. , Tiede Christopher
Published: December 2024

We analyze accretion-rate time series for equal-mass binaries in coplanar gaseous disks spanning a continuous range of orbital eccentricities up to 0.8 for both prograde and retrograde systems. The dominant variability timescales match those of previous investigations; the binary orbital period is dominant for prograde binaries with e ≳ 0.1, with a 5 × longer “lump” period taking over for e ≲ 0.1. This lump period fades and drops from 5 × to 4.5 × the binary period as e approaches 0.1, where it vanishes. For retrograde orbits, the binary orbital period dominates at e ≲ 0.55 and is accompanied by a 2 × longer timescale periodicity at higher eccentricities. The shape of the accretion-rate time series varies with binary eccentricity. For prograde systems, the orientation of an eccentric disk causes periodic trading of accretion between the binary components in a ratio that we report as a function of binary eccentricity. We present a publicly available tool, binlite, that can rapidly (≲0.01 s) generate templates for the accretion-rate time series onto either binary component for choice of binary eccentricity below 0.8. As an example use case, we build lightcurve models where the accretion rate through the circumbinary disk and onto each binary component sets contributions to the emitted specific flux. We combine these rest-frame, accretion-variability lightcurves with observer-dependent Doppler boosting and binary self-lensing. This allows a flexible approach to generating lightcurves over a wide range of binary and observer parameter space. We envision binlite as the access point to a living database that will be updated with state-of-the-art hydrodynamical calculations as they advance.
Turbulent Transport Characteristics of the Particles within Pulsar Wind Nebulae 3C58 and G54.1+0.3
Authors: Lu Fang-Wu , Zhu Bo-Tao , Hu Wen , Zhang Li
Published: December 2024

Turbulent transport characteristics of the particles within two Crab-like pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), 3C58 and G54.1+0.3, are investigated in the framework of a time-dependent turbulent diffusion model. The model takes the gyroresonant interactions between the particles and turbulent waves into account, which enables us to self-consistently determine the energy and spatial coefficients of particles within the nebula via the distributions of turbulent waves. Our application of the model to the multiband emission from 3C58 and G54.1+0.3 reveals the following. (1) The energy and spatial diffusion coefficients seem to follow quasi-linear distributions in the Kolmogorov-type turbulence, but consistent with nonlinear distributions at low energies in the Kraichnan-type turbulence due to the effects of the turbulent scattering. (2) The stochastic acceleration and spatial diffusion processes may play a role in modifying the electron spectrum in the Kolmogorov-type turbulence, whereas in the Kraichnan-type turbulence the energy exchange between the turbulent waves and particles is more efficient, resulting in more significant effects of the stochastic acceleration and spatial diffusion processes on the electron spectrum at the low energies of E
e ≲ 1 TeV. (3) At the high energies of E
e ≳ 1 TeV, the diffusion transport appears to be less effective for the evolution of the particles within 3C58 and G54.1+0.3 because the synchrotron radiative cooling process dominates over the particle transport. These two Crab-like PWNe are expected to be electron PeVatrons in the Galaxy, with a common slow diffusion escape occurring in both 3C58 and G54.1+0.3.
Completing the web: identifying sampling bias and knowledge gaps within South African spider surveys (Arachnida, Araneae)
Authors: van der Mescht Aileen C. , Haddad Charles R. , Foord Stefan H. , Dippenaar-Schoeman Ansie S.
Published: December 2024

Species distribution datasets are fundamental for macroecological studies, although there is an overarching need to ensure that these datasets are representative of the entire community. Shortfalls, or knowledge gaps, within biodiversity datasets originate for a range of reasons, and can lead to incorrect conclusions or recommendations being drawn. Spatial scale influences the interpretations of diversity patterns and thus is an important aspect to consider. South Africa has a rich history of spider sampling and as such, it is possible to investigate the influence that scale, both spatial and taxonomic, has on the overall interpretations of how complete the spider knowledge base is in the country. To do this, we draw on curated natural history spider collections and determine how complete the spider assemblages are across twelve unique combinations of taxonomic and spatial scales. Overall, we received 121 605 usable records from seven collections, with spider records and diversity, being concentrated along the eastern and coastal regions of South Africa. We show that assemblage completeness increases with both increasing taxonomic and spatial scales, and as such, knowledge of the distribution of spider families at the biome level is largely complete. Moreover, we show that our fine-scale knowledge of spider assemblages in South Africa is relatively poor, yet we do identify, even at fine scales, assemblages in South Africa that can be considered complete. We identify under-sampled regions of the country, which in turn are congruent with the distribution of under-sampled regions found in other South African invertebrate groups. We show that the scaling of completeness can only be interpreted in one direction: as scale increases so does completeness. These findings will have important implications for spider research and conservation in South Africa, given that regions where completeness is highest correspond strongly to areas in South Africa with the highest threats to biodiversity.
Multiple old differentiation centres around the Alps and complex range expansion patterns in a semi-aquatic insect: the phylogeny and biogeography of the Wormaldia occipitalis species complex (Trichoptera)
Authors: Mewis Valentine , Neu Peter , Schmitt Thomas
Published: December 2024

The understanding of cryptic species complexes with their often highly interesting biogeographical patterns is still a crucial aspect in evolutionary biology and related disciplines. Trichoptera are a group of insects particularly rich in unresolved groups. One example is the Wormaldia occipitalis species complex in which morphological studies suggest remarkable patterns of differentiation. In order to determine genetic differentiation and phylogenetic structure, one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear markers (CAD, wingless) were analysed for the W. occipitalis species complex around the Alps and northwards to Germany. The morphology-defined differentiation pattern was also observed at the genetic level. The morphologically well distinguishable groups W. occipitalis and W. subterranea were identified as two genetically distant monophyletic groups with about 10 % genetic divergence of the mitochondrial marker. These two taxa likely split during the Mio-Pliocene transition. Genetic analyses revealed four subgroups within W. occipitalis and three within W. subterranea. Several possible postglacial dispersal and differentiation processes are proposed. Thereby, W. occipitalis from the western Alps and individuals of W. subterranea from the eastern Alps spread towards Central Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum. Today, both species groups are sympatric and partly syntopic in the recolonised area in western Germany but apparently allopatric in their centres of origin around the Alps. The high genetic differentiation, lack of detectable genetic evidence for hybridisation, their syntopic distribution and the morphological distinctness indicate that W. occipitalis and W. subterranea are two distinct species. The genetically determined subgroups might represent subspecies.
La composante allocentrée du bien-être au travail pour les professeurs de l’enseignement public secondaire en France
Authors: Juban Jean-Yves , Bonnet Christophe
Published: December 2024

À partir des récits de vie professionnelle de 22 professeurs de l’enseignement public secondaire en France, cette recherche a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le bien-être au travail (BET) pour les enseignants. Nos résultats montrent que la conception eudémonique du BET repose sur le dépassement du matérialisme, mais revêt aussi et surtout un aspect allocentré (au sens de « tourné vers les autres »), que nous proposons d’étudier dans cet article. On constate en effet dans les discours des narrateurs que le BET est alimenté non pas seulement par des éléments matériels et/ou égocentrés tels que le confort ou la carrière et ses conséquences sur la rémunération, mais aussi par des éléments à la fois non matériels et allocentrés. Nous proposons alors d’enrichir les conceptions actuellement connues du BET, par la prise en compte d’une nouvelle composante du BET eudémonique : l’allocentrisme au service d’un bien-être collectif. Sur le plan pratique, les implications managériales de cet enrichissement sont envisagées et discutées.
Quand l’État veut « faire bouger ». Émergence de la prescription de l’activité physique dans les politiques de santé françaises
Authors: Perrin Claire , Perrier Clément
Published: December 2024

Dès les années 2000, l’activité physique (AP) a été mobilisée dans les politiques publiques de santé en prenant appui sur une approche nutritionnelle, avant de devenir progressivement une catégorie d’action publique à part entière. Le référentiel des politiques publiques concernées par l’AP a alors évolué jusqu’à faire de la prescription le modèle dominant. Malgré l’investissement intense et rapide de l’État, la prescription d’activité physique peine à se généraliser et se heurte à de nombreux freins.
Les clubs professionnels de football. Objets économiques, objets politiques
Authors: Lestrelin Ludovic
Published: December 2024

Les clubs européens de football ont connu ces trois dernières décennies des transformations juridiques et organisationnelles profondes. Confinant les supporters dans le rôle de clients ou de créateurs d’ambiance, ce nouveau football professionnel repose sur un modèle de gouvernance des clubs qui a stimulé leur développement économique sans garantir le respect de leur passé et de leurs spécificités territoriales.
Le sport au service de la stratégie d’influence des monarchies du Golfe
Authors: Gillon Pascal
Published: December 2024

Les monarchies du Golfe, Qatar en tête, utilisent le sport comme support de leur stratégie de communication politique afin d’améliorer leur image. Fortes de capacités financières imposantes, elles vont jusqu’à bouleverser le milieu sportif pour promouvoir leur réputation. Au-delà de l’image, c’est aussi toute une politique de diversification économique qui se met en place en synergie avec l’industrie touristique.
Examination of empirical and Machine Learning methods for regression of missing or invalid solar radiation data using routine meteorological data as predictors
Authors: Soulis Konstantinos X , Nikitakis Evangelos E , Katsogiannou Aikaterini N , Kalivas Dionissios P
Published: December 2024

Sensors are prone to malfunction, leading to blank or erroneous measurements that cannot be ignored in most practical applications. Therefore, data users are always looking for efficient methods to substitute missing values with accurate estimations. Traditionally, empirical methods have been used for this purpose, but with the increasing accessibility and effectiveness of Machine Learning (ML) methods, it is plausible that the former will be replaced by the latter. In this study, we aimed to provide some insights on the state of this question using the network of meteorological stations installed and operated by the GIS Research Unit of the Agricultural University of Athens in Nemea, Greece as a test site for the estimation of daily average solar radiation. Routine weather parameters from ten stations in a period spanning 1,548 days were collected, curated, and used for the training, calibration, and validation of different iterations of two empirical equations and three iterations each of Random Forest (RF) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). The results indicated that while ML methods, and especially RNNs, are in general more accurate than their empirical counterparts, the investment in technical knowledge, time, and processing capacity they require for their implementation cannot constitute them as a panacea, as such selection for the best method is case-sensitive. Future research directions could include the examination of more location-specific models or the integration of readily available spatiotemporal indicators to increase model generalization.
Adaptive algorithms for change point detection in financial time series
Authors: Musaev Alexander , Grigoriev Dmitry , Kolosov Maxim
Published: December 2024

The detection of change points in chaotic and non-stationary time series presents a critical challenge for numerous practical applications, particularly in fields such as finance, climatology, and engineering. Traditional statistical methods, grounded in stationary models, are often ill-suited to capture the dynamics of processes governed by stochastic chaos. This paper explores modern approaches to change point detection, focusing on multivariate regression analysis and machine learning techniques. We demonstrate the limitations of conventional models and propose hybrid methods that leverage long-term correlations and metric-based learning to improve detection accuracy. Our study presents comparative analyses of existing early detection techniques and introduces advanced algorithms tailored to non-stationary environments, including online and offline segmentation strategies. By applying these methods to financial market data, particularly in monitoring currency pairs like EUR/USD, we illustrate how dynamic filtering and multiregression analysis can significantly enhance the identification of change points. The results underscore the importance of adapting detection models to the specific characteristics of chaotic data, offering practical solutions for improving decision-making in complex systems. Key findings reveal that while no universal solution exists for detecting change points in chaotic time series, integrating machine learning and multivariate approaches allows for more robust and adaptive forecasting models. The work highlights the potential for future advancements in neural network applications and multi-expert decision systems, further enhancing predictive accuracy in volatile environments.
Le bracelet de Taga
Authors: Geraudie Elric
Published: December 2024

Collecté en 1904 lors d’une affaire criminelle coloniale, le bracelet de Taga, une pièce en bois provenant du nord du Vanuatu, intègre la collection de Louis Joseph Bouge, où il sert à valoriser son propriétaire. Dans ce cadre, il semble qu’il ait été intégré à un échange de dons, dans le contexte du mariage de ce collectionneur érudit avec Emma Quille devenue Bouge. Bien plus tard, le bracelet réintègre la collection de son premier propriétaire, puis est légué par la veuve de Louis Joseph au musée des Beaux-Arts de Chartres. En envisageant ce parcours sous l’angle de la biographie émerge ainsi une succession de rôles sociaux permettant de s’interroger sur la singularisation des objets, leur agentivité comme « trophées » et leur place au sein de dons non agonistiques.
Inji Efflatoun entre le pinceau et la plume : « L’exposition de la révolutionnaire »
Authors: Atallah Nadine
Published: December 2024

La première exposition personnelle d’Inji Efflatoun (1924-1989) eut lieu à la galerie ADAM, au Caire, en mars 1952. Figure de premier plan de l’art moderne en Égypte, Efflatoun se distingua par sa double carrière de peintre et de militante marxiste, féministe et anticolonialiste. Alors qu’elle poursuivait en parallèle sa formation artistique, elle organisa son exposition dans un contexte historique brûlant : la guerre de Suez, qui annonçait la révolution du mois de juillet et l’accélération du combat pour l’indépendance nationale. L’étude des œuvres d’Efflatoun, qui dénoncent les ravages du colonialisme sur les populations les plus défavorisées, en particulier les femmes des campagnes, permet de mettre au jour des stratégies discursives développées par l’artiste pour diffuser ses opinions. En observant les allers et retours entre sa peinture et ses écrits, il est possible d’appréhender l’exposition de mars 1952 comme un manifeste pour un art engagé auprès de la société de son temps.
Construire le goût pour la Renaissance française : les pérégrinations des dames de Germain Pilon au xixe siècle
Authors: Gain Justine
Published: December 2024

Au xixe siècle, à mesure que l’idée de musée prend forme de manière significative dans le paysage francilien, apparaissent les premières tentatives en matière de muséographie et de restauration. L’exercice de la biographie d’objets, celle de quatre sculptures féminines en bois alors attribuées à Germain Pilon, permet d’explorer ces phénomènes qui s’entrelacent. Le parcours de ces figures qui soutenaient jadis la châsse de sainte Geneviève, dans l’église parisienne du même nom, illustre autant la pratique muséale d’une époque que son goût croissant pour la Renaissance française. Cette étude se propose d’analyser les pérégrinations du groupe durant le xixe siècle, ainsi que les diverses pratiques qui ont permis son exposition au sein de trois institutions, elles-mêmes capitales dans l’histoire des collections : le musée des Monuments français, le Louvre ainsi que les Galeries historiques de Versailles.
Analyse psychosociale et critique d’un dispositif participatif de promotion à la santé sexuelle
Authors: Mahmoud Marwa , Mirza Nathalie Muller
Published: December 2024

Avec le présent article, nous cherchons à contribuer aux réflexions critiques sur les rapports de pouvoir qui traversent sur différents plans, interpersonnel, institutionnel et politique, les pratiques participatives dites inclusives. À partir de l’analyse d’un dispositif de promotion à la santé sexuelle, destiné à des communautés musulmanes en Suisse, nous mettons en lumière un paradoxe entre, d’une part, l’intention d’inclusion d’une population considérée comme minorisée et, d’autre part, les mécanismes d’altérisation à l’œuvre au sein de la communication entre les différents acteurs du dispositif. En adoptant une approche socioculturelle et dialogique en psychologie et une méthodologie compréhensive combinant analyse de documents, entretiens semi-directifs, observations participantes et identification d’incidents critiques, nous examinons les dynamiques psychosociales qui s’actualisent entre les acteur·rice·s impliqué·e·s dans le dispositif et mettons en évidence des hiatus que nous appelons tensions dialogiques entre les différentes perspectives. Nos résultats montrent que des processus d’altérisation sont à l’œuvre et traversent l’ensemble du dispositif, de sa conception à sa mise en œuvre durant des ateliers de formation. L’étude contribue ainsi à éclairer certains des mécanismes de maintien des rapports de pouvoir au sein même des interactions qui ont lieu dans un dispositif participatif.
Misogynie, homophobie, racisme et harcèlement en ligne
Authors: Bourdaa Mélanie , Escurignan Julie
Published: December 2024

Résumé : Si historiquement les recherches sur les fans ont plutôt souligné les côtés positifs de l’engagement des fans, les pratiques de ces derniers ne sont pas dénuées d’aspects négatifs. Les pratiques toxiques de fans attirent de plus en plus l’attention des chercheurs tant en France qu’à l’échelle internationale. Dans ce sens, ce dossier présente les travaux de chercheurs francophones qui se sont intéressés à ces phénomènes particuliers. Les articles ont été regroupés en trois axes principaux : un axe consacré à des cas d’école de comportements toxiques, un autre aux questions d’éthique, et un dernier centré sur les liens entre politiques et fans. Ces articles présentent trois points communs majeurs : des méthodologies de collecte des données en ligne, des terrains numériques et des sujets contemporains. Le dossier présente donc des perspectives différentes, mais complémentaires sur les pratiques toxiques de fans.
« Les modos je baise vos mères 😊 »
Authors: Barnabé Fanny
Published: December 2024

Résumé : Cette contribution propose d’étudier la manière dont se construisent les normes discursives et l’interprétation de la toxicité dans le contexte du streaming sur Twitch, à travers une analyse de discours portant sur le format du « Tribunal des bannis ». Dans celui-ci, les discussions des usagers donnent à voir le déroulement d’un processus interprétatif permettant de donner sens aux énoncés émis sur la plateforme, ainsi que les ressources et indices formels utilisés pour soutenir ce travail d’interprétation. Néanmoins, l’inscription des discussions dans un cadre spectaculaire, où le second degré, la parodie et le jeu sont omniprésents, complique l’appréhension de ce qui est un discours sérieusement condamné. À partir de quel moment un énoncé est-il perçu comme un acte littéral de violence, ou comme une parodie jouant adéquatement avec les frontières de ce qui est socialement acceptable ? Quels sont les marqueurs pragmatiques mobilisés par les communautés d’utilisateurs pour interpréter les messages comme étant tantôt drôles, tantôt dérangeants, acceptables ou indicibles, violents ou créateurs de cohésion ? En exposant les critères qui servent à effectuer ce tri sur les chaînes de neuf streamers, cet article montre que l’interprétation des messages est guidée par trois cadres interprétatifs : scénographique, social et légal.
« Il est acceptable de rire de quelqu’un qui a besoin d’apprendre une leçon ».
Authors: D. Reinhard CarrieLynn , Hautsch Jessica , Howell Linda
Published: December 2024

Résumé : Cet article se penche sur deux aspects de plus en plus importants dans les études sur les fans : le fandom toxique et les intersections entre la politique et le fandom. L’analyse cherche à comprendre comment l’affiliation politique d’un fan influe sur ses interactions avec d’autres fans d’une manière qui pourrait être considérée comme « toxique » pour la stabilité de la communauté des fans. Cette étude s’intéresse principalement aux pratiques de contrôle et de surveillance des frontières en rapport avec les différences de croyances et d’appartenance politiques. Un mélange d’analyse statistique et d’analyse thématique explore les chevauchements entre le fandom et les appartenances politiques des individus, et révèle que l’affiliation politique a un impact sur les expressions publiques et les sentiments personnels concernant leur fandom. En outre, une série d’actions et de réactions sont notées dans les souvenirs des fans concernant l’engagement de la différence au sein de leur fandom. Dans l’ensemble, ce n’est peut-être pas l’affiliation politique qui est à l’origine de la toxicité au sein d’une communauté de fans, mais plutôt les perceptions et les réactions de chacun des membres face à une certaine forme de différence.
La science-fiction comme espace d’exploration des variétés de post-capitalisme ?
Authors: Rumpala Yannick
Published: December 2024

Résumé : S’intéressant aux espaces où peuvent être imaginés des possibilités de transformation de l’ordre économique dominant, cette contribution propose d’examiner plus particulièrement différentes formes de futurs post-capitalistes représentées dans la science-fiction et d’évaluer les ressources projectives qu’elles contiennent. Elle déploie cette démarche en considérant que le regard sur les « économies diverses », celles souvent rendues moins visibles par le système économique prééminent, doit aussi s’intéresser à la fiction et au rôle créatif des imaginaires, tournés vers l’avenir en l’occurrence. L’article précise d’abord en quoi la science-fiction peut aussi participer à l’imagination politique, précisément du fait de ses capacités de problématisation et d’exploration. L’étape suivante consiste à exploiter un corpus d’œuvres majoritairement littéraires pour montrer de quelles façons la science-fiction constitue un vecteur original de production et d’exploration de possibles socio-économiques. En effet, les mondes créés dans ces œuvres permettent de représenter et donner à voir à quoi pourrait ressembler une variété de systèmes socio-économiques alternatifs et post-capitalistes. Enfin, le rassemblement de ces futurs post-capitalistes amène à proposer une matrice typologique pour mieux dégager les lignes directrices qui sous-tendent ces visions et aider à s’orienter dans les inspirations qu’elles peuvent porter.
Food Advertising and Italian Colonial Propaganda
Authors: Proglio Gabriele
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the most important food advertisements in which black bodies were used to support Italian colonial propaganda. The aim of the article is to show the role of race, gender, and sexuality in the dissemination of various racial stereotypes and colonial imaginaries in the public sphere. Using the SALCE ad collection, quantitative and qualitative analyses of the visual sources considered are combined. In the conclusion, some new possible historical trajectories are identified to explore the role of advertising in shaping a racialized and sexist public imagination view of overseas in terms of visuality and taste.
Des photographes hors champ ? Les femmes dans les cercles amateurs et pictorialistes français (1891-1914)
Authors: Pradier Frédérine
Published: December 2024

Cet article propose d’étudier le rôle social des femmes dans les milieux photographiques amateurs en France au passage du xxe siècle. L’activité photographique des femmes témoigne de l’antagonisme structurant l’ordre bourgeois, séparant les sphères publique et privée. Même en qualité d’amatrices, les femmes ne se sont toutefois pas limitées à un usage intime du médium et ont investi des espaces publics de légitimation tels que les sociétés et les expositions de photographies. L’analyse sérielle et quantitative de sources imprimées (annuaires, catalogues d’expositions et périodiques spécialisés) permet de reconsidérer leur position dans un champ structuré par ses propres dynamiques sociales, culturelles et géographiques. Pour s’opposer à une pratique privée vulgarisée, différentes stratégies de distinction sont mises en œuvre, en particulier dans les cercles pictorialistes se réclamant d’un art photographique.
Introduction
Authors: Faucherre-Buresi Héloïse , Lucas Marie
Published: December 2024

La démologie ou « science du peuple » qui voit le jour en Italie au début du XIXe siècle se distingue des études folkloriques d’autres pays européens par un intérêt appuyé pour les spécificités régionales. Dans le contexte de la difficile unification du pays, l’étude, en particulier, des coutumes populaires du Mezzogiorno s’approfondit, alors que prend forme la « question méridionale », soit l’ensemble des débats liés à la perception d’un « retard » dans le développement du sud du pays. Largement compromise avec le fascisme et son exaltation à connotation raciste des traditions locales, cette néo-science est abordée à nouveaux frais par Antonio Gramsci. Celui-ci mûrit une approche dynamique et critique des notions ambivalentes de « folklore » et de « culture populaire ». Ses réflexions et les prolongements qu’en donne Ernesto De Martino, inscrits dans une théorie des rapports de force économico-politiques, contribuent au renouvellement de l’ethnologie italienne dans l’après-guerre. Ce numéro étudie ainsi, au croisement de plusieurs disciplines, le passage d’une approche romantique de « l’âme populaire » et des usages pittoresques à une étude historico-politique, d’inspiration marxiste, des cultures des groupes subalternes.
Totò, acteur rebelle des productions italiennes subalternes des années 1940-1950
Authors: Hachet Élodie
Published: December 2024

Deux figures emblématiques du folklore napolitain ont été portées à l’écran par l’acteur Totò : le pazzariello, crieur public et le jettatore, « jeteur de sorts ». Chargées d’une symbolique complexe mêlant superstition et satire sociale, elles offrent un terrain fertile à l’analyse des représentations populaires et de leur évolution au fil du temps. En incarnant ces rôles au cinéma, Totò a non seulement diverti le public mais a aussi contribué à revaloriser un pan méconnu du patrimoine culturel italien. À travers l’étude de ces personnages, il est possible d’explorer les rapports complexes entre tradition et modernité, entre croyances populaires et rationalité, ainsi que la manière dont le cinéma peut servir de vecteur de transmission et de transformation culturelle. Véritable masque du théâtre et du cinéma du XXe siècle, porteur d’une certaine mémoire des traditions archaïques transmises par-delà le conformisme ambiant et les diktats de la société de son époque, l’acteur diffuse la culture dont il est issu au niveau national jusqu’à imprégner toute la comédie italienne, et crée ainsi, par l’ironie et la dérision, des prolongements originaux. À travers l’analyse des représentations de ces deux figures par l’acteur Totò, nous étudierons le potentiel contestataire du pazzariello et la mise en lumière du fatalisme, anéantissant des générations entières, du jettatore.
Égalité femmes-hommes en classe préparatoire scientifique : une étude exploratoire en didactique des mathématiques
Authors: Texier-Picard Rozenn , Gueudet Ghislaine , Gerin Murielle
Published: December 2024

In this paper we study the issue of gender equality in mathematics at tertiary level. While most studies about this topic use a quantitative approach, we choose here a qualitative approach, in order to take into account the mathematical contents at stake, in a didactics perspective. We study gender equality in the context of a specific project-based course (“supervised personal interest work”, TIPE in French), in a scientific preparatory class. Our methodology combines observations of sessions and logbooks for a gender-mixed group over a four-month period. The analysis shows asymmetries in the students' topoi and in topogenetic positions.
Praxeological Differences in Institutional Transition: The Case of School Algebra
Authors: Cosan Derya Diana
Published: December 2024

The transition from lower secondary to upper secondary school is a challenging time for many students with algebra as a focal topic. In this paper, we present a new approach to this problem, based on the anthropological theory of the didactic, particularly on what we call praxeological differences between two connected institutions. The methodology involves the construction of a praxeological reference model for school algebra based on documents such as textbooks and evaluation instruments, like national exams and screening tests, from these two institutions. To illustrate this approach, the Danish transition problem in algebra between the lower and upper secondary school is examined as a case study. The results obtained by the students from these evaluation instruments are also a part of the data, to focus on knowledge actually obtained. The results from this case indicate that praxeological difference is chiefly concentrated on rules for rewriting an algebraic model.
COVID-19 Communication Messaging and Culture
Authors: Pesavento Anne , Howard Caroline , Hargiss Kathleen
Published: December 2024

Major disasters and public health crises require effective communication strategies to disseminate vital information and save lives. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, use of digital communication to communicate information became critical as governments enacted measures to protect public health, including COVID-19 curtailment strategies intended to save lives. To increase response effectiveness to critically important messaging, it is imperative to understand how to communicate with different communities to best achieve cooperation and compliance. Studies have identified culture as being a strong determinant of how people reacted to COVID-19 messaging. The following chapter describes a survey of 184 Hispanic and Latino Americans and non-Hispanic and Latino Americans to determine their attitudes towards COVID-19 mitigation protocol compliance and effective messaging strategies. The study found that significant differences between Hispanic and Latino and non- Hispanic and Latino culture and preferences for specific messaging strategies during the pandemic.
Digital Activism in Portugal
Authors: Ramalho Joana , Silva Maria João
Published: December 2024

In recent years, several social movements have emerged on the international scene, some of which have a global reach, in part due to the digital environment, and in particular to social media. Digital activism describes different forms of activism that use digital technology and it has gained importance, as it enables users, activists and institutions to share content that has the potential to reach a very significant number of people. It is against this backdrop that this research was developed. Our main objective is to contribute to the understanding of how digital activism works in Portugal, in particular how activist organizations use digital media to communicate with their audiences. We try to understand whether these communication channels really represent an added value to publicize the mission, causes, campaigns and work carried out by the institutions, and if they can effectively mobilize the members of the public, so that they participate in activist actions proposed and organized by the institutions.
Machine Learning-Enhanced Water and Air Quality Monitoring Technologies and Applications
Authors: Varun E. , Rajesh L. , Lokeshwari M. , Ashwini S. , Bhat Devidas , S. Chethan Kumar
Published: December 2024

This chapter points out machine learning-Ml-that is set to alter air and water quality monitoring technologies. Traditional monitoring systems usually work satisfactorily; however, there always exists deficiencies regarding data processing and accuracy of response in real time. For this kind of system, ML algorithms would become advantageous for such systems to carry out large-scale environmental data analysis, thereby enhancing predictive capabilities to realize early detection of pollutants. The chapter goes on to explain ML techniques under supervised and unsupervised learning, along with their applications to sensor networks, remote sensing, and data fusion. Case studies on the successful implementation of the ML-driven solution to air and water quality monitoring show the improvement in accuracy and decision-making. Further, the chapter addresses the challenge associated with ML integration in data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for robust training datasets.
Securing Vehicle-to-Grid Communications
Authors: Pandey Richa , Koranga Manisha , Thakur Sujata Negi , Khan Habib , Singh Sushil Kumar , R. N. Ravikumar
Published: December 2024

Electric cars (EVs) are becoming more popular, leading to cleaner transportation and energy use expand more However, as EVs connect more with power grids and other digital systems, they become at risk of complex cyberattacks expand more This research explores ways to protect EV energy systems from hacking. It examines current threats targeting EVs, such as weaknesses in charging stations, communication between cars and the grid, and car software. The study emphasizes the need for layered security that includes physical and digital defences. Some key strategies discussed are encryption, intrusion detection, secure software updates, and strong authentication. It also looks at how artificial intelligence, machine learning both can be used to improve real-time threat detection and response. This research aims to provide a comprehensive view of cybersecurity measures needed to protect future EV energy systems from hacking.
Improvement of the Technology of Melting of Low Alloy Steel Alloy in an Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Kholmirzaev Nozimjon , Turakhodjaev Nodir , Saidmakhamadov Nosir , Tadjiev Nuritdin , Khasanov Jamshidbek , Yusupov Bekzod , Khojibekova Shohkida , Sadikova Nargiza , Nosirkhujaev Ibrokhim Sodik , Juraev Jurabek
Published: December 2024

This article presents the optimal method of melting the 35XGCL (analog is JIS G 5111) low alloy steel alloy in DSP-2.0 2000 kg electric arc furnace. All the main stages of melting in an electric arc furnace are considered. In addition, analytical data on the study of the slag mode during the fluidization of the alloy are presented. The results of the evaluation of oxygen activity in metal depending on the chemical composition of slag oxidation and reduction cycles in the furnace are presented. Graphs of oxygen activity in the alloy depending on the total amount of iron, silicon, and manganese oxides in the slag are presented. Moreover, the effect of constant and additional deoxidizing aluminum content in the alloy on the impact strength of low alloy steel alloy is presented. The impact strength is improved when the constant aluminum content is in the range of 0.05-0.07%.
Effect of Annealing Time on Pitting, Intergranular Corrosion, and Hardness of Stainless Steels
Authors: Ieamsupapong Supat , Boonpia Sathapat , Wattanakhum Kittiwong , Daopiset Siriporn , Kee Kok Eng
Published: December 2024

Stainless steels are the material that has chromium as a main component. The chromium content reacts with oxygen in air, subsequently, forms thin chromium oxide film on the surface of stainless steels. Thus, when these steels are exposed to high temperature for a long period of time in many applications, chromium carbide could precipitate along the grain boundary and reduce the corrosion resistance. This project is conducted to study annealing time effect on stainless steels when exposed to high temperature at various exposure time periods. Three different kind of stainless steels, namely, AISI 304, AISI 304D and AISI 2205 were used in this study. Stainless steels were heated at 600°C for 0, 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours, then cool down in air. Consequently, the investigations were performed by using double-loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) and Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP) to study degree of sensitization and film properties. In addition, chromic acid and oxalic acid were used as reagent of acid etching to observe microstructures. Finally, Vickers hardness test were also conducted. Percentage degree of sensitization increased from 2.93% to 62.20% in AISI 304, increased from 5.26% to 55.54% in AISI 304D and from 12.19% to 69.35% in AISI 2205. The pitting potential decreased from 0.47 mV to 0.23 mV for AISI 304 but remained relatively constant for AISI 304D and AISI 2205. The results indicated that after the specimens were exposed to high temperature for a long period of time, all specimens had more chromium depleted areas, more carbide along the grain boundaries, worse film quality and small changes in hardness value.
Exploring Peculiar Properties of Graded Rubber
Authors: Do Quoc Viet , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: December 2024

A styrene-butadiene rubber having a gradient crosslink density in the thickness direction was simply prepared by vulcanizing under a temperature gradient to study its mechanical properties and swelling behavior. The graded rubber exhibited considerable strain recovery after stress removal despite having a low crosslinked part. Notably, the graded rubber also manifested greater hysteresis loss during cyclic test compared to a homogeneously crosslinked rubber, even though they had similar initial moduli. Furthermore, anomalous swelling behavior was observed in the graded rubber. The graded rubber exhibited shape transformation upon swelling. The mechanism was thoroughly explained using gel swelling theory under constraints. This must be a common phenomenon in graded rubbers with a crosslink gradient in the thickness direction. This comprehensive research provides a novel approach for material design with tailored properties and promising applications for this potential material.
Comparative Study of Corrosion Resistance in Heat-Treated Bainitic and Pearlitic Steels in Sodium Chloride Solution under Room and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Thongsan Phatarapol , Thublaor Thammaporn
Published: December 2024

The development of multiphase bainitic/martensitic steel aims to enhance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance compared to traditional pearlitic steel. However, the impact of elevated temperatures on the corrosion resistance behavior of these materials cannot be overlooked. This study investigates the corrosion resistance behavior of multiphase bainitic/martensitic steel and pearlitic steel at varying temperatures. Electrochemical tests using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Linear Polarization (LP) in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution demonstrate a consistent trend: acicular bainitic steel exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to granular bainitic steel and pearlitic steel at both room temperature and elevated temperatures. Further characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) reveals that the formation of oxide layers significantly contributes to the enhanced corrosion resistance observed in these materials.
Idiopathic calcinosis cutis presenting as iliac region mass in an elderly female: A rare entity with cyto-histopathological correlation
Authors: Ahmad Nehal , Iqbal Zeeshan , Mohroo Rubeena , Khan Sabina , Hussain Musharraf
Published: December 2024

Calcinosis cutis is a group of disorders characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutis. It is divided into four different forms based on the etiology: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, and iatrogenic. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis is diagnosed when the other three types have been excluded. We report a case of a 68-year-old female who developed a gradually progressive, hard, nodular swelling in the right iliac region. Clinically it was provisionally diagnosed as a neoplastic lesion. Ultrasound revealed a hyperechoic lesion in the subcutaneous plane, suggestive of a calcified lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed paucicellular smears, showing aggregates of scattered crystalloid amorphous material favoring the possibility of calcinosis cutis, later confirmed on histopathology. Calcific deposits may clinically mimic a tumor. However, cytology can provide a preliminary diagnosis thus assisting the clinician in the accurate management of these patients.
A cross-sectional study on psychiatric comorbidity, coping strategies, and quality of life in women diagnosed with breast and cervical cancers attending a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Kumaravel Susila Sharmili , Andisamy Niranjana Devi , Appadurai Praveena Daya , Lakshmanamoorthy Thenmozhi , Raja Ayyakutti Muni , Kathiah Rajeshwari , Shanmugavinayagam Arumuganathan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Breast and cervical cancers pose significant health challenges for Indian women, impacting their psychological well-being and quality of life.

Aim:

To compare psychiatric morbidity, explore coping strategies, and evaluate quality of life among women with these cancers.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study among women aged 18 years and above attending a tertiary care hospital Oncology unit diagnosed first time with breast or cervical cancer, providing informed consent, were recruited by purposive sampling between September 2019 and August 2020. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, sociodemographic and clinical details were collected. Participants were interviewed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 6, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Coping Checklist, and WHOQOL-BREF. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Sixty-eight participants (34 in each group) were recruited from a tertiary care hospital’s Oncology unit between September 2019 and August 2020. Comorbid psychiatric illnesses were found in 41.2% of cervical and 32.4% of breast cancer participants. Major depressive disorder (20.6% cervical; 8.8% breast) and generalized anxiety disorder (8.8% each) were common. Emotion-focused coping was prevalent, while negative distraction was least used. Quality of life was lowest in social relationships, physical health, and psychological health domains, with no significant intergroup differences.

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of psychiatric morbidities, poor coping strategies, and impaired quality of life imply that healthcare providers need to be culturally sensitive and integrate mental health screening and support services into routine cancer care.
Cognitive deficits persisting in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome after detoxification
Authors: Sachdeva Ankur , Chandra Mina , Khullar Shilpa , Abbas Syed Zafar
Published: December 2024

Background:

Alcohol-related cognitive deficits (ARCDs) have received little clinical recognition due to doubts regarding the etiopathogenesis and lack of consensus in the diagnostic guidelines.

Aim:

The present study aimed at evaluating the pattern of cognitive deficits in patients of alcohol dependence without dementia, and assessing the relationship between these subtle cognitive deficits and alcohol use parameters.

Materials and Methods:

The study included randomly selected, consenting, non-delirious patients of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) without dementia, admitted in the de-addiction ward. Cognition was assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies at admission and after 7 days of detoxification. “T-test” was used to assess cognitive improvement and residual deficits, while correlation analysis was used to compare the relationship between alcohol use parameters and MMSE scores.

Results:

We recruited 63 male patients with mean age of 38.62 (±9.61) years. Significant improvement was noted in cognition post-detoxification. However, most of the subjects had subtle cognitive deficits which may fall within the realm of ARCD, mainly in domains of attention/concentration, recall, language, and visuo-constructional skills (P < 0.05). The cognitive deficits correlated with duration and severity of alcohol dependence (P < 0.05), however, were independent of daily alcohol quantity.

Conclusion:

Subtle cognitive deficits may persist in patients of ADS without dementia, even after successful detoxification. They may be easily missed despite contact with mental health professionals, as these deficits may only be evident on neuro-psychological testing.
Effect of brief reflective parenting in parents of young children with autism spectrum disorder: Pre and post-intervention study
Authors: Parashar Saatvika , Das Sneha , Sharma Neha , Puar Sonia
Published: December 2024

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by marked impairments in social interaction and communication accompanied by a pattern of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors and activities. The prevalence rate after COVID-19 is 0.3%. Inferential processing style in parents plays a major role in maintaining the psychopathology in children. Brief reflective parenting intervention has not yet been studied in the context of inferential processing style in parents of young children with ASD.

Aim:

To study the effect of brief reflective training on parents of children with Autism spectrum disorder.

Materials and Methods:

This intervention study was conducted on parents of individuals diagnosed with ASD based on ICD-10 DCR, following certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected from various General Hospital Psychiatry Unit in Delhi NCR, using a purposive sampling technique. Cognitive Style Questionnaire-Short Form was administered as an outcome measure to assess inferential negative style. Data was statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank test.

Results:

Findings suggested improvement in inferential negative style after parents attended the intervention of brief reflective training workshop, and the improvement was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the potential benefits of brief reflective training in enhancing cognitive processing styles among parents of children with ASD.