bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Training for Positioning of Welding Seams
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Lang Jochen
Published: November 2021

Robotic welding often uses vision-based measurement to find the correct placement of the welding seam. Traditional machine vision methods work well in many cases but lack robustness when faced with variations in the manufacturing process or in the imaging conditions. While supervised deep neural networks have been successful in increasing accuracy and robustness in many real-world measurement applications, their success relies on labeled data. In this paper, we employ semi-supervised learning to simultaneously increase accuracy and robustness while avoiding expensive and time-consuming labeling efforts by a domain expert. While semi-supervised learning approaches for various image classification tasks exist, we purpose a novel algorithm for semi-supervised key-point detection for seam placement by a welding robot. We demonstrate that our approach can work robustly with as few as fifteen labeled images. In addition, our method utilizes full image resolution to enhance the accuracy of the key-point detection in seam placement.
Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat
Authors: Falk Magnus , Nilsson Emelie J. , Cirovic Stefan , Tudosoiu Bogdan , Shleev Sergey
Published: November 2021

Sweat is a promising biofluid in allowing for non-invasive sampling. Here, we investigate the use of a voltammetric electronic tongue, combining different metal electrodes, for the purpose of non-invasive sample assessment, specifically focusing on sweat. A wearable electronic tongue is presented by incorporating metal electrodes on a flexible circuit board and used to non-invasively monitor sweat on the body. The data obtained from the measurements were treated by multivariate data processing. Using principal component analysis to analyze the data collected by the wearable electronic tongue enabled differentiation of sweat samples of different chemical composition, and when combined with 1H-NMR sample differentiation could be attributed to changing analyte concentrations.
Design and Manufacturing Optoelectronic Sensors for the Measurement of Refractive Index Changes under Unknown Polarization State
Authors: Harasim Damian , Kisała Piotr , Yeraliyeva Bakhyt , Mroczka Janusz
Published: November 2021

This article proposes a new method for detecting slight refractive index changes under conditions of unknown polarization state. It is argued that an insignificant modification of the tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) structure and selecting the appropriate spectral region allows us to accurately track changes in the refractive index. It has also been proven that the method can be easily made insensitive to temperature and that the sensitivity to changes in the polarization plane of the input light can be significantly reduced, which is crucial in later practical applications. Analytes in the form of an aqueous glucose solution were used to calibrate the sensor. The proposed method, based on perpendicular tilted fiber Bragg grating (P-TFBG), has a wide range of universality because its development and slight modification will enable the detection of glucose, pathogens, and viruses.
Alternative Materials for Printed Circuit Board Production: An Environmental Perspective
Authors: Nassajfar Mohammad Naji , Deviatkin Ivan , Leminen Ville , Horttanainen Mika
Published: November 2021

This article investigates the potential environmental impacts of four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) production from cradle to grave. The study starts with a lifecycle assessment of conventional PCB production. Then, the alternative materials of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA)/glass fiber composite and paper are investigated for the substrate. A conventional PCB adopts copper as the conductive material and requires an etching process. The environmental impacts of changing the conductive deposition method to an additive method by printing silver nanoparticles is studied. In a conventional PCB, electricity generation contributes 41% of the global warming potential (GWP) and 38% of the abiotic resource depletion (ADP), in the fossil category. By applying an additive manufacturing method, the GWP of PCB manufacturing can be reduced to 14% of that of the conventional method. A sensitivity analysis of silver recycling illustrates that a 40% higher silver recycling rate would decrease the GWP of silver material by about 48–60%. Uncertainty in the energy consumption of PCB production would alter the environmental impacts; however, even with the most conservative energy consumption in a conventional PCB production method, the environmental impacts of the additive method are about five times lower than those of conventional PCB production.
Food and Agricultural Security: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Adelaja Adesoji , George Justin
Published: November 2021

Food and agricultural security are important elements of sustainable development, especially in developing countries. This is because progress in agriculture is fundamental to the structural transformation of developing economies while food security is an important indicator of progress made in economic development. Indeed, agricultural security and food security are intrinsically linked in the development process, as recognized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. The nexus between food and agricultural security is so vast. This special issue only attempts to highlight two important dimensions: (a) the role of resilience in mitigating the impacts of shocks on food and agricultural security and (b) unique challenges faced in sustainable agriculture development and the analysis of best practices. The other nine articles in this special issue cover a wide range, including (a) food security, sustainability and the achievement of SDG goals; resilience and conflict; forced displacement and agriculture; and shocks and structural transformation in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries; and, beyond SSA, (b) food self-sufficiency, public perceptions about good agricultural practices, environmental impacts of alternate crops, gender issues in agroforestry systems and food system transformation. Collectively, these articles highlight the link between food and agriculture security, environmental sustainability and resilience.
Towards More Resilient Conservation Practices: Bridging the Past and Present of Human–Wildlife Interactions
Authors: Frank Beatrice , Anthony Brandon P.
Published: November 2021

Human–wildlife interactions (HWI), whether they be conflict to coexistence situations, are widely researched and described in the literature, as shown by the flourishing of HWI publications over the past 20 years [...]
Municipal Programs and Sustainable Development in Russian Northern Cities: Case Studies of Murmansk and Magadan
Authors: Degai Tatiana S. , Khortseva Natalia , Monakhova Maria , Petrov Andrey N.
Published: November 2021

Cities play an important role in promoting sustainable development. In the Arctic, most particularly in Russia, cities concentrate the majority of residents and economic activity. Sustainable development initiatives are often deployed through programs that operate at different spatial and jurisdictional scales. While national and regional policies and programs have received some attention, the understanding of urban development policies and programs at the municipal level in the Arctic is still limited. This paper presents a case study of municipal sustainable development programming in Arctic cities and examines municipal programs in two larger Russian northern cities: Murmansk and Magadan. While both are regional capitals and the most populous urban settlements in their regions, the cities have district historical, economic and geographical contexts. Through the content analysis of municipal programs active in 2018, we aim to understand, systematize and compare the visions and programmatic actions of the two municipalities on sustainable development. Ten sustainable development programming categories were identified for using a UN SDG-inspired approach modeled after the City of Whitehorse, Canada. While the programs in Magadan and Murmansk are quite different, we observed striking commonalities that characterize the national, regional and local models of urban sustainable development policy making in the Russian Arctic.
Addressing Efficiency and Sustainability in the Port of the Future with 5G: The Experience of the Livorno Port. A Methodological Insight to Measure Innovation Technologies’ Benefits on Port Operations
Authors: Cavalli Laura , Lizzi Giulia , Guerrieri Luciano , Querci Antonella , De Bari Francescalberto , Barbieri Gregorio , Ferrini Silvia , Di Meglio Riccardo , Cardone Rossella , Tardo Alexandr , Pagano Paolo , Tesei Andrea , Lattuca Domenico
Published: November 2021

Relying on the international 2030 Agenda and specifically applying sustainable development’s triple bottom line to port operations, innovation technologies enabled by 5G transformation have shown to serve as a junction point between the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the port’s Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). In order to measure economic, social and financial benefits deriving from 5G networks and digital transformation, a piloted technology model has been shaped with the final aim of designing new models of port management and operational planning, and of implementing sustainable port growth policies. Such an assessment finally represents a crucial means to enhance technological advancements on port competitiveness and efficiency, and to boost sustainability performance by supporting public policies and business decisions, finally leading to the development of the port of the future.
Strategic Orientation, Environmental Management Systems, and Eco-Innovation: Investigating the Moderating Effects of Absorptive Capacity
Authors: Tseng Chin-Hung , Chang Kuo-Hsiung , Chen Ho-Wen
Published: November 2021

Environmental management studies have proposed that firms can achieve substantial cost advantages over competitors and enhance their competitive positions by implementing an environmental management system (EMS). This study further investigates strategic orientation (customer, competitor, and innovation orientation) and focuses on the effect of strategic orientation on EMSs and eco-innovation; it also examines the mediating role of EMSs in the relationship between strategic orientation and eco-innovation. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating role of absorptive capacity in the relationship between strategic orientation and EMSs. Reliability and validity analyses of a sample of 142 respondents indicated that the study design was effective, consistent, and reliable. The findings indicate that (1) strategic orientation (competitor and innovation orientation) positively influences EMSs, (2) EMSs positively influence eco-innovation, (3) absorptive capacity-enhancing strategic orientation positively influences EMSs, and (4) EMS intermediary strategic orientation positively influences eco-innovation. This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of why some firms exhibit greater proactivity in EMSs than others do.
Shared Mobility: Evolving Practices for Sustainability
Authors: Guyader Hugo , Friman Margareta , Olsson Lars E.
Published: November 2021

This introductory paper to the Special Issue “Shared Mobility” aims (1) to present and differentiate the diversity of practices and services that constitute the shared mobility sector; (2) to emphasize the contribution of each published article; and (3) to identify knowledge gaps of knowledge and provide further research avenues. With the contribution from 29 authors affiliated to social sciences and transportation research institutions in seven countries (Sweden, Germany, Netherlands, Greece, Belgium, Norway, and Australia), new understandings of the potential, drivers, barriers, and limitations of diverse shared mobility solutions for a more sustainable society are presented. The common message across the special issue is that the shared mobility sector is constantly evolving, while aiming to attain sustainability goals. Several papers have taken a psychological approach to explain the adoption of shared mobility practices (e.g., carsharing), yet these findings may be context-dependent, which future research should further investigate (e.g., differences between platform-based and self-service modes). We also call for researchers to pay attention to how traditional transit services can be combined with newer shared mobility services (e.g., micro-mobility), but also to informal public transport systems, as we identify these as important developing areas.
Chemical Upcycling of PET Waste towards Terephthalate Redox Nanoparticles for Energy Storage
Authors: Goujon Nicolas , Demarteau Jérémy , Lopez de Pariza Xabier , Casado Nerea , Sardon Haritz , Mecerreyes David
Published: November 2021

Over 30 million ton of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is produced each year and no more than 60% of all PET bottles are reclaimed for recycling due to material property deteriorations during the mechanical recycling process. Herein, a sustainable approach is proposed to produce redox-active nanoparticles via the chemical upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste for application in energy storage. Redox-active nanoparticles of sizes lower than 100 nm were prepared by emulsion polymerization of a methacrylic-terephthalate monomer obtained by a simple methacrylate functionalization of the depolymerization product of PET (i.e., bis-hydroxy(2-ethyl) terephthalate, BHET). The initial cyclic voltammetry results of the depolymerization product of PET used as a model compound show a reversible redox process, when using a 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate/dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte system, with a standard redox potential of −2.12 V vs. Fc/Fc+. Finally, the cycling performance of terephthalate nanoparticles was investigated using a 0.1 M TBAPF6 solution in acetonitrile as electrolyte in a three-electrode cell. The terephthalate anode electrode displays good cycling stability and performance at high C-rate (i.e., ≥5C), delivering a stable specific discharge capacity of 32.8 mAh.g−1 at a C-rate of 30 C, with a capacity retention of 94% after 100 cycles. However, a large hysteresis between the specific discharge and charge capacities and capacity fading are observed at lower C-rate (i.e., ≤2C), suggesting some irreversibility of redox reactions associated with the terephthalate moiety, in particular related to the oxidation process.
Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor Plasma-Facing Materials under Conditions of Ion Irradiation and Plasma Flux
Authors: Khripunov Boris I. , Koidan Vasily S. , Semenov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2021

A review of experimental studies carried out at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” on plasma-facing thermonuclear fusion reactor materials is presented in the paper. An experimental method was developed to produce high-level radiation damage in materials simulating the neutron effect by surrogate irradiation with high-energy ions. Plasma-surface interaction is investigated on materials irradiated to high levels of radiation damage in high-flux deuterium plasma. The total fluence of accelerated ions (3–30 MeV, 4He2+, 12C3+, 14N3+, protons) on the samples was 1021–1023 m−2. Experiments were carried out on graphite materials, tungsten, and silicon carbide. Samples have been obtained with a primary defect concentration from 0.1 to 100 displacements per atom, which covers the predicted damage for the ITER and DEMO projects. Erosion dynamics of the irradiated materials in steady-state deuterium plasma, changes of the surface microstructure, and deuterium retention were studied using SEM, TEM, ERDA, TDS, and nuclear backscattering techniques. The surface layer of the materials (3 to hundreds µm) was investigated, and it was shown that the changes in the crystal structure, the loss of their symmetry, and diffusion of defects to grain boundaries play an important role. The most significant results are presented in the paper as an overview of our previous work for many years (carbon and tungsten materials) as well as the relatively recent results (silicon carbide).
Flexoelectric and Piezoelectric Coupling in a Bended MoS2 Monolayer
Authors: Shevliakova Hanna V. , Yesylevskyy Semen O. , Kupchak Ihor , Dovbeshko Galina I. , Kim Yunseok , Morozovska Anna N.
Published: November 2021

Low-dimensional (LD) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in the form of nanoflakes, which consist of one or several layers, are the subject of intensive fundamental and applied research. The tuning of the electronic properties of the LD-TMDs are commonly related with applied strains and strain gradients, which can strongly affect their polar properties via piezoelectric and flexoelectric couplings. Using the density functional theory and phenomenological Landau approach, we studied the bended 2H-MoS2 monolayer and analyzed its flexoelectric and piezoelectric properties. The dependences of the dipole moment, strain, and strain gradient on the coordinate along the layer were calculated. From these dependences, the components of the flexoelectric and piezoelectric tensors have been determined and analyzed. Our results revealed that the contribution of the flexoelectric effect dominates over the piezoelectric effect in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions of the monolayer. In accordance with our calculations, a realistic strain gradient of about 1 nm−1 can induce an order of magnitude higher than the flexoelectric response in comparison with the piezoelectric reaction. The value of the dilatational flexoelectric coefficient is almost two times smaller than the shear component. It appeared that the components of effective flexoelectric and piezoelectric couplings can be described by parabolic dependences of the corrugation. Obtained results are useful for applications of LD-TMDs in strain engineering and flexible electronics.
Favipiravir Inhibits Mayaro Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Bengue Michèle , Pintong Ai-rada , Liegeois Florian , Nougairède Antoine , Hamel Rodolphe , Pompon Julien , de Lamballerie Xavier , Roques Pierre , Choumet Valérie , Missé Dorothée
Published: November 2021

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emergent alphavirus that causes MAYV fever. It is often associated with debilitating symptoms, particularly arthralgia and myalgia. MAYV infection is becoming a considerable health issue that, unfortunately, lacks a specific antiviral treatment. Favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, has recently been shown to exert anti-MAYV activity in vitro. In the present study, the potential of Favipiravir to inhibit MAYV replication in an in vivo model was evaluated. Immunocompetent mice were orally administrated 300 mg/kg/dose of Favipiravir at pre-, concurrent-, or post-MAYV infection. The results showed a significant reduction in infectious viral particles and viral RNA transcripts in the tissues and blood of the pre- and concurrently treated infected mice. A significant reduction in the presence of both viral RNA transcript and infectious viral particles in the tissue and blood of pre- and concurrently treated infected mice was observed. By contrast, Favipiravir treatment post-MAYV infection did not result in a reduction in viral replication. Interestingly, Favipiravir strongly decreased the blood levels of the liver disease markers aspartate- and alanine aminotransferase in the pre- and concurrently treated MAYV-infected mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Favipiravir is a potent antiviral drug when administered in a timely manner.
Microbial Community Structure and Its Driving Environmental Factors in Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) Aquaculture Pond
Authors: Li Xuemei , Liu Lu , Zhu Yongjiu , Zhu Tingbing , Wu Xingbing , Yang Deguo
Published: November 2021

This study focused on monitoring the dynamics of bacterial communities and assessment of the influences of physicochemical parameters during a culture cycle in black carp polyculture ponds. Our results showed high variation in microbial diversity and microbial composition in the water column during the culture period. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla, while the abundances of the phyla Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes changed in different months. Moreover, 13 abundant genera with significant difference were found between different months. Thus, samples in different months were divided into three groups according to principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) clustering results. RDA showed that total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO43−-P), nitrate (NO3−-N), temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH significantly shaped the microbial community composition in different months. While Pearson correlation coefficient showed that T, SD, and pH were strongly correlated to the dominant genera. Considering some genera are potential pathogenic bacteria, we could manage the black carp pond by quickly monitoring the water temperature and SD in the future.
Do the Volume-of-Fluid and the Two-Phase Euler Compete for Modeling a Spillway Aerator?
Authors: Mendes Lourenço Sassetti , Lara Javier L. , Viseu Maria Teresa
Published: November 2021

Spillway design is key to the effective and safe operation of dams. Typically, the flow is characterized by high velocity, high levels of turbulence, and aeration. In the last two decades, advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) made available several numerical tools to aid hydraulic structures engineers. The most frequent approach is to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using an Euler type model combined with the volume-of-fluid (VoF) method. Regardless of a few applications, the complete two-phase Euler is still considered to demand exorbitant computational resources. An assessment is performed in a spillway offset aerator, comparing the two-phase volume-of-fluid (TPVoF) with the complete two-phase Euler (CTPE). Both models are included in the OpenFOAM® toolbox. As expected, the TPVoF results depend highly on the mesh, not showing convergence in the maximum chute bottom pressure and the lower-nappe aeration, tending to null aeration as resolution increases. The CTPE combined with the k–ω SST Sato turbulence model exhibits the most accurate results and mesh convergence in the lower-nappe aeration. Surprisingly, intermediate mesh resolutions are sufficient to surpass the TPVoF performance with reasonable calculation efforts. Moreover, compressibility, flow bulking, and several entrained air effects in the flow are comprehended. Despite not reproducing all aspects of the flow with acceptable accuracy, the complete two-phase Euler demonstrated an efficient cost-benefit performance and high value in spillway aerated flows. Nonetheless, further developments are expected to enhance the efficiency and stability of this model.
Design and Field Implementation of a Low-Cost, Open-Hardware Platform for Hydrological Monitoring
Authors: Segovia-Cardozo Daniel A. , Rodríguez-Sinobas Leonor , Canales-Ide Freddy , Zubelzu Sergio
Published: November 2021

Hydrologic processes acting on catchments are complex and variable, especially in mountain basins due to their topography and specific characteristics, so runoff simulation models and water management are also complex. Nevertheless, model parameters are usually estimated on the basis of guidelines from user manuals and literature because they are not usually monitored, due to the high cost of conventional monitoring systems. Within this framework, a new and promising generation of low-cost sensors for hydrologic monitoring, logging, and transition has been developed. We aimed to design a low-cost, open-hardware platform, based on a Raspberry Pi and software written in Python 3, for measuring, recording, and wireless data transmission in hydrological monitoring contexts. Moreover, the data are linked to a runoff model, in real time, for flood prevention. Complementarily, it emphasizes the role of the calibration and validation of soil moisture, rain gauges, and water depth sensors in laboratories. It was installed in a small mountain basin. The results showed mean absolute errors of ±2.2% in soil moisture, ±1 mm in rainfall, and ±0.51 cm in water depth measurements; they highlight the potential of this platform for hydrological monitoring and flood risk management.
Simulation of Shield Current in Automotive High Voltage Systems
Authors: Pazmany Jozsef Gabor , Fodor Denes , Bäker Bernard
Published: November 2021

In automotive high voltage (HV) systems, the switching operation of a power electronic converter causes current and voltage ripple in the frequency range of [10 Hz–150 kHz]. Automotive system engineering provides requirements that define the behaviour of HV components in that frequency range. Shielded HV cables must stand induced current in the frequency range of the ripple. One of the relevant requirements is the maximal current stress of the shielding. Several individually shielded cables are used in automotive HV systems, and these shields influence differential mode disturbance currents, such as the ripple current from the traction inverter. In this work, we provide a model and an analysis of shielded cables integrated into an automotive HV system in relation to system-level design parameters. To fill the gaps of existing research, we focused on two questions: How do design parameters influence the shield current value in the frequency range of the current ripple in a vehicle, and how should a shield and connector system be designed with respect to shield currents over the life-time? We applied analytical and simulative solutions to these problems through a co-simulation approach on the architecture of a real vehicle. The presented approach extends existing research by integrating simulations and vehicle measurements to life-time prediction. Moreover, the proposed methods enable the replacement of the state-of-the-art constant 10 A requirement to a driver profile based predicted shield current requirement on individually shielded HV cables in battery electric vehicles (BEV).
Effect of Electric Vehicles Charging Loads on Realistic Residential Distribution System in Aqaba-Jordan
Authors: Obeidat Mohammad A. , Almutairi Abdulaziz , Alyami Saeed , Dahoud Ruia , Mansour Ayman M. , Aldaoudeyeh Al-Motasem , Hrayshat Eyad S.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, air pollution and climate change issues have pushed people worldwide to switch to using electric vehicles (EVs) instead of gas-driven vehicles. Unfortunately, most distribution system facilities are neither designed nor well prepared to accommodate these new types of loads, which are characterized by random and uncertain behavior. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation of EVs’ effect on a realistic distribution system. It provides a technical evaluation and analysis of a real distribution system’s load and voltage drop in the presence of EVs under different charging strategies. In addition, this investigation presents a new methodology for managing EV loads under a dynamic response strategy in response to the distribution system’s critical hours. The proposed methodology is applied to a real distribution network, using the Monte Carlo method and the CYME program. Random driver behavior is taken into account in addition to various factors that affect EV load parameters. Overall, the results show that the distribution system is significantly affected by the addition of EV charging loads, which create a severe risk to feeder limits and voltage drop. However, a significant reduction in the impact of EVs can be achieved if a proper dynamic demand response programme is implemented. We hope that the outcomes of this investigation will provide decision-makers and planners with prior knowledge about the expected impact of using EVs and, consequently, enable them to take the proper actions needed to manage such load.
Efficacy of Virtual Technology as the Way Forward for Teaching and Learning with the Experience of a Global Pandemic
Authors: Jackson Emerson Abraham
Published: November 2021

The call for institutions and governments across the world to prioritize investments in technology was never treated that seriously as it is now, with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, purportedly claimed to have emerged in China’s Wuhan city. All across the world, institutions are yearning for resources to meet the growing need to support continuity in learning through the new normal of virtual schooling, but the capacity to do so is limited owing to nations’ limited preparedness for such a global scale of health calamity.
Technology is certainly the way forward to meet the growing needs of people's desire to survive, and equally so for employers whose growing competitiveness are much catered for through highly manpower skills workforce. Hence, institutions and governments alike are now seen to be making efforts in adapting to new and emerging technologies in a bid to make it worthwhile to support economic prosperity and livelihoods.
The aim is to show growing need in learning through the new normal of virtual schooling, adapting to emerging technologies.
Methodology. The analysis of technologies, tools, means like MOODLE, Google-Meet, WebEx Meet, ZOOM.
Results. Emerging technologies such as Google-Meet, WebEx Meet, ZOOM and already used platforms like MOODLE need to be hailed given their embedded functionalities to capture variety of ways through which disruptive services can be made to continue. Functionalities embedded in the most commonly used platform like MOODLE and Google-Meet have integrated functionalities to support both virtual classroom and assessment components as opposed to that of WebEx and ZOOM.
Conclusion. Emerging technologies should include a synchronized system of Managed Learning Environment (MLE) that makes it possible for assessment materials to be integrated with constructive feedback from teachers.
Pinus brutia Ten. ve Quercus coccifera L. Ağaçlarının Toprak Solunumlarının İzlenmesi
Authors: CENKSEVEN Şahin , KOÇAK Burak
Published: November 2021

: Bu çalışmada Akdeniz iklimi etkisi altında bulunan ve en az 30 yaşında olan Pinus brutia Ten. (Kızılçam, Pinaceae) ve Quercus coccifera L. (Kermes meşesi, Fagaceae) türleri altında topraktan atmosfere salınan CO2’in mevsimsel değişimi izlenmiştir. Eylül 2016 ve Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında aylık toprak ve hava sıcaklıkları ile soda-lime yöntemiyle toprak solunumları belirlenmiştir. Ortalama günlük toprak solunumları (g CO2/m2/gün) kızılçamda 1,33 (Ocak) ile 12,33 (Ağustos) iken kermes meşesinde 1,29 (Ocak) ile 13,82 (Ağustos) arasında olup ortalama solunumları sırasıyla 7,03 ve 7,26 olarak belirlenmiştir. Mevsimsel olarak, her iki bitki türünün kış mevsimindeki toprak solunumları diğer mevsimlerden önemli bir biçimde düşük olup tüm aylarda bitkilerin toprak solunumları arasında önemli bir fark saptanmamıştır. Her iki bitki türünün toprak solunumları, toprak ve hava sıcaklıkları arasında önemli ve pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, araştırma alanında, artan toprak ve hava sıcaklığı ile topraktan CO2 salımının artış gösterdiği ve genel olarak bir yıllık süreçte kızılçam ve kermes meşesi türlerinin CO2 salımları arasında önemli düzeyde farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Soberanía alimentaria del campo y seguridad alimentaria de la ciudad en el Gran Confinamiento mundial
Authors: Hernández Mendoza Abdiel
Published: November 2021

El Gran Confinamiento mundial se considera el primer acontecimiento universal que combinó en su desarrollo una serie de transformaciones radicales de la cotidianidad, en específico de aquellas asociadas a la alimentación. Trajo de nuevo al centro del debate la confrontación entre la soberanía alimentaria del campo establecida en 1996 frente a las políticas de seguridad alimentaria. Todo ello dejó ver que la crisis civilizatoria que experimenta la humanidad es más grave de lo que se piensa y la incertidumbre se presentó como padecimiento generalizado. El objetivo de este estudio recae en explicar que la confrontación entre la soberanía alimentaria del campo y la seguridad alimentaria citadina se mantiene en la coyuntura del Gran Confinamiento mundial. En efecto, por una parte, se analiza el contexto que permitió comprender mutaciones de lo prohibido a lo ordenado, en el binomio campo-ciudad, visibles en la disputa por los espacios públicos y en la búsqueda incesante por la apropiación del campo en México; y por otro, se focaliza en el espacio, al que se le identificó una doble función: garante de la reproducción de vida y centro de abastecimiento citadino.
La ciudad como vector de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Baeriswyl Sergio , Bragos Oscar , Pontoni Silvina
Published: November 2021

Convocamos al arquitecto y urbanista Sergio Baeriswyl por su trayectoria en materia de planificación urbana y gestión pública y por su condición de referente en Chile a la hora de repensar nuestras ciudades y territorios, especialmente, en este contexto de crisis sanitaria global. La invitación a esta conversación tuvo por objeto conocer sus apreciaciones respecto de la situación en que se encuentran las ciudades chilenas de distinta escala en la coyuntura actual, fuertemente castigadas por la emergencia del covid-19, pero también por problemas preexistentes vinculados con riesgos ambientales y con vulnerabilidades sociales comunes a las del resto de Latinoamérica. Profundizar en el conocimiento de las propuestas concretas y de las formas de gestión participativa que condujeron a su definición, resulta un aporte invalorable con miras a aumentar la resiliencia de nuestras ciudades y a contribuir en la solución de los graves problemas que nos afectan. En esta ocasión, interesa especialmente su labor en la región del Biobío, así como la que desempeña en el marco del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano que preside actualmente, un órgano consultivo y asesor del Gobierno de Chile, integrado por representantes del sector público, del mundo privado, social, académico y gremial.
Least Significant Bit (LSB) Modification Analysis With Alternate Insertion Message Technique On Image Media
Authors: Harahap Ismail Sati Alom
Published: November 2021

One aspect of success in data communication is security. Data security can be done by using steganography. Steganography is a way to hide messages in the media in such a way that other people do not realize there is a message in the media. Many of the algorithms used in steganography one of which is the Least Significant Bit. In this research, the authors modify Least Significant Bit algorithms with Alternate Insertion method. Modification is doing of embedding and extracting messages process by changing the RGB values ??at each pixel of image data with confidential file by inserting message alternately and insertionly until the all message inserted. This steganography applications have input password that is used as the key of a message can't be opened in addition to the addressee so that the data will be kept confidential. The parameters used to measure the performance of the Least Significant Bit and Alternate Insertion are using runtime program and analysist algorithms of Big . The message insertion applications built by using C# (C Sharp) programming language. From the results of research that extracting process messages work faster than the embedding process. More larger of image in used it will be spend longer time to process the inserting message. Time complexity of algorithms (Big ) embedding and extracting processes obtained in testing the system is T (n) = (xy). From the results of research that extracting process messages work faster than the embedding process. More larger of image in used it will be spend longer time to process the inserting message. Time complexity of algorithms (Big ) embedding and extracting processes obtained in testing the system is T (n) = (xy). From the results of research that extracting process messages work faster than the embedding process. More larger of image in used it will be spend longer time to process the inserting message. Time complexity of algorithms (Big ) embedding and extracting processes obtained in testing the system is T (n) = (xy).
Three Concentric Tube Heat Exchange With NTU-Effective Method
Authors: Hutagalung Liyun Arun
Published: November 2021

Heat exchanger is an exchange device with three concentric pipe tubes with direct flow used to reduce hot fluid to cold fluid using cold water fluid. the research was carried out triple pipes that flowed in the same direction with 3 variationsin the temperature pipe of the hot water fluid th with a temperature of 50oC, 55oC and 60oC with temperature of cold water fluid tc 25oC and this study used a flow rate of 0.000025 m3/s = 0.000033 m3/s and 0.000041 m3/s.The results of this study showed that the equilibrium temperature obtained from the experimental results of the effectiveness of the one-way pipeline flow was 1 = 32.99% the effectiveness of thr second channel pipe of 2 = 66.48% and ont the effectiveness of the third channel pipe of 3 = 33.57% 3rd data with a debut of 0.000025 m3/s and the effectiveness of the opposite flow the channel one pipe is 1 = 55.16% on the effectiveness of the second channel pipe of 2 = 66.48% and on the effectiveness of the third channel pipe of 3 = 60.59% it is obtained in the with to 7 with a discharge of 0.000041 m3/s.
Cuidado y responsabilidad: ethos fundamentales para salvaguardar y ejercer el derecho al cuidado nutricional
Authors: López-Talavera Mónica
Published: November 2021

La malnutrición asociada con la enfermedad continúa representando un grave problema en los pacientes que se encuentran hospitalizados, y es alarmante que dentro de los factores que participan en su desarrollo se encuentre la deshumanización del personal de salud. La Declaración de Cartagena es el documento en el que se propone el cuidado nutricional como un derecho humano, el cual tiene fundamentos éticos, mismos que son reflexionados a partir del ethos o modo de ser, para alcanzar un mayor entendimiento del papel de la ética en el cuidado nutricional. Para que la Declaración de Cartagena pueda ser una realidad en la práctica, además de reconocer su fuerza moral para salvaguardar y hacer efectivo el derecho al cuidado nutricional, es necesario que cada integrante del equipo incorpore los ethos de cuidado y responsabilidad a su manera de ser individual identificándose con el espíritu y con el objetivo fundamental de la declaración: el respeto y la protección a la dignidad humana. Palabras clave: malnutrición, cuidado nutricional, ética, Declaración de Cartagena, apoyo nutricional.
Features of lithodynamics of pebble beaches at south coast of Crimea
Authors: Boguslavsky Alexander , Kazakov Sergey
Published: November 2021

The results of the study of the peculiarities of lithodynamics of pebble beaches of the South Coast of Crimea based on the long-term monitoring of the state of beaches performed at the Black Sea Hydrophysical Subsatellite Proving Ground of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the settlement of Katsiveli are presented.

Long-term changes of the beach of Limensky Bay since 1950 and of beaches of the shore protection structures since 1988 are characterized. The volume of income and outcome of pebbles during the change of wind-wave regimes was estimated by the example of Limensky Bay beach and the artificial beaches of the coast protection structures in the coastline section from Katsiveli to Ponizovka settlement.

The most influential factor in the formation of the pebble beaches of the Southern Coast of Crimea is the change in alongshore wind-wave regimes in the “days-months” time scale, which leads to significant fluctuations in sea level near the coast and a corresponding change in the directions of the bottom current velocity components perpendicular to the shoreline. The largest expense and income of beach-forming material (up to 1 m3/day per linear meter of beach) occurs during storms, respectively, with wind-wave regimes of the eastern and western directions.

The largest irreversible removal of the mass of beach-forming materials during the change in wind-wave regimes occurs from the eastern and central sections of the bays and artificial beaches of coastal protection structures, and partial restoration of beaches—on their western sections.

Natural underwater reefs in the coastal waters of bays and artificial beaches of shore protection structures contribute to the preservation of beaches in them.

The reason for the gradual average long-term degradation of beaches may be the predominance of eastern storm winds over western ones in conditions of blocking the natural income of beach-forming materials from the coast by the coastal infrastructure objects.
DIGITAL SYSTEM FOR CUSTOMS INSPECTION OF BAGGAGE IN HIGH SECURITY AREAS
Authors: Bulaga Victoria
Published: November 2021

Abstract This article discusses the development of a three-energy digital system for customs inspection of luggage and hand luggage in airports and high-security areas, which will provide not only easy monitoring of luggage and hand luggage, but also security screening. The peculiarity of such a system is the use of scintillation crystals in the control systems of customs baggage inspection. And also the scheme of three-energy digital radiographic system has been developed, which gives the possibility of fast and safe luggage monitoring. Keywords: digital customs control system, scintillation crystals, detector, security, controlled area.
LOGOS OF EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT: ONTOLOGICAL AND EPISEOOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Moroz Ivanna
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The article considers the theoretical foundations of the essence of external public debt based on the combination of the plurality of its ontological interpretations with other categories of public finance. The content of the concept of external public debt from the standpoint of its understanding as an economic phenomenon, economic category, an instrument of macroeconomic policy and financial burden for future generations is considered. The main approaches and tools of external public debt management are described.
The aim is to build a fundamental theoretical construct of the study of external public debt in terms of substantiating its ontological and epistemological interpretations based on the study of relationships with other categories of public finance and the need to create a basis for effective policy of external debt management.
Method (methodology). The article uses methods of empirical and retrospective analysis of world and domestic economic thought in order to identify the fundamental foundations of external public debt; methods of generalization and comparison of scientific approaches to determining the logo of external public debt; a systematic approach to justify the relationship and interdependence of external public debt and other categories of public finance.
Results. The article formulates the logos of external public debt as a theoretical and philosophical construct of expressing external public debt not only as a unity of components, but a combination of multiple ontological interpretations with other categories of public finance, credit and international relations, national interests and comprehensive orderly reflection of their relationships for the level of confidence and cyclicality in the economy. Such ontological interpretations of external public debt as economic phenomenon, economic category, macroeconomic policy instrument, factor of influence on other categories of public finances, national income and economic processes, object of management are singled out. The conceptual principles of external public debt management are determined.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND PERSPECTIVES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Alieksieiev Ihor , Mazur Andriana , Huryn Kateryna
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The effective transition to social and environmental oriented economy is based on numerous factors. In many countries, financial correction is taking place, the main mechanism of which is the transformation of the economy into a new format. Financial intermediation based on the principles of social and environmental financing can have a significant impact on overall progress.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the Ukrainian financial market within the level of implementation of the studied tools for the possibility of improving the state of social and environmental responsibility.
Methodology.During the study, the following methods were used: dialectical method and methods of analysis and synthesis – to study the main options for social and environmental development of the country based on the use of financial instruments that are actively and successfully used by developed countries; statistical method – to analyse of monthly volumes of issue of "green" bonds in the world; structural and logical analysis – to study projects implemented in Ukraine in conjunction with IFC.
Results. The application of financial instruments, such as "green bonds", social impact bonds and "green banking", in international practice to increase the level of social and environmental responsibility has been studied. The prospects of application of the researched financial instruments in Ukraine in the context of financing the projects of sustainable development are estimated.
FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE REGION'S ECONOMY
Authors: Garkava Victoria , Klishchevska Alina
Published: November 2021

The article develops a theoretical concept of economic security in the management of the region's economy. The level of economic security of the region is analyzed on the example of Mykolayiv region and the index of economic security is constructed. Proposals have been developed to identify and minimize threats to the economic security of the regions.
The aim of the work is to form the latest concept of economic security based on modern challenges in managing the economy of the regions.
Method (methodology). The article uses methods of generalization and comparison of scientific approaches to determining the essence of economic security of regions and its threats; a systematic approach to substantiate quantitative indicators for assessing the level of economic security and identification of threats to economic security; methods of economic-mathematical analysis and modeling for calculation of the index of economic security of the region on the example of the Mykolayiv area.
Results. The theoretical concept of economic security in management of economy of region on an example of the Mykolayiv area is constructed; indicators of assessment of economic security of the region are offered and the index of economic security is calculated. The vectors of activity of local self-government bodies in the context of increasing the level of economic security of the regions of Ukraine are substantiated. The expediency of using targeted regional development programs to increase the level of economic security and economic development of the regions is argued.