bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into RB1 in prostate cancer lineage plasticity and drug resistance
Authors: Ma Min , Zhu Yazhi , Xiao Changkai , Li Ruidong , Cao Xingyu , Kang Ran , Wang Xiaolan , Li Ermao
Published: February 2024

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men in the world, posing a serious threat to men's health and lives. RB1 is the first human tumor suppressor gene to be described, and it is closely associated with the development, progression, and suppression of a variety of tumors. It was found that the loss of RB1 is an early event in prostate cancer development and is closely related to prostate cancer development, progression and treatment resistance. This paper reviews the current status of research on the relationship between RB1 and prostate cancer from three aspects: RB1 and prostate cell lineage plasticity; biological behavior; and therapeutic resistance. Providing a novel perspective for developing new therapeutic strategies for RB1-loss prostate cancer.
A Comparative Analysis of DSLR and Mirrorless Cameras for Dental Photography
Authors: Chitra Prasad , Dudy Neeraj Kumar , Verma Shubhnita , Mishra Gyanda
Published: February 2024

Aim

To compare current DSLR and mirrorless camera systems for ease of use, efficiency, and cost in routine dental photography.

Methods

Two currently available camera systems (DSLR + macro lens + ring flash/external flash and mirrorless camera + macro lens + ring flash/external flash) were compared and assessed for ease of use, sensor sizes, features, quality of imaging, battery capability, and costs.

Results

Mirrorless cameras were smaller and lighter by 16% as compared to DSLRs. Superior Digic X image processors in mirrorless give better image quality compared to DSLRs with older Digic 8 processors. Focus points on the mirrorless are greater at 651 as compared to just 9 on DSLRs. Battery capacity with DSLRs is better at 600–800 shots per charge as compared to 250–300 shots per charge with mirrorless cameras. Overall, the mirrorless camera was priced 16% higher than DSLR cameras.

Conclusion

There is a technological shift toward mirrorless camera systems across manufacturers. In the medium to long term, mirrorless technology will replace current DSLR systems making it imperative for dentists to understand and adapt to using mirrorless cameras in imaging.
Variability of MCID, SCB, and PASS Thresholds in Studies Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Alexander C. , Gupta Radhika , Kelly John D. , Li Xinning , Parisien Robert L.
Published: February 2024

Background:

An increasing reliance on patient-reported outcomes has led to greater emphasis on minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) thresholds in assessing rotator cuff repairs.

Purpose:

To review the MCID, SCB, and PASS thresholds reported for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were queried for full-text journal articles in English published between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2022. Studies with MCID, SCB, and PASS thresholds reported for patients with rotator cuff repair and a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were included. Reported MCID, SCB, and PASS thresholds and associated calculation methods were extracted.

Results:

There were 41 unique studies (6331 shoulders) that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 37 (90%) reported MCID; 16 (39%), PASS; and 11 (27%), SCB values. The most common PROMs were the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and the Constant-Murley score. In total, 71% (29/41) of these studies referenced values in the literature, usually studies of patients undergoing rotator cuff repair (21/29). Twelve studies calculated MCID, SCB, or PASS thresholds using anchor-based approaches, whereas 6 studies also calculated thresholds using distribution-based methods. The use of MCID, SCB, and PASS in the rotator cuff repair literature is increasing, with half of the included studies published within the final 17 months of the studied period.

Conclusion:

Significant variability was seen in the reporting of MCID, SCB, and PASS threshold values after rotator cuff repair. Researchers should prioritize studies that report clinical outcome thresholds calculated using anchor-based methods and should critically review both the anchor question and its response choices. Standardization of MCID, SCB, and PASS values and calculation methods will allow for a more reliable assessment of PROMs in rotator cuff repair moving forward.
The Contribution of Soft Tissue and Bony Stabilizers to the Hip Suction Seal: A Systematic Review of Biomechanical Studies
Authors: Hoffer Alexander J. , Beel Wouter , Ng K.C. Geoffrey , Degen Ryan M.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Previous biomechanical studies have identified capsular closure, labral repair or reconstruction, and osteochondroplasty as important surgical interventions to improve hip stability.

Purpose:

To investigate the outcome metrics used to quantify hip stability and assess and measure the relative contributions of the labrum, capsule, and bone to hip stability through a quantitative analysis.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included studies evaluated cadaveric hip biomechanics related to capsular, labral, and bony management during hip arthroscopy. Studies were assessed for distraction force and distance, fluid measures, and contact forces used to quantify the suction seal. Exclusion criteria included open surgery, arthroplasty, reorientation osteotomy, or traumatic dislocation.

Results:

A total of 33 biomechanical studies comprising 322 hips that evaluated 1 or more of the following were included: distraction force or distance (24 studies), fluid measures (10 studies), and contact forces (6 studies). Compared with a capsulotomy or capsulectomy, capsular repair or reconstruction demonstrated greater resistance to distraction (standardized mean difference [SMD], 1.13; 95% CI, 0.46-1.80; P = .0009). Compared with a labral tear, a labral repair or reconstruction demonstrated less resistance to distraction (SMD, −0.67; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.09; P = .02). Compared with a labral debridement, repair or reconstruction demonstrated greater resistance to distraction (SMD, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.26; P < .00001). No quantitative analysis was feasible from studies evaluating the effect of osseous resection due to the heterogeneity in methodology and outcome metrics assessed.

Conclusion:

Most biomechanical evidence supports capsulotomy repair or reconstruction to improve hip distractive stability at the end of hip arthroscopic surgery. While the repair of a torn labrum does not improve distractive resistance, it is superior to labral debridement in most biomechanical studies.
Student Engagement—Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Burger John , Newman Kevin , Stevens Doug
Published: February 2024

This study contributes to applied and theoretical research for schools and districts by exploring data-based evidence of the relationships between the Covid-19 pandemic and student engagement with school. The paper features trend data on student orientation to school assessed via the multi-dimensional Student Orientation to School Questionnaire (SOS-Q). The SOS-Q was initially developed to better understand the reasons for school dropout and has expanded to explicate a wider range of student-school engagement dynamics. This study demonstrates how student orientation to school may be effected by major extraneous factors and demonstrates the value of integrating valuable non-cognitive or affective measures within comprehensive student information and assessment systems augmenting both individual and cohort psychological supports.
Here for the people: The argument for making clinical ethics more patient-centred
Authors: Lukich Nikolija , Honan Lauren
Published: February 2024

Healthcare organizations aim to provide excellent, patient-centred care. Many departments within a hospital excel in achieving this goal, but clinical ethics service providers would benefit from becoming more patient-centred. This article considers how ethics services can add a patient-facing component to their strategic direction and work portfolio. Through a case example, suggestions to guide ethics service providers in expanding their duties and responsibilities are provided, including consultation with families and education sessions. This reframing would include clarifying the role of ethics within a healthcare organization, making services more accessible to patients, families and the community, as well as engaging with other disciplines to provide well-rounded patient care. While the work currently being done by clinical ethics services is important and ought to be continued, ethics service providers should strive to achieve the goal of improving patient experiences and directly contribute to the excellent care being provided.
A cancer cell nanotherapy method based on GHz film bulk acoustic resonator and nanoscale CaO2
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Nie Yulun , Wang Shuo , Sun Chengliang , Cai Yao , Liu Sheng
Published: February 2024

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging cancer treatment method in recent years. However, the ultrasound signal utilized for SDT is usually located at a low-frequency spectrum (<2 MHz), and in the field of SDT research, few studies have focused on the exploration and development of ultrasound frequency. Studies have shown that the GHz-level ultrasound can increase cell membrane permeability and have a negligible effect on cell vitality. Herein, we reported the study of a GHz thin film bulk acoustic resonator as an ultrasound source for synergistic treatment with nanoscale calcium peroxide (CaO2). It was discovered that this ultrasound source ultimately achieved an efficient therapeutic outcome on mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1. Such GHz-level ultrasound application in SDT is of high significance to broaden the cognition and application scope of SDT.
“The Risk to Reward for Being an Out Proud Survivor”: Reflections on the #MeToo Movement From Rural and Remote Australia
Authors: Innis Jessie , Chung Donna , Schulze Darcee
Published: February 2024

In October 2017, the #MeToo hashtag went viral on social media, emerging as a global medium for solidarity between women who had experienced sexual violence. However, the contextless nature of a hashtag meant that individual variations of experiences were erased in the positioning of #MeToo as a singular statement. Previous literature exposed a lack of understanding of how geographical factors contributed to the response and uptake of #MeToo. This phenomenological study explored rurality as an intersectional factor that influenced women's engagement with the #MeToo movement. Thirty-one women from rural and remote Australia participated in an anonymous online survey, sharing their experiences and perceptions. The barriers for engagement identified by participants mirror the social and structural factors that inhibit disclosure and help-seeking behaviour in rural and remote areas. Regardless of personal engagement, many of the participants felt a collective sense of strength and empowerment through the virtual solidarity of victims. The author concludes with the suggestion for an anonymous online platform for victims of sexual violence to connect and share their experiences. This format may allow victims the psychological benefits of disclosure whilst preventing the negative repercussions of speaking out publicly.
Elements of State and Federal Prison Suicide Prevention and Response Policies
Authors: Tartaro Christine , Alas Emily
Published: February 2024

There are no mandatory national standards for custodial suicide prevention and response programs in the United States. While some professional organizations do offer accreditation, those programs are optional. Recent research on jails found that most facilities have formal suicide prevention policies, but they differ in their comprehensiveness. Little is known about the elements of state and federal prison suicide prevention policies. This study involves an analysis of state- and federal-level department of corrections suicide prevention and response policies. Elements of each jurisdiction’s policies were compared against a list of best practices, developed by professional organizations and correctional suicide scholars, for suicide prevention and response. Results revealed that, on average, department policies contain about half of the recommended elements, and that some policies, including those that could improve the culture of each institution, are not included in most departmental policy documents.
Designing Effective Volunteering Appeals: Results of Choice-Based Conjoint and Latent Class Segmentation Analyses
Authors: Maria Jedicke Eva , Olk Stephan , Zogaj Adnan , Tscheulin Dieter K. , Lindenmeier Jörg
Published: February 2024

Volunteers represent an important resource for nonprofit organizations. The competition for volunteers is rising, increasing the pressure to optimize volunteer recruiting. One way to recruit volunteers is the use of volunteering appeals. To help optimize such volunteering appeals, we conducted two conjoint studies to identify the importance of design attributes of volunteering appeals as well as the utilities of the different attribute levels for potential volunteers by using choice-based conjoint analysis. The conjoint analyses are based on two student samples. We provide a segmentation of volunteers, allowing nonprofit organizations to design volunteering appeals according to specific target groups.
Collision avoidance for autonomous vehicles using reachability-based trajectory planning in highway driving
Authors: Raeesi Hadi , Khosravi Alireza , Sarhadi Pouria
Published: February 2024

As vehicle applications have evolved to a more intelligent and self-driving stage, autonomous vehicles have attracted more attention in recent years. This paper proposes a trajectory planner that considers feasibility, safety and passenger acceptance. This will ensure autonomous vehicles satisfy the constraints of the traffic environment, driving ability, and comfort drivers experience during collision avoidance. This paper deals with planning collision-free trajectories for autonomous vehicles on highways. The problem is formulated using reachability-based planning via zonotope. According to the vehicle dynamics model, the trajectory feasibility is determined by the vehicle motion feasibility set. The next step is to apply safety constraints to the base planner by collision avoidance checking. Given that this planner uses a receding horizon strategy, it selects a safe parameter in each planning iteration. At each stage of planning, the set of reachable vehicles should not intersect with any obstacles. Since braking cannot prevent a collision, this approach consists of lane changing and overtaking maneuvers to avoid collisions. Finally, knowledge from the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) standard is utilized to verify the algorithm performance. The efficiency and performance of different driving styles of trajectory planners are verified by vehicle tests under different vehicle velocities and different obstacle disturbances. Satisfactory results are obtained from the set of simulated scenarios.
Effects of different design and lightweight material on energy distribution and collision characteristics for hot-formed B-pillar using finite element simulation
Authors: Barut Ebru , Eker Ayşegül Akdoğan , Yöntem Orçun
Published: February 2024

In line with international environmental policies and efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the number of electric vehicles also shows a sharp increase. This increase is aimed at reducing energy use, vehicle lightening, and increasing passenger safety by leading vehicle manufacturers to use new generation materials. However, the use of newly developed materials in the automotive industry takes a long time, and the developments in the field of materials and vehicle technologies are progressing at different speeds. In this study; the B-pillar part of a B-segment car was analyzed with HPF2000 material instead of the current HPF1500 material using the finite element method. The designs prepared as two different options were simulated with Ls-Dyna according to EuroNCAP side impact test standards. As a result of the simulations, the effects of different design and material variables on energy absorption, collision characteristics, and lightness were examined. It was seen that the energy absorbed by the part increased by 2.9% thanks to the new material and design. Specific energy absorption, another feature indicating the collision characteristic, increased by 11.81%. The total weight of the part decreased by 9.7% with using new generation material. In summary; With the use of new generation high-strength hot-formed steels in vehicle parts, besides the vehicle’s lightness, the mechanical properties have improved the collision characteristics and vehicle safety has also increased.
Non-uniform flow characteristics and rotating instability of a transonic high-pressure compressor rotor with cavity bleed
Authors: Xu Chen , Chen Shaowen , Gong Yun
Published: February 2024

The presence of bleed in an aero engine’s compressor can significantly impact its flow characteristics and contribute to rotating instability. This study focuses on the impact of a typical cavity bleed structure on the internal flow characteristics of a compressor, specifically its circumferential non-uniformity and aerodynamic stability. A numerical simulation involving multiple flow passages was conducted on the transonic high-pressure rotor of the E3 compressor, considering its typical bleed structure. The study delves deep into the non-uniform flow characteristics and the mechanisms behind their generation in the compressor flow field. Furthermore, the influence of bleed on the rotating instability of the compressor is explored by comparing changes in compressor instability and adiabatic efficiency under uniform and non-uniform flow field conditions. The findings indicate that the axial position of the cavity bleed structure plays a crucial role in influencing key parameters such as rotor stall margin, peak efficiency, and total pressure ratio under near-stall conditions. The circumferential non-uniformity, resulting from the presence of the cavity bleed, intensifies with higher bleed air flow rates. For the upstream bleed configuration applied to the rotor, with a total bleed rate of 5%, the maximum variation in absolute flow angle at the inlet of different rotor channels can reach up to 1°. Additionally, the maximum difference in inlet flow coefficient can reach 0.0392. These findings demonstrate that the non-uniformity caused by the typical bleed structure leads to a loss in stall margin for the rotor when compared to a uniform flow field scheme.
COVID-19 epidemiology and performance of the WHO clinical algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 in people with HIV from Ukraine
Authors: Vasylyev Marta , Buhiichyk Vira , Buhiichyck Nadiia , Groenendijk Albert , Ben Iryna , Ostapiuk Lesya , Sluzhynska Maryana , Bierman Wouter F.W. , van Kampen Jeroen J.A. , Wit Ferdinand W.N.M. , Reiss Peter , Rijnders Bart J.A. , Sluzhynska Oleksandra , Rokx Casper
Published: February 2024

Background

The two main objectives were to evaluate the COVID-19 point prevalence and the test performance of the WHO case definition to diagnose COVID-19 clinically in people with HIV in West Ukraine.

Methods

Multicenter cross-sectional study in Lviv, Ukraine, from October 2020-November 2021. COVID-19 unvaccinated people with HIV were included regardless of COVID-19 symptoms at routine clinical visits and had standardized medical, quality of life (EQ(5D)) and SARS-CoV-2 serology assessments. Reported symptoms indicating potential COVID-19 events at inclusion or between March 2020 and inclusion were classified by the WHO case definition as suspected, probable or confirmed. A clinical COVID-19 case was defined as being SARS-CoV-2 seropositive with at least a suspected COVID-19 according to the WHO case definition. The primary endpoints were the clinical COVID-19 prevalence and the test characteristics of the WHO case definition with SARS-CoV-2 serology as reference. (Clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04711954).

Results

The 971 included people with HIV were median 40 years, 38.8% women, 44.8% had prior AIDS, and 55.6% had comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 40.1% (95%CI:37.0–43.1) and 20.5% (95%CI:18.0–23.1) had clinical COVID-19 median 4 months (IQR:2–7) before inclusion. Clinical COVID-19 occurred less frequently in people with HIV with tuberculosis history, injecting drug use, CD4+ T-cells <200/mL and unemployment. The quality of life was not impacted after COVID-19. An at least probable COVID-19 classification by the WHO case definition had 44.1% sensitivity (95%CI:38.7–49.7), 85.2% specificity (95%CI:81.5–88.4), 66.6% positive predictive value (95%CI:59.8–73.0) and 69.5% negative predictive value (95%CI:65.5–73.3) to diagnose COVID-19.

Conclusions

COVID-19 unvaccinated people with HIV from Ukraine had a significant COVID-19 rate and using the WHO case definition had insufficient diagnostic accuracy to diagnose these cases. The lower burden in vulnerable people with HIV was unexpected but might reflect a shielding effect.
Design improvement for suction shape in rotary compressor
Authors: Kim Joonhyung , Kwon Munseong , Park Jaewoo , Park Sunghyuk , Hwang Woong
Published: February 2024

Rotary compressors applied to heating and cooling cycles accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumed in the system. Therefore, improving compressor efficiency is crucial in order to reduce energy consumption. Design review and improvement efforts have primarily focused on compression and discharge parts with high pressure. However, due to the limitations in design improvements for the compression and discharge parts, enhancements for other components are necessary to further increase compressor efficiency. In this study, the design of the suction part of the rotary compressor was modified using FSI (Fluid-Structure Interact) analysis scheme. In order to improve the design of the suction shape, new suction shape types were devised as alternatives to the existing through type. Both the newly devised C-type and E-type suction shapes presented an increase in cooling capacity due to reduced suction resistance, with the E-type demonstrating greater improvement compared to the C-type. Consequently, a verification of the effect based on the detailed design dimensions was further conducted for the E-type suction shape. The final selected improved model increased the suction flow rate by approximately 2.5% compared to the base model. This indicates that significant improvement for the compressor efficiency can be achieved through modifying designs in parts other than the compression and discharge sections. In addition, a design improvement process was established to analyze internal flow using FSI analysis.
Conversational AI Chatbots in library research: An integrative review and future research agenda
Authors: Aboelmaged Mohamed , Bani-Melhem Shaker , Ahmad Al-Hawari Mohd , Ahmad Ifzal
Published: February 2024

The growing role of conversational AI Chatbots continues to change the library and information service landscape. Chatbots are replacing some of the library services that humans conventionally perform. In the era of instant evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), the role of Chatbots in libraries keeps expanding and acquiring more experience. This paper aims to examine the extant research on library Chatbots using an integrative literature review (ILR) approach. Empirical and non-empirical papers from the Scopus database to ascertain what is already known about the topic. Forty papers (articles and conference papers) were scrutinized for further analysis. The leading emergent themes in the literature were (1) The evolution of Chatbots technology in libraries, (2) Antecedents for Chatbot use in libraries, (3) User experience with Chatbot use in libraries, (4) Chatbot use in libraries amidst COVID-19, and (5) Challenges facing Chatbot use in libraries. Research on Chatbots in library services is still embryonic and has only begun to flourish. Nevertheless, there is still a significant research gap despite its surging curve. The findings of this integrative review contribute to the body of knowledge on the nexus between artificial intelligence and library operations. It also furnishes academics and practitioners with six potential directions for future research opportunities.
Information literacy of higher vocational college students in digital age
Authors: Liu Liming , Wang Siping , Chen Juntao , Li Hua , Gui Jianting , Zhang Ruifang
Published: February 2024

The digital age presents greater challenges to information literacy. However, the level of information literacy in different regions and populations is still controversial, especially for students in college or university. To investigate the information literacy level of college students in Guangzhou area of Guangdong Province, China, and provide a basis for guiding students to improve information literacy. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2023. The information literacy questionnaire was used to evaluate student’s information literacy, which included basic information and information literacy scale. Statistical description, non-parametric testing, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. A total of 1700 participants, 57.6% of the students had medium information literacy, and average score of information literacy was 226.84 ± 39.83. The number of students using laptops and mobile phones reached 83.8 and 86.5%, respectively. 45.7% of the students had their first contact with mobile phones in junior high school, 49.9% in primary school, but their information literacy is not ideal. The lowest score was 3.74 for information management and communication, followed by 3.75 for information retrieval and acquisition. The results of regression analysis demonstrated that grade, place of high school study, information literacy course, the time of first contact with mobile phones and the type of using electronic information equipment affected students' information literacy ( p < 0.05). The information literacy of students in higher vocational colleges is in the middle level. Although the use of electronic information equipment is popular, the overall level of information literacy still needs to be strengthened, especially for attach importance to information retrieval and acquisition, management and communication literacy. Students’ systematic learning process requires colleges to provide systematic and professional information literacy curriculum teaching.
A Study on the Effect of Role Stress, LMX and TMX on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour of Nurses and Their Mediation by Team Commitment
Authors: Dasgupta Prasanjit
Published: February 2024

Nurses’ job of caring for critically ill patients requires demonstration of behaviour some of which may not be there in their job description. These voluntary behaviours without expectation of reward or favour are referred to as Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). Patient care is a teamwork, close and cooperative interaction for work within the team and with team leaders, that is, TMX (team-member exchange) and LMX (leader-member exchange), leads to a feeling of commitment known as team commitment and nurses are expected to display OCB to maintain their team membership. Job of nursing imbibes several factors that cause stress to the nurses; these stressors eventually lead to burnout. Stress and burnout harm patient care and particularly on their OCB.

In total, 506 nurses from 5 hospitals of Kolkata participated in the study. Result showed that LMX and TMX significantly relate to OCB and nurses’ role stress negatively relates to the OCB of nurses. Team commitments fully mediate effect of nurses’ role stress on OCB of nurses and partially mediates the relationship between LMX and TMX with OCB. This study may be helpful to Healthcare Managers to devise appropriate strategies to enhance the OCB of nurses. Shortcomings of the study and scope for further research discussed.
Celebrity Credibility by Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Regression Analysis
Authors: Bakirtas Hulya , Celik Mukaddes Ozlem
Published: February 2024

Previous studies on reading habits overlooked the potential role of celebrities in reading books. This study assesses how celebrities influence young people to purchase books. The study, which is based on the fsQCA, helps to reveal some of the subtleties related to the intention of young people to purchase books. The data were collected in two stages. In the first phase, a preliminary study was conducted in order to determine the celebrities that young people liked and followed. Preliminary research was carried out at a university in Turkey. In the first phase, 332 surveys were completed. In the second phase, a total of 620 surveys were completed. The study used regression analysis and fsQCA. It was found that celebrities and TV series have a significant effect on book purchase intention. It is also seen that celebrities influence the intention of young people to purchase books again. The findings have important implications on celebrity effect for both publishers and consumers.
Analysing Factors Driving Purchase and Consumption Behaviour Towards Organic Food
Authors: Guru Sunita , Thanki Shashank , Thakkar Jitesh J.
Published: February 2024

Personal health, food safety and environmental concerns significantly contribute to the purchase and consumption of organic food. Several countries, including India, are turning their attention to encouraging organic food farming and purchasing to comply with sustainable development goals. This research identifies and analyses the motivational factors critical to the purchase and consumption of organic food and also extends a roadmap to the food industries for sustainable growth. A list of factors driving the purchase and consumption of organic food was extracted from the literature. Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS), Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (Fuzzy SAW) and Borda method are used to prioritize the identified motivational factors followed by the sensitivity analysis to simulate dynamic various market requirements and challenges. The findings substantiate that chemical free, no artificial ingredients, good for body, healthy and awareness about health significantly influence the purchase and consumption of organic food products. To ensure sustainable production and consumption of organic food, it is vital for government policymakers, organizations involved in production, marketing and distribution of the organic food to understand and critically evaluate various factors affecting the purchase and consumption intensions of the consumers.
Empowering Indigenous Wealth: Analyzing Financial Literacy, Risk Preferences and Stock Market Engagement within Scheduled Tribes in India
Authors: Singh Bhushan , Singh Mohinder , Dahiya Suman
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to address the enduring multi-dimensional poverty faced by nearly 65 million Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India, with one prominent cause being their limited investments in productive financial assets. Financial literacy has been identified as a crucial factor in enhancing personal financial management skills. The focus is specifically on investigating the relationship between financial literacy, sociodemographic factors and stock market participation among STs in Himachal Pradesh, India. Using a structured questionnaire, data was collected from 300 ST households. The study employed multinomial logistic regression to analyze the impact of financial literacy and sociodemographic variables on stock market participation. The findings indicate that a significant majority of STs (over 80%) lack financial awareness and do not participate in the stock market. Notably, financial illiteracy, risk tolerance, age, education and income were identified as significant factors influencing SMP. The insights derived from this research offer valuable guidance for policymakers, financial institutions and educators, urging the development of targeted interventions. These interventions should empower tribal individuals to make informed financial decisions and encourage their engagement in stock market activities.
Traditional and Contemporary Eco-cosmologies Within Western and Christian Traditions: Green Shoots for Integral and Integrative Sustainability Transformation
Authors: Byrne Edmond Philip
Published: February 2024

This article traces persistent and important counter-narratives within Western and Christian traditions, which correlate more closely with many indigenous worldviews from across the globe than with dominant narratives from across these traditions. It posits that a paradigmatic transformation is required toward an integral and integrative eco-cosmology, one that embraces cosmic interconnection and complexity. This may emerge from green shoots emanating from a diverse range of traditions, including, importantly, from within the dominant Western tradition.
Morin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Caspase-mediated Apoptotic Cell Death in Glioma C6 Cell Line
Authors: Zhu Shan , Yuan Huisheng , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Almoallim Hesham S. , Wang ChangLi
Published: February 2024

Background

Glioma is a recurrent form of primary malignant cancer that occurs in the brain and central nervous system. The adults are the major victims of gliomas, and the men are mostly affected. At present, gliomas are treated with surgical resection followed by radiation and the administration of chemodrugs such as temozolomide. The invasive and high recurrence rate of gliomas often reduces the effectiveness of treatment, which leads to poor recovery. Hence, more potent drugs without side effects on long-term treatment need to be discovered to treat gliomas. Morin is one such promising phytochemical that possesses immense pharmacological properties. It is proven to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. The current research focuses on examining the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing potency of morin against glioma C6 cells.

Materials and Methods

Rat C6 glioma cells were treated with different concentrations of morin and analyzed for cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by morin in glioma cells were examined with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) and rhodamine 123 staining. The apoptotic induction in glioma cells was analyzed with dual staining and it was confirmed by quantifying the apoptotic protein using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The anti-inflammatory property of morin was assessed by the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using the ELISA technique.

Results

Our MTT results show that morin treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of rat C6 glioma cells. It also significantly increased ROS generation and decreased MMP in rat C6 glioma cells. Morin treatment also effectively increased caspase-3 and caspase-9, the proapoptotic protein Bax, and decreased the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The induction of apoptosis by morin in glioma cells was evident with our acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining results. Morin also decreased the inflammatory cytokine levels in rat C6 glioma cells.

Conclusion

Our findings have proven that morin significantly induces apoptosis by increasing the levels of apoptotic protein via the generation of ROS. It also effectively reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, thereby exerting anticancer activity against glioma cells. Therefore, morin can be subjected to further research to be designed as a potent anticancer drug to treat gliomas.
Appearance and Chemical Characteristics of Seeds of Radish with Different Skin Colors
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Ma Chunyan , Elsehemy Islam A. , Dou Deqiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Different parts of radish, such as the roots, leaves, and seeds, can be used in culinary and traditional medicine treatments in East Asia.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore the difference of Raphani Semen (RS) which is sourced from radishes (R) with red skin (RRS), green skin (GRS), and white skin (WRS) through their appearance and chemical characteristics.

Materials and Methods

A total of 25 batches of RRS, GRS, and WRS products were collected. The length, width, thickness, shape, flavor, and skin color of RS were carried out using vernier caliper and flavor rating assessment, respectively. The HPLC-DAD method was used to establish fingerprint analysis and measure the contents of sinapine thiocyanate and 3,6’-disinapoyl sucrose.

Results

It was shown that the appearance and content varied in RRS, GRS, and WRS. In addition, the method of PLS-DA and LDA can differentiate RRS, GRS, and WRS.

Conclusion

RS is diverse, and the appearance and chemical characteristics can be used to differentiate RRS, WRS, and GRS.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants Using Bayley Scale of Infant Development-III (BSID-III): A Tertiary Care Centre Study
Authors: Athreya Shubha , Paul Abhishek , HA Venkatesh , Nagesh Karthik , Swamy Ravi
Published: February 2024

Background

Survival of preterm babies has improved and the focus now is on intact survival. Early detection of developmental delay is crucial so that diagnostic-specific early intervention can be commenced to optimize neuroplasticity.

Objective

Primary: To assess the neurodevelopmental outcome by measuring preterm infants’ mean composite score for cognition, language, and motor skills. Secondary: To calculate the degree of developmental delay.

Study design

A Cohort Study.

Participants

Preterm neonates.

Intervention

Bayley-III assessment done between 18 and 42 months.

Results

Seventy preterm neonates were assessed between 18 and 42 months of age. They were divided into two groups based on gestational age. Mean composite score for cognition (<30 weeks = 79.84 ± 7.88 and >30 weeks = 86.32 ± 9.28; 95%CI: 81.16–85.55), language (<30 weeks = 79.16 ± 11.55 and >30 weeks = 89.37 ± 11.61; 95%CI: 81.90–87.70), and mean Motor scores (<30 weeks 81.69 ± 17.82 and >30 weeks = 89.84 ± 10.46; 95%CI: 82.59–89.63) were statistically significant. There was more than half the standard deviation deficit of composite scores between the two groups. Eighty-one percent had a moderate delay in cognition in the <30 weeks group as compared to 65.8% in >30 weeks. Similarly, for language and motor scores, 43.8% and 31.3% had a moderate delay in <30 weeks as compared to 39.5% and 42.1% for >30 weeks, respectively.

Conclusion

Higher composite scores were observed among infants >30 weeks gestation. There was more than half a standard deviation deficit in composite scores among those <30 weeks of gestational age. The most affected was the language component.
Institutionalised Xenophobia: African Migrants’ Experiences and Perceptions of Service Delivery at a Selected South African Department of Home Affairs
Authors: Umeh Akachukwu Darlington , Olofinbiyi Sogo Angel , Gopal Nirmala
Published: February 2024

This study delved into a conceptual analysis of African migrants’ experiences and perceptions of service delivery at a purposely selected Department of Home Affairs and Immigration Services in South Africa. A mixed-methods design comprising a cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions was conducted with black African migrants awaiting service delivery at the Durban Department of Home Affairs. The findings were discussed within the context of the relative deprivation theory. The study unfolds South Africans’ negative perceptions of African immigrants as vectors of insecurity, criminality and economic hardship for the citizenry, as well as a systemic anathema to South Africa’s state sovereignty. It holistically ascribes the phenomenon to an attendant consequence of unlawful racial discrimination emanating from institutionalised xenophobia, a recently emerged concept that this current study has referred to as Afrophobia.
Understanding the Exiting and Re-Entering Experiences of Street-Based Prostitution Among Young Women in Gondar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Yosef Robel Yohannes , Bihonegn Adugna Abebe
Published: February 2024

Although street-based prostitution is a rapidly growing social phenomenon in Ethiopian cities, there is little scholarly attention given to address the issue. This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experiences of women who attempted to exit street prostitution in Gondar city. Thirteen study participants were chosen using the snowball sampling technique. In-depth interviews were used to gather qualitative data, which were then analyzed thematically. The study revealed formal support services, family support, spirituality, and saving money as important factors leading women to successfully exit from prostitution. However, some participants reported that structural problems, drug addiction, and societal attitudes led them to return to street prostitution. This study suggests that to help women successfully leave prostitution, interventions for exiting strategies should focus on economic strengthening activities as well as rehabilitation services including substance abuse treatment.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the bonding conditions of piezoelectric sensors under high compressive strains on structures
Authors: Negi Prateek , Kaur Naveet , Kumar Pardeep
Published: February 2024

In the past two decades, thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors have been widely used in the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for sensing applications, particularly for monitoring civil structures. They are typically surface bonded using an industrial adhesive to the monitored structure. The bond between a PZT sensor and structure must be sufficiently strong to transmit the response of the structure to the sensor. In this study, acrylic cubes bonded with PZT patches are subjected to high compressive strains above 2000 με to develop a better understanding of bonding conditions when structures undergo such high strains. Acrylic can undergo such high strains without developing fissures or cracks. Thus, the recorded EMI response only reflects changes in the bonding condition due to the development of strains. The experiments are also numerically supplemented by simulating various debonding conditions. At higher strains, it was observed that the admittance signatures tend to behave similarly to a freely vibrating PZT patch, indicating debonding around the periphery. Even after the complete unloading of the structure, the signatures did not return to their initial state, indicating a permanent partial debonding. The strains developed on a loaded structure are not uniform and can be localized due to structural imperfections, resulting in higher strains in the region where a sensor is bonded. The insights from this study will aid in expanding the scope of the application of PZT sensors for monitoring civil structures through better comprehension of the PZT-structure bond under high compressive strains.
Pseudo-Active Actuators With Positive-Negative Dampings
Authors: Bai Xianxu “Frank” , Chen Jianchuan
Published: February 2024

Although semi-active actuators have the advantages of low power consumption, simple structure, and high reliability, their output force and excitation are always in the same direction, and they can only achieve mechanical properties in the first and third quadrants of the force-velocity diagram. Thence, the performance of semi-active actuator-based systems is incomparable to that of active actuator-based systems. Inspired by the concept of “four-quadrant operation” of active actuators such as motors, this paper proposes the configuration and principle of a pseudo-active actuator with four-quadrant controllability performance. The proposed pseudo-active actuator consists of two secondary semi-active damping actuators and a mechanical compensation mechanism, which can conditionally achieve the characteristics of arbitrary adjustment within the four quadrants of the force-velocity diagrams. Through the mechanical compensation mechanism, the output force of the first semi-active actuator is the same as the excitation direction, and the output force of the second semi-active actuator is opposite to the excitation. Tuning the inputs of the two semi-active actuators allows real-time and continuous control of the mechanical outputs of the pseudo-active actuators in the four-quadrant diagram. Based on the structural principle of the pseudo-active actuator, the mechanical properties of the pseudo-active actuator are analyzed. An experimental test bench is established to verify the controllable mechanical properties of the pseudo-active actuator prototype.
Aligning Development Aid toward Sustainable Development Goals: When and Where is Aid Effective on the Health Workforce?
Authors: Wang Yong , Perera Sandun C. , Mangla Sachin K. , Han Linna , Song Malin
Published: February 2024

Ensuring universal health coverage is one of the top priorities under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization recognizes the critical role of the health workforce in promoting this mission. However, developing countries throughout the world often experience shortages in the health workforce, especially during pandemic outbreaks such as coronavirus disease 2019. Governments and humanitarian organizations worldwide have supported health workforce development through development aid, but many questions remain about its effectiveness. Therefore, this study investigates whether development aid is effective toward health workforce growth, in general, and when and where the aid is effective within various segments of the health workforce, in particular. Furthermore, the study explores the role of government behavior in recipient countries and the introduction of SDG-3 on aid effectiveness for the health workforce. Analyzing data pertaining to 134 developing countries using fixed-, moderating-, threshold-effects regression models and event study methods, we derive the following results: First, all forms of development aid contribute positively to the health workforce from a “universal” perspective. Second, we establish that aid can be an effective catalyst for “physicians and clinical officials” and the “total health workforce” only when the current workforce density of the corresponding workforce segment exceeds a certain threshold. Thus, countries with severe shortages in the total health workforce as well as physicians and clinical officials, have difficulty reaping the dividends of health personnel development aid. Fortunately, we find a breakthrough from the perspective of “nurses and midwives” wherein the development aid is shown to be always effective for this leading segment of the health workforce. Finally, it is shown that increased government health expenditure, government effectiveness of recipient countries, and the introduction of SDG-3.c significantly enhance aid effectiveness. Our study directly benefits funding managers with development aid allocation and implicitly enhances donor recognition and confidence in health personnel development aid, thereby supporting the universal health coverage goals of the United Nations and the World Health Organization.