bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implikationen für eine partizipative politische Bildung
Authors: Kenner Steve
Published: September 2021

Wenngleich die vorliegende Arbeit eine sozialwissenschaftliche Analyse ist und keinen verfassungs- oder schulrechtlichen Fokus hat, ist ein Blick auf die Verankerung von Partizipationsrechten der Schüler*innen dringend geboten, denn sie bildet die Grundlage für eine selbstbestimmte Beteiligung. Der Politikdidaktiker Reinhold Hedtke konstatiert, dass die „Erfahrung von echter, ernsthafter und effektiver politischer Partizipation […] dem schulischen und außerschulischen Alltag der Schüler*innen fremd“ bleibe. Wenn eine handlungsorientierte Politikdidaktik reale politische Handlungserfahrungen einbeziehen will, braucht es aber Freiräume in der Schule und im sozialen Nahraum, und diese dürfen nicht abhängig sein vom Wohlwollen der Lehrkräfte oder der Schulleitungen. In diesem Kapitel werden auf Grundlage der empirischen Untersuchung Implikationen für eine partizipative politische Bildung abgeleitet.
Challenges for an axion explanation of the muon g − 2 measurement
Authors: Buen-Abad Manuel A. , Fan JiJi , Reece Matthew , Sun Chen
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The discrepancy between the muon g − 2 measurement and the Standard Model prediction points to new physics around or below the weak scale. It is tantalizing to consider the loop effects of a heavy axion (in the general sense, also known as an axion-like particle) coupling to leptons and photons as an explanation for this discrepancy. We provide an updated analysis of the necessary couplings, including two-loop contributions, and find that the new physics operators point to an axion decay constant on the order of 10s of GeV. This poses major problems for such an explanation, as the axion couplings to leptons and photons must be generated at low scales. We outline some possibilities for how such couplings can arise, and find that these scenarios predict new charged matter at or below the weak scale and new scalars can mix with the Higgs boson, raising numerous phenomenological challenges. These scenarios also all predict additional contributions to the muon g−2 itself, calling the initial application of the axion effective theory into question. We conclude that there is little reason to favor an axion explanation of the muon g – 2 measurement relative to other models postulating new weak-scale matter.
Non-abelian fermionic T-duality in supergravity
Authors: Astrakhantsev Lev , Bakhmatov Ilya , Musaev Edvard T.
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Field transformation rules of the standard fermionic T-duality require fermionic isometries to anticommute, which leads to complexification of the Killing spinors and results in complex valued dual backgrounds. We generalize the field transformations to the setting with non-anticommuting fermionic isometries and show that the resulting backgrounds are solutions of double field theory. Explicit examples of non-abelian fermionic T-dualities that produce real backgrounds are given. Some of our examples can be bosonic T-dualized into usual supergravity solutions, while the others are genuinely non-geometric. Comparison with alternative treatment based on sigma models on supercosets shows consistency.
Long- and Short-Term Monitoring of a Dam in Response to Seasonal Changes and Ground Motion Loading: The Test Case of the Kurpsai Dam, Western Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Pilz Marco , Isken Marius Paul , Fleming Kevin , Orunbaev Sagynbek , Moldobekov Bolot
Published: September 2021

An experimental multi-parameter structural monitoring system has been installed on the Kurpsai dam, western Kyrgyz Republic. This system consists of equipment for seismic and strain measurements for making longer- (days, weeks, months) and shorter- (minutes, hours) term observations, dealing with, for example seasonal (longer) effects or the response of the dam to ground motion from noise or seismic events. Fibre-optic strain sensors allow the seasonal and daily opening and closing of the spaces between the dam’s segments to be tracked. For the seismic data, both amplitude (in terms of using differences in amplitudes in the Fourier spectra for mapping the modes of vibration of the dam) and their time–frequency distribution for a set of small to moderate seismic events are investigated and the corresponding phase variabilities (in terms of lagged coherency) are evaluated. Even for moderate levels of seismic-induced ground motion, some influence on the structural response can be detected, which then sees the dam quickly return to its original state. A seasonal component was identified in the strain measurements, while levels of noise arising from the operation of the dam's generators and associated water flow have been provisionally identified.
Three-dimensional numerical and experimental study of fracture saturation in panel paintings
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub , Zabari Noemi , Bratasz Łukasz
Published: September 2021

Panel paintings—complex multi-layer structures consisting of wood support and a paint layer composed of a preparatory layer of gesso, paints, and varnishes—are among the category of cultural objects most vulnerable to relative humidity fluctuations and frequently found in museum collections. The current environmental specifications in museums have been derived using the criterion of crack initiation in an undamaged, usually new gesso layer laid on wood. In reality, historical paintings exhibit complex crack patterns called craquelures. The present paper analyses the structural response of a paint layer with a virtual network of rectangular cracks under environmental loadings using a three-dimensional model of a panel painting. Two modes of loading are considered—one induced by one-dimensional moisture response of wood support, termed the tangential loading, and the other isotropic induced by drying shrinkage of the gesso layer. The superposition of the two modes is also analysed. The modelling showed that minimum distances between cracks parallel to the wood grain depended on the gesso stiffness under the tangential loading. Despite a nonzero Poisson’s ratio, gesso cracks perpendicular to the wood grain could not be generated by the moisture response of the wood support. The isotropic drying shrinkage of gesso produced cracks that were almost evenly spaced in both directions. The modelling results were cross-checked with crack patterns obtained on a mock-up of a panel painting exposed to several extreme environmental variations in an environmental chamber.
High frequency of prospecting for informed dispersal and colonisation in a social species at large spatial scale
Authors: Oro Daniel , Bécares Juan , Bartumeus Frederic , Arcos José Manuel
Published: September 2021

Animals explore and prospect space searching for resources and individuals may disperse, targeting suitable patches to increase fitness. Nevertheless, dispersal is costly because it implies leaving the patch where the individual has gathered information and reduced uncertainty. In social species, information gathered during the prospection process for deciding whether and where to disperse is not only personal but also public, i.e. conspecific density and breeding performance. In empty patches, public information is not available and dispersal for colonisation would be more challenging. Here we study the prospecting in a metapopulation of colonial Audouin’s gulls using PTT platform terminal transmitters tagging for up to 4 years and GPS tagging during the incubation period. A large percentage of birds (65%) prospected occupied patches; strikingly, 62% of prospectors also visited empty patches that were colonised in later years. Frequency and intensity of prospecting were higher for failed breeders, who dispersed more than successful breeders. Prospecting and dispersal also occurred mostly to neighbouring patches where population density was higher. GPSs revealed that many breeders (59%) prospected while actively incubating, which suggests that they gathered information before knowing the fate of their reproduction. Prospecting may be enhanced in species adapted to breed in ephemeral habitats, such as Audouin’s gulls. Interestingly, none of the tracked individuals colonised an empty patch despite having prospected over a period of up to three consecutive years. Lack of public information in empty patches may drive extended prospecting, long time delays in colonisation and non-linear transient phenomena in metapopulation dynamics and species range expansion.
Multi-species prey dynamics influence local survival in resident and wintering generalist predators
Authors: Oro Daniel , Sanz-Aguilar Ana , Carbonell Francesc , Grajera Joan , Torre Ignasi
Published: September 2021

Stochasticity in food availability influences vital rates such as survival and fertility. Life-history theory predicts that in long-lived organisms, survival should be buffered against environmental stochasticity showing little temporal variability. Furthermore, to optimize survival prospects, many animal species perform migrations to wintering areas where food availability is larger. Species with large latitudinal distribution ranges may show populations that migrate and others that are resident, and they may co-occur in winter. One example of these species is the predatory raptor buzzardButeo buteo. Here, we test whether temporal variability in the density of five small mammal species of prey inhabiting different habitats (shrubland and forests) influences local annual survival of buzzards in a wintering area depending on their age and residency status (residents versus wintering individuals). We found that prey density explained a considerable amount of annual changes in local survival, which was higher for older and resident birds. This difference in local survival likely corresponded to philopatry to the wintering area, which was larger for residents and increased when prey density was larger. The total density of prey inhabiting open shrublands was the variable explaining more variance in temporal variability of local survival, even though the study area is mostly occupied by woodlands. Temporal population dynamics of the different small mammals inhabiting shrublands were not synchronous, which suggests that buzzards preyed opportunistically on the most abundant prey each winter. Generalist predation may buffer the impact of resource unpredictability for pulsed and asynchronous prey dynamics, typical of small mammals in winter.
Korevaar–Schoen’s energy on strongly rectifiable spaces
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Tyulenev Alexander
Published: September 2021

We extend Korevaar–Schoen’s theory of metric valued Sobolev maps to cover the case of the source space being an $$\mathsf{RCD}$$
RCD
space. In this situation it appears that no version of the ‘subpartition lemma’ holds: to obtain both existence of the limit of the approximated energies and the lower semicontinuity of the limit energy we shall rely on:

the fact that such spaces are ‘strongly rectifiable’ a notion which is first-order in nature (as opposed to measure-contraction-like properties, which are of second order). This fact is particularly useful in combination with Kirchheim’s metric differentiability theorem, as it allows to obtain an approximate metric differentiability result which in turn quickly provides a representation for the energy density,

the differential calculus developed by the first author which allows, thanks to a representation formula for the energy that we prove here, to obtain the desired lower semicontinuity from the closure of the abstract differential.

When the target space is $$\mathsf{CAT}(0)$$

CAT
(
0
)

we can also identify the energy density as the Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the differential, in line with the smooth situation.
Variational formulas for submanifolds of fixed degree
Authors: Citti Giovanna , Giovannardi Gianmarco , Ritoré Manuel
Published: September 2021

We consider in this paper an area functional defined on submanifolds of fixed degree immersed into a graded manifold equipped with a Riemannian metric. Since the expression of this area depends on the degree, not all variations are admissible. It turns out that the associated variational vector fields must satisfy a system of partial differential equations of first order on the submanifold. Moreover, given a vector field solution of this system, we provide a sufficient condition that guarantees the possibility of deforming the original submanifold by variations preserving its degree. As in the case of singular curves in sub-Riemannian geometry, there are examples of isolated surfaces that cannot be deformed in any direction. When the deformability condition holds we compute the Euler–Lagrange equations. The resulting mean curvature operator can be of third order.
Does stereoscopic imaging improve the memorization of medical imaging by neurosurgeons? Experience of a single institution
Authors: Schlinkmann Nicolas , Khakhar Rutvik , Picht Thomas , Piper Sophie K. , Fekonja Lucius S. , Vajkoczy Peter , Acker Gueliz
Published: September 2021

Stereoscopic imaging has increasingly been used in anatomical teaching and neurosurgery. The aim of our study was to analyze the potential utility of stereoscopic imaging as a tool for memorizing neurosurgical patient cases compared to conventional monoscopic visualization. A total of 16 residents and 6 consultants from the Department of Neurosurgery at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin were recruited for the study. They were divided into two equally experienced groups. A comparative analysis of both imaging modalities was conducted in which four different cases were assessed by the participants. Following the image assessment, two questionnaires, one analyzing the subjective judgment using the 5-point Likert Scale and the other assessing the memorization and anatomical accuracy, were completed by all participants. Both groups had the same median year of experience (5) and stereoacuity (≤ 75 s of arc). The analysis of the first questionnaire demonstrated significant subjective superiority of the monoscopic imaging in evaluation of the pathology (median: monoscopic: 4; stereoscopic: 3; p = 0.020) and in handling of the system (median: monoscopic: 5; stereoscopic: 2; p < 0.001). The second questionnaire showed that the anatomical characterization of the pathologies was comparable between both visualization methods. Most participants rated the stereoscopic visualization as worse compared to the monoscopic visualization, probably due to a lack of familiarity with the newer technique. Stereoscopic imaging, however, was not objectively inferior to traditional monoscopic imaging for anatomical comprehension. Further methodological developments and incorporation in routine clinical workflows will most likely enhance the usability and acceptance of stereoscopic visualization.
Complementarity Modeling of a Ramsey-Type Equilibrium Problem with Heterogeneous Agents
Authors: Frerick Leonhard , Müller-Fürstenberger Georg , Schmidt Martin , Späth Max
Published: September 2021

We contribute to the field of Ramsey-type equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents. To this end, we state such a model in a time-continuous and time-discrete form, which in the latter case leads to a finite-dimensional mixed complementarity problem. We prove the existence of solutions of the latter problem using the theory of variational inequalities and present further properties of its solutions. Finally, we compute the growth dynamics in a calibrated model in which households differ with respect to their relative risk aversion, their discount factors, their initial wealth, and with respect to their interest rates on savings.
Well-being and its relationship with sports and physical activity of students during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Pietsch Stefanie , Linder Stefanie , Jansen Petra
Published: September 2021

The main goal of this correlational study is to examine the changes in the amount and type of physical activity of students of various study programs during the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the motives for these changes as well as their relationship with general well-being are investigated. Therefore, 243 students (sport science, humanities, natural sciences) answered questions concerning (a) the amount and type of their physical activity before and during the pandemic, (b) their well-being and (c) their optimism/pessimism. The main result of the study is that the type and the motives for sports and physical activity changed for the study participants during the coronavirus pandemic: Team sports and swimming decreased, while individual sports and physical activity not associated with a sports club/business and with digital media increased. In this study the difference in sports and physical activity seemed to be related to well-being, especially for the students of sport science and humanities. To conclude the study indicated that a change occurred in the type of sports and physical activity as well as change in the motives for physical exercise in students during the pandemic.
Resilience of environmental policy amidst the rise of conservative populism
Authors: Mostafavi Nariman , Fiocchi João , Dellacasa Manuel García , Hoque Simi
Published: September 2021

Sustainability has for long been promoted as a medium for social and economic development, one that focuses on constant availability of natural assets and ecological amenities. By questioning the possibility of reaching a balanced and sustainable state of functioning for social-ecological systems, resilience improves the static framework of sustainability by acknowledging non-linear behavior of complex systems, inevitability of change, and consistent presence of uncertainty. At the core of sustainable development, environmental policy is embedded in the socio-spatial structures that constantly re-organize and breed uncertainty, such as political, economic, and climate uncertainty. These uncertainties create episodes of instability that shock the entire system including the structures of environmental protection. In this article, focusing on the aftermath of 2016 US presidential election and 2018 general election in Brazil, both broadly recognized as political shocks, we highlight the vulnerabilities of environmental protection structures to the rise of conservative populist movements. We attribute these vulnerabilities, partially, to the superiority of market-based instruments, as well as apolitical understandings of resilience under neoliberalism that overlook political instabilities and socio-spatial outcomes of neoliberal restructuring projects. In our assessment, political unpreparedness of sustainability against the right-wing onslaught in the US and Brazil further underlines the need for resilience theory to incorporate sources of political instability in order to protect the environment.
Evaluation of sonication on stability-indicating properties of optimized pilocarpine hydrochloride-loaded niosomes in ocular drug delivery
Authors: Owodeha-Ashaka Kruga , Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Iyire Affiong
Published: September 2021

Niosomes are increasingly explored for enhancing drug penetration and retention in ocular tissues for both posterior and anterior eye delivery. They have been employed in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, but their use is still plagued with challenges of stability and poor entrapment efficiency particularly with hydrophilic drugs. As a result, focus is on understanding the parameters that affect their stability and their optimization for improved results. Pilocarpine hydrochloride (HCl), a hydrophilic drug is used in the management of intraocular pressure in glaucoma. We aimed at optimizing pilocarpine HCl niosomes and evaluating the effect of sonication on its stability-indicating properties such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Pilocarpine niosomes were prepared by ether injection method. Composition concentrations were varied and the effects of these variations on niosomal properties were evaluated. The effects of sonication on niosomes were determined by sonicating optimized drug-loaded formulations for 30 min and 60 min. Tween 60 was confirmed to be more suitable over Span 60 for encapsulating hydrophilic drugs, resulting in the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) and better polydispersity and particle size indices. Optimum sonication duration as a process variable was determined to be 30 min which increased EE from 24.5% to 42% and zeta potential from (−)14.39 ± 8.55 mV to (−)18.92 ± 7.53 mV. In addition to selecting the appropriate surfactants and varying product composition concentrations, optimizing sonication parameters can be used to fine-tune niosomal properties to those most desirable for extended eye retainment and maintenance of long term stability.
Meromorphic Functions with Three Radially Distributed Values
Authors: Bergweiler Walter , Eremenko Alexandre
Published: September 2021

We consider transcendental meromorphic functions for which the zeros, 1-points and poles are distributed on three distinct rays. We show that such functions exist if and only if the rays are equally spaced. We also obtain a normal family analogue of this result.
Effect of a high-fat diet and chromium on hormones level and Cr retention in rats
Authors: Stępniowska A. , Tutaj K. , Juśkiewicz J. , Ognik K.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The aim of the study was to determine how the administration of a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium to rats affects accumulation of this element in the tissues and levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine, as well as selected mineral elements.

Methods

The experiment was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 8 experimental groups. The rats received standard diet or high fat diet (HFD) with addition of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium(III)-methioninate (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP).

Results

Chromium in organic forms was found to be better retained in the body of rats than Cr in nanoparticles form. However, Cr-Pic was the only form that increased the insulin level, which indicates its beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. In blood plasma of rats fed a high-fat diet noted an increased level of serotonin and a reduced level of noradrenaline. The addition of Cr to the diet, irrespective of its form, also increased the serotonin level, which should be considered a beneficial effect. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an unfavourable reduction in the plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn. The reduction of P in the plasma induced by supplementation with Cr in the form of Cr-Pic or Cr-NP may exacerbate the adverse effect of a high-fat diet on the level of this element.

Conclusion

A high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).
Biocompatible Multifunctional E-Skins with Excellent Self-Healing Ability Enabled by Clean and Scalable Fabrication
Authors: Lin Xiuzhu , Li Fan , Bing Yu , Fei Teng , Liu Sen , Zhao Hongran , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2021

Electronic skins (e-skins) with an excellent sensing performance have been widely developed over the last few decades. However, wearability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and scalability have become new limitations. Self-healing ability can improve the long-term robustness and reliability of e-skins. However, self-healing ability and integration are hardly balanced in classical structures of self-healable devices. Here, cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CNF/PVA), a biocompatible moisture-inspired self-healable composite, was applied both as the binder in functional layers and the substrate. Various functional layers comprising particular carbon materials and CNF/PVA were patterned on the substrate. A planar structure was beneficial for integration, and the active self-healing ability of the functional layers endowed self-healed e-skins with a higher toughness. Water served as both the only solvent throughout the fabrication process and the trigger of the self-healing process, which avoids the pollution and bioincompatibility caused by the application of noxious additives. Our e-skins could achieve real-time monitoring of whole-body physiological signals and environmental temperature and humidity. Cross-interference between different external stimuli was suppressed through reasonable material selection and structural design. Combined with conventional electronics, data could be transmitted to a nearby smartphone for post-processing. This work provides a previously unexplored strategy for multifunctional e-skins with an excellent practicality.
Hume and Kant and Managers Epistemology. An Interview with Paul Griseri
Authors: Vandekerckhove Wim
Published: September 2021

This article is a transcript of an interview with the previous editor-in-chief of Philosophy of Management (2010–2017). It discusses his career, the use of and hopes for field of philosophy of management, and leading the journal.
Towards a network theory of regulatory burden
Authors: Straughter Jeremy , Carley Kathleen
Published: September 2021

Government overlap creates problems for the public and private sector across several government systems. Research suggests that overlap burdens the political and economic system by increasing costs in terms of money, time, and complexity, decreasing innovation and investment, and dampening economic growth. Previous research has identified frameworks for categorizing regulatory overlap. However, the literature has not considered factors that contribute to regulatory overlap nor effective methods for its reduction. This research introduces a proxy measure for regulatory overlap which measures the regulatory burden that a federal agency imposes within the regulatory system. This research proposes a network theory of regulatory burden which finds that burden is a function of network properties characterizing a federal agency’s position within the regulatory system. This research suggests that the federal government may reduce occurrences of regulatory overlap by managing its regulatory network and fostering collaboration among federal agencies within the regulatory system.
Ethical and legal responsibility for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Henz Patrick
Published: September 2021

“In civilized life, law floats in a sea of ethics”, a quote by the former Chief Justice of the United States, Earl Warren. In a democratic society, the constitution defines the country’s values, and the laws define the preferred or at least still tolerated behavior, making deviations sanctionable. As the society is in a continuous flow, also based on scientific and technical developments, law always lags behind. Until regulations can catch up, ethics has to lead society. In less democratic societies, the water gets polluted up to poisoned, ethical behavior may be against ruling law. As for the latter, Robin Hood was a thief, but for most parts of the population, a hero. The less transparent the water, the more difficult to adapt law to new developments. This includes direct corruption, but also unfaithful lobbying. This article discusses the “nature” of Artificial Intelligence, including the risks its posing, and who is responsible for systematic errors, from a moral, but also legal point.
Exploring Convolutional Recurrent architectures for anomaly detection in videos: a comparative study
Authors: Ravi Ambareesh , Karray Fakhri
Published: September 2021

Convolutional Recurrent architectures are currently preferred for spatio-temporal learning tasks in videos to the 3D convolutional networks which accompany a huge computational burden and it is imperative to understand the working of different architectural configurations. But most of the current works on visual learning, especially for video anomaly detection, predominantly employ ConvLSTM networks and focus less on other possible variants of Convolutional Recurrent configurations for temporal learning which warrants a need to study the different possible variants to make informed, optimal design choices according to the nature of the application at hand. We explore a variety of Convolutional Recurrent architectures and the influence of hyper-parameters on their performance for the task of anomaly detection. Through this work, we also intend to quantify the efficiency of the architectures based on the trade-off between their performance and computational complexity. With comprehensive quantitative and visual evidence, we establish that the ConvGRU based configurations are the most effective and perform better than the popular ConvLSTM configurations on video anomaly detection tasks, in contrast to what is seen from the literature.
Disrupting narratives of racial progress: Two preservice elementary teachers’ practices
Authors: Hughes Ryan E. , Marhatta Pratigya
Published: September 2021

This study examined the approaches used by two preservice elementary school teachers as they designed and taught antiracist social studies lessons about civil rights history during a community-based field experience. Using a theoretical framework of racial pedagogical content knowledge (RPCK), we identified three domains of RPCK needed to enact antiracist elementary social studies teaching and analyzed how these domains surfaced during lessons and interviews. Our cross-case analysis revealed that both preservice teachers struggled to balance presenting civil rights events as historically significant while also calling their legacy into question. However, the preservice teacher who fostered dialogic and student-centered discussions was ultimately more successful with antiracist teaching. We provide implications for supporting elementary school teachers in developing social studies lessons that embody antiracism and teach the long civil rights movement.
AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF SAMSU-ILUNA KING OF BABYLON
Authors: Khwshnaw Ardalan , Mohammed Khana
Published: September 2021

This short letter of Samsu-iluna (1749–1712 B.C), king of Babylon, is preserved in the Slemani Museum, along with a number of other Old Babylonian documents. The article gives a brief overview of the letters of Samsu-iluna. The short letter appears to be addressed to one Ipqu-Gula, who may be a šassukkum-official (the head of the cadastre-office) from Isin. The article presents a copy, transliteration, translation of and commentary on this cuneiform document, which adds to the small number of letters sent directly by Samsu-iluna that are currently available.
A CYLINDER SEAL FROM TELL ABU AL-DHAHAB DATED TO THE FIRST SEALAND DYNASTY (1740–1374 BC)
Authors: Taher Al-Zubaidi Ahmed K. , Attia Mohammed S.
Published: September 2021

This article presents a unique cylinder seal found at the site of Tell Abu al-Dhahab, in the Iraqi marshes. The cylinder seal, made of alabaster, is dated to the First Sealand Dynasty period and contains a scene with an introduction to a seated deity. It is accompanied by an inscription identifying the father of its owner as the overseer of the incantation priests. The aim of the article is both to discuss the cylinder seal, but also contextualize it within the temple where it was found and the period to which it is dated.
Demand without Supply: Populist Attitudes without Salient Supply-Side Factors of Populism
Authors: Medeiros Mike
Published: September 2021

Populism's electoral success has been linked to socio-economic crises and to inflammatory political discourse. However, little is known of populist attitudes in contexts in which these supply-side factors are not salient. The present article diverges from the conception of populism that sees it as being activated or fuelled by contextual factors and, rather, conceives populism as an ideological attitudinal dimension that can have an impact on vote choice when supply-side factors are not salient. Using the particular context of the 2015 Canadian federal election as a case to test this theory, empirical analyses support this conception of populism by demonstrating that populist attitudes can be relatively prominent and even impact vote choice in a setting in which the traditional supply-side factors to activate or fuel populism are not salient. Ultimately, populism is shown to be an important demand-side attitudinal dimension even when there is little or no fertile ground for it.
EXEMPLARITY AND POLITICS OF MEMORY: THE RECOVERY OF THE PIRAEUS BY OLYMPIODOROS OF ATHENS
Authors: Iacoviello Antonio
Published: September 2021

The article discusses Pausanias’ obscure statement (1.26.3) that the early Hellenistic Athenian general Olympiodoros ‘recovered the Piraeus and Mounychia’. By understanding the feat as an episode within the wider context of the Athenian stasis of 295 between the ‘tyrant’ Lachares and Olympiodoros’ democratic resistance, the article shows that the narrative of the enterprise (most likely based on an honorific decree) aimed to i) establish a parallel between Olympiodoros and the illustrious democratic recovery by Thrasyboulos, ii) rehabilitate Olympiodoros as a democratic hero after his involvement in the oligarchic years of the second regime of Demetrios Poliorketes in Athens, and iii) serve as a call to action to recover the Piraeus, which was under Macedonian control when the honours were bestowed.
An Old Right in New Bottles: State without Nation in South Korean New Right Historiography
Authors: Yang Sungik
Published: September 2021

The New Right movement that arose in the early 2000s in South Korea was a response to a change in ownership of Korean nationalist discourse during the preceding decades. Although nationalism was the preserve of the South Korean right wing from the trusteeship crisis in 1945 through the end of the Park Chung Hee regime, a historiographical revolt in the 1980s that emphasized the historical illegitimacy of the South Korean state allowed the Left to appropriate nationalism. With the loss of nationalism from its arsenal, the Right turned to postnationalist neoliberal discourse to blunt the effectiveness of leftist nationalist rhetoric. An examination of New Right historiography on the colonial and postliberation periods, however, shows that despite the recent change in conservatives’ stance on nationalism, a preoccupation with the legitimacy of the South Korean state remains at the center of right-wing historical narratives. The New Right represents old wine in new bottles.
Global Asias: Improvisations on a Theme (a.k.a. Chindon-ya Riffs)
Authors: Yano Christine R.
Published: September 2021

In preparing my presidential address for publication, I debated between different options. On the one hand, I could do what I assume is most typically done—that is, take the oral presentation and re-present the material as a research-based journal article. On the other hand, I considered the extraordinary year of challenges, disruptions, traumas, fears, and insights that had preceded this presidential address. Nothing from that year could be considered normal, from a personal or professional point of view; therefore, another option would be to engage in a writing structure reflecting our departure from the normal. For the Association for Asian Studies (AAS), the year of abnormality began with the canceled 2020 Annual Conference in Boston as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, continued with online teaching and meetings, and culminated in a virtual Annual Conference in 2021.
GeNuIne (gene–nutrient interactions) Collaboration: towards implementing multi-ethnic population-based nutrigenetic studies of vitamin B12and D deficiencies and metabolic diseases
Authors: Vimaleswaran Karani S.
Published: September 2021

Gene–nutrient interactions (GeNuIne) collaboration, a large-scale collaborative project, has been initiated to investigate the impact of gene–nutrient interactions on cardiometabolic diseases using population-based studies from ethnically diverse populations. In this project, the relationship between deficiencies of vitamins B12and D, and metabolic diseases was explored using a nutrigenetic approach. A genetic risk score (GRS) analysis was used to examine the combined effect of several genetic variations that have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases and vitamin B12and D deficiencies, respectively. In Sri Lankan, Indonesian and Brazilian populations, those carrying a high B12-GRS had an increased risk of metabolic diseases under the influence of dietary protein, fibre and carbohydrate intakes, respectively; however, in Asian Indians, genetically instrumented metabolic disease risk showed a significant association with low vitamin B12status. With regards to nutrigenetic studies on vitamin D status, although high metabolic-GRS showed an interaction with dietary carbohydrate intake on vitamin D status, the study in Indonesian women demonstrated a vitamin D GRS–carbohydrate interaction on body fat percentage. In summary, these nutrigenetic studies from multiple ethnic groups have provided evidence for the influence of the dietary factors on the relationship between vitamin B12/D deficiency and metabolic outcomes. Furthermore, these studies highlight the existence of genetic heterogeneity in gene–diet interactions across ethnically diverse populations, which further implicates the significance of personalised dietary approaches for the prevention of these micronutrient deficiencies and metabolic diseases.
Iron deficiency during the first 1000 days of life: are we doing enough to protect the developing brain?
Authors: McCarthy Elaine K. , Murray Deirdre M. , Kiely Mairead E.
Published: September 2021

Iron is essential for the functioning of all cells and organs, most critically for the developing brain in the fundamental neuronal processes of myelination, energy and neurotransmitter metabolism. Iron deficiency, especially in the first 1000 days of life, can result in long-lasting, irreversible deficits in cognition, motor function and behaviour. Pregnant women, infants and young children are most vulnerable to iron deficiency, due to their high requirements to support growth and development, coupled with a frequently inadequate dietary supply. An unrecognised problem is that even if iron intake is adequate, common pregnancy-related and lifestyle factors can affect maternal–fetal iron supply in utero, resulting in an increased risk of deficiency for the mother and her fetus. Although preterm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction are known risk factors, more recent evidence suggests that maternal obesity and delivery by caesarean section further increase the risk of iron deficiency in the newborn infant, which can persist into early childhood. Despite the considerable threat that early-life iron deficiency poses to long-term neurological development, life chances and a country's overall social and economic progress, strategies to tackle the issue are non-existent, too limited or totally inappropriate. Prevention strategies, focused on improving the health and nutritional status of women of reproductive age are required. Delayed cord clamping should be considered a priority. Better screening strategies to enable the early detection of iron deficiency during pregnancy and early-life should be prioritised, with intervention strategies to protect maternal health and the developing brain.
CONTINUOUSLY UPDATED INDIRECT INFERENCE IN HETEROSKEDASTIC SPATIAL MODELS
Authors: Kyriacou Maria , Phillips Peter C.B. , Rossi Francesca
Published: September 2021

Spatial units typically vary over many of their characteristics, introducing potential unobserved heterogeneity which invalidates commonly used homoskedasticity conditions. In the presence of unobserved heteroskedasticity, methods based on the quasi-likelihood function generally produce inconsistent estimates of both the spatial parameter and the coefficients of the exogenous regressors. A robust generalized method of moments estimator as well as a modified likelihood method have been proposed in the literature to address this issue. The present paper constructs an alternative indirect inference (II) approach which relies on a simple ordinary least squares procedure as its starting point. Heteroskedasticity is accommodated by utilizing a new version of continuous updating that is applied within the II procedure to take account of the parameterization of the variance–covariance matrix of the disturbances. Finite-sample performance of the new estimator is assessed in a Monte Carlo study. The approach is implemented in an empirical application to house price data in the Boston area, where it is found that spatial effects in house price determination are much more significant under robustification to heterogeneity in the equation errors.
A 3-phase approach based on sequential mining and dependency parsing for enhancing hypernym patterns performance
Authors: Issa Alaa Aldine Ahmad , Harzallah Mounira , Berio Giuseppe , Béchet Nicolas , Faour Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Patterns have been extensively used to extract hypernym relations from texts. The most popular patterns are Hearst’s patterns, formulated as regular expressions mainly based on lexical information. Experiences have reported good precision and low recall for such patterns. Thus, several approaches have been developed for improving recall. While these approaches perform better in terms of recall, it remains quite difficult to further increase recall without degrading precision. In this paper, we propose a novel 3-phase approach based on sequential pattern mining to improve pattern-based approaches in terms of both precision and recall by (i) using a rich pattern representation based on grammatical dependencies (ii) discovering new hypernym patterns, and (iii) extending hypernym patterns with anti-hypernym patterns to prune wrong extracted hypernym relations. The results obtained by performing experiments on three corpora confirm that using our approach, we are able to learn sequential patterns and combine them to outperform existing hypernym patterns in terms of precision and recall. The comparison to unsupervised distributional baselines for hypernym detection shows that, as expected, our approach yields much better performance. When compared to supervised distributional baselines for hypernym detection, our approach can be shown to be complementary and much less loosely coupled with training datasets and corpora.
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational institutions, August to December 2020, Germany
Authors: Schoeps Anja , Hoffmann Dietmar , Tamm Claudia , Vollmer Bianca , Haag Sabine , Kaffenberger Tina , Ferguson-Beiser Kimberly , Kohlhase-Griebel Berit , Basenach Silke , Missal Andrea , Höfling Katja , Michels Harald , Schall Anett , Kappes Holger , Vogt Manfred , Jahn Klaus , Bärnighausen Till , Zanger Philipp
Published: September 2021

This study aims at providing estimates on the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in schools and day-care centres. We calculated secondary attack rates (SARs) using individual-level data from state-wide mandatory notification of index cases in educational institutions, followed by contact tracing and PCR-testing of high-risk contacts. From August to December 2020, every sixth of overall 784 independent index cases was associated with secondary cases in educational institutions. Monitoring of 14 594 institutional high-risk contacts (89% PCR-tested) of 441 index cases during quarantine revealed 196 secondary cases (SAR 1.34%, 0.99–1.78). SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk contacts was more likely around teacher-indexes compared to student-/child-indexes (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 3.17, 1.79–5.59), and in day-care centres compared to secondary schools (IRR 3.23, 1.76–5.91), mainly due to clusters around teacher-indexes in day-care containing a higher mean number of secondary cases per index case (142/113 = 1.26) than clusters around student-indexes in schools (82/474 = 0.17). In 2020, SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in educational settings was low overall, but varied strongly between setting and role of the index case, indicating the chance for targeted intervention. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in educational institutions can powerfully inform public health policy and improve educational justice during the pandemic.
Predictors of behavioural and emotional outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart disease
Authors: Jilek Elizabeth , Shields Ashley , Zhang Liyun , Simpson Pippa , Bear Laurel , Martins Sydney Allen , Mussatto Kathleen A. , Brosig Cheryl L.
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for psychological challenges, including internalising (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalising (e.g., aggression, inattention) problems. The present study aimed to investigate the development of psychological concerns in early childhood by identifying predictors of behavioural and emotional problems in toddlers with CHD.

Methods:

Children with CHD who were seen for neurodevelopmental (ND) evaluation at 12 ± 3 months of age, who completed the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–III (BSID-III) and whose parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a standardised measure of emotional/behavioural problems at age 24–36 months, were included in the study (n = 144). CBCL scores were compared to test norms and classified as normal or abnormal. A classification tree was used to assess the association between CBCL scores and demographic and clinical variables.

Results:

Multi-variable tree analyses revealed lower BSID-III language composite scores at age 9–15 months predicted clinical CBCL internalising (p < 0.001), externalising (p = 0.004) and total scores (p < 0.001) at age 24–36 months. Lower maternal education levels also predicted clinical CBCL internalising (p < 0.0001), externalising (p < 0.001) and total scores (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Lower language abilities and lower maternal education predict increased behavioural and emotional problems in toddlers with CHD. These risk factors should be considered during routine ND evaluations to allow for earlier identification of children with CHD and their families who may benefit from psychological support.
Impact of Glyphosate-Roundup® in the Ileal Structure of Male and Female Rats: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Saleh Shaimaa MM , Elghareeb Tasneem A , Atia Mona M , Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: September 2021

The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of variable doses of the weedicide glyphosate on the ileal (the final section of the small intestine) structure of rats of both sexes, using histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural methods. Forty animals were classified into four groups of 10 animals per group (five males and five females). The first group acted as a control, and the remaining groups were treated with glyphosate-Roundup® 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days. The results indicated extinct histopathological changes manifested in the deformation of villi, foci of leukocytic infiltration in the core of villi, and hyperplasia of goblet cells. Histochemical examination (Alcian blue and Periodic acid–Schiff stain) revealed a strong positive reaction of goblet cells and an increase in their number in all treated groups. In addition, the immunohistochemical investigation revealed the immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, electron microscopic alternations were represented by the deformation of nuclei, destruction of microvilli, and deposition of lipid droplets. Collectively, the present findings indicate that treatment with glyphosate results in extensive morphological alternations to the ileal structure of rats of both sexes and that female rats are more affected than male rats are.