bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identificación de un modelo ARIMA cuando existen observaciones faltantes
Authors: Castaño Elkin
Published: December 2022

Un supuesto común en el análisis de series de tiempo es que las series que van a ser estudiadas disponen de información para cada momento de tiempo en el periodo que se va analizar. Sin embargo, con frecuencia ocurre que faltan datos en la serie, o que algunos de ellos son erróneos. En la literatura de Análisis Series de Tiempo, en particular en la de los procesos ARIMA (Box y Jenkins, 1976), se han propuesto diferentes métodos para estimar estas observaciones, pero la mayoría de ellos supone que el modelo es conocido o que las observaciones son tales que han permitido identificarlo. Este documento presenta una metodología relativamente simple que permite estimar las observaciones faltantes y simultáneamente identificar el modelo ARIMA que generó una serie de tiempo.
Necesidad e importancia de las matemáticas en las Ciencias Económicas
Authors: Viedma Juan A
Published: December 2022

Se trata de responder la pregunta: ¿qué función ejercen las matemáticas en las ciencias económicas? Se hace, entonces, un recorrido por las etapas del conocimiento humano: la mítica, la intuitiva, la experimental y la racional y, luego, se describe el proceso de elaboración de un modelo económico abstracto en el que las matemáticas juegan un papel fundamental so pena de que el economista quiera construir una ciencia de juguete. Para apoyar la idea de que las matemáticas son importantes y necesarias en la economía, se presenta un resumen de una encuesta dirigida por Paul Samuelson a economistas notables, publicada en 1954. Los resultados apuntan, precisamente, a señalar que las matemáticas tienen una función fundamental en las Ciencias Económicas.
OIKOS diez años
Authors: Gallego Juan Miguel
Published: December 2022

Reseña.
Capital social, crecimiento económico y políticas públicas
Authors: Restrepo Piedad Patricia
Published: December 2022

Solo a partir de esta década el concepto de capital social ha cobrado importancia dentro de los estudios económicos. Este artículo analiza el origen y evolución del concepto de capital social, establece su vinculación con el crecimiento económico de las naciones a través de dos vías fundamentales: la que crea círculos virtuosos (capital social productivo) que potencian la inversión en capital físico y humano y la que genera círculos viciosos (capital social improductivo) que incrementa la violencia y la criminalidad con consecuencias nefastas en términos económicos y sociales. Finalmente se exponen algunas ideas en las que se destaca el capital social como una opción novedosa para las políticas públicas, en especial en países cuyo desarrollo depende cada vez más de factores institucionales y culturales más allá de los estrictamente económicos, como parece ser el caso de Colombia. Palabras Clave: Capital social, confianza, organizaciones, crecimiento, competitividad, violencia.
Indicadores del sector eléctrico
Authors: Cardona Diana María , Bastidas Alexander
Published: December 2022

Indicadores.
Historia económica mundial, las relaciones económicas internacionales desde 1950
Authors: Suárez Alix
Published: December 2022

Reseña: James Foreman-Peck
La pobreza en Colombia 1978 y 1995
Authors: Mejía Pérez Claudia
Published: December 2022

Indicadores.
Métodos de combinación de pronósticos: una aplicación a la inflación colombiana
Authors: Castaño Elkin , Melo Luis Fernando
Published: December 2022

En este trabajo se presentan algunos métodos de combinación de pronósticos de diferentes modelos econométricos. Estas metodologías tienen como principal objetivo encontrar una combinación lineal de pronósticos de diferentes modelos que produzca una predicción mejorada en términos de precisión. Basados en estas técnicas se realizan dos ejercicios: en la primera aplicación se emplean estos métodos sobre quince modelos trimestrales de la inflación colombiana para pronósticos en el periodo comprendido entre 1992:I y 1998:II considerando horizontes desde uno hasta cuatro trimestres. Los resultados de este análisis muestran una mejoría significativa en las predicciones; en efecto, el pronóstico combinado comparado con el pronóstico del mejor de los modelos econométricos reporta ganancias en precisión (RMSE); en caso del horizonte de un trimestre es del 16.1%; para el horizonte de dos trimestres es del 42%; para el horizonte tres del 21.3% y del 12.8% para el horizonte de cuatro trimestres. La segunda aplicación de las metodologías de combinación de pronósticos se realiza utilizando un ejercicio de simulación, el cual se basa en modelos similares a los empleados en el primer ejercicio; los resultados obtenidos muestran que bajo técnicas adecuadas de combinación de pronósticos es posible tener alrededor de un 50% y 35% de ganancia en precisión con respecto a los modelos individuales para horizontes de uno a cuatro trimestres, respectivamente. Palabras Clave: Pronósticos, error de pronóstico, regresión combinante, insesgamiento, error cuadrático medio, encompassing.
Evidencia empírica de dualidad en valoración contingente con formato binario
Authors: Vásquez Felipe , Cerda Arcadio , Orrego Sergio Alonso
Published: December 2022

El artículo presenta la comparación de las medidas de bienestar, obtenidas mediante dos interpretaciones teóricas para el método de valoración contingente (VC) con formato binario. En primer lugar se discute el enfoque de diferencia de la función de utilidad indirecta. Posteriormente se desarrolla la alternativa conocida como función de variación. Se estiman dos formas funcionales (lineal y logarítmica) para cada estructura teórica, y se calculan las respectivas medias y medianas como medidas de bienestar. Para estimar sus varianzas, se utiliza un procedimiento de simulación que genera una distribución empírica de las medidas de bienestar para la definición de los intervalos de confianza. Alternativamente se utiliza el método delta, el cual aproxima linealmente las medidas de bienestar usando la expansión de la serie de Taylor de primer orden. Palabras Clave: Valoración contingente, función indirecta de utilidad, función de variación.
Pobreza en Medellín a partir del capital humano: estratos I y II
Authors: Restrepo Sergio Iván , Tamayo Mary Patricia , Valencia Germán Darío
Published: December 2022

El propósito de este artículo es presentar un análisis de la influencia del capital humano como un factor de disminución de pobreza en Medellín. Para este propósito se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente sobre capital humano, se analizó la situación educativa de la ciudad de Medellín y se realizó un modelo de discriminación logística con base en la Encuesta de Hogares del Dane de 1990. Palabras Clave: Capital humano, pobreza, educación de Medellín, modelo de discriminación logística.
Crecimiento económico óptimo y calidad ambiental
Authors: Barrientos Jorge Hugo
Published: December 2022

El debate actual sobre los problemas de agotamiento de los recursos naturales y los niveles de contaminación generados por la actividad económica, ha transcendido al campo del crecimiento económico. Lo que se pretende en este trabajo es utilizar el modelo de Ramsey (1928) y evaluar cómo se comportan las variables relevantes de una sociedad, cuando se incluye en un mecanismo social de preferencia la contaminación como un stock de desechos de la producción de bienes y servicios. Además, se utiliza las leyes de la termodinámica aplicadas a la energía y a los materiales, para elaborar una definición de contaminación, de modo que pueda ser incluida en la ecuación de acumulación de capital de la economía. Palabras Clave: Control óptimo, estado estacionario, contaminación, desutilidad, terminodinámica, entropía.
Un mecanismo de precios para la teoría del valor
Authors: Bolaños Eduardo , Tobón Alexander
Published: December 2022

Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la aplicación que tiene la regla Cantillon-Smith en la teoría marxista de la plusvalía y en le teoría del equilibrio general. En ambas, la regla actúa como un mecanismo de formación de precios de mercado monetarios. Para tal fin, explicamos dos modelos: el primero es un modelo Benetti-Cartelier con relaciones capitalistas, y el segundo, un modelo de equilibrio general walrasiano sin subastador. Luego de mostrar la operatividad de la regla en los dos, señalamos algunas de las ventajas y desventajas que ofrece su utilización como expresión de la compatibilidad de las decisiones descentralizadas de los agentes en una economía abstracta. Palabras Clave: Valor, dinero, plusvalía, salario, precio, desequilibrio.
Realineamientos y estados de la tasa de cambio nominal en Colombia, 1994-1999
Authors: Castaño Vélez Elkin , Gómez Muñoz Wilman Arturo , Mesa Callejas Ramón Javier , Ortiz Pérez Catalina , Rhenals Monterrosa Remberto
Published: December 2022

Este artículo se enmarca en el análisis del comportamiento de la tasa de cambio nominal bajo el régimen de bandas que se observó en Colombia entre el 24 de enero de 1994 y el 24 de septiembre de 1999. El propósito principal es caracterizar los regímenes que registró la tasa de cambio nominal en este período (devaluación o revaluación) y la ley que gobernó su transición, a través de un sistema de cadenas de Markov. Concretamente, se utiliza el modelo de tendencias estocásticas segmentadas desarrollado en 1990 por James D. Hamilton y se modela la tasa de cambio semanal como si fuera generada por uno de los regímenes señalados.Palabras clave: banda cambiaria, realineamientos, política cambiaria, modelo de tendencias estocásticas segmentadas.
El gasto en salud de los hogares colombianos : Un análisis descriptivo
Authors: Ramírez Manuel , Cortés Darwin , Gallego Juan Miguel
Published: December 2022

Usando la teoría de la elección podemos establecer cómo ciertas características poblacionales inciden sobre los perfiles de gasto en salud de los hogares colombianos. El enfoque está basado en el trabajo de Deaton de 1980, según el cual el conjunto de elección de los individuos es la intersección del conjunto presupuestal y el conjunto de consumo. En el análisis de los perfiles de gasto en salud se utiliza un enfoque de análisis de varianza tomando datos de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida de 1997. En general se encuentra que los hogares gastan el 9,62% de sus ingresos corrientes en salud, y se muestran las variables socioeconómicas y demográficas de los hogares que más contribuyen a explicar el perfil de gasto.Palabras clave: análisis de varianza, gasto en salud, teoría de la elección.
Dinámica institucional de la industria eléctrica colombiana: propuestas para un cambio
Authors: Tobón David , Valencia Germán
Published: December 2022

A partir de las teorías del neoinstitucinalismo y de la regulación y usando los modelos de agencia, de incentivos y de contratos, este artículo analiza los problemas de la institucionalidad actual de la industria eléctrica colombiana. Se concibe la regulación como un juego de grupos de interés donde se busca la redistribución de la riqueza, entendiendo esta intervención pública como un problema que invlucra una multiplicidad de agencias que establecen políticas generales, planifican, regulan, controlan y vigilan. El trabajo encuentra que la problemática obedece principalmente a la tradición institucional del país que comprende a todos los poderes públicos; sin embargo, la actividad propiamente reguladora se ha consolidado a partir de las reformas del decenio de 1990, con una industria tecnológicamente compleja y donde los desarrollos del mercado no son tan amplios como se había previsto.Palabras clave: industria eléctrica, institucionalidad reguladora, problemas de agencia, teoría de los contratos, independencia autonomía. Clasificación JEL: D4, L5, L94.
Deserción estudiantil universitaria: una aplicación de modelos de duración
Authors: Castaño Elkin , Gallón Santiago , Gómez Karoll , Vásquez Johanna
Published: December 2022

A diferencia de estudios anteriores sobre la deserción universitaria, los cuales han tratado de explicarla sólo a partir de algunos de los factores que teóricamente han sido propuestos, en este artículo se analiza el problema de la deserción estudiantil en la Universidad de Antioquia incorporando conjuntamente factores individuales, académicos, socioeconómicos e institucionales como principales determinantes de la misma. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de modelos de duración, y en particular, de la comparación entre los modelos de riesgo proporcional con y sin hetererogeneidad no observable, parecen proporcionar evidencia sobre la importancia conjunta de estos cuatro factores. Palabras clave: deserción estudiantil, modelos de duración, riesgo proporcional, función de riesgo. Clasificación JEL: C41, C13, I21.
Theories of Money Creation: From Post-Keynesians to Circuitists. Review an Prospects.
Authors: Bauvert Joanna
Published: December 2022

En comparación con la posición neoclásica, los post-keynesianos y los circuitistas desarrollaron el “enfoque endógeno” de dinero, destacando el papel de los bancos en la creación del dinero y considerando que la tasa de interés es exógena (fijada por el banco central). Los post-keynesianos y los circuitistas, desarrollan sus argumentos utilizando algunas perspicacias de Keynes: el “motivo especulación”, su concepción del crédito, el principio de una demanda eficaz y la función de la incertidumbre. Debido a este fondo común la frontera entre estas corrientes de pensamiento es confusa y cambiante. Por lo tanto, a menudo es difícil apreciar las diferencias entre estas.   Palabras clave: dinero, post-keynesianos. Clasificación JEL: E40, E12   Abstract:   Contrary to the neo-classical position, post-keynesians and circuitists developed the endogenous money approach, emphasising the function of banks in the creation of money and considering that the interest rate is exogenous (fixed by the Central Bank). Both, Post-keynesians and Circuitists, develop their arguments using some of Keynes' insights: the “finance motive”, his conception of credit, the principle of effective demand and the role of uncertainty. Because of this common background the frontier between these currents of thought is fuzzy and changing. Therefore, it is often difficult to appreciate the differences between them.   Key words: money, post-keynesian. JEL: E40, E12   Résumé:   Par opposition à la position neo-classique, les post-keynésiens et le circuitists ont développé l'approche endogène d'argent, soulignant le rôle des banques dans la création de l'argent et considérant que le taux d'intérêt est exogène (fixé par la banque centrale). Tous les deux, Post-Keynésien et Circuitists, développent leurs arguments en utilisant certaines perspicacités de Keynes: “motif de spéculation”, sa conception du crédit, le principe d'une demande effective et le rôle de l'incertitude. En raison de ce fond commun la frontière entre ces courants de pensée est brouillée et changeante. Par conséquent, il est souvent difficile d'apprécier les différences entre elles.   Mots Clés: argent, post-keynésien.
Stable and Farsighted Set of Networks
Authors: Barrientos Jorge Hugo
Published: December 2022

En este artículo proponemos un modelo de formación de redes sociales donde los agentes pueden mirar hacia delante y tomar las decisiones necesarias que implican un cambio en la forma de las redes. Esta característica significa que las decisiones de los agentes no están basadas en los pagos actuales, sino que se basan en donde ellos esperan que el proceso llegue, o en otras palabras en las potenciales redes resultantes. Por tanto, la inclusión de este rasgo en un modelo de formación de redes es la principal contribución del artículo. De otro lado, el proceso de formación propuesto aquí descansa en el concepto de Conjunto Consistente Más Grande, muy usado en la Teoría de la Situaciones Sociales. Palabras clave: Teoría de juegos y teoría de negociación, juegos cooperativos y no cooperativos.
Are fathers’ rearing histories associated with their involvement in childrearing? A Peruvian study
Authors: Nóblega Magaly , Guimet Marisut , Ugarte Andrea , Marinelli Francesco , Apolinario Gabriela , Uchuya Daniel , Santos Carolina
Published: December 2022

This study compares father involvement, relative to the mother, in Peruvian families with preschool age children. We also examined father’s rearing history and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors of involvement in child related activities. Two hundred and six families participated in the study. Results showed that mothers were more involved in direct and indirect care, and fathers tended to be more involved in play. Teaching/discipline and outdoor leisure activities were shared. The models tested for paternal involvement in direct, indirect care, and outdoor leisure were significant. Father´s rearing history was a main predictor of direct care and outdoor leisure. Fathers’ perceptions of their own mothers’ care were negatively associated with their involvement in direct care; and their perceptions of their own fathers’ overprotection/control were negatively associated with fathers’ involvement in outdoor leisure. Results are discussed based on stereotypical gender-based role division in childrearing, and the modeling and compensatory hypotheses.
The Religious-Political Ideology of Houthis’ Rebellion in Yemen: Theoretical Perspective of the Divine Right to Rule
Authors: S. Sarhan Mugahed. , Saidin Mohd Irwan Syazli , Othman Zarina
Published: December 2022

This article examines the religious-political ideology of the Houthi movement in Yemen. In particular, it explores the political objectives and historical roots of the Houthis’ rebellion that was initiated in 2004 and continued into 2009 through six rounds of wars, which were called Sa’dah wars. The Houthis implemented a military coup in 2014 against Mansour Hadi’s government and seized state institutions which led to Yemen’s current civil war. A catastrophic battle also erupted when the Saudi-led military coalition decided to intervene in the conflict in 2015, with the aim of restoring the legitimacy of the previous regime as well as defeating the Houthis insurgency. Despite numerous studies on the issues relating to civil war in Yemen, there is no adequate study on the perspective of Houthis’ religious-political ideology. This research is qualitative using in-depth interviews with seven experts and observers of the Yemeni war. This article analyses major reasons for the historical rebellion and the ongoing catastrophic war in Yemen, based on the Houthis’ religious-political ideology. The findings of this article inform that the current conflict in Yemen is rooted in historical circumstances which gave rise to a heavy responsibility or burden on the Houthis, whereby according to the theory of the divine right to rule, the Houthis and their ancestors, the Hashemites claim the monopoly of regional (present day Yemen) power. Thus, this theory has been considered as one of the key dynamics of the outbreak and the continuation of the current war in Yemen. It is very likely that the trend of increased Houthis’ rebellion will continue for the next few years in Yemen due to the movement’s firm aim of power struggle, based on their religious-political ideology of the ‘divine right to rule’.
Teacher’s Evaluation of Student Progress in Islamic Education Using Hikmah Pedagogy
Authors: Zulkifli Hafizhah , Tamuri Ab. Halim , Abdul Hafidz Nur Syazwani
Published: December 2022

Evaluation is critical to determine student success throughout the teaching and learning process. When it comes to self-evaluation, stronger students tend to undervalue their performance, whereas weaker students prefer to exaggerate theirs. Due to this, a teacher’s evaluation is designed to achieve a balanced evaluation between stronger and weaker students. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the level of a teacher’s evaluation of student progress and to determine if there is a significant variation in teacher’s evaluation of student progress across locations, school types, and job experience. The approach used is through survey research design. Thirty-three Islamic education teachers participated in this study. The data indicate that teacher’s evaluation of student progress was generally favourable across all dimensions and that there were no significant variations in teacher’s evaluation of student progress by urban or rural location, school type, or employment experience. In general, the findings in this study can assist teachers and students in enhancing their teaching and learning process.
Al- Ghazālī's Approach In Defending The Islamic Faith
Authors: Mahmood Abdull Rahman , Abu Suailk Ibrahim Hamed Hassan , Khairuddin Wan Haslan , Hashim Nur ‘Izzati
Published: December 2022

Al-Ghazālī is considered as imam (the most prominent) in epistemological critique and religious sects during his time, and one of the most prominent in defending the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah (Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites). He is also considered one of the most prominent of theorizing of the Ash‘arī theology (Asharites or Ashʿarism) and Sufi thought. He was able to purify philosophy from superstition, and clarifies what is bad from what is sound, and he is considered as mujaddid (reformer) in his time. He was also distinguished by his intelligence, quality of writing, and erudition, as the objectives of the research were the manifestation of al-Ghazālī’s approach in defending the Islamic faith and his opinion on philosophy, theology, mysticism, and al-Bāṭiniyyah (The Sect of Batiniyya; esotericism) through studying his position in his book al-Iqtiṣād fī al-Iʿtiqād (The Moderation in Belief), Tahāfut al-Falāsifah (The Incoherence of the Philosophers), al-Munqidh min al-Ḍalāl (The Rescuer from Error) and Fadā’ih al-Bāṭiniyyah (The Infamies of the Esotericists). His positions were studied according to the historical, inductive, analytical, and critical research method. The study found that al-Ghazālī was able to be the master of his time in defending and establishing the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah, as he was also aware of the war to the al-Bāṭiniyyah and scholars, sultans, and the common people were charged with its war. Likewise, al-Ghazālī worked on establishing the Islamic faith and demonstrating it with textual and rational evidence. He criticized ‘Ilm al-Kalām (Islamic scholastic theology) and aiming it in accordance with the Islamic faith, and its use in defending and defining the Islamic faith and called for it to be preserved from the common people and to be used only in defence of the Islamic faith.
Refleksi al-Ghazali dalam Dialog Antara Agama
Authors: Awang Jaffary , Ramli Ahmad Faizuddin , Ab Rahman Zaizul
Published: December 2022

Memahami dan menguasai pemikiran dan sumber rujukan rakan dialog merupakan antara pendekatan terbaik dalam berdialog. Hal ini supaya topik dialog berlaku secara ilmiah seterusnya mencapai objektif dialog. Artikel ini membincangkan kerangka dialog antara agama Imam al-Ghazali (m. 1111M) dalam dialog antara agama. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kandungan terhadap karya-karya agung Imam al-Ghazali yang membincangkan perihal agama lain, khususnya penganut Kristian dalam kitab al-Radd al-jamīlli ilāhiyyatʿĪsā bi-ṣarīḥ al-Injīl. Kajian mendapati, terdapat tiga pendekatan Imam al-Ghazali dalam berdialog, iaitu secara perdebatan, perbandingan teologi dan apologetik. Melalui pendekatan ini, al-Ghazali terlebih dahulu mengenal pasti isu utama yang menjadi perbezaan antara doktrin Islam dan Kristian, iaitu ketuhanan Isa. Seterusnya beliau membuat perbandingan teologi dengan menafsirkan semula teks tersebut berpandukan teks lain dalam Injil dan al-Qur’an. Al-Ghazali turut menggunakan unsur rasional dalam mengkritik kelemahan doktrin Kristian. Kajian mencadangkan penggunaan pendekatan dialog al-Ghazali digunakan dalam konteks dialog teologi bagi mengenal pasti titik pertemuan dan perbezaan antara penganut agama secara objektif dan kritis.
Konsep Sabar Menurut Imam Al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) dan Relevansinya dalam Mendepani Covid-19
Authors: Salleh Nozira , Ismail Indriaty , Ismail Sharifah
Published: December 2022

Dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya novel coronavirus atau dikenali secara ringkasnya Covid-19 pada akhir 2019 di Wuhan, Negara China. Hari demi hari, angka mereka yang disahkan menghidapi novel coronavirus meningkat. Ia telah merebak pantas ke seluruh dunia, bahkan melibatkan jutaan pesakit dan juga kematian. Dalam mendepani wabak tersebut, sesungguhnya ramai Muslim secara khususnya dan manusia secara amnya agak panik, keliru, gusar dan bimbang yang mana ia tentunya menggugat keharmonian diri dan masyarakat. Justeru, artikel ini cuba menerokai dan menyelidiki sifat sabar menurut Imam al-Ghazali dan kepentingan penghayatannya kepada umat Islam secara khususnya dalam menghadapi cabaran dan kesan Covid-19. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kepustakaan dengan merujuk kepada buku, artikel jurnal, bab dalam buku, suratkhabar dan bahan-bahan yang berkaitan dengan tajuk. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa sifat sabar yang diamalkan oleh Muslim terutama dalam mendepani cabaran dan ancaman Covid-19 mampu melahirkan sifat tenang, damai, kuat dan redha dengan pelbagai ujian yang melanda.
Long-term variations of Solar magnetic activity
Authors:   Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Krivodubskij V.
Published: December 2022

The main law of the evolution of the Earth’s climate is the cyclical nature of global changes in the latter. One of the possible explanations for the cyclical nature of global climate changes is provided by the astrophysical model of fluctuations in the insolation of the Earth’s surface by solar radiation. Modern climate change is mainly associated with variations in the magnetic activity of the Sun, one of the main proxies of which are sunspots. The decrease in the number of sunspots coincides with the epochs of cooling on the Earth, while during the maximum number of sunspots warming is observed. The paper reviews cosmogenic reconstructions of long-term variations in the Sun’s magnetic activity (large minima and large maxima) during the Holocene (last 12,000 years). The accidental appearance of large minima and maxima can to some extent be reproduced by modern models of a turbulent dynamo with a stochastic drive. An important key to studying the impact of solar activity variations on the Earth’s climate is the Maunder minimum (late 17th century), during which extremely little sunspots were observed. Applying the method of analysis of rare events to these observations led researchers to conclude that the appearance of sunspots at the Maunder minimum was characterized by a weak amplitude of 22 years. The concept of continuity of magnetic cycles at this time is also confirmed by measurements of cosmogenic radionuclides in natural terrestrial archives. Therefore, today it is believed that during the Maunder minimum, the cyclic magnetic activity of the Sun did not stop, although the amplitude of the cycles was quite low. In the αΩ-dynamo model, this may be due to the fact that the magnitude of the magnetic induction of the toroidal field excited by radial differential rotation in the solar convection zone at this time did not reach the threshold value required for lifting magnetic power tubes on the solar surface (nonlinear dynamo mode). Possible physical mechanisms describing the suppression of the dynamo process at intervals when no sunspots were observed are analyzed. A scenario for explaining the north-south asymmetry of magnetic activity during the Maunder minimum is proposed. A key role in the proposed scenario is played by the special nature of the internal rotation of the Sun, revealed as a result of helioseismological experiments. The modern grand maximum of solar activity, which began in the 1940s, has ceased after solar cycle 23, and activity of the Sun seems to be returning to its normal moderate level.
Português de Expressão Mirandesa
Authors: João Pires Manuel Duarte
Published: December 2022

A análise do português falado na aldeia raiana de Avelanoso, concelho de Vimioso, revela similaridades entre as peculiaridades do falar das gentes desta localidade e o mirandês. Com base em estudos sobre a língua mirandesa, sobretudo no de Barros Ferreira (2001) acerca da situação e delimitação linguística do mirandês, e numa abordagem metodológica qualitativa fundada em entrevistas recolhidas na referida aldeia, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender de que modo os traços característicos e distintivos do mirandês se podem também encontrar no falar das gentes de Avelanoso. No seio das variedades regionais da língua portuguesa, considera-se falar como um registo que convive apenas com as manifestações orais, composto por traços pouco diferenciados, mas com cambiantes próprios dentro da estrutura regional em que está inserido, sendo de uso circunscrito a pequenas delimitações geográficas (Cunha & Cintra, 2002). Esta pesquisa analisa as particularidades do falar desta comunidade do Nordeste Trasmontano através da preservação, reflexão e reconstrução da memória no contexto da história oral (Bosi, 2003). As conclusões indicam que as particularidades linguísticas do português desta aldeia coincidem em grande número com os traços distintivos da língua mirandesa. De acordo com os resultados, as afinidades e os vestígios descortinados, este estudo defende que efetivamente se falou mirandês em Avelanoso e que o português falado nesta aldeia continua a expressar essa contiguidade sociolinguística que ainda se pode verificar na atualidade, apesar das profundas mudanças sociais, económicas e linguísticas.
Asturiano y castellano en la novela Sinfonía Pastoral y la adaptación cinematográfica Bajo el cielo de Asturias
Authors: Suárez Piñero Víctor
Published: December 2022

L’oxetivu del trabayu ye analizar la representación del léxicu asturianu que fai Armando Palacio Valdés na obra en castellanu Sinfonía Pastoral (1931) y establecer una comparanza con dellos diálogos de l'adautación cinematográfica Bajo el cielo de Asturias (1951) que rescamplen por un mayor usu del idioma frenta a la obra orixinal.
3 Doz mRNA COVID-19 Aşısı ve SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Varyantı Enfeksiyonu Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: ÇEBİ Ezgi , ÇÖL Meltem
Published: December 2022

Aralık 2021'de SARS-CoV-2 Omicron varyantı, COVID-19 pandemisinde küresel olarak baskın hale gelerek Delta varyantını hızla geride bıraktı. Omicron varyantı, mutasyonları nedeniyle aşıların koruyuculuğunu azaltma konusunda ciddi endişeler uyandırmıştır. Yeni veriler, aşısızlara ve 2 doz aşılılara göre 3 doz mRNA aşısı olunmasının, Omicron varyantına karşı korunma ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermekte, 3 dozluk programların koruyucu olduğunu destekleyen kanıtlar sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle Omicron'a karşı korumayı artırmada sürekli rolü olan COVID-19 aşılarının hızlandırılmış ve adil bir şekilde piyasaya sürülmesi önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede 3 doz mRNA COVID-19 aşısı ile SARS-CoV-2 Omicron varyantının neden olduğu enfeksiyon arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve çözüm önerileri getirilmiştir.
Çağdaş Dünyada Evrensel Ahlâk İlkelerine Akıl-Kalp İlişkisi Açısından Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: TEBER Hatice
Published: December 2022

İnsanın fikrî ve manevi yönünü oluşturan; kendisi için iyi ve kötüyü ayırmasını sağlayan akıl ve manevî anlamda, akıldan daha ince bir düşünceye ve ilahi tecelliye sahip kalbin varlığı bilimsel gerçeklerin kuşku duymadığı iki gerçekliktir. Aklî istidlal ve muhakeme yolu ile elde edilen tahkiki bir iman, akleden bir kalp meydana getirir ki bu durum da insanı yaratılış rütbesi olan eşref-i mahlukat olma konumuna terfi ettirir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de düşünmeye, akletmeye çağrılan kalp, aklın ve duyuların kendisine sunduğu bilgileri Allah’ın verdiği ilham ve keşf gücüyle yorumlar ve gerçek imana ulaşabilir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm bilgi kaynağı olarak kabul ettiği akıl, kalp ve duyuların birlikte çalışmaları halinde elde edecekleri bilginin, insanı yanıltmayan doğru ve kesin bir bilgi olduğunu ifade eder. Düşünebilen bir akıl zihinsel akıl-duyu ilişkisini, selim bir kalp ise insanın hem zihinsel hem de kalbiyle ilişkili fıtrî aklını ifade etmektedir. Bu yönüyle selim bir kalp ile müstakim bir aklın fıtratı gereği insanı iyiye, doğruya ve faydalıya götürebilen en önemli araçlar olduğu görülebilir. Bu çalışmada akıl ve kalp korelasyonu içerisinde Kur’ân-ı Kerim ve Sünnet-i Nebevî anlayışını ortaya koyarak çağdaş dünyada psikososyal kimlik yönelimleri ve din temelli bir çözümleme yapmaya çalışacağız.
Advances in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Herrick Ariane L ,   Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK,   NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
Published: December 2022

Although systemic sclerosis (SSc) is currently incurable, there have been recent advances in treatment. This review article begins by providing a brief background to SSc in terms of disease subtyping and autoantibodies, because both predict disease trajectory and help clinicians to select appropriate monitoring and treatment protocols. Broad principles of management are then described: ‘disease-modifying’ therapies and therapies directed at reducing disease burden and/or progression of SSc-related digital vascular disease and of internal organ involvement. Next, advances in the management of digital vasculopathy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and early diffuse cutaneous SSc are discussed in turn, for example: (a) increased use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists for digital vasculopathy; (b) early recognition and treatment of PAH, including with combination therapies; (c) increased use of mycophenolate mofetil and of nintedanib in ILD; and (d) immunosuppression now as standard practice in early diffuse cutaneous SSc, and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for highly selected patients with progressive diffuse disease. Finally, future challenges are discussed, including ensuring that all patients with SSc are monitored and treated according to best practice guidelines, and whenever possible giving patients the opportunity to participate in clinical trials.
USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE – AN APPLICATION WITH ARDUINO
Authors: KARACA Ece , KANDEMİR Özlem
Published: December 2022

User experience design, which provides the emergence of user-oriented designs, while meeting the needs of users functionally, also deals with their emotions and perceptions. With this interactive design approach, personalized design alternatives can be offered in accordance with the expectations of the users. At the same time, the flexibility with changing conditions, demands and pleasures ensures that designs are sustainable. Architecture is one of the disciplines where user experience design can effectively use. The inability of changing of buildings in traditional architecture causes another inability that to respond user’s current needs and demands. Thus, in modern architecture many researchers and designers investigate for a solution to create different spaces. Moving, flexible and interactive spaces, which are shaped with demands and needs of the users, give importance to the user experience. In this context, a tent was designed as a temporary shelter with caring the user experience and changes depending on the demands and needs of the user, by using the Arduino Uno microcontroller development board. The prototype experiments of the tent design, which was modeled with SketchUp and rendered with Lumion, were made with the Fritzing program. Arduino Uno, sensors, lamp, relay module and servo motors were used in the tent design and the space was enabled to interact with the user's different senses. Two different sensors, temperature-humidity and sound were used in the study. The temperature-humidity sensor interacts with both the user and the environment. Since precipitation occurs when the relative humidity in the air reaches 100%, the program is coded to turn off the panel on the top of the tent when the humidity in the air reaches 70%. With the help of the sound sensor, predetermined colors are lit on the front panel of the tent with the user's hand clap. In the study, it is aimed to create different experiences by providing the interaction between the body and the space.
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY EXPLORATION ON CLIMATE NOTION IN DIGITAL RESEARCH
Authors: SERDAR YAKUT Safiye Elif , AKÇAY KAVAKOĞLU Ayşegül
Published: December 2022

Research related to climate concepts has started to be more interdisciplinary with the climate change awareness. Climate action, and climate-positive design research topics are common notions among design disciplines, especially in architecture and landscape architecture. It can be said that computation, digitalization, performance-based simulations of environmental effects, and production methods in digital design are initial topics that come to the forefront concerning methodology. The reflections of these methodologies differ according to the aims and objectives. This paper aims to examine which notions and word phrases are used in the literature on climate in digital design research in a comparative way. Within this scope, The International Journal of Architectural Computing (IJAC) and The Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture (JoDLA) are chosen as academic resources indexed in the Scopus. To obtain the differentiations on climate-related concepts and their associations with other fields in an interdisciplinary manner; published research articles' titles, abstracts and keywords are defined as datasets. The examination is conducted through the data mining method as a deductive approach, using the main words are separated and associated with various phrases, and binary term occurrences. The outcomes are visualized through a map to reveal the relations of the notions that occur in the research. The findings reveal that both disciplines work on environmental issues from the context relationality stage. Although landscape architecture seems to be more related with the environment, climate and ecology trio, the binary-term occurrences show that there is not much difference in the research rates. Nevertheless, considering the close relations with environmental and climate issues in the landscape architecture discipline, the specialization is not high in terms of computational approaches regarding architecture. It is anticipated that this research may be used in future interdisciplinary literature and methodological approaches in digital design research in architecture and landscape architecture.
Casting Steel Plow Excavated in Samhan Area and It's Implications
Authors:   Korean Ancient Historical Society, Jung In Seung
Published: December 2022

Among the ironware excavated from wooden coffins in the Samhan(三韓) area is a cast iron plow known as the Sengoku-kei(戰國系). These materials have similar morphological characteristics to those of the Warring States Period, but the period, which was examined as a companion relic, is no different from the late 2nd century B.C. Since there is a time difference of more than 100 years from Yeonguk(燕國) Ironware, it is necessary to assume Eman Chosun(尉滿朝鮮) as the main distributor of these ironware. In addition, cast iron ploughs excavated from Samhan area are divided into three main types. One is the shape of the Wiwon Yongyeon-dong, which is the same as the cast iron plow of Yeonguk(燕國) . The other has a large hole in its body . It appears to have been produced in Shandong(山東), China. The other is forged steel ploughs, which were produced in the Jinhan(辰韓) region. Through this, some iron ploughs in the Samhan region were distributed through Gojoseon, but others were imported from Shandong, China. Although it was self-produced based on this, it is believed that it was not regarded as a meaningful agricultural tool in the Samhan society.
Aplicación de la mejora continua para incrementar la productividad de la empresa J.C. Astilleros-División Minera
Authors:   Universidad Cesar Vallejo, León Gonzales Danitza Mirella , Medina Paredes Massiel ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Méndez Parodi Raúl ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo
Published: December 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo aplicar la mejora continua para incrementar la productividad del proceso de elaboración de piedrín en la empresa J.C. Astilleros S.A. División Minera, Este trabajo está desarrollado desde un tipo de estudio aplicada con diseño experimental en la categoría pre experimental; para ello, se tuvo como población la productividad de la empresa y como muestra se seleccionó la productividad del último trimestre del año 2019, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. En el diagnóstico se observó los problemas prioritarios en los procesos de chancado relacionados a los equipos críticos, tolva de recepción, zaranda, trituración primaria y trituración cónica, obteniendo una productividad de 34.8%; luego, se aplicó la metodología PHVA, utilizando las herramienta de la ingeniería de métodos, plan agregado de producción, pronóstico de la demanda y gestión de mantenimiento, llegando a la conclusión que al aplicar el estímulo de la mejora continua se incrementa la productividad a 85.4%; para ello, también, se realizó la prueba estadística T Student (4,754) indicando diferencia significativa entre la pre y post productividad en la empresa J.C. Astilleros S.A.-División Minera.
Effectiveness of mifepristone versus balloon catheter in induction of labour in women with previous caesarean sections: a randomised comparative study
Authors: Tomar Yugantika , Najam Rehana , Singh Mrinalini
Published: December 2022

Background: Termination of pregnancy is a stressful situation for the patient specially due to increasing trend of caesarean sections (CS) wherein due to risk of scar rupture a repeat caesarean is advocated by many practitioners. Especially in these cases vaginal delivery should be preferred over CS to avoid the added stress of a major surgery to the woman which increases the risk of scar rupture and adhesions in subsequent pregnancies. Hence the aim was to compare the safety and effectiveness of mifepristone versus balloon catheter in termination of pregnancy in women with previous CS.Methods: Prospective randomized comparative study was done at obstetrics and gynaecology department of Teerthankar Mahaveer medical college and research centre, Moradabad UP from January 2020 to July 2021. 60 subjects were randomised into 2 groups by the envelope method.Results: The mean bishops score at 36 hours was found to be 10.2±1.25 and 9.81±1.54 in groups M and B respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the bishops score of the two groups at 24 and 36 hours. Patients induced with mifepristone had significantly longer induction delivery, Induction augmentation and Induction-labour intervals. However, these patients ultimately had more number favourable outcomes in terms of vaginal delivery, although not statistically significant. Conclusions: Foleys insertion is an invasive and painful process and more uncomfortable for the patient. Mifepristone can safely be used in place of foleys catheter for induction of labour in patients with previous 1 CS.
Importance of proper nutrition in dengue infections
Authors: Banerjee Swapan
Published: December 2022

Dengue fever has become one of the most significant public health issues in tropical and subtropical countries, including India. Most of the states in India report dengue fever cases during and after the moon soon each year. The affected patients have been at their homes for 4-5 days, either from fever or acute signs of dehydration, low platelets, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Some of these seriously ill patients are admitted to the hospital for IV fluids, hydration, and monitoring of their vital signs. Overall, this brief review is based on data from the World Health Organization, the National Center for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC, govt. of India), and other relevant portals searched by relevant keywords. This paper’s primary goal is to present and review home-based, low-cost nutrition integrated care for dengue After reviewing the data, the study showed the recent three years of dengue status in all the states of India.Using a mosquito net, paracetamol as a fever-reducing drug, and the best food through a maximum liquid diet are already proven preventive measures against infectionsIn addition to extra water cum electrolyte drinks, all macro and micronutrients are essential proportionally for managing platelet count and boosting immunity against the virus. Sufficient and complete data is needed to do more research in community health and therapeutic nutrition.
Impact of Covid-19 and digitalisation on management practices during mergers and acquisition
Authors: Tailor R. K. , Basavaraju Puneeth Hosur
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 has had a significant impact on the business community. Some firms may be hurt more than others, but everyone needs to mitigate this risk. During the pandemic, we had no choice other than to work virtually. As mergers and acquisitions are crucial and strictly confidential, effective sustainable management practices are required. To avoid missing out on possibilities, today’s M&A activity requires decision-makers to make proper choices confidently and quickly. This necessitates clarity and a thorough grasp of the transaction, both of which are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain as the deal-making environment becomes more complex. In the present paper, the author, on the basis of extant literature, has spoken about the effects of Covid-19 and digitalisation on management practice during mergers and acquisitions. Both positive and negative impacts are shared. He opines that during the current era of rapid digitalisation, companies need to adapt to changes and sustainable management practices should be extensively used to be prepared for future uncertainties.
A case study on ACL tear
Authors: Kumari Sujata , Das Archana
Published: December 2022

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury occurs when the foot is firmly planted and leg sustains direct force, either forward or backward. If the force is forward, the ACL suffers the impact from the force, it is most commonly injured ligament in the knee, commonly occurring in football, soccer and basketball players. Treatment consist of the “RICE” therapy, which includes Rest, Ice, Compression of the affected knee and Elevation of the affected lower extremity.
Analysis of the Education Management and Information System of Jamaica: Diagnosis and Proposal for Strengthening the EMIS
Authors: Chapelet Pierre
Published: December 2022

This document analyzes the functioning of the Education Management and Information System (EMIS) of Jamaica, its strengths and challenges related to the key management processes and structural conditions. A survey methodology was used for the analysis of the six key management processes - (i) Physical infrastructure and equipment; (ii) Schools1; (iii) Human resources, budget and finance; (iv) Students and learning; (v) Digital content for teacher training and students learning; and (vi) Tools for strategic management - and the two structural conditions - (i) Technological infrastructure and (ii) Governance and institutional arrangements. There are several main findings. In terms of strengths, the analysis shows that the processes of human, financial and budgetary resources present the highest percentage of subprocesses in the Established level and that technological infrastructure pre-requisites are in place to sustain the improvement of the EMIS. However, EMIS sub-systems are dispersed and poorly integrated and are not covering all the needs of management processes related to the EMIS. The Ministry of Education and Youth and Information (MOEYI) also has an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and realistic strategic plan for the implementation of its EMIS and to ensure the initial and recurrent funding associated with it. Nor is there a change management plan at the MOEYI to support the evolution of the EMIS at all levels. Overall, the MOEYI is at a critical stage of its EMIS transition from a census based EMIS to a transactional information system able to track real-time information about each student, teaching and non-teaching workforce, school infrastructure and assets. This paper outlines a strengthening proposal.