bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of CNT Enhanced Carbon Fibers in Hybrid Composites with Improved Interfacial Properties
Authors: Md. Aziz Shazed , Rashid Suraya Abdul , Rahmanian Saeed , Mohd Salleh Mohamad Amran
Published: November 2013

Growing carbon nanotubes (CNT) on the surface of high performance carbon fibers (CF) offers a means to tailor the mechanical properties of the fiber-matrix interface of a composite. In the context of this work, a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) unit was utilized to grow CNT onto the surface of CF. The surface and mechanical properties of the resultant fibers, CNT density and alignment morphology were explained to depend on the CNT growth temperature, growth time, and atmospheric conditions within the CVD chamber. Single fiber/Epoxy composite coupons were fabricated by using both neat and CNT-coated CF to conduct single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). It was observed that the coating of CNT onto CF surface improves the IFSS between CF and matrix when compared with neat-CF. Particularly, CF treatment condition for CNT-coating with 700 °C reaction temperature and 30 minutes reaction time has shown a considerable increase in IFSS approximately of 45% over that of the untreated fiber from which it was processed. The fiber-matrix adhesion was analyzed by using SEM on cryogenically fractured surface of both types of composites. The proper justification of fiber-matrix adhesion featured by composite interfacial properties was explained through IFSS.
Influence of Dissipation Power in Copper Sputtering Plasma Measured by Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Low Kevin , Nafarizal Nayan , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Abd Kadir Mahamad , bin Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Yeon Md Shakaff Ali , Ammar Zakaria , Ahmad Saad Fathinul Syahir , Mohd Zain Ahmad Faizal
Published: November 2013

Copper oxide is a low cost material, easy process fabrication and sensitivity to ambient conditions. Therefore, it is a suitable p-type semiconductor oxides material to be used as a gas sensing material. In order to raise the sensitivity of the copper oxide gas sensor, study on the correspondence in between the coated thin film with coating parameters is an important part. In current study, optical emission spectroscopy is used to investigate the reactive magnetron sputtering plasma during the deposition of copper oxide thin film. The measurement point was focused at roughly 2cm above the substrate holder. The emission of copper, oxygen and argon in the reactive magnetron sputtering were observed at various plasma conditions. In general, the emission of copper, oxygen and argon increased when the discharge rf power is increased. On the other hand, oxygen line intensity was found to be excess when the oxygen flow rate is above 8sccm. The result suggests the best condition to deposit the copper oxide thin film using solid 3 copper target.
Emission Characteristics of Water in Diesel Nanoemulsions in Diesel Engine
Authors: Bidita B.S. , Rashid Suraya Abdul , Idris Azni B. , Mohd Salleh Mohamad Amran
Published: November 2013

Nanoemulsions are a class of nanomaterials which play an increasingly important role in commercial and environmental aspects. Water-in-diesel (W/D) nanoemulsion is considered one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels for reducing the emission pollution of internal combustion engine such as diesel engines. In this context, a study has been made to evaluate the combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. A wide range of surfactant concentration (0.25% to 0.40% v/v) with varying amount of water percentage (0.5% to 0.8% v/v) was used in the preparation of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. The high energy emulsification method was applied to prepare W/D nanoemulsions. The combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsions are presented in terms of different formulating compositions. An engine test bed was used to combust the W/D nanoemulsions for measuring the exhaust emission concentrations such as CO, CO2and NH3. A reduction in the concentrations of exhaust gas emissions was notified.
Influence of Substrate Temperature on Morphological and Electrical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Nanocolumns Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Najwa S. , Shuhaimi A. , Ameera N. , Hakim K.M. , Sobri M. , Mazwan M. , Mamat M.H. , Musa M.Z. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

Indium tin oxide was prepared using RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperature. The morphological and electrical properties were investigated. Morphological properties were observed by atomic force microscopy. Electrical properties were measured using standard two-point probe measurements. The result shows that the average roughness and peak to valley value are highest at high substrate temperature. The watershed analysis shows that the total grain boundaries are highest at the substrate temperature of 200°C. The lowest resistivity value of 9.57×10-5 Ωcm is obtained from ITO nanocolumn deposited at substrate temperature of 200°C. The improvement of morphological and electrical properties as transparent conducting oxide was observed from ITO nanocolumn deposited at substrate temperature of 200°C.
Formation of Anodic Oxide Nanotubes in H2O2 - Fluoride Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte as Template for Electrodeposition of α-Fe2O3
Authors: Lockman Zainovia , Anwar Dede Miftahul , Rozana Monna , Ismail Syahriza , Ahmadi Ehsan , Khairunisak Abdul Razak , Cheong Kuan Yew
Published: November 2013

Anodic oxidation of titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) and niobium (Nb) foils in fluoride ethylene glycol (EG) added to it 1 H2O2 as oxidant was done to produce oxide film with nanostructures at 40 V. Whilst arrays of aligned nanotubes were successfully formed on the surface of Ti and Zr respectively, anodic Nb2O5 was found to consist of nanoporous structure with pore size of ~ 20 nm. Despite long nanotubes were formed on both Ti (2 μm) and Zr (3 μm), the surface of the nanotubes suffered from severe dissolution, thinning the wall and collapsing them. Well defined, ordered surface structure of the nanotubes is required as they will be used as template for subsequent deposition of nanoparticles. This was achieved when Ti anodised in 5 ml H2O2 fluoride EG. With excess H2O2 etching at the surface occur more uniformly forming homogenous surface structure. α-Fe2O3 were then electrodeposited on this surface at-3 V from chloride solution and the mode of formation is believed to be due to electrogeneration of base at the surface of the TiO2.
Surfactant Assisted Ball Milling: A Simple Top down Approach for the Synthesis of Controlled Structure Nanoparticle
Authors: Ali Md Eaqub , Ullah Mahbub , Maamor Azman , Hamid Sharifah Bee A.
Published: November 2013

The unlimited applications of nanoparticles in human life are increasing day by day. Nanoparticles have drawn attention among researchers from academia to industry due to its large specific surface area, high chemical reactivity, physical affinity and interesting optical, electrical and magnetic properties. These properties of nanoparticles stimulate researchers to reduce particle sizes from few sub micrometers to nanometer levels. The successful application of nanoparticles depends on the simplicity of the methods for its cost effective synthesis. Since the very beginning of nanoscience, development of simple, low cost and high yielding methods has been a challenging task. Various approaches were proposed for the commercial production of nanomaterials from solid state. However, chemical method which is complicated and expensive showed limited success in the synthesis of controlled structure nanoparticles from rare-earth solid compounds. Among all the approaches, high energy ball milling with surfactant has been widely exploited for the synthesis of various nanomaterials, nanograins, nanocomposites from solid state. Self-assembled structures of surfactants provide a valuable tool for the controlled formation of nanostructure. In this process, the dispersion and enhanced grinding of particles are achieved in the reaction centers that reside in the microstructure of surfactants. In high-energy ball milling, plastic deformation, cold-welding and fracture are predominant factors which lead to a change in particle shape, size. These result in the formation of fine and dispersed particles. Stirred ball mill grinding is advantageous for nanoparticle production over other fine grinding techniques owing to its easy operation, simple construction, high size reduction rate and relatively low energy consumption. The aim of this systematic review is to represent the basic concept and applications of mechanical milling in the surfactant assisted synthesis of various nanomaterial, nanocomposite and nanocarbon materials.
Effect of Molar Concentration on Electrically Resistive Lead Titanate Thin Films by Simple Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zainal Nurbaya , Zulkefle Habibah , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

Lead titanate thin films were successfully prepared using a simple sol-gel method. In the present study extra Pb excess was not taken into consideration in such a way that the ratio of Pb:Ti is 1:1. Different molar concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) involved in this study and it was found that the solutions increased in acidic level by the increment of molar concentration that being measured by pH and conductivity meter (JENWAY-3540). It also indicated that the solutions were electrically resistive at low concentration which might due to the existence of lead and oxygen ionic bonding. The solutions were then deposited onto cleaned glass substrate by spin coating technique indeed to have better thin film homogeneity at room temperature. The prepared thin films were characterized on electrical property considering the resistivity measured by solar simulator (BUKOH KEIKI EP-2000). After that structural and physical property of thin films were observed by atomic force microscopy (Park System, XE-100).
Inhibitory Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Nurulhuda I. , Poh R. , Mazatulikhma M.Z. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely used in fields as diverse as engineering, physics and medicine. CNTs unique physical properties and strength play a major part in such a wide application. However, there have been concerns on the deleterious effects of CNTs as a delivery tool for therapeutic proteins, peptides and genes in biomedicine. CNTs disturb normal neuronal function, and accumulate and cause brain damage. Unfunctionalized CNTs were reported to cause toxicity in cells rather than functionalized CNTs. Thus, effects of CNTs on cells should be rigorously tested. In the present study, unfunctionalized multiwall CNTs were introduced to human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells to investigate the toxicity effect. The neurotoxicity test showed that cell viability was above 80 % for CNT at 100 pg/ ml 1 mg/ ml. The neuroprotective test revealed that viability of cells was less than 40 % and 50 % at 1 μg/ ml - 1 mg/ ml and 1 pg/ml - 100 ng/ ml concentration range, respectively. The number of viable cells was decreased, with increase in the concentration of CNT using a reactive oxygen species (ROS) test. These findings provide useful information in elucidating the inhibitory effect of CNTs as a tool of drug delivery.
Influence of Cathode Work Functions on the Photovoltaic Properties of MEH-PPV: TiO2 Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Zahid Fazlinashatul Suhaidah , Mohamad Saad Puteri Sarah , Mohamed Zahidi Musa , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: November 2013

Bulk heterojunction solar cell has received significant attention over the past decade due to low cost power generation and the potential to develop a clean renewable energy source [. We investigated the effect of different type of metal cathodes on the power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cell based on a blend of conjugated polymer poly [2-methoxy 5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) with titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this case of study, Aluminum (Al) and gold (Au) has been chosen as the metal cathode due to the difference of work function and their wide application in hybrid solar cell. We show that the choice of metal cathode plays a role in determining overall device efficiency through their impact on short-circuit current, open circuit voltage and fill factor due to the influence of work function. It is found that the device employing Al metal cathode which has low work function is showing a comparable performance to the Au metal electrode with fill factor of over 20 % and a power conversion efficiency of 3.3x10-3 %. Overall it is demonstrated that the matching between the work function of the cathode and photoactive layer MEH-PPV: TiO2 is the most important factor towards best bulk heterojunction solar cell performance.
Effect of Seed Layer Morphology on the Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanotetrapods by Thermal Chemical Vapour Deposition Method
Authors: Rosli Aimi Bazilah , Herman Sukreen Hana , Nordin Noor Hazwani , Mohd Sauki Nur Sa'adah , Shariffudin Shafinaz Sobihana , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: November 2013

We investigated the growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanotetrapods on a crystallized ZnO seed layer. The seed layer was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and etched by HF solution before the deposition of ZnO nanotetrapods by thermal chemical vapor deposition. The HF etching was done to roughen the seed layer surface to facilitate the nucleation sites for the nanostructures growth. We found that the shapes of the nanostructures on the HF-etched seed layers and those on un-etched seed layer are different, in which the nanostructures on the etched layers are in the form of plates with needles grown at the edge, whereas the nanostructures on the un-etched layers are in the shape of typical nanotetrapods. This is believed to be the result of different growth mechanisms associated with the different conditions of the growth surface.
Investigation on the Structural Changes of Cupric Oxide (CuO) Nanostructures by Thermal Oxidation Process
Authors: Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Mohd Ariffin Nor Diana , Sarip Nurulnadia , Mohd Tawil Siti Nooraya
Published: November 2013

A simple and cost effective method using a thermal oxidation process for synthesizing cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructures is demonstrated in this paper. Using elevated temperatures ranging from 100°C to 400°C, the optimum formation of CuO composition indicated by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) was obtained at 400°C. Then, the effects of gas flow rates (ranging from 1 to 10 kPa) on the formation of CuO nanorods were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was found that at higher gas flow rate, the formation of CuO nanorods was obviously observed. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic obtained from an I-V measurement system shows that diode characteristic has been formed with threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.9 V and breakdown voltage (VB) of-5 V. The mechanism of structural changes will be discussed in details.
Nanofibre Network Rooted from the Alkaline Peroxide Treatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
Authors: Ghazali Arniza , Mohd Zukeri Mohd Ridzuan Hafiz , Dermawan Yunita Megasari , Kamaluddin Nurul Hasanah , Ibrahim Rushdan , Wan Rosli W.D. , Azhari Baharin , Ahmed Mohamed Issam
Published: November 2013

The increasing popularity of the oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a source of non-wood fibre has prompted a variety of research on processing and utilisation of the material. In an attempt to define the characters, reusability and end-of-life, oil palm EFB was processed by the alkaline peroxide variable treatment (APVT) systems. Low synergy between alkaline peroxide (AP) chemical and mechanical fibrillation through fibrillation (CMR synergy) revealed the yield of segments of EFB vascular bundles while heightening the mechanical forces further, generated more uniform but a mixture of fiber and segments of fibre bundles. An intermediate CMR synergy generated fibres forming a more well-defined but a rough resultant fibre network due to partial fibrillation of the vascular bundle. Applying maximal CMR synergy was found to generate higher yield of network strengthening fibrous cells. These were later identified as nanoscale fiber network or nanoscan, consisting of 10-80 nm diameter fibers arranging themselves in a systematic network. Analysis of the polarity of fibers harvested from the APVT systems manifests the systematic construction of nanofibrils winding in helical manner to form arrays of nanofibres that glue themselves together as micro-fibrils. Interconnections between fibers and other gluing elements led to the vascular bundle known as the EFB biomass that was once dross and that can now be marvelled as an alternative source of nanofibers for the nanoindustry sector.
Study of Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Nanostructured ZnO/MgO Films via Chemical Bath Deposition Techniques
Authors: Zulkefle Habibah , Rashidi Mohammad Syafiq , Mat Firdaus Che , Ismail Lyly Nyl , Bakar Raudah Abu , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

This research work focuses on the synthesis and deposition of nanostructured ZnO/MgO using immersion method where the influence of deposition time had been investigated. The deposition time was varied by controlling the immersion time at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs respectively. Electrical properties obtained revealed that the resistivity values varied from 12.5 to 20.0 kΩ.cm which due to the changes in carrier mobility and scattering. It being found that, the leakage current behaviour shows good in dielectric properties where the J values obtained was below than 1E-8 A.cm-2. Some surface modification observed as the immersion time increased from 2 to 8 hrs which also reflects to the variation in resistivity, leakage current and k values obtained. The formation of flakes like structure was observed for films with 4 hrs immersion time which resulted in the enhancement in k values at high frequency region.
Influence of Nano-Filler Loading on the Nano-MgO Dielectrics
Authors: Zulkefle Habibah , Nurashikin Arshad Adillah , Mohd Wahid Mohamad Hafiz , Ismail Lyly Nyl , Bakar Raudah Abu , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

In this study, we investigated the effect of MgO nanofiller content to the dielectric layer properties of nano-MgO film. Nano-MgO film was successfully deposited with particle size in the range of 42 to 92 nm by simple chemical solution technique. The film produced shows some surface modification as the nanofiller content increased. With the nanofiller loading increasing from 0 wt% to 3 wt%, relative permittivity values were varied. NanoMgO films with 1 wt% filler content have high relative permittivity value while film with 2 wt% was good in morphology.
EFB Nano Fibrous Cells for Paper Smoothing and Improved Printability
Authors: Ghazali Arniza , Dermawan Yunita Megasari , Mohd Zukeri Mohd Ridzuan Hafiz , Ibrahim Rushdan , Ghazali Salmi
Published: November 2013

nanofibrillation of the oil palm empty fruit bunches, EFB, by synergizing the alkaline peroxide chemicals and a subsequent refining process was found to liberate useful fibrous mass. Of these, the nanofiber web materials were found to render smoothing effect by covering the trough between bound fibers and thus, hiding the true morphology of fibers on the paper surface. Apart from smoothing, which is one of the important paper properties requiring expensive furnishing, the thin nanofiber webs (tn-webs) also held the paper structure firmly by plunging of the nanofibers into the gaps between the micro-fibers. This is mainly due to their dimensional (10 nm < Diameter < 100 nm) compatibility. The smorgasbord shapes of the liberated tn-webs have a relatively lighter structures, found in the range of 2400-121500 μm2areas, could be abundantly produced by adjustment of refiner blade type with a specific alkaline peroxide chemical level. The maximal level of paper smoothness was measured by the laser toner spread (fusion or otherwise). Analysis reveals more extensive toner fusion on Waldron-4 sample, suggesting surface uniformity anfd better leveling of fibers on paper surface. It turns out that, this corresponds to the fibers detected with more evidence of delamination and thus, more count of nanofiber web. Not only is this a proof of correlation of nanofiber web intensity with paper smoothness but also a possible promise for an alternative measure for paper printability enhancement.
Effect of Weight Percentage on PTFE/Nanoporous Zeolite Composite
Authors: Mukhtar N.Z.F. , Borhan M.Z. , Rusop Mohamad , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: November 2013

In this research, Zeolite will be selected as a potential material to combine with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to form composite. Zeolite is a porous material with known as molecular sieve and aluminosilicate materials that have open structure of interconnected cavities that can be accessed by molecules, atoms and ions species. Besides, PTFE is a polymer of the type of Teflon and most widely used fluorocarbon polymer for engineering applications with a great combination of desirable chemical and physical properties likes excellent high temperature stability, chemical resistance, electric properties and also extremely low coefficient of friction. Experimental process will be included the conversion of Zeolite to nanoporous Zeolite by wet milling method. Then, this nanoporous Zeolite will mix together with PTFE by weight percentage to form a nanocomposite that gives high impact in properties. This composite will characterize via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).
Effects of RF Power on the Optical Properties of ZnO/TiO2 Nanocomposites Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering and Solution-Immersion Method
Authors: Asib N.A.M. , Afaah A.N. , Aziz Aadila , Rusop Mohamad , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: November 2013

Nanocomposites of ZnO/TiO2 were fabricated by two methods. Firstly, deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Secondly, growths of ZnO nanostructures on the TiO2 nanoparticles by solution-immersion method with aqueous solution of Zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor solution and stabilizer hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in water as solvent. The optical properties of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites were examined by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. UV-vis spectra of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites display high absorption in the UV region and high transparency in the visible region. There is improvement in UV absorption for ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites compared to pure TiO2 due to imperfect alignment of ZnO nanostructures. Raman analysis shows the presence of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO in all the films and presence of anatase structure of TiO2 in the film deposited at 200 W. PL spectra of the films show the emissions in the UV and visible regions. Intensity of PL emission in UV region (λ< 400 nm) is maximum for film deposited at 200 W and minimum for film deposited at 300 W resulting from the change in the surface state density. A broad peak from ~ 600-700 nm also was found for all the films.
Anodic Electrophoretic Deposition of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Sol Gel Method
Authors: Yaacob Khatijah Aisha , Riley David Jason
Published: November 2013

Many researches on electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) use commercial TiO2 nanoparticles from Degussa. TiO2 from Degussa is not use in this research because in order to make the TiO2 nanoparticle electronically charged and move under an applied constant voltage, a small amount of iodine and acetylacetone needs to be added to the suspension. It is suggested that the H+ ions generated by the reaction is absorbed on the suspended particles making them positively charged. For anodic EPD, negatively charged nanoparticles are required. In this research TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by adding 1 ml of titanium isopropoxide dilute with 1 ml ethanol to 10 ml DI water and stirrer under 0°C for 4 hr. As prepared TiO2 nanoparticle were centrifuged at 5500 rpm for 10 min to isolate the particles from the solution. Then the TiO2 nanoparticles were resuspended in ethanol or water. TiO2 nanoparticle with particle diameter of 4.66 nm and anatase phase were produced. Important electrophoretic deposition process parameters, such as apparent pH of the TiO2 NPs, applied voltage, deposition time and solid loading, were studied during electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Effect of Concentration TTIP on Size Nano-Powder Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Authors: Zainurul A.Z. , Achoi M.F. , Rusop Mohamad , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: November 2013

In this work, titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was prepared by sol gel method using Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursor and Ethanol (C2H5OH) as solvent. The sol-gel was heated at temperature 150°C in 1 hour. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was milled with constant ball to powder ratio (BPR) of 10:1 with speed 600 rpm. Then the sample was characterized using Particle Size Analyzer, Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was prepared with three different concentration of TTIP to the size of Titanium Dioxide (TTIP) powder. Titanium Dioxide (TTIP) powder was milled with ball milling to produce nanopowder of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2).
Electrical and Physical Properties of Nanocomposited MEH-PPV: CNTs for Organic Solar Cells Application
Authors: Mohamad Saad Puteri Sarah , Zahid Fazlinashatul Suhaidah , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: November 2013

This paper discussed the physical and electrical properties of annealed and non-annealed CNTs in nanocomposited MEH-PPV:CNTs. By comparing these two types of CNTs, it is proven that annealed CNTs showed improvement in both properties compared to the non-annealed CNTs. The main improvement related to the physical properties from one aspect, influence the electrical of the nanocomposited MEH-PPV:CNTs thin film. The non-annealed CNTs with diameter size 8-9 nm is lessen to 5-6 nm after annealing. The photo conductivity increased from 11.2 x 10-3 S/m to 22.9 x 10-3 S/m.
Study of Annealed Nickel (Ni)/Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Nanostructures Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Sobri M. , Shuhaimi A. , Hakim K.M. , Mamat M.H. , Najwa S. , Mazwan M. , Ameera N. , Musa M.Z. , Rusop M.
Published: November 2013

Nickel (Ni) / indium tin oxide (ITO) nanostructures were deposited on glass and silicon (111) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering using a nickel target and ITO (In-Sn, 90%-10%) targets. The post-deposition annealing has been performed for Ni/ITO films in air and the effect of annealing temperature on the electrical, optical and structural properties on ITO films was studied. We found the appearance of (411) and (622) peaks in addition to (400) and (222) major peaks, which indicates an improvement of the film crystallinity at high annealing temperature of 650°C. The samples show higher transmittance of more than 90% at 460 nm after annealing. In addition, increasing the annealing temperatures also improve the film electrical properties. The resistivity decreases to 6.67×10-6Ωcm when annealed at 500°C as opposed to 6.75×10-5Ωcm in as-deposited film.
Bonding and Mechanical Properties of PMMA/TiO2 Nanocomposites
Authors: Hafizah N.N. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Abidin Mohd Hanafiah , Said Che Mohd Som , Rusop Mohamad
Published: November 2013

In this study, the polymer nanocomposites was prepared by mixing the TiO2 nanofiller into the polymer PMMA matrix using the sonication and solution casting technique. The PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite was prepared at different amount of TiO2 in PMMA and was measured using FTIR, EDX and DMTA. The DMTA results show that the higher amount of TiO2 in PMMA will contribute to the increase of the storage modulus of the nanocomposites. But, the too high amount of the filler will limit the properties of the nanocomposites. The FTIR and EDX analysis also are discussed in this paper.
Low Temperature Growth and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Prepared by Two-Step Solution-Based Deposition Method
Authors: Afaah A.N. , Asib N.A.M. , Aziz Aadila , Rusop Mohamad , Mohamed Ruziana , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: November 2013

ZnO thin films with typical c-axis (0 0 2) orientation were successfully deposited on glass substrates by two-step deposition method; mist-atomization and solution-immersion. The samples were annealed at selected temperature range of 350-500 ᵒC. The prepared samples then analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The optical properties of the samples were studied. The results of different annealing temperatures are also compared to investigate the optical and physical properties of each sample. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed low intensity in UV emission and high intensity in the visible emission, which indicates a good surface morphology of the ZnO nanorod. The Raman intensity changes in all sample were also tested.
Influence of Annealing Temperature to Surface Morphology of Flowerlike ZnO Deposited on Seeded Glass
Authors: Afaah A.N. , Aziz Aadila , Asib N.A.M. , Rusop Mohamad , Mohamed Ruziana , Khusaimi Zuraida
Published: November 2013

Flower-shaped ZnO nanocrystals have been synthesized by a two-step solution based deposition method; mist-atomizer and solution-immersion on seeded glass substrate. The samples are annealed at different temperature in the range of 350 to 500 ᵒC. The structural properties of the samples were studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images for the ZnO thin films were obtained. Morphological changes due to various annealing temperature are discussed as changes observed in the ZnO crystals. FESEM image of the surface of the ZnO reveal the flowerlike vertical nanorods with hexagonal crossection. The samples with higher roughness analyzed from AFM images indicate that the sample have larger grain. AFM results are found in good agreement and supported the FESEM results.
Removal of Reactive Dyes from Aqueous Solution by Modified Electric Arc Furnace Slag
Authors: Majid Z. Abdul , Hong F.W. , Rosmi M.S. , Ismail N. , Suriani A.B. , Dalila A.R. , Rusop M.
Published: November 2013

The utilization of modified electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) was successfully carried out to remove reactive dyes (SSB-BRF) from aqueous solutions. Modified EAFS was prepared and characterized by BET surface area analyzer and FESEM. The result of FESEM micrograph shows that the structure of modified EAFS has similar structure to the flower-like porous hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoarchitectures composed of ultra-thin nanoflakes. Batch studies were carried out to address various experimental parameters such as adsorbent amount and concentration of dye. In the batch system, the maximum SSB-BRF uptake capacities of modified and original EAFS adsorbent (at 300 ppm dye concentration) were 80.03 and 20.99 mgg−1 respectively. In the batch system for different amount of slag, the maximum uptake capacities SSB-BRF of modified and original EAFS were 92.24 and 19.08 mgg-1 (adsorption of 300 ppm of dye concentration onto 0.1 g of slag) respectively. The Langmuir models were able to describe the adsorption equilibrium. The results indicated that modified EAFS could be employed as an excellent and low-cost sorbent for removal of reactive dye from aqueous solution.
Experimental Verification and Theoretical Analysis of Silk Dyeing and Finishing Functions with Modified Natural Tea Polyphenols Dye
Authors: Zhou Yu Jun , Wang Wen Li , Yi Ting Juan , Chen Guo Hua
Published: November 2013

The modification of natural dyes tea polyphenols is discussed in the silk dyeing. Tea polyphenols and 3-chlorine-2 - hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTMA) are ionized in alkaline condition, and modified tea polyphenols are prepared. The effect of CHPTMA modifier dosage, pH, temperature and time condition to modification of tea polyphenols are studied systematically. The optimal process of modification is obtained. The dyeing & finishing functional performances on silk were performed experimentally and verified theoretically.
Multi-Bubble Electrospinning of Nanofibers
Authors: Sun Xue Feng , Liu Yong , Liu Jian , Wang Rui , Hu Yan Li
Published: November 2013

Multi-bubble electrospinning is considered as one of efficient techniques which have potential for large scale production of nanofibers. However, there is a lack of published research to better understand the formation of bubbles and the mutual interference among these bubbles. In this paper, the formation methods of multiple bubbles on the free liquid surface were examined to determine which ones performed relatively well. The influence of solution concentration, applied voltage, gas pressure, liquid length and the shape of electrode on the process and morphology of nanofibers were also investigated. The results showed that multiple gas tubes in the solution was the best choice to produce stable multiple bubbles though the number of bubbles was less than that obtained by the other methods. Some important processing parameters, such as solution concentration, applied voltage and the shape of electrode, had an important influence on the morphologies of nanofibers. Finally, both experimental and theoretical investigations in this process proved that the mutual interference among bubbles existed during multi-bubble electrospinning process.
Two Dimensional Nano-Net by Bubble Electrospinning
Authors: Liu Hong Yan , Dou Hao , Ren Zhong Fu
Published: November 2013

Two dimensional NanoNet is obtained by the bubble electrospinning, its mechanism is elucidated and experimental verification is given. Combined fibers in the NanoNet might be simple combination of two separate fibers, or it is a daughter cascade caused in hierarchical motion of a charged jet. A criterion is given to identify simple combination and daughter cascades by using area conservation, mass conservation and moment conservation. Experiment verification of these criterions is given.
Frequency of Bubble Formation in Modified Bubble Electrospinning
Authors: Kong Hai Yan , He Ji Huan
Published: November 2013

Bubble-electrospinning is one of the most straightforward ways to fabricate polymer solution into nanofibers. The key point of the technology is to control bubble size and formation frequency. A modified bubble electrospinning set-up is designed to control the size of polymer bubbles and frequency of bubble formation in the spinning process. A PVA (10wg %) solution is used in the experiment for fabricate polymer solution into nanofibers and superfine nanofibers are obtained with the average diameter of about 200nm.
Edible Starch for Fabrication of Nanoparticles by Electrospinning
Authors: He Chun Hui , Wang Xing Cai
Published: November 2013

The electrospinning is used to produce environment-friendly and degradable nanoparticles. The edible starch is used as the electrospinning solution and water as solvent, and size of the nanoparticles is controllable by the solution concentration.
Antibacterial Activity of Polyester Fabric Treated with Nano-TiO2 via One-Bath Process
Authors: Sun Fei Ling , Zheng Min
Published: November 2013

Modified polyester fabric with pores was treated with self-synthesized TiO2under high-temperature (130°C) and high-pressure condition via one-bath process. By SEM, uniform holes and many particles could be seen on the treated fiber surface. EDX was used for analysis. Results show that materials deposited on the fiber surface were TiO2. Shake flask test was selected to evaluate the antibacterial ability of the treated fabric. Antibacterial rate against E.coli and S.aureus were 96.24% and 92.00%, respectively. At the same time, the durability to laundering was also tested. The results indicated that antibacterial property of the treated fabric was still excellent even after it was washed 50 times
Fabrication and Preliminary Study of a Prototype Bi-Layered Small Diameter Vascular Prosthesis Composed of Nano-Fiber and Silk Fiber
Authors: Zhao Hui Jing , Zhou Guo Li , Yuan Zhi Qing
Published: November 2013

Biomaterials used for vascular prostheses should possess certain strength that can keep the normal blood fluidity, as well as certain flexibility and elasticity that can resist blood pulsation pressure. In order to fabricate small diameter vascular prostheses (SDVP) that possess matchable mechanical properties with natural blood vessels, a bi-layered tubular structure composed of electrospinning blended nanofiber and silk fiber was designed and prepared in this study. The inner layer of the structure, prepared through electrospinning, was composed of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and silk fibroin (SF) blended nanofibers. Braided silk tube was used as the outer layer of the structure. Morphological, structural and mechanical properties including peak stress, peak strain, and Youngs modulus of the prototype bi-layered SDVP were characterized initially. Results showed that the diameter range of the blended nanofiber was between 100 and 900 nm, and the fiber diameter increased with the content increase of PLCL. Through blending PLCL together with SF, peak stress and peak strain of the electrospun inner layer were improved, and that of the Youngs modulus decreased. Meanwhile, the outer layer of SDVP was stronger and had higher Youngs modulus. Those mechanical performances of the prototype bi-layered SDVP fabricated in this study are similar to natural blood vessels, which provide a promising biomaterial that could be applied on tubular tissue engineering scaffolds.
Droplet-Like Beads in the Surface of Nanofibers by Bubble-Electrospinning
Authors: Dou Hao , Liu Hong Yan , He Ji Huan
Published: November 2013

Bubble electroblowing is employed by combining bubble-electrospinning with airflow to prepare silk fibroin nanofibers. The result indicated that not only nanofibers but also droplet-like beads were formed. Unlike traditional beads conjugating fibers, droplet-like beads accompanied fibers by sides. The average diameter of fibers is 572 nanometers while the special beads is 1909 nanometers.
Vibration and Heat Effect on Electrospinning Modeling
Authors: Wan Yu Qin , Qiang Jing , Yang Li Na , Cao Qin Qin , Wang Mei Zhen
Published: November 2013

Weakness of electrospun nanofiber has impeded its industrial applications for a long period. Our studies reveal a promising solution to this problem by applying ultrasonic vibration to the polymer solutions during electrospinning. To well understand and control of this new technology, a mathematical model is much needed. During the vibration, heat and vibration induced by the ultrasonic energy will not only affect the rheological properties of the polymer solution and the energy balance of the electrospinning system, but play an important role on the current generated in the charged jet. Taking consideration of such impacts of ultrasonic vibration, governing equations for current, momentum and energy are derived, and a simplified model is also provided for practical applications.
No-Reference Model for Video Quality Assessment Based on SVM
Authors: Wu Li Li , Yu Chun Yan
Published: November 2013

This paper focuses on the video distortion which is caused by the packet loss. Considering the relationship between the human visual perception which is caused by the packet loss and the visual characteristic of the video content, we present a no-reference model for video quality assessment based on Support Vector Machine. The feature vector of the SVM contain temporal complexity, spatial complexity, the average number of bits per frame and the packet loss rate. Temporal complexity, spatial complexity and the average number of bits per frame represent the visual characteristic of the video content. The value of the packet loss rate means the distortion which is caused by the packet loss intuitively. Experimental results show that this model has a good consistency with the subjective.
Wheeled Mobile Robot Based on 51 Single Chip Computer Control System Design
Authors: Han Jun , Zhou Hui Jun
Published: November 2013

Controller is the core of robot control system. This design uses a dual stc89c52rc single chip microcomputer control, which processes and responds very quickly,with the campaign, obstacle avoidance, automatic tracing function. This article describes the hardware and software design of control system.
A Study on the Performance of Watermarking Algorithm Based on DCT
Authors: Fang Hou Xiao , Hua Zhu Peng
Published: November 2013

Based on DCT domain, this paper presents a digital watermarking algorithm, which combines luminance masking threshold characteristics of Watson and controls the watermark embedding position through transforming the chaotic sequence so that the watermark has better robustness and imperception. For watermark algorithm of the same kind, the values assigned to some factors could bring substantial influence to the watermarking system. This article primarily analyzes these factors which affect the performance of the watermarking system through the quality of image perception and robustness, provides specific experimental data, and explains the importance of the assignment of these values in algorithm design. This article employs two kinds of watermark information carriers which can precisely explain the problem and evaluate the performance of the watermarking system.
Analysis and Simulation on SVD-Based 3D Mesh Digital Watermark Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Yun
Published: November 2013

The paper mainly discusses the digital watermark algorithm for 3D grid model. Traditional algorithm cannot coordinate the contradiction between invisibility and robustness of digital watermark. In order to improve the security, this paper proposes a 3D grid digital watermark algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD). Firstly, we set the matrix formed by distance from the vertexes to center of 3D mesh model as the vertex modulus matrix. Then the matrix is decomposed by SVD, and finally the watermark is embedded into the diagonal matrix to get the 3D mesh model containing watermark signal. The simulation results show that the algorithm effectively solves the problem of invisibility and robustness of watermark, and the watermark formed here can resist various attacks which enforce the protection of 3D mesh models Rights.
A Novel Abnormal Traffic Detection Method Based on Statistical Model
Authors: Chen Ting , Wu Yue
Published: November 2013

An abnormal traffic detection method via statistical model is proposed in this paper. At first, a new feature of normal traffic that it represents significant one-order dependency is discovered. In other words, normal traffic is obviously positive correlative. But the feature rarely appears in abnormal traffic. Based on one-order dependency, an entropy-rate model which is highly relevant to Markov model is then introduced by this paper to detect abnormal traffic. The proposed method is independent of signature so that it is able to detection both known and unknown abnormal traffic. At last, contrast experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms current methods in terms of false positives and false negatives.
Research on Synchronous Parallel Coding Algorithm of Medium Length BCH and FPGA Implementation
Authors: Liu Ce Lun , Zhang Kai , Fan Sen Quan , Huang Yan Dong
Published: November 2013

The error correction capability of BCH is very strong, especially for the short and medium length of codes, which performance reaches the theory value. Besides, it has a strict algebraic structure, which plays an important role in the encode theory. But traditional serial BCH has a low throughput, so it cannot satisfy high speed communication. This paper designed a parallel synchronization encode and decode algorithm, and used FPGA to simulate. Experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm can satisfy the requirement of code rate and hardware resources consumption, so the algorithm has a very useful practical value.
The Global Characteristic Cluster to the Base Station Classification
Authors: Jiang Shi Bao , Bai Chuan Feng , Du Cui Feng
Published: November 2013

due to the time sequence has some unique characteristics, problems with the traditional point to point distance method are realized by more and more researchers when measuring the similarity of time series. Therefore, this paper uses a new similarity measure, i.e. global characteristics, extracting values of statistical distribution, seasonal, spectral and other characteristics from time series to construct eigenvector, based on the characteristic vector clustering analysis. By conducting time series clustering of communication base stations in a region, this paper confirms the method is able to deal with global characteristics that has a larger scale of time series, and to calculate effectively large time series.
Evaluation of Crowd Motion Direction Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Yang Guo Qing , Cui Rong Yi
Published: November 2013

Taking the wavelet decomposed approximate image as the main research object, a direction estimation method for moving object was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the approximate image for the frame of the video was obtained via wavelet decomposition; and furthermore, the motion estimation on the approximate image was achieved to obtain the motion vectors. Finally, the motion vectors were described as polar coordinate form to compute the number of motion vectors in specified angles and the information entropy of the motion directions. The experiment results show that the proposed method can remove the effect of noise and the results of direction estimation are consistent with the actual motion directions.
Fuzzy Clustering Segmentation Algorithm Research for Sport Graphics Based on Artificial Life
Authors: Liang Li , Wang Hong Wei
Published: November 2013

In this paper, linking with the basic principle of FCM (Fuzzy c-means clustering) algorithm, on the basis of theory research, the segmented partitions emerge when the state of the lives reaches an equilibrium. The artificial life approach is promising in image processing because it is inherently parallel and coincides with the self-governing biological process. Then combined with intensity-texture-position feature space in order to produce connected regions shown in the image, the final segmentation result is achieved at last. The experiment results prove that in the view of the sport image segmentation, this algorithm provides fast segmentation with high perceptual segmentation quality.
Local Feature Extraction Technique Based on Stored Product Pests Target Recognition
Authors: Zhao Wen Cang , Chi Xiao Yu
Published: November 2013

In recent years, the target of local feature extraction and recognition technology is a hot research topic in digital image processing and computer vision field.In target recognition, pest undetected phenomenon often happens due to occlusion, once the conditions are favorable, pests quickly multiply and spread, causing great harm to the stored product.we established a common stored product pests image database, proposed feature extraction and matching algorithms, based on the combination of improved SURF and multi-resolution histogram.Pests specified in the database for target identification, especially when the pest is partially obscured, or the shape and size changes,by finding matching number of feature points the description of the target for accurate identification .This method is efficient, time-saving,provides an important scientific basis for the entry-exit inspection and quarantine in rapid identification of stored product pests.It is more conducive to the subsequent classification.
A Channel Emulator Based on WSSUS
Authors: Tang Ming Shuai , Xu Wei Zhang , Chen Chao
Published: November 2013

This design is based on WSSUS channel model. We achieved a real-time signal processing channel emulator which used the channel parameters provided by the DRM criteria. The article first introduces the WSSUS channel model, and then bases DRM criteria to determine the model parameters. Finally, through a structured design, we realized the model HF channel emulator by C language programming.