bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Grass Coverage on the Sediment Concentration in Overland Flow in the Hillslope-Gully Side Erosion System
Authors: Li Mian , Yao Wen Yi , Yang Er , Chen Jiang Nan , Ding Wen Feng
Published: October 2012

By scouring experiments, the changeable process and characteristics of sediment concentration in sloping surface with different coverage degrees and spatial locations of grass were studied. Five grass coverage degrees of 0, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, three spatial locations of grass (upslope, mid-slope, low-slope) and two water inflow rates of 3.2L/min, 5.2L/min were applied to a 0.5 by 8 m soil bed in scouring experiments. Results showed that in the hillslope–gully side erosion system, the grass coverage has great effect on reducing the sediment concentration in the overland flow when the water inflow rate is small, but when the water inflow rate is large this kind of effect is very limited. When the grass located at the low-slope on the hillslope the sediment concentration is relatively smaller. The sediment concentration in the overland flow is gradually decreasing with the duration of scouring, and the effect of spatial locations of grass on the temporal variation of sediment concentration is very complicated because of gully erosion.
The Urban Unsteady and Non-Pressure Rain Pipe Flow Routing by the Dynamical-Wave Method
Authors: Ren Bo Zhi , Zhang Xue , Zhou Hong Tao
Published: October 2012

The dynamical-wave method routing model of the unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow was be established by conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the city unsteady and non-pressure rain pipe flow, and it was resoled by applying the four concealing style differences and the pursue method. Results by experiment checking computations and comparative analysis state that this routing model can reflect flood peak propagate in pipeline attenuate and backwater etc. influence, has high calculation precision, possess vast sphere of application, and can adapt to performing the city rain pipe flow routing in the distinct situation of the different incline degrees and enter runoff. This routing model supplies the scientific foundation to the town rainfall piping design or checking, administration of storm runoff, and so on.
Statistical Analysis of Domestic Web News Reported Burst Events on Municipal Water Distribution System in 2011
Authors: Huang Lu , Li Shu Ping , Hou Yu Dong , Zhou Wei Wei , Zou Jun
Published: October 2012

In order to find out rules and trends of pipe burst, the relevant data of the 2011 domestic web news reported burst events were collected and collated. The statistical analysis results showed that, burst mainly occurred in the southern coastal cities. Summer and winter were the main seasons for burst, especially in January, burst became worse. 5:00-17:00 was a dangerous phase during a whole day. The trunk road intersection or crossings, and the construction site were more likely to become the incident locations. Improper construction and aging were the main reasons for burst. The diameter of burst were concentrated in DN300-DN600, DN800 and DN1000. Cast iron pipe was more likely to burst. The probability of burst might increase when pipe age became 20-30 or 30-40 years. The burst was repaired in time.
The Rainfall Measurement Using Dual-Polarization Doppler Weather Radar
Authors: Hu Ming Bao , He Hong Bing , Zhao Jing Zhi , Zhao Liang
Published: October 2012

In order to play a part in evaluation and manage of water resource for weather radar, the quantitative rainfall measurement of dual polarization doppler weather radar is developed. And based on the observed values of ombrometer, the differences of the measured values derived from different methods are analysed. The results show: The rainfall using KDP to calculate, i.e. R(KDP) method, is proximal to the data of ombrometer; R(ZH) and R(ZH, ZDR) method is underestimate rainfall obviously; R(ZDR, KDP) method is overestimate rainfall. With further analysis, rainfall measured by dual-polarization radar, especially from R(KDP) method, has higher precision, and provide the spatial distribution of the rainfall and the position of strong center well.
Flood Risk Analysis Based on IOSM
Authors: Diao Yan Fang , Zhang Qing Hua , Chen Jia Yuan , Wang Gang
Published: October 2012

Floods are indeed one of the most serious natural hazards for human societies, especially in China. Future flood variations are an issue of great uncertainty, and the risk analysis of floods is absolutely necessary. Based on the fact that floods are influenced by many factors, the occurrence of floods is fuzzy for our perception. Therefore, the interior-outer set model (IOSM) is introduced to calculate the flood fuzzy risk. The risk calculated by this proposed model is a particular case among imprecise probabilities, called possibility-probability distribution (PPD). The feasibility of this method is verified by citing annual maximum flows in Longmen station of Yellow River main stream as an example. The results show that this approach could give a better result to support flood risk management.
Research on Systematic Risk Model of Embankment Dam Overtopping Flood
Authors: Liu Shuai , Peng Hui , Zheng Chong Yang , Liu Shao Lin , Yan Qin Long
Published: October 2012

To solve the risk model for dam overtopping and instability of dam slope in the embankment systematic risk, the structural reliability theory is used in this paper. By using the single risk which has been calculated, the risk rate of embankment dam overtopping flood system can be approached. During the research of systematic risk rate, the problems which exist in the method of only using Bayesian networks solving systematic risk model are analyzed, then the methods of combining the structural reliability theory and Bayesian networks to solve the systematic risk model are put forward, which are also made use of to solve the systematic risk model of simplified embankment dam.
The Study on Stripping Time of Concrete Lining in Construction of Derivation Tunnel in ASAHAN NO.1 Hydropower Station Project
Authors: Yan Qin Long , Peng Hui , Mao Shi Yong , Zheng Chong Yang , Liu Shao Lin , Liu Shuai
Published: October 2012

The length of the stripping time of the diversion tunnel concrete lining of hydropower station will affect construction speed of the lining and increase the project cost. In combination with the actual situation of derivation tunnel in ASAHAN NO.1 hydropower station project, and using concrete strength test and mathematical model calculation, this article explores the proper stripping time of side and roof arch steel trolley.
FEM Simulation of Temperature and Thermal Stress of Xiaowan Arch Dam
Authors: Yang Xing Ping , Chang Xiao Lin , Liu Xing Hong
Published: October 2012

Taking all the effects into account of thermal and mechanical properties, construction process, environment temperature, arch-closure and reservoir impounding orders, three dimension (3D) finite element methods(FEM) was adopted to simulate the whole construction process for temperature changing and thermal stress distribution of the dam. Typically, the results of the highest 22nd monolith were analyzed, from which the general law for both temperature field and thermal stress was acquired. And the results are valuable for temperature control of Xiaowan high arch dam.
Mechanical Characteristic Research of Novel Prestressed Double Composite Linings
Authors: Xie Xiao Ling , Gong Ya Qi , Su Hai Dong
Published: October 2012

It is wildly attentive but controversial, in the area of structure engineering, how to assess and analyze the mechanical behavior of independent load-bearing or the joint load-bearing for double composite linings structure. The present paper is aim to discuss its working mechanism. The mechanical behavior of novel prestressed double composite linings is analyzed by using 3-D non-linear finite element method, comparing with the 1:1 simulation test. The numerical values are close to the test values including the deformation, the stress, and the opening of the gap between the inner and outer linings. The results show that the steel bars are most important component for joint load-bearing of the double linings and the cushion between the inner linings and outer linings can satisfy the independent load-bearing requirement. The numerical values are quite agreement with those of the test, which verify the mechanical behavior and working mechanism of the prestressed double composite linings. This research can help to the design of similar engineering projects.
The Application of Fuzzy Evaluation Method to Assess Safety Behavior of Xixia Reservoir Earthfill Dam
Authors: Yang Hai Ning
Published: October 2012

Based on the theories of Fuzzy Math and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), combining the natural, social and economic characteristics of earthfill dam and adequately considering different factors or indexes imposed on the safe operation of earthfill dam, the comprehensive safety assessment of earthfill dam through using multi-stratum fuzzy evaluation has been established. Furthermore, the safety assessment indexes, the theory of assessment, comprehensive weighting coefficient matrix and resolution methods are also established. From the practical measurement of Xixia reservoir earthfill dam, multi-stratum fuzzy evaluation method which is used to assess the comprehensive safety is reasonable and practical.
Nonlinear FEM Analysis of the Steel-Liner Reinforced Concrete Penstock Considering Softening Effect
Authors: Wu Hai Lin , Qin Shi He , Du Xiao Fan , Li Qun
Published: October 2012

In combination with the practice of a hydropower station steel-liner reinforced concrete penstock, the finite element model is established to analyze bearing characteristics of the penstock. In the paper, cracking behaviors of the surrounding concrete as well as stresses of the steel liner and reinforcement under normal water pressure are intensively studied based on the model test. The results can provide the basis for the safety operation of the steel-liner reinforced concrete penstock.
Contact Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for Gate Pier of Pengshui Hydropower Station
Authors: Qi Yong Feng , Chen Qin
Published: October 2012

Gate pier may cause damaged by construction joints under inappropriate pouring in Pengshui Hydropower Station. Based on nonlinear FEM, a contact algorithm is adopted to simulate interaction of construction joints between the overflow dam surface and gate pier. With different contact type and loading, the deformation and stress are analyzed comparatively in detail in order to evaluate the strength and safety of the gate pier. The results show that existence of construction joints reduces the stiffness of the structure, but satisfies the requirements of original reinforcement project, which have a little effect on safety of the gate pier.
An Electrochemical Corrosion Study of SAE1045 Steel in Polyacrylamide Gel and Sodium Chloride Surroundings
Authors: Lu Nan , Yao Yi , Yang Hai Peng , Chen Xi Liang , Gu Kun Ming , Tang Jiao Ning
Published: October 2012

The electrochemical corrosion property of SAE1045 steel in polyacrylamide gel (PAM) surroundings with sodium chloride was investigated by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) method. Results showed that with the increase of PAM, the self-corrosion current decreased from 3.3 ± 0.4 μA down to 0.7 ± 0.2 μA. This indicates that the polymer gels prevented the diffusion of the corrosion products, and the corrosion products kept on the surface of the steel and prevented further corrosion of the steel.
Study on Technology of KR Desulfurization for Hot Metal with Vanadium and Titanium
Authors: Wang Jian , Ge Wen Sun , Chen Lian , Huang Sheng Quan , Fan Jia Rong , Zhong Zheng Hua
Published: October 2012

Through the adjustment of desulfurizer in KR desulfurization process, the efficiency of desulfurization is increased obviously on condition of maintaining the same KR desulfurization process. While the desulfurization rate is as high as 84.2% and this is 3.2% higher than that before optimization. Consumption of desulfurizer is 12.3kg/t hot metal on average which is 1.4kg/t hot metal than that before optimization. In addition, TFe content in desulfurizing slag is 10.4%, which is reduce by 3.25% of the value before optimization. There is nearly the same content of carbon and vanadium in hot metal. The optimized desulfurizer can be used in KR desulfurization process, and wonderful results have been gotten. Therefore, it has a good prospect of application.
A Study on the Relationship between the Abnormal Chemical Components of Underground Water and Endemic Fluorosis in Shuangliao Area, Jilin Province, China
Authors: Sun Ya Hong , Sun Shu Hai , Lu Lai Jun , Chen Guo Qiang , Wang Xue
Published: October 2012

A spatial quantitative combination seek-different model of hydrology geochemistry elements was applied for the quantitative analysis of underground water elements in Shuangliao endemic fluorosis area, Jilin province, China. According to main factors analysis, chemical types plots of underground water, and distributions of endemic fluorosis area, the results indicated there was an obvious positive correlation between F- and NO2-, F- and K+, which showed no endemic fluorosis in this area; while there was a weak negative correlation between Cl-, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and F-. HCO3- and Na+ performed a strong positive correlation between HCO3- and Na+, but showed a negative correlation with F-, which suggested a low incidence in this area. This result was probably due to a lot of Ca2+, Mg2+ cation in water, which had an antagonism effect on F-, and the concentration of F- was relative low. The effect of endemic fluorosis under chemical conditions of underground water was contributed to the comprehensive effect of antagonism and synergism.
Influence of Disintegrant on Properties of Fast Disintegrating Tablet Containing Xylitol
Authors: Katewongsa Prachya , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: October 2012

Disintegrants had influence on disintegration time and dissolution for fast disintegrating tablet (FDTs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of disintegrant type on the characteristics of FDTs. In this research, the tablets were fabricated by direct compression with the compression force of 1.5 tons and using the different disintegrants components (chitin, chitosan, xylitol, microcrystalline celluloses, white bentonite and magnabite F). The physical properties of these tablets were determined. The xylitol tablets were rapidly disintegrated within 7+1 s, whereas that of the others was longer than 30 mins. The tablets containing the mixture of xylitol and other materials were subsequently fabricated since the hardness of the xylitol tablet was very poor. The disintegration time and wetting time of tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 was shorter than that of the others. The contact angle of tablets containing xylitol and Avicel PH101 at the ratio of 9:1 was lowest and surface free energy (SFE) of them was highest compared with the other formula. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) displayed that xylitol and tablets containing 9:1 xylitol:Avicel PH101 had no disordered arrangement, therefore it could promote the disintegrating property effectiently.
Cold Test of Circulating Fludized Bed Decomposition Phosphogypsum
Authors: Ma Lin Zhuan , Cui Qiong Fang , Guo Jun Ming , Zhang Ying Jie
Published: October 2012

Phosphogypsum is the gypsum as a byproduct of the processing of phosphate ore into fertilizer with sulfuric acid. It’s main components is CaSO4. Circulating fluidized bed(CFB) is the best reactor. In this paper the characteristics of phosphogypsum decomposition were analyzed via CFB reaction in cold test. And applied quantity of wind and bed material influenced bed pressure and the quantity of solides and solids concentration.
Distributed Characteristics of Mining Rights of Key Minerals of China
Authors: He Wen Na , Lu Lai Jun , Wang Yong Zhi , Lu Yu Lin , Tan Yong Jie
Published: October 2012

To better understand the distributed characteristics of key minerals of China, a systematic analysis regarding the mining rights and prospecting rights for coal, iron, copper, aluminum, and other key minerals was done all over the country. The characteristics of the national mining rights of key minerals shows as followings: too much underground mining rights, less prospecting rights, the scale of mining rights is relative small and the geological distribution is unbalance. The analysis result can provide an important reference to mining rights management and mineral resource deployment.
Protein Hydrolysate from Brewer’s Spent Grain and its Inhibitory Ability of α-Glucosidase
Authors: Lin Hong Jia , Li Lin , Tian Ying Juan , Zhang Xia , Li Bing
Published: October 2012

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) rich in proteins is the main by-products in brewery. BSC proteins were extracted and hydrolyzed by Alcalase. The effects of hydrolysis time, temperature, pH and amount of enzyme added on the peptide yield were investigated. Inhibition of BSG protein hydrolysate against α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro. BSG protein hydrolysate at 4.0 mg/mL showed the inhibition of 21.42% against α-glucosidase. The BSG protein hydrolysate after ultrafiltration purification exhibited much higher inhibition than that without ultrafiltration purification. The inhibition of BSC protein hydrolysate fraction with molecular weight fraction less than 5 kDa was 56.41%.
Study on the Gelation Properties of the Glucan from Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Wang Bao Qin , Xu Ze Ping , Liu Nan Nan
Published: October 2012

Objective: To study the gelation properties of glucan from Sclerotium rolfsii under the different condition. Methods: Using viscosimetric method to determine the influences of the different concentration, shear force, temperature, pH, and metal ions on the viscosity of glucan solution. Results: The viscosity of glucan solution increased with the concentration raised. The viscosity was 350 mPa.s at 0.16% and was 13927 mPa.s at 2.56% concentration, respectively. The viscosity of glucan solution varies inversely as with shear force. When the concentration was at 0.32 and 0.64%, the viscosity of the glucan solution is affected only slightly by temperature variations (8~90 °C), and remains practically constant within the range of pH from 4 to 12. When the concentration was at 0.64%, the viscosity of the glucan was affected by the addition of metallic ion as the extent Fe3+ > Ca2+ > Na+. Conclusion: The glucan from Sclerotium rolfsii will be a kind of gum used with its good processing characteristics in food field for its excellent processing properties.
Synthesis and Adsorption Properties for Ag(I) of Pyridinedicanbnyl Thiourea Resin
Authors: Wang Zhong Nan , Zhong Hong , Wang Shuai
Published: October 2012

A novel pyridinedicanbnyl thiourea chelating resin(PTR) was synthesized from pyridinedicanbnyl diisothiocyanate and diethylene triarmine , its structure was confirmed by FT-IR. The adsorption properties of PTR for Ag(I) were investigated by batch operation . The results show that the adsorption equilibrium of PTR for Ag(I) is achieved after 14 hour at 25°C, the equilibrium adsorption capacity is 4.73mmol/g, the adsorption process accords with G. E. Boyd equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm as well,and the silver-loaded resins can be quantitatively eluted by a solution containing 6% thiourea in 1mol/L HNO3.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-Hydroxyl-4-Methyl-Thioxanthone
Authors: Jiang Yin Zhi , Xiong Kuan , Zou Yang , Gao Xiao Long
Published: October 2012

The title compound, 2-hydroxyand-4-methylthioxanthone（C14H10O2S）has been prepared from 2,2'-dithiosalicylic acid and 3-methylphenonl and characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectra. The yield was higher in the presence of P2O5.Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for the title compound: the triclinic system, space group P-1, with a = 7.4699(11)Å, b = 7.4839(11) (13)Å,c = 19.659(3) (11)Å,α=87.981(3) º,β= 85.678(3) º , γ= 82.618(3) º，Z=2，V= 1086.5(3) Å 3，Dc= 1.481mg.m-3,F（000）=504,µ= 0.281mm-1,R=0.0588 and wR= 0.1333.The results of crystal structure determination show that there exist intra-molecular hydrogen bonds, resulting in a framework of dimmers. C(1), C(2), C(3), C(4), C(5), C(6), C(7), C(8), C(9), C(10), C(11), C(12), C(13) and S(1) is coplanar in one molecular of the dimmer, and C(15), C(16), C(17), C(18), C(19), C(20), C(21), C(22), C(23), C(24), C(25), C(26),C(27) and S(2) is coplanar in the other molecular of the dimmer. The dihedral angle between the two molecular plans is 28.10（0.08）, which shows that two molecular plans is not parallel in the framework of dimmers.
Study on Decolorization for Dye Wastewater by Adsorption - Microwave Degradation Activated Carbon from Bean Dregs
Authors: Shui Yong Hong , Song Hong Yan , Feng Xi Ling , Li Qiao Qiao , Jiang Yue
Published: October 2012

In order to improve the decolorization of dyeing wastewater, reduce the resources and energy consumption of the wastewater treatment process, Activated carbon from bean dregs (ACBD) was prepared the first time. The decolorizing effects of Methylene Blue on the activated carbon-microwave degradation were discussed. The decolorizing rate of dye-wastewaters respect on adsorbent time(t), adsorbent dosage(m) and pH value were investigated. And the conventional treatment results were compared. The results showed that microwave radiation could accelerate the adsorption of dye on carbon. Improve the decolorization rate and reduce the bleaching time. The decolorization rate reach to 98% after 10 seconds with 1.67g/L ACBD at pH=5.66 when 60mL for the 250mg/L dye wastewater. Compared with usual adsorption, conventional methods take 90min to reach the bleaching effect of microwave radiation just 10s under differently the quantity of ACBD. The decolorization time reduces greatly by microwave degradation.
Study on the Chemical Modification of Cellulose in Ionic Liquid with Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Li Hai Feng , Li Huan , Zhong Xuan , Li Xin Da , Gibril Magdi E. , Zhang Yue , Han Ke Qing , Yu Mu Huo
Published: October 2012

Dissolution and regeneration of cotton cellulose using ionic liquids as solvent was investigated. In this paper, modification of celluloses with maleic anhydride (MA) was carried out in ionic liquid,1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(AmimCl).The maleylation celluloses with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.85and 1.46 were accessible in IL. The effects of reaction time, temperature and mass ratio of the MA in cellulose were investigated. These maleylation celluloses were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experiments showed that the optimal conditions for grafting were: mass ratio of maleic anhydride and cotton cellulose 0.8; reaction time of 90 min; temperature of 80 °C.
Electroreduction Behavior of Acrylonitrile in BmimBF4
Authors: Chen Liang , Mao Xin Biao , Chu You Qun , Chen Song , Ma Chun An
Published: October 2012

Electroreduction of acrylonitrile in ionic liquid BMimBF4 was studied to find a new green process for producing adiponitrile. Effects of cycling times, acrylonitrile concentration and water concentration were determined by cyclic voltammetry. One reduction peak of acrylonitrile was determined in first cycle and second reduction peak was determined after scanning 4th time. Currents of second reduction peak increased with adding scanning times. Peak current increased with increasing acrylonitrile concentration and water concentration. Peak potentials of voltammograms shifted to negative when increased acrylonitrile concentration, while it had reverse trend with increasing water concentration.
DFT Study on Structures, Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Bromo Silsesquioxanes Si2nO3nBr2n (n=1-5)
Authors: Yu Shu Yuan , Zhang Cheng Gen , Yang Xu
Published: October 2012

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the structures of bromo silsesquioxanes Si2nO3nBr2n (n=1-5). Our study focuses on the structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of the bromo silsesquioxanes. The large HOMO–LUMO gaps, which range from 4.43 to 6.62 eV, imply optimal electronic structures for these molecules.
Microemulsion Method Preparation Zn(1-X)S:Cux(0.001<x<0.05) and the Research of Luminescence Property
Authors: Wang Zhi Long , Liang Yan , Wang Shi Qin , She Ya Li
Published: October 2012

Series samples Zn(1-x)S:Cux (0.001<x<0.05) have been prepared by a simple and template-free microemulsion method. From the XRD we know that all samples are single phase. The SEM photo shows that the particle sizes are about 50～200nm.When the contents of doping Cu2+ ions increasing, the particle sizes become larger, which proves that Cu2+ ions occupy the position of Zn2+ ions. The emission spectrum (ES) indicates that when doping Cu2+ ions ,samples show a blue light and the main emission peaks which caused by Cu2+ ions t2 transition locates at 425nm. Moreover, when co-doping Cu2+ ions and Mn2+ ions, the intensity of PL emissions increased.
Analytical Method of Gliotoxin Content by HPLC
Authors: Zhang Xin Qing , Xu Ze Ping , Yang Chuan Lun , Wang Jian Ping , Wei Zheng
Published: October 2012

Objective: To establish a determination method for gliotoxin. Methods: Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used：the column was Inertsil ODS-SP; detection wavelength set at 254 nm; mixed solution of menthol and water（50:50）was used as the mobile phase with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Results: The regression equation of gliotoxin content was y = 9E–08x–0.003. The linear range was 0.5-2.5mg/mL and the average recovery was 99.22%. Conclusion: This method is simple, effective and suitable for analysis of the gliotoxin. A reliable basis was provided for the determination of gliotoxin.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Mechanism of Metal Composite and Self Toughing and Toughening Si3N4 Ceramics Coupling
Authors: Yin Rui Ming , Ji Fu Bao , Hou Qing Lin , Jing Li , Chen Lin Zhang
Published: October 2012

Fe-Mo/Si3N4 cermet powers are prepared by heterogeneous precipitation-thermal reduction process and sintered on normal pressure with Y2O3-MgO additives.The effect of sintering temperature on the phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed. Result of study indicates: the rise of sintering temperature is beneficial to retention the metal phase and the generation of β-Si3N4 whisker. At the temperature of 1650°C, Y-Mg-Si-O-N glass phase is generated, At the temperature of 1700°C, whiskers-like β-Si3N4, good wettability phases on Si3N4 surface, and high toughness Fe phase appeared in Fe-Mo/Si3N4 cermets. It can effectively better the microstructures of Fe-Mo/Si3N4 cermets, and contribute to improve the material mechanical perperties. When the temperature rise to 1750°C, the maximum particle MoSi2 can destroy the microscopic structure, and decreases the density and mechanical properties of ceramics fast. The optimum sintering temperature is therefore about 1700°C.
Preparation and Characterization of LiMn2-xMgxO4 by Low-Temperature Flameless Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Chen Mi Mi , Zhou Xian Yan , Huang Xiang Zhong , Huang Mei , Su Chang Wei , Guo Jun Ming , Zhang Ying Jie
Published: October 2012

The spinel Mg-doped LiMn2-xMgxO4（0≤x≤0.10）lithium ion cathode material was prepared by LiNO3, Mn(Ac)2.4H2O and Mg(Ac)2.4H2O by a low-temperature flameless solution combustion at 400°C, and HNO3 was used as oxidant. The results showed that the crystallinity of prepared material was superior to the pure LiMn2O4, and this method was better than traditional solid-state method. The particle sizes of the Mg-doped spinel LiMn2-xMgxO4 decreased with the increase of Mg doping, and the particle sizes were 50 to 90 nm; the crystal lattice interface was clear. The original capacities of Mg-doped were lower than that of undoped LiMn2O4 (109.2 mAh/g) excepts for x(Mg)=0.04, original capacity of which was 128mAh/g. However, the rentions of all the doped spinels were higher than that of undoped spinel.
Research on the Preparation of Slag Wool Fiberboard with Sodium Silicate
Authors: Xing Hong Wei , Wang Xu , Zhang Wei , Wu Jin Hu
Published: October 2012

The volume weight, compression properties and water absorption character of slag wool fiberboard were studied with sodium silicate as binder. The results show that: the sodium silicate binder can increase the volume weight of the fiberboard, improve the compression properties and water insulation of fiberboard. At the same time, the microscopic morphology of the slag wool fiberboard were observed through SEM, it can be gotten that the fiber is wrapped by sodium silicate binder, and a layer of effective adhesive films is formed on the fiber surface which makes the slag fiberboard have the higher stability at a high temperature.
Determination of Paeoniflorin and Paeonol in Houyinan Tablet by UPLC
Authors: Yu Chu Qin , Lin Hua Qing , Hou Yue Han , Shi Zhong Feng , Lin Di Shi
Published: October 2012

In this study, our purpose was to establish a UPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Paeoniflorin and Paeonol in Houyinan Tablet. The separation was performed on Acquity BEH C18 column(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL•min-1, the detection wavelength was 230nm, the column temperature was 30°Cand the injection volume was 2μL. Paeoniflorin and Paeonol reached effective separation with the other components in this chromatographic conditions. Paeoniflorin and Paeonol were linear within the range of 0.0406~0.4064μg(r=0.9999) and 0.0426~0.4256μg (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recovery was 99.82% and 100.6%. The results of method validation indicated that the method was simple,quick,accurate, specific and less solvent consumption. It can be used for the quality control of Houyinan Tablet.
The Flocculating Properties of Cationic-Starch-Graft-Polyacrylamide and its Nano Magnetic Modified Product
Authors: Wang Guang Hua , Sun Ming Dong , Li Wen Bing , Lu Yun Zhou , Liu Xue Qin , Wang Juan , Hu Hao , Liu Qi , Huang Ting Ting
Published: October 2012

A series of Cationic-Starch-graft-Polyacrylamide (CP) copolymers have been synthesized in salt solution system under microwave radiation and modified by Nano magnetic Fe3O4 (NMCP). The two products were prepared as flocculants for coking wastewater treatment. The impact of CP dosage, NMCP dosage, PFS dosage, CTAB dosage and pH on flocculating effects was investigated. The result indicated that CP and NMCP could obviously improve flocculation performance without adjusting pH of wastewater. The optimal conditions were CP dosage 3 mg/L, NMCP dosage 20 mg/L, PFS dosage 1.2 g/L, CTAB dosage 60 mg/L. Under such circumstances, the removal rates of turbidity (NTU), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and colortity were 95.24%, 57.69% and 89.06%, respectively.
Removal of Iron in Hot Acid Leach Liquor by Hematite Process
Authors: Liu Chen , He Hang Jun , Liang Duo Qiang , Su Peng , Luo Chao Wei , Li Ting , Liu Ze
Published: October 2012

Lab-scale iron removal experiments were carried out in a batch 2-L autoclave to investigate the variables such as temperature, gas kind, for a better option for removal of iron in hot acid leach liquor in zinc conventional process. Experimental results showed precipitation temperature and duration is the most important factors, followed by pressure, and finally gas kind and stirring rate. Under a reasonable precipitation conditions: gas kind, air; temperature, 130oC; pressure, 0.8 MPa; duration, 15 min, iron precipitation yield reached 75.12%. Iron precipitation is relative pure and therefore it can be marketable.
Studies on the Desalination of NaCl Solution with Activated Carbon Coating Electrodes by Electrosorption and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Zhao Yan , Hu Xiao Min , Li Wei , Jiang Bin Hui
Published: October 2012

In this paper a promising electrosorption approach called capacitive deionization(CDI) was discussed to relieve the crisis of water resources shortage.A simple CDI cell reactor was fabricated to study the performance of electrosorption experiments.A mixture containing activated carbon powder(ACP),binder poly vinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and conductive graphite powder at the mass ratio of 8:1:1(%) was dissolved in di-methylacetamide(DMAc) to form a slurry,then the slurry was cast on the current collector to manufacture activated carbon coating electrodes. The surface morphology and electrochemical performance of obtained electrodes were characterized using SEM and cyclic voltammetry(CV).From the SEM image,the electrodes were irregular grid-like porous materials,and both ACP and PVDF binder were bound together.The results of CV indicated that the electric double layer was existing and the specific capacitance was calculated.The adsorption rate and capacity of NaCl onto activated carbon coating electrodes at different bias potentials were measured and the electrosorption kinetics were also investigated.The kinetic analysis demonstrated that the electrosorption of NaCl on the activated carbon coating electrodes conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics model.
Validity of Several NDT Methods on Low Velocity Impact Damage Evaluation of 2-Dimensional Plain Woven C/SiC Composites
Authors: Li Sheng Shan , Tong Xiao Yan , Yao Lei Jiang , Li Bin
Published: October 2012

An experimental study was carried out to study the low-velocity impact characteristics and the influence of impact energy on the damage of plain woven carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite. Visual, ultrasonic scanning, X-ray, industrial CT and infrared thermal imaging were then utilized respectively for Nondestructive Testing of the test specimens after impact test. The results show that the material damage area increase significantly with the increase of the impact energy. But as the specimen is run through, when the impact energy comes to12J, the damage area decrease. Compare the changing curves of the damage areas obtained by different detection methods, we can find that the changing trends of the damage areas obtained by ultrasonic C-scan and infrared thermal imaging are the same with the impact energies, indicating that the damage of the specimen are more credible by the two methods.
Effect of Filler Alloy on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Dissimilar Weldment between Aisi 201 Stainless Steel and Low Carbon Steel Sheets Produced by a Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Wichan Chuaiphan , Loeshpahn Srijaroenpramong
Published: October 2012

The joining of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 201) to low carbon steel sheets (CS) was attempted by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) with four types of consumables. The studied consumables were ER308L, ER309L, ER316L stainless steel wires, and AWS A5.18 carbon steel wire. The welding parameters – i.e. the current of 90 A and the welding speed of 62 mm.min-1 – were fixed in all welding operations. The microstructure of weld metal produced by stainless steel consumables consisted of delta ferrite in austenite matrix. The delta ferrite in the form of continuous dendrite was observed in weld metals produced by 308L and 309L fillers. The dendrite of delta ferrite was relatively discontinuous in weld metal produced by 316L filler. The microstructure of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler consisted of equiaxed ferrite and pearlite, similar to that of carbon steel. The corrosion behavior of weld metal was investigated by potentiodynamic method. Specimens were tested in 0.35-wt% NaCl solution saturated by laboratory air at 27°C. It was found that the corrosion potential of weld metal produced by carbon steel filler was considerably lower than those of AISI 201 base metal and weld metals welded using stainless steel consumables. Weld metals produced by stainless steel fillers –308L,309L and316L– exhibited the similar corrosion potentials as that of 201 base metal. The pitting potentials of weld metals produced by 309L, 316L fillers were higher than those of 201 base metal and weld metal produced by 308L filler respectively. It was discussed that the increase of Cr content in weld metals by using 309L filler contained with 24.791 wt% of Cr, or the addition of Cr and Mo in weld metals by using 316L filler contained with 21.347 wt% of Cr and 2 wt% of Mo, promoted the pitting corrosion resistance of weld metal to be comparable with that of Fe-17Cr-3Ni (201) base metal. An emission spectroscopy was applied to quantify the amount of elements in weld metals. By considering the contents of Cr and Mo, the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of each weld metal was calculated. The discussion of the corrosion resistance of weld metals related to PREN and microstructure was made in the paper.
Research of Lime-Mediated Sewage Sludge Use as Metallurgy Sintering Ingredients in the Sinter Industry
Authors: Xing Yi , Zhao Fan , Hong Chen , Yu Guang Wei , Yue Cheng Sheng , Si Yan Xiao
Published: October 2012

This paper discusses the feasibility of the lime-mediated sewage sludge replace the fuels and flux as metallurgy ingredients, the influence of lime-mediated sewage sludge used in metallurgy sintering process to the sinter performance. The calorific value of the sludge was 4.67MJ/kg. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the main existing form of Calcium in the lime-mediated sewage sludge is CaCO3 at 550°C, and almost is CaO at 1100°C. This provided the basis to the sludge used as sintering ingredients. Sintering cup experiment results showed that Lime dry sludge have a positive impact on sintering, the sinter quality indexes are improved. When sludge ratio is 3.00%, the vertical sintering burning rate is 21.28mm/min, the yield is 72.62%, the utilization coefficient is 1.455T/m2•h, fuel consumption from 65.65kg/T fall to 59.16kg/T, then concluded that the flux and fuel ratio replaced by lime-mediated sewage sludge were 43.3%, 13.3% respectively.
The Application of METSIM in Hydrometallurgy Process: A Case Study
Authors: Lv Ye Qing , Zheng Shi Li , Du Hao , Wang Shao Na , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the simulation of a typical hydrometallurgy process using METSIM has been discussed, and the function of METSIM in calculating mass balance for different hydrometallurgical operation units has been addressed. Preliminary results suggest that METSIM is able to calculate the mass balance of complicated hydrometallurgy processes including ore decomposition, dissolution, crystallization separation, and etc.
Study on Photochromic and Optical Storage Composite Properties of a Novel Diarylethene Bearing Isoxazole Unit
Authors: Li Xue , Liu Wei Jun , Liu Gang
Published: October 2012

A novel photochromic diarylethene，1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-5-(10-phenanthrenyl)-3-thienyl]Perfluorocyclopentene was synthesized and its photochromic and fluorescent properties were also investigated. The compound exhibited remarkable photochromism, changing from colorless to pink after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA film. The fluorescence intensity declined remarkably，when irradiation with UV light. Using this diarylethene 1 as optical storage was performed successfully.
Concrete Composite Properties with Modified Sodium Bentonite in Material Application Engineering
Authors: Rajczyk Jarosław , Langier Bogdan
Published: October 2012

Modern concrete technology requires the use of a large scale of different types of additives that modify the concrete’s properties of features. Often, complicated technical conditions impose the usage of concretes with certain properties. One such example is a mixture transported by gravitational methods using rain gutters. In this situation, it is required to have a concrete mixture that has a high degree of fluidity and does not undergo segregation, sedimentation or other modification of uniformity while in transit. When placing the additional requirement that the concrete must have a high water resistance; bentonites may be particularly useful. This paper presents the results of mechanical and physical properties of concrete with different concentrations of ground sodium bentonite. The particle size being from 30 to 60 nm was added as a dry ingredient together with the aggregate at 1, 2, 3 and 4% by weight of the cement. The ground sodium bentonite demonstrated significant changes in the characteristics of the fresh and hardened concrete, such as: consistency, strength and the amount of capillary pressure.
Mechanical Properties of Functionalized Carbon Nanotube as Reinforcements
Authors: Ling Cui Cui , Xue Qing Zhong , Zhou Xiao Yan
Published: October 2012

The effects of functional groups and degree of functionalization on the young modulus of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated through molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations. It is found that young’s modulus depends greatly on the functional groups and degree of functionalization. The results show that the fluorine (-F) can replace the hydrogen, and young modulus of sing-walled CNTs (SWNT) modified by -F functional group can inherit the mechanical properties of intrinsic SWNT. The binding energy between functional groups and SWNT, and electrostatic energy among the functional groups are mainly responsible for these findings. These characteristics rival those of SWNT modified by hydrogen allow one to consider SWNT modified by -F functional group for a range of technologies, in particular require better inertness and stability than unachievable for the compound.
The Soleplate Materials and Performance of Table Tennis Bat with the Composite Properties of Materials in Material Engineering
Authors: Sun Wei Min , Zhang Shao Qing , Hao Shi Ru
Published: October 2012

The study analyzed the relationship between the different composite materials, distributions of table tennis backplanes and the backplanes different performances. Although there’re so many brands which are with different price in the market of the table tennis equipment, the sportsmen could also find some principle through observing the functional material and manufacturing processes, and then understand the performance of the backplane; this study analyzed the relationship between the performance of table tennis bat and the composite properties of materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Caged Phosphate Microparticles Coated with Melamine Resin Based on Composite Properties of Materials
Authors: Fang Xiao Min , Xu Yuan Qing , Ding Tao
Published: October 2012

In order to develop efficient “three in one” intumesent flame retardants, a novel caged bicyclic phosphate, tris(1-oxo-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphorbicyclo[2.2.2]octane methylene-4)phosphate (trimer) as the core material was encapsulated by melamine resin and etherified melamine resin as nitrogen resource respectively via in situ polymerization. The two microencapsulations were characterized by SEM, XPS and thermal gravimetric analysis. When they were used as intumesent flame retardant in epoxy they all exhibit good properties. With 20wt% loading amount the flame-retarded epoxy all can pass UL94 V-0 rating.
Research on Electrochemical Micro-Machining in Manufacturing Engineering by Using Hollow Structure Cathode to Improve Current Stability
Authors: Wu Jing , Wang Hong , Zhao Xiao Lin , Ding Gui Fu , Huang Yi , Zhang Di
Published: October 2012

Since the small inter-electrode gap (IEG), high current density applied, high heat generated and redundant reaction product, the convection of electrolyte in IEG becomes an important factor for the stability of electrochemical micro-machining (EMM) in manufacturing engineering. In this paper, a novel structure of cathode used in EMM is presented. The proper experimental parameters are established from the simulated results. The hollow cathode, which is much more conductive to the flow, has been designed and fabricated on the basis of non-silicon surface micro-machining technology. The experimental test showed the improvement of current stability, and is consistent with the numerical simulations.
The Wood Composite Materials of Table Tennis Bat and Batting Techniques
Authors: Wang Zhong Hai , Yuan Ru Jian , Fan Xiao Bing
Published: October 2012

With the table tennis technical innovation and improvement of science, high-performance materials are used to manufacture of table tennis plate floor and help athletes have achieved better results. This article elaborated the wood composite materials’s impact on batting techniques through the analysis of the function of table tennis racket floor and its structure and capacity based on material science for provide the reference on manufacturing and selecting of table tennis racket.
Comparative Study on the Properties of BTCS and BTCZS Crystals Grown by Slow Evaporation Method
Authors: Irudayaraj A. Albert , Illavarasi G. , Dhayal Raj A.
Published: October 2012

Good quality Bisthiourea Cadmium Sulphate (BTCS) and Bisthiourea Cadmium Zinc Sulphate (BTCZS) crystals have been grown by simple slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were found to be transparent in the entire visible region. From the powder X-ray diffractograms it is concluded that BTCS crystal belongs to orthorhombic system, whereas BTCZS crystals belong to monoclinic system. From the FTIR comparative study of BTCS and BTCZS, it is observed that when Zinc is added into BTCS crystal, there is a decrease in the frequency of symmetric C=S stretching and an increase in the frequency of N-H asymmetric stretching vibration. UV-Vis studies show that the grown crystals have high transparency in entire visible region. The Vicker’s microhardness results show that the addition of Zinc with Bisthiourea Cadmium Sulphate reduces the hardness of the crystal.
Growth of Ethyl-Para-Hydroxybenzoate Single Crystal and its Characterization
Authors: Karunagaran N. , Ramasamy P.
Published: October 2012

Ethyl-para-hydroxybenzoate (EHB) single crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST) using methanol as a solvent. The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming that the crystal belongs to monoclinic structure. The grown crystal was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional groups present in the EHB crystal have been identified using FTIR spectrum analysis. The laser damage threshold of EHB crystal was measured. The mechanical strength of the grown EHB crystal was measured using Vickers microhardness, no cracks have been observed up to 100 g of load. The optical transparency of the grown EHB crystal has been measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The refractive index of grown EHB single crystal is 1.6610. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of the EHB single crystal were studied as function of frequency and temperature. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were studied. The melting point of EHB was 123°C. The luminescence behavior of EHB single crystal has been analyzed by photoluminescence analysis.
Crystal Growth, Spectral, Thermal and Optical Properties of Phthalic Anhydride (PA) Single Crystal
Authors: Janarthanan S. , Rajan Y.C. , Sugaraj Samuel R. , Pandi S.
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT Organic single crystal of Phthalic Anhydride (PA) was successfully grown by slow evaporation method. The structure of the grown crystal was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectral analysis of the crystalline samples reveal that the crystalline sample consists of all functional groups. The placement of protons was identified from H1-NMR spectral analysis. UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectral analyses were carried out for the grown crystals. The thermal behavior was studied with TGA-DTA analyses. The existence of second harmonic generation (SHG) signal was observed using Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. Keywords: Organic crystals, NLO crystals