bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdyscyplinarność, integracja i podziały nauk
Authors: Woleński Jan
Published: October 2021

Interdyscyplinarność z jednej strony jest coraz szerszą praktyką badań naukowych we wszystkich gałęziach wiedzy, a z drugiej staje się przedmiotem rozmaitych dyskusji. Jest ściśle związana z klasyfikacją nauk. Trzeba jednak odróżnić klasyfikację nauk wedle kryteriów metodologicznych (np. Augusta Comte’a) oraz klasyfikację dyscyplin wypływającą z tradycji i – co jest obecnie coraz ważniejsze – potrzeb organizacji prac badawczych. W konsekwencji zarówno w dyskusjach o interdyscyplinarności, jak i w samej praktyce badawczej przeplatają się dwa wątki, mianowicie metodologiczny, związany z kwestiami filozofii nauki, oraz bardziej praktyczny, zwracający uwagę na konkretne problemy tyczące się prowadzonych badań. Ten pierwszy często prowadzi do kwestii integracji i unifikacji wiedzy, a drugi może być wolny od takich zagadnień. Trzeba też pamiętać o tym, że interdyscyplinarność inaczej wygląda w naukach przyrodniczych, a inaczej na gruncie nauk humanistyczno-społecznych.
Zagadnienie interdyscyplinarności w perspektywie polityki naukowej w Polsce
Authors: Duch Włodziaław
Published: October 2021

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Polska nauka w 20-leciu międzywojennym./„Dostojeństwo uniwersytetu” w 100-lecie Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego
Authors: Żegleń Urszula M.
Published: October 2021

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Tempus volat. AJIHLE manet Estudios dedicados al XX aniversario de la Asociación de Jóvenes Investigadores en Historiografía e Historia de la Lengua española.
Authors: Fernández González Margarita , Gallardo Richards Emma , Gomila Albal Marina , Méndez Orense María , Ribas Marí Patricia , Romera Manzanares Ana María , Ruiz Sánchez Inmaculada , Silva López Natalia
Published: October 2021

Los trabajos recogidos en este volumen conmemorativo de los veinte años de existencia de la AJIHLE giran en torno a las dos disciplinas en las se fundamenta esta asociación, las cuales han contribuido al impulso de jóvenes investigadores: la historiografía y la historia de la lengua española. En las páginas que siguen se han abordado, tomando como base la documentación histórica (textos notariales, glosarios, obras literarias, fragmentos bíblicos), áreas tan diversas como la fonética, la morfosintaxis y la lexicografía. Asimismo, se ha analizado la influencia que obras consagradas en el ámbito de la historia del español ha tenido en las corrientes de investigación posteriores y se ha hecho balance de la trascendencia del recorrido ya consolidado de la AJIHLE en ámbitos de estudio que abarcan la edición de documentación notarial, la investigación historiográfica y la edición de textos.
Who’s Cheating? Mining Patterns of Collusion from Text and Events in Online Exams
Authors: Cleophas Catherine , Hönnige Christoph , Meisel Frank , Meyer Philipp
Published: October 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic motivated a shift to virtual teaching, exams have increasingly moved online too. Detecting cheating through collusion is not easy when tech-savvy students take online exams at home and on their own devices. Such online at-home exams may tempt students to collude and share materials and answers. However, online exams’ digital output also enables computer-aided detection of collusion patterns. This paper presents two simple data-driven techniques to analyze exam event logs and essay-form answers. Based on examples from exams in social sciences, we show that such analyses can reveal patterns of student collusion. We suggest using these patterns to quantify the degree of collusion. Finally, we summarize a set of lessons learned about designing and analyzing online exams.
How Does Deleveraging Affect Funding Market Liquidity?
Authors: Qiu Buhui , Tian Gary Gang , Zeng Haijian
Published: October 2021

How does deleveraging affect the market liquidity of high-embedded-leverage securities issued by financial institutions and the funding constraints of these institutions? We use the forced deleveraging of structured mutual funds during the 2015 Chinese stock market crash to study the effects of deleveraging. Our regression-discontinuity analysis shows that deleveraging significantly reduces the market liquidity of the deleveraging funds’ equity units. Moreover, our difference-in-differences analysis shows that deleveraging results in large decreases in subsequent fund flows, stock and cash holdings, and performance, with the impact channeled through the deterioration of the market liquidity of the fund’s equity units.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.
The Role of Participation in Innovation Contests
Authors: Stouras Konstantinos I. , Hutchison-Krupat Jeremy , Chao Raul O.
Published: October 2021

Many firms use external contests to obtain solutions to their innovation challenges. A central managerial concern is how to screen the population for only the most capable people when the capability of the population is not known. If the manager sets the bar too high, then the contest could fail, leaving the firm to suffer the consequences. Alternatively, if the bar is set too low, then too many people enter, which leads to increased competition, a lack of effort, and diminished performance, again leaving the firm to suffer the consequences. We study a situation in which the number of solvers in a population is known but the ability of each individual is not. At best, the firm can deduce the probability that any number of solvers would enter and the probability that any solver who enters would possess a specific ability. We derive the optimal contest design to maximize the performance of the best submission while accounting for the possibility that the contest receives an insufficient number of entries, resulting in an unproductive contest. Our results provide an alternative rationale for why many contests offer multiple awards: firms want to avoid an unproductive contest and the negative consequences associated with it. We also consider alternative levers available to the firm when facing uncertain participation. These include the establishment of performance thresholds and the decision to expand the potential solver population.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Computing Large Market Equilibria Using Abstractions
Authors: Kroer Christian , Peysakhovich Alexander , Sodomka Eric , Stier-Moses Nicolas E.
Published: October 2021

Computing market equilibria is an important practical problem for market design, for example, in fair division of items. However, computing equilibria requires large amounts of information, often the valuation of every buyer for every item, and computing power.

In “Computing Large Market Equilibria Using Abstractions,” the authors study abstraction methods for ameliorating these issues. The basic abstraction idea is as follows. First, construct a coarsened abstraction of a given market, then solve for the equilibrium in the abstraction, and finally, lift the prices and allocations back to the original market. The authors show theoretical guarantees on the solution quality obtained via this approach. Then, two abstraction methods of interest for practitioners are introduced: (1) filling in unknown valuations using techniques from matrix completion and (2) reducing the problem size by aggregating groups of buyers/items into smaller numbers of representative buyers/items and solving for equilibrium in this coarsened market.
Robust Stochastic Models for Profit-Maximizing Hub Location Problems
Authors: Taherkhani Gita , Alumur Sibel A. , Hosseini Mojtaba
Published: October 2021

This paper introduces robust stochastic models for profit -maximizing capacitated hub location problems in which two different types of uncertainty, including stochastic demand and uncertain revenue, are simultaneously incorporated into the problem. First, a two-stage stochastic program is presented in which demand and revenue are jointly stochastic. Next, robust stochastic models are developed to better model uncertainty in the revenue while keeping the demand stochastic. Two particular cases are studied based on the dependency between demand and revenue. In the first case, a robust stochastic model with a min-max regret objective is developed assuming a finite set of scenarios that describes uncertainty associated with the revenue under a revenue-elastic demand setting. For the case when demand and revenue are independent, robust stochastic models with a max-min criterion and a min-max regret objective are formulated considering both interval uncertainty and discrete scenarios, respectively. It is proved that the robust stochastic version with max-min criterion can be viewed as a special case of the min-max regret stochastic model. Exact algorithms based on Benders decomposition coupled with a sample average approximation scheme are proposed. Exploiting the repetitive nature of sample average approximation, generic acceleration methodologies are developed to enhance the performance of the algorithms enabling them to solve large-scale intractable instances. Extensive computational experiments are performed to consider the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and also to analyze the effects of uncertainty under different settings. The qualities of the solutions obtained from different modeling approaches are compared under various parameter settings. Computational results justify the need to solve robust stochastic models to embed uncertainty in decision making to design resilient hub networks.
Does class participation predict academic achievement? A mixed-method study
Authors: Akpur Uğur
Published: October 2021

The present study’s aim is to identify whether class participation is a significant predictor of English language achievement among university students and their views concerning class participation and academic achievement. A sequential mixed method design was applied and a total of 2013 university students (813 female 40.3%; 1200 male, 59.7%) participated in the quantitative portion of the study. Course Participation Grade (CPG) criteria and English Proficiency Exam (EPE) held at the end of the academic year by the institution were used as data collection tools. The qualitative data were analysed through content analysis of a focus group interview with a group of seven participants. The findings suggested that the relationship between academic achievement and CPG was positive and significant. Correspondingly, the qualitative data revealed similar results with the quantitative data by showing that the class participation has powerful impact on academic achievement.
PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI, KEPEMIMPINAN, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP LOYALITAS PEGAWAI
Authors: Astuti Prihartini Budi , Prayoga Singgih Septiyan
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of organization climate, leadership, and salary to employee loyalty in Disdukcapil Kebumen Regency Organization. This study was conducted in quantitative method by using all members of population (42 employees) as the respondents. The collected data then being analyzed by using SPSS to test the multiple linier regression, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination. The result showed that the regression model of the study has fulfilled all of the classical assumption tests. The t test result showed that there are positive and significant partial correlations between organization climate, leadership, and salary to employee loyalty in Disdukcapil Kebumen Regency Organization.
Development of a porcine hard-to-heal wound model: evaluation of a bromelain-based enzymatic debriding agent
Authors: Shoham Yaron , Sabbag Itai , Singer Adam J
Published: October 2021

Aims:

We describe the development of a novel porcine eschar model and compare the debridement efficacy of various concentrations of a novel bromelain-based enzymatic agent with collagenase.

Methods:

Full thickness excisional wounds were created on pigs and injected intradermally with various doses of doxorubicin. Wounds were monitored for a period of 46 days for the development of eschar and wound closure. After determining the optimal concentration and dose of doxorubicin resulting in non-healing eschars, these conditions were used to create additional wounds on another set of animals. The resulting eschars were treated with various concentrations of a novel bromelain-based enzymatic agent (EscharEx-02) or collagenase. The primary endpoint was greater than 95% removal of the central eschar.

Results:

Consistent eschars composed of two distinct areas (a central area of exudate and slough representing the hard-to-heal wound bed, and a peripheral area of full-thickness mummified necrosis) were seen after injection of doxorubicin (0.5 ml/cm2 of stock solution 0.75mg/ml) at one and six days after wound creation. Complete removal of the central eschar was achieved in all wounds after five and eight treatments with 5% and 2% EscharEx-02 respectively. Complete removal of the central eschar with collagenase was achieved in 0% and 82% of the wounds after 10 and 16 treatments respectively.

Conclusions:

We describe a porcine model for creating eschars similar to hard-to-heal wounds in humans. A novel bromelain-based enzymatic debridement agent was more effective than a commercially available collagenase in removing eschars in this wound model.
First molecular report of causative agent of otomycosis due to Aspergillus luchuensis
Authors: Sarvestani Hasti Kamali , Ghazvini Roshanak Daie , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Rezaie Sassan , Mahmoudi Shahram , Shoar Mohsen Gerami , Elahi Miad , Izadi Alireza , Getso Muhammad Ibrahim , Rafat Zahra , Tajdini Ardavan , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi
Published: October 2021

Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal caused mainly by the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus luchuensis, an industrially important fungus, is a member of Aspergillus section Nigri. In this report, we present a case of otomycosis due to Aspergillus luchuensis in a 43-year-old female patient. We performed a partial PCR-sequencing of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes to identify the isolate to the species level. Further, we determined the in vitro susceptibility of the isolate to nystatin, clotrimazole and itraconazole according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 protocol. Accordingly, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clotrimazole, nystatin and itraconazole were 0.25μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL and 1μg/mL, respectively. This is the first report of clinically relevant isolation of Aspergillus luchuensis identified by a molecular technique as a causative agent of otomycosis.
Broadband achromatic metalens for linearly polarized light from 450 to 800  nm
Authors: Liu Mian , Cao Jianjun , Xu Nianxi , Wang Ben-Xin
Published: October 2021

Metalens is a planar optical component that uses nanostructures with a thickness on the
order of the wavelength to manipulate the wavefront of the incident
light. A key problem, especially in color imaging and display
applications, is the correction of chromatic aberration, which is an
inherent effect caused by the dispersion of periodic lattices and
resonance modes. However, the current achromatic metalenses either use
the PB phase method that is only valid for circularly polarized light
or nanostructures with complex cross sections that are difficult to
manufacture. Here, we designed a broadband achromatic metalens for
linearly polarized light from 450 to 800 nm. Rectangular titanium
dioxide nanofins of various lengths and widths were applied to
modulate the phase and dispersion of the incident light. The metalens
can fulfill three target phases simultaneously by using an
optimization method. The designed metalens has a stable focus from 450
to 800 nm with an average focusing efficiency of 64%. It can be
potentially applied in microscopes, lithography machines, sensors, and
displays.
Comprehensive investigations on the tandem pumping scheme employing the pump fiber laser operating at an extremely short wavelength
Authors: Wu Hanshuo , Li Ruixian , Xiao Hu , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: October 2021

In this work, with the aim of improving the nonlinearity threshold in tandem-pumped fiber amplifiers for higher output power, theoretical and experimental work was carried out to enhance the pump absorption and thereby decrease the required length of ytterbium-doped fiber by employing shorter-wavelength fiber lasers as the pump sources. Systematical simulations were first carried out to optimize the cavity parameters of a short-wavelength fiber oscillator at 1007 nm, and subsequently, the performance of the 1007 nm fiber laser in tandem pumping was simulated and compared with that of the 1018 nm fiber laser pumped results. Considerable absorption increment and efficiency improvement could be realized in the 1007 nm fiber laser pumped fiber amplifier relative to the 1018 nm fiber laser pumped one. Furthermore, according to the simulation results, a fiber laser operating at 1007.7 nm with the output power of ∼170 W and a slope efficiency of ∼72.90% was experimentally demonstrated. By applying this fiber laser in tandem pumping a 1080 nm fiber amplifier with different gain fiber lengths, improved performance was acquired in comparison with the 1018.6 nm tandem pumping scheme, the experimental results of which were coherent with the simulation results. This work could provide an effective approach for improving the nonlinearity threshold of tandem-pumped fiber amplifiers and paving the way for higher output power.
Low dose rate γ-ray detection using a MAPS camera under a neutron radiation environment
Authors: Xu Shoulong , Zhao Fang , Zou Yang , Sun Meilan , Zou Shuliang , Han Yongchao , Huang Youjun , Yu Xiuwu , Gong Dawei , Qu Yantao , Liu Houdong , Yang Huaiqing
Published: October 2021

We present γ-ray radiation detection in a neutron radiation environment using a monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) camera without conversion or shielding layers. The measured output signal is the sum of the pedestal value, noise, and real radiation response signal. The sensor response shows that the MAPS camera is sensitive to neutrons and can capture a single photon. The number of pixels with a signal exceeding 100 exhibits a strong dependence on the dose rate and is the best indicator of this value. Therefore, a MAPS camera can be efficiently used as a radiation detection sensor in a robotic system, further limiting human errors in performing radiation detection in complex nuclear radiation environments.
Detecting the Great Pacific Garbage Patch floating plastic litter using WorldView-3 satellite imagery
Authors: Park Young-Je , Garaba Shungudzemwoyo P. , Sainte-Rose Bruno
Published: October 2021

We present a direct and proxy-based approach to qualitatively and semi-quantitatively observe floating plastic litter in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) based on a survey in 2018 using very high geo-spatial resolution 8-waveband WorldView-3 imagery. A proxy for the plastics was defined as a waveband difference for anomalies in the top-of-the-atmosphere spectra. The anomalies were computed by subtracting spatially varying reflectance of the surrounding ocean water as background from the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Spectral shapes and magnitude were also evaluated using a reference target of known plastics, The Ocean Cleanup System 001 Wilson. Presence of ‘suspected plastics’ was confirmed by the similarity in derived anomalies and spectral shapes with respect to the known plastics in the image as well as direct observations in the true color composites. The proposed proxy-based approach is a step towards future mapping techniques of suspected floating plastics with potential operational monitoring applications from the Sentinel-2 that recently started regular imaging over the GPGP that will be supported or validated by numerical solutions and net trawling survey.
Mutual circular polarization conversions in asymmetric transmission and reflection modes by three-layer metasurface with gold split-rings
Authors: Shen Zhe , He Quan
Published: October 2021

Plasmonic metasurfaces can be used to replace traditional polarization devices for various integrated optical devices because of their novel polarization control ability on a subwavelength scale. In particular, the asymmetric transmission of circularly polarized light by anisotropic metasurface has attracted much attention recently. Here, a simple and effective circular polarization converter composed of three layers of rotated gold split-rings and a Si3N4 substrate is proposed, which is appropriate for both transmission and reflection modes. For transmission mode, it can convert left- and right- handed circularly polarized light into orthogonally polarized light in two adjacent bands with conversion efficiencies of 65% and 75%, respectively. For the reflection mode, the mutual conversion efficiencies can be up to 58% and 64%, respectively. Meanwhile, the structure has moderate asymmetric transmission and reflection efficiencies. The operating band of the metasurface can be adjusted continuously and linearly by changing the refractive index of the substrate. The dual-band asymmetric effects may contribute to information encoding and decoding for communication applications. As an ultra-thin planar optical element, the proposed metasurface can be used in integrated photonics, optical sensing, and other fields.
Wideband metasurface absorber (metabsorber) using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Song Zicheng , Zhu Jiaqi , Yang Lei , Min Pingping , Lin Feng Han
Published: October 2021

Designing an ultra-wideband metasurface absorber is challenging because of its lossy characteristic that hinders the understanding of its resonance behavior. In this study, a framework was formulated to extend the application of the theory of characteristic modes to the analysis and design of metabsorbers. The metabsorber and its lossless counterpart exhibited similar modal behaviors, hence revealing the absorption mechanism of metabsorber. By introducing absorption modes, a dual-band metabsorber was converted into an ultra-wideband metabsorber. This proposed metabsorber with a thickness of 1.99 times the Rozanov’s limit could measure a bandwidth of 5.51–36.56 GHz (or 6 octaves) with 90% absorptance.
Detecting momentum weak value: Shack–Hartmann versus a weak measurement wavefront sensor
Authors: Zheng Yi , Yang Mu , Liu Zheng-Hao , Xu Jin-Shi , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: October 2021

The task of wavefront sensing is to measure the phase of the optical field. Here, we demonstrate that the widely used Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor detects the weak value of transverse momentum, usually achieved by the method of quantum weak measurement. We extend its input states to partially coherent states and compare it with the weak measurement wavefront sensor, which has a higher spatial resolution but a smaller dynamic range. Since weak values are commonly used in investigating fundamental quantum physics and quantum metrology, our work would find essential applications in these fields.
Thulium-doped tellurium oxide microring lasers integrated on a low-loss silicon nitride platform
Authors: Miarabbas Kiani Khadijeh , Frankis Henry C. , Mateman Richard , Leinse Arne , Knights Andrew P. , Bradley Jonathan D. B.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate compact, monolithically integrated thulium-doped tellurium oxide microring lasers on a low-loss silicon nitride platform. We observe lasing in the wavelength range of 1815–1895 nm under 1610 nm resonant pumping at varying waveguide-microring gap sizes and on-chip single-sided output powers up to 4.5 mW. The microlasers exhibit thresholds as low as 18 mW (11 mW) and a single-sided slope efficiency as high as 11% (17%) with respect to the pump power coupled into the TeO2:Tm3+-coated Si3N4 bus waveguide (absorbed pump power). These results are a promising development for integrated tellurite glass devices and light sources for the emerging 2-µm band in silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits.
Study on the characteristic mechanisms of infrasonic precursors during the damage process of impending earthquake sources
Authors: Wang Wei , Xue Xiaorong , Chen Weisheng , Xue Xiaoyan
Published: October 2021

Infrasonic signals measured before an earthquake carry information about the size and development speed of the source fracture, the stress at the fracture site and the elastic properties of the geologic medium. The infrasonic signal has a stable time scale, and compared with other precursors, infrasound has a unique sensitivity to earthquake disasters. However, to date, there has been no relevant theoretical research on the mechanism of infrasonic anomalies, and information on the development of fracture sources cannot be obtained from these characteristics, which makes the application of this anomaly in earthquake prediction challenging. In this study, we obtained the characteristics of short-term and impending infrasonic anomalies based on the infrasound data of more than 100 strong earthquakes. With a range of elastic medium models with a large number of fractures, we completed the theoretical simulation of the formation process of infrasonic precursors during the formation of the main fractures, analyzed the physical evolution of acoustic signals when cracks are generated, and quantitatively described the stages of large fracture formation caused by the initiation and propagation of seismic cracks. Specifically, this study revealed the causes of various and complex forms of infrasonic precursors near the critical point and the causes of the time- and space-dependent characteristics of these precursors, such as a noticeable attenuation of the pulse number, a low frequency and a large amplitude, which verified the effectiveness of infrasonic anomalies as strong earthquake precursors.
Adolescents in a tuberculosis hospital: Qualitative study of how relationships with doctors, caregivers, and peers mediate their mental wellbeing
Authors: Zvonareva Olga , Witte Saskia , Kabanets Nadezhda , Filinyuk Olga
Published: October 2021

Lengthy hospitalization can impact adolescents’ mental wellbeing in a number of negative ways. Scholarship has indicated that a young patient’s relationships play an important role in reducing the amount of stress felt and in improving emotional state. In this article we turn to the experiences of adolescents with tuberculosis [TB] in Russia to explore how exactly hospitalization together with the TB diagnosis itself impact their mental wellbeing and how relationships with others mediate these impacts. We conducted a qualitative, interview-based study in Tomsk pediatric TB clinic. Interviews were conducted with three groups relevant for reaching the aim of this research: adolescent patients, their adult caregivers, and their treating physicians [17 informants in total]. Interview data were complemented with prolonged observations in the same clinic. The results of our study highlight that threats to mental wellbeing of adolescents with TB are multiple. Adolescents who are about to enter the in-patient treatment feel apprehensive and anxious about their future. They tend to have a hard time accepting their diagnosis, which they often feel is something shameful, and, consequently, may develop a negative attitude towards themselves. Most importantly, many undergo painful loss of personal relationships and expect or actually experience rejection by peers because of having tuberculosis. However, relationships with physicians, caregivers, and other patients in the clinic mediate negative impacts of TB diagnosis and hospitalization on adolescents’ mental wellbeing and can open ways for providing support. Supportive practices include physicians leaving it up to adolescents to decide what they want to discuss and when, caregivers remaining available for contact and keeping regular communication, and other adolescents with TB proactively seeking contact with the newcomers and behaving in a non-judgmental way. These results can inform design of adolescent-friendly TB services.
COVID-19-related outcomes in immunocompromised patients: A nationwide study in Korea
Authors: Baek Moon Seong , Lee Min-Taek , Kim Won-Young , Choi Jae Chol , Jung Sun-Young
Published: October 2021

Background

Given the rapid increased in confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related mortality, it is important to identify vulnerable patients. Immunocompromised status is considered a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. We aimed to determine whether immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 have an increased risk of mortality.

Method

The groups’ baseline characteristics were balanced using a propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting approach. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the risks of in-hospital mortality and other outcomes according to immunocompromised status using a multivariable logistic regression model. We identified immunocompromised status based on a diagnosis of malignancy or HIV/AIDS, having undergone organ transplantation within 3 years, prescriptions for corticosteroids or oral immunosuppressants for ≥30 days, and at least one prescription for non-oral immunosuppressants during the last year.

Results

The 6,435 COVID-19 patients (≥18 years) included 871 immunocompromised (13.5%) and 5,564 non-immunocompromised (86.5%). Immunocompromised COVID-19 patients were older (60.1±16.4 years vs. 47.1±18.7 years, absolute standardized mean difference: 0.738). The immunocompromised group had more comorbidities, a higher Charlson comorbidity index, and a higher in-hospital mortality rate (9.6% vs. 2.3%; p < .001). The immunocompromised group still had a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate after inverse probability of treatment weighting (6.4% vs. 2.0%, p < .001). Multivariable analysis adjusted for baseline imbalances revealed that immunocompromised status was independently associated with a higher risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.68, p < .001).

Conclusions

Immunocompromised status among COVID-19 patients was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality.
The relative effects of self-reported noise and odour annoyance on psychological distress: Different effects across sociodemographic groups?
Authors: Berkers Eline , Pop Ioana , Cloïn Mariëlle , Eugster Antje , van Oers Hans
Published: October 2021

In earlier research, both higher levels of noise and odour annoyance have been associated with decreased mental health. Presumably, these perceptions can trigger feelings of threat and stress reactions and in turn evoke psychological distress. There are two important lacunas in the research on this topic: most studies only consider either noise or odour annoyance and not their relative effect on psychological distress and there is scarce evidence about whether different sociodemographic groups experience more psychological distress due to noise and odour annoyance. Starting from the diversity in the available coping resources and in their daily life patterns, we distinguish gender, age and educational level as relevant sociodemographic variables. Using data from the Health Monitor (n = 25236) in Noord-Brabant, we found using Ordinary Least Squares Regression that individuals that reported higher levels of noise and odour annoyance reported higher levels of psychological distress. Furthermore, the effect of noise annoyance was relatively stronger compared to that of odour annoyance. Regarding the interaction effects, we found that younger adults’ psychological distress was more strongly affected by noise annoyance compared to older adults, but not by odour annoyance. The psychological distress of individuals with no or primary education was more strongly affected by both noise and odour annoyance compared those with tertiary education, but not when compared to those who completed lower or higher secondary education. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find different effects between men and women. Though the evidence for the interactions was mixed, classic health inequalities along age and education lines are reinforced when considering the relationship between noise and odour annoyance and psychological distress.
The effect of risk framing on support for restrictive government policy regarding the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Chmel Kirill , Klimova Aigul , Savin Nikita
Published: October 2021

This confirmatory research investigates the influence of risk framing of COVID-19 on support for restrictive government policy based on two web survey experiments in Russia. Using 2x2 factorial design, we estimated two main effects–factors of risk severity (low vs. high) and object at risk (individual losses vs. losses to others). First, focusing on higher risks had a positive effect on support for the government’s restrictive policy. Second, focusing on the losses for others did not produce stronger support for the restrictive policy compared to focusing on personal losses. However, we found a positive moderation effect of such prosocial values as universalism and benevolence. We found that those with prosocial values had a stronger positive effect in the “losses for others” condition and were more willing to support government restrictive policy when others were included. The effects found in our experimental study reveal both positive and negative aspects in risk communication during the pandemic, which may have a great and long-term impact on trust, attitudes, and behavior.
Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease among University Students in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Supiyaphun Chantaka , Jongkhajornpong Passara , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Lekhanont Kaevalin
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its associated risk factors among Thai university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using an electronic survey was conducted in two Rajabhat universities in Bangkok, Thailand. The woman’s health study questionnaire was used to determine students with DED. The prevalence of DED along with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to identify the associated risk factors.

Results

A total of 4,111 university students joined and completed the survey questionnaires. Mean age was 18.8 ± 1.1 years with female predominance (2874 students, 69.91%). Clinically diagnosed DED was reported in 136 students (3.31%), while severe symptoms of eye dryness and irritation were reported in 227 students (5.52%). The prevalence of DED among Thai university students was 8.15% (95% CI 7.33% to 9.02%). History of contact lens use and high screen time (> 8 hours per day) were reported in 868 students (21.11%) and 2101 students (51.11%), respectively. Male gender, contact lens use and high screen time were significantly associated with higher risk of DED with the adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.39 (1.09, 1.77), 2.49 (1.96, 3.17), and 1.43 (1.14, 1.80), respectively.

Conclusions

DED is not rare among Thai university students. Contact lens use and high screen time are two significant modifiable risk factors of DED in our students. These findings can raise awareness of DED in youth population and provide valuable information for public health promotion in university students.
Cattle management in an Iron Age/Roman settlement in the Netherlands: Archaeozoological and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Groot Maaike , Albarella Umberto , Eger Jana , Evans Jane
Published: October 2021

Cattle were the predominant domestic animal in the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands, yet their management is still incompletely understood. Some aspects of cattle management, such as birth season and the provision of fodder, have received little or no attention so far. This paper is the first to investigate these aspects for the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands, through a case study of the site of Houten-Castellum. The rural settlement of Houten-Castellum was inhabited from the Middle Iron Age to the Middle Roman period, allowing a comparison between the Iron Age and Roman period. Excavations at this site have yielded a large, well-preserved animal bone assemblage. This paper investigates cattle husbandry by using an integrated approach, combining a multi-isotope analysis (oxygen, carbon and strontium) with archaeozoological and archaeobotanical results from Houten-Castellum and comparing the results with archaeobotanical evidence for fodder and evidence for dairy use for the Iron Age and Roman Netherlands in general. While our data set is small and results must therefore be interpreted cautiously, there is convincing evidence for an extended birth season in the Middle Iron Age, as well as the use of fodder.
Effect of a hospital-wide campaign on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare workers in the context of raised concerns for life-threatening side effects
Authors: Kim Min Hyung , Son Nak-Hoon , Park Yoon Soo , Lee Ju Hyun , Kim Da Ae , Kim Yong Chan
Published: October 2021

Background

All healthcare workers (HCWs) in Yongin Severance Hospital were allocated to receive the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine according to national policy. A report of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) associated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 led to hesitancy about receiving the second dose among HCWs who had received the first dose.

Methods

From 7 to 14 May, 2021, we performed a survey to identify the factors associated with hesitancy about receiving the second vaccine dose among HCWs at the hospital who had received the first dose of the vaccine. Based on survey results, a hospital-wide campaign was implemented on 18 May 2021 to improve vaccine coverage. HCWs who completed the second dose completed a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the effect of the campaign.

Findings

Of 1,171 HCWs who had received the first dose of the vaccine, 71.5% completed the online survey, of whom 3.7% refused to take the second dose and 22.3% showed hesitancy. Hesitancy to receive a second dose was significantly associated with age under 30 years and concerns about TTS, and was less common among those who trusted effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. Among HCWs who received the first dose, 96.2% completed vaccination with the second dose between 27 May and 4 June, 2021. Of those who answered the questionnaire asked about the timing of their decision to receive the second dose, 57.1% reported that they were motivated by the hospital-wide campaign.

Conclusion

A tailored intervention strategy based on a survey can improve COVID-19 vaccination uptake among HCWs.
Construir Europa, construir España. ‘Iniciativa Madariaga’: Múnich, junio 1962
Authors: Grandío Seoane Emilio
Published: October 2021

Este artículo intenta relatar el azaroso proceso hacia la reunión de Múnich, en donde se intentaba visualizar la unidad de acción de la oposición al franquismo. La democracia: el objetivo. Europa: la solución. Madariaga fue la persona clave. Pero la correspondencia localizada entre el triángulo conformado por el gallego, Llopis y Gil Robles, nos desvela sus dificultades. Observaremos la reacción de la Dictadura a los efectos de esta reunión, que consideraron un ataque contra uno de sus objetivos más preciados: la entrada en el mercado europeo. La gestión del franquismo se concretó en la combinación de fuerte presión diplomática exterior y una reacción posterior dura contra sus asistentes, así como cambios en el Gabinete Ministerial para cuidar su futuro en Europa. Para Madariaga representaba la culminación de un proyecto largamente acariciado, pero también el principio de un nuevo camino hacia la democracia con la participación del propio régimen.
La pena capital en Valencia (1450-1500): cifras, espacios urbanos y ritualidades funerarias de la Cofradía de Inocentes y Desamparados
Authors: Catalá Sanz Jorge Antonio , Pérez García Pablo
Published: October 2021

Mediante una combinación de fuentes documentales de origen y procedencia diversa, se han computado fehacientemente 737 ejecuciones en Valencia entre los años 1450 y 1500. El artículo analiza este aspecto de la realidad social, judicial y política de la Valencia del Renacimiento a la luz de los recientes planteamientos historiográficos sobre la materia. Se destaca el impacto del Santo Oficio (a partir de 1482) dentro del contexto penal de la ciudad, se analiza el papel restaurador y reconciliador de la Cofradía de Inocentes y Desamparados, y se aborda la contribución de esta singular hermandad a la re-significación de los espacios urbanos y periurbanos.
Arrecadação fiscal no Rio de Janeiro: a configuração do contrato da dízima da Alfândega (século XVIII)
Authors: Fernandes Valter Lenine , Trindade Sá Helena De Cassia
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar como se deu a arrecadação da dízima da Alfândega do Rio de Janeiro, no século XVIII, diante de uma conjuntura em que este imposto sobre a circulação de mercadorias converteu-se na principal fonte de sustento da administração colonial. A partir da documentação disponível no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino e no Instituto Histórico Geográfico Brasileiro do Rio de Janeiro, buscar-se-á analisar as formas utilizadas pela Coroa para o mais efetivo recolhimento do tributo, que se deu por meio dos contratadores particulares que o arrematavam no Conselho Ultramarino ou pela administração direta da própria Fazenda Real.
Evaluación de habilidades informacionales en estudiantes universitarios de la República Dominicana
Authors: De los Santos Lorenzo Mayeily
Published: October 2021

La Alfabetización Informacional juega un papel importante dentro del desafío que presenta la sociedad del conocimiento, por tal motivo se hace necesario formar sujetos que sean capaces de interactuar con la información en diferentes formatos; para lograr esto se necesitan proyectos de investigación que permitan dar respuestas a las necesidades actuales a través de evaluaciones que permitan conocer la situación real de las estudiantes . Esta investigación muestra los resultados de un estudio sobre el nivel de habilidades observadas en el manejo de la información de los estudiantes de educación del Instituto de Formación docente Salomé Ureña (ISFODOSU) en la República Dominica; del cual se extrajo una muestra de 347 sujetos a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario de 10 ítems sobre competencias Informacionales Observadas (CIO). Como resultados se pudo notar que los estudiantes son más competentes buscando y comunicando la información, mientras que en la dimensión de evaluación y procesamiento las medias resultaron inferiores, ya que estas implican un trabajo cognitivo complejo para los sujetos. Esta investigación contribuirá a la creación de programas dirigidos a fortalecer las necesidades evidentes de información que poseen los estudiantes, principalmente en las dimensiones donde la problemática es mayor, pudiendo ser extensivo no solo a los estudiantes de educación, sino, a otros  de distintas áreas, obteniendo un alcance mayor de la población estudiantil.
O desenvolvimento do significado da relação partetodo dentro dos números racionais positivos, tendo como referência a teoria dos Campos Conceituais
Authors: Petreche Harris Sampaio Ana Carolina , Gurgel Marrey Andrea
Published: October 2021

Este paper é fruto da investigação das autoras sobre o conhecimento dos números racionais na forma fracionária pelos alunos de 5o ano, no contexto da relação partetodo. É resultado da participação na disciplina “O ensino e aprendizagem dos números racionais” do curso de pósgraduação de Didática da Matemática, no Instituto Vera Cruz. Realizamos uma pesquisa-ação com os alunos do 5o ano da Escola Vera Cruz, no segundo semestre do ano de 2019. Partimos do material do governo de Buenos Aires, “Matemática, fracciones y números decimales 5to grado: apuntes para la enseñanza”, dirigido por Cecilia Parra, e traduzimos as propostas “Las fraciones em los repartos” e “Más repartos”, refletindo sobre a prática, analisando as diferentes estratégias e os recursos que os alunos usavam para solucionar os problemas propostos e como seus erros fazem o professor compreender a forma como estão construindo o pensamento, facilitando o planejamento do caminho a ser trilhado no ensino.
Processos de subjetivação e psicanálise: uma criança com dificuldade de aprendizagem
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Luciana , Oliveira Souza Deia Magda , Maciel Maria Regina
Published: October 2021

O artigo aborda os processos de subjetivação infantil e como a psicanálise lida com isso em um contexto particular, o dos problemas do aprendizado. Tem por objetivo tecer reflexões a partir de uma criança que é descrita como sofrendo de dislexia. A metodologia empregada no artigo foi o estudo teórico e a interpretação psicanalítica do que se passou nas sessões de um atendimento breve. Nesse caso clínico, havia forte aderência entre a criança e a sua família, dificultando assim seus processos de aprendizagem e singularização. Observamos que a psicoterapia funcionou como mobilizadora dos significantes que representam a criança como ser de desejo, afastando-se um diagnóstico psicopatológico. A dimensão do cuidado no campo da clínica e no espaço escolar ganhou destaque. A aproximação entre esses dois campos, apontando para o resgate do potencial criativo dos sujeitos, conclui o texto.
Fotografando a escola: o Ensino Fundamental aos olhos de crianças do 1º ano
Authors: Ciardella Thais Monteiro , Galian Claudia Valentina
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa de Mestrado (em andamento) da qual seorigina este texto está preocupada em discutir o currículo vivenciado pelas crianças brasileiras no Ensino Fundamental, em um contexto no qual a escola acolhe, pelo menos, cinco anos de sua infância. Neste artigo, trabalhamos com dados advindos da análise de fotografias tiradas por duas crianças que cursam o 1º ano, bem como do que elas contam sobre a escola que frequentam. Cotejando documentos curriculares e elementos oriundos de pesquisa bibliográfica mais ampla sobre as definições legais sobre esse nível de ensino, e seu impacto no trabalho da escola, explicitam-se algumas pistas sobre o lugar da infância na vida escolar.
A escola de educação infantil da UFRJ: um olhar para as práticas democráticas
Authors: Bento Patricia Kerschr , Miceli Paulina de Almeida Martins
Published: October 2021

Este artigo traz a discussão sobre práticas democráticas na Escola de Educação Infantil da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (EEI-UFRJ). Acreditamos que nesse espaço são dadas muitas oportunidades às crianças de se verem como sujeitos políticos, capazes de exercerem sua cidadania, possibilitando a elas o reconhecimento do seu lugar ativo na sociedade. O texto refere-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa, ainda em andamento, que tem como metodologia a observação participante proposta por Minayo (2010), reconhecendo a importância do docente, bem como de toda a comunidade escolar, nesse processo de reconhecimento da criança nas decisões da escola. Para este estudo também buscamos aporte teórico em Ligia Aquino (2013), por suas pesquisas voltadas para Unidades de Educação Infantil Universitárias, Peter Moss (2005), por seu estudo sobre práticas políticas democráticas nas escolas de Educação Infantil, e Manuel Sarmento e Maria Cristina Gouvêa (1998), que tratam da cultura da infância.
O tempo e as infâncias
Authors: Baptista Amanda da Motta
Published: October 2021

Presente em nossas vidas, o tempo é uma produção social que assume diferentes compreensões ao longo dos séculos, das sociedades e das experiências que as pessoas estabelecem com ele. Vivemos em uma aceleração da vivência temporal que teve, e ainda tem, contribuição das revoluções políticas, tecnológicas, industriais e econômicas, constituindo um estilo de vida moderno fundamentado na urgência e na eficiência, e influenciando ritmos biológicos e sociais. Dentro disso, onde está a criança? Este texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre o tempo das infâncias, principalmente dos grandes e médios centros urbanos, e como a escola de Educação Infantil acolhe e trabalha com esse tempo. Trata-se de um convite à reflexão e contribuição para uma educação mais humana e respeitosa com todas as infâncias.