bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitamin AD Drops are More Effective than Intramuscular Injection of Thymosin in Reducing the Rate of Growth Retardation in Children
Authors: Luo Min , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of vitamin AD drops on growth retardation in children. Methods. From February 2020 to February 2021, 100 children with constipation and recurrent respiratory infections treated in our hospital were assigned to a vitamin AD drops group and intramuscular thymosin group, with 50 cases in each group. Outcome measures included mean height, body mass index (BMI), frequency of respiratory infections, increase in height and BMI, growth retardation, clinical effectiveness, immune function, medication compliance, and adverse responses. Results. The vitamin AD drops group showed higher mean height (t = 5.958,

P
<
0.05

), greater body mass (t = 3.997,

P
<
0.05

), and less frequency of respiratory infections than the intramuscular thymosin group (t = 26.564,

P
<
0.05

). The vitamin AD drops group resulted in a lower ratio of height increase of >1 cm and a higher ratio of >2 cm as compared with the intramuscular thymosin group (χ2 = 8.167,

P
<
0.05

). The vitamin AD drops group showed a lower ratio of weight gain of 0 and > 1 kg and a higher ratio of >2 kg versus the intramuscular thymosin group (χ2 = 4.058,

P
<
0.05

). Vitamin AD drops resulted in a significantly lower growth retardation rate than intramuscular thymosin administration (χ2 = 5.530,

P
<
0.05

). The vitamin AD drops group yielded markedly higher treatment efficiency in contrast to the intramuscular thymosin group (Z = 2.111,

P
<
0.05

). The levels of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD4/CD8, IgA, IgG, and IgM in the two groups of patients after medication were higher than those before medication (

P
<
0.05

), with higher levels in the vitamin AD drops group compared with the intramuscular thymosin group (

P
<
0.05

). The vitamin AD drops group showed remarkably higher medication compliance in patients versus the intramuscular thymosin group (Z = 2.239,

P
<
0.05

). The vitamin AD drops group experienced a significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions (χ2 = 4.396,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Vitamin AD drops are more effective than the intramuscular injection of thymosin in reducing the incidence of growth retardation in children.
Design of English Translation Mobile Information System Based on Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Gao Yue
Published: August 2022

To solve the problem of translating lines of difference in length into English, this article presents a model of neural network recovery (RNN) English translator-based models of end-to-end encoder-decoder. This method promotes machine autonomous learning of features and transforms corpus data into word vectors by constructing end-to-end. By mapping the source language and target language directly through the recurrent neural network and selecting semantic error to construct objective function during training, the influence of each part in semantic can be well balanced, and the alignment information is fully considered, which provides powerful guidance for deep recurrent neural network training. The results of the neural network test define the standard BLEU score by 1.51–11.86. Our test scores and BLEU scores at all levels show that data in equivalence play an important role in modeling. Summary. the English translation model based on the neural repetitive fusion is efficient and stable.
[Retracted] The Ecological Consciousness of Natural Writing in British and American Romantic Literature
Authors: Jin Yanrui
Published: August 2022

The ecological crisis made the British and American ecological literature develop rapidly in the 20th century ecological thought. As a unique literary style that expresses the relationship between nature and man, British and American ecological literature has a far‐reaching romantic tradition, and returning to nature is its eternal theme and dream. The study of the romantic tradition of British and American ecological literature has important implications for the development of ecological literature and ecological criticism. British and American romantic writers wrote their own ecological consciousness from three aspects: natural aesthetic and spiritual significance, simple ecological environmental protection consciousness, and life community. They reveal the true meaning of beauty in nature, interpret the beauty of harmony in harmony with nature, advocate returning to nature and the beautiful nature of human beings, and open up a natural path leading to truth, goodness, and beauty for people to pursue their spiritual home. In addition, they also expressed their deep concern for natural resources and the natural environment and called on people to respect life and protect and rationally use natural resources. It highlights that people are not the real masters of the nature, but as an inseparable member of the nature, they form an equal community of destiny with other creatures in the world. The value of British and American romantic literature lies in revealing the deep relationship and mutual influence between human beings and nature and prompting people to comprehend the importance of protecting the ecological environment and living in harmony with nature.
[Retracted] Income Gap Equalization Based on PSO Algorithm in Edge Computing Environment
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Liu Lin
Published: August 2022

In order to explore the current income gap, a method based on the PSO algorithm in the edge computing environment is proposed. PSO calculates and simulates bird flock foraging activities, the Frank Heppner biological group model, and the three rules in bird activities. After studying the activities of these natural creatures, abstract problems are quantified and similar models established. The Gini coefficient is calculated by using grouped data, and the grouping basis is also innovative. The quantile grouping method is adopted, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentration index and the Gini coefficient, and the Gini coefficients of each year can be added up to finally get the Gini coefficient of the stock income. Experimental results show that the Gini coefficient of traffic income in 2017 and 2018 had dropped significantly, but the variation of the Gini coefficient of stock income (Delta CG) was still greater than 0. Obviously, the adjustment speed of the Gini coefficient of stock income was lagging behind, as was the Gini coefficient of traffic income. We found that after 1986, the facilitation effect was greater than the dilution effect, and the facilitation effect continued to push up the stock income gap, which indicated more income flow to the high‐income group, with the income flow gap showing an upward trend and the upward trend becoming more and more obvious. It has been proved that the PSO algorithm can effectively identify the income gap in the edge computing environment, and the corresponding policy suggestions are given.
Unusual Presentation of Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Ebrahim Farah Alnoor , Moturi George , Mongare Newnex , Shah Reena
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 pneumonia in children presents with very mild symptoms through an entity of multisystem inflammatory syndrome and can result in a life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition, with involvement of at least four organ systems and a marked inflammatory state. We present an 18-year-old high school student who presented with a sore throat, macular rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fevers, and joint pains. He presented with acute kidney injury and confusion with multiple tests and was eventually diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Tunnel Security Management Based on Association Rule Mining under Hadoop Platform
Authors: Wang Qun , Xue Ting
Published: August 2022

The problem of how to use large amounts of historical data for tunnel safety management has a greater practical application value. The association rule method in data mining technology can provide effective decision support for tunnel safety prevention by mining historical data. To address the problem of large data volume and sparse data items in tunnel safety management, an association rule method—Apriori algorithm—based on the Hadoop platform is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of data mining in cloud environment. First, the parallel MapReduce implementation steps are analyzed on the basis of the distributed Hadoop framework. Then, the existing single-user data validation algorithm is improved by applying a multiuser parallel validation algorithm to Apriori in order to reduce the number of validations. Next, the traditional association rule Apriori algorithm is MapReduce optimized to generate a smaller set of useless candidate items. At the same time, Boolean ranking is used to optimize the way transactional data are stored in the database, reducing the number of redundant subsets and the number of times the database is connected, and shortening the task processing time. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to mine the relationships between tunnel safety hazards and provide effective decision support for tunnel safety prevention. At the same time, the proposed method more efficiently operates than other association rule methods.
[Retracted] Deep Learning Mechanism for Predicting the Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer
Authors: Ashokkumar N. , Meera S. , Anandan P. , Murthy Mantripragada Yaswanth Bhanu , Kalaivani K. S. , Alahmadi Tahani Awad , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Raghavan S. S. , Jayadhas S. Arockia
Published: August 2022

The second largest cause of mortality worldwide is breast cancer, and it mostly occurs in women. Early diagnosis has improved further treatments and reduced the level of mortality. A unique deep learning algorithm is presented for predicting breast cancer in its early stages. This method utilizes numerous layers to retrieve significantly greater amounts of information from the source inputs. It could perform automatic quantitative evaluation of complicated image properties in the medical field and give greater precision and reliability during the diagnosis. The dataset of axillary lymph nodes from the breast cancer patients was collected from Erasmus Medical Center. A total of 1050 images were studied from the 850 patients during the years 2018 to 2021. For the independent test, data samples were collected for 100 images from 95 patients at national cancer institute. The existence of axillary lymph nodes was confirmed by pathologic examination. The feed forward, radial basis function, and Kohonen self‐organizing are the artificial neural networks (ANNs) which are used to train 84% of the Erasmus Medical Center dataset and test the remaining 16% of the independent dataset. The proposed model performance was determined in terms of accuracy (Ac), sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sf), and the outcome of the receiver operating curve (Roc), which was compared to the other four radiologists’ mechanism. The result of the study shows that the proposed mechanism achieves 95% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 98% accuracy, which is higher than the radiologists’ models (90% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 94% accuracy). Deep learning algorithms could accurately predict the clinical negativity of axillary lymph node metastases by utilizing images of initial breast cancer patients. This method provides an earlier diagnostic technique for axillary lymph node metastases in patients with medically negative changes in axillary lymph nodes.
Investigation on Pressure Relief and Roadway Protection Technology by Subsection Hydraulic Fracturing under Strong Mining Pressure in Fully Mechanized Mining
Authors: Liu Yingjie
Published: August 2022

In this study, we analyzed the deformation and stress changes of an auxiliary transport gateway in Buertai coal mine 42106, which is a fully mechanized coal face. We used the directional long drilling hydraulic fracturing technology to weaken the mine hard roof clearance and investigated the overall pressure characteristics of the working face, mining, and two consecutive roadway surrounding rock deformations. The analysis showed that the segmented hydraulic fracturing technology of directional long drilling decreased the pressure in the area affected by the fracturing drilling on the working face after fracturing. The peak pressure decreased by approximately 10.4%, average resistance of the stent was reduced by 2.6%, average resistance of the support decreased by 6.8% under pressure, and dynamic load coefficient decreased by 4%. Furthermore, the roadway deformation decreased, and the coal face was restrained. The stress monitoring value of the surrounding rock was weakened, demonstrating the effectiveness of the fracturing weakening effect.
Quality Evaluation of Student Education Management Work Based on Wireless Network Data Mining
Authors: Chen Yingchun
Published: August 2022

Higher education has a major role to play in social progress, technology, and economic development. However, as the number of students enrolled in higher education increases, the quality of graduates is declining and their ability to work is being questioned. Therefore, it is very important to effectively evaluate the quality of teaching and learning. With this in mind, an evaluation approach using data mining based on wireless networks is proposed in this paper. In the educational work of universities, data mining helps to assist universities to improve management efficiency and teaching effectiveness in managing students by mining and analyzing large-scale educational data. In order to improve their teaching management, this paper uses the Apriori method among correlation rule mining methods. The algorithm is improved in terms of time efficiency, and then the improved algorithm is used to mine and analyze the impact of teachers’ age, title, educational background, and student performance on teaching quality evaluation. The results of the exploration showed that, through the mining algorithm, it was found that the student’s evaluation was proportional to the student’s performance. For example, the average grade was excellent, and most evaluation grades were excellent. Its support level was 26% and its confidence level was 62.5%, indicating that more than half of the students met its characteristics. It also showed that the results were real, and the quality of teachers’ teaching could be known through the results of students.
Off-Ramp Vehicle Mandatory Lane-Changing Duration in Small Spacing Section of Tunnel-Interchange Section Based on Survival Analysis
Authors: Shang Ting , Lian Guan , Zhao Yingci , Liu Xingliang , Wang Weijun
Published: August 2022

Due to topography, geology, and other factors, small spacing sections are common between tunnels and interchange exits. There is mandatory lane-changing behavior for vehicles that need to leave the main line and drive inside the road before leaving the tunnel. Affected by the “white hole” of a tunnel, the lane-changing behavior of off-ramp vehicles differs significantly from that of original roadbed sections. To study the mandatory lane-changing duration (MLCD) of off-ramp vehicles in small spacing sections of the tunnel to interchange in mountainous areas, their time and trajectory data were collected based on a driving simulator. According to the characteristics of the data, the survival analysis method was used to analyze the influence on the MLCD of off-ramp vehicles of the spacing section between the tunnel and interchange, vehicle types, tunnel types, ramp types, highway service level, and whether to set exit advance guide signs in the tunnel and the Cox proportional hazards model of the MLCD was established. The results showed that the spacing of the tunnel interchange, the road service level, and whether to set exit advance guide signs in the tunnel had significant effects on the MLCD of vehicles, while the vehicle, the tunnel, and the ramp types did not. When the spacing section of the tunnel interchange was less than 500 m, the off-ramp vehicle had continuous mandatory lane-changing behavior, and when the distance decreased from 400 m to 300 m, the risk rate of lane changing increased by 5.68 times. Survival function curve estimation provided the 75% quantile of MLCD of off-ramp vehicles under different conditions, which could provide a theoretical reference for setting the minimum distance between a tunnel and interchange exit.
Smart Manufacturing through Machine Learning: A Review, Perspective, and Future Directions to the Machining Industry
Authors: Rajesh A. S. , Prabhuswamy M. S. , Krishnasamy Srinivasan
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, to reach progressive growth although being competitive in the market, the manufacturing industries are using advanced technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, 3D printer, nanotechnology, cryogenics, robotics, and automation in smart manufacturing sectors. One such subclass of artificial intelligence is machine learning, which uses a computer system for making predictions and performing definite tasks without any use of specific instructions to enhance the quality of the product, and rate of production, and to optimize the processes and parameters in machining operations. A broad category of manufacturing that is technology-driven utilizes internet-connected machines to monitor the performances of manufacturing processes referring as smart manufacturing. The current paper presents a comprehensive survey and summary of different machine learning algorithms which are being employed in various traditional and nontraditional machining processes, and also, an outlook of the manufacturing paradigm is presented. Subsequently, future directions in the machining industry were proposed based on trends and challenges that are accompanying machine learning.
Application of Clinical Case Teaching Mode in Gynecological Nursing Teaching
Authors: Mei Yining
Published: August 2022

Background. Looking at the existing literature, it can be found that the clinical case teaching method is widely used in most majors, but it is rarely used in the field of gynecological nursing teaching. Seriously restrict the progress of gynecological nursing teaching in practice. Objective. To explore the application and effect of clinical case teaching mode in gynecological nursing teaching. Methods. Two classes of gynecological nursing courses in midwifery majors in 2019 were selected as the research objects. The experimental group was taught by the clinical case teaching mode, while the control group was taught by the traditional teaching mode. Results. The students in the experimental group were better than those in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (

P
<
0.05

); the students in the experimental group were better than the control group in the evaluation of classroom effects, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The application of clinical case teaching mode in gynecological nursing teaching is beneficial to the improvement of students’ performance, to stimulate students’ interest in learning, and to improve their self-learning ability, clinical thinking, analysis and problem solving, teamwork, and communication skills. The clinical case teaching mode has played an active role in gynecological nursing teaching, which is well received by students and is worthy of promotion.
Was bringt die ICD-11 im Bereich der trauma- und belastungsbezogenen Diagnosen?
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Eberle David J.
Published: August 2022

Im internationalen Raum ersetzte am 01.01.2022 das von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO herausgegebene ICD-11-Diagnosesystem das bisherige ICD-10. Als eine der vielen Neuerungen wurde eine Kategorie für trauma- und belastungsbezogenen Diagnosen eingeführt, welche die klassische und komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung, die anhaltende Trauerstörung sowie die Anpassungsstörung beinhaltet. Zusätzlich wurden die reaktive Bindungsstörung und die Bindungsstörung mit sozialer Enthemmung als Dia­gnosen des Kindesalters in diese Störungsgruppe aufgenommen. Im Vergleich zum ICD-10 konnte die klinische Nützlichkeit und Anwendbarkeit der neuen ICD-11-Dia­gnosen erhöht werden, indem bestehende Störungen auf der Symptomebene vereinfacht oder neue Störungen eingeführt wurden. Erste Studien zeigen aber auch Unterschiede in der Häufigkeit der Diagnosevergabe im Vergleich zu ICD-10 und DSM-5, was durch verbleibende Unschärfen von Dia­gnosesystemen und den theoretischen Neuerungen er­klärt werden kann. Die Einführung der ICD-11 bringt insge­samt eine Reihe von Impulsen mit sich und erleichtert die Arbeit von Fachpersonen in der klinischen Praxis und Forschung.
Prevalence of Self-Medication in Portuguese Adolescents
Authors: Almeida Inês , Rocha Clara , Balteiro Jorge
Published: August 2022

Self-medication is considered one of the health-risk behaviours found among adolescents. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of self-medication for Portuguese adolescents. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample comprised 420 adolescents, of whom 343 (81.7%; 95% CI: 77.8–85.2) had already self-medicated and 277 (66.0%; 95% CI: 61.4–70.5) self-medicated in the last 6 months. The main health problems that motivated self-medication were headache (76.7%), flu (70.6%), sore throat (56%), and fever (54.5%). Paracetamol was the most consumed drug (86.9%) followed by ibuprofen (83.1%). The pharmacy (87.8%) was the preferred place to purchase drugs; however, 221 adolescents (64.4%) reported that they self-medicated with the medicines they had at home. Of the adolescents who resorted to self-medication, only 59.6% sought additional information about the drug and 53.9% referred to the package leaflet of the medicinal product as the main source of clarification. A significant portion of the respondents (84.3%) believed that self-medication might be acceptable to treat minor illnesses. It was observed that self-medication is a very common practice among adolescents, making it an extremely important issue to carry out more studies on this section of the Portuguese population due to the scarcity of existing ones. These data can be used to define strategies for the dissemination of the rational use of the drug in the adolescent population.
Eating Animal Products, a Common Cause of Human Diseases
Authors: Saier Jr. Milton H. , Baird Stephen M. , Reddy B. Lakshmi , Kopkowski Peter W.
Published: August 2022

The human population is plagued by hundreds of infectious agents that cause diseases, and many of these agents can infect a range of wild and domesticated animals as well. In fact, a large proportion of current pathological conditions in humans is caused by our close association with nonhuman animals, some of which we keep as pets, but most of which we raise, prepare as food sources, and ingest. It is well established that most of these diseases are caused by a variety of infectious agents, the most important being bacteria, viruses, prions, and protozoans. In this article, we shall consider these agents and discuss their transmission from various animals and animal products to humans. It is noted that virtually none of these agents are obtained by eating plant-derived products unless the plants are grown and prepared with contaminated water. Consequently, we suggest that Homo sapiens could avoid a significant fraction of the diseases that plague us by shifting to a more vegetarian diet.
Investigation of the Association between High Arachidonic Acid Synthesis and Colorectal Polyp Incidence within a Generally Healthy UK Population: A Mendelian Randomization Approach
Authors: Moon Rachel , Moore J. Bernadette , Hull Mark A. , Zulyniak Michael A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), a major public health concern. However, it is uncertain if ARA contributes to the development of colorectal polyps which are pre-malignant precursors of CRC. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the association between lifelong exposure to elevated ARA and colorectal polyp incidence. Methods: Summary-level GWAS data from European, Singaporean, and Chinese cohorts (n = 10,171) identified 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with blood ARA levels (p < 5 × 10−8). After pruning, 1 SNP was retained (rs174547; p = 3.0 × 10−971) for 2-stage Mendelian randomization. Results: No association between ARA and colorectal polyp incidence was observed (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00; p value = 0.50) within the UK Biobank (1,391 cases; 462,933 total). Conclusions: Blood levels of ARA do not associate with colorectal polyp incidence in a general healthy population. Although not providing direct evidence, this work supports the contention that downstream lipid mediators, such as PGE2 rather than ARA itself, are key for polyp formation during early-stage colorectal carcinogenesis.
Interaction of ARRDC4 With GLUT1 Mediates Metabolic Stress in the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Nakayama Yoshinobu , Mukai Nobuhiro , Kreitzer Geri , Patwari Parth , Yoshioka Jun
Published: August 2022

Background:

An ancient family of arrestin-fold proteins, termed alpha-arrestins, may have conserved roles in regulating nutrient transporter trafficking and cellular metabolism as adaptor proteins. One alpha-arrestin, TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein), is known to regulate myocardial glucose uptake. However, the in vivo role of the related alpha-arrestin, ARRDC4 (arrestin domain-containing protein 4), is unknown.

Methods:

We first tested whether interaction with GLUTs (glucose transporters) is a conserved function of the mammalian alpha-arrestins. To define the in vivo function of ARRDC4, we generated and characterized a novel
Arrdc4
knockout (KO) mouse model. We then analyzed the molecular interaction between arrestin domains and the basal GLUT1.

Results:

ARRDC4 binds to GLUT1, induces its endocytosis, and blocks cellular glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Despite the closely shared protein structure, ARRDC4 and its homologue TXNIP operate by distinct molecular pathways. Unlike TXNIP, ARRDC4 does not increase oxidative stress. Instead, ARRDC4 uniquely mediates cardiomyocyte death through its effects on glucose deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. At baseline,
Arrdc4
-KO mice have mild fasting hypoglycemia.
Arrdc4
-KO hearts exhibit a robust increase in myocardial glucose uptake and glycogen storage. Accordingly, deletion of
Arrdc4
improves energy homeostasis during ischemia and protects cardiomyocytes against myocardial infarction. Furthermore, structure-function analyses of the interaction of ARRDC4 with GLUT1 using both scanning mutagenesis and deep-learning
Artificial Intelligence
identify specific residues in the C-terminal arrestin-fold domain as the interaction interface that regulates GLUT1 function, revealing a new molecular target for potential therapeutic intervention against myocardial ischemia.

Conclusions:

These results uncover a new mechanism of ischemic injury in which ARRDC4 drives glucose deprivation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to cardiomyocyte death. Our findings establish ARRDC4 as a new scaffold protein for GLUT1 that regulates cardiac metabolism in response to ischemia and provide insight into the therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease.
European Divergent Approaches to Protection Claims Based on the Eritrean Military/National Service Programme
Authors: Palacios-Arapiles Sara
Published: August 2022

Drawing on data from the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland, this article shows that during the process of interpreting the refugee definition and applying it to the context of the Military/National Service Programme (MNSP), the definition is subject to various interpretations and applications. As a result, the treatment of similarly situated Eritrean asylum applications differs from one country to another. The article illustrates that asylum courts from the selected jurisdictions sideline relevant factors that classify the MNSP as slavery by failing to engage normatively with the international law definition of slavery. The findings suggest that a defective incorporation of international legal instruments in the assessment of protection claims based on slavery contributes to conflicting interpretations and applications of the refugee definition and can unduly de-legitimise Eritrean applications for refugee status as ‘unwanted migrants’.
I. Howard Marshall
Authors: White Aaron W.
Published: August 2022

In 1970, I. H. Marshall published Luke: Historian and Theologian. The influence Marshall had by the publication of Luke: Historian and Theologian has been seen in the various effects the book had on redaction-criticism in the field of New Testament studies, and how Luke, the writer of Luke-Acts, has since been appreciated as both a theologian and an historian, not one or the other, as it was before Marshall’s work. In 2021 at the 73rd national meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society and after a one-year postponement following the global pandemic, the Luke-Acts steering committee celebrated the 50th year of the publication of Marshall’s book with a section specifically dedicated to aspects of the book and its legacy.
Notes on the typification of nine names in Dalbergia L.f. (Dalbergieae, Papilionoideae, Fabaceae) in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , LI MENG , ZHANG ZHIYONG
Published: August 2022

Nomenclatural types for nine names belonging to the genus Dalbergia are designated here. The following names are lectotypified: D. boniana Gagnep., D. cana Graham ex Kurz, D. cavaleriei H.Lév., D. kerrii Craib, D. mimosoides Franch., D. parviflora Roxb., D. rimosa Roxb., D. stenophylla Prain, and D. thorelii Gagnep.
Morphological and phylogenetic characteristics of Phaeomycocentrospora xinjangensis (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), a new species from China
Authors: REN YU-LIAN , ZHANG ZHI-YUAN , CHEN WAN-HAO , LIANG JIANG-DONG , HAN YAN-FENG , LIANG ZONG-QI
Published: August 2022

The genus Phaeomycocentrospora (Dothidotthiaceae) is a fungal pathogen causing plant leaf spots. A new species, Phaeomycocentrospora xinjangensis sp. nov. is introduced from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated ITS, LSU, and ACT sequence dataset were used to confirm the phylogenetic position of the new species. Phaeomycocentrospora xinjangensis can easily be distinguished from the remaining species based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological characters. Morphologically, P. xinjangensis differs from other species in the genus by the presence of dark hyphae, dark brown conidiophores, few branched conidiogenous cells. Phylogenetically, our three strains were clustered together and formed a separate subclade with high support values. Moreover, we provided a description, illustrations, and phylogenetic tree for the new species.
Four new species and additional records of the genus Stenus of southern Africa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Steninae)
Authors: JANÁK JIŘÍ
Published: August 2022

Four species of the genus Stenus Latreille, 1797: S. hippoamicus Janák, sp. nov., S. rugosellus Janák, sp. nov., S. spiniferoides Janák, sp. nov. and S. volkerputhzianus Janák, sp. nov. of South Africa are described, illustrated and distinguished from related species. Additional records of the genus Stenus Latreille, 1797 of southern Africa are presented.
From synonym to valid species: Redescriptions of Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) and A. cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887, and brief descriptions of A. baltica Eliason, 1955 and A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 (Annelida: Terebellida: Ampharetidae)
Authors: KRÜGER LOTTE , DIETRICH ANNA , BASTROP RALF , BICK ANDREAS
Published: August 2022

This paper aims mainly to provide clarity on the morphological characters of the type species of Ampharete, Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860). Its common occurrence and wide distribution are most likely a result of misidentification of different species. Possible reasons for that are the brief original description of this species that is available solely in Latin and a series of questionable synonymizations, resulting in a confusing history of A. acutifrons. In addition to a detailed redescription of the holotype of A. acutifrons, we describe an Ampharete species from the Baltic Sea that has also been incorrectly identified as A. acutifrons for many decades. The individuals of this species agree in all diagnostic characters with those of the Northwest Atlantic species Ampharete cirrata Webster & Benedict, 1887. Since no differences were found, but it is clearly distinct from A. acutifrons, A. cirrata is recognised as a valid species and consequently deleted from the synonym list of A. acutifrons. We additionally examined type material of A. grubei Malmgren, 1865 and those of A. grubei baltica Eliason, 1955, now accepted as A. baltica. According to this, both species are valid, and A. grubei must therefore also be deleted from the list of synonyms of A. acutifrons. Information on five molecular markers (Histone H3, COI, 16S, 18S, 28S) is provided for A. cirrata from the Baltic Sea. DNA sequences (H3, 16S, 28S) were identical to sequences of a specimen found in Iceland that was incorrectly determined as A. acutifrons, supporting the assumption of an amphiatlantic distribution of A. cirrata. By comparing obtained sequences to available sequences in GenBank and BOLD, we found evidence that at least four species were previously misidentified as A. acutifrons. The historical course of the taxonomy of A. acutifrons demonstrates the importance of carefully studying type material and type locality material, respectively. We believe that most previous records and synonyms of A. acutifrons have been identified incorrectly and should be re-evaluated. Additionally, an updated key to all species of Ampharete from the North Atlantic is provided.
Synopsis of the distribution of the rare tiger beetle Opisthencentrus dentipennis (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: ROZA ANDRÉ SILVA
Published: August 2022

Opisthencentrus W. Horn, 1893 is a rare monotypic genus of Cicindelidae. The only species, Opisthencentrus dentipennis (Germar, 1843), was recently revised, based only on seven historical specimens, besides a recent published record. The objective of this paper is to provide an updated synopsis of the distribution of Opisthencentrus through the examination of recently collected material. Specimens were examined from several important Brazilian collections to understand the genus distributional range. An updated distribution and distributional map for O. dentipennis is presented based on the examination of 12 specimens, 7 recently collected. The species occurs in a relatively large area of the Atlantic Rainforest, covering from the Serra dos Órgãos, in Rio de Janeiro State, to the Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba, in Santo André, São Paulo State. It can also endure an altitudinal amplitude of 1100m from the lowest to the highest record. The rather large distribution of the species contrasts with its scarcity in collections, raising questions about the best sampling method for it, the species life cycle duration, or the species populations, which may be reduced due to deforestation or sensitivity to a particular factor.
Thermophoretic Movement Transport of Reactive Casson Nanofluid on Riga Plate Surface with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Uneven Heat Sink/Source
Authors: Shamshuddin MD. , Mebarek-Oudina F. , Salawu S. O. , Shafiq A.
Published: August 2022

The flow of magnetized Casson nanofluid past a Riga surface is examined in this study. The model scrutinizes the impacts of nonlinear radiative, uneven heat sink/source, thermophoretic movement and chemical reaction. Additionally, model is considered water based nanofluid with nanoparticles CuO (Copper Oxide) and MgO (Magnesium Oxide). The flow mechanics transport through Riga plate is developed using coupled system of higher order equations have been mutated into ordinary order from partial order utilizing established similarity transform. These nonlinear equations are calculated by the usage of through the Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM) along with Simpson’s one-third rule and procured results are visualized graphically. Verifications of attained numerical outcomes through available literature for limiting case are also presented and found in excellent agreement. Further, the results of engineering physical parameters were also highlighted. More so, the analysis show that an increment in the Casson term causes rise in the temperature profile for CuO and MgO nanofluid and also dominant behavior is noted in case of CuO nanofluid comparing with MgO nanofluid. Furthermore, higher values of volume fraction parameter rises the both velocity profilesf′ (η),g′ (η) for both MgO and CuO nanofluid cases.
Analysis of Magneto-Thermo-Bioconvection of Nanofluid Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms Through Porous Media
Authors: Sanjalee  , Sharma Rajesh
Published: August 2022

The present work aims to study the combined effect of external magnetic field and heating from below on the bioconvection of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms. Modified Maxwell’s equations and generalized Buongiorno’s model are used to frame the flow constitutive
equations of nanofluid saturated in the Darcy-Brinkman porous medium. The present investigation has been done in the framework of linear stability. The resulting eigenvalue problem along with boundary conditions has been solved using Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobato Spectral Method. Appropriate transformations
are used to convert Neumann boundary conditions into Dirichlet’s one. The influence of various pertinent parameters on the critical thermal Rayleigh number has been shown through graphs and tables. It has been observed that magnetic field stablizes the system whereas fast moving microorganisms
hasten the onset of convection.
Internal Wave and Turbulence Observations with Very High-Resolution Temperature Sensors along the Cabauw Mast
Authors: van Haren Hans , Bosveld Fred C.
Published: August 2022

Knowledge about the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer is vital for the understanding of redistribution of air and suspended contents that are particularly driven by turbulent motions. Despite many modeling studies, detailed observations are still demanded of the development of turbulent exchange under stable and unstable conditions. In this paper, we present an attempt to observationally describe atmospheric internal waves and their associated turbulent eddies in detail, under varying stable conditions. Therefore, we mounted 198 high-resolution temperature (T) sensors with 1-m spacing on a 200-m-long cable. The instrumented cable was attached along the 213-m-tall meteorological mast of Cabauw, Netherlands, during late summer 2017. The mast has standard meteorological equipment at extendable booms at six levels in height. A sonic anemometer is at 60 m above ground. The T sensors have a time constant in air of τa ≈ 3 s and an apparent drift about 0.1°C month−1. Also due to radiation effects, short-term measurement instability is 0.05°C h−1 during nighttime and 0.5°C h−1 during daytime. These T-sensor characteristics hamper quantitative atmospheric turbulence research, due to a relatively narrow inertial subrange of maximum one order of magnitude. Nevertheless, height–time images from two contrasting nights show internal waves up to the buoyancy period of about 300 s, and shear and convective deformation of the stratification over the entire 197-m range of observations, supported by nocturnal marginally stable stratification. Moderate winds lead to 20-m-tall convection across weaker stratification, weak winds to episodic <10-m-tall shear instability across larger stratification.
Postoperative Complications Following Pharyngolaryngectomy With Total Esophagectomy: Comparison Between Cervical and Anterior Mediastinal Tracheostomy
Authors: Kanie Yasukazu , Okamura Akihiko , Kanamori Jun , Imamura Yu , Kamiyama Ryosuke , Seto Akira , Shimbashi Wataru , Sasaki Toru , Fukushima Hirofumi , Mitani Hiroki , Watanabe Masayuki
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Pharyngolaryngectomy with total esophagectomy (PLTE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cervical tracheostomy (CT) is the first choice of tracheostomy, whereas anterior mediastinal tracheostomy (AMT) is sometimes required due to tumor extension or insufficient blood supply to the tracheal tip. However, the differences in the outcomes between CT and AMT after PLTE remain unclear.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients who underwent PLTE and compared the clinical features and postoperative complications between patients with CT and AMT. The characteristics and the outcomes were compared between the groups stratified by the causes of AMT.

Results:

Of the 67 patients, 42 (62.7%) patients underwent PLTE with CT (CT group), whereas 25 (37.3%) underwent PLTE with AMT (AMT group). The AMT group included more cervicothoracic esophageal cancers and had showed an advanced T stage compared to the CT group ( P < .01 and .01, respectively). The incidences of pneumonia and surgical site infection (SSI) were more frequent in the AMT group than in the CT group ( P = .03 and .01, respectively). Surgery-related mortality was only observed in the AMT group. In the AMT group, 17 (68.0%) and 8 (32.0%) patients underwent AMT because of tumor extension and insufficient supply to the tracheal tip. The latter cases underwent transthoracic esophagectomy more frequently than former cases ( P = .03).

Conclusion:

AMT after PLTE had more postoperative complications and mortality than CT. In cases that may need AMT, a transhiatal approach is preferable over transthoracic esophagectomy to avoid fatal complications when oncologically permissive.
Clinical Tests Predicting On-Road Performance in Older Drivers with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Krasniuk Sarah , Crizzle Alexander M. , Toxopeus Ryan , Mychael Diane , Prince Natasha
Published: August 2022

Background. The Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B) and Useful Field of View® (UFOV) can predict on-road outcomes in drivers with cognitive impairment (CI); however, studies have not included drivers referred for comprehensive driving evaluations (CDEs), who typically have more severe CI. Purpose. We determined the predictive ability of Trails B and UFOV on pass/fail on-road outcomes in drivers with CI (Montreal Cognitive Assessment <26) referred for CDEs. Method. Retrospective data collection from two driving assessments centers ( N  =  100, mean age  =  76.2  ±  8.8 years). Findings. The Trails B (area under the curve [AUC]  =  .70) and UFOV subtests 2 (AUC  =  .73) and 3 (AUC  =  .76) predicted pass/fail outcomes. A cut-point ≥467 ms on UFOV subtest 3 better-predicted pass/fail outcomes with 78.9% sensitivity and 73.5% specificity. In comparison, a cut-point ≥3.58 min on Trails B had lower sensitivity (73.7%) and specificity (61.8%). Implications. The UFOV subtest 3 may be more useful than the Trails B for predicting pass/fail outcomes in drivers with more severe CI referred for CDEs.
Bounded Democratization: How Military-Party Relations Shape Military-Led Democratization
Authors: Self Darin Sanders
Published: August 2022

A key dilemma facing a military which considers democratization is whether it is confident that civilians will protect its interests. A military’s confidence is a function of three factors: preference alignment with parties (trust), an expectation that allied parties will survive the transition (party institutionalization), and an expectation that allied parties can win power to protect it (party strength). When parties which the military trusts are institutionalized and strong, the military is confident that democratization will not endanger its interests. When these factors are absent, the military seeks to generate credible commitments through bounded democratization—a strategy of setting parameters on open contestation and popular sovereignty to constrain civilians. I test this argument using an original dataset on 525 regime transitions and a novel measure of bounded democratization. I find that when the institutionalization and strength of trusted parties decrease, the military proactively sets constraints on the developing political system.
Mirabegron Associated Angioedema: A Case Report
Authors: Zuchowski Matthew T. , Yuksel Jaylan M. , Novi John
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To review a case of angioedema associated with mirabegron. Summary: A 77-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with swelling of the left anterior side of the tongue beginning 90 minutes prior to arrival. She noticed tingling on her tongue while eating a hamburger, chips, and ice cream. The patient had no history of medication-related allergies. Home medications include acetaminophen, aspirin, biotin, black cohosh, Co-enzyme Q-10, cranberry, fish oil, multivitamin, alendronate, and mirabegron all taken orally. The patient reports being on mirabegron for 3 to 4 years but recently decided to self-taper off the medication. Her initial laboratory test results were unremarkable. The patient was diagnosed with left tongue angioedema, and she received methylprednisolone, epinephrine, famotidine, and 2 units of plasma. After medication administration, the patient underwent a flexible nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy resulting in no significant angioedema in the pharynx and hypopharynx with a small area of possible edema noted on the right base of tongue/lingual tonsil. Patient’s symptoms improved with medication treatment and discontinuation of mirabegron. The use of Naranjo et al. adverse-event probability scale revealed that mirabegron was the possible (score of 4) cause of the patient’s left tongue angioedema. Conclusion: A 77-year-old woman developed drug induced tongue angioedema associated with mirabegron after being compliant on this medication for 3 to 4 years. Patient was self-tapering her dose of mirabegron. This patient responded well to medication treatment and discontinuation of drug. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of mirabegron induced angioedema.
Adaptive sliding mode robust control of manipulator driven by tendon-sheath based on HJI theory
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , Wang Wanqi , Xu Zhigang , Shang Dongyang , Yin Meng
Published: August 2022

The load side and the motor connected by flexible joints in the manipulators’ joint servo system. During the motion of manipulators driven by tendon-sheath, the status change of the end-effector will result in the change of the load side rotational inertia. The perturbation of the inertia of the load side will result in the modeling mismatch of the servo system. So the modeling uncertainty and the system robustness will decrease. An adaptive sliding mode robust control based on HJI (Hamilton-Jacobi-Issacs) theory is proposed in this paper to improve the robustness of the system. Firstly, according to D-H coordinate method, kinematics and dynamics models of the manipulator are established. Then, the basic strategy of adaptive sliding mode robust control is proposed. The variation of control parameters of a single joint of the manipulator is adjusted to reduce the control cost. Next, the sliding mode control law was established through the design of the Lyapunov function based on the HJI theory. The manipulator dynamics model was taken as the research object. The simulation analysis was conducted in uncertain parameters. Finally, a series of manipulator prototype experiments were carried out to proof our control theory. The experiment results show that our method can better solve the model uncertainty caused by the servo system. The adaptive sliding mode robust control strategy based on HJI theory has lower dependence on accurately modeling and stronger robustness.