bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of He‐Xe Discharge Kinetics in an AC PDP Cell
Authors: Jeong Heui Seob , Seo Jeong Hyun , Yoon Cha Keun , Kim Joong Kyun , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2005

We measured the time variation of 147nm VUV Xe*(3P1) resonance emission as well as the continuum from the He‐Xe discharge in a single surface discharge type AC PDP cell using an image intensified CCD camera. A detailed measurement of the resonance radiation exhibits a strong pressure broadening, fast rising to its peak and decay with multiple time constant. The decay time constants, relative intensities of resonance and dimer radiation change with the total gas pressure as well as the Xe content which implies that the collisional excitation, deexcitation and interlevel transition play important role in determining the VUV emission characteristics. We solved the He‐Xe discharge reaction equations together with the 2‐dimensional multi‐fluid equations for electron and ions to explain the experimental results and elucidate the dominant kinetic pathways which lead to the VUV emission in the AC PDP cells.
26.3: A Novel Method for the Formation of Polymer Walls in Liquid Crystal/Polymer Displays
Authors: Kim Yoan , Francl Jim , Taheri Bahman , West John L.
Published: January 2005

We have investigated the formation of polymer walls using a patterned electric field for rugged liquid crystal (LC) displays. The patterned electric field induces patterned phase separation. The LC molecules segregate in the high electric field regions, i.e. pixels, whereas the monomers segregate in the low field regions, i.e. inter‐pixels. Subsequent photo‐polymerization forms polymer walls between the pixels. We discuss the features of polymer walls formed by using this novel method.
Motion Dithering for Increasing Perceived Image Quality for Low‐Resolution Displays
Authors: Beck D. R.
Published: January 2005

A technique for increasing the apparent image quality of a displayed image is developed. The technique is hereby referred to as Motion Dithering and extends the traditional approaches of dithering, anti‐aliasing, and down‐sampling of high resolution images by associating motion with the original still or animated image. This additional degree of freedom will allow display devices to more accurately represent the original high resolution image. This technique will prove increasingly beneficial in display systems with low resolution or low number of intensity levels.
28.2: Analysis Of Electron‐Gun Focus Tracking Using Emittance Techniques
Authors: New David A.
Published: January 2005

Emittance techniques are extended and applied to the problem of focus‐tracking — the variation of focus voltage with beam current. The resulting tool isolates and quantifies contributions to tracking, provides guidance on beneficial modifications in the triode and lens regions, and enables gun engineers to achieve designs with improved overall performance.
28.3: Projection CRT Electron Gun with High‐Resistive‐Layer Focus Lens
Authors: Murai R. , Aoki M. , Ohtani M. , Yamashita K. , Hiratani T. , Konda M. , Ohmae H. , Hoshi T. , Ohmori M.
Published: January 2005

An electron gun for a projection CRT has been developed by using a high resistive layer formed on the inside wall of a glass tube as the main lens structure. In an effort to achieve an ultimate electron gun, (1) design technology (2) resistor material to meet the system requirement, and (3) precision machining technology, have been made.

As a result, an electron gun with its main lens consisting of a high resistive film has been successfully developed. The CRT utilizing this electron gun which has the current neck diameter of 29.1 mm shows the following characteristics.

An electron gun achieved an effective electron lens diameter of 40 mm.

The beam spot diameter was reduced by 11%.

Magnetic permeability characteristics in high frequency range was improved 5 times.
28.4: Electron‐Gun Simulator including Work Function and Cathode Potential Barrier
Authors: Oku K. , Oshita K. , Shirai S. , Miyazaki H.
Published: January 2005

Axi‐asymmetric CRT electron gun simulator which includes the effects of cathode temperature, work function of cathode material and potential barrier near the cathode surface created by an electron beam has been developed. With the simulator, difference of cathode emitter materials, effects of cathode temperature on emission characteristics and transitional phenomena during cathode heating can be evaluated.
Threshold Voltage Control of Short Channel Poly‐Si TFT by Fluorine and Hydrogen Plasma Treatment
Authors: Yoo J. S. , Park C. M. , Choi H. B. , Bae B. S. , Kim H. J. , Han M. K.
Published: January 2005

The short channel nMOS and pMOS poly‐Si TFTs exhibit positive shift of threshold voltage when exposed to fluorine plasma due to negative charges collected at the gate insulator. The threshold voltage of short channel devices shifts to negative gate bias as the hydrogenation period increases due to passivation of defect states at the channel depletion region. This paper reports a method for controlling the threshold voltage of short channel poly‐Si TFTs by fluorine and hydrogen plasma treatment. The threshold voltage shift due to gate bias stress is not so severe that the proposed method does not affect the long‐term device stability.
P‐6: A1‐Nd‐Ti‐Alloy Films and Its Application to 6.7‐in. SVGA High‐Aperture a‐Si TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Kamiya K. , Shiota J. , Ishii H. , Miyashita T. , Sato S.‐I. , Aoki H.
Published: January 2005

We have developed a 6.7inch diagonal SVGA TFT‐LCD device with new Al‐Nd‐Ti alloys films which had low electric resistivity (<10μΩ cm) for gate and drain electrodes as single layer. The alloys films have high performance of both heat tolerance and corrosion tolerance than conventional Al‐Ti and Al‐Nd alloys films. We also observed the mechanism of alloys films' properties change after heating with DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry)
LP‐A: Late‐News Poster: A Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT Reflective XGA Array for LCPC Light Valve
Authors: Kunigita M. , Kato N. , Masumo K. , Yuki M.
Published: January 2005

A 2 inches in diagonal low temperature poly‐Si TFT reflective XGA array with driver integration was fabricated by Ar+ laser annealing method. An opaque organic film was used for a planarization layer of reflective electrodes as well as a light shield layer to the array. We applied the array to LCPC (Liquid Crystal / Polymer Composite) light valve and obtained a high resolution image.
P‐11: Analysis of Light‐Guide Warp in a 14.1‐in. LCD Backlight for Notebook PCs
Authors: Ono M. , Tsunekawa T.
Published: January 2005

At the production line for our 14.1‐inch LCD modules, arc‐shaped wrinkles on the optical sheets and concentric circle patterns on the screen appeared after aging of the panels. The cause of these problems was found to be dome‐shaped warp of the light guide of the backlight unit. Analysis of these phenomena led to several ideas on how to prevent these display luminance non‐uniformity problems.
P‐15: Local LC Alignment Near the Surface Defects
Authors: Tomilin M. G.
Published: January 2005

The thin layers of homogeneously oriented NLC applied on the surfaces under investigation as a free film can be used as unusual recording media that permits to visualize the local defects of the display substrates with high optical resolution. The new applications of this nondestructive method to display technology are discussed.
Run ‐ to ‐Run Control of ITO Deposition Process
Authors: Khan Kareemullah , Solakhain Victor , Ricci Anthony , Gu Tier , Moyne James
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the design and development of run‐to‐run control solution for an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) deposition process. ITO deposition is an inherently complex process making it hard to simultaneously optimize the many characteristics of the ITO film such as optical transmission, resistivity, stresses in the film etc. With the run‐to‐run control solution, post‐process measurements made after every run are used along with empirical process models and drift compensation and noise rejection techniques to suggest new equipment settings for the next run. Theoretical models and simulation results show that this approach gives very stable ITO characteristics. Some of the methods that improve the control algorithm are discussed and future work is explored.
P‐26: A New Method to Measure the Twist Angle and Cell Gap of Liquid‐Crystal Cells
Authors: Tang S. T. , Kwok H. S.
Published: January 2005

A new simple, fast and accurate method for liquid crystal cell twist angle and cell gap measurement was demonstrated. It is based on a real time spectral measurement of the linear polarization preservation modes. Prior knowledge of the twist angle or director orientations is not required. This method is straight forward and does not require complicated calculations or curve fitting. This system can be easily implemented in commercial instruments.
P‐28: Digital Zone Control for Geometry, Convergence, and Uniformity Correction
Authors: Webb J. R. , Simpson R.
Published: January 2005

A simplified approach to waveform generation and scan conversion is described. Wave tables are used to store correction waveforms for Geometry, Convergence and Uniformity. Over‐sampling is used to restore the original wave shape from the tables. Scan format conversion is separate from waveform generation. Raster line numbers are ‘up’ converted to scan address for the over‐sampler.
Cathodoluminescent Field Emission Flat Panel Display Prototype Built Using Arrays of Diamond‐Coated Silicon Tips
Authors: Felter Thomas E. , Chakhovskoi Andrei G. , Givargizov Eugene I. , Chubun Nicholas I. , Talin Alec A. , Ohlberg Douglas A. A.
Published: January 2005

Vacuum‐sealed field‐emission non‐addressable flat panel display prototypes are manufactured and tested. The single‐color 50×45×3 mm displays with emissive area 17×17 mm use ungated diode configuration based on arrays of diamond‐coated silicon tips. Brightness of 100–200 candelas per square meter is achieved at 1500 volts.
Charged Liquid Cluster Beam Technique and Deposition of Manganese Doped Zinc Silicate for Plasma Display Panels
Authors: Kim K. , Cich M. , Choi H. , Hwang S. T.
Published: January 2005

The charged liquid cluster beam technique is inherently suited to fabricating uniform, conformal coatings of controlled chemical compositions and stoichiometries. The technique has the ability to produce and use nanometer‐scale charged drops of liquid precursors for thin film deposition and to utilize atomic scale mixing present in liquid precursors to achieve a film of uniform stoichiometry. Films of manganese doped zinc silicate, (Zn1−δMnδ)2SiO4, have been deposited using the CLCB technique. The deposition conditions were found to have a large impact on the morphology and photoluminescence intensity of the films. No phases other than zinc silicate were detectable with manganese contents up to δ=0.08.
7.1:Invited Paper:Application of Backlit AMLCDS to Avionics
Authors: Tannas L. E.
Published: January 2005

The ultimate glass cockpit technology has arrived—AMLCDs with improved backlights. Initial expectations for weight, power and volume savings are being realized, as are major advantages of cost, reliability and visual performance that exceed that of CRTs. The unique ability to reflect as well as transmit a colored image makes AMLCDS superior to all other technologies. New fluorescent backlight designs with high luminance and dimmability are the key to adapting AMLCDS to the aviation environment. The major impact of AMLCDS is on system architecture. Panel sources and standardization is still a problem compounded by low‐volume consumption by the aviation industry.
P‐49: Improvement of Contrast Ratio in Bright‐Ambient Color ACPDP with High Resolution
Authors: Awaji N. , Kosaka T. , Betsui K. , Namiki F. , Irie K. , Shinoda T.
Published: January 2005

Contrast ratio in bright ambient is one of the most important factor of image quality in display picture. In this paper, it is reported that the contrast ratio is improved by applying a reflective structure with white ribs. The structure is applied to surface discharge ac‐PDP with high resolution of 0.13mm, the contrast ratio is improved 1.5times higher than the conventional one. Moreover, luminance and luminous efficiency are improved 1.94 and 2.05 times higher with wider viewing angle.
Red and Blue Thin Film Electroluminescence in Eu‐doped orthophosphates
Authors: Xiao T. , Kitai A. H. , Barbier J.
Published: January 2005

SrLiPO4, SrZn2(PO4)2 and SrMg2(PO4)2 powders doped with Eu have been synthesized and bright blue Eu2+ photoluminescence (PL) has been observed. Blue electroluminescence (EL), which peaks at 445 nm (CIE coordinates x=0.26, y=0.19) has also been observed in SrLiPO4:Eu2+, which is believed to be a promising new blue EL phosphor.
Improvement of the Optical Characteristics of a TN Display Using Negative In‐Plane and Splayed Discotic Films
Authors: Sergan Tatiana A. , Kelly Jack R.
Published: January 2005

Standard twisted nematic (TN) displays without compensation have insufficient contrast ratio and gray scale performance. To solve this problem polymer compensation film have been employed. One of the best efforts has been done by Fuji Inc. that developed Wide View Film. However, this film does not provide full compensation. In this work we studied the optical properties and performance of commercially available Fuji Wide View films and developed an improvement of its performance by adding a negative in‐plane retarder.
Optically Compensated In‐Plane‐Switching‐Mode TFT‐LCD Panel
Authors: Saitoh Y. , Kimura S. , Kusafuka K. , Shimizu H.
Published: January 2005

An optically compensated in‐plane‐switching‐mode TFT‐LCD panel was developed. The panel has an optical compensation film between a liquid crystal layer and a polarizer, and shows a significantly high‐contrast viewing angle, good gray‐scale capability, small color shift, and a large tolerance for cell gap non‐uniformity compared with a conventional in‐plane‐switching‐mode LCD.
P‐76: Optical Design of R‐OCB Mode Full‐Color Reflective LCD with Wide Viewing Angle and High Contrast
Authors: Ishinabe T. , Miyashita T. , Uchida T.
Published: January 2005

One polarizer type reflective LCDs have been developed for reflective color LCDs with high resolution and high brightness. However, in order to apply it to high‐quality monitor displays, its contrast ratio is not sufficiently high in wide range of wavelength and viewing angle.

In this paper, we discuss the design rule of liquid crystal layer and retardation films for one polarizer type reflective LCDs to get high quality, especially high contrast ratio, for the monitor displays.
White Reflective Displays from Polymer‐Stabilized Cholesteric Textures
Authors: Kim Julie , Leroux Nathalie , Chien L.‐C.
Published: January 2005

We report the optical and electro‐optical properties of a white reflective display from a chiral polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (C‐PSCT). The new PSCT system is prepared by photopolymerizing a small quantity of a chiral monomer in a cholesteric host. The chiral polymer network phase separates into micron‐size regions, which provide the additional chirality and influence the pitch and orientation of helical axes of a cholesteric liquid crystal. Therefore, a distribution of cholesteric helical axes Bragg reflects a white image.
8.2: Flat‐Face 46‐cm Color Display Tube: DIAMONDTRON NF
Authors: Inoue A. , Hojo M. , Makino K. , Hinomoto N. , Yazu T. , Okuda S. , Shono K.
Published: January 2005

The new generation flat face 46cm color display tube DIAMONDTRON NJ? has been developed with high brightness, high resolution, distortion free and natural‐looking flat image. This technological feat has been achieved by giving the panel internal surface an accurately calculated radius based on typical usage environments. The flat face also reduses ambient light reflection and glare, making the image much easier to view.

The newly developed DIAMONDTRON NF utilizes the proprietary DIAMONDTRON technologies and wins advantages the conventional type flat face CRTs with a several key technologies development such as tempered glass bulb, flatter aperture grille and new electron gun etc. Also anti‐reflection coating is treated on the flat surface.
Wide Viewing Angle, Dual‐Domainlike VA‐LCD
Authors: Lee S. H. , Kim H. Y. , Park I. C. , Lee Y. H. , Lee S. L. , Choi W. H. , Lee W. G. , Lee J. Y. , Park J. S. , Lee C. H.
Published: January 2005

Rubbing free, vertically aligned 13.3″ XGA TFT‐LCD panel providing w ide viewing angle, high contrast ratio and fast response time has been fabricated. A novel device using liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy is associated with homeotropic to dual‐domainlike transition induced by in‐plane field. Electro‐optic characteristics and optimized pixel design of the panel are reported herein.
32.2: A Real‐Time 2‐D to 3‐D Image Conversion Technique Using Computed Image Depth
Authors: Murata H. , Mori Y. , Yamashita S. , Maenaka A. , Okada S. , Oyamada K. , Kishimoto S.
Published: January 2005

The “Computed Image Depth method” (CID) is proposed for converting from all kinds of two‐dimensional (2D) images into three dimensional (3D) images. The 3D images are generated by computing the depth of each separated area of the 2D images with their contrast, sharpness and chrominance. The CID is implemented into a single‐chip LSI with the “Modified Time Difference method”. In this implementation, both methods are used adaptively according to the object's motions in the images. The 2D‐to‐3D image conversion system with this newly developed LSI realizes to generate 3D images automatically in real‐time.
32.4: A Lightweight 3‐D HMD with Accommodative Compensation
Authors: Sugihara T. , Miyasato T.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes the development of the 3DDAC mk. 4 system, a brand new implementation in our research program. The 3DDAC is a fatigueless stereoscopic display system with a compensating function of accommodation for binocular disparity 3‐D image representation. The mk. 4 system is a lightweight HMD style.
Viewing‐angle improvement based on Poincaré sphere representation
Authors: Vermeirsch Koenraad , Fornier Johan , De Meyere Arnout
Published: January 2005

We extended the representation of light propagation through birefringent media on the Poincaré sphere to the case of oblique incidence. The developed representation was used to design a wide viewing‐angle compensation foil for a bi‐level TN‐LCD.
Illuminating a Scanning Ripple for Flat‐Panel 3‐D
Authors: Marston N. S. , Chen C.‐H. , Travis A. R. L.
Published: January 2005

A surface ripple moving across a sheet of reflective film can be illuminated by a one‐line video projector in order to create a flat panel pixelated image. The concept can be extended to create 3‐D autostereoscopic images on large screens with wide fields of view. The initial results of two prototypes are presented.
Integral‐Color Plastic Liquid Crystal Display The Ultimate Flat Panel Display
Authors: Chiulli Carl , DelPico Joseph , Vetterling William , Johnson Kristina M. , Sharp Gary D. , Schadt Martin , Seiberle Hubert
Published: January 2005

An all‐plastic direct‐view liquid crystal display with light weight, high contrast, saturated colors, and wide viewing‐angle is proposed. The display combines three controllable liquid crystal cells with intermediate coated‐polymer liquid crystal retarder stacks to provide full‐color pixels. Prototype structures indicate that each pixel will have a wide color gamut, and optical efficiency over six times that of current DSTN displays.
Beam Steering Device for Large‐Area Displays
Authors: Faris Sadeg M. , He Zhan
Published: January 2005

Based on phase modulations of liquid crystal optical devices and polarization selective reflections of multi‐dielectric layers, we developed ultra‐compact electro‐optical beam steering devices (BSDs) with very high light efficiency and contrast ratio (>103). The applications of such novel beam steering devices in large‐area flat image display technologies are proposed.
53.5L: Late‐News Paper: Reflective Electromechanically Actuated Film Display (AFD) for Direct Viewing
Authors: Sugahara A. , Lang R. , Shimizu S. , Sunohara K.
Published: January 2005

A novel electromechanically driven actuated film display (AFD) has been developed for direct viewing. It is comprised of mobile cantilevers supporting black, white or colored tabs which can be moved through applied voltage pulses. It possesses hysteresis characteristics for simple matrix driving and can offer features such as a low power‐consumption, a paper‐like white appearance and a full color performance.
L2.4: Late‐News Paper: White Monochrome TFEL Displays with SrS:Cu,Ag/ZnS:Mn Stack Phosphor
Authors: Sun S‐S. , Bowen M. S. , Daniel J. L. , Moehnke S. , Hodges A. , Tuenge R. T. , Pearson S. , Phillips J. , Simonsen L. , King C. N.
Published: January 2005

Using a stack phosphor consisting of the newly developed SrS:Cu,Ag blue phosphor and ZnS:Mn, it is now possible to produce TFEL displays that emit true white color, e.g., CIE x∼ 0.40, y∼ 0.40. We have produced demo displays ranging from a fixed pattern segmented display to a 192 line mid‐resolution graphic display with areal luminance between 100 and 1034 cd/m2. These white TFEL displays are expected to provide new market opportunities in applications where emitting color is a sensitive issue, e.g., automotive displays.
Design Considerations for Lightweight CRT Bulbs
Authors: Gulati Suresh T.
Published: January 2005

The analyses of lightweight CRT design show that by introducing beneficial residual stresses during manufacturing the panel thickness and weight can be reduced. However, the magnitude of residual stresses must be controlled to ensure the mechanical safety of CRT and to minimize glass compaction in the panel during tube assembly.
13.2: Impact behavior of CRT bulbs with tempered panel glass
Authors: Nishihama J. , Naruakami T. , Takaoka H. , Sugawara T.
Published: January 2005

The mechanical behavior at the impact of a tempered CRT bulb is discussed. The surface strength of a glass bulb is able to be improved by tempering, but excessive tempering causes self‐crack propagation and degrades implosion‐proof characteristics. From our several impact tests and experiments, the most desirable intensity range of tempering for CRT glass bulbs has been found.
Variable Transmission Coatings for Picture Tubes
Authors: de Vries G. C.
Published: January 2005

The glass transmission of a CRT determines the compromise between two perceptual parameters that are of key importance: the brightness and the daylight contrast. Thus the picture quality of a CRT strongly depends on the glass transmission. This paper explains how optimal picture quality under varying ambient illumination can be achieved with user‐adjustable glass transmission. The two variable transmission technologies that are currently investigated by Philips, i.e. photochromics and electrochromics, are discussed.
13.4: Evaluation of the Electric Field Around the Electron Gun Using 3‐D Simulation
Authors: Suzuki Y. , Furuichi M. , Mori K.
Published: January 2005

The influence of the insulated material around the electron gun, and the wiring leads for the grids of the electron gun had been handled as the uncertain factor and using the experimental method. Here we show the various examples using 3‐D computer simulation which gives us enough similarity of those problems and is useful for the future gun design.
A 28‐cm‐diagonal UXGA TFT‐LCD for Legible A4‐size Document Viewers
Authors: Nose T. , Ikeda N. , Kanoh H. , Ikeno H. , Hayama H. , Kaneko S.
Published: January 2005

□A 28‐cm‐diagonal UXGA TFT‐LCD with 177 dpi resolution has been developed. With this LCD, the images of documents located within printable areas on A4‐size papers can be legibly displayed. Using this high‐resolution LCD, subjective psychological experiments have been carried out. We have found that TFT‐LCD legibility was much better than that of CRT, and that minimum resolution of about 175 dpi dots per inch was needed for use in legible document viewers.
A 7‐inch Full‐Color Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT‐LCD
Authors: Kim H. J. , Kim D. , Lee J. H. , Kim I. G. , Moon G. S. , Huh J. H. , Hwang J. W. , Joo S. Y. , Kim K. W. , Souk J. H.
Published: January 2005

A 7‐inch full‐color low‐temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD with fully integrated driver circuits has been developed. Employing a novel LDD structure in the CMOS integrated drivers, highly stable devices have been attained. It was designed to provide various types of images, such as full, cinema, normal, and wide mode. The 7‐inch TFTLCD is applicable for the car‐navigation system or PDA applications.
17.3: Calibration of a Scanned Linear Grating Light Valve™ Projection System
Authors: Corrigan R. W. , Amm D. T. , Alioshin P. A. , Staker B. , LeHoty D. A. , Gross K. P. , Lang B. R.
Published: January 2005

The Grating Light Valve GLV™ technology has been used in an innovative system architecture to create a high resolution projected image by optically scanning a linear array of GLV pixels. We will discuss optical and electrical techniques used to optimize the performance of this unique architecture in terms of overall image quality, uniformity and repeatability.
Digital Controls for Flat Panel Monitors
Authors: Martin Russel
Published: January 2005

This paper presents a discussion of functions incorporated into a digital AMLCD monitor and how it may be implemented with VLSI circuits. Two core features for a digital AMLCD monitor are the digital interface and a method of scaling input resolution to match the panel. The PanelLink® interface provides a widely accepted method of sending and receiving digital data between panel, computer, and interface ICs. The design and performance of an example chip with scaling, digital interface, power management, and on‐screen‐display are described.
A Simple Controller for Displaying Restricted Patterns in RMS Responding LCDs
Authors: Vijaya P. Y. , Reddappa D. J. , Ruckmongathan T. N.
Published: January 2005

A controller for displaying restricted patterns in passive matrix LCDs will be presented. Hardware complexity and the computational time for generating column signals are reduced considerably by using serial arithmetic directly from digitised samples and hence eliminating the frame buffer in multi‐line addressing techniques.
Correcting Distortions in Digital Displays and Projectors Using Real‐Time Digital Image Warping
Authors: Goel J. , Flynn M. , Olson W.
Published: January 2005

Pixelated displays and projectors based on LCDs cannot correct distortions or perform spatial transformations like CRT‐based systems using electron beam deflection. This paper presents a new programmable warp technology that enables these digital systems to electronically correct distortions and perform spatial transforms. Highlights of an integrated circuit IC that embodies the warp technology are discussed along with common applications. The IC supports input and output resolutions up to UXGA, video picture‐in‐picture, de‐interlacing, frame‐rate conversion and real‐time warp configuration with fully programmable high‐precision coefficients.
Effects of Pretilt Angle on Electro‐Optical Properties of π‐Cell LCDs
Authors: Mi Xiang‐Dong , Xu Ming , Yang Deng‐Ke , Bos Philip J.
Published: January 2005

High pretilt angle can help stabilizing the desired bend configuration of π‐cells but also changes the electro‐optical behaviors. We report here a study on how the pretilt angle affects the electro‐optical properties of π‐cells, including the critical voltages needed to stabilize the bend configuration, the minimum voltages needed to turn the π‐cells fully on, the cell gap required to produce the desired π phase retardation, the transmittance‐voltage curves, the response time, and the viewing angle characteristics. The results provide a guidance to construct π‐cells with various pretilt angles.
A High‐Resolution 2k Monochrome Monitor based on the Triple‐Gun Principle
Authors: Reiter H. , Quadflieg P. , Spekowius G. , Weibrecht M.
Published: January 2005

We have studied a 2048 lines 2k high‐resolution monochrome monitor concept operating with the three guns of a modified color CRT and a standard graphics controller. The major application for the monitor system is medical image presentation. The attainable performance has been analyzed and proven with the help of a prototype system. Major advantages over the standard single‐gun monitor architectures are the reduced bandwidth and the attractive system price.
Spatio‐Temporal Variation of VUV and IR Emission from Surface Discharge Type AC PDP Cell with He‐Xe and Ne‐Xe
Authors: Yoon Cha Keun , Seo Jeong Hyun , Kim Joong Kyun , Chung Woo Jun , Yang Jin Ho , Jeong Heui Seob , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2005

The spatio‐temporal variations of 147nm, 173nm, and IR emission images were obtained from He‐Xe and Ne‐X surface discharge type AC PDP cell. Differences in the 147nm, 173nm, and IR emission characteristics between He‐Xe and Ne‐Xe gas mixture were observed and explained by the difference of Xe mobility and dimer reaction coefficients in two cases.
Thermally Stable LC alignment on Polyimide Films Exposed to UV During Imidization
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hoon , Agra Deña Mae , Bharat X. , Acharya R. , Kumar Satyendra
Published: January 2005

Polyimide alignment layers have been prepared using “in‐situ” exposure to linearly polarized UV LPUV light during imidization. Liquid crystal alignment on these layers exhibits higher anchoring strength and thermal stability than the “conventional” UV method that employs LPUV exposure after imidization. The in‐situ method requires fewer steps and shorter processing time compared to the conventional method.
Adaptive temporal filters for all VDTs to prevent health hazards that can be more dangerous than you thought
Authors: Nomura Masahide , Takahashi Takeo
Published: January 2005

The survey of photosensitive seizures in Japanese “Pokemon incident” revealed that content‐dependent VDT hazards are a common treat to all who use video displays. We clinically studied photosensitive epilepsy patients, and show that an adaptive temporal; filtering developed by Nomura provides an effective means of preventing flicker‐trigger photosensitive seizures.
Eye Safety Analysis of Scanning Beam Displays
Authors: Gross A. , Lorenson C. , Golich D.
Published: January 2005

Scanning beam displays use a light source to project video image directly on the retina of the eye, producing a bright, high‐resolution picture. These displays can be used in either occluded or see‐through mode in any applications where a conventional displays; e.g. cathode ray tube CRT would presently be used. Depending on the luminance required by the applications, different types of light sources can be used in the system. For occluded applications light‐emitting diodes LEDs can be used and for see‐through applications usually a laser is used. This paper analyzes the effects of the scanned beam on the retina compared to eye safety standards in place. Analysis for displays designed for military and consumer markets are presented.
P‐4: Defect Detection in Reflective Liquid‐Crystal Microdisplays
Authors: Pratt W. K. , Pendergrass R. A. , Sawkar S. S.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a recently developed automatic inspection system which detects, measures and classifies defects in reflective liquid crystal on silicon micro displays. The detected defects include single pixels and rows and columns of pixels of incorrect luminance. In addition, the system is capable of detecting and classifying a variety of blemishes, called mura, that appear as low‐contrast, non‐uniform brightness regions.
FLAT PANEL DISPLAY REPAIR PRACTICES
Authors: Ball S. , Cockey S.
Published: January 2005

Sequel performs FPD repair in 3 worldwide locations: San Jose, California; Taipei, Taiwan; and Reading, England. This paper will review the technical issues associated with the four major rework categories of FPD repair, focused to some degree on the largest category of FPD's, the liquid crystal display used in notebook computers. The four rework categories are:

TAB (TCP) Repair

Polarizer Replacement

Backlight Replacement

PCB Repair
Fog Imitators for Application in Aviation
Authors: Tsvetkov Valentin A.
Published: January 2005

This paper reports results of developing three types of reduced visibility imitators for training flights. One of them made in a pilot lot of 50 units was tested in actual flights and got excellent references from aviation personnel. The imitators were made on the basis of cells with colorless LC material possessing the effect of dynamic light scattering (DSM).
A Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT with a SMC Poly‐Si Crystallized at 420 °C
Authors: Choi Y. J. , Kwak W. K. , Park S. J. , Yoon S. Y. , Kim C. O. , Jang J.
Published: January 2005

Amorphous silicon (a‐Si) was crystallized by silicide mediated crystallization (SMC) using a very thin metal layer on a‐Si. Such structure can be crystallized by annealing for 30 min at 420 °C in the presence of an electric field of 100 V/cm. The poly‐Si TFT was fabricated using a triple layers of SMC poly‐Si, silicon‐nitride (SiNx), and a‐Si:H. The TFT exhibited a field effect mobility of 24 cm2/Vs and a threshold voltage of 1V, and an on/off current ratio of ∼105. The SMC poly‐Si TFT is very suitable for the production of large‐area, high quality liquid crystal displays.
Energy Recovery Sustain Circuit for Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Chang , Chen Chern‐Lin
Published: January 2005

A novel driver is proposed to drive a plasma display panel (PDP) in the sustaining operation. The proposed circuit uses the parallel resonance between the inductor and the intrinsic capacitance of PDP to mainly recover the energy lost by the capacitive displacement current of PDP and the parasitic resonance.
P‐22: Improvement of Luminance Efficiency in an ACPDP by Self‐Erase Discharge Waveform
Authors: Hashimoto T. , Iwata A.
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a novel waveform which improved the luminance efficiency of AC‐PDP without reducing the voltage margin. This waveform which induces self‐erase discharges by space charges, utilizes the memory effect of space charges like the puke memory of DC‐PDP, in addition to the memory effect of wall charges. More than a 15% higher efficiency is obtained in the 40‐inch diagonal XGA AC‐PDP developed by us when compared with the conventional waveform at the same operating point.
Electrical Properties of Interfaces and Turn‐on Characteristics of TFEL Devices
Authors: Lee Yun‐Hi , Shin Kyeong‐Sik , Kim Young‐Sik , Jang Yoon‐Taek , Sung Man‐Young , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Oh Myung‐Hwan
Published: January 2005

A relationship between interface property of BaTa2O6(BTO) insulting later and operating characteristics of EL devices was experimentally examined. In order to obtain information on BTO. temperature‐dependent‐current characteristics of ITO‐BTO‐A1 has been investigated as a function of applied field for the both polarities. The turn‐on voltage for TFRL devoces was lowered by the introduction of oxygen plasma exposure for the BTO film as well as top surface of ZnS. Luminance‐transferred charge curves of TFELD revealed as more symmetric for the oxygen plasma treated device for both polarities. The experimental results suggest that via variation of surface of BTO via post‐treatment of top‐surface of lower insulator and top‐surface of ZnS.
Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppression for Aperture‐Grille CRTs
Authors: Hashimoto M. , Taguchi H. , Tanaka M. , Seto K. , Doi F. , Ren M.
Published: January 2005

This paper is concerned with the vibration problem of CRTs. It is found that a Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppressor for Aperture Grille CRTs is a new device to prevent a screen from oscillating. We use friction between metals in order to damp the vibration and to keep damping effect all the time. It is observed that the Dual Dynamic Vibration Suppressor decreases the amplitude of Aperture Grille tape vibration by 93%.
Reflection Profiles of Holographic Color Reflectors
Authors: Iwauchi K. , Tokumaru T. , Higashigaki Y.
Published: January 2005

RGB gain reflectors were fabricated using a holographic exposure method. These color reflectors were found to give the brighter reflector than a white standard at the limited angles for incident lights and viewing directions.
Electro‐Mechano‐Optical (ElMO) Microstructures Fabricated from Reactive Mesogens: A Novel Light Modulating Material
Authors: Cairns Darran R. , Sibulkin Merwin , Crawford Gregory P.
Published: January 2005

We have manufactured birefringent polymer balls by photo‐polymerizing suspensions of reactive mesogens in the nematic phase. The dielectric and optical anisotropy is captured by photo‐polymerization. The balls are Electro‐Mechano‐Optical (ElMO) in that they undergo a mechanical reorientation in the presence of an applied electric field, and therefore may be useful for display applications. We show that our spheres are suited for both conventional electrode arrangements and in‐plane switching modes. We present our modeling for the switching times and critical switching voltage and show the potential of ElMO materials in electro‐optic applications.
Clarification of “Gamma” and the Accurate Characterization of CRT Monitors
Authors: Deguchi Tatsuya , Katoh Naoya , Berns Roy S.
Published: January 2005

Color images are often viewed on CRT monitors with the widespread PCs and Internet. We clarified the term “gamma1)” which represents the monitor's tone characteristics, since this term is ambiguously used. Also, an accurate characterization method of CRT monitors was considered because it is essential to have color matching with other color imaging devices. We compared several characterization methods at different settings of the user‐controlled contrast and brightness, and found a more accurate characterization method than the conventional methods.
Color Reproduction of Twist Nematic LCD by Polynomial Regression Applied in Primary‐Invariance Model
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Yu , Liaw Ming‐Jiun , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: January 2005

As primary‐shifts on LCDs is non‐negligible, primary‐invariance model, widely used to characterize the color reproduction on CRT monitors, can not be applied well on LCDs. To obtain average color difference of less than 3ΔE;*uv for LCDs, primary‐invariance forward model should be modified by at least a 3×9 regression analysis matrix. In backward model, polynomial regression method can transfer data in both RGB and XYZ domains. However, only in XYZ domain, desired colors can be reproduced sufficiently.
Focusing Properties of ThinCRT™ Display
Authors: Fahlen Theodore S.
Published: January 2005

Candescent has developed a field emission flat panel display, the ThinCRT, based on high voltage phosphors to take advantage of their high efficiency, long life, commercial availability, and wide color gamut. This paper discusses the unique system developed to focus the electrons across the 1.25 mm anode/cathode gap required for high voltage operation.
38.1: Optimized ITO Thin Films from ultra‐High‐Density Single‐Phase Targets
Authors: Lupton D. F.
Published: January 2005

Fundamental requirements of sputter targets are discussed with regard to the mechanisms of conductance and transmission in ITO films. A novel, fully integrated process for the manufacture of targets is described which ensures excellent, highly reproducible sputtering characteristics. The targets are characterized by ultra‐high, uniform density, and they are closely matched to the crystal structure, charge‐carrier density and oxygen stoichiometry of optimum ITO thin films.
High Throughput, Low Temperature COG Bonding using Printed UV Curable ACA
Authors: Baumbach J. , Baur H. , Lueder E. , Yamauchi A. , Dorfmueller L. , Knoll P. M.
Published: January 2005

We have successfully developed a 64μm pitch, high throughput, low temperature COG bonding process for glass and PES substrates. This process employs an optimized anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) and a fast ACA printing and UV curing method. The use of an ACA paste contributes to cost savings and the high intensity scanning spot curing enables a bonding time as small as 5sec at a bonding temperature as low as 120°C. Aging tests have proven a high reliability as needed for AMLCD.
A New Method for Measuring Convergence in CRTs
Authors: Chuang Charles , Wen Dustin , Hong Roger
Published: January 2005

Instrumentation measurement of CRT convergence is not widely deployed in CRT display production lines today due to its high cost and slow measurement speed. A new method of CRT convergence measurement using low cost monochrome CCD sensors is reported here. Zone focus, in‐situ calibration, filter‐less color discrimination, on screen display, and high speed are some of the key attributes of this new instrument.
Paper 42.1: Invited Paper: Field‐Emission Lamp for Avionics AMLCD
Authors: Akinwande A. I. , Johnson B. R. , Heil B. G. , Holmen J. O. , Murphy D. P.
Published: January 2005

We report the demonstration of a field emission lamp for Avionics AMLCD backlighting. This lamp promises to be thin, high brightness, high luminous efficiency, and temperature invariant with uniform diffuse light output. It will also require less electronic control circuitry. The lamp consists of a two‐dimensional array of thin‐film‐edge field emitter microstructures and a phosphor screen separated by spacers. This paper describes the operation, design, fabrication and characterization of a thin‐film‐edge field emission lamp. It also explores the use of other cold electron sources such as diamond and carbon nanotubes.
Color Filters for LCD Miniature Displays
Authors: Doyle J. P. , Cordes M. J. , Cordes S. A. , Budd R. , Chiu G.
Published: January 2005

Miniature displays are growing rapidly for applications in head‐mounted displays, electronic viewfinders, and projection displays. In this paper, we successfully pushed color filter‐technology down to a 5 micron pixel size in LCD miniature displays. A PMMA barrier layer encapsulates the color filter to achieve chemical and heat stability during processing steps.
44.2: Novel Fabrication of Inorganic Color Filter Using Transmittance of Thin‐Film Layers
Authors: Kim S. M. , Kim J. H. , Soh H. S.
Published: January 2005

A novel inorganic color filter (ICF) for the reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) has been proposed and fabricated for red color filter. The optical interference film of only 3‐layer consists of thin films of Iridium Tin Oxide (ITO), silicon nitride (SiNx) as transmittance layer and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) as an absorption layer. There was no color shift as defined value less than 3.0 of ΔE*ab for the ICF in the viewing angle up to 30 degrees.
44.3: Inhomogeneous Thin‐Film Optical Coatings for Flat‐Panel‐Display Applications
Authors: Lim S. , Chang H. , Wager J. F.
Published: January 2005

Optical reflection filters for red, green, and blue colors for information display application could be easily fabricated by using inhomogeneous silicon oxynitride(SiON) thin films. Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used to deposit SiON thin film, A band rejection filter with its rejection peak at 490nm was designed and fabricated by the computer‐controlled PECVD.
45.1 Optical Properties of the Gray Scale States of Cholesteric Reflective Displays
Authors: Xu Ming , Yang Deng‐ke
Published: January 2005

We studied the bistable cholesteric reflective display in gray scale states. The display exhibits wide viewing angles with no gray scale inversions. By modeling the reflection spectra, we characterized the helical axis orientations, the pitch variations and the effective volume fractions of the gray scale states.
Electro‐Optic Investigations of H‐PDLCs: The Effect of Monomer Functionality on Display Performance
Authors: Bowley C. C. , Fontecchio A. K. , Crawford G. P. , Yuan H.
Published: January 2005

We investigate the effect of monomer functionality on the electro‐optic performance of holographically‐formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Oligomers of functionality 2, 3 and 6 are mixed to yield oligomers of intermediate functionality. Reflection efficiency and critical field peaks are reported for effective functionality ∼4.5. SEM studies allow us to correlate these results to polymer morphology.
Optimization of Bend Cells for Field‐Sequential Color Microdisplay Applications
Authors: Watson P. , Bos P. J. , Gandhi J. , Ji Y. , Stefanov M.
Published: January 2005

The geometry and waveforms of optically compensated bend cells are optimized for field‐sequential color microdisplay applications. A unique software package based employing D. W. Berreman's modeling software as a calculation engine is used to determine the critical voltages, dynamics and optics of reflective bend cell microdisplays. The optimized configuration features an on‐off time of less than 2 ms for a 4 micron cell, and is fully compatible with existing electronics. Such a LCOS display is an excellent candidate for frame sequential color display projection applications.
Glass: A critical material in the development of electronic displays
Authors: Fehlner Francis P.
Published: January 2005

Abstract—

Electronic displays may be grouped into two categories, vacuum based and solid state. In both cases, glass has served as the package for the active components making up the display. Thus, glass has often been the limiting factor in the development of these technologies. This paper discusses the interrelationships between the two.
Backlight unit with double‐surface light emission using a single micro‐structured lightguide plate
Authors: Käläntär Kälil , Matsumoto Shingo , Katoh Tatsuya , Mizuno Toshiyuki
Published: January 2005

Abstract— A novel illumination system for a liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) module used in a dual‐display cellular phone has been developed. A double‐surface light‐emitting backlight uses a single light‐guide plate to illuminate both LCDs. A single lightguide, two prism sheets, and four light‐emitting diodes (LED) were used in the new structure, compared with ten components and two sets of light sources with six LEDs in the current backlight. The thickness and power consumption of the new backlight were reduced by a factor of 0.59 and 0.67, respectively.
Display grid: Ad‐hoc clusters of autonomous projectors
Authors: Raskar Ramesh , Van Baar Jeroen , Beardsley Paul
Published: January 2005

Abstract—Projectors, like computers, are becoming commoditized. Self‐contained computers are now being networked to create computing grids, allowing transparent access to a large computing resource or massive data storage. Image presentation devices can be similarly modified to support the concept of a “display grid” to create large seamless displays. Limiting ourselves to projector‐based display grids, we present techniques for creating multi‐projector displays via self‐configuring clusters of autonomous projectors. The ad‐hoc clustering approach avoids large monolithic installations. We show a low‐cost system that supports dynamic inclusion of new projectors, automatic geometric configuration, and seamless blending of overlapping projectors.
Robust flexible LCDs with paintable technology
Authors: Vogels Joost P. A. , Klink Stephen I. , Penterman Roel , De Koning Henk , Huitema Edzer E. A. , Broer Dirk J.
Published: January 2005

Abstract— In this article, second‐generation liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) made by Paintable LCD technology is presented. With this technology, LCDs are manufactured by a sequence of simple coating and UV curing processes. Since the process can be carried out on plastic substrates and the stack of optical layers is only tens of micrometers thick, the resulting LCDs are ultra‐thin and flexible.
Technology overview: LCDs for TV application
Authors: Kim Woo‐Yeol (Wayne)
Published: January 2005

Abstract— In this paper, the requirements for LCD‐TV application will be reviewed. The key factors for LCD TV for large‐sized panels and high image quality with prices competitive compared to that of CRT and PDP TV will be reviewed.