bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An innovative educational program for adolescents on home parenteral nutrition for the “transition” to adulthood
Authors: Goulet Olivier , Payen Elise , Talbotec Cécile , Poisson Catherine , Rocha Amelia , Brion Karina , Madras Marie‐Bernadette , Eicher Isabelle , Martinez Isabelle , Bégo Clémence , Chasport Céline , Ollivier Julie , Godot Cécile , Villain Claude , Joly Francisca , Lambe Cécile
Published: January 2024

Facing with an increasing demand for transition to adult care management, our home parenteral nutrition (HPN) team designed an adolescent therapeutic educational program (ATEP) specifically intended for adolescents on long‐term HPN. The aim of this study was to report on the first sessions of this program.

Methods

The ATEP is designed in three sessions of five consecutive days, during school holidays over the year. It includes group sessions on catheter handling, disconnecting and connecting the PN and catheter dressing, dealing with unforeseen events (e.g., fever or catheter injury), but also sessions with psychologist, social worker, sports teacher, fashion specialist, meeting with adults who received HPN since childhood. Specific course for the accompanying parents were also provided. Six months after the last session, a 3‐day trip to the attraction park “le Futuroscope,” Poitiers, France, was organized without any parental presence.

Results

After 3 ATEP courses, a total of 16 adolescents have been enrolled. They were aged between 13 and 17 years (median 14 IQR: 14–16.25). All were on long term HPN started during the neonatal period except for four who started PN at a median age of 10 years old (IQR: 1–10). At the time of the ATEP, their median PNDI was 105% (IQR: 95.5–120.8) while receiving a median of six infusions per week (IQR: 5–7). Thirteen received Taurolidine lock procedure. After the ATEP, 11 adolescents could be considered as fully autonomous, 4 as partially autonomous and one failed to gain any autonomy. Course evaluation by adolescents or parents was good to excellent.

Conclusion

Through the holistic and multiprofessional approach of this training and the group cohesion, the adolescents were not only able to handle catheter care and PN connections but were able to understand and accept better their illness and project themselves into their own future.
Congenital mixed hiatal hernia: A case report of an atypical cause of neonatal vomiting
Authors: Estrada‐Medrano Katia N. , Fernández‐Ortiz Sergio J. , Tamez‐Rivera Oscar , Villarreal Enrique G.
Published: January 2024

Congenital mixed hiatal hernia is a disorder that combines features of both sliding and paraoesophageal hernias. The precise incidence of congenital mixed hiatal hernia during the pediatric and neonatal period remains uncertain, making diagnosis challenging within this age cohort. This case presents a 15‐day‐old female with an 8% postnatal weight loss and apost‐feeding vomiting. An upper gastrointestinal series, computer tomography, and upper endoscopy revealed a mixed hiatal hernia. The patient underwent a laparoscopic herniorrhaphy and Nissen fundoplication achieving successful resumption of complete oral feeding before discharge. Diagnosis and management of this condition in neonates remain challenging due to its rarity and variable clinical presentations. This report emphasizes the importance of early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and tailored management strategies in the neonatal period. Further research, with a collaborative effort between pediatricians and surgeons, is needed to refine diagnostic criteria, establish evidence‐based management approaches, and improve outcomes for affected children.
High rates of return to sport following management of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral trochlea: A systematic review
Authors: Vivekanantha Prushoth , Sritharan Praveen , Hemstock Riley , Johnson Jansen , de SA Darren
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To summarize management strategies and associated clinical outcomes in patients with osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the femoral trochlea.

Methods

Three databases were searched from inception to 2 October 2023, for studies describing outcomes posttreatment for femoral trochlear OCD. The authors adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses and revised assessment of multiple systematic reviews guidelines as well as the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data on demographics, injury characteristics, and operative details were extracted. Outcomes included patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), complications, and revision and return to sport (RTS) rates.

Results

Twenty studies comprising 105 patients (119 knees) were included. Females comprised 10.1% (range: 0%–100%) of patients and the mean age of patients was 14.5 (range: 11–28) years. A total of 89 (74.7%) of knees received operative management, with 28 of 34 (82.4%) known open procedures being open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), and nine of 29 (31%) known arthroscopic procedures receiving arthroscopic reduction internal fixation (ARIF) or drilling. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores in 20 patients each ranged from 93.4 to 100 and 74.7 to 96.6, respectively. The revision rate for operative procedures was 9.0%, and the overall RTS rate was 93.3%.

Conclusion

There is very little high quality evidence investigating patients with femoral trochlear OCD lesions. Drilling, ARIF, and ORIF were the most common surgical options for this patient population. Patients treated with either nonoperative or operative management returned to sport at a high rate, and those requiring operative management had a low revision rate.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
No differences in long‐term clinical outcomes and survival rate of navigation‐assisted versus conventional primary mobile‐bearing total knee arthroplasty: A minimum 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Lee Sung‐Sahn , Chang Moon Jong , Cho Jin‐Ho , Oh Juyong , Moon Young‐Wan
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to compare long‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes and survival rates between navigation‐assisted (NAV) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and conventional (CON) TKA using a mobile‐bearing insert.

Methods

From May 2008 to December 2009, 45 and 63 mobile‐bearing TKA patients were enroled in the CON‐ and NAV‐TKA groups with 146.8 months follow‐up, respectively. Clinical outcomes (Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index and Knee Society Scores), radiographic outcomes (hip‐knee‐ankle [HKA], lateral distal femoral, medial proximal tibial, γ, and δ angles), and survivorship were compared between both groups.

Results

The number of HKA angle outliers (more than 3 degrees or less than −3 degree) was significantly lower in the NAV‐TKA group (24.4% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.036) than in the CON‐TKA group. However, long‐term clinical outcomes were similar between both groups. The cumulative survival rate (best‐case scenario) was 98.3% in the CON‐TKA group and 97.5% in the NAV‐TKA group, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.883).

Conclusion

Long‐term clinical outcomes and survival rates were similar between the two groups despite fewer outliers of postoperative lower‐limb alignment in the NAV‐TKA group. Excellent survival rates were observed in both groups using mobile‐bearing inserts.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, case series.
Theoretical and numerical results on the control of type III thermoelastic porous system
Authors: Messaoudi Salim A. , Al‐Mahdi Adel M. , Alahyane Mohamed
Published: January 2024

In this work, a type III thermo‐porous elastic system is considered. First, we use the semigroup theory to demonstrate that the system is well‐posed. Second, we show that the system is exponentially stable under a natural constraint on its parameters. Finally, we provide various numerical examples to illustrate numerically our theoretical findings.
Cystic ovary disease (COD) alters structure and function of the bovine oviduct
Authors: Scully Deirdre , Reese Sven , Kölle Sabine
Published: January 2024

Cystic ovary disease (COD) is a common cause of subfertility in dairy cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide novel concepts for cyst classification and to investigate the effects of COD on tubal microarchitecture, oviductal metabolic function, and the formation of the sperm reservoir. Bovine Fallopian tubes affected by follicular cysts, follicular cysts with luteinization and luteal cysts were investigated by a variety of microscopic and histological techniques and compared to control cows in metestrus and diestrus. We defined three types of cysts involved in COD, each of which had a characteristic wall thickness, inner wall appearance and cellular pattern within the cyst aspirate. Regarding the Fallopian tube, each cyst type was associated with a characteristic morphology, specifically the microarchitecture of the folds in ampulla, epithelial cell ratios, and ciliated/secretory cell size and form. Furthermore, each cyst type showed different patterns of tubal glycoprotein and acidic mucopolysaccharide synthesis, which was highly variable as compared to the controls. Our studies are the first to characterize the effects of COD on the Fallopian tube, which promotes the establishment of novel, cyst‐specific therapeutic concepts in cattle and helps gain a holistic view of the causes of subfertility in cows with COD.
The cost of lifelong LUTS—A systematic literature review
Authors: Holm‐Larsen Tove , Van den Ende Mauro , Wendelboe Helena Goldstein , Verbakel Irina , Kheir George Bou , Hervé François , Everaert Karel
Published: January 2024

Background

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are highly prevalent and very bothersome. To support the best possible allocation of health care resources and to avoid unnecessary expenditures, it is important to understand and quantify the wide‐ranging health care costs affecting people suffering from LUTS. We aimed at creating a foundation for exploring the cost of LUTS.

Method

In this systematic literature review, we explored the costs of illness of the LUTS umbrella. We used the online literature review tool Silvi.ai for transparent decision‐making and literature management.

Results

A total of 1821 original articles were screened. Forty had explored the cost of illness of a LUTS disease since 2013. The studies were conducted in 18 countries. A number of different study designs were applied, including both retrospective and prospective studies. In total, seven LUTS indications were explored. None of them focused on lifelong LUTS. None of them were conducted in infants or children. Eighty‐two percent were conducted in adults and 18% in frail elderly. Most cost of illness studies focused on the cost of hospitalization and use of medicine.

Conclusion

We have created the groundwork for understanding the cost of LUTS illness. To fully understand the cost of illness of lifelong LUTS, the main gap in research is to investigate the cost of LUTS in infants and children.
Validation of a simple body map to measure widespread pain in urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A MAPP Research Network study
Authors: Clemens J. Quentin , Locke Kenneth , Landis J. Richard , Kreder Karl , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Yang Claire C. , Tu Frank F. , Harte Steven E. , Schrepf Andrew , Farrar John T. , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Naliboff Bruce D. , Williams David A. , Afari Niloofar , Spitznagle Theresa , Taple Bayley J. , Lai H. Henry ,   Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network
Published: January 2024

Purpose

In patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS), the presence of widespread pain appears to identify a distinct phenotype, with a different symptom trajectory and potentially different response to treatment than patients with pelvic pain only.

Materials and Methods

A 76‐site body map was administered four times, at weekly intervals, to 568 male and female UCPPS participants in the MAPP Network protocol. The 76 sites were classified into 13 regions (1 pelvic region and 12 nonpelvic regions). The degree of widespread pain was scored from 0 to 12 based on the number of reported nonpelvic pain regions. This continuous body map score was regressed over other measures of widespread pain, with UCPPS symptom severity, and with psychosocial variables to measure level of association. These models were repeated using an updated body map score (0–12) that incorporated a threshold of pain ≥ 4 at each site.

Results

Body map scores showed limited variability over the 4 weekly assessments, indicating that a single baseline assessment was sufficient. The widespread pain score correlated highly with other measures of widespread pain and correlated with worsened UCPPS symptom severity and psychosocial functioning. Incorporating a pain severity threshold ≥4 resulted in only marginal increases in these correlations.

Conclusions

These results support the use of this 13‐region body map in the baseline clinical assessment of UCPPS patients. It provides reliable data about the presence of widespread pain and does not require measurement of pain severity, making it relatively simple to use for clinical purposes.
Optimization control of guide bar array deformation in flexible‐oriented 3D woven process
Authors: Liu Yang , Shan Zhongde , Liu Feng , Sun Zheng
Published: January 2024

The flexible‐oriented 3D woven process (FO3DWP) enables the production of high‐performance 3D composite preforms. However, the deformation of the Guide Bar Array (GBA) during the weaving process poses a major challenge and hinders the further advancement of FO3DWP. This study aimed to address this challenge by developing an optimization control method for automatic GBA correction during the manufacturing of 3D orthogonal preforms. The deformation state was predicted using a theoretical model and a control path was designed to reverse the GBA deformation. The height and fiber tension of the control paths were calculated using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A series of 3D woven experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results showed good agreement between the experimental and theoretical deformation eigenvalues (with a difference of less than 15%), and the control path significantly reduced the deformation eigenvalues. This method holds great potential for aerospace applications as it enables high‐quality production through automatic GBA correction by the weaving mechanism.

Highlights

A control path was designed to automatically correct the deformed GBA.

The height and the fiber tension of the control path were calculated using the PSO algorithm.

The experimental eigenvalues in the y‐direction were significantly reduced by the optimization control method.
Effect of particle size distribution on the cryogenic mechanical properties of triple‐base propellants
Authors: Li Qiang , Huang Juan , Wang Sheng , Gao Heng , Zhang Jianwei , Jin Guorui , Chen Ling , He Weidong , Wang Binbin
Published: January 2024

Fillers play a decisive role in the mechanical properties of polymer composites. In this paper, different particle sizes of nitroguanidine were obtained to regulate the internal filler structure of triple‐base propellants (TBP) to improve their mechanical response in different environments. A series of morphological and structural characterizations on nitroguanidine (NQ) particles were conducted using techniques. The results indicated that the obtained NQ particles maintained a high level of crystalline quality while preserving their molecular integrity. The mechanical properties of TBP were systematically evaluated under various loading conditions, including cryogenic tensile, compressive, and impact loads, as well as dynamic thermomechanical effects. Additionally, three‐point bending simulations were employed to elucidate the mechanical responses and damage mechanisms. Under axial tensile and compressive loads, reducing the particle size of NQ significantly enhanced the tensile and compressive strength. The maximum tensile strength and compressive strength can reach 344.62 MPa and 104.79 MPa. Moreover, the compressive failure mode transitioned from cracking to axial shrinkage. Conversely, when subjected to radial bending loads, TBP exhibited contrasting behavior, including a decrease in the glass transition temperature from 84.73°C to 76.93°C and a non‐monotonic trend in impact strength (initially increasing from 4.96 to 8.85 kJ/m2 and then decreasing to 2.27 kJ/m2). This study provides valuable insights into the mechanical performance of TBP, supporting the development of high‐energy, high‐strength TBP formulations.

Highlights

SEM analysis confirms the pronounced orientation effect of rod‐like NQ.

The orientation and particle size of NQ decide TBP's radial impact resistance.

Submicron NQ enhances the compression resistance property of TBP.

Submicron NQ brings about a shift in the microscopic damage morphology of TBP.
Effect of pineapple leaf and ramie fiber length and weight percentage on the hybrid polymer composites dry sliding wear and air jet erosion studies
Authors: Arivendan Ajithram , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Gao Wenhua , Thangiah Winowlin Jappes Jebas
Published: January 2024

In this work, pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and ramie hybrid fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite samples were evaluated for their hardness strength and resistance to dry slide wear and air jet erosion. Primary reinforcement using the hybrid material was chosen from different lengths (10, 15, 20, and 25 mm) and weight percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%). The hardness strength of the hybrid composite varied from 74 to 97 Shore D hardness strength. A dry sliding wear test was conducted with the key parameters of load (20, 30, and 40 N), time (20, 10, 7 min), and speed (160, 320, and 479 rpm). By using the data analyzing software, Taguchi optimization method, the key contribution parameters were identified. In the air jet erosion experiment, impact angle (45°, 60°, and 90°), erodent velocity (28, 41, and 72 m/s), and discharge rate (1, 2.5, and 3.3 g/min) parameters were used. Fiber and matrix materials agglomeration effect and bonding behavior were identified by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The 20 mm length with 30% of the PALF and ramie hybrid fiber‐reinforced composite sample achieved high hardness strength (97 shore D) and created a high resistance toward wear and erosion studies.

Highlights

Natural plant pineapple leaf and ramie fibers are mixed with an epoxy matrix.

Used Taguchi analysis to determine the means and signal‐to‐noise ratios

Different weight percentages of the PALF and ramie hybrid composites

Dry sliding wear and air jet erosion studies are conducted.

Individual parameter contributions were identified.
BMI increase during early childhood in boys with cystic fibrosis and early adrenarche
Authors: Tamer Gizem , Arets Hubertus Gerardus Maria , van der Ent Cornelis Kors , van Santen Hanneke Margo , van der Kamp Hetty Jacoba
Published: January 2024

Background

Increase in body mass index (BMI) in early childhood (1−6 years) was found to be a contributing factor for impaired final height in boys with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Early adrenarche (before age 9 years in boys) may contribute to an impaired final height by triggering an early acceleration of bone age resulting in a compromised growth spurt during puberty. We aimed to analyze the timing of adrenarche in boys with CF and to associate BMI increase in early childhood to timing of adrenarche.

Methods

Boys with CF, aged 8−9 years, visiting the CF expertize center Utrecht were included. Since 2018, anthropomorphic, pubertal and endocrine data were collected. Early adrenarche in boys was defined as a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) ≥ 1 µmol/L before the age of 9 years.

Results

Thirteen boys (mean age 8.55 ± 0.27 years) were enrolled. The median (IQR) DHEAS‐level was 1.3 µmol/L (0.71−2.40). Eight boys (61.5%) had an early rise in DHEAS‐levels ≥ 1 µmol/L. Mean increase in BMI Z‐score between 1 and 6 years of age (ΔBMI1−6) was −0.07 ± 0.86. A significant correlation was found between ΔBMI1−6 and DHEAS‐levels at the age of 8−9 years (r = 0.624, p = 0.040). In five boys with early rise in DHEAS, accelerated bone age was found (average 1.55 ± 0.96 years).

Conclusion

In this small cohort, 61.5% of boys with CF between 8 and 9 years had an early rise of DHEAS, which was correlated to ΔBMI1−6 between 1 and 6 years. Early adrenarche may be caused by ΔBMI1−6.
Successful dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy in a patient with recurrent BRAFV600E‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer and coexisting radiation pneumonitis
Authors: Nakamura Eriko , Ota Masahide , Matsuda Ryosuke , Takeda Maiko , Fujii Tomomi , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Hontsu Shigeto , Yamauchi Motoo , Yoshikawa Masanori , Muro Shigeo
Published: January 2024

There have been several reports of drug‐induced lung injury caused by molecular‐targeted agents. Additionally, medical history of interstitial lung disease and chest irradiation are established risk factors for the development and progression of drug‐induced lung injury. Moreover, the presence of fibrosis on chest computed tomography before treatment is a predictive factor for the appearance of pneumonia induced by anticancer drugs. Accordingly, patients with a history of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis were excluded from clinical trials of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy for patients with previously treated BRAF V600E‐mutant metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer. This article presents a case of successful dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy in a patient with BRAF V600E‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer who had a history of radiation pneumonitis and developed recurrence after conventional chemoradiotherapy.
Liquidity risk and CMBX microstructure
Authors: Christopoulos Andreas D. , Barratt Joshua G.
Published: January 2024

This is the first paper in the literature to focus on CMBX price formation with dual techniques of liquidity estimation. In this paper, we introduce a generalizable method using principal component analysis to estimate daily risk decompositions of default, interest rate, liquidity and excess liquidity from previously simulated reduced form monthly risk decompositions. Our method generates these measures for CMBX. To assess liquidity estimates, we compare our risk decomposition measures of liquidity to classical microstructure effective bid–ask spreads, daily. We find our measures to be significant in explaining effective bid–ask spreads over 12 years of daily history and in 20‐day forecasts.
Stabilization of discrete‐time positive switched linear systems: A nonzero elements chain method
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Lei , Yao Shaojie , Yan Shuaiming , Zhou Yi
Published: January 2024

This article studies the stability problem of discrete‐time positive switched linear systems by introducing a nonzero elements chain method. Compared to existing works, the highlight of this article is reflected in the inclusiveness of the subsystem, that is, each subsystem is allowed to be stable, marginally stable or even unstable. Some sufficient conditions depending on the characteristics of system matrices and the time‐dependent switching signals are established, so as to guarantee the exponential stability of positive switched linear systems. In addition, the main result is extended to the case of time‐varying delay. At last, the superiority of the obtained results is well verified by numerical examples.
Community and Social Support
Authors: Lin Chichun , Hwahng Sel J.
Published: January 2024

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ or LGBTQ+ if the latter context includes other identities) individuals tend to experience high levels of minority stress, which might increase their mental health challenges. Especially for LGBTQ individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), they might additionally experience inadequate access to physical and mental health services, limited financial support, low levels of education, and limited capacity of their governments to solve the societal oppression of this population, which can aggravate minority stress. Social support can buffer the negative effects of minority stress and allow someone to feel cared for, loved, esteemed, valued, and as belonging in their communities. This chapter presents a general overview of social support LGBTQ people may receive from their parents, siblings, school peers, teachers, intimate partners, and colleagues. We also describe the benefits of specific communities of LGBTQ-identifying people, including those who identify as a nonbinary gender, intersex, or asexual/aromantic; those with interests in BDSM, leather, or polyamory lifestyles; people living with HIV; LGBTQ youth and seniors; and virtual and religious communities.
Single cell multi-omics of fibrotic kidney reveal epigenetic regulation of antioxidation and apoptosis within proximal tubule
Authors: Chen Zhejun , Ye Liqing , Zhu Minyan , Xia Cong , Fan Junfen , Chen Hongbo , Li Zhijian , Mou Shan
Published: January 2024

Background

Until now, there has been no particularly effective treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fibrosis is a common pathological change that exist in CKD.

Methods

To better understand the transcriptional dynamics in fibrotic kidney, we make use of single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) from GEO datasets and perform scRNA-seq of human biopsy to seek possible transcription factors (TFs) regulating target genes in the progress of kidney fibrosis across mouse and human kidneys.

Results

Our analysis has displayed chromatin accessibility, gene expression pattern and cell–cell communications at single-cell level in kidneys suffering from unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN). Using multimodal data, there exists epigenetic regulation producing less Sod1 and Sod2 mRNA within the proximal tubule which is hard to withstand oxidative stress during fibrosis. Meanwhile, a transcription factor Nfix promoting the apoptosis-related gene Ifi27 expression found by multimodal data was validated by an in vitro study. And the gene Ifi27 upregulated by in situ AAV injection within the kidney cortex aggravates kidney fibrosis.

Conclusions

In conclusion, as we know oxidation and apoptosis are traumatic factors during fibrosis, thus enhancing antioxidation and inhibiting the Nfix-Ifi27 pathway to inhibit apoptosis could be a potential treatment for kidney fibrosis.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Orthopädie
Authors: Mathis Dominic , Ackermann Jakob , Günther Daniel , Laky Brenda , Deichsel Adrian , Schüttler Karl Friedrich , Wafaisade Arasch , Eggeling Lena , Kopf Sebastian , Münch Lukas , Herbst Elmar
Published: January 2024

Wir befinden uns in einer Phase exponentiellen Wachstums bei der Nutzung von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI). Knapp 90 % der KI-Forschung in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie wurde in den letzten 3 Jahren veröffentlicht. In der Mehrzahl der Untersuchungen wurde KI zur Bildinterpretation oder als klinisches Entscheidungsinstrument eingesetzt. Die am häufigsten untersuchten Körperregionen waren dabei Wirbelsäule, Knie und Hüfte. Mit der Verbesserung der Datenerfassung verbessern sich auch die mit KI assoziierten Möglichkeiten einer genaueren Diagnostik, von patientenspezifischen Behandlungsansätzen, verbesserter Ergebnisvorhersage und erweiterter Ausbildung. KI bietet einen potenziellen Weg, um Ärztinnen und Ärzte zu unterstützen und gleichzeitig den Wert der Behandlung zu maximieren. Ein grundlegendes Verständnis dafür, was KI beinhaltet und wie sie sich auf die Orthopädie und die Patientenversorgung auswirken kann, ist unerlässlich. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendungsbereiche von KI-Systemen in der Orthopädie und stellt sie in den komplexen Gesamtkontext bestehend aus Interessensvertretern aus Politik, Industrie, Behörden und Medizin.
Local Well-Posedness of the Skew Mean Curvature Flow for Small Data in $$d\geqq 2$$ Dimensions
Authors: Huang Jiaxi , Tataru Daniel
Published: January 2024

The skew mean curvature flow is an evolution equation for d dimensional manifolds embedded in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d+2}$$

R

d
+
2

(or more generally, in a Riemannian manifold). It can be viewed as a Schrödinger analogue of the mean curvature flow, or alternatively as a quasilinear version of the Schrödinger Map equation. In an earlier paper, the authors introduced a harmonic/Coulomb gauge formulation of the problem, and used it to prove small data local well-posedness in dimensions $$d \geqq 4$$

d
≧
4

. In this article, we prove small data local well-posedness in low-regularity Sobolev spaces for the skew mean curvature flow in dimension $$d\geqq 2$$

d
≧
2

. This is achieved by introducing a new, heat gauge formulation of the equations, which turns out to be more robust in low dimensions.
Classical Yang–Baxter Equation, Lagrangian Multiforms and Ultralocal Integrable Hierarchies
Authors: Caudrelier Vincent , Stoppato Matteo , Vicedo Benoît
Published: January 2024

We cast the classical Yang–Baxter equation (CYBE) in a variational context for the first time, by relating it to the theory of Lagrangian multiforms, a framework designed to capture integrability in a variational fashion. This provides a significant connection between Lagrangian multiforms and the CYBE, one of the most fundamental concepts of integrable systems. This is achieved by introducing a generating Lagrangian multiform which depends on a skew-symmetric classical r-matrix with spectral parameters. The multiform Euler–Lagrange equations produce a generating Lax equation which yields a generating zero curvature equation. The CYBE plays a role at three levels: (1) it ensures the commutativity of the flows of the generating Lax equation; (2) it ensures that the generating zero curvature equation holds; (3) it implies the closure relation for the generating Lagrangian multiform. The specification of an integrable hierarchy is achieved by fixing certain data: a finite set $$S\subset \mathbb {C}P^1$$

S
⊂
C

P
1

, a Lie algebra $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
, a $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
-valued rational function with poles in S and an r-matrix. We show how our framework is able to generate a large class of ultralocal integrable hierarchies by providing several known and new examples pertaining to the rational or trigonometric class. These include the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur hierarchy, the sine-Gordon (sG) hierarchy and various hierarchies related to Zakharov–Mikhailov type models which contain the Faddeev–Reshetikhin (FR) model and recently introduced deformed Gross–Neveu models as particular cases. The versatility of our method is illustrated by showing how to couple integrable hierarchies together to create new examples of integrable field theories and their hierarchies. We provide two examples: the coupling of the nonlinear Schrödinger system to the FR model and the coupling of sG with the anisotropic FR model.
Variability of corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability for the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior across repeated measurements in people with and without incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Brangaccio J. A. , Phipps A. M. , Gemoets D. E. , Sniffen J. M. , Thompson Aiko K.
Published: January 2024

To adequately evaluate the corticospinal and spinal plasticity in health and disease, it is essential to understand whether and to what extent the corticospinal and spinal responses fluctuate systematically across multiple measurements. Thus, in this study, we examined the session-to-session variability of corticospinal excitability for the ankle dorsiflexor tibialis anterior (TA) in people with and without incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). In neurologically normal participants, the following measures were obtained across 4 days at the same time of day (N = 13) or 4 sessions over a 12-h period (N = 9, at 8:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 20:00): maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), maximum M-wave and H-reflex (Mmax and Hmax), motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, and silent period (SP) after MEP. In participants with chronic incomplete SCI (N = 17), the same measures were obtained across 4 days. We found no clear diurnal variation in the spinal and corticospinal excitability of the TA in individuals with no known neurological conditions, and no systematic changes in any experimental measures of spinal and corticospinal excitability across four measurement days in individuals with or without SCI. Overall, mean deviations across four sessions remained in a range of 5–13% for all measures in participants with or without SCI. The study shows the limited extent of non-systematic session-to-session variability in the TA corticospinal excitability in individuals with and without chronic incomplete SCI, supporting the utility of corticospinal and spinal excitability measures in mechanistic investigation of neuromodulation interventions. The information provided through this study may serve as the reference in evaluating corticospinal plasticity across multiple experimental sessions.
Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of neutropenic fever in patients with multiple myeloma receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide for stem cell mobilization
Authors: Hou Li-qiong , Liu Jun-Ru , Gu Jing-Li , Chen Mei-Lan , Kuang Li-Fen , Huang Bei-Hui , Zou Wai-yi , Li Juan
Published: January 2024

High-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-Cy) (3 g/m2) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a very effective regimen for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC apheresis results and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of NF associated with HD-Cy plus G-CSF for PBSC mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). First, patients were divided into NF ( +) and NF ( −) groups according to whether they suffered from NF during mobilization. Second, we divided patients into an antibiotic prophylaxis group and a nonantibiotic prophylaxis group according to whether antibiotic prophylaxis was used during the mobilization period. Our study showed that NF( +) patients (n = 44) had lower CD34 + cell dose collection (median 2.60 versus 5.34 × 106/kg, P < 0.001) and slower neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment (median 11 versus 10 days, P = 0.002, and median 13 versus 11 days, P = 0.043, respectively) than NF( −) patients (n = 234). Of note, the nonantibiotic prophylaxis group patients (n = 30) had a 26.7% incidence of NF. In the patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis (n = 227), the incidence was reduced to 9.3% (P = 0.01). The antibiotic prophylaxis patients had higher CD34 + cell collection (median 5.41 versus 2.27 × 106/kg, P < 0.001) and lower hospitalization cost of mobilization ($ median 3108.02 versus 3702.39, p = 0.012). Thus, our results demonstrate that NF is associated with lower CD34 + cell collection and that antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of NF and improve stem cell mobilization and collection outcomes, which reduces the hospitalization cost of mobilization.
Interacting with autistic virtual characters: intrapersonal synchrony of nonverbal behavior affects participants’ perception
Authors: Bloch Carola , Tepest Ralf , Koeroglu Sevim , Feikes Kyra , Jording Mathis , Vogeley Kai , Falter-Wagner Christine M.
Published: January 2024

Temporal coordination of communicative behavior is not only located between but also within interaction partners (e.g., gaze and gestures). This intrapersonal synchrony (IaPS) is assumed to constitute interpersonal alignment. Studies show systematic variations in IaPS in individuals with autism, which may affect the degree of interpersonal temporal coordination. In the current study, we reversed the approach and mapped the measured nonverbal behavior of interactants with and without ASD from a previous study onto virtual characters to study the effects of the differential IaPS on observers (N = 68), both with and without ASD (crossed design). During a communication task with both characters, who indicated targets with gaze and delayed pointing gestures, we measured response times, gaze behavior, and post hoc impression formation. Results show that character behavior indicative of ASD resulted in overall enlarged decoding times in observers and this effect was even pronounced in observers with ASD. A classification of observer’s gaze types indicated differentiated decoding strategies. Whereas non-autistic observers presented with a rather consistent eyes-focused strategy associated with efficient and fast responses, observers with ASD presented with highly variable decoding strategies. In contrast to communication efficiency, impression formation was not influenced by IaPS. The results underline the importance of timing differences in both production and perception processes during multimodal nonverbal communication in interactants with and without ASD. In essence, the current findings locate the manifestation of reduced reciprocity in autism not merely in the person, but in the interactional dynamics of dyads.
Lewis Caerleon and the equation of time: tabular astronomical practices in late fifteenth-century England
Authors: Miolo Laure , Zieme Stefan
Published: January 2024

The manuscripts and writings of the fifteenth-century astronomer and physician Lewis Caerleon (d.c.1495) have been largely overlooked. To fill this gap, this article focuses on his writings and working methods through a case study of his canons and table for the equation of time. In the first part, an account of his life and writings is given on the basis of new evidence. The context in which his work on the equation of time was produced is explored in detail by reviewing the three key periods of his scientific production. His heavy reliance on Simon Bredon’sCommentum super Almagestiis also analyzed. The article also provides editions of Lewis Caerleon’s canons for calculating his table for the equation of time and a critical edition of Simon Bredon’sCommentum super Almagesti,III, 22–24. In the second part of this article, we analyze the table for the equation of time derived by Lewis around 1485. In addition to the final table, there is a unique table with intermediate results that records every step of his derivation. By following and discussing the details of this derivation, we shed a new light on tabular practices in mathematical astronomy. Following Lewis in his historical mathematical procedure, we argue, offers a novel historiographical approach that allows us to identify different sources and practices used by historical actors. Therefore, beyond the exchange of parameters residing in modern mathematical analysis, this novel approach offers a promising refinement for the analysis of the transmission of knowledge across space, time, and culture.
Survival of dental implants and occurrence of mucosal overgrowth in patients with head and neck cancer treated with/without radiotherapy and mucosal graft—two-year follow-up
Authors: Mattila Viivi , Wilkman Tommy , Avellán Nina-Li , Mesimäki Karri , Furuholm Jussi , Ruokonen Hellevi , Nylund Karita
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The primary aim of the present study was to compare head and neck cancer treatment modality surgery and surgery with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy alone for dental implant (DI) survival. The second aim was to evaluate the prevalence of mucosal overgrowth around DI after treatment with or without mucosal grafts.

Materials and methods

An observational retrospective study consisted of 59 patients with malignant head and neck tumors that received DI between 2015 and 2019. Treatment modalities together with information on oral rehabilitation with DI, prevalence of mucosal overgrowth, and precursor lesions were gathered from the hospital records. Radiation doses were determined using a sum of three-dimensional dose distributions.

Results

Overall DI survival rate was 88%, in irritated jaw 89%, and in nonirradiated jaw 88% in this observational period (p = 0.415, mean follow-up was 2 years 10 months, range 9–82 months). Mucosal overgrowth was found in 42 of 196 implants (21%), of which 36 cases (86%) were associated in grafted areas (p < 0.001). Oral lichen planus/lichenoid reaction was diagnosed in 14 of all 59 (24%) oral cancer patients.

Conclusion

Implant survival was not significantly influenced by radiation therapy in this observational period. In grafted bone, implant survival was significantly inferior than in native bone. Mucosal overgrowth around implants was more common in mucosal grafted areas versus nongrafted.

Clinical relevance

This study demonstrates the impact of grafted bone to dental implant survival rate and mucosal overgrowth.
A molecular toolbox for fast and convenient diagnosis of emerging and reemerging bacterial pathogens causing fever of intermediate duration
Authors: Vega-García Elva , Palacios Génesis , Pérez José A. , Vélez-Tobarias Mónica , Torres-Vega Ana María , Ascaso-Terrén Carlos , Carmelo Emma
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Fever of intermediate duration (FID) is defined as a fever in the community without a specific origin or focus, with a duration between 7 and 28 days. FID is often caused by pathogens associated with animal contact or their arthropods parasites, such as ticks, fleas, or lice. The purpose of this work is to design a collection of molecular tools to promptly and accurately detect common bacterial pathogens causing FID, including bacteria belonging to genera Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia, as well as Coxiella burnetii.

Methods

Reference DNA sequences from a collection of Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia species were used to design genus-specific primers and FRET probes targeted to conserved genomic regions. For C. burnetii, primers previously described were used, in combination with a newly designed specific probe. Real-time PCR assays were optimized using reference bacterial genomic DNA in a background of human genomic DNA.

Results

The four real-time PCR assays can detect as few as ten copies of target DNA from those five genera of FDI-causing bacteria in a background of 300 ng of human genomic DNA, mimicking the low microbial load generally found in patient’s blood.

Conclusion

These assays constitute a fast and convenient “toolbox” that can be easily implemented in diagnostic laboratories to provide timely and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens that are typical etiological causes of febrile syndromes such as FID in humans.
The contemporary nexus of medicines security and bioprospecting: a future perspective for prioritizing the patient
Authors: Cordell Geoffrey A.
Published: January 2024

Reacting to the challenges presented by the evolving nexus of environmental change, defossilization, and diversified natural product bioprospecting is vitally important for advancing global healthcare and placing patient benefit as the most important consideration. This overview emphasizes the importance of natural and synthetic medicines security and proposes areas for global research action to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of sustainable natural medicines. Following a discussion of some contemporary factors influencing natural products, a rethinking of the paradigms in natural products research is presented in the interwoven contexts of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions and based on the optimization of the valuable assets of Earth. Following COP28, bioprospecting is necessary to seek new classes of bioactive metabolites and enzymes for chemoenzymatic synthesis. Focus is placed on those performance and practice modifications which, in a sustainable manner, establish the patient, and the maintenance of their prophylactic and treatment needs, as the priority. Forty initiatives for natural products in healthcare are offered for the patient and the practitioner promoting global action to address issues of sustainability, environmental change, defossilization, quality control, product consistency, and neglected diseases to assure that quality natural medicinal agents will be accessible for future generations.

Graphical Abstract
Microstructural and mechanical properties of electron beam welded super duplex stainless steel
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Hesse Ann-Christin , Kárpáti Viktor , Mertinger Valéria , Dilger Klaus
Published: January 2024

The electron beam welding of super duplex stainless steels is associated with challenges due to the concentrated heat input and the nitrogen loss that result in a predominantly ferritic structure after the solidification. This study presents an approach to overcome this issue by feeding nickel-based filler wire into the melt pool in welding of 2507 super duplex stainless steel. Results showed that the high-frequency beam oscillation combined with a multi-beam technique led a good mixing between the base metal and the filler wire, even at a large depth-to-width ratio. Additionally, the weld geometry was characterized by near-parallel fusion lines and a narrow heat-affected zone. The nickel addition resulted in a balanced microstructure in the weld metal with ferrite fractions of 35–55 %, despite a significant nitrogen loss, consequently leading to impact energy values of 215 ± 15 J and hardness values of 285 ± 15 HV. The findings of this investigation allow fabricators to effectively design electron beam welding processes for producing thick-walled super duplex stainless steel components.
University ‘Pay-for-grades’: the bait and switch search engine optimization strategies of contract cheating websites in the United States
Authors: Daly Timothy M. , Ryan James C.
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the first systematic investigation into the search engine optimization practices of major contract cheating websites in the United States. From a business perspective, visibility in organic search engine results is considered one of the top client recruitment tools. The current understanding of student recruitment strategies by these companies remains largely unexplored in both academic literature and popular press. Replicating the business research practices used in the search engine optimization industry, comprehensive search engine ranking and traffic data was obtained for the 38 largest contract cheating websites in the US. The overall objective was to illuminate the strategies that these companies take to get their services at the top of the search results of as many students as possible – not just the relatively small proportion of students actively cheating. The results show that these companies dominate the search results for not just students searching to cheat, but also for naïve search efforts, when students are simply doing genuine research or classwork. These nefarious companies use highly sophisticated search engine manipulation strategies to bait naïve student searchers onto their sites, thus enabling the potential to switch them to cheaters. Higher education institutions, armed with the specific details provided in this study, can use the strategies outlined in the discussion to directly and negatively impact on the success of these contract cheating services.