bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Квадрат Адамара и обобщeнное минимальное расстояние кода Рида-Маллера порядка 2
Authors: Chizhov Ivan Vladimirovich
Published: February 2023

Предложена новая техника анализа размерности квадрата Адамара (Шура) линейного кода, исправляющего ошибки. Обычно для этого применяется представление квадрата Адамара в виде образа некоторого линейного оператора, заданного на множестве квадратичных форм. В работе установлена связь размерности квадрата Адамара и ранга некоторой подматрицы порождающей матрицы кода, содержащего множество векторов-значений квадратичных форм. Таким образом, для изучения размерности квадрата Адамара можно использовать обширную теоретико-кодовую технику, а не подход с оценкой количества совместных нулей множества квадратичных форм. Это позволило установить не асимптотическую оценку вероятности того, что квадрат Адамара случайного линейного кода заполняет собой всe пространство. Оценка может быть использована в криптографическом анализе постквантовых кодовых криптосистем.
Стабилизатор геометрической прогрессии в общей метрике
Authors: Bogatyi Semeon Antonovich
Published: February 2023

На множестве геометрической прогрессии как подмножестве прямой рассматриваются так называемые нормированные метрики. Дано полное описание нормированных метрик с максимальным стабилизатором - группой всех целочисленных степеней знаменателя этой прогрессии. Ранее было известно, что указанная подгруппа является стабилизатором для наименьшей нормированной метрики (метрики из прямой) и наибольшей нормированной метрики (внутренней метрики, где все пути проходят через нулевую точку). Под стабилизатором метрического пространства понимается множество всех положительных чисел, умножение метрики на которые приводит к новому метрическому пространству на конечном расстоянии Громова-Хаусдорфа от первоначального.
Библиография: 5 названий.
Optimizing Rubber Products for the Automotive Industry Via Characterization of Compounds and Computer Modeling
Authors: Chouchaoui Ben
Published: February 2023

Trends in the automotive industry to develop better products, faster and at a lower cost create a need for simulation rather than testing prototypes. Modeling requires a laboratory to characterize rubber and high-end software to carry out nonlinear analysis typical to rubber applications (contact, large deformations and hyper-elastic material response).

This paper describes some tests on rubber necessary to building quasi-static models. It also presents several analytical studies WIDL completed on behalf of molders of rubber components for the automotive industry. Computer predictions were within 5% of test results in most cases presented.
Aviation Engineering: Navigating Through the Golden Years!
Authors:   OctonX /SAE ITC, Jozic Marijan
Published: February 2023

Marijan Jozic has been involved in avionics engineering and maintenance for over 40 years. He has held a variety of roles, from Test Equipment Calibration and Maintenance Engineer, Systems Engineer, to Product and Program Manager. In Aviation Engineering: Navigating Through the Golden Years, Marijan candidly shares his journey through the world of avionics. Covering the 40-year period between 1980 and 2020, he discusses his experiences, observations, challenges faced, obstacles overcome, and the lessons learned throughout his successful career, as he proudly carried the torch through a crucial time in the aviation industry. The insights provided on team building and leadership can be beneficial for any stage of a career path. "Who else could be most qualified to write a book about the golden years of aviation than Marijan Jozic? From the bowels of electromechanical instrumentation to the latest flight management computers, from the 'steam gauges' to LCD and Head Up displays, Marijan has seen, designed and managed their implementation. Thus then, who best to lead you in a journey through those golden years." Randolph Johnstone PhD, Former Boeing Associate Technical Fellow
Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938)
Authors: Fisher A.R.J.
Published: February 2023

Samuel Alexander was a leading British philosopher of the early twentieth century. Along with G.E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, he is responsible for the rise of realism in England against idealism, which was the dominant philosophy at the time. Alexander’s realism is put forth as a comprehensive metaphysical system most famously in Space, Time and Deity (1920). Alexander’s work was at the forefront of debate during his lifetime, but after his death his influence fell suddenly, mostly due to the rise of positivism and linguisticism.

Alexander posits spacetime as the fundamental stuff of things. Spacetime as a whole is one unified totality – consisting of motions – that encompasses all else. From this spatiotemporal basis he provides a theory of categories according to which categorial properties are features of spacetime. Variable, empirical qualities are emergent features that arise from complexities in groupings of motions having categorial properties. These empirical qualities form an emergent order: spacetime, matter, secondary qualities, vegetative life, mind, tertiary qualities such as truth, beauty, goodness, and eventually deity. God is spacetime as a whole driving towards the emergent quality of deity.
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772–1834)
Authors: Milnes Timothy
Published: February 2023

In addition to being one of the finest poets of the Romantic generation, Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) was a philosopher, theologian, and literary theorist whose work exerted a profound influence upon nineteenth-century thought in Britain and America. For John Stuart Mill, Coleridge’s cultural conservatism formed a necessary counterweight to the radical utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham; for Newman and the Oxford movement, his treatments of conscience and the Trinity in his philosophical theology were of immense significance, while for Ralph Waldo Emerson, Coleridge’s idealism reconceived the relationship between mind and nature in ways that would become fundamental to the American Transcendentalist movement. Coleridge borrowed freely (though not always transparently) from philosophical sources, especially German idealism, and his thought combines elements of transcendentalism, Platonism, and Christian theology.
Martineau, Harriet (1802–76)
Authors: Vetter Lisa
Published: February 2023

Harriet Martineau (1802–76), recognised as one of the founders of sociology, was one of the most prolific professional female writers in the nineteenth century. Martineau wrote over 2,000 articles in her lifetime, published over a dozen books on a wide range of topics, and earned sufficient income from her work to support herself financially. Her Illustrations of Political Economy (1832), which sought to make the complex ideas of Adam Smith, Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, James Mill, and John Stuart Mill more accessible to popular audiences, was enormously successful. In her three-volume study Society in America (1837) Martineau affirmed her commitment to abolitionism and support for early women’s rights. How to Observe: Morals and Manners (1838) contained an extended exploration of her method of observation. Her novel Deerbrook (1839) explored the complex interrelationships between individuals, households, and communities. The Hour and the Man (1841), based on the life of Toussaint L’Ouverture, leader of the Haitian Revolution, further reinforced her abolitionist views. Martineau’s translation and abridgment of Auguste Comte’s six-volume work Positive Philosophy (1853) provided another opportunity to fine-tune her own methodology. Seen largely as a ‘populariser’ of ideas espoused by more prominent thinkers, Martineau is increasingly recognised for her own philosophical and theoretical contributions.
History of materialism
Authors: Brown Robin Gordon , Ladyman James
Published: February 2023

Materialism is an ontological theory, that is, a theory about the kind of things that exist. In its simplest form, it can be understood to be making one claim that has two aspects. The claim is that only material things exist; this has, first, the positive aspect that material things exist, and second, the negative aspect that nothing else exists apart from material things. Thus existence is granted to sticks and stones, and denied to souls, spirits, heaven and hell, and the possibility of an afterlife.

Materialism, then, has a close connection with atheism, but it is important to distinguish materialism from atheism, for two different kinds of reason. First, many of the materialists in the ancient world believed in gods, which were for them not spiritual entities but rather constituted by matter like everything else. Second, there were philosophical traditions that denied the existence of any gods but which did believe in other spiritual entities like souls.

Materialism emerged in the first millennium bce in various parts of the world. In that period there were no sharp divisions between philosophy, science, and religion. Materialism was the principle alternative to religious conceptions of reality, its negative aspect having primary significance in this context.

From the difference between materialist and religious conceptions of reality there arose different approaches to epistemology and methodology. Whereas the religious worldview incorporated supernatural explanations of natural phenomena, materialism always looked for naturalistic explanations rather than, for example, those that referred to the supposed emotional states of the locally popular supernatural beings. Religious traditions commonly held sacred texts to be sources of knowledge, both about the world and about how people should live their lives. In contrast, materialist thinkers believed in the primary importance of the observation of nature through our sense organs in the search for knowledge of the world. With regard to morality, the early materialists such as Democritus and Epicurus thought people should seek pleasure and happiness in life, and that there were no grounds to fear retribution or punishment after death, and no reason to obey injunctions about behaviour based on religious beliefs (other than the often realistic fear of worldly retribution or punishment). Later materialist thought was not directly associated with any specific ethical perspective.
Hacking, Ian (1936–)
Authors: Reijula Samuli
Published: February 2023

Ian Hacking (born in 1936, Vancouver, British Columbia) is most well-known for his work in the philosophy of the natural and social sciences, but his contributions to philosophy are broad, spanning many areas and traditions. In his detailed case studies of the development of probabilistic and statistical reasoning, Hacking pioneered the naturalistic approach in the philosophy of science. Hacking’s research on social constructionism, transient mental illnesses, and the looping effect of the human kinds make use of historical materials to shed light on how developments in the social, medical, and behavioural sciences have shaped our contemporary conceptions of identity and agency. Hacking’s other contributions to philosophy include his work on the philosophy of mathematics (Hacking, 2014), philosophy of statistics, philosophy of logic, inductive logic (Hacking, 1965, 1979, 2001) and natural kinds (Hacking, 1991, 2007a).
Animals and ethics
Authors: DeGrazia David
Published: February 2023

Animal ethics is the study of ethical issues pertaining to human beings’ use of (nonhuman) animals. Its recently earned status as a significant area of academic inquiry (see, e.g. Beauchamp and Frey, 2011; Armstrong and Botsler, 2017) was propelled in part by the publication of Peter’s Singer’s Animal Liberation in 1975 and Tom Regan’s The Case for Animal Rights in 1983. A pivotal philosophical issue in animal ethics is how to understand animals’ moral status. The two most extensively researched topics in practical animal ethics concern the use of animals for food and their use in scientific research. Additional practical issues (which space constraints prevent the present article from exploring) include the ethics of confining animals in human homes, stalls, zoos, and aquaria; the use of animals for entertainment purposes in such venues as circus exhibits, rodeos, and horse races; and the harvesting of animals’ bodies for clothing. Because human use of animals is so deeply entrenched in traditions and everyday practices, impactful challenge of such usage has required the fulcrum of philosophical questioning – especially, questioning of common attitudes about animals’ moral status.
Self-respect
Authors: Stark Cynthia A.
Published: February 2023

Persons are said to respect themselves when they have an appropriate sense of their own worth either as persons generally or as individuals occupying particular roles. In respecting themselves as persons, people may recognise their worth as persons (‘recognition’ self-respect) or value the positive aspects of their character (‘evaluative’ or ‘appraisal’ self-respect). On the ‘subjective’ view of self-respect, persons have self-respect so long as they value themselves according to their own standards of worthiness. On the ‘objective’ view, there are certain attitudes or actions that show self-respect, regardless of whether the agents exhibiting them are conforming to their own standards. Self-respect plays a central role in the ethical philosophy of Kant and the political philosophy of Rawls. Kant maintains that persons have a duty to respect themselves, which consists in regarding themselves as equal in moral status to other persons. As this mode of self-regard can be compromised by oppression and by the demand for forgiveness, Kantians have debated the requirements of this duty in the case of individuals who are oppressed or have been wronged. Rawls holds that a just society must provide the social bases of self-respect for all citizens, for without self-respect, their lives are severely diminished. Rawlsians have developed this idea, connecting self-respect with particular practices or principles.
Technology and ethics
Authors: Miller Glen , Mitcham Carl
Published: February 2023

Research on ethics and technology investigates how technologies (human-made physical entities, often called tools or artifacts) directly or indirectly affect voluntary human behaviour. The scope of these studies ranges from the use of one tool in a defined practice to kinds of technologies, the systems they form, and to technology in general. Some studies are descriptive, others normative, and many are both. Descriptive areas of research include the production and use of technologies, behaviour in different technological settings (e.g. how a soldier’s weapons modify battlefield engagements, including willingness to engage), and the beliefs and motivations that people hold about their artifacts. They often incorporate anthropological, sociological, and psychological research on material culture. Normative areas of research explore the right ways to fabricate things, the morality of the production and use of technologies, the moral status of technological entities, and how technology should contribute to one’s understanding and pursuit of a meaningful life. What follows is an introductory overview of research in these areas as it has emerged especially since the mid-twentieth century.
Genetic modification
Authors: Newson Ainsley J. , Wrigley Anthony
Published: February 2023

Genetic modification in humans, non-human animals, and plants gives rise to a range of philosophical and ethical issues. There are a range of techniques and applications for genetic modification, but all are intended to change the genome within the cells of an organism. This poses problems to do with interfering with the natural, safety and risk considerations, impacts upon welfare and social justice, and determining whether genetic modification is needed or merely wanted. Within these broad areas, there are also particular issues regarding definitions of health and disease, employing a precautionary stance, and determining which perspectives are over- or under-estimated in debates.
Public health ethics
Authors: Giubilini Alberto
Published: February 2023

Public health ethics is the branch of bioethics that is concerned with behaviours and policies affecting not only (or even not primarily or not at all) the health of any single individual, but also (or even primarily or indeed exclusively) the health of third parties or of the collective.

Public health ethics is about ethical values and ethical principles that should inform individual behaviour as well as collective and institutional action. These are often necessary to achieve certain public health goals, such as herd immunity against certain infectious diseases, or slowing down antibiotic resistance, or containing certain diseases by isolating infected individuals, or preventing diseases resulting from lifestyle choices such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Thus, from a philosophical perspective, an important part of public health ethics concerns the mutual relationship between individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities for the health of the public.

Ethical values and principles that are relevant to public health ethics include, but are not limited to, promotion of overall wellbeing, individual liberties (e.g. in the form of parental autonomy), fairness, responsibility for health, and reciprocity. Tensions between these different values and principles give rise to some of the distinguishing questions of public health ethics, such as: what level of coercion may a state permissibly enforce to protect the health of the public? How should the burdens and benefits of public health promotion be distributed? Should individuals be compensated when they sacrifice some of their personal interests or rights for the sake of public health? Should responsibility for behaviours that are detrimental to one’s health or to public health affect allocation of scarce health resources?
The ethics of war
Authors: Frowe Helen
Published: February 2023

Philosophical work on the ethics of war is often labelled ‘just war theory’. Despite the label, there is no single accepted theory of when and how one can justifiably wage war. Rather, there is substantial disagreement amongst just war theorists about when and how wars may be fought. And, despite talk of ‘just’ wars, actual wars are, at best, justified rather than just. Many of the people who suffer harms in war have done nothing to lose their usual rights against being harmed. Whilst a person’s rights against harm can be justifiably infringed when doing so is necessary for avoiding a greater evil, it is still unjust that they suffer this harm (unlike, for example, if a person suffers a punishment that they deserve). When someone is justifiably made to suffer an unjust harm, they are plausibly owed compensation.

Most work on the ethics of war distinguishes between moral principles governing the justice of the war overall (jus ad bellum) and moral principles governing the conduct of war (jus in bello). Whilst there is broad consensus on at least some of the formal ad bellum and in bello criteria, there is considerable disagreement about their substantive content. For example, it is widely agreed that, to be justified, war must be a proportionate means of pursuing a just cause, but there is little disagreement about what counts as a just cause, and how to judge whether a degree of force is proportionate to that just cause.

Other disagreements concern our theoretical approaches to war – in particular, whether war is morally extraordinary, and thus cannot be judged by the moral rules that govern the use of force in other, more domestic contexts. Further key debates concern the relationship between jus ad bellum and jus in bello – for example, whether those whose war is ad bellum unjustified can satisfy the in bello conditions. This in turn bears on the moral standing of combatants who are fighting an ad bellum unjust war. There is also significant disagreement about the extent to which civilians are liable to attack in war.

Ethical issues that arise in the aftermath of war, such as reparations and punishment, fall within the scope of jus post bellum. Jus post bellum has three central concerns: (i) constraining the wrongdoing of victors, (ii) facilitating post-war reconstruction, and (iii) securing lasting peace.
Abortion, the ethics of
Authors: Manninen Bertha Alvarez
Published: February 2023

Is abortion – the ending of a pregnancy via the termination of foetal life – morally permissible? Philosophers, as well as non-philosophers, are torn. One pro-life argument is that taking any human life, including nascent human life, is morally wrong because all human life is sacred from its inception to its natural death. Some philosophers argue that fetuses are persons (see Persons), with the same moral and legal rights we, as persons, enjoy, because they are members of our kind – the species Homo sapiens. Some argue that it is morally relevant that fetuses have the potential to grow into humans with robust and morally significant cognitive traits, and that this potential grounds an interest in continued existence. Other philosophers argue that, regardless of where one stands on the issue of whether fetuses are persons, abortion is still morally wrong because it deprives the fetus of their valuable future.

Many pro-choice philosophers disagree. Some argue that fetuses are not persons, given their complete lack of cognition, and that their potential for personhood alone is not sufficient for bestowing upon them legal or moral rights. Yet even if we grant, for the sake of argument, that fetuses are persons with the same right to life as any other person, some philosophers argue that this alone is not sufficient for grounding a pro-life stance. This is because no person has a right to compel another to use their body for sustenance, even if their very lives depended on it. As such, fetuses, even if they are persons, have no right to use a woman’s body without her consent. All of these arguments will be explored in this entry.
Ethics of policing
Authors: Nathan Christopher
Published: February 2023

Policing is, historically, relatively new. Accordingly, the study of the proper norms governing the police is also a novel endeavour, especially in comparison with the study of the norms relating to other coercive practices like war and law. The ethics of policing can be disaggregated into two subcategories. The first concerns the conceptualisation and justification of policing. How are police properly understood? What are they for? On what terms is the institution of the police a justified institution? The second concerns specific issues. Should police be armed, and if so, on what terms are they to use their weapons? How should political protests be policed? What are the proper limits on the actions of undercover police? In what circumstances can police legitimately permit, cause, or commit crime with the goal of preventing further crime? When is it permissible for police to lie?

Clearly, one cannot attend to one of these two subcategories without touching upon the other. A theory of the function or justification of policing will have implications for matters of practical policy, and a view on practical matters will draw upon, reveal, or support a broader theory. In this article we will first look at the justification of policing in general before moving on to two more specific police practices: profiling and entrapment.
Depiction
Authors: Hopkins Robert
Published: February 2023

Article summary

How do pictures work? How are they able to represent what they do? A picture of a horse, for example, is a flat surface covered with marks, depicting a horse, perhaps chewing straw and standing on a hillock. The puzzle of depiction is to understand how the flat marks can do this.

Language poses a similar problem. A written description of a horse will also be a collection of marks on a flat surface, which nonetheless represent that animal. In the case of language the solution clearly has something to do with the arbitrary way we use those marks. The word ‘leg’, for example, is applied to legs, but any other mark would do as well, providing we all use it in the same way. In the case of pictures, however, something different seems to be going on. There is not the same freedom in producing a picture of a horse on a hillock chewing straw – the surface must be marked in the right way, a way we are not free to choose. So what is the right way?

A helpful thought is that the surface must be marked so as to let us experience it in a special way. With the description, we merely need to know what the words it contains are used to stand for. With the picture, we must instead be able to see a horse in it. However, although this does seem right, it is difficult to make clear. After all, we do not see a horse in the same way that we see a horse in a view from a window. For one thing, there is no horse there to be seen. For another, it is not even true that looking at the picture is like looking at a horse. It is partly because of the differences that, as we look at the picture, we are always aware that it is merely a collection of marks on a flat surface. So what is this special experience, seeing a horse in the picture? Answering this question is not the only way to offer a philosophical account of depiction, but it is perhaps the most promising.
Feminist epistemology
Authors: Janack Marianne
Published: February 2023

Feminist epistemology can take many forms: as a specialisation in the field of philosophy it addresses the question of how gender and the identity of knowers may be relevant to knowledge: to what counts as knowledge, justification, or true belief. In this guise, it can take the form of standpoint theory, coherentism, new versions of reliablism, epistemic virtue theory, or inquiries into epistemic injustice, the epistemology of testimony, or ignorance. But even as a subfield in philosophy, necessary (though maybe not sufficient) conditions for characterising particular approaches to epistemology as ‘feminist’ are: a) that it take into account the identity of knowers and b) that it challenge or reject the assumption that inquiries that begin with an abstract human subject in an abstract epistemic situation can be generalised to provide either norms for or descriptions of knowledge, justification, and belief formation.

But feminist epistemology is not simply a specialty in professional philosophy; it is a big tent inquiry. It knows no disciplinary boundaries, and reaches outside the academy, addressing concerns that arise not only as intellectual puzzles, but also in the lives of people who are not academics. Work (both theoretical and practical) done by people who are outside the field of professional philosophy draws on and addresses issues that relate to identity, knowledge, justice, persuasion, and social theory, which means that most feminist epistemology is not done as armchair investigations of abstract epistemic puzzles. It is more of an orientation to these areas of human experience than it is a set of theoretical commitments.

Feminist epistemology is a multidisciplinary orientation toward both feminist theory and theories of knowledge which takes as its starting point a commitment to investigating the realms of knowledge, gender, identity, and social hierarchies with a view to an analysis of how they might inform or reinforce each other. Like social epistemologies, feminist epistemologies attend to the ways in which social factors (such as judgments about the reliability or trustworthiness of others) enter into epistemic deliberations, but feminist approaches focus specifically on the ways in which identity categories and gender hierarchies underwrite, and are underwritten by, knowledge and knowing.
Epistemic defeaters
Authors: Piazza Tommaso
Published: February 2023

You reach for the bowl with ‘sugar’ written on it only to discover, from the bad taste of your coffee, that it contained salt. Mundane experiences like these show that epistemic justification does not necessarily hold stable across possible changes of information. One can be justified in believing a proposition at a certain time (that the bowl contains sugar) and cease to be justified at a later time, as one enlarges one’s epistemic perspective (as one drinks a salty coffee). When this happens, one’s justification has been defeated. An epistemic defeater, broadly speaking, is that in terms of which the defeat of justification proceeds.

The notion of an epistemic defeater is mostly associated with J. Pollock’s work on reasoning and inference. Pollock has provided the canonical definition of an epistemic defeater and proposed an influential taxonomy in terms of the way different types of defeaters induce their characteristic effects. The notion of an epistemic defeater has acquired a broader meaning in current epistemology, and several distinctions have been introduced that have contributed to a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon of defeat as well as to complement Pollock’s original taxonomy.

The correlated notion of a propositional defeater, defined in terms of would-be defeat of justification, is appealed to by the proponents of the defeasibility theory in the parallel debate about knowledge to explain what prevents a justified true belief from constituting knowledge in Gettier cases.
Geleneksel Kültürün Doğal Miras Alanlarının Korunması ve Sürdürülebilirliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Çerkes Kültürü Örneği
Authors: AKÇA Saniye
Published: February 2023

Doğal miras, yeryüzünün sahip olduğu, korunması gereken fiziki ve biyolojik değerlerdir. Doğal miras, kültürel boyutu olan doğal sitleri, kültürel peyzajı, fiziki ve biyolojik değerleri kapsar. Geleneksel kültür ve yaşam toplumlarda doğaya saygıyı ve korumayı benimsetmektedir. Geçmişten günümüze kadar geleneklerin insan ve çevre üzerindeki etkisini görmek mümkündür. Bunlardan birisi de geleneklerin doğa koruma üzerindeki etkisidir. Gelenekler ve geleneksel öğretiler doğaya saygıyı benimsetiyorsa, o toplumda doğayı koruma kültürü de oluşmuş demektir. Geleneklerine bağlı olan Çerkes toplumu da kutsal mekân olarak gördükleri doğal alanlara yüzyıllar boyunca saygı duymuş ve onları korumuştur. Doğanın korunmasına yönelik gelenekler, yüzyıllar boyunca Çerkeslerin hayatlarının her alanında kendini göstermiş ve bunu bir yaşam biçimi olarak benimsemişlerdir. Fakat 19. yüzyıldan itibaren başlayan savaşlar ve devlet politikaları ile birlikte Çerkesler yaşadıkları topraklar üzerindeki haklarını kaybetmişlerdir. Bu da doğal miras alanları üzerindeki koruma ve geliştirme kültürlerini kaybetmelerine neden olmuştur. Çerkeslerin ana yurdu olan Kuzey Kafkasya bölgesindeki devlet politikaları ile birlikte değişen nüfus yapısı, doğal miras alanlarına da yansımıştır. Yerel halkın ve geleneksel kültürünün bölge üzerindeki etkisini kaybetmesiyle doğal miras kapsamındaki kutsal ormanlar, korular, bahçeler ve özel tarım sisteminin bulunduğu alanlar büyük ölçüde yok olmuştur.
Innovations in Education: Moral Education, Social Cohesion, and Culture diplomacy
Authors: Chong Eric King-man
Published: February 2023

This special issue contains three interesting articles which provide some innovating teaching experiences across different East Asian societies. They have presented some salient educational issues across different societies in this East Asia, which can possibly provide some references for other societies when they embark on educational reforms. This collection of papers further upfront recent issues such as moral education, community participation for social cohesions, and using educational institutes to promote culture as soft power.
An Ethnographic Case Study of Secondary School’s Moral Education in a Mainland City of the Greater Bay Area
Authors: Wang Leihu
Published: February 2023

Chinese moral education is a much broader concept and is heavily criticized for being overly politicized and indoctrinated. The Greater Bay Area (GBA) initiative upholds the people-centered development philosophy in education. This study aims to investigate the school-level implementation in Shenzhen, one of the GBA cities, and teachers' perspectives to determine the facilitating and inhibiting factors across different layers in the student-centered ecological systems of students’ moral development.  A two-year-long ethnographic case study was conducted in the case school based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The study participants consisted of 18 teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the participants' perceptions. The study findings revealed that the facilitating factors include clear guidelines on the national level, cooperative teachers, and ambitious principals with a consciousness of visions and responsibilities for moral education. Meanwhile, Shenzhen has the potential to be the pioneer of moral education reformation. However, the rigid content in the textbooks and the stuffy school culture hinder the success of moral education at the school level. The lack of communication and mutual understanding contributes to the splintered and emotionally exhaustive experience of moral education teachers. More efficient and measurable strategies should be used to uphold a tight alliance across different layers. Future research should examine alternative moral education models, decision-making processes, Chinese school management style, and the specific appliance of the ecological systems theory in the unique Chinese educational context.
Creating a Culture of Social Cohesion: Case Studies of Community Participation Projects at Japanese and Hong Kong Elementary Schools
Authors: Chong Eric King-man , Tsubota Masumi
Published: February 2023

This article compares two learning units developed by elementary schools in Japan and Hong Kong to engage students in learning about and taking action to promote social cohesion through community participation. We choose two similar learning units for comparison, both focusing on issues related to older people in the community. Based on our analysis of their activity design and practices, we outline five directions for educational practitioners interested in promoting community participation for social cohesion in Hong Kong and Japan: practicing service-learning, promoting social cohesion, learning authentic skills, integrating community participation into the curriculum, and helping students become active members of society. This paper argues for the importance of developing such learning units to foster young citizens’ contribution to their communities in post-industrial, ageing societies.
Hemotherapy support in HSCT
Authors: De Lima Prata Karen , Tieme Kondo Andrea , Miranda de Souza Aline , Marcele da Costa Lira Sanny , Alice Feitosa Ribeiro Andreza
Published: February 2023

Hemotherapy support is essential for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). In this article, we highlight the main points published in the 2020 SBTMO consensus and provide a brief update on the topic.
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Authors: Duarte Fernando Barroso , Karine Sampaio Nunes Barroso  , Roberto Luiz da Silva  , Lívia Andrade Gurgel  , João Paulo de Vasconcelos Leitão  , Beatriz Stela Gomes de Souza Pitombeira  , Rodolfo Daniel de Almeida Soares  , Leandro de Pádua  , Gustavo Betarello
Published: February 2023

The document discuss key points in the management of patients with Myelodysplastic Disease, including therapeutic strategies, the role of new drugs available as well the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Other issues evaluated were importance of molecular alterations since diagnosis to prognosis, use of comprehensive geriatric assessment for  patient's selection, individualization of treatment, donor selection for HSCT and the role of  blasts % and molecular mutations for the appropriate diagnosis.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Silla Lucia Mariano da Rocha , Ikoma-Colturato Maura Rosane Valeria , Funke Vaneuza Araujo , Pitombeira Beatriz Stela Gomes de Souza , Paton Eduardo Jose de Alencar , Hamerschlak Nelson , Arantes Adriano , Astigarraga Claudia , Barroso Karine Sampaio Nunes , Beltrame Miriam Perligeiro , Bettarelo Gustavo , Campregher Paulo , Furtado Felipe Magalhaes , Souto Elisabeth Xisto , Torres Margareth Afonso , Duarte Fernando Barroso
Published: February 2023

This summary is intended to update the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SBTMO) 2020/1 consensus on HSCT for Acute Myeloid leukemia (AML).
Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation (SBTMO) Consensus on Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Colella Marcos Paulo , Vaz de Macedo Antonio , Machado Teixeira Gustavo , Feitosa Ribeiro Andreza Alice , Vigorito Afonso Celso , Araújo Moreira Funke Vaneuza
Published: February 2023

Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms are an important indication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. This consensus summarizes the indications and management of these onco-hematological diseases.
PENDAMPINGAN SOSIALISASI PERSYARATAN VERIFIKASI TATANAN KEHIDUPAN ERA BARU HOMESTAY DI DESA WISATA BONGAN, BALI
Authors: Lumanauw Nelsye , Agustini I Gusti Ayu Ari
Published: February 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah berbagai lini kehidupan, termasuk desa wisata sebagai destinasi alternatif dan dianggap destinasi yang aman. Situasi saat ini harus dimanfaatkan oleh desa untuk menggali potensi wisata dan menyiapkan produk wisata dengan fasilitas protokol kesehatan era baru. Desa Bongan memiliki aset wisata berupa produk wisata, salah satunya adalah homestay. Pentingnya keselamatan wisatawan selama menginap menjadi alasan utama homestay menerapkan protokol kesehatan berupa sertifikat tatanan kehidupan era baru. Namun, untuk mendapatkan sertifikat, pemilik harus memenuhi persyaratan verifikasi. Pelaksanaan PKM homestay menggunakan metode pendampingan. Pendampingan tim dosen PIB terkait persyaratan verifikasi menuju era baru bagi homestay terlaksana dengan baik. Pemilik homestay memahami pentingnya sertifikasi era baru dan proses untuk memenuhi semua persyaratan verifikasi. Pencapaian tersebut merupakan target PIB dalam mendampingi homestay di Desa Bongan.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA MELALUI PROGRAM KULIAH KERJA NYATA (KKN) DI DESA WISATA MUNGGU
Authors: Ni Nyoman Arini  , Ni Wayan Mekarini
Published: February 2023

Desa Wisata Munggu merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang menjadi lokasi kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Universitas Triatma Mulya, 2022. KKN merupakan salah satu pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Artikel ini menganalisis tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dalam pengembangan desa wisata melalui program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) di Desa Wisata Munggu. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui kegiatan KKN di Desa Wisata Munggu diarahkan pada pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dalam pengembangan desa wisata dengan pola peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia di bidang perhotelan dan pariwisata. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan webinar edukasi. Kegiatan pengabdian di Desa Wisata Munggu menunjukkan bahwa enam program telah dilaksanakan dengan baik terkait pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal dalam pengembangan Desa Wisata Munggu melalui kegiatan KKN. Program tersebut terdiri dari sosialisasi penerapan protokol kesehatan bagi masyarakat lokal, pelatihan kepemanduan di Era New Normal, sosialisasi terkait penerapan protokol kesehatan berbasis CHSE pada housekeeping department, sosialisasi dan pelatihan penyajian breakfast, sosialisasi dan pelatihan English for service, serta webinar edukasi dengan tema English is easy to learn.
A Gout Flare Caused by the Administration of Platelet Rich Plasma: A Clinical Case
Authors: Todorov Plamen
Published: February 2023

The therapy with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) administered in degenerated or injured musculoskeletal tissues is a new and promising regenerative treatment option. Traditionally, it is considered that as PRP represents an autologous (to the patient) blood product, the potential for serious side effects is neglectable. Consequently, it is important that any significant negative consequences are well described. We present a fifty-five years old male patient, complaining of pain and stiffness in his right ankle joint due to multiple traumas during his earlier sport career. He had no any contraindications and PRP was injected intraarticularly under ultrasound guidance. On the next day, the patient developed an intensive pain and swelling in the regions of the right ankle and the dorsum of the right foot. The acute phase reactants were elevated and there was no leukocytosis. On ultrasound examination, there was an effusion in the tibiotalar and talonavicular joints. Arthrocentesis was performed and the microscopic examination revealed the typical needle shaped monosodium urate crystals inside the joint fluid and no bacteria. Consequently, the diagnosis of acute gouty flare was made (the patient has a history of gout, but did not have any flares in the past two years). As PRP concentrate contains naturally many proinflammatory molecules, we speculate that some of them may activate the macrophages that residue normally in the synovium and the capsule of the injected joint. The activated macrophages further may react to the MSU crystals deposited there, leading to the development of a gouty flare. In conclusion, the possibility of a flare should be explained to gouty patients, candidate for PRP treatment.
Clinical Cases Seen in Tsunami Hit Banda Aceh – From a Primary Health Care Perspective
Authors: Fan SW
Published: February 2023

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami caused catastrophic damage to many cities on the rim of the Indian Ocean. Banda Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia was particularly badly hit due to its close proximity to the epicenter. The Singapore Armed Forces Medical Team was one of the earliest medical teams to arrive in Banda Aceh, providing primary health care to the survivors. In the first 17 days of its operation, more than 2000 injured and sick were seen by the Medical Team at 2 locations within Banda Aceh. Approximately one-third of the patients suffered from infected superficial wounds on their limbs and faces. Many developed deep-seated necrosis of the skin tissue, requiring repeated wound dressing and debridement. Another one-third suffered from respiratory tract infection, some due to aspiration of sea water. There were relatively few major trauma and fracture cases seen, and there were a few cases of compression barotrauma of the tympanic membranes resulting from underwater immersion in the sea water. The casualty patterns seem consistent with those reported in other tsunami disasters, which differ distinctly from those seen in a pure earthquake disaster.

Key words: Earthquakes, Relief Work, Sumatra
Public Healthcare – Welfare, Market Share or Laissez-faire? – A Sentosa Carlsberg Skytower View
Authors: Toh Han-Chong
Published: February 2023

How much the Government should provide for its people in sickness and in health, till death do us part, is open to different interpretation in different societies. One of the great paradoxes is that welfare states with high taxation can be globally competitive, innovative, successful market economies, and still provide quality universal healthcare. The Nordic countries, classical welfare states, have achieved top global ranking in economic competitiveness. Denmark’s people are the most satisfied with their healthcare in the world, and the world’s fourth most responsive healthcare system. This paper examines some of the factors that have made Denmark a successful, open and civil society that provides free-access healthcare to all of its people. Key words: Denmark, Free access health system, Work-life balance
Does the Advent of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Sound the Death Knell for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)?
Authors: Mesenas Steven J
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been the premier diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedure in the management of pancreatic and biliary diseases (PBD). The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), including EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), of pancreatic and biliary tumours has become more widely available in the last decade and has gradually replaced diagnostic ERCP. Together with EUS, other imaging modalities like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) have resulted in a decrease in the number of ERCPs. With the advent of interventional EUS, ERCP is at risk of being completely eclipsed.

Methods: A search of all relevant articles on EUS and ERCP from Medline and peer-reviewed journals.
Results: This review article examines the exact place of ERCP and EUS and their relative contributions in the management algorithm of PBD.
Conclusion: Although diagnostic EUS, including EUS-guided FNA, is well established in the evaluation of PBD, interventional EUS is still in its infancy and its true potential is unknown. Therefore, therapeutic ERCP still has a vital, albeit smaller role to play in the treatment of pancreatic and biliary diseases.

Key words: Biliary diseases, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Endosonography, Pancreatic
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-induced Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Levy Richard L , Miller Neil R
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RON) is an infrequent but devastating consequence of radiation exposure to the visual pathways, usually following months to years after the treatment of paranasal or intracranial tumours. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is one of several therapies that have been tried for this condition. The purpose of this review is to describe the clinical characteristics of RON, the rationale for the use of HBO in this condition, and the available clinical data on its safety and efficacy.

Methods: MEDLINE searches were performed on radiation optic neuropathy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and similar terms, and selected references were reviewed. The results were combined with the experience at our own institution.
Results: RON typically follows a fulminant course with characteristic symptoms, examination findings, and imaging. The threshold for prior radiation exposure depends upon the delivery system used and patient characteristics. Therapy with anticoagulants or steroids has been unsuccessful. While there are case reports in the literature of successful treatment with HBO, therapy with HBO has to be initiated soon after the onset of vision loss, and even then yields variable results at best.
Conclusions: There is still no consistently successful treatment for RON. HBO may be attempted in selected cases, but the prognosis for preservation of vision remains grim.

Key words: Optic chiasm, Optic nerve, Radionecrosis, Radiotherapy, Vision loss