bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Proximal Small Intestinal Microbiota in Patients With Suspected Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shin Andrea S. , Gao Xiang , Bohm Matthew , Lin Huaiying , Gupta Anita , Nelson David E. , Toh Evelyn , Teagarden Sean , Siwiec Robert , Dong Qunfeng , Wo John M.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The composition of the small intestinal microbiota has not yet been characterized thoroughly using culture-independent techniques. We compared small intestinal microbial communities in patients with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) using culture-dependent and culture-independent bacterial identification approaches.

METHODS:

Small bowel aspirate and mucosal samples were collected from patients with suspected SIBO. The aspirates were cultured to diagnose SIBO, defined as ≥104 colony-forming units/mL coliform or ≥105 colony-forming units/mL upper aerodigestive tract bacteria. Bacteria in the aspirates and mucosa were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We compared small intestinal microbiome composition between groups with and without a culture-based SIBO diagnosis.

RESULTS:

Analysis of the aspirate and mucosal microbial communities from 36 patients revealed decreased α-diversity but no differences in β-diversity in patients with SIBO compared with those without SIBO. There were no significant differences in the relative abundance of individual taxa from the aspirates or mucosa after adjustment for false discovery rate between patients with and without SIBO. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in mucosal β-diversity between the coliform and upper aerodigestive tract subgroups. Relative abundances of a mucosal Clostridium spp. (P = 0.05) and an aspirate Granulicatella spp. (P = 0.02) were higher in coliform SIBO vs non-SIBO subgroups. The microbial composition and relative abundance of multiple taxa significantly differed in the mucosal and aspirate specimens.

DISCUSSION:

Culture-based results of small bowel aspirates do not correspond to aspirate microbiota composition but may be associated with species richness of the mucosal microbiota.
Cognition On Tap
Authors: Steinhoff James
Published: August 2019

The thriving contemporary form of artificial intelligence (AI) called machine learning is often represented sensationally in popular media as a semi-mystical technology. Machine learning systems are frequently ascribed anthropomorphic capacities for learning, emoting and reasoning which, it is suggested, might lead to the alleviation of humanity’s woes. One critical reaction to such sensational proclamations has been to focus on the mundane reality of contemporary machine learning as mere inductive prediction based on statistical generalizations, albeit with surprisingly powerful abilities (Pasquinelli 2017). While the deflationist reaction is a necessary reply to sensationalist agitation, adequate comprehension of modern AI cannot be achieved while neglecting its material and social context. One does not have to subscribe wholeheartedly to the social construction of technology thesis1 to allow that the development and evolution of technologies are influenced by social factors. For AI, the most important aspect of the current social context is arguably capital, which increasingly dominates AI research and production. One former computer science professor describes a “giant sucking sound of [AI] academics going into industry” (Metz 2017). This paper introduces capital’s theory of AI as utility and initiates a discussion on its social consequences. First, I discuss utilities and their infrastructures and introduce a few critical thoughts on the topic. Second, I situate modern AI by way of a brief history. Third, I detail capital’s view of AI as a utility and the technical details underpinning it. Fourth, I sketch how AI as a utility frames a social problematic beyond the important issues of algorithmic bias and the automation of work. I do so by extrapolating from one consequence of AI as a utility which multiple capitalist firms predict: the curation of human subjectivities.
Princípios e possibilidades da formação docente na perspectiva do trabalho coletivo
Authors: Brito Karina Daniela Mazzaro de , Araujo Elaine Sampaio
Published: August 2019

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa de Mestrado sobre o processo de significação docente de professoras da educação básica em situação de formação contínua, desenvolvida por meio da parceria entre a universidade e Secretaria de Educação de um município do interior paulista. O estudo fundamentou-se na teoria histórico-cultural e desenvolveu-se mediante o método do materialismo histórico e dialético, envolvendo a formadora, as professoras de educação infantil e dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. O objetivo desta discussão é apontar princípios e possibilidades de formação continuada que possam contribuir para a atribuição de significação docente.
"Ser professora”
Authors: Pessoa Camila Turati
Published: August 2019

O estudo do sentido pessoal atribuído à atividade docente pelo professor do Ensino Básico foi o objetivo principal da pesquisa realizada e apresentada neste resumo. Partimos do referencial teórico-metodológico da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural com as contribuições em especial de Lev S. Vigotski (1934/2001) na obra A contrução do pensamento e da linguagem e nas obras de A. Leontiev (1975/1978, 1975/1983) O desenvolvimento do psiquismo e Atividade, Consciência e Personalidade. Nesse caminho, nos voltamos ao estudo de como o desenvolvimento da atividade docente é constituído a partir do sentido pessoal que se elabora sobre as ações de ensino realizadas. É necessário nos debruçarmos em quais são os sentidos que o professor atribui à sua atividade, pois é a partir deles que se elabora a atividade de ensino e, consequentemente, são trabalhados os conteúdos escolares - e ainda incidirá sobre os sentidos que serão constituídos pelos alunos ao se apropriarem de tais conhecimentos.
IMF İstikrar Politikaları ve Stand-By Anlaşmalarını Gerekli Kılan Nedenler Açısından Türkiye IMF İlişkileri
Authors: İNAN Mahmut
Published: August 2019

Küreselleşme süreci ile birlikte gelişmiş ülkeler gelişmekte olan
ülkeler üzerindeki baskılarını artırarak ilgili ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal
politikalarına doğrudan yön verebilme imkanına sahip olmuşlardır. Genel
çerçevesi genellikle gelişmiş ülkeler tarafından belirlenen söz konusu
politikaların uygulanmasında bir takım küresel kuruluşlar etkili olmaktadır. Kapsamı
ve etkileri  bakımından belki de söz
konusu kuruluşlardan en önemlisi iktisadi
ve mali bir form ve içerikle şekillenen IMF’dir. Özellikle
gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomi politikalarının güven sorunu yaşaması, makro
ekonomik göstergelerdeki bozulmalar, yapısal sorunların derinleşmesi ve tüm bu
sorunların borçları ve dış dengeyi sürdürülemez hale getirmesi söz konusu
ülkeler için IMF ile bir işbirliğini kaçınılmaz hale getirmektedir. IMF ise ilgili
ülkelere ekonomik istikrarsızlıkların giderilmesinde yardım ve desteklerde
bulunurken bazı kriterlerin yerine getirilmesini şart koşmaktadır. Bu şartlar
ise Stand-by anlaşmaları çerçevesinde yapılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin 1961 yılında ilk
Stand-by anlaşması ile başlayan IMF ilişkileri 2005 yılında son Stand-by
anlaşması ve 2015 yılında borçların bitirilmesi ile sona ermiştir.
Kahramanmaraş İli Sosyal Yardım Yönetimi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: CEREN Adem , ERDEM Tevfik
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ilinde kamu
kurumları ve sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK) tarafından yürütülmekte olan sosyal
yardım faaliyetlerinin işleyişi incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın genel amacı; mevcut
sosyal yardımların kentte yaşayan ihtiyaç sahibi bireylerin taleplerine ne
kadar cevap verdiğini ve bu yardımların ihtiyaç sahibi bireyler tarafından
nasıl algılandığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada sosyal yardım çalışanları ve
sosyal yardım faydalanıcılarıyla yapılan anketlerle ve mülakatlarla veri
toplanmıştır. Çalışmada yürütülen sosyal yardımların türüne ve miktarına
ilişkin bilgi verilmiş, yardımların ihtiyaçları ne ölçüde karşıladığı tespit
edilmiş, Kahramanmaraş’ta yoksulluğu besleyen sebepler sıralanmış, yardımların
bireysel tutum ve davranışa olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Kamu kurumları ve
STK’lar tarafından yürütülen sosyal yardım yönetimine ilişkin bireysel,
yönetsel ve bürokratik birtakım sorunların olduğu; sosyal yardım faydalanıcılarına
göre, kamu kurumları tarafından sosyal yardım faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinin
daha faydalı olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sosyal yardım çalışanları ve sosyal
yardım faydalanıcıları arasında yardım miktarının yeterliliği başta olmak
üzere, sosyal yardım alma gerekçesine ve yardımların gerçek anlamda ihtiyaç
sahiplerine verilip verilmediği hususlarına ilişkin derin görüş ayrılıkları
olduğu da görülmüştür.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MATEMATİK ODAKLI AKADEMİK RİSK ALMA DAVRANIŞLARINA İLİŞKİN ALGILARININ CİNSİYET, SINIF DÜZEYİ, ÜSTBİLİŞ VE TUTUM DEĞİŞKENLERİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AÇIKGÜL Kübra , ŞAHİN Kübra
Published: August 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematik odaklı akademik risk alma
davranışlarına ilişkin algı düzeylerini belirlemek ve cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi
değişkenleri açısından incelemektir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin matematiksel
metabilişsel farkındalık ve matematik tutum düzeylerinin matematik odaklı
akademik risk alma davranışlarına ilişkin algı düzeylerini ne derece yordadığı
araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırma, betimsel tarama ve ilişkisel modeller (nedensel
karşılaştırma ve korelasyonel) kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma grubu 380
ortaokul öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu,
Matematiksel Üst Biliş Farkındalık Ölçeği, Matematiğe Karşı Tutum Ölçeği ve Matematik
Odaklı Akademik Risk Alma Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda cinsiyet
ve sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, sonuçlar öğrencilerin matematiksel üstbilişsel farkındalık
puanları ve matematik puanlarına yönelik tutumlarının akademik risk alma
davranışına ilişkin algı puanlarının anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğunu
göstermiştir.
Şeyh Cemâleddin’in Vefatı Üzerine Yeniceli Sıdkî Baba’nın Yazmış Olduğu Şiirler
Authors: Demirel Şener , KÖKÇÜ Yelda
Published: August 2019

Eski
Türk şiirinde sagu, Klasik Türk edebiyatında mersiye ve Türk Halk şiirinde ise
ağıt olarak nitelenen şiirler, çoğunlukla ölen bir kişinin ardından onun
yokluğuna duyulan üzüntü ve acıları, onun iyilik, kahramanlık ve cömertlik gibi
çeşitli meziyetlerini anlatan şiirlerdir. Türk
şiir tarihinde ölen bir kişi için aynı kişi tarafından söylenmiş 76 şiir yok
denecek kadar azdır. Alevî-Bektaşî Edebiyatının önde gelen şahsiyetlerinden
biri olan Yeniceli Sıdkî Baba, şeyhi Şeyh Cemâledin Efendi’nin vefatı üzerine
duygularını birbirinden farklı 76 şiirde dile getirmiştir. Sanatçı söz konusu
şiirlerin 18’inde Sıdkî mahlasını kullanmış; geri kalan şiirleri ise çeşitli
kişiler ağzından söylemiştir. Doküman incelemesi
yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada şiirler önce biçim açısından incelenmiş;
daha sonra ise içerik incelemesi bağlamında Sıdkî Baba’nın gözünden Şeyh
Cemâleddin Efendi’nin vefatının hangi tasavvurlara konu edinildiği
araştırılmıştır.
Adıyaman İli ve Yöresi Ağızlarında Fiil Kiplerinin Kullanımı
Authors: YAVUZ Serdar , TABCU Haki
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada, Adıyaman İli ve Yöresi Ağızları adlı eserden yola çıkılarak yöre ağzında basit ve birleşik zamanlı fiil kiplerinin kullanımı ve kip eklerinin standart Türkçeden farklı şekilleri örneklerle ortaya konmuştur.  Ayrıca eserde bulunan 109 adet derleme metni incelenerek her metnin ilgili bölümleri “Anılar”, “Kişisel Bilgiler”, “Gelenek ve Görenekler”, “Yeme İçme Kültürü”, “Sosyal Hayat ve Gündelik Yaşam”, “Geçim Kaynakları”, “Masal, Hikaye ve Evliyalar” başlıkları altında gruplanmıştır. Bu grupların her birinde fiil kiplerinin kullanım sıklıkları sayısal olarak belirlenmiş ve istatistikler sekiz adet tabloda yüzdelik olarak ortaya konmuştur. Bu şekilde konu-fiil kipi ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkçe fiil kiplerinin Adıyaman yöresinde hangi şekillerde kullanıldığı ve bu kiplerin derleme konularıyla anlamsal ilişkileri belirlenmiştir.
Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna Romanında Aşk ve Savaş Söyleminden Parçalar
Authors: ÇAKMAKCI Selami
Published: August 2019

Buket Uzuner, Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna romanında Türkiye’nin yakın geçmişindeki çıkmazlardan olan
toplumsal çatışmaları konu alır. Tuna ve sevdiği kız Ada etrafında şekillenen eserde, insanın en büyük savaşının kendi iç dünyasındaki savaş
olduğu dikkati çeker. Toplumsal
kırılmalar, ölümler ve aşk ilişkilerindeki hayal kırıklıklarının birbirini
takip ettiği romanda, birçok kahraman toplumsal iç savaşla birlikte ruhsal bir
savaş da yaşar. Roman, başkişi Tuna’nın ruhsal savaşı olarak
metne yansımış olsa da birçok kahraman iç dünyasında kendisiyle, dış dünyada
ise toplumla savaş halindedir. Romanda
aşk, toplumsal gerginlikler sırasında birçok insan için
en büyük nefes alma imkânıdır. Romandaki birçok karakter, kültürel ve toplumsal
çatışmalarından, önyargılarından aşkın verdiği imkânla kurtulur. Romanda aşk ve
savaş konusunda, söylem düzeyinde güçlü parçalar metne büyük zenginlik katar.
Atebetü’l-Hakayık’da Yer Alan Bilgi ve Konuşma Âdâbı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: İNCE Ömer
Published: August 2019

Karahanlı
Dönemi Türkçesi eserlerinden biri olan Atabetü’l-Hakayık yalnızca Türk
Edebiyatı tarihi bakımından değil, aynı zamanda Türk sosyo-kültürel hayatı,
Türk dil ve kültür arkeolojisi açısından da önemli bir kaynaktır. Karahanlılar
(840-1212) döneminde Edib Ahmed b. Yüknekî tarafından yazılmış olan eser,
“Muhammed İspehsâlar Beg” namına yazılmış ve kendisine sunulmuştur. Bu eser
İslâmiyet sonrası Türk dili ve edebiyatının ilk eserlerinden biri olup edebiyat
tarihinin didaktik eserlerindendir. Eser aynı zamanda İslâmın kabulünden sonra
toplumsal hayatta gözlenen Sosyo-kültürel değişimin yanında değişen edebî dilin
esere yansımasını göstermesi açısından da önemlidir.  Kutadgu Bilig’de dikkat çeken millî
karakterin, bu eserde dinî bir karaktere bürünerek devam ettiği görülür.  Eseri sözcük hazinesi olarak ele aldığımızda
kendinden önce yazılan Kutadgu Biligden daha fazla Arapça ve Farsça sözcük
içerdiği görülür. Bunun sebebi zamanla İslâm dininin dolayısıyla Arapça ve
Farsçanın önce topluma sonra da Türkçeye olan etkisidir.
Quasi-Monte Carlo method for solving Fredholm equations
Authors: Sobol I. M. , Shukhman B. V.
Published: August 2019

A Monte Carlo method used for the estimation of convergent von Neumann series solutions of a Fredholm equation of second kind is considered.
The sum

z

(
d
)

⁢

(
x
)

{z^{(d)}(x)}

of d initial terms of the von Neumann series estimating the solution

z
⁢

(
x
)

{z(x)}

of the equation is represented as a d-dimensional integral over the unit cube

H
d

{H_{d}}

.

This note presents three examples calculating

z

(
d
)

⁢

(
x
)

{z^{(d)}(x)}

for different kernels with norms

∥
K
∥

<
1

{\lVert K\rVert<1}

.
We found that

z

(
d
)

⁢

(
x
)

{z^{(d)}(x)}

calculated using a quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method converges significantly faster than the corresponding Monte Carlo (MC) estimates in the entire range of

∥
K
∥

{\lVert K\rVert}

values.
We also found that the average dimension

d
^

{\hat{d}}

of the integrand in all our examples is small, less than 3.
We suggest that the average dimensions

d
^

{\hat{d}}

of our d-dimensional integrands are bounded as

d
→
∞

{d\to\infty}

.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylate-κ4
O
1,O
2:O
3,O
4)(μ2-1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)propane-κ2
N:N′
)cadmium(II)]monohydrate, C27H23N3O5Cd
Authors: Wang Daguang , Li Wei , Sun Yabin
Published: August 2019

C27H23N3O5Cd, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.6161(7) Å, b = 16.5427(11) Å, c = 15.8900(11) Å, β = 105.653(1)°, V = 2434.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0327, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0828, T = 152(2) K.
Crystal structure of the co-crystal N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)oxalamide and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-di-iodobenzene (1/1), C14H14N4O2⋅C6F4I2
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: August 2019

C20H14F4I2N4O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 5.0726(1) Å, b = 10.9432(2) Å, c = 19.8090(3) Å, α = 104.475(2)°, β = 90.427(2)°, γ = 92.908(2)°, V = 1063.10(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0329, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0907, T = 100 K.
Plane Wave Reflection in a Compressible Half Space with Initial Stress
Authors: Shams Moniba , Khalique Chaudry Masood , Aziz Taha
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the problem of wave propagation in a compressible half-space with an initial stress is considered. General discussion on the speed of wave in the presence of an initial stress is presented. Furthermore, reflection of a homogeneous plane P−wave is also studied. A special strain energy function dependent on this initial stress is used to understand the response of the materials. Explicit formulas for the reflection coefficients are also presented. General nonlinear theory and the theory of invariants are used to derive theoretical results. Graphical illustration of theoretical results for various numerical values of parameters show that initial stress has considerable bearing on the behavior of a plane wave.
Evaluation of the realism of a full-color reflection H2 analog hologram recorded on ultra-fine-grain silver-halide material
Authors: Gentet Philippe , Gentet Yves , Choi Pyeung-Ho , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an evaluation of the realism of a full-color reflection H2 analog hologram recorded on ultra-fine-grain silver-halide material. An H2 hologram is a transplane image that is different from the well-known Denisyuk hologram in which the final image appears fully behind the surface of the glass plate. We explain how to record this type of transplane image on the silver-halide holographic material Ultimate 04. Evaluations are performed using a mixed reality experience questionnaire. The realism of our full-color H2 hologram is successfully demonstrated and shows the potential for its integration into a diorama.
Udvari erények és bűnök zooikonológiája
Authors: Vígh Éva
Published: August 2019

The visual culture of the 16–17th century is certainly one of the most spectacular chapters in the history of iconology and the history of art, literature and culture in general. Special discourses of the 16th century and especially works upon practical use in the theoretical elaboration of iconology had the inclusion of a significant number of animals as attributes. These symbols had become much more frequent, and also more pronounced in terms of variations and modifications than it has been known in research so far. The mentioned emblems preferred to use animals to visualize the virtues to be followed and the vices to be avoided, since animal symbolism was part of the allegorical and moral considerations of the time, thus perfectly suited as a tool of representation for the prevailing social, political, and ideological conditions.
A tankönyvi illusztrációk helye és szerepe a dualizmus kori hazai történelemtankönyvekben
Authors: Molnár-Kovács Zsófia
Published: August 2019

The illustrations were integral part of textbooks in Hungary at the time of the Austro- Hungarian Empire. In the framework of this study, based on this claim, we bring to light the illustrations (pictorial, graphic, cartographic, and textual illustrations) of history textbooks for the Hungarian Secondary Schools at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the course of research on textbook illustrations we attempt to type them, determine their quantitative and qualitative parameters, as well as chart the functions of history textbook illustrations. The research focuses only universal history textbooks, which used to teach modern history from 1648 to ‘present’. In this study, we review the findings of Hungarian (published) researches on textbook illustrations, the requirements of the regulations on (history) textbooks, and curriculums for secondary schools in the observed period. The black and white pictures, chronological charts, black and white and colour maps were presented in the analysed history textbooks from the 1870s and they became common in textbooks from the 1890s. The illustrations connected with the texts of textbooks but they had chiefly emotive role in the history textbooks in the observed period.
Állatszimbolika a közép- és újkori Itália irodalmában
Authors: Újvári Edit
Published: August 2019

Vígh Éva: Állatszimbolika a közép- és újkori Itália irodalmában. Szeged, 2018. 330 oldal (Antikvitás és reneszánsz könyvek)
Chinese Landscapes of Desolation
Authors: Byrnes Corey
Published: August 2019

This essay explores how landscape forms are used by writers, photographers, filmmakers, and other artists from inside and outside of China to represent environmental problems in that country. It considers the “landscape of desolation” as an ecocritical mode designed to change how people see and act in the world in relation to both the shifting status of “Chinese tradition” and to earlier moments in Euro-American landscape art, particularly the so-called New Topographics Movement of the 1970s.
Sound Evidence, 1969: Recording a Milanese Riot
Authors: Casadei Delia
Published: August 2019

On 19 November 1969, two members of Milan’s neofolk music collective the Nuovo Canzoniere Italiano (NCI) armed themselves with portable sound recorders and wandered amongst a crowd of demonstrators near Milan’s Duomo. The resulting LP, I fatti di Milano (The events of Milan), is a puzzling hybrid of artistic and political intent. As the sleeve note explains, the demonstration degenerated into a riot and resulted in the violent—and to this day legally unresolved—death of a police officer. The NCI members presented the recording as sonic evidence of the day’s events, hoping to help the case of the demonstrators accused of murdering the policeman. The record thus constitutes not only a swerve from “music” to “sound” in the collective’s output but also a move from aesthetic artifact to sound document, indeed, to putative forensic evidence. And yet, the evidence grows inexorably murkier with every listening. This essay homes in on the contradiction between I fatti di Milano’s declared purpose and the sound recording it mobilizes toward that end. Drawing on both sound studies and Italian political philosophy, the essay argues that the record embodies and actively stages idiosyncratic but highly contemporary relationships between music and soundscape, between sound event and its technological reproduction, and ultimately between political event and the act of writing history.
Witnesses for the Persecution
Authors: Flower Richard
Published: August 2019

During the reign of Constantius II (337–361), a number of Christian bishops were exiled from their sees, reportedly for their opposition to the emperor's “Homoian” theological position. Several of them (Athanasius of Alexandria, Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Cagliari, Eusebius of Vercelli) responded to their institutional insecurity and geographical isolation by writing accounts of their experiences in a range of textual forms: letters to individuals or groups, historical narratives with quoted documents, or formal invectives. This article explores the variety of ways in which these examples of exilic literature construct different forms of communities in order to weave supportive narratives around the authors and their allies: Hilary and Lucifer emphasized their possession of parrhesia both within and through their texts; Athanasius constructed a network of opposition to heresy with himself as its focus; Eusebius presented himself as the lynchpin of a north Italian community which he could still lead from exile in Palestine. Through inscribing particular roles onto both their readers and other figures discussed within the texts, these exiled authors sought to foster their own reputations as leaders of these communities and arbiters of membership, thereby bolstering their positions at a time when their authority was under serious threat.
Sexual Antagonism in Early Bergman
Authors: Cowie Peter
Published: August 2019

THE PUBLICATION, in 1987, of Bergman's autobiography, The Magic Lantern, and the release, at Christmas 1991, of Bille August's The Best Intentions (Den goda viljan) have cast a new light on the human relationships in those films directed by Bergman prior to 1951. The example of his parents' marriage, achieved against severe odds and then deteriorating into sullen, armed neutrality, manifestly affected Bergman and his attitudes to the sexual bonding between man and woman. If in old age he has at last felt able to articulate and analyse his parents' relationship, as a young man he sought to sublimate these acute personal memories into not only the films he directed but also the screenplays he wrote for others. "My parents lived in an exhausting, permanent state of crisis with neither beginning nor end," he wrote in The Magic Lantern. "They fulfilled their duties, they made huge efforts, appealing to...
The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 2
Authors: Toh Hai Leong
Published: August 2019

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD THE subject of homosexuality is taboo in Chinese films. Ever since Chinese cinema gained world prominence in the 1930s with Mainland Chinese social protest works like Street Angel and Crossroads (both made in 1937 by the socialist Mingxing Film Company) and through the highly popular wen-yi (heterosexual romance) Taiwanese films of the 1960s and 1970s, and the action and comedy mainstays of Hong Kong in the 1970s, no major Chinese film has dared to venture into this taboo theme. It was only in the realm of martial arts film genre (the wu hsia pien) that a renegade major director like Chu Yuan could tackle this "unspeakable" subject in his 1972 successful Ai Nu, the Chinese Courtesan and its more daring 1984 remake Lust for Love of a Chinese Courtesan. The former hints at a lesbian relationship between a brothel madame Chung and Ai-nu, her innocent...
The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 3
Authors: Ng Yvonne
Published: August 2019

TIAN ZHUANGZHUANG: A DIRECTOR FOR THE 21st CENTURY Nowadays, when one speaks of mainland Chinese cinema, the names of directors Chen Kaige (Yellow Earth, Farewell, My Concubine) and Zhang Yimou (Red Sorghum, The Story of Qiu Ju) come easily to mind. Yet there are other fine directors in the country who are less well known but no less outstanding. One of them is Tian Zhuangzhuang, a contemporary of both Chen and Zhang. Born in 1952 in Beijing, Tian comes from a family of film personalities; his father Tian Fang and his mother Yu Lan, both communist cadres, were well-known actors before the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Tian Fang, now deceased, was the first head of the Beijing Film Studio while Yu Lan is still in charge of the Children's Film Studio in Beijing. Tian Zhuangzhuang was just fourteen when the Cultural Revolution broke out. Two years later he was sent...
Cannes 1995
Authors: Pratley Gerald
Published: August 2019

CANNES, THE 48th YEAR -- overcrowded, frequently lost in confusion, outrageously overpriced, an event at which art and idealism, once the hallmarks of the festival, now find it difficult in making their presence felt above the din of the circus entertainment, the crass commercialism and the exploitation of demeaning films. This, the most famous film festival of them all, has become too large for its own good and the ever-increasing costs of mounting it means that whatever makes money becomes the prime consideration of its managers. Once a venue only for people working in film and its related activities, Cannes has now become a public palace for a feverish scramble to see motion pictures most of which may well be playing in regular cinemas within a few months. True, reputations can still be made in spite of the disadvantages, with some filmmakers becoming favourites of the festival circuit, with...
Imagery and Sound in Red Sorghum
Authors: Ng Yvonne
Published: August 2019

WHEN ZHANG YIMOU MADE HIS DIRECTORIAL DEBUT, Red Sorghum, in 1987, he was better known as a cinematographer whose talent had been crucial to the success of critically acclaimed films like Zhang Junzhao's One and Eight (1984, released 1987) and Chen Kaige's Yellow Earth (1984). Not only did Red Sorghum become a seminal film of the Fifth Generation, it also won the Golden Bear at Berlin in 1988, becoming the first mainland Chinese film ever to be awarded the highest honour at a major international film competition. Set in the 1920s and '30s in northern China, Red Sorghum's narrative centres on the fate of a young woman who is forced to marry a rich old leper but who eventually falls in love with a younger man. The motif of female oppression in feudal China is repeated in Zhang's next two films, Ju Dou (1990) and Raise the Red Lantern...
The Short: Limited Prospects
Authors: Thompson Patricia
Published: August 2019

Johnston ... Johnston. Producer, Writer, Director: John Hopkins. Cast: Henry Czerny, Lenore Zann. Canada 1994, 23 min. The wind soughs behind the opening credits, the camera slowly angles and drifts over the glittering downtown skyscrapers, music invades the senses. Johnston (Henry Czerny) stands unmoving at a high window gazing outward. A woman's voice calls the film's title, Johnston . . . Johnston. Queen Bee (Lenore Zann) stands in the doorway chiding Johnston on his attitude: "You're not setting a good example here" and pointing out that he needs "focus." Surrounded by toadies and yes-men and women, she reinforces her philosophy by demonstrating an analogy between work and golf, and purrs away on her electric golf cart. Johnston goes back to brooding in his office. Behind him stretches the general office filled with long lines of brokers glued to telephones and computers. Johnston has to escape -- he...
Channel 4: Broadcasters Support Filmmakers
Authors: Pratley Gerald
Published: August 2019

A DISCUSSION at the Vancouver Film Festival 1995 Among the many discussions taking place during the Trade Forum at Vancouver's International Film Festival was a rapt and lively presentation of how Broadcasters Support Filmmakers. The principal speaker was David Aukin of Channel Four who was introduced by Wayne Skeene, President of Skeene Communications in Vancouver. WS: David Aukin is a Commissioning Editor and Head of Drama for Channel 4, that "idiosyncratic little company" as Variety puts it, "that defies all the rules of Hollywood." The New York Times calls David "arguably the most influential figure in the British film industry." The Daily Telegraph calls him "The Sun King of the Silver Screen" and there's more: "The mastermind behind the largest filmmaking budget in Britain." David studied law at Oxford, worked for a period as a solicitor, made a career change to theatre in 1970 when he...
House of Cards
Authors: Thompson Patricia
Published: August 2019

. . . AND THEIR FESTIVALS House of Cards Producer, writer, director, editor: James Fry. Photography: Cezary Kolsut. Canada 1995, 11min. A BRIGHT sunny morning on the wharf -- glistening water, birds wheeling and swooping overhead, and the mailman leisurely walking his route along the boards. An assortment of boat dwellers greet him and go about their daily routines in an atmosphere of peace and relaxation. It's all too good to be true. And it is! This idyllic setting is not all it seems to be as a cacophony of the sounds of everyday modern living slowly to creep into these lives and frazzle their nerves. The old geezer dozing in his deck chair develops a horrendous snore; banging away with hammer and nails a distraught man makes a tiny coffin for his departed pet; there's a lot of deafening sound from hand and chainsaw and then there's the dental...
ESTADO E PROPRIEDADE NA DOUTRINA DO DIREITO DE KANT
Authors: Heck José N.
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - o artigo sumaria o modo peculiar como Kant lida com o estado de natureza hobbesiano e estabelece o espaço público do meum vel tuum extemum na Doutrina do Direito. O texto visa realçar a originalidade de Kant como filósofo político.
ACERCA DE "FILOSOFIA CLÍNICA"
Authors: Pelizzoli Marcelo L.
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - A questão central que se nos coloca é da utilização da Filosofia na prática clínica (psicoterapêutica e de aconselhamento). É uma reflexão acadêmica crítica dirigida exclusivamente ao debate da temática, diante de tentativa de alguns estudantes e professores de filosofia no Rio Grande do Sul de autorizarem-se a tal prática como "filósofos clínicos".
IMAGINAÇÃO DO SIGNIFICANTE E FORCLUSÃO DA CULPABILIDADE
Authors: Santuário Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2019

S1NTESE - O texto procura identificar, a partir da psicanálise de Lacan, de que forma, em função do indevido privilégio egóico dado pelo sujeito falante ao Registro do Imaginário, a percepção e compreensão da insistência do significante permanece restrita a este registro, impossibilitando- lhe uma compreensão mais ampla, correspondente à inscrição do significante no Registro do Simbólico, co-extensivo ao ethos do sujeito humano. Isto implicaria, em certo sentido, na forclusão da culpabilidade, ou, pelo menos, num certo conforto imaginário da ek-sistência do sujeito.
METAPSICOLOGIA DO PERDÃO
Authors: Caon José Luiz
Published: August 2019

SÍNTESE - O autor serve-se de dois textos de Sófocles, Édipo-Tirano e Édipo em Colono, e de dois textos de Freud, O chiste e sua relação com o inconsciente (1905c) e O humor (1927d). Extrai dos textos de Sófocles uma prefiguração da noção de autoperdão e, dos textos de Freud, elementos de uma metapsicologia do autoperdão. O texto freudiano de 1927 aprofunda e amplia a concepção de sobreeu. Assim, é mais que uma instância de aparelho anímico cruel, severa, tirana, intolerante e inclemente. Eu e sobreeu podem associar-se segundo o modelo da identificação paterno-filial e, desta aliança, surgir o humor, como uma construção auxiliar (Hilfskonstruktion) para levar a existência sem maiores temores para o eu. Segundo o modelo deste pacto, o autoperdão, relação intrapsíquica, é condição necessária para uma relação interpessoal perdoante. Sem aquela, essa é vazia. Não é perdoando ao outro que se é perdoado, é perdoando- se que se pode até perdoar o outro. Assim sendo, a culpa, mal menor que a mortificação narcisista, mantém a inflamação do eu que, para se manter na posição de poder e de causador do "mal" no mundo, inflige-se autocastigos e reparações infindáveis e impossíveis. Diferentemente, com o autoperdão o eu associado ao sobreeu mantém a dívida de gratidão, não aceita o esquecimento e recusa a denegação.
Rudolf Schlechter's South-American orchids I. Historical and bibliographical background
Authors: Ossenbach Carlos , Jenny Rudolf
Published: August 2019

This study represents the first part of a series dedicated to the work of Rudolf Schlechter on the orchid flora of South America. The historical background of Schlechter’s botanical activity is outlined, and salient aspects of his biography, as well as his main scientific relationships, in particular with Oakes Ames, and the origins of his interest in tropical America are discussed. We also present a complete bibliography relative to Schlechter’s production on the orchid floras of South American countries, with his network of orchid collectors, growers and other purveyors, and checklists of all the new taxa that he described from each individual country.

 

Key words: bibliography, biography, history of botany, Orchidaceae, South America
Survey of the Active Intellect in Transcendent Theosophy
Authors: Salem Maryam , Kheradmand Maryam
Published: August 2019

Mull? ?adr? (1572–1640) can, as we will argue in this article, be considered the greatest philosopher in Islamic world, because he has tried to eliminate the shortcomings of all previous schools. He claimed that man unites with the Active Intellect in the process of his intellectual perception, which is the highest perceptive status of the soul. This union, in its intense form, dissolves the human soul in the Active Intellect. In this theory, Mull? ?adr? assimilates some specific principles which belong only to what Seyyed Hossein Nasr has defined as Transcendent Theosophy: the primacy of existence, graded unity of being, substantial motion, the evolutional motion of the soul in all perceptive steps, the unity of the intellect, the intelligent, and the intellegible and identity of knowledge and being. Since the Active Intellect is the archetype of humanity from Mull? ?adr?’s view, i.e. among the horizontal intellects or the same Platonic Ideas, and there is no plurality in the world of intellect, the main problem raised is how an Active Intellect is distinguished from other intellects, and the human soul is united with and eventually destroyed. Hence, Mull? ?adr?, in his theory of expanded emanation, envisages that the plurality of the universe is due to the quiddity, which is an ideational (?i?tib?ri) thing. Thus, according to him, we can say that the plurality of the world of the intellect is subjective and comes to the fore to justify the relation of God to the world of pluralities; so the theory of intellects is based on the substantive and natural view into the universe, which is the general view of the philosophers; however, the theory of expanded emanation is a particular view of Mull? ?adr?, which is in full harmony with important philosophical foundations of him. The present study tries to explain these issues through Mull? ?adr?’s texts.
Australia’s Indigenous Peoples and Islam
Authors: Cook Abu Bakr Sirajuddin , Yucel Salih
Published: August 2019

There is a growing scholarly interest in Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ engagement with Islam. This interest has highlighted some significant historical points of contact, such as with the Makassan fishermen, the Afghan cameleers, and the Malay pearl divers. Historical engagements with Islam, such as these, have influenced the contemporary identity formation for some Indigenous peoples, by acknowledging the historical connections without embracing Islam or identifying as a practicing Muslim. That some Indigenous people with no known familial historical engagement with Islam have embraced Islam has raised surprise, concern, and confusion. As it has primarily been historians, sociologists, and anthropologists that have heretofore been attempting to document and understand Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ engagement with Islam, it is unsurprising that the suggested reasons for such engagement have been historical, sociological, and anthropological. Without dismissing or contradicting the existing research, this article will suggest that current literature does not explicitly account for philosophical and spiritual convergences between the belief structures of Australia’s Indigenous peoples and Islam in the explanation of both historical and contemporary engagements.
The Republic Unsettled: Muslim French and the Contradictions of Secularism, by Mayanthi L. Fernando
Authors: Peter Frank
Published: August 2019

The Republic Unsettled: Muslim French and the Contradictions of Secularism, by Mayanthi L. Fernando. Duke University Press, 2014. 328pp., $99.95. ISBN-13: 9780822357346.
The al-Ghazali Enigma and Why Shari‘a is Not Islamic Law, by Haifaa G. Khalafallah
Authors: Shavit Uriya
Published: August 2019

The al-Ghazali Enigma and Why Shari?a is Not Islamic Law, by Haifaa G. Khalafallah. Equinox Publishing, 2017. 288 pp. Hb. £75.00/$100.00. ISBN-13: 9781781792957; E-Book £75.00/$100.00. ISBN-13: 9781781794661.
Analysis and ways to improve the quality of preparing students for the Unified
State Exam in Geography
Authors: Ippolitova Nina , Suslova Vasilisa
Published: August 2019

The article presents an analysis of the preparation of schoolchild for the unified state
exam in geography, which is a form of final certification and entrance test for admission to the
University, differentiating students according to the level of training of graduates. In addition, the
results of the exam, allow to identify new educational routes: to clarify the content of training programs
and the correspondence of educational literature, etc.
The study was carried out on the basis of statistical and analytical materials on the results of
the exam in geography, presented by the Federal Institute of pedagogical measurements and regional
centers of information processing, and institutes for the development of education of subjects. The
analysis was subject to such main results as the number and proportion of participants in the exam, the
average score of the examination work, the number of participants who scored the maximum test score,
and did not overcome the minimum threshold in the period from 2013 to 2018. The combined results
of the early, basic and additional exam period were taken into account.
In the study of the main results of the exam in geography in the regions of the Siberian Federal
district revealed a direct correlation between the relevance of the results of the exam in geography in
the universities and the statistical indicators of the results of the exam. Groups of regions with high
and low level of development of geographical education are allocated.
Certain solutions that contribute to improving the level of geographical education in terms of
the main results of the exam. One of the main ways to improve the quality of preparation for the exam
in geography is the popularization of science, the adoption of the Concept of geographical education
(developed by the Russian geographical society), as well as the revision and specification of
examination papers, textbooks, organization of forms of preparation available to schoolchild for the
exam in schools.
Modelling of Bi-Directional Spatio-Temporal Dependence and Users’ Dynamic Preferences for Missing POI Check-In Identification
Authors: Xi Dongbo , Zhuang Fuzhen , Liu Yanchi , Gu Jingjing , Xiong Hui , He Qing
Published: August 2019

Human mobility data accumulated from Point-of-Interest (POI) check-ins provides great opportunity for user behavior understanding. However, data quality issues (e.g., geolocation information missing, unreal check-ins, data sparsity) in real-life mobility data limit the effectiveness of existing POIoriented studies, e.g., POI recommendation and location prediction, when applied to real applications. To this end, in this paper, we develop a model, named Bi-STDDP, which can integrate bi-directional spatio-temporal dependence and users’ dynamic preferences, to identify the missing POI check-in where a user has visited at a specific time. Specifically, we first utilize bi-directional global spatial and local temporal information of POIs to capture the complex dependence relationships. Then, target temporal pattern in combination with user and POI information are fed into a multi-layer network to capture users’ dynamic preferences. Moreover, the dynamic preferences are transformed into the same space as the dependence relationships to form the final model. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on three large-scale real-world datasets and the results demonstrate significant improvements of our model compared with state-of-the-art methods. Also, it is worth noting that the proposed model can be naturally extended to address POI recommendation and location prediction tasks with competitive performances.
Tied Transformers: Neural Machine Translation with Shared Encoder and Decoder
Authors: Xia Yingce , He Tianyu , Tan Xu , Tian Fei , He Di , Qin Tao
Published: August 2019

Sharing source and target side vocabularies and word embeddings has been a popular practice in neural machine translation (briefly, NMT) for similar languages (e.g., English to French or German translation). The success of such wordlevel sharing motivates us to move one step further: we consider model-level sharing and tie the whole parts of the encoder and decoder of an NMT model. We share the encoder and decoder of Transformer (Vaswani et al. 2017), the state-of-the-art NMT model, and obtain a compact model named Tied Transformer. Experimental results demonstrate that such a simple method works well for both similar and dissimilar language pairs. We empirically verify our framework for both supervised NMT and unsupervised NMT: we achieve a 35.52 BLEU score on IWSLT 2014 German to English translation, 28.98/29.89 BLEU scores on WMT 2014 English to German translation without/with monolingual data, and a 22.05 BLEU score on WMT 2016 unsupervised German to English translation.
Embedding-Based Complex Feature Value Coupling Learning for Detecting Outliers in Non-IID Categorical Data
Authors: Xu Hongzuo , Wang Yongjun , Wu Zhiyue , Wang Yijie
Published: August 2019

Non-IID categorical data is ubiquitous and common in realworld applications. Learning various kinds of couplings has been proved to be a reliable measure when detecting outliers in such non-IID data. However, it is a critical yet challenging problem to model, represent, and utilise high-order complex value couplings. Existing outlier detection methods normally only focus on pairwise primary value couplings and fail to uncover real relations that hide in complex couplings, resulting in suboptimal and unstable performance. This paper introduces a novel unsupervised embedding-based complex value coupling learning framework EMAC and its instance SCAN to address these issues. SCAN first models primary value couplings. Then, coupling bias is defined to capture complex value couplings with different granularities and highlight the essence of outliers. An embedding method is performed on the value network constructed via biased value couplings, which further learns high-order complex value couplings and embeds these couplings into a value representation matrix. Bidirectional selective value coupling learning is proposed to show how to estimate value and object outlierness through value couplings. Substantial experiments show that SCAN (i) significantly outperforms five state-of-the-art outlier detection methods on thirteen real-world datasets; and (ii) has much better resilience to noise than its competitors.
Task-Driven Common Representation Learning via Bridge Neural Network
Authors: Xu Yao , Xiang Xueshuang , Huang Meiyu
Published: August 2019

This paper introduces a novel deep learning based method, named bridge neural network (BNN) to dig the potential relationship between two given data sources task by task. The proposed approach employs two convolutional neural networks that project the two data sources into a feature space to learn the desired common representation required by the specific task. The training objective with artificial negative samples is introduced with the ability of mini-batch training and it’s asymptotically equivalent to maximizing the total correlation of the two data sources, which is verified by the theoretical analysis. The experiments on the tasks, including pair matching, canonical correlation analysis, transfer learning, and reconstruction demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of BNN, which may provide new insights into the aspect of common representation learning.
Interactive Attention Transfer Network for Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Hefu , Liu Qi , Zhao Hongke , Zhu Hengshu , Chen Enhong
Published: August 2019

Cross-domain sentiment classification refers to utilizing useful knowledge in the source domain to help sentiment classification in the target domain which has few or no labeled data. Most existing methods mainly concentrate on extracting common features between domains. Unfortunately, they cannot fully consider the effects of the aspect (e.g., the battery life in reviewing an electronic product) information of the sentences. In order to better solve this problem, we propose an Interactive Attention Transfer Network (IATN) for crossdomain sentiment classification. IATN provides an interactive attention transfer mechanism, which can better transfer sentiment across domains by incorporating information of both sentences and aspects. Specifically, IATN comprises two attention networks, one of them is to identify the common features between domains through domain classification, and the other aims to extract information from the aspects by using the common features as a bridge. Then, we conduct interactive attention learning for those two networks so that both the sentences and the aspects can influence the final sentiment representation. Extensive experiments on the Amazon reviews dataset and crowdfunding reviews dataset not only demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of our method, but also give an interpretable way to track the attention information for sentiment.