bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On hierarchical modulation for satellite broadcasting
Authors: Kayhan F. , Montorsi G. , Taricco G. , Alagha N.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a comparative assessment of 2 multiplexing techniques for providing differentiated classes of services over a realistic broadcasting satellite channel under variable link conditions. A distinctive property of satellite broadcasting channels is the nonlinear characteristics of high power amplifier on‐board of the satellite. Hence, the conventional additive white Gaussian noise channel with average power limitation is no longer an accurate model, and nonlinear characteristics have to be taken into account. In this paper, we compare the performance of time division multiplexing techniques combined with variable coding and modulation with that of hierarchical modulations delivering contents with 2 (or more) differentiated service qualities. The goal is to maximize the throughput over a given transponder while maintaining a target service availability. We design a practical transmitter scheme based on the hierarchical modulation and maximize the throughput by optimizing the achievable mutual information for finite size constellations. This optimization is done for additive white Gaussian noise channel with both average and peak power limit and will provide a lower bound on throughput, which can be achieved by nonorthogonal multiplexing scheme. The results indicate that the gains obtained by nonorthogonal multiplexing is significant only if the required signal to noise threshold for 2 services differ by more than 10 dB. Finally, we provide the bit error ratio simulation results for some selected scenarios.
Condition‐Based Selective Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Isoxazoline N‐oxides, 4,5‐Dihydroisoxazoles and Isoxazoles
Authors: Chen Xinfei , Peng Yanqing , Yu Weiwei , Zhang Xiao , Shao Xusheng , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong
Published: June 2018

Functionalized isoxazoline N‐oxides, 4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles and isoxazoles have attracted considerable attention because of their wide applications. Starting from 1,1‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitroethene and aldehydes, a cascade approach to these heterocycles was explored to achieve structural diversity controlled by different reaction conditions. Furthermore, this new protocol provided a direct access to 4‐substituted‐3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles from aromatic aldehydes for the first time.
Immobilization of Small‐Molecule Ligands Containing Secondary or Tertiary Amine Groups onto TiO2‐Supported Ru Catalysts Driven by the Hydrophobic Effect
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Xu Zushun
Published: June 2018

A strategy for effectively immobilizing small‐molecule ligands onto TiO2‐supported Ru catalysts is described. The immobilization was based on a simple two‐phase centrifugation technique and driven by the hydrophobic effect, likely leading to the formation of hydrophobic clusters of small‐molecule ligands. By using this strategy, a library of ligands containing secondary or tertiary amine groups and hydrophobic chains were successfully immobilized onto TiO2‐supported Ru catalysts. Of these ligands, ligands containing 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) moieties significantly improved the selectivity for aldehyde at high conversion in aerobic oxidation of alcohols, resulting from the inhibition of auto‐oxidation of aldehydes. This strategy can generate diversity in preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid catalysts.
Mechanical Tuning of Through‐Molecule Conductance in a Conjugated Calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Stefani Davide , Perrin Mickael , Gutiérrez‐Cerón Cristian , Aragonès Albert C. , Labra‐Muñoz Jacqueline , Carrasco Rodrigo D. C. , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Futera Zdenek , Labuta Jan , Ngo Thien H. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Díez‐Pérez Ismael , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Dulić Diana , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: June 2018

A conformationally flexible calix[4]pyrrole possessing a conjugated electronic structure (an N‐substituted oxoporphyrinogen (OxP) related to porphyrin) was used to investigate the influence of mechanical stretching on the single‐molecule conductance of these molecules using the mechanically‐controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The results show that the molecule can be immobilized in a single‐molecule break junction configuration, giving rise to different behaviours. These include step‐like features in the conductance vs. displacement traces as well as conductance traces that exhibit a slower decay (‘downhill’ traces) than measured for direct tunneling. The latter class of traces can be associated with the mechanical manipulation (i. e., stretching) of the molecule with inter‐electrode distances as long as 2 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that OxP molecules are stable under stretching in the length regime studied.
Mesoporous Sn‐TiO2 Catalysts by Molecular Protection Strategy for the Baeyer‐Villiger Oxidation of Cyclohexanone with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Liu Zhirui , Zhou Zhiwei , Qin Juan , Liu Guang , Huang Hao , Wu Wenliang
Published: June 2018

In order to improve the catalytic performance of tin‐doped samples in the Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with molecular oxygen as oxidant, the mesoporous Sn‐TiO2 catalysts with more incorporation of tin species were successfully prepared via a simple vapor‐phase self‐assembly method followed by molecular protection strategy treated with ethylenediamine solution. The physical and chemical properties of these prepared samples can be characterized by different methods including XRD, N2 sorption, Raman, ICP, UV‐vis DRS, pyridine‐adsorbed IR, SEM and TEM. The characterization results indicated that the ethylenediamine can protect the ordered mesopores of anatase TiO2, which would be beneficial to the more tetrahedrally homogeneous incorporation of tin species resulting in the promotion of Lewis acidity. The ordered mesoporous 18Sn‐TiO2‐EN catalyst with highest surface areas, pore volume and appropriate Lewis acidity showed the highest catalytic performance, whose cyclohexanone conversion, caprolactone selectivity and TON value were up to 94.1%, 95.2% and 3.7, respectively, and it showed good catalytic stability.
Effect of Molecular Crowding Agents on the Activity and Stability of Immunosuppressive Enzyme Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1
Authors: Roy Ashalata , Das Sreeparna , Manna Debasis
Published: June 2018

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays pivotal role in regulating the metabolism of L‐tryptophan (L‐Trp) through kynurenine pathway, which is a well‐established therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases associated with immunosuppression. Disproportionate expression of the enzyme and poor prediction of various types of malignancies make the development and clinical trials of IDO1 inhibitors extremely relevant. However, IDO1‐based drug development has been hindered due to the use of idealized dilute buffer solution media during the screening and optimization of inhibitors, which do not reflect the highly crowded intracellular environment. In this report, IDO1 enzyme activity and its inhibitory activity against few potent compounds of N′‐hydroxyamidine and aryl‐substituted pyran scaffolds were investigated under macromolecularly crowded environment. The synthetic crowding agents were used to generate a cellular mimetic condition where IDO1 enzyme was found to retain its activity. A non‐linear relationship between the size and volume of the crowding agent with enzyme kinetic parameters was observed. The results suggest that judicious use of size and volume of the crowding agent could provide cellular mimetic environment. A very similar catalytic efficiency, inhibitory activity along with preservation of secondary structural content of IDO1 enzyme under the selected crowded media makes these crowding agents appropriate for further therapeutic application.
Design and Integration of Molecular‐Type Catalysts in Fuel‐Cell Technology
Authors: Jose Vishal , Elouarzaki Kamal , Fisher Adrian C. , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: June 2018

The field of molecular electrocatalysis research includes a wide range of emerging technologies that utilize molecular catalysts to catalyze anodic and/or cathodic reactions within a fuel‐cell setup, and has developed greatly in the last 10 years. Although the vast majority of fuel cells utilize noble metals as catalysts, several systems have been recently developed that are based on molecular catalysts. The focus here is on the integration of molecular catalysts in a fuel‐cell setup, which is contextualized, and which is named as “fuel‐cell‐based molecular‐type catalysts” here. The latter utilize a wide variety of chemical compounds, such as organometallics and organic or bioinspired compounds, to harvest chemical energy to generate current. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art for all molecular catalysts that convert chemical energy in a fuel‐cell setup is discussed and a novel classification system is presented to illustrate how molecular catalysts integrate into the broad field of fuel cells. The current performance of molecular catalysts in systems that use different fuels is summarized, and finally, for the first time, the achievable power outputs of fuel cells using uniquely molecular catalysts are presented.
Reproductive Performance and Energy Balance in Consecutive and Skip Repeat Spawning Female Steelhead Reconditioned in Captivity
Authors: Jenkins Laura E. , Pierce Andrew L. , Graham Neil , Branstetter Ryan , Hatch Douglas R. , Nagler James J.
Published: June 2018

Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss are known for their life history diversity, displaying a range of freshwater residence ages, maturation ages, and spawning intervals. Female maturation is thought to be condition dependent at critical periods, during which individuals falling below energetic thresholds remain reproductively inactive for the subsequent annual cycle. After their initial, or maiden, spawning, females may enter into another maturation cycle and spawn after 1 year (consecutive spawners) or 2 years (skip spawners). The purpose of this study was to quantify reproductive performance in maiden, consecutive, and skip spawning female steelhead, which differ in their energy availability schedules during ovarian development, in order to quantify the benefits that can be expected from kelt reconditioning programs. Hatchery origin female steelhead returning to Dworshak National Fish Hatchery for their maiden spawning (Clearwater River, Idaho, 2013–2016) were manually spawned, placed in tanks, and reconditioned. Size (somatic mass, FL) and reproductive performance (total, individual, and dry egg mass, fecundity, and fertilization success) were measured, and spawn date fidelity was determined. Repeat spawners had greater mass, length, and mass at length than did maiden spawners. In absolute terms, skip spawners had greater total, individual, and dry egg mass than maiden and consecutive spawners, and both consecutive and skip spawners had greater fecundity than did maiden spawners. When standardized for size, skip spawners had greater total, individual, and dry egg mass than maiden and consecutive spawners; size‐standardized consecutive spawners had lower individual egg mass than maiden spawners but higher fecundity. Our results suggest that egg size and reproductive investment are determined early in oogenesis based on an assessment of energy reserves, and do not increase when excess energy is available during the vitellogenic period of oogenesis. Instead, excess energy during the vitellogenic period is allocated to somatic growth. Increases in fecundity and egg size suggest that reconditioned kelts released to spawn naturally will be more productive than maiden spawners.
A review of developments in the family of modular multilevel cascade converters
Authors: Akagi Hirofumi
Published: June 2018

This paper starts with a historical review of the family of modular multilevel cascade converters, and the topology and terminology of the family. Then, it answers the following question: ‘What motivated the author to apply phase‐shifted‐carrier pulse‐width modulation (PSC PWM) to the family?’ The success in academic research on this application owes to integrating inter‐cluster balancing or inter‐arm balancing control into the middle layer of a hierarchical control system consisting of three layers. This integration makes it easy to expand the PSC PWM to any bridge‐cell or chopper‐cell count per cluster or arm. Finally, this paper ends with future scenarios of a few promising family members and their practical applications, from the personal experience and view of the author. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive accuracy of cerebroplacental ratio for adverse perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in suspected fetal growth restriction: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Conde‐Agudelo A. , Villar J. , Kennedy S. H. , Papageorghiou A. T.
Published: June 2018

Objective

The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) has been proposed for the routine surveillance of pregnancies with suspected fetal growth restriction (FGR), but the predictive performance of this test is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of CPR for predicting adverse perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcomes in suspected FGR.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Lilacs were searched from inception to 31 July 2017 for cohort or cross‐sectional studies reporting on the accuracy of CPR for predicting adverse perinatal and/or neurodevelopmental outcomes in singleton pregnancies with FGR suspected antenatally based on sonographic parameters. Summary receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves, pooled sensitivities and specificities, and summary likelihood ratios (LRs) were generated.

Results

Twenty‐two studies (including 4301 women) met the inclusion criteria. Summary ROC curves showed that the best predictive accuracy of CPR was for perinatal death and the worst was for neonatal acidosis, with areas under the summary ROC curves of 0.83 and 0.57, respectively. The predictive accuracy of CPR was moderate to high for perinatal death (pooled sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 76%, respectively, and summary positive and negative LRs of 3.9 and 0.09, respectively) and low for composite of adverse perinatal outcomes, Cesarean section for non‐reassuring fetal status, 5‐min Apgar score < 7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal acidosis and neonatal morbidity, with summary positive and negative LRs ranging from 1.1 to 2.5 and 0.3 to 0.9, respectively. An abnormal CPR result had moderate accuracy for predicting small‐for‐gestational age at birth (summary positive LR of 7.4). CPR had a higher predictive accuracy in pregnancies with suspected early‐onset FGR. No study provided data for assessing the predictive accuracy of CPR for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.

Conclusion

CPR appears to be useful in predicting perinatal death in pregnancies with suspected FGR. Nevertheless, before incorporating CPR into the routine clinical management of suspected FGR, randomized controlled trials should assess whether the use of CPR reduces perinatal death or other adverse perinatal outcomes. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Prediction of preterm delivery in symptomatic women using PAMG‐1, fetal fibronectin and phIGFBP‐1 tests: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Melchor J. C. , Khalil A. , Wing D. , Schleussner E. , Surbek D.
Published: June 2018

Objective

To assess the accuracy of placental alpha microglobulin‐1 (PAMG‐1), fetal fibronectin (fFN) and phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1 (phIGFBP‐1) tests in predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) within 7 days of testing in women with symptoms of preterm labor, through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature. The test performance of each biomarker was also assessed according to pretest probability of sPTB ≤ 7 days.

Methods

The Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed and ResearchGate bibliographic databases were searched from inception until October 2017. Cohort studies that reported on the predictive accuracy of PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for the prediction of sPTB within 7 days of testing in women with symptoms of preterm labor were included. Summary receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratios were generated using indirect methods for the calculation of pooled effect sizes with a bivariate linear mixed model for the logit of sensitivity and specificity, with each diagnostic test as a covariate, as described by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Results

Bivariate mixed model pooled sensitivity of PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for the prediction of sPTB ≤ 7 days was 76% (95% CI, 57–89%), 58% (95% CI, 47–68%) and 93% (95% CI, 88–96%), respectively; pooled specificity was 97% (95% CI, 95–98%), 84% (95% CI, 81–87%) and 76% (95% CI, 70–80%) respectively; pooled PPV was 76.3% (95% CI, 69–84%) (P < 0.05), 34.1% (95% CI, 29–39%) and 35.2% (95% CI, 31–40%), respectively; pooled NPV was 96.6% (95% CI, 94–99%), 93.3% (95% CI, 92–95%) and 98.7% (95% CI, 98–99%), respectively; pooled LR+ was 22.51 (95% CI, 15.09–33.60) (P < 0.05), 3.63 (95% CI, 2.93–4.50) and 3.80 (95% CI, 3.11–4.66), respectively; and pooled LR– was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.12–0.48) (P < 0.05), 0.50 (95% CI, 0.39–0.64) and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05–0.16), respectively. The areas under the ROC curves for PAMG‐1, fFN and phIGFBP‐1 for sPTB ≤ 7 days were 0.961, 0.874 and 0.801, respectively.

Conclusions

In the prediction of sPTB within 7 days of testing in women with signs and symptoms of preterm labor, the PPV of PAMG‐1 was significantly higher than that of phIGFBP‐1 or fFN. Other diagnostic accuracy measures did not differ between the three biomarker tests. As prevalence affects the predictive performance of a diagnostic test, use of a highly specific assay for a lower‐prevalence syndrome such as sPTB may optimize management. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Dual fluid for the Kerr black hole
Authors: Lysov Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Rotating black holes are algebraically special solutions to the vacuum Einstein equation. Using properties of the algebraically special solutions we construct the dual fluid, which flows on black hole horizon. An explicit form of the Kerr solution allows us to write an explicit dual fluid solution and investigate its stability using energy balance equation. We show that the dual fluid is stable because of high algebraic speciality of the Kerr solution.
Flail Chest: Less Deadly than Originally Thought
Authors: Benjamin Elizabeth , Recinos Gustavo , Aiolfi Alberto , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Flail chest is considered a highly morbid condition with reported mortality ranging from 10 to 20%. It is often associated with other severe injuries, which may complicate management and interpretation of outcomes. The physiologic impact and prognosis of isolated flail chest injury is poorly defined.

Methods

This is a National Trauma Databank study. All patients from 1/2007 to 12/2014 admitted with flail chest were extracted. Patients with head or abdominal AIS ≥3, dead on arrival, or transferred, were excluded. Primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes were need for mechanical ventilation and pneumonia.

Results

Of the 1,047,519 patients with blunt chest injury, 14,718 (1.4%) patients presented with flail chest, and 8098 (0.77%) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly associated intrathoracic injuries were hemothorax (57.9%) and lung contusions (63.0%), while sternal fracture (8.8%) and cardiac contusion (2.5%) were less common. In total, 29.8% of patients required mechanical ventilation, and 11.2% developed pneumonia. Overall mortality was 5.6%. On multivariable analysis, age >65 and need for mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for mortality (OR 6.02, 3.75, respectively, p < 0.001). Independent predictors for mechanical ventilation included cardiac or pulmonary contusion and sternal fractures (OR 3.78, 2.38, 2.29, respectively, p < 0.001). Need for mechanical ventilation was an independent predictor of pneumonia (OR 13.18, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Mortality in isolated flail chest is much lower than previously reported. Fewer than 30% of patients require mechanical ventilation. Need for mechanical ventilation, however, is independently associated with mortality and pneumonia. Age >65 is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes, and these patients may benefit by more aggressive monitoring and treatment.
Persistent major alopecia following adjuvant docetaxel for breast cancer: incidence, characteristics, and prevention with scalp cooling
Authors: Martín M. , de la Torre-Montero J. C. , López-Tarruella S. , Pinilla K. , Casado A. , Fernandez S. , Jerez Y. , Puente J. , Palomero I. , González del Val R. , del Monte-Millan M. , Massarrah T. , Vila C. , García-Paredes B. , García-Sáenz J. A. , Lluch A.
Published: June 2018

Background

Persistent alopecia (PA) after docetaxel has been recently described. The aim of our study is to establish the incidence and characteristics of PA following adjuvant docetaxel for breast cancer (BC) and to test the ability of scalp cooling in prevention.

Patients and methods

BC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy followed or not by endocrine therapy (and a control group receiving only endocrine therapy) were interviewed in a single institution at 1.5 to 5 years following primary diagnosis searching for PA. A confirmatory prevalence study was later performed in other two institutions. Finally, a prevention study using prophylactic scalp cooling (PSC) with ELASTO-GEL hypothermia caps in patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel was performed.

Results

In the initial prevalence study (492 patients), minor forms of PA (grade 1) were recorded with all chemotherapy regimens and aromatase inhibitors. Patients receiving docetaxel regimens at cumulative dose (CD) ≥ 400 mmg/m2 presented a significantly higher prevalence of grades 1 PA (33–52%) and 2 PA (5–12%). Prevalence of grade 2 PA with docetaxel CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2 was confirmed in two other institutions. Overall, grade 2 PA was seen in 10.06% (95% CI 7.36–13.61) of 358 patients with docetaxel regimens reaching CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2, but not in patients with lower docetaxel CD, other chemotherapy regimens, or endocrine therapy alone. In prevention trial, no grade 2 PA occurred among 116 patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel (≥ 400 mmg/m2) and PSC followed-up after a 96 months median time. PSC was well tolerated. No scalp relapses were seen among 30 patients (22% of all inclusions) having disease relapse.

Conclusion

Adjuvant treatment with docetaxel (CD ≥ 400 mmg/m2) is associated with a significant rate of grade 2 PA, leading to wearing a wig, in around 10% of patients. This toxicity was completely prevented with scalp cooling. Clinical Trial Reference: NCT00515762.
Size Distribution of Graphite Nodules in Hypereutectic Cast Irons of Varying Nodularity
Authors: Domeij Björn , Hernando Juan Carlos , Diószegi Attila
Published: June 2018

An SGI was machined into 400 g cylindrical pieces and remelted in an electrical resistance furnace protected by Ar gas to produce materials ranging from SGI to CGI. The graphite morphology was controlled by varying the holding time at 1723 K (1450 °C) between 10 and 60 minutes. The discrete sectional size distribution of nodules by number density was measured on cross sections of the specimens and translated to volumetric distribution by volume fraction. Subpopulations of nodules were distinguished by fitting Gaussian distribution functions to the measured distribution. Primary and eutectic graphite, were found to account for most of the volume of nodular graphite in all cases. For holding times of 40 minutes and greater, corresponding to nodularity roughly below 40 pct, the primary subpopulation was very small and difficult to distinguish, leaving eutectic nodules as the dominant subpopulation. The mode and standard deviation of the two subpopulations were roughly independent of nodularity. Moreover, the nodular and vermicular graphite were segregated in the microstructure. In conclusion, the results suggest that the parallel development of the vermicular eutectic had small influence on the size distribution of eutectic graphite nodules.
Correction to: Computation of Fisher–Gale Equilibrium by Auction
Authors: Nesterov Yurii , Shikhman Vladimir
Published: June 2018

The article “Computation of Fisher–Gale Equilibrium by Auction”, written by Yurii Nesterov and Vladimir Shikhman, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 16 February 2018 without open access.
Understanding the Omnichannel Customer Journey: Determinants of Interaction Choice
Authors: Barwitz Niklas , Maas Peter
Published: June 2018

Through the proliferation of channels and ways to engage in these channels, customers today have an unprecedented range of options to individualize their customer journey. This study investigated the underlying and overt reasons for customers’ interaction choices using focus groups, expert interviews, and laddering interviews with motor insurance customers to make three central contributions. First, omnichannel customer journeys are inherently individualistic but driven by effects that apply to any single interaction, sequencing effects, and customer journey patterns. The latter pertain to sections of the journey that cover multiple interactions and include both research shopping and the novel impersonalization/interactivity reduction effects. Second, the analysis of customers’ underlying reasons for interaction choices provides novel explanations for these effects and indicates why customers’ search efforts regarding motor insurance are limited. Third, four types of value-in-use that customers seek in their interactions were found to be the ultimate underlying motives and are suggested to segment customers more effectively than the predominant efforts that rely on observable interaction behavior.
Judgmental selection of forecasting models
Authors: Petropoulos Fotios , Kourentzes Nikolaos , Nikolopoulos Konstantinos , Siemsen Enno
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we explored how judgment can be used to improve the selection of a forecasting model. We compared the performance of judgmental model selection against a standard algorithm based on information criteria. We also examined the efficacy of a judgmental model‐build approach, in which experts were asked to decide on the existence of the structural components (trend and seasonality) of the time series instead of directly selecting a model from a choice set. Our behavioral study used data from almost 700 participants, including forecasting practitioners. The results from our experiment suggest that selecting models judgmentally results in performance that is on par, if not better, to that of algorithmic selection. Further, judgmental model selection helps to avoid the worst models more frequently compared to algorithmic selection. Finally, a simple combination of the statistical and judgmental selections and judgmental aggregation significantly outperform both statistical and judgmental selections.
Office-based AM now open for business
Authors: Nickels Liz
Published: June 2018

Liz Nickels spoke to Desktop Metal, a US-based company that uses MIM-based 3D printing to make the technology more accessible to all.
Friendly fire: how penetration testing can reduce your risk
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve
Published: June 2018

To get an accurate idea of how secure your systems are, you need to put them to the test. Yet even though penetration testing is a long-established means of doing this and is even mandated in many industry sectors, it remains severely underused. In this interview, Dave Adamson, head of technology at EACS, explains some of the reasons for this and how organisations could exploit testing to reduce their risk.
Perceptions of Resilience and Physical Health Symptom Improvement Following Post Disaster Integrated Health Services
Authors: Osofsky Howard J. , Weems Carl F. , Graham Rebecca A. , Osofsky Joy D. , Hansel Tonya C. , King Lucy S.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Theorists and researchers have linked resilience with a host of positive psychological and physical health outcomes. This paper examines perceptions of resilience and physical health symptoms in a sample of individuals exposed to multiple community disasters following involvement in integrated mental health services.

Methods

A multiwave naturalistic design was used to follow 762 adult clinic patients (72% female; 28% minority status), ages 18-92 years (mean age=40 years), who were evaluated for resilience and physical health symptoms prior to receiving services and at 1, 3, and 6 months’ follow-up.

Results

Data indicated increases in perceptions of resilience and decreased physical health symptoms reported over time. Results also indicated that resilience predicted physical health symptoms, such that resilience and physical health symptoms were negatively associated (ie, improved resilience was associated with decreases in physical health symptoms). These effects were primarily observed for those individuals with previous exposure to natural disasters.

Conclusions

Findings provide correlational evidence for behavioral health treatment provided as part of a stepped-care, collaborative model in reducing physical health symptoms and increasing resilience post-disaster. Controlled trials are warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:223–229)
Developing a New Measure of Party Dominance: Definition, Operationalization and Application to 54 European Regions
Authors: Vampa Davide
Published: June 2018

Party dominance is not clearly conceptualized and operationalized in the existing literature and has rarely been quantitatively assessed and explained. This study defines dominance as a combination of absolute dominance – the percentage of parliamentary seats won by the largest ruling party – and relative dominance, which takes into account the strength of its main competitor. Based on this definition, it would be possible to calculate an average score of party dominance over a defined period of time. The index developed here is applied to the main ruling parties in 54 regions from 1995 to 2015. Variation in regional party dominance during this period is then explained by considering dominance at the national level, differences in regional socioeconomic development and political legacies. In the last part of the article, individual party scores are aggregated by region. Association between this new aggregate score and regional quality of government is tested.
Progress of the injection laser system of SG-II
Authors: Fan Wei , Jiang Youen , Wang Jiangfeng , Wang Xiaochao , Huang Dajie , Lu Xinghua , Wei Hui , Li Guoyang , Pan Xue , Qiao Zhi , Wang Chao , Cheng He , Zhang Peng , Huang Wenfa , Xiao Zhuli , Zhang Shengjia , Li Xuechun , Zhu Jianqiang , Lin Zunqi
Published: June 2018

A high power laser system was used to drive the ignition of inertial confinement fusion (ICF), of which the high energy, the uniform focal spot, the accurate laser waveform, and the synchronization between the laser beams are key parameters. To accomplish this, global laser characteristics control should be assured, which was the main purpose of the injection laser system. In this paper, the key technological progress involved in the improvement of the performance of the injection laser of SG-II is reported, including frequency domain control, time domain control, near-field spatial shaping, pre-amplifier technology, and the optical parametric chirped pulse amplification pump source.
What if Any Science Will Do?
Authors: Delmhorst Fred
Published: June 2018

Rotolo et al. (2018) identify a number of reasons why the field of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology is losing relevancy, including a lack of focus on frontier topics, which may be most relevant to talent management practitioners. As someone who subscribes to the benefits of the scientist–practitioner approach to talent management, there is nothing I hold more precious than a healthy partnership between the I-O psychology academic community and talent management practitioners.
Engage Decision Makers or Someone Else Will: The Need for More Compelling I-O Psychology Communication
Authors: Sokol Marc
Published: June 2018

Better focus on the frontier of talent management (TM), the thesis of the focal article by Rotolo et al. (2018), is necessary but not by itself a sufficient condition for I-O psychologists (IOP) to influence organizational decision makers. Although I agree with the substance of their perspective, as professional psychologists we also need to communicate in a manner that decision makers recognize as worthy of their time and attention. We should pay greater attention to how, why, and when organizational stakeholders embrace, reject, or overlook our insights and recommendations.
Big Data Techniques and Talent Management: Recommendations for Organizations and a Research Agenda for I-O Psychologists
Authors: Campion Michael C. , Campion Michael A. , Campion Emily D.
Published: June 2018

Big data and its applicability to talent management (TM) as defined by Rotolo et al. (2018) has already been recognized by many outside the field of I-O psychology. The market is beginning to include offerings from vendors for products that use some combination of big data techniques to process vast amounts of data or previously unanalyzable data, which they claim will improve components of TM for organizations. Unfortunately, as noted in the focal article, this “frontier” issue makes it difficult for organizations to separate the wheat from the chaff. Further, with few exceptions, I-O psychology is just beginning to inform organizations about whether and how big data can be used for the purposes of TM.
I-O Psychologists Can Help Make Sure Your HiPos Aren't NoPos
Authors: Finkelstein Lisa M. , Costanza David P. , Goodwin Gerald F.
Published: June 2018

We agree with Rotolo et al.’s (2018) assertion that talent management is a space where the academic–practice gap in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology is quite cavernous and where the vulnerabilities to anti-I-O (AIO) are high. As researchers who began a journey a few years ago to explore the high potential (HiPo) identification process from the science perspective (largely inspired by Silzer & Church, 2009), we echo the frustration that the current focal authors express with the science-side lag in this area. For us, what started as a question from a senior officer in the Army turned into the development of a theoretical model and the start of multilocation research lab designed to further the understanding and success of the HiPo identification process. Our objective is to share a bit of our journey that got us to this point and some lessons for others inspired by this focal article to become anti-anti-I-O (AAIO) warriors.
Spotlight on Women of Color in STEM
Authors: Flores Catalina
Published: June 2018

The focal article by Miner et al. (2018) convincingly argues that industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology professionals share a responsibility to adopt a social-structural perspective in understanding why women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. This approach offers the best path forward for explaining the disparity and improving the attraction and retention of women in these fields (Miner et al., 2018). In conjunction with the approach described, a deliberate effort to cast a spotlight on women of color is necessary, as they are the most marginalized, yet are often excluded from conversations about gender equality.
Yes Virginia, There Is a Gender Disparity Problem—and It Goes Beyond STEM
Authors: Howes Satoris S. , Henning Jaime , Mills Maura J. , Huffman Ann Hergatt
Published: June 2018

Miner et al. (2018) do an excellent job of bringing the issue of gender disparity within STEM to the forefront of I-O psychology. However, we believe the focus on STEM is woefully inadequate and urge I-O psychologists to think bigger, better, and broader. There are clear problems with the way women are viewed and treated within the workforce, within the United States, and globally. In narrowing the discussion of the problem to target only STEM, we dramatically limit our understanding of and potential impact on the multifaceted and complex gender disparity problem in the world of work. Furthermore, we assert there are additional legitimizing myths that must be addressed in order to yield a more complete picture of the dilemma and allow us to move forward to make an impact.
Issues of Gender Inequity Go Beyond STEM
Authors: Harms P. D. , Landay Karen
Published: June 2018

Although Miner et al. (2018) effectively argue that there is a need for greater efforts on the part of I-O psychologists to confront gender inequity in the STEM fields, we feel that the preoccupation with STEM may blind us to other domains where similar issues not only exist but may be even more prevalent and problematic. Specifically, we would argue that more attention needs to be paid to skilled trades, transportation-related jobs, and other so-called “dirty work.”
Developing Leaders to Tackle “Our” Problem
Authors: Clerkin Cathleen , Ruderman Marian N.
Published: June 2018

Miner et al. (2018) make a compelling argument for the need to examine gender inequity in STEM from a social-structural lens. We completely agree. We also commend the authors for including practical recommendations for industrial and organizational (I-O) psychologists, as such implementation plans are vital if we are to move this issue from theory to practice. However, while the recommendations put forth by the authors are needed, we believe additional approaches are necessary to create marked change in gender parity in STEM. In particular, we propose that I-O psychologists (along with human resource [HR] professionals) need to actively engage organizational leaders if we want to successfully advance more women in STEM fields.
From “Her” Problem to “Our” Problem: Using an Individual Lens Versus a Social-Structural Lens to Understand Gender Inequity in STEM
Authors: Miner Kathi N. , Walker Jessica M. , Bergman Mindy E. , Jean Vanessa A. , Carter-Sowell Adrienne , January Samantha C. , Kaunas Christine
Published: June 2018

Increasing the representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is one of our nation's most pressing imperatives. As such, there has been increased lay and scholarly attention given to understanding the causes of women's underrepresentation in such fields. These explanations tend to fall into two main groupings: individual-level (i.e., her) explanations and social-structural (i.e., our) explanations. These two perspectives offer different lenses for illuminating the causes of gender inequity in STEM and point to different mechanisms by which to gain gender parity in STEM fields. In this article, we describe these two lenses and provide three examples of how each lens may differentially explain gender inequity in STEM. We argue that the social-structural lens provides a clearer picture of the causes of gender inequity in STEM, including how gaining gender equity in STEM may best be achieved. We then make a call to industrial/organizational psychologists to take a lead in addressing the societal-level causes of gender inequality in STEM.
New data from terp excavations on sea-level index points and salt marsh sedimentation rates in the eastern part of the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Nieuwhof Annet , Vos Peter C.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents new geological data from two terp excavations at Englum and Ezinge, in the Dutch province of Groningen, and compares them to similar data from the western part of Friesland, in particular from the terp of Wijnaldum-Tjitsma. This terp is situated at a salt marsh ridge of the same height and thickness as Englum and Ezinge, although habitation started 650 years later at Wijnaldum. The measured levels of the tidal-flat/salt-marsh boundary underneath these terps make it possible to reconstruct palaeo-Mean High Water (MHW) levels. These sea-level index points show that palaeo-MHW in the Groningen part of the Wadden Sea was at the upper limit of the range of palaeo-MHW that has been reconstructed for the Dutch Wadden Sea on the basis of data from its western part. The deviating levels indicate that there are differences between regions of the Wadden Sea; this has earlier been established for the German section of the Wadden Sea. In the eastern part of the Dutch Wadden Sea, MHW nowadays is considerably higher than in the western part of the Wadden Sea; the data suggest that this may have been the case already in the 1st millennium BC. Salt marsh levels under dated terp layers make it possible to establish the rate of sedimentation of the developing salt marsh, at 23–91 cm per century for the pioneer zone and low marsh. This rate of development slowed to 4–5 cm per century for the middle marsh and 3–4 cm per century for the high salt marsh.
Ethnoracial Homogeneity and Public Outcomes: The (Non)effects of Diversity
Authors: KUSTOV ALEXANDER , PARDELLI GIULIANA
Published: June 2018

How does ethnoracial demography relate to public goods provision? Many studies find support for the hypothesis that diversity is related to inefficient outcomes by comparing diverse and homogeneous communities. We distinguish between homogeneity of dominant and disadvantaged groups and argue that it is often impossible to identify the effects of diversity due to its collinearity with the share of disadvantaged groups. To disentangle the effects of these variables, we study new data from Brazilian municipalities. While it is possible to interpret theprima facienegative correlation between diversity and public goods as supportive of the prominent “deficit” hypothesis, a closer analysis reveals that, in fact, more homogeneous Afro-descendant communities have lower provision. While we cannot rule out that diversity is consequential in other contexts, our results cast doubt on the reliability of previous findings related to the benefits of local ethnoracial homogeneity for public outcomes.
THE OPERA FORM: SIX OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Ingólfsson Atli
Published: June 2018

In this article I argue that it seems to be an inherent quality of the opera medium that it maintain an active and creative approach to all aspects of stage art and that these can and should be part of the composition since their relation to music is no less obvious than that of text to music. I examine the equivalence of speech and song, the equivalence of opera and theatre in general, the relative status of text and other aspects of the form, the relative status of formal development and melody, the equivalence of stage character and form, and the abstract nature of the concept of plot.
Kammerklang: Barnett-Mcintosh, Helbich, Rogers Café Oto
Authors: Rutherford-Johnson Tim
Published: June 2018

For the moment, ignore the information above. David Helbich didn't perform his No Music – Earpieces at Café Oto on Saturday 13 January. I did, a few weeks later, on a Suffolk beach. If you don't count the seagulls, I had an audience of one.
Effective Altruism and Collective Obligations
Authors: DIETZ ALEXANDER
Published: June 2018

Effective altruism(EA) is a movement devoted to the idea of doing good in the most effective way possible. EA has been the target of a number of critiques. In this article, I focus on one prominent critique: that EA fails to acknowledge the importance of institutional change. One version of this critique claims that EA relies on an overly individualistic approach to ethics. Defenders of EA have objected that this charge either fails to identify a problem with EA's core idea that each of us should do the most good we can, or makes unreasonable claims about what we should do. However, I argue that we can understand the critique in a way that is well motivated, and that can avoid these objections.
Beňovský on Madagascar: The Self-fashioning, Career and Knowledge Production of a Central European Actor in the French Colonial Empire
Authors: Tricoire Damien
Published: June 2018

In the eighteenth century, the French administration usually did not appoint foreigners to leading functions. The Upper Hungarian nobleman Móric Beňovský, who was commissioned by the French king to build a colony on Madagascar, was an exception. Soon, Beňovský developed fanciful accounts of his experience on Madagascar and eventually he became famous across Europe. His case raises the question about the conditions that foreigners had to fulfil in order to make a career in the French empire. This article seeks to answer the question of whether Beňovský’s Upper Hungarian origins contributed to shaping his career, self-fashioning, policy and knowledge production, that is, orientated these in a way that differed from the French colonisers. It claims that Beňovský chose to fictionalise his life and to conjure lies about his experiences on Madagascar because it was the only way to make a career in a system otherwise dominated by established networks of patronage. Furthermore, Beňovský’s fanciful information policy gives some insight into the way information was produced in the French empire: it shows that Versailles was very much dependent on a few informants, and that the logic of court patronage played a great role in knowledge production. Beyond that, the fact that Beňovský’s fantastic stories were considered trustworthy by the elite across the continent says a lot about European colonial imagination in the Enlightenment period.
112 Healthcare Utilization and Costs for Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Carroll Benjamin , Juneau Paul , Irwin Debra
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an often-irreversible movement disorder that usually results from prolonged use of antipsychotics. Although the burden of TD on patients’ quality of life has been reported, there is limited evidence of its impact on the healthcare system.

Objective

To assess healthcare utilization and costs between TD and non-TD patients in a sample of patients from the commercially insured and Medicare Supplemental US populations.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using Truven MarketScan Commercial/Medicare claims data. For each patient included in the analysis, the index date was set as the first TD diagnosis between 1/1/2008 and 9/30/2014. Patients with TD were then matched to similar patients without TD to compare resource utilization andcosts. Descriptive statistics on the incidence of resource utilization and costs of healthcare were reported.

Results

A total of 1020 patients were included in this analysis. TD patients had significantly greater annual all-cause (TD: $54,656; non-TD: $28,777) and mental health-related (TD: $10,199; non-TD: $2,605) healthcare costs compared with non-TD patients (P<0.01). This was primarily because a higher proportion of the TD patientsexperienced hospitalizations (all-cause 56%; mental health 17%) and emergency room visits (all-cause 62%; mental health 27%) compared with non-TD patients(hospitalizations: all-cause 26%, mental health 5%; emergency room visits: all-cause 41%; mental health 13%) (all P<0.001).

Conclusions

Patients identified as being diagnosed with TD demonstrate significantly higher healthcare utilization and costs in the 12 months after diagnosis than do similar patients without TD.

Presented at: Psych Congress; September 16–19, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Funding Acknowledgements

This study was funded by Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.