bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic capability of a linear discriminant function applied to a novel Spectralis OCT glaucoma-detection protocol
Authors: Bambo Maria P. , Fuentemilla Enrique , Cameo Beatriz , Fuertes Isabel , Ferrandez Blanca , Güerri Noemi , Polo Vicente , Larrosa Jose M. , Pablo Luis E. , Garcia-Martin Elena
Published: January 2020

Background

Bruch membrane opening–minimum rim width (BMO–MRW) assessment offers a new diagnostic use in glaucoma patients of the Glaucoma Module Premium Edition (GMPE) available for the Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The objective of our research was to evaluate the diagnostic benefits of examining BMO–MRW and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) readings acquired with Spectralis OCT to distinguish between healthy and mild glaucoma patients, comparing those readings with the standard pRNFL application. Moreover, we investigated whether using a particular combination of BMO–MRW and pRNFL parameters with a linear discriminant function (LDF) could further enhance glaucoma diagnosis.

Methods

One hundred thirty-six eyes from 136 individuals were incorporated into this observational, prospective cross-sectional study: 68 mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients according to the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria (mean deviation between 0 and − 6 dB) and 68 healthy control subjects selected by Propensity Score Matching. MRW and pRNFL thickness around the disc (diameters: 3.5 mm, 4.1 mm, and 4.7 mm) were obtained using the BMO–MRW protocol, and pRNFL thickness at 3.5 mm was obtained with the standard glaucoma application. The group data were contrasted. One sample was chosen at random to develop the LDF (teaching set: 34 healthy subjects and 34 POAG patients) using a combination of MRW and pRNFL parameters (acquired with the BMO–MRW protocol); the other sample provided a test of how the LDF performed on an independent group (validating set: 34 healthy subjects and 34 POAG patients). The receiver operating curves (ROCs) were plotted for every measurement and contrasted with the proposed LDF. The OCT parameters with the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were determined.

Results

Global MRW and pRNFL thicknesses were significantly thinner in the POAG group (p <  0.001). The BMO–MRW parameters showed good diagnostic accuracy; the largest AUCs reached 0.875 for the LDF and 0.879 for global RNFL thickness using the standard glaucoma application. There were no statistical differences between the AUCs calculated.

Conclusions

BMO–MRW parameters show a strong capability to differentiate between mild glaucoma and control eyes. Our LDF based on the new BMO–MRW OCT protocol did not perform better than isolated parameters.
Factors influencing occurrence of peritonitis in Saudi children on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Al Mokali Khamisa , Al Sannaa Zahra , Al Mutairi Faten , Ahmed Anwar E.
Published: January 2020

Background

The peritonitis rate among children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been widely reported in Saudi Arabia. The study aim was to estimate the peritonitis rate per patient-year and investigate the factors associated with higher peritonitis rates in a sample of PD children at King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital-Riyadh (KASCH-R), Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 27 PD children treated between September 2007 and December 2017 at KASCH-R. We recorded the children’s demographic and clinical data, and the frequency of peritonitis.

Results

The 27 PD children reviewed (63% girls; mean age = 7.32 years old; range, 1–14 years), resulted in 86 peritonitis diagnoses in which the overall recurrence rate (in at least one episode) was 58/86 (67.4%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), 56.5 to 77.2%. The rate of peritonitis episodes per patient-year was 0.76 (1 episode per 1.31 patient-year). The generalized Poisson model identified older children (age >  10 years) (adjusted rate ratios [aRR] = 7.273, 95% CI: 1.562–33.860), congenital nephrosis (aRR = 4.677, 95% CI: 1.443–15.155), height below 3rd percentile (aRR = 4.689, 95% CI: 1.874–11.735), weight below 3rd percentile (aRR = 5.388, 95% CI: 1.678–17.302), low albumin level (aRR = 4.041, 95% CI: 2.053–7.956), two-week duration of antibiotic therapy (aRR = 2.947, 95% CI: 1.163–7.468), which were independently associated with a high peritonitis rate.

Conclusions

This study showed a high peritonitis rate in our center. Older children, congenital nephrosis, height and weight below the 3rd percentile, low albumin level, and long duration of antibiotic therapy were associated with a higher rate of peritonitis. An optimal peritonitis prevention strategy or best-practice guideline is needed to reduce and prevent peritonitis occurrence in our center.
Lactoferrin infant feeding trial_Canada (LIFT_Canada): protocol for a randomized trial of adding lactoferrin to feeds of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants
Authors: Asztalos Elizabeth V. , Barrington Keith , Lodha Abhay , Tarnow-Mordi William , Martin Andrew
Published: January 2020

Background

In Canada alone, almost 3000 VLBW infants are born and treated annually with almost 1200 going onto death or survival with severe brain injury, chronic lung disorders, aggressive retinopathy of prematurity, late-onset sepsis, or significant necrotizing enterocolitis. Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory iron-carrying, bifidogenic glycoprotein found in all vertebrates and in mammalian milk, leukocytes and exocrine secretions. Lactoferrin aids in creating an environment for growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut, thus reducing colonization with pathogenic bacteria. It is hypothesized that oral bovine lactoferrin (bLF), through its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, will reduce the rate of mortality or major morbidity in very low birth weight preterm infants.

Method

Lactoferrin Infant Feeding Trial_Canada (LIFT_Canada) is a multi-centre, double-masked, randomized controlled trial with the aim to enroll 500 infants whose data will be combined with the data of the 1542 infants enrolled from Lactoferrin Infant Feeding Trial_Australia/New Zealand (LIFT_ANZ) in a pooled intention-to-treat analysis. Eligible infants will be randomized and allocated to one of two treatment groups: 1) a daily dose of 200 mg/kg bLF in breast/donor human milk or formula milk until 34 weeks corrected gestation or for a minimum of 2 weeks, whichever is longer, or until discharge home or transfer, if earlier; 2) no bLF with daily feeds. The primary outcome will be determined at 36 weeks corrected gestation for the presence of neonatal morbidity and at discharge for survival and treated retinopathy of prematurity. The duration of the trial is expected to be 36 months.

Discussion

Currently, there continues to be no clear answer related to the benefit of bLF in reducing mortality or any or all of the significant neonatal morbidities in very low birth weight infants. LIFT_Canada is designed with the hope that the pooled results from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada may help to clarify the situation.

Trial registration

Clinical Trials.Gov, Identifier: NCT03367013, Registered December 8, 2017.
Factors associated with mental distress among undergraduate students in northern Tanzania
Authors: Mboya Innocent B. , John Beatrice , Kibopile Eneck S. , Mhando Lisbeth , George Johnston , Ngocho James S.
Published: January 2020

Background

Mental distress is a major public health problem which includes anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms such as sleeping problems, fatigue and headache. University students are consistently reported to have higher levels of mental distress compared to the general population. Although university students with mental distress have significantly impaired cognitive functioning, learning disabilities and poor academic performance, the burden of this problem in Tanzania is unknown. This study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with mental distress among undergraduate students in northern Tanzania.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College from April–July 2018. Simple random sampling technique using probability proportional to size was used to sample students from their respective classes. Mental distress was screened using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). Data was analyzed using Stata version 15.1. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize categorical variables while mean and standard deviation for numeric variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with mental distress adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A total of 402 undergraduate students participated in this study, 14% screened positive for mental distress. Residing off-campus (OR = 0.44, 95%CI 0.20–0.96) and perceived availability of social support (OR = 0.22, 95%CI 0.11–0.45) reduced the odds of mental distress while students with family history of mental distress (OR = 2.60, 95%CI 1.04–6.57) and those with decreased grades than anticipated (OR = 3.61, 95%CI 1.91–6.83) had higher likelihood of mental distress.

Conclusion

One in every ten students screened was positive for mental distress. Those who reported a family history of mental illness and lower grades than anticipated had higher response of mental distress. To relieve students from stress and frustrations related to studies and their lives in general, this study recommends awareness creation, counselling to help those with mental health issues, establishment of student drop-in centers for such services and promotion of social and recreational activities at the college.
Leprosy in urban space, areas of risk for disability and worsening of this health condition in Foz Do Iguaçu, the border region between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
Authors: de Assis Ivaneliza Simionato , Berra Thais Zamboni , Alves Luana Seles , Ramos Antônio Carlos Viera , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , dos Santos Danielle Talita , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes , Alves Josilene Dália , de Almeida Crispim Juliane , Pieri Flávia Meneguetti , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Nunes Carla , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: January 2020

Background

Leprosy is a public health problem and a challenge for endemic countries, especially in their border regions where there are intense migration flows. The study aimed to analyse the dynamics of leprosy, in order to identify areas of risk for the occurrence of the disease and disability and places where this health condition is worsening.

Method

This ecological study considered the new cases of leprosy reported in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu from 2003 to 2015. Spatial and spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to identify the risk areas for the occurrence of leprosy, as well as the Getis-Ord Gi and Getis-Ord Gi* methods. Areas of risk for disabilities were identified by the scan statistic and kernel density estimation.

Results

A total of 840 cases were reported, of which 179 (21.3%) presented Grade 1 or 2 disabilities at the time of diagnosis. Leprosy risk areas were concentrated in the Southern, Eastern and Northeastern Health Districts of the municipality. The cases of Grade 2 disability were observed with higher intensity in regions characterized by high population density and poverty.

Conclusion

The results of the study have revealed changes in the pattern of areas at risk of leprosy according to the investigated periods. In addition, it was possible to verify disabilities as a condition present in the investigated cases, or that may be related to the late diagnosis of the disease. In the areas of risk identified, patients have reported worse physical disability after diagnostic confirmation, or indicate inadequate clinical examination, reinforcing the need for structuring leprosy control services in a qualified manner.
Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by emphysematous pyelonephritis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Song Yuanhao , Shen Xingping
Published: January 2020

Background

The management of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) includes conservative medical treatment, percutaneous drainage, and surgical resection of the involved kidney. EPN with diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA) is very rare, in which the clinical management of refusing surgical drainage is inexperienced.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Blood test results were consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis. Urinary computed tomography scan showed multiple stones in the right kidney and lower ureter, with right hydronephrosis. Blood culture demonstrated Escherichia coli bacteremia, and EPN was diagnosed. Considering the need for a second percutaneous nephrolithotomy, the patient refused percutaneous drainage. After continuous intravenous infusion of small doses of insulin and antibiotic treatment, the ketoacidosis resolved. The patient’s temperature returned to normal and abdominal pain was alleviated, and liver and kidney functions were also back to normal. After hospital discharge, the patient underwent two percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the department of urology.

Conclusions

EPN with diabetic ketoacidosis should be diagnosed as soon as possible. For patients with Class 1 and Class 2 EPN with diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract obstruction, if surgical drainage is refused, it is particularly important to rapidly correct diabetic ketoacidosis and intravenous use of sensitive antibiotics, so as to create conditions for follow-up percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Psychobiological indicators of the subjectively experienced health status - findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study
Authors: Fiacco Serena , Mernone Laura , Ehlert Ulrike
Published: January 2020

Background

Healthy aging is particularly important in women, as their life-span is generally longer than men’s, leaving women at higher risk for age-related diseases. Understanding determinants of women’s healthy aging is therefore a major public health interest. Clinical utility of previous research is limited, through its focus on either single psychosocial or biological predictors. The present study investigated psychobiological predictors of women’s healthy aging, for the first time including positive psychological traits and biomarkers of healthy aging.

Methods

Totally, 121 generally healthy women aged 40 to 75 were investigated cross-sectionally. Healthy aging was operationalized via self-rated health (SRH). To gain a nuanced view of the particularities at the upper end of the illness-wellness continuum, women with excellent SRH and those with good SRH were analyzed as distinct groups. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables, health behavior, resilience, optimism, and self-worth as well as menopausal symptoms, and levels of steroid hormones and gonadotropins were considered as predictors of SRH. Binary logistic regression analyses using the forward conditional method were performed with the two health status groups as dependent variable.

Results

Women with a lower body mass index (BMI; OR = .59, 95% CI = .33–1.03), higher intensive physical activity (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.06–4.86), and higher resilience (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.34–4.18) were more likely to rate their health as excellent compared to good. No clinically significant differences could be found regarding endocrine levels.

Conclusion

Psychobiological indicators (lower BMI, intensive physical activity, higher resilience) discriminated SRH at the top level of the health spectrum. In healthy women, the predictive value of endocrine markers seems to be secondary. Interventions targeting these indicators could promote women’s healthy aging.
Use of gelatin puzzle phantoms to teach medical students isolated ultrasound transducer movements and fundamental concepts
Authors: Maloney Lauren M. , Seidman Peggy A. , Zach Kristen M. , Tewari Neera K. , Tito Matthew F. , Page Christopher R.
Published: January 2020

Background

Psychomotor skills related to the use of medical ultrasound are a fundamental, but often overlooked component of this ubiquitous medical imaging technology. Although discussions of image production/orientation, sonographic planes, and imaging/scanning techniques are common in existing literature, these discussions rarely address practical skills related to these basic concepts. The cognitive load of transducer movements and machine operation, in conjunction with learning the ultrasound representation of anatomy, may overwhelm a novice learner. Our goal was to develop and evaluate a set of ultrasound puzzle phantoms for students to use as they learn isolated, specific transducer movements and sonographic concepts. We intentionally created phantoms that contain objects that are likely familiar to students to reduce the cognitive load associated with simultaneously learning the ultrasound interpretation of anatomy.

Methods

This preliminary evaluation of our novel, homemade, gelatin ultrasound puzzle phantoms was performed using pretests and posttests obtained by scanning an assessment phantom, and student questionnaires. Two phases of training and testing occurred with feedback from Phase 1 allowing for refinement of the puzzles and techniques for testing. Skills taught and evaluated included probe rotation, depth assessment, sliding, and tilting.

Results

Twenty-eight students attended the Phase 1 training session with positive trends in students’ abilities to use rotation, sliding, and tilting to answer questions, while only depth showed statistically significant improvements (p = 0.021). Overall students agreed the experience a productive use of time (86%), was beneficial (93%), and would recommend to others (93%). Fifteen (54%) students returned 3 months later. There was no significant decay in skills obtained from the prior training session. In Phase 2, 134 medical students participated, and 76 (57%) completed an online questionnaire. A majority of students agreed they had a better understanding of rotation (83%), depth (80%), sliding (88%) and tilting (55%). Similar to Phase 1, many students (75%) felt the experience was beneficial.

Conclusions

This preliminary study gave us insight into student opinions, as well as information to guide future scalability and development of additional ultrasound puzzle phantoms to aid in medical student education of isolated transducer movements and sonographic concepts prior to imaging human anatomy.
Progression of fibrosing interstitial lung disease
Authors: Wong Alyson W. , Ryerson Christopher J. , Guler Sabina A.
Published: January 2020

Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are often challenging to diagnose and classify, but an accurate diagnosis has significant implications for both treatment and prognosis. A subset of patients with fibrotic ILD experience progressive deterioration in lung function, physical performance, and quality of life. Several risk factors for ILD progression have been reported, such as male sex, older age, lower baseline pulmonary function, and a radiological or pathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia. Morphological similarities, common underlying pathobiologic mechanisms, and the consistently progressive worsening of these patients support the concept of a progressive fibrosing (PF)-ILD phenotype that can be applied to a variety of ILD subtypes. The conventional approach has been to use antifibrotic medications in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and immunosuppressive medications in patients with other fibrotic ILD subtypes; however, recent clinical trials have suggested a favourable treatment response to antifibrotic therapy in a wider variety of fibrotic ILDs. This review summarizes the literature on the evaluation and management of patients with PF-ILD, and discusses questions relevant to applying recent clinicial trial findings to real-world practice.
Strategies used by the Canadian food and beverage industry to influence food and nutrition policies
Authors: Vandenbrink D. , Pauzé E. , Potvin Kent M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Unhealthy food environments contribute to the rising rates of obesity and diet-related diseases. To improve the Canadian nutritional landscape, Health Canada launched the Healthy Eating Strategy in October 2016 which involved several initiatives including the restriction of unhealthy food marketing to children, the reduction of sodium in the food supply and the introduction of front-of-package labelling. Subsequently, various stakeholders engaged in discussions with Health Canada. This study sought to describe the interactions between Health Canada and industry and non-industry stakeholders and to identify the strategies used by industry to influence food and nutrition policy in Canada.

Methods

Documents such as correspondences and presentations exchanged in interactions between Health Canada and stakeholders regarding the Healthy Eating Strategy were obtained from Health Canada’s Openness and Transparency website. The participating stakeholders of each interaction and the topics discussed were determined and described quantitatively. A directed content analysis was then conducted to identify the strategies employed by industry to influence policy. This was guided by a previously developed coding framework that was adapted during analysis.

Results

A total of 208 interactions concerning the Healthy Eating Strategy occurred between October 2016 and June 2018. Of the interactions for which documents were received (n = 202), 56% involved industry stakeholders, 42% involved non-industry stakeholders and 2% involved both. Industry stakeholders were more likely to initiate interactions with Health Canada (94% of their interactions) than non-industry stakeholders (49%). Front-of-package labelling was the most frequently discussed topic by industry stakeholders (discussed in 49% interactions involving industry) while non-industry stakeholders most frequently discussed the Healthy Eating Strategy as a whole (discussed in 37% of interactions involving non-industry). A wide variety of strategies were used by industry in their attempts to influence policy. Those most frequently identified included: “framing the debate on diet- and public health-related issues”, “promoting deregulation”, “shaping the evidence base”, “stressing the economic importance of industry”, and “developing and promoting alternatives to proposed policies”.

Conclusion

Industry stakeholders are highly active in their attempts to influence Canadian nutritional policies. Policymakers and public health advocates should be aware of these strategies so that balanced and effective food and nutrition policies can be developed.
Behcet’s disease involved the root of aorta in the treatment with modified Bentall procedure: a case report
Authors: Cheng Zeyi , Kang Zhefeng , Ji Yupeng , Guo Yingqiang
Published: January 2020

Background

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, the incidence of cardiovascular system involvement is rare, about1–5% (Sakane et al., N Engl J Med 341:1284–91, 1999). BD combined with aortic pseudoaneurysm and aortic valve regurgitation is usually need surgical treatment, but there is controversy about which surgical method to choose.

Case presentation

We report a case of BD combined with severe aortic valve regurgitation and two giant pseudoaneurysms of the aortic sinus. The patient underwent modified Bentall procedure (MBP) and use oral immunosuppressive as well as corticosteroid strictly, after 8 months follow-up, the patient recovered well.

Conclusion

For patient with aortic valve regurgitation and ascend aortic pseudoaneurysm caused by BD, we recommend modified Bentall procedure when rheumatism in a stable period. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs should be used before and after surgery.
TRIM6 promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation and response to thiostrepton by TIS21/FoxM1
Authors: Zheng Shuier , Zhou Chenliang , Wang Yonggang , Li Hongtao , Sun Yong , Shen Zan
Published: January 2020

Background

Tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIM) play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Little attention has been focused on the possible functions of TRIM6 on carcinogenesis.

Methods

The expression levels of TRIM6 were assessed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. TRIM6 expression was knocked down in CRC cell lines, and subjected to Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and cell cycle assays. Immunoprecipitation and proteomics analysis was performed to identify potential associated proteins of TRIM6.

Results

TRIM6 expression was up-regulated in CRC samples and TRIM6 expression may be an independent prognostic marker for CRC. Knocking down TRIM6 expression suppressed CRC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase and increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. TIS21, an anti-proliferative protein involved in the regulation of G2/M arrest, was identified as an interaction partner of TRIM6. Moreover, CRC cells with TRIM6 overexpression showed decreased TIS21 protein stability. TIS21 ubiquitination was increased in CRC cells overexpressing TRIM6, but not in those overexpressing TRIM6 E3 catalytic mutant (C15A). Further, Lys5 was essential for TRIM6 mediated TIS21 ubiquitination. TIS21 overexpression reversed the induced effects of TRIM6 overexpression on CRC cell proliferation, and the levels of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), phosphorylated FoxM1, Cyclin B1 and c-Myc. Thiostrepton, a specific inhibitor for FoxM1, was less effective in anti-proliferative activity against CRC cells with lower level of TRIM6 in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that TRIM6 promotes the progression of CRC via TIS21/FoxM1.
Efficacy and safety of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san for gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: protocol for a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Bhang Yeon Hee , Kim Kwan-Il , Kim Jaehyo , Ahn Junmo , Jung Hwan-Su , Yang Changsop , Ko Seok-Jae , Bu Youngmin , Park Jae-Woo , Park Kyoung Sun , Jung Hee-Jae , Lee Jun-Hwan , Lee Beom-Joon
Published: January 2020

Background

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major cause of chronic cough. GERD-induced chronic cough is difficult to diagnose because some patients do not complain of any gastrointestinal (GI) reflux symptoms. Although chronic cough due to GERD is highly prevalent, no effective treatment is currently available, especially for GERD-related cough without GI symptoms. Because the herbal medicines Ojeok-san and Saengmaek-san can effectively treat GERD and cough, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of these components for relieving chronic cough due to GERD.

Methods/design

This is a study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center pilot trial. After a 1-week run-in period, a total of 30 patients with GERD-induced chronic cough will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 15) or a placebo group (n = 15). Participants will receive 5.76 g of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san or a placebo three times per day for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measures, which are the frequency and severity of cough, will be recorded using a cough diary. The secondary outcome measures will include a cough visual analogue scale, the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (Korean version), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, the Hull Airway Reflux (hypersensitivity) Questionnaire, the Pattern Identification for Chronic Cough Questionnaire, the Pattern Identification for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, and safety testing. Adverse events will also be reported.

Discussion

This will be the first clinical trial to explore the use of herbal medicines for GERD-related chronic cough, including patients without GI reflux symptoms. This study will provide useful evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san treatment. In addition, this trial will offer a scientific basis for the combination of herbal medicines. This study will also provide important data for conducting a larger-scale clinical trial on GERD-induced chronic cough.

Trial registration

This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of South Korea (http://cris.nih.go.kr; registration number KCT0003115). Registered August 28, 2018.
Does a mindfulness-augmented version of the German Strengthening Families Program reduce substance use in adolescents? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors:   the IMAC-Mind Consortium, Arnaud Nicolas , Baldus Christiane , Laurenz Léa Josette , Bröning Sonja , Brandt Maja , Kunze Sabrina , Austermann Maria , Zimmermann Linda , Daubmann Anne , Thomasius Rainer
Published: January 2020

Background

Mindfulness training (MT) for parents of adolescents has been shown to improve mental health and stress-related outcomes in individuals and their families. Studies of MT among young people are mainly delivered in educational or clinical settings, and there is a need for controlled studies on both parent-directed and adolescent-directed approaches. It is unclear whether MT has preventive effects for substance use outcomes. The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of family-based MT targeting both adolescents and their parents to prevent adolescent substance use and enhance neurobehavioral self-regulation skills that play a major role in addiction development and mental health.

Methods/design

The trial design is a superiority, two-arm, randomized controlled trial in which families will participate either in the full curriculum of the evidence-based Strengthening Families Program 10–14 (SFP 10–14, German adaptation) or in a mindfulness-enhanced version of this program (SFP-Mind). Both seven-session interventions are highly structured and will each be delivered over a period of approximately 7 weeks. The experimental intervention SFP-Mind is a modified version of the SFP 10–14 in which some elements were eliminated or changed to enable the inclusion of additional parent-directed and adolescent-directed mindfulness components. The primary outcome is adolescent self-reported alcohol use based on an alcohol initiation index at 18-month follow-up. Dispositional mindfulness, impulsivity, and emotion regulation will be included as secondary outcomes and potential mechanisms of action. The study will recruit and randomize 216 adolescents, aged 10–14 years, and their parents who will be followed up for 18 months.

Discussion

This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of SFP-Mind for family-based prevention of substance use and promoting mental health in adolescence.

Trial registration

German Register of Clinical Studies,DRKS00015678. Registered on 25 February 2019.
Molecular characterization of RNase III protein of Asaia sp. for developing a robust RNAi-based paratransgensis tool to affect the sexual life-cycle of Plasmodium or Anopheles fitness
Authors: Asgari Majid , Ilbeigikhamsehnejad Mahdokht , Rismani Elham , Dinparast Djadid Navid , Raz Abbasali
Published: January 2020

Background

According to scientific recommendations, paratransgenesis is one of the solutions for improving the effectiveness of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme. In paratransgenesis, symbiont microorganisms are used for distorting or blocking the parasite life-cycle, affecting the fitness and longevity of vectors or reducing the vectorial competence. It has been revealed recently that bacteria could be used as potent tools for double stranded RNA production and delivery to insects. Moreover, findings showed that RNase III mutant bacteria are more competent for this aim.Asaiaspp. have been introduced as potent paratransgenesis candidates for combating malaria and, based on their specific features for this goal, could be considered as effective dsRNA production and delivery tools toAnophelesspp. Therefore, we decided to characterize therncgene and its related protein to provide the basic required information for creating an RNase III mutantAsaiabacterium.

Methods

Asaiabacteria were isolated from field-collectedAnopheles stephensimosquitoes. Therncgene and its surrounding sequences were characterized by rapid amplification of genomic ends. RNase III recombinant protein was expressed inE. coliBL21 and biological activity of the purified recombinant protein was assayed. Furthermore,AsaiaRNaseIII amino acid sequence was analyzed byin silicoapproaches such as homology modeling and docking to determine its structural properties.

Results

In this study, the structure ofrncgene and its related operon fromAsaiasp. was determined. In addition, by performing superimposition and docking with specific substrate, the structural features ofAsaiaRNaseIII protein such as critical residues which are involved and essential for proper folding of active site, binding of magnesium ions and double stranded RNA molecule to protein and cleaving of dsRNA molecules, were determined.

Conclusions

In this study, the basic and essential data for creating an RNase III mutantAsaiasp. strain, which is the first step of developing an efficient RNAi-based paratransgenesis tool, were acquired.Asaiasp. have been found in different medically-important vectors and these data are potentially very helpful for researchers studying paratransgenesis and vector-borne diseases and are interested in applying the RNAi technology in the field.
Correction to: How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading
Authors: Lorenzetti Silvio , Ostermann Mira , Zeidler Fabian , Zimmer Pia , Jentsch Lina , List Renate , Taylor William R. , Schellenberg Florian
Published: January 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the following sentence on page 8: “In general, knee varus (negative ΔD*) is a much more common deficit than valgus, and a more negative ΔD* value in the novice squatters compared to the experienced ones was therefore expected.”
The existential crisis of bipolar II disorder
Authors: Gitlin Michael , Malhi Gin S.
Published: January 2020

The issue of categorical vs. dimensional classification of bipolar disorder continues to generate controversy as it has for generations. Despite the evidence that no psychiatric disorder has discrete boundaries separating pathological and nonpathological states, and within a disorder, no clear differences separate subtypes-which would suggest a more dimensional approach-there are valid reasons to continue with our current categorical system, which distinguishes bipolar I from bipolar II disorder. Complicating the issue, a number of interested constituencies, including patients and their families, clinicians, scientists/researchers, and governmental agencies and insurance companies have different interests and needs in this controversy. This paper reviews both the advantages and disadvantages of continuing the bipolar I/bipolar II split vs. redefining bipolar disorder as one unified diagnosis. Even with one unified diagnosis, other aspects of psychopathology can be used to further describe and classify the disorder. These include both predominant polarity and categorizing symptoms by ACE-activity, cognition and energy. As a field, we must decide whether changing our current classification before we have a defining biology and genetic profile of bipolar disorder is worth the disruption in our current diagnostic system.
Defining interdisciplinary collaboration based on high school teachers’ beliefs and practices of STEM integration using a complex designed system
Authors: Wang Hui-Hui , Charoenmuang Mingla , Knobloch Neil A. , Tormoehlen Roger L.
Published: January 2020

Background

Teachers’ beliefs play an important role in how teachers think about how students learn, and how content should be organized and taught. Integrated STEM is pushing the boundaries of some of the traditional assumptions in education—disciplined-based courses, courses taught independently by teachers, standards and content-driven, and no collaborative planning time for teachers. Six teachers, located in two high schools, participated in a year-long program to develop interdisciplinary collaboration to implement integrated STEM learning in their courses. A qualitative instrumental case study of the two teams of teachers was conducted to gain insights and understandings of the teachers’ beliefs and instructional practices of STEM integration through interdisciplinary approaches in a complex system (i.e., hydroponics).

Results

Themes regarding features, beliefs and practices, and challenges emerged from cross-case analysis of the teachers’ stories, which resulted in two interdisciplinary collaboration models, multi-classroom and extracurricular activity, from each of the teams at each of the two high schools. Multi-classroom and extracurricular activity models had some resemblances, but also had differences. Both cases had the same goals to use real-world problems to help students see STEM connections, learn STEM knowledge and skills, and apply STEM knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems.

Conclusions

Based on teachers’ beliefs and their interdisciplinary STEM collaboration practices, three components were identified. Team size, teaching goal, and collaboration structure highly affect a successful interdisciplinary STEM collaboration model in high school settings. The study also contributes to expend the concept of a continuum of STEM approaches to curriculum integration, disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary (Vasquez, Sneider, & Comer, STEM lesson essentials: Integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, 2013), and provides frameworks for structuring a successful interdisciplinary collaboration model in high school settings.
You shall not pass: how facial variability and feedback affect the detection of low-prevalence fake IDs
Authors: Weatherford Dawn R. , Erickson William Blake , Thomas Jasmyne , Walker Mary E. , Schein Barret
Published: January 2020

In many real-world settings, individuals rarely present another person’s ID, which increases the likelihood that a screener will fail to detect it. Three experiments examined how within-person variability (i.e., differences between two images of the same person) and feedback may have influenced criterion shifting, thought to be one of the sources of the low-prevalence effect (LPE). Participants made identity judgments of a target face and an ID under either high, medium, or low mismatch prevalence. Feedback appeared after every trial, only error trials, or no trials. Experiment 1 used two controlled images taken on the same day. Experiment 2 used two controlled images taken at least 6 months apart. Experiment 3 used one controlled and one ambient image taken at least 1 year apart. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that feedback and greater within-person variability exacerbated the LPE by affecting both criterion and discriminability. These results carry implications for many real-world settings, such as border crossings and airports, where identity screening plays a major role in securing public safety.
A case of localized tracheobronchial relapsing polychondritis with positive matrilin-1 staining
Authors: Makiguchi Tomonori , Koarai Akira , Inoue Chihiro , Aoyama Yayoi , Hirano Taizo , Ohe Takashi , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Shishikura Yutaka , Komuro Hanae , Tsukita Yoko , Tode Naoki , Numakura Tadahisa , Saito Tsutomu , Sato Teruyuki , Mitsuhashi Yoshiya , Tamada Tsutomu , Sugiura Hisatoshi , Ichinose Masakazu
Published: January 2020

Background

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare progressive autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the cartilage of multiple organs. Tracheobronchial involvement appears in nearly half of RPC patients during the course of their disease and represents the main cause of death. Localized tracheobronchial RPC is much rarer, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Matrilin-1 is a non-collagenous cartilage matrix protein and has been suggested to be a potent autoantigen that induces the airway disease of RPC in animal models. However, the expression of matrilin-1 in tracheobronchial tissue in human remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the expression of matrilin-1 in the tracheal and auricular tissues in a localized tracheobronchial RPC patient.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old man with systemic sclerosis presented with cough and dyspnea on exertion. The lung function test showed an expiratory flow limitation and chest computed tomography showed diffuse thickness from the trachea to the bronchiole. No other tests showed abnormal findings. To evaluate further, bronchoscopy was performed and endobronchial ultrasonography showed thickness in the fourth-marginal echo layer suggesting inflammation of the cartilage. However, the tracheal biopsy showed no specific findings. The subsequent surgical tracheal biopsies showed inflammatory cell infiltration with destruction of the cartilage. Neither auricular nor nasal deformity, except for a tracheobronchial lesion, was detected. Biopsy from the left auricular cartilage also did not show any inflammatory changes. Finally, we diagnosed the patient with localized tracheobronchial RPC. To address the hypothesis that autoimmunity against matrilin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of localized tracheobronchial RPC, we evaluated the expression level of matrilin-1 in a tracheal and auricular specimen from this patient. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-matrilin-1 antibody showed matrilin-1 in the tracheal but not in the auricular cartilage.

Conclusions

We first demonstrated the expression of matrilin-1 in tracheal but not in auricular cartilage in a localized tracheobronchial RPC patient. This result supports the possibility that matrilin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of localized tracheobronchial RPC. However, this is only one case report and further observations will be needed to confirm this result.
Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Wang Amy Y. , Muffly Lori S. , Stock Wendy
Published: January 2020

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represent a unique patient population with a disproportionate survival disadvantage compared with younger children. Substantial progress has been made as we began to understand and address the multifaceted drivers behind this outcome disparity. New insights into the biology of B-cell ALL have uncovered distinct genetic characteristics more commonly found in AYAs that affect prognosis. Dramatic improvements in survival have been achieved with the use of pediatric-inspired protocols in the front-line setting, as well as antibody-based and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies in the relapsed and refractory setting. Guided by the incorporation of minimal residual disease testing to inform clinical decision making, these represent major paradigm shifts in management. Efforts to design clinical trials geared toward AYAs and to enroll AYAs in available clinical trials will ensure ongoing progress. Holistic care of AYAs with ALL further involves recognition of psychosocial issues arising as a consequence of their diagnosis and the delivery of age-appropriate supportive care.
Oncologist Burnout Syndrome in Eastern Europe: Results of the Multinational Survey
Authors: Kust Davor , Murgic Jure , Vukovic Petra , Kruljac Ivan , Prpic Marin , Zilic Ana , Lengyel Csongor , Wdowiak Kamil , Simaskaite Lina , Mutlu Gunaydin Ulug , Tica Sedlar Ivana , Fountzilas Elena , Janzic Urska , Coroian Iulia , Durutovic Ivana , Pellegrino Benedetta , Petrova Mila , Huti Emiljana , Napolskaia Elena , Seruga Bostjan , Balenovic Antonija , Frobe Ana , Luetic Kresimir
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:

Burnout is defined as a three-dimensional syndrome—emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA)—caused by chronic occupational stress. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout among oncologists in Eastern Europe and to identify the contributing factors.

METHODS:

The study was conducted as an online survey between October 2017 and March 2018. Oncologists (including medical, radiation, clinical, and surgical oncologists) from 19 countries were invited to participate. The survey consisted of 30 questions, including the standardized burnout instrument, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and eight demographic questions. Burnout risk was scored according to the scoring manual for health care workers.

RESULTS:

The study included 637 oncologists. Overall, 28% were at low or intermediate risk and 72% were at high risk for burnout. Forty-four percent of participants were at high risk for EE, 28.7% for DP, and 47.3% for PA. EE risk was associated with female sex. DP risk was highest among clinical and radiation oncologists, whereas PA risk was positively correlated with years of service, percentage of cancer deaths, and availability of the number of oncologists. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, burnout was significantly associated with standardized cancer mortality and fewer years of practice.

CONCLUSION:

Burnout among oncologists in Eastern Europe is high, and younger oncologists are the most vulnerable group. Preventive measures should be taken to address this issue, which negatively affects optimal care delivery and poses a threat to oncologists’ health and well-being.
Protein Profile Changes in Circulating Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Term and Preterm Births: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Menon Ramkumar , Debnath Chirantan , Lai Andrew , Guanzon Dominic , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Kshetrapal Pallavi , Sheller-Miller Samantha , Salomon Carlos
Published: January 2020

Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) is a major obstetrical problem around the globe and the mechanisms leading to PTB are unclear. Recently, changes in the circulating levels of placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) during pregnancy have been associated with various pregnancy complications. However, progress in the field is hindered by the inability to isolate placental EVs from the maternal circulation. A longitudinal study design was used to determine the protein cargo present in circulating placental EVs in maternal plasma of term and PTB across gestation (ie, first, second, and third trimester). Placental-derived EVs were enriched from the total EV population based on their expression of membrane-bound placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). A quantitative, information-independent acquisition (sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra [SWATH]) approach identified and quantified the placental EV protein contents. PLAP+ EVs did not change in characteristics (size, shape, and markers) but did differ in numbers across gestation with low levels in PTB. A comparison analysis between the PLAP+ EV proteome from term and PTB revealed 96 proteins differing significantly (P < 0.05, false discovery rate 1%) across gestation. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed consistent upregulation of inflammatory pathways in both upregulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways at term and downregulation of coagulation/complement activation in preterm. Characterization of the proteomic profile in PLAP+ EVs across gestation demonstrates dramatic changes, which might be used to understand the biological process associated with early parturition and develop biomarkers for predicting high-risk status for PTB.