bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between teacher efficacy and students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Kyung Ryung , Seo Eun Hee
Published: April 2018

We conducted a meta-analysis by synthesizing the results of 16 studies involving 4,130 teachers to explore whether or not the relationship between teacher efficacy and students' academic achievement was influenced by the scale used to measure teacher efficacy, and/or by the subfactors
of teacher efficacy, length of teaching experience, location of the school, or the students' educational level. The results showed that the mean relationship between teacher efficacy and students' academic achievement was significant but the effect size was small. The results also indicated
that the relationship was influenced by some teacher efficacy measures and subfactors, and by length of teaching experience. In studies in which the measure used was Gibson and Dembo's scale, in regard to classroom management, and in the case of teachers with fewer than 11 years of teaching
experience, the relationship between teacher efficacy and student academic achievement was nonsignificant.
The action mechanism of team learning orientation in promoting team performance
Authors: Wang Yilin , Lei Jiasu
Published: April 2018

We applied the motivated information processing in group (MIP-G) model to examine the relationship between team learning orientation and team performance by conducting a field study of 226 employees in 35 teams. The results showed that team learning orientation was positively related
to team performance, and that team task reflexivity played a partially mediating role in this relationship. Further, team leader–member exchange differentiation strengthened the positive effect of team learning orientation on team task reflexivity, which, in turn, strengthened the indirect
effect of team learning orientation on team performance via the mediator of team task reflexivity. From a theoretical standpoint, we have extended the literature on team-level performance, and from a practical perspective, our results have implications for the management of teams.
Are positive teams more proactive in performing voice behavior? Influence of core self-evaluations on collective voice
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Pan
Published: April 2018

Voice behavior is regarded as being an individual proactive behavior. We suggested that although team members who have a positive self-concept may display voice behavior consistently, the frequency of this behavior would be influenced by the composition of team members' positivity.
Thus, we investigated the relationship between core self-evaluations and collective voice behavior in self-managed teams. Results from analysis of data obtained from 76 student teams (302 team members) who worked on 2 tasks demonstrated that their core self-evaluations had a positive effect
on the likelihood of their performing voice behavior at both the individual and team levels. Moreover, interpersonal team processes fully mediated the relationship between the composition of team core self-evaluations and collective voice at the team level. Theoretical and practical implications
are discussed.
Modulation of forgiveness on processing hurt situations: A study of event-related potentials
Authors: Zhou Yangen , Lu Jiamei , Tang Xiaochen , Hu Chaoyi , Wang Haibin
Published: April 2018

To explore the neuro-mechanism of the time course of processing a hurt situation, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) generated in the brain in response to stimuli in individuals with different degrees of forgiveness. Participants were 216 university students. Of the early ERP
components, the negative-deflecting N1 was modulated neither by degree of forgiveness nor by the hurt situation, and the positive-deflecting P2 was larger for low-forgiveness than for high-forgiveness participants, and for low-hurt than for high-hurt situations. The N2, which identifies and
encodes stimulus, was enhanced in the high-forgiveness group and for high-hurt situations. Importantly, the late positive component (LPC) stage of stimulus evaluation was larger in the high-forgiveness group for high-hurt situations, but in the low-forgiveness group was evident for low-hurt
situations. These data indicate that the modulation of forgiveness on processing hurt situations occurs at the late stage of information processing.
Career calling of nascent entrepreneurs in China: Structure and measurement
Authors: Tian Xizhou , Wu Youyue , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2018

Living out one's calling is a subjective standard of career success. In this study, we used qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the structure and measurement of career calling among young entrepreneurs in a Chinese cultural context. Qualitative data were obtained from a
focus group of 20 entrepreneurs who had graduated from college within the previous 3 years, and quantitative data were obtained from a survey completed by 298 young entrepreneurs. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the entrepreneurial calling of nascent entrepreneurs
in China can be accurately measured with a 13-item scale that includes 2 dimensions: purpose and meaningfulness. The Brief Career Calling Scale for Nascent Entrepreneurs that we developed in this study is a practical and convenient measure that will be useful for academic research and for
counselors and practitioners assessing young peoples' career progress.
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affecting impulse-buying tendency in mobile shopping
Authors: Lee Heejung
Published: April 2018

I investigated whether or not the components of the technology acceptance model (TAM), such as cognitive and affective factors, could predict impulse-buying tendency and shopping attitude in a mobile shopping environment. Participants were 234 consumers who had experience of mobile
shopping. I conducted this survey using an online survey system provided by a research company. Results showed that cognitive absorption as an affective factor (intrinsic motivation) was related positively to cognitive factors (extrinsic motivations). In addition, cognitive absorption had
a significantly positive influence on impulse-buying tendency. Among cognitive factors of the TAM, perceived usefulness affected impulse-buying tendency positively; however, perceived ease of use did not significantly influence impulse-buying tendency. Lastly, I found impulse-buying tendency
affected mobile shopping attitude positively. My results suggest that showing an impulse-buying tendency in a mobile shopping environment has a positive impact on shopping attitude.
How supervisor narcissism contributes to employee silence: Roles of negative anticipations and leader–member exchange
Authors: Wang Hua-qiang , Zhang Guang-lei , Ding Zhi-hui , Cheng Zhi-hui
Published: April 2018

We integrated the theory of reasoned action and leader–member exchange (LMX) to construct a research model of the relationship between supervisor narcissism and employee silence. Through a 3-wave survey with 292 employees of 3 Chinese companies, we examined the relationship between
supervisor narcissism and employee silence, the mediating role of negative anticipations, and the moderating role of LMX. Results showed that supervisor narcissism had a significant positive impact on employee silence, and negative anticipations played a partial mediating role between them.
LMX significantly moderated the relationship between supervisor narcissism and negative anticipations, with a positive correlation between supervisor narcissism and negative anticipations that was more significant in the condition of low LMX than in high LMX. We also found that LMX negatively
moderated the mediating effect of negative anticipations on the relationship between supervisor narcissism and employee silence, whereby the higher the quality of the LMX the weaker was the mediating effect.
Macular and choroidal thickness of children with Familial Mediterranean Fever gene mutation
Authors: BATTAL Fatih , AYLANC Hakan , YİLDİRİM Sule , EKİM Yeliz , SİLAN Fatma , OZDEMİR Ozturk
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The
present study aimed to evaluate macular and choroidal thicknesses in children
with MEFV gene mutations.Methods: Thirty-five children
with MEFV gene mutations and 40 healthy controls were included in the study.
MEFV gene profiles for the current cohort were genotyped by Pyrosequencing and
direct Sanger sequencing techniques. The thicknesses of the macular and choroid
of each subject’s right eye were measured using spectral-domain optic coherence
tomography.Results: Mean
arteriolar and venular diameters were 95.75±11.98 µm and 127.61±10.44 µm in
children with the MEFV gene mutations and 110.19±11.10 µm and 138.54±10.04 µm
in control group respectively. Children with the MEFV gene mutations were found
to have a significantly less mean arteriolar diameter (p<0.001), mean
venular diameter (p<0.001), less macular thickness (p=0.016), and less
choroidal thickness (p=0.014) compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion: Children with the
MEFV gene mutations had narrowing of the retinal
arterioles, retinal venules, and macular and choroidal thinning. Future studies
should aim to investigate endothelial dysfunction in children with Familial
Mediterranean Fever by non-invasive and effective methods.
THE GROWTH OF Tanypus punctipennis Meigen (DIPTERA, CHIRONOMIDAE) LARVAE IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE AND pH
Authors: GÜLBUNAR Firuze , Aydın Gazel Burcu , ÇAMUR-ELİPEK Belgin
Published: April 2018

Recent
taxonomic studies suggest that findings of larval chironomids should be
supported also by adult findings in order to obtain more robust and reliable
results on the studied group. Moreover identifications of larvae of some
species can be made to genus level only due to similarities of some larval
characteristics in different species. In such cases, species level
identifications can be achieved by the growth of larvae in laboratory
conditions. Also, larval culturing under optimum growth conditions will not
only make it easy to provide materials for experimental studies and but also
achievement of larvae with a higher biomass value to be used as food in the
sector. In this study, Tanypus
punctipennis Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae), a very common species in Turkish Thrace, was used
as the model organism for culture studies. Individual larvae were cultured from
third instar stage to adult form under laboratory conditions. A simple and
cheap method is offered for experimental studies on larval growths of chironomids
and the effects of water temperature and pH, both with very important roles in
larval culturing, were determined. The overall results of laboratory tests
showed that the temperature value of 25°C and 7-8 pH interval were the optimal
laboratory conditions for culture of T.
punctipennis larvae.
Effects of Heparin on Early Patency of Arteriovenous Fistula in Angioaccess Surgery of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Mozafar Mohamamd , Hoseinzadegan Fatemeh , Lotfollahzadeh Saran , Baikpour Maryam , Amraei Razie , Solatpour Farhad , Baikpour Masoud
Published: April 2018

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is now the optimal method of obtaining vascular access for dialysis. Measures such as systemic anticoagulation have been proposed as means of increasing patency rates but enough evidence does not exist to support their application. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative heparin injection on patency of AVF during the first 24 hours after surgery and to determine whether such measure can be used to prevent early thrombosis of the vascular access.Methods: The study was carried out on 150 patients admitted to Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital for permanent vascular access placement during 2011-2012. 75 patients were randomly assigned to receive 100 units/kg of heparin intraoperatively and at 24 hours post-surgery AVF patency rate was assessed and compared to the control group. Results: All the 75 patients who had received heparin intraoperatively had a patent arteriovenous fistula 24 hours post-surgery which showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group among which only 69 (92%) patients had a functioning AV fistula (p-value= 0.028).Conclusions: Our results show that systemic anticoagulation with heparin can be considered as an effective option in preventing vascular access failure. However, considering the contradictory data on the usefulness of heparin injection, larger trials are needed to evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of systemic intraoperative anticoagulation in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients before qualifying it as a method of increasing AVF patency in these patients
Melanoma in an obese diabetic adolescent
Authors: Mozzillo Enza
Published: April 2018

Aim: The study was aimed to describe an obese and type 2 diabetic male adolescent with necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) and melanoma. Methods: The patient aged 13 years suffered from skin lesions showing hyperemic and hyperpigmented subcutaneous nodular plaques of different dimensions in the lower limbs. Results: The biopsy of lesions revealed NL and melanoma, this was radically removed with excisional biopsy. No metastasis has occurred after six months of follow up. Conclusion: NL and melanoma should be taken a serious consideration and suspicion in distinguishing from other common or benign skin lesions.
Clinical characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in Chengdu, China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rong Luo
Published: April 2018

Objective: To describe the subtypes, motor function, and comorbidities of cerebral palsy (CP) in children in Chengdu, China.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of children with CP was performed in 2013 and participants were enrolled from the branches of China Disabled Persons’ Federation in Chengdu. Diagnosis, clinical subtypes, gross and fine motor function outcomes, and comorbidities of CP were determined through caregiver interviews, evaluation of medical records, and thorough physical examinations.Results: Four-hundred and twenty-two children were diagnosed with CP (mean age, 7.7 ± 3.8 years). Spastic diplegia was the predominating subtype (35%). Mild impairments in gross and fine motor function were present in 45% and 52% of the patients, respectively. Cognitive impairment (60%) was the most common comorbidity, and was followed by language disorder (41%) and microcephaly (35%). About 79% of children with cerebral palsy had at least one comorbidity, and the number of cumulative comorbidities was positively correlated with Gross Motor Function Classification System and Manual Ability Classification System scores. Preterm birth (52%) was the most common risk factor, and was followed by low birth weight (42%) and birth asphyxia (27%).Conclusion: Distributions of CP subtypes, motor functions, and comorbidities in a Chinese population were similar to those in developed countries, but different from those in other developing countries. The trend for decreased numbers of children with preterm CP since 2009 indicates an improvement in neonatal care. However, perinatal healthcare should still be improved to reduce the occurrence of birth asphyxia.
Implementation of Thematic Instructional Model in Elementary School
Authors: Chumdari Chumdari
Published: April 2018

The
purpose of this research is to know the implementation of thematic
instructional model and the achievement of student learning outcomes in the
field of knowledge, skills, and attitude/character. This quantitative research
was conducted in Elementary School in Surakarta City, from November 2015 to
February 2016.The teachers and 63,433 students from 253 elementary schools
became the population of this study. Samples were obtained through multistage
cluster random sampling technique. The samples were eight classes from six
schools in Laweyan Sub-district. Data collection involved observation,
interview, questionnaire, and documentation technique. Data analysis used
comparative analysis technique. The result of the research showed that in
general, the thematic learning works appropriately. It can be elaborated as
follows: (1)The planning and implementation of thematic learning is classified
appropriate, (2) Student learning activity is less optimal mainly due to
direct learning methods, (3) Average score of learning implementation is 76.5
on a scale from 0-100, (4) Average score of learning outcomes in terms of
knowledge and skills is 83.5 on a scale from 0-100, (5) Average score of
attitude aspect (behavior, craft, and neatness) is classified as ‘Good’, (5)
Average score of student characters is 2.77 on a scale from 0-4. The score is
categorized ‘Good’ or ‘in progress’, in which the studentshave shown particular
behaviorsbut inconsistent. This character should be improved. In overall, the
thematic model in Elementary School has been successfully implemented.
Students' Responses towards D-PBL Learning Model in the Material of Payment System and Means of Economic Exchange
Authors: Sarı Noviyana , Santoso Sigit , Murtını Wiedy
Published: April 2018

This study aims to determine the student's response to the D-PBL learning model on the material of payment system and the means of economic exchange. The research method used was pre-experimental design using one-shot case study design. The sample of this research were 21 tenth grade students of high schools in Indonesia. The data collection methods used in this study were interviews, observations and questionnaires. Observations were used to assess the syntax implementation of the D-PBL learning model in the classroom learning process, and the questionnaire was used to find out the students' responses to the D-PBL model covering the display aspect, material relevance aspects, contextual learning aspects, and advantage aspects. The observation data were analysed using Guttman scale while the students' responses were analysed using five-point Likert scale. The results showed that the syntaxes implementation of the D-PBL model in the classroom learning process was 100%, and the average score of the students' responses to the D-PBL model was categorized as very good with a score of 91.9%. This study also showed that the students responded very positively to the D-PBL learning model. This indicates that the D-PBL learning model aims to construct the knowledge of the students through meaningful problem solving as well as to assist them in understanding the material of the payment system and the means of economic exchange.
Türkiye’de Tıp Fakülteleri Temel Tıp Bilimlerinin Ders Saatleri ve Akademisyen Sayılarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: BENLİ Ali Ramazan , İNCİ Habibe , CEBECİK Aybala , SUNAY Didem
Published: April 2018

Giriş:
Tıp eğitimi uzun yıllar tartışılmış, çeşitli standardizasyon tanımlamaları
yapılmış ve teknolojideki gelişmelere paralel olarak yeni eğitim metotları
gündeme gelmiştir. Başarılı bir hekim olabilmek klinik deneyimin yanı sıra çok
iyi bir teorik alt yapı gerektirmektedir. Amaç:
Türkiye’de eğitim veren tıp fakültelerinde temel tıp bilimi eğitiminde ders
saatlerinin ve akademisyen sayılarının üniversitelere göre değişiminin
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç
ve Yöntem: Türkiye’de eğitim veren 82 tıp fakültesinden
eğitim öğretim programlarına internet üzerinden ulaşılabilen 41 fakültenin ders
saatleri kaydedildi. Temel tıp bölümlerindeki öğretim üyelerinin sayıları ve
temel tıp bilimleri ders saatleri belirlendi. Analizler tanımlayıcı
istatistikler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular:
Eğitim saati en fazla olan dersler Biyokimya (149 saat) ve Patoloji (127
saat)  ve Mikrobiyoloji (124 saat)
olurken tıp tarihi ve deontoloji dersi ile davranış bilimleri dersi en az
eğitim saati olan derslerdi. En fazla temel tıp bilimleri öğretim elemanı
Ankara Üniversitesi’nde (108 kişi) yer alırken Amasya Üniversitesi’nde hiç
öğretim elemanı olmadığı belirlendi.

Sonuç:
Türkiye’de temel tıp bilimleri eğitiminde üniversiteler arasında
standardizasyon olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu durum tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin
becerilerinin farklı biçimlerde gelişmesine neden olabilir.  Temel tıp bilimi dersleri verilebilmesi için
şartların belirlenmesi tıp eğitiminde standart sağlayabilecektir.
Hastane Öncesi̇ Sağlık Profesyonelleri̇ne Yöneli̇k Travma İleri̇ Yaşam Desteği̇ Eği̇ti̇m Programı
Authors: OK Okan , VATANSEVER Kevser , ŞENER ARAZ Ebru , AGAH M. Haluk , DURAK H. İbrahim
Published: April 2018

AmaçÇalışmanın amacı, hastane öncesinde
karşılaşılma ve ölüm oranı yüksek vakalar arasında yer alan travmaya, daha
etkili, doğru ve acil müdahale edebilmek için, öğrenen merkezli, küçük grup
çalışması içeren, uygulama ve simülasyon ağırlıklı, gerçek yaşam ortamlarıyla
uyumlu, öğrenenlerin uzak transferini kolaylaştırmayı, yaşam boyu öğrenmeyi
içselleştirmeyi amaçlayan bir eğitim programı olarak hayata geçirilen “Travma
İleri Yaşam Desteği Eğitimi (TİYDE) ”nin tanıtılmasıdır.Gereç ve YöntemAraştırmada inceleme materyali olarak Haziran-Ekim 2015 zaman aralığında 89
katılımcı ile 4 kez uygulanan TİYDE ele alınmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler
için IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0
kullanılmıştır. Ön-test, son-test ve uygulama sınavları için frekans
dağılımları hesaplanmış, karşılaştırmalı analizler için ki-kare testi
uygulanmıştır.   Bulgularİstatistiksel
bulgularda; her kurs için uygulama sınavlarındaki task gruplarına yönelik
başarı oranları, ön-test ve son-test ortalamaları, kurslar arası uygulama sınav
sonuçları ve cinsiyete göre ön-test, son-test ve uygulama sınavları
karşılaştırılmıştır.Sonuç

TİYDE
programı, ülkemizde 4C-ID yöntemi kullanılarak tasarlanmış ilk eğitim
programıdır. Karmaşık beceri öğretiminin hedeflendiği 4C-ID öğretim tasarımı
modelinin şablonu travma eğitiminin içeriği ve amacıyla bire bir örtüştüğü için
başarılı ve etkin bir eğitim programı ortaya çıkmıştır. Travma eğitiminde ve
diğer karmaşık öğrenme gerektiren beceri eğitimlerinde 4C-ID yönteminin
kullanıldığı başka çalışmalara da gereksinim vardır.
Ondokuz Mayıs Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Tıp Fakültesi Mezunu Uzmanlık Öğrenci̇leri̇ni̇n Yeterli̇kleri̇ İle İlgi̇li̇ Öğretim Üyeleri̇nin Görüşleri
Authors: MIDIK Özlem , GÜNGÖR Levent , ARTIRAN İĞDE Füsun A.
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile öğretim
üyelerinin, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi (OMÜTF)’nde mezuniyet
öncesi eğitim alan uzmanlık öğrencilerinin yeterlikleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin
tespit edilmesiamaçlanmaktadır.  Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı
bu çalışma, OMÜTF’de mezuniyet öncesi eğitim alan ve halen uzmanlık
eğitimlerini sürdüren öğrencilerin bulundukları bölümlerdeki öğretim üyelerine
uygulanmıştır. Genel memnuniyet düzeyi, yeterlik düzeyi, sorunlar ve çözüm
önerileri ile katılımcı öğretim üyesi bilgilerinin yer aldığıanket ile veriler
toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin tanımlayıcı analizlerinin yanısıra, kategorik
değişkenler için Kikare testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil
edilen 99 öğretim üyesi/eğiticinin 68'i (%68,69) OMÜTF’nde çalışmakta olup, 29'u (%29,29) kurum
dışındandır.Söz konusu eğiticilerin kendi birimlerinde uzmanlık
öğrencisi olarak görev yapan OMÜTF mezunları ile ilgili genel memnuniyet düzeyleri
yüksekolsa daekip üyesi, lider ve yönetici, eğitici, mesleki değer
ve ilkeler, sürekli mesleki gelişim, kültürel yetkinlik, bilişsel ve üst düzey
beceriler alanında yeterlik düzeylerini düşük olarak algıladıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.

Sonuç: Ülkemizde ilk kez uygulanan çalışmadan elde edilen veriler mezuniyet öncesi eğitim
programının iyileştirilmesi ve geliştirilmesi için kullanılacaktır.
Fizyoloji Eğitiminde Öğrenci Uygulamalarının Mevcut Durumunun İrdelenmesi ve İyileştirme Önerileri
Authors: ŞAHİNER Melike , YEĞEN Berrak
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Klinik
problemleri çözümleyebilen yetkin hekimlerin yetişebilmesi için, temel
fizyolojik kavramların uygun, yeterli ve klinik uygulamalarla
ilişkilendirilerek kullanılabilir şekilde verilmesi beklenir. Planlanan bu
çalışma ile, Türkiye’deki tıp fakültelerinde yapılmakta olan fizyoloji
uygulamalarının bir haritasını çıkarmak, sorunlarını ortaya koymak ve olası
çözüm önerileri geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Fizyoloji
uygulama eğitimlerinin mevcut durumu ile bu eğitimleri planlayıp yürüten
anabilim dallarının görüşlerinin sorgulandığı bir anket ve bu ankete dayanarak
planlanmış bir atölye çalışması düzenlenmiştir. Bulgular: Ankete
katılan tıp fakülteleri  fizyoloji
anabilim dallarında (n=35) fizyoloji uygulama eğitimlerinin ağırlıklı olarak 2.
sınıfta (% 97,1) yer aldığı, uygulamaların büyük bölümünün sinir-kas-duyu, kan,
kalp-dolaşım ve solunum sistemleri ile ilgili olduğu, amaç ve hedeflerinin
belirlenmiş, föylerin/kitapçıkların hazırlanmış olduğu, uygulama eğitimlerinin
daha çok hem beceri kazanmaya hem de teorik bilgiyi desteklemeye (% 60) yönelik
planlandığı; buna karşın öğrencileri uygulamaları her zaman tek başına yapabilme şansına sahip olan anabilim dallarının
oranının düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir. Uygulamaların yaklaşık dörtte birinde
bilgisayar yazılımları ve altıda birinde ise deney hayvanları kullanılmaktadır.
Uygulamalarının değerlendirmelerini uygulamanın sonrasında veya rapor
tesliminde not vererek ya da dönem/kurul sonunda uygulamalı laboratuvar sınavı
ile yapan fizyoloji anabilim dalları olduğu gibi, uygulamalar ile ilgili hiçbir
zaman değerlendirme yapmayan önemli oranda (% 37,1) anabilim dalı bulunmaktadır.

Sonuç: Atölye
çalışmasında yer alan tartışmalarda, uygulamaların yürütülmesinde yaşanan
sorunların altyapı, öğrenciler ve öğretim üyelerine ait çeşitli nedenlerden
kaynaklandığını belirlenmiştir. Fizyoloji
uygulamalarının öğrenim hedeflerinin ve öğretim/ölçme-değerlendirme
yöntemlerinin yeniden belirlenmesinin uygulamalarda gözlenen düşük öğrenci
motivasyonunu artırılabileceği ve fizyolojinin kavranmasının kolaylaştırılacağı
öngörülmektedir.
Simüle hastalar: onları ne motive eder ve ihtiyaçları nedir?
Authors: Edirne Tamer , Özdemir Serdar , Kara Cüneyt O.
Published: April 2018

Amaç Kaynakların kısıtlı olduğu kurumlarda gönüllü simüle hastaların çalışma
nedenlerinin ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi, bu grubun ücretsiz
olarak desteğini sürdürmek açısından faydalı olabilir. Bu çalışmada, Temel
İnsan İhtiyaç Teorisini kullanarak, simüle hastaların neden gönüllü olarak
simulasyon eğitimine katıldıklarını araştırmayı amaçladık.    Gereç ve yöntem Kalitatif araştırma yöntemi kullanarak dokuz simüle
hasta ile derinlemesine görüşme yaptık. Görüşmeler içerik analizi ilkelerine
göre kayıt altınaalında ve analiz edildi. Simüle hastaların tıp eğitimine neden
gönüllü olarak destek verdiklerini anlamak için Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar
Hiyerarşisi kuramsal çerçeve olarak kullanıldı. 
BulgularBu çalışmada simüle hastaların genital muayeneden çekindiklerini, bir
gruba ait olmayı sevdiklerini, tıp öğrencilerinin eğitiminden sorumluluk
duyduklarını, ihtiyaç duyulmayı ve kabul edilmeyi takdir ettiklerini ve iyi
performans kaygısı taşıdıklarını saptadık. Sonuç

Bu çalışmada gönüllü simüle hastaların ihtiyaçları ile ilgili teoriye
dayalı bulgular sunulmuştur. Gönüllü simüle hastaların ihtiyaçlarını nasıl
karşılarız sorusu evrensel bireysel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasını açıklayan Temel
İnsan İhtiyaç Modelinin uygulanması ile cevaplanabilir. Simüle hastalar
açısından kendini güvende hissetmek, ihtiyaç duyulduğunu ve değer verildiğini
görmek, onların mutlu olmaları sağlayarak çalışma isteklerini artırabilir ve
desteklerinin sürmesi sağlayabilir.
Hasta-Hekim Yönelim Ölçeğinin (HHYÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması
Authors: Özdemir Serdar , Edirne Tamer
Published: April 2018

Amaç
Bu çalışmada orijinal ismi The
Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale olan Hasta-Hekim Yönelim Ölçeğinin
(HHYÖ) Türkçeye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Buna göre ölçeğin Türkçe formunun
orijinal İngilizce form ile dilsel eşdeğerlik taşıdığı, benzer geçerlik,
güvenirlik ve faktör yapısına sahip olduğu hipotezleri sınanmıştır.  YöntemAraştırmada öncelikle 18 maddeden oluşan
ölçek çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi ile Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. Çevirinin dilsel
eşdeğerliği iki dilli grup deseni kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Bunun için
İngilizce bilen tıp fakültesi öğrencilerine (n=71) test-tekrar test yöntemine
göre uygulanan ölçeğin kaynak ve hedef dildeki maddeleri arasındaki
ilişkiler Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ile incelenmiştir. Geçerlik ve
güvenirlik analizleri için Türkçe ölçek iki farklı tıp fakültesindeki 1. sınıf
öğrencilerine  (n=379) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin
yapı geçerliğini ortaya koymak amacıyla Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizi Cronbach Alfa iç
tutarlılık katsayısı hesaplanarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar
Hasta Hekim İlişkisine Yönelik
Tutum Ölçeğinde yer alan maddelerin orijinal maddeler ile 0.41 ile 0.71
arasında (p<0,01) anlamlı dilsel eşdeğerlik gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. İlk
açımlayıcı faktör analizinde faktörlerin içerisine oturmayan ve faktör
ağırlıkları 0,25’den düşük olarak saptanan dört madde dışarıda bırakılmıştır.
Geriye kalan 14 madde ile yapılan ikinci analizin sonucuna göre Türkçe
maddelerin orijinal ölçekte yer alan maddeler ile benzer yük aldıkları
görülmüştür. Ölçeğin toplam Cronbach Alfa değeri 0.80, paylaşım alt boyutu için
bu değer 0,732; bakım alt boyutu için ise 0,653 hesaplanmış ve kabul edilebilir düzeyde
bulunmuştur. Tartışma

Bu sonuçlara göre Hasta-Hekim
Yönelim Ölçeğinin Türkiye’deki araştırmalarda kullanılabilecek, dilsel eşdeğerliğe sahip,
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
KBB Asistan Eğitiminde Standardizasyon Paneli: Uzmanlık Öğrencileri ve Eğiticilerin Görüşleri
Authors: KARA Cüneyt Orhan , Daloğlu Mustafa
Published: April 2018

Bu yazıda 39. Türk Ulusal Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Kongresini de düzenlenmiş olan “KBB Asistan Eğitiminde Standardizasyon” başlıklı paneldeki konuşmalar özetlenmiştir. KBB Uzmanlık eğitimindeki öğrencilerin ve eğiticilerin gözünden sorunlar ve olası çözüm önerileri dile getirilmiştir.
Prediction of Post-Traumatic Headache in Iraqi Civilians by Measuring S-100B and Neuron Specific Enolase concentrations and by regarding headache in the emergency room
Authors: Fuad Zeina F. , M. Kamil Mohammed
Published: April 2018

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is defined by the International Headache Society as a headache developing within seven days of the injury or after regaining consciousness.PTH is commonly associated with memory and concentration problems, sensitivity to loud sounds or bright lights, fatigue and many symptoms including insomnia, dizziness, poor and personality changes like depression and nervousness. The total number of participants in this study is one hundred and three, fifty-three of them (36 males and 17 females) are in the case group while the other fifty (29 males and 21 females) are in the control group. All of them aged between 20-40 years. Only 25 patients had headache in ER, while 29 of them visited the out patient’s clinic suffering from post traumatic headache in the next two months. The mean of S100B and that of NSE in case group are higher than that in control group. Regarding the gender, the mean of S100B is higher in males of case group than that in control group, while the mean of NSE in males and females in case group is higher than that in control group. The means of S100B and NSE in patients who had a headache in ER are higher than that in patients with no headache. The means of S-100 B and NSE in patients complaining of a post-traumatic headache who had a headache in ER are higher than that in patients also complaining from a posttraumatic headache but had no headache in ER. S-100 B and NSE are useful biochemical markers for brain injury in mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) patients and seem to be associated with the presence of a headache in ER after trauma. These biochemical markers with a headache in ER can predict a post-traumatic headache in the near future.
Modal Noneism: Transworld Identity, Identification, and Individuation
Authors: Berto Francesco
Published: April 2018

Noneism a is form of Meinongianism, proposed by Richard Routley and developed and improved by Graham Priest in his widely discussed book Towards Non-Being. Priest's noneism is based upon the double move of (a) building a worlds semantics including impossible worlds, besides possible ones, and (b) admitting a new comprehension principle for objects, differerent from the ones proposed in other kinds of neo-Meinongian theories, such as Parsons' and Zalta's. The new principle has no restrictions on the sets of properties that can deliver objects, but parameterizes the having of properties by objects to worlds. Modality is therefore explicitly built in - so the approach can be conveniently labeled as "modal noneism". In this paper, I put modal noneism to work by testing it against classical issues in modal logic and semantics. It turns out that - perhaps surprisingly - the theory (1) performs well in problems of transworld identity, which are frequently considered to be the difficult ones in the literature; (2) faces a limitation, albeit not a severe one, when one comes to transworld individuation, which is often taken (especially after Kripke's notorious 'stipulation' solution) as an easy issue, if not a pseudo-problem; and (3) may stumble upon a real trouble when dealing with what I shall call 'extensionally indiscernible entities' - particular nonexistent objects modal noneism is committed to.
Notes on Some Ideas in Lloyd Humberstone’s Philosophical Applications of Modal Logic
Authors: Kuhn Steven , Weatherson Brian
Published: April 2018

Lloyd Humberstone’s recently published Philosophical Applications of Modal Logic presents a number of new ideas in modal logic as well explication and critique of recent work of many others. We extend some of these ideas and answer some questions that are left open in the book.
Three Schools of Paraconsistency
Authors: Tanaka Koji
Published: April 2018

A logic is said to be paraconsistent if it does not allow everything to follow from contradictory premises. There are several approaches to paraconsistency. This paper is concerned with several philosophical positions on paraconsistency. In particular, it concerns three ‘schools’ of paraconsistency: Australian, Belgian and Brazilian. The Belgian and Brazilian schools have raised some objections to the dialetheism of the Australian school. I argue that the Australian school of paraconsistency need not be closed down on the basis of the Belgian and Brazilian schools’ objections. In the appendix of the paper, I also argue that the Brazilian school’s view of logic is not coherent.
Tonk Strikes Back∗
Authors: Bonnay Denis , Simmenauer Benjamin
Published: April 2018

What is a logical constant? In which terms should we characterize the meaning of logical words like “and”, “or”, “implies”? An attractive answer is: in terms of their inferential roles, i.e. in terms of the role they play in building inferences. More precisely, we favor an approach, going back to Dosen and Sambin, in which the inferential role of a logical constant is captured by a double line rule which introduces it as reflecting structural links (for example, multiplicative conjunction reflects comma on the right of the turnstyle). Rule-based characterizations of logical constants are subject to the well known objection of Prior’s fake connective, tonk. We show that some double line rules also give rise to such pseudo logical constants. But then, we are able to find a property of a double line rules which guarantee that it defines a genuine logical constant. Thus we provide an alternative answer to Belnap’s requirement of conservatity in terms of a local requirement on double line rules.
Some non-standard interpretations of the axiomatic basis of Leśniewski’s Ontology
Authors: Urbaniak Rafał
Published: April 2018

We propose an intuitive understanding of the statement: ‘an axiom (or: an axiomatic basis) determines the meaning of the only specific constant occurring in it.’ We introduce some basic semantics for functors of the category s/n,n of Lesniewski’s Ontology. Using these results we prove that the popular claim that the axioms of Ontology determine the meaning of the primitive constants is false.
Expressive Three-valued Truth Functions
Authors: Pollard Stephen
Published: April 2018

The expressive truth functions of two-valued logic have all been characterized, as have the expressive unary truth functions of finitely-many-valued logic. This paper introduces some techniques for identifying expressive functions in three-valued logics.
An atomic theory with no prime models
Authors: Ahmed Tarek Sayed
Published: April 2018

We construct an atomic uncountable theory with no prime models. This contrasts with the countable case.
Logical dynamics meets logical pluralism?
Authors: Van Benthem Johan
Published: April 2018

Where is logic heading today? There is a general feeling that the discipline is broadening its scope and agenda beyond classical foundational issues, and maybe even a concern that, like Stephen Leacock’s famous horseman, it is ‘riding off madly in all directions’. So, what is the resultant vector? There seem to be two broad answers in circulation today. One is logical pluralism, locating the new scope of logic in charting a wide variety of reasoning styles, often marked by non-classical structural rules of inference. This is the new program that I subscribed to in my work on sub-structural logics around 1990, and it is a powerful movement today. But gradually, I have changed my mind about the crux of what logic should become. I would now say that the main issue is not variety of reasoning styles and notions of consequence, but the variety of informational tasks performed by intelligent interacting agents, of which inference is only one among many, involving observation, memory, questions and answers, dialogue, or general communication. And logical systems should deal with a wide variety of these, making information-carrying events first-class citizens in their set-up. The purpose of this brief paper is to contrast and compare the two approaches, drawing freely on some insights from earlier published papers. In particular, I will argue that logical dynamics sets itself the more ambitious diagnostic goal of explaining why substructural phenomena occur, by ‘deconstructing’ them into classical logic plus an explicit account of the relevant informational events.
Logical Pluralism Hollandaise
Authors: Priest Graham
Published: April 2018

Johan van Benthem compares and contrasts two research programmes, which he calls logical pluralism and logical dynamics, stating his ‘preference’ for the second of these ‘alternatives’. In this note I want to put the matter into a slightly different perspective.
Функція трансплантата правої частки печінки від живого родинного донора
Authors: Коtenko О. G. , Міnich А. А. , Hrynenko О. V. , Popov О. О. , Gusev А. V. , Grygorian М. S. , Fedorov D. О. , Yednak V. І.
Published: April 2018

Мета. Порівняння функціональної активності печінки після трансплантації правої частки від живого родинного донора з серединною веною та без неї.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати 75 трансплантацій правої частки печінки від живого родинного донора у двох групах реципієнтів: 1–ша група – реципієнти (37), яким трансплантовано праву частку печінки з серединною веною, 2–га група – реципієнти (38), яким трансплантовано праву частку печінки без серединної вени. Для аналізу використовували дані біохімічних показників крові в обох групах протягом першого тижня та на 10, 14, 21, 30–ту добу після трансплантації.
Результати. Встановлено, що пікові рівні аланінамінотрансферази (АЛТ), аспартатамінотранферази (АСТ) і загального білірубіну були вищими у 2–й групі (відповідно 384,43; 399,77 і 206,70), ніж у 1–й групі (відповідно 212,64; 285,57; 203,18). Суттєвої різниці між рівнями гамаглутамілтранспептидази (ГГТП), лужної фосфотази (ЛФ), показниками протромбінового часу (ПЧ) і міжнародного нормалізованого співвідношення (МНС) не було.
Висновки. Формування адекватного венозного відтоку від п’ятого та восьмого сегментів трансплантата правої частки печінки забезпечує ефективність його функціонування. Функція трансплантата правої частки печінки з серединною веною відновлюється більш повноцінно порівняно з трансплантатом без серединної вени за рахунок відсутності венозного застою в правій частці печінки.
Можливості комп’ютерної томографії для діагностики місцевих ускладнень некротичного панкреатиту згідно з переглянутою класифікацією (Атланта, 2012).
Authors: Desyateryk V. І. , Кrykun М. S. , Frantsev V. P.
Published: April 2018

Мета. Вивчити діагностичну цінність комп’ютерної томографії (КТ) щодо змін, пов’язаних з розвитком інтра– та перипанкреатичних скупчень, згідно з переглянутою класифікацією (Атланта, 2012), для своєчасного доповнення чи зміни лікувальної тактики.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежені 62 пацієнти. Всі пацієнти розділені на дві групи: основну і порівняльну. До основної групи увійшли 30 (48,38%) пацієнтів, що перебували в клініці з 2014–2016 рр. Цим хворим за показаннями проводили КТ, а гострий панкреатит (ГП) класифікували у відповідності з переглянутою класифікацією (Атланта, 2012). До порівняльної групи увійшли 32 (51,62%) пацієнти, яких спостерігали у 2011–2013 рр., у них використана перша класифікація (Атланта, 1992), а КТ проводили не системно.
Результати. КТ має відмінні діагностичні можливості щодо виявлення інтра– та перипанкреатичних скупчень рідини у хворих з ГП: чутливість – 84,62%, специфічність – 100%, площа під ROC–кривою – 0,923 (р < 0,001).
Оптимальний результат діагностики інтра– та перипанкреатичних скупчень рідини у хворих з ГП отримано при комплексному застосуванні разом лабораторних даних і клінічних симптомів та КТ: чутливість – 96,15%, специфічність – 100%, площа під ROC–кривою – 0,962 (р < 0,001).
Висновки. В переглянутій класифікації (Атланта, 2012) передбачене раннє використання КТ з метою своєчасного виявлення місцевих ускладнень некротичного панкреатиту, що дає додаткові можливості для корекції лікувальної тактики. Використання КТ разом з клінічними та лабораторними даними для діагностики місцевих ускладнень некротичного панкреатиту покращує діагностичні можливості кожного з цих методів, а в сукупності вони в цілому підвищують чутливість діагностичного комплексу до 96,15%.
Якість життя хворих із хронічним панкреатитом після хірургічного лікування
Authors: Khrunyk А. D.
Published: April 2018

Вступ. Для оцінки результатів хірургічного лікування хворих із хронічним панкреатитом (ХП) важлива їх власна думка про ефективність проведених лікувальних заходів: наскільки суб’єктивно змінено якість життя (ЯЖ), яка в післяопераційному періоді залежить від виду оперативного втручання.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз анкет (опитувальник SF–36) 41 пацієнта перед оперативними втручаннями з приводу ХП та після них.
Результати. Після повздовжньої панкреатоентеростомії та дуоденозберігаючих резекцій головки підшлункової залози (ПЗ) ЯЖ хворих краща порівняно з резекційними методиками, після яких в 3 – 2,5 разу нижчі показники за шкалами RP та RE.
Висновок. Показник фізичного компонента здоров’я у віддаленому післяопераційному періоді підтверджує доцільність застосування паренхімозберігаючих операцій у хворих із ХП.
Використання сучасних мініінвазивних хірургічних технологій у лікуванні поєднаної патології анального каналу і прямої кишки
Authors: Zakharash М. P. , Balytskyy V. V. , Кuryk О. G.
Published: April 2018

Мета. Покращити результати хірургічного лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією анального каналу і прямої кишки за рахунок використання апарата радіохвильової хірургії «Surgitron».
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 236 пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією анального каналу і прямої кишки з використанням апарата радіохвильової хірургії «Surgitron».
Результати та їх обговорення. Дослідженням встановлено, що використання апарата радіохвильової хірургії «Surgitron» зменшує тривалість операції до (15 ± 5) хв, об’єм крововтрати – до (20 ± 10) мл, потребу в наркотичних аналгетиках – до (2 ± 1) мл, тривалість стаціонарного лікування – до (4 ± 1) день.
Висновки. Застосування апарата радіохвильової хірургії «Surgitron» скорочує тривалість операції, зменшує крововтрату під час операції, а також інтенсивність болю в післяопераційному періоді. Використання цієї мініінвазивної технології забезпечує незначну глибину некрозу тканин – (0,2 ± 0,1) мм і косметичність операції.
Лечение ишемической формы синдрома диабетической стопы
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Ivanova Yu. V. , Кrivoruchko I. А. , Didenko S. N. , Мushenko Е. V. , Коrobov А. М. , Prasol V. А. , Shafranskyi V. V.
Published: April 2018

Цель. Сравнить эффективность традиционной терапии и комплексного лечения с использованием фотодинамической терапии и тромбоцитарного фактора роста для улучшения результатов лечения пациентов с синдромом диабетической стопы.
Материал и методы. В исследование включено 11 пациентов с ишемической формой синдрома диабетической стопы (СДС), лечившихся в клинике Института общей и неотложной хирургии имени В. Т. Зайцева НАМН Украины в 2016 – 2017 гг. Помимо стандартных методов обследования – лабораторных и инструментальных, проводили исследование кислороднезависимого и кислородзависимого фагоцитоза. Рассчитывали общую площадь дефекта, относительную площадь некроза, грануляционной ткани и эпителизации, а также скорость заживления ран. Статистическую обработку результатов исследования выполняли с помощью программы «Microsoft Excel». В комплекс лечения, помимо эндоваскулярной реваскуляризации конечностей и медикаментозной терапии, включали фотодинамическую терапию и фототерапию по разработанной методике. В качестве фотосенсибилизатора использован 35% раствор димегина. После устранения ишемии, очищения язв применяли различные способы пластического закрытия дефекта. Для ускорения заживления язв их закрывали синтетическим покрытием с использованием плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитарным фактором роста.
Результаты. Применение разработанного алгоритма позволило сократить сроки очищения язв от гнойно–некротических масс, что наблюдалось уже на 2 – 3–и сут лечения. Также сократились сроки появления первых грануляций и краевой эпителизации, что отмечалось на 4 – 5–е и 6 – 7–е сут лечения соответственно.
При этом уровень инфицированности язв снижался ниже критических величин на 6 – 7–е сут, что благоприятно влияло на скорость их заживления. В процессе лечения ни в одном наблюдении не потребовалось выполнения этапных некрэктомий. Также во всех случаях удалось избежать ампутации конечностей.
Выводы. Использование предлагаемого подхода у пациентов с СДС позволяет улучшить результаты лечения за счет ускорения процессов заживления ран, снизить количество ампутаций.
Аналіз ускладнень гострого гнійного медіастиніту
Authors: Shevchuk І. М. , Snizhko S. S.
Published: April 2018

Вступ. Гострий гнійний медіастиніт (ГГМ) залишається однією із найбільш тяжких форм загальної хірургічної інфекції. Розвиток ускладнень є одним із вирішальних факторів у перебігу захворювання.
Матеріали і методи. Впродовж 2000 – 2017 рр. у торакальному відділенні Івано–Франківської обласної клінічної лікарні проходили лікування 65 хворих із ГГМ.
Результати. Ексудативний плеврит та емпієму плеври виявлено у 76,9%, гнійний бронхіт – у 80%, пневмонію – у 70,7%, ендо– і міокардит – у 59,2%, гостре ураження нирок – у 24,6%, сепсис – у 100% хворих із тотальним і заднім медіастинітом.
Висновки. Попередження розвитку ускладнень та їх лікування є важливою умовою успішного лікування хворих із ГГМ.
Пути улучшения результатов лечения острой эмпиемы плевры
Authors: Тronina Е. Yu. , Shipulin P. P. , Baidan V. V. , Severgin V. Е. , Nikitenko R. P.
Published: April 2018

Цель исследования. Анализ результатов лечения острой эмпиемы плевры (ОЭП) с использованием новых миниинвазивных технологий.
Материалы и методы. Представлен опыт выполнения видеоторакоскопических операций (ВТО) при ОЭП с использованием эндостаплеров и электросварочных инструментов, а также вакуум–терапии (ВТ). Как вариант закрытие плевро–легочных свищей (ПЛС) при ОЭП выполняли с помощью метода радиочастотной абляции (РЧА).
Результаты. Все больные благополучно перенесли миниинвазивные вмешательства, средний срок стационарного лечения составил (14,2 ± 4,9) дня. Осложнения в виде нагноения ран и формирования остаточных полостей (ОП) возникли у 16 (20,3%) больных.
Выводы. ВТО позволяют добиться хороших результатов лечения ОЭП и снизить частоту развития хронического процесса, особенно при условии соблюдения индивидуального подхода в лечении каждого пациента.