bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral-Topological Superefficient Quantum Memory
Authors: Perminov N. S. , Moiseev S. A.
Published: February 2019

In this work, we propose a universal (spectral-topological) approach towards the realization of the quantum memory, consisting of a small number of controlled absorbers, providing a super-high quantum efficiency of more than 99.9% required for practical quantum information science. In this way, we have found a series of spectral-topological matching conditions for the spectroscopic parameters of the absorbers which ensure the maximal efficiency in the broadband spectral range due to controlling the relative position (topology) of the eigenfrequencies in the absorbers spectrum. We also discuss the implementation of the proposed approach using the modern microwave and optical technologies.
Msx1 loss suppresses formation of the ectopic crypts developed in the Apc-deficient small intestinal epithelium
Authors: Horazna Monika , Janeckova Lucie , Svec Jiri , Babosova Olga , Hrckulak Dusan , Vojtechova Martina , Galuskova Katerina , Sloncova Eva , Kolar Michal , Strnad Hynek , Korinek Vladimir
Published: February 2019

The first step in the development of human colorectal cancer is aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling hyperactivation is predominantly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that encodes the pathway negative regulator. In order to identify genes affected by the Apc loss, we performed expression profiling of intestinal epithelium isolated from mice harboring a conditional Apc allele. The gene encoding transcriptional factor msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) displayed robust upregulation upon Apc inactivation. Histological analysis of the Apc-deficient epithelium revealed that in the small intestine, the Msx1 protein was localized exclusively in ectopic crypts, i.e., in pockets of proliferating cells abnormally positioned on the villi. Ablation of the Msx1 gene leads to the disappearance of ectopic crypts and loss of differentiated cells. Moreover, tumors arising from Msx1-deficient cells display altered morphology reminiscent of villous adenomas. In human tumor specimens, MSX1 displayed significantly increased expression in colonic neoplasia with a descending tendency during the lesion progression towards colorectal carcinoma. In summary, the results indicate that Msx1 represents a novel marker of intestinal tumorigenesis. In addition, we described the previously unknown relationship between the Msx1-dependent formation of ectopic crypts and cell differentiation.
Evaluation of site-specific homologous recombination activity of BRCA1 by direct quantitation of gene editing efficiency
Authors: Yoshino Yuki , Endo Shino , Chen Zhenghao , Qi Huicheng , Watanabe Gou , Chiba Natsuko
Published: February 2019

Homologous recombination (HR) contributes to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inter-strand crosslinks. The HR activity in cancer cells can be used to predict their sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents that cause these damages. To evaluate HR activity, we developed a system called Assay for Site-specific HR Activity (ASHRA), in which cells are transiently transfected with an expression vector for CRISPR/Cas9 and a HR donor sequence containing a marker gene. DSBs are created by Cas9 and then repaired by HR using donor vector sequences homologous to the target gene. The level of genomic integration of the marker gene is quantified by Western blotting, flowcytometry, or quantitative PCR (qPCR). ASHRA detected HR deficiency caused by BRCA1, BARD1, or RAD51 knockdown or introduction of BRCA1 variants. The influence of BRCA1 variants on HR, as determined by qPCR, was consistent with the chemosensitivities of the transfected cells. The qPCR format of ASHRA could measure HR activity in both transcribed and un-transcribed regions. Knockdown of BRCA1 nor BARD1 did not affect HR activity in a transcriptionally inactive site. ASHRA can evaluate HR activity and will be useful for predicting sensitivity to chemotherapy, screening drugs that affect HR, and investigating the mechanisms of HR.
Non-invasive in vivo fluorescence imaging of apoptotic retinal photoreceptors
Authors: Mazzoni Francesca , Müller Claudia , DeAssis Jonathan , Lew Deborah , Leevy W. Matthew , Finnemann Silvia C.
Published: February 2019

Phosphatidylserine externalization is an early molecular signature for apoptosis. In many retinal degenerative diseases, photoreceptor neurons die by apoptosis. Here, we report utility of the phosphatidylserine-binding conjugate of Bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) with Texas-red (PSVue-550) in transiently labeling apoptotic photoreceptors in living pigmented or albino rats and mice with retinal degeneration. Applying PSVue-550 as eyedrop is non-toxic and eliminates need for intraocular injection. PSVue-550 fluorescence specifically and transiently labeling dying retinal photoreceptors is detectable in anesthetized animals using standard retinal or whole small animal imaging systems. Importantly, prior PSVue-550 eyedrop administration and imaging does not affect repeat testing. Altogether, our results establish PSVue-550 imaging as a completely non-invasive method that provides the opportunity to longitudinally monitor retinal photoreceptor cell death in preclinical studies.
Total cholesterol and all-cause mortality by sex and age: a prospective cohort study among 12.8 million adults
Authors: Yi Sang-Wook , Yi Jee-Jeon , Ohrr Heechoul
Published: February 2019

It is unclear whether associations between total cholesterol (TC) levels and all-cause mortality and the optimal TC ranges for lowest mortality vary by sex and age. 12,815,006 Korean adults underwent routine health examinations during 2001–2004, and were followed until 2013. During follow-up, 694,423 individuals died. U-curve associations were found. In the TC ranges of 50–199 and 200–449 mg/dL, each 39 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) increase in TC was associated with 23% lower (95% CI:23%,24%) and 7% higher (6%,7%) mortality, respectively. In the age groups of 18–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75–99 years, each 1 mmol/L higher TC increased mortality by 14%, 13%, 8%, 7%, 6%, and 3%, respectively (P < 0.001 for each age group), for TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, while the corresponding TC changes decreased mortality by 13%, 27%, 34%, 31%, 20%, and 13%, respectively, in the range < 200 mg/dL (P < 0.001 for each age group). TC had U-curve associations with mortality in each age-sex group. TC levels associated with lowest mortality were 210–249 mg/dL, except for men aged 18–34 years (180–219 mg/dL) and women aged 18–34 years (160–199 mg/dL) and 35–44 years (180–219 mg/dL). The inverse associations for TC < 200 mg/dL were stronger than the positive associations in the upper range.
Machine learning for MEG during speech tasks
Authors: Kostas Demetres , Pang Elizabeth W. , Rudzicz Frank
Published: February 2019

We consider whether a deep neural network trained with raw MEG data can be used to predict the age of children performing a verb-generation task, a monosyllable speech-elicitation task, and a multi-syllabic speech-elicitation task. Furthermore, we argue that the network makes predictions on the grounds of differences in speech development. Previous work has explored taking ‘deep’ neural networks (DNNs) designed for, or trained with, images to classify encephalographic recordings with some success, but this does little to acknowledge the structure of these data. Simple neural networks have been used extensively to classify data expressed as features, but require extensive feature engineering and pre-processing. We present novel DNNs trained using raw magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings that mimic the feature-engineering pipeline. We highlight criteria the networks use, including relative weighting of channels and preferred spectro-temporal characteristics of re-weighted channels. Our data feature 92 subjects aged 4–18, recorded using a 151-channel MEG system. Our proposed model scores over 95% mean cross-validation accuracy distinguishing above and below 10 years of age in single trials of un-seen subjects, and can classify publicly available EEG with state-of-the-art accuracy.
Holocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability reflected in subtropical Australian precipitation
Authors: Barr C. , Tibby J. , Leng M. J. , Tyler J. J. , Henderson A. C. G. , Overpeck J. T. , Simpson G. L. , Cole J. E. , Phipps S. J. , Marshall J. C. , McGregor G. B. , Hua Q. , McRobie F. H.
Published: February 2019

The La Niña and El Niño phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have major impacts on regional rainfall patterns around the globe, with substantial environmental, societal and economic implications. Long-term perspectives on ENSO behaviour, under changing background conditions, are essential to anticipating how ENSO phases may respond under future climate scenarios. Here, we derive a 7700-year, quantitative precipitation record using carbon isotope ratios from a single species of leaf preserved in lake sediments from subtropical eastern Australia. We find a generally wet (more La Niña-like) mid-Holocene that shifted towards drier and more variable climates after 3200 cal. yr BP, primarily driven by increasing frequency and strength of the El Niño phase. Climate model simulations implicate a progressive orbitally-driven weakening of the Pacific Walker Circulation as contributing to this change. At centennial scales, high rainfall characterised the Little Ice Age (~1450–1850 CE) in subtropical eastern Australia, contrasting with oceanic proxies that suggest El Niño-like conditions prevail during this period. Our data provide a new western Pacific perspective on Holocene ENSO variability and highlight the need to address ENSO reconstruction with a geographically diverse network of sites to characterise how both ENSO, and its impacts, vary in a changing climate.
An organic-base catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition of tritylthiol to in situ generated aza-o-quinone methides at the H2O/DCM interface
Authors: Liu Xianghui , Wang Kai , Guo Wengang , Liu Yan , Li Can
Published: February 2019

Highly enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition of tritylthiol to N-o-QM intermediates generated in situ at the H2O/DCM interface is presented.
BaCoO2+δ: a new highly oxygen deficient perovskite-related phase with unusual Co coordination obtained by high temperature reaction with short reaction times
Authors: Waidha Aamir Iqbal , Zhang Hongbin , Lepple Maren , Dasgupta Supratik , Alff Lambert , Slater Peter , Fortes A. D. , Clemens Oliver
Published: February 2019

A pinch of oxygen: incorporation of small additional oxygen introduces partly square planar coordination into BaCoO2+δ.
Diverse structural assemblies of U-shaped hydrazinyl-sulfonamides: experimental and theoretical analysis of non-covalent interactions stabilizing solid state conformations
Authors: Andleeb Hina , Khan Imtiaz , Franconetti Antonio , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Simpson Jim , Hameed Shahid , Frontera Antonio
Published: February 2019

The preparation and structures of five new U-shaped hydrazinyl-sulfonamides are reported.
Living in the salt-cocrystal continuum: indecisive organic complexes with thermochromic behaviour
Authors: Jones Charlotte L. , Skelton Jonathan M. , Parker Stephen C. , Raithby Paul R. , Walsh Aron , Wilson Chick C. , Thomas Lynne H.
Published: February 2019

The thermochromic behaviour of the haloaniline – 3,5-dinotrobenzoic acid cocrystals over the temperature range from 30–108 °C.
Evaluating the importance of fractional Z′ polymorphs in a trifluoromethylated N,N′-diphenyloxalamide derivative
Authors: Bhandary Subhrajyoti , Panini Piyush , Chopra Deepak
Published: February 2019

A curious case of crystal dimorphism reveals an adjusted fractional number of molecules in their respective crystallographic asymmetric units.
Magnetic-field-tuned phase transition of a molecular material from the isolated-spin to the coupled-spin regime
Authors: Santana Vinicius T. , Cunha Beatriz N. , Plutín Ana M. , Silveira Rafael G. , Castellano Eduardo E. , Batista Alzir A. , Calvo Rafael , Nascimento Otaciro R.
Published: February 2019

A quantum phase transition, as a consequence of spin-entanglements caused by Cu–Cu exchange couplings, explains EPR measurements in a new monomeric CuIIcompound.
Laser and electron beam-induced formation of Ag/Cr structures on Ag2CrO4
Authors: P. S. Lemos , G. S. Silva , R. A. Roca , M. Assis , R. Torres-Mendieta , H. Beltrán-Mir , G. Mínguez-Vega , E. Cordoncillo , J. Andrés , E. Longo
Published: February 2019

The interactions of silver chromate with a femtosecond laser and electron beam irradiations were investigated.
Raising glass transition temperature of polymer nanofilms as a function of negative interface energy
Authors: Yao Xue , Wang Yaru , Lang Xingyou , Zhu Yongfu , Jiang Qing
Published: February 2019

Based on a thermodynamic approach, glass transition temperature (Tg) of substrate-supported polymer nanofilms (s-PNFs) is investigated for carbon-chain polymers, taking the role of the interface energy into consideration.
Distinguishing artificial and essential symmetry breaking in a single determinant: approach and application to the C60, C36, and C20 fullerenes
Authors: Lee Joonho , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: February 2019

The existence of a generalized Hartree–Fock solution in C60 has led to controversy on whether C60 is polyradicaloid (or strongly correlated). We attempt to end the controversy with κ-OOMP2 which removes the illusion of this artificial symmetry breaking. We conclude that C60 is not strongly correlated.
Decomposition of the electronic activity in competing [5,6] and [6,6] cycloaddition reactions between C60 and cyclopentadiene
Authors: Villegas-Escobar Nery , Poater Albert , Solà Miquel , Schaefer Henry F. , Toro-Labbé Alejandro
Published: February 2019

Fullerenes, in particular C60, are important molecular entities in many areas, ranging from material science to medicinal chemistry. Decomposition of the electronic activity to understand competing regioselectivity in the cycloaddition between C60 and cyclopentadiene is studied in great detail.
Redox chemistry of an anionic dithiolene radical
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Xie Yaoming , Wei Pingrong , Schaefer Henry F. , Robinson Gregory H.
Published: February 2019

The redox reactivity of a stable anionic dithiolene radical has been explored, giving the corresponding dithiolate and neutral dithiolene dimers.
De novo synthesis of Cr-embedded MOF-199 and derived porous CuO/CuCr2O4 composites for enhanced phenol hydroxylation
Authors: Huang Yu-Yuan , Konnerth Hannelore , Yeh Jyun-Yi , Prechtl Martin H. G. , Wen Cheng-Yen , Wu Kevin C.-W.
Published: February 2019

MOF-derived CuCr2O4/CuO bimetallic oxides were synthesized for phenol hydroxylation with enhanced selectivity.
Solvent-free selective oxidation of toluene over metal-doped MCM-22
Authors: Nawab Maaz , Barot Sunita , Bandyopadhyay Rajib
Published: February 2019

The synthesis of MCM-22, subsequent metal doping, and physicochemical characterization of the products are reported. The solvent-free catalytic oxidation of toluene using hydrogen peroxide is explored, and the reaction parameters are optimized. A possible reaction mechanism is also described.
Four-component, three-step cascade reaction: an effective synthesis of indazole-fused triazolo[5,1-c]quinoxalines
Authors: Shiva Kumar K. , Naikawadi Praveen Kumar , Rajesham Bandari , Rambabu D.
Published: February 2019

An efficient four-component, three-step cascade synthesis of indazole-fused triazolo[5,1-c]quinoxalines has been described. Notable features of this protocol include simple starting materials, reduced synthetic steps, and good yields.
Access to 3-spiroindolizines containing an isoindole ring through intra-molecular arylation of spiro-N-acyliminium species: a new family of potent farnesyltransferase inhibitors
Authors: Pesquet Anthony , Marzag Hamid , Knorr Michael , Strohmann Carsten , Lawson Ata Martin , Ghinet Alina , Dubois Joëlle , Amaury Farce , Daïch Adam , Othman Mohamed
Published: February 2019

Based on N-acyliminium species, two efficient and rapid approaches to diversify spirocyclic systems connected by two different carbon centers to the isoindole ring have been developed.
A new synthetic pathway based on one-pot sequential aza-Michael addition and photoCuAAC click reactions
Authors: Yin Boyang , Croutxé-Barghorn Céline , Delaite Christelle , Allonas Xavier
Published: February 2019

A solvent-free process is described for the synthesis of tailor-made molecules from a one-pot, two-step approach combining aza-Michael addition and photoinduced copper(i) catalysed azide–alkyne (photo-CuAAC) reactions.
Wearable binary cooperative polypyrrole nanofilms for chemical mapping on skin
Authors: Brito de Morais Vitória , Corrêa Cátia Crispilho , Lanzoni Evandro Martin , Rodrigues Costa Carlos Alberto , Bof Bufon Carlos César , Santhiago Murilo
Published: February 2019

Wearable polypyrrole nanofilm arrays have been developed to extend the natural capabilities of the skin.
A multifunctional catenated host for the efficient binding of Eu3+ and Gd3+
Authors: Nandi Mandira , Bej Somnath , Ghosh Tamal Kanti , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: February 2019

[2]Catenane consists of various functional groups and shows efficient binding towards Eu3+ and Gd3+. A cavity-bound catenated structure is also demonstrated by single crystal X-ray analysis.
Palladium-catalyzed double-bond migration of unsaturated hydrocarbons accelerated by tantalum chloride
Authors: Murai Masahito , Nishimura Kengo , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: February 2019

The operationally simple palladium and tantalum-catalyzed double-bond migration without heteroatom-containing coordinating functional groups is described.
Tetragonal and trigonal Mo2B2 monolayers: two new low-dimensional materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries
Authors: Bo Tao , Liu Peng-Fei , Zhang Junrong , Wang Fangwei , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: February 2019

In this study, we report two new Mo2B2 monolayers and investigate their stabilities, electronic structures, lattice dynamics, and properties as anode materials for energy storage by using the crystal structure prediction technique and first-principles method.
First-principles study of intrinsic point defects in MgSiAs2
Authors: Tuo P. , Pan B. C.
Published: February 2019

MgSiAs2 is a potential infrared-nonlinear optical (IR-NLO) material, due to its fine second harmonic generation (SHG) performance and high laser damage threshold (LDT).
Germylone-bridged bimetallic Ir and Rh complexes
Authors: Su Bochao , Ota Kei , Li Yongxin , Kinjo Rei
Published: February 2019

The reactions of germylone 1 with one equivalent of [M(COD)Cl]2 (M = Ir, Rh) afforded the germylone-bridged bimetallic complexes 2 and 3, which have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized.
Telescoped synthesis of C3-functionalized (E)-arylamidines using Ugi–Mumm and regiospecific quinazolinone rearrangements
Authors: Jaffett Victor A. , Nerurkar Alok , Cao Xufeng , Guzei Ilia A. , Golden Jennifer E.
Published: February 2019

An efficient, telescoped, multicomponent assembly and regiospecific rearrangement of highly diversified quinazolinones affords C3 modified,N-aryl- andN-alkylamide arylamidines requiring only a single purification.
Correction: Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells
Authors: Hernandez Yulan , Gonzalez-Pastor Rebeca , Belmar-Lopez Carolina , Mendoza Gracia , de la Fuente Jesus M. , Martin-Duque Pilar
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells’ by Yulan Hernandez et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 1327–1334.
Drosophila Hcf regulates the Hippo signaling pathway via association with the histone H3K4 methyltransferase Trr
Authors: Nan Zi , Yang Weiwei , Lyu Jialan , Wang Fang , Deng Qiannan , Xi Yongmei , Yang Xiaohang , Ge Wanzhong
Published: February 2019

Control of organ size is a fundamental aspect in biology and plays important roles in development. The Hippo pathway is a conserved signaling cascade that controls tissue and organ size through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we report on the roles of Hcf (host cell factor), the Drosophila homolog of Host cell factor 1, in regulating the Hippo signaling pathway. Loss-of-Hcf function causes tissue undergrowth and the down-regulation of Hippo target gene expression. Genetic analysis reveals that Hcf is required for Hippo pathway-mediated overgrowth. Mechanistically, we show that Hcf associates with the histone H3 lysine-4 methyltransferase Trithorax-related (Trr) to maintain H3K4 mono- and trimethylation. Thus, we conclude that Hcf positively regulates Hippo pathway activity through forming a complex with Trr and controlling H3K4 methylation.
The role of chromosome segregation and nuclear organisation in human subfertility
Authors: Fowler Katie E. , Mandawala Anjali A. , Griffin Darren K.
Published: February 2019

Spermatogenesis is central to successful sexual reproduction, producing large numbers of haploid motile male gametes. Throughout this process, a series of equational and reductional chromosome segregation precedes radical repackaging of the haploid genome. Faithful chromosome segregation is thus crucial, as is an ordered spatio-temporal ‘dance’ of packing a large amount of chromatin into a very small space. Ergo, when the process goes wrong, this is associated with an improper chromosome number, nuclear position and/or chromatin damage in the sperm head. Generally, screening for overall DNA damage is relatively commonplace in clinics, but aneuploidy assessment is less so and nuclear organisation studies form the basis of academic research. Several studies have focussed on the role of chromosome segregation, nuclear organisation and analysis of sperm morphometry in human subfertility observing significant alterations in some cases, especially of the sex chromosomes. Importantly, sperm DNA damage has been associated with infertility and both extrinsic (e.g. lifestyle) and intrinsic (e.g. reactive oxygen species levels) factors, and while some DNA-strand breaks are repaired, unexpected breaks can cause differential chromatin packaging and further breakage. A ‘healthy’ sperm nucleus (with the right number of chromosomes, nuclear organisation and minimal DNA damage) is thus an essential part of reproduction. The purpose of this review is to summarise state of the art in the fields of sperm aneuploidy assessment, nuclear organisation and DNA damage studies.
Twenty years of Mediator complex structural studies
Authors: Verger Alexis , Monté Didier , Villeret Vincent
Published: February 2019

Mediator is a large multiprotein complex conserved in all eukaryotes that plays an essential role in transcriptional regulation. Mediator comprises 25 subunits in yeast and 30 subunits in humans that form three main modules and a separable four-subunit kinase module. For nearly 20 years, because of its size and complexity, Mediator has posed a formidable challenge to structural biologists. The first two-dimensional electron microscopy (EM) projection map of Mediator leading to the canonical view of its division in three topological modules named Head, Middle and Tail, was published in 1999. Within the last few years, optimization of Mediator purification combined with technical and methodological advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have revealed unprecedented details of Mediator subunit organization, interactions with RNA polymerase II and parts of its core structure at high resolution. To celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the first Mediator EM reconstruction, we look back on the structural studies of Mediator complex from a historical perspective and discuss them in the light of our current understanding of its role in transcriptional regulation.
Transforming characteristics of the Rogowski coil current transformer with a digital integrator for high‐frequency signals
Authors: Pang Fubin , Liu Yu , Ji Jianfei , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2019

The Rogowski coil current transformer is widely used in intelligent substations for its rapid response, wide bandwidth measurement, and non‐magnetic saturation. In most cases, it works with a digital integrator to restore the differential signal output by the coil. However, its output waveform can be deformed when transforming high‐frequency signals generated in the transient process of the power system. The working process of the Rogowski coil current transformer is presented, including Rogowski coil head transferring, analogue filter filtering, analogue‐to‐digital converter sampling, and digital integrator restoring. The reason for the waveform deformation when transforming high‐frequency signals is investigated by theoretical derivation. In order to show the waveform deformation phenomenon, an experiment is devised and the results output by the Rogowski coil transformer and low power current transformer are compared and analysed. Several measures to improve the output waveform deformation are proposed, such as increasing the sampling rate of the converter, decreasing the cut‐off frequency of the filter, or replacing the digital integrator with the analogue integrator. The researches provide important guidelines for the application of the Rogowski coil current transformer with the digital integrator in the case of frequency aliasing.
Psychosoziale Versorgung bei Patienten mit Amyotropher Lateralsklerose: Ein narrativer Review
Authors: Esser Peter , Metelmann Moritz , Hartung Tim , Claßen Joseph , Mehnert Anja , Koranyi Susan
Published: February 2019

Dieser narrative Review soll einen breiten Überblick zur psychosozialen Belastung bei Patienten mit Amyotropher Lateralsklerose (ALS) und diesbezüglichen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen vermitteln. Die ALS ist eine unheilbare, schnell fortschreitende neurodegenerative Erkrankung, in deren Verlauf es zur Schwächung bzw. zum Schwund fast aller Muskeln des Körpers kommt: dies macht schließlich nicht nur die Bewegung, sondern auch die Nahrungsaufnahme, Atmung und Kommunikation des Patienten unmöglich. Neben den vorwiegend motorischen Symptomen kommt es auch zu kognitiv-emotionalen bzw. verhaltensbezogenen Veränderungen und Störungen, die die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zusätzlich stark beeinträchtigen können. Entsprechend dieser schweren Symptomatik und der negativen Prognose kann es zu ausgeprägten psychosozialen Belastungen einschließlich erhöhter Depressivität und Ängstlichkeit, Hoffnungslosigkeit bis hin zu Sterbewunsch und Suizidalität kommen. Viele Studien weisen auf den entscheidenden Einfluss psychosozialer Aspekte bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Lebensqualität bei ALS-Patienten hin. Dennoch ist der Forschungsstand zu psychotherapeutischen Interventionen bei ALS-Patienten bislang äußerst dürftig. Neben dem generellen Mangel an Interventionen und methodischen Schwachstellen bei der Evaluation ihrer Wirksamkeit lassen sich in den Interventionen nur wenig Inhalte finden, die dem palliativen Charakter sowie den spezifischen Symptomen der Erkrankung wie z. B. der eingeschränkten Kommunikation oder Problemen bei der Emotionsregulation Rechnung tragen. Weitere Forschung im Bereich psychosozialer Interventionen bei ALS-Patienten ist daher von hoher Relevanz. Wissenschaftliche Ansätze könnten z. B. darin bestehen, die bei anderen schwerwiegenden Erkrankungen als wirksam erwiesenen Therapiekonzepte auf die spezielle Gruppe von ALS-Patienten zu übertragen. Neben einer inhaltlichen Anpassung sollte auch die Anwendbarkeit der Therapieverfahren mit alternativen Kommunikationswegen, z. B. via Sprachcomputer oder Brain-Computer-Interfaces, untersucht werden.
Wie beeinflusst der Akkulturationsgrad Stillabsicht, Stillhäufigkeit und Stilldauer bei Migrantinnen? Ein Review der Publikationen der Jahre 2014–2018
Authors: Kanatoula Danai-Dionysia , Brenne Silke , David Matthias
Published: February 2019

Das Stillverhalten von Frauen wird durch soziale, demografische und kulturelle Faktoren beeinflusst. Wenig ist darüber bekannt, welchen Einfluss Migration und Akkulturation darauf haben. Es wurden eine systematische Suche in den elektronischen Datenbanken LIVIVO und MEDLINE (PubMed) und eine manuelle Suche in den Literaturverzeichnissen aller ausgewählter Artikel durchgeführt. Eingeschlossen wurden englisch- und deutschsprachige quantitative Studien aus Industrieländern, die im Zeitraum vom 01.01.2014 bis 30.05.2018 publiziert wurden. Insgesamt konnten 77 Studien identifiziert werden, von denen 17 die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Tendenziell zeigte sich eine höhere Stillprävalenz für Migrantinnen als für einheimische Mütter, mit Ausnahme für Migrantinnen aus Südostasien. Eine längere Stilldauer wiesen Migrantinnen in Südeuropa, Irland und Taiwan auf und eine kürzere Migrantinnen in Kanada und Mütter nicht-skandinavischer Herkunft in Nordeuropa. Tendenziell zeigte sich auch ein stillhemmender Einfluss einer zunehmenden Akkulturation auf das Stillverhalten der Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck-Type Reactions
Authors: Kurandina Daria , Chuentragool Padon , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: February 2019

The Heck reaction is one of the most reliable and useful strategies for the construction of C–C bonds in organic synthesis. However, in contrast to the well-established aryl Heck reaction, the analogous reaction employing alkyl electrophiles is much less developed. Significant progress in this area was recently achieved by merging radical-mediated and transition-metal-catalyzed approaches. This review summarizes the advances in alkyl Heck-type reactions from its discovery early in the 1970s up until the end of 2018.

1 Introduction

2 Pd-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions

2.1 Benzylic Electrophiles

2.2 α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides

2.3 Fluoroalkyl Halides

2.4 α-Functionalized Alkyl Halides

2.5 Unactivated Alkyl Electrophiles

3 Ni-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions

3.1 Benzylic Electrophiles

3.2 α-Carbonyl Alkyl Halides

3.3 Unactivated Alkyl Halides

4 Co-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions

5 Cu-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reactions

6 Other Metals in Heck-Type Reactions

7 Conclusion
Bay-Region-Selective Annulative π-Extension (APEX) of Perylene Diimides with Arynes
Authors: Nakamuro Takayuki , Kumazawa Kazushi , Ito Hideto , Itami Kenichiro
Published: February 2019

A bay-region-selective annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction of perylene diimides (PDIs) has been achieved by means of in-situ generated reactive aryne intermediates. This method provides an efficient one-pot π-extension at the short axis of PDIs in a sequential manner. Mechanistically, an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction might be operative for the transformation.
An Efficient Method for Constructing Cyclic β-Amino Acids Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Jiang Shende , Yang Guang , Qin Shuanglin , Liu Tongtong , Luo Yunhao , Yan Jun , Kang Hong
Published: February 2019

This paper describes an efficient method for constructing cyclic β-amino acids bearing quaternary stereocenters. NaHMDS-promoted asymmetric α-alkylation was employed to obtain the key intermediates with quaternary stereogenic centers, which were subsequently reduced by NaBH4 in 10% methanol in THF, with high yields and high diastereoselectivities. By removing the allyl ester group and the chiral auxiliary, the corresponding cyclic β-amino acid hydrochlorides were finally obtained.
Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles from Arylacetylenes and α-Amino Acids through an I2/Cu(NO3)2•3H2O-Assisted Domino Sequence
Authors: Wu Anxin , Wang Jungang , Cheng Yan , Xiang Jiachen
Published: February 2019

A new strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles from easily available arylacetylenes and α-amino acids in the presence of Cu(NO3)2•3H2O and iodine. This reaction ­process involves the I2/Cu(NO3)2•3H2O-assisted transformation of ­arylacetylene to α-iodo acetophenone, Kornblum oxidation to phenylglyoxal, condensation to imine, decarboxylation/annulation/oxidation reaction sequence to approach 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles.
Clinical and Radiographic Correlates for the Treatment of Ulnocarpal Impaction
Authors: Mwaturura Tendai , Daneshvar Parham , Pike Jeffrey , Goetz Thomas Joseph
Published: February 2019

Background Ulnocarpal impaction (UCI) is a described cause of ulnar side wrist pain.

Questions Does absolute ulnar variance (UV) or change in UV with grip affect patient-rated outcome scores (PROS) in patients with symptomatic UCI undergoing surgery? Does UV differ between symptomatic and contralateral wrists? Does arthroscopic grade of triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) tears and lunotriquetral (LT) ligament tears influence PROS? Do PROS improve following ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) or wafer procedures and does improvement depend on the amount of shortening or achievement of negative UV?

Patients and Methods We analyzed information on patients undergoing USO or wafer procedures for UCI as recorded in a database of prospectively collected information on individuals with ulnar side wrist pain. This included (1) patient-rated wrist evaluation and QuickDASH scores on enrolment, 3 and 12 months postoperatively; (2) standardized bilateral posteroanterior (PA) wrist radiographs, including PA grip views of the symptomatic wrist; and (3) arthroscopic findings.

Results Larger changes in UV between PA neutral and grip views prior to surgery were associated with smaller improvements in PROS, 12 months after surgery. Actual UV value before and after surgery did not affect PROS. There was no difference in UV between symptomatic and contralateral wrists. The presence of TFCC or LT ligament tears did not influence PROS. Mean PROS improved postoperatively.

Conclusions Ulnar shortening procedures result in improvement in PROS in patients with UCI. Variation in UV with rotation and grip results in variable outcomes.

Level of Evidence This is a Level II, cohort study.
Does the Urinary Calcium/Citrate Ratio Add to the Diagnostic Workup of Children at Risk of Kidney Stones? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Misan , Rodriguez Cuellar Carmen , Nagra Ravneet , Wang Zhan Tao , Bhayana Vipin , Filler Guido
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate urinary citrate/creatinine (UCi/UCr) and urinary calcium/citrate (UCa/UCi) ratios for distinguishing stone formers (SF) from non-stone formers (NSF) in an at-risk population. This was a retrospective study that included all pediatric patients who underwent urinary citrate testing from April 2017 to March 2018. The urinary levels of citrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, oxalate, urate, pH, and specific gravity (SG) were measured in our clinical laboratory. Diagnosis of kidney stones was obtained through chart review.

A total of 97 patients were included (46 NSF and 51 SF). The UCi/UCr ratio was not significantly different between NSF and SF. Median UCa/UCr ratio was higher in SF (0.67) compared with NSF (0.21, p < 0.0001). The median ratio of UCa/UCi was also higher in SF (1.30) than in NSF (0.65, p = 0.001). Oxalate, urate, pH, SG, and urinary sodium/potassium ratio did not differentiate between the SF and NSF. Positive correlation was seen between UCa/UCr and urinary sodium/creatinine UNa/UCr (p < 0.0001), as well as between UCa/UCr and UCi/UCr (p < 0.0001).

The study has demonstrated significantly higher UCa/UCi and UCa/UCr in SF compared with NSF, while the use of urinary oxalate, urate, pH, and SG did not differentiate between SF from NSF. We also confirmed a positive correlation between UNa/UCr and UCa/UCr. While the utility of UCa/UCr is well established, our data suggest that UCa/UCi rather than UCi/UCr may be more predictive in the clinical setting when evaluating for nephrolithiasis.
Kinematic Alignment in Cruciate Retaining Implants Improves the Biomechanical Function in Total Knee Arthroplasty during Gait and Deep Knee Bend
Authors: Kang Kyoung-Tak , Koh Yong-Gon , Nam Ji Hoon , Kwon Sae Kwang , Park Kwan Kyu
Published: February 2019

Kinematic alignment (KA), which co-aligns the rotational axes of the components with three kinematic axes of the knee by aligning the components to the prearthritic joint lines, has been a recently introduced surgical technique. However, whether KA and cruciate retaining (CR) implants provide better biomechanical function during activities than mechanical alignment (MA) in posterior stabilized (PS) implants is unclear. We evaluated the biomechanical functions during the stance phase gait and deep knee bend, with a computer simulation and measured forces in the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and medial and lateral contact stresses in the polyethylene insert and patellar button. The forces on the medial collateral ligament in KA were lower than those in MA in both CR and PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions, whereas those on the lateral collateral ligament did not show any difference between the two surgical alignment techniques in the stance phase gait condition. The maximum contact stresses on the medial PE inserts in KA were lower than those in MA in both CR and PS TKA in the stance phase gait and deep knee bend conditions. However, the maximum contact stresses on the lateral PE inserts and the patellar button did not differ between MA and KA. The biomechanical function was superior in KA TKA than in MA TKA, and KA was more effective in CR TKA. This comparison could be used as a reference by surgeons to reduce the failure rates by using KA TKA instead of MA TKA.
Sex-Specific Genetic Susceptibility to Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Offspring of Pregnancies at Risk of Early Preterm Delivery
Authors: Varner Michael W. , Costantine Maged M. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Rouse Dwight J. , Mercer Brian M. , Leveno Kenneth J. , Reddy Uma M. , Buhimschi Catalin , Wapner Ronald J. , Sorokin Yoram , Thorp John M. , Ramin Susan M. , Malone Fergal D. , Carpenter Marshall , O'sullivan Mary J. , Peaceman Alan M. , Dudley Donald J. , Caritis Steve N. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: February 2019

Objective To evaluate sex-specific genetic susceptibility to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome (ANO, defined as cerebral palsy [CP], mental, or psychomotor delay) at risk for early preterm birth (EPTB, < 32 weeks).

Study Design Secondary case–control analysis of a trial of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) before anticipated EPTB for CP prevention. Cases are infants who died by the age of 1 year or developed ANO. Controls, matched by maternal race and infant sex, were neurodevelopmentally normal survivors. Neonatal DNA was evaluated for 80 polymorphisms in inflammation, coagulation, vasoregulation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress pathways using Taqman assays. The primary outcome for this analysis was sex-specific ANO susceptibility. Conditional logistic regression estimated each polymorphism's odds ratio (OR) by sex stratum, adjusting for gestational age, maternal education, and MgSO4-corticosteroid exposures. Holm–Bonferroni corrections, adjusting for multiple comparisons (p < 7.3 × 10−4), accounted for linkage disequilibrium between markers.

Results Analysis included 211 cases (134 males; 77 females) and 213 controls (130 males; 83 females). An interleukin-6 (IL6) polymorphism (rs2069840) was associated with ANO in females (OR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–4.7; p = 0.001), but not in males (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–1.2; p = 0.33). The sex-specific effect difference was significant (p = 7.0 × 10−4) and was unaffected by MgSO4 exposure. No other gene–sex associations were significant.

Conclusion An IL6 gene locus may confer susceptibility to ANO in females, but not males, after EPTB.
Passive Range-of-Motion Exercise and Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Farrash Rania A. , Abo-Seif Ibrahim S. , El-Zohiery Abeer K. , Hamed Gehan M. , Abulfadl Reham M.
Published: February 2019

Objective To assess the effect of range-of-motion exercise program on bone mineralization and somatic growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Study Design A total of 36 VLBW infants were randomized into 18 VLBW infants receiving range-of-motion exercise and 18 VLBW control infants receiving tactile stimulation for 4 weeks. Laboratory investigations were performed at baseline and postexercise and included serum calcium, serum phosphorus (s.PO4), magnesium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urinary calcium/phosphate ratio, and serum carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at the end of the exercise protocol to measure bone mineral content, bone mineral density (BMD), bone area, lean mass, and fat mass.

Results The weight and the rate of weight gain were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the exercise group compared with controls postexercise. Also, higher s.PO4, lower ALP, and lower urinary calcium/phosphate ratio were observed postexercise in the exercise group (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, and p = 0.04, respectively), whereas serum CTX showed no difference between the two groups (p = 0.254). Postexercise BMD significantly improved in the exercise group (p < 0.001) compared with controls.

Conclusion Although the sample size was small, we may be able to suggest favorable effects of range-of-motion exercise versus tactile stimulation on bone metabolism, BMD, and short-term growth in VLBW infants.
7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
Authors: Rey Y. P. , Hepburn H. B. , Melchiorre P.
Published: February 2019

This chapter details recent advances in enantioselective amine-catalyzed reactions triggered by light. By presenting a selection of pioneering studies, the chapter highlights how the combination of photochemistry and amine-mediated catalysis has created exciting new opportunities in asymmetric synthesis while profoundly influencing different fields of modern chemical research, such as radical reactivity. The discussion focuses on the concepts of enamine and iminium ion mediated reactions and their combination with photochemical reactivity. The selected methods represent the state of the art in the rapidly evolving area of photochemical amine-catalyzed processes, which provides effective synthetic tools for making chiral molecules sustainably.
Φ memristor: Real memristor found
Authors: Wang Frank Z. , Li Ling , Shi Luping , Wu Huaqiang , Chua Leon O.
Published: February 2019

In this work, we invented the Φ memristor to exhibit the direct flux-charge interaction, in which a wire carrying a controlled amount of current is strung through a magnetic core, and, simultaneously, sensing the possibly induced voltage by the switched flux. This work confirms the existence of the ideal memristor postulated almost 50 years ago. In order to study this and its positive/negative integer-/fraction-order counterparties, the flux-charge relationship (and its approximations), the complete differential conformal transformation, and the complete triangular periodic table of elementary circuit elements are developed. The ideal Φ memristor, fractional memristor, mem-inductor/mem-capacitor, and negative memristor are predicted within the context of this new 3-in-1 memristor physics, and their new synaptic functionalities for a brain-like computer are studied experimentally.

The Editor and Publisher of Journal of Applied Physics are retracting this paper, effective 8 January 2021, due to concerns regarding the validity of the conclusions.
Forward modeling of collective Thomson scattering for Wendelstein 7-X plasmas: Electrostatic approximation
Authors: Abramovic I. , Pavone A. , Moseev D. , Lopes Cardozo N. J. , Salewski M. , Laqua H. P. , Stejner M. , Stange T. , Marsen S. , Nielsen S. K. , Jensen T. , Kasparek W. ,   W7-X Team
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we present a method for numerical computation of collective Thomson scattering (CTS). We developed a forward model, eCTS, in the electrostatic approximation and benchmarked it against a full electromagnetic model. Differences between the electrostatic and the electromagnetic models are discussed. The sensitivity of the results to the ion temperature and the plasma composition is demonstrated. We integrated the model into the Bayesian data analysis framework Minerva and used it for the analysis of noisy synthetic data sets produced by a full electromagnetic model. It is shown that eCTS can be used for the inference of the bulk ion temperature. The model has been used to infer the bulk ion temperature from the first CTS measurements on Wendelstein 7-X.
Significant thermal conductivity reduction of CVD graphene with relatively low hole densities fabricated by focused ion beam processing
Authors: Lee Woomin , Kihm Kenneth David , Lee Hyun-Taek , Li Tielin , Sik Jin Jae , Cheon Sosan , Kim Hong Goo , Lee Woorim , Lim Gyumin , Pyun Kyung Rok , Ko Seung Hwan , Ahn Sung-Hoon
Published: February 2019

The detrimental effect of nanoscale hole defects on the in-plane thermal conductivity (k) was first examined for supported CVD graphene. A focused ion beam punctured equally spaced 50-nm diameter holes with different hole spacings (200, 400, and 800 nm) in supported graphene on an 8-nm thin SiO2 substrate. For the relatively low 4.91% porosity, the thermal conductivity showed a significant reduction to 212.6 W/mK from 1045 W/mK in supported graphene with no holes and even more dramatically so from 3500 W/mK in suspended pristine graphene. The thermal conductivity showed an order-of-magnitude faster reduction with increasing porosity compared to the Eucken model, which is based on the diffusive thermal transport reduction due to the void holes on the macroscale. This is believed to be attributed to the enhanced phonon scattering by the nanoscale hole edges and also by the reduced phonon passage length-scale that became comparable to the phonon mean-free-paths. Furthermore, a phenomenological fitting model is presented to comprehensively describe the k dependence on porosity, hole spacing, and the spectral dependence of the phonon mean-free-path in nanoscale holey graphene.
L-shell spectroscopy of neon and fluorine like copper ions from laser produced plasma
Authors: Kaur Channprit , Chaurasia S. , Singh Narendra , Pasley John , Aggarwal Sunny , Mohan Man
Published: February 2019

Ne, F, and O-like Rydberg resonance lines along with some of the inner shell satellite lines of Copper plasma, in the wavelength range of 7.9–9.5 Å, are experimentally observed using a thallium acid phthalate crystal spectrometer. The plasma is produced by the irradiation of a Cu target with a 15 J, 500 ps Nd: Glass laser with a focusable intensity up to 5 × 1014 W/cm2. The observed lines result from the transitions among 2p-nd, 2p-ns, and 2s-nd (n = 4–6) levels. Transition wavelengths, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths of these lines are calculated using the Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock method. In this computation, the contribution of relativistic corrections such as two-body Breit corrections and QED corrections due to vacuum polarization and self-energy has also been considered. FLYCHK simulations are used to analyze the distribution of the various charge states of the Copper ions and to find the temperature and density of plasma. Moreover, the effect of self-absorption of the plasma (opacity), as well as of suprathermal electrons on charge state distribution of ions, is also studied. The synthetic spectrum provides a best-match with the experimental spectrum at a laser intensity of 1.3 × 1014 W/cm2 for Tc = 150 eV, Th = 1000 eV, f = 0.008, and density 4.5 × 1020 cm−3.The temperature and density ranges are also calculated using a radiative hydrodynamic code. The calculated temperature and density range are in agreement with the experimentally determined values. The effect of the change in laser intensity on the L-shell spectrum of Cu is studied which indicates the switching between lower (Cu XX) and higher charge states (Cu XXI and Cu XXII) at higher laser intensities.