bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kinerja Rentabilitas Dan Solvabilitas Sektor Kosmetik Dan Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: Halimah Ima , Norisanti Nor , Mulia Z Faizal
Published: February 2021

This study discusses the analysis of capital structures that measure profitability and solvability in cosmetic companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses descriptive method, the data used secondary data consisting of financial statements of cosmetics companies for the period 2015 to 2017. Using horizontal analysis for capital structure, return on equity (ROE), debt to equity ratio (DER), long term debt to equity ratio (LTDtER) and uses industry standard averages. The results show that PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk can exceed the average value of the industry standard and the value generated for returns on equity, debt to equity ratio, and long-term debt to equity ratio the higher compared to other cosmetic companies. Companies with returns on equity, debt to equity ratios and long-term debt-to-equity ratios that obtain low scores are PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk and PT. Mustika Ratu Tbk because the value obtained cannot always be obtained by the industry standard average value.

Keyword : Capital Structure, Returns On Equity, Debt To Equity Ratios, Long Term Debt To Equity Ratios
Prilog klasifikaciji tala Hrvatske – tla urbanih, industrijskih i vojnih prostora
Authors: Husnjak Stjepan , Špoljar Andrija
Published: February 2021

U posljednje vrijeme u Hrvatskoj sve se vise istražuju tla urbanih, industrijskih i vojnih prostora. S obzirom da urbani stanovnici provode znatan dio vremena na tim tlima, njihove značajke postale su iznimno bitne pa ih je nužno poznavati i uvažavati, naročito s aspekta potencijalnog onečišćenja i mogućeg štetnog utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Pri tome se postavlja pitanje njihove klasifikacije, s obzirom da se do nedavno u postojećim klasifikacijskim sustavima Republike Hrvatske takvim tlima nije pridavala značajnija pozornost. Cilj ovog rada je predložiti način razvrstavanja tala u urbanim, industrijskim i vojnim prostorima, uvažavajući pri tome postojeću strukturu klasifikacije tala Hrvatske (Husnjak, 2014.). Za izradu ovoga rada korišteni su postojeći podaci istraživanja tala u urbanim, industrijskim i vojnim prostorima Republike Hrvatske, temeljem čaga su utvrđene značajke tih tala. Sva tla unutar navedenih prostora, predlaže se razvrstati u skupinu prirodnih, antropogenih ili tehnogenih i tehničkih antropogenih tala. Prirodna tla nastala su u skladu s pedogenetskim čimbenicima i procesima, dok su antropogena tla meliorirana prirodna tla isključivo u funkciji poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Ova tla bi trebalo razvrstavati prema spomenutoj klasifikaciji tala Hrvatske. Tehnogena i tehnička antropogena tla su novonastala tla isključivo zbog intenzivne tehnološke i tehničke djelatnosti čovjeka izvan poljoprivrede. Predlaže ih se razvrstati u red terestričkih tala, odnosno u razred tehnogenih ili u razred tehničkih tala. U razred tehnogenih tala, pripadaju uz tla deponija i tla flotacijskih materijala, jos dva nova tipa tla: tlo industrijskog kompleksa i tlo vojnog kompleksa. Spomenuta tla nerijetko cine tzv. ,,Brownfield" zemljišta. U razred tehnickih tala predlaze se uvrstiti pet novih tipova tala: tlo parka, tlo igrališta, tlo zona za rekreaciju, tlo stambenog okoliša i tlo prometnog okoliša. Za navedene tipove tala daju se detaljni i jasni kriteriji za njihovu podjelu na nize pedosistematske jedinice.
Introduction to urban agriculture
Authors: Brezinščak Luka , Poštek Ana , Kisić Ivica
Published: February 2021

An increasing number of population in the cities has problems with food security, transportation and environmental protection. To misticate these problems, a new type of agriculture has been established: Urban Agriculture (UA). In this paper, we are introducing the concept of UA and provide basic information on the definition and forms of UA. The article aims to provide insight into the general concept of UA for sustainable city development. UA has a positive influence on social, environmental and economic life in the cities, which should encourage members of the government and private sector to utilize UA as an important part in city planning. However, there are reservations which should be taken into account, but by raising awareness we add to a better understanding of mechanisms in UA.
ПРОБАЦІЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ВИПРАВЛЕННЯ ОСІБ
Authors: Івчук Ю. Ю. , Івчук М. Ю. , Нікітіна О. В.
Published: February 2021

Питанню застосування покарань, не пов'язаних з ізоляцією засудженого від суспільства,у тому числі пробації, приділяється особлива увага у всьому світі.Інститут пробації має довгострокову історію становлення та розвитку в різних країнах світу та на цей час вже став невід'ємною частиною держави і соціуму, який виступає необхідним інструментом для здійснення контролю, нагляду, реабілітації та соціалізації правопорушників, сприяє реінтеграції правопорушника в суспільство. Разом з тим, інститут пробації є важливим фактором в запобіганні рецидиву та мінімізує витрати для держави, необхідні для утримання осіб в пенітенціарних установах. У порівнянні із зарубіжними країнами, для України інститут пробації є відносно новим явищем, якому сприяли світовий та європейський досвід і стандарти, основою яких є розвиток використання санкцій та заходів, виконання яких не пов'язане з позбавленням волі, метою яких є забезпечення принципу гуманізму як невід’ємної складової нової кримінально-виконавчої політики держави. Період впровадження даного інституту в систему кримінальної юстиції України ще до кінця не завершений.

В Україні існує відносна проблематика щодо рецидивної злочинності, яка є загальнонаціональною, оскільки в порівнянні з минулими роками, рівень рецидивної злочинності в Україні є досить високим. Це підтверджує певні недоліки у функціонуванні існуючої системи як щодо покарань, пов’язаних із позбавленням волі, так і системи альтернативних видів покарань.Для попередження рецидивної злочинності актуальним є вдосконалення діяльності пенітенціарної та наглядової пробації. Пенітенціарна пробація є тим інструментом, за допомогою якого повинна відбуватися підготовка осіб, які відбувають покарання у виді обмеження волі або позбавлення волі на певний строк, до звільнення з метою трудового і побутового влаштування таких осіб після звільнення за обраним ними місцем проживання.Застосування наглядової пробаціїдозволить убезпечити суспільство від вчинення повторних кримінальних правопорушень особами, засудженими до альтернативних позбавленню волі видів покарань шляхом їх виправлення

Стаття присвячена питаннямвизначення місця пробації в системі протидії рецидивної злочинності, надання характеристик та визначення особливостей пенітенціарної та наглядової пробації щодо засуджених.

Ключові слова: пробація, рецідив злочину, пенітенціарна пробація, наглядова пробація.
Service-Oriented Architecture of E-Government: Characteristics of the Anglo-American Model and Peculiarities of its Implementation in Ukraine
Authors: NAKONECHNYI Andrii , KOLISNICHENKO Natalia
Published: February 2021

In the paper the advantages of the service-oriented architecture of e-government and its prospects for Ukraine are revealed. Service-oriented e-government is governed by a service-oriented architecture. Service-oriented architecture is the functionality of software as services aiming to establish compatibility in their provision. The model of service-oriented e-government architecture is divided into five layers (levels), arranged from bottom to top: operational level, semantic level, service level, process level, presentation level. The practice of service-oriented e-government in foreign countries is studies: USA, Canada, and Great Britain. These countries implement the so-called Anglo-American model of informatization of the state, which is based on: removal of redundant functions of government, delivery of public services to citizens, meeting the needs of citizens through information technology. This model promotes the development of transactions, payment for services via the Internet. Foreign experience shows that a key feature of government activities is to ensure the success of the implemented actions, as well as to control the quality and scope of services. Therefore, when developing e-government projects, the governments take their efforts to get the corresponding positive consequences in the availability of services: providing quality services to citizens and businesses; increasing revenues; easing the financial burden on federal and local governments, primarily by reducing documents and electronic services on the Internet.

The trends of the model implementation in Ukraine are studies. The evolution of the issue included the Program «Electronic Ukraine», the realization of the E-Government Information System. The further steps are analyzed based on the information from the official website of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine which provides the cases of service-oriented state (Popular services). The projects of the Ministry on Digital State digitize many services, update their legal framework, streamline the activity of state registers, and provide technical capabilities and data protection. It is concluded that service-oriented architecture of e-government is characterized by the features of its implementation based on such principles as: information-centric approach; the principle of a common platform, which focuses on creating an open information environment and common technological infrastructure for more effective collaboration of all participants and users of e-government; the principle of user orientation (all e-government activities are aimed at meeting the needs of service consumers); the principle of security and confidentiality.
The EU’s Economic Governance: Development in the Context of Modern Challenges
Authors: RUDIK Nadiia
Published: February 2021

The article explores the key milestones in the evolution of the economic governance system in the EU in the context of the current challenges facing the European economy. The European single currency is one of the most significant and tangible achievements of a United Europe, and is therefore not just a monetary project. It provides a basis for economies of the Member States to become more integrated with a view to supporting greater stability and prosperity. The architecture of the Economic and Monetary Union, established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, is unique whereas it combines a single monetary policy that pursues the objective of price stability with decentralized fiscal and economic policies under the responsibility of Member States. In light of those considerations, the Treaty requires Member States to regard their economic policies as a matter of common concern and to coordinate them within the Council that is, at the intergovernmental level. Since the early 1990s, when the Maastricht Treaty laid the foundations of the single currency area, the EU has developed a very comprehensive and detailed framework for economic and fiscal surveillance. The framework is laid down in a range of secondary legislation, as well as in other documents that provide more details and transparency on how surveillance is carried out in practice. The framework has evolved in waves over time, with changes introduced in response to the emergence of new economic challenges, as well as based on the lessons gained in the implementation of the surveillance framework. In 1997, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) was established so as to strengthen the monitoring and coordination of national fiscal and economic policies to permanently enforce the deficit and debt limits established by the Maastricht Treaty for all Member States. In the early 2000s, adherence to the nominal deficit targets of the SGP proved difficult for some Member States in a recessionary environment. That is why the SGP was reformed to allow for greater consideration of economic conditions. In response to the vulnerabilities exposed by the economic and financial crisis that hit the EU and the euro area after 2007, the EU took a series of measures to strengthen its economic governance and surveillance framework. They are relevant for all Member States, but have a number of specific features for those that use the euro. The revamped macroeconomic and budgetary surveillance were integrated into the European Semester, a common timeline for the coordination of economic and employment policies at EU level, and which was established in the same context. Thus, the EU’s economic governance has strengthened and improved over time, evolving in the context of historical events. Its future will depend, in particular, on which scenario for further development the EU ultimately chooses.
Problems of Transport of Agriculture on Innovative Development and Mechanisms of State Regulation on Increasing Efficiency of Introduction of Innovation Technologies
Authors: SHPORTIUK Nataliia
Published: February 2021

Innovative development is a prerequisite for the long-term sustainable functioning of agro-industrial enterprises. Activation of the innovation process, considered as a prerequisite for economic growth, is constrained by the lack of formalized decision-making apparatus and the assessment of its consequences. In order to manage the innovative development of agroindustrial enterprises in contemporary conditions, it is necessary to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of modeling and forecasting of their innovation activity, which has become a characteristic tendency of the economic situation in agriculture in recent years. The complexity of agricultural production and its specificity determine the peculiarity of approaches and methods of managing innovation activity, combining different types of innovations, strengthening the role of the state in their promotion.

The agrarian sector of the economy is practically completely dependent on foreign manufacturers of technology, which, of course, also reduces the level of food security of our country.

The existing innovative potential in agriculture in Ukraine is not used in full. The meaning of state innovation policy is that, while maintaining the accumulated scientific and technical potential to the maximum extent, and develop mechanisms that stimulate not only the development of innovative processes, but also the development of their results.

The main directions of innovation policy in agriculture include:

provision of legal regulation of innovation development and protection of the interests of its participants;

implementation of direct and indirect support of agricultural producers in the creation and development of innovations;

definition and implementation of the priority development of agrarian industrial complex;

development of effective forms of partnership and cooperation, formation of appropriate organizational and economic structures;

training of personnel in the field of innovation activity;

priority development of material and technical base;

development of international cooperation in the field of innovations.

The state, based on the recommendations of science, should be called in a timely manner to send agribusiness clear and clear signals about the most promising areas of production activity, to orientate and direct its business activity in the necessary direction for society, to indicate ways to overcome the lag of our agriculture from the level of highly developed countries of the world.
Professional Training of Public Servants as a Condition of Realization of Professional Project
Authors: LYPOVSKA Nataliia , ATAMANCHUK Pavlo
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to support the system of professional training of public servants as a necessary condition for the modernization of public service.

The methodological basis of the work is a socio-cultural approach in combination with the methods of sociological diagnostics – questionnaires and observation.

Substantiated conditions for the implementation of the professional project of civil servants in Ukraine. It is emphasized that maintaining an integrated system of vocational training has significant advantages, such as: ensuring the appropriate level and quality of educational programs, the formation of vocational education and research environment, taking into account the educational needs of public servants. Application of research results: Emphasis is placed on the need to amend the Concept of reforming the system of professional training of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, local government officials and deputies of local councils to preserve the priority of the National Academy of Public Administration and its regional institutes. Іn the integrated system of professional training of public servants.

It is proved that the integral implementation of the professional project of public servants is possible only if the system of elite education is preserved.
Antibiotic Lock Therapy: Paradism of saving lives and antibiotics
Authors: Roy Chandan Kumar
Published: February 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 1-3
Study of Extra intestinal E.coli and their resistant pattern in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Begum Taslima , Akter Taslima , Mohammad Murshed - , Jahan Noor , Shahnaz Sabeena
Published: February 2021

E.coli is one of the most important gram negative bacterial pathogen in human and can be subdivided into the following; (i) intestinal non-pathogenic, commensal variants (ii) Intestinal pathogenic isolates and (iii) extra intestinal pathogenic E.colior ExPEC isolates. ExPEC causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs), is a leading cause of adult bacteremia and is the second most common cause of neonatal meningitis. The clinical specimens obtained from patients admitted in Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital (HFRCMCH) from January 2014 to December 2016. All laboratory works were performed in department of microbiology and immunology of HFRCMCH. The infection rate was maximum in urine (89%) followed by blood (5%), pus (5%) and others (1%). Most of the ExPEC were isolated from outdoor department 62.6%. ExPEC displayed higher resistance to many antibiotics like 75% resistant to Ampiciline , 55% resistant to Cotrimazole, 22% resistant to Gentamycin, 17% resistant to Nitrofurantoin, 55% resistant to Ciprofloxacin, 70% resistant to Ceftriaxone, 82% resistant to Cefalexin, 50% resistant to Azithromycin, 10% resistant to Amikacin, 48% resistant to Tetracycline, 7% resistant to Imipenem and 8% resistant to Meropenem. In conclusion, there were high resistant rate to commonly available antibiotics. It seems that appropriate and judicial use of antibiotics may help to control the evolving problem of drug resistance towards ExPEC.

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 10-13
Comparison between Flexor Carpi Radialis and Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Tendon Transfer for Fingers’ Extension in High Radial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Sen Sumon Kumar , Datta Nakul Kumar , Misra Dipendra , Khan Zahidul Hak , Islam Jahidul , Sen Susmita , Chowdhury Rumpa Mani , Das Krishna Priya
Published: February 2021

The hand grip is severely impaired following high radial nerve palsy due to loss of extension of the wrist, metacarpo- phalangeal joint of fingers and thumb. If radial nerve does not show neural recovery following conservative or surgical repair during the optimum time, tendon transfer is considered the standard treatment. To evaluate and compare the clinical outcome between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpiulnaris tendon transfer for fingers’ extension in high radial nerve palsy. This randomized controlled trial study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka over a period of two years from January 2013 to December 2014. A total of 30 patients with high radial nerve palsy were recruited, 15 patients were gone through Flexor Carpi Radialis tendon transfer procedure (FCR group) and the rest 15 patients were gone through Flexor Carpi Ulnaris tendon transfer procedure(FCU group). The patients were followed up for 12 weeks after surgical intervention. Out of all patients, 86.7% male were encountered in each group. The mean age was found 31.07±9.14 years in FCR group and 33.60±10.79 years in FCU group. Humerus fracture was remained a major cause of radial nerve palsy in both FCR and FCU groups (26.7% vs. 33.3%). In final follow-up at 12th week, no extension deficit was observed at MCP joint (93.3% vs. 80.0%, p>0.05).The end result of surgical intervention was found satisfactory equally in both the groups (86.7%). In case of high radial nerve palsy, both FCR and FCU tendon transfer procedures are effective forfingers’ extension at MCP joint.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 9-15
Intraoperative Consultation (Frozen Section) in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumour
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Chowdhury Shiuly , Begum Ferdousy , Akhter Shabnam , Khatun Sabera , Faika Jakanta
Published: February 2021

Ovarian cancer is a devastating disease preoperative evaluation of the patients with an ovarian tumour is difficult. So frozen section biopsy of ovarian tumour is important to determine the extent of surgery. This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from August 2016 to July 2017 to determine the validity of frozen section biopsy in the diagnosis of ovarian tumour. Fifty cases of ovarian tumour underwent frozen section biopsy were included by purposive sampling. Histopathological finding was taken as the gold standard. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. The sensitivity of frozen section in the diagnosis of benign, borderline and malignant were 100%, 100% and 97.67% respectively as well as the specificities were 100%, 97.96% and 100% respectively. Similarly the accuracy, PPV, NPV for the benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumour were also high except the borderline tumour which had low PPV.

Bangladesh Med J. 2019 Sep; 48 (3): 34-38
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA ANTARA PEMBELI DAN PENJUAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Ismail Anwar
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis tuturan (utterences) yang tidak santun yang dituturkan oleh pembeli dan penjual di pasar tradisional Kota Ternate, menggunakan pendekatan skala kesantunan untuk menentukan jenis-jenis tuturan yang santun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitan ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu; 1) teknik observasi (observation); 2)Â  teknik simak dan catat; serta 3) teknik rekam (record). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; enam (6) maksim kesantunan yang disampaikan oleh Leech. Semua maksim dilanggar oleh penjual dan pembeli dalam proses jual beli di pasar tradisional. Jumlah tuturan yang dilanggar dalam maksim-maksim itu sebanyak dua puluh lima (25); yang dilanggar penjual adalah dua belas (12) tuturan dan pembeli tiga belas (13) tuturan. Maksim yang paling banyak dilanggar oleh penjual dan pembeli adalah pada maksim maksim kebijaksanaan (tact maxim) yakni enam (6) pelanggaran tuturan. Pada maksim kesimpatian (symphaty maxim) tidak ada pelanggaran tuturan yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan pembeli. Skala kesantunan dijadikan ukuran kesantunan berbahasa dalam sebuah pertuturan disesuaikan dengan konteks pertuturan itu sendiri.
STUDENTSâ€™ VOCABULARY MASTERY THROUGH ENGLISH SONGS AT MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Latif Saiful , Rahman Mardia A
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to know the extent to which the use of English song improves studentsâ€™ vocabulary at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Halmahera Utara. This research was quantitative research by using pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The sample of this research was 20 students in class Â X-3 Social science students by using convenience sampling technique. The instrument used in the research was the song lyrics. The studentsâ€™ answer the question by determining noun, verb and adjective of Â vocabulary consisting of 50 items. The data were analyzed by using t-test. It was found that teaching vocabulary by using English Song helped the students to master vocabulary. Based on the data analysis, teaching by using English Song could significantly improve studentsâ€™ vocabulary.The research Â shows the score of pre-test and posttest as follow:Â  pretest 58.9 score and posttest 75.1 score, and T-count value obtain 12.7 and t critic 1.729 at the significant level 0.05. It means t-count is higher that t-critic. The null hypothesis (H0) stating that teaching vocabulary through English song cannot improve students vocabulary is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Hi) stated that teaching vocabulary through English song can improve studentsâ€™ vocabulary mastery at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Halmahera Utara is accepted.
Benefícios do aleitamento materno para a mulher e o recém nascido
Authors: Sousa Francisco Lucas Leandro de , Alves Rayssa Stéfani Sousa , Leite Airton César , Silva Mariana Pereira Barbosa , Veras Celina Araújo , Santos Ronnyele Cassia Araujo , Freitas Rafaela Guimarães , Silva Vanessa Cristina Regis da , Sisconetto Angelica Taciana , Sucupira Kelly Savana Minaré Baldo , Silva Laíssa Almeida Custódio da , Santos Sidney Freires dos , Sousa Samilly Lorâna Farias de , Galdino Mariana Albuquerque de Miranda , Fernandes Maria dos Santos , Silva Daniela Marta da , Santos Jéssika Roberta Firme de Moura , Alencar Vitória Pires , Ferreira Barbara Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos benefícios do aleitamento materno para a mulher e para o recém nascido. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio da buscativa de artigos indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com o auxílio das seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Center for Biotechnology Information (PUBMED), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Os critérios de inclusão compreendem pesquisas de revisão da literatura disponíveis nos bancos de dados descritos, compreendidos entre os anos de 2015 a 2021. Como critérios de exclusão, não foram considerados artigos mediante a recompensação monetária, incompletos e não convergentes com este estudo. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 12 artigos cientificos. Os resultados constata que, a prática do aleitamento materno é de fundamental importância para a mãe, a criança e a sociedade, devendo ser sempre incentivada e protegida. Constitui-se em uma sábia estratégia natural de vínculo, afeto, proteção e nutrição para a criança, gerando um grandioso impacto na promoção da saúde integral da dupla mãe/bebê e, consequentemente, na redução da morbimortalidade infantil e materna. Conclui-se que o leite materno é o alimento adequado para a criança tanto do ponto de vista nutritivo e imunológico quanto no plano psicológico, pois além de favorecer o vínculo mãe-filho, oferece os nutrientes que a criança necessita para iniciar uma vida saudável.
Modelagem ambiental e uso da inteligência artificial para prognóstico de desmatamento: o caso da Rebio do Gurupi-MA
Authors: Gama Luana Helena Oliveira Monteiro , Paiva Paula Fernanda Pinheiro Ribeiro , Silva Junior Orleno Marques da , Ruivo Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro
Published: February 2021

As áreas protegidas foram criadas principalmente para a conservação da biodiversidade na Amazônia. No entanto, existem altas taxas de desmatamento dentro das mesmas, ocasionado pela concessão de estradas, assentamentos e ocupações. O uso de técnicas de geoprocessamento é de suma importância para detectar mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo. Tal estudo objetiva modelar cenários futuros na Reserva Biológica Gurupi-MA no software DINAMICA EGO, usando o método de transição para simular trajetórias de desmatamento até 2030, com base nas variáveis: altitude, declividade, estradas, assentamento e hidrográfica. Como resultado da matriz de transição, quatro transições foram computadas: floresta para desmatamento, floresta para extração ilegal de madeira, extração ilegal de madeira para desmatamento e exploração ilegal de madeira. As áreas da classe florestal apresentaram maior número de células com alteração, com um percentual de 0,25% de desmatamento e 6,08% de células para exploração ilegal. Constatou-se que vários fatores contribuem para o aumento do desmatamento próximo a estradas e assentamentos: extração ilegal de madeira, criação de gado, caça e ocupação humana, comprometendo a fauna e a flora da região. A partir da simulação do cenário futuro (2030), observou-se que a classe de desmatamento tende a crescer ao norte de REBIO. Até 2030, pode haver uma redução total de 9,17% da cobertura florestal nesta UC. Por meio da modelagem ambiental, juntamente com os planos de comando, controle e monitoramento, é possível orientar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental em áreas protegidas da Amazônia maranhense, para a manutenção e proteção de sua riqueza natural.
A evolução da legislação ambiental no contexto histórico brasileiro
Authors: Moreira Kátia Soares , Junqueira Júnior José Alves , Sousa Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira , Moreira Heitor Soares , Baliza Danielle Pereira
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a evolução da legislação ambiental dentro do contexto histórico e econômico brasileiro. Para isso foram analisados diferentes períodos históricos do Brasil: o período de ordenações, o período imperial do Brasil, a República Velha, o período republicano, as décadas de 1930, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 e as duas décadas do século XXI. Inicialmente o Brasil importava as primeiras leis de proteção ambiental de Portugal. Em alguns momentos históricos a proteção ambiental não deveria sacrificar o desenvolvimento econômico do país, constituíam os principais entraves para a inserção do componente da sustentabilidade no modelo de desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro. A partir da década de 1960, foi iniciada uma temporada com bons e avançados dispositivos ambientais, porém ineficazes, pois a população ainda não tinha um sentimento de dono e a valorização da prevenção e prol das gerações futuras. Na década de 1990 a legislação passa ter características integralizadoras, ou seja, combina os aspectos econômicos e sociais com os ambientais a fim da preservar o Meio Ambiente e atender a Constituição Federal. No século XXI, com a globalização, a pressão mundial ambiental é para associar produção, valores e preservação dos recursos naturais. Este processo de evolução da legislação ambiental é uma etapa dinâmica e que requer melhorias constantes, sobretudo nos aspectos de apoio à execução da legislação, como fiscalização e corpo técnico dos órgãos gestores. Evitar o retrocesso é o maior desafio na manutenção da evolução constante que as leis demandam no cenário contemporâneo.
Desempenho agronômico do alho-porró em diferentes densidades populacionais
Authors: Coutinho Pablo Wenderson Ribeiro , Echer Márcia de Moraes , Kestring Karina , Silva Rayssa Helana da , Nascimento Amanda Sabino do
Published: February 2021

O alho-porró (Allium porrum L.) pertence à família Aliáceae, um grupo de grande importância econômica, pois além desta espécie estão presentes a cultura da cebola, cebolinha e outras variedades de alho. Pouco se conhece sobre o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, no entanto sabe-se que o desenvolvimento vegetativo de uma planta varia em função das características intrínsecas de cada espécie ou cultivar, das condições meteorológicas de cada safra e do ambiente de cultivo, bem como das práticas agrícolas adotadas. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência do espaçamento entre plantas e linha em relação as características vegetativas e produtivas de alho-porró. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, distribuídos em: 0,50 x 0,25 m; 0,50 x 0,20 m; 0,50 x 0,15 m; 0,50 x 0,10 m; 0,40 x 0,15 m; 0,40 x 0,10 m; 0,30 x 0,20 m e 0,30 x 0,15 m. Realizou-se avaliações quando as plantas chegaram ao seu máximo desenvolvimento vegetativo: altura da planta (cm), altura do pseudocaule (cm), diâmetro do pseudocaule (mm), massa fresca da parte aérea (g), número de folhas, área foliar (cm2), massa seca das folhas (g), massa seca do pseudocaule (g) e produtividade. Os espaçamentos não interferiram para as variáveis de altura de planta, número de folha e área foliar, porém para as variáveis produtivas da cultura do alho-porró foram influenciados pelo espaçamento entre plantas e linhas. Desta forma, com base nos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a utilização dos espaçamentos 0,50 x 0,10 m e 0,30 x 0,15 m, devido proporcionarem aumento de produtividade para a cultura do alho-porró.
Fitossociologia e análise temporal do fragmento florestal urbano Capoeira do Black, Belém, Pará
Authors: Rodrigues Caio Felipe Almeida , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Mendes Fernanda da Silva , Carneiro Francimary da Silva , Santos Jéssica Costa dos , Sousa Madson Alan Rocha de
Published: February 2021

Objetivando caracterizar a composição florística, diversidade, estrutura horizontal, estágio sucessional e a dinâmica de ocupação do solo do fragmento florestal de uma área de floresta secundária localizada na zona periurbana do município de Belém, Pará. Foi realizado um Censo Florestal mensurando todos os indivíduos com diâmetro maior ou igual a 15 cm e um Inventário amostral de oito parcelas permanentes. As espécies foram classificadas em grupos ecológicos. Quanto à composição e à riqueza, foi feita uma listagem de espécies e calculada a representatividade amostral por entre as diferentes unidades amostrais. A dinâmica de ocupação do solo foi realizada no método Isodata. No Censo foram mensurados 2.163 indivíduos, 171 espécies e 51 famílias botânicas e na amostragem por parcelas foram encontrados 2.309 indivíduos, 186 espécies e 52 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi de H’= 4,35 nats.ind a uma equabilidade de J’= 0,83, apontando uma alta diversidade florística na área. O grupo de espécies de maior predominância foi o das secundárias tardias e na análise multitemporal da cobertura do solo foi possível verificar 95,8% é floresta secundária em estágio médio de regeneração. Os parâmetros dendrométricos de densidade e área basal tiveram valores aproximados aos encontrados em remanescentes de florestas primárias e secundárias da região amazônica; o ambiente de borda apresentou parâmetros florísticos-estruturais um pouco superior em relação ao ambiente do interior, com exceção do parâmetro área basal que foi maior no interior do fragmento e por meio da análise do estágio sucessional e dinâmica da cobertura do solo.
Dark and Bright Patterns in Cookie Consent Requests
Authors: Graßl Paul , Schraffenberger Hanna , Zuiderveen Borgesius Frederik , Buijzen Moniek
Published: February 2021

Dark patterns are (evil) design nudges that steer people’s behaviour through persuasive interface design. Increasingly found in cookie consent requests, they possibly undermine principles of EU privacy law. In two preregistered online experiments we investigated the effects of three common design nudges (default, aesthetic manipulation, obstruction) on users’ consent decisions and their perception of control over their personal data in these situations. In the first experiment (N = 228) we explored the effects of design nudges towards the privacy-unfriendly option (dark patterns). The experiment revealed that most participants agreed to all consent requests regardless of dark design nudges. Unexpectedly, despite generally low levels of perceived control, obstructing the privacy-friendly option led to more rather than less perceived control. In the second experiment (N = 255) we reversed the direction of the design nudges towards the privacy-friendly option, which we title “bright patterns”. This time the obstruction and default nudges swayed people effectively towards the privacy-friendly option, while the result regarding perceived control stayed the same compared to Experiment 1. Overall, our findings suggest that many current implementations of cookie consent requests do not enable meaningful choices by internet users, and are thus not in line with the intention of the EU policymakers. We also explore how policymakers could address the problem.
Pelatihan Membangun Daya Nalar Matematis Siswa Menggunakan Mingle Model Berbasis Bahasa Inggris
Authors: Sopia Nurapni , Itu Meo Ferdinanda , Ilinawati Ilinawati
Published: February 2021

Setiap manusia memiliki daya nalar yang berbeda yang merupakan salah satu kemampuan penting dan perlu dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. Daya nalar merupakan modal utama dalam mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi kompetensi penalaran di masa mendatang. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada guru TK dan SD Bethel untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan dalam rangka membangun daya nalar dan memotivasi siswa dalam belajar matematika dengan menggunakan mingle model berbasis bahasa Inggris.Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan pendampingan dan pelatihan tentang metode atau teknik untuk meningkatkan atau membangun daya nalar  matematis siswa. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melihat besarnya tingkat kebutuhan guru TK dan SD Bethel akan metode, teknik dan model dalam kegiatan pembelajaran terutama pada mata pelajaran Matematika. Pada kegiatan pelatihan ini, peserta diberi materi tentang penalaran matematis menggunakan mingle model berbasis Bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini mengkombinasikan dua disiplin ilmu yaitu matematika dan Bahasa Inggris.Peserta yang diikutsertakan dalam aktivitas penalaran matematis yakni berhitung, kemudian peserta juga terlibat dalam aktivitas mingle yang dikemas dalam bentuk games yang terbagi menjadi beberapa tipe mingle games. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara terhadap peserta, 96% dari jumlah pesertamampu membangun daya nalar dan memberikan motivasi siswadalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan mingle model berbasis bahasa Inggris.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY TEACHING BOOKS IN COMPREHENSIVE SERVICE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PEDIATRIC FOR 'AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS
Authors: Zaidah Lailatuz Laila
Published: February 2021

Buku ajar merupakan buku standar yang digunakan pengajar dan anak didik dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk maksud-maksud dan tujuan instruksional, yang dilengkapi dengan sarana-sarana pengajaran yang serasi dan mudah dipahami oleh pemakainya di sekolah-sekolah dan perguruan tinggi sehingga dapat menunjang progam pengajaran. Fisioterapi dalam kompetensinya memiliki beberapa kompetensi peminatan diantaranya adalah fisioterapi anak, yang lingkup pelayanan maupun pembelajaran lebih fokus pada tumbuh kembang anak secara normal, gangguan perkembangan anak, memulihkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan gerak pada anak. Metode Penelitian ini Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan bertujuan untuk memberi pengetahuan kepada mahasiswa fisioterapi, melalui buku ajar dengan menguji kelayakan pengembangan buku ajar pada mahasiswa fisioterapi dan fisioterapi klinis fisioterapi anak. Penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba produk yang terdiri dari dua tahap yakni uji coba kelompok kecil sebanyak 10 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa dan fisioterapis dan uji coba kelompok besar sebanyak 30 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa dan fisioterapis klinis.

Hasil uji angket kepada pembaca  menunjukkan persentase rerata skor sebesar 94,43% yang berarti layak, Hasil uji angket kepada ahli materi menunjukkan persentase rerata skor sebesar 88,38% yang berarti bahwa materi yang ada dalam pembelajaran buku ajar ini sangat baik Tujuan khusus Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, pengembangan buku ajar ini dikategorikan “Sangat Layak” digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dan sumber pengetahuan bagi mahasiswa, maupun fisioterapis klinis.

Keyword : Buku Ajar Fisioterapi, Fisioterapi Anak
De la xenofobia a la solidaridad: etnografías fronterizas de la caravana migrante
Authors: Hernández López Rafael Alonso , Porraz Gómez Iván Francisco
Published: February 2021

Since the outbreak in Mexico of the so-called migrant caravans in late 2018 and early 2019, there were signs of solidarity and rejection of this massive movement of population from Central America. This article seeks to account for these situations arising in the northern and southern border of Mexico, using ethnography as a tool for the analysis of social practices and their meanings. For this purpose, we offer an approach to the speeches generated by the local population and press around the massive flow of undocumented people from Central America, and during their time in Mexico. These speeches reflect the complexities of caravan transit, as well as expressions of xenophobia, racism, and solidarity towards migrants by the local population. In this way, the article gives an account of how diverse, and sometimes divergent, imaginary elements around migrants are in border areas.
ANİ İŞİTME KAYIPLI HASTALARDA RUTİN HEMOGRAM İÇİNDEKİ İNFLAMATUAR MARKIRLARIN PROGNOZA ETKİSİ
Authors: TAN Mehmet , CENGİZ Deniz Uğur , KARAKAŞ Oguz , BAYİNDİR Tuba
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma; ani işitme kayıplı (AİK) hastaların hemogram sonuçlarının hastalığın derecesi ve prognozuna etkisini değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmaya, 2015-2020 yılları arasında kliniğimizde AİK tanısı konulan 325 hastanın 70’i dâhil edildi. Hastaların tedavi öncesindeki rutin hemogram parametreleri ve işitme testleri incelendi. Hastalar ile benzer özelik taşıyan sağlıklı bireylerden kontrol gurubu oluşturuldu. Hastalar işitme kaybı derecesi kaybına göre de 3 guruba ayrıldı. Çalışmamızda; hemoglobin, trombosit hacmi (MPV), platelet, nötrofil, nötrofil lenfosit oranı (NLO) ve platelet lenfosit oranı (PLO), platelet x nötrofil / lenfosit (PxN/L) değerleri karşılaştırıldı. AİK’lı gurup ile kontrol gurubu arasında hemoglobin, nötrofil, lenfosit, MPV, PLO, NLO, PxN/Ldeğerleri açısından istatiksel fark saptandı. Hastalığın tanı aşamasında yapılan rutin ve ucuz bir tetkik ile AİK tanısında ve prognozunda bu parametreler yeni bir belirteç olarak kullanılabilir.
Соціально-економічне життя у Вавилоні за царя Хаммурапі
Authors: Савельєв Владислав
Published: February 2021

Автором визначено, що на сьогоднішній день Закони Хаммурапі залишаються юридичною моделлю, хоч це була не перша правова система, і цар, насправді, включав закони, створені попередніми царями. Однак, Закони Хаммурапі – це перші відомі в історії людства закони, які у систематичній і послідовній формі відображають соціально-економічні відносини та інститути далекої епохи. Більшість вчених розглядають правління Хаммурапі як ранню форму конституційного правління, так і ранню форму презумпції невинуватості та здатність представляти докази у своїй справі.

На основі проведеного дослідження, визначено, що Хаммурапі бажав, щоб суспільство сприймало його як справедливого правителя, який захищав своїх громадян. Хоча цар міг бути одним із перших великих політичних саморекламаторів в історії, він був справді доброзичливим правителем, який хотів, щоб його піддані раділи кращому життю.
Від Мезебергу до Братислави. «Малі кроки» у придністровському врегулюванні
Authors: Филипенко Артем
Published: February 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу практики «малих кроків» у придністровському врегулюванні періоду 2010-2019 рр., які здійснювалися Республікою Молдова по відношенню до Придністров’я за сприяння Європейського Союзу й інших акторів. Доводиться, що «малі кроки» поки що не призвели до реінтеграції Придністров’я до Молдови. Однією з ключових причин цього є те, що Придністров’я визнане стороною переговорів, у той час як Російська Федерація, яка сприяла становленню цієї квазі-держави і надає їй всебічну підтримку, знаходиться у статусі посередника.
USE OF THE BIOREGULATORY MEDICINE EUPHORBIUM COMPOSITUM® NAZENTROPFEN C IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PARANASAL SINUSITIS
Authors:   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Zubareva A.A. , Shavgulidze M.A. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Perelygina N.S. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
Published: February 2021

Acute sinusitis is an acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses of an infectious (viral, bacterial, fungal), allergic, traumatic or mixed nature, characterized by a predominance of edematous infiltrative changes and the presence of a serous, mucous, purulent, hemorrhagic, fibrinous or mixed exudate core in the sinuses (sinus). In children, sinusitis complicates up to 5% of upper respiratory tract infections. By referring to the ENT department of medical institutions, patients with diseases of the paranasal sinuses (SNPS) are the dominant group and account for 62%. During the period from 03.04.2019 to 04.25.2019, in the clinic “21st Century», 30 (100%) patients of 10 men and 20 women aged from 23 to 40 years with acute paranasal sinusitis were treated.All patients underwent diagnostic screening in the amount of (general inspection of ENT-organs,general blood test, x-ray of the paranasal sinuses, where the total darkening of the maxillary sinuses was noted$ the pneumatisation of the remaining sinuses was not affected)All patients voluntarily refused the puncture treatment. Treatment: systemic antimicrobial therapy, detoxification therapy, decongestants, topical steroids, antihistamines According to our research, the following conclusions were formed: In the complex therapy of acute paranasal sinusitis with the use of the herbal medicine Euphorbium Compositum, recovery of pneumonization of SNPs was observed on day 7 of treatment - 6 (60%) patients, in 4 (40%) there was a decrease in pneumatization of SNPs by the type of parietal - edematous processes without signs of a fluid component in enlighten sunusa. Reduction of the symptom of nasal obstruction on the 3rd day of complex treatment - 7 (70%). Preservation of the symptoms of nasal obstruction - 3 (30%) patients on the 7th day of treatment - 10 (100%) patients.