bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspirin versus aggressive antiplatelet therapy for acute carotid stenting plus thrombectomy in tandem occlusions: ETIS Registry results
Authors: Marnat Gaultier , Finistis Stefanos , Moreno Ricardo , Sibon Igor , Pop Raoul , Mazighi Mikaël , Clarençon Frédéric , Rosso Charlotte , Dargazanli Cyril , Darcourt Jean , Olivot Jean-Marc , Boulouis Gregoire , Janot Kevin , Moulin Solène , Bourcier Romain , Consoli Arturo , Richard Sébastien , Arquizan Caroline , Vannier Stephane , Richter Sebastian , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Papagiannaki Chrisanthi , Naggara Olivier , Eker Omer F , Lapergue Bertrand , Caroff Jildaz , Gory Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Background

Patients treated with acute carotid stenting (CAS) may have higher odds of a favorable outcome than those treated without CAS during thrombectomy in tandem occlusions. Antiplatelet therapy is associated with CAS to avoid stent thrombosis, which occurs in around 20% of patients and negatively impacts outcomes. In this study we compared two antiplatelet strategies in tandem occlusion strokes treated with CAS and intracranial thrombectomy in clinical practice.

Methods

The Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry is an ongoing prospective observational study involving 21 comprehensive stroke centers performing thrombectomy in France. We analyzed patients with atherosclerotic tandem occlusions treated with acute CAS and intracranial thrombectomy who received at least one antiplatelet agent. Aggressive antiplatelet therapy included oral or intravenous glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa or P2Y12 inhibitors. The primary outcome was cervical carotid artery patency at day 1 imaging follow-up.

Results

Among the 187 included patients, 124 (66.3%) received aspirin alone and 63 (33.7%) received aggressive antiplatelet therapy. There was no significant difference regarding safety outcomes, especially in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, parenchymal hematoma, and procedural complications. There was a significantly higher rate of carotid stent patency at day 1 in the aggressive antiplatelet therapy group (81.7% vs 97.1%, aOR 17.49, 95% CI 1.10 to 277.2, p=0.042). Odds of favorable functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) were similar between the groups (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.64 to 14.25, p=0.158).

Conclusions

In tandem occlusions treated with CAS plus thrombectomy, an aggressive antiplatelet regimen was associated with an increased rate of carotid stent patency at day 1 without safety concerns. Randomized trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
Desire for hastened death in advanced cancer: cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Liu Feng , Peng Wanglian , Zhou Ran , Huang Xufen , Yang Hui , Wen Minni , zhang Lemeng , Tong Fei , Yang Desong , Jiang Ling , Yi Lili , Liu Xiaohong
Published: November 2022

Objective

To evaluate the incidence of desire for hastened death (DHD) among patients with advanced cancer and to identify factors associated with DHD.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients with advanced cancer in Hunan Cancer Hospital. The patients were assessed using Chinese version of the Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death, Karnofsky Performance Scale, Quality of Life (QOL), MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Module-9.

Results

The number of patients with or without DHD were 71 (31.3%) and 156 (68.7%), respectively. Follow-up visits and average and high QOL were protective factors for DHD; severely disturbed sleep, symptoms that severely interfered with mood, and symptoms that severely interfered with relations with other people were risk factors for DHD.

Conclusions

The incidence of the DHD in patients with advanced cancer at home is high. Those who have low QOL, severely disturbed sleep, symptoms that severely interfered with mood, or symptoms that severely interfered with relations with other people should be paid attention to. These data provide a theoretical basis for the early detection and diagnosis of the desire to accelerate death of patients with advanced cancer.
Quality of life outcomes in children after surgery for Hirschsprung disease and anorectal malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oltean Irina , Hayawi Lamia , Larocca Victoria , Bijelić Vid , Beveridge Emily , Kaur Manvinder , Grandpierre Viviane , Kanyinda Jane , Nasr Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Background

No systematic review and meta-analysis to date has examined multiple child and parent-reported social and physical quality of life (QoL) in pediatric populations affected by Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) and anorectal malformations (ARM). The objective of this systematic review is to quantitatively summarize the parent-reported and child-reported psychosocial and physical functioning scores of such children.

Methods

Records were sourced from the CENTRAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases. Studies that reported child and parent reported QoL in children with HD and ARM, regardless of surgery intervention, versus children without HD and ARM, were included. The primary outcome was the psychosocial functioning scores, and the secondary outcomes were the presence of postoperative constipation, postoperative obstruction symptoms, fecal incontinence, and enterocolitis. A random effects meta-analysis was used.

Results

Twenty-three studies were included in the systematic review, with 11 studies included in the meta-analysis. Totally, 1678 total pediatric patients with HD and ARM underwent surgery vs 392 healthy controls. Pooled parent-reported standardized mean (SM) scores showed better social functioning after surgery (SM 91.79, 95% CI (80.3 to 103.3), I2=0). The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) showed evidence for parent-reported incontinence but not for constipation in children with HD and ARM after surgery that had a lower mean QoL score compared with the normal population (SMD −1.24 (-1.79 to –0.69), I2=76% and SMD −0.45, 95% CI (−1.12 to 0.21), I2=75%). The pooled prevalence of child-reported constipation was 22% (95% CI (16% to 28%), I2=0%). The pooled prevalence of parent-reported postoperative obstruction symptoms was 61% (95% CI (41% to 81%), I2=41%).

Conclusion

The results demonstrate better social functioning after surgery, lower QoL scores for incontinence versus controls, and remaining constipation and postoperative obstruction symptoms after surgery in children with HD and ARM.
Preparation of pretreated sugarcane bagasse and chitosan bio-composite for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous media
Authors: Manyatshe Alusani , Cele Zamani E.D. , Balogun Mohammed O. , Nkambule Thabo T.I. , Msagati Titus A.M.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we report on the biosorbent bio-composite consisting of pretreated sugarcane bagasse, chitosan, and epichlorohydrin, which was prepared using the blending method for the adsorption of phosphate from aqueous media. The effect of solvent concentration was investigated, and it was observed that the high solvent concentration significantly enhanced the extraction of cellulose. Moreover, pretreatment enhances the compatibility between the extracted cellulose and chitosan. Furthermore, the addition of epichlorohydrin significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity as well as the stability of the synthesized biosorbent bio-composite. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the prepared bio-composite. Batch studies were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the bio-composite. The mechanism of adsorption between the biosorbent bio-composite and phosphate was through chemisorption as the data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherm study showed that the data best fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model showed that the maximum adsorption capacity was 15.26 mg/g. The biosorbent was found to be pH dependent, selective, and recyclable.
Luminescence of 1,3,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles
Authors: Liang Qiuming , Hayashi Kasumi , Philippi Franka , Song Datong
Published: November 2022

The photophysical properties of four 1,3,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4- d][1,2,3]triazoles were studied by a combination of UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. All four compounds are weakly fluorescent. Upon protonation with trifluoroacetic acid, all compounds display a drastic luminescence turn-on. The addition of excess trifluoroacetic acid further enhances the luminescence intensity, which is tentatively attributed to the formation of extended hydrogen bonding network rather than the formation of doubly protonated 1,3,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4- d][1,2,3]triazoles. All new compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallography.
Convenient preparation of copper(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes under mild conditions
Authors: Lim Meilin Q. , Keske Eric C.
Published: November 2022

This work describes a new method for the preparation of copper N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, which is conducted under air with mild conditions, using bench-stable precursors and a weak base (NEt3). Under optimized conditions, the complexes were prepared in short reaction times of 1 h, giving moderate to good yields after purification by column chromatography. Commonly utilized NHC–HCl salts were found to be applicable reacting with CuCl or CuI giving [(NHC)CuX]-type complexes (X = Cl, I). This study adds to the growing literature in the preparation of catalytically relevant transition metal NHC complexes under mild and operationally simple conditions.
Blown with the wind — the role of wind in passive dispersion of two land snails: Vertigo moulinsiana and Vertigo antivertigo
Authors: Roszkowska Milena , Książkiewicz Zofia
Published: November 2022

The role of airborne transport was suggested to be especially important for the species of minute, self-fertilizing land snail. Therefore, the force of the wind plays a potentially significant role for the transportation of land snails between patches of fragmented environment. However, so far, the topic of the influence of wind gusts on the dispersion of these animals has not been investigated comprehensively. In this study, we tested the role of the wind in passive dispersal modes of two species of land snails: Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) and Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801). We conducted experiments under controlled, laboratory conditions, exposing both active and inactive adult snails attached to the leaves of sedges to wind. The results presented herein prove that the wind force had a significant impact on the studied species, successfully detaching both active and inactive individuals from leaves. During the 30 min treatment, gusts detached over 20% of all individuals of the studied species. However, individuals of V. moulinsiana were carried farther than V. antivertigo.
Solitary states in complex networks: impact of topology
Authors: Schülen Leonhard , Mikhailenko Maria , Medeiros Everton S. , Zakharova Anna
Published: November 2022

The dynamical behavior of networked systems is expected to reflect the properties of their coupling structure. Yet, symmetry-broken solutions often occur in symmetrically coupled networks. An example are so-called solitary states where the dynamics of one network node is different from the synchronized rest. Here, we investigate the structural constraints of networks for the appearance of solitary states. By performing a large number of numerical simulations, we find that such states occur with high probability in asymmetric networks, among them scale-free ones. We analyze the structural properties of the networks that support solitary states. We demonstrate that the minimum neighbor node degree of a solitary node is crucial for the appearance of solitary states. Finally, we perform bifurcation analysis of dimension-reduced systems, which confirm the importance of the connectivity of the neighboring nodes.
N-protected pyrroles as synthons for variants of coremodified N-confused calixphyrins: Spectroscopic and theoretical characterization
Authors: Sahoo Sumit , Marzeena Amina Sama , Usharani Dandamudi , Rath Harapriya
Published: November 2022

A new convergent synthetic methodology has been adopted for syntheses of two hitherto unknown new generation of core-modified N-confused calixphyrins and an all four meso-sp3 centered heterocyclic macrocycle with [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-pyrrole connectivities via acid catalyzed Lindsey type condensation of thiophene diol with N-protected pyrrole(s) using BF3.Et2O followed by oxidation with chloranil. All of the macrocycles have been achieved in moderately good yields. Their structures, electronic and optical properties have been elucidated by NMR, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopic analyses and in-depth theoretical calculations. The type of macrocycles are a mere consequence of the type of N-protected pyrroles used as synthons with the UV-Vis spectra closely resembling the spectra for calixphyrins. Detailed structural analyses using 1H-1H (COSY, ROESY), 13C-1H (HSQC) 2D NMR studies and DFT level theoretical investigations indicated lack of macrocyclic [Formula: see text] conjugation with [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text] and/or [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text] pyrrole connectivities.
A global view on the Ordovician stratigraphy of southeastern Europe
Authors: Ferretti Annalisa , Schönlaub Hans Peter , Sachanski Valeri , Bagnoli Gabriella , Serpagli Enrico , Vai Gian Battista , Yanev Slavcho , Radonjić Miloš , Balica Constantin , Bianchini Luca , Colmenar Jorge , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

The Ordovician documented in southeastern Europe reflects different sedimentary environments, from shallow water to basin, belonging to diverse palaeogeographical domains. Some of these geological sectors and their palaeontological content have been well described for a long time such as the Carnic Alps, which represent one of the most continuous Paleozoic sequences in the world. For some other areas, the quality of the data is variable and the knowledge is less detailed, sometimes with lithostratigraphic units still to be formalized, which also reflects the fragmentary nature of the outcrops. The Ordovician stratigraphy of southeastern Europe with its diverse successions has been revised herein and integrated with new data in an attempt to develop a global scenario for this critical time interval in the evolution of life.
Split Your Overwhelmed Teams
Authors: Limoncelli Thomas A.
Published: November 2022

This team?s low morale and high stress were a result of the members feeling overwhelmed by too many responsibilities. The 10-by-10 communication structure made it difficult to achieve consensus, there were too many meetings, and everyone was suffering from the high cognitive load. By splitting into two teams, each can be more nimble, which the manager likes, and have a lower cognitive load, which the team likes. There is more opportunity for repetition, which lets people develop skills and demonstrate them. Altogether, this helps reduce stress and improve morale.
Virtual Big Heads in Extended Reality: Estimation of Ideal Head Scales and Perceptual Thresholds for Comfort and Facial Cues
Authors: Choudhary Zubin , Erickson Austin , Norouzi Nahal , Kim Kangsoo , Bruder Gerd , Welch Gregory
Published: November 2022

Extended reality (XR) technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), provide users, their avatars, and embodied agents a shared platform to collaborate in a spatial context. Although traditional face-to-face communication is limited by users’ proximity, meaning that another human’s non-verbal embodied cues become more difficult to perceive the farther one is away from that person, researchers and practitioners have started to look into ways to accentuate or amplify such embodied cues and signals to counteract the effects of distance with XR technologies. In this article, we describe and evaluate the
Big Head
technique, in which a human’s head in VR/AR is scaled up relative to their distance from the observer as a mechanism for enhancing the visibility of non-verbal facial cues, such as facial expressions or eye gaze. To better understand and explore this technique, we present two complimentary human-subject experiments in this article. In our first experiment, we conducted a VR study with a head-mounted display to understand the impact of increased or decreased head scales on participants’ ability to perceive facial expressions as well as their sense of comfort and feeling of “uncannniness” over distances of up to 10 m. We explored two different scaling methods and compared perceptual thresholds and user preferences. Our second experiment was performed in an outdoor AR environment with an optical see-through head-mounted display. Participants were asked to estimate facial expressions and eye gaze, and identify a virtual human over large distances of 30, 60, and 90 m. In both experiments, our results show significant differences in minimum, maximum, and ideal head scales for different distances and tasks related to perceiving faces, facial expressions, and eye gaze, and we also found that participants were more comfortable with slightly bigger heads at larger distances. We discuss our findings with respect to the technologies used, and we discuss implications and guidelines for practical applications that aim to leverage XR-enhanced facial cues.
Nanographene Cathode Materials for Nonaqueous Zn-Ion Batteries
Authors: Islam Shakirul M. , Malone Ryan J. , Yang Wenlong , George Stephen P. , Gautam Rajendra P. , Chalifoux Wesley A. , Barile Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

Robust multivalent ion interaction in electrodes is a grand challenge of next-generation battery research. In this manuscript, we design molecularly-precise nanographene cathodes that are coupled with metallic Zn anodes to create a new class of Zn-ion batteries. Our results indicate that while electrodes with graphite or flat nanographenes do not support Zn-ion intercalation, the larger intermolecular spacing in a twisted peropyrene enables peropyrene electrodes to facilitate reversible Zn-ion intercalation in an acetonitrile electrolyte. While most previous Zn-ion batteries utilize aqueous electrolytes, the finding that nonaqueous Zn electrolytes can support intercalation in nanographenes is important for expanding the design space of nonaqueous multivalent batteries, which often possess higher voltages than their aqueous counterparts. Furthermore, because these nanographenes can be synthesized using a bottom-up approach via alkyne benzannulation, this work paves the way for future battery electrodes that contain other molecularly-precise nanographenes with tailored electrochemical properties.
Scientific meeting report: International Biochemistry of Exercise 2022
Authors: Vainshtein Anna , Slavin Mikhaela B. , Cheng Arthur J. , Memme Jonathan M. , Oliveira Ashley N. , Perry Christopher G. R. , Abdul-Sater Ali A. , Belcastro Angelo N. , Riddell Michael C. , Triolo Matthew , Haas Tara L. , Roudier Emilie , Hood David A.
Published: November 2022

Exercise is one of the only nonpharmacological remedies known to counteract genetic and chronic diseases by enhancing health and improving life span. Although the many benefits of regular physical activity have been recognized for some time, the intricate and complex signaling systems triggered at the onset of exercise have only recently begun to be uncovered. Exercising muscles initiate a coordinated, multisystemic, metabolic rewiring, which is communicated to distant organs by various molecular mediators. The field of exercise research has been expanding beyond the musculoskeletal system, with interest from industry to provide realistic models and exercise mimetics that evoke a whole body rejuvenation response. The 18th International Biochemistry of Exercise conference took place in Toronto, Canada, from May 25 to May 28, 2022, with more than 400 attendees. Here, we provide an overview of the most cutting-edge exercise-related research presented by 66 speakers, focusing on new developments in topics ranging from molecular and cellular mechanisms of exercise adaptations to exercise therapy and management of disease and aging. We also describe how the manipulation of these signaling pathways can uncover therapeutic avenues for improving human health and quality of life.
Study on Dynamic Evolution of Overburden Rock Movement and Mining-Induced Stress of Ultra-high Working Face
Authors: Li Tao , Li Zheng , Sun Jingdan
Published: November 2022

In order to explore the dynamic evolution of overburden rock movement and mining-induced stress of an ultra-high working face, taking the ultra-high working face of a 2# thick coal seam in a shallow mine field as the engineering background, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of principal stress, mining stress evolution characteristics, overburden rock migration characteristics, and overburden rock caving characteristics of a shallow overburden rock ultra-high working face under different advancing distances and calculates by FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The results show that when the working face advances to 200 m, the stress concentration degree presents a stable trend. The concentration degree and variation gradient of the maximum principal stress are greater than those of the minimum principal stress, while the range of the peak ahead coal wall is smaller than that of the minimum principal stress peak leading coal wall. With the increase of the advancing range, the stress recovery degree gradually increases, and the maximum principal stress recovery degree is higher than the minimum principal stress. When the working face advances to 300 m, the maximum principal stress restores to 66% of the initial value, while the minimum principal stress is only restored to about 50%, and the surface subsidence degree reaches 2.5 m.
Influence of AGTR1 and ABCB1 Gene Polymorphism on the Curative Effect of Irbesartan
Authors: Wang Qiao , You Lingsen , Li Zeyu , Zhang Leiyi , Li Xueqi , Yang Xuesong
Published: November 2022

The interindividual heterogeneity in response to the antihypertensive effect of irbesartan has received considerable attention because of gene polymorphism. In this study, we investigated the new combinational influences of AGTR1 and ABCB1 gene polymorphism on the therapeutic effect of irbesartan among Chinese hypertensive patients. A total of 353 samples including 168 normal people and 185 hypertensive patients were adopted, and genotypes comprise ABCB1 (CC, CT, and TT) and AGTR1 (AA and AC) in this study. The results of multiple linear regression models showed that no statistically significant differences were observed in blood pressure change following irbesartan administration in each genotype from either ABCB1 (CC, CT, and TT) or AGTR1 (AA and AC). However, spline smoothing analysis demonstrated that the blood pressure therapeutic responses of irbesartan presented a noticeable difference among different ABCB1 genotypes when irbesartan doses reached over 300 ng/mL. Eventually, we assumed that the different drug responses of irbesartan among various AGTR1 genotypes were due to the diversity of the irbesartan-conjugated protein, which is responsible for crossing-coupled intracellular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
Changes in Thrombelastography in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Relationship with Lung Function
Authors: Zhou Yan , Yu Jing , Zhou Haiying
Published: November 2022

Purpose. To analyze the changes in thrombelastography (TEG) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the relationship with indicators related to lung function. Methods. 100 patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the AE group, and another 80 patients with a stable phase of COPD in the same period were selected as the SP group. Fresh blood specimens were collected from both groups, and TEG-related indicators (R value, K value, α-angle, MA value) were measured using the TEG technique, and lung function-related indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) were measured using a lung function meter, and the correlation between TEG-related indicators and lung function-related indicators was analyzed. Results. Patients in the AE group had lower R and K values and higher α-angle and MA values than those in the SP group, all with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). Patients in the AE group had lower FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEV1% levels than those in the SP group, all with statistically significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). Correlation analysis showed that the R value in TEG of AECOPD patients was positively correlated with pulmonary function-related indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) (r = 0.565, 0.529, 0.447, 0.527, all

P
<
0.001

); K value was positively correlated with pulmonary function-related indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) (r = 0.512, 0.567, 0.459, 0.439, all

P
<
0.001

); α-angle was inversely correlated with pulmonary function-related indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) (r = −0.498, −0.372, −0.408, −0.424, all

P
<
0.001

); MA value was inversely correlated with lung function-related indicators (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEV1%) (r = −0.459, −0.429, −0.394, −0.403, all

P
<
0.001

). Conclusion. There is a correlation between TEG-related indicators and lung function-related indicators in AECOPD patients, both of which can guide the diagnosis and treatment process of the disease and are worthy of clinical promotion. The clinical registration number is EA2021086.
Effect Observation of Optimized Individualized Nursing Care Applied to ICU Patients with Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Wang Xianpeng , Qiu Yimei , Xu Ting , Chen Yufeng , Ying Chunxiao
Published: November 2022

Purpose. This study aims to observe the effect of optimized individualized nursing care applied to intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe pneumonia (SP). Methods. 440 patients with SP admitted to the ICU of our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were provided with routine nursing care (group A), and 550 patients with SP admitted from July 2020 to December 2021 were provided with optimized individualized nursing care (group B). The blood lactate index and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) scores before and after care were compared between the two groups. The WBC count recovery time, mechanical ventilation time, antipyretic time, and length of hospital stay of the two groups were recorded. The complication rate of the two groups during the nursing care period was compared. The prognosis effect of the two groups after 6 and 12 months of discharge was followed up with the Seattle angina pectoris questionnaire (SAQ). Results. After care, the lactate level and lactate clearance rate were higher in both groups than before care, and the lactate level in group B was lower than that in group A and the lactate clearance rate was higher than that in group A (

P
<
0.05

). After care, APACHE II scores were lower in both groups than before care, and lower in group B than in group A (

P
<
0.05

). After care, the WBC count recovery time, mechanical ventilation time, antipyretic time, and length of hospital stay were shorter in group B than in group A (

P
<
0.05

). During the nursing care period, the complication rate was lower in group B (5.82%) than in group A (11.59%) (

P
<
0.05

). 6 and 12 months after discharge, the SAQ scores were higher in group B than in group A (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Optimized individualized nursing care applied to ICU SP patients can effectively improve the patients’ physiological indicators, reduce complications, improve the prognosis of quality of life, and have a positive effect on the patients’ speedy recovery.
Tiny Machine Learning for Resource-Constrained Microcontrollers
Authors: Immonen Riku , Hämäläinen Timo
Published: November 2022

We use 250 billion microcontrollers daily in electronic devices that are capable of running machine learning models inside them. Unfortunately, most of these microcontrollers are highly constrained in terms of computational resources, such as memory usage or clock speed. These are exactly the same resources that play a key role in teaching and running a machine learning model with a basic computer. However, in a microcontroller environment, constrained resources make a critical difference. Therefore, a new paradigm known as tiny machine learning had to be created to meet the constrained requirements of the embedded devices. In this review, we discuss the resource optimization challenges of tiny machine learning and different methods, such as quantization, pruning, and clustering, that can be used to overcome these resource difficulties. Furthermore, we summarize the present state of tiny machine learning frameworks, libraries, development environments, and tools. The benchmarking of tiny machine learning devices is another thing to be concerned about; these same constraints of the microcontrollers and diversity of hardware and software turn to benchmark challenges that must be resolved before it is possible to measure performance differences reliably between embedded devices. We also discuss emerging techniques and approaches to boost and expand the tiny machine learning process and improve data privacy and security. In the end, we form a conclusion about tiny machine learning and its future development.
Resistance of Traditional SMEs in Using Digital Payments: Development of Innovation Resistance Theory
Authors: Musyaffi Ayatulloh Michael , Gurendrawati Etty , Afriadi Bambang , Oli Mario Colega , Widawati Yuni , Oktavia Rini
Published: November 2022

The impact of the pandemic has also affected the sustainability of traditional traders. One of the merchants’ efforts in overcoming the effect of COVID-19 is to make transactions with digital payments, both in-store purchases and through online media. This study is aimed at determining user resistance with the innovation resistance theory (IRT) approach based on two main approaches, namely, functional and psychological barriers. The unit of analysis in this study is a traditional clothing market trader who uses digital payments to process transactions. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach in Indonesia’s traditional clothing market through in-depth interviews of eight respondents. The results of this study prove that the clothing market sword uses digital payments when conducting transactions directly to consumers and for the needs of traders in supporting their business activities such as bill payments and purchases to suppliers. Most buyers complain about the risk barrier on the security and privacy factor, especially when they experience delays in information when processing transactions, causing more efforts to make complaints. The research contributes to the development of IRT theory, especially in the context of technology such as digital payments. The results of this study can also be helpful for service providers and the government in making strategies and policies that can protect users, especially buyers and sellers, in adopting digital payments.
The Prescription of Oral Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells post‐Traumatic Brain Injury Improved the Kidney and Heart Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Radavi-Asgar Maryam , Sabet Nazanin , Khaksari Mohammad , Jafari Elham , Soltani Zahra , Dehghanian Fatemeh
Published: November 2022

Background. In the last years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered as a useful strategy to treat many diseases such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). The production of inflammatory agents by TBI elicits an inflammatory response directed to other systems of body, such as the heart and the kidneys. In this study, the efficacy of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) prescription after TBI in inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidneys was evaluated. Methods. Twenty‐four male rats were located in groups as follows: sham, TBI, vehicle (Veh), and stem cell (SC). OMSCs were injected intravenously 1 and 24 hours after TBI. Inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological outcomes of the heart and kidney tissues were investigated 48 hours after TBI. Results. TBI caused an increase in the level of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonyl protein (PC) of the heart and kidney compared to the sham group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) of the heart and kidney decreased after TBI. The use of OMSCs after TBI reduced the changes of these factors in both the heart and the kidney. Conclusion. Application of OMSCs after TBI can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress of the heart and kidney tissues leading to the reduction of damage. Therefore, this method can be evaluated in the TBI patients in future studies.
ATM Regulates Differentiation of Myofibroblastic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Can Be Targeted to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Mellone Massimiliano , Piotrowska Klaudia , Venturi Giulia , James Lija , Bzura Aleksandra , Lopez Maria A. , James Sonya , Wang Chuan , Ellis Matthew J. , Hanley Christopher J. , Buckingham Josephine F. , Cox Kerry L. , Hughes Gareth , Valge-Archer Viia , King Emma V. , Beers Stephen A. , Jaquet Vincent , Jones George D.D. , Savelyeva Natalia , Sayan Emre , Parsons Jason L. , Durant Stephen , Thomas Gareth J.
Published: November 2022

Myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast (myoCAF)–rich tumors generally contain few T cells and respond poorly to immune-checkpoint blockade. Although myoCAFs are associated with poor outcome in most solid tumors, the molecular mechanisms regulating myoCAF accumulation remain unclear, limiting the potential for therapeutic intervention. Here, we identify ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) as a central regulator of the myoCAF phenotype. Differentiating myofibroblasts in vitro and myoCAFs cultured ex vivo display activated ATM signaling, and targeting ATM genetically or pharmacologically could suppress and reverse differentiation. ATM activation was regulated by the reactive oxygen species–producing enzyme NOX4, both through DNA damage and increased oxidative stress. Targeting fibroblast ATM in vivo suppressed myoCAF-rich tumor growth, promoted intratumoral CD8 T-cell infiltration, and potentiated the response to anti–PD-1 blockade and antitumor vaccination. This work identifies a novel pathway regulating myoCAF differentiation and provides a rationale for using ATM inhibitors to overcome CAF-mediated immunotherapy resistance.

Significance:

ATM signaling supports the differentiation of myoCAFs to suppress T-cell infiltration and antitumor immunity, supporting the potential clinical use of ATM inhibitors in combination with checkpoint inhibition in myoCAF-rich, immune-cold tumors.
MEX3A Mediates p53 Degradation to Suppress Ferroptosis and Facilitate Ovarian Cancer Tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Cheng-Kai , Chen Tzu-Jou , Tan Grace Y.T. , Chang Fang-Pei , Sridharan Samyuktha , Yu Chen-Hsin Albert , Chang Yen-Hou , Chen Yi-Jen , Cheng Li-Tzu , Hwang-Verslues Wendy W.
Published: November 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous and malignant female cancer with an overall low survival rate. Mutations in p53 are prevalent in the major ovarian cancer histotype, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), while p53 mutations are much less frequent in other ovarian cancer subtypes, particularly in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Advanced stage OCCC with wild-type (WT) p53 has a worse prognosis and increased drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence than HGSOC. The mechanisms responsible for driving the aggressiveness of WT p53-expressing ovarian cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we found that upregulation of MEX3A, a dual-function protein containing a RING finger domain and an RNA-binding domain, was critical for tumorigenesis in WT p53-expressing ovarian cancer. MEX3A overexpression enhanced the growth and clonogenicity of OCCC cell lines. In contrast, depletion of MEX3A in OCCC cells, as well as ovarian teratocarcinoma cells, reduced cell survival and proliferative ability. MEX3A depletion also inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in orthotopic xenograft models. MEX3A depletion did not alter p53 mRNA level but did increase p53 protein stability. MEX3A-mediated p53 protein degradation was crucial to suppress ferroptosis and enhance tumorigenesis. Consistently, p53 knockdown reversed the effects of MEX3A depletion. Together, our observations identified MEX3A as an important oncogenic factor promoting tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer cells expressing WT p53.

Significance:

Degradation of p53 mediated by MEX3A drives ovarian cancer growth by circumventing p53 tumor suppressive functions, suggesting targeting MEX3A as a potential strategy for treating of ovarian cancer expressing WT p53.
Molecular Monitoring in Endometrial Cancer—Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Grant Brooke M. , Pugh Trevor J. , Oza Amit M.
Published: November 2022

Efforts are under way to define the role of minimally invasive strategies for molecular monitoring and risk stratification in endometrial cancer. A recent publication aims to define the association between circulating tumor DNA level and disease stage in patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer and determine whether sequencing of longitudinal cell-free DNA samples can be used for disease monitoring and detection of progression or recurrence. These results accelerate the current knowledge of molecular follow-up in endometrial cancer.

See related article by Ashley et al., p. 410
Dysregulated Lipid Synthesis by Oncogenic IDH1 Mutation Is a Targetable Synthetic Lethal Vulnerability
Authors: Thomas Daniel , Wu Manhong , Nakauchi Yusuke , Zheng Ming , Thompson-Peach Chloe A.L. , Lim Kelly , Landberg Niklas , Köhnke Thomas , Robinson Nirmal , Kaur Satinder , Kutyna Monika , Stafford Melissa , Hiwase Devendra , Reinisch Andreas , Peltz Gary , Majeti Ravindra
Published: November 2022

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH) are mutated in multiple cancers and drive production of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). We identified a lipid synthesis enzyme [acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1)] as a synthetic lethal target in mutant IDH1 (mIDH1), but not mIDH2, cancers. Here, we analyzed the metabolome of primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and identified an mIDH1-specific reduction in fatty acids. mIDH1 also induced a switch to b-oxidation indicating reprogramming of metabolism toward a reliance on fatty acids. Compared with mIDH2, mIDH1 AML displayed depletion of NADPH with defective reductive carboxylation that was not rescued by the mIDH1-specific inhibitor ivosidenib. In xenograft models, a lipid-free diet markedly slowed the growth of mIDH1 AML, but not healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells or mIDH2 AML. Genetic and pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 resulted in the growth inhibition of mIDH1 cancers not reversible by ivosidenib. Critically, the pharmacologic targeting of ACC1 improved the sensitivity of mIDH1 AML to venetoclax.

Significance:

Oncogenic mutations in both IDH1 and IDH2 produce 2-hydroxyglutarate and are generally considered equivalent in terms of pathogenesis and targeting. Using comprehensive metabolomic analysis, we demonstrate unexpected metabolic differences in fatty acid metabolism between mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in patient samples with targetable metabolic interventions.

See related commentary by Robinson and Levine, p. 266.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247
Surgery to Avoid Stoma Construction in Invasive Prostate Cancer Extensively Infiltrating the Rectum
Authors: Katsumata Yuki , Suto Takeshi , Otake Kotaro , Suenaga Shinta , Konno Masato , Morozumi Kento , Hoshi Senji , Numahata Kenji
Published: November 2022

A 61-year-old man tested positive for occult urinary and fecal occult blood and was diagnosed with invasive prostate cancer extensively infiltrating the rectum. After scrutiny, he was diagnosed with cT4N1M0 prostate cancer, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was initiated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. A prostatic rectal resection was performed 6 months after ADT began. The bladder and urethra were anastomosed, the anus was preserved intact, and the sigmoid colon was anastomosed to the anus. A temporary ileostomy was constructed to allow eating and to prevent fistula formation. The ileostomy was closed 5 months post-operation as the patient wanted to live without a stoma. Although the patient died of other disease factors, he remained untreated for 1 year and 7 months post-operation, and his symptoms and disease control were well supported. We report that we were able to perform stoma-free surgical treatment for prostate cancer extensively infiltrating rectum.
A Novel Mask with Selective Ports for Inflow and Outflow Reduces CO2 Rebreathing during Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Physiological Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Rezoagli Emanuele , Signori Davide , Grassi Alice , Rabboni Francesca , Lucchini Alberto , Bellani Giacomo , Foti Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Background: CO2 rebreathing is one of the risks associated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV), possibly contributing to failure. In a bench study, we showed that a novel mask design, with separate limbs for inflow and outflow gases, significantly reduced CO2 rebreathing in different ventilation settings. Objectives: The study aimed to test whether a new mask design could 1) reduce CO2 rebreathing in healthy volunteers during NIV (phase 1) and 2) reduce minute ventilation (phase 2). Materials and Methods: Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to NIV using two masks in a crossover design: a traditional single-limb mask for inflow and outflow gases and a mask with two separated limbs. In phase 1, six ventilation settings were tested for each mask: CPAP (PEEP 5 cmH2O) and pressure support ventilation (PSV, PS Level 5 cmH2O) using a mechanical ventilator with a bias flow of 8 or 20 L/min; free-flow CPAP (PEEP 5 cmH2O) with 60 or 90 L/min of gas flow. A nasal cannula was inserted in one nostril of the volunteers and connected to a CO2 gas analyzer to measure CO2 during the respiratory cycle. In phase 2, volunteers underwent a prolonged time of ventilation in CPAP 90 L/min and PSV with 20 L/min of bias flow. During free-flow CPAP, electrical impedance tomography was used to record the change in impedance during tidal breathing and then estimate tidal volume. Results: Ten healthy adults were enrolled in phase 1, and 8 volunteers in phase 2. CO2 during inspiration was significantly lower in each setting with the two-limb versus the one-limb mask (p < 0.001). The maximum CO2 reduction was observed in the continuous-flow CPAP settings. EtCO2 was lower with the two-limb mask compared to the one-limb mask (p < 0.001). However, no difference in minute ventilation was observed between the two masks. Conclusion: The new mask design with two ports for inhaled and exhaled gases reduced the amount of CO2 rebreathing in all tested ventilation settings. The CO2 rebreathing reduction did not decrease minute ventilation in healthy volunteers.
Clinical Impact of Endoscopic Evaluation of the Small Bowel in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Esaki Motohiro , Sakata Yasuhisa
Published: November 2022

Background: The STRIDE-II position statement has established endoscopic healing as the long-term target of treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, and ileocolonoscopy is considered the gold standard for assessment of endoscopic healing. However, precise assessment of endoscopic healing cannot be achieved by ileocolonoscopy alone in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Summary: Approximately 70–80% of patients with CD have small bowel disease, and intestinal complications develop more frequently in the small bowel than in the colorectum. The recent advent of small bowel capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy has not only clarified the higher incidence of proximal small bowel lesions but has also revealed the presence of such lesions as a possible risk factor for poor disease outcomes. Evidence has shown that the therapeutic efficacy of biologics may differ between the small bowel and the colorectum. In the postoperative setting, it was recently recognized that intestinal lesions other than those at the anastomotic site should be carefully monitored considering the risk of postoperative recurrence. However, there are some obstacles to implementing endoscopic assessment of the entire small bowel and colorectum. Inflammatory biomarkers might play important roles in such scenarios, but the predictive value of biomarkers for small bowel endoscopic healing remains controversial. Key Messages: Endoscopic assessment of the small bowel is indispensable for improvement of the long-term outcome of CD. The validity of endoscopic healing and transmural healing as long-term targets remains to be fully elucidated.
Significance of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Intolerance in the Clinical Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Mikami Yohei , Tsunoda Junya , Suzuki Shohei , Mizushima Ichiro , Kiyohara Hiroki , Kanai Takanori
Published: November 2022

Background: Two major types of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)-containing preparations, namely, mesalazine/5-ASA and sulfasalazine (SASP), are currently used as first-line therapy for ulcerative colitis. Recent reports show that optimization of 5-ASA therapy is beneficial for both patient outcomes and healthcare costs. Although 5-ASA and SASP have good efficacy and safety profiles, clinicians occasionally encounter patients who develop 5-ASA intolerance. Summary: The most common symptoms of acute 5-ASA intolerance syndrome are exacerbation of diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Patients who discontinue 5-ASA therapy because of intolerance have a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes, such as hospital admission, colectomy, need for advanced therapies, and loss of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics. When patients develop symptoms of 5-ASA intolerance, the clinician should consider changing the type of 5-ASA preparation. Recent genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses have shown that 5-ASA allergy is associated with certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Although there are no modalities or biomarkers for diagnosing 5-ASA intolerance, the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test can be used to assist in the diagnosis of acute 5-ASA intolerance syndrome with high specificity and low sensitivity. This review presents a general overview of 5-ASA and SASP in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and discusses the latest insights into 5-ASA intolerance. Key Messages: 5-ASA is used as first-line therapy for ulcerative colitis. Optimization of 5-ASA may be beneficial for patient outcomes and healthcare systems. Acute 5-ASA intolerance syndrome is characterized by diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Periodic renal function monitoring is recommended for patients receiving 5-ASA.
Legenda profissional e amadora: um estudo descritivo-contrastivo baseado na série espanhola Gran Hotel
Authors: Malta Gleiton , Souza Priscyla Gomes de
Published: November 2022

Inserido no campo disciplinar dos Estudos da Tradução, este estudo tem como objetivo principal contrastar um corpus composto por legendas em português do Brasil  extraído da série espanhola Gran Hotel. Especificamente, objetiva-se (i) verificar se as legendas seguem as normas vigentes de legendagem; registrar diferenças e (ii) identificar sua natureza, se relacionadas à norma ou à estrutura linguístico-semântica. Por último, (iii) propor soluções para alguns problemas de tradução identificados. Como resultados, averiguou-se que a legenda profissional demonstra maior cuidado no que tange às normas de legendagem e segmentação textual em comparação com a legenda amadora. Esta, por sua vez, foge dos padrões estabelecidos como corretos. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para novas pesquisas no âmbito da tradução para legendagem, campo fértil a ser explorado academicamente no nicho da tradução audiovisual.