bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vorstoss in eine neue Dimension: Angewandte Nanotechnologie an der FHBB
Authors: Pieles Uwe
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology is a new technology, a further development of the microsystem technique to the nanometer scale. It already influences many areas of our daily life e.g. scratch-resistant glasses, non-polluting surface coatings. In particular in computer and medical science, great
advances are expected. Nanotechnology allows the analysis and manipulation of materials with atomic resolution. The central instrumentation of this technology is the scanning tunneling microscope (Nobel prize in physics 1986: G. Binning and H. Rohrer) and the atomic force microscope in particular,
that allows the investigation of surface structures down to the nanometer scale. The FHBB is in the process of implementing a nanotechnology project. The development of the project is financially supported by the Stiftung zur Förderung der FHBB for the next four years which has enabled
the purchase of an atomic force microscope. With this instrumentation the project will focus principally on surface investigation and modification. The rapid implementation and development of the project will be helped considerably by the intense contact with the group of Prof. Guentherodt
(University of Basel), one of the most highly acknowledged research groups in nanotechnology. Interesting research collaborations have already been started with polymer manufacturers and pharmaceutical industry. Besides applied research and development, nanotechnology should exert a great
impact on the education of students at the FHBB.
Specifics of teaching chinese in russian universities
Authors: Аньжань И
Published: May 2022

Введение. Стремительное развитие разностороннего сотрудничества между Российской Федерацией и Китайской Народной Республикой актуализирует потребность в подготовке профессиональных кадров, которые полноценно владеют китайским языком на высоком уровне. В том числе актуализируется проблематика методической организации процесса преподавания китайского языка в российских вузах. В связи с этим, в данной статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания китайского языка в российских вузах. Сделан акцент на использовании инновационных педагогических технологий при обучении студентов китайскому языку в вузах России. Цель: исследование современных представлений о преподавании китайского языка в российских вузах и практического опыта образовательных учреждений в рамках учебного процесса. Материалы и методы: современные научные публикации по теме статьи, практические наработки преподавателей российских вузов в сфере обучения студентов китайскому языку на основе использования инновационных технологий. Используется метод сравнения, анализа научных публикаций, системно-логический метод. Результаты исследования, обсуждения. Систематизированы современные особенности преподавания китайского языка в российских вузах. Сделан вывод о соотношении традиционных и инновационных технологий, используемых в учебном процессе. Охарактеризованы наиболее существенные проблемы преподавания китайского языка.

The rapid development of diversified cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China actualizes the need for the training of professional personnel who fully speak the Chinese language at a high level. In particular, the problem of the methodological organization of the process of teaching the Chinese language in Russian universities is being actualized. In this regard, this article examines the features of teaching the Chinese language in Russian universities. The emphasis is made on the use of innovative pedagogical technologies in teaching students the Chinese language in Russian universities. Purpose: to study modern ideas about teaching the Chinese language in Russian universities and the practical experience of educational institutions in the framework of the educational process. Materials and methods: modern scientific publications on the topic of the article, practical developments of teachers of Russian universities in the field of teaching students the Chinese language based on the use of innovative technologies. The method of comparison, analysis of scientific publications, system-logical method is used. Research results, discussion. The modern features of teaching the Chinese language in Russian universities are systematized. The conclusion is made about the ratio of traditional and innovative technologies used in the educational process.
Calculation of heavy liquid flows by the multidimensional nodal method of characteristics
Authors: Суров Виктор Сергеевич
Published: May 2022

С использованием ранее предложенной автором гиперболической обобщенноравновесной модели газожидкостной смеси, которая в работе применяется в рамках многожидкостной гидродинамики для совместного расчета движения жидкости и газа с автоматической локализацией контактных поверхностей, рассчитан ряд таких модельных задач, как растекание столба жидкости под действием сил гравитации, падение водяного столба на слой жидкости, колебание жидкости в бассейне. В численных расчетах использован узловой метод характеристик, обобщенный на многомерный случай, который базируется на расщеплении исходной системы уравнений по пространственным переменным на ряд одномерных подсистем с последующим интегрированием их с помощью одномерного узлового метода характеристик.

Gravity forces are included in the hyperbolic generalized-equilibrium model of the medium. This model, which describes the flow of a single-velocity binary mixture of an ideal gas with a second incompressible fraction, is used in multi-fluid hydrodynamics to calculate the combined movement of liquid and gas with automatic localization of contact surfaces. Numerical solution of the model equations adapts a simple but effective multidimensional node method of characteristics. The method was designed to integrate hyperbolic systems and it is based on splitting the original system of equations into a number of one-dimensional subsystems. To do this a one-dimensional node method of characteristics is employed. Using the described method, a number of model problems were solved including the flow of a column of liquid under the influence of gravity, the fall of a water column on a layer of liquid as well as the free oscillation of liquid in the basin.
Affiches muséales japonaises et vestiges préhistoriques
Authors: Suto Yoshiko
Published: May 2022

Une exposition peut être considérée comme un dispositif producteur de signes qui encadre le sens des objets qu’elle présente, ceux-ci sont resémantisés à chaque fois qu’ils sont montrés au public, qu’ils sont rendus visibles sous un point de vue particulier. Dans les musées, les vestiges archéologiques préhistoriques se caractérisent par la pluralité des logiques discursives qui peuvent être utilisées pour unifier le caractère profondément fragmentaire de ces objets immémoriaux. Les affiches japonaises d’expositions archéologiques mettent en scène les vestiges et les sémiotisent conformément aux dispositifs muséaux utilisés pour l’occasion. Cet article, à travers l’analyse d’affiches, vise à discerner les caractères généraux concernant la sémiotisation des objets préhistoriques, relevant notamment de la période Jômon et de la période Yayoi, dans des expositions muséales au Japon qui convoquent des discours scientifiques, esthétiques et mémoriels.
Panacée encodée
Authors: GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ Milton Fernando
Published: May 2022

En se concentrant sur un corpus de 10 outils de visualisation et 40 infographies conçus pour fournir des informations sur les médecines naturelles et les remèdes indigènes, l'objectif principal de cet article est d'explorer le rôle des représentations picturales comme points de rencontre et de tension entre l'artificialité et la naturalité. Alors que ces supports numériques spécifiques sont conçues pour présenter des données sur des potentialités imaginées, parfois utopiques, de la nature, elles articulent également par inadvertance la relation paradoxale qui existe entre les imaginaires, la technologie et les idées sur l'innovation. Les infographies sont censées véhiculer des informations, mais elles peuvent également dissimuler des techniques et des tactiques qui exploitent et créent des marchés (in)existants pour des produits qui reflètent les angoisses des temps modernes. Alternativement, les infographies peuvent être conçues comme des tentatives heuristiques pour rendre visibles les communautés épistémiques sous-représentées.
Mechanism for acetate formation in electrochemical CO(2) reduction on Cu: Selectivity with potential, pH, and nanostructuring
Authors: Heenen Hendrik H. , Shin Haeun , Kastlunger Georg , Overa Sean , Gauthier Joseph A. , Jiao Feng , Chan Karen
Published: May 2022

Nanostructured Cu catalysts have increased the selectivities and geometric activities for high value C-C coupled (C2) products (ethylene, acetate, and ethanol) in the electrochemical CO(2) reduction reaction (CO(2)RR). The selectivity among the high-value C2 products is also altered, where for instance the yield of acetate increases with alkalinity and is dependent on the catalyst morphology. The reaction mechanisms behind the selectivity towards acetate vs. other C2 products remain controversial. In this work, we elucidate the reaction mechanism towards acetate by using ab-initio simulations, a coupled kinetic-transport model, and loading experiments. We find that trends in acetate selectivity can be rationalized from variations in electrolyte pH and the local mass transport properties of the catalyst and not from changes of Cu's intrinsic activity. The selectivity mechanism originates in the transport of ketene, a stable (closed shell) intermediate, away from the catalyst surface into solution where it reacts to acetate. While such a mechanism has not yet been discussed in CO(2)RR, variants of it may explain similar selectivity fluctuations observed for other stable intermediates like CO and acetaldehyde. Our proposed mechanism suggests that acetate selectivity increases with increasing pH, decreasing catalyst roughness and significantly varies with applied potential.
Photoinduced charge transfer from quantum dots measured by cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Homer Micaela , Kuo Ding-Yuan , Dou Florence , Cossairt Brandi
Published: May 2022

Measuring and modulating charge-transfer processes at quantum dot interfaces are crucial steps in developing quantum dots as photocatalysts. In this work, cyclic voltammetry under illumination is demonstrated to measure the rate of photoinduced charge transfer from CdS quantum dots by directly probing the changing oxidation states of a library of molecular charge acceptors. The voltammetry data demonstrates the presence of long-lived electron donor states generated by native photodoping of the quantum dots as well as a positive correlation between driving force and rate of charge transfer. Changes to the voltammograms under illumination follow mechanistic predictions from classic zone diagrams and electrochemical modeling allows for measurement of the rate of productive electron transfer. Rate constants for photoinduced charge transfer on the order of 10^4 M-1s-1 are calculated, which are distinct from the picosecond dynamics measured by conventional transient optical spectroscopy methods and are more closely connected to the quantum yield of light mediated chemical transformations.
Intense Molar Circular Dichroism in Fully Conjugated All-Carbon Macrocyclic 1,3-Butadiyne Linked pseudo-meta [2.2]Paracyclophanes
Authors: Sidler Eric , Zwick Patrick , Kress Charlotte , Reznikova Ksenia , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter , Mayor Marcel
Published: May 2022

The synthetic access to macrocyclic molecular topologies with interesting photophysical properties has greatly improved thanks to the successful implementation of organic and inorganic corner units. Based on recent reports, we realized pseudo-meta [2.2]paracyclophanes (PCPs) might serve as optimal corner units for constructing 3D functional materials, owing to their efficient electronic communication, angled substituents and planar chirality. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of four novel all-carbon enantiopure macrocycles bearing three to six pseudo-meta PCPs linked by 1,3-butadiyne units. The macrocycles were obtained by a single step from enantiopure literature known dialkyne pseudo-meta PCP and were unambiguously identified and characterized by state of the art spectroscopic methods and in part even by x-ray crystallography. By comparing the optical properties to relevant reference compounds, we show that the pseudo-meta PCP subunit effectively elongates the conjugated system throughout the macrocyclic backbone, such that already the smallest macrocycle consisting of only three subunits reaches an astounding polymer-like conjugation length. Additionally, we show that the chiral pseudo-meta PCPs induce remarkable chiroptical response in the respective macrocycles, reaching unprecedented high molar dichroism values for all-carbon macrocycles of up to 1307 L mol-1 cm-1.
How Accurate is Density Functional Theory for Molecules in Electric Fields?
Authors: Scheele Tarek , Neudecker Tim
Published: May 2022

The use of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) as a potential tool for catalyzing chemical reactions has gained traction in recent years. Electronic structure calculations using OEEFs are commonly done using methods based on density functional theory (DFT), but until now, the performance of DFT methods for calculating molecules in OEEFs had not been assessed in a more general scope. Looking at the accuracy of both molecular geometries and electronic energies, we have investigated a wide variety of density functionals using different basis sets to determine how well the individual functionals perform on various types of chemical bonds. We found that most functionals accurately calculate geometries in OEEFs, and that small basis sets are sufficient in many cases. Calculations of electronic energies show a significant error introduced by the OEEF, which the use of a larger basis set helps mitigate. Our findings show that DFT methods can be used for accurate calculations in OEEFs, allowing researchers to make full use of the advantages that they bring.
Charged small molecule binding to membranes in MD simulations evaluated against NMR experiments
Authors: Nencini Ricky , Ollila Samuli
Published: May 2022

Interactions of charged molecules with biomembranes regulate many of their biological activities, but their binding affinities to lipid bilayers are difficult to measure experimentally and model theoretically. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have potential to capture the complex interactions determining how charged biomolecules interact with membranes, but systematic overbinding of sodium and calcium cations in standard MD simulations raises a question how accurately force fields capture the interactions between lipid membranes and charged biomolecules. Here, we evaluate the binding of positively charged small molecules, Etidocaine and tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP), to a POPC lipid bilayer using the changes in lipid headgroup order parameters. Because the binding of these molecules is driven hydrophobic effects rather than direct electrostatic interactions, their binding affinities are not overestimated by standard force field parameters, implicit inclusion of electronic polarizability increases their binding affinity, and they penetrate into the hydrophobic membrane core, in contrast to calcium and sodium ions. Furthermore, our results elucidate the relative binding affinities between different charged biomolecules and delivers tools for further development of MD simulation parameters and methodology.
Sequence-controlled polyhydroxyurethanes with tunable regioregularity obtained from biobased vicinal bis-cyclic carbonates
Authors: Salvado Victor , Dolatkhani Marc , Grau Etienne , Vidil Thomas , Cramail Henri
Published: May 2022

Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) are phosgene and isocyanate-free polyurethanes (PUs) that are foreseen as a promising alternative to conventional polyurethanes (PUs). Herein, we use enantiopure bis-5CC obtained from the direct carbonatation of sugar-based butadiene tetraols that are enantiopure themselves, namely (i) meso-erythritol and (ii) its (S,S) diastereoisomer, (L)-threitol. For both erythritol dicarbonate (EDC) and threitol dicarbonate (TDC), the kinetics rate constant of the aminolysis of the dicarbonate is two orders of magnitude larger than that of the mono-carbonate resulting from the first aminolysis reaction. We use this feature to develop a one-pot, two step polymerization procedure offering sequence-controlled PHUs.
A computational investigation on the correlation of structure, stability, and reactivity of neutral and charged mono- and di-aluminium doped linear carbon chains (Al1,2C¬1-7)
Authors: maity surajit , Ramesh Jarupula
Published: May 2022

The structure, stability, and reactivity of mono- and di-aluminium substituted carbon clusters Al1,2C1-70, ± were computationally investigated at the B3LYP-D4/def2-TZVPP level of theory. The linear/quasi-linear structures of the clusters were found to be the most stable isomers, except AlC20,+. The calculations on various energy parameters, such as the binding energy, dissociation reaction energy, and second-order difference of energy, were performed for the investigation. Based on the binding energy values, a relative energy parameter was introduced which satisfactorily explained the stability of the clusters obtained from the dissociation reaction channel. The above parameter also agreeably explained the variation of chemical hardness, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, ionization energy, and electron affinity values. The results concluded that AlC2,4,6- , Al2C 2,4,6 clusters with singlet ground states are more stable than the adjacent triplet and odd-carbon clusters. The singlet species AlC3,5,7+ are found to be less stable than the adjacent triplet molecules due to the weak Al-C bond in the structures. The doublet molecules (AlCm, Al2Cm- ) have shown nearly equal stability in a series. The reactivity of Al1,2-doped clusters are found to be higher than the bare carbon chains. The current investigations could be vital to understanding the stability, reactivity, and molecular abundance of the metal-containing carbon chains under combustion and astronomical environments.
A Combined Photobiological-Photochemical Route to C10 Cycloalkane Jet Fuels from Carbon Dioxide via Isoprene
Authors: Rana Anup , Gomes Leandro Cid , Rodrigues João S. , Yacout Dalia M. M. , Arrou-Vignod Hugo , Sjölander Johan , Proos Vedin Nathalie , El Bakouri Ouissam , Stensjö Karin , Lindblad Peter , Andersson Leena , Sundberg Cecilia , Berglund Mathias , Lindberg Pia , Ottosson Henrik
Published: May 2022

The hemiterpene isoprene is a volatile C5 hydrocarbon with industrial applications. It is generated today from fossil resources, but can also be made in biological processes. We have utilized engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria for direct, light-driven production of bio-isoprene from carbon dioxide, and show that isoprene in a subsequent photochemical step, using either near-UV or simulated or natural solar light, can be dimerized into limonene, paradiprene, and isomeric C10H16 hydrocarbons (monoterpenes) in high yields under photosensitized conditions (above 90% after 44 hours with near-UV and 61% with simulated solar light). The optimal sensitizer in our experiments is di(naphth-1-yl)methanone which we use with a loading of merely 0.1 mol%. It can also easily be recycled for subsequent photodimerization cycles. The isoprene dimers generated are a mixture of [2+2], [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadducts, and after hydrogenation this mixture is nearly ideal as a drop-in jet fuel. Importantly the photodimerization can be carried out at ambient conditions. However, the high content of hydrogenated [2+2] dimers in our isoprene dimer mix lowers the flash point below the threshold (38 °C), yet, these dimers can be converted thermally into [4+2] and [4+4] dimers. When hydrogenated these monoterpenoids fully satisfy the criteria for drop-in jet fuels with regard to energy density, flashpoint, kinematic viscosity, density, and freezing point. Life-cycle assessment results show a potential to produce the fuel in an environmentally sustainable way.
THE CROPPING PATTERN CHARACTERIZATION, SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF MAIZE (Zea Mays) SEED PRODUCTION IN DEUKHURI, DANG NEPAL
Authors: Bhandari Sudip , Acharya Subash , Neupane Rashmi , Adhikari Kripa , Shah Kabita
Published: May 2022

Maize ranks second position after rice both in area and production in Nepal. In recent year, the area under Maize cultivation has steadily increase but the productivity has been low which is unable to meet the demand and is mostly affected by insect/pests and diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize producers. A field survey was carried out in which 30 households of Lamahi Municipality of Dang district during June 2019.The Lamahi municipality was strictly involved in seed production and the RajpurGaupaika was found better in seed production than Gaduwa and Rapti Gaupalika.Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule. Pairwise ranking method was used to rank problems based on index value. The average area used for seed production was 0.3hac with productivity of 0.53mt.The major(66.7%) source of foundation seed was obtained from NARC, Khajura,Nepalgunj.About 86.67% and 80% farmer were access to extension service and had received training on Maize seed production.The majority of people followed Maize-Rice –wheat cropping pattern ranks first on the basis of index value(0.87).Insect/pests and diseases ranked at first as a major problem in maize seed production with (0.69) index value followed by lack of technical assistance,irregular field inspection,scarcity of input and loan unavailability .Similarly Maize stem borer and Bacterial stalk rot ranked at first as a major pests and diseases with (0.83) and (0.68) index value respectively.Similarly low volume of production ranked as a first major problem of marketing.Proper training,extension services and government support on inputs should be focus to enhance better socioeconomic condition and production of Maize.
EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS IN MORPHOLOGY, PHENOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD OF WHEAT
Authors: Gyanwali Prashant , Khanal Renuka
Published: May 2022

The burning issue in the world as of now is global warming. Global warming has been a major threat to agriculture and food security. One of the threats caused by global warming is drought, which is responsible for reduced yield of crops and in some cases severely damage the crops to the point of no production and so it poses a big threat towards food security. By knowing in which system drought affects a plant can be used to develop resistant varieties accordingly. Knowing the effects of drought provides a parameter to judge a plant’s level of resistance towards drought. New drought tolerant varieties can be produced by making crosses between varieties which are less affected by drought and selecting among their progeny.
STUDIES OF VARIABILITY AND YIELD PERFORMANCE IN SOME ACCESSIONS OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: M. O. Akinyele, , R. O. Oyewale, , I. Nasiru, , O.C. Ogunremi, , U. A. Ekwere, , R. I. Joseph, , D.A. Adeshina
Published: May 2022

Field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, to evaluate some accessions of sorghum. Nineteen (19) sorghum accessions were characterized and yield determined with its component traits. A randomized complete block design with three replicate was used for the experiment. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves/plants, leaf length, leaf width, grain weight and 1000 seed weight. Data on the various morph-agronomical traits were subjected toindividual and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA). Highly significant differences among accessions were found for all characters. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and high phenotypic and genotypic variability was observed between the nineteen sorghum accessions. The highest value of heritability was observed in grain weight (99 %), and the highest yielding accession was AKV11 (Kaura) with grain weight of 614g and 514.33g for the two consecutive years, therefore, AKV11, AKV9 and AKV14 were recommended for Sorghum improvement programme and for farmers in Southern guinea zones of Nigeria.
ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING TECHNIQUE AND ITS IMPACTS ON RICE PRODUCTION
Authors: subedi Nisha , poudel Samir
Published: May 2022

The agriculture sector has been facing challenges due to climate change particularly increasing global water scarcity which threatens irrigated low land rice production. Alternate Wetting and drying (AWD) is a water management system where rice fields are not continuously submerged and the fields are allowed to dry intermittently during the rice-growing period. AWD technique is a necessity for modern farming of rice as it is profitable over the continuous flooding irrigation system which prevents the wastage of scarce and vital water resources, irrigation cost and protects the environment from degradation. It also protects human health from diseases like Malaria as there is an absence of continuous flooding for the mosquito to lay eggs. It helps to enhance food security by increasing the production, nutrient content, and minimizing the toxic elements in rice. However, if this technique is not done properly in the field from time to time, we can also get negative impacts. It varies according to soil condition, irrigation timing, environment, etc.
RESPONSE OF WHEAT PARAMETERS TO SOWING DATE AND IRRIGATION SUPPLIED IN TERAI REGION OF NEPAL
Authors: Aryal Shreya , Dhungel Bishwash , Subedi Khem Raj , Lamichhane Pawan , Bhattarai Sulav
Published: May 2022

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple food crops all around the world. It belongs to the family Poaceae. It has high dietary fiber content and is the good source of carbohydrate due to which it has wide cultivation in the entire world. It is the 3 rd most cultivated commercial crop in Nepal. It is most popular among terai region due to suitable climate and irrigation supply. Wheat is generally a winter season crop and its growth and yield highly depends upon various factors where sowing time and irrigation requirements are the major ones. Wheat sown at appropriate time with average water supply and minimum to average temperature contributes to high wheat production. Sowing in time leads the wheat to absorb adequate sunlight and harness it for increasing the production. Similarly ,6-7 irrigation supplied during the growth contributes to higher yield and good grain quality of wheat. With the advancement in technology improved seeds have been introduced in Nepal which are disease resistant. But still water stress resistant wheat varieties have not been introduced and researches are going on. So, sowing on time and providing irrigation is very important for good response of growth parameters and to attain maximum productivity of wheat.
COMPARATIVE POTENCY OF BIO-RATIONAL INSECTICIDES BASED IPM APPROACHES AGAINST TOMATO LEAF MINER (TUTA ABSOLUTA, MEYRICK) UNDER FIELD CONDITION
Authors: Abu Sayeed Kazi Md. , Islam Md. Aminul , Yousuf Md. , Alam Md. Jewel
Published: May 2022

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), the tomato leaf miner, is one of the most key pests affecting tomato crops in Bangladesh and causes damage up to 90% yield loss, and very difficult to control. An open field research was conducted in the Arboriculture Centre, Bangladesh National Parliament, Sere Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh during December 2017 to April 2018 on the management of tomato leaf miner using ten selected bio-rational insecticide based IPM packages viz. Emamectin benzoate + removal of instead leaf & fruit, spinosad + removal of infested leaf & fruit, abamectin + removal of infested leaf & fruit, emamectin benzoate + abamectin, spinosad + buprofezin, abamectin + buprofezin, emamectin benzoate + lufenuron, buprofezin + removal of infested leaf & fruit, buprofezin + lufenuron and lufenuron + removal of infested leaf & fruit along with an untreated control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (BCBD) with three replications of each treatment. The effectiveness of IPM packages was evaluated based on following parameters namely percent leaf and fruit infestation, percent protection of leaf and fruit over control, marketable and infested fruit yield (t/ha), percent increase or decrease of marketable or infested fruit over control. All the IPM packages significantly reduced percent leaf and fruit infestation and significantly increased/decreased the marketable/infested fruit yield, respectively over untreated control at 7 days after spraying (DAS). Of different packages, the best results were observed in case of emamectin benzoate + removal of infested leaf & fruit (84.83% and 86.54% leaf and fruit, respectively protection over control; marketable fruit yield of 46.60 t/ha and 71.67% reduction of infested fruit yield over control) treated plot whereas the lowest protection was obtained from lufenuron + removal of infested leaf & fruit (34.95% and 37.33% leaf and fruit, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 26.49 t/ha and 11.36% reduction of infested fruit yield over control) treated plots. Therefore, emamectin benzoate + removal of infested leaf & fruit could be recommended as the IPM packages for the sustainable management of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta.
GROWTH PROMOTING IMPACT OF DUAL FUNGAL INOCULATIONS ON Piper longum, A BIOACTIVE & RET MEDICINAL PLANT OF ODISHA, INDIA
Authors: Panigrahi Manas Ranjan , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Gupta Nibha
Published: May 2022

A pot experiment using submerged culture of native phosphate solubilising microflora of Piper longum with completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 20 replications along with control was carried out. The experiments were conducted on Piper longum seedlings grown by vegetative propagation method in two different seasons along with control and different fungal inoculation either individual and /or dual sets. The morphological parameters recorded on plant height, root length, biomass, leaf no., area as well as physiological growth parameters like relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate, quality index and chlorophyll content of the plants of 160 days of growth. All data subjected to analysis of variance as one factor at a time in different experimental sets. Data recorded on growth performance of plants revealed better effect on enhancement of growth of plants in rainy and winter season as compared to control. The plants developed good growth under inoculated condition in rainy season and growth promotion effect of fungi exhibited the higher shoot height, leaf no and fruit no. whereas winter season promoted more leaf area of the plants. Overall, piperine content of the fruits was more or less similar in both the season. However, winter season supported richer physiological state of plant in terms of total carbohydrate, reducing and non-reducing sugar. However, physiological parameters of fungi inoculated plants during rainy season exhibited higher variation than the winter season. Overall potential for growth promotion and development of Piper longum is clearly visible due to inoculation of P. admetzi in both seasons. This fungus also performs better in dual inoculation with F. moniliforme, A. acculeatus and Paecilomyces lilacinus. A. niger also performed good in combination with F. moniliforme and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Though A. acculeatus supports good for plant promotion during winter season individually, plants of rainy season under inoculated conditions performed better for the implementation as conservation and production strategies is concerned. However, inoculation of P. admetzi during winter season gives more leaf area useful for more appropriate strategies for commercial promotion of Piper longum for vegetative propagation and commercialization in large scale.
EFFECTS OF SEED PRIMING ON SEED GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF CHILI (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.) UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITION
Authors: E’rahim Nur Izzah Khadijah , Nordin Mohd Shukor , Salleh Mohd Syahmi
Published: May 2022

Seed priming may improve seed germination and early seedling growth of plants under water deficit condition. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of seed priming on the germination and early seedling growth of chili under water deficit condition and to identify the optimum rate of seed priming for higher seed germination and early seedling growth. The water deficit stress level towards early seedling growth also been identified. The priming treatments involved were non-priming as control, and priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 15 mg/L. Seed germination experiment was conducted using wet-tissue method for seven days duration. Germination percentage, germination index and seedling vigour index were recorded in the seed germination experiment. The germinated seeds were then sown and grown under five different levels of water deficit treatment in accordance with the frequency of watering mainly watering 8 times (S1), 4 times (S2), 2 times (S3), once (S4), and not watered (S5), in a duration of 14 days. The early seedling growth performance was based on plant height, and root length. Seed germination and early seedling growth performance of 5 mg/L GA3 primed seeds was significantly better as compared to other seed priming treatments. In addition, the S1 and S2 could be regarded as non-stress condition, S3 and S4 as mild to moderate stress and S5 as severe stress since all seedlings were not survived under S5 condition. In general, S2 was found to be the optimum watering treatment as it recorded the highest plant height and root length of the seedlings.
INVESTIGATION OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES OF YAM IN SELECTED YAM FARMS IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE
Authors: Kingsley Elele
Published: May 2022

Investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes of yam in selected yam farms in two Local Government Areas of Rivers State was conducted. A total of 22 yam farms were selected and assessed, 12 from Emohua and 10 from Etche Local Governemnet Areas (LGA). Two tubers of yam ready to be harvested were randomly selected and the soil around it were collected, bagged individually and transported to the laboratory for bioassay. Sieve plate nematode extraction technique was used for extraction of nematodes from the tubers and soil. The purpose of the study was to identify the plant parasitic nematodes that affect yam in the selected zone and likely to predict if nematode was a predisposing agent to yam rot in the study area. The results showed that in Emohua LGA, Meloidogtne spp. with mean population of 90.407±0.543 were the most prevalent species in the soil samples followed by Heterodera spp. with 38.622±0.891 and Pratylenchus spp. with 26.322±0.962 while in the roots and yam tuber Meloidogyne spp. had the most prevalent species with mean population of 69.510±0.907, followed by Scutellonema spp. with 15.651±2.201 and then Ditylenchus spp. with 13.7651±2.644. Also, in Etche LGA, Meloidogyne spp., Tylenchulus spp. and Rotylenchulus spp. had the most prevalent species in the soil with mean populations of 24.920±0.479, 22.426±1.093 and 20.202±0.828 respectively. In the roots and yam tubers, Scutellonema spp., Meloidogyne spp. and Heterodera spp. in that order had the most prevalent species with mean populations of 17.814±0.253, 13.240±0.286 and 10.619±0.401 respectively. Data analysis showed that plant-parasitic nematodes recovered from the soil and roots/yam tuber were statistically significant at P<0.05. These showed that the presence of these plant-parasitic nematodes in the study area suggests that they are important pests of yams even though their presence is not noticed by farmers. They could be attributed to poor yield in yams in the study areas.
INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY BLIGHT (ALTERNARIA SOLANI) OF POTATO
Authors: Chaudhary Avdhesh Kumar , Yadav Janardan , Gupta Aman Kumar , Gupta Kalindee
Published: May 2022

This review is to reviewed with an objective of reviewing the overall aspect of early blight of potato crop along with its management options. Potato is the most important vegetable crop in terms of quantities produced and consumed worldwide. It is the fast-growing major crop in the world with important economic impact on many resource-poor farming families. However, its production is currently disturbed by a number of biotic and abiotic constraints. Epidemics of early blight caused by Alternaria spp. can cause significant economic damage to potato production if not timely controlled. It is prevalent worldwide wherever potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants are grown. The disease can damage both potato foliage and tubers and can causes yield losses of 5-50%. Early blight is a poly cyclic disease that can cause more than one disease epidemics within a single cropping season. It is difficult to control because of its capacity to produce huge amounts of secondary inoculum. Since the disease is very important in causing economic losses of yields on potato crop, developing and using effective and appropriate management options is necessary. Using good cultural practices and applying chemical fungicides are important in reducing as well as managing of early blight disease of potato. Even though there is no well-developed biological control of early blight, it is very important to develop such management strategies. Because biological control measures are specific, efficient and environmentally safe. In order to control early blight in potato, studies were conducted to identify the optimal fungicide strategy and, if possible, to reduce the number of fungicide applications per growing season. Therefore, a disease-threshold-based framework was tested to define the optimal timing of fungicide application. The initiation and subsequent applications of fungicides were based on increases in disease incidence or severity.
Mikroplastik sebagai Kontaminan Anyar dan Efek Toksiknya terhadap Kesehatan
Authors: Supit Alva , Tompodung Linda , Kumaat Sicilia
Published: May 2022

Microplastics are synthetic polymers that are unable to be completely degraded and will stay as an environmental contaminant for a long period of time. Due to their microscopic size, microplastics are able to enter the human body, either directly or indirectly via the food chain, where both processes will induce pathological changes in-vivo. So far, clinically, there has been no direct evidence yet about any microplastic-related disease in humans. However, since Indonesia is a maritime country and has been producing microplastics on a large scale, it is critical for our healthcare personnel to have the knowledge about microplastic toxicokinetics and the possible pathological responses elicited by humans when exposed to microplastics. This review article aims to discuss the definition, genesis, accumulation process, toxicokinetics, and pathological responses due to microplastic exposure, emphasizing the biomolecular aspects and implying the possible effects on public health. An internet search in Google Scholar and Pubmed was performed using keywords "microplastics" and "health", as well as their Indonesian language counterparts. Full-text English or Indonesian text from the year 2018 to 2020 were gathered and used as the primary references for this literature review. Microplastics are a novel emerging contaminant that is currently accumulating in the earth's biomass with the potency to induce pathological changes in the human body. Health practitioners are expected to have knowledge about the harm of microplastic to humans. Eventually, follow-up acts should be taken to prevent and manage the microplastic-related pathologies as discussed further in this review.
Determinan Perilaku Pemeriksaan HIV pada Wanita Penjaja Seks Langsung di Eks Lokalisasi
Authors: Sari Nirma Lidia
Published: May 2022

HIV testing is the most important entry point in HIV/AIDS prevention, care, support, and treatment services. In implementing HIV/AIDS and STI control, the government recommends re-testing for HIV at least once every 6 months in groups with high-risk behavior. However, the coverage of HIV testing in key populations vulnerable to HIV infection, including Direct Female Sex Workers (DFSW) is still low. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV testing behavior among DFSW. The sample in this study amounted to 103 people. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate multiple logistic regression methods. The test results showed that the source of the information was related to HIV testing (p-value 0.045); odds ratio 4.401. Peer support was related to HIV testing (p-value 0.023) odds ratio 5.22. Support from field officers was related to compliance with HIV testing (p-value 0.000); odds ratio 19.02. There are two confounding variables, namely health worker support (p-value 0.28); odds ratio 3.747 and attitude (p-valule 0.242); odds ratio 0.461 as a protective factor. From the results of the analysis, it was found that field staff variables had more influence on HIV testing. Efforts to improve HIV testing behavior are carried out by increasing the number of information sources that are presented as attractive as possible. The role of field officers and peers as partners in encouraging DFSW to carry out HIV testing needs to be increased.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Komitmen Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis Paru
Authors: Giri Dewi Dwipayanti , Sary Lolita , Perdana Agung Aji
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of death and is a top priority in the world. Bandar Lampung city is one of the cities with a low CDR of 63% in 2019, which indicates that TB transmission is still high. The theory of the Health Promotion Model in which prevention can be done by changing behavior is reinforced by a commitment to plan action. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors related to the commitment to prevent pulmonary TB transmission at Bandar Lampung City Health Center in 2021. This type of research was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was multistage cluster-random sampling so 66 respondents were obtained. Data analysis was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. There is a relationship between perceived barriers (p-value=0,015), affect related-activity (p-value=0,015) and perceived interpersonal influence (p-value=0,002) with commitment in prevention. Meanwhile, perceived benefits (p-value=0,143), self-efficacy (p-value=0,666) and perceived situational influence (p-value=0,903) were not. Perception of interpersonal influence is the most dominant factor related to the commitment to prevent pulmonary TB transmission (OR:11,52 (2,38-55,57)).
Tingkat Kecemasan pada Lansia yang Dilakukan Terapi Teknik Relaksasi Otot Progresif dan Terapi Reminiscence
Authors: Adawiyah Siti Robeatul , Anwar Syamsul , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2022

Anxiety experienced by the elderly in Indonesia is very high. Anxiety disorders in the elderly reach 5.5%, which is often experienced by those aged 60 years and over. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques and reminiscence therapy on the level of anxiety in the elderly. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a total sampling technique of 30 respondents who were divided into 2 groups. The instrument in this study used HARS. Data analysis using paired samples test and GLM. The results showed a decrease in anxiety levels after the intervention with p-value=0.000. The results obtained in these two interventions were a p-value of 0.000<0.05, it can be concluded that there was a change in the value of decreasing anxiety in the elderly before and after the progressive muscle relaxation technique and reminiscence therapy was carried out. Suggestions for further researchers need to do similar research with the addition of a larger number of respondents. Therefore, intervention was carried out not in groups, and different sample criteria were carried out to get maximum results.
Perilaku Petani Hortikultura terhadap Paparan Pestisida
Authors: Murwanto Bambang , Rosita Yeni
Published: May 2022

Horticultural crop farmers are a population at risk for pesticide poisoning, which in the long run will cause anemia. The purpose of the study was to determine the behavior of horticultural farmers in Gisting District, Tanggamus Regency in spraying pesticides. This research design uses a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. Informants in this study were horticultural agricultural workers who were taken purposively in the production of horticultural crops, community leaders as well as agricultural and health officers, namely Pekon Campang, Gisting District, Tanggamus Regency. The interview technique used is Focus Group Discussion (FGD) or Terarah Group Discussion (DKT) for agricultural workers and in-depth. In principle, the behavior of farmers using pesticides is still not good, such as how to spray pesticides, including the management of used pesticide containers and not using proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, with the support of community leaders, including the head of the village (village), they made efforts to prevent poisoning. The health office should pay special attention to this area (Pekon Campang) for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and toddlers who are at risk of being affected by pesticide poisoning, either directly or indirectly.
Kajian Pengolahan Limbah Cair CPO (Minyak Sawit Mentah) dengan Air Laut dan PAC (Poly Aluminium Chlorida) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Minyak/ Lemak, BOD, COD, TSS dan Menstabilkan Nilai pH
Authors: Barus Linda , Masra Ferizal
Published: May 2022

Palm Oil Mill Liquid Waste (PMKS) is a potential source of pollution for humans and the environment. PMKS liquid waste generally has a high temperature, is brown, contains dissolved and suspended solids in the form of colloids and high residues of oil, BOD, and COD. If the effluent is not treated first and immediately discharged into the waters, it has the potential to pollute the environment. Previous studies have shown that the comparison value of seawater and liquid waste is 1:3. The highest decrease was 97.3% for BOD, 94.8% for COD, 94.43% for oils and fats, 87.36% for TSS, and a pH of 60.7% with a pH value of 8.5 at a rotation of 60 minutes. The results of this study showed that there was a higher level of pollution reduction. Therefore, in this study, we tried to treat palm oil effluent with seawater and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) and the result is the highest decrease in BOD at 96.21%, COD the highest at 97.5%, the highest oil/fat figure was 48.5%, the highest TSS number 58.0%, the highest pH 13.5%. Suggestions in the CPO liquid waste treatment process should take advantage of the by-product of the anaerobic treatment process that produces methane gas. which can be used to generate electricity. And it can be applied to the initial stage of the CPO liquid waste WWTP which is then processed for the sediment because it contains oil as the raw material for making cream soap.