bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Force‐deflection behaviour of NiTi archwires in a polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) bracket system
Authors: Ahmad M.N. , Mahmud A.S. , Razali M.F. , Mokhtar N.
Published: March 2019

In orthodontic treatment, archwire forces for tooth movement is influenced by the magnitude of friction encountered during the sliding motion of archwire along the bracket slot. Friction will reduce the archwire force, and subsequently modify the constant force delivery trend into a slope. The aim of this work is to investigate the force‐deflection behaviour of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy archwire on polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) as the bracket. Sliding tests was performed to determine the coefficient of friction of polytetrafluoroethylene‐NiTi material combinations. The force‐deflection behaviour was evaluated from a modified bending tests, at two different configurations; commercial stainless‐steel bracket and hand‐made polytetrafluoroethylene bracket. During test, wires were deflected into different deflections (2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm) by using four commercial NiTi archwires at different sizes and geometry. From the test; coefficient of friction for polytetrafluoroethylene‐NiTi wire was recorded as small as 0.07. On force‐deflection graphs, bending load on 3 mm and 4 mm deflection were observed higher on stainless steel (SS) bracket compared with polytetrafluoroethylene bracket. Due to small coefficient of friction on polytetrafluoroethylene‐NiTi configuration, the NiTi archwire exhibited the activation and deactivation force within the plateau limit. Greater friction on stainless steel‐nickel‐titanium bracket configuration causes wire to release force in a slope trend. This finding highlights the potential of polytetrafluoroethylene as a material in the bracket slot to minimize friction during orthodontic treatment.
Effect of amorphous silica by rice husk ash on physical properties and microstructures of recycled aluminium chip AA7075
Authors: Mohd Joharudin N.F. , Abdul Latif N. , Mustapa M.S. , Mansor M.N. , Siswanto W.A. , Murugesan J. , Yusof F.
Published: March 2019

High strength to weight ratio of aluminium reinforced as metal matrix composites is a well known material used in automotive application. The effects of recycled aluminium chips AA7075 with amorphous silica by rice husk ash on the physical properties and microstructure were investigated. Recycled aluminium chip AA7075 was reinforced with agro waste of amorphous silica rice husk ash i. e., 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, 10 % and 12.5 %. Samples of these metal matrix composites were prepared by cold compaction method due to the lower energies consumption and operating cost compared to conventional recycling by casting. Physical testing of density, apparent porosity, water absorption and hardness tests of the metal matrix composites samples were examined in the current study. The density of metal matrix composites was increased up to 5 % of amorphous silica, and then decreased with increasing mass fraction of amorphous silica. Porosity and water absorption of metal matrix composites were significantly consistent at increasing mass fraction of amorphous silica, while the hardness of metal matrix composites was increased at increasing amorphous silica. Consequently, the microstructures of metal matrix composites were observed via optical microscope to analyze the dispersion of the reinforced composites. The microstructures of metal matrix composites were found non‐homogeneous and random distribution of amorphous silica and aluminium chip AA7075 compared to 100 % recycled aluminium chip AA7075. Based on investigation to aluminium reinforced rice husk ash composites, it has good potential to improve the material behavior of metal matrix composites by appropriate composition amorphous silica to composite.
Optimal delegation choices in the presence of an incongruent performance measure and double moral hazard
Authors: Schöndube‐Pirchegger Barbara , Schöndube Jens Robert
Published: March 2019

An owner‐manager can delegate two tasks to an agent. A time constraint prevents him from completing both tasks at first‐best levels. He can (a) perform both tasks personally to the extent possible, (b) delegate one task to an agent, or (c) delegate both tasks. Agency costs arise from a congruity problem, a double moral hazard problem, and a risk and incentive trade‐off. Delegation becomes more favorable the stronger the time constraint. Once delegation is preferred, the optimal extent of delegation depends on the relation of sensitivity to productivity ratios in both tasks. Agency costs not necessarily increase in delegation level.
Pallidal thermolesion unleashes gamma oscillations in the motor cortex in Parkinson's disease
Authors: de Hemptinne Coralie , Wang Doris D. , Miocinovic Svjetlana , Chen Witney , Ostrem Jill L. , Starr Philip A.
Published: March 2019

Background

In Parkinson's disease, the emergence of motor dysfunction is thought to be related to an imbalance between “antikinetic” and “prokinetic” patterns of oscillatory activity in the motor network. Invasive recordings from the basal ganglia and cortex in surgical patients have suggested that levodopa and therapeutic deep brain stimulation can suppress antikinetic beta band (13‐30 Hz) rhythms while promoting prokinetic gamma band (60‐90 Hz) rhythms. Surgical ablation of the globus pallidus internus is one of the oldest effective therapies for Parkinson's disease and produces remarkably immediate relief of rigidity and bradykinesia, but its effects on oscillatory activity in the motor network have not been studied.

Objectives

We characterize the effects of pallidotomy on cortical oscillatory activity in Parkinson's patients.

Methods

Using a temporary 6‐contact lead placed over the sensorimotor cortex in the subdural space, we recorded acute changes in cortical oscillatory activities in 3 Parkinson's disease patients undergoing pallidotomy and compared the results to that of 3 essential tremor patients undergoing thalamotomy.

Results

In all 3 Parkinson's disease patients, we observed the emergence of a ~70‐80 Hz narrowband oscillation with effective thermolesion of the pallidum. This gamma oscillatory activity was spatially localized over the primary motor cortex, was minimally affected by voluntary movements, and was not found in the motor cortex of essential tremor patients undergoing thalamotomy.

Conclusions

Our finding suggests that acute lesioning of the pallidum promotes cortical gamma band oscillations. This may represent an important mechanism for alleviating bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Preparation and study magnetic properties of the spinal ferrite Mg1 − XZnXFe2O4
Authors: Kadhim Kadhim J. , Mezher Sabah J. , Yasin Nabil J. , Ismael Zeyad T.
Published: March 2019

The ceramic techniques were used to prepare spinal ferrite (Mg‐Zn) to evaluate and investigate the microwaves absorption at X‐band and Ku‐band with formula (Mg1 − X Zn
X Fe2O4) at x = (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) where x is percentage of zinc in the ferrite. The dimension of samples was used according to the cavity of Network Analyzer System which were 22.6 × 10 × 10 mm to the X‐band cavity, then refine them to 15.5 × 10 × 10 mm within in the Ku‐band. The resonance peaks appeared at the frequencies 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 17 GHz. It was found that the effect of increase sintering temperature increases the values of attenuation and absorbance with best result in behavior of absorbance for the sample Mg0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 at the range of X‐band. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the structure was polycrystalline.
Outcome and complications of adjustable continence therapy (ProACTTM) in the treatment of urinary incontinence after transurethral resection of the prostate: A multicenter study
Authors: Noordhoff Toscane C. , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M.
Published: March 2019

Aim

To evaluate the outcome of adjustable continence balloons in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Methods

In two tertiary centers, adjustable continence balloons were implanted in 29 patients with post‐TURP SUI between 2007 and 2018. Endpoints of this retrospective multicenter study were patient‐reported changes in pad count and complications. Dry was defined as no pad or one security pad.

Results

Preoperative urinary incontinence was mild in 7 (24%), moderate in 12 (41%), and severe in 10 (35%) patients. The median follow‐up duration was 21 (interquartile range [IQR], 11‐43) months. Within 30 days postoperatively, a Clavien‐Dindo grade less than or equal to II complication occurred in 24% of the patients. Reintervention rate was 24%. Six and 12 months after implantation, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) quality‐of‐life item improved significantly from 5 (IQR, 5‐6) preoperatively to 3 (IQR, 1‐4.5) and 1 (IQR, 0‐3), respectively. At last visit (median 21 months after implantation), the outcome on continence had improved in 76% of the patients, including, 45% dry patients. After a median follow‐up of 28 months (IQR, 13‐63; N = 23), all but one patient reported improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) scale. In detail, 10 patients reported “very much better” condition compared with before the implantation, 10 patients “much better,” two patients “a little better,” and one patient “no change.” Daily pad use decreased from three (IQR, 2‐5) to one (IQR, 0‐2) pads/day (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This is hitherto, the first study reporting results of adjustable continence balloons in the treatment of post‐TURP SUI. The therapy was found to be safe and efficient. The majority of our study population reported improvement on their condition and greater than or equal to 50% reduction in daily pad use.
Vaginal axis after abdominal sacrocolpopexy versus vaginal sacrospinous fixation—a randomized trial
Authors: Juliato Cassia Raquel Teatin , Santos‐Junior Luiz Carlos , de Castro Edilson Benedito , Dertkigil Sergio Sanjuan , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira
Published: March 2019

Aims

To compare postoperative vaginal axis (VA) following vaginal sacrospinous fixation (VSF) or abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at postoperative period, in a randomized sample.

Methods

Seventy‐one patients randomized to VSF with an anterior mesh or ASC were recruited with a mean 27‐month follow‐up for pelvic MRI; 40 patients underwent the examination. VA was calculated in relation to the pelvic inclination correction line. All patients were submitted to physical examination according to the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system, subjective impression questionnaires and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire, ICIQ). Objective failure was defined as points Ba, Bp, or C > 0. Subjective cure was defined as questions 5a and 6a from the ICIQ‐VS questionnaire equal to zero.

Results

VA exhibited two portions (inferior and medium). Mean medium axis was equally more obtuse in VSF (85.9° ± 9.9°; P < 0.001) and ASC (87.1° ± 14.7°; P < 0.001) groups, with no difference between them. Mean inferior axis was more acute for both groups (VSF, 72.5° ± 19.1°, P < 0.001; ASC, 75.7° ± 15.5°, P < 0.001). All women had normal medium axes and 47.5% had inferior axis values above the 95th or below the fifth percentile, without differences regarding type of surgery performed. Women with abnormal vs normal VA did not present any difference regarding pre or postoperative physical examination, demographic characteristics, objective or subjective cure, patient satisfaction, QoL scores, or sexuality.

Conclusions

Both VSF and ASC deviate the physiological VA, both in its medium and inferior portions, where values fall outside normality percentiles. However, this alteration was not associated with worse objective, subjective, QoL, or sexual outcomes.
Diagnostic accuracy of neuroimaging in pediatric optic chiasm/sellar/suprasellar tumors
Authors: Norris Gregory A. , Garcia Jacquelyn , Hankinson Todd C. , Handler Michael , Foreman Nicholas , Mirsky David , Stence Nicholas , Dorris Kathleen , Green Adam L.
Published: March 2019

Preoperative diagnosis for tumors arising in the optic chiasm/sellar/suprasellar region in children is helpful to determine surgical necessity and approach, given the high operative risk in this area. We evaluated the ability to differentiate tumor type by preoperative neuroimaging. Thirty‐eight of 53 tumors were correctly diagnosed by neuroimaging based on final pathologic diagnosis (prediction accuracy 72%). Prediction accuracies were 87% (20/23) for craniopharyngioma, 79% (11/14) for optic pathway glioma, 64% (7/11) for germ cell tumor, and 0% (0/5) for Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Diagnosis of optic chiasm/sellar/suprasellar tumors in children by imaging alone should be considered when biopsy is considered high risk.
Cover Image, Volume 75, Issue 3
Authors: Borowski Zbigniew , Bałazy Radomir , Ciesielski Mariusz , Korzeniewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2019

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Does winter supplementary feeding affect deer damage in a forest ecosystem? A field test in areas with different levels of deer pressure by Zbigniew Borowski et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5131. Image Credit: Karol Zub.

image
Trial analysis of drug profiling by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to establish the origin of ephedrines used as precursors for illicit production of methamphetamine
Authors: Makino Yukiko , Urano Yasuteru , Kaneko Kiyoko
Published: March 2019

Rationale

We investigated whether chemical information on the origin of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (ephedrines) can be acquired by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as a substitute method for stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is not routinely available in forensic laboratories. We examined the characteristic inorganic elemental contaminants of ephedrines as a preliminary study.

Methods

The stable isotope ratios measured by IRMS analysis are expressed relative to the stable isotope ratios of conventional standards. Referring to the method using validated standard samples in IRMS, we selected a standard sample for acquiring stable isotopic ratio by LC/MS. The abundance ratio of the [M + 2H]+ ion to the [M + H]+ ion was measured by means of selected ion monitoring. We carried out qualitative analysis of inorganic elements contained in ephedrines produced by different manufacturing methods with ICPMS.

Results

We found that the ratio of stable isotope ion to molecular ion (stable isotope ratio) of ephedrines could be measured with LC/MS. The stable isotope ratio of ephedrines determined by LC/MS were confirmed to show relatively good correlations with the carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios found by IR‐MS. We identified strontium as a characteristic inorganic element contained in ephedrines prepared by the semisynthetic method from molasses, or in the biosynthetic method from ephedra plants.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that useful chemical information can be obtained by LC/MS, which is easy to carry out, and is generally available in forensic laboratories. It would be worthwhile to investigate the usefulness of stable isotope ratio measurements of Sr in the future.
Organizing pneumonia co‐existing with carcinoid tumour: complete resolution with bronchoscopic tumour resection
Authors: Bajaj Divyansh , Todd Nevins , Hossain Rydhwana , Mahajan Karan , Burrows Whitney , Sachdeva Ashutosh
Published: March 2019

Organizing pneumonia is a well‐known clinical entity resulting in response to noxious stimuli causing lung injury. It is known to occur with infectious disease processes, neoplasms, post lung surgery or radiation therapy and when idiopathic, is called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. We present an unusual case of a 48‐year‐old woman who presented with chronic cough and progressive dyspnoea while being on macrolide therapy for Lyme disease. Computerized tomography of chest demonstrated a well‐circumscribed nodule in the lingula and bilateral central ground glass opacities. Transbronchial biopsies were consistent with carcinoid tumour in the lingula and organizing pneumonia in bilateral lung fields. Bronchoscopic relief of obstruction was performed by mechanical debulking of the tumour, with subsequent complete resolution of bilateral opacities, consistent with resolution of organizing pneumonia without the need for steroid therapy.
Multimodal obstacle detection in unstructured environments with conditional random fields
Authors: Kragh Mikkel , Underwood James
Published: March 2019

Reliable obstacle detection and classification in rough and unstructured terrain such as agricultural fields or orchards remains a challenging problem. These environments involve large variations in both geometry and appearance, challenging perception systems that rely on only a single sensor modality. Geometrically, tall grass, fallen leaves, or terrain roughness can mistakenly be perceived as nontraversable or might even obscure actual obstacles. Likewise, traversable grass or dirt roads and obstacles such as trees and bushes might be visually ambiguous. In this paper, we combine appearance‐ and geometry‐based detection methods by probabilistically fusing lidar and camera sensing with semantic segmentation using a conditional random field. We apply a state‐of‐the‐art multimodal fusion algorithm from the scene analysis domain and adjust it for obstacle detection in agriculture with moving ground vehicles. This involves explicitly handling sparse point cloud data and exploiting both spatial, temporal, and multimodal links between corresponding 2D and 3D regions. The proposed method was evaluated on a diverse data set, comprising a dairy paddock and different orchards gathered with a perception research robot in Australia. Results showed that for a two‐class classification problem (ground and nonground), only the camera leveraged from information provided by the other modality with an increase in the mean classification score of 0.5%. However, as more classes were introduced (ground,
sky,
vegetation, and
object), both modalities complemented each other with improvements of 1.4% in 2D and 7.9% in 3D. Finally, introducing temporal links between successive frames resulted in improvements of 0.2% in 2D and 1.5% in 3D.
hMod: A software framework for assembling highly detailed heuristics algorithms
Authors: Urra Enrique , Cubillos Claudio , Cabrera‐Paniagua Daniel , Mellado Rafael
Published: March 2019

Software design and component reuse for heuristic algorithms have gained in relevance; however, further innovation is needed. In this context, hMod is presented as a software framework suited for implementing heuristic algorithms, with a focus on intensive reuse of highly cohesive operator and data components within algorithmic structures, making it possible to dynamically (re)configure and manage such a structure. Rather than a fast‐prototyping tool, hMod supports heuristic implementation in the long term, whereby complexity can escalate from simple operators to major hyperheuristic architectures. In its core resides a novel object‐oriented representation of algorithms through a pattern‐like implementation, namely, algorithm assembling (AA). Additionally, it incorporates component integration features, such as dependency injection mechanisms. hMod has been mentioned in previous research, in which hyperheuristic methods were implemented and evaluated from an optimization perspective. In this work, a description of the framework is presented from the software design perspective, including the AA model, its architecture, and a detailed presentation of the main features of the framework. Previous hMod applications have demonstrated that it supports not only the software design requirements of heuristic algorithms but performance standards as well. Available sources of the framework can be found in http://gitlab.com/eurra/hmod.
The relationship between daylight and happiness for women in residential districts of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Javani Zahra , Madani Ramin , Hojat Isa , Zadeh Rana
Published: March 2019

This study explores the relationship between daylight exposure in urban residential units and the mood/happiness of nonworking female residents (housewives) in Isfahan, Iran. A growing body of evidence points to the physiological and psychological benefits of daylight, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between residential daylight and women's mental health. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using two‐stage random cluster sampling of nonworking female occupants of buildings in four residential districts. Mood/happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. A significant relationship was found between residents’ happiness and the amount of daylight in their residential units (Oxford Inventory, r = 0.68, P < 0.05; Fordyce Inventory, r = 0.53, P < 0.05). The findings suggest that features of physical residential environments, such as daylight, may be linked to the happiness of housewives. Persons belonging to various demographic groups who spend the majority of their time indoors (e.g., housewives, children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities) are most dependent on architecture and environmental design for their well‐being, and therefore, are most affected by design decisions.
The evolution of environmental forensics: From laboratory to field analysis
Authors: Spikmans Val
Published: March 2019

Environmental forensics aims to provide investigations into pollution incidents to establish the source of the pollution and any environmental or human health impacts. Casework is strongly reliant on field investigations and subsequent laboratory‐based analysis for confirmation of pollutants present. Current advances in field‐portable instrumentation are shaping the environmental forensics discipline and provide an evolutionary change in the operational capabilities of environmental investigators. The implementation of field‐portable equipment into the environmental investigative framework provides great advances and opportunities, but also needs to be performed with caution to ensure reliable results. Combining the use of field‐portable instrumentation with small mobile forensic laboratories provides for a rapid and flexible emergency response capability that can also be applied to non‐emergency scenarios to aid pollution mapping and tracking, including source determination. The field‐portable equipment can be used in the controlled environment of the mobile laboratory, but can also be used in‐situ where required. Although field‐portable equipment is not likely to replace laboratory‐based analysis methods in the near future, it does provide important intelligence to the field investigator, resulting in a more targeted and detailed investigation of the scene. This allows for a more focussed laboratory‐based investigation and will result in more rapid and appropriate investigations into environmental incidents. Ultimately, this will ensure a better protection of the environment and human health.

This article is categorized under:

Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence < Forensic Food and Environment Analysis
Self-interacting dark matter with a vector mediator: kinetic mixing with the $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\left(B-L\right)}_3} $$ gauge boson
Authors: Kamada Ayuki , Yamada Masaki , Yanagida Tsutomu T.
Published: March 2019

Abstract

A spontaneously broken hidden U(1)
h
gauge symmetry can explain both the dark matter stability and the observed relic abundance. In this framework, the light gauge boson can mediate the strong dark matter self-interaction, which addresses astrophysical observations that are hard to explain in collisionless cold dark matter. Motivated by flavoured grand unified theories, we introduce right-handed neutrinos and a flavoured B − L gauge symmetry for the third family

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\left(B-L\right)}_3} $$

U

1

B
−
L

3

. The unwanted relic of the U(1)
h
gauge boson decays into neutrinos via the kinetic mixing with the

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\left(B-L\right)}_3} $$

U

1

B
−
L

3

gauge boson. Indirect detection bounds on dark matter are systematically weakened, since dark matter annihilation results in neutrinos. However, the kinetic mixing between

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\left(B-L\right)}_3} $$

U

1

B
−
L

3

and U(1)
Y
gauge bosons are induced by quantum corrections and leads to an observable signal in direct and indirect detection experiments of dark matter. This model can also explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via the thermal leptogenesis. In addition, we discuss the possibility of explaining the lepton flavour universality violation in semi-leptonic B meson decays that is recently found in the LHCb experiment.
Bounds on slow roll at the boundary of the landscape
Authors: Garg Sumit K. , Krishnan Chethan , Zaz M. Zaid
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We present strong evidence that the tree level slow roll bounds of arXiv:1807.05193 and arXiv:1810.05506 are valid, even when the tachyon has overlap with the volume of the cycle wrapped by the orientifold. This extends our previous results in the volume-dilaton subspace to a semi-universal modulus. Emboldened by this and other observations, we investigate what it means to have a bound on (generalized) slow roll in a multi-field landscape. We argue that for any point ϕ
0 in an N-dimensional field space with V (ϕ0) > 0, there exists a path of monotonically decreasing potential energy to a point ϕ
1 within a path length ≲

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(1), such that

$$ \sqrt{N} \ln \frac{V\left({\phi}_1\right)}{V\left({\phi}_0\right)}\lesssim -\mathcal{O}(1) $$

N

ln

V

ϕ
1

V

ϕ
0

≲
−
O

1

. The previous de Sitter swampland bounds are specific ways to realize this stringent non-local constraint on field space, but we show that it also incorporates (for example) the scenario where both slow roll parameters are intermediate-valued and the Universe undergoes a small number of e-folds, as in the Type IIA set up of arXiv:1310.8300. Our observations are in the context of tree level constructions, so we take the conservative viewpoint that it is a characterization of the classical “boundary” of the string landscape. To emphasize this, we argue that these bounds can be viewed as a type of Dine-Seiberg statement.
The role of age on tau PET uptake and gray matter atrophy in atypical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Martin Peter , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Weigand Stephen D. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Drubach Daniel A. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Josephs Keith A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Little is known about the role of age on neurodegeneration and protein deposition in atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Regional tau and β‐amyloid positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratios and gray matter volumes were calculated in a cohort of 42 participants with atypical AD. The relationship between regional metrics and age was modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical linear model.

Results

Age was strongly associated with tau uptake across all cortical regions, particularly parietal, with greater uptake in younger participants. Younger age was associated with smaller parietal and lateral temporal volumes. Regional β‐amyloid differed little by age. Age showed a stronger association with tau than volume and β‐amyloid in all cortical regions. Age was not associated with cognitive performance.

Discussion

Age is an important determinant of severity of cortical tau uptake in atypical AD, with young participants more likely to show widespread and severe cortical tau uptake.
COMPONENTS AND MINIMAL NORMAL SUBGROUPS OF FINITE AND PSEUDOFINITE GROUPS
Authors: WILSON JOHN S.
Published: March 2019

It is proved that there is a formula$\pi \left( {h,x} \right)$in the first-order language of group theory such that each component and each non-abelian minimal normal subgroup of a finite groupGis definable by$\pi \left( {h,x} \right)$for a suitable elementhofG; in other words, each such subgroup has the form$\left\{ {x|x\pi \left( {h,x} \right)} \right\}$for someh. A number of consequences for infinite models of the theory of finite groups are described.
Spectroscopic follow-up of the quadruply lensed quasar WGD2038-4008/GRAL2038-4008
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsiu
Published: March 2019

We present independent optical spectroscopic follow-up of WGD2038-4008/GRAL2038-4008, a background quasar strongly lensed by a foreground elliptical galaxy into four images, recently discovered independently by Agnello et al. [2018, MNRAS, 479, 4345] and Krone-Martins et al. [2018, A&A, 616, L11] thanks to the exquisite spatial resolution of Gaia. The quasar images are bright (i ∼ 19 mag), thus enabling us to reach S/N > 20 for the continuum within 30 min of exposure time with the Andalucia Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera spectrograph mounted on the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope. The flexible scheduling and high sensitivity delivered by Andalucia Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera provide timely redshifts and reveal the nature of the quasar images; both are essential for lensing modelling and cosmography. Our analysis shows a strong emission feature in a data gap in Agnello et al. [2018, MNRAS, 479, 4345], which can be attributed to as an interloper emission line feature from the foreground lensing galaxy, or hinting to a higher redshift of the background quasar. We discuss these two scenarios and outline possible tests to verify these scenarios.
American Catholics and “The Use and Abuse of Reading,” 1865–1873
Authors: Bartram Erin
Published: March 2019

In the wake of the Civil War, Father Isaac Hecker launched several publishing ventures to advance his dream of a Catholic America, but he and his partners soon found themselves embroiled in a debate with other American Catholics, notably his friend and fellow convert Orestes Brownson, over the “use and abuse of reading.” Although the debate was certainly part of a contemporary conversation about the compatibility of Catholicism and American culture, this essay argues that it was equally rooted in a moment of American anxiety over a shifting social order, a moment when antebellum faith in the individual was being tested by the rights claims of women and Americans of color. Tacitly accepting and internalizing historical claims of intrinsic and through-going Catholic “difference,” claims offered both by American Protestants and American Catholics like Brownson, scholars often presume that debates within American Catholicism reflect “Catholic” concerns first and foremost, qualifying their utility as sources of “American” cultural history. By examining American Catholic discussions of reading, individual liberty, social order, and gender in the 1860s and 1870s, this essay argues that Brownson's arguments against the compatibility of American and Catholic life were in fact far more representative of ascendant ideas in American culture than Hecker's hopeful visions of a Catholic American future made manifest through the power of reading. In doing so, it demonstrates the ways that American Catholicism can be a valuable and complex site for studying the broader history of religion and culture in the United States.
“Development of Body, Mind, and Soul:” Paramahansa Yogananda's Marketing of Yoga-Based Religion
Authors: Neumann Dave J.
Published: March 2019

As founder of a religious movement emphasizing soteriological goals, Paramahansa Yogananda is at odds with the prevailing scholarly portrayal of yoga as a modern, syncretic bodily practice focused on mindfulness and physical well-being that, even when employing language of transcendence, magic, or the supernatural, typically has this-worldly perfection in mind. Yogananda, thus, offers an important counterpoint to the dominant historiography of yoga. Whereas more recent “global gurus” often remained in India and recruited among diaspora Indians, Yogananda was the first Indian to establish a thriving yoga-based Hinduism among white converts in the United States. He worked to make his message compelling in the often-hostile milieu of a dominant Christian culture. In this article, I consider Southern California's identity as a “spiritual frontier” that offered a uniquely conducive space to launch a Hindu religious movement in a virulently xenophobic era. I explore Yogananda's vision of the “science of religion,” language that reflected not a materialist reduction of yoga to somatic goals, but a precise, systematic meditation method designed to achieve God-contact. Yogananda offered various products in an effort to build brand loyalty for his yoga-based religion. Although he strategically promoted the very real health and energy benefits of his instruction, the heart of his commercial and spiritual enterprise was a yoga correspondence course that promised to train disciples in a devotional relationship with a God he often depicted as a personal Being. I conclude by examining Yogananda's role as the authoritative divine guru who mediated his religious products to devotees and remained present after his death to guide them toward ultimate bliss.
ON THE REGULARITY OF CHARACTER DEGREE GRAPHS
Authors: SAYANJALI Z. , AKHLAGHI Z. , KHOSRAVI B.
Published: March 2019

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\text{Irr}(G)$ be the set of all irreducible complex characters of $G$. Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(G)$ be the set of all prime divisors of character degrees of $G$. The character degree graph $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}(G)$ associated to $G$ is a graph whose vertex set is $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(G)$, and there is an edge between two distinct primes $p$ and $q$ if and only if $pq$ divides $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}(1)$ for some $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}\in \text{Irr}(G)$. We prove that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}(G)$ is $k$-regular for some natural number $k$ if and only if $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}}(G)$ is a regular bipartite graph.
Collaborative Approaches to Team-Based Primary Health Care for Individuals with Dementia in Rural/Remote Settings
Authors: Chow Amanda Froehlich , Morgan Debra , Bayly Melanie , Kosteniuk Julie , Elliot Valerie
Published: March 2019

L’application d’approches d’équipes en soins de santé de première ligne (SPL) pour le diagnostic et le traitement de la démence est considérée comme une pratique exemplaire. Malheureusement, il arrive fréquemment que les personnes vivant dans les régions rurales et éloignées aient peu d’accès à des services de SPL spécialisés pour la démence. Le but de cet examen de la portée était d’identifier et de comprendre les approches d’équipes en SPL pour les soins en milieu rural visant les cas de démence. La stratégie de recherche utilisée a uniquement inclus des articles de revues à comité de lecture publiés entre 1997 et 2017. Quatre bases de données (Embase, Medline PsycInfo et CINAHL) ont été consultées de mars 2017 à mai 2017. Les dix études retenues montraient des degrés de collaboration et des interactions variables dans les équipes de soins. Peu d’informations étaient rapportées sur les stratégies de collaboration de ces équipes. Une adaptation du modèle socioécologique a été utilisée pour catégoriser les facteurs clés influençant les approches collaboratives. Ces résultats rassemblés pourraient être utilisés pour guider la recherche future et l’élaboration d’un modèle de soins de santé de première ligne pour la démence dans les milieux ruraux.
The Dubious Quality of Legal Dictionaries
Authors: de Groot Gerard-René , van Laer Conrad J.P.
Published: March 2019

As a consequence of the still increasing transnational commercial and scholarly cooperation and exchange, more and more often legal information has to be translated. Sometimes the content of legal documents (contracts, statutory provisions, books and articles on legal topics and so on) has to be translated into another language. But even more frequently, information on rules from one legal system has to be provided in the legal language of another legal system. In both cases the translator or the lawyer involved is confronted with difficulties of legal translation. In both cases bilingual legal dictionaries could play an important role in the translating process by providing translation suggestions and information on the linguistic context of terms in the target language, such as specific noun-verb combinations, or typical collocations.
When a Rose isn't “Arose” isn't Arroz: A Guide to Footnoting for Informational Clarity and Scholarly Discourse
Authors: Mock William B.T.
Published: March 2019

Not every proposition in a law review article requires citation, nor does every footnote require cited authority. Indeed, only a few of the several possible types of footnotes require the author to cite to authority. Unfortunately, many student editors and research assistants do not understand the distinctions among types of footnotes and expect each to look the same – a reference to some other author's research or thoughts on the subject mentioned in the text. I have therefore written this article explaining the different types of footnotes and how to prepare them.
IALL Professional Development Scholarship Report
Authors: Kaur Harvinder
Published: March 2019

I am one of the three privileged persons awarded a 2005 IALL scholarship to attend the Association's annual conference. The grant of US $1,500 assisted me in many aspects, which are highlighted in this report.
The “Norme in Rete” project: Standards and Tools for Italian Legislation
Authors: Francesconi Enrico
Published: March 2019

The “Norme in Rete” (NIR) project aims at establishing standards for Italian legislation and tools to promote their adoption. In this paper an overview of these standards, including their latest version features, as well as a description of the tools developed by ITTIG-CNR for their implementation are presented.
Open Access in Italy: Achievements and Future Prospects
Authors: Gargiulo Paola
Published: March 2019

The Open Access (OA) movement in Italy enjoys the active participation of single universities, research centres and supercomputing consortia. An overview of OA initiatives in Italy is followed by a more detailed presentation of PLEIADI-Portal for Italian Electronic Scholarly Literature in Institutional Archives, the Italian national platform to provide central access to digital content deposited in Italian Open Archives (http://www.openarchives.it/pleiadi). The presentation will conclude with some considerations of the future prospects of OA in Italy.
The Continued Resonance and Challenge of the “Ius Commune” in Modern European Contract Law
Authors: Doris Martin J.
Published: March 2019

The need for a more consistent and coherent European contract law is a current priority of the EC institutions. Despite decades of pointillistic legal harmonization, cross border transactions within the Internal market of the European Union continue to take place in the shadow of divergent procedural and substantive law rules, differing legal cultures and significant linguistic diversities. Whilst national contract law systems function more or less efficiently internally, it is their partial non-compatibility with other Member States’ private laws that provokes isolated distortions on the market. As a consequence, the European Commission has presented its ‘Common Frame of Reference’ research strategy aimed at fostering common contract law principles, model rules and uniform legal terminology, which, it is believed, will better facilitate commercial actors. The European Parliament has moved a step further by lending institutional credibility to the case for a European civil code. However, this clamour for codification of private laws – an idea premised on two formalisms, legal and economic – has in many respects overlooked the mechanics of modern commercial contracting in particular, the importance of contract drafting and the complex negotiations that lead to deals both domestically and cross border. This paper therefore provides an alternative assessment of the development of a Europeanius commune,or ‘common law’ of contract, and considers the urgency of improved means of legal information exchange in order to better facilitate the ongoing harmonization effort.
A Copyright Balance? An Overview for Librarians of Current UK Copyright Law.
Authors: Gee David
Published: March 2019

This article aims at providing librarians with an overview of the current copyright position within the UK. I will begin by examining the copyright regime set up by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988. I will then assess the impact of several key EU Directives and implementing UK Statutory Instruments on the working of this regime, and in particular discuss the implications of the new rights for owners of digital material. Finally, I will analyze some current UK copyright “hot topics” which are of equal concern and significance to users in other jurisdictions, and suggest some possible solutions.
English as a Second Language for Americans?
Authors: Conner Alison W.
Published: March 2019

Most travelers eventually realize that they are the foreigners, and for me language was an early clue. From the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s, I spent eleven years teaching in Singapore and Hong Kong, where—despite the broad reach of American popular culture—some form of British English ruled. In Singapore, it is true, many people spoke “Singlish,” full of local words and expressions such as kopi tiam (coffee shop), kampong (village), “can or not” (yes or no), lah (untranslatable word of emphasis) or kiasu (the fear of missing out). But terms like these were rarely the source of my language problems.
A Bibliographic Guide to the Criminal Law Literature of the People's Rebublic of China: 1949–2000
Authors: Jianxiong Zhai
Published: March 2019

Mr. Zhai presents a bibliographic guide listing the major sources of criminal law literature of the People's Republic of China published during 1949–2000. The fifty year span is divided into three phases, each containing a selective bibliography on criminal law representative of academic scholarship of the corresponding period.
Introduction to the India Legal Information Institute
Authors: Singh Talwant
Published: March 2019

Ordinary citizens, litigants, students of law and lawyers in a civil society have a right to know about the prevailing law of that country. The traditional way of disseminating legal information – on paper – has given way to the electronic format in most of the developed countries. Gradually, this change is also beginning in the developing countries. In India, no one has a copyright to the text of judgments delivered by the courts; however, in the headnotes of judgments, copyright issues are involved. The bigger Internet players have started fee-based legal websites where one can become a member and/or registered user by paying periodical subscriptions. These can run into thousand of rupees every year. Only after paying the access fees can the visitor gain access to the complete headnote or the plain text of the judgment.
Intellectual Property Law – Transfer of Technology
Authors: Tulzapurkar Veerendra
Published: March 2019

The law of patent, trademark law, copyright law and the law relating to industrial designs are the statutory enactments forming part of intellectual property law which have a bearing on the transfer of technology. There is one more branch of intellectual property law which also has a bearing on the transfer of technology and that is the law relating to confidential information or law relating to confidentiality. This law is not a written law; it is judge made law, in the sense that it is developed through cases.
The Danish Copyright System and Copying Within Libraries
Authors: Dilley Annette , Dyekjær Thomas
Published: March 2019

This article gives a brief introduction to the Danish copyright system and focuses in particular on copying within libraries and copying for the purpose of interlibrary loans.
Electronic Government: New Legislation on E-Government in Iceland
Authors: Stefánsson Kristján Andri , Thórarinsson Gunnar Thór
Published: March 2019

Government Policy on Matters of the Information Society

While information technology has for a long time been utilized in public administration in Iceland, co-ordination and policy formulation only started in the mid-nineties. In 1996, the government made arrangements for a comprehensive policy formulation in this field, when the government formulated a specific policy on matters of the information society and established a provisional developmental project for this purpose under the direction of a special working group under the auspices of the Prime Minister's Office. While the project was to be completed within five years, from 1998 to 2002, it was decided at the beginning of this year to extend it to the end of the year 2003 while an appraisal of its implementation was carried out. Among the goals set in the governmental policy was that legislation, rules and the working methods of the public administration should be reviewed with a view to information technology, for the purpose of stimulating technological progress, and to make information accessible to the public irrespective of residence or economic resources. Furthermore, a special emphasis was put on the utilization of information technology in the dissemination of public information, and that all information systems used by government agencies should be structured so that they would provide information on laws, regulations, rights and obligations, and such matters, via a computer network, and also enable the public to go about their business, monitor the progress of important matters, and be provided with all such services which can be provided in this manner.
A Comparison of Four Premier Academic Law Libraries in the United States and the United Kingdom: The Findings of a Valuable International Placement
Authors: Gee David
Published: March 2019

Every night for ten nights last May, I returned to room 128 in the Westside YMCA (West 63rd Street, New York City — just off Central Park) armed with more behind the scenes insights, professional secrets and first hand accounts of US law library operation and management than one slim A5 notebook could hope to hold. I was fortunate to be in the United States on a two-week placement at Columbia University, visiting some of America's great law libraries — the law school libraries of Columbia itself, New York University and Yale University. Each morning after an orange juice, toasted cream cheese bagel and cappuccino, I would head out with the commuters to join the subway at Columbus Circle — uptown for Columbia or downtown for NYU. Every evening I would admire the energy of the mostly silver-haired athletes in brightly colored lycra returning to the Westside “Y” after numerous circuits of the Jackie “O” reservoir on the upper east side of Central Park. The park is 843 acres of creative space bound by impressive hotels, apartment blocks and the streets of Harlem. In May it is in perpetual motion from dawn to dusk with joggers, roller-bladers and cyclists weaving their way around the trees, fountains and numerous statues. Indeed it appears to be a huge magic garden, complete with beautiful street lamps that seem to come from C.S. Lewis's Narnia — another world, like the City itself, at once familiar and fascinatingly different.