bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization for uniaxial tensile properties of high‐performance TX30 polyesters
Authors: Chen Longlong , Gao Chengjun , Chen Wujun
Published: August 2024

Coated fabric is a composite textile consisting of fiber‐based cloth and surface coating. It features advantages such as lightweight, high strength, and multifunctionality, making it highly popular in architectural membrane structures. However, conventional coated fabrics have been facing bottlenecks such as short service life, difficult maintenance, and low dimensional stability. This paper introduces an innovative high‐performance PVC coated polyester named Flexlight Xtrem TX30, which possesses excellent longevity and durable aesthetics. The uniaxial tensile properties of three types of TX30 polyesters in the warp, weft, and 45° directions were comprehensively revealed through monotonic and cyclic tests. First, mono‐uniaxial tensile tests were performed on six specimens for each case. The failure characteristics were observed and strength at different angles was determined. Benefiting from the precontraint technology, the difference in strength between the warp and weft directions for TX30 is less than 5%. Second, uniaxial cyclic tensile tests were conducted on four specimens for each case. The initial tensile behavior exhibited the highest nonlinearity, with an R‐squared value greater than 0.999 for the cubic stress–strain relation. By the 15th cycle, the stiffness increment for all cases is less than 1%, indicating the attainment of material stabilization. Additionally, ratcheting effect and hysteresis loops were observed during the tests. The ratcheting strain and dissipated energy across different cases were thoroughly discussed and compared. In general, the experimental investigations in this study facilitate the understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the novel TX30 polyesters, providing insights for engineering applications and academic research.

Highlights

The uniaxial tensile properties of innovative TX30 polyesters were investigated.

The failure mechanism and tensile strength at different angles were identified.

The nonlinear stress–strain relations and cyclic material behaviors were determined.
Synthesis, mechanical, thermal, and fire properties of poly(vinyl chloride) modified with a new flame retardant based on zeolite and urea cyanurate
Authors: Khaleghi Mahroo , Eslami Iliya
Published: August 2024

In the article, polyvinyl chloride/zeolite 4A/urea cyanurate composites (P/UCA‐Zlt) were designed and prepared by a melt intercalation method suitable for the manufacture of rigid products. To determine the structure and properties of this flame‐retardant system, thermal, flame retardancy, and mechanical behavior were tested by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), thermal stability test, cone calorimetric test (CCT), and tensile analysis. Results showed that the composites, based on UCA‐Zlt, exhibited better flame retardancy, better HCl scavenger properties, improved mechanical properties, and reduced level of degradation compared with the pure polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at the optimum modification UCA (3 wt%)–Zlt (1%). TGA, indicated that the stability against heat influences of PVC was increased by adding UCA–Zlt which was evident by the increased thermal decomposition temperature. The CCT results of the PVC composites increased flame‐retardant properties. The PVC matrix composites improved the thermal stability time of PVC as the optimum value of 1 wt%. Moreover, the tensile strength of the composite containing UCA (3 wt%)–Zlt (1%) increased by 19.8% compared with those of neat PVC.

Highlights

A strategy to design an FR‐additive from zeolite and urea cyanurate for PVC.

Introduce a guide suitable for the thermal stability of PVC formulation.

Effects of zeolite on thermal stability and flame retardancy of PVC.

Introducing an optimal FR‐PVC system with improved mechanical properties.
Did we achieve what we aimed for? Assessing the outcomes of a human–carnivore conflict mitigation and coexistence project in Europe
Authors: Grossmann Carol M. , Patkó László
Published: August 2024

Monitoring and evaluation practices, demanded by nature conservation project donors, often focus on practical outputs, leaving the assessment of intended short and medium‐term outcomes and long‐term impacts challenging. This study employs a merger of the conflict intervention triangle model (CITM) and its three dimensions relationship, substance, and process, together with the logical framework approach (LFA) within the context of a human–wildlife conflict and coexistence (HWCC) project (LIFE EuroLargeCarnivores) in order to assess project correlated outcomes on stakeholder level over time.

Two stakeholder surveys were conducted across 14 project partner countries, capturing baseline perceptions in 2018 and assessing changes in 2021. To assess the actual influence of the project with its focus on conflict mitigation, we applied an ex post counterfactual analysis. Results indicate positive developments in all dimensions of the CITM. The influence of the project is demonstrated by statistically significant differences in response behavior between participants and non‐participants of project interventions. The overall outcome regarding beliefs in satisfactory future management of increasing large carnivore populations, is more intricate. Significant differences are observed among three selected main stakeholder categories over the project's timeframe. While nature conservationists maintain high confidence levels, confidence of hunters and livestock raisers declined. However, results for participants of project interventions depict a significantly lower decline in confidence compared to non‐participants. Based on our findings, we provide insights how to efficiently evaluate outcomes of HWCC projects, offering recommendations for wildlife conservation practitioners. We conclude that HWCC projects are important also and especially in times of unfavorable frame conditions. Rigorous evaluation methods are essential to ensure efficient use of resources in order to maximize the outcomes of HWCC projects. The study highlights the need for long‐term evaluation to assess broader impacts at country, regional, and sector levels.
Flavor hierarchies from SU(2) flavor and quark-lepton unification
Authors: Greljo Admir , Thomsen Anders Eller , Tiblom Hector
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In our recent attempt to explain flavor hierarchies [1], a gauged SU(2) flavor symmetry acting on left-handed fermions provides a ground to introduce three independent rank-one contributions to the Yukawa matrices: a renormalizable one for the third family, a mass-suppressed one for the second family, and an additional loop-suppressed factor for the first family. Here, we demonstrate how minimal quark-lepton unification à la Pati-Salam, relating down-quarks to charged leptons, can significantly improve this mechanism. We construct and thoroughly analyze a renormalizable model, performing a comprehensive one-loop matching calculation that reveals how all flavor hierarchies emerge from a single ratio of two scales. The first signatures may appear in the upcoming charged lepton flavor violation experiments.
The history and future of IPCC special reports: A dual role of politicisation and normalisation
Authors: Asayama Shinichiro
Published: August 2024

The special reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have a unique character in IPCC scientific assessment. Their main purpose is to address specific timely issues of policy relevance. This article explores the nature and role of IPCC special reports along the lines of three questions: (1) the history (‘where they come from’); (2) the function (‘what they are doing’); and (3) the future (‘where they are going’). In earlier assessment cycles, special reports were characterised mostly as a direct channel for quickly responding to the request from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The conduct of special reports has been gradually institutionalised to embed its planning in the overall scoping of the entire assessment cycle. More recently, they have become a vehicle to consolidate cross-cutting scientific perspectives and serve the diverse needs of the international policy community, not only the UNFCCC. This historical evolution is, in a sense, the result of striving for greater policy relevance. Special reports have a dual political function—namely, turning into the site or object of politicised debates on science (politicisation) and serving as ‘de facto governance’ with the effect of normalising politically contested ideas (normalisation). This dual function is two different faces emerging from the process into which the IPCC is brought to deal with political controversy. The duality of the two functions also manifests inherent tensions that lie behind the IPCC’s ‘policy-relevant but not policy-prescriptive’ principle. For the future of special reports, the IPCC could reconsider the role of special reports in light of the priority over comprehensive assessment reports, the responsiveness to the UNFCCC request and the selection and scope definition of timely topics. However, there will remain a trade-off between provisional science and lasting political impact caused by the future undertaking of IPCC special reports on any topic.
“I’ll just try to mimic that”: an exploration of students’ analogical structure creation in abstract algebra
Authors: Hicks Michael D.
Published: August 2024

Despite the prominence of analogies in mathematics, little attention has been given to exploring students’ processes of analogical reasoning, and even less research exists on revealing how students might be empowered to independently and productively reason by analogy to establish new (to them) mathematics. I argue that the lack of a cohesive framework for interpreting students’ approaches to analogical reasoning in mathematics contributes to this issue. To address this, I introduce the Analogical Reasoning in Mathematics (ARM) framework. Constructed from an analysis of interviews with four abstract algebra students, ARM identifies several analogical activities that serve to analyze students’ analogical reasoning with a finer grain size than was previously possible with existing frameworks. Using this framework, I present an analysis of the students’ constructions of a ring-theoretic analogy to subgroup, thus revealing that even constructing simple analogies can elicit diverse pathways of analogical reasoning across students. Implications for further research related to analogies and analogical reasoning in mathematics education are discussed.
Surveying and collecting Poaceae and Fabaceae crop wild relatives diversity in Lebanon
Authors: Sayde Eliane , Yazbek Mariana , Chalak Lamis , Al-Awar Bashir , Breidi Joelle , Sayde Celine , Dokmak Hiba , Negri Valeria , Raggi Lorenzo
Published: August 2024

Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are wild plants that are genetically related to cultivated crops. Conserving the genetic diversity of CWR is essential for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture and food production in the face of various anthropogenic and environmental pressures. In this study we aim to contribute to the conservation planning of CWR taxa in Lebanon, in particular, to document ecogeographic survey and collection missions, carried out in 2022 and 2023, to assess the presence and conservation status of CWR taxa populations belonging to Poaceae and Fabaceae families and eventually propose sites for in situ conservation based on collected data. Ecogeographic and botanical surveys were carried out using the transect method and targeting priority CWR taxa. Agrobiodiversity trends, based on distribution data available in public databases, were compared with the current occurrence of the priority CWR taxa. Preliminary observations of disturbances (e.g. grazing, urbanization) were also documented to serve as a baseline for future monitoring of agrobiodiversity. Additional survey and collection missions were specifically targeted on wild Triticum populations. Forty-seven sites were surveyed, in which 500 new records for target CWR taxa (Aegilops L., Triticum L., Avena L., Hordeum L., Cicer L., Lens Mill. and Pisum L. genera) were documented. A total of 17 new collections were performed and the material stored in ICARDA genebank. Two sites (Yanta/Kfarqouq and Ham) were recommended for the in situ conservation of wild Triticum as well as two other sites for conservation of wild Lens culinaris Medik. Several concerns were raised, mainly the declining distribution of Triticum boeoticum and Triticum urartu over the last 30 years, as well the absence of Cicer taxa in the two years of surveys. The collection of 500 CWR occurrence data points for the target taxa provides a solid ground for future analyses, including ecogeographic and predictive characterization approaches, to identify the best areas for establishing genetic reserves for active in situ protection of these crucial taxa in Lebanon, which is urgently needed.
Recommendations for the Development of Psychological Smartphone Applications in the Context of Bariatric Surgery: Focus Groups with Professionals and Patients
Authors: Martínez-Borba Verónica , Quilez-Orden Alba , Ferreres-Galán Vanessa , López-Cruz Christian , Osma Jorge , Andreu-Pejó Laura
Published: August 2024

To explore the experiences and preferences of patients and healthcare professionals regarding the development of an app to provide psychological intervention to improve emotion regulation in the context of bariatric surgery (BS). Sixteen people (6 patients who underwent BS and 10 professionals) participated in two separate focus group sessions. We performed a content analysis of transcribed focus group discussions to extract and organize categories, subcategories and areas. Both sets of stakeholders provided information about how to develop and implement an app. According to participants’ comment, content should include information (i.e., nutrition, exercise) and emotional regulation skills. Patients and professionals mentioned that the app should include visual information, continuous emotional assessments and peer contact. It was also mentioned that the app should be used before and after BS and its contents should be developed by a multidisciplinary team (i.e., collaboration of endocrinologist, nutritionists and psychologists). Participants in both focus groups considered technology to be useful in the context of BS, especially as part of blended interventions (combining face-to-face and online sessions). Patients and professionals seem to be receptive towards the use of technology in a BS context. Specific recommendations are identified for designing and implementing app solutions for BS. More efforts should be made in the future to develop and implement evidence-based apps according to patients and professionals’ needs.
Seismic source analysis and directivity of the November 2021 Fin doublet earthquake in southern Iran: challenges and findings
Authors: Sabouri Elham , Shomali Zaher Hossein , Pakzad Mehrdad
Published: August 2024

Studying the source characteristics of doublet or multiple earthquake sequences presents significant challenges in seismology, especially with short time intervals between events. On November 14, 2021, a doublet earthquake (Mw 6.0 and Mw 6.1) occurred near Fin city, southern Iran, within a span of less than two minutes and 10 km apart. We employed the Kinematic Waveform Inversion (KIWI) procedure to determine the point and extended source parameters of these events, using a multistep inversion approach for stable solutions. Our analysis highlighted the directivity of the earthquakes: the first event exhibited bilateral directivity, causing a rupture area that reached the surface, while the second event showed unilateral westward directivity, supported by waveform amplitude differences observed at various stations. This directivity analysis plays an essential role in seismic hazard studies. Our findings regarding the source parameters of these recent doublet earthquakes in the Fin region align well with regional geological trends and fault patterns. However, retrieving the main fault plane for the second earthquake was challenging due to the complexities of the waveform. Moment tensor decomposition revealed significant non-double-couple components for the second event, indicating the complexity inherent in analyzing doublet events. This study underscores the critical role of precise waveform analysis and robust inversion techniques in understanding complex seismic events.
Methylene blue reduces monoamine oxidase expression and oxidative stress in human cardiovascular adipose tissue
Authors: Aburel Oana-Maria , Brăescu Laurențiu , Buriman Darius G. , Merce Adrian P. , Bînă Anca M. , Borza Claudia , Mornoș Cristian , Sturza Adrian , Muntean Danina M.
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of morbidity mainly due to chronic heart failure. Epicardial (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissues (PVAT) are considered major contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic pathologies. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial enzymes recognized as sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiometabolic pathologies. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the oldest protective agents, yet no data are available about its effects on adipose tissue. The present pilot study was aimed at assessing the effects of MB: (i) on MAO expression and (ii) oxidative stress in EAT and PVAT harvested from patients with heart failure subjected to cardiac surgery (n = 25). Adipose tissue samples were incubated with MB (0.1 µM/24 h) and used for the assessment of MAO gene and protein expression (qPCS and immune fluorescence) and ROS production (confocal microscopy and spectrophotometry). The human cardiovascular adipose tissues contain both MAO isoforms, predominantly MAO-A. Incubation with MB reduced MAOs expression and oxidative stress; co-incubation with serotonin, the MAO-A substrate, further augmented ROS generation, an effect partially reversed by MB. In conclusion, MAO-A is the major isoform expressed in EAT and PVAT and contribute to local oxidative stress; both effects can be mitigated by methylene blue.
Is it ever rational to hold inconsistent beliefs?
Authors: Smith Martin
Published: August 2024

In this paper I investigate whether there are any cases in which it is rational for a person to hold inconsistent beliefs and, if there are, just what implications this might have for the theory of epistemic justification. A number of issues will crop up along the way – including the relation between justification and rationality, the nature of defeat, the possibility of epistemic dilemmas, the importance of positive epistemic duties, and the distinction between transitional and terminal attitudes.
Shared micromobility, perceived accessibility, and social capital
Authors: An Zihao , Mullen Caroline , Guan Xiaodong , Ettema Dick , Heinen Eva
Published: August 2024

While the impacts of shared micromobility (SMM) on the environment and transport systems are being extensively researched, its societal implications and the influence of the social environment on the use of SMM remain largely unexplored. In this research, we investigate the interrelationships between the use of SMM, perceived overall accessibility, and social capital. We focus on two types of SMM – shared bikes and shared e-scooters – in three European countries: the Netherlands, England, and Sweden. We measure perceived overall accessibility through a multicriteria subjective evaluation of individuals’ ability to reach regular destinations, services, and activities. We consider multidimensional social capital measures: social trust, cooperativeness, reciprocity, network bonding, and network bridging. We use multivariate models to investigate the associations between perceived overall accessibility, SMM use, and social capital, and examine the dominant direction of these associations using the direct linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (DirectLiNGAM) and direction dependence analysis (DDA). We find that lower levels of perceived overall accessibility may contribute to lower levels of social trust, reciprocity, and cooperativeness. However, individuals with a lower level of perceived overall accessibility tend to use shared bikes more frequently, which in turn, may increase their social trust and cooperativeness. We also find that increased shared e-scooter use may contribute to increased network bonding, yet the frequency of use has no relation with perceived overall accessibility. Our research suggests that the introduction of shared bikes alone, independent of other measures aimed at encouraging their use, may help mitigate individual differences in social capital. We argue that the applied DirectLiNGAM and DDA help gain deeper insights into the likely causal relationship between transport and social capital in non-intervention studies.
A critical review of biochar versus hydrochar and their application for H2S removal from biogas
Authors: Vuppaladadiyam Arun Krishna , Jena Manoj Kumar , Hakeem Ibrahim Gbolahan , Patel Savankumar , Veluswamy Ganesh , Thulasiraman Adhithiya Venkatachalapati , Surapaneni Aravind , Shah Kalpit
Published: August 2024

Biogas contains significant quantities of undesirable and toxic compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), posing severe concerns when used in energy production-related applications. Therefore, biogas needs to be upgraded by removing H2S to increase their bioenergy application attractiveness and lower negative environmental impacts. Commercially available biogas upgradation processes can be expensive for small and medium-scale biogas production plants, such as wastewater treatment facilities via anaerobic digestion process. In addition, an all-inclusive review detailing a comparison of biochar and hydrochar for H2S removal is currently unavailable. Therefore, the current study aimed to critically and systematically review the application of biochar/hydrochar for H2S removal from biogas. To achieve this, the first part of the review critically discussed the production technologies and properties of biochar vs. hydrochar. In addition, exisiting technologies for H2S removal and adsorption mechanisms, namely physical adsorption, reactive adsorption, and chemisorption, responsible for H2S removal with char materials were discussed. Also, the factors, including feedstock type, activation strategies, reaction temperature, moisture content, and other process parameters that could influence the adsorption behaviour are critically summarised. Finally, synergy and trade-offs between char and biogas production sectors and the techno-economic feasibility of using char for the adsorption of H2S are presented. Biochar’s excellent structural properties coupled with alkaline pH and high metal content, facilitate physisorption and chemisorption as pathways for H2S removal. In the case of hydrochar, H2S removal occurs mainly via chemisorption, which can be attributed to well-preserved surface functional groups. Challenges of using biochar/hydrochar as commercial adsorbents for H2S removal from biogas stream were highlighted and perspectives for future research were provided.

Graphical abstract
Just pluralism: thinking about concepts of mental disorder in global context
Authors: Popa Elena
Published: August 2024

This paper will investigate justice requirements that a pluralist stance on concepts of mental disorder should meet for use on a global scale. This is important given that different concepts of mental disorder are connected to particular interventions which may be more or less successful in specific contexts. While taking a broadly normative view on mental disorders, I will describe relevant concepts in a more fine grained manner, referring to their connections to particular approaches to biology, the self, or community. Drawing on research on epistemic injustice, I highlight the requirement that the set of multiple concepts be sufficiently flexible to enable the participation of those possessing relevant local knowledge. Using insights from health justice, I point out that the set of concepts should be conducive to distributive and procedural justice with regard to mental health and should support interventions on social determinants of health. These requirements apply to two dimensions of pluralism: regarding what concepts to include and how to relate them to one another. I conclude by explaining how an ontology of partial overlaps connected to a concept of health as metaphysically social can help address the challenges arising particularly regarding the latter dimension.
Venetoclax treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic leukemia in Japan: post-marketing surveillance
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Kamimura Tomohiko , Kiguchi Toru , Kato Koji , Takenaka Risa , Kobayashi Mariko , Ito Ayumi , Sakai Mizu , Izutsu Koji
Published: August 2024

Venetoclax was approved for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL) and small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) in Japan in September 2019; however, clinical data in Japanese patients are limited. This all-case post-marketing surveillance assessed efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with R/R CLL/SLL who started venetoclax treatment between November 2019 and August 2020. Overall, the safety and efficacy analysis sets included 129 and 114 patients, respectively. The overall response rate (ORR) was 57.0%; ORRs were higher in patients with versus without concomitant rituximab (65.4% vs. 54.7%), and in patients with 1 versus ≥ 2 prior lines of therapies (72.5% vs. 44.4%). Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 66.7% of patients (86/129); the most common AEs were neutrophil count decreased (22.5%), white blood cell count decreased (7.8%), and tumor lysis syndrome (TLS; 6.2%). AEs of special interest (TLS, myelosuppression, and infection) were manageable in clinical practice in Japan. Venetoclax is efficacious and safe for R/R CLL/SLL patients in the real-world setting in Japan. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04198415.
Diagnostic methodology for vehicles equipped with antilock braking system and electronic stability control
Authors: Betancur J. Alejandro , Castillo Andrés , Ramos Edwin , Vargas Héctor , Ochoa Javier , Sanchez Carlos
Published: August 2024

Currently, several automotive companies are joining forces through the analysis and development of active safety systems for hazard avoidance and mitigation; from which according to the current regulations in the European Union the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) outstand as mandatory for each new vehicle. The above has motivated the study of these two safety systems. Then, this research examines the ABS and ESC systems through a proposed diagnostic methodology, which identifies the main effect of these systems on the vehicle dynamics. To achieve this goal a software was developed, looking for processing the data acquired during the development of some specific vehicle maneuvers. The diagnostic results expose: (1) an indicator about the ABS/ESC systems performance; and (2) the impact of these systems on the vehicle dynamics; also, some of the results here obtained can also be taken as reference for the Brake Assistant System and the Anti-Roll Control analysis.
Low-frequency unsteadiness mechanisms of unstart flow in an inlet with rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition under off-design condition at a Mach number of 4
Authors: Zhong Jiaxiang , Qu Feng , Sun Di , Liu Qingsong , Wang Qing , Bai Junqiang
Published: August 2024

The unsteady mechanism of unstart flow for an inlet with rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition (REST) under the off-design condition at a Mach of 4 is investigated using the delay detached eddy simulation method. With the help of numerical simulations, the unsteady dynamics, especially the low-frequency characteristics of the REST inlet unstart flow, as well as the self-sustaining mechanism, is investigated. The instantaneous flow illustrates the unsteady phenomena of the REST unstart flow, including the interaction between the cowl-closure leading edge (CLE) shock and the shear layer, breathing of the separation bubble, flapping of the separation shock, instability of the shear layer and vortex shedding along the shear layer. The spectral analysis reveals that the lower frequency dynamics is associated with the breathing of the separation bubble and the flapping motion of the separation shock wave, while the higher frequency is related to the instability of the shear layer affected by cowl-closure leading edge shock and the formation of shedding vortices. Further, coherence analysis shows that the contribution of these flow structures dominating the low-frequency dynamics couple with each other. Based on the dynamic mode decomposition results, the characteristics that contribute to the unsteady behaviour of unstart flow are summarized. The streamwise vortices downstream of the separation and the shedding vortices are believed to be the main driving force of the global low-frequency unsteadiness of the REST inlet unstart flow under the off-design condition. Moreover, the CLE shock plays an important role in the process during the dominant flow structure conversion from the backflow within the separation bubble into elongated streamwise structures.
Linear stability of stratified, rotating, viscous plane Couette–Poiseuille flow
Authors: Oxley William , Kerswell Rich R.
Published: August 2024

The linear stability of plane Couette–Poiseuille flow (CPF) is studied with the physical effects of stratification, rotation and viscosity all included for the first time together. With no stratification, two instability mechanisms are present due to the shear and rotation which, for the most part, do not interact as they favour different forms of two-dimensionality. However, there are some small parts of parameter space where new three-dimensional instability appears indicating that Rayleigh's criterion is also violated in parameter space beyond where shear instability is expected. No fully localised centrifugal instabilities can be found for CPF, but they are shown to exist if the base flow shear has a maximum in the domain (the base flow needs to be at least cubic in the cross-stream variable rather than just quadratic as in CPF). With stable stratification present, new instabilities are found due to the combined effects of stratification and rotation, but only some appear to be of the resonance-type associated with the strato-rotational instability. The other unstable branches are more accurately interpreted as a stratification-modified centrifugal instability. Three-dimensional versions of this violate Rayleigh's criterion even when this is extended to include stratification. When stratification is stronger than rotation, the resonance-type instabilities are only dominant for cyclonic flows.
Exact coherent structures in two-dimensional turbulence identified with convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Page Jacob , Holey Joe , Brenner Michael P. , Kerswell Rich R.
Published: August 2024

Convolutional autoencoders are used to deconstruct the changing dynamics of two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow as

$Re$

is increased from weakly chaotic flow at

$Re=40$

to a chaotic state dominated by a domain-filling vortex pair at

$Re=400$

. ‘Latent Fourier analysis’ (Page et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids6, 2021, p. 034402) reveals a detached class of bursting dynamics at

$Re=40$

which merge with the low-dissipation dynamics as

$Re$

is increased to

$100$

and provides an efficient representation within which to find unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) using recurrent flow analysis. Focusing on initial guesses with energy in higher latent Fourier wavenumbers allows a significant number of high-dissipation-rate UPOs associated with the bursting events to be found for the first time. At

$Re=400$

, the UPOs discovered at lower

$Re$

move away from the attractor, and an entirely different embedding structure is formed within the network devoid of small-scale vortices. Here latent Fourier projections identify an associated ‘large-scale’ UPO which we believe to be a finite-

$Re$

continuation of a solution to the Euler equations.
High‐Resolution Ice‐Core Analyses Identify the Eldgjá Eruption and a Cluster of Icelandic and Trans‐Continental Tephras Between 936 and 943 CE
Authors: Hutchison William , Gabriel Imogen , Plunkett Gill , Burke Andrea , Sugden Patrick , Innes Helen , Davies Siwan , Moreland William M. , Krüger Kirstin , Wilson Rob , Vinther Bo M. , Dahl‐Jensen Dorthe , Freitag Johannes , Oppenheimer Clive , Chellman Nathan J. , Sigl Michael , McConnell Joseph R.
Published: August 2024

The Eldgjá eruption is the largest basalt lava flood of the Common Era. It has been linked to a major ice‐core sulfur (S) spike in 939–940 CE and Northern Hemisphere summer cooling in 940 CE. Despite its magnitude and potential climate impacts, uncertainties remain concerning the eruption timeline, atmospheric dispersal of emitted volatiles, and coincident volcanism in Iceland and elsewhere. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of Greenland ice‐cores from 936 to 943 CE, revealing a complex volatile record and cryptotephra with numerous geochemical populations. Transitional alkali basalt tephra matching Eldgjá are found in 939–940 CE, while tholeiitic basalt shards present in 936/937 CE and 940/941 CE are compatible with contemporaneous Icelandic eruptions from Grímsvötn and Bárðarbunga‐Veiðivötn systems (including V‐Sv tephra). We also find four silicic tephra populations, one of which we link to the Jala Pumice of Ceboruco (Mexico) at 941 ± 1 CE. Triple S isotopes, Δ33S, spanning 936–940 CE are indicative of upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric transport of aerosol sourced from the Icelandic fissure eruptions. However, anomalous Δ33S (down to −0.4‰) in 940–941 CE evidence stratospheric aerosol transport consistent with summer surface cooling revealed by tree‐ring reconstructions. Tephra associated with the anomalous Δ33S have a variety of compositions, complicating the attribution of climate cooling to Eldgjá alone. Nevertheless, our study confirms a major S emission from Eldgjá in 939–940 CE and implicates Eldgjá and a cluster of eruptions as triggers of summer cooling, severe winters, and privations in ∼940 CE.
First High‐Resolution Vertical Profiles of Methane in the Troposphere Over India
Authors: Tiwari Yogesh K. , Gupta Smrati , Fernandez Rafael P. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Li Qinyi , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Mahajan Anoop S.
Published: August 2024

Methane (CH4) is the second most abundant greenhouse gas and affects the Earth's radiative balance. In some regions, the methane burden and budget are still not well understood due to the lack of in situ observations, especially vertical profile observations. Here, we present the first high‐resolution aircraft‐based tropospheric vertical profiles of CH4 across the Indian subcontinent. Observations show significant variability, with the largest variability seen in the Indo‐Gangetic Plain (IGP) during post‐monsoon (September). The IGP also shows the highest concentrations and a peak in the boundary layer. By contrast, observations over western India show lower variability, especially during the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) (July). During ASM, when CH4 emissions peak, the vertical updraft of CH4 and other tracers is observed, leading to a peak between 4 and 5 km. During winter, the peak occurs in the boundary layer, and a decrease with altitude is observed. Model simulations slightly overestimate CH4 at the surface during some seasons but underestimate it at higher altitudes during all seasons. Integrated over the observed column, model simulations slightly underpredict CH4 (0.5%–3.1%) during all seasons. Calculations made using the observed CO/CH4 enhancement ratios show that in addition to anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions, other sources, such as rice cultivation and wetlands, need to be considered to reproduce the observed CH4 concentrations.
The control rate of hypertension across months of year and hours of day in a large real-world database
Authors: Yan Qinghua , Cheng Minna , Xu Wenli , Cheng Yibang , Wu Fei , Wang Yuheng , Yang Qinping , Shi Yan , Wang Jiguang
Published: August 2024

We investigated the control rate of hypertension across months of year and hours of day in a real-world database. The study participants were hypertensive patients from 142 community health centers across 16 districts in Shanghai, China, who measured their blood pressure with an automatic office blood pressure measurement platform between 2018 and 2023. The 343,400 hypertensive patients included 53.7% of women, and had average age of 70.2 (±8.1) years (range 50–90 years). For months of year, the control rate of hypertension was lowest in February and highest in August (51.9% vs 71.8%). For hours of day, the control rate of hypertension was lowest at 7:00 AM and highest at 12:00 PM (52.1% vs 76.0%). When the months of year and hour of day were considered together, the control rate was lowest at 7 AM in February (42.1%), and highest at 12 PM in July (86.8%). In 8516 patients who had uncontrolled blood pressure in the early morning and had their blood pressure also measured around noon, 45.7% had masked uncontrolled morning hypertension, with higher rates in spring and summer, and in women, those aged 50-69 years, and non-diabetic patients. The control rate of hypertension varies greatly across months of year and hours of day, suggesting that the evaluation of blood pressure control has to take into full consideration the measurement time in terms of months and hours.
Novel mechanisms of MITF regulation identified in a mouse suppressor screen
Authors: Vu Hong Nhung , Valdimarsson Matti Már , Sigurbjörnsdóttir Sara , Bergsteinsdóttir Kristín , Debbache Julien , Bismuth Keren , Swing Deborah A , Hallsson Jón H , Larue Lionel , Arnheiter Heinz , Copeland Neal G , Jenkins Nancy A , Heidarsson Petur O , Steingrímsson Eiríkur
Published: August 2024

MITF, a basic Helix-Loop-Helix Zipper (bHLHZip) transcription factor, plays vital roles in melanocyte development and functions as an oncogene. We perform a genetic screen for suppressors of the Mitf-associated pigmentation phenotype in mice and identify an intragenic Mitf mutation that terminates MITF at the K316 SUMOylation site, leading to loss of the C-end intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The resulting protein is more nuclear but less stable than wild-type MITF and retains DNA-binding ability. As a dimer, it can translocate wild-type and mutant MITF partners into the nucleus, improving its own stability thus ensuring nuclear MITF supply. smFRET analysis shows interactions between K316 SUMOylation and S409 phosphorylation sites across monomers; these interactions largely explain the observed effects. The recurrent melanoma-associated E318K mutation in MITF, which affects K316 SUMOylation, also alters protein regulation in concert with S409. This suggests that residues K316 and S409 of MITF are impacted by SUMOylation and phosphorylation, respectively, mediating effects on nuclear localization and stability through conformational changes. Our work provides a novel mechanism of genetic suppression, and an example of how apparently deleterious mutations lead to normal phenotypes.
Simultaneous two-color visualization of lipid droplets and lysosomes for cell homeostasis monitoring using a single fluorescent probe
Authors: Liu Mengxiao , Bu Yingcui , Wang Dongxiao , Tang Lihua , Hu Didi , Li Longchun , Gan Xiaoping
Published: August 2024

TPE-NDI-Mor could label both LDs and lysosomes based on the specific response to polarity through dual-color fluorescence imaging.
Enhanced exciton–phonon coupling in pseudohalide 2D perovskite for X-ray to visible light detection
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Yang , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi , Shi Chuang , Wang Xiang
Published: August 2024

Efficient exciton dissociation in 2D Cs2Pb(SCN)2I2 perovskite with ultra-small interlayer spacing for high-performance photodetector.
Twisted diphenoquinones fused with thiophene rings: thiophene analogs of bianthrone
Authors: Adachi Yohei , Hattori Yuto , Mikie Tsubasa , Osaka Itaru , Ohshita Joji
Published: August 2024

The twisted conformer-predominant diphenoquinones fused with thiophene rings exhibited deep LUMO energy levels and apparent n-type semiconductor properties.
H/F substitution achieves high piezoelectricity in enantiomeric molecular crystals
Authors: Mao Wei-Xin , Zhou Long-Xing , Deng Xin , Lan Jin-Fei , Song Xian-Jiang , Zhang Han-Yue
Published: August 2024

This work sheds light on the design of molecular crystals with excellent piezoelectric properties.
Engaging vinylene carbonate in ruthenium-catalyzed regioselective C-4 methylenation and C-8 formylmethylation of isoquinolinones
Authors: Thalakottukara Dolly David , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: August 2024

Herein, we disclose the first reports on the utilization of vinylene carbonate as a C1 methylene source in ruthenium-catalyzed additive controlled regioselective C4-methylenation and weak chelation-assisted C8-formylmethylation of isoquinolinones.
Porphyrin-silver acetylide cluster catalysts with dual active sites for the electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Curet Leonard , Foix Dominique , Palomares Emilio , Billon Laurent , Viterisi Aurelien
Published: August 2024

2D-like porphyrin-silver acetylide clusters synthesised from tetra alkyne-substituted porphyrins with high faradic efficiency towards the electroreduction of CO2 to CO.
Enhancing orange-red emission by doping/codoping CsPb2Br5 with cations through a room-temperature aqueous-phase synthesis
Authors: Zhong Yuwei , Li Xinran , Zhang Hao , Zhang Rong , Hu Kaiwen , Zhou Xuedong , Xie Yi
Published: August 2024

The facile room-temperature aqueous phase approach for synthesis of orange-red emissive cation-doped and codoped CsPb2Br5 with enhanced photoluminescence performance and stability.
Two novel emissive Pb(ii) coordination polymers: syntheses, structures, properties and WLED application
Authors: Li Shu-Xian , Bi Chong-Yuan , Wang Yu-Chen , Yang Hong-Kun , Yu Yang , Jing Zhihong , He Yuan-Chun
Published: August 2024

Two novel emissive Pb(ii) coordination polymers were synthesized and studied in detail.
Facile synthesis of ultrathin Co5(O9.48H8.52)NO3 nanosheets and their electric-field assisted transformation into a defect-rich Co3O4/CoOOH heterostructure for efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhang Guofeng , Cao Xiaojun , Yu Jingjing , Xian Shuangyu
Published: August 2024

Electric-field assisted transformation of ultrathin Co5(O9.48H8.52)NO3 nanosheets into a defect-rich Co3O4/CoOOH heterostructure for efficient oxygen evolution.
The electronic and magnetic properties modulated by ferroelectric polarization switching in two-dimensional VSeTe/Sc2CO2 van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Yu Weiyang , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yuling , Wu Yali , Li Rui , Zhang Wei-Bing
Published: August 2024

Exploring multiferroic materials that combine magnetic and ferroelectric properties is scientifically interesting and has important technical implications for many functions of nanoscale devices.
Negative capacitance in Au/CuInGaSe2/SiO2/n-Si/Al Schottky barrier diode devices
Authors: Ashery A. , Gaballah A. E. H. , Basyooni-M. Kabatas Mohamed A.
Published: August 2024

Exploring CuInGaSe2's application in Schottky barrier diodes reveals unique negative capacitance behaviors, paving the way for enhanced supercapacitors and sustainable energy technologies.
Multiexciton spectra of molecular aggregates: application to photosynthetic antenna complexes
Authors: Novoderezhkin Vladimir I. , Razjivin Andrei P.
Published: August 2024

Multiexciton spectra of a photosynthetic LH1 antenna suggest the presence of strong uncorrelated disorder in the pigment energies.
H-assisted CO2 dissociation on PdnPt(4−n)/In2O3 catalysts: a density functional theory study
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Pan Jiaying , Wei Haiqiao , Li Wenjia , Zhao Jun , Hu Zhen
Published: August 2024

CO2 hydrogenation into valuable chemical compounds can effectively address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions and energy scarcity.
Self-diffusion is temperature independent on active membranes
Authors: Varma Saurav G. , Mitra Argha , Sarkar Sumantra
Published: August 2024

Self-diffusion of lipids coupled to the actin cytoskeleton becomes temperature-independent due to nonequilibrium, “active”, fluctuations.
Insights into dioxygen binding on metal centers: an ab initio multireference electronic structure analysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lee Way-Zen , Ye Shengfa
Published: August 2024

Why does binding of dioxygen (O2) to metal centers, the initial step of O2 storage, transportation, and activation, almost inevitably induce metal-to-O2 single-electron transfer and generate superoxo (O2−˙) species, instead of genuine O02 adducts?
CO adsorption on Pt(111) studied by periodic coupled cluster theory
Authors: Carbone Johanna P. , Irmler Andreas , Gallo Alejandro , Schäfer Tobias , Van Benschoten William Z. , Shepherd James J. , Grüneis Andreas
Published: August 2024

Application of periodic coupled-cluster theory for CO adsorption energies on the Pt(111) surface. The adsorption energy at the top site is mainly electrostatic, while at the fcc site it is correlation-based. This difference might account for the challenges DFT faces with the CO puzzle.
High-accuracy quantification of soil elements by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on PCA-GS-ELM
Authors: Qu Fanhua , Li Haochen , Sun Qifang , Li Wanxiang , Fu Yuchao , Huang Meizhen , Liu Tianyuan
Published: August 2024

A new strategy to mitigate the impact of matrix effects and a high-accuracy quantification method for elements in soil by LIBS called PCA-GS-ELM are proposed.
A multifunctional nanoporous carbon platform derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework for sensing and enzyme-like catalysis
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Xiaojing , Mou Junsong , Cao Xiyue , Xia Jianfei
Published: August 2024

A multifunctional nanoporous carbon platform with the integration of thermal transformation, thermal activation and sonochemical exfoliation is proposed for electrochemical analysis, enzyme-like catalysis and fluorescence analysis.
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral tricyclic 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-thione derivatives catalyzed by chiral imidodiphosphoric acid
Authors: Kong Lingkai , Wang Peng , Ju Chunzhi , Zhang Guangliang , Zhang Suoqin
Published: August 2024

The asymmetric synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one thioacetals was achieved for the first time using a chiral imidodiphosphoric acid catalyst.
Antioxidant activity of NSAIDs-Se derivatives: predictive QSAR-machine learning models
Authors: Fu Zhihui , Wiriyarattanakul Amphawan , Xie Wanting , Jantorn Pattamon , Toopradab Borwornlak , Shi Liyi , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Maitarad Phornphimon
Published: August 2024

This investigation utilized the random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques within the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) framework to assess NSAIDs-Se derivatives and their antioxidant properties.
Advances in the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyridazines from hydrazones
Authors: Yu Sheng , Yu Jin-Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: August 2024

The recent achievements in the synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyridazines from hydrazone derivatives are summarized.
A quinine-squaramide catalyzed enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction between benzothiazolimines and γ-butenolides for efficient preparation of chiral N-benzothiazole butyrolactones
Authors: Yu Jing-Liang , Zhang Qian-Mao , Cheng Guo , Tang Chun-Chun , Yang Zhen-Yu , Li Wen-Sheng , Wang Li-Xin
Published: August 2024

An enantioselective vinylogous Mannich reaction between benzothiazolimines and γ-butenolides has been disclosed. A series of chiral γ,γ-disubstituted butanolides have been obtained with excellent results (up to 91%, up to >99% ee, >20 : 1 dr).
Rongalite/iodine-mediated C(sp3)–H bond oximation and thiomethylation reaction of methyl ketones using copper nitrate as the [NO] reagent: synthesis of thiohydroximic acids
Authors: Wang Miao , Ren Hui-Ying , Pu Xiao-Yu , Zhang Xiao-Lu , Zhu He-Ying , Wu An-Xin , Zhao Bang-Tun
Published: August 2024

Rongalite/iodine-mediated oxime formation reaction for the synthesis of thiohydroximic acids from methyl ketones by employing copper nitrate as the [NO] reagent was developed.