bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Holocene History of the Greenland Ice Sheet based on Radiocarbon-dated Moraines in West Greenland.
Authors: Brink Norman W. Ten
Published: November 2024

The Greenland ice sheet margin retreated at least 125 km in West Greenland during the Holocene, but frequent halts or readvances interrupted the general trend and formed extensive moraine systems. Local deglaciation was synchronous with marine invasion of the fjords, resulting in deposition of interrelated glacial and marine sediments. The marine deposits have been uplifted by postglacial isostatic rebound and now occur as emerged-marine sediments and strandlines up to 125 ± 5 m a. s. l. The age and altitude values of 21 radiocarbon-dated samples of mollusc shells collected from the emerged-marine sediments define two postglacial emergence curves, which have been used to date moraine systems by means of their relations to former relative sea levels. Major moraine systems were constructed by the inland ice about 8800 B.P.,8300 B.P., ?300 B.P., 6500 B.P. to perhaps 6000{?) B.P., and presumably c. 4800-4000 B.P. and 2500-2000 B.P. An advance of the inland ice about 3 km beyond its present margin c. 700 lichenometric years B. P. was followed by oscillatory retreat and advance, culminated by an advance 330 ± 75 C-14 years B.P. Moraines adjacent to the present ice margin were formed by a series of small advances culminated by local maxima between A.D. 1880 and 1920. The episodes of moraine construction were probably caused by slight decreases in mean temperature over periods of several decades to a few centuries, resulting in decreased ablation and immediate growth of the ice sheet margin. Long-term dynamic responses of the entire ice sheet, requiring thousands of years, were not necessary to form the moraines. The suggested short-term climatic cause of Holocene moraine construction is supported by palynologic and regional glacial geological evidence aswell as historic temperature-glacier relations in West Greenland. Net retreat of the ice sheet margin during the Holocene was almost undoubtedly caused by hemispherewide climatic warming recorded in the 018/016 data for the Camp Century, Greenland, ice core as well as palynologic data from several sites in the Northern Hemisphere.
Ferri-Sepiolite in Hydrothermal Calcite-Quartz-Chalcedony veins on Nûgssuaq in West Greenland.
Authors: Binzer K. , Karup-Møller S.
Published: November 2024

Ferri-sepiolite has been found in low temperature fracture veins in volcanic rocks. The veins are composed of an early calcite-quartz generation and a late generation of calcite, quartz, chalcedony and minor amounts of ferri-sepiolite. The late generation developed simultaneously with deformation of the early minerals. Fluid inclusion studies on the associated calcite give a temperature of formation of the early generation of 65°-80°C. Secondary inclusions in calcite which may have formed simultaneously with the late generation homogenize at temperatures between 40° and 50° C. The mineral veins probably formed from circulating meteoric waters. Optical and other physical properties of the ferri-sepiolite together with X-ray crystallographic and chemical data of the mineral are compared with the similar properties of ferri-sepiolite from East Greenland.
The Polar Eskimo's eyes.
Authors: Gilberg Lisbet , Gilberg Aage
Published: November 2024

In 1963 the authors carried out a four months' expedition to Thule District in North Greenland for the purpose of making an anthropological and genetic-biological study of our old friends, the Polar Eskimos, before urbanization grew out of hand. A total of 304 persons, or 95% of the highest possible number, from ten years of age and upwards were investigated. Blood samples were taken, and black and white photos of physiognomy, colour photos of eyes and faces, hand- and fingerprints, anthropometric measurements were made. Our pedigrees of the whole population were brought up to date, and were subsequently continued up to 1973. The eye-investigations in this paper are registered in regard to sex, age and descent.Quite commonly we found that females have darker eyes than males, and children have darker eyes than adults. 37 persons or 12,1% were found to have mixed coloured iris. Mongol fold, or similar folds, which pass through the margin of the lower eyelid were found in 209 persons or 68,75% Rima palpebralis was registered as round, with female predominance, elliptical, semielliptical and as a split, and in regard to direction quite horizontal, slanting a little upwards, with female predominance, and slanting downwards.Most Polar Eskimos have triangular eyebrows, right-angled upwards, and lateral. An appendix concerning the ear lobe form shows, that only 10% Polar Eskimos have real ( +) lobes, males three times as often as females.
A postglacial pollen diagram from Angmagssalik, East Greenland.
Authors: Bick H.
Published: November 2024

A pollenanalytic study of a mire at Angmagssalik, East Greenland (65°36'N-37°39'W) has been made in connection with a vegetation research of this area by F. J. A. DANIËLS (in prep.) and J. G. DE MOLENAAR (1974, 1976).
Six pollen assemblage zones have been described. In the lowermost zone of the diagram we visualise a local vegetation complex of Salix scrub and Carex bigelowii grass heaths on fluviatile or colluvial sand deposits. This was probably followed by more chionophytic vegetations (heaths and showbed with Koenigia). At ca. 6000 B.P. (radiocarbon date) peat growth started: the pollen assemblage and the lithology reveal a Carex-Eriophorum mire vegetation with a.o. Comarum palustre and Sphagnum, Drepanocladus and Calliergon spp. After a second extensive zone with willow scrub and grass heaths again a mire vegetation developed, probably in rather recent time.
The diagram offers some evidence for climatic fluctuations, recognised elsewhere in the arctic. During the so called "climatic optimum" (ea. 6000-2200 B.P.) the climate of East Greenland, like that of North Greenland, was presumably more oceanic (with peat growth) than in earlier and later periods. This is in contrast to the conditions in South and West Greenland. The width of the drift ice belt along the East Greenland coast is probably a very important factor for the climate of the coastal area.
Ornithological observations in Southern Peary Land, North Greenland, 1973
Authors: Meltofte Hans
Published: November 2024

The present paper is a report on one summer's work at Jørgen Brønlund Fjord in Southern Peary Land, the Northern most part of Greenland. The main project was a census of breeding waders and observations of their breeding biology. It was found that some species, e.g. the waders, breed earlier around Jørgen Brønlund Fjord than in most of the Arctic, but in small numbers. This is discussed in relation to the climatic conditions, especially the extremely small amount of snow.
Furthermore an avifaunistic status is given, and discussed in relation to earlier reports. It was found that Branta bernicla hrota has disappeared from this part of Greenland since the first part of the century, and that Calidris canutus has increased in number.
Methods of wader censuses are discussed.
Greenland peregrines at their eyries - a behavioral study of the peregrine falcon
Authors: Harris James T. , Clement David M.
Published: November 2024

Two families of the endangered peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius) were observed at their nest cliffs in West Greenland. This article describes the breeding behavior of the tundra peregrine, including vocalizations, prey species, feeding and hunting, activity cycles, parental roles, and inter- and intraspecific behavior.
Bycatches in salmon drift-nets at West Greenland in 1972
Authors: Christensen O. , Lear W. H.
Published: November 2024

On the basis of catch-per-unit-effort of bycatches by commercial vessels, estimates have been derived on numbers of individuals of various species captured by the non-Greenlandic vessels fishing for Atlantic salmon at West Greenland during 1972. Of all bycatches, seabirds were taken most frequently, murres (Uria lomvia) being most common with an estimated kill of about 207,000 individuals. Estimated approximate kills of other seabird species occuring less frequently were: dovekie (Plautus alle) - 10,000, greater shearwater (Puffinus gravis) - 2700, black guillemot (Cepphus grylle) - 1800 and Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) - 900. Of fish species only Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was taken in significant quantities (about 11,000 individuals).
Of marine mammals harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and seals were taken most frequently with estimated kills of about 1400 and 300 individuals respectively.
Primary Production, Illumination and Hydrography in Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, North Greenland.
Authors: Norden Andersen Ole G.
Published: November 2024

The data on temperature, salinity, transparency, ice, illumination and primary production gathered during the Fifth Peary Land Expedition to Jørgen Brønlund Fjord in the summer of 1968 are presented and discussed. The fjord is regarded to be rather unique for the area in being free from ice and open to insolation and wave action in a period during the summer and having a restricted contact across a shallow threshold with neighbouring waters, that are largely ice-bound throughout the year.The result is slightly higher temperatures and lower salinities and most certainly greater primary production. Estimated gross production was on the basis of 14C experiments found to be 4.7 g C/m2/year. Control experiments performed in Disko Fjord, West Greenland indicate that the technique of using a Secchi disc to set the experimental depths yielded results far too low owing to the occurrence of a shallow layer of turbid surface water during most of the summer. Accordingly a yearly production of 7.4-13.7 g/m2 in Jørgen Brønlund Fjord is rather to be expected.
Devonian Sediments of East Greenland IV. The Western Sequence, Kap Kolthoff Supergroup of the Western Areas.
Authors: Yeats A. K. , Friend P. F.
Published: November 2024

A 2 km succession of upper Middle and Upper Devonian fluvial conglomerates and sandstones outcrops along a north-south distance of 160 km, and forms the western sequence of the Devonian outcrop area of East Greenland.
The thickness of the conglomerates varies considerably along the western margin, and this appears to represent the growth of distinct coarse grained fans. These coarse fluvial deposits range up to 1000 m in thickness. Breccias are locally present on the basal unconformity, sometimes including clasts up to 15 m long, that appear to have slipped and rolled from nearby outcrops of basement (pre-Devonian) sediment. Although some of the breccias were certainly deposited from water, others may have accumulated from debris flows. A number of ravines and valleys eroded in the basement, are preserved with plugs of breccia or conglomerate. Thin limestone and siltstone units occur, also close to the unconformity, and are thought to have formed in lake hollows between the highgradient alluvial deposits and the basement topography.
Most of the outcrops of the area are of rather similar sandstone sequences. These have been analysed, particularly using our multivariate analytical technique, described in number 1 of this volume. Palaeocurrents and lithology show the presence of a number of distinct sandstone bodies, hundreds of metres thick, and kilometres in lateral extent. These distinctive bodies were deposited by broadly eastward flowing river fan systems at the margin of the Devonian outcrop area. A southward flowing (axial) river system deposited sands further east, in the centre of the basin. The fan sandstone bodies are characterised by cycles, 20 to 100 m thick. In the central parts of the fans, these cycles consist of an upwards increase in the proportion of flat bedding to cross-bedding, although the medium sand grade is relatively constant. The edges of the fan bodies are marked by very-fine sand grade accumulations, interpreted as the fills of hollows between fans, or between a fan and the basement topography. Five of these fan sandstone bodies are green, and one is red and we suggest that this reflects different hydrological conditions.
Devonian Sediments of East Greenland V. The Central Sequences, Kap Graah Group and Mount Celsius Supergroup.
Authors: Nicholson J. , Friend P. F.
Published: November 2024

The first phase of deposition of the Upper Devonian Kap Graah Group consisted mainly of braided river sands, with minor lacustrine and probable aeolian sediments. These deposits are broadly similar to those of the underlying Kap Kolthoff Supergroup, and the boundary is generally conformable, rather arbitrary and probably diachronous. In the centre of the outcrop, the first phase accumulated over 1000 m of sediments and the palaeoccurrents flowed southwards. There is a small amount of evidence for a margin of this basin some way to the west, and much stronger evidence for an eastern margin traversing Gauss Halvø and continuing southwards. In various parts of this eastern marginal zone 1) the lower Kap Graah Group rests unconformably on folded Kap Kolthoff Supergroup, 2) major volcanism occurred, and 3) coarse sediment was derived from the east.
The second phase of deposition of the Kap Graah Group accumulated up to 900 m of sediment which was marked by a change to northwards of the basinal palaeoccurrent direction. Deposition extended farther eastwards overlying folded sediments that range from Vilddal Supergroup to lower Kap Graah Group. This reflects an eastern migration of the eastern margin of the basin, but palaeocurrents and coarsening both show that material was still being derived from an eastern source area. Vertebrate fossils are more abundant in this second phase of the Group. The Remigolepis Group of the Mount Celsius Supergroup reaches a thickness of about 800 m and follows conformably on the upper Kap Graah Group. Siltstones are the dominant lithology, and appear to have accumulated in low gradient rivers, which both preceded, and followed, a distinctive phase of dominantly lacustrine sedimentation. The low-gradient rivers contained a diverse assemblage of fish and amphibians.
The final episode reflected in the succession is a return to more coarse-grained sandstone accumulation. This formed the Grönlandaspis Group, which may be partly Lower Carboniferous in age, and is up to 600 m thick.
Tillæg til "Grønlands Svampe (1988)"
Authors: Rostrup E.
Published: November 2024

Resumé findes ikke.
Andet Tillæg til Grønlands Fanerogamer og Karsporeplanter
Authors: Rosenvinge L. Kolderup
Published: November 2024

Resumé findes ikke.
Fortegnelse over Stednavne i Conspectus florae groenlandicae
Authors: N N
Published: November 2024

Resumé findes ikke.
Kemisk Undersøgelse af det metalliske Jern fra Grønland samt nogle af de dermed følgende Bjergarter.
Authors: Lorenzen Joh.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Oversigt over Grønlands fossile Flora.
Authors: Heer O.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Zirkonsyre, fremstillet af Eudialyt.
Authors: Rørdam K.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Bemærkninger til Kaartet fra Tiningnertok til Julianehaab fra 62 °18' til 60°30' N B på Grønlands Vestkyst
Authors: Redaktionen
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.Anmærkning.Istedetfor Tavle VIII findes Side 154 et Textbillede
Om Østerbygden. 1886.
Authors: Steenstrup K. J. V.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
Middelværdi af astronomiske Bestemmelser.
Authors: Holm G. , Garde V.
Published: November 2024

Intet resumé.
From attributes to communities: a novel approach in social network generation
Authors: Uludağlı Muhtar Çağkan , Oğuz Kaya
Published: November 2024

Generating networks with attributes would be useful in computer game development by enabling dynamic social interactions, adaptive storylines, realistic economic systems, ecosystem modelling, urban development, strategic planning, and adaptive learning systems. To this end, we propose the Attribute-based Realistic Community and Associate NEtwork (ARCANE) algorithm to generate node-attributed networks with functional communities. We have designed a numerical node attribute-edge relationship computation system to handle the edge generation phase of our network generator, which is a different method from our predecessors. We combine this system with the proximity between nodes to create more life-like communities. Our method is compared against other node-attributed social network generators in the area with using both different evaluation metrics and a real-world dataset. The model properties evaluation identified ARCANE as the leading generator, with another generator ranking in a tie for first place. As a more favorable outcome for our approach, the community detection evaluation indicated that ARCANE exhibited superior performance compared to other competing generators within this domain. This thorough evaluation of the resulting graphs show that the proposed method can be an alternate approach to social network generators with node attributes and communities.
Climate change effect on the widely distributed Palearctic plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Namyatova Anna A. , Dzhelali Polina A. , Tyts Veronica D. , Popkov Alexander A.
Published: November 2024

Insects are poikilothermic organisms and temperature increase usually accelerates their development rates, population and distribution area growth. Therefore, it is assumed that global warming can be beneficial for the pests and other widespread species at least in the relatively cool temperate zones. However, climate change’s effect on the widespread species in the Palearctic remains poorly studied. This work was performed on three plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), at present inhabiting Europe and Asia. Liocoris tripustulatus is known from the Western Palearctic, Lygocoris pabulinus occupies the territories from Western Europe to South Asia, Lygus punctatus is distributed from Northern Europe to the Far East. In this paper, it is tested whether temperature rise is positively connected with the area of preferred climatic conditions for those species, and explores the particular climatic variables which can be limiting for the distribution of those species. Maxent software was used for the environmental niche modeling and to find the variables with significant contribution to the climatic models for the studied species. Based on those models, areas with preferred climatic conditions over different periods were calculated in QGIS. Principal component analysis and logistic regression were performed to find the variables highly contributing to the differences between the species. The results contradict the assumption that temperature growth alone can be a predictor for the widespread species and pest distribution range change. All species differ in suitable climatic conditions and their area dynamics in time, and the temperature affects each species differently. Only Liocoris tripustulatus might significantly expand its distribution area by 2070 due to the climate change. The areas in Asia and above the polar circle will be more suitable by that time for all three species than now. However, conditions in Europe might be less suitable for Lygocoris pabulinus and Lygus punctatus in the future. Both, temperature and precipitation variables, can be important for shaping distribution of Liocoris tripustulatus and Lygocoris pabulinus. Mean annual temperature and temperature in winter, most probably, limit the distribution of at least Liocoris tripsutulatus and Lygus punctatus, but changes in this variable affect those two species differently.
The diagnostic utility of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the early detection of cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Douglah Sarah , Khalil Reem , Kanaan Reem , Almeqbaali Moza , Abdelmonem Nada , Abdelmessih Marc , Khairalla Yousr , Al-Rawi Natheer H.
Published: November 2024

Background

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of polysaccharides found abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Research has indicated that the dysregulation of ECM, including changes and disruptions in GAGs, contributes to various cancer hallmarks such as metabolic reprogramming, persistent growth signals, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis.

Objective

This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of GAGs, including heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA), in early detection of cancer.

Method

Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Ovid) were searched for studies in English within the last 15 years, involving at least 50 human participants. Using a two-stage process: identification and screening, 11 articles were selected and critically appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) appropriate for each study design.

Result

Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing various cancers like renal cell carcinoma (RCC), upper GI cancer (UGI), ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and oral cancer. Methodological quality was assessed using two established tools, with no studies exhibiting a high risk of bias. Heparan sulfate levels showed diagnostic potential in renal cancer with a maximum accuracy of 98.9%, achieving 94.7% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Chondroitin sulfate disaccharides emerged as a promising diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer and showed potential as diagnostic markers in renal cancer. However, there were no statistically significant differences in urinary chondroitin sulfate levels between patients and controls in prostate cancer. In breast cancer, hyaluronic acid showed moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.792) in distinguishing metastatic from non-metastatic disease, and a composite score incorporating multiple markers, including HA, showed even higher accuracy (AUC = 0.901) in detecting metastatic breast cancer. HA demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for UGI cancers. Serum HA levels were significantly elevated in patients with oral cancer and pleural malignant mesothelioma and associated with tumor progression in patients with lung cancer. Elevated low molecular weight form of hyaluronan (~6 k Da HA) levels were found in colorectal cancer tissues.

Conclusion

GAGs hold potential as early cancer detection biomarkers. Further validation with larger, diverse populations is needed to validate their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.
Targeting squalene epoxidase in the treatment of metabolic-related diseases: current research and future directions
Authors: Chen Mingzhu , Yang Yongqi , Chen Shiting , He Zhigang , Du Lian
Published: November 2024

Metabolic-related diseases are chronic diseases caused by multiple factors, such as genetics and the environment. These diseases are difficult to cure and seriously affect human health. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), the second rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, plays an important role in cholesterol synthesis and alters the gut microbiota and tumor immunity. Research has shown that SQLE is expressed in many tissues and organs and is involved in the occurrence and development of various metabolic-related diseases, such as cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. SQLE inhibitors, such as terbinafine, NB598, natural compounds, and their derivatives, can effectively ameliorate fungal infections, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the role of SQLE in metabolic-related diseases. Further research on the regulation of SQLE expression is highly important for developing drugs for the treatment of metabolic-related diseases with good pharmacological activity.
Abnormal hypothalamic functional connectivity and serum arousal-promoting neurotransmitters in insomnia disorder patients: a pilot study
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Luo Zhenye , Fan Mei , Liu Yaxi , Shi Xian , Cai Yixian , Yang Zhiyun , Chen Liting , Pan Jiyang
Published: November 2024

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus with the whole brain in insomnia disorder (ID) patients. Additionally, we explored the relationship between FC values and serum levels of arousal-promoting neurotransmitters (orexin-A and histamine) in ID patients.

Methods

This study enrolled 30 ID patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) was employed to assess the FC of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus with the whole brain. Serum concentrations of orexin-A and histamine were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between FC values and serum levels of arousal-promoting neurotransmitters in ID patients.

Results

Our findings showed decreased FC between the posterior hypothalamus and several brain regions including the bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral angular gyrus, the right anterior cingulate cortex, the left precuneus, and the right medial superior frontal gyrus in ID patients. Additionally, decreased FC was observed between the anterior hypothalamus and the right anterior cingulate cortex among ID patients. Compared to the healthy controls, ID patients showed significantly elevated serum concentrations of orexin-A and histamine. Furthermore, we identified a positive correlation between the FC of the right medial superior frontal gyrus with posterior hypothalamus and histamine levels in ID patients.

Conclusion

ID patients exhibited aberrant FC in brain regions related to sleep-wake regulation, particularly involving the default mode network and anterior cingulate cortex, which may correlate with the peripheral levels of histamine. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential neuroimaging and neurohumoral mechanism underlying ID patients.
Identification and validation of three diagnostic autophagy-related genes associated with advanced plaques and immune cell infiltration in carotid atherosclerosis based on integrated bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Huang Tiegen , Su Chen , Su Quanli , Nie Yali , Xiao Zhenni , Tang Yao , Wang Jiahao , Luo Xiaotian , Tang Yixin
Published: November 2024

Background

Autophagy plays a key role in the development of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This study aimed to identify key autophagy-related genes (ATGs) related with CAS using bioinformatics analysis, in vivo AS mouse model, and in vitro experiments.

Methods

The GSE100927 and GSE28829 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. An integrated bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed ATGs (DE-ATGs) was conducted. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to identify the biological processes and pathways associated with DE-ATGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the DE-ATGs to identify the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. CIBERSORT analysis was performed to determine the infiltration status of 22 immune cell types and their correlation with the expression levels of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to estimate the plaque histology in the AS mouse model. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to validate the protein and mRNA expression levels of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs in the in vitro and in vivo models.

Results

We compared transcriptome profiles of 12 early CAS plaques and 29 advanced CAS plaques in the GSE100927 dataset and identified 41 DE-ATGs (33 up-regulated and eight down-regulated). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DE-ATGs were closely related with apoptosis, autophagy, and immune activation. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for the three key CAS-related DE-ATGs (CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB) were 0.707, 0.977, and 0.951, respectively. CIBERSORT analyses showed close association between the three key CAS-related DE-ATGs and the infiltration of immune cell types in the plaques. Finally, the western blot, qRT-PCR, and IHC staining confirmed that CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB were highly expressed in the plaques of the AS model mice or ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs).

Conclusion

We identified and validated three key CAS-associated ATGs, namely, CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB with high diagnostic value. These three key CAS-associated ATGs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with CAS.
Multifaceted roles of cGAS-STING pathway in the lung cancer: from mechanisms to translation
Authors: Wei Mingming , Li Qingzhou , Li Shengrong , Wang Dong , Wang Yumei
Published: November 2024

Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies globally, with a 5-year survival rate for advanced cases persistently below 10%. Despite the significant advancements in immunotherapy, a substantial proportion of patients with advanced LC fail to respond effectively to these treatments, highlighting an urgent need for novel immunotherapeutic targets. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has gained prominence as a potential target for improving LC immunotherapy due to its pivotal role in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses, augmenting tumor antigen presentation, and promoting T cell infiltration. However, emerging evidence also suggests that the cGAS-STING pathway may have pro-tumorigenic effects in the context of LC. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cGAS-STING pathway, including its biological composition, activation mechanisms, and physiological functions, as well as its dual roles in LC and the current and emerging LC treatment strategies that target the pathway. By addressing these aspects, we intend to highlight the potential of the cGAS-STING pathway as a novel immunotherapeutic target, while also considering the challenges and future directions for its clinical application.
Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is associated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Junwei , Ma Jie , Lu Jian , Ran Hailiang , Yuan Zhongqin , Zhou Hai , Huang Yunchao , Xiao Yuanyuan
Published: November 2024

Background

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) had been associated with survival of several cancers. However, its prognostic significance for colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been effectively discussed. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline serum NSE and the overall survival (OS) of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAD) patients.

Methods

A retrospective study had been conducted by including 564 histopathology confirmed CRAD patients between January 2013 and December 2018 from Yunnan Provincial Cancer hospital, China. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between serum NSE measured at diagnosis and the OS of the patients. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was further applied to delineate dose-response trend of the NSE-OS association.

Results

After controlling for possible confounding factors, baseline serum NSE was significantly associated with OS in CRAD: when dichotomizing by the median, patients with higher baseline serum NSE (NSE >= 12.93 ng/mL) were observed a worse prognosis (hazard ratio, HR: 1.82, 95% CI [1.30–2.55], p < 0.01). Stratified analysis by tumor stage revealed a stronger NSE-OS association in advanced CRAD patients. RCS disclosed a prominent dose-response relationship in NSE-OS association for all CRAD patients: along with the increase of baseline serum NSE, the adjusted HR of CRAD patients increased gradually. This dose-response trend is also evident in advanced stage CRAD patients, but not in early stage CRAD patients.

Conclusions

Serum NSE measured at diagnosis might be a useful prognostic indicator for CRAD, especially for advanced stage patients.
Estado Cognitivo en Adultos Mayores Institucionalizados: Comparación a Partir de la Red de Apoyo Disponible
Authors: Pabón Poches Daysy Katherine , Delgado Meza Jesús Armando , Barchelot Aceros Laura Juliana , Lara Gómez Yuliana Andrea , Nova Ardila Andrea Margarita
Published: November 2024

La institucionalización de los adultos mayores es cada vez más frecuente, sin embargo, su estudio es bastante inferior respecto a los no institucionalizados. Aunque se han reportado tasas más elevadas de deterioro cognitivo en mayores institucionalizados, son pocos los datos que permiten entender las condiciones en las que se presenta este funcionamiento cognitivo, por ejemplo, la red de apoyo disponible: apoyo familiar o institucional. Por ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal y alcance correlacional, para describir las diferencias en el estado cognitivo entre adultos mayores institucionalizados con red de apoyo familiar y red de apoyo institucional o caridad. Se aplicó la escala MoCa a 84 adultos mayores institucionalizados, seleccionados por conveniencia en 4 hogares geriátricos de Bucaramanga, Santander. Se utilizó 2de Pearson para el análisis de los datos, obteniendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos en el funcionamiento de la capacidad visoespacial, donde los mayores institucionalizados por caridad, reportaron un mejor funcionamiento. Los adultos mayores con red de apoyo familiar manifiestan más áreas de funcionamiento cognitivo afectadas. Se entiende que la red de apoyo institucional, los vínculos, relaciones y actividades propias de este contexto son importantes para el adulto mayor. Se recomienda que, para un cuidado óptimo del adulto mayor, se priorice la atención de las necesidades socioemocionales, favoreciendo la conservación de su funcionamiento cognitivo. También se sugiere trabajar con estimulación cognitiva, especialmente en el recuerdo diferido y la abstracción, pues suelen ser 2 de las funciones cognitivas más afectadas.
The Effect of Hyaluronidase as an Adjuvant to Local Anaesthetics in Peripheral Nerve Stimulator-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Sharma Tejash H , Shah Jainy , Chauhan Amit , Chavda Dushyant , Thomas Sara Mary
Published: November 2024

Introduction: For upper limb procedures using the supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block, various adjuncts to Local Anaesthetics (LA) have been employed to improve the quality and duration of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia without leading to any adverse sideeffects or prolonging the period of motor block. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme used with other drugs to accelerate their dispersion and distribution. It catalyses the hydrolysis of a component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronan, thereby lowering its viscosity and improving tissue permeability. Aim: To evaluate the sensory and motor blockade resulting from the addition of hyaluronidase as an adjuvant to LA in Peripheral Nerve Stimulator (PNS)-guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block (SBPB). Materials and Methods: This prospective, comparative, double-blinded, randomised controlled study was conducted in a Department of Anaesthesiology S.B.K Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat, India at a tertiary care hospital on 72 patients undergoing elective upper limb surgeries under PNS-guided SBPB over 18 months from November 2022 to August 2024. Group B (n=36) received inj. bupivacaine (0.5%) 13 mL, inj. lignocaine with adrenaline (2%) (1:200,000) 13 mL, and inj. normal saline (0.9%) 4 mL, for a total of 30 mL, and Group H (n=36) received inj. bupivacaine (0.5%) 10 mL, inj. lignocaine with adrenaline (2%) (1:200,000) 10 mL, inj. hyaluronidase (900 IU) 6 mL, and inj. normal saline (0.9%) 4 mL, for a total of 30 mL. Sensory and motor blockade and rescue analgesia were recorded at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 hours. Categorical variables were analysed using the Chi-square test. To analyse continuous variables, the student’s t-test was used. The p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: The onset time of sensory and motor block was earlier with Group H (2.36±0.25 minutes and 4.2±0.29 minutes) than with Group B (4.54±0.25 minutes and 6.51±0.29 minutes), respectively (p<0.05). The sensory and motor block lasted longer in Group B (278.8±7 minutes and 266.8±6.78 minutes) than in Group H (263.2±7 minutes and 246.3±6.78 minutes) respectively, p<0.05. The duration of analgesia was longer with Group B (240.8±7.84 minutes) compared to Group H (220±7.84 minutes) p<0.05. No major adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Addition of hyaluronidase to a lower volume of LA results in rapid onset of the block with minimal side-effects.
Perceptions of First Language Usage and its Effect on Student Achievement in English Language Learning
Authors: Dango Joana , Osman Hawa
Published: November 2024

Aims: This paper explored the prevalence of the use of first language, the perception of students on the influence of first language on English language performance, the challenges the use of first language bring to students in the process of learning English and measures to curb the use of first language to improve the performance of English at Ho-Bankoe Methodist Primary School.
Methodology: In this study, the target populations were students and English teachers at the Ho-Bankoe Methodist Primary School. 36 students were sampled using stratified sampling and simple random sampling. Five Teachers were sampled using purposive sampling technique. The study used quantitative research approach. Questionnaires were used to collect data from students and teachers. Quantitative data was summarized using descriptive statistics and presented using tables and bar graphs.
Results: The study assessed the prevalence of mother tongue usage among students at Ho-Bankoe Methodist Primary School, revealing that 28 out of 36 students (77.8%) frequently use their mother tongue during English lessons. Additionally, 28 students (77.6%) reported that their first language positively influences their English performance, while 25 students (69.4%) acknowledged that reliance on their mother tongue can lead to poor English outcomes. Challenges identified include difficulties in writing and pronunciation, with 28 students (77.8%) agreeing that their first language affects their English writing. To mitigate these challenges, 29 students (80.5%) supported the implementation of a language policy prohibiting mother tongue use, while 75% indicated they face penalties for speaking their first language. The findings suggest a critical need for balanced language policies that promote English proficiency while recognizing the role of the mother tongue in education.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that while students often use their mother tongue, this practice has mixed effects on their English skills. Teachers acknowledge the need for a language policy favoring English, yet the lack of rewards for English use highlights the need for a balanced approach. Recommendations include implementing a bilingual education model that values both languages, alongside further research across diverse educational settings to enhance understanding and practices in language acquisition.
Assessing Retinal Function Alterations Due to Digital Device Use: A Study of Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Fahim Bishoy , Emad Sandra , Fadel Shaimaa , SalahEldeen Noha , Gad Fathy , Zein Somya , Elgharieb Mervat
Published: November 2024

Digital devices, mainly smartphone with its time-consuming applications and 24/7 internet connection, are accused of the being the main cause of severe distraction and excessive disruptions with fragmentation of everyday life that adversely interrupts the adults and youth lifestyles, health, education and social or family relationships.  The medical students underwent objective ophthalmic examination to confirm or exclude CVS diagnosis based on Iqbal’s four major criteria for accurate CVS diagnosis. Screen-induced foveal dysfunction (SFD) has been recorded using the multifocal electroretinogram to prove the retinal function alterations due to excessive digital device use. Based on our outcomes, we have defined the term screen-induced foveal dysfunction (SFD) as “the multifocal electroretinogram reduced foveal responses below standard normal ranges that are mostly temporary, reversible and usually associated with reduced visual acuities and performances in computer vision syndrome positive-cases”. SFD is characterized by temporary impermanent reduced foveal responses that associates reduced visual acuities and performances in CVS positive-cases. Strict reduction or cessation of exposure to digital screens and/or electronic devices that contains light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 4 weeks results in spontaneous resolution of cone adaptation/saturation thus eventually the retina regains its normal foveal functions and responses with normal visual acuities and performances. Iqbal’s instructions are helpful in reducing the medical students’ screen-time to reverse the SFD thus improving the foveal responses in CVS positive-cases. It is recommended that the screen-time not exceed 3 hours daily to avoid the visual impacts and sequelae of the digital environment.
Cavernous Hemangioma Of The Mastoid: A Case Presentation Of An Exceptional Localization
Authors: Hanine M.A. , Bouhlala A. , Tayane M. , Ammar H. , Aljalil A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Intraosseous cavernous hemangioma is exceptionally located in the mastoid. This benign tumor, which arises from the intrinsic vascularization of the bone, develops slowly over many years and remains generally asymptomatic. Case presentation: A 53-years-old female patient presented to the out-patient clinic of ENT-HNS department of Avicenna Military hospital of Marrakesh, with 10 years history of slow growing retro-auricular mass with no other complains. Clinical examination revealed a hard and painless mass located on the right mastoid process , fixed to deep mastoid fascia. Temporal bone CT scan shows a Honeycomb-shaped osteolytic lesion with surrounding needle-shape irregularities and microcalcifications in the temporal bone , extending to the mastoid and homolateral occipital bone and disrupting the medial and lateral cortex. Skull base MRI shows a hypointense T1, hyperintense T2 retroauricular expansive lesion that moderately and heterogeneously enhanced after injection of contrast medium, measuring 4.3 X 2.6 cm in anteroposterior and transverse diameter respectively.Biopsy reveals a cavernous hemangioma. Radiological diagnosis, based on CT and MRI scans, is difficult and sometimes misleading. Anatomopathological examination confirms the diagnosis, showing vascular congestions surrounded by fibrous tissue. Discussion and conclusion: Cavernous hemangioma is a rare condition which mainly occurs in nasal fossa.Diagnosis is suspected on imaging and confirmed by biopsy.Treatment is indicated only for symptomatic forms, and is based on mastoidectomy or even petrosectomy. Radiotherapy is an alternative treatment for non-operable forms. It can halt the progression of the tumor without causing a regression of the tumour volume.
Comparison Of Epidural Ropivacaine And Ropivacaine With Clonidine In Patient’s Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Faisal Izhar , Salam Saima , Choubey Sanjay
Published: November 2024

Background: Epidural anaesthesia is preferred technique for the patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery, owing to its ability to provide perioperative anaesthesia as well as postoperative analgesia. Ropivacaine has emerged as a possible replacement of Bupivacaine because of its favorable clinical profile. Neuraxial adjuvants augment the action of local anaesthetics and allows reductions of anaesthetic and analgesic requirement. Aim: Comparison of onset and duration of sensory-motor block, and any adverse effect of Epidural block of 0.5% ropivacaine (2mg/kg) versus 0.5% ropivacaine (2mg/kg) with clonidine (0.75microgram/kg). Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out in 50 patients (25 in each group) of American Society of Anaesthesiologist Grade I and II, scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy under epidural block. Group R received plain 0.5% ropivacaine (2mg/kg) and Group RC received 0.5% ropivacaine (2mg/kg) with (0.75microgram/kg) clonidine. The onset time of sensory-motor analgesia, duration of sensory & motor block, postoperative analgesic dose, hemodynamic parameters and adverse events were recorded. Results: Faster onset of sensory-motor blockade with significantly prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia and decreased postoperative analgesia dose requirement, was observed in RC group. The incidence of bradycardia and hypotension was more in RC group as compared to R group which was not statistically significant. No potential side effect was seen in either group. Conclusions: Supplementation of 0.75mcg/kg clonidine to epidural ropivacaine results in faster onset of sensorymotor blockade, prolonged duration of analgesia and significant reduction in postoperative analgesic dose, compared to plain epidural ropivacaine
Rare Association Of Budd Chiari Syndrome And Peliosis Hepatis: Could Oral Contraception Be The Cause?
Authors: Aoufi Lina El , Ouaya Hassan , Meyiz Houda , Mellouki Ihsane
Published: November 2024

Oral contraceptive pills are widely used for birth control, but they have been associated with various hepatic disorders. This article presents a unique case of the simultaneous occurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome and peliosis hepatis, which is likely attributed to long-term use of oral contraception. The case involves a 38-yearold woman with a history of oral contraceptive use since adolescence who initially consulted for abdominal ascites
Rusty Pipe Syndrome – A Case Report
Authors: . .
Published: November 2024

“Rusty pipe syndrome” is a condition in a primiparous woman who presents with bilateral bloody nipple discharge in the early postpartum period. Its prevalence is low and can occur due to physiological condition that arises primarily in primiparous women with increased alveolar and ductal vascularization associated with the onset of lactation. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old primiparous who presented with bilateral painless bloody nipple discharge after delivery. Her breast examination showed no signs of infection or structural changes with no symptoms other than bloody nipple discharge. Eight days after the onset of lactation, the bloody nipple discharge ceased and patient advised to continue lactation.