bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-cigarettes and their lone constituents induce cardiac arrhythmia and conduction defects in mice
Authors: Carll Alex P. , Arab Claudia , Salatini Renata , Miles Meredith D. , Nystoriak Matthew A. , Fulghum Kyle L. , Riggs Daniel W. , Shirk Gregg A. , Theis Whitney S. , Talebi Nima , Bhatnagar Aruni , Conklin Daniel J.
Published: October 2022

E-cigarette use has surged, but the long-term health effects remain unknown. E-cigarette aerosols containing nicotine and acrolein, a combustion and e-cigarette byproduct, may impair cardiac electrophysiology through autonomic imbalance. Here we show in mouse electrocardiograms that acute inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols disturbs cardiac conduction, in part through parasympathetic modulation. We demonstrate that, similar to acrolein or combustible cigarette smoke, aerosols from e-cigarette solvents (vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol) induce bradycardia, bradyarrhythmias, and elevations in heart rate variability during inhalation exposure, with inverse post-exposure effects. These effects are slighter with tobacco- or menthol-flavored aerosols containing nicotine, and in female mice. Yet, menthol-flavored and PG aerosols also increase ventricular arrhythmias and augment early ventricular repolarization (J amplitude), while menthol uniquely alters atrial and atrioventricular conduction. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols from vegetable glycerin and its byproduct, acrolein, diminish heart rate and early repolarization. The pro-arrhythmic effects of solvent aerosols on ventricular repolarization and heart rate variability depend partly on parasympathetic modulation, whereas ventricular arrhythmias positively associate with early repolarization dependent on the presence of nicotine. Our study indicates that chemical constituents of e-cigarettes could contribute to cardiac risk by provoking pro-arrhythmic changes and stimulating autonomic reflexes.
Binary-FRET reveals transient excited-state structure associated with activity-dependent CaMKII - NR2B binding and adaptation
Authors: Nguyen Tuan A. , Puhl Henry L. , Hines Kirk , Liput Daniel J. , Vogel Steven S.
Published: October 2022

Synaptic functions are mediated and modulated by a coordinated choreography of protein conformational changes and interactions in response to intracellular calcium dynamics. Time-lapse Förster resonance energy transfer can be used to study the dynamics of both conformational changes and protein-protein interactions simultaneously under physiological conditions if two resonance energy transfer reactions can be multiplexed. Binary-FRET is a technique developed to independently monitor the dynamics of calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase-II catalytic-domain pair separation in the holoenzyme, and its role in establishing activity-dependent holoenzyme affinity for the NR2B binding fragment of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Here we show that a transient excited-state intermediate exists where paired catalytic-domains in the holoenzyme first separate prior to subsequent NR2B association. Additionally, at non-saturating free calcium concentrations, our multiplexed approach reveals that the holoenzyme exhibits a biochemical form of plasticity, calcium dependent adaptation of T-site ligand binding affinity.
Termination of the unfolded protein response is guided by ER stress-induced HAC1 mRNA nuclear retention
Authors: Matabishi-Bibi Laura , Challal Drice , Barucco Mara , Libri Domenico , Babour Anna
Published: October 2022

Cellular homeostasis is maintained by surveillance mechanisms that intervene at virtually every step of gene expression. In the nucleus, the yeast chromatin remodeler Isw1 holds back maturing mRNA ribonucleoparticles to prevent their untimely export, but whether this activity operates beyond quality control of mRNA biogenesis to regulate gene expression is unknown. Here, we identify the mRNA encoding the central effector of the unfolded protein response (UPR)HAC1, as an Isw1 RNA target. The direct binding of Isw1 to the 3’ untranslated region ofHAC1mRNA restricts its nuclear export and is required for accurate UPR abatement. Accordingly,ISW1inactivation sensitizes cells to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress while its overexpression reduces UPR induction. Our results reveal an unsuspected mechanism, in which binding of ER-stress induced Isw1 toHAC1mRNA limits its nuclear export, providing a feedback loop that fine-tunes UPR attenuation to guarantee homeostatic adaptation to ER stress.
Understanding the role of eye movement consistency in face recognition and autism through integrating deep neural networks and hidden Markov models
Authors: Hsiao Janet H. , An Jeehye , Hui Veronica Kit Sum , Zheng Yueyuan , Chan Antoni B.
Published: October 2022

Greater eyes-focused eye movement pattern during face recognition is associated with better performance in adults but not in children. We test the hypothesis that higher eye movement consistency across trials, instead of a greater eyes-focused pattern, predicts better performance in children since it reflects capacity in developing visual routines. We first simulated visual routine development through combining deep neural network and hidden Markov model that jointly learn perceptual representations and eye movement strategies for face recognition. The model accounted for the advantage of eyes-focused pattern in adults, and predicted that in children (partially trained models) consistency but not pattern of eye movements predicted recognition performance. This result was then verified with data from typically developing children. In addition, lower eye movement consistency in children was associated with autism diagnosis, particularly autistic traits in social skills. Thus, children’s face recognition involves visual routine development through social exposure, indexed by eye movement consistency.
Ameliorative effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare) versus silymarin in experimentally induced hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Abdelghffar Eman A. R. , El-Nashar Heba A. S. , Fayez Shaimaa , Obaid Wael A. , Eldahshan Omayma A.
Published: October 2022

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a deterioration of brain function in patients suffering from chronic liver disease, cirrhosis as a result of elevated blood ammonia and the production of pseudo-neurotransmitters. Herein, we investigated the chemical composition of hexane extract fromOriganum vulgare(O. vulgare) leaves as well as its possible protective effects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in rats. GC–MS analysis of the extract revealed tentative identification of twenty-five compounds (82.93%), predominated by cholesten-3-one (27.30%), followed by γ-tocopherol (13.52%), α-tocopherol (5.01%), β-amyrin (5.24%) andα-amyrin (4.89%). Albino rats were distributed into seven groups (n = 7). G1served as negative control; G2and G3served as controls treated withO. vulgare(100 and 200 mg/kg/p.ob.w, respectively); G4served as TAA-positive control group (100 mg/kg/day/i.p., three alternative days per week for six weeks); G5, G6, and G7 served as TAA -induced HE rat model that receivedO. vulgare100,O. vulgare200, and silymarin (100 mg/kg of SILY, as standard drug), respectively. TAA showed depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in forced swimming test (FST) and reduction of cognitive score in elevated plus-maze test (EPMT) as well as impairment of locomotor and exploratory activities in open-field test (OFT). TAA caused a significant decline in body weight gain; however, the relative liver weight and brain water content were statistically increased. TAA-intoxicated rats showed significant increase of serum biomarker enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, blood ammonia levels, brain serotonin, acetyl cholinesterase and cellular lipid peroxidation with significant decrease of brain dopamine, norepinephrine, antioxidant status. The hepatoprotective/neuro-protective activities ofO. vulgarewas found to be comparable with that of SILY in HE rats model. Where, treatment of TAA-intoxicated rats withO. vulgareattenuated anxiety, depressive-related behaviors, and reduced the biochemical changes in HE-induced by TAA. Therefore,O. vulgarecould be an excellent hepato-/neuroprotective against hepatic injury and HE via improving the oxidative/inflammatory status through its antioxidant and neuro-modulatory properties and its effect is equal to that of SILY.
Effects of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter on insect abundance and diversity in urban green spaces
Authors: Heidari Latibari Minoo , Moravvej Gholamhossein , Arias-Penna Diana Carolina , Ghafouri Moghaddam Mostafa
Published: October 2022

The impact of three air pollutants, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the diversity and abundance of insect fauna associated with Chinese thuja, Platycladus orientalis, was evaluated for the first time in Iran. Sampling was performed in Lashkar, Sadaf, and Sajjad, three urban green spaces in Mashhad, a city located in Razavi Khorasan province. A total of 29 insect species including 16 natural enemies and 13 herbivores were identified. The results indicated that herbivore abundance was positively and significantly correlated with the level of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, but not with the level of fine particulate matter. In contrast, herbivore diversity was negatively and significantly correlated only with the level of carbon monoxide. As for natural enemies, abundance and diversity both were not significantly correlated with the levels of none of all three pollutants. The aphid, Cinara thujafilina Del Guercio was the most dominant herbivore species in all the sampling sites with a relative abundance of 86% at Lashkar, 93% at Sadaf, and 95% at Sajjad. Regarding natural enemies, the ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata was the most abundant species both at Lashkar (49%) and Sadaf (35%) while the ladybird, Oenopia conglubata was the most abundant at Sajjad (21%). The highest diversity of herbivores and natural enemies across the four seasons were at the Lashkar and Sadaf sites. The results highlight that of the three air pollutants, carbon monoxide is the one that affects both on abundance and diversity of herbivore guild associated with Platycladus orientalis in urban green spaces.
Explaining neural activity in human listeners with deep learning via natural language processing of narrative text
Authors: Russo Andrea G. , Ciarlo Assunta , Ponticorvo Sara , Di Salle Francesco , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Esposito Fabrizio
Published: October 2022

Deep learning (DL) approaches may also inform the analysis of human brain activity. Here, a state-of-art DL tool for natural language processing, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer version 2 (GPT-2), is shown to generate meaningful neural encodings in functional MRI during narrative listening. Linguistic features of word unpredictability (surprisal) and contextual importance (saliency) were derived from the GPT-2 applied to the text of a 12-min narrative. Segments of variable duration (from 15 to 90 s) defined the context for the next word, resulting in different sets of neural predictors for functional MRI signals recorded in 27 healthy listeners of the narrative. GPT-2 surprisal, estimating word prediction errors from the artificial network, significantly explained the neural data in superior and middle temporal gyri (bilaterally), in anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, and in the left prefrontal cortex. GPT-2 saliency, weighing the importance of context words, significantly explained the neural data for longer segments in left superior and middle temporal gyri. These results add novel support to the use of DL tools in the search for neural encodings in functional MRI. A DL language model like the GPT-2 may feature useful data about neural processes subserving language comprehension in humans, including next-word context-related prediction.
Contrasting response of fungal versus bacterial residue accumulation within soil aggregates to long-term fertilization
Authors: Xu Yingde , Sun Liangjie , Gao Xiaodan , Wang Jingkuan
Published: October 2022

Soil microorganisms are critical for soil carbon (C) cycling. They primarily regulate the turnover of the soil organic C (SOC) by adjusting their community structure, and contributing residues with a considerable amount to the resistant SOC. Nevertheless, how long-term fertilization (e.g., the combination of manure and chemical fertilizer) affects the spatial distribution of both living microbial communities and dead microbial residue within soil aggregate fractions remains largely unclear. In this study, we analyzed changes in microbial community (lipid biomarkers) and microbial residue retention (amino sugar biomarkers), and also calculated the contribution of microbial residue to organic C in bulk soil and different soil aggregates (> 2 mm, 1–2 mm, 0.25–1 mm, and < 0.25 mm) in Alfisols treated with 29 years fertilization or no fertilization (control). Our results showed that long-term fertilization significantly increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and organic C contents in all aggregate fractions. The fertilization treatment increased the contents of PLFAs and microbial residue C, but the relative contribution of microbial residue to SOC was higher in the control (56.8% vs. 49.0%), due to the low SOC background caused by much lower level of non-microbially derived C input. These results suggested that long-term fertilization could increase SOC by accumulating both plant- and microbial-derived C, while the C deficient soil is more dependent on the accumulation of microbial residues. Long-term fertilization promoted the enrichment of bacterial-derived muramic acid in micro aggregates, but increased the proportion of fungal-derived glucosamine in macro aggregates. Meanwhile, the contribution of bacterial residue to organic C in the fertilization treatment was higher in micro aggregates (7.6% for > 2 mm vs. 9.2% for < 0.25 mm aggregate), while the contribution of fungal residue was higher in macro aggregate fractions (40.9% for > 2 mm vs. 35.7% for < 0.25 mm aggregate). The above results indicated that long-term fertilization could drive the differentiation of heterogeneous microbial residue accumulation patterns that significantly alter the contribution of fungal- versus bacterial-derived C to organic C within soil aggregate fractions.
KUALA: a machine learning-driven framework for kinase inhibitors repositioning
Authors: De Simone Giada , Sardina Davide Stefano , Gulotta Maria Rita , Perricone Ugo
Published: October 2022

The family of protein kinases comprises more than 500 genes involved in numerous functions. Hence, their physiological dysfunction has paved the way toward drug discovery for cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. As a matter of fact, Kinase binding sites high similarity has a double role. On the one hand it is a critical issue for selectivity, on the other hand, according to poly-pharmacology, a synergistic controlled effect on more than one target could be of great pharmacological interest. Another important aspect of binding similarity is the possibility of exploit it for repositioning of drugs on targets of the same family. In this study, we propose our approach called Kinase drUgs mAchine Learning frAmework (KUALA) to automatically identify kinase active ligands by using specific sets of molecular descriptors and provide a multi-target priority score and a repurposing threshold to suggest the best repurposable and non-repurposable molecules. The comprehensive list of all kinase-ligand pairs and their scores can be found at https://github.com/molinfrimed/multi-kinases.
Effects of shady environments on fish collective behavior
Authors: Ribeiro Haroldo V. , Acre Matthew R. , Faulkner Jacob D. , da Cunha Leonardo R. , Lawson Katelyn M. , Wamboldt James J. , Brey Marybeth K. , Woodley Christa M. , Calfee Robin D.
Published: October 2022

Despite significant efforts devoted to understanding the underlying complexity and emergence of collective movement in animal groups, the role of different external settings on this type of movement remains largely unexplored. Here, by combining time series analysis and complex network tools, we present an extensive investigation of the effects of shady environments on the behavior of a fish species (Silver CarpHypophthalmichthys molitrix) within earthen ponds. We find that shade encourages fish residence during daylight hours, but the degree of preference for shade varies substantially among trials and ponds. Silver Carp are much slower and exhibit lower persistence in their speeds when under shade than out of it during daytime and nighttime, with fish displaying the highest persistence degree and speeds at night. Furthermore, our research shows that shade affects fish schooling behavior by reducing their polarization, number of interactions among individuals, and the stability among local neighbors; however, fish keep a higher local degree of order when under shade compared to nighttime positions.
Combination of long-read and short-read sequencing provides comprehensive transcriptome and new insight for Chrysanthemum morifolium ray-floret colorization
Authors: Kishi-Kaboshi Mitsuko , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Katsutomo , Noda Naonobu , Aida Ryutaro
Published: October 2022

Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most popular ornamental plants globally. Owing to its large and complex genome (around 10 Gb, segmental hexaploid), it has been difficult to obtain comprehensive transcriptome, which will promote to perform new breeding technique, such as genome editing, in C. morifolium. In this study, we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and RNA-seq technologies, combined them with an error-correcting process, and obtained high-coverage ray-floret transcriptome. The SMRT-seq data increased the ratio of long mRNAs containing complete open-reading frames, and the combined dataset provided a more complete transcriptomic data than those produced from either SMRT-seq or RNA-seq-derived transcripts. We finally obtained ‘Sei Arabella’ transcripts containing 928,645 non-redundant mRNA, which showed 96.6% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) score. We also validated the reliability of the dataset by analyzing a mapping rate, annotation and transcript expression. Using the dataset, we searched anthocyanin biosynthesis gene orthologs and performed a qRT-PCR experiment to assess the usability of the dataset. The assessment of the dataset and the following analysis indicated that our dataset is reliable and useful for molecular biology. The combination of sequencing methods provided genetic information and a way to analyze the complicated C. morifolium transcriptome.
Salt stress decreases seed yield and postpones growth process of canola (Brassica napus L.) by changing nitrogen and carbon characters
Authors: Wang Long , Zuo Qingsong , zheng Jingdong , You Jingjing , Yang Guang , Leng Suohu
Published: October 2022

Salt stress is a major challenge for plant growth and yield achievement in canola (Brassica napus L.). Nitrogen (N) is considered as an essential nutrient involved in many physiological processes, and carbon (C) is the most component of plant biomass. N and C assimilations of canola plants are always inhibited by salt stress. However, the knowledge of how salt stress affects biomass and seed yield through changing N and C characters is limited. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the growth process, N and C characters, photosynthetic performance, biomass accumulation and seed yield under the low and high soil salt-ion concentration conditions (LSSC and HSSC). The results indicated that HSSC postponed the time of early flowering stage and maturity stage by 4 ~ 5 days and 6 ~ 8 days, respectively, as compared with LSSC. Besides, HSSC decreased the N and C accumulation and C/N at both growing stages, suggesting that salt stress break the balance between C assimilation and N assimilation, with stronger effect on C assimilation. Although the plant N content under HSSC was increased, the photosynthesis rate at early flowering stage was decreased. The leaf area index at early flowering stage was also reduced. In addition, HSSC decreased N translocation efficiency especially in stem, and N utilization efficiency. These adverse effects of HSSC together resulted in reduced biomass accumulation and seed yield. In conclusion, the high soil salt-ion concentration reduced biomass accumulation and seed yield in canola through changing N and C characters.
The associations between stunting and wasting at 12 months of age and developmental milestones delays in a cohort of Cambodian children
Authors: Van Beekum Marion , Berger Jacques , Van Geystelen Judit , Hondru Gabriela , Som Somphos Vicheth , Theary Chan , Laillou Arnaud , Poirot Etienne , Bork Kirsten A. , Wieringa Frank T. , Fortin Sonia
Published: October 2022

Worldwide, over 250 million children under 5 years do not reach their developmental potential due to several causes, including malnutrition. In Cambodia, the prevalence of stunting and wasting among children remains high. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess acquisition of motor and cognitive developmental milestones in early childhood and their associations with stunting and wasting. Children aged from 0 to 24 months were recruited from three provinces in Cambodia and followed up to seven times from March 2016 to June 2019, until their 5 years. Data collection included anthropometry and developmental milestones. Seven motor and seven cognitive milestones were evaluated using the Cambodian Development Milestone Assessment Tool. Associations were assessed with parametric survival models. Hazard ratios (HR) below 1 stood for lower probabilities for achieving developmental milestones. Data were available for 7394 children. At 12 months, the prevalence of stunting and wasting were 23.7% and 9.6% respectively. Both were consistently associated with delays in most motor and cognitive milestones. Stunting was strongly associated with delays in gross motor milestones (HR < 0.85;p < 0.001). Wasting was more strongly associated with delays in fine motor development and most cognitive milestones (HR < 0.75;p < 0.001). Promoting nutritional programs in the first 1000 days to prevent malnutrition is essential to further the optimal growth and motor and cognitive development of Cambodian children.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), an emerging model species
Authors: Geneva Anthony J. , Park Sungdae , Bock Dan G. , de Mello Pietro L. H. , Sarigol Fatih , Tollis Marc , Donihue Colin M. , Reynolds R. Graham , Feiner Nathalie , Rasys Ashley M. , Lauderdale James D. , Minchey Sergio G. , Alcala Aaron J. , Infante Carlos R. , Kolbe Jason J. , Schluter Dolph , Menke Douglas B. , Losos Jonathan B.
Published: October 2022

Rapid technological improvements are democratizing access to high quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies. No longer the domain of only the most highly studied model organisms, now non-traditional and emerging model species can be genome-enabled using a combination of sequencing technologies and assembly software. Consequently, old ideas built on sparse sampling across the tree of life have recently been amended in the face of genomic data drawn from a growing number of high-quality reference genomes. Arguably the most valuable are those long-studied species for which much is already known about their biology; what many term emerging model species. Here, we report a highly complete chromosome-scale genome assembly for the brown anole, Anolis sagrei – a lizard species widely studied across a variety of disciplines and for which a high-quality reference genome was long overdue. This assembly exceeds the vast majority of existing reptile and snake genomes in contiguity (N50 = 253.6 Mb) and annotation completeness. Through the analysis of this genome and population resequence data, we examine the history of repetitive element accumulation, identify the X chromosome, and propose a hypothesis for the evolutionary history of fusions between autosomes and the X that led to the sex chromosomes of A. sagrei.
Rational design of heterostructural heterometallic phosphonates as highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting under alkaline conditions
Authors: Yan Chong-Chong , Tang Si-Fu
Published: October 2022

Heterostructural heterometallic phosphonates assembled by a “MOF-on-MOF” strategy function as highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting under alkaline conditions.
Fucoidans from Pearsonothuria graeffei prevent obesity by regulating intestinal lipid metabolism and inflammation related signalling pathways
Authors: Li Shan , Li Mengli , Guo Ronghua , Zhao Ting , Gao Xiang , Li Kelei , Guo Xiaofei , Li Junhui , Li Duo
Published: October 2022

fuc-Pg supplementation could prevent obesity by affecting intestinal lipid metabolism, reversing the abnormal serum lipid profile, improving WAT function, and reversing systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice.
Lycopene alleviates multiple-mycotoxin-induced toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis in the mouse jejunum
Authors: Lin Jia , Zuo Cuige , Liang Tianzeng , Huang Yang , Kang Ping , Xiao Kan , Liu Yulan
Published: October 2022

Lycopene ameliorates jejunal damage induced by co-exposure to zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 via inhibiting mitochondrial injury and oxidative stress-mediated ferroptosis.
Current rectification by nanoparticles in bipolar nanopores
Authors: Córdoba Andrés , Montes de Oca Joan M. , Dhanasekaran Johnson , Darling Seth B. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: October 2022

Charged nanoparticles can significantly increase rectification in bipolar nanopores but this effect is largely dependent on the pore's geometry, its charge distribution, and the sign of the nanoparticles' charge.
Tailoring the electrocatalytic activity of porous carbon with heteroatom dopants for the quantification of acetaminophen in pharmaceuticals and biological samples
Authors: Sivaraman Narmatha , Duraisamy Velu , Murugesan Senthil Kumar Sakkarapalayam , Thangamuthu Rangasamy
Published: October 2022

Developing an efficient, metal-free, stable electrocatalyst for electrochemical applications is highly desirable and challenging.
Enantiomeric pairs of meroterpenoids with 11/5/6 spiro-heterocyclic systems from Hypericum kouytchense
Authors: Huang Jin-Chang , Sheng Li , Zong Jian-Fa , Zhou Yu-Bo , Li Jia , Hou Ai-Jun
Published: October 2022

Undescribed enantiomeric pairs of acylphloroglucinol related meroterpenoids with 11/5/6 spiro-heterocyclic systems were isolated from Hypericum kouytchense.
Composite protective effect of benzotriazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on electroplated copper coating
Authors: Chen Huimin , Wang Shuaixing , Liao Zhixiang , Peng Shusen , Du Nan
Published: October 2022

Benzotriazole (BTAH) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are mixed to passivate electroplated copper coatings.
Ultrasensitive detection of β-lactamase-associated drug-resistant bacteria using a novel mass-tagged probe-mediated cascaded signal amplification strategy
Authors: Zhu Jianhua , Bai Yunfei , Chen Xiuyu , Hu Linlin , Zhang Wenjun , Liu Chunyan , Shao Hua , Sun Jianguo , Chen Yun
Published: October 2022

Development of a mass-tagged probe-mediated enzyme- and light-assisted cascaded signal amplification strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of β-lactamase.
Aryl diazonium intermediates enable mild DNA-compatible C–C bond formation for medicinally relevant combinatorial library synthesis
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Zhang Juan , Liu Changyang , Sun Jie , Li Yangfeng , Zhang Gong , Li Yizhou
Published: October 2022

Taking advantage of aryl diazonium intermediates, this work reported a DNA-compatible C–C bond formation strategy, achieving broad substrate scope, exquisite functional group tolerance, and orthogonality to aryl halide-based coupling reactions.
Functional mapping of the 14-3-3 hub protein as a guide to design 14-3-3 molecular glues
Authors: Somsen Bente A. , Craenmehr Fenna W. B. , Liu Wei-Hong W. , Koops Auke A. , Pennings Marloes A. M. , Visser Emira J. , Ottmann Christian , Cossar Peter J. , Brunsveld Luc
Published: October 2022

The functional mapping of a 14-3-3 protein complex, by means of peptide truncations and point mutations, as an approach to identify critical hotspots regions for 14-3-3 molecular glue drug design.
Unexpected chirality transition and inversion mediated by dissolution–aggregation and the odd–even effect
Authors: Ma Yafei , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Ma Haotian , He Zixiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2022

Unexpected chirality transition and inversion at molecular, macromolecular and supramolecular levels were realized by dissolution–aggregation and the odd–even effect, which is helpful for the design of advanced chirality-controllable materials.
Metals and metallic composites as emerging nanocatalysts for fermentative hydrogen production
Authors: Mishra Puranjan , Johnravindar Davidraj , Wong Jonathan W. C. , Zhao Jun
Published: October 2022

The application of nanotechnology in biomass fermentation can significantly increase the hydrogen production rate.
Organic–inorganic hybrid self-pigmenting effect of anodic aluminium oxide membranes
Authors: Zhang Junxi , Zhang Wei , Xu Wei , Xie Kang , Shan Qingsong , Fei Guangtao , Jia Junhui , Zhu Xiaoguang , Zhang Lide , Fan Zhiyong , Zeng Haibo
Published: October 2022

The organic–inorganic hybrid self-pigmenting effect of the anodic aluminium oxide membrane exhibits color conversion with the nanochannel size due to the distribution of anion-contaminated species.
Room temperature phosphorescence of carbon dots activated by layered double hydroxides for application in information encryption
Authors: Wang Ruixing , Zhu Yunjun , Xia Zhaojun , Liang Kaixiang , Kong Lingwei , Liu Jing , Shi Wenying , Lu Chao
Published: October 2022

The three-component CDs-LDHs@PVA with excellent RTP performance is prepared for application in information encryption.
Robust, transparent, and conductive AgNW/MXene composite polyurethane self-healing film for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Wang Zhuochao , Wang Peng , Cao Wenxin , Sun Chunqiang , Song Zicheng , Ji Dongchao , Yang Lei , Han Jiecai , Zhu Jiaqi
Published: October 2022

This work reported a robust, transparent, and conductive AgNW/MXene composite polyurethane self-healing film, which exhibited ultra-low sheet resistance, high transmittance and good EMI shielding effectiveness.
The role of thalamic group II mGlu receptors in health and disease
Authors: Copeland Caroline S. , Salt Thomas E.
Published: October 2022

The thalamus plays a pivotal role in the integration and processing of sensory, motor, and cognitive information. It is therefore important to understand how the thalamus operates in states of both health and disease. In the present review, we discuss the function of the Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors within thalamic circuitry, and how they may represent therapeutic targets in treating disease states associated with thalamic dysfunction.
Spectral properties and energy transfer at kinetic scales in collisionless plasma turbulence
Authors: Arró G. , Califano F. , Lapenta G.
Published: October 2022

Context. Recent satellite observations in the solar wind and in the Earth’s magnetosheath have shown that the turbulent magnetic field spectrum, which is know to steepen around ion scales, has another break at electron scales where it becomes even steeper. The origin of this second spectral break is not yet fully understood, and the shape of the magnetic field spectrum below electron scales is still under debate.

Aims. By means of a fully kinetic simulation of freely decaying plasma turbulence, we study the spectral properties and the energy exchanges characterizing the turbulent cascade in the kinetic range.

Methods. We started by analyzing the magnetic field, electron velocity, and ion velocity spectra at fully developed turbulence. We then investigated the dynamics responsible for the development of the kinetic scale cascade by analyzing the ion and electron filtered energy conversion channels, represented by the electromagnetic work J ⋅ E, pressure–strain interaction −P : ∇ u, and the cross-scale fluxes of electromagnetic (e.m.) energy and fluid flow energy, accounting for the nonlinear scale-to-scale transfer of energy from large to small scales.

Results. We find that the magnetic field spectrum follows the k−α exp(−λ k) law at kinetic scales with α ≃ 2.73 and λ ≃ ρe (where ρe is the electron gyroradius). The same law with α ≃ 0.94 and λ ≃ 0.87ρe is observed in the electron velocity spectrum, but not in the ion velocity spectrum that drops as a steep power law ∼k−3.25 before reaching electron scales. By analyzing the filtered energy conversion channels, we find that electrons play a major role with respect to the ions in driving the magnetic field dynamics at kinetic scales. Our analysis reveals the presence of an indirect electron-driven mechanism that channels the e.m. energy from large to sub-ion scales more efficiently than the direct nonlinear scale-to-scale transfer of e.m. energy. This mechanism consists of three steps. In the first step the e.m. energy is converted into electron fluid flow energy at large scales; in the second step the electron fluid flow energy is nonlinearly transferred toward sub-ion scales; in the final step the electron fluid flow energy is converted back into e.m. energy at sub-ion scales. This electron-driven transfer drives the magnetic field cascade up to fully developed turbulence, after which dissipation becomes dominant and the electrons start to subtract energy from the magnetic field and dissipate it via the pressure–strain interaction at sub-ion scales.
Exploring Optically Fueled Dissipative Self-Assembly of a Redox-Active Perylene Diimide Scaffold
Authors: Chatterjee Oendrila , Pramanik Anup , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: October 2022

Dissipative self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and underlies many complex structures and functions in natural systems. These processes are primarily enabled by the consumption of chemical fuels. However, dissipative self-assembly processes fueled by light have also been parallelly developed, known as optically fueled dissipative self-assembly. Photoswitchable molecules have been widely investigated as prototypical molecular systems for light-driven dissipative self-assembly. Elucidation of optically fueled dissipative self-assembly by a photo-responsive yet non-photoswitchable moiety however remains elusive. This contribution thus demonstrates the first ever report of an optically fueled dissipative self-assembly arising from a redox active perylene diimide scaffold (DIPFPDI). Photo-reduction of neutral DIPFPDI in a poor solvent such as DMF affords its radical anion and repeated irradiation leads to an increased concentration of radical anion, inducing the construction of an H-type aggregate. Nevertheless, dissolved molecular oxygen can efficiently deactivate the radical anions to their neutral precursors and thus the self-assembled state is no longer sustained. The signature of H-type aggregation is deduced from steady-state UV-Vis, fluorescence as well as time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Theoretical insights reveal that dimerization is more feasible in the charged states because of greater delocalization of the excess charge in the charged states. We believe that these findings will infuse new energy into the field of optically fueled dissipative self-assembly of redox-active chromophores.
Highly elastic halochromic fibers capable of reversible sensing of acidic/basic vapor for use in wearable textiles
Authors: Lim Taekyung , Lee Jeong Hui , Yang Keun-Hyeok , Ju Sanghyun , Jeong Sang-Mi
Published: October 2022

Halochromic sensors, which allow users to visually recognize exposure to acid/base chemicals that are harmful to the human body, are routinely used in a wide range of industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, cosmetics, and environmental/human monitoring systems. In this study, halochromic fibers that operate stably, even when exposed to rain or sweat and repeated stretching–releasing, were investigated. While the halochromic mesoporous silica was synthesized using tetraethylorthosilicate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, methyl yellow (MY) and bromothymol blue (BTB) as halochromic dyes were added so that MY and BTB were chemically or physically immobilized on the siloxane network structure of the halochromic mesoporous silica. Using the swelling and shrinking properties of the polymer, the halochromic mesoporous silica was embedded in a highly elastic spandex fiber composed of multiple strands. Because of the strong ionic and hydrogen bonding between the dye and the silica matrix, the dyes can be immobilized even in an aqueous solution without the leaching of the dyes. The stretchable halochromic fiber reversibly changed its color even after repeated exposure to acidic/basic conditions five times and could sense acid/base concentrations in the range of 0.5–10 wt %. In addition, because the halochromic mesoporous silica is tightly adhered between the stands of spandex fibers, stable color conversion properties were maintained even after stretching to 150% of the fibers and repeated 100 times. Because the halochromic fiber can be applied to lab coats, work clothes, and gloves, it is expected to be used as a wearable colorimetric sensor for daily life and industrial applications.
Post-fire resprouting ability in young plants of
Authors: Leite Marilaine Cristina Marques , Leal Alice Souza , Araujo Maycon Anderson , Martins Aline Redondo
Published: October 2022

Fire is an important ecological factor that influences the composition of the Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. In environments where fire is recurrent, tree species with seedlings/saplings that accumulate underground reserves and/or present distinctive underground structures (tuberous roots and root crowns) are more likely to reach maturity. Astronium fraxinifolium Schott is a tree species native to the Cerrado. The tree has xeromorphic characteristics, which perhaps is an adaptation to dry and rocky environments. To evaluate whether these morphological characteristics allow the species to recover from fire, an experiment was conducted where we compared burnt and unburnt saplings of A. fraxinifolium. We verified the emergence of buds closer to the root crown and compared the storage dynamics of lipids, starch, phenolic compounds, and mucilage between the burnt and unburnt saplings. Buds were observed in some of the individuals within 7 days of burning. The burnt saplings showed a high survival rate of 77.8%. Two cotyledonary buds per plant originated from the base of the stem. The rapid recovery of the species could be attributed to the starch reserves in the stems and roots, which helped nourish the buds and the resprouted seedlings. The results of our study showed the resprouting ability of A. fraxinifolium as a survival mechanism in response to fire events.
4 HIGH-PROTEIN, HIGH-CALORIE ICE-CREAM PRESCRIPTION IN AN ORTHOGERIATRIC INPATIENT POPULATION
Authors: Cloney T , Crowley P , Lynch K , Gannon E , McGurk C , Coakley K , Ahern E
Published: October 2022

Background

At a major trauma centre in the South of Ireland, all older adults admitted with hip and other fragility fractures are co-managed by the Orthopaedic & Orthogeriatric services with an average of over 500 hip fractures a year. A recent publication by described improving calcium and protein intake by using dairy foods as a readily accessible intervention that reduces the risk of falls and fractures in aged care residents. Foods used included cheese, yoghurt and milk being described as “low cost” and “palatable”. Other dairy alternatives such as ice-cream are not used as not protein or calcium rich. In Ireland high calorie-high protein ice-cream is widely available (10g protein, 220 kcal/100g serving).

Methods

A point prevalence survey relating to the preference of calcium and/or protein rich food ‘snacks’ was completed on 20 inpatients in hospital with a hip or other fragility fracture.

Survey Questions: (1) Would an additional calcium and/or protein rich food snack be acceptable to you?; (2) Which food snack would you prefer: a serving of milk, cheese, yogurt, or ice-cream?; (3) What time would you prefer to eat an additional snack? Morning, afternoon, or evening?

Results

The majority of participants (95%; 19/20) replied an additional snack would be acceptable. With reference to snack preference: 35% (7/20) would prefer a serving of yoghurt, 30% (6/20) ice-cream, 25% (5/20) cheese and only 10% (2/20) would prefer milk. The majority said they would prefer to be offered a snack in the afternoon (55%; 11/20).

Conclusion

Our inpatient population would benefit from the addition of such snacks to optimise recovery and bone health. Patient preference needs to inform any dietary or menu modifications. Following our survey, in addition to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, high-protein high-calorie ice-cream is offered and prescribed to patients if eating less than 50% of their energy dense meals.
5 THE WEALTH SHIELD: A MICROSIMULATION OF INEQUALITIES, INHERITANCE AND THE IRISH FAIR DEAL
Authors: Köppe S , Szelewa D
Published: October 2022

Background

The article analyses the inequalities resulting from the long-term funding scheme in Ireland with a unique focus on intergenerational obligations. With the Fair Deal scheme of 2009, officially the Nursing Homes Support Scheme (NHSS), Ireland introduced a unique inheritance clawback clause. The state covers long term care costs for those in need up-front and claims the costs back from the estate after the older person deceases. The article focusses on the emerging income and wealth inequalities and intergenerational redistributive effects.

Methods

We estimate micro simulations to show the distributional effects based on income and housing wealth. The simulations are based on aggregate data from the Central Statistics Office, Nursing Homes Ireland, Eurostat and the European Central Bank. Each simulation estimates the individual contributions based on 50, 100, 150 and 200 percent of average income and wealth, while keeping either income or wealth constant at the average. Based on average nursing home fees, the simulations show the relative contributions from the state, income and wealth. These simulations are contrasted to the funding gaps of the old subvention scheme in place until 2009.

Results

The Fair Deal has expanded eligibility to the middle class and shields property wealth after three years. Nursing home residents with above average pension income and housing wealth benefit disproportionately from the reform and can pass on more relative wealth to their kin. Overall, the wealth distribution of the Fair Deal scheme is regressive, despite the inclusion of the middle class.

Conclusion

The increased eligibility of the fair deal has the benefit of increased legitimacy for the welfare state. However, considerable inequalities of risks exposure remain as less than 50 percent of older people will need nursing home care. Estimations for a long-term care insurance scheme at 3 percent social contributions would reduce the lifetime wealth contribution of nursing home residents by about 35 percent.
7 LEARNING FROM THE FALLS ANALYSIS OF OLDER PEOPLE ADMITTED TO AN IRISH POST-ACUTE REHABILITATION SERVICE
Authors: Reynolds A , Landers R
Published: October 2022

Background

Thirty percent of community-dwelling older adults fall each year with 10% suffering a severe injury often resulting in hospital admission. To deliver effective falls prevention a thorough falls history is required. The objective of this study was to complete a SPLATT (symptoms before fall, previous falls, location of fall, activity at time of fall, time of day and trauma sustained) analysis of falls that resulted in an acute hospital admission reported by older people on admission to the post-acute rehabilitation unit.

Methods

Older people admitted to rehabilitation post fall that resulted in acute admission were included in this study. The SPLATT analysis was completed on OT initial assessment. Data was anonymized and recorded using Microsoft excel.

Results

A total of 61 falls were included in the analysis. Participants were all older people admitted to post-acute rehabilitation (female= 48, male= 13). 93% reported no symptoms before their fall. Almost half (43%) had experienced previous falls. Most falls (51%) happened at home with most of these (29%) occurring in the bedroom. A significant proportion (30%) happened in the community. The most common cause of fall was a loss of balance (32%) while completing a reaching or functional task. Most falls (87%) happened during the day but of those who fell at night, 62.5% occurred while trying to use the toilet. The majority (82%) of the falls lead to a significant trauma – hip fracture.

Conclusion

The results of this study supports that falls prevention interventions for rehabilitation service users should incorporate functional training both at home and in the community. The individual SPLATT analysis could support the design of a falls prevention intervention tailored to the person’s needs and history.
9 EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTIONS TO SUPPORT THE TRANSITION HOME AFTER ACUTE STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: O'Callaghan G , Fahy M , Murphy P , Langhorne P , Galvin R , Horgan F
Published: October 2022

Background

There are considerable gaps in knowledge about effective support interventions to manage the transition to home after stroke. This systematic review looked at the effectiveness of support interventions at transition from structured stroke services to independent living at home.

Methods

We searched, up to June 2021, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and six databases including MEDLINE and Embase; and extended to trial registries, grey literature, and Google Scholar.

We included randomised controlled trials recruiting stroke patients to receive either usual care or any support intervention from structured stroke services to home. The primary outcome was functional status.

Two authors determined eligibility, extracted data, assessed risk of bias (ROB2) and certainty of evidence (GRADE). Where possible we performed meta-analyses using Risk Ratios (RR) or Mean Differences(MD).

Results

We included 17 studies. Support interventions led to important improvements in functional status, measured by Barthel Index up to 3-months (MD 7.87 points, 95%CI:6.84 to 19.16; 620 participants; five studies; I2=77%). Results in the medium to long-term demonstrated small but significant functional gains (6-12 month follow-up; MD 2.91 points, 95%CI:0.03 to 5.81; 1207 participants; six studies; I2=84%). Certainty of evidence was low.

Support interventions may improve quality of life up to 3-months (MD 1.3,95% CI:0.84 to 1.76), and reduce depression (SMD –0.1,95% CI:-0.29 to –0.05) and anxiety (MD –1.18,95% CI:-1.84 to –0.52) at 6 –12 months. Effects on other secondary outcomes remain inconclusive.

Conclusion

Incorporating support interventions at hospital-to-home discharge can improve functional status and other outcomes when transitioning home after a stroke. Due to study heterogeneity, the key elements of a successful transition of care interventions remain unclear. Adoption of core outcome sets in stroke research would allow for greater comparison across studies; while applying a development and evaluation framework, and engaging stakeholders, would increase understanding of stroke survivor priorities and key elements of a transition intervention.