bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal digital archiving: influencing factors and challenges to practices
Authors: Sinn Donghee , Kim Sujin , Syn Sue Yeon
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the associations of personal archiving behaviors to factors and challenges that have been assumed to affect personal digital archiving strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This study created an online survey to understand general patterns of personal digital archiving practices and related phenomena. The survey was employed to investigate to what extent people show a certain behavior or feel certain factors and challenge when archiving personal digital content.

Findings

Some of the findings of this study regarding specific personal digital archiving practices were in accordance with existing studies. However, the associations between digital archiving challenges and archiving practices were not observed statistically significantly as assumed in previous studies. General technology efficacy and the awareness of the importance of personal records appeared to influence personal archiving practices.

Research limitations/implications

This study used Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. As this is not a commonly used internet service, the workers here could have higher than average levels of internet efficacy. This possibility may have affected the demographics, and the survey responses may be biased in this respect.

Practical implications

As the study results suggest that technology efficacy and personal heritage awareness are the influencing factors of personal digital archiving, these are the areas where information professionals can involve in assisting users for future cultural heritage.

Originality/value

This is the first study that develops measures for personal digital archiving related practices and perceptions that the previous qualitative studies have identified. With these measures, it examines the general status of individuals’ archiving strategies and the overall associations of digital archiving challenges as well as looking into other technological and personal factors.
Research data management in Turkey: perceptions and practices
Authors: Aydinoglu Arsev Umur , Dogan Guleda , Taskin Zehra
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The massive increase in research data being produced nowadays has highlighted the importance of research data management (RDM) to science. Research data not only have to be cost effective but also reliable, discoverable, accessible, and reusable. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions and practices of Turkish researchers on the subject of RDM.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was distributed to the academicians in 25 universities in Turkey, and 532 responses were gathered.

Findings

Results indicate that although Turkish researchers are aware of the benefits of data management, are willing to share their research data with certain groups, and have decent preservation habits, they express that they lack the technical skills and knowledge needed for RDM. In addition, no institutionalized support (staff, training, software, and hardware) is provided to researchers.

Research limitations/implications

A well-structured data strategy or policy that includes resource allocation (awareness, training, software/hardware) and is supported by Turkish research agencies is required for better data management practices among researchers in Turkey.

Originality/value

This is the first study that investigates the data practices of Turkish academics who produce around 30,000 scientific articles annually that are indexed by Web of Science. It contributes to the growing literature on RDM.
A Pseudo‐One Compartment Model of Phosphorus Kinetics During Hemodialysis: Further Supporting Evidence
Authors: Leypoldt John K. , Agar Baris U. , Cheung Alfred K. , Bernardo Angelito A.
Published: May 2017

A pseudo‐one compartment model has been proposed to describe phosphorus kinetics during hemodialysis and the immediate post‐dialysis period. This model assumes that phosphorus mobilization from tissues is proportional to the difference between the pre‐dialysis serum concentration (a constant) and the instantaneous serum concentration. The current study is exploratory and evaluated the ability of a pseudo‐one compartment model to describe the kinetics of phosphorus during two short hemodialysis treatments separated by a 60‐min inter‐treatment period without dialysis; the latter is the post‐dialysis rebound period for the first short hemodialysis treatment. Serum was collected frequently during both hemodialysis treatments and the inter‐treatment period to assess phosphorus kinetics in 21 chronic hemodialysis patients. Phosphorus mobilization clearance and pre‐dialysis central distribution volume were previously estimated for each patient during the first hemodialysis treatment and the inter‐treatment period. Assuming those kinetic parameters remained constant for each patient, serum phosphorus concentrations during the second treatment were used to estimate the driving force concentration (Cdf) for phosphorus mobilization from tissues during the second treatment. Treatment time (117 ± 14 [mean ± standard deviation] vs. 117 ± 14 min), dialyzer phosphorus clearance (151 ± 25 vs. 140 ± 32 mL/min), and net fluid removal (1.44 ± 0.74 vs. 1.47 ± 0.76 L) were similar during both short hemodialysis treatments. Measured phosphorus concentration at the start of the second hemodialysis treatment (3.3 ± 0.9 mg/dL) was lower (P < 0.001) than at the start of the first treatment or Cpre (5.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL). Calculated Cdf was 4.9 ± 2.0 mg/dL, not significantly different from Cpre (P = 0.12). Cdf and Cpre were correlated (R = 0.72, P < 0.001). The results from this study demonstrate that the driving force concentration for phosphorus mobilization during hemodialysis is constant and not different from that pre‐dialysis, providing further evidence supporting a fundamental assumption of the pseudo‐one compartment model.
The Role of Friendship Reciprocity in University Freshmen's Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Giese Helge , Stok F. Marijn , Renner Britta
Published: May 2017

Background

The similarity of friends in the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption is explored.

Method

During their first semester, 57 psychology freshmen indicated weekly drinking frequency and quantity and nominated the three peers of this group they liked most. These nominations were then used to derive the weekly alcohol consumption of friends that either did or did not reciprocate a nomination.

Results

Multilevel modeling of weekly variations showed that individuals' drinking frequency was similar to peers who reciprocated a friendship (b = 0.15, p = .001), but not to non‐reciprocating peers (b = −0.01, p = .720). In contrast, weekly variation in quantity of individual students' drinking was similar to both reciprocating (b = 0.11, p = .018) and non‐reciprocating peers’ drinking (b = 0.10, p = .014). Yet across all weeks, quantity tended only to be similar to non‐reciprocating peers (b = 0.49, p = .020).

Conclusions

Freshmen might spend drinking time with peers who reciprocate a friendship, but are similar regarding the quantity of drinks consumed to all people they find interesting. Thus, alcohol consumption is used strategically for social purposes. This social purpose should also be acknowledged in alcohol‐reduction interventions.
A rapid analytical method of major milk proteins by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ma Lu , Yang Yongxin , Chen Jingting , Wang Jiaqi , Bu Dengpan
Published: May 2017

A reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method with rapid and automated analysis, good separation, high resolution, high accuracy and reproducible results was successfully developed and used to separate and quantify the major cow milk proteins within 30 min analytical time. Standard solutions of single purified cow milk proteins were used to develop calibration equations. The RP‐HPLC method was validated with respect to intra‐day repeatability, inter‐day precision, linearity, accuracy and limit of detection (LOD). The recoveries of the RP‐HPLC analyses of major milk proteins from cows ranged 71.0–114%, the inter‐day precision was expressed as the relative standard deviation, and the ranged from 1.51 to 4.60% and the LOD ranged from 0.08 g/L to 0.28 g/L. Major proteins in cow were quantified according to the chromatographic profiles. Results showed that a rapid RP‐HPLC method for quantifying the major cow milk proteins was developed, which could be used to determine milk protein contents in the dairy industry.
Does body image influence the relationship between body weight and breastfeeding maintenance in new mothers?
Authors: Swanson Vivien , Keely Alice , Denison Fiona C.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Obese women have lower breastfeeding initiation and maintenance rates than healthy weight women. Research generally focuses on biomedical explanations for this. Psychosocial factors including body image and well‐being after childbirth are less well understood as predictors of breastfeeding. In obese and healthy weight women, we investigated changes in body image between 72 hrs post‐delivery and 6–8 weeks post‐natal, studying how women's body image related to breastfeeding initiation and maintenance. We also investigated how psychological distress was related to body image.

Design

Longitudinal semi‐structured questionnaire survey.

Methods

Body image and psychological distress were assessed within 72 hrs of birth and by postal questionnaire at 6–8 weeks, for 70 obese and 70 healthy weight women initiating exclusive (breastmilk only) breastfeeding or mixed feeding (with formula milk) in hospital. Breastfeeding was re‐assessed at 6–8 weeks.

Results

Obese women were less likely to exclusively breastfeed in hospital and maintain breastfeeding to 6–8 weeks. Better body image was related to maintaining breastfeeding and to lower post‐natal psychological distress for all women, but education level was the most significant predictor of maintenance in multivariate regression including body image and weight status. Body image mediated, but did not moderate the relationship between weight and breastfeeding maintenance. Body image was lower overall in obese women, but all women had low body image satisfaction around childbirth, reducing further at 6–8 weeks.

Conclusions

Health professionals should consider women's body image when discussing breastfeeding. A focus on breast function over form may support breastfeeding for all women.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Obesity can negatively affect breastfeeding initiation and maintenance, but there is little information about how psychosocial factors affect this relationship. Body image may be an important factor, but has not been studied in relation to breastfeeding maintenance.

What does this study add

This article examines the influence of body image on obese and healthy‐weight women's breastfeeding maintenance at 6–8 weeks.

Different aspects of body image mediated but did not moderate the relationship between weight status and breastfeeding maintenance, but in multivariate regression, maternal education level was the most significant predictor.

Obese women had poorer body image and were less likely to maintain breastfeeding; however, for all women, body image became more negative in this postpartum period.

Interventions should normalize positive aspects of women's postnatal bodies, including function rather than form. Addressing body concerns could encourage new mothers to maintain breastfeeding, irrespective of weight status.
Institutional apologies and socio‐emotional climate in the South American context
Authors: Bobowik Magdalena , Páez Darío , Arnoso Maitane , Cárdenas Manuel , Rimé Bernard , Zubieta Elena , Muratori Marcela
Published: May 2017

This study examined perceptions of institutional apologies related to past political violence and socio‐emotional climate among victims and non‐victims in Argentina (n = 518), Chile (n = 1,278), and Paraguay (n = 1,172) based on quasi‐representative samples. The perceptions of apology as sincere and efficient in improving intergroup relations were associated with a positive socio‐emotional climate across the three nations. Victims evaluated apologies more positively and perceived a more positive socio‐emotional climate compared to non‐victims in Paraguay and Argentina, whereas the opposite was true in Chile where the government opposed the victims’ leftist political orientation. The evaluations of apologies also mediated the effects of exposure to violence on the perception of socio‐emotional climate, but these effects were moderated by the context. Together, these findings suggest that apologies reinforce positive sociopolitical climate, and that, personal experience of victimization is an important factor determining these effects.
Is higher inequality less legitimate? Depends on How You Frame it!
Authors: Bruckmüller Susanne , Reese Gerhard , Martiny Sarah E.
Published: May 2017

Economic inequality is increasing both globally and in various countries around the world, and such inequality has been linked to worsening health, well‐being, and social cohesion. A key predictor for whether people take action against inequality is the extent to which they perceive it as illegitimate. We investigate how two variables jointly predict the legitimization of inequality, namely the perceived magnitude of differences in economic outcomes and the way these differences are described. Two experiments (total N = 190) tested whether framing the same difference in outcomes as an advantaged group having more or as a disadvantaged group having less moderates whether higher inequality is perceived as less legitimate. Participants perceived bigger differences as less legitimate when these differences were framed as the disadvantaged group having less. When they were framed as the advantaged group having more, the perceived magnitude of differences and legitimacy beliefs were unrelated. Together, this research highlights the importance of language for how people perceive and respond to inequality.
Translation of WNT developmental programs into stem cell replacement strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Toledo Enrique M , Gyllborg Daniel , Arenas Ernest
Published: May 2017

Wnt signalling is a highly conserved pathway across species that is critical for normal development and is deregulated in multiple disorders including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Wnt signalling is critically required for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development and maintenance. Understanding the molecular processes controlled by Wnt signalling may thus hold the key to understand the physiopathology and to develop novel therapies aimed at preventing the loss of mDA neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological tools to activate Wnt signalling have been used to translate in vivo developmental processes into protocols for the generation of bona fide mDA neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, these protocols are currently being fine‐tuned to generate mDA neurons for clinical trials in PD. At the same time, a vast amount of molecular details of Wnt signalling continues to emerge and remains to be implemented into new protocols. We hereby review novel pharmacological tools to activate Wnt signalling and how single‐cell RNA‐sequencing is contributing to unravel the complexity of this pathway in the developing human ventral midbrain, generating novel hypotheses and identifying new players and opportunities to further improve cell replacement therapy for PD.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Combination therapy with telmisartan and parecoxib induces regression of endometriotic lesions
Authors: Nenicu Anca , Gu Yuan , Körbel Christina , Menger Michael D , Laschke Matthias W
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose

Telmisartan suppresses the development of endometriotic lesions. However, the drug also up‐regulates the expression of COX‐2, which has been suggested to promote the progression of endometriosis. Accordingly, in the present study we analysed whether a combination therapy with telmisartan and a COX‐2 inhibitor may be more effective in the treatment of endometriotic lesions than the application of telmisartan alone.

Experimental Approach

Endometriotic lesions were induced in the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice, which were treated daily with an i.p. injection of telmisartan (10 mg·kg−1), parecoxib (5 mg·kg−1), a combination of telmisartan and parecoxib or vehicle. Therapeutic effects on lesion survival, growth, vascularization, innervation and protein expression were studied over 4 weeks by high‐resolution ultrasound imaging as well as immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses.

Key Results

Telmisartan‐treated lesions exhibited a significantly reduced lesion volume when compared with vehicle‐treated controls and parecoxib‐treated lesions. This inhibitory effect of telmisartan was even more pronounced when it was used in combination with parecoxib. The combination therapy resulted in a reduced microvessel density as well as lower numbers of proliferating Ki67‐positive cells and higher numbers of apoptotic cleaved caspase‐3‐positive stromal cells within the lesions. This was associated with a lower expression of COX‐2, MMP‐9 and p‐Akt/Akt when compared with controls. The application of the two drugs further inhibited the ingrowth of nerve fibres into the lesions.

Conclusions and Implications

Combination therapy with telmisartan and a COX‐2 inhibitor represents a novel, effective pharmacological strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.
Vitamin D receptor agonists regulate ocular developmental angiogenesis and modulate expression of dre‐miR‐21 and VEGF
Authors: Merrigan Stephanie L , Kennedy Breandán N
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose

Pathological growth of ocular vasculature networks can underpin visual impairment in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Our aim was to uncover novel pharmacological regulators of ocular angiogenesis by phenotype‐based screening in zebrafish.

Experimental Approach

A bioactive chemical library of 465 drugs was screened to identify small molecule inhibitors of ocular hyaloid vasculature (HV) angiogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Selectivity was assessed by evaluation of non‐ocular intersegmental vasculature development. Safety pharmacology examined visual behaviour and retinal histology in larvae. Molecular mechanisms of action were scrutinized using expression profiling of target mRNAs and miRNAs in larval eyes.

Key Results

Library screening identified 10 compounds which significantly inhibited HV developmental angiogenesis. The validated hit calcitriol selectively demonstrated dose‐dependent attenuation of HV development. In agreement, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists paricalcitol, doxercalciferol, maxacalcitol, calcipotriol, seocalcitol, calcifediol and tacalcitol significantly and selectively attenuated HV development. VDR agonists induced minor ocular morphology abnormalities and affected normal visual function. Calcitriol induced a three to sevenfold increase in ocular dre‐miR‐21 expression. Consistently, all‐trans‐retinoic acid attenuated HV development and increased ocular dre‐miR‐21 expression. Interestingly, zebrafish ocular vegfaa and vegfab expression was significantly increased while, vegfc, flt1 and kdrl expression was unchanged by calcitriol.

Conclusion and Implications

These studies identified VDR agonists as significant and selective anti‐angiogenics in the developing vertebrate eye and miR21 as a key downstream regulated miRNA. These targets should be further evaluated as molecular hallmarks of, and therapeutic targets for pathological ocular neovascularization.
The saponin D39 blocks dissociation of non‐muscular myosin heavy chain IIA from TNF receptor 2, suppressing tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis
Authors: Zhai Ke‐feng , Zheng Jin‐rong , Tang You‐mei , Li Fang , Lv Yan‐ni , Zhang Yuan‐yuan , Gao Zhen , Qi Jin , Yu Bo‐yang , Kou Jun‐ping
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose

Non‐muscular myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA) plays a key role in tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis. Natural products might inhibit thrombosis through effects on NMMHC IIA. Here, we have shown that a natural saponin, D39, from Liriope muscari exerted anti‐thrombotic activity in vivo, by targeting NMMHC IIA.

Experimental Approach

Expression and activity of tissue factor in endothelial cells were analysed in vitro by Western blot and simplified chromogenic assays. Interactions between D39 and NMMHC IIA were assessed by serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis. D39‐dependent interactions between NMMHC IIA and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) were measured by immunofluorescence, co‐immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Anti‐thrombotic activity of D39 in vivo was evaluated with a model of inferior vena cava ligation injury in mice.

Key Results

D39 inhibited tissue factor expression and procoagulant activities in HUVECs and decreased thrombus weight in inferior vena cava‐ligated mice dose‐dependently. Serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis suggested that D39 bound to NMMHC IIA. In HEK293T cells, D39 inhibited tissue factor expression evoked by NMMHC IIA overexpression. This effect was blocked by NMMHC IIA knockdown in HUVECs. D39 inhibited dissociation of NMMHC IIA from TNFR2, which subsequently modulated the Akt/GSK3β–NF‐κB signalling pathways.

Conclusions and Implications

D39 inhibited tissue factor expression and thrombus formation by modulating the Akt/GSK3β and NF‐κB signalling pathways through NMMHC IIA. We identified a new natural product that targeted NMMHC IIA, as a potential treatment for thrombotic disorders and other vasculopathies.
The comparative study of empathy: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective‐taking in non‐human animals
Authors: Pérez‐Manrique Ana , Gomila Antoni
Published: May 2017

While empathy is a century‐old psychological concept, its study in non‐human animals has become the focus of much recent scientific interest, as it promises to provide the clues to understand the evolutionary origins of our social and moral nature. A review of the comparative study of empathy is thus timely to complement and constrain anthropocentric views, and to integrate current findings. However, this is not an easy task. The study of animal empathy has developed using different paradigms, different concepts of the phenomena involved, and the absence of a systematic program. Herein, we carry out a comprehensive review of the literature on complex forms of empathy in non‐human animals: sympathetic concern and empathic perspective‐taking. In particular, we focus on consolation and targeted helping, as the best examples of each category. In so doing, we try to shed light on the current debate concerning whether these phenomena are exclusively human traits. First, we try to clarify the terminology and taxonomy of forms of empathy, providing operative criteria for these phenomena that are applicable to both human and non‐human animals. Second, we discuss whether the available evidence qualifies such behaviour as empathic. Third, we aim to provide an integrative view of the field, clarifying the challenges and conditions to satisfy. We also hope to highlight the importance of the study of these processes for elucidating the evolutionary history of this capacity across the animal kingdom.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of diverticular disease – a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Aune D. , Sen A. , Leitzmann M. F. , Tonstad S. , Norat T. , Vatten L. J.
Published: May 2017

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify whether tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of diverticular disease.

Method

The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies of smoking and diverticular disease up to 19 February 2016. Prospective studies that reported adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diverticular disease associated with current or previous smoking were included. Summary RRs were estimated using a random effects model.

Results

We identified five prospective studies which comprised 6076 cases of incident diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis) among 385 291 participants and three studies with 1118 cases of complications related to diverticular disease (abscess or perforation) among 292 965. The summary RR for incident diverticular disease was 1.36 (95% CI 1.15–1.61, I2 = 84%, n = 4) for current smokers, 1.17 (95% CI 1.05–1.31, I2 = 49%, n = 4) for former smokers and 1.29 (95% CI 1.16–1.44, I2 = 62%, n = 5) for ever smokers. The summary RR was 1.11 (95% CI 0.99–1.25, I2 = 82%, n = 4) per 10 cigarettes per day. Although there was some indication of nonlinearity there was a dose‐dependent positive association with increasing number of cigarettes smoked per day. There was some evidence that smoking also increases the risk of complications of diverticular disease, but the number of studies was small.

Conclusion

The current meta‐analysis provides evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with an increased incidence of diverticular disease and related complications.
Natural distribution of Verticillium wilt on invasive Ailanthus altissima in eastern Austria and its potential for biocontrol
Authors: Maschek O. , Halmschlager E.
Published: May 2017

Ailanthus altissima is a highly invasive tree species that has become established in warmer climatic zones of Europe. Verticillium wilt shows promise for biocontrol of this invasive tree species. In this study, we conducted a survey on the natural distribution of Verticillium species on A. altissima in eastern Austria. Results of a survey, across the range of A. altissima in Austria, indicated a widespread distribution of V. dahliae (56 of 77 sampled sites) and a rare occurrence of V. nonalfalfae (two of 77 sites). All sites positive for Verticillium spp. were situated at 130 m to 240 m above sea level. In addition, pathogenicity and virulence of an Austrian isolate of V. nonalfalfae, which is considered the most effective Verticillium species as biocontrol agent against A. altissima, were tested in field inoculations studies. Results revealed that disease progression on A. altissima is negatively influenced by high temperatures in summer. Therefore, inoculation in spring turned out to be the most effective to combat A. altissima. However, due to the common occurrence of V. dahliae in Austria, this pathogen might be considered as alternative biocontrol agent of A. altissima on sites in warmer climates. For that purpose, further investigations of the host range and non‐target effects of selected V. dahliae strains should be carried out.
Neuropeptide S precursor knockout mice display memory and arousal deficits
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Si Wei , Garau Celia , Jüngling Kay , Pape Hans‐Christian , Schulz Stefan , Reinscheid Rainer K.
Published: May 2017

Activation of neuropeptide S (NPS) signaling has been found to produce arousal, wakefulness, anxiolytic‐like behaviors, and enhanced memory formation. In order to further study physiological functions of the NPS system, we generated NPS precursor knockout mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. NPS−/− mice were viable, fertile, and anatomically normal, when compared to their wild‐type and heterozygous littermates. The total number of NPS neurons—although no longer synthesizing the peptide – was not affected by the knockout, as analyzed in NPS−/−/NPSEGFP double transgenic mice. Analysis of behavioral phenotypes revealed significant deficits in exploratory activity in NPS−/− mice. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed attenuated arousal in the hole board test, visible as reduced total nose pokes and number of holes inspected, that was not confounded by increased repetitive or stereotypic behavior. Importantly, long‐term memory was significantly impaired in NPS−/− mice in the inhibitory avoidance paradigm. NPS precursor knockout mice displayed mildly increased anxiety‐like behaviors in three different tests measuring responses to stress and novelty. Interestingly, heterozygous littermates often presented behavioral deficits similar to NPS−/− mice or displayed intermediate phenotype. These observations may suggest limited ligand availability in critical neural circuits. Overall, phenotypical changes in NPS−/− mice are similar to those observed in NPS receptor knockout mice and support earlier findings that suggest major functions of the NPS system in arousal, regulation of anxiety and stress, and memory formation.
The geography of spatial synchrony
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Anderson Thomas L. , Kastens Jude H. , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Reuman Daniel C.
Published: May 2017

Spatial synchrony, defined as correlated temporal fluctuations among populations, is a fundamental feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of synchrony remain poorly understood. Few studies have examined detailed geographical patterns of synchrony; instead most focus on how synchrony declines with increasing linear distance between locations, making the simplifying assumption that distance decay is isotropic. By synthesising and extending prior work, we show how geography of synchrony, a term which we use to refer to detailed spatial variation in patterns of synchrony, can be leveraged to understand ecological processes including identification of drivers of synchrony, a long‐standing challenge. We focus on three main objectives: (1) showing conceptually and theoretically four mechanisms that can generate geographies of synchrony; (2) documenting complex and pronounced geographies of synchrony in two important study systems; and (3) demonstrating a variety of methods capable of revealing the geography of synchrony and, through it, underlying organism ecology. For example, we introduce a new type of network, the synchrony network, the structure of which provides ecological insight. By documenting the importance of geographies of synchrony, advancing conceptual frameworks, and demonstrating powerful methods, we aim to help elevate the geography of synchrony into a mainstream area of study and application.
The Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Migraine in Primary Care
Authors: Becker Werner J.
Published: May 2017

Background

Chronic migraine is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population, and causes significant disability.

Objective

To summarize optimal involvement of primary care physicians in chronic migraine care, and to provide algorithms to assist them in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic migraine.

Methods

An analysis of diagnostic and treatment needs in chronic migraine, based on a synthesis of the medical literature and clinical experience.

Results

Chronic migraine represents the more severe end of the migraine spectrum, usually arises out of previous episodic migraine, and is characterized by headache on 15 days a month or more. Importantly, the headache needs to meet migraine diagnostic criteria on only 8 days a month in order to meet chronic migraine diagnostic criteria. When acute medication overuse is present, a second diagnosis of medication overuse headache should be made. If patients meet criteria for chronic migraine, this excludes a diagnosis of chronic tension‐type headache.

Acute therapy of chronic migraine is similar to episodic migraine, except that medication overuse is a much greater risk in chronic migraine and must be addressed. All patients should be considered for pharmacological prophylaxis, and the behavioral aspects of therapy should be emphasized. The two prophylactic drugs with the best evidence for efficacy in chronic migraine are topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA. Given the disability caused by chronic migraine, these should both be available to patients as necessary.

Conclusion

Management of chronic migraine is complex, and many patients are relatively refractory to therapy. Specialist referral will often be required and should not be unduly delayed. On the other hand, the primary care physician should be able to make the diagnosis, initiate therapy, and manage some less refractory patients without referral. The timing of referral should depend both on the expertise of the primary care physician in headache management and the patient's response to initial therapy.
The kinetics of thermally induced isomerisation of trilinolenin, an improved gas chromatography study
Authors: Jiang Fan , Guo Qin , Li Qingpeng , Jin Jing , Ha Yiming
Published: May 2017

The isomerisation reaction kinetics of heated trilinolenin was examined to better understand the mechanisms and controlling steps of the reaction. Trilinolenin was placed in glass ampoules and sealed before heating to 200, 220, 230 and 240 °C for regular time intervals. The contents were analysed using a newly established gas chromatography (GC) method that had been successfully applied to the separation of trans linolenic acid (TLNA) isomers. The kinetic studies show that the consumption of LNA is a second‐order reaction while the formations of trans LNA (TLNA) isomers are zero‐order reactions. The rate of the isomerisation reactions increases steadily with temperature and time, and the isomerisation mechanisms involved in the formation of TLNA isomers during heating are verified. These results suggest that controlling the formation of single TLNA isomers may be a key way to reduce TLNA isomers during heating of edible oils.
Mixed alkaline‐earth effect on the mechanical and rheological properties of Ca–Mg silicate glasses
Authors: Shan Zhitao , Li Changjiu , Tao Haizheng
Published: May 2017

In this article, we investigate the mixed alkaline‐earth effect in a silicate glass series with varying the molar ratio of [MgO]/([CaO]+[MgO]). This effect manifests itself as a minimum in Vickers microhardness (HV), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and isokom temperatures at 1012(Tg) and 102 Pa·s, and as a maximum in liquid fragility. To probe the structural origin of the mixed alkaline‐earth effect in CTE and Hv, we conducted the Raman measurements. In contrast to the aluminosilicate glasses, the present glass series exhibit a negative deviation of shift of peak position at ~1100 cm−1 from a linear additivity, indicating the role of the aluminum speciation in affecting the vibration modes. By fitting the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamann equation to the high‐temperature viscosity data, we found a near‐linear increase of the fractional free volume with the gradual substitution of Ca by Mg, confirming the dynamic structural mismatch model describing the mixed modifier effect. This work gives insight into the mixed modifier effect in glassy systems.
Potential of betabaculoviruses to control the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)
Authors: Gómez Valderrama J. A. , Barrera G. , López‐Ferber M. , Belaich M. , Ghiringhelli P. D. , Villamizar L.
Published: May 2017

The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) is a devastating pest, causing losses of up to 100%. An interesting tool for its control is the use of the insect specific viruses of Baculoviridae family. Despite its high potential, its use on T. absoluta larvae has been poorly studied. In this work, Colombian granuloviruses VG013 and VG003 isolated from T. absoluta and Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) larvae sampled in tomato and potato crops, respectively, were morphologically, biologically and molecularly characterized. Occlusion bodies showed ovoid shape containing one nucleocapsid. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed a pattern similar to Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus and bioinformatics studies showed that both isolates are variants of that baculovirus specie. Similar mean lethal concentrations (LC50) on T. absoluta larvae were estimated for both viruses, although VG013 exhibited shorter mean time to death than VG003. The latter reached a higher OBs yield in comparison with VG013. These results demonstrated an interesting potential of evaluated betabaculoviruses to control T. absoluta populations and pointed key features to its use under field conditions.
Total knee replacement: Are there any baseline factors that have influence in patient reported outcomes?
Authors: Escobar A. , García Pérez L. , Herrera‐Espiñeira C. , Aizpuru F. , Sarasqueta C. , Gonzalez Sáenz de Tejada M. , Quintana J.M. , Bilbao A.
Published: May 2017

Background

There is conflicting evidence about what factors influence outcomes after total knee replacement (TKR). The objective is to identify baseline factors that differentiate patients who achieve both, minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and a patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) in pain and function, measured by WOMAC, after TKR from those who do not attain scores above the cutoff in either of these dimensions.

Methods

One‐year prospective multicentre study. Patients completed WOMAC, SF‐12, EQ‐5D, expectations, other joint problems and sociodemographic data while in the waiting list, and 1‐year post‐TKR. Dependent variable was a combination of MCID and PASS in both dimensions (yes/no). Univariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to study how these variables grouped into different factors.

Results

Total sample comprised 492 patients. Mean (SD) age was 71.3 (6.9), and there were a 69.7% of women. Of the total, 106 patients did not attain either MCID or PASS in either dimension, and 230 exceeded both thresholds in both dimensions. In the univariate analysis, 13 variables were associated with belonging to one group or another. These 13 variables were included in EFA; 3 factors were extracted: expectations, mental health, and other joints problems. The percentage of variance explained by the 3 factors was 80.4%.

Conclusion

We have found 2 modifiable baseline factors, expectations and mental health, that should be properly managed by different specialist. Indication of TKR should take into account these modifiable factors for improving outcomes after TKR.
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: A case report with radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Higuchi Kayoko , Shimojo Hisashi , Fujinaga Yasunari , Kadoya Masumi , Shiohara Shigeki
Published: May 2017

Herein, we report a rare case of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the uterus with radiologic–pathologic correlation in a 56‐year‐old postmenopausal woman. On T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the tumor appeared as a hypointense irregular mass compared with the surrounding myometrium of the uterine corpus and encircled the cavity of the lower uterine segment. On dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR images, the tumor appeared as a hypovascular mass and an inhomogeneously hyperintense mass in the delayed phase. In addition, non‐contrast computed tomography images showed some spotty areas of very high density within the tumor. These radiologic findings were well correlated with the histological features, such as abundant hyalinization and calcification within the tumor. Accurate interpretation of MR and computed tomography findings was helpful to differentiate epithelioid trophoblastic tumor from other gestational trophoblastic diseases and uterine carcinomas.
Is the Linné impact crater morphology influenced by the rheological layering on the Moon's surface? Insights from numerical modeling
Authors: Martellato Elena , Vivaldi Valerio , Massironi Matteo , Cremonese Gabriele , Marzari Francesco , Ninfo Andrea , Haruyama Junichi
Published: May 2017

Linné is a simple crater, with a diameter of 2.23 km and a depth of 0.52 km, located in northwestern Mare Serenitatis. Recent high‐resolution data acquired by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera revealed that the shape of this impact structure is best described by an inverted truncated‐cone. We perform morphometric measurements, including slope and profile curvature, on the Digital Terrain Model of Linné, finding the possible presence of three subtle topographic steps, at the elevation of +20, −100, and −200 m relative to the target surface. The kink at −100 m might be related to the interface between two different rheological layers. Using the iSALE shock physics code, we numerically model the formation of Linné crater to derive hints on the possible impact conditions and target physical properties. In the initial setup, we adopt a basaltic projectile impacting the Moon with a speed of 18 km s−1. For the local surface, we consider either one or two layers, in order to test the influence of material properties or composite rheologies on the final crater morphology. The one‐layer model shows that the largest variations in the crater shape take place when either the cohesion or the friction coefficient is varied. In particular, a cohesion of 10 kPa marks the threshold between conical‐ and parabolic‐shaped craters. The two‐layer model shows that the interface between the two layers would be exposed at the observed depth of 100 m when an intermediate value (~200 m) for the upper fractured layer is set. We have also found that the truncated‐cone morphology of Linné might originate from an incomplete collapse of the crater wall, as the breccia lens remains clustered along the crater walls, while the high‐albedo deposit on the crater floor can be interpreted as a very shallow lens of fallout breccia. The modeling analysis allows us to derive important clues on the impactor size (under the assumption of a vertical impact and collision velocity equal to the mean value), and on the approximate, large‐scale preimpact target properties. Observations suggest that these large‐scale material properties likely include some important smaller scale variations, disclosed as subtle morphological steps in the crater walls. Furthermore, the modeling results allow advancing some hypotheses on the geological evolution of the Mare Serenitatis region where Linné crater is located (unit S14). We suggest that unit S14 has a thickness of at least a few hundreds of meters up to about 400 m.
“Two odd targets” strategy in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease with unilateral levodopa‐induced dystonia
Authors: Sekimoto Satoko , Oyama Genko , Jo Takayuki , Nakajima Asuka , Shimo Yasushi , Nakajima Madoka , Umemura Atsushi , Ito Masanobu , Arai Hajime , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: May 2017

A 49‐year‐old man with Parkinson's disease developed wearing‐off and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia with a dystonic component in the left upper limb. He decided to undergo deep brain stimulation. Asymmetric targets were chosen; for the right side, globus pallidus interna was selected to improve the dystonia in his left upper extremity, and for the left side, the subthalamic nucleus, which had the expected benefit of reducing the patient's medications, was selected. After the surgery, the levodopa‐induced dystonia in his left arm was markedly improved, and the levodopa equivalent dose was reduced by 21.4%. The present case suggests that deep brain stimulation with a different target in the left and right hemisphere could be an effective therapeutic option for patients with asymmetric symptoms.
Effect of timing of renal replacement therapy on outcomes of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Jia Yanli , Jiang Li , Wen Ying , Wang Meiping , Xi Xiuming , Du Bin
Published: May 2017

Aim

Currently, indications for renal replacement therapy (RRT) remain controversial. Whether early RRT can improve the prognosis of critically ill patients in the ICU is unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between timing of RRT initiation and short‐term prognosis of patients in the ICU.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of data obtained from 28 hospitals in Beijing. The subjects received RRT treatment in the ICU from March 2012 to August 2012.

Results

A total of 9049 cases were reviewed, and 281 patients who underwent RRT were enrolled and divided into the non‐survival (n = 144) and survival (n = 137) groups, according to their outcome at 28 days from ICU admission. Median RRT initiation times were 1 (0–25) and 1 (0–21) days in the non‐survival and survival groups, respectively (P = 0.001) and oliguria/anuria frequency at RRT initiation were 76.6% and 65.3% (P = 0.036), respectively. The mortality of patients administered RRT within 24 h of ICU admission was lower than that of those treated after 24 h (P = 0.014). In patients with oliguria/anuria at RRT initiation, the 28‐day mortality rate was 52.8%, which was higher than 39.0% obtained for those with no oliguria/anuria at RRT initiation (P = 0.036). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that late initiation of RRT was an independent risk factor for 28‐day mortality (HR = 1.139, 95%CI 1.046–1.242, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Timing of RRT is associated with 28‐day mortality of ICU treated patients. Early RRT might improve patient survival.
How Berkeley's Gardener Knows His Cherry Tree
Authors: Pearce Kenneth L.
Published: May 2017

The defense of common sense in Berkeley'sThree Dialoguesis, first and foremost, a defense of the gardener's claim to know his cherry tree, a claim threatened by both Cartesian and Lockean philosophy. This defense depends on theesseispercipithesis (EIP). EIP is not something the gardener believes; rather, it is a philosophical analysis of the rules he unreflectively follows in his use of the word ‘exists’. Uncovering these connections between Berkeley's epistemology and philosophy of language will clarify Berkeley's strategy for bringing his reader back to common sense and practical engagement in the ordinary affairs of life.
Lymphocytic Thrombophilic Arteritis: A Possible Association with Minocycline
Authors: Tan Colin W. X. , Koh Mark J. A.
Published: May 2017

We describe a case of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis in a 15‐year‐old girl who had previously taken minocycline for a year. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis share many features and may both be triggered by minocycline. There may be a long latency between drug exposure to minocycline and development of disease.
A follow‐up survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices surrounding blood donation in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Charles K. S. , Chisholm K. , Gabourel K. , Philip K. , Ramdath S. , Abdul‐Hakeem H. , Vaillant A. , Pooransingh S. , Legall G. , Chantry A.
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives

Trinidad and Tobago is a multi‐ethnic, multicultural country with an annual blood donation rate of 17 per 1000 and predominantly (87%) family/replacement (F/R) donors. A knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) community survey in 2003 revealed lack of information and poor access to donation centres as barriers to voluntary non‐remunerated donors (VNRD). The survey was repeated in 2013 after a national intervention to increase VNRD failed.

Materials and methods

The second cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey was administered to 816 adults in the same community. The variables assessed were sociodemographics, knowledge, attitudes and blood donation behaviour. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and Minitab 17. Chi‐square was used to assign significance and logistic regression to analyse correlation between variables. Results of the two surveys were compared.

Results

There was no difference in the overall percentage of donors (18·8 vs. 21·1%, P = 0·337), and a low donor percentage was observed in all sociodemographic groups (7·7–31·6% vs. 10·2–31·7%). The main reason for donating blood was replacement for a relative or friend (86·0 vs. 86·9% P = 0·851). Willingness to repeat donation was high (90·6% vs. 86·4%, P = 0·006). Motivators and demotivators to donation varied among sociodemographic groups.

Conclusion

There was no significant change in community KAP between surveys. Anthropological studies into blood donation are needed to plan an effective revised and targeted blood donation campaign. Legal and regulatory changes must facilitate VNRD.