bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waist Circumference, Waist Hip Ratio and Body Mass Index in Female Undergraduates of a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rufa'i Adamu , Sajoh Karimah , Oyeyemi Adewale , Gwani Abdullahi
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Obesity and overweight are associated with variety of conditions detrimental to health, wellbeing and longevity. Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are indicators of risk of central adiposity while body mass index is an indicator of overall risk of obesity. Body mass index has been traditionally used as a standard for determining overweight and obesity. This study was designed to determine the relationship between waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index among female undergraduates of a Nigerian University. Also prevalence of obesity based on waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index was explored. Methods: Three hundred and sixty four apparently healthy subjects were recruited for the study using a cross-sectional simple random sampling technique. Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index were determined using standard methods. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the physical characteristics of the participants. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between waist circumference, waist to hip and body mass index. Results: The mean age, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index of the participants were 22.5 (±2.20) years, 79.36 (±10.4) cm, 0.81 (±0.06), and 22.48 (±4.50) kg/m2 respectively. The prevalence of obesity based on body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio was found to be 6.3%, 17.6% and 25.5% respectively. Significant relationship was found between waist circumference and body mass index (r = 0.81; p< 0.001), and between waist to hip ratio and body mass index (r = 0.25; p< 0.001). Conclusions: Body mass index was related to waist circumference, as well as to waist to hip ratio. The prevalence of obesity based on waist to hip ratio was highest among female undergraduates in a Nigerian university. Awareness on the importance of waist to hip ratio as indicator of risk of obesity should be created among female undergraduates in Nigerian Universities and by extension among the women population in general.
Setting Research Priorities Within Allied Health: What Do Clinicians Think?
Authors: Davis Annette , Lee Den-Ching Angel , Wenzel Lisa-Anabell , Haines Terry
Published: September 2021

Background: Research activity among allied health clinicians working in publicly funded health care organisations is growing, yet little attention has been paid to how these activities are prioritised. Without a specific framework to guide research direction, it is likely that research will be conducted in areas that are prioritised by individual clinicians. However, it is presently unknown what areas are prioritised by clinicians and the reasoning behind their prioritisation. Purpose: The aims of this study were to identify what clinicians identify to be the highest priority research across personal, department, and health service levels, and the reasons why. It also sought to identify barriers and enablers to conducting this research. Methods: Qualitative, cross-sectional survey with n=95 allied health clinician respondents within one organisation. Survey items relating to research priority were structured across three levels. Survey format consisted of open-ended questions and thematic content analysis was used to categorise responses. Results: The highest priority research across personal, departmental and organisational levels were related to areas of personal work, departmental service and models of care evaluation respectively. The top three priorities in all levels combined were “testing solutions”, “understanding problems or developing solutions” and “implementing evidence-based approaches in real life”. The primary reason provided as to why the research was considered to be of the highest priority was related to the anticipated effectiveness of intervention on patient outcomes and the efficiency of service delivery models being investigated. Time shortages/workload/competing priorities were the most frequently identified barriers to conducting this research, while mentoring /access to university partners/organisational culture/leadership and priorities that favoured research were the most frequently identified enablers. Conclusions: Considerations can be taken from our findings to guide the development of a framework or system to prioritise research projects in the publicly funded health care organisation.
Calidad de vida y necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en entidades educativas de Huancayo, Perú 2020
Authors: Bonilla Cairo Pablo Santiago , Cueva Buendía Luis Alberto , Jesús Balbín Evelyn Jeannet
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida mediante el COHIP 19 SF y la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico mediante el componente CE del INTO en escolares de 12 a 15 años de dos entidades educativas pública y privada de Huancayo 2020. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo se evaluaron a 318 escolares de dos unidades educativas, pública y privada. Para evaluar el nivel de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico se utilizó el Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento de Ortodoncia (INTO -CE) y para la calidad de vida se empleó el índice de Perfil de Impacto en Salud Oral Infantil en su versión corta (COHIP SF-19), el análisis bivariado se llevó a cabo mediante la Prueba de Rho de Spearman y se consideró un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: De acuerdo al componente estético (CE) del INTO, la necesidad definitiva fue 5,3%, necesidad moderada de 4,4%, y el 90.3% sin necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico. La calidad de vida tuvo una media de 54.3, para el bienestar social y emocional su media fue del 27.1, el bienestar funcional de 12.5 y la salud oral fue de 14.6. Conclusiones: Existe correlación negativa moderada entre la calidad de vida y la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico (CE) en escolares de 12 a 15 años de dos unidades educativas público y privada de la ciudad de Huancayo 2020, la calidad de vida fue baja siendo mayor en las mujeres que los varones con diferencia estadística significativa (Rho -0,635; p-valor 0,023).
Factores que contribuyen al incremento de infectados covid-19 en las diferentes familias de Latinoamérica
Authors: Junchaya Yllescas Vilma Amparo , Andamayo Flores Diana Esmeralda , Moran Ávila G. , Gonzales Melchor C.
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar los factores que contribuyen al incremento de pacientes infectados por el COVID-19 en las diferentes familias de Latinoamérica, siendo el  Material y Métodos: Un estudio descriptivo transversal. La población consistió en usuarios de las redes sociales con respecto a factores que contribuyen al contagio de la COVID-19. Se utilizó un cuestionario digital con variables sociodemográficas, factores bioseguridad, factores culturales y factores ambientales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y bivariado según la naturaleza de las variables. Resultados: Luego de analizar  1123 cuestionarios de usuarios del Facebook de Latinoamérica, que incluyeron:  Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela y Perú, el 77 % fueron mujeres  siendo el 81 % de  18 a 31 años.  Sobre los factores de bioseguridad que contribuyen al contagio de la población responde un 43 % señala se debe  por no emplear mascarilla y protector facial, así también como factores culturales un 55 % indica que  no interesa respetar  normas, como factores ambientales  un 74 % considera que la contaminación ambiental tiene que ver con el incremento, otro 59 % responde que la  población de zona de vivienda urbana es la  más contagiada   y un 49 %, refiere  que el aire es el elemento contaminante que contribuye al  contagio de la COVID-19. Conclusiones: Los usuarios del Facebook  consideran que los pobladores de Latinoamérica se contagian por no cumplir factores de bioseguridad, por factores culturales, por diversos factores ambientales, cuyas condiciones que viven muchas las personas los vuelven aún vulnerables y mayor  peligro.
Estilo de vida saludable en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Junchaya Yllescas Vilma Amparo
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo analizaremos las diversas variaciones en el estilo de vida a nivel familiar, debido a la influencia de la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la pandemia del COVID-19 y el avance en ellogro de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible, planteados en la Agenda 2030, en especial el 3 que busca garantizar una vida sana y promover el bienestar de todos. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado cambios profundos en el comportamiento social, de tal forma que se debe tener en cuenta los efectos en la salud mental que pueden derivarse de estos cambios, también es necesario examinar posibles variaciones con respecto a los comportamientos y estilos de vida. Por ello los medios informativos han señalado cambios dramáticos en el sueño, consumo de sustancias, actividad física y dieta, que pueden tener consecuencias posteriores para la salud mental.
Body Composition and Power Output In NCAA Division I American Football Linebackers Throughout a Competitive Season
Authors: McDowell Kurt
Published: September 2021

Body composition and power are impactful variables of athletic performance. However, few studies have assessed power and body composition changes from pre-, to mid-, to end-of-season in American Football linebackers. The purpose of this study was to determine how power and body composition respond to a competitive season in Division I Football Championship Series (FCS) American football linebackers. Participants (n=9; Age=19.7 ± 1.5 years; Weight=101.5±11.6 kg; Height=183.3±5.2 cm; [Body Fat percent (BF %) =21.31 ± 6.02%)] performed a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and power was assessed via three vertical jumps and squat jumps at 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg at three time points: a) 1 week prior to their regular season, b) 2 days after the bye week in the middle of the season, and c) 1 week prior to the completion of the season. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in power or body composition. These results support past research, indicating power and body composition can be maintained throughout a competitive season. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal programming methods to maintain or improve athletic performance via optimization of body composition and power during a competitive season.
Aplikasi 3D VR Class Sebagai Inovasi Media Pembelajaran Ditengah Pandemik
Authors: Efendi Yoyon , Muzawi Rometdo , Rio Unang , Lusiana Lusiana
Published: September 2021

Pada saat pandemik ini diperlukan inovasi dalam pembelajaran secara daring. Untuk mengatasi kebosanan karena sudah memasuki 3 semester dengan menggunakan media online. Dosen dituntut untuk dapat memberikan inovasi dengan teknologi dalam media pembelajarannya. Salah satunya teknologi Virtual Reality yang dapat diterapkan di kelas dengan berbasis 3D. mata kuliah yang dipakai pada VR class ini yaitu Internet of things. Aplikasi 3D VR Class menggunakan smartphone berbasis android dan tambahan alat bantu VR Box. Aplikasi ini telah digunakan oleh 16 mahasiswa di STMIK Amik Riau dengan hasil baik. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini membantu dosen dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran ditengah merosotnya minat siswa dalam pembelajaran secara daring.
Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru dan Kesannya Terhadap Efikasi Pengajaran Guru Luar Bandar Sabah
Authors: Ebbie Serirama , Talip Roslee Bin
Published: September 2021

Kajian ini membincangkan tentang kesan kompetensi profesionalisme guru terhadap efikasi pengajaran guru sekolah rendah di kawasan luar bandar, khususnya Pedalaman, Sabah. Kajian ini melibatkan lapan dimensi utama dalam kompetensi profesionalisme guru iaitu kecintaan terhadap profesion, berketerampilan, integriti, teladan, mengamalkan kerja berpasukan, proaktif, kreatif dan inovatif dan kefahaman terhadap strategi-strategi pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP). Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 361 responden yang terdiri daripada guru-guru sekolah rendah di Pedalaman Sabah. Pemboleh ubah kajian telah diuji dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi yang melibatkan skor min, sisihan piawai, ujian t, ANOVA, korelasi Pearson dan regresi. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 22.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kompetensi profesionalisme guru adalah (Min = 4.44; SP = .37), berada pada tahap sangat tinggi manakala efikasi pengajaran guru adalah (Min = 3.99; SP = 0.29), juga berada pada tahap tinggi. Analisis korelasi Pearson mendapati hubungan kompetensi profesionalisme guru dengan efikasi pengajaran guru adalah signifikan dan berada pada aras yang tinggi. Analisis regresi pula mendapati kompetensi profesionalisme guru memberi kesan yang signifikan ke atas efikasi pengajaran guru secara keseluruhan.
Issues and Challenges in 21st-century Learning of Special Education (Hearing Impaired) in Islamic Education
Authors: Ali Norlela , Tengku Kasim Tengku Sarina Aini , Siren Nor Raudah
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to identify the challenges of Islamic education teachers in the implementation of the 21st-century learning for the teaching and learning of Islamic education special education hearing impaired. This study is a library review that uses a variety of key reference sources such as books, journals, seminar presentations, conference papers, and various sources from the internet such as websites, as well as official portals that contain information related to the study. All reference sources are analyzed to obtain the facts and detailed information on the topics discussed. The results of the discussion show that there are several challenges identified in implementing learning and facilitation based on the 21st-century learning for Islamic education for hearing-impaired students. Among them are aspects of teacher professionalism, communication skills of teachers and students, application of high-level thinking skills, and teaching facilities. To face the challenges in implementing the 21st-century learning, teachers are advised to constantly improve their knowledge and skills in various fields, especially in the field of Islamic education and special education, in addition to mastering pedagogical skills and educational technology. High commitment from teachers and strong support from the administrators is very necessary in realizing the 21st-century learning, further able to boost the excellence of special education students with hearing-impaired in fulfilling the aspirations of national education.
Penglibatan Ibu bapa dan Efikasi Kendiri Murid Sekolah Menengah dalam Membuat Keputusan Kerjaya
Authors: Mei Fam Mei , Mydin Kutty Faridah , Othman Norasmah
Published: September 2021

Pemilihan kerjaya yang bertepatan dengan bakat, minat, personaliti serta pencapaian akademik adalah aspek penting dalam kehidupan seseorang murid. Dalam hal ini, penglibatan ibu bapa dan efikasi kendiri memainkan peranan penting dalam membantu murid membuat keputusan kerjaya. Melihat daripada perspektif murid di sekolah menengah swasta, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tahap penglibatan ibu bapa dan tahap efikasi kendiri murid dalam membuat keputusan kerjaya. Seterusnya, kajian ini menentukan hubungan antara penglibatan ibu bapa dan efikasi kendiri pelajar ke atas keputusan kerjaya. Reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan dan kaedah persampelan rawak mudah digunakan untuk memilih 306 murid sekolah menengah swasta tingkatan empat/gred 10 dan tingkatan lima/gred 11. Soal selidik dalam bentuk google form yang ditadbir secara atas talian digunakan sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25.0. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan nilai min bagi tahap penglibatan ibu bapa mengikut subskala bantuan instrumental dan sokongan emosi adalah tinggi (M=3.712, SP=0.648). Di samping itu, analisis deskriptif terhadap nilai min keseluruhan bagi tahap efikasi kendiri murid dalam membuat keputusan kerjaya juga adalah tinggi (M=3.711, SP=0.514). Dapatan kedua-dua analisis menunjukkan kebanyakan murid sekolah menengah swasta memperoleh skor tahap penglibatan ibu bapa dan efikasi kendiri yang tinggi. Hasil analisis Kolerasi Pearson menggambarkan hubungan yang kuat dan positif (r = 0.682) di antara penglibatan ibu bapa dan efikasi kendiri murid dalam membuat keputusan kerjaya. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian ini jelas menunjukkan bahawa penglibatan ibu bapa dari segi bantuan instrumental dan sokongan emosi merupakan peramal efikasi kendiri seseorang murid dalam membuat keputusan kerjaya. Implikasi dapatan kajian ini dapat menjadi rujukan kepada ibu bapa supaya mempunyai pengetahuan yang lebih meluas tentang peluang kerjaya serta haluan kerjaya anak-anak mereka.
What Drives Performance Measurement in NGOs?: A Case Study from Pakistan
Authors: Tahajuddin Sulaiman Bin , Hasan Syed Sarmad , Mohd Kassim Abdul Wahid
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research paper is to understand how an NGO in Pakistan perceives the utility of its performance measurement system and thus what drives design of its PMS. The study explores the phenomenon from the perspective of NGO managers by applying qualitative approach and using critical realism to explore the issue. The paper presents the findings on the basis of an instrumental case study conducted in Pakistan. The research identifies the main objective of PMS in this NGO is to help the organization remain sustainable and its managers’ desire for legitimacy has deeply influenced the design of the PMS of the NGO. Results suggest managers perceive organizational credibility and not the accountability as the most important factor in determining its sustainability. The evidence is based on findings of a single NGO case study from Pakistan. Furthermore, the findings are based only on the perceptions of the managers of the selected organisation. Future research including perception of other stakeholders in other NGOs may help in deepening the understanding of the issue and validating the presented results. However, given that little research has been conducted within the NGO sector on drivers of performance measurement this research provides useful evidence that can be further developed. The paper specifically contributes by extending prior PM literature in an NGO environment. It has implications for the further development of legitimacy theories in the NGO sector. It raises issues about how primary focus of reporting in NGOs is shifting from accountability to show-casing.
Sejarah Budaya Politik Wanita Cina di Semenanjung Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Nurul Asmaa , Aboo Talib@Khalid Kartini , Ismail Hanim , Kamalbatcha Zainebbeevi
Published: September 2021

Budaya politik imigran wanita Cina di Tanah Melayu tidak bersifat statik dan berubah mengikut masa dan keadaan. Hal ini kerana pada awalnya budaya politik imigran wanita Cina adalah berteraskan kepada Tanah Besar China. Ini dapat dilihat melalui penglibatan aktif imigran wanita Cina dalam PKM. PKM di Tanah Melayu mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan PKM dari Tanah Besar China. PKM di Tanah Melayu bertindak menyalurkan perkembangan politik di Tanah Besar China. Selain itu juga, budaya politik imigran wanita Cina yang berorientasikan kepada Tanah Besar China dapat dilihat melalui penglibatan dalam aktiviti memboikot barangan Jepun, mengutip derma bagi membantu China dalam menentang pencerobohan Jepun di China dengan membentuk China Reliel Fund (Tabung Bantuan Perang Negara China), menyokong Pergerakan Tentera Pembebasan Nasional Nanyang serta menganjurkan aktiviti tunjuk perasaan anti-Jepun. Namun budaya politik imigran wanita Cina telah berubah kepada Tanah Melayu apabila kerajaan China tidak lagi membenarkan rakyat mereka memiliki dua kewarganegaraan. Malah pertambahan bilangan imigran wanita Cina di Tanah Melayu yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan imigran Cina mula berminat menetap di Tanah Melayu. Oleh itu budaya politik imigran Cina yang sebelum ini berteraskan kepada Tanah Besar China telah berubah ke Tanah Melayu. Malah kekejaman PKM, terhadap etnik Cina semasa Tanah Melayu diisytiharkan darurat oleh British telah menyebabkan sokongan imigran wanita Cina terhadap PKM telah semakin berkurang dan beralih kepada MCA.
Reaching Happiness beyond Emancipation: A Study on the Human-Centric Role of Linde in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen
Authors: Uddin Md. Abu Saleh Nizam , Yasmin Farhana
Published: September 2021

Henrik Ibsen’s drama A Doll’s House portrays the late 19th century Norway where protagonist Nora and her eventual manifestation of Feminism are almost all the time at the centre of critical attention. But Mrs. Kristina Linde is also a character of magnanimous stature with her enthusiastic sense of belonging and heart-felt services to family and society. In this manner, the human-centric role provides Linde with satisfaction that amounts to happiness, taking her ways ahead of emancipation in a world where women’s emancipation from sufferings is still an unresolved issue. Notably, Linde’s human-centric role gains authenticity as a true means of women’s emancipation by reflecting higher knowledge which is essential for any human affair to be true and real. Thus, this paper aims at exploring how Mrs. Kristina Linde in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, being in her family and society and playing vital roles accordingly, derives happiness proving the truth that all women can be human-centric in family and society, and can have happiness going far ahead of emancipation changing the global scenario of women’s misery. The methodology of thematic analysis was followed in this research. The research may contribute in propounding human-centric family and social life as the proper means of women’s emancipation.
Pencegahan Jenayah Pecah Rumah Bagi Menjamin Keselamatan Masyarakat: Suatu Pemerhatian Awal
Authors: Abd Malek Nur Farhana , Mohd Pauzi Hezzrin , Awang Noh Normah
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan jenayah pecah rumah merupakan suatu permasalahan sosial yang memberikan kesan kepada keselamatan masyarakat. Jenayah pecah rumah ini merupakan suatu jenayah harta benda yang sering terjadi dan jenayah ini kerap dilaporkan berbanding jenayah kekerasan di Malaysia. Amalan pencegahan jenayah perlu dilaksanakan dalam mengawal permasalahan jenayah pecah rumah supaya dapat menjamin keselamatan masyarakat Malaysia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan mengenai langkah-langkah pencegahan jenayah pecah rumah bagi menjamin keselamatan masyarakat. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan kepada penelitian terhadap kajian-kajian lepas. Oleh itu, penelitian kajian lepas bagi langkah-langkah pencegahan jenayah pecah rumah akan dibincangkan. Langkah pencegahan seperti pemantauan pihak berkuasa PDRM, pengawasan komuniti, meningkatkan ciri-ciri keselamatan dan pemilihan komuniti berpagar merupakan amalan pencegahan yang dapat mengurangkan risiko jenayah pecah rumah berlaku. Kesimpulannya, langkah-langkah pencegahan berkenaan haruslah dititikberatkan supaya dapat mencegah daripada berlakunya jenayah pecah rumah. Artikel ini juga diharapkan dapat membantu pihak bertanggungjawab dalam melaksanakan pencegahan jenayah pecah rumah bagi menjamin keselamatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Interaction In the English Language Classroom: A Review of Teacher Questions
Authors: Abubakar Bala Salisu , Paramasivam Shamala A/P , Geok Imm Lee , Sharmini Sharon
Published: September 2021

Teachers' questions in the English language classroom are an essential way of teaching English. Teachers must be aware of the types of questions that can help students learn the target language. Students, on the other hand, did not actively participate in learning, especially when responding to questions from teachers. To address this issue, teachers must modify their questions using various techniques in order to elicit responses from students. This study examines twenty studies selected from the Google scholar on the role of teacher questioning pattern in motivating students' participation in English language classrooms, as well as the classification of modification questions used by teachers when teaching English. We examine current teachers' questioning patterns before reviewing previous research on the most common question type activity in the English classroom. According to the findings, display questions are frequently used by English language teachers as a better approach than referential and other questioning types. Other knowledge-based analyses were discovered to be carried out in order to extract useful features that reduce the risk of better activity, demonstrating that students continue to struggle with high-dimensional and important subjects when answering referential questions. Finally, we highlight some outstanding issues for future research in this area that researchers should consider.
Building an Effective Branding Strategy: A Study Case of Raiment
Authors: Iskandar Marcellinus Namas , Aprilianty Fitri
Published: September 2021

Since the civilized era, branding has played a very important role in business activities which when people recognize the brand, they have a perceived perception of the object. Seems simple and practical, many people mistakenly think that brand-building is an easy thing to do and therefore many businesses are stuck or even fail because they are not built through the appropriate implementation of strategies. One of which included Raiment, an online platforms-based business which helps people to create or customize clothing products. Having a vision to simplify the process of procuring a clothing product that was previously considered inefficient, concerns started to arise after it was known that the number of sales generated by Raiment for more than 1 year operating did not have any significant progress. In fact, most of the sales generated are still related through relatives such as friends and families. The aim of this research is to help Raiment to be able to assess the related factors in building its brand and also develop the right strategy to be able to create a better brand. External and internal analysis are also used in this research to help see the root of the problems faced by Raiment. The external analysis included is Porter's Five Forces, PESTEL Analysis, and Competitor Analysis. Meanwhile, the internal analysis included is Company Analysis and Brand Audit Analysis. The results of this study indicate that the roots of the problems faced by Raiment are around unclear brand-building guidelines, lack of available budget, lack of knowledge regarding the industry, and also lack of brand marketing efforts. Several solutions were proposed to address the root causes of the problem in developing the Raiment brand, such as creating a brand positioning model to increase brand awareness, building a brand resonance model to build brand loyalty, and also creating a brand value chain model to measure returns from the allocated investment for brand marketing activities. The results of this research can also help other businesses in improving and strengthening the existence of their brands, especially in the Indonesian market. With a note, further studies related to the garment/convection industry need to be carried out due to the growing trend.
Personaliti Grit dan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Pelajar Universiti
Authors: Mustaza Muhammad Syaril Anwar , Mydin Kutty Faridah
Published: September 2021

Sikap tabah, ketekunan serta bersedia berhadapan dengan perubahan di luar jangka adalah nilai penting yang perlu wujud dalam diri seseorang mahasiswa. personaliti grit dan kesejahteraan subjektif mempengaruhi kualiti pembelajaran pelajar. Reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan dipilih bagi mengenal pasti tahap personaliti grit dan kesejahteraan subjektif pelajar dan hubungan antara kedua-dua pemboleh ubah tersebut turut di lihat. Sejumlah 387 orang responden dalam kalangan pelajar UKM dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik persampelan rawak berkelompok. Instrumen kajian Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) dan College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire yang diadaptasi digunakan bagi tujuan pengumpulan data.. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pelajar mempunyai tahap grit yang sederhana tinggi (s.p. =0.866) dan mempunyai tahap kesejahteraan subjektif yang tinggi (s.p. = 1.064). Manakala, hubungan korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara personaliti grit terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif (r = 0.357, p< 0.01). Model analisis regresi linear menunjukkan grit secara kolektif menyumbang 12.5% terhadap konstruk kesejahteraan subjektif pelajar. Kajian ini memberikan gambaran bahawa tahap kesejahteraan subjektif pelajar akan meningkat sekiranya tahap personaliti grit meningkat. Personaliti grit dan Kesejahteraan subjektif pelajar adalah penting kerana ia memberikan gambaran terhadap kemampuan pelajar menghadapi pembelajaran sepanjang musim pandemik yang sangat mencabar. Selain itu juga, aspek personaliti grit mampu di jadikan sebagai petunjuk kepada kesejahteraan subjektif pelajar. Dapatan ini juga menambahkan lagi maklumat dan pengetahuan berkenaan topik personaliti grit yang masih kurang dikaji secara menyeluruh.
The Influence of Employee Demotivation and Employee Motivation on Employee Performance: Case Study of Farven
Authors: Soraya Elma
Published: September 2021

Farven is a local startup fashion brand established in 2019 that provides eco-friendly fashion. Looking at the problem in terms of helicopter view, the problem that was first exposed can be seen from the decrease in the effectiveness of the company, then the company's OKR that was not achieved, the progress KPI only reached 20%, the jobdesk provided was not implemented, and the monthly target was not achieved. After performing a 5-way method to find the core of the problem, researchers found the core problem was due to the demotivation of employees that affected the performance of workers. Workers as an essential to give their efforts in every action to achieve goals in the organization.  Workers need triggers to do things well and produce good performance, one of the driving factors is good motivation. Good motivation will result in high performance, low turnover, loyalty, alignment, which contributes significantly to the growth and development of the company. Conversely, if the driving factor is bad motivation or commonly called demotivation, it will result in low performance, high turnover, low loyalty, absence of alignment, nor does it contribute significantly to the growth and development of the company. Moreover, currently the country of Indonesia is a developing country that has great potential to compete in the field of development, one of the developments for human resources that have good quality, which will affect the results of work and company. Farven as a startup that has workers want to also contribute in developing good resources by maintaining good quality workers, but Farven has some challenges one of which is the problem of worker demotivation that has been felt by all Farven workers. In this study, researchers aimed to know the dimensions of worker demotivation and worker motivation that affect worker performance and wanted to know the indicators of the dimensions that most influence the demotivation of workers and also the motivation of workers. Researchers used a semi-structure interview in the interview process to three Farven workers. The order of questions may also vary depending on the conversation flow. On the other hand, additional questions, and objectives with the nature of certain events in a particular organization. Informant will be selected through nonprobability sampling i.e. purposive sampling or specifically using judgement sampling. The interview will primarily explore the dimensions of employee motivation and employee motivation according to the participant's experience as a Farven employee. This study used thematic coding to analyze qualitative data.
Pedagogi Terbeza Untuk Pengajaran Guru Terhadap Kepelbagaian Murid
Authors: Mustaffa Zurina , Hussin Zaharah , Sulaiman Abdul Muhsien
Published: September 2021

Beberapa kajian telah menunjukkan terdapat murid kurang menguasai isi pelajaran disebabkan faktor kepelbagaian murid di dalam bilik darjah. Dalam konteks pendidikan, hal ini tidak akan selesai sehingga wujudnya kaedah pengajaran yang baharu yang dapat membantu guru mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai untuk kepelbagaian murid di bilik darjah. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada murid tidak menguasai isi pelajaran ialah faktor gaya pengajaran guru yang mengajar dengan gaya “one-size-fits-all” tidak sesuai diguna pakai memandangkan murid yang mempunyai kepelbagaian gaya belajar, tahap penguasaan dan berlainan kecerdasan berada di dalam bilik darjah yang sama. Oleh itu, bagi membantu guru dalam menangani masalah murid yang pelbagai di dalam bilik darjah dan guru dapat mengaplikasikan satu bentuk pengajaran yang dapat melengkapi keperluan murid yang pelbagai, satu pendekatan baharu diperkenalkan iaitu melalui Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy). Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy) merupakan satu konsep pengajaran di mana guru mengubahsuai kandungan iaitu isi pelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, proses iaitu strategi pengajaran dan aktiviti pembelajaran, produk merujuk kepada hasil kemahiran yang murid dapat dan dinilai guru dan persekitaran merujuk kepada suasana persekitaran pembelajaran yang kondusif. Elemen-elemen ini akan diubah suai oleh guru mengikut kepelbagaian murid iaitu kesediaan belajar murid, minat murid terhadap pembelajaran dan profil pembelajaran di mana kecenderungan kecerdasan murid dikesan. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan Pedagogi Terbeza (Differentiated Pedagogy) untuk digunakan dalam membantu pengajaran guru mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kepelbagaian murid.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Environmental Education Programmes in Promoting Sustainable Living in Secondary Schools
Authors: Mbokazi Msawenkosi Sandile , Mkhasibe Rachel Gugu , Uleanya Chinaza
Published: September 2021

Environmental education has been contemplated as the field of study enabling people to live a sustainable livelihood. In recent years, the South African government took an initiative to integrate Environmental Education into all learning areas or subjects. Despite such inclusion, a gap still exists between what is learned in class and what learners are actually doing in their daily activities. Alexander and Poyyamoli, (2014: 1) suggest that Environmental Education is an essential advancement to encourage learners to save, protect and improve the local environment. As a result, the present paper seeks to examine the effectiveness of environmental education programmes in enforcing sustainability behaviours in school children and how it fosters the acquisition of knowledge and understanding, skills, attitude and behaviors compatible to sustainability. The paper employed sustainable indicators as an instrument to evaluation the effectiveness of environmental education programmes in promoting sustainable livelihood. Questionnaires were distributed to teachers, principals and learners from twenty schools in the district. Participants were subjected to pre-test, innovative sustainable living programmes, and post-test assessment. The results of the pre-test portrayed a gap of learners' knowledge, skills and attitude towards their environment, whereas the post-test results confirmed that EE promotes sustainable living when forged with EE programmes.
Building Green Hotel Image Through Employee's Green Behaviour in Five Star Hotel in Bali
Authors: Astawa I Ketut , Budarma I Ketut , Widhari Cokorda Istri Sri , Suardani Anak Agung Putri
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the effect of hotel employees' green awareness, knowledge, and skill on their intention to implement green practices in a 5-star hotel in Bali. The study is guided by the hotels' green ability model with data collected through a survey from 82 hotel operational staff, supervisors, middle and top managers of 5-star hotels in Bali. Furthermore, the research hypothesis of the data obtained was analyzed using SEM-PLS 3.3.3. The result showed that employees’ environmental knowledge and awareness contribute significantly to their intention to implement green practices, while their green skill is weakly influenced. Additionally, employees' intention to implement green practices positively affects green hotel image. Therefore, this research also discussed the theoretical and practical implications.
From Silos to Systems: Investing in Sustainable Nutrition Science for a Healthy Future
Authors:   Union of Concerned Scientists, Reinhardt Sarah
Published: September 2021

Diet-related disease, climate change, and environmental degradation exact an enormous toll on human and planetary health. These challenges could be addressed in part by shifting what we eat and how we produce food, yet key questions remain about how to make such transitions effective, equitable, and sustainable. To help answer these questions, investments in “sustainable nutrition science”—research and education at the intersection of nutrition, food production, and climate and environment—are urgently needed. However, the Union of Concerned Scientists has found that US public funding for sustainable nutrition science is severely limited, totaling an estimated $16 million annually between 2016 and 2019, and recommends more than tripling that amount in response to our devastating public health and environmental crises.
Philosophy of Religion and Religious Pluralism from Biblical Perspective and Their Implications for Christian Education
Authors: Omotayo Foluke Siwoku-Awi
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Students of Christian Religious Studies should be encouraged to learn about other religions in order to enhance their personal conviction and be tolerant and competent in engaging in meaningful negotiation when mediating in crises. It is an exploratory research that has deployed resources from documents, media and personal interaction and inquiries. Religion is a cause of disunity, tribal disparity, ethnic cleansing and wars in most parts of the world. Religion has empowered some individuals to kill, maim, rape, enslave and self-impose on others. It has been mingled with politics in some countries like Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Middle East, most African countries and many others. The practice of religion has been used to discriminate against job seekers and in matters of welfare. It brings tremendous gains to some people while others are impoverished.   
Methodology: Real life occurrences as published by the media of people who have been victims of religious intolerance, violence, psychological and sexual slavery. For instance, in the Middle East entire communities are eliminated by murder and rape of children and youths who are abducted to be subjected to indoctrination or kept as hostages until some money is paid on them. These destructive tendencies forestall development.
Findings: The findings are: A God-centered religion should emphasize divine qualities in the lives of believers. Compliance with the National Constitution of one’s country is more beneficial than man-made tenets and laws that are of the least benefits to the general public or human progress and which cause dissension and do not necessarily reflect the nature of God, the Creator but that of an invisible personality that only forms a part of human imagination. Faith in God should be a reason to love fellow humans 1John 4:20. Learning philosophy of religion is training in peaceful coexistence. Religion arouses intense emotions; therefore, it may not deploy rationality in fostering good human relations and respect of the rights of opponents.
Unique Contribution To Theory, Practice And Policy: This article contributes to contemporary realities by proposing that democratic governments should institute peace and order by enabling equal rights of worship, freedom of religion, of choice and of self-expression.  The research leans heavily on the Bible and the claims of Jesus Christ, a fact of history, whose moral perfection, peaceful lifestyle, teaching and philosophy express values that are worthy of emulation for human development, progress and peace.     
Key words: pluralism, philosophy of religion, Bible tenets, Islam, Ba’hai, Buddhism
Church Members Reflection on the Involvement of Lay or Ordained Leaders in Active Politics: A study of MCK Kaaga Circuit
Authors: Lairang’i Jeniffer Kinya
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the reflection of church members on the involvement of lay or ordained leaders in active politics specifically in MCK Kaaga Circuit

Methodology: This study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 11 Kaaga circuit local churches. The study used simple random sampling method to obtain 30% of the 11 local churches to obtain 3 local Methodist churches in Kaaga circuit. The study used purposive sampling method to get a sample of 12 respondents who included 6 church leaders and 6 members. These 12 respondents were purposely selected based on their past experience as political aspirants in various political position in the just concluded 2013 national elections. The study used unstructured interview guides to collect the data.

Results: The study results have proved that it is not wrong for spiritual leaders to join politics since they cultivate and incorporate the virtue of honesty, Holy spirit led administration of resources, democracy and bring Godly light in their political platforms. However, one cannot serve two masters (politics and church leadership) since one may bring division in church. In addition, politics is seen a breeding ground for engagement in corruption, unfulfilled promises hence making politicians liars, deviation from God’s purpose of spreading the gospel and accumulation of huge masses of wealth so as to terminate opponents. Nevertheless, politics are not all that bad when their contribution to the community is considered. Politics have been seen to expand of leadership skills of the politicians, growth in developmental agendas and social interactions skills. This reasons therefore makes the church to greatly support the few leaders who have shown interest in politics since they would represent the church members in politics more than what was being done outside the church. In addition, the church also prays for them before venturing into political journey and the church members are requested to vote for them.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends that church members get empowered with information on the relevance of politics and how they interrelate with religion. The spiritual leaders should be trained on good governance skills before they engage into politics so that they can practice them effectively when they get positioned. The church management should work hand in hand with the government on delivering various projects of the society. This would make it easy and realistic to church members to believe that a spiritual leader has societal interests when they contest any political positions. The church should engage external institutions such as universities that offer leadership and theological courses to its members on how to translate church language to a language the community can understand for effectiveness.
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL CAPABILITIES ON COMPETITIVENESS OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: Muiruri Edward Maina , Ngugi Dr. Patrick Karanja , Kihara Dr. Allan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The firms have been facing steep competition from foreign companies due to increased globalization. The aim of the study was to find out the influence of financial capabilities on competitiveness of food and beverage processing companies in Kenya.

Methodology: The study was informed by resource based theory. Empirical studies were reviewed to provide the basis for research gaps to be filled by the current study. Descriptive research design was employed while the target population was the 187 food and beverage processing firms in Kenya. A census was used where all the 187 companies were contacted. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain the primary data which was analyzed through mixed method analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the relationship between variables through the regression model. The findings were presented in form of tables, pie-charts and bar-graphs.

Results: The companies however mainly relied on bank deposits as the source of funding for their operations. Financial capabilities significantly and positively influence the competitiveness of the food and beverage processing firms. The bank deposits, cash holdings and stock holdings create the financial muscle of the firms by ensuring that they are able to obtain adequate and high quality production inputs thus contributing to the companies’ success. The correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive and significant association between Financial capabilities and firm competitiveness (r = 0.698, p = 0.000). Regression of coefficients results revealed that Financial capabilities and firm competitiveness are positively and significantly related (β =0.638, p=0.000).

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The firms ought to seek adequate financial capabilities as a way of effectively financing their operations to gain competitiveness. The companies should embrace accountability and proper investments that increase their bank deposits, cash holdings and stock holdings through which they can sustain their operations towards competitiveness. The companies should embrace accountability and proper investments that increase their bank deposits, cash holdings and stock holdings through which they can sustain their operations towards competitiveness.
Cengiz Aytmatov’un Gün Olur Asra Bedel ile Charles Dickens’ın Zor Zamanlar Adlı Yapıtlarında Ezilen Sınıf
Authors: DEMİR Yunus , YILDIZ Firat
Published: September 2021

Bireyin düşünce ve duygularını ifade edeceği sanatlardan biri olan edebiyatın, her konuda olduğu gibi Marksist eleştiri ışığında da ezilen sınıfın sesini duyurmak için önemi ve yüklenmiş olduğu işlevleri vardır. Özellikle sınıfsal farklılıkları olan ve sosyal olarak uyum içerisinde yaşamayan toplumlarda edebiyat küçümsenemeyecek kadar önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu durumun belirgin örneklerinden Charles Dickens’ın Zor Zamanlar ve Cengiz Aytmatov’un Gün Olur Asra Bedel yapıtlarını inceleyip edebiyatın önemini daha iyi kavramak mümkündür. Dickens’ın yaşadığı dönemde İngiltere ülke olarak maddi açıdan refah içerisindeyken, alt sınıf vatandaşların zorluklar içinde yaşadığı görülmektedir. Dickens da halkın yaşadığı bu zorlukları yapıtlarına yansıtmıştır. Bu bağlamda Zor Zamanlar o döneme ışık tutmaktadır. Aytmatov’un Gün Olur Asra Bedel adlı romanına bakıldığında, iki büyük savaşa şahitlik eden vatandaşların kendi canlarını hiçe sayarak vatan toprakları için mücadele etmesine karşın idareciler tarafından hainlikle ve casuslukla suçlandığına dair örnekler vardır. Dickens eserlerinde kendi döneminin zorluklarını ele almıştır. Aynı şekilde Aytmatov da yaşadığı dönemin zorluklarını romanlarına yansıtmıştır. Her iki yazarın olaylara yaklaşımında benzerlikler de gözlemlenmektedir. Dickens’ın yaşamının ilk dönemleri zor şartlar altında geçmiş ve yaşadığı bu zor şartları gelecek nesillere aktarmak için romanlar kaleme almıştır. Aytmatov ise zor bir dönemden geçen ülkesinin sosyal durumunu anlatan romanlar yazmıştır. Hem Dickens hem de Aytmatov eserlerini çıkar merkezli bir sistemden birey merkezli bir yapıya geçmeyi sağlamak amacıyla yazmışlardır. İşte bu sebeplerden ötürü yaklaşık yüzyıl önce yazılan eserler günümüzde hâlâ değer görmektedir. Bu eserler aracılığıyla bu makalede Charles Dickens’ın Zor Zamanlar ve Cengiz Aytmatov’un Gün Olur Asra Bedel eserlerinde Marksist kuramın etkileri incelenecektir.