bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Thermoelectric Performance in Cu2SnS3 by Control Over Phase‐Dependent Mobility Edge
Authors: Zhang De , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Guiwen , Cheng Zien , Jiang Pengfei , Wu Hong , Chen Peng , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Lu Xu
Published: July 2023

Complex thermoelectric materials composed of multiple phases with order/disorder mixing feature have drawn intense attention due to their high performance. However, some physical mechanisms relevant to thermoelectric properties including the relationship between carrier mobility and disorder extent in these materials are still elusive. Here, a phase‐dependent mobility edge in (Cu2Sn1‐yS3)0.85(CuGaS2)0.15 solid solutions is demonstrated. By control over the mobility edge in these solid solutions by increasing the ratio of tetragonal phase with less disorder, a weakened localization of electronic states and promoted carrier mobility are realized. Combined with reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a record high zT value of 1.22 is attained at 823 K for (Cu2Sn0.92S3)0.85(CuGaS2)0.15 with the lowered mobility edge. The findings shed light on a new route to tuning the electrical and thermal transport properties for complex thermoelectric materials with multiple phases.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Performance in N‐Type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Materials via Synergetic Mo Addition and Sb–Bi Ratio Refining
Authors: Wang Longquan , Sato Naoki , Peng Ying , Chetty Raju , Kawamoto Naoyuki , Nguyen Duy Hieu , Mori Takao
Published: July 2023

Developing thermoelectric (TE) performance is impeded by the compromise of TE parameters, resulting in inadequate conversion efficiency of heat to electricity. Herein, this work reports that Mo is a particularly effective additive in Mg3Sb2‐based alloys with significantly improved electronic transport via grain‐boundary engineering and band‐structure regulation synergy. In addition, phonon transport is simultaneously suppressed by employing multiple effects, lattice imperfection scattering, reduced phonon group velocity, and enhanced atomic disorder, leading to a minimum κlat = 0.52 W m−1 K−1 at 723 K. As a result, an outstanding ZT peak of ≈1.84 at 723 K and ZTav = 1.34 within 323–723 K are achieved in Mg3Sb2‐based alloys, and the corresponding fabricated single‐leg TE module shows an exceptionally high conversion efficiency of ≈12% under a hot‐side temperature of 450 °C. These results demonstrate the great potential for advancing mid‐temperature heat harvesting in Mg3Sb2‐based materials.
Pseudoaneurysms: Different ultrasound patterns, aetiologies and locations
Authors: Abou Diwan Ralph , Kaadi Lea , Hachem Samir , Smayra Tarek , Slaba Sami , Chalhoub Berthe , Hachem Kamal
Published: July 2023

Pseudoaneurysms are frequent vascular anomalies. This review article aims to describe the unique specific aspect of pseudoaneurysm (PSA) that allows to make the diagnosis using different modalities: colour Doppler ultrasound, computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and conventional angiography. It is essential to know the various aetiologies of PSA: iatrogenic, traumatic, dissecting and anastomotic; different locations and the possible complications, information to help clinicians choose the best treatment. Our review is supported by illustrated series of cases.
The impact of nasal packing on skull base reconstruction and quality‐of‐life outcomes following endoscopic skull base surgery
Authors: Abiri Arash , Nguyen Theodore V. , Li Ji Y. , Shan David , Hsu Timothy , Pang Jonathan C. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C.
Published: July 2023

Key Points

Nasal packing type was not associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks

Nondissolvable packing conferred an increased risk for postoperative sinonasal infections

Nasal packing type did not influence short‐ and long‐term quality‐of‐life scores
FDG‐PET markers of heterogeneity and different risk of progression in amnestic MCI
Authors: Caminiti Silvia Paola , De Francesco Silvia , Tondo Giacomo , Galli Alice , Redolfi Alberto , Perani Daniela ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Interceptor Project
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is emerging as a heterogeneous condition.

METHODS

We looked at a cohort of N = 207 aMCI subjects, with baseline fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET), T1 magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and neuropsychological assessment. An algorithm based on FDG‐PET hypometabolism classified each subject into subtypes, then compared biomarker measures and clinical progression.

RESULTS

Three subtypes emerged: hippocampal sparing–cortical hypometabolism, associated with younger age and the highest level of Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐CSF pathology; hippocampal/cortical hypometabolism, associated with a high percentage of APOE ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 carriers; medial–temporal hypometabolism, characterized by older age, the lowest AD‐CSF pathology, the most severe hippocampal atrophy, and a benign course. Within the whole cohort, the severity of temporo‐parietal hypometabolism, correlated with AD‐CSF pathology and marked the rate of progression of cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

FDG‐PET can distinguish clinically comparable aMCI at single‐subject level with different risk of progression to AD dementia or stability. The obtained results can be useful for the optimization of pharmacological trials and automated‐classification models.

Highlights

Algorithm based on FDG‐PET hypometabolism demonstrates distinct subtypes across aMCI;

Three different subtypes show heterogeneous biological profiles and risk of progression;

The cortical hypometabolism is associated with AD pathology and cognitive decline;

MTL hypometabolism is associated with the lowest conversion rate and CSF‐AD pathology.
Associations of the A/T/N profiles in PET, CSF, and plasma biomarkers with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Bo , Tan Lan , Gao Pei‐Yang , Ma Ya‐Hui , Fu Yan , Sun Yan , Yu Jin‐Tai ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

To examine the extent to which positron emission tomography (PET)‐, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐, and plasma‐related amyloid‐β/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarkers are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology at autopsy.

METHODS

A total of 100 participants who respectively underwent antemortem biomarker measurements and postmortem neuropathology were included in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We examined the associations of PET‐, CSF‐, and plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combinations or alone with AD neuropathological changes (ADNC).

RESULTS

PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combination showed high concordance with the ADNC stage and alone showed high accuracy in discriminating autopsy‐confirmed AD. However, the plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers alone showed better discriminative performance only when combined with apolipoprotein E (APO)E ε4 genotype.

DISCUSSION

This study supports that PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N profiles can be used to predict accurately the stages of AD neuropathology. For diagnostic settings, PET‐, CSF‐, and plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers are all useful diagnostic tools to detect the presence of AD neuropathology.

HIGHLIGHTS

PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers in combination can accurately predict the specific stages of AD neuropathology.

PET‐ and CSF‐related A/T/N biomarkers alone may serve as a precise diagnostic tool for detecting AD neuropathology at autopsy.

Plasma‐related A/T/N biomarkers may need combined risk factors when used as a diagnostic tool.

Aβ PET and CSF p‐tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with Aβ pathology, while tau PET and CSF p‐tau181/Aβ42 were most consistent with tau pathology.
Single‐Exosome Counting and 3D, Subdiffraction Limit Localization Using Dynamic Plasmonic Nanoaperture Label‐Free Imaging
Authors: Mallick Mohammad Sadman , Misbah Ibrahim , Ohannesian Nareg , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: July 2023

Blood‐circulating exosomes as a disease biomarker have great potential in clinical applications as they contain molecular information about their parental cells. However, label‐free characterization of exosomes is challenging due to their small size. Without labeling, exosomes are virtually indistinguishable from other entities of similar size. Over recent years, several techniques have been developed to overcome the existing challenges. This article demonstrates a new label‐free approach based on dynamic PlAsmonic NanO‐apeRture lAbel‐free iMAging (D‐PANORAMA), a bright‐field technique implemented on arrayed gold nanodisks on invisible substrates (AGNIS). PANORAMA provides high surface sensitivity and has been shown to count single 25 nm polystyrene beads previously. Herein, it is shown that using the dynamic imaging mode, D‐PANORAMA can yield 3D, subdiffraction limited localization of individual 25 nm beads. Furthermore, D‐PANORAMA's capability to size, count, and localize the 3D, subdiffraction limited position of individual exosomes is demonstrated as they bind to the AGNIS surface. The importance of both the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane localization, which exploit the synergy of 2D imaging and the intensity contrast, is emphasized.
Responsive Smart Materials from Energy Transition of Biomolecular Structural Changes
Authors: Miao Shuting , Tao Fei , Yang Peng
Published: July 2023

Herein, the use of biomolecules is reviewed as raw materials for creating functional responsive materials with a variety of tunable properties, including physicochemical and mechanical properties. Through self‐assembly/coassembly, self‐powered smart devices can be designed, which aim to create efficient and stable transformation systems within existing energy relations. These systems can respond to various chemical or physical stimuli, triggering reassembly and completing potential energy conversion through conformational changes at the molecular and mesoscopic scales. This energy conversion provides the necessary energy for macroscopic feedback behavior. Herein, bionic devices are presented that can perform energy conversion completely and autonomously and discuss the mechanism of energy conversion between different chemical potentials, kinetic, or thermal energies.
A pre‐mold study of alkaline‐silane treated EFB‐PP composites based on thermal and rheological analysis
Authors: Abdullah Che Ibrahim , Abd Rahman Nor Mas Mira , Hassan Aziz
Published: July 2023

Rheological and thermal properties are important parameters to understand the role of the numerous variables involved in manufacturing and to achieve a high‐quality final product. The composites were prepared by compounding polypropylene (PP) with treated (alkaline and silane) oil‐palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using a twin screw extruder. Generally, regardless of fiber loading, the thermal stability of EFBPP composites was increased after using alkaline and silane‐treated EFB fibers as reinforcement. DSC analysis shows that there is a change in the melting temperature (Tm) and the degree of crystallinity (Xc) values of the EFB composites. The melt flow rate (MFR) of the composites decreased while viscosity increased with an increase in fiber loading. Rheological analysis reveals the composites to have a viscoelastic solid behavior where storage modulus (G') is greater than loss modulus (G“). The composites exhibit predominantly viscous behaviour (G" > G') at lower frequencies, whereas at higher frequencies the composites exhibit elastic behavior (G' > G”). The decrement of complex viscosity (η*) with an increasing angular frequency (ω) shows the materials exhibit shear thinning behavior. The composites also show the ability for regeneration when analyzed using time‐dependent behavior.
Understanding UK university academic staff attitudes towards recognising and responding to student radicalisation
Authors: Pearce Julia M. , Lindekilde Lasse , Parker David
Published: July 2023

Higher education institutions in England, Scotland and Wales have an obligation under the 2015 Counter Terrorism and Security Act to protect students from being drawn into terrorism. This legislation has proved controversial, with concerns about the securitisation of education, as well as fears of over‐reporting which could stigmatise individuals or communities. Despite the significance of the Act to the education sector and concerns about the implications of compelling educators to report radicalisation concerns, there is limited empirical research exploring how teachers and academics have engaged with the policy. The evidence for higher education settings is particularly limited. This study employed a survey experiment with 1003 academics working in British universities to examine willingness and ability to recognise and respond to student radicalisation. Our data provides no evidence for over‐reporting. Rather, it suggests that academics teaching in British universities are uncertain about radicalisation risk and ambivalent about reporting concerns. Reporting ambivalence is driven by a lack of confidence about appropriate reporting thresholds, concerns about negative consequences of reporting and free speech values. Previous experience of dealing with a student of concern and Prevent training are associated with increased commitment to reporting concerns. The results suggest that Prevent training could be enhanced by targeting more experienced academics and tackling concerns about the tensions between the Prevent duty and freedom of speech policies and values. However, for this training to be effective it is essential that it is credible for an audience that is used to engaging with deep thinking on challenging issues.
Personalized facial makeup transfer based on outline correspondence
Authors: Gao Mengying , Wang Pengjie
Published: July 2023

Most existing makeup transfer techniques focus on light makeup styles, which limits the task of makeup transfer to color manipulation issues such as eye shadow and lip gloss. However, the makeup in real life is diverse and personalized, not only the most basic foundation, eye makeup, but also the painted patterns on the face, jewelry decoration and other personalized makeup. Inspired by the painting steps of drawing the outline first and then coloring, we propose a makeup transfer network for personalized makeup, which realizes face makeup transfer by learning outline correspondence. Specifically, we propose the outline feature extraction module and outline loss that can promote outline correspondence. Our network can not only transfer daily light makeup, but also complete transfer for complex facial painting patterns. Experiments show that our method can obtain visually more accurate makeup transfer results. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper achieves superior results in extreme makeup transfer compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Stone removal in a 5‐year‐old child with extrahepatic biliary obstruction usingERCP: A case report and a mini‐review
Authors: Niknam Ramin , Mortazavi Seyede Maryam Mahdavi , Jahromi Mehdi Ghaderian , Davoodi Marzieh , Soheili Marzieh , Ataollahi Maryam , Moshfeghinia Reza
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

ERCP is a safe and effective method for managing biliary obstruction in children. A case report illustrates successful removal of a bile duct stone in a 5‐year‐old child using ERCP. Pediatric ERCP is a viable option for treating biliary diseases in well‐equipped centers, alongside other approaches.

We describe a 5‐year‐old child with extrahepatic biliary stone who successfully underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for stone removal. He suffered from persistent colicky abdominal pain accompanied by fever that confirmed biliary stone. ERCP along with other methods, can be considered a safe procedure for managing BD in children.
An InOx Surface Enrichment on the Cu Nanoparticles for the Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Kong Deyong , Li Didi , Wang Zhen , Jin Shiqing , Qu Kai , Jiang Zhaocong , Lei Linfeng , Zhu Minghui , Xu Zhi
Published: July 2023

In the realm of heterogeneous catalysts promoted by indium, indium often covers other active metals, thereby compromising catalytic activity. However, the inhibition mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between copper (Cu) and indium oxide (InOx), focusing on the role of the Cu−In interface during the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction. Utilizing a series of (quasi) in situ characterization techniques, we observe a decrease in intrinsic catalytic activity for MSR on the CuIn/Al2O3 catalyst, which can be attributed to the surface enrichment of InOx on Cu nanoparticles. Moreover, our findings reveal that the enrichment suppresses both the dehydrogenation of *CH3O and the dissociation of H2O, ultimately leading to a reduction in catalytic activity. This discovery has the potential to guide the rational design of enhanced indium‐based catalysts in the future.
Desilicated ZSM‐5 Catalysts: Properties and Ethanol to Aromatics (ETA) Performance
Authors: Dittmann Daniel , Kaya Elif , Dyballa Michael
Published: July 2023

Herein, desilication in increasingly harsh conditions was used to introduce mesopores into two different industrial ZSM‐5 catalysts (Si/Al ratio 11 or 29). For desilicated samples, increasing BET surface areas, mesopore volumes, and Si(OH) densities were noted. Brønsted acid site (BAS) densities increased upon desilication, as formerly inaccessible BAS in blocked pores became available, while the strength of the BAS was maintained upon desilication. Using KOH instead of NaOH as desilication agent can increase the mesopore volume generated per mass loss. The correlations between desilication strength and properties were largely determined by the parent Si/Al ratio. In general the introduced mesopores increased lifetimes in the ETA conversion, while additional Si(OH) groups introduced by desilication reduce the lifetime again. The lifetime is thus determined by a complex interplay of BAS density, improved reactant transport by introduced mesopores and Si(OH) density. There were no additional aromatics formed in desilicated samples during the conversion of ethanol and the samples were, in terms of aromatic yield, outperformed by a microporous parent. However, as result of longer lifetimes less ethanol was lost due to coke formation. It is concluded that desilication should be combined with other post‐modifications to increase aromatic production and lifetime.
RAD51 as a biomarker for homologous recombination deficiency in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma: robustness and interobserver variability of the RAD51 test
Authors: Kramer Claire JH , Llop‐Guevara Alba , Yaniz‐Galende Elisa , Pellegrino Benedetta , ter Haar Natalja T , Herencia‐Ropero Andrea , Campanini Nicoletta , Musolino Antonino , Bosse Tjalling , Leary Alexandra , Serra Violeta , Vreeswijk Maaike PG
Published: July 2023

The RAD51 test is emerging as a promising biomarker for the assessment of functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Yet, the robustness and reproducibility of the immunofluorescence‐based RAD51 test, in different academic laboratories, have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we tested the performance of the RAD51 assay in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) samples in four European laboratories. Here, we confirm that subtle differences in staining procedures result in low variability of RAD51 and γH2AX scores. However, substantial variability in RAD51 scoring was observed in some samples, likely due to complicating technical and biological features, such as high RAD51 signal‐to‐noise ratio and RAD51 heterogeneity. These results support the need to identify and perform additional quality control steps and/or automating image analysis. Altogether, resolving technical issues should be a priority, as identifying tumours with functional HRD is urgently needed to guide the individual treatment of HGSOC patients. Follow‐up studies are needed to define the key tissue quality requirements to assess HRD by RAD51 in FFPE tumour samples, as this test could help in guiding the individual treatment of HGSOC patients.
miR‐100 rs1834306 a > G polymorphism decreases neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children
Authors: Han Yufeng , Chang Jiaming , Lin Lei , Zhou Chunlei , Zhu Jinhong , Wu Haiyan , He Jing , Fu Wen
Published: July 2023

Background

Neuroblastoma is a common malignant tumor stemming from the sympathetic nervous system in children, which is often life‐threatening. The genetics of neuroblastoma remains unclear. Studies have shown that miRNAs participate in the regulation of a broad spectrum of biological pathways. The abnormity in the miRNA is associated with the risk of various cancers, including neuroblastoma. However, research on the relationship of miRNA polymorphisms with neuroblastoma susceptibility is still in the initial stage.

Methods

In this research, a retrospective case–control study was conducted to explore whether miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism is associated with neuroblastoma susceptibility. We enrolled 402 cases and 473 controls for the study. The logistic regression analysis was adopted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G and neuroblastoma risk.

Results

Our results elucidated that the miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism was associated with the decreased risk of neuroblastoma (AG versus AA: adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53–0.98, and P = 0.038). The subsequent stratified analysis further found that rs1834306 AG/GG genotype reduced the risk of neuroblastoma in the subgroup with tumors of the mediastinum origin (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41–0.95, and P = 0.029).

Conclusions

In summary, miR‐100 rs1834306 A > G polymorphism was shown to associate with decreased neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children, especially for neuroblastoma of mediastinum origin. This conclusion needs to be verified in additional large‐size case–control studies.
Grazing intensity effects on sward responses of UF Riata Bahiagrass
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux José C. B. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Vela Garcia Carlos C. , Silva Gleise M. , Siqueira Michelle C. B. , Jaramillo David M. , van Cleef Flávia O. S. , Zagato Luana Q. S. D. , Abreu Daciele S. , DiLorenzo Nicolas
Published: July 2023

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is a rhizomatous, perennial, warm‐season forage widely grown in the southeastern United States "UF Riata" bahiagrass is more upright growing with greater herbage production when days are shorter compared with most other cultivars. Lesser daylength sensitivity extends the grazing season, but in combination with more upright growth may negatively affect persistence under grazing, especially if out‐of‐season herbage production interferes with normal reserve storage. This 3‐year study investigated above and belowground sward responses of UF Riata bahiagrass to three levels of post‐grazing herbage mass (HM) (500 [heavy grazing, HG], 1500 [moderate grazing], or 2500 [light grazing, LG] kg DM ha−1, where DM is dry matter) imposed by mob stocking every 14 days. Total herbage accumulation (HA) and HA rate were not affected by treatment. Crude protein (CP) was affected by treatment × grazing cycle × year, whereas in vitro digestible organic matter concentrations were affected by treatment × year and grazing cycle × year. Root–rhizome biomass (12,940–9230 kg OM ha−1, where OM is organic matter) and soil cover percentage (97%–93%) decreased linearly as grazing intensity increased from LG to HG. Proportion of non‐planted grasses was 34% and 17% in HG and LG swards, respectively. Proportion of non‐grass weeds increased across treatments from 2% to 22% over the years. Moderate grazing could maintain similar CP to HG, and similar root–rhizome biomass to LG. Thus, considering both sward persistence and forage nutritive value, a target post‐grazing HM of ≈1500 kg DM ha−1 is recommended when UF Riata pastures are grazed every 2 weeks.
Robust and Intimate Interface Enabled by Silicon Carbide as an Additive to Anodes for Lithium Metal Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Srivastava Pavitra , Liao Yu‐Kai , Iputera Kevin , Hu Shu‐Fen , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: July 2023

Garnet‐type solid‐state electrolytes are among the most reassuring candidates for the development of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMB) because of their wide electrochemical stability window and chemical feasibility with lithium. However, issues such as poor physical contact with Li metal tend to limit their practical applications. These problems were addressed using β‐SiC as an additive to the Li anode, resulting in improved wettability over Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) and establishing an improved interfacial contact. At the Li–SiC|LLZTO interface, intimacy was induced by a lithiophilic Li4SiO4 phase, whereas robustness was attained through the hard SiC phase. The optimized Li–SiC|LLZTO|Li–SiC symmetric cell displayed a low interfacial impedance of 10 Ω cm2 and superior cycling stability at varying current densities up to 5800 h. Moreover, the modified interface could achieve a high critical current density of 4.6 mA cm−2 at room temperature and cycling stability of 1000 h at 3.5 mA cm−2. The use of mechanically superior materials such as SiC as additives for the preparation of a composite anode may serve as a new strategy for robust garnet‐based SSLMB.
Fabrication of Hematite Photoanode Consisting of (110)‐Oriented Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , He Yujie , Bao Xiaolei , Wang Zhaoqi , Jiang Weiyi , Zheng Liren , Fan Yuchen , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Wang Peng , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Huang Baibiao
Published: July 2023

In this work, α‐Fe2O3 photoanode consisted of (110)‐oriented α‐Fe2O3 single crystals were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. By using particular additive (C4MimBF4) and regulation of hydrothermal reaction time, the Fe‐25 consisted of a single‐layer of highly crystalline (110)‐oriented crystals with fewer grain boundaries, which was vertically grown on the substrate. As a result, the charge separation efficiency and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of Fe‐25A (Fe‐25 after dehydration treatment) have been greatly improved. Fe‐25A yields a photocurrent of 1.34 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs RHE) and an incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 31.95 % (380 nm). With the assistance of cobalt–phosphate water oxidation catalyst (Co−Pi), the PEC performance could be further improved by enhancing the holes transfer at electrode/electrolyte interface and inhibiting surface recombination. Fe‐25A/Co−Pi yields a photocurrent of 2.67 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs RHE) and IPCE value of 50.8 % (380 nm), which is 3.67 times and 2.39 times as that of Fe‐2A/Co−Pi. Our work provides a simple method to fabricate highly efficient Fe2O3 photoanodes consist of characteristic (110)‐oriented single crystals with high crystallinity and high quality interface contact to enhance charge separation efficiencies.
Current and transconductance mode full/half‐wave rectifiers realized with only one active block
Authors: Petrović Predrag B.
Published: July 2023

This research paper introduces a novel active building block for full/half‐wave (inverse) rectifier circuits, eliminating the need for passive elements. The paper presents two alternative implementations: a current mode approach utilizing MO‐CFTA (multiple output current follower transconductance amplifier) and a transconductance mode approach utilizing MO‐VDTA (multiple output voltage differencing transconductance amplifier). Both circuit configurations exhibit favorable zero‐crossing characteristics and exceptional linearity. The transconductance mode rectifier enables electronic control of the output current signal by adjusting the applied bias currents. The circuits are designed with simplicity and compactness in mind, making them highly suitable for integration into IC circuits. The analysis investigates the impact of non‐idealities and parasitic effects, although the absence of passive elements results in minimal parasitic effects. Simulation results conducted using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology and a ±0.9‐V supply voltage align closely with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations and corner analysis are employed to evaluate the circuit's robustness. To validate the feasibility of the proposed solution, experimental tests are performed using commercially available components. The designs are implemented on Cadence Virtuoso, and post‐layout measurements are conducted to further verify the proposed solutions.
Simple predictive torque control of an open‐end winding interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive without weighting factor for electric vehicle applications
Authors: Bharath Kumar Kasoju , Praveen Kumar Kunisetti V.
Published: July 2023

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives are effectively used in the application of electric vehicles (EVs) due to their ease of construction and simpler in operation. Model predictive control (MPC) is an efficient control strategy used in motion control applications. Predictive torque control (PTC) is a type of MPC that selects a suitable voltage vector (VV) from a set of 19 VVs in order to minimize the cost function. However, as the control variables in the cost function in PTC are distinct, a weighting factor is essential. The tuning of the weighting factor is a burdensome control process. To address the limitations, the proposed PTC (P‐PTC) removes the weighting factor by using two cost functions, thus reducing flux ripples and torque ripples. Firstly, the P‐PTC evaluates the torque cost function for 19 VVs, and the VV that gives less value of torque error is used to find the sector number. The sector number is used to choose the five VVs from that sector and evaluate flux cost function to get an optimal VV. Therefore, the P‐PTC give less ripples in torque and flux by enhancing steady‐state response. The effectiveness of the P‐PTC is validated through both simulation and experimentation for a 3.7 kW OEW‐IPMSM drive using d‐SPACE RTI1104 controller. The P‐PTC is also tested with a typical urban dynamometer drive cycle (UDDC) with rapid accelerations and decelerations to ensure its application in EVs using the OPAL RT 1250 controller.
Be aware of (R)‐methamphetamine: Negative immunoassay versus positive confirmation analysis
Authors: Liut Jennifer , Madea Burkhard , Krämer Michael , Maas‐Gramlich Alexandra
Published: July 2023

The amphetamine‐type stimulant methamphetamine exists in two enantiomeric forms, (S)‐methamphetamine and (R)‐methamphetamine, which are both psychoactive but with the (S)‐enantiomer being more potent than the (R)‐enantiomer. Illicit methamphetamine encountered in Europe is typically a racemic mixture of both enantiomers and enantiopure (S)‐methamphetamine, respectively. However, herein we report two cases with proven enantiopure (R)‐methamphetamine consumption with moreover both cases remaining undetected by immunoassay screening. Inconspicuous immunoassay findings can be traced back to a considerably higher sensitivity and concentration‐dependent cross‐reactivity of the applied drug of abuse assay for the (S)‐enantiomer of methamphetamine compared with the (R)‐enantiomer, and this limitation should be well known by users of immunoassay drug tests.
Speciation rates are unrelated to the formation of population structure in Malagasy gemsnakes
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Ruane Sara , Rabibisoa Nirhy , Raselimanana Achille P. , Raxworthy Christopher J. , Kuhn Arianna
Published: July 2023

Speciation rates vary substantially across the tree of life. These rates should be linked to the rate at which population structure forms if a continuum between micro and macroevolutionary patterns exists. Previous studies examining the link between speciation rates and the degree of population formation in clades have been shown to be either correlated or uncorrelated depending on the group, but no study has yet examined the relationship between speciation rates and population structure in a young group that is constrained spatially to a single‐island system. We examine this correlation in 109 gemsnakes (Pseudoxyrhophiidae) endemic to Madagascar and originating in the early Miocene, which helps control for extinction variation across time and space. We find no relationship between rates of speciation and the formation rates of population structure over space in 33 species of gemsnakes. Rates of speciation show low variation, yet population structure varies widely across species, indicating that speciation rates and population structure are disconnected. We suspect this is largely due to the persistence of some lineages not susceptible to extinction. Importantly, we discuss how delimiting populations versus species may contribute to problems understanding the continuum between shallow and deep evolutionary processes.
Neutral theory and beyond: A systematic review of molecular evolution education
Authors: Forsythe Desiree , Hsu Jeremy L.
Published: July 2023

Molecular evolution—including the neutral theory of molecular evolution—is a major sub‐discipline of evolution and is widely taught in undergraduate evolution courses. However, despite its ubiquity, there have not been any previous attempts to compile and review the molecular evolution education literature. Here, we draw upon the framework proposed in a past literature review examining the broader evolution education landscape to conduct a literature review of papers related to molecular evolution education, classifying the contributions of such papers to evolution pedagogy as well as evolution education research. We find that there remains very limited coverage of molecular evolution in the education literature, with existing papers focusing primarily on providing new instructional modules and strategies for teaching molecular evolution. Our work suggests several areas of critical need as well as opportunities to advance evolution education and evolution education research, including compiling instructional goals for the sub‐discipline, developing validated assessments, and investigating student thinking related to molecular evolution. We conclude by providing general strategies, advice, and a novel curricular activity for teaching molecular evolution and the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
Molecular phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in Sibynophis from China (Serpentes: Sibynophiidae)
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Ping , Lyu Bing , Liu Qin , Zheng Jieyu , Fu Chunmei , Wu Yayong , Shu Guocheng , Hou Shaobing
Published: July 2023

The elucidation of species diversity and distribution is critical within the fields of evolution, genetics, and conservation. The genus Sibynophis contains rare snakes that have historically received little attention. In this study, we conducted comprehensive sampling and use both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to explore Sibynophis species diversity within China. Our findings revealed that S. c. miyiensis should be considered synonymous with S. c. grahami, and S. c. grahami should be gave a specific rank as S. grahami. In addition, we discovered S. triangularis was new to China and Myanmar. Based on the specimens and molecular phylogeny results, we redefined the species distribution boundaries of each Chinese species.
Mutualistic interactions between ants and fungi: A review
Authors: Dejean Alain , Azémar Frédéric , Naskrecki Piotr , Tindo Maurice , Rossi Vivien , Faucher Christian , Gryta Hervé
Published: July 2023

The large amount of dead plant biomass caused by the final extinction events triggered a fungi proliferation that mostly differentiated into saprophytes degrading organic matter; others became parasites, predators, likely commensals, and mutualists. Among the last, many have relationships with ants, the most emblematic seen in the Neotropical myrmicine Attina that cultivate Basidiomycota for food. Among them, leaf‐cutting, fungus‐growing species illustrate an ecological innovation because they grow fungal gardens from fresh plant material rather than arthropod frass and plant debris. Myrmecophytes shelter “plant‐ants” in hollow structures, the domatia, whose inner walls are lined with thin‐walled Ascomycota hyphae that, in certain cases, are eaten by the ants, showing a form of convergence. Typically, these Ascomycota have antibacterial properties illustrating cases of farming for protection. Ant gardens, or mutualistic associations between certain ant species and epiphytes, shelter endophytic fungi that promote the growth of the epiphytes. Because the cell walls of certain Ascomycota hyphae remain sturdy after the death of the mycelium, they form resistant fibers used by ants to reinforce their constructions (e.g., galleries, shelters for tended hemipterans, and carton nests). Thus, we saw cases of “true” fungal agriculture involving planting, cultivating, and harvesting Basidiomycota for food with Attina. A convergence with “plant‐ants” feeding on Ascomycota whose antibacterial activity is generally exploited (i.e., farming for protection). The growth of epiphytes was promoted by endophytic fungi in ant gardens. Finally, farming for structural materials occurred with, in one case, a leaf‐cutting, fungus‐growing ant using Ascomycota fibers to reinforce its nests.
Bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐substituted Porphyrins‐Characterization and Solubility
Authors: Grössl Doris M. , Hafner Anna‐Viktoria , Fischer Roland C. , Saf Robert , Torvisco Ana , Uhlig Frank
Published: July 2023

Investigation of the solubility behavior ofpara‐substituted (H, Me,t‐Bu,n‐Bu)meso‐tetraarylporphyrins as well asmeso‐tetraalkylporphyrins (Me,n‐Pr,n‐Bu) were performed. An increase of solubility in chloroform and benzene is detected according to the higher functionality inparaposition of the phenyl ring formeso‐tetraarylporphyrins or inmesoposition onmeso‐tetraalkylporphyrins. Furthermore, the series of bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐tetraarylporphyrin and bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐tetraalkylporphyrin was investigated via UV/Vis spectroscopy,119Sn‐NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Raphanus sativus functional potential: Impact of the analytical extraction technique on the bioaccessibility interpretation
Authors: Ramirez Daniela , Beretta Vanesa , Torres‐Palazzolo Carolina , Camargo Alejandra B.
Published: July 2023

Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) are cruciferous vegetables with remarkable nutraceutical properties given their distinctive isothiocyanates (ITCs) profile. These compounds are formed after glucosinolates‐Myrosinase enzymolysis. Although it is important to characterize radishes' ITCs levels, it is also necessary to evaluate the bioactive compounds' physiological fate after radishes ingestion. To do so, the extraction techniques should adapt to such conditions of high aqueous environment. In this work, we studied the bioaccessibility of ITCs and indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) in radishes taproots considering the analytical implications of this biological process. Results showed that ITCs and indole profiles in the radish's taproots after aqueous‐myrosinase hydrolysis followed by Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction were distinctively different from other reports. After in vitro digestion, raphasatin showed the highest bioaccessibility despite its low quantitative yields. Notably, I3C and S‐Sulforaphene become promising phytochemicals, due to their bioaccessibility and their considerable remaining amounts after digestion.
Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes
Authors: Pretschuh Patrick , Egger Andreas , Brunner Roland , Bucher Edith
Published: July 2023

Strontium segregation (coupled to phase decomposition and impurity poisoning) and electrode delamination are two of the most important degradation mechanisms currently limiting the long‐term stability of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell (SOFC and SOEC) air electrodes. The present study aims to demonstrate that air electrodes made of entropy‐stabilized multi‐component oxides can mitigate these degradation mechanisms while providing excellent cell performance. A SOEC utilizing La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ (LPNSSC) as an air electrode delivers −1.56 A/cm2 at 1.2 V at 800°C. This performance exceeds that of a commercial cell with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ (LSC) air electrode, which reaches −1.43 A/cm2. In a long‐term electrolysis test, the LPNSSC cell shows stable performance during 700 h, while the LSC cell degrades continuously. Post‐mortem analyses by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicate complete delamination of the LSC electrode, while LPNSSC shows excellent adhesion. The amount of secondary phases formed (esp. SrSO4) is also much lower in LPNSSC compared to LSC. In conclusion, the high‐entropy perovskite LPNSSC is a promising option for air electrodes of solid oxide cells. While LPNSSC can compete with ‒ or even outperform ‒ LSC air electrodes in terms of electrochemical performance, it could be particularly advantageous in terms of long‐term stability in SOEC mode.
Not just Glia—Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse
Authors: Frumer Gal Ronit , Shin Sun‐Hye , Jung Steffen , Kim Jung‐Seok
Published: July 2023

Macrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border‐associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
Oncological outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: A single‐center study
Authors: Yamada Akihiro , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Uehara Natsumi , Iritani Keisuke , Tatehara Shun , Furukawa Tatsuya , Teshima Masanori , Miyawaki Daisuke , Fujita Takeshi , Kakigi Akinobu , Kiyota Naomi , Sasaki Ryohei , Nibu Ken‐ichi
Published: July 2023

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EACSCC) is a rare condition. However, a standard treatment has not yet been established. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy, adverse events, and feasibility of TPF‐CCRT (concomitant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil) in patients with advanced EACSCC.

Methods

Thirty‐five consecutive patients with advanced EACSCC (T3, T4) initially treated with TPF‐CCRT at Kobe University Hospital were included. T4 diseases with invasion of the brain, internal carotid artery, or internal jugular vein were classified as T4b, and those without these features were classified as T4a.

Results

Five‐year overall survival rates for T3 and T4 were 100% and 64.2%, respectively. A significant difference was observed between T4a and T4b (82.4% vs. 30%, p = 0.007). Five‐year progression‐free survival rates of T3, T4a, and T4b were 100%, 68%, and 20% (p = 0.022), respectively.

Conclusions

TPF‐CCRT should be considered as a plausible treatment option for advanced EACSCC.
Initiating the first rheumatic heart disease clinic in Cameroon: A descriptive study
Authors: Njedock Nelson , Yanwou Nathan , Wotol Maxime , Shu Beckly , Azanfack Raisa , Nkoke Clovis , Chelo David
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant cause of heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa. The causes of death from RHD are multiple, many of which can be prevented with appropriate follow‐up of patients and effective secondary prophylaxis. An RHD Clinic was initiated to attempt a solution in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Over 6 months, its impact was evaluated.

Methods

Two echocardiography registers were accessed, and patients diagnosed with RHD between 2005 and 2018 were contacted. Consenting carers and patients pioneered the first RHD Clinic. Activities of the clinic comprised health education, medical visits, and benzylpenicillin G (BPG) injections. Text messages and phone calls were used to remind patients of their monthly appointments.

Results

Out of 1200 first‐time cardiac ethnographies, 70 patients (5.83%) had been diagnosed with RHD. The case fatality rate of RHD was 16.67%. Twenty‐three patients were successfully registered and followed‐up by the clinic, 70% of whom were female. The age range was 4−22 years. Fifty‐three percent had an NYHA score of 2 or more at the time of admission into the clinic. There was an increase in adherence to secondary prophylaxis with BPG from 42.9% at baseline to 87%−95% in the last 3 months.

Conclusion

Our short experience running an RHD Clinic was marked by increased treatment adherence among persons living with RHC.
Evans syndrome during pembrolizumab therapy for upper urinary tract cancer
Authors: Kakita Shota , Matsuo Tomohiro , Ohki Masaharu , Tsuchiyama Ayaka , Yasuda Takuji , Nakanishi Hiromi , Mitsunari Kensuke , Ohba Kojiro , Imamura Ryoichi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are available for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma; however, serious adverse events occasionally occur. Here, we report a rare case of Evans syndrome attributed to the use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old man was diagnosed with left renal pelvic cancer and underwent left laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy. Eight months postoperatively, computed tomography revealed para‐aortic lymph node metastasis. Despite receiving chemotherapy, the disease progressed, and pembrolizumab was initiated. After 26 months of pembrolizumab treatment, the patient developed fever and anemia. Hematologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Evans syndrome. He was treated with blood transfusions and corticosteroids, and gradual symptom improvement was observed.

Conclusion

This report highlights the potential risk of Evans syndrome associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility and consider early intervention with corticosteroids.
Using normalized echo state network to detect abnormal ECG patterns
Authors: Wang Shenglun , Ding Chun , Wang Zhaoze , Shen Lu , Wang Junsong
Published: July 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as a prominent contributor to human mortality. Electrocardiogram (ECG) represents a widely adopted noninvasive method employed by clinicians to detect and diagnose CVDs. Nonetheless, conventional ECG‐based detection approaches for cardiac disorders tend to be time‐consuming and inefficient, necessitating the need for more effective solutions. Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of the echo state network (ESN) in detecting abnormal ECG patterns. However, traditional ESN models often face challenges such as unstable training and convergence difficulties due to variations in the range of reservoir state values. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel approach called the normalized echo state network (NESN). The NESN method normalizes the states of all neurons within the reservoir before applying the nonlinear activation function. In our study, we conducted performance evaluations of the proposed model using the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database. We performed a synergistical analysis to investigate the impact of reservoir parameters on the network performance. The experimental results demonstrated promising outcomes, with an accuracy of 99.1% and an F1‐score of 96.4%. Specifically, for detecting abnormal ECG patterns, our model achieved a sensitivity of 90.2%, a positive predictive value of 96.6%, and a specificity of 99.8%. These results highlight the superior performance of our classifier compared to most traditional mainstream heartbeat detection methods and ring topology ESN model.