bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of mortgage divisions of PJSC VTB 24
Authors: Kudryavtseva N. N. , Pakhomova Yu. V. , Duvanova Y. N.
Published: December 2018

The new model of organizational structure of the center of mortgage lending of PJSC VTB 24 on the basis of the analysis of organizational structure of the center of mortgage lending of PJSC VTB 24 which has revealed the shortcomings following from division of the mortgage direction into the front and the BEK-zone is presented in article. Such division is illogical and isn't built in the general concept of development of the Bank seeking to provide uniform standards of communications and to increase penetration into the operating client base, having increased quantity of banking products on one client. To force the mortgage portfolio to work more effectively, having created conditions to involvement ОЗиСИС into cross-sales of banking products, it is possible having united the CEC under one chief and having set as this uniform chief the purposes both on sales, and on high-quality escort of the acting clients. In 2017 become strategic tasks of bank high-quality portfolio growth, the Bank has passed from extensive development to intensive. It creates prerequisites for strengthening efforts on penetration into the operating client base again. It is also possible to increase commission income if to pronounce with clients structure of the transaction at a consultation stage, actively offering transactions not through cash - non-cash payment, and with use of a letter of credit form of calculation or safety-deposit boxes. The new model of organizational structure of the center of mortgage lending means the high involvement of all staff of department into tasks as sales and high-quality support of department and excludes readdressing of the client between departments, misunderstanding and duplication of functions.
Formation and use of human potential of rural areas
Authors: Bogutskiy V. A. , Volkova A. G.
Published: December 2018

The article reveals the limitations and possibilities of formation and use of human potential of rural areas in the modern transitive conditions of the Russian economy. The authors reveal the features and limitations of human development management in rural areas, substantiate the need to take into account specific risks. The purpose of the authors' research, the results of which can be found in the article, was to identify typical problems of formation and use of human potential of rural areas, a review of their development risks that can significantly affect the dynamics of human potential growth of the studied areas. To achieve the goal of the research, the authors have consistently solved the following problems: the evolution of the interest of theorists and practitioners of management to the sustainable development of human potential of rural areas, the assessment of the potential of formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region, outlined ways to overcome negative trends in the formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region, conditions of formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region are revealed. The authors conducted a search for opportunities and directions of formation and use of human potential of rural areas on the example of the Voronezh region. The article discusses the elemental composition of the organizational and management mechanism of the process of formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region. The authors pay attention to the problems of maintaining an effective organizational structure of management of the process of formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region, they make proposals for the coordination of the process and adjustment of the formation and use of human potential of rural areas of the Voronezh region.
Analysis and ranging of the factors of formation and development of innovative behaviour in organizations
Authors: Sabetova T. V. , Ponomarenko M. V.
Published: December 2018

The article considers t the problem of determination of the degree of influence of a number of factors on formation of innovative behavior of employees and their groups in organizations. According to the authors’ opinion, innovative activity of employees requires, on the one hand, their own abilities and motivation, and on the other hand, readiness of the organization and provision of necessary resources for employees both for creation and implementation of ideas and projects. The authors do not deny the influence of the national business culture on the features of innovative behavior and point out the need to take into account these features. However, they deny the existence of national features that obviously make innovation development of one country easier than others, and therefore consider the experience of different countries worthy of study, but at the same time its implementation is considered possible only after a critical rethinking for existing conditions. The authors point out that innovative behavior of employees is formed under the influence of factors that can be conditionally divided into those dependent and independent of management actions, the former being of particular interest due to the possibility of controlling them. Among them the following groups of factors are identified: (i) related to the peculiarities of management style; (ii) characteristics of the workplace and job responsibilities; (iii) factors related to interpersonal and intergroup relations, and (iv) organizational factors. The influence of the key factors of each group was analyzed and evaluated either from the standpoint of positive or negative impact on the formation of innovative behavior, or from the position of the strength of influence. Based on the experience of Chinese colleagues, a comparative ranking of the factors that determine the innovativeness of behavior was carried out, in terms of their significance. At the same time, the similarity of the factors determining the innovativeness of the behavior of employees in Chinese and Russian companies was revealed, but significant differences in the degree of such influence were detected. As a result, the authors’ named key success factors in the formation of innovative behavior of the staff: (i) support from the company’s management; (ii) availability of resources of all types; (iii) system of labour remuneration; (iv) composition and structure of the team, and (v) cooperation.
Institutional dysfunctions of social economy and ways of their overcoming
Authors: Vodyanenko O. I.
Published: December 2018

The social economy is considered through the prism of the theory of institutional dysfunctions. It is argued that a social economy, like any system, is characterized by a certain amount of dysfunctionality, since in reality the parameters of its activities inevitably deviate from the designed parameters. In the aspect of the functioning of the social economy, the most significant dysfunctions will be considered in the context of social policy. Social policy is designed to ensure social justice, and economic efficiency is a necessary parameter of activity in a market economy. The main institutional dysfunctions of the social policy of the state, restraining the development of the competitiveness of the Russian economy, are the following dysfunctions: the relationship "inflation - the rate of interest - investment"; low intensity of competition; corruption and administrative barriers; institutional trap (vicious circle of poverty): "low incomes of the population - low levels of investment and savings – low rates and volumes of capital accumulation – low labor productivity – low incomes of the population and low pensions"; low efficiency of the socio-economic policy of the state (underdevelopment of small business, underdevelopment of civil society institutions, low efficiency of the functioning of health care systems, education, culture, housing and communal services, e-government, etc.
Corporate financing as a special process. The role of microcredit in it is organization
Authors: Kislitsyna L. V. , Krikun E. S. , Suvorov N. S.
Published: December 2018

The operation of any company implies in practice the solution of a large number of issues, including the organization of the financing process. In the theory of corporate finance, there are different methods that significantly facilitate the work of financial managers in this part. At the same time, it is important and significant that in some cases, practitioners face a number of problems that are not prescribed by classical methods. The situation is exacerbated by the solution of financing issues within the complex structured companies, which have become a special result of the capital structuring. Their complex structure often combines the signs of formal and informal holdings. A large number of participants in these structures (such as subsidiaries and affiliates, affiliates, structural units), organization of relations with customers, suppliers and contractors significantly complicate most financial processes, including the financing process. In such cases, there is an urgency to clarify the qualitative characteristics of financing, necessity in determining the role and extent of the influence of "hidden" financing sources on the result and efficiency of capital use. Actually, microlending is the one of these sources.This type of financing is used by companies, being contractors of large businesses, use this resource for financial security purposes
Analysis of the queue buffer transmitting device through the channel multiple access with guaranteed delivery of packets
Authors: Denisenko V. V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the modeling of the process of data transmission from sensors in the industrial production of vinyl acetate. The data packets are transferred from the sensors to the control system and the control effect is directed to the temperature regulators of the gas-vapor mixture, the vapor pressure of the refrigerant. oxygen consumption and return acetic acid consumption by industrial Ethernet protocols over a multiple access channel with carrier control and detection of CSMA / CD collisions (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). The main bottleneck of the system is a limited sensor transmission buffer, which can cause data loss when it overflows, and due to improper regulatory impact. Mathematical modeling of the transmission process was carried out according to the scheme of the Markov process with continuous time and discrete states. The transmitter transmission buffer model was constructed on the basis of the state graph, each state is displayed by two elements [i, j]: i is the number of packets in the queue waiting to be sent; j - number of sent packets pending confirmation. A column of Kolmogorov equations was constructed. The solution was carried out numerically using the Maple mathematical package (Runge-Kutta-Felberg method 4-5th order). Based on the data obtained after modeling, we can conclude that the average packet transmission time, the number of lost packets with different bandwidth and channel load transfer. The adequacy of the model was confirmed with the help of experimental data, it was tested by the Fisher criterion, and the hypothesis at the level of significance of general variances was adopted. The model allows calculating the static and dynamic characteristics of the queue on a network device (they are important for calculating the functioning of the network in real time) systems for monitoring and controlling the production of vinyl acetate
A technique for controlling the course of surface processes involving adsorbed metal clusters in luminescent condensed media
Authors: Kustov A. I. , Nikel S. A.
Published: December 2018

Despite the huge amount of work devoted to the study of photostimulated processes (PSP) in crystals with a mixed type of communication, the problem of the development and improvement of information and measurement methods for monitoring the physical parameters of objects of several nanometers and the development of evaluation criteria for the use of such methods today remains relevant. From a practical point of view, relevant is the problem of developing information-measuring methods on the basis of kinetic models of the processes that allows us to offer algorithms for the application of new methods to control the processes of nucleation and modification of centers involving ions or metal atoms in crystals with a mixed type of communication, how it relates to a broad class of semiconductors. The problem of control of parameters of technological processes at early stages of new phase origin on the surface of condensed media is described. The possibility of applying the photostimulated luminescence flash (PSLF) method for luminescent crystals with ion-covalent bond is analyzed. The basic formulas allowing to estimate change of concentration of the metal particles adsorbed on a surface are resulted. The dependences of the photostimulated luminescence flash parameters on the concentration of processing solutions, which leads to the formation of clusters of varying degrees of dispersion, are considered. The model of description of process of formation of clusters from adsorbed atoms of metal is resulted. The estimation of the parameters of the centers of localization of non equilibrium charge carriers showed that within the framework of the proposed model it becomes possible to estimate the size of unstable adsorbed metal clusters. For the sample CDs: Ag, the size of such clusters was 5-7 atoms. It is proposed to use the correlation and regression model to describe the parameters of FSVL as a tool for assessing the applicability of the photostimulated luminescence flash method for monitoring surface processes on ion-covalent crystals of AgCl, ZnS, CDs. The best value of the criterion of applicability of the model FSWL was obtained for the crystal of AgCl (R2?1). For the crystals CDs the proposed method of control of technological processes must be developed according to the measurement parameters FSVL.
The development of the method for assessing the distribution of components in food
Authors: Akatov E. S. , Orlovtseva O. A. , Postovaya E. A.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the problem of assessing the quality of food products and the process of their production using the example of determining the mass fraction of sodium chloride in baked pork. Salt is an important component, the content of which is regulated by standards and technical regulations and affects all types of indicators: organoleptic, quality and safety. Standard methods of sampling and determining the mass fraction of sodium chloride - the methods of Mora and Folgrade, which establish the average value of the measured index are analyzed. As a result of the conducted studies, a method for estimating the distribution of components in a food product based on the second Fick law, which takes into account the nonstationary nature of the flow and provides for the possibility of changing the flow of atoms in the diffusion process, is proposed. The article provides a mathematical justification for the proposed methodology. Based on the methods, regulated by standards, the method allows to demonstrate clearly the values of the component content in the product mass.The developed method gives a more complete picture of the quality of products, allows us to draw conclusions about the quality of the process and the causes that affect it.This information will allow to develop a set of measures to ensure a high level of competitiveness of the food product.
A GIS Based Approach for Radiation Risk Assessment Around a Thermal Power Plant Towards Adopting Remedial Measures
Authors: Parial Kajori , Mukherjee S. , Ghosh A. R. , Sengupta D.
Published: December 2018

Coal combustion in thermal power plants releases ash. Ash is reported to cause different adverse health hazards in humans and other organisms. Owing to the presence of radionuclides, it is also considered as a potential radiation hazard. In this study, based on the surface radiation measurements and relevant ancillary data, expected radiation risk zones were identified with regard to the human population residing near the Thermal Power Plant. With population density as the risk determining criteria, about 20% of the study area was at ‘High’ risk and another 20% of the study area was at ‘Low’ risk zone. The remaining 60% was under medium risk zone. Based on the findings remedial measures which may be adopted have been suggested.
Development of Mechanical-Impedance-Varying Mechanism in Admittance Control
Authors: Tsumugiwa Toru ,   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara-miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan, Yura Miho , Kamiyoshi Atsushi , Yokogawa Ryuichi
Published: December 2018

There have been numerous studies on the physical human-robot cooperative task system with impedance/admittance control in robot motion control. However, the problem of stability persists, wherein the control system becomes unstable when the robot comes into contact with a highly stiff environment. A variable impedance control strategy was proposed to circumvent this stability problem. However, a number of studies on variable impedance control are based on the variation of a parameter in the robot motion control software, and a mechanical variable impedance control has not been proposed. The purpose of this research is to propose a mechanical variable impedance control strategy using a mechanical device based on the lever principle. The proposed mechanism can adjust the magnitude of the input force to the force sensor by changing the position of application of the operating force on the beam. Adjusting the magnitude of the input force to the force sensor is equivalent to varying the impedance parameters of the robot; therefore, it is feasible to achieve mechanical variable impedance control using the proposed mechanism. In this study, the gain adjustment characteristics of the proposed mechanism were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that the operator can vary the impedance parameters of the robot by mechanically adjusting the input force to the force sensor and operating the robot using the proposed mechanism.
Designing a Communication Field with a Transformation Method
Authors: Lu Xiangyang , Ouyang Ling , Sun Lijuan , Hu Jin , Jia Lijuan ,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology No.41 Zhongyuanzhong Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China,   School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology 5 Zhongguannan Road Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
Published: December 2018

The transformation method that was originally used to tailor the physical fields into desired spatial patterns by designing material parameters is used herein to obtain necessary local dynamic parameters when the state distribution of a network system is prescribed in space. This constitutes a typical inverse problem that controls the state distribution of a complex network by designing its local dynamic parameters. Thus, it is difficult to obtain a direct solution. This coordinate transformation provides a direct method. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated and verified by two examples (a communication field bender and a communication field cloak) in corresponding network systems.
Low-Altitude and High-Speed Terrain Tracking Method for Lightweight AUVs
Authors: Maki Toshihiro , Noguchi Yukiyasu , Kuranaga Yoshinori , Masuda Kotohiro , Sakamaki Takashi , Humblet Marc , Furushima Yasuo ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan,   Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan,   Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a new method for cruising-type autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to track rough seafloors at low altitudes while also maintaining a high surge velocity. Low altitudes are required for visual observation of the seafloor. The operation of AUVs at low altitudes and high surge velocities permits rapid seafloor imaging over a wide area. This method works without high-grade sensors, such as inertial navigation systems (INS), Doppler velocity logs (DVL), or multi-beam sonars, and it can be implemented in lightweight AUVs. The seafloor position is estimated based on a reflection intensity map defined on a vertical plane, using measurements from scanning sonar and basic sensors of depth, attitude, and surge velocity. Then, based on the potential method, a reference pitch angle is generated that allows the AUV to follow the seafloor at a constant altitude. This method was implemented in the AUV HATTORI, and a series of sea experiments were carried out to evaluate its performance. HATTORI (Highly Agile Terrain Tracker for Ocean Research and Investigation) is a lightweight and low-cost testbed designed for rapid and efficient imaging of rugged seafloors, such as those containing coral reefs. The vehicle succeeded in following a rocky terrain at an altitude of approximately 2 m with a surge velocity of approximately 0.8 m/s. This paper also presents the results of sea trials conducted at Ishigaki Island in 2017, where the vehicle succeeded in surveying the irregular, coral-covered seafloor.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISTIK DALAM PENDIDIKAN BAGI ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sulthon Sulthon
Published: December 2018

Education is a conscious effort made by adults to change behavior more positive and meaningful. Behavioral changes need to hold a variety of serious and continuous efforts through meaningful learning. Meaningful learning will be able
to make changes concerning the behavior of cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
Learning which is able to achieve all of the three domains of educational objectives
is an active learning model that is performed to build their own knowledge through
teacher designed-learning activities. Constructivist learning is learning that is capable of changing the old style of teaching where the teacher is always an active role or be a style of teaching where the teacher as a facilitator who designed learning by activating his students to learn on their own, learn to interact in a responsible group for achieving learning outcomes individually, while he provides guidance and facilitates them to learn.
FLASCHCARDS IN LANGUAGE AREA OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
Authors: Amalia Taranindya Zulhi
Published: December 2018

Flashcards menjadi hal yang sifatnya sederhana, mudah
digenggam, dan fleksibel digunakan dalam momen apapun. Rata-rata orang
menggunakan/memainkan kartu di tempat-tempat seperti di rumah, sekolah,
kantor dalam waktu senggang termasuk di arena gamling. Saat ini, kartu
tak hanya ditemukan dalam wujud nyata namun juga abstrak seperti yang
digunakan dalam game komputer, seperti FreeCell, Hearts, Solitaire etc.
Istilah ‘Flash cards’ yang telah booming dengan variasi jenisnya disebabkan
oleh kecepatan pergerakannya, secepat kilat. Disekolah, baik didalam
maupun diluar ruangan, para guru mempersiapkan flashcards sebagai media
penunjang pembelajaran. Namun kini beberapa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
(PAUD) menerapkan flashcards untuk mengundang perhatian murid-murid
dari toddlers hingga Taman Kanak-kanak (TK). Disini guru-guru tersebut
menggunakannya pada area bahasa. Tujuannya adalah agar murid-murid
PAUD dapat mempelajari kosakata bahasa yang sederhana dalam rangka
meraih kompetensi komunikatif secara lisan
INTERAKSI EDUKATIF DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM: TELAAH ATAS PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD ‘ATHIYAH AL-ABROSYI
Authors: Dwi Susanti Rini
Published: December 2018

The relationship of teachers and students is described as partners
that form symbiotic mutualism. The harmony in educational interaction
significantly impacts on the success of the learning process in the classroom.
Teachers as educators and teachers must be able to play in empowering
learners to become learners who are not qualified only intellectually but have
moral quality (akhlakul mahmudah). The educational interaction that upholds
moral principles and morals must take precedence. In view of ‘Athiyah al-
Abrosyi educational interaction in the learning process should be based ethical
principles that should be owned by teachers and learners. In the educational
interaction, the teacher has a central role. In addition to teaching, then it is
more important is the educator. The teacher described as a spiritual father
for students, in addition to providing knowledge, is educating morals. And for
learners in learning should have ethics, which in turns have an impact on the
success of the world and the hereafter.
SPOILED CHILDREN: PROBLEM DAN SOLUSI
Authors: Agustina Ema Fitria , Mailasari Dewi Ulya
Published: December 2018

Abstract:SPOILED CHILDREN: PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS. The definition
of a spoiled child may be almost the same as a child who is overly protected
by his parents. But is it true that spoiled is synonymous with 'overprotected'?
This article attempts to examine spoiled children from a
psychological point of view, beginning with the definition or characteristics
of children with spoiled categories, future consequences, causal factors,
prevention, and solutions if it is already happen. Some parents do not
realize that they have spoiled their child. This becomes a problem that
must be solved. Spoiled child is a self-centered child, he does not care about
the needs of others. Being focused on him, he demands that everything be
fulfilled now and can not wait. Unconsciously by the parents actually the
behavior is caused by permissive parents because of the condition of
parents who are tired, working, and looking for easy. For the sake of the
child's future this should be prevented by the assertiveness and consistency
of the parents themselves.

Abstrak: Definisi anak yang manja mungkin hampir sama dengan anak
yang terlalu dilindungi oleh orang tuanya. Namun apakah benar bahwa
manja identik dengan ‘over-protected?’ Artikel ini mencoba menelaah
anak manja dari sudut psikologi, dimulai dari definisi atau ciri-ciri anak
dengan kategori manja, akibat di masa datang, faktor penyebab,
pencegahan, dan solusi jika itu sudah terjadi. Sebagian orang tua tidak
menyadari bahwa mereka telah memanjakan anak mereka. Ini menjadi
menjadi problem yang harus dicarikan jalan keluarnya. Anak manja
adalah anak yang terpusat pada dirinya sendiri, ia tidak peduli dengan
kebutuhan orang lain. Karena terpusat pada dirinya, ia menuntut segala
sesuatu terpenuhi sekarang dan tidak bisa menunggu. Tanpa disadari
oleh orang tua sebenarnya perilaku itu disebabkan oleh orang tua yang
permisif karena kondisi orang tua yang lelah, bekerja, dan mencari
mudahnya. Demi masa depan anak maka hal ini harus dicegah dengan
sikap ketegasan dan kekonsistenan dari orang tua itu sendiri.
POLA ASUH ANAK CERDAS ISTIMEWA DENGAN METODE ALA ROSULULLAH SAW
Authors: Pancaningrum Novita
Published: December 2018

Abstract: PARENTING OF GIFT CHILD BY USING RASULULLAH SAW
METHOD. This Study’s aim is to know how Rosulullah’s methods is use for
Gifted Child. Gifted Child are children with Intelligence above others. They
are independent Children, doing something by themselves, don’t like being
ordered, and creating ideas. They are Children with Intelligence above 130
(Weschler’s scale). They have high and deep thinking and different attitude
if we compare them with the normal intelligence children. The method to
teach them have to adapted with their need. From 40’s method that found
by Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah, we just use 10’s method to be used for
Gifted Children: Modelling and Good Attitude method, Graduation
Teaching method, Situation and Condition’s method, Selection and
Competency method, Interaction (Ask and Answer) method, Question
method (rational thinking) Intelligence method, Analog method, Similarity
method, Drawing method. This study use Library Research Method. From
this study, we know that Rosulullah’s methods are appropriate to teach
Gifted Children with seeing each Gifted Child condition.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola asuh
ala Rosul diterapkan pada anak cerdas istimewa. Anak Cerdas Istimewa
adalah anak dengan kepandaian di atas rata-rata teman sebayanya.
Mereka merupakan anak yang mandiri, bertingkah laku autodidak, tidak
bisa didikte, dan penghasil konsep/pencipta ide. Dengan tingkat
Intelegensi di atas 130 (skala Weschler) mereka memiliki pola pemikiran
tingkat tinggi dan tidak bisa disamakan dengan teman sebayanya yang
memiliki Intelegensi normal. Pola pendidikan dan pengasuhan pun harus
disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan mereka. Dari 40 Metode Rosulullah yang
ditemukan Abdul Fattah Abu Ghuddah, peneliti hanya memakai 10 metode
yang diterapkan pada Anak Cerdas Istimewa, yaitu: Metode Modelling dan
Etika Mulia, Metode Pengajaran Graduasi, Metode Situasional dan
Kondisional, Metode Selektif dan disesuaikan dengan kompetensi Peserta
Didik, Metode Interaktif-Dialogis (Tanya Jawab), Metode Pertanyaan
(berpikir logis/rasional), Metode Pertanyaan untuk menyelami kecerdasan
dan pemahaman, Metode Analogi, Metode Tasybih (membuat persamaan
antara beberapa hal yang berbeda), Metode menulis (menggambar).
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research. Dari penelitian ini
ditemukan bahwa Metode Rosulullah semuanya tepat dalam mendidik
Anak Cerdas Istimewa, dengan menyesuaikan kondisi masing-masing Anak
Cerdas Istimewa.
Pain Management and Opioid Regulation: Continuing Public Health Challenges
Authors: Bonnie Richard J. , Schumacher Mark A. , Clark J. David , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: December 2018

The still-growing US opioid epidemic lies at the intersection of two major public health challenges: reducing suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of harms associated with the use of opioids medications. Responding successfully to these challenges requires a substantial investment in surveillance and research on many fronts and a coordinated policy response by federal and state agencies and stakeholder organizations.

A 2017 report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) called for improved methods of measuring pain and the effects of alternative modalities of treatment as well as intensive surveillance of opioid-related harms; urged a long-term cultural transformation of how pain is perceived, assessed and treated; and outlined a comprehensive and balanced public health framework to guide Food and Drug Administration approval, monitoring, and review of opioids.

We, authors of the NASEM report, use the articles published in this special section of AJPH as a platform for commenting on the public health burden of pain, the role of opioids in managing pain, global disparities in access to opioids for pain management, divergent approaches to opioid regulation, and the challenge of striking a reasonable balance between the needs of patients in pain and the prevention of opioid-related harms.
Determinantes del consumo de alimentos no básicos de alta densidad energética en población mexicana (Ensanut 2012)
Authors: Hernández-F Mauricio , Colchero M Arantxa , Batis Carolina , Rivera Juan A
Published: December 2018

Objetivo. Caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico que se asocia con las probabilidades de consumo de alimentos no básicos de alta densidad energética (ANBADE), gravados desde 2014. Material y métodos. Se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012. Se identificó el grupo de ANBADE y se estimaron modelos probit sobre las probabilidades de consumo (PC) y de alto consumo después de ajustar por energía total (PAC), en función de características sociodemográficas. Resultados. Los esco­lares tienen 10.7 puntos porcentuales (pp) más PAC frente a los preescolares. Pertenecer a hogares con el mayor gasto o escolaridad del jefe se asocia con una PC 3.3 y 3.2 pp mayor en comparación con los hogares de menor gasto o escolaridad del jefe, respectivamente. Vivir en localidades metropolitanas se asocia con una PAC 5.2 pp mayor frente a localidades rurales. Conclusiones. El estudio identificó las condiciones sociodemográficas que se asocian con las mayores PC o PAC de ANBADE, que podrán considerarse en el diseño y evaluación de la política alimentaria.
Condición física de escolares tras intervención educativa para prevenir obesidad infantil en Morelos, México
Authors: Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Moreno-Saracho Jessica E , Cortés Jesús David , Henao-Moran Santiago Andrés , Rivera Juan A
Published: December 2018

Objetivo. Comparar la condición física de niños/as de ocho escuelas primarias del estado de Morelos, posimplementación de una intervención para prevenir obesidad infantil. Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 214 niños/ as (111 localidad intervención y 103 localidad control). La condición física se evaluó mediante pruebas de marcha con duración de seis minutos y de velocidad en 50 metros, así como número de pasos/día. Resultados. La mediana de tiempo en la prueba de velocidad en la localidad intervención fue de 11.3 segundos y en la localidad control 13.8 segundos (p<0.001). La mediana de la distancia recorrida en la prueba de marcha fue de 550 m en la localidad intervención y 420 m en la localidad control (p<0.001). Los niños/as de la comuni­dad intervención tuvieron una mediana de 15 161 pasos/día y los de la localidad control, de 13 749 pasos/día (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los niños/as de la localidad intervención tienen mejor condición física.
Descripción de la resistencia bacteriana en el Hospital Universitario de Saltillo, México
Authors: Salazar Espinosa Juan Felipe
Published: December 2018

[No disponible]
Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS
Authors: Wills Anne-Marie M , Garry Jamie , Hubbard Jane , Mezoian Taylor , Breen Christopher T , Miller Courtney Ortiz , Nalipinski Paige , Sullivan Stacey , Berry James D , Cudkowicz Merit , Paganoni Sabrina , Chan James , Macklin Eric A
Published: December 2018

Background: Nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We wished to study the safety, tolerability and efficacy of nutritional counseling with or without an mHealth application to maintain or increase body weight in ALS, compared to standard care.
Methods: In this randomized open-label, standard-of-care-controlled, single-center clinical trial, we randomly assigned adults with ALS to one of three nutritional interventions: counseling by their physician or nurse (“standard care”), counseling by a registered dietitian (RD) (“in-person”), or counseling supported by a mHealth app (“mHealth”). Both intervention arms received tailored nutrition recommendations and recorded dietary intake and weight biweekly (mHealth) or monthly (in-person). The primary outcome of weight and secondary and tertiary outcomes of calorie intake, ALSFRS-R, and quality of life (QOL) were recorded at each clinic visit and analyzed in an ITT mixed model analysis.
Results: A total of 88 participants were enrolled of whom 78 were included in this analysis. The three arms were well-balanced except for excess males in the mHealth arm and greater weight lost at baseline in the in-person arm. Participants in the mHealth arm increased their calorie intake at month 3 to an average of 94% (95% CI: 85, 103) of recommended calories, compared to 81% (95% CI: 72, 91, p= 0.06 vs. mHealth) in the standard care arm. After 6 months, calorie intake and change in weight was not different among the three arms. QOL scores in the mHealth arm were stable over three months (0.3 points, 95% CI: -1.7, 2.2) compared to worsening in standard care (-2.1 points, 95% CI: -4.0, -0.2, p = 0.09 vs. mHealth), but all scores declined by six months. ALSFRS-R total scores declined by an average of -2.6 points (95% CI: -5.1, -0.1) over six months in the mHealth arm (p=0.13 vs. standard care) compared to -5.8 points (95% CI: -8.2, -3.4, p=0.74 vs. standard care) in the in-person and -5.2 points (95% CI: -7.6, -2.9) in the standard care arm.
Conclusions: Nutritional counseling is safe but did not increase weight compared to standard care in ALS patients.
Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02418546. Registered April 16, 2015.
Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS, Neurodegenerative disease, mobile health technology, mHealth, nutrition, nutritional counseling, randomized controlled trial
Family based care program on the health status of hemiplegic patients with stroke: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Naderipor Arsalan , Faramarzi Hadith , Jalali Amir , Salari Nader , Rezaei Jahangir
Published: December 2018

Background: Stroke is a chronic disease requiring continuous and prolonged rehabilitation. A family-based care program can be an effective approach to rehabilitate these patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of family-based care program on the health status of hemiplegic patients with stroke.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 40 hemiplegic stroke patients were randomly selected as available and divided into two intervention and control groups. The patients care providers in the intervention group received the home-based care program in addition to routine care at the time of discharge, for four consecutive sessions of 50 to 60 min. This program then was performed by carers at home for four weeks. The patients in the control group received routine care during the discharge. The health status of patients in both groups was evaluated by health status questionnaire before beginning the program, and then one month after the end of the program. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests in SPSS V.21.
Results: The results indicated that the difference between the mean scores of the health status of the two groups was not significant before the intervention; however, it was significant after the intervention (P< 0.05). Moreover, the mean scores after the intervention group were significantly higher than the pre-intervention, and the difference was not significant in the control group.
Conclusion: Providing home care training programs to family members and contributing them to patient care programs can increase self-care of the patients and improve their health status.
Keywords: Stroke; Hemiplegia; Nursing care; Family base care
Trial registration number and date of registration: IRCT2015070214333n38, 2015-08-28
The Effects of Different Shapes of Capsulorrhexis on Postoperative Refractive Outcomes and Effective Position of the Intraocular Lens in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Li Shixu , Hu Yiping , Guo Ran , Shao Yushuang , Zhao Jiangyue , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Jing
Published: December 2018

Background：To evaluate the effects of anterior capsular opening size on deviation from predicted refraction and the effective position of intraocular lens (ELP) in cataract surgery.
Methods：Eighty patients (80 eyes) with simple age-related cataracts were treated from May 2018 to September 2018 at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. The patients were divided into 2 groups : 40 eyes were implanted with the C-loop haptic intraocular lens (AMO Tecnis ZCB00) while the other 40 eyes were implanted with the plate haptic intraocular lens (CT ASPHINA 509M). Follow-up visits were conducted postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months during which patients underwent refraction and data collection after pupil dilation that included anterior segment photography and Scheimpflug imaging by Pentacam. The area, horizontal and vertical diameter of the capsulorrhexis, circularity, decentration, and package were analysed using the image analysis software Image-Pro-Plus 6.0 that evaluated the relationship between the different shapes of capsulorrhexis with deviation from predicted refraction and ELP in cataract surgery.
Results: Deviation from predicted refraction and all of the parameters of capsulorrhexis were not correlative in the 509M IOL group, however, in the Tecnis IOL group, while the deviation from predicted refraction and all of the capsulorrhexis parameters were not correlative at 1 week, the deviation from predicted refraction did correlate with capsulorrhexis area,horizontal diameter at 1 month (P=0.029, P=0.048), and the capsulorrhexis area ,vertical diameter at 3 months (P=0.03, P=0.017).The ELP correlated with package in both groups postoperatively (r>0, P<0.05), but there is no other capsulorrhexis parameters correlate with ELP in the 509M IOL group (all P>0.05). For the Tecnis IOL group, the ELP and capsulorrhexis area were correlated at 1 week and 1 month, while the ELP and horizontal diameter, the ELP and vertical diameter were correlated at 1 week , but did not correlate with the other capsulorrhexis parameters in the Tecnis IOL group (all P>0.05).
Conclusions: The shape of the capsulorrhexis has an effect on postoperative refractive outcomes and the effective position of intraocular lens in cataract surgery, and plate haptic intraocular lenses have better refractive stability than C-loop haptic intraocular lenses.（ChiCTR-TRC-1800015638）
Improving pneumonia diagnoses using pulse oximetry at rural health institutions in South Ethiopia: Protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hailemariam Solomon Tesfaye , Gebeyehu Yabibal , Loha Eskindir , Johansson Kjell Arne , Lindtjørn Bernt
Published: December 2018

Background: Hypoxemia is common in children with pneumonia. The World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund developed the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy for diagnosing pneumonia. But the strategy has limitations to accurately detect hypoxemia in children with severe pneumonia. This study will assess whether pulse oximetry improves health workers’ performance in diagnosing severe childhood pneumonia and whether the pulse oximeter is a cost-effective tool to improve diagnoses of severe pneumonia at primary health care units in South Ethiopia.
Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted at 24 primary health care units in South Ethiopia from September 2018 to February 2019. The trial has two arms: the first arm will examine the combined use of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy with pulse oximetry, and the second arm will examine the use of the IMCI strategy alone. The study population will include children between 2 months and 59 month of age who present with cough or difficult breathing. The primary outcome of this trial is severe childhood pneumonia, as diagnosed via the IMCI guideline and pulse oximetry. Secondary outcomes will be referred cases of severe pneumonia, treatment failure on day 2, and cumulative treatment failure on days 5 and 14 after enrolment. A cost effectiveness study will be conducted simultaneously.
Discussion: This study will determine if using a pulse oximeter at health facilities in rural South Ethiopia improves diagnostic accuracy for paediatric severe pneumonia. Our secondary aim will be to evaluate if the benefit of pulse oximetry justifies its cost.
Trial registration: PACTR201807164196402 (14/06/2018). URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3466
Keywords: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), cluster-randomized controlled trial, pulse oximetry, childhood pneumonia, primary health care units, Ethiopia
Circular pOlyethylene drape in preVEntion of suRgical site infection (COVER Trial): Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoo Ri Na , Kim Hyung Jin , Lee Jae Im , Kang Won-Kyung , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Kim Chang Woo , Bae Sung Uk , Lee Joong Ho , Kang Byung Mo
Published: December 2018

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) after abdominal surgery is still a significant morbidity associated with an increased socioeconomic burden and poor quality of life. SSI prevalence rates as high as 40% in cases of fecal contamination have been reported; however, current methods to reduce SSI are limited to elective abdominal surgery. Further evaluation of preventive measures for reducing SSI is necessary.
Methods/design: The COVER trial investigates whether the application of a dual-ring circular plastic wound protector reduces the rate of SSI in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery related to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, regardless of the type of wound classified by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The COVER trial is a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms – one using a wound protector and the other using conventional surgical dressing gauze. The primary outcome will measure the rate of SSI in two groups. Statistical analysis of the primary end point will be based on the intention-to-treat population. The sample size is determined to achieve a study power of 80% at 95% 2-sided confidence limits. Considering a dropout rate of up to 5%, a total of 458 patients, 229 patients in each group, will be enrolled in this study.
Discussion: The COVER trial will provide high-quality evidence for using a circular polyethylene drape in open abdominal surgery for the GI tract in all types of wound. The design of the trial will deliver high external validity and clinical significance.
Trial registration: The trial protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03170843) on May 31, 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03170843?term=NCT+03170843&rank=1
Keywords: Circular polyethylene drape, Abdominal surgery, Gastrointestinal tract, Surgical site infection, Randomized controlled trial
Influence of Pars Plana Vitrectomy on Ocular Surface using Non-Invasive Keratograph 5M
Authors: Fan Lingling , Liu Lun , Gao Jian , Zheng Jie , Xu Yajing , Liao Rongfeng
Published: December 2018

Background: The noninvasive Keratography has been used in evaluating surgery-induced ocular surface changes, while few were known about the influence of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on ocular surface. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of PPV on ocular surface using Keratograph 5M.
Methods: 30 patients (30 eyes) undergoing primary PPV were recruited in the study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was performed. Ocular surface parameters, including tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break up time (NITBUT) and bulbar redness score were obtained preoperatively, at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively by Keratograph 5M. Correlations between all the clinical parameters were analyzed further.
Results: The percentages of both photophobia and gritty within 4 weeks after PPV were significantly higher than preoperation, while they decreased to the preoperative levels at both 8 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively. The percentage of sore eyes within 2 weeks postoperatively was significantly higher than preoperation, but there were no significant differences between the percentages of preoperation and 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively. OSDI score increased significantly within 8 weeks postoperatively, but it returned to the preoperative level at 12 weeks. TMH was increased significantly at the first week after PPV, and recoverd to preoperative level at 2 weeks postoperatively. Both NITBUT-first and NITBUT-average shortened significantly within 8 weeks postoperatively, but they gradually improved to the preoperative levels at 12 weeks. Bulbar redness score was significantly higher than preoperative level within 4 weeks postoperatively, but it returned to the preoperative level at 8 weeks. NITBUT-first and NITBUT-average had a significant positive correlation at each visit. OSDI score had a significant positive correlation with bulbar redness, and TMH had a significant positive correlation with NITBUT-average at both 1 week and 2 weeks postoperatively.
Conclusions: Keratograph 5M can provide a reliable noninvasive method to assess the influence of PPV on ocular surface. PPV may cause various changes in both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damages at an early stage, while all these changes will return to preoperative levels gradually at 12 weeks postoperatively.