bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Morphine-Induced Tolerance and Dependence by Pretreatment with Cerebrolysin in Male rats
Authors: Ghavimi Hamed , Darvishi Sara , Ghanbarzadeh Saeed
Published: August 2017

Background Dependence and tolerance to morphine are major problems which limit its chronic clinical application.

Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the attenuation effect of Cerebrolysin, a mixture of potent growth factors (BDNF, GDNF, NGF, CNTF etc,), on the development of Morphine-induced dependence and tolerance.

Methods Male Wistar rats were selected randomly and divided into different groups (n=8) including: a control group, groups received additive doses of morphine (5–25 mg/kg, ip, at an interval of 12 h until tolerance completion), and groups pretreated with Cerebrolysin (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, ip, before morphine administration). Development of tolerance was assessed by tail-flick test and the attenuation effect of Cerebrolysin on morphine-induced dependence was evaluated after injection of naloxone (4 mg/kg, ip, 12 h after the morning dose of morphine). Seven distinct withdrawal signs including: jumping, rearing, genital grooming, abdominal writhing, wet dog shake and teeth grinding were recorded for 45 min and total withdrawal score (TWS) was calculated.

Results Results showed that administration of Cerebrolysin could prolonged development (10 and 14 days in administration of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg Cerebrolysin) and completion (4, 10 and 14 days in administration of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg Cerebrolysin, respectively) of tolerance. Results also indicated that administration of Cerebrolysin (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) could significantly decreased the TWS value (62±2, 77±4 and 85±6%, respectively).

Conclusion In conclusion, it was found that pretreatment with Cerebrolysin could attenuated morphine-induced tolerance and dependence.
Arzneimittelsicherheit - Mangelndes Wissen über verordnete
Medikamente gefährdet Patientenwohl
Authors: Hölbling Catrin
Published: August 2017

Freyer J, Greißing C et al. Entlassungsmedikation – Was weiß der Patient bei
Entlassung über seine Arzneimittel? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016; 141:
e150–e156

Nach einem Krankenhausaufenthalt kennen die wenigsten Patienten die
verordneten Arzneimittel, die sie künftig einnehmen sollen. Das birgt die
Gefahr, dass sie die Medikamente nicht verschreibungsgerecht anwenden und im
schlimmsten Fall unwissentlich ihre Gesundheit gefährden. Das zeigt eine
Studie, die Johanna Freyer und Dr. Claudia Greißing gemeinsam mit Kollegen
2016 veröffentlicht haben. Für den Beitrag erhielten die Autoren den
diesjährigen DMW Walter Siegenthaler Preis.
Schwere Epistaxis stoppen – Klinischer Behandlungspfad
zahlt sich aus
Authors: Weiß Maria
Published: August 2017

Vosler PE et al. Successful Implementation of a Clinical Care Pathway for
Management of Epistaxis at a Tertiary Care Center. Otolaryngology – Head and
Neck Surgery 2016; 155: 879–885

Die meisten Fälle von Nasenbluten lassen sich leicht in den Griff bekommen –
schwere Blutungen aus der Arteria sphenopalatina (SPA) oder unter
Antikoagulation können aber eine Herausforderung darstellen.
US-amerikanische HNO-Ärzte haben jetzt einen klinischen Behandlungspfad zum
Management der schweren Epistaxis entwickelt, den sie in einem
Tertiär-Krankenhaus evaluierten.
Dem Rat des Arztes folgen – Lässt sich die Adhärenz
erhöhen?
Authors: Thiem Helena
Published: August 2017

Van Der Pol M et al. The role of time and risk preferences in adherence to
physician advice on health behavior change. Eur J Health Econ 2017; 18:
373–386

Eine Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität und eine Veränderung des
Ernährungsverhaltens sind insbesondere bei chronisch kranken Menschen häufig
mit einem gesundheitlichen Nutzen assoziiert. Van Der Pol et al. haben
untersucht, inwieweit sich die Adhärenz dieser Patienten zu ärztlichen
Empfehlungen in Abhängigkeit von einer zukunftsorientierten Sichtweise oder
dem Ausmaß der Risikobereitschaft verändert.
Metabolomic-Guided Isolation of Bioactive Natural Products from Curvularia sp., an Endophytic Fungus of Terminalia laxiflora
Authors: Tawfike Ahmed , Abbott Grainne , Young Louise , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie
Published: August 2017

Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are a potential source of novel chemistry and biology. Metabolomic tools were successfully employed to compare the metabolite fingerprints of solid and liquid culture extracts of endophyte Curvularia sp. isolated from the leaves of Terminalia laxiflora. Natural product databases were used to dereplicate metabolites in order to determine known compounds and the presence of new natural products. Multivariate analysis highlighted the putative metabolites responsible for the bioactivity of the fungal extract and its fractions on NF-κB and the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. Metabolomic tools and dereplication studies using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry directed the fractionation and isolation of the bioactive components from the fungal extracts. This resulted in the isolation of N-acetylphenylalanine (1) and two linear peptide congeners of 1: dipeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanine (2) and tripeptide N-acetylphenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (3).
Streaming instability in negative ion plasma
Authors: Kumar Ajith , Mathew Vincent
Published: August 2017

The streaming instability in an unmagnetized negative ion plasma has been studied by computational and theoretical methods. A one dimensional electrostatic Particle In Cell Simulation and fluid dynamical description of negative ion plasma showed that, if the positive ions are having a relative streaming velocity, four different wave modes corresponding to Langmuir wave, fast and slow ion waves and ion acoustic waves are produced. Below a critical wave number, instead of two distinct fast and slow ion waves, we observed a coupled wave mode. The value of the critical wave number is strongly determined by the ion streaming velocity. The thermal velocities of electrons and ions influence the growth rate of instability.
Battery energy storage system assessment in a designed battery controller for load leveling and peak shaving applications
Authors: Ananda-Rao Kumuthawathe , Ali Rosnazri , Taniselass S.
Published: August 2017

This paper presents an assessment of three types of battery in a designed battery controller for a battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated with a solar photovoltaic system for load leveling and peak shaving applications. Three types of battery—lead acid, lithium ion, and nickel metal hydride—are discussed in detail and assessed in this work, focusing on small-scale integration. The controller was designed using Matlab Simulink to monitor consumer load demand, control the charging and discharging process of the BESS, and regulate while fulfilling the load demand, in addition to prolonging the BESS lifetime. From the simulation results, the nickel metal hydride battery is the best option for development of a battery controller. It achieved an average 37.45% leveled load profile and a 35.75% reduction of the load peak. However, the lead acid battery is still the dominant choice among consumers, in spite of average performance, because it has the best cost performance.
Depositing nanoparticles on a silicon substrate using a freeze drying technique
Authors: Sigehuzi Tomoo
Published: August 2017

For the microscopic observation of nanoparticles, an adequate sample preparation is an essential part of this task. Much research has been performed for usable preparation methods that will yield aggregate-free samples. A freeze drying technique, which only requires a −80 °C freezer and a freeze dryer, is shown to provide an on-substrate dispersion of mostly isolated nanoparticles. The particle density could be made sufficiently high for efficient observations using atomic force microscopy. Since this sandwich method is purely physical, it could be applied to deposit various nanoparticles independent of their surface chemical properties. Suspension film thickness, or the dimensionality of the suspension film, was shown to be crucial for the isolation of the particles. Silica nanoparticles were dispersed on a silicon substrate using this method and the sample properties were examined using atomic force microscopy.
On the dissipation and dispersion of entropy waves in heat transferring channel flows
Authors: Fattahi A. , Hosseinalipour S. M. , Karimi N.
Published: August 2017

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic and heat transfer effects on the dissipation and dispersion of entropy waves in non-reactive flows. These waves, as advected density inhomogeneities downstream of unsteady flames, may decay partially or totally before reaching the exit nozzle, where they are converted into sound. Attenuation of entropy waves dominates the significance of the subsequent acoustic noise generation. Yet, the extent of this decay process is currently a matter of contention and the pertinent mechanisms are still largely unexplored. To resolve this issue, a numerical study is carried out by compressible large eddy simulation of the wave advection in a channel subject to convective and adiabatic thermal boundary conditions. The dispersion, dissipation, and spatial correlation of the wave are evaluated by post-processing of the numerical results. This includes application of the classical coherence function as well as development of nonlinear quantitative measures of wave dissipation and dispersion. The analyses reveal that the high frequency components of the entropy wave are always strongly damped. The survival of the low frequency components heavily depends on the turbulence intensity and thermal boundary conditions of the channel. In general, high turbulence intensities and particularly heat transfer intensify the decay and destruction of the spatial coherence of entropy waves. In some cases, they can even result in the complete annihilation of the wave. The current work can therefore resolve the controversies arising over the previous studies of entropy waves with different thermal boundary conditions.
Study of the upper-critical dimension of the East model through the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation
Authors: Kim Soree , Thorpe Dayton G. , Noh Chanwoo , Garrahan Juan P. , Chandler David , Jung YounJoon
Published: August 2017

We investigate the dimensional dependence of dynamical fluctuations related to dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquid systems using kinetically constrained models. The d-dimensional spin-facilitated East model with embedded probe particles is used as a representative super-Arrhenius glass forming system. We examine the existence of an upper critical dimension in this model by considering decoupling of transport rates through an effective fractional Stokes-Einstein relation, D∼τ−1+ω, with D and τ the diffusion constant of the probe particle and the relaxation time of the model liquid, respectively, and where ω>0 encodes the breakdown of the standard Stokes-Einstein relation. To the extent that decoupling indicates non-mean-field behavior, our simulations suggest that the East model has an upper critical dimension at least above d = 10 and argue that it may actually be infinite. This result is due to the existence of hierarchical dynamics in the East model in any finite dimension. We discuss the relevance of these results for studies of decoupling in high dimensional atomistic models.
β-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistors with drain currents exceeding 1.5 A/mm and their self-heating effect
Authors: Zhou Hong , Maize Kerry , Qiu Gang , Shakouri Ali , Ye Peide D.
Published: August 2017

We have demonstrated that depletion/enhancement-mode β-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistors can achieve a record high drain current density of 1.5/1.0 A/mm by utilizing a highly doped β-Ga2O3 nano-membrane as the channel. β-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistor (GOOI FET) shows a high on/off ratio of 1010 and low subthreshold slope of 150 mV/dec even with 300 nm thick SiO2. The enhancement-mode GOOI FET is achieved through surface depletion. An ultra-fast, high resolution thermo-reflectance imaging technique is applied to study the self-heating effect by directly measuring the local surface temperature. High drain current, low Rc, and wide bandgap make the β-Ga2O3 on insulator field-effect transistor a promising candidate for future power electronics applications.
Mechanical anisotropy in ultra-fine grained aluminium tubes processed by parallel-tubular-channel angular pressing
Authors: Javidikia Mahshad , Hashemi Ramin
Published: August 2017

In this study, a novel approach was taken to investigate plastic anisotropy in coarse-grained (CG) and ultra-fine grained (UFG) AA 5083 aluminium tubes. For this purpose, a parallel tubular channel angular pressing process was used to produce UFG tubes and the related data were collected using uniaxial tensile testing, microhardness measurements, the optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and these data were then analysed. Less anisotropy was found in UFG tubes than in CG tubes for AA 5083 aluminium. The corresponding textures were consistent with the trends for anisotropy in mechanical properties.

This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
ASASSN-16eg: New candidate for a long-period WZ Sge-type dwarf nova
Authors: Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Isogai Keisuke , Kimura Mariko , Kato Taichi , Vanmunster Tonny , Stone Geoff , Tordai Tamás , Richmond Michael , Miller Ian , Oksanen Arto , Itoh Hiroshi , Akazawa Hidehiko , Kiyota Seiichiro , de Miguel Enrique , Pavlenko Elena P. , Antonyuk Kirill A. , Antonyuk Oksana I. , Neustroev Vitaly V. , Sjoberg George , Dubovsky Pavol A. , Pickard Roger D. , Nogami Daisaku
Published: August 2017

We report on our photometric observations of the 2016 superoutburst of ASASSN-16eg. This object showed a WZ Sge-type superoutburst with prominent early superhumps with a period of 0.075478(8) d and a post-superoutburst rebrightening. During the superoutburst plateau, it showed ordinary superhumps with a period of 0.077880(3) d and a period derivative of 10.6(1.1) × 10−5 in stage B. The orbital period (Porb), which is almost identical with the period of the early superhumps, is exceptionally long for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. The mass ratio (q = M2/M1) estimated from the period of developing (stage A) superhumps is 0.166(2), which is also too large for a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova. This suggests that the 2 : 1 resonance can be reached in such high-q systems, contrary to our expectation. Such conditions are considered to be achieved if the mass-transfer rate is much lower than those in typical SU UMa-type dwarf novae that have comparable orbital periods to ASASSN-16eg, and a resultant accumulation of a large amount of matter on the disk is realized at the onset of an outburst. We examined other candidates for long-period WZ Sge-type dwarf novae for their supercycles, which are considered to reflect the mass-transfer rate, and found that V1251 Cyg and RZ Leo have longer supercycles than those of other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. This result indicates that these long-period objects including ASASSN-16eg have a low mass-transfer rate in comparison to other WZ Sge-type dwarf novae.
Phenolic Fingerprint of Sicilian Modern Cultivars and Durum Wheat Landraces: A Tool to Assess Biodiversity
Authors: Lo Bianco Marisol , Siracusa Laura , Dattilo Sandro , Venora Gianfranco , Ruberto Giuseppe
Published: August 2017

Durum wheat landraces have been recognized to have different contents in health‐promoting phytochemicals. These health benefits have been mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids existing in this matrix both as soluble free compounds and insoluble bound forms. Sicily is one of the few areas of Southern Europe where it is still possible to find landraces of durum wheat, no longer cropped because of the commercial spread of new high‐yielding varieties. This study aimed to determine the phenolic profile and content of 10 wheat landraces and three genetically improved cultivars to develop an analytical tool for cultivar screening and traceability. Hydroalcoholic extracts from wheat grains were analyzed by means of HPLC with a diode‐array detector and HPLC electrospray ionization MS, revealing 13 metabolites belonging mainly to the classes of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavones C‐glycosides. The quantitative pattern of the 13 phenolic markers, analyzed by applying stepwise linear discriminant analysis, allowed the discrimination between the two groups under study, namely, modern cultivars and durum wheat landraces. Furthermore, all 13 durum wheat varieties were perfectly discriminated in this statistical model, confirming a specific and genotype‐dependent pattern of phenolics concentration.
Evaluation of Quinone Outside and Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Effectiveness Against Eastern Filbert Blight of Hazelnut
Authors: Pscheidt J. W. , Heckert S. , Cluskey S. A.
Published: August 2017

Most of the hazelnut production in Oregon, a value of $130 million in 2014, was based on eastern filbert blight (EFB) susceptible cultivars. On these cultivars, EFB management involves, among other tactics, fungicide treatment during bud break and early shoot growth. Many active ingredients have been shown to be effective against EFB. This report summarizes the evaluation of quinone outside (QoI, FRAC group 11) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI, FRAC group 7) inhibitors alone and in combination with each other or with demethylation-inhibiting (DMI, FRAC group 3) fungicides for management of EFB. Based on a meta-analysis, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, or trifloxystrobin alone resulted in significant control over nontreated trees ranging between 64 and 74%. Fluoxastrobin was not as effective as other QoI fungicides with an average of 44% control and high variability. SDHI fungicides as a group were less useful for management of EFB with boscalid, fluopyram, and penthiopyrad ineffective while fluxapyroxad averaged 83% control against EFB. Prepackaged mixes of QoI materials with either SDHI or DMI fungicides were also significantly effective against EFB. Use of QoI fungicides and the SDHI material fluxapyroxad offers added flexibility and complexity within EFB management programs. Growers can incorporate any of five different modes of action in EFB management programs including FRAC groups M1, M5, 3, 7, and 11.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Bacteria Associated with Etiolation and Decline of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Course Putting Greens
Authors: Roberts Joseph A. , Ma Bangya , Tredway Lane P. , Ritchie David F. , Kerns James P.
Published: August 2017

Bacterial etiolation and decline has developed into a widespread issue with creeping bentgrass (CBG) (Agrostis stolonifera) putting green turf. The condition is characterized by an abnormal elongation of turfgrass stems and leaves that in rare cases progresses into a rapid and widespread necrosis and decline. Recent reports have cited bacteria, Acidovorax avenae and Xanthomonas translucens, as causal agents; however, few cases exist where either bacterium were isolated in conjunction with turf exhibiting bacterial disease symptoms. From 2010 to 2014, turfgrass from 62 locations submitted to the NC State Turf Diagnostic Clinic exhibiting bacterial etiolation and/or decline symptoms were sampled for the presence of bacterial pathogens. Isolated bacteria were identified using rRNA sequencing of the 16S subunit and internal transcribed spacer region (16S-23S or ITS). Results showed diverse bacteria isolated from symptomatic turf and A. avenae and X. translucens were only isolated in 26% of samples. Frequently isolated bacterial species were examined for pathogenicity to 4-week-old ‘G2’ CBG seedlings and 8-week-old ‘A-1’ CBG turfgrass stands in the greenhouse. While results confirmed pathogenicity of A. avenae and X. translucens, Pantoea ananatis was also shown to infect CBG turf; although pathogenicity varied among isolated strains. These results illustrate that multiple bacteria are associated with bacterial disease and shed new light on culturable bacteria living in CBG turfgrass putting greens. Future research to evaluate additional microorganisms (i.e., bacteria and fungi) could provide new information on host−microbe interactions and possibly develop ideas for management tactics to reduce turfgrass pests.
Highlighting a Common Quality of Care Delivery Problem: Overuse of Low-value Healthcare Services
Authors: MacLeod Stephanie , Musich Shirley , Hawkins Kevin , Schwebke Kay
Published: August 2017

Background:

Low-value healthcare services (LVHS) are defined as procedures delivered that provide little or no clinical benefit. Overuse of LVHS, or delivery when the risks exceed the benefits, contributes to excessive spending without improved outcomes. Furthermore, overuse contributes to healthcare waste.

Purpose:

The primary purpose of this commentary is to (1) examine the problem of LVHS overuse and its impacts on quality care delivery and (2) propose factors to consider in developing quality measures to help reduce overuse and waste and thus improve patient outcomes.

Methods:

To inform and support this commentary, we conducted a limited review of the literature related to LVHS overuse, its consequences, and suggested solutions. Online search engines were used to identify research related to our primary areas of interest.

Results:

This commentary demonstrates that overuse and associated healthcare waste is growing among selected LVHS. The factors of overuse are multidimensional and poorly understood. Meanwhile, overuse of LVHS has financial consequences and impacts quality of care and outcomes.

Conclusions:

Overuse of LVHS is common in the United States, leading to waste and suboptimal patient outcomes. Thus a need exists to address overuse and develop measures to capture a larger scope of services.
Associations of Surgeon and Hospital Volumes with Outcome for Free Tissue Transfer by Using the National Taiwan Population Health Care Data from 2001 to 2012
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Lu Yiwen , Chang Shu-Chen , Lin Chia-Yu , Wang Yi-Chun , Chang Chee Jen , Cheng Ming-Huei , Chung Kevin C.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Greater hospital case volumes are associated with improved outcomes for high-risk procedures. The hospital-outcome association for complex but low-mortality procedures and the association between surgeon versus hospital case volume and surgical outcomes have been less explored. The authors examined the association between surgeon and hospital volume and the success for free tissue transfer (free flap) surgery. The authors hypothesized that there would be positive associations between hospital and surgeon volume and the success of free flap surgery.

Methods:

The study design was a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 18 to 64 years who underwent free flap surgery. The authors used 100 percent of all free flap operations between 2001 and 2012 using Taiwan’s national data that cover the entire population of 23 million in the country. The authors applied hierarchical regression modeling to analyze volume-outcome associations.

Results:

The association between hospital volume and free flap success was small but positive (OR, 1.007; 95 percent CI, 1.00 to 1.01). For surgeons, their years of experience had a positive association with success of the operation (OR, 1.04; 95 percent CI, 1.02 to 1.06) rather than their annual case volume. Compared with low-volume surgeons (<11 annual cases) working in low-volume hospitals (<95 annual cases), high-volume surgeons (>25 annual cases) working in high-volume hospitals (>156 annual cases) showed greater odds of operation success (OR, 2.97; 95 percent CI, 1.21 to 7.29).

Conclusions:

Higher volume hospitals and more experienced surgeons, regardless of their annual volume, showed better outcomes. Increasing demand for high-quality care and Taiwan’s national policies toward centralization of complex surgical procedures have increased competition among hospitals.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, III.
Predictors, Quality Markers, and Economics of Volunteering Internationally: Results from a Comprehensive Survey of American Society of Plastic Surgeons Members
Authors: McIntyre Joyce K. , Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Kelley Kristen D. , Gosman Amanda A.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Plastic surgeons have a long history of international volunteer work. To date, there have been no outcome-based studies among surgeons who volunteer internationally. The purpose of this study was to describe predictors of volunteering, clinical quality markers, and economics of international volunteering among American plastic surgeons.

Methods:

A cross-sectional validated e-mail survey tool was sent to all board-certified plastic surgeons by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. The survey response rate was 15 percent (745 total individuals), of which 283 respondents traveled within the past 5 years. Analysis was performed in R. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of death/complication.

Results:

Respondents reported high use of medical records, follow-up care, and host affiliation. Fewer than half of all respondents reported use of international safety surgery guidelines, and the majority of respondents reported volunteering abroad outside of their scope of practice. The majority of children younger than 5 years were not cared for by a pediatric anesthesiologist. The majority of participants reported personally spending more than $1000 on their last trip and performing surgery estimated to be worth on average $28,000 each.

Conclusions:

International surgical volunteer trips attempt to ease the global burden of surgical disease. The authors’ study reports variation in quality of care provided on these trips. Most significantly, the majority of children younger than 5 years were not cared for by a pediatric anesthesiologist, and many plastic surgeons operated outside of their scope of practice.
A Treatment Algorithm for Patients Presenting with Sagittal Craniosynostosis after the Age of 1 Year
Authors: Ruane Edward J. , Garland Catharine B. , Camison Liliana , Fenton Regina A. , Nischal Ken K. , Pollack Ian F. , Tamber Mandeep S. , Grunwaldt Lorelei J. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Sagittal craniosynostosis typically presents shortly after birth, with a scaphocephalic head shape, and is addressed surgically for functional and aesthetic concerns. This study highlights the authors’ experience with a challenging patient population: those with phenotypically mild, missed, and late-developing sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods:

A prospective cohort study was conducted for all cases of sagittal craniosynostosis presenting to the authors’ institution between July of 2013 and December of 2015. Patients older than 1 year with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis were included. All children were evaluated by craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and ophthalmology departments. All patients had dilated fundus examinations and visual evoked potentials.

Results:

Fifty-two patients met inclusion criteria. Only nine patients have been treated surgically (17.3 percent). Two patients underwent operative correction for obvious scaphocephaly. Four patients who presented with concerning ophthalmologic evaluations and another patient with classic intracranial hypertension–related headaches underwent cranial vault expansion. Eight patients presented with inconclusive ophthalmologic evaluations. These patients were admitted for intracranial pressure monitoring, of which two were found to have elevated levels (25 percent) and underwent operative intervention. Thirty-seven other patients presented with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis in the setting of overall normocephaly without any signs concerning for intracranial hypertension. These patients continue to undergo serial evaluation.

Conclusions:

The authors describe their treatment protocol for a large series of patients presenting with the delayed diagnosis of sagittal craniosynostosis. Based on the early experience of the authors’ center with this protocol, the risk of intracranial hypertension appears to be low in this population. The majority of patients to date have been managed nonsurgically without invasive monitoring.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.
Perioperative and Long-Term Smoking Behaviors in Cosmetic Surgery Patients
Authors: Van Slyke Aaron C. , Carr Michael , Knox Aaron D. C. , Genoway Krista , Carr Nicholas J.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Many plastic surgeons advocate smoking cessation before patients undergo cosmetic surgery with extensive soft-tissue dissection. Smoking cessation rates after cosmetic surgery are unknown. The preoperative consultation may be an opportunity to promote long-term smoking cessation.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study. All patients over an 8-year study period who smoked before their preoperative consultation; who quit 2 weeks before surgery; and who subsequently underwent rhytidectomy, abdominoplasty, or mastopexy were included. Patients were asked to complete a Web-based survey at long-term follow-up.

Results:

Eighty-five smokers were included, and 47 patients completed the survey, for a response rate of 55.3 percent. Average follow-up was 63.3 months. Five respondents were social smokers and thus excluded. Of the 42 daily smokers, 17 patients (40.5 percent) were no longer smoking cigarettes on a daily basis at long-term follow-up. Of these 17 patients, 10 (23.8 percent) had not smoked since their operation. A total of 24 patients (57.1 percent) had reduced their cigarette consumption by any amount, and 70.8 percent (17 of 24) of these patients agreed that discussing adverse surgical outcomes related to smoking influenced their ability to quit/reduce. Twenty-one of 42 patients (50.0 percent) admitted that they were not compliant with the preoperative smoking cessation instructions.

Conclusions:

This is the first report to investigate long-term smoking cessation from a cosmetic surgery practice. The authors have shown a positive association between smoking cessation and cosmetic surgery. Requesting a period of cessation before cosmetic surgery may promote long-lasting smoking cessation.
Anatomical and Clinical Implications of the Deep and Superficial Fat Compartments of the Neck
Authors: Gassman Andrew A. , Pezeshk Ronnie , Scheuer Jack F. , Sieber David A. , Campbell Carrie F. , Rohrich Rod J.
Published: August 2017

Anatomical study has proven vital to the understanding and improvement of rejuvenation techniques of the face and neck. The microscopic septa responsible for individual facial fat compartments are also present in the neck. The authors’ anatomical studies of the neck, including supraplatysmal and subplatysmal elements, have influenced their surgical and nonsurgical techniques. Careful muscular resuspension and modification of both deep and superficial fat compartments can lead to impressive and lasting aesthetic outcomes. The authors present their algorithm and approach to both surgical and noninvasive methods for aesthetic neck contouring. The discussion contained here is augmented by video footage of injected, fresh cadaver dissection that highlights the anatomical relationships of neck fat compartments discussed in this article.
Facial Assessment and Injection Guide for Botulinum Toxin and Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Focus on the Lower Face
Authors: de Maio Maurício , Wu Woffles T. L. , Goodman Greg J. , Monheit Gary
Published: August 2017

This third article of a three-part series addresses techniques and recommendations for aesthetic treatment of the lower face. The lower face is considered an advanced area for facial aesthetic treatment. In this region, soft-tissue fillers play a more important role than neuromodulators and should be used first to provide structure and support before neuromodulators are considered for treatment of dynamic lines. Treatment of the lip, perioral region, and chin, in addition to maintaining balance of the lower face with the face overall, is challenging. Procedures on the lip should avoid overcorrection while respecting the projection of the lips on the profile view and the ratio of lip size to chin. The chin is often neglected, but reshaping the jawline can provide dramatic improvement in facial aesthetics. Both profile and anterior views are critical in assessment and treatment of the lower face. Finally, rejuvenation of the neck region requires fillers for structural support of the chin and jawline and neuromodulators for treatment of the masseter and platysma.
Chronic Kidney Disease Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Guo Junjie , Zhu Jianbing , Ma Leilei , Shi Hongtao , Hu Jiachang , Zhang Shuning , Hou Lei , Xu Fengqiang , An Yi , Yu Haichu , Ge Junbo
Published: August 2017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to exacerbate myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Despite various strategies for cardioprotection, limited studies have been focused on the prevention of CKD-induced myocardial susceptibility to IR injury. Here, we hypothesized that excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis involved in myocardial IR injury in CKD mice and pretreatment with chemical ER chaperone rendered the heart resistant to myocardial IR injury in the setting of CKD. CKD was induced by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) in mice, whereas sham-operated mice served as control (Sham). CKD significantly aggravated the cardiac injury after IR in SN group than Sham group as reflected by more severe cardiac dysfunction, increased myocardial infarct size and the ratio of myocardial apoptosis. The expression of ER stress-mediated apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12) was markedly upregulated after IR injury in SN group than Sham group, whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, was obviously downregulated. In addition, the chemical ER chaperone sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) pretreatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and lessened the infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after IR injury in mice with CKD. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that excessive activation of ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway involved in the CKD-induced myocardial susceptibility to IR injury, and chemical ER chaperone 4PBA alleviated myocardial IR injury in mice with CKD.
Pulmonary Mechanics and Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Fuller Brian M. , Page David , Stephens Robert J. , Roberts Brian W. , Drewry Anne M. , Ablordeppey Enyo , Mohr Nicholas M. , Kollef Marin H.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Driving pressure has been proposed as a major determinant of outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but there is little data examining the association between pulmonary mechanics, including driving pressure, and outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients without ARDS.

Methods:

Secondary analysis from 1,705 mechanically ventilated patients enrolled in a clinical study that examined outcomes associated with the use of early lung-protective mechanical ventilation. The primary outcome was mortality and the secondary outcome was the incidence of ARDS. Multivariable models were constructed to: define the association between pulmonary mechanics (driving pressure, plateau pressure, and compliance) and mortality; and evaluate if driving pressure contributed information beyond that provided by other pulmonary mechanics.

Results:

The mortality rate for the entire cohort was 26.0%. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had significantly higher driving pressure [15.9 (5.4) vs. 14.9 (4.4), P = 0.005] and plateau pressure [21.4 (5.7) vs. 20.4 (4.6), P = 0.001]. Driving pressure was independently associated with mortality [adjusted OR, 1.04 (1.01–1.07)]. Models related to plateau pressure also revealed an independent association with mortality, with similar effect size and interval estimates as driving pressure. There were 152 patients who progressed to ARDS (8.9%). Along with driving pressure and plateau pressure, mechanical power [adjusted OR, 1.03 (1.00–1.06)] was also independently associated with ARDS development.

Conclusions:

In mechanically ventilated patients, driving pressure and plateau pressure are risk factors for mortality and ARDS, and provide similar information. Mechanical power is also a risk factor for ARDS.
Hierarchical recruitment of competition alleviates working memory overload in a fronto-parietal model
Authors: Standage Dominic , Paré Martin , Blohm Gunnar
Published: August 2017

The storage limitations of visual working memory have been the subject of intense research interest for several decades, but few studies have systematically investigated the dependence of these limitations on memory load that exceeds our retention abilities. Under this real-world scenario, performance typically declines beyond a critical load among low-performing subjects, a phenomenon known as working memory overload. We used a fronto-parietal cortical model to test the hypothesis that high-performing subjects select a manageable number of items for storage, thereby avoiding overload. The model accounts for behavioural and electrophysiological data from high-performing subjects in a parameter regime where competitive encoding in its prefrontal network selects items for storage, inter-areal projections sustain their representations after stimulus offset, and weak dynamics in its parietal network limit their mutual interference. Violation of these principles accounts for these data among low-performing subjects, implying that poor visual working memory performance reflects poor control over fronto-parietal circuitry, and making testable predictions for experiments.
Does the Temporal Resolution of Precipitation Input Influence the Simulated Hydrological Components Employing the SWAT Model?
Authors: Bauwe Andreas , Tiedemann Sara , Kahle Petra , Lennartz Bernd
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sub‐daily precipitation time steps on model performance and hydrological components by applying the Green and Ampt infiltration method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Precipitation was measured at a resolution of 0.1 mm and aggregated to 5‐, 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐min time steps. Daily discharge data over a 10‐year period were used to calibrate and validate the model. Following a global sensitivity analysis, relevant parameters were optimized through an automatic calibration procedure using SWAT‐CUP for each time step. Daily performance statistics were almost equal among all four time steps (NSE ≈ 0.47). Discharge mainly consisted of groundwater flow (55%) and tile flow (42%), in reasonable proportions for the investigated catchment. In conclusion, model outputs were almost identical, showing simulations responded nearly independently of the chosen precipitation time step. This held true for (1) the selection of sensitive parameters, (2) performance statistics, (3) the shape of the hydrographs, and (4) flow components. However, a scenario analysis revealed that the precipitation time step becomes important when saturated hydraulic conductivities are low and curve numbers are high. The study suggests that there is no need in using precipitation time steps <1 h for lowland catchments dominated by soils with a low surface runoff potential if daily flow values are being considered. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.
Inventory of Interbasin Transfers in the United States
Authors: Dickson Kerim E. , Dzombak David A.
Published: August 2017

Interbasin transfers (IBTs) are man‐made transfers of water that cross basin boundaries. These transfers are used to distribute water resources according to supply and demand. The objectives of this work were to quantify the number of IBTs that exist in the United States (U.S.) and to examine the distribution of IBTs and potential causes associated with any observed clustering of IBTs. Defining “basin” was important to enable determination of which transfers qualify as “interbasin.” A variety of definitions are employed by states, with no federal definition. The most recent national studies of IBTs were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1985 and 1986 using USGS Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) definitions of basins. To build a 2016 inventory of IBTs in the U.S., and to identify where they most commonly occur, the USGS National Hydrography Database (NHD) was utilized in conjunction with the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). Transfers across HUC6 basin boundaries were considered interbasin. Geographical information analysis with the NHD and WBD databases revealed that there are a total of 2,161 man‐made waterways crossing HUC6 basin boundaries in the U.S. IBTs are somewhat concentrated: Florida, Texas, and North Carolina account for over 50% of the total identified IBTs. For some states, identified IBTs are locally clustered. Analysis of these clusters suggests a variety of reasons that IBTs have been built, including population, drainage, and agricultural factors.
Individual growth as a non‐dietary determinant of the isotopic niche metrics
Authors: Gorokhova Elena
Published: August 2017

Quantitative analytical approaches for isotopic niche analysis in the trophic diversity studies are proliferating rapidly; however, the assumptions behind the isotopic niche applications are rarely tested. One of the main assumptions is independence of the niche metrics and physiological status of the animals. The aim of this experimental study was to test the relationship between growth and Layman's metrics of isotopic niche in consumers eating the same food but in different quantities and growing at different rates.

Based on research indicating that individual variability in isotopic fractionation increases under suboptimal conditions, I hypothesized that a group of consumers originating from the same population and exposed to food limitation would have greater estimates of the niche breadth and diversity as a result of higher inter‐individual variability in growth rate and stable isotope signatures than in non‐limiting feeding conditions. This hypothesis was tested using Baltic mysids Neomysis integer fed isotopically uniform diet under laboratory conditions and analysing individual growth and stable isotope signature in concert.

As hypothesized, mysid growth rate was a significant negative predictor of most niche metrics. These effects were related to both increased inter‐individual variability and higher trophic fractionation in malnourished animals, whereas in actively growing mysids, lower fractionation was observed together with lower values for niche size, isotopic range and trophic diversity.

These findings challenge how we interpret the intrapopulation isotopic variance and evaluate isotopic evidence of individual specialization and call for integrated approaches for isotopic niche and growth assessment.
“Tangled Up in These Conceptualities”: Sanction, Protest, and Ideology in Berlin, Germany
Authors: McGill Kenneth
Published: August 2017

This article examines one informant's approach to the relationship between ideological concepts and political power. I argue that ideological representation must be understood on its own terms, rather than within a larger theory of discourse. I point toward three key qualities of every encounter with ideological representation: subjectivity, discontinuity, and commitment. The fieldwork on which this article is based occurred in Berlin, Germany, during the fall 2014. During this period, my research focused on activists committed to overturning the sanctioning policy (Sanktionspolitik), which allows case managers to dock the unemployment benefits of their clients. [ideology, subjectivity, welfare state, Germany]
Transposing Brazilian Carnival: Religion, Cultural Heritage, and Secularism in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oosterbaan Martijn
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the rise of evangelical carnival parades in Rio de Janeiro in relation to spectacular carnival parades that feature Afro‐Brazilian religious elements. The article exposes divergent intersections of religion and cultural heritage in Brazilian carnival. The first intersection aims to affirm the intrinsic connection betweensamba enredocarnival music and Afro‐Brazilian religion by means of cultural heritage narratives, and the second type employs similar narratives to undo this connection, attempting to make samba enredo accessible to evangelical religious performance. The article demonstrates the important role secularism plays in upholding distinctions between “culture” and “religion,” and shows how evangelical carnival groups engage with such historical formations by means of estratégia (strategy)—evangelical performances in cultural styles that are commonly perceived as “worldly.” This estratégia depends on and proposes a particular set of semiotic ideologies that allows for the separation of cultural form and spiritual content. Efforts to open up “national” cultural styles to different religious groups in light of multicultural politics are laudable, but advocates of such politics should keep in mind that cultural heritage regimes concerning samba push in the opposite direction and support a different set of semiotic ideologies. [religion, carnival, secularism, cultural heritage, Brazil]
Editorial: treatments for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ still a long way to go
Authors: Rosso N. , Tiribelli C.
Published: September 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Townsend and Newsome paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14210.
Therapeutic effect of cisplatin given with a lymphatic drug delivery system on false‐negative metastatic lymph nodes
Authors: Tada Asuka , Horie Sachiko , Mori Shiro , Kodama Tetsuya
Published: August 2017

Systemic administration of drugs into the blood circulation is standard treatment for prevention of metastasis. However, systemic delivery cannot maintain sufficiently high concentrations of anticancer drugs in lymph nodes (LN). Here, we show that giving cisplatin (CDDP) using a lymphatic drug delivery system (LDDS) has the potential to treat false‐negative metastatic LN. We found that in MXH10/Mo‐lpr/lpr mice, which develop systemic swelling of LN up to 10 mm in diameter, accumulation of indocyanine green (ICG), which has a similar molecular weight to CDDP, in a target LN was greater for lymphatic delivery of ICG than for systemic (i.v.) administration. Furthermore, CDDP administration with a LDDS inhibited tumor growth in false‐negative metastatic LN and produced fewer adverse effects than systemically given CDDP. We anticipate that drug delivery using a LDDS will, in time, replace systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of false‐negative metastatic LN.
Group Membership Influences More Social Identification Than Social Learning or Overimitation in Children
Authors: Gruber Thibaud , Deschenaux Amélie , Frick Aurélien , Clément Fabrice
Published: August 2017

Group membership is a strong driver of everyday life in humans, influencing similarity judgments, trust choices, and learning processes. However, its ontogenetic development remains to be understood. This study investigated how group membership, age, sex, and identification with a team influenced 39‐ to 60‐month‐old children (N = 94) in a series of similarity, trust, and learning tasks. Group membership had the most influence on similarity and trust tasks, strongly biasing choices toward in‐groups. In contrast, prior experience and identification with the team were the most important factors in the learning tasks. Finally, overimitation occurred most when the children's team, but not the opposite, displayed meaningless actions. Future work must investigate how these cognitive abilities combine during development to facilitate cultural processes.