bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays
Authors: Zavaglio Federica , Cassaniti Irene , d’Angelo Piera , Zelini Paola , Comolli Giuditta , Gregorini Marilena , Rampino Teresa , Del Frate Lucia , Meloni Federica , Pellegrini Carlo , Abelli Massimo , Ticozzelli Elena , Lilleri Daniele , Baldanti Fausto
Published: August 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection remains a major complication for solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HCMV-specific T cell immunity measured at the time of the HCMV-DNA peak in predicting the spontaneous clearance of infection. The performance of cytokine flow cytometry using infected dendritic cells (CFC-iDC), infected cell lysate (CFC-iCL) and pp65 peptide pool (CFC-pp65 pool) as stimuli, as well as ELISPOT assays using infected cell lysate (ELISPOT-iCL) and the pp65 peptide pool (ELISPOT-pp65 pool), was analysed. Among the 40 SOTRs enrolled, 16 patients (40%) required antiviral treatment for an HCMV infection (Non-Controllers), while the others spontaneously cleared the infection (Controllers). At the HCMV-DNA peak, the number of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells detected by the CFC-iDC, CFC-iCL and CFC-pp65 pool assays in Controllers was higher than that detected in Non-Controllers, while no difference was observed in terms of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell response. The same trend was observed when the HCMV-specific T cell response was measured by ELISPOT-iCL and ELISPOT-pp65 pool. We observed that the CD4+ CFC-pp65 pool assay was the best predictor of self-resolving HCMV infection at the time of the HCVM-DNA peak. The CFC-pp65 pool assay is able to discriminate between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and could be used in daily clinical practice.
2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles Are Versatile Fluorophore Building Blocks for the Design of Analyte-Sensing Optical Devices
Authors: Dias Gleiston Gonçalves , Souto Francielly Thaís , Machado Vanderlei Gageiro
Published: August 2024

BTDs (2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles) are fluorescent heterocycles widely used in different applications, including biomarkers, sensing optical devices, OLEDs, organic transistors, and solar cells. This review mainly focuses on the current progress in the design of compounds derived from the BTD core, aiming for their use as chromogenic and/or fluorogenic devices for detecting anionic, cationic, and neutral analytes. Reactions and synthetic strategies that show the synthetic versatility of BTDs are initially presented, to provide a better understanding regarding the assembly of optical detection systems. The photophysical mechanisms of the detection are also described. A discussion is also presented on the target analytes for which the optical detection devices based on BTD were planned. The examples discussed here will offer the sensors community perspectives for developing new optical detection devices based on BTD for different types of analytes of importance for the most diverse areas of knowledge.
SiM-YOLO: A Wood Surface Defect Detection Method Based on the Improved YOLOv8
Authors: Xi Honglei , Wang Rijun , Liang Fulong , Chen Yesheng , Zhang Guanghao , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

Wood surface defect detection is a challenging task due to the complexity and variability of defect types. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel deep learning approach named SiM-YOLO, which is built upon the YOLOv8 object detection framework. A fine-grained convolutional structure, SPD-Conv, is introduced with the aim of preserving detailed defect information during the feature extraction process, thus enabling the model to capture the subtle variations and complex details of wood surface defects. In the feature fusion stage, a SiAFF-PANet-based wood defect feature fusion module is designed to improve the model’s ability to focus on local contextual information and enhance defect localization. For classification and regression tasks, the multi-attention detection head (MADH) is employed to capture cross-channel information and the accurate spatial localization of defects. In addition, MPDIoU is employed to optimize the loss function of the model to reduce the leakage of detection due to defect overlap. The experimental results show that SiM-YOLO achieves superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art YOLO algorithm, with a 9.3% improvement in mAP over YOLOX and a 4.3% improvement in mAP over YOLOv8. The Grad-CAM visualization further illustrates that SiM-YOLO provides more accurate defect localization and effectively reduces misdetection and omission issues. This study highlights the effectiveness of SiM-YOLO for wood surface defect detection and offers valuable insights for future research and practical applications in quality control.
Systematic Review of Forecasting Models Using Evolving Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Vanegas-Ayala Sebastian-Camilo , Barón-Velandia Julio , Romero-Riaño Efren
Published: August 2024

Currently, the increase in devices capable of continuously collecting data on non-stationary and dynamic variables affects predictive models, particularly if they are not equipped with algorithms capable of adapting their parameters and structure, causing them to be unable to perceive certain time-varying properties or the presence of missing data in data streams. A constantly developing solution to such problems is evolving fuzzy inference systems. The aim of this work was to systematically review forecasting models implemented through evolving fuzzy inference systems, identifying the most common structures, implementation outcomes, and predicted variables to establish an overview of the current state of this technique and its possible applications in other unexplored fields. This research followed the PRISMA methodology of systematic reviews, including scientific articles and patents from three academic databases, one of which offers free access. This was achieved through an identification, selection, and inclusion workflow, obtaining 323 records on which analyses were carried out based on the proposed review questions. In total, 62 investigations were identified, proposing 115 different system structures, mainly focused on increasing precision, in addition to addressing eight main fields of application and some optimization techniques. It was observed that these systems have been successfully implemented in forecasting variables with dynamic behavior and handling missing values, continuous data flows, and non-stationary characteristics. Thus, their use can be extended to phenomena with these properties.
Remarks on the Quantum Effects of Screw Dislocation Topology and Missing Magnetic Flux
Authors: Bakke Knut
Published: August 2024

We revisit the interaction between a point charge and an inhomogeneous magnetic field that yields the magnetic quantum dot system. This magnetic field is defined by filling the whole space, except for a region of radius r0. Then, we assume that there is an impenetrable potential wall located at r0 and discuss the quantum effects of screw dislocation topology and the missing magnetic flux. We first show that Landau levels can be achieved even though there is the presence of an impenetrable potential wall. We go further by discussing the confinement of a point charge to a cylindrical wire. In both cases, we show Aharonov–Bohm-type effects for bound states can be obtained from the influence of the screw dislocation topology and the missing magnetic flux. Later, we discuss the influence of the screw dislocation topology and the missing magnetic flux on the magnetization and the persistent currents.
Comparative Assessment of Shell Structural, Mechanical, and Elemental Properties in Adult Acorn Barnacles
Authors: Shaw Jazmine , Kang Yeram , Triano Callie , Hoppe Corin J. , Aldred Nick , Metzler Rebecca A. , Dickinson Gary H.
Published: August 2024

Balanomorph (acorn) barnacles are found throughout the world’s coastal oceans, and their success is dependent on a hard, mineralized, outer shell. Although macro-scale morphology of barnacle shells has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about shell properties at the micron-scale and if such properties vary among species. We assessed shell structure, mechanics, and composition in seven species of balanomorph barnacles from five genera. Three species, Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus improvisus, and Austrominius modestus, were laboratory-reared, enabling direct comparison of shell properties of barnacles grown under the same conditions for the same duration. Four other species, Semibalanus balanoides, Amphibalanus eburneus, Chthamalus stellatus, and Tetraclita rubescens, were field-collected. At the macro- and meso-scales, shell properties varied markedly among species, with differences in the number of shell plates, the presence of canals within the plates, mineralization of the base, and shell plate thickness. At the micron-scale, however, structure was remarkably similar among species. Plates of all species were constructed of irregular micron-scale crystallites, with a broad range of crystallite dimensions observed within the same shell. Similarly, micromechanical properties did not vary among species, regardless of testing orientation. Calcium carbonate was identified as calcite in all species assessed with no other mineral phases present, and calcium content did not vary among species. Hence, despite variation in the overall macro- and meso-scale morphology of barnacles, all appear to be built using the same, evolutionarily conserved, mineralization pathway.
Im/Mobilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from International Graduate Students Studying in the Southern United States
Authors: Yao Christina W. , Hall Kaitlyn , Gause Simone , Shelton Leslie Jo
Published: August 2024

The background of this study is situated within the COVID-19 pandemic as an acute challenge with chronic issues that international graduate students have faced continuously. With the pandemic serving as a critical incident, we highlight the political, systemic, and personal fragilities of international graduate students studying in the southern United States. The methods for our study were informed by a narrative inquiry approach combined with a systematic literature review to connect with the conceptual framework of Avison and Turner’s chronic strains and Robertson’s conception of timescales. The findings highlight three broad themes: shifting immigration policies and travel uncertainty, institutional responses, and mental health stressors and personal concerns. The study conclusions illuminate suggestions for institutions and policymakers, including clarifying policies, communicating better with international graduate students, and providing tailored counseling support. These suggestions are significant for improving international graduate students’ well-being in the face of any acute issues that may arise in the future.
UISGPT: Automated Mobile UI Design Smell Detection with Large Language Models
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Shanping
Published: August 2024

Manual inspection and remediation of guideline violations (UI design smells) is a knowledge-intensive, time-consuming, and context-related task that requires a high level of expertise. This paper proposes UISGPT, a novel end-to-end approach for automatically detecting user interface (UI) design smells and explaining each violation of specific design guidelines in natural language. To avoid hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) and achieve interpretable results, UISGPT uses few-shot learning and least-to-most prompting strategies to formalize design guidelines. To prevent the model from exceeding the input window size and for the enhancement of the logic in responses, UISGPT divides design smell detection into the following three subtasks: design guideline formalization, UI component information extraction, and guideline validation. The experimental results show that UISGPT performs effectively in automatically detecting design violations (F1 score of 0.729). In comparison to the latest LLM methods, the design smell reports generated by UISGPT have higher contextual consistency and user ratings.
Electrical Characterization of a Unimorph Vibration Energy Harvester with Al/AlN/Al Structure Realized by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Desideri Daniele , Moro Federico
Published: August 2024

In this work, the realization of a unimorph vibration energy harvester with an Al/AlN/Al structure by magnetron sputtering is proposed. Starting from an Al substrate, the device with an Al/AlN/Al structure was obtained by using a magnetron sputtering in two different operative conditions. The realized energy harvester was investigated in the unimorph bender set-up. The electrical characterization was performed by estimation of the AlN d31 piezoelectric coefficient and measurements of the output power. The estimated absolute value of d31 was 0.48 pC/N and the maximum output power was about 17 μW with 9.81 m/s2 (rms value) excitation acceleration.
An Efficient and Accurate Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-SAR) Real-Time Imaging Scheme Based on Parallel Processing Mode and Architecture
Authors: Tan Yunxin , Li Guangju , Zhang Chun , Gan Weiming
Published: August 2024

When performing high-resolution imaging with ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) systems, the data collected and processed are vast and complex, imposing higher demands on the real-time performance and processing efficiency of the imaging system. Yet a very limited number of studies have been conducted on the real-time processing method of GB-SAR monitoring data. This paper proposes a real-time imaging scheme based on parallel processing models, optimizing each step of the traditional ωK imaging algorithm in parallel. Several parallel optimization schemes are proposed for the computationally intensive and complex interpolation part, including dynamic parallelism, the Group-Nstream processing model, and the Fthread-Group-Nstream processing model. The Fthread-Group-Nstream processing model utilizes Fthread, Group, and Nstream for the finer-grained processing of monitoring data, reducing the impact of the nested depth on the algorithm’s performance in dynamic parallelism and alleviating the issue of serial execution within the Group-Nstream processing model. This scheme has been successfully applied in a synthetic aperture radar imaging system, achieving excellent imaging results and accuracy. The speedup ratio can reach 52.14, and the relative errors in amplitude and phase are close to 0, validating the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed schemes. This paper addresses the lack of research on the real-time processing of GB-SAR monitoring data, providing a reliable monitoring method for GB-SAR deformation monitoring.
Optimizing Economic Dispatch for Microgrid Clusters Using Improved Grey Wolf Optimization
Authors: Wang Xinchen , Wang Shaorong , Ren Jiaxuan , Song Zhaoxia , Zhang Shun , Feng Hupeng
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of renewable energy generation in recent years, microgrid technology has increasingly emerged as an effective means to facilitate the integration of renewable energy. To efficiently achieve optimal scheduling for microgrid cluster (MGC) systems while guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of a power grid, this study, drawing on actual electricity-consumption patterns and renewable energy generation in low-latitude coastal areas, proposes an integrated multi-objective coordinated optimization strategy. The objective function includes not only operational costs, environmental costs, and energy storage losses but also introduces penalty terms to comprehensively reflect the operation of the MGC system. To further enhance the efficiency of solving the economic dispatch model, this study combines chaotic mapping and dynamic opposition-based learning with the traditional Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm, using the improved GWO (CDGWO) algorithm for optimization. Comparative experiments comprehensively validate the significant advantages of the proposed optimization algorithm in terms of economic benefits and scheduling efficiency. The results indicate that the proposed scheduling strategy, objective model, and solution algorithm can efficiently and effectively achieve multi-objective coordinated optimization scheduling for MGC systems, significantly enhancing the overall economic benefits of the MGC while ensuring a reliable power supply.
New External Design Temperatures and Geospatial Models for Poland and Central Europe for Building Heat Load Calculations
Authors: Narowski Piotr , Heim Dariusz , Mijakowski Maciej
Published: August 2024

This article proposes new values and geospatial models of winter and summer external design temperatures for designing buildings’ heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The climatic design parameters applicable in Poland for the sizing of these installations are approximately 50 years old and do not correspond to Poland’s current climate. New values of climatic design parameters were determined following the methods described in European standards and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Handbook of Fundamentals. The determined climatic design parameters, particularly the winter and summer external design temperatures, were compared with those currently in force by law in Poland. The external air design dry-bulb temperatures presented in the article were developed based on meteorological and climatic data from the years 1991–2020 from two data sources: synoptic data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMWM) in Poland and reanalysis models of the ERA5 database of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). According to ASHRAE, with 99.6% and 0.4% frequency of occurrence, external air design dry-bulb temperatures for winter and summer were used to develop mathematical geospatial models of external design temperatures for the Central Europe area with Poland’s territory in the centre part. Scattered data from 667 meteorological stations were interpolated to 40,000 uniform mesh points using a biharmonic spline interpolation method to develop these models. Linear regression and ANOVA analysis for the ERA5-generated data from 900 checkpoint data items were used to estimate the correctness of these models. Verified models were used to calculate winter and summer external design temperature isolines presented together with colour space representation on Mercator projected maps of Central Europe.
On-Site Electrochemical Detection of Corrosion in Substation Grounding System
Authors: Yu Ben , Zhao Peng , Cai Yuhang , Yuan Weiming , Yu Jinshan , Tan Yu
Published: August 2024

The reliability and efficiency of the grounding system in substations is of utmost importance for the safety of the electrical grid. In China, the grounding grids of substations are primarily composed of galvanized steel, carbon steel, and copper, all of which are susceptible to corrosion from soil during operation. This study thoroughly examines the effects of typical Cl− ions and soil water content on the corrosion behavior of a Q235 steel in situ. The data suggest that there is a negative correlation between soil moisture and grounding grid corrosion, whereas dissolved salts, particularly Cl− ions in soil, correlate positively.
Mechanism of High-Pressure Dilation of Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage by Cyclic Multi-Agent Injection
Authors: Lv Qijun , Yang Guo , Xie Yangbo , Ma Xiaomei , Wu Yongbin , Yao Ye , Chen Linsong
Published: August 2024

The reservoir properties of super-heavy oil reservoirs in fluvial sedimentation are relatively poor, with high heterogeneity directly affecting the steam injection rate and expansion velocity of the steam chamber in the SAGD process. In order to significantly improve SAGD production performance, a combination of laboratory testing and physical simulation experiments was used to analyze the changes in reservoir-rock structure, rock geomechanical characteristics, and porosity and permeability during high-pressure injection, through rock geomechanics testing, core-flood experiment, and SEM scanning analysis. Large-scale two-dimensional physical simulation experiments were designed to analyze the effect of different injection agents in assisting the expansion of steam chambers. The experimental results showed that, with the increase in injection pore pressure, the reservoir permeability increased from 2.74 D to 4.56 D, and the contact between rock particles became looser after expansion, indicating a significant improvement in reservoir properties through high-pressure-injection-induced dilation. The results of the two-dimensional physical simulation experiments demonstrated that the solvent-assisted steam-chamber dilation speed was further increased compared with the conventional huff-n-puff dilation. Cyclic gas-injection volume can be increased from 0.16 PV in pure-steam injection cases to 0.32 PV. The hybrid-agent system of solvent-plus-gas can produce the dual positive effect of solvent dissolution and gas diffusion, more effectively improve the steam-chamber expansion speed, enhance the phased oil-recovery degree by 23.41%, and increase the oil/steam ratio from 0.27 to 0.33, indicating encouraging potentials in improving heavy oil and bitumen production performance by the dilation strategy.
Enabling High-Degree-of-Freedom Thermal Engineering Calculations via Lightweight Machine Learning
Authors: Tian Yajing , Wang Yuyang , Yin Shasha , Lu Jia , Hu Yu
Published: August 2024

U-tube steam generators (UTSGs) are crucial in nuclear power plants, serving as the interface between the primary and secondary coolant loops. UTSGs ensure efficient heat exchange, operational stability, and safety, directly impacting the plant’s efficiency and reliability. Existing UTSG models have fixed structures, which can only be used when certain parameters are given as model input. Such constraints hinder their ability to accommodate the diverse operating conditions, where input and output parameters can vary significantly. To address this challenge, we propose a machine learning-based method for developing a high-degree-of-freedom UTSG thermal model. The most notable feature of this approach is its capacity to flexibly interchange input and output parameters. By adopting comprehensive parameter sensitivity analysis, the most efficient method for training dataset generation is determined. Leveraging a lightweight machine learning method, the prediction accuracy for all UTSG parameters is improved to within 2.1%. The flexibility of the proposed machine learning approach ensures that the UTSG model can accommodate any type of parameter input without extensive reconfiguration of the model structure, thereby enhancing its applicability and robustness in real-world applications.
FTIR Analysis for Determining Stability of Methanol–HVO Blends for Non-Road Engine Application
Authors: Balogun F. , Wang-Alho H. , Sirviö K. , Mikulski M.
Published: August 2024

The Green Deal targets, along with tightening emissions legislation, foster research on alternative propulsion systems. In non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), these efforts largely rally around sustainable fuels while keeping the benefits of energy security (multi-fueling) high. In this context, the blends of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Methanol (MEOH) are amongst the most promising yet under-researched alternatives and, as such, need dedicated methods for determining their suitability in engine applications. In this paper, we evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analytics for determining the stability of MEOH-HVO mixtures. The research considers temperature effects during storage by conditioning the test samples at −20 °C and +20 °C. The stability of the blends and different co-solvents is analysed after six weeks, and FTIR spectra are used to identify the chemical bonds. From FTIR analysis, blending MEOH20 with 1-dodecanol results in stable homogenous alkyl-ether fuels, while the MEOH20 blend with methyl-butyrate results in ester fuels. There are observable differences in the blend samples according to their storage temperatures. In conclusion, both fuel blend samples formed different fuel types, which are stable and homogenous at room temperature, posing great potential for their applicability in different NRMM types.
Xylogenesis Responses to a Mediterranean Climate in Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.)
Authors: Liyaqat Iqra , Balzano Angela , Niccoli Francesco , Kabala Jerzy Piotr , Merela Maks , Battipaglia Giovanna
Published: August 2024

Quercus ilex L., an evergreen oak species typical of the western and central Mediterranean basin, is facing decline and dieback episodes due to the increase in the severity and frequency of heat waves and drought events. Studying xylogenesis (the wood formation process) is crucial for understanding how trees respond with their secondary growth to environmental conditions and stress events. This study aimed to characterize the wood formation dynamics of Quercus ilex and their relationship with the meteorological conditions in an area experiencing prolonged drought periods. Cambial activity and xylem cell production were monitored during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons in a Q. ilex forest located at the Vesuvius National Park (southern Italy). The results highlighted the significant roles of temperature and solar radiation in stimulating xylogenesis. Indeed, the correlation tests revealed that temperature and solar radiation positively influenced growth and cell development, while precipitation had an inhibitory effect on secondary wall formation. The earlier cell maturation in 2020 compared to 2019 underscored the impact of global warming trends. Overall, the trees studied demonstrated good health, growth and adaptability to local environmental fluctuations. This research provides novel insights into the intra-annual growth dynamics of this key Mediterranean species and its adaptation strategies to climatic variability, which will be crucial for forest management in the context of climate change.
Influence of Salt Concentration and Treatment Cycles on Nail-Holding Power in Dimension Lumber
Authors: Lei Jia , Lin Jingkang , Chen Zhiyuan , Jia Shuke , Zi Youying , Que Zeli
Published: August 2024

To rigorously analyze the effects of high-salt environments on dimension lumber and provide scientific and reliable data to facilitate the advancement of light-frame construction in such environments, this study subjected dimension lumber to salt solution treatment. The study investigated the trend of nail-holding power variations across the radial, tangential, and cross-sections of spruce–pine–fir (SPF) dimension lumber under varying salt concentrations and treatment durations. The experimental results exhibited a significant influence of salt on the nail-holding power across all sections of the SPF dimension lumber. As the concentration of salt solution increased, the holding power gradually decreased across all directions, exhibiting considerable differences across salinity gradients. Specifically, the radial and tangential sections exhibited a 15%–20% higher nail-holding power compared to the cross-section. An increase in the salt solution concentration above 3% corresponded to an approximate 1% decrement in nail-holding power per section for every 0.5% rise in concentration. Additionally, prolonged salt treatment initially resulted in an increase, followed by a subsequent decrease in nail-holding power, demonstrating a consistent pattern across all variations. Post hoc analyses confirmed that the differences between individual salt concentrations, including between 3.5%, 4%, and 4.5%, were statistically significant. These findings provide valuable data for understanding the degradation of timber connectors in high-salt environments, contributing to the development of more durable and resilient wood-frame buildings in such conditions.
Assessing the Effect of Community Preparedness on Property Damage Costs during Wildfires: A Case Study of Greece
Authors: Kalogiannidis Stavros , Kalfas Dimitrios , Zagkas Theoxaris , Chatzitheodoridis Fotios
Published: August 2024

The current study attempts to assess the effect of community preparedness on property damage costs during wildfires. The focus is primarily on how various aspects of community preparedness, such as early warning systems, early risk assessment, emergency response plans, and fire-resistant landscaping, influence the extent of property damage costs during wildfires. For this purpose, data were collected from 384 Greek residents from different regions of the country using an online questionnaire. In this case, analysis was performed utilizing SPSS version 22.0. According to the findings, survey respondents replied that fire suppression was the most common property cost associated with wildfire. The study contributes to existing knowledge by providing insights into the specific factors that affect property damage expenditure during wildfires, specifically the intricate relationship between the expenses of property loss caused by wildfires and community preparation. The study’s findings can be utilized by policymakers and communities to improve preparedness plans and consequently decrease the impact of wildfires on property and people.
Anti-Biofilm Effects of Z102-E of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum against Listeria monocytogenes and the Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Wei Jinyuan , Zhang Xingguo , Ismael Mohamedelfatieh , Zhong Qingping
Published: August 2024

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common probiotics, and they present excellent inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to explore the anti-biofilm potential of the purified active substance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, named Z102-E. The effects of Z102-E on Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in detail, and a transcriptomic analysis was conducted to reveal the anti-biofilm mechanism. The results indicated that the sub-MIC of Z102-E (3.2, 1.6, and 0.8 mg/mL) decreased the bacterial growth and effectively reduced the self-aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, sugar utilization, motility, biofilm formation, AI-2 signal molecule, contents of extracellular polysaccharides, and extracellular protein of L. monocytogenes. Moreover, the inverted fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed the anti-biofilm effect of Z102-E. The transcriptomic analysis indicated that 117 genes were up-regulated and 214 were down-regulated. Z102-E regulated the expressions of genes related to L. monocytogenes quorum sensing, biofilm formation, etc. These findings suggested that Z102-E has great application potential as a natural bacteriostatic agent.
Integrated Analysis of Ginsenoside Content and Biomarker Changes in Processed Ginseng: Implications for Anti-Cancer Mechanisms
Authors: Guo Biyu , Liang Yingli , Fu Biru , Luo Jiayi , Zhou Xingchen , Ji Ruifeng , He Xin
Published: August 2024

Black ginseng is the processed product of ginseng, and it has been found that the content and types of rare ginsenosides increased after processing. However, there is limited research on the ginsenoside differences between cultivated and forest ginseng before and after processing and among various plant parts. This study investigated the effects of processing on ginsenosides in different parts of cultivated and forest ginseng. After processing, the contents of Re, Rg1, S-Rg3, Rg5, R-Rh1, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 were significantly increased or decreased, the growth age of forest ginseng was not proportional to the content of ginsenosides, and the differences in ginsenoside content in ginseng from different cultivation methods were relatively small. Chemometric analysis identified processing biomarkers showing varying percentage changes in different parts. Network pharmacology predicted the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a potential key pathway for the anti-cancer effect of black ginseng.
Molecular Cloning, Tissue Distribution and Antiviral Immune Response of Duck Src
Authors: Liu Jinlu , Luo Shuwen , Wang Guoyao , Hu Xuming , Chen Guohong , Xu Qi
Published: August 2024

As a founding member of the Src family of kinases, Src has been confirmed to participate in the regulation of immune responses, integrin signaling, and motility. Ducks are usually asymptomatic carriers of RNA viruses such as Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus, which can be deadly to chickens. The beneficial role of Src in modulating the immune response remains largely unknown in ducks. Here, we characterized the duck Src and found that it contains a 192-base-pair 5′ untranslated region, a 1602-base-pair coding region, and a 2541-base-pair 3′ untranslated region, encoding 533 amino acid residues. Additionally, duSrc transcripts were significantly activated in duck tissues infected by Newcastle disease virus compared to controls. The duSrc transcripts were notably widespread in all tissues examined, and the expression level was higher in liver, blood, lung, pancreas, and thymus. Moreover, we found the expression levels of IFN-β, NF-κB, IRF3, and Src were significantly increased in DEFs after infection with 5′ppp dsRNA, but there was no significant difference before and after treatment in DF1 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of duSrc followed by stimulation with 5′ppp dsRNA led to an elevation of IFN-β levels. The SH3 and PTKc domains of duSrc contributed to promoting the activity of IFN-β and NF-κB in DEFs stimulated by 5′ppp dsRNA.
Interaction Processes between Health Professionals and Moroccan Immigrant Women in Reproductive Healthcare: The Disagreement in the Encounter—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ugarte-Gurrutxaga María Idoia , Ulla Diez Sara María , Molina-Gallego Brígida , Humanes-García María , Melgar de Corral Gonzalo , Plaza del Pino Fernando Jesús
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Spain is a multicultural society and has been defined by several authors as an immigrant-receiving country. Moroccan women of childbearing age constitute 28.20% of Moroccan immigrants. Objectives: describe the interaction processes that occur between health professionals and Moroccan immigrant women in reproductive healthcare. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study based on Grounded Theory. Thirty immigrant women from Morocco and thirty-five health professionals participated in the study. Specific dimensions of analysis were defined and used to design the interview guide and focus groups. Results: In the healthcare encounter, the construction of an effective communicative space between the people involved in it is essential; however, the language barrier and the interpersonal relationships characterized by silence in the encounter make a meaningful healthcare relationship difficult for those who participate in it. Conclusions: There are communication and relationship problems that alter healthcare and the professional–patient relationship which require the use of translation programs, the incorporation of intercultural meters, and the development of cultural competence in health professionals.
Recreational Physical Activity and the Mediterranean Diet: Their Effects on Obesity-Related Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders
Authors: Tsartsapakis Ioannis , Papadopoulos Panagiotis , Stavrousis Dionisis , Dalamitros Athanasios A. , Chatzipanteli Athanasia , Chalatzoglidis Georgios , Gerou Maria , Zafeiroudi Aglaia
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a non-communicable disease that is associated with a number of serious physical and mental health conditions. The present study examines the effect of recreational physical activity and the Mediterranean diet on body image dissatisfaction and propensity for eating disorders. It is based on 1311 participants categorized by body mass index (BMI) into a normal ΒΜΙ group (NBG; N = 513), an overweight and obese ΒΜΙ group (OBG; N = 492), and a control group (CG; N = 309). All participants completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore), and Fitness Evaluation and Fitness Orientation subscales from the original Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the overall prediction of the variables was statistically significant. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) demonstrated the existence of significant interactions between groups and gender across a range of scales. Despite higher body image dissatisfaction in the OBG group, they maintained positive self-esteem and did not exhibit eating disorder tendencies. Notably, women reported greater dissatisfaction than men across all three groups. Our findings have practical implications for public health promotion strategies, policymaking, future research, and clinical practice. Encouraging regular exercise and adherence to the Mediterranean diet could improve body satisfaction and reduce eating disorder risk. Policymakers can advocate for community-based policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits.
Selection of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Hybrids Resistant to Fol, TYLCV, and TSWV with Early Maturity and Good Fruit Quality
Authors: Lafrance Richecarde , Villicaña Claudia , Valdéz-Torres José Benigno , García-Estrada Raymundo Saúl , Báez Sañudo Manuel Alonzo , Esparza-Araiza Mayra Janeth , León-Félix Josefina
Published: August 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is widely grown in the tropics, where its production is subjected to heavy disease losses. A goal of tomato breeders is genetic improvement of early maturity genotypes with higher fruit quality under challenging environmental conditions, such as the presence of multiple pathogens, is the goal of tomato breeders. In Mexico, tomato is one of the main exported vegetables, grown in most of the northwestern states of the country, with the state of Sinaloa as one of the largest producers. In this study, we evaluated fruit quality parameters in 16 tomato hybrids (14 hybrids under development in Sinaloa and 2 as commercial lines), which were previously analyzed with molecular markers to detect gene resistance. The hybrids were harvested at the “red ripe” stage at three different harvest dates. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, pH, color, firmness, and the TSS/acidity ratio were evaluated. Of the 16 hybrids analyzed, 2 showed the presence of genes for resistance to TYLCV, 7 for resistance to TSWV and Fol race 3, 15 for resistance to Fol race 2, and all 16 for resistance to Fol race l. Results show that most of the tomato hybrids analyzed during the three harvest dates met market standards reported in the USDA’s fresh tomato import regulations and Mexico Supreme Quality 2005 (MCS Mexico Calidad Suprema for its acronym in Spanish). However, two of the advanced developmental hybrids better met the market requirements and are also maturing early.
Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Needs of Refugee Women Exposed to Gender-Based Violence: The Case for Trauma-Informed Care in Resettlement Contexts
Authors: Mathis Cherra M. , Steiner Jordan J. , Kappas Mazzio Andrea , Bagwell-Gray Meredith , Wachter Karin , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista , Messing Jill , Nizigiyimana Jeanne
Published: August 2024

This paper assesses literature regarding the sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) needs of resettled refugee women who experienced gender-based violence (GBV) and trauma-informed care (TIC) principles utilized among SRH service providers. A systematic search identified relevant studies published between 2000 and 2021; no articles found reflected both SRH and TIC principles among refugee women. The search was therefore separated into two aims: to review the literature about SRH needs for refugee women in resettlement countries who experienced GBV (Aim 1) and to examine the use of TIC principles in SRH care among women who experienced GBV (Aim 2). Thematic analysis of the articles identified key themes. Twenty-six articles were included in the analysis across both aims (Aim 1 = 8, Aim 2 = 18). Aim 1 articles shared three factors shaping the SRH needs of resettled refugee women: the centrality of violence and trauma; structural barriers to SRH care; and actions, practices, and resources for service providers. Aim 2 articles illustrated seven key principles of TIC used in SRH service provision, such as empowerment; trauma-specific services and integrated care; connection; safety; collaboration; identity culture and context; and trustworthiness. Resettled refugee women’s experiences of violence necessitate trauma-informed SRH health care. While there is limited peer-reviewed literature regarding TIC-SRH care for refugee women, the findings regarding the SRH needs of refugee women and the findings regarding the implementation of TIC in SRH collectively frame recommendations for how SRH can be infused with TIC. An example from practice, in the form of the Refugee Women’s Health Clinic, is included as an exemplar of TIC SRH principles in action for the health of resettled refugee women who have survived gendered violence.
Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Neural Interface
Authors: Gou Shuchun , Yang Siyi , Cheng Yuhang , Yang Shu , Liu Hongli , Li Peixuan , Du Zhanhong
Published: August 2024

Neural interfaces are crucial conduits between neural tissues and external devices, enabling the recording and modulation of neural activity. However, with increasing demand, simple neural interfaces are no longer adequate to meet the requirements for precision, functionality, and safety. There are three main challenges in fabricating advanced neural interfaces: sensitivity, heat management, and biocompatibility. The electrical, chemical, and optical properties of 2D nanomaterials enhance the sensitivity of various types of neural interfaces, while the newly developed interfaces do not exhibit adverse reactions in terms of heat management and biocompatibility. Additionally, 2D nanomaterials can further improve the functionality of these interfaces, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility, stretchability, and drug delivery. In this review, we examine the recent applications of 2D nanomaterials in neural interfaces, focusing on their contributions to enhancing performance and functionality. Finally, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of these nanomaterials, analyze the importance of biocompatibility testing for 2D nanomaterials, and propose that improving and developing composite material structures to enhance interface performance will continue to lead the forefront of this field.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Thermodynamics: From Fundamentals to Present Applications, 2nd Edition
Authors: Mainar Ana M. , Urieta José S.
Published: August 2024

This Special Issue, “Macroscopic and Microscopic Thermodynamics: From Fundamentals to Present Applications [...]
Unveiling the Secrets of Oil Palm Genetics: A Look into Omics Research
Authors: Xu Wen , John Martin Jerome Jeyakumar , Li Xinyu , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Ruimin , Hou Mingming , Cao Hongxing , Cheng Shuanghong
Published: August 2024

Oil palm is a versatile oil crop with numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in applying histological techniques in oil palm research in recent years. Whole genome sequencing of oil palm has been carried out to explain the function and structure of the order genome, facilitating the development of molecular markers and the construction of genetic maps, which are crucial for studying important traits and genetic resources in oil palm. Transcriptomics provides a powerful tool for studying various aspects of plant biology, including abiotic and biotic stresses, fatty acid composition and accumulation, and sexual reproduction, while proteomics and metabolomics provide opportunities to study lipid synthesis and stress responses, regulate fatty acid composition based on different gene and metabolite levels, elucidate the physiological mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses, and explain intriguing biological processes in oil palm. This paper summarizes the current status of oil palm research from a multi-omics perspective and hopes to provide a reference for further in-depth research on oil palm.
The Impact of Serum/Plasma Proteomics on SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: D’Amato Maura , Grignano Maria Antonietta , Iadarola Paolo , Rampino Teresa , Gregorini Marilena , Viglio Simona
Published: August 2024

While COVID-19’s urgency has diminished since its emergence in late 2019, it remains a significant public health challenge. Recent research reveals that the molecular intricacies of this virus are far more complex than initially understood, with numerous post-translational modifications leading to diverse proteoforms and viral particle heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of patient serum/plasma emerges as a promising complementary approach to traditional diagnostic methods, offering insights into SARS-CoV-2 protein dynamics and enhancing understanding of the disease and its long-term consequences. This article highlights key findings from three years of pandemic-era proteomics research. It delves into biomarker discovery, diagnostic advancements, and drug development efforts aimed at monitoring COVID-19 onset and progression and exploring treatment options. Additionally, it examines global protein abundance and post-translational modification profiling to elucidate signaling pathway alterations and protein-protein interactions during infection. Finally, it explores the potential of emerging multi-omics analytic strategies in combatting SARS-CoV-2.
Targeting ITGβ3 to Overcome Trastuzumab Resistance through Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Regulation in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Boz Er Asiye Busra , Er Idris
Published: August 2024

HER2-positive breast cancer, representing 15–20% of all breast cancer cases, often develops resistance to the HER2-targeted therapy trastuzumab. Unfortunately, effective treatments for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer remain scarce. This study aims to investigate the roles of ITGβ3, and Hedgehog signaling in trastuzumab resistance and explore the potential of combining trastuzumab with cilengitide as a therapeutic strategy. Quantitative gene expression analysis was performed to assess the transcription of EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition) markers Slug, Snail, Twist2, and Zeb1 in trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The effects of ITGβ3 and Hedgehog signaling were investigated. Additionally, the combination therapy of trastuzumab and cilengitide was evaluated. Acquired trastuzumab resistance induced the transcription of Slug, Snail, Twist2, and Zeb1, indicating increased EMT. This increased EMT was mediated by ITGB3 and Hedgehog signaling. ITGβ3 regulated both the Hedgehog pathway and EMT, with the latter being independent of the Hedgehog pathway. The combination of trastuzumab and cilengitide showed a synergistic effect, reducing both EMT and Hedgehog pathway activity. Targeting ITGβ3 with cilengitide, combined with trastuzumab, effectively suppresses the Hedgehog pathway and EMT, offering a potential strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients.