bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Torque Matching Strategy for Dual Motor-Based All-Wheel-Driving Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Woo , Amarnathvarma Angani , Kim Eugene , Hwang Myeong-Hwan , Kim Kyoungmin , Kim Hyunwoo , Choi Iksu , Cha Hyun-Rok
Published: April 2022

The market for electric vehicles is growing rapidly. Among them, the demand for a dual motor type 4 WD (Four -Wheel Driving) system is increasing. In this paper, we present the Torque Matching Strategy (TMS) method to select the optimal torque distribution ratio for dual motors. The TMS controller operates to set the optimal efficiency point by linearizing the drive efficiency combination of the two motors. Driving simulation and testing were performed through five drive cycles in the driver model interworking environment implemented in MATLAB and Carsim. The optimal distribution ratio was derived according to the front and rear gear ratios under the load condition, and the driving was verified by comparing it with the TMS control method. The efficiency was numerically verified by comparing the power loss of the driving motor. It reduced up to 34% in Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule and up to 56.3% in Highway fuel efficiency test. The effectiveness of the TMS control method was demonstrated through the distribution rate trend based on the operation cycle and power loss.
A Review of Engine’s Performance When Supercharging by a Pressure Wave Supercharger
Authors: Costiuc Iuliana , Chiru Anghel , Costiuc Liviu
Published: April 2022

Improving the performance of internal combustion engines (ICE), together with lowering emissions, are the main targets for specialists in the automotive field. One option for increasing engine efficiency is creating a considerable amount of boost for the inlet combustion air by means of supercharging. In addition to common turbochargers, an alternative solution that has interested researchers for almost a century is the pressure wave supercharger (PWS). This paper is, at first, a complimentary tribute to most of the researchers that studied, experimented with and improved PW supercharging technology from the 50′s to the present. Second, this review emphasizes the performance achieved by ICEs when using PW supercharging, highlighting the limits of these main parameters in different operating conditions, based on the main reported results in the literature. It also provides an overview of PW supercharging technology, with its main advantages and disadvantages and suggests some technical solutions or geometric adjustments to improve its operation. Even though in recent years this technology has registered a decrease of interest, there are still preoccupations, especially in the aeronautical industry, justified by the profitability and simplicity of PW devices. The results of this theoretical work can be exploited practically in PWS design and applications.
Gene Expression in Zucchini Fruit Development
Authors: Ayala-Doñas Alejandro , de Cara-García Miguel , Román Belén , Gómez Pedro
Published: April 2022

The study of fruit development in zucchini via gene expression has proven to be applicable in breeding programs. Phenotypic and transcriptomic studies of fruit set and parthenocarpy have been previously developed and some relevant genes have been reported. From these studies, three genotypes (MUCU-16, Whitaker, and Cavili) and six genes (CpAUX22, CpIAA4, CpIAMT-1, CpPIN5, CpCYCD6-1, and CpEXPLB1) were selected. The expression of these genes was analyzed in each genotype under three different treatments (pollination, auxin-treatment and non-treatment) during one week post anthesis. Also, a phenotyping analysis was conducted. The different nature of the samples and the genes selected allowed associations between different fruit traits and fruit development stages. There was a rapid response of CpAUX22 and CpIAA4 to the auxin treatment. Also, these genes and the CpIAMT-1 became more overexpressed in pollinated samples over time. The CpPIN5 gene increased its expression over time in all genotypes while CpCYCD6-1 was overexpressed in the early stages of fruit development in all samples. The CpEXPLB1 was highly up-regulated in non-treated samples, suggesting a relationship with fruit abortion. The overexpression of CpAUX22 and the non-overexpression of CpEXPLB1 in early stages may be associated with fruit growth in zucchini.
Lineage Conversion in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Leukemia under Blinatumomab Therapy
Authors: Semchenkova Alexandra , Mikhailova Ekaterina , Komkov Alexander , Gaskova Marina , Abasov Ruslan , Matveev Evgenii , Kazanov Marat , Mamedov Ilgar , Shmitko Anna , Belova Vera , Miroshnichenkova Anna , Illarionova Olga , Olshanskaya Yulia , Tsaur Grigory , Verzhbitskaya Tatiana , Ponomareva Natalia , Bronin Gleb , Kondratchik Konstantin , Fechina Larisa , Diakonova Yulia , Vavilova Liudmila , Myakova Natalia , Novichkova Galina , Maschan Alexey , Maschan Michael , Zerkalenkova Elena , Popov Alexander
Published: April 2022

We report incidence and deep molecular characteristics of lineage switch in 182 pediatric patients affected by B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), who were treated with blinatumomab. We documented six cases of lineage switch that occurred after or during blinatumomab exposure. Therefore, lineage conversion was found in 17.4% of all resistance cases (4/27) and 3.2% of relapses (2/63). Half of patients switched completely from BCP-ALL to CD19-negative acute myeloid leukemia, others retained CD19-positive B-blasts and acquired an additional CD19-negative blast population: myeloid or unclassifiable. Five patients had KMT2A gene rearrangements; one had TCF3::ZNF384 translocation. The presented cases showed consistency of gene rearrangements and fusion transcripts across initially diagnosed leukemia and lineage switch. In two of six patients, the clonal architecture assessed by IG/TR gene rearrangements was stable, while in others, loss of clones or gain of new clones was noted. KMT2A-r patients demonstrated very few additional mutations, while in the TCF3::ZNF384 case, lineage switch was accompanied by a large set of additional mutations. The immunophenotype of an existing leukemia sometimes changes via different mechanisms and with different additional molecular changes. Careful investigation of all BM compartments together with all molecular –minimal residual disease studies can lead to reliable identification of lineage switch.
Hypermethylation-Mediated Silencing of CIDEA, MAL and PCDH17 Tumour Suppressor Genes in Canine DLBCL: From Multi-Omics Analyses to Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Zorzan Eleonora , Elgendy Ramy , Guerra Giorgia , Da Ros Silvia , Gelain Maria Elena , Bonsembiante Federico , Garaffo Giulia , Vitale Nicoletta , Piva Roberto , Marconato Laura , Aresu Luca , Dacasto Mauro , Giantin Mery
Published: April 2022

Gene expression is controlled by epigenetic deregulation, a hallmark of cancer. The DNA methylome of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), the most frequent malignancy of B-lymphocytes in dog, has recently been investigated, suggesting that aberrant hypermethylation of CpG loci is associated with gene silencing. Here, we used a multi-omics approach (DNA methylome, transcriptome and copy number variations) combined with functional in vitro assays, to identify putative tumour suppressor genes subjected to DNA methylation in cDLBCL. Using four cDLBCL primary cell cultures and CLBL-1 cells, we found that CiDEA, MAL and PCDH17, which were significantly suppressed in DLBCL samples, were hypermethylated and also responsive (at the DNA, mRNA and protein level) to pharmacological unmasking with hypomethylating drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors. The regulatory mechanism underneath the methylation-dependent inhibition of those target genes expression was then investigated through luciferase and in vitro methylation assays. In the most responsive CpG-rich regions, an in silico analysis allowed the prediction of putative transcription factor binding sites influenced by DNA methylation. Interestingly, regulatory elements for AP2, MZF1, NF-kB, PAX5 and SP1 were commonly identified in all three genes. This study provides a foundation for characterisation and experimental validation of novel epigenetically-dysregulated pathways in cDLBCL.
Effects of Non-Polar Dietary and Endogenous Lipids on Gut Microbiota Alterations: The Role of Lipidomics
Authors: Tsiantas Konstantinos , Konteles Spyridon J. , Kritsi Eftichia , Sinanoglou Vassilia J. , Tsiaka Thalia , Zoumpoulakis Panagiotis
Published: April 2022

Advances in sequencing technologies over the past 15 years have led to a substantially greater appreciation of the importance of the gut microbiome to the health of the host. Recent outcomes indicate that aspects of nutrition, especially lipids (exogenous or endogenous), can influence the gut microbiota composition and consequently, play an important role in the metabolic health of the host. Thus, there is an increasing interest in applying holistic analytical approaches, such as lipidomics, metabolomics, (meta)transcriptomics, (meta)genomics, and (meta)proteomics, to thoroughly study the gut microbiota and any possible interplay with nutritional or endogenous components. This review firstly summarizes the general background regarding the interactions between important non-polar dietary (i.e., sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and carotenoids) or amphoteric endogenous (i.e., eicosanoids, endocannabinoids-eCBs, and specialized pro-resolving mediators-SPMs) lipids and gut microbiota. In the second stage, through the evaluation of a vast number of dietary clinical interventions, a comprehensive effort is made to highlight the role of the above lipid categories on gut microbiota and vice versa. In addition, the present status of lipidomics in current clinical interventions as well as their strengths and limitations are also presented. Indisputably, dietary lipids and most phytochemicals, such as sterols and carotenoids, can play an important role on the development of medical foods or nutraceuticals, as they exert prebiotic-like effects. On the other hand, endogenous lipids can be considered either prognostic indicators of symbiosis or dysbiosis or even play a role as specialized mediators through dietary interventions, which seem to be regulated by gut microbiota.
Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles against Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in Tomato Plants
Authors: Varympopi Adamantia , Dimopoulou Anastasia , Papafotis Dimitris , Avramidis Pavlos , Sarris Ioannis , Karamanidou Theodora , Kerou Alexandra Kaldeli , Vlachou Afroditi , Vellis Eleftherios , Giannopoulos Andreas , Haralampidis Kosmas , Theologidis Ioannis , Hatzinikolaou Dimitris G. , Tsouknidas Alexander , Skandalis Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Copper-based bactericides have appeared as a new tool in crop protection and offer an effective solution to combat bacterial resistance. In this work, two copper nanoparticle products that were previously synthesized and evaluated against major bacterial and fungal pathogens were tested on their ability to control the bacterial spot disease of tomato. Growth of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, the causal agent of the disease, was significantly suppressed by both nanoparticles, which had superior function compared to conventional commercial formulations of copper. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry measurements in tomato leaves revealed that bioavailability of copper is superior in the case of nanoparticles compared to conventional formulations and is dependent on synthesis rather than size. This is the first report correlating bioavailability of copper to nanoparticle efficacy.
Carbon Nanotube-Mediated Plasmid DNA Delivery in Rice Leaves and Seeds
Authors: Dunbar Tia , Tsakirpaloglou Nikolaos , Septiningsih Endang M. , Thomson Michael J.
Published: April 2022

CRISPR-Cas gene editing technologies offer the potential to modify crops precisely; however, in vitro plant transformation and regeneration techniques present a bottleneck due to the lengthy and genotype-specific tissue culture process. Ideally, in planta transformation can bypass tissue culture and directly lead to transformed plants, but efficient in planta delivery and transformation remains a challenge. This study investigates transformation methods that have the potential to directly alter germline cells, eliminating the challenge of in vitro plant regeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) loaded with plasmid DNA can diffuse through plant cell walls, facilitating transient expression of foreign genetic elements in plant tissues. To test if this approach is a viable technique for in planta transformation, CNT-mediated plasmid DNA delivery into rice tissues was performed using leaf and excised-embryo infiltration with reporter genes. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that CNTs facilitate plasmid DNA delivery in rice leaf and embryo tissues, resulting in transient GFP, YFP, and GUS expression. Experiments were also initiated with CRISPR-Cas vectors targeting the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene for CNT delivery into mature embryos to create heritable genetic edits. Overall, the results suggest that CNT-based delivery of plasmid DNA appears promising for in planta transformation, and further optimization can enable high-throughput gene editing to accelerate functional genomics and crop improvement activities.
Pep19 Has a Positive Effect on Insulin Sensitivity and Ameliorates Both Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Phenotype of Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Silvério Renata , Barth Robson , Heimann Andrea S. , Reckziegel Patrícia , dos Santos Gustavo J. , Romero-Zerbo Silvana Y. , Bermúdez-Silva Francisco J. , Rafacho Alex , Ferro Emer S.
Published: April 2022

Peptide DIIADDEPLT (Pep19) has been previously suggested to improve metabolic parameters, without adverse central nervous system effects, in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Here, we aimed to further evaluate whether Pep19 oral administration has anti-obesogenic effects, in a well-established high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Male Swiss mice, fed either a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD), were orally administrated for 30 consecutive days, once a day, with saline vehicle or Pep19 (1 mg/kg). Next, several metabolic, morphological, and behavioral parameters were evaluated. Oral administration of Pep19 attenuated HFD body-weight gain, reduced in approximately 40% the absolute mass of the endocrine pancreas, and improved the relationship between circulating insulin and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Pep19 treatment of HFD-fed mice attenuated liver inflammation, hepatic fat distribution and accumulation, and lowered plasma alanine aminotransferase activity. The inguinal fat depot from the SD group treated with Pep19 showed multilocular brown-fat-like cells and increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), suggesting browning on inguinal white adipose cells. Morphological analysis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) from HFD mice showed the presence of larger white-like unilocular cells, compared to BAT from SD, Pep19-treated SD or HFD mice. Pep19 treatment produced no alterations in mice behavior. Oral administration of Pep19 ameliorates some metabolic traits altered by diet-induced obesity in a Swiss mice model.
Identification of Sex Differentiation-Related microRNAs in Spinach Female and Male Flower
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Yueyuan , Wang Jiwen , Zhang Wanqing , Meng Ziwei , Wang Yuanshen , Zhang Yulan , Li Shufen , Gao Wujun , Deng Chuanliang
Published: April 2022

Sex determination and differentiation is an important biological process for unisexual flower development. Spinach is a model plant to study the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of dioecious plant. Till now, little is known about spinach sex determination and differentiation mechanism. MicroRNAs are key factors in flower development. Herein, small RNA sequencing was performed to explore the roles of microRNAs in spinach sex determination and differentiation. As a result, 92 known and 3402 novel microRNAs were identified in 18 spinach female and male flower samples. 74 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified between female and male flowers, including 20 female-biased and 48 male-biased expression microRNAs. Target prediction identified 22 sex-biased microRNA-target pairs, which may be involved in spinach sex determination or differentiation. Among the differentially expressed microRNAs between FNS and M03, 55 microRNAs were found to reside in sex chromosome; one of them, sol-miR2550n, was functionally studied via genetic transformation. Silencing of sol-miR2550n resulted in abnormal anther while overexpression of sol-miR2550n induced early flowering, indicating sol-miR2550n was a male-promoting factor and validating the reliability of our small RNA sequencing data. Conclusively, this work can supply valuable information for exploring spinach sex determination and differentiation and provide a new insight in studying unisexual flower development.
MFG-E8 Reduces Aortic Intimal Proliferation in a Murine Model of Transplant Vasculopathy
Authors: Brilland Benoit , Laplante Patrick , Thebault Pamela , Geoffroy Karen , Brissette Marie-Joëlle , Latour Mathieu , Chassé Michaël , Qi Shijie , Hébert Marie-Josée , Cardinal Héloïse , Cailhier Jean-François
Published: April 2022

Transplant vasculopathy is characterized by endothelial apoptosis, which modulates the local microenvironment. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), which is released by apoptotic endothelial cells, limits tissue damage and inflammation by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophages. We aimed to study its role in transplant vasculopathy using the murine aortic allotransplantation model. BALB/c mice were transplanted with fully mismatched aortic transplants from MFG-E8 knockout (KO) or wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. Thereafter, mice received MFG-E8 (or vehicle) injections for 9 weeks prior to histopathological analysis of allografts for intimal proliferation (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and leukocyte infiltration assessment (immunofluorescence). Phenotypes of blood leukocytes and humoral responses were also evaluated (flow cytometry and ELISA). Mice receiving MFG-E8 KO aortas without MFG-E8 injections had the most severe intimal proliferation (p < 0.001). Administration of MFG-E8 decreased intimal proliferation, especially in mice receiving MFG-E8 KO aortas. Administration of MFG-E8 also increased the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages among graft-infiltrating macrophages (p = 0.003) and decreased systemic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation (p < 0.001). An increase in regulatory T cells occurred in both groups of mice receiving WT aortas (p < 0.01). Thus, the analarmin MFG-E8 appears to be an important protein for reducing intimal proliferation in this murine model of transplant vasculopathy. MFG-E8 effects are associated with intra-allograft macrophage reprogramming and systemic T-cell activation dampening.
A Novel Selenium Polysaccharide Alleviates the Manganese (Mn)-Induced Toxicity in Hep G2 Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Tao , Wang Xiaoju , Yan Xinchen , Dai Yali , Liang Tao , Zhou Lijun , Feng Shiling , Yuan Ming , Yang Hongyu , Ding Chunbang
Published: April 2022

Manganese (Mn) is now known to have a variety of toxicities, particularly when exposed to it in the workplace. However, there are still ineffective methods for reducing Mn’s hazardous effects. In this study, a new selenium polysaccharide (Se-PCS) was developed from the shell of Camellia oleifera to reduce Mn toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that Se-PCS may boost cell survival in Hep G2 cells exposed to Mn and activate antioxidant enzyme activity, lowering ROS and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, after being treated with Se-PCS, Caenorhabditis elegans survived longer under Mn stress. daf-16, a tolerant critical gene, was turned on. Moreover, the antioxidant system was enhanced as the increase in strong antioxidant enzyme activity and high expression of the sod-3, ctl-2, and gst-1 genes. A variety of mutations were also used to confirm that Se-PCS downregulated the insulin signaling pathway. These findings showed that Se-PCS protected Hep G2 cells and C. elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and that it could be developed into a promising medication to treat Mn toxicity.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Immune Check-Point Inhibitor Myocarditis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arcari Luca , Tini Giacomo , Camastra Giovanni , Ciolina Federica , De Santis Domenico , Russo Domitilla , Caruso Damiano , Danti Massimiliano , Cacciotti Luca
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a family of anticancer drugs in which the immune response elicited against the tumor may involve other organs, including the heart. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is increasingly used in the diagnostic work-up of myocardial inflammation; recently, several studies investigated the use of CMR in patients with ICI-myocarditis (ICI-M). The aim of the present systematic review is to summarize the available evidence on CMR findings in ICI-M. We searched electronic databases for relevant publications; after screening, six studies were selected, including 166 patients from five cohorts, and further 86 patients from a sub-analysis that were targeted for a tissue mapping assessment. CMR revealed mostly preserved left ventricular ejection fraction; edema prevalence ranged from 9% to 60%; late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) prevalence ranged from 23% to 83%. T1 and T2 mapping assessment were performed in 108 and 104 patients, respectively. When available, the comparison of CMR with endomyocardial biopsy revealed partial agreement between techniques and was higher for native T1 mapping amongst imaging biomarkers. The prognostic assessment was inconsistently assessed; CMR variables independently associated with the outcome included decreasing LVEF and increasing native T1. In conclusion, CMR findings in ICI-M include myocardial dysfunction, edema and fibrosis, though less evident than in more classic forms of myocarditis; native T1 mapping retained the higher concordance with EMB and significant prognostic value.
Supermarket/Hypermarket Opportunistic Screening for Atrial Fibrillation (SHOPS-AF): A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study Protocol
Authors: Jones Ian D. , Lane Deirdre A. , Lotto Robyn R. , Oxborough David , Neubeck Lis , Penson Peter E. , Czanner Gabriela , Shaw Andy , Johnston Smith Emma , Santos Aimeris , McGinn Emily E. , Ajiboye Aderonke , Town Nicola , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: April 2022

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a key risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Following AF detection, treatment with oral anticoagulation can significantly lower mortality and morbidity rates associated with this risk. The availability of several hand-held devices which can detect AF may enable trained health professionals to adopt AF screening approaches which do not interfere with people’s daily routines. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a hand-held device (the MyDiagnostick single-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor) in screening for AF when embedded into the handles of supermarket trolleys. Methods: A mixed methods two-phase approach will be taken. The quantitative first phase will involve the recruitment of 2000 participants from a convenience sample at four large supermarkets with pharmacies. Prospective participants will be asked to conduct their shopping using a trolley embedded with a MyDiagnostick sensor. If the device identifies a participant with AF, the in-store pharmacist will be dispatched to take a manual pulse measurement and a static control sensor reading and offer a cardiologist consultation referral. When the sensor does not detect AF, a researcher will confirm the reading with a manual pulse measurement. ECGs will be compiled, and the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values will be determined. A qualitative second phase will consist of semi-structured interviews carried out with those pharmacists and store managers in-store during the running of the trial period. These will explore the perceptions of staff regarding the merits of embedding sensors in the handles of supermarket trolleys to detect AF. Conclusion: This feasibility study will inform a larger future definitive trial.
Decrease of Hyaluronidase Activity and Suppression of Mouse CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation by Tomato Juice Saponin Esculeoside B, and Its Sapogenol Esculeogenin B
Authors: Zhou Jian-Rong , Kitahara Nozomi , Nakamura Honami , Ono Takuya , Karashima Ryohei , Fang Jun , Nohara Toshihiro , Yokomizo Kazumi
Published: April 2022

(1) Background: A naturally occurring glycoside, esculeoside B (EsB), has been identified as a major component in juice or canned tomato. We reported how EsB ameliorated mice experimental atopic dermatitis by a decrease in serum IgE levels. However, the underlying immunologic molecular mechanisms are unknown. (2) Methods: The present study tested the effects of EsB on hyaluronidase activity and CD4+ T lymphocyte activation using concanavalin A (ConA)-blast mouse splenocyte primary culture. (3) Results: We found that EsB and its sapogenol esculeogenin B (Esg-B) decreased hyaluronidase activity by a modified Morgan–Elson method. We demonstrated that EsB/Esg-B dose-dependently suppressed T-lymphoproliferation using CFSE-labeled flow-cytometry and water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay. Using ELISA and q-PCR methods, EsB/Esg-B suppressed the cytokine secretion and mRNA expression of Th2-relevant IL-4 and Th1-relevant IFN-γ. Moreover, both EsB/Esg-B showed a reduction in IL-10 secretion, but only Esg-B decreased IL-2 secretion. (4) Conclusions: Our study is the first to demonstrate how EsB/Esg-B inhibit hyaluronidase activity and reduce CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation via a reduction in Th2-lymphocyte activity by modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg subunits differentiation.
Quantifying the Effects of Grain Refiners Al-Ti-B and La on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of W319 Alloy
Authors: Liu Xinxiu , Wang Bing , Li Quan , Wang Junsheng , Zhang Chi , Xue Chengpeng , Yang Xinghai , Tian Guangyuan , Liu Xiaoguang , Tang Hongqun
Published: April 2022

It is well known that the microstructure distribution in recycled Al-Si alloys has a large impact on the final mechanical properties. In this study, the microstructure, including Fe-rich intermetallics and microporosity, was quantitatively adjusted using multi-scale characterization with microalloying rare earth elements and traditional grain refiners as the objects of study. It was found that the addition of Al-Ti-B to W319 recycled aluminum alloy reduces the microstructure size and Fe-rich intermetallics, while the addition of La facilitates the transformation of harmful β-Fe into less harmful particles and the densification of coarse eutectic Si, promoting the refining effects on the microstructure additionally. Therefore, the RE and Al-Ti-B master alloy could be a potential new grain refining agent, especially for Al-cast alloys when the ductility is critical for designing. The improvement in elongation far exceeds the original level, up to 69.6%, while maintaining the same level of strength or even better. At the same time, the excessive addition of La may lead to the depletion of Cu and Ti elements during heat treatment, degrading ductility and strength.
A Novel Strategy for Unveiling Spatial Distribution Pattern of Gallotannins in Paeonia rockii and Paeonia ostii Based on LC–QTRAP–MS
Authors: Bai Zhangzhen , Yu Rui , Zheng Tiantian , Sun Daoyang , Zhou Yang , Tang Junman , Zhu Huili , Li Guangning , Niu Lixin , Cui Lu , Du Rui , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yanlong
Published: April 2022

Gallotannins (GTs) are a series of hydrolyzable tannins with multiple health-promoting effects. In this study, an integrated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) strategy was developed for unveiling the spatial distribution pattern of GTs in the emerging oilseed crops Paeonia rockii and P. ostii. According to the fragmentation behavior of the representative GT (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, PGG), the diagnostic neutral loss (NL) of 170 Da was chosen for the non-targeted screening of GT precursors. Simultaneously, the tandem mass spectrometry spectrum (MS/MS) information was acquired through an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan. Nine major GTs were identified in tree peony. To quantify the targeted GTs in different tissues of tree peony, we established a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)–enhanced product ion (EPI)-based pseudo-targeted approach under the information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode. The quantitative results show that the GT compounds were ubiquitous in tree peony plants with diverse structures. The typical GT PGG was mainly distributed in roots, leaves, and petals. This strategy can also be utilized for metabolite characterization and quantification in other substrates.
Ultra-Fine Ruthenium Oxide Quantum Dots/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as Electrodes for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhang Jianmin , Yin Hang , Zhao Yuling , Xu Guangxu , Yuan Jinshi , Mo Xiaoyao , Tang Jie , Wang Fengyun
Published: April 2022

This study synthesized ultra-fine nanometer-scaled ruthenium oxide (RuO2) quantum dots (QDs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface by a facile and rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of RuO2 and rGO, RuO2/rGO nanocomposite electrodes showed ultra-high capacitive performance. The impact of different RuO2 loadings in RuO2/rGO nanocomposite on their electrochemical performance was investigated by various characterizations. The composite RG-2 with 38 wt.% RuO2 loadings exhibited a specific capacitance of 1120 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. In addition, it has an excellent capacity retention rate of 84 % from 1A g−1 to 10 A g−1, and excellent cycling stability of 89% retention after 10,000 cycles, indicating fast ion-involved redox reactions on the nanocomposite surfaces. These results illustrate that RuO2/rGO composites prepared by this facile process can be an ideal candidate electrode for high-performance supercapacitors.
Effectiveness of Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Peptide Immobilization on Endothelial Cell Migration for Cardio-Vascular Applications: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Schieber Romain , Mas-Moruno Carlos , Lasserre Federico , Roa Joan Josep , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Mücklich Frank , Pegueroles Marta
Published: April 2022

Endothelial coverage of an exposed cardiovascular stent surface leads to the occurrence of restenosis and late-stent thrombosis several months after implantation. To overcome this difficulty, modification of stent surfaces with topographical or biochemical features may be performed to increase endothelial cells’ (ECs) adhesion and/or migration. This work combines both strategies on cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy and studies the potential synergistic effect of linear patterned surfaces that are obtained by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP), coupled with the use of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) peptides. An extensive characterization of the modified surfaces was performed by using AFM, XPS, surface charge, electrochemical analysis and fluorescent methods. The biological response was studied in terms of EC adhesion, migration and proliferation assays. CoCr surfaces were successfully patterned with a periodicity of 10 µm and two different depths, D (≈79 and 762 nm). RGD and YIGSR were immobilized on the surfaces by CPTES silanization. Early EC adhesion was increased on the peptide-functionalized surfaces, especially for YIGSR compared to RGD. High-depth patterns generated 80% of ECs’ alignment within the topographical lines and enhanced EC migration. It is noteworthy that the combined use of the two strategies synergistically accelerated the ECs’ migration and proliferation, proving the potential of this strategy to enhance stent endothelialization.
Dysbiosis in the Rhizosphere Microbiome of Standing Dead Korean Fir (Abies koreana)
Authors: Han Gil , Mannaa Mohamed , Jeon Hyoseong , Jung Hyejung , Kim Jin-Cheol , Park Ae Ran , Seo Young-Su
Published: April 2022

The Korean fir (Abies koreana), a native coniferous tree species mainly found on Mt. Halla in Jeju, South Korea, is suffering from continuous population decline and has been declared an endangered species. Research efforts have focused on the possible abiotic causes behind this worrying decline. However, the potential link between tree vitality and the rhizosphere microbiome remains unclear. In this study, a comparative metagenomic 16S rRNA sequence analysis was used to investigate the composition of the rhizosphere microbiota of samples collected from healthy and die-back-affected trees on Mt. Halla. The results indicated a significant reduction in the richness and diversity of microbiota in the rhizosphere of die-back-affected trees. Moreover, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were significantly higher in healthy trees than in standing dead trees. Many bacterial genera were significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere of healthy trees, including those known for promoting plant growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (e.g., Bradyrhizobium, Rhizomicrobium, Caulobacter, Nitrosospira, Rhizobacter, Paraburkholderia, Rhizobium, Devosia, Caballeronia, Niveispirillum, Dyella, Herbaspirillum, Frankia, Streptomyces, Actinoallomurus, Lysobacter, Luteibacter, Mucilaginibacter, and Variovorax). To our knowledge, this is the first report on rhizosphere bacterial microbiome dysbiosis in die-back-affected Korean fir trees, suggesting that the influence of rhizosphere microbiota should be considered to save this endangered species by investigating possible intervention strategies in future work.
Chitosan as a Tool for Sustainable Development: A Mini Review
Authors: Maliki Soundouss , Sharma Gaurav , Kumar Amit , Moral-Zamorano María , Moradi Omid , Baselga Juan , Stadler Florian J. , García-Peñas Alberto
Published: April 2022

New developments require innovative ecofriendly materials defined by their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatility. For that reason, the scientific society is focused on biopolymers such as chitosan, which is the second most abundant in the world after cellulose. These new materials should show good properties in terms of sustainability, circularity, and energy consumption during industrial applications. The idea is to replace traditional raw materials with new ecofriendly materials which contribute to keeping a high production rate but also reducing its environmental impact and the costs. The chitosan shows interesting and unique properties, thus it can be used for different purposes which contributes to the design and development of sustainable novel materials. This helps in promoting sustainability through the use of chitosan and diverse materials based on it. For example, it is a good sustainable alternative for food packaging or it can be used for sustainable agriculture. The chitosan can also reduce the pollution of other industrial processes such as paper production. This mini review collects some of the most important advances for the sustainable use of chitosan for promoting circular economy. Hence, the present review focuses on different aspects of chitosan from its synthesis to multiple applications.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization of Titanium-Dioxide-Incorporated Rice Straw Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites
Authors: Yue Tianqi , Wang Huanbo , Fu Yuan , Guo Shiyu , Zhang Xuefeng , Liu Tian
Published: April 2022

In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated rice straw fiber (RS)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) biocomposites were prepared by injection molding with different TiO2 powder loadings. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 demonstrated the best mechanical properties, where the flexural strength and modulus increased by 30.34% and 28.39%, respectively, compared with RS/PBS. The non-isothermal crystallization of neat PBS, RS/PBS composites, and titanium-dioxide-incorporated RS/PBS composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The non-isothermal crystallization data were analyzed using several theoretical models. The Avrami and Mo kinetic models described the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PBS and the composites; however, the Ozawa model was inapplicable. The crystallization temperature (Tc), half-time of crystallization (t1/2), and kinetic parameters (FT) showed that the crystallizability followed the order: TiO2-incorporated RS/PBS composites > RS/PBS > PBS. The RS/PBS with 1 wt% TiO2 showed the best crystallization properties. The Friedman model was used to evaluate the effective activation energy of the non-isothermal crystallization of PBS and its composites. Rice straw fiber and TiO2 acted as nucleating agents for PBS. The XRD results showed that the addition of rice straw fiber and TiO2 did not substantially affect the crystal parameters of the PBS matrix. Overall, this study shows that RS and TiO2 can significantly improve the crystallization and mechanical properties of PBS composites.
The role of MRI-guided focused ultrasound in neurosurgery
Authors: Dabija Marius Gabriel , Nechifor Ioan Sebastian , Dabija Vlad Andrei , Costachescu Bogdan , Eva Lucian
Published: April 2022

Introduction. MRgFUS is a novel technology, which can have profound implications in the current treatment of neurological disorders. Its applications range widely, from the alteration of the blood-brain barrier, ablation of tumours to the treatment of movement disorders.

Objective. To review, following thorough research of the literature, the principles of its use in the treatment of neurological diseases and the main reported evidence of its clinical implementation.

Material and method. Interrogation of the MEDLINE database, using the PubMed search engine, for the following  MESH words: “MRgFUS”, “FUS” “BRAIN”, from 2000 to the current year.

Conclusion. MRgFUS can be safely used today for the treatment of Essential Tremor. New research is warranted for the evaluation of its safety and effectiveness in other neurological disorders.
Intracranial myopericitoma
Authors: Đurović Branko , Radulović Danilo , Joković Miloš , Cvrkota Irena , Đurović Marko , Jovanović Nemanja , Aleksić Vuk
Published: April 2022

Myopericytoma is a benign, soft tissue tumor probably derived from perivascular myoid cells. They are usually found in subcutaneous tissues in the extremities. Intracranial localization of myopericitoma is exceedingly uncommon. We report a 43 years old male patient with incidentally found myopericitoma of the posterior fossa. Patient was operated and tumor was completely removed. Patient was subsequently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to human immunodeficiency virus infection. One year after operation tumor showed no signs of recurrence, but patient developed progressive symptoms of AIDS and started highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Connection of intracranial myopericitoma appearance and HIV/AIDS has been reported before, but clear connection is yet to be elucidated.
Surgical site infections in neurosurgery
Authors: Bocco Albéric , Panu Lievin , Chellaoui Abdelmajid , Lakhdar Abdelhakim , Naja Abdessamad
Published: April 2022

Background: Surgical site infections in neurosurgery are serious due to their proximity to the central nervous system and their management is a challenge. The aim of our work is to report surgical site infections (SSI) in patients who underwent brain or spinal surgery and to describe their characteristics.
Materials and method: We conducted a retrospective study involving patients who underwent surgery in our facility's neurosurgical emergency department over 5 years from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were collected from medical hospital and follow-up records.
Results: Fifty-eight cases of SSI were identified out of 2889 operations in total, for a frequency of 2%. The series consisted of 36 men (62.07%) and 22 women (37.93%). The average age was 43.9 years (19-72 years). 46 patients (79.31%) had undergone urgent surgery and 12 patients (20.69%) for delayed surgery. 40 patients (68.97%) had undergone cranial intervention and 18 patients (31.03%) underwent spinal surgery. The identified germ was Staphylococcus aureus in 13 cases (76.48%). Mortality was 13.8% (8 out of 58 cases).
Conclusion: The majority of microorganisms that cause the infections contaminate the surgical site intraoperatively. Preventive measures can reduce the rate of surgical site infections.
A reverse brain herniation (RBH) after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP) in posterior fossa tumour with obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Tyngkan Lamkordor , Avatar Singh  , Abdul Rashid Bhat
Published: April 2022

The risk of hydrocephalus in posterior fossa tumour is quite high (71- 90%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures like ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and external ventricular drainage (EVD) are emergency procedures and may improve symptoms like headache and vomiting. However, post-operative deterioration after CSF diversion should alert the clinician to the possibility of RBH which is rare (3%) and has a high mortality. We report a case of a 12-year female child with a left cerebellar lesion with hydrocephalus. VP shunt was done and her pupils revert back to normal size, two hours post-surgery her pupils become dilated and not reacting to light, an urgent CT was done which showed reverse brain herniation. Reverse brain herniation is a very rare complication after the CSF diversion procedure with a poor prognosis.
The importance of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) in the diagnosis of cerebral cavernomas
Authors: Bentia Dan , Marinescu Andrei Alexandru , Papagheorghe Florin , Popa Georgeta , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Cavernomas are one of the four types of vascular malformations which develop in the central nervous system. From an imaging point of view, they are low flow small vessel malformations that cannot be seen on conventional angiography and are rarely visible on CT. They can be seen on MRI because of the para-magnetic haemoglobin break-down products within them.

Case presentation: A 35 years old male presented at the emergency room following a tonic-clonic seizure, without urine emission. After a clinical exam, it was decided to perform a cerebral MRI with contrast substance and angiographic sequence. Clinical and imagistic results showed a superficial left temporal cavernoma, which showed signs of recent bleeding. After the surgery, the patient has no neurological deficits and is discharged afebrile and without any other symptoms. At 6 weeks after the surgery, the patients returned for neurosurgical reevaluation in perfect neurological condition, without motor deficit or intracranial hypertension.

Conclusions: Cavernomas are angiographic cryptic vascular lesions that need an MRI investigation in order to appreciate them correctly.
Surgical smoke, neurosurgical practice and coronavirus
Authors: Shrivastava Adesh , Maria Noor-Ul-Huda , Mishra Rakesh , Florez-Perdomo William , Agrawal Amit , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: April 2022

Surgical smoke also referred to as cautery smoke is a gaseous mixture produced during surgical procedures where there is ablation, cutting, coagulation, desiccation or vaporization of the tissue.  In a true sense "surgical smoke” refers to surgically generated gaseous contents. The surgical smoke results from the destruction of bones and tissues, causing microscopic particles to get suspended in the environment.
Recent descriptions on physiological concepts of the pineal gland: what's new?
Authors: Contreras-De La Hoz Dany Leonardo , Viracacha-López Germán Camilo , Sarmiento-Palma Julieth Vivian , Llerena-Gutierrez Loraine , Mantilla-Pardo Julio César , Blanco-Fernandez Guillermo Andre , Millan-Puerto Criss Madeley , Caicedo-Lozada Rodrigo Alberto , Guerrero-Ceron Anderson Fabian , Espinosa-Ortiz David Eduardo , Lozada-Martinez Ivan David , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael
Published: April 2022

The pineal gland is an endocrine organ located in the cranial vault. Its endocrine function has been extensively studied and has been found to be the cause of important regulatory functions in the physiology of the human body. Although the initial approaches to the suggestive action of this organ on the organism were of a philosophical and spiritual nature, in the last century technological advances have made it possible to clearly elucidate its effector function as an endocrine gland. In this order of ideas, the objective of this review is to address basic and recent descriptions of the physiology of the pineal gland.
Multimodal neurological monitoring in neurotrauma
Authors: Reina-Rivero Randy , Rodriguez-Gutierrez Maria Manuela , Ortega Sierra Michael Gregorio , Jamioy-Cabrera Diego Fernando , Villegas-Lora Juan Felipe , Caycedo-Montiel Daniela Margoth , Balanta-Perea Juan David , Vergara-Trujillo Richard Adrian , Bellera Fernando , Picón-Jaimes Yelson Alejandro
Published: April 2022

Multimodal neuromonitoring is used as an adjunct to clinical neurological examination, imaging and other diagnostic studies to obtain the most detailed information about the physiology of the brain. Neuromonitoring has been a standard of care for patients presenting with traumatic brain injury in most critical care centres for the past several years. Neuromonitoring is composed of multiple variables, which not only provides a better dynamic of the pathophysiology of the compromised brain but also how it might respond to the corresponding management procedures. Although the clinical neurological examination is the standard for monitoring the neurocritical patient, the results obtained in the latter may be insufficient or inconclusive to detect or prevent secondary brain injury. Therefore, multiple neuromonitoring tools have been developed to measure different physiological variables that can contribute to a better follow-up of patients with traumatic brain injury. These variables include cerebral blood flow, cerebral electrical activity, cerebral metabolism, cerebral oxygenation and cerebral pressure. Thanks to monitoring as an adjuvant in critical care, it has been possible to avoid, identify and manage secondary brain injuries that commonly aggravate patients. This review aims to illustrate the main advantages and most recent recommendations regarding neuromonitoring based on the most current evidence.
PROTECTED SPECIES OF THE FLORA OF FOREST PHYTOCENOSES NEAR THE VILLAGE OF TERESHKY (POLTAVA DISTRICT, POLTAVA REGION)
Authors: Gomlya L. , Orlova L. , Matvievskaya O.
Published: April 2022

Results of studying of rare vascular plant species found in forest communities near Tereshky village of Poltava district of Poltava administrative region were summarized in this paper. 11 rare plant species was found on this territory, four of them are included in «The Red Data Book of Ukraine» and other seven belong to regional conservation list of vascular plants species within Poltava administrative region. The largest number of rare species was found in pine and oak-pine forests on sand terrace of Vorskla river, only the one species was indicated in the floodplain of Vorskla river valley. No rare plant species was found in alder and poplar forests on this territory.