bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mutually consistent seismic-hazard source model for southern California
Authors: Field Edward H. , Jackson David D. , Dolan James F.
Published: August 2021

A previous attempt to integrate geological, geodetic, and observed seismicity data into a probabilistic-hazard source model predicted a rate of magnitude 6 to 7 earthquakes significantly greater than that observed historically. One explanation was that the discrepancy, or apparent earthquake deficit, is an artifact of the upper magnitude limit built into the model. This was controversial, however, because removing the discrepancy required earthquakes larger than are seen in the geological record and larger than implied from empirical relationships between fault dimension and magnitude. Although several articles have addressed this issue, an alternative, integrated source model without an apparent deficit has not yet appeared. We present a simple geologically based approach for constructing such a model that agrees well with the historical record and does not invoke any unsubstantiated phenomena. The following factors are found to be influential: the b-value and minimum magnitude applied to Gutenberg-Richter seismicity; the percentage of moment released in characteristic earthquakes; a round-off error in the moment-magnitude definition; bias due to historical catalog incompleteness; careful adherence to the conservation of seismic moment rate; uncertainty in magnitude estimates obtained from empirical regressions; allowing multi-segment ruptures (cascades); and the time dependence of recurrence rates. The previous apparent deficit is shown to have resulted from a combination of these factors. None alone caused the problem nor solves it. The model presented here is relatively robust with respect to these factors.
Discrimination information in phase amplitude thresholds with application to western China regional data
Authors: Anderson Dale N. , Taylor Steven R. , Anderson Kevin K.
Published: August 2021

This article develops a regional seismic discrimination method using information inherent in phase amplitudes that are unmeasurable due to small signal amplitudes and high noise levels. The method, quadratic negative evidence discrimination (QNED), is an enhancement to the teleseismic techniques proposed by Elvers (1974) and is extended to regional discrimination. The method presented in this article is developed for a single seismic station and makes use of the empirical evidence in the regional Pg versus Lg discriminant (see Pomeroy et al., 1983). We develop the equations necessary to compute the station-specific, missed-explosion, and false-alarm error rates. These error rates depend on the required minimum signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and can be adjusted, within limits, to desired levels. We also show that these equations are an accurate assessment of the errors in seismic discrimination. We propose that many of the current approaches to assessing seismic discrimination errors are often overly optimistic. For some applications, this disparity can be significant. For an application to Western China regional data [Pg versus Lg (1.5 to 3 Hz)], a widely used estimate of the missed-explosion error rate is 20%, leading to the perception that explosions can be identified with an accuracy rate of 80%. A proper accounting of the missed-explosion error rate, using QNED, shows that explosions can be identified with accuracy rate of only 73%.
Characterization of fractures in shallow granite from the modeling of the anisotropy and attenuation of seismic waves
Authors: Kelner Sylvie , Bouchon Michel , Coutant Olivier
Published: August 2021

We try to characterize the fracturing of the anisotropic shallow granite (<250 m) present at Garner Valley, southern California. The shear-wave splitting observed on a downhole seismic array installed there (Archuleta et al., 1992) is modeled by performing numerical simulations of propagation of P and SV waves in 2D fractured media. The calculations are performed using a boundary integral equation method, which takes into account multiple scattering and full crack diffraction. The value of the time delay measured at Garner Valley between the fast S wave and the slow S wave is well reproduced for different models of fractured media. In order to differentiate between these models, we also measure and calculate the attenuation of the transmitted S waves. From the comparison between the observations and the numerical simulations, we conclude and infer the following: (1) The presence of fractures in granite explains the seismic anisotropy and attenuation observed at Garner Valley. (2) The cracks and fractures are nearly vertical and are oriented in a north-south direction. (3) There is no characteristic crack length, but rather, the crack length distribution seems to be fractal. (4) The density of fractures present in the shallow granite at Garner Valley is about 10−4 representing the total volume of the fractures over the total volume of the fractured zone.
A Monte Carlo approach to seismic hazard analysis
Authors: Ebel John E. , Kafka Alan L.
Published: August 2021

We have developed a Monte Carlo methodology for the estimation of seismic hazard at a site or across an area. This method uses a multitudinous resampling of an earthquake catalog, perhaps supplemented by parametric models, to construct synthetic earthquake catalogs and then to find earthquake ground motions from which the hazard values are found. Large earthquakes extrapolated from a Gutenberg-Richter recurrence relation and characteristic earthquakes can be included in the analysis. For the ground motion attenuation with distance, the method can use either a set of observed ground motion observations from which estimates are randomly selected, a table of ground motion values as a function of epicentral distance and magnitude, or a parametric ground motion attenuation relation. The method has been tested for sites in New England using an earthquake catalog for the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, and it yields reasonable ground motions at standard seismic hazard values. This is true both when published ground motion attenuation relations and when a dataset of observed peak acceleration observations are used to compute the ground motion attenuation with distance. The hazard values depend to some extent on the duration of the synthetic catalog and the specific ground motion attenuation used, and the uncertainty in the ground motions increases with decreasing hazard probability. The program gives peak accelerations that are comparable to those of the 1996 U.S. national seismic hazard maps. The method can be adapted to compute seismic hazard for cases where there are temporal or spatial variations in earthquake occurrence rates or source parameters.
Attenuation and excitation of three-component ground motion in southern California
Authors: Raoof M. , Herrmann R. B. , Malagnini L.
Published: August 2021

Ground motion attenuation with distance and the variation of excitation with magnitude are parameterized using three-component, 0.25 to 5.0-Hz earthquake ground motions recorded in the distance range of 15-500 km for southern California to define a consistent model that describes both peak ground motion and Fourier spectra observations. The data set consists of 820 three-component TERRAscope recordings from 140 earthquakes, recorded at 17 stations, with moment magnitudes between 3.1 and 6.7. Regression analysis uses a simple model to relate the logarithm of measured ground motion to excitation, site, and propagation effects. The peak motions are Fourier velocity spectra and peak velocities in selected narrow bandpass-filtered frequency ranges. Regression results for Fourier amplitude spectra and peak velocities are used to define a piecewise continuous geometrical spreading function, frequency dependent Q(f), and a distance dependent duration that can be used with random vibration theory (RVT) or stochastic simulations to predict other characteristics of the ground motion.

The duration results indicate that both the variation of the duration data with distance and its scattering decrease with increasing frequency. The ratio of horizontal to vertical component site terms is about √2 for all frequencies. However, this ratio is near unity for rock sites and is larger for soil sites.

Simple modeling indicates that the Fourier velocity spectra are best fit by bilinear geometrical spreading of r−1 for r < 40 km and r−1/2 for r > 40 km. The frequency-dependent quality factor is Q(f) = 180f0.45 for each of the three components and also for the combined three-component data sets. The T5%-75% duration window provides good agreement between observed and RVT predicted peak values.
Seismic analysis of the 7 January 1998 Chemical plant explosion at Kean Canyon, Nevada
Authors: Ichinose Gene A. , Smith Kenneth D. , Anderson John G.
Published: August 2021

An accident at the Sierra Chemical Company Kean Canyon plant, 16 km east of Reno, Nevada, resulted in two explosions 3.52 sec apart that devastated the facility. An investigation into a possible cause for the accident required the determination of the chronological order of the explosions. We resolved the high-precision relative locations and chronology of the explosions using a cross-correlation method applied to both seismic and air waves. The difference in relative arrival times of air waves between the explosions indicated that the first explosion occurred at the northern site. We then determined two station centroid separations between explosions, which average about 73 m with uncertainties ranging from ± 17 to 41 m depending on the alignment of station pairs. We estimated a centroid separation of 80 m using P waves with a larger uncertainty of ± 340 m. We performed a grid search for an optimal separation and the azimuth by combining air-wave arrivals from three station pairs. The best solution for the relative location of the second explosion is 73.2 m S35°E from the first explosion. This estimate is well within the uncertainties of the survey by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). The CSB reported a separation of approximately 76.2 m S33°E. The spectral amplitudes of P waves are 3 to 4 times higher for the second explosion relative to the first explosion, but the air waves have similar spectral amplitudes. We suggest that this difference is due to the partitioning of energy between the ground and air caused by downward directivity at the southern explosion, and upward directivity at the northern explosion. This is consistent with the absence of a crater for the first explosion and a 1.8-m-deep crater for the second explosion.
Source parameter determination of local earthquakes in Korea using moment tensor inversion of single station data
Authors: Kim So Gu , Kraeva Nadeja
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this investigation is to determine source parameters such as focal mechanism, seismic moment, moment magnitude, and source depth from recent small earthquakes in the Korcan Peninsula using broadband records of three-component single station. It is very important and worthwhile to use a three-component single station in Korea because for most Korean earthquakes it is not possible to read enough first motions of P-wave arrivals because of the poor coverage of the seismic network and the small size (ML 5.0 or less) of the events. Furthermore the recent installation of the very broadband seismic stations in Korea and use of a 3D tomography technique can enhance moment tensor inversion to determine the source parameters of small earthquakes (ML 5.0 or less) that occur at near-regional distances (Δ ≤ 500 km).

The focal solution for the Youngwol earthquake of 13 December 1996 is found to be a right-lateral strike slip event with a NE strike, and the Kyongju earthquake of 25 June 1997 is found to be an oblique reverse fault with a slight component of left-lateral slip in the SE direction.
Worldwide doublets of large shallow earthquakes
Authors: Kagan Y. Y. , Jackson D. D.
Published: August 2021

We investigated all the pairs of Mw ≥ 7.5 shallow earthquakes in the Harvard catalog that occurred at a centroid distance of less than 100 km. We showed that most of these pairs have similar focal mechanisms. Because these earthquakes generally should have focal regions in excess of 100 km diameter, their rupture zones apparently intersect. For all these pairs, the time interval is significantly less than the time span needed for plate motion to accumulate the strain released by the first event. These observations conflict strongly with quasi-periodic recurrence models on which the seismic gap hypothesis is based. Power-law recurrence fits these earthquake observations much better.
An improvement on the estimation of pseudoresponse spectral velocity using RVT method
Authors: Liu L. , Pezeshk S.
Published: August 2021

The basic assumption in the prediction of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and pseudoresponse spectral values by the random vibration theory (RVT) method is that the ground motion process is a bandlimited Gaussian random process (BGRP). However, for the estimation of pseudoresponse spectral values, the process is the output of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system subjected to the input of a BGRP. The output process is a narrow-band random process because a SDOF system acts as a narrow-bandpass filter. The property of a narrow-band process is significantly different from that of a bandlimited process. There is an obvious difference in the estimations of the pseudoresponse spectral values based on bandlimited or narrow-band process, especially in the lower frequency part. In this study, we propose an empirical method to improve the estimation of the pseudoresponse spectral values by the RVT based on the consideration of properties of a narrow-band Gaussian stationary process. Comparisons of our results with those of previous research studies and the time domain simulation (TDS) shows that our empirical approach improves the estimation of pseudoresponse spectral values in the long period range.
Focal mechanism determination and identification of the fault plane of earthquakes using only one or two near-source seismic recordings
Authors: Delouis Bertrand , Legrand Denis
Published: August 2021

A waveform inversion scheme was developed in order to explore the resolving power of one or two seismic recordings at short epicentral distance for the determination of focal mechanisms and the identification of the fault plane of earthquakes. Two key features are used to constrain the fault parameters with a reduced number of stations: (1) a simple finite-dimension source model and (2) the modeling of the complete displacement field, including the near-field waves. The identification of the fault plane should be possible, even with a single station, as soon as the seismograms produced by the two nodal planes of a same focal mechanism are significantly different, which is the general case when waveforms are controlled by source finiteness. Seven parameters, including the strike, dip, rake, and dislocation, are explored with a grid search, and the minima of the misfit error between the observed and calculated seismograms are mapped. With such an approach, it is possible to conclude about the uniqueness or nonuniqueness of the solutions. The method is tested with three earthquakes of moderate to large size for which the fault plane is well established and for which strong-motion records are available at maximum distances of a few tens of kilometers. Test events are the 1994 Northridge (Mw = 6.7, California), the 1996 Copala (Mw = 7.3, Mexico), and the 1996 Pinotepa Nacional (Mw = 5.4, Mexico) earthquakes. In the case of inversions with two stations, we find a unique solution, or a group of similar solutions, with a good estimation of the focal mechanism and the proper selection of the fault plane. Our results also show that in some cases a single station may be enough to recover the fault parameters. The inversion scheme presented here may be systematically applied to future earthquakes, especially to those recorded by few stations. It should be particularly useful in the case of blind faults for which the fault plane may not be identified with the help of other data.
La Cognición Social en la Esclerosis Múltiple Temprana: Enfoque neuropsicológico y anatómico
Authors: Crivelli Lucia , Calandri Ismael-Luis , Helou Belén , Keller Greta , Fiol Marcela-Paula , Ysraelit María-Célica , Gaitan María-Inés , Correale Jorge
Published: August 2021

Cognitive impairment and deficits in social cognition (SC) are frequent in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present work is to study SC in patients with early MS and to analyze its neuroanatomical correlation. Thirty-four patients with relapsing remitting MS, with ≤ 2 years of disease progression and EDSS and ≤2, and 30 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and educational level were recruited. Subjects performed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment (Rao BRB). SC was assessed using the International Affective Picture System IAPS, The Eyes in the Mind Test, the Empathy Quotient, and the Faux Pas Test. The anatomical correlation of patients with deficits in social cognition was studied through brain MRI and voxel-based morphometric for which cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed using Freesurfer processing software. Patients showed significant deficits in executive functions, verbal memory and language tests. SC assessment showed that patients presented greater difficulties in the Faux Pas Test (p = 0.023), The Mind in the Eyes Test (p = 0.014), and presented a positive bias in the interpretation of neutral images of the IAPS (P = 0.023). Furthermore, patients with CS deficits presented less cortical thickness in areas of the right supramarginal gyrus, pars opercularis, and anterior cingulum.
Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Eğitim Teknolojisi Üzerine Yapılmış Çalışmaların Analizi
Authors: K GÜNGÖR Semra , DERTLİ Gamze
Published: August 2021

Bu araştırma Türkiye’de yükseköğretim kurumlarında 2010-2020 yılları arasında eğitim teknolojilerine yönelik yapılmış lisansüstü tez ve makaleleri tanımsal ve metodolojik olarak incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 249 lisansüstü tez ve 85 makale oluşturmaktadır. Verilere SPSS 24.0 programında frekans ve yüzde dağılımları hesaplanarak analizler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; Yükseköğretimde eğitim teknolojilerine yönelik yapılan lisansüstü çalışmalarda en çok tercih edilen çalışma konularının sırasıyla “öğrenen çıktıları”, “eğitimde teknoloji entegrasyonu” ve “eğitim teknolojileri karşı tutum” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalarda veri toplama yöntemi olarak en çok nicel yöntemin tercih edildiği ve verilerin çoğunlukla ölçeklerle toplandığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaların geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarına gereken önemin verilmediği ve genelde veri analizinde SPSS programının kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Disrupting the paradigm of oncology care in Canada: the triumphs, challenges and future implications of telemedicine
Authors: McLarty Ryan
Published: August 2021

Medicine has long been one of the lingering aspects of society yet to be fully disrupted by technological advances. Unlike media, banking and commerce which have adapted to the growing demand for convenience and accessibility from the public, the practice of medicine in many ways remains much unchanged from decades prior. The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) demanded an immediate shift in the way Canadian healthcare was delivered to reduce the risk of viral transmission from in person patient encounters. Cancer poses a large and ever-increasing impact on the Canadian population and healthcare resources. Brenner et al. (2020) estimated nearly half of the Canadian population will develop cancer in their lifetime in addition to the recent increasing yearly number of new diagnoses and deaths as the population grows and ages [1]. Cancer patients were initially an ideal population for telemedicine encounters during the pandemic. These patients often have additional comorbidities association with COVID-19 mortality and a diagnosis of cancer may further increase this risk [2]. As healthcare enters a second year within the new paradigm of virtual medicine, it is important to consider the impact and future of telemedicine on Canada’s ever-growing oncology patients.
Vaccine Hesitancy in the Current Landscape of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ranot Jacob
Published: August 2021

For a procedure so commonplace in a doctor’s office, so critical to the prevention of disease, and so marred by controversy, it seemed odd that in my third year of medical school, I had yet to perform a vaccination. For that reason, I was very excited for my first rotation in family medicine. One could even say I was a little overzealous to learn about vaccines. To my credit, as someone who studied healthcare economics, there is a lot to love about the social return on investment of vaccines. Two weeks into my rotation I came across my first case of vaccine hesitancy. They were parents who had immigrated to Canada and were skeptical of vaccines. They wanted to pick and choose which vaccines their child would receive. These people are called the ‘vaccine hesitant’ and, unlike the devout ‘vaccine deniers’, they are the crucial swing states in a political battle for the health of our country. [1]
Equitable Virtual Care in Canada: Addressing The Digital Divide
Authors: Crozier Mitchell
Published: August 2021

Online healthcare services are rapidly transforming the landscape of healthcare in Canada. Although the digitization of healthcare delivery has been occurring gradually over the past two decades, the COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed a “digital boom” in healthcare [1–4]. Now more than ever, healthcare practitioners and patients alike have transitioned from in-person appointments to virtual care via online platforms [3-5]. Virtual care, once an optional service, is becoming an essential one. A recent survey conducted by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) aiming to assess Canadians’ opinions about virtual care, reported that 19% of Canadians accessed routine healthcare via phone, telehealth, virtual service, or video conference with their physician(s) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 53% since the beginning of the pandemic [5]. Due to necessity, virtual care evidently went from being uncommon to the status quo during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Les couleurs de la médecine : Représentation inégale de la pigmentation de la peau dans les ressources en dermatologie
Authors: Elmi Yasmine
Published: August 2021

Les patients à la peau foncée peuvent présenter des variantes morphologiques et des maladies moins apparentes nécessitant une prise en charge et des thérapies uniques [1]. Cependant, les ressources pédagogiques actuelles en dermatologie ne permettent pas aux médecins d'acquérir la base de connaissances nécessaire pour diagnostiquer et traiter les maladies de la peau chez les patients ethniques. Cela constitue un obstacle important au traitement équitable des patients et à la formation des médecins. Des informations visuelles et textuelles plus cohérentes décrivant les maladies de la peau chez les personnes de couleur devraient être largement intégrées dans les ressources pédagogiques.
Le vaccin à ARNm, au-delà du COVID-19
Authors: Caya-Bissonnette Léa
Published: August 2021

La pandémie mondiale causée par la COVID-19 a occasionné beaucoup de turbulences dans la dernière année et, chose certaine, beaucoup d’énergie et de financement ont été attribués au développement de vaccins pour inoculer la population mondiale. Cet effort collectif en quête de vaccin avancera-t-elle par inadvertance la recherche sur le cancer?
A prospective study of demographic and socioeconomic factors responsible for non-acceptance of family planning methods at tertiary care teaching hospital, Gujarat, Indiaal, Gujarat, India
Authors: Joharwal Neelam , Kapadia Shital
Published: August 2021

Background: Population explosion has been major challenge for India since Independence. The adoption of contraceptive methods remains the best solution to this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the factors for non-acceptance of different contraceptive methods among married women of postnatal ward in tertiary care hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The aim of the study was to analyse about the level of awareness and attitude towards different methods of contraception among married women of reproductive age groups.Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, B. J. Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, a tertiary care teaching hospital from June 2019 to November 2020. 200 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included. Case sheets were analysed to obtain data regarding reasons for non-acceptance of contraceptive methods.Results: In our study, we found that among study population 64% women use family planning methods, which was still low as compared to developed countries. 36% women were non-users in study population. The main reason of non-acceptance of contraceptive method were desire for male child, non-allowance by religion/custom, the myth regarding price of contraceptive method, desire of more children and worry about side effects.Conclusions: To increase the use of contraceptive among women, we can increase awareness about different family planning method with counselling about various available contraceptives. It is also important to increase participation of husbands as they often influence the decision regarding reproductive health of women.
The study of co-relation of pap smear with colposcopy and histopathology in sexually active woman with unhealthy cervix
Authors: Dhama Vandana , Minz Tulika , Chaudhary Rachna , Singh Shakun
Published: August 2021

Background: Unhealthy cervix is a group of cervical lesions, mostly chronic. Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide in women after breast carcinoma cervical cancer is a preventable and curable malignancy if identified and managed early. Primary objective was to study pap smear, colposcopy and histopathology in unhealthy cervix in sexually active woman with secondary objective to screen woman who have abnormal unhealthy, foul smelling cervical discharge.Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology L.L.R.M. medical College and associated SVBP hospital, Meerut from June 2019 to May 2020 with sample size of 70. Participant who fit the inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking a written and informed consent. The colposcopy finding was correlated with histopath findings of cervical biopsy that was undertaken.Results: Co relation of pap smear with colposcopy had sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 92% with positive predictive value of 52%and negative predictive value of 97%, p value less than 0.0001. The pattern of distribution of histopathological assessment with respect to the pap smear findings was significant statistically (p<0.0001). The proportion of patients with NILM on pap smear was significantly higher in the VILI negative category compared to the VILI Positive category (94.12% vs 77.78%, p=0.0525). In the present study, prevalence of CIN of any grade was detected in 8 (11.4%) cases. With CIN 1 in 5 (7.14%) and CIN2 in 2 (2.86%) and CIN3 in 1 (1.43%) case were seen.Conclusions: Several screening modalities are available of which pap smear is most widely used. colposcopy has been proven very useful to identify and guide the biopsy of dysplastic lesion.
Efficacy of oral nifedipine as a tocolytic agent
Authors: Gowda Veena Bikkolli Teekappa , Kalidoss Madhubala
Published: August 2021

Background: Preterm birth is defined as birth at less than 37 weeks period of gestation, is the most important single determinant of adverse infant outcome in terms of both survival and quality of life. The need for tocolysis in terms of safety and efficacy is necessary to decrease perinatal mortality and morbidity in preterm labour. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nifedipine as a tocolytic for inhibiting uterine contraction in threatened preterm labour.Methods: It was a prospective, nonblinded, single centred, randomized control trial. This study included 100 cases of preterm labour admitted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, KIMSH, Bangalore, who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were administered with nifedipine tocolysis.Results: 100 cases of preterm were evaluated for the prolongation of pregnancy for more than 48 hours. Prolongation of pregnancy till term was observed in 88% of the cases administered with nifedipine tocolysis. The mean gestational age in each group was 32.58±1.95 weeks. Nifedipine had very few side effects, namely tachycardia and headache and no changes in fetal heart rate.Conclusions: In this study oral nifedipine was found to be efficacious in prolongation of pregnancy for more than 48 hours with the ease of oral administration and with minimal dose tocolytic effect was achieved. It had minimal maternal and neonatal side effects and eliminate the need for intensive maternal monitoring.
Perception and practice of early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among postnatal mothers in East Sikkim
Authors: Tirkey Nisha Rakhi , Devi Barkha , Sherpa Sonam Zangmu
Published: August 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is the most desirable method for achieving a normal growth and development of the child. Breastfeeding practice is multifactorial, and number of variables influence mothers’ decisions and ability to breastfeed. This study aimed to assess the perception and practice regarding early initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with breastfeeding among hospitalized postnatal mothers in East Sikkim.Methods: The descriptive study was carried out among 80 postnatal mothers who delivered term healthy babies either through normal vaginal delivery (n=34) or lower segment caesarean section (n=38), selected through purposive sampling technique and were interviewed within six hours of postpartum. Data were collected over a period of one month through an interview schedule to get information on feeding practice, perception and the factors responsible for delayed breastfeeding. Data analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16. Chi square test was used to examine the factors associated with perception and practice of early initiation of breastfeeding (within one hour of birth).Results: The result shows that early initiation of breast feeding within one hour of birth was done by 36% of mothers after the delivery and few adopted prelacteal feeding (19%) where as 86% had positive perception towards it. The factors that mostly influenced early initiation of breastfeeding were planned pregnancy (100%) and support from family members during pregnancy and delivery (100%). There was a statistically significant association between mother’s educational status and information regarding early initiation of breastfeeding and influencing factors like breastfeeding education during antenatal period and guidance from the health professional (p<0.05).Conclusions: Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour was found extremely low which is an alarming. The findings also suggest the need of breastfeeding promotion programs among the mothers who are less educated. Such breastfeeding promotion programmes could be implemented through network of community-based workers.
Effects of amnioinfusion in meconium-stained amniotic fluid complicating pregnancy
Authors: Emil Josephine J. Princy , Shanthi M.
Published: August 2021

Background: In our country a major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity is MAS (MAS) in new-born. The aim of the study was to assess feto-maternal outcome following intrapartum amnioinfusion in patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid and Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission following intrapartum amnioinfusion in patients with meconium stained amniotic fluid.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 200 patients with pregnancy at or beyond 37 weeks in active labour with moderate to thick meconium stained liqour following spontaneous rupture or Artificial rupture of membranes (ARM). In 100 patients amnioin fusion was performed and rest 100 were in control group. Continuous electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring was performed. Emergency lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was done when fetal bradycardia was recorded or in case of non-progress of labor. Fetomaternal outcome will be noted.Results: In present study there were more cases of fetal distress in the control group (38) compared with the amnioinfusion group (24). 34 patients in the amnioinfusion group and 38 patients in the control group were delivered by LSCS. The incidence of MAS in amnioinfusion group was 3 in number where as 14 in number of control group. Similarly, in our study 13 neonates of amnioinfusion group and 31 neonates of control group were needed admission in NICU.Conclusions: Intrapartum amnioinfusion in meconium-stained amniotic fluid by diluting the meconium and by decreasing the cord compression decreases the incidence of foetal distress and there by decreases incidence of MAS in neonates and NICU admission, these all leads to decrease the incidence of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Role of transdermal testosterone gel pre-treatment on IVF outcome: a prospective randomized controlled trial with active control
Authors: Singh Neeta , Parimalam Padmashri , Kumar Sunesh , Vanamail Perumal
Published: August 2021

Background: Dealing with poor ovarian responders is the newest challenge for the present-day reproductive physicians. Androgens are said to increase pregnancy outcomes due to enhanced oocyte retrieval in poor responders. The aim of the study was to measure the effect of transdermal testosterone gel in women with unexplained poor ovarian response.Methods: It was a prospective randomized controlled trial with active control conducted at ART centre, department of obstetrics and gynaecology, AIIMS, New Delhi from August 2017-August 2018. Seventy women with previously failed IVF/ICSI who had ≤5 oocyte retrieval in previous cycle having normal ovarian reserve with normal or low testosterone levels were randomized. Study arm (N=35) received testosterone gel pre-treatment whereas the control arm (N=35) received standard treatment. GnRH antagonist stimulation protocol was followed. The number of oocytes retrieved and pregnancy outcomes were studied.Results: Of the 70 women in the study, the number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher (6.5±5.8 vs 3.1±2.1; p=0.002), cycle cancellation rate was lower (8.6% vs 22.9%; p=0.094), implantation rate (8.2% vs 2.6%; p=0.228), clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, live birth rates (14.7% vs 2.9%; p=0.092) and take home baby rates (17.6% vs 2.9%; p=0.049) were higher in testosterone group compared to controls. One woman in testosterone group developed mild OHSS.Conclusions: The study shows that transdermal testosterone gel is found to improve oocyte retrieval significantly in unexpected poor responders, although there was not a significant improvement in pregnancy outcomes. Hence further studies are of utmost importance to establish the effectiveness of the gel.
Using different surgical techniques and ideas to reduce post-operative adhesion formation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rani Rekha , Singh Shikha , . Urvashi , Garg Ruchika
Published: August 2021

Adhesion development is the most common sequelae of intra-abdominal and pelvic surgery. Using a good surgical technique is advocated as a first step in preventing adhesions. However, the evidence for different surgical techniques to reduce adhesion formation needs confirmation. This review contributed to the growing knowledge pool by elucidating factors that potentially predispose to the development of adhesions. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for all relevant English language articles and were reviewed with particular attention to predisposing factors to post-operative adhesion development. In addition, the reference lists of each article were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Various factors have been shown to directly increase the risk of post-operative adhesion development; namely, certain genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, increased estrogen exposure, and endometriosis. There were 28 papers with 27 studies included for a systematic review. Of these, 17 studies were eligible for meta-analysis and 11 for qualitative assessment only. None of the techniques that were compared significantly reduced the incidence of adhesive small bowel obstruction. In a small low-quality trial, the pregnancy rate increased after subserous fixation of suture knots. However, the incidence of adhesions was lower after laparoscopic compared with open surgery (relative risk (RR): 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03-0.61) and when the peritoneum was not closed (RR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.63). None of the specific techniques that were compared reduced the two main adhesion-related clinical outcomes, small bowel obstruction and infertility.
Paraganglioma of the left common iliac artery: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kumari Garima
Published: August 2021

Paraganglioma is a neoplasm derived from the neural crest of the neuroendocrine system. Head and neck account for its more frequent localizations. Parasymphatic paraganglioma have been encountered at cauda equina and iliac vessels. A 37–year old female patient with abdominal pain diagnosed as adnexal mass was surgically operated on at the SMS medical college and research group in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. During surgery, a retroperitoneal mass was found located lateral to the common left iliac artery. It was completely resected. Microscopic study established characteristics of paraganglionoma. Patient outcome was good. Scanning for other tumour site was negative.
Ohvira syndrome with left radial hemimelia: a rare association
Authors: T. Jayanthy , Rao Rachana B.
Published: August 2021

Ohvira syndrome is rare complex anomaly consisting of uterus didelphys, unilateral ipsilateral obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. It typically presents with dysmenorrhea or pelvic pain shortly after menarche due to collection of secretions in the uterus. Reporting a case of 32 years unmarried nulligravida lady with complaints of pain abdomen since 20 days with history of similar complaints 15 years bac. Patient was on Inj. DMPA 2 years back. On examination upper limb skeletal deformity-left radial hemimelia present with a mass of 14-16 weeks gravid uterus on per abdomen examination. USG (February 2020), was suggestive of uterus didelphys bicollis with collection of 108 cc noted in the right uterine cavity with right kidney agenesis with obscured right ovary. Total abdominal hysterectomy with left salphingo-oopherectomy was done. Specimen features were suggestive of uterus didelphys bicornis bicollis with right uterus hematometra with right cervix blind with right sided blind vagina with features suggestive of Ohvira syndrome.
A case report of sirenomelia with two umbilical arteries: an unusual finding in a rare case
Authors: Trivedi Swati , Nagar Oby , Soni J. P. , Trivedi Shashank , Rastogi Prasoon
Published: August 2021

Sirenomelia also known as Mermaid syndrome is a rarely encountered fusion anomaly of the caudal region of body often associated with Potter’s facies, single umbilical artery and various visceral abnormalities which make it irreconcilable with life. Here we report a case of sirenomelia delivered in our tertiary care hospital by lower segment cesarean section to a 24 year old third gravida with no previous live issues. No high risk factors could be identified with the mother including diabetes mellitus. Baby was born alive with Potter’s facies. Both the lower limbs were merging into each other like a mermaid’s tail (hence called mermaid syndrome). Sex of the baby could not be identified and the urogenital and anal orifices were absent. Umbilical cord stump had two umbilical arteries. The baby died after 20 hours of life. There appears to be no definitive modality for diagnosing sirenomelia in the antenatal period. However, if a patient has consistently low AFI without any history of leaking per vaginum, high resolution USG or colour Doppler should be done at the earliest to look for the cause.
COVID-19 and Behavioral Economics: Certain Aspects of the Causes of Irrational Behaviour During a Pandemic
Authors: Synytsya Maksym
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to reveal the main reasons for the irrational behaviour of economic agents during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in terms of behavioural economics and opportunities for change such a behaviour.The article reveals the approaches that were used in 2020 and continue to be used today as the main ones to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Despite the existence of such prescriptions, the infection continues to spread and causes negative socio-economic consequences.Thus, the main reasons, the resistance of citizens to the measures recommended by governments around the world and the manifestation of deviant behaviour among the seemingly “rational” economic agents were analyzed.The main reasons and possible factors for changing such a behaviour are the postulates of behavioural economics, such as the effect of reinforcement effect, conservative bias, confirmation bias, conditional cooperation, the preference of beliefs consonance.In addition, this paper provides a brief overview of some post-material values of Ukrainian society based on global research and offers an assessment of the dependence of these values on the incidence of COVID-19 and an explanation in terms of behavioural economics.The article notes that the presence of certain established views on the “normality” of preventive antivirus measures may affect the propensity or the lack of propensity to adhere to the necessary protective behaviour by economic agents.The research methods are descriptive, analytical, methods of synthesis and comparison. As a result of the analysis, the article proposes a comprehensive approach to men’s behaviour during the pandemic according to behavioural economics.The study concludes that the main task to improve the effectiveness of preventive measures for the spread of COVID-19 today is to understand the causes of irrational behaviour in new circumstances in terms of behavioural economics and apply the theory of “pushing” or “nudging” to form positive social economic change. It is suggested to use this paper for further and deeper practical research of certain aspects of changing people`s behaviour for better work effectiveness and wellbeing.
JEL classіfіcatіon: D03, A13
¿Para qué un medio escolar?
Authors: Tamayo Palacio Clara
Published: August 2021

Quiero comenzar la reseña de esta publicación con una pregunta que he hecho durante mi vida profesional a jóvenes, maestros y bibliotecarios de una veintena de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, oficiales y no oficiales, desde mi rol como coordinadora del Programa Prensa Escuela de El Colombiano: ¿para qué quieren un medio escolar? Nunca la he formulado como pregunta de investigación porque no tengo experiencia como investigadora, y por eso mucho de lo que voy a comentar aquí será desde las experiencias que he vivido en Prensa Escuela en dos componentes, ambos con un eje fundamental y transversal: la formación ciudadana.
FONTES DOCUMENTAIS DA HISTÓRIA NEGRA EM TAQUARI, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Pires Karen Daniela , Galarce Machado Neli Teresinha
Published: August 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos o contexto histórico de surgimento da Paróquia de São José de Taquari, no século XVIII, a criação do município de Taquari no século XIX e a descrição das fontes documentais disponíveis para a análise do sistema de escravidão em Taquari, município localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O escravismo e a história dos escravizados na região em foco foi, por muito tempo negligenciado ou pouco historicizado à luz da complexidade da temática. Conforme os atuais estudos, a presença de indivíduos em situação de escravização em Taquari foi bastante significativa. Como resultado principal da pesquisa foi realizado a descrição dos acervos e conjuntos documentais para suporte da historicização e contextualização do período em questão e para isso a perspectiva da micro-história foi fundamental para compreendermos a formação social gaúcha e brasileira.
O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO NA GESTÃO DA SEGURANÇA URBANA: OLHARES SOBRE O SISTEMA DE MONITORAMENTO POR IMAGENS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAPÃO DA CANOA – RS
Authors: De Oliveira Josi Rosa , Borges Juarez Camargo
Published: August 2021

Este estudo de natureza qualitativa e bibliográfica, objetivou investigar como a tecnologia da informação pode contribuir para a gestão da segurança urbana, identificando a eficiência do seu uso e apresentando algumas de suas contribuições. Para tanto, utilizou-se como objeto de estudo o Gabinete de Gestão Integrada do Município de Capão da Canoa/RS. Os resultados apontaram benefícios à gestão municipal em termos de segurança pública, mas que precisam avançar em outros aspectos relacionados não somente ao controle da violência. Sugere-se a criação de indicadores mais abrangentes para avaliar a eficiência e a ampliação do projeto.
A DELIMITAÇÃO POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVA DOS BAIRROS DO MUNICÍPIO DE URUSSANGA, SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL
Authors: Ladwig Nilzo Ivo , Sorato Augusto , De Conto Danrlei , Cittadin Ana Paula
Published: August 2021

A delimitação político-administrativa do território gera benefícios diretos e indiretos tanto para a população, como também para os administradores públicos, orientando ações de planejamento e gestão territorial, bem como políticas públicas. Com o intuito de ajudar o poder público municipal, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma delimitação político-administrativa de todos os bairros do município de Urussanga localizado na região sul do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para alcançar o objetivo utilizou-se de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica para desenvolver a proposta do mapa de divisão político-administrativa. Esta delimitação foi baseada em conceitos, percepção dos moradores, aspectos físicos e naturais como limites entre bairros. Durante a construção da proposta de divisão territorial para os limites dos bairros do município percebeu-se que havia uma certa inconsistência na demarcação existente, atrelada a vínculos ligados à formação histórica territorial do município, podendo assim, acarretar em um planejamento equivocado por parte dos gestores municipais. O mapeamento resultou na amarração cartográfica de cinquenta e um (51) bairros. A validação desta proposta do mapa político-administrativo por meio de legislação municipal será um avanço na elaboração do plano municipal de desenvolvimento de bairros.
Uso de la imagen. Filosofía y religión en la publicidad
Authors: Sojo Jairo , Arango Carlos
Published: August 2021

En el análisis del uso de imágenes de la religión católica en la publicidad, han emergido nuevas perspectivas que sitúan este tipo de recurso creativo en el concepto del endorsement. Esa nueva perspectiva advierte la presencia de una construcción de religiosidad, rituales, misticismo y devoción al punto de que las propias cualidades intangibles de los productos y servicios empiezan a construir lazos con los consumidores y la religión se incrusta dentro de su espacio de consumo. De esa forma se entendió que la publicidad ejerce un papel crucial en la elaboración y reproducción de la cultura. Deben reconocerse, por ello, sus estrategias persuasivas para la divulgación y promoción de marcas donde usa imágenes religiosas, ya que debe tener un alcance diferente en el entendimiento colectivo al usar la religiosidad en modelos tradicionales de comunicación publicitaria.