bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone grafts and their substitutes
Authors: Fillingham Y. , Jacobs J.
Published: January 2016

The continual cycle of bone formation and resorption is carried out by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts under the direction of the bone-signaling pathway. In certain situations the host cycle of bone repair is insufficient and requires the assistance of bone grafts and their substitutes. The fundamental properties of a bone graft are osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis, and structural support. Options for bone grafting include autogenous and allograft bone and the various isolated or combined substitutes of calcium sulphate, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and coralline hydroxyapatite. Not all bone grafts will have the same properties. As a result, understanding the requirements of the clinical situation and specific properties of the various types of bone grafts is necessary to identify the ideal graft. We present a review of the bone repair process and properties of bone grafts and their substitutes to help guide the clinician in the decision making process.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):6–9.
Morphometric analysis of the distal femur in total knee arthroplasty and native knees
Authors: Bonnin M. P. , Saffarini M. , Bossard N. , Dantony E. , Victor J.
Published: January 2016

Aims

Analysis of the morphology of the distal femur, and by extension of the femoral components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), has largely been related to the aspect ratio, which represents the width of the femur. Little is known about variations in trapezoidicity (i.e. whether the femur is more rectangular or more trapezoidal). This study aimed to quantify additional morphological characteristics of the distal femur and identify anatomical features associated with higher risks of over- or under-sizing of components in TKA.

Methods

We analysed the shape of 114 arthritic knees at the time of primary TKA using the pre-operative CT scans. The aspect ratio and trapezoidicity ratio were quantified, and the post-operative prosthetic overhang was calculated. We compared the morphological characteristics with those of 12 TKA models.

Results

There was significant variation in both the aspect ratio and trapezoidicity ratio between individuals. Femoral trapezoidicity was mostly due to an inward curve of the medial cortex. Overhang was correlated with the aspect ratio (with a greater chance of overhang in narrow femurs), trapezoidicity ratio (with a greater chance in trapezoidal femurs), and the tibio-femoral angle (with a greater chance in valgus knees).

Discussion

This study shows that rectangular/trapezoidal variability of the distal femur cannot be ignored. Most of the femoral components which were tested appeared to be excessively rectangular when compared with the bony contours of the distal femur. These findings suggest that the design of TKA should be more concerned with matching the trapezoidal/rectangular shape of the native femur. Take home message: The distal femur is considerably more trapezoidal than most femoral components, and therefore, care must be taken to avoid anterior prosthetic overhang in TKA Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:49–57.
Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement following slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Basheer S. Z. , Cooper A. P. , Maheshwari R. , Balakumar B. , Madan S.
Published: January 2016

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) may lead to symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We report our experience of arthroscopic treatment, including osteochondroplasty, for the sequelae of SCFE.

Data were prospectively collected on patients undergoing arthroscopy of the hip for the sequelae of SCFE between March 2007 and February 2013, including demographic data, radiological assessment of the deformity and other factors that may influence outcome, such as the presence of established avascular necrosis. Patients completed the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and the non-arthritic hip score (NAHS) before and after surgery.

In total, 18 patients with a mean age of 19 years (13 to 42), were included in the study. All patients presented with pain in the hip and mechanical symptoms, and had evidence of FAI (cam or mixed impingement) on plain radiographs.

The patients underwent arthroscopic osteoplasty of the femoral neck. The mean follow-up was 29 months (23 to 56).

The mean mHHS and NAHS scores improved from 56.2 (27.5 to 100.1) and 52.1 (12.5 to 97.5) pre-operatively to 75.1 (33.8 to 96.8, p = 0.01) and 73.6 (18.8 to 100, p = 0.02) at final follow-up, respectively. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between poorer outcome scores and increased time to surgery following SCFE (p < 0.05 for all parameters except baseline MHHS).

Symptomatic FAI following (SCFE) may be addressed using arthroscopic techniques, and should be treated promptly to minimise progressive functional impairment and chondrolabral degeneration.

Take home message: Arthroscopy of the hip can be used to treat femoroacetabular impingement successfully following SCFE. However, this should be performed promptly after presentation in order to prevent irreversible progression and poorer clinical outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:21–7.
The jumbo acetabular component for acetabular revision
Authors: Lachiewicz P. F. , Watters T. S.
Published: January 2016

The ‘jumbo’ acetabular component is now commonly used in acetabular revision surgery where there is extensive bone loss. It offers high surface contact, permits weight bearing over a large area of the pelvis, the need for bone grafting is reduced and it is usually possible to restore centre of rotation of the hip. Disadvantages of its use include a technique in which bone structure may not be restored, a risk of excessive posterior bone loss during reaming, an obligation to employ screw fixation, limited bone ingrowth with late failure and high hip centre, leading to increased risk of dislocation. Contraindications include unaddressed pelvic dissociation, inability to implant the component with a rim fit, and an inability to achieve screw fixation. Use in acetabulae with < 50% bone stock has also been questioned. Published results have been encouraging in the first decade, with late failures predominantly because of polyethylene wear and aseptic loosening. Dislocation is the most common complication of jumbo acetabular revisions, with an incidence of approximately 10%, and often mandates revision. Based on published results, a hemispherical component with an enhanced porous coating, highly cross-linked polyethylene, and a large femoral head appears to represent the optimum tribology for jumbo acetabular revisions.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):64–7.
The dual mobility cup
Authors: Ko L. Matsen , Hozack W. J.
Published: January 2016

Dual mobility cups have two points of articulation, one between the shell and the polyethylene (external bearing) and one between the polyethylene and the femoral head (internal bearing). Movement occurs at the inner bearing; the outer bearing only moves at extremes of movement.

Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a cause of much morbidity and its treatment has significant cost implications. Dual mobility cups provide an increased range of movement and a may reduce the risk of dislocation.

This paper reviews the use of these cups in THA, particularly where stability is an issue. Dual mobility cups may be of benefit in primary THA in patients at a high risk of dislocation, such as those who are older with increased comorbidities and a higher American Association of Anesthesiology grade and those with a neuromuscular disease. They may be used at revision surgery where the risk of dislocation is high, such as in patients with many prior dislocations, or those with abductor deficiency. They may also be used in THA for displaced fractures of the femoral neck, which has a notoriously high rate of dislocation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):60–3.
The management of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Sculco P. K. , Abdel M. P. , Hanssen A. D. , Lewallen D. G.
Published: January 2016

The treatment of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty has evolved over the past decade. While the management of small to moderate sized defects has demonstrated good results with a variety of traditional techniques (cement and screws, small metal augments, impaction bone grafting or modular stems), the treatment of severe defects continues to be problematic. The use of a structural allograft has declined in recent years due to an increased failure rate with long-term follow-up and with the introduction of highly porous metal augments that emphasise biological metaphyseal fixation. Recently published mid-term results on the use of tantalum cones in patients with severe bone loss has reaffirmed the success of this treatment strategy.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):120–4.
Instability in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Petrie J. R. , Haidukewych G. J.
Published: January 2016

Instability is a common indication for early revision after both primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), accounting for up to 20% in the literature. The number of TKAs performed annually continues to climb exponentially, thus having an effective algorithm for treatment is essential. This relies on a thorough pre- and intra-operative assessment of the patient. The underlying cause of the instability must be identified initially and subsequently, the surgeon must be able to balance the flexion and extension gaps and be comfortable using a variety of constrained implants.

This review describes the assessment of the unstable TKA, and the authors’ preferred form of treatment for these difficult cases where the source of instability is often multifactorial.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):116–19.
Neutral mechanical alignment
Authors: Allen M. M. , Pagnano M. W.
Published: January 2016

The cause of dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains elusive. Much attention has been focused on static mechanical alignment as a basis for surgical success and optimising outcomes. More recently, research on both normal and osteoarthritic knees, as well as kinematically aligned TKAs, has suggested that other specific and dynamic factors may be more important than a generic target of 0 ± 3º of a neutral axis. Consideration of these other variables is necessary to understand ideal targets and move beyond generic results.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):81–3.
Are all metal-on-metal hip revision operations contributing to the National Joint Registry implant survival curves?
Authors: Sabah S. A. , Henckel J. , Koutsouris S. , Rajani R. , Hothi H. , Skinner J. A. , Hart A. J.
Published: January 2016

Aims

The National Joint Registry for England, Wales and Northern Ireland (NJR) has extended its scope to report on hospital, surgeon and implant performance. Data linkage of the NJR to the London Implant Retrieval Centre (LIRC) has previously evaluated data quality for hip primary procedures, but did not assess revision records.

Methods

We analysed metal-on-metal hip revision procedures performed between 2003 and 2013. A total of 69 929 revision procedures from the NJR and 929 revised pairs of components from the LIRC were included.

Results

We were able to link 716 (77.1%) revision procedures on the NJR to the LIRC. This meant that 213 (22.9%) revision procedures at the LIRC could not be identified on the NJR. We found that 349 (37.6%) explants at the LIRC completed the full linkage process to both NJR primary and revision databases. Data completion was excellent (> 99.9%) for revision procedures reported to the NJR.

Discussion

This study has shown that only approximately one third of retrieved components at the LIRC, contributed to survival curves on the NJR. We recommend prospective registry-retrieval linkage as a tool to feedback missing and erroneous data to the NJR and improve data quality. Take home message: Prospective Registry – retrieval linkage is a simple tool to evaluate and improve data quality on the NJR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:33–9.
Modular tapered titanium stems in revision arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: Konan S. , Garbuz D. S. , Masri B. A. , Duncan C. P.
Published: January 2016

Tapered fluted titanium stems are increasingly used for femoral revision arthroplasty. They are available in modular and non-modular forms. Modularity has advantages when the bone loss is severe, the proximal femur is mis shapen or the surgeon is unfamiliar with the implant, but it introduces the risk of fracture of the stem at the junction between it and the proximal body segment. For that reason, and while awaiting intermediate-term results of more recently introduced designs of this junction, non-modularity has attracted attention, at least for straightforward revision cases.

We review the risks and causes of fracture of tapered titanium modular revision stems and present an argument in favour of the more selective use of modular designs.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):50–3.
Systemic cobalt toxicity from total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Zywiel M. G. , Cherian J. J. , Banerjee S. , Cheung A. C. , Wong F. , Butany J. , Gilbert C. , Overgaard C. , Syed K. , Jacobs J. J. , Mont M. A.
Published: January 2016

As adverse events related to metal on metal hip arthroplasty have been better understood, there has been increased interest in toxicity related to the high circulating levels of cobalt ions. However, distinguishing true toxicity from benign elevations in cobalt levels can be challenging. The purpose of this review is to examine the use of cobalt alloys in total hip arthroplasty, to review the methods of measuring circulating cobalt levels, to define a level of cobalt which is considered pathological and to review the pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment of cobalt toxicity. To the best of our knowledge, there are 18 published cases where cobalt metal ion toxicity has been attributed to the use of cobalt-chromium alloys in hip arthroplasty. Of these cases, the great majority reported systemic toxic reactions at serum cobalt levels more than 100 μg/L. This review highlights some of the clinical features of cobalt toxicity, with the goal that early awareness may decrease the risk factors for the development of cobalt toxicity and/or reduce its severity.

Take home message: Severe adverse events can arise from the release of cobalt from metal-on-metal arthroplasties, and as such, orthopaedic surgeons should not only be aware of the presenting problems, but also have the knowledge to treat appropriately.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:14–20.
Which imaging modality is most effective for identifying pseudotumours in metal-on-metal hip resurfacings requiring revision
Authors: Matharu G. S. , Mansour R. , Dada O. , Ostlere S. , Pandit H. G. , Murray D. W.
Published: January 2016

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare the diagnostic test characteristics of ultrasound alone, metal artefact reduction sequence MRI (MARS-MRI) alone, and ultrasound combined with MARS-MRI for identifying intra-operative pseudotumours in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoMHR) patients undergoing revision surgery.

Methods

This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study involved 39 patients (40 MoMHRs). The time between imaging modalities was a mean of 14.6 days (0 to 90), with imaging performed at a mean of 5.3 months (0.06 to 12) before revision. The prevalence of intra-operative pseudotumours was 82.5% (n = 33).

Results

Agreement with the intra-operative findings was 82.5% (n = 33) for ultrasound alone, 87.5% (n = 35) for MARS-MRI alone, and 92.5% (n = 37) for ultrasound and MARS-MRI combined. The diagnostic characteristics for ultrasound alone and MARS-MRI alone reached similar sensitivities (90.9% vs 93.9%) and positive predictive values (PPVs; 88.2% vs 91.2%), but higher specificities (57.1% vs 42.9%) and negative predictive values (NPVs; 66.7% vs 50.0%) were achieved with MARS-MRI. Ultrasound and MARS-MRI combined produced 100% sensitivity and 100% NPV, whilst maintaining both specificity (57.1%) and PPV (91.7%). For the identification of a pseudotumour, which was confirmed at revision surgery, agreement was substantial for ultrasound and MARS-MRI combined (κ = 0.69), moderate for MARS-MRI alone (κ = 0.54), and fair for ultrasound alone (κ = 0.36).

Discussion

These findings suggest that ultrasound and/or MARS-MRI have a role when assessing patients with a MoMHR, with the choice dependent on local financial constraints and the availability of ultrasound expertise. However in patients with a MoMHR who require revision, combined imaging was most effective. Take home message: Combined imaging with ultrasound and MARS-MRI always identified intra-operative pseudotumours if present. Furthermore, if neither imaging modality showed a pseudotumour, one was not found intra-operatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:40–8.
Half a Century of Physiology in the Medical Faculty of Novi Sad
Authors: Slavić Danijel , Lažetić Bogosav , Lukač Damir
Published: January 2016

The department of Physiology began its work in October 1961 with the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine. In the first years of its existence, the deparment encountered numerous functioning and organisational difficulties due to the limited space available on location at the time, as is often the case for newly set scientific and educational institutions.
However, thanks to the efforts of competent state institutions, scientific research could eventually focus on three main issues:
a) Homeostasis in the body,
b) Cardio-respiratory functional systems and their adaptation to different models of weight loads (in order to investigate the influence of dosed loads on histophysiological characteristics of muscles, especially on the state of mitochondrial apparatus, researches were conducted on laboratory animals),
c) The neurophysiological laboratory especially focused on changes of spontaneous bioelectric activity of different brain structures in terms of the formation of functional systems of behavior. The microelectrode technique of registration of activity of individual neurons that are part of different brain structures was used for the first time. This allowed to investigate the characteristics of individual neurons of the sea slug Aplysia depilans. In the Department of Physiology, researchers' attention was drawn to an orientation-questioning reaction, as a fundamental biological reaction. In addition to the vegetative and electroencephalographic parameters of the mentioned reaction, a special interest was allocated to the neural and neurochemical characteristics of certain brain structures during that reaction. To this end, microelectrode and microiontophoretic examinations of activity of single neurons in various structures of the brain were conducted on laboratory animals.
In the middle of the 20th Century, the impact of artificial electromagnetic fields on biological systems was considered as a serious setback. This resulted in the conduction of extensive researches on the effects of these fields on biological systems.
Reduced Order Models for Distributed Adaptive Monitoring of Atmospheric Dispersion Processes
Authors: Ritter Tobias , Ulbrich Stefan , von Stryk Oskar
Published: January 2016

Atmospheric dispersion of hazardous materials due to chemical leaks can highly affect human health and well-being. For this reason, online state and parameter estimation of these processes is an important step for disaster response to enable the assessment of future impacts. The estimation procedure relies on a combination of the forecasts of a process PDE-model and on measurements obtained by multiple mobile sensor platforms, which are adaptively guided to locations where additional measurements are most useful. The latter challenge can be solved by a cooperative vehicle controller maximizing the quality of the estimates based on the current error covariance matrix.
The described approach can be made more flexible and less prone to error if the required calculations (model forecast, estimation procedure, vehicle control) are performed locally on-board of the sensor vehicles instead of using a central supercomputer. While the on-board computing power is limited and results have to be obtained in real-time, complex PDE-models are required to describe the dynamics and to compute accurate forecasts. This highly motivates the use of model order reduction in this context and demonstrates at the same time that the described problem scenario is a paradigmatic application area for reduced order models.
A reduced dual state parameter estimation approach is developed for the advection-diffusion equation. The initial condition as well as possible source functions, shapes and locations are unknown. However, it is assumed that the initial condition can be approximated by several radial basis functions with height parameter to be determined. Furthermore, source effects can be represented by the convolution of the same radial basis functions with their height. In the offline phase, multiple simulations with the different radial basis function as initial conditions are performed and snapshots are taken. With the aid of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, the reduced order model is constructed out of the snapshot matrix and reduced model forecasts are performed locally to repeatedly estimate process state and parameters of the radial basis functions with the Kalman Filter. As a first step, a basic two-dimensional test-case, in which the true state is simulated along with the estimation, is set up and promising results are obtained.
Model Order Reduction via a Balanced Truncation-Interpolation Approach for Gas Networks
Authors: Lu Yi
Published: January 2016

Simulation of large instationary gas networks governed by temperature-(T-)parametric nonlinear
PDAEs is computationally expensive and extremely time-demanding. To reduce the computational
effort and enable optimization and control, we present a parametric surrogate modeling technique
composed of linearization, model order reduction (MOR) via balanced truncation (BT) and matrix
interpolation strategy based on the energy modal assurance tracking (EMAT-MIS).
Decoration and Durability: Ornaments and their ‘appropriateness’ from fashion and design to architecture
Authors: Riisberg Vibeke , Munch Anders
Published: January 2016

Throughout the scales of design there has been an exploding interest in the ornament that seems to be fuelled by different kinds of digital technology and media from CAD to digital printing in both 2D and 3D. In architecture and industrial design it is discussed as a Return of ornament, because the aesthetics of Modernism banned ornamentation as ‘inappropriate’ to materiality, construction and function. In this article we wish to renegotiate this highly normative notion of appropriateness with special regard to sustainable design, where the ‘right’ kind of ornaments can mediate attention to more aesthetic and cultural dimensions and open for stronger individual attachments to consumer goods that might prolong their lifespan. Adolf Loos, who lead the fight against ornament in early 20th century, based his critique on an assumption of relation between ornamentation and durability that makes ornaments appropriate or not. This leads us to suggest an array of parameters that points out different situations and meanings of ornamentation: Product categories, Durability of materials, Styles, Aesthetic experience, Emotional attachment and Historical references. We discuss these parameters in cases from fashion and tableware to architecture and links ornamentation to the aesthetics of durability.
Articulating Learning Objectives for an Undergraduate Teaching Assistant Program: Merging Teaching Practicum, Leadership Seminar, and Service Learning
Authors: Murray Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2016

Since its inception in 2009, the Undergraduate Teaching Assistant Program (in the Department of Focused Inquiry at Virginia Commonwealth University) has evolved and expanded into an amalgamation of three distinct but overlapping elements: (i) teaching practicum, (ii) leadership seminar, and (iii) service learning experience. But only recently have we begun to fully and systematically itemize and map the precise learning objectives of the program. This task is particularly important, and particularly challenging, as the program merges learning objectives typically associated with each of the aforementioned elements. This essay seeks to more fully and more systematically articulate the precise learning objectives of this program, first by collating the observations and best practices of faculty who participate in the program into a list of seven skill sets and twenty-one subordinate classroom activities and modes of engagement, second by wedding those results with the “ABC” framework of experiential learning discussed by Carver (1996), and third by further mapping specific learning objectives within that framework through a process of triangulation. It is hoped that this process can be deployed in any similar undergraduate teaching assistant or peer mentoring program in order to reveal the interconnections among various programmatic elements and particular learning objectives.
The supply and demand functions for Turkey’s manufacturing industry: Simultaneous equation systems
Türkiye’nin imalat sanayi ihracat ve ithalatının talep ve arz fonksiyonu: Eşanlı denklem modeli
Authors: Önder Kübra , Akın Büşra
Published: January 2016

Foreign trade policies applied to achieve economic growth and structural changes in the economies have an important role. The applications of these policies to determination of the direction, composition, and volume of exports and imports have affected on the price and income elasticities of exported and imported goods. Therefore, the export and the import policies must be analyzed with regards to the price and income elasticities. Considering the studies done so far, econometric analysis of supply and demand functions of export and import are generally seen analyzed based on a single equation model. Also simultaneous relationship between the supply and demand is mostly ignored. For this reason, the major aim of this study is to examine the simultaneous relationship between the supply and demand functions of export and import of manufacturing industry by using Two Stage Least Squares Method. According to results of estimation income and price elasticities for supply and demand of import are found compatible with the theory. Both in export and import demand equation of manufacturing, income and price elasticities are found positive and negative respectively. And also export and import supply elasticities for manufacturing are compatible with the theoretical expectations.

 

Özet

Ekonominin büyümesi ve yapısal değişiminde, dış ticaret politikalarının önemli bir yeri vardır. İhracat ve ithalatın yönü, hacmi ve kompozisyonunu belirlemek amacıyla alınan kararlar, malların fiyat ve gelir esnekliklerine etkide bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bir ülkenin ihracat ve ithalat rejimi incelenirken, fiyat ve gelir esneklikleri de dikkate alınmalıdır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirildiğinde, genellikle ihracat ve ithalat arz ve talep fonksiyonlarının ekonometrik analizinin tek denklemli model temel alınarak incelendiği görülmektedir. İhracat arz ve talep fonksiyonları arasındaki eşanlı gelir ve fiyat ilişkisi çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın temel amacı; ihracat arz ve ithalat talep fonksiyonları arasındaki eşanlılık ilişkisini imalat sanayi özelinde, eşanlı denklem sistemlerinden iki aşamalı en küçük kareler yöntemi kullanarak incelemektir. Tahmin sonuçlarına göre, imalat sanayi ithalat arz ve talebine ait gelir ve fiyat esneklikleri ile imalat sanayi ihracat talebine ait gelir ve fiyat esnekliği ve ihracat arz denklemine ait gelir ve fiyat esnekliklerinin işareti teoriyle uyumlu bulunmuştur.
Principles of Geology and Sensory Experience at London's Cyclorama
Authors: Hibberd Sarah
Published: January 2016

The Cyclorama opened in London in 1848 with a representation of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake that reportedly terrified audiences with its realistic aural and visual effects. During the first half of the century Londoners had been confronted with a rapid succession of revolutions in scientific thought, which needed to be assimilated into the emotional as well as the intellectual structures of public life. The geologist Charles Lyell had recently explained earthquakes and volcanic activity in a manner that fundamentally changed public understanding of the history of the earth, and in so doing challenged the religious narratives that had formerly underpinned it. The Cyclorama invited the spectator to confront such destruction in this new light: the frighteningly immersive visual and aural effects and the comforting narratives offered by accompanying musical excerpts (from works by Auber, Beethoven, and Rossini) were crucial to the shaping of the experience, and can be understood in the context of other artistic and poetic responses to Lyell's proposals. The music helped to articulate something of the competing perspectives on the crisis of faith that was exercising the intelligentsia at mid-century and offered a conduit for both emotional and intellectual responses.
Exercising Musical Minds: Phrenology and Music Pedagogy in London circa 1830
Authors: Trippett David
Published: January 2016

The icon of the machine in early-nineteenth-century Britain was subject to a number of contemporary critiques in which pedagogy and the life of the mind were implicated, but to what extent was education in music composition influenced by this? A number of journal articles appeared on the topic of music and phrenology, bolstered by the establishment of the London Phrenological Society (1823), and its sister organization, the British Phrenological Association (1838). They placed the creative imagination, music, and the “natural” life of the mind into a fraught discourse around music and materialism. The cost of a material mind was a perceived loss of contact with the “gifts of naturer … the dynamical nature of man … the mystic depths of man's soul” (Carlyle), but the concept of machine was also invested with magical potential to transform matter, to generate energy, and can be understood as a new ideal type of mechanism. These confliciting ideals and anxieties over mechanism, as paradigm and rallying cry, are here situated in the context of music pedagogy during the second quarter of the century, with particular reference to amateur musicians and the popular appeal of phrenological “exercise,” and of devices such as Johann Bernhard Logier's “chiroplast.”
Misspecification in Mixed-Model-Based Association Analysis
Authors: Kruijer Willem
Published: January 2016

Additive genetic variance in natural populations is commonly estimated using mixed models, in which the covariance of the genetic effects is modeled by a genetic similarity matrix derived from a dense set of markers. An important but usually implicit assumption is that the presence of any nonadditive genetic effect increases only the residual variance and does not affect estimates of additive genetic variance. Here we show that this is true only for panels of unrelated individuals. In the case that there is genetic relatedness, the combination of population structure and epistatic interactions can lead to inflated estimates of additive genetic variance.
Medical Countermeasures for Children in Public Health Emergencies, Disasters, or Terrorism
Authors:   DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL, Krug Steven E. , Chung Sarita , Fagbuyi Daniel B. , Fisher Margaret C. , Needle Scott M. , Schonfeld David J.
Published: January 2016

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed May 2022.

Significant strides have been made over the past 10 to 15 years to develop medical countermeasures (MCMs) to address potential disaster hazards, including chemical, biological, radiologic, and nuclear threats. Significant and effective collaboration between the pediatric health community, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, and federal partners, such as the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, and other federal agencies, over the past 5 years has resulted in substantial gains in addressing the needs of children related to disaster preparedness in general and MCMs in particular. Yet, major gaps still remain related to MCMs for children, a population highly vulnerable to the effects of exposure to such threats, because many vaccines and pharmaceuticals approved for use by adults as MCMs do not yet have pediatric formulations, dosing information, or safety information. As a result, the nation’s stockpiles and other caches (designated supply of MCMs) where pharmacotherapeutic and other MCMs are stored are less prepared to address the needs of children compared with those of adults in the event of a disaster. This policy statement provides recommendations to close the remaining gaps for the development and use of MCMs in children during public health emergencies or disasters. The progress made by federal agencies to date to address the needs of children and the shared commitment of collaboration that characterizes the current relationship between the pediatric health community and the federal agencies responsible for MCMs should encourage all child advocates to invest the necessary energy and resources now to complete the process of remedying the remaining significant gaps in preparedness.
KHÍA CẠNH KỸ THUẬT VÀ HIỆU QUẢ KINH TẾ CỦA MÔ HÌNH ƯƠNG CUA GIỐNG TRONG BỂ LÓT BẠT Ở HUYỆN NĂM CĂN TỈNH CÀ MAU
Authors: Viet Le Quoc , Hai Tran Ngoc , Phuong Nguyen Thanh
Published: January 2016

Nghiên cứu hiệu quả kinh tế của mô hình ương cua giống trong bể lót bạt ở huyện Năm Căn, tỉnh Cà Mau được thực hiện từ tháng 8 - 12/2014, thông qua việc phỏng vấn trực tiếp 35 hộ ương cua từ giai đoạn megalop lên cua giống tại xã Hàm Rồng, huyện Năm Căn, tỉnh Cà Mau. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các nông hộ ương cua trong bể đất lót bạt với diện tích bể ương trung bình 9,6 m2/bể, độ sâu mực nước 0,3 m và giá thể 100% là lưới. Cua được ương với mật độ trung bình 256,7 con/m2, cho ăn bằng thức ăn ruốc sống chiếm 40% số hộ ương và 60% cho ăn kết hợp giữa ruốc sống và thức ăn viên. Tỷ lệ sống đạt trung bình 84,9%, năng suất 237,4 con/m2 và sản lượng đạt 986.000 con/hộ/năm. Mô hình ương có chi phí đầu tư trung bình 18,8 triệu đồng/đợt và lợi nhuận 5,1 triệu đồng/đợt (121,0 triệu đồng/hộ/năm), tương ứng với tỷ suất lợi nhuận là 0,3. Trong đó, có 94,3% hộ có lợi nhuận và 5,7% số hộ lỗ. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu đã xác định được 5 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả của mô hình nuôi gồm: (i) Diện tích bể ương; (i) Giá con giống; (iii) Mật độ ương; (iv) Tỷ lệ sống và (v) Giá bán.
DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF EARLY GENES OF WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS IN PENAEID SHRIMP
Authors: S Dinesh. , M Roohi Fatima. , Patil Komal B , Verma Kanika , Gupta Noopur , Thenamkodath Liz , Menon Priyanka , T Mekata. , T Itami. , R Sudhakaran.
Published: January 2016

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most lethal pathogenic virus affecting the penaeid shrimp. Outbreak of WSSV causes high mortality among the populations of cultured penaeid shrimp. Aim of the present study was to diagnose the WSSV in early stage of infection. Immediate early genes are genes that are activated due to presence of cellular stimuli and have significant role in replication and proliferation of virus. In this study, wsv303 and wsv477 genes were chosen for analysis. This study demonstrates the detection of WSSV using primers designed from early genes and sequences the Indian isolates for homology analysis. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection confirmation and the PCR products were cloned. Different organs such as gill, head soft tissue, heart tissue, intestine and tail tissue had been used for the PCR assay. Both genes were amplified at the size of 420 bp and 457 bp, respectively. Different duration samples of WSSV post-infection muscle DNAs were analyzed with the two primers and compared with OIE-nested PCR method convincing the early detecting ability of the virus. Sequencing analysis was performed with other isolates from France, China, The Netherlands and Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Indian isolate was closely related to other isolates.
STUDY ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL REEFS IN LY SON ISLAND USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Quang Nguyen Hao , Thanh Luong Van , Duan Ho Dinh
Published: January 2016

Research and application of GIS and remote sensing technology combined with field survey in coastal areas of Ly Son island, Quang Ngai province had been carried out to establish the distribution map of submarine habitats. Depth-invariant index was used to correct water column’s affects on spectral reflectance of each habitat. The results of satellite - image classification showed that coral reef ecosystems living with coverage of over 25% were quite low in the south and southeast, and a small portion was in the north of the Lon island. In addition, seagrass ecosystems developed quite well with high coverage in the south and the north of Lon island. Overall, mainly common types of sea bed in Ly Son area were dead coral and seagrass. The accuracy assessment after classification showed that the overall accuracy of the satellite - image interpretation process was 94% and the kappa coefficient was 0.93.
RESEARCH ON SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING ARSENIC ADSORPTION AND REMOVAL BY STEEL SLAG IN WATER
Authors: Trang Tran Thi Thu , ChangMing Yang , Shuo Shen , Hiep Le Minh
Published: January 2016

This paper presents the results of this research which utilizes solid waste resources in the environment, namely steel slag, to adsorp and remove arsenic in water. The study conducted empirical processes based on the processes in the experimental conditions affecting arsenic adsorption and removal by steel slag in contaminated water: concentration, steel slag size, steel slag weight, pollution concentration, temperature, symbiotic ions. The research results show: The lower initial solution concentration is, the more easily adsorption equilibrium can achieve, the higher initial concentration is, the longer it takes to reach adsorption equilibrium; the smaller steel slag particle is, the more easily adsorption equilibrium can reach; the larger particle size, the longer the time to reach adsorption equilibrium; the more increasing the number of steel slag particles, the greater the pollutant adsorption, the higher the removal efficiency; initial pH concentration affects As adsorption of steel slag (III); influence of temperature on As adsorption of steel slag (III) is not clear; different ions (NO3-, Cl‑, F-, SO42- and PO43-) intervene in As adsorption of steel slag (III) in solution. Thus, the choice of steel slag as the material to adsorb and remove arsenic in water is the optimal method, bringing economic efficiency, environmental protection and practical application.
BIẾN ĐỘNG NGUỒN LỢI CÁ SÒNG NHẬT (TRACHURUS JAPONICUS TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1844) Ở VÙNG ĐÁNH CÁ CHUNG VỊNH BẮC BỘ GIAI ĐOẠN 2006 - 2013
Authors: Hai Nguyen Van
Published: January 2016

Từ năm 2006 - 2013, 32 chuyến điều tra nguồn lợi hải sản bằng lưới kéo đơn đã được tiến hành ở vùng biển đánh cá chung vịnh Bắc Bộ giữa Việt Nam và Trung Quốc. Tổng số 1.060 mẻ lưới đã được thực hiện chia đều cho các tháng 1, tháng 4, tháng 7 và tháng 10 trong năm. Trung bình mỗi mẻ lưới được thực hiện trong 1 giờ. Trong tổng số 1.060 mẻ lưới thực hiện có 821 mẻ lưới bắt gặp cá sòng Nhật. Tỷ lệ sản lượng trung bình của cá sòng Nhật chiếm khoảng 5% tổng sản lượng qua các chuyến điều tra. Năng suất khai thác trung bình của cá sòng Nhật cao nhất là vào tháng 7 và thấp nhất vào tháng 4 hằng năm. Trữ lượng của cá sòng Nhật có sự biến động mạnh theo chu kỳ 2 năm tăng và 2 năm giảm liên tục. Xét theo chu kỳ mùa, trữ lượng cá sòng Nhật cao nhất vào mùa thu (tháng 7) và thấp nhất vào mùa xuân (tháng 1).
NGUỒN GIỐNG CÁ Ở RẠN SAN HÔ VÙNG BÁN ĐẢO SƠN TRÀ, ĐÀ NẴNG
Authors: Vi Nguyen Thi Tuong , Quang Vo Van
Published: January 2016

Bài báo trình bày về kết quả khảo sát nguồn giống cá ở vùng rạn san hô bán đảo Sơn Trà, Đà Nẵng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nguồn giống của 3 họ cá mú, cá dìa, cá hồng hầu như xuất hiện quanh năm, nhưng tập trung vào vụ chính từ tháng 4 đến tháng 9 và được khai thác bằng nghề lặn và lưới. Đã xác định có 14 loài cá giống có giá trị kinh tế. Trong đó, họ cá mú (Serranidae) có 8 loài, họ cá dìa (Siganidae) có 3 loài, họ cá hồng (Lutjanidae): 3 loài; nhiều loài có giá trị kinh tế cao, là đối tượng đang được đưa vào nuôi trồng ở Việt Nam như cá song gio (Epinephelus awoara), cá mú mè (Epinephelus coioides), Cá mú điểm gai (Epinephelus malabaricus), cá dìa công (Siganus guttatus) và một số loài đã được nuôi ở các nước trên thế giới như cá hồng vảy ngang (Lutjanus johnii). Con giống các loài cá thu được có kích thước khác nhau tùy theo từng loài dao động từ 44 - 148 mm. Cá giống có mật độ trung bình là 31,5 con/400 m2; trong đó cá mú (Serranidae): 5 con/400 m2, cá dìa công (Siganus guttatus): 1 con/400 m2, cá giò (Siganus spp) có mật độ cao nhất 25,4 con/400 m2, thấp nhất là cá hồng (Lutjanidae) chỉ 0,1 con/400 m2.
VIETNAM - RUSSIAN COOPERATION INSTALLING AND TESTING THE TOMOGRAPHY ELECTRIC COMPLEX (TEC-2) FOR INVESTIGATION OF SHALLOW GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Cuong Do Huy , Anh Bui Thi Bao , Nhan Nguyen Thi , Tung Nguyen Xuan , Hung Pham Duc , Thanh Nguyen Xuan
Published: January 2016

The geophysical investigation system named TEC-2 (Tomography Electric Complex-2) was designed, installed and tested in Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics. This TEC-2 is the scientific cooperation product of Geomagnetic and Geoelectric Department of and POI and Geo - environmental Department of IMGG-VAST. The test results using TEC-2 show the capability of investigating by using certain pole system, short investigation time, high stability, the accuracy of two investigation times being more than 92%. The distributed design of electric poles, measuring operation, parameter selection, … are programmed and controlled automatically by computer. The TEC-2 system was used for investigating the weak structures in islands of Song Tu Tay, Son Ca, Nam Yet and Sinh Ton in Truong Sa Archipelagos and shallow geological environment in the area of Red River bank in Son Tay Hanoi. The acquired data  contributed to the success of the scientific projects managed by IMGG in the National Program of Bien Dong and islands in the period of 2011 - 2013 and VAST’s research project in the period of 2013 - 2014.
INVESTIGAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA SOLAR FOTOVOLTÁICA
Authors: Campos Antonio Luiz P. S. , Farias Aécio Vinícius Amorim , De Farias Leandro Alves , Pereira Júnior Valter Nogueira , Da Costa Bruno Palhano , De Macedo Idelcácio Paulino
Published: January 2016

Os painéis solares fotovoltaicos são dispositivos desenvolvidos para a geração de energia elétrica. Este trabalho aborda conceitos envolvidos na fabricação e funcionamento desses dispositivos tais como: histórico da energia solar fotovoltaica, tipos de painéis solares e aplicação de painéis solares em sistemas isolados. Foi feito um estudo de eficiência de geração elétrica de um painel solar existente no Campus Natal – Zona Norte do IFRN. Nesse estudo, foram levadas em consideração a incidência solar e a hora do dia. Por fim, são apresentadas conclusões sobre o estudo desenvolvido.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE ABACAXI PARA ELABORAÇÃO DE VINHOS: AVALIAÇÃO FISICO QUÍMICA E ACEITABILIDADE
Authors: Da Silva Jonas Luiz Almada , Dantas Dayene Louyse Lírio , Gaspareto Odisséia Carla Pires , Falcão Filho Ronaldo Dos Santos
Published: January 2016

Vinho de frutas ou fermentado de frutas é a bebida com graduação alcoólica de quatro a quatorze por cento em volume, a vinte graus Celsius, obtida da fermentação alcoólica do mosto de fruta sã, fresca e madura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma bebida alcoólica fermentada de abacaxi (vinho de abacaxi), caracterizando sob o ponto de vista físico-químico e sensorial o produto obtido. O experimento foi realizado com abacaxis da variedade Pérola, obtidos em comercio local da cidade de Currais Novos-RN. Os ensaios fermentativos foram realizados no laboratório de Alimentos do IFRN Campus Currais Novos por um período de vinte dias, em temperatura controlada onde, após este período realizaram-se as trasfegas e estabilização do vinho. O produto obtido foi submetido às análises de acidez total, cinzas, densidade, açúcares e grau alcoólico por ebuliometria, além da avaliação da aceitabilidade do produto. Os valores médios para acidez total, cinzas, densidade relativa, grau alcoólico e açúcares totais foram 87,09 mEq.L-1 ; 1,7 g.L-1; 0,9944 g.cm-3; 13% (v/v) e 3,0 g.L-1. As análises sensoriais demonstraram que, sobre o parâmetro sabor, não houve grande aceitação pelos provedores por se tratar de um vinho seco. Os parâmetros cor e odor foram bem aceitos pelos provadores. Com os resultados pode-se verificar a viabilidade de produção de vinho de abacaxi como uma alternativa de utilização do fruto e opção para o consumidor.

Palavras-chave: abacaxi, vinho, análises físico-químicas
ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS: ALTERABILIDADE DOS GNAISSES ENDERBÍTICOS NO ENSAIO DE LIXIVIAÇÃO CONTÍNUA ATRAVÉS DO EXTRATOR SOXHLET
Authors: COSTA ANNA PAULA LIMA , Nogueira Neto José Araújo , Galembeck Tamar Milca B , Da Silva Zenaide C. Gonçalves , Simão Joaquim A.
Published: January 2016

Os materiais estudados foram denominados de Verde Netuno, Verde Santa Cruz e Verde Choró, respectivamente para os granulitos das regiões de Itapipoca, Granja e Chorozinho. Foram pesquisados quanto aos aspectos tecnológicos e alteração/alterabilidade quando em uso. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi estudar as alterabilidades das rochas selecionadas e observar os seus comportamentos uma vez expostas à ação dos agentes de alteração em laboratório, em condições correlacionáveis às do ambiente em que poderão ser aplicadas. Os estudos de alterabilidade realizados em rochas granulíticas demonstraram que, mesmo rochas aparentemente pouco susceptíveis a alteração, podem apresentar problemas de degradação quando submetidas a ambientes poluídos quimicamente agressivos. Sobre estes aspectos, observou-se que as características petrográficas e os índices físicos (porosidade e absorção) são ferramentas muito importantes para a avaliação da durabilidade das rochas como materiais de revestimento. No contexto geral estas rochas mostraram-se bastante resistentes para uso como materiais de revestimentos.