bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic expression of p53 protein and its morphological features in salivary gland lesions
Authors: Li Xinwei , Tsuji Tatsuo , Wen Shumin , Sobhan Farzana , Wang Zhaoyuan , Shinozaki Fumihiko
Published: April 2006

An immunohistochemical study of p53 protein was carried out on 45 salivary gland lesions using a monoclonal antibody, Bp53–12, raised to the intracellular domain of the p53 protein. p53 protein expression was found in 34.4% of 32 salivary gland carcinomas. Nuclear p53 expression was detected in tumor cells but not in non‐neoplastic cells, except in one salivary duct carcinoma. The perinuclear cytoplasm of luminal duct cells was specifically positive for the antibody used here. Cytoplasmic p53 expression was observed mostly in non‐neoplastic cells. There was a tendency for the Cytoplasmic staining of p53 protein to be observed in the normal cells adjacent to p53‐positive carcinomas, but none of the normal cells were positive in the tissues surrounding p53‐negative carcinomas. Cytoplasmic expression of p53 protein in salivary gland tissues seems to be correlated with tumorigenesis.
Cognitive therapy in the treatment of patients with resistant burning mouth syndrome: a controlled study
Authors: Bergdahl Jan , Anneroth Göran , Ferris Hjördis
Published: April 2006

The effect of cognitive therapy (CT) on resistant burning mouth syndrome (BMS) was studied. Thirty patients with resistant BMS after odontological and medical treatment were randomly divided into two equal groups; a therapy group (TG) was treated with CT and an attention/placebo group (APG) served as a control group. The intensity of BMS, which was estimated by the use of a visual analogue scale, was significantly reduced in the TG directly after CT was completed and was further reduced in a 6–month follow‐up. The APG did not show any decrease in intensity of BMS. The results of this study indicate that, in some cases, resistant BMS probably is of psychological origin.
Osteolytic processes in human radicular cysts: morphological and biochemical results
Authors: Formigli Lucia , Orlandini Sandra Zecchi , Tonelli Paolo , Giannelli Marco , Martini Monica , Brandi Maria Luisa , Bergamini Maurizio , Orlandini Giovanni E.
Published: April 2006

In an attempt to verify the nature of bone resorption processes on the bone surrounding radicular cysts, fragments of cysts with the adjacent bone tissue were studied by morphological, cytochemical and ultrastructural methods. Cyst fluid was analysed for its content of cytokines with osteolytic activity. The cyst wall exhibited several connective tissue extensions which penetrated the adjacent bone. Numerous multinucleated tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were seen at the tip of the intraosseous extensions of the cyst capsule and in direct contact with the bone tissue. Typical resorption lacunae were identified on the bone surface by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, mononuclear TRAP‐positive cells were seen within the cyst capsule. High levels of prostaglan‐din E2 (PGE2) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were detected in the cyst fluids. In conclusion, active bone resorption may contribute significantly to the growth of these lesions within the jaws.
Epithelial cell proliferation in odontogenic keratocysts: a comparative immunocytochemical study of Ki67 in simple, recurrent and basal cell naevus syndrome (BCNS)‐associated lesions
Authors: Li T.‐J. , Browne R. M. , Matthews J. B.
Published: April 2006

The aim of the present study was to investigate epithelial cell proliferation in the linings of odontogenic cysts, including three different subtypes of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), namely simple (non‐recurrent), recurrent and basal cell naevus syndrome (BCNS)‐associated lesions. Ki67 immunoreactivity in OKC (simple, n = 10; recurrent, n = 8; syndrome, n = 9), dentigerous cysts (DC, n = 5), radicular cysts (RC, n = 5) and normal oral mucosa (n = 7) was studied using a biotin‐streptavidin‐peroxidase method on paraffin sections after microwave treatment. Ki67+ epithelial cells were counted manually and related to the length of basement membrane (BM) as determined by TV image analysis. Data were analysed by the Mann‐Whitney U test. The number of Ki67+ cells in simple OKC linings (53.1 ± 17.8 cells/ mmBM) was similar to that in oral epithelium (42.5 ± 12.7 cells/mmBM; P>0.2). However, both contained significantly more Ki67+ cells than DC (3.9 ± 1.3 cells/ mmBM) and RC linings (6.7 ±4.8 cells/mmBM; P<0.006). The epithelial distribution of Ki67+ cells differed between groups, with the percentage of positive cells in basal layers in OKC linings (7.0 ± 2.1%) being significantly lower than that of oral epithelia (35.9 ± 5.6%), DC (78.4 ± 8.4%) and RC (80.6 ± 7.7%) linings respectively (P<0.003). Comparison of Ki67 expression within the OKC group revealed no significant difference between simple and recurrent lesions (44.0 ± 13.8 cells/ mmBM; P>0.3). However, OKC associated with BCNS contained significantly higher numbers of Ki67+ cells (91.8±35.6 cells/mmBM; P<0.01). There was no difference in epithelial distribution of positive cells between the OKC groups. The results are consistent with OKC having a greater proliferative capacity than DC and RC and that its recurrence is not associated with a subgroup of lesions exhibiting increased proliferation. The increased proliferation in OKC associated with BCNS presumably reflects the underlying genetic defect(s) in this syndrome.
Lack of effect of hormonal treatment and smoking on cytokeratin expression in buccal mucosa
Authors: Leimola‐Virtanen Riitta , Syrjänen Stina , Happonen Risto‐Pekka , Virtanen Ismo , Luomanen Marita
Published: April 2006

Differences in cytokeratin expression of clinically normal buccal mucosa were studied in 50 healthy women by indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies. The subjects were divided into four groups: control group (N= 18), smokers (N=8), oral contraceptive users (N=8) and smokers receiving oral contraceptives (N=16). Our findings indicate that cytokeratin expression in non‐cornified stratified epithelium is not influenced by smoking or oestradiol/progesterone treatment. Only cytokeratin No. 19 showed variable patterns of expression but the differences could not be ascribed to smoking or contraceptives. Cytokeratin No. 19 gave a positive reaction in the basal and suprabasal layers in 34 subjects (68%). In 9 (18%) specimens, the staining was positive in the basal cells and showed a positive heterogeneous cytoplasmic reaction in the suprabasal cells. Interestingly, cytokeratin No. 7 was recognized in all epithelial cells except the basal cells. Our results suggest that changes in the serum oestradiol levels do not affect the cytokeratin pattern in buccal mucosa.
Relationship between mast cell degranulation and inflammation in the oral cavity
Authors: Walsh Laurence J. , Davis Mark F. , Xu Lindsay J. , Savage Neil W.
Published: April 2006

Mast cells are granule‐containing secretory cells which are distributed preferentially about the microvascular bed in oral mucosa. This work examined the contribution of mast cell mediators to inflammation in the oral cavity. Mast cells in oral tissues expressed the serine proteases, tryptase and chymase, with a minor subpopulation being chymase‐negative. Mast cells contained the cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF) in their granules. Degranulation of mast cells was a consistent feature of inflammation lesions (lichen planus, gingivitis, pulpitis, periapical inflammation). In lichen planus, intracellular stores of TNF were depleted, and expression of mRNA for TNF was upregulated, indicating ongoing production and release of the cytokine. The density of mast cells in tissue compartments was related to the level of expression of E‐selectin, an endothelial adhesion molecule which is known to be induced in skin by TNF derived from degranulating mast cells. Further attention should be directed toward the role of mast cell products, particularly TNF, in inflammation in the oral cavity.
Psychological factors associated with oral lichen planus
Authors: McCartan B.E.
Published: April 2006

50 patients with oral lichen planus (LP) were investigated for current anxiety and depression and for related personality factors. Anxiety levels, as measured on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, were elevated in 50% of cases while depression scores, measured on the same scale, were low in all but a few. The sample profile showed a slight tendency towards anxiety, as measured by the Cattell 16 PF Questionnaire, but did not confirm previous reports of high intelligence and intellectual orientation. There were no statistically significant associations between erosive oral LP and either anxiety or depression, as measured on the HAD Scale, or anxiety as measured by the Cattell 16 PF Questionnaire.
Immunocytochemical detection of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in paraffin‐embedded tissues as a possible prognostic indicator for oral lesions
Authors: Williams H. K. , Springall D. R. , Bhatnagar M. , Polak J. M.
Published: April 2006

Intracellular levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are raised following mitogenic stimulus and in neoplasia. Because lesions of the oral cavity are often difficult to assess histologically, we have determined the value of immunocytochemical detection of ODC as a prognostic indicator in 74 routinely fixed and paraffin‐embedded oral biopsies using peroxidase‐antiperoxidase and immunogold‐silver staining. The latter proved more sensitive, yielding positive reactions in 32 of 43 oral carcinomas (11/14 well differentiated, 16/21 moderately differentiated and 3/5 poorly differentiated) and 7/11 potentially malignant lesions, compared with 19/45 carcinomas and 1/15 potentially malignant lesions, by peroxidase anti‐peroxidase. Hyperplastic lesions (n= 7) and normal non‐keratinized buccal mucosa (n= 7) were all negative. Follow‐up was possible in 13 of the carcinoma patients. Of 7 positive ODC reactions but clinically node‐free at biopsy, 2 died and 2 had recurrences within 3 years, whereas all of 6 with no immunoreactivity were symptom‐free after 3–5 years. Immunostaining for ODC may be helpful for the prognostic assessment of routinely processed oral lesions and in choosing treatment.
Integrin receptors and their relationship to cellular proliferation and differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. A quantitative immunohistochemical study
Authors: Kosmehl H. , Berndt A. , Katenkamp D. , Hyckel P. , Stiller K.‐J. , Gabler U. , Langbein L. , Reh T.
Published: April 2006

The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV) and ECM receptors of integrin type (α2β1, collagen receptor; α6 chain of the fibronectin receptor; α6 chain of the laminin receptor) were examined in normal oral squamous epithelium and in invasive areas of oral squamous cell carcinomas with various differentiation and proliferation activities (Ki‐67 antigen labelling), evaluating the presence, quantity (using an image analysis system) and distribution of the integrin subunits. In the mucosa, there was uniform immunostaining for α2β1 and α6 concentrated at the cell membrane in the basal/supra basal cell zone, whereas, α5 showed a discontinuous staining of the basal cell‐basement membrane interface. α2 and α6 could be visualized in all carcinomas α5 showed low expression preferentally in less differentiated carcinomas. In contrast to normal mucosa, there was an increase in α6 staining in well‐differentiated carcinomas. Dedifferentiation of oral carcinomas was accompanied by an increase in cellular proliferation and with a decrease in α2β1 and α6 staining. This reduction of α6 staining was shown to be statistically significant, suggesting that this integrin may be a valuable grading parameter for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
High prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody and RNA in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Nagao Yumiko , Sata Michio , Tanikawa Kyuichi , Itoh Kyogo , Kameyama Tadamitsu
Published: April 2006

We have investigated the correlation between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is detectable in saliva, and oral cancer and other digestive tract cancers in the Northern Kyushu region of Japan. Anti‐HCV antibodies were detected in sera from 24 of the 100 patients with oral cancer (24%, p<0.05 vs the control group, p<0.01 vs the stomach cancer group), in 11 of 104 patients with non‐malignant diseases receiving dental treatment (the control group, 10.6%), and in 12 of 113 patients with stomach cancer (10.6%). HCV‐RNA was detected in sera from 17 of 100 oral cancer patients (17%, p<0.05 vs the control group) and 4 of 104 patients of the control group (3.9%). These results indicate a high prevalence of HCV infection in oral cancer patients, which warrants a systematic study of etiological associations between oral cancer and HCV.
Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) bioactivity and inhibition of IL‐1 bioactivity in supernatant fluid from cultured microphthalmic (mi) mice teeth of different ages
Authors: Symons A. L. , Polak B. , Powell R. N. , Seymour G. J.
Published: April 2006

A functioning dental follicle and bone resorption are necessary for tooth eruption. In the microphthalmic (mi) mouse, bone resorption is defective and teeth fail to erupt. Local bone metabolism involves the production of cytokines such as interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). The production of these cytokines by dental tissues during eruption may be fundamental to tooth movement. Molars from mi mice were cultured and supernatants tested for the presence of these cytokines using bio‐dot blotting and ELISA. A thymocyte bioassay was used to test supernatants for IL‐1 bioactivity and IL‐1 inhibition bioactivity. IL‐1α and TGF‐β were detected in all supernatants. Supernatants demonstrated no IL‐1 bioactivity but inhibited IL‐1 bioactivity which varied with concentration of supernatant, age and animal. This study demonstrated that cultured developing teeth secrete IL‐1α and TGF‐β however, concentrations varied in normal and pathological states. While IL‐1α was present in the supernatants, all demonstrated a variable ability to inhibit IL‐1 bioactivity. This ability may influence local bone metabolism and hence tooth eruption.
Spindle‐cell hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. A case report
Authors: Tosios Konstantinos , Koutlas Ioannis G. , Kapranos Nikiforos , Papanicolaou Stavros I.
Published: April 2006

We describe a vascular tumor classified as SCH by histological criteria that was found in the mandibular‐buccal fold of a 12‐year‐old girl. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of thin‐walled cavernous spaces containing thrombi and phleboliths, and cellular areas composed of spindle‐shaped, epithelioid and vacuolated cells. Immunohistochemically, the endothelial vascular lining was highly reactive with HAM56 antibody, while variable reactivity was observed for factor VIII‐associated antigen. All cell types were positive for vimentin and anti‐PCNA stained less than 3% of the tumor cells. This is the first report of SCH in the oral cavity.
Increased lysyl oxidase activity in fibroblasts cultured from oral submucous fibrosis associated with betel nut chewing in Taiwan
Authors: Ma R. H. , Tsai C. C. , Shieh T. Y.
Published: April 2006

Growth characteristics and lysyl oxidase activity of fibroblasts derived from human normal mucosa (NM) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) associated with betel nut chewing were compared in cell cultures. The growth rates of cultured cells were identified by plating 5×105 cells/35 mm culture dish (Day 0) and every 24 hours cell proliferation was determined by quantifying the cell number (using a hemocytometer). The third to seventh passages were used. A medium without serum but supplemented with 5 mg/ml bovine serum albumin was substituted for the original medium at the subconfluent period and cultured for an additional 24 h. The medium was collected and used for assays of protein content and lysyl oxidase activity. Lysyl oxidase activity was assayed with [4,5‐3H] ‐lysine labelled purified chick ‐ embryo aorta elastin substrate. After incubation for 10 h at 37°C, the enzyme activity was measured from 3HHO (tritiated water) separated by ultrafiltration using Amicon C‐10 micro‐concentrators. The results showed the mean doubling time of OSF fibroblasts was 3.2 days and of NM fibroblasts was 3.6 days. NM fibroblasts became confluent at day 6 as determined by cell number, while OSF fibroblasts were confluent by Day 5. Furthermore, the immunoenzymatic assay for BrdUrd incorporation revealed that OSF fibroblasts proliferate significantly faster than NM fibroblasts under standard culture conditions. Both total protein content (10.84±1.15 mg/ml) and lysyl oxidase activity (3558.6±345.5 cpm/106 cell) in OSF fibroblasts were greater than in NM fibroblasts (6.35±0.96 mg/ml and 2436.0±352.6 cpm/106 cell). The results of this study provide evidence that fibroblasts derived from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) tissue and normal mucosa (NM), although similar in many respects, exhibit specific differences in proliferation rates and lysyl oxidase activity. Moreover, collagen deposition in OSF tissue may, at least in part, be ascribed to increased lysyl oxidase activity.
In vivo administration of IL‐1β accelerates silk ligature‐induced alveolar bone resorption in rats
Authors: Koide M. , Suda S. , Saitoh S. , Ofuji Y. , Suzuki T. , Yoshie H. , Takai M. , Ono Y. , Taniguchi Y. , Hara K.
Published: April 2006

The effects of recombinant human interleukin‐1β (rhIL‐1β) on alveolar bone resorptive activity in rats were examined. Continuous administration of rhIL‐1β or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) was given via osmotic pumps for 3, 7 and 14 days to rats with silk ligatures around second maxillary molars. Other animals without ligatures received insertion of pumps containing rhIL‐lp or remained untreated. Sections were subject to three different stains:–hematoxylin and eosin (H‐E) for histology, acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity for osteoclast detection, and immunohistochemistry using anti‐rat monocyte/macrophage monoclonal antibody (ED 1). In addition, body weight, plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were monitored. The mean body weight of rats receiving rhIL‐lp was significantly lower (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) compared with untreated rats throughout the experimental period. On Day 7, plasma calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly lower in rats receiving rhIL‐1β than in rats receiving PBS only (P < 0.05). Sections revealed a moderate inflammatory cell infiltrate reaching near the alveolar crest in both groups with ligatures on Day 3. Only rats receiving rhIL‐lp exhibited enhancement of inflammatory cell invasion on Days 7 and 14. In rats receiving rhIL‐lp with ligatures, numerous resorption lacunae containing ACPase‐positive multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), coinciding with ED1‐positive cells, were located on the mesial side of the septum where extensive bone resorption had occurred throughout the experimental period. In animals receiving rhIL‐β without ligatures, compared with untreated rats, increased ACPase‐positive cells were observed on the mesial side of the septum on Day 3. In animals receiving PBS only, a few ACPase‐positive cells were observed confined to the mesial regions where slight bone resorption occurred on Days 7 and 14. These results indicate that the administration of rhIL‐1β accelerated alveolar bone destruction in ligature‐induced periodontal tissue inflammation over a two‐week period.
Overexpression of p53 protein in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and tongue in Taiwan: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathological study
Authors: Yan Jin‐Jou , Tzeng Ching‐Cherng , Jin Ying‐Tai
Published: April 2006

Sixty squamous cell carcinomas of tongue and buccal mucosa were examined for expression of p53 protein by using an immunohistochemical technique improved by an antigen retrieval method. Twenty‐seven (45%) tumors demonstrated strongly positive staining. Thirteen of p53‐positive tumors (48%) also exhibited Overexpression of p53 in immediately adjoining hyperplastic or pre‐malignant epithelium. All 22 metastatic lymph nodes and 18 local recurrent lesions (except two) had an identical p53 immunophenotype to their corresponding primary sites. Mitotic indices were significantly higher in p53‐positive tumors (P < 0.01): however, no association of PCNA scores with p53 expression was found (P > 0.1). There was no correlation between p53 Overexpression and tumor grade, size and staging, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and early local recurrence. Overexpression of p53 was found to be relatively higher, although not statistically significant, in nonsmokers than in heavy smokers (66.7% vs. 42.9%). and in non‐betel‐quid chewers than in heavy chewers (62.5% vs. 34.2%). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that inactivation of p53 protein may occur in the early phases of oral tumorigenesis. It may not be a useful prognostic marker but could possibly be used for risk assessment and surveillance of local recurrence.
Immunohistochemical observations on a possible ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma
Authors: Miyauchi Mutsumi , Takata Takashi , Ogawa Ikuko , Ito Hiroshi , Nikai Hiromasa , Ljuhin Naokuni , Tanimoto Keiji , Miyauchi Shinobu
Published: April 2006

An ameloblastic fibro‐odontoma which occurred in the mandible of a 3‐year‐old Japanese boy is reported together with immunohistochemical findings. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an ameloblastic fibroma‐like area and some typical complex odontoma‐like areas. The epithelial islands in the ameloblastic fibroma‐like area showed different developmental stages of the epithelial‐connective tissue interface. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that all epithelial components in the ameloblastic fibroma‐like area showed expression of CK 8, CKs 13, 16, CK 14, CK 18 and CK 19, and coexpression of these cytokeratins and vimentin. These findings suggest that even the epithelial component without obvious epithelial‐mesenchymal induction showed the final cell differentiation of the enamel organ with the potential for epithelial‐mesenchymal induction.
Anti‐HIV antibody in saliva: an assessment of the role of the components of saliva, testing methodologies and collection systems
Authors: Lamey P.‐J. , Nolan A. , Follett E. A. C. , Coote I. , MacFarlane T. W. , Kennedy D. H. , Connell A. , Parry J. V.
Published: April 2006

The various components of saliva, namely mixed saliva, parotid saliva, submandibular saliva, crevicular fluid and minor (labial) gland secretions, were collected from 63 known HIV antibody seropositive patients. A commercial test system. Wellcozyme HIV 1+2, and an antibody capture ELISA (GACELISA). were compared for sensitivity against all components. Sensitivity of the GACELISA system was 100%. in 123 mixed saliva, 121 parotid saliva and 127 labial fluid samples, and 98% in 99 submandibular samples and 127 crevicular fluid samples. Respective figures for Wellcozyme 1+2 were 92%, 55% 73%, 66% and 63%. Mixed saliva was most easily, conveniently and effectively collected using a plain Salivette. In 241 Salivette samples examined from the 63 patients. GACELISA proved 100% sensitive, and Wellcozyme 95% sensitive. Another form of Salivette impregnated with citric acid was unsuitable for GACELISA and gave a false negative value of 45%. In 197 samples from the gingival margin taken by a dry swab. GACELISA showed a sensitivity of 98% and Wellcozyme 81%. The most sensitive method for demonstrating anti‐HIV antibody in saliva is to collect mixed saliva with the plain Salivette system and assay anti‐HIV antibody levels by GACELISA.
Relationship of circulating CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and p24 antigenemia to the risk of developing AIDS in HIV‐infected subjects with oral hairy leukoplakia
Authors: Ravina A. , Ficarra G. , Chiodo M. , Mazzetti M. , Romagnani S.
Published: April 2006

To investigate the relationship of circulating CD4+ T‐lymphocytes and p24 antigenemia to the development of AIDS in HIV‐infected subjects with hairy leukoplakia (HL). we have followed over eight years 173 HIV‐positive patients, all asymptomatic at the start of the study, and compared those who developed HL (n= 55) to those who did not (n= l18). Both groups included injection drug users (IDUs), homosexual men, and hemophiliacs. At the time of their first visit, both HL+ and HL‐ patients had a normal value of CD4+ cells and a low frequency of p24 antigenemia. During the years of follow‐up, patients in the HL+ group showed a greater reduction in CD4+ cells, a significant increase in p24 antigenemia and a higher rate of progression to AIDS. Our study demonstrates that in HIV‐positive patients, HL is associated with more compromised immunological parameters and a higher viral replication and that its appearance has a negative prognostic value in relation to AIDS progression.
Ameloblastie fibromas and related tumors in cattle
Authors: Gardner D.G.
Published: April 2006

This article concerns rare odontogenic tumors that occur predominantly in the mandibular incisor region of young cattle and which have often in the past been referred to as ameloblastomas, or as the outdated synonym, adamantinoma. Twenty‐two examples from the literature and two new ones were studied. Six consisted of epithelial islands which resembled those of ameloblastoma but which were located within a cellular fibrous connective tissue that was the second component of the tumor these mixed odontogenic tumors therefore represented ameloblastic fibromas, not ameloblastomas. Eight consisted of a combination of ameloblastic fibroma and odontoma and therefore were ameloblastic fibro‐odon‐lomas, and one was apparently malignant (ameloblastic fibro‐odontosarcoma). Excluding this last lesion, these tumors should respond well to enucleation, like their human counterparts but to confirm this hypothesis, the margins of future examples should be carefully examined to determine that they are well‐demarcated, not invasive. The microscopic features of the remaining 9 tumours could not be evaluated adequately, while another 17 tumors in cattle and water buffalo reported briefly could not be studied to any extent because of insufficient information.
Effects of serum phosphate level on formation of incisor dentine in hypophosphatemic mice
Authors: Masatomi Y. , Nakagawa Y. , Kanamoto Y. , Sobue S. , Ooshima T.
Published: April 2006

The effects of serum phosphate level on the formation of incisor dentine were investigated in hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice fed a diet high in calcium and phosphorus (high Ca/P diet). Feeding a high Ca/P diet for more than 10 days resulted in an increase in the serum phosphate level in Hyp mice to one similar to that of normal mice. Lower incisors were cut transversely at the centre of the length of the incisor, a point that had taken approximately 40 days to be reached from the start of dentine formation in Hyp mice. Transverse views of the incisors showed a triangle‐like outline in Hyp mice fed a control diet, while the outline became rounded in Hyp mice fed the high Ca/P diet for more than 40 days. In Hyp mice fed the high Ca/P diet for 40 days interglobular dentine was still observed and fluorescent lines produced by tetracycline showed a diffuse and wavy pattern in incisor dentine; however, inter‐globular dentine became indistinct and fluorescent lines showed a relatively smooth pattern in the incisor dentine of Hyp mice fed the diet for more than 60 days.
Verruciform xanthoma occurring within oral lichen planus
Authors: Miyamoto Youji , Nagayama Masaru , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: April 2006

A verruciform xanthoma occurring within lichen planus on the lateral aspect of the tongue in a 68‐year‐old Japanese woman is reported. The features suggest that the condition of altered epithelial turnover, as in repeated epithelial desquamation, may cause the verruciform xanthoma.
Keratin 14 and 19 expression in normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelia. A study using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Su Lan , Morgan Peter R. , Lane E. Birgitte
Published: April 2006

Specific mRNA and protein for two major keratins, K14 and K19, were investigated in normal, dysplastic and malignant oral epithelia by combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In normal epithelia. K14 mRNA and protein were present almost exclusively in the basal layer of non‐cornified, and in rete‐processes of cornified, sites. Dysplastic epithelium showed irregular extension of the K14 transcript and protein into superficial cells. In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), K14 transcript was abundant in most samples whilst in one poorly differentiated carcinoma mRNA but no protein was detected. K19 mRNA and its protein were present predominantly in basal cells of noncornified epithelium, whereas in cornified epithelium only mRNA was detected. In dysplasias, K19 transcript was detected in all specimens but its protein was absent in most cases. Even more variations of K19 expression were observed in SSC. These findings indicate differences in the control of expression of K14 and K19 in normal epithelia and show that regulation is further disturbed during dysplastic change and malignancy.
Alterations of tumor suppressor genes and the H‐ras oncogene in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sakata Ken
Published: April 2006

The frequencies of mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). p53, and p16 (MTS1: multiple tumor suppressor 1/CDK4I: cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 inhibitor) tumor suppressor genes were investigated in 23 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene locus and on chromosomes 3p (VHL; von Hippel‐Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene locus). 5q (APC) and 9p (p16). and H‐ras oncogene mutations were also studied in the same samples. Techniques employed were polymerase chain reaction single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP), DNA sequencing and PCR‐microsatellite analyses. Mutations of the p53 gene were detected in 26% (6/23) of the tumor specimens. APC and p!6 were not mutated in any of the 23 oral SCCs studied. LOH was detected in 17% (2/12 informative cases) at the Rb, in 33% (4/12) on 3p, in 17% (4/23) on 5q and in 30% (3/10) on 9p. Mutations of the H‐ras gene were detected in 9% (2/23). The only correlation between these genetic alterations and clinicopathologic characteristics was that mutations of the p53 gene were detected more frequently in oral SCCs with lymph node metastasis than in those without it (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that mutations of the p53 gene and LOH on 3p and 9p frequently occur in oral SCC and play important roles in the development and/or progression of this common malignancy.
Adverse reactions in the oral mucosa associated with anterior composite restorations
Authors: Blomgren J. , Axéll T. , Sandahl O. , Jontell M.
Published: April 2006

This is a descriptive study of patients with symptomatic lichenoid‐like reactions of the lips in contact with composite restorations (n=12). Clinically, the lesions appeared as symptomatic single or multiple erythematous areas that included white papules. Candida was found by cultivation or histopathological examination in 7 of the lesions. Patch testing (n=7) did not reveal any reactions to composite components, except for one patient who showed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to formaldehyde. Replacement of existing dental materials parallel to antifungal treatment resulted in healing or significant improvement in 7 of 9 patients. This study shows that resin components can be associated with adverse reactions in the oral mucosa of the lips and that these reactions may be accompanied by an infection with Candida.
Analysis of immunoglobulin‐synthesizing cells in human dental periapical lesions by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Takahashi Kerso , MacDonald D. G. , Kinane D. F.
Published: April 2006

Immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) light chain mRNA‐expressing cells were investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) to assess the local humoral immune response in human dental periapical lesions. Twenty‐seven biopsy samples (17 periapical granulomas and 10 radicular cysts) were examined. Both types of light chain mRNA‐positive cells were detected in formalin‐fixed/paraffin‐embedded tissue sections in all samples. Plasma cells showed weak to strong cytoplasmic staining with both probes and background staining was negligible. The ISH methodology is specific and sensitive in detecting Ig light chain mRNAs and retains cell morphology well. κ to λ ratios showed moderate variability for both granulomas and cysts (mean=1.66±0.85 SD. 1.47±0.51, respectively). There was no significant difference in light chain distribution between granulomas and cysts. Ig κ and λ light chain proteins were also studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) but the results were disappointing due to excessive background staining. This study confirms that Ig is locally produced in periapical lesions and that the ISH method localises Ig light chain‐containing cells better than IHC. The wide variability in κ/λ ratio may support the concept of non‐specific multibacterial infection in these lesions.
Hypophosphatasia affecting the permanent dentition
Authors: Olsson Anders , Matsson Lars , Blomquist Hans K. , Larsson Åke , Sjödin Bengt
Published: April 2006

Reports on dental abnormalities in connection with hypophosphatasia almost exclusively describe changes in primary teeth. A 23‐year‐old man with hypophosphatasia, first diagnosed at the age of 8 months, is described; histologically and radiographically verified signs of the condition were present in the permanent dentition. The findings included a reduced level of the marginal alveolar bone supporting the upper central incisors, which had to be extracted. The molars displayed large coronal pulp chambers. Histologically, the upper incisors demonstrated abnormal root cementum, with areas of dentin resorption, as well as disturbances of the mineralization of the coronal dentin. The patient also had signs of abnormal root resorption of molars. The potential involvement of permanent teeth puts children with hypophosphatasia at risk of developing oral complications during adolescent and adult life.
Salivary protein composition in epileptic patients on different medications
Authors: Henskens Yvonne M. C. , Strooker Hans , van den Keijbus Petra A. M. , Veerman Enno C. I. , Nieuw Amerongen Arie V.
Published: April 2006

Several salivary proteins were assayed in saliva from epileptic patients who were using different anti‐epileptic drugs, viz. phenytoin, valproate and carbamazepine, and were compared with levels in unmedicated healthy control subjects. Flow rate and pH of the patient groups were not different from the controls. In all patient groups the specific amylase activity was increased up to twofold. In the phenytoin group only, the salivary IgA concentration was strongly reduced. Levels of salivary cystatin C were similar among all patient groups studied, and were not different from those of the control group. In contrast, the absolute and relative concentrations of cystatin S were diminished, particularly in patients using either valproate or phenytoin. These data suggest that use of anti‐epileptic drugs over long periods may result in decreased levels of several salivary proteins such as slgA and cystatins. which are involved in the protection of the oral cavity against microbial infections.
Betel chewer's mucosa in elderly Cambodian women
Authors: Reichart P. A. , Schmidtberg W. , Scheifele Ch.
Published: April 2006

A total of 102 rural Cambodian women with a mean age of 60×8.5 years (range 39 to 80 years) who chewed betel quid were examined for oral mucosal lesions, in particular betel chewer's mucosa. The average duration of betel quid chewing was 15.5 × 12.8 years. The average number of daily betel quids was 5.4 × 2.9. Forty women (39.2%) used betel quids overnight. Thirty‐eight (37.3%) did not show any oral mucosal lesion. Sixty‐two (60.8%) showed beiel chewer's mucosa. Homogeneous leukoplakia was found in three women (2.9%). Out of 130 sites affected by chewer's mucosa, the buccal mucosa was the most frequently involed (n= 68). In thirty‐two subjects (31.4%) more than one location was affected. The presence of a lesion was significantly associated with the duration of the habit (P < 0.01) and the number of betel quids per day (P <0.001). Betel chewing seems to be prevalent in elderly Cambodian women, while younger people do not seem to have taken up this habit. The risk for oral cancer in the Cambodian population is presently unknown.
Inhibition of the migration, attachment, spreading, growth and collagen synthesis of human gingival fibroblasts by arecoline, a major areca alkaloid, in vitro
Authors: Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Lan Wan‐Hong , Hahn Liang‐Jiunn , Hsieh Chi‐Chuan , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping
Published: April 2006

Because betel quid (BQ) chewing has been linked to a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases, the pathobiological effects of arecoline, a main alkaloid found in areca nut, were investigated in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. At concentrations higher than 0.4 mM, arecoline inhibits cell attachment, cell spreading and cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were associated with intracellular depletion of glutathione (GSH). At concentrations of 0.4 mM and 1 mM. arecoline depleted about 26% and 45% of GSH after 2 h incubation. Exposure of cells to areeoline at concentrations lower than 0.4 mM for 2 h showed no significant decrease in either cell viability or intracellular GSH. However, incubation of cells for 24 h in 1 mM arecoline decreased the cell numbers to only 35% of those in the untreated control. Arecoline also decreased cell growth and collagen synthesis in a dose‐dependent manner. Because of repeated and long‐term exposure to arecoline. BQ chewers could be more susceptible to periodontal damage and less responsive to new attachment procedures.
Sequential expression of placental glutathione S‐transferase (GST‐P) during DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Chen Y. K. , Lin L. M.
Published: April 2006

The aim of the present study was to investigate the sequential expression of placenta! glutathione S‐transferase (GST‐P) during 7, l2‐dimethylbenz[a]anthra‐cene (DMBA)‐induced hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinogenesis. Both immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses were employed to detect the epithelial GST‐P in bamster buccal pouch mucosa over a 15‐week treatment regimen. No GST‐P positivity was demonstrated in the pouches of the control group. GST‐P positive cells were first noted as early as 1 week after DMBA applications. A gradual increase in both the mean number and size of GST‐P‐posi live foci was noted in the first 12 experimental weeks, but a plateau level was approached thereafter. The early GST‐P‐positive‐area were located in the basal layer, or occasionally in the middle layer, of DMBA‐treated hamster buccal pouch mucosa. Later, the stained sites became enlarged and were scattered randomly in different layers or in the whole thickness of the dysplastic and non‐dysplastic epithelium. The keratin layer was only occasionally involved during the first 12 weeks of DMBA treatment but positive staining was more noticeable in the final stage of the experiment. Both exophytic (8–12 weeks) and invasive (13–15 weeks) squamous cell carcinomas showed GST‐P positivity. in both cytoplasmic and nuclear components. Immunoblot analysis revealed no band in the crude tissue extracts of the control pouches whereas GST‐P polypeptide of molecular weight approximately 26 kD was demonstrated in DMBA‐treated pouches over the whole 15‐week treatment regimen. Results of the present work indicate that GST‐P is a stable and persistent label for almost all of the carcinogen‐altered cells during DMBA‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Immunohistochemically detectable GST‐P may be a potential marker throughout oral chemical carcinogenesis.
Characterization of verruciform xanthoma by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Iamaroon Anak , Vickers Robert A.
Published: April 2006

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare, benign lesion, mainly found in the oral mucosa. Histologically and ultrastructurally. the lesion is characteristic and well defined. However, the etiology of the lesion remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to elaborate upon the pathogenesis of VX by evaluation of an additional series of oral examples for human papillomaviruses (HPV). using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and to further characterize the cellular components of VX immunohistochemically. Twelve specimens diagnosed as VX were retrospectively collected. One of the twelve specimens was positive for HPV types 6/11 by in situ hybridization. None of the twelve specimens demonstrated the presence of HPV antigen by immunohistochemistry. By immunohis‐tochemical studies, the predominant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate were T cells. The foam cells were of monocyte/macrophage lineage. S‐100‐positive (Langerhans) cells were occasionally found in the suprabasal layer of the epithelium. HLA‐DR‐positive keratinocytes were noted at the intense inflammatory sites. Taken together, these findings suggest that an immune response may play a role, at leas! in part, in VX pathogenesis.
Non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for denture stomatitis
Authors: Dorocka‐Bobkowska B. , Budtz‐Jörgensen E. , WłSoch S.
Published: April 2006

The prevalence of denture stomatitis as well as the frequency of isolation of Candida species and their density on the palatal mucosa have been compared in 70 acrylic denture‐wearers suffering from non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) versus 58 acrylic denture‐wearers with normal glucose metabolism. The adherence of C. albicans to palatal epithelial cells in vitro was also assessed in both groups. The patients with NIDDM had a significantly higher prevalence of denture stomatitis compared with the controls. The frequency of Candida colonization was increased in diabetics, but not significantly. According to the imprint culture technique, the density of Candida species was significantly higher in patients with NIDDM compared with the controls. The adherence of C. albicans to palatal epithelial cells from patients with NIDDM showed a significant increase compared with that observed in cells collected from the controls. This study supports the view that NIDDM predisposes to Candida‐associated denture stomatitis.
Histomorphometric analysis of osteoclastic resorption in bone directly invaded by gingival squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Semba Ichiro , Matsuuchi Hiroyuki , Miura Yoshihiro
Published: April 2006

Whole frontal sections of the mandibular bone from 18 patients with gingival squamous cell carcinoma showing direct bone invasion were prepared for histometrical analysis by a non‐decalcified grinding method. The osteoclast cytoplasmic area in tumor sites was larger and its relative frequency distribution was broader than that of osteoclasts in non‐tumor sites. The index of bone resorption was significantly increased, while that of bone formation was decreased in the tumor sites compared to the non‐tumor sites (P<0.01). In the tumor sites, the indices of bone resorption and formation in the group showing greatest chemotherapy and radiation therapy effects (CRE) were significantly different from those in the group with low CRE (P<0.01). A history of irradiation therapy was associated with significantly decreased bone resorption (P<0.05).
Nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas
Authors: Coleman H. G. , Altini M. , Groeneveld H. T.
Published: April 2006

The aim of this study was to determine whether nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) may be of value in distinguishing various odontogenic cysts from the unicystic ameloblastoma. Histological sections were prepared from fifteen cases each of odontogenic keratocyst, residual cyst, dentigerous cyst, unicystic ameloblastoma and conventional ameloblastoma. In each case intra‐nuclear AgNOR dots were counted in 100 consecutive basal nuclei. Statistical comparison of the least squares means showed that those areas of unicystic ameloblastomas lined by characteristic epithelium had a significantly lower AgNOR count than the other groups (P<0.05). The dentigerous cysts had significantly higher AgNOR counts than the residual cysts and unicystic ameloblastomas (P<0.05). These differences may or may not be indicative of variations in metabolic, proliferative or transcriptional activity. We conclude that AgNOR counts are not of diagnostic significance and cannot be used to distinguish the various odontogenic cysts from one another nor from the unicystic ameloblastoma.
Pseudocyst formation by adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in collagen gel culture and in SCID mice
Authors: Munakata Ryuichi , Irié Tarou , Cheng Jun , Nakajima Tamio , Saku Takashi
Published: April 2006

In order to reconstruct the characteristic three‐dimensional architecture of adenoid cystic carcinoma, we cultured ACC2 cells, a cell system established from a human adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate, in collagen gel matrix and transplanted them in SCID mice. In the collagen gel culture, the cells formed spherical colonies measuring 75.6 ± 14.6 urn in diameter by 6 days after seeding. The tumor cell nests contained vacuolar structures that were immunopositive for heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type III collagen, type IV collagen, and fibronectin. The rim of the nests was argyrophilic and immunopositive for type I collagen, type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Transplants of ACC2 cells in SCID mice grew to form tumor masses in which pseudocysts were formed. The results indicate that our collagen gel culture system provides physiological conditions for ACC2 cells to secrete particular extracellular matrix molecules and form pseudocystic spaces.
Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies raised against formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded human ameloblastoma
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Mryazawa Masaaki , Ooya Kiyoshi
Published: April 2006

To obtain monoclonal antibodies reactive with odontogenic but not other types of epithelium, mice were immunized wish honiogenates of fixed ameloblastoma tissues, and monoclonal antibodies Y4 and Mil were produced. Y4 reacted immunohistochemically with odontogenic epithelial components but not with those of squamous differentiation, while M11 reacted with odontogenic epithelial components and a part of keratotic epithelial tissues. Immunoglobulin isotypes of both antibodies were IgM as determined by Ouchterlonv immunodiffusion and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Western blotting revealed that the antigen recognized by Y4 had a molecular mass of approximately 66 kDa; however, the antigen reactive with M11 was not identified by Western blotting in spile of various attempts in changing reaction conditions. These antibodies may be beneficial to histological analyses of odontogenic tissues and their related lesions.
The adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: ultrastructure of tumour cells and non‐calcified amorphous masses
Authors: Philipsen H. P. , Reichart P. A.
Published: April 2006

The ultrastructure of tumour cells and tumour droplets (TD, non‐calcified amorphous masses) was studied in three cases of AOT using freshly prepared tissue. The fine structure of the epithelial tumour cells (cell type I‐III) corresponded to that of earlier descriptions. The extracellular location of TD was clearly demonstrated. TD were of varying, sometimes bizarre, configuration. Some TD showed a homogeneous matrix; however, in addition most revealed electron‐dense plaques. At high magnification, homogeneous types of TD showed only tubular elements; all others revealed granulo‐tubular structures. The tubular elements were arranged concentrically. The nature of the TD is discussed and compared to former interpretations. From the present ultrastructural findings, it appears that the TD most probably represent some form of enamel matrix and as such may be considered a type of pre‐enamel. Further studies are needed to elucidate the complex structure of the TD‐material so characteristic of the AOT.