bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Stiffness Variation of a Micro-Ring Driven by a Traveling Piecewise-Electrode
Authors: Li Yingjie , Yu Tao , Hu Yuh-Chung
Published: September 2014

In the practice of electrostatically actuated micro devices; the electrostatic force is implemented by sequentially actuated piecewise-electrodes which result in a traveling distributed electrostatic force. However; such force was modeled as a traveling concentrated electrostatic force in literatures. This article; for the first time; presents an analytical study on the stiffness variation of microstructures driven by a traveling piecewise electrode. The analytical model is based on the theory of shallow shell and uniform electrical field. The traveling electrode not only applies electrostatic force on the circular-ring but also alters its dynamical characteristics via the negative electrostatic stiffness. It is known that; when a structure is subjected to a traveling constant force; its natural mode will be resonated as the traveling speed approaches certain critical speeds; and each natural mode refers to exactly one critical speed. However; for the case of a traveling electrostatic force; the number of critical speeds is more than that of the natural modes. This is due to the fact that the traveling electrostatic force makes the resonant frequencies of the forward and backward traveling waves of the circular-ring different. Furthermore; the resonance and stability can be independently controlled by the length of the traveling electrode; though the driving voltage and traveling speed of the electrostatic force alter the dynamics and stabilities of microstructures. This paper extends the fundamental insights into the electromechanical behavior of microstructures driven by electrostatic forces as well as the future development of MEMS/NEMS devices with electrostatic actuation and sensing.
I Am the Invincible Sword Goddess: Mediatization of Chinese Gender Ideology through Female Kung-Fu Practitioners in Films
Authors: Hiramoto Mie , Teo Cherise
Published: September 2014

The media are avid portrayers of gender binarism and the belief in male-female distinctions, which are mainly attributed to perceived differences of a physical nature. In this paper, we investigate representations of female kung-fu practitioners (nuxia) in films to discuss how processes of mediation and mediatization depict their femininity, so as to mitigate their appropriation of Chinese martial arts masculinity. Often, nuxias are portrayed as empowered women who are equipped to take control of their own lives and to courageously take on challenges from a variety of opponents. However, multimodal deconstruction of the various characteristics of nuxias must be placed in an Asian-specific context in order to understand the femininity specific to these characters and to move beyond Western gender ideologies displayed by the media. Perpetuating Confucian patriarchal ideals, nuxia roles constantly and consistently associate conformation to Confucian values with virtuousness and non-conformation with wickedness. We therefore can use the ideals of Confucianism as a more accurate foundation in deconstructing the identities of nuxias, which allows us to better understand the mediation and mediatization processes of ideologies associated with Chinese femininity and masculinity in martial arts films.
Does Clinical Presentation Predict Response to a Nonsurgical Chronic Disease Management Program for Endstage Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Eyles Jillian P. , Lucas Barbara R. , Patterson Jillian A. , Williams Matthew J. , Weeks Kate , Fransen Marlene , Hunter David J.
Published: September 2014

Objective.

To identify baseline characteristics of participants who will respond favorably following 6 months of participation in a chronic disease management program for hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods.

This prospective cohort study assessed 559 participants at baseline and following 6 months of participation in the Osteoarthritis Chronic Care Program. Response was defined as the minimal clinically important difference of an 18% and 9-point absolute improvement in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index global score. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to identify predictors of response.

Results.

Complete data were available for 308 participants. Those who withdrew within the study period were imputed as nonresponders. Three variables were independently associated with response: signal joint (knee vs hip), sex, and high level of comorbidity. Index joint and sex were significant in the multivariate model, but the model was not a sensitive predictor of response.

Conclusion.

Strong predictors of response to a chronic disease management program for hip and knee OA were not identified. The significant predictors that were found should be considered in future studies.
Asie-Pacifique : la priorité de la politique étrangère chinoise
Authors: Ekman Alice
Published: September 2014

La Chine est de plus en plus active dans la région Asie-Pacifique qui constitue le cœur de sa politique étrangère. Jusqu’à présent, elle n’agit pas en fonction d’une stratégie intégrée clairement définie mais cherche à y défendre ses intérêts, notamment économiques, au détriment de ceux des États-Unis et de leurs alliés. Pour ce faire, elle agit surtout en douceur – en déployant progressivement sa puissance commerciale –, mais aussi parfois par des coups de force qui ne manquent pas d’effrayer ses voisins. politique étrangère
Le Japon d'Abe face à la Chine de Xi : de la paix froide à la guerre chaude ?
Authors: Pajon Céline
Published: September 2014

Les relations sino-japonaises se sont dégradées depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Shinzo Abe et de Xi Jinping. La rivalité s’accentue, alors que Pékin affirme sa puissance économique, diplomatique et militaire. La montée en force régionale de la Chine conduit le Japon à réviser sa stratégie, en appuyant plus sur la nécessité de faire contrepoids à Pékin et de dissuader ses éventuelles velléités d’user de la force. Les rapports sino-japonais s’annoncent sans doute durablement tendus. politique étrangère
Discordes en mer de Chine méridionale : les eaux troubles du Sud-Est asiatique
Authors: Storey Ian
Published: September 2014

La position stratégique et l’intérêt économique des centaines d’îlots de mer de Chine méridionale suscitent des revendications de souveraineté de la plupart des États riverains. La Chine en particulier dénie les droits des autres pays, adoptant une position qui s’embarrasse peu des dispositions juridiques internationales. Elle refuse d’autre part les procédures multilatérales qui pourraient aider à dénouer le conflit avec le Japon ou le Vietnam, et au-delà peut-être avec Washington. politique étrangère
A Review of Tools for Overcoming the Challenge of Monitoring of Social Media
Authors: Figueroa Carlos , Otero Abraham
Published: September 2014

Until recently, a company's communications with the public were unidirectional and mostly limited to advertisements in mass media. This gave companies almost complete control over their brand and image. Nowadays, a new set of media, in which the public has similar capabilities for creating content as companies has emerged: social media. The growth of this medium has been exponential, endowing it with a reach that can dwarf traditional mass media. Having or not having a presence in such media is not just a choice of the company. The company's customers and the general public can generate content related to a company without the company's consent. There is no way for the company to avoid it. All they can do is listen to the conversations, engage in them, and try to dampen negative feelings while steering the overall conversation in positive directions. Given the size of social networks and the large number of conversations that they support on a daily basis, manual monitoring is impossible. In this chapter, the authors review and evaluate various tools to support the tasks of monitoring and managing the content of social media that is relevant for a company, a brand, or a product.
Digital Rights Management
Authors: Gaber Tarek
Published: September 2014

In the era of the information technology and the rapid growth of the Internet access, e-Commerce technologies become very crucial as new and effective ways are needed to manage, transact, distribute, and exploit digital contents (e.g. audio and video). The proliferation of these contents has created a need for Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems. DRM, in addition to other security measures, is essential for the management and the protection of digital property, which is the main component of an e-Commerce system. This chapter highlights the need for DRM as a tool facilitating e-Commerce. It also provides the history of developing DRM and the main components of a DRM system. It also gives an overview of the existing DRM system used in e-Commerce systems. It then discuss some open issues in the current DRM system to support consumers' rights, so supporting e-Commerce business.
Whose News Can You Trust?
Authors: Malleus Rick
Published: September 2014

This chapter proposes a framework for analyzing the credibility of online news sites, allowing diaspora populations to evaluate the credibility of online news about their home countries. A definition of credibility is established as a theoretical framework for analysis, and a framework of seven elements is developed based on the following elements: accuracy, authority, believability, quality of message construction, peer review, comparison, and corroboration. Later, those elements are applied to a variety of online news sources available to the Zimbabwean diaspora that serves as a case study for explaining the framework. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the framework in relation to some contextual circumstances of diaspora populations and presents some limitations of the framework as diaspora populations might actually apply the different elements.
The AIDLET Model
Authors: Bidarra José , Rothschild Meagan , Squire Kurt , Figueiredo Mauro
Published: September 2014

Smartphones and other mobile devices like the iPhone, Android, Kindle Fire, and iPad have boosted educators' interest in using mobile media for education. Applications from games to augmented reality are thriving in research settings, and in some cases schools and universities, but relatively little is known about how such devices may be used for effective learning. This article discusses the selection and potential use of electronic games, simulations and augmented reality in mobile learning supported by an operational model called AIDLET. After analyzing the different approaches to the use of digital technology and games in education, and discussing their benefits and shortcomings, a framework was developed to facilitate the selection, repurposing, design and implementation of games, simulations and augmented reality, with focus on the practical aspects of the processes used in mobile learning. It is apparent that these devices for learning are valued by students and teachers alike, and that they may be used as personalized devices for amplifying learning, specifically through amplifying access to information, social networks, and ability to participate in the world. Furthermore, whereas traditional learning is based on knowledge memorization and the completion of carefully graded assignments, today, games, simulations and virtual environments turn out to be safe platforms for trial and error experimentation, i.e. learning by doing or playing. In this context, the AIDLET model was set out and verified against a taxonomy representing the main categories and genres of games, and the article concludes with implications for how teachers, instructional designers and technologists might best capitalize on the affordances of mobile devices when designing for blended learning and e-learning courses.
Adoption of Online Social Media Innovation
Authors: Taufique Khan Md. Raziuddin , Shahriar Faisal Mohammad
Published: September 2014

Few but mentionable studies have been conducted in typifying the Online Social Media (OSM) users. Studies on innovations taking place within the OSM environment are also very much found. But gaps are present in linking OSM innovations and adoption of innovations by the OSM users. Precise and objective studies to put the OSM users in an adoption spectrum are close to nil, though such studies might carry great significance in this new but exploding field of business and marketing. This study focuses on proposing an ‘Adoption Spectrum' for OSM innovations by the users by proliferating Rogers's ‘Adoption of Innovation' with the ‘Typology of OSM Users'. Absolutely conceptual and qualitative in nature, the study concentrates on assessing the speed and magnitude of adoption of OSM innovations by the users. The proposed spectrum is an alignment between Rogers's work and the OSM user typology. Mentionable limitation of this piece of work may be forwarding the empirical justifications for further study. However, the study may be used as input for managing innovations by the firms that venture through OSM.
Analyzing the Digital License Reselling Problem and Its Impact on E-Commerce
Authors: Gaber Tarek , Zhang Ning
Published: September 2014

Existing Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems allow consumers to buy digital licenses to access the corresponding contents on their devices. However, with these DRM systems, the consumers are unable to resell their licenses. Supporting digital license reselling adds additional challenges to DRM technologies and could find a new E-market. The aims of this chapter are as follows. The problem of reselling digital licenses is formally formulated. Then the state-of-the-art of the existing license reselling solutions proposed in the literature is discussed. Their strengths and limitations are analyzed. Then a framework allowing a consumer to resell his/her license to another consumer without compromising the underlying security of the DRM system is proposed. Finally, the impact of allowing license reselling on E-commerce is discussed.
Connecting Real and Virtual Neighbors
Authors: Blom Robin , Morgan Jonathan S. , Zube Paul , Bowe Brian J.
Published: September 2014

Unlike most of the literature surveying the proliferation and increased usage of social media in society at large, this study analyzes the potential of blogs to mobilize local communities. It focuses on blogging in the context of a geographic locality and describes a participatory action research project in inner city Detroit built around the “Going Home” blog hosted by The Detroit News. The results of the project demonstrate that blogging can be used as a catalyst for neighborhood revitalization. United by positive feelings towards the neighborhood, geographically separated social groups of current and former residents connected online, shared sentiments and information, and combined their efforts to bring about positive social change in the physical community.
“Katie's Swiss Trip”
Authors: Andrews Pierre , Paniagua Javier , Torsi Silvia
Published: September 2014

There is currently a trend in media management and the semantic web to develop new media processing methods and knowledge representation techniques to organize and structure media collections around events. While this increased interest for events as the central aggregator of media is supported by strong research in the fields of knowledge representation and computer vision; it is not yet clear how the digital era users use events when sharing their personal media collections. In this article, the authors first analyze and discuss a survey on photo-taking behavior and then explore a dataset of publicly available online albums to find out how users share photos. Based on the results of these studies, the authors show that, while media sharing services do not support events as yet, users still share their media around personal events, either by providing explicit spatio-temporal metadata in free text form, or by using an event-centric vocabulary when titling their collections of photos.
Digital Rights Management and Corporate Hegemony
Authors: Moro Nikhil
Published: September 2014

To the extent that data constitutes creative work in a tangible form, it represents intellectual property and implicates copyright. Understanding data mining, thus, invokes an appreciation of the principle and law of copyright. With the advent of digital rights management (DRM), the discourse of the U.S. law of copyright has shifted from fair use to circumventions of copyright-protecting software by hackers. In light of the ever-rising market power of transnational media corporations, this essay engages the political philosophy of Antonio Gramsci to address a normative question of who ought to control protected content and to what extent. It identifies six inflection points for any effort to divest copyright law of the disproportionate influence of corporate lobbying. Underlying the discussion is a presumption that reform of the law of copyright through dialogue among key stakeholders – creative individuals, technology innovators, legislators, policy makers, international mediators, data miners and other scholars, and transnational corporations – would help preempt any Gramsci-prescribed socialist reaction to the exclusive copyright regime enabled by DRM.
Typical Innovative and Involvement Characteristics of Contributors to Consumer Generated Media
Authors: Shiu Eric
Published: September 2014

One key impact of consumer generated media on today's firms is that it has become an increasingly important source of information for consumers in their decision making process. Firms that are able to gather positive messages about themselves and their products or services on consumer generated media can be instrumental to the survival and success of their business. The quality and growth of consumer generated media depend on contributions from the consumer public, and some people are more likely to post their own messages, written or otherwise, on consumer generated media than others. Understanding some typical characteristics of these people, termed active contributors to consumer generated media in this chapter, is beneficial for firms, as they can be more ready to identify them and could do something to turn them in their flavour. Based on literature review, this study has identified a number of hypothetical variables that may influence whether a person is an active contributor to consumer generated media. A questionnaire survey on 430 respondents has shown that global innovativeness, electronic innovativeness and consumer involvement significantly affect contributions to consumer generated media. Active contributors to this new medium are also more likely to be male and of a younger age.
Social Media Usage and Adoption
Authors: Olsen Line L. , Andreassen Tor W.
Published: September 2014

Social media is in vogue, but managers need to know their customers' social media readiness to help them overcome any resistance to adopting the new benefits that social media offers and to secure customer satisfaction with the services offered through these channels. In this chapter, the authors present findings from two studies. In the first study, general technology readiness is investigated and pockets of users are identified. This study works as a backdrop for the second study, in which consumers' social media readiness, the construct and its drivers are investigated. Overall, the authors find that customers seem to be ready for social media, as social media readiness has a positive, indirect effect on attitudes toward interaction in social media. Moreover, the effect is mediated through ease of use and usefulness.
Empowering Creativity in Young People Through Mobile Learning
Authors: Ranieri M. , Bruni I.
Published: September 2014

This paper investigates the potential of mobile learning for creativity in and out of school with a focus on media production. In doing so it attempts to move beyond binary choices around the nature of creativity (e.g., individual vs social) and the role of technologies for creative learning. To this end, it presents the literature on how creativity has been conceptualized, especially in education, and provides the theoretical underpinnings that supported the study by referring to the Vygotskyan perspective of creativity as a transformative process of culture and the self. It then moves to a description of three experiences addressing young people and entailing the creation of digital artifacts through mobile devices. It also presents some results, exploring learners' and teachers' perspectives and showing how mobile devices serve as cultural resources that young people use for meaning making and transforming themselves. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research.
Designing Ambient Media
Authors: Mustaquim Moyen Mohammad
Published: September 2014

The philosophy of information is the area of research that studies conceptual issues arising at the intersection of computer science, information technology and philosophy. Universal design is a concept that emphasizes the importance of non-specialized features in things and environments. As ambient media is becoming more intelligent and the users are already across a larger part of the population, the path towards achieving universal design and change of attitude in the authors' minds is clear but requires that they think globally and frame the issues a little differently. This article aims to see universal design concept; its principles, uses, design processes, from a philosophical perspective in terms of ambient media design. Principles for designing intelligent user interface are derived from the universal design principles and a framework is proposed. The framework is then verified to see how optimally these intelligent user interface design principles can work to enhance ambient media experience. The paper concludes by arguing that the concept of universal design for ambient media development is not a style but an attitude of accepting the difference and responsibility of ours by proposing what needs to be done further for upholding the universal design concept of ambient media design.
Reconciling Social Media with Luxury Fashion Brands
Authors: Ozuem Wilson , Tan Kerri
Published: September 2014

Modern developments in communication media are creating new networks of information diffusion which are profoundly altering the way in which people can construct shared ‘realities'. Internet along with its prototypical subsets, notably social media, is enabling the emergence of new mechanism of human association which are shaped by – yet also shape – the development of this new medium of communication. This chapter integrates social media theory and luxury fashion brand theory arguments to examine the knowledge benefits that this cultural transformation provides to the development of a marketing communications programme. The authors argue that the key to providing an effective marketing communication programme is understanding and responding to customer expectations through the integration of social media platforms and traditional marketing communications media.
Screening of BC1F1 population (BG 379-2/ IR 07F102 // BG 379-2) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for submergence tolerance using molecular markers
Authors: Nawarathna RN , Perera ALT , Samarasinghe WLG
Published: September 2014

Rice is susceptible to submergence from germination to early vegetative stage and affects wetland paddy cultivation areas of Sri Lanka is affected by flash floods. There are no submergence tolerant varieties available locally. Therefore, this research was designed to evaluate the BC1F1 population (Bg 379-2/ IR 07F102 // Bg 379-2) morphologically for submergence tolerance and to select polymorphic molecular markers between the donor parents IR07F102 and recurrent parent, Bg 379-2, and to screen and select plants of the BC1F1 population for submergence tolerance using identified molecular markers. The 108 individuals of BC1F1 of rice were morphologically screened for plant lodging, leaf senescence and plant elongation and molecular screening was done by using 5 Rice microsatellites and 1 In Del marker. Out of those, molecular marker, RM464A for SUB1 gene conferring submergence tolerance, was used to screen the BC1F1 population. Five plants were selected as submergence tolerant individuals as they were positive in both morphological and molecular screening. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v9i3.7437 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, vol.9, no3: p.147-153
HLA-DR4–Associated T and B Cell Responses to Specific Determinants on the IA-2 Autoantigen in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: McLaughlin Kerry A. , Gulati Kavita , Richardson Carolyn C. , Morgan Diana , Bodansky H. Jonathan , Feltbower Richard G. , Christie Michael R.
Published: September 2014

Autoantibodies to IA-2 in type 1 diabetes are associated with HLA-DR4, suggesting influences of HLA-DR4–restricted T cells on IA-2–specific B cell responses. The aim of this study was to investigate possible T–B cell collaboration by determining whether autoantibodies to IA-2 epitopes are associated with T cell responses to IA-2 peptides presented by DR4. T cells secreting the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10 in response to seven peptides known to elicit T cell responses in type 1 diabetes were quantified by cytokine ELISPOT in HLA-typed patients characterized for Abs to IA-2 epitopes. T cell responses were detected to all peptides tested, but only IL-10 responses to 841–860 and 853–872 peptides were associated with DR4. Phenotyping by RT-PCR of FACS-sorted CD45ROhi T cells secreting IL-10 in response to these two peptides indicated that these expressed GATA-3 or T-bet, but not FOXP3, consistent with these being Th2 or Th1 memory T cells rather than of regulatory phenotype. T cell responses to the same two peptides were also associated with specific Abs: those to 841–860 peptide with Abs to juxtamembrane epitopes, which appear early in prediabetes, and those to peptide 853–872 with Abs to an epitope located in the 831–862 central region of the IA-2 tyrosine phosphatase domain. Abs to juxtamembrane and central region constructs were both DR4 associated. This study identifies a region of focus for B and T cell responses to IA-2 in HLA-DR4 diabetic patients that may explain HLA associations of IA-2 autoantibodies, and this region may provide a target for future immune intervention to prevent disease.
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Deficiency in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cho Young-Nan , Kee Seung-Jung , Kim Tae-Jong , Jin Hye Mi , Kim Moon-Ju , Jung Hyun-Ju , Park Ki-Jeong , Lee Sung-Ji , Lee Shin-Seok , Kwon Yong-Soo , Kee Hae Jin , Kim Nacksung , Park Yong-Wook
Published: September 2014

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections and play an important role in mucosal immunity. However, the role of MAIT cells remains enigmatic in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the level and function of MAIT cells in patients with rheumatic diseases. MAIT cell, cytokine, and programmed death-1 (PD-1) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were significantly reduced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis patients. In particular, this MAIT cell deficiency was more prominent in CD8+ and double-negative T cell subsets, and significantly correlated with disease activity, such as SLE disease activity index and 28-joint disease activity score. Interestingly, MAIT cell frequency was significantly correlated with NKT cell frequency in SLE patients. IFN-γ production in MAIT cells was impaired in SLE patients, which was due to an intrinsic defect in the Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT1 signaling pathway. In SLE patients, MAIT cells were poorly activated by α-galactosylceramide–stimulated NKT cells, thereby showing the dysfunction between MAIT cells and NKT cells. Notably, an elevated expression of PD-1 in MAIT cells and NKT cells was associated with SLE. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, MAIT cell levels were significantly higher in synovial fluid than in peripheral blood. Our study primarily demonstrates that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in SLE. In addition, we report a novel finding that this MAIT cell deficiency is associated with NKT cell deficiency and elevated PD-1 expression. These abnormalities possibly contribute to dysregulated mucosal immunity in SLE.
Immunophilins Control T Lymphocyte Adhesion and Migration by Regulating CrkII Binding to C3G
Authors: Nath Pulak Ranjan , Dong Guangyu , Braiman Alex , Isakov Noah
Published: September 2014

Crk adaptor proteins are key players in signal transduction from a variety of cell surface receptors. CrkI and CrkII, the two alternative spliced forms of CRK, possess an N-terminal Src homology 2 domain, followed by a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, whereas CrkII possesses in addition a C-terminal linker region plus a SH3 domain, which operate as regulatory moieties. In this study, we investigated the ability of immunophilins, which function as peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, to regulate Crk proteins in human T lymphocytes. We found that endogenous CrkII, but not CrkI, associates with the immunophilins, cyclophilin A, and 12-kDa FK506-binding protein, in resting human Jurkat T cells. In addition, cyclophilin A increased Crk SH3 domain–binding guanine-nucleotide releasing factor (C3G) binding to CrkII, whereas inhibitors of immunophilins, such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and FK506, inhibited CrkII, but not CrkI association with C3G. Expression in Jurkat T cells of phosphorylation indicator of Crk chimeric unit plasmid, a plasmid encoding the human CrkII1–236 sandwiched between cyan fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein, demonstrated a basal level of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which increased in response to cell treatment with CsA and FK506, reflecting increased trans-to-cis conversion of CrkII. Crk-C3G complexes are known to play an important role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration. We found that overexpression of CrkI or CrkII increased adhesion and migration of Jurkat T cells. However, immunophilin inhibitors suppressed the ability of CrkII- but not CrkI-overexpressing cells to adhere to fibronectin-coated surfaces and migrate toward the stromal cell-derived factor 1α chemokine. The present data demonstrate that immunophilins regulate CrkII, but not CrkI activity in T cells and suggest that CsA and FK506 inhibit selected effector T cell functions via a CrkII-dependent mechanism.
NFκB2/p100 Is a Key Factor for Endotoxin Tolerance in Human Monocytes: A Demonstration Using Primary Human Monocytes from Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Cubillos-Zapata Carolina , Hernández-Jiménez Enrique , Toledano Víctor , Esteban-Burgos Laura , Fernández-Ruíz Irene , Gómez-Piña Vanesa , del Fresno Carlos , Siliceo María , Prieto-Chinchiña Patricia , Pérez de Diego Rebeca , Boscá Lisardo , Fresno Manuel , Arnalich Francisco , López-Collazo Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a state of reduced responsiveness to endotoxin stimulation after a primary bacterial insult. This phenomenon has been described in several pathologies, including sepsis, in which an endotoxin challenge results in reduced cytokine production. In this study, we show that the NFκ L chain enhancer of activated B cells 2 (NFκB2)/p100 was overexpressed and accumulated in a well-established in vitro human monocyte model of ET. The p100 accumulation in these cells inversely correlated with the inflammatory response after LPS stimulation. Knocking down NFκB2/p100 using small interfering RNA in human monocytes further indicated that p100 expression is a crucial factor in the progression of ET. The monocytes derived from patients with sepsis had high levels of p100, and a downregulation of NFκB2/p100 in these septic monocytes reversed their ET status.
Patient experiences with oral mucositis caused by chemo-/radiotherapy: a critical qualitative literature review
Authors: Zanolin Daniela , Widmer Christine , Panfil Eva-Maria
Published: September 2014

Mucositis is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In order to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of tumor therapy-induced-oral mucositis, it was necessary to capture the patients’ perspective. Therefore the aim of this critical literature review was to explore the experience of patients with therapy-induced-oral mucositis. Searches were carried out using a systematic search strategy in CINAHL and Medline. Qualitative studies investigating the view of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and suffering from oral mucositis were included. Study selection and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Only two qualitative studies (n=28 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Oral mucositis caused by cancer therapy is associated with serious complications concerning pain, eating, swallowing, speaking, sadness, lack of energy, and distress. Mucositis was described as the worst side effect of cancer therapy. Providing patient-centered care requires understanding the experience and the needs of patients and their families. Mucositis is associated with complex physical, psychological and social consequences. Unfortunately, both studies were performed in different cultural backgrounds and health care systems, so the results cannot simply be transferred to German-speaking countries. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of living with mucositis.
Evaluation of the UCLA Department of Medicine Malawi Global Health Clinical Elective: Lessons from the First Five Years
Authors: Shull Hannah , Tymchuk Chris , Grogan Tristan , Hamilton John , Friedman Jodi , Hoffman Risa M.
Published: September 2014

In 2008, the UCLA Department of Medicine established a three-week clinical elective in Malawi, Africa, for Medicine and Medicine/Pediatrics residents. We sought to determine whether the elective resulted in improved medical knowledge, alterations in career trajectory, and whether the opportunity for the elective influenced selection of UCLA for residency. A 29-question survey was distributed to all graduates of the elective from 2009–2013. Surveys were distributed to 40 individuals, with 33 responses (82.5%). Thirty-one participants (93.9%) reported increased medical knowledge and 24 participants (72.7%) reported the rotation altered their career trajectory. Among the 23 residents who came to UCLA after the elective was established, 13 (56.5%) stated it had an influential role in their selection of UCLA for residency. The Malawi elective resulted in self-reported increases in medical knowledge, alterations in career trajectory, and has played an important role in attracting individuals to UCLA for residency.
Ionospheric shock waves triggered by rockets
Authors: Lin C. H. , Lin J. T. , Chen C. H. , Liu J. Y. , Sun Y. Y. , Kakinami Y. , Matsumura M. , Chen W. H. , Liu H. , Rau R. J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a two-dimensional structure of the shock wave signatures in ionospheric electron density resulting from a rocket transit using the rate of change of the total electron content (TEC) derived from ground-based GPS receivers around Japan and Taiwan for the first time. From the TEC maps constructed for the 2009 North Korea (NK) Taepodong-2 and 2013 South Korea (SK) Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II (KSLV-II) rocket launches, features of the V-shaped shock wave fronts in TEC perturbations are prominently seen. These fronts, with periods of 100–600 s, produced by the propulsive blasts of the rockets appear immediately and then propagate perpendicularly outward from the rocket trajectory with supersonic velocities between 800–1200 m s−1 for both events. Additionally, clear rocket exhaust depletions of TECs are seen along the trajectory and are deflected by the background thermospheric neutral wind. Twenty minutes after the rocket transits, delayed electron density perturbation waves propagating along the bow wave direction appear with phase velocities of 800–1200 m s−1. According to their propagation character, these delayed waves may be generated by rocket exhaust plumes at earlier rocket locations at lower altitudes.
OS NOIVOS de Alexandre Manzoni no Brasil
Authors: Castagnola Luigi
Published: September 2014

OS NOIVOS de Alexandre Manzoni no Brasil
LES GRANDS NEVROSES DE L'INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Ramos Jorge
Published: September 2014

LES GRANDS NEVROSES DEL'INTELLIGENCE
NOVAS NOTAS AO «GLOSSÁRIO LUSO ASIÀTICO»
Authors: Cunha A.G.
Published: September 2014

NOVAS NOTAS AO «GLOSSÁRIOLUSO ASIÀTICO»
A virgem e o Menino
Authors: Dallegrave Ângelo Antônio
Published: September 2014

poemas
Nomenclatura Gramatical
Authors: Mattoso Camara JR J.
Published: September 2014

Nomenclatura Gramatical
JEUX DE MOTS, CAUSES DE LÉGENDES
Authors: Deroy Louis
Published: September 2014

JEUX DE MOTS, CAUSES DE LÉGENDES
TRÊS ASPECTOS DA OBRA DE ANTENOR NASCENTES
Authors: HAMPEJS ZDENEK
Published: September 2014

TRÊS ASPECTOS DA OBRA DE ANTENOR NASCENTES
LA POESIA DE GABRIELA MISTRAL: "TALA"
Authors: Penuela Canizal Eduardo
Published: September 2014

LA POESIA DE GABRIELA MISTRAL: "TALA"
EL INFLUJO DE LA LENGUA PORTUGUESA SOBRE EL MALAYO
Authors: Bowles Robert
Published: September 2014

EL INFLUJO DE LA LENGUAPORTUGUESA SOBRE EL MALAYO
GÖNGORA ENTRE DOS CENTENARIOS (1927-1961)
Authors: Coronado Guillermo
Published: September 2014

Ofrecemos este trabajo, sin pretensiones,como homenaje de la Facultad de Filosofíade la Universidad del Paraná alpoeta Don Luis de Góngora y Argote enel 4.° Centenario de su nacimiento —(1561-1961)
PRIMEIRO MILÊNIO DA LÍNGUA ITALIANA (960-1960)
Authors: Castagnola Luigi
Published: September 2014

PRIMEIRO MILÊNIO DA LÍNGUA ITALIANA(960-1960)
RICORDO DI FRANCESCO STOBBIA
Authors: Castagnola Luigi
Published: September 2014

RICORDO DI FRANCESCO STOBBIA
O QUARTO CENTENÁRIO DO NASCIMENTO DE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Authors: Arns Otília
Published: September 2014

O QUARTO CENTENÁRIO DO NASCIMENTODE WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
SOBRE "PERIBÁÑEZ" DE LOPE DE VEGA
Authors: M. Rodrigues Valdemar
Published: September 2014

SOBRE "PERIBÁÑEZ" DE LOPE DE VEGA
INTRODUÇÃO A GARCIA MORENTE
Authors: DE LA CRUZ-CORONADO GUILLERMO
Published: September 2014

INTRODUÇÃO A GARCIA MORENTE
FRANCISCO MARINS ESCRITOR PARA GRANDES E PEQUENOS
Authors: Castagnola Luigi
Published: September 2014

FRANCISCO MARINSESCRITOR PARA GRANDES E PEQUENOS
O PENSAMENTO EXISTENCIAL DE HENRY DAVID THOREAU
Authors: Arns Heriberto
Published: September 2014

O PENSAMENTO EXISTENCIAL DE HENRY DAVID THOREAU
Poemas
Authors: Barreto Sá
Published: September 2014

poesia
MODERNISMO: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Ziomek Henryk
Published: September 2014

MODERNISMO: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
O HINO COSMOGÓNICO DO RIG-VEDA
Authors: BERTOLASO STELLA JORGE
Published: September 2014

O H I N O COSMOGÓNICO DO RIG-VEDA
JEAN ITIBERÉ (1870 - 1953) UM INFORMANTE
Authors: Lacerda Cassiana
Published: September 2014

JEAN ITIBERÉ(1870 - 1953)UM INFORMANTE
KARL NIEDERHUT - EIN BEITRAG ZUR DEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHEN LITERATUR
Authors: Bossmann REINALDO
Published: September 2014

KARL NIEDERHUT - EIN BEITRAG ZURDEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHEN LITERATUR
ASPECTOS DA VIDA DE GERHART HAUPTMANN
Authors: Bossmann Romanus Petra
Published: September 2014

Em comemoração ao seu vigésimo-quinto aniversário do falecimento.
ZUR DEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHEN MISCHSPRACHE
Authors: Bossmann Reinhold
Published: September 2014

ZUR DEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHENMISCHSPRACHE
UM INQUÉRITO LINGÜÍSTICO POR DENTRO
Authors: Pinheiro dos Reis Oswaldo
Published: September 2014

UM INQUÉRITO LINGÜÍSTICO POR DENTRO
Ensaio - L'ART DE L'ECRIVAIN DANS LE LIVRE V DE L'EMILLE
Authors: Launay Michel
Published: September 2014

L'ART DE L'ECRIVAIN DANS LE LIVRE V DE L'EMILLE
VIENTO Y RITMO POÉTICO "Baladas y Canciones del Paraná"
Authors: Soifer Miguelina
Published: September 2014

VIENTO Y RITMO POÉTICO"Baladas y Canciones del Paraná"
ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DO CONTO DE MACHADO DE ASSIS ANEDOTA PECUNIÁRIA
Authors: Nielba Turin Roti
Published: September 2014

ANÁLISE SEMIÓTICA DO CONTO DE MACHADO DE ASSISANEDOTA PECUNIÁRIA
Arte - MARIANO DE LIMA E O ENSINO DAS ARTES EM CURITIBA
Authors: Carneiro Newton
Published: September 2014

MARIANO DE LIMA E O ENSINO DAS ARTES EM CURITIBA
GUARAQUEÇABA, O COMANDANTE SLOCUM E A PROEZA DO BARCO "LIBERDADE"
Authors: Carneiro Newton
Published: September 2014

GUARAQUEÇABA, O COMANDANTE SLOCUM E A PROEZADO BARCO "LIBERDADE"
A POÉTICA DO MODERNISMO E SUA INSERÇÃO NO TEMPO PRESENTE
Authors: JOZEF BELLA
Published: September 2014

Este estudo, escrito por ocasião do centenário de Leopoldo Lugones, é uma leitura do modernismo hispano-americano diante da crítica contemporânea. Ele considera o romantismo como o primeiro movimento de ruptura da £rte moderna, uma problemática da linguagem, não mais da língua. "Diier'' o mundo, é "dizer" a linguagem.A característica principal dessa nova estética do modernismo ó o sincretismo (incorporação á expressão literária des procedimentos das outras artes e conciliação do tendências diversas). Dario, desenvolvendo o espaço da língua espanhola c um precursor da épcca atual e também Lugcncs ccm sua concepção da misüã.-j profética do poeta. Ele enriquece a realidade partindo do universo simbólico do |-'03,a- Ocb¡etivo dos modernistas foi a contemporancidade, nostalgia da unidade perdido.Renovando a concepção do poético o modernismo funda o autonomia literária da América Hispânica.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOCIAIS NA ESCOLHA DO PRONOME
Authors: BAMBER BRIAN
Published: September 2014

Este artigo faz considerações sobre a conservação de durs fo-mos da segunda pessoa do singular dos pronomes em algumas comunidades lingüisticas na Inglaterra, muito depois de um deles ter caído em desuso no inglês padrão. Ele mostra que cs falantes que aindj usam ambas as formas, tendem a usar ''you" e "thou" alternadamente de acordo com certo número de considerações sociais, que muitas vezes provam ser instintivas, mas que estabelecem com precisão as normas lingüísticas aplicáveisa qualquer situação dada. Esto artigo também discute a possibilidade de prog'nesticar a escolha do pronome com certo grau de precisão.
NOVAS CARTAS PORTUGUESAS E O PROCESSO DE CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DA MULHER-SÉCULO XX
Authors: NOVAES COELHO NELLY
Published: September 2014

Ao aparecer ncs anos que precederam, imediatamente, o 25 de abril de 1974, Novas cartas portuguosas provocou uma drástica reação oficial — apreensão dos livros e processo contra as autorss por desacato ao pudor e aos bons costumes. A obra, noentanto, acompanha a linha que se mantinha comprometida em denunciar a castração polo poder das forças creativas. Em Novas cartas portuguesas esta denúncia se mostra num amálgama do vivências e reflexões que embora irreverentes e desenvolto nalinguagem ultrapassa o "literário". Seu significado: interrogação existencial, relações homem/mulher e sobretudo a met:morfose da mulher no século XX, o seu domínio da vida intelectual consciente. Também a árdua luta para atingir valores que milhõesde mulheres ainda recusam po- medo da liberdade. Pois assumir a liberdade significa responsabilizarse o que para a mulher atual é conquistar-se o direito de atuar sobre o mundo novo que S2 está organizando Nesta descoberta ou reconhecimento dop óprio eu está um dos caminhos que levará a humanidade à descoberta do Mundo e da Vida.
KURT VONNEGUT, JR: A CIDADE ATRAVÉS DO ESPELHO
Authors: KERA STEVENS WINIFRED
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho foi planejado para ser um estudo básico e preliminar de Paralelismos entre duas obras intimamente relacionadas e, portanto, envolveu um esludo comparativo de dois textos:LEWIS CARROLL, No Fundo do Espelho e O que Lá Encontrou (em The AnnotatedAlice).KURT VONNEGUT, JR. Almoço de Campeões.
POESIA GAUCHESCA PLATINA: PERSPECTIVA NARRATIVA E IDEOLÓGICA
Authors: Teixeira de Oliveira Zokner Cecilia
Published: September 2014

Partindo de uma observação de Angel Rama foi constatado queem Los tres gauchos orientales de Lussich os narradores expressam na 1." pessoa plural um ideal político e na 1.' pessoa singular um lirismo subjetivo e fracassado. Ao contrário, o monólogo de Martin Fierro, na obra de Hernandez, que se inica com uma 1/ pessoa subjetiva e fracassada, ao usar a l . ' pessoa plural traduz uma conscientização a respeito das tradicionais posições da sociedade. Ao analisar esta mutação do narrador, a sua auto-definição como gaúcho versus os demais membros da sociedade, a sua posição na dicotomia resultante das forças que se lhe opõem, foi possível constatar, também, que não se trata de uma simples opção de perspectiva narrativa, uma vez quenelas estão contidas, emergentes, as posições ideológicas de um tipo social.
A EXPRESSÃO FALADA E ESCRITA NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Wouk Maria Das Dores
Published: September 2014

A autora focaliza a importância do aspecto áudio-oral no ensinodas línguas estrangeiras, contrariando a longa tradição de os professores tomarem como base de seu ensino unicamente a língua escrita e, particularmente, a literária.Justifica o seu ponto de vista com os princípios da Sociolingüística,já comprovados em muitas pesquisas, a qual considera os váriosníveis existentes no uso de qualquer língua de civilização, destacando a primazia da modalidade oral na comunicação diária.Daí a necessidade de o ensino nas escolas se voltar para a línguaoral, sem contudo relegar ao abandono a língua escrita, que manterá sempre o seu prestígio cultural. Importa, portanto, mudar os procedimentos didáticos, adaptando-os às novas necessidades dos que aprendem e aos objetivos visados. Obedecendo à ordem natural na aprendizagem — ouvir, falar, 1er e escrever — obviamente esse ensino deverá ser encetado no aspecto áudio-oral.Quanto ao momento em que deve ser abordada a fase escrita, aexperiência demonstra que ele depende de vários fatores, entre os quais figuram: a finalidade do ensino, o nível da classe, a idade dos alunos, o número de horas de ensino e os recursos técnicos disponíveis.No ensino da literatura, recomenda a adoção de textos de escritores contemporâneos, de maior interesse para os alunos do que os clássicos. Finalmente, frisa a exigência da boa formação didática do professor de línguas, fundamentada cientificamente na Lingüística e na Lingüística Aplicada.
O TEATRO ÉPICO DE BRECHT
Authors: Bossmann Reinaldo
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo descreve as etapas da vida de Brecht, as fasesde seu desenvolvimento e trabalho como escritor e teatrólogo, oferece o esquema de ambas as formas do teatro dramático e épico, e, finalmente, em linhas gerais, trata do efeito de distanciamento.
CORRESPONDÊNCIA INÉDITA DE NESTOR VICTOR DOS SANTOS A EMILIANO PERNETTA: 1911/1912
Authors: Lacerda Carollo Cassiana
Published: September 2014

Organização e Notas por Cassiana Lacerda Carollo
O PROSTÍBULO COMO TEMPLO DAS "CONDENADAS" SOBRE A TERRA
Authors: Ainsa Fernando
Published: September 2014

O autor analisa Sombras Sobre la Tierra, de Francisco Espinola, sobtiês aspectos: o órfão como rebelde agonico; a sinuosa linha do Bem e do Mal e õ eterno par do criminoso c a santa, e propõe como funções alegóricas: c prostíbulo como templo caseiro do órfão; o amor como transfiguração do pecado e os sonhos da violência como Juízo Final redentor.
POR UMA DEFINIÇÃO DE UM PONTO DE VISTA PERTINENTE E COERENTE NA ANÁLISE DO TEXTO LITERÁRIO
Authors: S. Nazario Helena
Published: September 2014

Este trabalho se propõe o exame dos estudos de estilo de L. Spitzer e E. Auerbach, da critica temática de J.P. Richard e J. Rousset e de certas proposições do estruturalismo, numa tentativa de busca de uma interpretação da obra literária orientada para a fusão de textos e contexto.