bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverse phenotypic measurements of wellbeing: Heritability, temporal stability and the variance explained by polygenic scores
Authors: Jamshidi Javad , Williams Leanne M. , Schofield Peter R. , Park Haeme R. P. , Montalto Arthur , Chilver Miranda R. , Bryant Richard A. , Toma Claudio , Fullerton Janice M. , Gatt Justine M.
Published: August 2020

Wellbeing, a key aspect of mental health, is moderately heritable with varying estimates reported from independent studies employing a variety of instruments. Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the construction of polygenic scores (PGS) for wellbeing, providing the opportunity for direct comparisons of the variance explained by PGS for different instruments commonly employed in the field. Nine wellbeing measurements (multi‐item and single‐item), two personality domains (NEO‐FFI neuroticism and extraversion), plus the depression domain of the DASS‐42 were drawn from a larger self‐report battery applied to the TWIN‐E study—an Australian longitudinal twin cohort (N = 1660). Heritability was estimated using univariate twin modeling and 12‐month test–retest reliability was estimated using intra‐class correlation. PGS were constructed using wellbeing GWAS summary‐statistics from Baselmans et al. (Nat Genet. 2019), and the variance explained estimated using linear models. Last, a GWAS was performed using COMPAS‐W, a quantitative composite wellbeing measure, to explore its utility in genomic studies. Heritability estimates ranged from 23% to 47% across instruments, and multi‐item measures showed higher heritability and test–retest reliability than single‐item measures. The variance explained by PGS was ~0.5% to 1.5%, with considerable variation between measures, and within each measure over 12 months. Five loci with suggestive association (p < 1 × 10−5) were identified from this initial COMPAS‐W wellbeing GWAS. This work highlights the variability across measures currently employed in wellbeing research, with multi‐item and composite measures favored over single‐item measures. While wellbeing PGS are useful in a research setting, they explain little of the phenotypic variance, highlighting gaps for improved gene discovery.
Microalgal biofuels in China: The past, progress and prospects
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Xinyang , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2020

Global efforts to develop renewable energy include a focus on biofuels, especially algal‐based biofuels. As the world's largest developing country, China is striving to develop a range of renewable energy sources. Here, we performed an informatics analysis to monitor the development of microalgal biofuels in China by analyzing energy policies related to microalgal biomass and biofuel production and funding inputs and scientific research projects in this field. China has already made substantial contributions to the microalgal biofuel industry worldwide. Despite recent declines in research and investment due to the overall economic environment, microalgal energy research and applications technologies have tremendous prospects. We summarize progress in research on microalgal biomass and biofuel production, focusing on microalgal culture patterns and the production of energy, including efforts in China to promote the industrialization of microalgal biofuels. Finally, we explore possible solutions to bottlenecks that must be overcome before microalgal biofuels can be widely used and discuss future prospects. In addition to serving as a theoretical reference for researchers and decision makers in China and beyond, the information presented in this review article can be used to guide the industrialization of microalgal‐based biofuel production.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) of the anorectum: evaluation of clinicopathological associations and the utility of a novel RNA in‐situ hybridisation stain
Authors: Waters Kevin M , Cox Brian K , Wong Mary T , Guindi Maha , Kim Stacey A , Larson Brent K , Morgan Margie , Voltaggio Lysandra , Balzer Bonnie L
Published: August 2020

Aims

Recent studies from multiple global regions have reported a resurgence of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) proctitis, which is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). LGV proctitis is histologically indistinguishable from other forms of sexually transmitted proctitis and is difficult to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease. While immunohistochemical stains are available for syphilis, there is no commonly available stain for the tissue identification of CT.

Materials and methods

From 200 positive CT nucleic acid tests (NAT) from anorectal swabs, we identified 12 patients with biopsies collected from the distal colorectum or anus within 90 days of the positive NAT. We collected basic demographic information and tabulated clinical and histological findings. We examined the performance of a novel RNA in‐situ hybridisation (ISH) stain targeting CT 23s rRNA on these 12 cases and 10 controls from the anorectum.

Results

All 12 patients were male; nine were HIV+, two had concurrent gonococcal infection, one had concurrent syphilis and one had cytomegalovirus co‐infection. The majority of biopsies (11 of 12) showed mild or moderate acute inflammation, had a prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (eight of 11) and lacked marked crypt distortion (10 of 10). The RNA ISH stain was positive in 10 of 12 cases (sensitivity 83%). One case showed equivocal staining. No controls showed definitive positive staining (specificity 100%). One had equivocal staining.

Conclusion

Our series showed that anorectal LGV had similar histological findings to those of prior STI proctitis series predominantly comprised of syphilis. The novel RNA ISH stain was sensitive and specific and may show utility in differentiating types of STI proctitis.
A “Western Diet” promotes symptoms of hepatic steatosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Cartland Siân P , Tamer Nicole , Patil Manisha S , Di Bartolo Belinda A , Kavurma Mary M
Published: August 2020

Systemic hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension also associates with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is becoming common due to a modern diet and lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a high‐fat "Western" diet had effects on hypertension and associated NAFLD. Normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were placed on a normal chow or high‐fat diet for 8 weeks; blood pressure was measured fortnightly and body weight recorded weekly. As expected, SHR had elevated blood pressure compared to WKY. Diet did not influence blood pressure. Compared to SHR, WKY rats gained more weight, associating with increased white adipose tissue weight. Normotensive rats also had higher plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in response to a “Western” diet, with no changes in plasma glucose levels. Neither strain developed atherosclerosis. Interestingly, high‐fat diet‐fed SHR had increased liver weight, associating with a significant level of hepatic lipid accumulation not observed in WKY. Further, they exhibited hepatocellular ballooning and increased hepatic inflammation, indicative of steatohepatitis. These findings suggest that a high‐fat “Western” diet promotes features of NAFLD in SHR, but not WKY rats. Importantly, the high‐fat diet had no effect on blood pressure.
Aging behavior of Y‐TZP with bioglass addition and its impact on the flexural strength and osteoblastic cell response
Authors: Soubelet Clara G. , Albano María P. , Zuardi Leonardo Raphael , Secco Martorano Antonio , de Castro‐Raucci Larissa Moreira Spinola , Tambasco de Oliveira Paulo
Published: August 2020

Y‐TZP containing Ca2P2O7 are promising bioceramics with potential applications in dental implants and dentistry. These ceramics were developed by the introduction of a refractory sol‐gel derived CaO‐P2O5‐SiO2 bioglass into Y‐TZP; Ca2P2O7, and ZrSiO4 phases were formed in situ after sintering. The aging process of Y‐TZP with different glass additions was studied. The effect of glass addition on the flexural strength and osteoblastic cell response of non‐aged and aged Y‐TZP was investigated. Y‐TZP exhibited the most pronounced tetragonal (t) to monoclinic (m) transformation of zirconia (ZrO2) during aging; the addition of glass contents between 5 and 20 vol% improved the aging resistant of Y‐TZP. Y‐TZP flexural strength markedly decreased with increasing aging time; in contrast, the ceramics with glass did not alter their flexural strength upon aging. An increase in the Ca2P2O7 content with increasing glass up to 10 vol%, promoted both the cell viability and the osteogenic differentiation of UMR‐106 cells on non‐aged and aged samples. The high micro‐roughness of Y‐TZP with 20 vol% glass after aging, limited the proliferation and the osteogenic potential of the cultures. Y‐TZP with 10 vol% glass had the best combination of properties in terms of flexural strength and osteoblast cell response.
Cold atmospheric pressure (physical) plasma in dermatology: where are we today?
Authors: Friedman Peter C.
Published: August 2020

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma is physical plasma (essentially ionized gas) created at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and it has complex effects on cells, tissues, and living organisms. These effects are studied extensively for medical and dermatological use. This article reviews current achievements and new trends in clinical dermatological cold plasma research, discusses the basics of plasma physics and plasma engineering, and describes the most important areas of laboratory plasma research to provide a well‐rounded understanding of the nature, present applications, and future promise of this exciting, emerging technology.
Comparison of γ‐aminobutyric acid accumulation capability in different mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties under heat and relative humidity treatment, and its correlation with endogenous amino acids and polyamines
Authors: Ma Yuling , Tong Litao , Li Juan , Ashraf Jawad , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Bo , Liu Liya , Blecker Christophe , Zhou Sumei
Published: August 2020

In this study, the accumulation of GABA and its inherent factors across different varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to heat and relative humidity (HRH) were investigated. Results showed the average GABA content in mung bean varieties was increased 7.52 times following HRH treatment, and the black mung bean variety (A8) exhibited the highest GABA accumulation capability (1.76–84.57 mg per 100 g DW). From the perspective of GABA shunt metabolites, the free glutamic acid content of mung beans significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment and presented a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content. In polyamine degradation pathway, although the average levels of spermine and spermidine of mung bean varieties significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment, no significant correlation with GABA content was identified. Hence, the GABA accumulation was predominantly attributed to GABA shunt. Besides, free amino acids including glutamic acid, serine, ornithine, arginine and glycine in mung beans showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content and increment following HRH treatment, which suggested that mung beans enriched in these free amino acids might accumulate higher amounts of GABA after HRH treatment and be useful for industrial applications.
Japanese Sociology in a Global Network. Internationalization, Disciplinary Development, and Minority Integration in the Road Ahead
Authors: Au Anson
Published: August 2020

The dual trajectories of Japanese sociology and Japan itself are poised at a watershed moment in their shared history. In recent years, Japanese sociology has enlarged its international presence in unprecedented fashion and the Tokyo Olympics have positioned the global spotlight on the entire nation of Japan, making it an opportune moment to reflect on the future of Japanese sociology in connection to Japanese society by way of internationalization. This article draws on the author's reflections on the latest 92nd Japan Sociological Society Annual Conference in the context of recent socio‐structural and intellectual transformations in counterpart sociological cultures in Anglo‐America. Drawing on three theorizations of disciplinary development by Abbott, Connell, and Burawoy, this article articulates two dimensions (socio‐structural and intellectual) with which to examine (i) what Japanese sociology can contribute to improve the internationalization decolonization, and pluralization of global sociology; and (ii) what global sociology can do to advance Japanese sociology's public contribution to improving and preserving LGBTQ minorities' societal well‐being.
Use of advertising strategies to target children in sugar‐sweetened beverages packaging in Mexico and the nutritional quality of those beverages
Authors: Cruz‐Casarrubias Carlos , Tolentino‐Mayo Lizbeth , Nieto Claudia , Théodore Florence L. , Monterrubio‐Flores Eric
Published: August 2020

Background

A product package can be a powerful marketing tool to persuade and attract consumers at the point‐of‐sale. Evidence shows that most advertised products have low nutritional quality. Currently, Mexico has incorporated advertising regulations on food and beverage packaging.

Objectives

To analyze the advertising strategies used to target children on packaging and to assess the nutritional quality of sugar‐sweetened beverages available in the Mexican market.

Methods

Photographs of 2380 beverages available in retail stores in Mexico City from January to March 2017 were analyzed. Beverages were classified as displaying child‐directed strategies or nondirected strategies. Nutrition quality was evaluated using the Pan American Health Organization nutrient profile model.

Results

The use of characters was the most frequent strategy among beverages with child‐directed strategies (82.0%). The evaluation of nutrition quality found that 88.0% (P < .001) of sugar‐sweetened beverages with child‐directed strategies were excessive in free sugars and 56.9% (P < .001) contained other sweeteners. Beverages with more than two advertising strategies have the highest proportion of excessive free sugars (93.4%, 95% CI 82.8‐98.6).

Conclusions

The use of characters and other visual strategies were frequently used in the packaging of sugar‐sweetened beverages with child‐directed strategies. In addition, these beverages are excessive in free sugars and contain a large number of products with other sweeteners.
Patient experiences of pharmacist independent prescriber-led post-myocardial infarction left ventricular systolic dysfunction clinics
Authors: Speirits Iain A , Boyter Anne C , Dunlop Emma , Gray Kimberly , Moir Lynsey , Forsyth Paul
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is common following myocardial infarction (MI). Pharmacological management of secondary prevention is known to be sub-optimal. Integration of pharmacists into clinical teams improves prescribing and quantitative outcomes. Few data have been published on patient views of pharmacist input. We aimed to explore patient experiences of attending a dedicated pharmacist independent prescriber (PIP)-led clinic.

Methods

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Participants were aged ≥18 years with new incident MI and echocardiographically confirmed LVSD. Patients were recruited from three pharmacist-led clinics at point of clinic discharge. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was undertaken.

Key findings

Twelve patients were recruited, median age 67.5 years and ten male. Six core themes were identified: multidisciplinary working; satisfaction; confidence in the pharmacist; comparative care; prescribing behaviours; and monitoring. Pharmacist clinics complemented other established post-MI services, and participants perceived benefits obtained through effective inter-professional working. Participants welcomed dedicated appointment time, the opportunity to ask questions and address problems. Pharmacist explanations of condition and medicines, prescribing at the point of care and monitoring were beneficial and reduced patient stress.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that a PIP-led post-MI LVSD clinic delivers a positive initial patient experience. More research is needed to understand the longer-term patient experiences, the impact of such models on medication taking behaviours and the experiences of carers and other members of the multidisciplinary team.
Empowering refugees and asylum seekers in the Italian agriculture sector by linking social cooperative entrepreneurship and social work practices
Authors: Lintner Claudia , Elsen Susanne
Published: August 2020

The present study investigated the potential of social cooperative activities and social work practices in the Italian agriculture sector in promoting sustainable integration forms for refugees and asylum seekers. The study adopted a qualitative approach using case study as the main research method. As the results show, the complexity and diversity of needs of refugees and asylum seekers make collaboration between formal and informal actors increasingly necessary for generating a common knowledge and support networks. The article argues that integrated approaches to refugees’ socio‐economic integration are needed to free them from the need for assistance and thereby help them regain their autonomy. The case study presented gives insight into the potential of small‐step experiences towards sustainable development and, linked to this, the integration of refugees and asylum seekers based on self‐organisation and cooperation, considering the well‐being of all citizens in the broader context.
Partial nephrectomy preserves renal function without increasing the risk of complications compared with radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinomas of stages pT2–3a
Authors: Mühlbauer Julia , Kowalewski Karl‐Friedrich , Walach Margarete T , Porubsky Stefan , Wessels Frederik , Nuhn Philipp , Wagener Nina , Kriegmair Maximilian C
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To compare the operative and functional result of partial and radical nephrectomy in renal cell carcinomas of stages pT2–3a.

Methods

Consecutive patients with renal cell carcinoma of stages pT2–3a, cN0 and cM0, who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2005 and October 2019 at a tertiary care center were included. Data were collected retrospectively. End‐points included severe postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo classification ≥3), acute and chronic renal function impairment, and overall survival. Uni‐ and multivariable outcome analyses were based on logistic regression.

Results

A total of 158 patients were included (110 radical nephrectomy and 48 partial nephrectomy). Over time, partial nephrectomy was increasingly used. A RENAL score ≥10 was the only independent predictor influencing the surgical approach (radical nephrectomy vs partial nephrectomy, odds ratio 8.62, 95% confidence interval 3.32–22.37, P < 0.001). No significant differences in complications for radical nephrectomy versus partial nephrectomy were found (12.7% vs 8.3%, P = 0.424). Renal function was better preserved in the partial nephrectomy group (the latest chronic kidney disease stage ≥3: radical nephrectomy 73% vs partial nephrectomy 41%, P = 0.005). The surgical approach was a significant factor for chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 51.07, 95% confidence interval 3.57–730.59, P = 0.004). Overall survival did not significantly differ between radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy (mean overall survival 85.86 months, 95% confidence interval 3.83–78.36 vs 81.28 months, 95% confidence interval 4.59–72.29, P = 0.702).

Conclusions

In selected patients, partial nephrectomy can be used in large or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Compared with radical nephrectomy, it allows better preservation of renal function without harboring an increased risk of severe postoperative complications.
Outcomes and anticoagulation use for elderly patients that present with an acute hip fracture: multi‐centre, retrospective analysis
Authors: Creeper Katherine , Stafford Andrew , Reynolds Sophie , Samida Sapna , P'Ng Stephanie , Glennon Denise , Seymour Hannah , Grove Carolyn
Published: August 2020

Background

Hip fractures are a common problem and corrective surgery is recommended within 24 h. However, most peri‐operative direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) guidelines suggest a washout period of 48 h before major surgery. There are limited data on utility of drug levels.

Aim

To investigate the effect of DOAC therapy on time to surgery and patient outcomes, and to explore the impact of different pre‐operative protocols on surgical delay.

Methods

A multi‐centre, retrospective analysis of all adult patients that presented with acute hip fracture at three tertiary hospitals in Perth, Western Australia, was performed. Data were collated from the West Australian hip fracture registry and electronic records. Time to theatre, DOAC levels, bleeding and transfusion rates were compared between sites.

Results

Of 1240 hip fracture patients, 146 (11.9%) were on anticoagulation, with more patients taking a DOAC than warfarin. The time to surgery was significantly longer for those on a DOAC compared with those on warfarin (P = 0.003). There was no difference in bleeding, transfusion requirement or 30‐day mortality in patients taking a DOAC compared to those on warfarin. Fifty‐eight (70.7%) patients had a DOAC level prior to surgery. Of 25 patients who had a level performed within 12 h of presentation, 13 (52%) had a result of ≤50 ng/mL. Outcomes were similar between sites.

Conclusion

People on DOAC treatment had a significant delay before corrective surgery compared with those on warfarin. The frequent finding of early DOAC levels <50 ng/mL suggests this delay may be unnecessary in a significant proportion of patients.
Critical peptic ulcer bleeding requiring massive blood transfusion: outcomes of 270 cases
Authors: Ket Shara N. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , McQuilten Zoe K. , Gibson Peter R. , Brown Gregor J. , Wood Erica M.
Published: August 2020

Background

Critical peptic ulcer bleeding requiring massive transfusion is a gastroenterological emergency. Few data exist on management and outcomes. The Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry collects comprehensive data on adult patients receiving massive transfusion across all bleeding contexts.

Aim

To evaluate clinical factors, management (procedural interventions, transfusions) and outcomes after massive transfusion for critical peptic ulcer bleeding.

Method

Demographics, diagnosis, procedures and mortality data were available for 5482 massive transfusion cases from 23 hospitals. International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition, Australian Modification codes were used to determine peptic ulcer bleeding and the Australian Classification of Health Intervention for interventions (i.e. endoscopic, radiological, surgical).

Results

Peptic ulcer bleeding accounted for 270 (4.9%) of all in‐hospital massive transfusion cases; 70% were male. Median number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused was 7 (interquartile range, 6–10). Thirty‐day mortality was 19.6%. Age (75 vs 67 years; P = 0.009) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (3 vs 1; P < 0.001) were higher in those who died. Highest 24‐h international normalised ratio (1.5 vs 1.4; P < 0.001) and creatinine (118 μmol/L vs 96 μmol/L; P = 0.03) and nadir platelet count (86 × 109/L vs 118 × 109/L; P = 0.01) were also associated with 30‐day mortality. There were no differences in mortality according to number of RBC, platelets or plasma units transfused, gastroscopy (with or without intervention), interventional radiology or surgery.

Conclusion

One in five patients with critical peptic ulcer bleeding requiring massive transfusion died by 30 days. Mortality was associated with patient characteristics rather than clinical interventions (e.g. procedures, blood product transfusion).
Practical approach to vertigo: a synthesis of the emerging evidence
Authors: Rivlin Warwick , Habershon Courtney , Tsang Benjamin K.‐T. , Kaski Diego
Published: August 2020

Vestibular presentations are common in both the acute and recurrent setting, burdening emergency departments and community clinics alike. Commonly, an unease among the emergency or general physician is felt, and historically focus has been on gaining knowledge of each potential disease rather than honing the diagnostic process. Consequently, this paper focuses on the approach itself, helping to categorise this common complaint into one of four main syndromes: the Acute Vestibular Syndrome, Recurrent Positional Vertigo, Recurrent Spontaneous Vertigo, and Imbalance. Its simplicity is aimed to minimise uncertainty and highlight clear scenarios when to refer. Together with descriptions of the clinically relevant pathophysiology, the reader should approach the vertiginous patient with a new clarity.
Inactivated pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus human vaccines have different efficacy after homologous challenge in the ferret model
Authors: Vidaña Beatriz , Brookes Sharon M. , Everett Helen E. , Garcon Fanny , Nuñez Alejandro , Engelhardt Othmar , Major Diane , Hoschler Katja , Brown Ian H. , Zambon Maria
Published: August 2020

Background

The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (A(H1N1)pdm09) influenza A virus (IAV) has replaced the previous seasonal H1N1 strain in humans and continues to circulate worldwide. The comparative performance of inactivated A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccines remains of considerable interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two licensed A(H1N1)pdm09 inactivated vaccines (AS03B adjuvanted split virion Pandemrix from GlaxoSmithKline and referred here as (V1) and non‐adjuvanted whole virion Celvapan from Baxter and referred here as (V2)) in ferrets as a pre‐clinical model for human disease intervention.

Methods

Naïve ferrets were divided into two groups (V1 and V2) and immunised intramuscularly with two different A/California/07/2009‐derived inactivated vaccines, V1 administered in a single dose and V2 administered in 2 doses separated by 21 days. Six weeks after the first immunisation, vaccinated animals and a non‐vaccinated control (NVC) group were intra‐nasally challenged with 106.5 TCID50 of the isolate A/England/195/2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 with 99.1% amino acid identity to the vaccine strain. Clinical signs, lung histopathology, viral quantification and antibody responses were evaluated.

Results and Conclusions

Results revealed important qualitative differences in the performance of both inactivated vaccines in relation to protection against challenge with a comparable virus in a naive animal (ferret) model of human disease. Vaccine V1 limited and controlled viral shedding and reduced lower respiratory tract infection. In contrast, vaccine V2 did not control infection and animals showed sustained viral shedding and delayed lower respiratory infection, resulting in pulmonary lesions, suggesting lower efficacy of V2 vaccine.
A simheuristic algorithm for the stochastic permutation flow‐shop problem with delivery dates and cumulative payoffs
Authors: Villarinho Pedro A. , Panadero Javier , Pessoa Luciana S. , Juan Angel A. , Oliveira Fernando L. Cyrino
Published: August 2020

This paper analyzes the permutation flow‐shop problem with delivery dates and cumulative payoffs (whenever these dates are met) under uncertainty conditions. In particular, the paper considers the realistic situation in which processing times are stochastic. The main goal is to find the permutation of jobs that maximizes the expected payoff. In order to achieve this goal, the paper first proposes a biased‐randomized heuristic for the deterministic version of the problem. Then, this heuristic is extended into a metaheuristic by encapsulating it into a variable neighborhood descent framework. Finally, the metaheuristic is extended into a simheuristic by incorporating Monte Carlo simulations. According to the computational experiments, the level of uncertainty has a direct impact on the solutions provided by the simheuristic. Moreover, a risk analysis is performed using two well‐known metrics: the value‐at‐risk and conditional value‐at‐risk.
Ultralow dielectric loss in Y‐doped SrTiO3 colossal permittivity ceramics via designing defect chemistry
Authors: Wang Bo , Pu Yongping , Shi Yu , Guo Xu , Zhang Lei , Chang Liangliang , Li Jingwei , Li Run , Ji Jiamin , Wei Tianchen
Published: August 2020

Effects of doping of Y and sintering atmosphere on the dielectric properties of Sr1‐1.5xYxTiO3 ceramics (SYT, x = 0‐0.014) were systematically investigated. The SYT14 (x = 0.014) ceramic sintered in N2 attains a colossal permittivity (CP, Ɛr = 28 084@ 1kHz, 27 685@ 2MHz) and an ultralow dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.007@ 1kHz, 0.003@ 2MHz) at room temperature. Because of using of the A‐site deficient, there are in SYT ceramics. Through the comprehensive analysis of dielectric responses, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and complex impedance data, it is proved that doping of Y promotes the formation of (Y3+ are located at Sr2+ site), (Y3+ are located at Ti4+ site), and Ti3+, and sintering in reducing atmosphere of N2 results in more (oxygen vacancy) and (strontium vacancy) generating in SYT ceramics. The defect dipoles, , , , , , and formed by introduced defects make charge carriers localized in SYT ceramics. The combined action of the massive defect dipoles is responsible for the ultralow tanδ and CP in SYT14 ceramics sintered in N2.
Genomic prediction of growth traits for pigs in the presence of genotype by environment interactions using single‐step genomic reaction norm model
Authors: Song Hailiang , Zhang Qin , Misztal Ignacy , Ding Xiangdong
Published: August 2020

Economically important traits are usually complex traits influenced by genes, environment and genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions. Ignoring G × E interaction could lead to bias in the estimation of breeding values and selection decisions. A total of 1,778 pigs were genotyped using the PorcineSNP80 BeadChip. The existence of G × E interactions was investigated using a single‐step reaction norm model for growth traits of days to 100 kg (AGE) and backfat thickness adjusted to 100 kg (BFT), based on a pedigree‐based relationship matrix (A) or a genomic–pedigree joint relationship matrix (H). In the reaction norm model, the herd‐year‐season effect was measured as the environmental variable (EV). Our results showed no G × E interactions for AGE, but for BFT. For both AGE and BFT, the genomic reaction norm model (H) produced more accurate predictions than the conventional reaction norm model (A). For BFT, the accuracies were greater based on the reaction norm model than those based on the reduced model without exploiting G × E interaction, with EV ranging from 0.5 to 1, and accuracy increasing by 3.9% and 4.6% in the reaction norm model based on A and H matrices, respectively, while reaction norm model yielded approximately 8.4% and 7.9% lower accuracy for EVs ranging from 0 to 0.4, based on A and H matrices, respectively. In addition, for BFT, the highest accuracy was obtained in the BJLM6 farm for realizing directional selection. This study will help to apply G × E interactions to practical genomic selection.
Successful integration of a three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography‐derived model with an electroanatomic mapping system to guide catheter ablation of WPW
Authors: Janson Christopher M. , Nam Hannah H. , Herz Christian , Lasso Andras , Cianciulli Alana , Jolley Matthew A.
Published: August 2020

Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DE)‐derived heart models have not previously been utilized to guide catheter ablation. In this case report, we describe the creation of a 3DE model from transthoracic echocardiography, import of the model into CARTO3, and successful use of the model as a guide during mapping and ablation of a right lateral accessory pathway. We believe this technique represents a valuable alternative to the integration of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging‐derived anatomic data, and that it has the potential to improve the definition of the atrioventricular valve annuli during catheter ablation of accessory pathways.
Ventricular asystole in the presence of a biventricular device
Authors: Karki Roshan , Lloyd James , Mulpuru Siva K. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , DeSimone Christopher V.
Published: August 2020

In pacemaker‐dependent patients with a newly implanted cardiac device, acute lead dislodgement constitutes one of the most common causes of loss of capture and ventricular asystole. In a biventricular system, it would be expected that such a potentially catastrophic event would be prevented with back‐up right ventricular pacing unless both leads dislodge.
Factors associated with silent cerebral events during atrial fibrillation ablation in patients on uninterrupted oral anticoagulation
Authors: Harada Masahide , Motoike Yuji , Nomura Yoshihiro , Nishimura Asuka , Koshikawa Masayuki , Murayama Kazuhiro , Ohno Yoshiharu , Watanabe Eiichi , Ozaki Yukio , Izawa Hideo
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Silent cerebral events (SCEs) are related to the potential thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Periprocedural uninterrupted oral anticoagulation (OAC) reportedly reduced the risk of SCEs, but the incidence still remains.

Methods and Results

AF patients undergoing catheter ablation were eligible. All patients took non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs; n = 248) or vitamin K antagonist (VKA; n = 37) for periprocedural OAC (>4 weeks) without interruption during the procedure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 2 days after the procedure to detect SCEs. Clinical characteristics and procedure‐related parameters were compared between patients with and without SCEs. SCEs were detected in 66 patients (23.1%; SCE[+]) but were not detected in 219 patients (SCE[−]). Age was higher in SCE[+] than in SCE[−] (66 ± 10 vs. 62 ± 12 years; p < .05). Persistent AF prevalence, CHADS2/CHA2DS2‐VASc scores, serum NT‐ProBNP levels, left atrial dimension (LAD), and spontaneous echo contrast prevalence in transesophageal echocardiography significantly increased in SCE[+] versus SCE[−]. SCE[+] had lower baseline activated clotting time (ACT) before heparin injection and longer time to reach optimal ACT (>300 s) than SCE[−] (146 ± 27 vs. 156 ± 29 s and 44 ± 30 vs. 35 ± 25 min; p < .05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, age, LAD, baseline ACT, and time to reach the optimal ACT were predictors for SCEs. The average values of the ACT parameters were significantly different among NOACs/VKA.

Conclusion

Age, LAD, and intraprocedural ACT kinetics significantly affect SCEs during AF ablation. Different anticoagulants have different impacts on ACT during the procedure, which should be considered when estimating the risk of SCEs.
Tacrolimus ameliorates tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting the NFATc1/TRPC6 pathway
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Wang Huafen , Liu Yifei , Yang Wenxia , Liu Jialu , Han Yuzhang , Liu Yu , Liu Fuyou , Sun Lin , Xiao Li
Published: August 2020

Tubulointerstitial inflammation is crucial for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and tubular cells act as a driving force in the inflammatory cascade. Emerging data suggested that tacrolimus (TAC) ameliorates podocyte injury and macrophage infiltration in streptozotocin (STZ) mice. However, the effect of TAC on tubulointerstitial inflammation remains unknown. We found that albuminuria and tubulointerstitial damage improved in db/db mice treated with TAC. Macrophage infiltration and expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, fibronectin, collagen 1 and cleaved caspase 3 were inhibited as well. In addition, the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFATc1) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) was up‐regulated in the kidneys of DN patients and correlated with tubular injury and inflammation. The expression of NFATc1 and TRPC6 also increased in the kidneys of db/db mice and HK‐2 cells with high glucose (HG), while TAC inhibited these effects. HG‐induced inflammatory markers and apoptosis were reversed by TAC and NFATc1 siRNA in HK‐2 cells, which was abolished by TRPC6 plasmid. Furthermore, HG‐induced TRPC6 expression was inhibited by NFATc1 siRNA, while NFATc1 nuclear translocation was inhibited by TAC, but was restored by TRPC6 plasmid in HK‐2 cells under HG conditions. These findings suggest that TAC ameliorates tubulointerstitial inflammation in DN through NFATc1/TRPC6 feedback loop.
Evidence of mesenchymal stromal cell adaptation to local microenvironment following subcutaneous transplantation
Authors: Preda Mihai Bogdan , Lupan Ana‐Mihaela , Neculachi Carmen Alexandra , Leti Livia Ioana , Fenyo Ioana Madalina , Popescu Sinziana , Rusu Evelyn Gabriela , Marinescu Catalina Iolanda , Simionescu Maya , Burlacu Alexandrina
Published: August 2020

Subcutaneous transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) emerged as an alternative to intravenous administration because it avoids the pulmonary embolism and prolongs post‐transplantation lifetime. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which these cells could affect remote organs. To this aim, murine bone marrow–derived MSC were subcutaneously transplanted in different anatomical regions and the survival and behaviour have been followed. The results showed that upon subcutaneous transplantation in mice, MSC formed multicellular aggregates and did not migrate significantly from the site of injection. Our data suggest an important role of hypoxia‐inducible signalling pathways in stimulating local angiogenesis and the ensuing modulation of the kinetics of circulating cytokines with putative protective effects at distant sites. These data expand the current understanding of cell behaviour after subcutaneous transplantation and contribute to the development of a non‐invasive cell‐based therapy for distant organ protection.
Modification of reproductive schedule in response to pathogen exposure in a wild insect: Support for the terminal investment hypothesis
Authors: Zurowski Kari , Janmaat Alida F. , Kabaluk Todd , Cory Jenny S.
Published: August 2020

Trade‐offs in the time and energy allocated to different functions, such as reproductive activities, can be driven by alterations in condition which reduce resources, often in response to extrinsic factors such as pathogens or parasites. When individuals are challenged by a pathogen, they may either reduce reproduction as a cost of increasing defence mechanisms or, alternatively, modify reproductive activities so as to increase fecundity thereby minimizing the fitness costs of earlier death, a behaviour consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis (TIH). The TIH predicts that individuals with decreased likelihood of future reproduction will maximize current reproductive effort, which may include shifts in reproductive timing. We examined how wild, adult female click beetles (Agriotes obscurus) responded after exposure to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum. Field‐collected beetles exposed to a high concentration of M. brunneum died earlier and in greater numbers than those exposed to a low concentration. Using a multivariate approach, we examined the impact of pathogen challenge on lifespan and a suite of reproductive traits. Stepdown regression analysis showed that only female lifespan differed among the fungal treatments. Fungal‐induced reductions in lifespan drove changes in the reproductive schedule, characterized by a decrease in preoviposition period. Moving the start of egg laying forward allowed the females to offset the costs of a shortened lifespan. These changes suggest that there is a threshold for terminal investment, which is dependent on strength of the survival threat. From an applied perspective, our findings imply that exposing adult click beetles to M. brunneum to reduce their population density might not succeed and is an approach that needs further investigation.
DSDapp use for multidisciplinary esthetic planning
Authors: do Vale Voigt Mateus , Espíndola‐Castro Luís Felipe , de Melo Monteiro Gabriela Queiroz , Ortigoza Leonardo Santiago , dos Santos Torreão Adilson , Georg Ralph
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Digital smile design (DSD) is useful in planning multidisciplinary esthetic treatments. However, DSD requires clinician training and skill to ensure its effective use. The Digital smile design application (DSDapp) was recently developed, to facilitate such planning. The objective of this study was to illustrate the use of the DSDapp for esthetic planning in a clinical case that included periodontal plastic surgery and ceramic laminate veneers.

Clinical considerations

An intraoral digital scan was performed, and a photograph was obtained using an iPad (frontal facial full smile). The images were analyzed using the DSDapp. All reference lines were inserted, and dental shapes predetermined by the app were superimposed on the photographs. A digital diagnostic wax‐up was performed considering the plan created in the DSDapp. After 3D printing the wax‐up, a mock‐up transferred the planning to the oral cavity. Following this, the patient was referred to a periodontist for the periodontal plastic surgery. After the healing period, the teeth were prepared for computer‐aided design/computer‐aided modeling lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers.

Conclusions

DSDapp use accelerated the initial planning steps. Smile planning can be performed during the clinical session with the patient's active participation. In addition, the DSDapp facilitated better communication within the multidisciplinary team.

Clinical significance

The DSDapp relies more on intuition than on skill and training to execute the treatment plan. The DSDapp provides immediate feedback to the patient, offering greater predictability and helps monitor the planning through all the clinical stages.
Activin A affects feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae
Authors: Tang Shulin , Liang Xu‐Fang , He Shan , Alam Muhammad Shoaib , Luo Haocan , Kuang Yulan
Published: August 2020

Activin A belongs to the superfamily of transforming growth factor‐β and plays an important role in hormone regulation and tissue development. However, few research studies have been conducted on the effect of activin A on feeding organs in fish. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were treated with 1 ng ml–1 activin A for 8 days continuously. The haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining section results revealed that the transverse inner diameter of the pharynx and oesophagus significantly increased on the third and eighth days after treatment compared with the control group (P < 0.05). On the eighth day, the cross‐sectional area of the pharyngeal muscle increased by 8638 μm2 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The RNA in situ hybridization results also showed that the expression of skeletal muscle‐specific genes (myog and myod) was significantly increased in pharyngeal muscle on the eighth day. Furthermore, the qRT‐PCR results showed the expression of gh gene was significantly increased on the eighth day (P < 0.05). At the same time, more larvae in activin A group were able to feed larger brine shrimp (Artemia) than in the control group on the eighth day. In conclusion, activin A could affect feeding by promoting the inner diameter and muscle development of the pharynx and oesophagus in zebrafish larvae. This study is the first to report that the development of the pharynx and oesophagus can directly affect food intake in fish larvae, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of food intake of fish at an early stage.
Rethinking data‐driven decision support in flood risk management for a big data age
Authors: Towe Ross , Dean Graham , Edwards Liz , Nundloll Vatsala , Blair Gordon , Lamb Rob , Hankin Barry , Manson Susan
Published: August 2020

Decision‐making in flood risk management is increasingly dependent on access to data, with the availability of data increasing dramatically in recent years. We are therefore moving towards an era of big data, with the added challenges that, in this area, data sources are highly heterogeneous, at a variety of scales, and include a mix of structured and unstructured data. The key requirement is therefore one of integration and subsequent analyses of this complex web of data. This paper examines the potential of a data‐driven approach to support decision‐making in flood risk management, with the goal of investigating a suitable software architecture and associated set of techniques to support a more data‐centric approach. The key contribution of the paper is a cloud‐based data hypercube that achieves the desired level of integration of highly complex data. This hypercube builds on innovations in cloud services for data storage, semantic enrichment and querying, and also features the use of notebook technologies to support open and collaborative scenario analyses in support of decision making. The paper also highlights the success of our agile methodology in weaving together cross‐disciplinary perspectives and in engaging a wide range of stakeholders in exploring possible technological futures for flood risk management.
Comparative analysis of neural network training algorithms for the flood forecast modelling of an alluvial Himalayan river
Authors: Tabbussum Ruhhee , Dar Abdul Qayoom
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to develop novel flood forecasting models using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. The models were assessed and validated for the case study of an alluvial river in the Kashmir region of the Indian Himalayas‐River Jhelum. In September 2014, a major flood occurred in the Kashmir Valley with peak discharge exceeding 115,000 m3/s; brought about by the multifarious interaction among atmospheric disturbances. The present study targeted the development of ANN models for flood prognosis. Thereby five neural network models were developed: Bayesian regularisation neural network, the Levenberg–Marquardt neural network, conjugate gradient neural network, scaled conjugate gradient neural network, and resilient back‐propagation neural network. Levenberg–Marquardt neural network model, with the mean squared error of 0.002128 (lowest of all models) and coefficient of determination of 95.839% (highest of all models), proved to be the best model based on the statistical validation parameters. All the simulations were evaluated and curves graphed for actual versus predicted discharges for 20% of the data. These models may be used to predict floods, and take advance precautionary measures by Irrigation and Flood Control Department of the State, rather than waiting for flood hydrograph to shoot (norm as of now).