bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faune stygobie : émergence d'un monde inconnu
Authors: Dole Olivier Marie-José , Malard Florian
Published: March 2017

Cave faunas : the emergence of an unknown world

Often out of reach and invisible, the life in subterranean waters remained for a long time secret or anecdotal. The stygobie fauna characterized by an exclusive life in subterranean waters is however well developed. Rhone-Alpes has around 130 species, mostly molluscs and crustaceans. Approximately 78 % of the current regional knowledge is post-1960 and recent researches show that the regional biodiversity is widely under-estimated. The knowledge in terms of occurrence and abundance of the species remain very partial because of an under exploration of certain types of aquifers (porous and fissured) and of many geographical areas. The stygobie fauna was only taken into account in the inventories of patrimonial species to protect it in a very marginal way, although numerous forms are rare, endemic, or vulnerable.
Les coléoptères saproxyliques, derniers maillons de la forêt
Authors: Dodelin Benoît
Published: March 2017

The saproxylic beetles, last links in the forest

This article presents the specific and biologic diversities of the saproxylic beetles in France and in the Rhone-Alpes area. The number of saproxylic species for this region is estimated between 985 and 1750 for a total of 4480 to 7900 beetle species. The most threatened habitats are the coarse woody debris, removed by forestry, the dead wood lying in water, extracted to prevent flooding, and old broadleaved trees, not renewed in the mixed woodland landscape. Even if international specialists live in Rhone-Alpes, the need for new experts is strong. The constitution of a large database network is a major challenge to adequately protect saproxylic organisms.
Les fourmis en France à l'heure de la biodiversité
Authors: Kaufmann Bernard
Published: March 2017

Ants in France at the time of the biodiversity

Ants (Family Formicidae) are a major taxon of most terrestrial ecosystems, with a high biomass, high diversity and their interactions with numbers of other plants and animals. The importance of ants for the management of protected areas is often revealed by these interactions, for example, the Maculinea blues are protected butterflies whose larval stages are obligate parasites of the ant genus Myrmica. Alpha diversity of ants in France (incl. Corsica) reaches 213 species, which is high for Europe (compare to Germany with 114 and Switzerland with 141, but Spain plus Portugal reach 299). The Rhone-Alpes region species count should exceed 140, due to a diversity of habitats and climatic zones. Recent changes in systematics, especially with the development of numerical morphological taxonomy combined with genetics, as well as the growing numbers of species inventories carried out by researchers, but mostly by managers of protected area and amateurs, are going to make species counts grow further in the coming years. diversity of ants in France (incl. Corsica) reaches 213 species, which is high for Europe (compare to Germany with 114 and Switzerland with 141, but Spain plus Portugal reach 299). The Rhone-Alpes region species count should exceed 140, due to a diversity of habitats and climatic zones. Recent changes in systematics, especially with the development of numerical morphological taxonomy combined with genetics, as well as the growing numbers of species inventories carried out by researchers, but mostly by managers of protected area and amateurs, are going to make species counts grow further in the coming years.
Les Richards prospèrent en Rhône-Alpes...
Authors: Prudhomme Jean-Claude
Published: March 2017

Jewel beetles thriving in Rhone-Alpes...

The Buprestids, known as jewel beetles, form a well-defined world-wide family of Coleoptera, with more than 15000 species mainly distributed in tropical countries. Among the 165 french species at least 120 are present in the Rhone-Alpes region. All of them are phytophagous insects whose larvae develop inside the vegetal host. The majority live in tree species, such as oak, poplar, sallow, pine, fir, etc. The standard book for the study of our local Buprestidae is the Faune de France (Schaefer, 1949) which recorded the presence of 107 species in the Rhone-Alpes region. Several species have since enlarged their range in France and intensive prospecting efforts have recently enriched the catalogue of the Rhone-Alpes fauna by ten species at least. In fact our region is located at the latitude where many mediterranean species reach their northern border and tracing their future expansion may be a good means to measure the effects of the predicted climatic changes.
Les Clytini, un groupe de coléoptères longicornes à suivre (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Allemand Roland , Marengo Virgile
Published: March 2017

The Clytini, a group of long-horned beetles to watch (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)

Twenty-two species of phytophagous Coleoptera belonging to the tribe Clytini are present in the Rhone-Alpes region (France). Data collected during the last century, and more particularly during the last fifty years, show an unconstant diversity of this group of species and a very different evolution of their distribution. The majority of the species can be considered as stable, but others appear to be expanding or decreasing. More detailed analysis concerns some species around Lyon. The origin of the changes in distribution is multiple and is not related only to anthropic factors, but must take into account the biology of the species and the history of their distribution on a larger scale.
Assessment of Service Quality in Wireless Sensor Networks with Probabilistic Linguistic Term Sets
Authors: Zhang Pinghua , She Shuangxiang
Published: March 2017

Wireless sensor networks as an emerging technology have garnered a lot of attention recently. With the development of wireless sensor networks, some problems such as data delay, information loss, and others have gradually appeared. In order to cope with these problems, evaluating the service quality in wireless sensor networks is crucial. However, how to evaluate the service quality in wireless sensor networks and especially how to accurately portray the preferences of a decision maker exactly are often difficult. To deal with this challenge, firstly, an evaluation system of attributes related to the service quality in wireless sensor networks is constructed based on the existing studies. Then, the probabilistic linguistic method including the definition of probabilistic linguistic term sets, the operators of probabilistic linguistic term sets, and the ranking order of probabilistic linguistic term sets are introduced. Probabilistic term sets used to denote the preferences of a decision maker are considered as more appropriate expressions than classical linguistic term sets, 2-tuple linguistic term sets, and portion linguistic term sets in the process of evaluating the service quality in wireless sensor networks. Finally, the probabilistic linguistic method is applied in the constructed service quality in wireless sensor networks so as to demonstrate its validity and applicability and further to help the decision maker find the problems in the service quality in wireless sensor networks and improve them.
Computer Based E-Healthcare Clinical Systems
Authors: Watfa Mohamed K. , Majeed Hina , Salahuddin Tooba
Published: March 2017

Over the years, interactive computer-based systems have provided crucial support to clinics, hospitals and other health-based centers. These systems have continued to influence the manner in which clinical tasks are organized and fulfilled in terms of performing tests, diagnosis procedures, treatment methods, as well as storing, analyzing and accessing patient and staff information. At the present time, the computer-based systems used in healthcare settings of high standards are the result of joint efforts of clinicians, software developers and clinical informaticians hence triggering the outcome of the desired system to outdo that of existing applications. Major concerns arise in designing clinical application including data privacy, minimal bias offered by a system (i.e. in terms of searching and decision-making), a user friendly GUI and an efficient integration of the new system with the existing standard applications at the health based setting being considered. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on the existing research work on computer based E-Healthcare applications for clinicians highlighting both the challenges and benefits of such applications which would be of value to both patients and clinicians.
Human Patient Simulations
Authors: Onovo Grace N.
Published: March 2017

The relationship between self-efficacy (self-confidence) and anxiety levels, and the use of Human Patient Simulations (HPS) as a teaching-learning strategy, has not been sufficiently studied in the area of clinical nursing education. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the self-efficacy/self-confidence and anxiety levels in clinical skills performance of undergraduate nursing students, pre-use and post-use of Human Patients Simulations (HPS), as a teaching and learning strategy in maternity nursing. The study used a quantitative, pre-experimental, one group study design with a pretest and posttest experiment in data collection. The findings concluded that HPS reduced anxiety and increased self-efficacy/self-confidence in clinical skills performance and decision-making of the participants. In addition, the study found that the participants had difficulties in tasks performance with the following action verbs associated with the cognitive domain of Bloom's taxonomy. The verbs were “identify,” “apply,” and “analyze.”
Impact of Human Exome Sequencing on Clinical Research
Authors: Acharya Anu , Kannan Shibichakravarthy , Kumar Brajendra , Khurana Jasmine , Patil Sushma , Tanikella Geethanjali
Published: March 2017

Recent advances in human exome sequencing and the associated advantages have made it a technology of choice in various domains. The savings in time, cost and data storage compared with whole genome sequencing make this technology a potential game changer in clinical research settings. Recent advances in NGS have made it feasible to use exome sequencing in clinical research for identifying novel and rare variants that can lead to change in protein structure and function which may finally culminate into a totally different phenotype. If whole exome is not desired the same technology can be used for studying target exonic regions to investigate causative genes for a specific phenotype associated with disease. Exome sequencing has emerged as an effective and efficient tool for the translational and clinical research. There is a demand for systematically storing variant information in large databanks. Meaningful information from the exome-seq data can be combined with other data. This can be correlated with clinical findings within a clinical trial setting for a better study outcome.
Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Implementation of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ervin Karen
Published: March 2017

This chapter examines the literature of healthcare in the United States during the transitioning to electronic records. Key government legislation, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), which were part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and the Affordable Health Care Act, are reviewed. The review concentrates on patient privacy issues, how they have been addressed in these acts, and what recommendations for improvement have been found in the literature. A comparison of the adoption of electronic health records on a nationwide scale in three countries is included. England, Australia, and the United States are all embarking in and are at different stages of implementing nationwide electronic health database systems. The resources used in locating relevant literature were PubMed, Medline, Highwire Press, State Library of Pennsylvania, and Google Scholar databases.
NoSQL Technologies for Real Time (Patient) Monitoring
Authors: Dobre Ciprian , Xhafa Fatos
Published: March 2017

Today we witness a growing change in how public health administration thinks about medical data. We have slowly moved from paper-based patient records to digitally storing medical data, in support for advanced evidence-based mining and decision support processes. With this change comes great responsibility, among which efficient storing and accessing the health status of the patient is particularly important. In this chapter, the authors analyze current storage technologies for storing medical data. We are witnessing a shift from traditional relational database support to NoSQL technologies capable of offering great availability and scalability options, and back to the mixture between the SQL and NoSQL worlds, and scalable SQL databases. All these alternatives come with their own pros and cons, which the authors carefully analyze. They believe that their survey will help medical practitioners and developers of health applications make a more informed decision when designing medical data storage support.
Security and the Role of New Technologies and Innovation in Medical Ethics
Authors: Chojnacki Michał , Wójcik Anita
Published: March 2017

Modern medicine has never before experienced such a rapid development of what is observed at the turn of the century. New opportunities bring new challenges that both - medical staff and patients - will have to face. The paper examines the role and safety issues new medical technologies in the light of respect for patients' rights and ethical dilemmas. For a better delineation of the phenomenon, presented the key moments of the origins and development of medical innovation. Based on observations and the current direction of the health sector were presented significant areas where abuse can occur at the level of ethical issues. Discussions have been subjected to actions considered modern medicine, in the light of security and respect for the patients' rights.
Ethical Implications of Incidental Findings in Pediatric Research
Authors: Omoruyi Emma A.
Published: March 2017

This chapter reviews the literature and ethics of disclosure of incidental findings in pediatric research. A clear example of an incidental finding is an unexpected abnormal finding, such as a brain tumor, on a research neuroimaging scan of a volunteer. When the research participant is a child, the issue of what to disclose and who to disclose to becomes more complicated. Parents play an important decision-making role in the lives of their children, and in conjunction with researchers, decide the benefits and risks children are exposed to in research settings. The potential ethical concern is parents making decisions that counter the interests of the child and how to handle information obtained that is outside the anticipated research findings.
A Simple Microwave Route for the Synthesis of Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) Powders for Bone Healing Applications
Authors: Iqbal Nida , Abdul Kadir M.R.
Published: March 2017

The recent trend in bioceramics research is mainly concentrated on bioactive ceramics, i.e. hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphates and bioactive glasses, as they exhibit superior biological properties over other materials. Among these tricalcium phosphates have been found very important member due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties that can help to promote new bone formation when implanted in a bone defect site. Therefore the aimed of the present work was to investigate the synthesis of tricalcium phosphate via simple microwave route at Ca/P molar ratios below, 1.67 and at pH of reaction environment equal 5. The detail characterizations of the prepared samples were carried out using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), FT-IR spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. From the analysis of EDX, FTIR and XRD patterns, the formation of β-TCP was confirmed.
Flexural & Impact Properties of PLA/Kenaf Fibers Bio-Composites
Authors: Surip Siti Norasmah , Wan Jaafar Wan Nor Raihan , Bonnia Noor Najmi
Published: March 2017

Polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced kenaf fibres composites were fabricated using melt compounding and compression moulding. Kenaf bast and core fibres had undergone chemi-mechanical treatment before use. The mechanical properties of kenaf bast composites (KBC) and kenaf core composites (KCC) were studied by performing flexural and impact testing. KBC and KCC treated with 1.0M acid treatment at 60 rpm speed shows highest flexural and impact properties. The fibre surface treatment had an efficient effect on the flexural strength at 1.0M concentration, with improvement of approximately 27% of strength.
Utilization of EAFD in Concrete Composite
Authors: Nuruddin Mohd Fadhil , Fauzi Amir , Abdul Wahab Mohamed Mubarak , Shafiq Nasir , Malkawi Ahmad B.
Published: March 2017

Industrial waste products can be considered as renewable resources. Steel industry wastes have a severe impact on the environment whereas this industry involves a myriad of operations which create vast volumes of air emissions, liquid effluents, and solid wastes. This study presents the feasibility of using Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) as a cement replacement material (CRM) in comparison with silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA). The EAFD is a complex byproduct material of steel produced by electrical - arc furnace and consisting mostly of metal oxides. The results showed that the workability of the EAFD mixes is comparable to the control mix even when the percentage of the EAFD was increased. On the other hand, as the replacement percentage was increased, the use of FA, SF resulted in higher, lower workability, respectively. Furthermore, the EAFD significantly affected the setting time, where 3% of the EAFD replacement resulted in prolonging setting time reached more than 24 hours, while the use of SF and FA has insignificantly affected the setting time. The 3% of EAFD is found to be the optimum replacement in terms of compressive strength and it has a similar effect to a replacement level of 5% of SF and 15% of FA.
Improving access to health care in a rural regional hospital in South Africa: Why do patients miss their appointments?
Authors: Frost Lucy , Jenkins Louis S. , Emmink Benjamin
Published: March 2017

Background: Access to health services is one of the Batho Pele (‘people first’) values and principles of the South African government since 1997. This necessitated some changes around public service systems, procedures, attitudes and behaviour. The challenges of providing health care to rural geographically spread populations include variations in socio-economic status, transport opportunities, access to appointment information and patient perceptions of costs and benefits of seeking health care. George hospital, situated in a rural area, serves 5000 outpatient visits monthly, with non-attendance rates of up to 40%. Objectives: The aim of this research was to gain a greater understanding of the reasons behind non-attendance of outpatient department clinics to allow locally driven, targeted interventions. Methods: This was a descriptive study. We attempted to phone all patients who missed appointments over a 1-month period (n = 574). Only 20% were contactable with one person declining consent. Twenty-nine percent had no telephone number on hospital systems, 7% had incorrect numbers, 2% had died and 42% did not respond to three attempts. Results: The main reasons for non-attendance included unaware of appointment date (16%), out of area (11%), confusion over date (11%), sick or admitted to hospital (10%), family member sick or died (7%), appointment should have been cancelled by clerical staff (6%) and transport (6%). Only 9% chose to miss their appointment. The other 24% had various reasons. Conclusions: Improved patient awareness of appointments, adjustments in referral systems and enabling appointment cancellation if indicated would directly improve over two-thirds of reasons for non-attendance. Understanding the underlying causes will help appointment planning, reduce wasted costs and have a significant impact on patient care.
The Effects of Buildability Factors on Rebar Fixing Labour Productivity of Beamless Slabs
Authors: Jarkas Abdulaziz M
Published: March 2017

Buildability is an important factor affecting labour productivity. Nevertheless, a thorough search of the literature revealed a dearth of research into its effects on in situ reinforced concrete construction, especially at the activity levels. Since rebar fixing is an integral trade of this type of construction material, and beamless slabs are amongst the major encountered activities on construction sites, the objective of this research is to explore the buildability factors affecting its rebar fixing efficiency. To achieve this objective, a large volume of fixing productivity data was collected and analysed using the categorical interaction - regression method. As a result, the main and interaction effects of rebar diameter; reinforcement quantity; slab geometry; and reinforcement layer location are determined. The findings show a significant influence of these factors on the fixing operation, which can be used to provide designers and construction managers with feedback on how well the design of this activity considers the requirements of buildability, and the tangible consequences of designers‟ decisions on labour productivity
The Critical Nature of Gender: A Deweyan Approach to the Sex/Gender Distinction
Authors: Gregoratto Federica
Published: March 2017

In this article, I address a highly controversial question of feminist philosophy, namely, the so-called sex/gender distinction, from a Deweyan perspective. I argue that Dewey's naturalism provides useful insights for dealing with and solving the problems concerning this particular type of dualism. My argumentation unfolds in three steps. First, after having briefly introduced the meanings of the two terms, I outline two different, both unsuccessful strategies for overcoming the sex/gender distinction, namely, what I call the radical social constructionist and the nondialectical naturalist strategies. Second, I draw on Dewey's version of naturalism with the aim of conceiving of human beings as simultaneously naturally and socially constructed. Third, I sketch out the hypothesis that Dewey's way of overcoming the pernicious dichotomy between nature and society may be useful for outlining a critical metaphysics of gender.
Quest for a Valid Phillips Curve in the Long Run: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Islam Mohammed Saiful , Mustafa Riduanul
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the relationship between inflation rate (percentage change in consumer price index) and unemployment rate (number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labor force) by using modern econometric approach to find a “Phillips Curve”. Using US data of both monthly and yearly frequency, the paper    finds the existence of a long-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment. A linear form of the Phillips curve is estimated for the USA using ordinary least squares estimation (OLS). The co integration test shows the long run relation between the variables. This contradicts the theory that in long run the Phillips curve should be vertical. Some of the findings can be summarized as follows: (a) the Phillips Curve fits the data well; (b) inflation of previous year influences the present rate of inflation and (c) both monthly data and yearly data support the existence of Phillips curve in the long run
eng „Przemoc w wychowaniu”: Prawne oraz pedagogiczne uwagi na temat Monitoringu Rzecznika Praw Dziecka w Polsce
Authors: Kmieciak Błażej Juliusz
Published: March 2017

Law and education are phenomena that constantly intermingle. On the one hand, in the educational process we use the concepts of rights, freedoms and autonomy. Education must result in shaping a pupils fully mature personality. One of its elements is to build awareness of their rights, taking into account respect for the rights of others. On the other hand, the right is continuously working on society and the individual. It works by: informing, motivating, and educating. The areas of action are related to the relationship that exists between parents and child. This relationship is unique. It refers to the value that family institution has in a society. In the family reveals the crucial role of parental authority. On the other perspective as important it seems to be the problem of respect for the rights of the child which is under the care of their parents.
Analyzing the information media and the results of scientific studies more often can be seen the emergence of a particular thread, which is violence. This applies above of violence, which is observed in the educational process. This subject for many years, meets with interest of the Polish, constitutional authority responsible for protecting the child rights, which is the Children Ombudsman. At the end of 2015., on behalf of the above Ombudsman, has been developed an extensive report entitled. “Violence in education. Between the legal ban, and public acceptance. Monitoring of the Children Ombudsman”. Analysis of this document indicates that i society existence a clear and disturbing phenomenon of violence in education. At this point, there are several important questions. In the first place it is worth considering: What is the relationship between the rights of the child and parental authority? Is similar institutions can work together, and "co-exist"? It is also worth to considering: Is education of a child can exist without the element of coercion? Is this compulsion can have a positive face? At the end it is justified to stop the on the socio - legal context of domestic violence formulation. Is the existence of the Polish legal system similar phrases, effectively defends the rights of the family, or may result in the violation of?
The prevention of torture in detention places in connection with the Ombudsman Institution
Authors: Tudorascu Miruna , Ganfalean Ioan
Published: March 2017

By the Law No. 109/2009, Romania ratified the Optional Protocol adopted in New York at 18th of December 2002, at the Convention against the torture and other punishments or cruel treatments, inhuman and degrading, adopted in New York at 10th of December 1984, assuming the obligation of establishing at national level The National Mechanism of Torture Prevention in Detention Places, for consolidation the protection of persons who are in detention places. By the Emergency Ordinance no. 48/2014 , which modified and completed the Law no. 35/1997 – regarding the organization and functioning of Ombudsman Institution, and also for modification and completing of some other normative acts, The Ombudsman Institution, as autonomous public authority, was named as the unique national structure which has attributions in connection with The National Mechanism of Torture Prevention in Detention Places.
Investigations of the spatial and temporal variations of Sr and Nd isotopes in sediments from two Indian Rivers: Implications to source identification
Authors: Pradhan Sonali , Zhang Jing , Baskaran Mark , Shirodkar Prabhaker Vasant , Wu Ying , Pradhan Umesh Kumar
Published: March 2017

Radiogenic isotopes of Sr and Nd provide crucial information on chemical and physical erosion processes, therefore used as tracers for fingerprinting the sources of fluvial sediments. Moreover, elemental geochemistry, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd signatures in silicate fractions of sediments primarily reflect intricate controls of characteristics and provenance of sediment. A suite of sediment samples collected from two rivers of India, Narmada (large) and Netravati (small) were analyzed for elemental concentrations, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd in silicate as well as acid‐leachable fractions. 87Sr/86Sr in acid‐leachable sediment fractions from both the rivers (0.7094 ± 0.0002 for Narmada and 0.7158 ± 0.003 for Netravati) showed more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr in Netravati compared to Narmada indicating influence of source rocks in their watersheds. Weak correlation of sedimentary 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd with Al and Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) in silicate fraction indicates that isotopic compositions are primarily controlled by their sources and not by chemical weathering in both the rivers. Provenance of sediments in Narmada is dominated by their supply from Deccan deposits with secondary supply from mid‐late Proterozoic Vindhyan along with Mesoproterozoic to Mesoarchean
ages. Sediments from Netravati reflected signatures of peninsular gneisses dominant with gneisses schists and granodiorite along with Paleoarchean
ages. Based on variability of 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, present study highlight that sediment supplies from tributaries to the mainstream in Narmada is inadequate as compared to that in Netravati. 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd signatures in Narmada and Netravati are comparable with Global Rivers.
The role of the Agulhas in the Benguela Current system: A numerical modeling approach
Authors: Veitch Jennifer A. , Penven Pierrick
Published: March 2017

A modeling approach is used to investigate the influence of the Agulhas on the southern Benguela system. Two climatological ROMS simulations are run that are identical except that in one of them the effect of the Agulhas is removed. Comparing their outputs allows for a clear indication of the role of the Agulhas on both the large‐scale and shelf dynamics. About 15 Sv of the mean transport of the Benguela Current is shown to be contributed by Agulhas influx, with the most intense flow being associated with extreme turbulence and its meandering nature is a reflection of the passage of Agulhas Rings. The injection of warm water is particularly evident beyond the shelf‐edge, producing a perennially intense cross‐shelf density front that is enhanced during upwelling season. This gradient drives a jet that is fastest at the shelf‐edge but that extends from the midshelf to at least 100 km beyond it and is associated with dynamic uplift via vortex squashing. Similarly generated is the Good Hope Jet that extends northwestward from the western Agulhas Bank. Turbulence associated with Agulhas leakage increases rapidly beyond the shelf‐edge causing the upwelling front in the southern Benguela to be subject to intense mixing, leaving a relatively uniform front there. Locally generated regions of high turbulence exist in the vicinity of the shelf‐edge jets as well as further north in association with the large filaments that originate from the perennial Lüderitz upwelling cell, with or without the influence of the Agulhas.
The wave‐driven current in coastal canopies
Authors: Abdolahpour Maryam , Hambleton Magnus , Ghisalberti Marco
Published: March 2017

Wave‐driven flows over canopies of aquatic vegetation (such as seagrass) are characterized by the generation of a strong, shoreward mean current near the top of the canopy. This shoreward drift, which is observed to be up to 75% of the RMS above‐canopy orbital velocity, can have a significant impact on residence times within coastal canopies. There have been limited observations of this current and an accurate formulation of its magnitude is still lacking. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a practical relationship to describe the strength of this current as a function of both wave and canopy characteristics. A simple model for the Lagrangian drift velocity indicates that the magnitude of the wave‐driven current increases with the above‐canopy oscillatory velocity, the vertical orbital excursion at the top of the canopy, and the canopy density. An extensive laboratory study, using both rigid and (dynamically scaled) flexible model vegetation, was carried out to evaluate the proposed model. Experimental results reveal a strong agreement between predicted and measured current velocities over a wide and realistic range of canopy and wave conditions. The validity of this model is also confirmed through available field measurements. Characterization of this wave‐induced mean current will allow an enhanced capacity for predicting residence time, and thus key ecological processes, in coastal canopies.
Proteomic profiling of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) under 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) stress
Authors: Das Padmini , Sarkar Dibyendu , Datta Rupali
Published: March 2017

Vetiver grass is an ideal plant for 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) phytoremediation, due to its ability to tolerate and metabolize TNT as previously reported. The current study is the first attempt to investigate the changes in the proteomic profile of a plant under TNT stress. Vetiver plants were grown in nutrient media with varying concentrations of TNT (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1) for 10 days. Although the plants appeared healthy, significant biomass reductions (p = 0.0008) were observed in treated plants. Total proteins in the root decreased significantly (p = 0.0003). Proteomic analysis of root proteins revealed the downregulation of functional proteins involved in key cellular mechanisms such as transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport of proteins, protein glycosylation, and translation. Growth‐related proteins were downregulated; plant defense proteins were upregulated at lower TNT concentrations but downregulated at higher concentrations. Comprehensive understanding of changes in the proteomic profile provides important clues to the mechanism of TNT stress response and tolerance in vetiver.
The impact of SST resolution change in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis on wintertime Gulf Stream frontal air‐sea interaction
Authors: Parfitt Rhys , Czaja Arnaud , Kwon Young‐Oh
Published: March 2017

This paper examines the sensitivity to a change in sea surface temperature (SST) resolution of the interaction between atmospheric and oceanic fronts in the Gulf Stream region in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set. Two periods are considered, January 1979 to December 2001 (SST resolution 1° × 1°) and December 2010 to February 2016 (SST resolution 0.05° × 0.05°). The winter season from the latter 6 years of high‐resolution SST is compared against six random periods of six wintertime seasons from the low‐resolution SST period, to assess the robustness of the result against natural climate variability. In all comparisons, a significant change in frontal air‐sea sensible heat flux exchange is found that is highly correlated to the change in mean SST gradient. This leads to both increases and decreases in occurrence of atmospheric fronts and mean precipitation of up to 30%. These results reemphasize the importance of high SST resolution in resolving the influence of oceanic fronts on weather and climate.
Electrodynamic disturbances in the Brazilian equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere on St. Patrick's Day storm of 17 March 2015
Authors: Venkatesh K. , Tulasi Ram S. , Fagundes P. R. , Seemala Gopi K. , Batista I. S.
Published: March 2017

The St. Patrick's Day storm of 17 March 2015 has a long‐lasting main phase with the Dst reaching a minimum of −223 nT. During the main phase, two strong prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) phases took place; first with the southward turning of IMF Bz around ~1200 UT and the second with the onset of a substorm around ~1725 UT leading to strong equatorial zonal electric field enhancements. The consequent spatiotemporal disturbances in the ionospheric total electron content and the resultant modifications in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) over the Brazilian longitudinal sector are investigated in detail. The simultaneous measurements from a large network of GPS receivers, ionosonde, and magnetometers over the Brazilian longitudinal sector are used for this study. In the presence of enhanced zonal electric field, the equatorial F2 layer peak (hmF2) experienced a rapid uplift without any significant change in the base height (h′F); while the F2 layer is redistributed into F2 and F3 layers. The enhanced zonal electric filed due to PPEF led to the strong super fountain effect under which the anomaly crest departed poleward to ~40°S latitude. In the presence of westward and equatorward wind surge over Brazil with the coexisting disturbance dynamo fields, strong hemispheric asymmetry is seen in the storm time response of EIA during both the PPEF phases.
Bellah,RobertN
Authors: Turner Bryan S.
Published: March 2017

Robert Neelly Bellah (1927–2013) was the Elliott Professor of Sociology at the University of California Berkeley and internationally famous for his research and publications in the sociology of religion. A student of Talcott Parsons, he received a PhD from Harvard University. As an undergraduate at Harvard, he was a member of the Communist Party USA (1947–1949) and chairman of the Reed Club, which was a student club interested in the study of Marxism. Following FBI inquiries into his student network, Bellah and family withdrew to Canada where he had a postdoctoral fellowship at the Islamic Institute at McGill University in Montreal. With the decline of the right‐wing movement known as McCarthyism, Bellah returned to Harvard. His research and publications covered three broad areas relating to religion: the idea of religious evolution; the concept of civil religion; and religious change in Asia.
Socioeconomic Predictors of Incident Depression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Mccormick Natalie , Trupin Laura , Yelin Edward H. , Katz Patricia P.
Published: March 2017

Objective

To assess different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) as predictors of incident depression among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Data were derived from the 2010–2015 waves of the Lupus Outcomes Study, where individuals with confirmed SLE were interviewed annually by telephone. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, using a validated lupus‐specific cutoff (≥23) for major depressive disorder. Women interviewed in ≥2 consecutive waves, with scores <23 in the first wave (T1), were included. The level of financial strain was classified as high, moderate, or none based on responses to 3 questions. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impact of poverty status, income, education, and financial strain at T1 on the risk of incident depression the next year (T2), with adjustment for sociodemographic and disease status measures. Individuals could contribute more than one 2‐year dyad to the analysis.

Results

In total, 682 women contributed 2,097 observations, with 19% having high financial strain, 47% moderate strain, and 34% no strain. There were 166 women who had 184 episodes of incident depression (rate = 8.8/100 person‐years). In bivariate analysis, poverty, lower income and education, disease activity, and high financial strain were associated with depression onset; race/ethnicity was not. Poverty, income, and education were not significant in multivariate analyses, but disease activity and high financial strain were (odds ratio 1.85 [95% confidence interval 1.06–3.23]).

Conclusion

High financial strain was a significant predictor of new‐onset depression in women with SLE, controlling for disease factors and other SES measures. Determining specific, modifiable sources of financial strain may help prevent the development of depression.
Intramolecular C−H Alkenylation of N‐Alkynylindoles: Exo and Endo Selective Cyclization According to the Choice of Metal Catalyst
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Baba Takumi , Takano Hideaki , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen
Published: March 2017

The intramolecular reaction of 3‐acetyl‐N‐alkynylindoles proceeded via C−H bond cleavage at the C2 position. Iridium and rhodium catalysts selectively promoted 6‐exo‐dig and 7‐endo‐dig cyclization, respectively, and N‐fused tricyclic compounds were obtained.

magnified image
Can lncRNAs be indicators for the diagnosis of early onset or acute schizophrenia and distinguish major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder?—A cross validation analysis
Authors: Cui Xuelian , Niu Wei , Kong Lingming , He Mingjun , Jiang Kunhong , Chen Shengdong , Zhong Aifang , Li Wanshuai , Lu Jim , Zhang Liyi
Published: March 2017

Depression and anxiety are apparent symptoms in the early onset or acute phase of schizophrenia (SZ), which complicate timely diagnosis and treatment. It is imperative to seek an indicator to distinguish schizophrenia from depressive and anxiety disorders. Using lncRNA microarray profiling and RT‐PCR, three up‐regulated lncRNAs in SZ, six down‐regulated lncRNAs in major depressive disorder (MDD), and three up‐regulated lncRNAs in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) had been identified as potential biomarkers. All the lncRNAs were, then, cross‐validated in 40 SZ patients, 40 MDD patients, 40 GAD patients, and 40 normal controls. Compared with controls, three up‐regulated SZ lncRNAs had a significantly down‐regulated expression in GAD, and no remarkable differences existed between MDD and the controls. Additionally, the six down‐regulated MDD lncRNAs were expressed in an opposite fashion in SZ, and the expression of the three up‐regulated GAD lncRNAs were significantly different between SZ and GAD. These results indicate that the expression patterns of the three up‐regulated SZ lncRNAs could not be completely replicated in MDD and GAD, and vice versa. Thus, these three SZ lncRNAs seem to be established as potential indicators for diagnosis of schizophrenia and distinguishing it from MDD and GAD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Outcomes in Children With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Morishita Kimberly A. , Moorthy Lakshmi N. , Lubieniecka Joanna M. , Twilt Marinka , Yeung Rae S. M. , Toth Mary B. , Shenoi Susan , Ristic Goran , Nielsen Susan M. , Luqmani Raashid A. , Li Suzanne C. , Lee Tzielan , Lawson Erica F. , Kostik Mikhail M. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Huber Adam M. , Hersh Aimee O. , Foell Dirk , Elder Melissa E. , Eberhard Barbara A. , Dancey Paul , Charuvanij Sirirat , Benseler Susanne M. , Cabral David A. ,   for the ARChiVe Investigators Network within the PedVas Initiative
Published: March 2017

Objective

To characterize the early disease course in childhood‐onset antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and the 12‐month outcomes in children with AAV.

Methods

Eligible subjects were children entered into the Pediatric Vasculitis Initiative study who were diagnosed before their eighteenth birthday as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg‐Strauss), or ANCA‐positive pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis. The primary outcome measure was achievement of disease remission (Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score [PVAS] of 0) at 12 months with a corticosteroid dosage of <0.2 mg/kg/day. Secondary outcome measures included the rates of inactive disease (PVAS of 0, with any corticosteroid dosage) and rates of improvement at postinduction (4–6 months after diagnosis) and at 12 months, presence of damage at 12 months (measured by a modified Pediatric Vasculitis Damage Index [PVDI]; score 0 = no damage, score 1 = one damage item present), and relapse rates at 12 months.

Results

In total, 105 children with AAV were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 13.8 years (interquartile range 10.9–15.8 years). Among the study cohort, 42% of patients achieved remission at 12 months, 49% had inactive disease at postinduction (4–6 months), and 61% had inactive disease at 12 months. The majority of patients improved, even if they did not achieve inactive disease. An improvement in the PVAS score of at least 50% from time of diagnosis to postinduction was seen in 92% of patients. Minor relapses occurred in 12 (24%) of 51 patients after inactive disease had been achieved postinduction. The median PVDI damage score at 12 months was 1 (range 0–6), and 63% of patients had ≥1 PVDI damage item scored as present at 12 months.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date to assess disease outcomes in pediatric AAV. Although the study showed that a significant proportion of patients did not achieve remission, the majority of patients responded to treatment. Unfortunately, more than one‐half of this patient cohort experienced damage to various organ systems early in their disease course.
Compression Testing and Modeling of Spherical Cells – Comparison of Yeast and Algae
Authors: Overbeck Achim , Günther Steffi , Kampen Ingo , Kwade Arno
Published: March 2017

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the microalga Chlorella vulgaris were mechanically characterized using single‐cell compression experiments. Micromechanical cell characteristics could be calculated directly from the force displacement data. The mechanical properties of the cell wall were determined with different analytical models because the intrinsic parameters of the cell wall cannot be measured directly. As expected, the Young's moduli obtained from the cellular model and the cell wall model differ by two orders of magnitude. Although yeast and algal cells need similar forces to get disrupted, the bursting deformation and bursting energy of the algal cells are about two times smaller. Based on the dry biomass, the energy for cell breakage of C. vulgaris is about six times higher than that of S. cerevisiae. Finally, the tensile strength of the cell wall was calculated.
Taming a Vinyl Cation with a Simple Al(OTf)3 Catalyst To Promote C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Niggemann Meike , Fu Liang , Damsen Helena
Published: March 2017

A detailed mechanistic investigation identified the stepwise nature of the 1,3‐aryl shift, which enables our recently disclosed Al3+‐catalyzed insertion of unactivated alkynes into the sp2–sp3 C−C bond of benzyl alcohols. The selectivity for the rearranged product was found to be induced by the continued coordination of the aluminum catalyst to the rearranging species, which is encouraged by a reversible background reaction. This participation of the catalyst beyond the ionization step is unique in the realm of carbocation driven reactions and opens up the possibility of a catalyst‐induced chiral induction in the future. Furthermore, the study represents a rare example of detailed mechanistic analysis of a reaction with a product selectivity that changes with increasing conversion.
Finite element modeling, validation, and parametric investigations of a retinal reattachment stent
Authors: Rusovici R. , Dalli D. , Mitra K. , Ganiban G. , Grace M. , Mazzocchi R. , Calhoun M.
Published: March 2017

A new retinal reattachment surgical procedure is based on a stent that is deployed to press the retina back in place. An eye‐stent finite element model studied the strain induced by the stent on retina. Finite element model simulations were performed for several stent geometric configurations (number of loops, wire diameter, and intraocular pressure). The finite element model was validated against experiment. Parametric studies demonstrated that stents could be successfully designed so that the maximum strain would be below permanent damage strain threshold of 2%.
Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Samorì Paolo
Published: March 2017

The energy crisis and global warming are two of the greatest challenges that our society is facing nowadays, requiring an immediate solution that involves the development of clean, efficient, sustainable and cheap energy‐storage devices. These energy‐storage devices are highly desirable for applications in electrical vehicles, portable electronic devices, and power grids, etc. The electrochemical performance of the devices largely depends on the chemical compositions and structures of the electrode materials. Graphene/polymer hybrid nanocomposites have gained great attention as electrodes for energy storage because of their excellent mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties, originating from the synergistic effect of the two components. In this review, we present a general overview and recent advances of graphene/polymer nanocomposites as high‐performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Major challenges to be tackled and future perspectives are also highlighted.