bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FOURTH YEAR MBBS STUDENTS OF SIALKOT MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Authors: Imran Idrees Butt  , Admin Prof. Dr. Sahibzada Masood Us Syed , Akmal Bhatti  , Akram Saeed  , Tahreem  , Aqsa Riaz Sahi  , Mahwish Shahbaz  , Aroosh Ahmed  , Shanzay Aziz  , Rida Ghumman  , Muhammad Numan  , Haseeb Ahmed  , Hashmi  , Salman Khan  , Hamad Raza  , Alyan Rashid Chatha  , Minahil Iftikhar  , Naveela Ghumman
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic forced medical education for rapid transition from in- person learning to online learning. This change came with learning difficulties, social isolation, limited student/faculty relationships, and decreased academic performance.
FACTORS HINDERING USE OF FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN SIALKOT CITY.
Authors: Imran Idrees Butt  , Akram Saeed  , Admin Prof. Dr. Sahibzada Masood Us Syed , Ahmad  , Tahir  , Rauf  , Tayyaba Firdaus  , Shawal Azmat  , Aleena Shakeel  , Laiba Sardar  , Iman Wahid  , Eman Tahir  , Aqsa Siddique  , Iqra Ahsan  , Laraib Malik  , Asifa Saleem  , Zainab Zulfiqar
Published: July 2023

The use of contraceptives is one of the major determining factor of reducing fertility. This has increased steadily over the years and currently widespread through the world, but the progress has not been the same in Affiliations terms of geographical area and is not meeting the current demand and

Professor & CEO Sialkot making available various types of methods to women wishing and willing to Medical College/ Imran use Globally modern contraceptives utilization has Idrees Teaching Hospital, increased in the recent past from 54% to 57%. However, estimates are Sialkot much lower in Pakistan i.e. 34% of women of reproductive age are using

contraceptives.

Professor of Community
PERCEPTION AND PRACTICES REGARDING COVID-19 VACCINE AMONG MBBS STUDENTS
Authors: Admin Prof. Dr. Sahibzada Masood Us Syed , Syeda Sara Sherazi  , Imran Idrees Butt  , Akram Saeed  , Mahnoor  , Hadia Chaudry  , Nayab Zahid  , Nayab Zulfiqar  , Meherbano Mirza  , Tehreem Fatima  , Nukhba Basra  , Sahar Feroz  , Javeria Abbas  , Mohammad Arslan Naveed  , Hassan Mir  , Umair Humayun  , Ali Raza Chaudhry
Published: July 2023

To determine the perception and practices regarding COVID-

19 vaccines among the students of Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot.
Custom-Made Ethyl Vinyl Acetate Insoles with Arch Support Could Improve Static Balance in Diabetic Women with Neuropathic Foot
Authors: Hemmati Fatemeh , Tafti Nahid , Nourouzi Ehsan , Turk Sajad Bayat , Karimi Mohammad Taghi , Sharifmoradi Keyvan , Kashani Reza Vahab
Published: July 2023

Background: Individuals with diabetic neuropathy may experience plantar ulcers and postural instability. Although use of an insole with arch support has the potential to decrease the incidence of plantar ulcers, the choice of proper design and material density concerning postural stability is challenging. The objective of this pilot study was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the immediate effects of custom-made ethyl vinyl acetate insoles with arch support and Shore A values of 30 or 50 on static balance in patients with diabetes and neuropathic foot/feet.

Methods: Ten women with diabetes participated in this study. Static balance was analyzed while in double-limb standing with eyes closed and eyes open and while standing on a dominant limb with eyes open wearing shoes only and wearing shoes and insoles with Shore A values of 30 and 50.

Results: With insole, the mean values of center of pressure excursions decreased significantly while standing on double limbs with eyes closed. The improvement in static balance was greater while using the insole with greater density; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: An insole with arch support made of ethyl vinyl acetate Shore A of 30 and 50, which could decrease plantar pressure concentration, had no negative effect on the static balance of diabetes. Therefore, further research on the long-term effects of such insoles on the static balance of diabetes is suggested.
Fibula-Only Fixation for a Very Distal Tibia-Fibula Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Sriram , Boddu Chandrakanth
Published: July 2023

A 70-year-old patient with multiple medical problems presented to us with displaced closed very distal tibia and fibula fractures and a prior total knee replacement on the affected extremity. We treated the patient with an isolated fibula open reduction and internal fixation. At a 1-year follow-up, both the tibial and fibular fractures had healed, and the patient had an excellent outcome. “Fibula-only” fixation of very distal tibia-fibula fractures appears to be a viable option to manage these difficult fractures. The novelty of the case report lies in that this technique has not been described previously in the literature.
Disentangled multi-subject and social behavioral representations through a constrained subspace variational autoencoder (CS-VAE)
Authors: Yi Daiyao , Musall Simon , Churchland Anne , Padilla-Coreano Nancy , Saxena Shreya
Published: July 2023

Effectively modeling and quantifying behavior is essential for our understanding of the brain. Modeling behavior in naturalistic settings in social and multi-subject tasks remains a significant challenge. Modeling the behavior of different subjects performing the same task requires partitioning the behavioral data into features that are common across subjects, and others that are distinct to each subject. Modeling social interactions between multiple individuals in a freely-moving setting requires disentangling effects due to the individual as compared to social investigations. To achieve flexible disentanglement of behavior into interpretable latent variables with individual and across-subject or social components, we build on a semi-supervised approach to partition the behavioral subspace, and propose a novel regularization based on the Cauchy-Schwarz divergence to the model. Our model, known as the constrained subspace variational autoencoder (CS-VAE), successfully models distinct features of the behavioral videos across subjects, as well as continuously varying differences in social behavior. Our approach vastly facilitates the analysis of the resulting latent variables in downstream tasks such as uncovering disentangled behavioral motifs, the efficient decoding of a novel subject’s behavior, and provides an understanding of how similarly different animals perform innate behaviors.
Physicochemical and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Analysis in Soil and Sediment from Vicinity of Ikot Akpaden, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Ubong Uwem U. , Ikpe Edidiong E. , Ekwere Ifiok O. , Uwanta Emaime J.
Published: July 2023

The study was undertaken to determine the levels of 16 priority PAHs in soil and sediments from some vicinities of Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin. The soils were prepared using standard procedure in the laboratory and analyzed for 16 US EPA priority PAHs using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The soil samples were obtained from two sampling sites at Ikot Akpaden (Site A and C). Site C showed minimal PAHs concentration while site A recorded PAHs levels ranging from 0.01 to 4.25 mg/kg. According to European commission, the PAHs concentrations in soil samples of this study are moderate, but deleterious over time. The soils were negatively affected more with low molecular weight PAHs than High Molecular Weight PAHs.This study revealed that the sampling sites had low carcinogenic burden, hence would exhibit moderate adverse health effects to plants and animals. It was concluded that automobile repair activities in site A contributed to the soil contamination with PAHs; hence it should be properly sited.
Why Pharmaceutical Drug Traceability in the US Needs a Centralized Cloud-Based Platform
Authors: Sarkar Shambhu
Published: July 2023

Pharmaceutical serialization is a regulatory compliance that assures a unique identifier assigned to every unit of prescribed medicine. This unique identifier is used for product tracking and authentication in the supply chain. Initially, in 2018, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) implemented pharmaceutical drug serialization regulations to mitigate the risk of counterfeit medicine entering the US market. Under this regulation, the pharmaceutical drug manufacturer is required to print a 2D data matrix barcode encoded with unique identification on each drug unit. Basically, printing a unique identification code on each prescribed drug for authenticity and traceability is not sufficient to eliminate the risk of drug counterfeiting. Subsequently, criminals and drug counterfeiters can still supply illicit or stolen drugs into the supply chain through an illegal source or online trade by imitating the same information in multiple units. After this regulation's enforcement, we observed that the US market lacks a mechanism to authenticate individual drug units with a centralized, secure repository before dispensing them to patients. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, drug counterfeiters and criminals have produced large quantities of contaminated drugs, which they then distribute through their illicit networks and underground social media platforms. Furthermore, COVID-19 supply chain disruptions, non-business resilience, and the fear of ransomware have all contributed to a rise in the mass fabrication of counterfeit medications. Ultimately, the United States needs a centralized cloud-based database hub where all authorized trading partners should be connected for medicine authentication. In this process, the manufacturer must update the product's unique identifier in the centrally connected hub database before supplying drugs to the market. Further, the dispenser, pharmacy, or hospital should authenticate the unique identifier of the product using the same database before dispensing it to patients. Finally, this process will ensure that patients are getting authenticated medicine and will mitigate the risk of dispensing counterfeit or illegal drugs.
Development of Pedo-transfer Functions for Estimating Soil Aggregation and Erodibility in Kandi Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Brar Satinder Singh , Singh K. B.
Published: July 2023

Quantification of soil aggregation and erodibility from easily measurable soil characteristics have been done by using pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) and PTFs developed were compared using statistical and machine learning techniques for the kandi region of Punjab. Dataset 1, having six basic soil properties, was used for the estimation of mean weight diameter (MWD) and erodibility (K), prediction using an artificial neural network (ANN) was slightly better than a generalized linear model (GLM). In dataset 2, six basic soil properties in dataset 1 having high correlation with soil parameters were used and prediction using GLM was slightly better than ANN. In dataset 3 including all 11 basic soil properties, prediction using ANN was significantly better than GLM. Thus, ANN performs better for a complex system having a greater number of variables whereas for a small set having fewer variables, the statistical methods perform better.
Effect of Phosphorus Levels and Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Babycorn
Authors: Reddy K. Sai Harinath , Singh Shikha , Nawhal Anu
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season (2022) at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.). The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Phosphorous (30, 40, 50 kg ha-1) and 3 levels of micronutrients (Zn-0.5%), (B-0.5%) (Fe-0.5%). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The results reported that the application of 50kg ha-1 Phosphorous + 0.5% Zinc (treatment -7) recorded maximum plant height (160.7 cm), Maximum plant dry weight (74.60 g plant-1), No. of corns per plant (1.77), corn length (19.3 cm), corn yield (10.06 t ha-1),  green fodder yield (28.43 t ha-1). Maximum gross return (1,20501.00 INR ha-1), net return (77,444.00 INR ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.80) were recorded in (treatment -7) that is with 50 kg ha-1 Phosphorous + 0.5% Zinc.
COVID-19 and Its Effect on Natural Capital of Small and Marginal Farmers
Authors: Divya G. , Balasubramaniam P. , Devi M. Nirmala , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Mohanraj V.
Published: July 2023

Aim: The main aim of this research is to study COVID-19 effect on natural capital of small and marginal farmers.
Study Design: Ex post facto research design.
Place and Duration of Study: North western zone of Tamil Nadu includes Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem and Namakkal districts, India.
Two years (2021-2022).
Methodology: From the selected north western zone of Tamil Nadu, 320 respondents were purposively selected for conducting the study. Cochran sample size estimation used for the study to determine the sample size of the respondents. Due to its higher natural connectivity and diverse crop cultivation, north western zone of Tamil Nadu has been purposively selected for the district. Data were collected from small and marginal farmers during COVID-19 pandemic. Paper-Pencil survey method was used to collect data from the farmers. Paired t-test and eta squared statistic was computed to determine the intense of COVID-19 pandemic on small and marginal farmers. A comparative analysis was made among farmers before as well as during COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: Three fifth of the respondents (60.30%) fall under 25 to 50 per cent proportion of natural capital whereas above one third of the respondents (36.90%) comes under the category of below 25 per cent proportion of natural capital and a very meager amount of the respondents (2.80%) fall under the proportion of 50 to 75 per cent. None of the respondents comes under the category of 75 to 100 per cent proportion of natural capital. During COVID-19 pandemic, slightly more than half of the respondents (53.10%) belongs to 25 to 50 per cent proportion followed by below quadrant proportion (45.60%). Paired t-test results (t value: 12.905, P-value: <0.001) shows that there was a statistically significant difference in the overall natural capital of small and marginal farmers when before COVID-19 pandemic compared with during COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic shows larger effect (eta squared value= 0.343) on natural capital of small and marginal farmers. Strategies like diverse crop cultivation, a plan to value added products of perishable produce or a tie up with manufacturing industries for sale and higher livestock possession with fullest use of integrated resources to be followed by small and marginal farmers to ensure sustainable maintenance of natural resources.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques of Flowers and Foliages and Its Value Addition
Authors: Murmu Rashmi Jyoti , Topno Samir Ebson , Prasad V. M.
Published: July 2023

Fresh flowers and foliages are delightful and visually striking, it can be arduous to sustain their charm and pristine appearance over an extended duration, However this obstacle can be overcome by drying the flowers and foliages, enabling them to retain their allure. The present investigation the effect of different drying techniques of flowers and foliages and its value addition was carried out at the post harvest laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design comprising of two different methods of flower drying i.e. microwave oven drying with silica gel and microwave oven drying with sand and replicated three times containing six flowers per replication for six different flowers and foliage i.e. Rose, Gerbera, Jatropha, Dracaena, Fern and Thuja. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the drying techniques of Rose, Gerbera, Jatropha, Thuja, Fern and Dracaena. Maximum moisture loss was obtained in (T3) Jatropha embedded in silica gel and dried in microwave oven (77.13%). Best score in sensory evaluation in terms of colour, shape and texture was found highest in (T5) Dracaena embedded in silica gel and dried in microwave oven (scores- 4.18, 4.38, 4.03). So, the best drying technique considered was microwave oven drying with silica gel as an embedding medium.
Effect of TA41 on Growth, Yield and fruit Quality of Hybrid Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Protected Condition
Authors: Anurag  , Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E.
Published: July 2023

Protected cultivation provides a means to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses, enabling crop production even in adverse climates. A field experiment was carried out from March to May 2022 at the Horticulture Research Field in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institutes, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India, the effects of the treatment TA41 on hybrid cucumber were investigated. The experiment was entitled as “Effect of TA41 on growth, yield and fruit quality of hybrid cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected condition” with randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments. The experiment results revealed that hybrid cucumber performed extremely well under protected condition with respect to growth, earliness, yield and quality parameters. While taking the observation it was seen that in growth parameters, earliness and yield parameters, the highest values were recorded significantly maximum in treatment T8: Soil drenching of TA41 @ 25 ml/lt. + Foliar spray of TA41 @ 45 ml/lt. while comparing the qualitative parameters the highest values were recorded significantly maximum in treatment T4: Soil drenching of TA41 @ 15 ml/lt. + Foliar spray of TA41 @ 25 ml/lt. The benefit:cost ratio was obtained highest in treatment T4 (3.53). Besides, this hybrid also proved to be the best in terms of disease resistance and profitability. This study contributes valuable insights into the benefits of protected cultivation and the potential of TA41 for improving cucumber production. The findings have practical implications for growers, providing them with evidence-based recommendations to enhance their crop yields, quality, disease resistance, and profitability.
Drought Stress Modulation by Biochar and Effects on Soil and Performance of Seedlings of Urban Forest Tree Species
Authors: Ayodeji A. Ogunwole, , Samuel O. Agele, , Solomon A. Adejoro,
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study was designed to examine the effects of watering regime and biochar on soil properties and performance of seedlings of urban forest tree species (UFTS) in the nursery.
Study Design: The experiment was a 5 by 3 by 2 factorial scheme involving urban forest tree species, watering regimes and biochar amendment or not.
Place and Duration of Study: seedlings of five UFTS were raised in the Nursery and Screenhouse of Wesley University, Ondo, a rainforest zone of Nigeria.
Methodology: Seedlings of five Urban Forest Tree Species (UFTS) were subjected to watering at 80, 60 and 35% field capacity (FC) with or without biochar amendment. UFTS evaluated are: Bauhinia monandra, Delonix regia, Terminalia catappa, Dypsis lutescens and Veitchia merrillii.
Results: Watering regime and biochar amendment exerted significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties, physiological attributes and biochemical constituents and performance o the UFTS evaluated. Watering at 60 and 35% FC increased bulk and particle densities but reduced significantly (P<.05) soil moisture content at field capacity compare with watering at 80% FC. Further, the 60 and 35% FC watering exhibited low N, available K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Addition of biochar to the variously watered soil considerably reduced bulk density but remarkably increased porosity, field capacity moisture and plant available moisture. Biochar amendment increased soil pH, total and volatile organic matter contents, available K+ and Ca2+, extractable Mg2+ and dissolved phosphate (PO43+). The responses of growth traits and biochemical constituents of UFTS to watering regimes was species specific. Relative to 80 % FC watering, seedling growth attributes reduced significantly under deficit water application (60 and 35% FC) in addition to remarkable accumulation of osmolytes (osmoprotectants) and enzymatic activities. Biochar amendment enhanced accumulation of osmolytes and activities of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes of UFTS seedlings.
Conclusion: Differential watering and biochar amendment affected soil physical and chemical properties and growth of UFTS seedlings evaluated. Biochar amendment of the variously watered soil enhanced seedling growth, and appear as effective strategy for improving soil properties and UFTS performance, and for mitigation of adverse effects of suboptimal watering.
Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Sensing and GIS Approach in Sawangi Watershed of Yavatmal District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Dhruw S. S. , Patil N. G. , Anurag  , Naitam R. K. , Kumar N. , Kumar A.
Published: July 2023

Land cover is a physical appearance of land, representing its ecological status. It is dynamically changed due to human interventions, natural disturbances and successions. The research extent of such changes needs to be known for better land use planning decisions. Land use land cover changes during the period of 2008 to 2017 were analyzed usings geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing data were used to determine the changes based on time-series of Landsat satellite imagery in Sawangi watershed of Yavatmal district, Maharashtra. The comparison of each class of study over these years showed a significant change in land use and land cover. The result showed that there was a high increase in five land cover types, namely: current fallows (12.5 %), wasteland (2.34 %), habitation (0.07 %), industrial area (0.23 %) and water bodies (0.36 %). Contrarily, there was declension in three land cover types, namely: agriculture (12.7 %), shrub land (2.77 %), and forest (9 %). These finding will help in deciding land use planning for future in the watershed.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Prescribing Opioids, 2022—Need for Integrating Dosing Benchmarks With Shared Decision-Making
Authors: Sullivan Mark D. , Linder Jeffrey A. , Doctor Jason N.
Published: July 2023

This viewpoint evaluates the CDC’s 2022 clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids and suggests a model for supplemented shared decision-making between patients and clinicians about long-term opioid therapy.
Assessment of US Food and Drug Administration–Approved Digital Medical Devices for Just-in-Time Interventions
Authors: Phi Ngan Thi Thuy , Oikonomidi Theodora , Ravaud Philippe , Tran Viet-Thi
Published: July 2023

Importance

Just-in-time interventions (JITIs) are a type of digital therapeutic intervention that combines remote monitoring tools and algorithms to personalize the delivery of specific interventions at the right time. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory approval documents are often the only available source of information on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions based on these devices.

Objective

To systematically review the publicly available information from the FDA on all recently approved medical devices used in JITIs to (1) assess how they operate to deliver JITIs and (2) appraise the evidence supporting their performance and clinical effectiveness.

Evidence Review

Two reviewers systematically searched the Premarket Notifications (510(k)), Premarket Approvals, De Novo, and Humanitarian Device Exemption databases from January 2019 to December 2021 for all entries associated with devices that monitored patients’ data over time to personalize the delivery of interventions to treat, prevent, or mitigate health conditions or events. They assessed whether the product summaries (1) enabled an understanding of how the device operated to deliver a JITI (eg, the nature, type, and frequency of the monitoring, the nature of the decision algorithm, and the nature and intended receiver of the intervention); (2) informed about the performance and effectiveness of the JITI; and (3) included information on data security and ownership.

Findings

In total, 38 devices were included in this review. These were mainly intended for cardiac conditions (12 [31.6%]), diabetes (10 [26.3%]), and neurological diseases (4 [10.5%]). Monitoring devices ranged from wearable (18 of 28 [64.4%]; eg, smartwatches) to implanted sensors (6 of 28 [21.4%]; eg, inserted electrocardiographic sensors). Only 10 of 38 product summaries (26.3%) allowed a full understanding of how the device operated to deliver a JITI. Similarly, only 12 of 28 (42.9%), 12 of 36 (33.3%), and 5 of 38 (13.2%) reported the assessment of the performance of the monitoring device, assessment of the decision algorithm, and results of clinical studies assessing the effectiveness of the JITI, respectively. Finally, 14 of 36 product summaries (38.9%) included some information on data security, but none included information on data ownership.

Conclusion and Relevance

The results of this systematic review suggest that the information publicly available in the FDA databases on the performance and effectiveness of digital medical devices used in JITIs is heterogeneous.
Reasons for Discontinuation or Change of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Online Drug Reviews
Authors: Golder Su , Medaglio Dominique , O’Connor Karen , Hennessy Sean , Gross Robert , Gonzalez Hernandez Graciela
Published: July 2023

Importance

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a commonly prescribed medication class to treat a variety of mental disorders. However, adherence to SSRIs is low, and uncovering the reasons for discontinuation among SSRI users is an important first step to improving medication persistence.

Objective

To identify the reasons SSRIs are discontinued or changed, as reported by patients and caregivers in online drug reviews.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This qualitative study used natural language processing and machine learning to extract mentions of changes in SSRI intake from 667 drug reviews posted on the online health forum WebMD from September 1, 2007, to August 31, 2021. The type of medication change, including discontinuation, switch to another medication, or dose change and the reason for the change were manually annotated. In each instance in which an adverse event was reported, the event was categorized using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities primary system organ class (SOC) codes, and its relative frequency was compared with that in spontaneous reporting systems maintained by the US Food and Drug Administration and the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Reasons for SSRI medication change as assessed using SOC codes.

Results

In total, 667 reviews posted by 659 patients or caregivers (516 [78%] of patients were female; 410 [62%] 25-54 years of age) were identified that indicated a medication change: 335 posts indicated SSRI discontinuation, 188 posts indicated dose change, and 179 posts indicated switched medications. Most authors 625 (95%) were patients. The most common reason for medication discontinuation or switching was adverse events experienced, and the most common reason for dose change was titration. Both uptitration and downtitration were initiated by either a health care professional or patient. The most common adverse events were classified by SOC codes as psychiatric disorders, including insomnia, loss of libido, and anxiety. Compared with those in regulatory data, psychiatric adverse events, adverse events recorded by investigations (mostly weight gain) and adverse events associated with the reproductive system (mostly erectile dysfunction) were reported disproportionately more often.

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study of online drug reviews found that useful information was provided directly by patients or their caregivers regarding their medication behavior, specifically, information regarding SSRI treatment changes that may inform interventions to improve adherence. These findings suggest that these reported adverse events may be associated with SSRI persistence and that people may feel more inclined to report such events on social media than to clinicians or regulatory agencies.
Workforce Attrition Among Male and Female Physicians Working in US Academic Hospitals, 2014-2019
Authors: Chen Ya-Wen , Orlas Claudia , Kim Tommy , Chang David C. , Kelleher Cassandra M.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Retaining female physicians in the academic health care workforce is necessary to serve the needs of sociodemographically diverse patient populations.

Objective

To investigate differences in rates of leaving academia between male and female physicians.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used Care Compare data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for all physicians who billed Medicare from teaching hospitals from March 2014 to December 2019, excluding physicians who retired during the study period. Data were analyzed from November 11, 2021, to May 24, 2022.

Exposure

Physician gender.

Main Outcome and Measures

The primary outcome was leaving academia, which was defined as not billing Medicare from a teaching hospital for more than 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted adjusting for physician characteristics and region of the country.

Results

There were 294 963 physicians analyzed (69.5% male). The overall attrition rate from academia was 34.2% after 5 years (38.3% for female physicians and 32.4% for male physicians). Female physicians had higher attrition rates than their male counterparts across every career stage (time since medical school graduation: <15 years, 40.5% vs 34.8%; 15-29 years, 36.4% vs 30.3%; ≥30 years, 38.5% vs 33.3%). On adjusted analysis, female physicians were more likely to leave academia than were their male counterparts (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.23-1.28).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, female physicians were more likely to leave academia than were male physicians at all career stages. The findings suggest that diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts should address attrition issues in addition to recruiting more female physicians into academic medicine.
Evaluation of Crowdsourced Fundraising to Cover Health Care Costs for Neurological Conditions in the US
Authors: Galvin Christopher , Yang Winni , Saadi Altaf
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study characterizes the use of and rationale for crowdsourced fundraising by patients with neurological illnesses and their family members.
Performance of a Large Language Model on Practice Questions for the Neonatal Board Examination
Authors: Beam Kristyn , Sharma Puneet , Kumar Bhawesh , Wang Cindy , Brodsky Dara , Martin Camilia R. , Beam Andrew
Published: July 2023

This Diagnostic/Prognostic Study evaluates the performance of a large language model in generating answers to practice questions for the neonatal-perinatal board examination.
Mimicking Antioxidases and Hyaluronan Synthase: A Zwitterionic Nanozyme for Photothermal Therapy of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yu Peng , Li Yanyan , Sun Hui , Zhang Hongbo , Kang Han , Wang Peng , Xin Qiangwei , Ding Chunmei , Xie Jing , Li Jianshu
Published: July 2023

Restoring joint homeostasis is crucial for relieving osteoarthritis (OA). Current strategies are limited to unilateral efforts in joint lubrication, inhibition of inflammation, free radicals scavenging, and cartilage regeneration. Herein, by modifying molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with Mg2+‐doped polydopamine and coating with polysulfobetaines, a dual‐bionic photothermal nanozyme (MPMP) is constructed to mimic antioxidases/hyaluronan synthase for OA therapy. Photothermally enhanced lubrication lowers the coefficient of friction (0.028) in the early stage of OA treatment. The antioxidases‐mimicking properties of MPMP nanozyme contribute to eliminating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) (over 90% of scavenging ratio for H2O2/·OH/O·2–/DPPH/ABTS+) and supplying O2. With NIR irradiation, the MPMP nanozyme triggers thermogenesis (upregulating HSP70 expression) and Mg2+ release, which promotes the chondrogenesis in inflammatory conditions by deactivating NF‐κB/IL‐17 signaling pathways and enhancing MAPK signaling pathway. Benefiting from HSP70 and Mg2+, MPMP‐NIR shows HAS‐mimicking activity to increase the intracellular (twofold) and extracellular (3.12‐fold) HA production. Therefore, MPMP‐NIR demonstrates superior spatiotemporally therapeutic effect on OA in mice model, in terms of osteophytes (83.41% of reduction), OARSI scores (88.57% of reduction), and ACAN expression (2.70‐fold of increment). Hence, insights into dual‐bionic nanozymes can be a promising strategy for OA therapy or other inflammation‐related diseases.
Thermoplastic Elastomers for Wireless, Skin‐Interfaced Electronic, and Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Wu Yunyun , Liu Claire , Lapiere Mia , Ciatti Joanna L. , Yang Da Som , Berkovich Jaime , Model Jeffrey B. , Banks Anthony , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Chang Jan‐Kai , Nuzzo Ralph G. , Rogers John A.
Published: July 2023

Wireless, skin‐interfaced electronic and microfluidic devices have the potential to replace wired, bulky, and cumbersome technologies for personal and clinical health monitoring, allowing care to extend from hospital settings to the home. For use on skin, these devices commonly employ silicone‐based thermoset elastomers (TSEs) as layers that encapsulate the electronics or serve as molded microchannels for biofluid (e.g., sweat) capture, storage, and analysis. Barriers to commercial adoption of such devices include difficulties in use of these elastomers in conventional practices for mass manufacturing. Their relatively high cost and inability to allow for recycling represent additional disadvantages. By contrast, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are fully compatible with industrial‐scale manufacturing processes, low in cost, and recyclable. Like TSEs, TPEs are soft, stretchable, flexible, and optically transparent, while possessing other properties well‐suited for applications in wireless, skin‐interfaced devices. Herein, the characteristics, processing, and application techniques for three commercially available TPEs, including two thermoplastic polyurethanes as encapsulation layers for a wireless skin hydration sensor and one thermoplastic styrenic block copolymer for a microfluidic sweat analysis platform, are reported. The results demonstrate that TPEs can be effectively integrated into these classes of devices, as a compelling alternative to TSEs, as a mass‐manufacturable, sustainable materials option.
Comparative floral development in male and female plants of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)
Authors: Wu Wenzhuo , Jernstedt Judy , Mesgaran Mohsen B.
Published: July 2023

Premise

Characterizing the developmental processes in the transition from hermaphroditism to unisexuality is crucial for understanding floral evolution. Amaranthus palmeri, one of the most devastating weeds in the United States, is an emerging model system for studying a dioecious breeding system and understanding the biological traits of this invasive weed. The objectives of this study were to characterize phases of flower development in A. palmeri and compare organogenesis of flower development in female and male plants.

Methods

Flower buds from male and female plants were dissected for light microscopy. Segments of male and female inflorescences at different stages of development were cut longitudinally and visualized using scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Pistillate flowers have two to three styles, one ovary with one ovule, and five obtuse tepals. Staminate flowers have five stamens with five acute tepals. Floral development was classified into 10 stages. The distinction between the two flower types became apparent at stage four by the formation of stamen primordia in staminate flowers, which developed female and male reproductive organs initially, as contrasted to pistillate flowers, which produced carpel primordia only. In staminate flowers, the putative carpel primordia changed little in size and remained undeveloped.

Conclusions

Timing of inappropriate organ termination varies across the two sexes in A. palmeri. Our study suggests that the evolution of A. palmeri from a cosexual ancestral state to complete dioecy is still in progress since males exhibited transient hermaphroditism and females produced strictly pistillate flowers.
Profile of a flower: How rates of morphological evolution drive floral diversification in Ericales and angiosperms
Authors: Herting Julian , Schönenberger Jürg , Sauquet Hervé
Published: July 2023

Premise

Recent studies of floral disparity in the asterid order Ericales have shown that flowers vary strongly among families and that disparity is unequally distributed between the three flower modules (perianth, androecium, gynoecium). However, it remains unknown whether these patterns are driven by heterogeneous rates of morphological evolution or other factors.

Methods

Here, we compiled a data set of 33 floral characters scored for 414 species of Ericales sampled from 346 genera and all 22 families. We conducted ancestral state reconstructions using an equal‐rates Markov model for each character. We estimated rates of morphological evolution for Ericales and for a separate angiosperm‐wide data set of 19 characters and 792 species, creating “rate profiles” for Ericales, angiosperms, and major angiosperm subclades. We compared morphological rates among flower modules within each data set separately and between data sets, and we compared rates among angiosperm subclades using the angiosperm data set.

Results

The androecium exhibits the highest evolutionary rates across most characters, whereas most perianth and gynoecium characters evolve more slowly in both Ericales and angiosperms. Both high and low rates of morphological evolution can result in high floral disparity in Ericales. Analyses of an angiosperm‐wide floral data set reveal that this pattern appears to be conserved across most major angiosperm clades.

Conclusions

Elevated rates of morphological evolution in the androecium of Ericales may explain the higher disparity reported for this floral module. Comparing rates of morphological evolution through rate profiles proves to be a powerful tool in understanding floral evolution.
Late‐Stage Aryl C−H Bond Cyclopropenylation with Cyclopropenium Cations
Authors: Tu Hang‐Fei , Jeandin Aliénor , Bon Corentin , Brocklehurst Cara , Lima Fabio , Suero Marcos G.
Published: July 2023

Herein, we disclose the first regio‐, site‐ and chemoselective late‐stage (hetero)aryl C−H bond cyclopropenylation with cyclopropenium cations (CPCs). The process is fast, operationally simple and shows an excellent functional group tolerance in densely‐functionalized drug molecules, natural products, agrochemicals and fluorescent dyes. Moreover, we discovered that the installation of the cyclopropene ring in drug molecules could not only be used to shield against metabolic instability but also as a synthetic tool to reach medicinally‐relevant sp3‐rich scaffolds exploiting the highly‐strained nature of the cyclopropene ring with known transformations.
Toward Sustainable Metal‐Iodine Batteries: Materials, Electrochemistry and Design Strategies
Authors: Yu Haoxiang , Wang Zhen , Zheng Runtian , Yan Lei , Zhang Liyuan , Shu Jie
Published: July 2023

Due to the natural abundance of iodine, cost‐effective, and sustainability, metal‐iodine batteries are competitive for the next‐generation energy storage systems with high energy density, and large power density. However, the inherent properties of iodine such as electronic insulation and shuttle behavior of soluble iodine species affect negatively rate performance, cyclability, and self‐discharge behavior of metal‐iodine batteries, while the dendrite growth and metal corrosion on the anode side brings potential safety hazards and inferior durability. These problems of metal‐iodine system still exist and need to be solved urgently. Herein, we summarize the research progress of metal‐iodine batteries in the past decades. Firstly, the classification, design strategy and reaction mechanism of iodine electrode are briefly outlined. Secondly, the current development and protection strategy of conventional metal anodes in metal‐iodine batteries are highlighted, and some potential anode materials and their design strategies are proposed. Thirdly, the key electrochemical parameters of state‐of‐art metal‐iodine batteries are compared and analyzed to solve critical issues for realizing next‐generation iodine‐based energy storage systems. Therefore, the aim of this review is to promote the development of metal‐iodine batteries and provide guidelines for their design.
Effect of Cu+/2+ ions on the biological activity of their bis‐oxalyldihydrazone complexes: ctDNA interaction, antimicrobial and anticancer action
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Mohamed Mamdouh A.
Published: July 2023

Two bimetallic homoleptic complexes (CuL1 and CuL2) were synthesized from the coordination of Cu+/2+ ions with diisatin oxalyldihydrazone ligand (H2Lx), respectively. Confirmation of their chemical structures was based on the investigation of alternative spectroscopic tools. To distinguish the role of Cu+/2+ ion and its various charges on their complexes' reactivity, the bioreactivity of H2Lx, CuL1, and CuL2 was established on the spectral results against the growth of some microbial series (fungi and bacteria) and against three human cancer/normal cells. Furthermore, their behavior towards calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was evaluated through viscometric and spectrophotometric titration. Both CuL1 and CuL2 complexes exhibited an amazing inhibiting effect against the growth of the titled microbial series and the human cancer cells, corresponded to the inhibited zone (mm), MIC (μM), and IC50 magnitudes (μM) and compared with those of their uncoordinated H2Lx ligand. CuL1 demonstrated a featured interacted behavior against ctDNA over that of CuL2 depending on the obtained intrinsic binding constants and the derived Gibbs' free energy values. The assigned nature of interaction could be built on the covalent and/or noncovalent modes, which supported by the electronegativity and electrophilicity of the titled studied compounds towards ctDNA.
A Gas Sensor with Enhanced Sensing Properties towards Butyl Acetate: Vascular Bundle Structure Zn2SnO4 Derived from Maize Straw
Authors: Li Siqi , Qu Yuan , Lu Xiang , Zhang Feiyu , Liu Song , Li Bin
Published: July 2023

The development of butyl acetate sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity has been highly desirable for its harmful effects on human health. In this work, we developed a high‐performance butyl acetate sensor based on vascular bundle structure Zn2SnO4 nanomaterial derived from maize straw. The vascular bundle structure Zn2SnO4 with higher specific surface area obtained by calcination to remove the maize straw template, plays the dual role of accelerating the diffusion of gas molecules and providing more active sites. Our research showed that the sensor had a response of 18 to 100 ppm butyl acetate at a working temperature of 250 °C, with a fast response recovery rate (18 s/25 s), which showed significant improvement compared to the Zn2SnO4 sensor prepared without templates. The improved performance can be attributed to the cross‐linked nanoparticle chains and gas collision mechanism of the sensor. These findings highlight the potential of our sensor for the detection of butyl acetate gas.
Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from the Cordyceps cicadae and the immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Yang Xi‐Mei , Wang Si‐Qiang , Chen Li‐Sha , Zhu Zhen‐Yuan
Published: July 2023

A new exopolysaccharide component named as PC‐EPS was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, and its structure was determined. PC‐EPS was identified to be constituted of mannose, glucose, and galactose (28.84:1:19.42), with an average molecular weight of 3.72 × 106 Da, according to the results of monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, and methylation studies. According to structural characterization, PC‐EPS's connection type was made up of →6) ‐α‐d‐Manp (1→, →2) ‐β‐d‐Manp (1→, →4) ‐α‐d‐Manp (1→, →2) ‐α‐d‐Galf (1→, and →4) ‐α‐d‐Galp (1→. PC‐EPS may significantly increase phagocytosis and RAW264.7 cell proliferation. Additionally, by boosting intracellular lysozyme, cellular acid phosphatase, and cellular superoxide dismutase enzyme concentrations, as well as by promoting the generation of cellular NO, it is the potential to regulate the immunological activity of RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the effects of PC‐EPS on RAW264.7 cells increased their capacities to create tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 6 cytokines, all of which suggested that PC‐EPS had the potential to improve immunomodulatory activity.
The role of LncRNA‐regulated autophagy in AKI
Authors: Wang Peihan , Chen Wu , Zhao Sheng , Cheng Fan
Published: July 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical syndrome involving a series of pathophysiological processes regulated by multiple pathways at the molecular and cellular level. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of epigenetics, and their regulation of autophagy‐related genes in AKI has attracted increasing attention. However, the role of lncRNA‐regulated autophagy in AKI has not been fully elucidated. Evidence indicated that lncRNAs play regulatory roles in most factors that induce AKI. LncRNAs can regulate autophagy in AKI via a complex network of regulatory pathways to affect the development and prognosis of AKI. This article reviewed and analyzed the pathways of lncRNA regulation of autophagy in AKI in recent years. The results provide new ideas for further study of the pathophysiological process and targeted therapy for AKI.
Utilization of wild Cressa cretica biomass for pectinase production from a halo‐thermotolerant bacterium
Authors: Hassan Masooma , Ejaz Uroosa , Rashid Rozina , Moin Syed Faraz , Gulzar Salman , Sohail Muhammad , Hasan Khwaja Ali , Alswat Amal S. , El‐Bahy Zeinhom M.
Published: July 2023

Halophytes are the native inhabitants of saline environment. Their biomass can be considered as a potential substrate for the production of microbial enzymes. This study was intended at feasible utilization of a halophytic biomass, Cressia cretica, for pectinase production using a halo‐ and thermo‐tolerant bacterium, Bacillus vallismortis MH 10. The data from fractionation of the C. cretica biomass revealed presence of 17% pectin in this wild biomass. Seven different factors (temperature, agitation, pH, inoculum size, peptone concentration, substrate concentration, and incubation time) affecting pectinase production using C. cretica were assessed through a statistical tool, Plackett–Burman design. Consequently, two significant factors (incubation time and peptone concentration) were optimized using the central composite design. The strain produced 20 IU mL−1 of pectinase after 24 h under optimized conditions. The enzyme production kinetics data also confirmed that 24 h is the most suitable cultivation period for pectinase production. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of C. cretica biomass ascertained utilization of pectin and structural changes after fermentation. The purification of pectinase by using DEAE column yielded specific activity and purification fold of 88.26 IU mg−1 and 3.2, respectively. The purified pectinase had a molecular weight of >65 kDa. This study offers prospects of large‐scale production of pectinase by halotolerant strain in the presence of economical and locally grown substrate that makes the enzyme valuable for various industrial operations.
Prepare for potential impact of NLRB case alleging student‐athletes must be classified as employees
Authors: Caldwell Trevor R.
Published: July 2023

Although the National Labor Relations Board's general counsel has long made it clear that she believes student‐athletes at colleges and universities should qualify as employees under the NLRA, a recent complaint has become the first case that will test that position before the NLRB and federal courts.