bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NUCLEATE POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER IN ULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES ON SURFACES: AN REVIEW
Authors: DAS SUDEV , BHAUMIK SWAPAN
Published: January 2021

Boiling of multicomponent mixtures is characterized by a close linking between heat and mass transfer processes, with the evaporation rate usually being limited by the mass transfer process. This is significantly different from single and binary component systems where interfacial mass transfer rates are normally very high. Information on pool boiling of binary mixtures is widely available in the literature, whereas research on forced convective boiling of mixtures has become significant only over the last few years. This paper presents a brief review of experimental results obtained in pool boiling of ternary mixtures and also the empirical or theoretical correlations for these situations
Interaction between commodity prices and freight rates: Content analysis of the dry bulk market reports
Authors: AÇIK Abdullah , BAŞER Sadık Özlen
Published: January 2021

Most of the commodities used as raw materials for final products in the world economy are transported by sea by dry bulk cargo ships. Due to the derived demand structure, the demand for commodities directly affects the demand for shipping. One of the biggest indicators of the demand for commodities is their prices. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the relationship between commodity price and freight rate, which has been examined and verified by many studies in the empirical literature, is interpreted in the maritime industry. In this direction, the industry reports published by Fearnleys, one of the leading institutions of the maritime industry, are analyzed using interpretive content analysis method. Investigated market reports cover the period 23 February 2005 to 13 November 2019 and consist of a 752-week market summary report. The sections related to the dry bulk market and summarizing the Capesize, Panamax and Handymax markets are examined in the reports. According to the results, the relationship between the commodity price and freight rates in the sector reports is interpreted with the assumption that the commodity price reflects the demand for itself. In addition, the cargo shift between ship types arises according to the freight levels. Therefore, information and volatilities from commodity prices affect not only the freight of the specialized ship, but also the other freight markets.
PROCURANDO PAULO FREIRE NO CHILE, ALGUMAS OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE A ORIGEM E A EVOLUÇÃO DE SUAS IDEIAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Gajardo Marcela
Published: January 2021

Este artigo está baseado no livro de PAULO FREIRE, Crônica sobre seus anos no Chile, cuja versão eletrônica e resumida está disponível em (www.academia.edu). Além da análise em que se baseia este texto, a versão eletrônica contém sete textos inéditos preparados por Freire, relacionados com suas atividades como consultor do Instituto de Pesquisa, Treinamento e Reforma Agrária (ICIRA). Os documentos originais, em versões digitalizadas, estão disponíveis no Fundo José Miguel Arguedas da Biblioteca Nacional do Chile (DIBAM).
Non-pharmaco, non-invasive management of coronary no-reflow phenomenon
Authors: Sinha Santosh , Jha Mukesh , Aggarwal Puneet , Pandey Umeshwar , Sharma Awadesh , Razi Mahmodullah , Khanra Dibbendhu , Thakur Ramesh , Krishna Vinay
Published: January 2021

Introduction

No-reﬂow is an infrequent but dreaded complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where the culprit is obstruction of the downstream microvascular bed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of forceful injection of blood (autologous blood transfusion – ABT) in reversing no-reflow during PCI because data regarding its effectiveness is not available.

Material and methods

100–120 ml of blood was withdrawn through guiding catheter over 3 to 5 min using a 10 ml syringe and re-infused by forceful injection over 3 min through it, and its efficacy was assessed at 10 min using TIMI flow grade and quantitative corrected TIMI frame count.

Results

In total 93 patients received ABT following no-reflow. Their clinical presentation was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 61; 65.6%), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 23; 24.7%), and unstable angina (n = 9; 9.6%). It was observed among patients undergoing primary PCI (n = 18; 19.3%), pharmaco-invasive PCI (n = 27; 29%), rescue PCI (n = 11; 11.8%), and PCI for cardiogenic shock (n = 5; 5.3%). A mean volume of 108 ±4 ml blood was transfused. Commonest culprit vessel was left anterior descending artery (n = 51; 54.8%) followed by right coronary (n = 29; 31.2%), left circumflex (n = 19; 10.8%), and saphenous vein grafts (n = 3; 3.2%). Following ABT, TIMI 3 flow was successfully restored in 77 (82.7%) patients. TIMI flow grade improved from 1.02 to 2.52 and cTIMI frame count decreased from 60.6 ±12 to 16.1 ±6 (p < 0.001). ABT was well tolerated except transient hypotension (n = 17; 18.3%). Overall mortality was reported in 10 (10.7%) patients at 1 year.

Conclusions

In this largest and only study to date, ABT is a safe and highly effective approach to reverse no-reﬂow by raising driving pressure across the capillary bed.
Examining the impact of mindfulness and self-compassion on the relationship between mental health and resiliency
Authors: Rizal Fajar , Egan Helen , Cook Amy , Keyte Rebecca , Mantzios Michail
Published: January 2021

Background

Mechanisms for improving resiliency, and the potential benefits of doing so, are not well evidenced and understood. This research explored the relationship between mental health and resiliency, to broaden the perspectives of influ-ences on resiliency by controlling for mindfulness and self-compassion.

Participants and procedure

One questionnaire comprised four pre-developed questions, examining mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and stress), resilience, mindfulness and self-compassion. Participants (N = 551) were recruited from the general public across the West and East Midlands of England.

Results

The results showed that poor mental health was related negatively to resilience. Furthermore, the negative relation-ship of resiliency with mental health was mediated when controlling for mindfulness and self-compassion.

Conclusions

Mindfulness and compassion-based interventions have the potential to develop resiliency by influencing their rela-tionship with health. Future directions are discussed.
Grandparental influence on young adult grandchildren: the role of grandparental empathy and quality of intergenerational relationships
Authors: Michałek-Kwiecień Justyna
Published: January 2021

Background

Grandparent-grandchild relationships play an important role in the lives of young adults. The aim of the current study was to examine young adult grandchildren’s perceptions of the predictors of grandparental influence, includ-ing the quality of the intergenerational relationship and perceived grandparent’s empathy.

Participants and procedure

The sample consisted of 363 young adults (55.9% female). The participants were surveyed about the quality of relationship with their closest grandparent (i.e., the frequency of contact, geographical proximity and relational closeness), grandparental empathy, and perception of grandparental influence.

Results

The maternal grandmother was most often indicated as the closest grandparent. The perception of grandparental influence was predicted by the quality of intergenerational relationships and grandparental empathy after control-ling for sociodemographic variables, moderated by grandchild’s gender. Particularly, both for granddaughters and grandsons the relational closeness with the closest grandparent and perceived empathy were significant predictors of grandparental influence, but perceived grandparental empathy was a stronger predictor for granddaughters, whereas the relational closeness was a stronger predictor for grandsons.

Conclusions

The role of the quality of grandparent-grandchild relationships and grandparental empathy in young adults’ per-ceptions of grandparents’ influence was confirmed and gender differences in determinants of grandparental influ-ence were found. These findings may be helpful in developing intergenerational programs targeted at improving the quality of the relationship with grandparents and their role in young adult grandchildren’s lives.
Sacrifices of women and men in close relationships: the types and structure of sacrifices. The approach and avoidance motives for making sacrifices
Authors: Mandal Eugenia
Published: January 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to examine what is perceived as sacrifice in close relationships by women and by men. The goal was to find out what the structure of the sacrifices is, and whether they are related to each other. The motives of sacrifice were also examined in approach-avoidance motivation theory.

Participants and procedure

The study encompassed 144 participants (93 females aged between 20 and 50) who were asked to provide casual written accounts on what constitutes sacrifice in close heterosexual relationships and the reasons why partners in those relationships would be willing to make sacrifices. The expert judge assessment method, frequency and factor analyses were used.

Results

The sacrifices that were most frequently reported were those linked to an individual’s professional career, sacrifices made for family reasons and giving up one’s everyday pleasures. Females more frequently make sacrifices linked to their roles within the family, while males are likely to sacrifice in changes of their lifestyle. The most common motive for sacrifice is the love motive and the least common is pressure from the outside. Women named the motive of love more frequently, while men tended to point to the willingness to improve on the quality of the relationship, their personal benefits and sense of obligation.

Conclusions

Men and women are willing to sacrifice in close relationships by trying to alter their lifestyle from that of a single person to one that prioritizes their significant others.
Potential influence from lower limb preference and 1-RM on cartilage thickness
Authors: Bini Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The aims of this study were to assess the potential retrospective relationship between limb preference and cartilage thickness, and to determine the association between measures of strength using 1-RM tests and cartilage thickness.

Methods

Cross-sectional retrospective design was employed. Limb preference and injury history were collected using the Waterloo Inventory followed by femoral cartilage imaging using ultrasound. 15 apparently healthy participants (11 males and four females) without musculoskeletal or neurological diseases volunteered for the study. After collection of anthropometric measures, warm-up and familiarization, participants performed 1-RM for back half-squat on a Smith machine. Ultrasound images were digitized to determine bilateral differences and femoral cartilage thickness.

Results

Significant moderate association between the existence of a prior injury and bilateral differences in cartilage thickness (r = -0.63, p < 0.01), in favor of the preferred limb was observed. Significant moderate association between the 1-RM, as percentage of body mass, and the mean cartilage thickness between limb (r = 0.58, p = 0.049).

Conclusions

Bilateral differences in cartilage thickness are not associated with limb preference but depend on the history of lower limb injuries. The relative load lifted during a 1-RM half-squat is associated with thicker femoral cartilages, which suggests that relative strength is an important measure of cartilage health.
Is rating of perceived exertion a valid method to monitor intensity during blood flow restriction exercise?
Authors: Aniceto Rodrigo Ramalho , Robertson Robert J. , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Costa Pablo B. , Araújo Leandro Cândido de , Silva Julio Cesar Gomes da , Cirilo-Sousa Maria do Socorro
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To examine the concurrent validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (RE+BFR).

Methods

Twelve trained men participated in an orientation session and 2 experimental sessions: RE+BFR and traditional resistance exercise (TRE). Arm curl and leg extension exercises were standardized by the total volume of 3 sets of 16 repetitions at 35% of 1RM for RE+BFR and 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 70% of 1RM for TRE. BFR was applied to proximal positions of both the upper and lower limbs using an elastic knee wrap with a width of 7.6 cm. The blood lactate concentration ([La]), RPE in the active muscles (RPE-AM), and in the overall body (RPE-O) were measured at rest and the end of each set using the OMNI-RES.

Results

In RE+BFR, positive linear regression coefficients (p < 0.01) were found between [La] and RPE-AM (arm curl, r = 0.54; leg extension, r = 0.71) and between [La] and RPE-O (arm curl, r = 0.55; leg extension, r = 0.74). Similarly, in TRE, positive coefficients (p < 0.01) were observed between [La] and RPE-AM (arm curl: r = 0.63; leg extension: r = 0.63) and between [La] and RPE-O (arm curl: r = 0.60; leg extension: r = 0.59).

Conclusions

The RPE scale was shown to be a valid method to monitor and regulate intensity during RE+BFR in the upper and lower limbs.
Structural changes in foot and arch dimensions in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Barczyk-Pawelec Katarzyna , Hawrylak Arletta , Bińczyk Adrian , Demczuk-Włodarczyk Ewa
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The goal of the study was to investigate changes in foot anatomical characteristics in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Methods

Twenty pregnant women (mean age: 30.8 years) from a local clinic were recruited. Body mass, foot length and
width, longitudinal arch height, and several angular variables quantifying plantar and arch structure were measured. A foot
imprint was obtained with a digital podoscope (CQ Elektronik System, Poland) at the beginning and end of the third trimester of pregnancy.

Results

Body mass was significantly greater at the end of the last trimester. Increases were also observed in the SztriterGodunow index in both feet (p < 0.007), although foot length and width increased only in the left foot. Among the angular
characteristics, the only significant changes involved an increase in the talocalcaneal angle (p < 0.007) and a decrease in
the 1st metatarsophalangeal angle in the right foot (p < 0.04).

Conclusions

Significant changes in plantar and arch structure were observed in the final trimester of pregnancy, primarily
involving a transverse expansion of the left foot and alteration in the angular characteristics of the right foot. The results
of the research show anthropometric changes in feet of women in the last trimester of pregnancy. They indicate the foot parts
in which the greatest changes occur and what the direction of these changes is. This will allow to create a preventive foot
corrective exercise program for pregnant women.
Concurrent validity and reliability of 3-day physical activity recall on daily energy expenditure in children and adolescents
Authors: Damasceno Vinicius Oliveira , Lima Jorge Roberto Perrout , Gonçalves Reginaldo , Vianna Jeferson Macedo , Werneck Francisco Zacaron , Amorin Paulo Roberto , Lima-Júnior Dalton , Lamounier Joel Alves
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to validate the 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) for measuring daily energy
expenditure in children and adolescents.

Methods

Children and adolescents, a total of 148 participants, were recruited in 10 schools. The data collection was carried out in a period of 11 months. The measurements of weight, skinfold, and circumferences were performed. After the
anthropometric assessment, an accelerometer was put on and the participant remained with the electrodes during 5 days.
On the fifth day, the accelerometer was taken off and 3DPAR was applied. After 1 week of the study (eighth day), 3DPAR
was applied again for testing reliability.

Results

In the analysis of reliability and internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.73 for the first assessment of 3DPAR
and 0.83 for the second one. The consistency of the values estimated by 3DPAR yielded Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 in the
first assessment and 0.83 in the second one. The correlations and the coefficient of determination between 3DPAR and the
accelerometer were considered moderate and significant (r = 0.645, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

3DPAR presented satisfactory reliability and moderate correlations with the criterion measurement in children
and adolescents aged 10–12 years.
A review of stress management interventions for the oncology nursing workforce: What do we know and what should we be doing differently?
Authors: Kent William , Hulbert-Williams Nicholas , Hochard Kevin
Published: January 2021

Oncology nurses are at risk of chronic stress. In this narrative review we provide an overview of stress man-agement intervention studies for oncology nurses, and suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Thera-py/Training (ACT) provides a better intervention framework due to the relevance of underpinning therapeutic processes (e.g. acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification) to the role and stress-related experiences of this workforce population. Current evidence for the effectiveness of stress management intervention varies, with few studies describing how theory informs intervention content, or justifying why they should benefit this popu-lation specifically. ACT lends itself to data-driven intervention development, thus potentially addressing some methodological limitations in this field. Only one trial has tested ACT in this population, reporting only partial effects. Further empirical research is required given (a) the applicability of ACT for this population and context, and (b) the associated advantages of brief and/or group delivery to address known barriers to participating in stress management interventions.
Work-life balance among newly employed officers – a qualitative study
Authors: Oskarsson Emma , Österberg Johan , Nilsson Joel
Published: January 2021

Background

A military career puts great demands on the individual as regards combining working life and private life. The military and the family both demand time, energy, engagement, and commitment from the individual. Finding an appropriate balance between work and non-work might be particularly complex during military training and deployments that require extended periods away from home. The aim of this study was to investigate newly employed officers’ perceptions of work-life balance and its implications for future careers.

Participants and procedure

This article is based on 34 semi-structured interviews with newly employed officers and non-commissioned officers in the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF). The interviews were analyzed according to the six-phase ap-proach of coding and theme development by thematic analysis.

Results

The analysis resulted in the emergence of three main themes: coping with different loyalties, individual and organizational strategies, and concerns about the future. All officers expressed loyalty to their work and organi-zation, but these perceptions were influenced by significant others in private life. High ambitions in combination with stressful working conditions made organizational supportive strategies important, but these differed be-tween units. Concerns about a constantly high workload and lack of recovery were highlighted, as well as con-cerns about future career and family building.

Conclusions

In order to retain qualified personnel, the SAF should provide support and create conditions that help employ-ees to balance work and non-work. A career in the Armed Forces will inevitably entail a reduced work-life bal-ance, and our results show that the newly employed officers are highly aware of this. To ease the pressure, the SAF could be clearer about the expectations on their new employees.
Nutrition Science for Health and Longevity: What Every Clinician Needs to Know
Authors:   Gaples Institute
Published: January 2021

This online nutrition course for clinicians, approved for 4 hours of continuing medical education, is designed to provide a solid foundation of clinically relevant nutrition knowledge, and outlines practical strategies to incorporate nutritional counseling into a busy clinical practice. Course elements include: 1) Clickable links to more than 100 key references; 2) Sections on clinician self-care, fad diets, screening for patients with food insecurity, and motivational interviewing; 3) Over 20 immersive clinical scenarios; 4) Downloadable summaries of each section with key takeaways.
Pengaruh kepemilikan institusional terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel intervening pada sektor basic Industry & Chemicals yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia perode 2014-2019
Authors: Assaury Andi Muh Sofian , Adriani Adriani
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unuk mengukur sejauhmana pengaruh dari Struktur kepemilikan perusahaan (X) terhadap nilai perusahaaan (Y) dengan Return on Asset (Z) sebagai variabel intervening pada Pada sektor basic Industry & Chemicals yang terdaftar dibursa efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan di sektor basic Industry & Chemicals yang terdaftar sebanyak 44 perusahaan, yang kemudian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel sehingga jumlah sampel dari 44 populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 21 perusahaan basic Industry & Chemicals yang terdaftar di  bursa efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2019. Adapun Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi linier berganda. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) struktur kepemilikan perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, (2) Struktur kepemilikan perusahaan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap return on asset ,(3) return on asset berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dan (4) variabel Return on Asset (ROA) sebagai variabel intervening tidak mampu menghubungkan pengaruh antara variabel struktur kepemilikan terhadap variabel nilai perusahaan.
periodontitis: A Risk Factor for Preterm Labour
Authors: Ijaz Munir Shamila , Naseer Falak , Ahsan Amna , Gondal, Mahnaz , Khalil Nazia , Rao Nimra
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the relationship between periodontitis and preterm labour in pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Methods: This case control study was conducted at Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit 4 of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for six months. The delivering women, who consented to participate, were divided into two case and control groups. For each case one control was enrolled who met the inclusion criteria, so total sample size was 380 women. Women delivered before 37 weeks of gestation were case group and those delivered after 37 weeks were control group. A patient was considered having periodontitis if she had probing pocket depth of ≥3mm in at least 3 sites. Data was collected and analyzed on SPSS version 21. Results: In this study the mean age of the case group patients was 28.52±6.45 years while of the control group was 28.67±6.35 years. The mean value of probing depth pocket in the case group was 3.872±1.37 while the mean value probing depth pocket of the control group was 3.58±1.52. Out of 380 patients the periodontitis was found in 275 patients. The odds of having periodontitis in case group was 1.85 times higher than control group i.e. OR=1.85[1.17-2.92]. Conclusion: Periodontitis is a preventable risk factor of preterm labour in women presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Keywords: Preterm Labour, Periodontitis, dental hygiene, preterm delivery
Agreement Between Waist Hip Ratio and Total Cholesterol to HDL Ratio in the Diagnosis of Raised Total Cholesterol in Post Menopausal Women
Authors:   ,1 ,2 ,3  Bhatti,4 ,5 6, Asif Muhammad , Pervaiz Abida , Fatima Wajiha , Umer Naseer , Yousaf Muhammad Iftikhar , Mahmood Malik Ayesha
Published: January 2021

Objective: To establish the presence of hypercholesterolemia in post-menopausal women by checking an agreement between waist hip ratio (WHR: at a cut off 0.84) with total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TC/HDL at a cut off 4). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the department of medicine over a period of 6 months. 225patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited after explaining the procedure and taking informed consent. 5 ml. of an eight hours fasting blood drawn in the serum vial and sent to the laboratory for the analysis of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol according to the hospital laboratory protocol. Waist and hip measurements taken via a reference point at umbilicus and 5 c.m below it via a measuring tape. Results: 112(49.78%) individuals were from 61-65 years, 69 (30.67%) between 56-60 and only 44(19.55%) were between 51-55 years of age. Frequency of agreement between WHR and TC/HDL ratio was calculated which revealed 72.44%(n=163) as positive and 27.56%(n=62) as negative. Conclusion: It was established that WHR and TC/HDL remains a strong indicator in preventing major cardiovascular events. Key words: waist hip ratio, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, post-menopausal.
Safety and Efficacy of Four Anti-Diabetic Treatment Regimens in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during Ramadan fasting: A Comparative Study
Authors: Burney Saira , Khawaja Khadija Irfan , Fatima Aziz , Atif Ali , Masud (Late) Faisal
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the anti-hyperglycaemic effectiveness and safety of different anti-diabetic treatment regimens in fasting type 2 diabetic subjects during Ramadan. Methods: This was a prospective four-week study of 161 subjects with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.5-8.5%) during Ramadan, at the Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Study participants were randomized into four treatment groups: lifestyle modification only (group 1: lifestyle), metformin monotherapy (group 2: Metformin), metformin and sulfonylurea (group 3: Met/SU) and metformin and DPP4 inhibitor (group 4: Met/Sita). Anthropometric and biochemical evaluation were done one week before onset of Ramadan and in the last week of Ramadan. 134 patients completed the study protocol and repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the groupsfor change inclinical and laboratory parameters from pre-Ramadan baseline. Results: There was a significant decrease in mean blood glucose (mg/dL) and fructosamine(µmol/L)levels post-Ramadan in all treatment groups, with the greatest reduction seen in Met/Sita treatment group [(fructosamine -35.9, p <0.01), mean blood glucose (-23.6, p< 0.05)]. In the safety analysis, Met/Sita group also showed improvement in several metabolic parameters including lipid profile (cholesterol -12.4 mg/dL, p < 0.05; LDL -8.6mg/dL, p <0.05; triglycerides -41.9mg/dL, p <0.05) and transaminases. Only one patient among the study population reported a hypoglycaemic event (Met/SU group). Conclusion: During Ramadan fasting, combination treatment with metformin-sitagliptinin type 2 diabetic subjects resulted in the greatest improvement in glycaemic control without causing hypoglycaemia, and was associated with improvement in lipid profile and hepatic transaminases. Key words: Metformin, sitagliptin, fasting, Ramadan, type 2 diabetes, glucose control
Short Term Effectiveness of Intraatricular Injection of Methylprednisolone Acetate in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome in a tertiary care hospital.
Authors: sohail M.Amir , ali Nijat , Ahmad Zulfiqar Zahoor , Razzaq Sohail , Mahmood Arif , Wasim Shafqat
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine mean decrease in VAS pain score of intraarticular injection of methyl prednisolone acetate in patients of subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods: Its Descriptive Case Series/ Quasi experimental study. Study was conducted in department of Orthopedics Unit- I, Jinnah hospital Lahore. Study completed in Six months i.e. from June 2014 to December 2014.After taking an informed consent, 70 newly diagnosed cases of Subacromial impingement syndrome by history and examination (described by the patient as pain in subacromial space when the humerus was elevated or internally rotated and tested by having the patient place his hand on the unaffected shoulder and gradually forward flexing the shoulder (positive impingement sign)which have not received any kind of treatment were included. Results: Effectiveness of intraarticular injection of methyl prednisolone acetate was measured on visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 by VAS score after 6 weeks. 70 patients with mean age of 36.2 ± 10.6 years were included. 61 patients (75.7%) were male, 10 patients (14.3%) had gout and 20% were diabetic. Mean pretreatment VAS score was 5.03 ± 1.58 while mean post-treatment VAS score was 3.86 ± 0.839. Mean reduction was 1.17 ± 1.57 ranged from 2 to 6. There was non-significant association of age and diabetes with mean reduction in VAS score while female gender and gout were significantly and negatively associated with treatment outcome. It is concluded that mean reduction in VAS score after 6 weeks of treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome after intra articular methylprednisolone injection is 1.17 ± 1.57 and acceptable. Conclusion: It is concluded that intraatricular injection of methyl prednisolone injection is efficacious and effective for treatment of Subacromial impingement syndrome in Pakistani population. Keyword: subacromial impingement syndrome, intra articular methylprednisolone injection, visual analogue scale, effectiveness.
Lissocarpa bracki (Ebenaceae) una nueva especie del Perú
Authors: Vásquez Martínez Rodolfo , Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles Rocio
Published: January 2021

Se describe e ilustra a Lissocarpa bracki (Ebenaceae),una nueva especie proveniente de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado Peruano: Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul y Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén.Se caracteriza por las ramitas teretes,no anguladas,lóbulos de cáliz,truncados y diminutamente carinado-apiculados en la parte media,tubo de la corola en la base con 8 escamas laminares oblongas, detrás de los estambres, diminutas, 0,3-0,4 por 0,15 mm, diminutamente glandulosas hacia el ápice y frutos oblongoides 2,5-3,4 por 1,5-1,8,cm. Adicionalmente se acompañan ilustraciones,fotografías,se discuten sus relaciones con la especie afín,e incluyen datos sobre su distribución geográfica y ecología,fenología, y su estado actual.También se incluye una clave para identificar las especies de Lissocarpa que ocurren en el Perú.
Paginas olvidadas
Authors: Cisneros Luis Benjamín
Published: January 2021

Bajo los auspicios del Ministerio de Educación Pública fueron recopiladas y editadas las Obras Completas de Luis Benjamín Cisneros, al conmemorarse, en 1937, el primer centenario de su nacimiento. Pero los tres volúmenes, aparecidos en 1939, no incluyeron todos los escritos del celebrado poeta.Y es posible que a ello coadyuvaran: la dispersión y aún la destrucción física de las publicaciones donde aquel colaboró; algún posible auto de fé, llevado a cabo por el propio autor al depurar su estilo y juzgar que sus trabajos juveniles no armonizaban con el tono logrado en la fase definitiva de su vida; y quizá la premura del plazo señalado a los compiladores para efectuar la edición.
Assessing Urban Methane Emissions using Column Observing
Portable FTIR Spectrometers and a Novel Bayesian Inversion
Framework
Authors: Jones Taylor S. , Franklin Jonathan E. , Chen Jia , Dietrich Florian , Hajny Kristian D. , Paetzold Johannes C. , Wenzel Adrian , Gately Conor , Gottlieb Elaine , Parker Harrison , Dubey Manvendra , Hase Frank , Shepson Paul B. , Mielke Levi H. , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict, and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA during a field campaign in May of 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (
Global Ensemble of Temperatures over 1850–2018: Quantification of
Uncertainties in Observations, Coverage, and Spatial modelling
(GETQUOCS)
Authors: Ilyas Maryam , Nychka Douglas , Brierley Chris , Guillas Serge
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Instrumental temperature records are derived from the network of in situ measurements of land and sea surface temperatures. This observational evidence is seen as fundamental to climate science. Therefore, the accuracy of these measurements is of prime importance for the analysis of temperature variability. There are spatial gaps in the distribution of instrumental temperature measurements across the globe. This lack of spatial coverage introduces coverage error. An approximate Bayesian computation based multi-resolution lattice kriging is developed and used to quantify the coverage errors through the variance of the spatial process at multiple spatial scales. It critically accounts for the variation in the parameters of this advanced spatial statistics model itself, thereby providing for the first time a full description of both the spatial coverage uncertainties along with the uncertainties in the modeling of these spatial gaps. These coverage errors are combined with the existing estimates of uncertainties due to observational issues at each station location. It results in an ensemble of 100,000 monthly temperatures fields over the entire globe that samples the combination of coverage, parametric and observational uncertainties from 1850 till 2018 over a 5° × 5° grid.
Ionospheric control of space weather
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We propose that ionospheric plasma injections to the magnetosphere (ionospheric injection) represent a new plasma process in the polar ionosphere. The ionospheric injection is first triggered by westward electric fields transmitted from the convection surge in the magnetosphere in association with dipolarization onset. Localized westward electric fields result in local accumulation of ionospheric electrons because of differing electron and ion mobility in the E-layer. This charge imbalance was quickly reduced by polarization electric fields generated in the ionosphere. Meanwhile, ion/electron populations are partially released as injections to the magnetosphere to sustain initial potential distributions in quasi-neutral equilibrium. Resultant geomagnetic field lines are not in equipotential equilibrium during ionospheric injections but instead develop field-aligned potentials to extract ions/electrons ejected from the ionosphere. Field-aligned potential can exist in the magnetic mirror geometry of auroral field lines if the magnetospheric plasma follows quasi-neutral equilibrium. The parallel potential distribution may be global in scale varying monotonically along the field lines between the ionosphere and the equator. Amplified equatorial projection of ionospheric potentials then develop substorm dipolarization processes in a positive feedback loop. Cold plasmas from the ionosphere are distributed along the dynamical trajectories in the magnetosphere and conserve the total energy (including electrostatic potentials) and first adiabatic invariant. They distribute along a dynamical trajectory either leaving only the energetic part of ionospheric plasmas or not changing velocity space distributions from the ionospheric source.
A field evidence model: how to predict transport in heterogeneous aquifers at low investigation level
Authors: Zech Alraune , Dietrich Peter , Attinger Sabine , Teutsch Georg
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Aquifer heterogeneity in combination with data scarcity is a major challenge for reliable solute transport prediction. Velocity fluctuations cause non-regular plume shapes with potentially long-tailing and/or fast-travelling mass fractions. High monitoring cost and a shortage of simple concepts have limited the incorporation of heterogeneity into many field transport models up to now. We present an easily applicable hierarchical conceptualization strategy for hydraulic conductivity to integrate aquifer heterogeneity into quantitative flow and transport modelling. The modular approach combines large-scale deterministic structures with random substructures. Depending on the modelling aim, the required structural complexity can be adapted. The same holds for the amount of monitoring data. The conductivity model is constructed step-wise following field evidence from observations, seeking a balance between model complexity and available field data. The starting point is a structure of deterministic blocks, derived from head profiles and pumping tests. Then, subscale heterogeneity in the form of random binary inclusions is introduced to each block. Structural parameters can be determined, for example, from flowmeter measurements or hydraulic profiling. As proof of concept, we implemented a predictive transport model for the heterogeneous MADE site. The proposed hierarchical aquifer structure reproduces the plume development of the MADE-1 transport experiment without calibration. Thus, classical advection–dispersion equation (ADE) models are able to describe highly skewed tracer plumes by incorporating deterministic contrasts and effects of connectivity in a stochastic way without using uni-modal heterogeneity models with high variances. The reliance of the conceptual model on few observations makes it appealing for a goal-oriented site-specific transport analysis of less well investigated heterogeneous sites.
Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Pan Ming , Miralles Diego G. , Reichle Rolf H. , Dorigo Wouter A. , Hahn Sebastian , Sheffield Justin , Karthikeyan Lanka , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Parinussa Robert M. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Du Jinyang , Kimball John S. , Vergopolan Noemi , Wood Eric F.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Information about the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture is critical for many purposes, including monitoring of hydrologic extremes, irrigation scheduling, and prediction of agricultural yields. We evaluated the temporal dynamics of 18 state-of-the-art (quasi-)global near-surface soil moisture products, including six based on satellite retrievals, six based on models without satellite data assimilation (referred to hereafter as “open-loop” models), and six based on models that assimilate satellite soil moisture or brightness temperature data. Seven of the products are introduced for the first time in this study: one multi-sensor merged satellite product called MeMo (Merged soil Moisture) and six estimates from the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model with three precipitation inputs (ERA5, IMERG, and MSWEP) with and without assimilation of SMAPL3E satellite retrievals, respectively. As reference, we used in situ soil moisture measurements between 2015 and 2019 at 5 cm depth from 826 sensors, located primarily in the USA and Europe. The 3-hourly Pearson correlation (R) was chosen as the primary performance metric. We found that application of the Soil Wetness Index (SWI) smoothing filter resulted in improved performance for all satellite products. The best-to-worst performance ranking of the four single-sensor satellite products was SMAPL3ESWI, SMOSSWI, AMSR2SWI, and ASCATSWI, with the L-band-based SMAPL3ESWI (median R of 0.72) outperforming the others at 50 % of the sites. Among the two multi-sensor satellite products (MeMo and ESA-CCISWI), MeMo performed better on average (median R of 0.72 versus 0.67), probably due to the inclusion of SMAPL3ESWI. The best-to-worst performance ranking of the six open-loop models was HBV-MSWEP, HBV-ERA5, ERA5-Land, HBV-IMERG, VIC-PGF, and GLDAS-Noah. This ranking largely reflects the quality of the precipitation forcing. HBV-MSWEP (median R of 0.78) performed best not just among the open-loop models but among all products. The calibration of HBV improved the median R by +0.12 on average compared to random parameters, highlighting the importance of model calibration. The best-to-worst performance ranking of the six models with satellite data assimilation was HBV-MSWEP+SMAPL3E, HBV-ERA5+SMAPL3E, GLEAM, SMAPL4, HBV-IMERG+SMAPL3E, and ERA5. The assimilation of SMAPL3E retrievals into HBV-IMERG improved the median R by +0.06, suggesting that data assimilation yields significant benefits at the global scale.
Police in social media: To protect and share?
Authors: Lev-on Azi , Yavetz Gal
Published: January 2021

This article explores how senior police officers perceive the presence of the police on social media. While interviewees argued that the police have a “duty of presence” on social media, they also reported that it should focus on information-provision and image-enhancement on the police’s home turf, avoiding confrontations in “external” social media arenas. In addition to its contribution to understanding perceptions of social media in public organizations by collecting data from “elite interviewees,” this paper also makes a theoretical contribution by introducing internal and external social media arenas as significant variables that assist in understanding public organization social media usage. Building on Mergel’s (2013) model of modes of operation of public organizations in social media (representation, engagement, and networking), this study demonstrates that representation prevails in internal social media arenas, while networking is more characteristic of external social media arenas.
Web site blocking as a proxy of policy alignment
Authors: Merrill Nick , Weber Steven
Published: January 2021

This work introduces a new metric of policy alignment between states: Web site blocking. Intuitively, we measure the degree to which states block similar content. This metric speaks to the flow of information in the digital layer of international politics, an element of international trade and cooperation that existing metrics fail to capture. In addition, our measure can be constantly scraped and updated, offering a higher temporal resolution than existing metrics. Our work suggests a link between Internet governance and other issues in international relations (e.g., trade). Since our metric can be updated in real time, future work could use our metric to detect geopolitical shifts more rapidly than would otherwise be possible.
Evaluation of Patients with an Initial Diagnosis of Chorea: Sydenham Chorea and Differential Diagnoses
Authors: Aksu Uzunhan Tuğçe , İrdem Ahmet
Published: January 2021

Objective: Our aim is to evaluate patients being referred with an initial diagnosis of chorea according to their clinical, laboratory features and final diagnoses while emphasizing cardiological findings of patients with Sydenham chorea. Method: Children aged 4-18 years who were referred to Okmeydanı Research and Training Hospital Pediatric Neurology department with an initial diagnosis of acute, subacute chorea between January 2017-January 2020 were retrospectively included. Chronic chorea and diseases associated with chronic chorea were excluded from the study. Data concerning clinical, laboratory features, cardiological findings, etiologies, treatments, recurrence rates and follow-ups of patients were recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Fifteen patients has been referred with the initial diagnosis of chorea. Mean age of the patients was 11.5±2.2 years. Ten (67%) patients were females, 5 (33%) patients were male. After admission, 8 (54%) patients were diagnosed with Sydenham chorea, and 2 (13%) patients with recurrent Sydenham chorea. During physical examination, 5 (33%) patients did not have chorea, and 3 cases had tic disorder. Out of 8 patients with new diagnosis of Sydenham chorea, 3 (37.5%) patients had subclinical carditis, and 5 (62.5%) patients clinical carditis. Chorea had been treated with one of haloperidol/biperiden, valproic acid and prednisolon options. The treatment of 6 patients attending regular follow-up visits was stopped 2-6 months later. Chorea of two patients recurred during our follow-up, and one of our newly diagnosed Sydenham chorea patients had been recognized as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome after recurrence. Conclusion: Sydenham chorea is the most common cause of acquired chorea in childhood. Most of the time it is self limiting. Differential diagnosis of chorea must be kept in mind especially when there is a recurrence.
Assessment of Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Urgancı Nafiye , Kalyoncu Derya
Published: January 2021

Objective: Gastrointestinal disorders may have negative impact on bone metabolism. The aim of the study was to evaluate bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Method: A total of 100 children (mean age: 13.69±2.44 years, M/F: 0.66) with chronic gastritis were divided into two groups according to presence of H. pylori infection and were tested for biochemical parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was measured at lumbar spine in all of the patients by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: 48 of 72 patients with H. pylori and 16 of 28 patients without H. pylori had low vitamin D levels (p=0.35). The other biochemical parameters were within normal limits in both groups. Bone mineral density was measured -0.16±2.25 g/cm2 in H. pylori-positive patients and -0.08±2.62 g/cm2 in H. pylori-negative patients (p=0.87). Only 2 patients with H. pylori and 1 without H. pylori had BMD z scores below -2.5 (p=1.00). Conclusion: No significant difference was observed in biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and bone mineral density between H.pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative children.