bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wpływ zaburzeń mowy u dzieci sześcio- i siedmioletnich na naukę czytania i pisania
Authors: Zając Ewelina
Published: November 2024

The aim of this article was to investigate how and which speech disorders affect learning to read and write in six-year-old children preparing to start schooling and in first-graders. The study involved 36 first-grade students and 27 six-year-old children attending reception class.
The speech therapy diagnosis showed that almost 62% of the students tested had particular speech disorders. Among the diagnosed disorders, the most common were defects in articulation due to peripheral reasons. The group of sounds not articulated correctly were the dented (humming and hissing), the [r] and the voiced sounds.
The causes of speech defects are of great importance for the relationship between reading and writing difficulties and speech defects. The research shows that a significant proportion of students have impaired phonemic hearing, which affects the occurrence of articulation defects, and thus errors in reading and writing. Also, a clear relationship can be observed between the delayed speech development and specific reading disorders, because writing difficulties are the result of delayed speech development, especially the delayed acquisition of the language system.
Nozioni di grammatica descrittiva dellalingua Italiana
Authors: Magajewska Mirosława , Gałkowski Artur , Cola Ilario
Published: November 2024

DO KSIĄŻKI DOSTĘPNA JEST  DRUGA PUBLIKACJA
ZAWIERAJĄCA KLUCZ DO ĆWICZEŃ 
 
Questa pubblicazione costituisce un’introduzione ai quesiti fondamentali della fonetica e fonologia italiana e include un uso pratico dell’Alfabeto fonetico internazionale. Nella trattazione si dedica particolare attenzione alla lingua italiana standard. Il materiale comprende informazioni di ordine generale sulla produzione dei suoni linguistici in quanto fenomeni acustici, la presentazione di un sistema di trascrizione dei foni linguistici, un quadro dei fenomeni fonetico-fonologici che si verificano nella lingua parlata e una descrizione dei tratti prosodici come l’accento, la quantità, l’intonazione, il ritmo e altri.
Il libro è stato pensato per venire incontro alle esigenze degli studenti di italianistica e altri lettori che necessitano di un primo strumento introduttivo alla fonetica. Le nozioni fonetiche e fonologiche costituiscono la base e un primo passo allo studio della grammatica della lingua italiana.
Autori
Improving the quality of the power supply system of technical fleet vessels when supplied from shore regional electric power systems
Authors: Kleutin Vladislav I. , Rudi Dmitry Y. , Antonov Alexander I. , Khatsevsky Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

A significant increase in the load on technical fleet objects, such as floating cranes, dredgers, dredgers, etc., causes the problem of electromagnetic compatibility. Electricity supply of technical fleet vessels is carried out from 0.4 kV shore networks for economic reasons, but the quality of electricity of the shore-to-ship power transmission does not meet the requirements of GOST 32144-2013 and the Rules for the Classification and Construction of Inland Navigation Vessels of the Russian River Register (RSRR). Physical wear and tear of technical fleet vessels exacerbates this problem.
Subject of the study: processes affecting the stability of the electrical load on the voltage of the ship's 0.4 kV network when supplying the vessel with electricity from a 10 kV shore network and violating the EMC of technical equipment.
Objective of the study: development of scientific provisions and recommendations to improve the stability of ship voltage load nodes when powered from shore networks. Research subject: power supply systems of technical fleet vessels when powered from shore power systems.
Research results: based on the conducted research, it is shown that the proposed method increases the stability of the electrical load on the voltage of technical fleet vessels when powered from shore networks, which is essential for water transport.
Karakterisasi Karkas dan Sifat Fisik Daging Ayam Kampung Strain SenSi-1 Agrinak dengan Pemberian Pakan Substitusi Jerami Jagung Fermentasi
Authors: Saleh Ellen Jahya , Rachman Agus Bahar , Ujilestari Tri , Hakim Lukman , Permadi Selma Noor , Ivanti Lina , Jambang Nicolays
Published: November 2024

Fermentation of corn straw using Trichoderma viridecan produce enzymes that decompose crude fiber and make palatable fermented feed products because of their specific fragrance.This research was aimed to determine the carcass characteristics and physical properties of kampong chicken meat fed with fermented corn straw as a substitute for rice bran. Feedquality affects slaughter weight,weightand percentageof carcass, and meatphysical quality. In this study, 250 kampongchickens strainof SenSi-1 Agrinakwere used, which were fed rice bran (P0) with fermented corn straw (JJF). The treatment as follows: 100% P0 (R0); 95 % P0 + 5 % JJF (R1); 90 % P0 + 10 % JJF (R2); 85 % P0 + 15 % JJF (R3); 80 % P0 + 20 % JJF (R4) with six repetitions. The parameters observedconsist of quality of carcass and quality of meat. Quality of carcass includesweight,percentage, andparts percentageof carcass. Physical qualityof meatincludeswater holding capacity, cooking loss, color, textureandmeatmicrostructur. Based on the results,the subtitutionof rice bran with fermented corn straw in kampongchicken feed has a very significant effect (p<0.01) on carcass quality and significant effect (p<0.05) onmeat quality. The microstructure of kampongchicken meat shows the presence of coarse parts and large cavities so that it supports physical resistance as seen in the water binding capacity and texture of meat tenderness. It can be concluded thatfermented corn straw could be used in the kampongchicken feed up to 10%
Politique fiscale numérique et collecte des recettes fiscales au Cameroun
Authors: Derrick Fossong , Mc Moi Ndi Ashu
Published: November 2024

Le Cameroun a adopté une politique fiscale numérique il y a environ huit ans. Avant la mise en oeuvre complète de la politique fiscale numérique en 2016, les communes du Cameroun, en particulier les communes rurales et les communes d’arrondissement, ont signalé de nombreuses difficultés dues à des retards et à des irrégularités dans le partage des revenus du ouvernement central (impôts partagés). Les impôts directs et les redevances perçus par les communes étaient considérés comme faibles, compte tenu des efforts nécessaires pour les percevoir. Il est important de comprendre si l'adoption de la politique fiscal numérique a permis d'augmenter les recettes fiscales indispensables aux projets des collectivités locales et d'accroître les recettes fiscales générales. Les recettes fiscales générales correspondent aux transferts obligatoires vers le gouvernement central à des fins publiques et se composent de la rente des ressources, des impôts directs et indirects, et des taxes sur le commerce. Cette étude se penche sur les effets de la politique fiscale numérique sur la collecte des recettes fiscales au Cameroun en utilisant des données trimestrielles de 2010 à 2021 et une technique d'estimation par la méthode des décalages distribués autorégressifs (ARDL). Les résultats révèlent que la politique fiscal numérique mise en place en 2016 a eu un impact positif et significatif à long terme sur les recettes fiscales générales, mais un impact négatif et significatif à court terme sur les recettes fiscales générales. L'impact était positif mais non significatif sur les recettes fiscales locales prélevées par les communes, tant à long terme qu'à court terme. Les résultats indiquent que les gains positifs de la politique fiscale numérique au Cameroun n'ont pas encore été pleinement atteints en raison des contraintes locales dans les zones rurales. Sur la base de nos constatations, nous recommandons que les chefs d'entreprises soient formés à l'utilisation du système de déclaration et de paiement en ligne. Cela améliorera la facilité d'utilisation, réduira la dépendance vis à vis des agents et stimulera la collecte des recettes fiscales générales et des impôts locaux.
Le pin à trois feuilles du Lang Bian (Pinus khasya Royle)
Authors: Champsoloix R.
Published: November 2024

Le Pinus Khasya couvre une grande partie des montagnes de Langbian (sud du Vietnam), entre 1 100 et 1 700 mètres d'altitude.Les caractéristiques de son bois le rendent particulièrement apte à la fabrication du papier ; c'est pourquoi les plantations de Langbian sont aujourd'hui morcelées pour la production de grumes destinées à l'industrie papetière. L'auteur donne des précisions sur les caractéristiques écologiques de cette variété : climat, sol, comportement par rapport aux autres espèces.
Severe Vulvar Myiasis Case In A Crossbreed Limousin Cow
Authors: Utami Anindya Sekar Putri , Ramadhany Shelly Kusumarini , Mukti Taufik , Yesica Reza , Haskito Ajeng Erika Prihastuti
Published: November 2024

Background: Myiasis is caused by the infestation of Diptera fly larvae in vertebrate animals. In cases of myiasis, larvae will eat living or dead tissue, thereby expanding the infestation and infection of the host. Myiasis is a significant economic problem due to decreased productivity and tissue damage. Purpose: This study seeks to provide insights regarding managing and treating myiasis cases in cattle. Cases(s):  The 4-year-old female Limousin cow was in the gestation period and kept in Buluagung Village, Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi. Based on the owner's statement, the cow experienced a decrease in appetite, and there were wounds in the vulva area accompanied by larvae, which had been present for five days. The clinical findings revealed an open wound that was red in color and soft in consistency, and there was an unpleasant odor in the vulva area. An infestation of Diptera fly larvae accompanied this. After the initial extraction of maggots, necrotic tissue, edema, friable tissue, and erythema were evident in the vulvar region and introitus. Case Management:  Treatment carried out on the case cow involved cleaning the wound using 0.9% NaCl and removing both necrotic tissue and any larvae from the vulva wound using tweezers. The cow received an intramuscular injection of an analgesic and antipyretic (Sulprodon®) 7 mL, antihistamine (Prodryl®) 3 mL intramuscular injection, antibiotic (Limoxin-LA®) 10 mL, and multivitamin (Injectamin®) 7 mL. Conclusion:  The vulvar myiasis in this cow was successfully cured with no more larvae found, and the wound dried out.
Olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Okafor Somtochi , AlShammari Saad , Helou Vanessa , Mitchell Matthew , Finlay John B , Goldstein Bradley , Jang David , Hachem Ralph Abi
Published: November 2024

Originating from the olfactory neuroepithelium, olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare malignant tumor of the nasal cavity that typically affects adults between the ages of 35 and 70. Clinical presentation predominantly consists of nonspecific symptoms such as nasal obstruction, nasal drainage or epistaxis, thus illustrating the need for a thorough diagnostic workup. In addition to a complete head and neck examination, rigid nasal endoscopy, biopsy and imaging are necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis as well as plan for treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities utilized to assess for bony invasion and soft tissue involvement, respectively. Hyams grading system provides a histologic assessment of disease severity while various staging systems correlate severity of disease to anatomic location/progression. Treatment relies on both surgical intervention and radiation. In addition, ongoing research trials are investigating therapeutic targets. Given the risk of recurrence, extended post-treatment surveillance remains necessary.
World Trade in the Conditions of Globalization Crisis
Authors: Zagashvili V.
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on the analysis of factors that slow down the growth of international trade at the current stage of globalization. The latter is experiencing a crisis, but objective data do not indicate the end of globalization, but rather its slowdown following rapid growth. In its development, globalization overcomes many obstacles and faces various risks. At present, the threat of fragmentation of the world economy has become especially relevant. The factors causing the slowdown in the growth of globalization and world trade, for the most part, do not threaten the integrity of the world economy. The spread of regional trade agreements also does not negate the long-term efforts of the WTO aimed at trade liberalization, and in itself does not lead to the division of the world economy into separate blocks. Currently, the probability of the risk of fragmentation of the global economy is associated primarily with the geopolitical crisis. It is generally recognized that political confrontation, accompanied by restrictive measures regarding trade, brings economic losses to its participants. It can be assumed that ultimately objective economic laws will prevail and the scenario of the collapse of the global economy will not be realized. However, the high degree of uncertainty inherent in the political sphere does not allow us to confidently judge the prospects for an exacerbation or, on the contrary, mitigation of the crisis situation, and therefore the depth and duration of the impact of the political factor on economic policy and trade. After a pause, during which integration processes will unfold primarily at the level of world regions, globalization will resume its growth. Its pace will depend on a number of factors: normalization of the international political situation, overcoming trade contradictions, strengthening the system of global governance, dissemination of the principles of sustainable and responsible development, and many others. Development will acquire a more measured character, and the openness of economies and their interdependence will increase. In the long term, the main trends in the development of world trade that are currently observed will continue: a decrease in the share of goods and an increase in the share of services, an increase in the role of developing countries in trade in goods and developed countries in trade in services. The growth rates of world trade and GDP will remain at a relatively low level, while trade will grow somewhat faster than production. In the future, factors related to digitalization, robotics, artificial intelligence, additive technologies and climate change will become more noticeable. They will lead to shifts in the product structure of trade and the directions of the main commodity flows, but will not stop globalization, but will give it new features and directions of development.
Rainfall Conditions When Maden Julian Oscillation Strong and Weak: Temporal Distribution in Jakarta, Bogor, and Tangerang
Authors: Wibowo Ofana Tri , Afghani Fadhli Aslama , Christofelts John Pieter , Halawa Jordana Christian
Published: November 2024

The Indonesian Maritime Continent has high rainfall variability with one of the causes, namely the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), especially in phases 3, 4, and 5. Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and rainfall have a correlation with one another. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of MJO on rainfall conditions in terms of intensity and frequency of occurrence every three months from 2013-2022 in Jakarta, Bogor, and Tangerang. The research method used is descriptive statistical analysis in the form of quarterly rainfall averages and anomalies as well as the Pearson correlation test. The data used is daily rainfall data for the 2013-2022 period. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the highest average rainfall occurs in the DJF period and the lowest is in the JJA period with the anomalies occurring in the DJF and JJA periods. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of strong and weak MJO events occurs during JJA, while the highest occurs during the DJF period. The correlation test conducted between the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and rainfall found that the highest positive correlation value was 0.197073 on MAM and the highest negative correlation on SON was -0.11866, so the relationship is weak.
K-Means ++ Algorithm for Health Services Clustering Based on Districts in West Java Province
Authors: Nur Indah Manfaati , Abdurakhman
Published: November 2024

A healthy and prosperous life is one of the goal points listed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To create a healthy life, support is needed in the form of equal health facilities and services for all people in all provinces of Indonesia. In fact, there are still provinces that have low levels of health service facilities. West Java is ranked last with low health service conditions. Grouping efforts are needed to identify cities or districts in West Java that deserve priority for handling health facilities. In this study, the K-Means++ method was used to group health facilities based on cities or districts in West Java Province. Based on the grouping results, 3 clusters were obtained, namely cluster 1 for groups with low health facilities with 18 cities/regencies as members, cluster 2 for groups with moderate health facilities with 7 cities/regencies, and cluster 3 for groups with high health facilities with 2 cities/regencies
Comparison of Inverse Distance Weighted and Thin Plate Spline Interpolation Methods in Projecting the Strength of the West Sumatra Earthquake
Authors: Nabila Azzahra Haris Putri  , Fauzan Achmad
Published: November 2024

The Indonesian archipelago is situated in a highly active geological zone, making it prone to frequent earthquakes. West Sumatra, located on the west coast of central Sumatra, comprises lowland coastal areas and volcanic plateaus formed by the Barisan Mountains, covering a land area of 42,297.30 km² (2.17% of Indonesia's territory). This research aims to determine which interpolation method—Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Thin Plate Spline (TPS)—provides more accurate predictions of earthquake strength in West Sumatra. The dataset consists of 229 earthquake events, divided into 90% for training (206 points) and 10% for testing (23 points). The training data was further subdivided into 80% training data 2 (164 points) and 20% validation data (42 points). The interpolation processes using the IDW and TPS methods were repeated 100 times, with the training 2 and validation data randomly shuffled in each iteration. Visualization of the interpolation results indicated that the earthquake magnitudes ranged from 2.0 to 4.5. Although the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values for the TPS method on the test and validation datasets were 16.42 and 14.29, respectively—slightly lower than the MAPE values for the IDW method—the t-test results showed no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Statistically, there is no significant difference between IDW and TPS in terms of predictive accuracy. However, researchers prefer the IDW method due to its computational efficiency and simplicity. Therefore, IDW is considered the most suitable method for analyzing earthquake strength in the West Sumatra region
The Relationship Between Urinary Incontinence and Self-Esteem of Woman
Authors: Bahar Aynur , Koçak Hatice Serap , Kuşlu Sebahat
Published: November 2024

Objectives: In this study, urinary incontinence and self-esteem in women were investigated.
Methods: This research is of descriptive type. The sample consisted of 252 female patients who applied to the family health center. The data was collected with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).
Results: Women with urinary incontinence had a moderate level of self-esteem, while women without urinary incontinence had a high level of self-esteem. In the correlation analysis, a negative, moderately highly significant relationship was found between ICIQ-SF and RSES (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Questioning urinary incontinence by healthcare professionals, early diagnosis of patients, raising awareness, and informing them about treatment may contribute to the improvement of patients' quality of life and self-esteem.
The Investigation of Career Stress, Expectations, Decisions of Speech-Language Pathology Students
Authors: Uysal Halil Tayyip , Atila Çağlar Nazmiye , Çıldır Bünyamin
Published: November 2024

Objectives: University students may have characteristics such as anxiety and low levels of self-efficacy, and decisions in their career. The aim of the study is to investigate the factors that can affect speech-language pathology (SLP) students' careers.
Materials and Methods: 83 volunteer students of the Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Department of Speech and Language Pathology participated in this study. Demographic-SES information form, Career Stress Scale, Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale, Vocational Outcome Expectations Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were used.
Results: Positive relationship was found among career decision self-efficacy, multidimensional perceived social support, and vocational outcome expectation (p<0.05). The results show that SES groups did not make a significant difference in self-efficacy on career decision, social support, career stress, and vocational outcome expectation (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The SES Groups of SLP students in this study did not affect factors such as self-efficacy on career decision, career stress, and vocational outcome expectations. Career decisions, vocational outcome expectations, and perceived social support of the SLP students’ are in a positive relationship with each other.
Baş Önde Postür Bozukluğuna Sahip Bireylerde Suboksipital Gevşetmenin Kraniyovertebral Açı ve Servikal Hareket Hissine Anlık Etkisi
Authors: Güven Mustafa , Aksoy Cihan Caner , Akdeniz Leblebicier Merve
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma baş önde postür (BÖP) bozukluğuna sahip bireylere uygulanan suboksipital gevşetmenin (SG) servikal hareket hissine anlık etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kraniyovertebral açısı (KVA) 54 derecenin altında olup servikal patolojisi bulunmayan bireyler dahil edildi. Katılımcıların KVA’larının belirlenmesinde fotogrametre yöntemi kullanıldı. Bu ölçüm uygulama öncesi ve sonrası olmak üzere iki defa yapıldı. Katılımcılara 4 dakika SG uygulandı. Katılımcıların servikal hareket hissi uygulama öncesi, uygulama sonrası ve uygulamadan bir gün sonra basit klinik servikal hareket hissi testiyle ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızda KVA’sı 54 derecenin altında 31 bireyin verileri analiz edildi. SG baş-boyun postüründe anlık olarak iyileşme meydana getirebilirken [t₍₃₀₎=-7,08, p<0,01], (d=1,27) servikal hareket hissine ait skorlara etkisi bulunmadı [F₍₂₋₆₀₎ = 0,99 p>0,05].
Sonuç: Tek seans uygulanan SG baş-boyun postürünü anlık olarak düzeltebilmesine rağmen servikal hareket hissi üzerine etkisi olmayabilir. Bu nedenle servikal propriyosepsiyonun anlık olarak arttırılması istenilen durumlarda tek seans ve tek başına uygulanan SG başarılı olmayabilir.
Kronik Boyun Ağrısı Olan Hastalarda Başın Anteriyor Tiltte Oluşuna Göre Ağrı, Servikal Bölge Özellikleri, Özür Düzeyleri ve Yaşam Kalitesinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Çetin Hatice , Sel Ece , Öge Kamil , Köse Nezire
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma başta anteriyor tilti olan ve olmayan kronik boyun ağrılı bireylerin ağrı şiddeti, servikal bölge özellikleri, özür düzeyleri ve yaşam kalitesinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kronik boyun ağrılı bireyler başta anteriyor tilti olan (n=43) ve olmayan (n=41) şeklinde iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Her iki gruptaki bireylerin ağrı şiddetleri, servikal bölge eklem hareket açıklığı, eklem pozisyon hissi hatası, servikal bölge yüzeyel kas kuvveti ve enduransı, derin servikal fleksörler kasların enduransı, özür seviyesi ve yaşam kalitesi değerlendirilmiştir. İki grup karşılaştırması için Fisher x2 Testi ve Bağımsız Gruplar T-Test kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Başta anteriyor tilti olan ve olmayan grubun yaş ortalamaları sırasıyla 45,97±11,52 ve 41,63±10,26 idi. Bağımsız Gruplar T-Test sonuçlarına göre, başta anteriyor tilti olan grubun ekstansiyon yönündeki eklem pozisyon hissi hatası daha yüksek; derin servikal fleksör kas enduransı ise daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Bununla birlikte, her iki grubun ağrı şiddeti, eklem hareket açıklığı, eklem pozisyon hissi hatası (ekstansiyon hariç), yüzeyel kas kuvveti ve enduransı, özür seviyesi ve yaşam kalitesi benzer bulunmuştur (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Kronik boyun ağrılı bireylerde başta anteriyor tilt gözlendiği durumlarda, eklem pozisyon hissi (özellikle ekstansiyon yönünde) ve derin servikal fleksör kasların enduransı detaylı olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu bireylerin tedavi programlarında eklem pozisyon hissini artırmaya ve derin servikal fleksör kasların eğitimine yönelik yaklaşımların yer alması kronik boyun ağrılı bireyler için faydalı olabilir.
New Record: Study on Morphometric and Molecular Taxonomy of Vespidae Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in Different Districts of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: M BALACHANDAR , MALAIYAPAN RAJA , RAJ R. AZHAGU
Published: November 2024

Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of insects. It consists many species of bees, wasps, hornets, sawflies, and ants. Wasps are important to natural and biological pest due to their predaceous parasitoid nature. Stinging behavior is one of the salient aspects of social hymenopterans. The mortality and morbidity from these bites reported in many districts of Tamil Nadu and around the world. The current study investigates the molecular phylogeny, histology of venom gland and kairomones profile of chosen Vespidae species from the northwest districts (1.Villupuram-Thadagam, 2.Nagapattinam - Mudhalaimedu, 3. Dharmapuri- Lourdhupuram and 4. Chennai – Kilpauk cemetery) of Tamil Nadu. The hornets nests were carefully observed in day time and collected at night time. The phylogenetic relationship analysis was carried out using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and PCR was performed to amplify COI fragment. The amplified COI regions (the range from 577 base pairs to 601 base pairs nucleotides in length) were sequenced, analysed and DNA barcoded. The four novel nucleotide sequences of COI gene were deposited into the GenBank database and obtained accession numbers for Vespa tropica haematodes (MN893829.1), Vespa affinis (MN 853754.1), Polistes olivaceus (MT133311.1), and Ropalidia marginata (MT178807.1). Multiple sequence alignment was performed using clustal W in MEGA 6.0. and Phylogenetic analysis, Maximum likelihood, and Neighbour joining tree was constructed. The results revealed that the V. tropica, and V. affinis are sister group and share a common ancestor and V. tropica, V. affinis were found to be more close relatives than P. olivaceous and R. marginata. This study provides more information on Vespa species for researchers, agriculturalists and others in the prevention of the casualties by Vespa bites and the annoyance inflicted on the people.
Unraveling Mutualistic Dynamics: Host Specificity and Gene Flow in Ficus deltoidea and Blastophaga sp. Fig Wasps
Authors: Hatta Siti Khairiyah Mohd , Sari Yahaya Indah Nilam , 'Aliyaa Nizam Nur , Badrina Mohammad Naser Nur , Noorfahana Mohd Idris Siti , Fatihah Abd Latip Nurul
Published: November 2024

Ficus deltoidea, commonly known as Mas Cotek, is a member of the Moraceae family and originates from Southeast Asia. With 13 documented varieties, it engages in obligate mutualism with the fig wasp (Agaonidae). This study delves into the mutualistic relationship between F. deltoidea and its pollinators, with a specific focus on Blastophaga sp. fig wasps found in F. deltoidea var. deltoidea, within the Ficus genus. The research explores the host specificity of Blastophaga sp. from var. deltoidea across seven different F. deltoidea varieties, aiming to illuminate potential gene flow among these varieties. The methodology entails a thorough examination of figs and interactions with fig wasps in pot-maintained trees, uncovering unexpected discoveries regarding pollinator preferences and entry frequencies. Findings reveal that Blastophaga sp. from var. deltoidea demonstrates a tendency for host sharing, not only accessing var. deltoidea but also var. angustifolia, var. trengganuensis, var. bilobata, var. kunstleri, and var. motleyana. These findings challenge traditional assumptions of strict host specificity and emphasize the intricate nature of mutualistic interactions within Ficus species. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of gene flow mediated by pollinators, emphasizing the necessity for further molecular characterization to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Predicting survival in bladder cancer with a novel apoptotic gene-related prognostic model
Authors: Song Ding-ming , Feng Kun , Luo Wen-fei , Lv Dong-shan , Zhou LI-po , He Yi-bo , Jin Yanyang
Published: November 2024

Background
Apoptosis and apoptotic genes play a critical role in the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. However, there is no prognostic model established by apoptotic genes.
Methods
Messenger RNA(mRNA), Expression data, and related clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After extracting the apoptosis-related genes, the survival-related apoptosis genes were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis in the TCGA cohort. Following the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression method, these genes were modeled by multivariate Cox analysis. The predictive abilities of the Apoptosis-Related Gene Model༈ARGM)for overall survival (OS) rate, disease-specific survival (DSS) measures, and progression-free survival (PFS) were verified by the Kaplan-Meier(K-M)survival analysis and time-dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Functional enrichment analyses were performed by Gene Ontology༈GO༉and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG). CIBERSORT and Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were used to calculate the type of immune cell infiltration and immune functions. The model’s predictive ability for immunotherapy were evaluated using Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE༉and the Imvigor210 study.The single-cell sequencing was used to display the expression level of the ARGM.Finally,qRT-PCR was executed to validate the expression level of ARGM.
Results
Several apoptosis genes were identified through the model, including ANXA1, CASP6, CD2, F2, PDGFRB, SATB1, and TSPO. The prognostic value of the model for OS, DSS, and PFS were verified using the TCGA and GEO cohort. The model can predict patient response to immunotherapy treatment as established through the model’s score which was linked to different types of immune cell infiltration and identified significant differences in the signal pathways between high-risk and low-risk groups. Nomogram variables, prompted from ARGM and clinical parameters, also generate a high predictive value for patient survival.
Conclusion
Our first established apoptosis-related gene model(ARGM)has a substantial predictive value for prognosis and immunotherapy of bladder cancer. It may help with clinical consultation, clinical stratification, and treatment selection. The immune infiltration status and signal pathway of different risk groups also provide direction for further research.
The Clinical Value of Chest Computerized Tomography Following Minor Blunt Trauma
Authors: LAHAV Ziv , SHIMONOVICH Shachar , KANANI Fahim , HABERMAN Shira , EBRIL Sivan , HASHAVIA Eyal , SHOPEN Noaa , COHEN Neta
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the NEXUS Chest CT ALL decision instrument (DI) in reducing unnecessary chest CT imaging in minor blunt trauma patients while preserving high sensitivity for detecting clinically meaningful injuries. Additionally, we examined the impact of delayed presentation, chronic disease, and anticoagulation/anti-aggregation medications on trauma outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective study included 853 adult minor blunt trauma patients who underwent chest CT in the emergency department (ED) of Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center between 2018 to 2022. Clinically meaningful outcomes were defined as trauma-related interventions or hospital admissions. The NEXUS Chest CT DI criteria, along with three additional criteria, were analyzed using logistic regression to identify independent predictors for the primary outcome. These predictors formed a modified DI, and its performance was compared to the original NEXUS DI.
Results: Among 853 patients (median age 44.5 years, 64.2% male), 230 (27.0%) had trauma-related chest CT findings, and 64 (7.5%) experienced clinically meaningful outcomes. Independent predictors included abnormal chest X-ray (aOR 6.5, p<0.001), chronic disease (aOR 5.2, p<0.001), sternal tenderness (aOR 4.7, p=0.007), rapid deceleration (aOR 3.7, p<0.001), and chest wall tenderness (aOR 3.1, p<0.001). The NEXUS DI achieved 92.1% sensitivity, reducing imaging by 41.3%, while the modified DI increased sensitivity to 98.4% with a 34.3% imaging reduction.
Conclusions: The NEXUS Chest CT ALL DI significantly reduces unnecessary imaging while maintaining high diagnostic precision. A modified version enhances sensitivity, refining decision-making in emergency care. Integrating such decision tools, particularly in cases of minor trauma, is highly recommended to optimize resource use and improve patient outcomes.
Prolactin deficiency drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by inducing microglia-mediated synaptic loss
Authors: Jiang Jiaxuan , Zhang Pengzi , Yuan Yue , Xu Xiang , Wu Tianyu , Zhang Zhou , Wang Jin , Bi Yan
Published: November 2024

Background Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction seriously threatens patients’ quality of life, characterized by hippocampal synaptic loss as an early pathological feature. Synapses are dynamic structures and their formation and elimination are modulated by hormones. The pituitary, the master gland of the body, releases several hormones with multiple actions in hippocampal synaptic regulation. In this study, we aim to explore the relationship between pituitary hormones and cognitive decline in diabetes.
Methods A total of 744 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (445 men and 299 postmenopausal women) who completed serum pituitary hormone levels assessments, comprehensive cognitive evaluations and MRI scans were enrolled. Dynamic diet interventions were applied in both chow diet mice and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed diabetic mice. The cognitive performance and hippocampal pathology of prolactin (PRL) knockout mice, neuronal PRLR specific knockout mice and microglial PRLR specific knockout mice were assessed. Microglial PRLR specific knockout mice were fed HFD to model diabetes. Intracerebroventricular infusion of PRL recombinant protein or its vehicle was performed in diabetic mice.
Results The clinical study revealed that decreased PRL level was associated with cognitive impairment and hippocampal damage in T2DM patients. In diabetic mice, PRL diminished earlier than the occurrence of hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive decline. PRL loss could directly cause cognitive dysfunction and decreased hippocampal synaptic density. Knockout of PRLR in microglia, rather than neurons, induced hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the blockade of PRL/ PRLR signaling in microglia exacerbated the abnormal microglial phagocytosis of synapses, further aggravating hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in diabetic mice. Moreover, infusion of PRL reduced the microglia-mediated synapse loss, alleviating cognitive impairment in diabetic mice.
Conclusion PRL is associated with cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal damage in T2DM patients. In diabetes, PRL diminishing drives hippocampal synaptic loss and cognitive impairment by enhancing microglia-mediated synapse engulfment. Restoration of PRL improves cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal synaptic loss in diabetic mice.
Individualized Training Based on the Force-Velocity Profile: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis examining the Effects on Motor Performance
Authors: Wolte Christofer , Gronwald Thomas , Schaffarczyk Marcelle , Wilke Jan
Published: November 2024

Background
Exercise has numerous benefits for health, well-being and performance. However, due to factors such as genetics or training status, the individual response can be highly different. Force-velocity (FV) based training is a popular method to individualize exercise programs aiming to improve speed and power. This systematic review investigated the effects of FV based training on motor performance.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent examiners using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We included randomized controlled trials involving healthy adults and comparing individualized (FV) to non-individualized training programs with a minimal duration of four weeks. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale, publication bias was checked by inspection of funnel plots. We used robust variance estimation to pool the effects of individualized vs. non-individualized training for sprint time, strength, and jump height.
Results
Searches returned 684 articles, and n = 10 papers were included. Study quality was good (5.3 ± 0.8 / 7 points on the PEDro scale) and no indication of publication bias was found. Meta-analysis did not reveal differences between FV based and non-individualized training for strength (SMD: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.34 to 0.26, p = 0.72, I2: 0%), sprint time (SMD: 0.28, 95%CI: -0.75 to 1.32, p = 0.49, I2: 69,7%), and jump height (SMD: 1.8, 95%CI: -0.57 to 4.2, p = 0.11, I2: 90.8%).
Conclusion
Although FV profiling represents a plausible approach to individualize speed and power training, our meta-analysis does not support its application for performance reasons at present. Future research should investigate more specific conditions and homogenous populations such as elite athletes.
Demonstration of entanglement distribution over 155 km metropolitan fiber using a silicon nanophotonic chip
Authors: Ling Alexander , Du Jinyi , Zhang Xingjian , Chen George , Gao Hongwei , Tan Dawn T. H.
Published: November 2024

Transmitting an entangled state over an extended distance is crucial for the development of quantum networks. Previous demonstrations of transmitting entangled photons over long distance using satellites or fibers have use entangled photon pairs generated from bulk crystal arrangements. An alternative approach would be to generate photon pairs using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chips. Despite numerous proof-of-concept studies, no long range distribution has been achieved using this platform because of the challenge of getting sufficient off-chip brightness. We report a SOI platform that provides an off-chip entangled photon pair brightness of between 8,000 to 460,000 pairs per second. This exceeds previous reports by three orders of magnitude in brightness. The entanglement fidelity is 99.85(6)% and 97.90(3)% respectively. Measuring one photon locally, and transmitting the other over 93 km of deployed fiber (link loss of 40 dB), achieves a count rate of 132 pairs per second with an entanglement fidelity of 93.3(3)%, after solving the additional challenges of chromatic dispersion. The source can be pumped harder to enable transmission of entangled photons over 155 km of deployed fiber (link loss of 66 dB) at a rate of 0.7 pairs per second, with an entanglement fidelity of 87.6(5)%. These results demonstrate that SOI nanophotonic chips can perform competitively with bulk crystal sources and represent an important step toward building quantum networks using integrated nanophotonic platforms.
Effective oral cytology deep learning classifier for annotation labels with diagnostic differences
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Misu Yusuke , Nakano Keisuke , Hara Takeshi , Ochiai Takanaga , Shimada Katsumitsu , Ito Shin , Inoue Yuta , Taki Yoshihiro , Nakai Fumi , Nakai Yasuhiro , Saika Masato , Murakami Satoshi , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Miyake Minoru , Nagayama Motohiko
Published: November 2024

Oral cytological diagnosis is challenging and often leads to differing diagnostic outcomes. Recently, diagnostic technologies for medical images using artificial intelligence (AI) have advanced significantly. However, these advancements typically apply to cases where AI training data are uniform, leaving the effectiveness of AI models with differing correct labels unclear. This study reports on the exploration of the most effective AI model for varying labels in oral cytology images, and evaluation of classification prediction impacts when less experienced physician models are incorporated. In this study, the deep learning model ResNet50 was used, and we constructed single (individual pathologist, majority voting, and probabilistic models) and multiple models (head-fusion and logit-fusion). We also assessed the impact of less-experienced physician models on AI diagnostic performance. Among the single models, the probabilistic model was the most stable, whereas the head-fusion model among multiple models achieved the highest classification accuracy. Additionally, the head-fusion model minimized the influence of the less-experienced physician models and the probabilistic model exhibited a statistically significant decline in performance. In AI diagnosis with various correct labels, the head-fusion model proved to be the most robust and effective, suggesting that applying appropriate weightings can enhance learning and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Millet Cropping Pattern Dynamics in Selected Areas of Karnataka: A Markov Chain Approach
Authors: A Manasa H , V Ashalatha K , Govanakoppa Nagappa B , J Megha
Published: November 2024

Millets, a diverse group of small-seeded grasses, have been a staple food for generations, particularly in regions prone to harsh climatic conditions. Often termed as “Nutri-Cereals”, millets are highly valued for their impressive nutritional profile. The year 2023 was regarded as “International Year of Millets”. They are particularly rich in essential micronutrients like iron, zinc, and calcium, making them a valuable source of nutrition for combating deficiencies, especially in developing regions. Additionally, their low glycemic index makes millets an excellent choice for individuals managing diabetes or looking to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Beyond their health benefits, millets are recognized for their ability to withstand drought and thrive in poor soil conditions, making them resilient crops well-suited to regions facing erratic rainfall and other climatic challenges. To analyze the changing trends in millet cultivation, secondary data were collected from the District Statistical Office, Dharwad and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, from 2011-12 to 2020-21, focusing on several key districts in Karnataka, namely Chitradurga, Dharwad, and Raichur. The data revealed notable shifts in millet cultivation areas across these districts by transitional probability matrix of markov chain. In Chitradurga, there was a complete loss of millet cultivation over the observed period, with no retention of millet-growing areas. In contrast, the district of Dharwad managed to retain 36% of its millet cultivation area. Raichur exhibited the highest retention rate among the three districts, maintaining 65% of its millet-growing areas. These shifts underscore the varying trends in millet cultivation across Karnataka, influenced by factors such as changing agricultural practices, market demands, and environmental conditions.
High-entropy-doping effect in a rapid-charging lithium-ion anode Nb2O5
Authors: Xu Junling , Xie Fuqiang , Huang Lipeng , Li Nana , Peng Shang , Ma Wensheng , Zhang Kai , Wu Yanxue , Shao Lianyi , Shi Xiaoyan , Chen Jizhang , Tao Li , Zhang Kai , Zhang Zhonghua , Wang Yonggang , Sun Zhipeng
Published: November 2024

Doping is an extremely important modification technique for materials, yet the success of doping depends on many factors, such as the similarity of ionic radii, the match between the doping substance and the host lattice, etc. For substances like silicon or perovskite, doping is relatively straightforward and facile to enhance the property of materials. However, for host lattice like Wadsley-Roth structured Nb2O5, an anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, doping without causing phase change is quite difficult. Nevertheless, we have discovered an emergent and rigid high-entropy-doping effect in this rapid-charging anode Nb2O5. Unlike traditional doping approaches, high-entropy-doping disregards the chemical functions of doping elements and focuses solely on their quantities. By high-entropizing the doping elements and keeping them within a certain range of doping concentrations, a successful high-entropy-doping is achieved for Nb2O5 without phase change. The obtained high-entropy-doped (HED) Nb2O5 exhibits superior rapid-charging performance compared to the intrinsic Nb2O5. The discovery of this high-entropy-doping effect holds promise for introducing more innovative phenomena in future material research.
Extensive data mining uncovers novel diversity among members of the rare biosphere within the Thermoplasmatota
Authors: Maeke Mara D. , Yin Xiuran , Wunder Lea C. , Vanni Chiara , Richter-Heitmann Tim , Miravet-Verde Samuel , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Sunagawa Shinichi , Fabian Jenny , Piontek Judith , Friedrich Michael W. , Hassenrück Christiane
Published: November 2024

Background: Rare species, especially of the marine sedimentary biosphere, have long been overlooked owing to the complexity of sediment microbial communities, their sporadic temporal and patchy spatial abundance and challenges in cultivating environmental microorganisms. In this study we combined enrichments, targeted metagenomic sequencing and extensive data-mining to uncover uncultivated members of the archaeal rare biosphere in marine sediments.Results: In protein-amended enrichments we detected the ecologically and metabolically uncharacterized class EX4484-6 within the phylum Thermoplasmatota. By extensively screening more than 8000 metagenomic runs and 11,479 published genome assemblies we expanded the phylogeny of class EX4484-6 by three novel orders. All six identified families of this class show low abundance in environmental samples characteristic of rare biosphere members. Members of the EX4484-6 class were predicted to be involved in organic matter degradation in anoxic, carbon rich habitats. All EX4484-6 families contain high numbers of taxon-specific orthologous genes, highlighting their environmental adaptations and habitat specificity. Besides, members of this group exhibit the highest proportion of unknown genes within the entire phylum Thermoplasmatota suggesting a high degree of functional novelty in this class.Conclusions: In this study, we emphasize the necessity of targeted, data-integrative approaches to deepen our understanding of the rare biosphere and uncover the functions and metabolic potential hidden within these understudied taxa.