bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness
Authors: Ralph Robyn , Lew Jocelyne , Zeng Tiansheng , Francis Magie , Xue Bei , Roux Melissa , Toloue Ostadgavahi Ali , Rubino Salvatore , Dawe Nicholas J , Al-Ahdal Mohammed N , Kelvin David J , Richardson Christopher D , Kindrachuk Jason , Falzarano Darryl , Kelvin Alyson Anne
Published: February 2020

On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside mainland China including Germany, France, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus.
Prática de ciência e tecnologias na rede municipal de ensino de Curitiba: re-visitando a historicidade do pesquisado
Authors: Simeão Manuelle Pereira da Costa , Mocrosky Luciane Ferreira
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo apresenta compreensões sobre as marcas históricas que sustentam o ensino de Ciência e Tecnologias nos anos iniciais da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Curitiba. Optou-se por seguir a elaboração de uma re-visão da trajetória da Prática de Ciência e Tecnologias (CT) na referida rede, no contexto da educação em tempo integral. Entende-se que (re)conhecer os caminhos já trilhados pode favorecer a ação pedagógica pela compreensão de modos de conceber esse ensino, de maneira a contribuir com a alfabetização científica das crianças. Do estudo realizado com os documentos orientadores para a educação em tempo integral, bem como, currículo de Ciências, políticas públicas de implantação e efetivação da prática e de autores que estudaram o tema, constatou-se que as práticas de Ciência e Tecnologias na RME de Curitiba encontra-se imersa em um processo dinâmico e de constante (re)elaboração sobre conhecimento científico e tecnológico e tudo o que ele envolve. Muitas das mudanças ocorrem a cada nova gestão, o que poderia implicar em descontinuidade se não fosse a prevalência da equipe pedagógica. Do explícito sobre o CT como prática educativa, as marcas históricas vêm apontando a alfabetização científica e tecnológica como o traço do ensino de Ciências nos anos iniciais.
Alfabetização científica nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: o que nos dizem os documentos oficiais
Authors: Araújo Maria Alina Oliveira Alencar de , Leite Raquel Crosara Maia
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho objetivou investigar as concepções de Alfabetização Científica em 5 documentos oficiais, buscando refletir acerca da importância dessa formação na vida dos estudantes enquanto cidadãos planetários. Tendo como ponto de partida a pergunta “Como o termo Alfabetização Científica é abordado em documentos oficiais da educação, a partir de orientações pedagógicas dos próprios documentos?”, realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, tomando por base a análise de documentos considerados relevantes orientadores da prática docente, a saber: Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais Gerais da Educação Básica; Diretrizes Curriculares para o Ensino Fundamental do Sistema Público Municipal de Ensino de Fortaleza; Elementos Conceituais e Metodológicos para Definição dos Direitos de Aprendizagem e Desenvolvimento do Ciclo de Alfabetização (1º, 2º e 3º anos) do Ensino Fundamental; Caderno de Ciências da Natureza no Ciclo de Alfabetização do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. As análises realizadas apontam ambiguidades nos textos oficiais em um contexto atual de cobranças externas e internas à escola, por meio de avaliações de larga escala. No mesmo sentido, ora os documentos sugerem democratização do ensino das diversas disciplinas de forma interdisciplinar, ora sugerem a priorização do ensino de Português e Matemática para os primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental. O documento Caderno de Ciências da Natureza no Ciclo de Alfabetização do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa se mostra como uma boa alternativa de trabalho para as formações continuadas em Ensino de Ciências, conceituando a Alfabetização Científica e trazendo sugestões para a prática docente. Sugerimos, dessa forma, uma maior valorização do Ensino de Ciências através de políticas públicas que atendam aos cursos de formações de professores, pois defendemos que as ciências são precursoras de uma formação cidadã, social, histórica e humana para o estudante.
O ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais com o aporte da literatura infantil de Monteiro Lobato
Authors: Lana Márcia Márcia Priscilla Castro , Silva Fabio Augusto Rodrigues e
Published: February 2020

A literatura infantil apresenta um caráter lúdico, atrativo e imaginativo e, por essa razão, é muito usada por professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental para auxiliar as crianças a desenvolverem uma maior habilidade no decorrer da aquisição da leitura. Esse suporte pode ser utilizado de maneira ampla e irrestrita em várias situações, como em aulas que tratem de conteúdos relacionados às Ciências Naturais. Este trabalho se propõe a descrever e analisar o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de Ciências nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, propiciado por uma atividade que utilizou a literatura infantil para trabalhar conteúdos científicos. Esta pesquisa teve como sujeitos alunos de uma escola pública de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, matriculados no terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental; efetuou-se a utilização de contos do escritor Monteiro Lobato para o desenvolvimento da atividade. Os turnos de falas foram selecionados a fim de comprovar, por uma análise microgenética, as transformações nas falas que demonstrem a ludicidade, a criatividade e a imaginação mobilizadas pelas histórias e que foram importantes para evidenciar indícios de aprendizagem de ciências. Essa característica de despertar a imaginação própria dos produtos literários é propícia para a aprendizagem da referida disciplina, que, em muitos conteúdos, requer abstração para a compreensão dos fenômenos naturais. Destaca-se que a obra de Monteiro Lobato, utilizada para a atividade, se mostrou uma ferramenta importante, pois se constituiu em um amplificador cultural que permitiu a construção de significados pelas crianças. Essa atividade foi elaborada para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, mas poderia ser adaptada para outros níveis de ensino.
A percepção de estudantes dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental sobre a vivência da pesquisa a partir de uma unidade de aprendizagem
Authors: Galle Lorita Aparecida Veloso , Gallon Mônica Da Silva , Silveira Alessandra Tatiana Krause
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender de que modo os estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental percebem as vivências proporcionadas a partir de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem sobre a origem do planeta Terra e da vida existente nele, na perspectiva da pesquisa em sala de aula. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Os participantes do estudo foram 23 estudantes do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola pública municipal do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante dois meses uma Unidade de Aprendizagem sobre o tema foi desenvolvida, a partir dos interesses expressos em perguntas formuladas pelos próprios estudantes. Após o desenvolvimento da proposta, oito estudantes participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada, gravada em áudio e, posteriormente transcrita. As respostas foram tratadas via Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados fornecem indicativos para assegurar a relevância de propostas metodológicas que valorizem os conhecimentos dos estudantes e seu protagonismo, bem como considerem os seus interesses expressos em perguntas.
Estrutura multiplicativa de números naturais: um olhar para o livro didático de matemática dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Schmitt Zanella Marli , Krachinscki João Marcos de Araújo , Zanella Idelmar André
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que analisa a abordagem conceitual da estrutura multiplicativa em manuais didáticos, pois consideramos que a formação e o desenvolvimento dos conceitos devem emergir a partir de um conjunto de situações- problemas que levem em consideração a representação e o próprio conceito. Com esta premissa, este estudo teve por objetivo classificar tipos de situações-problemas da estrutura multiplicativa de Números Naturais em uma coleção de livros didáticos dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental sob a perspectiva da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, desenvolvida por Gerard Vergnaud. Este trabalho é vinculado ao Grupo de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática (GPECMA). A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, apresenta características da análise documental, baseando-se metodologicamente na análise de conteúdo, a qual considera necessário selecionar, explorar e tratar os dados com vistas a abordar o objetivo, que nos permitiu identificar e analisar as escolhas referentes à organização matemática e didática presente no ensino da estrutura multiplicativa na coleção de livros didáticos analisada. A partir da produção e análise de dados notamos que emergiram cinco tipos de situações multiplicativas. A formalização do algoritmo da multiplicação e divisão é apresentada no último volume da coleção. Dentre as situações identificamos a multiplicação entendida como soma de parcelas iguais, disposição retangular, combinação de possibilidades, repartir igualmente e quantos cabem, apresentados em três unidades de registro que se diferenciam pela representação utilizada em língua natural, figural e materiais manipuláveis. Destaca-se que a maioria das situações apresentadas mobilizam conceitos do isomorfismo de medidas. O raciocínio envolvido na classe de produto de medidas é contemplado em situações multiplicativas, deixando relegadas situações envolvendo divisão, o que indica a necessidade de propor aos estudantes mais situações que organizam o pensamento multiplicativo em diferentes aspectos, em que se trabalhe a multiplicação e a divisão na classe do produto de medidas. Depreende-se também a necessidade de abordar diversificadas situações multiplicativas, em diferentes contextos e grau de dificuldade, visto que muitas vezes o livro didático é o principal material utilizado pelo professor no preparo de suas aulas.
Editorial Actio 2019
Authors: Lorenzetti Leonir , Panossian Maria Lucia
Published: February 2020

Editorial para o nono número da ACTIO: docência em ciências.
Enfoque CTS e a atuação de professores de ciências
Authors: Dos Anjos Mirian Silva , Carbo Leandro
Published: February 2020

Dada a importância da inter-relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), o presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender como essa abordagem tem sido empregada por professores de Ciências, do Ensino Fundamental. Foram selecionados seis professores a partir de determinados critérios. Dentro do nosso recorte os professores de unidades de ensino que não ofertassem o Ensino Fundamental II, que estivessem localizadas na zona rural (o que dificultaria o acesso, por questões financeiras) ou que fossem Centros de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (Ceja).  No que se refere à forma de abordagem do problema, a pesquisa é qualitativa, de campo e de cunho descritivo. Utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e o procedimento tipológico. Realizaram-se observações em sala de aula, com o auxílio de um diário de campo para as devidas anotações. A análise das práticas pedagógicas, baseada nos moldes da Análise Textual Discursiva, foi realizada apenas com dois dos seis professores participantes, evitando, assim, possíveis repetições nas interpretações e/ou discussões das aulas observadas, considerando que todas as práticas pedagógicas verificadas apresentaram aproximações ou distanciamentos em relação à abordagem CTS. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as aplicações das relações CTS presentes nos currículos escolares são ainda ineficazes. Compreendendo a importância da formação inicial neste processo, especificamente na área de Ciências, pode-se apontar as Instituições de Ensino Superior como responsáveis pela inserção de questões relacionadas à ciência, à tecnologia e à sociedade nos currículos de formação inicial e continuada dos cursos que oferecem. Tais instituição devem estimular e oferecer condições aos professores para que busquem uma formação continuada.
Estimation of the relative abundance of species in artificial mixtures of insects using low-coverage shotgun metagenomics
Authors: Garrido-Sanz Lidia , Senar Miquel Àngel , Piñol Josep
Published: February 2020

Amplicon metabarcoding is an established technique to analyse the taxonomic composition of communities of organisms using high-throughput DNA sequencing, but there are doubts about its ability to quantify the relative proportions of the species, as opposed to the species list. Here, we bypass the enrichment step and avoid the PCR-bias, by directly sequencing the extracted DNA using shotgun metagenomics. This approach is common practice in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes, because of the low number of sequenced genomes of eukaryotic species. We tested the metagenomics approach using insect species whose genome is already sequenced and assembled to an advanced degree. We shotgun-sequenced, at low-coverage, 18 species of insects in 22 single-species and 6 mixed-species libraries and mapped the reads against 110 reference genomes of insects. We used the single-species libraries to calibrate the process of assignation of reads to species and the libraries created from species mixtures to evaluate the ability of the method to quantify the relative species abundance. Our results showed that the shotgun metagenomic method is easily able to set apart closely-related insect species, like four species of Drosophila included in the artificial libraries. However, to avoid the counting of rare misclassified reads in samples, it was necessary to use a rather stringent detection limit of 0.001, so species with a lower relative abundance are ignored. We also identified that approximately half the raw reads were informative for taxonomic purposes. Finally, using the mixed-species libraries, we showed that it was feasible to quantify with confidence the relative abundance of individual species in the mixtures.
Serras e pantanais arenosos: solos e geoambientes em unidade de conservação da Amazônia, Brasil
Authors: Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud , Campos Prímula Viana , Candido Hugo Galvão , Corrêa Guilherme Resende , Faria Raiza Moniz , Vale Jr José Frutuoso do
Published: February 2020

Unidades de conservação representam a principal estratégia para a preservação e recuperação de recursos naturais brasileiros. Para nortear o seu planejamento e gestão, informações relativas aos geoambientes constituem um referencial integrado indispensável. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos pedológicos associados à identificação, caracterização e mapeamento de geoambientes do Parque Nacional Serra da Mocidade, Roraima, norte do Brasil, de forma a subsidiar o manejo ecológico da unidade. Para a estratificação geoambiental foram avaliados os aspectos pedológicos, geomorfológicos e vegetação. Foram descritos e coletados 19 perfis de solos. A caracterização da vegetação foi realizada in loco. Foram descritos quatro pedoambientes, com destaque para os seguintes solos: Espodossolo Humilúvico, Espodossolo Ferri-Humilúvico, Espodossolo Ferrilúvico, Neossolo Quartzarênico, Neossolo Regolítico, Neossolo Flúvico, Plintossolo Háplico, Plintossolo Argilúvico, Gleissolo Melânico e Cambissolo Háplico. Foram identificadas 12 unidades geoambientais. No Parque, destaca-se um contraste entre serras e morrarias da zona florestada e os grandes espaços inundáveis e baixios do pediplano Rio Branco-Rio Negro. Além disso, essa área de conservação possui o mais antigo e, provavelmente, o mais importante conjunto montanhoso granítico-gnáissico do norte amazônico, de grande extensão e topografia complexa. Este estudo evidencia a singularidade de cada geoambiente, subsidiando na definição mais precisa e adequada das formas de manejo do Parque.
Métricas de paisagem na avaliação da efetividade de proteção do Parque Estadual da Costa do Sol, uma unidade de conservação fragmentada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Müller Georg de Oliveira , Oliveira Luciana Mara Temponi de
Published: February 2020

A região de Cabo Frio e seu entorno, no litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, apresenta alta riqueza de espécies vegetais e um grande número de endemismos, o que a torna uma área prioritária para a conservação, sendo conhecida como o Centro de Diversidade Vegetal de Cabo Frio (CDVCF). O Parque Estadual da Costa do Sol (PECSol) é a maior Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral da região e foi concebido num modelo descontínuo, com 43 áreas distintas pertencentes a quatro grandes núcleos: Massambaba, Atalaia-Dama Branca, Pau-Brasil e Sapiatiba. Dada a natureza fragmentada do PECSol, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, através de métricas de paisagem, a efetividade do PECSol como elemento protetor da biodiversidade do CDVCF, considerando seus 43 fragmentos como eventuais remanescentes únicos de áreas naturais na região. Os resultados apontaram que os fragmentos do PECSol sofrem forte pressão de atividades antrópicas em sua vizinhança imediata, e estão, de maneira geral, altamente suscetíveis a efeitos de borda. A conectividade entre os fragmentos é em geral baixa, tendo os fragmentos do núcleo Massambaba apresentado os melhores indicadores de disponibilidade de habitat, com valores entre 0,18 e 0,57 num índice que varia de 0 a 1. Nenhum outro fragmento apresentou valor acima de 0,10. Outras quatro grandes áreas naturais da região – a Ilha de Cabo Frio, a porção vegetada da Base Aérea Naval de São Pedro da Aldeia, a área de restinga na Estação Radiogoniométrica da Marinha em Campos Novos e as Dunas do Peró – apresentam grande importância para a disponibilidade de habitat no CDVCF. A inclusão destas áreas no PECSol ou em outra Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral é recomendada.
Joseph naufragé
Authors: Georgelin Mélanie
Published: February 2020

Il m’est apparu singulier et bouleversant que ce travail thérapeutique avec Joseph mobilise mes propres ressources du côté du maternel au moment d’affronter la mort. Cette fonction de raconter notre naissance et notre mort est en fait toujours dévolue à un autre car nous ne pouvons raconter nous-mêmes ces passages, ce qui contribue sans doute à renforcer le courant maternel, sa tendresse et sa violence, dans le transfert.
Créativité et soins palliatifs
Authors: Reboul Pierre
Published: February 2020

En USP, la vie et sa créativité intrinsèque prennent une place centrale parce que parfois seul un surinvestissement, dernier embrasement de ses facultés créatrices et relationnelles, peut permettre à la personne, dans une seconde étape, le désinvestissement nécessaire à la quitter. Pour se mettre au monde une dernière fois avant de disparaître, la personne a parfois besoin de chercher par les voies les plus inattendues de nouvelles propositions d’identité, de nouvelles pistes.
Sauver la lignée impériale
Authors: Seizelet Éric
Published: February 2020

Au cours de l’été 1945, si les élites politiques et militaires du Japon s’accrochaient officiellement à la poursuite des hostilités et au refus de la reddition inconditionnelle, en coulisse, elles travaillaient à faire face aux conséquences inéluctables de la défaite, et notamment à sauver la lignée impériale de la menace alliée. L’armée de terre et la marine établirent, chacune de leur côté, des plans secrets pour cacher un héritier du lignage de Meiji. Ces plans qui faisaient partie d’une stratégie éventuelle de résistance à l’occupation n’eurent pas à être mis en œuvre du fait de la politique conciliante des Alliés envers la monarchie et l’empereur Hirohito.
Dynamic Analysis of the Structure of Automobile Components, Obtained by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Didu Anca , Dumitru Nicolae , Pascu Cristina Ileana , Contoloru Violeta Cristina
Published: February 2020

The analysis of the dynamic behavior of parts from the structure of the cationing mechanism of an internal combustion engine in 4 steps is followed. Thus, kinetic and dynamic models were developed for the motor mechanism considered as an assembly consisting of crankshaft, connecting rods, bearings and pistons. Dynamic models were built mainly in the Ansys program, based on the finite element method. The following problems were addressed, namely the dynamic analysis, with the determination of the response in time for displacements, stresses and deformations and also the vibration analysis in order to analyze the frequency response for the kinematic parameters of the whole system, but also of the component elements. Dynamic models for the numerical processing of the two types of analyzes were designed in a parameterized system with multiple possibilities of working on different time, frequency or different types of loadings and connection conditions. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic response of the main elements of the mechanism, for different types of materials. Given the wide field of applicability in automobiles, the technology for obtaining parts from sintered powders, the studies were realized for the cases when the connecting rod and the bearings are made of metallic powders, respectively of steel, to be extended for more complex cases, when we consider the influence of lubricant and temperature distribution in areas of practical interest.
Robotic System for Catheter Navigation during Medical Procedures
Authors: Gruionu Lucian Gheorghe , Constantinescu Catalin , Iacob Andreea , Gruionu Gabriel
Published: February 2020

Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally with over 2 million new cases diagnosed every year. Fortunately, if caught early, the likelihood of survival is greatly improved. If diagnosed in Stage I, survival rates are >75% over 5 years, vs. just 1% if diagnosed in Stage IV. Early diagnosis requires finding and sampling (biopsy) small, peripheral nodules that are located in the parenchima of the lung and predominately outside small airways. Currently, for early diagnosis a bronchoscope is inserted into the lung airway but due to large size it cannot reach the small airways. Therefore, the doctor has to advance a sharp biopsy needle blindly from the tip of the bronchoscope and into the lung tissue in the approximate direction of the nodule. This blind procedure has low accuracy and carries a high risk of misdiagnosis. Currently, to improve the accuracy, real time x-ray (fluoroscopy) is use which causes exposure of the patient and physician to harmful radiation. Computer and image assisted surgery and medical robotics present viable solutions but are not optimal at present. The scope of our research was to develop a robotic solution for increased precision and accuracy of early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, to increase procedure success rate, decrease patient radiation and stress exposure, and reduce the procedure cost. For this purpose, we developed an advanced prototype of a robotic system which is small in size, easy to use and effective. To demonstrate its effectiveness in navigating to peripheral small size lung cancer lesions, we performed laboratory tests or a realistic lung airway model. The preliminary tests of a novel medical robot using a complex lung airway model proved that our catheter driving robotic system is working as designed and allows navigation, through a complex 3D channels structure like the bronchial tree, in both manipulator and robotic modes without fluoroscopy scanning. The robotic system is more precise and stable, and can avoid patient injury and instrument damage due to accidental impact with the airway wall. Because it could be controlled from a different room via the software platform, using this robotic system can drastically reduce radiation exposure of the patient and totally avoid the exposure of the doctor. Another benefit of the proposed robotic system is that it uses currently available catheters in which a reusable electromagnetic guide wire is temporarily inserted to guide the tip of the catheter towards hard to reach targets. After the target is confirmed, the sensor can be retracted and the catheter can be used for its routine function such as biopsy collection. Future development will include placement of a force sensor at the tip of the catheter to “feel” the wall and adapt the speed of insertion in order to avoid wall damage and an improved algorithm to increase the speed in the automatic mode.
Performance of Diaphragm Elastic Elements in ABS
Authors: Thierheimer Walter Wilhelm , Alexandru Cătălin , Thierheimer Alexandru , Crauciuc Daniel
Published: February 2020

Anti-locking brake systems (ABS) are well established in the automotive industry as a safety feature. ABS generally offers superior vehicle safety by limiting the longitudinal wheel slip in a braking event with deep slip condition. The study presents a creative solution for the elastic element included in the electromagnetic valve meant to reduce the noise and vibration associated with the use of the hand brake. At the same time, the suggested solution improves the dynamics in vehicle’s ABS regulator device by allowing its working frequency to be increased and the braking space to be implicitly reduced. Drivers would have better directional control of the vehicle equipped with ABS. The performance of this constructive solution, materialized in the creation of its own high frequency, is showcased and confirmed in this study by the results obtained experimentally.
Urban Evolution of the Built Environment of Craiova
Authors: Trif Andreea Gabriela
Published: February 2020

The present article presents a brief analysis of the evolution of the Craiova built fund, focusing on understanding the main poles of attraction and development. The analysis focused on highlighting the functional, economic and social relations between the various elements. Thus, a frame of the evolution of the city was obtained based on the available resources: written sources, configuration plans and in-site observations. Also, the study proposes categories of built heritage protection according to the intrinsic value of the elements, but also to the morpho-genetic relationships that they represent for the local identity.
TRIM25 Promotes TNF-α–Induced NF-κB Activation through Potentiating the K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TRAF2
Authors: Liu Yuchun , Liu Kunpeng , Huang Yingqi , Sun Meng , Tian Qingnan , Zhang Shoutao , Qin Yunfei
Published: February 2020

As an important effector in response to various intracellular or extracellular stimuli, the NF-κB family extensively participates in a wide spectrum of biological events, and its dysregulation may result in many pathological conditions, such as microbial infection, tumor progression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Previous investigations showed that multiple types of ubiquitination play critical roles in the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, yet the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the current study, we identified TRIM25, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, as a novel positive regulator in mediating NF-κB activation in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T), HeLa cells, THP-1 cells, and PBMCs. The expression of TRIM25 promoted TNF-α–induced NF-κB signaling, whereas the knockdown had the opposite effect. Furthermore, TRIM25 interacted with TRAF2 and enhanced the K63-linked polyubiquitin chains attached to TRAF2. Moreover, TRIM25 bridged the interaction of TRAF2 and TAK1 or IKKβ. To our knowledge, our study has identified a previously unrecognized role for TRIM25 in the regulation of NF-κB activation by enhancing the K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF2.
Determinants of Hospital-based Physician Participation in Quality Improvement: A Survey of Hospitalists in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Yousefi Vandad , Asghari-Roodsari Alaleh , Evans Sarah , Chan Cynthia
Published: February 2020

Objective: We aimed to understand the extent of hospitalist involvement in system improvement efforts across the province of British Columbia in Canada and provide insights into determinants of such participation. Materials and Methods: We designed a web-based survey and asked about individual, programmatic, and institutional characteristics that may facilitate or impair hospitalist involvement in quality improvement (QI) activities. The survey was sent to all individuals who participated in “hospitalist care” from January 2014 to February 2015, in the province of British Columbia, Canada. We conducted both quantitative and qualitative analysis of responses. Results: We received 57 complete responses to the survey of 322 invited individuals (17.7% response rate). Of these, 15 individuals (26.3%) indicated that they had participated in QI initiatives. Respondents highlighted high clinical workload and lack of time, lack of QI skills and training, lack of access to performance data, poor support from hospital/health authority administration, and lack of financial compensation as main barriers to QI involvement. These themes were also supported in logistic regression, where QI training and the number of weeks worked as a hospitalist showed significant predictive properties for involvement in QI initiatives. Conclusion: Our study attempts to understand the various individual or organizational attributes that could facilitate involvement by hospital-based generalist physicians in QI activities. Our findings show lack of formal QI training is an important barrier for hospitalist involvement in QI, and highlight the need for formal training, dedicated time, support from physician leadership, and financial incentive as important facilitators for participation in systemic improvement efforts.
Socio-demographic and immunization characteristics of siblings of children with severe acute malnutrition attending paediatric nutrition clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria
Authors: Mado Sani M. , Alegbejo J.O. , Aliyu Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a disease of the developing world. Poverty and famine have escalated its prevalence. In Nigeria, the Boko Haram menace has resulted in an upsurge of internally displaced persons in need of food and shelter. It is estimated that about 16 million children are affected by malnutrition worldwide and accounts for two million deaths worldwide annually. Evidence suggests incomplete vaccination predisposes to malnutrition and its unwanted sequelae. Anecdotal findings show that most siblings of children with SAM were incompletely vaccinated and hence are at risk of SAM. The study thus aimed at assessing their socio demographic characteristics and immunization to document their vulnerability to development of SAM.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of socio-demographic characteristics and immunization status of siblings of children with SAM being rehabilitated in the Paediatric nutrition clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika Zaria, between March 2009 and September 2014. The information was directly obtained from the mothers of the children as they presented to the clinic and then recorded into a structured questionnaire.

Results:

The socio-demographic characteristics of 229 parents and immunization status of siblings of children with SAM were reviewed. Most family settings were monogamous (54.2%) and the majority of the fathers were semi-skilled labourers (26.2%). Only 76 (33.2%) of the mothers had some form of formal education while 153 (66.8%) were not formally educated. The majority of the subjects received BCG vaccine but only 56% and 55.5% of the subjects completed their DPT3 and oral polio 3 vaccinations respectively.

Conclusion:

The study showed that fathers of siblings of children with SAM were semi-skilled labourers while their mothers were predominantly stay at home and not formally educated with limited source of income. Furthermore, BCG vaccination was the most commonly received vaccine and it is recommended that concerted effort should be made towards improving vaccine delivery among siblings of children with SAM. Adult literacy and empowerment of mothers may help achieve improved immunization of siblings of children with SAM.
Predictors of nonadherence to antihypertensive medications among stroke survivors in Benin City Nigeria
Authors: Odiase Francis E. , Ogbemudia Judith E.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Hypertension is the single most important modifiable risk factor for developing stroke and its recurrence. Evidence suggests that antihypertensive treatment rates following stroke remain poor worldwide and non-adherence to secondary preventive medication is a disturbing clinical problem associated with recurrence and poor outcomes.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications among stroke survivors 3 months after their stroke.

Materials and methods:

This was a cross-sectional study, involving stroke survivors attending the out-patient neurology clinic at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, 3 months after their stroke. Demographic and clinical characteristic were obtained, with a questionnaire, while medication adherence was measured by pill count method. In the final logistic regression analysis, the independent variables were age, gender, educational status, marital status, modified Rankin scale, polypharmacy, and types of stroke while medication non-adherence was the dependent variable.

Results:

One hundred and twelve stroke survivors participated. There were 58(51.8%) males and the mean age was 72(12) years. The non-adherence rate in this study was 57.1 %(64/112). The significant predictors of non-adherence to antihypertensive medications were the female gender (P = 0.009), severe disability (P = 0.003), the older participants (P = 0.004), and polypharmacy (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs following stroke was observed in our study, which would affect blood pressure control leading to stroke recurrence. To prevent recurrent strokes, stroke survivors must adhere to their antihypertensive drugs, while involving patient and family members in decision making with regards to treatment plans.
Public Attitudes towards Cancer Survivors among Korean Adults
Authors: Kye Su Yeon , Lee Hyun Jeong , Lee Yeonseung , Kim Young Ae
Published: February 2020

PurposeWe evaluated public attitudes towards cancer survivors and identified the characteristics associated with these attitudes in Korea.Materials and MethodsWe performed this cross-sectional study using proportionate quota random sampling of the 2015 Korean Census. In May 2017, investigators conducted face-to-face interviews with 1,500 Korean volunteers aged between 20 and 79 years. The questionnaire recorded sociodemographic factors, smoking and drinking habits, cancer history in family and acquaintances, interest in cancer survivors, cancer-survivor blame, and attitudes towards cancer survivors.ResultsMany participants had negative attitudes towards cancer survivors. People with a monthly household income above US $7,000 were less likely to have a negative attitude than those with monthly incomes below US $1,499. People in their 70s, without a religion, living in rural areas, smokers, or those who blame cancer survivors for their own cancer were more likely to have a negative attitude than people outside these categories. People interested in cancer survivors were less likely to have a negative attitude than those who were not interested.ConclusionTo improve attitudes towards cancer survivors, it will be necessary to increase interest in cancer survivors through education, publicity, and advocacy using strategic messaging that focuses on social and institutional aspects and emphasizes that responsibility for cancer should not be attributed to cancer patients. Inducing the public to be interested in cancer survivors will be important for positive attitudes toward cancer survivors.
Reducing Poverty and Income Inequalities:
Current Approaches and Islamic Perspective
Authors: Abdel-Hameed Bashir Abdel-Hameed Bashir
Published: February 2020

The Islamic approach to reducing (income) inequalities and alleviating
poverty focuses on the mechanisms historically used and succeeded in reducing
inequalities. Both obligatory (zakāh) and voluntary (ṣadaqāt) mechanisms are used to
motivate the rich to spend generously on poverty reduction programs. It is an
obligation on the rich to pay the compulsory (zakāh) on their wealth but they are also
encouraged to spend more above the obligatory sum by way of charity (ṣadaqah). In
return, they are promised eternal bliss and everlasting happiness in the life to come. On
the other hand, zakāh evasion is considered a punishable crime (in this life and the
hereafter) and denying the zakāh altogether is equivalent to rejecting Islam. This belief
in reward and punishment plays as a strong incentive and motivation for charitable
behavior. Hence, effective collection and utilization of the proceeds from zakāh and
ṣadaqāt are the mechanisms advocated by Islam to redistribute wealth and reduce
income inequalities.
تأثير التلقيح بالتعفير في صنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة على : أ _ عقد الثمار ووزن العذق
Authors: أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي
Published: February 2020

أجريت هذه الدراسة على صنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة بمحطة الأبحاث الزراعية بهدى الشام ( منطقة مكة المكرمة ) التابعة لجامعة الملك عبد العزيز بجدة لمدة عامين متتاليين ( 1996 ، 1997م ) . وذلك للمقارنة بين طريقة التلقيح التقليدية والتلقيح بالتعفير على عقد الثمار ووزن العذق. نتج عن معاملة التلقيح التقليدية أكبر نسبة عقد للثمار ووزن للعذق مقارنة بمعاملات التلقيح بالتعفير ، بينما نتج عن التلقيح بالتعفير نقص في نسبة عقد الثمار ، ازدادت نسبة هذا النقص كلما قل تركيز حبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير أو بمعنى آخر حدوث خف مبكر للثمار وكان هذا الخف قليلاً في التركيزات المرتفعة لحبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير (20 ـ 25%). بينما كان الخف كثيراً في التركيزات المنخفضة من حبوب اللقاح ( 2.5-5%). أوضحت النتائج أن استخدام حبوب اللقاح بتركيز 15-20%. أدت إلى حدوث نقص مقبول في وزن العذق ( المحصول ) مقارنة بمعاملة التلقيح التقليدية لصنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة ، بينما نتج عن استخدام حبوب لقاح بتركيز 25% في مخلوط التعفير نقصا طفيفا في المحصول مقارنة بمعاملة التلقيح التقليدية.
تأثير التلقيح بالتعفير في صنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة على : ب ـ صفات الثمار الطبيعية
Authors: أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي أحمد مخلص عبده السيسي
Published: February 2020

أجريت هذه الدراسة على صنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة بمحطة الأبحاث الزراعية بهدى الشام ( بمنطقة مكة المكرمة ) التابعة لجامعة الملك عبد العزيز ـ جدة لمدة عامين متتاليين ( 1995ـ 1996م ). وذلك لمعرفة العلاقة ببين تركيز حبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير المستخدم فياللقيح وصفات الثمار الطبيعية لصنفي نخيل البلح روثانة وربيعة. نتج أقل وزن للثمرة من معاملة التلقيح التقليدية ثم حدثت زيادة تدريجية في وزن الثمرة كلما نقص تركيز حبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير المستخدم في التلقيح، وكانت هذه الزيادة كبيرة عند استخدام حبوب اللقاح بتركيز من 15 إلى 2.5% في مخلوط التعفير . حدثت زيادة في أبعاد الثمرة ( الطول والقطر ) لمعاملات التلقيح بالتعفيرمقارنة بمعاملة التلقيح التقليدية ، وكلما نقص تركيز حبو اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير، كلما حدثت زيادة في أبعاد الثمرة . كانت نسبة الزيادة في قطر الثمرة أكبر من نسبة الزيادة في طولها، انعكس تأثير ذلك على معامل شكل الثمرة ( النسبة بين طول الثمرة إلى قطرها)، حيث حدث انخفاض تدريجي في معامل شكل الثمرة بانخفاض تركيز حبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير في كلا الصنفين. نتج عن معاملة التلقيح التقليدية أقل وزن للحم والبذرة ، ثم حدثت زيادة طفيفة في وزن اللحم عند استخدام تركيزات مرتفعة من حبوب اللقاح في مخلوط التعفير ( 20 و 25% ) ، بينما حدثت زيادة تدريجية كبيرة عند استخدام حبوب لقاح بتركيز من 15 إلى 2.5%. الزيادة التي حدثت في وزن البذرة كانت طفيفة بصفة عامة ، انعكس تأثير ذلك على نسبة وزن اللحم إلى البذرة حيث حدث لها زيادة مؤكدة إحصائيا عند استخدام حبوب لقاح بتركيزات منخفضة من 10 إلى 2.5%، يتضح من ذلك أن الزيادة التي حدثت في وزن الثمرة ترجع أساسا إلى الزيادة في وزن اللحم .
تقدير الاشعة فوق البنفسجية - ب بواسطة متسلسلات فورير
Authors: حشمت عبد الباسط محمد حشمت عبد الباسط محمد
Published: February 2020

إن معرفة وتقدير القيم اليومية للأشعة فوق البنفسجية -ب يعتبر مهما لتقديم معلومات للناس عن التأثيرات الضارة على صحة الإنسان من الأشعةفوق البنفسجية -ب والهدف الرئيسي من هذا البحث هو إيجاد علاقة بين الأشعة فوق البنفسجية -ب والإشعاع الكلي. وبما أن التغيرات في قيم الإشعاع الكلي والأشعة فوق البنفسجية -ب تعتبر دورة ، فإن القيم غير البعدية يمكن تمديدها في متسلسلات فورير. وقد تم حساب معاملات فورير باستخدام البيانات المقاسة للإشعاع الكلي لبعض محطات مصر. ومن ثم استخدمت هذه المعاملات لحساب الأشعة فوق البنفسجية – ب باستخدام الإشعاع الشمسي الكلي المقاس عند هذه المحطات. وقد تم مقارنة القيم المقاسة والمحسوبة للأشعة فوق البنفسجية – ب وعرض النتائج في صورة أشكال للفروق. وأظهرت المقارنة أن هناك توافقا جيدا بين القيم المقاسة والمحسوبة للأشعة فوق البنفسجية – ب. وقد طبقت الطريقة أيضا لحساب الأشعة فوق البنفسجية – ب ، لمحطات لا تقاس بها الأشعة فوق البنفسجية –ب ، وذلك باستخدام قيم الإشعاع الشمسي الكلي لهذه المحطات.
Parenting While in Training: A Comprehensive Needs Assessment of Residents and Fellows
Authors: Magudia Kirti , Ng Thomas S. C. , Bick Alexander G. , Koster Megan A. , Bay Camden , Rexrode Kathryn M. , Smith Stacy E. , Weinstein Debra F.
Published: February 2020

Background

Parenting issues can affect physicians' choice of specialty or subspecialty, as well as their selection of individual training programs, because of the distinctive challenges facing residents and fellows with children. Specific information about how residents perceive these challenges is limited.

Objective

We sought to better understand the challenges associated with parenting during residency and fellowship training in order to inform policy and research.

Methods

In 2017, a voluntary online questionnaire was distributed to all 2214 Partners HealthCare graduate medical education trainees across 285 training programs. The survey queried attitudes of and about trainees with children and assessed needs and experiences related to parental leave, lactation, and childcare. Responses were compared between subgroups, including gender, surgical versus nonsurgical specialty, parental status, and whether the respondent was planning to become a parent.

Results

A total of 578 trainees (26%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these, 195 (34%) became parents during training. An additional 298 (52%) planned to become parents during training. Respondents overwhelmingly agreed that their institution should support trainees with children (95%) and that doing so is important for trainee wellness (98%). However, 25% felt that trainees with children burden trainees without children. Childcare access, affordability, and availability for sufficient hours were identified as key challenges, along with issues related to parental leave, lactation facilities, and effect on peers.

Conclusions

This survey highlights trainees' perspectives about parenting during their clinical training, signaling parental leave, lactation facilities, and childcare access and affordability as particular challenges and potential targets for future interventions.
CSR, Sustainable Value Creation and Shareholder Relations
Authors: Salvioni Daniela M. , Gennari Francesca
Published: February 2020

The establishment of integrated corporate social responsibility principles, the growing complexity and importance of business/stakeholder relationships, and the elimination of space and time barriers to the circulation of information and capital change the corporate governance approach of listed companies. This situation attenuates the business approach, which has characterised firms with wide ownership dispersion (outsider systems) and those with concentrated ownership or control (insider systems) for a long time. This discussion article aims to be a theoretical contribution, which investigates the relationship between integrated CSR and investors according to a management model able to create sustainable value and optimise meeting the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate social responsibility and an orientation towards sustainability facilitate the reduction of business risk and the creation of value in the medium-to long-term, regardless of the ownership structure of companies and the characteristics of risk capital markets.
Integrating Sustainability into Core Business
Authors: Cici Carlo , D'Isanto Diana
Published: February 2020

Today, more than ever, people involved in defining corporate strategies must be able to build a solid structure on which they can rely to protect and develop their business assets and to ensure their organization a long lasting future. In order to sustain a long lasting and successful business, there is a growing need to integrate sustainability as a driver, as a primary premise in determining business strategies. Thus, sustainability is not a separate process or an add-on to the corporate company strategy; it is integrated into the long-term strategies, business policies and objectives, and incorporated into operational processes and procedures. In this way, companies can shape their strategy and operations to address change, meeting expectations and needs that arise from all stakeholders while at the same time increasing competitiveness and sustaining profitability. DNV GL and EY, supported by GFK Eurisko, have tried to investigate the maturity of this approach.
Sharing Responsibilities for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rogate Cristiana
Published: February 2020

The complexity and integrated nature of challenges for sustainable development call for a systemic approach based on commitment at all levels – individual, organizational and community – of all actors constituting the polis, that is, governments, business and civil society. The building of this innovative model of governance requires a methodology producing effective outcomes and changes. “Taking stock to report back” already tested in a large number of public and private organizations, has proven to be an effective methodology for strengthening any organization’s culture on the issues of social and environmental sustainability and community engagement, methodology that can also be applied to build successful partnerships.
Transparency and Accountability: The Province of Monza and Brianza Experience
Authors: Zoppè Erminia V. , Caratti Marta
Published: February 2020

The Open Government strategy is directed to supply a new institutional communication paradigm based on access and reuse of data and information and on the participation of the stakeholders. The focus is mostly centered on the opportunities that transparency, as a strategic asset, offers in order to repositioning the image of the Province, the subject of a deep institutional reorganization. In particular, the synergy produced by both the legal requirements to transparency and the recent innovations introduced by Legislative Decree 97/2016 foster new perspectives in order to consider this intermediate institution an open-access subject able to provide stakeholders with information, data and clear, timely and constantly updated documents.