bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mengidentifikasi Peptida Bioaktif Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-inhibitor (ACEi) dari Kasein β Susu Kambing dengan Polimorfismenya Melalui Teknik In Silico
Authors: Widodo Hermawan Setyo , Murti Tridjoko Wisnu , Agus Ali , Widodo Widodo
Published: January 2019

Susu kambing memiliki komponen protein salah satunya protein β dan secara umum terjadi polimorfisme pada level protein. Perubahan urutan asam amino akibat polimorfisme memungkinkan adanya potensi dihasilkannya peptida bioaktif penghambat enzim pengubah angiotensin (ACEi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyaring peptida bioaktif yang berpotensi sebagai ACEi dari kasein β kambing beserta polimorfismenya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik in silico terhadap sekuen kasein β kambing serta struktur tiga dimensi human testicular ACE. Langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi simulasi pemotongan peptida dengan enzim pencernaan (pepsin, tripsin dan kimotripsin), peninjauan karakteristik peptida lalu simulasi docking ligan-reseptor. Tampilan parameter Lipinski’s Rule of Five (Ro5), bioaktivitas dan energi afinitas dipertimbangkan untuk memilih peptida bioaktif. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan peptida bioaktif yakni INK (Ile-Asp-Lys) yang memiliki kemampuan hampir setara dengan lisinopril (afinitas energi -8,2kkal/mol vs. -8,3kkal/mol). Peptida INK dapat ditemukan dari hasil hidrolisis dari alel A, C, D dan E, sehingga polimorfisme tidak menyebabkan perbedaan produksi peptida bioaktif. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil yakni kasein β susu kambing jika dicerna dengan enzim pencernaan dapat menghasilkan peptida bioaktif ACEi yakni INK.Identification of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-inhibitor (ACEi) Bioactive Peptide from Goat Milk β-Casein with It's Polymorphism by In Silico TechniqueAbstractPolymorphism eventually may be occurred at the protein level. Changes in the amino acid sequence due to polymorphism may exhibit a potential action to generate of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) bioactive peptide. This study is aimed to assess bioactive peptides that have a great potent value as ACEi from goat β casein along with its polymorphism. The research was done by in silico technique on goat β-casein sequence and three-dimensional structure human testicular ACE. Peptide-cutting simulations with digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin), peptide properties review, then ligand-receptor docking simulations was applied in this research. Appearance of Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5), bioactivity and affinity energy were considered for selecting bioactive peptides. The results show that bioactive peptide found as INK (Ile-Asp-Lys) which had similar ability as lisinopril (energy affinity –8.2kcal/mol vs. –8.3kcal/mol). The INK peptides could be found from the hydrolysis resulted in alleles A, C, D and E, therefore polymorphism did not affect the differences of production of bioactive peptides. A conclusion, processed goat milk β casein with digestive enzymes could produce ACEi of INK as bioactive peptide.
The use of orthotics in a patient with congenital backbone deformation after surgical treatment
Authors: Murashko Vladislav V. , Kokushin Dmitry N. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Lein Grigoriy A. , Pavlov Ivan V. , Redchenko Ignatiy A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. New questions of indications and methods of surgical treatment of children with congenital spinal deformity are covered in detail. However, straightening deformed segment of the spine and fixing with metal construction is not sufficient, and conditions for its retention and prevention of migration must be created. The expediency of the study is relevant because of lack of systematic review of the results of orthotic support as complex treatment of this group of patients, both in Russia and abroad. The problems faced by vertebral surgeons are the following: the tendency of deformation relapse as the child grows, tendency of deformation of unfixed (lower and upper) segments of the vertebral column.
Clinical case. For observation, we selected an 11-year-old patient. The diagnosis was congenital scoliosis on posterolateral hemivertebra Th4, dysplastic course of congenital spinal deformity. The surgical treatment performed was extirpation of hemivertebra Th4(S) and the correction of local congenital deformity with multicore corrective system in combination with bone grafting. We achieved complete correction of congenital local curve at the level of the posterior lateral hemivertebra and reduction of compensatory curves in the thoracic and lumbar spine. In the postoperative period, the patient was provided with corrective brace, with the aim of influencing on the compensatory curve.
Discussion. This clinical observation aimed to determine the different approaches to treatment of children with congenital deformities of the thoracic spine, which consists of surgical correction of local congenital curvature curve with subsequent correction of compensatory curves by using a correcting brace.
Conclusion. As a result of the surgical intervention, correction of congenital spinal deformity was achieved, and the use of a corrective brace in the postoperative period allowed the correction of compensatory curves and maintained the achieved result until the end of the patient’s growth.
The 160th anniversary of Henry Turner
Authors: Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Vysoschuk Igor D. , Ovechkina Alla V. , Zaletina Anna V. , Melchenko Alyona N. , Solovyova Karina S.
Published: January 2019

The year 2018 in the medical community was marked by the 160th anniversary of the birth of Henry Ivanovich Turner. The phenomenal energy of this person, his organizational skills, talent as a scientist and public figure, dedication, and finally, his humanism are admired to this day and will serve as a model for the education of future doctors for a long time.
Happiness and at the same time hard work to be the first. Henry Ivanovich Turner had fully experienced this happiness and this work. He was the organizer and leader of the first Russia Department and Clinic of Orthopedics of the Military Medical Academy, the initiator of the first Society of Orthopedic Surgeons, and the founder and honorary director of the USSR’s first Institute for the Rehabilitation of Physically Disabled Children. Henry Turner was one of the first in Russia to raise questions of a disabled child, pointed out the need for a systematic struggle of the state with children’s disability, and urged to come to the aid of a crippled child, initially with orthopedic treatment performed in conjunction with the upbringing, education, and training of any profession.
The article presents the biography of the outstanding person, one of the founders of Russian orthopedics, Henry Ivanovich Turner.
Treatment of deformities in patients with healed congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Zakharjan Ekaterina A. , Pozdeev Alexander P. , Vilensky Victor A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Correction of deformities and lengthening of the lower extremities in patients with healed congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia (cCPT) is associated with certain characteristics, difficulties, and complications. But even the restoration of the anatomy and length of the tibia does not solve the problem of further recurrence of the deformity.
Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the results of the correction of deformities of the tibia in patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia after achieving union by using external fixation and guided growth.
Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 19 patients with cCPT, aged 4–15 years, which were observed in the Department of the Turner Scientific Research Institute from 2013 to 2018 years, were analyzed. We analyzed the types of deformities before the stage of correction deformities, evaluated the accuracy of the correction deformities after two-level osteotomies of the tibia, and used ortho-SUv passive computer navigation. External fixation index and number of complications were also determined. The type and number of recurrence of deformities and the timing of their detection were analyzed.
Results. On the basis of clinical classification, patients with cCPT had complex deformities of the affected lower limb. The accuracy of the correction of deformities was 84% at the end of the correction period. The amount of elongation was 4.5 ± 1.5 cm. The IEF was 64.3 ± 40.6 days/cm. After the end of the external fixation period, deformities recurred in 100% of cases. In 17 patients, temporary hemiepiphysiodesis of the tibial bones, the second stage, was performed. The accuracy of the correction was 100%. The period of correction ranged from 12 to 14 months.
Discussion. In the literature, we found no studies investigating the accuracy of the deformity correction, the choice of the level of osteotomies in patients with cCPT. Considering these data and the experience of the senior author of the publication, we performed two osteotomies of the tibia, outside the consolidation zone of the pseudarthrosis. High accuracy of the correction deformities was achieved in conjunction with the use of the ortho-SUv frame.
Conclusion. The analysis showed that the deformity relapsed in 100% of children as the child grows, regardless of the accuracy of the deformity correction in children after achieving union CPT. Hemiepiphysiodesis is an effective treatment for this complication.
Surgical treatment of lower lumbar spine pathology in children and adolescents
Authors: Krutko Aleksandr V. , Sanginov Abdugafur J. , Giers Morgan B. , Alshevskaya Alina А. , Moskalev Andrei V.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. Analysis of the modern literature shows that the number of children complaining of low back pain of varying intensity in the spine increases annually. Publications on the surgical treatment of juvenile osteochondrosis were scarce. Currently, there are no algorithms for choosing a surgical treatment for children and adolescents with lumbar spine pathology, particularly high-grade listhesis, methods and terms of surgical treatment, and the use of reduction maneuvers remain debatable. There are no high-quality evidence studies.
Aim. This study aimed to summarize the experience of treatment of children and adolescents with pathology of the lower lumbar spine.
Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the treatment outcomes in patients with lower lumbar spine pathology who were younger than 18 years and who underwent surgery in the Neurosurgical Department No. 2 of the Tsiv’yan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics between 2008 and 2018. The mean age of the patients was 15.5 years. We structured pathologies and interventions in children and adolescents and evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of treatment and the rate of intraoperative and postoperative complications.
Results and discussion. From 2008 to 2018, 11,428 patients with degenerative spine disease and isthmic/dysplastic spondylolisthesis underwent surgery at the Neurosurgical Department No. 2. Of these, 55 (0.5%) patients were younger than 18 years. In all patients, surgical treatment led to pain relief and physical activity recovery. Decompression/stabilization surgery through the posterior approach enabled formation of an artificial block in 100% of cases. The rate of surgical treatment complications was 8.6% and 28.6% in children and adolescents with herniated lumbar intervertebral discs and spondylolisthesis, respectively.
Conclusion. Surgical treatment of children and adolescents with pathology of the lower lumbar spine demonstrated an excellent clinical outcome. Disc herniation did not recur 4.9 years after decompression surgery for herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Decompression/stabilization surgery through the posterior approach in children and adolescents with spondylolisthesis facilitated abolition of pain, regression of neurological disorders, full recovery of physical activity, and formation of a reliable artificial block. Potential complications were resolved without consequences and did not downplay the importance of surgical techniques in the treatment of this group of patients.
Clinical and radiological aspects of the sagittal balance of the spine in children with achondroplasia
Authors: Prudnikova Oksana G. , Aranovich Anna M.
Published: January 2019

Background. Changes in the spine with achondroplasia are represented by disorders of synostosis, the presence of wedge-shaped vertebrae, underdevelopment of the sacrum, changes in the size of the roots of the arches, stenosis of the spinal canal, and changes in the sagittal balance.
Aim. To investigate the clinical and radiological features of the sagittal balance of the spine in children with achondroplasia.
Materials and methods. We performed a cross-sectional clinical and radiological study of 16 patients with achondroplasia aged 6–17 years (mean, 9.2 ± 3.3 years). Radiographically, the parameters of the sagittal balance of the spine and pelvis and scoliosis were evaluated. Clinical evaluation included orthopedic and neurological status and back pain syndrome.
Results. The anatomic features of patients with achondroplasia are limb shortening, O-shaped curvature of the lower extremities with lateral instability of the knee joints, and flexural contractures of the hip joints. With restriction of mobility in the hip joints, compensatory mechanisms for correcting sagittal imbalance are triggered: pelvic incline, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis change. The clinical manifestations of sagittal imbalance in enrolled children were hypokyphosis of the thoracic spine in 100% and an increase in lumbar lordosis in 56.25% of patients. In 50% of patients, wedge-shaped deformation of vertebral bodies was diagnosed at the level of the thoracolumbar transition with the formation of local kyphosis. Neurological disorders have not been diagnosed in children.
Conclusions. The anatomical features of the lower limbs and hip joints in achondroplasia reflect the biomechanical features of the relationship between the spine, pelvis, and lower limbs, which should be considered when planning for orthopedic and spinal surgery after prediction.
Fractures of long tubular bones in newborns: mechanisms of injuries, methods of diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Skryabin Evgeny G. , Akselrov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Medical information on the provision of emergency trauma care to newborns with fractures of tubular bones is scarce.
Aim. This scientific review aimed to inform children's orthopedic traumatologists regarding the main mechanisms of injury, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of fractures of long tubular bones in newborns.
Material and methods. The article presents a systematic analysis of 60 scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on topical aspects of fractures of long tubular bones in newborns from 1986 to 2018. For writing the literature review, we used modern electronic databases of medical information: PubMed, MEDLINE, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, DOAJ, Cyberleninka, and еLibrary.
Results and discussion. Similarly from the analysis of scientific publications, the main mechanism of fractures of limb segments in newborns is intranatal trauma, in which the child can receive both during birth through the birth canal and during cesarean section. The predisposing factors for obtaining bone fractures are intrauterine osteopenia, congenital diseases of the digestive system, and prematurity. Fractures are diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and results of ultrasound and X-ray studies of the injured limb. In the treatment of limb bone fractures, both conservative and surgical methods are used. In recent years, a tendency has been clearly observed in scientific publications, highlighting the ever-widening introduction into clinical practice of operational methods for stabilizing fractures of long tubular bones in newborns, including using the techniques of transosseous osteosynthesis.
Conclusion. The presented article fills the existing gap of summarizing scientific publications on the treatment of fractures of limbs in newborns.
Levobupivacaine for regional blockades in orthopedics and traumatology in children: recent evidence and future directions
Authors: Ulrikh Gleb E. , Zabolotskii Dmitri V. , Aleksandrovich Yuri S. , Koryachkin Viktor A. , Nezabudkin Sevir N. , Ulrikh Daria G.
Published: January 2019

Levobupivacaine is an amide anesthetic, levorotatory isomer of bupivacaine. This literature review aimed to present the possibilities of levobupivacaine in the implementation of blockades for anesthesia in traumatology and orthopedics in children. Levobupivacaine is widely used for analgesia for orthopedic interventions in adults and has become an alternative to the less safe bupivacaine. The actions of levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine in the implementation of neuroaxial and peripheral blockades, and the infiltration of postoperative wounds in children were compared in the present study. Levobupivacaine has been confirmed to be safe compared with bupivacaine in pediatric patients. Studies in children of different ages comparing levobupivacaine and ropivacaine, used for anesthesia in traumatology and orthopedics, indicate the same or greater analgesic potential of levobupivacaine, with a similar level of safety. Compared with ropivacaine, levobupivacaine provides comparable pain relief at lower concentrations. The presented clinical data of levobupivacaine use in children allow the expansion of the indications for anesthesia in orthopedics and traumatology. Clinical research should be continued to compare the effectiveness of different concentrations of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in larger groups of pediatric patients. Relevant papers were obtained by searching PubMed and Scopus databases.
Assesment of commercially available children’s orthopedic footwear
Authors: Skirmont Elena I. , Zimina Elena L. , Golubeva Julia B. , Gorelova Irina K. , Volkova Valentina M. , Karapetyan Sergey V.
Published: January 2019

Background. The term “orthopedic shoes” becomes an advertisement through which manufacturers promote their products to the market. Parents face the problem of selecting shoes that ensures normal function and development of the child’s foot. In this regard, the situation must be understood.

The aim of the study is to identify the conformity of the footwear design and the parameters of special orthopedic parts to the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation for footwear for specific deformation as well as to obtain information regarding consumer information on the indications and contraindications of the designation of children’s shoes, set out in the leaflet regarding the use of shoes with special orthopedic parts.

Materials and methods. This study was based on the results of a study of 23 pairs of 155-size children’s shoes. The shoes were selected by random sampling from the assortment that is in retail sale. The research was performed by the staff of the Federal State Institution Federal Scientific Center for the Rehabilitation of the disabled named after G.A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, which are the developers of the national standard (R 544072011 “Orthopedic footwear. General technical requirements”).

Results and discussion. The research data showed that virtually all footwear examined was manufactured in violation of the current regulatory and technical documentation. Shoes that go to free sale for selection under the guise of “orthopedic” shoes have a very attractive appearance (seen by the design and bright colors). However, such footwear does not provide the performance of medical purposes because special orthopedic parts have parameters that do not meet the requirements of national standards.

Thus, uncontrolled implementation of orthopedic footwear for selection is unacceptable. In this regard, children without pathology of the foot and musculoskeletal system should wear standard footwear without special details. Children in need of orthopedic footwear should wear shoes strictly according to the doctor’s prescription, considering the individual anatomical and functional features of the child’s foot.
A descriptive study on histopathology of fallopian tube in neoplastic surface epithelial ovarian tumors
Authors: Manuel Ashna C. , V. Radhamani M. , V. Priya , S. Deepa
Published: January 2019

Background: The incidence of cancer is increasing day by day. Ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer related death among women worldwide. The cure rate of early stage disease is high. The accepted view is that ovarian cancer arises from ovarian surface epithelium. Recent evidence suggested that around sixty percentage of women without a genetic predisposition who developed sporadic ovarian cancer also have early tubal lesion and cancer. The present study aims to find out the histopathology of fallopian tube in neoplastic surface epithelial ovarian tumour.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among hundred women who had undergone surgery for malignant and benign surface epithelial ovarian tumor from Govt. Medical College, Kottayam for one year from January-December 2017.Results: Fifty percent of the patients had malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors.Conclusions: The risk factors of malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors include age above fifty years and post-menopausal women. Whereas oral contraceptive pill use is a protective factor against malignant surface epithelial ovarian tumors. The fimbrial end of fallopian tube is the site of origin of malignancy in high grade ovarian epithelial carcinoma. So, prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy should be encouraged in all patients who have completed family and undergoing hysterectomy. This will reduce the morbidity and mortality due to ovarian carcinoma.
Discrepency in grade between preoperative biopsy and final specimen in stage I carcinoma endometrium: an institutional review
Authors: Kajamohideen Suhaildeen , Venkitaraman Balasubramanian , V. Sridevi
Published: January 2019

Background: Most endometrioid endometrial cancer are well differentiated (Grade I). Grade of the tumor is an important predictor of nodal metastasis and the discordance in histological grade of endometrial cancers between diagnostic biopsy and definitive surgery specimen was analyzed in our Institute.Methods: Around 221 patients diagnosed with carcinoma endometrium between 2006 and 2014 were taken into study. Histologic differentiation of the tumour between diagnostic biopsy and definitive surgery were analysed. All demographic data, tumor factors, follow up and recurrence were recorded.Results: Of the 221 patients taken into consideration for analysis, median age of presentation was 57 years with range between 38-77 years. The overall median body mass index was 27.70kg/m2. 66 % of patients had comorbid illness, with 33% having both diabetes and hypertension. Open staging was performed in 150 patients and laparoscopic staging in 71 patients. Mean duration of surgery was 3.06 hrs in laparoscopic staging and 2.74hrs in open staging. The median tumour size was 4cm.The median number of nodes dissected were 13. Discordance in the grade of tumour between diagnostic biopsy and surgical biopsy were 58.8% of grade 1 tumour, 16.2% of grade 2 tumours and 18.9% of grade 3 tumours.Conclusions: Discrepancies in correlation of the grade of tumour in diagnostic biopsy and tissue obtained at surgery supports the need for surgical staging in all patients.
Evaluation of complete profile and outcome of gunshot injuries in tertiary care centre
Authors: Malik Fazle Rab , Singh Santosh Kumar , Madeshiya Shivam , Khan Roshni , Rai Nandan
Published: January 2019

Background: Gunshot injuries are range from minor superficial pellet injuries to devastating soft tissue and visceral injuries. The objective of study was to evaluate complete profile and outcome of gunshot injuries in tertiary care centre.Methods: This study was a prospective study. All gunshot injury patients who admitted in Department of Surgery, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad were included in study.Results: Result were analysed in terms of age, sex, rural-urban and religion wise distribution, etiology of injury, arms and ammunition, time elapsed in first aid, site of injury, associated injury, organ involved, Glasgow coma scale, injury severity score, revised trauma score, various blood and radiological investigations, treatment and complications.Conclusions: Gunshot injury was common in male patients, age group 21-30years, Hindu community and in rural areas. Most patients received injury by shotgun. Assault was most common cause followed by accidental injury. Majority of patients had Glasgow coma scale between 13-15, injury severity score below 20 and revised trauma score more than eight.  Mortality and morbidity were more common in patients with high injury severity score, low revised trauma score and Glasgow coma scale below 8. Abdomen was most common site involved in gunshot injury. Most of the patients were managed conservatively as these patients had external body surface injury. Laparotomy was done for intra-abdominal injury. Wound infection was the most common complication.
Two-year results of double row repair for medium sized rotator cuff tear in elderly patients
Authors: Ozkut Afsar T.
Published: January 2019

Background: Rotator cuff tears are treated surgically when conservative treatment methods fail. Since osteoporosis is common and the cuff is degenerative in nature, it may be a challenge to treat the tears surgically in the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results rotator cuff repair with double row two anchors (one medial and one lateral) for middle sized tears in patients over 65years old.Methods: 18 patients who are over 65years old treated arthroscopically for medium sized rotator cuff tear were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were patients with MR findings and physical findings consistent with medium sized (1-3cm) rotator cuff tears, patients with follow up period of at least 2years. All of the patients were repaired using (two anchors, one medially and one laterally placed) double row technique arthroscopically.  The patients were evaluated with constant Murley score and ASES scores. All these measurements (both ROM and functional tests) were performed preoperatively and at postoperative third sixth months, first year and after second year.Results: Mean age of the patients was 69.3 (±2.6). The mean follows up period was 34months (±4.1) Preoperative mean forward flexion and external rotation were 127.3±25.3º and 48.9±14.6º respectively. The preoperative mean internal rotation was 9.1±6.9º. Preoperative mean ASES score was 59.1º (±9.6) and mean constant score was 53.7º (±11.2). At the last follow up mean forward flexion was 158.3º (±17.9), external rotation was 63.2º (±11.4) and internal rotation was 9.3º (±7.3).  Mean ASES score and constant score of the patients were 84.3 (±9.1) and 77.3 (±10.8) in the last follow up.Conclusions: It is possible to obtain good results in medium sized rotator cuff tears in patients over 65years old particularly if fatty degeneration over grade II has not prevailed.
REATORES BIOLÓGICOS EM BATELADAS SEQUENCIAIS COM E SEM MATERIAL SUPORTE PARA REMOÇÃO SIMULTÂNEA DE NITROGÊNIO E FÓSFORO DE ESGOTO SANITÁRIO
Authors: Silva Raphael Luiz Andrade , Nascimento Júlio Cézar Dos Santos , Filho Lucilo Bioni Da Fonsêca , Gonçalves Elizabeth Amaral Pastich
Published: January 2019

Em corpos d’água sujeitos a problemas de eutrofização, a remoção biológica de nutrientes (RBN) assume grande importância. A combinação de vantagens da tecnologia do reator sequencial em batelada com sistema de biomassa fixa em um reator de biofilme de leito móvel (MBBR) é uma opção interessante na remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo em esgoto sanitário. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo de dois reatores (R1 e R2) operados em bateladas sequenciais, sendo que em um deles utilizou-se material suporte. Foi observada uma diminuição na concentração de matéria orgânica no efluente de ambos os reatores. As concentrações de NTK e fósforo total efluentes, em alguns momentos, foram maiores do que as afluentes. As maiores eficiências de nitrogênio amoniacal foram 47% e 52%, para os reatores R1 e R2, respectivamente. Com relação ao Ortofosfato, as eficiências máximas foram 47% e 58%, para os reatores R1 e R2, respectivamente. Em relação à quantidade de biomassa aderida ao meio suporte, a mesma foi baixa. Houve maior formação de biofilme na parte interior do material suporte, devido à força de cisalhamento provocada pelas hélices do agitador presente no reator. Os reatores se apresentaram ainda em fase de adaptação, pois somente foi observada uma remoção após algumas semanas de operação. A remoção no reator R2 mostrou-se mais significante em relação aos parâmetros analisados, porém ambos os reatores permaneceram numa faixa aproximada, levando em conta as eficiências.
INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE PITANGUEIRA
Authors: Targino Fernandes Amânda Cristina , Avelar Pereira Pasin Liliana Auxiliadora
Published: January 2019

A pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) é uma espécie arbórea, frutífera, nativa da Mata Atlântica, mas que se adapta a praticamente todos os climas. Sua principal forma de obtenção de mudas para plantios domésticos ocorre satisfatoriamente através de sementes. Atualmente vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada em indústrias medicinais, cosméticas e alimentícias. O estudo objetiva avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial das mudas de pitangueira submetidas a substratos de origem animal e mineral. O desenvolvimento das mudas foi avaliado em diferentes substratos, sendo: T1 (azul) – terra de subsolo e areia 3:1, T2 (amarelo) – terra de subsolo, areia e NPK 3:1 e 400 g de NPK para cada 10 kg de subsolo, T3 (vermelho) – terra de subsolo, areia e esterco de vaca 3:1:1, T4 (rosa) – terra de subsolo, areia e farinha de peixe 3:1:½. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com 4 tratamentos, 4 repetições por tratamento e 5 plantas por repetição. As variáveis analisadas foram a porcentagem de germinação, o IVE, diâmetro do colo, altura e número de folhas. O estudo evidencia que o esterco de vaca é o mais eficiente no desenvolvimento inicial da pitangueira.
Breeding and selection of mini-pigs in the ICG SB RAS
Authors: Nikitin S. V. , Knyazev S. P. , Shatokhin K. S. , Zaporozhets V. I. , Ermolaev V. I.
Published: January 2019

The article considers methods used for breeding and selection of mini-pigs in the ICG, SB RAS, the theoretical justifcation of these methods and the purposes for which they are used. We showed the genealogical structure of the herd and the contribution of inbreeding to the genetic similarity of modern representatives of genealogical lines and families with the founders of the breeding group. We characterized the phenotypic diversity of the ICG mini-pigs in colours, weight categories, types of growth and features of constitution. We listed measures supporting genetic diversity in the herd of the ICG mini-pigs. We explained the possibility of using similarity indices calculated by using portions of the ancestors’ blood (genome) for the selection of parental pairs and the evaluation of genetic consolidation of the herd. We showed that the average index of similarity between males and females, calculated by using portions of the ancestors’ blood, in the ICG minipigs is close to the limit value. It turned out that eﬀective evaluation of the genetic potential of mini-pigs in growth rate and fnal size of individuals is only possible under the condition of a rich and full feeding of young animals. The time scale of estimation of growth of live weight of the ICG mini-pigs for three weight categories allocated in the selection group is presented. The types of growth and development of mini-pigs observed in the ICG breeding group and the type inherent to individuals in the small weight category are considered. We justifed the minimum live weight of a newborn piglet in the herd of the ICG mini-pigs. Values of optimal multiple pregnancy for the three categories of ICG mini-pig sows were calculated.
Principal approaches and achievements in studying race composition of wheat stem rust
Authors: Rsaliyev A. S. , Rsaliyev Sh. S.
Published: January 2019

Wheat stem rust caused by thebiotrophic fungus Puccinia graminisf. sp.triticiis a dangerous disease that seriously damages the economics in many countries of the world. The review contains information about epidemics of wheat stem rust and causes of their emergence worldwide. Recently wheat stem rust epidemics have been recorded in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and on the territories adjacent to Omsk Region of Russia. It has been shown that severe wheat stem rust epidemics occur mainly due to the emergence of new virulent races of the disease agent and to growing susceptible wheat cultivars. New methods of studying the race composition of the fungus are described as well as the use of the previous and current diﬀerential sets for race determination ofP. graminisf. sp.tritici. The results of developing molecular markers and assessing their eﬀectiveness in studying stem rust races are presented. Wheat stem rust races dominant in major grain-growing countries of the globe and their typical peculiarities are described. The paper contains information on identifcation of race Ug99 and of its variations including data on areas of their dissemination and on their virulence toSr-resistance genes. The existence and emergence of other races of the agent potentially dangerous for commercially important genes for stem rust resistance is also described. Currently in nature strongly virulent races ofP. graminisf. sp.triticiare circulating with wide geographical coverage and their virulence is absolutely diﬀerent from the virulence of race Ug99. Historical and modern data on studying the race composition of the pathogen in Kazakhstan are summarized. It is stated that the use of the old standard diﬀerential set and an incomplete North American system of race nomenclature in experiments prevents measuring similarity between Kazakhstani races and the worldwide known races of the pathogen. It has been shown that there is a need to continue studies on the intraspecies structure of the disease agent’s population in Kazakhstan with the use of the modern diﬀerential set, on determination of race composition and ways of emergence of new races potentially dangerous for commercial wheat varieties.
Improvement of the knock-in effciency in the genome of human induced pluripotent stem cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Gridina М. М.
Published: January 2019

Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are a powerful tool for biomedical research. The ability to create patient-specifc pluripotent cells and their subsequent diﬀerentiation into any somatic cell type makes hiPS cells a valuable object for creating in vitro models of human diseases, screening drugs and a future source of cells for regenerative medicine. To realize entirely a potential of hiPScells, eﬀective and precise methods for their genome editing are needed. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most widely used method for introducing site-specifc double-stranded breaks into DNA. It allows genes of interest to be knocked out with high efciency. However, knock-in into the target site of the genome is a much more difcult task. Moreover, many researchers have noted a low efciency of introducing target constructs into the hiPS cells’ genome. In this review, I attempt to describe the currently known information regarding the matter of increasing efciency of targeted insertions into hiPS cells’ genome. Here I will describe the most eﬀective strategies for designing the donor template for homology-directed repair, methods to manipulate the double-strand break repair pathways introduced by a nuclease, including control of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery time. A low survival rate of hiPS cells following genome editing experiments is another difculty on the way towards successful knock-in, and here several highly eﬀective approaches addressing it are proposed. Finally, I describe the most promising strategies, one-step reprogramming and genome editing, which allows gene-modifed integration-free hiPS cells to be efciently generated directly from somatic cells.
Zika virus has an oncolytic activity against human glioblastoma U87 cells
Authors: Svyatchenko V. A. , Razumov I. A. , Protopopova E. V. , Demina A. V. , Solovieva O. I. , Zavjalov E. L. , Loktev V. B.
Published: January 2019

Glioblastoma is a highly lethal brain cancer. Virotherapy with the use of oncolytic viruses has since recently been regarded as a promising approach for the clinic treatment of human glioblastomas. The purpose of this work was to perform a primary evaluation of the Zika virus as a potential oncolytic agent against glioblastomas.In vitroexperiments showed that the Zika virus strain MR 766 is able to selectively infect and lyse neoplastic cells of the human glioblastoma cell line U87 MG. The selectivity index (SI, the ratio of infectious titer for tumor cells to titer on normal untransformed cells) was 2·102. The selectivity of the replicative activity of Zika virus in relation to U87 MG glioblastoma cells was additionally confrmed by indirect immunoﬂuorescence. Using the model of immunodefcient SCID mice with subcutaneous xenografts of human glioblastoma U87 MG, a strong antitumor activity of the Zika virus under a course (daily for 4 days) of intratumoral administration of 5·105 TCID50 of Zika virus was shown. Treatment with Zika virus resulted in more than a 10­fold reduction in mean volumes of tumors. The tumor growth inhibition index was 92.63 %. Recurrences (metastases) of tumor re­growth were not registered within 64 days of observation. This result demonstrated the prospect of further in­depth studies of the Zika virus as a potential oncolytic agent against human glioblastomas.
ОРОНИМИ У СРПСКИМ СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНИМ ПОВЕЉАМА: ЊИХОВ ПОМЕН У ФУНКЦИЈИ ПОГРАНИЧНОГ ЕНТИТЕТА ПРОСТОРА
Authors: Божанић Снежана
Published: January 2019

Рељеф је један од најважнијих и најутицајнијих елемената природне средине. Сви облици Земљине површине, односно равнине и неравнине на њој, предодређују врсту и облике међашења на неком простору. Планине, брда, брежуљци, врхови брда и планина, главе, гребени, литице, стене, хридине, стрмине, ртови, долине и пољане јављају се у функцији међника. Ороними су јасни, прецизни, лако уочљиви, непокретни, трајни међници који егзистирају под истим или сличним именом од средњег века до данашњих дана.
СИРОМАШТВО И ФРАЊЕВАЧКИ РЕД У ЈУГОИСТОЧНОЈ ЕВРОПИ
Authors: Rokai Melina
Published: January 2019

Оснивачи фрањевачког реда прописали су потпуно, апсолутно сиромаштво за своје следбенике нормама које регулишу њихов начин живота. Прописи су забрањивали поседовања личне имовине и регулисали да једини вид стицања средстава за живот буде просјачењем. У југоисточној Европи, Мађарској и у оквиру Балканског полуострва, овај правилник је било немогуће применити због неадекватног протока новца. Као резултат таквог економског стања, владари и феудалци су давали Фрањевцима омања имања. Таква пракса је довела до ситуације да је овај монашки ред поседовао кметове, водио имовинске и оставинске расправе, претварајући се у владајућу властелинску класу, са свим последицама тог статуса. Таква деформација Фрањевачких правила сиромаштва у југоисточној Европи је запанлила савременике развијених градских средина Медитерана и западне Европе. Овај феномен је уз сагласност врховне црквене и световне власти преживео до дубоко у двадесети век.
СУОЧАВАЊЕ СА МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЈСКИМ ИЗАЗОВОМ – БРИТАНСКИ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНИ ПРОЈЕКТИ НА БАЛКАНУ 1851 – 1852. И СРБИЈА
Authors: Самарџић Момир
Published: January 2019

У јуну 1852. у Београду се појавила група британских инжењера која је претходно у Истанбулу преговарала о изградњи трансбалканске железнице, односно о повезивању османске престонице са аустријском границом на ушћу Саве у Дунав. Овај рад представља покушај контекстуализације поменуте идеје, полазећи од британских настојања да на најпогоднијим тачкама на Балканском полуострву створе нова трговачка упоришта у османским лукама и омогуће продор у унутрашњост изградњом неопходне саобраћајне инфраструктуре, укључујући железницу. Са друге стране, рад прати делатност српске владе у вези са овом идејом, полазећи од тренутног стања српске привреде, политичких сукоба у држави, те места Србије у односима великих сила.
СПОЉНА ПОЛИТИКА РУСИЈЕ ОД КРИМСКОГ РАТА ДО ПОЧЕТКА ВЕЛИКЕ ИСТОЧНЕ КРИЗЕ (1856–1875)
Authors: Ковачевић Душко М.
Published: January 2019

Еволуција спољне политике Русије после Кримског рата била је условљена како неопходношћу реформи у самој земљи тако и измењеним околностима у међународним односима. Русија је морала да ,,обезбеди предах после изгубљеног рата за спровођење унутрашњих реформи'', али у исто време морала је да тражи и начин да изађе из ,,опасног и понижавајућег положаја” у који ју је довео Париски мировни уговор. Било је потребно да земља изађе из међународне изолације, у којој се нашла пред антируском ,,кримском коалицијом” европских држава. Руска дипломатија је остварење својих задатака у Европи постигла прво путем зближења са Француском, а када се то показало неуспешним, са Пруском. Први корак у зближењу са Пруском учињен је у време устанка у Пољској 1863. године, да би 1871. године, после пораза Француске, Русија искористила погодан тренутак и дипломатским средствима, уз подршку Пруске, добила измену чланова Париског уговора који су ограничавали њена права у Црном мору. Тај успех био је такође ,,купљен'' великом ценом, пристанком на уједињење Немачке под вођством Пруске, што је суштински изменило прилике у Европи, а самим тим и положај Русије. Поставило се после тога питања осигурање западних граница земље, настала је потреба за тражењем нових савезника ради обезбеђења позиције земље у међународним односима. Прво је нађен излаз у зближавању са Немачком и Аустроугарском, у форми Савеза три цара. Али, тај „консултативни пакт“ конзервативних држава показао се недовољно постојаним, због противречности интереса његових чланица у Европи и на Балкану.
ПОСЛАНИЦИ БУЊЕВАЧКО-ШОКАЧКЕ И ЗЕМЉОДИЛСКЕ СТРАНКЕ У РАДУ УСТАВОТВОРНЕ СКУПШТИНЕ 1920−1921. ГОДИНЕ
Authors: Марковић Саша
Published: January 2019

У раду ћемо представити, на основу историјских извора и постојеће литературе, учешће Буњеваца у политичком животу новоформиране Краљевине Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца током избора за Уставотворну скупштину и њеног рада непосредно до доношења Видовданског устава 1921. године. С обзиром на то да су Буњевци имали значајан удео у раду Велике народне скупштине Срба, Буњеваца и осталих Словена Баната, Бачке и Барање, од њеног формирања 25. новембра 1918. године па до демисије њених органа Народне управе и Великог савета почев од марта 1919. године, и узимајући у обзир њихов народни покрет у Аустроугарској монархији, очекивало се и њихово укључење у политички живот југословенске државе. Они се укључују у активности за избор представника за Уставотворну скупштину али и у припреме за сам чин избора учествујући у раду Привременог народног представништва. Погођени поделом изазваном разграничењем са Мађарском, већина већ препознатих представника Буњеваца сматрала је да је потребно да формирају сопствену страначку организацију и њен рад определе политичким циљевима и програмом који уважава конкретне интересе сународника. Тако се формира Буњевачко-шокачка странка која је, по свом ставу према уставном уређењу земље, била блиска федералистичким концепцијама, и Земљодилска странка као део Народне радикалне странке која је подржавала централистички концепт. И једна и друга странка имају представнике који учествују у раду Уставотворне скупштине.
ИСТОРИЈСКИ КОНТЕКСТ ШИДСКОГ ПЕРИОДА У СЛИКАРСТВУ САВЕ ШУМАНОВИЋА
Authors: Радаковић Страхиња Л.
Published: January 2019

Рад се бави истраживачки занимљивим питањем односа уметника и времена у ком живи. Aутора занима сликар Сава Шумановић и његов повратак из Париза у Шид 1930. године. Тешке историјске прилике од 1931. до 1942. године рефлектовале су се на живот и рад сликара, на крају Шумановић ће постати жртва тих прилика, током акције Виктора Томића ухапшен је и стрељан у Сремској Митровици августа 1942. године. Однос Шумановића према времену и историјским приликама у којим је живео и стварао можемо сагледати из писама Растку Петровићу и Вери Миловановић. У тим писмима сликар жестоко напада стварање Бановине Хрватске и хрватски национализам, помиње фашистичке земље, збегове народа и наслућује опасност која вреба од фашистичких земаља.
КА НОВОЈ ИСТОРИЈСКОЈ СВЕСТИ: НАСТАВА ИСТОРИЈЕ У ОСНОВНИМ ШКОЛАМА У СРБИЈИ 1945–1947
Authors: Кољанин Драгица
Published: January 2019

По преузимању власти комунисти су интензивирали активности у сфери културе и просвете. У посебном фокусу било је основно образовање које је обухватало најбројнију ђачку популацију, као и настава историје. Ово истраживање се бави анализом тока доношења одлука, њиховом применом и расправама које се вођене између централних југословенских органа и Министарства просвете Србије о циљевима наставе историје у основној школи, њеним плановима и програмима, начинима реализације и посебно питањем уџбеника. Детаљно су анализирани планови и програми наставе историје у основној школи из 1945. и 1947. Рад је написан на основу архивских истраживања, објављених историјских извора и савремене периодике.
ПРУГА БЕОГРАД–БАР 1952–1976 ИСТОРИЈА ФИНАНСИРАЊА НАЈВЕЋЕГ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНОГ ПРОЈЕКТА У СОЦИЈАЛИСТИЧКОЈ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ
Authors: Kežić Danijel
Published: January 2019

Пруга Београд–Бар је била највећи и најскупљи инфраструктурни пројекат у социјалистичкој Југославији. Изградња пруге је трајала 25 година, и у овом периоду између 1951. и 1976. године је политички и економски систем у Југославији неколико пута био темељно реформисан. Све те промене су директно утицале на изградњу овог великог пројекта, а нарочито на питање финансирања изградње пруге, које је од самог почетка било у центру пажње. У вези са овим питањем су вођене дискусије између представника различитих република на савезном нивоу педесетих година. Крајем шездесетих година двадесетог века питање финансирања изградње пруге Београд–Бар доспеће и у јавно мнење, и постати предмет дискусија и свађа између југословенских република. Представа о томе да су грађани СР Хрватске и СР Словеније против своје воље морали да финансирају даљу изградњу пруге Београд–Бар и да је, нпр. аутопут Сплит–Загреб био жртва једне овакве политике, и дан-данас је жива у хрватском и словеначком јавном мнењу. Са друге стране је у српском и црногорском јавном мнењу још увек живо сећање на велики успех који је остварен завршетком изградње ове пруге, као и сећање на народни зајам у СР Србији и СР Црној Гори, којим је пруга била „спасена“, јер би иначе била „жртва“ привредне реформе и децентрализације привредног система у Југославији. Сећања на пругу, и неправде у вези са финансирањем изградње пруге су жива и јасна, међутим, правог одговора на питање колико је изградња пруге коштала и ко је ту изградњу платио и даље нема. У раду који следи наћи ћете конкретне и прецизне одговоре на ова два кључна питања.
SMRT I USKRSNUĆE MITA: VERGILIJEVO ČITANJE LUKRECIJA
Authors: Кисић Милица
Published: January 2019

Kroz didaktičko-filozofski spev De rerum natura Lukrecije, između ostalog, nastoji da u potpunosti demistifikuje i ogoli duboko uvrežene mitološke predstave, te da pruži strogo naučno utemeljena objašnjenja za sve prirodne fenomene. Vergilije, pak, iako pod nesumnjivo snažnim uticajem prethodnika, kroz svoje Georgike polemiše sa Lukrecijem oživljavajući „upokojeni“ mit i neretko mu pridajući alegorijsku dimenziju.