bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Crise da Soja Orgânica
Authors: Simonetti Danieli , Perondi Miguel Angelo
Published: May 2022

Capanema, um polo nacional de produção de soja orgânica está em crise e, a partir da abordagem da Velha Economia Institucional, procura-se perceber quais mudanças ocorreram e levaram os produtores a abandonar a estratégia da produção orgânica. Entre as questões que explicam a crise, essa pesquisa percebeu que o atraso tecnológico da produção orgânica, que a princípio era usual, com o tempo, passou a ser comparativamente mais penoso. A produção orgânica ainda demanda mais de oito horas na lavoura sob o sol, entretanto, os novos pacotes tecnológicos diminuíram a penosidade do trabalho dos sistemas convencionais, uma mudança de hábito que também é impulsionada pela mudança de percepção entre as gerações, pois, os agricultores têm se mantido orgânicos enquanto dispõe de força de trabalho suficiente para manter o habito. Percebe-se assim, que o principal entrave à produção orgânica é sua pouca praticidade e a inconveniente demanda de trabalho.
Desvelando os Piores Filmes
Authors: Cristina de Oliveira Roselia
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho trata da análise crítica de três filmes que foram por mim considerados enquanto produções cinematográficas inferiores e que satisfazem apenas a massificação do cinema, e que não agregam elementos significativos e que possibilitem enxergarmos enquanto obras de referência. Foram analisados os filmes, Norbit; Sr. & Srª Smith e Uma viagem para a Itália. Os três filmes abordam temáticas diferentes, podemos considerá-los como grandes produções midiáticas, mas que apresentam qualidade duvidosa, inclusive com roteiros que ofertam conteúdos depreciativos e até mesmo violentos. Na minha opinião, são desnecessários para uma produção cinematográfica. Para fundamentar a minha crítica recorro a autores como Deleuze, Ecléa Bosi e Pierre Bourdieu que definem algumas questões pertinentes, acerca da cultura e das relações de poder que perpassam os grupos que insistem em construir propostas que promovam lucro sem qualidade e sem profundidade. Palavras-chave: Indústria Cultural. Campo de poder. Localização geográfica
Zumbis, Mortos-Vivos, Redivivos
Authors: Carastan Noboa Igor
Published: May 2022

Nos últimos anos temos visto de forma recorrente um renascimento de manifestações artísticas com temática do denominado “apocalipse zumbi”, um tipo de destruição das instituições e das próprias sociedades por meio do ataque de um tipo específico de monstro, um morto renascido movido por puro instinto que se alimenta dos vivos. De jogos de videogame a histórias em quadrinhos, de obras audiovisuais caseiras a superproduções hollywoodianas. Esses monstros mobilizam as mais diversas audiências para fazer uma reflexão sobre sua vida, se entreter e se assustar. Aqui analisamos duas obras distintas que lidam com essa temática muito mais de forma esperta de capitalizar no interesse do público sobre o tema do que realmente explorar o tema do zumbi nas sociedades globalizadas contemporâneas.Palavras-chave: Dia dos Mortos. Guerra Mundial Z. Zumbi. Morto-vivo. Redivivo. Hollywood
Electrochemical Aptasensing for Lifestyle and Chronic Disease Management
Authors: Upasham Sayali , Pali Madhavi , Jagannath Badrinath , Lin Kai-Chun , Prasad Shalini
Published: May 2022

Over the past decade, researchers have investigated electrochemical sensing
for the purpose of fabricating wearable point-of-use platforms. These wearable platforms
have the ability to non-invasively track biomarkers that are clinically relevant and provide
a comprehensive evaluation of the user’s health. Due to many significant operational
advantages, aptamer-based sensing is gaining traction.Aptamer-based sensors have
properties like long-term stability, resistance to denaturation, and high sensitivity. Using
electrochemical sensing with aptamer-based biorecognition is advantageous because it
provides significant benefits like lower detection limits, a wider range of operations, and,
most importantly, the ability to detect using a label-free approach. This paper provides an
outlook into the current state of electrochemical aptasensing. This review looks into the
significance of the detection of biomarkers like glucose, cortisol etc., for the purpose of
lifestyle and chronic disease monitoring. Moreover, this review will also provide a comprehensive
evaluation of the current challenges and prospects in this field.
Efficacy of Cannabis and its Constituents in Disease Management:
Insights from Clinical Studies
Authors: Vimal Divya , D’Souza Leonard Clinton , Rai Vipin , Lal Samridhi , Sharma Anurag , Gupta Subash Chandra
Published: May 2022

There is a long history of informal use of Cannabis sativa (commonly called cannabis) for many purposes, including treating various ailments worldwide. However, the legalization of cannabis in multiple countries, specifically for medical purposes, has grabbed the researchers' attention to discover the scientific evidence of cannabis’s beneficial effects. Among over 500 identified compounds (cannabinoids), Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are two major active cannabinoids derived from cannabis. Cannabinoids exert their effects through cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R). In the recent past, clinical trials have shown the efficacy of cannabis and cannabinoids for various human ailments such as cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pain, and metabolic disorders. The commonly used constituents and derivatives of cannabis include CBD, THC, THCV, dronabinol, nabilone, and nabiximol. The cannabis constituents have also been used in combination with other agents such as megestrol acetate in some clinical trials. The common routes for the administration of cannabis are oral, sublingual, or topical. Cannabis has also been consumed through smoking, inhalation, or with food and tea. As high as 572 patients and as low as nine patients have participated in a single clinical trial. Cannabis is legalized in some countries with restrictions, such as Belize, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, The Czech Republic, Jamaica, Netherlands, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay. This article provides a compilation of published studies focusing on clinal trials on the therapeutic effects of cannabis. The adverse effects of cannabis and its constituents are also discussed.
Ruscogenin Alleviates Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Induced
by Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis Inhibiting MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF Signaling Pathway
in Mice
Authors: Dai Yujie , Zhou Qianliu , Liu Yuankai , Chen Xiaojun , Li Fang , Yu Boyang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Kou Junping
Published: May 2022

Background:

Ruscogenin (RUS) has anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects, while its potential
effects on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) remain unclear.

Objective:

We aimed to elucidate the effects of RUS on DVT and PE induced by the inferior vena cava stenosis
(IVCS) model and investigate the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Male C57/BL6 mice were used to explore whether IVCS model could be complicated with deep
venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Then, effects of RUS on DVT and PE related inflammatory
factors and coagulation were examined using H&E staining, ELISA, and real-time PCR. Western blot analysis
was used to examine the effects of RUS on MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF signaling pathway in PE.

Results:

IVCS model induced DVT and complied with PE 48 h after surgery. Administration of RUS (0.01,
0.1, 1 mg/kg) inhibited DVT, decreased biomarker D-Dimer, cardiac troponin I, N-Terminal probrain natriuretic
peptide in plasma to ameliorate PE induced by IVCS model. Meanwhile, RUS reduced tissue factor and
fibrinogen content of lung tissue, inhibited P-selectin and C-reactive protein activity in plasma, and suppressed
the expressions of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in mice. Furthermore, RUS suppressed the phosphorylation
of ERK1/2 and MEK1/2, decreasing the expressions of Egr-1 and TF in the lung.

Conclusion:

IVCS model contributed to the development of DVT and PE in mice and was associated with
increased inflammation. RUS showed therapeutic effects by inhibiting inflammation as well as suppressing the
activation of MEK/ERK/Egr-1/TF signaling pathway.
Development of Simple Dissolution Methods for Felodipine and Combined Amlodipine
Besylate-Indapamide Extended Release Tablets without Stationary (Felodipine)
Basket
Authors: Javed Arslan , Kanwal Ummarah , Gilani Syed Ahmad Nazir , Akhtar Farhan , Shamim Rahat , Abbas Nasir , Bukhari Nadeem Irfan
Published: May 2022

Background:

The dissolution method for certain drugs needs specialized conditions. Dissolution
testing for felodipine extended release (ER) tablets (Plendil® 5 mg) and amlodipine-indapamide fixed dose
(Natrilam®, 5/1.5 mg) ER tablets requires the use of a stationary (felodipine) basket in USP Apparatus II.

Objective:

The study aimed to develop simple methods for Plendil® and Natrilam® without the use of a felodipine
basket.

Method:

The dissolution profiles obtained from different media and paddle speeds were used to compute miscellaneous
dissolution parameters and were compared to those obtained from standard (existing) methods using
a felodipine basket.

Results:

The f1, f2, and bootstrap f2 (5th % percentile) values for Plendil® 2.47, 88.17, and 54.62, respectively,
and all other dissolution factors revealed similarity between standard and the selected test method with 1%
Tween 20 at 50 rpm. For Natrilam®, f1 and f2 and bootstrap f2 5.13, 72.92, and 62.67, respectively, and all other
dissolution parameters showed similarity of the standard and selected test method using 0.1N HCl media
having 0.38 gm/L EDTA with a sinker at 100 rpm. Release of products assumed zero-order and Weibull model,
respectively.

Conclusion:

Test dissolution methods for Plendil® and Natrilam® tablets produced equivalent dissolution profiles
compared to their respective standard methods with stationary basket USP Apparatus II.
Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Forensic
Toxicology: What are the Specifics of Method Development, Validation and Quality
Assurance for Comprehensive Screening Approaches?
Authors: Wille Sarah M.R. , Desharnais Brigitte , Pichini Simona , Trana Annagiulia Di , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Wissenbach Dirk K. , Peters Frank Theodor
Published: May 2022

The use of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) has increased over the past decade in clinical and forensic toxicology, especially for comprehensive screening approaches. Despite this, few guidelines of this field have specifically addressed HRMS issues concerning compound identification, validation, measurement uncertainty and quality assurance. To fully implement this technique, certainly in an era in which the quality demands for laboratories are ever increasing due to various norms (e.g. the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO 17025), these specific issues need to be addressed. This manuscript reviews 26 HRMS-based methods for qualitative systematic toxicological analysis (STA) published between 2011 and 2021. Key analytical data such as samples matrices, analytical platforms, numbers of analytes and employed mass spectral reference databases/libraries as well as the studied validation parameters are summarized and discussed. The article further includes a critical review of targeted and untargeted data acquisition approaches, available HRMS reference databases and libraries as well as current guidelines for HRMS data interpretation with a particular focus on identification criteria. Moreover, it provides an overview on current recommendations for the validation and determination measurement uncertainty of qualitative methods. Finally, the article aims to put forward suggestions for method development, compound identification, validation experiments to be performed, and adequate determination of measurement uncertainty for this type of wide-range qualitative HRMS-based methods.
Investigating the Metabolic Mechanisms of Butaselen, An Ebselen Analog
Authors: Tian Qianqian , Jiang Jinfang , Yin Hanwei , Zhang Yifan , Li Yilin , Wu Ping , Peng Chao , Wang Zhijie , Zhou Jialan , Zeng Huihui , Zhong Dafang
Published: May 2022

Background:

Butaselen is an ebselen analog that is under clinical trials for treating hepatic and pulmonary
fibrosis. Our previous studies showed that butaselen is mainly present in human plasma in the form of M2, a
free Se-methylated metabolite.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms of butaselen.

Methods and Results:

Butaselen was incubated with human plasma. Butaselen immediately disappeared, and the
butaselen-HSA (human serum albumin) adduct was detected by HPLC-HRMS, showing that butaselen covalently
binds to HSA. The butaselen-HSA adduct was precipitated using acetonitrile and then incubated with PBS, Cys, and
GSH for 1 hour. The product was M1, a reduced form of butaselen. The results indicated that HSA, Cys, and GSH
can reduce the butaselen-HSA covalent bond. The binding site for butaselen could be the cysteine-34 residue of HSA
through pronase and trypsin hydrolysis. Incubating butaselen with cysteine, butaselen-Cys, butaselen-2Cys, and M1
were generated, indicating the covalent binding and reduction of butaselen by cysteine. We incubated liver microsomes
and cytosol with butaselen, 6.22 and 246 nM M2 were generated, respectively. The results demonstrated that
cytosolic enzymes are mainly involved in M2 production. The amount of M2 in the liver cytosol decreased from 246
nM to 2.21 nM when 10 mM m-anisic acid (a specific TPMT enzyme inhibitor) was added, showing that TPMT is
responsible for M2 formation.

Conclusion:

Butaselen was covalently bound to HSA, and the binding site was the cysteine-34 residue of HSA. The
butaselen-HSA adduct was reduced by free thiol compounds to generate M1. M1 was further metabolized to M2 by
cytosolic TPMT. This study provides a basis for studying the pharmacokinetics of selenium-containing drugs.
Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Manchanda Geetanjali , Dubey R.C. , Srivastava Atul K. , Yang Ying-Jie , Kumar Ajay , Yerpude Sachin T. , Rai Alok R.
Published: May 2022

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) hold great potential for the advancement of future medicine but suffer from unsatisfactory clinical success due to the challenges accompanied with their delivery. Nucleic acid mediated nanomaterials have riveted the researchers from past two decades and exhilarating tasks have prevailed. Nucleic acid nanotechnology offers unique control over the shape, size, time, mechanistic, and anisotropy. It can transfect numerous types of tissues and cells without any toxic effect, minimize the induced immune response, and penetrate most of the biological barriers and hence it reveals itself as a versatile tool for multidisciplinary research field and for various therapeutic purposes. Nucleic acid combines with other nanoscale objects also by altering the chemical functional groups and reproducing the varied array of nanomaterials. Interestingly, nucleic acid derived nanomaterials are characterized easily at atomic level accuracy. However, this advent nanoscience has vital issues which must be addressed, such as the high cost of nucleic acids, their self-assembly nature, etc. Hence, the aim of this review is to highlights the systematic advances and methodology of nucleic acid mediated synthesis of nanomaterials and their therapeutic applications.
Number of Detected Proteins as the Function of the Sensitivity of Proteomic
Technology in Human Liver Cells
Authors: Archakov Alexander , Vavilov Nikita , Ilgisonis Ekaterina , Lisitsa Andrey , Ponomarenko Elena , Farafonova Tatiana , Tikhonova Olga , Zgoda Victor
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The main goal of the Russian part of C-HPP is to detect and functionally annotate
missing proteins (PE2-PE4) encoded by human chromosome 18. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to
use the most sensitive methods of analysis.

Background:

However, identifying such proteins in a complex biological mixture using mass spectrometry
(MS)-based methods is difficult due to the insufficient sensitivity of proteomic analysis methods.
A possible solution to the problem is the pre-fractionation of a complex biological sample at the
sample preparation stage.

Objective:

This study aims to measure the detection limit of SRM SIS analysis using a standard set of
UPS1 proteins and find a way to enhance the sensitivity of the analysis and to, detect proteins encoded
by the human chromosome 18 in liver tissue samples, and compare the data with transcriptomic analysis
of the same samples.

Methods:

Mass spectrometry, data-dependent acquisition, selected reaction monitoring, highperformance
liquid chromatography, data-dependent acquisition in combination with pre-fractionation
by alkaline reversed-phase chromatography, selected reaction monitoring in combination with prefractionation
by alkaline reversed-phase chromatography methods were used in this study.

Results:

The results revealed that 100% of UPS1 proteins in a mixture could only be identified at a
concentration of at least 10-9 М. The decrease in concentration leads to protein losses associated with
technology sensitivity, and no UPS1 protein is detected at a concentration of 10-13 М. Therefore, the
two-dimensional fractionation of samples was applied to improve sensitivity. The human liver tissue
was examined by selected reaction monitoring and shotgun methods of MS analysis using onedimensional
and two-dimensional fractionation to identify the proteins encoded by human chromosome
18. A total of 134 proteins were identified. The overlap between proteomic and transcriptomic data in
human liver tissue was ~50%.

Conclusion:

The sample concentration technique is well suited for a standard UPS1 system that is not
contaminated with a complex biological sample. However, it is not suitable for use with a complex biological
protein mixture. Thus, it is necessary to develop more sophisticated fractionation systems for the
detection of all low-copy proteins. This weak convergence is due to the low sensitivity of proteomic
technology compared to transcriptomic approaches. Also, total mRNA was used to perform RNA-seq
analysis, but not all detected mRNA molecules could be translated into proteins. This introduces additional
uncertainty in the data; in the future, we plan to study only translated mRNA molecules-the translatome.
Data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026997.
Taming the Devil: Antimicrobial Peptides for Safer TB Therapeutics
Authors: Verma Rahul Kumar , Jadhav Krishna , Singh Raghuraj , Ray Eupa , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: May 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly contagious infection with extensive mortality and morbidity. The rise of TB-superbugs (drug-resistant strains) with the increase of their resistance to conventional antibiotics has prompted a further search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. It is difficult to breach the barriers around TB bacteria, including mycolic cell wall, granuloma, biofilm and mucus, by conventional antibiotics in a short span of time. Hence, there is an essential need for molecules with an unconventional mode of action and structure that can efficiently break the barriers around mycobacterium. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are essential components of innate immunity having cationic and amphipathic characteristics. Lines of evidence show that AMPs have good myco-bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against normal as well as antibiotic-resistant TB bacteria. These peptides have shown direct killing of bacteria by membrane lysis and indirect killing by activation of innate immune response in host cells by interacting with the component of the bacterial membrane and intracellular targets through diverse mechanisms. Despite a good anti-mycobacterial activity, some undesirable characteristics are also associated with AMP, including hemolysis, cytotoxicity, susceptibility to proteolysis and poor pharmacokinetic profile, and hence only a few clinical studies have been conducted with these biomolecules. The design of new combinatorial therapies, including AMPs and particulate drug delivery systems, could be new potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics to fight MDR- and XDRTB. This review outlined the array of AMP roles in TB therapy, possible mechanisms of actions, activities, and current advances in pragmatic strategies to improve challenges accompanying the delivery of AMP for tuberculosis therapeutics.
Antidiabetic Potential of Selected Ethnomedicines Utilized for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Trinidad and Tobago: A Review
Authors: Powder-George Yomica L. , Deonarine Rajiv D.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high global prevalence
and one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Despite developments in synthetic medicine,
the associated serious side effects with current antidiabetic drugs indicate an urgent need for novel
effective treatments. Traditional medicinal plants offer great potential in the treatment of many diseases
due to their bioactive phytochemicals and are a useful resource for developing safe and effective
hypoglycemic agents.

Methods:

The present review collates the most frequently used ethnomedicines for the management
of diabetes mellitus in Trinidad and Tobago. Further, it provides scientific validation of the
claimed antidiabetic effects of four selected ethnomedicines: Antigonon leptopus, Gomphrena globosa,
Laportea aestuans and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. A comprehensive literature search was
conducted using various electronic scientific databases and search engines. Information was collected
on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these selected species to illustrate the
antidiabetic activity and potential applications of these plants.

Conclusion:

The findings of the numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments from previously published
literature indicate the four candidate plants as promising sources of antidiabetic lead compounds
and provide useful information to stimulate extensive studies. Further investigations on the
isolation, identification and clinical evaluation of the pharmacologically active constituents from
these plants can lead to the discovery of new and effective antidiabetic agents.
Telemedicine for Diabetes Mellitus Management in Older Adults: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Tristão Luca Schiliró , Tavares Guilherme , Tustumi Francisco , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Duarte Márcio Luis , Peccin Maria Stella , dos Santos Lucas Ribeiro
Published: May 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus affects almost 20% of the world’s population between
65 and 99 years old. The care for this disease urges a complex, multidisciplinary, and stepwise approach.
Telemedicine has been evaluated, and clinical trials as well as systematic reviews have
been performed, and most have shown the benefits of its use in DM management. However, as the
prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases, as well as the population ages, considerations regarding
access and compliance of older patients to such technologies arise.

Objective:

The study aimed to determine the efficacy of telemedicine medical consultations in
comparison to standard face-to-face consultations.

Methods:

A systematic literature search to identify trials investigating the effect of telemedicine
medical consultations in clinical-laboratory aspects of DM management was conducted. The search
was carried out in electronic databases: Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the
CENTRAL Cochrane. Two authors independently assessed the included studies using the proper
bias assessment tool for each study design.

Results:

In agreement with the eligibility criteria, three studies were included. In terms of the main
outcome, HbA1c, only one out of three articles showed a significant difference between the
groups, favoring patients in the telemedicine group. With respect to blood pressure, Sood A reported
that the usual care group exhibited a greater improvement in systolic blood pressure with statistical
differences. All other results displayed no significant statistical difference between the groups.
Also, no statistical difference was found in most of the lipid profile results.

Conclusion:

Our review shows that teleconsultations do not provide a clear benefit to elderly people
with diabetes, but they may be non-inferior.
Safety and Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring: An Overview
Authors: Venkatesan Vijayalakshmi , Singh Himadri
Published: May 2022

Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2) is the most burdensome condition for the healthcare systems
worldwide. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a powerful tool in the management of
diabetes that has helped patients with diabetes to achieve better glycemic control as compared to
traditional systems. It helps reduce the frequency as well as the severity of hypoglycemia. Continuous
glucose monitoring technology is an integral part of the ‘artificial pancreas’. This review provides
an overview of CGM technology and its applications.
Transition Metal Coordination Complexes of Flavonoids: A Class of Better Pharmacological
Active Molecules to Develop New Drugs
Authors: Selvaraj Stalin , Jayaprakash Sushmitha , Ramesh Sruthi , Karthikeyan Aishwarya , Murugappan Sivasubramanian , Sidharthan Priyadharshini
Published: May 2022

Flavonoid metal ion complexes are one of the classes of biologically active molecules with immense pharmacological
potential, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity, to name a few. The
effectiveness of this complexion depends on the state and nature of the transition metal ions and on the position to
which the metal ion coordinates with their corresponding parent flavonoid. The metal coordination of flavonoids also
improves the biological activities to a maximum extent compared to the parent compound. This may be attributed to
many factors such as metal ions, coordination sites, structural configuration, and stability of the complexes. On the
other hand, some of the metal ion complexes reduce the biological efficiency of the corresponding parent flavonoids,
which can be due to the shift from antioxidant to pro-oxidant nature as well as the stability of the complexes both in in
vitro and in vivo conditions. However, the literature on the stability of flavonoid metal ion complexes in in vivo conditions
is very scanty. Therefore, this review summarizes and critically addresses all these parameters a favor together in
a single slot that favours for the researchers to put forward to understand the mode and detailed molecular mechanism
of flavonoid metals complexes compared with their corresponding parent flavonoids.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles of Vernonia cinerea Leaf Extract
and their In vitro Cytotoxicity Activity against Neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y
Cell Lines, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies
Authors: Palei Narahari N. , Krishnan S. Navaneetha , Jayaraman R. , Reddy S. Hemanth , Balaji Anna , Samanta Malay K. , Mohanta Bibhash C.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Green syntheses of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have potential anti-
cancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, among other aspects. The aim of the present study
was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Vernonia cinerea plant extract.

Methods:

The AgNPs were successfully prepared and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer,
particle size, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis
(EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The in
vitro cytotoxicity study was performed using neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell lines. Moreover, antimicrobial
and antioxidant activity studies were also performed for AgNPs.

Results:

The size of AgNPs determined through the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was 49.5
nm and the zeta potential was -36.8 mV. The synthesized AgNPs were checked using UV-Visible spectroscopy
at ƛmax 439 nm. The color was changed from green to dark brown, indicating the formation
of AgNPs. The TEM study revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The XRD pattern of
AgNPs produced in this experiment was apparently crystalline. The results of FTIR study revealed that
the majority of the obtained peaks correspond to the polyphenols, triterpenoids, and alkaloids which
were abundant in the corresponding to the V. cinerea leaf extract and support to the formation of
AgNPs.
The cytotoxicity effect of the V. cinerea plant extract and biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be dosedependent.
From the results of antimicrobial studies, it was reported that the gram negative bacteria
were found to be more susceptible compared to the gram positive bacteria. Moreover, the results of antioxidant
study revealed that the AgNPs showed good antioxidant activity (77.21%) in comparison to
the V. cinerea plant extract (56.13%).

Conclusion:

Based on the results, it could be concluded that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles
showed promising anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activities as compared to the plain V. cineria
plant extract.
Recent Patents on 3D Printing Technology in Artificial Bone Printing
Devices, Materials, and Related Applications
Authors: Li Zhaolong , Wang Qinghai
Published: May 2022

Background:

3D printing is a kind of rapid prototyping technology. It is a digital model file-based technology that uses powdered metals, plastics and other bond able materials to construct objects by stacking them layer by layer. In recent years, the use of 3D printed artificial bones for repairing or re-placing damaged bones has been widely used. Therefore, the application of 3d printing technology in the field of orthopedics has attracted more and more attention.

Objective:

This paper introduces the research status of 3D printing technology in the field of orthope-dics, and discusses the future development direction.

Method:

Summarize various representative patents related to 3D printing bones all over the world.

Results:

By summarizing a large number of patents related to 3D printing bones, the research status of printing devices, printing materials, structure optimization and related applications of 3D printing bones are analyzed, and the related problems and development trends of 3D printing bones are dis-cussed.

Conclusion:

The combination of 3D printed bone materials and the optimization of the artificial bone unit structure will improve the mechanical properties of bone grafts and increase the success rate of transplantation. Bone repair aids and surgical guides will improve the success rate of orthopedic sur-gery and will be more widely used in the future. 3D printing technology is more and more widely used in the field of orthopedics, and there will be more research results in the future.
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of Apigenin: A Review
Authors: Bhardawaj Hemlata , Vasudeva Neeru , Sharma Sunil
Published: May 2022

Background:

A bioactive flavone, apigenin is plentifully present in common vegetables and fruits including spinach, parsley, celery stalks, peas, black olives, olive oil, grapefruit, kumquat, honey etc. It is a low-toxic flavonoid. Flavonoids are currently considered an important component in a huge range of cosmetic, pharmacological, and medical formulations. According to epidemiological research flavone-rich diets have been related to a lower risk of cancer notably, lung, skin, prostate, breast cancers and certain hematological disorders. It has been proposed as a preventive agent in other disorders such as oxidative stress, inflammation, cardiovascular and neurological issues. Apigenin-enriched medications are more effective for some chronic conditions, but if consumed regularly, they can harm animal and human health such as stomach discomfort, skin irritation, numbness and prolonged sedation etc. Apigenin's bioavailability limitations need the development of innovative carriers to increase bioavailability. Flavonoid’s data is gathered from the major public databank in order to emphasize apigenin's important role in the treatment and prevention of numerous illnesses, as well as to explore its health consequences.

Method:

The literature review of the apigenin was collected from various databases viz. Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Google and Science Direct etc.

Results:

The compiled data on the therapeutic efficacy of apigenin and its derivatives provides a platform for future researcher.

Conclusion:

The data revealed the pharmacological effects viz. anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, ischemic stroke and anti-arthritic activities of apigenin isolated by using different solvents and analytical methods that can be useful in the utilization for the development and formulation of herbal preparation by future researchers.
Validation of Gender Identification by “Alu” Insertion on Y Chromosome
for Forensic Mass Disaster
Authors: Israfil S.M. Hasan , Begum Rokeya , Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Gender determination of human samples is critical in forensic identification.
The most popular forensic kit AmpliFlSTR® is based on Short Tandem Repeat (STR), and
gender determination is performed on a single copy Amelogenin gene with X and Y homologous
chromosomes. This method is not sufficiently sensitive for degraded and a small number of samples
and requires a lengthy time. Furthermore, this method needs fragment analysis by a genetic
analyzer and an analytical kit for sample preparation, which is costly and not available for public
support in developing countries.

Aim:

Thus, it is urgent to have an alternative, quick, and cost-effective gender identification method
during mass disasters.

Objective:

We proposed to use an alternative PCR method with a single AluSTYa primer and compare
it with our designed primer to identify male and female DNA samples in mass disasters when
identification is crucial.

Method:

In the current research, we scanned 16 samples from the fire incidence area known as
Mohammadpur slum of Dhaka city in different time frames, where bodies were partially burnt.
Patients were admitted to the burn unit of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Thirty-six unknown
samples from the healthy cohort were included from the Dhaka University campus for comparison.
Modified Alu primer was used in addition to known commercial AluSTYa primers.

Results:

This study revealed that our designed primer and commercial AluSTYa primer could identify
Alu insertion by a simple PCR method into a non-recombinant Y homologous region. The
results showed the high quality of DNA extracted from the burnt specimens and a 100% difference
in the number of bands in X and Y chromosomes by a simple, robust, and cost-effective PCR and
agarose gel electrophoresis method for gender identification.

Conclusion:

This method can be applied to mass disaster incidents where rapid gender identification
of unknown persons is urgent for forensic purposes.
Individual Enterprise "Holiday Agency" and the Mechanism of its Promotion in the Market of Regional Socio-Cultural Services
Authors:   East Siberian State Institute of Culture, Matveeva Elena V. , Khabibulina Larisa S.
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the undertaken research consists in the analysis of economic and pedagogical factors in the activities of a commercial enterprise operating in the market of socio-cultural services of a municipal formation. Nowadays, various agents can engage in the education and enlightenment of the population, their professional activities are fixed by law. As a result, the competition of municipal and commercial leisure offers for the population arises in the market of socio-cultural services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the conditions for the implementation of the service of a children's and family holiday and its promotion to the market by a commercial agency that carries out its professional activities in the municipality of a Siberian city. Objectives. Among the studied tasks, we can note such as the study of the mechanism of promotion of a holiday agency to the market of socio-cultural services of a small city, including such marketing components as the study of the service market and existing competitors, the analysis of the segment of service consumers, the study of supply and demand for the service and the development of a turnkey service. Methodology. The leading empirical method of the study was a survey of residents of Tulun, Irkutsk region, and specialists in the field of culture engaged in the professional field of eventing. Results. The practical significance of the undertaken research is that the results obtained during it will allow other subjects of the market of socio-cultural services to provide a stable mechanism of functioning, thereby contributing to the expansion of the range of holiday services and improving its quality. The conclusions of the study are based on the need to introduce a wide range of festive events for children of all age groups, as well as inclusive holidays for children with special needs to the market of social and cultural services in the city of Tulun, Irkutsk region. It is assumed that due to the attention to children with special needs and the implementation of holidays in partnership with municipal institutions, the children's holiday agency, as the object of this study, will receive undeniable advantages in promoting its services in the city's holiday services market.
Needs, Challenges, and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education Curriculum
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Marques Oge , Wyatt Adam T M
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is on course to become a mainstay in the patient’s room, physician’s office, and the surgical suite. Current advancements in health care technology might put future physicians in an insufficiently equipped position to deal with the advancements and challenges brought about by AI and machine learning solutions. Physicians will be tasked regularly with clinical decision-making with the assistance of AI-driven predictions. Present-day physicians are not trained to incorporate the suggestions of such predictions on a regular basis nor are they knowledgeable in an ethical approach to incorporating AI in their practice and evolving standards of care. Medical schools do not currently incorporate AI in their curriculum due to several factors, including the lack of faculty expertise, the lack of evidence to support the growing desire by students to learn about AI, or the lack of Liaison Committee on Medical Education’s guidance on AI in medical education. Medical schools should incorporate AI in the curriculum as a longitudinal thread in current subjects. Current students should understand the breadth of AI tools, the framework of engineering and designing AI solutions to clinical issues, and the role of data in the development of AI innovations. Study cases in the curriculum should include an AI recommendation that may present critical decision-making challenges. Finally, the ethical implications of AI in medicine must be at the forefront of any comprehensive medical education.
Familiarity in Rural Life: Protocol for a Scoping Review and Concept Analysis
Authors: Swan Marilyn A , Gietzen Luke J , Hobbs Barbara B
Published: May 2022

Background

Familiarity is a concept often used in literature but is not well defined or understood. As a key concept in rural nursing theory, the conceptual understanding of familiarity is currently incomplete. The findings from this scoping review will inform a concept analysis using Walker and Avant’s method and to identify and define the missing key components of familiarity.

Objective

The objective of this scoping review is to examine and analyze what is known in the existing literature about the concept of familiarity.

Methods

The Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review framework guided the identification of literature published from 2016 to 2022 on familiarity. Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting standard, the familiarity scoping review is registered on Open Science Framework (registration digital object identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZB8VF). A total of 8 databases, including PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Plus with full text, APA PsychInfo, Communication Source, EBSCO MegaFILE, Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Database, and ScienceDirect, will be searched for 22 search terms. Covidence software will be used to manage the scoping review with each citation independently reviewed by 2 research team members for eligibility. Eligibility will be determined using a 2-level process. Each title and abstract will be screened for eligibility; for citations deemed eligible, a full-text article review will be conducted. The scoping review is expected to locate a large body of literature, and eligibility criteria will be refined during the title and abstract screening process. In addition, reference list scanning will be performed to locate relevant literature.

Results

Familiarity data will be collected beginning October 2021 with anticipated completion in March 2022. Dissemination of findings will occur through scholarly presentations and in rural-focused and nursing publications in 2022 or 2023. The findings from this review will further the understanding of familiarity and how it affects rural life and nursing practice.

Conclusions

This review will support a full understanding and add clarity to the concept of familiarity as a component of rural life. These new insights will advance the understanding of how familiarity influences rural health care practice. The concept analysis will provide theoretical support for rural nursing theory and promote an understanding of the interrelationships of rural concepts.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/36930
Mask Use to Curtail Influenza in a Post–COVID-19 World: Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Froese Henri , A Prempeh Angel G
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Face mask mandates have been instrumental in the reduction of transmission of airborne COVID-19. Thus, the question arises whether comparatively mild measures should be kept in place after the pandemic to reduce other airborne diseases such as influenza.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to simulate the quantitative impact of face masks on the rate of influenza illnesses in the United States.

METHODS

Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data from 2010 to 2019, we used a series of differential equations to simulate past influenza seasons, assuming that people wore face masks. This was achieved by introducing a variable to account for the efficacy and prevalence of masks and then analyzing its impact on influenza transmission rate in a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model fit to the actual past seasons. We then compared influenza rates in this hypothetical scenario with the actual rates over the seasons.

RESULTS

Our results show that several combinations of mask efficacy and prevalence can substantially reduce the burden of seasonal influenza. Across all the years modeled, a mask prevalence of 0.2 (20%) and assumed moderate inward and outward mask efficacy of 0.45 (45%) reduced influenza infections by >90%.

CONCLUSIONS

A minority of individuals wearing masks substantially reduced the number of influenza infections across seasons. Considering the efficacy rates of masks and the relatively insignificant monetary cost, we highlight that it may be a viable alternative or complement to influenza vaccinations.
Peer Review of “Mask Use to Curtail Influenza in a Post–COVID-19 World: Modeling Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Frederick Julia
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS# 31955
Analysis of Priorities in Developing Virtual Reality Programs for Teaching Core Nursing Skills: Using Borich’s Needs and the Locus for Focus Model (Preprint)
Authors: Jeong EunYoung , Lim JunSeo
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

There are limitations to conducting face-to-face classes following the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Online education is no longer a temporary form of teaching and learning during unusual events, such as pandemics, but has proven necessary to uphold in parallel with offline education in future. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically organize the priorities of learner needs analysis by systematically and rationally investigating and analyzing the needs of learners for the development of virtual reality (VR) programs for teaching core nursing skills (CNSs).

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to identify the priorities of learners' needs for the development of VR programs for CNSs using the Locus for Focus Model (LFM) and Borich priority formula.

METHODS

The participants included nursing students in South Korea who were in their second year or higher and had taken courses in fundamental nursing or CNS-related classes. The survey took place from May 20 to June 25, 2021. A total of 337 completed questionnaires were collected. Of these, 222 were used to conduct the final analysis. The self-report questionnaire consisted of three parts: perception of VR programs, demand for developing VR programs, and general characteristics. The general characteristics of the participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. To determine the priority of the demand for developing VR programs for CNSs, the LFM and the Borich priority formula were used.

RESULTS

Eight items were identified as being of top priority for development, including intramuscular (IM) injection, intra-dermal (ID) injection, and transfusion therapy. All eight items were found to correspond to more than the middle level of difficulty set by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education (KABONE), with three corresponding to the higher level of difficulty.

CONCLUSIONS

The analysis showed that nursing students generally needed and prioritized the development of VR programs for the nursing skills involving invasive procedures and corresponding to higher difficulty according to the KABONE. The results of this study are intended to help in various practical education classes using VR programs in nursing colleges, which are currently facing difficulties in teaching CNS online owing to COVID-19.
Metadata Correction: The Effects of a Virtual Reality–Based Training Program for Adolescents With Disruptive Behavior Problems on Cognitive Distortions and Treatment Motivation: Protocol for a Multiple Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design (Preprint)
Authors: Klein Schaarsberg Renée E , Popma Arne , Lindauer Ramón J L , van Dam Levi
Published: May 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a corrigendum for original article ms# 33555.