bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECENT ADVANCES IN BiCMOS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: CHIU TZU-YIN , KO PING K.
Published: November 2004

The merits of high speed bipolar and low power VLSI CMOS are combined in BiCMOS technology. Designers are exploiting additional dimensions of flexibility and are implementing aggressive high performance systems not achievable before. Various approaches to BiCMOS integration, spanning from a single mask addition to sophisticated fully self-aligned device structures, are reviewed in this article. The philosophies behind the technology evolution in the last five years are discussed. We have also ventured to extrapolate future BiCMOS technology trend and applications.
HIGH-SPEED TECHNOLOGIES IN LARGE SCALE DRAMs
Authors: FURUYAMA TOHRU
Published: November 2004

Various achievements of high-speed technologies have contributed towards advancements in high-density DRAMs (dynamic random access memories). We consider both fast access time and short cycle time which are important for high speed data rate operation. Transistor switching speed improvement due to device scaling has been one of the key factors for high-speed DRAMs. Advanced sense amplifier technologies have also played important roles in high-speed DRAM development. The 16M-bit dynamic RAM will also be discussed.
SPACE CURVES WITH NONZERO TORSION
Authors: TOTARO BURT
Published: November 2004

For a closed curve in R3 with curvature and torsion everywhere nonzero, the sum of the total curvature and the total torsion is greater than 4π.
Effects of Acupuncture on Tissue-Oxygenation of the Rat Brain
Authors: Chen Gregory S. , Erdmann Wilhelm
Published: November 2004

Acupuncture has been claimed to be effective in restoring consciousness in some comatose patients. Possible mechanisms to explain alleged acupuncture-induced arousal may include vasodilatory effects caused by sympathetic stimulation which leads to an augmentation of cerebral microcirculation and thereby improves oxygen supply to the brain tissue. Experiments were performed in ten albino rats (Wistar) employing PO 2 microelectrodes which were inserted into the cortex of the animals through small burholes. Brain tissue PO 2 was continuously recorded before, during, and after acupuncture.

Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci (Go-26) resulted in immediate increase of PO 2 in the frontal cortex of the rat brain. This effect was reproducible. The effect was comparable to that obtained with increase of inspiratory CO 2 known to induce arterial vasodilatation and thus capillary perfusion pressure.

The effect was more significant as compared to tissue PO 2 increases obtained after increase of inspiratory oxygen concentration from 21% to 100%. It appears that acupuncture causes an increase of brain tissue perfusion which may be, at least in part, responsible for arousal of unconscious patients. Dilatation of cerebral vascular vessels and improvement of autoregulation in the brain by acupuncture stimulation may also explain the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine headache.
Integrative Action of Thalamus in the Process of Acupuncture for Analgesia
Authors: Chang Hsiang-Tung
Published: November 2004

It was intended in this study to test the validity of the hypothesis that acupuncture analgesia is essentially a function of the central nervous system resulting from the inhibitive interaction between the afferent impulses arising from the point of acupuncture and those from the site of pain in the brain especially in the thalamus. Experiments performed in albino rats and rabbits showed that certain neurons in nucleus parafascicularis (Pf) and also nucleus centralis lateralis (CL) of thalamus could give rise to characteristic unit discharges in response to nocuous stimuli, and these discharges could be abolished be morphine. Evidences were presented to show this kind of characteristic discharges were concerned with pain. Pain responses of the Pf and CL neurons could be inhibited by electrical needling of certain acupuncture points, squeezing the Achilles tendon or weak electrical stimulation of a sensory nerve. Too strong stimulation, however, tended to exaggerate the response to pain. One kind of spontaneous rhythmic discharges of Pf neurons were demonstrated to be driven by the incessant inflow of pain impulses from the surgical wound of the experimental animals. Spontaneous discharges of this kind, like the evoked pain discharges, could be enhanced by nocuous stimuli and inhibited by an innocuous stimulus, the mechanical squeeze of the Achilles tendon or the needling of acupuncture points. The duration of inhibition of the spontaneous pain discharges of Pf neruons incurred by an innocuous stimulus varied with the frequency of the progressing discharges at the moment of stimulation, or in other words, with the excitability level of the neuron, suggesting that the efficacy of acupuncture for analgesia may be determined mainly by the state of brain excitability.
Ch'i: A Neural Hologram? Microtubules, Bioholography, and Acupuncture
Authors: Hameroff Stuart Roy
Published: November 2004

Structure, occurrence, and functions of microtubules are reviewed. The theoretical principles of bioholography are outlined and the neuronal microtubular system is offered as an anatomical substrate for such a mechanism. This entails microtubules acting as coherency inducing, dielectric wave-guides and resonators for atmospheric ultraviolet radiation which is refracted by the stratum corneum and other tissues. The proposed corporeal energy and its pathways are correlated with Ch'i, the ancient Chinese life energy and medium of acupuncture.
Scalp Needle Therapy — Acupuncture Treatment for Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Liu Tak Ho , Sadove Max S.
Published: November 2004

This article reviews the history and clinical applications of the recently developed technique of acupuncture on the scalp or "scalp needle therapy" for the treatment of central nervous system diseases and syndromes of various types resulting from chorea, parkinsonism, peripheral vascular injury, encephalitis and other conditions. The authors discuss several cases treated in this manner and report that it has resulted in significant clinical improvement in a small number of patients.
Neurohumors in Acupuncture
Authors: Chen Graham
Published: November 2004

In acupuncture an increase of some substance at the reactive site seems to be required in order to have a biochemical response. Among the substances to be considered are the neurohormones. Experimentally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurohormones are shown to be involved in analgesia and in the transmission of nerve impulses.
Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Acupuncture on Immune Responses in Sensitized Rabbits and Guinea Pigs
Authors: Chu Yang-Ming , Affronti Lewis F.
Published: November 2004

A preliminary report is presented on the possible effect of acupuncture on immune responses in rabbits injected with sheep RBC and in guninea pigs with an encephalitogenic antigen prepartion. Results from acupuncturing experimental animals at four loci-Ta-Cü, Tsu San-Li, Ch'ü-Ch'ih and Chih-Shih - strongly suggest that acupuncture has an effect on the immune response. If these observations can be substaintiated by more refined methods in subsequent experiments, a new avenue will be opened for acupuncture research.
The Clinical Response of 328 Private Patients to Acupuncture Therapy
Authors: Shifman Alan C.
Published: November 2004

It is the attempt of this study to determine the efficacy of response to acupuncture at 24 hours, one week, and three week intervals at the end of a series of treatments in 328 patients. Treated for a variety of disorders, approximately 60% had satisfactory responses of up to 3 weeks duration.

The 328 patients were classified into 13 categories of problem disorders; headaches, cevical pain, lumbar pain without radiaiton, lumbar pain with readiation, isolated sciatica, parathoracic pain, knee pain, elbow pain, shoulder pain, generalized musculoskeletal pains (rheumatism), neurological disorders, and a general miscellaneous category.

The problem disorders were then arranged into etiolgical categories. In general for each problem disorder, except for neurological, the average response ranged in the 60-65% range at the third week interval.
A New Medical Trend in China
Authors: Li C. P.
Published: November 2004

Chinese biomedical scientists are now developing a new approach to medicine by combining traditional Chinese medicine and Western biomedical science. This is the current medical trend in China. Some significant results have already been achieved. For instance, in treating fractures the traditional dexterity in coaxing broken ends of bones into alignment has been successfully adopted, and x-ray has been used to check whether there was accurate bone union. Heart diseases are treated with Western drugs in combination with Chinese herbal medicine, and the results are encouraging. Ancient theories such as Fu Chen Pei Ben (to strengthen the patient's vitality) are applied, for instance, in cancer therapy, i.e., to stimulate the patient's appetite and to improve his general condition with herbs while being treated with Western anti-cancer remedies. However, the Chinese admit that this process has only just begun.
Ginseng: Its History, Dispersion, and Folk Tradition
Authors: Goldstein Beth
Published: November 2004

This article presents a historical comparison of the traditions surrounding and uses of ginseng in Asia and in North America, with a focus on the triangle formed by the Chinese, the North American Indians, and the white American residients. The medicinal and folkloric applications of ginseng by the Chinese were remarkably similar to those independently developed by various North American Indian tribes. White Americans, however, largely disregarded the herbal root medicinal qualities in favor of the lucrative economic gains available from the export of ginseng to supply the Chinese market. Information was gathered primarily from Western sources and whenever possible was either drawn from or corroborated by original eighteenth and nineteenth century publications.
D.C. Skin Conductance Variation at Acupuncture Loci
Authors: Reichmanis Maria , Marino Andrew A. , Becker Robert O.
Published: November 2004

Skin conductance was measured in 10 subjects with a DC Wheatstone bridge in 10 areas puportedly containing acupuncture loci on the Triple Burner (TB) and Lung (Lu) meridians. When the results were compared to those from antomically similar locations devoid of acpuncture loci, local conductance variation was found to be significantly different (p<0.05) in most acupuncture locus locations.
Influence of Ginseng on Mating Behavior of Male Rats
Authors: Kim Chul , Choi Hyun , Kim Chung Chin , Kim Jong Kyu , Kim Myung Suk , Ahn Byung Tae , Park Hyoung Jin
Published: November 2004

Experiment on the mating behaviour of male albino rats paired with receptive feamles established that in comparison with control animals, males under the influence of ginseng (a) began ejaculation earlier and repeated the action more often in a 45-minute observation period and (b) deposited more copulation plugs in 10 days. The data suggest that ginseng facilitates the mating behavoir of male rats.
Organizing Communities for Change in Health: Implications of the Experience of the People's Republic of China 1949–1974
Authors: Abrams H. K.
Published: November 2004

This article is an exploration of the way in which social developments in countries may have international impact, with specific reference to the implications of health care developments in the People's Republic of China. Even though the social systems of countries may be totally different, developments of value do get through the national boundaries, or are achieved independently as responses to similar problems.
Acupuncture Anesthesia for Open Heart Surgery: A Report of 800 Cases
Authors: Hollinger I. , Richter J.A. , Pongratz W. , Baum M.
Published: November 2004

This article reports the utilization of acupuncture in combination with chemical anesthesia and neuromuscular relaxant for patients with cardiac surgery, including valvular disease and by-pass. In 800 patients studied using this type of combination of anesthetic techniques, it was found that this procedure can be successful for cardica surgery and that it allows light planes of anesthesia with less interference to circulatory regulation. There is a certain advantage of using acupuncture anesthesia when compared with chemical anesthesia, as the pharmacological agents are not used and hence post no metabolic load for the patients. From the 800 patients studied, it seems justifiable to recommend this anesthetic procedure for cardiac surgery.
Oriental Diagnosis in Stomach Cancer Patients
Authors: Garnery Jean Pierre , Matsumoto Isao , Sawa Takeshi , Nagayama Kunzo , Manaka Yoshi , Ikezono Etsutaro
Published: November 2004

A new method of performing Oriental diagnosis using Meridian Imbalance Diagram which, consisting of 23 different ratios, has a highly discriminatory significance. Using this method, Oriental and Western diagonsis in the same patients were compared. To do this we compared the Meridian Imbalance Diagrams of 22 patients entering our hospital for surgical operations with those 19 in a healthy control group. Four significantly different ratios became evident. The postoperative reports showed that 10 of the patients were suffering from stomach cancer. The Oriental diagnosis data of this new group were then compared to the data of the control group. This time, 10 ratios were found to be significantly different. This shows the existence of a pattern of Oriental diagnosis corresponding to a specific Western diagnosis.
Can an Extract of Deer Antlers Alter Cardiovascular Dynamics?
Authors: Clifford Donald H. , Lee Myung O. , Chong Yul Kim , Lee Do Chil
Published: November 2004

Ten (10) dogs were maintained under 0.75% halothane anesthesia while 11 cardiovascular parameters were studied before and following intravenous administration of an extract prepared from deer antlers. The eleven variables including cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base line deficit were studied. Stroke volume was consistently elevated during the period of observation and significantly elevated at two time intervals. Other values were not altered significantly. Extract from deer antlers does not appear to have a great acute effect on the cardiovascular system of this animal model.
The Ins and Outs of Doctor-Patient Relations in Japan
Authors: Long Susan Orpett
Published: November 2004

This paper analyzes doctor-patient relations in Japan from an interactionist perspective, based on interviews of medical personnel and patients and on participant-observation in a number of medical institutions. After describing Japanese categories of social relationships, the author shows how, by utlizing symbolic behavior, both doctors and patients attempt to manipulate the relationship to provide a desired degree of mutual reliance.
Acupuncture Anesthesia in Neurosurgery
Authors: Chen Gongbai
Published: November 2004

This paper explores the method of acupuncture anesthesia in craniocerebral operations: selection of cases and preoperative management; selection of acupuncture points and adjustment of stimulus parameters; preoperative administration of drugs and choice of proper adjuvants during the operation; and problems existing in craniocerebral operations during the application of acupuncture anesthesia and their countermeasures. The "triple contrary effects" of acupuncture anesthesia are considered, namely: anti-pain or analgesia, anti-shock, and anti-infection. How acupuncture activates the analgesic effects of the organism is discussed: the spinal afferent pathway for the needling sensations; the role of the caudate nucleus in acupuncture analgesia; and the co-relationship between endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid and acupuncture analgesia.
Chinese Alchemy in the Light of Its Fundamental Terms
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Chinese alchemy is briefly but effectively revealed by three terms all constituted of the word Chin, meaning "gold," but signifying everlasting quality. Chin-I is "Elixir of gold" which is used to make a preparation of gold; Chin-tan is "Elixir of life," potable gold, the real drug. Its consumer is Chin-jen, "golden-man," the drug-made-immortal. The three terms discussed are Chin-I, Chin-tan and Chin-jen.
Neurophysiological Demonstration of an Acupuncture Point in Man
Authors: Funakoshi Masaya , Kawakita Kenji
Published: November 2004

Relationship between an acupuncture point and the nerve fascicle was demonstrated electro-physiologically. A tungsten microelectrode was inserted to the acupuncture point Chu-Tse percutaneously in an awake human subject. When the subject experienced the particular sensation of Teh-chi, nerve impulses were recorded simultaneously. Electrical stimulation (5 Hz, biphasic pulse, 15 min) applied to the point through the electrode increased the pain threshold of the face and palm (147-171% of the control). These facts indicate that some of the acupuncture points located on the nerve fascicle and mechanical stimulation to the nerve fascicle play a part in the production of the Teh-chi sensation.
Needle Stimulation of Acupuncture Loci Chu-Chih (LI-11) and Ho-Ku (LI-4) Induces Hypothermia Effects and Analgesia in Normal Adults
Authors: Lin Mao-Tsun , Chandra Andi , Chen-Yen Sou-Mei , Chern Yun-Feng
Published: November 2004

The effects of acupuncture stimulation on the Chu-Chih (LI-11) and Ho-Ku (LI-4) loci on both thermoregulatory and analgesic activity were assessed in normal adults. stimulation of Chu-Chih and Ho-Ku each produced both hypothermia and analgesia. The hypothermia was brought about by decreased metabolic heat production and cutaneous vasodilatation (as estimated by an increase in cutaneous temperature). The analgesic effect was shown by an increase in the latency to palm lift in the hot plate test. Thus, the data indicate that stimulation of acupuncture loci Chu-Chih and Ho-Ku is an ideal treatment for both the fever and painful syndromes.
Ginseng and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Control of Stress
Authors: Fulder Stephen John
Published: November 2004

There are a group of so-called tonic remedies in Far Eastern medicine which are traditionally viewed as harmonizing or adjustive. Ginseng and eleutherococcus are the best known, and there is evidence that they increase arousal, stamina and stress resistance. We have attempted to explore the relationship between the behavioral and the stress effects, and to relate this to traditional concepts. In one series of experiments mice were given ginseng throughout their lifespan. At intervals their behavior response to mild stress was examined and found to be exaggerated compared to controls without ginseng. However, normal ambulatory behavior in the absence of stress was unaffected. A second series of experiments indicated that the binding of corticosteroid to certain brain regions was increased in adrenalectomized rats given ginseng saponin, compared to saline treated controls. This can be interpreted as a result of an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal sensitivity caused by ginseng saponin. This is in accord with traditional concepts of the use of these remedies.
Serotoninergic Mechanisms of the Hypothermia Induced by Clerodenron Fragrans (Ventenaceae) in the Rat
Authors: Lin Mao-Tsun , Ho Mei-Ling , Chandra Andi , Hsu Hseng-Kuang
Published: November 2004

The effects of the Chinese herb Chou-Mou-Li, Clerodenron fragrans (Ventenaceae) on metabolic, respiratory and vasomotor activities as well as body temperatures were assessed in conscious rats at three different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 8, 22 and 30°C. Intraperitoneal administration of Chou-Mou-Li produced dose-dependent hypothermia in rats at both 8 and 22°C Ta. At 8°C Ta the hypothermia in response to Chou-Mou-Li was due to decreased metabolism, while at 22°C Ta the hypothermia was due to both decreased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilatation. There was no change in respiratory evaporative heat loss. Furthermore, the hypothermia induced by Chou-Mou-Li was greatly antagonized by pretreatment of animals with p-chlorophenylalanine (a selective depletor of brain serotonin), but not by either atropine sulfate (a selective blocker of cholinergic receptors), regitine (a selective blocker of alpha-adrenergic receptors) or DL-propranolol (a selective blocker of β-adrenergic receptors). However, at 30°C Ta, systemic administration of Chou-Mou-Li produced no change in rectal temperature or other thermoregulatory responses. On the other hand, direct administration of serotonin into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats also produced dose-dependent hypothermia at 8 and 22°C Ta. Again, the hypothermia in response to serotonin was due to decreased metabolism at 8°C Ta and was due to both decreased metabolism and cutaneous vasodilatation at 22°C Ta. At 30°C Ta administration of serotonin also produced no change in thermoregulatory functions. The data indicate that Chou-Mou-Li produces hypothermia by increasing sensible heat loss and decreasing metabolism heat production, probably via the release of endogenous serotonin within brain.
Studies on the Phenomenon of Latent Propagated Sensation Along the Channels I:
Authors: Zhu Zongxiang , Yan Zhiqiang , Yu Shuzhang , Zhang Ruxin , Wang Juyi , Liu Yiming , Hao Jinkai , Zhang Xuliang , Yu Shuling , He Qingnian , Meng Zhaowei
Published: November 2004

By combining electrical impulse stimuli with mechanical ones, we are able to trace out a new line of feeling, coincident with the classical channel course. Impulse stimulation was carried out at the Jing point of the Large Intestine or Stomach channel, namely Shangyan or Lidui. With a small rubber nipple, light taps were applied on the skin along the lines perpendicular to the channel and crossing over the acupuncture points; a specific propagational numb feeling at the points of the channel could be found. By linking up these points of specific feeling, an imaginary line which is exactly the classical Large Intestine or Stomach channel can be traced out. This line is called the "latent propagational sensation line along the channels" because, unless through tapping, no prominent sensation of propagation could be felt. Employing an impulsive electrical generator and an all-wave commutating circuit linked to a micro-ammeter, the skin conductance was measured over the latent PSC of the Large Intestine channel lying between the wrist and 5 cm above the elbow joint. Results were compared to those locations of 1 cm apart from the channel course, i.e. the control sites devoid of acupuncture points or channels. At most acupuncture points or any site of the channel course on all of the 10 subjects under examination, there was greater electrical conductance maxima than there was at control sites. This fact indicates that not only acupuncture points, but the entire course of latent PSC are also of higher electrical conductance.
Severe Depression in Different Cultures
Authors: Dube K.C. , Kumar Aditya , Dube Sanjay
Published: November 2004

The observations on 99 cases of psychotic depression as per I.C.D. - 8 categories 296.0, 296.2, 298.0 (WHO 1967) which were included and studied during the course of the 'Internationl Pilot Study of Schizophrenia' carried out in nine field research centres in different countries are reported. An attempt is made to high-light and discuss in cross-cultural perspective: (i) the psychopathological similarities and differences among psychotic depressives, and (ii) similarities and differences of psychotic depressives with clinically diagnosed schizophrenics and with corcordant and discrepant groups (WHO 1973) of schizophrenia.
Qigong — Chinese Breathing Exercise
Authors: Koh T.C.
Published: November 2004

Qigong is an ancient Chinese breathing exercise with meditation which is being developed today for therapy of chronic illnesses in the People's Republic of China. It is claimed to cure gastric ulcers, hypertension, anxiety neurosis, otitis media, cancer and has even been used as a form of anaesthesia. Although the physiological effects produced by Qigong resemble those of meditation, there are certain features that are unique and often mysterious. Research in the future may prove Qigong to be a useful adjunct in the practice of medicine.
The Effect of Davallina Orientalis on Bone Healing — A Preliminary Report
Authors: Chow S.P. , Yeung H.W. , Law L.K. , Chan T.M. , Lau C.
Published: November 2004

A crude methanol extract of the herb Davallina Orientalis was given intraperitoneally to test its effect on bone healing in mice. The results indicated that it could increase the breaking strength of a fracture site. In our experimental model, the lower dosage has a better result probably because of less toxicity.
Serum HDL-cholesterol-increasing and Fatty Liver-improving Actions of Panax Ginseng in High Cholesterol Diet-fed Rats with Clinical Effect on Hyperlipidemia in Man
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Uemura Taizo , Nakamura Satoshi , Uemiya Masanao , Kumagai Akira
Published: November 2004

Effects of Panax ginseng on plasma and hepatic lipids were investigated in the high cholesterol diet-fed rats and in patients with hyperlipidemia. Oral administration of red ginseng powder reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and NEFA*, while plasma HDL*-cholesterol was elevated. Platelet adhesiveness was also reduced by ginseng administration. The plasma lipid-improving actions were also observed in patients with hyperlipidemia. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were decreased and phospholipid increased by ginseng administration in the high cholesterol diet-fed rats, corresponding to improvement of the fatty liver.
Acupuncture Points of the Cervical Plexus
Authors: Dung H.C.
Published: November 2004

Acupuncture points in the neck region are basically distributed along the terminal branches of the cervical plexus. There are two components of the plexus, cutaneous and muscular. The cutaneous component of the cervical plexus consists of four major branches which are the lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves. Practically all of the acupunture points in the neck are found along the routes of these cutaneous nerves. It is suggested that acupuncture points in this region be names according to the anatomical designation of these nerves.
Psychiatric Training and Therapies in Ayurved
Authors: Dube K.C. , Kumar Aditya , Dube Sanjay
Published: November 2004

This paper describes the selection and training procedures, ethical codes, metaphysical theoreis and principles of psychiatric treatments in Ayurved. Three treatment approaches for psychological disorders are: (i) Ministered therapies (psychotherapies), (ii) Performance therapies (rituals), (iii) Auto therapies. Other forms of therapies mentioned are herbal, physical and natural. Treatments were administered with benediction. Man was treated as a whole with a psychosomatic approach.

Ayurved is still a living science, though much of its knowledge has passed into oblivion. Resurrection of the lost treasure is advocated if the objective of 'Health for All by 2000 A.D.' is to be achieved for countries like India.
Evaluation on the Treatment of Morphine Addiction by Acupuncture Chinese Herbs and Opioid Peptides
Authors: Yang Mabel M.P. , Kwok John S. L.
Published: November 2004

Experimental studies on the effects of acupuncture, combined Chinese herbs, and opioid peptides on morphine withdrawal symptoms were carried out in 119 addicted rats. Electroacupuncture was found to be the most effective method as it reduced the morphine withdrawal scores to -85%. The combined herbs, Qiang Huo, Gou Teng, Chuan Xion, Fu Zi and Yan Hu Suo suppressed the withdrawal scores of – 68%. The opioid peptides, endorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin, produced marked sedative effect and alleviated the withdrawal symptoms, reducing the scores from -28% to -74%. It is suggested that acupuncture and herbs, being non-opiate and having less side effect, might be used as alternative supplementary treatment on morphine addiction.
The Embryotoxic and Immunodepressive Effects of Gossypol
Authors: Sein G.M. , Phil M.
Published: November 2004

The effects of gossypol acetic on pregnancy, embryofoetal development and on some selected parameters of immunological response in mice were studied. Daily intragastric administration of gossypol (50 or 75 mg/kg/day) during day 1-15 of gestation in mice produced a dose-dependent embroyocidal effect (37.8% and 94.5% respectively) of non-viable foetuses. There was a significant reduction in foetal bodyweight when pregnant mice were treated with gossypol, although no foetal abnormalities were observed. Lymphocyte transformation induced by mitogen concanavalin A, was not inhibited by pretreatment with gossypol (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. However, both plaque-forming cells to sheep red blood cell immunisation and the total spleen cell population were significantly depressed by higher doses (50 or 75 mg/kg/day) of gossypol.

The results of the present study indicate that gossypol is not teratogenic, but exerts embryocidal and a selective depression humoral immune response at high dose levels (50 or 75 mg/kg/day). It is not clear, whether the dose-dependent embryocidal and/or immunodepressive effects of gossypol are mediated by the parent compound or its metabolites, or whether these findings have any clinical relevance.
Effects of Hachimijiogan, Tokishakuyakusan and Keishibukuryogan on Progesterone Secretions by Corpus Luteum
Authors: Usuki Satoshi
Published: November 2004

The 27-day-old received 20 IU of PMS subcutaneously, and 56 hours later, 40 IU of hCG to induce superovulated ovaries. Seven days after the hCG treatment, the ovaries were resected and incubated or perifused with an extract Hachimijiogan (T-7), Tokishakuyakusan (TJ-23) or Keishibukuryogan (TJ-25). Progesterone in media was assayed by radioimmunoassay.

In the incubation study, TJ-23 showed no remarkable effect. In the perifusion study, TJ-23 or TJ-25 augmented progesterone levels, whereas TJ-7 revealed no effect.

These results suggest that TJ-23 or TJ-25 stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
Evaluation of Artemisia Inculta for Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Rats
Authors: Tariq M. , Mossa J.S. , Al-Yahya M.A. , Parmar N.S. , Ageel A.M.
Published: November 2004

The ethanolic extract of Artemisia inculta has been screened for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipretic activities on suitable experimental models. It has been found to produce inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma pounch and a significant decrease in the prothrombin time in rats. It failed to produce any analgesic or antipyretic activity on the hot plate reaction time and yeast induced hypyrexia tests in mice. It also did not produce any effect on the platelet aggregation and fibrinogen level in the rats. Amongst the phytoconstituents detected in this plant, flavonoids may be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract.
Effects of Electroacupuncture and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatments on Hormonal Changes in Anoestrous Sows
Authors: Lin J.H. , Liu S.H. , Chan W.W. , Wu L.S. , Pi W. P.
Published: November 2004

The therapeutric effects of acupuncture in treating reproductive disturbances of man and animals have been proven in the past is used clinically already. However, the mechanism of such therapy is not known yet. In this study, anoestrous sows were used to investigate the mechanism. Anoestrous sows with luteal ovaries were allocated to three groups. Four sows received electroacupuncture treatment at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken (acupuncture treated group; group 1). Three sows received electroacupuncture treatment at Chiang-Feng and Chou-Shu (acupuncture control group; group 2). Four received 50 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) intravenously (drug control group; group 3). The concentrations of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, oestradiol and cortisol in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay, Oestrus return was monitored during 14 days after treatment. At the end of this observation period, the number of animals returned to oestrus were 3, 1 and 1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It suggests that only treatment with acupuncture at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken had therapeutic effects in inducing oestrus. This finding is further supported by the changes of serum sex hormone concentrations. Serum LH concentrations decreased for about 2 hours after electro-acupuncture treatment both in groups 1 and 2, whereas those in group 3 increased sharply at 10 minutes, reached to a peak at 20 minutes and returned gradually to basal level between 4 and 6 hours after GnRH injection. Serum progesterone concentrations rose between 4 to 6 hours after treatment in groups 1 and 3 but not in group 2. Five sows become oestrus, showed a decreased progesterone level 2 days after treatments whereas the other six anoestrous sows did not. Oestradiol levels did not have meaningful changes during the blood sampling period of 5 to 7 days in these 3 groups. Cortisol levels elevated in 15 minutes after the electroacupuncture in groups 1 and 2. However, the increment of cortosol induced by the electroacupuncture was less than than induced by the first bleeding, indicating that the adrenal stimulation may not be the main reason of the therapeutic action. The results indicated that the electroacupuncture treatment and GnRH injection could after the release of LH from the pituitary in different ways but only electroacupuncture at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken has a specific action on ovary and a signficant therapeutic effect. Therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture on reproductive disturbance may involve a synergism of somatic-ovary and uterus reflex and central nervous-endocrine system (the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovary axis).
Effects of Qing-Fei-Tang (Seihai-to) and Baicalein, Its Main Component Flavonoid, on Lucigenin-Dependent Chemiluminescence and Leukotriene-Dependence Chemiluminescence and Leukotriene B4 Synthesis of Human Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Tanno Yasuo , Kakuta Yasunori , Aikawa Takashi , Shindoh Yuriko , Ohno Isao , Takishima Tamotsu
Published: November 2004

A traditional Chinese remedy, Qing-Fei-Tang (Seihai-to, T90), has been used for treatment of chronic respiratory diseases with long-lasting cough and sputum, e.g. chronic bronchitis. We examined the effect of T90 and its main component flavonoid, baicalein, on the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) and leukotrine B4 (LTB4) synthesis of human alveolar macrophages (AM). AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with various respiratory diseases, including sacroidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. CL were observed by stimulating 1×105 AM with phorbol myristate acetate in the presence of lucigenin. LTB4 were generated by incubating 1×106/ml AM with Ca ionophore A23187 for 30 min and determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. T90 (0.2 — 2.0 mg/ml) and baicalein (0.1 — 100 μM) inhibited both CL and LTB4 production of AM in a dose-dependent fashion. These inhibitory effects were not due to cytotoxic effects of the procedure because neither 2 mg/ml T90 nor 100 M baicalein affected the viability of AM nor lactate dehydrogenase release from AM. These results suggest that T90 exerts its effect on inflammatory lung diseases through the anti-inflammatory action, i.e. inhibiting the oxidative and arachidonate metabolism of local inflammatory lung cells.
Soma of the Rigveda and an Attempt to Identify It
Authors: Mahdihassan S. , Mehdi Fathima Sultana
Published: November 2004

Ephedra juice is used as the drink of longevity given even to the new born. This is an Aryan custom mentioned in Rigveda and followed even by the Romans. To trace the history of this custom would lead to identifying Soam = Ephedra. The orginial species of Ephedra or Soma proper would be Ephedra sinica, the Chinese plant. It is the one species with yellow stalks. This has been illustrated so that is confirms Rigveda speaking of Soma as "golden yellow". The name Soma is also a loan word from Chinese meaning "fire-yellow fibers of hemp." The plant Soma is described as "thousand boughs" and photographic evidence has been offered in support. Each stalk is rod-like resembling an arrow as Rigveda speaks of it. An illustration has been offered to show the plant with stalks which are straight and rod-like, comparable with an arrow.
Modulation of Human Basophil Growth In Vitro by Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (Syo-seiryu-to), Chai-Pu-Tang (Saiboku-to), Qing-Fei-Tang (Seihai-to), Baicalein and Ketotifen
Authors: Tanno Yasuo , Shindoh Yuriko , Takishima Tamotsu
Published: November 2004

Our previous study showed the inhibitory effect of Qing-Fei-Tang (Q.T.F.) and baicalein on the leukotriene (LT)B4 synthesis of human alveolar macrophages. It has recently been demonstrated that LTs support various cell growth, and basophil and its precursor numbers increase in atopic patients. Therefore, we examined the effect of anti-allergic drugs, including Q.F.T., Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (X.Q.L.T.), Chai-Pu-Tang (C.P.T.), baicalein and ketotifen which have been used for treatment of bronchial asthma, on human basophil growth in vitro using cord blood mononuclear cells as a basophil precursor source and conditioned medium of T cell leukemia cell line Mo as a growth factor. Two-week cultured basophil numbers identified by alcian blue-safranin staining and those histamine contents assayed fluorometrically were inhibited by Q.F.T. (1.0 mg/ml), X.Q.L.T. (0.01–1.0 mg/ml), C.P.T. (0.01–1.0 mg/ml), baicalein (1–100 μM) or ketotifen (1–100 μM) in a dose-dependent manner while low dose (0.01–0.1 mg/ml) of Q.F.T. showed an enhancing effect on the basophil growth and the histamine content. However, LTB4 or LTC4 failed in restoring the basophil growth reduced by 1 mg/ml of C.P.T. or 100 μM of ketotifen. These results suggest that anti-allergic drugs may modulate basophil growth and differentiation in vitro and/or in vivo and therefore by useful and reasonable for controlling allergic diseases including bronchial asthma.
Effects of Motherwort on Blood Hyperviscosity
Authors: Zou Qi-zum , Bi Ru-gang , Li Jou-ming , Feng Jia-bing , Yu Ai-ming , Chan Hai-ping , Zhen Ming-xin
Published: November 2004

The effect of motherwort (Leorunus Heterophyllus Sweet, MW) on blood hyperviscosity was investigated in 105 patients. The experimental and clinical study indicated that MW has a favorable clinical impact and an effective improvement of hemorheology. MW 10 ml (5g/ml) in 250 ml of 5% glucose was given intravenously daily for 15 days. 94.5% of cases showed improvements in the form of a decrease in blood viscosity and in fibrinogen volume and an increase in the deformability of Rbc, a shorting of the time of Rbc electrophoresis and an increase in antiplatelet aggregation.
The Herbal Medicine Tian Ma Gou Teng Yen Alters the Development of High Blood Pressure in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Authors: Zhang Ting-Xin , Wang Yu-Fen , Ciriello John
Published: November 2004

In this study. the effect of the herbal prescription Tian Ma Gou Teng Yen (TGY), which is traditionally used to treat certain diseases associated with elevated arterial pressure (AP), on the general development of hypertension was investigated in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). An aqueous extract of TGY was given orally (0.5 ml/100g body weight) to 5 week old SHR twice a day for six consecutive days followed by one day without herbal therapy. The herbal prescription was administered until the SHR were 16 weeks of age. Admininstration of TGY significantly altered the development and prevented hypertension in SHR. On the other hand, heart rat, body weight, food and water intake, and urine volume and electrolytes were not altered. These data suggest that the effect of TGY on AP was through an action of TGY on sympathetic vasomotor activity.
The Five Cosmic Elements as Depicted in Indian and Chinese Cosmologies
Authors: Mahdihassan S.
Published: November 2004

Indian and Chinese Cosmologies are compared, each containing five cosmic elements. The Indian elements are Akasha, Air, Fire, Water and Earth. Akasha connotes Creative energy. As depicted it is substituted by reproduction projected as creation. Hence the male and female generative organs as Lingam-Yoni, already recognized in Hinduism as symbolizing the source of creative energy, have been depicted as such. The other four elements represent creation proper. In Chinese cosmology the full term is "Yin-Yang-Wu-Hshing." Wu-Hshing signifies Five-Cosmic elements and these are Wood, Fire, Water, Earth and Metal. They are taken from Iran. Since there is no element to represent creative energy this is expressed by the term Yin-Yang, or Black and White in lieu of male-female or Lingam-Yoni of Indian cosmology. The organs of reproduction have been projected as the opposites that generate creative energy. Virtually Yin-Yang=Lingam-Yoni=Creative energy generators.
Long-Term Reno-Cardiovascular Effects of Orally Administered Aconiti Tuber in Humans
Authors: Chen Ho-Chan , Hsieh Ming-Tsuen , Chang Shu-Shi , Liu Shu-Ling
Published: November 2004

The reno-cardiovascular effects of Aconiti Tuber were studied. In a controlled, double-blind, and randomized clinical trial, it was found that in 9 months, Aconiti Tuber, after preparation (120°C, 40 min), (1) had no apparent adverse effects, (2) showed positive inotropic, postive chronotropic, and vasodilator effects, (3) increased renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate, Na+/CI-/K+ excretions. The renal function test results could be interpreted as secondary to hemodynamic changes. We conclude that specially prepared Aconiti Tuber may be a promising cardiotonic agent.
Effects of Single Moxibustion on Cutaneous Blood Vessel and Microvascular Permeability in Mice
Authors: Okazaki Masako , Aizawa Shigekatsu , Yamauchi Mayumi , Oguchi Katsuji
Published: November 2004

The effects of a single cone moxibustion on cutaneous blood vessel and microvascular permeability in ddY mice have been studied by microscopical observation and by the dye leakage technique. In our results, moxibustion induced some kind of inflammatory response such as the blood vessel reaction with leukocytes exudation and the enhancement of microvascular permeability, which is considered one of the host defense mechanisms.
Anticancer Effects of a Chinese Herbal Medicine, Juzen-taiho-to, in Combination with or without 5-Fluorouracil Derivative on DNA-Synthesizing Enzymes in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Induced Colonic Cancer in Rats
Authors: Sakamoto Shinobu , Kudo Hideki , Kuwa Katsuhiko , Suzuki Satoe , Kato Tomoyasu , Kawasaki Tohru , Nakayama Tohru , Kasahara Noriyuki , Okamoto Ryohei
Published: November 2004

Juzen-taiho-to (JTT; [Shi-quan-da-bu-tang], a Japanese modified Chinese herbal prescription) in combination with an anticancer drug UFT (5-fluorouracil derivative) prevented the body weight loss and the induction of the colonic cancer in rats treated with a chemical carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and suppressed markedly the activity of thymidylate synthetase (TS) involved in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis in colonic cancer induced by DMH.
Successful Treatment of a Senile Diabetic Woman with Cataract with Goshajinkigan
Authors: Usuki Yoshie , Usuki Satoshi , Hommura Sachiko
Published: November 2004

A 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus (DM) and suffering a cataract in the left eye, that was resistant to Western medical treatment, was treated with goshajinkigan (GJ), a herbal medicinal drug, in combination with eye drops. This treatment remarkably improved the visual disturbance due to the senile cataract. Ten days after commencement of the GJ treatment, her visual acuity did not deterioate any further. There was also no further deterioration of DM condition. These results suggest that GJ may be valuable in the treatment of diabetic women with cataracts.
Electron Microscopical and Immunohistochemical Studies on the Induction of "Qi" Employing Needling Manipulation
Authors: Kimura Michio , Tohya Kazuo , Kuroiwa Kyo-ichi , Oda Hirohisa , Gorawski E. Christo , Zhong Xiang Hua , Toda Shizuo , Ohnishi Motoyo , Noguchi Eitaro
Published: November 2004

During a sparrow-pecking and twisting-needle manipulation to the acupoints BL 23, 24 and 25 for an induction of "Qi", it was found that some transparent materials were binding to the needles after removed from the volunteer's skin. Electron-microscopical analysis of the transparent materials revealed that they corresponded to the injured fascia made up of collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts, adipocytes and mast cells. Rarely were nerve fiber-like structures observed in the materials. Immunohistochemically, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibers could be demonstrated in the acupoint BL 24 associated fascia. A possible functional relationship between the needle manipulation and the induction of Qi-sensation is discussed along with the acupoint tissue constitution.
Effects of "Kyushin", a Drug Containing Toad Venom, on Experimental Congestive Heart Failure in Rabbits
Authors: Morishita Shin-ichi , Shoji Masamichi , Oguni Yasuhiro , Ito Chihiro , Noguchi Katsuhiko , Sakanashi Matao
Published: November 2004

Effects of "Kyushin" (KY-2), a drug containing toad venom, on a low-output-type heart failure model produced in rabbits by protease treatment on the left ventricular anterior wall, were examined. Heart rate, aortic blood flow (AoF), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP) and maximal rate of rise of LVP (max dP/dt) in this model were maintained at lower levels than those in normal rabbits, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were maintained at higher levels, and the mean blood pressure (MBP) was at a normal level. KY-2 was administered intraduodenally to the animal. KY-2 improved heart failure state by increasing the AoF, LVP and max dP/dt, and by decreasing the LVEDP and SVR without a significant change in MBP. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of KY-2 on this heart failure model originate from their cardiotonic activity.
Effect of Ginsenoside Rgl on the Release of Enzymes by Cultured Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ushio Yumiko
Published: November 2004

The effects of ginsenoside Rgl, isolated from Ginseng Radix, on the secretion of plasminogen activator and angiotensin-converting enzyme from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were investigated in vitro. Ginsenoside Rgl significantly increased the secretion of plasminogen activator from the cells both with and without stimulation of the cells by thrombin. Ginsenoside Rgl also remarkably induced the secretion of angiotensin-converting enzyme from the cells. Furthermore, ginsensoside Rgl showed some morphological alteration in the surface membrane of the cells. In addition, survival-promoting effect of CPAE cell line by ginsenoside Rgl was observed.
The Hormonal Response to HCG Stimulation in Patients with Male Infertility Before and After Treatment with Hochuekkito
Authors: Ishikawa Hiromichi , Manabe Fumio , He Zhongtao , Yoshii Shin-ichi , Koiso Kenkichi
Published: November 2004

To investigate the changes in responsiveness to hCG stimulation, and the effects on sperm qualities and basal hormone levels, 63 infertile men received 7.5qr of Hochuekkito daily for 3 months(1). Sperm density ( p < 0.01) and motility ( p < 0.01) were significantly increased after the treatment (2). Serum prolactin ( p < 0.0 1) and estradiol ( p < 0.01) levels were significantly decreased after the treatment (3). Enhanced responsiveness of testosterone ( p < 0.05) and estradiol ( p < 0.05) excretion to hCG injection were observed in patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. These results suggested that Hochuekkito corrected Leydig cell dysfunctions in some infertile men, resulting in improvements in sperm qualities.