bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent headaches one year after bacterial meningitis: prevalence, determinants and impact on quality of life
Authors: Van Rémi Nguyen , Tubiana Sarah , Debroucker Thomas , Cédric Joseph , Brocas Elsa , Roy Carine , Meyohas Marie-Caroline , Prazuck Thierry , Chirouze Catherine , Hoen Bruno , Xavier Duval , Revest Matthieu
Published: October 2022

Background.

Little is known on headaches long-term persistence after bacterial meningitis and on their impact on patients’ quality of life.

Methods.

In an ancillary study of the French national prospective cohort of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults (COMBAT) conducted between February 2013 and July 2015, we collected self-reported headaches before, at onset, and 12 months (M12) after meningitis. Determinants of persistent headache (PH) at M12, their association with M12 quality of life (SF 12), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and neuro-functional disability were analysed.

Results.

Among the 277 alive patients at M12 87/274 (31.8%), 213/271 (78.6%) and 86/277 (31.0%) reported headaches before, at the onset, and at M12, respectively. In multivariate analysis, female sex (OR: 2.75 [1.54–4.90]; p < 0.001), pre-existing headaches before meningitis (OR: 2.38 [1.32–4.30]; p < 0.01), higher neutrophilic polynuclei percentage in the CSF of the initial lumbar puncture (OR: 1.02 [1.00-1.04]; p < 0.05), and brain abscess during the initial hospitalisation (OR: 8.32 [1.97–35.16]; p < 0.01) were associated with M12 persistent headaches. Neither the responsible microorganism, nor the corticoids use were associated with M12 persistent headaches. M12 neuro-functional disability (altered Glasgow Outcome Scale; p < 0.01), M12 physical handicap (altered modified Rankin score; p < 0.001), M12 depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001), and M12 altered physical (p < 0.05) and mental (p < 0.0001) qualities of life were associated with M12 headaches.

Conclusion.

Persistent headaches are frequent one year after meningitis and are associated with quality of life alteration.
Association Of The LH/FSH Ratio With Electrocardiogram Abnormalities In Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Wu Lin , Zheng Shuhui , Zhao Guangyin , Tian Borui , Sun Yucong , Tan Ying , Tang Xixiang , Qian Xiaoxian , Chen Yanming
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of the Luteinizing/Follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio with Electro-cardiogram (ECG) features in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Consecutive PCOS patients’ record were recruited from the database of the hospital for the cross-sectional study. Serum concentrations of testosterone, pituitary, prolactin, progesterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH were measure and 12-lead ECG was performed for each subject. According to LH/FSH ratio, subjects were divided into High Group (LH/FSH Ratio ≥ 2, n=24), and Low Group (LH/FSH Ratio < 2, n=52). 180 ECG features were automatically extracted by an ECG management system. The relationship between LH/FSH ratio and ECG variables was assessed by univariate and multivariate linear regression models.
Results: 76 patients with PCOS were enrolled. The mean values of LH in High Group were significantly higher than that in Low Group (P < 0.0001). P wave changes, QRS duration and ST segment changes had significantly difference between the two groups. The beginning of P wave was lower in Lead I, aVL, V2, V5, V6 in High group. Compared to Low Group, QRS duration, R-Q interval and R-S interval was narrow in High Group. There were ST depression in High Group, especially in left precordial leads such as Lead I, aVL, V5 and V6. In PCOS patients, P wave, QRS duration and ST segment changes were the most abnormalities in ECG of High LH/FSH ratio Group.
Conclusions: The associations between LH/FSH ratio and ECG abnormalities were enhanced by the increased risk stratification of PCOS patients.
Integration and entry decisions of a vertically integrated foreign firm
Authors: Zhang Chuyuan , Lee Sang-Ho
Published: October 2022

This study constructs a vertical structure model in which domestic upstream and downstream firms compete with an integrated foreign firm in each market, and compares the entry decisions of the foreign firm under vertical separation and integration between domestic firms. We show that a foreign firm will switch its entry decisions in both upstream and downstream markets depending on separation and integration, which also affects the supply decision of the integrated domestic firm. We also demonstrate that the entry decision under separation is socially beneficial only when the foreign firm enters the final goods market, while entry under integration is never socially beneficial. Finally, we find that integration decreases welfare when the number of downstream firms’ ex-post integration is sufficiently small or large.
JEL Classification L32 · L52 · D43 · H44
Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Paddy cultivation
in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dananjaya P. K. V. S. , Shantha A. A. , Patabendi K. P. L. N.
Published: October 2022

Climate change and variability are two of the most widespread topics in recent studies. Most of the researchers study the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector in the world. Because the agricultural sector is directly affected by climatic variability. Within agriculture, paddy cultivation could be named as one of the most vulnerable sectors to the variabilities of climatic parameters such as rainfall and precipitation. Rice is the staple food for 3 billion people in the world, and Sri Lankans are among them. Thus, it is crucial to study the impact of climate variability on paddy cultivation in order to safeguard the country’s food requirements. This study has reviewed publications that have been published related to the topics of climate change and paddy cultivation before 2022. The findings of the study proved that there is a positive relationship between rainfall increase and paddy production during the Maha season, but it is not equally distributed. Moreover, the increasing temperature has a negative impact on paddy production. To overcome these adverse impacts, various adaptation strategies have been suggested by scholars. Promoting crop insurance, having drought resistant and short-term crops, increasing irrigation efficiency, rainwater harvesting, and intercropping are common adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.
Retinal Pathological Features and Proteome Signatures of Alzheimer’s
Authors: Koronyo Yosef , Rentsendorj Altan , Mirzaei Nazanin , Regis Giovanna C. , Sheyn Julia , Shi Haoshen , Barron Ernesto , Cook-Wiens Galen , Rodriguez Anthony R. , Medeiros Rodrigo , Paulo Joao A. , Gupta Veer B. , Kramerov Andrei A. , Ljubimov Alexander V. , Eyk Jennifer E. Van , Graham Stuart L. , Gupta Vivek K. , Ringman John M. , Hinton David R. , Miller Carol A. , Black Keith L. , Cattaneo Antonino , Meli Giovanni , Mirzaei Mehdi , Fuchs Dieu-Trang , Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies were discovered in the easily accessible neurosensory retina. Yet, their specific nature, topographical distribution, and relationship with disease status remain undefined. Here, we histologically determined burden and spatial distribution of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), intraneuronal scFvA13+-Aβ species, macro- and microgliosis, and atrophy in superior- and inferior-temporal retinas of human donors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD versus normal cognition. AD and MCI patients had enhanced retinopathy, predominantly affecting inner layers and peripheral subregions, which quantitatively correlated with severity of cerebral amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, and cognitive scores. In advanced clinical stages AD retinopathy further affected central outer segments. Increased retinal macrogliosis and Aβ-phagocytosing microglia were detected in MCI and AD patients. Further, distinct proteome profiles of AD retinas were identified, displaying greater overlap with the temporal cortices than with hippocampi or cerebella. AD retinas exhibited upregulated inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes and downregulated oxidative-phosphorylation/mitochondrial, and photoreceptor-related pathways. This study identifies and maps AD retinopathy, demonstrating the quantitative relationship with brain pathology and cognition.
Towards the Crucial Verification of How Light Spreads at Large Distances: Experimental Design, Non-Wave Results and Consequences for Light, Gravity, Generally for Physics
Authors: Costescu Corneliu I. , Costescu Ruxandra M. , Costescu Doina M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We recognize that the spreading of light at large distances (the whole space) is the only property which can decide by yes or no if light really behaves physically like waves, while the fit of the waves for describing the diffraction fringes is insufficient for this purpose. Indeed, the fringe space is too limited and hence, brings the possibility of misinterpretation. Hence, the experiment for the direct verification if light is spreading like waves at large distances is necessary in principle, and is crucial. However, very surprisingly and tragically, this direct experiment was totally missing in history. This experiment uses the simplest diffraction case, in which a beam of light falls perpendicularly with its axis on the line and the plane of a straight edge. Practically, this experiment verifies if there is a dependence of the diffracted light at large distances in the geometrical shadow, on the changes in beam thickness traversal to a single straight edge, while the distribution of light along the straight edge remains the same. If this dependence exists, as the wave theory for light fundamentally predicts, then the wave approach to light is physically true. If there is no dependence then light cannot behave physically like waves. This experiment can clearly be developed and performed without any calculation from the wave approach, just by a careful measurement practice. However, for a broader view, we describe in detail wave results for spreading of light at large distance, which illustrate the experiment – what are the spatial points where the measurement must be done to see if the above dependence exists, and which is the big picture for the wave approach. We attempted this experiment for many years, but could not finish it because of the lack of resources to measure at 100 – 500 m. However, we show alternatively that the answer to how light spreads also comes from comparing the well known wave results for the diffraction on macroscopic holes with relatively recent data for the diffraction on nanoscopic holes. This comparison clearly shows that light does not spread physically like waves, which makes necessary a new, non-wave but periodic structure for light. On this line, we show here the big-picture for developing this non-wave structure, that is a mechanism-type structure for light. With this new structure for light one can see that there is also a missing experiment at the foundation of gravity. Finally, the above alternative answer regarding the spreading of light also makes absolutely necessary to perform the above missing experiment, as a direct way that convinces anybody how light is spreading. The present article will empower big labs to perform this crucial experiment.
An approach to solve fully intutionistic fuzzy transportation problem
Authors: Choudhary Ashutosh , Yadav Shiv Prasad
Published: October 2022

Transportation problem (TP) is a particular type of mathematical programming problem that appears in several constructive applications. In the traditional transportation problem, all the parameters like supply, demand, and cost are fixed numbers. In this situation, decision maker (DM) can estimate transportation costs accurately. But in the real world, the exact data may not be available due to insufficient informations, fluctuation in rates of fuels, impreciseness in assessment etc. In this situation, it becomes very difficult for the DM to ascertain the exact transportation cost and it is hesitant for the DM. So, under uncertainty environment, it is really interesting to deal with TP. In this study, we consider a fully intutionistic fuzzy transportation problem (FIFTP). We articulate the TP in which supplies, demands, and costs all are triangular intutionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). We propose a new method to find starting intutionistic fuzzy basic feasible solution (IFBFS). Then intutionistic fuzzy modified distributive method is proposed to find intutionistic fuzzy optimal solution. The proposed method is further illustrated by a numerical example.
Causes of Uncertain Chemotherapy Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated in Penitentiary Institutions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lisovskiy S. N. , Vostroknutov M. E. , Mikhaylova Yu. V. , Sterlikov S. A. , Ponomarev S. B.
Published: October 2022

Reporting of the «transferred out» outcome leads to significantly worse treatment results of tuberculosis patients treated in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

The objective: to investigate the patients’ routes that led to reporting of the «transferred out» outcome, and propose measures to reduce the risk of this outcome.

Subjects and Methods. We studied the places of registration and routes of 1,496 pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered for treatment in 2019 (new cases and relapses) with the outcome of «transfered out».

Results. In the structure of transferred out patients, in 631/1,496 (42.2%) patients, the «transferred out» outcome was associated with their transfer between institutions within the penitentiary system. Additionally 462/1,496 (30.9%) patients were released in the region where they continued their treatment, 85/1,496 (5.7%) were released and moved to a different region, 301/1,496 (20.6%) were released from pre-trial detention , and 10/1,496 (0.6%) left Russia and moved abroad.

Conclusion: the procedure should be developed to transfer the information about patients moving within the penitentiary system and beyond it. To motivate the patient immediately after the detection of tuberculosis, it is necessary to conduct individual conversations explaining the nature of the disease, importance and necessity of treatment. Tuberculosis patients in pre-trial detention centers should be provided with leaflets containing information about medical organization where patients can continue treatment, patients released from penitentiary units should be informed about the system of social adaptation and services available for tuberculosis patients.
Adiabatic and irreversible classical discrete time crystals
Authors: Ernst Adrian , Rossi Anna M. E. B. , Fischer Thomas
Published: October 2022

We simulate the dynamics of paramagnetic colloidal particles that are placed above a magnetic hexagonal pattern and exposed to an external field periodically changing its direction along a control loop. The conformation of three colloidal particles above one unit cell adiabatically responds with half the frequency of the external field creating a time crystal at arbitrary low frequency. The adiabatic time crystal occurs because of the non-trivial topology of the stationary manifold. When coupling colloidal particles in different unit cells, many body effects cause the formation of topologically isolated time crystals and dynamical phase transitions between different adiabatic reversible and non-adiabatic irreversible space-time-crystallographic arrangements.
Exact results for duality-covariant integrated correlators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM with general classical gauge groups
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Green Michael , Wen Congkao
Published: October 2022

We present exact expressions for certain integrated correlators of
four superconformal primary operators in the stress tensor multiplet of
\mathcal{N}=4𝒩=4
supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theory with classical gauge group,
G_NGN= SO(2N)=SO(2N),
SO(2N+1)SO(2N+1),
USp(2N)USp(2N).
These integrated correlators are expressed as two-dimensional lattice
sums by considering derivatives of the localised partition functions,
generalising the expression obtained for SU(N)SU(N)
{gauge group} in our previous works.
These expressions are manifestly covariant under Goddard-Nuyts-Olive
duality.
The integrated correlators can also be formally written as infinite sums
of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series with integer indices and rational
coefficients.
Furthermore, the action of the hyperbolic Laplace operator with respect
to the complex coupling \tau=\theta/(2\pi) + 4\pi i /g^2_{_{YM}}τ=θ/(2π)+4πi/gYM2
on any integrated correlator for gauge group
G_NGN
relates it to a linear combination of correlators with gauge groups
G_{N+1}GN+1,
G_NGN
and G_{N-1}GN−1.
These ``Laplace-difference equations’’ determine the expressions of
integrated correlators for all classical gauge groups for any value of
NN
in terms of the correlator for the gauge group
SU(2)SU(2).
The perturbation expansions of these integrated correlators for any
finite value of NN
agree with properties obtained from perturbative Yang–Mills quantum
field theory, together with various multi-instanton calculations which
are also shown to agree with those determined by supersymmetric
localisation. The coefficients of terms in the
large-NN
expansion are sums of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series with
half-integer indices, which extend recent results and make contact with
low order terms in the low energy expansion of type IIB superstring
theory in an AdS_5\times S^5/\mathbb{Z}_2AdS5×S5/ℤ2
background.
An Interview with Amanda Harper
Authors:   Tasmanian Association for the Gifted, Maher Lynne
Published: October 2022

Dr Amanda J. Harper is passionate about gifted education, and in particular, Dąbrowski’s work and its relationship to transformational giftedness. In this interview, she expands upon this, as well as her own background which led her to her current pathway and her views about gifted education in Australia.
Modern therapy for vasomotor symptoms of climacteric syndrome
Authors: Khashukoeva A. Z. , Dmitrashko T. Y. , Nosova L. A. , Markova E. A. , Overko A. V.
Published: October 2022

As a result of the age-related decline in reproductive function, during the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods female patients experience an estrogen deficiency state. Due to this state, symptoms of estrogen deficiency, which are combined into the concept of “climacteric syndrome”, begin to manifest. Climacteric syndrome is a complex of vegetative-vascular, mental, and metabolic-endocrine disorders that develop in women not only due to decrease in estrogen synthesis, but also the general ageing of the body. Clinical manifestations of the climacteric syndrome have a certain priority of development. With a decrease of the hormonal function of the ovaries, vasomotor disorders step forward. They represent all forms of autonomic regulation disorders, such as hot flashes, arterial pressure and pulse liability, respiratory disorders, hyperhydrosis, chills, and many others. In this article, the greatest emphasis is placed on the issue of vasomotor disorders, in particular hot flashes, in women of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Attention is paid to the medical and social component of the issue discussed. Given the fact that today the life expectancy of people, including women, is significantly increasing in the developed countries, a large number of females are faced with the issue of menopausal syndrome. The clinical manifestations of menopause not only have an extremely negative impact on the women’s quality of life, but also lay the groundwork for the development of more severe somatic disorders. The article also considers in detail the frequency of hot flashes, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of their development. The “gold standard” for the treatment of patients suffering from vasomotor disorders is particularly detailed. Today, the menopausal hormone therapy is recognized as the most effective therapeutic approach, which, subject to a personalized approach to patients and the absence of contraindications to its prescription, demonstrates high protective capabilities.
Complex therapy of recurrent urinary infections
Authors: Ermakova E. I.
Published: October 2022

Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) occur in 10-15 % of women of reproductive age and in 20 % of menopausal women and have an extremely negative impact on quality of life. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for about 40 % of all hospital-acquired infections and 50% of bacterial infections resulting in long-term hospitalisation. In Russia, 26-36 million cases of acute cystitis are reported each year. Because of its high prevalence, UTI is an economic problem. Clinically, UTI is more often manifested as acute urethritis or cystitis. Antibiotic therapy is a fundamental treatment for RUTI, but has a number of negative consequences. Antimicrobial resistance is an enormous challenge and a serious threat to global health, prompting the search for alternative strategies. Natural antimicrobial peptides have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians for their broad therapeutic potential against bacteria, viruses and resistant intracellular bacterial communities (biofilms). This review details the etiology, classification, diagnosis and therapy of RUTI. Global data revealing the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides is presented. Commercially available peptide-based antimicrobials and their efficacy based on clinical trials are discussed. The development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections, in particular the use of drugs based on antimicrobial peptides and their derivatives, has been shown to be of great practical importance in terms of combating multidrug-resistant pathogens and increasing the effectiveness of treatment of recurrent infections.
An innovative approach in the treatment of nodular adenomyosis
Authors: Apresyan S. V. , Markarov A. E. , Dobrokhotova Ju. E. , Khlynova S. A. , Dimitrova V. I. , Papoyan S. A. , Slyusareva O. A. , Apresyan S. S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The necessity to improve methods of adenomyosis treatment is determined not only by its high prevalence, which reaches 40 % among women of reproductive age, but also by its association with infertility of unclear genesis. The disease significantly reduces the quality of life.   Objective. To optimize reproductive outcomes after surgical treatment of nodular adenomyosis and to prevent the disease recurrence.   Materials and Methods. A cohort prospective comparative study examined the efficacy of therapy with dienogestam after laparoscopic removal of adenomyosis nodules with temporary uterine artery occlusion and temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries. The study included 25 women who underwent organ-preserving treatment for nodular adenomyosis from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022. Inclusion criteria: age 22–45 years, mean 32 ± 4.5; organ preserving treatment for nodular adenomyosis, no contraindications to hormone therapy, informed voluntary consent of the patient to participate in the study.   Results. The use of Dientogest at a dose of 2 mg/day in a continuous regimen for 6 months after surgical treatment for nodular adenomyosis was shown to transform the intensity of pain syndrome to insignificant, the absence of recurrent disease for 24 months of follow-up.   Conclusions. The comprehensive treatment of nodular adenomyosis, which included laparoscopic removal of the nodule and the drug therapy with dienogestam, permitted the achievement of reproductive function in 40% of the patients. The choice of the treatment method for nodular adenomyosis depends primarily on the reproductive plans of the patient, the size and location of the adenomyosis nodules, and its long-term results depend on the comprehensive antiretroviral therapy.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women of reproductive age: immunological aspects of modern algorithms for examination and treatment
Authors: Dobrochotova Yu. E. , Karanasheva A. Kh.
Published: October 2022

immunological defense complex is involved: the role of complement, T-lymphocytes, NK-cells is noted. Of particular importance among immune factors is interferon-γ, which is able to limit the reproduction of Candida fungi in the early stages of infection by stimulating the immune response. This is due to the fact that interferon-γ is the strongest stimulator of effector functions of macrophages (microbicidal activity, cytokine production), increases the expression of histocompatibility molecules MHCI and MHCII, as well as adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, increasing endothelial permeability. Thus, the rate of development and severity of the pathological process depend on the state of the body’s defenses. The use of antibiotics, glucocorticoids and cytostatics, as well as radiation therapy can enhance the adhesive properties of yeast fungi. The choice of treatment for VVC should be based on the results of a comprehensive diagnosis, taking into account the form and risk factors of the disease. Local immunity impairment due to the innate quality of the vaginal epitheliocytes is currently one of the most significant risk factors for the development of VVC. This also explains the availability of sufficient drugs for etiotropic therapy, which does not affect its recurrence rate. The use of topical immunomodulators is a very promising method of overcoming the therapeutic failures in the complex treatment of genital candidiasis.
políticas de desenvolvimento profissional do docente universitário:
Authors: Trindade da Silva Selbach Paula , Luce Maria Beatriz
Published: October 2022

Este estudo objetivou compreender o processo de institucionalização das políticas de desenvolvimento profissional do docente em cinco universidades públicas do sul do Brasil, a partir dos conceitos de espaço e lugar. Mapeamos, nos portais das universidades, os espaços que se ocupam da tarefa de fomentar a formação de seus próprios docentes e realizamos entrevistas com oito gestores. Na estrutura organizacional das universidades, essas políticas estão localizadas nas pró-reitorias que tratam das questões do ensino e/ou graduação, perspectiva que foi reforçada nas entrevistas. Apenas uma instituição não tem esse espaço bem definido e reforçado em documentos institucionais. As outras já se encontram mais avançadas nesse processo constituindo-se em lugar da formação do docente. Apontamos que as ações de formação docente não devem ficar restritas apenas a uma pró-reitoria, pois a pedagogia universitária requer articulação ampla das funções universitárias.
Cultura escrita y sociedad en perspectiva histórica
Authors: Castillo Gómez Antonio , Cabral da Silva Márcia
Published: October 2022

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Editorial
Authors: de Araújo Marta Maria
Published: October 2022

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“Se eu não tivesse estudado, eu seria mais uma Madalena”
Authors: Venancio Vinícius
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar uma reflexão inicial sobre uma situação muito comum, mas pouco analisada com maior densidade na literatura das ciências sociais brasileiras: o caso de meninas-moças negras e pobres que têm a sua infância e juventude roubada para trabalhar na casa de padrinhos e madrinhas, estes frequentemente pertencentes às elites locais. Para isso, traço a história de vida de Val, que aos nove anos foi morar com a sua madrinha e, a partir dela, reflito sobre como essa estratégia de parentesco a partir do compadrio atua como uma atualização da dominação racial no período pós-abolição brasileiro.
Introduction to Nanomaterials: Interaction with Water
Authors: Banerjee Diptonil , Sharma Amit Kumar , Das Nirmalya Sankar
Published: October 2022

The first chapter helps the reader to get acquainted with the basic features of the nanomaterials. Here, the basic properties of nanomaterials, basic synthesis processes, and different applications of nanomaterials are discussed. The novel features of the material are also mentioned. How the suppression of degrees of freedom of electrons that affects the electrical, optical, and other properties, has been discussed in detail. Special emphasis has been given to the resemblance of nanosystems in mother nature, and as a result, few examples have been mentioned. As the objective of the book is to discuss the nanomaterial-induced removal of dye materials from water, thus the interaction between water and the nanomaterials plays one of the major roles. Keeping this in mind, we have discussed the concept of surface tension, surface energy, surface energy components, hydrophobicity, and lotus effect in much depth with their consequences to different particular applications. The discussion has also been done on the concept of contact angle, hysteresis, porosity, and related topic. Thus, this chapter familiarizes the reader acquainted with the basic characteristics, properties, and applications of nanomaterials and provide useful information regarding the interaction of nanomaterials with water, which is the central theme of this book.
Structures and Basic Properties of Textile Dyes and their Impact on the Environment
Authors: Banerjee Diptonil , Sharma Amit Kumar , Das Nirmalya Sankar
Published: October 2022

In today's world, the textile industry is one of the most important sectors, both economically and in everyday life. The textile industry is one of the most important commercial sectors that require a significant amount of water and chemical ingredients for several types of processing needed during the conversion of fibres to final textile products ready for sale. Textile dyes are an important topic to discuss from both a positive and negative perspective, as dyes are an unavoidable part of colouring clothes or papers, but when they end up in the environment as a waste product from the industries mentioned above, they have a significant negative impact on the environment and the water ecosystem. Thus, it becomes necessary to handle the dyes properly and develop ways and means to remove/reuse them. However, in order to do so, one must have an in-depth understanding of the structures and properties of various dyes, as well as the treatment that should be applied. Keeping this in mind, we have discussed the basics of textile dyes in this chapter. The classifications of textile dyes, as well as their chemical structures and qualities, were also covered in this chapter. The in-depth discussion on the fundamental of textile dyes may help the workers handle dyes in a controlled way to protect the environment from the associated toxicity.
Basic Structures and Properties of Few Potential Nanomaterials
Authors: Banerjee Diptonil , Sharma Amit Kumar , Das Nirmalya Sankar
Published: October 2022

After the discussion of all the preceding sections/chapters, now we are in a position to review some typical nanomaterial systems that have established themselves as materials of immense potential in the field of water purification by successfully removing different textile dyes through different processes like catalysis adsorption or others. In this chapter, we will discuss a few such particular materials from different domains. The material will mainly include metal oxide nanostructures and related derivatives like zinc oxide, etc., and also carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotube, graphene, etc., and their hybrids. A detailed discussion regarding the dye removal ability of graphitic carbon nitride is also included here. In this regard, the results of other researchers will be accompanied by a few of our own findings, which will help the reader in better understanding the topic. Apart from these wellknown materials that have higher dye removal effectiveness, a few other less studied and newly evolved systems, such as silicon nanowire and p-type conducting oxides like copper borate, have also been discussed with a few established results.
Nano Materials Induced Removal of Textile Dyes from Waste Water
Authors: Banerjee Diptonil , Sharma Amit Kumar , Das Nirmalya Sankar
Published: October 2022

Nanotechnology has progressed to the point where it can mimic natural systems such as porous membranes or the structure of leaves. Technological advances have resulted in a boom in the use of nanotechnology in different areas of engineering, including water purification systems. This book explores nanomaterials used for removing various textile dyes from water. It compiles 8 chapters that discuss the materials and nano systems used in these processes.

This reference is designed to provide answers to common questions for scholars, academicians and technologists about fundamentals of nanoscience and nanomaterial induced removal of textile dyes. College students (physics, chemistry and materials science, engineering) will be able to easily understand the subject matter.

Key Features:

Covers the basics of nano systems, from synthesis to applications

Explains the basics of nanomaterial behavior and characterization

Describes the classifications of dyes

Explains the interactions nanomaterials with different dyes

Explains the reaction mechanisms of photocatalysis and the kinetics behind adsorption two important methods for removing dyes from water

Discusses nano systems that are useful for textile dye removal from water. 3 types of nano systems are included: carbon based, oxide based, polymer based or nitride based systems

Includes references for further reading

Simple presentation for easy and quick understanding of the subject
Motivation of public service at the department of population and civil registration (Dukcapil) of Merauke Regency
Authors: Selitubun Yakobus Yosias
Published: October 2022

This study aims to analyze the motivation of public services at the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil) Merauke Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative research research. The results of this research show 1) The level of interest of officials in the Department of Population and Civil Registry of Merauke Regency in making public policies that make it easier for the community to provide services. 2) The commitment of all employees at the Department of Population and Civil Registry of Merauke Regency to the public interest is very good. But peru must be improved again. 3) Lack of sympathy or compassion for the employees at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Merauke Regency, because there are still many complaints from the community regarding difficulties and taking care of family cards and birth certificates and their complaints are not responded to by employees at the Population and Records Office Merauke Regency Civil. 4) The lack of self-sacrifice that is owned by the Merauke Regency Population and Civil Registration Service employees because there are many complaints from the community where in community service they feel dissatisfied.
Het origineel ontrouw: vertaling en de constructie van nationale cultuur in de ‘Horae Germanicae’ van Blackwood’s
Authors: De Clerck Ernest
Published: October 2022

In translation studies, the idea of the ‘original’ is often traced back to Romantic conceptions of art. This idea is congruous with the perception of the nineteenth-century British literary system as insular and self-sufficient. Yet, the etymology of the word ‘original’ reveals a profound ambivalence between being true to the origin and being new, true to nothing but itself. Similarly, in one of the Late-Romantic period’s most popular literary magazines Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, translation itself reveals an ambivalent if not paradoxical relationship to the ‘original’. While maintaining a nationalist agenda, Blackwood’s was proud to present many translations of foreign literature, most significantly German. The conservative Blackwoodians translated other cultures faithful not to aesthetic or ethical principles but to the perceived ‘national identity’ of the text’s origins. A closer look at the presentation of translations in Blackwood’s complicates not only our understanding of translation in periodicals but also of nationalist discourses in the Romantic period. It can help us to debunk persistent myths of national originality and contribute to the study of British Romanticism in a European transnational context.
Online Symptom Checkers: Recommendations for a Vignette-Based Clinical Evaluation Standard
Authors: Painter Annabelle , Hayhoe Benedict , Riboli-Sasco Eva , El-Osta Austen
Published: October 2022

The use of patient-facing online symptom checkers (OSCs) has expanded in recent years, but their accuracy, safety, and impact on patient behaviors and health care systems remain unclear. The lack of a standardized process of clinical evaluation has resulted in significant variation in approaches to OSC validation and evaluation. The aim of this paper is to characterize a set of congruent requirements for a standardized vignette-based clinical evaluation process of OSCs. Discrepancies in the findings of comparative studies to date suggest that different steps in OSC evaluation methodology can significantly influence outcomes. A standardized process with a clear specification for vignette-based clinical evaluation is urgently needed to guide developers and facilitate the objective comparison of OSCs. We propose 15 recommendation requirements for an OSC evaluation standard. A third-party evaluation process and protocols for prospective real-world evidence studies should also be prioritized to quality assure OSC assessment.
Presupposition Triggers: Iraqi EFL Students' Strategies in Approaching Presupposition
Authors: Hussien Abbas Lutfi , Mohammed Hiba Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

EFL students are observed to face various difficulties in approaching pragmatic issues; therefore, they resort to numerous strategies to arrive at convincing pragmatic interpretations, among these issues, presupposition constitutes one of the problematic areas for students. Thus, this paper aims at detecting the most common strategies taken on by Iraqi EFL university students in approaching the pragmatic interpretations of presupposition, eliciting the reasons behind presupposition failure and find out the possible solutions. Fifty Iraqi EFL students of the Department of English, College of Arts, Mustansiriyah University during the academic year 2021-2022 have been administered to a test. The paper concludes that Counterfactual Conditionals trigger ranks first since it scores the highest ratio while Implicative verbs trigger represents the lowest ratio. Most EFL students succeed to derive the suitable pragmatic interpretations of presupposition. Consequently, it can be noted that resolution strategy is preferred to the accommodation and rejection strategies.
Maximón: religión y política. Continuidad, mutaciones y cambio religioso en Centroamérica y Chiapas, 1914-2018
Authors: Isunza Bizuet Alma
Published: October 2022

En el caso de Maximón existe un pluralismo en las prácticas y los rituales; los tzutujiles han sido y son tolerantes frente a los cambios de la imagen de Maximón fuera de Santiago Atitlán. La recuperación de sus raíces y creencias impulsa en la actualidad los esfuerzos de varias organizaciones. Este libro ofrece un contexto sociohistórico de Guatemala de la época del «aparecimiento» de Maximón en Santiago Atitlán, cuna de este personaje sagrado y de las cofradías, las cuales hicieron posible la continuidad del culto hasta nuestros días. Se trata de ubicar el texto en su contexto; se exponen los ritos, el mito más antiguo y las subsecuentes variaciones a lo largo del tiempo, para finalizar con la interpretación del mito y del rito, además de señalar los cambios ocurridos en las costumbres rituales; y se aborda el contexto político de Guatemala para entender las motivaciones de los devotos tzutujiles en el culto a Maximón.
Regulatory Compliance of Small-Scale Pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ketele Wondue , Marew Tesfa , Matsabisa Motlalepula , Birhanu Gebremariam
Published: October 2022

Background: there is growing concern that medicines supplied to most of the developing countries are of substandard quality. Along with the establishment of strong regulatory systems for ensuring compliance and regulatory law enforcement, manufacturing facilities need to work to implement dependable systems at each stage of the production process to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of their products. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the level of compliance with regulatory requirements by small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Material & Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured questionnaire and checklist to assess the level of compliance of small-scale local pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities to regulatory requirements and also to identify the challenges faced by the manufacturing facilities.

Result: This study indicated that the overall implementation status of regulatory requirements in the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing companies is far below the minimum standard set by WHO and the national regulatory authority. Basic on specific regulatory requirement elements compliance: requirements related to QA were 26.9, requirements related to personnel qualification were 38.1, requirements related to Quality control were 25.9, and requirements related to sanitation and hygiene were 15.3. Of the total regulatory requirements, only 26.1% were found to be implemented. Major challenges faced by the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry for the implementation of regulatory requirements were: human resource capacity constraints, limited investment, limited support from Governments and other stakeholders, and poor infrastructure.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that level of regulatory requirements implementation in the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturers is far below the minimum standard set by the national regulatory authority. Important gaps were reported particularly in materials management, production operations, quality control, and sanitation and hygiene.
Agreements for the financial or material support of a non-commercial clinical trial in Germany
Authors: Ahmed Raees , Möller Theresa , Siegert Matthias
Published: October 2022

The following article outlines the essential clauses within agreements about the funding of German Universities or German clinical trial sites in order for them to conduct a non-commercial clinical trial on their own, a so-called Investigator-Initiated-Trials or Investigator-Sponsored-Trials. The authors explain the basic legal principles and clauses for such an agreement and clarify certain German Law specialities, which any funder should be aware of, if they were to fund an Investigator-Initiated-Trial in Germany. It becomes clear, that it is very important for the funding pharmaceutical company or foundation, not to be confused with the regulatory sponsor of the given clinical trial. Unclear wording in the funding agreement could lead to the actual transfer of a sponsor’s responsibilities from the University or clinical trial site to the funding pharmaceutical company or foundation, with all legal and monetary risks. In order to avoid unwanted penalties and costs, it is imperative for the funding entity to draft the essential clauses carefully. This article aims to help with that.
Product Life Cycle Management in Europe: A Review
Authors: Chakraborty Krishnasis , V D Ravichandra
Published: October 2022

This review article helps to study the practical aspects of different phases of life cycle of pharmaceutical products including sterile and non-sterile dosage forms in regulated market of Europe, to study the European standards and their requirements for new registration of injectable drugs, to study the product life cycle start from the product identification by market surveying and till its withdrawal or renewal in the Europe market, the data may contain official information to be taken from the EMEA guidelines, prepare, compile and submit the regulatory data according to the eCTD format to the regulatory agencies of Europe as critical phase of life cycle. The pharmaceutical industry is today conceivably the most highly regulated of all industries demanding a high level of information to be submitted to governments before a pharmaceutical product is brought to the marketplace. Each country holds different regulatory department. In this scenario, the product life cycle management in regulated market of Europe sustains a significant value. (1-2)
Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the predisposition of cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A Note
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nandini , Sarkar Susmita , Giri Biplab
Published: October 2022

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) or Endocrine Disruptors are unique assemblage or cluster of emerging pollutants as they affect the synthesis, release and transport of hormones. EDCs have been associated with a diverse array of health issues and diseases. EDCs can alter the endocrine system and are involved in carcinogenesis and inducing poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this article is to furnish an outline of research on environmental aspects of EDCs and their effects on human health specially on cancer and PCOS based on evidence from animal and human studies. EDCs include natural compounds such as phytoestrogens and various synthetic chemicals which are utilized by the chemical, agriculture, cosmetic and food industries. Several EDCs may work as carcinogens and causes initiation and advancement of cancer. Uterine and ovarian cancers of female have been associated with exposure to EDC. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an EDC which is found in plastic bottles, household materials, canned food, waste water, beverage containers and thermal paper, can increase risk of breast cancer. Even low levels of BPA exposure may poses threat of prostate cancer in men. Testicular cancer and thyroid cancer could be influenced by EDCs. Comprehensive studies have been conducted by many researchers in the light of toxicity pattern of EDC that render interpretation of impact of EDCs on development of cancer and PCOS inducing capacity in female reproductive system.

Keywords: Endocrine disrupting chemicals; EDC; Cancer; Endocrine Disruptor, Poly-Cystic Ovary Syndrome; PCOS
The Microbial Quality of Herbal Products
Authors: Anie Oliseloke Clement , Egbon Olukayode Temitope , Enemchukwu Chizoba Mercy , Adushoke Eguonor Loveth
Published: October 2022

Background: Consumption of herbal products has increased dramatically during the last few decades. Although there have been allegations that herbal products are made in unsanitary conditions resulting in microbial contamination and health hazards consumed by patients.

Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the microbial quality of commonly sold herbal products in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.

Methods: A total of seven (7) liquid herbal products (AB, GW, EC, IM, DR, GC and BM) were randomly purchased from local herbal shops and pharmacy shops in Abraka. Samples were aseptically measured out around the zones of a  Bunsen fame and the total viable bacteria and fungi counts of samples were determined using serial dilution and spread plate method.

Results: The total bacterial count in the herbal products ranged from 1.8 x 106 to 7.5 x 106. Proteus spp had the highest frequency of occurrence with a percentage of 50% while Staphylococcus spp. occurred the least with a percentage of 10% while Candida spp. had the highest percentage occurrence for fungi isolates and Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus occurs less with percentage occurrence of 10 and 20% respectively. The study also revealed that Tarivid, Streptomycin and Gentamycin were susceptible to all bacterial isolated from the herbal products with average zone of inhibition of 18.25±1.39, 19.75±3.39 and 23.13±2.0.8 respectively.

Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that herbal products sold in Abrakawere contaminated with microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and thus, these herbal products can serve as a means of spreading infections among the consumers.

Keywords: Herbal, microorganism, bacteria, Abraka.