bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fate of nitrogen in deep magma oceans
Authors: Mallick Ekanshu , Prissel Kelsey , Righter Kevin , Jackson Colin
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen is important in planetary evolution because it is essential to life and the most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere. Here, we investigate how core formation affects the distribution of N within accreting terrestrial planets. We conducted laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments (LH-DAC) over a wide range of high pressure-temperature-compositional (PTX) conditions (38-103 GPa, 2728-5609 K, -1.95 to -1.03 ∆IW, 0.5-3.7 NBO/T) to study nitrogen partitioning in metal-silicate systems. Combining our data with existing low and high PT results, we developed a nitrogen partitioning model applicable from early accretion to extreme PT stages associated with giant impacts. We test the robustness of our model by accurately predicting nitrogen partitioning in a multi-anvil experiment conducted independently at 15 GPa, 2573 K with oxygen fugacity of -2.5 ∆IW. Our model shows that increasing pressure, oxygen fugacity, and N concentration in the alloy make nitrogen more siderophile, while increasing temperature, oxygen and silicon contents in the alloy, and the SiO2 content of the silicate melt make nitrogen less siderophile. Application of our model to core formation conditions under oxidized and reduced scenarios suggest that nitrogen can be siderophile or lithophile under low PT conditions but exhibits a neutral partitioning at high PT conditions (> 100 GPa, 5000 K) over a wide range of bulk planet compositions. Using our model, along with partitioning models for S and C, we examine how core formation scenarios can fractionate C/N and S/N ratios in the BSE. Our model suggests that backreaction of volatile rich cores from reduced, smaller impactors (sub-Mars-sized) within deep magma oceans can impart a wide range of C/N and S/N ratios on the magma ocean. We find that the amount of silicate entrainment has a strong control on elemental fractionations imparted to the magma oceans. Elevated C/N and S/N ratios are associated with larger degrees of silicate entrainment, and vice versa. Thus, Earth’s apparent depletion of N may relate to its volatiles being reprocessed within deep magma oceans, possibly during the end stages of accretion.
Navigating Complexity: How Resource-Limited Agents Derive Probability and Generate Emergence
Authors: Ruffini Giulio
Published: September 2024

In the Kolmogorov Theory of consciousness (KT), an algorithmic agent is an information-processing system that compresses sensory data into simpler representations to plan actions that optimize its objective function. Algorithmic agents operate under limited data access, finite computational resources, and fundamental limits from the algorithmic information theory (AIT). In this paper, we demonstrate how these limitations naturally give rise to the principles of probability, Bayesian inference, and the concept of emergence within this framework.Using a toy example of an agent compressing data from a large library, we demonstrate how limitations in data access naturally lead to a multi-model strategy, where probabilistic reasoning and Occam's razor emerge as the agent navigates between different models. This process is naturally extended by allowing it to accommodate objective functions beyond compression. Next, we propose a formal definition of emergence from the notions of coarse-graining and Kolmogorov complexity. Due to its limited resources, the agent must employ coarse-graining to transform data that initially appears incompressible into a compressible, aggregate form while retaining a non-trivial structure. The agent must find patterns and operate at some coarse-graining level to ensure survival. Coarse-graining may include various forms of data reorganization, such as spatiotemporal averaging, compressive sensing, and dimensionality reduction techniques.We discuss the connections to other theoretical approaches, such as Jaynes' robot, the Free Energy Principle, and Active Inference. By addressing how an ideal agent copes with the inherent limitations of data access and computational capacity, we provide a unified framework for understanding both probabilistic reasoning and emergence in algorithmic agents.
A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory control processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Adrianna , Kowalski Joachim , Moritz Steffen , Stefaniak Izabela , Gawęda Łukasz
Published: September 2024

Background: Cognitive models emphasise that source monitoring, top-downprocesses, and inhibitory control are mechanisms of perceptual anomalies, particularlyauditory hallucinations (AHs) and hallucinatory-like experiences (HLEs). Nonetheless,limited research integrates clinical and non-clinical perceptual anomalies to examinethese cognitive mechanisms and the connections between them. The present studyaimed to investigate the role of three cognitive processes within the perceptualanomalies continuum. Moreover, the study examines the relationship betweenperceptual anomalies, cognitive processes, self-disturbances, and general functioning.Methods: Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) weredivided into two groups based on AHs presence - 46 with AHs and 43 - nonhallucinating, 43 matched healthy controls (HC), and a sample selected from thegeneral population of 40 participants with high HLEs and 43 with low HLEs performedthree experimental tasks assessing top-down processes (False Perception Task -FPT), source monitoring (Action Memory Task - AMT), and inhibitory control (Go/NoGo Task). Results: Both patient groups committed significantly more source monitoring errors andmore false perceptions (after accounting for response bias) than HC, with nodifferences between SSD with AH vs SSD without current AH and high HLEs vs lowHLEs. No significant group differences were found for false alarms in the Go/No-GoTask. However, there was a significant relationship between perceptual anomalies andall the cognitive processes as well as self-disturbances and functioning in the entiresample. Conclusions: This study sheds further light on the mechanisms and correlates ofperceptual anomalies in clinical and non-clinical populations.
Pathways, predictors and paradoxes of illbeing and wellbeing Insights from a UK Biobank Study
Authors: Gordon Tom C. , Kemp Andrew Haddon , Edwards Darren J.
Published: September 2024

Wellbeing and illbeing are influenced by a variety of biopsychosocial factors, yet prior research has neglected a focus on pathways and potential for non-linearity. Here we aimed to: (1) identify predictors and pathways to wellbeing and illbeing; (2) clarify the specific functional forms of their association; and (3) integrate these findings to develop a more nuanced understanding of the pathways leading to wellbeing and illbeing. PLS-SEM and Bayesian regression were used to analyse associations among heart rate variability (HRV), meaning oriented behaviour (MOB), resilience, social connectedness, and adversity in relation to wellbeing and illbeing using data from the UK Biobank (n=8,047). HRV directly enhanced wellbeing and also mediated these effects through MOB, which subsequently amplified resilience and social connectedness, indirectly increasing wellbeing as well as reducing illbeing. Social connectedness was also found to positively moderate the relationship between MOB and wellbeing (as well as illbeing). Findings identified HRV and MOB as key upstream determinants of mental health, while non-linear modelling was found to be essential for better understanding the pathways to and relationships between wellbeing and illbeing.
The role of implicit attachment anxiety in implicit emotion regulation
Authors: Uebuchi Hisashi , Fukushima Kentaro
Published: September 2024

The internal working model (IWM) of attachment is implicit and unconscious in nature. Nevertheless, the relationship between the anxiety induced by an individuals’ IWM and their implicit emotion regulation remains unclear. In this study, the IWM was measured by a Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT). All 20 participants evaluated a transitional object (picture of a teddy bear) as a measure of implicit emotion regulation. Results showed that 1) the group with increased IWM-induced anxiety evaluated the monetary value of the picture as higher; 2) the group presented with pictures implicitly evaluated the teddy bear picture higher than those not presented pictures; and 3) the interaction of IWM-induced attachment anxiety with the implicitly presented pictures was not significant. Therefore, this study showed that people with increased IWM-induced anxiety might use transitional object transference to help them regulate their anxiety, given their lack of confidence in their abilities.
Uneven Shifts: The Geography of Occupational Change in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom 1992 – 2018
Authors: Morris Katy , Oesch Daniel
Published: September 2024

Amid renewed interest in geographical inequalities in life chances and an ongoing debate about occupational upgrading versus polarisation, we investigate how the occupational structure changed across NUTS-2 regions in France, Italy, Spain and the UK between 1992 and 2018. Against the expectation that national upgrading trends may mask a diversity of regional upgrading, downgrading and polarisation experiences, EU Labour Force Survey data show clear and unambiguous upgrading. In every region, employment in high quality jobs grew while employment in low quality jobs shrank. These shifts were often large in magnitude: the proportion of employment in high quality jobs increased by more than 10 percentage points in two thirds of the regions studied. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the rate and type of occupational upgrading. Strong upgrading and employment growth in the economic capital regions of Île-de-France (Paris), Lombardy, Madrid and London contrasted with weaker upgrading and sluggish (or even negative) employment growth in regions like Lorraine, Sicily, Extremadura and the West Midlands. That these and many regions have yet to achieve the same proportion of high quality jobs that the economic capitals possessed in 1992 highlights the greater relative difficulty of ascending to the top of the occupational structure in some places than others.
The beginning of time
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: September 2024

The present analysis focuses on the material component of time, the devices used for measuring and counting it. The biological basis for subjective, experiential time is first reviewed, as are early strategies found cross-culturally for objectively measuring and counting time. These strategies include timekeeping by natural phenomena, using tallies to keep track of small periods of time, harnessing shadows for daily and annual time, and visualizing time with clocks and calendars. The conclusion then examines how such timekeeping devices might influence the conceptualization of time.
Towards a holistic understanding of evidence: A working paper
Authors: Kucirkova Natalia Ingebretsen , Dockterman David
Published: September 2024

This report synthesizes reflections and recent literature to propose a rethinking of evidence generation in educational technology (EdTech). It advocates for three paradigm shifts to advance the discourse and practice in EdTech impact: 1) Evidence of impact should be understood as multidimensional, encompassing a variety of measures, not only experimental evidence. 2) Evidence collection should support an iterative and ongoing process of evaluating and improving impact over time. 3) Rigorous approaches are essential throughout the entire cycle of evidence to ensure validity and reliability. Recognizing that stakeholders in the EdTech ecosystem have diverse incentives and metrics for success, the report argues that aligning these efforts toward a shared goal of improving educational equity can accelerate the production of sharable knowledge and foster wider, more meaningful impacts.
الارتجال الاستراتيجي وتأثيره في تحقيق النجاح التنظيمي دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من القيادات الإدارية في هيئة السياحة العراقية
Authors: سحر جبار كيلان
Published: September 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى بيان تأثير الارتجال الاستراتيجي في النجاح التنظيمي على مستوى هيئة السياحة ، ومن اجل تحقيق ذلك قيس متغير الارتجال الاستراتيجي بثلاثة ابعاد فرعية هي (الحدس ، الابتكار ، والعفوية) في حين قيس النجاح التنظيمي ببعدين هما (الكفاءة ، والفاعلية) ، وقد انطلق البحث بمشكلة رئيسية تضمنت عدة تساؤلات تدور حول طبيعة العلاقة بين متغيراتها ميدانياً وكان أهمها (هل هناك تأثير للارتجال الاستراتيجي في تحقيق النجاح التنظيمي لهيئة السياحة). واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسية في جمع البيانات والمعلومات. جمعت البيانات من (35) مستجيبا يمثلون عينة الدراسة القيادات الادارية في هيئة السياحة باعتماد استمارة استبانة  والتي تضمنت (20) فقرة . ولغرض تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها احصائياً اعتمد البحث على مجموعة من الاساليب الاحصائية وتم استخدام برنامج (SPssv.29). وقد تم التوصل الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات اهمها ان مفهوم الارتجال ينظر اليه كنموذج جديد للتعلم السريع والتكيف والتجديد الاستراتيجي. وقد بينت نتائج الدراسة الى وجود تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية للارتجال الاستراتيجي في النجاح التنظيمي. وقد تم التوصل الى مجموعة من التوصيات ابرزها ان على هيئة السياحة توظيف ابعاد الارتجال الاستراتيجي ب(الحدس . الابتكار , والعفوية ) في أنشطتها وقراراتها كافة من اجل تحقيق النجاح التنظيمي.
Effect of early shearing during gestation on the performance of the progenie
Authors: López Mazz Carlos Rafael , Banchero Georgget , Quintans Graciela
Published: September 2024

Research has shown the interesting contributions of shearing during mid or late gestation on the performance of lambs from birth to weaning. However, there is no information on the effects of shearing in the first third of pregnancy, on the well-being and productivity of the offspring in adult life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether shearing during the first third of gestation, in a critical time window for the development of the placenta and the fetus, can influence the live weight at parturition, weaning and the survival of the lambs. Additionally, it was studied whether shearing in the first third of gestation is capable of programming metabolic and physiological modifications in the fetus that affect the growth, health and reproductive performance in the adult life of the offspring. Shearing in the first third of gestation significantly increased birth weight of single lambs (P = 0.004) and twins (P = 0.05). The higher weaning weight (P < 0.0001) was related to the higher daily live weight gain (P ˂ 0.0001) in birth-weaning period. The extension of the gestation period (P < 0.0001) explained only 56% and 87% (single and twins) of the increase in total live weight at lambing. Twin lambs from prepartum shorn ewes attempted (P = 0.004) and succeeded in suckling earlier (P = 0.0004) than control lambs. The greater vigor at lambing, together with the greater weight at weaning, may explain the higher (P = 0.04) survival rate. Early prepartum shearing did not affect live weight of ewe lambs from weaning to 18 months old. However, the gastrointestinal parasite egg counts per gram of fecal matter (P = 0.07), as well as the Famacha index (P = 0.02) were significantly lower than in controls. Prepartum shearing affected live weight of male lambs (P = 0.02), although there were no differences in the response to the parasitic challenge. Prepartum shearing did not affect any of the reproductive variables studied in ewes and male lambs. The results of this thesis show that shearing in the first third of gestation is a technique capable of affecting the productive performance of the offspring in the short and long term.
First Aid Overview of Primary School Teachers to Students with Epistaxis
Authors: Firjatullah Yusuf Muhammad , Mulyadi Arif , Bermudez Roy Fabrigas
Published: September 2024

Epistaxis often occurs in elementary school aged children. Teachers are the people closest to students and are the first aid to children who experience epistaxis at school. This research aims to identify the ability of MI Manba ul' Ulum Tulungagaung teachers in providing first aid treatment for students with epistaxis. This research used a quantitative descriptive method with a population of all teachers who teach at MI Manba 'Ul 'Ulum Tulungagaung as many as 36 teachers, all of whom are samples in this research using analytical techniques. The results of
this study indicate that more than half of the teachers at MI Manba 'Ul 'Ulum Tulungagung's epistasis first aid abilities (52.8%) are sufficient and less than half (25%) are less than half (22.2%) have sufficient abilities. good abilities. Therefore,teachers with sufficient and inadequate skills regarding first aid for epistaxis should increased their knowledge and skills so that they can perform first aid for epistaxis correctly, namely collaborating with community health centers to provide education about first aid, especially epistaxis, in the UKS (School Health Unit).
Utilização de dados de satélite para elaboração de projeto geométrico preliminar de uma rodovia vicinal
Authors: Alves Sousa Mirella , Luís dos Reis Dantas Wedson , Moura Lyneker
Published: September 2024

O transporte rodoviário caracteriza-se como essencial para impulsionar o avanço da economia do país, entretanto a aquisição de dados para elaboração de projetos preliminares ainda é dispendiosa e pode ter um custo considerável, sobretudo em regiões interioranas. Sendo assim, visando no potencial de desenvolvimento apresentado pela cidade de Fortuna no estado no Maranhão e a ausência de levantamentos específicos, o presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar o projeto geométrico de um trecho da rodovia vicinal de ligação da cidade de Fortuna - MA ao povoado São José do mesmo município. A aquisição de dados topográficos para o estudo da região foi extraída de imagens SRTM, com o auxílio do software livre QGIS, e todo o projeto geométrico desenvolvido através da aplicação AutoCAD Civil 3D. Os resultados evidenciaram a viabilidade da metodologia para a realização do projeto geométrico de caráter preliminar por intermédio de ferramentas remotas, contribuindo para análise de viabilidade de projetos em locais com potencial de desenvolvimento. No entanto, vale ressaltar que foram identificadas limitações das imagens SRTM em projetos de alta precisão. A abordagem sistematizada se revela promissora nos projetos preliminares, com um forte potencial de aplicação em diversas localidades.
Vozes da ciência em artigos científicos
Authors: Leite Evandro Gonçalves , Carvalho Eduardo Gonçalves de , Teixeira Maria Eduarda Fernandes , Alves Rillary Yasmin Vieira , Morais Vitória Raisa Lima de
Published: September 2024

No presente artigo, nós estudamos a escrita acadêmica de escritores iniciantes (alunos de ensino médio de curso técnico no eixo da informática) e especialistas (doutores da área de Ciência da Computação), na perspectiva do gerenciamento das menções a vozes da ciência em artigos científicos desses dois grupos de escritores. Mais especificamente, identificamos e interpretamos, comparativamente, as formas e as funções de menção nesses trabalhos, a partir das classificações de Swales (1990) e de Boch e Grossmann (2002). Como material de análise, selecionamos dez artigos científicos de iniciantes e dez de especialistas, relacionados à área de Ciência da Computação, publicados em anais de eventos e periódicos científicos. Esses dados são analisados comparativamente, mediante a interpretação dos usos e a contabilização da frequência de ocorrências de formas e funções nos dois grupos de artigos. Os resultados apontam que os artigos científicos de especialistas fazem menção à literatura prévia quase duas vezes mais do que os de iniciantes. Em ambos os grupos, há as seguintes características dessas menções: maior ocorrência da não integralidade, uso mais frequente das funções de fundamentar uma afirmação e referir-se a trabalhos anteriores, assim como a predominância da modalidade de reformulação. Como conclusão, observamos que os especialistas reconhecem mais a importância da referência à literatura especializada, mas os iniciantes já utilizam as formas e funções mais empregadas por aqueles.
Análise de desempenho do uso de tecnologia eletrolítica no tratamento de efluentes domésticos:
Authors: Avelino de Queiroz Ana Quézia , Da Silva Aguiar Maciel Gabriele , De Lima Melo Bernardo , Barbosa Alves Larissa , Fontes Cavalcante Reinaldo
Published: September 2024

A necessidade de minimização dos impactos ambientais causados pelo lançamento de efluentes sem tratamento em uma região imprópria se caracteriza como um dos principais desafios ambientais no século XXI. Neste cenário, é preciso desenvolver e aperfeiçoar novas tecnologias que possibilitem a diminuição do poder poluente, agregado a um baixo custo. A Eletrocoagulação (EC) pode ser utilizada como um meio de tratamento de efluentes domésticos, já que possuem a capacidade de degradar, seja parcialmente ou totalmente, as moléculas que não podem ser degradadas de forma natural, por obter a capacidade de eliminar vários poluentes, incluindo patógenos, compostos orgânicos e metais pesados. Diante disso, este trabalho possui o objetivo de realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica, analisando o método de tecnologia eletrolítica, por meio de artigos científicos com a temática. Como resultado, foi possível compreender que a tecnologia da eletrocoagulação possui um desempenho positivo, podendo ser utilizada nos processos das águas residuais sem causar impactos no meio ambiente devido à falta de adição dos coagulantes químicos.
Potencial da tecnologia eletrolítica para o tratamento de águas de lavagem de filtro
Authors: Da Silva Aguiar Maciel Gabriele , Avelino de Queiroz Ana Quézia , Fontes Cavalcante Reinaldo , Maia Maciel Nidson , De Lima Melo Bernardo
Published: September 2024

Nos últimos 100 anos, houve um grande crescimento no uso mundial dos recursos hídricos, o que desencadeará até 2030 uma intensa escassez hídrica. Nesse sentido, é possível observar a importância da busca por soluções para essa problemática por meio do estudo do Potencial da tecnologia eletrolítica para o tratamento de águas de lavagem de filtro e seu reuso, para que, por meio desse estudo se tenha um maior entendimento do manuseio dos recursos hídricos, seu gerenciamento e o incentivo por alternativas que possam amenizem essa questão. Diante disso, a utilização da eletrocoagulação como um tratamento em potencial de efluentes se apresenta como uma ferramenta útil, de fácil manuseio e eficaz. O presente trabalho seguiu os moldes de uma revisão bibliográfica, realizando pesquisas e buscas por trabalhos científicos na plataforma Google Acadêmico e Sciencedirect, deu-se preferência a trabalhos práticos, descritivos e com resultados recentes que demonstrassem o avanço do potencial da tecnologia eletrolítica para o tratamento de águas de lavagem de filtro. Tomando por base as discussões levantadas neste trabalho, é possível observar o potencial da eletrocoagulação para o tratamento de água de lavagem de filtro das Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA), tornando possível sua reutilização dentro da própria ETA ou em atividades externas, como a fertirrigação, considerando os níveis alcançados de remoção de Turbidez e coliformes termotolerantes.
Antibacterial effect of yerba-mate leaves and twigs aqueous extract on pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Sant'Anna Voltaire , Bernardo Karin Buss Dias , Richter Marc François
Published: September 2024

Antibacterial activity of yerba-mate (YM) and its industrial residue lacks deeper exploring. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and polyphenolic content from YM leaves and twigs extracted for different periods. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were tested against aqueous extract from YM leaves and twigs and mode of action was evaluated by microscopy. Results showed that the aqueous extract of twigs inhibited both Staphylococcus species when extraction happened for 18h. The leaf extract showed inhibition against S. aureus. L. monocytogenes and E. coli were not inhibited. Extraction performed for 10 minutes did not yield antibacterial activity. No significant difference was observed in the concentration of total polyphenols or condensed tannins in the three evaluated extracts. Microscopy showed changes in the morphology of the S. aureus bacterial cell. YM and its byproduct is a promising source of functional compounds.
Conducting a Focus Group Discussion in Qualitative Research
Authors: Bachtiar Nia Kurniati , Fariz Muhammad , Arif Mohammad Sholikhan
Published: September 2024

This article aims to explain the focus group discussion, or focus group interview, method in qualitative research. This method is commonly used in many fields, such as organizational studies, health and medicine, and politics. Particularly, this paper elaborates on the characteristics of focus group discussions, outlines their stages, and shares tips and tricks for conducting them. The journal article serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers looking to integrate focus group discussions into their methodology. It offers practical advice on the preparation, execution, and analysis stages of FGDs, thereby enhancing data quality and overall research effectiveness.
Evaluation of the Influence of the Dispersion and Diffraction Properties of the Ionosphere on the Bandwidth of the Trans-Ionospheric Channel
Authors: Pashintsev V. P. , Peskov M. V. , Mikhailov D. A. , Kiselyov N. V.
Published: September 2024

Theoretical substantiation and development of a hardware and software complex for estimating the band of dispersion distortion and the coherence band of fading in a satellite (trans-ionospheric) radio channel based on the results of GPS monitoring of the ionosphere. The basis for solving this problem is the development of a structural-physical model of the radio channel, which allows simultaneously taking into account the phase dispersion and its diffraction in small-scale inhomogeneities of the ionosphere. Analytical dependences of the band of dispersion distortions and coherence of frequency-selective fading on the average value and small-scale fluctuations of the total electron content of the ionosphere are obtained. It is shown that under conditions of ionospheric disturbances, the coherence band of fading can be much smaller than the dispersion band. In accordance with the obtained dependencies, a structure for constructing a hardware and software complex for estimating the dispersion and coherence bands of a satellite radio channel based on the improvement of the GPS-monitoring method of the total electronic content of the ionosphere with small-scale inhomogeneities has been developed
Soil Formation on Loamy Deposits in Technogenic Landscapes of the Taiga Zone in the North-Eastern Part of European Russia
Authors: Likhanova I. A. , Kuznetsova E. G. , Kholopov Yu. V. , Deneva S. V. , Lapteva E. M.
Published: September 2024

The paper highlights the influence of moisture on the soil formation process on loamy deposits during the primary vegetation succession. The study was carried out in the north-eastern part of European Russia (Komi Republic) in the middle taiga subzone. The authors analyzed young soils on the territory of a quarry for extraction of loamy grounds and background soils in the vicinity of it. Planting the Siberian spruce cultures on the territory of the quarry activated formation of the tree layer and thereby accelerated formation of the zonal type soils. The third succession decade in drained conditions saw formation of organic soil horizons (litters), a decrease in soil density in the upper profile part, a tendency to redistribute and differentiate the silty fraction by one-and-a-half oxides, indicating the beginning of selective podzolization. The rise in soil moisture content increased conservation of organic residues (peat formation) and made gley formation active. The quarry soils, like background soils, increased in acidity, carbon and nitrogen reserves along with the soil moisture content increase. In automorphic soil formation conditions, the rate of organic carbon accumulation in the upper 0–20-cm layer is 0.4 t· ha–1·year1; the excessive soil moisture content further increased it (1.0–1.2 t·ha–1·year1). The reserves of Corg in the upper 20-cm soil layer of young soils are by 2–4 times less than those in background soils.
Assessment of Enzymatic Activity of Haplic Chernozem Soils Contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl
Authors: Minnikova T. V. , Kolesnikov S. I. , Evstegneeva N. A. , Timoshenko A. N. , Tsepina N. I. , Kazeev K. Sh.
Published: September 2024

Enzymatic activity of soils is the most important diagnostic indicator of the ecological state of soils under various types of anthropogenic impact. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of common chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) under Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl contamination. 10 enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, ferrireductase, protease, phosphatase, invertase and urease) were analyzed. According to the degree of inhibition of enzymes, heavy metals form the following sequence: Tl Ag Bi Te. With an increase in the concentration of heavy metals, the toxic effect on the activity of enzymes increases. The oxidoreductases showed greater sensitivity to Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl contamination than hydrolases. Among oxidoreductases, the highest sensitivity was found for ferrireductase, and the lowest for ascorbate oxidase. According to the activity of enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase is the most sensitive, and urease is the least sensitive. When contaminated with Ag, Bi, and Te, invertase has the highest informative value, and when contaminated with Tl, urease and polyphenol oxidase are the most informative. Among the enzymes of the oxidoreductase class, the highest informativeness was found in peroxidase, and the lowest in ascorbate oxidase. Among the enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase is the most sensitive, and phosphatase is the least sensitive. The results of the study can be used to assess the ecological state of soils contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te and Tl.
Carbon Accumulation in Peat Soils of Floodplain Mires of the North-East of the Middle-Russian Upland
Authors: Volkova E. M. , Leonova O. A. , Golovchenko A. V.
Published: September 2024

The study of the structure of peat deposits of the Bolsheberezovskoye and Podkosmovo inundated mires which were formed during the Atlantic – subboreal periods of the Holocene in the valley of the Nepryadva River, in the north-eastern part of the Middle-Russian Upland. The results of the botanical composition of peat deposits showed that the genesis of mires is represented by eutrophic paleocenoses, which accumulated carbon at a rate of 21.8-95 g/m2 per year. The formed eutrophic peat was characterized by a high degree of decomposition (45-55%) and a low rate of vertical growth (on average, 0.3-0.6 mm/year), which is due to the seasonal dynamics of the level of occurrence of mire waters. The carbon content in peat by peat deposit profiles is 14% for the Podkosmovo mire and 31% for the Bolsheberezovskoye mire. The differences are due to the peculiarities of the water-mineral nutrition of the mires, which is manifested in the high content of carbonates and ash content of the Podkosmovo mire. Carbon reserves in peat soils of inundated mires vary from 51.5 up to 125 kg/m2 for horizons with a capacity of 10 cm. This indicator is determined by the intensity of decomposition of plant residues, which depends on the composition and structure of microbial complexes. On the Bolsheberezovskoye mire the microbial complex is dominated by the fungal component, on the Podkosmovo mire – by the bacterial component. This is the reason for the differences in the microbial biomass of the mires: 222 g/ m2 for the Podkosmovo, 898 g/m2 for the Bolsheberezovskoye mire. The reason for the differences in inundated mires is the range of variation in the level of mire waters during the growing season, due to the reclamation measures carried out in the Bolsheberezovskoye mire. Nevertheless, inundated mires are important “depots” of atmospheric carbon and the intensity of its accumulation is determined by a complex of factors.
Exploring in the Ancient Urban Center of Samatata: Initial Documentation of Archaeological Discoveries in the Lalmai Hill Range, Cumilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Badal Bakhtiar Uddin , Khatun Sumaia
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to investigate the Lalmai Hill range in Cumilla, Bangladesh, which was the capital center of ancient Samatata, to uncover new archaeological sites. Over the years a total of 50 archaeological sites have been identified on the hills' flat tops and slopes through multiple phases of exploration conducted by the Archaeological Survey of India's Eastern Circle, the Department of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan, and the Department of Archaeology under the cultural ministry of the Bangladesh Government. The archaeological sites discovered provide a captivating glimpse into the 7th to 8th century AD. This era is characterized by significant cultural and societal transformations, making it a compelling and pivotal period to explore. While most of these sites were discovered in the northern and middle parts of the Hill range, this study specifically focused on the southern part. Through several field surveys, a new archaeological site was discovered in the south zone of the Hill range. The findings revealed ancient bricks, wall structures, and potshards, indicating the presence of past human activities at the site. These findings provide insights into the historical and cultural significance of the region. Further exploration and excavation of this site and other potential areas within the Lalmai Hill range are warranted to enrich our understanding of the past culture and unearth other hidden treasures
West Sumatra Governor's Crisis Communication in The Air Bangis Agrarian Conflict
Authors: Arif Adzkia , Arif Ernita , Asmawi Asmawi
Published: September 2024

Land conversion often causes friction between the government and the community, which leads to conflict. West Pasaman is one of the districts in West Sumatra Province with the highest cases of agrarian conflict in West Sumatra. Data from the Padang City Legal Aid Institute shows that there are 25 cases of agrarian conflict in West Pasaman Regency, one of which occurred in Jorog Pigogah Patibubur. This research focuses on government crisis communication in dealing with conflict. Using the Two Ways Symmetrical Communication model, this research will analyze how the government-society narratives differ regarding the PSN Air Bangis proposal, the process of forming the narrative, and the communication strategy of the Governor of West Sumatra in managing the crisis. This research uses qualitative methods to analyze the management of narratives and conflicts between the Governor of West Sumatra, Mahyeldi Ansharullah and the Air Bangis community regarding the change in the status of forest areas that were originally cultivated by the community, to become production forest areas managed by the state. To obtain data, this research used interview and document study methods. Research shows that the crisis cannot be handled optimally because the crisis communication strategies used by the government have not been successful in managing the conflict.
How Well Are We Protecting Human Research Subjects?
Authors: Tsan Min Fu
Published: September 2024

Protecting human research subjects is an ethical mandate for all contemporary research involving human subjects. From 1974 to 1999, we had the institutional review board (IRB) system and the Common Rule, but realized that in addition to IRBs, investigators, institutions, sponsors of research, research participants, and the government, all share responsibilities in protecting human research subjects. Starting 2000, institutions established human research protection programs to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants and to meet human research ethical and regulatory requirements. Some institutions had their human research protection programs further accredited to ensure rigorous standards for quality and protection. In 2018, the Common Rule was extensively revised to modernize the regulations by enhancing protections and reducing burden for researchers. However, throughout these periods, we did not know how well we were protecting human research subjects, because we did not know how to measure human research subject protections. With the publication of human research subject protections performance metrics in 2023, it becomes possible for the first time to assess quantitatively how well we are protecting human research subjects. Research institutions can now monitor the effectiveness of their human research protection programs and identify areas of vulnerability for quality improvement. We should also be able to determine how well human research protection programs are doing in protecting human research subjects; determine whether external accreditation improve human research subject protections and whether the revised Common Rule in fact lead to enhanced protections; and identify prospectively which procedures or interventions can enhance human research subject protections.
Psychometric Properties of the Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire in Different Languages: A Narrative Review
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghorbanpour Sina , Kachoosangy Reihaneh Askary ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Pashmdarfard Marzieh ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Appreciative assessment tools are necessary to implement the evaluation process in children with different disabilities. Versions of the children’s hand-use experience questionnaire (CHEQ) are available in several languages and are used in clinical environments. However, no study is conducted to compare the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in different languages. The current study aims to investigate the psychometric features of CHEQ in other languages. Methods: The search was conducted in PubMed and Science Direct. Keywords included CHEQ, hand assessments, cross-cultural validation and psychometric properties. Results: We identified 5 articles in which the psychometric properties of this questionnaire were investigated. In this paper, we reviewed all 5 articles and presented the results according to consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN). Conclusion: CHEQ is highly regarded to assess bimanual activities, particularly in children with hemiplegia. Its focus on hand usage experiences differentiates it from other tools in this domain. With demonstrated high validity and reliability, the CHEQ is adaptable across various societies and cultures, making it a valuable tool for treatment planning and evaluation.
Cross-culturally Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Constipation-related Disability Scale
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Moradi Fatemeh , Azadi Farhad ,   Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Vahedi Mohsen ,   Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Chronic functional constipation is a common condition that declines the quality of life (QoL). The constipation-related disability scale (CRDS) precisely measures the disability caused by constipation and its effect on daily activities. In this study, we translated the CRDS into Persian and evaluated its reliability and validity. Methods: We used the international QoL assessment procedure to translate the CRDS into Persian. The translation was then given to 145 patients (59 men and 86 women) with chronic functional constipation. Also, 130 healthy individuals completed the questionnaire to assess its discriminant validity. The Cronbach α was calculated to assess the internal consistency, and the intra-class correlation coefficient showed the tool’s reproducibility. In addition, five gastroenterologists or internists reviewed the translated version to evaluate its acceptance and content validity. The content validity ratio and content value index were calculated in this regard. Finally, the Pearson correlation test assessed the tool’s convergent validity by correlating the CRDS with the 36-item short-form survey (SF-36). Results: The Cronbach α coefficient for total scores was found to be 0.86, indicating high internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient was found to be 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96%, 0.99%), demonstrating excellent test re-test reliability. The total score of CRDS showed a strong negative correlation with the total scores of SF-36 (r=-0.89), showing its construct validity. All items of the Persian CRDS had a content validity index higher than 0.78 and a content validity ratio higher than 0.75, indicating good content validity. Furthermore, the independent t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the healthy and diseased groups in questionnaire scores. This finding shows the tool’s ability to discriminate between healthy and sick groups. Conclusion: The Persian version of CRDS is suitable for evaluating constipation associated with disabilities in Persian-speaking individuals.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Rehabilitation Services in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa: A Mixed-method Study
Authors:   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, South Africa., Mazibuko Senzelwe M. , Nadasan Thayananthee ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, South Africa., Govender Pragashnie ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, South Africa.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: South Africa is committed to enhancing rehabilitation services by 2030 through the National Rehabilitation Policy and the United Nations Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. However, limited research focuses on rehabilitation services in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province, South Africa. This study aims to provide insights from stakeholders on rehabilitation services in KZN Province focused on infrastructure, referrals, human resources, and multidisciplinary practices. Methods: Using mixed methods, we conducted focus group discussions, interviews, and surveys involving 99 stakeholders, including rehabilitation practitioners, district and provincial managers, and social development representatives from eThekwini, AmaJuba, and King Cetshwayo in South Africa. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used for quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Public institutions reported inadequate referral pathways (2.9 out of 5) compared to private institutions (3.4 out of 5). Acute rehabilitation referrals primarily targeted secondary or tertiary facilities. Disjointed pathways, a lack of protocols, delayed referrals due to various factors and insufficient staff were identified. Physiotherapists were disproportionally more prominent, while social workers, psychologists and bio-kineticists were scarce. Both public (93%) and private (73%) care exhibited high doctor-to-patient ratios. Rehabilitation service disciplines were limited and fragmented, especially in rural areas. Thirty-four respondents (81%) stated no designated rehabilitation services units in their respective institutions. Conclusion: Rehabilitation services, though present at all care levels in KZN, mostly begin at tertiary levels. Local-level rehabilitation is non-existent, with the public healthcare system relying on community rehabilitation workers. Referral pathways require standardization, especially at the local level. Enhancing primary healthcare’s rehabilitation focus by bolstering workforce recruitment can significantly improve multidisciplinary practices. Expanding intermediate care facility licenses can alleviate system strain on KZN’s public health sector.
Transforming IT Services : Strategic Approaches and Lessons Learned
Authors: Roshan Lulla
Published: September 2024

The paper reviewed relevant articles on strategic pursuit management. Being a conceptual paper, I have started by highlighting the overview / essence of strategic pursuit management and elaborating the role of Pursuit leader. This was followed by research and refereeing different proven strategies and factors that may lead to discussions on factors that affect strategy formulation, strategy implementation as well as factors bedeviling strategy implementation. Essentiality of strategic management practices as a radical improvement method was equally highlighted.
КУЛЬТУРНІ КОМПОНЕНТИ У ВИВЧЕННІ ПОЛЬСЬКОЇ МОВИ В ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ: ЗБАГАЧЕННЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ Й ФОРМУВАННЯ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Pavlyuk Oleksiy , Zavalniuk Inna , Bohatko Valentyna
Published: September 2024

Польська навчальна література в закладах вищої освіти України є передумовою реалізації навчальної програми майбутніх філологів. Як і в кожній навчальній дисципліні, література курсу польської мови проходить свої етапи формування й розвитку. Культурні компоненти в таких посібниках залишаються невід’ємною і сталою частиною презентації й розуміння польської культури. У ХХІ столітті сучасні методики викладання іноземної мови приділяють особливу увагу соціокультурному складникові. Завдяки поєднанню процесу поглибленого вивчення культури (її особливостей) і пережитого своєрідного культурного досвіду, пов’язаного з буденністю польського життя, формується здатність розуміння міжкультурної комунікації. Мета статті – на основі базової літератури з вивчення польської мови (Krok po kroku 1–2, Hurra!!! Po Polsku 1, 2, 3, Z polskim w świat. Podręcznik do nauki języka polskiego jako obcego. Część 1–2) виокремити елементи культури в навчальному процесі в закладі вищої освіти й охарактеризувати представлені культурні складники як елементи всебічного мовно-культурного формування майбутнього спеціаліста. Методи. Основним методом дослідження був метод аналізу культурологічної тематики в навчальних матеріалах. Функціональний метод використано для систематизації культурних концептів. Також застосовано дискурс-аналіз вибраних культурних концептів і їх переклад. Результати. Виокремлено групи культурних складників, які безпосередньо знаходимо в підручниках з польської мови. Охарактеризовано поняття з культурним контекстом, характерні для реалій суспільства Польщі. Виокремлено групи слів, що належать до польських культурних традицій і представників творення соціокультурного сьогодення. Визначено основні етапи знайомства й засвоєння культурного елементу відповідно до мовних компетенцій. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз посібників з вивчення польської мови щодо пропозиції культурного контексту. Оригінальність. Низку підручників з польської мови 2010–2023 років видання на тему культурного складника ще ніхто не вивчав. Матеріал може слугувати основою для дослідження підручників польської мови й функціонального застосування текстів з елементами культури у формуванні міжкультурного мовознавця.