bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer in solid CO2 and N2O: dependence on temperature and volume
Authors: Konstantinov V. A. , Manzhelii V. G. , Smirnov S. A. , Tolkachev A. M.
Published: January 2025

Isochoric thermal conductivity of solid CO2 and N2O at temperatures of the order of and higher than the Debye temperatures (T ≳ θ) is studied. The coefficients of volume dependence of thermal conductivity are determined and used for calculating the isochoric thermal conductivity of crystals with a fixed molar volume at absolute zero. At constant pressure, the thermal resistance increases approximately in proportion to the temperature. At constant density, however, the growth of thermal resistance becomes slower with increasing temperature, and the W(T) curves show a tendency towards saturation. This effect is more pronouned in N2O, where an additional phonon scattering is caused by the dipole disordering of the crystal. The observed effect is explained by using Slack’s concept of the thermal conductivity minimum.
Inelastic scattering of quasiparticles at the phase boundary of a phase slip center accompanied by phonon emission
Authors: Gogadze G. A.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that non-Josephson generation in resistive superconducting films is associated with the bremsstrahlung of quasi-particles of a definite energy ϵ1, scattered by the perturbation of the nondiagonal potential Δ˜. Electrons acquire the energy ϵ1 after multiple Andreev scattering at the “phase boundaries” of the phase slip centers.
Hole-polarization mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity
Authors: Kholopov E. V.
Published: January 2025

A unified mechanism is proposed for the hole polarization at random centers, leading to the formation of a hole conductivity region against the background of the existing valence band, and to the superconducting hole pairing in this region below the critical temperature which is a function of the number density of centers. Consistent results are obtained for the ceramic parameters.
Absorption of longitudinal ultrasound in the high-temperature superconductor Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4−y
Authors: Ivanov A. G. , Volkova L. P. , Grigut’ O. V. , Popovich A. I. , Revenko Yu. F. , Svistunov V. M. , Tarenkov V. Yu. , Tsymbal L. T. , Cherkasov A. N.
Published: January 2025

The absorption of longitudinal ultrasound is studied experimentally in the high-temperature metal-oxide superconductor Y1.2Ba0.8CuO4−y having a transition temperature Tc = 91 K. It is found that at temperatures close to 150 K, the sound absorption decreases sharply upon a decrease in the temperature, attains a minimum value at 130−140 K, and then begins to increase once again. Another absorption minimum is observed below Tc.
Phenomenological theory of superfluidity suppression by van der Waals forces
Authors: Kiknadze L. V. , Mamaladze Yu. G.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the Man der Waals interaction of He II with a solid leads to a nonexponential (power) dependence of the superfluid density deficit on the distance from the wall. The critical gap width is estimated and the dependence of the mean density of the superfluid component on the gap width is investigated.
Nonlinear effects under transverse electron focusing in bismuth
Authors: Andrievskii V. V. , Ass E. I. , Komnik Yu. F.
Published: January 2025

Systematic experimental studies have been carried out of the positions and the amplitudes of maxima on the electron focusing line, as well as of the probability of specular reflection of electrons at the sample surface for high emitter current densities. The nonlinear effects observed in these cases are interpreted with the help of the geometric nonlinearity model that takes into account the dependence of the cyclotron radius on the electron energy.
Peculiarities of sound attenuation in noncollinear antiferromagnets
Authors: Bar’yakhtar V. G. , Belykh V. G. , Vitebskii I. M. , Soboleva T. K.
Published: January 2025

It is shown that the magnetoelastic interaction in the exchange relaxation processes is responsible for sound attenuation in spin subsystems. It is found that in a four-sublattice antiferromagnet UO2 the damping decrement of the low-frequency sound is described by the same phenomenological constant as the damping of the exchange branch of the spin wave spectrum.
Magnetic states of cubic magnets with a competing anisotropy caused by Jahn–Teller ions
Authors: Ivanov M. A. , Fishman A. Ya.
Published: January 2025

Low-temperature magnetic states of cubic magnets with a competing impurity anisotropy are studied. It is shown that as the concentration of Jahn–Teller ions increases, the system may go over from one type of easy axis to another through an intermediate oblique phase. The dependence of the type of phase transformation on the nature of the (dynamic or static) Jahn–Teller effect at the degenerate centers is studied. It is shown that random low-symmetry fields exert a considerable influence on the properties of the oblique phase.
Two-dimensional electron gas oscillations in the inversion layer on the surface of an ionic crystal
Authors: Kosevich A. M. , Granada J. C.
Published: January 2025

Surface plasma oscillations of the electron system at the metal-insulator-semiconductor junction (MIS) are considered for the case when an ionic crystal layer with a considerable dispersion in permittivity serves as the dielectric. It is shown that at frequencies within the range of polariton oscillations of the ionic crystal, the interaction between plasma oscillations and polariton waves induces short-wave r.f. oscillations with a group velocity s ∼ 106 − 108 cm/s.
Measurement of resistance of the normal metal–superconductor (N–S) boundary
Authors: Tszyan Yu. N. , Shevchenko O. G.
Published: January 2025

The resistance of the N–S boundary due to the specular reflection of electrons grazing along this boundary is measured in In–Bi and high-temperature superconductor–semiconductor systems. The obtained value of the resistance is used for estimating the number of such electrons and the energy gap width in YBa2Cu3O6.5 metal oxide.
Detection of a discrete variation in noise voltage in superconducting channel due to electromagnetic field
Authors: Dmitriev V. M. , Zolochevskii I. V. , Sklyarov V. P. , Khristenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

It is found that as the power of electromagnetic radiation increases, the noise voltage of the superconducting channel increases discretely. The authors attribute this to the fact that the electromagnetic field causes a disbalance in the population of the branches of the quasi-particle spectrum.
Peculiarities of the concentrated phase during decomposition of dilute 3He–4He solid solutions
Authors: Mikheev V. A. , Maidanov V. A. , Mikhin N. P. , Kal’noi S. E. , Omelaenko N. F.
Published: January 2025

The decomposition of 3He−4He solid solutions is studied by using pulse NMR method in 0.54% 3He (V = 20.55 cm3/mol) and 0.60% 4He (V = 24.04−24.93 cm3/mol) samples. At T = 100 mK, the decomposition in dilute solutions continues for over 30 h, the rate and temperature of decomposition depending on the past history of the sample. In the concentrated phase of the decomposed solution, the spin diffusion of 3He is quasi-one-dimensional with a diffusion coefficient D ≈ 10−5 cm2/s, which is characteristic of liquid 3He, and exceeds the diffusion coefficient in bulk solid 3He by two orders of magnitude. The longitudinal relaxation time in the quasi-one-dimensional phase (≈ 1 s) is of solid-state type and coincides with the results for bulk 3He. The temperature dependence of magnetization in quasi-one-dimensional phase is satisfactorily explained by the Curie law.
Electromagnetic spin waves in crystals with a simple helical magnetic structure
Authors: Manzhos I. V. , Chupis I. E.
Published: January 2025

The spectrum of electromagnetic spin waves propagating along the helical axis is obtained for a magnet with a simple helical magnetic structure (HMS) caused by the Lifshitz invariant. It is shown that unlike an easy-plane ferromagnet having no HMS, the equilibrium HMS offers a possibility of resonance interaction between spin and electromagnetic waves. The dependences of the wave vector frequency for oscillations with (+) and (−) circular polarizations are found to be essentially different, thus making it possible to determine the type (+) or (−) of helicity of the equilibrium HMS. The propagation of the electromagnetic waves through a plate with HMS is considered. The reflection coefficient of the resonance frequency region is close to unity but oscillates considerably beyond this region.
Peculiarities in acoustic properties of Kondo system CeAI3 at low temperatures
Authors: Brandt N. B. , Zarembo L. K. , Moshchalkov V. V. , Korobov A. I. , Voronov B. B. , Gippius A. A.
Published: January 2025

An effective interaction of a heavy-fermion system with volume deformations of longitudinal sound waves in the CeAl3 Kondo system is observed at low temperatures.
Absorption of longitudinal varying magnetic field energy by an antiferromagnetic dimerized spin chain
Authors: Zvyagin A. A.
Published: January 2025

High-frequency characteristics of a dimerized antiferromagnetic spin chain are obtained and analyzed under steady-state conditions. Peculiar properties of a two-sublattice chain, which are reflected, for example, in the pumping frequency dependence of absorption, are studied.
Statistical determination of displacement and rotation correlators of molecules for a nitrogen crystal in the classical rotator model
Authors: Bruk-Levinson E. T. , Chernetsov O. D.
Published: January 2025

Using the concepts of classical statistical physics, the correlators for molecular displacement and rotation are determined for an α -phase nitrogen crystal and expressed in terms of interaction potential and thermodynamic parameters for the crystal. Contributions of the noncentral part of the interaction to the rms deviation are determined. The results are compared with those obtained in computer experiments and by using the approaches developed earlier.
Peculiarities of structural distortion in layered CsDy0.93Eu0.07(MoO4)2
Authors: El’chaninova S. D. , Ilyushin A. S.
Published: January 2025

The temperature dependence of the unit cell parameters of rhombic CsDy0.93Eu0.07(MoO4)2 is studied in the temperature range 4.2−300 K. Structural phase transitions are observed in the regions of 200−220, 50−70, and 20−30 K, and are accompanied by a twinning of the crystal. Peculiarities of the structural distortions in the low-temperature phase of the layered compound CsDy0.93Eu0.07(MoO4)2 are discussed.
Work-biased path-sampling calculations of chemical potentials: Principles and applications to uranium oxide
Authors: Barbour Orane , Crocombette Jean-Paul , Beigbeder Theo , Tranchida Julien , Bourasseau Emeric , Athènes Manuel
Published: January 2025

We present the work-biased path-sampling scheme to calculate chemical potentials in atomic scale simulations. This scheme is based on a series of chained insertion and deletion paths from N to N + 1 to N atom systems, the sampling being performed on the paths themselves rather than on the final configurations. Equations for parallel path generations as well as geometrically biased insertions or deletions are presented. We then present two applications of our approach for the uranium dioxide crystal. The first is a test case validation of our approach for the insertion of a Xe atom in UO2. The second explores the relationship between cluster structure stability and oxygen chemical potential in overstoichiometric UO2+x oxide as a function of temperature from 800 to 2000 K and composition, from UO2 to UO2.16, using two different empirical potentials. We find that the evolution of the oxygen chemical potential is irregular, with dips for specific numbers of added oxygen atoms. Five oxygen clusters are stable at 800 K and are associated with strong dips in the chemical potential values. At intermediate temperatures, clusters of four and five oxygen atoms compete in stability. They become unstable at the highest temperatures, and the evolution of the chemical potential is then monotonous with composition.
First principle investigation of Cr doping effect on the stability of NiFe2O4
Authors: Rui Tianhao , Lan Yulin , Li Congyi , Zhang Haibin , Liu Xiaojing
Published: January 2025

NiFe2O4 is a key component of CRUD (corrosion-related undesirable deposits) that may severely degrade the safety and efficiency of nuclear power systems. Recent experimental studies showed that Cr impurity may affect the formation and growth of NiFe2O4-rich deposit on Cr-coated nuclear fuel, demonstrating a promising solution to inhibit the growth of CRUD. However, little theoretical study has been dedicated to revealing the effect of impurity on the formation and growth of NiFe2O4, especially Cr. In this work, density functional theory was utilized to compute the effect of Cr doping on electronic structures of NiFe2O4. The calculation results suggested that the effect of Cr impurity on NiFe2O4 structural stability is site-dependent and provides theoretical evidence that explains the experimental observation of suppressed NiFe2O4-rich CRUD growth on Cr-coated nuclear fuel. We believe that lattice mismatch induced by Cr doping may lead to stress and dislocations, which suppressed further growth of NiFe2O4. Subsequently, the diffusion of Cr facilitates the smooth growth of the interface, suggesting that the diffusion of Cr may be a crucial factor influencing the growth rate of CRUD.
Thermostat-induced artificial lane formation in non-equilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: Lan Biao , Wang Yanting
Published: January 2025

While most thermostats in molecular dynamics are designed for equilibrium systems, their extension to non-equilibrium simulations has little theoretical justification. In the literature, an artifact referred to as “lane formation” was discovered; however, its cause remained unclear and was simply attributed to a constraint on velocity fluctuations or non-ergodicity in thermostats. In addition, global deterministic thermostatted dynamics was found to exhibit unceasing phase-space compression in steady states, incompatible with their expected stationary distributions and Gibbs entropy, which was mistakenly perceived as inescapable. In this work, we pinpoint that the dynamical cause of artificial lane formation is a stable fixed point in the momentum space induced by improper velocity rescaling, which produces effective repulsion between different species in a color flow, drains transverse kinetic energy and generates the unceasing compression. This artifact is deeply rooted in global deterministic thermostats, such as the Nosé–Hoover dynamics and configurational thermostat. With proper rescaling, the Langevin thermostat completely eliminates artificial lane formation and exemplifies how incompressible phase space and stationary distributions can be retained for non-equilibrium steady states.
Spontaneous net flow generation using passive artificial cilia in the nucleate boiling region
Authors: Sugioka Hideyuki , Sugitate Tsubasa , Kadota Kazuki
Published: January 2025

The occurrence of spontaneous net flows in nature is fascinating. Here, we report spontaneous net flow generation using passive artificial cilia consisting of directional fabric in the nucleate boiling regime. Surprisingly, by placing simple ordinary flocking rayon fibers at an angle of approximately 18 degrees on a base cloth on the circular wall in a container as the artificial cilia, we observed the circular flow of the angular velocity of up to ∼2 rad/s (the average velocity of up to ∼34 mm/s) in the nucleate boiling regime. Moreover, by the observation of a high-speed camera (960 fps), we found that the bubbles rise obliquely at a high velocity of about 80–180 mm/s, which drives the net flow. Our findings should contribute to a better understanding of spontaneous flows in nature and should be applied to utilize unused heat, such as factory waste heat effectively.
Injection height impact on combustion instability in a centrally staged combustor
Authors: Wang Jianchen , Yan Xicheng , Wang Xinyao , Han Meng , Wang Yuzhuo , Han Xiao , Zhang Chi
Published: January 2025

Centrally staged lean premixed pre-vaporized (LPP) combustors are widely applied in aeroengines to reduce pollutant emissions. However, combustion instability represents a critical challenge in the development of it. In the centrally staged combustor, injection height is defined as the injector-wall distance of the main stage. The partially premixed swirling combustor was built to study the effect of injection height on combustion instability, and several schemes under various conditions were investigated. Spray fields corresponding to different configurations were measured in cold flow, and reactive experiments were conducted in different equivalence ratios of the main stage (φm). The results indicate that combustion instability occurred in conjunction with stratified flames. The injection height mainly affected the amplitude of the combustion instability. It affected the heat release fluctuations and the phase difference between the heat release and pressure fluctuations by influencing the flame structure, which finally affected the oscillation. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis showed that oscillations in three cases occurred within the axial modes; however, a reduction in injection height slightly decreased the resonant frequency. These results have rarely been reported in previous work and may provide useful ideas for designing LPP combustors.
Strong, ductile, and hierarchical hetero-lamellar-structured alloys through microstructural inheritance and refinement
Authors: Shi Peijian , Li Yi , Li Zhi , Jiang Xin , Yan Jie , Zhou Rui , Qin Yi , Lin Yifan , Huang Jingran , Tan Bodong , Wang Yinan , Wen Tongqi , Ye Beilin , Ling Chunyan , Luan Junhua , Shen Zhe , Ding Biao , Li Qiang , Zheng Tianxiang , Ren Weili , Zhang Tianlong , Ren Yang , Zhong Yunbo , Liu C. T. , Gao Huajian , Zhu Yuntian
Published: January 2025

The strength−ductility trade-off exists ubiquitously, especially in brittle intermetallic-containing multiple principal element alloys (MPEAs), where the intermetallic phases often induce premature failure leading to severe ductility reduction. Hierarchical heterogeneities represent a promising microstructural solution to achieve simultaneous strength−ductility enhancement. However, it remains fundamentally challenging to tailor hierarchical heterostructures using conventional methods, which often rely on costly and time-consuming processing. Here, we report a multiscale microstructural inheritance and refinement strategy to process “structural hierarchy precursors” in as-cast heterogeneous Al
0.7
CoCrFeNi MPEAs, which lead directly to a hierarchical hetero-lamellar structure (HLS) after simple rolling and annealing. Interestingly, it takes only 10 min of annealing time, two orders of magnitude less than that required to render the state-of-the-art properties during conventional processing of Al
0.7
CoCrFeNi, for us to achieve record-high strength−ductility combinations via the hierarchical HLS design that sequentially stimulates multiple unusual deformation and reinforcement mechanisms. In particular, the HLS-enabled high hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) internal stress triggers profuse <111>-type dislocations on over five independent slip systems in the supposedly brittle intermetallic phase and activates extensive stacking faults (SFs) and nanotwinning in the adjoining soft phase with a rather high SF energy. These unexpected, dynamically reinforcing hetero-deformation mechanisms across multiple length scales facilitate high sustained HDI strain hardening, along with a salient microcrack-mediated extrinsic ductilization effect, suggesting that the proposed microstructural inheritance and refinement strategy provides an efficient, fast, and low-cost approach to overcome the strength−ductility trade-off in a broad range of structural materials.
British ideologies in the (re)-shaping of the American identity
Authors: Cecconi Elisabetta
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on the use of possessive our in colonial newspapers related to
the Imperial Crisis in North America (1764–1783) and analyses its exceptional frequency and distributional patterns
through a corpus-based methodology. It investigates the dominant ideologies which (re-)shape the colonists’ national
identity by focusing on their linguistic actualizations through a preference for the grammatical relationship of
possession. The interconnection between ideologies and possessive usage reveals to what extent the British ideology of
property as precondition of liberty and economic prosperity was at the basis of the British Americans’ identity before
and after the Declaration of Independence. Despite the discourse polarization of our vs
their, North American colonists had still a long way to go before acquiring full consciousness of
their own national distinctiveness from their British fellow-countrymen.
Female-male relations in letters to the editor in The Orphan Reviv'd: or, Powell’s Weekly
Journal (1719–1720)
Authors: Brownlees Nicholas
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the discursive realisation of female-male relations in letters to the editor
(LTEs) in Elizabeth Powell’s
The Orphan Reviv'd: or, Powell’s Weekly
Journal (1719–1720) and four other early eighteenth-century newspapers. LTEs about female-male
relations in the Orphan Reviv'd are rarely neutral in tone with evaluation evident and marked
linguistically in various ways. Much of the correspondence expresses a sympathetic viewpoint of women’s condition in
their relations with men. However, this positive evaluation is modified by two important considerations. First, the
role of women is refracted through a male prism as seen in the discursive focus on male behaviour. Secondly, when
women unreservedly express agency it is viewed negatively since it reflects unacceptable features of male
behaviour.
“Girls of the period”
Authors: Guzzetti Martina
Published: January 2025

Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the British mainstream press had hostile
views on the Woman Question, while the new feminist periodicals exposed distortions and omissions and became the ideal
site for debates about gender. However, these magazines showed competing internal ideologies: the aim of this paper is
to investigate on how these were represented within the movement. The corpus consists of 880 articles published by

The Woman’s Signal
, Votes for Women,
The Vote and Common Cause (1894–1914): the analysis of keywords related to
gender (woman, suffragette, and lady) reveals different sets of
beliefs concerning womanhood and the emergence of internal ideologies, too, which reflected the conflicting ideas
within the British first-wave feminist movement.
Feminatives in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century periodicals in partitioned Poland
Authors: Włodarczyk Matylda
Published: January 2025

According to Woolard, language ideology studies have focused on: (1) linguistic and social
differentiation; (2) linguistic authority, including also “linguistic construction of political and social authority”
(2021: 12). Whereas gender differentiation may be studied on the basis
of linguistic manifestations (feminatives), authority and its construction are best viewed in an emic perspective,
which calls for support from the relevant metadiscourse. This paper focuses on occupational and agentive terms for
women in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century periodicals in partitioned Poland. The analyses recover
potential authorial attitudes based on typographic marking and characterise feminine referential terms with respect to
the scores of synthetic vs. analytic and generic vs. gender-specific forms.
Language ideologies in the 18th century
Authors: Mantovani Giulia
Published: January 2025

In the 18th century, public discussion on language was influenced by the philosophical debates of
the Age of Enlightenment, bearing a theoretical character. The discussions found concrete expression in the moral
weeklies (known as “Spectators”), a prototype of opinion journalism which developed from Joseph Addison and Richard
Steele’s periodical
The Spectator (London, 1711–1712 and
1714). The Spectators experienced a European circulation through translations and
imitations, thus contributing to the creation of wide communication networks among scholars. Concurrently, the
language discussion and related ideas also spread beyond national borders. This study aims to compare the use of some
topoi in the language discussions of the Spectator periodicals to investigate
the continuity or innovation of metalinguistic concepts and their underlying language ideologies.
Pluriareal languages and the case of German
Authors: Elspaß Stephan
Published: January 2025

In the sociolinguistic discourse on standard language varieties, linguists working on standard varieties in
contiguous language areas, such as in the German-speaking countries, have proposed and expanded the model of pluriareality to
account for perceived deficiencies in the increasingly plurinational conception of pluricentricity. This paper first discusses
the basic assumptions and characteristics of both models and then demonstrates that the model of pluriareality appears to be
more adequate, in conceptual and linguistic terms, to describe the situation in languages such as German from a usage-based
perspective. Finally, I propose considering the pluricentric model, which is often conceptualized as a rather plurinational
model, and the pluriareal model as complementary solutions to describe different sociolinguistic constellations of standard
languages.
Conceptualization of German from an Austrian perspective
Authors: Ransmayr Jutta
Published: January 2025

This contribution presents insights from a nation-wide Austrian survey on how Austrian school teachers and students conceptualize German. The results indicate that German is conceptualized in a pluricentric manner by most teachers and students in Austrian schools, with the notion of Austrian Standard German as a distinct standard variety of the German language, particularly among Austrian language norm authorities. In light of this, the differences and commonalities between the pluricentricity and pluriareality models are discussed, and a method for integrating both is presented, illustrating what each of the models imply, how they complement each other, and how terminological issues could be solved.
Pluricentricity versus pluriareality?
Authors: Schneider Edgar W.
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the issue of what data from the English-speaking world can contribute to the ongoing debate on the notions of “pluricentricity” versus “pluriareality” — and to the interpretation of English(es) as pluricentric or pluriareal, respectively. After brief definitions and discussions of the core notions, areal distributions in the English-speaking world — which can be viewed as evidence for either perspective — are systematically screened and exemplified. This includes differences between national varieties of English and evidence for “epicentric” linguistic influences on the one hand, and areal distributions on local, regional, supra-national, and global scales on the other. I conclude that both notions do not exclude each other; rather, each captures and highlights different aspects of reality. “Pluriareality” describes language production, while “pluricentricity” focuses on perception.
The pluricentricity vs. pluriareality debate
Authors: Buschfeld Sarah
Published: January 2025

The notions “pluricentricity” and “pluriareality” are hotly debated conceptions, in particular among linguists aiming to conceptualize the spread and standards of the German language (e.g. Dollinger 2019a, 2019b; Elspaß et al. 2017; Muhr 2013, 2020; Scheuringer 1996). The present chapter aims to shed light on this controversy from an Anglophone perspective. Drawing on examples of general linguistic distribution patterns and language use in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, I discuss what the two notions can contribute to our understanding and conceptualization of the English language. The conclusion, however, will be far from satisfactory for the strict proponents of the two approaches: I argue that both are valid approaches and not necessarily mutually exclusive. Only a joint perspective can shed conclusive light on the spread, conceptualizations, and standards of supra-national languages such as English (and probably also German). Further, I will argue that in times of ongoing globalization, these conceptions become increasingly obsolete, requiring more flexible approaches to linguistic variation — at least if we take on the global perspective.
Pluricentricity AND pluriareality
Authors: Durgasingh Ryan , Meer Philipp
Published: January 2025

Moving beyond the contention which has characterized the pluricentricity and pluriareality debate, this
summative chapter draws together the argumentative strands in the chapters in this volume to build the case for their
complementarity. We show the various ways in which terminological differences, of geography and of sociolinguistics, have
somewhat obscured the underlying similarities of these models, and highlight many of the key findings of this book’s
contributors in doing so. The chapter ends by highlighting how some of the issues related to the pluri-concepts might lie in
the different assumptions and foci of different linguistic paradigms, and with a request that further work on pluricentricity
and pluriareality view the models as flexible constructs which can work together towards mutual benefits.
An enhanced BiLSTM recognition method for interfacial debonding damage distinguishing inherent classical nonlinear effects
Authors: Li Zhihang , Xiao Li , Qu Wenzhong
Published: January 2025

The integrity of composite bonded structures largely depends on the robust adhesion at their bonding interfaces. Detecting damage at these bonding interfaces is of significant engineering importance. However, distinguishing damage-induced nonlinearity from the structure’s inherent classical nonlinearity is challenging, which affects detection accuracy. To address this, we propose a robust intelligent detection method for interface debonding damage. This method integrates nonlinear vibro-acoustic modulation with a genetic algorithm (GA), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and an attention mechanism. The attention mechanism prioritizes key features, emphasizing the impact of damage-induced nonlinearities on the identification process. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted experiments on a composite bonded plate using the nonlinear vibro-acoustic modulation method for the interface debonding damage identification. The results indicate that when the interface is intact, the inherent classical nonlinearity of the structure introduces nonlinear damage characteristics into the damage spectrum, significantly affecting damage discrimination. However, after training the GA-BiLSTM-attention mechanism model, the discriminant results validate the model’s effectiveness in distinguishing interface debonding damage while accounting for inherent classical nonlinear effects.
LOO-PIT: A sensitive posterior test
Authors: Nguyen Alan B.H. , Bonici Marco , McGee Glen , Percival Will J.
Published: January 2025

With the advent of the next generation of astrophysics experiments, the volume of data
available to researchers will be greater than ever. As these projects will significantly drive
down statistical uncertainties in measurements, it is crucial to develop novel tools to assess
the ability of our models to fit these data within the specified errors. We introduce to
astronomy the Leave One Out-Probability Integral Transform (LOO-PIT) technique. This first
estimates the LOO posterior predictive distributions based on the model and likelihood
distribution specified, then evaluates the quality of the match between the model and data by
applying the PIT to each estimated distribution and data point, outputting a LOO-PIT
distribution. Deviations between this output distribution and that expected can be characterised
visually and with a standard Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution test. We compare LOO-PIT and the
more common χ
2 test using both a simplified model and a more realistic astrophysics
problem, where we consider fitting Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in galaxy survey data with
contamination from emission line interlopers. LOO-PIT and χ
2 tend to find different signals
from the contaminants, and using these tests in conjunction increases the statistical power
compared to using either test alone. We also show that LOO-PIT outperforms χ
2 in certain
realistic test cases.
An optimized lens design using optical imaging for surveillance camera systems with minimal aberration
Authors: Rudiran Sureshkumar , Dhanalakshmi Samiappan , Maik Vivek
Published: January 2025

Modern security cameras are complex, operate in visible and near-infrared wavelength bands with a vast field of view, and are mounted on a motorized stage to scan and zoom the scene. Here, a low-cost aberration free security camera designed to record activity within a fixed-size field and provide surveillance in the visible band is discussed to reduce the cost of the design and also the fabrication of a custom sensor is highly prohibitive. Using global synthesis and automated design methods with the Code-V tool, we have designed and analyzed an on-screen display (OSD) camera with multiple camera lens parameters and suggested using the proposed camera system during the day in an open, well-lit area. For getting video graphics array format (640 × 480 pixels), the pixel size should be 7.5 µm. Considering the Nyquist criterion, the smallest line pair detected by the sensor would be two pixels wide,15 µm/lp or 66.67 c mm−1. The optimal parameters have been designed and optimized with multiple parameters like modulation transfer function (MTF), spot size diagrams, ray aberration with third-order and fifth-order aberrations curve, and error function. After optimization, the effective focal length value is 3.9881. The aperture size obtained after optimization is f/8, the entrance pupil diameter is 0.4985, and the overall length is 0.5184. The MTF obtained is 0.7563. The error function reduced to 0.2612. The aberration value lies from 0.018019 to −0.018019. The image height obtained at 1.8597. The designed OSD security camera eliminates spherical and chromatic aberration significantly and eliminates other third order and fifth order aberrations. The significant findings benefit the optics community in designing aberration free low-cost security camera systems.
OpenWFS—a library for conducting and simulating wavefront shaping experiments
Authors: Doornbos Jeroen H , Cox Daniël W S , Knop Tom , Sasikumar Harish , Vellekoop Ivo M
Published: January 2025

Wavefront shaping (WFS) is a technique for controlling the propagation of light. With applications ranging from microscopy to free-space telecommunication, this research field is expanding rapidly. As the field advances, it stands out that many breakthroughs are driven by the development of better software that incorporates increasingly advanced physical models and algorithms. Typical WFS software involves a complex combination of low-level hardware control, signal processing, calibration, troubleshooting, simulation, and the WFS algorithm itself. This complexity makes it hard to compare different algorithms and to extend existing software with new hardware or algorithms. Moreover, the complexity of the software can be a significant barrier for end users of microscopes to adopt WFS. OpenWFS addresses these challenges by providing a modular Python library that separates hardware control from the WFS algorithm itself. Using these elements, a WFS algorithm can be written in a minimal amount of code, with OpenWFS taking care of low-level hardware control, synchronization, and troubleshooting. Algorithms can be used on different hardware or in a completely simulated environment without changing the code. Moreover, we provide full integration with the Micro-Manager microscope control software, enabling WFS experiments to be executed from a user-friendly graphical user interface.
Research on interpretability of writer identification based on multi-label classification of writing style
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Miao , Zhang Qianxue
Published: January 2025

Writer identification based on deep learning has shown great potential in fields such as forensic analysis and financial security due to its high efficiency and accuracy. However, the specificity of deep neural networks limits the acceptance and adoption of their identification results in these fields.This is due to the ‘opacity’ of deep neural networks. To address this issues, this paper proposes an interpretable framework for writer identification based on multi-label classification of writing styles, implemented using residual networks and attention mechanisms. Firstly, this study selects five writing style types commonly used based on the experience of manual writer identification.Based on the Chinese handwriting dataset HWDB2.0, multi-label writing style annotation was carried out to construct the writing style dataset HWDB-STYLE. Next, a residual convolutional neural network combined with a channel-spatial attention module is used to construct the backbone network. Finally, the number and structure of the classifiers in the backbone network are improved and a multi-task model is obtained which performs multi-label classification of both writer and writing styles. This model can provide both the identity of the writer and the classification of five different writing style types, and interpret the output writer identity results through the output style type. Experiments on the HWDB-STYLE dataset demonstrate that the model not only maintains high accuracy in writer identification but also accurately classifies the writing style of each sample. The results are consistent with human observations, providing a level of interpretability for writer identification results.
Double flux radial electrodynamic bearing with the radial air gap between permanent magnet rings and its optimization using artificial neural network for bearing characteristics
Authors: Supreeth D K , Bekinal Siddappa I , Shivamurthy R C
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design and optimization of electrodynamic bearing (EDB) using Artificial neural networks (ANN). Initially, Finite element (FE) simulations were conducted to determine electric pole frequency

(

ω

rl

)

, and the results of the simulations were fitted to an analytical model to obtain the stiffnesses (k
1 and k
2) and damping coefficients (c
1 and c
2) of an EDB. An ANN model was utilized for designing, optimizing, and predicting the stiffnesses, damping coefficients, and electric pole frequency (

ω

rl

) of EDB. An ANN model with five different inputs, multiple types of algorithms, and different hidden neuron (HN) configurations was developed and trained to predict crucial bearing characteristics. The Bayesian Regularization (BR) algorithm with 10 HN demonstrated the lowest average error. Finally, the ANN model was used to optimize the EDB by utilizing MATLAB’s code of the Bonobo optimization algorithm. The optimization results were validated using the simulation results of COMSOL Multiphysics, and critical bearing characteristics were determined by curve-fitting an analytical model to the simulation outcomes. The results showed that ANN models could predict and enhance the EDB performance, as demonstrated by comparing results with the models’ predictions.
Temporal Neutrality and Temporal Bias
Authors: Scheffler Samuel
Published: January 2025

This chapter discusses what Derek Parfit calls “the bias toward the future”: our preference that certain kinds of painful experiences lie in our past rather than our future, and that certain kinds of pleasurable experiences lie in our future rather than our past. Parfit argues that this bias is bad for us and that adopting a kind of temporal neutrality in its place would be good for us. The chapter denies this: it argues that internalizing temporal neutrality would compromise our ability to sustain the relationships we most value. It then argues that neutrality is not, in any case, a general requirement of rationality. The chapter ends by suggesting that future bias is not a distinctive problem but rather a special case of a more general phenomenon, which is that various of our attitudes change with the passage of time in ways that may elude our understanding.
Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 exhibits cell penetration and cytotoxicity with autophagy dysfunction
Authors: Iwasaki Takashi , Shimoda Mayu , Kanayama Haru , Kawano Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2025

Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of severe malaria. This protozoan infects human red blood cells and secretes large quantities of histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) into the bloodstream, making it a well-known diagnostic marker. Here, however, we identified PfHRP2 as a pathogenic factor produced by P. falciparum. PfHRP2 showed cell penetration and cytotoxicity against various human cells. PfHRP2 also exhibited significant cytotoxicity at concentrations found in P. falciparum-infected patients' blood (90-100 n m). We also showed that PfHRP2 binds to Ca2+ ions, localizes to intracellular lysosomes, increases lysosomal Ca2+ levels, and inhibits the basal level of autophagy by preventing autolysosome formation. Furthermore, the Ca2+-dependent cytotoxicity of PfHRP2 was suppressed by the metal ion chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In summary, our findings suggest PfHRP2 as a crucial pathogenic factor produced by P. falciparum and its mode of action. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into P. falciparum malaria pathogenesis.
Nanopore decoding with speed and versatility for data storage
Authors: Volkel Kevin D , Hook Paul W , Keung Albert , Timp Winston , Tuck James M
Published: January 2025

Motivation

As nanopore technology reaches ever higher throughput and accuracy, it becomes an increasingly viable candidate for reading out DNA data storage. Nanopore sequencing offers considerable flexibility by allowing long reads, real-time signal analysis, and the ability to read both DNA and RNA. We need flexible and efficient designs that match nanopore’s capabilities, but relatively few designs have been explored and many have significant inefficiency in read density, error rate, or compute time. To address these problems, we designed a new single-read per-strand decoder that achieves low byte error rates, offers high throughput, scales to long reads, and works well for both DNA and RNA molecules. We achieve these results through a novel soft decoding algorithm that can be effectively parallelized on a GPU. Our faster decoder allows us to study a wider range of system designs.

Results

We demonstrate our approach on HEDGES, a state-of-the-art DNA-constrained convolutional code. We implement one hard decoder that runs serially and two soft decoders that run on GPUs. Our evaluation for each decoder is applied to the same population of nanopore reads collected from a synthesized library of strands. These same strands are synthesized with a T7 promoter to enable RNA transcription and decoding. Our results show that the hard decoder has a byte error rate over 25%, while the prior state of the art soft decoder can achieve error rates of 2.25%. However, that design also suffers a low throughput of 183 s/read. Our new Alignment Matrix Trellis soft decoder improves throughput by 257× with the trade-off of a higher byte error rate of 3.52% compared to the state of the art. Furthermore, we use the faster speed of our algorithm to explore more design options. We show that read densities of 0.33 bits/base can be achieved, which is 4× larger than prior MSA-based decoders. We also compare RNA to DNA, and find that RNA has 85% as many error-free reads when compared to DNA.

Availability and implementation

Source code for our soft decoder and data used to generate figures is available publicly in the Github repository https://github.com/dna-storage/hedges-soft-decoder (10.5281/zenodo.11454877). All raw FAST5/FASTQ data are available at 10.5281/zenodo.11985454 and 10.5281/zenodo.12014515.
Working in biocuration: contemporary experiences and perspectives
Authors: Davies Sarah R
Published: January 2025

This perspective article synthesizes current knowledge regarding what is known regarding biocuration as a career and the challenges facing the field. It draws on existing literature and ongoing qualitative research to discuss the nature of biocuration, biocurators’ career trajectories, key challenges that biocurators face, and strategies for overcoming these. Overall, biocurators express a high degree of satisfaction with their work and see it as central to the wider biosciences. The central challenges that they face relate to the underfunding and under-recognition of this work, meaning that there is minimal stable funding for the field and that the work of human biocurators is often invisible to those who use curated resources. The article closes by critically discussing existing and potential strategies for responding to these challenges.
Media, Spillovers, and Social Norms: The Electoral Impact of Anti-Far Right Protests in the 2002 French Election
Authors: Lagios Nicolas , Méon Pierre-Guillaume , Tojerow Ilan
Published: January 2025

We study the electoral impact of protesting against the far right by investigating the demonstrations held during the 2002 French presidential elections against far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen. Instrumenting rally attendance with rainfall while factoring in that some municipalities never host protests, we find that larger protests reduced the number of votes for Le Pen and abstention, while increasing the number of votes for the incumbent president, Jacques Chirac. We find that the effect spread out beyond the municipalities that hosted protests and worked through media exposure. Using survey data, we show that protests reduced support for the policies advocated by Le Pen. Moreover, the positive effect on voting for Chirac resulted from right-wing voters switching from Le Pen to Chirac and left-wing voters not casting a blank ballot, implying that some voters voted expressively. Finally, we show that protests reduced the social desirability of voting for Le Pen.