bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pronounced differences in heart rate and metabolism distinguish daily torpor and short-term hibernation in two bat species
Authors: Currie Shannon E. , Körtner Gerhard , Geiser Fritz
Published: December 2022

Torpor, and its differential expression, is essential to the survival of many mammals and birds. Physiological characteristics of torpor appear to vary between those species that express strict daily heterothermy and those capable of multiday hibernation, but comparisons are complicated by the temperature-dependence of variables. Previous reviews have compared these different torpor strategies by measuring the depth and duration of torpor in multiple species. However, direct comparison of multiple physiological parameters under similar thermal conditions are lacking. Here, we quantified three physiological variables; body temperature, metabolic rate (MR) and heart rate (HR) of two small heterothermic bats (daily heterotherm Syconycteris australis, and hibernator Nyctophilus gouldi) under comparable thermal conditions and torpor bout durations. When normothermic and resting both MR and HR were similar for the two species. However, during torpor the minimum HR was more than fivefold higher, and minimum MR was 6.5-fold higher for the daily heterotherm than for the hibernator at the same subcutaneous Tb (16 ± 0.5 °C). The data show that the degree of heterothermy defined using Tb is not necessarily a precise proxy for physiological capacity during torpor in these bats and is unlikely to reveal accurate energy budgets. Our study provides evidence supporting a distinction between daily torpor in a daily heterotherm and short term torpor in a hibernator, at least within the Chiroptera with regard to these physiological variables. This exists even when individuals display the same degree of Tb reduction, which has clear implications for the modelling of their energy expenditure.
Expert-level aspiration and penetration detection during flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis
Authors: Weng Weihao , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Murono Shigeyuki , Zhu Xin
Published: December 2022

Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing oropharyngeal dysphagia. Recent advances in deep learning have led to a resurgence of artificial intelligence-assisted computer-aided diagnosis (AI-assisted CAD) for a variety of applications. AI-assisted CAD would be a remarkable benefit in providing medical services to populations with inadequate access to dysphagia experts, especially in aging societies. This paper presents an AI-assisted CAD named FEES-CAD for aspiration and penetration detection on video recording during FEES. FEES-CAD segments the input FEES video and classifies penetration, aspiration, residue in the vallecula, and residue in the hypopharynx based on the segmented FEES video. We collected and annotated FEES videos from 199 patients to train the network and tested the performance of FEES-CAD using FEES videos from other 40 patients. These patients consecutively underwent FEES between December 2016 and August 2019 at Fukushima Medical University Hospital. FEES videos were deidentified, randomized, and rated by FEES-CAD and laryngologists with over 15 years of experience in performing FEES. FEES-CAD achieved an average Dice similarity coefficient of 98.6$$\%$$%. FEES-CAD achieved expert-level accuracy performance on penetration (92.5$$\%$$%), aspiration (92.5$$\%$$%), residue in the vallecula (100$$\%$$%), and residue in the hypopharynx (87.5$$\%$$%) classification tasks. To the best of our knowledge, FEES-CAD is the first CNN-based system that achieves expert-level performance in detecting aspiration and penetration.
The method of exclusion (still) cannot identify specific mechanisms of cultural inheritance
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , Snyder William Daniel , Tennie Claudio
Published: December 2022

The method of exclusion identifies patterns of distributions of behaviours and/or artefact forms among different groups, where these patterns are deemed unlikely to arise from purely genetic and/or ecological factors. The presence of such patterns is often used to establish whether a species is cultural or not—i.e. whether a species uses social learning or not. Researchers using or describing this method have often pointed out that the method cannot pinpoint which specific type(s) of social learning resulted in the observed patterns. However, the literature continues to contain such inferences. In a new attempt to warn against these logically unwarranted conclusions, we illustrate this error using a novel approach. We use an individual-based model, focused on wild ape cultural patterns—as these patterns are the best-known cases of animal culture and as they also contain the most frequent usage of the unwarranted inference for specific social learning mechanisms. We built a model that contained agents unable to copy specifics of behavioural or artefact forms beyond their individual reach (which we define as “copying”). We did so, as some of the previous inference claims related to social learning mechanisms revolve around copying defined in this way. The results of our model however show that non-copying social learning can already reproduce the defining—even iconic—features of observed ape cultural patterns detected by the method of exclusion. This shows, using a novel model approach, that copying processes are not necessary to produce the cultural patterns that are sometimes still used in an attempt to identify copying processes. Additionally, our model could fully control for both environmental and genetic factors (impossible in real life) and thus offers a new validity check for the method of exclusion as related to general cultural claims—a check that the method passed. Our model also led to new and additional findings, which we likewise discuss.
The mutational spectrum in whole exon of p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical implications
Authors: Hyodo Toshiki , Kuribayashi Nobuyuki , Fukumoto Chonji , Komiyama Yuske , Shiraishi Ryo , Kamimura Ryouta , Sawatani Yuta , Yaguchi Erika , Hasegawa Tomonori , Izumi Sayaka , Wakui Takahiro , Nakashiro Koh-ichi , Uchida Daisuke , Kawamata Hitoshi
Published: December 2022

Mutations in p53 are common in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, in previous analyses, only detection of mutant p53 protein using immunohistochemistry or mutations in some exons have been examined. Full length mutant p53 protein in many cases shows a loss of tumor suppressor function, but in some cases possibly shows a gain of oncogenic function. In this study, we investigate relationships of outcomes with the mutational spectrum of p53 (missense and truncation mutations) in whole exon in OSCC. Specimens from biopsy or surgery (67 cases) were evaluated using next-generation sequencing for p53, and other oncogenic driver genes. The data were compared with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using univariate and multivariate analyses. p53 mutations were detected in 54 patients (80.6%), 33 missense mutations and 24 truncation mutations. p53 mutations were common in the DNA-binding domain (43/52) and many were missense mutations (31/43). Mutations in other regions were mostly p53 truncation mutations. We detected some mutations in 6 oncogenic driver genes on 67 OSCC, 25 in NOTCH1, 14 in CDKN2A, 5 in PIK3CA, 3 in FBXW7, 3 in HRAS, and 1 in BRAF. However, there was no associations of the p53 mutational spectrum with mutations of oncogenic driver genes in OSCC. A comparison of cases with p53 mutations (missense or truncation) with wild-type p53 cases showed a significant difference in lymph node metastasis. DFS was significantly poorer in cases with p53 truncation mutations. Cases with p53 truncation mutations increased malignancy. In contrast, significant differences were not found between cases with p53 missense mutations and other mutations. The p53 missense mutation cases might include cases with mostly similar function to that of the wild-type, cases with loss of function, and cases with various degrees of gain of oncogenic function.
Time-dependence of decontamination efficiency after a fallout of gamma-emitting radionuclides in suburban areas: a theoretical outlook on topsoil removal
Authors: Rääf Christopher L. , Isaksson Mats , Martinsson Johan , Finck Robert
Published: December 2022

Decontamination of urban areas may be necessary in the case of extensive fallout of radioactive material after a nuclear accident, as removal of contaminated soil and vegetation will significantly reduce doses for the residents in an area affected by fallout. Experience from Japan shows that cleanup operations of urban areas may take years despite investment in ample resources. The time delay between the initial fallout and completion of the decontamination measures allows natural and physical processes to affect the results. The efficiency of the decontamination will therefore depend significantly on time. Radioecological modeling and computer simulation of urban topography with one-story houses were applied in this study to estimate action-influenced time-integrated dose reductions (TDR) of contaminated topsoil removal as a function of time after the fallout. Results indicate that the TDR decreases gradually after the fallout depending on the vertical migration rate of radiocesium and, to some extent, the initial 134Cs/137Cs ratio. Delaying the topsoil removal from 1 to 10 years will result in a TDR decrease by more than a factor of two. Removing the topsoil within one year after fallout results typically in an averted effective dose between 34 and 80 mSv per MBq m−2 deposition of 137Cs for residents in wooden houses. The corresponding values for residents in brick houses are about 50% lower due to higher shielding. Additional modeling is needed to estimate how age and sex influence the averted detriment to affected cohorts. In addition, more in-depth knowledge of how the efficiency of topsoil removal in practice compares with hypothetical models and the effect of incomplete removal of radiocesium is needed to improve calculations of TDR values.
Input-driven chaotic dynamics in vortex spin-torque oscillator
Authors: Imai Yusuke , Nakajima Kohei , Tsunegi Sumito , Taniguchi Tomohiro
Published: December 2022

A new research topic in spintronics relating to the operation principles of brain-inspired computing is input-driven magnetization dynamics in nanomagnet. In this paper, the magnetization dynamics in a vortex spin-torque oscillator driven by a series of random magnetic field are studied through a numerical simulation of the Thiele equation. It is found that input-driven synchronization occurs in the weak perturbation limit, as found recently. As well, chaotic behavior is newly found to occur in the vortex core dynamics for a wide range of parameters, where synchronized behavior is disrupted by an intermittency. Ordered and chaotic dynamical phases are examined by evaluating the Lyapunov exponent. The relation between the dynamical phase and the computational capability of physical reservoir computing is also studied.
An analysis of environment effect on ethanol blends with plastic fuel and blend optimization using a full factorial design
Authors: Padmanabhan S. , Kumar T. Vinod , Giridharan K. , Stalin B. , Nagaprasad N. , Jule Leta Tesfaye , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj
Published: December 2022

There is a growing amount of plastic waste that needs to be properly disposed of in order to protect the environment from the negative effects of increasing reliance on plastic products. Recent interest has focused on chemical recycling as a means of reducing plastic's negative environmental effects. Converting waste plastics into basic petrochemicals allows them to serve as hydrocarbon feedstock or fuel oil through pyrolysis operations. Scientists have taken a keen interest in the production of bioethanol from renewable feedstocks due to its potential as a source of energy and alternative fuel. Due to its beneficial effects on the environment, ethanol has emerged as a promising biofuel. In this paper, energy recovered from low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene waste was converted into an alternative plastic fuel and evaluated for its environmental impact with the blending of ethanol in a diesel engine. Ternary fuel blends with 20%, 30%, and 40% waste plastic fuel and 10%, 15%, and 20% ethanol with standard diesel were tested. The study found that blending 10% ethanol with 20% plastic fuel decreased fuel consumption by around 7.9% compared to base diesel. Carbon monoxide emissions are reduced by about 10.2%, and hydrocarbon emissions are reduced by about 13.43% when using the same ternary blend. The optimum values of fuel consumption and emissions were obtained by full factorial design for a ternary fuel blend of 10% ethanol and 20% plastic fuel at the full load condition.
Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle architecture and muscle strength and physical function in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Fuentes-Abolafio Iván J. , Bernal-López M. Rosa , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Ricci Michele , Cuesta-Vargas Antonio I. , Pérez-Belmonte Luis M.
Published: December 2022

Heart failure (HF)-related factors potentially lead to sarcopenia. Ultrasound (US) assessment has all the advantages of being used in clinical practice to assess muscle architecture. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle architecture with the gender, age, body mass index (BMI), muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as well as to assess the difference in these relationships between the two genders. Patients 70 years and older with HFpEF were included. The gender, age and BMI were collected. The QF muscle thickness, the QF muscle echo-intensity, the subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (FT) and the subcutaneous fat tissue echo-intensity were assessed by the US. The six-minute walk test, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), the timed up and go test (TUG), and the gait speed test (UGS) were used to assess physical function. The five-repetitions sit-to-stand test (5-STS) was performed to assess muscle strength. Bivariant Pearson correlations and subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted. Seventy older adults with HFpEF [81.00 (5.97) years] were recruited. The FT showed a correlation between poor and moderate muscle strength and physical function in women with HFpEF. The FT explained 24.5% of the 5-STS variance, 32.4% of the SPPB variance, 31.5% of the TUG variance, 28.6% of the UGS variance, and 21.4% of the FGS variance in women. The US assessment could allow clinicians to assess muscle architecture biomarkers related to muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HFpEF.

Trial registration NCT03909919. April 10, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
Temporal judgments of actions following unilateral brain damage
Authors: Pacella Valentina , Scandola M. , Bà M. , Smania N. , Beccherle M. , Rossato E. , Volpe D. , Moro Valentina
Published: December 2022

Sense of time is a complex construct, and its neural correlates remain to date in most part unknown. To complicate the frame, physical attributes of the stimulus, such as its intensity or movement, influence temporal perception. Although previous studies have shown that time perception can be compromised after a brain lesion, the evidence on the role of the left and right hemispheres are meager. In two experiments, the study explores the ability of temporal estimation of multi-second actions and non-biological movements in 33 patients suffering from unilateral brain lesion. Furthermore, the modulatory role of induced embodiment processes is investigated. The results reveal a joint contribution of the two hemispheres depending not only on different durations but also on the presence of actions. Indeed, the left hemisphere damaged patients find it difficult to estimate 4500 ms or longer durations, while the right hemisphere damaged patients fail in 3000 ms durations. Furthermore, the former fail when a biological action is shown, while the latter fail in non-biological movement. Embodiment processes have a modulatory effect only after right hemisphere lesions. Among neuropsychological variables, only spatial neglect influences estimation of non-biological movement.
A potential role for SARS-CoV-2 small viral RNAs in targeting host microRNAs and modulating gene expression
Authors: Neeb Zachary T. , Ritter Alexander J. , Chauhan Lokendra V. , Katzman Sol , Lipkin W. Ian , Mishra Nischay , Sanford Jeremy R.
Published: December 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in humans, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including fatality. The molecular mechanisms surrounding the effects of viral infection on the host RNA machinery remain poorly characterized. We used a comparative transcriptomics approach to investigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the host mRNA and sRNA expression machinery in a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3) and an African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero-E6). Upon infection, we observed global changes in host gene expression and differential expression of dozens of host miRNAs, many with known links to viral infection and immune response. Additionally, we discovered an expanded landscape of more than a hundred SARS-CoV-2-derived small viral RNAs (svRNAs) predicted to interact with differentially expressed host mRNAs and miRNAs. svRNAs are derived from distinct regions of the viral genome and sequence signatures suggest they are produced by a non-canonical biogenesis pathway. 52 of the 67 svRNAs identified in Calu-3 cells are predicted to interact with differentially expressed miRNAs, with many svRNAs having multiple targets. Accordingly, we speculate that these svRNAs may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 propagation by modulating post-transcriptional gene regulation, and that methods for antagonizing them may have therapeutic value.
Multi-fractal detrended cross-correlation heatmaps for time series analysis
Authors: de Melo Barros Junior Paulo Roberto , Bunge Kianny Lopes , Serravalle Reis Rodrigues Vitor Hugo , Ferreira Santiago Michell Thompson , dos Santos Marinho Euler Bentes , Lima de Jesus Silva Jose Luis
Published: December 2022

Complex systems in biology, climatology, medicine, and economy hold emergent properties such as non-linearity, adaptation, and self-organization. These emergent attributes can derive from large-scale relationships, connections, and interactive behavior despite not being apparent from their isolated components. It is possible to better comprehend complex systems by analyzing cross-correlations between time series. However, the accumulation of non-linear processes induces multiscale structures, therefore, a spectrum of power-law exponents (the fractal dimension) and distinct cyclical patterns. We propose the Multifractal detrended cross-correlation heatmaps (MF-DCCHM) based on the DCCA cross-correlation coefficients with sliding boxes, a systematic approach capable of mapping the relationships between fluctuations of signals on different scales and regimes. The MF-DCCHM uses the integrated series of magnitudes, sliding boxes with sizes of up to 5% of the entire series, and an average of DCCA coefficients on top of the heatmaps for the local analysis. The heatmaps have shown the same cyclical frequencies from the spectral analysis across different multifractal regimes. Our dataset is composed of sales and inventory from the Brazilian automotive sector and macroeconomic descriptors, namely the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Nominal Exchange Rate (NER), and the Nominal Interest Rate (NIR) from the Central Bank of Brazil. Our results indicate cross-correlated patterns that can be directly compared with the power-law spectra for multiple regimes. We have also identified cyclical patterns of high intensities that coincide with the Brazilian presidential elections. The MF-DCCHM uncovers non-explicit cyclic patterns, quantifies the relations of two non-stationary signals (noise effect removed), and has outstanding potential for mapping cross-regime patterns in multiple domains.
Global habitat suitability modeling reveals insufficient habitat protection for mangrove crabs
Authors: Yousefi Masoud , Naderloo Reza
Published: December 2022

Mangrove crabs are important components of mangrove forests however their large scale habitat suitability and conservation received little attention. The Metopograpsus thukuhar/cannicci species complex is a mangrove dwelling species occurs in the Indo-Pacific mangrove forests. Since identifying the complex suitable habitat is critical for its conservation, we modeled global habitat suitability of the complex within marine biogeographic realms and estimated representation of the complex suitable habitats within marine protected areas. We found that the complex’ largest and smallest suitable ranges are located in Central Indo-Pacific and Temperate Southern Africa realms, respectively. Only 12.5% of the complex suitable habitat is protected. The highest proportion of the complex’ protected suitable habitat (22.9%) is located in Western Indo-Pacific realm while the lowest proportion of the complex’ protected suitable habitat (1.38%) is located in Central Indo-Pacific realm. Suitable unprotected habitats of the complex identified in this study have high priority for conservation and should be included in marine protected areas to ensure species conservation. Our results show that species distribution models are practical tools to study marine species distribution across large spatial scales and help marine conservation planning.
Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates acute kidney injury induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Deng Simin , Zhang Yifeng , Xin Ying , Hu Xinqun
Published: December 2022

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, caused by limited blood supply and subsequent blood supply, is a causative factor resulting in morbidity and mortality during liver transplantation and liver resection. Hepatic I/R injury frequently contributes to remote organ injury, such as kidney, lung, and heart. It has been demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in remote organ injury after I/R injury. Here, our aim is to investigate the potential action of VNS on hepatic I/R injury-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and explore its underlying mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three experimental groups: Sham group (sham operation, n = 6); I/R group (hepatic I/R with sham VNS, n = 6); and VNS group (hepatic I/R with VNS, n = 6). VNS was performed during the entire hepatic I/R process. Our results showed that throughout the hepatic I/R process, VNS significantly regulated the expression levels of various iconic factors and greatly enhanced the protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the kidneys. These findings suggested that VNS may ameliorate hepatic I/R injury-induced AKI by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis probably through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
First-principles structural, elastic and optoelectronics study of sodium niobate and tantalate perovskites
Authors: Khattak Shaukat Ali , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Islam Md Ataul , Husain Mudasser , Ullah Irfan , Zulfiqar Syed , Rooh Gul , Rahman Nasir , Khan Muhammad Salman , Khan Gulzar , Khan Tahirzeb , Ghlamallah Benabdellah
Published: December 2022

The intensified quest for efficient materials drives us to study the alkali (Na)-based niobate (NaNbO3) and tantalate (NaTaO3) perovskites while exploiting the first-principles approach based on density functional theory, coded within WIEN2K. While using the Birch Murnaghan fit, we find these materials to be stable structurally. Similarly, the ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD) at room temperature reveals that the compounds exhibit no structural distortion and are stable at room temperature. By using the recommended modified Becke–Johnson potential, we determine the electronic characteristics of the present materials providing insight into their nature: they are revealed to be indirect semiconductors with the calculated bandgaps of 2.5 and 3.8 eV for NaNbO3 and NaTaO3, respectively. We also determine the total and partial density of states for both materials and the results obtained for the bandgap energies of these materials are consistent with those determined by the band structure. We find that both compounds exhibit transparency to the striking photon at low energy and demonstrate absorption and optical conduction in the UV region. The elastic study shows that these compounds are mechanically stable, whereas NaNbO3 exhibits stronger ability to withstand compressive as well as shear stresses and resists change in shape while NaTaO3 demonstrates weaker ability to resist change in volume. We also find that none of the compound is perfectly isotropic and NaNbO3 and NaTaO3 are ductile and brittle in nature, respectively. By studying the optical properties of these materials, we infer that they are promising candidates for applications in optoelectronic devices. We believe that this report will invoke the experimental studies for further investigation.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling for predication of inhibition potencies of imatinib derivatives using SMILES attributes
Authors: Hamzehali Hamideh , Lotfi Shahram , Ahmadi Shahin , Kumar Parvin
Published: December 2022

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) which is resulted from the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (TK) chimeric oncoprotein, is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Imatinib is used as an inhibitor of BCR-ABL TK in the treatment of CML patients. The main object of the present manuscript is focused on constructing quantitative activity relationships (QSARs) models for the prediction of inhibition potencies of a large series of imatinib derivatives against BCR-ABL TK. Herren, the inbuilt Monte Carlo algorithm of CORAL software is employed to develop QSAR models. The SMILES notations of chemical structures are used to compute the descriptor of correlation weights (CWs). QSAR models are established using the balance of correlation method with the index of ideality of correlation (IIC). The data set of 306 molecules is randomly divided into three splits. In QSAR modeling, the numerical value of R2, Q2, and IIC for the validation set of splits 1 to 3 are in the range of 0.7180–0.7755, 0.6891–0.7561, and 0.4431–0.8611 respectively. The numerical result of $${CR}_{p}^{2}$$

CR

p

2

> 0.5 for all three constructed models in the Y-randomization test validate the reliability of established models. The promoters of increase/decrease for pIC50 are recognized and used for the mechanistic interpretation of structural attributes.
Fluorescent strip sensor for rapid and ultrasensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in fish and milk
Authors: Lei Xianlu , Guo Lingling , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Liu Liqiang
Published: December 2022

The synthetic antibiotics fluoroquinolones are popular due to their good antibacterial performance and low price, but the risk to human health caused by their residues has attracted great attention.
Enhanced drug delivery to cancer cells through a pH-sensitive polycarbonate platform
Authors: Arno Maria C. , Simpson Joshua D. , Blackman Lewis D. , Brannigan Ruairí P. , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we a report a pH-sensitive polycarbonate conjugated with the anticancer drug camptothecin that shows enhanced drug delivery towards cancer cells.
Improving the synthetic H2production catalyst design strategy with the neurotransmitter dopamine
Authors: Ghorai Santanu , Khandelwal Shikha , Das Srewashi , Rai Surabhi , Guria Somnath , Majumder Piyali , Dutta Arnab
Published: December 2022

The strategic incorporation of the neurotransmitter dopamine around a cobaloxime core resulted in excellent electrocatalytic (rate 8400 s−1) and photocatalytic H2production under neutral aqueous conditions.
Enhanced hydrogen storage kinetics of MgH2 by the synergistic effect of Mn3O4/ZrO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Guemou Samuel , Gao Dongqiang , Wu Fuying , Zheng Jiaguang , Wei Tao , Yao Zhendong , Shang Danhong , Zhang Liuting
Published: December 2022

ZrO2 served as an “anchor” to prevent MgH2 particles from rapid growth, and Mn3O4 reacted with Mg to form MgO and Mn. The generated Mn served as a hydrogen “pump” to enhance MgH2 sorption properties during cycling.
Correction: Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) kernel has good protein quality and improves the lipid profile and short chain fatty acids content in Wistar rats
Authors: Duarte Fátima Ladeira Mendes , da Silva Bárbara Pereira , Grancieri Mariana , Sant'Ana Cíntia Tomaz , Toledo Renata Celi Lopes , de São José Vinícius Parzanini Brilhante , Pacheco Sidney , Duarte Martino Hércia Stampini , Ribeiro de Barros Frederico Augusto
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) kernel has good protein quality and improves the lipid profile and short chain fatty acids content in Wistar rats’ by Fátima Ladeira Mendes Duarte et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 11342–11352, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2FO02047E.
Atomic scale insights into the epitaxial growth mechanism of 2D Cr3Te4 on mica
Authors: Yang Hailin , Wu An , Yi Huaxin , Cao Weiwei , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei , Zou Yi-Chao
Published: December 2022

Epitaxial growth of high-quality two-dimensional Cr3Te4 crystals on mica was facilitated by a buffer layer of chromium oxide seed particles in chemical vapour deposition.
The influence of (H2O)1–2 in the HOBr + HO2 gas-phase reaction
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Liu Yongguo , Zhao Meilian , Sun Yuxi , Liu Shuxin
Published: December 2022

The HOBr + HO2 reaction in the absence of water has three different channels for the abstraction of H to generate the corresponding products.
Correction: Rapid prediction of possible inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease using docking and FPL simulations
Authors: Pham Minh Quan , Vu Khanh B. , Han Pham T. Ngoc , Thuy Huong Le Thi , Tran Linh Hoang , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Vu Van V. , Nguyen Trung Hai , Ngo Son Tung
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Rapid prediction of possible inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease using docking and FPL simulations’ by Minh Quan Pham et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 31991–31996, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA06212J.
Determination of the swimming mechanism of Au@TiO2 active matter and implications on active–passive interactions
Authors: Wang Linlin , Simmchen Juliane
Published: December 2022

Non-equilibrium dynamic assembly attracts considerable attention due to the possibility of forming diverse structures that can potentially lead to functional materials.
Vesicular self-assembly of copolymer-grafted nanoparticles with anisotropic shapes
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Yang Zhimao , He Jie , Kong Chuncai , Nie Zhihong
Published: December 2022

The packing of Au NCs within the vesicular membranes can be modulated by varying the relative ratio (R0/D) of the root-mean-square end-to-end distance (R0) of the PS block to the edge length (D) of the Au NCs.
Dynamics of a spherical self-propelled tracer in a polymeric medium: interplay of self-propulsion, stickiness, and crowding
Authors: Yadav Ramanand Singh , Das Chintu , Chakrabarti Rajarshi
Published: December 2022

We employ computer simulations to study the dynamics of a self-propelled spherical tracer particle in a viscoelastic medium, made of a long polymer chain.
One year of Environmental Science: Advances
Authors: Manaia Celia , Cai Zongwei , Jones Kevin C.
Published: December 2022

Editors-in-Chief Zongwei Cai, Kevin Jones and Celia M. Manaia reflect on the first year of Environmental Science: Advances.
Pain estimation with integrating global‐wise and region‐wise convolutional networks
Authors: Huang Dong , Xia Zhaoqiang , Li Lei , Ma Yupeng
Published: December 2022

Pain is a common phenomenon in clinical patients, which indicates patients are suffering from uncomfortable conditions for necessary treatments. So the assessment of pain status becomes a significant task in current medical institutions. Of late, various conventional hand‐crafted or deep learning methods on face images are presented to estimate pain intensity automatically. However, these approaches usually feed the whole face into the automatic estimation system and explore little information on the interdependencies of related regions during the formation of pain expression. In this paper, a hierarchical deep network (HDN) involving regional and holistic information simultaneously is proposed via two scale branches. In HDN, a region‐wise branch is designed to extract features from pain related regions of face images while a global‐wise branch explores the interdependencies of pain related regions. Besides, in global‐wise branch, a multi‐task learning method is employed to detect action units while estimating pain intensity. Finally, the pain estimation outputs of two branches are fused in a decision level. On current pain estimation benchmarks, it is empirically shown that the proposed HDN outperforms the existing methods and the essential components in HDN have key influences on final prediction.
Image‐based fall detection in bus compartment scene
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Ji Jiahui , Wang Li , He Zhonghe , Liu Shida
Published: December 2022

Bus, as an important means of public transportation, has always received attention for its safety. When an emergency occurs, fall behaviour is one of representative features to help alarm. However, compared with other open and fixed scenes, the bus compartment has its own characteristics, such as crowded, closed, in moving, and so on. Considering the problems of people blocked as well as light changes, this paper proposes a new image‐based fall detection method in bus compartment scene, which can be divided into three parts: (1) Human detection, where object detection and pose estimation algorithms are combined, and then both global and local human features can be obtained; (2) fall discrimination, where both of the fall discrimination conditions and fall discrimination network are designed; (3) alert, where an alarm strategy is designed. Experiments are done in a real bus, and the Nvidia Jetson Xavier NX module is used to analyse the videos and images. Results finally show that the proposed fall detection method in bus compartment scenes can achieve 90% accuracy.
Energy management and harmonic compensation of micro‐grids via multi‐agent systems based on decentralized control architecture
Authors: Salehirad Mohammadreza , Mollaie Emamzadeh Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Here, a new energy management strategy based on a multi‐agent structure is presented by introducing hybrid control of AC micro‐grid (MG), where current harmonics compensation is also considered. This energy management strategy is based on Mealy machine in a multi‐agent system (MAS), which is implemented by generating coordination signals and sending them to the renewable energy sources (RES). In RES, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or reverse of Hill‐climbing (RHC) is used based on these received coordination signals to limit the exchange power between the MG and the grid. Also, the multi‐agent structure of shunt active power filters (SAPFs) and passive filters have been studied in power MGs. The comparison of MG current harmonic compensation by these filters by fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm has been investigated in the proposed network. The simulation results show that the proposed energy management system (EMS) with proper management of MG different agents has been able to have a suitable performance for hybrid distributed generation (DG) systems. Also, the SAPF with better and more appropriate harmonic compensation than the SC‐RC‐LCL passive filter can eliminate the harmonic pollution of MG and be used with high performance in hybrid DG systems.
Blockchain-Based Land Record System
Authors: Vayadande Kuldeep , Shaikh Rahebar , Rothe Suraj , Patil Sangam , Baware Tanuj , Naik Sameer
Published: December 2022

In today’s world, having access to land records is a must and being able to see who owns the land property is important to allow crossverify ownership of the land in order for business purposes or for personal use. In India, maintaining the land record with the current population is a challenging task, and the current system was causing incomplete registries, leading to fraudulent activities. The current system being used by the government is inconsistent and has a lot of intermediaries who have access to the system and make changes to it. The use of Blockchain is increasing day by day, the government is trying to adopt technology, and web3.0 is the future we are heading; adding Land Records in Blockchain is very useful because it provides transparency for everyone. Allowing citizens to view the land record with a visual representation with maps will ensure everyone has access to these land records.
An IP Core of AMBA Bus Interface in HDL
Authors: Nagesh Sakshi , Mishra D. K. , Khatri Rajesh , Naik Amit
Published: December 2022

The AMBA on-chip bus architecture is a well-known open specification that explains how to connect and manage the functional units that make up a System-On-Chip (SoC). The design and implementation of an AHB Master, RAM, ROM, FIFO and Memory Controller implementation is proposed in this paper. It is primarily divided into two categories: operation initiator (AHB MASTER) and AHB SLAVE. Furthermore, AHB master generate the operation in burst mode, single transfer according to interface requirement and Address generator, generates the address in increment or wrap mode, as well as completing data transfers with an asymmetric asynchronous FIFO with variable data widths for read and write. A bridge between an AHB Master and an AHB slave will be demonstrated using a memory controller, and their outcome in terms of area and speed will be address ed. A finite state machine will be used to design the control framework. Xilinx Virtex 2 XC2VP40 will be used to implement the AHB Master and Slave IP.
„Borreliose ist in ganz Deutschland
verbreitet“
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Breinlinger Astrid
Published: December 2022

Rund jede dritte Zecke ist mit Borrelien infiziert und kann die Infektion an
Betroffene weitergeben. Dennoch wird die Erkrankung häufig falsch
oder erst sehr spät korrekt diagnostiziert. Borreliose und FSME Bund
Deutschland e. V. ist Deutschlands größte und bereits seit
über 25 Jahren aktive Patientenorganisation für
Lyme-Borreliose und von Zecken übertragene Krankheiten. Er
informiert Ratsuchende, hilft dabei, das Wissen rund um die Erkrankung zu
verbreiten, und unterstützt bei der Arztsuche. Professor Jan
Mehrholz interviewt die Vorsitzende, Dr. Astrid Breinlinger, zu Fragen rund
um eine Borreliose-Infektion.
White Paper – Verbesserung der Versorgungs- und
Behandlungsangebote für Menschen mit Sepsis- und
Infektionsfolgen
Authors: Fleischmann-Struzek Carolin , Rose Norman , Born Sebastian , Freytag Antje , Ditscheid Bianka , Storch Josephine , Schettler Anna , Schlattmann Peter , Wedekind Lisa , Pletz Mathias W. , Sänger Sylvia , Brunsmann Frank , Oehmichen Frank , Apfelbacher Christian , Drewitz Karl-Philipp , Piedmont Silke , Denke Claudia , Vollmar Horst C. , Schmidt Konrad , Landgraf Irmgard , Bodechtel Ulf , Trumann Arne , Hecker Ruth , Reinhart Konrad , Hartog Christiane S.
Published: December 2022

Hunderttausende Menschen mit Sepsis- und Infektionsfolgen werden derzeit in
Deutschland nicht optimal versorgt. Dieses White Paper stellt Maßnahmen
zur Verbesserung der Versorgung vor, die von einer multidisziplinären
Expertengruppe im Rahmen des Innovationsfonds-Projektes SEPFROK erarbeitet
wurden. Eine optimale Versorgung beruht auf 4 Säulen: 1. der
sektorenübergreifenden Erfassung der Folgen und einem strukturierten
Entlass- und Überleitungsmanagement, 2. einem gezielten Angebot von
interdisziplinärer Rehabilitation- und Nachsorge mit struktureller
Unterstützung, 3. der Stärkung der spezifischen
Gesundheitskompetenz von Betroffenen und Angehörigen und 4. der
Intensivierung der Forschung zu Ursachen, Prävention und Therapie der
Folgen. Hierfür müssen entsprechende
sektorenübergreifende Versorgungsstrukturen und sozialrechtliche
Rahmenbedingungen geschaffen werden.
Craniotomy or Craniectomy for Acute Subdural Hematoma? Difference in Patient Characteristics and Outcomes at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Anis Saad Bin , Khan Saad Akhtar , Mitha Rida , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad
Published: December 2022

Objective This article compares the outcomes of patients with traumatic acute subdural hemorrhage (SDH) managed either with craniotomy (CO) or with decompressive craniectomy (DC).

Methods In this single-center, retrospective analysis we included all adult patients with acute traumatic SDH who were treated either using CO or DC. Sixteen-year hospital data was reviewed for patient demographics, injury details, and hospital course. Outcomes were noted in terms of intraoperative blood loss, intensive care unit stay, need for tracheostomy, post-surgery Glasgow Coma Score (GCS; calculated immediately after surgery), delayed GCS (DGCS; calculated 1 week after surgery), and delayed Glasgow Outcome Score (DGOS) after 6 months of surgery. Postoperative complications were noted during hospital stay, while mortality was noted within 6 months of surgery for each patient.

Results Patients who underwent DC were younger (mean age 34.4 ± 16.8 years vs. 42.4 ± 19.9 years in the CO group) (p = 0.006). Patients who underwent DC also had worst degree of traumatic brain injury as per Marshall grade (62.4% patients with Marshall grade 4 in the DC group vs. only 41.2% patients in the CO group) (p = 0.037). Mean size of hematoma was 23.8 ± 24.6 mm in the DC group versus 11.3 ± 8.2 mm in the CO group (p = 0.001). Mean postop GCS was lower in the DC group; 8.0 ± 4 versus 10.8 ± 4 in the CO group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in DGCS and DGOS between the DC and CO groups (p = 0.76 and 0.90, respectively). Mortality rate was 24 (30.8%) in the DC group versus 18 (20.7%) in the CO group (p = 0.14).

Conclusion The patients who underwent DC were younger, had larger size hematoma, and poor Marshall grade. We did not find any significant difference in the outcomes of CO and DC for management of subdural hematoma.
Radiation-Induced Papillary Meningioma: A Case Report
Authors: Manivel Manoj Kumar , Vivek Visweswaran , Ganesh Krishnamurthy
Published: December 2022

Meningiomas are the most common tumors that develop following cranial radiotherapy. They have a shorter latency period and an aggressive behavior when compared with spontaneously occurring meningiomas. We report a 69-year-old male who underwent high-dose radiotherapy for recurrent pituitary adenoma and later developed temporal high-grade meningioma which was excised. Patient developed tumor bed bleed twice in the postoperative period and succumbed subsequently to the disease. After a thorough review of literature, this may be the second case of radiation-induced grade III papillary meningioma which has been reported.
Determination of the reflectivity of crystals by ptychography
Authors: Schulze Kai S.
Published: December 2022

The x-ray reflectivity of crystals is an important measure for their quality. Its knowledge is of interest for the development of materials as well as for the design of x-ray optical instruments, while the determination of the reflectivity curve is not trivial. This article presents an approach to retrieve the reflectivity curve of crystals based on ptychography. The method is demonstrated on the examples of silicon and diamond of which the reconstructed reflectivity curves agree well with theoretical expectations. Thus, this method offers promising perspectives in the detection of small crystalline defects and in the design of future instruments for x rays.
Microwave surface resistance in nanostructured high-Tc superconductor films
Authors: Pokusinskyi Anton , Kasatkin Alexander , Futimsky Serhii , Kalenyuk Oleksii , Boliasova Olha , Shapovalov Andrii
Published: December 2022

The impact of artificially created defects nanostructure, formed by implanted dielectric nanoparticles or irradiation defects, on microwave properties of high-Tc superconductor films is analyzed in the framework of phenomenological theory for microwave response of type-II superconductors. We have calculated the surface resistance for such a kind of nanostructured type-II superconductor film and investigated conditions for the emergence of nonlinear response caused by the entrance of microwave-induced vortices in the film's interior through its edges. The obtained results indicate that artificial defect nanostructure in the film's interior formed by point-like or columnar structural defects can significantly improve its microwave characteristics in both the Meissner and mixed states and also increase the threshold for the onset of nonlinear response.
Influence of key-slot structure on interior ballistic performance of low-velocity aircraft
Authors: Jian Wang , Shenshen Cheng , Jiang Kun
Published: December 2022

To investigate the interior ballistic performance of the cooperation of the guide slot and the guide key at a low velocity, a pressure-structure coupling method was put forward to obtain the effect of different structures. A lumped parameter model of an interior ballistic was utilized to govern the propellant combustion. The mechanical behaviors were predicted based on the engineering software ABAQUS. We coupled the interior ballistic parameters and the structures through moving boundaries by using a user subroutine interface VUAMP in ABAQUS. The results show that the coupling approach can accurately predict the movement process of the aircraft in the barrel, and different numbers of slots and different guide key structures were simulated. The fewer the slots, the smaller the resistance of the aircraft, but the corresponding guiding performance is poor. Inversely, more slots lead to the better guiding performance. Furthermore, different guide key structures have a greater impact on the exit velocity of the aircraft, but have little effect on the guiding performance. The guide key with edge rounding-off in side is a better structure case, which can obtain a stable rotational velocity and high launch speed on the premise of ensuring rigidity. The result can be applied to provide an important reference in determining reasonable numbers of slots and guide key structures for the application in engineering.
Three-body recombination of ultracold barium plasma created by two-step photoionization of atoms through an excited 6s6p P11 level
Authors: Kosarev N. I.
Published: December 2022

The kinetics of ionization and recombination of an ultracold barium plasma created in a two-step process, taking into account the transfer of resonant radiation in 3D cylindrical geometry, is studied by numerical simulation. At the first step, a pump laser excites the upper level of the resonant transition 6s2 S10↔6s6p P11 (λ1=553.5 nm). At the second step, the laser with quantum energy exceeding the ionization potential from the level 6s6p P11 (λ2=417.79  nm) ionizes the atoms. A scheme is proposed for increasing the efficiency of electron yield: at the second ionization step, the laser radiation with frequency corresponding to the continuum from the metastable D32 is used. The electron temperature from the initial value 0.1 K during the action of the pump and ionizing lasers increases by more than 200 times due to superelastic processes. As a result, the time of three-body recombination of plasma increases significantly. The results of numerical simulation indirectly confirm the fact of Killian et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(23), 4776 (1999)] that the deceleration of recombination of ultracold xenon plasma can be explained by the heating of electrons in superelastic quenching collisions.