bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated, image-based disease measurement for phenotyping resistance to soybean frogeye leaf spot
Authors: McDonald Samuel C. , Buck James , Li Zenglu
Published: August 2022

Background

Frogeye leaf spot is a disease of soybean, and there are limited sources of crop genetic resistance. Accurate quantification of resistance is necessary for the discovery of novel resistance sources, which can be accelerated by using a low-cost and easy-to-use image analysis system to phenotype the disease. The objective herein was to develop an automated image analysis phenotyping pipeline to measure and count frogeye leaf spot lesions on soybean leaves with high precision and resolution while ensuring data integrity.

Results

The image analysis program developed measures two traits: the percent of diseased leaf area and the number of lesions on a leaf. Percent of diseased leaf area is calculated by dividing the number of diseased pixels by the total number of leaf pixels, which are segmented through a series of color space transformations and pixel value thresholding. Lesion number is determined by counting the number of objects remaining in the image when the lesions are segmented. Automated measurement of the percent of diseased leaf area deviates from the manually measured value by less than 0.05% on average. Automatic lesion counting deviates by an average of 1.6 lesions from the manually counted value. The proposed method is highly correlated with a conventional method using a 1–5 ordinal scale based on a standard area diagram. Input image compression was optimal at a resolution of 1500 × 1000 pixels. At this resolution, the image analysis method proposed can process an image in less than 10 s and is highly concordant with uncompressed images.

Conclusion

Image analysis provides improved resolution over conventional methods of frogeye leaf spot disease phenotyping. This method can improve the precision and resolution of phenotyping frogeye leaf spot, which can be used in genetic mapping to identify QTLs for crop genetic resistance and in breeding efforts for resistance to the disease.
Therapeutic material basis and underling mechanisms of Shaoyao Decoction-exerted alleviation effects of colitis based on GPX4-regulated ferroptosis in epithelial cells
Authors: Li Juan , Tian Xiangge , Liu Jinming , Mo Yuying , Guo Xiaoyi , Qiu Yang , Liu Yuejian , Ma Xiaochi , Wang Yan , Xiong Yongjian
Published: August 2022

Background

Shaoyao Decoction (SYD) is a canonical herbal medicine prescription formulated by Liu Wan-Su in AD 1186. SYD has been widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease by clearing heat and damp, removing stasis toxin in the intestine; however, the precise mechanisms and therapeutic material basis remain largely unclear. In the present study, we measured the effects of SYD on colitis symptom, epithelial barrier function, epithelial ferroptosis, colonic protein and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in colitis model, and determined whether SYD restored barrier loss in colitis by modulation of GPX4-regulated ferroptosis pathway.

Methods

Colitis was established by infusion with 1 mL 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) dissolved in ethanol (40% v/v) in rats at a 125 mg/kg dose. Ferroptosis in epithelial cells was determined by flow cytometer. GPX4 promoter-firefly luciferase fusion construct was transfected to Caco-2 cell to determine GPX4 transcription. MS analysis was used to identified ingredients in SYD.

Results

Different doses of SYD significantly alleviated colitis, decreased ferroptosis in epithelial cells, knockout of GPX4 significantly reversed SYD-induced alleviation effects on colitis, restoration of epithelial barrier function, and epithelial ferroptosis. Wogonoside, wogonin, palmatine, paeoniflorin and liquiritin were identified as active ingredients of SYD-exerted alleviation effects of colitis based on GPX4 agonistic transcription.

Conclusion

SYD alleviated chemically induced colitis by activation of GPX4, inhibition of ferroptosis in epithelial cells and further restoration of barrier function. Wogonoside, wogonin, palmatine, paeoniflorin and liquiritin were identified as the key therapeutic material basis of SYD-exerted anti-colitis effects. The findings provide a scientific basis for the therapeutic effect of SYD on colitis.
MAFLD associated with COPD via systemic inflammation independent of aging and smoking in men
Authors: Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Nakano Dan , Kawaguchi Machiko , Hashida Ryuki , Yoshinaga Shinobu , Takahashi Hirokazu , Anzai Keizo , Kawaguchi Takumi
Published: August 2022

Background and aim

Metabolic dysfunction and associated systemic inflammation are risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COPD is highly prevalent in men. We investigated the impact of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and MAFLD-related systemic inflammation on COPD in men.

Methods

We enrolled 2,041 men with fatty liver. Patients were classified into the COPD (n = 420/2041) and non-COPD (n = 1621/2041) groups. COPD and its high-risk group were diagnosed using the Japanese Respiratory Society Disease statement. Systemic inflammation was evaluated using the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio. Independent factors for COPD were investigated by multivariate analysis and decision-tree analysis.

Results

The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly higher in the COPD group than in the non-COPD group. In multivariable analysis, in addition to heavy smoking and aging, MAFLD was identified as an independent factor for COPD (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.020–2.101, P = 0.0385). Decision-tree analysis showed that MAFLD, rather than heavy smoking, was the most influential classifier for COPD in non-elderly men (14% in MAFLD vs 6% in non-MAFLD groups). MAFLD was also the second most influential factor in elderly men who were not heavy smokers. In both groups, the CRP/albumin ratio was the first classifier for COPD (16% in the high CRP/albumin ratio group vs 3% in the low CRP/albumin ratio group of non-elderly men).

Conclusions

MAFLD is an independent predictor of COPD in men. MAFLD had a significant impact on COPD through systemic inflammation in men of all ages who were not heavy smokers. MAFLD may be useful to broadly identify COPD in men.
Advances of cancer-associated fibroblasts in liver cancer
Authors: Peng Hao , Zhu Erwei , Zhang Yewei
Published: August 2022

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, it is ranked sixth in incidence and fourth in mortality. According to the distinct origin of malignant tumor cells, liver cancer is mainly divided into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Since most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, the prognosis of liver cancer is poor. Tumor growth depends on the dynamic interaction of various cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As the most abundant components of tumor stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been involved in the progression of liver cancer. The interplay between CAFs and tumor cells, immune cells, or vascular endothelial cells in the TME through direct cell-to-cell contact or indirect paracrine interaction, affects the initiation and development of tumors. Additionally, CAFs are not a homogeneous cell population in liver cancer. Recently, single-cell sequencing technology has been used to help better understand the diversity of CAFs in liver cancer. In this review, we mainly update the knowledge of CAFs both in HCC and CCA, including their cell origins, chemoresistance, tumor stemness induction, tumor immune microenvironment formation, and the role of tumor cells on CAFs. Understanding the context-dependent role of different CAFs subsets provides new strategies for precise liver cancer treatment.
Counting the cost of public and philanthropic R&D funding: the case of olaparib
Authors: Schmidt L. , Sehic O. , Wild C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Lack of transparency around manufacturing costs, who bears the bulk of research and development costs and how total costs relate to the pricing of products, continue to fuel debates. This paper considers the case of olaparib (Lynparza®), recently indicated for use among BRCA-mutant breast cancer patients, and estimates the extent of public and philanthropic R&D funding.

Methods

We know from previous work that attempting to ascertain the amount of public and philanthropic funding using purely bibliographic sources (i.e., authors’ declarations of funding sources and amounts traced through funders) is limited. Since we knew that a publically funded research unit was pivotal in developing olaparib, we decided to supplement bibliographic data with a Freedom of Information request for administrative records on research funding data from this research centre.

Research

In terms of stages of product development, work conducted in the pre-clinical research stage was the most likely to report non-industry funding (> 90% of pre-clinical projects received public or philanthropic funding). Clinical trials were least likely to be funded through non-industry sources—although even here, contrary to the popular assertion that this is wholly industry-financed, we found public or philanthropic funding declared by 23% of clinical trials. Using information reported in the publications, we identified approximately £128 million of public and philanthropic funding that may have contributed to the development of olaparib. However, this amount was less than one-third of the total amount received by one research institute playing a pivotal role in product discovery. The Institute of Cancer Research reported receiving 38 funding awards to support olaparib work for BRCA-mutant breast cancer totalling over £400 million.

Conclusions

Government or charitable funding of pharmaceutical product development is difficult to trace using publicly available sources, due to incomplete information provided by authors and/or a lack of consistency in funding information made available by funders. This study has shown that a Freedom of Information request, in countries where such requests are supported, can provide information to help build the picture of financial support. In the example of olaparib, the funding amounts directly reported considerably exceeded amounts that could be ascertained using publically available bibliographic sources.
How does a data strategy enable customer value? The case of FinTechs and traditional banks under the open finance framework
Authors: Grassi Laura , Figini Nicolas , Fedeli Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

The coupling of data and digital innovation opens the way for new business in the financial services sector, where customers are placed at the centre of decisions and data can help to develop customer knowledge. To carry out our research, we adopted a multi-case study approach to explore how a data strategy is developed in the retail banking industry, together with its relationship with customer value, paying particular attention to the heterogeneity between traditional banks and financial technology companies (FinTechs). Two main points emerged from the study. Firstly, there are three possible approaches to Open Finance, which are mainly defined by their different corporate cultures, organisational configurations, technological architecture and data value. Secondly, it is not enough to be a FinTech to be best placed to exploit the market, as some traditional banks share the FinTechs’ approach to Open Finance. Designing new tailored products, customising their prices and offering them over the right channels through targeted communication are all data-driven initiatives that stem from cross- or up-selling potential, core to the retail banking industry for turning a customer into a cash flow, thus enabling value to be created for customers. Our findings additionally revealed that there is a form of external information asymmetry between the customer and the bank, and that there is also an internal asymmetry between bank departments, as their visibility on information about the same customer may differ.
iRhom2 regulates ERBB signalling to promote KRAS-driven tumour growth of lung cancer cells
Authors: Sieber Boris , Lu Fangfang , Stribbling Stephen M. , Grieve Adam G. , Ryan Anderson J. , Freeman Matthew
Published: August 2022

Dysregulation of the ERBB/EGFR signalling pathway causes multiple types of cancer. Accordingly, ADAM17, the primary shedding enzyme that releases and activates ERBB ligands, is tightly regulated. It has recently become clear that iRhom proteins, inactive members of the rhomboid-like superfamily, are regulatory cofactors for ADAM17. Here, we show that oncogenic KRAS mutants target the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom2 (also known as RHBDF2) to induce ADAM17-dependent shedding and the release of ERBB ligands. Activation of ERK1/2 by oncogenic KRAS induces the phosphorylation of iRhom2, recruitment of the phospho-binding 14-3-3 proteins, and consequent ADAM17-dependent shedding of ERBB ligands. In addition, cancer-associated mutations in iRhom2 act as sensitisers in this pathway by further increasing KRAS-induced shedding of ERBB ligands. This mechanism is conserved in lung cancer cells, where iRhom activity is required for tumour xenograft growth. In this context, the activity of oncogenic KRAS is modulated by the iRhom2-dependent release of ERBB ligands, thus placing the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom2 as a central component of a positive feedback loop in lung cancer cells.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Overdose symptoms and positive affect in never-established smokers are moderated by nicotine patch type: A between-subjects experimental investigation
Authors: Gilbert David G. , Stone Bryant M. , Rabinovich Norka E.
Published: August 2022

Background: A growing number of studies have assessed the effects of acute nicotine on affect, cognition, and brain activity in never-established smokers in attempts to identify mechanisms by which nicotine promotes progression to dependence. However, these acute administration studies have not adequately addressed the problem of potential adverse side effects due to lack of tolerance, such as nausea, feelings of sickness, lightheadedness, and general negative affect and malaise – a term referred to as nicotine overdose events (NODEs). Thus, we report the first study to carefully characterize the prevalence, intensity, and effects of NODEs in never-established-smokers after acute nicotine administration.

Methods: We compared the subjective effects of two different 7 mg nicotine patches that have different pharmacokinetics on never-established smokers (n = 67). One patch produces gradual increases in blood nicotine and the other produces more rapid increases in blood nicotine.

Results: The findings suggest that in never-smokers, the lowest dose (7 mg) of rapid blood nicotine-rise patches are associated with a high prevalence of NODEs (45.83%) and decreased positive affect (PA) (54.17%) compared to a placebo patch (8.34% for NODEs and 33.34% for PA). The slow-rise patch did not significantly affect nicotine overdose symptoms or PA.

Conclusions: Fast blood-rise nicotine patches may not be an ecologically valid method of nicotine delivery to never-smokers, while slow-rise nicotine patches, lower dose, and self-paced dosing may be more appropriate in this population. Findings also highlight the importance of the careful assessment of NODES in this population.
Competing for Recommendations: The Strategic Impact of Personalized Product Recommendations in Online Marketplaces
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zou Tianxin
Published: August 2022

The paper studies how personalized product recommendations and their accuracy affect seller competition in an online marketplace.
A Case of DiHSS/DRESS Syndrome-Related Acute Hepatic Failure
Authors: ÖZPINAR Şeyma , KALAYCIK ŞENGÜL Özlem , AYDIN Emine Bilge , BEKEN Burçin
Published: August 2022

‘Drug Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome’ (DiHS) or ‘Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms’ (DRESS) syndrome is a life threatening, delayed type drug hypersensitivity reaction. This syndrome is characterized by fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, hematological abnormalities and visceral involvement and liver is the most frequently involved visceral organ. Liver involvement is mostly presented as acute anicteric hepatitis with elevated liver enzymes. Rarely, it can be presented as cholestasis which indicates a worse prognosis. In this article, a case of valproic acid induced-DRESS syndrome who presented with acute hepatic failure is presented. Diagnosis of DRESS syndrome may delay due to the long interval between drug intake and the onset of symptoms. The variety of symptoms can also be challenging. Early diagnosis is important in terms of reducing morbidity and mortality.
Intra-Canopy Sensing Using Multi-Rotor sUAS: A New Approach for Crop Stress Detection and Diagnosis
Authors: Wiegman Christopher R. , Venkatesh Ramarao , Shearer Scott A.
Published: August 2022

Highlights

A novel platform was developed for intra-canopy insertion of sensors from a multi-rotor sUAS.

The system enables real-time data acquisition from inside the crop canopy comparable to an in-person view.

The system provides ideal data for use in modern CNN-based stress diagnosis in row crop production.

Abstract. Remote sensing is a critical tool in precision agriculture, giving producers the ability to monitor field conditions throughout the growing season. Although several remote sensing platforms are in use today, small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) provide the greatest flexibility with the highest resolution. As sUAS capabilities continue to increase (i.e., payload, flight time, and speed), their potential in commercial row crop production is substantial. However, like other forms of remote sensing, traditional sUAS are limited to a nadir view of the target and only capture the top of the crop canopy. Although disease epidemiology and stress origins vary, this limited view usually does not capture the impact of stress at the initial manifestation. For example, stresses such as macronutrient deficiencies in corn originate at the base of the plant and then move upward as nutrients translocate. By the time the stress is detectable at the top of the canopy, the opportunity to mitigate yield loss is limited. A new sUAS platform is needed for sensing beneath the upper portion of the canopy. The Stinger platform, developed to meet this need, consists of a 4.0 m fiberglass rod, custom sensor mount, communication network, and radio link. Using this platform, a variety of sensors can be inserted into the crop canopy from a hovering sUAS. The Stinger platform, when combined with artificial intelligence (AI), significantly expands the capabilities of sUAS for diagnosis of crop stress in row crop production. Keywords: Intra-canopy sensing, Remote sensing, RGB imagery, Stress diagnosis, sUAS.
Ultrahigh frame rate digital light projector using chip-scale LED-on-CMOS technology
Authors: Bani Hassan Navid , Dehkhoda Fahimeh , Xie Enyuan , Herrnsdorf Johannes , Strain Michael J. , Henderson Robert , Dawson Martin D.
Published: August 2022

Digital light projector systems are crucial components in applications, including computational imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and highly parallel data communications. Current technology based on digital micromirror displays are limited to absolute frame rates in the few tens of kiloframes per second and require the use of external light sources and coupling optics. Furthermore, to realize gray-scale pixel values using duty cycle control, frame rates are reduced proportionally to the number of gray levels required. Here we present a self-emissive chip-scale projector system based on micro-LED pixels directly bonded to a smart pixel CMOS drive chip. The

128
×
128

pixel array can project binary patterns at up to 0.5 Mfps and toggle between two stored frames at megahertz rates. The projector has a 5-bit gray-scale resolution that can be updated at up to 83 kfps, and can be held in memory as a constant bias for the binary pattern projection. Additionally, the projector can be operated in a pulsed mode, with individual pixels emitting pulses down to a few nanoseconds in duration. Again, this mode can be used in conjunction with the high-speed spatial pattern projection. As a demonstration of the data throughput achievable with this system, we present an optical camera communications application, exhibiting data rates of

>
5
  
Gb
/
s

.
Taming quantum dots’ nucleation and growth enables stable and efficient blue-light-emitting devices
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Hu Junxia , Tang Liping , Lyu Bingbing
Published: August 2022

Controlling quantum dots’ emission, nanostructure, and energy level alignment to achieve stable and efficient blue emission is of great significance for electroluminescence devices but remains a challenge. Here, a series of blue ZnCdSeS/ZnS quantum dots was optimized in preparation by taming their nucleation and growth kinetics. Controlling anion precursor reactive properties to modulate quantum dots’ nucleation and growth tailors their alloy core and continuous gradient energy band nanostructure. These results not only elevate the thermal stability of blue quantum dots but also further enhance the injection/transportation of carriers and improve the radiative recombination efficiency in the device. The blue ZnCdSeS/ZnS quantum dots applied in light-emitting devices show superior performance, including maximum current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of, respectively, 8.2 cd/A and 15.8% for blue, 2.6 cd/A and 10.0% for blue-violet, and 10.9 cd/A and 13.4% for sky-blue devices. The blue and sky-blue devices exhibit lifetimes of more than 10,000 h. The proposed methodology for tailoring quantum dots is expected to pave new guidelines for further facilitating visible optoelectronic device exploration.
Hong–Ou–Mandel interference linking independent room-temperature quantum memories
Authors: Zhang Chao-Ni , Li Hang , Dou Jian-Peng , Lu Feng , Yang Hong-Zhe , Pang Xiao-Ling , Jin Xian-Min
Published: August 2022

To realize a large-scale quantum network, both quantum memory and the interference of retrieved indistinguishable photons are essentially required to perform multi-photon synchronization and quantum-interference-mediated entanglement swapping. Significant progress has been achieved in low-temperature and well-isolated systems. However, linking independent quantum memories at room temperature remain challenging. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between single photons from two independent room-temperature quantum memories. We manage to simultaneously operate two such quantum memories and individually obtain a memory-built-in quantum correlation of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons by a far-off-resonance Duan–Lukin–Cirac–Zoller protocol. We also successfully enhance the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference rate up to about 15 times by increasing each photon rate, which is achieved by coordinating two quantum memories with a repeat-until-success fashion. We observe the visibility of quantum interference up to 75.0% without reduction of any background noise, well exceeding the classical limit of 50%. Our results, together with its straightforward, broadband, and room-temperature features, open up a promising way towards realizing large-scale quantum networks at ambient conditions.
The EICAT+ framework enables classification of positive impacts of alien taxa on native biodiversity
Authors: Vimercati Giovanni , Probert Anna F. , Volery Lara , Bernardo-Madrid Ruben , Bertolino Sandro , Céspedes Vanessa , Essl Franz , Evans Thomas , Gallardo Belinda , Gallien Laure , González-Moreno Pablo , Grange Marie Charlotte , Hui Cang , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Katsanevakis Stelios , Kühn Ingolf , Kumschick Sabrina , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Rieseberg Loren , Robinson Tamara B. , Saul Wolf-Christian , Sorte Cascade J. B. , Vilà Montserrat , Wilson John R. U. , Bacher Sven
Published: August 2022

Species introduced through human-related activities beyond their native range, termed alien species, have various impacts worldwide. The IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is a global standard to assess negative impacts of alien species on native biodiversity. Alien species can also positively affect biodiversity (for instance, through food and habitat provisioning or dispersal facilitation) but there is currently no standardized and evidence-based system to classify positive impacts. We fill this gap by proposing EICAT+, which uses 5 semiquantitative scenarios to categorize the magnitude of positive impacts, and describes underlying mechanisms. EICAT+ can be applied to all alien taxa at different spatial and organizational scales. The application of EICAT+ expands our understanding of the consequences of biological invasions and can inform conservation decisions.
A PARI fehérje szerepe a rekombináció-függő folyamatok szabályozásában elakadt replikációs villa esetén
Authors: Hegedűs Lili
Published: August 2022

Egy DNS-hiba következtében elakadt replikációs villa menekítése többféleképpen is megvalósulhat a sejtekben. Az, hogy melyik útvonal aktív, szigorú szabályozás alatt áll, hiszen nem mindegy, hogy a sejtekben egy gyors, ám mutagén transzléziós szintézis zajlik vagy éppen egy bonyolult struktúrákon végbemenő, de pontos másolást lehetővé tevő templátváltás. Ezen mechanizmusok közötti molekuláris kapcsoló a PCNA fehérje, illetve annak poszttranszlációs módosításai. Míg ubiquitilációja a DNS-hibatolerancia útvonalakat aktiválja, addig SUMOilációja a rekombináció-függő folyamatot gátolja. Utóbbiban élesztőben végzett vizsgálatok alapján fontos szerepet tölt be az Srs2 fehérje, több szinten hatva. Helikáz aktivitása révén részt vesz a D-hurok szétszerelésében, SUMOilált PCNA-függő módon pedig a D-hurok meghosszabbítását gátolja. Humán sejtekben ezeket a funkciókat több fehérje látja el, melyek közül a PARI-ról mutatták ki, hogy kölcsönhatásba lép a SUMOilált PCNA-vel. Munkánk során azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a PARI fehérje milyen molekuláris mechanizmusok révén valósítja meg a homológ rekombináció gátlását az elakadt replikációs villa menekítésekor: a D-hurok meghosszabbításának gátlása során megakadályozza, hogy a homológ szakaszról hosszasan történjen meg a duplikáció, lecsökkentve az esélyét az átkereszteződéseknek és meggátolva a további rekombinációs eseményeket és az esetleges genomi átrendeződéseket.
Hydrogeophysical and hydrogeochemical characterization of volcanic aquifers in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Mulugeta Chanie
Published: August 2022

Etiópia lakossági vízigényének kielégítése döntően a felszín alatti vízkészleteken alapul. Ugyanakkor a csapadék, az éghajlat, a topográfiai és hidrogeológiai tényezők együttes vizsgálata óriási kihívást jelent ezen létfontosságú erőforrás hatékony hasznosításához. A vizsgálati területemet ké-pező, változatos morfológiájú, északnyugat-etiópiai Dangila városának térségét a kutak folyamatos meghibásodása és alacsony hozama jellemezte az elmúlt évtizedekben. A terciert és a negyedidő-szakot felölelő korszakban lezajlott vulkánkitörések rendkívül összetett talajvíztároló jelleget eredményeztek. A tároló képződmény komplexitása, valamint a csapadék időszakossága a talajvíz elő- fordulásának, minőségének, mennyiségének és a víztartó réteg paramétereinek változásait okozza akár néhány száz méteres távolságon belül. Az Etióp-magasföld édesvíz készletét rejtő vulkanikus víztárolók számos kihívást jelentettek a fenntartható gazdálkodással kapcsolatban, ami a felszín alatti vizek kutatására ösztönzött. Munkám során, a vulkanikus víztartó rétegek bonyolult természete komplex megközelítést igé- nyelt, melyhez általam gyűjtött mérési adatokat és különböző forrású információkat használtam fel. Számos vizsgálati megközelítést alkalmaztam, beleértve a meglévő fúrások, kőzetfeltárások vizsgálatát; hidrokémiai-, stabilizotóp elemzéseket, felszínközeli geo-mágneses és vertikális elektromos szondázást, valamint szivattyúteszt elemzési technikákat. Emellett felmértem az új száloptikai technológiák alkalmazhatóságát a komplex geometriájú víztartó rendszerek megértésében. Ennek eredményeképpen megvizsgáltam a talajvíztartó réteg jellemzőit, a hidraulikai paramétereket, a vízminőséget, valamint a talajvíz ivóvíz- és öntözési célú felhasználásra való alkalmasságát. Tanulmányoztam a talajvíz kémiáját befolyásoló tényezőket, a talajvízben lévő ionok forrásait, a kőzet-víz kölcsönhatásokat és a talajvíz alakulását. Vizsgáltam továbbá az utánpótlódáshoz szükséges csapadékforrásokat, a talajvíz előfordulását és mozgását meghatározó jellemzőket, a beáramlási és kiáramlási területeket, valamint további kutak létesítésének lehetséges helyeit. Végül, a felszín alatti vízkészlet jövőbeni fenntartható hasznosítása érdekében, koncepcionális felszínalattivízáramlási modellt dolgoztam ki.
A study of the precipitation of cerium oxide synthesized from rare earth sources used as the catalyst for biodiesel production
Authors: Hasakul Teerapat , Piticharoenphun Sunthon , Rattanaphra Dussadee , Nuchdang Sasikarn , Kingkam Wilasinee
Published: August 2022

This work aimed to study the preparation of cerium oxide (CeO2) used as the catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil. The precipitation method was used in the catalyst synthesis. The effects of oxalic concentrations and stirring rates in the precipitation process were investigated. Oxalic acid was added into cerium (Ce) in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution to form Ce oxalate before the Ce oxalate was calcined to obtain CeO2. The results showed that oxalic concentrations and stirring rates slightly affect the morphology of CeO2. However, these parameters considerably affect the amount of basic sites of CeO2. The basicity of CeO2 plays the main role in catalyzing the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. When CeO2 was used as the catalyst in biodiesel production from palm oil under operating conditions using a 5% catalyst, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 30:1, reaction temperature of 150°C, 13.8 bars, and 3-h reaction time, CeO2 obtained from 3% oxalic concentration and 400 rpm stirring rates in the precipitation process provided the highest %FAME in the range of 93.9–94.2% since it had higher basicity. In addition, the decrease in surface area of CeO2 after the use was less severe than that of basicity due to catalyst deactivation.
Features of the fluoride behavior in the snow cover under the action of technological and weather conditions
Authors: Ianchenko Natalia I.
Published: August 2022

This article summarizes the results of systematization of monitoring heterogeneous weather records (1961–2014) and interpretation of long-term observations of fluoride ion concentration in the snow cover of an area susceptible to emissions from an aluminum smelter in 2000–2014. The monitoring was carried out by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia. The trends and correlation coefficients established in this study show that F concentration in the snow cover is affected by the following concurrent factors: distance from the emission source, amount of atmospheric precipitation, air temperature and duration of thaws during the period starting from formation of a stable snow cover to the date of sampling. These results emphasize the need to consider the weather factor in the future in the annual comparison of fluoride ion concentrations in the snow cover in order to increase the reliability of data on the changes in fluorine emissions from an aluminum smelter over many years.
Diversity and biogeography of planktonic diatoms in Svalbard fjords: The role of dispersal and Arctic endemism in phytoplankton community structuring
Authors: Šupraha Luka , Klemm Kerstin , Gran-Stadniczeñko Sandra , Hörstmann Cora , Vaulot Daniel , Edvardsen Bente , John Uwe
Published: August 2022

Understanding the processes that shape the community structure of Arctic phytoplankton is crucial for predicting responses of Arctic ecosystems to the ongoing ocean warming. In particular, little is known about the importance of phytoplankton dispersal by the North Atlantic Current and the prevalence and maintenance of Arctic endemism. We investigated the diversity and biogeography of diatoms from five Svalbard fjords and the Hausgarten observatory (Fram Strait) by combining diatom cultivation and 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding. In total, 50 diatom strains were isolated from the area during the HE492 cruise in August 2017. The strains were identified taxonomically using molecular and morphological approaches, and their biogeographic distribution was mapped using the local metabarcoding dataset and a global compilation of published metabarcoding datasets. Biogeographic analysis was also conducted for the locally most abundant diatom metabarcoding amplicon sequence variants. The biogeographic analyses demonstrated that Arctic diatoms exhibit three general biogeographic distribution types: Arctic, Arctic-temperate, and cosmopolitan. At Hausgarten and in outer Isfjorden on the west coast of Svalbard, the communities were dominated by genotypes with Arctic-temperate and cosmopolitan distribution. Diatom communities in nearby Van Mijenfjorden, inner Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden were dominated by genotypes with Arctic-temperate distribution, and cosmopolitan species were less abundant. The genotypes endemic to the Arctic had lower abundance on the west coast of Svalbard. The two northernmost fjords (Woodfjorden and Wijdefjorden) had a higher abundance of genotypes endemic to the Arctic. Our results demonstrate that the diatom communities in the Svalbard area consist of genotypes endemic to the Arctic, and genotypes with broader biogeographic distribution, all of which are further structured by local environmental gradients. Finer biogeographic patterns observed within Arctic-temperate and cosmopolitan genotypes suggest that certain genotypes can be used as indicators of increasing influence of Atlantic waters on the phytoplankton community structure in the Svalbard area.
Use of a Clinical Guideline and Orderset to Reduce Hospital Admissions for Croup
Authors: Hester Gabrielle , Nickel Amanda J. , Watson David , Maalouli Walid , Bergmann Kelly R.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Studies have found infrequent interventions after croup admission. Our objectives were to achieve 25% reduction in (1) admission rate and (2) neck radiograph utilization among patients presenting to the emergency department.

METHODS

At our tertiary children’s hospital, we implemented clustered interventions including education, guideline, and orderset integration. We included patients 3 months to 8 years old with an emergency department, observation, or inpatient encounter for croup. We excluded patients with direct or ICU admissions, complex chronic conditions, or concurrent asthma, pneumonia, or bronchiolitis. We reviewed a random sample of 60% of encounters from baseline (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2019) and implementation (October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020) periods. We conducted a posthoc analysis from October 1, 2017 to December 1, 2021 to assess sustainment during coronavirus disease 2019. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate changes in outcome, process, and balancing measures.

RESULTS

There were 2906 (2123 baseline and 783 implementation) encounters included. Extrapolating preintervention trend estimates, the baseline admission rate of 8.7% decreased to 5.5% postintervention (relative decrease 37% [95% confidence interval: 8 to 66]) and sustained over 26 months after implementation. Admission rate in patients receiving 2 or fewer racemic epinephrine was significantly lower in implementation (1.7%) compared with baseline (6.3%), relative decrease of 72% (95% confidence interval: 68 to 88). There were no significant changes in neck radiographs, length of stay, or revisits.

CONCLUSIONS

Croup quality improvement interventions were associated with a significant decrease in hospital admissions with no increase in revisits.
Stability, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of surfactant-assisted enzymatically extracted tiger nut milk
Authors: Adedeji O.E. , Yohanna K. , Adedeji O.G. , Yunusa B.M. , Ango A.N.
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the effect of surfactant-assisted enzymatic extraction on the quality of tiger nut milk (TNM). TNM was extracted from tiger nuts using different concentrations of xylanase (0.010–0.100%) and Tween 20 (0.005–0.010%). The yield, stability, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties of the samples were determined. The yield of TNM significantly increased, by 32.72–50.67%, following surfactant-assisted enzymatic extraction. Optimum yield and stability of TNM were obtained using 0.010% xylanase and Tween 20. Enzymatic extraction significantly increased total sugar and flavonoids, however, starch, dietary fibre, protein, carotenoids, lycopene, total phenolic content, and antioxidant properties reduced significantly. The incorporation of Tween 20 stabilised these parameters. There was no significant difference in panellists' preference for the control (sample extracted without enzyme and surfactant), enzymatically-extracted, and surfactant-assisted enzymatic extracted samples in mouthfeel and aroma, however, the surfactant-assisted enzymatic extracted sample was most preferred in colour, consistency, taste, and overall acceptability. Using surfactant-assisted enzymatic extraction could prove invaluable for the production of TNM.
Blocking CCL8-CCR8–Mediated Early Allograft Inflammation Improves Kidney Transplant Function
Authors: Dangi Anil , Husain Irma , Jordan Collin Z. , Yu Shuangjin , Natesh Naveen , Shen Xiling , Kwun Jean , Luo Xunrong
Published: August 2022

Significance Statement

In a mouse allograft model, the CCL8-CCR8 axis mediated early kidney inflammation through donor kidney resident macrophages. The revealed therapeutic targets could expand the transplantable donor kidney pool and promote kidney allograft longevity.

Background

In kidney transplantation, early allograft inflammation impairs long-term allograft function. However, precise mediators of early kidney allograft inflammation are unclear, making it challenging to design therapeutic interventions.

Methods

We used an allogeneic murine kidney transplant model in which CD45.2 BALB/c kidneys were transplanted to CD45.1 C57BL/6 recipients.

Results

Donor kidney resident macrophages within the allograft expanded rapidly in the first 3 days. During this period, they were also induced to express a high level of Ccl8, which, in turn, promoted recipient monocyte graft infiltration, their differentiation to resident macrophages, and subsequent expression of Ccl8. Enhanced graft infiltration of recipient CCR8+ T cells followed, including CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells. Consequently, blocking CCL8-CCR8 or depleting donor kidney resident macrophages significantly inhibits early allograft immune cell infiltration and promotes superior short-term allograft function.

Conclusions

Targeting the CCL8-CCR8 axis is a promising measure to reduce early kidney allograft inflammation.
O impacto da pandemia na cobertura das eleições municipais de 2020 no Bom Dia Paraíba
Authors: De Siqueira Fabiana Cardoso , Nunes Felipe da Silva
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo, analisamos os impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 na cobertura das eleições de 2020, no Bom Dia Paraíba, telejornal da TV Cabo Branco, afiliada da Rede Globo na Paraíba. A editoria de política é uma marca histórica do programa. O estudo, baseado em análise de conteúdo, entrevistas e referencial teórico sobre jornalismo político, aponta quais foram os impactos: mudanças na relação entre fontes e jornalistas e predominância de temas ligados ao coronavírus durante a campanha eleitoral.
Participação popular na produção e compartilhamento de informação: caso #CoronaVirusBrasil + "Bolsonaro" no Twitter
Authors: Empinotti Marina Lisboa , Paulino Rita de Cássia Romeiro , Seruffo Marcos César da Rocha , Pires Yomara Pinheiro , De Souza Kennedy Edson Silva
Published: August 2022

Neste artigo investigamos a participação popular na produção e compartilhamento de informação no Twitter. Através da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) reunimos comentários com a palavra "Bolsonaro" e #CoronaVirusBrasil a partir do pronunciamento do presidente Jair Bolsonaro ocorrido na noite do dia 23/03/2020. Adotamos a ferramenta Netlytic, que nos proporcionou análises e percepções dos 53.329 tweets postados entre os dias 24/03/2020 e 28/03/2020.
The Effect of Sulfonate and Phosphate Anionic Monomers of Water Reducing Admixtures on Fresh State and Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: ALTUN Muhammet Gökhan , ÖZEN Süleyman , KARAKUZU Kemal , MARDANİ Ali
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, polikarboksilat-eter esaslı su azaltıcı katkının anyonik monomer içeriğinin kendiliğinden yerleşebilen beton (KYB) karışımlarının çeşitli taze ve sertleşmiş hal özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, anyonik monomeri %100 karboksilat olan kontrol katkısına ilaveten, kontrol katkısının anyonik monomerinin %10 ve %30 oranında sülfonat ve fosfat ile ikame edilmesiyle birbirinden farklı 5 adet su azaltıcı katkı sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, su azaltıcı katkı anyonik monomerinin sülfonat ile ikame edilmesi, karışımların katkı ihtiyacını artırırken; zamana bağlı yayılma performanslarını olumlu yönde etkilemiştir. Fosfat ikame edilmesi durumunda ise karışımların katkı ihtiyacı azalırken zamana bağlı yayılma performansı olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Tüm karışımlar içerisinde taze hal özellikleri açısından en iyi performans %10 sülfonat ikame edilen katkı ile elde edilmiştir. Anyonik monomer değişimi, KYB karışımlarının basınç dayanımları, su emme oranları, ultrases geçiş hızları (UPV) ve dinamik elastisite modüllerinde önemli bir değişikliğe sebep olmamıştır.
PENGARUH FAKTOR SISWA, KOMPETENSI GURU DANLINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, TERHADAP SIKAP KREATIF DAN SIKAP INOVATIF DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Kurjono Dr
Published: August 2022

Rendahnya motivasi kewirausahaan siswa SMK menjadi sangat penting dikaji. Meskipunproses pembelajaran sebagai media penanaman sikap, namun mempersiapkan siswa menjadiwirausahawan tidak hanya berhenti sampai evaluasi yang berbentuk sikap. Dalam halini diperlukan analisis dorongan-dorongan untuk bertindak wirausaha. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa faktor siswa, kompetensi guru lingkungan keluarga, sikap kreatif dansikap inovatif berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kewirausahaan baik secara langsung maupuntidak langsung. Dalam membentuk sikap kreatif, pengaruh kompetensi guru menjadi sangatdominan, sementara untuk pembentukan sikap inovatif dan motivasi kewirausahaan, pengaruhsikap kreatif menjadi sangat dominan.
PENGARUH PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KEPUASAN KERJA GURU TERHADAP MUTU SEKOLAH (Studi Analisis Deskriptif pada SMAN di Kabupaten Sumedang)
Authors: Prihatni Diani
Published: August 2022

Masalah utama yaitu perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kepuasan kerja gurudi SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sumedang kurang maksimal. Disebabkan oleh mutu sekolah yangkurang baik. Metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel 87 responden dari populasi667 guru pada SMA Negeri Kabupaten Sumedang. Instrumen angket, teknik analisis korelasiganda.Hasil penelitian pengaruh perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kepuasan kerja gurusecara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap mutu sekolah sebesar 0,792 (cukup kuat),sedangkan kontribusi 62,73% sedangkan sisanya 37,27% ditentukan oleh variabel lain sepertisarana dan prasarana; pembiayaan; partisipasi orangtua; dan lain-lain. Direkomendasikan(1)insentif; (2) kompensasi; (3) memberikan penilaian kepada guru; (4) memberikan penghargaandan hukuman kepada guru (5) melanjutkan S-2; penataran, kursus, seminar dan (6) pembinaansecara rutin kepada para guru.
PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, EARNINGS GROWTH, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP ABNORMAL RETURN SAHAM INDEKS LQ 45
Authors: Chendrawan Toni S
Published: August 2022

The Influence of Liquidity, Earnings Growth, Leverage and Firm Size to Abnormal Return. The purposeof this research to analize price response on the market based on firms fundamental information. Theindicator which used at firms value variable is price reaction through abnormal return at financialreport publication date. Verificative and dascriptive methods were used as reseach desaign. Analysisunit is firms who joined on LQ 45. The sampling taking methods is purposive sampling whit criteriathe firms who stayed on LQ 45 group during research periode, so that the sample which use is 24firms. The data which needed on this resaarch is financial, acccountance profit, market capitalized,stock price and IHSG during financial report publication date. And for technic of analize we usemultiple regression, which hard purpose to know the impact of firms fundamental information toabnormal return of financial report publication date. The result of this research is between of allindependent variable which had significant impact to abnormal return is leverage.
Implementasi Konsep Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Yuniarsih Tjutju
Published: August 2022

Implementasi Konsep Manajemen Mutu Terpadu dalam Pendidikan
Budaya Perusahaan
Authors: Supardi Endang
Published: August 2022

Budaya Perusahaan
Komunikasi dalam Kelompok Kecil
Authors: Sastradipoera Komaruddin
Published: August 2022

Komunikasi dalam Kelompok Kecil
Kebijakan Pengelolaan Dana Pendidikan Tingkat Sekolah dalam Konteks Otonami Daerah
Authors: Balian Ujang Cepi
Published: August 2022

Kebijakan Pengelolaan Dana Pendidikan Tingkat Sekolah dalam Konteks Otonami Daerah
Pengaruh Kinerja Bauran Pemasaran Jasa Pendidikan Terhadap Proses Keputusan Mahasiswa dalam Memilih Perguruan Tinggi (Survei Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Authors: Waspada Ika Putera
Published: August 2022

Pengaruh Kinerja Bauran Pemasaran Jasa Pendidikan Terhadap Proses Keputusan Mahasiswa dalam Memilih Perguruan Tinggi (Survei Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGOLAHAN DATA HASIL TES PEMANDUAN BAKAT CABANG OLAHRAGA SENAM
Authors: Fitri Mustika
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu program aplikasi sistem pengolahan data hasil tes pemanduan bakat cabang olahraga senam yang dapat mempercepat pemberian informasi tentang parameter antropometrik dan kualitas fisik serta motorik atlet senam, yang tersimpan secara lengkap dalam suatu database. Dalam menyelesaikan  program aplikasi penelitian ini, Penulis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Microsoft Visual  Basic  6.0.    yang dapat: (1) Menghasilkan suatu sistem informasi yang cepat dan benar dalam mengevaluasi parameter antropometrik calon atlit senam sebelum dibina lebih lanjut. (2) Menghasilkan suatu sistem informasi yang cepat dan benar dalam menentukan bentuk latihan yang tepat sesuai dengan kualitas fisik dan motorik atlit senam. (3) Menghasilkan suatu suatu program aplikasi sistem informasi pengolahan data hasil tes pemanduan bakat cabang olahraga senam (artistic dan ritmik) dengan database, berupa model proses/fungsional,  model data, modul program, dan antar muka perangkat lunak.