bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical corticosteroid for treatment of hand osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Hussain Sultana Monira , Gan Desmond , Lim Yuan Z. , Estee Mahnuma Mahfuz , Heritier Stephane , Wluka Anita E. , Cicuttini Flavia M.
Published: December 2021

Background

Hand osteoarthritis is a common and disabling chronic joint disease with a lack of effective therapies. Emerging evidence suggests the role of local inflammation in causing pain in hand osteoarthritis. Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs used in many rheumatic diseases. The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is to determine whether topical corticosteroid reduces pain over 6 weeks in patients with hand osteoarthritis.

Methods

One hundred participants with hand osteoarthritis will be recruited from the community in Melbourne, Australia, and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive either topical Diprosone OV or placebo ointment administered 3 times daily on the painful hand joints for 6 weeks. The primary outcome is pain reduction (assessed by 100 mm visual analogue scale) at 6 weeks. The secondary outcomes include changes in pain and function assessed using Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis, Australian Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index, Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, and tender and swollen joint count at 6 weeks. Adverse events will be recorded. The primary analysis will be by intention to treat, including all participants in their randomised groups.

Discussion

This study will provide high-quality evidence to determine whether topical corticosteroid reduces pain over 6 weeks in patients with hand osteoarthritis, with major clinical and public health importance by informing clinical practice guidelines for the management of hand osteoarthritis and reducing the burden of the disabling disease.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12620000599976. Registered 22 May 2020.
A minute primary gastric synovial sarcoma with ulcer: a case report
Authors: Yoshiyasu Kanako , Kono Hiroshi , Hojo Yudai , Ishida Yoshinori , Tamura Akio , Nakai Keisuke , Oshima Tadayuki , Miwa Hiroto , Shinohara Hisashi , Hirota Seiichi
Published: December 2021

Background

Synovial sarcomas are a rare type of high-grade sarcomas with unknown cell origin. They arise predominantly in the soft tissues but rarely in the stomach. We recently encountered a rare case of minute gastric synovial sarcoma.

Case presentation

A 61-year-old Japanese woman was pointed out edematous erosion at the body of the stomach. Biopsy specimen showed dense proliferation of spindle-shaped tumor cells mixed with smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis mucosae. Although the definite histological diagnosis was undetermined, the patient underwent laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach. Histological examination of the resected sample revealed that the maximum diameter of the tumor was only 6 mm and that dense proliferation of rather uniform spindle tumor cells were observed mainly in the submucosa. Immunohistochemistry showed that they were positive for pan-keratin, CD99 and TLE1. SS18-SSX fusion-specific antibody gave diffuse positive staining to the tumor cells, and analysis using mRNA extracted from paraffin sections revealed that the tumor had SS18-SSX1 fusion gene. Thus, it was diagnosed as gastric synovial sarcoma, monophasic fibrous type.

Conclusions

Primary synovial sarcoma of the stomach is rare and only 47 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. The maximum diameter of the lesion of our case was 6 mm which is the smallest among them.
“Data is the new oil”: citizen science and informed consent in an era of researchers handling of an economically valuable resource
Authors: Quigley Etain , Holme Ingrid , Doyle David M. , Ho Aileen K. , Ambrose Eamonn , Kirkwood Katie , Doyle Gerardine
Published: December 2021

As with other areas of the social world, academic research in the contemporary healthcare setting has undergone adaptation and change. For example, research methods are increasingly incorporating citizen participation in the research process, and there has been an increase in collaborative research that brings academic and industry partners together. There have been numerous positive outcomes associated with both of these growing methodological and collaborative processes; nonetheless, both bring with them ethical considerations that require careful thought and attention. This paper addresses the ethical considerations that research teams must consider when using participatory methods and/or when working with industry and outlines a novel informed consent matrix designed to maintain the high ethical standard to which academic research in the healthcare arena has traditionally adhered.
Epigenetics in neurodegenerative disorders induced by pesticides
Authors: Yu Guangxia , Su Qianqian , Chen Yao , Wu Lingyan , Wu Siying , Li Huangyuan
Published: December 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming major socio-economic burdens. However, most of them still have no effective treatment. Growing evidence indicates excess exposure to pesticides are involved in the development of various forms of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases through trigger epigenetic changes and inducing disruption of the epigenome. This review summaries studies on epigenetics alterations in nervous systems in relation to different kinds of pesticides, highlighting potential mechanism in the etiology, precision prevention and target therapy of various neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the current gaps in research and future areas for study were also discussed.
A risk-based approach to validation of ion chromatography methods using suppressed conductivity
Authors: Nelson Deanna J. , Marbury G. Dean
Published: December 2021

Ion chromatography (IC) has evolved into one of the most widely used separation techniques of analytical chemistry. Consequently, the number of users of this method is continuously growing. Analysts often assume that widely used guidelines for HPLC method validation in regulated environments routinely apply to IC. This manuscript provides an analysis of the potential shortcomings of traditional approaches to development and validation of IC methods using suppressed conductivity detection and a risk-based alternative approach to these activities. The goal of the alternative approach is a reduction in the risk of erroneous determinations of analytes when IC methods using suppressed conductivity detection are employed.
Knowledge translation of prediction rules: methods to help health professionals understand their trade-offs
Authors: Hemming K. , Taljaard M.
Published: December 2021

Clinical prediction models are developed with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes, and are often turned into prediction rules (e.g. classifying people as low/high risk using cut-points of predicted risk) at some point during the development stage. Prediction rules often have reasonable ability to either rule-in or rule-out disease (or another event), but rarely both. When a prediction model is intended to be used as a prediction rule, conveying its performance using the C-statistic, the most commonly reported model performance measure, does not provide information on the magnitude of the trade-offs. Yet, it is important that these trade-offs are clear, for example, to health professionals who might implement the prediction rule. This can be viewed as a form of knowledge translation. When communicating information on trade-offs to patients and the public there is a large body of evidence that indicates natural frequencies are most easily understood, and one particularly well-received way of depicting the natural frequency information is to use population diagrams. There is also evidence that health professionals benefit from information presented in this way.

Here we illustrate how the implications of the trade-offs associated with prediction rules can be more readily appreciated when using natural frequencies. We recommend that the reporting of the performance of prediction rules should (1) present information using natural frequencies across a range of cut-points to inform the choice of plausible cut-points and (2) when the prediction rule is recommended for clinical use at a particular cut-point the implications of the trade-offs are communicated using population diagrams. Using two existing prediction rules, we illustrate how these methods offer a means of effectively and transparently communicating essential information about trade-offs associated with prediction rules.
Numerical study on breaking solitary wave force on box-girder bridge
Authors: Yang Wanli , Li Sijing , Liu Junling , Wu Wenbo , Li Hui , Wang Ning
Published: December 2021

Solitary wave is often used to simulate tsunami propagating in deep water and breaking solitary wave is often used to simulate tsunami bore propagating in shallow water or on land. The breaking solitary wave force on box-girder, which has been widely used in bridge engineering in coastal areas of China, receives few attentions. This study aims to investigate characteristics and generation mechanism of breaking solitary wave force on box-girder numerically. A numerical wave flume with a 1:20 slope was built firstly, then the solitary wave generation ability, wave deformation and wave breaking on the slope, as well as wave force calculation precision, are validated. The water depth 0.6 m, the slope gradient 1:20 and the distance between slope top and box-girder 2.0 m remain unchanged, while the wave height and clearance changes in different cases. The time histories of horizontal force and vertical force on box-girder can be divided into three and four stages respectively according to their characteristics. The surface of box-girder is decomposed into a series of panels to facilitate exploring tsunami bore force generation mechanism. Results show horizontal force is dominated by static pressure on upstream vertical panels and vertical force is mainly contributed by static pressure on upstream horizontal panels and on panels in the chambers. Tsunami bore overtopping the box-girder deck impacts the top panel vigorously and results in the peak value of negative vertical force.
Trastuzumab Emtansine Plus Pertuzumab Versus Taxane Plus Trastuzumab Plus Pertuzumab After Anthracycline for High-Risk Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Early Breast Cancer: The Phase III KAITLIN Study
Authors: Krop Ian E. , Im Seock-Ah , Barrios Carlos , Bonnefoi Hervé , Gralow Julie , Toi Masakazu , Ellis Paul A. , Gianni Luca , Swain Sandra M. , Im Young-Hyuck , De Laurentiis Michelino , Nowecki Zbigniew , Huang Chiun-Sheng , Fehrenbacher Louis , Ito Yoshinori , Shah Jigna , Boulet Thomas , Liu Haiying , Macharia Harrison , Trask Peter , Song Chunyan , Winer Eric P. , Harbeck Nadia
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE

We aimed to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity of high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive early breast cancer (EBC) treatment by replacing taxanes and trastuzumab with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1).

METHODS

The phase III KAITLIN study ( NCT01966471 ) included adults with excised HER2-positive EBC (node-positive or node-negative, hormone receptor–negative, and tumor > 2.0 cm). Postsurgery, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to anthracycline-based chemotherapy (three-four cycles) and then 18 cycles of T-DM1 plus pertuzumab (AC-KP) or taxane (three-four cycles) plus trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (AC-THP). Adjuvant radiotherapy/endocrine therapy was permitted. Coprimary end points were invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) in the intention-to-treat node-positive and overall populations with hierarchical testing.

RESULTS

The median follow-up was 57.1 months (interquartile range, 52.1-60.1 months) for AC-THP (n = 918) and 57.0 months (interquartile range, 52.1-59.8 months) for AC-KP (n = 928). There was no significant IDFS difference between arms in the node-positive (n = 1,658; stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.32) or overall population (n = 1846; stratified HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.32). In the overall population, the three-year IDFS was 94.2% (95% CI, 92.7 to 95.8) for AC-THP and 93.1% (95% CI, 91.4 to 94.7) for AC-KP. Treatment completion rates (ie, 18 cycles) were 88.4% for AC-THP and 65.0% for AC-KP (difference driven by T-DM1 discontinuation because of laboratory abnormalities [12.5%]). Similar rates of grade ≥ 3 (55.4% v 51.8%) and serious adverse events (23.3% v 21.4%) occurred with AC-THP and AC-KP, respectively. KP decreased clinically meaningful deterioration in global health status versus THP (stratified HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.80).

CONCLUSION

The primary end point was not met. Both arms achieved favorable IDFS. Trastuzumab plus pertuzumab plus chemotherapy remains the standard of care for high-risk HER2-positive EBC.
Connecting the Levers of Platform Control
Authors: Brugière Fabien
Published: December 2021

Drawing from a transurban field research conducted in the ride-hailing sector in Paris and Brussels regions, this article investigates platformization as a productive model defined by the articulation of an outsourced labor regime with an algorithmic and data-driven type of management. Beyond the formal sharing of an independent contractor status, nuanced by a variety of positions including salaried work, platform drivers are unified in practice by their common economic dependence on platforms. This situation gives them the role of an adjustment variable in platforms’ commercial strategy, forcing them to raise their work time to adapt to the cost decreases in the mid-2010s, which dramatically reduced their income. To ensure a flexible flow into the workforce, platforms have favored the development of small intermediaries to outsource hiring and thereby skirt labor law and evade taxes. Market pressure is also enforced by its inclusion, with other productive goals such as service fluidity and quality, into a digital model of management inspired by lean production. The application is configured to operate as a device of technical and hegemonic control that incorporates just-in-time and intensification commands. Digital control is completed by the inclusion of a customer feedback system used to implement service standardization and further involvement in work.
Ecological Validity of Prolonged Sitting Studies: How Well Do They Represent Real-Life Sedentary Patterns? A Pilot Study
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Wu Yanlin , Petterson Jennifer L. , Frayne Ryan J. , Kimmerly Derek S.
Published: December 2021

Acute prolonged sitting studies have been frequently implemented to determine the physiological effect of sedentary time on vascular and metabolic health. The length of these laboratory-based prolonged sitting studies ranges from 1.5 to 6 h, with most being 3 h in duration. Whether or not these sitting durations reflect true habitual prolonged sitting patterns is unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the habitual sedentary patterns of a heterogeneous sample to inform the design of future acute laboratory-based sitting studies. Participants (n = 121; 48 females) wore an activPAL inclinometer on their thigh 24 h·d−1 for 6.5 ± 0.7 d. A customized LabVIEW program determined daily averages of waking hours spent standing versus sitting and/or laying. The number of prolonged sedentary bouts (e.g., number of sedentary bouts >30 min) and the frequency of sedentary breaks (per waking hour) were also calculated. Overall, participants engaged in 9.4 ± 1.9 h·d−1 of sedentary time. Participants frequently engaged in sedentary bouts between 0.5 and 1.0 h (3.5 ± 1.1 bouts per day) and between 1 and 2 h (1.7 ± 0.8 bouts per day) in duration. By contrast, they rarely engaged in bouts >2 h without interruption (i.e., once every ~5 d). Very few participants engaged in any prolonged sedentary bouts between 3 and 4 h (n = 25; 21%) or >4 h (n = 6, 5%). Participants averaged 2.9 ± 0.7 sedentary breaks per hour (i.e., every ~21 min), with the majority (n = 83, 69%) breaking up their sitting time every 17–30 min (i.e., 2–3.5 breaks per hour). To maximize the ecological validity, our preliminary findings indicate that acute models of prolonged sitting should be 1–2 h in length and strategies to break up prolonged sitting implemented every 20–30 min. The results from this pilot study may be used to inform large epidemiological studies to characterize prolonged sitting patterns in a variety of populations to assist in translating findings from the laboratory to the habitual setting.
Extended Reality (XR) and Gamification in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Παππάς Γεώργιος
Published: December 2021

Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελεί μία διαθεματική έρευνα η οποία προσπαθεί να συνδέσει διαφορετικές βαθιές τεχνολογίες (Deep Technologies) σε ένα ολιστικό πλαίσιο με απώτερο σκοπό την επίλυση προβλημάτων σε διάφορα πεδία. Συγκεκριμένα, έχοντας ως βάση την Παιχνιδοποίηση (Gamification) και τις τεχνολογίες της Εκτεταμένης Πραγματικότητας (XR) θα προσπαθήσουμε να συνδυάσουμε τόσο το Διαδίκτυο των Αντικειμένων (IoT) όσο και την Τεχνητή Νοημοσύνη. Στην πρώτη φάση, το Διαδίκτυο των Αντικειμένων θα λειτουργήσει ως είσοδος για την οπτικοποίηση δεδομένων σε πραγματικό χρόνο ενώ στη δεύτερη φάση θα μελετήσουμε τεχνικές δημιουργίας συνθετικών δεδομένων μέσω της ανάπτυξης εικονικών περιβαλλόντων, τα οποία μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την εκπαίδευση μοντέλων τεχνητής νοημοσύνης. Επιπλέον, θα εμβαθύνουμε περισσότερο στο εικονικό περιβάλλον που παρέχει η παιχνιδοποίηση συνδυαζόμενο και με εικονικές μηχανές (Virtual Machines) ενώ τέλος, θα επιχειρήσουμε να μελετήσουμε και τον ανθρωποκεντρικό σχεδιασμό εφαρμογών παιχνιδοποίησης σε κατασκευαστικό επίπεδο αλλά και σε επίπεδο έρευνας σε χρήστες με ερωτηματολόγια. Ως απόδειξη της μεταφοράς αυτού του ενιαίου πλαισίου σε διακριτά και διαφορετικά πεδία, σχεδιάστηκαν και αναπτύχθηκαν ερευνητικά εργαλεία που άπτονται των τεχνολογιών των αυτόνομων αυτοκινήτων αλλά και του τομέα της εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευσης.
Ο ιδεολογικός και προγραμματικός λόγος του γαλλικού συντηρητισμού
Authors: Μπακρώζη Γεωργία
Published: December 2021

Στην έρευνά μας μελετάμε τον ιδεολογικό και προγραμματικό λόγο του Ν. Σαρκοζί, όπως αυτός εκφράστηκε μέσα από τους προεδρικούς του πολιτικούς λόγους για τις Προεδρικές εκλογές του 2007 και 2012 και κατά την διάρκεια της Προεδρίας του (2007-2012). Διαπιστώσαμε ότι ο σαρκοζισμός εξέφρασε κάτι νέο στη γαλλική πολιτική σκήνη και αποτέλεσε καμπή στην ιστορία της γαλλικής δεξιάς. Υπήρξε μια δομημένη πολιτική ιδεολογία που έφερε νέες αξίες και προτάσεις πολιτικής στη γαλλική κοινωνία συνδυάζοντας, σε ένα διάβημα συνόλου, τα ιδεολογικά επιχειρήματα και προγρμαμματικές επεξεργασίες του ιστορικού γκωλισμού, του νεοφιλελευθερισμού, του νεοσυντηρητισμού, της αριστεράς και της άκρας δεξιάς. Πρόκειται για μια μελέτη περίπτωσης με συγκριτική προοπτική, η οποία ακολούθησε τη μεθοδολογία της ποιοτικής ανάλυσης των πολιτικών λόγων του Ν. Σαρκοζί προκειμένου να αναδειχθούν οι βασικές ιδέες που συγκροτούν την ιδεολογία του, αλλά και όλα εκείνα τα στοιχεία που καθιστούν πρωτότυπο, σύνθετο και ιδιαίτερο τον πολιτικό του λόγο.
Jan Kuklík, René Petráš, Minorities and law in Czechoslovakia, 1918–1992, Karolinum Press, Prague 2017, pp. 302
Authors: Gąsior Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

The reviewed monograph by Jan Kuklík and René Petráš entitled Minorities and law in Czechoslovakia, 1918–1992, Karolinum Press, Prague 2017, is dedicated to the legal situation of national minorities in Czechoslovakia in the years 1918–1992. Although it constitutes a useful guide to appropriate legislation, the authors show some tendency to emphasise the democratic features of state policy towards minorities in the interwar period and lessen the significance of some of its flaws
Tropy autotematyczne w polskiej literaturze kryminalnej (rekonesans)
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam
Published: December 2021

Utwory kryminalne, w ktorych pojawiają się akcenty autotematyczne, funkcjonują na pograniczu dwu obiegow. Inspirowane schematem zaczerpniętym z popkultury, kryminały te nie są zarazem adresowane do jej konsumentow, lecz zwolennikow rozwiązań przełamujących czytelnicze przyzwyczajenia i skonwencjonalizowane formuły. W kryminale autotematycznym struktury fabularne zostają traktowane pretekstowo. Tym samym istotniejszy od nich staje się krytyczny namysł nad kulturowymi uwarunkowaniami, ktore miały wpływ na powstanie owych wzorcow. Aby możliwe stało się takie przeniesienie uwagi, tworcy literatury kryminalnej sięgają w tym celu najczęściej do jednego z trzech następujących sposobow tematyzowania zagadnień metaliterackich:
– sięganie po parateksty w charakterze sygnałow autoreferencyjności;
– intencjonalne przywoływanie ostentacyjnie skonwencjonalizowanych rozwiązań, opatrzonych niekiedy autotematycznymi komentarzami;
– intencjonalne przekraczanie „horyzontu oczekiwań” czytelnika.
Wymienione tu strategie nie mają charakteru wykluczających się nawzajem rozwiązań, toteż zdarza się, że ich elementy możemy odnaleźć w jednym utworze. Zarazem wyodrębnienie ich pozwala dostrzec rożnorodność chwytow autotematycznych, wykorzystywanych przez autorow opowieści „o zbrodni i karze”.
THE INFLUENCE OF SUPPLIER FAIRNESS PERCEPTION AND TRUST ON THE RELATIONSHIP QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: SUN YU-LING , ZHU ZE-YU , YANG HUI
Published: December 2021

Suppliers are important members of the agricultural product supply chain, and their behavior decisions may have a certain impact on the sustainable development of the agricultural product supply chain. From the perspective of agricultural product supplier trust, this paper studies the direct impact of agricultural product supplier trust on relationship quality and the indirect impact of supplier fairness perception on relationship quality. Based on the survey data of agricultural product suppliers, this paper uses the structural equation model method for empirical analysis. The analysis results show that fairness perception and trust perception have a significant positive impact on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships, among which trust perception has a positive direct impact on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships, while fairness perception has indirect influence on the quality of agricultural supply chain relationships through trust. In addition, information sharing, price satisfaction, income level and environmental certainty have a significant positive impact on suppliers’ fairness perception. Therefore, sellers comprehensively consider the fairness perception and trust perception of suppliers, which will help improve the relationship quality of the supply chain.
APPLICATION OF BIG DATA IN ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
Authors: GUO FENG , QIN HUI-LIN
Published: December 2021

With the continuous development of information technology, enterprises have gradually entered the era of big data. How to analyze the complex data and find out the useful information to promote the development of enterprises is becoming more and more important in the modernization of science and technology. This paper expounds the importance and existing problems of big data application in enterprise management, and briefly analyzes and discusses its application in enterprises and its future development direction and trend. With the rapid development of Internet of things, cloud computing and other information technology, the world ushered in the era of big data. It has become a trend to promote the deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy. Due to the rapid development of economy, the amount of data information generated in the process of consumption and production is very large. Under the traditional management mode, enterprises can not meet the needs of the current social and economic development. However, the application of big data technology in enterprises can achieve better analysis and Research on these data information, so as to provide reliable data basis for enterprises to carry out various business management decisions.
RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF EQUITY PLEDGE ON ENTERPRISE VALUE—TAKE SMES AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: WANG JUE-MING , LI BAO-BAO , GENG CHENG-XUAN
Published: December 2021

The pledge of controlling shareholders’ equity is one of the important ways for small and medium-sized enterprises to raise funds. However, due to the complexity of controlling shareholders’ motivations for equity pledge, equity pledge has become a double-edged sword that affects the sustainable development of enterprises. This study explores the impact of controlling shareholder equity pledge on corporate value by constructing an empirical model, so as to provide suggestions for small and medium shareholders, regulatory agencies and related financial institutions. The empirical results show that the pledge of controlling shareholders’ equity is conducive to the improvement of corporate value; however, under different macro policy adjustments, the impact of equity pledges on corporate value is different. In the period of loose monetary policy, the pledge of controlling shareholders’ equity has a significant positive effect on corporate value .On the contrary, during the monetary policy tightening period, equity pledge has a significant negative impact on corporate value.
ANALYSIS ON NON-PROFIT ADVERTISEMENTS BASED ON CULTURAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHINA AND UNITED STATES
Authors: WANG QIAN
Published: December 2021

The research field of consumer behavior is not a new one. In fact, many researchers have conducted surveys and experiments in this field. Also, the topic on how advertisement influences consumer perceptions has been explored. It is obvious that culture background and social economic status are different between developed countries and developing countries. This can vary consumers’ perception and behaviors. Non-profit advertisement will influence consumer’s perception and behavior on the basis of cultural background. Thus, it will also be extremely crucial for non-profit advertisements to study cultural differences to learn more about consumers. This study focuses on cultural background, aiming to find the differences on how different non-profit advertisement between China and U.S., and provide useful strategies to plan non-profit advertisements.
WHAT FUNCTIONS DID EDINBURGH’S TOWN COLLEGE PERFORM IN THE PERIOD C. 1583-1760?
Authors: LIU YI-FEI
Published: December 2021

The University of Edinburgh is a renowned university in the world now. However, it was only a town college back in 1583, and the function of Edinburgh University varies from period to period. It was functioned as a religious, educational institutions in the first place and gradually involved in British politics as well. Moreover, the University of Edinburgh witnessed and promoted the Scottish Enlightenment. Eventually, Edinburgh University becomes an essential university for high-level education in the United Kingdom with advanced and diverse curriculums.
ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION FOR HIGH-TOP TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN HAINAN UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF FREE TRADE PORT CONSTRUCTION—BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF HIGH-TOP TOURISM DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION STANDARD SYSTEM
Authors: WU XIAN-XIAN , FAN HONG-JUN
Published: December 2021

Improving the high-top tourism service capacity is an important requirement for the construction of Hainan free trade port and the development of innovative service industry. Based on the evaluation indexes of high-top tourism development, this paper uses the methods of quantitative research, information research and descriptive analysis to deeply analyze and evaluate the development of high-top tourism in Hainan. From the perspective of high-top tourism elements, this paper uses the application of the evaluation standard system of high-top tourism development to study and analyze the development of high-top tourism in Hainan. This paper holds idea that the development of high-top tourism in Hainan has unique advantages in market, industry, investment and environment, and has broad prospects for development. In the future, the focus of Hainan's high-top tourism development lies in adjusting the supply structure of high-top tourism, improving the management of high-top tourism, focusing on the key points, making up for the weaknesses and strengthening the weak points, so as to help Hainan's high-top tourism develop in an all-round way.
THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY ANALYSIS OF JD’ LOGISTICS BASED ON PEST-SWOT MATRIX
Authors: ZHU CHUN-MEI
Published: December 2021

Self-employed logistics of JD is the representative of the current self-employed logistics in China. Under the current situation of constant impact of various modes of logistics, self-employed logistics has exposed the drawbacks of its own development. This paper takes JD as an example to study the current problems, so as to put forward development suggestions for the construction of self-employed logistics. Based on PEST, SWOT and Porter's Five Forces Model, this paper analyzes the development strategy of JD's self-employed logistics, and draws optimization measures for future development.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF RESIDENT SAVINGS BALANCE IN CHINA
Authors: ZHU JIA-HUAN
Published: December 2021

This is an empirical paper that explores the factors affecting the change in the savings balances in China. After extensive reading of existing studies, we will use the WLS regression model to conduct a regression analysis of several classical factors affecting the change in the savings balances and the new factors proposed in this paper, based on the reality of Eastern-Western differences in China. We provide evidence that six variables out of the eight factors we study are strongly correlated with the change in the savings balances. Further, we find that except for the Child dependency ratio, the other five variables are positively correlated with the change in savings balances. The purpose of this paper is to encourage the market to adjust development strategies, the government to adopt more targeted policies, and the society to give strong help to better guide residents' savings behavior by analyzing the factors that affect the change in savings balances at a macro level.
RESEARCH ON THE PROMOTION OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THINK TANKS IN LOCAL NEWLY BUILT UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITIES—TAKING THE BRAND STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT THINK TANK OF SHANDONG WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: HUANG SHI-GUO , LIU PEI-BIAO
Published: December 2021

The think tank of universities is an important carrier for scientific research, social service and talent training. At present, the construction of the think tank in local newly-built undergraduate universities is increasingly intensified, but its related functions have not been fully developed and played yet. Taking the brand strategy and development think tank of Shandong Women’s College as an example, this paper investigates and analyzes the current situation, existing problems and causes of its construction and development, and then proposes corresponding countermeasures, the purpose is to provide guidance for the sustainable and healthy development and growth of the think tank. At the same time, it can provide reference for the construction and development of the think tank in similar newly-built undergraduate universities.
AI TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE ABILITY OF TAX COLLECTION AND ADMINISTRATION IN CHINA
Authors: LI HUI-QIN , ZHONG QUN
Published: December 2021

By reviewing the development course of Artificial Intelligence and tax collection and management in China, this paper analyzes the exploration and application of AI technology in tax declaration, evaluation, inspection and other links. Based on AI intelligent technology theories and tax principles, this paper mainly discusses the efficiency of tax management. Our research shows that AI intelligent technology can make the complicated tax management work more efficient. While promoting the establishment of modern financial system, AI technology also face many challenges.
RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL OF URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SICHUAN PROVINCE
Authors: ZHANG TING , DING RUI , QIU YUAN-HONG , DU YI-MING , ZHOU TAO , ZHANG YI-LIN
Published: December 2021

This paper selects 21 cities and prefectures of Sichuan Province as the research object, adopts 12 comprehensive indicators, establishes a linear model through correlation analysis, carries out regression analysis to modify the model, and uses factor analysis and cluster analysis to study the level of urban economic development. The results show that the GDP of all regions in Sichuan Province has a strong correlation with the three indicators of total retail sales of social consumer goods, passenger volume, and urbanization rate, and plays a positive role in promoting the economic development of all cities in Sichuan Province. Chengdu ranks the highest in the comprehensive ranking of urban economic development level in Sichuan Province.
STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF EXPRESSWAY DEVELOPMENT ON URBAN ACCESSIBILITY IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE
Authors: ZHANG YI-LIN , ZHANG YU , DING RUI , DU YI-MING , ZHANG TING , ZHOU TAO
Published: December 2021

The construction and development of the expressway network has far-reaching significance for the economic growth of Guizhou Province. In this paper, ArcGIS was used to calculate the nodal accessibility, daily accessibility and regional average accessibility of the expressway network in Guizhou Province, and the evolution of the spatial pattern of accessibility under the influence of expressways in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2019 was analyzed through three different dimensions of accessibility indicators. The results show that with the continuous construction of expressways, the accessibility of the whole province continues to improve. Guiyang, as the provincial capital city, improved the accessibility of expressways the most during the last 7 years. However, due to the inequality of resources, there are still spatial differences in traffic capacity between cities and cities. Among them, Tongren and Xingyi have a small increase in the accessibility of expressways from 2012 to 2019, and the traffic conditions of Tongren and Xingyi are in the inferior position of the whole province.
MARKETING STRATEGY RESEARCH IN CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: LUO SHU-YUN , XIAO JUN-TAO
Published: December 2021

As individuals lead their lives, they purchase different items and services to fill various needs. customer psychology has made efforts to investigate why individuals buy things using cognitive ideas to comprehend the elements that impact their practices. Understanding their psychology will explain the elements that influence shoppers’ conduct concerning inspiration and emotional cycle while giving organizations the knowledge of why individuals choose to purchase such particular product. Moreover, comprehending consumers’ reasons and impulses to consume certain products helps producers make more efficient marketing strategy to attract their target consumers more easily. This research indicates how understanding consumer psychology helps more efficient and attractive marketing strategy in some ways and how such marketing psychology amplifies its attractiveness and influence through social media in recent days.
Flamenco. Negro sobre blanco. Investigación, patrimonio, cine y neoflamenco
Authors: Cruces Roldán Cristina
Published: December 2021

Esta obra reúne una selección de doce estudios publicados por la autora entre 1997 y 2015. Abordan, desde las ciencias sociales, la representación audiovisual del ritual flamenco, las políticas de la cultura y la perspectiva patrimonial, las expresiones y relaciones históricas del flamenco con la religiosidad popular y la música andalusí, los procesos de innovación y experimentalismo contemporáneos, y la investigación y el análisis bibliográfico en torno al flamenco.
Cognitive Challenges in Human–Artificial Intelligence Collaboration: Investigating the Path Toward Productive Delegation
Authors: Fügener Andreas , Grahl Jörn , Gupta Alok , Ketter Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

A consensus is beginning to emerge that the next phase of artificial intelligence (AI) induction in business organizations will require humans to work with AI in a variety of work arrangements. This article explores the issues related to human capabilities to work with AI. A key to working in many work arrangements is the ability to delegate work to entities that can do them most efficiently. Modern AI can do a remarkable job of efficient delegation to humans because it knows what it knows well and what it does not. Humans, on the other hand, are poor judges of their metaknowledge and are not good at delegating knowledge work to AI—this might prove to be a big stumbling block to create work environments where humans and AI work together. Humans have often created machines to serve them. The sentiment is perhaps exemplified by Oscar Wilde’s statement that “civilization requires slaves…. Human slavery is wrong, insecure and demoralizing. On mechanical slavery, on the slavery of the machine, the future of the world depends.” However, the time has come when humans might switch roles with machines. Our study highlights capabilities that humans need to effectively work with AI and still be in control rather than just being directed.
Do Venture Capital Investors Learn from Public Markets?
Authors: Liu Bibo , Tian Xuan
Published: December 2021

We examine whether venture capital (VC) investors learn information contained in public market stock prices. VCs are less likely to stage finance startups and syndicate with other VCs when stock prices are more informative. An instrumental variable approach suggests that the relation is likely causal. The startup’s initial public offering (IPO) prospect is the plausible information contained in stock prices learned by VCs. The effect of VC learning on staging and syndication is more pronounced when collecting information is more costly and the information learned is more reliable. Evidence from a survey of VC investors confirms that they actively learn information from the public market. VCs’ learning from the public market significantly affects their investments across startup firms. Our paper sheds new light on the real effects of financial markets and suggests that the informational role of security prices is much broader than what we have thought.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Co-Opting Regulation: Professional Control Through Discretionary Mobilization of Legal Prescriptions and Expert Knowledge
Authors: Evans Joelle , Silbey Susan S.
Published: December 2021

The governance of front-line professionals is a persistent organizational problem. Regulations designed to make professional work more legible and responsive to both organizational and public expectations depend on these professionals’ willing implementation. This paper examines the important question of how professional control shapes regulatory compliance. Drawing on a seventeen-month ethnographic study of a bioscience laboratory, we show how professionals deploy their discretionary judgment to assemble environmental, health, and safety regulations with their own expert practices, explaining frequently observed differential rates of regulatory compliance. We find that professional scientists selectively implement and blend formal regulations with expert practice to respond to risks the law acknowledges (to workers’ bodies and the environment) and to risks the law does not acknowledge but professionals recognize as critical (to work tasks and collegiality). Some regulations are followed absolutely, others are adapted on a case-by-case basis; in other instances, new practices are produced to control threats not addressed by regulations. Such selective compliance, adaptation and invention enact professional expertise: interpretations of hazard and risk. The discretionary enactment of regulations, at a distance from formal agents, becomes part of the technical, practical, and tacit assemblage of situated practices. Thus, paradoxically, professional expert control is maintained and sometimes enhanced as professionals blend externally imposed regulations with expert practices. In essence, regulation is co-opted in the service of professional control. This research contributes to studies of professional expertise, the legal governance of professionals in organizations, regulatory compliance, and safety cultures.
Optimal Pooling, Batching, and Pasteurizing of Donor Human Milk
Authors: Sun Ruichen , Maillart Lisa M. , Valeva Silviya , Schaefer Andrew J. , Starks Shaina
Published: December 2021

Human breast milk provides nutritional and medicinal benefits that are important to infants, particularly those who are premature or ill. Donor human milk, collected, processed, and dispensed via milk banks, is the standard of care for infants in need whose mothers cannot provide an adequate supply of milk. In this paper, we focus on streamlining donor human milk processing at nonprofit milk banks. On days that milk is processed, milk banks thaw frozen deposits, pool together milk from multiple donors to meet nutritional specifications of predefined milk types, bottle and divide the pools into batches, and pasteurize the batches using equipment with various degrees of labor requirements. Limitations in staffing and equipment and the need to follow strict healthcare protocols require productive, expedient, and frugal pooling strategies. We formulate integer programs that optimize the batching-pasteurizing decisions and the integrated pooling-batching-pasteurizing decisions by minimizing labor and meeting target production goals. We further strengthen these formulations by establishing valid inequalities for the integrated model. Numerical results demonstrate a reduction in the optimality gap through the strengthened formulation versus the basic integer programming formulation. A case study at Mothers’ Milk Bank of North Texas demonstrates significant improvement in meeting milk type production targets and a modest reduction in labor compared with former practice. The model is in use at Mothers’ Milk Bank of North Texas and has effectively improved their production balance across different milk types.
The frequency of early stomal, peristomal and skin complications
Authors: Maglio Andrea , Malvone Alessandro Pasquale , Scaduto Vitalba , Brambilla Davide , Denti Francesco Carlo
Published: December 2021

Background:

The incidence of early complications after stoma formation (within 30 days of surgery) is difficult to determine and has been reported to be in a range of 3%–82%.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to analyse the onset of stomal, peristomal and skin complications one month (30 days) after ostomy creation.

Method:

This review analysed enteral stoma therapy nurse reports on patients who had an ostomy created between January 2016 and December 2020.

Findings:

Complications were analysed according to ostomy type: colostomy, ileostomy and urostomy. There were 1292 incidences of complications: skin complications were the most common (26%), and abscess the least common (0%).

Conclusion:

A majority (63%) of patients experienced at least one or more complications within 30 days of surgery. Haemorrhage was reported as a complication (2%) but the authors found no data on its incidence in the literature. In addition to early complications, late complications were detected.
Clinical and surgical outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional total hip arthroplasty: a systematic overview of meta-analyses
Authors: Kort Nanne , Stirling Patrick , Pilot Peter , Müller Jacobus Hendrik
Published: December 2021

Robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA), in comparison to conventional THA, improves radiographic outcomes, but it remains unclear whether it alters complication rates, clinical and functional outcomes, and implant survival.

The purpose of this systematic overview was to summarize the findings of the most recent meta-analyses that compare clinical and surgical outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional THA.

Two readers independently conducted an electronic literature search, screening and data extraction from five electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: meta-analyses evaluating robot-assisted versus conventional THA in terms of radiographic outcomes, clinical and functional scores, and complications and revision rates. The literature search returned 67 records, of which 14 were duplicates and 49 were excluded, leaving three meta-analyses published within the past two years for data extraction and analysis.

The present overview of meta-analyses suggests that, compared to conventional THA (n = 3011), robot-assisted THA (n = 1813) improves component placement and reduces intraoperative complications. The overview also affirms that robot-assisted THA could extend surgery by 20 minutes, and increases risks of postoperative heterotopic ossification, dislocation, and revision. None of the meta-analyses found significant differences in clinical or functional scores between robot-assisted and conventional THA.

Future studies and reviews should make a clear distinction between active and semi-active robotic assistance, address technology matureness, and describe the experience of surgeons with robotic assistance.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:1157-1165. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200121
10  Gbps wavelength division multiplexing using UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C micro-LEDs
Authors: Maclure Daniel M. , McKendry Jonathan J. D. , Islim Mohamed Sufyan , Xie Enyuan , Chen Cheng , Sun Xiaobin , Liang Xudong , Huang Xiaohui , Abumarshoud Hanaa , Herrnsdorf Johannes , Gu Erdan , Haas Harald , Dawson Martin D.
Published: December 2021

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) optical wireless communications have seen increased interest in recent years due to the unique properties of light in this spectral region. However, the reported DUV data rates remain significantly lower than comparable demonstrations at visible wavelengths due to lower modulation bandwidths and/or output power of the sources. Here, we present a wavelength division multiplexing demonstration using three UV micro-light-emitting diodes emitting at nominal peak wavelengths of 285, 317, and 375 nm, respectively, each with an emitting area of approximately

1369
  

μm

2

(equivalent to circular device pixels of diameter

∼
40
  
μm

). Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, data rates of 4.17, 3.02, and 3.13 Gbps were achieved from the 285, 317, and 375 nm devices, respectively, for a combined data rate of 10.32 Gbps transmitted over a distance of 0.5 m.