bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy be discontinued during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment?
Authors: Huang Chien-Hao , Amodio Piero
Published: February 2024

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, often necessitating the administration of rifaximin (RFX) for effective management. RFX, is a gut-restricted, poorly-absorbable oral rifamycin derived antibiotic that can be used in addition to lactulose for the secondary prophylaxis of HE. It has shown notable reductions in infection, hospital readmission, duration of hospital stay, and mortality. However, limited data exist about the concurrent use of RFX with broad-spectrum antibiotics, because the patients are typically excluded from studies assessing RFX efficacy in HE. A pharmacist-driven quasi-experimental pilot study was done to address this gap. They argue against the necessity of RFX in HE during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, particularly in critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The potential for safe RFX discontinuation without adverse effects is clearly illuminated and valuable insight into the optimization of therapeutic strategies is offered. The findings also indicate that RFX discontinuation during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy was not associated with higher rates of delirium or coma, and this result remained robust after adjustment in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, rates of other secondary clinical and safety outcomes, including ICU mortality and 48-hour changes in vasopressor requirements, were comparable. However, since the activity of RFX is mainly confined to the modulation of gut microbiota, its potential utility in patients undergoing extensive systemic antibiotic therapy is debatable, given the overlapping antibiotic activity. Further, this suggests that the action of RFX on HE is class-specific (related to its activity on gut microbiota), rather than drug-specific. A recent double-blind randomized controlled (ARiE) trial provided further evidence-based support for RFX withdrawal in critically ill cirrhotic ICU patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. Both studies prompt further discussion about optimal therapeutic strategy for patients facing the dual challenge of HE and systemic infections. Despite these compelling results, both studies have limitations. A prospective, multi-center evaluation of a larger sample, with placebo control, and comprehensive neurologic evaluation of HE is warranted. It should include an exploration of longer-term outcome and the impact of this protocol in non-critically ill liver disease patients.
Interleukins in liver disease treatment
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Chun-Ye
Published: February 2024

Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukins (ILs), a large group of cytokines, can be divided into seven families, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-17 families. Here, we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases, such as liver inflammation (e.g. , IL-35), alcohol-related liver disease (e.g. , IL-11), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (e.g. , IL-22), liver fibrosis (e.g. , Il-17a), and liver cancer (e.g. , IL-8). Overall, IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies, such as alcohol consumption, high-fat diet, and hepatitis viruses. IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation, and the differentiation of T cells. IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection, liver regeneration, and metabolic regulation, as well as lymphocyte activation. IL-8, also known as CXCL8, is activated in chronic liver diseases, which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages. IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease. IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease. IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense, liver inflammation, and Th17 cell differentiation. ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions. However, most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis. More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.
Predictors of portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Li Ting , Wang Li-Li , Li Ya-Ping , Gan Jian , Wei Xi-Sheng , Mao Xiao-Rong , Li Jun-Feng
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a commonthsn complication after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis. However, the predictors of postoperative PVT are not known.

AIM

To investigate the predictors of PVT after splenectomy in patient with cirrhosis.

METHODS

A total of 45 patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy were consecutively enrolled from January 2017 to December 2018. The incidence of PVT at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis was observed. The hematological indicators, biochemical and coagulation parameters, and imaging features were recorded at baseline and at each observation point. The univariable, multivariable, receiver operating characteristic curve and time-dependent curve analyses were performed.

RESULTS

The cumulative incidence of PVT was 40.0%, 46.6%, and 48.9% at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months after splenectomy. Multivariable analysis showed that portal vein diameter (PVD) ≥ 14.5 mm and monthsdel‎ end-stage liver disease (MELD) score > 10 were independent predictors of PVT at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months after splenectomy (P < 0.05). Time-dependent curve showed that the cumulative incidence of PVT was significantly different between patients with MELD score ≤ 10 and > 10 (P < 0.05). In addition, the cumulative incidence of PVT in the PVD ≥ 14.5 mm group was significantly higher than that in the PVD < 14.5 mm group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Wider PVD and MELD score > 10 were independent predictors of PVT at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months after splenectomy in patient with cirrhosis.
Comparative Efficiency of Two Diagnostic Tests in the Identification of Theileria spp in cattle in Makurdi Benue, Nigeria
Authors: Atsuwe T.S. , Obisike V.U. , Adulugba O.A.
Published: February 2024

Wrong identification and characterization of Theileria species in cattle may be associated with economic loss via low productive rate in  cattle business. A study was designed to compare microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in identification and characterization  of Theileria species of cattle within Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from cattle of both sexes and analysed  microscopically using thin blood film and DNAexamination was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Theileria species were  identified and characterized by PCR amplification using species specific primers of 18s rRNAfor TheileriaSpp. Data obtained were analysed  using chi square, and P values at less than 0.05 were considered significant different. The result revealed the presence of Theileria. The  result of comparison of prevalence of infection of Theileriosis using microscopy and PCR revealed that, microscopy was able to detect only  1.77 % of Theileria but PCR detected 13.3% of Theileria. The percentage of prevalence of Theileria species was highly detected by PCR than microscopy and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Theileriosis in cattle have been seen to be prevalence in Makurdi metropolis and  molecular method such as PCR can effectively.
Sero-prevalence and Molecular Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Sokoto, North-West, Nigeria
Authors: Mamman A.S. , Adeleke E.A. , Envulu G.A. , Maikenti J.I. , Ibeme-Awoloh O.C. , Rayyanu U.A. , Alanza A.J. , Yakubu R.A. , Kamani J.
Published: February 2024

Camel Trypanosomosis (Surra), caused by Trypanosoma evansiis a serious problem in the camel-rearing regions of Nigeria. In the present  study, 150 camels slaughtered in Sokoto central abattoir were examined for the presence of antibodies and DNA of T. evansi using the  Card Agglutination Test (CAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods, respectively. Antibody and the DNA of T. evansi were  detected in 42 (28.0%) and 68 (45.3%) of the animals tested by the CAT and PCR, respectively. Higher prevalence was found among young  camels compared to the adults using CAT (33.3% vs 27.8%), while adults had higher prevalence than the young (46.5% vs 16.7%) using  PCR technique. Both the techniques recorded higher prevalence in males than females; CAT (28.3% vs 25.0%) and PCR (49.3% vs 0.0%).  The detection of T. evansi DNA was significantly associated with the age (p=0.001) and sex (p=0.002) of camels, but not for the serological  technique (p> 0.05). The detection of antibodies and DNA of T. evansi in camels in this study attest to the possibility of continuous  exposure of camels to infections. The role of Surra in camel production in Nigeria and the need for holistic control measures are   discussed.
The Influence of Inadequate Handling Conditions on the Prevalence of Parasites in Commonly Consumed Fluted Pumpkin Leaves (Telfairia occidentalis) in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Kadiene E.U. , Dele-Nwajei B.E. , Oyedokun I.S.
Published: February 2024

Vegetables are crucial for a healthy diet; however, when not washed properly, they can act as carriers of protozoa cysts and helminth  eggs/larvae, posing a risk of transmission. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic contamination of fluted pumpkin  promoted by inadequate handling conditions in Delta State, Nigeria. Samples of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin vegetables) were  collected from Effurun town and Otokutu local markets in washed and unwashed conditions and examined for parasitic contamination.  An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-economic factors associated with parasitic  contaminations on vegetables. The vegetable samples were examined using the simple sedimentation concentration method. The  educational status of the vendors was ascertained, and 75% of the vendors had secondary school education, while 25% had primary  school education. Four hundred seventyeight parasitic contaminants were recovered from the 48 vegetables samples. The species and  stages of parasites detected were Trichuris spp, Moniezia spp, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides spp,  Hookworm eggs, Strongyle eggs Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, Schistostoma spp, Platynosomum fastosum and Eimeria spp. Fifty per  cent (50%) of the produce was not washed, while 50% of the produce was washed before displaying by the retailers. The result from the  paired t-test revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in total parasitic contamination between washed and unwashed vegetable samples  from both Effurun and Otokutu markets. This study showed that handling conditions of washing and the environment where vegetables  are sold can influence the amount of parasitic load. Therefore, adequate washing and proper handling of raw edible vegetables before  consumption are recommended. The government must create awareness and educate vegetable vendors about the importance of  proper handling and hygiene, as they can play a major role in mitigating public health issues.
Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Pseudotolithus species from Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Bakare O.C. , Agboola O.A. , Adegbehingbe K.O.
Published: February 2024

The gastrointestinal helminth parasitic fauna of Pseudotolithus specimens, an economically important group of fishes fromLagos Lagoon, was examined to describe the effects of gastrointestinal helminth parasites on the state of health ofPseudotolithusspecies at Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Fish specimens obtained from Makoko Fish Market were sacrificedfrom October 2019 to March 2020, and gastrointestinal helminth parasites were isolated. Pseudotolithus typhus (n = 76),Pseudotolithus elongatus(n = 104) and Pseudotolithus senegalensis(n = 120) were among the 300 fish specimens that wereanalysed. In total, 186 out of 300 fish specimens (62.0%) were found to have gastrointestinal helminth parasites after sixmonths of sample collection. Pseudotolithus senegalensis had the highest prevalence of infection, 76 (63.3%), followed by P.elongatus, 68 (65.4%) and P. typhus, 42 (55.3%), which had the lowest prevalence of infection. Five species of parasites,Capillaria sp., Echinocephalus sp., Orneoascaris sp., Diphyllobothrium latum, and Neochinorhyncus sp., were isolated.Neochinorhyncus and Orneoascarissp. had the highest prevalence among all Pseudotolithusspecies. The overall prevalenceof infection, 77 (41.4%), was recorded in Capillaria sp., while the least prevalence, 08 (4.3%), was from Echinocephalussp.The total prevalence for the present study is 62.0%. There was no significant difference in infection levels (P>0.05) betweenthe two sexes, suggesting that neither sex was reliably affected by the parasite. Pseudotolithus species show a highprevalence of gastrointestinal helminths with a heavy parasitic burden, which may compromise the productivity,marketability, palatability, and or death of fish.
Evaluation of Endoparasites in Oreochromis aureus, Amia calva and Clarias gariepinus, in Ase River, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Osaji-Nwafili P.N. , Sam-Wobo S.O. , Nmorsi O.P.G.
Published: February 2024

Parasites constitute a major problem for fish health and their prevalence hamper fish growth and productivity by increasing their  morbidity and mortality. Fish endoparasites are often associated with zoonotic disease in humans. The aim of this study was to determine  the endoparasitic prevalence and feeding habits of Oreochromis aureus, Amia calva and Clarias gariepinus, in Ase River, Delta  State, Nigeria. Atotal of 104 fish comprising of 40 O. aureus, 21 A. calva and 43 C. gariepinus were collected from seven locations of  the river during dry and wet seasons, for parasitological investigations. The livers, gills, muscles, small and large intestines of fish  specimens were examined, and the sex determination was done by physical observation of the genital papilla, which appeared long in  males and reddish round in females. From the specimens, 96 (92.3%) had 191 overall endoparasitic loads. The highest and lowest  percentage abundance of 51.18% and 13.08% were recorded in Locations 1 and 4 had respectively. Of the 96 infected fish, 29 (29.8%) were  male and 68 (70.1%) female, indicating a much higher infection rate in females. On prevalence abundance across species, A. calva  was highest with 21(100%). C. gariepinus was 40 (93.0%) and O. aureus was least with 35(87.5%). The study also identified a total of 21 endoparasites in five taxonomic groups; Protozoans (32.46%), Nematode (38.74%), Annelid (3.66%), Trematode (15.70%) and Cestode  (9.42%). The mean intensity of parasitic load showed 58.6, 37.0 and 31.6 to be moderately, highly and slightly affected. ANOVA result on  prevalence indicated a significant distribution of endoparasites across specimens (P<0.05; P=0.001). Considering the effect of parasites on  fish morbidity and mortality, human food-borne zoonoses, there is need for the communities and industries on the riverbank to  adopt right policies for water pollution control.
Spatiotemporal Variation Analyses of Water Quality, Fish Ecological Guilds, and the Longitudinal Connectivity in Musim Stream
Authors: Cho Min Jae , Kim Ji Yoon , Jin Sang-Hyeon , Choi Hyeji , Lee Hyuk Je , Ki Seo Jin , Bae Dae-Yeul , An Kwang-Guk
Published: February 2024

The main objectives of this study were to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of water quality, fish ecological guilds and longitudinal connectivity in the weirs of Musim Stream. Fish were collected at 44 sites during spring and fall seasons for the analysis of trophic guilds, tolerance guilds, and the ecological stream health, based on FAI model. Total 33 species were observed in the stream and the dominant species were Zacco platypus and Squalidus qracilis majimae. Mean values of BOD and COD, as an indicator of organic matter pollution, showed high in the drought spring and low in fall (post-monsoon season). Also, TP showed same pattern with the BOD and COD pattern. The hierarchical clustering, based on the fish compositions, classified as three groups (up-stream, mid-stream and the down-stream). Based on the NMDS (Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) analysis of fish abundance, high similarity was observed between S1-S5 sites, which were consistent with the results of hierarchical cluster analysis. Fish ecological guilds in the upper stream showed a high similarity between the insectivore and sensitive species, while in the middle and lower reaches, high similarity was found between the omnivore and intermediate species. Evaluations of longitudinal connectivity, based on the structural and hydrological characteristics of the weir, indicated all disconnections by the weirs, except for S15, in the spring. Stream ecological health, based on the FAI model, was significantly (p < 0.05, n=37) influenced by the height of overflow (Hu1). Overall, our study suggests that the longitudinal connectivity, based on the weir structures, flow regime and fish swimming capacity, were blocked off by the weirs in the stream. The results provide valuable insights for securing river management strategies and served as the fundamental data for stream restoration in the future.
Stabilization of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Around an Abandoned Mine Using Starfish(Asterina pectinifera) and Cockle Shell
Authors: Park Se Hyun , Kim Ye Sol , Park Sang Hyeop , Moon Deok Hyun
Published: February 2024

Objectives:The soil around waste mine sites can be contaminated with heavy metals by mine tailings and leachate, and heavy metals can accumulate in the body through crops harvested from contaminated soil. The stabilization method is often applied to the restoration of contaminated soil around abandoned mines, but it is necessary to develop natural stabilizers that are not harmful to the environment. In this study, starfish(Asterina pectinifera) and cockle shells were evaluated as stabilizers for arsenic and heavy metal(Pb, Zn) contaminated soil.Methods:Starfish and cockle shells were processed into -#10 mesh, -#20 mesh, and calcined (900℃, 2hr) -#10 mesh to evaluate their characteristics through XRD and XRF analyses. The stabilized soil was eluted at 0.1 N HCl. Then the stabilization efficiency was evaluated with ICP-OES analysis, and the stabilization mechanism was identified with SEM-EDX analysis. Afterwards, lettuce was cultivated in the stabilized soil and the concentration of heavy metals transferred from the soil to the lettuce was evaluated.Results and Discussion:The calcination process converts the CaCO3 in the natural stabilizer into CaO. Arsenic and heavy metals are effectively immobilized within the soil through pozzolanic reactions and Ca-As precipitation. Nitric acid decomposition of lettuce grown in the stabilized soil demonstrated the absence of arsenic, meeting the safety standards outlined in the Korean Food Standard Codex.Conclusion:The stabilization of soil contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals by starfish and cockle shell was confirmed to be attributed to pozzolanic reactions and the formation of insoluble precipitates. In addition, they could be used as natural waste stabilizers based on their high calcium carbonate content.
Performance and Microbial Community analysis on denitrification of electronic wastewater using various External Carbon Source
Authors: Song Hyunjun , Kim Taegeun , Cha HyeonJung , Jung SungYeop
Published: February 2024

Objectives:In the biological denitrification process of electronic wastewater, the denitrification performance of various types of external carbon sources and the changes in the bacterial community before and after denitrification were evaluated through NGS analysis.Methods:After selecting 6 types of external carbon sources, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was analyzed for 6 hours under anoxic conditions with a C/N ratio of 4 to evaluate the denitrification rate, and the changes in the community distribution of bacteria before and after denitrification were confirmed through NGS analysis.Results and Discussion:As a result of comparing the denitrification performance of various external carbon sources, Ethylene glycol(EG) was the best at 79.9% after 6 hours, and the specific denitrification rate(SDNR) was 1.000mg NO3--N removal/g MLVSS·hr. The bacterial community change using NGS was distributed more than 90% of 10 phylums at the phylum level, and Proteobacteria, Saccharibacteria, and Chloroflexi were dominant, and among them, Saccharibacteria< and Chloroflexi were confirmed to be bacteria contributing to denitrification. At class and genus level, when a external carbon source was added, the number of γ-proteobacteria increased in all experimental conditions, but the distribution of denitrifying bacteria was less than 1.27%, indicating that various bacteria contributed to denitrification. Conclusion:In the case of Ethylene glycol(EG), it is judged that it can be used as an external carbon source, and there was no significant change in the community depending on the type of carbon source injected, and various bacteria such as <Saccharibacteria and Chloroflexi contributed to denitrification and eliminated nitrogen pollutants.
Analysis of Criminal Policy against Perpetrators of Terrorism Crimes: Perspectives on the Death Penalty and Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Prabowo Agung , Amal Moh Alfi , Pirdaus Dede Irman
Published: February 2024

The extent of the terrorist network in Indonesia threatens the threat and integrity of the Republic of Indonesia, manifested in broad trends, organization and systematic networks. Terrorist attacks are increasingly brutal, targeting innocent civilians. The threat is increasingly complex with increasing radicalization and online recruitment, requiring comprehensive action, including cooperation with government agencies, security forces, intelligence, and civil society, as well as a comprehensive approach involving intelligence, community participation, and addressing the root causes of radicalization to eradicate terrorist networks . Eradicating criminal acts of terrorism is a serious challenge for the Indonesian government, with one of the complicated aspects being the implementation of the death penalty against perpetrators of terrorism. This article analyzes Indonesian criminal policy, explains the method of punishment, the Human Rights (HAM) perspective, and critical views on the death penalty. In conclusion, it is important to strike a balance between efforts to enforce the death law and the desire for the principles of human rights and justice in the context of eradicating terrorism. Continuous evaluation of the application of the death law and open dialogue involving various parties are the keys to reaching an agreement that upholds humanitarian values and justice in efforts to overcome criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia.
Coping Strategies for Work-Family Conflict among Working Housewives in Cipatujah Village, Tasikmalaya Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Kalfin  , Andrian Riza , Hadiaty Siti
Published: February 2024

This research addresses the escalating phenomenon of working mothers in Indonesia, particularly in Cipatujah Village, Tasikmalaya Regency. With nearly 30 percent of married women engaged in employment, the study focuses on the work-family conflict experienced by these working housewives and aims to uncover their coping strategies. The literature review emphasizes the scarcity of research on coping efforts from the perspective of working women, particularly in developing country contexts like Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores the experiences of six working homemakers managing dual roles through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal diverse types of work-family conflict, including time-based, strain-based, and behavior-based conflicts. The coping strategies employed by these housewives vary, encompassing problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and a combination of both. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into the challenges faced by working housewives in a specific rural context. The variations in coping strategies underscore the importance of recognizing individual differences and the complexity of work and family contexts. The study advocates for tailored support systems and policies, considering cultural values and grassroots-level experiences. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of coping mechanisms for work-family conflict among working mothers in Indonesia, offering valuable implications for policymakers and future research endeavors.
Unverricht-Lundborg Disease: Tackling the Challenges of a Complex Clinical Picture
Authors: Ferreira dos Santos Mafalda , Laço Mário , Robalo Conceição , Palavra Filipe
Published: February 2024

Unverricht-Lundborg disease (ULD), also called progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1, is characterized by stimulus-induced myoclonus and seizures without major progressive cognitive deficit, usually presenting during late childhood and early adolescence. It is an autosomal recessive disease, and, so far, only pathogenic variants in the gene encoding cystatin B (CSTB) have been described. We report the case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and developed paroxysmal myoclonic events over several years. The patient was started on antiseizure medication, but disease progression resulted in several changes to the therapeutic scheme, with highly variable clinical responses. The genetic study detected the pathogenic variant c.67-1G>C p.(?) in heterozygosity in the CSTB gene, after having identified the typical dodecameric expansion in the other allele, confirming the diagnosis of ULD.
Can a Plegic Leg Move Itself?
Authors: Borges Catarina , Costa André , Velon Ana Graça , Mendes Michel
Published: February 2024

The spinal cord is responsible for several types of involuntary movements, from segmental spinal myoclonus to stepping automated movements generated by spinal central pattern generators (CPG). We present the case of a 47-year-old inpatient woman admitted for suspected spondylodiscitis. Immediate neurologic evaluation was requested in day 2 due to involuntary movements. The neurological examination revealed paraplegia with hyperreflexia, bilateral Babinski’s sign, thermal-algic and tactile sensory level by T5 and proprioceptive compromise of the lower limbs.
Involuntary, stimulus-sensitive, wide, rhythmic and stereotyped movements of the left lower limb were observed, involving several muscle groups, similar to stepping movements. Further investigation documented myelopathy secondary to dorsal extradural lesion D2-D3, whose excision led to the complete resolution of these movements. Given the characteristics of these movements, we assume that they are stepping automatism movements generated by CPG.
Analisis Ekuitas Pemerintah Pusat
Authors: Anggraini Yulistria , Irfan Rizaldi Muhammad , Adik Haryo
Published: February 2024

This study is prepared to analyze the causes of the declining trend in central government equity and further identify steps that the Government can take in anticipating the decline in equity. This research was conducted using descriptive analysis methods by analyzing trends in financial statements and comparing with policies and regulations that occurred in the reporting year so that it could not present further information about the reasons or considerations of the Government related to a policy that could increase / decrease equity significantly. As a result, this policy involves a formulation strategy with prudential and planned principles, especially in medium-term fiscal policy. The impact includes an increase in financing expenditures to cover the budget deficit, especially in operational expenditures.
O novo universo das doenças imunorreguladoras primárias e das causas monogênicas das doenças reumáticas imunomediadas
Authors: Nascimento Renan Rodrigues Neves Ribeiro , Vasconcelos Dewton de Moraes
Published: February 2024

As doenças imunorreguladoras primárias (DIRP) são um grupo heterogêneo de doenças que incluem fenômenos alérgicos graves, distúrbios linfoproliferativos, doenças autoimunes, doenças autoinflamatórias (DAI), assim como imunodeficiência e susceptibilidade a infecções. Apesar de sua raridade, à medida que nossa capacidade de descobrir novos fenótipos e melhorar a precisão do diagnóstico se expande, as DIRP continuarão a representar um desafio para os reumatologistas. Ao longo da última década, tem havido um interesse crescente em enfermidades que causam autoimunidade e autoinflamação como parte de doenças reumáticas imunomediadas. Isso levou a uma melhor compreensão da desregulação imunitária e terapias inovadoras e direcionadas para as DIRP. Nesta revisão, exploramos esse novo universo das DIRP e como os reumatologistas podem desempenhar um papel crítico em seus cuidados de saúde. Descrevemos também alguns dos desafios que enfrentaremos nas próximas décadas.

Unitermos: doenças imunorreguladoras primárias; doença autoinflamatória; imunodesregulação; erros inatos da imunidade; doenças reumáticas imunomediadas.
Síndrome SAPHO versus CRMO: existem doenças autoinflamatórias no mundo das espondiloartrites?
Authors: Golebiovski Rywka Tenenbaum Medeiros , Pinheiro Marcelo de Medeiros
Published: February 2024

A síndrome SAPHO (acrônimo para sinovite, acne, pustulose, hiperostose e osteíte) é uma rara síndrome autoinflamatória que afeta ossos, articulações e pele, com predomínio em mulheres de meia-idade. A etiologia desta síndrome é multifatorial, envolvendo possíveis fatores infecciosos, imunológicos e genéticos, embora ainda não esteja completamente elucidada. As manifestações clínicas da SAPHO compartilham semelhanças com outras condições, como artrite psoriásica e espondiloartrite axial, mas se caracteriza principalmente por osteíte não infecciosa, hiperostose e sinovite na parede torácica anterior, frequentemente acompanhadas de manifestações dermatológicas, como acne e pustulose palmoplantar. A complexidade do diagnóstico é agravada pela falta de critérios diagnósticos definitivos e controvérsias sobre sua classificação nos grupos de espondiloartrites ou doenças autoinflamatórias. A osteomielite crônica não bacteriana (CNO) é uma doença óssea autoinflamatória que afeta principalmente crianças e adolescentes. A CNO esporádica cobre um amplo espectro clínico, desde inflamação óssea monofocal leve, limitada no tempo, até inflamação óssea multifocal grave, cronicamente ativa ou recorrente. Essa apresentação mais grave é chamada de osteomielite multifocal crônica recorrente (sigla em inglês: CRMO). Devido às suas semelhanças, muitos autores consideram a CRMO um subtipo da síndrome SAPHO. Este artigo visa a fornecer uma visão atualizada sobre a síndrome SAPHO e a CRMO, debatendo sua epidemiologia, etiopatogenia, classificação, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e opções terapêuticas, bem como as similaridades e diferenças entre elas e as espondiloartrites.

Unitermos: doenças autoinflamatórias; espondiloartrites; SAPHO; imunidade inata; CRMO.
Sarcoidose: epidemiologia, patogênese, diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Giardini Henrique Ayres Mayrink , Landim Joaquim Ivo Vasques Dantas , Ferrari Luis Fernando Fernandes , Cordeiro Rafael Alves
Published: February 2024

A sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa multissistêmica com manifestações clínicas heterogêneas e patogênese complexa. Acredita-se que exposições ambientais em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos sejam responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da doença. A incidência e prevalência variam conforme a região geográfica e etnia, sendo mais comum em afro-americanos e indivíduos do norte da Europa. Pulmões e linfonodos torácicos são os sítios mais acometidos, embora qualquer órgão possa ser afetado, com destaque para a pele, olhos, coração, sistema nervoso, fígado, rins e sistema musculoesquelético. O prognóstico é amplamente variável; existem formas com remissão espontânea até casos com curso progressivo, disfunção de órgãos e aumento da morbimortalidade. O diagnóstico geralmente é baseado na identificação tecidual de granuloma não caseoso em paciente com apresentação clínica compatível e mediante a exclusão de diagnósticos alternativos. Os glicocorticoides representam o pilar do tratamento medicamentoso e podem ser associados aos imunossupressores convencionais ou imunobiológicos (anti-TNF) em casos mais graves. Por ser uma doença multifacetada com amplo diagnóstico diferencial, a sarcoidose representa um importante desafio na prática clínica do reumatologista. Neste artigo, os autores discutem aspectos da epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, apresentações clínicas, investigação, diagnósticos diferenciais e abordagens terapêuticas da sarcoidose.

Unitermos: sarcoidose; granuloma; inflamação; fibrose; diagnóstico diferencial.
Analisis Review Pengunjung Hotel Syariah Daerah Tapal Kuda Berbasis Online
Authors: Dermawan Bayu Koko , Sodiqin Dimas Herliandhis , Bashori Dofir Catur
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat ketertarikan pengunjung hotel syariah terhadap konsep syariah yang di sajikan oleh pihak hotel syariah , serta faktor faktor apa saja yang menjadi penentu pengunjung hotel syariah memilih memesan kamar di perhotelan syariah di daerah tapal kuda yaitu terdapat 6 hotel syariah yaitu Hotel Dalwa Syariah Pasuruan, Hotel Sevendream Syariah Jember, Hotel Tentrem Syariah Probolinggo, Hotel Istiqlah Syariah Banyuwangi, Hotel Reddoorz Syariah Bondowoso, Hotel Khayyira Syariah Lumajang. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini yaitu 200 review dari 3 aplikasi yaitu aplikasi google maps aplikasi traveloka dan aplikasi tiket.com. Dengan sampel pengunjung hotel syariah yang melakukan review pada 3 aplikasi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ketertarikan pengunjung hotel syariah didaerah tapal kuda sebesar 18,48% terhadap konsep syariah hotel syariah yang ada didaerah tapal kuda. Faktor yang menjadi penentu pengunjung hotel syariah memesan kembali yakni terdapat 9 faktor antara lain kebersihan hotel, kenyamanan pengunjung hotel syariah, dekat dengan mushollah/ ada fasilitas mushollah, penyediaan fasilitas al quran dan sejadah, kelengkapan fasilitas, playground, berkonsep islam.
Mindset Kewirausahaan Pada Mahasiswa Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Ibrahimy Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam
Authors: Hamidah M Icha Nadhirotul , Hermawan Haris , Rusdiyanto
Published: February 2024

Wirausaha adalah seseorang yang inovatif, kreatif, dan mampu mewujudkan kreativitasnya dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan diri di lingkungan masyarakat. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka dapat dirumuskan permasalahan yaitu Bagaimana mindset kewirausahaan mahasiswa Ibrahimy Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam dan Bagaimana dukungan akademik dalam mendukung kewirausahaan mahasiswa Ibrahimy Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam. Mata kuliah kewirausahaan ini sudah sesuai dengan RPS yang disusun oleh fakultas. Pelatihan kewirausahaan diantaranya, pertama: mem-berikan pemahaman kepada mahasiswa dalam mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan kewirausahaan. Agar dapat mendapatkan manfaat dari pelatihan yang diikuti. Dalam pelatihan tersebut juga diberikan pemahaman ketika memulai berwirausaha, misalnya dengan memahami bagaimana memulai usaha dengan baik dan memiliki inovasi terhadap usahanya. Kedua, bagaimana meningkatkan wirausaha yang berkualitas dan semangat berwirausaha, sehingga mahasiswa itu bisa mengetahui apa kemampuan dari mahasiswa tersebut. Mindset kewirausahaan pada mahasiswa di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam di IAI Ibrahimy Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi untuk pengembangan karir para mahasiswa ketika mahasiswa akan lulus menjadi sarjana karena mahasiswa dibekali agar memiliki pola pikir memulai berwirausaha. Selain itu, terbukti mereka-mereka membuat usaha-usaha yang bisa memberi kontribusi bagi dirinya sendiri, keluarga maupun masyarakat sekitar. Menerapkan pendidikan kewirausahaan dalam perkuliahan untuk membangkitkan mindset berwirausaha dan minat berwirausaha pada mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam IAI Ibrahimy Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan mengintegrasikan materi dalam bentuk pembelajaran dan bentuk praktik.
Pola Pengasuhan Berbasis Keluarga dalam Pembentukan Karakter Kristen Anak Remaja di Panti Asuhan “Budi Mulia” Pekutatan, Jembrana Bali
Authors: Runkat Elsye Ribkah , Heryanto Doni , Najoan Noldy
Published: February 2024

This article provides significant insight regarding family-based parenting patterns which have strong implication for shaping the Christian character of adolescent children raised in a social community in a Christian orphanage. Basing a family-based parenting pattern on the Bible is a very appropriate choice because the principles of family-based parenting pattern, as taught by Moses to the Israelities, have had a long-term impact in which the personality of the Israelitie family was formed according to the tradition stated by God in Deuteronomy 6:4-9. This family-based parenting pattern was also exemplified by the Lord Jesus in His life and ministry, becoming an inspiration that is able to transform the character of teenegers undergoing a typical crisis at the age of searching for self-identity. The result guarantee expectations rather than maintaining a collective parenting pattern that provides general attention without considering the uniquesness of each individual adolescent child who is still experiencing ongoing identity struggles. So the family-based parenting pattern according to the Bible for teenegers at the “Budi Mulia” orphanage in Pekutatan, Jembrana Bali will soon be realized continuously or sustainably. This paper was preceded by qualitative research on leaders, caregevers, spiritual mentors, and several teenegers aged 12 to 18 years, as concrete experiences and events for a credible, constructive an tranformative solution.Artikel ini memberikan pemahaman signifikan terkait pola pengasuhan berbasis keluarga yang berimplikasi kuat membentuk karakter kristiani anak remaja diasuh dalam sebuah komunitas sosial di panti asuhan Kristen. Mendasari pola pengasuhan berbasis keluarga pada Alkitab merupakan pilihan yang sangat tepat karena prinsip-prinsip pola pengasuhan berbasis keluarga, seperti diajarkan Musa kepada bangsa Israel telah memberi dampak jangka panjang di mana kepribadian keluarga Israel terbentuk menurut tradisi yang difirmankan Tuhan dalam Ulangan 6:4-9. Pola pengasuhan berbasis keluarga ini pun diteladankan oleh Tuhan Yesus dalam hidup dan kehidupan pelayanan-Nya menjadi inspirasi yang mampu mentransformasi karakter anak remaja menjalani krisis khas di usia pencarian identitas diri. Hasilnya lebih menjamin ekspektasi ketimbang mempertahankan pola pengasuhan kolektif yang memberikan perhatian secara umum tanpa mempertimbangkan keunikan setiap individu anak remaja yang sedang mengalami pergumulan identitas masih berlangsung. Maka pola pengasuhan berbasis keluarga sesuai Alkitab bagi anak remaja di panti asuhan “Budi Mulia” Pekutatan, Jembrana Bali segera direalisasikan secara terus-menerus atau berkelanjutan. Karya tulis ini telah didahului penelitian kualitatif terhadap pemimpin, pengasuh, pembina rohani, dan beberapa anak remaja usia 12 tahun hingga 18 tahun, sebagai pengalaman dan peristiwa kongkret bagi suatu solusi kredibel, konstruktif, dan transformatif.
Ketekunan Spiritual: Kompetensi Karakter Pelayan Tuhan dalam Narasi 2 Timotus 1:1-18
Authors: Lawa Jonatan Ivan Jemy , Sutikto Sutikto
Published: February 2024

Problems and challenges as a servant of God are things that always happen, many of which become withdrawn and do not act as expected. This problem can be a difficult challenge for anyone who is specifically called to serve God. This article uses qualitative methods to expose verse 2 Timothy 1:1-18, arguing this research for the importance of God's servants building a theology of perseverance as saints in carrying out their ministry duties. focuses on Paul's advice to Timothy to persevere as a constructive point in building pastoral theology. The aim of the research is to understand the socio-psychological context of Timothy and the situation of the church in Ephesus, explore the theological message, and highlight the challenges of Timothy's ministry. Findings show that perseverance in ministry is a key element, expressed through Paul's admonitions, with analysis of the Biblical text identifying the characteristics of God's servants. The results of the research include understanding the call to ministry, Timothy's specific challenges, and the importance of perseverance in the success of God's ministry. This article significantly enriches theological and practical understanding regarding Christian ministry, encouraging further reflection on the integration of the principles of 2 Timothy in the context of modern church ministry. Tantangan sebagai pelayan Tuhan bukan masalah biasa, banyak diantaranya menjadi mundur dan tidak berperan sesuai harapan. Masalah ini bisa menjadi tantangan yang berat bagi siapapun yang terpanggil khusus melayani Tuhan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengeksposisi ayat 2 Timotius 1:1-18, argumentasi penelitian ini pentingnya pelayan Allah membangun teologi ketekunan sebagai orang-orang kudus dalam menjalani tugas pelayanan. fokus pada nasehat-nasehat Paulus kepada Timotius untuk bertekun menjadi titik konstruktif membangun teologi pastoral. Tujuan penelitian adalah memahami konteks sosio-psikologis Timotius dan situasi gereja di Efesus, mengeksplorasi pesan teologis, serta menyoroti tantangan pelayanan Timotius. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa ketekunan dalam pelayanan adalah elemen kunci, diungkapkan melalui nasihat-nasehat Paulus, dengan analisis teks Alkitab mengidentifikasi karakteristik pelayan Tuhan. Hasil penelitian mencakup pemahaman panggilan pelayanan, tantangan spesifik Timotius, dan pentingnya ketekunan dalam kesuksesan pelayanan Tuhan. Penelitian ini memberi kontribusi signifikan untuk memperkaya pemahaman teologis dan praktis terkait pelayanan kristiani, mendorong refleksi lebih lanjut tentang integrasi prinsip-prinsip 2 Timotius dalam konteks pelayanan gereja modern.
Harapan Kristen: Antara Keterlibatan Ilahi dan Paradoks Ketersembunyian dalam Dinamika Kehidupan Manusia
Authors: Hehakaya Bernhard , Manno Daud , Oko Oral
Published: February 2024

This article explores the important role of hope in the Christian life by exploring the concept of hope in the Bible and the development of the theology of hope from the Old Testament to the New Testament. This research highlights that Christian hope is not just optimism based on current conditions, but a belief in divine promises that create new forces from outside the current situation. Theological analysis emphasizes the role of perseverance in nurturing hope amidst challenges and suffering. The article also discusses the paradox between divine involvement and God's hiddenness, emphasizing that Christian hope cannot always be predicted from the current situation, but rather stems from the promise of a certain future existence for humans. The results of this research say that hope is not just an emotional aspect or optimism, but a certainty that grows from belief in God who is involved in every aspect of life. Through this paradox, hope becomes a driver of courage and strength, creating a firm anchor that guides the steps of His people on the journey of life. Artikel ini mendalam tentang peran penting harapan dalam kehidupan Kristen dengan mengeksplorasi konsep harapan dalam Alkitab dan perkembangan teologi pengharapan dari Perjanjian Lama hingga Perjanjian Baru. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa harapan Kristen tidak hanya sekadar optimisme berdasarkan kondisi saat ini, tetapi sebuah keyakinan pada janji-janji ilahi yang menciptakan kekuatan baru dari luar situasi kini. Analisis teologis menekankan peran ketekunan dalam merawat harapan di tengah tantangan dan penderitaan. Artikel juga membahas paradoks antara keterlibatan ilahi dan ketersembunyian Tuhan, menegaskan bahwa harapan Kristen tidak selalu dapat diprediksi dari situasi saat ini, melainkan bersumber dari janji keberadaan masa depan yang pasti bagi manusia. Hasil penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa harapan bukan hanya aspek emosional atau optimisme, tetapi kepastian yang tumbuh dari keyakinan akan Tuhan yang terlibat dalam setiap aspek kehidupan. Melalui paradoks ini, harapan menjadi pendorong keberanian dan kekuatan, menciptakan suatu jangkar kokoh yang memandu langkah umat-Nya dalam perjalanan kehidupan.
The Battle of Antibiotics: A Study of Herbal and Modern Medicine
Authors:   King Mongkut’s International Demonstration School, Bangkok, Thailand, Jantararotai Wiracha , Duke Pakawan ,   King Mongkut’s International Demonstration School, Bangkok, Thailand
Published: February 2024

In Thailand during the pandemic of Covid-19, it was firmly believed that a traditional herb could cure the symptoms and reduce the incubation time of the SARS-COV virus. Despite all that, there are also many other diseases and symptoms that were believed to be cured better by herbal antibiotics. This research aims to investigate the performance of herbal antibiotics, in comparison to the modern antibiotics which are internationally recognized. The research has been done by gathering 6 samples of antibiotics with 3 of modern antibiotics, Amoxicillin, Roxithromycin and Norfloxacin, and 3 of herbal antibiotics, Turmeric, Garlic, Green Chiretta (“Fah Talai Jone” in Thai language.) The medicines are added with recommended dosage per day of each, into serial diluted E. Coli cultures by using the plate pour method. All the samples were incubated for 72 hours and were taken out to collectively count the colonies. The alternative hypothesis of the research was that the modern antibiotics will perform better than the herbal antibiotics. As a result, the alternative hypothesis was proven true. Garlic and Roxithromycin work the best with 100% and the others relatively lesser. Green Chiretta on the other hand, had 32.38% efficiency which was the least.
Characteristics and Meaning of the Tao of Being Human in Nguyen DinhChieu's Thought
Authors:   University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Trang Nguyen Thanh Thuy
Published: February 2024

The Tao of being human is one of the unique contents in Nguyen Dinh Chieu's thought. Nguyen Dinh Chieu's concept of human morality demonstrates the following characteristics: simplicity and universality, sincerity but profoundness, imbued with the spirit of humanity. With such content and characteristics, Nguyen Dinh Chieu's concept of human morality has great significance in both theory and practice, contributing to enriching the nation's human morality as well as contributing to defining the human morality of the nation guide and educate good values in the lives of Vietnamese people in today's society.