bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DBDA matrix increases ion abundance of fatty acids and sulfatides in MALDI-TOF and mass spectrometry imaging studies
Authors: Khamidova Nigina , Pergande Melissa R. , Pathmasiri Koralege C. , Khan Rida , Mohr Justin T. , Cologna Stephanie M.
Published: January 2023

MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool to analyze biomolecules owing to its soft ionization nature and generally results in simple spectra of singly charged ions. Moreover, implementation of the technology in imaging mode provides a means to spatially map analytes in situ. Recently, a new matrix, DBDA (N1,N4-dibenzylidenebenzene-1,4-diamine) was reported to facilitate the ionization of free fatty acids in the negative ion mode. Building on this finding, we sought to implement DBDA for MALDI mass spectrometry imaging studies in brain tissue and successfully map oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid using mouse brain sections. Moreover, we hypothesized that DBDA would provide superior ionization for sulfatides, a class of sulfolipids, with multiple biological functions. Herein we also demonstrate that DBDA is ideal for MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of fatty acids and sulfatides in brain tissue sections. Additionally, we show enhanced ionization of sulfatides using DBDA compared to three different traditionally used MALDI matrices. Together these results provide new opportunities for studies to measure sulfatides by MALDI-TOF MS including in imaging modes.
Neuronal expression of herpes simplex virus type-1 VP16 protein induces pseudorabies virus escape from silencing and reactivation by activating Jun
Authors: Hsu Zhi-Shan , Engel Esteban A. , Enquist Lynn W. , Koyuncu Orkide O.
Published: January 2023

Alpha herpesvirus (α-HV) particles enter their hosts from mucosal surfaces and efficiently maintain fast transport in peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons to establish infections in the peripheral ganglia. The path from axons to distant neuronal nuclei is challenging to dissect due to the difficulty of monitoring early events in a dispersed neuron culture model. We have established well-controlled, reproducible, and reactivateable latent infections in compartmented rodent neurons by infecting physically isolated axons with a small number of viral particles. This system not only recapitulates the physiological infection route, but also facilitates independent treatment of isolated cell bodies or axons. Consequently, this system enables study not only of the stimuli that promote reactivation, but also the factors that regulate the initial switch from productive to latent infection. Adeno associated virus (AAV) mediated expression of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) VP16 alone in neuronal cell bodies enabled the escape from silencing of incoming pseudorabies virus (PRV) genomes. Furthermore, expression of HSV VP16 alone reactivated a latent PRV infection in this system. Surprisingly, expression of PRV VP16 protein supported neither PRV escape from silencing nor reactivation. We compared transcription transactivation activity of both VP16 proteins in primary neurons by RNA sequencing and found that these homolog viral proteins produce different gene expression profiles. AAV transduced HSV VP16 specifically induced expression of proto-oncogenes including Jun and Pim2. In addition, HSV VP16 induces phosphorylation of Jun in neurons, and when this activity is inhibited, escape of PRV silencing is dramatically reduced.
Contrasting patterns of somatic mutations in neurons and glia reveal differential predisposition to disease in the aging human brain
Authors: Ganz Javier , Luquette Lovelace J. , Bizzotto Sara , Bohrson Craig L. , Jin Hu , Miller Michael B. , Zhou Zinan , Galor Alon , Park Peter J. , Walsh Christopher A.
Published: January 2023

Characterizing the mechanisms of somatic mutations in the brain is important for understanding aging and disease, but little is known about the mutational patterns of different cell types. We performed whole-genome sequencing of 71 oligodendrocytes and 51 neurons from neurotypical individuals (0.4 to 104 years old) and identified >67,000 somatic single nucleotide variants (sSNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels). While both cell types accumulate mutations with age, oligodendrocytes accumulate sSNVs 69% faster than neurons (27/year versus 16/year) whereas indels accumulate 42% slower (1.8/year versus 3.1/year). Correlation with single-cell RNA and chromatin accessibility from the same brains revealed that oligodendrocyte mutations are enriched in inactive genomic regions and are distributed similarly to mutations in brain cancers. In contrast, neuronal mutations are enriched in open, transcriptionally active chromatin. These patterns highlight differences in the mutagenic processes in glia and neurons and suggest cell type-specific, age-related contributions to neurodegeneration and oncogenesis.
SMIM36, a novel and conserved microprotein, is involved in retinal lamination in zebrafish
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Ramasamy Soundhar , Khan Yasmeen , Joshi Dheeraj Chandra , Pillai Beena
Published: January 2023

Microproteins are small proteins comprising 2 to 200 amino acids, arising from small Open Reading Frames (smORFs). They are found in different parts of the cell and regulate basic molecular processes like DNA replication, repair, transcription and recombination. SMIM or SMall Integral Membrane proteins are novel, largely uncharacterized, members to the class of microproteins defined by the presence of a transmembrane domain. The retinal transcriptome of zebrafish, reported previously by our group, revealed several novel mRNA transcripts that show oscillating expression in a diurnal manner. Here, we show that one of these transcripts encodes the zebrafish homolog of the human SMIM36 protein, which has not been functionally characterised. This highly conserved microprotein is expressed in the human and zebrafish retina, and efficiently translated in cell lines. Using single-cell RNA-seq datasets, we found that it is expressed in the bipolar cells, rods and Muller glia in the human retina. The knockdown of SMIM36 using splice-block morpholino caused microphthalmia and defects in the retinal layers in zebrafish. Therefore, we show the role of a microprotein in the neural retina thus paving the way for future studies on the role of SMIM proteins in retinal disorders.
At-home saliva sampling in healthy adults using CandyCollect, a lollipop-inspired device
Authors: Tu Wan-chen , McManamen Anika M. , Su Xiaojing , Jeacopello Ingrid , Takezawa Meg G. , Hieber Damielle L. , Hassan Grant W. , Lee Ulri N. , Anana Eden V. , Locknane Mason P. , Stephenson Molly W. , Shinkawa Victoria A. M. , Wald Ellen R. , DeMuri Gregory P. , Adams Karen , Berthier Erwin , Thongpang Sanitta , Theberge Ashleigh B.
Published: January 2023

Respiratory infections are common in children, and there is a need for user-friendly collection methods. Here, we performed the first human subjects study using the CandyCollect device, a lollipop inspired saliva collection device.1We showed the CandyCollect device can be used to collect salivary bacteria from healthy adults usingStreptococcus mutansandStaphylococcus aureusas proof-of-concept commensal bacteria. We enrolled healthy adults in a nationwide (USA) remote study in which participants were sent study packages containing CandyCollect devices and traditional commercially available oral swabs and spit tubes. Participants sampled themselves at home, completed usability and user preference surveys, and mailed the samples back to our laboratory for analysis by qPCR. Our results showed that for participants in which a given bacterium (S. mutansorS. aureus) was detected in one or both of the commercially available methods (oral swab and/or spit tubes), CandyCollect devices had a 100% concordance with the positive result (n=14 participants). Furthermore, the CandyCollect device was ranked the highest preference sampling method among the three sampling methods by 26 participants surveyed (combining survey results across two enrollment groups). We also showed that the CandyCollect device has a shelf life of up to 1 year at room temperature, a storage period that is convenient for clinics or patients to keep the CandyCollect device and use it any time. Taken together, we have demonstrated that the CandyCollect is a user-friendly saliva collection tool that has the potential to be incorporated into diagnostic assays in clinic visits and telemedicine.

For Table of Contents Only
Insm1 regulates the development of mTECs and immune tolerance
Authors: Tao Wehuai , Wei Yiqiu , Ye Zhihuan , Wang Jianxue , Yang Weixin , Yu Guoxing , Xiong Jieyi , Jia Shiqi
Published: January 2023

TheInsm1gene encodes a zinc finger protein with known functions in neuroendocrine cells and neurons. Here we characterized the expression and function ofInsm1in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs).Insm1is co-expressed with Aire in majority of Insm1 or Aire positive cells, while a few Insm1 positive cells did not express Aire. Mutation ofInsm1impair the expression ofAireand the generation of normal numbers of Aire-expressing mTECs during development. We detected downregulation of genes that expressed specifically in Aire-expressing mTEC and mimetic cells inInsm1mutant mTECs. Conversely, whenInsm1was overexpressed in thymic epithelial cellsin vivo, the size of the mTECs compartment was enlarged and the expression ofAireand genes expressed specifically in the neuroendocrine mimetic cells were increased. Mechanistically, Insm1 bound DNA in mTECs and the majority of the Insm1 binding sites were co-occupied by Aire. These Insm1 binding sites were enriched on super-enhancer regions and thus may contributed to remoted regulation. Both, mice with a thymus-specific mutation inInsm1or nude mice transplanted withInsm1mutant thymus, displayed autoimmune responses in multiple peripheral tissues. Together, our data demonstrate a role of Insm1 in development of mTECs and immune tolerance.
PIF transcriptional regulators are required for rhythmic stomatal movements
Authors: Rovira Arnau , Veciana Nil , Locascio Antonella , Yenush Lynne , Leivar Pablo , Monte Elena
Published: January 2023

Stomata govern the gaseous exchange between the leaf and the external atmosphere, and their function is essential for photosynthesis and the global carbon and oxygen cycles. Rhythmic stomata movements in daily dark/light cycles prevent water loss at night and allow CO2uptake during the day. How the actors involved are transcriptionally regulated and how this might contribute to rhythmicity is largely unknown. Here, we show that morning stomata opening depends on the previous night period. The transcription factors PHYTOCHROMEINTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) accumulate at the end of the night and directly induce the guard cell-specific K+channelKAT1. Remarkably, PIFs and KAT1 are required for blue light-induced stomata opening. Together, our data establish a molecular framework for daily rhythmic stomatal movements under well-water conditions, whereby PIFs are required for accumulation of KAT1 at night, which upon activation by blue light in the morning leads to the K+intake driving stomata opening.
A temporal atlas and response to nitrate availability of 3D root system architecture in diverse pennycress (Thlaspi arvenseL.) accessions
Authors: Griffiths Marcus , Liu Alexander E , Gunn Shayla L , Mutan Nida M , Morales Elisa Y , Topp Christopher N
Published: January 2023

1

Roots have a central role in plant resource capture and are the interface between the plant and the soil that affect multiple ecosystem processes. Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvenseL.) is a diploid annual cover crop species that has potential utility for reducing soil erosion and nutrient losses; and has rich seeds (30-35% oil) amenable to biofuel production and as a protein animal feed. The objective of this research was to (1) precisely characterize root system architecture and development, (2) understand adaptive responses of pennycress roots to nitrate nutrition, (3) and determine genotypic variance available in root development and nitrate plasticity. Using a root imaging and analysis pipeline, 4D pennycress root system architecture was characterized under four nitrate regimes (from zero to high nitrate concentration) across four time points (days 5, 9, 13, and 17 after sowing). Significant nitrate condition response and genotype interactions were identified for many root traits with greatest impact on lateral root traits. In trace nitrate conditions a greater lateral root count, length, interbranch density, and a steeper lateral root angle was observed compared to high nitrate conditions. Genotype-by-nitrate condition interaction was observed for root width, width:depth ratio, mean lateral root length, and lateral root density. These results illustrate root trait variance available in pennycress accessions that could be useful targets for breeding of improved nitrate responsive cover crops for greater productivity, resilience, and ecosystem service.
Hypometabolism to survive the long polar night in the diatomFragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Joli Nathalie , Concia Lorenzo , Mocaer Karel , Guterman Julie , Laude Juliette , Guerin Sebastien , Sciandra Theo , Bruyant Flavienne , Ait-Mohamed Ouardia , Beguin Marine , Forget Marie-Helene , Bourbousse Clara , Lacour Thomas , Bailleul Benjamin , Tremblay Jean-Eric , Campbell Douglas , Lavaud Johan , Schwab Yannick , Babin Marcel , Bowler Chris
Published: January 2023

Diatoms, the major eukaryotic phytoplankton in polar regions, are essential to sustain Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems. As such, it is fundamental to understand the physiological mechanisms and associated molecular basis of their resilience to the long polar night. Here, we report an integrative approach revealing that in prolonged darkness, diatom cells enter a state of quiescence associated with reduced metabolic and transcriptional activity during which no cell division occurs. We propose that minimal energy is provided by respiration and degradation of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid stores and that homeostasis is maintained by autophagy in prolonged darkness. We also report internal structural changes that manifest the morphological acclimation of cells to darkness. Our results further indicate that immediately following a return to light, diatom cells are able to use photoprotective mechanisms and rapidly resume photosynthesis. Cell division resumed rates similar to those before darkness. Our study demonstrates the remarkable robustness of polar diatoms to prolonged darkness at low temperatures.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

To survive the long winter, polar diatoms slow down metabolism and express genes to assure survival following return to light.
Bioorthogonal chemical labelling of endogenous neurotransmitter receptors in living mouse brains
Authors: Nonaka Hiroshi , Sakamoto Seiji , Shiraiwa Kazuki , Ishikawa Mamoru , Tamura Tomonori , Okuno Kyohei , Kiyonaka Shigeki , Susaki Etsuo A. , Shimizu Chika , Ueda Hiroki R. , Kakegawa Wataru , Arai Itaru , Yuzaki Michisuke , Hamachi Itaru
Published: January 2023

Neurotransmitter receptors are essential components of synapses for communication between neurons in the brain. Because the spatiotemporal expression profiles and dynamics of neurotransmitter receptors involved in many functions are delicately governed in the brain,in vivoresearch tools with high spatiotemporal resolution for receptors in intact brains are highly desirable. Covalent chemical labelling of proteins without genetic manipulation is now a powerful method for analyzing receptorsin vitro. However, selective target receptor labelling in the brain has not yet been achieved. This study shows that ligand-directed alkoxyacylimidazole (LDAI) chemistry can be used to selectively tether synthetic probes to target endogenous receptors in living mouse brains. The reactive LDAI reagents with negative charges were found to diffuse well over the whole brain and could selectively label target endogenous receptors, including AMPAR, NMDAR, mGlu1, and GABAAR. This simple and robust labelling protocol was then used for various applications: three-dimensional spatial mapping of endogenous receptors in the brains of healthy and disease-model mice; multi-colour receptor imaging; and pulse-chase analysis of the receptor dynamics in postnatal mouse brains. Here, results demonstrated that bioorthogonal receptor modification in living animal brains may provide innovative molecular tools that contribute to the in-depth understanding of complicated brain functions.
Alternative equations and “pseudo-statistical” approaches that enhance the precision of initial rates for the determination of kinetic parameters
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I.
Published: January 2023

A burning concern among researchers studying enzyme kinetics has been ways of improving the accuracy of initial rates (v) with much greater precision. The goal of this study was to establish a formal (mathematical) way of achieving more accuratevvalues in enzyme assay. By adopting Bernfeld method of assay, thevvalues generated and other values in the literature were explored with two main objectives:1) to derive equations for a correctional calculation of initial rates and for the calculation of Michaelis-Menten (MM) parameters and 2) to evaluate the derived equations. The results of study showed that the maximum velocity (Vmax) and the MM constant (KM) obtained from a robust nonlinear regression (RNR) usingvvalues in the literature were respectively between 21 and 26-fold and 6.56 to 61.2-fold greater than values generated from other method such as double reciprocal plot (drp), reciprocal variant of direct linear plot (RVDLP), and new method (z-model) derived based on MM equation; theVmaxandKMvalues (for alpha-amylase) calculated based on the RVDLP using the uncorrectedvvalues were respectively 1.26- and 1.264-fold greater than the values using correctedvvalues; based on thezmethod, theVmaxandKMvalues using the uncorrectedvvalues were 179.8- and 9.35-fold greater than the values using their corrected counterparts. In conclusion, the erroneous initial rates can be corrected using new equations before fitting RNR, RVDLP, drp, and any other equation to the correctedvvalues for the determination of MM parameters.

Graphical Abstract figure

The implication of the result in b (i) is that theVmaxandKMshould either be a negative value or infinite value according to the equations unlike b (ii).
The effect of clay and contacts between sand grains on the elastic properties of sandstones
Authors: Sayers Colin M.
Published: January 2023

High‐porosity sandstones are important for hydrocarbon production, underground CO2 storage, extraction of geothermal energy and freshwater aquifers. Porosity of sandstones may be estimated using elastic wave velocities, but these depend also on fluid saturation, clay content, pore shape and contacts between sand grains. An understanding of how elastic properties of sandstones depend on these factors is important for characterizing their storage potential and for geomechanical issues, such as sanding, borehole stability, reservoir compaction and fracturing. Ultrasonic velocity measurements in clay‐bearing sandstones indicate that much of the clay in shaly sandstones is non‐load‐bearing. This enables a simple approach for modelling the elastic properties of shaly sandstones that includes the effect of pore concavity and agrees with ultrasonic P‐ and S‐velocities measured in the laboratory. Despite this agreement, some clay may reside within the contacts and may act to inhibit the development of quartz cement, thus reducing porosity loss and helping to preserve storage volume. This appears to be the case for the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone, a target formation for underground storage of CO2 in the Illinois Basin, for which the bulk moduli agree with the predicted bulk moduli, but the shear moduli are lower than predicted. This appears to result from an increase in a shear compliance of the grain contacts that may enable sliding along the grain contacts and increase the tendency to shear failure.
Thinking against empire: Anticolonial thought as social theory
Authors: Go Julian
Published: January 2023

Sociology was born in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a project in, of, and for empire. This essay excavates a tradition of social thought that grew alongside metropolitan sociology but has been marginalized by it: anticolonial thought. Emerging from anticolonial movements, writers and thinkers, anticolonial thought in 19th and 20th centuries emerged from a variety of thinkers (from indigenous activists in the Americas to educated elites in the American, Francophone and British colonies). I argue that this body of thought offers distinct visions of society, social relations, and social structure, along with generative analytic approaches to the social self, social solidarity and global relations—among other themes. Anticolonial thought offers the basis for an alternative canon and corpus of sociological thinking to which we might turn as we seek to revitalize and decolonize sociology.
Nailfold capillaroscopy and deep learning in diabetes
Authors: Shah Reema , Petch Jeremy , Nelson Walter , Roth Karsten , Noseworthy Michael D. , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Gerstein Hertzel C.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine whether nailfold capillary images, acquired using video capillaroscopy, can provide diagnostic information about diabetes and its complications.

Research Design and Methods

Nailfold video capillaroscopy was performed in 120 adult patients with and without type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and with and without cardiovascular disease. Nailfold images were analyzed using convolutional neural networks, a deep learning technique. Cross‐validation was used to develop and test the ability of models to predict five5 prespecified states (diabetes, high glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiovascular event, retinopathy, albuminuria, and hypertension). The performance of each model for a particular state was assessed by estimating areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC) and precision recall curves (AUPR).

Results

A total of 5236 nailfold images were acquired from 120 participants (mean 44 images per participant) and were all available for analysis. Models were able to accurately identify the presence of diabetes, with AUROC 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76, 0.91) and AUPR 0.84 (95% CI 0.78, 0.93), respectively. Models were also able to predict a history of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes, with AUROC 0.65 (95% CI 0.51, 0.78) and AUPR 0.72 (95% CI 0.62, 0.88) respectively.

Conclusions

This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the potential of machine learning for identifying people with microvascular capillary changes from diabetes based on nailfold images, and for possibly identifying those most likely to have diabetes‐related complications.
An infant with A20 haploinsufficiency presenting with periodic fever syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wakatsuki Ryosuke , Hatai Yoshiho , Okamoto Kentaro , Kaneko Shuya , Shimbo Asami , Irabu Hitoshi , Shimizu Masaki , Kanegane Hirokazu , Ono Makoto
Published: January 2023

A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) is an early‐onset autoinflammatory disease caused by loss‐of‐function variants of the TNFAIP3 gene, which encodes the protein A20. HA20 is typically characterized by Behçet's disease‐like clinical symptoms, and patients usually present with a family history. Herein, we report a case of HA20 in a pediatric patient, presenting with periodic fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, with no family history. This patient also harbored a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.677del (p.Pro226LeufsTer2) of TNFAIP3. We initiated treatment with an anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α agent that did not induce symptom resolution; we thus administered combination therapy, including prednisolone. Remission was then successfully achieved. We suggest that HA20 should be considered when an autoinflammatory disease is suspected and periodic fever syndrome is present, even in the absence of a family history of HA20 or Behçet's disease‐like symptoms.
Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Kearney Michael R.
Published: January 2023

The baseline distribution data for all species of a given group in a region can provide fundamental insights into biogeographic questions about historic patterns of species richness, population trends and extinction. Grasshoppers are one major group of insects for which a continent‐wide perspective on their geographic distribution can be obtained. This is because they were extensively surveyed in Australia for 54 years (1936–1989) as part of Commonwealth expeditions to obtain specimens for the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC). Field notebooks recorded from those surveys, under the direction of ANIC curator and director K. H. L. Key, form the principal source of historic distribution records for grasshoppers in Australia. We digitised all the 223 notebooks (2486 pages) and transcribed all the field trips conducted in Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania (47 notebooks, 590 pages). We then carefully geocoded all sampling sites of the transcribed notebooks, following the odometer readings and descriptions of routes from a suitable reference point using historic topographic maps and Google Earth. In total, we extracted 8975 geographic coordinates for 477 species having a confirmed or putative taxonomic name at genus or species level (only 170 of these species have been formally described). We found that species richness varied spatially, with highest richness in arid interior and north of WA. Historic grasshopper surveys were non‐randomly distributed across both WA and Tasmania with the highest survey intensity around coastal regions. Variation was observed among surveyors in terms of the number of species detected per site, between‐site distance and the season of survey being conducted. Overall, however, the dataset is among the most comprehensive continent‐wide surveys of Australian invertebrates and will greatly facilitate future work on their ecology, biogeography, conservation and responses to environmental change.
Indigenous Sovereignty, Common Law, and Natural Law
Authors: Piccolo Samuel
Published: January 2023

Renewed calls for Indigenous sovereignty in North America have led some scholars to search Western philosophy for thinking that affirms these claims. Many suggest that the common law tradition offers resources to do so. In this article, I argue that common law is limited in its capacity to endorse Indigenous political legitimacy. Instead, I suggest that supportive elements in common law are trace remnants of natural law thinking. Further, natural law as a concept resonates with contemporary Indigenous philosophy that maintains that nonhuman nature is suffused with morality and normativity, making the natural law tradition worth considering for defenses of Indigenous sovereignty. I propose beginning with the work of Bartolomé de las Casas. While my aim is not to defend either Lascasian nor Indigenous natural law, I conclude that they should be part of efforts to understand the ongoing conflicts between Indigenous nations and colonial states.
Fanon's Mobilities: Race, Space, Recognition
Authors: Conroy William
Published: January 2023

This article engages with Frantz Fanon's writing on both geographical and dialectical movement. It suggests that in particular historical‐geographical contexts—such as those described by Fanon himself—geographical patterns of mobility and confinement operate as the presupposition and result of “race”; while also functionally enabling capitalism's necessary and enduring dialectic of appropriation and capitalisation, and reproducing the Fanonian “zone of nonbeing”. More simply, this article suggests that in certain conjunctures the tight articulation of race, mobility, and capital accumulation inhibits the reciprocal recognition of equals. In those contexts, a spatialised “counter‐ontological” politics is the only means of establishing intersubjective symmetry and the preconditions for Fanon's “new humanism”. This article concretises these arguments in relation to historical work on antebellum “carceral landscapes”. It concludes by drawing explicitly on Stuart Hall's reflections on articulation and “lines of tendential force” in order to think through the relevance of Fanonian theorisation today.
Letter: chronic HDV infection—Is ignorance bliss?
Authors: Tiwari Avinash , Khanikar Duncan , Prajapati Sandeep Kumar , Rathod Santosh Govind , Tripathi Riddhima
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jachs et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17355
Editorial: bacterial gut symbionts as live biotherapeutic agents in irritable bowel syndrome—a rosy future despite potential long‐term safety concerns
Authors: Mantegazza Giacomo , Gargari Giorgio , Guglielmetti Simone
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Quigley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17310 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17354
Letter: rising incidence and poor survival in patients with nonviral HCC—better HCC surveillance and treatment for alcohol‐associated and non‐alcohol fatty liver diseases are needed
Authors: Manikat Richie , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Toyoda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111//apt.17088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17361
Editorial: bacterial gut symbionts as live biotherapeutic agents in IBS—a rosy future despite potential long‐term safety concerns. Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Quigley Eamonn M. M. , Stevenson Alex , Jeffery Ian , Masters Jacob
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Quigley et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17310 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17332
Letter: rising incidence and poor survival in patients with non‐viral HCC – better HCC surveillance and treatment for alcohol‐associated and non‐alcohol fatty liver diseases are needed. Authors' reply
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kariyama Kazuya , Hiraoka Atsushi
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Toyoda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111//apt.17088 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17334
Editorial: predictors of disease activity during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease—a Danish cohort study
Authors: Chowdhury Reezwana , Kane Sunanda V.
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vestergaard et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17348 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17378
Editorial: predictors of disease activity during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease – a Danish cohort study. Authors' reply
Authors: Vestergaard Thea , Kelsen Jens , Julsgaard Mette
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vestergaard et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17348 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17365
A phase I, single‐sequence, open‐label study to evaluate the drug–drug interaction between hetrombopag and cyclosporine in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Fengshan , Lin Hongda , Feng Shiyin , Cai Linrui , Zhang Lingli , Feng Sheng , Liu Xiaohong , Chen Zhuo , Zou Qin , Wu Yiwen , Su Xu , Shen Kai , Yu Qin
Published: January 2023

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the drug–drug interaction (DDI) between hetrombopag and cyclosporine in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods

Twenty‐six eligible subjects enrolled in this single‐centre, single‐sequence, open‐label, DDI study with 3 treatment periods, receiving 5 mg hetrombopag once on Day 1, 100 mg cyclosporine twice daily from Day 11 to Day 15 and 5 mg hetrombopag + 100 mg cyclosporine on Day 16. Serial blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.

Results

The plasma hetrombopag geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from predose to time of last quantifiable sample and AUC to infinity of coadministration of hetrombopag with cyclosporine vs. hetrombopag alone were 95.97% (70.08–131.43%), 105.75% (75.04–149.04%) and 104.19% (74.71–145.32%), respectively, indicating multiple doses of cyclosporine had minimal effects on hetrombopag exposure. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of maximum blood concentration and AUC at steady state during a dosing interval for blood cyclosporine of coadministration vs. cyclosporine alone were 100.49% (91.89–109.89%) and 100.81% (107.88–103.82%), respectively, suggesting a single dose of hetrombopag had no impact on the exposure of cyclosporine. Coadministration of hetrombopag with cyclosporine was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

No clinically significant DDI was observed when coadministration of hetrombopag with cyclosporine. The results of this study will inform the appropriate use of this combination therapy both in clinical trials and clinical settings.
Predictors of long‐term visual field outcome after an episode of acute primary angle closure
Authors: Sung Mi Sun , Kim Hyun Jee , Park Sang Woo
Published: January 2023

Background

To investigate the long‐term visual field (VF) outcome and baseline factors associated with functional sequelae in patients who experienced an episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and underwent subsequent lens extraction.

Methods

Fifty patients (50 eyes) who experienced an APAC episode and underwent subsequent lens extraction at Chonnam National University Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients underwent VF examinations after 1 year of an acute episode. They were classified into two groups based on whether they had significant VF defects or not. Demographic data were recorded, and baseline anterior‐segment OCT (AS‐OCT) images were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess baseline risk factors for presence of VF defects.

Results

Twenty‐five (50%) eyes were found to have varied degree of VF defects after 1 year of an acute episode. Longer duration between the symptom onset and IOP lowering (p = 0.005), a higher presenting IOP (p = 0.014), and flat iris curvature (p = 0.037) at baseline AS‐OCT measurement were significant predictors of VF loss. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) revealed that combination of these three potential baseline factors could predict the long‐term VF outcome (AUC = 0.921).

Conclusions

Patients exhibiting a long duration between symptom onset and IOP lowering, a high presenting IOP, and flat iris curvature were at a higher risk of visual impairment after an episode of APAC. The eyes with such features may require more careful follow‐up after an episode of APAC.
Examining the Drinking Motives Questionnaire‐Revised Short Form among university students in Australia, New Zealand and Argentina
Authors: Zamboanga Byron L. , Wickham Robert E. , Pilatti Angelina , George Amanda M. , King Kelsie A. , Van Hedger Kathryne , Dresler Emma , Ford Kayla
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The Drinking Motives Questionnaire‐Revised Short Form (DMQ‐R‐SF) is widely used among alcohol researchers studying adolescents and young adults. The psychometric properties of the DMQ‐R‐SF have been examined among university students in many countries, but to our knowledge, not in Australia, New Zealand or Argentina. We sought to examine the reliability and endorsement of the items on the DMQ‐R‐SF, and test the associations between the DMQ‐R‐SF subscales and alcohol use, and negative alcohol consequences between university students from Australia, New Zealand and Argentina.

Method

University students (N = 820) in Australia (n = 315), New Zealand (n = 265) and Argentina (n = 240) completed a confidential online alcohol survey which included the DMQ‐R‐SF, the Daily Drinking Questionnaire and the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire.

Results

Using the alignment method, support for the four‐factor model on the DMQ‐R‐SF emerged and the factor loadings for 11 of the 12 items were invariant across sites. Most items (8 out of 12) on the DMQ‐R‐SF were fully invariant across all sites, but some small differences in item reliability for one item, and endorsement for three items emerged between the sites. Across the three countries, coping motives were positively correlated with negative alcohol consequences. Enhancement motives were positively associated with both alcohol use and negative alcohol consequences among students from Australia and New Zealand.

Discussion and Conclusions

Most items on the DMQ‐R‐SF were comparably reliable among the university students sampled from Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. Our preliminary findings suggest that the DMQ‐R‐SF can be reliably used with university students from these countries.
Changes in knowledge, behavioural expectations, self‐efficacy, and stigma after an educational campaign about early psychosis for jail correction officers
Authors: Compton Michael T. , Pope Leah G. , de Bibiana Jason Tan , Boswell Tehya , Fu En , Zern Adria , Bello Iruma , Broussard Beth , Ford Elizabeth , Jones Nev , Monahan Pollard Jessica , Watson Amy C. , Dixon Lisa
Published: January 2023

Aim

Given a lack of interventions to identify and engage individuals with early psychosis in jail and connect them to specialty care in the community upon release, we designed a Targeted Educational Campaign (TEC) for correction officers working in jails. We report on impacts of the TEC on officers' cognitive and attitudinal outcomes.

Methods

Three different cohorts of officers—totaling n = 451—took part in a survey: 200 at baseline before the TEC began, 123 at 6‐months into the TEC, and 128 at 12‐months into the TEC. Among each cohort of officers, four constructs were measured: (1) knowledge about early psychosis; (2) self‐efficacy around detecting early psychosis and referring to mental health services within the jail; (3) expectations about the benefits of detection and referral to specialty care; and (4) social distance stigma toward detainees with early psychosis.

Results

While exposure to TEC elements was as‐planned in the first 6‐months, exposure diminished substantially at 12‐months, coinciding with increasing fatigue among correction officers due to the COVID‐19 pandemic as well as serious staffing shortages. Knowledge, behavioural expectations, and self‐efficacy scores improved from baseline to 6‐months, with greater exposure to roll‐call messages driving scores. Knowledge and behavioural expectations at 12‐months were associated with having received an information post card. Social distance stigma worsened across timepoints.

Conclusions

An educational campaign for jail staff can enhance knowledge, self‐efficacy, and behavioural expectations regarding early psychosis, though only while the campaign elements are active. Further research should investigate whether or not social distance stigma or other types of stigma increase alongside improvements.
Empirical evidence for climate concerns, negative emotions and climate‐related mental ill‐health in young people: A scoping review
Authors: Ramadan Reem , Randell Alicia , Lavoie Suzie , Gao Caroline X. , Manrique Paula Cruz , Anderson Rebekah , McDowell Caitlin , Zbukvic Isabel
Published: January 2023

Background

Climate change represents a serious threat to human health, including mental health, due to both the traumatizing effects of extreme climate events and the psychological effect of worry about climate change. Objectives: This scoping review aims to search the literature for original research investigating mental health and climate‐related negative emotions in young people. Findings will help to understand the current landscape, gaps in the literature, and provide recommendations for future youth mental health research and practice.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature examining negative emotions associated with climate change in young people was undertaken. Studies published prior to March 2022 were included if they examined mental ill‐health (e.g., symptoms of depression or anxiety) or negative emotions (e.g., distress, worry, concern) associated with the threat of climate change.

Results

Of 3939 articles screened, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Together, studies show that young people are worried about climate change. Negative emotions about climate change were correlated with symptoms of mental ill‐health. Studies also explored coping strategies young people use to manage their distress caused by climate change.

Discussion

The limited literature in this area indicates a key gap in youth mental health research. While available evidence suggests that young people are concerned about climate change, more research is needed on the relationship between climate‐related negative emotions and mental ill‐health. Clinicians should assess for and address climate‐related negative emotions in young people. Mental health leaders are urged to advocate for actions to mitigate the mental health impact of climate change.
Recent substance use among clients with early psychosis and the potential to graduate from New Journeys
Authors: Fraser Elizabeth R. , Kordas Gordon , Stokes Bryony , McDonell Michael G. , Oluwoye Oladunni
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study examined the relationship between recent substance use prior to intake and program graduation among young adults with early psychosis enrolled in coordinated specialty care.

Methods

Participants (N = 248) were from New Journeys, a network of coordinated specialty care programs in Washington State. Recent (i.e., past 30 days) alcohol, cannabis, and other substance use was collected at intake and process data (e.g., contact) was collected by clinicians across a 2‐year period.

Results

At intake, 32% of participants reported alcohol use only, 26% cannabis use only, and 15% both alcohol and cannabis use. Participants who reported alcohol use only (p = .02), cannabis use only (p = .03), and any substance use (p = .02) had significantly lower chances of graduating from coordinated specialty care than individuals who do not use substances.

Conclusions

Unlike prior work, recent substance use influences clients' potential to graduate from New Journeys. Additional focus on the implementation of substance use treatment, with an emphasis on alcohol use, in coordinated specialty care programs is needed improve program completion rates.
The relevance of social anxiety for understanding social functioning and facial emotion recognition in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis
Authors: Williams Trevor F. , Conley Rachel E. , Mittal Vijay A.
Published: January 2023

Aim

Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis often experience poor social functioning and impaired facial emotion recognition (FER); however, the impact of frequently comorbid symptoms upon these processes is underexplored. In particular, social anxiety is characteristic of this population and also related to poor social functioning and FER biases, such as misinterpreting neutral faces as negative or threatening; however, little is known about how social anxiety relates to these processes in CHR individuals. The present study examined the overlap of social anxiety, social functioning, and FER accuracy and bias.

Method

Participants (CHR N = 62, healthy controls N = 52) completed the self‐report Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Penn Emotion Recognition‐40 (ER‐40) behavioural task, and interviewer‐rated Global Functioning Scale‐Social (GFS‐S). The ER‐40 was used to assess both FER accuracy (e.g., overall number of correct responses) and bias (e.g., mislabelling neutral faces as angry).

Results

Consistent with previous research, relative to controls, CHR participants had more social anxiety (d = −1.07), poorer social functioning (d = −1.62), and performed more poorly on the FER task (e.g., d = −.37). Within CHR participants, social anxiety was related to an anger detection bias (r = .28), above and beyond positive symptom severity, which in turn was related to FER accuracy (r = .26) and social functioning (r = −.28).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that ongoing work examining social processes within CHR individuals needs to account for social anxiety and that social anxiety may be a useful preventive intervention target.
Brief review of masseter muscle disorders
Authors: Aleman Monica
Published: January 2023

Regional and systemic disorders of myopathic or neurogenic cause affecting the masticatory muscles have been reported or suspected in horses. The primary masticatory muscles include the masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The masseter muscle is the largest of the primary masticatory muscles and the most affected based on sporadic reports. This is a brief review of disorders involving the masseter muscle.
The prevalence of headshaking in horses with primary and secondary dental sinusitis and computed tomographic evidence of infraorbital canal pathology
Authors: Labbe Karyn A. , Allshouse Kimberly A. , Gilmour Lindsey J. , Arnold Carolyn E. , Whitfield‐Cargile Canaan M. , Griffin Cleet E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Sinusitis is a common disease of horses yet there are a limited number of reports in the literature that describe the prevalence of infraorbital canal (IOC) pathology and headshaking behaviour in horses diagnosed specifically with primary sinusitis and secondary dental sinusitis. Given the impact that these behaviours can have on horses' intended athletic use, investigation is warranted.

Objectives

To determine the occurrence of IOC pathology in horses with concurrent primary or secondary dental sinusitis based on computed tomography (CT) findings and to assess whether the frequency of headshaking behaviour is influenced by the presence of IOC pathology.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

Computed tomography studies were assessed for sinusitis (unilateral or bilateral), IOC pathology (unilateral or bilateral) and description of IOC disease including displacement, deformation, periosteal proliferation, hyperostosis, osteolysis and infraorbital nerve exposure. Behaviour outcome was determined by client questionnaire five or more years following CT scan.

Results

A total 65 out of 66 horses diagnosed with primary or secondary dental sinusitis demonstrated IOC changes on CT. Hyperostosis (86%), periosteal proliferation (85%) and osteolysis (86%) were common CT findings. Hyperostosis was frequently found to involve both the IOC and supporting bone structure. Five cases were euthanized immediately after CT acquisition or during hospitalisation following diagnostic investigations. Follow‐up was obtained in 48/61 cases, with five horses showing headshaking behaviour.

Main limitations

Infraorbital nerve histopathology was not performed. The limited number of cases with no IOC pathology prevented direct comparison between sinusitis groups both with IOC pathology and without IOC changes. The client questionnaire carries a memory bias.

Conclusion

Computed tomography changes involving the IOC may not predict headshaking behaviours in sinusitis secondary to dental disease. This finding is important in the context that these behaviours render some horses unusable and unsafe for their intended riding discipline.