bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Coach-Athlete Dynamics: Immediacy and Meta-Perception in Intercollegiate Sports
Authors: Pasquini Erica , Blom Lindsey , Johnson James , Smith Adam , Judge Lawrence
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the correlation between intercollegiate athletes' meta-perception accuracy and their assessment of coaches' immediacy behaviors, and actions that foster closeness. Utilizing the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, 54 athletes evaluated their coaches' immediacy. Findings indicate that lower meta-accuracy aligns with perceived lower immediacy, highlighting the role of perceived relational closeness in athlete self-awareness. Gender dynamics, in terms of coach-athlete dyads, exhibited no effect on meta-perception accuracy. The findings of the study lend credence to sport managers including immediacy behaviors in coach training to enhance athletes' meta-accuracy perception, while also contributing to the literature on meta-perception in sports and coach-athlete gender dynamics.
Enhancing Access and Inclusion: The Retrofitting of Olympic Facilities for the Paralympic Games
Authors: Judge Lawrence , Petersen Jeffrey , Smith Adam , Livergood Kyra
Published: January 2025

This critical review examines the strategies and challenges in adapting Olympic facilities for Paralympic use. A synthesis of recent literature evaluates successful retrofitting initiatives, elucidates ongoing challenges, and assesses the repercussions of global events on the dynamic process of facility conversion. The resulting analysis culminates in evidence-based recommendations for future investigations and the operational enhancement of Paralympic venues. These findings suggest that adopting a collaborative approach, anchored in universal design principles and preemptive planning, is imperative to developing accessible, efficient, and ecologically responsible Paralympic infrastructures.
Surprising features of nuclear receptor interaction networks revealed by live-cell single-molecule imaging
Authors: Dahal Liza , Graham Thomas GW , Dailey Gina M , Heckert Alec , Tjian Robert , Darzacq Xavier
Published: January 2025

Type II nuclear receptors (T2NRs) require heterodimerization with a common partner, the retinoid X receptor (RXR), to bind cognate DNA recognition sites in chromatin. Based on previous biochemical and overexpression studies, binding of T2NRs to chromatin is proposed to be regulated by competition for a limiting pool of the core RXR subunit. However, this mechanism has not yet been tested for endogenous proteins in live cells. Using single-molecule tracking (SMT) and proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA), we monitored interactions between endogenously tagged RXR and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in live cells. Unexpectedly, we find that higher expression of RAR, but not RXR, increases heterodimerization and chromatin binding in U2OS cells. This surprising finding indicates the limiting factor is not RXR but likely its cadre of obligate dimer binding partners. SMT and PAPA thus provide a direct way to probe which components are functionally limiting within a complex TF interaction network providing new insights into mechanisms of gene regulation in vivo with implications for drug development targeting nuclear receptors.
Aspectos psicológicos da dor em pacientes com câncer: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ferreira Diego da Silva , Veras Mariana Lopes , Oliveira Francisco Ariclene , Matos Tallys Newton Fernandes de , Farias Isabelle Carolline Veríssimo de , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: January 2025

Introdução: No câncer, a dor se apresenta como um sintoma desencadeador de sofrimento psicológico. Objetivo: Sintetizar o que está sendo publicado sobre os aspectos psicológicos da dor em pacientes com câncer. Metodologia: Foi utilizada a revisão integrativa da literatura, seguindo 6 etapas. Resultados e Discussão: Foram selecionados 10 artigos, que possibilitaram a construção de 3 eixos temáticos, envolvendo: Avaliação da dor; Métodos de intervenção frente à dor; e Narrativas de abordagem psicológica. Considerações Finais: Inferimos que são poucas as produções que se propõem a estudar os aspectos psicológicos da dor em pacientes com câncer. Todavia, pode-se entender que a dor relacionada ao câncer é um fenômeno multidimensional, que apresenta relações com depressão, qualidade de vida, ansiedade e sofrimento emocional, sendo necessário um cuidado humanizado e empático.
Concordance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology with Respect to Histological Diagnosis of Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Singh Richa , Agarwal Krachi , Agarwal Preeti , Kumar Madhu , Maurya Malti Kumari , Jaiswal Riddhi , Singh Ajay Kumar , Srivastava Anand
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) is a minimally invasive procedure that allows for the sampling of distal airways and the alveolar environment to diagnose infectious and non infectious respiratory tract diseases. It is a safe and reliable method considered for diagnosis.

Aim: To evaluate the concordance of BAL cytology with the histopathology report of biopsied cases concerning cancer diagnosis.

Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, which is a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India. Reported BAL cytology cases for one year, from September 2022 to September 2023, were retrieved from records and consecutive histology was followed for cytohistological correlation. The sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of BAL cytology were calculated with reference to the identification of malignancy. Histological diagnosis was considered the gold standard and the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and NPV of BAL were calculated.

Results: The BAL was performed in 261 cases with a mean age of 56.79 years. The adequacy of BAL cytology was 88.12% (230/261). Of the 261 cases, eight were positive for epithelial malignancies, three were suspicious for malignancies, 219 were reported as negative for malignant cells and 31 cases were deemed inadequate. A biopsy was performed in 56 out of 261 cases (21.45%) and 32 of these cases were found to have epithelial malignancy. A total of 13 cases were reported negative for malignancy, of which 12 were in concordance with BAL results. Three cases were reported as suspicious for malignancy and three were diagnosed as non epithelial malignancies on biopsy, which were deemed inadequate on cytology. Based on the interpretation of the data, the specificity of BAL cytology with respect to histology was 100%, with a PPV of 100%; however, the sensitivity was 14.28% and the NPV was 28.57.

Conclusion: The present study results clearly show that BAL cytology is a specific test for malignant diagnosis in lung lesions, in addition to its role in inflammatory conditions. However, due to its low sensitivity, it may not serve as a good screening method. BAL fluid cytology primarily samples the lower respiratory tract, which may not always be affected by malignancy. The low sensitivity may also be attributed to procedural and interpretation limitations. It can serve as a complement to bronchial brushings and histology for the diagnosis of lung cancers.
Quantifying Heavy Metals in White Clay and Groundwater of Bijoypur: A Comprehensive Study of Potential Impact Analysis
Authors: Nipa Nazmunnaher , Tuhin Touhidur Rahman , Auyon Shah Tasdika , Usha Kaniz Fatema , Islam Md Azharul , Baten Md Abdul
Published: January 2025

Heavy metal contamination in water especially in groundwater sources is increasing due to changes in geochemistry in the aquifers. This study aimed to investigate the abundance of heavy metals in white clay, lake water and groundwater along with assess the potential heavy metal impact on groundwater. Four white clay, two lake water and six groundwater samples were taken from Bijoypur and its vicinity. Quantification of heavy metal concentrations in white clay and water samples were conducted by using ICPMS. To assess the degree of pollution in the water samples, the Metal Index (MI) and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) were computed. The mean concentrations (mg kg-1) of heavy metal in white clay were as (0.0104), Cd (0.0005), Co (0.0105), Cr (0.2230), Cu (0.0290), Fe (36.08), Mn (0.044), Ni (0.15), Pb (0.059) and Zn (0.045). The mean concentrations (mg L-1) of heavy metal in groundwater showed that as (0.029), Fe (15.093), Mn (0.383) and Ni (0.043) exceeded WHO, 2011 recommended permissible values. As-Fe (r=0.89), Cr-Pb (r=0.93) exhibits a very strong correlation in groundwater. As per the HPI values, 17% of samples show a high pollution index and 33% of samples show a medium pollution index. As per the MI values, 33% of the samples show a seriously affected water quality. The findings revealed a significance presence of heavy metal in white clay, lake water and groundwater. It is imperative to thoroughly monitor any potential effects of heavy metals (HMs) on human health that may result from direct groundwater drinking.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Prognostic Features of Tetanus in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Cisse Viviane Marie Pierre , Fall Ndèye Maguette , Mbaye Khardiata Diallo , Ndiaye Fatou Sène , Barro Khardiatou , Badiane Aboubakar Sidikh , Massaly Aminata , Lakhe Ndèye Aïssatou , Ka Daye , Diouf Assane , Fortes Louise , Seydi Moussa
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of tetanus.
Methodology: This is a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the records of patients hospitalized for tetanus in the infectious diseases and tropical department of the University Hospital of Fann and collected from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022.
Results: Over an 8-year period, 517 cases of tetanus were selected, with an average age of 30.9 ± 21.7 years. The median age was 24 years, with extremes of 2 and 90 years. The distribution of cases according to sex revealed a clear male predominance, with a sex ratio of 4.94. The profession was not specified for 47% of patients. The population most affected was represented by students (20.9%) and manual workers (18.8%).  In terms of origin, 65.6% of the cases recorded came from suburban areas. The classic signs of tetanus were found: trismus (99.2%), dysphagia (84.5%) and tonic paroxysms (61.01%). The absence of a vaccination record was noted in 99.4% of cases. The main the portal of entry, for tetanus was integumentary in 397 cases (76.8%), with tetanus presenting mainly in the generalized form in 98.1% of cases. The incubation period was greater than or equal to 7 days in 63.06% of cases, and the invasion period was greater than or equal to 48 hours in 39.8% of cases. With regard to serotherapy, 89.2% of cases were treated intrathecally, and the main complications were cardiovascular (19.5%), infectious (14.1%) and respiratory (10.3%). 19.9% of cases were fatal.
Conclusion: Although tetanus has become an exception in developed countries, it continues to pose a real public health problem in countries with limited resources, despite the existence of a vaccine that is now accessible, effective and completely safe. In Senegal, despite the efforts of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation, the incidence of tetanus in hospitals remains high, hence the importance of booster vaccinations and raising public awareness, especially among young people and manual workers.
Nanoemulsions as Carriers of Bioactive Compounds in Functional Foods: Preparation and Application
Authors: R Prakasha , G M Vinay , Srilatha Pathiam , Pandey Hridyesh
Published: January 2025

Nanoemulsions, characterised by their small droplet size and kinetically stable colloidal systems, are gaining widespread attention in the food industry. Their composition and structure can be precisely tailored to encapsulate and deliver bioactive lipophilic compounds effectively. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of nanoemulsions, employing various approaches to achieve specific functional properties. These nanoemulsions play a pivotal role in preserving and enhancing the functionality and stability of bioactive components such as vitamins, antioxidants, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in functional foods. By encapsulating bioactive chemicals, nanoemulsions act as carriers that protect sensitive compounds from processing conditions, offering a viable solution for the challenges posed by conventional processing methods. Their small droplet size facilitates improved bioavailability and absorption of these bioactive compounds, ensuring enhanced nutritional benefits for consumers. This review explores the recent studies in nanoemulsion development, highlighting diverse approaches and their functional properties. Emphasis is placed on the applications of nanoemulsions in food products, their role in encapsulating nutraceutical compounds, and their use as edible coatings in food packaging materials. The overarching goal is to underscore the transformative impact of nanoemulsions on the food industry, paving the way for novel and innovative food products with improved functionality and stability.
Screening of Rapeseed-Mustard Genotypes for Resistance to Mustard Aphid Infestation
Authors: Arvind  , Kumar Dalip , Saini Ankit , Deepak  , Kaur Lovepreet , Das Kaushik Kumar
Published: January 2025

Rapeseed-mustard, a key oilseed crop in India, faces significant yield losses due to insect pests, particularly the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi). This study evaluated the resistance of 79 rapeseed-mustard genotypes to aphid infestation across three growth stages (aphid appearance, full flowering, and full siliqua formation) during the 2022-23 Rabi season. Results revealed significant variability in aphid resistance among genotypes and across growth stages. At the aphid appearance stage, 41 genotypes exhibited resistance (Aphid Resistance Index = 1), while 38 were moderately resistant. As the crop matured, aphid populations increased, and resistance levels declined. At the full flowering stage, 31 genotypes remained resistant, with 46 moderately resistant. At the full siliqua formation stage, only six genotypes were resistant, with 69 moderately resistant and four tolerant. No genotypes were categorized as susceptible or highly susceptible throughout the study, indicating a baseline level of resistance in the evaluated germplasm. Aphid populations ranged from 1.2 to 24.6 (aphid appearance), 3.2 to 59.0 (full flowering), and 2.6 to 173.4 (full siliqua formation) aphids per 10 cm twig. These findings emphasize the dynamic nature of host-aphid interactions and the crucial need for growth-stage-specific resistance evaluations in breeding programs. Identifying and utilizing resistant genotypes can significantly reduce reliance on chemical insecticides, promoting sustainable and eco-friendly aphid management strategies in rapeseed-mustard production.
Assessment Of Community-Based Security Measures Currently In Place To Address Herdsmen/Farmers Conflicts In Delta State.
Authors: . Prof: Yahayaabdullahiadadu. , Edewor Abel Agbaide
Published: January 2025

The herdsmen-farmer conflict in Nigeria's Delta region is a multifaceted security issue influenced by historical
relationships, environmental shifts, and socio-economic dynamics. This study employs social conflict theory and
desktop research methods to examine community-based security measures designed to address these conflicts,
evaluating their effectiveness and local stakeholders' perceptions. Factors such as climate change-induced
migration and resource competition have heightened tensions between nomadic Fulani herdsmen and agrarian
farmers, often aggravated by ethnic divisions. The findings indicate that while traditional initiatives like
community policing and local vigilante groups demonstrate potential, they encounter significant challenges,
including limited resources and insufficient coordination with formal state structures. The research emphasizes
the need for increased support for community-based measures, the integration of traditional and modern conflict resolution strategies, and the active involvement of local leaders to promote sustainable peace in Delta State
Analyse Comparative Des Marchés De Transfert De Fonds Par Airtel Money Et M-Pesa En Ville De Butembo
Authors: Valentin Kambale Maliro , Noela Kavira Vulere , Sarah Kavugho Muyonga , Naomi Et Kandaru Essea
Published: January 2025

Ce thème portant sur « l’Analyse comparative des marchés de transfert de fonds par Airtel money et M-pesa »
cherche à analyser et à identifier les indicateurs clés qui influencent le comportement du consommateur de service
de transfert sur M-Pesa et sur Airtel Money ; déterminer le degré de satisfaction de consommateurs par rapport
aux services de transfert de fonds par M-pesa et Airtel money ;déterminer le niveau de services rendu par les
serveurs en termes de fréquence d’opérations et de montants faisant l’objet de transaction ;présenter le système
de transfert de fonds par téléphone mobile tout en identifiant le goulot d’étranglement du fonctionnement du
système.
Au bout de notre investigation, nous sommes aboutis aux résultats ci-après :
Le degré de satisfaction a été évalué par une cote donnée par le consommateur par rapport au service rendu
pour le transfert de fonds sur M-pesa et Airtel money. Après analyse nous avons trouvé que tous les
consommateurs sont au moins satisfaisants de services de transferts qui leur sont rendus. Ils sont très satisfaits
chez M-pesa que chez Airtel money.
Ainsi, le réseau du bénéficiaire et le cout de transfert constituent de facteurs clés qui orientent les choix de réseau de transfert de fonds par téléphone. A ces facteurs s’alignent la qualité du réseau et le montant faisant l’objet de transaction.
Transit Rivalry Or Partnership? INSTC Vs. Middle Corridor In Central Asia
Authors: Chatterjee Dr Sanchita
Published: January 2025

The Middle Corridor and the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) represent two significant
transcontinental trade routes shaping Eurasian connectivity. Both corridors aim to diversify trade flows, reduce
dependency on traditional maritime routes, and enhance economic integration. However, their overlapping
geographic reach in Central Asia has raised questions about whether they are rivals competing for influence or
potential partners fostering regional connectivity. This article examines the geopolitical, economic, and
infrastructural dimensions of these corridors, analyzing their respective strengths, challenges, and strategic
priorities. By assessing the interests of key stakeholders such as Russia, Iran, Turkey, and China, the study
highlights areas of competition, including access to transit hubs and trade facilitation policies, as well as
opportunities for collaboration, such as shared infrastructure and mutual reduction of logistical costs. The
findings underscore the corridors' complementary potential in driving sustainable development and enhancing Eurasia's strategic role in global trade, provided regional and international actors prioritize cooperative frameworks over zero-sum competition.
Implementation Of Digital Initiatives In Higher Education Institutions (HEIS): An Exploratory Study On The Perceptions Of University Teachers
Authors: Madhavi Dr. K. Venu
Published: January 2025

There is a need for technological integration for teaching, learning, and administrative purposes. NEP 2020
recognizes the role of ICT at all levels of education to improve learning experiences and outcomes. The sense of
responsibility from the teachers and the learners has resulted in meeting the demands of global educational
reforms. The present paper focuses on the growing trends in higher education. The present research used a
mixed-method approach using quantitative and qualitative data. It focused on digital facilities in HEIs from
2020 to 2024. It also elicited responses regarding the online courses for learners and teachers through the
SWAYAM platform. The analysis of digital classrooms reveals strengths in inclusivity but highlights pressing
challenges in faculty training, digital literacy, and support systems.
Background:
Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was administered to 84 faculty members teaching in Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs). The respondents were randomly selected from top institutions such as IITs,
Central Universities, Deemed to be Universities and State Universities located in Telangana state. A structured
questionnaire was administered to elicit responses on the effective integration of technology in Higher
Education Institutions (HEIs) to enhance student learning and engage faculty participation. The data was
tabulated and analyzed quantitatively. The engagement of learners and the teachers’ perceptions of MOOC
courses through the SWAYAM platform were presented using a qualitative approach.
Results: Data was analyzed using SPSS software. A two-way chi-squared test is used to determine if there is a
significant association between two categorical variables. The result showed a statistically significant
relationship between both variables. The level P < 0.05 was considered as the cutoff value or significance. The
Chi square result showed as 78.4417 with Degree of Freedom as 32 and significance level as p < 0.0001. The
perceptions about SWAYAM courses were elicited from the respondents. Data was obtained from the initiatives
taken by Ministry of Education by implementing SWAYAM courses. The present research collected the
enrollment rate of students and teachers’ offering SWAYAM courses from 2019 to 2024.
Conclusion: NEP 2020’s focus on integrating ICT into education reflects a forward-looking approach that
aims to enhance learning, streamline administrative processes, and bridge educational gaps. However,
addressing challenges such as the digital divide and data security is crucial for achieving the policy’s goals and ensuring that the benefits of technology are widely and equitably distributed.
Open Science In Times Of Covid-19 In Cultural Institutions Of Metropolitan Lima
Authors: Guerrero Julio Cesar Olaya
Published: January 2025

Analiza los enfoques de ciencia abierta a nível mundial y del país en tiempos del Covid-19, ya que
registró 2, 16 millones de muertos. El rol de las instituciones culturales como bibliotecas universitarias
ofrecieron servicios novedosos en forma digital. Se destacan aportes de Biblioteca Nacional, Municipalidad
de Lima, Archivo General de la Nación. Se planteó el problema de investigacion: ¿Cómo se relaciona la
ciencia abierta con las bibliotecas universitarias en tiempos del Covid-19? La ciencia abierta es el
deseo de millones de personas en el mundo que aspiran a acceder a la información en forma libre, ordenada
y sistematizada. El método utilizado fue cuantitativo, tipo de investigación exploratoria, nível de
investigacion descriptiva correlacional, diseño de investigación es no experimental. Las técnicas utilizadas
fueron observación estructurada, cuestionario para conocer percepciones de investigadores que visualizaron
los webinars y conferencias realizadas por las bibliotecas universitarias e instituciones culturales del país. Entre
los resultados obtenidos: El 66, 7 % respondió que las bibliotecas universitarias si tienen actualizados
sus repositorios y va con uno de los objetivos de la ciencia abierta ofrecer información relevante para
los investigadores. Mientras que, 33, 3% afirmó en forma negativa que los repositorios no se encuentran
actualizados. Las instituciones culturales mencionadas por encuestados destacaron con 83, 3 % correspondió
a Biblioteca Nacional del Perú (BNP) realizó webinars. Mientras que, Casa de la Literatura representó16,
7 %. Las Universidades como UNMSM, PUCP, Universidad del Pacifico, Universidad de Lima,
Universidad César Vallejo Lima Norte, Universidad Autónoma a través de sus bibliotecas realizaron
servicios innovadores hacia sus docentes, alumnos, personal administrativo y egresados en tiempos de
pandemia. En la discusión, se evidenció que ciencia abierta se relaciona significativamente con las bibliotecas
universitarias en tiempos de covid-19 en Lima Metropolitana. Una de las conclusiones fue las universidades
realizaron webinars durante los años 2020 y 2021 para poder ofrecer temas de actualidad, habilidades
blandas, variables socioemocionales, temas de bibliotecología, entre otros. Durante este período, los repositorios institucionales de las universidades nacionales y privadas estuvieron a disposición en forma permanente por investigadores, tesistas, alumnos y egresados
Shifting Paradigms In English Language Teaching: AComparative Study Of Traditional And Digital Approaches In Kerala
Authors: Narayanan Ms. Dana , Tungesh Dr. G.M.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the effectiveness of traditional versus digital approaches to English language teaching in
rural colleges of Palakkad, Kerala. Despite India's rich linguistic diversity, English has become a vital medium
of instruction, particularly in a globalized job market. Utilizing a Likert-scale questionnaire, the research
gathered perceptions from 50 college students regarding their experiences with both teaching methods. The
findings reveal that the digital approach, characterized by interactive language labs, significantly enhances
student engagement and language proficiency compared to traditional lecture-based methods. Statistical
analysis indicated a meaningful difference in the effectiveness of the two approaches, with digital methods receiving a higher mean score. However, the study acknowledges that both methods have their respective
advantages and disadvantages. Traditional methods provide structure and direct instructor support, while
digital approaches foster active learning and collaboration. The research emphasizes the need for a balanced
pedagogical framework that integrates the strengths of both approaches to better equip students with essential English language skills. Ultimately, continuous evaluation and adaptation of teaching methodologies are crucial for meeting the evolving demands of English language education in Kerala's rural context
Family Disputes And Child Anxiety In India: A Textual Analysis
Authors: Raghav Jhanvi
Published: January 2025

.
"Gram Sabha As Catalyst For Community Participation In Local Governance"
Authors: N Dr. Ananda Gowda, , T P Dr. Shashikumara,
Published: January 2025

This stduy explores the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Gram Sabhas in rural governance and
development in India, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities they present for fostering decentralized
governance. Despite the constitutional significance of PRIs, barriers such as limited participation, inadequate
financial devolution, and systemic inefficiencies hinder their effectiveness. The study reviews key literature on
decentralization, social inclusion, and the participation of marginalized groups, particularly women, Dalits,
and tribals, in Gram Sabhas. The findings highlight the critical role of PRIs in empowering local communities,
promoting transparency, and ensuring inclusive decision-making. However, challenges such as low
participation rates, gender disparities, and the underrepresentation of marginalized communities persist,
limiting the potential of Gram Sabhas in driving sustainable rural development. Recommendations include
enhancing institutional capacity, improving financial autonomy, fostering inclusive policies, and addressing
cultural and socio-legal barriers to participation. The study highlights the need for regularized meetings, better
public awareness campaigns, and targeted interventions to promote effective governance and equitable
development. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the importance of strengthening PRIs through comprehensive reforms to maximize their contribution to rural development in India.
Government Initiatives For Child Education In Bangladesh: An Analytical Study (1971-2000)
Authors: Chowdhury Saiful Islam
Published: January 2025

The period from 1971 to 2000 marked a pivotal phase for child education in Bangladesh, shaped by the
country’s independence and its commitment to building a robust educational system. During these years, the
Bangladeshi government launched several initiatives to improve access to and quality of primary education.
This overview highlights the key policies and programs introduced their impacts, challenges encountered, and
the outcomes achieved. This article examines various government measures aimed at enhancing educational
outcomes for children, particularly at the primary level, during the late 20th century. By adopting a multifaceted analytical approach, it assesses how these initiatives were designed and implemented, as well as their
long-term effects on child education. Additionally, the article evaluates the achievements and limitations of
these initiatives, offering insights that can help guide future efforts toward universal access to quality primary
education.
Background: Bangladesh, a small but densely populated country bordered by India and Myanmar, boasts a
rich tapestry of linguistics and cultural diversity. Approximately 98% of its population speaks Bengali, while
the remaining 2% comprise various ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditions (BBS, 2011). The
struggle for independence, which culminated in 1971, was rooted in the country’s linguistics heritage,
highlighted by the Language Movement on February 21, 1952 (Umar 1970: 112). This movement played a
pivotal role in bringing people together to defend their mother tongue, a cause that gained international recognition when UNESCO designated that day as Mother Language Day in 1994 (UNESCO: 1994). This highlights the importance of linguistic diversity on a global scale
Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion In Workforce Training: From Concept To Implementation
Authors: Adegbite Adeola O.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the critical role of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principles in shaping effective
workforce training programs. It emphasizes integrating DEI into organizational practices to ensure innovation,
collaboration, and resilience. Through a comprehensive theoretical framework, the study offers actionable
insights into embedding DEI principles into training initiatives, aligning them with organizational objectives,
and addressing behavioral and cultural dimensions that impact their success. Practical applications are
illustrated through case studies in the healthcare, education, and hospitality sectors, demonstrating the
transformative effects of DEI-focused training on patient care, educational equity, and customer satisfaction.
Additionally, the article outlines tools and metrics for evaluating training outcomes, scaling programs to fit
diverse organizational needs, and leveraging data analytics for impact analysis. The discussion further
addresses challenges, such as resistance to change and resource limitations, while proposing innovative
solutions to overcome these barriers. This work concludes by emphasizing the need for ongoing research, cross-sector collaboration, and technological advancements to maximize the benefits of DEI in workforce development
Educação Inclusiva: O Papel Das Políticas Públicas Para A Inclusão De Alunos Com Autismo Nas Escolas
Authors: Caldas Reinaldo Dias , Batista Wagner Roberto , Knak Liane Diniz , Lindoso Pollyana Dos Santos , Valenciano Fernanda Siquini
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o papel das políticas públicas na inclusão de alunos com autismo nas
escolas, avaliando a eficácia dessas políticas e os desafios enfrentados na implementação delas. A metodologia
adotada foi qualitativa e exploratória, com a participação de 23 profissionais da educação, incluindo professores,
coordenadores pedagógicos, psicólogos escolares e assistentes sociais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio
de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os
resultados indicaram que, apesar dos avanços nas políticas públicas, ainda existem barreiras significativas, como
a falta de formação específica dos professores, a carência de infraestrutura adequada nas escolas e a resistência
de alguns educadores à inclusão. No entanto, foram observadas boas práticas em escolas que investiram na
formação continuada dos profissionais e na criação de um ambiente colaborativo. A conclusão aponta que a
efetiva inclusão de alunos com autismo depende de uma abordagem integrada, envolvendo a qualificação dos
educadores, a adaptação do currículo e a garantia de recursos adequados, além de um maior acompanhamento
e fiscalização das políticas públicas. Assim, é necessário um esforço conjunto entre a escola, as famílias e o poder público para superar as dificuldades e promover uma inclusão mais eficaz e abrangente.
“Effectiveness Of Reverse Pressure Softening Technique On The Level Of Breast Engorgement And Breast Feeding Among Postnatal Mothers At Queen Mary Hospital”
Authors: Dwivedi, Ms. Nidhi , S Mr. Subin , Deo Prof. Sujata , Sumanlata Mrs.
Published: January 2025

Background: Breastfeeding residue the most healthy, simple and a feeding method that is least expensive and
fulfils the needs to new born. During initial 2 days once baby is born as a part of normal process, breasts of
women get accumulated with milk. Due to this reason, breasts get heavy and swollen, however this process is
generally not very painful and hard under normal scenarios. In around 70% – 80% of mothers breast engorgement
is seen. It is a condition which causes pain and also puts an effect on majority of mothers. It may be very stressful
situation for mothers especially when they are fulfilling the needs of baby. This condition also hinders the process
of smooth breast feeding, which further leads to early closure of breastfeeding and is related to other extreme
conditions including infection in breast.
Methods: A quantitative research approach was done on 50 postnatal mothers who were admitted at Queen Mary
Hospital, KGMU, Lucknow. A purposive sampling technique was used. Socio-demographics data were obtained
by the tool “Demographic Variables”; Level of breast engorgement was assessed by the tool “Six Point Breast
Engorgement Scale” and Level of breast feeding was assessed by “Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool”.
Results: Results revealed that significant level of breast engorgement was present among postnatal mothers in
both experimental & control groups during pretest. Similarly, many (around 68%) mothers in experimental group
& 64% mothers in control group had poor level of breast feeding before applying the test. However, after the
application of reverse pressure softening technique, there was significant amount of benefit to postnatal mothers
considering breast engorgement (52% mothers had soft breast, 40% had slight firmness only) and breast feeding
(80% mothers had good level of breast feeding). Also, an association was observed between demographic
variables and level of breast engorgement & breast feeding. Conclusions: It can be concluded that Reverse Pressure Softening Technique helps to reduce level of breast engorgement & improve breast feeding
How To Go With And Beyond The GDP In Favour Of Sustainability? The Association Of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) With The Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI)
Authors: . .
Published: January 2025

Objective: This article should be placed in the movement “to go beyond the GDP”. It proposes to go beyond in
order to integrate the sustainability and the ESG as well but still with the GDP to favour a smooth transition and
reach a stronger and broader impact towards all stakeholders. To report on the economic situation, the
communication of the State is based on GDP which is kept and used with a new indicator.
Methods: The proposal of such new indicator is to use the IWI, the Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI). As it gathers
stock data in 3 capitals, produced, human and natural, it enables the State to report on sustainability and on ESG
data. The communication proposed is made from data available in 2004-2008 for GDP and IWI for 6 countries,
France, Japan, Nigeria, Norway, Russia and the United Kingdom. Two communication channels are used : the
report on the Balance Sheet of the State integrating the IWI and the report on P&L for the State integrating the
GDP and the IWI.
Results: Comparing to a report based only on GDP, the addition of the IWI means an increase of the assets of
the State between 3 to 24 times, which show that the human and natural capital represent a central part in the
common wealth of all citizens. In terms of GDP and growth, only one country over 4 has a sustainable economic
growth in 2008, the 3 others have economic growth but non sustainable. 2 countries combine non-economic
growth and non-sustainability.
Conclusions: To have impact on all stakeholders and to show that the State as well impose to itself ESG and sustainable targets, the association of the GDP with the IWI is interesting and should act on the citizen’s mind towards a more respectful economic growth towards the Biosphere
Silicosis, asbestosis, and pulmonary fibrosis in Ontario, Canada from 1996 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Rajaram Nikhil , Lau Ambrose , Mehta Kruti , Holness D. Linn , Tarlo Susan M. , Arrandale Victoria H.
Published: June 2023

Background

Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease caused by exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Historically, silicosis was common among miners and other professions in the 20th century, and in recent decades has re‐emerged in coal mining and appeared in new workplaces, including the manufacture of distressed jeans and artificial stone countertops.

Methods

Physician billing data for the province of Ontario between 1992 and 2019 were analyzed across six time‐periods (1993−1995, 1996−2000, 2001−2005, 2006−2010, 2011−2015, and 2016−2019). The case definition was two or more billing records within 24 months with a silicosis diagnosis code (ICD‐9 502, ICD‐10 J62). Cases from 1993 to 1995 were excluded as prevalent cases. Crude incidence rates per 100,000 persons were calculated by time‐period, age, sex, and region. Analyses were repeated in parallel for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) (ICD‐9 515, ICD‐10 J84) and asbestosis (ICD‐9 501; ICD‐10 J61).

Results

From 1996 to 2019, 444 cases of silicosis, 2719 cases of asbestosis and 59,228 cases of PF were identified. Silicosis rates decreased from 0.42 cases per 100,000 in 1996−2000 to 0.06 per 100,000 people in 2016−2019. A similar trend was observed for asbestosis (1.66 to 0.51 per 100,000 persons) but the incidence rate of PF increased from 11.6 to 33.9 per 100,000 persons. Incidence rates for all outcomes were higher among men and older adults.

Conclusions

A decreasing incidence of silicosis was observed in this analysis. However, the incidence of PF increased, consistent with findings from other jurisdictions. While cases of silicosis have been recorded among artificial stone workers in Ontario these cases do not seem to have impacted the population rates thus far. Ongoing, periodic surveillance of occupational diseases is helpful for tracking population‐level trends over time.
Occupational fatalities among grounds maintenance workers in the United States (2016−2020)
Authors: Kearney Gregory D. , Imai Satomi
Published: June 2023

Background

In 2019, grounds maintenance work was ranked among the most dangerous jobs in the United States. The objective of this study was to provide a national profile of fatal injuries of grounds maintenance workers.

Methods

Data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Current Population Survey were analyzed to determine grounds maintenance worker fatality rates and rate ratios during 2016–2020.

Results

During the 5‐year study period, a total of 1064 deaths, or average fatality rate of 16.64 deaths per 100,000 full‐time employees (FTEs) was identified in grounds maintenance workers compared to 3.52 deaths per 100,000 FTEs for all occupational worker deaths in the United States. The incidence rate ratio was 4.72 per 100,000 FTEs [95% CI: 4.44−5.02; p < 0.0001]. The primary events or exposures that led to work‐related deaths were transportation incidents (28.0%), falls (27.3%), contact with objects and equipment (22.8%), and traumatic acute exposures to harmful substances or environments (17.9%). Black or African American workers had higher death rates, while Hispanic or Latino workers accounted for over one‐third of all occupational‐related fatalities.

Conclusions

Each year, fatal work injury rates were consistently nearly five times higher among those employed in grounds maintenance work than all US worker fatalities. Wide‐ranging safety intervention and prevention measures are needed to protect workers. Future research efforts should employ methods that include qualitative approaches to gain a better understanding of worker's perspectives and employer's operational work practices to mitigate risks that contribute to these high work‐related fatalities.
Cancer incidence among workers in soft paper mills: A cohort study
Authors: Torén Kjell , Neitzel Richard L. , Eriksson Helena P. , Andersson Eva
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To elucidate whether occupational exposure to soft paper dust increases the incidence of cancer.

Methods

We studied 7988 workers in Swedish soft paper mills from 1960 to 2008, of whom 3233 (2 187 men and 1046 women) had more than 10 years of employment. They were divided into high exposure (>5 mg/m3 for >1 year) or lower exposure to soft paper dust based on a validated job‐exposure matrix. They were followed from 1960 to 2019, and person‐years at risk were stratified according to gender, age, and calendar‐year. The expected numbers of incident tumors were calculated using the Swedish population as the reference, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were assessed.

Results

Among high‐exposure workers with more than 10 years of employment, there was an increased incidence of colon cancer (SIR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20−2.31), small intestine cancer (SIR 3.27, 95% CI 1.36−7.86), and thyroid gland cancer (SIR 2.68, 95% CI 1.11−6.43), as well as lung cancer (SIR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12−2.19). Among the lower‐exposed workers there was an increased incidence of connective tissue tumors (sarcomas) (SIR 2.26, 95% CI 1.13−4.51) and pleural mesothelioma (SIR 3.29, 95% CI 1.37−7.91).

Conclusion

Workers in soft paper mills with high exposure to soft paper dust have an increased incidence of large and small intestine tumors. Whether the increased risk is caused by paper dust exposure or some unknown associated factors is unclear. The increased incidence of pleural mesothelioma is probably linked to asbestos exposure. The reason for increased incidence of sarcomas is unknown.
Trigger of twin‐fights in captive common marmosets
Authors: Miwa Miki , Hamazaki Yusuke , Koda Hiroki , Nakamura Katsuki
Published: June 2023

Common marmosets usually give birth to twins and form a social group consisting of a breeding couple and pairs of same‐aged siblings. The twins may engage in the first agonistic fights between them, twin‐fights (TFs), during adolescence. This study investigated the TFs based on records accumulated in our captive colony over 12 years to elucidate the proximate causations that trigger the TFs. We aimed to determine whether the TF onset mainly depended on internal events (such as the onset of puberty) as previously suggested or external events (such as the birth of the younger siblings and the behavioral change of the group members). Although both events usually occur simultaneously, the birth control method (i.e., manipulation of ovulation and interbirth‐intervals by prostaglandin administration to females) could temporally separate these events. A comparison of the onset day and occurrence rate with or without the birth control procedure revealed that TFs were triggered by a combination of internal and external events, that is, external events were the predominant triggers of TF, under the influence of internal events. The timing of TF onset was significantly delayed when the birth of the younger siblings was delayed and the twins grew older under the birth‐controlled condition, suggesting that the birth of younger siblings and related behavioral changes of group members, as well as twins' developmental maturation, could trigger TF. Higher TF rates between same‐sex twins were consistent with previous studies, reflecting the characteristics of same‐sex directed aggression in callitrichines.
The use of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Chang Jeremy , Wilensky Jadyn , Jackson Christina , Lee John Y. K. , Grady Michael Sean , Yoshor Daniel , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Atkins Joshua H. , Adappa Nithin D.
Published: June 2023

Background

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are adverse effects after surgery, which may increase the risk of complications. Aprepitant is a neurokinin‐1 receptor blocker and has been shown to reduce chemotherapy‐related nausea and vomiting and PONV. However, its role in endoscopic skull base surgery remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aprepitant in reducing PONV in endoscopic transsphenoidal (TSA) pituitary surgery.

Methods

A retrospective chart review between July 2021 and January 2023 of 127 consecutive patients who underwent TSA was performed at a tertiary academic institution. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on preoperative aprepitant use. Two groups were matched based on known risk factors of PONV (age, sex, nonsmoking, and history of PONV). The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV. Secondary outcome measures included the number of anti‐emetic use, length of stay, and postoperative cererebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Results

After matching, 48 patients were included in each group. The aprepitant group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of vomiting than the non‐aprepitant group (2.1% vs 22.9%, p = 0.002). The number of nausea episodes and anti‐emetic use decreased with aprepitant use (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of nausea, length of stay, or postoperative CSF leak. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that aprepitant decreased the incidence of postoperative vomiting with odds ratio of 0.107.

Conclusion

Aprepitant may serve as a useful preoperative treatment to reduce PONV in patients undergoing TSA. Further studies are needed to evaluate its impact in other arenas of endoscopic skull base surgery.