bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the hazard of fault triggering by deep geothermal energy production in an active fault system via a 1D stress model and 3D fault mapping
Authors: Levi Nicola , Weissl Michael , Decker Kurt
Published: March 2024

Borehole image data and a 1D-stress model built on open hole logs, leak-off tests (LOT) and image logs are used to evaluate the potential of seismicity caused by fault triggering during geothermal heat production in the city of Vienna. Data were derived from a 4220 m deep geothermal exploration well that investigated the geothermal potential of fractured carbonates below the Miocene fill of the Vienna Basin. The well penetrated several normal faults of the Aderklaa Fault System (AFS) that offset Pleistocene terraces at the surface and hence are regarded as active. Stress-induced borehole failures and 1D geomechanical modeling proves that the potential reservoirs are in a normal fault stress regime with Sv > SHmax > Shmin. While stress magnitudes in the upper part of the well (down to about 2000 m) are significantly below the magnitudes that would trigger the rupture of critically oriented faults including the AFS, stresses in the lower part of the drilled section in the pre-Neogene basement (below about 3300 m) are not. Data evidence a rotation of SHmax for about 45° at a fault of the AFS at 3694 m to fault-parallel below the fault suggesting that the fault is active. Critical or near-critical stressing of the fault is corroborated by the stress magnitudes calculated from the 1D geomechanical model. The safety case to exclude unintended triggering of seismic fault slip by developing geothermal reservoirs in close vicinity to one of the branch faults of the AFS may therefore be difficult or impossible to make.

Graphical Abstract
Body composition parameters and sarcopenia in adults with Down syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Villani Emanuele Rocco , Onder Graziano , Marzetti Emanuele , Coelho-Junior Helio , Calvani Riccardo , Di Paola Antonella , Carfì Angelo
Published: March 2024

Background

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience premature aging. Whether accelerated aging involves changes in body composition parameters and is associated with early development of sarcopenia is unclear.

Aims

To compare parameters of body composition and the prevalence of sarcopenia between adults with DS and the general population.

Methods

Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FMI) and skeletal mass indices (SMI) were calculated as the ratio between total body fat mass and appendicular lean mass and the square of height, respectively. Fat mass distribution was assessed by the android/gynoid fat ratio (A/G). Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria and cut-points recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2). Data on age- and sex-matched non-DS controls were retrieved from the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population.

Results

Sixty-four DS adults (mean age 37.2 ± 12.0 years, 20.3% women) were enrolled and compared with age- and sex-matched NHANES participants (n = 256), in a 1:4 ratio. FMI (7.96 ± 3.18 kg/m2 vs. 8.92 ± 4.83 kg/m2, p = 0.135), SMI (7.38 ± 1.01 kg/m2 vs. 7.46 ± 2.77 kg/m2, p = 0.825) and A/G (0.98 ± 0.17 vs. 1.01 ± 0.22, p = 0.115) were not significantly different between DS and control participants. When the sample was stratified by sex, women with DS had a higher FMI compared with their NHANES controls (10.16 ± 4.35 kg/m2 vs. 8.11 ± 4.29 kg/m2, p < 0.001), while men with DS had lower A/G ratio (1.04 ± 0.16 vs. 1.11 ± 0.22, p = 0.002). Sarcopenia was more frequent in individuals with DS than in controls (35.6% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.007). This association was stronger in men 40 years and older.

Conclusions

Adults with DS have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia compared with the general population. This finding suggests that DS is associated with early muscle aging and calls for the design of interventions targeting the skeletal muscle to prevent or treat sarcopenia.
Primary, allied health, selected specialists, and mental health service utilisation by home care recipients in Australia before and after accessing the care, 2017–2019
Authors: Thapaliya Kailash , Caughey Gillian E. , Crotty Maria , Williams Helena , Wesselingh Steve L. , Roder David , Cornell Victoria , Harvey Gillian , Sluggett Janet K. , Gill Tiffany K. , Cations Monica , Khadka Jyoti , Kellie Andrew , Inacio Maria C.
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To examine changes in primary, allied health, selected specialists, and mental health service utilisation by older people in the year before and after accessing home care package (HCP) services.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study using the Registry of Senior Australians Historical National Cohort (≥ 65 years old), including individuals accessing HCP services between 2017 and 2019 (N = 109,558), was conducted. The utilisation of general practice (GP) attendances, health assessments, chronic disease management plans, allied health services, geriatric, pain, palliative, and mental health services, subsidised by the Australian Government Medicare Benefits Schedule, was assessed in the 12 months before and after HCP access, stratified by HCP level (1–2 vs. 3–4, i.e., lower vs. higher care needs). Relative changes in service utilisation 12 months before and after HCP access were estimated using adjusted risk ratios (aRR) from Generalised Estimating Equation Poisson models.

Results

Utilisation of health assessments (7-10.2%), chronic disease management plans (19.7–28.2%), and geriatric, pain, palliative, and mental health services (all ≤ 2.5%) remained low, before and after HCP access. Compared to 12 months prior to HCP access, 12 months after, GP after-hours attendances increased (HCP 1–2 from 6.95 to 7.5%, aRR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.11; HCP 3–4 from 7.76 to 9.32%, aRR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.13–1.28) and allied health services decreased (HCP 1–2 from 34.8 to 30.7%, aRR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.87–0.90; HCP levels 3–4 from 30.5 to 24.3%, aRR = 0.80, 95%CI 0.77–0.82).

Conclusions

Most MBS subsidised preventive, management and specialist services are underutilised by older people, both before and after HCP access and small changes are observed after they access HCP.
Symbolic position analysis for three 6-DOF parallel mechanisms and new insight
Authors: Du Zhongqiu , Li Ju , Meng Qingmei , Ye Pengda , Shen Huiping
Published: March 2024

The authors‘ previous research has demonstrated that parallel mechanisms (PMs) with hybrid branch chains (i.e., branch chains containing planar or spatial loops) can possess symbolic forward position (SFP) solutions and motion decoupling (MD). In order to further study the conditions of a three-chain six degrees of freedom (DOF) parallel mechanism with SFP and MD, this paper proposes one 6-DOF branch chain A and two 5-DOF branch chains B and C. Based on these, a class of four 6-DOF PMs with three branch chains is devised. The symbolic position analysis of three of four such PMs is performed consequently, featuring partial MD and SFPs, which reveals that if the position or orientation of a point on the moving platform can be determined by the position of the hybrid branch chain, the PM exhibits partial MD and SFP. Finally, the accuracy of the symbolized forward and inverse solution algorithms is verified through numerical examples. This research brings a new insight into the design and position analysis of 6-DOF PMs, particularly those with SFP and partial MD.
Remote Sensing of Source Currents of Narrow Bipolar Events Using Measured Electric Fields
Authors: Pervez Zaid , Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P.
Published: March 2024

In this work the electric field of narrow bipolar events (NBEs) measured at a remote location is used to extract the current waveform of the source discharge. All calculations correspond to a vertical linear current source above a perfectly conducting ground plane. The current study uses the well established formulation of electromagnetic fields in the frequency domain, and develops a deconvolution based technique to obtain exact reconstruction of the source current, improving upon previous modeling of NBEs, which often require tuning several inter‐dependent parameters to determine the current that best reproduces the observed electric field. Our proposed solution, although readily available in standard electromagnetic textbooks, has never been employed in the context of lightning related discharges, and offers a simple and efficient alternative to previous conventional time domain calculations.
The Apollo 17 Regolith: Induced Thermoluminescence Evidence for Formation by a Single Event ∼100 Million Years Ago and Possibly the Presence of Tycho Material
Authors: Sehlke A. , Sears D. W. G. ,   the ANGSA Science Team
Published: March 2024

We explored the geological history of the Taurus‐Littrow Valley at the Apollo 17 landing site through the induced thermoluminescence (TL) properties of regolith samples collected from the foothills of the Northern and Southern Massifs, from near the landing site, and from the deep drill core taken in proximity to the landing site. The samples were recently made available by NASA through the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis program in anticipation of the forthcoming Artemis missions. We found that the two samples from the foothills of the massifs exhibit induced TL values approximately four times higher than those of the valley samples. This observation is consistent with their elevated plagioclase content, indicating their predominantly highland material composition. Conversely, the valley samples display induced TL values characteristic of lunar mare material. The samples from the deep drill core demonstrate uniformly induced TL properties, despite originating from depths of up to 3 m. Notably, one of the samples from the lower section of the deep drill core presents anomalous‐induced TL readings. This anomaly coincides with elevated levels of low‐potassium KREEP along with reduced quantities of anorthositic gabbro and orange glass, and could be due to the traces of phosphate minerals. Alternatively, this observation raises the possibility that this sample contains Tycho impact material. The induced TL data is consistent with the regolith, extending to a depth of at least 3 m, having been deposited by a singular event approximately 100 million years ago. This timing aligns with the hypothesized formation of the Tycho crater.
Out With the Old, in With the Cold
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: March 2024

A 12-meter telescope at the Arecibo Observatory gets outfitted with a wideband cryogenic system to expand its capabilities.
Design and simulation of 4 kW solar power-based hybrid EV charging station
Authors: Singla Priyanshu , Boora Shakuntla , Singhal Poonam , Mittal Nitin , Mittal Vikas , Gared Fikreselam
Published: March 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become an attractive alternative to IC engine cars due to the increased interest in lowering the consumption of fossil fuels and pollution. This paper presents the design and simulation of a 4 kW solar power-based hybrid EV charging station. With the increasing demand for electric vehicles and the strain they pose on the electrical grid, particularly at fast and superfast charging stations, the development of sustainable and efficient charging infrastructure is crucial. The proposed hybrid charging station integrates solar power and battery energy storage to provide uninterrupted power for EVs, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing grid overload. The system operates using a three-stage charging strategy, with the PV array, battery bank, and grid electricity ensuring continuous power supply for EVs. Additionally, the system can export surplus solar energy to the grid, reducing the load demand. The paper also discusses the use of MPPT techniques, PV cell modeling, and charge controller algorithms to optimize the performance of the hybrid charging station.
Scoring method of English composition integrating deep learning in higher vocational colleges
Authors: Feng Shuo , Yu Lixia , Liu Fen
Published: March 2024

Along with the progress of natural language processing technology and deep learning, the subjectivity, slow feedback, and long grading time of traditional English essay grading have been addressed. Intelligent English automatic scoring has been widely concerned by scholars. Given the limitations of topic relevance feature extraction methods and traditional automatic grading methods for English compositions, a topic decision model is proposed to calculate the topic relevance score of the topic richness in English composition. Then, based on the Score of Relevance Based on Topic Richness (TRSR) calculation method, an intelligent English composition scoring method combining artificial feature extraction and deep learning is designed. From the findings, the Topic Decision (TD) model achieved the best effect only when it was iterated 80 times. The corresponding accuracy, recall and F1 value were 0.97, 0.93 and 0.95 respectively. The model training loss finally stabilized at 0.03. The Intelligent English Composition Grading Method Integrating Deep Learning (DLIECG) method has the best overall performance and the best performance on dataset P. To sum up, the intelligent English composition scoring method has better effectiveness and reliability.
Phylogenomics of Tetraopes longhorn beetles unravels their evolutionary history and biogeographic origins
Authors: Gutiérrez-Trejo Nayeli , Van Dam Matthew H. , Lam Athena W. , Martínez-Herrera Gonzalo , Noguera Felipe A. , Weissling Thomas , Ware Jessica L. , Toledo-Hernández Víctor H. , Skillman Frederick W. , Farrell Brian D. , Pérez-Flores Oscar , Prendini Lorenzo , Carpenter James M.
Published: March 2024

Tetraopes longhorn beetles are known for their resistance to milkweed plant toxins and their coevolutionary dynamics with milkweed plants (Asclepias). This association is considered a textbook example of coevolution, in which each species of Tetraopes is specialized to feed on one or a few species of Asclepias. A major challenge to investigating coevolutionary hypotheses and conducting molecular ecology studies lies in the limited understanding of the evolutionary history and biogeographical patterns of Tetraopes. By integrating genomic, morphological, paleontological, and geographical data, we present a robust phylogeny of Tetraopes and their relatives, using three inference methods with varying subsets of data, encompassing 2–12 thousand UCE loci. We elucidate the diversification patterns of Tetraopes species across major biogeographical regions and their colonization of the American continent. Our findings suggest that the genus originated in Central America approximately 21 million years ago during the Miocene and diversified from the Mid-Miocene to the Pleistocene. These events coincided with intense geological activity in Central America. Additionally, independent colonization events in North America occurred from the Late Miocene to the early Pleistocene, potentially contributing to the early diversification of the group. Our data suggest that a common ancestor of Tetraopini migrated into North America, likely facilitated by North Atlantic land bridges, while closely related tribes diverged in Asia and Europe during the Paleocene. Establishing a robust and densely sampled phylogeny of Tetraopes beetles provides a foundation for investigating micro- and macroevolutionary phenomena, including clinal variation, coevolution, and detoxification mechanisms in this ecologically important group.
Very important pharmacogenetic variants landscape and potential clinical relevance in the Zhuang population from Yunnan province
Authors: Li Yujie , Chang Yanting , Yan Yan , Ma Xiaoya , Zhou Wenqian , Zhang Huan , Guo Jinping , Wei Jie , Jin Tianbo
Published: March 2024

The gradual evolution of pharmacogenomics has shed light on the genetic basis for inter-individual drug response variations across diverse populations. This study aimed to identify pharmacogenomic variants that differ in Zhuang population compared with other populations and investigate their potential clinical relevance in gene-drug and genotypic-phenotypic associations. A total of 48 variants from 24 genes were genotyped in 200 Zhuang subjects using the Agena MassARRAY platform. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution data of 26 populations were obtained from the 1000 Genomes Project, followed by a comparison and statistical analysis. After Bonferroni correction, significant differences in genotype frequencies were observed of CYP3A5 (rs776746), ACE (rs4291), KCNH2 (rs1805123), and CYP2D6 (rs1065852) between the Zhuang population and the other 26 populations. It was also found that the Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China, Han Chinese in Beijing, China, and Southern Han Chinese, China showed least deviation from the Zhuang population. The Esan in Nigeria, Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia, and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria exhibited the largest differences. This was also proved by structural analysis, Fst analysis and phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, these differential variants may be associated with the pharmacological efficacy and toxicity of Captopril, Amlodipine, Lisinopril, metoclopramide, and alpha-hydroxymetoprolol in the Zhuang population. Our study has filled the gap of pharmacogenomic information in the Zhuang population and has provided a theoretical framework for the secure administration of drugs in the Zhuang population.
Predictive three-biomarker panel in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fayazzadeh Sara , Ghorbaninejad Mahsa , Rabbani Amirhassan , Zahiri Javad , Meyfour Anna
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers and accounts for a significant proportion of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. This disease, marked by multifaceted etiology, often poses diagnostic challenges. Finding a reliable and non-invasive diagnostic method seems to be necessary. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of 20 HCC patients, 12 individuals with chronic hepatitis, and 15 healthy controls. Enrichment analysis revealed that platelet aggregation, secretory granule lumen, and G-protein-coupled purinergic nucleotide receptor activity were common biological processes, cellular components, and molecular function in HCC and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) compared to healthy controls, respectively. Furthermore, pathway analysis demonstrated that “estrogen response” was involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and CHB conditions, while, “apoptosis” and “coagulation” pathways were specific for HCC. Employing computational feature selection and logistic regression classification, we identified candidate genes pivotal for diagnostic panel development and evaluated the performance of these panels. Subsequent machine learning evaluations assessed these panels’ performance in an independent cohort. Remarkably, a 3-marker panel, comprising RANSE2, TNF-α, and MAP3K7, demonstrated the best performance in qRT-PCR-validated experimental data, achieving 98.4% accuracy and an area under the curve of 1. Our findings highlight this panel’s promising potential as a non-invasive approach not only for detecting HCC but also for distinguishing HCC from CHB patients.
Studying tourism development and its impact on carbon emissions
Authors: Zhao Xiaochun , Li Taiwei , Duan Xin
Published: March 2024

Analyzing the influence of tourism on carbon emission has significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of tourism. Based on the panel data of 31 tourist cities in China from 2005 to 2022, this study utilizes a structural equation model to explore the carbon reduction effect of tourism development and its influencing mechanism. The results show that: (1) The overall carbon emission efficiency of tourism cities first decreased and then increased, rised to a peak of 0.923 in 2022. (2) Tourism development has a significant positive impact on carbon emission efficiency, and there are three influence paths: tourism → environmental regulation → carbon emission efficiency, tourism → environmental regulation → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency, and tourism → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency. (3) The influence of tourism development on carbon emission efficiency mainly depends on the direct effect, and the development of tourism also indirectly affect the industrial structure. Environmental regulation also mainly depends on the direct effect on carbon emission efficiency. (4) Foreign direct investment lead to the reduction of carbon emission efficiency in both direct and indirect aspects.
Surfactant protein A promotes western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice
Authors: Dare Ayobami , King Skylar D. , Chen Shi-You
Published: March 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains the most common cause of liver disease in the United States due to the increased incidence of metabolic dysfunction and obesity. Surfactant protein A (SPA) regulates macrophage function, strongly binds to lipids, and is implicated in renal and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the role of SPA in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis that characterize MASLD remains unknown. SPA deficient (SPA−/−) and age-matched wild-type (WT) control mice were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks to induce MASLD. Blood and liver samples were collected and used to analyze pathological features associated with MASLD. SPA expression was significantly upregulated in livers of mice with MASLD. SPA deficiency attenuated lipid accumulation along with downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake and reduction of hepatic inflammation as evidenced by the diminished macrophage activation, decreased monocyte infiltration, and reduced production of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, SPA−/− inhibited stellate cell activation, collagen deposit, and liver fibrosis. These results highlight the novel role of SPA in promoting fatty acid uptake into hepatocytes, causing excessive lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis implicated in the pathogenesis of MASLD.
Microcurrent wave alleviates mouse intracranial arterial dolichoectasia development
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Vu Huy Duc , Park Min Hee , Huynh Phuong Tu , Youn Sung Won , Kwon Dong Rak
Published: March 2024

Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is associated with the interaction of hypertension and inflammation, and microcurrent can be effective in hypertension. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation in a mouse IADE model. This study randomly categorized 20 mice into five groups: group 1-C (healthy control), group 2-D (IADE model), group 3-M + D (microcurrent administration before nephrectomy and until brain surgery), group 4-D + M (microcurrent administration for 4 weeks following brain surgery), and group 5-M (microcurrent administration for 4 weeks). Cerebral artery diameter and thickness and cerebral arterial wall extracellular matrix components were assessed. Among the five groups, group 2-D showed significantly higher cerebral arterial wall diameter (117.79 ± 17.05 µm) and proportion of collagen (42.46 ± 14.12%) and significantly lower arterial wall thickness (9.31 ± 2.26 µm) and proportion of smooth muscle cell (SMC) and elastin in the cerebral arterial wall (SMC: 38.05 ± 10.32%, elastin: 11.11 ± 6.97%). Additionally, group 4-D + M exhibited a non-significantly lower diameter (100.28 ± 25.99 µm) and higher thickness (12.82 ± 5.17 µm). Group 5-M demonstrated no evidence of toxicity in the liver and brain. The pilot study revealed that microcurrent is effective in preventing IADE development, although these beneficial effects warrant further investigation.
Optimization of simultaneous adsorption of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc from sulfuric solutions using weakly acidic resins
Authors: Kolbadinejad Somayeh , Ghaemi Ahad
Published: March 2024

In this research, the adsorption of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) from real sulfuric leaching solution with weakly acidic resins has been studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The adsorption process on two weakly acidic resins has been investigated as a function of pH, time, temperature, and resin dosage. The experimental results indicate that the amino phosphoric acid resin removed Ni, Cu, Cd, and Zn from an acidic solution very efficiently. Based on the central composite design (CCD) on the RSM, the statistical criteria of correlation coefficient (R2) values of Ni, Cu, Cd, and Zn are 0.9418, 0.9753, 0.9657, and 0.9189, respectively. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the thermodynamic calculations indicated the chemical interaction between the resin surface and the metal ions. Enthalpy values greater than zero indicate that the adsorption reaction of the metals is endothermic. The optimal adsorption process was carried out at time of 20 min, temperature of 30 0C, pH of 5, and resin dosage of 4 g/L. In these conditions, the adsorption capacity of nickel, copper, cadmium, and zinc were obtained 13.408, 7.087, 4.357, and 15.040 mg/g, respectively.
Production of spread cheese by incorporating micro-encapsulated pepper oil with corn oil
Authors: Mohichehra Sobirova , Rifky Mohamed , Dissanayake Kasun , Farmonov Jasur , Boynazarova Yulduz , Meyliyev Akhror , Hunupolagama Dulangana , Samadiy Murodjon
Published: March 2024

The incorporation of functional ingredients in cheese is a new technology application in the food industry. Black pepper oil and corn oil were purchased from commercial stores and micro-encapsulated with the 0:0 g, 15:0 g, 0:15 g, 7.5:7.5 g named as T1 to T4 respectively and added into the cheese while maintaining the standard process. Prepared samples were put into 175 ml glass bottles and kept for sensory, chemical, and microbiological analyses at room temperature and then chilled. The sensory attributes were examined using the hedonic test. The exception of taste, no significant differences in qualitative attributes was identified in all samples. To assess the shelf life of the product designed for marketability, measurements were made on a regular basis for microbiological characteristics such as total plate count, yeast and molds, and coliforms, as well as chemical data such as pH, moisture content, and titratable acidity. The micro-encapsulated products showed a minimum change in the sensory and chemical attributes therefore, it can be concluded that the microencapsulation technology is useful to produce a better spread cheese.
Bioactive Compounds of Sanrego (Lunasia AmaraBlanco.) Extracted Using Different Methods: A Review
Authors: Dhani Putri Mawar , Bakar Tawali Abu
Published: March 2024

The use of plants as medicine has been trusted by the community since time immemorial. Sanrego (Lunasia amaraBlanco.) is one plant that has been believed to be an aphrodisiac. Sanrego is a wild plant found in the forests of Sulawesi, Java, Borneo, Maluku, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia, and belongs to theRutaceae Family. Sanrego has several properties such as treating stomach pain, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, snake bites and increasing sexual aggressiveness. This is because sanrego has bioactive ingredients as pharmacological. Sanrego extract contains secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds that include flavanoids, tannins, alakloids, steroids and saponins. Given the large variety of bioactive compounds in a sanrego plant, it is necessary to pay attention to extraction techniques in filtering these compounds. Some environmentally friendly extraction methods that can be used include maceration extraction methods, soxhlet, reflux, ultasonic, microwave, and enzyme assistance. This review discusses and describes the various extraction techniques used to obtain plant bioactive compounds. These extraction techniques include conventional extraction techniques and non-conventional extraction techniques. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this extraction technique. This review covers the application of extraction methods to sanrego plants.
The Potential of Processing Chromolaena Odorata Leaves in Solving Health Issues: A Review
Authors: Zalfa Khairunnisa Nina , Nasrum Massi Muh , Sunarno Isharyah , Hami Firdaus , Nilawati Usman Andi , Prihantono
Published: March 2024

Chromolaena Odorata L. locally called kopasanda, is an invasive plant native to Indonesia that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Traditionally, this plant is commonly consumed and processed into several foods used to treat various health problems. This study aims to review the food potential of Chromolaena Odorata L. in overcoming health problems. This literature study was obtained from analysis of library sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. The results show that Chromolaena Odorata L. could be processed into food or drink used to treat health problems such as wound healing, skin infections, stomach problems, and others. The benefit is due to the plant's chemical compounds, which are beneficially used as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, analgesic, and other properties. The conclusion is that the processed Chromolaena Odarata L. plant has the potential to be used as a treatment for several health problems.
Analysis of Ginger Varieties (Zingiber Officinale) in Indonesia, Nutritional Content and Potential for Health
Authors: Fitri Yanti Cindy , Nilawati Usman Andi , Ahmad Mardiana , Ilhammudin  , Ariyandi Andi , Budiaman
Published: March 2024

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a traditional spice that is widely used as a medicine with a myriad of benefits because it is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds that are used in health. Examining the character of various varieties of ginger in Indonesia, nutritional content, pharmacology, and their potential for health. Literature study by reviewing 30 references to publication articles in national and international journals accessed through sciencedirect, google scholar, Pubmed, wiLey. In Indonesia there are 3 varieties of ginger, namely sunti ginger, gajah ginger and emprit ginger. Nutritional content including, energy, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, sodium, iron, potassium and vitamins. Pharmacological activities in ginger include antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral Ginger for health can be used to overcome nausea, vomiting, coughing, relieving headaches, and dealing with stress. Ginger contains many nutrients and is beneficial for health.
Application of Dynamic Model for Designing Zero Runoff System to Control Erosion in Cocoa Fields
Authors: Suhardi  , Munir Ahmad , Sapsal Muhammad Tahir
Published: March 2024

Land degradation in cocoa plantations is mainly caused by surface runoff erosion. Surface runoff can be reduced by applying a Zero Runoff (ZRO) system. This system effectively reduces runoff when its size sufficiently infiltrates all surface runoff. This study aims to determine the size, dimensions, and location of a ZRO system that effectively increases infiltration and prevents surface runoff. The size and dimensions of the system were designed using a water balance approach, where all surface runoff is collected in the ZRO system and then infiltrated. Surface runoff was calculated using the Soil Conservation Services (SCS) method. The potential infiltration rate is a function of the soil's saturated hydraulic conductivity and the system's surface area. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil was determined using the falling head method. The size and dimensions of the system were determined through model simulation based on field physical condition data using a dynamic model. The research results showed that the size and dimensions of the system depend on the amount of rainfall, the area of the catchment area, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. From the dynamic model simulation, all surface runoff will be infiltrated if the dimensions of the zero runoff system are 1 x 1 x 0.5 m. This size can accommodate a water volume between 0 – 0,006 m3, so with a system depth of 1,000 mm, there is no surface runoff.
Comparative Analysis of Enzymatic and Immunological Biosensors in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Praveena K. , Manjunatha  , Kalbande Vijay , Khan Irfan , Maan Preeti , Zabibah Rahman S.
Published: March 2024

Biosensors are essential for transforming biological signals into electrical ones and have a wide range of uses in the biomedical, agricultural, and environmental fields. A biosensor is a device that combines biological and physicochemical elements to detect changes in physiological or biochemical states. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development and application of enzymatic and immunological biosensors, emphasizing their significant role in environmental, agricultural, and biomedical sectors. By leveraging the unique properties of natural polysaccharides, particularly cellulose, for their construction, these biosensors offer enhanced biocompatibility, robust mechanical strength, and costeffectiveness. This study discusses the principles underlying biosensors, including their biological recognition elements, transduction mechanisms, and output systems. Enzymatic biosensors, characterized by their use of enzymes as bio receptors, and immunological biosensors, utilizing antibodies or antigens for the detection of immunocomplex formation, are evaluated in detail. Through comparative analysis, the paper highlights the diverse functionalities, sensitivities, and applications of these biosensors, ranging from glucose and hydrogen peroxide detection to monitoring of protein markers and E. coli bacteria. The study underscores the biosensors’ ability for facilitating rapid, incredibly sensitive, and specific detection capabilities, critical for advancing scientific diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and food protection.
Beyond Food: using smart pest management in IoT greenhouses to foster environmental sustainability
Authors: Deepthi Palakurthy , Subhashini Katpally , Sai Vaishnavi Buddharaju , Gitali Polapalli , Mohammad Kahtan A. , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Nijhawan Ginni , Kalra Ravi
Published: March 2024

Higher yields and year-round crop cultivation are provided by greenhouse farming, but there are drawbacks as well, such as the need to maintain ideal environmental conditions and safeguard crops from pests. Conventional techniques frequently use chemical pesticides, which raises issues for the environment and human health. Through the integration of smart pest management within an Internet of Things (IoT)-powered greenhouse, the “IoT GREEN” project provides a sustainable solution. This creative system monitors important environmental variables including temperature, humidity, light, and soil moisture using wireless sensors and a Raspberry Pi. Farmers are given the ability to remotely monitor their crops thanks to the transmission of real-time data to an open-source cloud server and its visualization via a local web server. Importantly, “IoT GREEN” incorporates smart pest detection, which goes beyond simple monitoring. By identifying possible insect infestations early on and using sophisticated algorithms and picture recognition, this technology enables targeted interventions. “IoT GREEN” reduces dependency on hazardous pesticides by using non-chemical techniques like biocontrol agents or pheromone traps, promoting a more sustainable agricultural ecosystem. In addition to protecting crops, this all-encompassing strategy also fosters biodiversity, lowers environmental impact, and guarantees food safety.
Parametric Study of Three Dimension RCC Frame Structure for During Earthquake Condition
Authors: Raman Ravi Shankar , Anjimoon Shaik , R J Anandhi , Sheikh Ayaz , Parmar Ashish , Sharma Niti , Adnan Myasar Mundher
Published: March 2024

In India’s seismically active region, the necessity for earthquake-resistant structures is highlighted by seismic waves that alter the motion of the earth. Response spectrum analysis combines modal responses via techniques including CQC, and ABS, taking into account a variety of response modes. This study compares earthquake loads using various soil types in Zone III and evaluates building performance during seismic events. The primary goal of the entire project is to analyse the seismic response of multistory buildings. Staad Pro Software does load calculations in order to analyse the entire structure. The outcomes turned out to be incredibly exact and precise. A G+7 and G+10 storey building was examined for every potential load combination (seismic, live, and dead loads) during my analysis and design process. The highly interactive and user-friendly user interface of Staad. Pro allows. Numerous factors that may impact earthquake ground movements and associated reaction spectra are included in analytical approaches for site response analysis. To ensure that assessments of earthquake ground motons at the site are reliable, it is crucial to look into how these parameters affect site reaction analysis. The parametric study presented in this work looks into how site factors affect ground motion during earthquakes. We calculated the response reduction of the common moment-resisting body case and the unique moment-resisting frame values Tall Construction’s seismic reaction using the Staad Pro programme.
Green Reinforcement: Enhancing Aluminum-Based Composite Manufacturing with Waste Bagasse via Stir Casting Technique
Authors: Lakhanpal Sorabh , Kareem Hawraa , Sreevani V. , Chauhan Shilpi , Sharma Sanjeev , Yadav Dinesh Kumar
Published: March 2024

This study explores the use of waste bagasse ash as reinforcement in aluminum-based composites manufactured via stir casting. Bagasse ash particles were methodically introduced into molten aluminum at 700°C while being stirred at 500 rpm for 12 minutes to achieve uniform dispersion. The addition of 7.5% waste bagasse ash resulted in significant improvements across multiple mechanical properties. Tensile strength increased by 12.45%, hardness showed a remarkable enhancement of 21.32%, fatigue strength exhibited a substantial improvement of 19.45%, and wear resistance demonstrated a notable enhancement of 18.76%, all compared to the base composite. These findings highlight the effectiveness of utilizing waste bagasse ash as reinforcement, offering a sustainable approach to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminum-based composites. This research contributes to advancing eco-friendly manufacturing practices and underscores the potential of waste materials in optimizing material performance.
Advancing Aluminum-Based Composites with Fly Ash and SiC Reinforcement through Stir Casting
Authors: Salam Abood Ahmed , P K Jisha , Karuna G. , Jain Alok , Goel Radha , Kumar Chandra Pradeep
Published: March 2024

This study explores the advancement of aluminum-based composites through the integration of fly ash and silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement via stir casting. The process involves melting the alloy in a crucible within a muffle furnace at 700°C, gradually introducing fly ash and SiC particles while stirring at 450 rpm for 12 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion. The addition of 5% SiC and 2.5% fly ash led to significant improvements in multiple mechanical properties.Tensile strength experienced a remarkable enhancement of approximately 19.56%, while hardness showcased a substantial increase of about 34.67%. Furthermore, fatigue strength demonstrated a notable improvement of approximately 26.87%, and wear resistance exhibited a significant enhancement of approximately 31.45%. These enhancements underscore the efficacy of integrating fly ash and SiC reinforcement, highlighting the potential for advanced aluminum composites with superior mechanical properties. This approach presents a promising avenue for enhancing material performance, with implications for diverse industrial applications requiring durability, strength, and wear resistance.
Revolutionizing Aluminum-Based Composites: Enhancing Strength with Eggshell and Bagasse Ash Reinforcement via Stir Casting
Authors: C P Vandana , Sruthi P. , Jain Alok , Bhati Savita , Praveen  , Mohammad Q.
Published: March 2024

The study explores a novel approach to enhance the strength of aluminum-based composites by incorporating eggshell and bagasse ash reinforcement through stir casting. The alloy melting process occurred within a muffle furnace, reaching a temperature of 690°C to ensure complete liquefaction. Eggshell and bagasse ash particles were gradually introduced into the molten alloy, while stirring at 480 rpm, ensuring uniform dispersion over 14 minutes. The addition of 4% eggshell and 2.5% bagasse ash led to significant improvements across various mechanical properties. Tensile strength experienced a notable enhancement of approximately 17.89%, while hardness showcased a remarkable increase of approximately 24.66%. Furthermore, fatigue strength demonstrated a significant improvement of approximately 19.56%, and wear resistance exhibited a significant enhancement of approximately 23.8%.These findings underscore the efficacy of eggshell and bagasse ash reinforcement in bolstering the mechanical performance of aluminum-based composites. Such advancements hold promise for diverse applications, from structural components to wear-resistant coatings, offering sustainable and cost-effective solutions in materials engineering.
Analyzing solid waste management practices for the hotel industry
Authors: Sobti Rajeev , K Ravikiran , Kareem Hawraa , P K Jisha , Dhamija Koushal , Rao A.L.N.
Published: March 2024

The waste management agenda is significant, and it requires administrative attention, guidance, and public awareness on a priority basis. Effective waste management impacts social, economic, and ecological concerns. The purpose of this research was to survey methods for managing solid waste in the hospitality sector. To reduce their negative effects on the environment, stay in compliance with regulations, and make their guests happier, hotels must have efficient waste management systems. Some important practices involve carrying out waste audits, reducing waste at its source, recycling, composting, and managing hazardous waste properly. To show their dedication to environmental protection and ethical business practices, hotels may optimise their waste management through staff training, stakeholder involvement, and continuous improvement in initiatives. By adopting these practices, we can lessen the amount of trash that ends up in landfills and assist in rendering the hotel business more sustainable. There is significance difference between presence of garden and restaurant on solid waste generation rate. The information presented in this article is crucial for waste management planning and resource allocation in many different types of contexts, including residential, industrial as well as hotels.
CFD Simulation of Triangular Shape and Circular Shape Concentric Triple Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Alekhya V. , Rajalakshmi B. , Makeshwar M. , Khan Irfan , Paul Surovi , Mohammed I. Habelalmateen
Published: March 2024

In the current study, the investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow Characteristics of Pure water when pass through an inner annulus triangular shape and circular shape triple tube heat exchanger (CTTHX). this investigation has been conducted across various Reynolds Number to gain insights into their performance also conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using the ANSYS-FLUENT software. Result obtained was validated by comparing to empirical correlation data found in the existing literature. The investigation considered various operating variable as Reynolds Number and temperature across the inner, intermediate, and outer tubes. Specifically, the Reynolds Number of 2000 at 305 K, a range of 2000 to 4500 at 340 K, and 2000 at 295 K for the respective tubes. Key findings are that friction factor of triangular shape is increase by 10.5% and for circular shape by 2.69% as compared to correlation in existing literature. And Nusselt number (Nu) for triangular shape increase by 39.19% and for circular shape by 13.30% as compared to correlation in the range of Reynolds Number (Re) from 2000 to 4500. The effectiveness was increased by 16.67% and 7.6% for triangular shape and circular shape respectively as compared to existing literature.
Precision farming practices with data-driven analysis and machine learning-based crop and fertiliser recommendation system
Authors: Vijender Reddy G. , Venkata Krishna Reddy M. , Spandana K. , Subbarayudu Yerragudipadu , Albawi Ali , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Singla Atul , Praveen
Published: March 2024

Agriculture forms a major occupation in countries like India. More than 75% people rely on farming for their daily wages. Food security on a global scale is mostly dependent on agriculture. Hence, achieving good yield in the crops grown by farmers is the major concern. Various environmental factors have a significant impact on the crop yield. One such component that contributes majorly to the crop yield is soil. Due to urbanization and enhanced industrialization, the agricultural soil is getting contaminated, losing fertility, and hindering the crop yield. One exciting new way to maximise crop yields while decreasing input costs is precision farming, which makes use of machine learning (ML) and the IoT. Machine Learning (ML) is employed for agricultural data analysis. The goal of this research is to optimise agricultural practices by presenting an integrated crop and fertiliser recommendation system. The proposed ML based model “Precision Agriculture” aims at predicting the suitable crops that can be grown based on the class which the soil sample belongs to and suggests the fertilizers that can be used to further enhance the fertility of soil. Using proposed model, farmers can make decisions on which crop to grow based on the soil classification and decide upon the nitrogen–phosphorous– potassium (NPK) fertilizers ratio that can be used. Comparison of the SVM algorithm with Naive Bayes, and LSTM has shown that SVM performed with a higher accuracy. Decision support tools that integrate AI and domain knowledge are provided by the study, which is a substantial contribution to precision agriculture.
Extending the measurement capabilities of 3D X-ray microscopy to dimensional metrology
Authors: Villarraga-Gómez Herminso , Kotwal Naomi , Zarnetta Robert
Published: March 2024

In the industry of manufactured and assembled devices, the miniaturization and integration of small components with feature sizes on the order of 10 mm or smaller leads to new demands for inspection measurement systems. There are requirements for higher levels of resolution, precision, and accuracy, ideally with technologies that measure internal features and avoid causing damage to the original device. Three-dimensional (3D) techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) may be used to non-destructively inspect internal geometries, or features, that are difficult to reach (or impracticable to access) with tactile probes. Traditional CT systems are, however, limited in resolution and achievable measurement accuracy. One alternative would be to use higher resolution instruments such as 3D X-ray microscopes and expand their measurement capabilities to the field of high precision metrology. This paper demonstrates how to perform non-destructive inspection in small-scale volumes, using a field-of-view (FOV) of about 5 mm diameter, and achieve dimensional measurements that are highly repeatable and accurate (with deviations from calibrated data within the ±1 μm range). This capability is relevant for the electronic industry, e.g., for measurements of camera modules or injection molded connectors, and for manufacturing highly efficient components, e.g., fuel spraying injectors and additive manufactured components with small internal features.