bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of cardiovascular death in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on the Fine-Gray model
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Liu Zi-Rong , Liu Zhi , Bai Yi , Chi Hao , Chen Da-Peng , Zhang Ya-Min , Cui Zi-Lin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancers worldwide, ranking fifth among men and seventh among women, resulting in more than 7 million deaths annually. With the development of medical technology, the 5-year survival rate of HCC patients can be increased to 70%. However, HCC patients are often at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) death due to exposure to potentially cardiotoxic treatments compared with non-HCC patients. Moreover, CVD and cancer have become major disease burdens worldwide. Thus, further research is needed to lessen the risk of CVD death in HCC patient survivors.

AIM

To determine the independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients and predict cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in HCC patients.

METHODS

This study was conducted on the basis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and included HCC patients with a diagnosis period from 2010 to 2015. The independent risk factors were identified using the Fine-Gray model. A nomograph was constructed to predict the CVM in HCC patients. The nomograph performance was measured using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) value. Moreover, the net benefit was estimated via decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

The study included 21545 HCC patients, of whom 619 died of CVD. Age (< 60) [1.981 (1.573-2.496), P < 0.001], marital status (married) [unmarried: 1.370 (1.076-1.745), P = 0.011], alpha fetoprotein (normal) [0.778 (0.640-0.946), P = 0.012], tumor size (≤ 2 cm) [(2, 5] cm: 1.420 (1.060-1.903), P = 0.019; > 5 cm: 2.090 (1.543-2.830), P < 0.001], surgery (no) [0.376 (0.297-0.476), P < 0.001], and chemotherapy(none/unknown) [0.578 (0.472-0.709), P < 0.001] were independent risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients. The discrimination and calibration of the nomograph were better. The C-index values for the training and validation sets were 0.736 and 0.665, respectively. The AUC values of the ROC curves at 2, 4, and 6 years were 0.702, 0.725, 0.740 in the training set and 0.697, 0.710, 0.744 in the validation set, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the predicted probabilities of the CVM prediction model in the training set vs the validation set were largely consistent with the actual probabilities. DCA demonstrated that the prediction model has a high net benefit.

CONCLUSION

Risk factors for CVD death in HCC patients were investigated for the first time. The nomograph served as an important reference tool for relevant clinical management decisions.
Identification of a novel inflammatory-related gene signature to evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer patients
Authors: Hu Jia-Li , Huang Mei-Jin , Halina Halike , Qiao Kun , Wang Zhi-Yuan , Lu Jia-Jie , Yin Cheng-Liang , Gao Feng
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a heterogeneous nature, which makes prognosis prediction and treatment determination difficult. Inflammation is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer and plays an important role in the aetiology and continued growth of tumours. Inflammation also affects the prognosis of GC patients. Recent reports suggest that a number of inflammatory-related biomarkers are useful for predicting tumour prognosis. However, the importance of inflammatory-related biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of GC patients is still unclear.

AIM

To investigate inflammatory-related biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of GC patients.

METHODS

In this study, the mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of GC patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE66229). An inflammatory-related gene prognostic signature model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model based on the GEO database. GC patients from the GSE26253 cohort were used for validation. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to determine the independent prognostic factors, and a prognostic nomogram was established. The calibration curve and the area under the curve based on receiver operating characteristic analysis were utilized to evaluate the predictive value of the nomogram. The decision curve analysis results were plotted to quantify and assess the clinical value of the nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the potential regulatory pathways involved. The relationship between tumour immune infiltration status and risk score was analysed via Tumour Immune Estimation Resource and CIBERSORT. Finally, we analysed the association between risk score and patient sensitivity to commonly used chemotherapy and targeted therapy agents.

RESULTS

A prognostic model consisting of three inflammatory-related genes (MRPS17, GUF1, and PDK4) was constructed. Independent prognostic analysis revealed that the risk score was a separate prognostic factor in GC patients. According to the risk score, GC patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups, and patients in the high-risk group had significantly worse prognoses according to age, sex, TNM stage and Lauren type. Consensus clustering identified three subtypes of inflammation that could predict GC prognosis more accurately than traditional grading and staging. Finally, the study revealed that patients in the low-risk group were more sensitive to certain drugs than were those in the high-risk group, indicating a link between inflammation-related genes and drug sensitivity.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we established a novel three-gene prognostic signature that may be useful for predicting the prognosis and personalizing treatment decisions of GC patients.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice with precancerous gastric cancer lesions
Authors: Wang Yi-Mei , Luo Zheng-Wei , Shu Yu-Lin , Zhou Xiu , Wang Lin-Qing , Liang Chun-Hong , Wu Chao-Qun , Li Chang-Ping
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is closely linked to tumourigenesis. GC has a high mortality rate and treatment cost, and there are no drugs to prevent the progression of gastric precancerous lesions to GC. Therefore, it is necessary to find a novel drug that is inexpensive and preventive to against GC.

AIM

To explore the effects of H. pylori and Moluodan on the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and precancerous lesions of GC (PLGC).

METHODS

Mice were divided into the control, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), H. pylori + MNU, and Moluodan groups. We first created an H. pylori infection model in the H. pylori + MNU and Moluodan groups. A PLGC model was created in the remaining three groups except for the control group. Moluodan was fed to mice in the Moloudan group ad libitum. The general condition of mice were observed during the whole experiment period. Gastric tissues of mice were grossly and microscopically examined. Through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, the expression of relevant genes were detected.

RESULTS

Mice in the H. pylori + MNU group showed the worst performance in general condition, gastric tissue visual and microscopic observation, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group. QRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to detect the expression of relevant genes, the results showed that the H. pylori + MNU group had the highest expression, followed by the MNU group, Moluodan group and the control group.

CONCLUSION

H. pylori can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby facilitating the development and progression of PLGC. Moluodan suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the progression of PLGC.
Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 increases malignant phenotype of human gastric epithelial cells and promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wen , Huang Ling-Yan , Li Ya-Ning , Tian Ying , Yu Jia , Wang Xiao-Fei
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

The precise role of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) in promoting malignancy in gastric mucosal cells and its involvement in gastric cancer cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated.

AIM

To determine the role of MTCH2 in gastric cancer.

METHODS

We collected 65 samples of poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissue and adjacent tissues, constructed MTCH2-overexpressing and MTCH2-knockdown cell models, and evaluated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and human gastric cancer cells (AGS) cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transformation pore (mPTP) and ATP fluorescence probe were used to detect mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial function and ATP synthase protein levels were detected via Western blotting.

RESULTS

The expression of MTCH2 and ATP2A2 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly greater than that in adjacent tissues. Overexpression of MTCH2 promoted colony formation, invasion, migration, MMP expression and ATP production in GES-1 and AGS cells while upregulating ATP2A2 expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis; knockdown of MTCH2 had the opposite effect, promoting overactivation of the mPTP and promoting apoptosis.

CONCLUSION

MTCH2 can increase the malignant phenotype of GES-1 cells and promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating mitochondrial function, providing a basis for targeted therapy for gastric cancer cells.
Fuzzy Programming Approach to Solve Multi-Objective Fully Fuzzy Transportation Problem
Authors: Admasu Tadesse  , Sirkumar Acharya  , Berhanu Belay
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is presenting the solution methodology of multi-objective fuzzy transportation problem with fuzzy decision variables, where all the input parameters and decisions variables of the programming problems are assumed to be triangular fuzzy number and triangular fuzzy decision variables respectively. Moreover the objectives under considerations are minimization of cost of transportation and minimization of shipping time under fuzzy environment. The fuzziness of the objective functions and the fuzzy constraints of the programming problem are defuzzified using the ranking function and the equality property between two fuzzy numbers, respectively. The consequent crisp multi-objective fuzzy transportation problem is tackled by employing fuzzy mathematical programming approach. Finally fuzzy decision is made after solving the resultant mathematical programming problem using LINGO(Schrage and LINDO Systems (1997)) software. Illustrative numerical example is presented in support of the proposed methodology.
Saudi Women’s Contribution to Ha’il’s Family-Centered Digital Citizenship Values
Authors: Al-Mutairi Nada Zawayyid , Al-Shammari Thahab Naif
Published: March 2024

The primary goal of the present study is to identify the contribution Saudi women make to the Ha’il region's family values of digital citizenship. The researcher employed the descriptive analytical method and the questionnaire was utilized to collect the study data, which was applied electronically to a sample of 210 individuals. The study's findings indicated that Saudi women could help their families adopt digital citizenship ideals by sharing their knowledge and engaging in particular activities related to these principles. The study also suggested that Ha’il University should take action by creating training programs, establishing a family guidance office, and developing a specialized course on this specific topic. Additionally, it recommended that the university focus its scientific studies and research on further investigations into digital citizenship and its consequences.
Study of nature of supraorbital foramen in dry human north Indian skulls
Authors: Gupta Subhash , Nirala K P , Gupta Amrita , Shukla Sagun
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Supraorbital foramina are important passage for neurovascular bundles. Their nature should be known for Ocular and facial surgeries. The aim of study was to document topographical anatomical nature of Supraorbital foramen, which is necessary for procedures which are performed in supraorbital region. Materials and methods: A total of 72 dry human skulls of unknown age and gender from North India, were studied. In each skull, nature of supraorbital foramen was observed on both sides. Results: It was observed that the supraorbital foramen was complete in33,3% on left side and in 47.2% skulls on right side, with overall bilaterality of 19.44%. It was incomplete in 18.1% skulls on left and 4.2% skulls on right side. Supraorbital notch was present bilaterally in 36.12% skulls. Conclusions: Precise knowledge about nature of Supraorbital foramen may have important implication on Orbital and periorbital procedures. It may provide guidance for anaesthetists and surgeons. Keywords: Supraorbital foramen, Nature, North Indian Human skull.
Study of the bi-orbital distance and inter-orbital distance of human dry skulls in north Indian population
Authors: Gupta Reena , Bhardwaj Kamal , Gupta Anshu , Singh Pradeep , Kulshreshtha Vasundhara
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Bi-orbital distance and inter-orbital distance are two of the most important anthropometric parameters. Distance varies with race, regions within the same race & period in evaluation. Anthropometric study of orbit is of immense importance on account of its various implications in medical science, ranging from ophthalmic surgery, facial surgery and for forensic record. It is also helpful in plastic surgery (reconstructive surgery) and is used to treat congenital or post traumatic facial disfigurements successfully. The aim of the study was to investigate the orbital anthropometric variations in the normal population. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on hundred human dry skulls in the department of anatomy, S.N medical college Agra. Bi-orbital distances and inter-orbital distances were measured directly by using digital vernier calipers. Results: In the current study, the mean bi-orbital distance was 93.29±4.37 mm and the inter-orbital distance was 19.79±2.39 mm. Conclusions: The findings of our study provide a database to determine normal inter orbital distance and bi-orbital distance. The BOD and IOD can be utilized by ophthalmologists, in reconstructive cosmetic surgeries of face and by forensic experts. Keywords: Inter-orbital distance, Bi-orbital distance, Dry skull, Digital vernier caliper.
Grant's Dissector, 17th Ed.
Authors: Poonia Deepika
Published: March 2024

"Grant's Dissector" has long been a trusted companion for medical students embarking on the intricate journey of human anatomy. Now in its 17th edition, this revered guide remains a cornerstone resource for those seeking mastery in the art of dissection. This comprehensive review aims to assess the quality of text and images, chapter by chapter, to elucidate the book's educational value.
Comprehensive study of anatomical variations of renal artery on human cadavers with its clinical significance
Authors: Khare Satyam , Jain Shilpi , Tripathi Alok , Jain Ishi , Raizaday Shobhit , Kausar Hina , Dawani Pooja , Kaushik Ram Kumar
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Renal artery is a paired branch of abdominal aorta at level of L1-L2. It divides into anterior and posterior branches. In maximum number of people this division into anterior and posterior branches takes place near the hilum but variation can be seen. Variations of renal artery is common and have different names such as supernumerary, accessory or aberrant. It is important for surgeons to have knowledge about such variations. Materials and methods: In the Department of Anatomy, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India 60 human adult cadavers were dissected and 120 kidneys along with their arteries were studied and observed for variations. Results: Out of 120 specimens, supernumerary renal arteries were seen in 25 right kidney and 24 left kidneys. Out of 25 right supernumerary renal arteries 16 are of aortic origin and 9 are of renal origin. While in 24 left supernumerary renal arteries 14 are of aortic origin and 10 are of renal origin. Conclusions: Elaborate knowledge of course along with variations in course of renal artery is of prime importance for any general surgeon, urologists, transplant surgeon or radiologist. Keywords: Renal artery, Supernumerary, Abdominal aorta
Sternalis - Variation of clinical importance
Authors: Mehta Vandana , K Mohan Ram , M Balamurali
Published: March 2024

This case report concerns the presence of an accessory anterior thoracic wall muscle during routine dissection in the Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. A 59 year old male cadaver was being dissected, when a unilateral accessory muscle was found parallel and lateral to the right margin of sternum. Accidental encounter with Sternalis, one of the many names used to denote this muscle, made it apparent that such anatomical variations is not uncommon. A descriptive knowledge of such common anatomical variations is both essential and crucial in realizing that not any human body is alike. Besides theoretical interest & academic curiosity, the implications of these variations is indispensable in diagnostic and surgical disciplines. Keywords: Sternalis, Rectus sternalis, Chest wall, Muscle variation, Human anatomy, Mammography, Rectus sternalis, Anatomical variation, Breast augmentation, Reconstruction, Mammography, Medical education, Sternalis, Chest, Breast, Surgery, Radiography, Mammogram.
Impact of repeated transition in the mode of education from offline to online mode and vis-a-versa (due to Covid-19 pandemic) on mental health of Indian medical undergraduates
Authors: Agrawal Tanishq , Singh Adity Wardhan , Dawani Pooja
Published: March 2024

Introduction: After attending online classes during the coronavirus pandemic a wide range ofchanges were observed among undergraduate medical students in their physical, mental, and social health. It even reflected in their academic performances. All these changes were primarily due to altered lifestyles, prolonged screen time, and poor interaction of students with the teachers and their peers. Materials and methods: The data for this observational study was collected through a self-designed questionnaire, sent through electronic messaging (google forms) to Indian Medical Graduates nationwide. All the responses were then compiled in adequate tables and charts to study the responses. Results: The study comprised of 600 collected responses from Indian medical undergraduates. Atotal of 402(67%) students reported mental illness, 381(63.50%) students experienced weight gain, 434(72.33%) students found the repeated transition in the mode of education challenging, and 449(74.83%) students needed help adapting to a proper study schedule. Increased aggressiveness in behavior was seen in 333(55.50%) and 343(54.17%) faced sleeplessness because of the stress due to prolonged screen time. 455(75.83%) students needed help understanding the practical curriculum during the online classes. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that online classes negatively impacted the mental health of Indian medical undergraduates. It was also observed that the students' physical and social health had also been affected leading to decreased academic performance and interest in their career. A significant rise in psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, mania, etc., was also observed among the students. Keywords: Covid-19, Online classes, Medical undergraduates
Neuroanatomy: An illustrated colour text, 6th Ed.
Authors: Farhat Rizwana
Published: March 2024

"Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text" has been a trusted companion for medical students delving into the complexities of the nervous system. Now in its 6th edition, this revered resource continues to elucidate the intricacies of neuroanatomy. This comprehensive review aims to assess the book's educational value, chapter by chapter, evaluating the quality of both text and images.
Students perception towards online teaching of Human Anatomy: A comprehensive survey
Authors: Poonia Deepika , Jaiswal Monika , Singh Harpreet , Yaseen Sabah , Mishra Sabita
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The world-wide pandemic followed by forced lockdown had greatly impacted medical education. On virtual platforms it was daunting specially for the first-year medical students to conceptualize the concepts in human anatomy. The authors structured a teaching model including online lectures, demonstrations, clinical problem solving and weekly feedback sessions to execute online teaching in anatomy. The present study was a feedback survey performed to assess student’s perception towards online teaching in anatomy. Materials and methods: A validated questionnaire was given to 250 medical students using Google Form. The student’s response was then recorded and graphically plotted. Results: The results of this questionnaire questionnaire-based feedback survey showed that the teaching model including lectures, demonstrations and regular feedback for co nstant improvement in teacher’s performance was a success as majority voted this model to be useful. However online teaching mode cannot replace cadaveric dissection method of learning. Conclusions: The theoretical knowledge in anatomy can be imparted using well planned teaching model and competent teachers. However online dissection and demonstration cannot replace the cadaveric dissection which the benchmark in learning anatomy. Keywords: Online teaching, Covid19, pandemic, lockdown, cadaveric dissection, student’s feedback Online teaching, Covid19, pandemic, lockdown, cadaveric dissection, student’s feedback Online teaching, Covid19, pandemic, lockdown, cadaveric dissection, student’s feedback Online teaching, Covid19, pandemic, lockdown, cadaveric dissection, student’s feedback Online teaching, Covid19, pandemic, lockdown, cadaveric dissection, student’s feedback
Effect of cervical compensatory curves on malocclusion
Authors: Khan Junaid , Raghav Pradeep , Jain Shalu , Reddy Munish , Sharma Nupur
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and correlate effect of cervical spine curves on the development of class II and class III malocclusion via a comprehensive review of the available literature from previous studies. Materials and Methods: A literature overview was carried out by searching PubMed and Google scholar to analyze the association between “malocclusion” versus “head posture” using MESH keywords. Out of 86 articles, 56 articles were selected for the review. Articles related to gross craniofacial deformities were excluded from the study. Results: Craniocervical posture and facial development according to the literature review seems to be triggered by a large craniocervical angle correlates with a tendency towards posterior rotation of the mandible. Patients with a small craniocervical angle have a smaller lower facial height. A craniocervical angle greater than 113° was primarily associated with vertical facial development having class II malocclusion, whereas an angle less than 79° is characteristic of a horizontal, forward-directed facial growth pattern, having a tendency towards class III malocclusion. Conclusions: The correlation between Angle Class II, having long face syndrome were associated with increased lordosis of the cervical spine. Tendency towards a kyphotic position of neck was associated with Angle Class III patients. Hence there is a significant effect of neck posture on malocclusion. Keywords: Cervical compensatory curves, Malocclusion, Craniocervical angle, Head posture
Opinion of first year medical students about their morning lecture pattern
Authors: Gupta Subhash , Shukla Sagun
Published: March 2024

Introduction: With the advent of the new curriculum of medical students (CBME), the role of teachers has now changed from being mere teachers to being considered as facilitators. Teachers are thus required to assist the students in their study. Hence, the student’s point of view of their education pattern has become all the moreimportant. This study was conducted to know the thoughts of first-year medical students about their morning lectures of different subjects. Materials and methods: Fifteen questions pertaining to morning teaching pattern of 1st year MBBS students were formed via Google Sheets. A response link was created and sent to medical students of three batches (1st, 2nd, and 3rd year), when the first yearstudents had completed three months of their course. Results: Approximately half of the students (51.5) favored morning lectures (8am-9am) and majority (76.8%) wanted the first lecture to be Anatomy. Half (50.7%) preferred PPT method while around 40% wanted it to be in chalk and board fashion. Most of the students (90%) wanted a mixed language pattern. More than half (56.6%) agreed for 45 minutes of each lecture duration. Most of the students (86.9%) wanted some gap between two consecutive lectures. Majority of the students (81.6%) did not think the backbenchers to be mischievous and 70% did not advocate for separate rows for girls and boys. Conclusions: Students had a view that Anatomy should be taught as first lecture in the morning and pattern should be mixed with modern audio-visual technologies. Keywords: Opinion, Medical students, Morning teaching, Lectures
To estimate age and gender related morphometric changes in lateral ventricle of brain by Evans index in north Indian population
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Singh Pradeep , Gupta Anshu , Gupta Anjali , Singh Hari , Bhardwaj Kamal
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Several histopathological and gross changes are seen in human brain as age increases, causing enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Morphometric measurement and ventricular size of lateral ventricle is of trivial importance to identify certain changes and correlate it with clinical significance. This study is designed to provide a normal data of Evans Index of lateral ventricle of brain and its association between both the genders and its correlation with different age group of North Indian Population. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy & Department of Radiodiagnosis, S.N Medical College, Agra, U.P. In this prospective study, Computed Tomography Scans of 200 patients between the age 18 – 75 years (120 Males and 80 Females) were done and measurements of lateral ventricle of Brain and were analyzed statistically. Results: The overall mean value of Evans Index is 0.23 ± 0.02. Evans Index in males is 0.23 ± 0.02 and mean Evans Index in females is 0.22 ± 0.01, the difference being statistically significant between both the genders as p = 0.0001* (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Evans Index is a widely and most commonly used linear measurement for the determination of ventricular dilation which is helpful in diagnosis of neurological conditions (e.g.schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Non Pressure Hydrocephalus). If the Evans Index ranges from 0.25 to 0.30 represented early ventricular enlargement and if the Evans Index value is more than 0.30, it suggests Hydrocephalus. Keywords: Lateral Ventricle, Brain, Morphometry, Ventricular system, CT, Evans Index
Association of six minute walk test with spirometry parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Chaudhary Anshu , Khare Satyam , Jain Shilpi , Tripathi Alok , Mishra Pratisha
Published: March 2024

Introduction: A significant health issue on a global scale is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The gold standard for determining a COPD diagnosis and severity is spirometry. The patient's functional ability is evaluated using the 6MWT, a basic, reliable test. It aids in prognostic prediction and management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the results of the 6MWT correlated with the patient's clinical and spirometric characteristics. The study also examined whether the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) may serve as a substitute for spirometry in determining the severity of COPD in settings with scarce resources. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 consecutive patients with proven COPD (according to GOLD recommendations) were included in the study. Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry tests were used to gauge severity. According to ATS recommendations, 6MWT was then performed and noted. The 6MWT results were associated with the patients' spirometric and clinical data. Results: It was found that, there was a statistically positive and highly significant (p<0.01) correlation between 6minute walk test values and % predicted FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio of spirometry in COPD study participants. Conclusions: This study found a significant positive association between patients’ spirometry parameters (%FEV1, FVC, FEV/FVC) and 6MWD. Thus, 6MWT can be used to determine the severity of COPD. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 6-minute walk test, Spirometry
Accessory Subscapularis muscle compressing posterior division of upper trunk: A rare presentation
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Ramesh Babu C S
Published: March 2024

Presence of additional or accessory muscles near the axilla can lead to compression of vital structures of the axilla. Opposite conventional thoughts, it seems that the subscapularis muscle (SM) is the most variable muscle of the rotator cuff group. Accessory Subscapularis muscle is one of the rare variants of the Subscapularis muscle. Presence of this variant (ASsm) can cause abnormal clinical presentation. During routine dissection of the axilla in a female cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, Muzaffarnagar Medical College, we found an additional slip or accessory subscapularis muscle, arising from the anterolateral part of the Subscapularis and running upward and medially, finally attached to the coracoid process (palpated tip). During its course, it passed through the Brachial plexus and caused compression of the posterior division of the Upper trunk. This type of accessory slip or accessory subscapular muscle can cause compression neuropathy, or this accessory slip can be used during the repair of a ruptured Subscapularis or any other adjacent muscle. Keywords: Accessory Subscapularis Muscle, Rotator Cuff Variants, Brachial Plexus Compression
Sculpting life: Studying the intricacies of human fetal spleen morphology during development
Authors: Shah A , Singh A K , Niranjan Richa
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The spleen, a crucial lymphoid organ, plays a significant role in blood cell production and regulation. Emerging from mesodermal cells in the dorsal mesogastrium during the fourth embryonic week, the spleen is located in the left upper quadrant alongside the tenth rib. This study investigates morphological variations in human fetal spleens, serving as blood filters and storage sites for iron, erythrocytes, and platelets. This study aimed to assess morphological measurements of human fetal spleen development. Materials and Methods: Sixty formalin-preserved fetuses (33 male, 27 female) of varying gestational ages were examined over a three-year period (2020-2023) at the Anatomy Department, Govt. Medical College Srinagar Garhwal, ensuring adherence to ethical guidelines. Gross characteristics such as position, shape, relations, notches & fissures, and ligaments were assessed and statistically analyzed. Results: All fetal spleens were located in the left hypochondrium, with 50% exhibiting a wedge shape. The stomach consistently associated with the spleen, while no relationship was observed between the kidney, left colic flexure, and spleen in early fetal stages. The liver exhibited connections with the fetal spleen. Notches were most prevalent along the superior border, followed by the inferior border and lateral pole, with 27 spleens showing fissures. Conclusions: Studying prenatal spleen development aids in understanding organ pathologies, thereby enhancing diagnostic and preventive techniques. Keywords: Fetal Spleen, Wedge Shape, Notches, Fissures
Challenges in reproducing the standard lithium Pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in wistar rats: troubleshooting strategies
Authors: Rao Asha , Gupta Tulika , Kakkar Ashish Kumar , Chandel Shammy , Jain Ashish , Saha Lekha , Bharti Ranjana , Kaur Ujjwaljit , Singla Navneet
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) provide an essential platform to study the disease pathophysiology, and disease modifying management protocols. Lithium –pilocarpine model is one of the most favored model. Many practical difficulties have been encountered while creating this model in this study as well as by other authors. We have systematically attempted to compile all issues and their possible solutions in establishment of Li-Pi model of status epilepticus in wistar rats, to provide a dependable protocol with improved seizure induction rates and lower mortality rates. Materials and Methods: Young small size male wistar rats (100-150gm) were injected with lithium chloride (LiCl) (127 mg/kg, i.p.), followed by methyl scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.) after 18-22 hrs. Precisely after 30 minutes, dose of pilocarpine (i.p.) was administered. Post seizures, diazepam (10 mg/kg) was injected to reduce seizures severity and to increase survival rate and rats were fed glucose (10% of body weight) through oral gavage. Model creation was validated by histological examination of hippocampus. The rats which did not develop seizures, were reutilized for the model generation after drug wash-out period of 48 hours. Results: Initial model creation was unsuccessfully attempted in 75 rats. Standard described protocol of three incremental doses of pilocarpine (10mg/kg, maximum of 30mg/kg) did not elicit epilepsy. Loading dose of 30mg/kg pilocarpine caused stage 1 epilepsy in 60% rats; second dose of pilocarpine (30mg/kg), caused stage 2 epilepsy in 70% rats. Successful TLE model creation was seen in 33 out of 57 rats, using proposed modification in which 2 incremental doses of pilocarpine (30mg/kg each) were followed by 3 doses of 10mg/kg each; 6 rats died. Conclusions: The study provides a detailed procedure for lithium pilocarpine model creation and various pitfalls encountered. Modified pilocarpine dosage led to improved seizure induction rates (58%) and lower mortality rates (10%). Keywords: Epilepsy animal model; Status epilepticus; lithium-pilocarpine; Animal mortality
Correlation of consanguinity with prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in patients of ambiguous genitalia: A cytogenetic study
Authors: Pandey Anushree , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Mishra Dewanshi , Rani Archana , Kumar Navneet
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The condition when the sex of the baby can’t be determined and there is variation of genitalia from normal is known as ambiguous genitalia. Consanguinity can be defined as blood relationship that exists among individuals that descend from a common ancestor. If two individuals who are in close blood relation get married there is high chance that any single copy of gene which is present in common ancestor gets doubled in the subsequent generation. A recessive gene may thus come to light for the first time in subsequent generation. The aim of the present study was to see the correlation of consanguinity with prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in patients of ambiguous genitalia. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in the cytogenetic laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University UP, Lucknow. The patients were screened in the Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery and blood samples were taken. Cytogenetic analysis was done. Results: Consanguinity was traced in 4 (18.2%) cases, of whom 3 (75%) had chromosomal anomalies. Out of remaining 18 (81.2%) cases, chromosomal anomalies were seen in 4 (22.2%) cases. Conclusions: The proportion of cases with anomalies was higher in those positive for consanguinity as compared to those without consanguinity. Keywords : Consanguinity, Ambiguous genitalia, Chromosomal anomalies
The Dynamics of Tax Assortment in Municipality, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Idris Ali , Setegn Temesgen
Published: March 2024

The government has conducted research to determine the variables influencing how well taxes are collected and administered. The value of tax collection depends on several variables, including the state of the economy, the public's support for the government's priorities, and the willingness of taxpayers. Effective taxation necessitates an effective tax system for collection. The right collecting mechanism is necessary for the provision of necessities like roads, schools, health facilities, and the like. The purpose of the article was to investigate the variables influencing Wolkite Town's category C taxpayers' tax-collecting efficiency. The goal of the study was to investigate the dynamics influencing the tax collection system's efficacy variables including tax compliance, tax awareness, individual income, tax avoidance, and evasion. Multiple regression models and a primary source of data were employed in the investigation. The data was analysed and presented using SPSS tools and descriptive statistics. According to the research paper's findings, tax awareness exhibits a negative and insignificant impact on the regression results, tax compliance is positive and significant, individual income has a significant and positive sign, and tax evasion and avoidance have a positive and insignificant impact on the effectiveness of tax collection. On the other hand, individual income and income tax compliance have a big influence.
“You take my place; let’s switch!” What It Means to Be a Woman Powerlifter in Parasport
Authors: Seechung Aaron Carl S. , Guinto Maria Luisa M.
Published: March 2024

Gendered disability in elite sport has emerged as a pertinent area of inquiry in sport psychology. However, qualitative research aimed at amplifying the voices of marginalized subgroups is notably sparse. Employing a phenomenological approach, we examined the lived experience of a Filipina para powerlifter, probing the intersection of gender, disability, and socioeconomic status in shaping how the participant made sense of life and identity, both within and outside the realm of sport. Three personal experiential themes were generated from the interview data's interpretative phenomenological analysis: “survival of the fittest,” “the voices in my head did not allow me to give up,” and “I am deeply human with a heart.” Narrating the trials she surpassed from childhood to adulthood as an athlete/person with disability (A/PWD), she realized the environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions that handicap her more than her physical impairment alone. Despite bouts with self-pity and disempowerment, the participant drew strength from internal resilience and external support systems, ultimately achieving recognition as her country's first bemedaled Paralympian. This journey fostered profound compassion for her fellow athletes/persons with disabilities. Notwithstanding the limitations of a single-participant study, this research asserts its significant contribution to the scholarly discourse on cultural sport psychology, particularly concerning women of low socioeconomic status in sport for A/PWD. Upholding that the viewpoints and agency of marginalized individuals are heard and respected confirms their position as active participants in knowledge generation within the discipline.
Breaking Silence: Women and Men’s Experiences of Preventing IPV
Authors: Alzoubi Fatmeh Ahmad , Jordan Reem Ali
Published: March 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious problem in all cultures. This study aimed to identify Jordanian men’s and women’s strategies of preventing IPV using focus groups and open-ended questionnaires. Participants identified many strategies to prevent IPV, which fell within three themes: (1) shields of prevention; (2) understanding the triggers of IPV; and (3) resources of prevention. Participants described their opinions on preventing IPV and discussed the role of extended family, financial dependence, triggers of IPV, and coping strategies used by women. Preventing IPV requires substantial changes in the personal characteristics of men and women, communication skills, and law enforcement.
Characteristic of Clinical Likelihood Chronic Coronary Syndrome patients with Significant Coronary Lesion in RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Authors: Qonitah Sarah , P. Pratama Ahmad , Puspita Indah
Published: March 2024

Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the epicardial arteries, whether obstructive or non-obstructive. Significant Coronary artery disease (CAD) is defined by invasive coronary angiography as >50% stenosis of the left main stem, >70% stenosis in a major coronary vessel, or 30% to 70% stenosis with fractional flow reserve ?0.8. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of clinical likelihood CCS patients with site of significant coronary lesion based on pre-test probability (PTP) from demographic characteristics; risk factors; laboratory and echocardiography findings. This is a retrospective cohort study. We reviewed 60 medical records of clinical likelihood chronic coronary syndrome patients with positive inducible ischemia area from dobutamine stress echocardiography and significant CAD lesion from coronary angiography. The incidence of significant CAD in this population was 56.1%. There was a significant relationship between age > 65 years with the incidence of significant LAD lesion (23.3%, p = 0.019); significant LCx lesion (20%, p = 0.043). There was a significant relationship between PTP score ? 16% with significant LAD lesion (55.0%, p = 0.001); significant LCx lesion (45.0%, p = 0.031); and significant RCA lesion (40.0%, p = 0.050). Patients with age > 65 years have a higher incidence of significant LAD and LCx lesions. Patients with pre-test probability score ? 16% have a higher incidence of significant lesions across coronary branches, predominantly in the LAD.
Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas da resina de impressão 3D para uso em contenções ortodônticas removíveis
Authors: Pegoraro Camila de Pretes , Morais Liliane Siqueira de , Senna Plinio Mendes
Published: March 2024

Ao término de um tratamento ortodôntico, torna-se imprescindível que o paciente utilize uma contenção ortodôntica, a fim de assegurar a estabilidade dos elementos dentários que foram submetidos a movimentações durante o tratamento. Uma alternativa são as contenções de resina fabricadas por meio de tecnologia de impressão 3D, representando uma alternativa válida de contenção removível. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi investigar as resinas impressas para fins ortodônticos e comparar com materiais tradicionalmente utilizados para confecção de contenções removíveis. Corpos de prova foram fabricados utilizando resina de impressão 3D (3D) e placa de cristal a vácuo (PC). As propriedades físicas e mecânicas de erro percentual e resistência à flexão antes e após o envelhecimento térmico dos materiais foram avaliadas. Os dados foram analisados usando análise de variância de duas vias e teste t de Student. A precisão de impressão do grupo 3D não apresentou diferença estatística no comprimento, largura e altura. A resistência à flexão antes e após o envelhecimento térmico do grupo 3D foi maior do que a do grupo PC (P < 0.05). A resina fabricada por meio de impressão 3D demonstrou notáveis propriedades físicas e mecânicas, o que a torna uma escolha apropriada para a produção de contenções ortodônticas impressas para uso de longa duração após tratamento ortodôntico.
Expansão rápida da maxila assistida cirurgicamente
Authors: Pederssetti Caroline , Nogueira Weber Adriano
Published: March 2024

Muitas vezes o tratamento ortodôntico em adultos apresenta a dificuldade devido à atresia maxilar, por isso a expansão rápida da maxila pode ser uma opção de tratamento nesses casos. Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a expansão rápida de maxila assistida cirurgicamente. A expansão rápida da maxila faz-se eficiente e necessária em casos de mordidas cruzadas e maxilas atrésicas em adultos, que já possuem a calcificação da sutura mediana palatina. A abertura da sutura palatina mediana ocorre com maior facilidade na fase de crescimento dos indivíduos, dificultando gradativamente com o aumento da idade. A expansão rápida da maxila é uma alternativa de sucesso, melhorando atresias maxilares, a conformação do arco dentário e consequente função e estética dos pacientes. A disjunção da maxila assistida cirurgicamente se faz eficaz em casos de completa fusão da sutura palatina mediana, em pacientes adultos.
Implicações do tratamento ortodôntico na saúde periodontal: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Magalhães Joel Henrique , Melo Eduardo Henriques de , Miranda Amanda Galindo Florêncio
Published: March 2024

Objetivo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura para discutir os efeitos do tratamento ortodôntico na saúde periodontal dos pacientes. Revisão de literatura do tipo sistematizada. A busca dos artigos foi realizada de forma digital, nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Google Acadêmico. Foram incluídos artigos nos idiomas português ou inglês que foram publicados nos últimos 17 anos que estavam disponíveis em texto integral. 12 artigos satisfizeram os critérios de sistematização e foram incluídos nesta revisão. Destes, apenas 2 foram de revisão sistemática, os demais foram estudos clínicos de intervenção, estudos transversais e retrospectivos. Os principais achados reportados pela literatura foram que os diversos tratamentos ortodônticos resultam em efeitos periodontais indesejados, porém, se o tratamento for bem planejado, e tiver um acompanhamento multidisciplinar, ortodontista e periodontista, os efeitos são previsíveis e facilmente tratados. Orientações sobre higiene e alimentação, também se fazem necessárias. Quando o tratamento ortodôntico é bem planejado e o paciente tem um acompanhamento adequado de sua saúde periodontal, a ortodontia não representa riscos ao periodonto, ao contrário, contribui para a melhora de sua saúde.
Implicações endodônticas na ortodontia
Authors: Delmondes Thayná Ferreira dos Santos Silva , Freitas Rafaella Rocha , Melo Eduardo Henriques de
Published: March 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo nos mostrar que dentes tratados endodonticamente podem ser movimentados, e não representam contraindicações para o tratamento ortodôntico O delineamento escolhido foi de uma revisão de literatura do tipo narrativa. A busca dos artigos foi realizada de forma digital, nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os seguintes descritores: lesão periapical, endodontia, tecidos pulpares, tecidos periapicais. Foram incluídas publicações relacionadas aos objetivos elencados nesta pesquisa, artigos nos idiomas português ou inglês, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, disponíveis em texto integral. Foram excluídos artigos em duplicidade. De acordo com a análise da literatura revisada, o reparo periodontal apical se inicia a partir do momento em que a causa da lesão pulpar e/ou periapical é eliminada. Isso ocorre de maneira imediata se o material obturador for pouco ou nada agressivo aos tecidos periapicais. Foi visto que materiais a base de hidróxido de cálcio sem componentes resinosos são fagocitáveis. Os materiais à base de resina, silicone, ionômero, óxido de zinco e eugenol, biocerâmicos e guta-percha permanecerão no local, induzindo granulomas periapicais do tipo corpo estranho, o que não inviabiliza a movimentação dentária, mas devem ser acompanhados a cada três meses.