bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study on the Level of Perceived Stress and Self-reported Morbidity among Call Handlers Working in Call Centers in Gurgaon, Haryana
Authors: S Hossain , Q Hossain , S Singh , N Samdarshi
Published: September 2018

Objective: To study prevalence of self reported mental health problems among call center employees and to determine the risk factors associated with them. Setting and Design: Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Study period: 3months (September – November 2014). Sampling technique: Purposive sampling method. Material and methods: 200 Call centre employee working in a call centre of Gurgaon. Statistical measures: Percentage, proportions, Chi-square test Results: Among all 200 call centre employees, 140(70%) were suffering from mental health problems. Anxiety 178(89%) was most common mental health problem. There was significant difference in prevalence of mental illness in relation to age, gender, education, religion, sleep pattern and family history of illness of call centre employee. Conclusion: About two third of all the call centre employees are suffering from mental health problems. Long term measures are required to maintain sound mental health of call centre employee.
Response of Plant growth regulators on leaf photosynthetic pigments of pot marigold
Authors: Moosavi Sardoo Seyedeh Fatemeh
Published: September 2018

Effect of gibberellic acidon marigold (Calendula Officinalis L.) was evaluated in a pot culture experiment. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design including 12 treatments and four replications was carried out. Main factor was foliar application stages (first, second and third) and sub factor included different concentrations of GA3(0, 50, 150 and 250 mg L-1). Results showed that foliar application of GA3had positive effect on photosynthetic pigments. Effect of different concentrations of GA3on chlorophyll a was significant (p<0.01). Chlorophyll a content was enhanced by increase in GA3concentration up to 250 mg L-1 treatment of 250mg L-1 resulted in production of 7.78­µg/L-1chlorophyll a, the index which was to some extent dropped in other concentrations. Different concentrations of GA3 had significant effect on chlorophyll b (p<0.01). Chlorophyll b was increased by increase in GA3concentration up to 250mgL-1. the highest rate of total chlorophyll content and total pigment in three times of application and one application of 250 mg L-1 was 14.6 and 15.4 µg/L-1 respectively; whereas the lowest chlorophyll and pigment content was observed in one foliar application of control treatment with mean value as 4.67 and 5.5 µg/L-1.
Overview of the Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Yadav Virendra , Singh Manish , Shukla Manoj , Singh Ashish , Shukla Virendra
Published: September 2018

Neuropathic pain refers lesions or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system either in the periphery or centrally. Examples of neuropathic pain include painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and post-stroke pain. Clinically, neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous ongoing or shooting pain and evoked amplified pain responses after noxious or non-noxious stimuli. neuropathic pain is treated as a ‘blanket condition’ in this guideline regardless of its aetiologies, unless there is valid and robust clinical and health economics evidence that shows the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of a particular treatment for a specific neuropathic pain condition. Management of neuropathic pain requires an interdisciplinary approach, centered around pharmacological treatment. A better understanding of neuropathic pain and in particular of the translation of pathophysiological mechanisms into sensory signs will lead to a more effective and specific mechanism-based treatment approach.
Selfie Syndrome: A Disease of New Era
Authors: G Sai Krishna , T Komal Krishna
Published: September 2018

Over a period of time, technological advancement has given us new addiction disorders. Last two decades were known for computer addiction disorder and internet addiction disorders. Smartphone has included in our daily life that without which we cannot survive. Many of today generation Smartphone‟s are equipped with high resolution camera, which we call it as “selfie” camera. Though people were fond of taking photographs of their own and others since many decades, with selfie camera it has led to an extreme level. It is coupled with posting the selfie photographs on social networking sites. Further they are waiting for comments and opinions of friends and others. This has led to a chain of reactions leading to a complex addiction disorder which we may easily be called as “Selfie addiction disorder/Selfie syndrome”.
Self-medication in Underserved Population in India: A Review
Authors: Parihar Akshay , Tran Thuy Tien , Gadwal Thanveer , Balkrishnan Rajesh , Patel Isha
Published: September 2018

Self-medication is a common practice in treating symptoms due to acute and chronic illnesses. It is a significant health dilemma in India. Exposure to advertising, low level of literacy, short duration of ailments, leftover medications, geographical barriers, embarrassment, affordability and health insurance are reasons for individuals opting for self-medication. Underserved populations in India are more likely to experience or accept self-medication due to these reasons. The major problem with self-medication is misdiagnosis, which can further perpetuate more complications. Furthermore, treating adverse events from self-medication can financially burden individuals and the healthcare systems alike. Healthcare professionals such as pharmacists can play an important role in minimizing the risks associated with self-medication through appropriate counseling and dissemination of accurate information to their patients. Recommendations for minimizing risks of self-medication include, increasing healthcare education for the public; especially the underserved populations, creating and reinforcing stricter government regulations on advertisements by drug companies, improving knowledge and comprehension of the side effects for drugs, increasing better communication between patients and healthcare providers, and improving access and quality healthcare for underserved populations. This review focuses on the reasons why individuals practice self-medication, the risks involved, and discusses possible recommendations for alleviating those risks related to self-medication.
A review on extraction and phytochemical screening methods
Authors: Agarwal Anuj , Kumar Ashish , Singh Bhuvnesh Kumar , Trivedi Neelanchal , Jha K. K.
Published: September 2018

Plants are the source of different drugs belonging to various therapeutic categories like antidiabetics, antispasmodics, antihypertensive, anticancer, antidepressants, antimicrobials, etc. Plants are used to treat various ailments and these plants have been used by different individuals and tribals worldwide. Use of plants to treat various ailments have also been mentioned in Ayurveda. Along these lines, various researchers are involved in isolating and assessing different bioactive molecules, to be isolated from various plant sources. Isolation of bioactive molecules is not an easy task for researchers. This review gives a focus on extraction and phytochemical screening methods along with their merits and demerits.
Book review: Deadly medicines and organized crime
Authors: PR Shankar , MAM Alshakka
Published: September 2018

Clinical trials have attracted negative attention recently. The degree of control of the pharmaceutical industry over the design, conduct and analysis of clinical trials has been criticized. Healthcare professionals increasingly rely on data obtained from clinical trials and from meta-analysis and systematic reviews. The process of publishing clinical trials and framing clinical practice guidelines is being increasingly influenced by the pharmaceutical industry.
Role of Community Pharmacist in the prevention and management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A pilot study
Authors: Ayub Maria , Khurram Sumayya , Maqbool Uroosa , Malick Aniqa , Muneer Faiza , Fatima Syeda Fizza , Bibi Saira
Published: September 2018

Community pharmacists have substantial knowledge and ability to beat crucial threat associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the clinical settings. This elemental study was organize to govern the influence of pharmaceutical care provided by community pharmacists on the therapeutic management of various cardiovascular problems. This study involved 50 community pharmacists near hospital areas where OPD’s are conducted on regular basis by consultants. A questionnaire was designed to collect the feedback from patients to measure the outcomes of community pharmacists’ role. Our study showed that community pharmacists have enough knowledge to identify risk factors, manage and advice about their medications and need of life style changes to manage their conditions. The outcomes of study shows that more than the half of the patients were gratified with the services of community pharmacists for treating or compensating crucial stages of cardiovascular diseases
Primary Amenorrhoea with Pituitary Dwarfism: A rare case report
Authors: S Siva , Gopineni Divya , P Shafi , Sekhar Chandra
Published: September 2018

Females with pituitary dwarfism and a multiple deficiency of pituitary hormones show ovarian dysfunction due to hypogonadotropism. Primary amenorrhea can be diagnosed if a patient has normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 16 years of age. A 16 year-old female patient admitted in general medicine department with chief complaints of shortness of breath on exertion since 15 days, swelling of both legs since 10 days, loss of weight since 5 months, loss of appetite since 3 months, history of pain during swallowing. Pelvis scan examination reveals that uterus measures 3.2×0.5×0.5cm; uterus is hypo plastic, ovaries not visualized. Patient parents reveled that from patient birth to 11years of age her growth and other developments were normal, after that her growth is stopped and no changes were observed in development since 5 years. Patient has hypothyroidism so pituitary gland make an important role to maintain hormone levels, pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Primary Amenorrhea, short stature and poorly developed secondary sexual characters which could have been contributed and should be subjected for karyotyping. This type of Pituitary Dwarfism is very difficult to manage.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception of Voluntary and Replacement Blood Donors regarding Organ Donation
Authors: H Sudhir Prabhu , D Cunha Delma
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and perception about organ donation among blood donors in Dakshin Kannada district of Karnataka State, India. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at blood donation camps and at blood banks where a total of 330 blood donors (both voluntary and replacement donors) were interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed. The statistical tests used were descriptive statistics like frequency and percentages. Results: 54.24% of donors were young adults, belonged to the age group of 26-40 years. Donors were predominantly male (79.09%). All the study subjects were of the opinion that pledging of organs is a noble act, with a majority (88.48%) expressing a desire to pledge their body organs after death. Conclusion: Interactive awareness sessions on organ donation should be organized at blood donation camps and at social events to provide proper information regarding body donation after death and the legal procedures involved so that it can aid in modern medical care.
Incretins mimetic effects of Herbal drugs for management of Diabetes Mellitus: A research based approach
Authors: Nazrul Islam Mohammad , Hossain AKM Nur , Taher Md. Abu , Bin Nyeem Mohammad Abu
Published: September 2018

Insulin is a lifesaving hormone which is secreted from beta cell of Pancreas. It helps to reduce high blood sugar in the blood by trapping the glucose molecule and enter into cell. Now a day, insulin resistance diabetes mellitus (IRDM) becomes a serious public health problem in the world and also a great headache to the scientific communities. That’s why, world scientist are enormously seeking the alternative of insulin or insulin like effective drugs. It has been proved that nature is having all remedies to combat disease related morbidity and mortality. We have to search, we have to know, we have to identify and we have to apply appropriate technology to evaluate new molecules, new metabolites or active compounds for reducing the devastating effects of diabetes as well as insulin resistance diabetes mellitus. Evidence based studies showed that berbery, bitter melon, cinnamon tree, gardenia, korean pine, little dragon, mango, pygeum, fenugreek and lychee composed of incretins mimetic compounds. But isolation of active metabolomics and the multicentre base clinical trials are needed to propagate the herbal medicine in the world. It is an attempt to amalgamate, to congregate, to concise some incretins mimetic medicinal plants which will help to get new generic compound and also give new clue for further research on DM.
Study on Causes of Female Infertility at National Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka: A Survey Based Study
Authors: MUZN Farzana , Sultana Arshiya
Published: September 2018

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. It is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic problems. In about one third of couples are infertile. Approximately 167 million married women aged 15-49 years in developing countries were infertility. The present study aimed to determine the most common causes of female infertility in patients who visiting the National Ayuvedic Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study 635 infertile (primary and secondary) women were selected to determine the causes of infertility. The subjects were selected from the gynecology clinic, between the periods of February 2015 to March 2016. The data were gathered using a questionnaire; and after that proper statistical method was applied to analyze the data. Results: From the results age between 28-37 years (37.16%) are more prevalent to infertility and the causes of infertility are mainly due to anovulatory cycle (31.18%) and menstrual irregularities (19.21%). BMI also one of the significant cause for infertility. Conclusion: Therefore, identifying the risk factors and proper treatment on time along with policy makers providing facilities to resolve the infertility could possible diverse this alarming increasing trend of infertility.
A Case Series on Tramadol Induced-Seizures
Authors: Poulose Neethu , Sreedhar Sreelakshmi , B Aswini
Published: September 2018

Tramadol is a synthetic analogue of codeine which has been in the market since 1995. It is a racemic mixture in which the each of the enantiomer is responsible for each of its dual analgesic mechanism. The seizure inducing effect of tramadol is widely studied and reported. The tramadol can provoke seizure in patients with epilepsy and those with no history of epilepsy even with the recommended doses. The other precipitating factors are excessive doses or co-administration with other seizure inducing drugs.
Case Report on Sturge-Weber syndrome
Authors: Kurra Vyshnavi , Prabha Ramya Bala , Kr Das Sushanta , Abbulu K.
Published: September 2018

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) belongs to a group of disorders collectively known as the phakomatoses. It consists of congenital hamartomatous malformations that may affect the eye, skin, and central nervous system (CNS) at different times, characterized by the combination of venous angiomas of leptomeninges, face, jaws and oral soft tissues. SWS is referred to as complete when both central nervous system and facial angiomas are present, and incomplete when only one area is affected. Epilepsy is the most common and often the first neurological complication of SWS. Here we present a case of seizure with hypocalcaemia to the risk of Sturge weber syndrome. Brain – MRI with contrast, however, be advised that due to the progressive nature of SWS, brain involvement may not be evident on early scans. So initially child was treated for seizures with anti-epileptic drugs. The health professionals have to be suitably able to recognize its characteristic signs and symptoms, and so improve the quality of life of the patients.
Hypertension and its Management through Alternative Regimes of Unani Medicine
Authors: Hasan Izharul , Chishti Danish Kamal
Published: September 2018

Blood pressure or hypertension has become one of the leading medical issues among people all over the world. High blood pressure, if not controlled can lead to a many other related problems. Among them are kidney disease, heart failure, eye problems, strokes, and heart attacks. Alternative traditional regimes have proved to be highly successful in lowering high blood pressure and also promoting good health and wellness among patients. Hypertension or high blood pressure is typically caused when the blood thickens and becomes heavier over time. However in few people also have a larger volume of blood circulating in their bodies that causes blood pressure levels to rise. Cupping therapy and steam bath are non-invasive form of treatment, and works to eliminate the root causes of high blood pressure and draw out the thick and stagnant blood so that pure, light blood can circulate more freely.
Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Murraya Koenigii L. Leaves
Authors: Rathore Jitendra Singh , Gilhotra Umesh
Published: September 2018

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves in experimental animals. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated for anti-histaminic activity using isolated Guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, histamine induced Bronchoconstriction in Guinea pig and milk induced leucocytosis in mice. Ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves oral dose 400mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited dose dependent contraction of Guinea pig tracheal chain produced by histamine and also showed significant protection by prolonging PreConvulsion Dyspnoea time (PCT) in guinea pigs. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated by milk induced leucocytosis in mice showed significant decreased of total leukocyte count. Thus, Murraya Koenigii Leaves showed anti-allergic activity against histamine hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.
In-patient and Out-patient Pharmacist Intervention in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Conditions in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Rayes Ibrahim Khalid , Saleh Abrika Omar Saad
Published: September 2018

There is a growing body of literature showing the importance of pharmacists’ involvement in the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) conditions. This study tried to explore the extent to which pharmacists in Dubai, United Arab Emirates intervene in the management and control of diabetic patients within different healthcare settings by using a qualitative approach method. Based on the sample pooled, our key findings pointed to the lack of pharmacists’ intervention in designing or altering DM drug therapy. In addition, hospital pharmacists in Dubai are not actively involved in the management and control of DM conditions. The only positive role of pharmacists were found in the primary healthcare setting where community pharmacists are consulted regularly on sudden or urgent complications related to DM conditions.
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: A Dreadful Disease
Authors: Virmani Tarun , Reshu Virmani , Rohit Tanwar , Vaishnavi Chhabra
Published: September 2018

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis or tree man illness disease is extremely dreadful, rare and genetic hereditary skin disorder. Disease usually begins in infancy or early childhood, with the development of various types of flat, wart like lesions and confluent plaques on the skin. Various types of treatment were reported by various researchers for the treatment of Tree man illness disease, but very few were on the contra indicatory part. However, if the epidermodysplasia verruciformis has already progressed into a carcinoma that is invasive in nature, then a surgical excision may be necessary to prevent further problems.
Nutritional Status and Utilization of Anganwadi Services: An Epidemiological Comparative Study Medak District, Telangana, India
Authors: kalapala Gangadhar Rao , BR Shamanna , Zechariah B Ravi
Published: September 2018

Background: Malnutrition is the widely prevalent problem in India as well as other developing countries; India has one of the astonishing magnitudes according to the national family health survey. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme is a globally recognized community based early child care programme, which addresses the basic interrelated needs of young children, expectant and nursing mothers and adolescent girls across the life cycle, in a holistic manner. ICDS in India is a response the challenge of breaking a vicious cycle of mal-nutrition, impaired development, morbidity and mortality in young children, working in convergence with other flagship programmes. Material and methods: It is an observational cross sectional study design sampling was obtained through the simple random sampling .The sample size consists of 100 anganwadi children Results: The present study the findings have shown that Mean age of the children= 43.27 months Males 50% and Females 50% ,Average age of weaning=9.89=10 months, per cent of children attending anganwadi centre =97.6% ,Children attending anganwadi centres regularly=53% Children attending anganwadi centre irregular=29% Children attending anganwadi less than two days in a week=18%. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition in males and females are comparatively higher as 48.8% and 49.4, despite many programs and efforts put down by the government the malnutrition rates are still prevail high in the country .the programs were beneficial to only certain class of people.
A study on the Relationship of the weight pattern with the socioeconomic status among adolescents school going children in an Indian Metropolitan City
Authors: Hossain Samar , Priyanka Sharma , Hossain Talib , Mathur Surendra Mohan
Published: September 2018

Objective: The last two decades have witnessed an increase in health care costs due to obesity and related issues among children and adolescents. Childhood obesity is a global phenomenon affecting all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The study was done to find the the prevalence of obesity and overweight and their association with socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk factors. Materials and Methods: School based cross sectional study carried out over a period of 4 months in three schools of East Delhi. The study was carried out in 629 school children of 10–18 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomic statuses in schools in East Delhi. The obesity and overweight were considered using an updated body mass index reference. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to determine the Socio-economic status and life style factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight among children was higher in middle socioeconomic status groups as compared to high socioeconomic class in both boys and girls whereas the prevalence of obesity was higher in high Socio economic status group as compared to middle socioeconomic group. The prevalence of obesity as well as overweight in low SES group was the lowest as compared to other group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of overweight and obesity varies remarkably with different socioeconomic development levels.
Heat Shock Proteins (Hsp): Classifications and Its Involvement in Health and Disease
Authors: Datta Karuna , Rahalkar Kshitij , Dubey Dinesh Kumar
Published: September 2018

For the reason that no model will ever totally replicate clinical human wound healing, it is necessary that the model operated be selected with care. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are articulated in response to numerous biological stresses, comprising heat, high pressures, and toxic composites. It is also one of the mainly bountiful cellular proteins found under non-stress situation.Hsp70 and Hsp90 refer to families of heat shock proteins on the order of 70,90 kilodaltons in size, respectively. The small 8-kilodalton protein ubiquitin, which marks proteins for degradation, also has features of a heat shock protein. Cells are attentive about getting these folds right for the reason that mis folded proteins can change the normal life of the cell. In some cases change is good, in others deadly. When Heat Shock Proteins90 is conceded the number of morphological alterations upsurges, which lead to creation of inactive or abnormally active polypeptides.
Prescribing trends of antidiabetic drugs in diabetic and hypertensive diabetic patients in an urban tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Mohammad Didar , Ibrahim Md. , Moghal Md. Mizanur Rahman , debnath Dipti , Kabir Asma , Das Munny , Islam Md. Safiqul , Hassan Md. Nazmul , Ahmed Manik Md. Tanvir , Haider Tanna Md. Tanvir , Sultana Azmari , Mitu Umme Salma , Shohan A.S.M Abrasam
Published: September 2018

Objective: The present epidemiological study was conducted with the objectives of providing an insight into the current use of antidiabetic medications to diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in urban areas and determining how the patient factors influence the prescribing of antidiabetic medications. Methodology: Data of patients of past two years were collected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form. Data were statistically analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Result: A total of 958 patient’s data were collected and analyzed of which 632 (65.97 %) were males and 326 (34.03 %) were females. These patients were further categorized based on their age. 330 patients (34.45 %) belonged to the age group 20 – 44 years, 504 (52.61 %) to the age group 45 – 65 years and 124 (12.94 %) to the age group 65 – 80 years. 684 (71.4%) patients out of the 958 patients studied were suffering from coexisting hypertension. Co-existing hypertension was found to be more prevalent in the age group 45 – 65 years (67.69%) and was found more in females (84.04%). Conclusion: Metformin was the oral hypoglycemic which was the highest prescribed. In hypertensive diabetics Metformin and Pioglitazone were most frequently prescribed drugs. Biguanides and Insulin were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. A combination of two or more drugs of different classes was prescribed to hypertensive diabetics. It is necessary to have an improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetes to focus on research efforts appropriately.
A study on the effectiveness of music therapy on depression among elderly people at selected old age home: An epidemiological study on public health perspective in Hyderabad
Authors: Kalapala Gangadhar Rao , Zechariah B Ravi , Babu PK , Thufail . , Sailu . , Srujan .
Published: September 2018

Background: Aging is a worldwide issue in our society, Elderly people living in old age homes may suffer from sadness, pain, and isolation. Many of them may experience seasonal affective disorder (SAD). SAD is a common condition where individuals present with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt, disturbed sleep and/or appetite, low energy and poor concentration. Music has been used more and more frequently and consciously as a mean of care to reduce or stabilize symptoms and/or complications arising therefrom. Method: The study employs the pre-test and post-test for assessing the level of depression among the elderly persons in the old age homes, and with respect to the demographic variables which are used for assessing the levels of depression among both males and females from the study. Results: Findings clearly showed that there was mild level of depression among elderly people before the intervention and the level of depression was decrease after the intervention (music therapy. The study finding show that, the mean post – level of depression scores (1.53) was lower than the mean pre-test score (2.03). Overall 63.3% of samples 38 have mild depression and 20% of the samples 12 have severe depression and remaining are normal in pre-test. Conclusion: The study findings were supported by a pre-experimental study, conducted to investigate the effective of music therapy on depression among elderly people staying in the old age home.
Comparative prevalence of prescription errors in randomly collected samples from hospital pharmacy and community pharmacy, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Kausar Sabeeha , Imran Muhammad
Published: September 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the prevalence of prescription errors, to optimize the medication effectiveness and patient safety and to encourage the rational prescribing practices. Method: sample of 250 prescriptions was randomly collected from outdoor hospital pharmacy (n=157) and from community pharmacy (n=93) and analyzed manually to estimate the prevalence of prescription errors. Results: Results calculated by using SPPS Version 23 and MS Excel 2013 are as follow; 41.4% prescription collected from outdoor hospital pharmacy presented significant prescribing errors while 54.7% in sample collected from community pharmacy. The prescriptions were segregated and errors were estimated using following parameters; dose, dosage form, dosing frequency, drug-drug interactions, spelling, and duplication of generic, therapy duration and unnecessary drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of prescribing errors in sample of community pharmacy was 12.37% greater than found in prescriptions of hospital pharmacy. The prevalence of prescription errors can be reduced by physician education, using automated prescribing systems and immediate review of prescription by pharmacist before dispensing of prescription items to patients.
Clinical Study on Prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Khammam District, Telangana – An Observational Study
Authors: Mohammad Humera Ayesha , Yeluru Kavya , P Suresh Kumar , K Vijay Chowhan
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Khammam district. The objective is to create awareness among healthcare personnel and patients regarding MDR-TB. The study was conducted over a period of six months, i.e., December 2016 – June 2017. Result: A total of 54 MDR-TB cases were studied. According to age groups 32 subjects are in the young and middle age groups which comprise a total of about 59.1 whereas in early age there are 6.8%. Many variables are considered in this study out of which alcohol was rated as highest because 59.2% subjects in the study were alcoholics. A total of 31.8% smokers was found out. Diabetes was also a variation with 27.8% subjects suffering. A total of 18.5% of subjects was suffering from TB with HIV. Conclusion: The study reveals that the subjects suffered from resistance to category-I drugs and hence they are transferred to category-IV drugs. Tuberculosis is a disease that mainly affects the people of age groups 20-40 and is more prevalent in males than that of females. Variables like alcohol consumption rated as highest risk factor, followed by smoking, diabetes and HIV respectively.
Evaluation of Prescription Pattern and Quality of life in Acne in Tertiary Care Hospital in North Indian population
Authors: Negi Nalini , Kumar Sumir , Kosey Sourabh , Sharma Vir Vikram
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prescription pattern and Quality of Life of patients and severity of the disease by using Cardiff Acne Disability Index and Global Acne Grading System score respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in North India with 150 samples of patients included into the study. The prescription pattern comprehends the information about the prescribed drugs and also their dosing pattern for different indications that are currently being used in clinical practice. The prescription pattern varies according to the severity of the disease. Results: The cases in the study diagnosed were mostly of acne vulgaris (96.7%), followed by acne conglobata (1.3%), acne rosaceae (1.3%) and acne fulminans (0.7%). Conclusion: It was noted that oral Isotretinoin was the drug of choice for the treatment of moderate and severe forms and antibiotics included into the therapy were minocycline, clindamycin, azithromycin and erythromycin for mild and severe forms. There was not a strong degree of association between therapy and improvement in Cardiff Acne Disability Index and Global Acne Grading System but by observing overall Cardiff Acne Disability Index improvement it can be estimated that the prescription practice used for therapy enhances Quality of Life of the patient.
The burden of menstrual problems and factors affecting adolescent school going girls in Jaipur
Authors: Hossain Samar , Gulia Monica
Published: September 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the burden of menstrual problems and factors affecting adolescent school girls. Methods: Study population included all the adolescent school going girls of 10-19 years age group, residing in the field practice area of RHTC Achrol. The study began in January, 2015 till the estimated sample size of 400 was achieved. Results: Menorrhagia (6 to 8 days) was seen in 104 (26.0%) adolescent girls. 72 (18.0%) girls had polymenorrhoea (<20 days) & 6 (1.5%) had oligomenorrhoea (>35 days). Conclusion: The study revealed that menstrual disorders like oligomenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea, polymenorrhoea and menorrhagia ranged from 1.5% to 26.0% and around 20% girls had PMS. As per GOI through Rajiv Gandhi scheme for empowerment of adolescent girls -SABLA in an effort to provide adolescent reproductive and sexual health information and services along the continuum of care, community based intervention and demand generation initiatives should be linked to facility based service across all levels of health system.
Establishing Relationship Between Maternal Sociodemographic Characteristics and Lead in Umbilical Cord Blood Serum
Authors: Tarannum Nazia , Agarwal Ranu , Upadhyay Amit , Gupta Priyanka , Soni Rakesh Kumar
Published: September 2018

Aim: To find the correlation between the concentration of lead and maternal socio-demographic characteristics like age, living area (urban or rural), housing style (slum type, cemented, or floored), living place (near industry or far from industry), water supply (piped water or direct water from source) and epidemiological characteristics like mother’s occupation, mother’s gestation age, mother’s active smoking habit. Method: A total of 100 umbilical cord blood serum samples were collected from Lala Lajpat Rai Medical College, Meerut and estimation of lead was done using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study was conducted between April 2014 and March 2015. Result and conclusions: Data suggested that the percentage of lead is more in cord blood serum samples of mother who are working and are non-housewife and residing in urban area due to exposure to traffic, industries and pollution. The correlation of mother’s working place with lead concentration showed that the mothers who were industrial worker had more lead concentration whereas the level of heavy metal was found elevated in mother’s who are drinking piped water. The data suggested that the mothers who smoked have more lead concentration in comparison to non-smoking mother.
GUL-E- SURKH (Rosa damascena Mill.) AND ITS THERAPEUTIC USES DESCRIBED IN UNANI LITERATURE
Authors: Md Nazamuddin , Abdul Wadud , Jahan Najeeb , Alam M Tanwir , Khan Asim Mohammad , Adiba Mehar , Perveen Aisha
Published: September 2018

Gul-e-Surkh (Rose flower) is the Persian name for the Rosa damascena Mill. In Unani system of medicine Rose flower is used for medicinal purposes. Ibn Sina considers Gul-e- Surkh as one of the best drug for liver. Rose flower in various doses form and/or in combination with many other drugs are indicated in various disease. It is commonly being used as general tonic for Lungs, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Rectum, Kidney, Heart, and Uterus. Fresh flowers are purgative and dried one is astringent in properties. In this review article authors try to encompass the therapeutic indication of Rosa damascena Mill described in Unani literature.
The quality of life assessment of chronic schizophrenia and diabetic patients with WHO-QOL in Indian population: a comparative study
Authors: Sreedhar Sreelakshmi , B Aswini , Poulose Neethu , Hari Akhil , Sureshkumar P N
Published: September 2018

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe and disabling psychiatric disorder and diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent non-psychiatric chronic illnesses. Both the diseases have common features of their chronicity, economic burden and dysfunction of occupation. QOL becomes more important health outcome tool in disorders that are chronic or where treatment continues over a long period. Methodology: In this study, descriptive survey was used to collect the data. Demographics details, laboratory results, given drugs, medical and medication history were documented into the data entry form and were asked to fill the BREF WHOQOL questionnaires (Malayalam version). Results: The BREF WHOQOL score was high in the Diabetic group in all the four domains as compared with the Schizophrenia group. Since P value is less than .05 in all cases, the difference is statistically significant. Discussion: The schizophrenia patients may have problems in maintaining relationships, frustration in working place, social isolation and stigma which again make their QoL scores lower especially when compared to a chronic physical illness like diabetes. The low score in schizophrenia indicates that mental illness influence above components of this domain. Conclusion: Mental health care is an integral part of healthcare. psychiatric illnesses is associated with lower QoL.
Probiotics for Oral Health: Boon or Bane
Authors: Bhat Nitish , Bansal Sucheta , Thakur Kalpna , Rawat Ankit , Sharma Sunny , Singh Narendra
Published: September 2018

Probiotics are been widely used these days in diseases of the gut to combat the effect of medications and to provide a better beneficial microflora for the Gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The use of probiotics in maintaining an oral health has been widely discussed as the beneficial bacterial could replace the cariogenic and other bacterial which affect the oral health and prove a boon for oral health. The main strains used in GIT include Lactobacillus Species which are known to produce acids and can cause a reciprocal effect on the oral cavity. So everything which seems good is not a boon it might also have some ill effects which can be misery full and prove bane. This review demonstrates the action of Probiotics on oral health and disease with both beneficial and harmful effects.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENGELOLAAN KELAS
Authors: Faruqi Dwi
Published: September 2018

Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar terdapat dua hal yang turut menentukan berhasil tidaknya suatu proses belajar mengajar, yaitu pengelolaan kelas dan pengajaran itu sendiri. Kedua hal itu saling tergantung. Siswa dapat belajar dengan baik, dalam suasana yang wajar tanpa tekanan dan dalam kondisi yang merangsang untuk belajar. Untuk menciptakan suasana yang menumbuhkan gairah belajar, meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa, dan lebih memungkinkan guru memberikan bimbingan terhadap siswa dalam belajar, diperlukan pengelolaan kelas yang memadai.
STUDI EVALUATIF TENTANG KEBERADAAN SEKOLAH PROGRAM BAKAT ISTIMEWA DI MTsN MALANG III BERDASARKAN 8 STANDAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN TINGKAT SMP/MTS
Authors: Arifin Zainul
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara jelas tentang keberadaan sekolah program bakat istimewa dengan cara menganalisis standar kompetensi lulusan, standar isi, standar proses, standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, standar sarana dan prasarana, standar pengelolahan, standar pembiayaan, dan standar penilaian pendidikan pada Program Bakat Istimewa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Malang III dan mengevaluasi berdasarkan 8 standar nasional pendidikan tingkat SMP/MTs yang meliputi standar kompetensi lulusan, standar isi, standar proses, standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, standar sarana dan prasarana, standar pengelolahan, standar pembiayaan, dan standar penilaian pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dimana sumber data diperoleh dari: informan (Kepala Sekolah, Waka Kurikulum, Waka Sarana dan Prasarana, Waka Bendahara, Ketua Program Bakat Istimewa, guru dan pelatih, serta siswa) dan dokumen. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi. Sementara hasil penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis model interaktif yang meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil dari temuan data penelitian di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Malang III pada Program Bakat Istimewa dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Keberadaan Sekolah Program Bakat Istimewa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Malang III dari awal diselenggarakan pada tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 sampai dengan 2016/2017 telah mengalami peningkatan dalam pemenuhan sarana dan prasarana bagi peserta didik program bakat istimewa, meskipun masih ada yang harus ditingkatkan lagi berkaitan dengan lapangan yang digunakan dalam proses latihan. Sedangkan dalam Standar Penilaian pada program Bakat Istimewa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Malang III yang dilaksanakan masih kurang spesifik dalam perumusan kompetensi. Hal ini terlihat dari format raport yang tidak disesuaikan dengan cabang olahraga yang dipilih oleh peserta didik, (2) Keberadaan Sekolah Program Bakat Istimewa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Malang III meningkatkan mutu peserta didik khususnya dalam bidang non-akademik olahraga. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari prestasi yang dihasilkan baik tingkat kabupaten, provinsi, maupun nasional yang diperoleh madrasah melalui peserta didik yang menempuh program bakat istimewa.Kata Kunci: Program Bakat Istimewa, Standar Nasional Pendidikan
PERAN LABORATORIUM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN PESERTA DIDIK ( Studi Kasus di SMA Negeri 3 Malang)
Authors: Wijaya Subur
Published: September 2018

Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional mengamanatkan bahwa Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta ketrampilan yang di perlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.Laboratorium Pendidikan selanjutnya disebut laboratorium, adalah unit penunjang akademik pada lembaga pendidikan, berupa ruangan tertutup atau terbuka, bersifat permanen atau bergerak, dikelola secara sistematis untuk kegiatan pengujian, kalibrasi, dan/atau produksi dalam skala terbatas, dengan menggunakan peralatan dan bahan berdasarkan metode keilmuan tertentu dalam rangka pelaksanaan pendidikan, penelitian, dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Jadi Laboratorium agama adalah suatu unit penunjang akademik yang di dalamnya terdapat alat peraga praktik keagamaan, mulai dari yang berbasis hard copy, e-book, software digital, dan lain-lain. Hal ini bertujuan agar pendidikan agama Islam yang diajarkan di sekolah tidak hanya sekedar teori keagamaan saja dalam artian peserta didik hanya mampu mendengarkan akan tetapi lebih dari itu, para peserta didik diajak untuk mengeksploitasi dan mempraktikkan pengetahuan agama yang didapat melalui sarana media laboratorium agama.Pendidikan agama dimaksudkan untuk peningkatan potensi spiritual dan membetuk peserta didik agar menajdi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa  dan berakhlak  mulia.  Akhlak mulia mencakup etika, budi pekerti, dan moral sebagai perwujudan  dari pendidikan agama. Peningkatan potensi spiritual mencakup pengamalan, pemahaman, dan penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan, serta pengamalan nilai-nilai tersebut dalam kehidupan individual  ataupun kolektif kemasyarakatan. Peningkatan potensi spiritual tersebut pada akhirnya  bertujuan pada  optimalisasi berbagai potensi  yang dimiliki manusia  yang aktualisasinya mencerminkan harkat dan martabatnya sebagai makhluk Tuhan.Proses kegiatan belajar dan mengajar di laboratorium agama sedikit banyak dapat menciptakan atmosfir pembelajaran yang efektif, inovatif dan menyenangkan, berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti salah satu indikasinya adalah siswa dapat lebih aktif dalam menyimak pelajaran yang disampaikan. Dalam proses transfer of knowledge yang di lakukan di lab agama bisa dikatakan peserta didik dapat cepat menerima materi karena mereka bukan hanya dari sisi teori tetapi sedikit banyak mereka dapat mengapikasikannya langsung, dengan cara mempraktikan, berdiskusi, tanya jawab dan lain-lain.
MANAGING LEARNING FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Mutholingah Siti
Published: September 2018

Di era kompetitif ini, maka output dan outcome dari suatu lembaga pendidikan termasuk lembaga pendidikan Islam dituntut mempunyai kualitas yang dapat bersaing secara global. Untuk dapat menghasilkan lulusan yang berkualitas dan mampu bersaing di dunia global, maka salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh suatu lembaga pendidikan yaitu dengan cara mengelola pembelajaran dengan baik agar dapat mewujudkan pendidikan yang baik pula. Lembaga pendidikan Islam, merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang selama ini mendapat sorotan bahwa produknya masih kalah bersaing dibandingkan dengan lembaga pendidikan umum, khususnya jika bersaing dalam skala internasional. Oleh karena itu, lembaga pendidikan Islam harus berinovasi lebih baik lagi dalam mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas, sehingga nantinya dapat menghasilkan produk peserta didik yang berkualitas pula. Dalam mengelola atau menage suatu pembelajaran agar mencapai kualitas ada 3 hal utama yang harus dilakukan yaitu (1) mendesain atau merencakan program pembelajaran yang berkualitas, (2) melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas, dan (3) mengevaluasi proses pembelajaran secara berkualitas pula. Pembelajaran yang berkualitas adalah pembelajaran dan pengembangan secara berkelanjutan (continuous learning and development). Artinya pengelolaan pembelajaran harus dilakukan perbaikan secara terus menerus gar dapat mencapai kualitas. Adapun beberapa strategi untuk menwujudkan pembelajaran yang berkualitas yaitu: (1) membuat spesifikasi program, (2) menentukan isi dan struktur pembelajaran, (3) menentukan strategi dan metode pembelajaran yang membelajarkan, (4) meningkatkan kualitas pendidik dan tenaga kependiidkan, (5) memberikan motivasi kepada peserta didik, (6) memberikan motivasi kepada peserta didik, (7) membuat jaminan mutu pembelajaran, (8) memberikan umpan balik kepada stakeholder, (9) melakukan penilaian atau evaluasi kepada peserta didik, (10) menentukan kemampuan kerja (skill)peserta didik. Dalam konteks pendidikan Islam, Islam sebenarnya agama yang sangat mengedepankan kualitas atau mutu, termasuk dalam hal pendidikan dan pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran agama Islam hendaknya selalu mengedepankan kualitas pembelajarannya sehingga mampu memberikan output yang berkualitas, yakni yang beriman, bertakwa, beramal shaleh, memiliki skill (keterampilan) dan attitude (akhlak) yang baik sehingga mampu bersaing di dunia global