bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Hodgkin variant Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma in British Columbia
Authors: Zhu Kai , Jamroz Andrew , Huang Steven , Villa Diego , Freeman Ciara L. , Scott David W. , Slack Graham , Sehn Laurie H. , Connors Joseph M. , Toze Cynthia L. , Savage Kerry J. , Gerrie Alina S.
Published: May 2022

Hodgkin variant Richter transformation (HvRT) is a rare and challenging complication of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) for which information on prognostic factors and treatment approaches remain limited. We analysed characteristics and survival outcomes of a population‐based cohort of 32 patients with HvRT identified in British Columbia over a 40‐year period. Median interval from CLL diagnosis to HvRT was 5.6 years (range, 0–33.6), with five cases diagnosed concurrently. Most patients (80%) had treatment for CLL prior to HvRT. Median age at HvRT was 71 years (range, 51–86) and the majority of patients had high‐risk disease, including stage 3–4 in 87% and International Prognostic Score (IPS) ≥ 4 in 65%. Two‐year progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from HvRT were 47% (95% CI: 29%–64%) and 57% (95% CI: 38%–72%), respectively. OS from HvRT was significantly worse in those with anaemia (p = 0.02), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.04), high IPS (p = 0.04), and worse performance status (p = 0.001). For those treated with curative‐intent ABVD/ABVD‐like therapy, 2‐year PFS and OS were 70% (95% CI: 45%–85%) and 74% (95% CI: 49%–89%), respectively. In this real‐world population‐based cohort, HvRT was associated with poor clinical outcomes overall; however, those able to tolerate curative‐intent therapy had similar survival to older patients with de novo HL.
An exploratory study on risk identification of cross‐boundary innovation of manufacturing enterprises based on grounded theory
Authors: Khan Adnan , Qu Xiaoyu , Madzikanda Beverlley
Published: May 2022

This study attempts to identify and evaluate the key elements associated with triggering and facilitating the cross‐boundary innovation of manufacturing enterprises. For this purpose, we used discourse analysis to construct a research framework of cross‐boundary innovation risks based on the in‐depth interview and semi‐structured questionnaire responses of the senior executives of 15 manufacturing enterprises in the central provinces of China. Results identify five main categories of cross‐boundary innovation risks, namely, cross‐boundary characteristics, cross‐boundary innovation process, subject intention, subject capability, and subject relationships. These categories are further refined into subcategories to theorize their interconnections, which guide the researchers in formulating strategies for reducing risks from cross‐boundary innovation. This study also proposes some strategies for controlling cross‐boundary innovation risks based on the case study findings and proposes an interesting viewpoint that adds to its theoretical and managerial implications. Specifically, this study identifies risk identification as the foundation of risk control and management for cross‐boundary innovation. The outcomes of this research not only introduce opportunities for future researchers to examine our propositions based on grounded theory but may also help practitioners in identifying the critical elements of cross‐boundary innovation.
KRAS variant allele frequency, but not mutation positivity, associates with survival of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Suzuki Tatsunori , Masugi Yohei , Inoue Yosuke , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Mariko , Takamatsu Manabu , Arita Junichi , Kato Tomotaka , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Kunita Akiko , Nakai Yousuke , Nakano Yutaka , Ono Yoshihiro , Sasahira Naoki , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Tateishi Keisuke , Uemura Sho , Koike Kazuhiko , Ushiku Tetsuo , Takeuchi Kengo , Sakamoto Michiie , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kitago Minoru , Takahashi Yu , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro ,   for the GTK Pancreatic Cancer Study Group in Japan
Published: May 2022

KRAS mutation is a major driver of pancreatic carcinogenesis and will likely be a therapeutic target. Due to lack of sensitive assays for clinical samples of pancreatic cancer with low cellularity, KRAS mutations and their prognostic association have not been fully examined in large populations. In a multi‐institutional cohort of 1162 pancreatic cancer patients with formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples, we undertook droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for KRAS codons 12/13/61. We examined detection rates of KRAS mutations by clinicopathological parameters and survival associations of KRAS mutation status. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were computed using the Cox regression model with adjustment for potential confounders. KRAS mutations were detected in 1139 (98%) patients. The detection rate did not differ by age of tissue blocks, tumor cellularity, or receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. KRAS mutations were not associated with DFS or OS (multivariable HR comparing KRAS‐mutant to KRAS‐wild‐type tumors, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.62–1.75] and 1.05 [95% CI, 0.60–1.84], respectively). Among KRAS‐mutant tumors, KRAS variant allele frequency (VAF) was inversely associated with DFS and OS with HRs per 20% VAF increase of 1.27 (95% CI, 1.13–1.42; ptrend <0.001) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.16–1.48; ptrend <0.001), respectively. In summary, ddPCR detected KRAS mutations in clinical specimens of pancreatic cancer with high sensitivity irrespective of parameters potentially affecting mutation detections. KRAS VAF, but not mutation positivity, was associated with survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
Alteration in Rab11‐mediated endocytic trafficking of LDL receptor contributes to angiotensin II‐induced cholesterol accumulation and injury in podocytes
Authors: Hu Jijia , Zhu Zijing , Chen Zhaowei , Yang Qian , Liang Wei , Ding Guohua
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Exposure of podocytes to angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances the abundance of the cell surface glycoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promotes significant changes in the cellular cholesterol content. Recent investigation provides evidence that the small GTPase Rab11 is involved in the regulation of LDLR, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, the role of Rab11 in post‐transcriptional regulation of LDLR was evaluated to investigate potential mechanisms of podocyte cholesterol dysregulation in chronic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods

Cholesterol content, LDLR and Rab11 expression were assessed in podocytes from Ang II‐infused mice. In vitro, the intracellular localization of LDLR was detected under different conditions. Rab11 expression was modulated and we then explored the effect of anti‐lipid cytotoxicity by detecting LDLR expression and trafficking, cholesterol content and apoptosis in podocytes.

Results

Cholesterol accumulation, upregulated expression of LDLR and Rab11 were discovered in podocytes from Ang II‐infused mice. Ang II enhanced the co‐precipitation of LDLR with Rab11 and accelerated the endocytic recycling of LDLR to the plasma membrane. Additionally, silencing Rab11 promoted lysosomal degradation of LDLR and alleviated Ang II‐induced cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in podocytes. Conversely, overexpression of Rab11 or inhibition of lysosomal degradation up‐regulated the abundance of LDLR and aggravated podocyte cholesterol deposition.

Conclusions

Rab11 triggers the endocytic trafficking and recycling of LDLR; overactivation of this pathway contributes to Ang II‐induced podocyte cholesterol accumulation and injury.
Activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects ethanol‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rat model
Authors: Lin Xiaoyi , Zhu Daoming , Wang Kaiyang , Luo Pengbo , Rui Gang , Gao Youshui , Liu Fuan , Yu Hongping
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease characterized by destructive bone structures, enlarged adipocyte accumulation and impaired vascularization. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is the limiting enzyme for ethanol metabolism with many physiological functions. The aim was investigated the potential protective role of activated ALDH 2 by Alda‐1 for ethanol‐induced ONFH.

Materials and Methods

The ethanol‐induced ONFH in rat was performed to explore the protective of Alda‐1 by various experimental methods. Subsequently, the effect of Alda‐1 and ethanol on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was investigated via multiple cellular and molecular methods. Finally, the effect of Alda‐1 and ethanol on the neo‐vascularization was detected in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and ONFH model.

Results

Firstly, radiographical and pathological measurements indicated that alda‐1 protected ethanol‐induced ONFH. Moreover, ethanol significantly inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas Alda‐1 could distinctly rescue it by PI3K/AKT signalling. Secondly, ethanol remarkably promoted the lipid vacuoles formation of BMSCs, while Alda‐1 significantly retarded it on BMSCs by AMPK signalling pathway. Finally, ethanol significantly inhibited proliferation and growth factor level resulting in reduced angiogenesis, whereas Alda‐1 could rescue the effect of ethanol. Additionally, Alda‐1 significantly reduced the occurrence of ONFH and promoted vessel number and distribution in alcoholic ONFH.

Conclusions

Alda‐1 activation of ALDH 2 was highly demonstrated to protect ethanol‐induced ONFH by triggering new bone formation, reducing adipogenesis and stimulating vascularization.
The effects of human development, environmental factors, and a major highway on mammalian community composition in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA
Authors: Barnick Kelsey A. , Green Austin M. , Pendergast Mary E. , Şekercioğlu Çağan H.
Published: May 2022

Human development and roads threaten wildlife through distinct mechanisms and understanding the influence of these elements can better inform mitigation and conservation strategies. We used camera traps to quantify the effects of major roads, environmental factors, and human development on the mammalian community composition between sites north and south of a major interstate highway in northern Utah, USA. We found no significant differences in species richness nor community similarity across the north–south divide of the highway. Through Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we compared the effects of the distance to the highway, housing and human population density, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the human footprint index to changes in mammalian community composition and species‐specific habitat usage. Community occupancy response, similarity, and species richness were negatively affected by increased housing and human population densities and positively affected by increased NDVI and decreased human footprint, whereas their response to the highway was more inconclusive. We conclude that mammalian community composition in our study area is influenced by both environmental conditions and human development while the effect of the highway was more nuanced, possibly due to the presence of a newly constructed wildlife overpass. Taken together, the lack of differences in species richness or community composition across the highway suggests that it may not currently exacerbate the effects of other anthropogenic sources of habitat fragmentation and highlights the need for additional research into human–wildlife conflict mitigation strategies.
Which cava anastomotic techniques are optimal regarding immediate and short‐term outcomes after liver transplantation: A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Shaker Tamer M. , Eason James D. , Davidson Brian R. , Barth Rolf N. , Pirenne Jacques , Imventarza Oscar , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Fung John ,   the ERS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: May 2022

Background

It has long been debated whether cava anastomosis should be performed with the piggyback technique or cava replacement, with or without veno‐venous bypass (VVB), with or without temporary portocaval shunt (PCS) in the setting of liver transplantation.

Objectives

To identify whether different cava anastomotic techniques and other maneuvers benefit the recipient regarding short‐term outcomes and to provide international expert panel recommendations.

Data sources

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.

Methods

A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel (CRD42021240979).

Results

Of 3205 records screened, 307 publications underwent full‐text assessment for eligibility and 47 were included in qualitative synthesis. Four studies were randomized control trials. Eighteen studies were comparative. The remaining 25 were single‐center retrospective noncomparative studies.

Conclusion

Based on existing data and expert opinion, the panel cannot recommend one cava reconstruction technique over another, rather the surgical approach should be based on surgeon preference and center dependent, with special consideration toward patient circumstances (Quality of evidence: Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong). The panel recommends against routine use of vevo‐venous bypass (Quality of evidence: Very Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong) and against the routine use of temporary porto‐caval shunt (Quality of evidence: Very Low | Grade of Recommendation: Strong).
Zonate leaf spot of Ailanthus altissima in Korea is caused by Boeremia exigua
Authors: Jung Bok‐Nam , Park Ji‐Hyun , Lee Chong‐Kyu , Shin Hyeon‐Dong
Published: May 2022

Zonate leaf spot of Ailanthus altissima presumed to be associated with an Ascochyta sp. has been observed in Korea where the species is naturalized. Using microscopic examinations of 22 specimens, deposited in the Korea University herbarium since 1989, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of three monoconidial isolates, we identified the isolates as Boeremia exigua. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. These results indicated that the previous records of Ascochyta ailanthi and Ascochyta sp. on A. altissima should be re‐evaluated to confirm the identity of the species.
Taking non‐conceptualism back to Dharmakīrti
Authors: Chaturvedi Amit
Published: May 2022

Some recent surveys of the modern philosophical debate over the existence of non‐conceptual perceptual content have concluded that the distinction between conceptual and non‐conceptual representations is largely terminological. To remedy this terminological impasse, Robert Hanna and Monima Chadha claim that non‐conceptualists must defend an essentialist view of non‐conceptual content, according to which perceptual states have representational content whose structure and psychological function are necessarily distinct from that of conceptual states. Hanna and Chadha additionally suggest that non‐conceptualists should go “back to Kant” to find the most defensible version of an essentialist content non‐conceptualism. I propose instead that non‐conceptualists go back even further to the seventh‐century Indian Buddhist philosopher Dharmakīrti, so that they may not only find historical precedent for an essentialist content view, but also some better arguments in its favor. This essay reconstructs Dharmakīrti's essentialist non‐conceptualism about the contents of conscious sensory representations and the refined theory of conceptualization that it presupposes. In particular, I examine his arguments from the proprietary phenomenology of sensory experience, the cognitive encapsulation of sensory processing, as well as the iconic format of sensory representations, and assess the strength of these arguments relative to their modern counterparts.
Kin selection theory and the design of cooperative crops
Authors: Biernaskie Jay M.
Published: May 2022

In agriculture and plant breeding, plant traits may be favoured because they benefit neighbouring plants and ultimately increase total crop yield. This idea of promoting cooperation among crop plants has existed almost as long as W.D. Hamilton's inclusive fitness (kin selection) theory, the leading framework for explaining cooperation in biology. However, kin selection thinking has not been adequately applied to the idea of cooperative crops. Here, I give an overview of modern kin selection theory and consider how it explains three key strategies for designing cooperative crops: (1) selection for a less‐competitive plant type (a ‘communal ideotype’); (2) group‐level selection for yield; and (3) exploiting naturally selected cooperation. The first two strategies, using artificial selection, have been successful in the past but suffer from limitations that could hinder future progress. Instead, I propose an alternative strategy and a new ‘colonial ideotype’ that exploits past natural selection for cooperation among the modules (e.g., branches or stems) of individual plants. More generally, I suggest that Hamiltonian agriculture—a kin selection view of agriculture and plant breeding—transforms our understanding of how to improve crops of the future.
Dynamics of reduced genetic diversity in increasingly fragmented populations of Florida scrub jays,Aphelocoma coerulescens
Authors: Nguyen Tram N. , Chen Nancy , Cosgrove Elissa J. , Bowman Reed , Fitzpatrick John W. , Clark Andrew G.
Published: May 2022

Understanding the genomic consequences of population decline is important for predicting species' vulnerability to intensifying global change. Empirical information about genomic changes in populations in the early stages of decline, especially for those still experiencing immigration, remains scarce. We used 7834 autosomal SNPs and demographic data for 288 Florida scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens; FSJ) sampled in 2000 and 2008 to compare levels of genetic diversity, inbreeding, relatedness, and lengths of runs of homozygosity (ROH) between two subpopulations within dispersal distance of one another but have experienced contrasting demographic trajectories. At Archbold Biological Station (ABS), the FSJ population has been stable because of consistent habitat protection and management, while at nearby Placid Lakes Estates (PLE), the population declined precipitously due to suburban development. By the onset of our sampling in 2000, birds in PLE were already less heterozygous, more inbred, and on average more related than birds in ABS. No significant changes occurred in heterozygosity or inbreeding across the 8‐year sampling interval, but average relatedness among individuals decreased in PLE, thus by 2008 average relatedness did not differ between sites. PLE harbored a similar proportion of short ROH but a greater proportion of long ROH than ABS, suggesting one continuous population of shared demographic history in the past, which is now experiencing more recent inbreeding. These results broadly uphold the predictions of simple population genetic models based on inferred effective population sizes and rates of immigration. Our study highlights how, in just a few generations, formerly continuous populations can diverge in heterozygosity and levels of inbreeding with severe local population decline despite ongoing gene flow.
Deepened snow loosens temporal coupling between plant and microbial N utilization and induces ecosystem N losses
Authors: Jia Zhou , Li Ping , Wu Yuntao , Chang Pengfei , Deng Meifeng , Liang Luyin , Yang Sen , Wang Chengzhang , Wang Bin , Yang Lu , Wang Xin , Wang Zhenhua , Peng Ziyang , Guo Lulu , Ahirwal Jitendra , Liu Weixing , Liu Lingli
Published: May 2022

Seasonal differences in plant and microbial nitrogen (N) acquisition are believed to be a major mechanism that maximizes ecosystem N retention. There is also a concern that climate change may interrupt the delicate balance in N allocation between plants and microbes. Yet, convincing experimental evidence is still lacking. Using a 15N tracer, we assessed how deepened snow affects the temporal coupling between plant and microbial N utilization in a temperate Mongolian grassland. We found that microbial 15N recovery peaked in winter, accounting for 22% of the total ecosystem 15N recovery, and then rapidly declined during the spring thaw. By stimulating N loss via N2O emission and leaching, deepened snow reduced the total ecosystem 15N recovery by 42% during the spring thaw. As the growing season progresses, the 15N released from microbial biomass was taken up by plants, and the competitive advantage for N shifted from microbes to plants. Plant 15N recovery reached its peak in August, accounting for 17% of the total ecosystem 15N recovery. The Granger causality test showed that the temporal dynamics of plant 15N recovery can be predicted by microbial 15N recovery under ambient snow but not under deepened snow. In addition, plant 15N recovery in August was positively correlated with and best explained by microbial 15N recovery in March. The lower microbial 15N recovery under deepened snow in March reduced plant 15N recovery by 73% in August. Together, our results provide direct evidence of seasonal differences in plant and microbial N utilization that are conducive to ecosystem N retention; however, deepened snow disrupted the temporal coupling between plant–microbial N use and turnover. These findings suggest that changes in snowfall patterns may significantly alter ecosystem N cycling and N‐based greenhouse gas emissions under future climate change. We highlight the importance of better representing winter processes and their response to winter climate change in biogeochemical models when assessing N cycling under global change.
Fencing farm dams to exclude livestock halves methane emissions and improves water quality
Authors: Malerba Martino E. , Lindenmayer David B. , Scheele Ben C. , Waryszak Pawel , Yilmaz I. Noyan , Schuster Lukas , Macreadie Peter I.
Published: May 2022

Agricultural practices have created tens of millions of small artificial water bodies (“farm dams” or “agricultural ponds”) to provide water for domestic livestock worldwide. Among freshwater ecosystems, farm dams have some of the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per m2 due to fertilizer and manure run‐off boosting methane production—an extremely potent GHG. However, management strategies to mitigate the substantial emissions from millions of farm dams remain unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that installing fences to exclude livestock could reduce nutrients, improve water quality, and lower aquatic GHG emissions. We established a large‐scale experiment spanning 400 km across south‐eastern Australia where we compared unfenced (N = 33) and fenced farm dams (N = 31) within 17 livestock farms. Fenced farm dams recorded 32% less dissolved nitrogen, 39% less dissolved phosphorus, 22% more dissolved oxygen, and produced 56% less diffusive methane emissions than unfenced dams. We found no effect of farm dam management on diffusive carbon dioxide emissions and on the organic carbon in the soil. Dissolved oxygen was the most important variable explaining changes in carbon fluxes across dams, whereby doubling dissolved oxygen from 5 to 10 mg L−1 led to a 74% decrease in methane fluxes, a 124% decrease in carbon dioxide fluxes, and a 96% decrease in CO2‐eq (CH4 + CO2) fluxes. Dams with very high dissolved oxygen (>10 mg L−1) showed a switch from positive to negative CO2‐eq. (CO2 + CH4) fluxes (i.e., negative radiative balance), indicating a positive contribution to reduce atmospheric warming. Our results demonstrate that simple management actions can dramatically improve water quality and decrease methane emissions while contributing to more productive and sustainable farming.
Reduced ‘fates of the body’ and ‘production of value for others’ in the global garment industry: Thinking with Berlant on eating and hunger during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brickell Katherine , Lawreniuk Sabina
Published: May 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, suspended and laid off garment workers struggled on severely reduced incomes to meet the cost of food for themselves and their families. It is in this context of ‘double crisis’ that our commentary focuses on the diminished eating and reduced bodily fates of garment workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We argue that thinking with Berlant encourages and supports scholars to contemplate and articulate how the ‘production of value for others’ can reduce the ‘fates of the body’ of those living and labouring at the sharp end of the capitalist system.
Impact of trainee experience on shave biopsy specimen size
Authors: Dougher Meaghan C. , Butt Melissa , Helm Klaus F. , Helm Matthew F.
Published: May 2022

Background

Skin biopsies are crucial for the diagnosis of many cutaneous pathologies, yet specimen adequacy is essential for definitive diagnosis. Recent literature has noted a trend in decreasing biopsy size over time, which has created concern over implications regarding adequacy for diagnosis.

Methods

This study sought to evaluate if clinician training length or type of residency training impacted the average biopsy size and sample adequacy. Dermatopathology reports for shave biopsies between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021, at Penn State Health were queried through PathNet, the software application for pathology reports in this health system's electronic medical record system. Biopsy dimensions, volume, diagnosis, location, clinician training level, and descriptions of evaluation of deeper sections (recuts) and superficial sampling were recorded for each biopsy. Basic statistical calculations were performed to assess the mean and standard deviation for biopsy sizes per clinician group.

Results

Differences in biopsy size between training levels were statistically significant despite qualitatively similar biopsy locations and final diagnosis categories for each clinician training group. After evaluating measures for sample adequacy, our data showed significantly smaller biopsies; however, overall frequencies were minimal. Additionally, more inadequate specimens were noted for clinician groups with the least amount of dermatology experience.

Conclusions

The results of this study identify a correlation with decreasing biopsy size amidst increased experience in dermatology training but find no evidence to support that this trend currently threatens sample adequacy.
Can managers be trained to further support their employees' basic needs and work engagement: A manager training program study
Authors: Jungert Tomas , Gradito Dubord Marc‐Antoine , Högberg Michael , Forest Jacques
Published: May 2022

The present paper describes a quasi‐experimental research presenting a workplace training program aimed at helping managers to be more supportive of their employees' autonomy. Drawing on self‐determination theory, we built a pre/post questionnaire design measuring perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, need frustration, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, work engagement and job burnout. Seven managers were trained according to the autonomy support training program. We assessed 39 of their employees before and after the intervention. Moreover, 133 employees whose managers were not included in the training program constituted the control group. Regarding the experimental group, the results showed significant statistical differences regarding perceived autonomy support from managers, autonomous motivation, need satisfaction, work engagement and job burnout. No significant effects regarding perceived autonomy support from coworkers controlled motivation, or need frustration were observed. This study provides added value to the theory of need satisfaction and demonstrates that training managers to be need‐supportive may be effective in improving positive work‐related outcomes and reducing negative outcomes.
‘It's good to have the knowledge and the confidence’: Mental health student nurses' views of a medication workshop
Authors: Goodwin John , White Sheila , O’Malley Maria , Hurley Emma , O’Donovan Aine , Kelly Peter
Published: May 2022

The administration of medication in a safe manner is a key nursing role and nursing regulatory bodies mandate that it is part of undergraduate training. However, it has been noted that qualified nursing staff are dissatisfied with the knowledge demonstrated by students. As such, a 2‐day evidence‐based workshop on medication management for final‐year nursing students was facilitated to address knowledge deficits. Content was delivered by academics and practicing nurses. The aims of this study were to evaluate internship mental health student nurses' experiences of a 2‐day medication management workshop. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Three focus group interviews were held with student nurses who partook in the workshop. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: Developing Confidence around Medication Management, Reflections on Learning Gained from the Workshop, and Enhancing Awareness and Vigilance of Medication Errors. Overall, participation in the workshop was identified as having a positive impact on students' knowledge, competence, and confidence in relation to becoming a safe practitioner. Students reported that the timing of the workshop – during internship – was appropriate for their knowledge needs. Findings indicate that the right amount of information was delivered by the right people, at the right time, in the right way. This study has highlighted the positive impact of a 2‐day workshop delivered in the final year of mental health student nurse training, on their confidence and competence in the area of medication management. It provides some insight into how a practical collaborative approach to this type of education between academics and clinicians can help students bridge the theory–practice gap.
Immobilization of radiotoxic elements with Y‐stabilized zirconia: The thorium case
Authors: Svitlyk Volodymyr , Weiss Stephan , Hennig Christoph
Published: May 2022

Y‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) phases were found to incorporate Th atoms, and the corresponding solubility ranges depend on the relative Y content. For the tetragonal phases with a lower Y concentration of 14 at.%, a maximal possible Th intake on the Zr/Y metal site reached ca. 10.3 at.%. Cubic phases with higher Y content could dissolve 11 at.% Th in an equilibrium state and up to ca. 12.3 at.% Th under nonequilibrium conditions. Larger Th–Zr/Y solubility range for phases with higher Y concentration was found to be related to the associated symmetry increase, as concluded from synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data. Specifically, the introduction of Th into tetragonal YSZ induces evolution toward higher cubic symmetry via flattening of the Zr/YO8 polyhedra. In addition, a tetragonal YSZ crystal lattice exhibits strongly anisotropic expansion with a concomitant decrease in tetragonality upon the intake of Th. This results in an easier accommodation of bigger Th atoms via a structural stabilization of longer Zr/Y–O bonding distances which yields more symmetrical coordination of central Zr/Y metal ions by surrounding O atoms. Cubic symmetry is, therefore, more favorable to the incorporation of large tetravalent actinide elements.
A possible new activator of PI3K‐Huayu Qutan Recipe alleviates mitochondrial apoptosis in obesity rats with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tai He , Tong Yu‐jing , Yu Rui , Yu You , Yao Si‐cheng , Li Ling‐bing , Liu Ye , Cui Xiao‐zheng , Kuang Jin‐song , Meng Xian‐sheng , Jiang Xiao‐lin
Published: May 2022

Obesity, which has unknown pathogenesis, can increase the frequency and seriousness of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study evaluated effect of Huayu Qutan Recipe (HQR) pretreatment on myocardial apoptosis induced by AMI by regulating mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity. For in vivo experiments, 60 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, AMI group, AMI (obese) group, 4.5, 9.0 and 18.0 g/kg/d HQR groups. The models fed on HQR with different concentrations for 2 weeks before AMI. For in vitro experiments, the cardiomyocytes line (H9c2) was used. Cells were pretreated with palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h, then to build hypoxia model followed by HQR‐containing serum for 24 h. Related indicators were also detected. In vivo, HQR can lessen pathohistological damage and apoptosis after AMI. In addition, HQR improves blood fat levels, cardiac function, inflammatory factor, the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, as well as lessen infarction in rats with obesity after AMI. Meanwhile, HQR can diminish myocardial cell death by improving mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway activation. In vitro, HQR inhibited H9c2 cells apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function and activated the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway, but effects can be peripeteiad by LY294002. Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction occurs following AMI and can lead to myocardial apoptosis, which can be aggravated by obesity. HQR can relieve myocardial apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity.
Firm responsiveness to consumers' reviews: The effect on online reputation
Authors: Rezvani Erfan , Rojas Christian
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates whether firms' responsiveness to customer reviews affects firms' online reputation. Responsiveness is measured by the intensity (fraction) of reviews that are responded to whereas online reputation is measured using TripAdvisor's average customer review rating (1–5 scale). Our analysis is applied to the hotel market in Manhattan (New York). To deal with the endogeneity of a hotel's responsiveness, we instrument it with the responsiveness level displayed by nearby competitors. This identification strategy is motivated by the fact that hotels have a greater tendency to respond to reviews not only because a particular review demands attention, but also because they seek to comply (catch up) with their competitors' level of responsiveness. The results show that one standard deviation increase in a hotel's responsiveness level would result in an improvement of 0.055 stars in TripAdvisor's average online rating (equivalently, an increase of 0.09 SD). Importantly, not accounting for endogeneity would lead to an erroneous conclusion that such effect is nonexistent. In addition, our results show that the effect is heterogeneous. Specifically, the effect is particularly strong for: (a) hotels responding more intensely to negative reviews, (b) independent hotels (vis‐à‐vis chain hotels), (c) hotels with a less established online reputation, (d) hotels with more volatile online ratings, and (e) hotels with more experience responding to negative reviews. We discuss the possible mechanism between firms' responsiveness and online reputation.
The hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Tachezy Jan , Makki Abhijith , Hrdý Ivan
Published: May 2022

This review is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the discovery of hydrogenosomes by Miklós Müller and Donald Lindmark, which we will celebrate the following year. It was a long journey from the first observation of enigmatic rows of granules in trichomonads at the end of the 19th century to their first biochemical characterization in 1973. The key experiments by Müller and Lindmark revealed that the isolated granules contain hydrogen‐producing hydrogenase, similar to some anaerobic bacteria—a discovery that gave birth to the field of hydrogenosomes. It is also important to acknowledge the parallel work of the team of Apolena Čerkasovová, Jiří Čerkasov, and Jaroslav Kulda, who demonstrated that these granules, similar to mitochondria, produce ATP. However, the evolutionary origin of hydrogenosomes remained enigmatic until the turn of the millennium, when it was finally accepted that hydrogenosomes and mitochondria evolved from a common ancestor. After a historical introduction, the review provides an overview of hydrogenosome biogenesis, hydrogenosomal protein import, and the relationship between the peculiar structure of membrane translocases and its low inner membrane potential due to the lack of respiratory complexes. Next, it summarizes the current state of knowledge on energy metabolism, the oxygen defense system, and iron/sulfur cluster assembly.
Effects of dietary nucleotides on growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Chen Xiao‐chun , Huang Xiao‐quan , Tang Yi‐wen , Zhang Lei , Lin Feng
Published: May 2022

An 8 week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Five grades of dietary nucleotide levels were designed as 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g kg−1, respectively. Each group had 3 replicates, with 40 fish in each replicate. After the feeding experiment, 15 fish from each tank were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that fish fed the diets containing 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g kg−1 nucleotides had higher growth performance and feed utilization than those fed the control diet. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in survival between all the groups, although fish fed the diets with all‐level nucleotides obtained higher survival than those fed the control diet. Dietary nucleotides significantly affected the superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase and catalase activities in serum but not the malondialdehyde content. Fish fed the 0.4 g kg−1 nucleotide diets had the highest fold height, enterocyte height and muscular layer thickness significantly. The average mortality of largemouth bass infected with A. hydrophila was significantly influenced by dietary nucleotides. The mortality was significantly higher in the control group (91.11%) and 0.02% nucleotide group (73.11%) followed by the other groups and lowest in the 0.8 g kg−1 nucleotide group. In summary, dietary 0.4–0.8 g kg−1 nucleotides promoted growth performance, enhanced immunity and improved intestinal morphology and disease resistance of largemouth bass.
Relative validity and reproducibility of the CyFFQ semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary intake in Cypriot adults
Authors: Philippou Elena , Demetriou Christiana A. , Loucaides George , Solomonidou Nastazia , Critselis Elena , Polykarpou Maria , Sioulis Spyros , Hadjisavvas Andreas , Kyriacou Kyriacos
Published: May 2022

Background

Assessment of dietary intake is fundamental for evaluating the interrelationships between diet and disease. The present study aimed to develop and validate the semiquantitative Cypriot food frequency questionnaire (CyFFQ).

Methods

A 171‐item paper‐and‐pencil semiquantitative interview‐administered FFQ was developed, including local foods and culturally specific meals commonly consumed among Cypriot adults. FFQ reproducibility was assessed by comparing the energy‐adjusted daily macro‐ and micronutrients intake at baseline (FFQ1) and 1 year later (FFQ2) using a Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in a random sample of Cypriot adults. FFQ relative validity was evaluated by comparing the intake as estimated by FFQ2 with that obtained from the average of three 24‐h recalls taken over the year between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Associations between nutrient intakes estimated using FFQ2 and the 24‐h recalls were assessed using Spearman rank correlation and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess agreement between the FFQ and the 24‐h recalls.

Results

Among eligible participants, 68 (78%) completed the study (44.1% males, aged 30.5–47.5 years). The energy‐adjusted intakes of macro‐ and micronutrients did not significantly differ between the two FFQs, excluding magnesium. The FFQ2 and the averaged 24‐h recalls were significantly correlated for most macro‐ and micronutrients. The median (interquartile) ICC for all macro‐ and micronutrients was 0.46 (0.38–0.52) (p < 0.05). Agreement was satisfactory (>30%) for most micro‐ and macronutrients. Bland–Altman plots also confirmed good agreement between the two methods.

Conclusions

The CyFFQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing dietary consumption in Cypriot adults.
Protein interactome and cell‐type expression analyses reveal that cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1), but not CYFIP2, associates with astrocytic focal adhesion
Authors: Ma Ruiying , Pang Kaifang , Kang Hyojin , Zhang Yinhua , Bang Geul , Park Sangwoo , Hwang Eunha , Ryu Jae Ryun , Kwon Yujin , Kang Hyae Rim , Jin Chunmei , Kim Yoonhee , Kim Su Yeon , Kwon Seok‐Kyu , Kim Doyoun , Sun Woong , Kim Jin Young , Han Kihoon
Published: May 2022

The two members of the cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein family, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, are evolutionarily conserved multifunctional proteins whose defects are associated with distinct types of brain disorders. Even with high sequence homology between CYFIP1 and CYFIP2, several lines of evidence indicate their different functions in the brain; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we performed reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments using CYFIP1‐2 × Myc and CYFIP2‐3 × Flag knock‐in mice and found that CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 are not significantly co‐immunoprecipitated with each other in the knock‐in brains compared with negative control wild‐type (WT) brains. Moreover, CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 showed different size distributions by size‐exclusion chromatography of WT mouse brains. Specifically, mass spectrometry‐based analysis of CYFIP1‐2 × Myc knock‐in brains identified 131 proteins in the CYFIP1 interactome. Comparison of the CYFIP1 interactome with the previously identified brain region‐ and age‐matched CYFIP2 interactome, consisting of 140 proteins, revealed only eight common proteins. Investigations using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing databases suggested non‐neuronal cell‐ and neuron‐enriched expression of Cyfip1 and Cyfip2, respectively. At the protein level, CYFIP1 was detected in both neurons and astrocytes, while CYFIP2 was detected only in neurons, suggesting the predominant expression of CYFIP1 in astrocytes. Bioinformatic characterization of the CYFIP1 interactome, and co‐expression analysis of Cyfip1 with astrocytic genes, commonly linked CYFIP1 with focal adhesion proteins. Immunocytochemical analysis and proximity ligation assay suggested partial co‐localization of CYFIP1 and focal adhesion proteins in cultured astrocytes. Together, these results suggest a CYFIP1‐specific association with astrocytic focal adhesion, which may contribute to the different brain functions and dysfunctions of CYFIP1 and CYFIP2.

image

Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15410
Epidemiology of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in The Netherlands
Authors: Broers Merel C. , de Wilde Marcel , Lingsma Hester F. , van der Lei Johan , Verhamme Katia M.C. , Jacobs Bart C.
Published: May 2022

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare but disabling disorder that often requires long‐term immunomodulatory treatment. Background incidence rates and prevalence and risk factors for developing CIDP are still poorly defined. In the current study, we used a longitudinal population‐based cohort study in The Netherlands to assess these rates and demographic factors and comorbidity associated with CIDP. We determined the incidence rate and prevalence of CIDP between 2008 and 2017 and the occurrence of potential risk factors in a retrospective Dutch cohort study using the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database. Cases were defined as CIDP if the diagnosis of CIDP was described in the electronic medical file. In a source population of 928 030 persons with a contributing follow‐up of 3 525 686 person‐years, we identified 65 patients diagnosed with CIDP. The overall incidence rate was 0.68 per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI 0.45‐0.99). The overall prevalence was 7.00 per 100 000 individuals (95% CI 5.41‐8.93). The overall incidence rate was higher in men compared to woman (IRR 3.00, 95% CI 1.27‐7.11), and higher in elderly of 50 years or older compared with people <50 years of age (IRR 17 95% CI 4‐73). Twenty percent of CIDP cases had DM and 9% a co‐existing other auto‐immune disease. These background rates are important to monitor changes in the frequency of CIDP following infectious disease outbreaks, identify potential risk factors, and to estimate the social and economic burden of CIDP.
Flexural Properties and Hardness of CAD‐CAM Denture Base Materials
Authors: Fouda Shaimaa M. , Gad Mohammed M. , Abualsaud Reem , Ellakany Passent , AlRumaih Hamad S. , Khan Soban Q. , Akhtar Sultan , al‐Qarni Faisal D. , Al‐Harbi Fahad A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To compare flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing CAD‐CAM milled, 3D‐printed, and heat‐polymerized denture base resins.

Materials and methods

A total of 120 specimens were fabricated from heat‐polymerized acrylic resin (HP), milled resin (Avadent and IvoCad), and 3D‐printed resin (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the type of denture base material (n = 20/material) (10/flexural properties and 10/hardness). Flexural strength and elastic modulus of the specimens were evaluated by 3‐point bending test and surface hardness by Vickers hardness test. To test flexural properties, the specimens were fabricated according to ISO 20795‐1:2013 standards (64 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.2 mm). The dimensions for hardness test were 15 × 10 × 2.5 ± 0.2 mm. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface morphology of the fractured specimens. The means and standard deviations were calculated, followed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results

Milled resins showed significantly higher values for flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness, followed by HP and then 3D‐printed resins (p < 0.001). Within milled groups, flexural strength of AvaDent was significantly higher than IvoCad (p < 0.001), while elastic modulus and hardness didn't show significant difference. Within 3D‐printed resins, ASIGA showed the highest flexural strength and elastic modulus, insignificantly with FormLabs (p = 0.595) and significantly with NextDent (p = 0.008). ASIGA also showed significantly the highest hardness among the 3D‐printed groups. No significant difference was found between FormLabs and NextDent in flexural strength (p = 0.357), elastic modulus (p = 1.00), or surface hardness (p = 0.987).

Conclusion

CAD‐CAM milled resins had greater flexural properties and hardness compared to heat‐polymerized acrylic resin and 3D‐printed resins. Although 3D‐printed samples showed the lowest values of tested properties, the flexural strength and modulus were above clinically acceptable values.