bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive biomarkers in lymphoma: a systematic research review
Authors: Lima Cajas Román Rolando , Panchi Espin Gabriela Fernanda , Lalama Rueda Robert Adan , Lalama Rueda Juan Esteban , Pavón Patiño Freddy Leonardo , Quincha Muñoz Mayra Katherine
Published: May 2024

Lymphoma is a diverse group of blood cancers originating in the lymphatic system, with varying clinical presentations and prognoses. Identifying and utilizing predictive biomarkers in lymphoma can significantly impact the management and outcome of patients. For instance, the presence of the BCL2 gene rearrangement in follicular lymphoma is associated with a poorer prognosis, while the expression of the CD20 protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a predictor of response to rituximab. These biomarkers are molecular or cellular indicators that can help forecast disease progression, therapeutic response, and patient prognosis. This abstract provides an overview of the current landscape of predictive biomarkers in lymphoma, focusing on their role which can help physicians to build personalized treatment strategies. We explore key types of biomarkers, including genetic mutations, protein expressions, and cellular markers, that have shown potential in predicting treatment response and survival outcomes across different lymphoma subtypes. Furthermore, we delve into recent advancements in biomarker discovery through high-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing and their strategic integration into clinical practice. The use of predictive biomarkers not only enhances the precision of treatment regimens but also contributes to better risk stratification and patient monitoring. The future of this field involves the refinement of biomarker panels for improved predictive accuracy and the exploration of novel targets for therapy. The strategic application of predictive biomarkers in lymphoma presents promising opportunities for optimizing patient care and advancing precision medicine in hematological malignancies.
Neurobehavioral insights on autistic spectrum disorder.
Authors:   Integrative Neuroscience Initiative, Melbourne, Australia 3145, Cacha Lleuvelyn
Published: May 2024

Understanding genetics and environmental influences in autism has been explored in greater depth in the past decades. However, the mechanism by which they converge that lead to autism still needs to be explored further. An autism diagnosis in DSM-5 results from a neurodevelopmental disorder having an adverse effect on normal brain function, affecting communication and social interaction combined with restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. This paper reviews current work investigating how the underlying mechanism of the brain structure and function relate to the complex and aberrant behavioral manifestations of autism. Mapping this connection can provide us with a better understanding of the autism signs and symptoms, obtaining the process of accurate diagnosis more straightforward. As a complex neurobehavioral condition, autistic individuals process the environment and their interactions with others differently from those without autism. So, they make different perceptions and connections between themselves and the environment. Consequently, they will have difficulty communicating, forming relationships, and responding appropriately to their environment. It is due to this lifelong neurobehavioral dysfunction that prevents autistic individuals from adequately understanding what they perceive and the emotional expression of others. There will be differences in their mental states, how their brain works, and how their thinking processes will be affected by a neurodevelopmental disability.
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN WASTE RECYCLING IN MALAYSIA
Authors:   Univesiti Malaysia Terengganu, SAAT SITI AISYAH
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT This paper presents the result of the quantitative method survey among the households in Malaysia regarding the household behavior and participation in solid waste management. The study argues that public participation in solid waste and environmental policy is important to deliver sustainability solid waste management in Malaysia. No programs or policies can be successful without the involvement of people and grass-root leaders (H. Huong, 1999). Ecological modernization theory also recognized that household behaviour and every day social practice could contribute to reduce the environmental problems (Spaargaren, 2000). Thus, this paper will examine the household behaviour and participation of solid waste and relevance of ecological modernization theory to deliver sustainability policy of solid waste management in Malaysia. The result from the survey among households in Malaysia shows less concern to contribute in recycling activities. Keywords: Solid Waste, Household, Behaviour, Recycling, Ecological Modernization Theory
THE INFLUENCE OF BOLLYWOOD FILMS ON PUNJABI SIKH YOUTHS’ PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE SIKH IDENTITY
Authors:   Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, KAUR ASHWINDER
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT Minority religion gets very less coverage, be it at school teachings or local media. With less than one percent population to represent themselves, the Sikhs in Malaysia, being a double minority in ethnic categorization often gets very limited media coverage and representation, let alone, an accurate portrayal. Bollywood movies are often time deduced to a cultural product of the Sikhs to non-Sikh Malaysians. With a severely lacking representation of Sikhs in local media and the inaccurate portrayal in Bollywood movies, the Sikh community tries to preserve as much of their religious identity as they can. This article is a humble attempt to analyze the influence of Bollywood films on Malaysian Punjabi Sikh youths’ perception on their religious identity. The study uses Hall’s encoding and decoding (1980) model to look at how does the Malaysian Punjabi Sikh youth interpret Bollywood films and its portrayal of Sikh characters which in return, influences their religious identity. By utilizing on one-on-one in-depth interviews, the researcher interviewed 15 Punjabi Sikh youth, age from 16-23 years consisting of eight males and seven females from Klang Valley until the data saturated. The study showed Sikh youth deduced turban as a vital factor in maintaining their religious identity. However, Bollywood movies cannot be considered as an influential or the only factor that affects the identity of a Sikh. Primary and secondary agent of socialization such as family members through daily life experiences, peer group and social media does play a vital role in changing youths’ perceptions about their idealistic and practical religious identity. Keywords: Bollywood Films, Sikh Youth, Religious Identity, Perception and Media
ILLUMINATING MALAYSIA YOUTHS’ INSIGHTS AND PERCEPTION ON NATION-BUILDING, OUTREACH MEASURES AND 1MALAYSIA CONCEPT.
Authors:   University of Hull UK, AHMAD KHAIR AMAL HAYATI
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT In order to attain a successful nation-building initiatives for Malaysia our sixth Prime Minister has introduced 1Malaysia concept as tools for national unity and integration. Difficulties in realizing the goal are quite tedious especially when there are different views among Malaysian youths abroad regarding implementation of the national policy towards the inculcation of national integration. This article elicits youths’perceptions studying in UK and Ireland on nation building outreach measures and 1Malaysia concept. This study analyses achievement of an integrated nation development with (1) diverse perceptions towards the unity in diversity concept, (2) different understanding among people on the propagated concept, and (3) various outreach measures of national policy adopted to develop a national identity to unite different ethnics under the 1Malaysia concept. 272 questionnaires were distributed among Malaysian students in higher education institutions (HEI) around UK. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents believe the 1Malaysia concept and government’s efforts for transformation via outreach programmes held in the UK are important for youths’ development and success. Keywords: Malaysia, Youth Development, Nation Building, Outreach Measure, 1Malaysia Concept, United Kingdom
MEMPERKASA KEPEMIMPINAN BELIA MALAYSIA MELALUI PEMENTORAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN BELIA POSITIF
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, ARSHAD MOHD MURSYID
Published: May 2024

ABSTRAK Kepimpinan belia adalah elemen yang diperlukan bagi meneruskan agenda pembangunan Negara. Kewujudan kepimpinan belia dapat membentuk sebuah kumpulan pelapis yang mampu mencorakkan landskap sosio ekonomi dan politik. Penglibatan bakat kepemimpinan belia baharu perlu digilap melalui latihan profesional dan pendedahan yang meluas, termasuk pembangunan kepemimpinan belia melalui pementoran. Kertas ini membincangkan potensi kaedah pementoran dalam program pembangunan kepimpinan belia terhadap Pembangunan Belia Positif (Positive Youth Development). Selain daripada pembangunan aset dalaman seperti pengukuhan kemahiran kepimpinan, sejauhmanakah kaedah pementoran membuka peluang kepada belia dalam membina aset ekologi menerusi akses yang dimiliki oleh mentor? Kaitan antara kaedah pementoran dan pembangunan kepimpinan belia dilihat secara langsung berdasarkan sumbangan terhadap PYD. Kata Kunci: Pembangunan Belia Positif, Pementoran, Kepimpinan Belia
Constraints and Enablement of Workplace Digitalisation: An Integrative Review
Authors: Bangura Samuel , Elisabeth Lourens Melanie
Published: May 2024

The successful implementation of a digital workplace involves integrating information technology throughout all aspects of the organisation. The resulting changes are significant and wide-ranging, affecting the overall work environment. Numerous experts emphasize the importance of technology in establishing a digital workplace. However, it is important to acknowledge that digital transformation within the workplace presents its own set of challenges. As such, this study aims to identify the limitations associated with embracing a digital workplace and explore the various factors that impact the efficiency of employee digitalisation. In doing this an integrative review to explore the factors that constrain, and influence workplace digitalisation was employed. To do this, relevant studies were searched through reputable search engines such as Scopus, EBSCO, IEEE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Bing. In addition, a range of online resources which proved to be reliable sources of information on workplace digitalisation and the constraints and enablement therein were used. Furthermore, reputable journal articles, government reports, and biographies were also used with specific keywords to identify both primary and secondary sources of data. The research results indicate that the lack of accuracy, reliability, trustworthiness, and productive collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence technologies in the context of digitalizing the workplace poses a substantial obstacle to their acceptance, implementation, and successful integration. However, it revealed that adaptability human asset capability employee motivation, and well-defined digitalisation strategy are critical in the effective implementation of workplace digitalisation. The study facilitates an in-depth analysis of the existing constraints and strategies for workplace digitalisation. The aim is to offer valuable recommendations to managers and practitioners on the successful implementation of workplace digitalisation. This study is a novel attempt that aims to explore the challenges and barriers that impede the successful utilisation of the human resource management process of workplace digitalisation.
Empowering Students Through Entrepreneurship: Assessing Skill Acquisition in Targeted Project-Based Learning
Authors: K. Bonoff Jennifer
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the educational landscape, with students, educators, and institutions adapting to new challenges and opportunities. As students navigate the academic terrain reshaped by the pandemic, they are in pursuit of educational journeys that blend hands-on, practical skills alongside foundational aspects of traditional academia, highlighting a shift towards more meaningful and applicable learning experiences. Entrepreneurship has emerged as a key area of interest, yet a gap exists regarding whether smaller liberal arts institutions can compete in the higher education landscape and make an impact by infusing targeted entrepreneurial projects into the curriculum, focusing on the skills acquired. Through qualitative analysis of end-of-term reflections and depth interviews with an undergraduate population engaged in entrepreneurial educational experiences and projects, using a tripart Entrepreneurial Skills (ES) model as a reference framework, themes emerged that can help form a better understanding of how students gain proficiency and compete in a global and digital world through entrepreneurial initiatives in higher education, including the ability to be open to novelty, to create solutions to emerging problems, and to communicate effectively.
Erwin Henry Schneider: Teacher, writer, and leader
Authors: Wilhelm Kyle , Wilhelm Lindsey
Published: May 2024

The National Association of Music Therapy (NAMT) was formed by individuals whose contributions to the Association remain largely unknown. Dr Erwin H. Schneider (17 February 1920 to 28 September 1985) was one of those individuals. The purpose of this study was to trace the career of Dr Schneider as a music educator and music therapist, and explore his impact on NAMT and the profession of music therapy as committee member, editor of Bulletin of the National Association for Music Therapy and Music Therapy: Book of Proceedings of the National Association for Music Therapy and as president of NAMT from 1963-65. Biographical information was drawn from primary and secondary sources as well as interviews with individuals who knew Schneider. Data were assessed for credibility and accuracy, and organised both chronologically and topically. Finally, themes and major accomplishments of his life were identified. Findings show the impact that Schneider had on the fields of both music therapy and music education. As president, he steered NAMT away from potential bankruptcy and towards the creation of the Journal of Music Therapy. As a teacher, he educated hundreds of music therapists and music educators, many of whom would become educators themselves. By studying past pioneers of NAMT such as Schneider, music therapists can gain clarity as to how the Association and the field of music therapy became what it is today.
Youth and changing rural regions in the Nordic countries
Authors: Julkunen Lauri
Published: May 2024

This review summarises previous research and historical knowledge on rural youth in four Nordic countries: Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The temporal span of the review extends from the early 20th century to the 2020s.
During this period, rural areas in all examined countries have undergone significant transformations: the decline in the importance of primary production has led to various challenges such as depopulation and the scarcity of services. This review explores how the transformation of rural areas has affected the lives of young people and examines the perspectives and themes through which the youth in rural areas have been previously approached in Nordic research. It is not a systematic literature review; instead, the research approach is more reflective and hermeneutic. The review is part of The Future of Nordic Youth in Rural Regions: A Cross-national Qualitative Longitudinal Study in four Nordic Countries (2022–2025) research project, which aims to generate knowledge on the lives, experiences, and perceptions of young people living in various sparsely populated and rural areas.
Nuoret ja muuttuva maaseutu
Authors: Julkunen Lauri
Published: May 2024

Katsaus kokoaa yhteen aiempaa tutkimusta ja historiatietoa maaseudun nuorista neljässä Pohjoismaassa, Suomessa, Ruotsissa, Norjassa ja Tanskassa. Katsauksen ajallinen jänne ulottuu 1900-luvun alusta 2020-luvulle. Tuona aikana maaseutu on kokenut kaikissa tarkasteltavissa maissa ison mullistuksen: alkutuotannon merkitys elinkeinona on romahtanut, mikä on johtanut monenlaisiin haasteisiin väestökadosta palveluiden harvenemiseen. Tässä katsauksessa tarkastellaan, miten maaseudun muutos on vaikuttanut etenkin nuorten ihmisten elämään ja millaisista näkökulmista ja teemoista käsin maaseutualueiden nuoruutta on aiemmin lähestytty pohjoismaisessa tutkimuksessa. Kyseessä ei ole systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus, vaan tutkimusote on hermeneuttinen. Katsaus on osa The Future of Nordic Youth in Rural Regions: A Cross-national Qualitative Longitudinal Study in four Nordic Countries (2022–2025) -tutkimushanketta, jonka tavoitteena on tuottaa tietoa erilaisilla harvaan asutuilla ja maaseutumaisilla alueilla asuvien nuorten elämästä, kokemuksista ja näkemyksistä.
Change Management Strategies In The Context Of Education: A Case Study Of Private School SMK X
Authors: Albi Khalifachri , Ermalina Ermalina , Utami Sulistyo Seti , Maryama Siti , Kusumawati Berlianingsih
Published: May 2024

Education is a sector that is constantly changing. These changes can be in the form of changes in curriculum, technology, policies, and so on. Schools as educational institutions need to have effective change management strategies to adapt to changes and improve the quality of education. This research aims to analyze effective change management strategies in the context of education using a case study of a private school. This research uses qualitative research methods. The data collection techniques in this research are literature review, observation, and interviews. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed effective change management strategies in private education at SMK X include communication, stakeholder participation, training and mentoring, and adaptive culture. Effective change management strategies can help schools to adapt to changes and improve the quality of education.
Zur Relativität der Vergeltung als Strafzweck unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Retributivismus Kants
Authors: Mendoza Cruz Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2024

The concept of “Vergeltungstheorie” is defined by questioning its absoluteness as its essential quality and subsuming it under a type of theory of punishment that also includes relative theories: the retributivism. This eliminates its labeling as purposeless, rigorous, pure, comprehensive, or cruel. Its core consists of three theses: Punishment instantiates an intrinsic value. Punishment fits the negative desert of the offender. Punishment contributes to the realization of justice. All this is shown by the example of Kant's doctrine of criminal law: It can be understood as a version of relative retributivism.
Analysis of Sulfur Content in Selected Crude Oils in the World
Authors: Abiodun Adeyemi Majid
Published: May 2024

The market value of a crude stream reflects its quality characteristics. The market value of an individual crude stream reflects its quality characteristics which is either characterized as sweet or sour. Crude oils that are sweet (low sulfur content) are usually priced higher than sour crude oils. This study analyzed of PNA, Assay-Data Cut-Yield, True boiling-point curve and sulfur content in selected sour crude oil in the world. A 2-stage Claus Process unit was used to determine the amount of sulfur left in the crude oil and ascertain if it will meet up to the market requirement standard (≤0.5%). Assay-Data Cut-Yield and True boiling-point analysis shows that the result from this study is in the range of the FSC 432: Petroleum Data. After the simulation the following results were achieved; Maralago—2012 (0.233%), Kearl—2014 (0.247%), Soroosh—2006 (0.271%), Basrah light—2014 (0.218%), Kuwait—2015 (0.201%), Maya—2015 (0.362%), and Ratawi—2010 (0.301%).
Emergencies Following Orthotopic Liver Transplant
Authors: L. Shaw Brian , S. Majdalany Bill , E. Marroquin Carlos
Published: May 2024

Complications following lifesaving liver transplantation can be devastating and must be managed properly to optimize the patient and allograft survival. There are non-immune, non-infectious complications which present a severe risk to survival of both the patient and the allograft. These include primary graft non-function (PNF) and hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Other complications manifest less urgently but continue to represent potentially lethal consequences to both the patient and the hepatic allograft. These include vena cava outflow disruptions, portal venous outflow derangements, and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Successful management of these complications is optimized with a multidisciplinary approach to the care of liver transplant recipients. We describe their definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, related factors, presentation, operative and non-operative management, outcomes, and future directions of these potentially catastrophic complications.
Postmortem Analysis in Drowning-Related Death Determination: Application of the “Diatom Test” in the Forensic Field in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dervišević Emina , Mašić Ermin , Katica Muhamed , Čamdžić Nina , Ajanović Zurifa , Dervišević Lejla , Dervišević Muamer , Salihbegović Adis , Kuskunović-Vlahovljak Suada , Supur Edna
Published: May 2024

Microscopic signs are not specific only to drowning, but to any other type of suffocation, the background of which is mechanical obstruction. What about cases where there are no soft tissues when he has a skeletal body? This pilot research aims to examine for the first time the attendance of diatoms in teeth and bones, with regard to the peripheral vascularization of bones and teeth, in the Bosnia River. The thirty rats were divided into groups: Group A (n = 6; autopsy—1 hour after death; cause of death-hanging); Group B (n = 6; autopsy—72 hours after death; cause of death-hanging); Group C (n = 6; autopsy—immediately after drowning; cause of death-drowning); Group D (n = 6; autopsy—24 hours after drowning; cause of death-drowning) and Group E (n = 6; autopsy—72 hours after drowning; cause of death-drowning). In Group D and Group E, diatoms were found in one rat per group. By optimizing the “Diatom Test” in experimental settings, it could potentially become a routine method in the future. This is just the initial research that leads us toward optimizing testing and taking samples in cases of uncleared etiology, when there are no preserved soft tissue structures for autopsy.
Lung Deposition of Air Pollutants and Inhaled Drugs in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Those on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV): Is It Still Challenging?
Authors: Dmitrovic Radmila , Simonovic Isidora
Published: May 2024

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. The primary risk factors for the development of COPD are tobacco smoking and the inhalation of pollutants from both indoor and outdoor sources. The exacerbation of COPD resulting from the mentioned factors significantly affects the patient’s quality of life and is often associated with frequent hospitalizations and the potential need for mechanical ventilation. Regarding drug administration, the inhalation route is the most efficient way to deliver drugs directly to the lungs and target organs, while reducing systematic side effects. When evaluating the deposition of inhaled drugs in the lungs, the most frequently employed techniques are in vivo, scintigraphy, and functional respiratory imaging (FRI). Aside from bronchodilator therapy and corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies are currently being studied for their potential benefits, particularly in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
Police Corruption and the Filipino Culture of Gift-giving
Authors: A. Sebastian-Lira Yolanda
Published: May 2024

The paper attempts to define police corruption from a Philippine perspective, especially where it involves gift-giving—a practice common in Philippine culture—among and involving members of the Philippine National Police (PNP). With this in mind, Republic Act No. R.A. 3019, aka the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act of the Philippines, is reexamined for possible revisions that take into account Philippine embedded cultural gift-giving practices, for the law to become more effective. Active policemen and graduating Criminology students interested in law enforcement careers were interviewed for their views regarding: gift-giving, corruption, and challenges in enforcing R.A. 3019. Bases for a more authentic, indigenous definition of police corruption and its role in gift-giving were drawn from their responses, parsing the difference between acceptable gift-giving and bribery in a Philippine setting. They clarified the conceptual uncertainty surrounding the terms “gift” and “bribe,” as well as aided in making analytical distinctions between various gift practices.
The research progress of correcting pathogenic mutations by base editing
Authors: Li Guanglei , Zhang Yu , Huang Xingxu
Published: May 2024

Over 6500 Mendelian disorders have been documented, with approximately 4500 genes linked to these conditions. The majority of inherited diseases present in childhood and, currently, lack effective treatments, which imposes significant economic and psychological burdens on families and society. Gene editing, particularly base editing, offers an effective and safe strategy for repairing pathogenic point mutations. It has the potential to become a treatment, even a cure, for rare diseases. Currently, multiple gene editing-related drugs have entered clinical trials. In this chapter, we summarize the various gene editing systems, including CRISPR/Cas, base editing, and prime editing. We then focus on the current research progress of base editing in correcting pathogenic mutations. This includes applications such as building animal models, correcting mutations in various diseases, germline cell editing, delivery methods, and approved clinical trials. Finally, we discuss current challenges related to delivery methods, efficiency, precision, and cost.
The Svedberg Number, 1.54, as the Basis of a State Function Describing the Evolution of Turbulence and Dispersion
Authors: Constaín Aragón Alfredo
Published: May 2024

For natural flows, a definition equivalent to the Chezy-Manning mechanical equation is developed, but based on Coulomb interactions, which includes a state function that describes the evolution of tracer particles in turbulence. This makes it possible to overcome reductionist approaches (Navier-Stokes), which are limited by their complexity. This function shows the variation of the degrees of freedom of dispersion, as well as the statistical coupling of the solute with the flow, allowing to characterize very large or complex channels in “Dynamic Equilibrium.” An approach is also developed that links this function to universal constants of fractal motion.
Perspective Chapter: The principles of corporate governance are an advantage or a necessity to promote the transparency of the capital market
Authors: Hormozi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Corporate governance is defined as a set of rules and principles governing the correct management of a company, in order to manage it, to control the conflict of interests or to eliminate it as much as possible, and to use the company’s assets to maximize the interests of investors. Corporate governance can be considered as a control process that exists between managers, shareholders and stakeholders to ensure the interests of all owners and stakeholders, a process that has control in the direction of accountability, more transparency in providing information and proper reporting. Corporate governance is one of the common concepts in today’s business world, which has been raised since the 1990s in the industrialized countries of the world. In Iran, since 2003, measures have been taken by the stock exchange organization to establish corporate governance. It is obvious that in order to attract investors to the country’s capital market, which leads to economic growth, the implementation of the principles of corporate governance should become a mandatory process, so that the risk of investors is reduced, and for this reason, their confidence to invest in the capital market and finally to improve transparency in the market. Let’s be capital.
Advanced Digital Image Analysis of Remotely Sensed Data using JavaScript API and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Elmahal Anwarelsadat , Ganwa Eltaib
Published: May 2024

Earth observation satellites (EOS) have been continuously observing and monitoring the globe and its physical, chemical, and biological characteristics since the late 1950s. EOS has been providing an enormous quantity of spatial data, and it is predicted that the global satellite data market will expand exponentially. Processing such vast and unique data in an efficient manner is necessary. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is an example of a cloud-based geospatial platform that revolutionized the way users store, process, analyze, and visualize spatial data. This chapter delves into the fundamentals of digital image processing, employing cutting-edge techniques to process, analyze, and visualize remotely sensed data through the use of Google Earth Engine (GEE) and JavaScript API. This chapter presents an in-depth exploration of digital image processing, specifically focusing on remotely sensed data. It highlights advanced techniques and includes two case studies that demonstrate practical applications in preprocessing and detailed analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) changes.
Applications of Molecular Docking Techniques in Repurposing of Drug
Authors: Kumar Shukla Ajay , Pradhan Joohee
Published: May 2024

The applications of molecular docking techniques have played a key role in paradigm change in the field of drug development by providing a potent toolkit for the investigation. In addition, drug repurposing of already approved medications and for a novel treatment that was not previously recommended is known as drug repurposing. During the critical situation, it has attracted a great deal of attention. Molecular docking techniques have emerged as a necessity to expedite the drug development process and medication requirements. They promote a validated and cost- and time-effective method of creating novel pharmaceuticals. Molecular docking technologies facilitate the prediction of the binding interactions between small molecules and target proteins. Researchers can more thoroughly evaluate the potential efficacy of well-calibrated pharmaceuticals against novel disease targets. We will explain in this chapter how molecular docking was initially used to help with the drug discovery process. Next, we demonstrate the emerging and newer uses and applications of docking, such as target fishing and profiling, polypharmacology, drug repurposing, and adverse effect prediction. We also discussed about the potential of this technique, future applications, and its combination with other emerging techniques like artificial intelligence.
Perspective chapter: The concept of diversity management as an approach to redressing social inequalities
Authors: Gross-Gołacka Elwira , Kavoura Androniki , Asonitou Sofia , Martini Eleni
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores diversity management as a strategic approach to address social inequalities in the context of globalization and demographic change. It focuses on the complexity of the concept of diversity, taking into account various aspects such as gender, race, age, nationality, sexual orientation, physical and mental abilities, cultural background, education, and life and work experience. The chapter explores the impact of diversity management in creating more equitable societies, promoting a broad understanding and acceptance of differences. It also analyses the challenges and barriers to implementing effective diversity management in organizations, highlighting its role in shaping equitable and inclusive work environments. The aim of the chapter is to inspire further research on diversity management as a tool to reduce social inequalities.
Application of Digital Image Processing Techniques for Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Pablo Guerra Juan , Cuevas Francisco
Published: May 2024

Agriculture plays a crucial role in human survival, necessitating the development of efficient methods for food production. This chapter reviews Digital Image Processing (DPI) methods that utilize various color models to segment elements like leaves, fruits, pests, and diseases, aiming to enhance agricultural crop production. Recent DPI research employs techniques such as image subtraction, binarization, color thresholding, statistics, and convolutional filtering to segment and identify crop elements with shared attributes. DPI algorithms have a broad impact on optimizing resources for increased food production through agriculture. This chapter provides an overview of DPI techniques and their applications in agricultural image segmentation, including methods for detecting fruit quality, pests, and plant nutritional status. The review’s contribution lies in the selection and analysis of highly cited articles, offering readers a current perspective on DPI’s application in agricultural processes.
Integrating Smart Meter Load Profiling for Enhanced Data Insights and Patient Care
Authors: Kelati Amleset , Plosila Juha , Tenhunen Hannu
Published: May 2024

The utilization of smart meter data has opened new frontiers in the healthcare sector by enabling the detection of health status and daily life activities. A new methodology has been proposed to differentiate between normal and abnormal energy consumption, which can be leveraged to determine the health status of consumers by analyzing load profiling. By visualizing human activities based on electricity usage, there is a growing interest in using smart meter data for detecting health status and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The chapter discussed, this innovative approach utilizes the K-Means algorithm to classify the data and identify patterns in the energy usage of individuals. By analyzing this data, potential health issues can be indicated, thereby assisting the healthcare sector in addressing the needs of the elderly population more effectively. This technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing a non-invasive and cost-effective way to monitor the health of individuals and enable early intervention in case of any health issues.
Perspective Chapter: Families of Seventh-Order KdV Equations Having Traveling Wave and Soliton Solutions
Authors: Humberto Salas Salas Alvaro
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding traveling wave solutions to the generalized seventh-order KdV equation (KdV7). Solitons are non-linear waves that exhibit extremely unexpected and interesting behavior—solitary waves that propagate without deformation. We use different approaches in order to find one and multisoliton solutions. Soliton travels through liquid, solid, and gaseous media and even as electron waves through an electromagnetic field. Making use of a traveling wave transformation, we obtain a non-linear ode, which is solved using either hyperbolic or elliptic algorithm. We also use the Hirota method to get the bilinear form, and then we may obtain multisoliton solutions. In the end, we consider the forced KdV7.
On the Need to Increase the Design Load and Adoption of a Uniform Service Load for Bridges in Europe
Authors: Rymsza Janusz
Published: May 2024

Since 2010, the same standard has been used in EU countries, which includes design load models for road bridges. However, some countries have adopted load factor values other than those recommended in the standard, which has resulted in large differences in the design load of bridges, including bridges located on trans-European network routes. In addition, the standard design load is close to that of a column of actual heavy vehicles when congestion occurs on a bridge. This chapter proposes the adoption of a uniform increased design load for bridges, guaranteeing the safe transfer of European traffic. Currently, vehicle traffic on the trans-European road network traverses thousands of bridges designed to different and outdated load standards. The future of these bridges depends on what load is adopted when checking their service load capacity. This chapter proposes adopting a service load based on the characteristics of the vehicles allowed on European roads.
Role of phytochemicals in management of schizophrenia
Authors: Perveen Shazia , Kanwal Sumaria , S. Alqahtani Ali , Rao Faiza , Asghar Ayesha , Irfan Ali , Ahmad Khan Mahtab , Ullah Riaz
Published: May 2024

Bioactive substances derived from plants, created by them for defense, are known as phytochemicals. Alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenes and terpenoids, phytosterols, cannabinoids and carotenoids are the different categories of phytochemicals. Schizophrenia is associated with changes in the structure of the brain, decrease of dendritic spines from pyramidal neurons in the cortex, loss of gray matter and enlarged ventricles. Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior and amotivation are some symptoms of schizophrenia. Phytochemicals are a key component of the management of schizophrenia. Alkaloids can operate as cholinergic agonists on muscarinic receptors and improve memory deficits. Glycosides target ErbB signaling, inhibit D3/D4 receptors and change dopamine and serotonin metabolism. Because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, polyphenols display neuroprotective and anti-schizophrenic activity. Terpenes and terpenoids act on the glutamate and dopamine pathways and inhibit glycinergic action. Cannabinoids have an anti-schizophrenic effect plus boost GABAergic activity and prevent serotonin uptake. Phytosterols have antipsychotic potential by blocking ketamine-induced biochemical, histological and behavioral changes. Because they regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), carotenoids show significant potential for treating a variety of central nervous system problems. They are also an excellent antipsychotic medication.
Health Promotion Through Advanced Physical Activity Programs for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lotan Meir , Romano Alberto
Published: May 2024

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) present multiple co-morbidities within the medical, physiological, and mental areas, thereby putting them at an increased risk for a variety of illnesses. Moreover, many of them are living a life of inactivity, thereby worsening their health condition. Many researchers have identified a clear relationship between physical fitness and wellness. This chapter will describe the poor physical condition of individuals with IDD and will suggest some intervention possibilities, focusing on motivational factors and integration into the person’s daily living routines. While some physical activity possibilities are free and can be found online, other more advanced tools for promoting an active lifestyle can be implemented with this group of people. The present chapter will suggest research-based effective strategies to enhance the physical activity of people with IDD through remote activity intervention programs, virtual reality training, and personally adapted simple training applications.
Gamification in Real-World Applications: Interactive Maps and Augmented Reality
Authors: Predescu Alexandru , Mocanu Mariana
Published: May 2024

This chapter delves into the dynamic realm of gamification applied to real-world scenarios, with a specific focus on the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) and augmented reality (AR). By examining case studies and current research, the potential of combining game design principles with interactive technologies is shown to create immersive and interactive experiences that enhance user engagement in complex problems across various domains such as education, health, and smart government. The large-scale adoption of interactive technologies underscores the importance of ethical considerations, inclusivity, and the potential for these technologies to foster a more connected and informed society. The chapter aims to inspire further research and practical applications in the field, focusing on the transformative power of combining gamification with GIS and AR in real-world settings.
Connecting Smiles: Bridging Gaps in Oral Health Access with Teledentistry
Authors: Thakkar Radhika , Karre Shivani , Jahagirdar Abhishek , Swatantramath Sunaina , Ravipati Vikranth , Parmar Digvijaysinh , V. Pimpale Jitesh
Published: May 2024

This chapter “Bridging Gaps in Oral Health Access with Teledentistry” delves into the ways that teledentistry may be used to address oral health disparities amongst vulnerable populations, including elderly residents of nursing homes and patients with special needs. Teledentistry represents a revolutionary change with its integration of digital imaging, remote consultations, and advanced technology particularly for patients with complex medical history. The chapter also highlights examples of implementation of teledentistry at the global level. Furthermore, the chapter outlines the inevitable challenges, such as technology constraints, regulatory impediments, acceptability concerns, and geographic obstacles. Strategies for overcoming these challenges are put forth, emphasising teamwork, with a focus on enhanced regulatory structures and continuing training for dental practitioners to implement new technology. In order to satisfy the specific needs of these vulnerable populations, customised teledentistry focused on patient-centric approach is crucial. Looking ahead, the chapter describes future direction for growth, importance of collaborative approach, possible developments in technology and emphasises how important it is to carry out further research and work together. This chapter functions as a comprehensive guide, in reducing disparities in oral health amongst the underprivileged with the inclusion of teledentistry.
Ultrashort-pulse burst-mode materials processing and laser surgery
Authors: S. Marjoribanks Robin , Tang Jinseng , Dzelzainis Thomas , Prickaerts Melissa , Lilge Lothar , Akens Margarete , Veevers Colin , N. Gharabaghi Nick , Hitzler Andreas , Yavas Seydi , Görkem Karamuk Sohret
Published: May 2024

Laser processing of materials and biological tissues has evolved in stages, ever since the earliest use of the laser for gross deposition of heat and for ablation. For instance, wavelength specificity was an early development that facilitated the treatment of certain biological tissues, while leaving others relatively unaffected. Ultrashort-pulse material ablation escapes the usual paradigm of heat diffusion because of the comparisons of scales: A rarefaction wave can cut through the thin layer of femtosecond-laser-heated material and carry away the absorbed energy before much heat can diffuse into the substrate. Burst-mode femtosecond laser ablation brings yet another paradigm, in which the laser fluence is divided over two disparate timescales: the ultrashort duration of a pulse and the microsecond-scale duration of a burst. This division of timescales opens new avenues for control, because much of the governing physics is about the comparison of timescales—for instance, the timescale of thermalization of heated electrons into the substrate lattice or the timescale of hydrodynamic ablation. Applications to fused silica, to in vitro cell-cultures prepared in hydrogels, and to ex vivo articular cartilage help to show what is different in the science of ultrashort-pulse burst-mode laser processing.
Perspective Chapter: AUKUS Pillar 2 – Technology, Interoperability, and Advanced Capabilities in the Evolving Trilateral Security Partnership
Authors: J. Dolan Chris
Published: May 2024

The Australia-United Kingdom-United States (AUKUS) partnership is more than an agreement on nuclear propulsion submarines. In Pillar 2 of the agreement, AUKUS serves as an advanced technological accelerator premised on strategic collaboration, interoperability, and integration in the Indo-Pacific. Pillar 2 prioritizes advanced technologies and defense industrial capabilities in the trilateral partnership’s strategic competition with China. This perspective chapter unpacks eight functional areas that comprise Pillar 2: hypersonic missiles and long-range weapons, artificial intelligence, undersea capabilities, advanced cybersecurity, quantum technologies, autonomous weapon systems, information sharing, and innovation. Measures of success are determined by AUKUS partners applying these to balance China. However, bureaucratic impediments and export controls, protecting information, intelligence, and communications, and future expansion of AUKUS challenge the trilateral partnership. However, AUKUS Pillar 2 has strong potential to strengthen interoperability and build confidence and trust in innovative solutions to emerging threats. Pillar 2 represents a new form of alliance-building with its focus on technological innovation and information sharing, flexibility, integration, and interoperability. The perspective in this chapter is that AUKUS is a strategically significant alliance that furthers collaboration, integration, and interoperability in advanced defense technologies and capabilities in deterring China and projecting international order.
Perspective Chapter: Post Offices and National Security during War
Authors: Syed Gowhor Hussain
Published: May 2024

National security in the digital and information age may be jeopardized if a war breaks out internationally. At first, enemy countries may conduct air raids and hacking operations to destabilize and destroy all the electronic media of communication through bombardment and cyberattacks. In that case, a government must have a backup physical medium of communication to maintain not only communication within the government but also civilian communication. During this era of modern information and communication technology, the roles of post offices are redefined in the light of their roles during past wars in terms of building a more resilient society during modern warfare, which requires an assessment of the current level of readiness, adaptability and flexibility of the military to run the postal organization during war. Last but not the least, the article provides different case studies of postal operations during different wars. This article will refresh the knowledge of postal operations during wartime among postal as well as military officials.
Cyber Orbits: The Digital Revolution of Space Security
Authors: Botezatu Ulpia-Elena , Vevera Adrian-Victor
Published: May 2024

This chapter navigates the intricate landscape of space security in the digital age, exploring the interplay between cybersecurity and the protection of outer space assets. In light of our ever-growing dependence on digital technology and the global exchange of information, traditional concepts of national and global security are experiencing a fundamental evolution. The chapter’s exploration spans from dissecting the concept of national security in the digital age to investigating how global digital dialogs profoundly shape space security. It sheds light on the critical convergence of cyber threats and space security, underscoring the vulnerabilities found in outer space infrastructure. Insightful scrutiny of information warfare within the context of space, ethical considerations surrounding digital surveillance practices, and the collaborative engagement of various stakeholders are thoroughly examined. Ultimately, the chapter advocates for a post-structuralist approach to comprehensively grasp and effectively confront the multifaceted challenges arising in this swiftly evolving domain.