bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Descriptions
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview over the 18 families still participating at the end of the study. We briefly summarise each family’s situation as it developed over the years. With regard to the relevant selection criteria (see Chapter 4), our focus is on the socio-economic situation of each family, with particular attention to income, job situation, housing situation, formal education (of parents), family constellation (nuclear family, patchwork family, single-parent households, extended families, migration background etc.). The summaries illustrate each family’s experience over this period, especially with regard to their socio-economic and socio-emotional development. We also include information about the particular children we interviewed and about their ages in each wave of interviews with the respective families (2005, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016), including the final callback interview (2017).
Socialisation in Different Socialisation Contexts
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the core aspects of the longitudinal study over nearly twelve years: the dynamic development of the children and their media repertoires, on the one hand, and the role of different contexts of socialisation, such as parents, siblings, relatives and friends of the family on the other hand. Very relevant factors here are kindergartens, schools, assisted living communities, peers in general, the children’s friends and, later, apprenticeships—sometimes with residence in hostels—and romantic involvements. In addition, we noted (sports)clubs and, last but not least, the role of politics and society as important. They all affect the children in different ways at various stages of their personal development. Against this background, the chapter sheds light on the variety of ways in which both children and parents incorporate media (“established” as well as “new” media), into their everyday lives.
The Interplay Between Family and Media as Socialisation Contexts: Parents’ Mediation Practices
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip
Published: January 2019

This chapter sheds light on how, over an extended period, the parents of the longitudinal study mediated the children’s use of the media. We discuss this from two angles: on the one hand, with respect to both the children’s age and their media usage and, on the other hand, with respect to changing conditions in the families’ everyday lives. After that, we discuss what we term the “practices of mediation” observed in the study, how they differ and how they are related to options for action, outlines for action and competences for action.
Discussion and Conclusion
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip
Published: January 2019

This final chapter aims to summarise our project, as presented above, by explicating its scope, limitations and benefits, as well as setting out its potential. Based on the results of the longitudinal study, we discuss how appreciating the complex interplay of factors shaping the lives of children as they grow up can help policy makers and stakeholders to develop more individualised approaches to supporting and encouraging children and their families. Furthermore, we wish to stress that our findings do not reflect circumstances peculiar to the Austrian context: within our theoretical framework, we interpret them as empirical evidence demonstrating how existing conditions, patterns of doing family and individual factors shape socialisation processes. A range of contexts interacts with individual factors, but not in a manner peculiar to one region. Such interaction indicates a general pattern that is widely relevant to understanding socialisation within mediatised societies.
Probing the pre-BBN universe with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
Authors: Cui Yanou , Lewicki Marek , Morrissey David E. , Wells James D.
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Many motivated extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of cosmic strings. Gravitational waves originating from the dynamics of the resulting cosmic string network have the ability to probe many otherwise inaccessible properties of the early universe. In this study we show how the spectrum of gravitational waves from a cosmic string network can be used to test the equation of state of the early universe prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). We also demonstrate that current and planned gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, LISA, DECIGO/BBO, and ET/CE have the potential to detect signals of a non-standard pre-BBN equation of state and evolution of the early universe (e.g., early non-standard matter domination or kination domination) or new degrees of freedom active in the early universe beyond the sensitivity of terrestrial collider experiments and cosmic microwave background measurements.
A conditional limit theorem for high-dimensional ℓᵖ-spheres
Authors: Kim Steven S. , Ramanan Kavita
Published: January 2019

The study of high-dimensional distributions is of interest in probability theory, statistics, and asymptotic convex geometry, where the object of interest is the uniform distribution on a convex set in high dimensions. The ℓp-spaces and norms are of particular interest in this setting. In this paper we establish a limit theorem for distributions on ℓp-spheres, conditioned on a rare event, in a high-dimensional geometric setting. As part of our proof, we establish a certain large deviation principle that is also relevant to the study of the tail behavior of random projections of ℓp-balls in a high-dimensional Euclidean space.
Multi-point correlations for two-dimensional coalescing or annihilating random walks
Authors: Lukins James , Tribe Roger , Zaboronski Oleg
Published: January 2019

In this paper we consider an infinite system of instantaneously coalescing rate 1 simple symmetric random walks on ℤ2, started from the initial condition with all sites in ℤ2 occupied. Two-dimensional coalescing random walks are a `critical' model of interacting particle systems: unlike coalescence models in dimension three or higher, the fluctuation effects are important for the description of large-time statistics in two dimensions, manifesting themselves through the logarithmic corrections to the `mean field' answers. Yet the fluctuation effects are not as strong as for the one-dimensional coalescence, in which case the fluctuation effects modify the large time statistics at the leading order. Unfortunately, unlike its one-dimensional counterpart, the two-dimensional model is not exactly solvable, which explains a relative scarcity of rigorous analytic answers for the statistics of fluctuations at large times. Our contribution is to find, for any N≥2, the leading asymptotics for the correlation functions ρN(x1,…,xN) as t→∞. This generalises the results for N=1 due to Bramson and Griffeath (1980) and confirms a prediction in the physics literature for N>1. An analogous statement holds for instantaneously annihilating random walks. The key tools are the known asymptotic ρ1(t)∼logt∕πt due to Bramson and Griffeath (1980), and the noncollision probability 𝒑NC(t), that no pair of a finite collection of N two-dimensional simple random walks meets by time t, whose asymptotic 𝒑NC(t)∼c0(logt)-(N2) was found by Cox et al. (2010). We re-derive the asymptotics, and establish new error bounds, both for ρ1(t) and 𝒑NC(t) by proving that these quantities satisfy effective rate equations; that is, approximate differential equations at large times. This approach can be regarded as a generalisation of the Smoluchowski theory of renormalised rate equations to multi-point statistics.
THE SOCIAL, PERSONAL, AND SPIRITUAL DYNAMICS OF GHOST STORIES IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: SANGHA LAURA
Published: January 2019

In early modern England, spectral figures were regular visitors to the world of the living and a vibrant variety of beliefs and expectations clustered around these questionable shapes. Yet whilst historians have established the importance of ghosts as cultural resources that were used to articulate a range of contemporary concerns about worldly life, we know less about the social and personal dynamics that underpinned the telling, recording, and circulation of ghost stories at the time. This article therefore focuses on a unique set of manuscript sources relating to apparitions in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England to uncover a different vantage point. Drawing on the life-writing and correspondence of the antiquarian who collected the narratives, it lays bare concerns about familial relations and gender that ghost stories were bound up with. Tracing the way that belief in ghosts functioned at an individual level also allows the recovery of the personal religious sensibilities and spiritual imperatives that sustained and nourished continuing belief in ghosts. This subjective angle demonstrates that ghost stories were closely intertwined with processes of grieving and remembering the dead, and they continued to be associated with theological understandings of the afterlife and the fate of the soul.
Short‐Term Phytoplankton Dynamics During Typhoon Season in and Near the Pearl River Estuary, South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Dajun , Zhong Yu , Chen Yongqiang , Tan Yehui , Song Xingyu , Huang Liangmin
Published: January 2019

The effect on phytoplankton dynamics of nutrient inputs from rivers within the highly eutrophic Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in China is well understood. However, the role that typhoons play in enhancing or reducing phytoplankton blooms is less well known. The primary factors controlling phytoplankton dynamics in the PRE in June–July 2009 were determined by coupling satellite remote sensing data with field observations during two successive typhoons: Nangka and Soudelor. The results revealed that the magnitude of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl) near the PRE was controlled by several key factors. (1) Vertical mixing of seawater induced by Typhoons Nangka and Soudelor led to a sudden decrease in Chl and phytoplankton abundance near the PRE, especially in picophytoplankton. (2) Following the typhoon events, increased nutrient availability associated with significant freshwater runoff promoted phytoplankton (especially Synechococcus) growth, recovery, and blooms in and near the PRE. (3) Increased freshwater input or easterly winds enhanced the extension of highly abundant phytoplankton with brackish water from the estuary into the adjacent nearshore water. (4) Phycocyanin‐rich Synechococcus was endemic and a dominant picophytoplankton group in the estuarial brackish water. We propose a mechanism that describes the interactions of vertical mixing, terrestrial precipitation, freshwater discharge, nutrient inputs, and winds on short‐term phytoplankton dynamics in and near the PRE during typhoon season.
Late relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): clonal evolution or therapy-related leukemia?
Authors: Yilmaz Musa , Wang Feng , Loghavi Sanam , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Gumbs Curtis , Little Latasha , Song Xingzhi , Zhang Jianhua , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop , Futreal Andrew , Takahashi Koichi , Ravandi Farhad
Published: January 2019

Late relapse, defined as relapse arising after at least 5 years of remission, is rare and occurs in 1–3% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanisms of late relapse remain poorly understood. We identified patients with AML who achieved remission with standard induction chemotherapy and relapsed after at least five years of remission (n = 15). Whole exome sequencing was performed in available bone marrow samples obtained at diagnosis (n = 10), remission (n = 6), and first relapse (n = 10). A total of 41 driver mutations were identified, of which 11 were primary tumor-specific, 17 relapse-specific, and 13 shared (detected both in primary and relapsed tumor samples). We demonstrated that 12 of 13 shared mutations were in epigenetic modifier and spliceosome genes. Longitudinal genomic characterization revealed that in eight of 10 patients the founder leukemic clone persisted after chemotherapy and established the basis of relapse years later. Understanding the mechanisms of such quiescence in leukemic cells may help designing future strategies aimed at increasing remission duration in patients with AML.
The role of a semi-automated NanoVelcro system in capturing circulating tumor cells and evaluating their prognostic value for gestational choriocarcinoma
Authors: Hou Minzhi , Zheng Yongjiang , Ding Zhiming , He Shanyang , Xu Manman , Chen Xinlin , Zhang Hui , Zeng Chao , Sun Cong , Jiang Wenting , Wang Han , Shen Hongwei , Zhang Yang , Liu Jing , Sun Shijun , Jiang Neng , Cui Yongmei , Sun Yu , Chen Yangshan , Cao Jessica , Wang Chunlin , Li Mengzhen , Zhang Yi , Wang Jianhong , Lin Millicent , Ke Zunfu
Published: January 2019

Clinical application of CTC in gestational choriocarcinoma.
Conductive elastomer composites for fully polymeric, flexible bioelectronics
Authors: Cuttaz Estelle , Goding Josef , Vallejo-Giraldo Catalina , Aregueta-Robles Ulises , Lovell Nigel , Ghezzi Diego , Green Rylie A.
Published: January 2019

Soft, flexible and stretchable conductive elastomers made of polyurethane and PEDOT:PSS blends were fabricated into fully polymeric implantable bioelectrode arrays.
A simple matrine derivative for the facile syntheses of mesoporous zeolites ITQ-37 and ITQ-43
Authors: Zhang Chuanqi , Li Xu , Li Xinzhu , Hu Jibo , Zhu Liangkui , Li Yan , Jiang Jiuxing , Wang Zhendong , Yang Weimin
Published: January 2019

Matrine extracted from Sophora flavescens can be simply modified to afford a novel OSDA for the syntheses of mesoporous zeolites.
A targetable fluorescent probe for dSTORM super-resolution imaging of live cell nucleus DNA
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Ye Zhiwei , Zhang Xinfu , Man Huizi , Huang Zhenlong , Li Ning , Xiao Yi
Published: January 2019

HoeSR, a nucleus specific probe for dSTORM super-resolution imaging of nucleus DNA in live cells, was designed by conjugating a rhodamine fluorophore and a Hoechst tag.
Benzobis(imidazolium) salts as templates for the self-assembly of starburst [24]pseudorotaxanes and their corresponding carbene-based classic [22]pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Foster Mathew W. , Mehl Benjamin T. , Treadwell Edward M. , Semeniuc Radu F. , Wheeler Kraig A.
Published: January 2019

Starburst [24]pseudorotaxanes and classic [22]pseudorotaxanes were prepared from benzobis(imidazolium) salts and their carbene derivatives, respectively.
From nano-emulsions to phase separation: evidence of nano-segregation in (alkane + perfluoroalkane) mixtures using 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Morgado Pedro , Martins Luís F. G. , Filipe Eduardo J. M.
Published: January 2019

In this work we demonstrate that mixtures of (hexane + perfluorohexane) above the upper critical solution temperature segregate by forming domains at the nanometric scale.
Tuning the oscillatory dynamics of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction using ruthenium nanoparticle decorated graphene
Authors: Prasanna Kumar D. Jaya , Verma Sachin , Jasuja Kabeer , Dayal Pratyush
Published: January 2019

Ruthenium nanoparticle decorated graphene nano-mats to enhance chemical oscillations in BZ reactions.
Atomistic insights into the dynamics of binary collisions between gaseous molecules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dimers
Authors: Mao Qian , Zhou Juan , Luo Kai H. , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: January 2019

The scattering mechanism of gaseous molecules on PAH dimers and their stability after collisions are investigated for the first time.
The band structure and optical absorption of hematite (α-Fe2O3): a first-principles GW-BSE study
Authors: Piccinin Simone
Published: January 2019

Using Bethe–Salpeter calculations we show that the onset of optical absorption in hematite is due to ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations.
Acid-tolerant intermetallic cobalt–nickel silicides as noble metal-like catalysts for selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Chen Xiao , Chen Yujing , Peng Zhijian , Liang Changhai
Published: January 2019

Intermetallic Co–Ni silicide catalyst embedded in a carbon matrix with a unique synergistic effect exhibits excellent activity, selectivity, and acid corrosion resistance in hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide, which matches noble metal catalysts.
Pyridine-grafted Cr-based metal–organic frameworks for adsorption and removal of microcystin-LR from aqueous solution
Authors: Wei Yu , Xia Yan
Published: January 2019

A Cr-based metal–organic framework grafted with pyridine was named MIL-101(Cr)-Py, and was used to adsorb microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution.
Graphene oxide prevents mycobacteria entry into macrophages through extracellular entrapment
Authors: De Maio Flavio , Palmieri Valentina , Salustri Alessandro , Perini Giordano , Sanguinetti Maurizio , De Spirito Marco , Delogu Giovanni , Papi Massimiliano
Published: January 2019

GO trapping reduces mycobacteria entry in macrophages when the bacilli are in the external environment: a possible therapeutic strategy for tuberculosis.
Facile preparation of graphitic-C3N4 quantum dots for application in two-photon imaging
Authors: Yang Lingyan , Wu Xiaoxia , Luo Liang , Liu Yong , Wang Fu
Published: January 2019

A novel one-step method for the preparation of g-C3N4 QDs for effective two-photon imaging.
Molecular dynamics simulation of protein-mediated biomineralization of amorphous calcium carbonate
Authors: Rani R. Sandya , Saharay Moumita
Published: January 2019

The protein-mediated biomineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in living organisms is primarily governed by critical interactions between the charged amino acids of the protein, solvent, calcium (Ca2+) and carbonate (CO32−) ions.
Phenylboronic acid derivative-modified (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotube probes for detecting glucose and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Qiao Yunfan , Zhao Rushi , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongyang , Wang Yuerong , Hu Ping
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we presented a new method for constructing near-infrared fluorescence probes and their applications in detecting glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Al2O3-coated Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 nanotubes as cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Yangwen , Wang Xinchang , Zhang Jiajia , Chen Baiyuan , Xu Junmin , Zhang Sen , Zhang Liwei
Published: January 2019

Li-rich manganese-based layered cathode Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 (LMNCO) nanotubes are synthesized by electrospinning and surface coated with different amounts of amorphous Al2O3.
“Pushing and pulling” the equilibrium through bubble mediated reactive separation for ethyl acetate production
Authors: Javed Fahed , Shamair Zufishan , Ali Shahzad , Ahmad Naveed , Hafeez Ainy , Fazal Tahir , Saif Ur Rehman Muhammad , Zimmerman William B. , Rehman Fahad
Published: January 2019

The alcohol is fed as vapor within the bubbles which means alcohol is always in deficit, providing an opportunity to convert an equilibrium limited reaction to nearly irreversible one.
Light emission enhancement by supramolecular complexation of chemiluminescence probes designed for bioimaging
Authors: Gnaim Samer , Scomparin Anna , Eldar-Boock Anat , Bauer Christoph R. , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Shabat Doron
Published: January 2019

Chemiluminescence offers advantages over fluorescence for bioimaging, since an external light source is unnecessary with chemiluminescent agents.
Recent developments in electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yan-Song , Duan Shu-Yi , Sun Yong-Gang , Bin De-Shan , Tao Xian-Sen , Zhang Dong , Liu Yuan , Cao An-Min , Wan Li-Jun
Published: January 2019

Due to their abundant resources and potential price advantage, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have recently drawn increasing attention as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for their applications in electrochemical energy storage applications.
New understanding of crystal control and facet selectivity of titanium dioxide ruling photocatalytic performance
Authors: Butburee Teera , Kotchasarn Papasara , Hirunsit Pussana , Sun Zhuxing , Tang Qijun , Khemthong Pongthanawat , Sangkhun Weradesh , Thongsuwan Wiradej , Kumnorkaew Pisist , Wang Haiqiang , Faungnawakij Kajornsak
Published: January 2019

TiO2 with arbitrarily tunable facets is directly grown onto the conductive substrate. H+ promotes the growth of the high energy {001} facet rather than F−.
Bioinspired pomegranate-like microflowers confining core-shell binary NixSy nanobeads for efficient supercapacitors exhibiting a durable lifespan exceeding 100 000 cycles
Authors: Yang Cheng , Shi Minjie , Tian Yuyu , Yang Jun , Song Xuefeng , Zhao Liping , Liu Jing , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: January 2019

Pomegranate-like microflowers with core–shell binary NixSy nanobeads confined in compartment are presented, providing an ultralong lifespan for SCs.
Probing ring-opening pathways for efficient photocatalytic toluene decomposition
Authors: Li Jieyuan , Dong Xing'an , Zhang Guan , Cui Wen , Cen Wanglai , Wu Zhongbiao , Lee S. C. , Dong Fan
Published: January 2019

The alternative charge arrangement on the {010} facet of BiOCl facilitates benzyl oxidation and selectivity for benzoic acid ring-opening reactions, subsequently resulting in remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency.
A hybrid energy storage mechanism of carbonous anodes harvesting superior rate capability and long cycle life for sodium/potassium storage
Authors: Qin Jian , Kheimeh Sari Hirbod Maleki , He Chunnian , Li Xifei
Published: January 2019

N-Doped interconnected carbon spheres were fabricated to investigate the difference between sodium and potassium storage mechanisms.
Global performance evaluation of solar cells using two models: from charge-transfer and recombination mechanisms to photoelectric properties
Authors: Ren Penghui , Sun Chaofan , Shi Ying , Song Peng , Yang Yanhui , Li Yuanzuo
Published: January 2019

I–V curves of CA2 and CA3 were drawn using experimental data, a developed normal model and a theoretical normal model.
Structural design of new Ce3+/Eu2+-doped or co-doped phosphors with excellent thermal stabilities for WLEDs
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Ding Jianyan , Wang Yichao , Zhou Xufeng , Cao Yaxin , Ma Bo , Li Junyi , Wang Xicheng , Seto Takatoshi , Zhao Zhengyan
Published: January 2019

This review investigates the thermal behaviors of phosphors and summarizes phosphors with excellent thermal stabilities.
Density-functional theory calculations, luminescence properties and fluorescence ratiometric thermo-sensitivity for a novel borate based red phosphor: NaBaSc(BO3)2:Ce3+,Mn2+
Authors: Geng Wanying , Zhou Xufeng , Ding Jianyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: January 2019

Formation energy, electronic structure and fluorescence ratiometric thermo-sensitive study of a novel red emitting phosphor NaBaSc(BO3)2:Ce3+,Mn2+.
Exploiting synergy between ligand design and counterion interactions to boost room temperature phosphorescence from Cu(i) compounds
Authors: Mondal Rajarshi , Lozada Issiah B. , Davis Rebecca L. , Williams J. A. Gareth , Herbert David E.
Published: January 2019

Turn it up! Inter-ion interactions and ligand design can synergistically boost emission from Cu(i) complexes, tuning from orange to yellow.
Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters
Authors: Strazzullo V. , Pannella M. , Mohr J. J. , Saro A. , Ashby M. L. N. , Bayliss M. B. , Bocquet S. , Bulbul E. , Khullar G. , Mantz A. B. , Stanford S. A. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Brodwin M. , Canning R. E. A. , Capasso R. , Chiu I. , Gonzalez A. H. , Gupta N. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Klein M. , McDonald M. , Noordeh E. , Rapetti D. , Reichardt C. L. , Schrabback T. , Sharon K. , Stalder B.
Published: January 2019

We present the first results from a galaxy population study in the highest redshift galaxy clusters identified in the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect (SPT-SZ) survey, which is sensitive to M500 ≳ 3 × 1014 M⊙ clusters from z ∼ 0.2 out to the highest redshifts where such massive structures exist. The cluster selection is to first order independent of galaxy properties, making the SPT-SZ sample particularly well suited for cluster galaxy population studies. We carried out a four-band imaging campaign with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes of the five z ≳ 1.4, S/NSZE >  5 clusters, that are among the rarest most massive clusters known at this redshift. All five clusters show clear overdensities of red galaxies whose colors agree with the initial cluster redshift estimates, although one (SPT-CLJ0607–4448) shows a galaxy concentration much less prominent than the others. The highest redshift cluster in this sample, SPT-CLJ0459–4947 at z ∼ 1.72, is the most distant M500 >  1014 M⊙ cluster discovered thus far through its intracluster medium, and is one of only three known clusters in this mass range at z ≳ 1.7, regardless of selection. Based on UVJ-like photometric classification of quiescent and star-forming galaxies, we find that the quiescent fraction in the cluster central regions (r/r500 <  0.7) is higher than in the field at the same redshift, with corresponding environmental quenching efficiencies typically in the range ∼0.5 − 0.8 for stellar masses log(M/M⊙) > 10.85. We have explored the impact of emission from star formation on the selection of this sample, concluding that all five clusters studied here would still have been detected with S/NSZE> 5, even if they had the same quiescent fraction as measured in the field. Our results thus point towards an efficient suppression of star formation in the central regions of the most massive clusters, occurring already earlier than z ∼ 1.5.
Broadband microwave metamaterial absorber with lumped resistor loading
Authors: Chen Ke , Luo Xinyao , Ding Guowen , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun , Jiang Tian
Published: January 2019

Narrow absorption bandwidth has been a fundamental drawback hindering many metamaterial absorbers for practical applications. In this paper, by loading lumped resistors, we have successfully designed a microwave metamaterial absorber with multioctave wide absorption bandwidth covering the entire X- and Ku-bands, while keeping the thickness of the absorber less than 1/10 of the working wavelength. The polarization-insensitive absorber shows a good angular stability for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) incidences. Prototype has been fabricated and measured to validate the design principle and the simulated results, and good agreements are observed between simulated and measured results. The proposed metamaterial absorber offers an efficient way to realize broadband microwave absorption with stable angular performance, which may find potential uses in many applications, for example, electromagnetic compatibility.
A Review on Variational Mode Decomposition for Rotating Machinery Diagnosis
Authors: Isham M. Firdaus , Leong M. Salman , Lim M. H. , Zakaria M. K.
Published: January 2019

Signal processing method is very important in most diagnosis approach for rotating machinery due to non-linearity, non-stationary and noise signals. Recently, a new adaptive signal decomposition method has been proposed by Dragomiretskiy and Zosso known as variational mode decomposition (VMD). The VMD method has merit in solving mode mixing problem in most conventional signal decomposition method. This paper aims to review the applications of the VMD method in rotating machinery diagnosis. The advantages and limitations of the VMD method are discussed. Current solution on VMD limitation also have been review and discussed. Lastly, the future research suggestion has been pointed out in order to enhance the performance of the VMD method on rotating machinery diagnosis.
Streambank Erosion Prediction for Natural Channel using Artificial Neural Network Autoregressive Exogenous (ANNARX) Model
Authors: Azlinda Saadon , Junaidah Ariffin
Published: January 2019

This study aims to develop a streambank erosion prediction model using Artificial Neural Network Autoregressive Exogenous (ANNARX) for natural channels. ANNARX is one type of ANN models and it is a supervised network that trains spasmodic data sets. Field data of 494 data extracted from two (2) rivers in Selangor, namely Sg. Bernam and Sg. Lui were used in the training and testing phases. Total of eleven (11) independent variables are used as input variables in the input layer and the ratio between erosion rates, ? to the near-bank velocity, Ub as the output variable. The functional relationships were derived using Buckingham Pi Theorem in the dimensional analysis. A supervised learning technique was employed and the target output is streambank erosion rates, ?b. The established models were validated to assess their performances in predicting the rates of streambank erosion using 176 data. Validation of the newly developed streambank erosion rates equation has been conducted using data obtained from this study. The performance of the derived model was tested using discrepancy ratio and graphical analysis. Discrepancy ratio (DR) is the ratio of predicted values to the measured values and these values are deemed accurate if the data lie between 0.5 to 2.0 limit. Total of 8 models have been developed in the predictive model. Analysis confirmed that models developed using ANNARX are capable to achieve coefficient correlations (r-squared) values above 0.9 and successfully predict the measured data at accuracy above 90%.
Designing and Measuring the Hot-Embossing Machine with Hybrid Positioning Functions
Authors: Wu Cheng-Hsien , Chiu Cheng-Hao
Published: January 2019

The demands of the ability of industrial automotive production are rising. The precision positioning is the most important among the manufacturing and measuring. Molds might result in making equipment deviations via poor accuracies on mass production because of the poor design and front processing. It influences the qualities of products, or damages the mold themselves. Based on the Hot-Embossing process, the study designed a set including the Hot-Embossing machine with platform for positioning system holding the mold. The positioning and adjusting function, with X, Y, C axis, separates the Hot-Embossing machine from the traditional one. Taken smart phone case as the experimental designed concept and verified the pressing molds with the final thickness with the before and after correction for lengths, wide, and the error values of horizontal symmetry to investigate the accuracies of positioning capability. Then, verifying the Hot-Embossing machine from reconstruction of the product.
Optimization of detected optical intensity for measurement of diffuse correlation spectroscopy: Intralipid phantom study
Authors: Wang Detian , Gao Peng , Zhu Liguo , Peng Qixian , Li Zeren , Zhao Jianheng
Published: January 2019

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) has recently been employed for noninvasive acquisition of blood flow information in deep tissues. In this study, we build a new DCS device based on software correlator. Through the intralipid phantom experiment, we obtained the quantitative relationship between the noise of detected optical intensity and the measurement error of Brownian diffusion coefficient. First, the quantitative influences of background noise and correction factor of detectors on actual beta are developed. Second, the intralipid phantom experiments show that the bigger deviation of actual beta to ideal value will result in the more measurement error of Brownian diffusion coefficient. The background noise and correction factor will lead to the deviation of actual beta to ideal value. The best situation to measure Brownian diffusion coefficient is that actual beta should be larger than 0.4 which requests the detected optical intensity by detector larger than 10 times of background noise and smaller than about 3000kcps. Moreover, our result show the collecting ability of optical intensity of probe is related to type of detecting fiber itself other than the lens coupling on it. In conclusion, we report a new DCS device based on the software correlator and show how the noise of detected optical intensity affects the DCS measurement.
Inhomogeneities and caustics in the sedimentation of noninertial particles in incompressible flows
Authors: Drótos Gábor , Monroy Pedro , Hernández-García Emilio , López Cristóbal
Published: January 2019

In an incompressible flow, fluid density remains invariant along fluid element trajectories. This implies that the spatial distribution of non-interacting noninertial particles in such flows cannot develop density inhomogeneities beyond those that are already introduced in the initial condition. However, in certain practical situations, density is measured or accumulated on (hyper-) surfaces of dimensionality lower than the full dimensionality of the flow in which the particles move. An example is the observation of particle distributions sedimented on the floor of the ocean. In such cases, even if the initial distribution of noninertial particles is uniform but its support is finite, advection in an incompressible flow will give rise to inhomogeneities in the observed density. In this paper, we analytically derive, in the framework of an initially homogeneous particle sheet sedimenting toward a bottom surface, the relationship between the geometry of the flow and the emerging distribution. From a physical point of view, we identify the two processes that generate inhomogeneities to be the stretching within the sheet and the projection of the deformed sheet onto the target surface. We point out that an extreme form of inhomogeneity, caustics, can develop for sheets. We exemplify our geometrical results with simulations of particle advection in a simple kinematic flow, study the dependence on various parameters involved, and illustrate that the basic mechanisms work similarly if the initial (homogeneous) distribution occupies a more general region of finite extension rather than a sheet.
Impact of thermal radiation on electrical MHD rotating flow of Carbon nanotubes over a stretching sheet
Authors: Shah Zahir , Bonyah Ebenezer , Islam Saeed , Gul Taza
Published: January 2019

The main objective of this article is to study the inventive conception of the electrical Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) rotational flow of Single and Multi-Walled Carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs/MWCNTs) base on the fluids (water, engine oil, ethylene glycol and kerosene oil). The thermal radiation impact is taken to be varying the purpose, to see the concentration as well as the temperature modifications between the nanofluid and the surfaces. Kerosene oil is taken as based nanofluids because of its unique attention due to their advanced thermal conductivities, exclusive features and applications. The fluid flow is assumed in steady state. The basic Navier Stocks equations have been transformed through similarity variables in the form of nonlinear differential equations. The solution of the problem has been obtained through Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Results obtained for single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are compared. Plots have been presented in order to examine how the velocities and temperature profile get affected by various flow parameters. The numerical outputs of the physical properties are shown trough tables. The impact of Skin fraction coefficient and Nusselt number are shown in tables.
Outlier classification using autoencoders: Application for fluctuation driven flows in fusion plasmas
Authors: Kube R. , Bianchi F. M. , Brunner D. , LaBombard B.
Published: January 2019

Understanding the statistics of fluctuation driven flows in the boundary layer of magnetically confined plasmas is desired to accurately model the lifetime of the vacuum vessel components. Mirror Langmuir probes (MLPs) are a novel diagnostic that uniquely allow us to sample the plasma parameters on a time scale shorter than the characteristic time scale of their fluctuations. Sudden large-amplitude fluctuations in the plasma degrade the precision and accuracy of the plasma parameters reported by MLPs for cases in which the probe bias range is of insufficient amplitude. While some data samples can readily be classified as valid and invalid, we find that such a classification may be ambiguous for up to 40% of data sampled for the plasma parameters and bias voltages considered in this study. In this contribution, we employ an autoencoder (AE) to learn a low-dimensional representation of valid data samples. By definition, the coordinates in this space are the features that mostly characterize valid data. Ambiguous data samples are classified in this space using standard classifiers for vectorial data. In this way, we avoid defining complicated threshold rules to identify outliers, which require strong assumptions and introduce biases in the analysis. By removing the outliers that are identified in the latent low-dimensional space of the AE, we find that the average conductive and convective radial heat fluxes are between approximately 5% and 15% lower as when removing outliers identified by threshold values. For contributions to the radial heat flux due to triple correlations, the difference is up to 40%.
Vibrational and electron-phonon coupling properties of β-Ga2O3 from first-principles calculations: Impact on the mobility and breakdown field
Authors: Mengle K. A. , Kioupakis E.
Published: January 2019

The wide band gap semiconductor β-Ga2O3 shows promise for applications in high-power and high-temperature electronics. The phonons of β-Ga2O3 play a crucial role in determining its important material characteristics for these applications such as its thermal transport, carrier mobility, and breakdown voltage. In this work, we apply predictive calculations based on density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory to understand the vibrational properties, phonon-phonon interactions, and electron-phonon coupling of β-Ga2O3. We calculate the directionally dependent phonon dispersion, including the effects of LO-TO splitting and isotope substitution, and quantify the frequencies of the infrared and Raman-active modes, the sound velocities, and the heat capacity of the material. Our calculated optical-mode Grüneisen parameters reflect the anharmonicity of the monoclinic crystal structure of β-Ga2O3 and help explain its low thermal conductivity. We also evaluate the electron-phonon coupling matrix elements for the lowest conduction band to determine the phonon mode that limits the mobility at room temperature, which we identified as a polar-optical mode with a phonon energy of 29 meV. We further apply these matrix elements to estimate the breakdown field of β-Ga2O3. Our theoretical characterization of the vibrational properties of β-Ga2O3 highlights its viability for high-power electronic applications and provides a path for experimental development of materials for improved performance in devices.
Opto-mechanical control of flexible plasmonic materials
Authors: Lio Giuseppe Emanuele , Palermo Giovanna , Caputo Roberto , De Luca Antonio
Published: January 2019

Research interest on materials and methods to control the nanoscale response of resonant nanostructures is relevant for the potential application in tunable and reconfigurable devices. Typical approaches promote the interplay between external macroscale stimuli (mechanic, thermal, acoustic, electric, and chemical) and plasmonic systems to achieve nanoscale effects. In plasmo-mechanics, an external mechanic strain applied to a flexible substrate is employed to induce plasmonic coupling between neighbouring Au particles. In this contribution, we report on a comprehensive numerical study able to predict strain-related phenomena in a plasmonic system made of different uniform distributions of metallic nanoparticles immobilized on a flexible elastomeric tape. Results evidence how the plasmo-mechanic control of the system depends on external parameters like incident light polarization, nanoparticle distance, and distribution arrangement.
Vacuum formed temporary spherically and toroidally bent crystal analyzers for x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Jahrman Evan P. , Holden William M. , Ditter Alexander S. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Kihara Scott L. , Seidler Gerald T.
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate that vacuum forming of 10-cm diameter silicon wafers of various crystallographic orientations under an x-ray permeable, flexible window can easily generate spherically bent crystal analyzers and toroidally bent crystal analyzers with ∼1-eV energy resolution and a 1-m major radius of curvature. In applications at synchrotron light sources, x-ray free electron lasers, and laboratory spectrometers, these characteristics are generally sufficient for many x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering applications in the chemical sciences. Unlike existing optics manufacturing methods using epoxy or anodic bonding, vacuum forming without adhesive is temporary in the sense that the bent wafer can be removed when vacuum is released and exchanged for a different orientation wafer. Therefore, the combination of an x-ray compatible vacuum-forming chamber, a library of thin wafers, and a small number of forms having different secondary curvatures can give extreme flexibility in spectrometer energy range. As proof of this method, we determine the energy resolution and reflectivity for several such vacuum-formed bent crystal analyzers in laboratory-based XAFS and XES studies using a conventional x-ray tube. For completeness, we also show x-ray images collected on the detector plane to characterize the resulting focal spots and optical aberrations.
Flow field analysis of the supersonic nitrogen inductively coupled plasma using a nonequilibrium MHD model
Authors: Yu Minghao , Yamada Kazuhiko , Liu Kai , Zhao Tong
Published: January 2019

Flow features of a supersonic inductively coupled plasma heater that can obtain suitable heat flux for development of membrane material for the flexible aeroshell are numerically examined by means of nonequilibrium magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equations. A thermochemical nonequilibrium MHD model was constructed for simulating the radio-frequency discharge of nitrogen from the ICP torch to the conical nozzle, and finally into the ambient test chamber in a uniform manner. The outspread supersonic flow and the thermal nonequilibrium property in the nozzle and in the vacuum chamber were reproduced successfully through the developed numerical model. Due to the effect of the shock wave on the ICP flow, the contours of the translational temperature and Mach number formed separate small areas near the torch outlet in the vacuum chamber.
Practical method for determining the emission frequency of a distributed feedback diode laser at the D1 line of 133Cs
Authors: Ding Zhichao , Yuan Jie , Long Xingwu
Published: January 2019

A practical method to determine the emission frequency of a distributed feedback diode laser at the D1 line of 133Cs is reported. By fitting the extracted dips of the saturated absorption spectrum using linear or quadratic function, this method can realize the measurement of the emission frequency with low cost and simple structure. The test results show that this method can achieve an appreciable measurement range and a high measuring precision of approximately 10 MHz.
Evaluating interfacial shear and strain stress during droplet deformation in micro-pores
Authors: Wollborn Tobias , Luhede Laura , Fritsching Udo
Published: January 2019

The formulation of high quality emulsions is a key challenge in many industrial applications. The premix emulsification process in porous membranes enables the generation of tailored emulsions with fine and narrow droplet size distributions under low shear and energy input. However, the droplet deformation and breakup process within porous structures is a complex mechanism and single breakup events are hard to relate to the local stress conditions and the pore geometry. This relation however is required for the proper design of membrane structures with specific emulsification behavior (i.e., avoidance of stress peaks). Thus, in this contribution, the stress residence time behavior of single droplets during deformation and breakup in idealized micro-pores is investigated for different Capillary numbers and droplet sizes. The interface stress induced droplet deformation and breakup process is to be analyzed in a generic flow configuration. The results show that interface stresses are applied by the wall interface (wall-droplet interface) and by the liquid-liquid (continuous-droplet interface) interface and that both stress contributions have to be considered separately in order to understand the droplet deformation and breakup process. Only at the liquid-liquid interface, stress induced deformation is possible. The analysis of the stress conditions delivers a correlation between the stress residence time behavior and the interface deformation, which can be directly related to the pore geometry. As a result, main deformation and breakup trends are derived. This enables better opportunities for proper membrane design and handling of shear sensitive media in the premix emulsification process.
Structure and thermoelectric transport analysis of defect-containing CuGaTe2 prepared by room-temperature high-pressure treatment
Authors: Fujii Yosuke , Funashima Hiroki , Katayama-Yoshida Hiroshi , Yamada Ikuya , Kosuga Atsuko
Published: January 2019

The effect of room-temperature high-pressure (RTHP) treatment on the transport properties, crystal structure, and electronic structure of CuGaTe2 with chalcopyrite structure was investigated. Dense bulk samples were obtained without the application of heat. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the RTHP-treated CuGaTe2 was greatly reduced compared with that of its hot-pressed counterpart. Theoretical analysis based on the Debye–Callaway model indicated that this reduction in the thermal conductivity originated from point defects, stacking faults, and increased grain boundaries. These defects also decreased the carrier mobility and increased the carrier concentration, resulting in reductions of the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Crystal structure analysis revealed that the RTHP-treated CuGaTe2 contained microstrains, which partially arose from a series of disorder at the Cu/Ga cation site with various degrees and geometries. From the calculated formation energies, we predicted that such disorder can be induced as a metastable structure by the RTHP treatment applied in this study. Electronic structure calculations clarified that this disorder at the Cu/Ga cation site affected the orbital hybridization. Specifically, the shape of the band structure near the Fermi level was modified, and the bandgap was considered to decrease compared with that of pristine CuGaTe2; these findings partially explain the experimentally observed transport properties of the RTHP-treated CuGaTe2.
Plasma photonic crystal growth in the trapping regime
Authors: Lehmann G. , Spatschek K. H.
Published: January 2019

The existence and properties of a transient plasma photonic crystal (TPPC) in the region of large pump intensities and/or low plasma densities are investigated. A crossover from the collective reaction of electrons to single particle motion is observed when increasing the pump intensities or considering (extremely) underdense plasmas. For large pump amplitudes, individual electrons may begin to bounce in the ponderomotive wells, causing periodic bunching which bears a strong resemblance to superfluorescence (superradiance). The existence regions and properties of a TPPC in that trapping regime are evaluated in detail.