bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Academic Stress and Academic Performance of Medical Students in a Tertiary Institution in Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Yunusa Edzu U. , Bello Muhammed M. , Babazhitsu Makun , Rini Abdullahi I. , Sidi Bashir S. , Taqiyya Muhammed H.
Published: November 2022

Background: Stress is a complex phenomenon, whose underlying causes, manifestations and response strategies vary from person to person. Stress is as much as a psychological issue as it is a physical health problem. Stress manifest itself in various ways including poor cognitive development, poor academic performance and sometimes mental health problems. This study aimed to assess the academic stress and academic performance of medical students in a tertiary institution, Sokoto, Nigeria. Materials/Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September, 2021, among 149 medical students. Students' Academic Stress Scale (SASS) and a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire were used to elicit information from respondents using a web form. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: Majority (92%), of undergraduate medical trainee perceived the training as stressful. The major stressors identified were examination syllabus (89.2%), difficulty in remembering all that was studied (85.2%) and worrying about examinations (77.1%). The academic performance was pass grade for more than half of respondents 89(59.7%) and credit/distinction for 60(40.3%). Students with no academic stress had a better academic performance (75.5%) as compared to those with academic stress (37.2%), and the difference was statistically 2 significant (χ =13.401, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Majority of the students interviewed perceived their training as stressful. Therefore, there is an urgent need for medical educator to introduce stress management courses or programs into curriculum. Keywords: Stress, Academic performance, Medical students
Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type Two in Patients Attending General Outpatient Clinic in Sokoto
Authors: Hudu Shuaibu A. , Hamal Nabil S.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a common sexually transmitted illness with a large disease burden, with the largest disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Researchers and policymakers can benefit from a source of detailed data on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Objective: This study determined the seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among patients presenting with fever at the specialist hospital Sokoto. Methodology: Commercial HSV type-1&-2 specific IgG Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyse serum samples from 92 randomly selected patients. The association between infection and socio-demographic characteristics was determined using the Chi-square test using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was found to be 54.3% (n=50); antibodies to the virus were found in all of the patients. Male patients 21(67.7%) and single patients 23(63.9%) had a higher HSV-2 prevalence than married individuals who constituted 48% of the patients having seropositive HSV (P= 0.141). Those who did not practice protective sex had a higher seroprevalence of HSV-2 (52.8 %: 28/53). Conclusion: HSV-2 infection was found in more than half of the patients. It is therefore recommended that comprehensive, large nationally surveys should be carried out to guide policy and planning. Keywords: Sero-prevalence, HSV-2, Sokoto
Dilematik Penggunaan Ganja Medis di Indonesia (Tinjuan Analisis Perspektif Konstitusi Hukum di Indonesia dan Hukum Islam)
Authors: Firdausi Mir’atul , Imaduddin Aufi , Ulya Faridatul
Published: November 2022

Abstrak:  Penggunaan ganja medis menjadi sebuah diskursus pembahasan setelah adanya aksi ibu-ibu yang mengkampanyekan untuk melegalkan penggunaan ganja untuk keperluan medis. Padahal telah jelas disebutkan dalam undang-undang narkotika bahwa ganja dilarang penggunaannya dalam pengobatan medis, namun faktanya kebutuhan ganja dalam dunia kesehatan tidak lagi bisa dihindarkan, oleh karena itu menjadi menarik untuk dikaji tentang penggunaan ganja medis dilihat dalam sudut pandang konstitusi di Indonesia dan hukum Islam. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan mengkaji literatur maupun peraturan perundang-undangan yang diperoleh melalui teknik pengumpulan data studi pustaka dan juga dari literatur-literatur hukum Islam seperti fatwa MUI tentang nikotin, dan buku-buku ilmiah karangan ulama-ulama Islam. adapun metode analisa data yang digunakan penulis berupa metode analisis data secara yuridis kualitatif yang kemudian informasi tersebut akan dituangkan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa penggunaan ganja medis dalam perspektif konstitusi hukum di Indonesia adalah suatu hal yang dilarang dan tidak dapat dibenarkan, sehingga bernilai hukuman bagi pelanggarnya, dan pelarangan pengunaan ganja medis merupakan suatu hal yang konstitusional terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 terutama Pasal 28C ayat (1) dan Pasal 28H ayat (1). Kemudain dalam hukum Islam Penggunaan ganja merupakan suatu yang diharamkan melihat dari madhorot yang ditimbulkan dari ganja bisa dibilang merusak. Akan tetapi dalam keadaan tertentu suatu hal yang memberikan madhorat boleh dikesampingakan apabila dalam keadaan darurat, artinya pengunaan ganja media dalam keadaan darurat bisa dibenarkan hal tersebut berlandaskan atas maqoshid syari’ah, ayat al-qur’an, hadits dan kaidah fiqhiyah.
Talak Tiga Sekaligus Perspektif Syekh Wahbah Al Zuhayli dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Masykurotus Syarifah  , Suadi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

Perkawinan dalam syariat Islam merupakan suatu wujud perjanjian yang suci dan kokoh, sehingga keberlangsungannya merupakan suatu tujuan yang sangat dikehendaki untuk dicapai oleh Islam, namun tidak semua perkawinan mampu dipertahankan oleh pasangan suami istri dan sering terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran yang berujung perceraian atau talak, bahkan sampai terjadi suami mengucapkan talak tiga sekaligus. Tulisan  ini  merupakan  analisis terhadap  pandangan  Syekh Wahbah al Zuhayli dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam tentang talak tiga sekaligus. Tulisan   ini   memanfaatkan   studi   kepustakaan sebagai  pisau  bedah  kajian  yang  data-data  primernya diolah secara   kualitatif.   Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, dengan menganalisa pendapat Syekh Wahbah al Zuḥaylī tentang talak tiga sekaligus kemudian disandingkan dengan konteks talak di Indonesia berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Pemikiran tentang penetapan talak relevan dengan situasi dan kondisi yang ada di Indonesia dan dapat mengharmonisasikan perbedaan antara ketentuan dalam KHI yang menyatakan bahwa talak hanya dapat dilaksanakan di pengadilan dan fikih yang menyatakan bahwa talak dapat dilaksanakan dimanapun tempatnya baik di pengadilan atau di luar pengadilan. Kedua, adanya perbedaan pandangan antara mayoritas ulama dengan KHI berkaitan dengan talak diluar Pengadilan baik talak satu, dua atau tiga (sekaligus).
Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Penggunaan Obat Herbal dan Gambaran Biaya dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Masyarakat di Desa Magalau Hulu Kabupaten Kotabaru Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahmawati Devi Nurvia
Published: November 2022

Gaya hidup kembali ke alam (back to nature) saat ini masih banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat terutama untuk penggunaan obat herbal (tumbuhan). Alasan yang paling mendasari masyarakat lebih memilih penggunaan obat herbal untuk pengobatan karena diyakin tidak memiliki efek samping seperti obat kimia dan harga lebih terjangkau. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran biaya dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan obat herbal di masyarakat Desa Magalau Hulu Kabupaten Kotabaru Kalimantan Selatan. Metode : Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode Cross Sectional. Hasil : Hasil yang didapatkan dari 57 orang responden terdapat 37 orang yang mengkonsumsi obat herbal. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan obat herbal dalam meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat adalah informasi (p = 0,000) dan  jarak (p = 0,000), serta yang tidak berhubungan adalah pendapatan (p=0,223), untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh masyarakat untuk membeli obat herbal lebih banyak dengan kisaran <Rp250.000. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa faktor yang berhubungan ada Informasi dan Jarak sedangkan untuk biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh masyarakat untuk membeli obat herbal lebih banyak dengan kisaran <Rp250.000.

 

Kata Kunci : Faktor, Hubungan, Obat Herbal, Meningkatkan Kesehatan
Analyse d’ordre fractionnaire et prédiction de trajectoire de cyclones
Authors: ATTO Abdourrahmane M. , PINHEIRO Aluísio , GINOLHAC Guillaume , MORETTIN Pedro
Published: November 2022

Les contributions apportées dans le chapitre sont les suivantes. Premièrement, nous proposons un modèle statistique associé à un champ aléatoire rose fractionnaire afin de caractériser le mur de l'oeil du cyclone et la rugosité de l'oeil (modélisation de texture). Deuxièmement, nous proposons une méthode d'estimation du paramètre de ce modèle de champ fractionnaire rose et de détection de la position spatiale de l'oeil du cyclone. La détection de l'oeil est effectuée par trame d'image, en recherchant la région présentant le plus petit paramètre fractal sous la contrainte que cette region soit entouré par des régions associées à des paramètres d'intensité fractale maximum (mur de l'oeil). Un suivi de l'oeil est aussi proposé sur la base de la méthode de détection de l'oeil, en se focalisant sur une recherche de fenêtre plus serrée et en détectant la position future de l'oeil. Nous construisons une suite chronologique de paramètres associés à chaque position spatiale géoréférencée et décrivons cette suite comme un processus autorégressif à moyenne mobile et intégration fractionnaire (ARFIMA). Le modèle ARFIMA capture les variations statistiques tant à long terme qu'à court terme du processus aléatoire d'intensité fractale du cyclone. L'ouragan Isaac est utilisé comme étude de cas.
Statistiques par différences pour les changements multispectraux
Authors: ZANETTI Massimo , BOVOLO Francesca , BRUZZONE Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Dans ce chapitre, nous introduisons deux modèles statistiques pour la description de la distribution des vecteurs de différences spectrales, et nous en tirons des méthodes de détection de changements basées sur une différence d'images. Le chapitre introduit d'abord le modèle standard à deux classes inchangé/changé pour la classification binaire. Lorsqu'on considère les informations de module, le modèle à deux classes peut être décrit par un mélange de distributions Rayleigh-Rice. L'estimation de paramètres de ce mélange est une tâche non triviale car ce modèle est non conventionnel. Par conséquent, une version de l'algorithme espérance-maximisation (EM), qui est adaptée spécifiquement au mélange Rayleigh-Rice, est présentée. Le chapitre propose alors une généralisation du modèle à deux classes inchangé/changé au cas multiclasse.
Biogéographie et changement climatique
Authors: DIELE-VIEGAS Luisa Maria
Published: November 2022

Les fluctuations de la concentration de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère étaient courantes dans l'histoire de la Terre, et les données paléoclimatiques documentent les transitions entre différents états climatiques à différentes échelles de temps. Les changements climatiques du Cénozoïque contiennent des informations quantitatives pertinentes sur l'évaluation des effets climatiques d'origine humaine, et les périodes interglaciaires antérieures qui étaient plus chaudes que l'Holocène peuvent jouer un rôle clé dans l'évaluation des niveaux dangereux du taux de réchauffement actuel en anticipant les changements futurs du climat. Les estimations de l'ampleur et du rythme des changements paléoclimatiques sont des outils utiles pour tester les théories écologiques et déterminer comment la dynamique de la biodiversité peut être façonnée par les changements climatiques. Des impacts dramatiques du changement climatique ont déjà été observés. Les changements de régime des écosystèmes résultant du changement climatique sont déclenchés par différentes perturbations, telles que les sécheresses, les tempêtes de vent, les incendies et les épidémies de parasites.
Deep learning of extreme rainfall events from convective atmospheres
Authors: Bürger Gerd , Heistermann Maik
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Our subject is a new Catalogue of radar-based heavy Rainfall Events (CatRaRE) over Germany, and how it relates to the concurrent atmospheric circulation. We classify daily atmospheric ERA5 fields of convective indices according to CatRaRE, using an array of conventional statistical and more recent machine learning (ML) algorithms, and apply them to corresponding fields of simulated present and future atmospheres from the CORDEX project. Due to the stochastic nature of ML optimization there is some spread in the results. The ALL-CNN network performs best on average, with several learning runs exceeding an Equitable Threat Score (ETS) of 0.52; the single best result was from ResNet with ETS = 0.54. The best performing classical scheme was a Random Forest with ETS = 0.51. Regardless of the method, increasing trends are predicted for the probability of CatRaRE-type events, from ERA5 as well as from the CORDEX fields.
A machine learning emulator for Lagrangian particle dispersion model footprints: a case study using NAME
Authors: Fillola Elena , Santos-Rodriguez Raul , Manning Alistair , O'Doherty Simon , Rigby Matt
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) have been used extensively to calculate source-receptor relationships (“footprints”) for use in applications such as greenhouse gas (GHG) flux inversions. Because a single model simulation is required for each data point, LPDMs do not scale well to applications with large data sets such as flux inversions using satellite observations. Here, we develop a proof-of-concept machine learning emulator for LPDM footprints over a ~350 km by 230 km region around an observation point, and test it for a range of in situ measurement sites from around the world. As opposed to previous approaches to footprint approximation, it does not require the interpolation or smoothing of footprints produced by the LPDM. Instead, the footprint is emulated entirely from meteorological inputs. This is achieved by independently emulating the footprint magnitude at each grid cell in the domain using gradient-boosted regression trees (GBRTs) with a selection of meteorological variables as inputs. The emulator is trained based on footprints from the UK Met Office Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) for 2014 and 2015, and the emulated footprints are evaluated against hourly NAME output from 2016 and 2020. When compared to CH4 concentration time series generated by NAME, we show that our emulator achieves a mean R-squared score of 0.69 across all sites investigated between 2016 and 2020. The emulator can predict a footprint in around 10 ms, compared to around 10 minutes for the 3D simulator. This simple and interpretable proof-of-concept emulator demonstrates the potential of machine learning for LPDM emulation.
Wind work at the air-sea interface: a modeling study in anticipation of future space missions
Authors: Torres Hector S. , Klein Patrice , Wang Jinbo , Wineteer Alexander , Qiu Bo , Thompson Andrew F. , Renault Lionel , Rodriguez Ernesto , Menemenlis Dimitris , Molod Andrea , Hill Christopher N. , Strobach Ehud , Zhang Hong , Flexas Mar , Perkovic-Martin Dragana
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Wind work at the air-sea interface is the transfer of kinetic energy between the ocean and the atmosphere and, as such, is an important part of the ocean-atmosphere coupled system. Wind work is defined as the scalar product of ocean wind stress and surface current, with each of these two variables spanning, in this study, a broad range of spatial and temporal scales, from 10 km to more than 3000 km and hours to months. These characteristics emphasize wind work's multiscale nature. In the absence of appropriate global observations, our study makes use of a new global, coupled ocean-atmosphere simulation, with horizontal grid spacing of 2–5 km for the ocean and 7 km for the atmosphere, analyzed for 12 months.
We develop a methodology, both in physical and spectral spaces, to diagnose three different components of wind work that force distinct classes of ocean motions, including high-frequency internal gravity waves, such as near-inertial oscillations, low-frequency currents such as those associated with eddies, and seasonally averaged currents, such as zonal tropical and equatorial jets.
The total wind work, integrated globally, has a magnitude close to 5 TW, a value that matches recent estimates. Each of the first two components that force high-frequency and low-frequency currents, accounts for ∼ 28 % of the total wind work and the third one that forces seasonally averaged currents, ∼ 44 %. These three components, when integrated globally, weakly vary with seasons but their spatial distribution over the oceans has strong seasonal and latitudinal variations. In addition, the high-frequency component that forces internal gravity waves, is highly sensitive to the collocation in space and time (at scales of a few hours) of wind stresses and ocean currents. Furthermore, the low-frequency wind work component acts to dampen currents with a size smaller than 250 km and strengthen currents with larger sizes. This emphasizes the need to perform a full kinetic budget involving the wind work and nonlinear advection terms as small and larger-scale low-frequency currents interact through these nonlinear terms.
The complex interplay of surface wind stresses and currents revealed by the numerical simulation motivates the need for winds and currents satellite missions to directly observe wind work.
Effects of passive-storage conceptualization on modeling hydrological function and isotope dynamics in the flow system of a cockpit karst landscape
Authors: Li Guangxuan , Chen Xi , Zhang Zhicai , Wang Lichun , Soulsby Chris
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Conceptualizing passive storage in coupled flow–isotope models can improve
the simulation of mixing and attenuation effects on tracer transport in many
natural systems, such as catchments or rivers. However, the effectiveness of
incorporating different conceptualizations of passive storage in models of
complex karst flow systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we
developed a coupled flow–isotope model that conceptualizes both “fast-flow” and
“slow-flow” processes in heterogeneous aquifers as well as
hydrological connections between steep hillslopes and low-lying depression
units in cockpit karst landscapes. The model tested contrasting
configurations of passive storage in the fast- and slow-flow systems and was
optimized using a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on detailed
observational data of discharge and isotope dynamics in the Chenqi Catchment
in southwestern China. Results show that one to three passive-storage zones distributed
in hillslope fast-/slow-flow reservoirs and/or depression slow-flow reservoirs
provided optimal model structures in the study catchment. This optimization
can effectively improve the simulation accuracy for outlet discharge and
isotope signatures. Additionally, the optimal tracer-aided model reflects
dominant flow paths and connections of the hillslope and depression units,
yielding reasonable source area apportionment for dominant hydrological
components (e.g., more than ∼ 80 % of fast flow in the total
discharge) and solute transport in the steep hillslope unit of karst flow
systems. Our coupled flow–isotope model for karst systems provides a novel,
flexible tool for more realistic catchment conceptualizations that can
easily be transferred to other cockpit karst catchments.
A large-sample investigation into uncertain climate change impacts on high flows across Great Britain
Authors: Lane Rosanna A. , Coxon Gemma , Freer Jim , Seibert Jan , Wagener Thorsten
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Climate change may significantly increase flood risk globally, but there are
large uncertainties in both future climatic changes and how these propagate
into changing river flows. Here, the impact of climate change on the
magnitude and frequency of high flows is analysed for Great Britain (GB) to
provide the first spatially consistent GB projections to include both
climate ensembles and hydrological model parameter uncertainties. We use the
latest high-resolution (12 km) regional climate model ensemble from the UK
Climate Projections (UKCP18). These projections are based on a
perturbed-physics ensemble of 12 regional climate model simulations and
allow exploration of climate model uncertainty beyond the variability caused
by the use of different models. We model 346 larger (>144 km2) catchments across GB using the DECIPHeR hydrological modelling
framework. Generally, results indicated an increase in the magnitude and
frequency of high flows (Q10, Q1, and annual maximum) along the western coast of GB in the future (2050–2075), with increases in annual maximum flows of up
to 65 % for western Scotland. In contrast, median flows (Q50) were projected to decrease across GB. Even when using an ensemble based on a single regional climate model (RCM) structure, all flow projections contained large uncertainties. While the RCM
parameters were the largest source of uncertainty overall, hydrological
modelling uncertainties were considerable in eastern and south-eastern England. Regional variations in flow projections were found to relate to (i)
differences in climatic change and (ii) catchment conditions during the
baseline period as characterised by the runoff coefficient (mean discharge
divided by mean precipitation). Importantly, increased heavy-precipitation
events (defined by an increase in 99th percentile precipitation) did not
always result in increased flood flows for catchments with low runoff
coefficients, highlighting the varying factors leading to changes in high
flows. These results provide a national overview of climate change impacts
on high flows across GB, which will inform climate change adaptation, and
highlight the impact of hydrological model parameter uncertainties when
modelling climate change impact on high flows.
Consistent histories of anthropogenic Western European air pollution preserved in different Alpine ice cores
Authors: Eichler Anja , Legrand Michel , Jenk Theo M. , Preunkert Susanne , Andersson Camilla , Eckhardt Sabine , Engardt Magnuz , Plach Andreas , Schwikowski Margit
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Individual high-Alpine ice cores have been proven to contain a well preserved history of past anthropogenic air pollution in Western Europe. The question, how representative one ice core is with respect to the reconstruction of atmospheric composition in the source region, has not been addressed so far. Here, we present the first study systematically comparing long-term ice-core records (AD 1750–2015) of various anthropogenic compounds, such as major inorganic aerosol constituents (NH4+, NO3-, SO42-), black carbon (BC), and trace species (Cd, F-, Pb). Several ice cores from four high-Alpine sites located in the European Alps analysed by different laboratories for this set of air pollutants were used. All seven investigated anthropogenic compounds feature an excellent agreement in the species-dependent long-term concentration trends at the different sites. This is related to common source regions of air pollution impacting the less than 100 km distant four sites including Western European countries surrounding the Alps, i.e. Switzerland, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, and Spain. For individual compounds, the Alpine ice-core composites developed in this study allowed us to precisely time the onset of pollution caused by industrialization in Western Europe. Extensive emissions from coal combustion and agriculture lead to an exceeding of pre-industrial (AD 1750–1850) concentration levels already at the end of the 19th century for BC, Pb, exSO42- (non-dust, non-sea salt SO42-) and NH4+, respectively. However, Cd, F-, and NO3- concentrations started surpassing pre-industrial values only in the 20th century, predominantly due to pollution from zinc and aluminium smelters and traffic. The observed maxima of BC, Cd, F-, Pb, and exSO42- concentrations in the 20th century and a significant decline afterwards, clearly reveal the efficiency of air pollution control measures such as desulphurisation of coal, the introduction of filters and scrubbers in power plants and metal smelters, and the ban of leaded gasoline improving the air quality in Western Europe. In contrast, the composite records of NO3- and NH4+ show levels in the beginning of the 21th century, which are unprecedented in the context of the past 250 years, indicating that the introduced abatement measures to reduce these pollutants were insufficient to have a major effect at high altitudes in Western Europe. Only four ice-core composite records (BC, F-, Pb, exSO42-) of the seven investigated pollutants correspond well with modelled trends. Our results demonstrate that individual ice-core records from different sites in the European Alps provide a spatial representative signal of anthropogenic pollution from Western European countries and are essential to constrain emission or deposition data of air pollutants in this region.
Artificial perches increase bird-mediated seed rain in agricultural fallow area in southern Brazil
Authors: Castilhos de Freitas Thales , Crizel Gomes Gustavo , Ramos Molina Artur , de Souza Gomes Guarino Ernestino , Agra Iserhard Cristiano , Beltrame Rafael
Published: November 2022

Abstract. One of the main barriers to restoration is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas. However, this process can be hampered in open areas without
trees in the landscape. For that, artificial perches are used to attract and provide a landing area for avian seed dispersers, to enhance seed
rain. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the distance of artificial perches in relation to a forest fragment on the diversity and
composition of seed rain in an agricultural fallow area, including alien invasive plant species. We also aimed to record and characterize the bird
species that potentially act as seed dispersers. Thus, we used artificial perches at three different distances from a forest fragment (5, 25, and
50 m). Four seed traps were arranged under the perches at each distance, and four control seed traps were interspersed with these and distanced at 7.5 m. Furthermore, we placed four seed traps inside the forest fragment at 5 m from the edge. We also carried out 80 h of focal observation of the avifauna that used artificial perches. A total of 24 655 seeds were sampled across all treatments. There was a significant difference in seed abundance and richness between artificial perches, control seed traps, and forest seed traps. Seed deposition increased with distance from the forest fragment (50, 25, and 5 m). An ordination procedure indicated the formation of three plant seed communities, with the forest community being most distinct. The invasive exotic species Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) was the third most abundant in the seed rain. We observed 24 bird species from 12 families using artificial perches. The Tyrannidae family was the most represented. We showed that artificial perches are efficient structures for attracting birds, increasing the richness and abundance of seed species. Artificial perches at 25 and 50 m were more efficient possibly due to the provision of greater visibility for birds. Therefore, artificial perches are efficient in increasing seed rain in the fallow area but should be used with caution in landscapes with the presence of alien species. These findings contribute to increasing knowledge about overcoming the first barrier to ecological restoration, which is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas, and
showing the importance of birds in this process.
Inventing the dark Web
Authors: Sarda Thais , Natale Simone , Downey John
Published: November 2022

This paper examines how the deep Web, i.e., Web sites that are not indexed and thus are not accessible through Web search engines, was described and represented in British newspapers. Through an extensive content analysis conducted on 833 articles about the deep Web published between 2001 and 2017 by six British newspapers, we demonstrate that these technologies were predominantly associated with crime, crypto markets and immoral content, while positive uses of this technology, such as protecting privacy and freedom of speech, were largely disregarded. The consistent association by the British press between the deep Web and criminal and antisocial behaviors is exemplary of a recent “apocalyptic turn” in the imaginary of the Web, whereby Web-related technologies are perceived and portrayed in more negative ways within the public sphere. We argue that the use of such negative concepts, definitions and associations engender distrust about uses of the deep Web, propagating user stereotypes that reflect what we argue to be an overall criminalization of privacy.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANXIETY RESPONSES TO SOCIALLY PRESCRIBED PERFECTIONISM FOR GYMNASTIC COMPETITION: CASE STUDY
Authors: Pineda-Espejel Antonio , Trejo Marina , Terán Lucía , Cutti Lourdes , Galarraga Edgar
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychophysiological responses (anxiety, cortisol, heart rate, skin conductance) to acute psychological stress during a visualization of competition, under the influence of pressure for perfection exerted by parents, and pressure for perfection exercised by the coach. Artistic gymnasts (3 men and 3 women) with an age range of 13 to 15 years participated, who were present in four sessions for data collection that included salivary cortisol, heart rate and skin conductance. The first session was the baseline, where we apply a booklet of questionnaires that inquire about competitive anxiety and pressure for perfection. The remaining three sessions included guided viewing; session two to create mental images and live the gymnastic competition; the third highlights the pressure for perfection created by the coach (PPE); and the fourth highlights the pressure for perfection created by parents (PPP). The results showed that the visualization of competitive situation causes stress and anxiety, although the increase in salivary cortisol was within the normal daytime level. The physiological changes were greater in those gymnasts who perceived high PPE and PPP. However, for some gymnasts the situation was considered threatening (decrease in skin conductance, and small increases in heart rate), and for others was challenging (increase in skin conductance and heart rate). In conclusion, the pressure for perfection integrates a link for the different physiological responses in competition.
Structural, functional, and molecular mechanisms of endometrial transformation in habitual pregnancy failure
Authors: Tral T. G. , Khobets V. V. , Tolibova G. Kh. , Kogan I. Yu.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Habitual pregnancy failure (HPF) has long been a pressing problem of modern medicine and is characterized by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms of early pregnancy termination. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of estrogen, progesterone, progesterone-induced blocking factor and stromal cell factor-1 receptors in endometrial biopsy specimens from patients with HPF. Materials and methods. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on 75 endometrial biopsies: 50 endometrial biopsies were taken from patients with HPF and chronic endometritis with no more than three pregnancies, and 25 endometrial biopsies were taken from conditionally healthy patients. Endometrial biopsy was performed on days 19 to 22 of the menstrual cycle. Histological examination of endometrial biopsy specimens was performed according to the standard technique with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), progesterone-induced blocking factor (anti-PIBF), and stromal cell factor-1 (anti- SDF-1) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. In patients with HPF, the endometrium corresponded to the middle stage of the secretion phase in 32 % of cases. Immunohistochemical study in patients with HPF verified multifocal decrease of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the stromal component in 82 % of cases. Assessment of PIBF and SDF-1 expression in the glands and stroma of the endometrial mid-stage secretion phase in patients with HPF revealed a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group. Discussion. The presence of chronic endometritis in patients with HPF leads to impaired endometrial secretory transformation, decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial stroma, and decreased expression of PIBF and SDF-1 in the glands and endometrial stroma. The results of the study suggest the need for pathogenetic therapy of chronic endometritis and pregravidarial preparation in patients with HPF. Conclusion. Regardless of the completeness of endometrial transformation, desynchronosis of the receptor profile, altered expression of immunological markers (PIBF and SDF-1) against the background of chronic endometritis, and structural and molecular disturbances serve as factors of early pregnancy loss.
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of local application of vitamin D3 and 5-aminosalicylic acid in experimental colitis
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Boyko M. S. , Ushakova V. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. At the moment in the Russian Federation there are no dosage forms with vitamin D3, allowing effective delivery and local effect on the focus of inflammation and the damaged area of the large intestine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among such dosage forms rectal suppositories are of the greatest interest. The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of local administration of vitamin D3 and 5-aminosalicylic acid in experimental colitis. Materials and methods. Experimental colitis (EC) was modeled with oxazolone solution. Suppositories with vitamin D3 and with 5-ASA were applied per rectum every 12 h. Clinical status (DAI), morphometry, colon tissue injury index (TDI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and TNF-α expression in the lesion were assessed. Results. In EC, DAI is increases, an ulcerative defect is fixed in the lesion of the colon, TDI, neutrophils (NF), lymphocytes (LC), eosinophils (EF), histiocytes (HC), plasma cells (PC), fibroblasts (FB), MPO and TNF-α expression are increased. Vitamin D3 administration reduces DAI, ulcer defect, TDI, MPO and TNF-α expression, the number of NF, EF, LC and PCs, and increases the number of GCs and FBs. Comparison of vitamin D3 and 5-ASA administration revealed comparable efficacy against DAI. Morphometric evaluation of colorectal lesions showed that under the conditions of vitamin D3 administration, in contrast to 5-ASC, less infiltration, edema, signs of healing and repair of ulcerous defects were fixed earlier in EC; MPO expression increased on the 6th day, TNF-α expression on the 4th day. The TDI index on the 4th and 6th days of EC decreased equally under the conditions of vitamin D3 and 5-ASC application. Discussion. The reduction of clinical severity and morphological signs of damage in the large intestine wall at EC against the background of using rectal suppositories with vitamin D3 could be due to pleiotropic effects of vitamin D3. Conclusion. The effect of vitamin D3 in original rectal suppositories is comparable with local application of 5-ASC at EC, it reduces severity of clinical signs, representation of cells involved in tissue destruction, TNF-α and MPO expression in the colon wall and increases representation of cells mediating reparation.
"MULHER NO VOLANTE PERIGO CONSTANTE": VIOLÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA QUE MULHERES ENFRENTAM NO TRÂNSITO E SEUS IMPACTOS
Authors: Maia Raquel Tavares
Published: November 2022

Introdução: “Mulher no volante perigo constante”, “Só podia ser Mulher”, “Vai pilotar fogão” são frases ouvidas por muitas mulheres no trânsito. Esses estereótipos sobre a mulher e o ato de dirigir são exemplos de violência psicológica. Esse tipo de frase ofende e menospreza a mulher. Objetivo: Sensibilizar aos leitores que frases como essas, há muito tempo usadas pela nossa sociedade, na verdade são exemplos de violência psicológica, pois ridiculariza e humilha a mulher, duvidando da sua capacidade. Métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão bibliográfica realizada através de pesquisa exploratória em artigos e dissertações publicados em bibliotecas virtuais, a saber: Scientific Eletrônic Library Online (SCIELO) e Google Acadêmico. Resultados e Discussões: Esse temor que a sociedade nutre sobre a mulher dirigir não é algo novo. Na verdade faz parte da construção histórica do ser mulher, que sempre foi vista como um ser frágil que precisa ser protegida e que tem como principal função ser cuidadora do lar e filhos. O trânsito é infelizmente um dos lugares onde a mulher é vítima de violência psicológica. São inúmeras as piadas e charges que satirizam a capacidade do sexo feminino em dirigir. Infelizmente esse preconceito também existe entre as próprias mulheres, que acabam repetindo esse discurso que lhe foi repassado através das gerações replicando esse “machismo”. Toda essa humilhação e preconceito a que muitas mulheres são expostas são formas de violência psicológica. Conclusão: Essas frases e comentários desestimulam muitas mulheres em dirigir. As mesmas podem inclusive desenvolver algum tipo de transtorno mental como ansiedade ou fobia. O fato é que um trânsito seguro não depende de gênero, mas sim de responsabilidade e prudência pra seguir as leis vigentes e assim garantir o bem estar de todos.
SÍNDROME DE MORQUIO E CUIDADOS ODONTOLÓGICOS: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Conceição Apollo de Souza , Brandão Antônio Esmeraldo de Oliveira , Ribeiro Eliane de Oliveira Aranha , Prestes Gimol Benchimol Resende , Brum Joelson Rodrigues
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A síndrome de Morquio (SM) é uma Mucopolissacaridose tipo IV A, caracterizada por baixa estatura, doença óssea grave e inteligência normal. Duas deficiências enzimáticas podem causar a MPS IV e ambas apresentam um amplo espectro de gravidade das manifestações clínicas associadas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características clínicas da SM eapresentar o caso de uma paciente com a síndrome. Métodos: Este estudo de caso teve informações coletadas do prontuário de uma paciente com SM atendida na Policlínica Odontológica da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (POUEA), além de entrevista com o responsável e registros fotográficos. O estudo teve início após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido(TCLE). Resultados: Paciente M.A.V, 35 anos de idade, gênero feminino, feoderma, compareceu à clínica de pacientes especiais da (POUEA) para atendimento. Na anamnese responsável relatou que a paciente apresentava MPS IV A, com alterações esqueléticas desde os dois anos de idade. No exame físico observamos pescoço curto, abdômen globoso e joelhos em geno valgo. Ao exameintrabucal foi observada fístula na região do elemento 36. O tratamento proposto e realizado foi endodontia do elemento 36, profilaxia e aplicação tópica de flúor. Discussão: Os pacientes que apresentam a síndrome de Morquio, são distinguidos de outros pacientes com outras MPSs devido as suas características faciais que não são grosseiras e não apresentarem retardo mental, sobre o sistema estomatognático os indivíduos possuem graus de prognatismo, boca alargada, diastemas dentários, deformidades no esmalte dental que ocasiona quadros de lesões cariosas, demonstrando a importância do cirurgião dentista na equipe multidisciplinar no atendimento dos pacientes com essa síndrome Conclusão: A SM é uma doença rara, de herança autossômica recessiva, e cabe ao cirurgião-dentista integrar-se a equipe multidisciplinar envolvida no tratamento destes,proporcionando-lhes além de saúde bucal a melhoria da saúde de maneira integral.
DESCRIÇÃO TEMPORAL DOS CASOS NOTIFICADOS PELO AGRAVO HEPATITES VIRAIS EM UM HOSPITAL DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: De Almeida Sheilla Karinna Macedo , Santos Isaías Vicente , Santos Juliana Soares Laudelino , De Oliveira Jeremy Araújo Lira , De Figueiredo Bárbara Camboim Lopes , Menezes Fábio Henrique Peixoto
Published: November 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: Um dos agravos presentes na lista de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória presentes até hoje e representada, na Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas relacionados com a Saúde – CID 10, pelo código B-19 compreende as Hepatites Virais não especificadas, objeto do nosso estudo. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil dos casos notificados porhepatites virais (HV), em um hospital universitário do estado de Alagoas. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo documental, descritivo e retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram selecionadas as informações contidas no Sistema de Informação de Notificação Compulsória (SINAN), para o agravo hepatites virais, entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, notificados no Hospital Universitário professor Alberto Antunes (HUPAA). A amostra da pesquisa foi todo o universo de notificações realizadas pela causa CID10 B19 no HUPAA no período de 2017 a 2021. Realizou-se a descrição do perfil epidemiológico através da estatística descritiva dos dados, a partir da apuração de frequência absolutas e relativas. RESULTADOS: A amostra investigada foi constituída de 544notificações. Nota-se que houve predomínio das infecções em paciente com idades entre 50 a 64 anos. O sexo masculino apresentou-se com maior expressividade. Foi observado que a hepatite crônica é a principal forma clínica, com prevalência do agente etiológico VHB. Verifica-se expressividade no quantitativo de indivíduos que não receberam vacinas para hepatite A e B.CONCLUSÃO: De 2017 a 2021 a distribuição de notificações por HV oscilou ao longo dos anos entre adultos e idosos. Infere-se que medidas voltadas a maior qualidade das notificações são importantes para reduzir as inconsistências de dados, como também minimizar os impactos que os preenchimentos incongruentes possam causar.
ESTUDO DE PROSPECÇÃO DE PATENTES SOBRE Hymenaea courbaril.
Authors: Saraiva Junior Afonso Leoncio , Bandeira Mary Anne Medeiros , Soares Igor Lima
Published: November 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: Os estudos de prospecção tecnológica permitem analisar de maneira sistemática as possíveis mudanças tecnológicas. Dentre as patentes referentes a plantas medicinais, as relacionadas a Hymenaea courbaril, possuem um importante interesse cientifico. Portanto, as características de interesse medicinal e alimentício da H. courbaril, torna notável a importância de estudos de patentes para permitir um direcionamento de recursos mais assertivo. OBJETIVO: Abrir espaço para pesquisas realizadas por instituições de ensino e buscar inovações para benefício da população. MÉTODOS: Ao utilizar do banco de patentes disponibilizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial, foi realizado um levantamento de dados e confeccionada um documento de planilha, com informações quanto a classe de patentes e suas descrições. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 7 processos no INPI acerca da Hymenaea courbaril, comportando patentes do tipo A (Necessidade humanas), B (Operações de processamento; Transporte) e C (Química e metalurgia), publicadas entre 2012 e 2019. CONCLUSÃO: O pequeno número de patentes registradas com essa espécie, voltadas quase que em sua totalidade às necessidades humanas, aponta que ainda háoportunidades de produtos tecnológicos medicinais e alimentícios, quando o incentivo e divulgação correto é direcionado pelas comunidades cientificas.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PETUGAS PENDAFTARAN RAWAT JALAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN PRIMA DI RUMAH SAKIT: STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Pratama Yanasta Yudo , Mohamad Sri Wahyunita , Marwati Tri Ani , Hidayat Muhammad Syamsu
Published: November 2022

Tempat pendaftaran pasien rawat jalan merupakan unit pelayanan terdepan yang merupakan salah satu bagian dari tugas rekam medis dan tempat pertama kali pasien bertemu dengan petugas. Pelayanan Prima yaitu pelayanan terbaik yang diberikan sesuai dengan harapan atau bahkan dapat melampaui harapan pelanggan. Penilaian terhadap kualitas pelayanan melalui lima Dimensi yaitu Kemampuan, sikap, Perhatian, Tindakan, dan Tanggung jawab. Mengetahui Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan petugas pelayanan pendaftaran Terhadap Pelayanan Prima di Rumah Sakit. Pencarian Literatur yang di Riview menggunakan Database Google Scholar dengan Topik “Kualitas Pelayanan Petugas Pendaftaran Rawat jalan Terhadap Pelayanan Prima.” Kata kunci pencarian yang digunakan pada database yaitu Keyword dan Boolean operator yang digunakan untuk memperluas atau menspesifikasikan pencarian sehingga dapat mempermudah dalam menentukan artikel atau jurnal penelitian yang digunakan. Pencarian litelatur bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sebanyak mungkin publikasi ilmiah terhadap suatu topik yang tersedia dengan memperhatikan keterkaitan antar keyword sehingga terdapat tujuh studi yang sesuai. Hasil Literatur menunjukan bahwa kualitas pelayanan petugas pendaftaran terhadap Pelayanan Prima di Rumah Sakit Terdapat Hubungan di antaranya yaitu Kemampuan, sikap, Perhatian, Tindakan, Tanggung Jawab. Dari kelima dimensi Pelayanan Prima terhadap kualitas pelayanan petugas pendaftaran tersebut sebagian besar sudah menunjukan hasil penilaian kualitas pelayanan yang dinilai baik dan sudah mencapai standar pelayanan yang minimal. Berdasarkan Hasil ketujuh studi literatur yang telah di temukan oleh penulis pada dimensi Sikap, Perhatian, Tindakan, Kemampuan, Penampilan Dan Tanggung Jawab Terhadap Pelayanan Prima Di Rumah Sakit Terdapat Hubungan Yang Bermakna Karena Dari Ke 6 Dimensi Pelayanan Prima Sangat Penting Untuk Suatu Kualitas Pelayanan Di Rumah Sakit
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN BERKELANJUTAN (Continuty Of Care) DENGAN EMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Yuliana Erna , Zulis Windyarti Mei Lia Nindya
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Indikator terpenting yang menjadi penentu status kesehatan masyarakat adalah angka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB). Dalam menurunkan AKI dan AKB, seorang bidan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting. Memberikan asuhan masa hamil, bersalin, neonatus dan nifas merupakan peran bidan dalam pemeriksaan berkelanjutan. Metode: Pendekatan studi kasus secara observasional deskriptif. Hasil: Pada masa kehamilan Ny.A dilakukan 6 kali kunjungan dan ketika trimester I Ny.A mengalami emesis gravidarum. Oleh karena itu, penulis memberikan terapi nonfarmakologi Akupresur PC 6 karena bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pengeluaran beta endorphin di hipofisis di sekitar CTZ. Beta endorpin merupakan jenis antiemetik endogen yang dapat menyebabkan terhambatnya impuls mual muntah di pusat muntah dan CTZ. Saat trimester III Ny.A mengalami nyeri punggung. Kemudian penulis memberikan terapi nonfarmakologi berupa efflurage massage untuk memberikan rasa nyaman, relaksasi, serta merangsang produksi hormon endorphin yang secara alami dapat mengalihkan rasa nyeri tersebut. Proses persalinan berjalan dengan lancar dan berlangsung secara spontan. Selain itu, asuhan bayi baru lahir serta masa nifas semuanya dalam batas normal. Kesimpulan: Asuhan kebidanan yang diberikan secara berkelanjutan sesuai dengan hasil teori yang sudah ada.