bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-Home. Medicinal Treatment as a Learning Process
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria
Published: December 2024

How do patients know what they know about medicines use? And how do they know whether their actions in preparing for treatment are correct? When faced with a new medicine, do patients perceive they must begin a real learning and training process? And, if so, how does this thinking inform their actions? What basic knowledge does each patient possess about the use of medicines? How are they formed, and what are the sources of information that educate the patient-user of the medicine? We have noted, in previous chapters (refer to Chap. 8 of this text), the fragmentary way in which the patient is given information about the management of treatment: some of it comes from the doctor, some of it from the pharmacist, and some of it is retrieved from the package leaflet and the indications on the primary and secondary packaging. The medicine itself, its shape and the markings on its surface can give the patient valuable hints on how to take it correctly (on this aspect, see Chap. 16 of this text). How do these different levels of information play out when the patient finds himself, in his own home, ‘face to face’ with medicines? Through what tools and practices does the patient’s knowledge regarding the appropriate and correct medicine use take shape? This chapter attempts to answer these questions by looking at therapy in the home environment as a learning process.
Pharmaceutical Packaging According to the “Packaging Ethics Charter”
Authors: Bucchetti Valeria
Published: December 2024

The chapter analyses the role that packaging plays in pharmacological products, starting with the communicative and instrumental aspects. Like and arguably more than other products, the medicine needs the prosthetic, synthetic and directing mediation aspect of packaging; the medicine is one of those types of things which, through packaging, take on a form, become products and usable content. The observations developed in the chapter take their cue from those in the Ethical Packaging Charter, a document for the study and analysis of packaging concerning the needs of the consumer, the user, the environment, and society.
Pharmaceutical Forms and Primary Packaging: A Glossary
Authors: Piovosi Elena
Published: December 2024

Shaped as a glossary, the chapter presents and graphically illustrates the main pharmaceutical forms and the different typologies of primary packaging in direct contact with the medicine, guaranteeing its quality throughout its self-life period.
Dispensing Medicines: A Necessary Link Between Doctor and Patient
Authors: Penati Antonella Valeria
Published: December 2024

Based on a broad body of literature, the chapter highlights the plethora of problems surrounding dispensing. These include the information gaps that punctuate the transition between prescription and dispensation, the inadequacy of the documentary supports (medical prescription, therapeutic plan, the patient’s pharmacological history, information on current therapies, etc.), a not always transparent allocation of information tasks concerning the medical doctor and the pharmacist. The main insights that have oriented the research on the dispensary context are also presented: the focus on environmental requirements (organisation of space; logistics of pharmaceutical products; lighting, ambient noise), the emphasis on work organisation requirements (allocation of tasks to staff; task overload; task diversification), and the focus on the transformation of the pharmacy’s nature from a place for dispensing medicines to a place for selling para pharmaceutical products and providing service). In particular, the chapter focuses on the limitations and problems associated with the prescription and packaging of medicine because of their importance in the dispensing phase.
Letting the Planet Speak: Nonhuman Voices Through Narrative, Sound Art, and Technology
Authors: Mengozzi Chiara
Published: December 2024

The habitability of the planet Earth depends on countless organisms, entities, and processes, most of which lie beyond our immediate experience. Several literary critics have praised performative and sound art for its striking ability, compared to literary works, to bring the biotic and abiotic components of the Earth system into our perceptual and sensorial realm, without projecting human meanings onto them. But how does this sensorial experience translate into ecological-oriented political action?

Comparing some important examples of sound art and narrative works, this chapter (i) analyzes the artistic and technological devices that enable the transformative processes of the Anthropocene to become tangible to human senses; (ii) demonstrates the insufficiency of immersive knowledge experiences as tools for triggering ecological awareness and forms of eco-responsible politics; and, finally, (iii) argues for the need to articulate, through narrative, the problems of perception with those of representation and advocacy.
Einleitung
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

Im Zentrum dieses Buches stehen Lernen und Unterricht im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kompetenzstandardisierung und Inklusion, zwischen funktional-utilitaristischer Output-Orientierung und Bildungstheorie. Den Fokus richte ich hierbei auf das Portfolio und seine Funktionen innerhalb der luxemburgischen Bildungsreform. Mit Hilfe qualitativer Erhebungsmethoden habe ich während eines halben Jahres in einer Lerngruppe in einer inklusionsorientierten Grundschule erforscht, wie das Portfolio von den Kindern, Lehrpersonen und Eltern eingesetzt wird, welche Perspektiven die Beteiligten auf die Portfolioarbeit richten und synthetisiert, welche Funktionen diese in diesem Mikrokosmos erfüllt.
Lernen, Inklusion und Portfolioarbeit
Authors: Noesen Melanie
Published: December 2024

Wie im ersten Teil beschrieben, beruht diese Arbeit auf ideologischen Prämissen. Diese bedingen auch eine klare Positionierung bezüglich epistemologischer und – davon ausgehend – lerntheoretischer Annahmen. Aus diesem Grund verorte ich zu Beginn folgender theoretischer Ausführungen meine lerntheoretischen Perspektiven, indem ich mich an den Schnittstellen von Autor*innen der ursprünglichen und neuen kulturhistorischen Schule, auf den semiotischen Pragmatismus und die kritische Schule beziehe.
Spracherziehung in Schulprogrammen und Lesebüchern
Authors: Salzer Dorothea M.
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die vor dem Hintergrund aufklärerischen Sprachverständnisses stattfindenden pädagogischen Debatten zum Sprachunterricht für jüdische Kinder und deren praktische Umsetzung in den von den jüdischen Aufklärern gegründeten Schulen. Es werden sowohl erziehungstheoretische Texte als auch Lehrpläne und Schulbücher vorgestellt, um zu demonstrieren, dass der Sprachunterricht einen Schwerpunkt der maskilischen Erziehungsreform bildete, der auf eine Zwei- oder sogar Mehrsprachigkeit der Kinder abzielte und darüber hinaus als Mittel zur Entwicklung kognitiver Fähigkeiten verstanden wurde. – The article provides an overview of the educational debates on language teaching for Jewish children and their practical implementation in the schools founded by Jewish Enlighteners as these occurred against the background of the enlightened philosophy of language. For this purpose, the analysis concentrates on educational texts as well as school curricula and textbooks to demonstrate that language teaching was a clear focus of the Maskilic educational reform aiming at a bilingual or even multilingual education of the students and was also understood as a means of developing cognitive skills.
Sprachdenken – Überblicksartikel
Authors: Weidner Daniel
Published: December 2024

Das Denken mit und über Sprache hat für das deutschsprachige Judentum der Moderne eine zentrale Rolle gespielt. Um 1800 wird das Hebräische als essentiell poetische Sprache aufgefasst; ein Gedanke, der im 19. Jahrhundert in verstreuten Spekulationen am Rande der Philologie fortlebt. Im 20. Jahrhundert entwickeln Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig und Gershom Scholem je eigene Formen des Sprachdenkens, das jeweils auch das Verhältnis von Deutschen und Juden verhandelt: als Dialog, als Übersetzung und als Unterscheidung. Spuren dieses Denkens lassen sich nach 1945 in den Poetiken moderner Dichtung finden. – Thinking with and about language has always played a central role for modern German-speaking Judaism. Around 1800, Hebrew is conceived as an essentially poetic language; an idea that lives on in the 19th century in scattered speculations on the fringes of philology. In the 20th century, Martin Buber, Franz Rosenzweig, and Gershom Scholem each develop their own forms of language thinking, always implicitly negotiating the relationship between Germans and Jews: as dialogue, as translation, and as distinction. Traces of this thinking can be found in the poetics of modern poetry after 1945.
Deutsch als ‚Sprachheimat‘ im Exil?
Authors: Benteler Anne
Published: December 2024

Der Artikel widmet sich der Frage, welche Rolle die deutsche Sprache für jüdische Schriftsteller:innen im Exil eingenommen hat. Einerseits war Deutsch die Sprache der Täter:innen, die den Ausschluss jüdischen Lebens aus Sprache und Kultur verfolgten, andererseits entstand im Exil auch eine Vorstellung und literarische Aufladung von deutscher Sprache als ‚Heimat(ersatz)‘. Am Beispiel von Hilde Domin und Mascha Kaléko zeigt der Beitrag literarische Entwürfe von ‚Sprachheimat‘ im Exil. – This article explores the role of the German language for Jewish writers in exile. On the one hand, German was the language of the perpetrators, who pursued the exclusion of Jewish life from language and culture; on the other hand, in exile, the idea and a literary connotation of the German language as a ‘Heimat’ substitute arose. Viewing Hilde Domin and Mascha Kaléko as examples, the article shows literary concepts of ‘Sprachheimat’ in exile.
Deutsch als Tätersprache – Konfrontation und dichterische Konsequenzen
Authors: Waldschmidt Christine
Published: December 2024

Für jüdische Autor:innen ergibt sich ab 1933 mit Blick auf die deutsche Sprache eine spezifische sprachkritische Wendung: die Problematik, eine Sprache weiter zu verwenden, die als Sprache der Täter des Völkermordes, als Mittel für Organisation und Propaganda des NS-Staates und seines Vernichtungsprogramms diente. Die Kritik an der Tätersprache thematisiert existenzielles Bedrohtsein ebenso wie einen moralischen Sprachidealismus, der auch jüdisches intellektuelles bzw. dichterisches Selbstverständnis geprägt hat. Sie wird dabei entweder zum Medium der Selbstbehauptung oder radikaler Infragestellung sowie nach 1945 zum Auftrag, der deutschen Sprache die historische Erfahrung einzuschreiben. – As of 1933, a specific turn of language criticism comes about for Jewish writers when referring to the German language: The problem of continuing to implement a language that served those who committed genocide and was a means of organization and propaganda for the Nazi regime. The criticism levelled at the language of Nazi terror emphasizes both the experience of existential threat and a moral idealism linked to language that greatly impacted Jewish intellectual and poetical self-images. Language criticism therefore either appears as a mode of self-assertion or of radical self-questioning, and after 1945 as the task of inscribing the historical experience into German literature.
Mehrsprachigkeit in der Ghettoliteratur
Authors: Strohmaier Alexandra
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag widmet sich verschiedenen Formen textinterner Mehrsprachigkeit in ausgewählten Beispielen der Ghettoliteratur. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung gilt der Fokus dabei der Frage nach den selbstreferenziellen und metapoetischen Implikationen literarischer Multilingualität. Es wird der These nachgegangen, dass sich die spezifische Literarisierung von Mehrsprachigkeit auch als implizite Reflexion auf die den Texten immanenten Konzeptionen ‚jüdischer‘ Literatur erweist. – The article deals with various forms of multilingualism in selected examples of ghetto literature. In contrast to previous research, the focus lies on the self-referential and metapoetic implications of literary multilingualism. The article pursues the thesis that the specific literarization of multilingualism presents an implicit reflection on the conceptions of ‘Jewish’ literature inherent in the texts.
Exophonie – Das Heraustreten der Stimme aus der Schrift
Authors: Frank Christine
Published: December 2024

Als exophon gelten Autor:innen, die in einer anderen als ihrer Muttersprache schreiben. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Literatur im Kontext von Postkolonialismus und globaler Migration. Im vorliegenden Beitrag hingegen wird Exophonie weiter gefasst als prinzipiell kulturkritische Schreibweise, die ‚Anders-Sprachigkeit‘ argumentativ und mit ästhetischen Mitteln reflektiert. Damit wird der Begriff auch relevant für die Beschreibung und Analyse der deutschen Sprachkultur von Juden und zwar sowohl in historischer Perspektive wie im Hinblick auf Deutsch schreibende exophone jüdische Autor:innen nach dem Geschichtsbruch. – Authors who write in a language other than their native tongue are termed exophonic. The focus of such terminology is placed on literature in the context of postcolonialism and global migration. In this article, however, exophony is understood more broadly as a fundamentally culture-critical mode of writing that reflects the ‘otherness of language’ both argumentatively and by aesthetic means. Thus, the term also becomes relevant for the description and analysis of the German language culture of Jews both in historical perspective and with regard to exophonic Jewish authors writing in German after the rupture of history.
Sprachpolitik und sprachliche Assimilation in Preußen
Authors: Purschwitz Anne
Published: December 2024

Zusammensafassung

In Bezug auf die jüdische Minderheit in Preußen kann nicht von einer expliziten staatlichen Sprachpolitik die Rede sein; sprachpolitische Regelungen betrafen meist ökonomische Aspekte. Das staatliche Streben nach einer ‚bürgerlichen Verbesserung‘ von Juden beinhaltete dennoch bildungspolitische Maßnahmen, die eine Angleichung an die Mehrheitsgesellschaft hervorbringen sollten. Lange bevor sich der preußische Staat für Fragen des ‚Judendeutschen‘ interessierte, begann die ‚Sprachpolitik‘ einer zunächst kleinen jüdischen Elite. Das Wechselspiel zwischen sprachpolitischer Zurückhaltung und jüdischer Bereitschaft zu einer Akkulturation an die ‚deutsche Kulturnation‘ bedingte eine zügige Sprachangleichung der jüdischen Minderheit. – With regard to the Jewish minority in Prussia, it cannot be said that there was an explicit language policy. Language policy requirements related largely to economic factors. The state’s striving for a ‘bürgerliche Verbesserung’ of Jews nonetheless included educational policy measures that were intended to promote assimilation within the majority society. In contrast, the ‘language policy’ of an initially small Jewish elite began long before the Prussian state took an interest in the issues of ‘Judendeutsch’. The interplay between linguistically restrained state measures and the willingness of Jews to acculturate to the ‘deutsche Kulturnation’ determined a rapid language assimilation of the Jewish minority.
Schweizerische Sprachpolitik als Leerstelle
Authors: Süess Patrik
Published: December 2024

Die in der Schweiz lebenden Jüdinnen und Juden waren in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts mit ähnlichen politischen, religiösen, kulturellen und moralischen Verbesserungsforderungen konfrontiert wie ihre Glaubensgenossen in den deutschen Staaten. Es herrschte das Konzept der ‚konditionalen Emanzipation‘ vor. Was für die Eidgenossenschaft fehlte, war eine explizite Sprachpolitik von Seiten der Behörden. Der Grund dafür liegt in der gesetzlich verankerten Mehrsprachigkeit des Staates und in der Nicht-Stigmatisierung des Dialektgebrauchs in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz. – In the first half of the 19th century, Jews living in Switzerland were confronted with similar demands for political, religious, cultural, and moral improvement as were their co-religionists in the German states. The concept of ‘conditional emancipation’ prevailed. What was missing in the case of Swiss Jews was an explicit language policy on the part of the Christian authorities. The reason for this lies in the legally enshrined multilingualism of the state and in the non-stigmatization of speaking in dialect in German-speaking Switzerland.
Die Sprachsituation der Jüdinnen und Juden im deutschen Varietätenspektrum
Authors: Schäfer Lea
Published: December 2024

Die Sprachsituation der jüdischen Bevölkerung im deutschsprachigen Raum ist stark von innerer und äußerer Mehrsprachigkeit geprägt. Zugleich war die jüdische Bevölkerung zu jeder Zeit Teil des deutschen Varietätenspektrums und des europäischen Druck- und Literaturbetriebs. In diesem Verhältnis zwischen Multilingualismus und sprach- und literaturgeschichtlichen Entwicklungen haben in der jüdischen Bevölkerung allerdings einige Eigenentwicklungen stattgefunden, die bis heute in der standarddeutschen Sprachkultur und Literatur (nach)wirken. – The language situation of the Jewish population in the German-speaking world is characterized by internal and external multilingualism. At all times, the Jewish population was part of the German spectrum of varieties and literature. In this relationship between multilingualism and historical developments in language and literature, however, some idiosyncratic developments came about in the Jewish population that continue to have an impact on standard German language culture and literature to this day.
Institutionalisierung und Etablierung im Kontext der Haskala – Überblicksartikel
Authors: Waldschmidt Christine
Published: December 2024

Die Etablierung der deutschen (Schrift-)Sprache in großen Teilen der jüdischen Bevölkerung seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts hat nicht nur eine quantitative Dimension, sie geht zudem einher mit einer spezifischen Wertschätzung der deutschen Sprache in diesen Sprecherkreisen. Das hängt damit zusammen, dass jüdische Deutschsprachigkeit im Kontext der Haskala, ihrer gelehrten Debatten und Publikationen als Möglichkeit erscheint, für jüdische Positionen allgemeine Geltung zu beanspruchen. Dabei entfalten jüdische Autoren nicht nur zahlreiche aufklärerische Sprachidealismen, sondern auch Ansätze, über die Sprache eine generelle Form intellektueller Anerkennung zu konstituieren. – The prevalence of German language in Jewish communities which can be observed from the second half of the 18th century is not simply a question of the quantity of Jewish speakers switching to German; it also involves a particular form of esteem in which the German language was held among Jewish speakers. This phenomenon is fundamentally linked to the Haskalah movement, its debates and publications, in the context of which speaking and writing in German was viewed as an opportunity to call for general recognition of Jewish positions. In this context Jewish authors not only develop idealistic concepts of language according to Enlightenment thought, but also establish modes of intellectual recognition by means of language.
Öffentliche Korrespondenz deutschsprachiger Juden, 1745–1800
Authors: Kruschwitz Hans
Published: December 2024

Dieser Artikel versteht unter dem Begriff der öffentlichen Korrespondenz das vorgeführte Sprechen deutschsprachiger Juden und verfolgt, wie sich die Zielsetzung dieses Sprechens vor einem nichtjüdischen Publikum nicht zuletzt unter dem Einfluss antijüdischer Vorurteile von der Mitte bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts änderte. – This article understands the term public correspondence as referring to performed speech of German-speaking Jews and traces how the purpose of this speech for a non-Jewish audience changed from the middle to the end of the 18th century, not least under the influence of persisting anti-Jewish prejudices.
Kontinuität und Progression. Zum Modell der problem- und wissenschaftsorientierten Philosophiedidaktik
Authors: Tiedemann Markus
Published: December 2024

Wie jede wissenschaftliche Disziplin steht auch die Philosophiedidaktik vor der Herausforderung Kontinuität und Progression ins rechte Verhältnis zu setzen. Es ist weder notwendig, das Rad immer neu zu erfinden noch jeder Modeerscheinung ein Vehikel zu bieten. Gleichzeitig besteht die Gefahr der Selbstumkreisung samt Ignoranz für echte Innovationen und substanzielle Orientierungsbedürfnisse. Das akademische Wirken von Bettina Bussmann kann als Beispiel für eine gelungene Balance gelten und bietet über das philosophiedidaktische Dreieck ein geeignetes Regulativ.
Eine Seite des philosophiedidaktischen Dreiecks: Warum wissenschaftsorientiertes Philosophieren immer und überall notwendig ist
Authors: Hieke Alexander
Published: December 2024

Es gibt viele notwendige Bedingungen für gutes Philosophieren. Hier geht es uns nur um eine: Gutes Philosophieren muss sich an den Ergebnissen der empirischen Wissenschaften orientieren. Dies ist eine der grundlegenden Forderungen Bettina Bussmanns an den Philosophieunterricht sowie auch an die philosophische Forschung und sie ergibt sich aus einer Seite des von ihr entwickelten philosophiedidaktischen Dreiecks, welche eben die Philosophie mit den empirischen Wissenschaften in (eine höchst wichtige) Verbindung setzt. Ich werde in diesem Aufsatz versuchen, die Richtigkeit obiger Forderung, nicht für die Philosophiedidaktik, sondern die Philosophie überhaupt, zu begründen, auch wenn mir bewusst ist, dass es viele Philosoph:innen gibt, welche mir bzw. uns nicht zustimmen werden. Ich werde meine Position zu dieser wichtigen Forderung in Folge darlegen und stets bemüht sein, die Leser:innen dieses Beitrags argumentativ zu überzeugen.
Willensfreiheit und die Rolle empirischer Forschung. Teil I: Getrennte Aufgaben – gemeinsames Ziel
Authors: Menges Leonhard
Published: December 2024

Ausgehend von Bettina Bussmanns These, dass Philosophie, Lebenswelt und Wissenschaften in einem Spannungsdreieck stehen, diskutiert dieser Essay, welche Rolle die empirischen Wissenschaften bei der Diskussion der Forschungsfrage spielen sollten, ob wir einen freien Willen haben. Der Essay plädiert dafür, dass Philosophie und Wissenschaften zwar sehr unterschiedliche Aufgaben zu erfüllen haben, aber nur gemeinsam herausfinden werden, ob es Willensfreiheit gibt.
Willensfreiheit und die Rolle empirischer Forschung. Teil II: Empirisch-agnostische Verunreinigung
Authors: Brosow Frank
Published: December 2024

Dieser Beitrag versteht sich als spiegelbildliche Erwiderung auf den Beitrag von Leonhard Menges in diesem Band zur Frage nach der Existenz eines freien Willens. Menges plädiert ausgehend von Bettina Bussmanns philosophiedidaktischem Dreieck dafür, der Philosophie und den empirischen Wissenschaften in der Diskussion dieser Frage sehr unterschiedliche Aufgaben zuzuweisen, die in klar trennbaren Phasen aufeinander folgen. Teil II des Beitrags will zeigen, dass Philosophie und empirische Wissenschaften von Anfang an gemeinsam zu denken sind, da die Philosophie, wenn es um eine Beantwortung statt nur um das rationale Durchdringen lebensweltlich relevanter Fragen geht, auf sich allein gestellt Gefahr läuft, statt rationaler Erkenntnis nur weltanschauliche Bekenntnisse zu produzieren.
Effect of Rotational Speed on the Microstructure and Texture of Thermomechanically Affected Zone of Al6082-T6 Friction Plug Welding Joint
Authors: Li Defu , Wang Xijing
Published: December 2024

Experiments were performed on Al6082-T6 using friction plug welding to investigate and resolve keyhole faults. The process required using friction as supplemental heating which was from between the shoulder and base metal. Friction plug welded connections were successfully created at rotational speeds of 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm, and 2000 rpm. The weld joints have no apparent structural flaws, and the joints demonstrate distinct partition features. During them, the thermomechanically affected zone of joints displays a distinct boundary between the base metal and plug, accompanied by a pronounced, preferred orientation. It can be deduced that augmenting the plug's rotational speed, the size of grain and the composition of high-angle grain boundaries will facilitate dynamic recrystallization and lead to a more pronounced recrystallization texture composition, assuming all other parameters remain constant.
Mechanical Properties of Cobalt Chromium Alloy Manufactured by Direct Energy Deposition Technology
Authors: Smith David , Pickett Paula , Grabowski Theresa , Thorpe Joncy , Azarmi Fardad
Published: December 2024

Cobalt chromium (CoCr), a well-known biocompatible material, is additively manufactured using direct energy deposition (DED) technology in this study. This study investigates some important mechanical characteristics of the additively manufactured CoCr using two different numerical simulation methods in addition to mechanical tests and experiments. Mechanical experiments such as hardness, wear, and flexural bending test were conducted on DED-processed samples. All experiments were also conducted on conventionally processed CoCr specimens for comparison purposes. DED-processed CoCr samples exhibited a complex microstructure with a variety of features such as cellular, columnar, and equiaxed grains within their melt pools. While the DED-processed sample had a lower hardness compared to the conventionally processed one, it exhibited a higher wear resistance. The tensile strength obtained from resonance frequency testing was higher for the DED-processed CoCr sample compared to the conventionally fabricated one. The out-of-plane mechanical strength of CoCr samples was measured by conducting flexural bending test, and the conventional sample showed a higher flexural modulus than the DED sample. The bend tests were also numerically simulated using two different finite element analysis (FEA) procedures. The FEA results for the conventionally processed samples are in good agreement with the ones obtained from the experimental flexural bending test. The results of the FEA studies on the DED-processed samples were within 10-20 % of the experimental ones, showing the potential of numerical methods in estimating this property without the need of mechanical testing.
Reinforcement learning and digital twin-driven optimization of production scheduling with the digital model playground
Authors: Seipolt Arne , Buschermöhle Ralf , Haag Vladislav , Hasselbring Wilhelm , Höfinghoff Maximilian , Schumacher Marcel , Wilbers Henrik
Published: December 2024

The significance of digital technologies in the context of digitizing production processes, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Twins, is on the rise. A promising avenue of research is the optimization of digital twins through Reinforcement Learning (RL). This necessitates a simulation environment that can be integrated with RL. One is introduced in this paper as the Digital Model Playground (DMPG). The paper outlines the implementation of the DMPG, followed by demonstrating its application in optimizing production scheduling through RL within a sample process. Although there is potential for further development, the DMPG already enables the modeling and optimization of production processes using RL and is comparable to commercial discrete event simulation software regarding the simulation-speed. Furthermore, it is highly flexible and adaptable, as shown by two projects, which distribute the DMPG to a high-performance cluster or generate 2D/3D-Visualization of the simulation model with Unreal. This establishes the DMPG as a valuable tool for advancing the digital transformation of manufacturing systems, affirming its potential impact on the future of production optimization. Currently, planned extensions include the integration of more optimization algorithms and Process Mining techniques, to further enhance the usability of the framework.
Advances in TiO2-enhanced photocatalytic building materials: applications in cement and asphalt for environmental purification
Authors: Tang Shuangchao , Mu Benhong , Li Yanjie , Tian Jie , Li Yu , Cao Yijian , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Pan Jiahong
Published: December 2024

TiO2 is the most popular semiconductor photocatalyst owing to its high quantum efficiency, chemical stability, low cost, and non-toxicity, making it an excellent photocatalyst with significant application potential. Integrating the environmental photocatalysis of TiO2 with traditional building materials offers the opportunity to develop green construction materials with advanced functionalities. These materials can facilitate the degradation of surface pollutants, enable self-cleaning, and contribute to environmental purification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in photocatalytic cement and asphalt materials, explores various methods for incorporating TiO2, and delves into the underlying mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, it addresses the limitations of current research, offering valuable insights and guidance for future studies in the field of photocatalytic building materials for carbon neutrality.
The Viking Paradigm in Early Medieval History
Authors: Woolf Alex
Published: December 2024

In this short note I query not so much the use of the word ‘vikings’ or the fraught question of whether it should be capitalised, but rather whether ‘the Vikings’ is a useful concept that helps us understand history, or whether it creates an inaccurate essentialist category for which there is no historical evidence. The piece argues for more nuance and specificity when dealing with Scandinavia and the Scandinavian diaspora in our period, and argues that the variety of phenomena across times and space warrants more serious consideration. The time has come to ditch this twentieth-century concept and to return to the sources.
From Brussels to the World: The Diffusion of EU Pharmaceutical Legislation towards Developing Economies
Authors: Perehudoff S. Katrina
Published: December 2024

Regulatory norms, rules, and arrangements enshrined in and established by EU pharmaceutical law travel internationally and influence foreign legal systems, regulatory practices, pharmaceutical company conduct, health systems’ functioning, and ultimately patient access to medicines and human health worldwide. This paper applies the mechanisms of Europeanisation (conditionality, socialisation, externalisation, and mimicry) to explain how these EU norms, rules and arrangements are diffused globally, with a focus on developing economies. Using the ongoing revision of the EU’s pharmaceutical legislation as a case study, this paper selects three innovative legislative proposals therein (i.e. environmental risk assessments for antimicrobials; reporting of public funding for medicines R&D; revised clinical test data and market protection, including a transferrable exclusivity voucher). Through the lens of Europeanisation, this paper postulates how these three legislative proposals, if adopted, would travel globally to developing economies, under which conditions, and with which likely impacts. This paper addresses several gaps in the literature, namely by introducing a global lens to the existing analyses of the EU’s revision of pharmaceutical law, by revealing the theory behind the emerging evidence of the EU’s influence over global pharmaceutical markets, and by positioning the case of pharmaceutical regulation in low- and middle-income countries among the scholarship on the global regulatory influence of EU internal market law.
New classes of quasigeodesic Anosov flows in
$3$
-manifolds
Authors: CHANDA ANINDYA , FENLEY SÉRGIO R.
Published: December 2024

Quasigeodesic behavior of flow lines is a very useful property in the study of Anosov flows. Not every Anosov flow in dimension three is quasigeodesic. In fact, until recently, up to orbit equivalence, the only previously known examples of quasigeodesic Anosov flows were suspension flows. In a recent article, the second author proved that an Anosov flow on a hyperbolic 3-manifold is quasigeodesic if and only if it is non-

$\mathbb {R}$

-covered, and this result completes the classification of quasigeodesic Anosov flows on hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this article, we prove that a new class of examples of Anosov flows are quasigeodesic. These are the first examples of quasigeodesic Anosov flows on 3-manifolds that are neither Seifert, nor solvable, nor hyperbolic. In general, it is very hard to show that a given flow is quasigeodesic and, in this article, we provide a new method to prove that an Anosov flow is quasigeodesic.
Case of the Mondays: Examining Media Coverage of Oral Arguments Based on Weekday Selection
Authors: Houston Rachael , Ringsmuth Eve M.
Published: December 2024

The US Supreme Court follows a fixed weekly schedule, with specific days assigned for tasks. Oral arguments – held on select Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays – are the only public part of the Court’s decision-making process. We argue that news outlets consider the Court’s schedule when deciding which arguments to cover. To test this, we analyze media coverage of oral arguments from the 2019, 2020, and 2021 terms. Our findings reveal a notable disparity, with Monday arguments receiving the most coverage. This highlights the influence of the Court’s schedule on media attention, shaping public awareness, and the perceived importance of cases.
Bronze Age Fields in Suffolk: a Preliminary Survey
Authors: WOOLHOUSE TOM
Published: December 2024

Farming developed in Britain during the Neolithic period but across much of England the earliest good archaeological evidence for fields and enclosures in which crops were grown and livestock kept dates from the Middle Bronze Age, c. 1600/1500 bc. While these Bronze Age sub-divided agricultural landscapes are widespread across southern and eastern England, Suffolk and Norfolk were, until recently, essentially a ‘blank’ in their distribution. Over the last 15 years an increasing number of such field systems have been excavated, particularly in Norfolk, and some have started to appear in print. This article adds to this developing picture by briefly describing parts of seven additional Bronze Age – and probable Bronze Age – field systems that have been investigated through recent development-led excavation in south-east Suffolk. Currently published and unpublished evidence from elsewhere in the county is also considered, with the aims of identifying how widespread such land divisions were and establishing the current state of knowledge regarding the location, date, development, layout, and agricultural function of Bronze Age fields in the county. Some of the implications are of wider interest for understanding Bronze Age landscape organisation and land use in lowland England.
Ten Years of Being Human
Authors: Churchwell Sarah
Published: December 2024

The Being Human Festival, celebrating its tenth anniversary in 2024, is the UK’s national humanities research festival, held every November to engage local communities with creative and participatory events that are free to attend. Over its first decade, Being Human has helped transform UK public engagement practices in the humanities, strengthened community ties, and inspired academic and public participants alike. Looking back on 10 years of Being Human, the director of the festival takes readers behind-the-scenes to see who makes it happen, how, and why. Looking forward, the festival aims to further transform public engagement infrastructure, support vernacular knowledge, and expand globally, advocating for the humanities’ indispensability in a democratic society.
The Generalizability of IR Experiments beyond the United States
Authors: BASSAN-NYGATE LOTEM , RENSHON JONATHAN , WEEKS JESSICA L. P. , WEISS CHAGAI M.
Published: December 2024

Theories of international relations (IR) typically make predictions intended to hold across many countries, yet existing experimental evidence testing their micro-foundations relies overwhelmingly on studies fielded in the United States. We argue that the broad nature of many IR theories makes it especially important to evaluate the extent to which their predictions hold across countries. To examine the generalizability of IR experimental findings beyond the US, we implemented a preregistered and harmonized multisite replication study, fielding four prominent IR experiments across a diverse set of seven democracies: Brazil, Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Nigeria, and the US. We find high levels of generalizability across all four experiments, a pattern further analysis suggests is due to limited treatment effect heterogeneity. Our findings and approach offer important empirical and methodological insights for the design and interpretation of future experimental research in IR.
Metamorphic P-T evolution and tectonic implications of UHT metamorphism from the Shillong Meghalaya Gneissic Complex, India: evidence from phase equilibria modelling, monazite U-Pb-Th geochronology, K-Ar dating and geochemistry
Authors: Mahanta Bikash , Prakash Divya , Singh Saurabh , Singh C.K. , Kumar Manish , Pandey Rajeev , Tewari Suparna
Published: December 2024

The study area Sonapahar is an integral part of Shillong Meghalaya Gneissic Complex (SMGC), which is located in the Northeastern part of India. This complex mainly comprises metamorphic formations spanning from Upper Amphibolite to Ultra-high temperature granulite, interspersed with various igneous intrusions. In this study, particular attention is directed towards unravelling the metamorphic history of Mg-Al granulite. For the very first time, we establish the pressure–temperature (P-T) trajectory of the Mg-Al granulite from Sonapahar, SMGC. Employing conventional thermobarometry along with winTWQ analysis, the inferred metamorphic conditions for this granulite reveal temperatures exceeding 900°C and pressures of approximately >8 kbar. These conditions firmly indicate the presence of ultra-high-temperature metamorphism. By utilizing the Perple_X software in the MnO-Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-TiO2-Fe2O3 compositional system, we construct a P-T pseudosection. This gives a clockwise P-T path, signifying an episode of cooling (+ minor decompression). Such a pattern also suggests rapid cooling of the tectonically-thickened crust. Concurrently, a geochemical exploration of trace and rare earth elements in the rocks offers further insights. These investigations give an idea about the protolith, having a clay-to-sandstone in nature. Additionally, chemical data from monazite within the studied rock provide a weighted mean age of 682 Ma for the peak metamorphic stage. This age aligns with the global Pan-African orogenic events. The biotite K-Ar isotopic geochronology from the symplectite position provides decompression history or cooling age of 442 Ma. This age corresponds to a period after the last peak metamorphic phase that occurred during the Pan-African thermal event.
The argument structure of have and other transitive verbs
Authors: Reeve Matthew
Published: December 2024

I argue that semi-lexical have is a transitive verb in the sense that it has the same selectional properties as lexical transitives but is lexically underspecified. I propose a system of argument linking that assigns verbs a set of ‘D-selectors’ (selectors for determiner phrases) that are distinguished by a ‘thematic feature’ ±θ; selectors are licensed by linking rules that associate them with a position in a conceptual structure on the basis of their ±θ-specification. I argue that have is underspecified both syntactically (its initial D-selector can be +θ or –θ) and semantically (it lacks a lexical conceptual structure, which must thus be provided in syntax). I show that this enables the major interpretations of have (causative, affected experiencer, possessive, locative, affectee) to be derived straightforwardly. A particular contribution of the paper is its description and analysis of ‘affectee have’, which, as I show, poses particular problems for recent analyses such as Kim (2012) and Myler (2016).
Statistical theory of the broadband two-plasmon decay instability
Authors: Ruskov R.T. , Bingham R. , Silva L.O. , Harper M. , Aboushelbaya R. , Myatt J.F. , Norreys P.A.
Published: December 2024

There is renewed interest in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, following the milestone December 2022 3.15 MJ ignition result on the National Ignition Facility. A key obstacle is the control of the two-plasmon decay instability. Here, recent advances in inhomogeneous turbulence theory are applied to the broadband parametric instability problem for the first time. A novel dispersion relation is derived for the two-plasmon decay in a uniform plasma valid under broad-bandwidth laser fields with arbitrary power spectra. The effects of temporal incoherence on the instability are then studied. In the limit of large bandwidth, the well-known scaling relations for the growth rate are recovered, but it is shown that the result is more sensitive to the spectral shape of the laser pulse rather than to its coherence time. The range of wavenumbers of the excited plasma waves is shown to be substantially broadened, suggesting that the absolute instability is favoured in regions further away from the quarter critical density. The intermediate-bandwidth regime is explored numerically – the growth rate is reduced to half its monochromatic value for laser intensities of

$10^{15} \ \text {W}\ \text {cm}^{-2}$

and relatively modest bandwidths of

$5 \ \text {THz}$

. The instability-quenching properties of a spectrum of discrete lines spread over some bandwidth have also been studied. The reduction in the growth rate is found to be somewhat lower compared with the continuous case but is still significant, despite the fact that, formally, the coherence time of such a laser pulse is infinite.
Completion times of jobs on two-state service processes and their asymptotic behavior
Authors: Baykal-Gürsoy Melike , Figueroa-Candia Marcelo , Duan Zhe
Published: December 2024

We consider the task completion time of a repairable server system in which a server experiences randomly occurring service interruptions during which the server works slowly. Every service-state change preempts the task that is being processed. The server may then resume the interrupted task, it may replace the task with a different one, or it may restart the same task from the beginning, under the new service-state. The total time that the server takes to complete a task of random size including interruptions is called completion time. We study the completion time of a task under the last two cases as a function of the task size distribution, the service interruption frequency/severity, and the repair frequency. We derive closed form expressions for the completion time distribution in Laplace domain under replace and restart recovery disciplines and present their asymptotic behavior. In general, the heavy tailed behavior of completion times arises due to the heavy tailedness of the task time. However, in the preempt-restart service discipline, even in the case that the server still serves during interruptions albeit at a slower rate, completion times may demonstrate power tail behavior for exponential tail task time distributions. Furthermore, we present an

$M/G/\infty$

queue with exponential service time and Markovian service interruptions. Our results reveal that the stationary first order moments, that is, expected system time and expected number in the system are insensitive to the way the service modulation affects the servers; system-wide modulation affecting every server simultaneously vs identical modulation affecting each server independently.
“I Was Trusted for Once”: Imagining More Humane Income Supports Through the Ontario Basic Income Pilot
Authors: David Kendal M. , Martin Beth , McDowell Tom , Ferdosi Mohammad , Ederer Rebekah , Ma Amy
Published: December 2024

Current social assistance programmes in Canada and beyond have been criticised for normalising the dehumanisation of recipients through policy design and implementation. In this article we look at how exposure to a form of basic income through the Ontario Basic Income Pilot (OBIP) allowed recipients to imagine a different kind of support. We report on the findings from a study in OBIP from Hamilton, Canada, thematically analysing a subset of interviews with forty OBIP participants. We find that the higher levels of support, fewer behavioural conditions compared to social assistance, and reduced surveillance under OBIP-nurtured feelings of trust and confidence. Participants felt rehumanised as full members of society in reciprocal relationships with community and government that had been strained under previous forms of social assistance. We consider how the OBIP model provided a transformative framework for participants’ expectations for income support programmes and discuss implications for future research.
Torture to Their Ears, Music to Ours: Memory Regimes and the Ordering of Political Space
Authors: Lleshaj Sashenka
Published: December 2024

How do societies navigate the symbolic and artistic heritage of troubled pasts? I build on Bernhard and Kubik’s (2014) theorization of official memory regimes to demonstrate how memory regimes govern the public mnemonic space beyond the official level. I trace such governance within what Bernhard and Kubik call a unified memory regime, in which official actors prefer not to fight battles in and around memory. I argue that unified memory regimes order, discipline, and govern not only the official but also the everyday spaces of judgment and affection. Posited on unity at the official level, these hegemonic frames of meaning-making relegate mnemonic tension to the societal level where discursive battles continue to take place. I further argue that unified memory regimes can open pitfalls for pluralists during moments of mnemonic contestation. Because pluralists acknowledge and agonistically deliberate on multiple interpretations of the past, they may attempt to discursively reconcile the emerging societal-level mnemonic fracture with the official unified memory regime. But this strategy can backfire, reinforcing the unified regime and disciplining the societal-level challenger through three discursive practices that I call the traps of consensus: semantic alignment, a syntax of disavowal, and the juxtaposition of “universal” and “particular” narratives about the past. Pluralists may be especially vulnerable to these traps when they face unified memory regimes in which the consensus narrative appears superficially pluralist (or “underspecified”) because it eschews normative judgments that distinguish between perpetrators and victims. I illustrate these dynamics through tracing the case of a contested soundscape in postcommunist Albania.