bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
legal basis of formation of piblic service institution in Ukraine
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service, Chernihiv, Ukraine, Nishchymna S. О.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the approaches to the civil service organization in Ukraine and examines the regulations of the civil service establishment since independence time. The attention is payed to the regulatory uncertainty of the separation of civil and public service in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the legal basis of the civil service in Ukraine is determined by the Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service”, which was adopted in 2015. The first such laws were adopted in 1993 and 2011. The Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” of 1993 for the first time established a special legal status of civil servants – persons authorized to perform state functions. The Civil Service recognized the professional activity of persons holding positions in state bodies and their staff for the practical performance of tasks and functions of the state, receiving salaries at the expense of state funds. The Main Department of the Civil Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was designated as the civil service government body in the state bodies. At that time, the procedure for serving in local self-government bodies was not legally regulated in Ukraine, which hampered the establishment of the public service institution in Ukraine. With the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine, there was a division of public service into civil service and service in local self-governments. The Laws of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine” and “On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies” became an additional basis for distinguishing types of public service. In 2011, a new Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” was adopted, which provided for changes in the legal regulation of the civil service in Ukraine. Civil service was recognized as a professional activity of civil servants in preparing proposals for the civil policy formation, ensuring its implementation and provision of administrative services, ie the categories of political positions and positions of civil servants were distinguished. The current legislation defines the role of the civil service and its features, as well as the conditions of service in local governments, which is actually the basis for the public service system formation in Ukraine. Key words: civil service, public service, service in local self-government bodies.
Administrative and legal means of preventing interference (pressure) in the legitim work of law-enforcement authorities at the institutional level
Authors:   Lawyer, Odesa, Ukraine, Terekhov V. Yu.
Published: December 2021

A modern vision of the concept of preventing and counteracting interference (pressure) in the legitim work of law-enforcement authorities as a complex task of public policy, the implementation of which requires the use of a number of administrative, legal, organizational, informational tools are offered in the article. Nationwide factors that have become prerequisites for increasing the relevance of the topic at the legislative and doctrinal levels are identified. They are the following: 1) the natural development of the domestic legal system, strengthening the integration of the European legal tradition; 2) the increase in unjustified pressure on law enforcement agencies in connection with their systemic activities. Interference in the work of law-enforcement authorities can be legal, illegal, quasi-legal. The forms of influence expression are: active one (for example, media attacks) or passive form (non-appointment of the head). The influence expression is classified according to the following gradation: interference, obstruction (blocking), inclination to make decisions, threats, etc. Studying of forms of influence is necessary for forming an adequate policy to respond to them. The article emphasizes that in addition to lawful and unlawful interference, there is another act that does not contain the elements of an offense, instead, covering the abuse of a certain right, creates obstacles to the effective performance of law enforcement functions. The author notes that the introduction of modern psychological forms of law-enforcement officers’ protection helps to increase their professional suitability, ability to withstand threats and challenges. Key words: law-enforcement authorities, obstruction, interference, unlawful influence, independence of law-enforcement institution, criticism.
Keterampilan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Kajian Historis Islam
Authors: Alhawari Sarah Rifat , Rahman Imas Kania , Ramly Amir Tengku
Published: December 2021

The emergence of various understandings around women who present new figures makes it seem as if they have lost the figure of Qudwah for Muslim women. All the roles that Islam has given to women, require them to have some special skills related to Islamic leadership. The roles will affect themselves, their families, and the communities. This study aims to revive the figure of Muslim women in the study of Islamic history in order to fill the Qudwah void in women these days. By doing this study, it is hoped that women will understand more about the nature and role of women in Islam. This research is a library research method which the researcher tries to study the related literature. This study succeeded in revealing the figure of women in Islamic History who were able to apply leadership skills without getting out of context of being a woman; which will be useful for character development for the woman herself. 
Spontaneous massive hemopneumothorax: report of three cases
Authors: Le Trong Kim , Than Vu Trong , Phan Binh Phuoc An , Le Phuong Kim , Nguyen Tuan Ngoc , Nguyen Hieu Vinh , Ngo Trung Ngoc , Tran Diep Thi Bich , Sherif Nourin Ali , Giang Hoang Thi Nam , Nguyen Huy Tien
Published: December 2021

Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is a rare condition and may be a life-threatening condition that needs prompt diagnosis and urgent intervention. In this study, we reported three male cases of spontaneous hemopneumothorax, two cases presented with chest pain and one with epigastric pain. All cases were successfully treated by early surgical intervention. Total blood drainage was ranged from 1400 to 2000 mL. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed successfully in two cases, however, one case was transferred to urgent thoracotomy due to excessive blood clotting in the pleura cavity and continuous bleeding. Leukocytosis was observed in two cases, mostly due to pneumonia or sepsis. The bleeding point was identified in all cases, however, the air leak area could not be identified in two cases. Length of hospital stay after admission was ranged from five to seven days. We recommend that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery should be considered as a first choice due to its effectiveness in reducing postoperative complications and facilitating rapid recovery.
Analyzing the Current Problems and Prospects for Enterprise Development in Ukraine
Authors:   Kremenchug Flight College of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Nosach I. V. , Vodolazska N. V. ,   Kremenchug Flight College of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs
Published: December 2021

The article is aimed at studying the analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of enterprises in Ukraine. Analyzing the latest researches and publications of scientists, the general theoretical bases of problems and prospects for the development of domestic enterprises were considered. The article covers and theoretically substantiates modern problems of entrepreneurship development, which periodically require their study and research, taking into account constant changes in the economy. In general, enterprises play a significant role, because their effective activities is a source of economic growth, which ensures employment in the country and directly affects the improvement of the quality of life of the population, solving social problems and overcoming poverty. However, Ukrainian economy continues to situate «on the swings» in a constantly changing tendency. It is especially influenced by such factors as raising the US dollar exchange rate, reducing attractiveness in the world market, and recently the introduction of quarantine restrictions in the face of the coronavirus pandemic, which has had a significant impact on its development both in Ukraine and around the world. At the same time, precisely the small enterprises play a leading role in creating an effective economy of Ukraine, despite the fact that their development is uneven and they have not taken a proper place in the structure of the national economy. Thus, for the government of the country should become priority directions for stimulating the innovative activity of the entrepreneurial sector, introducing European approaches to the development of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the formation of a favorable regulatory environment, innovation and investment climate. Moreover, the implementation of this policy should be carried out purposefully, consistently and systematically, as part of the complex of the national innovation system.
Representation of Religious Values in Gurindam Twelve and Their Relevances with Modern Era
Authors: Iskandarsyah Siregar, Salsabila  , Sabrina Adeline
Published: December 2021

This study uses Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis to examine the meaning of the advice contained in Gurindam Twelve chapter 3 by Raja Ali Haji. This study uses a qualitative research method with an interpretive approach. This research is classified as interpretive research because it relies on interpreting texts associated with ideological, moral, cultural, and spiritual values. The researcher aims to analyze the meaning of the advice in Gurindam Twelve chapter 3 in its semiotic aspect and relate the relevance of the importance of the advice in Gurindam conveyed to today's society. From the study results, it can be concluded that in Article 3 Gurindam Twelve, the meaning of the denotation is the cause and effect of protecting human organs to avoid harmful and useless things. Guarding human organs, but in its meaning, it is not merely teaching organs. From the interpretation of these organs, it means a habit, nature, work which, when we do not take care of it, will cause harm to ourselves and even to others. The myth in chapter 3, Gurindam Twelve 3, contains self-control advice for the reader. In addition, the Twelve Gurindam Article 3 contains Islamic religious values in terms of morals and etiquette. This is evidenced by the verses of the Qur'an and hadiths that are relevant to the meaning contained in this Gurindam Twelve Aat 3 advice. In addition, the advice in article 3 of the Gurindam Twelve is relevant to be a life guide for today's society.
KONSEKUENSI GEOPOLITIK ATAS PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA
Authors: Annisa Hannah , Ulfatun Najicha Fatma
Published: December 2021

Saling ketergantungan antarnegara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi tidak dapat terhindarkan. Aspek kewilayahan dalam ilmu geopolitik meliputi geografi wilayah suatu negara melibatkan sumber daya alam sebagai salah satu alat pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi. Hal itu menyebabkan masing-masing negara bersaing dalam memenangkan pasar dunia menggunakan geostrategi. Wilayah pasifik telah menciptakan kawasan ekonomi dan politik tersendiri dengan Jepang dan Amerika sebagai negara acuan perekonomian dunia. Indonesia memiliki keistimewaan diantara negara pasifik lainnya. Sebagai negara kepualauan yang terletak pada garis katulistiwa, Indonesia memiliki aset ekonomi yang melimpah berupa keanekaragaman sumber daya alam. Selain itu Indonesia menjadi jalur lalu lintas perdagangan antar negara yang sangat strategis. Melihat dari segi aspek kewilayahan Indonesia, maka geostrategi yang digunakan dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar akan berbeda dengan negara lain. Fenomena tersebut membentuk konsep geoekonomi sebagai geostrategi yang dilakukan secara global. Melalui studi literatur dan metode penelitian kualitatif peneliti akan mengkaji konsep serta bidang kajian geoekonomi sebagai konsekuensi geopolitik atas aktivitas perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Dalam hal ini bidang kajian geoekonomi memiliki variabel-variabel perinci yang menjadi dasar analisis dalam menentukan strategi pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia agar mampu bersaing dalam pasar perdagangan internasional, variabel perinci tersebut antara lain: 1) Kepercayaan, 2) Posisi, 3) Sumber Daya, 4) Bobot Penekanan, 5) Kekuatan, 6) Struktur, 7) Basis, 8) Keamanan, 9) Komunikasi, 10) Ekspansi. Indonesia memiliki peluang yang terbuka sangat lebar untuk mengendalikan persaingan pasar. Mengamati situasi hutang dan asset negara membutuhkan kebijakan ekonomi yang mawas diri (prudent). Sehingga pemerintah memiliki peranan penting dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap integrasi kawasan ekonomi serta mempertimbangkan pertumbuhan demografi Indonesia yang menjadi aktor utama dalam pengelolaan sumber daya negara untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bangsa melalui kebijakan dan strategi politik ekonomi perdagangan internasional.
Ultrasonografi Obstetri Dalam Prespektif Medis, Kaidah Bioetika Dan Islam
Authors: Mappaware Nasrudin A , Syahril Erlin , Latief Shofiyah , Irsandi Feby , Mursyid Muhammad , Utami Dian Fahmi , Ananda Fadli
Published: December 2021

Latar belakang: USG (ultrasonografi) sangat populer digunakan untuk memantau kondisi janin, perkembangan kehamilan, persiapan persalinan, dan masalah-masalah lain.Ultrasonografi adalah alat pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan ultrasound (gelombang suara) yang dipancarkan oleh transduser.

Objektif: Perempuan umur 39 tahun G4P3A0 gravid 22 minggu 2 hari datang  untuk kontrol kehamilan. Keluhan saat ini tidak ada. Dan dilakukan pemeriksaan USG oleh dokter spesialis laki-laki.

Metode: Laporan kasus

Results: Secara medis pemeriksaan USG merupakan pemeriksaan yang tepat dalam menunjang diagnosis kehamilan dengan berbagai keuntungannya secara efektif dan efisien. Berdasarkan kaidah bioetika, semua prinsip kaidah dasar bioetika telah dilaksanakan sesuai prinsip autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence dan justice. Berdasarkan “four boxes” prinsip medical indication, patient prefferences, quality of life dan contextual features dijalankan sebagaimana mestinya. Dan berdasarkan kaidah islam, dokter yang dikenal dengan kebaikannya serta dengan takwa kepada Allah SWT telah menjalankan tugasnya sesuai syarat dan ketentuan dalam islam.

Kesimpulan: Perspektif medis, bioetika dan islam adalah metode untuk menyelesaikan berbagai dilema etik.
Peranan Kurkuma Pada Karsinoma Kolorektal
Authors: Safitri Asrini
Published: December 2021

Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang terjadi pada  mukosa kolon di mana penyakit ini mempunyai angka morbiditas dan mor-talitas yang tinggi. Insidensi puncak untuk kanker kolorektal adalah usia 60 hingga 70 tahun. Kurang dari 20% kasus terjadi pada usia kurang dari 40 tahun, dan bila ditemukan pada usia muda perlu dicurigai adanya kolitis ulseratif atau salah satu dari sindrom poliposis.Sekitar 70–75% kanker kolorektal terletak pada daerah rektosigmoid. Keadaan ini sesuai dengan lokasi polip kolitis ulserativa di mana hampir 95% lokasi polip kolitis ulseratif berada di daerah rektum.Secara umum kanker selalu dihubungkan dengan bahan-bahan kimia, bahan-bahan radioaktif dan virus.Umumnya perkembangan kanker kolorektal merupakan interaksi antara faktor lingkungan dan faktor genetik serta dihubungkan juga dengan faktor predisposisi diet rendah serat, kenaikan berat badan dan konsumsi alkohol..

Kurkuminoid atau kurkumin sebagai komponen yang utama dalam jenis kurkuma.Sifat anti inflamasi kurkumin dengan cara menghambat produksi  IL-1, IL-6 dan TNF-α dan merangsang sekresi IL-10. Penelitian  mengenai farmakodinamik dan farmakokinetik dari dosis kurkumin yang diberikan pada manusia, bahwa pemberian ekstrak kurkuma dalam bentuk kapsul  dosis antara 440 sampai 2200 mg/hari yang mengandung 36-180 mg kurkumin aman pada manusia. Pemberian kurkuma sebanyak 12 gram tidak menimbulkan efek yang merugikan pada manusia.

Aktivitas antioksidan dan penangkap radikal kurkumin mengindikasikan hubungannya sebagai penghambat proses karsinogenesis kanker. Aktivitasnya sebagai antiinflamasi yaitu sebagai inhibitor enzim siklooksigenase memiliki kaitan dengan aktivitanya sebagai antikanker terutama kanker kolon. Kurkumin juga aktif dalam menghambat proses karsinogenesis pada tahap inisiasi dan promosi atau progesi  juga memiliki efek memacu proses apoptosis yaitu suatu proses alami kematian sel dalam rangka mempertahankan integritas sel.
KARAKTERISTIK KADAR PROFIL LIPID PADA PENDERITA STROKE ISKEMIK DI RUMAH SAKIT IBNU SINA MAKASSAR TAHUN 2017
Authors: Amaliah Reski , Mokhtar Shulhana , Namirah Hanna Aulia , Rachman Mochammad Erwin , Syamsu Rachmat Faisal
Published: December 2021

Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) adalah tanda-tanda klinis yang berkembang dengan cepat dari gangguan fokal dan fungsi serebral yang berlangsung lebih dari 24 jam dan dapat menyebabkan kematian tanpa penyebab yang jelas selain dari berasal dari vaskular. Angka kejadian stroke di Indonesia meningkat dengan tajam. Bahkan, saat ini Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah penderita stroke terbesar di Asia. Salah satu faktor risiko dalam terjadinya penyakit vaskular ini adalah terbentuknya aterosklerosis yang disebabkan oleh kelainan metabolisme pada profil lipid darah yang ditandai dengan kenaikan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL serta penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar profil lipid pada penderita stroke iskemik di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar tahun 2017. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui karakteristik kadar profil lipid pada penderita stroke iskemik di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar pada tahun 2017. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study, yaitu peneliti melakukan observasi dengan mengambil data dari rekam medik kemudian menilai variabel penelitian yang akan diteliti. Hasil penelitian tersebut akan diolah dengan menggunakan program Microsoft Office Excel. Hasil: Berdasarkan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medik Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar, jumlah pasien stroke iskemik selama tahun 2017 yang berhasil tercatat sebanyak 54 orang dengan rincian 25 orang laki-laki dan 29 orang perempuan. Didapatkan adanya peningkatan kadar kolesterol dari nilai normal pada kolesterol total sebanyak 63%, LDL sebanyak 57%, dan trigliserida sebanyak 33%. Sedangkan pada HDL didapatkan penurunan kadar kolesterol dari nilai normal sebanyak 39%. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan adanya perubahan kadar profil lipid pada penderita stroke iskemik khususnya pada kolesterol total dan LDL yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan kadar kolesterol diatas nilai normal. Sedangkan pada profil lipid khususnya HDL dan trigliserida masih dalam batas nilai normal.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Paccerakang Kota Makassar
Authors: A Alfiah
Published: December 2021

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi pada anak. Prevelensi ISPA terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan selalu menduduki peringkat tertinggi di Puskesmas Paccerakang Kota Makassar. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dan status ekonomi dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Puskesmas Paccerakkang Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan mengunakan rancangan Cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua balita yang datang berkunjung di Puskesmas Paccerakkang Kota Makassar. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Aksidental sampling, dengan jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 42 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner kemudian diuji dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05, Ho ditolak jika p<0,05, dan Ho diterima jika p >0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa presentase kejadian ISPA pada balita yaitu 66,7%. Didapatkan probabilitis (p) untuk kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga p=0,001 dan untuk variabel status ekonomi p=0,009 maka hipotesis nol ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif diterima yang berarti ada hubungan kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga, status ekonomi dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita.
DERMATITIS ATOPIK
Authors: Abdi Dian Amelia
Published: December 2021

Dermatitis atopik (DA) atau atopik eczema adalah peradangan kulit berupa dermatitis yang kronis residif, disertai rasa gatal, dan mengenai bagian tubuh tertentu terutama di wajah pada bayi (fase infantil) dan bagian fleksural ekstremitas (pada fase anak). Dermatitis atopik kerap terjadi pada bayi dan anak, sekitar 50% menghilang pada saat remaja, kadang dapat menetap, atau bahkan baru mulai muncul saat dewasa. Peningkatan insidensi DA kemungkinan disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor misalnya urbanisasi, polusi, dan hygiene hypothesis. Dermatitis atopic merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dunia, dengan prevalensi pada anak sebesar 10-20% dan pada dewasa sekitar 1-3%. Manifestasi dermatitis atopik dan tempat predileksi berbeda pada fase bayi, anak dan dewasa. Rasa gatal yang hebat dan perjalanan penyakit yang kronis-residif menyebabkan gangguan psikologis pada pasien, keluarga, serta dokter yang merawat, juga dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Masalah pada DA sangat kompleks sehingga penatalaksanaan perlu mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi di antaranya faktor genetik, sawar kulit, faktor predisposisi, faktor pencetus, serta faktor lingkungan.
Laser Scanning Ship Hulls to Support Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Lovas Tamás , Somogyi Árpád József , Simongáti Győző
Published: December 2021

Terrestrial laser scanning is an effective technology to capture high density and accurate point clouds about objects with complex geometry. Ship industry requires 3D hull models for multiple reverse engineering purposes; renovation, as-built analysis, simulations etc. The paper discusses how terrestrial laser scanning can be applied to capture ship hull geometry to support hydrodynamic simulations. It presents recommendations of survey geometry and methods considering scanner locations, reflectivity issues. Hydrodynamic simulations require specific types of surface models as inputs; data processing procedure is discussed how the point clouds are effectively transformed to models to be applied. Resource analysis is also included, such as duration of survey and processing, equipment to be used.
Post-COVID19 Lung Fibrosis: An Worrying Experience of COVID19 Survivors
Authors: Mamun SM AA , Iqbal Zafor , Mahmood Arif , Ahsan Sania
Published: December 2021

Patients recovering from confirmed COVID19 particularly moderate to severe disease, those treated in HDU / ICU support with high flow nasal cannula & Mechanical ventilation ,experienced different symptoms ranging from tiredness, fatigue to severe exertional dyspnea. High resolution CT scan of Chest of these such patients showed persistent radiological abnormalities simulating progressive fibrotic lung disease. Lung function including CO transfer factor revealed moderate to severe reduction. In case of patients recovered from moderate to severe COVID19 pneumonia, lung fibrosis is a big problem and it is one of the most worrying long-term complications. Lung fibrosis was documented in previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome & Middle east Respiratory Syndrome pathology, and current observational studies suggests that pulmonary fibrosis could also complicate infection by SARSCOV2. The objective of our study was to set up a criteria of patients who are at risk to develop such serious complication, thus giving a chance for early detection of post-COVID19 lung fibrosis and thus preventing such disabling complication by proper andearly intervention .
Bangladesh J Medicine July 2022; 33(1) : 114-119
Pengaruh Air Mengunakan Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Pada Campuran Beton Aspal Berdasarkan Uji Cantabro Dan Indirect Tensile Strength
Authors: Iduwin Tommy , Mayasari Devita , Yuhanah Tri
Published: December 2021

The impact of RAP on water was identified to be analyzed for the material's resistance to water because there are still a lot of waterlogged pavements in Indonesia. This research uses RAP variation 0%, 25% and 35%. The test is the Marshall test to get the optimum asphalt content value, the Cantabro test to determine the weight loss for 300 rounds and the durability by varying the immersion 0.1, 2, 4 and 7 days which will be tested for ITS. The KAO value obtained for each variation is 5.4% for 0% Rap, 5.6 for 25% Rap and 6% for 35% RAP. The results of the Cantabro test show that the largest percentage of weight loss is a mixture of 35% RAP which is 12.54%, where for 0% RAP there is a weight loss of 10.85% and at 25% RAP there is a weight loss of 11.66%. ITS test results have the highest value with variations of RAP 0%, RAP 25% and RAP 35%. variations of 0%, 25% and 35% showed a decreasing trend until the 7th day of immersion, it can be said that in the three variations the ITS value was influenced by the duration of continuous immersion.

Keywords: RAP, AC-WC, Marshall, Cantabro, Indirect Tensile Strength
Monitoring Kualitas Air Berbasis Smart System Untuk Ketersediaan Air Bersih Desa Ciaruteun Ilir, Kec. Cibungbulang, Kab. Bogor
Authors: Jatnika Hendra
Published: December 2021

Desa Ciaruteun  Ilir, Kecamatan  Cibungbulang,  Kabupaten  Bogor  terletak  di  sebelah  barat Kabupaten Bogor berjarak kurang lebih 6 km ke ibukota kecamatan. Desa ini mengalami kesulitan air bersih yang layak konsumsi padahal wilayah desa ini memiliki sungai yang cukup baik tetapi banyak dipenuhi oleh kotoran sampah. Sekalipun sungai tersebut kotor, masyarakat masih ada yang menggunakannya untuk mandi. Ada juga masyarakat yang membuat sumur, namun kualitas airnya belum terjamin untuk layak dikonsumsi, akibatnya banyak masyarakat yang terkena penyakit perut dan kulit. Sistem monitoring yang dapat memantau kualitas air saat ini telah menjadi kebutuhan yang mendesak bagi penduduk desa. Sistem yang dirancang mengunakan metode kombinasi pembuatan prototipe perangkat teknologi. Pengujian terhadap model kerja dari aplikasi dan perangkat ini melalui proses interaksi yang berulang-ulang antara peneliti dengan penduduk desa. Perangkat teknologi yang dirancang menggunakan perangkat/alat pendeksi yang dikoneksikan dengan aplikasi android atau perangkat komputer sehingga pengguna dapat menggunakannya baik secara realtime maupun mobile melakukan monitoring dan mengambil keputusan terhadap penggunaan air untuk kesehatannya.
Prototype Alat Monitoring Suhu, Kelembaban dan Kecepatan Angin Untuk Smart Farming Menggunakan Komunikasi LoRa dengan Daya Listrik Menggunakan Panel Surya
Authors: Sari Dewi Purnama
Published: December 2021

Belakangan ini penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) banyak dimanfaatkan pada bidang pertanian dan perkebunan. Pada bidang pertanian dan perkebunan, permasalahan tumbuh kembang tumbuhan merupakan permasalahan yang penting karena sangat bergantung pada faktor abiotik (fisik) dan biotik (biologis). Faktor abiotik (faktor lingkungan fisik) antara lain seperti suhu, kelembaban (udara dan tanah), pencahayaan, kecepatan angin, media tanam dan pupuk sangat mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang tumbuhan dan seringkali sulit terpantau. Agar tumbuh kembang tanaman dapat baik, maka perlu dipantau secara terus menerus faktor abiotik maupun biotik pada lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya tanaman. Tujuan diterapkan IoT dalam bidang pertanian agar dapat mengotomatisasi semua aspek pertanian dan metode pertanian untuk membuat proses lebih efisien dan efektif. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat sebuah prototipe untuk memantau suhu, kelembaban udara dan tanah serta kecepatan angin pada lahan pertanian dengan memanfaatkan komunikasi LoRa sebagai perangkat pendukung IoT dalam penerapan smart farming dengan keunggulannya menggunakan daya listrik yang bersumber dari energi matahari. Di sini data akan ditampilkan pada sebuah platform Cayenne sebagai user interface untuk dilakukan pemantauan dari jarak jauh. Dengan demikian pengguna dapat secara langsung memantau faktor abiotik (faktor fisik lingkungan) dari tempat tumbuh kembangnya tanaman. Dari pemantauan dapat dilakukan tindakan-tindakan yang diperlukan agar tanaman dapat tumbuh kembang dengan baik.
Pemanfaatan Elektrik Bioretensi dalam Menurunkan Kadar Escherichia coli dan Total Bakteri Koliform Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Air pada Drainase Perkotaan
Authors: Lestari Endah
Published: December 2021

Rapid development in a watershed affects surface and ground water sources. Urbanization results in increased environmental pollution and groundwater pollution. Best water resource management practices are Low Impact Development (LID) such as bioretention, vegetative swales, permeable pavements, and rainwater wetlands have been implemented to reduce the adverse effects of urbanization such as flooding by reducing peak runoff on the surface and thereby managing rainwater runoff. The purpose of this study was to analyze microbial contamination in wastewater originating from city drainage channels. The research was carried out experimentally by taking water in Item River, Kemayoran directly and put it in an electric bioretention tank. The rain-wastewater-bioretention (RWB) tank is in the form of a watertight tank measuring 60 cm in diameter by 80 cm in height with a medium of 50 cm, leaving 30 cm to provide space and time for standing water during infiltration time. The results of the water taken on the 2nd day through Bioretention carried out laboratory testing with the scope of Microbiological analysis of Environmental Health Quality Standards, Escherichia coli levels decreased from 17 APM/100 ml to 9 APM/100 ml. In addition, total Coliform levels from 2800 APM/100 ml to 270 APM/100 ml.
Proyeksi Kebutuhan Energi Secara Microspasial Berdasarkan Penentuan Variabel Independen Dengan Metode Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Authors: Anggaini Dwi , Senen Adri , Dini Hasna Satya
Published: December 2021

Metoda proyeksi peramalan energi umumnya masih berbentuk makro sehingga tidak memperlihatkan pusat-pusat beban pada wilayah yang lebih kecil (grid) dan mengakibatkan lokasi gardu distribusi tidak dapat ditentukan dengan pasti. Oleh karena itu diperlukan teknik prakiraan energi yang berbasis pada wilayah yang lebih kecil (mikrospasial). Prakiraan energi listrik yang melibatkan banyak variabel, hasil proyeksinya lebih akurat. Hal itu disebabkan proyeksinya melibatkan interaksi antar variabel dalam bentuk faktor. Setiap area pelayanan memiliki faktor dominan yang berbeda. Untuk menentukan faktor yang paling dominan dapat menggunakan Metoda Exploratory Factor Analysis. Metoda ini mampu menentukan variabel yang dominan diantara variabel-variabel yang terlibat. Dalam penelitian ini yang semula melibatkan 12 variabel independen, ada 4 variabel yang dapat dikelompokan menjadi satu faktor utama berdasarkan hasill Componen Transformation Matriks. Faktor tersebut akan digunakan dalam pemodelan matematis proyeksi kebutuhan energi. Sehingga hasil peramalan energi lebih teliti. Sejumlah metode analisis dengan statistika mengasumsikan distribusi datanya normal, sehingga asumsi ini perlu diuji kebenarannya. Beberapa uji normalitas yaitu dengan melihat penyebaran data pada sumber diagonal pada grafik Normal P-P Plot of regression standarized residual atau dengan uji One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov.
Alterações no índice de massa corporal: Coorte em indivíduos em uso de dolutegravir
Authors: Souza Cléssius Ribeiro de , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga , Santos Simone Furtado dos , Mol Marcos Paulo Gomes , Silveira Micheline Rosa
Published: December 2021

Goal: To assess body mass index (BMI) changes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and using antiretroviral therapy (ART) with dolutegravir (DTG) and its associated factors. Methods: Retrospective and prospective cohorts of PLHIV who started ART with DTG or used DTG after changing the therapeutic regimen, from Belo Horizonte, between February/2017 and March/2020. Data were gathered from clinical records of the Drug Logistics and Laboratory Test Control Systems. BMI changes were analyzed in the following week intervals 1-24(t24), 25-48(t48), 49-72(t73), and 73-96(t96) using the Wilcoxon test and generalized estimation equation (GEE) model, at 5% significance level. Results: A total of 614 individuals were included and average was 38.4 years old. Most were men (85.5%) and 52.3% had started ART with DTG. These individuals, and the immunosuppressed ones, showed significant increases in BMI when compared to those who used DTG after switching therapeutics or the non-immunosuppressed ones (p-value <0.05). After 96 weeks, individuals starting ART with DTG had a mean increase in BMI of 1.02 Kg/m2, whereas those who used DTG after the therapeutic change had an increase of 0.56 Kg/m2 (p<0.05). DTG use length, ART type, immune status, baseline BMI, and age were associated (p<0.05) with BMI increases. Conclusions: We observed an increase in BMI both in individuals starting ART with DTG use and those using it after changing the therapeutic regimen.
Covid-19’un Su Sporları Alanında Eğitim Veren İşletmeler Üzerindeki Bazı Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ağılönü Göktürk Kerem , Göral Kemal
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde spor turizmi ve rekreasyonel etkinlikler açısından pandeminin su sporları alanı üzerindeki bazı etkilerini incelemek için ele alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada, nitel araştırma modelinde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu oluşturularak veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin görüşme formlarına verdikleri cevaplar değerlendirilerek çözümlenmesinde nitel analiz tekniklerinden içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgularda katılımcıların ifadelerinden doğrudan alıntılar yapılarak açıklanmış, temalar, kategoriler ve kodlar şeklinde ifade edilerek ilişkilendirilip yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada, su sporları merkezlerinde çalışan bireylerden, maddi zarara uğradıklarını ve uğramadıklarını belirten bireylerin oranının birbirine yakın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada katılımcıların çoğunluğunun Covid-19’un genel anlamda turizm üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olduğunu düşündüğü, ancak bu süreçte su sporları merkezlerinin pek de olumsuz etkilenmediği konusunda yoğunlaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada görüşmelerden elde edilen bulguların analizi sonucunda, “Covid-19 ve Su Sporları” kategorisinde, “Müşteri”, “Ekonomi”, “Turizm” temaları ile bu temalara ait “Yerli-Yabancı, “Maddi zarar”, “Olumsuz etkiler”, “Turist” ve “Çalışma zorlukları” kodları tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada ortaya çıkan bulgulardan hareketle sonuç olarak, müşteri, ekonomi ve turizm kavramlarının Covid-19 ve su sporları ile doğrudan ilişkili kavramlar olduğu söylenebilir. Covid-19 gibi pandemi dönemlerinde turizmin olumsuz etkilenmesi, turizmin paydaşları olarak değerlendirilebilecek birçok alanı da yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Su sporları merkezlerinin pandemi gibi olumsuz koşullardan daha da az etkilenmesi açısından, yapılacak araştırmalar ve sağlıklı bir etkileşimle ortaya konabilecek somut önlemlerin, bu gibi süreçlerin en az hasarla atlatılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Methods of Experimental Modeling of Metastasis
Authors: Timofeeva N. Yu. , Bubnova N. V. , Struchko G. Yu. , Kostrova O. Yu. , Stomenskaya I. S.
Published: December 2021

One of the main problems of modern medicine is cancer, which is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Malignant neoplasms have been known for a long time; however, their study still presents signiﬁcant difﬁculties. Modeling of malignant processes in animals allow researchers to study tumors and the main patterns of malignant growth characteristic of animals and humans. The main cause of death in malignant neoplasms is the process of metastasis formation, which remains to be understood in detail. The study of metastatic processes is one of the most important tasks of oncology. To this end, various models of tumor metastasis are created. The article reviews literature data on the most popular models of metastasis in experimental conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of the main approaches to modeling metastasis are evaluated.
Hamilton Mack Laing's specimen of a whooping crane,Grus americana
Authors: Sealy S. G.
Published: December 2021

Hamilton Mack Laing, a hunter-naturalist, taught in rural schools in southwestern Manitoba, Canada, from 1901 to 1911. He collected a whooping crane ( Grus americana) near Whitewater Lake in 1905, which he later regretted when the species's decline and rarity were becoming recognized. Although suggested otherwise, there is no evidence that Laing collected more than one whooping crane.
T. H. Huxley’s turbulent apprenticeship years: John Charles Cooke and the John Salt scandal
Authors: Desmond A. , Darwin A.
Published: December 2021

Thomas Henry Huxley’s early medical apprenticeships (between 1838 and 1842) were largely a family affair. They were overseen by one brother-in-law, John Charles Cooke, in Coventry, and another brother-in-law, John Godwin Salt, in London. With both Cooke and Salt teaching at Sydenham College, a private medical school in London, young Huxley too attended this cheap anatomy school in its final year (1841–1842). Huxley developed an interest in botany under Cooke, who was the Professor of Toxicology at the Medico-Botanical Society in 1842. But the brothers-in-law led chaotic lives. Cooke over-indulged in beer and opium, grew corpulent, and eventually failed to make a living teaching. Salt was involved in a previously unexplained scandal, which equally had an impact on the young Huxley. Shortly after Huxley ceased living with John and Eliza Salt (Huxley’s favourite sister), John Salt was jailed for a second time as an insolvent debtor. Huxley was privy to events, sympathetic to the family, and facilitated their flight from the country in 1846.
Real Time Scheduling of Nonidentical Multiple Batch Processors with Machine Eligibility Restriction
Authors: Rani M. Vimala , Mathirajan M.
Published: December 2021

This study addresses a new problem on scheduling of nonidentical multiple diffusion furnaces (NMDF) with machine eligibility restriction (MER) along with important real-life problem characteristics such as multiple and incompatible job-families, different release time, different due-date, non-agreeable release time & due-date, and occurrences of randomly and dynamically generated real time events (jobs and/or resources related) to minimize total weighted tardiness. Due to the computational difficulty in obtaining an optimal solution for large real-life sized scheduling of NMDF, an alternate solution procedure: heuristic algorithm based on due-date based dispatching rule, called due-date based heuristic algorithm (DDHA) is constructed in this study. Though there has been extensive scheduling research relating to the use of existing dispatching rules in semiconductor manufacturing along with/without new dispatching rules, there is no comparative analysis of all due-date based dispatching rules for real time scheduling (RTS) of NMDF-MER. Hence, this study proposes 20 variants of DDHA, considering various due-date based dispatching rules, for RTS-NMDF-MER and compares their performance. A suitable experimental design is developed and randomly generated 270 instances to represent the research problem considered in this study. From the empirical and statistical analysis carried out in this study, the better performing DDHA(s), for RTS-NMDF-MER, are identified.
An Integrated Picture Fuzzy Set with TOPSIS-AHP Approach to Group Decision-Making in Policymaking under Uncertainty
Authors: Kim Long Cu , Van Hai Pham
Published: December 2021

Group Decision-Making techniques have been applied to combine a group of decision maker’s preferences to deal with an evaluation of alternatives in a static environment. However, these conventional techniques are only concerned with an evaluation in a static environment. They cannot solve the policy evaluation problems in a dynamic environment or under uncertainty. This paper has presented a novel proposed model to handle the policy evaluation problems under uncertainty by integrating the Picture fuzzy set with the traditional TOPSIS-AHP model. The qualitative and quantitative factors are been quantified by using Picture fuzzy set to evaluate alternatives in order to make complex decisions in a dynamic environment. To validate the proposed model, a numerical example was illustrated meticulously. The experimental results also proved that the proposed method based on the indicator groups in the final urban development project in Vietnam combined with the expert's expertise and the decision-maker's preference gives the more confident evaluation result compared to the state-of-the-art works by applying the fuzzy decision point of the policy.
On Solving Bi-level Multi-Objective Fully Quadratic Fractional Optimization Model with Fuzzy Demands
Authors: Rani Namrata , Goyal Vandana , Gupta Deepak
Published: December 2021

This paper has been designed to introduce the method for solving the Bi-level Multi-objective (BL-MO) Fully Quadratic Fractional Optimization Model through Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) approach by utilising non-linear programming. In Fully Quadratic Fractional Optimization Model, the objective functions are in fractional form, having quadratic functions in both numerator and denominator subject to quadratic constraints set. The motive behind this paper is to provide a solution to solve the BL-MO optimization model in which number of decision-makers (DM) exists at two levels in the hierarchy. First, the fractional functions with fuzzy demand, which are in the form of fuzzy numbers, are converted into crisp models by applying the concept of α-cuts. After that, membership functions are developed which are corresponding to each decision-maker’s objective and converted into simpler form to avoid complications due to calculations. Finally, the model is simplified by applying FGP approach, and a compromised solution to the initial model is obtained. An algorithm, flowchart and example are also given at the end to explain the study of the proposed model.
State Minimization of General Finite Fuzzy Automata
Authors: Kaur Ranjeet , Tripathi Alka
Published: December 2021

The minimization of automaton is important to reduce space and computational time. Reduction in number of states and transitions leads to equivalent automaton with less number of states and transitions. In this paper, state minimization of General Finite Fuzzy Automata (GFFA) is discussed. To obtain minimal equivalent GFFA we have removed redundant states and transitions using substitution property (SP) partition and quotient machine. The algorithm to find membership values of states of the GFFA is described and algorithm to associate states with quotient machine to obtain minimal machine with less number of states is discussed.
The Effects of Refilling Additional Rooting Material on Exploration Duration and Tail Damages in Rearing and Fattening Pigs
Authors: Kauselmann Karen , Schrader Lars , Schrade Hansjörg , Krause E. Tobias
Published: December 2021

Pigs housed in commercial barns with slatted floors cannot fully perform their natural behavioral needs such as rooting or exploring. Enrichment materials can stimulate these behaviors in pigs. Here, we investigated whether exploration can be stimulated by offering additional enrichment material, i.e., chopped straw, once compared to four times daily. In two replicates each with four rearing and eight fattening pens, a total of 192 pigs with undocked tails continuously received chopped straw from a dispenser, while a stimulus to explore was given by filling the rooting area of the dispenser either once (R1) or four times (R4) daily with additional chopped straw. The dispensers were equipped with an ultra-high-frequency radio-frequency-identification (UHF-RFID) system in order to record the exploration durations of each individual pig at the dispenser. At four times throughout rearing and fattening, pigs were weighted and tail injuries and length losses were assessed. This resulted in three temporal sections within each replicate, for each of which the difference in tail length to the previous section (Δ-tail length) was calculated. Exploration durations did not change in long-term but increased from rearing throughout fattening. The refillings in which additional chopped straw was offered (R1 vs. R4) did not affect the overall exploration duration during rearing (linear mixed effects model (LME),P= 0.85) or fattening (LME,P= 0.66). However, descriptive evaluations showed that exploration durations decreased within the first 10-min sequences within the hour after refilling the rooting area with additional chopped straw in both treatments (R1 and R4). Exploration durations were affected by week, day, and hour within day during rearing (LME, all factors,P< 0.0001) and fattening (LME, all factors,P< 0.0001). Neither tail injuries nor length losses were affected by the refilling treatment (R1 vs. R4) during rearing (GLMM, bothP> 0.1) or fattening (GLMM, bothP> 0.1). Offering additional straw four times compared to once a day had no advantage in the present setting with regard to exploration duration and tail damages of pigs. However, refilling the rooting area with additional chopped straw triggered a short-term increase of exploration that decreased within 1 h, thus, exploration was more spread over the day.
Releasing the Kraken
Authors: Salzberg Steven L. , Wood Derrick E.
Published: December 2021

Ten years ago, the dramatic rise in the number of microbial genomes led to an inflection point, when the approach of finding short, exact matches in a comprehensive database became just as accurate as older, slower approaches. The new idea led to a method that was hundreds of times times faster than those that came before. Today, exact k-mer matching is a standard technique at the heart of many microbiome analysis tools.
Comparison of Three Complementary Analytical Techniques for the Evaluation of the Biosimilar Comparability of a Monoclonal Antibody and an Fc-Fusion Protein
Authors: Demelenne Alice , Ben Yahia Arij , Lempereur Delphine , Crommen Jacques , Servais Anne-Catherine , Fradi Ines , Fillet Marianne
Published: December 2021

In this work, a monoclonal antibody, adalimumab, and an Fc-fusion protein, etanercept, were studied and compared to one of their biosimilars. Samples submitted to stress conditions (agitation and high temperature) were used for method development. The developed methods were also applied to samples reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol to evaluate their capability to distinguish the expected species. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) methods coupled with UV detection were used to analyze the biopharmaceuticals. Their complementarity was investigated. For further molecular weight determination, SEC-multi angle light scattering and RPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight were occasionally used. For adalimumab, a larger amount of fragments and aggregates was observed in the biosimilar compared with the reference product. For etanercept, more related species were found in the reference product. Those three separation techniques showed good complementarity. Indeed, RPLC enabled the separation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic degradation products. CGE provided good selectivity for several adalimumab fragments, and SEC was useful for the analysis of aggregates and certain fragments that cannot be separated by the other approaches. Moreover, those formulations were submitted to mild stress conditions (30°C, 300 rpm for 4 h) that mimic shipping conditions. No additional peak was found under these conditions for the two studied biopharmaceuticals.