bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Definições sexuais dos estudantes universitários
Authors: Alvarez Maria-João , Nogueira João
Published: December 2015

O objectivo deste estudo foi o de clarificar, através de questionários, que comportamentos se associam a ter sexo, a parceiro sexual, e a infidelidade e explorar factores preditores das definições encontradas, comparando os resultados de uma amostra de 152 estudantes universitários portugueses com os resultados de amostras de outros países. Ter relações sexuais revelou-se sinónimo de relações pénis-vagina (>95%) e de sexo anal (91-92%). Ao contrário de resultados encontrados noutras amostras, os contactos orogenitais foram considerados como uma forma de ter sexo (78-84%). A amplitude das definições mostrou-se diferente, sendo possível ter um comportamento de infidelidade sem ser um parceiro sexual e ser considerado um parceiro sexual sem que exista sexo entre duas pessoas. Encontraram-se poucas diferenças, de acordo com o género, e a existência de orgasmo afectou as definições de ter sexo e de parceiro sexual. Conclui-se ser essencial explicitar o que se entende pelos termos sexuais utilizados na investigação e discutem-se implicações para a prevenção de comportamentos sexuais de risco.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v22i1.338
A distinção entre emoção aparente e real no faz-de-conta e em situações de engano
Authors: Sidera Francesc , Martí Eduard , Gabucio Fernando
Published: December 2015

A compreensão das crianças acerca da distinção entre emoção aparente e real foi avaliada através de uma tarefa de engano e de uma tarefa de faz-de-conta. Em cada tarefa. As crianças entre os 5 e os 7 anos ouviram uma história e foram inquiridas acerca das emoções internas e externas do protagonista. O procedimento permitiu que as crianças mostrassem a compreensão dessa distinção a nível espontâneo e após questionamento explícito. As crianças tiveram grande dificuldade em fazer a distinção em qualquer uma das tarefas. No entanto, tiveram um melhor desempenho quando foram questionadas explicitamente acerca da possibilidade de as emoções internas e externas do protagonista serem diferentes. De um modo global, as crianças com 7 anos de idade compreenderam melhor a distinção do que as crianças de 5 anos. Mais importante, não houve diferenças entre as tarefas de engano e de faz-de-conta. Uma possível explicação é a de que a compreensão dessa distinção desenvolve-se em simultâneo em ambos os tipos de situações. É discutida a importância da compreensão das emoções através do faz-de-conta para um entendimento da distinção entre emoção real e aparente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v22i2.345
Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais de Emoções Sociais: Existe Diferença Entre Homens e Mulheres?
Authors: Simão Cláudia P. , Justo Mariline , Martins Ana Teresa
Published: December 2015

O comportamento social é maioritariamente regulado pela expressão e reconhecimento de emoções sociais, considerando que o processamento emocional está distribuído diferentemente pelas relações e papéis de género. Para analisar esta diferença, o presente estudo focalizou-se nas diferenças de género no reconhecimento de emoções sociais. Com recurso a um paradigma de reconhecimento emocional, foram seleccionadas três emoções sociais (arrogância, culpa e ciúme) e avaliadas por 60 participantes (30 homens e 30 mulheres). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que homens e mulheres diferem no reconhecimento de emoções sociais. De um modo geral, as mulheres apresentam uma acuidade mais elevada, assim como tempos de reacção inferiores, sugerindo que o processamento emocional evolui baseado nos papéis de género, como forma de regular o comportamento social.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v22i2.347
Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone: A Comparison of the Effects of Dietary and Serum Vitamin K and its Dependent Proteins
Authors: Nicoll Rachel , McLaren Howard John , Henein Michael
Published: December 2015

 

This review compares the effect of vitamin K on cardiovascular (CV) calcification and bone health and shows that, in principal, the γ-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent proteins matrix Gla protein (MGP) and its bone equivalent osteocalcin (OC), generally ensures that hydroxyapatite is kept out of the CV system and is deposited in bone. This is an important finding, since there is currently no reliable treatment for CV calcification.Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may be more effective in the arteries, while vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is more active in bone. Nevertheless, there remains considerable uncertainty over the precise scope of the functions of MGP and OC, and their carboxylated and under-carboxylated forms, as well as the newly discovered vitamin K-dependent proteins. Although a diet high in vegetables could deliver adequate phylloquinone, supplementation of menaquinone may be necessary for those at risk of CV calcification. Several animal studies and one human study have demonstrated that arterial calcification could be reduced with vitamin K supplementation and there are further trials in progress. Patients on warfarin are particularly prone to CV calcification but there has been concern that supplementation would either counter warfarin treatment or destabilise INR. In fact, studies suggest that low dose phylloquinone did not increase coagulation and may improve the stability of anticoagulant therapy. Furthermore, use of oral anticoagulants which do not affect vitamin K metabolism, such as ximelagatran, could be used when there is a need for vitamin K supplementation for artery or bone health.

 
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Anorexia Nervosa Patients: Why Is It Happening?
Authors: Hassan Abdalla , Freyre Ashley
Published: December 2015

Hassan, A. and Freyre A.  Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Anorexia Nervosa Patients: Why Is It Happening?  International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. 2015;4:59-60  DOI: 10.17987/icfj.v4i0.121
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery in Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: A Case Series of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Tankazyan Hambik H. , Stoletniy Liset N. , Sakr Antoine , Jutzy Kenneth R. , Hilliard Anthony A.
Published: December 2015

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in orthotopic heart transplantation. The optimal management remains uncertain, especially in left main coronary artery lesions. With the limited data available in the literature, we present a review of three pediatric cases of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, involving the left main coronary artery, treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.
Reversible Cocaine-Induced Brugada Pattern in a Middle-Aged Man with Chest Pain
Authors: Imran Saira , Afari Maxwell , Hodarkar Ameya , Marmoush Fady Y. , Kim Alice Y.
Published: December 2015

Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by electrocardiographic manifestations of a pseudo right bundle branch block and a distinctive ST segment elevation in the precordial leads, with a predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. Many medications and toxins have been reported to induce a Brugada pattern on electrocardiogram. We report a case of a patient who presented with chest pain and was found to have electrocardiographic manifestation of Brugada type II in the setting of cocaine use and chest pain.
Clinical Experience of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Coquard Charlène , Moubarak Ghassan , Baudet Mathilde , Logeart Damien , Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Cohen-Solal Alain
Published: December 2015

Patients scheduled for atrial fibrillation (AF) cardioversion were excluded from clinical trials of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs).

We evaluated efficacy and safety of NOACs in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for AF.

We performed a monocentric study of all patients on NOACs who underwent elective electrical cardioversion for non-valvular AF between January 2012 and December 2014. We analyzed incidence of stroke and bleeding  at 30 days.

Fifty patients were included, 28 receiving dabigatran, 22 rivaroxaban. Mean age was 65 ± 12 years. Mean CHADS2-VA2SC and HASBLED scores were 3 ± 1.8 and 2.2 ± 1.1 respectively. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in 41 (79%) patients, revealing a thrombus in 2 (5%). No clinical evidence of stroke occurred in the 30 days, 1 major gastrointestinal bleeding (2%) in patient on rivaroxaban (led to premature discontinuation) and 3 minor bleedings.

NOACs seem to be safe in daily practice of electrical cardioversion in our population.
Hoarseness of Voice as a Primary Presentation of Pulmonary Hypertension: a Rare case of Ortner’s (Cardio-vocal) Syndrome
Authors: Naeem Kashif , Choondal Vinod
Published: December 2015

Ortner’s (cardio-vocal) syndrome is a rare disease entity that involves compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve due to enlargement of cardiovascular structures. The syndrome was first described by Norbert Ortner (an Austrian physician) in 1897 and is usually reported to be associated with mitral stenosis. However, we report a rare case when a 20-year-old girl presented with hoarseness of voice and was found to have an enlarged main pulmonary trunk due to pulmonary hypertension that was compressing the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The case highlights a rare presentation of a relatively common disease and stresses the importance of detailed cardiac workup in a patient with hoarseness of voice. We present the case and review the literature. 
Pulmonic Papillary Fibroelastoma: Cause of Recurrent Pulmonary Emboli and Treatment
Authors: Urban Alexander Eugene , Kamalesh Masoor , Gutteridge Daniel
Published: December 2015

Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas are rare, typically benign primary cardiac tumors.  The pulmonary valve is the least common site for valvular papillary fibroelastomas.  They commonly present with dyspnea on exertion and can show right ventricular outflow tract obstruction on echocardiography.  Embolic phenomena are one of the most serious consequences.  Treatment usually consists of surgical excision.  We report the first case of pulmonary emboli from pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma treated with anticoagulation.  This occurred in only the second case of pulmonary emboli from pulmonary papillary fibroelastoma reported in literature to date.
Regression Analysis of the Left-ventricular Isochoric Pressure Decay of the Heart: Four or Five Model Parameters?
Authors: Langer John
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Isochoric (isovolumic) cardiac pressure decay data were previously described by a four-parametric logistic (tangens hyperbolicus) regression model (Langer model). However, a five-parametric kinematic model (Chung model), according to the differential equation of damped oscillation, was recently introduced to describe the isochoric pressure fall. The present study clarifies (a/) whether these five parameters can be reliably estimated from empirical pressure decay data and if the model excels the four-parametric one, and (b/) whether the kinematic Chung model validly describes these pressure decays. METHODS: High-fidelity intraventricular pressure decay data from 1203 isolated working guinea pig and rat hearts were analyzed by both models. RESULTS: Most cases present with a higher regression error in the five-parametric kinematic model, the median ratio (F value) of its regression variance by those of the four-parametric logistic model is 1.004 (95 per cent confidence interval: 1.002 to 1.006) in in the guinea pig as well as in the rat group. Additionally, the parameters of both models were estimated from the first and second half of the decay phase separately to check for the models' validity.  The five-parametric model yields significantly non-constant parameters more often than the four-parametric model. CONCLUSION: (a) the five parameters of the kinematic Chung model remain underdetermined by the empirical pressure data, and {b) this five-parametric model does not provide a valid description of the isochoric cardiac pressure decay.
Impaired Left Atrial Reservoir Function in Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Symptoms in HFpEF Patients
Authors: Berisha Gëzim , Bajraktari Gani , Ibrahimi Pranvera , Bytyçi Ibadete , Rexhepaj Nehat , Elezi Shpend , Henein Michael Y
Published: December 2015

Background and Aim. The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been shown to be independently associated with increased risk for incident heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the additional effect of MetS on LA dysfunction in a group of patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and its relationship with symptoms.

Methods. This study included 194 consecutive patients (age 62 ± 9 years) with stable HFpEF. LV dimensions, ejection fraction (EF), mitral annulus peak systolic excursion (MAPSE), myocardial velocities (s’, e’ and a’), LA dimensions and volumes were measured. Total LA emptying fraction (LA EF) was measured by Simpson rule volumes. Based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria, patients were divided into two groups; MetS (n=95) and non-MetS (n=108) and were compared with 34 age and gender matched controls.

Results. Age and gender were not different between patients and control neither between MetS and non-Met. LV dimensions, EF and longitudinal function indices were also not different. The MetS patients had higher LV mass index (p=0.038), lower septal and lateral e’ (p=0.003 and p=0.001, respectively) velocities, larger LA minimal volume (p=0.007) and lower LA EF (p<0.001) compared with the non-MetS patients. Age, LA EF and MetS independently predicted the NYHA class.
Conclusions. Despite no difference in LV systolic function, patients with HFpEF and MetS have worse LA emptying fraction, compared with HFpEF and non-MetS patients. In addition, LA reservoir function impairment and MetS independently predict patients limiting symptoms, thus add to a better understanding of HFpEF.
SERVE-HF - Was Treating a Central Neurological Disturbance of Breathing Control by a Mechanism Initially Designed to Keep Open an Obstructed Airway Always Doomed to Fail?
Authors: Stewart Coats Andrew
Published: December 2015

An editorial on the results of the recent SERVE-HF trial of the treatment of central sleep apnoea in chrinic heart failure.
From Theory Use to Theory Building in Learning Analytics: A Commentary on “Learning Analytics to Support Teachers during Synchronous CSCL”
Authors: Chen Bodong
Published: December 2015

In this commentary on Van Leeuwen (this issue), I explore the relation between theory and practice in learning analytics. Specifically, I caution the issue of adhering to one specific theoretical doctrine while ignoring others, suggest deeper application of the cognitive load theory to understanding teaching with analytics tools, and comment on issues with theory building in the nascent field of learning analytics.
Exploring the Link between Online Behaviours and Course Performance in Asynchronous Online High School Courses
Authors: Lowes Susan , Lin Peiyi , Kinghorn Brian
Published: December 2015

As enrolment in online courses has grown and LMS data has become accessible for analysis, researchers have begun to examine the link between in-course behaviours and course outcomes. This paper explores the use of readily available LMS data generated by approximately 700 students enrolled in the 12 online courses offered by Pamoja Education, the course provider for the International Baccalaureate, in 2012–2013. The findings suggest that LMS data sets can indeed provide useful information on the relationship between online behaviours and final grades; that higher levels of online behaviours are associated with higher performance; that two types of behaviour, one associated with attendance and the other associated with interactivity, operate separately; and that these two types of behaviour function differently depending on gender.
Interacciones entre Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Plantas Comestibles. ¿Se han Desarrollado Mecanismos de Internalización Bacteriana?
Authors: Torres-Aguilar Vera , Manjarrez-Domínguez Carlos Baudel , Acosta-Muñiz Carlos Horacio , Guerrero-Prieto Victor M. , Parra-Quezada Rafael Ángel , Noriega-Orozco Lorena Olivia , Ávila-Quezada Graciela Dolores
Published: December 2015

La presencia de bacterias patógenas en frutas y hortalizas es muy común a pesar de los grandes esfuerzos realizados para prevenir la contaminación microbiologica. En la actualidad, se sabe (o se conoce) que E. coli O157:H7 puede colonizar de forma pasiva plantas comestibles. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura sobre E. coli y su adhesión al filoplano, supervivencia e internalización, así como mecanismos de interacción bacteria - planta. Una vez, que este patógeno, se adhiere a la superficie de la planta, puede introducirse al tejido, para después movilizarse y multiplicarse. Esta revisión ofrece una visión general de los mecanismos de interacción entre el tejido vegetal y E. coli O157:H7. Se considera que este patógeno ha mejorado su competencia ecológica en plantas comestibles, sin perder su virulencia para el ser humano. Además, se identificaron áreas de oportunidad para futuros trabajos de investigación.
Management of emerged weeds in irrigated blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) through post-emergence herbicides
Authors: Ramesh* T. , Rathika S.
Published: December 2015

Field experiments were conducted during summer (April to June), 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of post-emergence herbicides in irrigated blackgram (ADT 5). Treatments comprising of three levels (50, 75 and 100 g /ha) of the post- emergence herbicides viz., Imazethapyr 10% SL and Quizalofop ethyl 5% EC were tested alone and in combination and compared with hand weeding twice on 15 and 30 DAS(farmers’ practice). Herbicides were sprayed on 15 DAS when the weeds were 2-4 leaves stage using flat-fan nozzle as per treatment schedule. The results revealed that minimum total weed density (8.44) and weed dry weight ( 27.2 g/m2) and higher weed control efficiency (84.4%) were obtained under combined application of imazethapyr and quizalofop ethyl as tank mix at 100 g /ha. However, this was comparable with application of both the herbicides at 75g /ha. Application of imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl each at 75 g/ha registered significantly taller plants, higher dry matter production, more number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and higher grain yield (826 kg/ha), net returns (Rs.26621/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.76). Thus, application of post- emergence herbicides imazethapyr + quizalofop ethyl each at 75 g /ha as tank mix on 15 DAS could be recommended for controlling of emerged weeds in irrigated blackgram.
Combined effect of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on growth and yield attributes of groundnut
Authors: priya S. Sowmya , Jeyakumar P. , Boominathan* P.
Published: December 2015

Fungicides have been shown to cause long term changes in the growth and metabolism of treated plants leading to higher biomass and yield, apart from inducing stress tolerance. Fungicidal compounds belong to strobilurins and triazoles namely trifloxistrobin and tebuconazole as combinations were applied in groundnut to understand mechanism by which it alters the plant metabolism leading to higher productivity. Foliar application of Nativo 75WP, a formulation consisting of trifloxistrobin and tebuconazole @ 250 g ha-1, 300 g ha-1, 350 g ha-1 and Carbendazim @ 500 g ha-1 at 35 and 50 days after sowing was attempted in a field experiment on groundnut. The result indicated that Nativo 75WP significantly improved the root length and total dry matter accumulation at different stages of growth. Among the different concentrations, application of Nativo 75WP @ 300g ha-1 increased the number of pod and pegs, peg to pod ratio, 100 kernel weight and shelling percent.
HydroUnits: supporting dimensional analysis in hydrologic computing systems using sensor-based standards
Authors: Celicourt Paul , Piasecki Michael
Published: December 2015

Unit representation in the Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) specified in the IEEE 1451 standards is a binary sequence of 10 octets that encode the physical units as a product of the seven Système International base units, plus radian and steradian, each raised to a rational power in addition to an unsigned integer indicating the structure of the unit. While this representation seems trivial, manual compilation is prone to be erroneous and impractical, especially for complex units used in the hydroclimatology field. Hence, the development of a software application to automatically generate this vector represents a critical step to both reduce work load and automate unit conversion. Existing conversion packages for manipulating units fall short in many ways and also suffer from not integrating with a units controlled vocabulary. We developed HydroUnits (Python-based) to compute the vectorial representation for the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc's Observations Data Model units for use in an IEEE 1451.0-based TEDS generator. In addition, the package has been extended to support dimensional analysis, unit reduction and unit conversion and contains provision to convert time series data between different unit systems.
Rigorous error propagation for terrestrial laser scanning with application to snow volume uncertainty
Authors: Hartzell Preston J. , Gadomski Peter J. , Glennie Craig L. , Finnegan David C. , Deems Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2015

Estimates of point-cloud positional accuracies in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) datasets are currently limited to rudimentary combinations of GPS position error and manufacturer precision specifications. However, rigorous error propagation techniques can be applied to the three-dimensional TLS points and potentially integrated into software visualization and analysis products. Beyond the immediate value of qualitatively observing the distribution of expected TLS errors within a point cloud, rigorously estimated point errors can be further propagated to quantify expected errors in derived products such as point-to-point distance measurements, best-fit planes or volume computations. We review TLS error sources, detail their propagation through a rigid registration and illustrate the application of estimated TLS point errors to propagated snow volume uncertainties for a large and small TLS dataset. The resulting volume errors are of negligible size compared to the volume magnitudes, in no case exceeding 0.007% of the computed snow volume. For a dataset generating a large snow volume, the method of surface representation (e.g. grid or triangulated mesh) was more influential than the estimated TLS point errors on volume uncertainty. This suggests the random errors inherent in TLS measurement techniques are not a limiting factor in achievable snow volume accuracies.
Les élus locaux confrontés à la désobéissance civile
Authors: Belloubet Nicole
Published: December 2015

La désobéissance des citoyens vis-à-vis des décisions prises par les élus locaux est source de craintes et de paralysies. Par-delà, c’est bien à une réflexion sur les modalités d’élaboration de la décision publique que nous conduisent ces divers types de résistance. Des chemins vers une concorde renouvelée semblent toutefois se dessiner.
La désobéissance en droit pénal
Authors: Robert Jacques-Henri
Published: December 2015

La désobéissance, entendue comme le refus de se conformer à l’ordre qu’une personne, revêtue d’une autorité publique ou privée, adresse à un subordonné, n’est pas en principe pénalement punissable. Mais ce principe, qui remonte à la Révolution, subit des exceptions de plus en plus nombreuses.
Relation entre fans et marques sur Facebook
Authors: Akrout Houcine , Cathalo Sandrine
Published: December 2015

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier d’une part, la nature de la qualité relationnelle des communautés virtuelles de marques (CVM) orientées B2C sur Facebook et d’autre, part le type de bénéfices attendus d’une participation à ces communautés. Une étude auprès de 218 fans a été menée et un modèle a été testé par les équations structurelles. La qualité relationnelle d’une communauté virtuelle de marque s’y révèle composée de confiance, d’engagement et de satisfaction. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle positif que joue la participation du consommateur à ces communautés sur la qualité relationnelle des CVM. Nos résultats indiquent également l’influence forte et positive des bénéfices hédoniques tirés de la participation à la communauté sur la perception de la qualité relationnelle de la CVM. Afin de mieux ajuster les dispositifs d’animation de ces relations, des implications managériales sont proposées.
La fabrique du constructivisme
Authors: Rappin Baptiste
Published: December 2015

L’article se propose de questionner les textes fondateurs du constructivisme dans les sciences de gestion en particulier, et dans les sciences de l’artificiel en général ; nous devons à Jean-Louis Le Moigne d’avoir produit un édifice théorique assurant les fondements de cette épistémologie, notamment en sciences de gestion. Dans un premier temps, nous interrogeons les principaux concepts et auteurs mobilisés par Jean-Louis Le Moigne : comment celui-ci conçoit la réalité ? La causalité ? Le positivisme ? Comment construit-il par ailleurs la généalogie du constructivisme ? La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse des tactiques d’argumentation déployées par l’auteur : celles-ci oscillent entre le choix délibéré, l’anachronisme et les glissements herméneutiques. En dernier lieu, nous montrons que les fondements épistémologiques du constructivisme ne peuvent être compris sans référence à ses visées institutionnelles, éthico-politiques et théologiques.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease Isolated to the Thoracic Epidural Spine
Authors: Kozak Benjamin , Talbott Jason , Uzelac Alina , Rehani Bhavya
Published: December 2015

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare benign histiocytic disease that infrequently presents in the spine. We report a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease isolated to the epidural thoracic spine in a 26-year-old male. To our knowledge, this is the 15th reported case of isolated spinal disease and only the fourth case of isolated thoracic epidural disease.  Given its rarity as well as non-specific symptoms and imaging findings, Rosai-Dorfman disease is often not considered and misdiagnosed on imaging studies. To help improve awareness of Rosai-Dorfman spinal disease, we review the literature and discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment considerations for this condition.
Prendre les espaces de temps pour maîtriser les impacts diffus générés par les grandes infrastructures de transport terrestre (ITT) sur la biodiversité
Authors: Fourès Jean-Marc , Pech Pierre
Published: December 2015

Les grandes Infrastructures de Transport Terrestre (ITT) génèrent de multiples impacts sur la biodiversité, depuis les premières transformations du paysage en amont des travaux de construction jusqu’aux effets de la gestion des dépendances vertes en phase d’exploitation. Les travaux scientifiques en road ecology ont permis de spatialiser au gré des recherches la plupart des impacts des ITT sur les milieux naturels et la biodiversité. Dans le contexte territorial français, la loi de 1976 sur les études d’impact, puis les lois Grenelle dans les années 2000 ont établi un cadre réglementaire de plus en plus exigeant. Ce cadre d’études a favorisé l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques d’ingénierie visant à la transparence écologique des ITT suivant la doctrine de l’Evitement-Réduction-Compensation (ERC). Désormais, aménageurs et chercheurs s’interrogent aussi sur la continuité des impacts tout au long des phases de vie des ITT, ainsi que sur les impacts cumulés (mêlant impacts directs, indirects et/ou induits) sur la biodiversité. Les limites spatiales et temporelles des études et des modèles d’impact amènent à s’interroger sur le rôle des riverains dans l’observation de l’environnement. Cet article présente les modèles d’impact et leurs limites, avec l’exemple des Lignes à Grande Vitesse (LGV) françaises, interroge les impacts au prisme du « catastrophisme éclairé », entre expertise et grand public et propose quelques clefs de détermination des impacts diffus (impacts cumulés plus d’éventuels impacts inaperçus) sur la biodiversité. On conclut sur l’intérêt de la notion de diffusion pour penser l’échelle spatiale selon une pluralité de temporalités.
Endovascular management of a late saccular aortic aneurysm after end-to-end repair of coarctation
Authors: Kotoulas Christophoros , Tzilalis Vasileios , Spyridakis Emmanouil , Mamarelis Ioannis
Published: December 2015

Post-coarctation surgical repair aneurysm formation is observed rarely with end-to-end anastomosis technique. The redo surgery is associated with high mortality and morbidity rate. Although the minimal invasive method with stented grafts has been reported in only small number of patients, this could represent a valid alternative treatment. We present a case of successful endovascular treatment of a patient with a late post-coarctation repair saccular aneurysm.
Bioelectrical Stimulation for the Reduction of Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Marshall Ryan , Taylor Ian , Lahr Christopher , Abell Thomas L. , Espinoza Ingrid , Gupta Nitin K. , Gomez Christian R.
Published: December 2015

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the primary inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The current therapy aims at decreasing inflammation and reducing symptoms. This typically requires immune suppression by steroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Patients may be unreceptive to medical therapy, and some may discontinue the treatment due to adverse effects. Noninvasive, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is currently used as a treatment for depression and epilepsy, and it is being investigated for the treatment of conditions such as multiple sclerosis, migraines, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of splenic and vagus nerve functions in the inflammatory process through the production of certain cytokines. We hypothesize that using transcutaneous VNS via the auricular afferent branch could achieve a selective anti-inflammatory effect on the intestinal wall. This review examines the possibility of using vagal stimulators as a therapy for IBD. This could open the door to novel treatments for numerous vagally mediated diseases characterized by poor responses to current therapies.
Clinical Profile and Prognostic Indicators in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Malaria Caused by Different Plasmodium Species
Authors: Gupta Bal Kishan , Gupta Anjli , Nehra Hardev Ram , Balotia Heera Ram , Meena Shyam Lal , Kumar Surendra
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Severe malaria remains a major cause of death and morbidity among adults in the Asiatic tropics. This study was planned to evaluate clinical profile and prognostic indicators of severe malaria in adults so as to improve insight into this highly prevalent disease.

Materials and Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted on 60 confirmed cases of malaria. Cases were divided into two groups: (a) study group: suffering from severe malaria and (b) control group: no severe manifestations. All cases were thoroughly studied for clinical features, laboratory evaluation, and outcome. Prognostic evaluation was also done by different score systems.

Results

In all, 40 cases suffer from severe malaria (study group), while 20 cases belong to the control group. The majority of our cases were males of age 21–40 years. The most common species of malaria in the study group was vivax (52.5%), followed by falciparum (25%) and mixed malaria species (22.5%). The clinical predictors for severe malaria were rural habitat, longer duration of fever, marked chills, tiredness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, decreased urine output, jaundice, and altered sensorium. Extreme weakness (80%), jaundice (55%), renal failure (50%), and severe anemia (27.5%) were the most common presenting features in severe malaria. Two patients died of severe mixed malaria. The mortality rate was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin level ( P = 0.002); higher total leukocyte count ( P = 0.006), blood urea ( P < 0.001), serum creatinine ( P < 0.001), SGOT ( P = 0.001), SGPT ( P < 0.007), serum bilirubin ( P = 0.003), and parasite density ( P = 0.033); lower platelet count ( P = 0.043); and those who had more APACHE II score ( P = 0.003), SOFA score ( P = 0.04), and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score ( P < 0.001) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale ( P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Manifestations of severe malaria is becoming increasingly more prevalent specifically in vivax and mixed malaria cases. Our study proposes that there are certain clinical predictors and prognostic indicators that should be kept in mind for better management of severe malaria.
Establishment of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Resource Center for Children with Prenatal Alcohol/Drug Exposure
Authors: Løhaugen Gro C. C. , Flak Marianne Møretrø , Gerstner Thorsten , Sundberg Cato , Lerdal Bjørn , Skranes Jon
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a new initiative in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway to establish a regional resource center focusing on services for children and adolescents aged 2–18 years with prenatal exposure to alcohol or other drugs. In Norway, the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS) is not known but has been estimated to be between 1 and 2 children per 1000 births, while the prevalence of prenatal exposure to illicit drugs is unknown. The resource center is the first of its kind in Scandinavia and will have three main objectives: (1) provide hospital staff, community health and child welfare personnel, and special educators with information, educational courses, and seminars focused on the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of children with a history of prenatal alcohol/drug exposure; (2) provide specialized health services, such as diagnostic services and intervention planning, for children referred from hospitals in the South-Eastern Health Region of Norway; and (3) initiate multicenter studies focusing on the diagnostic process and evaluation of interventions.
A multiscale study of ion heating in Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Lapenta Giovanni , Ashour‐Abdalla Maha , Walker Raymond J. , El Alaoui Mostafa
Published: December 2015

Ion heating during a substorm on 15 February 2008, starting at 0348 UT, is studied with a new approach recently described in Ashour‐Abdalla et al. (2015). The general conditions of the magnetotail are obtained from a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model and are used to drive a full kinetic particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation of a 3‐D region of the tail. Within the kinetic box, the ions, the electrons, and the fields evolve self‐consistently. The large scales are captured by the MHD model and the small scales by the PIC model based on the MHD state. This approach is used to study ion heating. Different heating mechanisms were analyzed by examining the velocity distributions at different locations. In the x direction heating occurs as the reconnection‐generated ion jet interacts with the environment in which it propagates. The heating is found mostly in the separatrices and increases downstream of the reconnection region. In the y direction the heating is less intense and is found near the dipolarization fronts. It occurs as ions become magnetized and gyrotropize the distribution function. In addition, ions can be heated in the y direction by the reconnection electric field near the reconnection site. In the z direction the ions are heated by the formation of beams moving along z between the separatrices.
The importance of sea ice area biases in 21st century multimodel projections of Antarctic temperature and precipitation
Authors: Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Stephenson David B. , Turner John , Phillips Tony
Published: December 2015

Climate models exhibit large biases in sea ice area (SIA) in their historical simulations. This study explores the impacts of these biases on multimodel uncertainty in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble projections of 21st century change in Antarctic surface temperature, net precipitation, and SIA. The analysis is based on time slice climatologies in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 future scenario (2070–2099) and historical (1970–1999) simulations across 37 different CMIP5 models. Projected changes in net precipitation, temperature, and SIA are found to be strongly associated with simulated historical mean SIA (e.g., cross‐model correlations of r = 0.77, 0.71, and −0.85, respectively). Furthermore, historical SIA bias is found to have a large impact on the simulated ratio between net precipitation response and temperature response. This ratio is smaller in models with smaller‐than‐observed SIA. These strong emergent relationships on SIA bias could, if found to be physically robust, be exploited to give more precise climate projections for Antarctica.
Prevalence of Psoriatic Arthritis in Primary Care Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Karreman Maren C. , Weel Angelique E. A. M. , van der Ven Myrthe , Vis Marijn , Tchetverikov Ilja , Nijsten Tamar E. C. , Wakkee Marlies , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Luime Jolanda J.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in primary care patients diagnosed as having psoriasis and to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in psoriasis patients in primary care.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study in adult primary care patients with psoriasis. Responding patients reporting pain in joints, entheses, or the lower back were interviewed by telephone to determine eligibility and, if eligible, were invited for clinical evaluation. During clinical evaluation, skin, nails, joints, and entheses were assessed. Additionally, ultrasound of the enthesis was performed by an independent trained examiner if a patient had at least 1 tender enthesis (determined by the Leeds Enthesitis Index and the Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score). Patients who fulfilled the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) Study Group criteria were classified as having PsA.

Results

We invited 2,564 psoriasis patients from databases of 97 participating general practitioners. Of 1,673 responders (65.2%), 841 (50.3%) were willing to participate. A total of 823 patients (32.1%) reported having musculoskeletal symptoms; 659 of these patients were determined to be eligible, 524 of whom were clinically evaluated. We identified 64 cases of established PsA and another 17 cases of newly diagnosed PsA, leading to a prevalence of 3.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.5–3.9) among psoriasis patients in primary care. This prevalence would increase to 4.6% (95% CI 3.8–5.4) if PsA cases based on enthesitis were also taken into account.

Conclusion

Among psoriasis patients in primary care, the prevalence of PsA is conservatively estimated to be 3.2%, increasing to 4.6% if enthesitis is taken into account. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among psoriasis patients is comparable with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the general population.
Brief Report: Monoclonal Gammopathy and Risk of Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Tomi Anne‐Laurence , Belkhir Rakiba , Nocturne Gaétane , Desmoulins Frédéric , Berge Elisabeth , Pavy Stephan , Miceli‐Richard Corinne , Mariette Xavier , Seror Raphaèle
Published: December 2015

Objective

To assess the link between monoclonal gammopathy (MG), disease activity, and incidence of malignant hematologic disorders (MHDs), including lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM), in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

Screening for the presence of MG was performed in 352 primary SS patients. Each patient with MG was paired with 2 age‐ and sex‐matched primary SS controls without MG. Their characteristics were compared for the presence of risk factors for MG and for the relationship between MG and MHD.

Results

Twenty‐six of the 352 primary SS patients (7.4%) had MG; 88% were women, with a median age of 62.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50.3–69.1 years) and a median disease duration of 7.8 years (IQR 3.6–12.8 years). The parameters associated with MG on multivariate analysis were higher disease activity, as measured by either the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 9.7, P = 0.0002) or the Clinical ESSDAI (adjusted OR 6.7, P = 0.001), and low C4 level (adjusted OR 3.4, P = 0.04). After a median follow‐up of 6.3 years (IQR 3.1–9.5 years), 10 patients with MG had developed an MHD (38.5%; 4 had lymphomas and 6 had MM), as compared with 4 patients in the control group (7.7%; all had lymphomas) (OR 7.5, P = 0.002). The only factor associated with the risk of MHDs was the presence of MG (adjusted OR 5.5, P = 0.02), which was principally associated with an increased risk of MM (23% versus 0%; P = 0.0009), but not lymphoma (15% versus 8%; P = 0.3).

Conclusion

The presence of MG was associated with higher disease activity and an increased risk of MHD in primary SS. In the presence of MG, the risk of MM was even higher than the risk of lymphoma. These results suggest that regular monitoring of primary SS patients with MG for the emergence of both lymphoma and MM is necessary.
Development of Th17‐Associated Interstitial Kidney Inflammation in Lupus‐Prone Mice Lacking the Gene Encoding STAT‐1
Authors: Yiu Gloria , Rasmussen Tue K. , Ajami Bahareh , Haddon David J. , Chu Alvina D. , Tangsombatvisit Stephanie , Haynes Winston A. , Diep Vivian , Steinman Larry , Faix James , Utz Paul J.
Published: December 2015

Objective

Type I interferon (IFN) signaling is a central pathogenic pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and therapeutics targeting type I IFN signaling are in development. Multiple proteins with overlapping functions play a role in IFN signaling, but the signaling events downstream of receptor engagement are unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the roles of the type I and type II IFN signaling components IFN‐α/β/ω receptor 2 (IFNAR‐2), IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF‐9), and STAT‐1 in a mouse model of SLE.

Methods

We used immunohistochemical staining and highly multiplexed assays to characterize pathologic changes in histology, autoantibody production, cytokine/chemokine profiles, and STAT phosphorylation in order to investigate the individual roles of IFNAR‐2, IRF‐9, and STAT‐1 in MRL/lpr mice.

Results

We found that STAT‐1−/− mice, but not IRF‐9−/− or IFNAR‐2−/− mice, developed interstitial nephritis characterized by infiltration with retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt–positive lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. Despite pronounced interstitial kidney disease and abnormal kidney function, STAT‐1−/− mice had decreased proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and autoantibody production. Phosphospecific flow cytometry revealed shunting of STAT phosphorylation from STAT‐1 to STAT‐3/4.

Conclusion

We describe unique contributions of STAT‐1 to pathology in different kidney compartments in a mouse model, and provide potentially novel insight into tubulointerstitial nephritis, a poorly understood complication that predicts end‐stage kidney disease in SLE patients.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of CYP inhibition by 1‐aminobenzotriazole in rats
Authors: Parrish Karen E. , Mao Jialin , Chen Jacob , Jaochico Allan , Ly Justin , Ho Quynh , Mukadam Sophie , Wright Matthew
Published: December 2015

1‐Aminobenzotriazole (ABT) is a non‐isoform specific, time‐dependent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes used extensively in preclinical studies to determine the relative contribution of oxidative metabolism. Although ABT has been widely used, the extent and duration of its inhibitory effect is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to characterize ABT inhibition of CYP in rats at both the hepatic and intestinal levels. In vivo studies using midazolam (p.o. and i.v.), as a probe for CYP activity, demonstrated that CYP inhibition was not complete even at the highest dose (300 mg/kg). Additional in vivo studies demonstrated that even at 26 h following ABT administration, there was significant CYP inhibition remaining. In vitro studies, conducted in both rat liver microsomes and rat hepatocytes, confirm that ABT is a time‐dependent inhibitor of rat CYP orthologs. However, in rat liver microsomes, there was more than 15% CYP activity remaining following a 60 min preincubation at 2 mm ABT and 5–10% of CYP activity was remaining in rat hepatocytes suspended in rat plasma following a 60 min preincubation at 2 mm ABT. 1‐Aminobenzotriazole is a useful tool in elucidating the oxidative component of metabolism in preclinical species; however, conclusions made from the preclinical use of ABT should not operate under the assumption that CYP enzymatic activity is completely inhibited. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using three different approaches of OSL for the study of young fluvial sediments at the coastal plain of the Usumacinta–Grijalva River Basin, southern Mexico
Authors: Muñoz‐Salinas Esperanza , Castillo Miguel , Sanderson David , Kinnaird Tim , Cruz‐Zaragoza Epifanio
Published: December 2015

We use three different approaches of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to study young fluvial sediments located at the main channels of one of the largest fluvial systems of North America: the Usumacinta–Grijalva. We use the pulsed photo‐stimulated luminescence (PPSL) system also known as portable OSL reader, full OSL dating and profiling OSL dating in samples extracted from vertical sediment profiles (n= 9) of riverbanks to detect changes in depositional rates of sediments and to obtain the age of the deposits. The results of the PPSL system show that the luminescence signals of vertical sediment profiles highly scattered from the top to the bottom contrast with the luminescence pattern observed on well‐reset sequences of fluvial deposits where luminescence increase from the top to the bottom of the profile. The profiling and full OSL ages yielded large uncertainty values on their ages. Based on the inconsistencies observed in both ages and luminescence patterns of profiles we suggest that these fluvial deposits were not fully reset during their transport. As an explanation, we propose that in the Usumacinta and Grijalva rivers the cyclonic storms during the wet season promote the entrainment of large volumes of sediments due to high‐erosional episodes around the basin resulting from hyper‐concentrated and turbid flows. We conclude that the PPSL, profiling and full OSL dating of sediments are useful tools to quantify and to assess the depositional patterns in fluvial settings during the Holocene. These techniques also can yield information about sites where increases in the sediment load of rivers may produce poorly resetting of grains affecting the results of OSL dating. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.