bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stigma in the Prolonged Pandemic: Insights from Nurses in Two Indonesian Provinces
Authors: Marpaung Yosi Marin ,   Ernawati ,   Fushen
Published: April 2024

Background

Nurses in Indonesia have faced extraordinary challenges amid the prolonged coronavirus disease pandemic, including stigmatization. However, much is understood about this experience only from the initial period of the pandemic.

Objective

This study aimed to shed light on the enduring intensity of stigma experienced by nurses in protracted health crises.

Materials and Methods

This study is a part of a research project titled “Exploration of Stigma Towards Nurses in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” conducted 1.5 years after the pandemic onset. A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Thirty-three nurses from both urban and rural settings who encountered stigma in two Indonesian provinces participated in individual interviews using a semi-structured guide. Thematic analysis through the Framework Method was employed for data analysis.

Results & Discussion

Three themes emerged: 1) the dynamic of stigma intensity during a prolonged COVID-19 pandemic; 2) nurses’ points of reference when elucidating this intensity; and 3) the perceived contributing factors to the stigma intensity in the protracted pandemic. Participants reported experiencing stronger stigma in the early period of the pandemic. In the later period, some manifestations of stigma persisted, although not as strongly as before. When describing the intensity, nurses often referenced the frequency and strength of emotions stemming from stigmatizing behaviors—such as avoidance, rejection, suspicion, negative rumors, and disparaging remarks about the nursing profession. Eight contributing factors to stigma intensity were identified.

Conclusion

Stigma intensity during the prolonged pandemic appeared to have similarities and distinctions with the phenomena observed in previous health crises. Continuous evaluation and mitigation efforts are imperative to alleviate the stigma experienced by nurses in protracted health crises. Understanding the contributing factors to the dynamic nature of stigma intensity is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) towards Vitamin D Deficiency among Adult Population in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfadly Saeed , Anaam Mohammed , Alsahali Saud , Alshammari Mohammed , Almunef Mohammed , Almogbel Yasser , Alramadi Ibrahim , Alodilah Ali
Published: April 2024

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a worrying problem in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. However, vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays a vital role in bone health by enhancing calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Also, vitamin D deficiency is remarkably correlated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as senile dementia, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis.

Objective

The objective of our study was to evaluate the vitamin D deficiency Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) among the adult population in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross-sectional design study was conducted among the general population in the Qassim area from March 2022 to July 2022.

Results

About 99.1% of people had heard about vitamin D, and the majority were aware that sunlight is the primary source of this vitamin. Despite the fact that 72.9% of them exposed themselves to sunshine, only 46.4% of participants liked going outside in the sun. Only 13.7% of the participants believed that they receive adequate sun exposure. The majority of participants (93.1%) were aware of the significance of vitamin D for bone health, and 48.4% were aware that there is a link between vitamin D insufficiency and other disorders, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression. Additionally, the majority of individuals (91.0%) stated sunlight to be the source of vitamin D.

Conclusion

The findings have revealed Saudis to have a basic understanding of vitamin D deficiency. However, they were not sufficiently informed on the consequences of vitamin D deficiency.
CRISPR-Cas for Genome Editing - Molecular Scissors for Combating Pathogens
Authors: Ramdev Poornima Devi C. , Shankar Divya K. , Renuka B.
Published: April 2024

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, abbreviated as
CRISPR, is a genome-editing technology that permits the creation of precise knock-out
mutants by aiding the modification of gene sequences devoid of the steps involving the
insertion of foreign DNA into pathogenic microorganisms. The microorganisms are
ubiquitous in nature and harbor in the complex ecosystem of the human being. Cas
(acronym for CRISPR-associated) genes are present in many microbial genomes. The
variable nature of the microbial genome has been utilized as an integral typing tool in
epidemiologic, diagnostic, and evolutionary analyses of the prokaryotic species. The
past decade has seen an accumulating growth in the development of gene-editing tools
utilizing the CRISPR-Cas system, which essentially is a part of the prokaryotic immune
system. The development of these unique gene-editing techniques has empowered
researchers to alter and investigate organisms with ease and efficiency as never before.
This editing tool can efficiently be programmed and delivered into the bacterial
populations to explicitly eliminate members of a targeted micro biome. Manipulation
of the gene expression and regulation of the synthesis of metabolites and proteins can
be achieved by utilizing an engineered CRISPR-Cas system. Put together, these tools
present with the exhilarating opportunity to explore the complex interaction between
the individual species of the microbiome and the host organism and thereby reveal
novel avenues for the generation of drugs to selectively target the microbiome.
CRISPR-Cas technology has been employed to cope with antibiotic resistance in
intracellular and extracellular pathogens. The widespread use of antibiotics and the
escalation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria boost the prospect of a post-antibiotic
era, which emphasizes the need for novel strategies to target MDR pathogens. The
development of permissive synthetic biology techniques offers favorable solutions to
carry through safe and efficient antibacterial therapies.
Applications of Genome Editing in Bioremediation
Authors: Sharma Vibhuti , Sehgal Rutika , Angra Vani , Gupta Reena
Published: April 2024

Excessive utilization of chemicals based substances such as pesticides,
pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, inappropriate dumping of industrial materials and local
wastes, etc., into the environment is leading towards deliverance of high amounts of
contaminants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, dyes, toxins, petroleum and diesel
spills into the soil. The mingling of these materials with soil and water is becoming one
of the supreme complications associated with the environment, as these contaminants
are a potential menace to human health. Bioremediation is a process that has the ability
to destroy harmful contaminants and transform them into less toxic forms using living
organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants, etc. It is the most up-to-date nature-friendly
approach to lower the extent of pollutants in the environment. With continuous
developments in the scientific area, researchers are focussing on improving the process
of bioremediation by using genome editing technologies. The gene editing techniques
have the potential to significantly improve bioremediation processes such as xenobiotic
removal, conversion of toxic compounds to less toxic compounds and pesticide
degradation to simple components. The main gene editing techniques, CRISPR-Cas,
ZFN and TALEN, have the potential to meet the aforementioned goals. This chapter
focuses on the various gene editing tools and different genomic strategies such as gene
editing, gene circuit, etc., for the alteration or editing of the genome so that their
potential value or applications can be seen in various areas.
Designing the Metabolic Capacities of Environmental Bioprocesses through Genome Editing
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Poddar Bhagyashri , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Nakhate Suraj Prabhakarrao , Varghese Vijay , Khardenavis Anshuman A. , Purohit Hemant J.
Published: April 2024

The ubiquity of the CRISPR gene system in bacteria and archaea is
characterized by the Cas9 protein, which functions in the repression and activation of
several genes. This inherent function of the CRISPR system can find application in
bioprocess optimization in environmental and health research. Owing to the complex
and dynamic nature of microbial communities catalysing the bioremediation of urban
and industrial toxic waste effluents in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)/common
effluent treatment plant (CETP), such sites represent a relatively untapped area for
applying the CRISPR technique. DNA editing using CRISPR can enable the sitespecific enhancement in process efficiency of bacterial remediation, which under
normal conditions is hampered by its non-selectivity and saturation of binding sites
with multiple non-targeted pollutants. Similarly, under the second generation biorefinery concept, CRISPR can serve as a powerful tool in strengthening and improving
the anaerobic bio-processes by genome editing in microbes for the heterogeneous
expression of various genes associated with anaerobic digestion. Not only has the
CRISPR system been used to insert desired genes in the host genome but also to
regulate the expression of the host-specific genes. The role of methanotrophic and
nitrogen metabolizing bacteria in shaping the atmospheric gaseous composition can
also be monitored via CRISPR aided manipulation so as to regulate the nutritional
exchange between the atmosphere and the soil. Additionally, genome editing of
targeted organisms and crops has found extensive applications in various areas ranging
from the nutrigenomics, food and pharmaceutical industry, diagnostics and
therapeutics, health and disease prevention.
Genome Editing in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Srinivas Bathula , Halami Prakash M.
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria are potential organisms being exploited for a wide range of
biotechnological applications. They are photosynthetic bacteria and grow in a carbonfree medium and become attractive hosts for biotechnology industries. Cyanobacteria can utilize solar energy and atmospheric CO2
for the growth and synthesis of
biomolecules. It is used in many large-scale preparations of various bioproducts such as
pharmaceuticals, biofuels, etc. Cyanobacteria become target organisms for the next
generation of biofactories for producing desired products with a low-cost technology.
The problem in the metabolic engineering of Cyanobacteria is due to ploidy. It has
multiple copies of chromosomes ranging from 3-218 copies. There are 12 copies of the
genome in Synechocystis PCC 6803 and 3 copies in Synechococcus PCC 7942.
Segregation analysis in the conventional genetic approaches of Cyanobacteria becomes
laborious due to its polyploidy. Modern genome editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9
and 12 are available to perform genome editing. CRISPR-Cas9 has been used in a wide
range of Cyanobacteria such as Synechococcus elongates UTEX 2973, Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803. To avoid toxic effects caused by Cas-9, a low-level expression system is
adopted in Cyanobacteria. Cas-9 base genome editing was applied in Synechococcus
and produced succinate 11-fold higher than the normal. Cas-9 is used to cure plasmids
in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to develop a shuttle vector for heterologous expression.
Another variant of genome editing tool is CRISPR-Cas12a, which is successfully used
in Synechocystis sp.
The Costs of Anonymization: Case Study Using Clinical Data
Authors: Pilgram Lisa , Meurers Thierry , Malin Bradley , Schaeffner Elke , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Prasser Fabian ,   GCKD Investigators
Published: April 2024

Background

Sharing data from clinical studies can accelerate scientific progress, improve transparency, and increase the potential for innovation and collaboration. However, privacy concerns remain a barrier to data sharing. Certain concerns, such as reidentification risk, can be addressed through the application of anonymization algorithms, whereby data are altered so that it is no longer reasonably related to a person. Yet, such alterations have the potential to influence the data set’s statistical properties, such that the privacy-utility trade-off must be considered. This has been studied in theory, but evidence based on real-world individual-level clinical data is rare, and anonymization has not broadly been adopted in clinical practice.

Objective

The goal of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of anonymization in the real world by comprehensively evaluating the privacy-utility trade-off of differently anonymized data using data and scientific results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study.

Methods

The GCKD data set extracted for this study consists of 5217 records and 70 variables. A 2-step procedure was followed to determine which variables constituted reidentification risks. To capture a large portion of the risk-utility space, we decided on risk thresholds ranging from 0.02 to 1. The data were then transformed via generalization and suppression, and the anonymization process was varied using a generic and a use case–specific configuration. To assess the utility of the anonymized GCKD data, general-purpose metrics (ie, data granularity and entropy), as well as use case–specific metrics (ie, reproducibility), were applied. Reproducibility was assessed by measuring the overlap of the 95% CI lengths between anonymized and original results.

Results

Reproducibility measured by 95% CI overlap was higher than utility obtained from general-purpose metrics. For example, granularity varied between 68.2% and 87.6%, and entropy varied between 25.5% and 46.2%, whereas the average 95% CI overlap was above 90% for all risk thresholds applied. A nonoverlapping 95% CI was detected in 6 estimates across all analyses, but the overwhelming majority of estimates exhibited an overlap over 50%. The use case–specific configuration outperformed the generic one in terms of actual utility (ie, reproducibility) at the same level of privacy.

Conclusions

Our results illustrate the challenges that anonymization faces when aiming to support multiple likely and possibly competing uses, while use case–specific anonymization can provide greater utility. This aspect should be taken into account when evaluating the associated costs of anonymized data and attempting to maintain sufficiently high levels of privacy for anonymized data.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003971; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00003971

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1093/ndt/gfr456
A Web-Based and Mobile Intervention Program Using a Spaced Education Approach for Workplace Mental Health Literacy: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lam Lawrence T , Lam Mary K P
Published: April 2024

Background

Workplace mental health is an important global health concern.

Objectives

This unblinded, phase-III, wait-listed cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) psychoeducation program using a spaced education approach on mental health literacy (MHL) in the workplace. The main interest of this paper was the immediate and 3-month medium-term effect of the program on the MHL of workers. The purposely built mHealth platform was also evaluated as a health-related app.

Methods

The mHealth platform was designed using the principle of spaced education as a psychoeducation intervention program, with various modules of web-based and mobile materials presented to the participant in a progressive manner. Short quizzes at the end of each module ensured adequate learning, and successful completion qualified the learner to progress to the next level. The trial recruited 456 employees of specific industries with high levels of work-related stress. Participants who were nested in different offices or units were allocated into the intervention and wait-listed control groups using a block randomization process, with the office or unit as the cluster. A separate sample of 70 individual raters were used for the evaluation of the mHealth platform. The Australian National MHL and Stigma Survey and the Mobile Apps Rating Scale were completed through a web-based self-reported survey to assess MHL and evaluate the app. The trial and follow-up data were analyzed by a generalized linear latent and mixed model with adjustments for the clustering effect of work sites and repeated measures.

Results

Of the 456 participants in the trial, 236 (51.8%) responded to the follow-up survey. Most MHL outcomes obtained significant results immediately after the intervention and across time. After adjusting for the clustering effect, the postintervention weighted mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group for correct recognition of a mental health problem, help seeking, and stigmatization by 0.2 (SE 0.1; P=.003), 0.9 (SE 0.2; P<.001), and 1.8 (SE 0.4; P<.001), respectively. After adjusting for the clustering effect, significant differences across time were found in help-seeking intention (P=.01), stigmatization (P<.001), and social distancing (P<.001). The evaluation of the mHealth program resulted in average scores of the 4 major domains ranging from 3.8 to 4.2, with engagement having the lowest score.

Conclusions

The mHealth psychoeducation intervention program using this platform had immediate and 3-month medium-term effects of retaining and improving MHL. The platform was evaluated to have satisfactory performance in terms of functionality, aesthetics, information content, and utility in enhancing MHL. It is anticipated that ongoing development in digital health will provide great benefits in improving the mental health of the global population.
Adoption and Use of Telemedicine and Digital Health Services Among Older Adults in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Haimi Motti , Sergienko Ruslan
Published: April 2024

Background

As the population ages and the prevalence of long-term diseases rises, the use of telecare is becoming increasingly frequent to aid older people.

Objective

This study aims to explore the use and adoption of 3 types of telehealth services among the older population in Israel before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We explored the use characteristics of older adults (aged ≥65 years) belonging to Clalit Health Services in several aspects in the use of 3 types of telehealth services: the use of digital services for administrative tasks; the use of synchronous working-hours telehealth visits with the patient’s personal physician during clinic business hours; and the use of after-hours consultations during evenings, nights, and weekends when the clinics are closed. The data were collected and analyzed throughout 3 distinct periods in Israel: before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and following the COVID-19 peak.

Results

Data of 618,850 patients who met the inclusion criteria were extracted. Telehealth services used for administrative purposes were the most popular. The most intriguing finding was that the older population significantly increased their use of all types of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in most types, this use decreased after the COVID-19 peak, but to a level that was higher than the baseline level before the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 23.1% (142,936/618,850) of the study population used working-hours telehealth visits, and 2.2% (13,837/618,850) used after-hours consultations at least once. The percentage of use for these services increased during the COVID-19 pandemic to 59.2% (366,566/618,850) and 5% (30,777/618,850) and then decreased during the third period to 39.5% (244,572/618,850) and 2.4% (14,584/618,850), respectively (P<.001). Multiple patient variables have been found to be associated with the use of the different telehealth services in each period.

Conclusions

Despite the limitations and obstacles, the older population uses telehealth services and can increase their use when they are needed. These people can learn how to use digital health services effectively, and they should be given the opportunity to do so by creating suitable and straightforward telehealth solutions tailored to this population and enhancing their usability.
The Costs of Anonymization: Case Study Using Clinical Data (Preprint)
Authors: Pilgram Lisa , Meurers Thierry , Malin Bradley , Schaeffner Elke , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Prasser Fabian ,   GCKD Investigators
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Sharing data from clinical studies can accelerate scientific progress, improve transparency, and increase the potential for innovation and collaboration. However, privacy concerns remain a barrier to data sharing. Certain concerns, such as reidentification risk, can be addressed through the application of anonymization algorithms, whereby data are altered so that it is no longer reasonably related to a person. Yet, such alterations have the potential to influence the data set’s statistical properties, such that the privacy-utility trade-off must be considered. This has been studied in theory, but evidence based on real-world individual-level clinical data is rare, and anonymization has not broadly been adopted in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of anonymization in the real world by comprehensively evaluating the privacy-utility trade-off of differently anonymized data using data and scientific results from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study.

METHODS

The GCKD data set extracted for this study consists of 5217 records and 70 variables. A 2-step procedure was followed to determine which variables constituted reidentification risks. To capture a large portion of the risk-utility space, we decided on risk thresholds ranging from 0.02 to 1. The data were then transformed via generalization and suppression, and the anonymization process was varied using a generic and a use case–specific configuration. To assess the utility of the anonymized GCKD data, general-purpose metrics (ie, data granularity and entropy), as well as use case–specific metrics (ie, reproducibility), were applied. Reproducibility was assessed by measuring the overlap of the 95% CI lengths between anonymized and original results.

RESULTS

Reproducibility measured by 95% CI overlap was higher than utility obtained from general-purpose metrics. For example, granularity varied between 68.2% and 87.6%, and entropy varied between 25.5% and 46.2%, whereas the average 95% CI overlap was above 90% for all risk thresholds applied. A nonoverlapping 95% CI was detected in 6 estimates across all analyses, but the overwhelming majority of estimates exhibited an overlap over 50%. The use case–specific configuration outperformed the generic one in terms of actual utility (ie, reproducibility) at the same level of privacy.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results illustrate the challenges that anonymization faces when aiming to support multiple likely and possibly competing uses, while use case–specific anonymization can provide greater utility. This aspect should be taken into account when evaluating the associated costs of anonymized data and attempting to maintain sufficiently high levels of privacy for anonymized data.

CLINICALTRIAL

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003971; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00003971

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1093/ndt/gfr456
Real-World Registry on the Pharmacotherapy of Multiple Myeloma and Associated Renal and Pulmonary Impairments in the Greater Gulf Region: Protocol for a Retrospective Real-World Data Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nourallah Abdulnaser , Alshehri Abdulrahman , Alhejazi Ayman , Usman Binyam , ElGohary Ghada , Malhan Hafiz , Motabi Ibraheem , Al Farsi Khalil , Alshuaibi Mohammed , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Ghonema Rasha , Taha Ruba Yasin , Abouzeid Tarek , Ahmed Wesam , Diab Mohanad , Alhuraiji Ahmad , Rabea Magdy , Chouikrat Mohamed Zahir
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second-most common cancer among hematological malignancies. Patients with active disease may experience several comorbidities, including renal insufficiency and asthma, which may lead to treatment failure. The treatment of relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) has been associated with multiple factors, causing a decline in progression-free survival as well as overall survival with subsequent lines of therapy. Data about the characteristics of this group of patients in the Greater Gulf region are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to describe the disease characteristics and various treatment approaches or regimens used in the management of patients with RRMM in the Greater Gulf region.

METHODS

We will conduct a regional, retrospective study collecting real-world and epidemiological data on patients with MM in countries of the Greater Gulf region. Medical records will be used to obtain the required data. Around 150 to 170 patients’ records are planned to be retrospectively reviewed over 6 months without any cross-sectional or prospective intervention. Cases will be collected from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, and Qatar. Descriptive as well as analytical statistics will be performed on the extracted data. The calculated sample size will allow us to estimate the percentages of RRMM cases with acceptable precision while complying with the challenges in light of data scarcity. We will obtain a comprehensive description of the demographic profile of patients with MM; treatment outcomes; the proportion of patients with MM with renal impairment and asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or both at the time of diagnosis and any subsequent point; and data related to treatment lines, regimens, and MM-associated morbidities.

RESULTS

Patient medical records were reviewed between June 2022 and January 2023 for eligibility and data extraction. A total of 148 patients were eligible for study inclusion, of whom 64.2% (n=95) were male and 35.8% (n=53) were female. The study is currently in its final stages of data analysis. The final manuscript is expected to be published in 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

Although MM is a predominant hematological disease, data on its prevalence and patients’ characteristics in the Greater Gulf region are scarce. Therefore, this study will give us real-world insights into disease characteristics and various management approaches of patients with MM in the Greater Gulf region.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/49861
National Education Policy 2020 and Multilingualism in India
Authors: Mishra Sunil K , Mishra Parul
Published: April 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India casts its attention on establishing the interconnection between languages and the medium of instruction for teaching and learning. The present essay is going to deal with the role of languages in NEP – 2020 and figure out its recommendations to be imparted in the areas of medium of instruction, classical languages, foreign languages, and Indian Sign Language. The article underlines the factors that can either be proved positive or not by a concern on how NEP revised language related proposals can be implemented now through a review of existing literature and policy documents. The study demonstrates the emphasis that this policy places on mother tongue-based multilingual education in the early pedagogical years. As well, it encourages the usage of English language and other languages. The NEP as a policy of the language seeks for celebration of the linguistic diversity of India, improved lecturing outcomes and equips the students with the necessary and requisite necessary to perform in the 21st century; eventuality calls for the logical problem solving that involves teacher training and resource development. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 of India is at the very core a paradigm shifts in the country's education framework with a focus placed in multilingualism promotion. This article delves into the NEP 2020 main details anchored in multilingualism, including the "3-language formula", the mother tongue as the medium of instruction, and the promotion of both classical and regional languages. The literature review focuses on the existing studies which are addressing the multilingual education’s advantages and drawbacks. A part of the discussion and analysis chapter will focus on possible both positive and negative influence of the NEP 2020 on India’s language diversity, education, and social coherence. The final section of the article re-emphasizes on the effectiveness of the implementation process and follow-up procedure to ensure that the multilingual approach under NEP 2020 will have successful outcomes.
Unlocking the potential of large language models in healthcare: navigating the opportunities and challenges
Authors: Tessler Idit , Yamin Tzahi , Peeri Hadar , Alon Eran E , Zimlichman Eyal , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Klang Eyal
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the emerging role of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare, offering an analysis of their applications and limitations. Attention mechanisms and transformer architectures enable LLMs to perform tasks like extracting clinical information and assisting in diagnostics. We highlight research that demonstrates early application of LLMs in various domains and along the care pathway. With their promise, LLMs pose ethical and practical challenges, including data bias and the need for human oversight. This review serves as a guide for clinicians and researchers, outlining potential healthcare applications – ranging from document translation to clinical decision support – while cautioning about inherent limitations and ethical considerations. The aim of this work is to encourage the knowledgeable use of LLMs in healthcare and drive further study in this important emerging field.
Comparative study of bio-control agents against fusarium wilt in okra caused by Fusarium oxysporum pv. vasinfectum
Authors: Fatima Syeda Sana , Amjad Ali Muhammad , Jabran Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop that is susceptible to various pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum, which causes severe disease of wilt. Chemical control using fungicides currently poses risks to human and animal health. To find ecofriendly method, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different bio-control agents (BCAs) against Fusarium wilt in Okra for eco-safe management. Okra seeds were taken from Vegetable Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute. Disease samples were collected, and the pathogen was isolated, purified, and multiplied by using potato dextrose agar media. Pure culture was used for the isolation of DNA and amplification of the ITS region was accomplished by using ITS-1 and ITS-4 primers. The fragments were visualized by running it on 1% agarose gel. The PCR product of F. oxysporum pv. vasinfectum was successfully confirmed based on size of fragment by comparing with 1 kb marker. It was verified that the selected primer pair specifically amplified the anticipated 18S rDNA fragment, measuring 500 base pairs in length. Moreover, in-vitro tests revealed that BCAs like Bacillus spp. inhibited Fusarium fungus by 41.2%, while Trichoderma inhibited it by 38.5%. Control groups exhibited no inhibition of pathogen growth. Taken together, this effort has important implications for the implementation of biological management strategies in Okra field to mitigate the impact of Fusarium wilt disease.
El carácter ontológico del relato de ficción: una aproximación desde Martin Heidegger y Paul Ricœur
Authors: Jacob Buenaventura Elvia Joana
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo se inscribe en un horizonte interdisciplinario entre la literatura y la filosofía y busca justificar que el relato de ficción posee un estatuto ontológico mediante el cual es posible preguntar y “responder” a la pregunta que interroga por el sentido del ser porque, al ser abordado desde la ontología, el relato de ficción puede constituir un modelo de racionalidad para enfrentar algunas de las problemáticas filosóficas más importantes dentro del pensamiento de Occidente. Se propone que el modelo de “la triple mimesis”, desarrollado por el filósofo francés Paul Ricœur en su monumental obra Tiempo y narración, constituye el eje sobre el cual se fundamenta dicho carácter ontológico debido a que son los actos de prefigurar, configurar y refigurar los que anclan el relato de ficción al mundo fáctico. Sin embargo, existe un primer anclaje ontológico del relato en las reflexiones que Martin Heidegger hace sobre el lenguaje, el arte y la poesía, pues el filósofo alemán considera que el vínculo entre estos tres conceptos tiene un papel fundamental en la problemática del ser en la medida en que reconoce el poder de revelación de la verdad del ser en el arte, el lenguaje y la poesía, así como también la instauración y de fundación de sentidos.
Encarnar la crisis: Cuerpos, corpus y literatura comparada
Authors: Torras Francés Meri
Published: April 2024

Este texto traza una genealogía posible en la trayectoria de la literatura comparada, y se detiene en describir y analizar aquellas inflexiones que ponen de manifiesto que la disciplina ha estado siempre en crisis. Esta existencia crítica no se interpreta como un elemento negativo sino justamente aquello que hace posible que en la arena de la Literatura Comparada emerjan debates necesarios y decisivos. De entre ellos, el texto se encauza especialmente en la emergencia del cuerpo en el pensamiento literario-cultural, un cuerpo hecho corpus, esto es que se encarna discursivamente a la par que desafía los discursos, un cuerpo textualizado en la arena del combate pluri y transmedial de estos mismos discursos, que recogen los códigos y los lenguajes constitutivos de la literatura en diálogo. Así, el artículo se divide en dos partes: en la primera, se esboza esta genealogía de la disciplina en crisis permanente, haciendo hincapié en las transformaciones que sostienen la entrada en escena del cuerpo; mientras que la segunda se centra en la cuestión de esa crisis encarnada.
Borehole Water Supply in Enugu Metropolis: Water Quality Comparative Study of Sources from 9th Mile and Emene, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Hyacinth O. , Odinma Stanley C. , Ozuomba Cornelius U.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Water quality study presents status of water for domestic, irrigation, industrial and other uses. Indiscriminate and wasteful water consumption, improper waste disposal practices, and underground contamination have led to deterioration and pollution of water quality. This study was aimed at determining water quality status using parameters in borehole water. Samples from two different towns; Ngwo and Enene, Enugu East. Sampling locations 1(6o 28’24.7”N 7o 34’49.2”E) and 2(6o 27’36”N 7 o 36’46”E) are situated within Nike East Local Government (precisely Emene) while sample 3(6o 25’52.8”N 7o 25’10.6”E), 4(6o 25’55.3”N 7o 24’22.8”E) and 5(6o 25’50.4”N 7o 26’08.5”E) are within Enugu Ngwo (9thMile Corner). The parameters analyzed include; Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, pH, TDS, TSS, SS, Calcium, Magnesium, and Total Hardness, using laboratory standard methods of analysis. The data provided by this investigation shows that the water samples from Enugu Ngwo only is more acidic outside the recommended level. Other qualities of all the parameters are all measurable for both locations. Based on these findings, recommendations were presented for the purpose of improving water quality and sustainable assess in Enugu Metropolis and beyond.
Mini Washing Machine
Authors: Kadam Anup , Rajam Nagraj , Jha Vivek , Degaonkar Kishori , Abraham Joseph
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Day to day the demand of washing clothes is increased. In order to meet the demand, we are finding so many ways along with, it is very necessary to provide compact washing machines due to due rise in prices in the market. As there are many problems with space, this system plays an important role by offering a round plastic container as the main washing machine. Bond Tithe and Metal Sheet together provide improved structural stability and durability. During the spin cycle, the Spinner mechanism effectively drains water by using a High-Speed 12V DC Motor enclosed within a Rectangular Plastic Tub. Notably, an I.V. Infusion Set is repurposed, illustrating a resourceful approach to component sourcing. The prototype's complete success and its ability to spin and wash clothes efficiently prove the design's effectiveness. Space limits in urban areas are met by the small size, which is made possible by careful choice of components and materials. In general, the developed Mini Washing Machine presents an effective solution to little laundry requirements, showing an effortless combination of inexpensive components and innovative design.
Load Distribution and Time Table Generation Software
Authors: Gundavade Prof. A. V. , Khade Mrs. Arati , Makote Mrs. Pranali , Bhosale Mrs. Vaishnavi , Patil Mrs. Harshada
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In institutions with a lot of students, the manual timetable preparation method takes a long time and frequently results in different classes conflicting in the same room or with the same teachers teaching multiple sessions at once. This are just the result of frequent human error, which is exceedingly challenging to avoid in procedures like this. People typically adapt the previous year's schedule to get around these issues, but it is still labour-intensive to implement such changes. Our suggestion is to create an automated system in order to solve all of these issues. The system will receive multiple inputs, such as student, subject, class room, and teacher details; based on these inputs, it will produce a potential time.
Design and Simulation of Vedic Multiplier Using Verilog HDL
Authors: Pandey Swarit , Mohan Vaibhav , Bhatia Kamal , Srivastava Shilpa
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This Paper is created for the simulation of a high speed Vedic multiplier. In the proposed paper, the multiplier circuit is designed by using algorithms that involve Vedic Mathematics. Calculations that involve Vedic mathematics are derived from the old contexts known as Vedas. The VHDL programs are synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE simulator. The study of Vedic multipliers is done in comparison with the conventional multipliers to find the fact that which multiplier is fast and efficient and the research and analysis has shown that the Vedic multiplier is more efficient than conventional multipliers because of its fast response in digital signal processing and it gives less delay in system logic design. Vedic mathematics used in the Vedic multiplier increases the speed of multiplier as it reduces the number of partial products. Hence, the speed of the overall digital design can be increased by implementing a Vedic multiplier.
Body Image Concern and Mood among Patients with PCOS
Authors: G Aswathy , Das Sampreeti
Published: April 2024

https://www.ijraset.com/best-journal/deep-learning-approaches-for-automated-waste-classification-and-sorting
A Study on Customer Satisfaction Towards Electronic Cars in Kerala
Authors: B Sajith Kumar , Mohan Sajina T
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study delves into the intricate dynamics of customer satisfaction with electronic cars (e-cars) in Kerala, India. With a burgeoning interest in sustainable transportation solutions amidst mounting environmental concerns, understanding the factors contributing to customer satisfaction in this niche market becomes paramount. Through a meticulous cross-sectional survey approach, this research seeks to unearth the nuanced facets of satisfaction among e-car owners in Kerala. By elucidating the drivers of satisfaction and elucidating areas for improvement, this study aims to furnish actionable insights to industry stakeholders, policymakers, and environmental advocates alike.
Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases from ECG Images Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Pavani Mrs. M.S.R , Chowdary Chilukuri Rahul , Reena Neeli , Jagadeesh Ummiti , Vamsi Pecchetti Krishna
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, emphasizing the importance of early prediction and classification for saving lives. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used, cost-effective, and noninvasive tool for measuring heart electrical activity, crucial for detecting CVDs. This study leverages deep learning techniques to predict four major cardiac abnormalities—abnormal heartbeat, myocardial infarction, history of myocardial infarction, and normal individuals—using a public dataset of ECG images from cardiac patients. The research explores transfer learning with pretrained deep neural networks such as SqueezeNet and AlexNet, as well as introduces a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for cardiac abnormality prediction. Additionally, pretrained models and the new CNN architecture are utilized as feature extraction tools for traditional machine learning algorithms including support vector machine, K-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, and Naïve Bayes. Experimental results showcase the superiority of the proposed CNN model over existing works, achieving 98.23% accuracy, 98.22% recall, 98.31% precision, and 98.21% F1 score. Furthermore, when the proposed CNN model is utilized for feature extraction, it achieves the highest score of 99.79% using the Naïve Bayes algorithm.
El rol de enfermería en los equipos de respuesta rápida en la atención del paro cardiorrespiratorio: una revisión integrativa
Authors: Meneguin Silmara , Pollo Barbara , Pollo Camila Fernandes , Segalla Amanda Vitória Zorzi
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica el rol de equipo de enfermería en los equipos de respuesta rápida en la atención del paro cardiorrespiratorio, en las diferentes regiones continentales. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs y CINAHL, utilizando los descriptores: equipo de respuesta rápida, cuidados de enfermería, atención de enfermería, equipo multiprofesional, paro cardíaco y enfermería. Se incluyeron estudios en portugués, inglés y español, publicados entre 2010 y 2020, que describieran el papel de la enfermería en los equipos de respuesta rápida. Resultados: La muestra comprendió 6 artículos y abarcó prácticamente la mitad del continente americano, específicamente en América del Norte. El papel de los enfermeros en los equipos de respuesta rápida incluye dos dimensiones: la asistencial, que abarca la atención directa al paciente crítico hasta la llegada del profesional médico, y la administrativa, relacionada con actividades de educación continua, elaboración de protocolos clínicos y comunicación entre sectores, equipos y gestión de la asistencia. Conclusiones: El equipo de enfermería, en los equipos de respuesta rápida, desarrolla el papel de coordinador de múltiples actividades asistenciales y de gestión para los pacientes hospitalizados con signos de empeoramiento clínico y que necesitan intervención inmediata.
Review of the Potential of Kamandrah (Croton Tiglium L.) As A Medicinal Plant
Authors: Kurniasari Fitri , Widyasti Jena Hayu
Published: April 2024

Herbal plants are widely used to cure various diseases. Research from the Euphorbiaceae family shows activity against cancer and tumors. Croton is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family which has wide uses in the field of medicine. The Croton genus consists of various species including Croton lechleri, Croton palanostigma, Croton dracoides, and Croton tiglium with various useful secondary metabolite contents. The plant Croton tiglium L is a medicinal plant originating from China, South Asia, and India. The seeds, leaves, bark and roots of C.tiglium can relieve various diseases, including: antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, wound healing, antitumor activity. The main compound content of Croton tiglium is alkaloids, flavonoids and diterpenes. The literature review aims to explore C tiglium plants based on morphological characteristics, therapeutic uses, pharmacological actions and activities and plant compound content.
The research method used was to collect and analyze the selected literature electronically with the keywords "Croton tiglium L", "Chemical constituent", "isolation", "Pharmacological action", and "Therapeutic use". Selected literature included international and national journals that had been published on several sites, such as NCBI, Elsevier, and Pubmed, and others. Selected literature in the form of journals consisting evidence and information on chemical content and pharmacological activity.
Ginsenoside RH1 Improves Neurological Function By Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Promoting the Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Rats
Authors: Tian Wang , Guirong Zhang , Sensen Wang , Mingyue Li , Qinpin Zheng , Xue Jia
Published: April 2024

Ginseng, a valued herb in China, showed efficacies for treatment or prevention of a series of conditions in patients. Ginsenoside Rh1 is the major active component of ginseng. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rh1 on injury of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The ischemic stroke rats were treated with ginsenoside Rh1 at dose of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg by gavage. After 7-day treatment, neurological functions of animals were evaluated by adhesive removal tape and beam walking tests. Neuron injury was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The levels of MDA, BDNF, NGF and activities of SOD, CAT in the ischemic hemisphere were assayed. Treatment with ginsenoside Rh1 for 7 days could significantly improve the neurological functions (P < 0.05)and increase the number of NeuN-positive cells in rats with cerebral ischemia(P < 0.01).Ginsenoside Rh1 decreased significantly MDA level(P < 0.01) and enhanced activitiesof SOD, CAT (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Further measurement showed that ginsenoside Rh1 also increased the levels of BDNF, NGF of the ischemic hemisphere(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The present findings demonstrated that ginsenoside Rh1 improved neurological function by inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting the expression of neurotrophic factors after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
In Vitro Inhibition Assessment of Acetyl Cholinesterase by Mahabhutarava Ghrta
Authors: MP Nima , M Jithesh , MP Parvatheedevy
Published: April 2024

Psychiatric disorders can make a huge negative impact not only to the patient but also to the family and his society. Schizophrenia is one among them that may lead to alteration in cognition and conation. Ayurveda considers the usage of ghrta preparations as the best strategy for the management of such psychiatric ailments. In the present study, a ghrta yoga, Mahabhutaravaghrta which had been in practise for the management of Schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions was selected and an invitro inhibition assessment of Acetylcholinesterase has been planned. If inhibition is identified in the ghrta, it can justify the clinical efficacy of the drug in the patients.