bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Different Fibre Types of M. extensor carpi radialis longus of the Rat
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio DE Castro , Silva Maeli Dal Pai , Pai Vitalino Dall
Published: June 2007

As revealed by the NADH‐diaphorase and myosine ATPase, the M. extensor carpi radialis longus of the rat possesses at least 3 main kinds of fibres, with different distribution on the superficial and deep portions of the muscle. The superficial portion revealed that 67.68 % are FG (fast‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres, 14.72 % are FOG (fast‐twitch‐oxidative) fibres and 17.60 % are SO (slow‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres. Already the deep portion revealed that 71.29 % are SO (slow‐twitch‐glycolytic) fibres, 17.46 % are FOG (fast‐twitch‐oxidative‐glycolytic) fibres and 11.25 % are FG (fast‐rwitch‐glycolytic) fibres. The miosine ATPase reaction was used to demonstrate contracting characteristics. These findings suggest that the movements of fast contraction of the M. extensor carpi radialis longus are predominant.
Zur pränatalen Entwicklung der Glandula mandibularis und Glandula parotis der Katze
Authors: Knospe C. , Böhme G.
Published: June 2007

The prenatal development of the cat's mandibular and parotid gland was examined by means of serial section of 36 cat embryos at 14–62 days of development. Both glands were excised from the epithelium of the primitive oral cavity and branched up to day 36 of the branching phase into a specific connective tissue. This tissue contained besides fine collagenous fibres, a high amount of proteoglycans. In the subsequent separation phase, ducts and acini differentiated themselves in primitive lobules which were separated by connective tissue. In the prenatal differentiation phase, from about day 50 up to birth, intercalated ducts and striated ducts were formed. In the acini, mucous and serous cells contained different amounts of complex carbohydrates. This secretory component changed shortly before birth.
Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische Studien zur Struktur des normalen Blasenepithels beim weiblichen Schwein
Authors: Liebhold M. , Wendt M. , Kaup F.‐J. , Drommer W.
Published: June 2007

A light‐ and electron‐microscope investigation was performed to examine the normal structure of the porcine urinary bladder. Tissue biopsies were studied obtained from 10 healthy female pigs (four weanling pigs, six sows).

The bladder wall showed a typical stratification consisting of a tunica (t.) mucosae, t. submucosae, t. muscularis and t. serosa. The mucosa consisted of an epithelium transitionale, a lamina propria, and a lamina muscularis mucosae. The urothelium was composed of a basal layer, one or more intermediate layer(s), and a superficial layer. The urothelial cells of all layers were connected by desmosomes, while tight junctions linked adjacent superficial cells. Surface cells were lined by a layer of mucus, which is believed to provide an important barrier against bacterial infection. The surface of the superficial cells was also characterized by numerous irregularly arranged microplicae. By contrast, intermediate cells, which are assumed to be immature cell forms, showed microvilli‐like structures. When desquamation of superficial cells takes place, differentiation of underlying intermediate cells is accompanied by merging of microvilli to form microplicae. The morphology of the bladder surface structures may play an important role in the ability of bacteria to adhere to the urothelium.
A Quantitative Study of Ganglion Cells in the German Shepherd Dog Retina
Authors: Gonzalez‐Soriano J. , Rodriguez‐Veiga E. , Martinez‐Sainz P. , Mayayo‐Vicente S. , Marin‐Garcia P.
Published: June 2007

As in the number of mammals, the most prominent feature of the ganglion‐cell layer in the retina of the German shepherd dog is the sharp increase in the density of ganglion cells in the central area. There is an area of maximum density and also a ‘cat‐like’ visual streak, located dorsal to the optic disc. The isodensity lines of ganglion‐cell distribution is roughly concentric. Their values vary from 5300‐13 000 cells/mm2 in the central area, with the cells densely packed, to 1000 cells/mm2 or less in the periphery, where the cells are sparsely distributed. There were some individual differences amongst the animals studied, although all of them were pure‐bred dogs. This suggests that the configuration of the retina in the canine species is not only dependent on the breed itself but also on some other parameters such as phylogenetic heritage, environment, aptitude, lifestyle, or even training.
Altersbezogener Geschlechtsdimorphismus des Nucleus praeopticus medialis hypothalami beim Schwein
Authors: Smollich A. , Grossmann J.
Published: June 2007

The medial preoptic nucleus of the porcine hypothalamus is characterized by an age‐dependent sexual dimorphism in the postnatal period of the development. It manifests itself as sexual differences in the density and volume of the perikarya. A transient concentration of perikarya in the centre of the medial preoptic nucleus, especially distinctive in male piglets, is somewhat similar to the ‘sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area’ of Gorski, as characterized in rats.
Capillary Supply During Development of Individual Regenerating Muscle Fibers
Authors: Luque E. , Peña J. , Martin P. , Jimena I. , Vaamonde R.
Published: June 2007

This study describes the capillary supply of individual regenerating muscle fiber during three stages of its development. Regeneration was induced by the injection of mepivacaine in the anterior tibial muscle of rats. Muscle fiber capillarization during regeneration was analysed in semithin sections, employing the following parameters: the number of capillaries around a fiber and the number of capillaries per fiber cross‐sectional area. The results revealed that during development of regenerating fibers, the fiber cross‐sectional area increased, the number of capillaries around each fiber increased and the number of capillaries per fiber cross‐sectional area decreased. These data indicated a greater capillary supply of the individual regenerating muscle fiber during its early stage of maturation.
Etude Morpho‐fonctionnelle des Papilles Linguales chez le Boeuf (Bos taurus)
Authors: Scala G. , Mirabella N. , Pelagalli G. V.
Published: June 2007

The morpho‐functional and topographical features of the lingual papillae situated on the dorsal surface of the bovine tongue, were studied utilizing LM and SEM techniques. In the bovine species, the functional differentiation of the lingual papillae in their gustative and mechanical modes, seems to be related to the position of the papillae rather than to their morphological features. The gustative function predominates over the mechanical one on the caudal tract of the tongue body (lateral to the lingual torus and associated with circumvallate papillae). The gustative function also involves the conical papillae situated on the caudal tract of the tongue body. This gustative function is aided by additional anatomical structures: 1. The grooves situated on the rostro‐lateral side of the conical papillae; 2. The microcraters located on the top of the fungiform papillae; and 3. The furrows of the circumvallatae papillae vallum. The contact between saliva soluble food particles and taste buds is aided and made more efficient by these structures. Furthermore, a large variety of conical papillae were observed, whereas no filiform papillae were noted.
Book Reviews
Authors: Pavaux
Published: June 2007

Saban R.: To the Sources of Articulate Language (Aux Sources du Langage Articulé).

Drews, U.: Taschenatlas der Embryologie.

Cotran, R. S., V. Kumar, und S. L. Robbins: Grundlagen der Allgemeinen Pathologie (aus dem Amerikanischen übersetzt von M. W. Hess).

Eckert, R. und D. Randall: Tierphysiologie, 2. neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage von R. Apfelbach unter Mitarbeit von E. Weiler. Stuttgart, New York: G. Thieme Verlag, 816 S., 691 Abb., 49 Tabellen kartoniert, DM 89—. ISBN 3 13 664002 0

Krautwald, M. E., B. Tellhelm, G. Hummel, V. Kostka, und E. F. Kaleta: Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy and Diagnosis of Cage Birds/Atlas zur Röntegenanatomie und Röntgendiagnostik der Ziervögel (Ins Englische übertragen von W. G. Siller and A. G. Burnie).

Preuß, F.: Die Aufbaukräfte der Schöpfung oder das Allgesetz der Friedensliebe
Peculiarities of the Connection between Mesangial and Glomerular Endothelial Cells in the Domestic‐swine Kidney
Authors: Vodenicharov A.
Published: June 2007

It is established that cytoplasm fragments of the endothelial cells, located between the mesangial angles, abruptly extend their size, and borders between them are difficult to discern. They possess single microvillia on their lumenal surface, some of which are highly corrugated, branched and fenestrated. In those parts, the mesangial‐cell excrescences are tightly enveloped by the endothelium, some of them contacting directly with the capillary lumen.

On the border between the mesangium and the juxtamesangial part of the endothelium, two types of vesicles, directed towards the capillary lumen, are observed. The first type of vesicle is bigger and has a deeply narrowing section, which is directed towards the mesangium. The second type of vesicle is enveloped by a two‐layer membrane, which, in almost all cases, is connected to the endothelium.

Peculiarities in the localization of the podocyte excrescences are also detected, which gives reason to presume that the epithelial cells play an important part in the biomechanics of the renal glomerulus.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Galanin in Bovine Reproductive Organs
Authors: ŁAkomy M. , Kaleczyc J. , Majewski M. , Sienkiewicz W.
Published: June 2007

The vagina, uterus and oviduct were shown to receive galanin immunoreactive (GAL‐IR) nerve fibres, the number of which varied between particular organs. In the ovary, GAL‐IR nerves were absent. A small number of these nerves were located in the layers of the oviduct. A moderate number of GAL‐IR nerves were situated in the body and uterine horns, whereas the uterine cervix and vagina wall contained a large number of GAL‐IR nerve fibres, evenly distributed throughout particular membranes of the organs. GAL‐IR nerves were found to contain, simultaneously, either vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) or Leu5‐enkephalin (ENK). Many of the GAL‐IR nerves contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A group of GAL‐IR nerves that did not possess immunoreactivity to VIP, SP, ENK or TH was also observed.
On the Vegetative and Sensitive Innervation of the Retractor Clitoridis Muscle in Some Domestic Animals
Authors: Panu R. , Minelli L. Bo , Sanna L. , Zedda M. , Acone F. , Gazza F. , Palmieri G.
Published: June 2007

The retractor clitoridis muscle originates from the coccygeal vertebrae in the cow, ewe, goat and mare, and from the anal musculature in the sow. It terminates at the base of the clitoris. In all the species considered, a vegetative innervation was found. This was represented by isolated or grouped ganglion cells. Nervous sensitive supply was also present. This was represented by Pacinian, Pacinian‐like and Golgi‐Mazzoni's corpuscles, and by Krauses's end bulbs.

A notable difference was found in the amount and type of these receptors. They were numerous in the sow, ewe and goat, and rare in the cow and mare. Additionally, in the sow, ewe and goat, all the above mentioned receptors were found, while, in the cow and mare, only Pacinian and Pacinian‐like corpuscles occurred. The morphology of these receptors was described and hypotheses were made concerning their probable functional role.
The Leukocytes of the Roughtail Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum: a Bright‐field and Phase‐contrast Study
Authors: Cannon M. S. , Freed D. A. , Freed P. S.
Published: June 2007

The morphology of the peripheral blood leukocytes of the roughtail gecko, Cyrtopodion scrabum, is carefully described in Wright‐Giemsa and toluidine‐blue‐stained blood films, and in the living condition by phase‐contrast microscopy, using supravitally stained preparations. Mature eosinophils, basophils and small lymphocytes commonly occur in the blood, while monocytes are rarely seen. In addition, macrophages are occasionally encountered, but neutrophils cannot be observed. Developmental stages in eosinophil and basophil differentiation can be seen. This study serves as a basis for the cytochemical localization of substances within these blood cells.
Die Entwicklung der Magendrüsen der Katze 1 (Felis silvestris catus)
Authors: Knospe C.
Published: June 2007

The development of the gastric glands of the cat (Felis silvestris catus)

There are five stages in the development of the cat's gastric glands: 1. During the stage of the indifferent epithelium from day 19 to day 24, the anlage of the stomach develops with all layers; 2. The stage of gland formation from day 24 to day 41 is the beginning of the gland buds. They develop in connection with endocrine cells on day 34 into primitive oxyntic and primative mucous cells. The latter form the basis for all other cells, including the surface mucous cells; 3. During the stage of gland evagination from day 42 to 55, the anlagen are separated into primitive pits and tubules, while the cells continue to differentiate and the first intermediate cells are seen; 4. The stage of gland branching from day 56 to birth is characterized by the formation of additional glands at the bottom of the pits which change the ordinary anlagen into branched glands. During this stage, the cardiac glands are formed; 5. In the stage of gland maturation from birth to the 9th week, the peptic cells are formed and the glands start functioning. The oxyntic cells show carbonic‐anhydrase activity and signs of acid secretion, and, between the weeks 4 and 8, the peptic cells contain pepsinogen, producing a negative reaction to PAS and a positive reaction to HID. Mucous cells and mucous neck cells produce PAS‐ and AB‐positive mucin.
The Lymph Drainage of the Mammary Glands in the Bitch: a Lymphographic Study. Part II: the 3rd Mammary Gland
Authors: Patsikas M. N. , Dessiris A.
Published: June 2007

The objective of this investigation was to study the lymph drainage of the 3rd mammary gland in the bitch using indirect lymphography. The main conclusions drawn after the study of 62 normal lactating mongrel bitches were as follows: lymph usually drains from the third gland to the axillary and superficial inguinal nodes simultaneously, but in some cases it drains only cranially to the axillary nodes. It may, rarely, drain only caudally to the superficial inguinal nodes. A lymphatic connection between the mammary glands could not be demonstrated. It was demonstrated that there is a connection between the superficial inguinal lymph nodes on either side. It is suggested that lymphatic connection between the axillary and sternal nodes and the axillary nodes of both sides should be possible in some cases. Lymphatics of the mammary glands that cross the midline were not demonstrated. No relationship between the number of lymph nodes and the body size of the dog could be demonstrated.
Die transversale Kieferbewegung (Translationsbewegung) des Hundes, zugleich ein Hinweis auf die Kiefergelenksdysplasie beim Dachshund
Authors: Vollmerhaus B. , Roos H.
Published: June 2007

The Transverse Movement of the Temporo‐mandibular Joint (Translation Movement) of the Dog, also with Reference to Dysplasia of this Joint in the Dachshund Contrary to the accepted opinion, transverse movement is possible in the temporo‐mandibular joint of the dog. This movement is arched and is important for mastication. Analysis of transverse movement of the temporo‐mandibular joint was done in 20 dog breeds. Accidentally dysplasia of the temporo‐mandibular joint was found in the dachshund, a phenomenon which has not been described before.
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Study of Bovine Spleen on Frozen Sections
Authors: Delverdier M. , Abella‐Bourges N. , Schelcher F. , Raymond I. , Espinasse J. , Cabanie P.
Published: June 2007

Many monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine spleen. This study confirms accepted notions (B and T dependent‐zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 and CD8 cells. γδ cells. MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) II expression, and macrophages.
Zu den Formveränderungen und zum Wachstum der motorischen Endplatten der Mm. fibularis longus, semitendinosus et longissimus bei Schweinen
Authors: Neubauer G. , Gille U. , Michel G.
Published: June 2007

Age‐related changes in motor endplates were studied in the fibularis longus, semitendinosus and longissimus muscles in pigs. They develop from small, compact AChE‐active figures in fetuses to typical myoneuronal synapses with a branched subsynaptical structure of AChE‐active units. High correlations were found between size of endplates and both myofibre diameter and body mass. Growth analyses with respect to age, as well as allometrical approaches, showed that endplate growth slightly precedes that of myofibres, with both having similar growth patterns. The morphological changes, however, imply that the increment of synaptical area could lag behind that of myofibres.
Hatching Gland Cells of Trout Embryos as the Target of Positional Information
Authors: Blánquez M. J. , Rojo C. , González E. , Illanes J.
Published: June 2007

HGCs were found in the head epidermis, yolk sac and pharynx epithelium of trout embryos. These cells usually appear in clusters, closely related positionally to neighbouring cells. The differentiation and specialization of HGCs seem to be mainly dependent on cell‐cell interactions, which provides, in part, the positional information necessary for the cells to differentiate and localize in the appropriate place. The final secretory process is the result of a sequence of events by which the maturation of enzymatic granules occurs. The electron‐density of the granules varies according to the proximity of the secretory stage. Exocytosis of the secretory granules were observed. After secretion, each HGC undergoes cellular death by apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Anatomy of the Ductus Venosus in Neonatal Dogs (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Tisdall P. L. C. , Hunt G. B. , Borg R. P. , Malik R.
Published: June 2007

Anatomical features of the ductus venosus in 84 neonatal dogs are described. The ductus venosus was a straight conduit 1–3 mm wide and 4–12 mm long in pups with a crown‐rump length of 80–200 mm. It arose from the left main portal vein branch opposite the umbilical vein, passed between the left lateral liver lobe and the papillary process of the caudate lobe, and terminated in the dorsal aspect of the proximal part of the left hepatic vein. The left hepatic vein was dilated at this point. There was no variation in the location of the ductus venosus in the animals studied.
A Quantitative Study of Ganglion Cells in the Goat Retina
Authors: Gonzalez‐Soriano J. , Mayayo‐Vicente S. , Martinez‐Sainz P. , Contreras‐Rodriguez J. , Rodriguez‐Veiga E.
Published: June 2007

As in a number of mammals, the most prominent feature of the ganglion‐cell layer in the retina of the murciano‐granadina goat is an increase in the density of ganglion cells in the central area, as well as a concentration along a ridge extending horizontally across the retina, below the optic disc, and in the upper temporal retina. Thus, there is an area of maximum density and two streaks that are known as the ‘horizontal’ and ‘vertical’ streak. The isodensity lines of ganglion‐cell distribution is roughly concentric, with their values varying from 304 cells/mm2 in the periphery to 3592 cells/mm2 in the central area, with the cells densely packed. There were some individual differences amongst the animal studied, although all of them were purebred animals.
An Unusual Congenital Anomaly: Ectopic Sigmoid Kidney Combined with Hermaphroditism in a Newly Born Calf
Authors: Charan K. , Pawaiya R. V. S.
Published: June 2007

A rare case of hermaphroditism accompanied with ectopic sigmoid kidney in cross‐bred calf is reported. Findings revealed fused kidneys located near urinary bladder, and presence of uterus, vagina, penis and testicles. Both urinary and genital defects seemed to occur in combination and to be interrelated.
Elastic Fibre System of the Female Canine Urethra. Histochemical Identification of Elastic, Elaunin and Oxytalan Fibres
Authors: Augsburger H. R.
Published: June 2007

The elastic system fibres of the female urethra were investigated in seven dogs of different breeds. The fibres were stained and differentiated with orcein, Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin, and pararosanilin‐based aldehyde fuchsin, with and without previous oxidation. Orcein and aldehyde fuchsin revealed some subepithelial longitudinally orientated delicate fibres (elaunin fibres) and numerous coarse longitudinal fibres (elastic fibres) in the deeper subepithelial connective tissue containing the vascular plexus, as well as a network of fibres of different calibers in the periurethral connective tissue. Elastic system fibres were also found in association with the sinusoids of the vascular plexus and the urethral smooth musculature. Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin only reacted distinctly with coarse (elastic) fibres. When applied following oxidation, aldehyde fuchsin disclosed an extensive meshwork of additional delicate fibres (oxytalan fibres) in the subepithelial connective tissue adjacent to the basement membrane. Oxytalan fibres were also discernible in the sinusoidal adventitia of the vascular plexus, as well as between smooth and striated muscle fibres. Due to the predominantly longitudinal orientation of the elastic system fibres and the low urethral resistance to manual expression of urine from the bladder post mortally, when the elasticity of the urethra is still intact and the activity of other continence factors can be excluded, the elastic tissue is not judged to be a major contributory factor to urinary continence.
Morphology of the Tongue of a Male Formosan Serow (Capricornis crispus swinhoei)
Authors: Atoji Y. , Yamamoto Y. , Suzuki Y.
Published: June 2007

The morphology of the tongue of an adult Formosan serow was examined to compare it with that of the Japanese serow by macroscopical and scanning electron microscopical observations. The tongue was 13.5 cm in length and 82 g in weight. The apex showed a U‐shaped outline. There were 340 fungiform papillae and 23 vallate papillae on both sides. Filiform, fungiform, conical and vallate papillae were found. Annular pads surrounding the vallate papillae were poorly developed. No lenticular or foliate papillae were seen on the dorsal surface. These findings indicate that the tongue of the Formosan serow is smaller and less complex morphologically than that of the Japanese serow.
Ossification and Growth Rates of the Limb Long Bones during the Prehatching Period in the Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Authors: Pourlis A. F. , Magras I. N. , Petridis D.
Published: June 2007

The timing of ossification and the growth of six long bones of the prehatching period in the quail was studied. Ninety‐nine quail eggs were incubated and in total nine fetuses were selected daily from the sixth to the sixteenth day of incubation. The fetuses were stained with alizarine and alcian blue double colouration. The fetuses were studied under the stereoscopic microscope and linear measurements were obtained from the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia and fibula. The first appearance of the primary ossification centres in the diaphysis of the studied bones was found to occur between the sixth and the seventh day of incubation. Different growth patterns between the bones of the leg and of the wing were observed. Humerus and tibia showed the greatest growth rate while the radius and fibula showed the lowest.
Histology and Ultrastructure of the Gut of the Tilapia (Tilapia spp.), a Hybrid Teleost
Authors: Gargiulo A. M. , Ceccarelli P. , Dall'Aglio C. , Pedini V.
Published: June 2007

The morphology of the intestine has been studied in a species of warm water fish, Tilapia spp., a hybrid teleost of notable economic importance. Light and electron microscope results show that the intestine is a relatively undifferentiated muscular tube lined with a simple columnar epithelium interspersed with goblet cells. The proximal region has a greater surface area, manifested by elongated mucosal ridges. The enterocytes are covered apically with uniform microvilli and exhibit the typical ultrastructural features of pinocytosis, namely extensive invaginations of the luminal plasma membrane and massive accumulation of vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. The distal intestine mucosa is thinner and less elaborately folded and consists of columnar cells with shorter and sparser microvilli. Their supranuclear cytoplasm contains abundant clear vacuoles. Numerous endocrine cells can also be seen. Regional cellular ultrastructural features are correlated with digestive functions.
Immunohistochemical Study of Normal and Mange (S. scabiei var. rupicaprae) Infested Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) Skin
Authors: Rode B. , Bavdek S. V. , Lacković G. , Fazarinc G. , Bidovec A.
Published: June 2007

The immunohistochemical study of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) skin showed that a limited number of available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies expressed reactivity with skin cell components. These included cytokeratins, vimentin, desmin, neuron‐specific enolase and S‐100 protein with almost the same distribution pattern as already described in the skin of humans and animals. Antibodies used for labelling skin‐associated lymphoid tissues and other cells with the immuno‐logic function in human skin failed to demonstrate these cells in the chamois skin with the exception of LCA and OKT6 antibodies. Epidermal Langerhans cells were reliably demonstrated only by the enzyme histochemical method for adenosine triphosphatase, while the majority of mononuclear cells in dermal infiltrates showed a strong immunoreaction with OKT6 antibody. The histologic and histochemical analysis showed that the dermal infiltrations in infested skin consisted of macro‐phages, lymphocytes, granulocytes, mastocytes and fibroblasts. The chamois skin affected with sarcoptes mange showed a significant loss of cytokeratins in the epidermis and its derivatives. Particular keratinocytes showing nonspecific staining with several antibodies were also described and discussed in this paper.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Testis of the Japanese Black Bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus
Authors: Komatsu T. , Yamamoto Y. , Atoji Y. , Tsubota T. , Suzuki Y.
Published: June 2007

The seasonal changes of the cytoskeletal protein expressions were immunohistochemically investigated in the testes of Japanese black bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus. A strong immunoreaction for α‐smooth muscle actin is restricted to the vascular smooth muscle cells and the peritubular cells which surround the seminiferous tubules by several layers throughout the year. Weak immunoreactions for B4 antigen and desmin were observed in the vascular smooth muscle cells and in a part of peritubular cells throughout the year. A strong immunoreaction for vimentin was also detected in the fibroblasts and Leydig cells, in addition to the vascular smooth muscle and epithelial cells and the peritubular cells throughout the year. A strong α‐tubulin immunoreaction was detected in the elongating spermatids during the acrosome phase of spermiogenesis in May and June. The cytoplasm of several Sertoli cells was faintly immunoreacted for vimentin in the basal and lateral region, while an intense α‐tubulin reaction was seen in the entire cytoplasm in May, April and June. In November, January and March, the immunoreactions for vimentin and α‐tubulin strongly accumulate in a perinuclear region of Sertoli cells when developmental spermatids are not seen in the seminiferous tubules. These accumulations in the immunoreactions for vimentin and α‐tubulin seem to be caused by the reduction in size of Sertoli cells cytoplasm with season. However, the seasonal changes of distributions in the cytoskeletal proteins are obscure in the bear testes. These results suggest that the contents of cytoskeletal proteins may not change in relation to the morphological differences with season in the testes of the seasonal breeders.
Muscle Development in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.) and Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.): Further Histochemical and Ultrastructural Aspects
Authors: Lógpez‐Albors O. , Gil F. , Ramirez‐Zarzosa G. , Vázquez J. M. , Latorre R. , Garcia‐Alcázar A. , Arencibia A. , Moreno F.
Published: June 2007

The histochemical profiles ‐ mATPase and NADH‐TR reactions ‐ of the red and white muscle fibres of gilthead sea bream and sea bass were determined from the first week after hatching. Modifications of the mATPase technique by combinations of pH/time/molarity were carried out in order to compare the sensitivity of the myosin ATPase of each muscle fibre type of the lateral muscle. Results showed that the staining of muscle fibres was independent of small modifications in the technique. The intermediate ‘pink’ muscle was histochemically defined towards the end of the larval life and is considered to be implicated in the growth of the myotome. A layer of external cells was observed, by electron microscopical examination, between the connective tissue of the skin and the superficial red muscle fibres of larvae and postlarvae. It is suggested that the external cells are unlikely to be a source of red muscle fibres and implicated on the growth of the myotome, but rather a part of the dermatome. The timing, areas and mechanisms of hyperplastic growth of the myotome were defined and discussed.
Anatomicohistological Characteristics of Female Genital Tubular Organs of the South American Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Authors: Felipe A. , Callejas S. , Cabodevila J.
Published: June 2007

Morphohistological features of the tubular organs of the Myocastor coypus (coypu) female reproductive tract were studied. Specimens came from breeding farms with yard breeding systems. The analysis of the organs was made by histological methods and by macro and microscopic measurement techniques. The animals showed oviducts with macro and microscopically differentiable regions. Their mucosa showed primary branched folds in the ampullar sector. In the rest of the oviduct tract these folds were only of the primary type. The double uterus showed regional variations in the lumen, endometrial glands along the whole surface and a wide fibromuscular cervix with pseudoglands. The endocervical mucosa made clear a complex system of folds covered by a mucus‐secreting epithelium. In the long vagina of the coypu a folded, rugose and irregular mucosa was observed.
Light and Electron Microscopic Studies on Alpha Naphtyl Acetate Esterase Activity of the Periphral Blood T Lymphocytes in Van Cats
Authors: Yörük1 M. , Aslti R. N. , Kurtdede N. , Agaoglu Z. , Altunay H.
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the localization of ANAE enzyme at the electron microscopic level in Van cats by using an alpha‐naphtyl acetate esterase procedure. Peripheral blood samples taken from 20 Van cats were used. The percentage of ANAE positive lymphocytes was 83.0%. Neutrophilic gra‐nulocytes gave a negative reaction, whereas monocytes, eosinophilic granulocytes showed a diffuse granular positivity. In the electron microscopic examination, ANAE positive reactions were seen in lysosomal granules found in lymphocytes.
The Accessory Olfactory Bulb of the Mink, Mustela vison: a Morphological and Lectin Histochemical Study
Authors: Salazar I. , Quinteiro P. S. , Cifuentes J. M. , Lombardero M.
Published: June 2007

The distribution of binding sites for the lectins Ulex europaeus agglutinin I. Soybean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin I‐isolectin B4, and Vicia villosa agglutinin in the mink olfactory bulb was investigated. All lectins except Ulex europaeus agglutinin I bound exclusively and systematically to a single area of the olfactory bulb. This area corresponded to that in which the vomeronasal nerves terminate, indicating that it is the accessory olfactory bulb, as confirmed by microdissection and by the study of transverse and parasagittal series of the olfactory bulb. The results, moreover, indicate that the accessory olfactory bulb of the mink comprises three isolated eminences, the largest in the dorsal part of the olfactory bulb, and the other two in the lateral and medial parts.
The Distribution of Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide in Gastric Vagal Circuit of Rats
Authors: Lee H. S. , Lee I. S. , Kang T.‐C. , Seo J. , Lee B. H.
Published: June 2007

In the present study, we performed the retrograde tracing method using the neurotropic pseudorabies virus bartha strain (PRV‐Ba) and immunohistochemistry against CGRP, to identify whether CGRP exists in the gastric monosynaptic vagal circuit between dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS).

At the results, PRV immunoreactive neurons were found in both DMV and NTS. However, CGRP‐immunoreactive cells were present only in NTS, which contained no double‐labeled neurons for PRV and CGRP.

These results suggest that CGRP may not have a neuronal function in gastric vagal circuit of rat.
Morphological and Functional Aspects of Reptilian Ultimobranchial Gland
Authors: Srivastav A. K. , Das V. K. , Srivastav S. K. , Sasayama Y. , Suzuki N.
Published: June 2007

The intention of this review is to compare studies on the morphology and histology (light and electron microscopic) of ultimobranchial glands of various groups of reptiles. Moreover, experiments (including our investigations) on suppression or stimulation of the ultimobranchial gland are included.

Adult reptiles possess one (on the left side) or two ultimo‐branchial glands (UBG). The UBG lie just anterior to the heart. Light as well as electron microscopically, the gland has been shown to contain follicles and cell cords (cell aggregates). The follicular epithelium is lined by simple cuboidal or pseudo‐stratified columnar cells. Ciliated and goblet cells may be present in the follicular epithelia in some groups. The lumen may contain a colloid‐like substance with desquamated cells or debris. The UBG of reptiles seem to be an active secretory organ with influence on calcium regulation. Other functions of calcitonin have also been suggested in reptiles for example in neurotransmission, in volume regulation, phosphate balance and promotion of bone calcification (at least in juveniles).
Investigations on the Postnatal Development of the Macroscopic Proportions and the Topographic Anatomy of the Feline Spinal Cord
Authors: Maierl J. , Liebich H.‐G.
Published: June 2007

The aim of this work was to investigate the postnatal development of the feline spinal cord. Our study showed that the main period of growth leading to the cervical and lumbar enlargements begins after birth and is completed at the age of 5–6 months. Comparing the relationship between the length of the spinal cord and the vertebral column, we found that in contrast to the adult cat, in the newborn cat, length, area and volume of segments show similar values along the spinal cord. This also applied to the length of the vertebrae.

Due to a heterogeneous growth, not all segments of the spinal cord end up situated cranial to their corresponding vertebrae. As a consequence, the end of the conus medullaris is still located within the sacral canal in animals older than 2 months. These findings strongly propose that injections into the vertebral canal of the cat have to be performed caudal to the sacral vertebrae.
Gross Anatomy of the Pancreatic Lobes and Ducts in Six Breeds of Domestic Ducks and Six Species of Wild Ducks in China
Authors: Liu J. W. , Evans H. , Larsen P. , Pan D. , Xu S. Z. , Dong H. C. , Deng X. B. , Wan B. , Gi T.
Published: June 2007

A previously unreported pancreatic duct was found by Liu (1989) in Pekin ducks. This duct has now been consistently found in six breeds of domestic ducks and six species of wild ducks in China. For purposes of Nomina Anatomica Avium it is hereby called the ‘first pancreatic duct’(Ducius pancreaticus primus) since it enters the duodenum at or near the flexure where the descending duodenum becomes the ascending duodenum. All other pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum later, closer to where it joins the jejunum. This first pancreatic duct drains the caudal extremity of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas and can be easily exteriorized for experimental purposes. Within the parenchyma of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas this duct communicates with the dorsal pancreatic duct. In the present study of the gross anatomy of the pancreatic lobes of domestic and wild Chinese ducks we describe and illustrate variations in position and number of all biliary and pancreatic ducts.
SIGNIFICANT X‐RAY FINDINGS IN SOME DERMATOSES
Authors: Rauschkolb Ruth R.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Changes in bone, soft tissue and the digestive and urinary tracts as demonstrated by radiographic examination have been correlated with selected dermatoses.

Roentgenologic findings, clinical signs, the histopathology, and other laboratory observations have been collected in a few of these, chosen to illustrate the value of multiple system examination.

Roentgenograms may further substantiate the diagnosis as in tuberous sclerosis or Sturge Kalischer Weber Syndrome. Identification of the, skin disorder may compel search, often by radiographic examination, for the heralded neoplasm in adult‐type acanthosis nigricans. Sometimes a skin lesion relates a less overt symptom to yield the diagnosis as in intussusception due to intestinal polyposis forecast by the mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation of Peutz Jeghers'syndrome.

The presence of cutaneous signs and awareness of their established association with other systems may lead to the identification of the disorder as the syndrome of multiple nevoid basal‐cell epithelioma, jaw cysts, and skeletal defects.

Usually, however, the chief reward for selective radiographic examination is the establishment of the systemic nature of the dermatosis and the reminder once again specialization is neither isolation nor fragmentation.

The subject, ‘Significant X‐ray Findings in Some Dermatoses' was chosen for this very reason but quite aside and with apologies to Dylan Thomas I like to call it ‘Adventures in the Skin Trade’.
REPORT OF TWO CASES OF SPOROTRICHOSIS OF THE FACE
Authors: Robertson Donald
Published: June 2007

Summary

Two cases of sporotrichosis of the face are reported. The mode of spread of the lesions is discussed. One case was apparently cured by potassium iodide therapy. The other case proved refractory to this therapy and alternative methods of treatment are considered. A favourable response to intralesional amphotericin B is recorded.
Becker's Melanosis and Hypertrichosis*
Authors: Entwisle Brian R. , Nurse David S.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Becker's Melanosis and Hypertrichosis is a. condition occurring predominantly in young males between 10 and 15 years of age and is characterized by a distinctive brown pigmentation on the shoulders and thoracic area, often associated with overgrowth of hair. The area involved is unilateral and often extensive. After an initial period of two or three years during which the lesions increase in size and hairiness, the condition becomes stationary although there is evidence that the pigment slowly disappears in a few eases.

Seven patients were observed with the condition during a two year period in Melbourne and their clinical and histological findings are presented together with a review of the literature.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex in Five Consecutive Generations
Authors: Sehgal V. N. , Shamsuddin  , Tyagi S. P.
Published: June 2007

Four cases of epidermolysis bullosa simplex are described in a family. In five generations comprising thirty‐four subjects, twelve members suffered from the disease, suggesting an autosomal dominant transmission. Histological examination suggested the disease to be of epidermal origin. without implicating the dermal elastic tissue.
The Treatment of Pustular Bacterid with Intramuscular Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Rosten Morris
Published: June 2007

Seven patients suffering from pustular bacterid were treated with intramuscular injections of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous suspension. All the patients responded to the treatment with suppression of signs and symptoms for periods varying from four to six weeks and even longer. Where corticosteroids had been previously administered orally, the intramuscular dose of triamcinolone calculated on a per day basis was one quarter of the oral dose. Side effects were minimal.
Isolation of Trichophyton Soudanense in Australia
Authors: Frey Dorothea
Published: June 2007

The isolation of Trichophyton soudanense from a scalp lesion of a white male child is reported from Sydney and the possible source of infection is discussed. This is the first report of Trichophyton soudanense in Australia.
Case Report: Angiokeratosis Naeviformis
Authors: Apted John H.
Published: June 2007

An unusual form of angiokeratoma corporis circumscriptum is described. This occurred in a baby with a naeviform tumour affecting the left leg from the buttock extending down to the foot, with bleeding after trivial trauma as the presenting symptom.
Hair Follicle Mites (Acari: Demodicidae) from Australian Aborigines
Authors: Nutting William B. , Green Allen C.
Published: June 2007

Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis have been found in taken from full‐blood Australian Aborigines. The incidence of demodicid infestations was highest among males, 66%, in two groups of Aborigines but the mites were absent in a third group.

No regular correlation was found between the clinical appearance of the skin and the presence of the mites. One interesting case is mentioned.
Associated Dermatoses and Triggering Factors in Psoriasis*
Authors: Kocsard E.
Published: June 2007

There is a wide range of morphological variation of psoriasis which is due to structural and functional regional differences of the skin surface; to the frequent combination of psoriasis with other dermatoses; to the action of various triggering factors and to the changes produced by treatment of the dermatosis. For the understanding and management of the resulting complex psoriasiform dermatoses, an appreciation of the existence of these factors is essential.

The patch of psoriasis offers resistance to impetiginization and to super‐infection by dermatophytes.

The coexistence of eczema and psoriasis in the same lesion is common and may pass unsuspected. The combination of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis in the same individual is rarely seen.

There is good reason to believe that patients affected by keratotic (Norwegian) scabies are psoriatics.

Pityriasis rubra pilairs is not rarely a complex dermatosis in a psoriatic patient.

Some forms of palmo‐plantar and linear keratoses are of hidden psoriatic nature.

Due to modern methods of therapy (corticosteroids and antimetabolites) the number of the complex, atypical forms of psoriasis is on the increase.
Pseudorecidivism of Irradiated Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Poyzer K. G. , de Launey W. E.
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this communication is to discuss the phenomenon of pseudorecidivisam on the basis of a case report.

A large pseudorecidive tumour developed at the site of an irradiated B.C.C. and was treated by curettage and light electrodesiccation, with rapid healing and a very satisfactory cosmetic result.
Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption in Two Members of the Same Family with Different Predisposing Conditions
Authors: Moore D. B.
Published: June 2007

A report is made of the simultaneous occurrence of Kaposi's varicelliform eruption due to herpes simplex type 1 (apparently primary and from the same contact) in two brothers, each suffering from different diseases predisposing to kaposi's varicelliform eruption, namely, atopic eczema and Darier's disease (keratosis follucularis). One patient was treated with a course of I.V. cytosine arabinoside and the other with topical idoxuridine and the outcome was similar in both.
Livedo Reticularis with Ulceration : Response to Azathioprine Therapy*
Authors: Nurse David S.
Published: June 2007

Livedo reticularis is common as a symptomatic expression of underlying disease, or as an entity without discoverable cause.

With livedo reticularis, leg ulceration of painful and intractible type can occur. A patient is described, in whom such ulcers improved rapidly and almost completely, with Azathioprine and Prednisolone therapy.
Chocolate and Acne
Authors: Mackie Bruce S. , Mackie Leila E.
Published: June 2007

An account of the source, processing and composition of chocolate is presented. It is shown that chocolate liquor exhibits two exceptional dietary properties not possessed by any other food. Firstly, its lipid content of over 50% is uniquely stearie‐rich and, secondly, it combines a high lipid content with a significant concentration of xanthine alkaloids. Prepared chocolate possesses a third unusual dietary property, the combination of a high lipid content with a high sugar content. The work of Fulton, Plewig and Kligman (1969) is reviewed and it is suggested that their conclusion, that chocolate did not affect the course of their acne patients, requires revision because their calculations did not make adequate allowance for the dietary properties of chocolate. A hypothetical mechanism is described by which the constituents of chocolate may possibly aggravate acne.
LATE SEQUELAE OF ATABRINE DERMATITIS—A NEW PRE‐MALIGNANT ENTITY*
Authors: Bauer F.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Ten squamous cell carcinomata, mainly on the palmar surface of the hands, have occurred in patients who had had atabrine dermatitis during the Second World War. The lesions occurred only in those individuals who had developed a severe lichen planus‐like reaction to the drug, leading to anidrosis. Many years after the War these patients developed two active sequelae, namely, peculiar scaly red plaques and fungating warty growths. Practically all of these lesions, which were situated mainly on the hands, have become malignant after a time interval of many years. It is suggested that there is sufficient evidence to indicate that atabrine under certain circumstances, namely, in patients with tropical anidrotic asthenia, almost certainly induces skin cancer. It is thought that this is the first report in medical literature of the occurrence of these changes.
ACUTE FEBRILE NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS (SWEET'S SYNDROME) WITH MYELOID PROLIFERATION
Authors: Dymock R. B. , van Deth A. G. , Dale B. , Parry W. D. H.
Published: June 2007

Summary

A case of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in a 21‐year‐old man is presented.

Onset of the dermatosis followed sore throat, gastro‐enteritis treated with sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and signs of meningism.

Accompanying the pronounced neutrophilic leucocytosis and dermal polymorph infiltrate, there was marked myeloblastic proliferation in the bone marrow. While distinction from acute myeloid leukaemia was difficult, there was a rapid response to steroid therapy.

The findings emphasize that myeloid proliferation may be a central feature in at least some cases of acute neutrophilic dermatosis.
TOPICAL DNCB THERAPY FOR RESISTANT WARTS
Authors: Bekhor P. S. , Entwisle B. R. , McKenzie I. F. C.
Published: June 2007

Summary

Thirteen patients with recalcitrant warts were topically sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) which was subsequently applied to the warts in a series of multiple treatments. Nine of the thirteen patients lost their warts, resolution occurring within an average time of 4.5 months. The possible mechanisms underlying this form of treatmerit are discussed.