bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migración: diversas formas de maltrato infantil
Authors: Saadeh Rivera Ana Myrella
Published: April 2023

La migración es un derecho y un fenómeno social tan antiguo como el ser humano. Este artículo se enfoca en la niñez y adolescencia migrante ‘no acompañada’ presentando cifras alarmantes de niños, niñas y adolescentes que son retenidos en las fronteras estadounidenses refejando así los vacíos que existen en los países centroamericanos, fenómeno que ha aumentado en los últimos años, son grupos humanos que emigran para encontrar mejores oportunidades y lograr una vida digna.
Psicología: una dificultosa pregunta abierta.
Authors: Colussi Marcelo
Published: April 2023

La psicología sigue siendo una ciencia en construcción, problemática, algo difusa. Ello se da a nivel mundial, y por cierto, se repite en Guatemala. Aquí asistimos a una proliferación llamativamente amplia de saberes y prácticas, sin mayor -o sin ningún- hilo conductor. Lo que destaca es que prima el conocimiento empírico ante la teoría. Los prejuicios, por tanto, están a la orden del día. Entre otros, pueden indicarse: 1) habría una división entre Psicología individual y Psicología social; 2) se necesita desarrollar una Psicología latinoamericana propia, distinta a las que nos llega desde otras latitudes; 3) la Psicología social se identifca con presencia en las comunidades; 4) se entrecruzan, a punto de perder su especifcidad, la Psicología social y la práctica política. El presente escrito pretende abrir el debate ante esta situación para buscar explicaciones.
Apoyo comunitario: aportaciones para una psicología en Guatemala.
Authors: Aldana Alfaro Juan Cristóbal
Published: April 2023

En los últimos veinte años, se ha despertado un creciente interés hacia el estudio de metodologías y conceptos como “redes sociales” y “recursos comunitarios de apoyo”, términos que hacen referencia a los recursos que están a disposición de las personas, y que se pueden encontrar por un lado, en el ámbito de las ayudas institucionales (servicios e instalaciones comunitarias, prestaciones económicas etc.) y por otro lado, desde el ámbito de las relaciones interpersonales que se dan en los grupos de la estructura social en la que uno se encuentra inserto. Para el desarrollo y consolidación de la psicología comunitaria en Guatemala se hace indispensable aportaciones teóricas y metodológicas. El propósito de este artículo es hacer una refexión sobre el Apoyo Comunitario para la construcción de una psicología en Guatemala supere los rasgos clásicos de la psicología clínica, asistencialismo y/o activismo dentro del trabajo en comunidad.
Comparación de los modelos de atención a estudiantes con discapacidad en Guatemala
Authors: Soto Genovese Eimy Ann , Martín Ayala Juan Luis
Published: April 2023

En Guatemala, no se cuenta con una metodología que brinde a los docentes la guía correctade atención para necesidades especiales como tampoco los centros educativos de educación especialcuentan con programas terapéuticos que brinden los resultados para las personas. En esta investigaciónse tiene como objetivo analizar la validez del modelo pedagógico-terapéutico “Cetumismo” contrael programa “Aula Recurso” del Ministerio de Educación de Guatemala. Esto se efectuó por mediode un procedimiento ANOVA en una muestra seleccionada de docentes especializados que atiendennecesidades educativas especiales en una escuela pública en Guatemala, luego de responder uncuestionario estandarizado para valorar la calidad de la Educación Especial. Los resultados obtenidosrefejaron la necesidad de los docentes de contar con un modelo que responda, de forma pedagógicacomo terapéutica, a la atención específca de la discapacidad.
Inteligencia Emocional y su relación con el Liderazgo
Authors: Paredes Ávila Diana Valeska , Martínez Arriaza Alejandro
Published: April 2023

El mundo se halla en continuo cambio pero el liderazgo es un factor determinante y constante. La inteligencia emocional demuestra ser un criterio válido para predecir el éxito. Los resultados dependen de las personas que trabajan en ellas por lo que la necesidad de liderazgo efectivo para dirigir la organización ya no es un valor agregado, sino una necesidad clave. El presente trabajo presenta puntos de vista de diferentes autores sobre las competencias, y roles que tienen en común los líderes estratégicos exitosos, y cómo estas competencias les permiten relacionarse con otros en forma más empática y efectiva. Presenta diferentes defniciones, historia y teorías sobre inteligencia emocional y su impacto en el desempeño de los líderes dentro de las organizaciones.
Agricultural Project Management : Entrepreneurship Development Series, Volume 03
Authors: Jonathan E.I
Published: April 2023

"Project is the essential element for agricultural development. Agricultural project is an investment activity where we spend capital resources to create a productive asset for realizing benefits over time. Agriculture is the emerging growing sector contributing towards improving farm incomes, enhancing food and nutritional security, reducing rural poverty and accelerating the overall economic growth of our country.There is considerable emphasis on enhancing agricultural growth through effective project management in the areas of technological changes, area expansion, cropping intensity and value addition by attracting private investment in agro-processing sector. Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. The book represents the synopsis of the project management in agriculture. The book is divided into ten chapters that dealing with all the relevant topics in the field agricultural project and its' management. This book provides basic knowledge about project identification, formulation, analysis, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, that will be helpful for effective project evaluation and it's management in agricultural development. Chapters listed in the book deals with project cycle, project design, market and demand analysis, analysis of stakeholders and appraisal techniques etc. in an agricultural project. The book encourages the reader to treasure and periodically refer this book as it is a rare collection of what is found generally in the literature."
Influence of Gender on the Relationship Between Eating Behaviors, Age and BMI in People in Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Abdella Hanan Mohammed , Elmabsout Ali Ateia , Abdullatif Amani , Farag Noor , Elmansory Najah , Emaaisy Mona , Hamad Aya
Published: April 2023

Obesity is recognized as one of the major nutrition related disorders around the world. Eating behaviours affect caloric intake and are implicated in the development of obesity. Three types of eating behaviours (cognitive restraint (CR), emotional eating (EE) and uncontrolled eating (UE)) have been studied for associations with obesity in various populations. The aim of the present work was to investigate the interactions between eating behavior and age and to determine the influence of gender on this relationship. This study was conducted on 351 volunteers from Benghazi University students and staff, eating behaviours were measured using the revised three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). Anthropometric measurements for all participants included in this study were measured and BMI was calculated. The finding of this study showed that the age was (26.12 ± 7.749), BMI (23.99 ± 5.003), Cognitive Restraint (15.83 ± 3.662), Emotional Eating (6.74 ± 2.028), and Uncontrolled Eating (20.83 ± 4.338). The study found positive relationship between age and cognitive restraint (r = 0.110*, p = 0.039) and between age and emotional eating (r = 0.123*, p = 0.021). However, relationships were stronger only in women, the study also found a positive relationship between BMI and cognitive restraint (r = 0.184**, p < .01), emotional eating (r = 0.217**, p < .01) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.260**, p < .01) for the whole sample. But when we split the population by sex the relationships were significant only in women. The results of this study show age was associated with cognitive restraint and emotional eating only in female.  BMI was positively correlated with three factor eating score, when the sample divided by sex, the association were significant only in women.
COVID-19: Examining the Impact of the Global Pandemic on Violent Crime Rates in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Avila Derek , Gao Huan , Randol Blake , Chintakrindi Sriram
Published: April 2023

This study focuses on how a global pandemic like COVID-19 affects violent crimes in the city of Stockton, California. The violent crimes that we will be examining are homicide, robbery, rape, simple assault, and aggravated assault. We obtained crime data from the LexisNexis Community Crime Map and obtained COVID-19 data from the San Joaquin County Health Department regarding the city of Stockton. We developed the results of this research by using time-series plots and interrupted time-series analysis. Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 caused a statistically significant change in the slope for rape, robbery, and simple assault violent crimes. Finally, we discuss in our policy implications section that the Stockton Police Department should establish more community outreach programs that could help prevent these types of violent crimes.
Recherches anthropologiques et contexte politique en milieu attikamek et montagnais
Authors: Charest Paul
Published: April 2023

Depuis une dizaine d’années, le contexte politique de la recherche anthropologique en milieu amérindien a beaucoup changé. La nouvelle poussée capitaliste vers les ressources du Nord canadien a provoqué une réaction de défense de leurs droits territoriaux chez les autochtones habitant ces régions. La démonstration du bien-fondé et de la nature de ces droits dans le cadre des négociations avec les autorités fédérales et provinciales a suscité de nombreuses recherches portant en particulier sur l’occupation territoriale et l’exploitation des ressources fauniques. À la lumière d’une expérience d’anthropologie « impliquée », c’est-à-dire venant appuyer une démarche politique amérindienne, l’auteur conclut que l’anthropologue doit être plus conscient que par le passé des buts de sa recherche et de l’utilisation des résultats.
The Politics of Community Relocation: An Eastern Cree Example
Authors: Preston Richard J.
Published: April 2023

In the fall of 1977 the Nemaska Band held a meeting with representatives of the Grand Council of the Crees (of Quebec), Peat, Marwick & Partners, Daniel Arbour & Associates, DINA, and some other consultants. The meeting was held at the proposed site for the new Nemaska community, and lasted four days. It began with a bear feast and ended with a community plan. In the five years following, much of the plan has been successfully implemented. This case study contrasts with the more typical studies of failure in planning, or failure in implementation. While the study of a success is no excuse for ignoring problems faced by other prople, the Nemaska case can serve a constructive role in identifying the means to success in dealing with goals, obstacles, strategies, and practical steps for development.
Some Early Influences on Metis Political Organization
Authors: Sawchuk Joe
Published: April 2023

Modern Native political organizations are generally assumed to be a relatively recent phenomenon in Canada, first coming into prominence in the mid-sixties. But many of these organizations have been in existence for fifty years or more, and were often preceded by similar organizations as far back as the 1890’s. This paper is concerned with the development of those political organizations specifically devoted to the cause of the Metis in Western Canada, describing some of the influences on their structures and some of the consequences these have had for the contemporary situation.
Cultural Relativism, Marxism, and Soviet Policy toward the Khanty
Authors: Bartels Dennis
Published: April 2023

The aims of this paper are fivefold: 1- to present data regarding some specific instances of conflict and change among the Khanty of western Siberia during the 1930’s; 2- to show that these changes cannot be evaluated from a cultural relativist point of view; 3- to evaluate these changes in light of a critique of cultural relativism recently proposed by Arthur Hippler; 4- to tentatively outline a Marxist critique of cultural relativism which is based on the ideas of several Soviet and Western anthropologists; and, 5- to evaluate changes among the Khanty during the 1930’s in light of this Marxist critique of cultural relativism.
Intra-Group Diversity and How it is Managed by an Outlaw Motorcycle Club
Authors: Wolf Daniel R. , Young David E.
Published: April 2023

A deviant subculture such as an outlaw motorcycle club must be able to accommodate internal diversity because a repertoire of differing talents, ideas, and attitudes facilitates an adequate response to the disparate demands placed upon the organization. At the same time that intra-member variation is an asset, however, diversity frequently must be camouflaged in order to maintain the integration necessary to survive in a hostile environment. The need for camouflage varies in relation to the degree of perceived threat. This theme is examined in three different contexts: the clubhouse, the club bar, and violent encounters with outside society.
The Quest For A Cure: A Case Study in the Use of Health Care Alternatives
Authors: Kennedy Dorothy
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the use of health care alternatives by a culturally-conservative Canadian Indian man who suffers from statis ulcers, a disorder he has attributed to both natural and unnatural origins. A case study is presented that utilizes a conceptual framework from medical anthropology. This case study illustrates the cultural and social determinants of health seeking; the perceived etiology, degree of impairment, and the efficacy of the treatment and its cultural relevance are all found to be significant factors in the selection of therapeutic resources. Ritualized performances of Native shamans are found to be an integral part of the healing process.
Le mythe du corps bouché
Authors: Schwimmer Eric
Published: April 2023

De nombreux groupes ont des théories sur les maladies qui ne sont pas toujours des théories médicales. Cet article traite des théories que les Orokaiva, un peuple de Nouvelle Guinée, développent à propos d’une maladie dénommée par eux tiambu peambu, dont le blocage de tous les orifices du corps constitue le symptôme central. Ce texte discute de cas de cette maladie, de traitements et de mythes s’y rapportant, et analyse différentes théories des Orokaiva à leur propos. Celles-ci peuvent être naturalistes, spiritualistes, ritualistes ou encore culturo-historiques et idéologiques et portent à une conclusion : les signes du corps constituent des signifiants polysémiques interprétés différemment suivant les situations faisant problème et ce, particulièrement dans les cultures considérant la maladie comme un fait de groupe et ne disposant pas d’une panoplie réelle de médicaments courants. Le fait que peu de lecteurs occidentaux connaissent la maladie étudiée ou même en reconnaîtront l’existence, nous a semblé un point de départ propice à la présentation de quelques réflexions sur l’épistémologie de l’anthropologie médicale.
Amis, parents et alliés : les formes de l’amitié chez les Senufo (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Sindzingre Nicole
Published: April 2023

À partir du cas d’une société lignagère matrilinéaire, les Senufo de Côte d’ivoire, l’auteur montre l’importance de la notion d’amitié pour la cohérence de leur organisation sociale. Les diverses formes possibles d’amitié sont décrites, ainsi que leur articulation aux structures locales de la parenté et de l’alliance respectivement : selon le type d’amitié, parenté, alliance et amitié sont en relation d’opposition ou d’homologie, de compatibilité ou d’incompatibilité, et de transformation diachronique. Deux attributs principaux fondent la cohérence de ces trois domaines : la distribution des relations entre la distance et la familiarité et le fait qu’elles engagent des groupes lignagers ou seulement des individus.
Du travail indien au travail pour les Indiens
Authors: Collin Dominique
Published: April 2023

Quelle place occupent les valeurs traditionnelles dans la vision du monde et les projets d’avenir des différents sous-groupes d’une communauté innu (montagnaise) de la côte nord du Québec, sédentarisée depuis deux générations? Derrière le consensus sur la place centrale de la tradition, des interprétations divergentes surgissent quant à sa nature et aux projets qui en découlent ; seul élément commun : l’objectif de recouvrer le contrôle de la destinée du groupe. La tradition comme modèle d’occupation (travail indien) des anciens devient, chez les jeunes plus scolarisés, une manière de penser qu’il s’agit désormais de dégager de ses formes anciennes. Le travail non traditionnel ne sera toutefois investi d’une charge émotionnelle que dans la mesure où il contribue à l’autonomie du groupe (travail pour les Indiens).
La résurrection d’une langue morte : le cas de l’hébreu moderne
Authors: Bentolila Yaakov
Published: April 2023

Après 17 siècles de léthargie, l’hébreu, langue littéraire et religieuse, recouvre sa vitalité grâce à un processus ayant ses racines dans l’émancipation des Juifs en Europe. Sous l’effet de courants assimilatoires, l’hébreu connaît alors un renouveau littéraire laïc. Cette renaissance littéraire sera à la base de la résurrection de l’hébreu parlé, quand, dans un cadre idéologique totalement différent, les sionistes s’attacheront à l’hébreu comme à un symbole national et travailleront à le faire revivre. L’opiniâtreté des pionniers, et tout particulièrement celle d’Eliézer Ben Yehouda, qui entreprennent la standardisation et la diffusion de l’hébreu, ainsi que les conditions qui se créent en Palestine avec l’afflux d’immigrants de diverses origines, vont permettre à cette langue de redevenir une langue naturelle. Le présent article tente de décrire les aspects historiques, idéologiques et pratiques du phénomène si unique de cette réussite.
Enracinement de l’identité : la tenure foncière à Longana, Vanuatu
Authors: Rodman Margaret
Published: April 2023

Les études ethnologiques de tenure foncière laissent en général de côté le concept de « lieu » perçu comme un espace vécu pour se consacrer principalement aux droits de propriété conçus comme des segments hiérarchisés à l’intérieur d’un régime foncier. Cependant, ces catégories de jure peuvent être artificielles et mal s’accorder aux modes de comportement qui se manifestent dans l’organisation des droits d’accès à la terre. Cet article traite de la tenure foncière traditionnelle à partir d’une interprétation des signes qui sous-tendent l’enracinement dans les lieux. L’espace, pour les gens de Longana dans l’île d’Aoba, au Nord du Vanuatu, c’est d’abord un lieu. À partir de cette idée, je définis la signification de lieux habités et j’avance comme hypothèse centrale que les signes que les gens affichent dans leur interaction avec leur univers social et physique peuvent avoir une importance plus grande que ne l’ont les principes de parenté et de filiation pour la transmission du contrôle foncier. Ce type d’approche apporte une dimension nouvelle à l’étude de la tenure foncière traditionnelle : la terre n’est plus ici un simple contexte passif, mais elle foisonne au contraire de significations que les hommes ont créées en s’appropriant le monde.
Complémentarité, symétrie et hiérarchie. Les organisations dualistes irigwe et rukuba (Nigéria central)
Authors: Muller Jean-Claude
Published: April 2023

Deux hypothèses de recherche s’affrontent aujourd’hui dans l’étude des systèmes de classifications dualistes. Celle qui, suivant Needham, y cherche exclusivement complémentarité et symétrie et celle, s’inspirant de Dumont, qui tente d’y découvrir une hiérarchie. Mais ces études sont tirées de documents publiés qui font abstraction du discours local sur ces questions. Cet article, au contraire, tient compte du discours populaire de deux sociétés à organisation dualiste et il est montré que ceux qui vivent dans ces systèmes utilisent à la fois un discours complémentaire et égalitaire ainsi qu’un discours hiérarchique selon les circonstances, tout comme si l’un ne pouvait pas se penser sans l’autre à tel point qu’en l’absence de vraie hiérarchie, on en invente une fictive.
The Meaningful Universe: Intersecting Forces in Beaver Indian Cosmology
Authors: Mills Antonia
Published: April 2023

The Beaver Indians of Northeastern B.C. view the events of their world as the manifestation of forces operating between the various levels of spirit. This fundamental shamanic world view has undergone several waves of Christian influence. The first part of the paper describes the meaningful universe that resulted from the intersection of the ancient shamanic philosophy with the Prophet Dance religion. The second part of the paper describes the recent conversion of some Beaver to Pentecostal Christianity and then compares this world view to the antecedent shamanic, the current Prophet Dance and the White Pentecostal philosophy. It demonstrates that the Beaver Indian “Meaningful Universe” maintains a striking similarity to its past versions.
Sami Shamanism: Religions Variation in a Changing Ecosystem
Authors: Kasten Erich
Published: April 2023

Shamanism, as defined in this paper, existed among the Sami only into the 19th century. Besides its relatively early dissolution it displays certain unique features, as well as basic ideological similarities, that distinguish it from circumpolar shamanism in general. These variations are studied here as indicators of religious change in two periods of Sami history: the period of the impact of the Black Death and the period of the transition to reindeer pastoralism.
Early Christianity’s Polemical views of Jews and Judaism: a Sociological Perspective
Authors: Lightstone Jack N.
Published: April 2023

Early Christians had no single, shared perception of Jews and of Judaism. For some, Jews are demonic, while for others, they provide access to heaven’s blessings. It appears difficult to account for such variation in theological terms alone. Rather, distinctive social patterns extant in Late Antique Christianity better explain either the abhorrence of, or fascination with, Jews and Judaic rites. One such social pattern characterizes emergent Roman orthodoxy. Another reflects an earlier, more decentralized Christianity which persisted alongside the former well into the late 4th century, if not beyond. For each type of Christian community the characterization of jews is shown to “fit” the group’s “mapping” (1) of thelociof the sacred and (2) of social order and authority. These congruences help render each mapping cogent—and with them, the perceptions of Jews and Judaism.
Polynesian Kingship and the Potlatch
Authors: Morgan R. Christopher
Published: April 2023

The form of exchange seen in the potlatch is gift reciprocity which validates position in systems where ranks realign over the generations. Improved understanding of movement in hierarchy within a relatively centralized system from Polynesia stimulates fresh comparison between the Northwest Coast and Oceania. The complex stratified policy of Tonga entails rivalry and competition for title between members of the ranking elite. Competitive exchange is part of wider relations between titleholders and their supporting groups though it does not itself determine rank. Calculations to lift rank are made through marriages and warfare which bring control over the accumulation, distribution and acceptance of gifts.
Creating Connected Identities Among Japanese Company Employees: Learning to be Members of Department Store Work Communities
Authors: Creighton Millie
Published: April 2023

This paper looks at the meanings, values, and idioms associated with work for members of Japanese permanent employment jobs in a sector of society where this has not previously been well explored - large-retailing organizations. It discusses the boundary markers that distinguish members from outsiders and marginals, and explains the ambiguous identities of part-timers and "helper clerks." The initial year in a Japanese permanent employment job is presented as an intense training period and also a liminal period involving the creation of new social persona and their aggregation into corporate work communities. The paper shows how new department store employees are socialized through training programs, company retreats, and other practices, then discusses the ongoing channeling of employee identities into structured networks ofsenpai-khai(senior-junior) and entry-year cohort relationships. It also discusses cases of "individualists" who do not fit easily into the company as community ideology. Based on research conducted from the mid-1980s to early 1990s, the paper provides a comparative update to earlier ethnographies of Japanese work in the permanent employment System.
Maya Ruins, Cultural Tourism and the Contested Symbolism of Collective Identities
Authors: W. Ehrentraut Adolf
Published: April 2023

The more accessible archaeological sites of the ancient Maya have become cultural attractions for international mass tourism. Their development is a function of occupational and economic factors that construct an unrepresentative image of Maya civilization as a modem cultural production. While this image is part of the official heritage of modern nation states, the interaction of mass tourism and cultural resource management is creating a supranational structural framework conducive to the development of Maya ethnonationalism.
Polygamie à la française ou l’occident exotisé
Authors: Legros Dominique
Published: April 2023

Cet article est une exploration des effets de connaissance résultant de l’approche exotique en anthropologie. L’objet d’étude est la monogamie occidentale telle qu’elle peut être vue du dehors, et plus particulièrement la forme qu’elle a récemment prise en France. La monogamie est d’abord analysée du point de vue d’un intellectuel africain qui en critique les effets pervers pour mieux souligner l’importance de conserver en Afrique l’institution de la polygamie. L’étude reprend ensuite la conception anglo-saxonne du mariage pour montrer qu’en France, terre officiellement monogame, l’union libre autorise en fait les citoyens à entrer dans des relations matrimoniales polygynes et polyandres vraies. On constate enfin qu’une analyse fondée sur la théorie française de l’alliance aurait conduit à des résultats opposés.
A Review of Traditional Environmental Knowledge: An Interdisciplinary Canadian Perspective
Authors: G. Kuhn Richard , Duerden Frank
Published: April 2023

Over the past fifteen years there has been increasing interest in the nature and application of Traditional Environmental Knowledge (TEK) in Canada. This lias coincided with the settlement of land claims, the emergence of comanagement regimes, and the ascendancy of First Nation power and influence in formal decision making processes. Discourses on actual and potential applications of TEK in land and resource management are the focus of this paper. TEK is the outcome of complex interactions between a culture and the natural environment. Although there are different cosmologies and adaptations, common themes emerge in the way knowledge is acquired and communicated. There is also a great deal of value in its application. However, a number of issues remain to be resolved such as the compatibility between Western scientific knowledge and TEK, and the acquisition and application of TEK by "outsiders." As knowledge is taken from its immediate context it is "abstracted" to conform with the needs of the user and to the scale at which it is being applied. Two subsequent issues emerge. First, TEK is transformed as it is removed from its original context, and second, it may be co-opted in the name of resource and land management decisions that do not necessarily serve First Nations’ interests.
Réception sociologique des travaux de Colette Guillaumin en France : une lente appropriation
Authors: Bertheleu Hélène , Rétif Sarah
Published: April 2023

Cet article propose d’explorer la manière dont les travaux de Colette Guillaumin ont été reçus et lus en France par ses collègues sociologues, entre les années 1970 et aujourd’hui. Leur réception semble d’abord faible, entravée par un puissant nationalisme méthodologique qui imprègne alors les sciences sociales françaises. Ses apports théoriques sont néanmoins partagés dans quelques cercles dont nous éclairerons les acteurs et leurs débats. Cette réception apparaît à la fois lente, fragmentée, et divisée entre des chercheur.e.s en relations interethniques pour qui le racisme n’en constitue qu’une dimension, d’une part, et d’autre part des chercheur.e.s investi.e.s dans la création du champ des études féministes. Ce n’est qu’au cours des années 2000 que ses outils conceptuels ont commencé à circuler plus largement, sous diverses formes, visant souvent l’articulation des rapports sociaux de sexe, de classe et de race.
Quand la domination impose les termes de la révolte
Authors: Deslauriers Félix L.
Published: April 2023

À partir de l’exemple de la catégorie « homosexuels », cet article montre l’intérêt de l’oeuvre de Colette Guillaumin pour l’étude des catégories « de sexualité » ou « d’orientation sexuelle ». Portant surtout sur les notions de « race » et de « sexe », ses travaux sont peu mobilisés à cette fin. Ils présentent néanmoins de précieuses contributions pour dénaturaliser les catégories de sexualité. Et pour penser, en retour, leur naturalisation par le discours comme effet et moyen de rapports de pouvoir concrets. Par ailleurs, ils peuvent former un cadre pour examiner les stratégies actuelles de résistance à la catégorisation. L’article présente brièvement deux exemples de ces discours de résistance. Il explore ensuite les apports théoriques de Guillaumin pour penser la (dé)construction de la catégorie « homosexuels ».
Peut-on être guadeloupéenne, potomitan et féministe?
Authors: Mulot Stéphanie
Published: April 2023

L’auteure questionne la façon dont les femmes de la Guadeloupe s’engagent dans des mobilisations féminines en se définissant ou non comme féministes et en revendiquant ou en dénonçant les injonctions culturelles à se conformer au modèle traditionnel de l’identité féminine noire : lepotomitan, personnage maternel sacralisé dans sa résistance, sa combativité et ses sacrifices. Revenant sur les engagements politiques et associatifs de femmes de plus de 50 ans, et déconstruisant l’archétype dupotomitanqui délégitime souvent le recours au féminisme, l’auteure interroge les raisons pour lesquelles le féminisme européen et ses principes peuvent être perçus comme contraires aux besoins des femmes guadeloupéennes, dans cette société postcoloniale.
Optimal Routing and Charging of Electric Logistics VehiclesBased on Long-Distance Transportation and Dynamic Transportation System
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Bin , Zhao Zhenghui , Tang Kuanwu
Published: April 2023

The application of electric vehicles (EVs) in the logistics industry has become more extensive. However, the mileage limitation of electric logistics vehicles (ELVs) and the long-distance distribution of ELVs have become urgent problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a long-distance distribution model for ELVs based on dynamic traffic information considering fleet mileage, distribution time and total distribution cost as the optimisation objectives, thus reasonably planning road selection and charging, and alleviating “mileage anxiety” in the long-distance distribution of ELVs. The model proposed in this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of the high-speed and low-speed roads, the changes in road traffic flow on weekdays and non-weekdays, the time-of-use electricity price of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and uses the M/M/s queuing theory model to determine the charging waiting time. Finally, a real traffic network is taken as an example to verify the practicability and effectiveness of this model.
The normalization model predicts responses in the human visual cortex during object-based attention
Authors: Doostani Narges , Hossein-Zadeh Gholam-Ali , Vaziri-Pashkam Maryam
Published: April 2023

Divisive normalization of the neural responses by the activity of the neighboring neurons has been proposed as a fundamental operation in the nervous system based on its success in predicting neural responses recorded in primate electrophysiology studies. Nevertheless, experimental evidence for the existence of this operation in the human brain is still scant. Here, using functional MRI, we examined the role of normalization across the visual hierarchy in the human visual cortex. Using stimuli form the two categories of human bodies and houses, we presented objects in isolation or in clutter and asked participants to attend or ignore the stimuli. Focusing on the primary visual area V1, the object-selective regions LO and pFs, the body-selective region EBA, and the scene-selective region PPA, we first modeled single-voxel responses using a weighted sum, a weighted average, and a normalization model and demonstrated that although the weighted sum and weighted average models also made acceptable predictions in some conditions, the response to multiple stimuli could generally be better described by a model that takes normalization into account. We then determined the observed effects of attention on cortical responses and demonstrated that these effects were predicted by the normalization model, but not by the weighted sum or the weighted average models. Our results thus provide evidence that the normalization model can predict responses to objects across shifts of visual attention, suggesting the role of normalization as a fundamental operation in the human brain.
cAMP−EPAC−PKCε−RIM1α signaling regulates presynaptic long-term potentiation and motor learning
Authors: Wang Xin-Tai , Zhou Lin , Dong Bin-Bin , Xu Fang-Xiao , Wang De-Juan , Shen En-Wei , Cai Xin-Yu , Wang Yin , Wang Na , Ji Sheng-Jian , Chen Wei , Schonewille Martijn , Zhu J Julius , De Zeeuw Chris I , Shen Ying
Published: April 2023

The cerebellum is involved in learning of fine motor skills, yet whether presynaptic plasticity contributes to such learning remains elusive. Here, we report that the EPAC-PKCε module has a critical role in a presynaptic form of long-term potentiation in the cerebellum and motor behavior in mice. Presynaptic cAMP−EPAC−PKCε signaling cascade induces a previously unidentified threonine phosphorylation of RIM1α, and thereby initiates the assembly of the Rab3A−RIM1α−Munc13-1 tripartite complex that facilitates docking and release of synaptic vesicles. Granule cell-specific blocking of EPAC−PKCε signaling abolishes presynaptic long-term potentiation at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses and impairs basic performance and learning of cerebellar motor behavior. These results unveil a functional relevance of presynaptic plasticity that is regulated through a novel signaling cascade, thereby enriching the spectrum of cerebellar learning mechanisms.
A dynamic bactofilin cytoskeleton recruits an M23 endopeptidase to control bacterial morphogenesis
Authors: Osorio-Valeriano Manuel , Cserti Emöke , Pöhl Sebastian , Hernández-Tamayo Rogelio , Biboy Jacob , Sobetzko Patrick , Vollmer Waldemar , Graumann Peter L. , Thanbichler Martin
Published: April 2023

Bactofilins have emerged as a widespread family of cytoskeletal proteins with important roles in bacterial morphogenesis, but their precise mode of action is still incompletely understood. Here, we identify the bactofilin cytoskeleton as a key regulator of cell growth in the stalked budding alphaproteobacterium
Hyphomonas neptunium
. We show that in this species, the lack of bactofilins causes severe morphological defects, resulting from unconstrained growth of the stalk and bud compartments. In line with this finding, bactofilin polymers localize dynamically to the stalk base and then to the incipient bud neck prior to the onset of bud formation, suggesting that they act as a barrier that retains the cell wall biosynthetic machinery in the respective growth zones. Notably, in a broad range of species, bactofilin genes lie adjacent to genes encoding cell wall hydrolases of the M23 peptidase family. We show that the corresponding
H. neptunium
endopeptidase, LmdC, is a bitopic membrane protein with peptidoglycan hydrolase activity that colocalizes with the bactofilin cytoskeleton, dependent on a direct interaction of its cytoplasmic tail with the bactofilin cytoskeleton. A functional association of bactofilins with M23 peptidases is further verified by studies of the spiral-shaped alphaproteobacterium
Rhodospirillum rubrum
, whose bactofilin and LmdC homologs colocalize at the inner cell curvature, forming a complex that modulates the degree of cell helicity. These findings indicate that bactofilins and M23 peptidases form a conserved functional module that is critical for cell shape determination in morphologically complex bacteria.
Differential expression of some termite neuropeptides and insulin/IGF-related hormones and their plausible functions in growth, reproduction and caste determination
Authors: Veenstra Jan A.
Published: April 2023

Background

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and other insulin-like peptides (ilps) are important hormones regulating growth and development in animals. Whereas most animals have a single female and male adult phenotype, in some insect species the same genome may lead to different final forms. Perhaps the best known example is the honeybee where females can either develop into queens or workers. More extreme forms of such polyphenism occur in termites, where queens, kings, workers and soldiers coexist. Both juvenile hormone and insulin-like peptides are known to regulate growth and reproduction as well as polyphenism. In termites the role of juvenile hormone in reproduction and the induction of the soldier caste is well known, but the role of IGF and other ilps in these processes remains largely unknown. Here the various termite ilps are identified and hypotheses regarding their functions suggested.

Methods

Genome assemblies and transcriptome short read archives (SRAs) were used to identify insulin-like peptides and neuropeptides in termites and to determine their expression in different species, tissues and castes.

Results and Discussion

Termites have seven different ilps, i.e. gonadulin, IGF and an ortholog of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 7 (dilp7), which are commonly present in insects, and four smaller peptides, that have collectively been called short IGF-related peptides (sirps) and individually atirpin, birpin, cirpin and brovirpin. Gonadulin is lost from the higher termites which have however amplified the brovirpin gene, of which they often have two or three paralogs. Based on differential expression of these genes it seems likely that IGF is a growth hormone and atirpin an autocrine tissue factor that is released when a tissue faces metabolic stress. Birpin seems to be responsible for growth and in the absence of juvenile hormone this may lead to reproductive adults or, when juvenile hormone is present, to soldiers. Brovirpin is expressed both by the brain and the ovary and likely stimulates vitellogenesis, while the function of cirpin is less clear.
Rice Variety Preferences in Bangladesh – What is the Role of Public Breeders?
Authors: Biswas Amlan , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam , Hoque Muhammad Ziaul , Mamun Md. Abdullah Al , Habib Muhammad Ashraful , Nayak Swati , Islam Saidul , Nuruzzaman  , Mann Stefan
Published: April 2023

This study compared preferred rice varieties by millers and farmers in Bangladesh, hypothesizing that public breeders would focus on public goods like disease resistance, whereas private breeders would focus on profits in the entire chain. Primary data were collected from 99 farmers and 68 millers, who are among the key stakeholders in the rice production system. A four-point rating scale was designed to assess the level of preference for different traits of the selected rice varieties. It was found that farmers who prioritize disease resistance prefer the public over privately bred Aman rice varieties. In general, they prefer rice varieties that are high yielding, have high market value and are of short duration while millers prefer rice verities considering the size and shape, color, and milling performance of the grains. Most significantly, millers prefer privately bred rice varieties if compared to farmers. It can be concluded that public rice breeders should take efforts to also consider the needs of intermediaries in the chain.
Cocoa Certification in Cameroon: Socioeconomic Determinants and Performance of Producers in Mbam Division, Center Region
Authors: Eléazar Tchemtchoua , Hugues Nken , Shuweh Kinsam James , Herve Napi Wouapi
Published: April 2023

Aims: The present research aimed to analyse the constraints and challenges of the certification of cocoa in the mbam division, center region of cameroon.

Study Design: In this study, the simple random sampling method was used for the selection of cocoa farmers in the study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the ombessa and bokito sub divisions of the mbam and inoubou division, center region of cameroon in 2022.

Methodology: A total of 300 respondent cocoa farmers were randomly selected from two different sub divisions: ombessa (170) and bokito (130) farmers. Other stakeholders, exporters and agricultural extension experts were also consulted.

Results: Field findings revealed that 66% of cocoa farmers in mbam have adopted certification against 34% who have not yet adopted with regards to gender, there is a high proportion of adopters of cocoa certification (65.96% for men and 66.67% for women) than the non-adopters (34.04% for men against 33.33% for the women). furthermore, majority (80%) of the respondents who have adopted cocoa certification are below 35 years of age against 20% who have not adopted. regarding the level of education, field findings also revealed that 100% of respondents with university studies have adopted the certification while a greater percent (80%) of those who have never been to school have not adopted. the results also show that majority (39%) of the respondents have an experience of 21 to 30 years in cocoa farming.  Furthermore, it was found on the field that the production of certified cocoa is a decreasing function of the area exploited; it is 83.33% at less than 5ha, to 54.17% for farms of more than 10ha. majority (70.83%) of the adopters of cocoa certification here belong to producer organizations (gic, cooperatives) against 53.57% who adopted without belonging to any producer organizations. furthermore, findings also show that producers of both certified and non-certified cocoa have a better total income with an average of 5,578,812.5 fcfa, than those who produce only certified cocoa and non-certified producers.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the size of the cocoa plantation and the adoption of certification. it also shows that the producers of certified cocoa have a better technical and economic performance than the others. The study therefore recommends that institutions should multiply financial incentives and other facilities for certified cocoa producers so that the remuneration for their effort is fair and equitable to enable them live a decent life.
G×E analysis to Identify the Stable High-yielding Rice Lines among a Set of Selected Germplasm Panel
Authors: R. Padmashree , Reddy Vishal , Barbadikar Kalyani M. , M. Honnappa , Magar Nakul D. , Balakrishnan Divya , Gireesh C. , Siddaiah Anantha M. , Badri Jyothi , Lokesha R. , Ramesha Y. M. , Senguttuvel P. , Diwan J. R. , Madhav Maganti Sheshu , Sundaram R. M.
Published: April 2023

Rice lines need to be grown and evaluated for yield under different agro-ecological locations to identify stable and high-yielding lines for deployment in breeding programs. With this aim, a set of rice germplasm was evaluated for G×E in four different environments (E1-Dadesuguru-Wet 2020, E2-ICAR–IIRR-Dry 2019, E3-ICAR–IIRR-Wet 2020, E4-ICAR–IIRR-Dry 2020). The experimental trial was laid out in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications at each location for 118 rice lines. Data on yield per plant was analyzed using the Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genotype, and Genotype × Environment Interaction (GGE) models. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) manifested significant variations for tested genotypes, locations, years, genotype × year, and genotype × location interactions revealing the influence of environmental factors on yield traits. All four environments showed discrimination power, whereas E2 and E3 were found as the representative environment as they fall near the Average-Environment axis (AEA). The AMMI biplot PC1 contributed 79.20% variability and PC2 contributed 15.18% variability. From the GGE biplot analysis, the rice lines Phouren, JBB-631-1, and JBB-1325 were found to be the best and most stable. The rice lines Phouren, PUP-229, and TI-112 were stable in the first sub-group Dhadesugur-Wet 2020 (E1). The rice lines Langphou, and NPK-45 were stable in the second sub-group ICAR-IIRR-Wet 2020 (E3). Environment ICAR-IIRR-Dry 2019 (E2) was the third subgroup and the rice lines Moirangphou-Yenthik and TI-3 topped for the same. The ICAR IIRR-Dry 2020 (E4) environment formed the fourth subgroup where Phouren-Amubi, TI-128 and JBB-1325 topped the season. In conclusion, this study revealed that G × E interactions are significant for yield variation, and its AMMI and biplots analysis are efficient tools for visualizing the response of genotypes to different locations.
Brefeldin A inhibits insulin‐dependent receptor redistribution in HIRcB cells
Authors: Shome Kuntala , Xu Xiao-qin , Romero Guillermo
Published: July 2002

Brefeldin A (BFA) is a potent inhibitor of intracellular vesicle traffic. We have investigated the effects of BFA on the traffic of the insulin receptor in HIRcB cells, a cell line derived from Rat‐1 fibroblasts that over‐expresses a normal human insulin receptor. We report here that insulin‐dependent receptor redistribution is inhibited by BFA and that this drug has no effects on the insulin‐independent redistribution of the receptor. Autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the stimulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) by insulin were not affected by treatment with the drug. The effects of BFA were further shown to require addition of the drug prior to the addition of insulin. BFA added 10 min after stimulation with insulin had no effects on the redistribution of the receptor. Dose‐response studies demonstrated that the effects of BFA were half‐maximal at a dose of 1 μg/ml and maximal at about 10 μg/ml. These findings suggest that BFA blocks an early step in the chain of events that lead to insulin receptor internalization without affecting the interactions of the receptor with insulin, the stimulation of the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor by the hormone, or other insulin‐regulated signalling pathways, such as the activation of MAPK.
cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of human PK‐120, a plasma kallikrein‐sensitive glycoprotein
Authors: Hitoshi Nishimura  , Ikuko Kakizaki  , Tatsushi Muta  , Nobumi Sasaki  , Ping Xiao Pu  , Toshiyuki Yamashita  , Shigeharu Nagasawa
Published: July 2002

PK‐120 is a substrate for plasma kallikrein (PK), recently purified from human plasma. Here we have established the cDNA sequence for human PK‐120 mRNA. The deduced amino sequence of PK‐120 revealed that it consists of 902 amino acid residues with a calculated mass of 116,423 Da. The putative cleavage sites by PK have been proposed, suggesting that PK‐120 may be a precursor of a bioactive peptide. Most interestingly, PK‐120 showed significant sequence identities to heavy chains (HCs) of the inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor (ITI) superfamily.