bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Oil of Three Uvaria species from Ivory Coast
Authors: Muriel Koffi A. , Félix Tonzibo Z. , Figueredo Gilles , Chalard Pierre , N'guessan Yao T.
Published: March 2019

Different parts of Uvaria ovata (Dunals) A, U. anonoides Baker f. and U. tortilis A. Chev were collected from Ivory Coast, in Toumodi (center), Agboville (south-east) and Sikensi (south), respectively. The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, were investigated by CG and CG/MS. The proportion of the chromatographed constituents identified varied from 92.5% to 98.5%. For U. ovata, the root bark oil comprised mainly camphene (10.2%), β-pinene (10.1%), epi–α-cadinol (13.2%) and intermedeol (9.7%), while the oil of the stem bark was dominated by epi–α-cadinol (27.3%), intermedeol (11.9%) and benzyl benzoate (13.4%). The oil of the leaves showed β-caryophyllene (15.6%), germacrene D (24.2%) and benzyl benzoate (18.3%) as the most abundant constituents. The leaf oil of U. anonoides was rich in 2,5-dimethoxy- p-cymene (15.5%), bicyclogermacrene (21.3%) and benzyl benzoate (8.7%), while, γ-terpinene (31.7%), β–caryophyllene (23.9%) and germacrene D (15.8%) constituted the main components of the stem bark oil of U. tortilis.
Volatile Constituents of Two Species of Protium from the Atlantic Rainforest in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: de Freitas José Gildo Rufino , da Camara Claudio Augusto Gomes , de Moraes Marcílio Martins , da Silva Henrique Costa Hermenegildo
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oils from Protium giganteum and P. aracouchine was determined, for the first time, using GC-MS analysis. From the oil of P. giganteum, 32 components were identified, representing 93.9% of the oil, and from P. aracouchine, 29 components, representing 97.8% of the oil. Among the compounds identified in the P. giganteum oil, 93.6% were sesquiterpenes, with β-caryophyllene (26.0 ± 0.8%), globulol (9.3 ± 0.2%), α-cadinol (7.0 ± 0.5%), α-humulene (6.4 ± 0.1%) and germacrene D (6.2 ± 0.3%) as the major components. Among the 29 compounds identified in the P. aracouchine oil, 95.9% were sesquiterpenes as well, with spathulenol (31.8 ± 1.6%), α- cis-bergamotene (8.8 ± 0.2 %) and viridiflorol (9.7 ± 0.7%) as the major components.
Cytotoxic Cembranoids from the Red Sea Soft Coral Sarcophyton glaucum
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , El-Beih Ahmed A. , Moustafa Alaa Y. , Hamdy Abdelhamed A. , Alhammady Montaser A. , Selim Rehab M. , Abdel-Rehim Mohamed , Paré Paul W.
Published: March 2019

One new cembrane diterpene, 2 R,7 R,8 R-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophine (1), together with three known compounds, 7α,8β-dihydroxy-deepoxysarcophine (2), 7β-acetoxy-8α-hydroxydeepoxysarcophine (3), and sarcophine (4), have been isolated from the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 7β-Acetoxy-8α-hydroxydeepoxysarcophine (3) exhibits cytotoxic activity against HepG2, HCT-116, and HeLa cells with IC50 values of 3.6, 2.3, and 6.7 μg/mL, respectively.
HPLC Determination of Majdine in Vinca herbacea
Authors: Gagua Natia , Baghdikian Beatrice , Mabrouki Fathi , Elias Riad , Vachnadze Valentina , Bakuridze Aliosha , Ollivier Evelyne
Published: March 2019

A reliable HPLC method coupled with DAD detection was developed and validated for determination of majdine in Vinca herbacea. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Symmetry C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm, Waters) with an isocratic solvent system of 25 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH=3.0)-acetonitrile. UV detection was performed at 225 nm. Good linear behavior over the investigated concentration range was observed with the value of r2 > 0.9978. The method was reproducible with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 4.38%. The proposed method was linear, accurate, precise and specific. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify majdine in various parts of V. herbacea, which was collected during the flowering months of April and May. The results indicated that the developed HPLC method could be used for the quality control of V. herbacea and for the standardization of its extracts in majdine.
Composition and Biological Potential of Essential Oil from Thelechitonia trilobata Growing in South Africa
Authors: Peebles Jamie , Gwebu Ephraim , Oyedeji Opeoluwa , Nanyonga Sarah , Kunene Nokuthula , Jackson David , Setzer William , Oyedeji Adebola
Published: March 2019

Thelechitonia trilobata is regarded as a troublesome weed that grows to form a dense blanket over the soil preventing the growth of other crops in farmland. Although the plant is regarded as a notorious, invasive plant, its chemical composition and biological potential have not been reported. The essential oil was isolated from the fresh leaves of T. trilobata using hydrodistillation. α-Pinene (21.6%), α-phellendrene (21.0%), limonene (12.8%) and germacrene D (7.5%) were the major constituents of the oil. The essential oil was screened against agricultural pests. The anti-tick properties were tested on Ripicephalus e. ervertsi found on sheep, while repellency, fumigation, and contact toxicity tests were carried out with maize weevils. Except for the contact toxicity test, all other bioassays gave positive results.
Visual Speech Benefit in Clear and Degraded Speech Depends on the Auditory Intelligibility of the Talker and the Number of Background Talkers
Authors: Blackburn Catherine L. , Kitterick Pádraig T. , Jones Gary , Sumner Christian J. , Stacey Paula C.
Published: March 2019

Perceiving speech in background noise presents a significant challenge to listeners. Intelligibility can be improved by seeing the face of a talker. This is of particular value to hearing impaired people and users of cochlear implants. It is well known that auditory-only speech understanding depends on factors beyond audibility. How these factors impact on the audio-visual integration of speech is poorly understood. We investigated audio-visual integration when either the interfering background speech (Experiment 1) or intelligibility of the target talkers (Experiment 2) was manipulated. Clear speech was also contrasted with sine-wave vocoded speech to mimic the loss of temporal fine structure with a cochlear implant. Experiment 1 showed that for clear speech, the visual speech benefit was unaffected by the number of background talkers. For vocoded speech, a larger benefit was found when there was only one background talker. Experiment 2 showed that visual speech benefit depended upon the audio intelligibility of the talker and increased as intelligibility decreased. Degrading the speech by vocoding resulted in even greater benefit from visual speech information. A single “independent noise” signal detection theory model predicted the overall visual speech benefit in some conditions but could not predict the different levels of benefit across variations in the background or target talkers. This suggests that, similar to audio-only speech intelligibility, the integration of audio-visual speech cues may be functionally dependent on factors other than audibility and task difficulty, and that clinicians and researchers should carefully consider the characteristics of their stimuli when assessing audio-visual integration.
Becoming Doctors: Examining Student Narratives to Understand the Process of Professional Identity Formation Within a Learning Community
Authors: Hatem David S , Halpin Thomas
Published: March 2019

Background:

Professional identity formation is a key aim of medical education, yet empiric data on how this forms are limited.

Methods:

Our study is a qualitative analysis of student reflections written during the final session of our Becoming a Physician curriculum. After reading their medical school admission essay and their class oath, students wrote about a “time, or times during your third year when you felt like a doctor.” The reflections were qualitatively analyzed by the evaluation team, looking for themes found in the reflections.

Results:

Narrative themes separated into 4 distinct categories, specifically that performing physician tasks can make one feel like a doctor, demonstrating caring is a fundamental task of doctors, integrating personal ideals with professional values promotes professional identity formation, and the theme of never feeling like a doctor. Subsets of these broad categories provide further insight into individual and integrative tasks. Patients, patient families, and students through their own reflection prompted learners to feel like doctors in 74% of narratives, whereas physicians or the care team did so in 26% of our narratives.

Conclusion:

Students are able to reflect on times during their principal clinical year where they feel like doctors, taking a step toward forming a professional identity. Having faculty prompt and support such reflection can help faculty understand the student experience of their principal clinical year and promote professional identity formation.
Genetics and mechanisms of NT5C2-driven chemotherapy resistance in relapsed ALL
Authors: Dieck Chelsea L. , Ferrando Adolfo
Published: March 2019

Mutations in the cytosolic 5′ nucleotidase II (NT5C2) gene drive resistance to thiopurine chemotherapy in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Mechanistically, NT5C2 mutant proteins have increased nucleotidase activity as a result of altered activating and autoregulatory switch-off mechanisms. Leukemias with NT5C2 mutations are chemoresistant to 6-mercaptopurine yet show impaired proliferation and self-renewal. Direct targeting of NT5C2 or inhibition of compensatory pathways active in NT5C2 mutant cells may antagonize the emergence of NT5C2 mutant clones driving resistance and relapse in ALL.
Property Rights and Gender Bias: Evidence from Land Reform in West Bengal
Authors: Bhalotra Sonia , Chakravarty Abhishek , Mookherjee Dilip , Pino Francisco J.
Published: March 2019

We examine intra-household gender-differentiated effects of property rights securitisation following West Bengal’s tenancy registration program, using two independently gathered datasets. In both samples, higher program implementation increased male child survival rates in families without a firstborn son, but not in those that already have a firstborn male child. We argue this reflects intensified son preference as land rights improve, ostensibly to ensure a male heir to inherit land. Consistent with this, girls with firstborn brothers also experience increased survival, but not girls with firstborn sisters. The gender bias manifests both in infant mortality rates and the sex ratio at birth. (JEL D13, I12, J16, O15, O17, P14, Q15)
Changes in Workplace Heterogeneity and How They Widen the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Bruns Benjamin
Published: March 2019

Using linked employer-employee data for West Germany, I investigate the role of growing wage differentials between firms in the slowdown of gender wage convergence since the 1990s. The results show that two factors are at play: first, high-wage firms experience higher wage growth and employ disproportionately more men, and second, male firm premiums grow faster than female premiums in the same firms. These developments were catalyzed by a decline of union coverage, coupled with more firm-specific wage setting in collective bargaining agreements. Taken together, these conditions prevented the gender gap from narrowing by approximately 15 percent between the 1990s and 2000s. (JEL J16, J51, J31, J71)
Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data to Better Measure Income: Implications for Poverty, Program Effectiveness, and Holes in the Safety Net
Authors: Meyer Bruce D. , Mittag Nikolas
Published: March 2019

We examine the consequences of survey underreporting of transfer programs for prototypical analyses of low-income populations. We link administrative data for four transfer programs to the CPS to correct its severe understatement of transfer dollars received. Using survey data sharply understates the income of poor households, distorts our understanding of program targeting, and greatly understates the effects of anti-poverty programs. Using the combined data, the poverty-reducing effect of all programs together is nearly doubled. The effect of housing assistance is tripled. Correcting survey error often reduces the share of single mothers falling through the safety net by one-half or more. (JEL C83, I32, I38)
Radiographic and HRCT imaging findings of chronic pulmonary schistosomiasis: review of 10 consecutive cases
Authors: Foti Giovanni , Gobbi Federico , Angheben Andrea , Faccioli Niccolò , Cicciò Carmelo , Carbognin Giovanni , Buonfrate Dora
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To describe the chest radiography (CR) and the high resolution CT (HRCT) imaging findings of chronic pulmonary schistosomiasis (CPS)

Methods and materials:

This retrospective study included 10 patients suffering from CPS, studied between September 2013 and October 2016 by using CR and HRCT. Images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists in consensus, blinded to clinical data. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant

Results:

All the patients enrolled showed some abnormalities at HRCT, including lung consolidations, solid nodules, nodules with peri-nodular halo, ground-glass opacities, enlarged hilar lymph-nodes. Only seven patients showed findings at CR ( p = 0.001). At CT, none of the patients had significant pleural, vascular (pulmonary arteries) or cardiac findings. Post-therapy studies (mean interval 35 days) demonstrated the absence of residual disease in all patients.

Conclusion:

The imaging findings of CPS varied widely in our study population. HRCT may show signs which are occult on plain radiograph. All lesions disappeared after appropriate therapy at imaging follow-up studie.
A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to chronic periaortitis
Authors: Omar Mariam A. , Karim Naushad Hassan , samnakay Saeed
Published: March 2019

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare inflammatory disorder causing increased fibrotic deposition in the retroperitoneum, often leading to ureteral obstruction. We present a case report of a 33-year-old male with 2-month history of back pain. Initial imaging showed thickening around the infrarenal aorta. Six months later the patient presented with renal failure; a CT abdomen revealed extensive soft tissue mass around the aorta resulting in ureteral obstruction. Histology results of biopsy of the soft tissue mass revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis. It is important for clinicians to treat periaortitis early as this can prevent progression to retroperitoneal fibrosis which can cause severe secondary complications such as renal failure from ureteral obstruction.
Influenza virus infection of well-differentiated human airway epithelial cells by infectious aerosols: insights into the earliest stages of infection
Authors: Smith Claire M. , Do Hyang Lee Dani , Kulkarni Hemant , Radhakrishnan Priya , Hirst Robert , Easton Andrew , O'Callaghan Chris
Published: March 2019

Background: Influenza virus is a major human pathogen, yet surprisingly little data is available on the earliest stage of infection. We have developed a novel method to study natural transmission influenza infection by aerosol and to observe the effects of early infection on the ciliated airway epithelium using high-speed video microscopy.

Methods: Primary human ciliated epithelial cultures were infected with influenza A (H1N1), delivered either by aerosol or by liquid immersion. Cells were stained for viral antigens and the level of inflammatory mediators, and the number of motile ciliated cells and ciliary beat frequency and pattern was measured.

Results: Infection by aerosol and liquid inoculums of influenza virus was shown to be trophic for ciliated cells. Infection by both methods also led to a significant decrease in the number of cells with motile cilia over the first 24 hours; however, the ciliary beat frequency and beat pattern of the remaining cilia was maintained over 24 hours.

Conclusions: Influenza virus aerosols readily infect human ciliated nasal epithelial cells resulting in early loss of motile ciliated cells. Delivery of the virus by aerosol elicited an anti-inflammatory Th2 response, which was distinct from cells exposed to virus by liquid immersion delivery. This suggests our aerosol model may provide a more clinically relevant model for studying the early effects of influenza infection.
ECOLOGIA DO CORPO CORAÇÃO MENTE ESPÍRITO: TECENDO REFLEXÕES ACERCA DE INTERCULTURA E BEM VIVER
Authors: Azibeiro Nadir Esperança
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tece reflexões em torno do Bem Viver (Sumak kawsay), que concebe o ser humano integrado ao Cosmos, como uma de suas partes. Propondo respeito à dignidade de todos os seres, em complementariedade, aproxima-se do que Maturana denomina Matrístico. Manifesta, ainda, conexões com as propostas da Ecologia Profunda, da Ecopsicologia, do Ecofeminismo, da Psicologia Transpessoal. Transformando-se de ponto de partida em objetivo de vida, instiga a uma perspectiva intercultural, a uma educação dialógica, impulsionando experiências que manifestem um modo de ser eco-lógico, contrapondo-se ao ego-lógico próprio da cultura ocidental moderna. Desse modo, abrem-se outras possibilidades de atualizar, em cada aqui e agora específico, a possibilidade real de desconstrução de subalternidades.
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR COMO DESAFIO AO TEKO GUARANI
Authors: Brighenti Clovis Antonio
Published: March 2019

A presente proposta deseja apontar elementos e analisar o contexto da escola para a o povo Guarani, identificando as assimetrias entre a educação escolar e as práticas sócio-culturais do referido povo. Partimos do pressuposto que a escola é o principal instrumento de dominação epistêmica e que sem transformações profundas na sua concepção a vivência do bem viver no seio desse povo fica comprometido. O referido artigo terá como elemento central a análise dos Estados Nacionais e suas práticas de imposição do conceito de Estado Nação como negação das culturas. A Nação Guarani, que há milhares de anos ocupa uma vasta região da bacia platina e litoral atlântico, teve seu território ocupado pelas potencias ibéricas e posteriormente, no século XIX, pelos Estados Nacionais. Além dos contextos de violações culturais, físicas e territoriais, esse povo foi considerado transitório e sobre ele foi imposto o colonialismo epistêmico, de modo que na contemporaneidade as fronteiras nacionais atuam como “Muros de Berlin” levando-os a historicidades diferentes. Desse modo, nossa proposição será de analisar esse contexto a luz dos fundamentos teóricos da decolonialidade e perceber como a escola atua no sentido de negar os conhecimentos próprios do povo e de introduzir conceitos das sociedades ocidentais. Também analisaremos as ações Guarani na difícil tarefa de desconstruir a escola e dar-lhe novo sentido.
INDÍGENA NA CIDADE? CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL NA ESCOLA
Authors: Serpa Aila Oliveira , Grando Beleni Saléte
Published: March 2019

O direito do indígena de viver e ser reconhecido em sua especificidade onde quer que viva, na aldeia ou na cidade, tem relação com o reconhecimento do “outro” nestes contextos. Consideramos que para entender essas relações em espaço urbano e mais especificamente, em escolas urbanas, é necessário compreendermos esses espaços como fronteiras interétnicas nas suas dimensões socioculturais, que ambientam e embasam as relações que neles ocorrem como possibilidades de novas e outras identidades que neles se definem nesses espaços de fronteiras interculturais. Neste trabalho, trazemos os estudos que nos auxiliam a compreensão dos contextos interétnicos nas escolas urbanas em Mato Grosso, quando os alunos indígenas ocupam esse espaço e como a demanda da educação intercultural se impõem como imperativo o reconhecimento das dificuldades dos professores atender ao que explicita a Lei 11.645/08. No intuito de compreender como a escola e seus professores engendram a formação continuada e trazem novos conhecimentos e práticas para o cotidiano da escola fizemos a análise do Projeto Sala de Educador (PSE), dos anos de 2011 a 2015, de uma escola Estadual no município de Nova Xavantina - MT. Os dados nos revelam um persistente fracasso escolar dos alunos indígenas; a escola deveria representar a possibilidade de aprender a se relacionar com a sociedade envolvente sem perder ou desqualificar sua própria cultura, o que, muitas vezes não é o que ocorre. Sendo assim é imprescindível que todos os educadores se apropriem de conhecimentos básicos sobre os povos indígenas do Brasil: quem são, quantos são, como vivem, aspectos próprios de cada cultura, como se organizam, entender a trajetória histórica e cultural dos povos indígenas do Brasil e daqueles que circundam as escolas e cidades, suas estratégias e resistência para manutenção de sua cultura e de seus direitos enquanto povos diferenciados e, ainda assim, pertencentes à sociedade nacional.
Endo and ectoparasites in rabbits
Authors: Speight Claire
Published: March 2019

There are numerous endo and ectoparasites that can affect domestic rabbits. Many of these may not have a clinical effect on the rabbit and treatment may not therefore be required. However, for those that cause clinical signs it is imperative that early diagnosis and correct treatment is implemented, since any delay in this can have serious consequences for the rabbit's health and welfare, as well as human health, as many are zoonotic.
Extracellular Vesicles Long RNA Sequencing Reveals Abundant mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA in Human Blood as Potential Biomarkers for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Li Yuchen , Zhao Jingjing , Yu Shulin , Wang Zhen , He Xigan , Su Yonghui , Guo Tianan , Sheng Haoyue , Chen Jie , Zheng Qiupeng , Li Yan , Guo Weijie , Cai Xiaohong , Shi Guohai , Wu Jiong , Wang Lu , Wang Peng , He Xianghuo , Huang Shenglin
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a rich cargo of different RNA species with specialized functions and clinical applications. However, the landscape and characteristics of extracellular vesicle long RNA (exLR) in human blood remain largely unknown.

METHODS

We presented an optimized strategy for exLR sequencing (exLR-seq) of human plasma. The sample cohort included 159 healthy individuals, 150 patients with cancer (5 cancer types), and 43 patients with other diseases. Bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze the distribution and features of exLRs. Support vector machine algorithm was performed to construct the diagnosis classifier, and diagnostic efficiency was evaluated by ROC analysis.

RESULTS

More than 10000 exLRs, including mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA, were reliably detected in each exLR-seq sample from 1–2 mL of plasma. We observed that blood EVs contain a substantial fraction of intact mRNAs and a large number of assembling spliced junctions; circRNA was also enriched in blood EVs. Interestingly, blood exLRs reflected their tissue origins and the relative fractions of different immune cell types. Additionally, the exLR profile could distinguish patients with cancer from healthy individuals. We further showed that 8 exLRs can serve as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis with high diagnostic efficiency in training [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.9527; 95% CI, 0.9170–0.9883], validation cohort (AUC = 0.9825; 95% CI, 0.9606–1), and testing cohort (AUC = 0.9627; 95% CI, 0.9263–0.9991).

CONCLUSIONS

In summary, this study revealed abundant exLRs in human plasma and identified diverse specific markers potentially useful for cancer diagnosis.
Mujeres en pandillas salvadoreñas y las paradojas de una agencia precaria
Authors: Santacruz Giralt María
Published: March 2019

El fenómeno de las maras o pandillas en El Salvador se ha constituido en objeto de estudio frecuente al haber devenido, a lo largo de los últimos años, en una brutal manifestación de las violencias salvadoreñas de posguerra. Sin embargo, las aproximaciones al fenómeno suelen conceder menos centralidad a las mujeres que las han integrado. En este texto avanzo, a partir de teorías feministas, sobre la hipótesis de que esta omisión no solo se relaciona con su situación minoritaria en esos grupos, sino con las formas en que suele abordarse el vínculo entre mujeres, transgresión y violencia, al asociar pasividad o agencia limitada con feminidad en contextos de vulnerabilidad y daño. Propongo que la complejidad del abordaje de estas figuras descansa en las tensiones y paradojas que conlleva su acción violenta, puesto que su incorporación a un grupo como las pandillas salvadoreñas —que busca la homologación en/de la identidad a través del ejercicio de la violencia— supone que la agencia solo puede producirse a través de su sujeción y simultánea desviación del marco (masculino) de producción del pandillero-prototipo. A partir de investigación bibliográfica y del análisis de entrevistas biográficas realizadas con mujeres que han sido miembros de pandillas, propongo que la agencia que éstas pueden desarrollar es precaria al construirse a partir de la sujeción a la norma del grupo. En tanto mujeres, han de mostrar y reiterar constantemente esa identidad pandillera (masculina) de la que dependerá no solo la construcción laboriosa de una reputación, sino su superviviencia en entornos hostiles, imprevisibles y violentos.
Pós-colheita de hastes florais de cártamo colhidas em diferentes épocas e submetidas a diferentes soluções conservantes
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Lidório Henrique Fernando , Bellé Rogério Antonio , Lopes Sidinei José , Backes Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero , Nunes Ubirajara Russi
Published: March 2019

The conservation of the cut flower stems aims to prolong durability, maintain the quality and reduce the losses after harvest, providing a greater period of lifespan and commercialization. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality and durability in post-harvest of fresh safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) flower stems harvested in different times and submitted to different preservative solutions. The experiment was conducted in entirely randomized design and, organized in 4x8 (four preservative solutions and eight harvest seasons) factorial scheme, with four repetitions, and each experimental unit consisting of five floral stems. The cultivation of floral stems of safflower occurred at Floriculture Sector and the harvest seasons of them were carried out in the beginning of flowering from the sowing performed in the first seasonal half: in winter, spring and summer of 2016, autumn, winter, spring and summer of 2017 and autumn of 2018. And, the preservative solutions were: distilled water (control); distilled water + sucrose 2%; distilled water + sodium hypochlorite 2% and distilled water + sucrose 2% + sodium hypochlorite 2%. The floral stems were evaluated in relation to quality notes, dehydration and absorption of preservative solutions. We observed that the floral stems of safflower presented shelf life in average of nine days, with absorption of solution in average of 0.021 mL day-1 g-1 of fresh mass and that the use of preservatives was not beneficial to conservation in post-harvest.
EĞİTİMDE BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİ: METAFOR ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ŞAHİN Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Çalışmanın
amacı, eğitimde bilişim teknolojisi kullanımına ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerini
belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi kullanılmıştır.
Ancak katılımcı çeşitliliğini sağlamak amacıyla tüm öğretim kademelerinden
farklı eğitim seviyesine sahip 13 öğretmen çalışmaya alınmıştır. Dolayısıyla
çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik özelliği de göstermektedir. Veriler
araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanmış yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formunun
kullanıldığı bireysel yüz yüze görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Analiz sürecinde
betimsel ve tümevarımsal içerik analizleri kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenler bilişim
teknolojilerini çoğunlukla öğrenme düzeyini ve kalıcılığını artırma, derslerde
zengin içerik kullanımı, öğrencilerin dikkatini çekme, güdüleme ve dersleri
eğlenceli hale getirme amacına yönelik kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca
içerik saklama ve taşıma, idari işleri yürütme, derslere hazırlık, iletişim,
ölçe ve değerlendirme, araştırma, bilgiye erişim ve paylaşım, kişisel ve
mesleki gelişim alanlarında da bilişim teknolojilerinden yararlanıldığı
belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak öğretmenlerin eğitimde bilişim teknolojisi
kullanımına ilişkin olumlu algıya sahip oldukları, okullarda bilişim
teknolojilerinden etkin şekilde yararlanmaya çalıştıkları görülmektedir.
Öğretmenler eğitimde bilişim teknolojilerinin kullanımını ağırlıklı olarak faydalı
görmekle birlikte yıkıcı etkilerinin olabileceğine de işaret etmektedirler.
Ayrıca, bilişim teknolojileri sürekli değişen, gelişen ve genişleyen derin bir
alan olarak görülmekte olup teknoloji kullanımı yeterliğinin eğitimde bilişim
teknolojilerinin etkililiği açısından belirleyici olduğuna vurgu yapılmaktadır.
SURİYE BAĞLAMINDA RUSYA VE İRAN İŞBİRLİĞİ
Authors: KİŞMAN Zülfükar Aytaç , BOYRAZ Berfu
Published: March 2019

İran ve Rusya ilişkilerinin tarihine bakıldığında
ilişkilerin sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak değişen uluslararası konjonktür
ve iki ülkede değişen siyasi yapı, iki ülke ilişkilerinin gelişmesiyle
sonuçlanmıştır. İran’ın devrim sonrası anti-emperyalist duruşu ve Rusya
Federasyonun tekrar küresel bir güç olma arayışı iki ülkenin ortak paydada
buluşmalarını sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda özellikle 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren iki
ülke arasında ekonomik ve nükleer işbirliği anlaşmaları yapıldığı
görülmektedir. Yine Rusya ve İran’ın bölgesel çıkarlarının da birbirine paralel
olduğu söylenebilir. Bilhassa 2010’da başlayan Arap Halk Hareketlerinin 2011’de
Suriye’deki yansımalarına karşı iki ülkenin tutumu birbirlerine paralel
niteliktedir. Rusya ve İran bu çerçevede, farklı beklentilerle de olsa ortak
çıkarlar bağlamında Suriye krizinde stratejik işbirliği içerisindedirler.

Bu
çalışmada Rusya Federasyonu ve İran İslam Cumhuriyeti ilişkileri Suriye krizi
bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Çalışmada iki ülkenin Suriye krizinde farklı
beklentilerinin ortak çıkarlarda birleşmesinin arka planının incelenmesi
amacıyla, iki ülkenin Suriye ile ilişkileri ve Suriye krizine karşı
geliştirdikleri politikalar detaylı olarak incelenecektir.
PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE VE İŞ TATMİNİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: GAZİANTEP ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ’NDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AĞAR Mustafa , YILDIRIM İbrahim
Published: March 2019

Tekstil sektörü
içinde yer alan halı imalatı yapan fabrikalar, ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir yer
tutmaktadır. Rekabetin gittikçe arttığı günümüzde memnuniyet düzeyi yüksek
müşterilere sahip olan bir işletme, rekabet avantajı elde etmekte ve
kârlılığını artırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte iç müşteri olarak adlandırılan
çalışanların, psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ve iş tatmin durumları işletmenin
hedeflerini gerçekleştirme konusunda etkili olan hususlardandır. Araştırmanın amacı,
Gaziantep İkinci Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren halı
fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerini belirlemek ve iş
tatmin durumlarını tespit etmektir. Öte yandan çalışanların psikolojik sermaye
düzeylerini oluşturan boyutlarla, iş tatminini oluşturan boyutlar arasında bir
ilişki olup olmadığını ortaya konulması gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın diğer bir
amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda halı
fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin ve iş tatmin
düzeylerinin “yüksek” bir seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan
korelasyon analiz sonucunda ise, halı fabrikalarında çalışanların psikolojik
sermaye düzeyleriyle iş tatmin durumlarını açıklayan boyutlar arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
The impact of semester-abroad experiences on post-sojourn L2 motivation
Authors: Du Xujia
Published: March 2019

Numerous studies have examined sojourners’ L2 motivation during their stay abroad. Much remains unknown about the impact of study abroad (SA) experiences on their L2 motivation after they return to the home environment. This study tracked the English learning motivation of three Chinese university students from immediately after their semester-long exchange program in an English-speaking country until six months after the sojourn. The participants were requested to complete a questionnaire and took part in an interview immediately following their re-entry and another interview six months later. The participants’ post-sojourn English learning motivation was influenced by their L2 selves and the context they were situated in. The motivational capacity of SA experiences was manifested in its profound impact on the participants’ ideal L2 self-images. Satisfactory SA experiences contributed to an ideal L2 self with higher L2 proficiency and international posture, whereas unsatisfactory experiences led to a lessening role of L2 in the participants’ future work and life. The findings also reveal that the participants’ understandings of both their positive and negative SA experiences became fossilized after the sojourn. Some practical implications were discussed for higher education institutions to optimize the post-sojourn motivational impact of SA programs.
Should individuals migrate before acquiring education or after? A new model of Brain Waste vs. Brain Drain
Authors: Brezis Elise S.
Published: March 2019

Should individuals migrate before acquiring education or after? In order to analyze the optimality of the timing of migration, I develop a model of migration, which combines the two migration decisions into a unique model – the decisions about where to get an education and about where to work. The main reason for having a unified model is that investment in human capital cannot be disjoined from the decision about work. This paper shows that brain drain is usually an optimal solution. But, when we incorporate “brain waste” and “return migration”, then it is optimal to migrate when young.
Developing viscoelastic contact models and selecting suitable creep function for spherical biological cells
Authors: Korayem Moharram Habibnejad , Sooha Yousef Habibi , Rastgear Zahra
Published: March 2019

In most contact theories, the most popular of which are the three models of Hertz, Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov (DMT) and Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR), biological cells were considered as an elastic material which is not a proper assumption. The elastic assumption in the case of biological cells could lead to neglecting the loading history as a result of which the stresses and strains applied to the material would not be studied accurately. In this paper, developing the three mentioned elastic models into viscoelastic models, simulating and comparing them with empirical data obtained through the indentation test of the MCF-7 cancer cell showed that the viscoelastic state presents a better prediction of biological cell behavior compared to that of an elastic state. The selection of the suitable creep function for objects in contact is another issue that has a significant importance in the viscoelastic case and this was investigated. Different mechanical models of a cell were studied and simulated for all three named theories among which the creep function obtained from the Kelvin model, a parallel combination of spring-damper, simplified the simulation and gave more precise results for modeling due to the fact that the obtained results from this model are closer to experimental ones and simpler than other models. On the other hand, for a more exact prediction of cell behavior, this model was modified by an equivalent elasticity module which considered cell components instead of the cell cortex only. The results of the simulation confirmed that a new elasticity module can improve the accuracy of cell models. After choosing the suitable mechanical model for the cell, we scrutinized the capability of the developed theories in predicting the results for biological liquid environments. Although the results of the Hertz and DMT viscoelastic models are closer to experimental ones in comparison with viscoelastic JKR, neglecting adhesion makes their prediction in biological liquid environments weak and erroneous. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed viscoelastic model of JKR is more accurate and has a better performance in different environments than the other mentioned models.
Binding motifs of cisplatin interaction with simple biomolecules and aminoacid targets probed by IR ion spectroscopy
Authors: Corinti Davide , Paciotti Roberto , Re Nazzareno , Coletti Cecilia , Chiavarino Barbara , Crestoni Maria Elisa , Fornarini Simonetta
Published: March 2019

The primary intermediates resulting from the interaction of cisplatin, cis-(PtCl2(NH3)2], most widespread antitumor drug, with biomolecular targets are characterized. Electrospray ionization is used to deliver ions formed in solution into the gas phase where they are structurally interrogated by vibrational “action” spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. The aquation products, cis-[PtX(NH3)2(H2O)]+ (X = Cl, OH), lying along the path responsible for biological activity, are shown to display distinctive features responding to ligation pattern and optimized geometry. The IR spectra of trans-[PtX(NH3)2(H2O)]+ are different, testifying that cis and trans complexes are stable, non interconverting species both in solution and in the gas phase. Ligand substitution by simple nucleophiles (L = pyridine, 4(5)-methylimidazole, thioanisole, trimethylphosphate, acetamide, dimethylacetamide, urea and thiourea) yields cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(L)]+ complexes displaying remarkable regioselectivity whenever L presents multiple candidate platination sites. The incipient formation of cisplatin-derived complexes with the recognized biological amino acid targets L-histidine (His) and L-methionine (Met) has been investigated revealing the primary platination event to be mainly directed at the Nπ atom of the imidazole side chain of His and to the thiomethyl sulfur of Met. The isomer and conformer population of the ensuing cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(Met/His)]+ complexes, sampled in the gas phase, can be ascertained by photofragmentation kinetics on isomer/conformer specific resonances.
Training Demands and Physiological Profile of Cross-Disciplined Collegiate Female Dancers
Authors: Sanders David J. , Walker Alan J. , Prior Kevin E. , Poyssick Anthony N. , Arent Shawn M.
Published: March 2019

Sanders, DJ, Walker, AJ, Prior, KE, Poyssick, AN, and Arent, SM. Training demands and physiological profile of cross-disciplined collegiate female dancers. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2316–2320, 2021—Little is known about the physical demands of high-level dance training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of a typical ballet and modern class through training load (TL) and to assess differences in TL between the 2 class types. In addition, a physiological profile of cross-disciplined collegiate female dancers was determined. Seventeen college-aged female dancers were recruited and performed a battery of performance tests assessing body fat (%BF), lean body mass, vertical jump (VJ), peak power, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max), and ventilatory threshold (VT). Two ballet and modern dance classes were monitored for TL and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) using the Polar Team2 Pro System. Performance testing results were as follows: M%BF = 24.1 ± 4.2%, MLBM = 46.8 ± 8.5 kg, MV̇o2max = 42.9 ± 4.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, MVT = 76.2 ± 6.5% of V̇o
2max, MVJ = 44.1 ± 1.4 cm, and MPP = 519.1 ± 177.5 W. Training load of 41.0 ± 17.0 for ballet and 44.8 ± 27.4 for modern dance was found, with an EEE of 394.0 ± 111.9 and 421.9 ± 161.4 kcal, respectively. Time spent at or above VT was 1.2 ± 2.6 minutes in ballet and 3.4 ± 8.3 minutes in modern. Compared with other female power-endurance athletes, the dancers accumulated a much lower TL during both class types. Low TL may inhibit typical adaptations seen in other athletes, which may explain why dancers in this study had lower aerobic and anaerobic capacities and higher body fat percentage than other collegiate female athletes. Also, it suggests that supplemental conditioning could be incorporated into a dancers training paradigm to optimize performance.
Downhill Running Impairs Activation and Strength of the Elbow Flexors
Authors: Brandenberger Kyle J. , Warren Gordon L. , Ingalls Christopher P. , Otis Jeff S. , Doyle J. Andrew
Published: March 2019

Brandenberger, KJ, Warren, GL, Ingalls, CP, Otis, JS, and Doyle, JA. Downhill running impairs activation and strength of the elbow flexors. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2145–2150, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine if knee extensor injury induced by 1 hour of downhill running attenuated force production in the elbow flexors. Subjects completed either downhill running for 1 hour (injured group; n = 6) or sedentary behavior (control group; n = 6). Strength and voluntary activation (%VA) were measured by isometric twitch interpolation of the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles at the following time points in relation to the injury: before injury (Pre), after injury (Post), 24 hours after injury (24Post), and 48 hours after injury (48Post). Mean (±SE) knee extensor strength was significantly reduced (53.5 ± 9.9%) Post and remained reduced at 24Post and 48Post in the injury group. Knee extensor muscle twitch strength was reduced Post and 24Post after the downhill run (p < 0.022). Elbow flexor muscle strength was significantly reduced Post (13.2 ± 3.9%) and 24Post (17.3 ± 4.0%). Elbow flexor muscle twitch strength was not significantly different at any time point. Elbow flexor muscle %VA was not significantly reduced compared with Pre, at Post (16.2 ± 5.1%), 24Post (20.9 ± 6.7%), or 48Post (12.9 ± 4.5%). A 1-hour downhill run significantly injured the knee extensors. The elbow flexor muscles remained uninjured, but strength of these muscles was impaired by reduced %VA. These data suggest muscle injury can lead to prolonged strength deficits in muscles distant from the injury and should be accounted for when scheduling training that may lead to delayed-onset muscle soreness.
Can the Combination of Acute Alcohol Intake and One Night of Sleep Deprivation Affect Neuromuscular Performance in Healthy Male Adults? A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo , de Azevedo Franke Rodrigo , Teixeira Bruno C. , Cauduro Oliveira Macedo Rodrigo , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Baroni Bruno M. , Vaz Marco Aurélio
Published: March 2019

Rodrigues, R, Franke, RA, Teixeira, BC, Macedo, RCO, Diefenthaeler, F, Baroni, BM, and Vaz, MA. Can the combination of acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation affect neuromuscular performance in healthy male adults? A cross-over randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1244–1251, 2019—The aim of this work was to perform a cross-over study to compare isolated and combined effects of alcohol intake and sleep deprivation on neuromuscular responses. Ten young and physically active male subjects were allocated to 4 conditions: (a) placebo intake + normal sleep (PLA + SLE); (b) alcohol intake + normal sleep (ALC + SLE); (c) placebo intake + sleep deprivation (PLA + SDP); and (d) alcohol intake + sleep deprivation (ALC + SDP). In each condition, volunteers ingested 1 g of alcohol per kg of body mass of alcoholic beer or nonalcoholic beer (placebo), followed by one night of normal sleep or sleep deprivation. In the next morning, neuromuscular performance (knee extensor isometric and concentric peak torque and time to task failure during the endurance test) and muscle activation were assessed. No differences were observed in the neuromuscular performance. We observed a significant reduction in quadriceps activation during the knee extensor isometric test in ALC + SDP compared with PLA + SLE (−20.8%; p = 0.02; d = 0.56). Our results demonstrated that acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation reduced quadriceps muscle activation without impact on neuromuscular performance.
Rede de apoio familiar à gravidez e ao parto na adolescência: uma abordagem moscoviciana
Authors: Matos Greice Carvalho de , Soares Marilu Correa , Escobal Ana Paula De Lima , Quadro Pricilla Porto , Rodrigues Juliana Baptista
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: identificar as redes de apoio familiar às mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o parto recorrentes na adolescência. Métodos: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Fizeram parte desta pesquisa 30 mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o parto recorrente na adolescência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base na Análise Textual Discursiva. Resultados: a família apresentou-se como principal fonte de apoio, a presença da mesma foi atrelada a discursos positivos, confirmando o pressuposto inicial deste estudo, de que a fragilidade na rede de apoio desencadeia, na adolescente, sentimentos negativos do processo de gestar e parir. Considerações finais: a figura materna apresentou‐se como principal rede de apoio sendo referenciada como importante suporte para a adolescente na vivência da gestação e do parto.
Ser cuidador em serviço residencial terapêutico: fragilidades e potencialidades na prática assistencial
Authors: Da Silva Amanda Stefani Torquato , Ribeiro Genêsis Brito , Xavier dos Santos Laércio Lucas , Buriola Aline Aparecida
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: identificar as fragilidades e potencialidades vivenciadas pelos cuidadores na prática assistencial dos serviços de residência terapêutica. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com 12 cuidadores dos de seis Serviços de Residências Terapêuticas do Oeste Paulista, cujos dados foram tratados por análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias, fragilidades na prática de ser cuidador em serviço de residência terapêutica: superando limites e as potencialidades na prática de ser cuidador em serviço de residência terapêutica: uma conquista nas relações interpessoais. Considerações finais: os cuidadores têm dificuldades em promover atividades a fim de ressocializar às pessoas com transtorno mental, decorrente da sobrecarga de trabalho com as atividades domésticas da residência e o vínculo com o morador é um facilitador na assistência aos mesmos.
Pragmatism should Not be a Substitute for Statistical Literacy, a Commentary on Albers, Kiers, and Van Ravenzwaaij (2018)
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Bürkner Paul-Christian , Williams Donald R.
Published: March 2019

Based on the observation that frequentist confidence intervals and Bayesian credible intervals sometimes happen to have the same numerical boundaries (under very specific conditions), Albers et al. (2018) proposed to adopt the heuristic according to which they can usually be treated as equivalent. We argue that this heuristic can be misleading by showing that it does not generalise well to more complex (realistic) situations and models. Instead of pragmatism, we advocate for the use of parsimony in deciding which statistics to report. In a word, we recommend that a researcher interested in the Bayesian interpretation simply reports credible intervals.
Genotypic Frequencies at Equilibrium for Polysomic Inheritance Under Double-Reduction
Authors: Huang Kang , Wang Tongcheng , Dunn Derek W , Zhang Pei , Cao Xiaoxiao , Liu Rucong , Li Baoguo
Published: March 2019

Polyploids are organisms whose genomes consist of more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Both autopolyploids and allopolyploids may display polysomic inheritance. A peculiarity of polysomic inheritance is multivalent formation during meiosis resulting in double-reduction, which occurs when sister chromatid fragments segregate into the same gamete. Double-reduction can result in gametes carrying identical-by-descent alleles and slightly increasing homozygosity. This will cause the genotypic frequencies to deviate from expected values and will thus bias the results of standard population genetic analytical methods used in molecular ecology and selective breeding. In this study, we extend existing double-reduction models to account for any even level of ploidy, and derive the symbolic expressions for genotypic frequencies via two methods. Inbreeding coefficients and heterozygosity under double-reduction and inbreeding are also calculated. Numerical solutions obtained by computer simulations are compared with analytical solutions predicted by the model to validate the model.