bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALIDITAS DAN PRAKTIKALITAS E-LKPD INTERAKTIF BERBASIS GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING BERBANTUAN LIVEWORKSHEET PADA MATERI HIDROKARBON UNTUK FASE F SMA
Authors: APMIYANTI TIARA , YERIMADESI YERIMADESI
Published: November 2024

This research was motivated by students' difficulties in understanding hydrocarbon materials at the high school level, with 82.4% of 68 students experiencing comprehension difficulties and 66.7% stating abstract concepts as the main obstacle. The limitations of interactive learning media and the dominance of monotonous conventional student worksheets further complicate the learning process. This study aimed to develop and test the validity and practicality of interactive e-LKPD based on Guided Discovery Learning using the Liveworksheet platform for hydrocarbon materials in high school phase F. The research method used a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a Four-D model modified up to the develop stage. Product validation was carried out by three chemistry lecturers from FMIPA UNP and two chemistry teachers from SMAN 4 Pariaman, while practicality testing involved two chemistry teachers and 22 students. The results showed an average validity value of 0.847 (valid) covering aspects of content feasibility, language, presentation, graphics, and programs. The practicality test obtained an average value of 95% (very practical) from teachers and 82% (practical) from students. The development of this e-LKPD has proven to produce valid and practical learning products for use in learning hydrocarbon materials at the high school level.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan peserta didik dalam memahami materi hidrokarbon di tingkat SMA, dengan 82,4% dari 68 peserta didik mengalami kesulitan pemahaman dan 66,7% menyatakan konsep abstrak sebagai kendala utama. Keterbatasan media pembelajaran interaktif dan dominasi LKPD konvensional yang monoton semakin mempersulit proses pembelajaran. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji validitas serta praktikalitas e-LKPD interaktif berbasis Guided Discovery Learning menggunakan platform Liveworksheet pada materi hidrokarbon untuk fase F SMA. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) dengan model Four-D yang dimodifikasi hingga tahap develop. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh tiga dosen kimia FMIPA UNP dan dua guru kimia SMAN 4 Pariaman, sedangkan uji praktikalitas melibatkan dua guru kimia dan 22 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata nilai validitas 0,847 (valid) mencakup aspek kelayakan isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, kegrafikaan, dan program. Uji praktikalitas memperoleh rata-rata nilai 95% (sangat praktis) dari guru dan 82% (praktis) dari peserta didik. Pengembangan e-LKPD ini terbukti menghasilkan produk pembelajaran yang valid dan praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran materi hidrokarbon di tingkat SMA
UM OLHAR SOBRE A POPULAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA DA CIDADE DE BELÉM/PA
Authors: Santos Jorge Fabricio dos , Araújo Leonaldo Pantoja , Gaudêncio Itamar Rogério Pereira , Baia Moisés Batista Campos
Published: November 2024

A situação da população em situação de rua no Brasil merece a atenção dos órgãos estatais em especial os de segurança pública, em virtude da vitimização de crimes e violência, bem como em ações ilícitas em que são autores. O presente artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar as variáveis tanto dos atendimentos realizados pelas FUNPAPA/Belém no ano de 2023, quanto da população em situação de rua atendida nos bairros centrais do Município de Belém sob a perspectiva da segurança pública. Foi empregada uma pesquisa aplicada, quanti-qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva e com uso de dados bibliográficos e documentais em livros, artigos científicos e em normas jurídicas, sendo processados mediante técnica de Análise de conteúdo e Estatística descritiva na demonstração dos resultados. Da pesquisa, obteve-se como principais resultados, a informação de que maioria da população de rua é de adultos do sexo masculino, com baixo nível educacional com ocupações informais, sendo que em sua maioria é usuária de substâncias entorpecentes e foi vítima de violência física, psicológica e sexual, a qual está concentrada em bairros de maior circulação de recursos financeiros e é recebedora de vários benefícios sociais do Estado. Dos resultados da pesquisa, propõem-se a adoção de protocolos e instrumentos integrados de atendimentos dos órgãos estatais, nestes inclusos os de segurança pública, além de novos estudos relativos a este grupo vulnerável.
A APLICAÇÃO DO PRINCÍPIO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Macedo Luis Felipe Cardoso de , Zanandreis Junior Wilson , Dias Pauliana Maria
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo investiga a aplicação dos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana no sistema carcerário brasileiro, analisando as disparidades entre o arcabouço legal e a realidade carcerária. Embora a Constituição Federal de 1988 e a Lei de Execução Penal (Lei nº 7.210/1984) garantam direitos fundamentais aos detentos, a prática é marcada por superlotação, condições insalubres e ausência de políticas eficazes de ressocialização, o que perpetua a marginalização e o ciclo de violência social. A pesquisa critica o modelo penal vigente, propõe reformas estruturais e destaca as Associações de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados (APACs) como alternativas eficazes na reintegração social. Conclui-se que a humanização das penas é essencial para o cumprimento dos direitos constitucionais e para uma sociedade mais justa.
CUIDADOS DE ENFERMAGEM NA PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE LESÃO POR PRESSÃO EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Pires Valquiria Pinheiro Pereira , Cartaxo Kellyane Moreira Lima Mariz , Lacerda Adriana dos Santos , Drumond Clarissa Lopes , Oliveira Marcos Alexandre Casimiro de , Sousa Raulison Vieira de
Published: November 2024

Introdução: a enfermagem, como ciência do cuidado, concentra-se tanto na prevenção quanto na promoção da saúde, orientando a prática assistencial para reduzir o índice de lesões por pressão. Tais lesões são definidas como danos à integridade da pele, geralmente encontrados sobre proeminências ósseas, resultantes de pressão, fricção ou cisalhamento que prejudicam o fluxo sanguíneo. Múltiplos fatores podem contribuir para o surgimento dessas lesões. Nesse cenário, destaca-se o papel crucial do profissional de enfermagem como facilitador desse processo, pois é responsável por acompanhar o paciente desde a admissão até a alta, assumindo a responsabilidade de realizar intervenções para preservar a integridade da pele do cliente. Objetivo: descrever cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção e tratamento de lesão por pressão em unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: Foi escolhida a revisão integrativa da literatura para construir esse estudo. A fim de orientar a pesquisa, foi adotada a seguinte pergunta norteadora: "Quais foram os cuidados de enfermagem para prevenir lesões por pressão em pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva?". Os dados foram coletados na BVS, por meio das bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF e MEDLINE. Os termos utilizados para a pesquisa foram os DeCS "Cuidados de Enfermagem", "Lesão por Pressão" e "Unidade de Terapia Intensiva", combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Os critérios de inclusão foram estabelecidos da seguinte maneira: foram considerados artigos completos, escritos em português, inglês ou espanhol, que trataram da temática nos últimos cinco anos. Os critérios de exclusão abrangeram teses, dissertações, monografias, artigos que não abordaram o tema em questão e estudos duplicados nas bases de dados. Após a realização da busca inicial utilizando os descritores e operadores booleanos definidos, os resumos dos artigos selecionados foram analisados e revisados. Em seguida, os dados foram organizados em tabelas e quadros para facilitar a discussão. Resultados: A atuação da equipe de enfermagem é crucial na prevenção, exigindo o uso de escalas de avaliação de risco, como a Escala de Braden, e a aplicação de protocolos de cuidado. As intervenções envolvem o monitoramento contínuo do paciente, posicionamento adequado, uso de superfícies de apoio, manutenção da integridade da pele e educação dos pacientes e familiares. A adoção de estratégias preventivas e terapêuticas visa reduzir complicações, como infecções, diminuir o tempo de internação e melhorar o prognóstico, além de diminuir os custos hospitalares. Conclusão: A equipe de enfermagem deve identificar fatores de risco e aplicar intervenções, como posicionamento adequado e uso de superfícies protetoras, para prevenir e tratar essas lesões, promovendo a recuperação dos pacientes.
SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DAS CAUSAS, IMPACTOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO ENTRE PROFISSIONAIS DE TELEMARKETING NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Rocha Brunno Turíbio , Alves Milka Rocha , Silva Vitória Lima , Andrade Daniel Ramos de
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho investiga a Síndrome de Burnout entre profissionais de telemarketing, explorando suas causas, impactos e possíveis estratégias de prevenção. O Burnout, caracterizado por exaustão emocional, despersonalização e queda no desempenho, afeta profundamente a saúde mental dos trabalhadores e a eficiência organizacional. O setor de telemarketing, com suas interações intensas e cobranças rigorosas, cria um ambiente de trabalho propício ao desenvolvimento do Burnout, resultando em estresse, ansiedade e outros problemas psicológicos. A pesquisa destaca que fatores como suporte organizacional e estilo de liderança podem influenciar significativamente o enfrentamento do Burnout, sugerindo que práticas de apoio e valorização do bem-estar ocupacional podem mitigar seus efeitos. Baseada em análise documental e estudos pré-existentes, a pesquisa busca fornecer insights sobre como minimizar o impacto do Burnout e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores. Além disso, enfatiza a importância de práticas preventivas para reduzir absenteísmo, rotatividade e baixa produtividade, promovendo um ambiente de trabalho mais saudável e sustentável.
The role of surface-active macromolecules in the ice nucleating ability of lignin, Snomax, and agricultural soil extracts
Authors: Thompson Kathleen A. , Bieber Paul , Miller Anna J. , Link Nicole , Murray Benjamin J. , Borduas-Dedekind Nadine
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Organic matter in agricultural soil dust can enhance dust's ice-nucleating ability relative to mineral dust, and thus impact local cloud formation. But how is this organic matter able to nucleate ice? We hypothesised that hydrophobic interfaces, such as the air-water interface, influence how organic matter nucleates ice, which can be quantified by measuring surface tension. Here, we investigated correlations between surfactant properties and ice-nucleating activities of amphiphilic macromolecules common in agricultural soils and known ice nucleators, namely lignin and macromolecules from Snomax. Lignin and Snomax solutions were analysed using our droplet freezing technique, FINC, and using an optical contact angle tensiometer. Results showed that lignin and Snomax solutions of increasing concentrations had increasing ice-nucleating activity and decreasing surface tension. In addition, high-speed cryo-microscopy of the same solutions revealed a preference for freezing at the air-water interface, consistent with these proxies being ice-active surfactants preferentially residing at the air-water interface, and thus hydrophobic surfaces. We then tested this relationship in field-collected agricultural soil extracts from the UK and Canada. Despite the trend observed for lignin and Snomax, there was no clear correlation between surface tension and freezing temperature of the soil extracts. This discrepancy may arise from the high complexity of the soil solutions, where hydrophobic interfaces in the bulk potentially compete with the air-water interface. Overall, we present further evidence of the role of hydrophobic interfaces in the heterogeneous ice nucleation of organic aerosols with implications for aerosol-cloud interactions.
Technical note: a Weighing Forest Floor Grid-Lysimeter
Authors: Paulsen Heinke , Weiler Markus
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The forest floor (FF) is dominated by plant litter and its decomposition products, thereby it differs significantly from the mineral soil. Because of its wider range of pore sizes and overall high porosity, it has a large capacity to retain water and thus plays an important role in redistributing water to the mineral soil beneath. Until now most studies have focused on the behaviour of the organic layer when wetted and dried in a laboratory setting. Alternatively, field fresh samples were collected to determine the water storage potential. We present a novel low-cost grid-lysimeter designed specifically for the FF, but also suitable for other organic soil layers. It can continuously measure all water balance components of the FF. The lysimeter detects precipitation with an accuracy of 0.03 mm outperforming most rain gauges. The developed setup allows for further customization of in-situ water quality measurements. This technical note describes the setup of the lysimeter and presents performance metrics from laboratory results and initial field data.
Investigating Carbon and Nitrogen Conservation in Reported CMIP6 Earth System Model Data
Authors: Tang Gang , Nicholls Zebedee , Jones Chris , Gasser Thomas , Norton Alexander , Ziehn Tilo , Romero-Prieto Alejandro , Meinshausen Malte
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Reliable, robust, and consistent data are essential foundations for analysis of carbon cycle feedbacks. Here, we consider the data from multiple Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). We identify a mass conservation issue in the reported carbon and nitrogen data, with a few exceptions for specific models and reporting levels. The accumulated mass imbalance in the reported data can amount to hundreds of gigatons of carbon or nitrogen by the end of the simulated period, largely exceeding the total carbon/nitrogen pool size changes over the same period. Nitrogen mass imbalance is evident across all reported organic and inorganic pools, with mineral nitrogen exhibiting the most significant cumulative mass imbalance. Due to a lack of details in the reported data, we cannot uniquely identify the cause of this imbalance. However, we postulate that the carbon cycle imbalance in the reported data primarily stems from missing fluxes in the reported data and the inconsistency between the reported data and the definitions provided by the C4MIP protocol (e.g., land use and fire emissions), rather than from an underlying mass conservation issue in the models themselves. Our findings suggest that future CMIP reporting protocols should consider incorporating mass conservation into their data validation processes so that such issues are caught before users have to deal with them, rather than forcing all users to handle this issue in their own way. In addition, attention from model groups to the detailed diagnostic request and definitions, along with their own quality control will also help to avoid such issues in future. Given that CMIP6 data is no longer being reported, we recommend that data users that rely on a closed carbon/nitrogen cycle address potential flux imbalances by using the workarounds provided in this study.
A description of Ocean Forecasting Applications around the Globe
Authors: Veitch Jennifer , Alvarez-Fanjul Enrique , Capet Arthur , Ciliberti Stefania , Cirano Mauro , Clementi Emanuela , Davidson Fraser , el Sarafy Ghada , Franz Guilherme , Hogan Patrick , Joseph Sudheer , Liubartseva Svitlana , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Regan Heather , Spanoudaki Katerina
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Operational oceanography can be considered the backbone of Blue Economy: it offers solutions that can support multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals by promoting sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, livelihoods and job creation. Given this strategic challenge, the community worldwide has started to develop science-based and user-oriented downstream services and applications that use ocean products as provided by forecasting systems as main input. This paper gives an overview of the stakeholder support tools offered by such applications and includes sea state awareness, oil spill forecasting, port services and fishing and aquaculture, among others. Also emphasized is the important role of ocean literacy and citizen science to increase awareness and education in these critical topics. Snapshots of various applications in key world ocean regions, within the framework of the OceanPrediction DCC, are illustrated, with emphasis given on their level of maturity. Fully operational examples can be used as inspiration for export to other areas.
Needle Stick Injuries among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Lucknow
Authors: K Pandey Prabhat , Kunwar Rajesh , Sengar Mili , Gupta Ginic , Saini Rama
Published: November 2024

Introduction: In healthcare settings, needle stick injuries (NSIs) pose a serious risk to occupational health. They often go unreported, which exposes a crucial weakness in workplace safety procedures. Research on needle stick injuries is crucial for enhancing the safety and well-being of healthcare workers, improving healthcare delivery, and ensuring that healthcare environments are as safe and effective as possible. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of needle stick injuries among Healthcare workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lucknow. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2024 to June 2024 in a tertiary care hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh among 213 Health Care Workers (HCWs) i.e., physicians (consultants, specialists, and residents), nurses, other healthcare workers, and class IV employee working for a period of more than one year. A pre designed and pre tested structured questionnaire was developed for the study. Data regarding injuries by needle stick was collected. All needle stick injuries occurring between the period April 2023 and March 2024 was recorded. Results: The prevalence of needle stick injuries among healthcare workers was found to be 11.7% (25 out of 213) in the period of April 2023 to March 2024. Fingers (88%) were the most common site of NSI, followed by palm (8%) and hands (4%). The most common place of occurrence of NSI was wards (40%) and majority of the injuries were superficial (84%). The most common sharp causing NSI was needle (72%), followed by glass items (20%) and scalpel (4%). There was a statistically significant association between NSI and gender, years of experience, dissembling of needles by hand and working shift of health care workers (p=0.000). Conclusion: Prevalence of NSI was found to be higher among medical and paramedical staff who were working during day shift, working more than 7 hours a day and had an experience of less than 3 years.
Repensar la neutralidad bibliotecaria para hacer frente a la desinformación
Authors: Macías-Vicente Luis-Miguel
Published: November 2024

La desinformación, fenómeno complejo y problemático, no es ajena a las bibliotecas. Los profesionales de estas son expertos en la búsqueda, recuperación, tratamiento y difusión de la información y, como tales, tienen la capacidad de hacerla frente. En nuestra profesión, los códigos deontológicos son una herramienta fundamental que facilita nuestro desempeño profesional. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar los códigos de IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ALIA, SEDIC, ABF y BAD, APDIS e INCITE, centrándose en aquellos aspectos que tienen una relación más directa con la desinformación: el acceso a la información, la neutralidad y la libertad de expresión y opinión, entre otros. Tras este análisis, se discute acerca del concepto de neutralidad en el ámbito bibliotecario y se defiende una actualización de los códigos deontológicos de las diferentes asociaciones y organismos que permita una actuación más directa por parte de los bibliotecarios para hacer frente a la desinformación.
МЕТОДИКА ВЫБОРА ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО КОМПЛЕКТА ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ БАЗ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ МАРШРУТНОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА МЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КОРПУСНЫХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МАШИН
Authors: А.А. Ковалев , А.В. Побединский , Н.В. Рогов
Published: November 2024

Рассматривается проблема выбора комплектов технологических баз при проектировании технологических процессов изготовления корпусных деталей на многофункциональных обрабатывающих центрах с ЧПУ. В результате проведенного анализа был выбран граф связи поверхностей детали для представления ее линейных размеров, допусков ориентации и местоположения, а также биения. Кроме того, для выбора комплекта баз установлено, что необходимо учитывать «нереальные» базы, погрешность базирования, площадь и устойчивость главной базы, унификацию поверхностей базирования, соответствие типовым схемам базирования, а также вспомогательное время на установку и снятие заготовки. Таким образом, с учетом рассмотренных критериев разработана методика выбора оптимального комплекта технологических баз при разработке маршрутного технологического процесса механической обработки корпусных деталей на обрабатывающих центрах с ЧПУ.

The article considers the problems of choosing technological losses in the design of technological processes for manufacturing body parts on multifunctional CNC machining centers. A graph of the connections of the surfaces of the part to describe the dimensions and requirements are presented. Basing error, «unrealistic» bases, area and stability of the main base, unification of the biasing surfaces, compliance with standard basing schemes, as well as time for installation and removal of the workpiece, are described. Method of choosing the optimal technological bases in the development of the technological process of mechanical processing of machine body parts, are given.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ И КОЛЕБАНИЙ ДАВЛЕНИЯ В СМАЗОЧНОМ СЛОЕ ПРИ ТРИБОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИСПЫТАНИЯХ
Authors: А.В. Михеев , М.А. Тананов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрены экспериментальные исследования температуры и давления смазочного слоя между трущимися поверхностями. Приведено описание экспериментальной установки, позволяющей измерять температуру масла, температуры поверхностей терния и давление смазочного слоя.

The article considers the peculiarities of measuring the temperature and pressure of the lubricating layer during experimental studies of friction units. Knowing the actual temperature of the lubricant allows the change in viscosity to be taken into account when selecting a lubricant grade. For realization of the described measurement methods the universal friction machine UMT-1 was modernized. The control system of the testing unit is developed, which allows to compensate the unevenness of rotation and error in the shape of specimens, as well as to take into account the nonlinearity of temperature sensors. A method of non-contact temperature measurement is described. Conducted experiments with varying speed and load value showed the difference between surface and lubricant temperatures under static and dynamic conditions. The test results show the importance of considering heat dissipation in parts subjected to friction. A new sample design for a tribometer with sensors embedded directly in the sample is proposed. This arrangement improves the measurement accuracy and speed of the measurement system. For hydrodynamic friction, the lubrication pressure was measured followed by frequency analysis based on the maxima of the amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations. The spectrograms contain maxima that are not harmonics of the main frequency, which is a sign of different mechanisms of pressure oscillations formation.
ОЦЕНКА ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО РАДИАЛЬНОГО ПОДШИПНИКА СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ С УЧЕТОМ СЖИМАЕМОСТИ СМАЗОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА
Authors: Д.У. Хасьянова , М.А. Мукутадзе
Published: November 2024

В настоящей статье рассматривается разработка математической модели и экспериментальное исследование модифицированной конструкции радиального подшипника скольжения. Особенностью конструкций подшипника является нестандартный опорный профиль, на поверхность которого нанесено полимерное покрытие с канавкой. Особое внимание уделено учету сжимаемости смазочного материала при турбулентном режиме течения. Полученные результаты можно использовать для дальнейшего совершенствования конструкций подшипников, что позволит увеличить их надежность и долговечность в различных отраслях промышленности.

This article discusses the development of a mathematical model and an experimental study of a modified design of a radial sliding bearing. A special feature of the bearing design is a non-standard support profile, on the surface of which a polymer coating with a groove is applied. Special attention is paid to taking into account the compressibility of the lubricant in a turbulent flow regime. The results obtained can be used to further improve bearing designs, which will increase their reliability and durability in various industries.
СВОЙСТВО ГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ В ПРИРОДНОМ ИЛИ ПОПУТНОМ НЕФТЯНОМ ГАЗЕ
Authors: М.С. Рагимова , В.И. Алиев , Р.Х. Меликов , Н.М. Аббасов
Published: November 2024

В статье представлен проект обустройства нефтегазовых месторождений, который предусматривает несколько систем, в том числе систему сбора, подготовки и транспортировки природного и попутного нефтяного газа по промысловым газопроводам. Изложены основные результаты научного подхода по влиянию газодинамических сил на характеристики промыслового газопровода. Также рассмотрено влияние физико-химических, термодинамических, технологических параметров природного или попутного нефтяного газа при его движении на свойства газа и характеристики промыслового газопровода.

The article presents a project for the development of oil and gas fields, which provides for several systems, including the system of collection, preparation and transportation of natural and associated oil gas through industrial gas pipelines. The main results of the scientific approach to the influence of gas-dynamic forces on the characteristics of an industrial gas pipeline are presented. The influence of physico-chemical, thermodynamic, technological parameters of natural or associated petroleum gas during its movement on the properties of the gas and the characteristics of the industrial gas pipeline is also considered.
ИНТЕГРИРОВАННАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors: А.И. Сухомлинов
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена системному решению интеграции и автоматизации управления производством промышленного предприятия, расширению пространства его регулируемых параметров и ускорению реакции на текущие производственные события. Выполнен анализ и разработка архитектуры интегрированной информационной системы, обеспечивающей комплексное оперативное управление, в условиях промышленной революции «Индустрия 4.0». Исследованы объекты, процессы и отношения производства во взаимосвязи с другими функциональными областями предприятия, как с точки зрения экономического содержания и менеджмента, так и логической структуры информационной системы.

The work is aimed to a system solution for the integration and automation of production management of an industrial enterprise, expansion the dimension of its adjustable parameters and response acceleration to current production events. An analysis and development of the architecture for an integrated information system was carried out, providing complex operational management for the conditions of the industrial revolution «Industry 4.0». Production objects, processes and relations were studied in interconnection to other functional areas of the enterprise, both from the point of view the economic and management content, and the logical structure of the information system. The proposed architecture provides dynamic production and inventory planning and control, based on an accounted unit of production, represented by the elementary operation, with the possible further aggregation. The architecture meets the requirements for the integrated generation of optimized specifications for the workflow, flow of supplied materials and components. It introduces the concept and adds the aspect of intangible production resources management for the enterprise, including IVR/IAR models and CNC programs used during the production process along with traditional resources. The architecture is represented by two mutually consistent models - a data model and a system process model. It can be used in practice as a methodological basis for building configurations of operational production management systems and applied at enterprises of various subject profiles, especially in small and medium-sized businesses.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СКАНДИЯ, ИТТРИЯ И ЛАНТАНА НА КОРРОЗИОННО-ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЦИНКОВОГО СПЛАВА ЦАМг4.5-2
Authors: И.Ш. Идиев , М.Т. Норова , И.Н. Ганиев
Published: November 2024

В работе потенциостатическим методом в потенциодинамическом режиме при скорости развертки потенциала 2 мВ·С–1 определены основные электрохимические характеристики цинкового сплава ЦАМг4.5-2 со скандием, иттрием и лантаном, в среде электролита NaCl. Исследованиями коррозионно-электрохимического поведения цинкового сплава показано, что потенциалы свободной коррозии, питтингообразования и репассивации сплавов смещаются в положительную область с ростом концентрации редкоземельного металла. Показано, что сплавы, легированные малыми добавками указанных элементов (0,1–0,5 масс. %), отличаются повышенной коррозионной устойчивостью. Снижение скорости коррозии связано с процессом пассивации сплавов. С ростом концентрации хлорид-иона в электролите NaCl потенциалы коррозии и питтингообразования смещаются в отрицательную область, при этом увеличивается скорость коррозии сплавов.

In operation by the potentiostatic method in the potentiodynamic mode at a potential sweep rate of 2 mV·C–1 the main electrochemical characteristics of the zinc alloy TSAMG4.5-2 with scandium, yttrium and lanthanum in the medium of the electrolyte NaCl are determined. Studies of the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of a zinc alloy have shown that the potentials of free corrosion, pitting formation and repassivation of alloys shift to a positive region with an increase in the concentration of a rare- earth metal. It is shown that alloys alloyed with small additives of the specified elements (0.1–0.5 wt.%), differincreased corrosion resistance. The decrease in corrosion rate is associated with the passivation process of alloys. With increasing concentration tion of the chloride ion in the NaCl electrolyte, the corrosion and pitting potentials shift to the negative region, while the corrosion rate of alloys increases.
НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ СТРУЖЕЧНЫХ ОТХОДОВ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ БЕЗ ПЕРЕПЛАВА МЕТАЛЛА С ПОЛУЧЕНИЕМ ГОТОВЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ
Authors: М.В. Жаров
Published: November 2024

Анализируются результаты проведенных исследований по разработке технологии переработки стружечных отходов различных групп титановых сплавов без переплава металла в готовые изделия, обладающие компактной структурой материала с достаточно высокими прочностными характеристиками. Предлагаемая технология переработки стружки включает в себя следующие операции: очистка стружки, магнитная сепарация, водородное пластифицирование, двухстадийное брикетирование коническим и плоским пуансоном, дегазация капсульной оболочки брикета, герметизация оболочки, термокомпрессионная обработка брикета в капсульной оболочке, экструдирование брикета совместно с капсулой, механическая обработка. Исследованы особенности брикетирования стружки, получаемой при механической обработке титановых сплавов, особенности формирования брикетов при различных способах брикетирования. Определены наиболее рациональные способы брикетирования стружки титановых сплавов, обеспечивающие наиболее эффективную переработку компактируемого материала и максимальную плотность формируемых брикетов. Установлено, что водородное пластифицирование титановой стружки способствует не только более интенсивному уплотнению пористого материала брикетов, но и образованию дополнительных очагов твердофазного соединения при наличии сжимающих напряжений и сдвиговых деформаций. Исследован эффект от применения пуансонов с конической рабочей поверхностью при консолидации стружечного материала в процессе холодного брикетирования.

The results of research carried out on the development of technology for processing waste chips of various groups of titanium alloys without remelting the metal into finished products with a compact material structure with fairly high strength characteristics are analyzed. The proposed chip processing technology includes the following operations: chip cleaning, magnetic separation, hydrogen plasticization, two-stage briquetting with a conical and flat punch, degassing of the briquette capsule shell, shell sealing, thermocompression processing of the briquette in a capsule shell, extrusion of the briquette together with the capsule, mechanical treatment. The features of briquetting of various types of chips obtained during mechanical processing of titanium alloys have been studied, and the features of the formation of briquettes using various briquetting methods have been studied. The most rational methods for briquetting titanium alloy shavings have been determined, ensuring the most efficient processing of the compacted material and the maximum density of the formed briquettes. It was found that hydrogen plasticization of titanium shavings not only promotes more intense compaction of the porous briquette material, but also promotes the formation of additional sites of solid-phase bonding in the presence of compressive stresses and shear deformations. The effect of using punches with a conical working surface during the consolidation of chip material in the process of cold briquetting has been studied.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НЕМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЙ И ФАЗОВЫХ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЙ НА СТОЙКОСТЬ НИЗКОУГЛЕРОДИСТЫХ МИКРОЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ СТАЛЕЙ К УСТАЛОСТНОМУ РАЗРУШЕНИЮ
Authors: Н.А. Арутюнян , А.В. Колдаев , А.Б. Степанов , С.Ф. Дунаев
Published: November 2024

Низкоуглеродистые микролегированные стали широко применяются в различных отраслях техники и промышленности благодаря превосходному сочетанию прочности, пластичности, свариваемости, коррозионной стойкости. Однако при эксплуатации стальной продукции возможно возникновение проблем, вызванных усталостным разрушением при циклических нагрузках. Одним из важных факторов является структурное состояние, в том числе наличие неметаллических включений и фазовых выделений. В настоящее время изучение процесса разрушения стали в условиях повторных нагрузок остается актуальным. В данном обзоре обобщены и систематизированы результаты исследований влияния неметаллических включений и фазовых выделений на усталостную прочность низкоуглеродистых микролегированных сталей.

Low-carbon microalloyed steels are widely used in Various branches of technology and industry due to their excellent combination of strength, ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance. HoweVer, during the operation of steel products, problems may arise due to fatigue failure under cyclic loads. In this case, one of the important factors is the structural state, including the presence of non-metallic inclusions and phase precipitates. Currently, the study of the process of destruction of steel under repeated loads remains releVant; significant experimental and theoretical material has been accumulated concerning this problem. This reView summarizes and systematizes the results of studies of the influence of non-metallic inclusions and phase precipitates on the fatigue strength of low-carbon microalloyed steels.
СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ОСОБОТОЛСТОСТЕННЫХ ГИЛЬЗ ИЗ КОЛЕСНОЙ СТАЛИ МАРКИ Т, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ СПОСОБОМ ВИНТОВОЙ ПРОШИВКИ
Authors: В.П. Романенко , А.В. Фомин , А.А. Севастьянов , Г.А. Филиппов , О.В. Ливанова , Д.Р. Раджабов
Published: November 2024

В работе представлены результаты исследования механических свойств заготовок из колесной стали марки Т (отобранных из непрерывнолитой заготовки и слитка диаметрами 455 и 472 мм соответственно) в исходном литом состоянии и после деформационного воздействия способом винтовой прошивки. Для исследований отобраны исходные заготовки диам. 100 мм из периферийной и срединной частей непрерывнолитой заготовки и слитка. Прошивку заготовок осуществляли при углах подачи 12 и 14° с коэффициентами вытяжки в диапазоне 1,26–1,68. Показано, что после прошивки деформированный металл приобретает более высокие пластические свойства по сравнению с исходным состоянием, при этом отмечены бóльшие изменения в продольном направлении по сравнению со свойствами в тангенциальном направлении. Выявлено уменьшение отличий в значениях прочностных, пластических свойств и ударной вязкости между металлом заготовок из срединной части и периферии непрерывнолитой заготовки и слитка.

The article shows results of the mechanical properties study for wheel steel billets, grade T (selected from con-cast billets and ingots with the diameter of 455 and 472 mm, respectively) in the as-cast condition and upon deformation resulted from skew piercing. 100 mm dia. initial billets were selected from the peripheral and middle part of con-cast billets and ingots for the investigation. Billets were subjected to piercing at 12 and 14° feed angles with the reduction ratio within 1.26–1.68. It was proved that upon piercing the deformed metal acquired higher plastic properties as compared to the initial state, with greater changes in the longitudinal direction as compared to the properties in the tangential direction. The differences in the strength, plastic and impact strength values between the billets middle part metal and con-cast billets and ingots peripheral part metal were found to be decreased.
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ ГОРЯЧЕЙ ПРОКАТКИ СТАЛЬНЫХ ПОЛОС
Authors: А.В. Алдунин
Published: November 2024

В настоящее время резервы прокатываемого на непрерывных широкополосных станах горячей прокатки металла используются недостаточно полно по его структуре. Применение построенной по результатам физического моделирования и количественного металлографического анализа диаграммы рекристаллизации аустенита стали для распределения относительных обжатий по клетям непрерывной чистовой группы стана позволит получать готовые полосы с минимальной разнозернистостью. При переходе от условий прокатки узкого модельного образца к натурным условиям прокатки широкой полосы с натяжением следует учитывать поправку коэффициента измельчения рекристаллизованного зерна аустенита по напряженно-деформированному состоянию металла. Для ограничения роста зерна аустенита после первого обжатия в непрерывной чистовой группе стана вместо первых двух четырехвалковых клетей предлагается использовать новое техническое решение – листопрокатную клеть дуппель-кварто. Для улучшения качества горячекатаных кромок готовых полос за клетью дуппель-кварто в чистовой группе могут быть установлены вертикальные валки.

Currently, the reserves of metal rolled on continuous wide-band hot rolling mills are not used fully enough in terms of its structure. The use of a steel austenite recrystallization diagram constructed based on the results of physical modeling and quantitative metallographic analysis to distribute relative reductions among the stands of a continuous finishing group of the mill will make it possible to obtain finished strips with minimal grain size variations. When moving from the conditions of rolling a narrow model sample to the full-scale conditions of rolling a wide strip under tension, one should take into account the correction of the refinement factor of the recrystallized austenite grain according to the stress-strain state of the metal. To limit the growth of austenite grains after the first reduction in a continuous finishing group of the mill, instead of the first two four-roll stands, it is proposed to use a new technical solution – a double-quarto sheet rolling stand. And to improve the quality of the hot-rolled edges of the finished strips, vertical rolls can be installed behind the double-quarto stand in the finishing group.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПОРОШКОВОЙ ПРОВОЛОКИ С АЛЮМОТЕРМИТНЫМ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЕМ ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРОДУГОВОЙ СВАРКИ СТАЛИ Е40 ПРИ НИЗКОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ
Authors: А.В. Ткачева , Е.Е. Абашкин
Published: November 2024

Работа посвящена задаче температурных напряжений, в которой моделируется процесс электродуговой сварки стали Е40 при низкой температуре. Для понижения значений остаточных напряжений демонстрируется возможность использования порошковой проволоки с алюмотермитным наполнителем. Источник тепла моделируется двойным эллипсоидом, предложенным Джоном А. Голдаком. Материал пластины принимается упруго-пластическим, деформации малыми и состоящими из упругих и пластических. Обратимые (упругие) деформации связаны с напряжениями по закону Дюамеля–Неймана, необратимые (пластические) зарождаются и растут благодаря пластическому течению в рамках ассоциированного закона пластического течения. Определено, что при комбинированном тепловом воздействии увеличивается температурный интервал, при котором возможно проведение сварочных работ для стали Е40, что подтверждается интенсивностью остаточных напряжений.

The work is devoted to the problem of temperature stresses, in which the process of electric arc welding of E40 steel at low temperatures is simulated. To reduce the values of residual stresses, the possibility of using flux-cored wire with an aluminothermic filler is demonstrated. The heat source is modeled by a double ellipsoid proposed by John A. Golduck. The plate material is assumed to be elastic-plastic, the deformations are small and consist of elastic and plastic. Reversible (elastic) deformations are related to stresses by the Duhamel-Neumann law, irreversible (plastic) deformations arise and grow due to plastic flow within the framework of the associated plastic flow law. It has been determined that with a combined thermal effect, the temperature range at which welding work is possible for E40 steel increases, which is confirmed by the intensity of residual stresses.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ МЕТАЛЛА ТРУБ И ИХ СВАРНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ НА СОПРОТИВЛЯЕМОСТЬ РАЗРУШЕНИЮ ПРИ ИСПЫТАНИЯХ В ВОДОРОДЕ
Authors: С.Ю. Настич , В.А. Лопаткин , В.А. Егоров , А.Б. Арабей , А.Ю. Михалев
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена оценке сопротивляемости водородному охрупчиванию металла труб класса прочности К60 (категории прочности Х70) с разным типом структуры, а также их сварных соединений. Представлены результаты испытаний металла труб на трещиностойкость (по стандарту ASTM E1681) и медленное растяжение в водороде и смесях водорода с азотом при давлении 10 МПа. Проведены исследования структуры стали и распределения твердости по Виккерсу вдоль фронта субкритической трещины на образцах после испытаний на трещиностойкость. Рассмотрены особенности строения основного металла труб и металла сварных соединений (металл шва и зоны термического влияния), которые могут оказывать влияние на водородное охрупчивание трубной стали и на получаемые значения подрастания трещины при испытаниях на трещиностойкость.

The paper deals with the assessment of the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of pipeline steel of strength class K60 (X70 Grade) with different types of microstructure, as well as their welded joints. The results of fracture threshold test (according to the ASTM E1681 standard) and slow strain rate tension test (SSRT) of pipe metal in hydrogen and hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures at a pressure of 10 MPa are presented. The steel structure and the Vickers hardness distribution along the subcritical crack front were investigated on samples after fracture threshold testing. The structural features of the base metal of pipes and the metal of welded joints (weld metal and heat-affected zone), which can influence the hydrogen embrittlement of pipe steel and the obtained values of crack growth during fracture threshold tests, are considered.
Leveraging Fog Computing for Virtual Machine Placement in the Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Vipin Kumar Jaiswal
Published: November 2024

In the era of cloud computing, the allocation of virtual machines to physical machines within a data center is a critical issue that involves the decision-making process of determining the optimal strategy. It involves optimizing resource usage of CPU and RAM, reducing latency, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring the completion of tasks. Fog computing addresses these challenges by extending processing and storage resources to the edge of the network. Similar to the cloud, it may employ virtual machines for efficient resource utilization. In this paper, the capability of fog computing is leveraged for efficient virtual machine placement. A comprehensive solution is presented for optimum resource utilization in the fog/cloud environment. iFogSim toolkit is used that address the challenges of reducing latency, increasing energy consumption, and increasing resource utilization in fog/cloud computing environments. Results show the effectiveness of the solution by indicating reduced latency, efficient CPU utilization at about 67.5% with other important  metrices.
Information Society and the Virtual Labour
Authors: Lamouri Asma
Published: November 2024

One of the current prevailing concepts in general system theory since the last decade of the twentieth century is the concept of labour in the context of a knowledge society, in which work is becoming more virtual as a direct result of continuous scientific development through the use of internet software and social networks. The present piece attempts to emphasise the relationship and complementarity between a number of key surrounding notions and the new concept of labour. It also attempts to identify the causes for emergence in such situations, as well as to highlight the need of learning such concepts at both the theoretical and practical levels, in order to suggest a rational structure of new societies with a lower proportion of social and economic corruption.
ÇİN-JAPONYA İLİŞKİLERİNDE ULUSLARARASI SİSTEM KAYNAKLI DEĞİŞİMLER: TEHDİT DENGESİ TEORİSİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Demir Fatih
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışma, on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarında belirgin şekilde uluslararası sisteme eklemlenen Japonya ve Çin’in, bu tarihlerden günümüze kadar olan dönemdeki ikili ilişkilerini ve bu ilişkilerin uluslararası sistemin etkisiyle uğradığı değişimleri “Tehdit Dengesi Teorisi” bağlamında açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Japonya ve Çin ilişkilerinin tarihi, sistem düzeyinde ve sistem dönemlerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. İki ülkenin on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarından günümüze kadar sırasıyla çok kutuplu, çift kutuplu ve son olarak tek kutuplu veya gevşek tek kutuplu sistemlerdeki ilişkilerinin değişimleri anlatılmış ve bu şekilde dönemsel olarak ortaya çıkan farklılıklar açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. İki ülke arasında ortaya çıkan bu farklılıkların sebebi realist teori kapsamında Stephen Walt’un öne sürdüğü Tehdit Dengesi Teorisi ile tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, tehdit algılarının değişiminin değerlendirilmesi ve tespiti de Tehdit Dengesi Teorisi kapsamında öne sürülen dört değerlendirme birimine göre yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ilk olarak, Tehdit Dengesi Teorisi ve değerlendirme birimleri açıklanmıştır. Ardından, günümüze değin Çin-Japonya ilişkileri gözden geçirilmiş ve iki ülke arasındaki temel sorunlar açıklanmıştır. Son olarak, on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarından günümüze kadar geçen sürede meydana gelen sistem değişikliklerinin iki ülke ilişkileri üzerine yansımaları dört değerlendirme birimi temelinde ve tehdit algısı bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Varılan sonuca göre, geleneksel rakipler olarak kendileri için birbirlerinden daha büyük tehlikeler hissettikleri dönemlerde Çin ve Japonya daha iyi ilişkilere sahip olmuşlardır. Uluslararası sistemin yapısında kaynaklı olarak kendilerine yönelmiş daha büyük tehditler görmediklerinde ise iki ülke daha sorunlu ve çatışmacı dönemler geçirme başlamışlardır.