bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stepping Out of Bounds: The Over-Prosecution of Recreational Athletes in Light of DFSNZ v XYZ
Authors: Garlick Marko
Published: June 2020

DFSNZ v XYZ presents a worrying precedent for anti-doping law. That case arose after New Zealand's anti-doping enforcement body, Drug Free Sport New Zealand (DFSNZ), expanded its jurisdiction over recreational athletes. It did so by internal administrative decision and without notice. This action was upheld in DFSNZ v XYZ by a majority of the Sports Tribunal resulting in an unsuspecting recreational golfer being banned for one year. The decision upheld DFSNZ's extension of onerous obligations and invasive testing powers designed for elite athletes to the large proportion of ordinary New Zealanders who partake in recreational sport. This article critiques the XYZ decision on two bases: (a) DFSNZ's illegitimate expansion of its jurisdiction to recreational athletes by mere administrative policy change; and (b) the pitfalls of extending a regime designed for elite athletes to recreational athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has developed a new World Anti-Doping Code which will come into force in January 2021. The 2021 Code creates a new two-tiered system which treats "athletes" and "recreational athletes" differently. This article analyses the new Code and critiques its shortcomings with regards to defining the Code's jurisdiction and ensuring a proportionate response to doping in recreational sport. WADA's new code is a step in the right direction but fails to go far enough to align with the participation, health and education objectives of recreational sport.
Depriving Right-Holders of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms Too Easily? Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association Inc v Brett and the Issue of Waiver under the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
Authors: Laugesen Rosa
Published: June 2020

In Low Volume Vehicle Technical Association Inc v Brett, the New Zealand Court of Appeal grappled with the rare issue of whether a person can waive their right to freedom of expression under the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (NZBORA). The Court, responding in the affirmative, concluded that Mr Brett had waived this right. This article critiques that decision. While the Court was right to find that Mr Brett could waive his right to freedom of expression, it failed to scrutinise the waiver to ensure that this relinquishment of a protected right in fact reflected Mr Brett's free choice. Had the Court considered a different approach to analysing Mr Brett's waiver – at the prima facie breach stage, instead of under s 5 of the NZBORA – proper scrutiny would have been achieved. That approach would have ensured that Mr Brett was not so easily deprived of his right.
A Moment's Inadvertence Should Not Bring Down the Heavens: Rethinking Proportionality in Negligence Law in New Zealand
Authors: Venter Karan
Published: June 2020

True proportionality between the degree of a tortfeasor's fault and the extent of a plaintiff's loss is unachievable in negligence law in New Zealand. As Mallon J's judgment in Strathboss Kiwifruit Ltd v Attorney-General highlighted, the concept of proportionality can only be used to negate an alleged tortfeasor's duty of care, thereby eliminating the potential for liability. This approach does not accommodate differing levels of disproportionality. Moreover, relying on negligence law's liability limiting mechanisms to achieve proportionality, as Mallon J did in Strathboss, will not always be fruitful; there may still be a large gap between what a defendant has done and what the defendant is held accountable for. The extent of a tortfeasor's liability may depend on luck rather than principle. However, internationally, the wrongful conception and birth cases reveal a more nuanced use of proportionality: reducing the scope of a tortfeasor's duty of care. While this may be seen as inconsistent with negligence law's compensatory objective, I argue that a tortfeasor's interest in being free from undue burdens should constrain this objective, where necessary. This article develops on the reasoning in the wrongful conception and birth cases and borrows from the language of the Contributory Negligence Act 1947 to create a general mechanism for limiting a tortfeasor's liability in the interests of proportionality. The proposed mechanism aims to ensure that the law of negligence delivers more just results.
Student Knowledge in Reading Nutrient Label Information and Types of Packaging Food Consumed by Nursing Students
Authors: Mahmuudah Lu'lu' Nisaa , Mardiah Wiwi , Lumbantobing Valentina BM
Published: June 2020

Nutrient labels provided information regarding food production and lead to healthy eating. Prior health and nutrient literacy skills could support effective food label usage. Nurses needed to have good literacy skills during the education process. This study aimed to identify knowledge in reading the nutrient label and packaged food consumption in nursing students. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design. The sample was recruited from all students at the Faculty of Nursing with 42% of the response rate obtained (n= 229). Data were collected using a nutrient label questionnaire (20 items) and FFQ (83 items). Data were analyzed using a univariate method. The result showed that 55.5% of nursing students had good knowledge of reading nutrient labels. There were 5 types of processed food that most consumed by nursing students consisting of yogurt (59.8%), pudding (50.2%), chocolate bar (55.9%), cake (54.6%), and processed meatballs (54.1%). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nutrient label knowledge of nursing students was good enough, but there needed to be an even distribution of nutrients label knowledge across the entire student stage. This can be achieved by taking several actions to increase health literacy, for instance, nutrient label booklet and nutrient label cards.
Development of a Four-Tier Instrument of Acid-Base properties of salt Solution
Authors: Habiddin Habiddin , Ameliana Devita Novi , Su’aidy Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Many chemistry teachers claimed that identifying students' understanding genuinely is challenging due to the limited time available, and the overload works faced. Therefore, constructing an efficient and valid instrument to overcome this difficulty is a must. This study is a part of the big project to produce a robust four-tier instrument to identify students' conception of acid-base properties of salt solution (FTI-ABPS2). The project involved six groups of researchers, and each group carried out the study in 6 different participant groups and schools. This paper outlines the development and validation of a four-tier instrument of Acid-Base properties of salt Solution involving public secondary school students in Malang Regency. The instrument was constructed using the procedure as carried out by Habiddin & Page (2019). Twenty-eight questions were constructed for the instrument. The results show that the instrument is valid and reliable to be implemented further. In-depth analysis regarding content validity, as well as the empirical validity of the instrument in light with the characteristic of chemical concepts (acid-base properties of salt solution in particular), is also discussed.
Rain Prediction Using Rule-Based Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Anwar Muchamad Taufiq , Nugrohadi Saptono , Tantriyati Vita , Windarni Vikky Aprelia
Published: June 2020

Rain prediction is an important topic that continues to gain attention throughout the world. The rain has a big impact on various aspects of human life both socially and economically, for example in agriculture, health, transportation, etc. Rain also affects natural disasters such as landslides and floods. The various impact of rain on human life prompts us to build a model to understand and predict rain to provide early warning in various fields/needs such as agriculture, transportation, etc. This research aims to build a rain prediction model using a rule-based Machine Learning approach by utilizing historical meteorological data. The experiment using the J48 method resulted in up to 77.8% accuracy in the training model and gave accurate prediction results of 86% when tested against actual weather data in 2020.
Plastic Waste Recycle for Industrial
Authors: Haryono Muhammad Budi , Utami Wikan Budi
Published: June 2020

The high-income countries are leading to higher consumption of plastic, despite prominent contribution to the global problem of plastic pollution. The high quantities of plastic wastes are extremely threatening to harm the environment and inhabitants due to mismanagement such as ingested in the fish and also harmful to human health (cancer is a major disease) if such consuming a fish. This review paper explored a solution to treating plastic waste to improve the sustainability of the environment. The use of recycled plastic wastes as a component has been found to be the most beneficial as it can be used to replace all solid components.
Las misiones de los dominicos en la provincia de Chiapa. Transcripción del auto “Sobre que los religiosos de Santo Domingo, provean de suficientes ministros para las doctrinas que administran. Año de 1656”
Authors: Gómez Vázquez Ulises Antonio
Published: June 2020

La llegada, en 1545, de la orden de Santo Domingo a Ciudad Real, hoy San Cristóbal de Las Casas, marcó una importante coyuntura para la historia de la provincia de Chiapa. Durante el periodo colonial una de las constantes preocupaciones de la Iglesia fue la administración de importantes pilares para la cristianización de los indios.
Jaime Augusto Shelley: un poeta marginal y excéntrico
Authors: Robles Ruiz Ana Alejandra
Published: June 2020

Reseña del libro: Morales Bermúdez, Jesús (2018). Variaciones poéticas de Jaime Augusto Shelley. México: CESMECA-UNICACH y Juan Pablos Editor.
EFFECTS OF MODERATE-INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING ON STRESS OXIDATIVE MARKER: MALONDIALDEHYDE AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN ABDOMINAL AORTA OF JUVENILE RATS
Authors: Ibrahim Ilyas Ermita I. , Utami Tyas Putri , Siagian Minarma , S Santoso Dewi Irawati , Prijanti Ani Retno
Published: June 2020

To improve cardiovascular health, the WHO recommends 60 minutes of frequent moderate intensity physical activity in childhood. ACSM also recommends physical activity 30 minutes moderate activity or 30 minutes vigorous intensity, 3-4 times per week. However, limited data concerned in exercise starting from childhood effect to oxidative stress marker in vascular. Therefore the long-term effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training in early age on the cardiovascular, specifically on vascular stress oxidative marker needed to be studied. This study was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 3 weeks (60-70 grams), randomly allocated into 2 groups: 1) control group and 2) training group. Aerobic exercise training was conducted for 8 weeks on treadmill with age-dependent speeds. Training was intermittently 5 days each week for 20 minutes. Vascular oxidative stress marker was analyzed by measuring the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on the abdominal aorta. Both the levels of MDA and SOD activity tended to increase in training group compared to the control group. The resuls of this study showed that long-term effects of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training in juvenile tended to increase the levels of MDA and specific SOD activity in the abdominal aorta tissues.
CONTRIBUTION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN OUR EDUCATION SYSTEM
Authors: Vijayalakshmi
Published: June 2020

Emotional Intelligence (EI) also known as Emotional Quotient (EQ) is one of the hot topics among Teachers and learners. Emotional Intelligence (EI) has had a huge impact on management since Daniel Goleman (1995) published his book popular book on EI for a wider audience. From fairly humble beginnings. EI has come into its own as one of the most popular psychological concepts of the last decade. EI has been used by some as an umbrella term that comprises elements such as ‘soft skills’, ‘people skills’, and a general ability to cope with life’s demands.
Mekânsal Davranış Yaklaşımı İle Huzurevlerinin Mekânsal Örgütlenmesinin İrdelenmesi, Bolu ve Düzce Örnekleri
Authors: KAPLAN Merve , KAYA Ayşegül
Published: June 2020

Günümüzde özellikle
gelişmiş ülkelerde hayat koşullarının iyileşmesiyle yaşam süreleri uzamıştır.
Bunun sonucu olarak da artan yaşlı nüfus nedeniyle yaşlılık ve yaşlı kurumları
üzerinde çalışılması gereken bir olgu haline gelmiştir. Yaşlılık kurumları
olarak adlandırdığımız yaşlı bakım evleri, huzurevleri gibi kurumların
tasarlanması,  gelişen olanaklar ve
gereksinimler nedeniyle üzerinde araştırılması ve geliştirilmesi gereken önemli
bir konu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu kurumların tasarımı ve yaşlı birey
davranışlarının mekânın mimarisi ile ilişkisinin araştırılması bu çalışmanın
amacıdır. Araştırmada, mekânsal davranış kavramı literatürde incelenerek
huzurevlerinin tasarımı ile ilişkisi irdelenecektir. Bu amaçla, Bolu İli,
Merkez İlçesi’nde bulunan Bolu İzzet Baysal Vakıf Huzurevi ve Düzce İli, Kalıcı
Konutlar Mevkii’nde bulunan Neriman Çilingir Huzurevleri örnek çalışma alanı
olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın kavramsal çerçevesini mekân ve  mekânsal davranış oluşturmaktadır.  Araştırma; fotoğraflama, gözlem, mülakat ve
anket yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı dört aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. Bu araştırma ile
elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, yaşlı kullanıcı davranış
tepkileri, mekânı kullanımları, mekânın dönüşümü ve alan çalışması olarak
seçilen mekânlar üzerinde nasıl etki ettiğine ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
gelecekteki huzurevlerinin projelendirilmesinde bu yaş gurubundaki insanların
duyuşsal ve davranışsal gereksinimleri dikkate alınarak mimari tasarım
sürecinde göz önünde tutulması gereken somut ölçütlerin elde edilmesi
hedeflenmektedir.
Speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor using neural network model predictive control
Authors: S Venkatesan , KAMARAJ Premkumar , M Vishnupriya
Published: June 2020

Model predictive control has been widely used in the industry. This can control the multivariable system with constraints on input and output variables but it needs online computation solver, and creates the non-convex solution in nonlinear plant due to the parameter uncertainties. The online computational problem and non-convex solution of the model predictive control are achieved via neural network model predictive control. The paper explores the speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by using neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) technique. The multi-layer artificial neural network is used to identify the dynamics of PMSM. The set point speed tracking control of PMSM is identified by using neural network model predictive control strategy. By using the set of input and output data obtained from the system, the multi input-output feed-forward neural network model is created. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to train the process models of the PMSM. That provides future plant output for control optimization of the predictive control. The overall system is developed and tested in the MATLAB/Simulink. To evaluate the efficiency of the controller proposed, it is compared with a constrained model predictive controller through the studies of simulation. The overshoot and settling time of the speed response of the PMSM are measured and analyzed for NNMPC and constrained MPC.
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PT. PELINDO IV (PERSERO) TERMINAL PETIKEMAS MAKASSAR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Delfani Gemely , Russeng Syamsiar , Jafar Nurhaedar
Published: June 2020

Kecelakaan kerja dan Penyakit Akibat Kerja terjadi karena adanya sebab. Oleh karena itu penyebab terjadinyakecelakaan harus ditemukan agar selanjutnya dengan tindakan korektif dan upaya preventif dapat dilakukanuntuk mencegah kecelakaan serupa tidak terulang. Studi implementasi sendiri mencapai suatu titik “intelectualdead-end” atau “lacking in any consensual theory” karena sulitnya mengembangkan ide untuk memajukanpenelitian implementasi utamanya pada Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di perusahaan,sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model implementasi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakanjenis penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam,observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Model Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerjadibangun dengan menghubungkan analisis melalui pembuatan model, bentuk model dan menghubungkankonsep dalam model melalui relationship variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian SistemManajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja yaitu 83% dengan tingkat penilaian implementasi baik, terdapat137 elemen memenuhi kriteria, 28 elemen parsial dan 1 elemen tidak memenuhi kriteria. Tercapainya modelImplementasi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan kerja di perusahaan ditunjang oleh adanya manajemen terintegrasi,prosedur dan instruksi kerja, komitmen, kesadaran, sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, pelatihan,manajemen risiko dan tanggap darurat, komunikasi, pelaporan serta pendokumentasian dan pengendaliandokumen. Aspek-aspek tersebut berkontribusi terhadap keselamatan kerja, kesehatan kerja, produktivitas kerja,income perusahaan dan prestasi zero accident di perusahaan dengan nilai rata-rata coverage informan yaitu97%.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN PESERTA BPJS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH HAJI MAKASSAR
Authors: Datuan Nirmayasri , Darmawansyah Darmawansyah , Daud Anwar
Published: June 2020

Kepuasan pasien adalah aspek penting dalam mengukur kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel keterjangkauan/ akses, kenyamanan, ketepatan waktu, terhadapkepuasan pasien peserta BPJS di RSUD Haji Makassar. Jenis penelitan yang dilakukan adalah penelitiankuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi adalah pasien peserta BPJS di ruang rawat inap diRSUD Haji Makassar sebanyak 6369 pasien. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakanteknik accidental sampling dengan besar sampel 222 orang. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah univariat danbivariat dengan uji chi square, multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik . Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwaada pengaruh keterjangkauan/ akses (p=0,039), ketepatan waktu (p=0,048), dan tidak ada pengaruh kenyamanan(p=0,725), terhadap kepuasan pasien peserta BPJS di ruang rawat inap di RSUD Haji Makassar Tahun 2018.Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi logistik variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien adalahketerjangkauan/ akses nilai (Exp(B) sebesar 2.128 kali nilai p=0,038). Diharapkan pada pihak rumah sakit agardapat meningkatkan prasarana dan sarana pada unit perawatan RSUD Haji sehingga kepuasan pasien dapatmeningkat.
PENGARUH BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PERAWAT DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUD LABUANG BAJI MAKASSAR
Authors: Erlina Erlina , Arifin Alwy , Salamah Andi Ummu
Published: June 2020

Beban kerja merupakan sejumlah target pekerjaan atau hasil yang harus dicapai dalam suatu satuan waktu, dimanaseluruh kegiatan atau aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh seorang perawat selama bertugas disuatu unit pelayanankeperawatan yang merujuk pada jumlah prosedur dan pemeriksaan kunjungan pada pasien. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja perawat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalahAnalitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 130responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Exhaustive Sampling dimana semua jumlah populasi dijadikansampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini, menujukkan bahwa Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi-squarediperoleh nilai p = 0,011, karena nilai p value < 0,05 maka ada pengaruh beban kerja direct care terhadap kinerjaperawat. Hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi-square diperoleh nilai p = 0,015, karena nilai p value <0,05 maka ada pengaruh beban kerja indirect care terhadap kinerja perawat. Diharapkan semua variabel bebankerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perawat perlu diperhatikan dan dijadikan tolak ukur dalam pengambilankebijakan kedepannya di Institusi rumah sakit.
AVRUPA’DAKİ MÜSLÜMANLAR VE AVRUPA İSLAMI
Authors: YASAR Aysun
Published: June 2020

Müslümanların
Avrupa kültürüne uyum sağlaması gerektiği tartışmaları Avrupa Birliği
ülkelerinde yıllardır gündemden düşmemektedir. Avrupa’da İslam yabancı bir fenomen olarak gösterilmektedir.
Hâlbuki İslam Endülüs’ün fethinden beri Avrupa`da mevcuttur. İkinci Dünya
Savaşı’ndan sonra Müslümanların sayısı misafir işçi ve akabinde aile
birleşimiyle artmıştır. Son yıllarda Suriye’deki iç savaştan dolayı Suriyeli
Müslümanlar Avrupa ülkelerine iltica etmişlerdir. Müslümanlar
din hürriyetlerini elde etmek, ekonomik ihtiyaçlarını gidermek, savaş gibi
sıkıntılardan kurtulmak için, yaşam şartlarının daha iyi olduğu yerlere,
özellikle Avrupa ülkelerine göç etmektedirler. Avrupa’da Hristiyan dinine mensup insanlar çoğunlukta,
güçlü ve etken unsuru, Müslümanlar azınlık olarak daha güçsüz ve edilgen unsuru
oluşturmaktadırlar. Entegrasyon politikası, kimin kime uyum sağlayacağını,
toplumun içindeki güç dağılımının bir aynasını teşkil etmektedir. Avrupa
İslamı konsepti, Avrupa ve İslam’ın uyum içinde olduğu bir yaşam tarzı
oluşturmak ister. İlk defa 1990’lı yıllarda siyaset bilimcisi Bassam Tibi Avrupa İslamı ifadesini
kullanmaya başlamıştır. 1999 yılında ilahiyatçı Tarık Ramazan Müslümanların Avrupa
ülkelerine entegrasyonu için Avrupa İslamı adı altında bir sistem geliştirmeye
çalışmıştır. Tibi ve Ramazan Avrupa İslamı tartışmalarında İslam’ın etik
değerlerini vurgularlar. Tibi argümanlarında evrensellik ve tarihsellik
düşüncelerine ağırlık verirken, Ramazan teolojik boyutta argüman sunmayı tercih
eder. Avrupa İslamı düşünürlerinin gayesi, Avrupa’da yaşayan Müslümanların
kimlik çelişkisi yaşamadan kendilerini hem İslam dinine hem de Avrupa ülkelerine
ait hissetmeleridir. Ramazan’a göre Avrupa İslamı kimlik ve aidiyet üzerinden
belirlenir. Bir Müslüman Avrupa’da hem ümmete ait bir Müslüman hem de bir
Avrupalı olabilir.  Avrupa İslamı
düşünürleri İslam’ın etik değerlerinin genel olarak değişken olmadığını
vurgularlar, değişken olan unsurlar üzerinde çalışılması gerektiğini söylerler.
Lakin bugüne kadar Müslümanların sorularına cevap ve sorunlarına çözüm
sunabilen kapsamlı bir yaşam konsepti geliştirilememiştir. Avrupa’daki sekülerleşme insan haklarının bir parçası olan
din hürriyetini desteklemektedir ve İslam’ın uygulanmasını engellememektedir. Avrupa
ülkelerine göç eden Müslümanların çoğunluğu yaşadıkları ülkenin vatandaşlığını
alıp dördüncü nesile ulaşmalarına rağmen, içinde yaşadıkları toplum tarafından
halen yabancı gözüyle değerlendirilmektedirler. Avrupa’da İslam tasavvuru
olumsuzdur ve İslamofobya günden güne yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu durumda Müslümanlar birtakım engellerle
karşılaşmaktadırlar ve günlük hayatlarının birçok alanında ayrımcılığa
uğramaktadırlar. Müslüman olmayan egemen toplum Müslümanların entegrasyon ve
sekülerleşme çabalarına rağmen İslam’ı Avrupa’nın bir parçası olarak
görmemektedir. Avrupa İslamı tartışmaları Avrupa’da yaşayan Müslümanların
içinde yaşadıkları toplum tarafından tanınmalarını görülür bir şekilde
sağlamamıştır.
MERYEM SURESİ 57. ÂYET BAĞLAMINDA HZ. İDRÎS'İN (AS) GÖĞE YÜKSELTİLMESİYLE İLGİLİ RİVAYETLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAPLAN Abdurrahim
Published: June 2020

Allah, tevhid inancını hâkim kılmak için tarihin her
döneminde elçiler göndermiştir. Bu elçilerin bazılarına sahife, bazılarına
kitap göndermiş bazılarına da önceki şeriatleri devam ettirme sorumluluğunu
yüklemiştir. Her peygambere verdiği mucize ve meziyet farklı olmuştur.
Kur'ân'da bazı peygamberlerden çok söz ettiği gibi bazılarından ise daha öz söz
etmiştir. Kendisinden az olarak bahsedilen peygamberlerden biri de Hz.
İdrîs'tir. Kur'ân, Hz. İdrîs'ten (as) iki yerde bahsetmektedir.  Onu sıddîk ve sabırlı olarak
nitelendirmektedir. Kur'ân'da Hz. İdrîs'in yüce bir makama yükseltildiğinin
haber verilmesi müfessirlerce merak konusu olmuştur. Müfessirler tarih boyunca
konunun anlaşılması için farklı görüşlerde bulunmuş ancak ortak görüş üzerinde
mutabık kalamamıştır. Bununla beraber konuyla ilgili nakledilen birçok rivayet,
meseleyi içinden çıkılmaz bir duruma getirmiştir. Alimlerin cevap bulmaya
çalıştıkları soru Allah'ın Hz. İdrîs'e verdiği üstün makamın ne olduğu veya ne
şekilde gerçekleştiğidir. İlk Dönem müfessirlerinin büyük bir kısmı Hz. İdrîs'e
verilen üstün makamın ruhen ve bedenen göğe yükseltilmesi şeklinde
gerçekleştiğini savunmakla beraber yükseltildiği semanın kaçıncı kat olduğu ile
ilgili ortak görüşe de sahip değillerdir. Yükseltildiği yerin dördüncü veya
altıncı kat sema olduğunu iddia edenler kadar cennete yükseltildiğini
söyleyenler de vardır. Çok az bir kısmı ise Allah onu kavminin şerrinden
korumak için yükseltmiştir şeklinde görüş ortaya koymaktadır. İlk dönem
müfessirlerinin büyük bir kısmı Matûrîdî gibi birkaç müfessir hariç onun yüce
bir makama yükseltilmesini Hz. İsâ'nın re'f edilme hadisesine
benzetmektedir.  Bir kısım müfessir ise
Hz. İdrîs'in semaya yükseltilmesini Hz. Peygamber'in mi'racta onunla
karşılaşması hâdisesine dayandırmaktadır.  

Hz. İdris'in ruhen ve bedenen semaya yükseltildiği görüşünü
kabul etmeyen müfessirlerin bir kısmı üstün makama yüceltilmesini, ulvî ve
manevî bir makam olarak değerlendirirken bir kısmı ise otuz sahife,
peygamberlik ve farklı konularda ilim sahibi olma gibi ona verilen birçok
nimeti üstün bir makama yüceltilmesi olarak görmektedir. Anlayabildiğimiz kadarıyla
İslâm düşünce tarihinin en karmaşık konularından biri re'f edilme (semaya
yükseltilme) hâdisesidir. Bu meselede nihâî bir sonuca varacağımızı iddia
etmemiz söz konusu değildir. Hz. İdrîs'in üstün bir makama yüceltilmesinin ne
anlam ifade ettiği husûsu ve müfessirlerin bu konudaki görüşleri bizde merak
uyandırmış ve bu merak, bizi bu minvalde bir çalışma yapmaya sevk etmiştir.
Acizane bu çalışmamızdaki temel hedefimiz, "Biz onu yüce bir yere
yükselttik" sözünden neyin kastedildiğini anlamaya çalışmaktır.
Fortification Lines in Military Strategy of the XVII-XVIII Centuries
Authors: Kutishchev Alexander Vasilievich
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine the role and significance of fortification lines in wars of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in analysing military and engineering experience as a specific facet of universal culture; common-European and unique, borrowed and traditional components are identified within this experience. Using historical examples, the author demonstrates strengths and weaknesses of employing fortification lines in the wars, in which Russia, France, the Netherlands and other countries of the period engaged. As a result of the study, the researcher comes to the conclusion that the Russian field fortification of the considered period is a symbiosis of general cultural universality with its invariable harmony and contradictory nature and the Russian uniqueness, which draws its strength from customs and traditions.
Mari “Shamanism”: Problems of Definition
Authors: Saberov Rushan Anvyarovich
Published: June 2020

The study aims to determine whether the definitions “shaman”, “shamanism” can be applied to the priestly tradition of the Mari autochthonous religion. The article examines particularities of the activity undertaken by certain categories of “the wise” and the immediate leaders conducting pagan worship services (the “kart” or “onaeng” priests) from the perspective of the “shamanism” phenomenon. The research is novel in that it attempts to carry out a comparative retrospective analysis of the considered issue using the data collected by the author in the field. As a result of the study, it has been determined that it is not possible to use the term “shaman” to refer to the priests of the Mari traditional religion due to the lack of the elements relating to shaman practices in their ritual activity both in the past and at present.
Medical Secrecy in Russia at the Turn of the XIX-XX Centuries: From Ethical Recommendations to Legal Assessment
Authors: Nemerov Evgenii Nikolaevich , Pyzhova Olesya Vladimirovna , Simonova Zhanna Gennadievna
Published: June 2020

The paper considers ethical and legal aspects of the medical secrecy principle formation in Russia. The article analyses legal regulation of medical secrecy at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century. Scientific originality of the study involves identifying gaps in the tsarist and post-revolutionary legislation, which predetermined the necessity to improve ethical and legal regulation of medical secrecy in Russia. The findings indicate that at the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX century, the Russian medical and legal communities urgently needed legislative solutions to protect medical secrecy, however, in the mentioned period, the state couldn’t solve the problem.
Problems of Philosophical Interpretation of Complex Technical SMART-Systems
Authors: Ansari Mustafa , Kuzminov Alexander Nikolaevich , Paliy Irina Georgievna
Published: June 2020

The research aims to identify specific features and cognition orientation of modern complex technical systems as a phenomenon integrating multiple entities: from economic and production ones to management systems, which necessitates integration of multiform patterns and properties into a single methodological framework. Scientific novelty of the study lies in using B. I. Kudrin’s technocenosis approach, which represents a brand new philosophical branch - philosophy of technetique - as the basic theory. The main idea of this approach can be based upon inextricable link and interdependence between machines, technologies, materials, consumer products, etc., in which every component is identified by a document and at the same time functions as an object of study and management, i.e. a peculiar kind of integrated technocenosis. The authors substantiate such integration by using the participative method, which makes it possible to link together various theoretical sources touching upon issues of philosophy of technology and philosophy of engineering. As a result of the study, the basic foundations of cognition of complex technical systems defining the need to use the cenosis theory for their description and design are offered.
Perception of Time and Space by the Soviet Intellectuals of the 1970s
Authors: Rudakova Irina Viktorovna
Published: June 2020

The study aims to reconstruct a chronotope model peculiar to the Soviet intellectuals in the 70s of the XX century. The article sheds light on the main features of time and space perception: their typological characteristics, development in social consciousness. A strong link between the two dimensions is traced and demonstrated. Scientific novelty of the research lies in its very aim: mentality of the Soviet intellectuals of the 1970s is considered for the first time. As a result, a chronotope model has been proposed; it has been also proved that interdependence of time and space derives from the three-part structure they share.
The Term “Musical Pronunciation” in Choral Performance - Myth or Reality: Systematic Review
Authors: Kaz’mina Elena Olegovna , Terintsova Valeriya Vadimovna
Published: June 2020

This systematic review introduces the notion “musical pronunciation” into the theory of choral pronunciation. The researchers’ attention is focused on analysing the conceptual aspect of the basic scientific and methodological works of outstanding choral conductors P. G. Chesnokov, G. A. Dmitrevsky, A. A. Egorov et al. concerning interpretation of the notions “diction”, “articulation” correlating with the notion “pronunciation”. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the choral terminology. The research findings are as follows: the notion “musical pronunciation” is defined in relation to choral performance.
Classical and Modern Evolutionism in Religious Studies
Authors: Zubkovskaya Anastasia Alexandrovna
Published: June 2020

The research objective involves a comparative analysis of two periods of evolutionism in religious studies - classical and modern. Special attention is paid to analysing modern evolutionary religious studies as an autonomous scientific trend, which constitutes scientific originality of the research. The following conclusions are justified: modern evolutionary religious studies have more extensive conceptual and methodological apparatus in comparison with classical studies and are characterized by interdisciplinarity, therefore, evolutionary approach to religious studies necessarily involves integration of natural science, data analytics and social sciences.
The Russian Folk Orchestra in the Context of Glinka’s Symphonic Style Traditions
Authors: Bulankina Oksana Serikovna
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to identify stylistic specificity of a musical ensemble - the Russian folk orchestra. This specificity is accounted for by the task to form a national academic style in music defining a general trend in the culture of the XIX century, which vividly manifested itself in M. I. Glinka’s creative work. The research is novel in that it uncovers new additional features of Glinka’s epic symphonic style, which influenced dramaturgical conception of the Russian folk orchestra’s style as well as the sphere of instrumental-timbre solutions. Having analysed Glinka’s symphonic overtures, the author has proved that principles of his symphonic style that had developed into a set standard of style by the end of the XIX century were further used in the Russian folk orchestra’s music helping to form an instrumental style of this ensemble.
A. V. Khvastunova’s Illustrations for Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin”
Authors: Popov Alexei Valentinovich
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to evaluate artistic quality of “Eugene Onegin” personages’ images created by A. V. Khvastunova at the beginning of the XXI century and to identify their place in the history of the novel illustration. It is shown that the painter adopted creative principles of the ‘Mir Iskusstva’ (World of Art) artistic movement associated with the Modern Style. Scientific originality of the study involves identifying the place of A. V. Khvastunova’s illustrations in the history of the novel design. The research findings are as follows: the researcher proves that fresh, emotionally evoking artistic images correlate with the story; illustrations not just accompany A. S. Pushkin’s text but clarify and replenish it.
Body Image in Postmodernity Fashion
Authors: Molchanova Lyudmila Anatolyevna
Published: June 2020

The article aims to single out characteristic features of postmodernity and to trace how they are reflected in a contemporary’s appearance and fashion designers’ creative work. The author introduces the notion “body image” as a total of the body’s covers and plasticity. A relevant body image is socially conditioned and therefore studying social processes, characteristic states of our contemporaneity is important for fashion creators. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author for the first time sets a task to analyze a contemporary’s body image as a reaction to the changed epoch. Using the notion “body image” itself in this context is new as well. The researcher is the first to make an attempt to correlate postmodernity’s characteristic features with fashion designers’ creative work. As a result, a number of characteristic features of postmodernity as mental specificity of our times are revealed and their manifestation in a contemporary’s fashionable appearance and avant-garde designers’ creative work is vividly shown.
Yield components in new pear cultivars and breeding forms in the Middle Urals
Authors: Tarasova G. N.
Published: June 2020

Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station specializes in the development of fruit and berry cultivars for the Middle Urals. One of its tasks is pear breeding for high winter-hardiness, high yield, and good fruit quality. Ten new pear cultivars and improved forms of local breeding were selected as the material for this study versus the reference cultivars ‘Talitsa’, ripening in summer, and ‘Berezhenaya’, ripening in late autumn. Observations were conducted across the decade of 2009–2019. The cultivars ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, ‘Chusovaya’, ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.), ‘Sultan’, and breeding form DL-33-307 were found to possess resistance of flowers to late spring frosts. Cvs. ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.) and ‘Sultan’ were early-fruiting; cvs. ‘Talitsa’ (ref.) and ‘Chusovaya’, breeding forms ZS-IV-5-11, DL-33-307, DL-II-31n-207, ZS-II-15-18 and ZS-IV-5-19 were mid-fruiting; breeding form ZS-IV-15-38, late-fruiting. An early onset of full fructification at the age of 10–11 years or more, combined with high yield at the same age, was observed in cvs. ‘Berezhenaya’ (ref.), ‘Sultan’, ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’, and breeding form ZS-II-15-18. New cultivars ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’ and ‘Sultan’ were highlighted for a combination of valuable traits: earliness, high yield, and high growth rates in the plantlet stage. Cv. ‘Letnyaya zolotistaya’ had attractive good-tasting fruits, weighing 76 g, ripening in summer. Cv. ‘Sultan’ yielded nicelooking and good-tasting fruits, weighing 129 g, ripening in winter. Cv. ‘Chusovaya’ was identified for its nice-looking fruits with a very good taste.
Morphological characterization of biominerals from five multicellular marine algae species
Authors: Zakharenko A. M. , Nawaz M. A. , Chaika V. V. , Zemchenko I. V. , Orlova T. Yu. , Begun A. A. , Romashko R. V. , Galkina A. N. , Karabtsov A. A. , Chung G. , Golokhvast K. S.
Published: June 2020

Silica biominerals are deposited as amorphous solid structures in plant cells and tissues, providing rigidity to different plant parts and assisting in defence. The shape and size of phytoliths are well established and serve as a useful tool in taxonomic analyses. For the first time we extracted and studied silica biominerals of five marine macroalgae, which we observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). More than nine different morphotypes of phytoliths ranging from ≥ 10 to ≥ 350 μm in size were found. Some of them were phytoliths made of silica while others showed characteristics of different minerals of calcium. In our study, the “honeycomb” formations were only recorded in Laurencia tropica Yamada and pyramid tabular ones were found only in Tichocarpus crinitus (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht. The XRD analysis showed that they consisted of virgilite and gypsum substance, respectively. Silica phytoliths are intrinsic parts of the algae and their morphological characterization can provide the basis for palaeo-reconstruction and taxonomic investigation of brown and red algae in palaeontological studies of fossils where all organic matter has decayed.
Seed quality of Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. and A. manshuriensis Kom. in St. Petersburg
Authors: Tkachenko K. G. , Firsov G. A. , Volchanskaya A. V.
Published: June 2020

Background. The study and mobilization of natural flora species in botanical gardens allow the curators to save biological resources of useful plant species, and recommend them for urban landscaping. In the flora of Russia, one species of a woody vine from the genus Aristolochia L. is A. manshuriensis Kom.; it is included in the Red Data Book of Russia.

Methods The material for the study was A. macrophylla Lam. and A. manshuriensis from the collection of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden maintained by the Komarov Botanical Institute of the RAS. Winter hardiness was assessed; plant height, stem diameter, and crown diameter were measured. The sizes and age are given according to the state of the plants in the fall of 2017. Seed quality was assessed with due regard to the approved guidelines. X-ray analysis of fruits and seeds was carried out using the methods developed for the use of microfocus radiography for seeds and fruits.

Results. A. manshuriensis has been grown in the Peter the Great Botanical Garden since 1909. The first flowering was observed in 1918 and 1919, the first fruiting in 1924. Currently, plants of the third or fourth generation are present in the collection. A. macrophylla has been known in St. Petersburg since 1816. Over a 200-year period of introduction, only flowering was observed. For the first time, fruiting in this species was registered in 2007; since 2014, second-generation plants have been grown. Analysis of the seeds collected in 2016 and 2017 showed that they are viable and of high quality in both species of Aristolochia. These species are winter-hardy, demonstrate rapid growth, and may somewhat vary in the timeframe of the passage of main phenological phases in their seasonal rhythm of development.

Conclusion. For laying out plantations, it is better to use seeds. A. macrophylla and A. manshuriensis are promising for wider cultivation and use in vertical landscaping.
The 100th anniversary of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, the leader of Russian scientific vegetable growing
Authors: Soldatenko A. V. , Musaev F. B. , Sokolova D. V.
Published: June 2020

This year, the staff of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC) celebrates their 100th anniversary. Prof. S. I. Zhegalov was the recognized founder of the institution, which was reorganized from Gribovo Vegetable Experimental Station. Its team started with 14 employees, and the experimental crop area was slightly less than 4 hectares. In a short period of time (1920 to 1927), 74 cultivars of the most popular vegetable crops and a number of flower crop varieties were developed and improved. The second period of the Station’s development (1937 to 1966) was associated with the name of Acad. E. I. Ushakova. During this period, a pleiad of talented scientific plant breeders emerged and thrived: A. V. Alpatyev, S. P. Agapova, E. M. Popova, A. D. Plinka, Yu. A. Kobyakova, and others. In 1971, Gribovo Experimental Station was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops (VNIISSOK). The Institute was headed by Acad. P. F. Sokol. Under his leadership, capacity building and logistic support of the Institute were promoted: new facilities were built, and the experimental production network was expanded. Despite the difficulties associated with the reorganization and the financial and political situation in the country in 1992–2017, the staff achieved significant results during the years of the directorship by Acad. V. F. Pivovarov. New cultivars were developed to meet the demand; they occupied more than 50% of the crop area under vegetables across the country. Each year, the Institute produced 200–300 tons of elite and cultivar seeds. In 2017, the Institute was merged into the Federal Scientific Vege table Center as the keystone element. The Center also incorporated the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Production and seven experiment stations throughout the Russian Federation. The Institute has been successfully cooperating with the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for many years, exchanging germplasm materials and experience, and jointly developing vegetable cultivars.
CRM adoption factors in the gaming industry
Authors: Faganel Armand , Constantini Mitja
Published: June 2020

The aim of
this paper is to evaluate critical success factors and investigate the benefits
that might be gained by adopting Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the
gaming industry from the perspective of individuals involved in the process of
adopting the CRM. A total number of 109 casinos’ managers from all over the
world have been surveyed about the factors’ importance for the CRM adoption.
Based on the multiple regression and ANOVA analysis, an estimated function of
the influence of the most important umbrella factors – human, project and
technological, for the success of CRM project in a company has been formulated.
The highest rated elements in successful cases of CRM adoption are almost
entirely bound to human factor. CRM systems are estimated to evolve further
into a direction of individual customer experience management and become more
and more intelligent, integrated and
data-driven.
Project management education in Croatia
Authors: Bestvina Bukvić Ivana , Buljubašić Iva , Ivić Marija
Published: June 2020

Since today's dynamic and competitive
business environment increasingly requires additional level of competence, the
project manager is, certainly, a profession whose value and demand is growing. As
to reach the project objective, the project manager should have an adequate
education, which is the reason why the corporations, especially in the Information
Technology (IT) industry, are among leaders in investment to project
management education and certification. The aim of this paper is to
contribute to the identification and understanding of the project management
education model in Croatia and explore possibilities for its improvements,
especially in the field of the project management in the IT industry. For that reason, through 2018 and 2019, authors
conducted the research on availability of project management education programs
in Croatia, opportunities for international certification as well as attitudes
of the project management professionals in IT sector on the existing education
model. The study suggests that there is a growing trend of project managers’
certification, especially in the IT industry, as well as a variety of informal programs
for project management education. Simultaneously, there is a lack of project
management university study programs. Empirical results show that project
management study programs lack the practical segment and are, in most cases,
offering only fundamental theoretical knowledge. Therefore, authors, on the
basis of the literature review and analysis of IT sector needs assessment, provide
recommendations of the domains, to be included into future university study
programs.
Bank specific determinants of EU banks profitability after 2007 financial crisis
Authors: Ercegovac Roberto , Klinac Ivica , Zdrilić Ivica
Published: June 2020

The basic purpose of the paper is to research determinants on profitability indicators of the banks in the European Union. Analysed bank profitability indicators considered as a standard are: the return on total bank assets (ROA) and return on total bank equity (ROE). The research model of bank profitability determinants is developed by analysing the systemically important, quoted banks in the European Union, in the 2007–2019 period, by using an adequate panel data analysis technique. The empirical evidence is in line with the initial assumptions: the efficiency of the banking firm, measured by the cost to income ratio and the non-performing loans ratio, has a significant influence on bank profitability, both on ROA and ROE. In the post-crisis period, banking firms ask for efficient cost management in achieving performance objectives. Additional important empirical results of research are the absence of impact of assets size and regulatory capital ratio on profitability indicators. The most important contribution of the paper is related to the sample definition, variable selection and explanatory power of the presented model in explaining global banking tendencies.