bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and Fiscal Response: Analysis of Regional Expenditure in Java Island
Authors: Amin Muhammad Ikhsanul
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of climate change on regional fiscal policy in Java, Indonesia, focusing on how temperature and rainfall changes influence fiscal spending. Using secondary data from the ERA5 Satellite (2008–2020) and fiscal data from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan/DJPK), this research examines 113 districts/cities on Java Island. Climate change indicators—average temperature and rainfall—serve as independent variables, while regional fiscal spending on climate-related initiatives is the dependent variable. Panel data analysis is conducted using three regression models: common effect (OLS), fixed effect, and random effect models, with the Chow and Hausmann tests to identify the most appropriate model. Results indicate a positive relationship between climate change (temperature and rainfall) and increased fiscal spending for climate adaptation and mitigation. The findings support the hypothesis that regions with higher temperatures and increased rainfall experience greater climate-related fiscal spending, highlighting the urgency for such measures in areas farther from the equator.
Appearances of Love & Fear in Moyes’s The Last Letter from your Lover and Lessing’s Love Again
Authors: Hameed Alkhafaji Hameed Abdulameer
Published: November 2024

Love and fear, as human feelings or values, have been highlighted by many writers as a source of inspiration for the Love and trepidation for fear since civilizations started as subject matter themes related to human life. The current paper aims to find comparative thematic aspects of Love and fear in Doris Lessing's Love, Again and Jojo Moyes’s The Last Letter from Your Lover. The comparison of the study will adopt the Psychoanalytic feminist theory as a literary method to discuss both novels. Both feelings are affected psychologically by the behavior and thinking of a woman.
L’intelligence émotionnelle et la résilience psychologique dans l’éducation
Authors: Merzaq Ghizlane , Nehass Brahim , Kiouach Abdelmounim , El Houari Farah , Gartani Wafae , Bounaissat Abderrahim , Zarhbouch Benaissa
Published: November 2024

Cette étude a examiné l'effet de l’intelligence émotionnelle sur la résilience psychologique dans le contexte éducatif marocain. Les participants sont 250 élèves du baccalauréat. Les outils de mesure sont l’inventaire du quotient émotionnel (EQ-i : S) et l'échelle de résilience (AAQ-II). Les résultats ont montré que les scores d’intelligence émotionnelle prédisaient positivement le niveau de résilience psychologique chez l'échantillon. Ils ont également nié la différence dans les scores d’intelligence émotionnelle et de résilience psychologique dues à la spécialisation académique et au niveau de classe scolaire. Ainsi, nous prévoyons que des programmes de développement d’intelligence émotionnelle peuvent être adoptés pour renforcer la résilience psychologique chez les adolescents scolarisés.
Social Media as a Learning Tool in Moroccan Higher Education from Students’ Perspectives
Authors: El Mamsaoui Dounia , Harrizi Meriem
Published: November 2024

This study is important because it addresses the global shift toward digital education and emphasizes the need to examine the role of social networks in education. By shedding light on this issue, this study aims to address the challenges facing the Moroccan educational system and provide recommendations for improving educational standards and pedagogical approaches considering the country’s technological advancements. The research also seeks to answer two key questions: How do Moroccan undergraduate and graduate students view the integration of social media into education? What insights do Moroccan students offer to guide the development of innovative teaching and learning methods using social media platforms?
Perbandingan LSTM dan Bidirectional LSTM pada Sistem Prediksi Harga Saham Berbasis Website
Authors: Kwanda Kevin , Herwindiati Dyah Erny , Lauro Manatap Dolok
Published: November 2024

Saham memainkan peranan penting dalam perekonomian suatu negara karena pasar saham merupakan tempat pertukaran modal yang memengaruhi berbagai aspek perekonomian. Kinerja pasar saham berdampak langsung terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi negara tersebut. Investasi saham dapat dilakukan di berbagai tempat. Namun, penting bagi investor untuk mengetahui bahwa saham adalah produk keuangan yang memiliki risiko tinggi, meskipun menawarkan imbal hasil yang tinggi. Nilai saham yang berfluktuasi setiap saat tidak mudah diprediksi hanya dengan logika. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi investor yang ingin berinvestasi di pasar saham. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi harga saham. Prediksi harga saham dilakukan terhadap enam perusahaan yang berbeda, yaitu PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Central Asia Tbk, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Aneka Tambang Tbk, PT Adaro Energy Indonesia Tbk, dan PT Timah Tbk. Dalam melakukan prediksi harga saham, digunakan perbandingan antara algoritma Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) dan Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model LSTM sedikit lebih unggul dibandingkan model BiLSTM dalam memprediksi kinerja PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BBRI), dengan selisih sekitar 0,14% berdasarkan MAPE dan 0,0009 berdasarkan MAE. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kinerja antara LSTM dan BiLSTM tidak terlalu signifikan.
Decarbonization Strategies in the U.S. Maritime Industry with a Focus on Overcoming Regulatory and Operational Challenges in Implementing Zero-Emission Vessel Technologies.
Authors: Ime Ibokette Akan , Olamide Ogundare Tunde , Seun Akindele Jamiu , Peter Anyebe Abraham , Obinna Okeke Remigius
Published: November 2024

The U.S. maritime industry plays a significant role in global trade and is a substantial contributor to carbon emissions, with the sector facing increasing pressure to decarbonize in line with global climate goals. This paper discusses the challenges and strategies for decarbonizing the U.S. maritime industry, laying emphasis on the adoption of zero-emission vessel (ZEV) technologies, such as battery-electric ships, hydrogen fuel cells, wind-assisted propulsion, and alternative fuels like bio-LNG and ammonia. Despite the availability of these technologies, the transition to ZEVs faces several barriers, including high capital costs, regulatory inconsistencies, and insufficient infrastructure. Existing regulatory frameworks, including the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) emissions targets, the U.S. Clean Air Act, and the U.S. Coast Guard requirements, offer some guidance but are often fragmented and insufficiently aligned to foster widespread adoption of decarbonization technologies. Upcoming mandates, such as the IMO's 2050 target, further brings to view the urgency of this transition. However, gaps in regulations and the lack of incentives hinder technological innovation and fleet modernization. The paper also discusses the need for enhanced governmental involvement, with organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and the U.S. Coast Guard playing a critical role in streamlining policies and supporting the adoption of zero-emission technologies. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing infrastructure gaps related to fueling, charging, and port readiness for ZEVs. Furthermore, it highlights operational challenges such as range, performance, and energy density concerns that must be overcome for ZEVs to become commercially viable. The paper advocates for stronger policy frameworks, including subsidies, tax incentives, carbon pricing, and investment in research and development, to drive the transition. Public-private partnerships and industry collaboration are essential to overcoming financial barriers and creating a sustainable, decarbonized maritime sector. By implementing these strategies, the U.S. maritime industry can significantly reduce its emissions, contribute to global climate goals, and set a precedent for sustainable maritime practices worldwide.
Phytochemical Interventions for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome : (PCOS) Systematic Review
Authors: Katore Vruttika , Bhingare Amruta
Published: November 2024

Worldwide, 2.2-26% Many women who are fertile experience PCOS, a complicated the Endocrine, metabolic, and genetic condition. Pale menstruation, infertility, hirsutism, acne, and insulin resistance are some of the symptoms of PCOS, which is typified by polycystic ovaries, persistent anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. While they come with risks and adverse effects, conventional treatments frequently target specific ailments. Herbal remedies, on the other hand, present a viable, low-risk substitute. The effectiveness of several botanicals, such as Ashoka, Shatavari, Lodhra, Guduchi and Haritki in reducing PCOS symptoms is highlighted in this review. These herbs improve ovarian morphology and lower hyperandrogenism; they also have hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, and hormone-regulating qualities. Other herbs that are useful for hormone imbalance, reproductive dysfunction, depression, menstruation include The plants Phyllanthus emblica and Bauhinia variegata. Bellirica terminalia. Hypericum perforatum with Tribulus terrestris. anomalies. Notably, there have been no documented adverse effects and these phytotherapeutic approaches are well tolerated. The goal of this review is to compile the body of research regarding the use of natural plants to treat PCOS, with a focus on the possibility of herbal formulations as a safe, effective, supplemental management strategy for condition.
Estimation of Tensile and Flexure Strength of Hybrid Composites along with Epoxy as Matrix and Jute & E-Glass as Reinforcements
Authors: Patil A. B. Vinayaka
Published: November 2024

The natural fibers have the good properties such as mechanical and physical than artificial fibers in a many cases during the fabrication of composite materials that are used in many engineering applications. Also hybridization of fibers leads to impotent of mechanical properties these composites used in interior of aerospace vehicles, automobiles bumpers, decorative items, window panels, interior paneling, etc. where application pf load is very less. This research work is concentrated on the evolution of hybrid composite of Jute/E-glass reinforced with matrix epoxy using Hand layup method. Laminated composites specimens are prepared by calculating the required number of fiber layers and quantity of matrix based on the different volume fraction. The testing specimens are prepared for Tensile and Bending test as per standard of ASTM. The Universal Testing Machine is used to conducted Tensile and Bending test and results are plotted the graphs.
Ethics of Using LLMs in Content Moderation on Twitter
Authors: Ganiuly Daniyal , Smaiyl Assel
Published: November 2024

As the number of users increases on social media each year, the number of posts that are made rises gradually. This is relevant for posts with negative characters including hate speech, misinformation, explicit material, or cyberbullying that influences terribly on users’ experience. This paper puts emphasis on content moderation with LLMs to avoid issues with bias, transparency, free speech, and accountability. Several experiments were conducted with pre-trained models to identify efficiency and arising ethical concerns while moderating posted data. Our findings reveal that LLMs demonstrate bias during the moderation of content from different demographics and minority communities. One of the most significant challenges found was the lack of transparency in the LLM's decision-making process. Despite the ethical concerns, the LLM demonstrated efficiency in processing large volumes of content, and this significantly reduced the time required to flag potentially harmful posts. This research highlights the need for a balanced approach to protecting freedom of speech while ensuring the ethical and responsible use of NLP on online platforms.
Financial Performance Analysis Using Du Pont at PT. Wijaya Karya TBK Period 2019-2023
Authors: PARDEDE Mazmur
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze the performance of PT Wijaya Karya Tbk in 2019–2023 using the Du Pont analysis tool by looking at NPM, ROA, ROE, EM, and TATO. From the results of this research, it can be seen that the maximum NPM was in 2019, which was 9.6%, which means that PT Wijaya Karya Tbk's ability to generate profit compared to sales was 9.6%. While the lowest was in 2023 where the company was unable to generate net profit or experienced losses. The highest TATO in 2019 was 43.8%, which means that PT Wijaya Karya Tbk ability to generate profit using assets was 43.8%. And the minimum TATO was in 2020, which was 24.3%. The highest EM in 2023 was 689.3%, which means that the ratio of total assets to equity was 689.3%. The minimum EM occurred in 2019, which was 323.2%. The highest Du Pont ROE was in 2019, which was 13.64% and the lowest was -81.7% in 2023.
HOW EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT ARE THE NEW “PROGRESSIVE” PUBLIC POLICIES?
Authors: N. Kallianiotis Dr. Ioannis
Published: November 2024

In this work we deal with the recent (1995-2024) Federal Reserve operated monetary policies, which were two unprecedented and distinct monetary policy regimes. They were, the inflation stabilization era (1995-2008) and the zero-interest rate era (December 15, 2008-December 15, 2015) and again (March 15, 2020-March 15, 2022), plus the current corrective period (March 16, 2022-present). These different monetary policy regimes provided various outcomes for interest rates, financial markets, inflation, cost of living, employment, international trade, and real economic growth. Then, a new “progressive” fiscal policy was imposed in 2021. Some of the important, but not so beneficial results are that monetary policy appears to be able to affect long-term real interest rates, risk, the prices of the financial assets (bubbles), inflation, and very little the real economic growth. The Fed’s interest rate target was set during these nine years at 0% to 0.25%. It has created a low level of long-term interest rates and the negative real rate of interest (cost of capital), due to double digit inflation and a negatively sloped yield curve. The evidence suggests that these public policies are not very effective; they have created a new and continued bubble in the financial market, perpetuated inflation, enormous deficits and debts, a redistribution of wealth from risk-averse savers to banks and risk-taker speculators, and a huge social cost (bail-in and bail-out cost), an endless vicious cycle. This unfair and anti-social monetary policy has increased the risk (RP) to the risk-averse depositors by making the real rate of interest negative and the cost to taxpayers with the IOR and the IONRRP. The effects on growth and employment of both public policies (monetary and fiscal) were gradual, small, and questionable, due to exaggerated liquidity, outsourcing, unfair trade policies, the suspicious COVID-19 pandemic, liberalism, the obsession with the “environment”, the “war” against fossil energy, the enormous inflow of illegal immigrants, the new wrong ideologies, the control of human beings, the wars in Ukraine, Palestine and Lebanon, the division among the political parties and the unethical campaigns for the presidential elections, and other restrictions and “innovations”, which increased uncertainty, the cost of production and generated enormous deficits and debts.
Wave dynamics for the new generalized (3+1)-D Painlevé-type nonlinear evolution equation using efficient techniques
Authors: Sabi'u Jamilu , Sirisubtawee Sekson , Sungnul Surattana , Inc Mustafa
Published: November 2024

In this paper, diverse wave solutions for the newly introduced (3+1)-dimensional Painlevé-type evolution equation were derived using the improved generalized Riccati equation and generalized Kudryashov methods. This equation is now widely used in soliton theory, nonlinear wave theory, and plasma physics to study instabilities and the evolution of plasma waves. Using these methods, combined with wave transformation and homogeneous balancing techniques, we obtained concise and general wave solutions for the Painlevé-type equation. These solutions included rational exponential, trigonometric, and hyperbolic function solutions. Some of the obtained solutions for the Painlevé-type equation were plotted in terms of 3D, 2D, and contour graphs to depict the various exciting wave patterns that can occur. As the value of the amplitude increased in the investigated solutions, we observed the evolution of dark and bright solutions into rogue waves in the forms of Kuztnetsov-Ma breather and Peregrine-like solitons. Other exciting wave patterns observed in this work included the evolution of kink and multiple wave solitons at different time levels. We believe that the solutions obtained in this paper were concise and more general than existing ones and will be of great use in the study of solitons, nonlinear waves, and plasma physics.
De la personne au personnage
Authors: Chollier Christine , Halpern Anne-Élisabeth , Louyer Audrey , Trouvé Alain
Published: November 2024

Reprenant l’hypothèse d’une acception différenciée de la notion de fiction, en lien avec les pratiques romanesque et poétique d’écriture-lecture, le présent volume poursuit son exploration des mécanismes transposant la personne en personnage avec une plus ou moins grande implication de l’imaginaire. Dans l’autobiographie, l’essai ou la poésie, voire le récit à prétention véridique ou historique, spécialement étudiés ici, l’ancrage référentiel plus net amoindrit la dimension imaginaire : le personnage se réduit à la figure poétique. Pour autant, la forme forte de la fiction, qu’elle soit romanesque, théâtrale ou cinématographique, n’est pas oubliée et l’on s’intéresse aussi à la combinaison des deux degrés de fictionnalité.
Pharoah Sanders, Tauhid
Authors: Delaune Benoît
Published: November 2024

Lorsque Tauhid est publié en 1967, Pharoah Sanders est surtout connu pour sa présence dans les dernières formations de John Coltrane. Disque surprenant, qui parfois prend le contrepied de ce que jouait Pharoah Sanders jusqu'à alors, Tauhid opère aux confluences du free jazz mais aussi de musiques qui préfigurent ce qu'on qualifiera ensuite d' « ethno-jazz ». Son instrumentarium varié (qui inclut balafon et guitare électrique free), son utilisation de la forme-suite qui préfigure parfois les musiques dites progressives, tous ces éléments concourent à faire de Tauhid un disque surprenant et unique dans la carrière de Pharoah Sanders, en même temps que la pierre angulaire de son œuvre à venir.
A atuação de organizações de fundo religioso em Cortes Superiores: Os casos Anajure e ADF
Authors: Canheo Roberta Olivato
Published: November 2024

Este artigo examina as estratégias de atuação de duas organizações religiosas — Anajure (Associação Nacional de Juristas Evangélicos) no Brasil e ADF (Alliance Defending Freedom) nos Estados Unidos — no cenário jurídico-político, com foco especial em suas intervenções em cortes superiores. A partir de análise documental e entrevistas, o estudo explora os impactos que essas organizações têm gerado, direta e indiretamente, nas decisões jurídicas, mesmo quando sua influência se manifesta de maneira discreta ou por meio de rumores. Conclui-se que ambas as entidades estão intensificando sua presença em debates jurídicos e políticos, utilizando o direito como ferramenta para avançar agendas conservadoras ligadas à liberdade religiosa e questões de gênero.
The Effects of Brand Awareness and Price Promotion on Purchase Intention
Authors: Chen Hong-Wun , Chen Ko-Chia , Liu Li-Wei , Guo Zi-Hong , Tsai Chih-Wen
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of brand awareness, price promotion, and impulsive buying traits on Taiwanese high mountain tea purchase intentions. A quota sampling design was employed to collect information. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed to 10 tourist areas in Alishan Township, Chiayi, Taiwan (70 questionnaires in each tourist area) with an effective response rate of 98.3%. Structural equation modeling was employed to verify the relationships among the proposed models. The results showed that brand awareness and price promotion had positive influences on purchase intention. Impulsive buying traits did not moderate the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention but moderated the relationship between price promotion and purchase intention. Based on the results and discussion, suggestions are given for tourists, business operators, and future researchers.
Analyzing the Complexity of US Federal Debt
Authors: Wang John , Jain Arti , Yadav Arun Kumar , Yadav Divakar
Published: November 2024

The United States federal debt has witnessed a significant surge over recent decades. This study delves into inquiries regarding the persistent patterns in federal debt, key factors driving this alarming trend, and the optimal timing for implementing corrective measures to mitigate its speeding flight. Utilizing modern machine learning techniques, notably Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), alongside conventional statistical forecasting techniques, the research aims to predict future trends. It emphasizes the critical role of business analytic thinking in deciphering fiscal system-based complexities. To address the mounting challenges, these research findings underscore the urgent necessity for efficacious policies to oversee them.
Securing Machine Learning Against Data Poisoning Attacks
Authors: Allheeib Nasser
Published: November 2024

The emergence of intelligent networks has revolutionized the use of machine learning (ML), allowing it to be applied in various domains of human life. This literature review paper provides in-depth analysis of the existing research on data poisoning attacks and examines how intelligent networks can mitigate these threats. Specifically, the author explores how malicious users inject fake training data into adversarial networks, a technique known as a data poisoning attack, which can severely compromise the model's integrity. Through a comparative evaluation of the attack strategies and defense mechanisms, such as robust optimization and model-based detection, the author assesses the strengths and limitations of current defenses. Real-world applications are discussed, including the use of these networks in cybersecurity, healthcare, and smart city systems. The author concludes by outlining the challenges and future directions in developing more effective defense strategies to detect and mitigate data poisoning attacks in real time, ensuring the security and privacy of intelligent networks.
Fast DOA Estimation of IGS Noncircular Signals Under Coprime Arrays
Authors: Lu Jun , Jiang Ming , Li Zhenwei , Cui Liangjie , Hu Dan , Jin Xin
Published: November 2024

Traditional direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods often encounter challenges such as low accuracy and high computational complexity, particularly in complex signal environments with multiple sources. To address these issues, this paper proposes a fast DOA estimation method for improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) non-circular signals, based on a coprime array; this approach involves extending the array model by leveraging the unique properties of non-circular signals. Subsequently, this study introduces the ANCM algorithm, a method designed for fast DOA estimation of IGS non-circular signals within a non-uniform noise background. The proposed ANCM algorithm is then compared to classical algorithms, through simulations in a non-uniform noise environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the ANCM algorithm significantly outperforms traditional methods in such conditions. Therefore, the development of new, efficient DOA estimation methods holds substantial theoretical and practical value.
Optimized AI-Driven Semantic Web Approach for Enhancing Phishing Detection in E-Commerce Platforms
Authors: Gaurav Akshat , Chui Kwok Tai , Arya Varsha , Attar Razaz Waheeb , Bansal Shavi , Alhomoud Ahmed , Psannis Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

For e-commerce systems, phishing attempts remain a major threat, so sophisticated detection techniques using Semantic Web and artificial intelligence are very necessary. An efficient AI-driven Semantic Web method for phishing detection enhancement is presented in this work. The approach uses the Chi-square feature selection approach along with the Adaptive Differential Evolution with Optional External Archive (JADE) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Having grown up on a large collection of more than 11,000 webpages, the model attained 93% accuracy. Although alternative models sometimes exceeded it in accuracy, the suggested method always showed the lowest loss values throughout all epochs, therefore stressing its stability and efficiency. Comparative study using conventional models confirms its resilience against phishing attacks for protecting e-commerce systems.
Multi Frame Obscene Video Detection With ViT
Authors: Zhu Dingju , Shan Xilin , Wu Chao , Yung KaiLeung , Ip Andrew W. H.
Published: November 2024

With the development of the Internet, people are surrounded by various types of information daily, including obscene videos. The quantity of such videos is increasing daily, making the detection and filtering of this information a crucial step in preventing its spread. However, a significant challenge remains in detecting obscene information in obscure scenarios, like indecent behavior occurring while wearing normal clothing, causing significant negative impacts, such as harmful influence on children. To address this issue, an innovative multi frame obscene video detection base on ViT is proposed by this manuscript per the authors, aiming to automatically detect and filter obscene content in videos. Extensive experiments conducted on the public NPDI dataset demonstrate that this method achieves better results than existing state-of-the-art methods, achieving 96.2%. Additionally, it achieves satisfactory classification accuracy on a dataset of obscure obscene videos.This provides a powerful tool for future video censorship and protects minors and the general public.
Semantic Web-Driven Targeted Adversarial Attack on Black Box Automatic Speech Recognition Systems
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Yanru , Wang Mengli
Published: November 2024

The susceptibility of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial attacks in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems has drawn significant attention. Most work focuses on white-box methods, but the assumption of full transparency of model architecture and parameters is unrealistic in real-world scenarios. Although several targeted black-box attack methods have been proposed in recent years, due to the complexity of ASR systems, they primarily rely on query-based approaches with limited search capabilities, leading to low success rates and noticeable noise. To address this, we propose DE-gradient, a new black-box approach using differential evolution (DE), a population-based search algorithm. Inspired by Semantic Web ideas, we introduce modulation noise to preserve semantic coherence while enhancing imperceptibility. In experiments on two public datasets, DE-gradient improved attack success rates by 19% and increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of silent parts from 27 dB to 54 dB, establishing a strong baseline for evaluating black-box adversarial attacks in ASR systems.
A Framework for Facilitating Experiential Learning in Cultural Tourism
Authors: Wang Jing , Dolah Jasni
Published: November 2024

Cultural tourism provides rich opportunities for experiential learning, but a framework to foster such learning is lacking. This study introduces the “learning behaviors-interactive scenarios” framework to explore key facilitators of experiential learning in cultural tourism. Through a literature review, it outlines key learning behaviors in cultural tourism—seeking challenges, critical reflection, and immersive engagement—that drive Kolb's experiential learning model. It examines how activity, information, and interaction scenarios influence these behaviors and enhance learning outcomes. A case study of the Sancai Town Tourism App illustrates the framework's application, with survey results confirming its effectiveness in enhancing cultural understanding. This study addresses three research questions, contributing to a theoretical framework that integrates situational factors with individual learning behaviors, enhancing understanding of experiential learning in cultural tourism and offering insights into its digital transformation.
Hebrews 5:5–10: A synthesis for the hermeneutical challenge in Pentecostalism on suffering?
Authors: De Beer Frederick J.
Published: November 2024

Pentecostals adopt a distinct hermeneutical approach when reading and interpreting the Bible, emphasising the New Testament more than the Old Testament and, when they do engage the Old Testament, are more inclined to focus on narratives of victory, success and triumph, which align with their emphasis on triumphalistic faith. Conversely, texts addressing lament, suffering, persecution and defeat receive less attention in Pentecostal hermeneutics. It is important to recognise the perplexity that not all prayers are answered, not all Christians succeed and sometimes believers endure severe hardships without expecting any change in their circumstances. Hebrews 5:5–10 is a passage that discourses the suffering of the Messiah and how he achieved perfection through suffering. This text may serve as an exemplum to challenge Pentecostals to consider a new hermeneutical approach when dealing with texts on suffering. Pentecostals often read the Bible with the expectation to share in the same spiritual experiences as the biblical characters, particularly focusing on breakthroughs and victories. However, the message in Hebrews 5:5–10, on the suffering Messiah, may invite Pentecostals to reconsider their emphasis on triumphalism and to engage with biblical themes of suffering and perseverance.Contribution: This article aims to provide Christian believers, particularly Pentecostal believers, with an alternative perspective on suffering. It emphasises that suffering does not necessarily indicate a deficiency in faith or prayer. By reconsidering their hermeneutical approach to biblical texts on suffering, Pentecostals can find meaningful insights and perspectives to help them navigate their experiences of suffering.
The moral agency of civil society in post-election South Africa
Authors: Vorster Jacobus M.
Published: November 2024

With the dawn of the new post-election Government of National Unity (GNU) in South Africa, this article ventures some ideas on the possible contribution of civil society to this new dispensation with the aim of turning the tide of moral decay and to set the course to hope and the development of a community of character. The research approaches the topic from a Reformed theological-ethical paradigm and considers social ethics within the context of the kingdom of God as the determinant of Christian social ethics. The study explores the possibility that the upcoming civil society could contribute to the much-needed moral ethos of South Africa by means of cooperation, confrontation, complimentary action, and co-option with respect to the state machinery in the GNU. The central theoretical argument of this research is that the incumbent civil society in South Africa – as one of the pillars of the constitutional democracy – can play an important role in the reinvention of a sound moral ethos as a moral agent over and against the GNU. To prove this hypothesis, the article discusses and submits the following areas of social involvement by civil society as proposals for further reflection: reviving morality, fostering moral leadership, being the voice of the poor, exposing corruption, shadowing public education, fighting crime, furthering constitutionalism, and promoting national dialogue.Contribution: The research indicates that civil society in South Africa has renewed potential to act as a powerful and effective moral agent in the country by using the spaces provided by the new post-election GNU. It can play a prominent role in rebuilding the moral ethos, social cohesion, and welfare of the community.
Launching the Maternal and Neonatal section in the Primary Health Care and Family Medicine journal
Authors: Kaura Doreen K.
Published: November 2024

Not available.
The Efficacy of Ozonated Water in One-stage Full-mouth Disinfection amongst Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Jayasri S , Bakkeer Shifa Hassan , Elangovan Gayathri Priyadharshini , Vivekanandan Gopinath , Surya Duraisamy , Saranya Settu
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Periodontal disease, causing tooth-supporting structure damage due to bacterial build-up, is linked to various risk factors. Traditional treatment involved scheduled scaling and root planing. Full-mouth disinfection (FMD), introduced in 1995, involves comprehensive cleaning and chlorhexidine (CHX) application within 24 h to prevent bacterial spread. CHX, a potent antimicrobial, is widely used in FMD, but concerns about emerging resistance have led to the exploration of alternatives like ozonated water, which has shown promising antimicrobial properties and the potential to improve periodontal health.

Materials and Methods:

This is a randomised controlled trial involving 40 participants with Stage II or III periodontitis who were randomly grouped into two groups. Group A was advised to use 0.2% CHX solution, and Group B used a 10 μg concentration of ozonated water. Both the groups cleaned their dorsum of the tongue, rinsed their mouth, had a pharyngeal spray and had periodontal pockets irrigated using the respective solutions. Plaque index, papillary bleeding index, gingival index, relative attachment level and probing depth were measured at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.

Results:

Significant differences were found at baseline, 3-month and 6-month values of periodontal index, papillary bleeding index, probing depth, gingival index and relative attachment level amongst Group A and B participants. Differences were noted in between Groups A and B in the periodontal index at 6 months between CHX and ozonated water and between 3 and 6 months for probing depth. Around 68%, 70%, 66%, 68% and 63% improvements were noted in the periodontal index, probing depth, gingival index, papillary bleeding index and relative attachment loss amongst Group B.

Conclusion:

Ozonated water represents a promising adjunctive therapy for chronic periodontitis, demonstrating significant clinical efficacy in one-stage FMD protocols.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of 50% Grape Seed Extract, N-acetyl Cysteine and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433) – An In vitro Study
Authors: Kurtkoti Nikita Vishweshwar , Pawar Madhura Vivek , Mathawala Vaishnavi Ketan , Shirsat Shraddha Mahadeo
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Endodontic infections are complex and polymicrobial, presenting significant challenges in dental treatment. Eliminating bacteria is the main objective of endodontic preparation, ensuring a tight seal to prevent reinfection. A commonly isolated bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis, is Gram positive and facultative anaerobic. It thrives in low-nutrient environments, forming resilient biofilms. Due to its tissue dissolving properties and broad-spectrum antimicrobial, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most sought after irrigant, but its cytotoxicity is a concern. Alternatives such as grape seed extract (GSE) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) are being explored for their potential antimicrobial effects and biocompatibility.

Materials and Methods:

Forty single-rooted, non-carious premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected. Teeth were cleaned, sectioned and prepared, ensuring apical patency. Specimens were autoclaved and contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 30 days. Four groups (n = 10) were formed: Group I – GSE 50%, Group II – NAC 200 mg/ml, Group III – NaOCl 5.25% and Group IV – sodium chloride (0.9%). Manufacturer’s instructions were followed precisely to prep the solutions, and root canals were treated using the Reciproc R25 instrument. Samples were collected before (F1) and after (F2) instrumentation and irrigation. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified and analysis was done using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:

NaOCl significantly reduced CFU counts, demonstrating superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to NAC and GSE (P < 0.01). In comparison to negative control and GSE (P < 0.01), NAC showed significant antimicrobial activity, but not significantly different from GSE (P > 0.05). GSE displayed potential antimicrobial properties but was less effective than NaOCl and NAC.

Conclusion:

NaOCl remains the most effective irrigant; however, NAC and GSE also demonstrated significant antimicrobial properties and could serve as adjuncts in endodontic therapy. Further research is needed to optimise their formulations and validate clinical applications.
Comparative Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics of Root Surfaces after Scaling and Root Planing under Naked Eye and Magnification: An In vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Shara Udita , Rao Prajakta , Mohta Ruhi , Joshi Shivangi , Shreya Somya , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The primary aetiologies of periodontitis include bacterial plaque and calculus. Effective periodontal treatment necessitates the thorough removal of these deposits through scaling and root planing (SRP) using manual and ultrasonic instruments. However, the roughness introduced by these instruments can impact bacterial colonisation, plaque formation and calculus deposition. This study aims to evaluate and compare the morphological characteristics of root surfaces after SRP performed under the naked eye and magnification using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:

This in vitro study included single-rooted extracted teeth from patients with chronic generalised or localised periodontitis. The teeth were divided into two main groups: manual instrumentation with Gracey curettes and ultrasonic instrumentation. Each group was further subdivided based on the method of visualisation during SRP: naked eye, dental loupes (×2.5 magnification) and dental operating microscope (×12 magnification). The samples were evaluated for root surface roughness, remaining calculus and smear layer presence using indices such as the remaining calculus index (RCI) and roughness and loss of tooth substance index.

Results:

A total of 60 samples were analysed, with 30 samples in each main group, further divided into three subgroups of 10 each. The results indicated statistically non-significant differences in smear layer presence between groups. However, significant differences were observed in root surface roughness and remaining calculus between manual and ultrasonic instrumentation, particularly under higher magnifications. Ultrasonic instrumentation under magnification provided smoother root surfaces compared to manual instrumentation, although manual instrumentation showed lesser RCI in comparison to ultrasonic instrumentation.

Conclusion:

SRP performed under magnification, particularly with ultrasonic instruments, results in smoother root surfaces with less remaining calculus. The use of magnifying tools such as dental loupes and operating microscopes enhances the efficacy of periodontal treatment by providing better visualisation and illumination.
Heavy Metal Toxicity and its Treatment
Authors: Yusoff Nik Syamimi Nik , Knight Victor Feizal , Shakrin Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed , Yunus Wan Md Zin Wan
Published: November 2024

Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are capable of inducing a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioural dysfunctions. Heavy metal poisoning remains a persistent public health problem in Malaysia and throughout the world. Exposure to toxic metals and compounds containing them through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact may cause various pathophysiological conditions, and the nervous system is the most susceptible organ system to this exposure causing a condition known as heavy metal-mediated neurotoxicity. This review summarises the current understanding of the mechanisms by which arsenic, lead and mercury induce heavy metal-mediated neurotoxicity. These heavy metals cause toxic manifestations in the nervous system primarily through the presence of excessive pro-oxidants and depletion of antioxidants, causing an imbalance homeostasis also described as oxidative stress. In addition, this article also reviews previous common chelation treatments and emerging antioxidant treatments since antioxidants have become the current interest in the prevention and treatment of these heavy metal-mediated toxicities.
Evaluating the Effects of Heavy Metals on Seminal Fluid Anti Oxidants Status and Semen Parameters among Males with Infertility at Tertiary Health Centre in Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu Waliu Olatunbosun , Lawani Oluwafemi Ademola , Oyewo Rasaki Adewale , Oderinu Kazeem Adebayo , Jimoh Olanrewaju Saheed , Motayo Babatunde Olarenwaju , AbdulGhaffaar Oluwamayowa Hidaayah Jimoh
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

There are evidences of a reduction in male fertility potential globally. This, coupled with the limitation of the gold standard investigative tool of male infertility, has become necessary that focus should be on elucidating the aetiopathogenic causes of male fertility. This includes the impact of environmental toxic products such as levels of heavy metals that have been proposed to impact both the sperm quality and seminal antioxidant status. The study assessed how the seminal concentrations of specific heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and Iron affect the seminal fluid analysis (SFA) parameters and seminal antioxidant status of males exhibiting abnormal parameters of sperm, analysing infertile male patients consecutively in a cross-sectional manner, with at least one abnormal SFA parameter, at a tertiary health centre.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and thirty consenting males who have one or several anomalies with sperm characteristics were selected as subjects. Semen samples were collected, processed and centrifuged. The supernatants were analysed for the heavy metals using Buck Scientific 210/211VGP Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers 220GF Graphite Furnace and 220AS Autosampler and seminal Vitamins C and E, using spectrophotometric method and glutathione peroxidase, whereas catalase was analysed using ELISA method.

Results:

Subjects’ seminal levels of Cd, Fe and Pb were notably greater than those of controls, respectively. In addition, individuals’ levels of seminal antioxidants were noticeably lower than controls. Seminal antioxidant status and Seminal Cd, Fe and Pb were positive and negative significantly correlated with sperm count and active motility, respectively.

Conclusion:

Laboratory quantification of the seminal concentrations of these heavy metals in the evaluation of males with infertility, especially those still regarded as idiopathic, because of limitations of investigative tools and biomarkers, will be of clinical utility, in both the management and prevention of sperm quality deterioration.
The psychological impact of disaster on first responders in the aftermath of Bahanaga train tragedy: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Ravan Jayaprakash R. , Panda Udit K. , Pattnaik Jigyansa I. , Banerjee Sreya , Chaudhuri Titas , Patil Sachin , Das Rama Chandra
Published: November 2024

Background:

First responders are at high risk for adverse mental health outcomes following trauma exposure during disaster response. This mixed methods study aimed to quantify psychological impacts and explore personal experiences among first responders after the Bahanaga train accident that killed 294 passengers in the month of June 2023.

Methods:

For qualitative data, in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted, and quantitative data was collected using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The study was conducted over one month during July 2023.

Results:

Among 225 responders, alarming rates of symptoms of probable PTSD (10.2%), anxiety (11.6%), and depression (24.9%) were noted. Those with no prior exposure to disasters and those with no formal training in disaster response scored higher in measures for PTSD. IDIs were conducted with 22 first responders, including various stakeholders. Qualitative analysis identified themes of preoccupation with witnessing trauma, feeling overwhelmed, scary and terrible emotions, avoidance, guilt, hypervigilance, intrusive memories, emotional numbing, unmet needs for mental health support, worsening physical health, re-emergence of past traumas, compounding impact of graphic images in the media, certain positive impact, including increased empathy, resilience and finding purpose, and the beneficial role of peer support.

Conclusion:

Significant psychological impacts are noted with elevated rates of probable PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among first responders one month after the Bahanaga train tragedy. These results underscore the vulnerability of first responders to mental health challenges following disaster response in India.
Efficacy of brief cognitive behavior therapy in improving symptoms, functioning, and adherence to treatment in patients with bipolar disorder in remission: A randomized control study
Authors: Nambiar Seema , Munivenkatappa Manjula , Arumugham Shyam Sundar
Published: November 2024

Background:

Residual symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) in remission are common, and they contribute to significant functional impairment and distress. The incomplete efficacy of pharmacological treatments and improvements in psychotherapeutic approaches has led to renewed interest in psychotherapy for this disorder. However, there are fewer studies addressing the same.

Aim:

The study aims to examine brief CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) in addressing the residual symptoms in BD.

Method:

A two-group randomized control design with multiple assessments (pre, post, and 3-month follow-up) was adopted. The sample consisted of 30 patients each in the intervention and Treatment As Usual (TAU) groups selected from the outpatient services of a tertiary mental health hospital. The variables studied were interepisodic symtpoms, functioning, and adherence to treatment using the tools of Beck Depression Inventory-II, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received a brief integrated CBT of 8–10 sessions conducted weekly over 2–3 months. The TAU group received treatment as usual and brief weekly telephonic contact.

Results:

A significant difference was seen across the time points between the groups on all the variables. Significant changes in within group scores was noted in the intervention group on depressive and anxiety symptoms, medication adherence, and dysfunctional attitudes compared to the TAU group. However, there was no significant change in the functioning in both the groups. Larger within group effect sizes for anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes and emotion regulation, medium effect sizes for depression, and quality of life and small effect sizes for manic symptoms and medication adherence were found in the intervention group. Depression severity had a significant moderating effect on therapy outcomes.

Conclusion:

The study shows effectiveness of brief CBT in reducing residual symptoms in the patients with BD. A longer-term follow-up would validate the findings.