bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construyendo la paz. Análisis comparativo de la contención del crimen organizado en Chicago, Sicilia y La Laguna
Authors: Aguayo Quezada Sergio , Peña González Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

¿Existe algún modelo o fórmula de validez universal para contener al crimen organizado? Este artículo aborda esta pregunta clave comparando tres experiencias de contención: Chicago (en la primera mitad del siglo xx), Sicilia (en las últimas décadas del mismo siglo xx y primeras del xxi) y La Laguna (desde 2007). En ellos se detectan y destacan patrones de reacciones y coordinaciones sociales ante problemáticas similares de violencia y gobernanza del crimen. El artículo comienza estableciendo una discusión conceptual sobre la gobernanza criminal y el capital social. Posteriormente compara con las mismas variables los tres casos y finaliza señalando las similitudes para cerrar con la discusión en torno a la pregunta de investigación planteada al inicio.
Sobre Mariano A. Bonialian, La América Española: entre el Pacífico y el Atlántico
Authors: Hausberger Bernd
Published: June 2021

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Sobre María Eugenia Claps Arenas, En busca de una opinión pública. La producción hemerográfica de los españoles exiliados en Inglaterra y su apropiación por la prensa mexicana, 1824-1827
Authors: Coudart Laurence
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Víctor Brangier, Saber hacer y decir en justicia: Culturas jurídico-judiciales en la zona centro-sur de Chile (1824-1875)
Authors: Parodi Ambel Karime
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Mark Wasserman, Pesos and Politics. Business, Elites, Foreigner, and Government in Mexico, 1854-1940
Authors: Mancha Martínez Erick
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Daniela Spenser, En combate: la vida de Lombardo Toledano
Authors: Mendoza Ernesto
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Luis Aboites Aguilar, Moverse para no extinguirse. Trayectoria productiva y movilización social de pequeños lecheros de Chihuahua, México, 1950-2018
Authors: Tarrés María Luisa
Published: June 2021

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Sobre Pilar Gonzalbo Aizpuru, La historia y lo cotidiano
Authors: Jiménez Gómez Juan Ricardo
Published: June 2021

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Introducción al Dossier: La historia rural europea reciente
Authors: Luna Pablo
Published: June 2021

El dossier que estamos presentando en este número de la revista tiene como finalidad la de brindar un amplio panorama de la evolución reciente de la historiografía rural europea. La idea original ha sido la de presentar, especialmente de cara a los jóvenes investigadores de nuestro continente latinoamericano, como estímulo para sus futuros trabajos y análisis (o incluso tesis), un inventario historiográfico, lo más completo posible, de los nuevos objetos y temáticas examinados por los historiadores europeos en este campo del saber, en el seno de nuestra disciplina histórica. Para ello, se ha solicitado a los más connotados especialistas de cada sector de estudios, quienes han aceptado de muy buena gana ceñirse al objetivo fijado por los editores. Por ello, les quedamos muy agradecidos
Crédito y mercados financieros en la Península Ibérica a finales de la Edad Media. Producción historiográfica y evoluciones recientes
Authors: Furió Antonio
Published: June 2021

El artículo examina la trayectoria de los estudios sobre el crédito y los mercados financieros en la Península Ibérica a finales de la Edad Media, desde los primeros trabajos sobre la usura y el préstamo a interés, fundamentalmente judío, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, hasta las líneas de investigación más recientes, que se ramifican en diversas direcciones, desde el marco teórico, doctrinal y legal del mercado del crédito y el estudio de los diferentes instrumentos financieros –préstamo a interés, crédito comercial y bancario, crédito a largo plazo en forma de censales y censos consignativos– a la deuda pública y el crédito privado, especialmente el crédito rural. Todos estos estudios muestran el vigor y la fecundidad de un tema de estudio sustancial, nuclear, que apela a múltiples áreas de conocimiento, desde la historia rural y agraria a la historia urbana, fiscal y financiera. También muestra la vitalidad de una historia económica que sigue siendo más histórica que econométrica, con datos y métodos cuantitativos, pero sin necesidad de imponer lógicas contemporáneas, neoclásicas o neoliberales, a las economías del pasado.
Niveles de vida, revolución por objetos y revolución industriosa en la Europa moderna: verdades y fantasmas. Meaux y su campiña (Región de Brie), siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Béaur Gérard
Published: June 2021

Gracias a un conjunto documental de inventarios post mortem (que cubre dos siglos) de la región de Meaux (en Brie, al este de París), este artículo plantea de forma crítica dos conceptos muy en boga actualmente en los trabajos sobre la historia del consumo al final de la Edad Moderna. Se trata, en primer lugar, de la “revolución del consumo”, y, en segundo lugar, de la “revolución industriosa” (brillantemente defendida por Jan De Vries), y de su articulación recíproca, o sea, del hecho de que la “revolución industriosa”, que se habría producido desde el siglo XVII en Holanda, sería la matriz de la “revolución del consumo”. El trabajo estadístico que se hace permite efectivamente constatar una vez más la validez de la hipótesis relativa a la revolución del consumo, estableciendo un calendario temporal y un ritmo determinado, pero también su ámbito y sus limitaciones sociales, tanto para una pequeña ciudad como para el medio rural circundante. En cambio, se pone en duda la validez de la hipótesis de una revolución industriosa, así como la naturaleza excepcional del caso holandés, tal como las defiende De Vries. A partir de sus resultados, este artículo pone de relieve sobre todo la coyuntura económica y la ampliación de la oferta como mejores explicaciones de la nueva actitud de los pobladores de querer trabajar más para poder consumir más.
Gosto, importância e participação de meninas e meninos na educação física no ensino médio
Authors: So Marcos Roberto , Zuaneti Martins Mariana , Santos Rodrigues Gilson , Prodócimo Elaine , Zuardi Ushinohama Tatiana , Betti Mauro
Published: June 2021

O objetivo do estudo é compreender, sob perspectiva discente, a interferência do marcador gênero nas relações dos/as estudantes de Ensino Médio com a Educação Física (EF). Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com 94 alunos e 88 alunas de 8 escolas estaduais de São Paulo (Brasil), que levantou informações de gosto, importância e participação na disciplina EF, a partir de aplicação de questionário estruturado. Os resultados indicam que meninos atribuem maior importância, gostam e participam mais do que as meninas. Contudo, não é possível afirmar que meninas desgostam, não participam e não atribuem importância. Em cotejo com a literatura, a participação das alunas na EF, além do fator gosto, está concatenada a obrigação ou via “obediência-subversiva” no ambiente ambíguo escolar, de discursos explícitos de igualdade de condições e de práticas implícitas segregacionistas de gênero; por sua vez, a referida ambiência implícita favorece a “colonização” de meninos nas aulas de EF. Concluímos que são os docentes (homens e mulheres) que podem problematizar a desigualdade e ajudar a instituir uma EF com equidade de gênero.
Gênero, sexualidade e formação em Educação Física: percepções de professores e alunos em um projeto na escola
Authors: De Oliveira Duarte Gustavo , Castro Felipe Barroso de , Bonaldo do Nascimento Thaiane
Published: June 2021

Esse estudo objetivou apresentar e discutir as percepções de professores(as) da educação básica, especialmente da área da Educação Física; e alunos(as) (jovens e adolescentes) envolvidos em um projeto que tematizou gênero e sexualidade na escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa inicial e, portanto, exploratória. Realizamos observações não estruturadas durante as intervenções do projeto nas escolas, pelas quais registramos e analisamos as opiniões, posicionamentos, sentimentos e vivências de professores(as) e alunos(as) sobre os temas gênero e sexualidade. As intervenções do projeto aconteceram em dois momentos: inicialmente de maneira expositiva e, na sequência, por meio de uma roda de conversa, espaço reservado para o diálogo e as discussões. De modo geral, percebemos que os professores pouco haviam abordado as temáticas em sala de aula. Alguns docentes sinalizaram trabalhos quando o tema vem à tona ou em projetos interdisciplinares. Os alunos relataram diversas situações conflitantes no cotidiano da escola e, no geral, emitiram opiniões favoráveis em respeito as diversidades. Consideramos, ao final da investigação, que os temas gênero e sexualidade continuam sendo pouco explorados tanto dentro da escola como nos cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores de Educação Física, fator que evidencia a necessidade de projetos e iniciativas que levem até a escola essa discussão.
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN, KEMUDAHAN, DAN RESIKO TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN E-BANKING (Survei pada Nasabah BRI Syariah di Kota Palu)
Authors: Andi Fauziah  , Tenrypada
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa Pengaruh Kepercayaan, Kemudahan dan Risiko Terhadap Penggunaan E-banking baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu nasabah BRI Syariah yang berjumlah 74 responden. Sampel tersebut diambil berdasarkan metode sampling purposive. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan alat analisis software SPSS versi 25.0. Hasil dari penelitian ini, secara parsial Kepercayaan dan Kemudahan berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan Risiko berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Kepercayaan, Kemudahan dan Risiko secara serempak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Penggunaan E-banking
DINAMIKA GENDER DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Saguni Fatimah
Published: June 2021

The status and roles of women produce various conclusions due to different perspectives and approaches in examining gender relations and the dynamics of interactions that occur in gender relations in society. Biological differences between men and women have occurred since the conception, embryological development and puberty. Socioculturally, these differences are developed in accordance with the conditions that occur among the ethnic groups concerned. This shift can be seen in the increasing number of women who penetrate the public sphere, even willing to leave their homes to get work. Differences in gender roles that are formed by society are continuously socialized through education, either directly or indirectly in families, schools and in the community. Therefore, society really adheres to the rules that differentiate the roles of women and men. For this reason, various efforts are needed to fight for gender equality in people's lives.
KONSEP IQRA’ PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Hikmaturrahmah Hikmaturrahmah
Published: June 2021

The command to iqra in Qur'an as the first revelation is a concept of command to read.  In this context, the word iqra (read) means an activity to get to know, comprehend, analyze, observe, and learn all things in life. It could also be specifically interpreted as reading books. The book here is not limited to Qur'an, but each and every beneficial thing. Children are blank slates of human that must be introduced to books and reading. However, it is obvious that there is a difference in teaching reading to early childhood and to adults. Reading is an enjoyment for children, full of pictures and colors, laughter and happiness. The essence of children is to be engaged in new things. So, reading is a way to introduce numerous new things to early childhood.
METODE MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BELAJAR ANAK MENURUT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Aldiawan
Published: June 2021

Fostering children's interest in learning is very important because interest is the most convincing foundation for the success of the existing learning process. Ensuring for the success of the learning process of the children is important. Therefore, the children may develop the potential of interests in themselves, so without coercion the children will learn on their own. Basically, there are three factors that influence the emergence of children's interest in learning, which are talent, environmental influence and individual interest. Talent is one of the factors that children are born with, so talent is not something that has happened. It is not formed when an individual is born, but only potentials. Environment, interest in the development of one's life, therefore life between the environment and the family must be improved. Individual interest, in this case the state of one's health, greatly influences the emergence of interest, therefore the health of the body must also be maintained, both from internal and external disturbances.
The EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive and corporate narrative disclosure practices: the case of the fashion industry
Authors:   Executive Director of the Planetary Wellbeing Institutional Framework, Pompeu Fabra University. Associate Professor of Sustainability in Business Law, ESCI-UPF, Mélon Lela
Published: June 2021

The present work tackles the crucial issue of global sustainability and the challenge of policy coherence around sustainability, focusing on sustainability reporting in the fashion industry in the EU. As the legislative framework has grown increasingly rigorous, so has the importance of well-formed and carefully focused legislation. By examining non-financial (sustainability) reporting in the fashion industry and its challenges, this paper exposes the most plausible next steps to be taken in terms of requirements for non-financial reporting as well as changes to corporate purpose and behaviour. This paper engages with policy and legal considerations, practical behaviour and their analysis in relation to sustainability science, providing an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary understanding of the sustainability reporting and adjacent framework in the EU.
constitucionalidade da delação premiada realizada pelo delegado de policia
Authors: Vilarino Alexon , Paula Alan Pinheiro de
Published: June 2021

A delação premiada é considerada uma técnica de investigação por meio de confissão e prestação de informações verídicas para o esclarecimento de delitos. Este trabalho tem como objeto a constitucionalidade e legitimidade de o delegado de polícia, nos casos previstos em lei, aplicar esta ferramenta de investigação criminal. O presente estudo deu-se pelo método dedutiva por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, doutrina e jurisprudência realizadas no Brasil. Objetiva-se pesquisar por casos utilizando-se da teoria dos jogos por meio de suas regras, táticas e estratégicas. Busca-se refletir sobre os requisitos, etapas e procedimentos no jogo da delação premiada. Busca-se também observar os limites da teoria dos jogos no tratamento das provas e dos direitos do delatado. Conclui-se que o delegado de polícia fundamenta a investigação criminal, conforme entendimento constitucional, assim como, possui legitimidade para realizar a delação premiada.
Fatores de risco associados a ocorrência de tracoma em comunidade assistida pelo programa "Um estudante uma família" da Universidade Lúrio, Moçambique
Authors: Mazalo João Viriato
Published: June 2021

O tracoma é a principal causa infecciosa de cegueira a nível global. Apesar dos esforços empreendidos para reduzir os casos de cegueira evitável por tracoma, ainda existem regiões mais pobres do mundo com problemas de acesso a saneamento básico, o que dificulta a eliminação sustentável do tracoma. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar precocemente os fatores de risco associados a ocorrência do tracoma na comunidade de Muatala. Realizou-se um estudo observacional descritivo transversal, prospectivo com abordagem quantitativa, em 108 residentes do bairro de Muatala, Nampula – Moçambique, no período entre maio a abril de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário. Dos fatores de risco que contribuem para a ocorrência de tracoma, constatou-se que 47% das famílias utilizam água do poço para higienizar o rosto, sem nenhum tratamento. Quanto a forma de utilização de toalha para higienizar o rosto, observou-se existência de partilha coletiva (25%) e a divisão de tolha por idade (8%). Em relação a frequência de lavagem do rosto, notou-se que 29% só faz a lavagem do rosto durante o banho. No que concerne ao saneamento do local onde as crianças brincam, constatou-se que 8% brinca próximo das lixeiras e águas paradas, respectivamente, locais repletos de agentes infeciosos. Assim, conclui-se que a comunidade de Muatala está exposta a fatores de risco que incluem, utilização de água não potável para a higienização do rosto, uso de tolhas de forma coletiva e condições de saneamento inadequada, o que pode ocasionar a ocorrência de doenças infeciosas, incluindo o tracoma.

Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco. Higiene. Saneamento. Tracoma.
Recent findings on perinatal mesenchymal stem cells – their possible application in current advanced medicine
Authors: Sibiak Rafał , Stefańska Katarzyna , Ratajczak Kornel , Bukowska Dorota , Antosik Paweł , Mozdziak Paul , Jeseta Michal
Published: June 2021

The mature human placenta and umbilical cord are rich sources of perinatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Both cell populations have similar characteristics and cellular properties. Each population can differentiate into multiple mesenchymal subpopulations and retain their self-renewal capacities. Perinatal stem cells can be isolated from tissues obtained from the planned cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries. Their isolation is relatively easy, making them readily available for implementation in various in vitro studies and clinical trials. Their differentiation abilities could be used in advanced regenerative medicine protocols to form new bone, cartilage, or tendons. Moreover, their unique anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have been implemented in the experimental treatment of multiple autoimmune and degenerative diseases. Numerous phase I/II clinical trials confirmed the safety of perinatal MSCs injections and infusions, albeit the efficacy of those cellular therapies should be investigated in the subsequent large-scale randomized trials.

Running title: Clinical applications of the perinatal mesenchymal stem cells
The challenges of treating a patient with recurrent congenital toxoplasmic chorioretinitis
Authors: Krasińska Aleksandra , Jaz Kamila , Mamczur Joanna , Kocięcki Jarosław
Published: June 2021

Congenital toxoplasmosis is a rare, non-curable parasite infection, that affects approximately 242 children in Europe each year. Poland has one of the highest rates of congenital toxoplasmosis in Europe. Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to the fetus results in numerous medical conditions, such as developmental delay, intellectual disabilities, seizures, hearing loss, and blindness. Chorioretinitis is a serious manifestation of congenital toxoplasmosis that can recur even after 25 years from the primary infection, which poses a significant therapeutic challenge. A 41-year-old female reported to the Ophthalmology Emergency Room due to blurred vision and pain in the right eye, accompanied by a constant headache. The patient suffered from congenital toxoplasmosis with two relapses in the past. On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 1,0 in both eyes, and the intraocular pressure was significantly increased. Slit-lamp examination showed vitritis and an active retinochoroidal lesion in the right eye. In the left eye, there was a retinochoroidal scar. A relapse of toxoplasmosis was suspected. Serology for Toxoplasma gondii was positive. Pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine, clindamycin, topical corticosteroids, and intraocular pressure-lowering drugs were implemented. During the treatment, the patient developed corticonuclear cataract in both eyes and reported psychotic symptoms. Clinical condition improved after the treatment with corticosteroids at a lower dose. Treatment of ocular manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging. The clinical benefit of treatment should be weighed against side effects for each patient.

Running title: Congenital toxoplasmosis treatment
Identification of the respiratory tract infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by TaqMan real-time PCR
Authors: Abdulsahib Sabah Saad
Published: June 2021

The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant human pathogenic bacterium that is endemic within hospitals around the world. The identification and inspection of MRSA in clinical samples is quite helpful both in advising individual patients about the required care and in tracking these species. The goal of this study was to present a modern, faster, and more accurate diagnostic technique to operate on the real-time duplex PCR applicable to S. aureus/MRSA monitoring in Iraqi patients. For this reason, the S. aureus-specific nuc gene sequence and the mecA gene sequence were checked simultaneously. To estimate the assay efficiency, a set of six target strains, 34 non-target strains, and 296 clinical specimens were used. The findings obtained from the diagnosis of a total of 296 isolates based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical tests showed that 146 (49.32%) were classified as individuals with respiratory tract infections of S. aureus with a total male to female ratio of 1.47, and 142 isolates demonstrated methicillin resistance. 142 MRSA isolates were investigated in the molecular analysis, all MRSA isolates had positive results for the nuc gene and 138 isolates were positive for the mecA gene. The current real-time PCR assay has 97% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 98% accuracy.

Running title: Identification of the MRSA by real time PCR
Institutional Investors in the Czech Voucher Privatisation
Authors: Šuterová Magdalena
Published: June 2021

Voucher privatisation that proceeded in the Czech Republic in the 1990s was a realisation of a unique experiment which resulted in the transfer of almost half of state-owned enterprises to private hands within two years. A substantial part of these private hands was represented by intermediaries – the investment privatisation funds (IPFs). Their presence in the privatisation is often criticised as the cause of the extensive tunnelling. The aim of the paper is to find out how these funds performed after the privatisation. Using the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model, with OLS parameter estimations, I conclude that the so-called tunnelling was not as extensive, and that the privatisation funds were not as harmful for the privatisation as is believed.
Education and subjective well-being. Observations from Madagascar
Authors: Klein Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the association between education and subjective well-being (SWB). To this end, the data collected during the My Baobab Foundation's (FMB) operations in Madagascar in 2007–2020 are analyzed a posteriori. The paper offers some insight into what is required for a low-income country to follow the pathway to education, and examines how educational efforts can translate into an improvement in SWB.
Constitutional aspects of the current reform of the selecting constitutional judges in the Slovak Republic and the comparative perspectives in Europe
Authors: Simona FARKAŠOVÁ
Published: June 2021

This document concerns the issue of constitutional reform of the Slovakconstitutional judiciary in 2021, which resulted in major changes of the composition, establishment, and powers of the Constitutional Court of the SR. While discussing the constitutional reform of the Constitutional Court, the author first of all points to the evolution of the selection of constitutional judges. This document summarizes new and precised criteria for the selection of constitutional judges and details how, according to constitutional requirements, competing candidates have to be assessed subsequently, provides an overview of the election procedure of the candidates for constitutional judges in parliament. Theimminent part of this document is the comparative analysis of the issue of the constitutional judiciary, with special regard to the selection of constitutional judges in selected member states of the European Union, the synthesis of common features and subsequently the description of the proposal de constitutione ferenda. All of these used methods of scientific research led the author to formulate final conclusion whether the actual constitutional reform is able to fulfill its aim, which is to prevent the political power from interferenting with the independence and effective functioning of the constitutional judiciary.
Aesthetics of Virtual: The Development Opportunities of Virtual Museums in Indonesia
Authors: Soraya Ayu , Martyastiadi Yusup Sigit
Published: June 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic requires us to carry out physical and social distancing. It is undeniable, this also has an impact on government policy to close tourist destinations, including museums. Currently, sophisticated 3D visualization technology provides the potential for the development of virtual museums. The virtual museums were developed for giving the experience of the visiting museum in the digital world as a distance learning. This application can provide immersion through interactivity while exploring virtual museums. Basically, this article explains the aesthetic investigations in some virtual museums. The researchers describe the aesthetic of each sampled virtual museums projects. The literature synthesis of several virtual museums projects is expected to be able to give an idea of the potential development of virtual museums in Indonesia. The aesthetics of virtual elements could be used as a recommendation for museum conservator for the development of prospective Indonesian virtual museums. Furthermore, the aesthetics of virtual in digital museums provide opportunities to present virtual museums exploration experiences. Estetika Virtual: Peluang Perkembangan Museum Virtual di IndonesiaAbstrakPandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan kita melakukan jarak fisik dan sosial. Tak bisa dipungkiri, hal ini juga berdampak pada kebijakan pemerintah untuk menutup destinasi wisata, termasuk museum. Saat ini, teknologi visualisasi 3D yang canggih memberikan potensi untuk pengembangan museum virtual. Museum virtual dikembangkan untuk memberikan pengalaman mengunjungi museum di dunia digital sebagai pembelajaran jarak jauh. Aplikasi ini dapat memberikan immersion melalui interaktivitas sambil menjelajahi museum virtual. Pada dasarnya, artikel ini menjelaskan investigasi estetika di beberapa museum virtual. Para peneliti mendeskripsikan estetika dari setiap proyek museum virtual yang dijadikan contoh. Sintesis literatur dari beberapa proyek museum virtual diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran tentang potensi perkembangan museum virtual di Indonesia. Estetika unsur virtual dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi bagi konservator museum untuk pengembangan museum virtual Indonesia yang akan datang. Selain itu, estetika virtual dalam museum digital memberikan peluang untuk menghadirkan pengalaman eksplorasi museum virtual.
Re-Actualization Balinese Gamelan Harmony for Renewal Knowlegde of the Balinese Music
Authors: Ardana I Ketut
Published: June 2021

Balinese music has a variety of gamelan that develops in the community. Balinese gamelan is a central object in the development of Balinese musical knowledge. One of the most problematic is the harmony system. In the context of Balinese music knowledge, the harmony system is an element that is often discussed its existence. The 'harmony system' has been recognized through the dualistic concept. This concept is the source of the technique for playing the Balinese Gamelan. Knowledge of the harmony system with this dualistic concept is based on the object of research by Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Gamelan Gong Kebyar is indeed very closely related to the dualistic system. However, this system is not relevant to several other Balinese Gamelan, one of which is the Gamelan Gambang. Therefore, knowledge of the harmony system in Balinese music needs to be updated. This update is an actualization of knowledge about gamelan harmony. The problems discussed in this article are what is Balinese Gamelan harmony, what is the roles of Balinese Gamelan harmony and the concept of Balinese musical harmony. This reaserch uses a mix method, namely qualitative and quantitative methods. Musicology approach as a qualitative method while sound physics as a quantitative method. Re-aktualisasi Harmoni Gamelan Bali untuk Pembaruan Pengetahuan Musik Bali Abstrak Karawitan Bali memiliki ragam gamelan yang berkembang di masyarakat. Gamelan Bali merupakan objek sentral dalam pengembangan pengetahuan karawitan Bali. Salah satu yang paling bermasalah adalah sistem harmoni. Dalam konteks pengetahuan karawitan Bali, sistem harmoni merupakan unsur yang sering dibicarakan keberadaannya. Sistem harmoni terepresentasi melalui konsep dualistik. Konsep inilah yang menjadi sumber teknik memainkan Gamelan Bali pada umumnya. Pengetahuan sistem harmoni dengan konsep dualistik ini berdasarkan objek penelitian Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Gamelan Gong Kebyar memang sangat erat kaitannya dengan sistem dualistik. Namun sistem ini tidak relevan dengan beberapa Gamelan Bali lainnya, salah satunya Gamelan Gambang. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan tentang sistem harmoni dalam karawitan Bali perlu dimutakhirkan. Pembaruan ini merupakan aktualisasi pengetahuan tentang harmoni gamelan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah apa yang dimaksud dengan harmoni Gamelan Bali, batasan harmoni Gamelan Bali dan model harmoni secara musikal gamelan Bali. Penelitian ini menggunakan mixmethode , yaitu metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan musikologi sebagai metode kualitatif sedangkan fisika bunyi sebagai metode kuantitatif.
Smak för hållbar utveckling?
Authors: Gelinder Lolita
Published: June 2021

In the school subject Home- and Consumer Studies, the curriculum includes knowledge about sustainable food consumption, i.e. the students should learn to make sustainable food choices. Previous research has shown that taste is an important factor when people choose what to eat. The purpose of this study is to investigate teaching about sustainable food consumption, by focusing on how teachers and students talk about taste during foodwork, more specifically what meaning that is construed in relation to taste and how this content may be understood in relation to different perspectives on taste. Video data from two classes of Swedish lower secondary school students is analyzed using pragmatic discourse analysis methods. The results show that taste is mainly used in terms of taste assessments and thus provide an understanding of taste as something fixed and unchangeable. A transactional perspective on taste is suggested as an alternative, working with taste as something changeable and reflexive. In this way teaching can be a part in students developing new taste experiences, which is crucial for wanting to change eating habits, or for learning to eat new dishes, and foods, which will be required in order for people to make sustainable food choices.
Оценка обоснованности введения экспортной пошлины на сою: региональный аспект
Authors: ПАВЛЕНКО О. А.
Published: June 2021

Проведен анализ производства и экспорта соевых бобов на Дальнем Востоке России. Показаны изменения, вызванные введением экспортной пошлины на вывоз сои. Дана оценка обоснованности установленной ставки, предложены варианты ее определения в будущем.
Impact of Halal Information on Purchasing Decisions moderated Religiosity in Food and Beverage Provision
Authors: Junaidin Junaidin , Hudaya Syarifah , Rijai Laode , Hidayat Tetra , Setyadi Djoko
Published: June 2021

Halal information on Food and Beverage Preparations, analyze for influence on Purchasing Decisions. Novelty research is the Role of Moderation to the relationship of Halal Information to Purchasing Decisions. Using structural model equations (SEM), there is a positive and significant impact of Halal Information on Purchasing Decisions. There is a positive and considerable moderation of Religiosity to the relationship between Halal Information and Purchasing Decisions. The practical implications of the study's results, empirically proving that Halal Information listed on Food and Beverage Preparations led to an increase in Purchasing Decisions, and consumer Religiosity showed significant differences. Advice for Food and Beverage manufacturers to keep halal information on Food and Beverage Preparations because it affects positive buying decisions.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. on lipid peroxidation inhibition and microbial count in minced beef
Authors: FAHMY WALEED GAMAL EL DIN , ABDELHADY SAHAR RAMADAN , METWALY SAMIR MAHMOUD , AHMED FATMA ALI
Published: June 2021

The present research was carried out for two main targets, the first one is phytochemical and biological screening of the aerial parts of Silybum marianum. The second one is the possibility of using Silybum marianum ethanolic extract as natural preservative for extending minced beef shelf-life during refrigeration and frozen storage. The chemical analysis of dry matter revealed that total ash content was 13.04% of D.M, crude fibers, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and total tannins were (24.59%, 9.16%, 0.84% and (0.08%), respectively. The highest values of antioxidant activity were recorded in ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol 70%extacts, respectively for successive and selective solvents with values of 82.45% and 58.85% for successive solvents, 86.84% and 70.50% for selective solvents, respectively. Antimicrobial activity showed that, S. marianum L. Gaertn. had effect on gram positive, gram negative bacteria and yeast but had no effect on different strains of studied fungi. S. marianum had an influence on microorganisms growth in minced beef, the highest effect was 1.0% for 60 days (56 CFU). The most effective concentrations on lipid peroxidation prevention in minced beef were 1.5% for 3 days and 1.5 for 60 days.
Screening of local wild-type Xanthomonas spp. for xanthan biosynthesis using media with different carbon sources
Authors: ZAHOVIĆ IDA , DODIĆ JELENA , MARKOV SINIŠA , GRAHOVAC JOVANA , GRAHOVAC MILA , TRIVUNOVIĆ ZORANA
Published: June 2021

In this study the screening of different Xanthomonas strains, isolated from infected crucifers and pepper leaves, for xanthan biosynthesis on semi-synthetic media containing different carbon sources was performed. The success of xanthan biosynthesis was estimated based on xanthan concentration in media and its molecular weight. Glucose and glycerol were investigated as carbon sources in a quantity of 20.0 g/L. Xanthan biosynthesis by different Xanthomonas isolates on two different cultivation media was carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks under aerobic conditions for 168 h. According to the obtained results selection of the carbon source, producing strain and their combination have a statistically significant effect on xanthan quantity and quality. The results obtained in this study indicate that local wild-type Xanthomonas strains isolated from pepper leaves have a great potential for application in biotechnological production of good-quality xanthan on glycerol-based media.
Nitrogen Fixation and Diazotrophs – A Review
Authors: SUN WENLI , SHAHRAJABIAN MOHAMAD HESAM , CHENG QI
Published: June 2021

Nitrogen fixation involves formation of ammonium from N2, which needs a high input of energy. Biological nitrogen fixation utilizes the enzyme nitrogenase and ATP to fix nitrogen. Nitrogenase contains a Fe-protein and a Mo-Fe-protein and other metal cofactors. Soil diazotrophs possess the function of fixing atmospheric N2 into biologically available ammonium in ecosystems. In Aechaea, nitrogen fixation has been reported in some methanogens such as Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, and Methanosarcinales. Community structure and diversity of diazotrophic are correlated with soil pH. All known organisms which involve in nitrogen-fixing which are called diazatrophs are prokaryotes, and both bacterial and archaeal domains are responsible for that. Diazotrophs are categorized into two main groups namely: root-nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Diazotrophs include free living bacteria, such as Azospirillum, Cupriavidus, and some sulfate reducing bacteria, and symbiotic diazotrophs such Rhizobium and Frankia. Two important parameters which may affect diazotroph communities are temperature and soil moisture in different seasons. To have sustainable agriculture, replacing expensive chemical nitrogen fertilizers with environmentally friendly ways is the most accepted practice.
Maternal serum biochemical markers combined with ultrasound diagnosis at the end of the first trimester
Authors: MARINAȘ MARIUS CRISTIAN , ZORILĂ LUCIAN GEORGE , PĂTRU CIPRIAN LAURENȚIU , ȚENEA COJAN TIBERIU ȘTEFĂNIȚĂ , BALEANU VLAD DUMITRU , DAVITOIU DRAGOŞ VIRGIL , NICULESCU BOGDAN , PASCAL ANCA ROXANA , SOCEA BOGDAN , CRISTIAN EFREM ION , CĂPITĂNESCU RĂZVAN GRIGORAȘ
Published: June 2021

Objectives. Evaluating the benefits of an early screening of combined maternal markers and ultrasound of the fetuses. Methods. Prospective study (1 January and 31 December 2018) enrolled 187 patients, evaluated at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy (nuchal scan). Biochemical markers: detection of free β human chorionic gonadotropin and serum pregnancy associated plasma protein A. The first trimester ultrasound examination included the assessment of the nuchal translucency, fetal crown rump length and fetal heart. Results. 9 cases with abnormal biomarkers, increased nuchal translucency and cardiac anomalies, including abnormal 4-chamber view (6 cases) and great vessel anomalies (3 cases). 1 case considered initially negative in the first trimester was diagnosed by morphological scan with tetralogy of Fallot in the second trimester. Conclusions. A first trimester combined ultrasound protocol and maternal serum biochemical markers is important in the early prenatal care screening.
Monitoring of Aflatoxin B1 in Dry Aged Meats using a modified HPLC-FLD method
Authors: KAHRAMAN HATICE AHU , TUTUN HIDAYET
Published: June 2021

The presence of aflatoxins residues in meat and meat products occurs through ingestion of feeds contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) or during the processing of the meat products. Little research has been conducted concerning the detection of AFB1 on meat. The aim of this study was to modify the method for AFB1 determination by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in dry aged meats. The aged meat samples used for determination of AFB1 were obtained from a commercial dry aged meat plants and produced for 28 days in a meat plant chiller. All meat samples were analyzed according to the modified method. The samples were cleaned to remove impurities by using a immunoaffinity column. Photochemical reactor was used for the recording and evaluation of the chromatograms. The analytical performance parameters showed that the method was specific for AFB1 detection in the meat samples. Recovery rate, reproducibility (RSDr%) and repeatability (RSDR%) were found to be 85.889%, 3.822% and 6.601%, respectively. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.15 ng/mL and 0.501 ng/mL, respectively. AFB1 was not detected in the meat samples. Our results indicated that the method modified for monitoring AFB1 level in the meats was simple, time-saving and reliable.
CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION ON LARGE-SCALE INVESTMENT SCAM IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Peter Jeremiah , Ardison Hansel
Published: June 2021

Mass scale investment fraud (Ponzi) schemes result in protracted suffering for the victims.  In this article the author investigates this crime from a juridical normative, case, and conceptual approach.  From the very start potential victims may fall to promises of lucrative and safe investment schemes. In the eyes of the more prudent, it would or should be obvious that the collaborative business offers as presented contains logical flaws, running against common sense and is at the outset illegal. Notwithstanding, victims seems to fall easily into this trap, lured by the promise of getting easy, quick, and huge investment returns.  In the end, even when this fraudulent investment scheme unravels, the government of law enforcement seems to be unable to act decisively and offer a satisfactory solution. Slow and ineffective government response in the end exacerbate economic loss and victims suffering.
GANTI KERUGIAN TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN
Authors: Murtadho Achmad
Published: June 2021

Children’s rights, as victim (of sexual offences) or perpetrator of crime, are not yet well secured or protected by law. This issue will be discussed by examining closely the substantive and procedural rules-regulation in the Law of Child Protection (no. 23 of 2002) and Law on Child Court (no. 11 of 2012). In addition, legal practice about children court shall also be highlighted. The author suggest that the prevailing substantive and procedural law has not yet be made adequately in response to the special needs of children victims of sexual abuse as well as accommodating the need for sufficient and fair compensation. It is as it is, due, amongst others, for the lack of victim perspective in the making of the children court system and how this system is being practiced.
ASPEK HUKUM PENAWARAN UMUM EFEK SECARA ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Previanti Niken
Published: June 2021

The main issue discussed here, using a juridical normative method, regards the legal validity and implementation of, and legal protection given to investors, found in the Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 41/POJK.04/2020 re. Electronic Public Offering of Equity, Debt Securities and/or Syaria’ Undivided Share. Important to note is the fact that the Financial Services Authority is established by virtue of Law No. 21 of 2011 to replace and take over the functions of the Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency and the Central Bank in regulating and supervising Indonesian Banks and Capital Markets and lastly protect consumers in the financial services industry.  Here should also mentioned the fact that the Capital Market Law (No. 8/1995) and its implementing regulations has yet to respond to how advances in information technology can be utilized to regulate-control and supervise public offering of shares or equity in the Capital Market.
Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect)
Authors: Chilingaryan Kamo Pavelovich
Published: June 2021

The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for typological description of the Russian and Armenian languages, as well as for teaching these languages to non-native speakers. The presented materials broaden scientific representations on multifacetedness of development of fusional declension on the example of two quite different languages within the same language family.
Analysis of “Word of the Year” phenomenon in the English and Russian languages (based on the data from English-language explanatory dictionaries, Yandex Internet portal, Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Expert Council of the Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language)
Authors: Zinina Yulia Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

  The article discusses “Word of the Year” phenomenon in the English and Russian languages. The analysis is based on the data of modern sociolinguistic phenomenon – “Word of the Year” campaign. The author employs descriptive and comparative data processing methods for the period 2016–2020 from the portals of British English-language explanatory dictionaries Cambridge Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary, Collins Dictionary as well as Yandex Internet portal Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Expert Council of the Center for Creative Development of the Russian Language headed by Mikhail Epstein. The article aims to find out whether a particular word, word of the year, as a linguistic unit, can reflect the essence of the annual life cycle of a country, and as a lexical unit – determine the linguistic aspect, actual impact on the language. Based on the analysis of acquired data, the author presents a table with classification of words of the year into conceptual milestones that indicate the important areas of social life – economic-political, sociopolitical, socio-psychological, environmental, healthcare, post-pandemic, entertainment and recreation, where the semantic field of words of the year must reflect the events in the corresponding sphere. The conclusion is made that “Word of the Year” as a linguistic unit convey the conceptual identity of annual cycle of the particular society or language, by creating new set expressions and mainstream words with semantic increment; while as a lexical unit – shapes semantic dominants, determines linguistic aspect by replenishing lexical resource, and has impact on the language. Words of the year not only reflect the crucial political, economic, sociocultural events and phenomena that take place in social life during a particular time interval, but also set new, significant elements of linguocultural worldview mobile in a constantly changing semantic system of the language.  
Frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon as the markers of disciplinary affiliation of a discourse
Authors: Beliaeva Tatiana Rafaelovna
Published: June 2021

This article is dedicated to a corpus-based research of functionality of the units of general scientific (academic) lexicon in various types of disciplinary discourse, the purpose of which lies in verification of a hypothesis on a special function of the academic lexicon to indicate disciplinary affiliation of the scientific text. In the era of increasing mathematization and digitalization of scientific knowledge, corpus linguistics becomes a paramount instrument of empirical research aimed at acquisition of knowledge on the language through quantitative and qualitative analysis of compilations of texts, the scope and subject of which can be set in accordance with the specific objectives of the scholar. Special role in corpus-based research is assigned to the methods of statistical analysis for effective processing of the obtained quantitative data on linguistic realias, thereby considering linguistic research equivalent to the research of exact and natural sciences by degree of verification. The article describes the fragment of comprehensive research on functionality of the general scientific lexicon, which using the statistical method of correlation analysis on the example of more than 100 general scientific words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) established correlation between frequency and distribution of the units of general scientific lexicon and the type of disciplinary discourse. The scientific novelty lies in the holistic approach towards analyzing the characteristic features of distribution of the frequency of general scientific lexical units in 8 types of disciplinary discourse, as well as in in application of the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics that demonstrate that academic lexicon same as terminological lexicon may serve as marker of disciplinary affiliation of the discourse.