bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MANGROVE
Authors: Mahmudah Siti , Badriyah Siti Malikhatun , Turisno Bambang Eko , Soemarmi Amiek
Published: October 2019

Pemanfaatan hutan mangrove merupakan hak masyarakat yang dijamin dalam Undang-Undang, yang memerlukan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Pembahasan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove dengan metode penulisan yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penulisan deskriptif analitis yang menggunakan data sekunder, analisis kualitatif. Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove melalui metode persuasif, edukatif, dan fasilitatif yang terdapat dalam kemitraan usaha dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah, yang dilaksanakan dengan PP No 17 Tahun 2013 dimana dapat dilaksanakan dengan berbagai pola kemitraan. Pola-pola kemitraan tersebut dapat digunakan dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir pengelola hutan mangrove, pemilihan pola kemitraan yang akan digunakan  disesuaikan dengan  kebutuhan masyarakat setempat.
Reproductive biology of the shrimp Palaemon northropi (Rankin, 1898) (Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an estuary in the Brazilian northeastern
Authors: Barros-Alves Samara de Paiva , Tupy Gabriela Santos , Almeida Andréa Santos , Dos Santos Mariel Salvador , Alves Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate aspects of the reproductive biology of Palaemon northropi, a shrimp of the northeastern Brazilian estuarine region. The specimens were sampled between July and November 2017, with a hand net, and were identified to species level and sexed. We measured the carapace length (CL) of males and females and the second pleura length (PL) of females. A total of 85 individuals were collected, including 36 males and 49 females (24 non-ovigerous and 25 ovigerous). The sex ratio was 0.42, with a non-significant departure from the 1:1 ratio. Mean sizes (±SD) of males and females were 3.41±0.54 and 4.98±1.33 mm CL, respectively. The mean size of the PL (±SD) of females was 2.67±1.03 mm CL. Mean fecundity was 255±57.84 embryos. The CL was positively associated with fecundity, but the fecundity did not vary between embryo developmental stages. Palaemon northropi shows sexual dimorphism, with females being larger than males. The results indicate that the embryonic development of P. northropi occurs normally, even in an estuarine region, such as that of present study, since there was no significant loss of embryos during development. This study contributes to knowledge of the reproductive biology of P. northropi and help in our understanding of the ecological relevance of these shrimps in estuarine environments.
On the exact multiplicity of stable ground states of non-Lipschitz semilinear elliptic equations for some classes of starshaped sets
Authors: Díaz J.I. , Hernández J. , Ilyasov Y.Sh.
Published: October 2019

We prove the exact multiplicity of flat and compact support stable solutions of an autonomous non-Lipschitz semilinear elliptic equation of eigenvalue type according to the dimension N and the two exponents, 0 <α<β< 1, of the involved nonlinearites. Suitable assumptions are made on the spatial domainΩwhere the problem is formulated in order to avoid a possible continuum of those solutions and, on the contrary, to ensure the exact number of solutions according to the nature of the domainΩ. Our results also clarify some previous works in the literature. The main techniques of proof are a Pohozhaev’s type identity and some fibering type arguments in the variational approach.
A critical look at teacher development for English-Medium Instruction
Authors: Ploettner Joan Catherine
Published: October 2019

Widespread incorporation of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in higher education has created the need for teacher development initiatives (EMITD) to prepare university lecturers whose first language is not English to teach their content subjects in English. The planning and implementation of such initiatives has frequently been assigned to university language services and the language specialists that collaborate with them. Existing research provides information regarding planned EMITD initiatives, yet there is little research exploring how planned programs are interpreted and implemented in interaction. Such information is vital for quality assessment and for ongoing development. This conversation analysis-informed case study contributes direct evidence regarding how a planned EMITD process is implemented in interaction. Video-recorded interactional data from an EMITD process at a Catalan university are analysed. Participation and notions of interdisciplinary collaboration frame analysis of negotiation sequences. The findings reflect significant modification of the originally planned collaborative process and the roles of participants and the co-construction of participation frameworks that do not support interdisciplinary collaboration. These findings suggest the importance of examining EMI training processes on a local level to better inform future EMITD initiatives and the need for development of training initiatives for EMI teacher trainer-mentors on the part of university language services.
Some inequalities for the numerical radius for Hilbert C*C^{*}-modules space operators
Authors: Shah Hosseini Mohsen , Omidvar Mohsen Erfanian , Moosavi Baharak , Moradi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2019

We extend some numerical radius inequalities for adjointable operators on Hilbert

C
*

{C^{*}}

-modules.
A new refinement of a numerical radius inequality for some Hilbert space operators is given. More precisely, we prove that if

T
∈

ℬ
⁢

(
ℋ
)

{T\in\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})}

is an invertible operator, then

∥
T
∥

2

≤

∥
T
∥

2

+

1

∥

T

-
1

∥

2

2

≤

ω
⁢

(
T
)

.

\frac{\|T\|}{2}\leq\frac{\sqrt{\|T\|^{2}+\frac{1}{\|T^{-1}\|^{2}}}}{2}\leq%
\omega(T).
Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite modulates angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo
Authors: Priyadarshini C. Swathi , Balaji Thotakura , Kumar Jyothi Ashok , Subramanian Manickam , Sundaramurthi Indumathi , Meera M.
Published: October 2019

Background

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide, acaricide, and miticide used primarily to control foliage and soilborne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. Since trace amounts of these compounds are found in water and food products, they easily enter into the organ system unnoticed. In the same way, the compound or its metabolite gets transmitted from the parent to the embryo mainly through blood vessels. Since blood vessels form the major route of transport, it is pertinent to study the effect of these compounds during angiogenesis. The effect of CPF and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) on the angiogenesis of chick embryo was evaluated in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) using an ex vivo model.

Methods

Nine-day-old incubated eggs where inoculated with various doses of CPF and TCPy. After 48 h of incubation, the CAM layers were retrieved and analyzed using angiogenesis software to obtain the density of blood vessels. Histomorphometric studies were performed to measure the thickness of vessel walls. The expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, and N-cadherin genes responsible for angiogenesis were analyzed.

Results

The exposure to the parent compound CPF and its metabolite TCPy promoted angiogenesis in groups administered with lower concentration of the pesticide and its metabolite, whereas a decline in angiogenesis was observed at higher concentrations. These observations were made by analyzing the density, histomorphometry results, and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. The density, thickness, and lumen size of blood vessels in the groups with low concentration of CPF and TCPy were 28.34, 9 μm, and 30 μm, respectively, whereas in the groups with higher CPF and TCPy concentrations, they were 12, 3 μm, and 9 μm, respectively.

Conclusions

Hence, CPF and its metabolites interfere with angiogenesis in the CAM of chick embryos. Because of their estrogen-mimicking ability, pesticides are the prime etiological suspects of increasing alteration in blood vessel formation. These results may be of help in future studies on the effect of CPF in embryonic growth, wound healing, diabetes, and tumors.
Values of antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH) and ferric reducing and chelating powers of gamma-irradiated rosemary extract
Authors: Rezanejad Reza , Heidarieh Marzieh , Ojagh Seyed Mahdi , Rezaei Masoud , Raeisi Mojtaba , Alishahi Alireza
Published: October 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the various gamma dose irradiations on the antioxidant activity of rosemary PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) extract. The PBS extract of rosemary was irradiated with gamma rays at the doses of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kGy, and their antioxidant activities were investigated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), radical cation ABTS•+ (2,2-Azino-Bis (3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid), Diammonium Salt), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and ferric chelating capacity using ferrozine. The scavenging activities of gamma irradiated rosemary were observed to be significantly higher at 30 and 40 kGy using both methods, DPPH and ABST. Also, the reducing power values of 30 kGy gamma irradiated rosemary were higher than that of non-irradiated (P < 0.05) and the other doses of irradiation could not make any significant difference in reducing power of non-irradiated rosemary. The gamma irradiation of rosemary (at 10–50 kGy), significantly increased the Fe2+ chelating activity compared to non-irradiated rosemary while increasing the absorbed doses reduced Fe2+ chelating activity in rosemary (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference in the rosemary irradiated with 10 kGy and 30 kGy. The gamma irradiated rosemary showed higher antioxidant activities at doses of 30 kGy (79.5 %) and 40 kGy (80 %) with DPPH method, while slightly lower activities were recorded at doses of 30 kGy (34.8 %) and 40 kGy (34.2 %) with ABTS test. Also, results indicate that the 30 kGy might be an effective dose with maximum enhancement in the antioxidant properties of the gamma irradiated rosemary.
Existence theory of fractional coupled differential equations via Ψ-Hilfer fractional derivative
Authors: Harikrishnan Sugumaran , Shah Kamal , Kanagarajan Kuppusamy
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we analyze existence results for coupled differential equations via ψ- Hilfer fractional derivative.
The proof relies on the Schaefer fixed point theorem.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle and Sheep in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Deyhimi Mitra Sadat , Yousefidarani Hossein , Soleimanifard Simindokht
Published: October 2019

Background and aims: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which has the potential to infect all warm-blooded animals. Sheep and cattle play a main role in the economy and their infection to T. gondii, besides economic losses, can cause the infection of humans through the consumption of raw meat and other products. In this study, we aimed to survey the prevalence of T. gondii in the livestock in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: A total of 384 samples including 144 sheep and 130 bovine serum samples from Isfahan and 50 sheep and 60 bovine serum samples from Kashan slaughterhouses were tested for the presence of T. gondii antibody using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Results: In general, the antibody was found in 27.31% of sheep and 22.63% of cattle at a dilution of ≥1:200. In detail, 26.15% of bovine and 26.17% of sheep serums from Isfahan and 15% of bovine and 22% of sheep serums from Kashan were seropositive. Conclusion: The study revealed that sheep and cattle can be a significant intermediate host for the spread of the disease in this region (Isfahan province) and the health and livestock authorities in the province should be given priority in improving animal welfare and nutrition.
Evaluation of Thermal Stability and Thermal Properties of Neem/Banyan Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composite
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Anand Palanivel
Published: October 2019

Thermal insulation materials are used to increase the efficiency of many structural and heat-resistant applications. A sawdust-filled alkali-treated Neem/Banyan hybrid composite is prepared and its behaviors of thermal stability, short-term heat resistance, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity are examined by conducting Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and a thermal conductivity test. The hybrid composite is prepared by hand layup technique, using an epoxy matrix blended with sawdust as the matrix and varying the weight fraction of the Neem/Banyan fibers as reinforcement for fabrication of hybrid composites. The weight fractions of five composite samples of Neem/Banyan fibers are 90/45, 90/60, 45/45, 60/90, and 45/90 (in grams), respectively. The mass loss of fabricated composite laminates due to temperature has been investigated through TGA. Sample A gives an initial deformation from a mass of 11 mg to 10.9 mg at a 330°C temperature and a maximum working temperature of 427°C during mass at 25 % of hybrid composites. The material can withstand up to 25 % of the mass of the hybrid composite after this mass of 2.75 mg moves to degrade hybrid composites. Therefore, the percentage efficiency of the hybrid composite is 75 % of the mass, giving working conditions of hybrid composites.
The Synaptic Vesicle Cycle Revisited: New Insights into the Modes and Mechanisms
Authors: Chanaday Natali L. , Cousin Michael A. , Milosevic Ira , Watanabe Shigeki , Morgan Jennifer R.
Published: October 2019

Neurotransmission is sustained by endocytosis and refilling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) locally within the presynapse. Until recently, a consensus formed that after exocytosis, SVs are recovered by either fusion pore closure (kiss-and-run) or clathrin-mediated endocytosis directly from the plasma membrane. However, recent data have revealed that SV formation is more complex than previously envisaged. For example, two additional recycling pathways have been discovered, ultrafast endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis, in which SVs are regenerated from the internalized membrane and synaptic endosomes. Furthermore, these diverse modes of endocytosis appear to influence both the molecular composition and subsequent physiological role of individual SVs. In addition, previously unknown complexity in SV refilling and reclustering has been revealed. This review presents a modern view of the SV life cycle and discusses how neuronal subtype, physiological temperature, and individual activity patterns can recruit different endocytic modes to generate new SVs and sculpt subsequent presynaptic performance.
Phenotypic Suppression of ALS/FTD-Associated Neurodegeneration Highlights Mechanisms of Dysfunction
Authors: Bartoletti Mathieu , Bosco Daryl A. , Da Cruz Sandrine , Lagier-Tourenne Clotilde , Liachko Nicole , Markmiller Sebastian , Webster Kristin M. , Wharton Kristi A.
Published: October 2019

A fundamental question regarding the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is whether the various gene mutations associated with the disease converge on a single molecular pathway or act through multiple pathways to trigger neurodegeneration. Notably, several of the genes and cellular processes implicated in ALS have also been linked to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), suggesting these two diseases share common origins with varied clinical presentations. Scientists are rapidly identifying ALS/FTD suppressors that act on conserved pathways from invertebrates to vertebrates to alleviate degeneration. The elucidation of such genetic modifiers provides insight into the molecular pathways underlying this rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease, while also revealing new targets for therapeutic development.
Beta Oscillations in Working Memory, Executive Control of Movement and Thought, and Sensorimotor Function
Authors: Schmidt Robert , Herrojo Ruiz Maria , Kilavik Bjørg E. , Lundqvist Mikael , Starr Philip A , Aron Adam R.
Published: October 2019

Beta oscillations (∼13 to 30 Hz) have been observed during many perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes in a plethora of brain recording studies. Although the function of beta oscillations (hereafter “beta” for short) is unlikely to be explained by any single monolithic description, we here discuss several convergent findings. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), increased beta appears at the end of a trial when working memory information needs to be erased. A similar “clear-out” function might apply during the stopping of action and the stopping of long-term memory retrieval (stopping thoughts), where increased prefrontal beta is also observed. A different apparent role for beta in PFC occurs during the delay period of working memory tasks: it might serve to maintain the current contents and/or to prevent interference from distraction. We confront the challenge of relating these observations to the large literature on beta recorded from sensorimotor cortex. Potentially, the clear-out of working memory in PFC has its counterpart in the postmovement clear-out of the motor plan in sensorimotor cortex. However, recent studies support alternative interpretations. In addition, we flag emerging research on different frequencies of beta and the relationship between beta and single-neuron spiking. We also discuss where beta might be generated: basal ganglia, cortex, or both. We end by considering the clinical implications for adaptive deep-brain stimulation.
Redefining Noradrenergic Neuromodulation of Behavior: Impacts of a Modular Locus Coeruleus Architecture
Authors: Chandler Dan J. , Jensen Patricia , McCall Jordan G. , Pickering Anthony E. , Schwarz Lindsay A. , Totah Nelson K.
Published: October 2019

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a seemingly singular and compact neuromodulatory nucleus that is a prominent component of disparate theories of brain function due to its broad noradrenergic projections throughout the CNS. As a diffuse neuromodulatory system, noradrenaline affects learning and decision making, control of sleep and wakefulness, sensory salience including pain, and the physiology of correlated forebrain activity (ensembles and networks) and brain hemodynamic responses. However, our understanding of the LC is undergoing a dramatic shift due to the application of state-of-the-art methods that reveal a nucleus of many modules that provide targeted neuromodulation. Here, we review the evidence supporting a modular LC based on multiple levels of observation (developmental, genetic, molecular, anatomical, and neurophysiological). We suggest that the concept of the LC as a singular nucleus and, alongside it, the role of the LC in diverse theories of brain function must be reconsidered.
Brain Mechanisms of Concept Learning
Authors: Zeithamova Dagmar , Mack Michael L. , Braunlich Kurt , Davis Tyler , Seger Carol A. , van Kesteren Marlieke T.R. , Wutz Andreas
Published: October 2019

Concept learning, the ability to extract commonalities and highlight distinctions across a set of related experiences to build organized knowledge, is a critical aspect of cognition. Previous reviews have focused on concept learning research as a means for dissociating multiple brain systems. The current review surveys recent work that uses novel analytical approaches, including the combination of computational modeling with neural measures, focused on testing theories of specific computations and representations that contribute to concept learning. We discuss in detail the roles of the hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal, lateral prefrontal, and lateral parietal cortices, and how their engagement is modulated by the coherence of experiences and the current learning goals. We conclude that the interaction of multiple brain systems relating to learning, memory, attention, perception, and reward support a flexible concept-learning mechanism that adapts to a range of category structures and incorporates motivational states, making concept learning a fruitful research domain for understanding the neural dynamics underlying complex behaviors.
Acute effects of insulin on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation genes in men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dhindsa Sandeep , Ghanim Husam , Green Kelly , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Batra Manav , Makdissi Antoine , Chaudhuri Ajay , Sandhu Sartaj , Dandona Paresh
Published: October 2019

Aims

Insulin has anabolic effects on skeletal muscle. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect in humans. We evaluated whether the skeletal muscle expression of satellite cell activator fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and muscle growth and differentiation factors are modulated acutely by insulin during euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC).

Design and methods

This is a secondary investigation and analysis of samples obtained from a previously completed trial investigating the effect of testosterone replacement in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes. Twenty men with type 2 diabetes underwent quadriceps muscle biopsies before and after 4 h of EHC.

Results

The infusion of insulin during EHC raised the expression of myogenic growth factors, myogenin (by 72 ± 20%) and myogenin differentiation protein (MyoD; by 81 ± 22%). Insulin reduced the expression of muscle hypertrophy suppressor, myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) by 34 ± 14%. In addition, there was an increase in expression of FGF receptor 2, but not FGF2, following EHC. The expression of myostatin did not change.

Conclusions

Insulin has an acute potent effect on expression of genes that can stimulate muscle differentiation and growth.
Ectopic Expression ofLitsea cubeba LcMADS20Modifies Silique Architecture
Authors: Jiao Yulian , Yin Hengfu , Chen Yicun , Gao Ming , Wu Liwen , Wang Yangdong
Published: October 2019

Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (mountain pepper, Lauraceae) is an important woody essential oil crop that produces fragrant oils in its fruits, especially in its peels. Identification of genes involved in the regulation of fruits and peel architecture is of economic significance for L. cubeba industry. It has been well known that the MADS-box genes are essential transcription factors that control flowers and fruits development. Here, we obtained 33 MADS-box genes first from the RNA-seq data in L. cubeba, and 27 of these genes were of the MIKC-type. LcMADS20, an AGAMOUS-like gene, was highly expressed in the developing stages of fruits, particularly at 85 days after full bloom. The ectopic expression of LcMADS20 in Arabidopsis resulted in not only curved leaves, early flowering and early full-opened inflorescences, but also shorter siliques and decreased percentage of peel thickness. Moreover, in the LcMADS20 transgenic Arabidopsis, the expression modes of several intrinsic ABC model class genes were influenced, among which the expression of FUL was significantly reduced and AP3, AG, and STK were significantly increased. This study systematically analyzed the MADS-box genes in L. cubeba at the transcriptional level and showed that LcMADS20 plays important roles in the regulation of fruit architecture.
The Genomic Basis for Short-Term Evolution of Environmental Adaptation in Maize
Authors: Wisser Randall J , Fang Zhou , Holland James B , Teixeira Juliana E C , Dougherty John , Weldekidan Teclemariam , de Leon Natalia , Flint-Garcia Sherry , Lauter Nick , Murray Seth C , Xu Wenwei , Hallauer Arnel
Published: October 2019

The geographical distribution of many crop species spans far beyond their centers of origin and the native range of their wild ancestors. Maize is exemplary of this adaptability, which has contributed to its agricultural...

Understanding the evolutionary capacity of populations to adapt to novel environments is one of the major pursuits in genetics. Moreover, for plant breeding, maladaptation is the foremost barrier to capitalizing on intraspecific variation in order to develop new breeds for future climate scenarios in agriculture. Using a unique study design, we simultaneously dissected the population and quantitative genomic basis of short-term evolution in a tropical landrace of maize that was translocated to a temperate environment and phenotypically selected for adaptation in flowering time phenology. Underlying 10 generations of directional selection, which resulted in a 26-day mean decrease in female-flowering time, 60% of the heritable variation mapped to 14% of the genome, where, overall, alleles shifted in frequency beyond the boundaries of genetic drift in the expected direction given their flowering time effects. However, clustering these non-neutral alleles based on their profiles of frequency change revealed transient shifts underpinning a transition in genotype–phenotype relationships across generations. This was distinguished by initial reductions in the frequencies of few relatively large positive effect alleles and subsequent enrichment of many rare negative effect alleles, some of which appear to represent allelic series. With these genomic shifts, the population reached an adapted state while retaining 99% of the standing molecular marker variation in the founding population. Robust selection and association mapping tests highlighted several key genes driving the phenotypic response to selection. Our results reveal the evolutionary dynamics of a finite polygenic architecture conditioning a capacity for rapid environmental adaptation in maize.
What is Ancient Political Thinking?
Authors: Bartninkas Vilius
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the origins of ancient political thinking from (roughly) 750 to 348 B.C. The analysis of authors who had been discussing political questions over this period shows that ancient political thinking can be classified into three discourses: political thought, political theory, and political philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to define the characteristics of each discourse and to illustrate them with specific historical examples which show how these discourses interacted with the Greek political experiences and how political thought transformed into a theory and philosophy.
External opportunities of preservation of potential of higher education of Ukraine in conditions of demographic transition and formation export-oriented service economy
Authors: Afonin Eduard , Isaenko Volodymyr , Blagodeteleva-Vovk Svitlana
Published: October 2019

Investigated the consequences of depopulation effect on domestic higher education system. Asked to use the situation of the population explosion in developing countries as an opportunity to maintain and develop the capacity of higher education and the formation of export-oriented service economy in Ukraine. Evaluated the possible consequences of the internationalization of higher education in the Ukrainian perspective up to 2025.
Proportions of social capital allocation in the society as a key to defining the vector of its effect on social welfare
Authors: Gerasymenko Ganna
Published: October 2019

The article investigates different approaches to social capital defining as well as to the role of social capital in the economy. The author has found out that social capital can bring forth the range of positive social and economic effects,stimulating the economic development of the country. It also can bring force some negative effects, keeping a check on economic development and proliferating social disproportions.

It has been elicited that the way of social capital impact on social welfare is a function of the equitability of its allocation in the society.
Attitudes of youth on the exercise of the modernization transformations in modern Ukraine
Authors: Golovenko Valerii
Published: October 2019

The article outlines the possibility of influencing youth for carrying out of modernization processes in society. Been analyzed what contribution to solve the most pressing problems in modern Ukraine make young people and how much they are willing to participate actively in social development. Are offered the ways for improving the implementation of state youth policy in this area.
INFLUENCE OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF SUGAR WITH SERENDIPITY BERRY (DIOSCOREOPHYLLUM CUMMINSII) EXTRACT ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND SHELF-LIFE OF WHEAT BREAD
Authors: Monday Ojo Kayode Rowland , Adunni Abiodun Olufunmilola , Adeyemi Akeem Sarafa , Omodasola Oyeneye Halimat
Published: October 2019

Serendipity berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) contains a protein sweetener termed monellin which could be substituted for sugar in foods for diabetics and dieters. Therefore, effects of partial substitution of sugar with serendipity berry extract on quality of white wheat bread were investigated. The pasting properties of wheat flour treated with mixtures of 5 % sugar solution and serendipity berry extract (100:0 control, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60) were investigated. Wheat flour were blended with other ingredients and mixtures of 5 % sugar solution and serendipity berry extract to form dough which were allowed to rise prior to baking. Chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of the breads were evaluated. Pasting temperature, peak, final and setback viscosities of the control (sugar solution treated-flour) and serendipity extract treated flour were significantly (p˂0.05) different. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents of the breads ranged from 11.93–15.22 %, 0.75–3.06 %, 11.67–14.13 %, 4.29–9.06 %, 1.24–2.50 % and 55.01–68.14 %, respectively. Although the bacterial (0.0–61 ×103 cfu/g) and fungal (2.0–76.0 ×103 cfu/g) counts of the breads increased throughout the 5 days storage period, the serendipity berry extract exerted antimicrobial activities in the treated breads. The proximate, except carbohydrate, of the breads increased while the bacterial and fungal counts decreased with increase in concentration of the serendipity extract. The 60 % serendipity extract treated-bread (mean sensory scores ≥ 8.0) compared favourably with the control (sugar solution treated-bread). This study revealed that 60 % serendipity berry extract could be substituted for sugar for production of high quality bread with extended shelf life.
EFFECT OF BIOSYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES (CuNPs) ON THE GROWTH AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDA ALBICANS
Authors: Rasool Ubaid , Kumar Sah Saroj , Hemalatha S.
Published: October 2019

Biosynthesized copper nanoparticles through extracellular method were employed in this study to evaluate their effect on fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. MIC and MBC of CuNPs against C. albicans was 2.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml respectively, giving a tolerance level of 2. This was followed by absorbance measurements (OD600) to further confirm the growth inhibiting effect of CuNPs in liquid culture. Furthermore, the well-plate method was performed to check the antifungal activity of two different concentrations of CuNPs (5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) against C. albicans by observing the zones of inhibition and fluconazole (25 µg/ml) was used as a control. Static biofilm assay was performed to check whether the CuNPs were able to inhibit the formation of biofilm by C. albicans which was further analyzed through spectrophotometric measurements. Growth curve analysis showed the inhibitory effect of CuNPs on C. albicans at different time intervals. The results from the current investigation suggested that the CuNPs were effective in controlling the fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and can be utilized as alternative antifungal agents.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOOD STRESS CONDITIONS ON THE VIABILITY OF ENCAPSULATED Lactobacillus plantarum AND Lactobacillus casei ISOLATED FROM KLILA (AN ALGERIAN TRADITIONAL FERMENTED CHEESE)
Authors: Amira Samiya , Sifour Mohamed , Ouled-Haddar Houria , Hadef Sawsen , Khennouf Tarek , Mauriello Gianluigi , Maresca Diamante
Published: October 2019

Klila is one of a variety of Algerian traditional cheeses. The present work aimed to study the viability of two lactobacilli: Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei isolated from Klila and immobilized by extrusion in 2% sodium alginate under different stress conditions (different NaCl concentrations, sugar stress, different pH values and simulated gastrointestinal conditions) during storage at 4oC.
Results showed that viability of encapsulated cells was enhanced at high salt concentration; at 9%, viability of free Lb. casei cells decreased by 9 Log CFU/ml 14 days, and by only 0.2 Log CFU/ml for encapsulated cells. Encapsulated Lb. plantarum resisted up to 28 days while viability of free cells decreased by 9 Log CFU/ml in the 7th day at 9%.
pH 2 showed the lowest viability which is decreased as the time of storage increased. After 14 days of storage, Lb. casei free cells decreased by 9 Log CFU/ml, encapsulated ones by only 2.8 Log CFU/ml, Lb. plantarum free cells by 9 Log CFU/ml and by 2.6 Log CFU/ml for encapsulated cells. Exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions showed that Lb. casei resisted such conditions compared to non-encapsulated cells which was not the case with Lb. plantarum.
Storage in a commercial strawberry beverage showed that free cells did not resist more than the7th day while coated cells resisted till the 14th day. We conclude that encapsulation enhance the viability of bacteria in harsh conditions.
OCCURRENCE AND TOXIN GENE PROFILE OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: T.R. Proroga Yolande , Capuano Federico , Castellano Silvia , Giordano Angela , Mancusi Andrea , Delibato Elisabetta , Dumontet Stefano , Pasquale Vincenzo
Published: October 2019

Bacillus cereus, a bacteria frequently associated with food spoilage, is responsible for 2 different foodborne illness in humans: a diarrheal disease, associated with cytotoxin K, hemolysin BL and a non-hemolytic enterotoxin, and an emetic syndrome, associated with the cereulide toxin.
The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of B. cereus in 515 hard and soft cheeses collected in southern Italy. The strains were molecularly characterized for the presence of hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, and entFM genes, related to the production of enterotoxins (trimeric hemolysin BL, trimeric non-hemolytic enterotoxin, cytotoxin K and enterotoxin FM). One hundred thirty eight samples (26.8%) were found contaminated by B. cereus. One hundred of the contaminated samples (72.5%) showed a level of B. cereus contamination ≤103 CFU/g, whereas 9 (6.5%) samples showed a contamination >105 CFU/g. Seven different molecular profiles were found among the 138 strains of B. cereus isolated. The most common profile was nheABC-entFM, found in 42 strains, followed by the hblACD-nheABC-cytK-entFM, found in 33 strains, the nheABC-cytK-entFM, found in 24 strains, the hblACD-nheABC-entFM, found in 11 strains, the hblACD-nheAC-entFM, found in 15 strains, and the nheC-entFM, found in 12 strains. Eleven strains did not harbored any of these genes.
In 7.2% (37/515) of samples, characterized by a bacterial contamination >103 CFU/g, we found B. cereus strains harboring genes encoding for at least one complete enterotoxin.
THE DIVERSITY OF CULTIVABLE HYDROCARBON-DEGRADING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL AND SLUDGE FROM ARZEW REFINERY IN ALGERIA
Authors: SEKKOUR Sonia , BEKKI Abdelkader , BOUCHIBA Zoulikha , M. Vogel Timothy , NAVARRO Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

The use of autochtonious bacterial strains is a valuable bioremediation strategy for cleaning the environment from hydrocarbon pollutants. The isolation, selection and identification of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria is therefore crucial for obtaining the most promising strains for decontaminate a specific site. In this study, two different media, a minimal medium supplemented with petroleum and with oil refinery sludge as sole carbon source, were used for the isolation of native hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial strains from crude oil contaminated soils and oil refinery sludges which allowed isolation of fifty-eight strains.The evalution of diversity of twenty-two bacterials isolates reveled a dominance of the phylum Proteobacteria (20/22 strains), with a unique class of Alphaproteobacteria, the two remaining strains belong to the phylum Actinobacteria. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed on isolates showed high level of identity with known sequences. Strains were afﬁliated to Sinorhizobium, Promicromonospora, Novosphingobium, Georgenia, Ancylobacter, Roseomonas, Hansschlegelia and Tistrella genera. Research for the genes that encoding for degradation enzymes in isolated genera genome data deposited in Genbank reveled the presence of degradation gene in three species Sinorhizobium meliloti, Novosphingobium panipatenseand Tistrella mobilis.
CYCLOHEXANE AND ITS FUNCTIONALLY SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES: IMPORTANT CLASS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Alimardan Israyilova Aygun , Ganbarov Khudaverdi
Published: October 2019

Development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a global health concern not only for humans but also for animals. Rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics has alarmingly increased in last two decades. Factors responsible for this ever increasing antibiotic resistance are attributed to microorganisms as well as excessive and unwise use of antimicrobial drugs. Drug efflux pumps and biofilm formation are examples of microbial factors which contribute to antimicrobial resistance. It is dire need of hour to develop new antimicrobial drugs to ameliorate this condition. New antimicrobial agents with unique mode of action should be explored. In this regard, synthetic organic compounds are target of worldwide drug development studies which are being conducted for investigating new antimicrobial drugs. Cyclohexane and its functionally substituted derivatives are important compounds with diverse biological properties. These compounds can serve as probable alternatives to antibiotics with potential antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes the experimental evidences and studies exploring antimicrobial activities of cyclohexane and its functionally substituted derivatives as probable antimicrobial agents of future.
APPLICATION OF SURFACE RESPONSE METHODOLOGY FOR AN ENZYME-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF CAROTENOIDS
Authors: Adadi Parise , Vasilyevna Barakova Nadezhda
Published: October 2019

The primary sources of carotenoids are plants and microorganisms (yeast, bacteria), though they can be synthesized chemically. Due to their potent antioxidant properties, carotenoids exert a significant role at the molecular level in the suppression of various cancers and other oncological diseases. The present research aimed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction of carotenoids from carrot by response surface methodology. The Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization of extraction conditions from fresh carrot. The response (yield) was quantified using a spectrophotometric method. The highest yield from the experimental result was 393.4 µg/mL followed by 335.4 µg/mL whereas 198.0 µg/mL represents the least. The predicted highest yield (407.4 µg/mL) was more than the experimental yield (393.4 µg/mL). The model was significant (p=0.0261). However, the lack of fit for the ANOVA was not significant (p=0.3534).
MICROBIAL PECTINASES: A REVIEW ON MOLECULAR AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Samanta Saptadip
Published: October 2019

Pectinases are upcoming enzymes in the biotechnological sector. This large group of enzymes involves in break down of pectic polysaccharides, the major component of middle lamella in plant cell wall. The pectin degrading enzymes are categorized according to their mode of action and release of degradative products. Various filamentous fungi, yeast, and bacteria are the common sources of microbial pectinases. Solid state fermentation is more preferable for extracellular microbial pectinases production over the submerged fermentation. A group of genes regulates the expression of pectinolytic enzymes. Mostly, all the enzymes share a common parallel  helix topology which consists of a single domain of parallel -strands folded into a large right-handed cylinder. These enzymes are eco-friendly tools for industrial applications and being used in various sectors like wine, food, paper industry, waste paper recycling, fruit juice preparation, processing of tea–coffee, animal feed preparation.
LANT GROWTH PROMOTING ENDOPHYTIC YEAST GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM (JX 477426) FROM ROOTS OF BRUGUIERA CYLINDRICA
Authors: Kuzhiyil George Tijith , SubaidaBeevi Shabanamol , Kalarickal Asok Aju , Manakulam Shaikmoideen Jisha
Published: October 2019

Dynamic mangrove ecosystems are fascinating sources of microorganisms which serve as an extraordinary habitat for the growth and development of many endophytic microorganisms. In this study, we isolated 16 endophytic fungi thriving in the mangrove species Bruguiera cylindrica, collected from Ayiramthengu in the state of Kerala, India. All the isolated endophytes were screened for their plant growth promoting activities (IAA, siderophore and HCN production, ACC deaminase activity) and enzyme production. Among the isolates, seven displayed only a single trait from the total plant growth promoting traits evaluated, although IAA production was a common trait observed amongst the lot. When IAA concentration was quantified in the culture medium, the isolate MEF 21 showed the highest IAA production (>45 µg/mL). The ability of MEF 21 isolate to produce IAA, both in the presence and absence of L-Tryptophan was confirmed by TLC and GC-MS analysis. The isolate also produced siderophores and displayed ACC deaminase activity. The fungus exhibited high extracellular enzyme activity such as amylase, cellulase and protease. Vigna radiata seeds were treated with culture filtrates of MEF 21 to determine its plant growth promoting ability by vigor index method. A germination percentage of 93% and a vigor index of 337.59 were displayed by MEF 21 alone. In vitro antagonistic activity was also exhibited by MEF 21 against the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris with a growth inhibition zone of 35 ± 1.5 mm diameter in the dual culture plate. This efficient plant growth promoting isolate, MEF 21, was further identified using morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic methods. Molecular identification included ITS-PCR utilizing universal primers. The PCR products were sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The isolate thus identified was Geotrichum candidum with an accession number JX 477426. These findings revealed the efficacy of the endophytic yeast, isolated from the surface sterilized root of the mangrove plant, to promote plant growth, development and protection.
¿A qué jugamos?: Conlon, Harker y sus videos de Panamá
Authors: Kupfer Mónica
Published: October 2019

Este ensayo analiza el trabajo colaborativo de los artistas Donna Conlon y Jonathan Harker. En los videos, que producen juntos, interpretan verdades sociopolíticas actuales del contexto panameño y el mundo globalizado, empleando un estilo lúdico y la estructura tradicional de los juegos, que vinculan sus obras con el concepto del arte como juego postulado por el filósofo Hans-Georg Gadamer. Conlon y Harker utilizan objets trouvées, elementos de la vida cotidiana, para crear juegos con los que confrontan asuntos de profunda importancia como la destrucción del ambiente y el patrimonio cultural de una nación, el desarrollo inmobiliario desmedido, las consecuencias sociales del consumismo y la corrupción, así como la complicada construcción de la supuesta identidad nacional. Juntos han creado un lenguaje artístico y un estilo divertido que involucran al espectador en los juegos y sus mensajes, de tal manera que la obra de arte se convierte en “una experiencia que modifica al que la experimenta”.
Rutas del conceptualismo en Guatemala (1954-2011)
Authors: Véliz María Victoria
Published: October 2019

Este ensayo explora las relaciones entre los conceptos arte político y arte como estrategia de acción política (Camnitzer, 2008), junto a los de poder sobre y poder hacer (Holloway, 2002) en Guatemala (1954-2011). Dentro de tal marco, este trabajo ubica las prácticas conceptualistas del país, mediadas por la guerra (1960-1996) y el exilio. Al tiempo que estudia el papel de Costa Rica como refugio de exiliados y como epicentro de las relaciones artísticas centroamericanas. El conceptualismo guatemalteco y el centroamericano, en general, es bastante desconocido aún, dada la falta de archivos, documentos e investigaciones que den cuentan de este período. Pese a ello, ha sido una práctica viva durante una buena parte del siglo XXI, debido a la persistencia de las condiciones sociales que le dieron origen y a las redes artísticas transnacionales que la validan. Al menos, hasta las elecciones del 2011, en Guatemala, el conceptualismo era parte, por igual, del lenguaje político y artístico.
El cine para enseñar y aprender Historia del Arte. La pintura de William Turner
Authors: Calero Ortuño Ethan , Moreno-Vera Juan Ramón
Published: October 2019

La investigación que aquí se presenta tiene por objeto analizar los resultados de aprendizaje de una experiencia didáctica en la que se ha utilizado el cine, en concreto, la película Mr. Turner (dirigida por Mike Leigh en 2014) para aprender las características de la pintura del Romanticismo con estudiantes de segundo curso de Bachillerato. La metodología empleada, poco frecuente todavía en la enseñanza del arte, ha mostrado unos resultados muy positivos en la adquisición de conocimiento por parte del alumnado, tanto para analizar la personalidad del autor como para comprender su pintura y también el mercado del arte en el que se movían los pintores de la época.
Islam and Transgender (A Study of Hadith about Transgender)
Authors: Afif Muh. Bahrul
Published: October 2019

One of the issues that have been considered in the public sphere today is the issue of the transgender phenomenon. Transgender is related to the problem of gender identity. It refers to the condition in which the perpetrators identify their identity and gender differently from their sex biologically. It's caused by dissatisfaction and incompatibility between their body and soul. The term transgender might not be so familiar in Indonesia. However, to indicate that phenomenon, some of the people called them "waria”, “priawan” or “tomboy". Generally, their existences were still hard to be accepted because Indonesian people considered this phenomenon as a deviation and it contradicts the moral value and religion in Indonesian society. In the teachings of Islam, the transgender phenomenon has been existed in the early days of the development of Islam, and it has been forbidden strictly. The Islamic view about this issue could be found in the prophet’s hadith explicitly. Hence, to understand this phenomenon, we need to study the hadith. The purpose is as a basis for addressing the transgender phenomenon that was prevalent in Indonesia. The understanding implementation of this hadith, in general, is not easy, because Indonesia is not a country that makes Islam as a formal state system. It has its perspective relate to the transgender phenomenon. Therefore, we have to contextualize this hadith understanding according to the Indonesian context, especially in dealing with transgender perpetrators.
ПРИНЦИПИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ЛАНЦЮГІВ ТОВАРНИХ РИНКІВ: КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЯ ПІДХОДІВ
Authors: О. Нікішина В.
Published: October 2019

Стаття присвячена розробці багаторівневої системи принципів формування ефективних логісти-чних ланцюгів товарних ринків та зв’язків між їх ланками. Обґрунтовано доцільність конвергенції чоти-рьох наукових підходів (відтворювального, інтеграційного, регуляторного та концепції «зеленої» економі-ки) для конструювання системи принципів формування ринкових логістичних ланцюгів. Доведено, щозазначені наукові підходи взаємопов’язані між собою єдиною відтворювальною метою – розширене від-творення товароруху в логістичних ланцюгах товарних ринків, їх ефективне функціонування й розвиток унаціональній економічній системі. Розвинуто теоретичні положення логістики в частині визначення скла-дових процесу управління ринковими логістичними ланцюгами. Обґрунтовано компоненти відтворюва-льної, інтеграційної, регуляторної та екологічної групи принципів формування ринкових логістичних лан-цюгів, розкрито сутність принципів у науковому-прикладному вимірі. На підставі емпіричних дослідженьвизначено проблеми реалізації відтворювальних принципів формування ринкових ланцюгів в українсь-ких реаліях.