bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of NAM-1 genes on the protein content in grain and productivity indices in common wheat lines with foreign genetic material introgressions in the conditions of Belarus
Authors: Orlovskaya O. A. , Vakula S. I. , Yatsevich K. K. , Khotyleva L. V. , Kilchevsky A. V.
Published: June 2023

Modern varieties of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bred mainly for high productivity are often of low grain quality. The identification of NAM-1 alleles associated with high grain protein content in wheat relatives has enhanced the significance of distant hybridization for the nutritional value of T. aestivum L. grain. In this work we aimed to study the allelic polymorphism of the NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes in wheat introgression lines and their parental forms and evaluate the effects of various NAM-1 variants on the grain protein content and productivity traits in the field conditions of Belarus. We studied parental varieties of spring common wheat, the accessions of tetraploid and hexaploid species of the genus Triticum and 22 introgression lines obtained using them (2017–2021 vegetation periods). Full-length NAM-A1 nucleotide sequences of T. dicoccoides k-5199, T. dicoccum k-45926, T. kiharae, and T. spelta k-1731 accessions were established and registered with the international molecular database GenBank. Six combinations of NAM-A1/B1 alleles were identified in the accessions studied and their frequency of occurrence varied from 40 to 3 %. The cumulative contribution of NAM-A1 and NAM-B1 genes to the variability of economically important wheat traits ranged from 8–10 % (grain weight per plant and thousand kernel weight) to up to 72 % (grain protein content). For most of the traits studied, the proportion of variability determined by weather conditions was small (1.57–18.48 %). It was shown that, regardless of weather conditions, the presence of a functional NAM-B1 allele ensures a high level of grain protein content; at the same time, it does not significantly decrease thousand kernel weight. The genotypes combining the NAM-A1d haplotype and a functional NAM-B1 allele demonstrated high levels of productivity and grain protein content. The results obtained demonstrate the effective introgression of a functional NAM-В1 allele of related species increasing the nutritional value of common wheat.
Evaluating the role of selection in the evolution of mitochondrial genomes of aboriginal peoples of Siberia
Authors: Malyarchuk B. A. , Derenko M. V.
Published: June 2023

Studies of the nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability in human populations have shown that protein­coding genes are under negative (purifying) selection, since their mutation spectra are characterized by a pro­ nounced predominance of synonymous substitutions over non­synonymous ones (Ka/Ks < 1). Meanwhile, a number of studies have shown that the adaptation of populations to various environmental conditions may be accompanied by a relaxation of negative selection in some mtDNA genes. For example, it was previously found that in Arctic populations, negative selection is relaxed in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene, which encodes one of the subunits of ATP synthase. In this work, we performed a Ka/Ks analysis of mitochondrial genes in large samples of three regional population groups in Eurasia: Siberia (N = 803), Western Asia/Transcaucasia (N = 753), and Eastern Europe (N = 707). The main goal of this work is to search for traces of adaptive evolution in the mtDNA genes of aboriginal peoples of Siberia represented by populations of the north (Koryaks, Evens) and the south of Siberia and the adjacent territory of Northeast China (Bu­ryats, Barghuts, Khamnigans). Using standard Ka/Ks analysis, it was found that all mtDNA genes in all studied regional population groups are subject to negative selection. The highest Ka/Ks values in different regional samples were found in almost the same set of genes encoding subunits of ATP synthase (ATP6, ATP8), NADH dehydrogenase complex (ND1, ND2, ND3), and cytochrome bc1 complex (CYB). The highest Ka/Ks value, indicating a relaxation of negative selection, was found in the ATP6 gene in the Siberian group. The results of the analysis performed using the FUBAR method (HyPhy software package) and aimed at searching for mtDNA codons under the influence of selection also showed the predominance of negative selection over positive selection in all population groups. In Siberian populations, nucleotide sites that are under positive selection and associated with mtDNA haplogroups were registered not in the north (which is expected under the assumption of adaptive evolution of mtDNA), but in the south of Siberia.
Effect of Soil Types on Phenology and Heat Units of Quinoa
Authors: Mobeena S. , Thavaprakaash N. , Vaiyapuri K. , Djanaguiraman M. , Geethanjali S. , Geetha P. , Sangeetha S.P.
Published: June 2023

Background: Quinoa, a promising pseudocereal crop has superior nutritional profile and able to withstand wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding the effect of different soil types on phenology and heat units is important in new crop like quinoa. Therefore, in this investigation, different soil types that widely dispersed around Coimbatore were used to evaluate the performance of quinoa on its phenology and further heat units. Methods: Pot experiment was carried out in the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif 2022 season. Eight soil types were collected from different areas around Coimbatore and tested in completely randomized design with three replications. Development of phonological stages were noted and in turn calculated heat units by using standard formulae. Result: Results of the investigation revealed that clay loam textured Ooty soils took maximum days to attain four phenological stages, viz., branching, panicle initiation, flowering and physiological maturity of quinoa than other soils. Similarly, more heat units (Growing Degree Days, Helio Thermal Units, Photo Thermal Units and Relative Temperature Disparity) were recorded with the soils collected from Ooty when compared to other soils. Sandy loam soils of Mettupalayam registered the least number of days to attain different developmental stages and also recorded the lowest heat units of quinoa. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that among eight different soils, the growth of quinoa was prolonged in clay loam textured Ooty soils and correlation with yield indicated that extending duration enhanced the yield.
Salinity Temporal Evolution Assessment under Mediterranean Conditions
Authors: Hadj-Miloud Samir , Ouamerali Abdelkarim , Aichouni Becherki Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Background: The present study aims to study the temporal evolution of the salinity of three profiles of Solonchaks which are in the region of Rélizane (Algeria). The aim is to determine the temporal changes in salinity between 2010 and 2014, by comparing saline profiles to determine the direction and intensity of variation in soil salinity. Methods: The experiment was carried out on three soil profiles (Solonchaks) which are located in the perimeter of the Mina which is located in the Bas-Chélif. Result: The study of the temporal evolution of salinity showed that the majority of horizons underwent desalination between the 2010 and 2014 campaign. This desalination occurred at a speed between 3.67 and 10.74 dS m-1 per year. This would be due to a partial leaching of salts from the surface horizons during the rainy season. The soils studied are marked by a higher salinity during the 2010 compared to the 2014 campaign. The principal component analysis (PCA) reveals that the chemical elements of the soil solution have the most weight on the variability of salinity, and the Wilcoxon test reveals that the difference between the EC of the 2010 campaign and that of 2014 is significant.
Impact of Chickpea Varieties and Sowing Dates on Pod Borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors: Randhawa H.S. , Kaur Charanjeet , Singh Guriqbal , Taggar G.K.
Published: June 2023

Background: Global warming and climate change will have a major bearing on population and incidence of insect-pests and their associated yield and quality losses in different crops. In chickpea, a number of insect-pests are observed which mainly limit its production and productivity. Among these, gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major and prominent pest in different chickpea growing areas of the country. The increased demand of residue free crop produce will definitely motivate farmers to select alternative management strategies instead of insecticides for management of insect-pests. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of different chickpea varieties at different dates of sowing on the population and incidence of gram pod borer. Methods: The present study was conducted at Regional Research Station, PAU-Gurdaspur during Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to determine the effect of chickpea varieties (PBG 7 and PBG 8) and different sowing dates viz. 25thOctober, 05, 15 and 25thNovember on the larval population and per cent pod borer infestation of Helicoverpa armigera. Result: It was concluded that both the tested chickpea varieties had non-significant effect on population of pod borer, pod damage and gram yield. However, the pod borer’s larval population and pod infestation decreased across sowing dates from last week of October to last week of November. The mean larval population and incidence of H. armigera decreased with a delay in time of sowing i.e. 7.88 and 5.29 larvae/3 rows and 62.96 and 42.27% pod damage in the 25thOctober and 25thNovember sown crop, respectively. The maximum grain yield (17.45 q/ha) was obtained from 15th November sown crop.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Principal Component Analysis for Yield Related Traits in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Akshaya M. , Geetha K. , Nirmalakumari A. , Sharavanan P.T. , Sivakumar C. , Parasuraman P.
Published: June 2023

Background: Pigeon pea is an economical source of protein cultivated in arid and semi arid tropical areas of the world. Genetic improvement mainly depends upon the amount of genetic variability available in the population. It is necessary for a breeder to understand the extent of genotypic and phenotypic variation among the germplasm to design an effective breeding programme. Methods: Eighty pigeon pea genotypes were evaluated for their variability with regard to yield and yield contributing traits. The experiment was carried out at Regional Research Station, Paiyur during 2021-2022 following randomized block design with two replications. Result: The traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and single plant yield can be improved following simple selection method as they exhibited high variability in combination with high heritability and genetic advance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three significant principal components (PCs), which accounted for 81.24% of phenotypic variation among the studied genotypes. The traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and hundred seed weight had significantly positive association and positive direct effect with yield. Hence, these traits can be used as good selection criteria for yield improvement.
Guest Service Management among Hotels and Restaurants in Butuan City
Authors: LUSPO CHRISTIAN , REMETIO AMANI CHARLES , SADIAL BENJE POLL , PABATANG MARICEL
Published: June 2023

Measuring the quality of Services in Hotels and Restaurants enhances staffs and employees' capability and performance. The study attempts to examine the presence of the services as to Warm environment of hospitality, excellence in guest service skill and Rewards to guest satisfaction, and to determine the level of guest satisfaction with it in connection to Confirmation/Disconfirmation Theory offered by the Hotels and Restaurants in Butuan City. The respondents were the guest who visited the Hotels and Restaurants in Butuan City. Statistical tools used to test the hypothesis were frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and chisquare. The study aimed to identify the level of guest satisfaction of the services offered and identify the pinpoint areas to be improved. Furthermore, the result of this study can help and keep as the basis of the hotel to fully develop and maintain a good quality of service. The researchers found that the services of Hotels and Restaurants in Butuan City are moderately Satisfy the guest who visits the hotel and restaurant. Therefore, staff and employees should enhance, facilitate, and continue to exert effort in serving a guest.
POST EVENT-CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PERCEPTION SURVEY: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY IN CARDIAC PATIENTS POST HEART EVENT
Authors: Prue-Owens Kathy , Lindsay Keston , Graham Helen , Ramesh Mythreyi , Justus Dana , Loy Kelsey , Harding-Isidore Annmarie , Angeles Evelyn , Faulkender Melanie , Sublett Karen , Asakura Yuki
Published: June 2023

Background:Cardiac risk perception in patients who had a heart event is unknown.Purpose:Evaluate the validity and reliability of the Post Event-Cardiovascular Risk Perception Survey (PE-CRPS).Methods:This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 251 patients who experienced a heart event. Descriptive and exploratory factor analyses was used to analyze the data.Results:Nine of ten items with an oblique (direct oblimin) rotation resulted in two factors extracted, which explained 54% of the variance. The two factors represented perception of medical history variable and a stress/family history variable. Cronbach’s α reliability analyses indicated both factors were reliable; strongly related with a correlation of .69 and .81.Conclusion:Cardiovascular risk perception explained by two factors.
Social Work Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Therapeutic Yoga
Authors: Gladden Jessica , Yatesha Robinson Yatesha , Freed Alexis
Published: June 2023

Body-based interventions such as yoga are becoming increasingly common as evidence-based practices in social work and therapeutic treatment. However, yoga is rarely taught as a therapeutic practice in social work educational programs. This study examined social work students’ knowledge and interest in yoga as both a physical exercise and therapeutic approach. 213 social work students from two mid- to large- sized universities in a Midwest state completed a survey. The survey results showed that students are interested in participating in yoga as well as learning yoga as a therapeutic approach for their clinical practice. A few students noted concerns about cultural appropriation and using interventions to fit the individual client. Training in yoga as a therapeutic intervention could be added into existing social work programs to increase the ability of future social workers to provide this intervention to their clients.
Revisão historiográfica: o estado da questão
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Miyoshi Alexander Gaiotto , Dazzi Camila Carneiro ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cardoso Renata Gomes ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: June 2023

Apresentação e programação do I Encontro de História da Arte.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASHLESS PAYMENT SYSTEM IN THE MSMES SECTOR IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS TO ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY (CASE STUDY OF POSBLOC MEDAN CITY)
Authors: Fauja Zalika , Nasution Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy , Dharma Budi
Published: June 2023

The development of the digital economy presents new, increasingly diverse financial service products. One of them is non-cash payments or cashless payments, which are the latest innovations and are increasingly prevalent in buying and selling payments to MSMEs. This study aims to find out how the Cashless system is implemented in the MSME sector in the city of Medan, then to find out how the Islamic economic perspective is in implementing the Cashless payment system. This study uses a qualitative research method with data collection techniques, namely by observation, interviews, documentation on the UMKM posbloc in Medan city as well as a study of the literature to be analyzed with the author's observations to answer the formulation of the problem on this problem. The results of this study show that the Cashless system used by the Medan city posbloc is in several ways, namely debit cards, credit cards or by scanning the QRIS code (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard). APMK (Payment using a card) or with a QRIS scan which has been promoted by Bank Indonesia provides convenience in making transactions with a cashless system without cash more efficiently and effectively. According to the Islamic economic perspective, QRIS is permissible because there is no usury in buying and selling payments to MSMEs. However, there are still a number of obstacles in the implementation of the cashless posbloc payment system in Medan city, one of which is the internet which is not stable enough, and the lack of outreach.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MASLAHAH MURSALAH IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY OF WASTE OF UKM TEMPE BERKAH IN HAMPARAN PERAK VILLAGE
Authors: Diana Hus , Harahap Isnaini
Published: June 2023

This study aims to implement maslahah mursalah in the Circular Economy of UKM Tempe Berkah waste in Hamparan Perak Village by focusing on 3 elements in it, namely hifdzu an-nafs (care of the soul), hifdzu al-mal (maintenance of assets) and hifdzu al-bi'ah (maintenance of environment). This study used a descriptive qualitative research method, with primary and secondary data sources used as data sources. Data collection techniques were used in the form of interviews, observation, and direct surveys. In addition, data collection techniques were also obtained from several selected sources as additional information in this study. The results of the study showed that the implementation of Maslahah Mursalah in the Circular Economy of UKM Tempe Berkah, Hamparan Perak in the element of hifdzu an-nafs (care of the soul) can provide comfort and maintain health for employees, the community, and the surrounding environment from the dangers of pollution. And able to help the community in meeting its basic needs. Then, the implementation of Maslahah Mursalah on the Circular Economy of waste of UKM Tempe Berkah in Hamparan Perak Village in the element of hifdzu al-mal (maintenance of assets), where UKM Tempe Berkah obtains their assets in a good way through buying and selling, using the assets following sharia and there is no element of appropriation other people's assets because they can provide appropriate salaries to their employees so that no one feels abused. And the implementation of Maslahah Mursalah in the Circular Economy of UKM Tempe Berkah's waste in Hamparan Perak Village in the element of hifdzu al-bi'ah (environmental care), namely Tempe Berkah UKM can minimize environmental pollution by managing and utilizing its waste, both solid waste and liquid waste, so as not to cause damage to society and the environment.
Screening of Blood Glucose Concentration in Domestic Cat (Felis Catus) Based on Body Condition Score, Breed, and Sex Using Portable Blood Glucose Meter
Authors: Billa Lutfiah Annisa , Triakoso Nusdianto , Rachmawati Kadek , Yuniarti Wiwik Misaco , Aksono Eduardus Bimo , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari
Published: June 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common endocrine disease in domestic cats. Breed, sex, being overweight to an extent of obesity are predisposing factors for developing T2DM. One of the most common laboratory analyses conducted to confirm this disease is blood glucose concentrations. The aim of this research is to determine blood glucose concentration in domestic cats based on BCS, breed, and sex using a portable blood glucose meter. Research samples were obtained by taking blood samples from the marginal ear vein of 131 domestic cats that matched the sample’s criteria, took at 2-hours post prandial, and drip onto the Sinocare strip. The results showed that the average blood glucose concentration was in the normal range, with a total of ideal (BCS ≥3/5) domestic cats (n=43) was 75.74 mg/dL, overweight (BCS ≥4/5) domestic cats (n=44) was 78.23 mg/dL, obese (BCS ≥5/5) domestic cats (n=44) was 89.66 mg/dL, male (n=51) was 80.57 mg/dL, female (n=80) was 81.69 mg/dL, Mixed Breed (n= 119) was 81.03 mg/dL, Angora (n=5) was 84.20 mg/dL, Persian (n=6) was 81.50 mg/dL and Ragdoll (n=1) was 92 mg/dL. Pearson correlation showed BCS (r=0.403; p= 0.000) had a moderate, positive, and significant correlation with blood glucose concentration in domestic cats. Meanwhile, the results of Kendall’s Tau correlation showed that breed (p=0.740) and sex (p=0.555) had insignificant correlation with blood glucose concentration in domestic cats.
The Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Ketapang Leaves (Terminalia catappa L.) as a Larvicidal Against Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Dwi Ananda Novita , Rachmawati Kadek , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Hidajanti Nove , Meles Dewa Ketut
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) on mortality and histopathology of Ae. aegypti instar III as an effort to control Ae. aegypti as a disease vector without causing resistance to the larvae. The extraction process uses the maceration method. This type of research is a laboratory experiment with research subjects Ae. aegypti instar III of 700 individuals, which were divided into 7 treatment groups (1 negative control group using distilled water and 1% DMSO, 1 positive control group using 1000 ppm abate, ethanol extract of ketapang leaves with concentrations of 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm, 3500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 7000 ppm) and 4 repetitions. The results of this study indicate that the negative control (K-) mortality rate is 0% and the positive control (K+) mortality percentage is 100%. The results of the ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) on the mortality of Ae. aegypti instar III in treatment one (P1) the percentage of mortality was 17%, treatment two (P2) the percentage of mortality was 21%, treatment three (P3) the percentage of mortality was 23%, treatment four (P4) the percentage of mortality was 27%, and treatment five (P5) the percentage of mortality is 42%. Histopathological observations on larvae that died after being exposed to ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) for 24 hours damaged the basement membrane, peritropic membrane and epithelial cells. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa) is effective as a larvicidal against Ae. aegypti instar III but can cause damage to the midgut and cause death of the larvae.
The Effect of Administration of Ethanol Extract of Mimosa pudica L. Herbs on The Organ Index and Histology of Spleen of Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Dolu Maria Novita
Published: June 2023

Mimosa Pudica L. is one of the plants that can be used as a traditional medicine which can be used also as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. In the studies of acute toxicity test, Mimosa Pudica L did not cause toxic. This study aimed to investigate the sub-chronic toxicity of Mimosa Pudica L to the spleen index and histology of the spleen of mice which included the observation of follicular diameter and the center of the germ. This test method referred to the OECD 407 (1995) conducted for 28 days with 7 treatment groups and consist of 1 control group , 3 treatment groups and three groups of satellites with a dose of 400 mg / kg , 600 mg / kg and 900 mg / kg. In the satellite group, there was an advance observation for 14 days without any treatment to see whether there was an effect of improvement or not. The results showed that the average value of the index spleen was getting smaller. The data were analyzed with test of homogenety of variances (levene test) showed a similarity of data variance between groups (P > 0.050). The mean value of the index spleen showed there was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The highest mean value of the follicle diameter was in the negative control. Data was analyzed by non- parametric tests Kruskal - Wallis because it did not show the similarity of variance (P < 0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The satellite group with the dose of 600 mg / kg gave the effect of improvement on the center germinal diameter. The results of the study conveniently indicated that there was no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05). The conclusion of this study was the ethanol extract of the herb Mimosa Pudica L. orally did not leave a distinct meaningful difference or did not affect the spleen index and picture spleen histology.
Anthelmintic Potential of Unriped Banana Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) Extract Against Ascaris suum In Vitro
Authors: Muhammad Ubaid Khoir
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to determine concentration, soaking time, interaction between concentration and soaking time of methanol extract of kepok banana unriped fruit to cause death toward Ascaris suum in vitro. Research design that has been used in the research was completely randomized design. This research used 300 samples of Ascaris suum with length 10-20 cm without differentiating their sex. Concentration of methanol extract of kepok banana unriped fruit were 10%, 20% and 40%. Physiological NaCl, CMC-Na and Piperazine citrate 10 mg/ml were being used as control. Each treatment then being replicated five times. The observation and recording of dead worm were done at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Ascaris suum were declared dead if there was no movement while disturbed by anatomy tweezers and dipped in slightly warm water (50 ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test by SPSS 26 for Windows. The result was 40% concentration and exposure time for 10 hours caused the most mortality toward Ascaris suum. Interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted 40% concentration methanol extract of unriped kepok banana fruit in 10 hours caused the most mortality towards Ascaris suum.
Serodetection of Brucellosis using Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) Method in Dairy Cattle in Banyuwangi
Authors: Estiary Wilujeng
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research to detect antibodies of the Bacteria Brucella in dairy cattle in Banyuwangi District using serological test. Serological tests that used in this research was Rose Bengal Test (RBT) to screening and than confirmed by Complement Fixation Test (CFT). Sample was determined by Slovin formula with a sample size of 84 samples from 516 dairy cattle of the Banyuwangi District and were taken by random. The samples in this reasearch were collected from serum of Dairy catlle. The method that used in this research was descriptive and analysis method with quantitative approach. Supporting information obtained from interviews. The results of this research was found that 2 sample positive Brucellosis that was tested by RBT and CFT. RBT is a screening test that can give a false positif, and then to confirmed that use CFT that can show difference titer result of vaccinated and natural infection. The incidence rate of the Brucellosis in the Banyuwangi District was 2%.
RNA antisense and silencing strategies using synthetic drugs for rare muscular and neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Scherman Daniel
Published: June 2023

Rare diseases occur in their large majority from a genetic cause, which makes them good candidates for genetic RNA drugs. The basic concepts, principles, mechanisms of action and chemical optimizations of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are illustrated. These drugs act either by leading to RNA degradation, or as steric blockers of RNA translation, microRNA antagonists, splicing modulators or inducers of exon skipping. Chemical modifications and delivery techniques differ and are adapted to their distinct functions. The successes, potential, and challenges of synthetic RNA drugs are illustrated for several muscular and neuromuscular diseases: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, transthyretin amyloidosis, Type 1 myotonic dystrophy, centronuclear myopathy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
Metales interesantes de la familia III A: contaminación, toxicocinética y genotoxicidad del galio, indio y talio
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, López Lanuza Alejandra , Mateos Nava Rodrigo Aníbal ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Álvarez Barrera Lucila ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Rodríguez Mercado Juan José ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: June 2023

El galio (Ga), indio (In) y talio (Tl) son tres metales pertenecientes a la familia 13 (IIIA) de la tabla periódica de los elementos químicos y por sus múltiples aplicaciones industriales, tecnológicas, agrícolas y médicas, se ha propiciado el incremento de su presencia en el ambiente y en los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, ninguno tiene funciones biológicas reconocidas. La presente revisión se realizó con la finalidad de compilar la información disponible sobre la contaminación, exposición humana, toxicocinética y genotoxicidad del Ga, In y Tl en estado de oxidación +3. El Ga3+, In3+ y Tl3+ tienen propiedades particulares que influyen en su mecanismo de acción, tal como la composición química, la solubilidad y el tamaño de la partícula; las cuales a su vez participan en los procesos de inducción de toxicidad. Varios de sus efectos están asociados con la ruta de exposición, su absorción y entrada a la célula, la capacidad de desbalancear la homeostasis oxidante-antioxidante, alterar las funciones moleculares y generar toxicidad celular. Asimismo, la capacidad de generar daño a las biomoléculas, entre ellas el ADN. En general, los estudios realizados sobre el Ga3+, In3+ y Tl3+ demuestran su capacidad de inducir varios efectos adversos que pueden repercutir en la salud humana.
Parametric Optimization in 3D Printed Tablets Using Statistical Methods of Experimental Design
Authors: Ozon Emma Adriana , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Sarbu Iulian , Popovici Violeta , Pop Anca Lucia , Lupuliasa Dumitru
Published: June 2023

Recently, 3D printing techniques gained much attention in solid dosage form production. Even though the methods are increasingly studied, there are still many challenges in establishing an accurate content of active ingredients in the final products. In the present study, new experimental design techniques and statistical software were developed to identify and optimize a formula to predict the mass of the tablet to be 3D printed before it actually is. The first step was to develop a virtual 3D object in the FreeCad Software, then, using a CURA slicer software, the G-code Format was obtained. The tablets were printed using a Cartesian 3D printer based on the generated data. Finally, adapting the object sequencing mode, a predicted drug mass value was obtained. As expected, the oblong tablet's scaling directly influences its mass. The software generates a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.84, confirming the directly proportional relationship between scaling and tablet weight. However, the r values progressively decreased, indicating a poor correlation between tablet weight and other factors: infill density percent (r = 0.403) and wall thickness (r = 0.185). After repeating the 3D printing with the values ​​suggested by the software, tablets with a practical value of 1066 mg were obtained. Considering that the confidence interval calculated is [834.95—1165.05] and the experimental value is 1066 mg, it can be certified that the proposed model is valid.
Carbon saving potential of urban parks in the Central Plains City: A High Spatial Resolution Study Using a Forest City, Shangqiu, China as a Lens
Authors: Gao Jianwei , Han Haiting , Ge Shidong
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the potential for carbon reduction in urban parks in Shangqiu City using high-resolution remote sensing imagery. The aim is to guide modern urban carbon neutrality strategies. The carbon reduction potential is estimated based on the mitigation of the urban heat island effect by park greenery, which reduces energy consumption. The parks are regarded as cool island centers, and 100 cooling gradients are gradually formed outward until the temperature reaches that of impermeable urban surfaces. The energy saved by the parks in mitigating the heat island effect is statistically calculated as the carbon reduction potential of urban park greenery. Additionally, this article classifies the sample parks into different categories and selects 26 landscape metrics to analyze their relationship with carbon-saving potential and driving factors.
Study of 6√3 Reconstruction Conversion on the of 4H-SiC(0001) Surface to Quasi-free Epitaxial Graphene with Electron Diffraction
Authors: Kotousova Irina Sergeevna , Lebedev Sergey Pavlovich , Antipov Vladimir Viktorovich , Lebedev Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: June 2023

A structural study of the 6√3 reconstruction conversion on 4H-SiC substrate surface in an Ar medium with a short sublimation annealing time into quasi-free epitaxial graphene by means of hydrogen intercalation between the upper layer of SiC and the adjacent reconstructed layer was carried out using the technique of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) characterizing the surface of a crystalline material. A slight violation of the 6√3 reconstruction layer formation uniformity was found. The results of the study of the crystal structure of quasi-free graphene and single-layer graphene comprising a buffer layer formed on 4H-SiC in the traditional way in an Ar atmosphere without intercalation were compared.
Neurotrophic Viruses in the Pathogenesis of ALS
Authors: Lombard Jay , Klein Andres D.
Published: June 2023

Treatment of neurological disease is hampered by the lack of validated specific and sensitive biomarkers, resulting in delayed diagnosis and nonspecific disease modifying therapies. For example, in ALS the lack of a sensitive and specific biomarker impedes the ability to administer a treatment prior to or at the onset of motor neuron dysfunction. Although viral or other infectious etiologies have been proposed as a contributing factor to neurodegeneration, it can be argued that these are casual and not causal associations. In the case of ALS, evidence for direct causality would require in vivo validation of specific nucleotide sequences of microbial origin which are known to be neuroinvasive with tropism for motor neurons, such as polio and non-polio. Several viral enteropathogens recapitulate the pathological events in sporadic ALS, including the ability to cleave TDP-43 resulting in accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm. This review provides supporting evidence that motor neuron disease is causally related to specific enteroviruses and argues that prospective validation is imperative for effective prevention and treatment.
Applicability of Diagnostic Criteria and Prevalence of Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia in Russia
Authors: Blokhina Anastasia V. , Ershova Alexandra I. , Kiseleva Anna V. , Sotnikova Evgeniia A. , Zharikova Anastasia A. , Zaicenoka Marija , Vyatkin Yuri V. , Ramensky Vasily E. , Kutsenko Vladimir A. , Shalnova Svetlana A. , Meshkov Alexey N. , Drapkina Oxana M.
Published: June 2023

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) is a highly atherogenic genetically-based lipid disorder with the underestimated actual prevalence. In the recent years, several biochemical algorithms have been developed to diagnose FD using available laboratory tests. However, there is not enough data on their use in real-world clinical implementation. We studied the applicability of the most accessible biochemical algorithms to diagnose FD in clinical practice. We also investi-gated the prevalence of FD in one of the European regions of Russia based on a population sample. In this study there was detected a high prevalence of FD: 1 in 151. We demonstrated that the diagnostic algorithms of FD including a diagnostic apoB levels require correction, taking into account the characteristics of the distribution of apoB levels in the population. At the same time a triglycerides cutoff ≥1.5 mmol/L may be a useful tool in identifying subjects with FD. We also analyzed the presence and pathogenicity of APOE variants associated with the autosomal dominant FD in a large research sample.
Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico
Authors: Ángeles-Hurtado L. , Rodríguez Juvenal , Romero-Zepeda Hilda , Torres-Salinas H. , García-Martínez R. , Salas-Aguilar Silvia
Published: June 2023

This article seeks to strengthen efforts in technological developments based on the classification of PET plastic that positively impacts sustainable development and contributes to suitable solutions in collection centers in Mexico.
Three experiment designs and machine learning tools for data processing were developed.
For the experimentation, three factors were considered: the bottle's size, the amount of liquids inside the bottle, and the label on the bottle.
The first experiment was to identify the distance of the sensor from post-consumer PET bottles.
The second experiment was to determine the detection ability of the sensor with different levels of liquids inside the bottles, and the third was to determine the detection ability on the bottle labels.
A digital lux meter on a microcontroller was developed to monitor illuminance on post-consumer PET plastic when it contains liquid as it passes through a conveyor belt for processing at an average rate of three bottles per second.
With the implemented methodology, liquids were satisfactorily detected inside the transparent PET bottles when they had beverages between 25% and 100% of their capacity.
Finally, this paper highlights that it is possible to implement an affordable design to identify bottles with liquids for collection centers.
Investigation of Following Vehicle Driving Pattern using Spectral Analysis Techniques
Authors: Chae Chandle , Kim Yongho
Published: June 2023

The key to ensuring the sustainability of transportation operations on the roads is to manage traffic flows homogeneously. By homogenizing the behavior of various drivers, traffic operation can be optimized, and traffic safety can be improved. However, the advent of autonomous vehicles is expected to have a major impact on the homogeneity of sustainable transportation operations. In this study, a method of driving in harmony with surrounding vehicles was studied to minimize the impact of autonomous vehicles on current traffic operation. In particular, in this study, a methodology was developed to optimize the driving behavior of autonomous vehicles by analyzing the driving behavior of following vehicles using spectrum analysis. Specifically, a method for calculating three indicators that can analyze the driving behavior of a following vehicle, such as reaction time, stimulus adaptation index, and collision risk avoidance index, was proposed. These indices produced consistent and robust results for all traffic conditions. If these indicators are used, it is expected that sustainable traffic management will be possible even when autonomous vehicles and human drivers are mixed on the road.
Flowering Phenology of Olive Cultivars in Two Climates Zones with Contrasting Temperatures (Subtropical and Mediterranean)
Authors: Medina-Alonso María Guacimara , Cabezas José María , Ríos–Mesa Domingo , Lorite Ignacio J. , León Lorenzo , De la Rosa Raúl
Published: June 2023

The olive wide genetic variability can be used to overcome some of the challenges faced by olive growing, including climate warming. One effect of climate warming in olive is the difficulty to fulfill the chilling requirements for flowering due to high winter temperatures. In the present work, we evaluate seven olive cultivars for their adaptation to high winter temperatures by comparing their flowering phenology in the standard Mediterranean climate of Cordoba, Southern Iberian Peninsula, with the Subtropical climate of Tenerife, Canary Islands. Flowering phenology in Tenerife was significantly earlier and longer than in Cordoba. However, genotype seems to have little influence on the effects of lack of winter chilling temperatures as in Tenerife. This even though the cultivars studied have a high genetic distance between them. In fact, all the cultivars tested in Tenerife flowered the three years under study but showing asynchronous flowering bud burst. Only ‘Arbequina’ showed an earlier day of full flowering than the rest of cultivars. The results observed here could be of interest to refine the phenological simulation models and including of the length of the flowering period. More genetic variability should be evaluated in warm winter conditions to look for adaptation to climate warming.
Scalability of Cyber-Physical Systems in Mixed Reality Experiences in ROS 2
Authors: Mañas-Álvarez Francisco José , Guinaldo María , Dormido Raquel , Dormido-Canto Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are composed of more and more agents and the demand for designers to develop ever larger multi-agent systems is a fact. When the number of agents increases, several challenges related to control or communication problems arise due to the lack of scalability of existing solutions. It is important to develop tools that allow control strategies evaluation of large-scale systems.
In this paper, it is considered that a CPS is a heterogeneous robot multi-agent system that cooperatively performs a formation task through a wireless network. The goal of this research is to evaluate the system's performance when the number of agents increases. To this end, two different mixed reality frameworks developed with the open-source tools Gazebo and Webots are used. These frameworks enable combining both real and virtual agents in a realistic scenario allowing scalability experiences. They also reduce the costs required when a significant number of robots operate in a real environment, as experiences can be conducted with a few real robots and a higher number of virtual robots by mimicking the real ones. Currently, the frameworks include several types of robots being the aerial robot Crazyflie 2.1 and differential mobile robots Khepera IV those used in this work. To illustrate the usage and performance of the frameworks, an event-based control strategy for rigid formations varying the number of agents is analyzed. The agents should achieve a formation defined by a set of desired Euclidean distances to their neighbors. To compare the scalability of the system in the two different tools, the following metrics have been used: formation error, CPU usage percentage, and the ratio between the real-time and the simulation time.
The results show the feasibility of using Robot Operating System (ROS) 2 in distributed architectures for multi-agent systems in mixed reality experiences regardless of the number of agents and their nature. However, the two tools under study present different behaviors when the number of virtual agents grows in some of the parameters, and such discrepancies are analyzed.
Ferroptosis in Cancer Progression
Authors: Zhang Rongyu , Chen Jinghong , Wang Saiyang , Zhang Wenlong , Zheng Quan , Cai Rong
Published: June 2023

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by phospholipid peroxidation, associated with processes including iron overload, lipid peroxidation and dysfunction of cellular antioxidant systems. Ferroptosis is found closely related to many diseases including cancer, at its every stage. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in malignant tumors that originate from epithelia promotes cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis by disrupting cell-cell and cell-martrix junctions, cell polarity, etc. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis appears to share multiple initiators and overlapping pathways with EMT in cancers and identify ferroptosis as a potential predictor of various cancer grade and prognosis. Cancer metastasis involves multiple steps including local invasion of cancer cells, intravasation, survival in circulation, arrest at a distant organ site, extravasation and adaptation to foreign tissue microenvironments, angiogenesis and the formation of “premetastatic niche”. Numerous studies have revealed that ferroptosis is closely associated with cancer metastasis. From the cellular perspective, ferroptosis has been implicated in the regulation of cancer metastasis. From the molecular perspective, the signaling pathways activated during the two events interweave. This review briefly introduces the mechanisms of ferroptosis, and discusses how ferroptosis is involved in cancer progression including EMT, cancer angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis.
Analysis of the Heart Rate of Operators of Forwarding Machines during Timber Forwarding and the Dependence of Its Values on the Performed Work Activities
Authors: Sláma David , Mergl Václav , Pavlíková Eva Abramuszkinová
Published: June 2023

This work deals with finding out whether the heart rate values of operators of forwarding machines during the work shift are influenced by the individual activities that the operator has to perform during timber skidding, or by the operators themselves. Furthermore, the work deals with determining the difficulty of individual activities in terms of physical load. For this purpose, the work shift of operators carrying out timber skidding was divided into individual activities: Driving, Maintenance, Forwarding, Break. During these work activities, the heart rate of each operator was taken for subsequent evaluation. The results show that the highest pulse rates of the operators were achieved during the Maintenance of the entrusted machine, while the highest pulse fluctuations in the operators were recorded during Forwarding. As part of this activity, the highest heart rate of the entire measurement process was recorded (132.0000 bpm), but also the lowest (42.0000 bpm). Furthermore, it was proven that both the operator and the activity he performs affect the pulse rate. The activities themselves did not differ from each other in only one of the six cases of comparison. Specifically, it was Driving and Forwarding.
Incipient Inter Turn Short Circuit Fault Detection on Induction Motors Through Data Fusion and Statistical Machine Learning Strategy
Authors: Jaen-Cuellar Arturo Yosimar , Saucedo-Dorantes Juan Jose , Elvira-Ortiz David Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Electrical rotating machines like Induction Motors (IMs) are widely used in several industrial applications since their robust elements, provide high efficiency and give versatility in industrial applications. Nevertheless, the occurrence of faults in IMs is inherent to their operating conditions, hence, Inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) is one of the most common failures that affect IMs and its appearance is due to electrical stresses leads to the degradation of the stator winding insulation. In this regard, this work proposes a diagnosis methodology for the assessment and detection of incipient ITSC in IMs, the proposed method is based on the processing of vibration, stator currents and magnetic stray-flux signals. Certainly, the novelty and contribution include the characterization of different physical magnitudes by estimating a set of statistical time domain features, as well as, their fusion and reduction through the Linear discriminant Analysis technique within a feature-level fusion approach. Furthermore, the fusion and reduction of information from different physical magnitudes leads to perform the automatic fault detection and identification by a simple Neural-Network (NN) structure. The proposed method is evaluated under a complete set of experimental data and the obtained results demonstrate that the fusion of information from different sources (physical magnitudes) allows to improve the accuracy during the detection of ITSC in IMs , the results make this proposal feasible to be incorporated as a part of condition-based maintenance programs in the industry.