bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient encoder-decoder network based on multi-scale edge enhancement and dense connectivity for LDCT image denoising
Authors: Jia Lina , He Xu , Huang Aimin , Jia Beibei , Xinfeng Wang
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the problem of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) image quality degradation, this paper proposes a highly efficient encoder decoder CNN network(HEDCNN) based on multi-scale edge enhancement and dense connectivity. Firstly, The network uses the multi-scale feature learnable edge enhancement block to extract the edge information of the original image and fuses it into all the network model through dense connectivity, which enhances the ability of the network to recover the edge information. Secondly, this network uses hybrid dilated convolution to achieve multi-scale receptive field coverage and improve the model's ability to process details. Finally uses the multi-scale reconstruction block to help the network to reconstruct the recovered image. A compound loss that combines the Huber loss and the SSIM loss is introduced to overcome the problem of the model's over-smoothing, and to strengthen the network's denoising ability. The performance of the proposed method is validated and evaluated based on the LDCT Challenge Abdomen data set from the AAPM-Mayo clinic. Compared with state-of-the-art model designs in different architectures, HEDCNN achieves optimal metrics without a large number of learned parameters, 33.6653 for PSNR, 8.4334 for RMSE, and 0.9138 for SSIM. The experiments demonstrate that the designed HEDCNN is a excellent model for noise suppression and structure preservation.
Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT-based deep learning radiomics model for distinguishing retroperitoneal lipomas and well‑differentiated liposarcomas
Authors: Xu Jun , Miao Lei , Wang Chen-xi , Wang Hong-hao , Wang Qi-zheng , Li Meng , Chen Hai-song , Lang Ning
Published: March 2024

Objectives To assess the efficacy of a preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) –based deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) for predicting murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene amplification as a means of distinguishing between retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS) and lipomas.
Methods This retrospective multi-centre study included 167 patients (training/external test cohort, 104/63) with MDM2-positive WDLPS or MDM2-negative lipomas. Clinical data and CECT features were independently measured and analysed by two radiologists. A clinical model, radiomics signature (RS), deep learning and radiomics signature (DLRS), and a DLRN incorporating radiomics and deep learning features were developed to differentiate between WDLPS and lipoma. Model utility was evaluated on the basis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results In the external test cohort, the DLRN showed a higher AUC (0.861; 95% confidence interval, 0.737-0.985), accuracy (0.810), and net benefit than the RS, DLRS, and clinical model. The calibration curve analysis and DCA demonstrated that the nomogram exhibited good calibration and offered substantial clinical advantages.
Conclusions The DLRN can accurately distinguish between WDLPS and retroperitoneal lipomas by predicting MDM2 amplification status.
Clinical relevance statement The DLRN shows good diagnostic capability in predicting WDLPS and retroperitoneal lipomas preoperatively. It holds promise as an imaging biomarker for facilitating personalised management and precision medicine.
Application of Dual-Energy CT for assessing bone mineral density in ancient human skeletal remains
Authors: Yi Min , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Quanchao , Qin Yanguo
Published: March 2024

Evaluating the bone quality of archaeological remains can provide valuable insights into the lifestyle and health of ancient hominins. Archaeologists have attempted various non-destructive techniques to accurately quantify bone mass, but each method has its limitations and its accuracy is debated. We utilized dual-energy CT to evaluate the bone density of 30 hominid individuals ranging from the Late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. Our results show that compared with single-energy CT, dual-energy CT color-coded imaging can better display the preservation of cancellous bone in the medullary cavity. The virtual calcium measurement technology based on air-water substance can assess the bone calcium content, and the virtual calcium value can accurately show the bone loss pattern of trabecular bone related to age, with the measurement demonstrating good repeatability. The color-coded imaging technique and virtual calcium value technique of dual-energy CT are a reliable and non-invasive technique to evaluate the quality of ancient human bone.
Nomograms predicting benefit after immunotherapy in oral bifidobacteria supplementation ICC patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhu Sihui , Jin Yuncheng , Zhang Juan , Zhou Minzheng , Liu Baorui , Liu Xiufeng , Shen Jie , Chen Chao
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop nomograms for predicting outcomes following immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).
Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 75 ICC patients who received immunotherapy at Jinling Hospital and Drum Hospital. The discriminative power, accuracy, and clinical applicability of the nomograms were assessed using the consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The predictive performance of the nomograms for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier curves were also generated for validation purposes.
Results: Multivariable analysis identified independent prognostic factors for OS, including CA19-9, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) grade, bifidobacteria, and surgery. The C-index of the nomogram for OS prediction was 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.661-0.783). Independent prognostic factors for PFS included CA19-9, albumin, and bilirubin, with a C-index of 0.678 (95% CI: 0.612-0.743) for the nomogram predicting PFS. Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed values, while DCA and Kaplan-Meier curves further supported the clinical applicability of the nomogram.
Conclusion: The nomogram developed in this study exhibited favorable performance in predicting the prognosis of ICC patients undergoing immunotherapy. Additionally, our findings, for the first time, identified probiotics as a potential prognostic marker for immunotherapy. This prognostic model has the potential to enhance patient selection for immunotherapy and improve clinical decision-making.
Mesolithic hazelnut roasting – Experiments and their implications on subsistence and consumption strategies
Authors: Holst Daniela , Hecker Ruth , Hein Wulf
Published: March 2024

Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana) are considered as a staple in Mesolithic subsistence, decisive for early Holocene land use strategies. According to pollen analyses, ethnographic and historic accounts hazelnuts provided high return harvests. Roasting structures potentially served for the processing of nuts into large scale staples and therefore had an important economic role. As yet, the related nut technologies remain poorly understood and could not be replicated successfully. By controlled experiments we provide detailed data on the roasting process, its efforts and implications. Roasting in hot sand proved as a most efficient technology, capable of processing large amounts of nuts loss-free in a short time. These data help to quantitatively substantiate early Holocene nut economy and related land use strategies. Experiments on cracking and grinding of roasted nuts and analyses of resulting use wear supply references for future investigations in nut processing sites and their equipment. A significant improvement of flavour and processability were the most important advantages of roasting. However, shelf life could not be prolonged by roasting, neither for ripe nor for green nuts. Based on these results we discuss, if nuts served as a fat storage or were roasted for immediate consumption during feasting.
Increased Risk of Cerebral Palsy in IVF/ICSI Babies: Meta analysis of Current Literature
Authors: Bulut Halil , Bastopcu Merve , Altin Omer , Ali
Published: March 2024

Background:
The correlation between assisted reproductive therapies (ARTs) and congenital or developmental anomalies has been acknowledged by prominent obstetric and reproductive science authorities. However, the orthopedic perspective on this aspect of ARTs remains largely unexplored. This meta-analysis aims to examine a plausible association between cerebral palsy and in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) therapies within the realm of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).
Methods:
The literature spanning from 1980 to February 2024 was systematically reviewed within the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Data synthesis was conducted using the Jamovi program.
Results:
The literature review involved an initial search that yielded 192 articles, which were subsequently refined to 21 articles following the removal of duplicates and screening for relevance. These articles, selected according to the PRISMA model, collectively included data from 8,657,973 patients. Upon analyzing the dataset, it was found that among 8,400,080 control patients, there were 14,518 cases of cerebral palsy, while among 237,873 patients who underwent IVF or ICSI, 736 cases of cerebral palsy were documented. This analysis revealed that the incidence of cerebral palsy was approximately 1.9 times higher in IVF and ICSI cases compared to control groups (p < 0.001, adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.570–2.323).
Conclusion
As a result, the risk of developing cerebral palsy, as in many other congenital anomalies and pediatric diseases, in babies born with assisted reproductive techniques is statistically significantly higher than in normal babies. This, together with the sensitive monitoring of the neonatal period and perinatal period in women conceived with ART. It is recommended that teams collaborate with pediatric orthopedic surgeons.
Applications, Opportunities and Challenges of AI in the Real Estate Sector
Authors: Antão João , Ribeiro Ricardo , Pereira Rúben
Published: March 2024

The article presents a Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the real estate sector, aiming to analyze existing applications, literature gaps, and current challenges. The methodology involved defining keywords, searching online repositories, and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. In total, 185 documents were selected and reviewed. Findings underscore the significance of areas such as personalized strategies for clients, real estate recommendation systems, and process automation. A literature gap was identified regarding the analysis of performance and accuracy of these applications, indicating the need for further research and technological development to meet the demands of the real estate sector.
YKL-40 inhibits melanoma progression and metastasis by inducing immune cell infiltration in a mouse model
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Zhao Xiangyu , Fu Hong , Shi Mengqi , Han Yuqi , Lu Kun , Wang Hongyu , Sun Sipeng , Yang Ben , Gao Zhiqin , Qu Meihua , Wang Guohui , Wang Yi , Yu Wenjing , Wang Yubing
Published: March 2024

Background
YKL-40, a glycoprotein implicated in the pathophysiology of various solid tumors, exhibits a paradoxical expression profile in melanoma, characterized by reduced levels in tumor tissues relative to normal cutaneous tissues. Interestingly, elevated YKL-40 expression in melanoma patients correlates with markedly enhanced survival outcomes, positing a putative tumor-suppressive role for YKL-40 in this malignancy.
Methods
This study entailed the ectopic induction of YKL-40 in human melanoma (A375) and murine melanoma (B16F10) cell lines to elucidate its impact on cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion processes. Additionally, in vivo analysis involving a subcutaneous melanoma mouse model was deployed to evaluate tumor progression, and a pulmonary metastasis model was employed to quantify tumor cell metastatic dissemination upon YKL-40 overexpression. RNA-Seq analysis was conducted to identify possible mechanisms and possible signaling pathways involved.
Results
Ectopic YKL-40 expression in melanoma cell lines led to significant attenuation in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, YKL-40 overexpression was associated with suppressed tumor growth in the subcutaneous melanoma mouse model and reduced tumor cell metastasis in the pulmonary metastasis model. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that YKL-40 overexpression leads to the upregulation of immune cell infiltration-related signaling pathways, including cytokine receptor interactions, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and T and B lymphocyte receptor signaling.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that YKL-40 may play a tumor-suppressive role in melanoma by regulating tumor-immune interactions, highlighting its potential utility in immunotherapy-based treatment strategies for melanoma. The upregulation of immune cell infiltration-related signaling pathways further accentuates the regulatory capacity of YKL-40 in melanoma immune response modulation, offering new insights into its biological function and therapeutic potential.
Small target detection in aerial images of road scenes based on the improved YOLOv7
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Chuhan , Shi Fubin , Wei Yuning
Published: March 2024

Small target detection in aerial road images is challenging, and the existing detection models are not suitable for small targets with dense, complicated background and occlusion in aerial images. Therefore, a new small target detection model based on YOLOv7 model is used for small target detection in UAV road scenes. We have made four improvements： (i) a new head for detection is added to the original YOLOv7 model to detect tiny-scale targets. (ii) we use the SimAM attention to focus on areas with small-scale targets. (iii) In the downsampling stage, SPD-Conv model is added to replace the original CNN model to improve the capacity to identify small targets of low resolution in aerial road images. (iv) CARAFE model is introduced to enhance feature fusion and reduce information loss. To demonstrate the feasibility of the model, the first set of contrast experiments were first performed on the Drone dataset, the mAP0.5 value is increased by 8.8% compared with that of the original YOLOv7. Then, experiments are also carried out on the VisDrone2019 dataset. In comparison with the original YOLOv7, the mAP0.5 value of the improved YOLOv7 is increased by 7.2%. This model is equally effective for dense and obscured small targets, our detection performance of the improved YOLOv7 is superior to that of recent methods.
A note on σ-nilpotency of finite groups
Authors: Zhong Xuecheng , Li Youxin , Meng Wei , Lu Jiakuan
Published: March 2024

Let $\sigma=\{\sigma_i\mid i\in I\}$ is some partition of the set $\mathbb{P}$ of all primes, and $\sigma(n) =\{\sigma_i\mid i\in I, \sigma_i\cap\pi(n)\neq\emptyset\}$ for any integer $n$. A group $G$ is called $\sigma$-primary if either $G =1$ or $|\sigma(G)| =1$. $G$ is $\sigma$-nilpotent if $(H/K) \rtimes(G/C_G(H/K))$ is $\sigma$-primary for every chief factor $H/K$ of $G$.In this paper, we prove that $G$ is $\sigma$-nilpotent if and only if $G$ is a $\sigma$-full group and $\pi(|xy|)=\pi(|x||y|)$ for any two elements $x,y\in G$ such that $\sigma(|x|)\cap\sigma(|y|)=\emptyset$.
MSC(2020): 20D10, 20D20
Majorana modes and Fano resonances in Aharonov-Bohm ring with topologically nontrivial superconducting bridge
Authors: Aksenov S.V. , Kagan M.Yu.
Published: March 2024

We study different resonances (first of all of the Fano type) in the interference device formed by the Aharonov-Bohm ring with superconducting (SC) wire in the topologically nontrivial state playing a role of a bridge between top and bottom arms. We analyze Majorana modes on the ends of the SC wire and show that the collapse of the additional Fano resonance, that is initially induced by transport scheme asymmetry, is connected with the increase of the length of the bridge when the binding energy of the Majorana end modes tends to zero. In local transport regime, the Fano resonances are stable against the change of the transport symmetry. The reasons of both collapse and sustainability are analyzed using a spinless toy model including the Kitaev chain.
The Factors Influencing The Improvement of Pulmonary Fuction in Patients With Severe and Rigid Thoracic Scoliosis Treated With Preoperative Halo-Pelvic Traction
Authors: Zhao Deng , Shui Min , Hu Zhengjun , Zhong Rui , Huang Huaqiang , Zhang Zhong , Jiang Dengxu , Liang Yan , Liang Yijian
Published: March 2024

Object：To evaluate the changes in pulmonary function caused by preoperative halo-pelvic traction (HPT) in patients with severe and rigid thoracic scoliosis, and find out the factors influencing the improvement of pulmonary function HPT.
Method: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected patients with severe and rigid thoracic scoliosis who underwent preoperative HPT in our hospital from 2022.1 to 2023.1. Spinal parameters including main thoracic Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, T1-T12 distance, and T1-S1 distance in standing whole spinal coronal and sagittal film before traction and after traction were evaluated, as well as pulmonary function test (PFT) results included FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the measured FVC and FEV1 values as a percentage of the predicted values (FVC%, FEV1%). Total lung volume (TLV) was measured by pre-traction and post-traction CT images.
Results: Thirty patients with severe and rigid scoliosis and severe pulmonary impairment were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 25.8±6.93 years. The average duration of traction was 3.7±1.28 months. The main thoracic Cobb angle and thoracic kyphosis decreased from pre-traction 140.8±19.9° and 124.9±46.4° to post-traction 98.6±20.3° and 89.5±43.5°，respectively. T1-T12 distance increased from 139.0±32.7 mm before traction to 195.1±36.1 mm after traction, while T1-S1 distance increased from 246.7±57.3 mm to 346.0±54.2 mm. The FVC and FEV1 improved from 1.09±0.44 L, and 0.90±0.38 L to 1.35±0.42 L, and 1.17±0.37 L after traction, respectively. The FVC and FEV1 improved significantly as well as FVC% and FEV1%. The pre-traction and post-traction TLV (1706.0±584.1ml and 2097.4±662.2ml, respectively) were significantly difference. The variation in T1-T12 distance and T1-S1 distance exhibited correlation with variation in FVC and FVC% before and after traction. Correlation was also observed between the variation of Cobb angle and total lung volume.
Conclusion: The application of HPT is a safe and effective method for improving pulmonary function in patients with severe and rigid thoracic scoliosis. The improvement of FVC and FVC% were significantly correlation with the changes of T1-T12 distance and T1-S1 distance.
Anticancer peptide MCP-1 induces ferroptosis in liver cancer HCCLM3 cells by targeting FOXM1/ALOXE3 signal pathway
Authors: Zhu Fanyue , Shang Zhixian , Jia Shijie , Jiang Yuhong , Chang Miao , Liang Anping , Hua Xinyi , Mao Canquan
Published: March 2024

FOXM1 is a crucial oncogenic transcription factor involved in almost all cancer hallmark pathways across all cancer types. Our previous work had found that FOXM1 targeted peptide P201 can strongly inhibit the growth of cancer cells including the liver cancer HCCLM3 cells. In addition, by RNA-seq of HCCLM3 cells treated with MCP-1, an anticancer peptide optimized from P201, ALOXE3, a key feature of ferroptosis was significantly elevated while FOXM1 was down-regulated, we wonder if the cell death of HCCLM3 induced by MCP-1 was associated with ferroptosis. Also, the relationship between FOXM1 and ferroptosis was less understood. Hence, in this study, we explore the effect of MCP-1 on ferroptosis and establish the associations among MCP-1, FOXM1 and ALOXE3 in HCCLM3 cells. The results showed that MCP-1 can significantly induce the elevated expression of ALOXE3, decreased content of GSH, down-regulation of GPX4 expression, increased contents of ROS and total iron in HCCLM3 cells. Also, ferrostatin-1, a specific inhibitor for ferroptosis, can reverse the cell death in HCCLM3 cells when co-administrated with MCP-1. TCGA database hepatocellular carcinoma gene expression analysis showed that FOXM1 was negative-related to ALOXE3 and further confirmed by the results of siRNA knockdown of FOXM1 in HCCLM3 cells. Moreover, the co-expressed genes analysis for FOXM1 and ALOXE3 revealed that many of them were closely involved in the regulation of ferroptosis. Taken together, we discovered and confirmed the induction of ferroptosis by MCP-1 in liver cancer HCCLM3 cells and primarily established the relationships among MCP-1, FOXM1 and ALOXE3.
Prediction of prognosis related to immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using a model based on immune-associated genes
Authors: Niu Jin-Rui , Cai Bing-Kun , Zhang Ming , Jiang Yan , Lv Hui-Yi
Published: March 2024

HNSCC, a prevalent cancer globally, can be influenced by the immune microenvironment, affecting its prognosis. However, the contribution of immune to cancer progression has not been clarified clearly. Data on the gene expression patterns and clinical information of patients with HNSCC were obtained from the TCGA repository. The LASSO Cox analysis model was used to identify prognostic genes. Kaplan‒Meier analysis was used to compare the survival rates of patients classified as high-risk and low-risk. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis identified the factors that independently predicted overall survival. Immune cell infiltration and activity of immune-related pathways were evaluated using ssGSEA. GSEA was used to analyses GO terms and KEGG pathways. Prognostic genes in patients with HNSCC were analyzed using the GEPIA database. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were used to detect the protein and gene expression of OLR1 in HNSCC samples. A gene signature related to immunity was developed using LASSO Cox regression analysis. Patients with HNSCC in the high-risk category exhibited a marked decrease in overall survival when compared to those in the low-risk category. ROC curve analysis validated the predictive ability of the prognostic gene signature. According to the multivariate Cox analysis, the risk score was identified as a standalone predictor for overall survival. The functional analysis revealed significant differences in immune status between the two groups at risk. The risk score was significantly related to tumor stage and immune subtype. Furthermore, high expression of ORL1 significantly predicted poor prognosis of HNSCC patients. The new set of 24 genes related to the immune system in the signature of the novel indicates the immune condition of HNSCC and has the potential to predict prognosis. Additionally, ORL1 could serve as promising targets for treating HNSCC. The gene model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma plays a crucial role in immune response.
Effect of prior cold rolling on the dry wear performance of GCr15 bearing steel with multiphase microsturcture
Authors: Qian Dongsheng , Li Tianqi , Wang Feng , Deng Jiadong
Published: March 2024

In this work, the effect of cold rolling on the wear performance of GCr15 bearing steel with multiphase microstructure has been investigated. The microstructural observation shows that prior cold rolling facilitates to the dissolution of carbides into prior austenite, reduction of the large-scale carbides and refinement of martensitic lath. In addition, with the increase of cold rolling reduction, the residual austenite content is increased after multiphase heat treatment due to the carbon enrichment in austenite induced by increasing dissolution of carbides. The wear results indicates that friction coefficient as well as wear quality distinctly decreases with the increase of rolling reduction. There are fewer plow grooves and peeling pits on the wear marks after 40% cold rolling reduction. It is also found that the transformation of martensite from residual austenite induced by frictional stress increases the surface compressive stress and hardness for the rolled specimens. This transformation effectively diminishes the depth of plow grooves and reduces the number of peeling pits, which finally leads to the enhancement of dry wear resistance.
Causal relationship between periodontitis and prostate cancer: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Cheng Jianjun , Du Lanting , Ji Yuan , Yang Ke , Wang Jingqi
Published: March 2024

Objectives
A two-sample Mendelian randomization study approach was used to assess the potential causal relationship between periodontitis and the risk of prostate cancer.
Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics. In the main analysis, we employed inverse variance weighting (IVW), while complementary methods such as the simple mode, weighted median, weighted mode and MR-Egger approaches were utilized to identify and correct for potential horizontal pleiotropy effects.
Results
IVW MR analysis revealed periodontitis to be a risk factor for prostate cancer (OR and 95% CI: 1.066, 1.008 ~ 1.126; p = 0.028). Similarly, the weighted median results were consistent with the IVW results (OR and 95% CI: 1.088, 1.003 ~ 1180; p = 0.041), whereas the MR‒Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode results were inconsistent with the IVW results; in addition, the funnel plot and MR‒Egger intercept (0.041) were not consistent with the IVW results. The MR‒Egger intercept (0.019, p = 0.114) was not observed to indicate multiplicity and heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
MR analysis of a large sample suggested a potential causal relationship between periodontitis and prostate cancer, and periodontitis was a risk factor for prostate cancer.
Biofilm Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Catheterised Patients at a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Yaki Lucy Musa , Nwabuisi Charles , Dagang Wan Rosmiza Zana Wan , Huyop Fahrul
Published: March 2024

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) pose a significant health risk in healthcare facilities, accounting for 40% of all hospital-acquired infections and 80% of healthcare-acquired urinary tract infections. These infections are often associated with biofilm formation, which can lead to recurrent or persistent infections due to antimicrobial resistance. In this study, urine samples from 230 catheterised patients, mostly males (91.3%), were analysed to investigate the prevalence of biofilm-forming uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and their correlation with antibiotic resistance. Standard microbiological methods and the Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E were used to isolate and identify UPEC, while the microtiter plate method was used to screen UPEC for their ability to form biofilms under static and dynamic conditions. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was also performed using a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results of the study showed that UPEC was present in 21.7% of catheterized urine samples, with patients with long-term catheterization accounting for 96% of these isolates. Among these isolates, 84% and 86% were found to form biofilms under static and dynamic conditions, respectively, with all strong biofilm-forming isolates being extensively drug-resistant. The study also found a significant correlation between biofilm formation and resistance to most antibiotics tested, including Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin (p-value < 0.05). However, Imipenem and nitrofurantoin showed no significant correlation with biofilm formation (p-value > 0.05). Given these findings, it is recommended that routine tests include biofilm detection and antimicrobial susceptibility assessments to guide the choice of a suitable antibiotic treatment, which is essential for effective management.
The Construction of a Physical Literacy Assessment Index System for Junior High School Students: A Chinese Study
Authors: Gao Mingze , Che Wen , Qi Shenghua
Published: March 2024

In recent years, in the context of the internalisation of education in China, overcompetitive "points-only" education has adversely affected the physical health of Chinese children and adolescents, resulting in a severe lack of physical literacy among junior high school students. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a physical literacy assessment index system for junior high school students with Chinese characteristics and quantify the weights of each domain to provide a way for students to inquire about and self-assess the sustainable development of their physical literacy. The indicator system was modelled on the CAPL-2, and valid indicators were extracted from the retrieved literature and constructed through several expert questionnaire surveys to construct a preselected indicator system for the physical literacy of junior high school students. Sixteen experts participated in three rounds of Delphi surveys until a consensus was reached on the indicators, and the experts’ opinions were used to establish a theoretical model based on hierarchical analysis of hierarchical systems (AHP) to determine the subdomains and weights of the items. The AHP was used to determine the weights of the subdomains and items of the assessment system. The weight scores of the indicators of the physical literacy assessment index system for junior high school students in China were adapted to the core idea of the physical literacy concept, which consists of four first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 26 third-level indicators. Through the use of the AHP to establish a progressive hierarchical model and after the consistency test, the weights of the indicators of physical literacy assessment for junior high school students in China were calculated, in which the importance of the first-level indicators decreased in the order of physical ability (29.82%) > motivation and confidence (29.64%) > knowledge and understanding (20.27%) = daily behaviour (20.27%). The system met the needs of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of junior high school students in terms of physical activity and health promotion and provided a good solution for the needs of junior high school students in terms of physical activity and health promotion. This system meets the demand for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of physical activity and health promotion for junior high school students and provides a scientific basis for the development of precise and personalised physical activity and health promotion programmes.
An analysis of the dynamic relationship between cryptocurrency uncertainty and white precious metals
Authors: imen omri
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on analyzing the behavior of the white precious metals market in response to changes in cryptocurrency uncertainty. It provides new insights into the dynamic relationships between these two asset classes. The study uses a quantile regression approach, impulse response functions analysis, and forecast error variance decomposition estimation. The main findings of this paper suggest that the two novel uncertainty measures, namely UCRY policy and UCRY price uncertainty indexes, do not have a significant effect on silver, platinum, and palladium returns. This implies that they do not lead to destabilizing effects in the precious metal market. Therefore, white precious metals are not viewed as a substitute for cryptocurrencies and do not respond to changes in cryptocurrency markets.
Hence, the study suggests that white precious metals may be a useful diversification tool for investors looking to hedge against risks in the cryptocurrency market.
JEL classification G11, G15, G17, G32
Unveiling the Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Jojoba Oil for Optimizing Poly(lactic acid) Characteristics: Insights into Physico-chemical Attributes and Crystallization Mechanisms
Authors: Elsawy Moataz A. , Ali E. S. , Chritiansen Jesper Claville , Saad Gamal. R.
Published: March 2024

Poly(lactic acid), PLA, loaded with chitosan nanoparticles, CsNP, (3.0%, w/w) and jojoba oil, JO, (3.0%, w/w), as a plasticizer, were prepared by twin screw extrusion. The manufactured PLA/CsNP, PLA/JO and PLA/CsNP/JO compounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravemetric analysis (TG), tensile testing, Izod impact test and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The PLA/CsNP, PLA/JO and PLA/CsNP/JO compounds exhibited improved elongation and impact strength compared with neat PLA. The presence of JO slightly improved the thermal stability of PLA, while CsNP decreased the thermal stability of the PLA. The incorporation of CNPs and JO accelerated the cold crystallization rate of PLA, which is related to a nucleation effect of the CsNP and increase of the chain mobility as a plasticization effect of the JO. No modification in crystalline structure of PLA was observed as a result of the presence of the CsNP and the JO. Avrami equation was employed to describe the cold and melt isothermal crystallization process of neat PLA and PLA/CNP composite with and without JO. The combination additives of CsNP and JO accelerated the crystallization rate in a less extent than CsNP or JO alone.
Comparison of the performance of SWAT and hybrid M5P tree models in rainfall–runoff simulation
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Pandey K. K. , Ahirwar Ajay
Published: March 2024

Stream flow forecasting is a crucial aspect of hydrology and water resource management. This study explores stream flow forecasting using two distinct models: the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and a hybrid M5P model tree. The research specifically targets the daily stream flow predictions at the MH Halli gauge stations, located along the Hemvati River in Karnataka, India. A 14-year dataset spanning from 2003 to 2017 is divided into two subsets for model calibration and validation. The SWAT model's performance is evaluated by comparing its predictions to observed stream flow data. Residual time series values resulting from this comparison are then resolved using the M5P model tree. The findings reveal that the hybrid M5P tree model surpasses the SWAT model in terms of various evaluation metrics, including root-mean-square error, coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, and degree of agreement (d) for the MH Halli stations. In conclusion, this study shows the effectiveness of the hybrid M5P tree model in stream flow forecasting. The research contributes valuable insights into improved water resource management and underscores the importance of selecting appropriate models based on their performance and suitability for specific hydrological forecasting tasks.
Molecular characterization and prevalence of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in livestock and poultry slaughterhouses wastewater in Iran
Authors: Sardari Mehran , Manouchehrifar Meysam , Hasani Kamal , Habibzadeh Nasrin , Doghaheh Hadi Peeri , Azimi Taher , Arzanlou Mohsen
Published: March 2024

Beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales bacteria cause severe hard-to-treat infections. Currently, they are spreading beyond hospitals and becoming a serious global health concern. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-type β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE, AmpC-PE) in wastewater from livestock and poultry slaughterhouses in Ardabil, Iran. A total of 80 Enterobacterales bacteria belonging to 9 species were identified. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli (n = 21/80; 26.2%) and Citrobacter spp. (n = 18/80; 22.5%) exhibited the highest frequency. Overall, 18.7% (n = 15/80) and 2.5% (n = 2/80) of Enterobacterales were found to be ESBL and AmpC producers, respectively. The most common ESBL producer isolates were E. coli (n = 9/21; 42.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 6/7; 85.7%). All AmpC-PE isolates belonged to E. coli strains (n = 2/21; 9.5%). In this study, 80% of ESBL-PE and 100% of AmpC-PE isolates were recovered from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. All ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE isolates were multidrug-resistant. In total, 93.3% of ESBL-PE isolates harbored the blaCTX-M gene, with the blaCTX-M-15 being the most common subgroup. The emergence of ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE in wastewater of food-producing animals allows for zoonotic transmission to humans through contaminated food products and contaminations of the environment.
Rejection of malathion by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes exposed to foulant and two clean-in-place procedures
Authors: Mikelonis Anne M. , Orme Christopher J. , Nilkar Amit S. , Szabo Jeffrey G. , Reese Stephen J.
Published: March 2024

This research tested the treatment efficacy of an Energy Savings Nanofiltration 1 Low Fouling (ESNA 1-LF) nanofiltration (NF) and an Energy Saving Polyamide 2 (ESPA2) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for removing malathion from water. Both membranes are of composite polyamide construction. The study included measuring malathion rejection using both pristine membranes and membranes exposed to a simulated secondary wastewater effluent foulant before and after two types of clean-in-place procedures. Across all conditions studied, malathion rejection ranged from 84 to 95% for the ESNA1-LF NF membrane and 77 to 94% for the ESPA2 RO membrane. Contact angle measurements were also collected for each membrane exposure condition. While the contact angle measurements indicated changes to the hydrophobicity of the selective layer of the membranes, they did not correlate to changes in the performance of malathion rejection. As expected, it was observed that malathion rejection improved with the introduction of foulant. Also, the clean-in-place procedures helped restore flux while maintaining malathion rejection.
Arsenic-methylating microbial community in sediment along the water flow is correlated with the distance to a low-temperature hot spring
Authors: Yang Ye , Yu Yanli , Chen Xiaoming
Published: March 2024

Microbially mediated arsenic methylation, remains understudied in subgeothermal environments. This study aimed to investigate the activity and diversity of arsM-carrying microorganisms in sediment samples (termed YC1, YC2, and YC5) from a low-temperature hot spring. Microcosm assays revealed that only YC1 and YC2 exhibited limited As-methylating activities, generating a maximum of 2.3–3.5 μg/L methylarsenate (MMA) and 2.2–2.8 μg/L dimethylarsenate (DMA). The addition of lactate and arsenite significantly promoted these activities, increasing the concentrations to 26.1–184.0 μg/L MMA and 38.1–204.0 μg/L DMA. The arsM gene abundance also increased by 46–276%, indicating that lactate can activate arsenite methylation. YC1 and YC2, which were closer to the hot spring hole than YC5 was, had similar patterns, and shared a similar arsM community structure, dominated by Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteriota on days 7 and 21. In contrast, at YC5, the sampling site far from the spring hole, representatives of Acidobacteriota were dominant on day 7, whereas those of Actinobacteriota were prevalent on day 21. Acidobacteriota co-occurred with dimethylarsenate production, and Mycobacterium co-occurred with DMA demethylation. These findings suggested that the low-temperature arsenic hot spring possessed diverse arsenic-methylating species, whereas demethylating bacteria preferred to inhabit niches farther from the hot spring.
Identification of PLAC8 as a Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of
Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Li Peng , Xu Mingwei , Zhang Zhilei , Zhang Xiangyan , Xie Fei , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: March 2024

Background::

Interstitial cystitis is a diagnosis of exclusion due to the complexity of
its etiology and pathology, which is a chronic disease with an unknown etiology. To our
knowledge, few studies were performed to identify predictive biomarkers for interstitial cystitis.

Objective::

This study aimed to identify and validate potential biomarkers for interstitial cystitis
(IC).

Methods::

The interstitial cystitis datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus
(GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using the R package
and were subjected to functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Key biomarkers of interstitial
cystitis were identified by using Lasso regression analysis and the SVM-RFE algorithm. The
diagnostic value of key biomarkers was validated in internal and external datasets, and pathways
that relate to biomarkers of interstitial cystitis were screened. The ssGSEA was employed to
identify the immune cells closely related to biomarkers. The expression of PLAC8 in patients
with interstitial cystitis was detected by immune-histochemistry (IHC).

Results::

Sixteen differentially expressed genes associated with interstitial cystitis were identified,
which were primarily linked to the biological process of the chemokine signaling pathway.
PLAC8, identified as a biomarker for interstitial cystitis, was validated to express a significantly
different between IC and normal bladder tissues. PLAC8-related pathways were analyzed, with
a focus on NF-κB, TNF, Toll-like receptor, chemokine, IL-17, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
PLAC8 was proved to be closely related to immune activations, which is similar to the
pathogenesis of IC, which is a chronic dysregulated immune disease. Meanwhile, we also observed
a higher level of PLAC8 in IC tissues.

Conclusion::

PLAC8 has promising application prospects as a biomarker for interstitial cystitis
diagnosis. These findings could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis.
Application of Nanotechnology to Develop Carrageenan-based Films and
Coatings as Carriers for Essential Oils
Authors: Nikravan Leila , Zamanpour Setayesh , Hashemi Mohammad , Marashi Sayed Mahdi Hossaeini Marashi , Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2024

This review highlights the effect of combining bioactive agents, especially nanoparticles,
in carrageenan coating to increase the quality and stability of foods. This study is designed
based on a review of previous studies. Biopolymer coatings and films are suitable for food and
non-food packaging due to their degradability, renewable and edible nature. Edible coatings and
films are based on polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. They confer some beneficial effects on
foods, such as improvement of appearance and texture, reducing the amount of moisture loss
and oxidation, prevention of the release of gases and control of microbial growth, delaying ripening
and adverse changes in color and taste, improvement of nutritional value, and increasing
the shelf life of the product. These improvements lead to the prevention of food spoilage and
increase the shelf life of various foods. In addition, nanomaterials and food additives such as
antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, flavorings, and colors can be incorporated into food coatings
and films to expand their applications. Nanotechnology can be applied in coatings and food
films using nanoparticles. However, more research is still needed to gather information about
coating formulations, especially when new materials are incorporated into them.
Combination of Contrast-enhanced FlAIR and Contrast-enhanced T1WI: A
Quick and Efficient Method in Detecting Brain Metastases of Lung Cancers
Authors: Sun Linlin , Luan Shihai , Ye Xiaodan , Chen Jing , Shi Jueqian , Zhu Huiyuan , Dong Haiyang , Tao Guangyu , Liu Xuemei , Zhu Li , Yu Hong
Published: March 2024

Background::

Some patients with suspected brain metastases (BM) could not tolerate longer scanning examinations according to the standardized MRI protocol.

Objective::

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE FLAIR) imaging in
combination with contrast-enhanced T1 weighted imaging (CE T1WI) in detecting BM of lung cancer and explore a quick and effective MRI
protocol.

Material and Methods::

In 201 patients with lung cancers and suspected BM, T1WI and FLAIR were performed before and after administration of gadopentetate
dimeglumine. Two radiologists reviewed pre- and post-contrast images to determine the presence of abnormal contrast enhancement or signal
intensity and decided whether it was metastatic or not on CE T1WI (Group 1) and CE FLAIR (Group 2). The number, locations and features of
abnormal findings in two groups were recorded. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted in three groups: Group 1, 2 and
3(combination of CE FLAIR and CE T1WI).

Results::

A total of 714 abnormal findings were revealed, of which 672 were considered as BM and 42 nonmetastatic. Superficial and small
metastases(≤10mm) in parenchyma and ependyma, leptomeningeal and non-expansive skull metastases were typically better seen on CE FLAIR.
The areas under ROC in the three groups were 0.720,0.887 and 0.973, respectively. Group 3 was significantly better in diagnostic efficiency of
BMs than Group 1 (p<0.0001) or Group 2 (p=0.0006).

Conclusion::

The combination of CE T1WI and CE FLAIR promotes diagnostic performance and results in better observation and characterization of BM in
patients with lung cancers. It provides a quick and efficient way of detecting BM.
Optimization of Lipopeptide Biosurfactant Production with Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Djafri-Dib Salima , Yalaoui-Guellal Drifa , Amessis-Ouchemoukh Nadia , Madani Khodir , Ouchemoukh Salim
Published: March 2024

Background:

Biosurfactants are very important amphiphile compounds due to their
interesting advantages such as low toxicity, biodegradability and also their many biological properties.

Methods:

In the present study, antimicrobial and anti-imflammatory activities were evaluated to
determine the biological proprieties of biosurfactant BLA 2906 produced by Alcaligenes aquatilis
YGD 2906 using different assays. Screening and optimization component concentrations in the
medium were investigated using PBD and SRM to increase surfactant yield in term emulsification
activity value (E24%).

Results:

The halos of antifungal activity presented a mean value of 12.33 mm to 17.67 mm. For
antibacterial activity, the diameter varied from 10.33 to 12.67 mm with a very important antiinflammatory
activity using a protein denaturation method that showed a maximum inhibition of
92.79%.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that BLA 2906 may be used as a new therapeutic and antiinflammatory
agent. The PBD selected 7 significant components out of the 14 screened. The
RSM resulted in the production in terms of emulsification activity of 68.37% in the optimized
medium.
Probing Anticancer Molecules from Onion Peels Waste; First Synthesis and Biological Studies of a Rare Quercetin Derivative-pachypodol
Authors: Nanjan Pandurangan , Nambiar Jyotsna , Bose Chinchu , Banerji Asoke , Nair Bipin G.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The constant increase in global onion production escalates the generation
of onion peel waste. For instance, globally, >50 lakh tons of onion waste are generated annually.

Methods:

Its objectionable odor precludes its use in agriculture or disposal as landfilling presents
environmental issues. Previous studies show that two major flavonoids, quercetin and its glycosides
(spiraeoside), have been identified in abundance in onion waste. By utilizing the spiraeoside
(quercetin-4ʹ-glucoside), a rapid synthesis of pachypodol (quercetin-3,3′,7-trimethyl ether, and a
rare flavonol), an essential Ayurvedic product, has been developed and achieved. Pachypodol and
analogs were studied for their ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 & 9)
activity. Amongst the compounds tested, pachypodol significantly inhibited MMP-2 activity.

Results:

In-silico docking studies suggest that, unlike most known MMP inhibitors, pachypodol
interacts selectively with MMP-2 through the residues Ile222, Tyr223, and Thr227 in a zincindependent
manner.

Conclusion:

The experimental studies also prove that pachypodol inhibits the MMP-2 enzyme in
a zinc-independent way.