bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portrait fragmenté de l'enfant dans la tradition philosophique rationaliste
Authors: Robichaud Arianne , Gauthier-Lacasse Maxime
Published: September 2020

La rationalité de l’enfant constitue sans aucun doute l’un des thèmes les plus fondamentaux en philosophie de l’éducation : des multiples conceptions qui en ont été proposées au fil de l’histoire, elle s’articule tantôt à une activité éducative qui vise la manifestation, par l’élève, d’une attitude précise au regard d’une réalité elle-même rationnelle, tantôt à une forme idéale de faculté psychique à faire surgir (ou ressurgir) par l’éducation. Toutefois, peu importe l’acception privilégiée par les rationalistes antiques, modernes ou contemporains, il apparaît que l’enfant demeure toujours, au sein de cette tradition philosophique, un être inachevé, incomplet, déficient : dès lors, comment penser le problème que semble représenter l’enfance chez les plus importants penseurs de la raison? Et, ultimement, la tradition rationaliste se présente-t-elle comme une tradition de l’oubli et de la négation infantiles? Telles sont les questions auxquelles tente de répondre le présent texte.
Poststructuralisme et éducation: l'apport de Foucault et Derrida
Authors: Schwimmer Marina
Published: September 2020

À fin de mieux saisir le potentiel des idées issues du courant poststructuraliste par rapport au projet éducatif humaniste et rationaliste privilégié dans les systèmes d’éducation contemporains, cet article présente un certain nombre de travaux produits dans le champ de la philosophie de l’éducation qui reposent sur les idées de deux penseurs considérés comme des représentants majeurs du poststructuralisme : Michel Foucault et Jacques Derrida. L’article s’efforce de clarifier certaines fausses représentations de ce courant, de présenter brièvement quelques-uns de ses principes clés et de justifier plus clairement sa pertinence pour pense l’éducation dans le monde contemporain, notamment pour penser l’éducation dans une perspective a-téléologique.
Rationalité, réalisme et Programme de sciences et technologie au Québec
Authors: LeVasseur Louis , Gauthier Élisabeth
Published: September 2020

Différentes conceptions de la science et de la connaissance semblent coexister dans le programme ministériel d’enseignement de Science et technologie au secondaire au Québec. La science y est présentée dans un flou syncrétique. Elle est à la fois une connaissance autonome et une connaissance arrimée à des finalités instrumentales, critiques et pédagogiques. Elle trouve sa validité dans le savoir expert ou, au contraire, dans la subjectivité et l’expérience quotidienne de l’élève. Un tel syncrétisme ne risque-t-il pas de confondre l’esprit des enseignants et surtout celui des élèves qui doivent agencer une conception normative et une vision critique de la science ? La conclusion se termine sur une question ouverte : ne convient-il pas de conserver, en cette ère de « post-vérité », des formes de rationalité forte en tant que pôles de référence permettant d’éclairer les enjeux sociaux contemporains ?
Is Discussion an Exchange of Ideas? On Education, Money, and Speech
Authors: Backer David I.
Published: September 2020

How do we learn the link between speech and money? What is the process of formation that legitimates the logic whereby speech is equivalent to money? What are the experiences, events, and subjectivities that render the connection between currency and speaking/listening intuitive? As educators and researchers, what do we do and say to shore up this connection, and—as we may be inclined—are there things we can do or say to loosen it? Educational discourse theory, specifically examining classroom discussion, is one of the most prominent arenas of educational research where the equivalence between money and speech is active. While it may seem tautological to say that “discussion is an exchange of ideas,” it is not trivial to do so. Definitions of discussion in both reference and academic texts use the word “exchange” for discussion like Kant would use the word “unmarried” to define a bachelor. Yet the exchange case carries connotations and denotations that the bachelor case does not. There is more to say about it. Take this one small case—whether discussion is an exchange of ideas—as a part of the more general inquiry about education and money/speech. Discussions happen throughout classrooms and other educational contexts in society, and the phrase most likely passes person-to-person in such a way as to make it obvious that what is happening in the discussion is an exchange, perhaps making it equally obvious that money and speech are equivalent. In other words, the claim in this article is that continually referring to discussion as an exchange of ideas teaches that speech and money are equivalent, a proposition that has serious political consequences. It is not obviously the case that discussion is an exchange of ideas, as I will show, and demonstrating this with a careful philosophical comb can go some distance towards showing (and therefore teaching) that money is not equivalent to speech.
Codes of Professional Conduct and Ethics Education for Future Teachers
Authors: Maxwell Bruce
Published: September 2020

This paper argues that the way future teachers are being initiated into the ethical dimensions of their future profession is largely out of step with the movement to professionalize teaching. After recalling the role that codes of professional conduct play in the ecology of professional self-regulation, and arguing that familiarizing students with their local code of ethics should be considered is the bare minimum of an adequate ethics education for professionals, the paper presents research findings indicating that education students are not leaving colleges and universities with a clear understanding of what is expected of them by society, their peers and the profession. The paper concludes with three suggestions about how to begin bringing ethics education for teachers more into line with teaching’s aspiration to professional status.
Educating the Elite: A Social Justice Education for the Privileged Class
Authors: Wheeler-Bell Quentin
Published: September 2020

America is witnessing a new gilded age. Since the 1970’s, inequality in wealth and income has soared within the United States—and globally (Sayer, 2016; Therborn, 2013).  Such inequalities affect human flourishing because they allow the privileged class to convert their wealth into different, and unequal, lifestyles and life chances. In addition, such inequalities provide the privileged class with greater opportunity to convert their wealth, income, and social capital into influence within the political system that undermines democracy. Considering the vast class-based inequities, then, how can social justice educators help the students born into the world of class privilege understand their civic obligations to deepen democracy—particularly economic democracy? And, how can they do so without engaging in morally reprehensible teaching practices? This paper takes a ‘critical approach’ in attempting answer this question. First by analyzing the cultural and structural causes of behind the world of class privilege—what I term the pathology of privilege. As well as, explaining how the pathology of privileges undermines democracy. Then I analyze four possible social justice approaches for the class privilege—class suicide; political apathy; civic volunteerism; and activist ally. I concluded by explaining why the activist ally approach is both a more crucial and morally appropriate approach for educating the elite about their responsibility to deepen democracy and advance justice.
Cosmopolitan Education in Agonistic Morality: Epistemological Restraint, Discourse Ethics, and Agonistic Pluralism
Authors: Hayden Matthew J.
Published: September 2020

Cosmopolitan education has been much theorized, discussed, and proposed, but what, exactly, might it look like and what specific processes might it involve? Cosmopolitanism’s recognition of shared humanity and the subsequent entailment of democratic inclusion make explicit the moral and political nature of cosmopolitan education and philosophy. As an ethico-political process, existing political and ethical processes can be brought to bear on its educational manifestations. The political concepts of epistemological restraint, discourse ethics, and agonistic pluralism are offered as models for cosmopolitan education in agonistic morality: epistemological restraint is used to address the need for prioritization of moral inquiry over moral belief; discourse ethics addresses the necessity of inclusive and democratic dialogue; agonistic pluralism offsets the implications of the inevitability of pluralism in educational inquiry. All three combine to form a process of cosmopolitan education in agonistic morality.
The Examination of the Decline of Philosophy of Education with Institutional Theory: A Focus on the Last Three Decades
Authors: Colgan Andrew D.
Published: September 2020

Many symposia and special journal issues over the last several decades have been devoted to concerns over the decline of philosophy in teacher education programs. I pursued an answer for my doctoral project and found institutional explanations are rarely invoked in the “decline literature.” I have sketched here the theory, and have shown it to be equally applicable to the last several decades of this literature. I argue that institutional organizational theory (IOT) shows how teacher education institutions have changed over time in a way that ultimately rendered the environment less and less hospitable to philosophy of education curriculum and faculty. Particular attention is paid to the educational context of Ontario, Canada, but I also include the wider American and British decline literature. In the final pages I offer de-institutionalizing solutions that, if realized, could provide a new soil in which philosophy and other humanities fields could take root again in teacher preparation programs.
SOX11 promotes epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid state and alters tropism of invasive breast cancer cells
Authors: Oliemuller Erik , Newman Richard , Tsang Siu Man , Foo Shane , Muirhead Gareth , Noor Farzana , Haider Syed , Aurrekoetxea-Rodríguez Iskander , Vivanco Maria dM , Howard Beatrice A
Published: September 2020

SOX11 is an embryonic mammary epithelial marker that is normally silenced prior to birth. High SOX11 levels in breast tumours are significantly associated with distant metastasis and poor outcome in breast cancer patients. Here, we show that SOX11 confers distinct features to ER-negative DCIS.com breast cancer cells, leading to populations enriched with highly plastic hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal cells, which display invasive features and alterations in metastatic tropism when xenografted into mice. We found that SOX11+DCIS tumour cells metastasize to brain and bone at greater frequency and to lungs at lower frequency compared to cells with lower SOX11 levels. High levels of SOX11 leads to the expression of markers associated with mesenchymal state and embryonic cellular phenotypes. Our results suggest that SOX11 may be a potential biomarker for breast tumours with elevated risk of developing metastases and may require more aggressive therapies.
Alternative splicing at neuroligin site A regulates glycan interaction and synaptogenic activity
Authors: Oku Shinichiro , Feng Huijuan , Connor Steven , Toledo Andrea , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yue , Thoumine Olivier , Zhang Chaolin , Craig Ann Marie
Published: September 2020

Post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating cell surface synaptic organizing complexes that control the properties of connections in brain circuits are poorly understood. Alternative splicing regulates the prototypical synaptic organizing complex, neuroligin-neurexin. In contrast to the well-studied neuroligin splice site B, little is known about splice site A. We discovered that inclusion of the positively charged A1 insert in mouse neuroligin-1 increases its binding to heparan sulphate, a modification on neurexin. The A1 insert increases neurexin recruitment, presynaptic differentiation, and synaptic transmission mediated by neuroligin-1. We propose that the A1 insert could be a target for alleviating the consequences of deleterious NLGN1/3 mutations, supported by assays with the autism-linked neuroligin-1-P89L mutant. An enrichment of neuroligin-1 A1 in GABAergic neuron types suggests a role in synchrony of cortical circuits. Altogether, these data reveal an unusual mode by which neuroligin splicing controls synapse development through protein-glycan interaction and identify it as a potential therapeutic target.
Homeostatic plasticity in the retina is associated with maintenance of night vision during retinal degenerative disease
Authors: Leinonen Henri , Pham Nguyen C , Boyd Taylor , Santoso Johanes , Palczewski Krzysztof , Vinberg Frans
Published: September 2020

Neuronal plasticity of the inner retina has been observed in response to photoreceptor degeneration. Typically, this phenomenon has been considered maladaptive and may preclude vision restoration in the blind. However, several recent studies utilizing triggered photoreceptor ablation have shown adaptive responses in bipolar cells expected to support normal vision. Whether such homeostatic plasticity occurs during progressive photoreceptor degenerative disease to help maintain normal visual behavior is unknown. We addressed this issue in an established mouse model of Retinitis Pigmentosa caused by the P23H mutation in rhodopsin. We show robust modulation of the retinal transcriptomic network, reminiscent of the neurodevelopmental state, and potentiation of rod – rod bipolar cell signaling following rod photoreceptor degeneration. Additionally, we found highly sensitive night vision in P23H mice even when more than half of the rod photoreceptors were lost. These results suggest retinal adaptation leading to persistent visual function during photoreceptor degenerative disease.
Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Tao Yu , Chan Hon Fai , Shi Bingyang , Li Mingqiang , Leong Kam W.
Published: September 2020

Light is a particularly appealing tool for on‐demand drug delivery due to its noninvasive nature, ease of application, and exquisite temporal and spatial control. Great progress is achieved in the development of novel light‐driven drug delivery strategies with both breadth and depth. Light‐controlled drug delivery platforms can be generally categorized into three groups: photochemical, photothermal, and photoisomerization‐mediated therapies. Various advanced materials, such as metal nanoparticles, metal sulfides and oxides, metal–organic frameworks, carbon nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, stimuli‐responsive micelles, polymer‐ and liposome‐based nanoparticles are applied for light‐stimulated drug delivery. In view of the increasing interest in on‐demand targeted drug delivery, the development of light‐responsive systems with a focus on recent advances, key limitations, and future directions is reviewed.
Proline‐derived Long‐aliphatic‐chain Amphiphilic Organocatalysts (PDLACAOs) for Asymmetric Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Alarcón‐Matus Erika , Alvarado Cuauhtémoc , Romero‐Ceronio Nancy , Ramos‐Rivera Erika M. , Lobato‐García Carlos E.
Published: September 2020

Herein, a specialized review of the origin and state of the art of proline‐derived long‐aliphatic‐chain amphiphilic organocatalysts (PDLACAOs) and their use in asymmetric organic reactions in aqueous media (water, brine, and sea water), including in water and in the presence of water, is presented. The reactions in which they have been evaluated and the most important mechanisms are discussed.
Signaling green: Investigating signals of expertise and prosocial orientation to enhance consumer trust
Authors: Waites Stacie F. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Hancock Tyler
Published: September 2020

Prior research has established the positive effect of green marketing on purchase intentions. Less well known is why. Two empirical studies were conducted to investigate trust as an important mediator explaining the relationship between green marketing and purchase intentions. In study one, we successfully replicate prior research, again finding higher purchase intentions for companies that engage in green marketing. Additionally, trust in the company was found to mediate this relationship. Study two then examines the underlying mechanisms of expertise and prosocial orientation on the relationship between green marketing and trust, and then serially to purchase intentions. Demographic boundary conditions of age and gender were also investigated. Despite previous research indicating that gender affects perceptions of sustainable marketing, gender was not found to influence trust through perceptions of expertise and prosocial orientation. Interestingly, consumer age was found to influence perceptions of the company's expertise but not prosocial orientation. Younger consumers, specifically those about 38 and younger, believe that companies using green marketing display more expertise compared to those that do not, ultimately increasing perceptions of trust in the company.
Distribution of C‐arm projections in native and bioprosthetic aortic valves cusps: Implication for BASILICA procedures
Authors: Komatsu Ikki , Tang Gilbert H. L. , Leipsic Jonathon , Webb John G. , Blanke Philipp , Mackensen G. Burkhard , Kitamura Mitsunobu , Wolak Arik , Don Creighton W. , McCabe James M. , Rumer Christopher , Tan Christina W. , Levin Dmitry B. , Ramos Mario , Aldea Gabriel S. , Reisman Mark , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Radhakrishnan Sam , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Piazza Nicolo , Kornowski Ran , Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed , Dvir Danny
Published: September 2020

Objectives

We sought to document aortic cusps fluoroscopic projections and their distributions using leaflet alignment which is a novel concept to optimize visualization of leaflets and for guiding BASILICA (bioprosthetic or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent coronary artery obstruction) and determine whether these projections were feasible in catheter laboratory.

Background

Optimal fluoroscopic projections of aortic valve cusps have not been well described.

Methods

A total of 128 pre‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement (pre‐TAVR) computed tomographies (CT) (72 native valves and 56 bioprosthetic surgical valves) were analyzed. Using CT software (3Mensio, Pie medical imaging, the Netherlands), leaflet alignment was performed and the feasibility of these angles, which were defined as rate of obtainable with efforts (within LAO/RAO of 85° and CRA/CAU of 50°) were evaluated.

Results

High feasibility was seen in right coronary cusp (RCC) front view (100%) and left coronary cusp (LCC) side view (99.2%), followed by noncoronary cusp side view (95.3%). In contrast, low feasibility of RCC side view (7.8%) and LCC front view (47.6%) was observed. No statistical differences were seen between the distribution of native valves and bioprosthetic surgical valves. With patient/table tilt of 20°LAO and 10°CRA, the feasibility of RCC side view and LCC front view increased to 43.7 and 85.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Distributions of each cusp's leaflet alignment follows “sigmoid curve” which can provide better understanding of aortic valve cusp orientation in TAVR and BASILICA. RCC side view used in right cusp BASILICA is commonly unachievable in catheter laboratory and may improve with patient/table tilt.
A system for classifying cancers diagnosed in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Barr Ronald D. , Ries Lynn A. G. , Trama Annalisa , Gatta Gemma , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Stiller Charles A. , Bleyer W. Archie
Published: September 2020

Cancer types in adolescents and young adults form a unique distribution. A system for classifying them is presented.
Interindividual differences in memory system local field potential activity predict behavioral strategy on a dual‐solution T‐maze
Authors: Goldenberg Joshua E. , Lentzou Stergiani , Ackert‐Smith Lyn , Knowlton Harrison , Dash Michael B.
Published: September 2020

Individuals can use diverse behavioral strategies to navigate their environment including hippocampal‐dependent place strategies reliant upon cognitive maps and striatal‐dependent response strategies reliant upon egocentric body turns. The existence of multiple memory systems appears to facilitate successful navigation across a wide range of environmental and physiological conditions. The mechanisms by which these systems interact to ultimately generate a unitary behavioral response, however, remain unclear. We trained 20 male, Sprague–Dawley rats on a dual‐solution T‐maze while simultaneously recording local field potentials that were targeted to the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Eight rats spontaneously exhibited a place strategy while the remaining 12 rats exhibited a response strategy. Interindividual differences in behavioral strategy were associated with distinct patterns of LFP activity between the dorsolateral striatum and dorsal hippocampus. Specifically, striatal‐hippocampal theta activity was in‐phase in response rats and out‐of‐phase in place rats and response rats exhibited elevated striatal‐hippocampal coherence across a wide range of frequency bands. These contrasting striatal‐hippocampal activity regimes were (a) present during both maze‐learning and a 30 min premaze habituation period and (b) could be used to train support vector machines to reliably predict behavioral strategy. Distinct patterns of neuronal activity across multiple memory systems, therefore, appear to bias behavioral strategy selection and thereby contribute to interindividual differences in behavior.
Submerged fermentation of Ginkgo biloba seed powder using Eurotium cristatum for the development of ginkgo seeds fermented products
Authors: Zou Minmin , Zhang Wen , Dong Qihui , Tang Chao , Cao Fuliang , Su Erzheng
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Ginkgo biloba seeds are well known for the significant curative effects on relieving cough and asthma. However, the development of products from ginkgo seeds still falls behind at present, resulting in a great waste of ginkgo seeds' resource. In this work, submerged fermentation of ginkgo seed powder using Eurotium cristatum was studied to investigate its feasibility as a new processing method.

RESULTS

To promote the growth of E. cristatum, the optimum fermentation medium was 80.0 g L−1 of ginkgo seed powder with addition of 5.0 g L−1 calcium chloride (CaCl2), 4.0 g L−1 magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), 1.25 g L−1 zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and 0.65 g L−1 iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4). The optimum fermentation conditions were pH 5.8 ± 0.1, inoculum size 5.1 × 106 CFU mL−1, liquid medium volume 100 mL in 250‐mL Erlenmeyer flask and fermentation 4 days. Through fermentation, the production of lovastatin in fermentation broth could reach up to 32.97 ± 0.17 μg mL−1 and the total antioxidant capacity was improved by more than two‐fold. In addition, 40.15% of the ginkgotoxin in ginkgo seed powder was degraded while the entire degradation of ginkgolic acids was obtained. Moreover, fermented ginkgo seed powder suspension presented pleasant fragrances, and the activities of amylase and protease were enhanced to 11.30 ± 0.10 U mL−1 and 23.01 ± 0.20 U mL−1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Submerged fermentation using E. cristatum could significantly enhance the functional value and safety of ginkgo seed powder, and had great potential to become a novel processing method for the development of ginkgo seeds fermented products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lung Ultrasound Point‐of‐View in Pediatric and Adult COVID‐19 Infection
Authors: Norbedo Stefania , Blaivas Michael , Raffaldi Irene , Caroselli Costantino
Published: September 2020

From its start in China in December 2019, infection by the new SARS‐CoV2 spread fast all over the world. It can present as severe respiratory distress in the elderly or a vasculitis in a child, most of whom are typically completely asymptomatic. This makes infection detection based on clinical grounds exceedingly difficult. Lung ultrasound has become an important tool in diagnosis and follow‐up of patient with COVID‐19 infection.Here we review available, up to date literature on ultrasound use for COVID‐19 suspected pediatric patients and contrast it to published findings in adult patients.
Mathematical Modeling of the Stabilizer‐Free Dispersion Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride: Particle Growth
Authors: Torraga Maria G. F. , Giudici Reinaldo
Published: September 2020

A model is proposed for particle growth in the stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization of styrene (ST) and maleic anhydride (MAH). The model is based on the assumptions that 1) polymerization occurs in both the continuous phase and the polymer particles, 2) the nucleation step is fast, and the number of polymer particles is fixed during the process, 3) the particle population is monodisperse, 4) the propagation step between ST and MAH follows the terminal model, and 5) the termination step is diffusion‐controlled, causing an autoacceleration effect in the process. The model predicts the global conversion, copolymer composition and the polymer particle diameter during time. The validation data are obtained experimentally by stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization and the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
The Bildung Theory—From von Humboldt to Klafki and Beyond
Authors: Sjöström Jesper , Eilks Ingo
Published: September 2020

Bildung is a complex educational concept that has connections to both the Enlightenment and Romanticism. It has its roots in the late eighteenth century in Germany and has had a central place in educational philosophy and policy in central and northern Europe since then. In the history of education, one can identify at least five educational theories with reference to the basic ideas of Bildung: (a) Wilhelm von Humboldt’s classical Bildung, (b) liberal education, (c) Scandinavian folk-Bildung, (d) democratic education, and (e) critical-hermeneutic Bildung. In this chapter, we discuss the development of the concept of Bildung as a humanistic theory and its relevance for science education. We show how Bildung, when it comes to science education among other disciplines, emphasizes both personal subjectification and skills for socio-political action. In doing so, we relate contemporary interpretations of Bildung to issues of scientific literacy, education for sustainability, and transformative learning.
Nature of Science for Social Justice: Why, What and How?
Authors: Hansson Lena , Yacoubian Hagop A.
Published: September 2020

“Nature of Science” (NOS) and “Social Justice” (SJ) are vivid areas in contemporary science education research. There are different conceptualizations of NOS and SJ, giving rise to divergent research agendas. NOS and SJ research areas have mostly been separate tracks, with only a few contributions across each other. The aim of this volume is to bring NOS and SJ research closer together, explore possibilities that might arise, and start a dialogue on the characteristics of NOS for SJ. In this chapter, we prioritize SJ as an overall aim of science education and shed light on how NOS teaching can contribute to that aim. We argue for the importance of three questions: Why should a school science aiming for SJ address NOS? What NOS-related content, skills and attitudes form the basis when aiming for SJ? How can school science address NOS for SJ? The goal of the dialogue around these three broad questions is to develop a research base for NOS teaching aimed towards SJ. In this chapter, we initiate this dialogue, which is then continued in the chapters that follow. We also provide an overview of the volume and identify some of the main arguments that the authors make as they embark upon this dialogue.
Survey of User Needs: Mobile Apps for mHealth and People with Disabilities
Authors: Lippincot Ben , Thompson Nicole , Morris John , Jones Mike , DeRuyter Frank
Published: September 2020

This paper presents data and analysis from survey research conducted by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Information and Communication Technology Access for Mobile Rehabilitation (mRehab RERC) on the use and unmet needs for mHealth mobile apps by people with disabilities in the United States. Quantitative and qualitative data are reported on user experiences with mHealth apps to map the behavior, interests and needs of people with specific types of disability (physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional/psychological, and speech). Summary results are presented for all respondents and each disability type. Slightly more than half of the participants in this sample (53.2%) reported using mHealth apps. Fitness and exercise apps were the mHealth apps most used by respondents with disabilities, followed by hospital/clinical portal apps. Symptom and disease management apps are the least commonly used, even though these would seem to be important for people with chronic conditions. Text-based responses regarding unmet needs for mHealth apps can be sorted into accessibility needs and functionality needs. In general, respondents with sensory limitations were more likely to identify accessibility needs. However, all disability groups identified both types of unmet needs. These results can help inform research and development efforts to provide mHealth apps that meet the needs of people with disabilities.
Alzheimer’s Garden: Understanding Social Behaviors of Patients with Dementia to Improve Their Quality of Life
Authors: Bellini Gloria , Cipriano Marco , De Angeli Nicola , Gargano Jacopo Pio , Gianella Matteo , Goi Gianluca , Rossi Gabriele , Masciadri Andrea , Comai Sara
Published: September 2020

This paper aims at understanding the social behavior of people with dementia through the use of technology, specifically by analyzing localization data of patients of an Alzheimer’s assisted care home in Italy. The analysis will allow to promote social relations by enhancing the facility’s spaces and activities, with the ultimate objective of improving residents’ quality of life. To assess social wellness and evaluate the effectiveness of the village areas and activities, this work introduces measures of sociability for both residents and places. Our data analysis is based on classical statistical methods and innovative machine learning techniques. First, we analyze the correlation between relational indicators and factors such as the outdoor temperature and the patients’ movements inside the facility. Then, we use statistical and accessibility analyses to determine the spaces residents appreciate the most and those in need of enhancements. We observe that patients’ sociability is strongly related to the considered factors. From our analysis, outdoor areas result less frequented and need spatial redesign to promote accessibility and attendance among patients. The data awareness obtained from our analysis will also be of great help to caregivers, doctors, and psychologists to enhance assisted care home social activities, adjust patient-specific treatments, and deepen the comprehension of the disease.
Uptunneling to de Sitter
Authors: Mirbabayi Mehrdad
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We propose a Euclidean preparation of an asymptotically AdS2 spacetime that contains an inflating dS2 bubble. The setup can be embedded in a four dimensional theory with a Minkowski vacuum and a false vacuum. AdS2 approximates the near horizon geometry of a two-sided near-extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole, and the two sides can connect to the same Minkowski asymptotics to form a topologically nontrivial worm- hole geometry. Likewise, in the false vacuum the near-horizon geometry of near-extremal black holes is approximately dS2 times 2-sphere. We interpret the Euclidean solution as describing the decay of an excitation inside the wormhole to a false vacuum bubble. The result is an inflating region inside a non-traversable asymptotically Minkowski wormhole.
Motion analysis for better understanding of psychomotor skills in laparoscopy: objective assessment-based simulation training using animal organs
Authors: Ebina Koki , Abe Takashige , Higuchi Madoka , Furumido Jun , Iwahara Naoya , Kon Masafumi , Hotta Kiyohiko , Komizunai Shunsuke , Kurashima Yo , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Osawa Takahiro , Murai Sachiyo , Tsujita Teppei , Sase Kazuya , Chen Xiaoshuai , Konno Atsushi , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: September 2020

Background

Our aim was to characterize the motions of multiple laparoscopic surgical instruments among participants with different levels of surgical experience in a series of wet-lab training drills, in which participants need to perform a range of surgical procedures including grasping tissue, tissue traction and dissection, applying a Hem-o-lok clip, and suturing/knotting, and digitize the level of surgical competency.

Methods

Participants performed tissue dissection around the aorta, dividing encountered vessels after applying a Hem-o-lok (Task 1), and renal parenchymal closure (Task 2: suturing, Task 3: suturing and knot-tying), using swine cadaveric organs placed in a box trainer under a motion capture (Mocap) system. Motion-related metrics were compared according to participants’ level of surgical experience (experts: 50 ≤ laparoscopic surgeries, intermediates: 10–49, novices: 0–9), using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and significant metrics were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA).

Results

A total of 15 experts, 12 intermediates, and 18 novices participated in the training. In Task 1, a shorter path length and faster velocity/acceleration/jerk were observed using both scissors and a Hem-o-lok applier in the experts, and Hem-o-lok-related metrics markedly contributed to the 1st principal component on PCA analysis, followed by scissors-related metrics. Higher-level skills including a shorter path length and faster velocity were observed in both hands of the experts also in tasks 2 and 3. Sub-analysis showed that, in experts with 100 ≤  cases, scissors moved more frequently in the “close zone (0  ≤ to < 2.0 cm from aorta)” than those with 50–99 cases.

Conclusion

Our novel Mocap system recognized significant differences in several metrics in multiple instruments according to the level of surgical experience. “Applying a Hem-o-lok clip on a pedicle” strongly reflected the level of surgical experience, and zone-metrics may be a promising tool to assess surgical expertise. Our next challenge is to give completely objective feedback to trainees on-site in the wet-lab.
Optimised solutions to the last-mile delivery problem in London using a combination of walking and driving
Authors: Martinez-Sykora Antonio , McLeod Fraser , Lamas-Fernandez Carlos , Bektaş Tolga , Cherrett Tom , Allen Julian
Published: September 2020

Inspired by actual parcel delivery operations in London, this paper describes a two-echelon distribution system that combines the use of driving and walking as part of last-mile deliveries in urban areas for a single driver. The paper presents an optimisation model that explicitly treats and integrates the driving and walking elements, and describes a branch-and-cut algorithm that uses new valid inequalities specifically tailored for the problem at hand. Computational results based on real instances obtained from a courier operating in London are presented to show the performance of the algorithm.
Regional climate change projections from NA-CORDEX and their relation to climate sensitivity
Authors: Bukovsky Melissa S. , Mearns Linda O.
Published: September 2020

The climate sensitivity of global climate models (GCMs) strongly influences projected climate change due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Reasonably, the climate sensitivity of a GCM may be expected to affect dynamically downscaled projections. However, there has been little examination of the effect of the climate sensitivity of GCMs on regional climate model (RCM) ensembles. Therefore, we present projections of temperature and precipitation from the ensemble of projections produced as a part of the North American branch of the international Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) in the context of their relationship to the climate sensitivity of their parent GCMs. NA-CORDEX simulations were produced at 50-km and 25-km resolutions with multiple RCMs which downscaled multiple GCMs that spanned nearly the full range of climate sensitivity available in the CMIP5 archive. We show that climate sensitivity is a very important source of spread in the NA-CORDEX ensemble, particularly for temperature. Temperature projections correlate with driving GCM climate sensitivity annually and seasonally across North America not only at a continental scale but also at a local-to-regional scale. Importantly, the spread in temperature projections would be reduced if only low, mid, or high climate sensitivity simulations were considered, or if only the ensemble mean were considered. Precipitation projections correlate with climate sensitivity, but only at a continental scale during the cold season, due to the increasing influence of other processes at finer scales. Additionally, it is shown that the RCMs do alter the projection space sampled by their driving GCMs.
Use of Counterfactual Population Projections for Assessing the Demographic Determinants of Population Ageing
Authors: Murphy Michael
Published: September 2020

Counterfactual population projections have been used to estimate the contributions of fertility and mortality to population ageing, a method recently designated as the gold standard for this purpose. We analyse projections with base years between 1850 and 1950 for 11 European countries with long-run demographic data series to estimate the robustness of this approach. We link this approach with stable population theory to derive quantitative indicators of the role of fertility and mortality; consider ways of incorporating net migration; and examine the effect of using alternative indicators of population ageing. A number of substantive and technical weaknesses in the counterfactual projection approach are identified: (1) the conclusions are very sensitive to the choice of base year. Specifically, the level of base year fertility has a major influence on whether fertility or mortality is considered the main driver of population ageing. (2) The method is not transitive: results for two adjacent intervals are unrelated to results for the combined period. Therefore, overall results cannot be usefully allocated between different sub-intervals. (3) Different ageing indices tend to produce similar qualitative conclusions, but quantitative results may differ markedly. (4) Comparisons of alternative models should be with a fixed fertility and mortality projection model rather than with the baseline values as usually done. (5) The standard counterfactual projections approach concatenates the effects of initial age structure and subsequent fertility and mortality rates: methods to separate these components are derived.
‘The idea is nice… but not for me’: First-year students’ readiness for large-scale ‘flipped lectures’—what (de)motivates them?
Authors: Velde Robin van der , Blignaut – van Westrhenen Nadine , Labrie Nanon H. M. , Zweekhorst Marjolein B. M.
Published: September 2020

The flipped classroom is proposed as an answer to challenges in higher education. However, studies that explore its influence on first-year student motivation are largely lacking. Using the self-determination theory, this study examines the influence of large-scale flipped lectures, here called ‘expert labs’, on first-year student motivation in the context of a health sciences course (n = 219 students). A mixed-method approach was used, including questionnaires and focus groups with students and tutors. Paper-and-pencil surveys included questionnaires based on the Basic Personal Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale to compare student motivation in both traditional lectures and expert labs. Focus groups explored student’s and teacher’s experiences in relation to strengths and points for improvement of the flipped classroom. Results suggest that a large-scale flipped setting offers a possibility to enhance the relatedness of first-year students through increased interaction and in-class group assignments. First-year students appreciate the flexibility of pre-lecture preparation and an increased understanding of content through active application and peer learning. Nonetheless, first-year students indicate a need for guidance in pre-lecture preparation, explicit expectation management, and possibly the addition of external incentives to be motivated. When designing a large-scale flipped course, the challenge remains to tailor a blended course to support first-year student motivation by, for example, combining teacher support, scaffolding, and an autonomy supporting environment.
It Takes More Than a Good Camera: Which Factors Contribute to Differences Between Face-to-Face Interviews and Videoconference Interviews Regarding Performance Ratings and Interviewee Perceptions?
Authors: Basch Johannes M. , Melchers Klaus G. , Kurz Anja , Krieger Maya , Miller Linda
Published: September 2020

Due to technological progress, videoconference interviews have become more and more common in personnel selection. Nevertheless, even in recent studies, interviewees received lower performance ratings in videoconference interviews than in face-to-face (FTF) interviews and interviewees held more negative perceptions of these interviews. However, the reasons for these differences are unclear. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 114 participants to compare FTF and videoconference interviews regarding interview performance and fairness perceptions and we investigated the role of social presence, eye contact, and impression management for these differences. As in other studies, ratings of interviewees’ performance were lower in the videoconference interview. Differences in perceived social presence, perceived eye contact, and impression management contributed to these effects. Furthermore, live ratings of interviewees’ performance were higher than ratings based on recordings. Additionally, videoconference interviews induced more privacy concerns but were perceived as more flexible. Organizations should take the present results into account and should not use both types of interviews in the same selection stage.
Predicting and Assessing Work Performance of People with Limited Work Capacity (LWC): A Multi-Wave, Multi-Source Study
Authors: van Ruitenbeek Gemma M. C. , Zijlstra Fred R. H. , Hülsheger Ute R.
Published: September 2020

Purpose Occupational integration is vital for the health of all people, also for people with Limited Work Capacity (LWC). Therefore, participation in regular work is a legal right for people that are restricted in their work capacity due to a disability and/or lack sufficient education. Full and effective integration is dependent on the person-job fit, and adequate vocational support should focus on meeting performance standards, as is common practice in traditional personnel selection and development programmes. Despite the huge amount of valid instruments for personnel selection and development, these tests are not suitable people with LWC. Recently, an instrument was developed for assessment and development purposes specifically for this target group. That study provided evidence for reliability and dimensionality this instrument. In our study, we add criterion-related measures to this instrument to demonstrate that assessment at T1 predict performance at T2, thus validating the instrument. Method We conducted a four-source data study, two sources for independent and two for outcome variables, to test the predictive validity of this instrument in a multi-wave setup. Results This study largely supports the validity of the instrument in predicting work behaviour and task performance of people with LWC. More specific, when measures are tailored to this target group, this group is able to predict their work behaviour and task performance accurately just like the general population. Conclusion We conclude that this instrument contributes to science, vocational support practices, and the personal and professional development of people with LWC, which is required for sustainable work.
Molecular adaptation to calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) point mutations leading to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT): comparative analysis of R33Q and D307H mutants
Authors: Valle Giorgia , Arad Michael , Volpe Pompeo
Published: September 2020

Homozygous calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) point mutations leads to catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: a common pathogenetic feature appears to be the drastic reduction of mutant CASQ2 in spite of normal transcription. Comparative biochemical analysis of R33Q and D307H knock in mutant mice identifies different pathogenetic mechanisms for CASQ2 degradation and different molecular adaptive mechanisms. In particular, each CASQ2 point mutation evokes specific adaptive cellular and molecular processes in each of the four adaptive pathways investigated. Thus, similar clinical phenotypes and identical cellular mechanism for cardiac arrhythmia might imply different molecular adaptive mechanisms.
Discriminating larvae of two syntopic Cychramus species (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) by means of bar-HRM analysis
Authors: Zangl Lukas , Oberreiter Hannes , Huss Herbert , Stabentheiner Edith , Sturmbauer Christian , Koblmüller Stephan
Published: September 2020

Molecular genetic methods are increasingly used to supplement or substitute classical morphology-based species identification. Here, we employ a COI mini-barcode coupled high-resolution melting analysis to quickly, cost-efficiently and reliably determine larvae of two closely related Cychramus (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) species. Euclidean distance comparison (p < 0.01) and a Welch t-test of the melting point temperatures (p < 0.01) provide highly significant statistical evidence for species specific differences in melting and fluorescence curves, thus allowing the assignment of larvae to either of the two species. This protocol serves as a fast, low-cost and low-tech method to discriminate between pairs or groups of closely related species and can be adapted and applied to various ecological research questions.
Escitalopram as a modulator of proopiomelanocortin, kisspeptin, Kiss1R and MCHR1 gene expressions in the male rat brain
Authors: Pałasz Artur , Piwowarczyk-Nowak Aneta , Suszka-Świtek Aleksandra , Bogus Katarzyna , Filipczyk Łukasz , Vecchia Alessandra Della , Mordecka-Chamera Kinga , Menezes Itiana Castro , Worthington John J. , Krzystanek Marek , Wiaderkiewicz Ryszard
Published: September 2020

Neuropeptides are important, multifunctional regulatory factors of the nervous system, being considered as a novel, atypical sites of antidepressants action. It has already been proven that some of them, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), are able to affect peptidergic pathways in various brain regions. Despite these reports, there is so far no reports regarding the effect of treatment with SSRIs on brain proopiomelanocortin (POMC), kisspeptin, Kiss1R and MCHR1 gene expression. In the current study we examined POMC, kisspeptin, Kiss1R and MCHR1 mRNA expression in the selected brain structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, cerebellum and brainstem) of rats chronically treated with a 10 mg/kg dose of escitalopram using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Long-term treatment with escitalopram led to the upregulation of MCHR1 expression in the rat amygdala. Kisspeptin mRNA level was also increased in the amygdala, but Kiss1R mRNA expressions were elevated in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and cerebellum. POMC mRNA expressions were in turn decreased in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and brainstem. These results may support the hypothesis that these neuropeptides may be involved in the site-dependent actions of SSRI antidepressants. This is the first report of the effects of escitalopram on POMC, kisspeptin, Kiss1R and MCHR1 in animal brain. Our findings shed a new light on the pharmacology of SSRIs and may contribute to a better understanding of the alternative, neuropeptide-dependent modes of antidepressant action.