bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knee Impedance Modulation to Control an Active Orthosis Using Insole Sensors
Authors: Villa-Parra Ana , Delisle-Rodriguez Denis , Souza Lima Jessica , Frizera-Neto Anselmo , Bastos Teodiano
Published: November 2017

Robotic devices for rehabilitation and gait assistance have greatly advanced with the objective of improving both the mobility and quality of life of people with motion impairments. To encourage active participation of the user, the use of admittance control strategy is one of the most appropriate approaches, which requires methods for online adjustment of impedance components. Such approach is cited by the literature as a challenge to guaranteeing a suitable dynamic performance. This work proposes a method for online knee impedance modulation, which generates variable gains through the gait cycle according to the users’ anthropometric data and gait sub-phases recognized with footswitch signals. This approach was evaluated in an active knee orthosis with three variable gain patterns to obtain a suitable condition to implement a stance controller: two different gain patterns to support the knee in stance phase, and a third pattern for gait without knee support. The knee angle and torque were measured during the experimental protocol to compare both temporospatial parameters and kinematics data with other studies of gait with knee exoskeletons. The users rated scores related to their satisfaction with both the device and controller through QUEST questionnaires. Experimental results showed that the admittance controller proposed here offered knee support in 50% of the gait cycle, and the walking speed was not significantly different between the three gain patterns (p = 0.067). A positive effect of the controller on users regarding safety during gait was found with a score of 4 in a scale of 5. Therefore, the approach demonstrates good performance to adjust impedance components providing knee support in stance phase.
ECG Signal De-noising and Baseline Wander Correction Based on CEEMDAN and Wavelet Threshold
Authors: Xu Yang , Luo Mingzhang , Li Tao , Song Gangbing
Published: November 2017

A novel electrocardiogram (ECG) signal de-noising and baseline wander correction method based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and wavelet threshold is proposed. Although CEEMDAN is based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD), it represents a significant improvement of the original EMD by overcoming the mode-mixing problem. However, there has been no previous study on using CEEMDAN to de-noise ECG signals, to the authors’ best knowledge. In the proposed method, the original noisy ECG signal is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) sorted from high to low frequency by CEEMDAN. Each IMF is then analyzed by the autocorrelation method to find out the first few high frequency IMFs containing random noise, and these IMFs should be de-noised by the wavelet threshold. The zero-crossing rate (ZCR) of all IMFs, including final residue, are computed, and the IMFs with ZCR less than a certain value are removed. Finally, the remaining IMFs are reconstructed to obtain the clean ECG signal. The proposed algorithm is validated through experiments using the MIT–BIH ECG databases, and the results show that the random noise in the ECG signal can be effectively suppressed, and at the same time the baseline wander can be corrected efficiently.
Four Weeks of Off-Season Training Improves Peak Oxygen Consumption in Female Field Hockey Players
Authors: Funch Lindsey , Lind Erik , True Larissa , Van Langen Deborah , Foley John , Hokanson James
Published: November 2017

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in peak oxygen consumption ( V ˙O2peak) and running economy (RE) following four-weeks of high intensity training and concurrent strength and conditioning during the off-season in collegiate female field hockey players. Fourteen female student-athletes (age 19.29 ± 0.91 years) were divided into two training groups, matched from baseline V ˙O2peak: High Intensity Training (HITrun; n = 8) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT; n = 6). Participants completed 12 training sessions. HITrun consisted of 30 min of high-intensity running, while HIIT consisted of a series of whole-body high intensity Tabata-style intervals (75–85% of age predicted maximum heart rate) for a total of four minutes. In addition to the interval training, the off-season training included six resistance training sessions, three team practices, and concluded with a team scrimmage. V ˙O2peak was measured pre- and post-training to determine the effectiveness of the training program. A two-way mixed (group × time) ANOVA showed a main effect of time with a statistically significant difference in V ˙O2peak from pre- to post-testing, F(1, 12) = 12.657, p = 0.004, partial η2 = 0.041. Average (±SD) V ˙O2peak increased from 44.64 ± 3.74 to 47.35 ± 3.16 mL·kg−1·min−1 for HIIT group and increased from 45.39 ± 2.80 to 48.22 ± 2.42 mL·kg−1·min−1 for HITrun group. Given the similar improvement in aerobic power, coaches and training staff may find the time saving element of HIIT-type conditioning programs attractive.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Rat Renal Tumours Caused by Ochratoxin A
Authors: Herman Diana , Mantle Peter
Published: November 2017

Experimental renal cancer caused by ochratoxin A (OTA) in rats was first defined in the US National Toxicology Program (1989) and raised questions about any aetiological role in human urinary tract tumours. A review of histopathology in several rat kidney tumours from dietary OTA in recently described London studies, augmented by clinical immunohistochemistry for the first time for this mycotoxin, establishes their renal tubular cell origin. It had been assumed that the toxin might cause the human urothelial tumours associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy, but the present study could not support this. Comparison with a similar review of a metastasising renal tumour from a female rat of the NTP study consistently shows the kidney as the primary carcinogenic site for OTA. Morphological heterogeneity of these kidney tumours as epithelioid and/or sarcomatoid is revealed. Leiomyosarcoma was also diagnosed, and rhabdomyosarcoma differentiation was observed in the exceptionally aggressive NTP female tumour. The present pilot study involving immunohistochemistry indicates need for wider review of archived tumours for experimental evidence before formulating any epidemiological basis from a rat model for OTA’s relevance to idiopathic human renal cell carcinoma. Although the NTP study concluded that females are less sensitive to OTA than males, some female tumours still had heterogeneous morphology.
Estimating Sediment Flushing Efficiency of a Shaft Spillway Pipe and Bed Evolution in a Reservoir
Authors: Chen Ching-Nuo , Tsai Chih-Heng
Published: November 2017

Control of reservoir sedimentation in order to ensure their sustainable use has drawn attention among water engineers and water resource managers. Several methods have been proposed, but most of the developed methodologies are incapable of modelling bed evolutions, while at the same time, compute sediment flushing efficiency. In this study a two-dimensional bed evolution model is proposed to estimate sediment distribution, bed evolution and sediment flushing efficiency of reservoirs. A-Gong-Dian reservoir, in southern Taiwan, is used as an illustrative example. Typhoon events were used to verify the proposed model. Simulations were conducted for one and two-day storm events under return periods, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200-year. The results indicated that the average sediment flushing efficiency of the shaft spillway under one and two-day storms were close, 58.50% and 59.39%, respectively. These results were similar to observed laboratory tests experiments, where an efficiency of 65.34% was obtained. This study suggests that the applied model could be adopted to ensure the sustainable use of reservoirs, and also to find an optimal area for the location of a shaft spillway pipe. Therefore, the proposed model could serve as a reference to the reservoir management personnel.
Impact of Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainfall Inputs on Integrated Catchment Dissolved Oxygen Simulations
Authors: Moreno-Rodenas Antonio , Cecinati Francesca , Langeveld Jeroen , Clemens Francois
Published: November 2017

Integrated Catchment Modelling aims to simulate jointly urban drainage systems, wastewater treatment plant and rivers. The effect of rainfall input uncertainties in the modelling of individual urban drainage systems has been discussed in several studies already. However, this influence changes when simultaneously simulating several urban drainage subsystems and their impact on receiving water quality. This study investigates the effect of the characteristics of rainfall inputs on a large-scale integrated catchment simulator for dissolved oxygen predictions in the River Dommel (The Netherlands). Rainfall products were generated with varying time-aggregation (10, 30 and 60 min) deriving from different sources of data with increasing spatial information: (1) Homogeneous rainfall from a single rain gauge; (2) block kriging from 13 rain gauges; (3) averaged C-Band radar estimation and (4) kriging with external drift combining radar and rain gauge data with change of spatial support. The influence of the different rainfall inputs was observed at combined sewer overflows (CSO) and dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics in the river. Comparison of the simulations with river monitoring data showed a low sensitivity to temporal aggregation of rainfall inputs and a relevant impact of the spatial scale with a link to the storm characteristics to CSO and DO concentration in the receiving water.
Short-Term and Long-Term Hearing Aid Benefit and User Satisfaction: A Comparison between Two Fitting Protocols
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng , Doherty Karen A. , Kordas Tammy M. , Pellegrino Joseph T.
Published: December 2017

Currently published hearing aid fitting protocols recommend speech-in-noise testing and loudness measures, but it remains unclear how these measures affect hearing aid benefit and user satisfaction. This study compared two protocols in their effects on benefit and satisfaction. Protocol
A included an electroacoustic analysis, real-ear measures, and hearing aid adjustments based on users' comments. Protocol B included all of Protocol A and a speech-in-noise test, loudness discomfort levels, and aided loudness. Thirty-two participants completed the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing
Aid Benefit (APHAB) and the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (SADL) at 45 days and three months post–initial fitting. Fewer hearing aid adjustments were made to the hearing aids for participants fitted with Protocol B than participants fitted with Protocol A, but final gains
were similar for both groups. Although similar APHAB scores were obtained for both protocols, SADL scores decreased between 45 days and three months for Protocol A. Los protocoles de amplificación de auxiliares auditivo actualmente publicados recomiendan pruebas de lenguaje en ruido
y mediciones de apreciación subjetiva de la intensidad (sonoridad), pero no está claro cómo estas mediciones afectan el beneficio de un auxiliar auditivo y la satisfacción del usuario. El estudio comparó dos protocolos en cuanto a sus efectos sobre beneficio
y satisfacción. El Protocolo A incluyó un análisis electroacústico, mediciones de oído real y ajuste en el auxiliar auditivo basados en los comentarios del usuario. El Protocolo B incluyó todas las pruebas del Protocolo A, además de una prueba
de audición en ruido, de niveles de molestia en la apreciación subjetiva de la intensidad y de sonoridad amplificada. Treinta y dos participantes completaron el Perfil Abreviado de Beneficio del Auxiliar Auditivo (APHAB) y la prueba de Satisfacción con la Amplificación
en la Vida Diaria (SADL) a los 45 días y a los tres meses de la adaptación inicial. Tuvieron que hacerse menos ajustes en el audífono en los auxiliares auditivos de participantes adaptados con el Protocolo B, que en los participantes adaptados con el Protocolo A, pero
las ganancias finales fueron similares en ambos grupos. Aunque se obtuvieron puntajes APHAB similares en ambos protocolos, los puntajes SADL disminuyeron entre los 45 días y los tres meses para el Protocolo A.
The Words-in-Noise (WIN) Test with Multitalker Babble and Speech-Spectrum Noise Maskers
Authors: Wilson Richard H. , Carnell Crystal S. , Cleghorn Amber L.
Published: December 2017

The Words-in-Noise (WIN) test uses monosyllabic words in seven signal-to-noise ratios of multitalker babble (MTB) to evaluate the ability of individuals to understand speech in background noise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the criterion validity of the WIN by comparing
recognition performances under MTB and speech-spectrum noise (SSN) using listeners with normal hearing and listeners with hearing loss. The MTB and SSN had identical rms and similar spectra but different amplitude-modulation characteristics. The performances by the listeners with normal hearing,
which were 2 dB better in MTB than in SSN, were about 10 dB better than the performances by the listeners with hearing loss, which were about 0.5 dB better in MTB with 56% of the listeners better in MTB and 40% better in SSN. The slopes of the functions for the normal-hearing listeners (8–9%/dB)
were steeper than the functions for the listeners with hearing loss (5–6%/dB). The data indicate that the WIN has good criterion validity. La prueba de Palabras en Ruido (WIN) utiliza palabras monosilábicas en siete tasas de señal/ruido de balbuceo de hablantes múltiples
(MTB) para evaluar la capacidad de los individuos de entender lenguaje el medio de ruido de fondo. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el criterio de validez del WIN comparando el desempeño en reconocimiento del lenguaje bajo ruido MTB y con ruido en el espectro del lenguaje
(SSN), utilizando sujetos con audición normal y sujetos con hipoacusia. El MTB y el SSN tienen rms idénticos, y espectros similares, pero diferentes características de modulación de la amplitud. El desempeño de los normo-oyentes, que fue 2 dB mejor en MTB
que en SSN, fue 10 dB mejor que el desempeño de los sujetos hipoacúsicos, resultando alrededor de 0.5 dB mejor para MTB, con 56% de los sujetos respondiendo mejor en MTB y 40% mejor en SSN. Las pendientes de la funciones para los sujetos normo-oyentes (8–9 %/dB) fueron
más empinadas que las funciones de los sujetos hipoacúsicos (5–6 %/dB). Los datos indican que el WIN tiene un buen criterio de validez.
Genome Targeted Introgression of Resistance to African Stem Rust from Aegilops sharonensis into Bread Wheat
Authors: Millet Eitan , Steffenson Brian J. , Prins Renée , Sela Hanan , Przewieslik‐Allen Alexandra M. , Pretorius Zacharias A.
Published: November 2017

Many accessions of the wheat wild relative Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis Eig., AES) are resistant to African races of the stem rust pathogen (i.e., Ug99 group races), which currently threaten wheat production worldwide. A procedure was designed to introgress the respective resistances to specific bread wheat genomes by producing plants homozygous for the A and B genomes and hemizygous for the D and Ssh genomes or homozygous for the A and D genomes and hemizygous for the B and Ssh genomes. In these genotypes, which lack the Ph1 allele, homeologous pairing was expected mainly between chromosomes of the D and Ssh genomes or B and Ssh genomes, respectively. An antigametocidal (AG) wheat mutant (Gc2mut/Gc2mut) was used to overcome gametocidal effects. Wheat lines initially found resistant at the seedling stage were also highly resistant at the adult plant stage in rust nurseries established in the field. DNA of 41 selected homozygous resistant lines, analyzed by the Axiom wheat 820K SNP array, showed alien chromatin mainly in wheat chromosomes 1B, 1D, and 5B. This work suggests that, in most cases, it is possible to target introgressions into the homeologous chromosome of a selected genome of bread wheat.
Nanolensed Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Eichler David
Published: November 2017

It is suggested that fast radio bursts can probe gravitational lensing by clumpy dark matter objects that range in mass from 10−3
M
⊙–102
M
⊙. They may provide a more sensitive probe than observations of lensings of objects in the Magellanic Clouds, and could find or rule out clumpy dark matter with an extended mass spectrum.
The Effects of Protostellar Disk Turbulence on CO Emission Lines: A Comparison Study of Disks with Constant CO Abundance versus Chemically Evolving Disks
Authors: Yu Mo , Evans Neal J. , Dodson-Robinson Sarah E. , Willacy Karen , Turner Neal J.
Published: November 2017

Turbulence is the leading candidate for angular momentum transport in protoplanetary disks and therefore influences disk lifetimes and planet formation timescales. However, the turbulent properties of protoplanetary disks are poorly constrained observationally. Recent studies have found turbulent speeds smaller than what fully-developed MRI would produce (Flaherty et al.). However, existing studies assumed a constant CO/H2 ratio of 10−4 in locations where CO is not frozen-out or photo-dissociated. Our previous studies of evolving disk chemistry indicate that CO is depleted by incorporation into complex organic molecules well inside the freeze-out radius of CO. We consider the effects of this chemical depletion on measurements of turbulence. Simon et al. suggested that the ratio of the peak line flux to the flux at line center of the CO J = 3–2 transition is a reasonable diagnostic of turbulence, so we focus on that metric, while adding some analysis of the more complex effects on spatial distribution. We simulate the emission lines of CO based on chemical evolution models presented in Yu et al., and find that the peak-to-trough ratio changes as a function of time as CO is destroyed. Specifically, a CO-depleted disk with high turbulent velocity mimics the peak-to-trough ratios of a non-CO-depleted disk with lower turbulent velocity. We suggest that disk observers and modelers take into account the possibility of CO depletion when using line profiles or peak-to-trough ratios to constrain the degree of turbulence in disks. Assuming that

at all disk radii can lead to underestimates of turbulent speeds in the disk by at least 0.2 km s−1.
Bow Ties in the Sky. II. Searching for Gamma-Ray Halos in the Fermi Sky Using Anisotropy
Authors: Tiede Paul , Broderick Avery E. , Shalaby Mohamad , Pfrommer Christoph , Puchwein Ewald , Chang Philip , Lamberts Astrid
Published: November 2017

Many-degree-scale gamma-ray halos are expected to surround extragalactic high-energy gamma-ray sources. These arise from the inverse Compton emission of an intergalactic population of relativistic electron/positron pairs generated by the annihilation of

gamma rays on the extragalactic background light. These are typically anisotropic due to the jetted structure from which they originate (in the case of radio galaxies) or are oriented perpendicular to a large-scale intergalactic magnetic field (for blazar geometries). Here, we propose a novel method for detecting these inverse Compton gamma-ray halos based on this anisotropic structure that is centered on the active galactic nucleus (AGN). By marginalizing over the radial distribution of halo photons, we demonstrate that the angular power spectrum shows a characteristic sawtooth pattern with a dominant dipolar power and elevated even multipoles. Specifically, we show that by stacking those angular power spectra instead of images, it is possible to robustly detect gamma-ray halos with existing Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations for a broad class of intergalactic magnetic fields. Importantly, by testing a large number of systematics, our suggested power spectrum statistics appears to be robust and unbiased with respect to systematic uncertainties within the LAT instrumental response and associated with contaminating astronomical sources.
Phase Offsets and the Energy Budgets of Hot Jupiters
Authors: Schwartz Joel C. , Kashner Zane , Jovmir Diana , Cowan Nicolas B.
Published: November 2017

Thermal phase curves of short-period planets on circular orbits provide joint constraints on the fraction of incoming energy that is reflected (Bond albedo) and the fraction of absorbed energy radiated by the night hemisphere (heat recirculation efficiency). Many empirical studies of hot Jupiters have implicitly assumed that the dayside is the hottest hemisphere and the nightside is the coldest hemisphere. For a given eclipse depth and phase amplitude, an orbital lag between a planet’s peak brightness and its eclipse—a phase offset—implies that planet’s nightside emits greater flux. To quantify how phase offsets impact the energy budgets of short-period planets, we compile all infrared observations of the nine planets with multi-band eclipse depths and phase curves. Accounting for phase offsets shifts planets to lower Bond albedo and greater day–night heat transport, usually by ≲1σ. For WASP-12b, the published phase variations have been analyzed in two different ways, and the inferred energy budget depends sensitively on which analysis one adopts. Our fiducial scenario supports a Bond albedo of

, significantly higher than the published optical geometric albedo, and a recirculation efficiency of

, following the trend of larger day–night temperature contrast with greater stellar irradiation. If instead we adopt the alternative analysis, then WASP-12b has a Bond albedo consistent with zero and a much higher recirculation efficiency. To definitively determine the energy budget of WASP-12b, new observational analyses will be necessary.
An Observationally Constrained 3D Potential-field Source-surface Model for the Evolution of Longitude-dependent Coronal Structures
Authors: Everson Rosa Wallace , Dikpati Mausumi
Published: November 2017

The improvement of techniques for realistically modeling the solar magnetic field has been a priority in solar physics for decades. The challenge of creating synoptic maps of the photosphere that reliably reflect conditions at all locations concurrently is a major limitation to progress in this area. White-light coronal images, which contain morphological information about the 3D corona at the solar limb, have been largely overlooked as a resource for constraining or correcting synoptic maps. We explore a complementary approach to traditional magnetogram-based coronal field solutions that makes use of these images. Applying a modified 3D potential-field source-surface (PFSS) model, we investigate the use of MLSO white-light coronal images for deriving 3D coronal morphology by empirically fitting model solutions with observations only. Applying an iterative technique to coronal image data from the solar minima preceding Cycles 22, 23, and 24, and the ascending phase of Cycle 23, we obtain model solutions as linear combinations of low order and degree spherical harmonics. We find that the 3D morphology produced by our method agrees qualitatively with traditional magnetogram-based PFSS approaches for coronas that are dipole dominated. For more complex coronas, additional constraints are needed to account for polarity and correct interpretation of coronal structures. Estimates of the relative strength of dipoles versus multipoles in the coronal field also agree with traditional methods, but the contributions of specific multipoles do not, revealing nonuniqueness in our results. Future work will incorporate magnetogram-based solutions prior to applying the iterative technique.
NuSTAR View of the Black Hole Wind in the Galaxy Merger IRAS F11119+3257
Authors: Tombesi F. , Veilleux S. , Meléndez M. , Lohfink A. , Reeves J. N. , Piconcelli E. , Fiore F. , Feruglio C.
Published: November 2017

Galactic winds driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been invoked to play a fundamental role in the co-evolution between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. Finding observational evidence of such feedback mechanisms is of crucial importance and it requires a multi-wavelength approach in order to compare winds at different scales and phases. In Tombesi et al., we reported the detection of a powerful ultra-fast outflow (UFO) in the Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy IRAS F11119+3257. The comparison with a galaxy-scale OH molecular outflow observed with Herschel in the same source supported the energy-conserving scenario for AGN feedback. The main objective of this work is to perform an independent check of the Suzaku results using the higher sensitivity and wider X-ray continuum coverage of NuSTAR. We clearly detect a highly ionized Fe K UFO in the 100 ks NuSTAR spectrum with parameters N
H = (3.2 ± 1.5) × 1024 cm−2, log ξ = 

erg s−1 cm, and

. The launching radius is likely at a distance of r ≥ 16r

s
from the black hole. The mass outflow rate is in the range of

 ≃ 0.5–2 M
⊙ yr−1. The UFO momentum rate and power are

 ≃ 0.5–2 L
AGN/c and

 ≃ 7%–27% L
AGN, respectively. The UFO parameters are consistent between the 2013 Suzaku and the 2015 NuSTAR observations. Only the column density is found to be variable, possibly suggesting a clumpy wind. The comparison with the energetics of molecular outflows estimated in infrared and millimeter wavelengths support a connection between the nuclear and galaxy-scale winds in luminous AGNs.
Observations of the GRB Afterglow ATLAS17aeu and Its Possible Association with GW 170104
Authors: Stalder B. , Tonry J. , Smartt S. J. , Coughlin M. , Chambers K. C. , Stubbs C. W. , Chen T.-W. , Kankare E. , Smith K. W. , Denneau L. , Sherstyuk A. , Heinze A. , Weiland H. , Rest A. , Young D. R. , Huber M. E. , Flewelling H. , Lowe T. , Magnier E. A. , Schultz A. S. B. , Waters C. , Wainscoat R. , Willman M. , Wright D. E. , Chu J. , Sanders D. , Inserra C. , Maguire K. , Kotak R.
Published: November 2017

We report the discovery and multiwavelength data analysis of the peculiar optical transient, ATLAS17aeu. This transient was identified in the sky map of the LIGO gravitational wave event GW 170104 by our ATLAS and Pan-STARRS coverage. ATLAS17aeu was discovered 23.1 hr after GW 170104 and rapidly faded over the next three nights, with a spectrum revealing a blue featureless continuum. The transient was also detected as a fading X-ray source by Swift and in the radio at 6 and 15 GHz. The gamma-ray burst GRB 170105A was detected by three satellites 19.04 hr after GW 170104 and 4.10 hr before our first optical detection. We analyze the multiwavelength fluxes in the context of the known GRB population and discuss the observed sky rates of GRBs and their afterglows. We find it statistically likely that ATLAS17aeu is an afterglow associated with GRB 170105A, with a chance coincidence ruled out at the 99% confidence or 2.6σ. A long, soft GRB within a redshift range of

would be consistent with all the observed multiwavelength data. The Poisson probability of a chance occurrence of GW 170104 and ATLAS17aeu is p = 0.04. This is the probability of a chance coincidence in 2D sky location and in time. These observations indicate that ATLAS17aeu is plausibly a normal GRB afterglow at significantly higher redshift than the distance constraint for GW 170104 and therefore a chance coincidence. However, if a redshift of the faint host were to place it within the GW 170104 distance range, then physical association with GW 170104 should be considered.
HST/COS Far-ultraviolet Spectroscopic Analysis of U Geminorum Following a Wide Outburst*
Authors: Godon Patrick , Shara Michael M. , Sion Edward M. , Zurek David
Published: November 2017

We used the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain a series of four far-ultraviolet (FUV; 915–2148 Å) spectroscopic observations of the prototypical dwarf nova U Geminorum during its cooling following a two-week outburst. Our FUV spectral analysis of the data indicates that the white dwarf (WD) cools from a temperature of ∼41,500 K, 15 days after the peak of the outburst, to ∼36,250 K, 56 days after the peak of the outburst, assuming a massive WD (log(g) = 8.8) and a distance of 100.4 ± 3.7 pc. These results are self-consistent with a ∼1.1 M
⊙ WD with a 5000 ± 200 km radius. The spectra show absorption lines of H i, He ii, C ii iii iv, N iii iv, O vi, S iv, Si ii iii iv, Al iii, Ar iii, and Fe ii, but no emission features. We find suprasolar abundances of nitrogen, confirming the anomalous high N/C ratio. The FUV light curve reveals a ±5% modulation with the orbital phase, showing dips near phases 0.25 and ∼0.75, where the spectra exhibit an increase in the depth of some absorption lines and in particular strong absorption lines from Si ii, Al iii, and Ar iii. The phase dependence we observe is consistent with material overflowing the disk rim at the hot spot, reaching a maximum elevation near phase 0.75, falling back at smaller radii near phase 0.5 where it bounces off the disk surface, and again rising above the disk near phase ∼0.25. There is a large scatter in the absorption lines’ velocities, especially for the silicon lines, while the carbon lines seem to match more closely the orbital velocity of the WD. This indicates that many absorption lines are affected by—or form in—the overflowing stream material veiling the WD, making the analysis of the WD spectra more difficult.
Evolution of Proton and Alpha Particle Velocities through the Solar Cycle
Authors: Ďurovcová T. , Šafránková J. , Němeček Z. , Richardson J. D.
Published: November 2017

Relative properties of solar wind protons and α particles are often used as indicators of a source region on the solar surface, and analysis of their evolution along the solar wind path tests our understanding of physics of multicomponent magnetized plasma. The paper deals with the comprehensive analysis of the difference between proton and α particle bulk velocities at 1 au with a special emphasis on interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). A comparison of about 20 years of Wind observations at 1 au with Helios measurements closer to the Sun (0.3–0.7 au) generally confirms the present knowledge that (1) the differential speed between both species increases with the proton speed; (2) the differential speed is lower than the local Alfvén speed; (3) α particles are faster than protons near the Sun, and this difference decreases with the increasing distance. However, we found a much larger portion of observations with protons faster than α particles in Wind than in Helios data and attributed this effect to a preferential acceleration of the protons in the solar wind. A distinct population characterized by a very small differential velocity and nearly equal proton and α particle temperatures that is frequently observed around the maximum of solar activity was attributed to ICMEs. Since this population does not exhibit any evolution with increasing collisional age, we suggest that, by contrast to the solar wind from other sources, ICMEs are born in an equilibrium state and gradually lose this equilibrium due to interactions with the ambient solar wind.
GASP. VIII. Capturing the Birth of a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy in a Merging System at z ∼ 0.05
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta , Moretti Alessia , Poggianti Bianca M. , Fasano Giovanni , Fritz Jacopo , Gullieuszik Marco , Duc Pierre-Alain , Jaffé Yara , Bettoni Daniela
Published: November 2017

Within the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE (GASP) sample, we identified an ongoing 1:1 merger between 2 galaxies and the consequent formation of a tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG). The system is observed at z = 0.05043 and is part of a poor group. Exploiting the exquisite quality of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE)/Very Large Telescope data, we present the spatially resolved kinematics and physical properties of gas and stars of this object and describe its evolutionary history. An old (luminosity weighted age ∼2 × 109 yr), gas-poor, early-type-like galaxy is merging with a younger (luminosity weighted age ∼2.5 × 108 yr), gas-rich, late-type galaxy. The system has a quite strong metallicity gradient, which is indicative of an early-stage phase. Comparing the spatial extension of the star formation at different epochs, we date the beginning of the merger between 2 × 107 yr < t < 5.7 × 108 yr ago. The gas kinematic pattern reflects that of the late-type object and is distorted in correspondence to the location of the impact. The stellar kinematic instead is more chaotic, as expected for mergers. The gas redistribution in the system induces high levels of star formation between the two components, where we indeed detect the birth of the TDG. This stellar structure has a mass of ∼6 × 109
M
⊙, a radius of ∼2 kpc, and even though it has already accreted large quantities of gas and stars, it is still located within the disk of the progenitor, is characterized by a high velocity dispersion, indicating that it is still forming, is dusty, and has high levels of star formation (star formation rate ∼ 0.3 M
⊙ yr−1). This TDG is originated in an early-stage merger, while these structures usually form in more evolved systems.
Large-amplitude Longitudinal Oscillations Triggered by the Merging of Two Solar Filaments: Observations and Magnetic Field Analysis
Authors: Luna M. , Su Y. , Schmieder B. , Chandra R. , Kucera T. A.
Published: November 2017

We follow the eruption of two related intermediate filaments observed in Hα (from GONG) and EUV (from Solar Dynamics Observatory SDO/Atmospheric Imaging assembly AIA) and the resulting large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations of the plasma in the filament channels. The events occurred in and around the decayed active region AR12486 on 2016 January 26. Our detailed study of the oscillation reveals that the periods of the oscillations are about one hour. In Hα, the period decreases with time and exhibits strong damping. The analysis of 171 Å images shows that the oscillation has two phases: an initial long-period phase and a subsequent oscillation with a shorter period. In this wavelength, the damping appears weaker than in Hα. The velocity is the largest ever detected in a prominence oscillation, approximately 100

. Using SDO/HMI magnetograms, we reconstruct the magnetic field of the filaments, modeled as flux ropes by using a flux-rope insertion method. Applying seismological techniques, we determine that the radii of curvature of the field lines in which cool plasma is condensed are in the range 75–120 Mm, in agreement with the reconstructed field. In addition, we infer a field strength of ≥7 to 30 Gauss, depending on the electron density assumed, that is also in agreement with the values from the reconstruction (8–20 Gauss). The poloidal flux is zero and the axis flux is on the order of 1020 to 1021 Mx, confirming the high shear existing even in a non-active filament.
Plasmoid Instability in Forming Current Sheets
Authors: Comisso L. , Lingam M. , Huang Y.-M. , Bhattacharjee A.
Published: November 2017

The plasmoid instability has revolutionized our understanding of magnetic reconnection in astrophysical environments. By preventing the formation of highly elongated reconnection layers, it is crucial in enabling the rapid energy conversion rates that are characteristic of many astrophysical phenomena. Most previous studies have focused on Sweet–Parker current sheets, which are unattainable in typical astrophysical systems. Here we derive a general set of scaling laws for the plasmoid instability in resistive and visco-resistive current sheets that evolve over time. Our method relies on a principle of least time that enables us to determine the properties of the reconnecting current sheet (aspect ratio and elapsed time) and the plasmoid instability (growth rate, wavenumber, inner layer width) at the end of the linear phase. After this phase the reconnecting current sheet is disrupted and fast reconnection can occur. The scaling laws of the plasmoid instability are not simple power laws, and they depend on the Lundquist number (S), the magnetic Prandtl number (P

m
), the noise of the system (

), the characteristic rate of current sheet evolution (

), and the thinning process. We also demonstrate that previous scalings are inapplicable to the vast majority of astrophysical systems. We explore the implications of the new scaling relations in astrophysical systems such as the solar corona and the interstellar medium. In both of these systems, we show that our scaling laws yield values for the growth rate, wavenumber, and aspect ratio that are much smaller than the Sweet–Parker–based scalings.
Trends in Joint Replacement Surgery in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Young Bradley L. , Watson Shawna L. , Perez Jorge L. , McGwin Gerald , Singh Jasvinder A. , Ponce Brent A.
Published: December 2017

Objective.

This study analyzed trends in large total joint arthroplasties (TJA) and in the proportion of these procedures performed on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

The US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2012) was used to identify the incidences of total shoulder (TSA), elbow (TEA), knee (TKA), hip (THA), and ankle (TAA) arthroplasty and the proportion of these performed with coexisting RA.

Results.

The prevalence of RA among patients with TJA increased 3.0%. The prevalence of RA among cases of TEA and TSA decreased by 50% (p < 0.0001) and 18% (p = 0.0016), respectively; a 38.0% decrease occurred in the prevalence of RA among TAA (p = 0.06); and nonsignificant increases were seen among THA and TKA. The average age difference between RA and non-RA patients undergoing TJA narrowed by 2 years (p < 0.0001). There was a greater reduction in the proportion of TSA, TEA, and TAA groups among women with RA than men with RA. In the TSA and TEA groups, there was a reduction in the proportion of whites with RA, but not blacks. The proportion of privately insured TSA and TAA patients with RA decreased, while patients with RA undergoing TSA, TEA, or TAA who were receiving Medicaid (government medical insurance) remained relatively stable over time.

Conclusion.

The prevalence of RA has decreased among TSA and TEA patients. A nonsignificant decline occurred among TAA patients. The average age of TJA patients with RA is beginning to mirror those without RA. Sex ratios for TSA, TEA, and TAA patients are following a similar pattern. These results may be evidence of the success of modern RA treatment strategies.
Fœtopathies infectieuses
Authors: Kieffer François , Lachtar Mohamed
Published: November 2017

Parmi les infections congénitales, le cytomégalovirus ( cmv ) a l’incidence la plus élevée en France mais ne fait pas l’objet d’un dépistage systématique en raison des difficultés diagnostiques, des récurrences et de l’absence de traitement prénatal validé. Sa prise en charge postnatale a beaucoup changé ces dernières années avec l’introduction du valgancyclovir qui permet un traitement oral de 6 semaines à 6 mois. L’incidence de la toxoplasmose congénitale décroît depuis plusieurs décennies et est environ dix fois moindre que celle du cmv . Sa prise en charge pré et postnatale a permis d’en atténuer fortement la gravité avec un bon pronostic neurosensoriel à long terme. Le lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( lcmv ) et le Zika virus, dont les vecteurs sont respectivement les rongeurs et les moustiques Aedes , sont responsables d’atteintes cérébrales sévères avec calcifications diffuses, hydrocéphalie et atrophie cérébrale et n’ont pas de traitement antiviral connu.
Parcours de soins périnatals et grande précarité : expérience du réseau solipam (Solidarité Paris Maman Île-de-France)
Authors: Herschkorn Barnu Paule
Published: November 2017

La grande précarité psychosociale ne fait que croître en Île-de‑France depuis quinze ans, touchant de plus en plus de femmes enceintes et d’enfants. Déclaration de grossesse tardive, moindre recours au diagnostic prénatal, peu ou pas d’accès à l’entretien prénatal précoce et à la préparation à la naissance, non-prise en compte de la précarité sociale comme un véritable facteur de risque médical dans les protocoles de soins… la non-conformité du suivi de grossesse s’ajoute aux risques somatiques, physiques et psychologiques de la grande exclusion pour faire de ces situations périnatales des cas cliniques complexes qui menacent la santé des femmes et des enfants concernés. Cette question de santé publique mobilise tous les acteurs du réseau solipam (Solidarité Paris Maman idf ), réseau régional de santé périnatalité/grande précarité, dans une même volonté d’intégrer les risques environnementaux dans le projet de soins périnatals de la mère et de son enfant.
Grossesse et prévention
Authors: Molénat Françoise , Toubin Rose-Marie , Panagiotou Danaé
Published: November 2017

L’intérêt d’une démarche de prévention précoce, dès la grossesse, relève de l’évidence. Elle nécessite cependant un profond changement de culture pour toutes les disciplines, puisqu’il s’agit d’ouvrir au plus tôt un dialogue approfondi avec les futurs parents, afin d’ajuster le suivi global à leurs besoins spécifiques, et d’intégrer dans ce suivi toutes les composantes de santé qui interviendront dans le développement de l’enfant. La cohérence et la continuité dans les pratiques professionnelles périnatales sont identifiées comme un élément structurant majeur auprès des parents vulnérables et des enfants dans la succession des étapes. Le décloisonnement progressif des services et des disciplines a ouvert des perspectives neuves et permis l’élaboration d’un Plan de périnatalité novateur, validé par les études les plus récentes en neurobiologie. Les obstacles restent cependant importants et ne se réduisent pas à un manque de moyens, mais tout autant à une réorganisation des modes d’accompagnement très précoces. Un état des lieux qualitatif concernant la mise en place des mesures proposées par le Plan 2005-2007 a permis d’identifier les mécanismes d’avancée ou de frein. Parmi ces mesures, le déploiement des formations cliniques interdisciplinaires réunissant les champs médical, social et psychologique/psychiatrique, dans la continuité des interventions, demeure un impératif.
Concevoir un référentiel de compétences pour les étudiants entrepreneurs : la démarche PEPITE
Authors: Brenet Pascale , Schieb-Bienfait Nathalie , Authier Jérôme
Published: November 2017

Les responsables et animateurs du réseau national des PEPITE ont souhaité développer un référentiel national de compétences en entrepreneuriat pour les jeunes de l’enseignement supérieur. Il s’agissait de se doter d’un outil commun, visant à harmoniser les pratiques au sein du réseau. Ils se sont appuyés pour cela sur une démarche de conception itérative, en testant les propositions retenues et leur appropriation par l’ensemble des parties prenantes. Ils ont associé à cette construction des acteurs chargés de l’accompagnement des étudiants entrepreneurs, ainsi que des enseignants chercheurs en entrepreneuriat et en sciences de l’éducation et des étudiants entrepreneurs. Cet article retrace la démarche engagée depuis deux ans, questionnant les choix retenus ainsi que la pertinence et la portée d’un tel outil à l’issue d’une première phase de test réalisée au printemps 2017. Identifié comme utile par les chargés d’accompagnement comme par les étudiants, l’outil requiert pour son déploiement un accompagnement national et la définition d’un cahier des charges précis pour en expliquer les choix, les étapes et les usages.
« Nos premiers jeunes entrepreneurs mentorés commencent à devenir mentors ! »
Authors: Verzat Caroline
Published: November 2017

Créé en 2009, le Moovjee a accompagné 850 jeunes entrepreneurs entre 18 et 30 ans. Près de 90 % des 350 entreprises créées depuis 2009 sont pérennes. Bénédicte Sanson, qui a lancé le Moovjee avec Dominique Restino, raconte ici son parcours personnel et l’histoire du Moovjee. Elle met en évidence ses valeurs et son mode de fonctionnement communautaire autour d’entrepreneurs mentors bénévoles dont la vocation principale est d’aider les jeunes à assumer leur identité d’entrepreneur. Elle souligne quelques conditions clé tenant aux postures d’accompagnement facilitant la transition identitaire de l’école à l’entrepreneuriat et met en évidence les défis qui se posent aujourd’hui pour former les mentors, toucher des jeunes moins favorisés et développer le Moovjee au-delà de l’écosystème parisien.
Le football italien des guerres mussoliniennes à la guerre civile
Authors: Dietschy Paul
Published: November 2017

Le football a occupé une place ambivalente dans la politique sportive fasciste. Il a souvent été critiqué pour la violence de ses supporters et des joueurs professionnels décrits comme des mercenaires. Le maintien du championnat de série A en septembre 1940 doit toutefois attester de la normalité de la situation malgré les échecs répétés des guerres mussoliniennes. Néanmoins, les joueurs professionnels non mobilisés sont vite accusés d’être des embusqués cherchant dans les stades à échapper au devoir militaire. À partir de 1943, l’Italie du football est divisée par la ligne de front et doit réduire son activité. Mais la guerre est aussi une période de transformation du football italien qui voit un nouvel épanouissement du sport spectacle.
La transition de la presse parisienne entre juin et novembre 1940 : dissolution, fuite, exil, retour
Authors: Wingeate Pike David
Published: November 2017

Après la débâcle de juin 1940, les journaux de Paris se divisent en trois groupes : ceux qui se sabordent, ceux qui partent pour la Zone libre pour y rester, et ceux qui partent et puis retournent. Il faut y ajouter un quatrième groupe : les journaux qui n’existaient pas avant, ainsi que ceux qui n’avaient eu aucune raison de partir et qui se relancent en splendeur sous l’autorité nazie. Cette autorité placée dans les mains d’Otto Abetz, fait preuve d’une grande intelligence, en permettant à la presse une certaine diversité d’opinion qui varie dans son expression entre nationaliste et socialiste, toujours pourtant en conformité avec la politique hitlérienne.
L’ouvrier, l’entretien et l’évolution : l’appropriation de la Loi 2014 dans une usine automobile
Authors: Pohn-Weidinger Axel , Weissmann Marliese
Published: November 2017

Résumé L’article analyse la façon dont « l’entretien professionnel », rendu obligatoire par la loi no 2014-288, a été « endogénéisé » par les entreprises, en se fondant sur l’étude de cas d’une usine de l’industrie automobile. L’analyse croisée d’entretiens et de documents d’entreprise met en lumière un processus d’appropriation stratégique de l’entretien professionnel par le département des ressources humaines ainsi qu’une certaine hybridation de celui-ci avec l’entretien annuel. Le texte montre également que les salariés n’expriment pas systématiquement des perspectives d’évolution ou de formation et que la gestion de l’évolution professionnelle reste fortement liée à l’organisation du travail et à la discipline, dimensions qui échappent à l’entretien professionnel. Enfin, l’article pointe deux effets inattendus de la conduite de l’entretien : celui-ci peut, d’une part, constituer l’occasion d’un échange entre l’ouvrier et son supérieur et fournir, d’autre part, un cadre dans lequel les salariés donnent leur avis et expriment des préoccupations relatives à leur travail.
Consuming insects: are there health benefits?
Authors: Roos N. , van Huis A.
Published: November 2017

How healthy are insects? This is a highly relevant question in view of the global interest in the potential of insects as a sustainable food source in food systems and diets. Edible insects, like other foods, can provide nutrients and dietary energy to meet the requirements of the human body as a part of a varied diet. They also have the potential to provide bioactive compounds that have health benefits beyond simple nutritional values, as is the case for other food groups such as fruits and vegetables. Various recent studies have indicated such bioactivity in different insect species. The enormous number of edible insect species may be a source of novel bioactive compounds with health benefits addressing global health challenges. However, any identified health benefits need to be confirmed in human studies or in standardised assays accepted in health research prior to making health claims.