bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A low-cost and open-source solution to automate imaging and analysis of cyst nematode infection assays for Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kranse Olaf Prosper , Ko Itsuhiro , Healey Roberta , Sonawala Unnati , Wei Siyuan , Senatori Beatrice , De Batté Francesco , Zhou Ji , Eves-van den Akker Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Background

Cyst nematodes are one of the major groups of plant-parasitic nematode, responsible for considerable crop losses worldwide. Improving genetic resources, and therefore resistant cultivars, is an ongoing focus of many pest management strategies. One of the major bottlenecks in identifying the plant genes that impact the infection, and thus the yield, is phenotyping. The current available screening method is slow, has unidimensional quantification of infection limiting the range of scorable parameters, and does not account for phenotypic variation of the host. The ever-evolving field of computer vision may be the solution for both the above-mentioned issues. To utilise these tools, a specialised imaging platform is required to take consistent images of nematode infection in quick succession.

Results

Here, we describe an open-source, easy to adopt, imaging hardware and trait analysis software method based on a pre-existing nematode infection screening method in axenic culture. A cost-effective, easy-to-build and -use, 3D-printed imaging device was developed to acquire images of the root system ofArabidopsis thalianainfected with the cyst nematodeHeterodera schachtii, replacing costly microscopy equipment. Coupling the output of this device to simple analysis scripts allowed the measurement of some key traits such as nematode number and size from collected images, in a semi-automated manner. Additionally, we used this combined solution to quantify an additional trait, root area before infection, and showed both the confounding relationship of this trait on nematode infection and a method to account for it.

Conclusion

Taken together, this manuscript provides a low-cost and open-source method for nematode phenotyping that includes the biologically relevant nematode size as a scorable parameter, and a method to account for phenotypic variation of the host. Together these tools highlight great potential in aiding our understanding of nematode parasitism.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the assessment of Baker’s cysts: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ke , Li Xiaoxiao , Weng Qianlin , Lei Guanghua , Jiang Ting
Published: December 2022

Background

Baker’s cyst is the most common cystic disease of the knee, and a fast and accurate diagnosis of Baker’s cyst is essential for a better management. Ultrasound is a rapid, portable, widely available, inexpensive and noninvasive imaging modality. However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound on Baker’s cyst still remains undetermined. We conducted the first meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the accuracy of ultrasound for the detection of Baker’s cyst.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 14, 2022, without language restrictions. Studies providing cross-tabulations of ultrasound versus pathology (gold standard) or MRI (standard imaging technique) for diagnosis of Baker’s cyst were included. Indicators for the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, including sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve, were calculated using a bivariate model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity and robustness of the results.

Results

A total of 13 studies with 1,011 subjects (mean age 32.2 years; men 53.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of ultrasound for diagnosis of Baker’s cyst, compared with pathology, were 0.97 (95% confidence intervals: 0.73–1.00), 1.00 (0.98–1.00) and 1.00 (0.99–1.00), respectively. The pooled estimates of ultrasound versus MRI were 0.94 (0.87–0.98) for sensitivity, 1.00 (0.83–1.00) for specificity and 0.97 (0.95–0.98) for area under the curve. Sensitivity analysis did not change the results materially.

Conclusion

Ultrasound shows excellent diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of Baker’s cyst and provides similar diagnostic information (absent or present) compared to MRI. Because of its advantages of low cost, portability and accessibility, ultrasound is likely to be a choice of imaging technique for screening Baker’s cyst in clinical and population settings as well as in follow-ups.
The mutational dynamics of short tandem repeats in large, multigenerational families
Authors: Steely Cody J. , Watkins W. Scott , Baird Lisa , Jorde Lynn B.
Published: December 2022

Background

Short tandem repeats (STRs) compose approximately 3% of the genome, and mutations at STR loci have been linked to dozens of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington disease, and fragile X syndrome. Improving our understanding of these mutations would increase our knowledge of the mutational dynamics of the genome and may uncover additional loci that contribute to disease. To estimate the genome-wide pattern of mutations at STR loci, we analyze blood-derived whole-genome sequencing data for 544 individuals from 29 three-generation CEPH pedigrees. These pedigrees contain both sets of grandparents, the parents, and an average of 9 grandchildren per family.

Results

We use HipSTR to identify de novo STR mutations in the 2nd generation of these pedigrees and require transmission to the third generation for validation. Analyzing approximately 1.6 million STR loci, we estimate the empirical de novo STR mutation rate to be 5.24 × 10−5 mutations per locus per generation. Perfect repeats mutate about 2 × more often than imperfect repeats. De novo STRs are significantly enriched in Alu elements.

Conclusions

Approximately 30% of new STR mutations occur within Alu elements, which compose only 11% of the genome, but only 10% are found in LINE-1 insertions, which compose 17% of the genome. Phasing these mutations to the parent of origin shows that parental transmission biases vary among families. We estimate the average number of de novo genome-wide STR mutations per individual to be approximately 85, which is similar to the average number of observed de novo single nucleotide variants.
Artificial intelligence and the future of radiographic scoring in rheumatoid arthritis: a viewpoint
Authors: Bird Alix , Oakden-Rayner Lauren , McMaster Christopher , Smith Luke A. , Zeng Minyan , Wechalekar Mihir D. , Ray Shonket , Proudman Susanna , Palmer Lyle J.
Published: December 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that predominantly affects the synovial joints, causing joint destruction, pain, and disability. Historically, the standard for measuring the long-term efficacy of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs has been the assessment of plain radiographs with scoring techniques that quantify joint damage. However, with significant improvements in therapy, current radiographic scoring systems may no longer be fit for purpose for the milder spectrum of disease seen today. We argue that artificial intelligence is an apt solution to further improve upon radiographic scoring, as it can readily learn to recognize subtle patterns in imaging data to not only improve efficiency, but can also increase the sensitivity to variation in mild disease. Current work in the area demonstrates the feasibility of automating scoring but is yet to take full advantage of the strengths of artificial intelligence. By fully leveraging the power of artificial intelligence, faster and more sensitive scoring could enable the ongoing development of effective treatments for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Malignant complications of celiac disease: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Packova Barbora , Kohout Pavel , Dastych Milan , Prokesova Jitka , Grolich Tomas , Kroupa Radek
Published: December 2022

Background

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Diagnosis is based on evaluating specific autoantibodies and histopathologic findings of duodenal biopsy specimens. The only therapy for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Celiac disease can be complicated by malnutrition, other autoimmune diseases, refractoriness to treatment, and gastrointestinal tumors. This article presents seven cases of malignancies in patients with celiac disease. Its objective is to raise awareness of the malignant complications of celiac disease, leading to earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes.

Case presentation

Seven cases of malignant complications of celiac disease occurred among 190 patients followed at the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno from 2014 to 2021. We describe these cases and the presentation, diagnostic process, course, management, and outcomes for each, along with proposed potential risk factors of malignant complications. There was one Caucasian man who was 70 years old and six Caucasian women who were 36, 46, 48, 55, 73, and 82 years old in our cohort. Of the seven cases of malignancies in our cohort, four patients were diagnosed with small bowel adenocarcinoma, one with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one with carcinoma of the tongue, and one with colorectal carcinoma.

Conclusions

Malignancies occurred in 3.7% of patients followed up for celiac disease. Awareness of the malignant complications of celiac disease, risk factors, presentation, and disease course could lead to earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes.
Sex-dependent expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in aortic stenosis
Authors: Jover Eva , Matilla Lara , Martín-Núñez Ernesto , Garaikoetxea Mattie , Navarro Adela , Fernández-Celis Amaya , Gainza Alicia , Arrieta Vanessa , García-Peña Amaia , Álvarez Virginia , Sádaba Rafael , Jaisser Frederic , López-Andrés Natalia
Published: December 2022

Background

Accumulating evidence suggest the existence of sex-related differences in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) with inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and calcification being over-represented in men. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is expressed in a myriad of tissues and cell types, and it is associated with acute and chronic pathological processes comprising inflammation, fibrosis or calcification. Sex-dependent signatures have been evidenced for NGAL which expression has been associated predominantly in males to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to analyse sex-related differences of NGAL in AS and its role in the inflammatory and fibrocalcific progression of AS.

Methods and results

220 (60.45% men) patients with severe AS elective for surgical aortic valve (AV) replacement were recruited. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of NGAL in calcific areas of AVs and that was validated by qPCR in in 65 (60% men) donors. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were a source of NGAL in these samples. Proteome profiler analyses evidenced higher expression of NGAL in men compared to women, and that was further validated by ELISA. NGAL expression in the AV was correlated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and osteogenic markers, as well as calcium score. The expression of NGAL, both intracellular and secreted (sNGAL), was significantly deregulated only in calcifying male-derived VICs. Depletion of intracellular NGAL in calcifying male-derived VICs was associated with pro-inflammatory profiles, dysbalanced matrix remodelling and pro-osteogenic profiles. Conversely, exogenous NGAL mediated inflammatory and dysbalanced matrix remodelling in calcifying VICs, and all that was prevented by the pharmacological blockade of NGAL.

Conclusions

Owing to the over-expression of NGAL, the AV from men may be endowed with higher expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, matrix remodelling and osteogenic markers supporting the progression of calcific AS phenotypes. The expression of NGAL in the VIC emerges as a potential therapeutic checkpoint, with its effects being potentially reverted by the pharmacological blockade of extracellular NGAL.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis patients and tuberculosis control programs in Turkey, review and analysis
Authors: Ozdemir Sule , Oztomurcuk Derya , Oruc Muhammet Ali
Published: December 2022

Background

Many infectious diseases, including Tuberculosis (TB), have been put in the background with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the number of TB patients, the parameters of the TB patients and tuberculosis control programs in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey when compared to the previous year.

Methods

All TB patients who were recorded in Samsun province between March 1, 2019 and February 28, 2021 were included in this retrospective study. The data were analyzed in 2 groups as the COVID-19 period (March 2020 and February 2021) and the Pre-COVID-19 period (March 2019 and February 2020),the demographic and microbiological characteristics of the tuberculosis patients in both periods were compared according to months and years p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The total number of TB patients was 320, although it was 172 in the Pre-COVID-19 period, it was 148 in the COVID-19 pandemic period. It was found that the TB incidence rate (IR) was 15.32%, the total number of examinations performed in TB dispensary decreased 33.54%, and the total number of contact examinations decreased by 53.54% during the pandemic period. The mean age of the patients decreased significantly during the COVID-19 period (p = 0.047), and it was found that culture positivity rates and smear positivity rates increased compared to the previous year (7.97%, p = 0.166, 1.86%; p = 0.507, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result was found to be (−) in 46 (82.1%) of the 56 TB patients who were examined.

Conclusions

In the present study, it was found that the incidence of TB, the number of examinations, and the number of contact examinations decreased at significant levels. The decrease in TB patients was mostly in the first 3 months when COVID-19 precautions and restrictions were intense. As a conclusion, it was observed that the application of TB patients to the healthcare institution and TB control were affected negatively by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of a commercially available point-of-care test for post weaning diarrhoea in pigs-a pilot study
Authors: Jakobsen Nadia , Goecke Nicole Bakkegård , Pedersen Ken Steen
Published: December 2022

Background

Post weaning diarrhoea is expected to become an increasing problem in pig herds following the outphasing of medicinal Zinc Oxide. Currently, no equally effective substitute has been found and an increase in metaphylactic batch medication with antibiotics is expected. However, prudent use of antibiotics is needed to mitigate antibiotic resistance development and one option could be pre-treatment diagnostics. Employing a point-of-care test in a herd could provide fast diagnostics and help guide antibiotic treatment. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercially available point-of-care test for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4, ETEC F18 and rotavirus in weaned pigs.

Results

In total 115 diarrheic samples from two conventional herds were included in the evaluation of the Rainbow Piglet Scours test, which was compared to microbiological PCR analyses. The comparison yielded a diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 0.28, 0.99, 0.92 and 0.70 for ETEC F4, 0.40, 0.92, 0.91 and 0.45 for ETEC F18 and 0.67, 0.88, 0.91 and 0.61 for rotavirus.

Conclusions

The point-of-care test yielded a low diagnostic sensitivity and a high diagnostic specificity for ETEC F4, ETEC F18 and rotavirus. Due to the high level of false negatives, the test cannot be recommended for individual diagnostics on pig-level.
Determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers among healthcare workers in Ismailia, Egypt: a mixed methods study
Authors: Waheed Amani , Abu Bakr Elsaid Noha M. , Ghweeba Mayada , Elmaraghy Nermine , Al-Touny Shimaa A. , Nemr Nader , Kishk Rania M. , Aly Hebatalla M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) plays a fundamental role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination acceptance depends on perceptions of competence and motives of the providers, producers, health professionals, and policymakers. This study aimed to identify the frequency and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers among HCWs.

Methods

A total of 500 HCWs from 3 different hospital affiliations in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, were included in this mixed methods study. The study was conducted between March and April 2021 through two phases. Phase 1 included a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire with inquiries about different determinants of vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers, which was completed either electronically in a Google form or a hard printed copy. Phase 2 included four focus group discussions to explore the determinants in depth.

Results

The mean age of participants was 33.9 ± 7.9 years, 70% were females, 51.2% were nurses, and 28.6% were physicians. Of the 500 HCWs, only 27.8% accepted taking the vaccine immediately, 49.2% refused, and 23% were hesitant. Vaccine safety was the highest associated factor with vaccine acceptance (odds ratio (OR) = 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.132–12.619), followed by previous uptake of influenza vaccine (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.048–5.217) and vaccine effectiveness (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.282–5.262). The main barriers to vaccine acceptance were mistrust in governmental policies during the pandemic or in the healthcare facility they work in. Hesitancy was common among females and nurses and was attributed to three prominent factors, including safety concerns, negative stories, and personal knowledge.

Conclusions

The vaccine acceptance frequency among HCWs was considered low, as the majority either refused or was hesitant about taking the vaccine. Concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness were significant determinants of vaccine acceptance. Factors related to trust were the main barriers to vaccine uptake. The health authority should establish a surveillance system for side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine and communicate this information between HCWs to decrease their worries about safety and increase vaccine uptake.
Use of multibeam bathymetry and backscatter to improve seabed geochemical surveys — Part 1: Historical review, technical description, and best practices
Authors: Orange Daniel L. , Teas Philip A. , Decker John , Gharib Jamshid
Published: December 2022

Oil and gas seeps have been a key tool in hydrocarbon exploration since ancient times. Basin-wide reconnaissance exploration, focused on basic geology and identification of hydrocarbon seepage, has been typical of onshore basin analysis since the beginning of the petroleum industry. Since the discovery of marine chemosynthetic “cold seep” communities in the mid-1980s, and their association with offshore oil and gas seepage, the energy industry has been mapping seeps to target them for exploration and avoid them in development. For exploration, the successful sampling of oil or gas at the seafloor reduces exploration risk by demonstrating generative source rock, maturation, migration, and charge — all key data about the subsurface petroleum systems. In the marine environment, seep communities and associated diagenetic precipitates can modify the bathymetry and/or the backscatter and can be imaged by multibeam echo sounder (MBES). MBES can provide detailed bathymetry of the seafloor; multibeam backscatter can provide not only potential targets for seep sampling but also information on the seafloor characteristics at or just below the seafloor, and multibeam water column data can image gas plumes rising from the seafloor. Multibeam was introduced outside of military applications in the 1970s with the application of multibeam to seep science in the oil and gas industry, and the use of ultrashort baseline-positioned cores in a real-time geographical information system (GIS) to target seeps, began in the late 1990s, with the first proprietary survey in 2000. We review the history of multibeam, the history of seep science, and “lessons learned” over decades to best practices in seep hunting, from vessel specification to dry dock to presurvey to survey operations to target selection.
Integrating Methylome and Transcriptome Signatures Expands the Molecular Classification of the Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Silva-Júnior Rui M Patrício da , Bueno Ana Carolina , Martins Clarissa Silva , Coelli-Lacchini Fernanda , Ozaki Jorge Guilherme Okanobo , Almeida-e-Silva Danillo Cunha de , Marrero-Gutiérrez Junier , Santos Antônio Carlos dos , Garcia-Peral Carlos , Machado Hélio Rubens , Santos Marcelo Volpon dos , Elias Paula Lamparelli , Moreira Ayrton C , Colli Leandro M , Vêncio Ricardo Z N , Antonini Sonir R , de Castro Margaret
Published: December 2022

Objective

To explore pituitary tumors by methylome and transcriptome signatures in a heterogeneous ethnic population.

Methods

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, clinicopathological features, methylome, and transcriptome were evaluated in pituitary tumors from 77 patients (61% women, age 12-72 years) followed due to functioning (FPT: GH-secreting n = 18, ACTH-secreting n = 14) and nonfunctioning pituitary tumors (NFPT, n = 45) at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.

Results

Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis (UHCA) of methylome (n = 77) and transcriptome (n = 65 out of 77) revealed 3 clusters each: one enriched by FPT, one by NFPT, and a third by ACTH-secreting and NFPT. Comparison between each omics-derived clusters identified 3568 and 5994 differentially methylated and expressed genes, respectively, which were associated with each other, with tumor clinical presentation, and with 2017 and 2022 WHO classifications. UHCA considering 11 transcripts related to pituitary development/differentiation also supported 3 clusters: POU1F1-driven somatotroph, TBX19-driven corticotroph, and NR5A1-driven gonadotroph adenomas, with rare exceptions (NR5A1 expressed in few GH-secreting and corticotroph silent adenomas; POU1F1 in few ACTH-secreting adenomas; and TBX19 in few NFPTs).

Conclusion

This large heterogenic ethnic Brazilian cohort confirms that integrated methylome and transcriptome signatures classify FPT and NFPT, which are associated with clinical presentation and tumor invasiveness. Moreover, the cluster NFPT/ACTH-secreting adenomas raises interest regarding tumor heterogeneity, supporting the challenge raised by the 2017 and 2022 WHO definition regarding the discrepancy, in rare cases, between clinical presentation and pituitary lineage markers. Finally, making our data publicly available enables further studies to validate genes/pathways involved in pituitary tumor pathogenesis and prognosis.
Plpp3, a novel regulator of pluripotency exit and endodermal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Montané-Romero Martha E. , Martínez-Silva Ana V. , Poot-Hernández Augusto C. , Escalante-Alcalde Diana
Published: December 2022

In recent decades, study of the actions of bioactive lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has increased since they are involved in regulating many processes, including self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, embryo development and cancer. Phospholipid phosphatase type 3 (PLPP3) has been shown to be a key player in regulating the balance of these lipids and, in consequence, their signaling. Different lines of evidence suggest that PLPP3 could play a role in endoderm development. To approach this hypothesis, we used mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) as a model to study Plpp3 function in self-renewal and the transition towards differentiation. We found that lack of PLPP3 mainly affects endoderm formation during differentiation of suspension-formed embryoid bodies. PLPP3-deficient ESC strongly decrease the amount of FOXA2-expressing cells and fail to properly downregulate the expression of pluripotency factors when subjected to an endoderm-directed differentiation protocol. Impaired endoderm differentiation correlated with a transient reduction in nuclear localization of YAP1. These phenotypes were rescued by transiently restoring the expression of catalytically active hPLPP3. In conclusion, PLPP3 plays a role in downregulating pluripotency-associated factors and in endodermal differentiation. PLPP3 regulates proper lipid/YAP1 signaling required for endodermal differentiation.
What Do We Know about Frame Running? A Narrative Review
Authors: Voltolini Lucas de Assis , De Araújo Pedro Henrique , Antunes Diego , Lima Gabriel Benedito , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Fischer Gabriela
Published: December 2022

This narrative review aims to provide a general overview of the literature about frame running, which is a recent modality of Para-Athletics. Frame running is practiced by using a tricycle without pedals called PETRA RaceRunner, by people with moderate to severe cerebral palsy and other lower limb functional limitations. Briefly, the movement pattern is very similar to walking and running. This review includes studies from scientific databases and content of official sports web sites by using the keywords “framerunning,” “racerunning,” and “petra racerunning.” According to our search, this narrative review highlighted three themes involving the practice of frame running, namely health and quality of life, sports classification, and training and testing in the frame running context.
Accuracy evaluation of convolutional neural network classification algorithms for building identification in rural and urban areas from very-high-resolution satellite imagery in Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Daniel , Dimyati Muhammad , Laswanto
Published: December 2022

Accurate land cover data are essential to a reliable decision-making process; therefore, researchers have turned to novel land cover classification algorithms employing machine learning on high-resolution satellite imagery to improve classification accuracy. The experiment presented in this paper aims to assess the accuracy performance of three patch-based, convolutional neural network architectures (LeNet, VGGNet, and XCeption) in classifying building footprints in rural and urban areas from satellite imagery data, with conventional, pixel-based classification algorithms as a benchmark. The experiment concluded that the CNN classification algorithms consistently outperformed pixel-based algorithms in the accuracy of the resulting building-footprint classification raster. It was also demonstrated that larger image patch size does not always improve classification accuracy in all CNN architectures. This study also revealed that the XCeption architecture performed best among the three CNN architectures assessed, with a 72-pixel patch size having the best accuracy.
Uwagi o diariuszu kancelaryjnym Janusza Radziwiłła
Authors: Łopatecki Karol
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest ocena dwutomowej edycji źródłowej dotyczącej korespondencji wojskowej Janusza Radziwiłła. Szerzej scharakteryzowano typ dokumentacji nazwany „diariuszem kancelaryjnym”, ukazując wynikające z niego możliwości badawcze. Zaakcentowano, że hetman osobiście zaangażowany w działania wojenne zastosował wypracowany przez podróżujących magnatów sposób prowadzenia kancelarii. W tym celu spisywano diariusz, do którego dopisywano wszystkie listy wychodzące i przychodzące. Ukazano, że analogiczną formę ma dokumentacja powstała w otoczeniu jego ojca Krzysztof oraz brata stryjecznego Bogusława. Przedstawiono argumenty mówiące o bieżącym sporządzaniu diariusza i techniczno-organizacyjnych działaniach związanych z prowadzeniem tak działającej kancelarii.
Diversidad de género en el franquismo: Josita Hernán y su compañía de comedias (1941-1950).
Authors: Gómez García Alba
Published: December 2022

La dictadura franquista detuvo los avances alcanzados por la Segunda República en lo que a los derechos igualitarios para las mujeres respecta. Asimismo, la ideología vertebral del Estado, el nacionalcatolicismo, cercenó la presencia femenina de la esfera pública y desincentivó la educación de las niñas y las jóvenes. En correspondencia con esta regresión al ámbito doméstico, el teatro representado perpetuó la desigualdad entre mujeres y hombres derivada de los roles de género tradicionales. No obstante, en este contexto de inmediata posguerra, la actriz, directora, empresaria y escritora Josita Hernán confeccionó, en la medida en que se lo permitieron el público, la censura y la crítica, un repertorio para su compañía de comedias donde prevalecieran la agencia femenina y la diversidad de género.
The Effect of Online Learning Policy on the Composition of Bird Species in the Rice Field around Campus 4 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Authors: Wicaksana Ragil Yoga Mandhala , Utami Inggita
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic, which began in March 2020, resulted in enacting an online learning policy on campus. This study aimed to analyze the effect of online lecture policies on the composition of birds in the rice fields around Campus 4 of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD) Yogyakarta. Primary data collection was carried out at six points with the point count method in September 2020 and January 2021. Data analysis was carried out descriptivel by comparing observations with secondary data in September 2019 and January 2020, right before the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the bird species present increased from 14 species to 32 species. The different paddy fields and rice morphology conditions in September and January also affect the bird species present. All birds present were not protected, and only one species, Acridotheres javanicus, was included in the IUCN Red List vulnerable category. Data collection on bird species must be carried out every year to monitor the presence of waterbirds in urban areas.
Methanolic Extracts of Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) for Controlling Armyworms (Spodoptera litura F.)
Authors: Putri Diah Asta , Saputra Arib Cahyo
Published: December 2022

Botanical extracts have been reported as biopesticides, which act as antifeedants, insect growth regulators and repellents. As biopesticides, botanical extracts offer a more sustainable solution to pest control as chemical pesticides have a residual problem and are prone to pest resistance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of waru leaves extract to control S. litura larvae in vitro conditions. The extract was prepared by maceration with methanol as a solvent. Third instar larvae of S. litura were randomly grouped into 6 treatments consisting of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and positive control (Lannate). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. Leaf Dipping method was used in the treatment. Observations were made for up to 4 days. The parameters observed were changes in larval morphology, mortality, LC50 and LT50. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (followed by LSD) and Probit analysis. The results showed that the highest activity of waru leaf extract was found at a concentration of 12%, which caused a mortality of 53% larvae. The LC50 value was at a concentration of 11.72%, and the LT50 value was 3.287. It can be concluded that the leaf extract has the potential to control S. litura larvae.
Inventory of Terrestrial Orchids in the Baturraden Botanical Garden of Central Java
Authors: Astuti Sutan Nur Chamida Tri , Aisiah Siti , Kurniawan Ardyan Pramudya
Published: December 2022

Baturraden Botanical Garden located on the slopes of Mount Slamet in the south has a high enough humidity so it is ideal for plant growth, especially orchids. As an ex-situ plant conservation area, the Baturraden Botanical Garden plays an important role in preserving the diversity of orchids in it. The purpose of this study was to find out the types and descriptions of terrestrial orchids in the Baturraden Botanical Garden area of Central Java. The method used in this study is a 400 m line transect method with an inter-point distance of 100 m each and data collection is carried out at 10 m each on the right and left of the line transect.  Hasil research shows that there are 13 species derived from 10 genus of soil orchids. The types that have been found are Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Lindl., Calanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl., Spathoglottis plicata Blume, Cryptostylis javanica J.J.Sm., Appendicula alba Blume, Phaius callosus (Blume) Lindl., Lepidogyne longifolia Blume, Tainia elongata J.J.Sm., Goodyera colorata Blume, Malaxis sp. Soland. ex Sw., Goodyera sp. R. Br., Goodyera procera (Ker-Gawl.) Hook., and Plocoglottis sp. Blume.
Species Diversity and Dominance of the Aranaemorphae Sub-Order in the 90-Day-Old Rice Generative Phase
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra , Pertiwi Pelangi Mayang Sukma
Published: December 2022

Spiders have an important role in ecosystems, in particular agricultural ecosystems. Spiders play the role of natural enemies capable of helping farmers by eating insect pests. The purpose of this study was to identify the type of Sub-Order Aranaemorphae and calculate the level of diversity and dominance of the type of Sub-Order Aranaemorphae in the generative phase of rice aged 90 days. The study was conducted in April-September 2022 in the rice field area of Tamanan Village. The determination of the research location was carried out using the purposive sampling method with the criteria of a rice field area of 2500 m2 and the age of rice plants ranging from 90 days. Sampling was carried out on 9 plots with a plot size of 21 x 4 m2 each. Sampling was carried out by hand picking and indirect methods with sweep nets, pitfall traps, and yellow pan traps. The species of Sub-Order Aranaemorphae found in this study were 12 species, namely Oxyopes sp., O. lineatipes, O. javanus, Atypena formosana, Tetragnatha vermiformis, Pardosa pseudoannulata, Lycosa sp., L. pseudoannulata, Lycosa sp. 1, Araneus inustus, Clubiona  sp.  and Thomisus  Sp. The conclusion of this study were the diversity index value (H') of the Aranaemorphae Sub-Order obtained in this study was 2.133 with a moderate category, and the dominance index value (D) of the Aranaemorphae Sub-Order obtained was 0.1785 with a low category. The total number of spider individuals obtained was 173 individuals.
Toxicity Test of Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr) on the Growth of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Sprouts
Authors: Astuti Sutan Nur Chamida Tri , Nugroho Andhika Puspito
Published: December 2022

Industries that are growing rapidly contribute a big role in environmental pollution, one of which is the production of heavy metal waste. One example of heavy metals that are toxic when present in large quantities is Copper (Cu) and Chromium (Cr). The purpose of this experiment is to test the toxicity of the two types of heavy metals Cu and Cr against the seed growth of the Vigna radiata L. plant, find out the type of metal that gives the highest percentage of inhibition to the growth of V. radiata L., and find out the relationship between the two types of heavy metals. The method to determine the level of toxicity and the relationship between the two metals can be known by toxicity tests which include preliminary tests, actual tests and mixed tests on the seeds of V. radiata L. while data analysis is carried out by linear regression and the data is presented in the form of tables and graphs. Preliminary test to determine the ideal range of toxicity concentrations to be continued with the actual test with the addition of Cu and Cr metal toxins to the seeds of V. radiata L. The results of the study on the actual test showed that the IC50 of Cu metal was 127.4 ppm while the IC50 of Cr metal was 615.23 ppm with Cu metal having a more significant negative impact than Cr. In the mixed test, it showed that Cu metal IC50 was 247.5 ppm while Cr metal IC50 was 579.85 ppm with the highest inhibition value at Cu:Cr concentration of 90:10. The toxicant relationship of Cu and Cr based on the additive index is the additive (value S = 0).
Morphometric Variations of Chalcorana chalconota (Schlegel, 1837) in Four Populations in Jatimulyo Kulon Progo
Authors: Hanifuddin Afnan Saud , Aini Khuratul , Suwartiningsih Nurul
Published: December 2022

Jatimulyo is an ecotourism area consisting of several areas, each of which has a different height and abiotic factors. This can affect the morphometric character of frogs including Chalcorana chalconota. Research on specific morphometric variations of  Chalcorana chalconota in Jatimulyo ecotourism has never been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distinguishing character of four frog populations as well as analyze the morphometric variation of the Chalcorana chalconota frog in Jatimulyo ecotourism. The research samples were taken using the visual encounter survey method and direct collection in the field in all four populations. Morphometric measurements use 32 characters. The measurement data obtained were analyzed using the  Kruskall-Wallis test followed by UPGMA to see dissimilarity using the MVSP 3.1 program. The results showed that of the 32  characters observed and analyzed, there were nine characters that had a p<0.05 value which means it is significant to distinguish the four populations. The nine characters are (HW), (TD), (MFE), (MBE), (HAL), (LAL), (FOL), (IN), (MTL). LK, DT, JMMD, JMMB, JIN, PMD, PBR, PTJ4, PTM.  The frog Chalcorana chalconota population of  Kembang Soka has a high morphometric similarity with the population of Kedung Pedut. The Mudal River Population and the Bull Kedung Population have a considerable morphometric similarity with the Soka Flower and Pedut Flower Populations. This study can be concluded that the morphometric variation of  Chalcorana chalconota in Jatimulyo ecotourism is influenced by altitude factors.
Influence of Tire Contact Area on the Traction Performance of a 67-kW Agricultural Tractor in a Paddy Field
Authors: Kim Wan-Soo , Kim Yong-Joo , Lee Nam-Gyu , Baek Seung-Min , Baek Seung-Yun , Kim Yeon-Soo
Published: December 2022

Highlights

The tire contact area of a tractor was adjusted through a combination of four tires to improve the traction performance in a paddy field.

Traction performance according to tire contact area was measured and evaluated through a traction load measurement system of the tractor.

The increase in the tire contact area reduced the slip ratio of the tractor and led to high traction performance.

The results of this study suggest the possibility of evaluating and improving the traction performance of a tractor by considering the tire contact area.

Abstract. Agricultural tractors operate on soil, and power loss occurs due to the complex interaction between tractor tires and soil. There are various methods for minimizing the loss of power and driving the tractor efficiently, one of which is increasing the tire contact area (TCA). The aim of this study is to measure, evaluate, and optimize the traction performance of a tractor with different TCAs. A traction load measurement system of the tractor was developed to measure field data. Field experiments were conducted to measure the traction performance of the tractors on paddy fields. To improve the traction performance of the tractor, the TCA was increased through various tire combinations, and a total of four TCA conditions were used. The results showed that the slip ratio of the wheel decreased with increasing TCA, thereby reducing the power loss due to the soil and increasing the traction performance, including the traction force, traction power, tractive efficiency, and dynamic traction ratio. Therefore, it is possible to improve the performance of tractors in paddy fields through TCA adjustment, and this study can provide appropriate guidelines. Keywords: Agricultural tractor, Dynamic traction ratio, Tire contact area, Traction performance, Tractive efficiency.
La segregación socioespacial en la ciudad de Madrid. Un enfoque desde la movilidad cotidiana
Authors: Ariza de la Cruz José María
Published: December 2022

En los últimos años ha surgido en el plano internacional una nueva literatura que pone de relieve la necesidad de ampliar el enfoque analítico desde la segregación residencial a la segregación socioespacial, teniendo en cuenta los diversos espacios cotidianos de interacción de los sujetos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo traer este debate al contexto madrileño y español desde el enfoque de la movilidad cotidiana, contribuyendo tanto al debate teórico como a la obtención de resultados. Para ello, se propone un análisis novedoso de la Encuesta Domiciliaria de la Comunidad de Madrid (2018), a través de la cual se analizan los espacios de interacción cotidianos de los sujetos en función de sus características sociales.
F-box receptor mediated control of substrate stability and subcellular location organizes cellular development of Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Sarikaya Bayram Özlem , Bayram Özgür , Karahoda Betim , Meister Cindy , Köhler Anna M. , Thieme Sabine , Elramli Nadia , Frawley Dean , McGowan Jamie , Fitzpatrick David A. , Schmitt Kerstin , de Assis Leandro Jose , Valerius Oliver , Goldman Gustavo H. , Braus Gerhard H.
Published: December 2022

Fungal growth and development are coordinated with specific secondary metabolism. This coordination requires 8 of 74 F-box proteins of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. F-box proteins recognize primed substrates for ubiquitination by Skp1-Cul1-Fbx (SCF) E3 ubiquitin RING ligases and degradation by the 26S proteasome. 24 F-box proteins are found in the nuclear fraction as part of SCFs during vegetative growth. 43 F-box proteins interact with SCF proteins during growth, development or stress. 45 F-box proteins are associated with more than 700 proteins that have mainly regulatory roles. This corroborates that accurate surveillance of protein stability is prerequisite for organizing multicellular fungal development. Fbx23 combines subcellular location and protein stability control, illustrating the complexity of F-box mediated regulation during fungal development. Fbx23 interacts with epigenetic methyltransferase VipC which interacts with fungal NF-κB-like velvet domain regulator VeA that coordinates fungal development with secondary metabolism. Fbx23 prevents nuclear accumulation of methyltransferase VipC during early development. These results suggest that in addition to their role in protein degradation, F-box proteins also control subcellular accumulations of key regulatory proteins for fungal development.
Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission
Authors: Koolman Leonard , Prakash Reenesh , Diness Yohane , Msefula Chisomo , Nyirenda Tonney S. , Olgemoeller Franziska , Wigley Paul , Perez-Sepulveda Blanca , Hinton Jay C. D. , Owen Siân V. , Feasey Nicholas A. , Ashton Philip M. , Gordon Melita A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Invasive Salmonella infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the routes of transmission are uncertain. We conducted a case-control study of index-case and geographically-matched control households in Blantyre, Malawi, sampling Salmonella isolates from index cases, healthy people, animals, and the household environment.

Methodology

Sixty index cases of human invasive Salmonella infection were recruited (March 2015-Oct 2016). Twenty-eight invasive Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease and 32 typhoid patients consented to household sampling. Each index-case household was geographically matched to a control household. Extensive microbiological sampling included stool sampling from healthy household members, stool or rectal swabs from household-associated animals and boot-sock sampling of the household environment.

Findings

1203 samples from 120 households, yielded 43 non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates from 25 households (overall sample positivity 3.6%). In the 28 iNTS patients, disease was caused by 3 STs of Salmonella Typhimurium, mainly ST313. In contrast, the isolates from households spanned 15 sequence types (STs). Two S. Typhimurium isolates from index cases closely matched isolates from their respective asymptomatic household members (2 and 3 SNP differences respectively). Despite the recovery of a diverse range of NTS, there was no overlap between the STs causing iNTS disease with any environmental or animal isolates.

Conclusions

The finding of NTS strains from index cases that matched household members, coupled with lack of related animal or environmental isolates, supports a hypothesis of human to human transmission of iNTS infections in the household. The breadth of NTS strains found in animals and the household environment demonstrated the robustness of NTS sampling and culture methodology, and suggests a diverse ecology of Salmonella in this setting. Healthy typhoid (S. Typhi) carrier state was not detected. The lack of S. Typhi isolates from the household environment suggests that further methodological development is needed to culture S. Typhi from the environment.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) genetic variations in Thai vivax malaria patients: Implications for 8-aminoquinoline radical cure
Authors: Chamchoy Kamonwan , Sudsumrit Sirapapha , Thita Thanyapit , Krudsood Srivicha , Patrapuvich Rapatbhorn , Boonyuen Usa
Published: December 2022

Background

Primaquine and tafenoquine are the only licensed drugs that effectively kill the hypnozoite stage and are used to prevent Plasmodium vivax malaria relapse. However, both primaquine and tafenoquine can cause acute hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient people with varying degrees of severity depending on G6PD variants. Additionally, primaquine efficacy against malaria parasites was decreased in individuals with impaired cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity due to genetic polymorphisms. This study aimed to characterize G6PD and CYP2D6 genetic variations in vivax malaria patients from Yala province, a malaria-endemic area along the Thai–Malaysian border, and determine the biochemical properties of identified G6PD variants.

Methodology/Principle findings

Multiplexed high-resolution melting assay and DNA sequencing detected five G6PD variants, including G6PD Kaiping, G6PD Vanua Lava, G6PD Coimbra, G6PD Mahidol, and G6PD Kerala-Kalyan. Biochemical and structural characterization revealed that G6PD Coimbra markedly reduced catalytic activity and structural stability, indicating a high susceptibility to drug-induced hemolysis. While Kerala-Kalyan had minor effects, it is possible to develop mild adverse effects when receiving radical treatment. CYP2D6 genotyping was performed using long-range PCR and DNA sequencing, and the phenotypes were predicted using the combination of allelic variants. Decreased and no-function alleles were detected at frequencies of 53.4% and 14.2%, respectively. The most common alleles were CYP2D6*36+*10 (25.6%), *10 (23.9%), and *1 (22.2%). Additionally, 51.1% of the intermediate metabolizers showed CYP2D6*10/*36+*10 as the predominant genotype (15.9%).

Conclusions/Significance

Our findings provide insights about genetic variations of G6PD and CYP2D6 in 88 vivax malaria patients from Yala, which may influence the safety and effectiveness of radical treatment. Optimization of 8-aminoquinoline administration may be required for safe and effective treatment in the studied population, which could be a significant challenge in achieving the goal of eliminating malaria.