bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Energy Storage Performance of Tetrabutylammonium Acrylate Hydrate as Phase Change Materials
Authors: Kiyokawa Hitoshi , Tokutomi Hiroki , Ishida Shinichi , Nishi Hiroaki , Ohmura Ryo
Published: May 2021

Kinetic characteristics of thermal energy storage (TES) using tetrabutylammonium acrylate (TBAAc) hydrate were experimentally evaluated for practical use as PCMs. Mechanical agitation or ultrasonic vibration was added to detach the hydrate adhesion on the heat exchanger, which could be a thermal resistance. The effect of the external forces also was evaluated by changing their rotation rate and frequency. When the agitation rate was 600 rpm, the system achieved TES density of 140 MJ/m3 in 2.9 h. This value is comparable to the ideal performance of ice TES when its solid phase fraction is 45%. UA/V (U: thermal transfer coefficient, A: surface area of the heat exchange coil, V: volume of the TES medium) is known as an index of the ease of heat transfer in a heat exchanger. UA/V obtained in this study was comparable to that of other common heat exchangers, which means the equivalent performance would be available by setting the similar UA/V. In this study, we succeeded in obtaining practical data for heat storage by TBAAc hydrate. The data obtained in this study will be a great help for the practical application of hydrate heat storage in the future.
The Influence of Quality Management System on the Operation of Periodical Technical Inspection Stations
Authors: Hudec Juraj , Šarkan Branislav , Czödörová Renáta , Caban Jacek
Published: May 2021

This article deals with the minimum requirements for quality management at Periodical Technical Inspection Stations (PTIS) for road vehicles in the Slovak Republic, as well as in selected countries of the European Union. Specifically, it contains research performed at all of the PTIS in the Slovak Republic with a focus on the established quality management system and the number of employees of companies operating these PTIS, as well as similar research in selected countries of the European Union. Based on the research results, the article contains an assessment of the influence of the implemented quality management system on the operation of PTIS. The analysis of the results showed that 86.7% of PTIs have an established system to meet the minimum requirements for quality management through a documented procedure (internal regulation), and 13.3% of the PTI have the certified quality management system according to the STN EN ISO/IEC 9001 standard. Unfortunately, no PTI in the Slovak Republic has the fulfilment of quality management requirements according to the standard STN EN ISO/IEC 17020.
Dilatancy Characteristics and Constitutive Modelling of the Unsaturated Soil Based on Changes in the Mass Water Content
Authors: Xu Xiao , Cai Guoqing , Song Zhaoyang , Li Jian , Xu Chongbang , Wang Hualao , Zhao Chengang
Published: May 2021

Most soil mechanics theories are limited to strain hardening and shrinkage under high compressive stresses, and there are some shortcomings in the selection of suction or degree of saturation as the water content state varies in the constitutive models of unsaturated soil. Based on the triaxial shear tests of unsaturated compacted soil (a silt of high plasticity) with different water content and confining pressure (low-confining), a shear dilatancy model of unsaturated soil based on the mass water content is proposed in this paper. The influence of the water content on the shear deformation characteristics of the unsaturated soil is analysed. The stress–dilatancy relationship and the prediction equation of the minimum dilatancy rate of the unsaturated soil under different water content and different confining pressure are provided. Selecting the mass water content as the state variable, a constitutive model suitable for the dilatancy of unsaturated soil is established. The method of determining model parameters based on the mass water content is analysed. The applicability of the model is verified by comparisons between the predicted and experimental results.
Management of Patients under Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies and New Biological Therapies
Authors: Amigo-Basilio Marta , Álvarez-González Covadonga , Cobo-Vázquez Carlos , Leco-Berrocal Isabel , Sáez-Alcaide Luis Miguel , Méniz-García Cristina
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to know the biological therapy drugs that are related to adverse events, what dental treatments are associated with the appearance of these events, their severity, and how they are resolved. Study design: Analysis of cases described in the literature on patients undergoing treatment with biological therapies who have developed adverse effects associated with these drugs. Results: Of the 62 articles reviewed, 49 describe 68 cases of MRONJ, most of which appeared in the jaw and received surgical and/or conservative treatment. Conclusions: Biological therapies can potentially develop adverse effects in the oral cavity, so strict monitoring by the dentist is necessary.
How to Reduce the Emission of Microorganisms from a Biofilter Used to Treat Waste Gas from a Food Industry Plant
Authors: Muszyński Adam , Tabernacka Agnieszka , Załęska-Radziwiłł Monika
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to assess the bioaerosol removal efficiency by a semi-technical scale combined biofilter used to treat waste gas from a food industry plant. Two types of biofilter beds were tested: stumpwood chips and pine bark (CB) and stumpwood chips, pine bark and compost (CBC). Two types of membranes (covering the surface of the bed) were examined as the second stage of treatment: Pro Eko Tex UV (M1) and Pro Eko Tex UV 6 (M2). A conventional open biofilter (without membranes) was an emitter of microorganisms. There was no statistically significant difference between the number of bacteria emitted from CB or CBC beds, but fungal concentration was three times higher in gas treated by the CBC bed. The use of the membranes as the second stage of gas treatment significantly reduced the bacterial emission (74–78%) from the biofilter regardless of the bed and the membrane tested. The M1 membrane was also efficient in fungi removal from the treated gas by 80–97%. However, the M2 membrane could have been slowly colonized by fungi and have become an additional emitter of fungi in the system.
Analysis of Telematics Data of Combine Harvesters and Evaluation of Potential to Reduce Environmental Pollution
Authors: Savickas Dainius , Steponavičius Dainius , Domeika Rolandas
Published: May 2021

The combine harvester (CH) is one of the most important machines with the most powerful engine used in the agricultural sector. It consumes significant amounts of diesel fuel and harms ambient air by releasing emissions. This study examines the telematics data of CHs (models with axial threshing apparatus) collected between 2017 and 2020. The time spent in various operating modes of CH, the fuel consumption, and the negative impact on the ambient air (expressed in global warming potential–(GWP)) were calculated. Field tests using the same CH model were also performed to confirm the collected telematics data’s values. Possibilities to minimize fuel consumption and air pollution by selecting the correct use of technological operations are evaluated. Telematics data analysis results showed that the CH spends ~18% and ~13% of the time in the idle and transport modes, respectively. It was also found that ~12% of diesel fuel was consumed outside the direct harvesting mode, amounting to 4.7 t year−1 of GWP per machine. Dual telematics/field studies showed that the optimal use of the CH in idle and transport modes could reduce the amount of pollutants released into the environment in terms of GWP by 1.3 t year−1 for one machine. Field tests have also shown that the GWP per ton of wheat harvest highly depended on the CH driving speed during harvesting. The optimum speed was determined as 4 km h−1, and the wheat grain and straw feed rate was determined as 24 kg s−1.
Smooth Stable Manifold for Delay Differential Equations with Arbitrary Growth Rate
Authors: Singh Lokesh , Bahuguna Dhirendra
Published: May 2021

In this article, we construct a C1 stable invariant manifold for the delay differential equation x′=Ax(t)+Lxt+f(t,xt) assuming the ρ-nonuniform exponential dichotomy for the corresponding solution operator. We also assume that the C1 perturbation, f(t,xt), and its derivative are sufficiently small and satisfy smoothness conditions. To obtain the invariant manifold, we follow the method developed by Lyapunov and Perron. We also show the dependence of invariant manifold on the perturbation f(t,xt).
Aroma and Sensory Profiles of Sauvignon Blanc Wines from Commercially Produced Free Run and Pressed Juices
Authors: Parish-Virtue Katie , Herbst-Johnstone Mandy , Bouda Flo , Fedrizzi Bruno , Deed Rebecca C. , Kilmartin Paul A.
Published: May 2021

Sauvignon blanc is the most important grape cultivar within the New Zealand wine industry, and wines from the Marlborough region are renowned for their intense aromas including tropical, passionfruit, and green capsicum. Quality Sauvignon blanc wines are usually made from free run juice, although press fractions can be included. The chemical aroma composition and sensory profiles of two wine sets made from three press fractions (free run, light press and heavy press) were compared. The compounds 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate were found to decrease between free run and heavily pressed wines while hexyl acetate, hexanol, and benzyl alcohol increased. The accompanying sensory analysis showed that free run wines were marked by aromas of Passionfruit/sweaty, Boxwood and Fresh green capsicum, while the heavy pressed wines were described by French vanilla/bourbon, Floral and Banana lolly attributes, consistent with the aroma chemical composition.
GWAS Links New Variant in Long Non-Coding RNA LINC02006 with Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Hennig Ewa E. , Kluska Anna , Piątkowska Magdalena , Kulecka Maria , Bałabas Aneta , Zeber-Lubecka Natalia , Goryca Krzysztof , Ambrożkiewicz Filip , Karczmarski Jakub , Olesiński Tomasz , Zyskowski Łukasz , Ostrowski Jerzy
Published: May 2021

Despite great efforts, most of the genetic factors contributing to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain undetermined. Including small but homogenous populations in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can help us discover new common risk variants specific to the studied population. In this study, including 465 CRC patients and 1548 controls, a pooled DNA samples-based GWAS was conducted in search of genetic variants associated with CRC in a Polish population. Combined with a new method of selecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for verification in individual DNA samples, this approach allowed the detection of five new susceptibility loci not previously reported for CRC. The discovered loci were found to explain 10% of the overall risk of developing CRC. The strongest association was observed for rs10935945 in long non-coding RNA LINC02006 (3q25.2). Three other SNPs were also located within genes (rs17575184 in NEGR1, rs11060839 in PIWIL1, rs12935896 in BCAS3), while one was intergenic (rs9927668 at 16p13.2). An expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) bioinformatic analysis suggested that these polymorphisms may affect transcription factor binding sites. In conclusion, four of the identified variants were located within genes likely involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, they could possibly be markers of poor prognosis in CRC patients.
Translational Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Diagnostic Pathology in Lymphoid Neoplasms: A Comprehensive and Evolutive Analysis
Authors: Moran-Sanchez Julia , Santisteban-Espejo Antonio , Martin-Piedra Miguel Angel , Perez-Requena Jose , Garcia-Rojo Marcial
Published: May 2021

Genomic analysis and digitalization of medical records have led to a big data scenario within hematopathology. Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools are increasingly used to integrate clinical, histopathological, and genomic data in lymphoid neoplasms. In this study, we identified global trends, cognitive, and social framework of this field from 1990 to 2020. Metadata were obtained from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database in January 2021. A total of 525 documents were assessed by document type, research areas, source titles, organizations, and countries. SciMAT and VOSviewer package were used to perform scientific mapping analysis. Geographical distribution showed the USA and People’s Republic of China as the most productive countries, reporting up to 190 (36.19%) of all documents. A third-degree polynomic equation predicts that future global production in this area will be three-fold the current number, near 2031. Thematically, current research is focused on the integration of digital image analysis and genomic sequencing in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, prediction of chemotherapy response and validation of new prognostic models. These findings can serve pathology departments to depict future clinical and research avenues, but also, public institutions and administrations to promote synergies and optimize funding allocation.
A Guide to the Generation of a 6-Hydroxydopamine Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease for the Study of Non-Motor Symptoms
Authors: Masini Débora , Plewnia Carina , Bertho Maëlle , Scalbert Nicolas , Caggiano Vittorio , Fisone Gilberto
Published: May 2021

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a large number of symptoms affecting the peripheral and central nervous system precede, develop in parallel to, the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. The study of these conditions, which are often refractory to and may even be exacerbated by standard dopamine replacement therapies, relies on the availability of appropriate animal models. Previous work in rodents showed that injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in discrete brain regions reproduces several non-motor comorbidities commonly associated with PD, including cognitive deficits, depression, anxiety, as well as disruption of olfactory discrimination and circadian rhythm. However, the use of 6-OHDA is frequently associated with significant post-surgical mortality. Here, we describe the generation of a mouse model of PD based on bilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the dorsal striatum. We show that the survival rates of males and females subjected to this lesion differ significantly, with a much higher mortality among males, and provide a protocol of enhanced pre- and post-operative care, which nearly eliminates animal loss. We also briefly discuss the utility of this model for the study of non-motor comorbidities of PD.
Proatherogenic Sialidases and Desialylated Lipoproteins: 35 Years of Research and Current State from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Mezentsev Alexandre , Bezsonov Evgeny , Kashirskikh Dmitry , Baig Mirza S. , Eid Ali H. , Orekhov Alexander
Published: May 2021

This review summarizes the main achievements in basic and clinical research of atherosclerosis. Focusing on desialylation as the first and the most important reaction of proatherogenic pathological cascade, we speak of how desialylation increases the atherogenic properties of low density lipoproteins and decreases the anti-atherogenic properties of high density lipoproteins. The separate sections of this paper are devoted to immunogenicity of lipoproteins, the enzymes contributing to their desialylation and animal models of atherosclerosis. In addition, we evaluate the available experimental and diagnostic protocols that can be used to develop new therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis.
Asynchronous Delivery of a 400 Level, Partially Peer-Graded, Oral Presentation and Discussion Course in Systems Neuroscience for 60 Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moffat Jack , Copas Charlotte , Wood Kate , Spafford J. David
Published: May 2021

A 400-level undergraduate oral presentation and discussion course in Systems Neuroscience was delivered asynchronously online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enrolled students banked their narrated oral presentations in video format online then engaged in peer evaluation in virtual classrooms through the course website. Student delivered their oral presentation and responded to peer questions at their leisure and convenience, without the stress and anxiety associated with a “live” performance delivery in front of their peers. A remote and asynchronously delivered course facilitated much more peer contact than “live” versions of the course, which included a total of 62 uploaded presentations, 301 video responses uploaded to 1985 questions posed by peers, a total of 1159 feedback questionnaires submitted, 1066 rankings submitted of viewed oral presentations, and 1091 scores submitted evaluating the quality of questions posed by reviewers of oral presentations. A major drawback in the remote, asynchronous deliver was the enormity of peer engagement through the course website portal, which was mostly blind to the instructor because of the inability to effectively cross-index data linked between the student entries in the LEARN course website and the uploaded videos stored within BONGO Video Assignment tool. Nonetheless, a consistent engagement of students, and the positive feedback from enrolled students, indicate that a future version of this oral/written discussion course will be delivered, in part, remotely and asynchronously, even without a mandated delivery of the course by a remote and asynchronous method due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in 2020–2021.
Organizing Variables Affecting fMRI Estimates of Language Dominance in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors: Połczyńska Monika M.
Published: May 2021

Numerous variables can affect the assessment of language dominance using presurgical functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in patients with brain tumors. This work organizes the variables into confounding and modulating factors. Confounding factors give the appearance of changed language dominance. Most confounding factors are fMRI-specific and they can substantially disrupt the evaluation of language dominance. Confounding factors can be divided into two categories: tumor-related and fMRI analysis. The tumor-related confounds further subdivide into tumor characteristics (e.g., tumor grade) and tumor-induced conditions (aphasia). The fMRI analysis confounds represent technical aspects of fMRI methods (e.g., a fixed versus an individual threshold). Modulating factors can modify language dominance without confounding it. They are not fMRI-specific, and they can impact language dominance both in healthy individuals and neurosurgical patients. The effect of most modulating factors on fMRI language dominance is smaller than that of confounding factors. Modulating factors include demographics (e.g., age) and linguistic variables (e.g., early bilingualism). Three cases of brain tumors in the left hemisphere are presented to illustrate how modulating confounding and modulating factors can impact fMRI estimates of language dominance. Distinguishing between confounding and modulating factors can help interpret the results of presurgical language mapping with fMRI.
Comparing Neural Correlates of Human Emotions across Multiple Stimulus Presentation Paradigms
Authors: Masood Naveen , Farooq Humera
Published: May 2021

Most electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition systems rely on a single stimulus to evoke emotions. These systems make use of videos, sounds, and images as stimuli. Few studies have been found for self-induced emotions. The question “if different stimulus presentation paradigms for same emotion, produce any subject and stimulus independent neural correlates” remains unanswered. Furthermore, we found that there are publicly available datasets that are used in a large number of studies targeting EEG-based human emotional state recognition. Since one of the major concerns and contributions of this work is towards classifying emotions while subjects experience different stimulus-presentation paradigms, we need to perform new experiments. This paper presents a novel experimental study that recorded EEG data for three different human emotional states evoked with four different stimuli presentation paradigms. Fear, neutral, and joy have been considered as three emotional states. In this work, features were extracted with common spatial pattern (CSP) from recorded EEG data and classified through linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The considered emotion-evoking paradigms included emotional imagery, pictures, sounds, and audio–video movie clips. Experiments were conducted with twenty-five participants. Classification performance in different paradigms was evaluated, considering different spectral bands. With a few exceptions, all paradigms showed the best emotion recognition for higher frequency spectral ranges. Interestingly, joy emotions were classified more strongly as compared to fear. The average neural patterns for fear vs. joy emotional states are presented with topographical maps based on spatial filters obtained with CSP for averaged band power changes for all four paradigms. With respect to the spectral bands, beta and alpha oscillation responses produced the highest number of significant results for the paradigms under consideration. With respect to brain region, the frontal lobe produced the most significant results irrespective of paradigms and spectral bands. The temporal site also played an effective role in generating statistically significant findings. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted for EEG emotion recognition while considering four different stimuli paradigms. This work provides a good contribution towards designing EEG-based system for human emotion recognition that could work effectively in different real-time scenarios.
BIM for Deconstruction: An Interpretive Structural Model of Factors Influencing Implementation
Authors: Obi Lovelin , Awuzie Bankole , Obi Chukwudi , Omotayo Temitope , Oke Adekunle , Osobajo Oluyomi
Published: May 2021

Transitioning from demolition to deconstruction practices for end-of-life performances is gaining increasing attention following the need for the construction industry to minimise construction and demolition waste. Building information modelling (BIM) presents an opportunity for sustainable deconstruction. However, the notion of BIM for deconstruction (BIMfD) is still in its infancy in the United Kingdom. Although a few studies on BIMfD are evident, a focus on identifying the underlying factors necessary for successful implementation of BIMfD is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the underlying factors necessary for BIMfD implementation in the UK construction industry. It employed a four-stage research design. The reviewed literature explored extant views on BIM implementation factors to identify an initial list of possible factors influencing BIMfD implementation. Subsequently, a mix of questionnaire, focus group discussions and structured interviews were employed at various stages to refine and contextualise 15 factors necessary for BIMfD implementation in the UK construction industry. The contextual interrelationships among the factors were evaluated using interpretive structured modelling (ISM). This evaluation culminated in a BIMfD implementation factor model. The findings identified BIMfD experts, responsiveness of business models to innovative practices and industry’s acceptance to embrace change as the principal factors influencing BIMfD implementation in the UK. The implications of the findings attest that BIMfD experts and advisors must champion the adoption and implementation of BIMfD in the UK and business models need to become more responsive to accommodate BIMfD innovative practices. A BIMfD framework was conceptualised. Even though the BIMfD framework was designed from the UK perspective, the global construction industry can leverage the outcomes of this study. This paper, therefore, brings to the fore, a hierarchical BIMfD implementation factor model to support improved deconstruction practices in the construction industry.
Is There an Indication for First Line Radiotherapy in Primary CNS Lymphoma?
Authors: Seidel Clemens , Viehweger Christine , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter
Published: May 2021

Background: Primary CNS Lymphoma is a rare and severe but potentially curable disease. In the last thirty years treatment has changed significantly. Survival times increased due to high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. With intensive regimens involving autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), 4-year survival rates of more than 80% can be reached. However, this treatment regimen is not feasible in all patients, and is associated with some mortality. Methods: In this review, current evidence regarding the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy in PCNSL shall be summarized and discussed mainly based on data of controlled trials. Results: Being the first feasible treatment whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was initially used alone, and later as a consolidating treatment after high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy. More recently, concerns regarding activity and neurotoxicity of standard dose WBRT limited its use. On the contrary, latest evidence of some phase II trials suggests efficacy of consolidating WBRT is comparable to ASCT. After complete remission reduced dose WBRT appears as a feasible concept with decreased neurotoxicity. Evidence for use of local stereotactic radiotherapy is very limited. Conclusion: Radiotherapy has a role in the treatment of PCNSL patients not suitable to ASCT, e.g., as consolidating reduced dose WBRT after complete response. Local stereotactic radiotherapy for residual disease should be examined in future trials.
Pivotal Role for Cxcr2 in Regulating Tumor-Associated Neutrophil in Breast Cancer
Authors: Timaxian Colin , Vogel Christoph F. A. , Orcel Charlotte , Vetter Diana , Durochat Camille , Chinal Clarisse , NGuyen Phuong , Aknin Marie-Laure , Mercier-Nomé Françoise , Davy Martin , Raymond-Letron Isabelle , Van Thi-Nhu-Ngoc , Diermeier Sarah D. , Godefroy Anastasia , Gary-Bobo Magali , Molina Franck , Balabanian Karl , Lazennec Gwendal
Published: May 2021

Chemokines present in the tumor microenvironment are essential for the control of tumor progression. We show here that several ligands of the chemokine receptor Cxcr2 were up-regulated in the PyMT (polyoma middle T oncogene) model of breast cancer. Interestingly, the knock-down of Cxcr2 in PyMT animals led to an increased growth of the primary tumor and lung metastasis. The analysis of tumor content of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− animals highlighted an increased infiltration of tumor associated neutrophils (TANs), mirrored by a decreased recruitment of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) compared to PyMT animals. Analysis of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs revealed that they lost their killing ability compared to PyMT-Cxcr2+/+ TANs. The transcriptomic analysis of PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs showed that they had a more pronounced pro-tumor TAN2 profile compared to PyMT TANs. In particular, PyMT-Cxcr2−/− TANs displayed an up-regulation of the pathways involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and angiogenesis and factors favoring metastasis, but reduced apoptosis. In summary, our data reveal that a lack of Cxcr2 provides TANs with pro-tumor effects.
Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy—Experiences in a Comprehensive Cancer Centre
Authors: Lengyel Dániel , Vereczkey Ildikó , Kőhalmy Krisztina , Bahrehmand Kiarash , Novák Zoltán
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we report our experience of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)-guided core biopsies involving 303 patients referred to the gynaecological ultrasound unit of our national comprehensive cancer centre. Adequate histologic specimens were obtained in 299 patients (98.7%). The most common sites of biopsy sampling were the adnexa (29.7%), the vaginal stump or wall (13.5%), the uterus (11.6%) and the peritoneum (10.2%). Malignancy was confirmed in two-thirds of patients (201/303) and a primary malignancy was diagnosed in 111 of the 201 histologically verified malignant cases (55.2%). Interestingly, 23.9% (48/201) of malignant tumours were proven to have a non-gynaecological origin. Among them, gastrointestinal tumours occurred the most frequently (31/48 patients). Three abscesses were discovered following the biopsy procedure, resulting in a complication rate of 1%. In 94 (31%) patients, subsequent surgery allowed the comparison of the ultrasound-guided and surgically obtained histologic results. We found inaccuracy in 12 cases (12.8%), which is discussed in this paper in detail. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to diagnose malignancy was 94.8%, 94.1%, 98.7% and 80.0%, respectively. This is the largest study reported to date about the efficacy and safety of TVUS-guided core biopsy in evaluating pelvic lesions giving rise to a suspicion of gynaecological cancer.
The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO2 Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides
Authors: Hlatshwayo Xolani Sibusiso , Xaba Morena S. , Ndolomingo Matumuene Joe , Bingwa Ndzondelelo , Meijboom Reinout
Published: May 2021

In the present study, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of tungsten- and molybdenum-promoted mesoporous metal oxides in the aminolysis of epoxides. The as-synthesized catalysts were fully characterized by a variety of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and desorption (TPD), nitrogen sorption measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Amongst the two supports utilized, ZrO2 is a better support compared to SiO2. Furthermore, MoO3 proved to be a better dopant compared to its counterpart. Several parameters such as the variation of solvents, substrates, catalyst amounts, and stirring speed were investigated. It was observed that 450 rpm was the optimum stirring speed, with toluene as the best solvent and styrene oxide as the best substrate. Moreover, the optimum parameters afforded 98% conversion with 95% selectivity towards 2-phenyl-2-(phenylamino) ethanol and 5% towards 1-phenyl-2-(phenylamino) ethanol. Furthermore, 5%MoO3-ZrO2 catalyst demonstrated optimal performance and it exhibited excellent activity as well as great stability after being recycled 6 times.
The Orai1-AC8 Interplay: How Breast Cancer Cells Escape from Orai1 Channel Inactivation
Authors: Sánchez-Collado José , López José J. , Rosado Juan A.
Published: May 2021

The interplay between the Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclase 8 (AC8) and Orai1 channels plays an important role both in the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling and the modulation of Orai1-dependent Ca2+ signals. AC8 interacts with a N-terminal region that is exclusive to the Orai1 long variant, Orai1α. The interaction between both proteins allows the Ca2+ that enters the cell through Orai1α to activate the generation of cAMP by AC8. Subsequent PKA activation results in Orai1α inactivation by phosphorylation at serine-34, thus shaping Orai1-mediated cellular functions. In breast cancer cells, AC8 plays a relevant role supporting a variety of cancer hallmarks, including proliferation and migration. Breast cancer cells overexpress AC8, which shifts the AC8-Orai1 stoichiometry in favor of the former and leads to the impairment of PKA-dependent Orai1α inactivation. This mechanism contributes to the enhanced SOCE observed in triple-negative breast cancer cells. This review summarizes the functional interaction between AC8 and Orai1α in normal and breast cancer cells and its relevance for different cancer features.
Fucosylated Proteome Profiling Identifies a Fucosylated, Non-Ribosomal, Stress-Responsive Species of Ribosomal Protein S3
Authors: Watson Gregory , Lester Daniel , Ren Hui , Forsyth Connor M. , Medina Elliot , Gonzalez Perez David , Darville Lancia , Yao Jiqiang , Luca Vince , Koomen John , Cen Ling , Lau Eric
Published: May 2021

Alterations in genes encoding for proteins that control fucosylation are known to play causative roles in several developmental disorders, such as Dowling-Degos disease 2 and congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIc (CDGIIc). Recent studies have provided evidence that changes in fucosylation can contribute to the development and progression of several different types of cancers. It is therefore important to gain a detailed understanding of how fucosylation is altered in disease states so that interventions may be developed for therapeutic purposes. In this report, we find that fucosylation occurs on many intracellular proteins. This is an interesting finding, as the fucosylation machinery is restricted to the secretory pathway and is thought to predominately affect cell-membrane-bound and secreted proteins. We find that Ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) is fucosylated in normal tissues and in cancer cells, and that the extent of its fucosylation appears to respond to stress, including MAPK inhibitors, suggesting a new role in posttranslational protein function. Our data identify a new ribosome-independent species of fucosylated RPS3 that interacts with proteins involved in posttranscriptional regulation of RNA, such as Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), as well as with a predominance of non-coding RNAs. These data highlight a novel role for RPS3, which, given previously reported oncogenic roles for RPS3, might represent functions that are perturbed in pathologies such as cancer. Together, our findings suggest a previously unrecognized role for fucosylation in directly influencing intracellular protein functions.
Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in Tracheal Epithelial Cells and Asthmatic Mice
Authors: Wu Shu-Ju , Liou Chian-Jiun , Chen Ya-Ling , Cheng Shu-Chen , Huang Wen-Chung
Published: May 2021

Fucoxanthin is isolated from brown algae and was previously reported to have multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-obesity effects in mice. Fucoxanthin also decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin on the oxidative and inflammatory responses in inflammatory human tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice. Fucoxanthin significantly decreased monocyte cell adherence to BEAS-2B cells. In addition, fucoxanthin inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eotaxin, and reactive oxygen species in BEAS-2B cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were treated by intraperitoneal injections of fucoxanthin (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg), which significantly alleviated AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, and decreased Th2 cytokine production in the BALF. Furthermore, fucoxanthin significantly increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. These data demonstrate that fucoxanthin attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in inflammatory tracheal epithelial cells and improves the pathological changes related to asthma in mice. Thus, fucoxanthin has therapeutic potential for improving asthma.
The Effect of Inflammatory Priming on the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Spinal Cord Repair
Authors: Maldonado-Lasunción Inés , Haggerty Agnes E. , Okuda Akinori , Mihara Tokumitsu , de la Oliva Natalia , Verhaagen Joost , Oudega Martin
Published: May 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are used for cell therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) because of their ability to support tissue repair by paracrine signaling. Preclinical and clinical research testing MSC transplants for SCI have revealed limited success, which warrants the exploration of strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy. MSC are sensitive to the microenvironment and their secretome can be altered in vitro by exposure to different culture media. Priming MSC with inflammatory stimuli increases the expression and secretion of reparative molecules. We studied the effect of macrophage-derived inflammation priming on MSC transplants and of primed MSC (pMSC) acute transplants (3 days) on spinal cord repair using an adult rat model of moderate–severe contusive SCI. We found a decrease in long-term survival of pMSC transplants compared with unprimed MSC transplants. With a pMSC transplant, we found significantly more anti-inflammatory macrophages in the contusion at 4 weeks post transplantation (wpt). Blood vessel presence and maturation in the contusion at 1 wpt was similar in rats that received pMSC or untreated MSC. Nervous tissue sparing and functional recovery were similar across groups. Our results indicate that macrophage-derived inflammation priming does not increase the overall therapeutic potential of an MSC transplant in the adult rat contused spinal cord.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ Signaling in Health, Disease and Therapy
Authors: Modesti Lorenzo , Danese Alberto , Angela Maria Vitto Veronica , Ramaccini Daniela , Aguiari Gianluca , Gafà Roberta , Lanza Giovanni , Giorgi Carlotta , Pinton Paolo
Published: May 2021

The divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) is considered one of the main second messengers inside cells and acts as the most prominent signal in a plethora of biological processes. Its homeostasis is guaranteed by an intricate and complex system of channels, pumps, and exchangers. In this context, by regulating cellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondria control both the uptake and release of Ca2+. Therefore, at the mitochondrial level, Ca2+ plays a dual role, participating in both vital physiological processes (ATP production and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism) and pathophysiological processes (cell death, cancer progression and metastasis). Hence, it is not surprising that alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) pathways or mutations in Ca2+ transporters affect the activities and functions of the entire cell. Indeed, it is widely recognized that dysregulation of mCa2+ signaling leads to various pathological scenarios, including cancer, neurological defects and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation of mCa2+ homeostasis, the related mechanisms and the significance of this regulation in physiology and human diseases. We also highlight strategies aimed at remedying mCa2+ dysregulation as promising therapeutical approaches.
Comparison of Fissure Sealant Chair Time and Patients’ Preference Using Three Different Isolation Techniques
Authors: Mattar Rahif E. , Sulimany Ayman M. , Binsaleh Saad S. , Al-Majed Ibrahim M.
Published: May 2021

This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the patient’s preference and chair time needed during pit and fissure sealant placement under three isolation techniques (Isolite system, rubber dam isolation, and cotton roll isolation). Participants, aged 6–15 years and requiring four sealants on the first or second permanent molars, attending the pediatric dental clinics at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Each participant received sealants on three random first or second permanent molars using three isolation techniques. The time required for sealant placement was recorded for each technique. Following sealant placement, an interview-based questionnaire was administered to the participants to evaluate their preference regarding the isolation techniques. Forty-eight children (23 male and 25 female) with a mean age of 8.58 ± 1.93 years participated in this study. The mean chair times were 248.14, 255.89, and 243.29 s for the Isolite system, rubber dam isolation, and cotton roll isolation, respectively. Approximately 79% of participants considered cotton roll isolation to be the most comfortable, whereas approximately 71% were significantly less likely to use rubber dam isolation again. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in sealant placement time among the three isolation techniques. However, cotton roll isolation was the technique that was most preferred by the participants.
Needs and Experiences of Children and Adolescents with Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and Their Caregivers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghai Shashank , Kasilingam Elisabeth , Lanzillo Roberta , Malenica Masa , van Pesch Vincent , Burke Niamh Caitlin , Carotenuto Antonio , Maguire Rebecca
Published: May 2021

In the present study we conduct a systematic review to evaluate the needs and experience of people with pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and their caregivers. The literature search was conducted across 10 academic databases, adhering to PRISMA-P guidelines. Quality appraisal was conducted using the mixed method appraisal test for individual studies, and GRADE-CERQual to establish overall confidence of findings. Results were analyzed using a process of narrative synthesis. We identified 26 studies which included 2253 children/adolescents with MS (CAMS) and 1608 caregivers. MS was reported to negatively impact experiences for CAMS in domains such as of school performance, social relationships, mental health, and overall physical functioning. Specifically, fatigue and social support were reported as the most important barriers and facilitators for CAMS, respectively. In terms of caregiver experience, negative impacts were reported on social functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Additionally, lack of awareness concerning MS was one of the biggest challenges reported. Caregivers expressed needs for psychological and social support. This study provides the first evidence regarding the needs and experiences of CAMS and their caregivers. Findings can be used to address policy gaps for supporting families affected by pediatric MS.
Bacterial Adhesion Capacity of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coated Urinary Catheter Surface
Authors: Bohinc Klemen , Kukić Lora , Štukelj Roman , Zore Anamarija , Abram Anže , Klačić Tin , Kovačević Davor
Published: May 2021

The application of catheters to the urinary tract is associated with nosocomial infections. Such infections are one of the most common types of infections in hospitals and health care facilities and can lead to numerous medical complications. Therefore, the understanding of the properties of urinary catheter surfaces and their potential modifications are crucial in order to reduce bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. In our study, we consider standard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) catheter surfaces and compare their properties with the properties of the same surfaces coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PDADMA/PSS) polyelectrolyte multilayers. Uncoated and coated surfaces were characterized by means of roughness, hydrophobicity, and zeta potential measurements. Finally, bacterial adhesion extent of uropathogenic Escherichia coli on bare and polyelectrolyte multilayer coated surfaces was measured. The obtained results show that on non-treated surfaces, biofilm is formed which was not the case for multilayer coated surfaces. The PSS-terminated multilayer shows the lowest bacterial adhesion and could be helpful in prevention of biofilm formation. The analysis of the properties of the uncoated and coated surfaces reveals that the most significant difference is related to the charge (i.e., zeta potential) of the examined surfaces, while roughness and hydrophobicity of the examined surfaces are similar. Therefore, it could be concluded that the surface charge plays the crucial role in the bacterial adhesion on uncoated and coated PVC catheter surfaces.
Mechanical, Electrochemical, and Osteoblastic Properties of Gradient Tantalum Coatings on Ti6Al4V Prepared by Plasma Alloying Technique
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ma Yong , Gao Jie , Hei Hongjun , Jia Wenru , Bai Jin , Liu Zhubo , Huang Xiaobo , Xue Yanpeng , Yu Shengwang , Wu Yucheng
Published: May 2021

Plasma alloying technique capable of producing metallic coatings with metallurgical bonding has attracted much attention in dental and orthopedic fields. In this study, the effects of temperature and time of plasma tantalum (Ta) alloying technique on the mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic properties of Ta coatings were systematically investigated. Ta coatings prepared at 800 °C possess better interfacial strengths than those prepared at 750 and 850 °C, and the interfacial strength increases with prolonged alloying time (30–120 min). At 800 °C, however, the increased proportion of the soft Ta deposition layer with alloying time in the whole coating impairs the surface mechanical properties of the entire coating, as convinced by decreased microhardness and wear resistance. Moreover, Ta coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than the Ti6Al4V substrate in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium. The enhanced adhesion and extracellular matrix mineralization level of osteoblasts demonstrate the better cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the Ta coating. Ta30 (Ta coating prepared at 800 °C for 30 min) exhibits excellent mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic behaviors and is promising in biomedical applications.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of PVD and CVD TiAlSiN Coatings Deposited on Cemented Carbide
Authors: Wu Liying , Qiu Lianchang , Du Yong , Zeng Fangfang , Lu Qiang , Tan Zhuopeng , Yin Lei , Chen Liyong , Zhu Jifei
Published: May 2021

This work reports the results of our investigation of the structure and mechanical properties of physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) TiAlSiN coatings deposited on cemented carbide substrates. For the first time, a novel nanocomposite of Ti0.13Al0.85Si0.02N coating deposited from TiCl4-AlCl3-SiCl4-NH3-H2 gas precursors was prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 780 °C and a pressure of 60 mbar, while PVD Ti0.31Al0.60Si0.09N coating was prepared using the arc ion plating method. The investigation results including morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, phase component, and hardness were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nano-indentator. TEM results revealed that both PVD and CVD TiAlSiN coatings consisted of nanocrystalline embedded in SiNx amorphous. The nanohardness of CVD Ti0.13Al0.85Si0.02N coating obtained in this work was 31.7 ± 1.4 GPa, which was 35% higher than that of the PVD Ti0.31Al0.60Si0.09N coating.
Machine Learning-Based Algorithms to Knowledge Extraction from Time Series Data: A Review
Authors: Ciaburro Giuseppe , Iannace Gino
Published: May 2021

To predict the future behavior of a system, we can exploit the information collected in the past, trying to identify recurring structures in what happened to predict what could happen, if the same structures repeat themselves in the future as well. A time series represents a time sequence of numerical values observed in the past at a measurable variable. The values are sampled at equidistant time intervals, according to an appropriate granular frequency, such as the day, week, or month, and measured according to physical units of measurement. In machine learning-based algorithms, the information underlying the knowledge is extracted from the data themselves, which are explored and analyzed in search of recurring patterns or to discover hidden causal associations or relationships. The prediction model extracts knowledge through an inductive process: the input is the data and, possibly, a first example of the expected output, the machine will then learn the algorithm to follow to obtain the same result. This paper reviews the most recent work that has used machine learning-based techniques to extract knowledge from time series data.