bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Texture Analysis on the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using Neutron Diffraction Method
Authors: Priyanto Tri Hardi , Insani Andon , Muslih Rifai , Bharoto
Published: February 2020

The nature of crystalline materials depends on the individual crystal properties and the features of the polycrystalline state. The direction of crystallite orientation (texture) can undergo evolution during casting, processing, deformation, welding, and also heat treatment. Because texture plays an important role in mechanical characteristics and physical behavior, initial characterization before mechanical treatment needs to be analyzed first. The neutron diffraction method for texture analysis has advantages compared to the x-ray diffraction method, because neutrons can penetrate the material up in the order of centimeters (bulk, texture) compared to x-rays which are only on the surface of the material (surface texture). This research uses magnesium alloy, because this alloy is very light, and is widely used in industries, such as the automotive, computers, communication systems and electronics. The magnesium alloy used is AZ31 type. The AZ31 magnesium alloy is selected due to the most ductile and the most popular amongst AZ wrought alloys (Mg-Al-Zn group). Initial characterization using the neutron diffraction method was held away before the welding procedure was taken out. In this study, a texture neutron diffractometer (DN2), BATAN, set at a wavelength of 1.2799 Angstrom was used to characterize AZ31 material. The neutron source is produced by the GA Siwabessy reactor, which operates at a power of 15 MW. From the characterization of the neutron diffraction pattern, four pole figures {100}, (002}, {101} and {102} were taken. From the pole figure analysis, the crystallite orientation (texture) was obtained in the direction of {001} <110>. The highest intensity lies in the basal center (0002), also seen basal fiber {0001} and prismatic fiber {10-10}
Construction of digital survey meter model smd-03 using atmega 8 microcontroller
Authors: Jumari  , Supriyanto Nurhidayat , Aditesna Heryuli , Widodo Susilo
Published: February 2020

Digital Survey Meter model SMD-03 has been made. The Digital Survey Meter model SMD-03 was built using the GM LND-714 as the detector, CD4011 as pulse shaping circuit, ATMEGA 8 as a counter circuit and 8x2 LCD as a display. The purpose of the construction of this digital Survey Meter SMD-03 is to develop nuclear instrumentation, especially digital survey meter, especially in improving the stability counting system. The works principle of GM detector to convert the radiation beam into electric pulses. The electrical pulses are inserted into the inverting circuit and pulse shaping circuit to invert the pulses and formed into digitals pulse. The digitals pulses then are inserted into ATMega 8 to be counted and converted into mR/h and then displayed on the 8x2 LCD, measurement range : 0 – 30 mR/h. This instrument is equipped with a buzzer as a sound indicator, this activity includes the manufacture of hardware and software and testing. From the DC high voltage stability test the value of high voltage instability is 0.1%, and from the test results shows the counting linearity value R2 = 1, and counting stability test/chi-square test (X2) = 9.58. The data test results show that the digital survey meter model SMD-03 has been made can function properly.
Design of control instrumentation system for setting the stripper position on DECY-13 Cyclotron
Authors: Saminto  , Susanto Anang , Fajarudin Rizky , Budianto Anwar , Abimanyu Adi
Published: February 2020

This research aims to design a stripper positioning system with input in the form of angle values and outputs are the x, y coordinates of each stripper. This system consists of hardware and software. The hardware consists of Fx2424 Super PLC, micro-step driver, stepper motor and dc power supply. The software includes Super PLC programming for stepper motor motion using features of the i-TRILOGI program and LabView program for the user interface. The test results show that stripper A with a length of 85 mm, an input angle of 60 degrees, obtained x; y coordinates are 435; 193mm. For stripper B with a length of 85 mm, an input angle of 240 degrees, obtained x; y coordinates are 400; 118 mm. For stripper C with a length of 85 mm, an input angle of 90 degrees, obtained x; y coordinates are 415; 75 mm. Overall test results show that the stripper position control system can be used to rotate and monitor the position of the stripper on the DEC-13 cyclotron.
Analysis of nitrogen ion implantation on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7075
Authors: Hapsari Sophie , Sujitno Tjipto , Ahmadi Haerul , Suprapto  , Aziz Rizky Abdul
Published: February 2020

The present work reports the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on aluminum alloy 7075. The microhardness, corrosion resistance, and surface nanostructure were investigated. The implantation was carried out at energy 60 keV with the ion doses used were 1.70 × 1017 ion/cm2, 1.86 × 1017 ion/cm2, 2.02 × 1017 ion/cm2, 2.17 × 1017 ion/cm2, and 2.33 × 1017 ion/cm2. The microhardness test was performed to study the hardness of the implanted layer which was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The potentiodynamic corrosion test was performed in a 0.5 mol/l NaCl solution. The surface nanostructure was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the surface roughness after implantation. The results showed that the microhardness after implantation at 2.17 × 1017 ion/cm2 increased by 90.81%. The increase was attributed to the formation of the AlN phase. The AlN phase was confirmed at 2-theta peaks of 39.53°, 45.84°, 66.90°, and 80.54°. The corrosion test showed the improvement of corrosion resistance by the decrease of corrosion rate from 4.49 mpy to 1.43 mpy. The atomic force microscopy showed the arithmetical mean height (Sa) value was 37.5 nm and the root means square (Sq) value was 47.6 nm. The ion implantation induced the change of material surface due to the penetration of nitrogen ion into the material.
Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide modified Cu (rGO-Cu) by gamma irradiation and its electroactive properties
Authors: Nurfiana Fifi , Giyatmi  , Anggita Nidha
Published: February 2020

Electroactive materials with excellent performance are developed to be applied in different fields. In this study, Graphene Oxide (GO) was synthesized using the Hummer method then reduced and modified with Cu trough gamma irradiation (radiolytic reduction) for dose variations. The optimum dose that produces the highest electroactive is 35 kGy which was tested with cyclic voltammetry. The results of FTIR analysis show the characteristics of functional groups found in GO and rGO are different. The modification of rGO with Cu was successfully shown from the results of XRD and SEM-EDX analysis. The results of the XRD analysis showed that there are two peaks at position 2 theta 10.58° which showed the presence of GO and at position 2 theta 42.55° which indicates the presence of Cu. The results of the SEM-EDX analysis showed that there is 2.25% wt of Cu on the surface of the rGO.
Characterization of wood-borax composites as alternative neutron shielding material using neutron radiography techniques
Authors: Afrozi Agus Salim , Rachminisari Auring , Salam Rohmad , S Asep Nana
Published: February 2020

To protect operators of equipment using neutron radiation, an alternative material is needed as a neutron shielding which is lightweight and has a high neutron absorption. One alternative material that can be used is wood dust. In this study pure wood sawdust and 30% borax-wood composites were investigated as alternatives to shielding neutrons. Mixing wood sawdust and borax was done using HEM (High Energy Milling) for 1 hour, then pressed at 2000 Psi using a manual press with variations in thickness of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. SEM characterization results show, the grain size of wood in pure wood and 30% boraxwood composites is still quite large around 50 μm, the EDS results show no significant difference in wood content and 30% borax-wood composites. XRD characterization results showed no new phases were formed in the 30% borax-wood composite. The results of observations with optical microscopy showed that 30% borax-wood composite which were compressed did not form pores but were not evenly distributed. From the compressive test data, there was a decrease in the compressive ability of 30% borax-wood composites compared to pure wood dust from 226.6 N to 110.4 N. The neutron absorption test results using the Neutron Radiography technique with the film technique showed the addition of 30% borax to sawdust increased the neutron absorption rate by an average of 19.05% in wood to 20.24% in 30% borax-wood composites and increased the attenuation coefficient of 0.36 cm· in pure wood to 0.53 cm
1
in 30% borax-wood composite.
Initial optimization of fine tuner’s position on the cyclotron DECY-13’s rf dee system
Authors: Darmawan R S , Wibowo K , Diah F I
Published: February 2020

Initial optimization of fine tuner’s position on the cyclotron DECY-13’s rf dee system. Initial optimization of fine tuner’s position has been carried out on the cyclotron DECY-13’s RF dee system. The initial optimization was carried out to obtain the resonance frequency 77,76 MHz between RF generator and RF dee system in accordance with the specification of cyclotron DECY-13. The optimization was performed by measuring cyclotron DECY-13’s frequency using the Network Analyzer tool while shifting the fine tuner’s position. The shifting of fine tuner’s position started from the farthest to the closest gap between fine tuner and dee component with an increment of 5 mm continued with an increment of 1 mm from the nearest measured frequency. We obtain cyclotron DECY-13’s frequency for position 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm respectively 77,925 MHz, 77,875 MHz, 77,775 MHz, 77,625 MHz, 77,325 MHz, 76,075 MHz and the nearest frequency is 77,75 MHz, obtained in the position of 11 mm from the farthest gap. These results could be used as a reference point in the future experiment mainly in cyclotron’s hot test and fine tuner’s control system.
The effect of argon:oxygen gas ratio on the energy gap of nickel-chromium oxide thin film deposited using DC sputtering techniques
Authors: Agista T U , Aziz I , Pribadi B , Priyantoro D
Published: February 2020

Nickel chromium oxide (NiCrO) deposition has been carried out on a glass substrate with a variation of the Argon / oxygen (Ar:O) gas ratio using DC sputtering. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Ar: O gas ratio on the energy gap of the NiCrO layer. NiCrO thin film deposition was carried out using a variation ratio of Argon gas and oxygen 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10. To determine the phase formed was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis spectrophotometer test was carried out to determine the transmittance value (% T), then from this data, it can be used to calculate the gap energy. Based on the results of the variation of the gas ratio obtained the largest energy gap of 3.44 eV on the gas ratio variation of 80:20.
Design of rotating table control for acquiring an image in industrial gamma-ray CT prototype using Raspberry Pi 3B+ module
Authors: Shobari Ikhsan , Saputra Ryan Tirta , Handoyo Demon , Rahadi Dimas Aryo
Published: February 2020

The rotating table on an industrial gamma-ray CT device is used to rotate the detector consisting of a line scanner and a gamma-ray source around the test object. The process of acquiring the image is done by rotating the detector and the source 360 degrees around the object, and at a certain angle, the object projection image is captured through the line scanner. A stepper motor is used to rotate the rotating table. The rotary motion of the stepper motor is controlled using the Raspberry Pi 3B+ control module which can be accessed remotely using the TCP/IP communication protocol. As an interface to control the motion of the rotating table, a software that is created using the python programming language is used. The gear ratio between the motor and the rotating table is 23 : 161 which takes 7 full rotations on the stepper motor to produce one full rotation on the rotating table. Based on the test results, 25200 pulses input is needed to rotate the rotating table 360 degrees, while one pulse is able to move the rotating table by 0.0143 degrees.
Synthesis and characterization of photocatalist TiO2 doped with Ni for treatment of waste model from nuclear facility
Authors: Rachminisari A , Salim A , Nana A , Dimyati A
Published: February 2020

Synthesis and characterization of photocatalist TiO2 doped with Ni for treatment of waste model from nuclear facility. Ni doped TiO2 as photocatalyst material has been made. Addition of dopant Ni was carried out by impregnation technique. The Ni content was varied between 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt.%. The TiO2-Ni samples obtained were then characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer and SEM-EDS. The catalyst test is carried out using UV-VIS. The anatase crystal structure appears at 2θ = 25.41°, 37.89°, 48.13°, 55.14° 62.78°. The NiO crystal structure was also found at X-Ray peak 2θ = 38.8°. It obvious that addition of Ni dopants decreased significantly the TiO2 crystal main size The anatase crystal structure formed on TiO2-Ni (3 wt.%) is 84.21%. The results of SEM-EDS analysis showed the best success rate of 91.6% wt 3 wt.% Ni addition. The photocatalist material TiO2-Ni was then applied to treat the standard non-radioactive liquid waste material from BATAN nuclear facility modeled by a mixture based on methylene blue exposed with UV light with variation of time. The degradation rate during processing of methylene blue waste with TiO2-Ni (3 wt.%) using UV light was measured 0.021/hour. The longer the UV irradiation time is the greater the degradation of methylene blue. The making of TiO2 photocatalyst by adding variations of Ni dopant has been successfully caried out, with a fairly good success rate. The highest success rate is addition of Ni by 3% with a success rate of 91.6%.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from duck eggshell modified silver by gamma radiolysis method
Authors: Nurfiana F , Kadarwati A , Putra S
Published: February 2020

Crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) prepared from duck eggshell using the precipitation method. Duck eggshell used because it has higher calcium oxide (CaO) purity than another eggshell. The amount of duck eggshell calcinated to obtain calcium precursor then dropped with phosphoric acid wisely. The hydroxyapatite result modified with a silver (HA-Ag) using gamma radiolysis reduction. Hydroxyapatite powder added with an alcoholic silver ion precursor and followed by high energy gamma irradiation. This modification is to increase the antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite for further medical applications. The results of the bacterial inhibitory test, showed the largest antibacterial clear zone in 25 kGy irradiation dose of HA-Ag. HA and HA-Ag characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX. All characterization result support the forming of pure hydroxyapatite and the presence of a silver particle.
Design of Gamma Irradiator Simulator Category IV Using Arduino Mega’s
Authors: Purbhadi I A , Suhendro B , Ayudya D S
Published: February 2020

DESIGN OF GAMMA IRRADIATOR SIMULATOR CATEGORY IV USING ARDUINO MEGA’s. Irradiation technology is increasingly developing in Indonesia. With the increase in irradiator facilities in Indonesia, it is hoped that irradiator control system technology can be applied in the construction and maintenance of irradiator facilities. This study aims to design and test the reliability of motion system irradiator facilities in category IV. The Iradiator Simulator was designed using 5 conveyors and a source motion system, to control the motion system of the iradiator facility, the Arduino Mega 2560 was used. The simulator that was made had dimensions of 550 mm × 650 mm. The simulator test results obtained the reliability coefficient of 0.62, which means that the iradiator simulator made has a high level of reliability.
Corrosion analysis of post-heat treatment and post-weld SS316 with electrokinetic reactivation and cyclic polarization method
Authors: Kartaman A M , Nurlaily E , Putri A S D , Sihotang J Cs , Kundari N A
Published: February 2020

Austenitic stainless steel 316 has very high mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. This type of steel is widely used both in the nuclear and non-nuclear industries. In the nuclear industry, SS316 is used as a cladding material for uranium fuel due to its good corrosion and mechanical properties, and also low neutron absorption cross-section. In the Center for Nuclear Fuel Technology (PTBBN BATAN), it is used as material for the container of nuclear waste that is to be stored on Temporary Storage Installation of Spent Fuel (KHIPSB3 BATAN). SS316 is used as material for can to contain high-activity solid waste from the testing activity in Radiometallurgy Installation (IRM BATAN). The lid of the container is sealed with the GTAW welding process in order to tightly contain the solid waste. The main problem with the heat treatment and welding process of austenitic stainless steel is the occurrence of sensitization in a temperature range of 500-800°C. Therefore fully electrochemical analysis of SS316 stainless steel in various mediums has been conducted. SS 316 specimen was heat-treated to simulate the heat generated by the welding process. Sensitization analysis was conducted with qualitative and quantitative methods by EIS and EPR, and pitting corrosion resistance was by cyclic polarization method. The solution used for EIS and cyclic polarization test was 0 − 3.5% concentration of NaCl, and for EPR test was a mixture of H2SO4and KSCN. Material characterization before and after corrosion testing was microstructure examination. The result of the corrosion test showed that heat treatment on the temperature range of 500-800°C caused sensitization. The corrosion test curve result showed that a heat treatment temperature of 650°C for 1 hour had the highest activation current. The lowest Rp value for SS316 specimen post heat treatment in 675°C was 69.410 ohm. The welded SS316 specimen had a higher corrosion current than that of the unwelded specimen. The microstructure of the welded specimen showed that there was intergranular corrosion particularly in the HAZ region. The effect of NaCl concentration on the cyclic polarization test showed that the higher the NaCl concentration, the more easily the pitting corrosion. The indication of pitting corrosion occurrence was evaluated by considering the Epitand Erpvalues. The lower Epitvalue meant that pitting corrosion was more easily to occur.
Transfer factor of Radiocesium from soil to spinach plant (Amaranthus sp)
Authors: Sukmabuana Putu , Gede Pranawiditia I , Tursinah Rasito , Chussetijowati Juni
Published: February 2020

Transfer factor of radiocesium from soil to spinach plant (Amaranthus sp). Transfer of Cs radionuclide from andosol soil to spinach plant (Amaranthus sp), which highly consumed by Indonesian people had been studied to obtain the transfer factor value for human internal dose assessment according to soil–crop–human pathway. Spinach plants are planted on andosol soils that have been contaminated with 134Cs. The research was carried out by growing spinach plants on andosol type soil media containing 134Cs until the plants could be harvested. The number of absorbed and accumulated 134Cs by plant parts, namely, the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, are observed every five days. The amount of 134Cs uptake accumulated by plants and 134C concentrations remaining in the soil was measured using a gamma spectrometer. Transfer factor values were determined by comparing the concentration of 134Cs accumulated by plants to their concentrations in soil media. The results of this study obtained that the transfer factor value at harvest age for consumption, i.e., 52 days was 0.527, and the highest was 6.56 when the plant was 76 days. The transfer factor value of higher than one indicates that the spinach plant is a radiocaesium accumulator.
Morphology study of SPIONs coated apoferritin using small-angle neutron/X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Patriati A , Lubis W Z , Suparno N , Soontaranoon S , Mujamilah
Published: February 2020

The morphology structure of super paramagnetic iron nanoparticle (Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3) or SPIONs coated by apoferritin was studied to understand the ability of apoferritin in coating iron oxide. The system was synthesized in a solution to approach the human body’s physiological condition. Small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) techniques were conducted to reveal the nanostructure of the nanoparticle. The fractal structure was observed by SANS for the SPIONs itself, with the diameter of the building sphere was 2.8 nm. Meanwhile, the SAXS data suited a model of the polydisperse sphere, which assumed as the existence of coated and non-coated SPIONs apoferritin and free apoferritin itself. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) data confirmed the assumption and concluded that apoferritin unable to cover all the iron oxide.
Nitrate reductase activity of black rice (oryza sativa l.) cempo ireng cultivar strain 13 and 46 as the result of plant breeding using 60Co gamma ray on drought stress variation
Authors: Putra Valian Purnama , Solichatun  , Sugiyarto  , Sutarno
Published: February 2020

Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been developed as a functional foodstuff due to its higher content of anthocyanins and nutrients. Black rice productivity is relatively low, while current drought stress phenomena may decline crop productivity. The breeding effort with gamma-ray irradiation is done to improve the plant’s ability to be more tolerant against drought stress and increase productivity. Some researches mentioned the use of gamma-ray radiation could initiate morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants. Nitrate reductase activity can be used as a method of crop yields estimation due to its positive correlation with crop productivity. The study aims to examine the nitrate reductase activity and growth responses of the M5 generation from Cempo Ireng Black Rice strain 13 and 46 results of 60Co gamma-ray irradiation compared to black rice without radiation on drought stress variation. The research was conducted with a completely random design factorial. Drought has become a factor I with 3 levels of spacious capacity (100%, 75%, and 50%). Factor II is the black rice strain (13, 46, and no radiation). The observed variables are growth parameters, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA continued with Duncan test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a variation of growth, chlorophyll content, and nitrate reductase activities from black rice crops irradiated by gamma rays, which is also showed a different response to drought stress. The black rice strain of 46 is the rice, which more resistant to drought stress evaluated from the growth parameters, the content of chlorophyll, and its nitrate reductase activity is higher than black rice without radiation.
Development of PID-based furnace temperature control system for zirconium calcination
Authors: Febriardy Enrico Willmanda , Sutanto  , Abimanyu Adi
Published: February 2020

The calcinator furnace in PSTA-BATAN is currently installed with ON-OFF temperature controller to maintaning temperature changes in calcination process. Calcination is a process of heating a substance at high temperature in stages but still below its melting point to remove its impurities. The ON-OFF temperature controller using a relay as the power switching for AC voltages applied on furnace electric heat element when the temperature exceeds or below the set point temperature. The contactor movement in relay will cause a sudden surge of voltages and currents which could lead to the thermal shock or unstable heating rates and unstable holding time. In this paper, the ON-OFF method was developed into Proportional Integral Derivative (PID)-based which has simple structure and robust performance for phase angle controlling in AC voltages applied on furnace electric heat element to controlling the temperature in multi stages by using Arduino Nano as the microcontroller.
Preparation and optimization of SBA-16-Al nanomaterials labeled Technetium-99m for radiation imaging applications
Authors: Nuraeni Witri , Putra Edy Giri Rachman , Daruwati Isti , Prihatiningsih Maria Christina
Published: February 2020

In today’s of the conventional cancer diagnosis, there are still many problems encountered, such as the ineffectiveness of drug loading, instability, and biocompatibility issues. One alternative method for early detection of cancer is using nuclear techniques using radioactive compounds such as Technetium-99m. In the present research work, a silica mesoporous nanomaterial SBA-16-Al will be introduced as a carrier of imaging agent of radioactive compounds that play a role in radiation imaging. The Al-SBA-16 nanomaterials labeled with 99mTc (99mTc-SBA-16-Al) radioisotope exhibited very interesting nuclear properties for applications in imaging radionuclide diagnoses. Preparation by treatment of milling for 30 hours and ultrasonication bath for 60 minutes produced particle sizes of 510-3900 nm with a median of 1587 nm. Based on the results of this study, the optimum radiochemical purity was obtained at 85.66 ± 0.72% with pH 9 of solutions, the ratio of the amount of SnCl2 and SBA-16-Al to 75 μg compared to 1000 μg (1: 13.3), and incubation time during 20 minutes, with the radioactivity of technetium-99m ranging from 0.21 to 1.23 mCi. The results of the electrophoresis test showed that 99mTc-SBA-16-Al is a neutrally charged compound.
Application of nuclear analytical techniques to assess air quality in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso M. , Lestiani D.D. , Kurniawati S. , Damastuti E. , Osan J.
Published: February 2020

Air pollution has become a global concern because of its effects on the environment and human health. Nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) have important application in air pollution monitoring and research. NATs such as Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), X-ray fluoresence (XRF), and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) have been used in quantification of environmental pollutant especially airborne particulate samples (APM) collected from several cities in Indonesia. The samples were analysed for elemental concentrations by INAA at Siwabessy multipurpose reactor and Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor in Indonesia, PIXE at Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences New Zealand, XRF at BATAN Bandung Indonesia, and Synchrotron facilities at Elettra Italy. The techniques provide more than 20 significant elements for identification the possible sources of atmospheric aerosol. The results demonstrated that INAA, PIXE, XRF and XANES can complement significantly the elemental characterization of APM providing the concentration of several major, minor and trace elements. These results can be used as important information on levels and sources of air pollution. It could also be used as an early warning, scientific research-based references in designing and revising various government policies and regulations related air quality standards in Indonesia.
Simulation study for ion beam extraction of 150 keV/2mA ion implantor by using SIMION 8.1
Authors: Adabiah S R , Saefurrochman  , Munawaroh S , Haniah S R
Published: February 2020

A simulation of ion beam extraction and beam formation process for 150 keV/2mA ion implantor using SIMION 8.1. has been done. This simulation is aimed to provide an overview of the influence of the geometry and the effect of the variation of the voltage of both extractor and the acceleration tube of the ion source of ion implantor on the trajectory, beam diameter and beam emittance. The simulation was carried by varying the amount of particles that went through the acclerating tube, varying the accelerating voltage, and the extraction voltage, from 50 to 3000 particles, from 30 kV to 150 kV, and from 1 kV to 10 kV respectively. The simulation results show that the ion extraction process and the ion beam formation at the ion source of ion implantor is very dependent on the geometry and the voltage of both electrode and the extractor on the device. The incorrect electrode geometry and voltage would cause the particle trajectory to be non-linear, while the angle of the beam would diverge too much. We’ve also found that the amount of simulated particle would affect the homogeneity of the cross section of the beam. The bigger the amount of the simulated particle, the more homogeneous and stable the beam becomes. Unfortunately, for 3000 particles the running process was very long and prone to errors. Therefore in this simulation, the amount of particles is set to 2000, which gave us a rather uniform beam cross section. The variation of extraction voltage 1 kV to 10 kV while keeping the accelerating voltage constant at 150 kV produced an increment of the diameter of the ion beam from 3.84 cm to 4.12 cm. The variation of accelerating voltage from 30 kV to 150 kV while keeping the extraction voltage constant at 10 kV caused the spot diameter of the ion beam to increase. The value of the spot diameter of the ion beam when the accelerating voltage is kept at 150 kV are 4.12 ± 0.05 cm and 4.05 ± 0.05 cm for y-axis and x-axis respectively.
Separation the zircon mineral from tailing Tin mining using shaking table
Authors: Sajima  , Handini T , Suyanti  , Sudaryadi
Published: February 2020

Separation the zircon mineral from tailing tin mining using a shaking table. Zircon mineral has been separated from the Bangka Belitung tin mine tailings by shaking table. The process stage begins with draining the water until the flow is in a stable state, followed by loading the material through the feeder. The results of the process in the form of concentrate were dried in the oven at 105 °C. This research studied the effects of water discharge, feed rate, and the tilt angle of the shaking table. The results obtained were the optimum water discharge at 17 liters per minute, the feed rate was 15 kg per minute with a tilt angle of the shaking table was 10°. In these conditions, the recovery results obtained were 88.80 %.
Automation of mixing tank system in STTN-BATAN mini plant using DCS Centum VP
Authors: Irwanto Yudi , Harsono Djiwo , Sutanto
Published: February 2020

Mixing tank system is main part of STTN-BATAN mini plant which functions to mix two liquid materials from tank 1 and tank 2 into tank 3. At present, proccess in mixing tank system has not fully worked automatically. Where, operator must be operated one by one for the process sequence. This results in the mixing process become less homogeneous. The purpose of this research is to build an automation of mixing tank system in STTN-BATAN mini plant using DCS Centum VP software to get better homogenous. This research began with the creation of new project in Centum VP software, creating HMI displays, DCS programming, and automation testing in STTN-BATAN mini plant. Before optimization, it was shown that the average excess fluid from tank-1 to tank-3 is 6.252 mmH2O, from tank-2 to tank-3 is 5.272 mmH2O. After optimization, better results are obtained. It was shown that the average excess liquid from tank-1 to tank-3 is 1.178 mmH2O, from tank-2 to tank-3 is 1.33 mmH2O.
Three axis milling machine applications for welding samples test neutron instrument using friction stir welding method
Authors: Saparudin Muhamad , Priyanto Tri Hardi , Apriansyah Rifky , Muslih Refai
Published: February 2020

Milling machine is one of the conventional machine that capable of working on a flat surface, side cuting upright, leaning even the making of grooves and gear. This work on machine tools or finish a workpiece using milling knife (cutter) as chisel cut rotating on the axis of the machine. Welding is one of the important process in the manufacture of sample for industrial use. Friction stir welding one of welding techniques without welding medium. The welding process from this technique is obtained from the combination of heat and pressure due to friction between the spindle and the welding materials. Study on friction stir welding is carried out using a milling machine 3 axis with spindle as a tool for welding processes. The test materials Al and Mg alloy.The sample is positioned steady in sample holder, while the spindle spins welding instrument. Welding is carried out using the Y direction of the engine with a direct corner frais welding processes of 1o. Z-axis direction is used to immerse the spindle holder between two stir welding material to be in the welding, as for the direction of the X-axis is keep stable in its position. Spindle shaft dimension D = 25 mm, L = 100 mm spindle shaft, spindle las D = 5 L = 5, 4 mm. The speed of rotation of the engine use a two-speed variation, i.e 1450rpm and 180rpm. In this research, the result show that using 180rpm of the speed rotation engine with the feeding speed is 1,3 mm/min, and the temperature 55° C,is the optimum condition for welding of Al alloy by Mg, The welding surface look smooth without any cracks contour, as well as the level of its homogeneity of material both look almost reached a percentage of 50:50.
Neutronic analysis of comparation UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel for 300MWth Gas Cooled Fast Reactor long life without refueling
Authors: Syarifah Ratna Dewi , Arkundato Artoto , Irwanto Dwi , Su’ud Zaki
Published: February 2020

Neutronic analysis of comparation UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel for 300MWth Gas Cooled Fast Reactor long life without refueling has been done. Gas Cooled Fast Reactor is a Generation IV reactor with gas coolant (i.e. helium) and using fast spectrum neutron. The neutronic calculation was carried out using SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) version 2006 under the Linux Operating System with nuclear data library JENDL4.0. The first calculation is fuel pin cell calculation (PIJ-method) by using a hexagonal cell and then followed by the calculation of the core reactor (CITATION-method). The calculation of the core reactor used homogeneous and heterogeneous core configuration. The UN-PuN fuel use plutonium as a fissile material and natural uranium as a fertile material and the ThN fuel use U233 as a fissile material and natural thorium as a fertile material. The percentages of fissile material are varied in heterogeneous core configuration. It is used to decrease the peaking power in the center of the core. The heterogeneous core configuration contains of Fuel 1 (F1) 8% fissile materials, Fuel 2 (F2) 10% fissile materials, and Fuel 3 (F3) 12% fissile materials. F1 is located in the central core, F2 middle core and F3 outer core. The diameter and height active core are 240 cm and 100 cm. The reflector radial-axial width is 50 cm. All of the calculations can reach burn up time more than 20 years with excess reactivity less than 1 percent (Δk/k <1%) both UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel. It means that the reactor stable in 20 years. The average of power density both of UN-PuN fuel and ThN fuel are around 66 Watt/cc. The maximum power density of UN-PuN fuel is 94Watt/cc and ThN fule is 129Watt/cc. The UN-PuN fuel has lower maximum power density value than ThN fuel. So, for fast neutron spectrum reactor especially Gas Cooled Fast Reactor type, it is better used UN-PuN fuel than ThN fuel.
Characterization of suspended PM2.5 and PM10 concentration and radioactivity around rembang steam power plant
Authors: Sukirno  , Murniasih Sri , Prabasiwi Devi Swasti
Published: February 2020

Around Rembang Power Plant, ambient air samples of PM2.5 and PM10 has been taken. Result of this study can be useful as information for stakeholder and also people around Rembang power plant. Total characterization of average mass concentration in 6 locations for PM 2.5 and PM10 are 17.08 μg/m3 and 27.38 μg/m3 respectively. Those values are below air quality requirement by WHO. According to WHO, PM 2.5 should not exceed 25 μg/m3 and PM10 is not more than 50 μg/m3. Mass of PM 2.5 was around 63% from PM10 mass. This data shows that fossil fuel is main source of suspended particulate matter around Rembang power plant. Radioactivity analysis was done using gamma spectrometry, HPGe detector, radioactive sources (Eu-152 and Cs-137) and also Maestro 2 software. Radioactivity of Ra- 226 for PM2.5 and PM10, are 5.72 μBq/m3 and 7.30 μBq/m3 respectively. Radioactivity of Th-232 for PM2,5 and PM10 are 1.17 μBq/m3 and 2.59 μBq/m3 respectively, while radioactivity of K-40 for PM2.5 and PM10 are 17.68 μBq/m3 and 25.58 μBq/m3, respectively. Those values of radioactivity are below recommended values released by Regulation of Nuclear Regulatory Agency Head Number 7 Year of 2017 About Radioactivity Level in Air. According to this law, radioactivity of Ra-226 is below 1800 μBq/m3 and for Th-232 is below 2300 μBq/m3.
Applicability of EDXRF for elemental analysis in airborne particulate matter (APM): assessment using APM reference material
Authors: Sari D K , Lestiani D D , Kurniawati S , Adventini N , Atmodjo D P D , Kusmartini I
Published: February 2020

Nuclear analytical technique such as EDXRF has been widely used for elemental analysis of airborne particulate matters (APM). EDXRF Epsilon5 has been installed and commissioned in Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology-BATAN Bandung, Indonesia. Measurement conditions has to be set up to determine several elements: Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Pb, S, Si, Ti and Zn. Optimization was carried out by optimizing the excitation conditions covering the tube voltage, tube current, secondary target, and analysis time. Method validation of EDXRF Epsilon5 was determined using Standard Reference Material (SRM) NIST 2783 Air Particulate on Filter Media for ensuring the reliability on APM analysis. Four measurement conditions with variation setting of tube voltage, tube current, secondary target, and analysis time were defined for several elements. The results of the selected elements were in a good agreement with the certified values. Replication of analysis using air particulate on filter media reference material using EDXRF Epsilon5 were considered as valid, accurate and reliable data.
An interlaboratory comparison of INAA analytical method for coal fly ash elemental characterization
Authors: Damastuti Endah , Santoso Muhayatun , Yusuf Saiful , Woro Yatu N.S.
Published: February 2020

Quality assurance of analytical results has become the high market demand in this globalization era. Accurate and reliable for analytical data is one of the requirements for a testing laboratory to get recognition from customers and institutions that issue certificates, which may be obtained by ensuring the validity of the used analytical methods. Validation of methods applied by laboratories can be done; one of by conducting proficiency tests or inter-laboratory comparative tests. We have been conducted the Inter-laboratory comparative tests for Neutron Activation Analysis for elemental characterization of coal fly ash. Coal fly ash samples were prepared according to ISO Guide 34 and 35, and distributed to eleven NAA laboratories in Indonesia as well as in other countries. As much as 18 elements should be analyzed by participant laboratories. The results were processed statistically using Z-score where it found that three elements (Hg, Se, and Mg) cannot be evaluated due to insufficient data and also high variations of the data, while for other elements such as As, Th, Na, and Sb showed a good agreement among participant laboratories. Through this inter-laboratory comparative testing program, it is expected that NAA laboratories, especially in BATAN, can maintain and improve their performance and quality of their analytical results.
Neutron activation analysis of natural dyes elements to minimize batik industry wastewater
Authors: Indrayani L , Triwiswara M , Salma IR , Nuraini E
Published: February 2020

The improvement of the batik industry besides having a positive influence on improving the economy and the welfare of the community also has negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is the emergence of batik industry waste water in quite large quantities. Therefore the use of natural dyes is seen as an alternative effort in terms of minimizing the quantity of batik waste. The batik production process involves heavy metal elements so that the waste also contains heavy metal elements which can potentially pollute the environment. Some batik industries in Yogyakarta do not yet have a waste treatment plant so that the waste is directly discharged into the environment. In this study an analysis of heavy metal elements contained in natural dyes are Tegeran (Cudrania Javanensis) and Jalawe (Terminalia bellirica) by the neutron activation analysis method and enumeration was carried out using a spectrometry detector conducted at Centre of Science and Accelerator Technology-Yogyakarta. This Research state that some metal element Tegeran (Cudrania Javanensis are Th-227, Gd- 161, Kr-88, Na-24,I-135 dan K-40. While Metal elemen in Jalawe (Terminalia bellirica) are Th-227, Rh-104, Ir-192, Br-84, Tl-208, I-135, Eu-152, I-134, Y-92 dan K-40. The use of natural dyes with optimal fixation will produce different color variations. This is because the bonding of metal elements with each metal type in the fixator will form different chemical bonds. It is hoped that by analyzing the metal content of natural dyes, batik performers can use natural dyes optimally and can minimalize wastewater in batik industry. The first section in your paper.
Hierarchical structure and antibacterial activity of olive oil based MZFe2O4 ferrofluids
Authors: Yuliantika Defi , Taufiq Ahmad , Putra Edy Giri Rahman
Published: February 2020

MZFe2O4 (Z = Zn; M = Mn) ferrofluids based on olive oil as liquid carrier was successfully prepared by coprecipitation route. The stability of the MZFe2O4 ferrofluids was maintained by using oleic acid as surfactant agent. Their morphology, crystal structure, fractal structure, and optical behaviours were investigated by means of SEM, XRD, SAXS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the potency as antibacterial agent of the MZFe2O4 ferrofluids was explored by dilution method. The analysis for the XRD data presented that the MZFe2O4 particles as fillers constructed in nanometric scale with cubic spinel structure. The SEM images of the MZFe2O4 powders tended to agglomerate with spherical shape. Moreover, the MZFe2O4 ferrofluids constructed complex structure with aggregated fractal originated by interaction of internal force of magnetic particles. Theoretically, such phenomenon is predicted as the effect of filler, surfactant, and liquid carrier in the ferrofluids. Interestingly, the MZFe2O4 ferrofluids demonstrated superior performance as antibacterial agent than those of MZFe2O4 nanopowders. Technically, the superior performance of the ferrofluids is believed from its significant enhancing inhibition zone diameter as the effect of olive oil as an appropriate carrier.
Partial Least Square (PLS) Method of Addressing Multicollinearity Problems in Multiple Linear Regressions (Case Studies: Cost of electricity bills and factors affecting it)
Authors: Wondola D W , Aulele S N , Lembang F K
Published: February 2020

Multiple regression analysis is a statistical analysis used to predict the effect of several independent variables on the dependent variable. The problem that often occurs in multiple linear regression models is multicollinearity which is a condition of a strong relationship between independent variables. To overcome the problem of multicollinearity, the Partial Least Square method is used. This method reduces independent variables that have no significant effect on the dependent variable, then new variables with smaller dimensions are formed which are linear combinations of the independent variables, therefore the partial significance test (t test) becomes an important part in the formation of PLS components. Furthermore, using the PLS method, we obtain: Ŷ = 126.220 + 12.034 (Income) + 12.437 (Number of Family Members) + 12.959 (House Area) +11.919 (Number of Rooms) +12.274 (Number of Electronic Devices)
Nilpotent Graph in Ring Zn
Authors: Tahya F , Persulessy E R
Published: February 2020

The nilpotent graph is a graph’s structure motivated by the characteristics of some elements of a ring. If G is a graph, G(N) is a nilpotent graph in which the set of all non-nilpotent elements of a ring taken as a vertex set. For each x, y in R\nil(R), x and y are said to be connected or adjacent to an edge, if the sum of the vertices x and y is equal to the nilpotent element in the ring. This research aims to explain how to construct a nilpotent graph G(N) from a commutative ring. The results of this research are the characteristic of the nilpotent graph of a ring Zn
for n prime numbers, a nilpotent graph for the ring Z
2
k, and ring Zn
with n = 6m where 1 ≤ m < 5 can create 3 nilpotent subgraphs, they are a complete subgraph (km
) and 2 regular subgraphs in which the degree of vertices is equal to m.
Development of Utilization of Tuna Bone Waste as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production Using Padina sp. Seaweed and Palm Oil
Authors: Sutapa I W , Bandjar A , Latupeirissa J , Toesik M M A F
Published: February 2020

The development research of heterogeneous catalyst applications from tuna bone waste for biodiesel production with palm oil and Padina sp seaweed oil as a source of oil has conducted. Synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts from tuna bone waste performed through calcination process at 1000 °C for 2 hours. The result of the catalyst conversion from tuna bone waste 49.69%. The use of catalysts in biodiesel production is carried out through the transesterification process using Padina sp. and palm oil. The yield of Padina sp. seaweed oil biodiesel was obtained 0.001%, while biodiesel sourced from palm oil obtained a yield of 66.03%. The biodiesel results obtained were tested physically and chemically according to the minimum requirements as biodiesel.
Quality and Chemical Composition of Cajuput Oil from Moluccas and Papua
Authors: Idrus S , Radiena M S , Sumarsana  , Smith H
Published: February 2020

Melaleuca leucadendron Linn is a type of cajuput oil producer was found in the Moluccas are mostly on the Buru Island and West Seram, while Asteromyrtus brasii is a type that is found in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua. This study aims to decide on the chemical content and physical properties of cajuput oil that distilled from Melaleuca leucadindron leaves from Moluccas and A. brasii which grow in meet Wasur National Park. Analysis of the chemical content of essential oils was carried out using the Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer method. Physical properties analysis was carried out using the method according to SNI 06-3954-2006. The test results showed that the quality of cajuput oil from Melaleuca leucadendron the SNI 06-3954-2006 standard, while type A. brasii did not meet the quality requirements based on SNI 06-3954-2006. The results obtained from the test using the GCMS method showed that there were 26 peaks with the highest peak being 1.8 cineole. The content of 1.8 cineole from Buru Island at 61.69%, West Barat at 70.22% and Wasur National Park at 34.88%.
Characteristics Squalene of Smallfin Gulper Shark (Centrophorus moluccensis) Livers From Aru Islands, Mollucas, Indonesia
Authors: Hadinoto S , Idrus S , Smith H , Sumarsana  , Radiena M S Y
Published: February 2020

Smallfin gulper sharks (Centrophorus moluccensis) commercially exploited as food ingredient and contain high squalene in their livers. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and composition of smallfin gulper shark liver oil compounds from the Aru Island waters, Mollucas, Indonesia. Smallfin gulper shark liver oil extraction uses a dry rendering method. The quality was analyzed based on the analysis procedure in SNI 01-2730-1992 regarding the quality standards of fish oil. Meanwhile, to find out the fatty acid content, an analysis was performed using GC-MS. The results showed that the quality of smallfin gulper shark liver oil generally met the quality standard with a yield of 83%, while the compounds composition was dominated by squalene compound of the remaining 95.10% in the form of palmitic acid, α-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA.