bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fibres on the behaviour of Bottle shaped strut
Authors: Sagi Murali Sagar Varma , Suriya Prakash S
Published: January 2021

Bottle-shaped struts are the critical elements in the design of D-regions using Strut-and-Tie method. The transverse tension develops due to dispersion of compression load which further leads to splitting crack in bottle shaped strut. Due to this, the strut fails before reaching its ultimate compression capacity. Higher resistance to the transverse tension can improve the strut capacity and its efficiency in load transfer. Transverse tensile stress can be resisted by providing the steel reinforcement or through the addition of discrete fibres in the concrete. Many international codes like ACI, AASTHO, and CSA have suggested guidelines about the addition of steel fibre reinforcement in the bottle-shaped struts for resisting the transverse tension. Still, the influence of the discrete fibres on the performance of the bottle-shaped strut is not well established. The performance of the bottle-shaped strut in terms of efficiency factors, crack pattern and failure mode for different amounts of macro steel fibres and micro polypropylene fibres are studied using experimental investigation. Specimens of 600mm x 600mmx 100mm size were tested under compression. Steel fibres are added in the proportions of 0.7%, 0.9% and 1.1% volume fractions to the concrete. Effect of fibre hybridization also studied by adding micro polypropylene fibres in the proportions of 1% and 2% in addition to the steel fibres. Experimental results showed that adding discrete fibres in concrete significantly improved the resistance to the transverse tension in bottle-shaped struts and led to the increased load-carrying capacity of the specimens. A 75% improvement in the efficiency factor is observed at 0.9% volume of steel fibre addition. Addition of micro polypropylene fibres to the macro steel fibres further enhanced the load-carrying capacity of the bottle-shaped struts. Microfibres in the concrete effectively arrested the micro-cracks and delayed the occurrence of a first splitting crack in the strut region. Due to this the mode of failure changed to ductile through the formation of a greater number of small cracks with less crack width at the ultimate load. Results of this study clearly show that the addition of discrete fibres to the concrete is an effective solution to improve the performance of the bottle-shaped struts in terms of ultimate strength and serviceability.
Seasonal effect on compressive strength of ambient cured, nominal mix proportioned alkali-activated slag concrete
Authors: Markandeya Raju P , Lakshmi V , Santosh Kumar K
Published: January 2021

Strength of the concrete is a very important factor for the safe design of concrete and safe construction. Nowadays high strength concrete has an important role in the construction of different structures. It is difficult to enhance the strength of the concrete and enhancing strength requires a lot of changes in the mix design. The present study is to develop Geopolymer concrete to increase the compressive strength of low nominal mix proportions using alkali actuators like NaOH and Na2SiO3 solutions. Geopolymer concrete is one of the best alternative concrete for conventional and other cement concretes for many reasons. The Geopolymer concrete is prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fume (SF) as a binder. NaOH and Na2SiO3 solutions are adopted as alkali activators. Quartz sand is used as fine aggregate along with normally used coarse aggregate. Cubes are prepared with different combinations of ingredients and after 28 days of ambient curing conditions, the cubes are tested for compressive strength. And this study is conducted in summer, monsoon and winter seasons to study the effect of seasons on ambient curing of the Geopolymer concrete.
The potency of IS 875 (Part 3) 2015 code provisions on A-type trusses in the cyclonic regions of India
Authors: Baswa Santhosh Kumar , Balaji KVGD , Patnaikuni Chandan Kumar
Published: January 2021

SP 38:1987 Handbook for the design of trusses have been widely used by the structural engineers in India. The designs were recommended 1987 version wind load provisions. The revised version of IS 875 was released in 2015 with certain additional recommendations for computation of design wind pressures in static load consideration. In this paper comparative analysis was made on A-Type trusses for 9m and 24 m spans with STAAD Pro (8i) software to determine the extent of increase of truss forces. It was inferred that the trusses forces for smaller spans are more increased when compared to larger spans.
Laser dynamics in nonlinear transparent media with electron plasma generation: effects of electron–hole radiative recombinations
Authors: Kameni Nteutse P , Dikandé Alain M , Zekeng S
Published: January 2021

The performance of optical devices manufactured via laser micromachining on nonlinear transparent materials usually relies on three main factors, which are the characteristic laser parameters (i.e. the laser power, pulse duration and pulse repetition rate), the characteristic properties of host materials (e.g. their chromatic dispersions, optical nonlinearities or self-focusing features) and the relative importance of physical processes such as the avalanche impact ionization, multiphoton ionization and electron–hole radiative recombination processes. These factors act in conjunction to impose the regime of laser operation; in particular, their competition determines the appropriate laser operation regime. In this work a theoretical study is proposed to explore the effects of the competition between multiphoton absorption, plasma ionization and electron–hole radiative recombination processes on the laser dynamics in transparent materials with Kerr nonlinearity. The study rests on a model consisting of a K-order nonlinear complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, coupled to a first-order equation describing time variation of the electron plasma density. An analysis of the stability of continuous waves, following the modulational instability approach, reveals that the combination of multiphoton absorption and electron–hole radiative recombination processes can be detrimental or favorable to continuous-wave operation, depending on the group-velocity dispersion of the host medium. Numerical simulations of the model equations in the fully nonlinear regime reveal the existence of pulse trains, the amplitudes of which are enhanced by the radiative recombination processes. Numerical results for the density of the induced electron plasma feature two distinct regimes of time evolution, depending on the strength of the electron–hole radiative recombination processes.
Global Anomie Theory
Authors: Twyman-Ghoshal Anamika
Published: January 2021

Global anomie theory (GAT), as articulated by Nikos Passas, provides an explanation of the impact of globalization and neoliberalism on nations and the conditions within them to create anomie resulting in deviance. Drawing on Merton’s anomie theory, GAT includes an analysis of the global structural and cultural forces acting on the relations between society and individuals. The theory is integrative, incorporating anomie with other criminological approaches and with knowledge from related social sciences. GAT is designed to provide a comprehensive macro-level theory on the social context for deviance.

The global anomie approach suggests that neoliberal globalization is a root cause of anomie and dysnomie, creating an environment conducive to crime and social harm. The theory posits that the growth and intensity of neoliberalization has multiplied criminogenic asymmetries creating discrepancies between cultural goals and the legitimate means of achieving those goals. The interconnections generated by globalization are manifest through increased social mobility, enhanced international communication, and intensified international trade. This process has been magnified globally, stressing the importance of an unfettered free market, espousing material goals, economic growth, and consumerism. In this environment of growing interconnectedness, reference groups are broadened, which influence aspirations, steering them increasingly toward economic goals. Simultaneously, the process of globalization exposes inequities, stratifications, exclusions, and marginalization, which impede access to the sought-after material goals, creating both absolute and relative deprivation. Echoing Merton’s work, Passas argues that when aspirations are not realized, such blockages lead to systematic frustrations. Individuals adapt to the strain in different ways, some through deviance. Deviant behavior is rationalized under these structural conditions, which when successful and allowed to continue with impunity, becomes established and normative for others in society, including for those that do not experience the original strain. At the same time, the theory identifies the impact of neoliberal globalization on governance. Normative standards and control mechanisms are reduced in an effort to shrink government intervention and oversight; this includes reducing social support mechanisms to make way for a privatized market. The ability of governments to act effectively is further impeded as deviant adaptations become normalized, creating an environment of dysnomie.
Dietary interventions to prevent high-fructose diet–associated worsening of colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Nishiguchi Ryohei , Basu Srijani , Staab Hannah A , Ito Naotake , Zhou Xi Kathy , Wang Hanhan , Ha Taehoon , Johncilla Melanie , Yantiss Rhonda K , Montrose David C , Dannenberg Andrew J
Published: January 2021

Diet is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. High consumption of dietary fructose has been shown to exacerbate experimental colitis, an effect mediated through the gut microbiota. This study evaluated whether dietary alterations could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high-fructose diet (HFrD) in experimental colitis. First, we determined whether the procolitic effects of a HFrD could be reversed by switching mice from a HFrD to a control diet. This diet change completely prevented HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, in association with a rapid normalization of the microbiota. Second, we tested the effects of dietary fiber, which demonstrated that psyllium was the most effective type of fiber for protecting against HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, compared with pectin, inulin, or cellulose. In fact, supplemental psyllium nearly completely prevented the detrimental effects of the HFrD, an effect associated with a shift in the gut microbiota. We next determined whether the protective effects of these interventions could be extended to chronic colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model, we first demonstrated that HFrD feeding exacerbated chronic colitis and increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the same dietary changes tested in the acute colitis setting, we also showed that mice were protected from HFrD-mediated enhanced chronic colitis and tumorigenesis, upon either diet switching or psyllium supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that high consumption of fructose may enhance colon tumorigenesis associated with long-standing colitis, an effect that could be reduced by dietary alterations.
Complete Genome Sequences of Chesapeake Bay Synechococcus Strains CBW1002 and CBW1006 Isolated in Winter
Authors: Fucich Daniel , Xu Yongle , Sosa Ana , Jia Yufeng , Zhang Rui , Jiao Nianzhi , Chen Feng
Published: January 2021

Synechococcus are picocyanobacteria with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are capable of surviving in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Synechococcus have been isolated from the Chesapeake Bay during winter months, and they show an impressive tolerance to cold temperatures. Cold-adapted Synechococcus are unique and diverse, as they have complex phylogenetic lineages closely related to subalpine cluster II, Bornholm Sea cluster, CB7 cluster, and some novel lineages which are independent from summer estuarine strains in subcluster 5.2. CBW1002 and CBW1006 are the first complete genomes to represent Bornholm Sea cluster Synechococcus strains. They have some of the largest genomes among the Synechococcus (3.8 Mb) and share many unique and cryptic homologs which could give insight into their ability to tolerate such cold and dynamic conditions in the Chesapeake Bay estuary.
The relationship betweenVs, Vp, density and depth based on PS-logging data at K-NET and KiK-net sites
Authors: Nagashima Fumiaki , Kawase Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

P-wave velocity (Vp) is an important parameter for constructing seismic velocity models of the subsurface structures by using microtremors and earthquake ground motions or any other geophysical exploration data. In order to reflect the ground survey information in Japan to the Vp structure, we investigated the relationships among Vs, Vp and depth by using PS-logging data at all K-NET and KiK-net sites. Vp values are concentrated at around 500 and 1500 m s–1 when Vs is lower than 1000 m s–1, where these concentrated areas show two distinctive characteristics of unsaturated and saturated soil, respectively. Many Vp values in the layer shallower than 4 m are around 500 m s–1, which suggests the dominance of unsaturated soil, while many Vp values in the layer deeper than 4 m are larger than 1500 m s–1, which suggests the dominance of saturated soil there. We also investigated those relationships for different soil types at K-NET sites. Although each soil type has its own depth range, all soil types show similar relationships among Vs, Vp and depth. Then, considering the depth profile of Vp, we divided the data set into two by the depth, which is shallower or deeper than 4 m and calculated the geometrical mean of Vp and the geometrical standard deviation in every Vs bins of 200 m s–1. Finally, we obtained the regression curves for the average and standard deviation of Vp estimated from Vs to get the Vp conversion functions from Vs, which can be applied to a wide Vs range. We also obtained the regression curves for two data sets with Vp lower and higher than 1200 m s–1. These regression curves can be applied when the groundwater level is known. In addition, we obtained the regression curves for density from Vs or Vp. An example of the application for those relationships in the velocity inversion is shown.
Derived Traces of Soergel Categories
Authors: Gorsky Eugene , Hogancamp Matthew , Wedrich Paul
Published: January 2021

We study two kinds of categorical traces of (monoidal) dg categories, with particular interest in categories of Soergel bimodules. First, we explicitly compute the usual Hochschild homology, or derived vertical trace, of the category of Soergel bimodules in arbitrary types. Secondly, we introduce the notion of derived horizontal trace of a monoidal dg category and compute the derived horizontal trace of Soergel bimodules in type $A$. As an application we obtain a derived annular Khovanov–Rozansky link invariant with an action of full twist insertion, and thus a categorification of the HOMFLY-PT skein module of the solid torus.
Two high-risk clones of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae that cause infections in pets and are present in the environment of a veterinary referral hospital
Authors: Brilhante Michael , Gobeli Brawand Stefanie , Endimiani Andrea , Rohrbach Helene , Kittl Sonja , Willi Barbara , Schuller Simone , Perreten Vincent
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are an emerging problem in pets and a major threat to public health. We determined the genetic relationships among carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKp) strains causing infections in hospitalized pets in a veterinary clinic and those found in the environment.

Methods

WGS was performed with both the Illumina and Nanopore platforms. Searches of genetic features were performed using several databases and bioinformatics tools, and phylogeny was assessed by whole-genome MLST (wgMLST) using SeqSphere and SNP calling with Snippy.

Results

WGS analysis of the CPKp strains identified all environmental and almost all animal strains as the high-risk clone ST11, with the exception of two strains that belonged to ST307. All CPKp belonged to novel complex types (CTs) and carried a conjugative 63 kb IncL plasmid encoding the carbapenemase gene blaOXA-48, yersiniabactin and other virulence factors. Although all CPKp ST11 strains carried additional similar IncR plasmids harbouring multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), such as the plasmid-mediated blaDHA-1 AmpC gene, some structural variations were observed. The two ST307 strains carried identical 156 kb MDR IncFIB(K) plasmids with several ARGs, including the blaCTX-M-15 ESBL gene. Both wgMLST and cgSNP analysis confirmed that CPKp strains of the same ST were genetically highly related independent of the source of isolation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the clinical CPKp strains were highly related to those contaminating the clinical environment. These findings confirmed nosocomial spread and highlight veterinary hospitals as a source of CPKp, which may further spread to animals, the environment and humans.
Assessment of calciprotein particle formation by AUC of the absorbance change: effect of FYB-931, a novel bisphosphonate compound
Authors: Ishida Koichi , Ashizawa Naoki , Morikane Shota , Kurita Naoki , Kobashi Seiichi , Iwanaga Takashi
Published: January 2021

Objective

Ectopic calcification such as vascular calcification, involves the formation of calciprotein particle (CPP), that is, colloidal particle of calcium phosphate bound to serum protein. In this study, a novel parameter for CPP formation was introduced, thereby the effect of FYB-931, a bisphosphonate compound was evaluated.

Methods

CPP formation in rat serum was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the change in absorbance over time, and the commonly used T50, as indices. In vivo, the rats were treated with vitamin D3 to induce vascular calcification and then intravenously administered FYB-931 or etidronate thrice weekly for 2 weeks.

Key findings

In vitro, FYB-931 was the most potent inhibitor of CPP formation and it also inhibited the maximum response of CPP formation at higher concentrations. The AUC of the change in absorbance provided obvious dose-dependency, while T50 did not. FYB-931 dose-dependently prevented aortic calcification in vivo as well as CPP formation ex vivo more potently than etidronate. AUC showed a stronger correlation with the degree of aortic calcification than T50.

Conclusions

The AUC in CPP formation can be an alternative parameter that reflects calcification. Based on the findings, FYB-931 has potential as an anti-calcifying agent.
Moving to and fro between Arabidopsis and its crop relatives confirms the role of chromosome remodelling on meiotic recombination
Authors: Jenczewski Eric
Published: January 2021

This article comments on:

Cuacos M, Lambing C, Pachon-Penalba M, Osman K, Armstrong SJ, Henderson IR, Sanchez-Moran E, Franklin FCH, Heckmann S. 2021. Meiotic chromosome axis remodelling is critical for meiotic recombination in Brassica rapa. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 3012–3027.
Novel roles of an intragenic G-quadruplex in controlling microRNA expression and cardiac function
Authors: Zhu Min , Gao Juan , Lin Xian-Juan , Gong Yun-Yun , Qi Yan-Chao , Ma Yuan-Liang , Song Yuan-Xiu , Tan Wei , Li Fang-Yuan , Ye Min , Gong Jun , Cui Qing-Hua , Huang Zeng-Hui , Zhang You-Yi , Wang Xiu-Jie , Lan Feng , Wang Shi-Qiang , Yuan Gu , Feng Yue , Xu Ming
Published: January 2021

Simultaneous dysregulation of multiple microRNAs (miRs) affects various pathological pathways related to cardiac failure. In addition to being potential cardiac disease-specific markers, miR-23b/27b/24-1 were reported to be responsible for conferring cardiac pathophysiological processes. In this study, we identified a conserved guanine-rich RNA motif within the miR-23b/27b/24-1 cluster that can form an RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) in vitro and in cells. Disruption of this intragenic rG4 significantly increased the production of all three miRs. Conversely, a G4-binding ligand tetrandrine (TET) stabilized the rG4 and suppressed miRs production in human and rodent cardiomyocytes. Our further study showed that the rG4 prevented Drosha-DGCR8 binding and processing of the pri-miR, suppressing the biogenesis of all three miRs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated G4 deletion in the rat genome aberrantly elevated all three miRs in the heart in vivo, leading to cardiac contractile dysfunction. Importantly, loss of the G4 resulted in reduced targets for the aforementioned miRs critical for normal heart function and defects in the L-type Ca2+ channel-ryanodine receptor (LCC-RyR) coupling in cardiomyocytes. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for G4-dependent regulation of miR biogenesis, which is essential for maintaining normal heart function.
Holoparasitic plant–host interactions and their impact on Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Casadesús Andrea , Munné-Bosch Sergi
Published: January 2021

Although photosynthesis is essential to sustain life on Earth, not all plants use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water. Holoparasitic plants, which are important in agricultural and natural ecosystems, are dependent on other plants for nutrients. Phytohormones are crucial in holoparasitic plant–host interactions, from seed germination to senescence, not only because they act as growth and developmental regulators, but also because of their central role in the regulation of host photosynthesis and source–sink relations between the host and the holoparasitic plant. Here, we compile and discuss current knowledge on the impact and ecophysiology of holoparasitic plants (such as the broomrapes Orobanche sp. and Phelipanche sp.) that infest economically important dicotyledonous crops in Mediterranean agroecosystems (legumes [Fabaceae], sunflowers [Helianthus sp.], or tomato [Solanum lycopersicum] plants). We also highlight the role of holoparasitic plant–host interactions (such as those between Cytinus hypocistis and various shrubs of the genus Cistus) in shaping natural Mediterranean ecosystems. The roles of phytohormones in controlling plant–host interactions, abiotic factors in parasitism, and the biological significance of natural seed banks and how dormancy and germination are regulated, will all be discussed. Holoparasitic plants are unique organisms; improving our understanding of their interaction with hosts as study models will help us to better manage parasitic plants, both in agricultural and natural ecosystems.
KISS ME DEADLY F-box proteins modulate cytokinin responses by targeting the transcription factor TCP14 for degradation
Authors: Steiner Evyatar , Triana Monica Rojas , Kubasi Sivan , Blum Shula , Paz-Ares Javier , Rubio Vicente , Weiss David
Published: January 2021

The F-box proteins KISS ME DEADLY interact with the transcription factor TCP14 and target it for degradation to fine-tune cytokinin responses in leaves and flowers.
Physiological and ecological warnings that dodders pose an exigent threat to farmlands in Eastern Africa
Authors: Masanga Joel , Mwangi Beatrice Njoki , Kibet Willy , Sagero Philip , Wamalwa Mark , Oduor Richard , Ngugi Mathew , Alakonya Amos , Ojola Patroba , Bellis Emily S , Runo Steven
Published: January 2021

Invasive holoparasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta (dodder) threaten African ecosystems due to their rapid spread and attack on various host plant species. Most Cuscuta species cannot photosynthesize and hence rely on host plants for nourishment. After attachment through a peg-like organ called a haustorium, the parasites deprive hosts of water and nutrients, which negatively affects host growth and development. Despite their rapid spread in Africa, dodders have attracted limited research attention, although data on their taxonomy, host range, and epidemiology are critical for their management. Here, we combine taxonomy and phylogenetics to reveal the presence of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) and C. kilimanjari (both either naturalized or endemic to East Africa), in addition to the introduction of the giant dodder (C. reflexa), a south Asian species, in continental Africa. These parasites have a wide host range, parasitizing species across 13 angiosperm orders. We evaluated the possibility of C. reflexa to expand this host range to tea (Camelia sinensis), coffee (Coffea arabica), and mango (Mangifera indica), crops of economic importance to Africa, for which haustorial formation and vascular-bundle connections in all three crops revealed successful parasitism. However, only mango mounted a successful postattachment resistance response. Furthermore, species distribution models predicted high habitat suitability for Cuscuta spp. across major tea- and coffee-growing regions of Eastern Africa, suggesting an imminent risk to these crops. Our findings provide relevant insights into a poorly understood threat to biodiversity and economic wellbeing in Eastern Africa, and provide critical information to guide development of management strategies to avert Cuscuta spp. spread.
Effects of physical activity on vascular function in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peçanha Tiago , Bannell Daniel J , Sieczkowska Sofia Mendes , Goodson Nicola , Roschel Hamilton , Sprung Victoria S , Low David A
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To summarize existing evidence and quantify the effects of physical activity on vascular function and structure in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).

Methods

Databases were searched (through March 2020) for clinical trials evaluating the effects of physical activity interventions on markers of micro- and macrovascular function and macrovascular structure in ARDs. Studies were combined using random effects meta-analysis, which was conducted using Hedges’ g. Meta-analyses were performed on each of the following outcomes: microvascular function [i.e. skin blood flow or vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropusside (SNP) administration]; macrovascular function [i.e. brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) or brachial responses to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN%); and macrovascular structure [i.e. aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)].

Results

Ten studies (11 trials) with a total of 355 participants were included in this review. Physical activity promoted significant improvements in microvascular [skin blood flow responses to ACh, g = 0.92 (95% CI 0.42, 1.42)] and macrovascular function [FMD%, g = 0.94 (95% CI 0.56, 1.02); GTN%, g = 0.53 (95% CI 0.09, 0.98)]. Conversely, there was no evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on macrovascular structure [PWV, g = −0.41 (95% CI −1.13, 0.32)].

Conclusions

Overall, the available clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial effect of physical activity on markers of micro- and macrovascular function but not on macrovascular structure in patients with ARDs. The broad beneficial impact of physical activity across the vasculature identified in this review support its role as an effective non-pharmacological management strategy for patients with ARDs.
Sovereign Credit Quality and Violations of the Law of One Price
Authors: Boudoukh Jacob , Brooks Jordan , Richardson Matthew , Xu Zhikai
Published: January 2021

It is well-documented that government bonds with almost identical cash flows can trade at different prices. This article analyzes the cross-section of bond spreads across developed European countries and documents a novel result. While a measure of the convenience yield of government bonds helps explain these spreads, it cannot explain the behavior of bond spreads in periods of widening credit risk. The article documents bond spreads between new and old issues tighten for low-quality sovereigns. In other words, the newer more liquid bonds become cheaper, not more expensive, relative to their older counterparts. We offer an explanation based on price pressure and provide empirical support using data on net flows of investors in sovereign bonds.
Virulence of Five Phytophthora Species Causing Rhododendron Root Rot in Oregon
Authors: Sacher Gabriel O. , Scagel Carolyn F. , Davis E. Anne , Beck Bryan R. , Weiland Jerry E.
Published: January 2021

Phytophthora root rot is a destructive disease of rhododendron that causes substantial losses of this nursery crop in infested field and container production areas. Historically, Phytophthora cinnamomi was considered the main causal agent of the disease. However, a recent survey of soilborne Phytophthora species from symptomatic rhododendrons in Oregon revealed that P. plurivora is more common than P. cinnamomi, and that several other Phytophthora species may be involved. We investigated the ability of the five most abundant species from the survey to cause root rot: P. plurivora, P. cinnamomi, P. pini, P. pseudocryptogea, and P. cambivora. Three to four isolates were selected for each species from across six Oregon nurseries. Media of containerized Rhododendron catawbiense ‘Boursault’ was infested with single isolates in a randomized complete block design in a greenhouse. Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. pini, and P. plurivora rapidly caused ≥90% of severe root rot, whereas P. pseudocryptogea caused more moderate disease (46% of severe root rot). Phytophthora cambivora failed to produce enough inoculum and was used at a lower inoculum density than the other four species; however, occasionally, it caused severe root rot (5% incidence). No differences in virulence were observed among isolates of the same species, except for one isolate of P. plurivora that caused less disease than other P. plurivora isolates. This study demonstrates that all five Phytophthora species, which were representative of 94% of the survey isolates, are capable of causing severe root rot and plant death, but that not all species are equally virulent.
Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Scalp After Radiotherapy: Genomic Study in a Case With Latency Period Over 80 Years
Authors: Cardoso José Carlos , Ribeiro Ilda Patrícia , Caramelo Francisco , Tellechea Oscar , Barbosa de Melo Joana , Marques Carreira Isabel
Published: January 2021

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been linked mostly to ultraviolet radiation exposure, but ionizing radiation has also been implicated in the genesis of a subset of BCCs occurring after radiotherapy. We present a 93-year-old woman with 4 BCCs of the scalp after radiotherapy for tinea capitis, diagnosed after a latency period of over 80 years. The largest lesion was located on the right temporal region and corresponded to a BCC of mixed type, with nodular, infiltrative, and micronodular components. We performed genomic study with array comparative genomic hybridization in samples from each BCC, which revealed more imbalances in the largest lesion than in the remaining ones, correlating with its higher histological complexity. Furthermore, this was the only lesion presenting loss at 2p22.3, where is mapped the BIRC6 gene associated with regulation of apoptosis, and loss at 16q24.3, where is mapped FANCA gene, responsible for DNA repair and maintenance of chromosome stability. Despite these differences, there were aberrations shared by all tumor samples, suggesting a common genetic signature. Our report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the longest latency period between exposure to radiotherapy and the diagnosis of BCC. The genomic study showed imbalances common to all tumor samples but also differences that could explain their heterogeneity in terms of histological subtype and biological potential. In addition, these differences could also be a consequence of different times in the evolution of the lesions at the moment of presentation, thus having a diverse combination of accumulated genomic imbalances.
Correlation Between Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Leukemia During Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Rongrong , Yao Wenying , Chan Yuying , Shen Min , Wang Xin , Wen Fang , Yang Qi
Published: January 2021

Background

Children with acute leukemia experience various distressing symptoms due to the disease and its treatment during chemotherapy. These symptoms cluster together and have negative impacts on patient outcomes.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine symptom clusters that children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy are experiencing and the impact of these symptom clusters on their quality of life.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 Chinese children with acute leukemia who were undergoing chemotherapy were invited to participate in the study. Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10–18 and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory General Core Module version 4.0 were applied. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were used to identify symptom clusters and their influence on the quality of life.

Results

Six symptom clusters were identified as gastrointestinal, emotional, neurological, skin mucosal, self-image disorder, and somatic cluster. The severity of each symptom cluster was negatively correlated with quality of life. Among them, gastrointestinal, emotional, and somatic clusters were significant predictors of quality of life.

Conclusions

There are multiple symptom clusters in children with acute leukemia, which seriously affect children's quality of life. To relieve symptom burden and improve quality of life, nursing and medical staff should pay attention to the symptom management and control in a symptom cluster perspective.

Implications for Practice

The results of this study will provide suggestions for the healthcare provider to plan for these symptoms and manage any concurrent symptoms for the successful promotion of children's quality of life.
The Estimated Lifetime Medical Cost of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis in the United States, 2018
Authors: Kumar Sagar , Chesson Harrell W. , Spicknall Ian H. , Kreisel Kristen M. , Gift Thomas L.
Published: January 2021

Background

The purpose of this study was to provide updated estimates of the average lifetime medical cost per infection for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis.

Methods

We adapted a published decision tree model that allowed for 7 possible outcomes of infection: (1) symptomatic infection, treated, no sequelae; (2) symptomatic infection, not treated, sequelae; (3) symptomatic infection, not treated, no sequelae; (4) asymptomatic infection, treated, sequelae; (5) asymptomatic infection, treated, no sequelae; (6) asymptomatic infection, not treated, sequelae; and (7) asymptomatic infection, not treated, no sequelae. The base case values and ranges we applied for the model inputs (i.e., the probability and cost assumptions) were based on published studies.

Results

The estimated lifetime medical costs per infection for men and women, respectively, were $46 (95% credibility interval, $32–$62) and $262 ($127–$483) for chlamydia, $78 ($36–$145) and $254 ($96–$518) for gonorrhea, and $5 ($1–$14) and $36 ($17–$58) for trichomoniasis. Cost estimates for men were most sensitive to assumptions regarding the probability that the infection is symptomatic, the probability of treatment if asymptomatic, and the cost of treatment of infection. Cost estimates for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women were most sensitive to assumptions regarding the probability and cost of subsequent pelvic inflammatory disease.

Conclusions

These estimates of the lifetime medical cost per infection can inform updated estimates of the total annual cost of sexually transmitted infections in the United States, as well as analyses of the value and cost-effectiveness of sexually transmitted infection prevention interventions.
Delayed Bleeding of Sphenopalatine Artery as a Complication in Le Fort I Osteotomy
Authors: Alister Herdener Juan Pablo , Uribe Francisca , Barreda Mauricio , Olate Sergio , Fariña Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Rates of severe complications in orthognathic surgery are low, but when they occur they can be fatal. This article reports a case of laceration of the junction of the posterior lateral nasal artery and the sphenopalatine artery, resulting in severe delayed bleeding. Patient undergoes a multiple segment Le Fort I osteotomy with no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications. On the fourth postoperative day, he presents with epistaxis and intractable postnasal discharge, is admitted to emergency with signs of shock, and bleeding is detected endoscopically originating from the right sphenopalatine artery, which is treated with diathermocoagulation. The advantage of endoscopy in difficult areas is that bleeding complications can be solved with low morbidity.
Skeletal and Dental Habilitation of Residual Alveolar and Maxillary Clefts
Authors: Morris David E. , Patel Pravin K. , Warshawsky Neil M. , Reisberg David J. , Cohen Mimis N.
Published: January 2021

Management of residual clefts of the alveolus and maxilla requires the coordinated effort of multiple members of the craniofacial team including surgeon, orthodontist, and when teeth are hypoplastic or absent, the prosthodontist to achieve complete habilitation. Such cooperation among specialists begins early in the patient's life and continues through completion of care.

Although numerous publications on this topic exist, few present definitive multidisciplinary reconstructive outcomes with longterm results. In this review paper, the authors present our comprehensive, multidisciplinary protocols, experience, and techniques as they have evolved with over 35 years of practice at our Craniofacial Center.

Details of our updated protocols for each intervention and procedure, including our current thoughts on appropriate timing, follow up and advantages from the incorporation of current technologies are discussed. Close cooperation among specialists at all stages of care, the use of evolving technology, and adherence to, and modification where indicated, of time honored team protocols enables us to consistently achieve successful functional and esthetic outcomes, while minimizing complications.
Croceicoccus bisphenolivorans sp. nov., a bisphenol A-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Hu Anyi , Lv Min , Yu Chang-Ping
Published: January 2021

A bisphenol A-degrading bacterium, designated as strain H4T, was isolated from surface seawater, which was sampled from the Jiulong River estuary in southeast PR China. Strain H4T is Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, lacking bacteriochlorophyll a, motile with multifibrillar stalklike fascicle structures and capable of degrading bisphenol A. Growth of strain H4T was observed at 24–45 °C (optimum, 32 °C), at pH 5.5–9 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 0–7 % NaCl (optimum, 2 %; w/v) . The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain H4T showed highest similarity to

Croceicoccus pelagius

Ery9T (98.7 %),

Croceicoccus sediminis

(98.3 %),

Croceicoccus naphthovorans

PQ-2T (98.1 %) and

Croceicoccus ponticola

GM-16T (97.6 %), followed by

Croceicoccus marinus

E4A9T (96.7 %) and

Croceicoccus mobilis

Ery22T (96.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain H4T fell within a clade comprising the type strains of

Croceicoccus

species and formed a phyletic line with them that was distinct from other members of the family

Erythrobacteraceae

. The sole respiratory quinone was quinone 10 (Q-10). The predominant fatty acids (>5 % of the total fatty acids) of strain H4T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω6c and/or C18 : 1
 ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω6c and/or C16 : 1
 ω7c), C17 : 1
 ω6c and C14 : 02-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. In the polar lipid profile, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, two sphingoglycolipids and three unknown lipids were the major compounds. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain H4T represents a novel species of the genus

Croceicoccus

, for which the name Croceicoccus bisphenolivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H4T (=DSM 102182T=MCCC1 K02301T).
Culture and understanding the role of feedback for health professions students: Realist synthesis protocol
Authors: Fullerton Paul , Sarkar Mahbub , Haque Shamsul , McKenzie Wendy
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Clinical education has moved to a “competency-based” model with an emphasis on workplace-based learning and assessment which, in turn, depends on feedback to be effective. Further, the understanding of feedback has changed from information about a performance directed to the learner performing the task, to a dialogue, which enables the learner to act and develop.

In health professional education, feedback is a complex interaction between trainee, supervisor, and the healthcare system. Most published research on feedback in health professional education originates in Europe and North America. Our interest is on the impact of Culture on this process, particularly in the context of Asian cultures.

The (scientific) realist approach of Pawson and Tilley provides a means to examine complex interventions in social situations, and thus is an appropriate lens to use for this study. This is a protocol for a realist synthesis which asks how, why and in what circumstances do Asian Cultures influence health professional trainees to seek, respond to and use feedback given in the clinical environment, if at all.

Methods and analysis

An initial search was performed to help define the scope of the review question and develop our initial program theory. The formal electronic search was carried out in February 2020 and included: CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo, and repeated in October 2020.

Retrieved articles were imported into Covidence for screening and data extraction, after which components of the Context – Mechanisms – Outcomes configurations will be sought to refine the initial program theory.

Ethics and Dissemination

As this study is a literature review, ethics approval is not required.

The findings will be documented in line with the RAMESES publications standards for Realist syntheses,[41] and we plan to disseminate the findings by means of a peer-reviewed journal article and conference presentation(s).

Strengths and limitations of this study

The synthesis aims to identify the how and why Asian Cultures may influence feedback seeking and provision to health professional trainees, if at all.

To our knowledge, there are few studies of feedback seeking and provision to health professional trainees in Asia.

A Realist approach has the potential to help explain the complex nature of Culture’s impact on feedback.

Only studies published in the English language will be included, so transferability of our findings to non-English speaking environments may be lacking.

In addition to formal literature database searches, we will need to conduct citation mining to locate other relevant resources.
Crystal structure of bis{2-hydroxy-N′-[1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]benzohydrazidato}cadmium(II)
Authors: Yang Ping , Xie Xiao-Bao , Shi Qing-Shan
Published: January 2021

In the title complex molecule, [Cd(C13H11N4O2)2], the Cd atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by two tridentate ligands synthesized from 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and 1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethan-1-one. The molecule has twofold crystallographic symmetry and is isomorphous to its Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn counterparts.
Glasgow Prognostic Score predicts chemotherapy‐triggered acute exacerbation‐interstitial lung disease in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kikuchi Ryota , Takoi Hiroyuki , Tsuji Takao , Nagatomo Yoko , Tanaka Akane , Kinoshita Hayato , Ono Mariko , Ishiwari Mayuko , Toriyama Kazutoshi , Kono Yuta , Togashi Yuki , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro , Yoshimura Akinobu , Abe Shinji
Published: January 2021

Background

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) worsens the prognosis for overall survival (OS) due to chemotherapy‐triggered acute exacerbation (AE)‐ILD. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), which is based on serum C‐reactive protein and albumin levels, has been suggested as a reliable prognostic tool for mortality in cancer patients, including NSCLC. In this study, we investigated whether GPS is a predictor for chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and the prognosis in patients with NSCLC and pre‐existing ILD.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review on 56 NSCLC and ILD patients at our hospital who received platinum agent‐based treatment as first‐line chemotherapy between June 2010 and May 2019. We categorized these patients according to their GPS (0–2) and compared the incidence of chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS.

Results

The GPS 0, 1, and 2 groups included 31, 16, and nine patients, respectively, out of 56. A total of 12 (21.4%) patients showed chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD. The median OS was at 11.5 months (95% confidence interval: 8.0–15.1). The incidence of chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD within the first year of chemotherapy in the GPS 0, 1, and 2 groups was three (9.6%), four (25.0%), and five (55.5%), and the median OS time was 16.9, 9.8 and 7.6 months, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that only GPS 2 could predict both chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

GPS assessment of patients with NSCLC and pre‐existing ILD is a valuable prognostic tool for predicting chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and OS.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

We found that GPS 2 was an independent risk factor for chemotherapy‐triggered AE‐ILD and prognosis in patients with ILD associated with NSCLC.

What this study adds

GPS may potentially enable the discrimination of patients tolerant of chemotherapy from those at an increased risk of AE‐ILD and predict the prognosis in patients with NSCLC and ILD receiving chemotherapy.
The association between home ownership and the health of older men: Cross‐sectional analysis of the Australian Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Khalatbari‐Soltani Saman , Cumming Robert G. , Chomik Rafal , Blyth Fiona M. , Naganathan Vasi , Handelsman David J. , Le Couteur David G. , Waite Louise M. , Stanaway Fiona
Published: January 2021

Objective

To investigate the association between home ownership and health in older men.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of 909 community‐dwelling Australian men (mean age: 81.3 ± 4.6) from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP, 2012‐2013). We considered self‐rated health, frailty status, multimorbidity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms which identify different dimensions of health.

Results

Most participants were owner‐occupiers (89.7%). In age‐ and country of birth–adjusted analyses, not being an owner‐occupier was associated with an increased likelihood of depressive symptoms [prevalence ratio: 1.82, 95% confidence intervals 1.17 to 2.84]. There were no associations between home ownership and other health conditions.

Conclusion

Lack of home ownership was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, largely explained by poorer social support. Thus, targeting mental health programs at older divorced or separated men who do not own their own home could be an appropriate community‐based intervention.