bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"I Track my Cycle Religiously": Representations of Fertility Tracking and Childlessness in Contemporary Graphic Memoirs
Authors: Marx Dorothee
Published: October 2020

Other than tracking calorie intake, steps or heart rate, the female body can also be quantified in terms of the menstrual cycle and fertility. App creators have realized this potential (and market value) and offer a variety of apps, such as Glow, Flo Period Calendar or Eve, to track menstruation, often including the possibility to log the severity of bleeding and additional symptoms such as cramps, nausea or mood swings, and when one has had sex. Many of these apps offer the tracking of body temperature, birth control (with a pill reminder) and can predict the user's ovulation window. Therefore, these apps can be and are used to prevent pregnancy or to help with conception. Other apps are even more directly marketed to help with conception, with some offering the ability to connect to other smart devices, such as apple watch (Clue) or a thermometer (Kindara, 129$ for the thermometer). What, then, are the implications of this tracking of the female body? On which assumptions about the able-bodied, cis-gender female body are these apps based? How does this influence women who are trying to get pregnant? What expectations of the female body do these apps create? Do they cause women to view their bodies differently? Does the constant tracking improve body awareness or does it create additional stress or feelings of guilt? In my paper I analyze the presentation of a selection of these tracking apps marketed at the female body and connect them to the depiction of forms of fertility tracking and childlessness in two contemporary graphic memoirs, namely Good Eggs by Phoebe Potts (2010) and Broken Eggs (2014), a webcomic by Emily Steinberg. This comparison offers the possibility to question in how far cultural representations of the female body, in this case in multi-modal narratives, are related to current practices of self-quantification and the image of the docile body that these practices create.
Das Problem mit der Zeit
Authors: Tamoudi Nejma
Published: October 2020

Nejma Tamoudi widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Zeitlichkeitsphänomen sowie dessen fehlender Berücksichtigung innerhalb der Debatte um die Repräsentation nachfolgender Generationen. Mit Verweis auf verschiedene zeit- und gesellschaftskritische Ansätze beleuchtet sie kurz das Verhältnis von (i) Zeitlichkeit und Politischem, um anschließend die aus (ii) ontologischer und epistemischer Perspektive unabweisbare Gegenwartsgebundenheit eines jeden Zukunftsbezugs zu skizzieren. Dabei erweist sich eine jede Einbindung und Repräsentation künftiger Interessen in (iii) normativer Hinsicht schlussendlich als an die Bereitstellung öffentlich-pluraler sowie utopischer Diskursräume gebunden. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, auf die verschiedenen gestalterischen Potentiale unseres Zukunftsbezugs hinzuweisen, welche die Gegenwart mit Verweis auf deren unterliegende Zeitpraktiken und angesichts nachfolgender Generationen zu politisieren vermögen.
Bildung als gesellschaftskritische Praxis
Authors: Faets Simon
Published: October 2020

Simon Faets beschäftigt sich in seinem Beitrag mit dem politischen Bildungsbegriff Antonio Gramscis und dessen Relevanz für die Frage nach demokratischen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten zukünftiger Generationen. Im Ausgang einer Rekonstruktion von Gramscis Theorie kultureller Hegemonie wird dessen Bildungsverständnis zunächst in seinen intergenerationellen Implikationen und gesellschaftskritischen Potenzialen erarbeitet. Darauf aufbauend wird Gramscis politisiertes Konzept der Bildung auf die Debatte der demokratischen Beteiligung zukünftiger Generationen bezogen und in den hierfür entscheidenden Dimensionen der Kritik und des Widerstands stark gemacht. Auf der Basis dieser bildungsphilosophischen Perspektive wird der oftmals rein demokratietheoretisch geführte Diskurs um die Repräsentation zukünftiger Generationen abschließend in einen umfassenderen gesellschaftstheoretischen Rahmen eingeordnet und von hier aus neu akzentuiert.
Der Mensch als Keimträger
Authors: Schulz-Nieswandt Frank
Published: October 2020

In Wohneinrichtungen der Langzeitpflege herrschen mitunter deutlich überzogene Hygienestandards. Diese Regulationskultur verweist auf neurotisch verstiegene Hygieneängste und transformiert ein normales Wohnen im Heim zur klinischen Welt des Akutkrankenhauses, in dem die Gefahr vom alten Menschen als Keimträger ausgeht. Frank Schulz-Nieswandt diskutiert kritisch ordnungsrechtliche Überregulationen und (Ent-)Normalisierungen des Wohnens als Rückfall in die Logik totaler Institutionen. Im Zentrum steht dabei ein kulturwissenschaftlicher Blick auf soziale Praktiken, die tiefenpsychologisch Rekurs auf religions- und kulturgeschichtlich archaische Formen der Hygieneangst und des Dämonenabwehrzaubers nehmen.
The Local Museum in the Global Village
Authors: Müller Insa
Published: October 2020

In remote areas of Europe, local history museums struggle to connect with the rapidly changing and increasingly diverse communities around them. Insa Müller asks how these museums can recast themselves to strengthen the links to their communities. Combining theoretical deliberations, empirical investigations of the case of two Norwegian islands and a museum experiment, she offers starting points for rethinking the local history museum, while at the same time providing suggestions for locally adapted museum practice.
Erfahrungswelten
Authors: Franke Julian
Published: October 2020

In unserer Wahrnehmung der Stadt verschmelzen die unterschiedlichsten Fantasien und Wünsche, Bewusstes und Unbewusstes, Projektionen und Retentionen immer wieder kaleidoskopartig zu je neuen Konstellationen. Die Wahrnehmenden müssen als Gestaltende ihrer Wirklichkeit betrachtet werden, welche über das sinnlich Wahrnehmbare hinausgeht. Julian Franke stellt dazu heraus, dass Architekturerfahrung aus vielfältigen Imaginationswelten besteht, bei deren Beschreibung sich auch die Trennungen zwischen den traditionellen Wissensgebieten der Semiotik, Phänomenologie und Anthropologie neu vernetzen. Architektur wird damit zum Wahrnehmungs- und Theorielabor.
Klima, Corona und das Christentum
Authors: Gärtner Claudia
Published: October 2020

Die Corona- und Klimakrise zeigen, dass sich globale Krisen nicht mehr auf Bereiche wie Gesundheit, Ökologie, Wirtschaft oder Soziales begrenzen lassen. Wie diese multiple Krise bewältigt werden kann, ist gänzlich offen. Religiöse Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung befähigt Heranwachsende, kompetent mit der offenen und prekären Zukunft der Welt umzugehen. Das Christentum kann dazu Traditionen nachhaltigen Lebens und Visionen für eine gerechte, lebenswerte Zukunft aller Menschen bereitstellen. Hieraus entwirft Claudia Gärtner - im interdisziplinären Gespräch mit Politischer Theologie und kritischen Bildungstheorien - Leitlinien und praktische Bausteine für eine politische religiöse Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung.
Territorialidades e lutas sociais na Amazônia oriental
Authors: Santos Luciano Laurindo dos , Cury Mauro José Ferreira , Silva Ricardo Gilson da Costa
Published: October 2020

Se há uma região onde os conflitos agrários e territoriais aparecem como particularidade, certamente o Bico do Papagaio, localizada na Amazônica brasileira, destaca-se nessa triste história de lutas por terra e território. Esse texto analisa as territorialidades campesinas, a partir das narrativas dos sujeitos sociais, recorrendo à memória como parte do vivido territorial, resultado das ações de homens e mulheres que dedicaram parte de suas vidas ao que deveria ser um bem comum a todos, um pedaço de terra.
Field Programmable Gate Array based Readout for Surface Acoustic Wave Portable Gas Detector
Authors: Durani Fahim , Mainuddin Mainuddin , Mittal Upendra , Kumar Jitender , Barlewar Devendra , Nimal A. T.
Published: October 2020

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) is one of the most promising technology in the field of gas sensing at low concentrations. Field deployable portable SAW detectors are, however, prone to noise, there by limiting the detection at low concentrations. To meet the current requirements of gas detection at low concentrations, the readout methodology needs to be based on minimal hardware and better noise management. In this paper we describe a readout scheme for portable SAW gas detectors incorporating a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The developed readout system includes a modified reciprocal frequency counter for differential SAW sensor, median noise filtering and moving averages smoothing for noise management, peak detection and interfacing with external display, all implemented in FPGA. The developed readout was tested against VOCs using a lab developed vapour generator and the results have been presented in the paper. The readout system is compact, low power consuming and expandable through software thus ideal for portable handheld applications.
Electrochemical Biosensors for Point of care Applications
Authors: Karunakaran Chandran , Karthikeyan Murugesan , Kumar Marimuthu Dhinesh , Kaniraja Ganesan , Bhargava Kalpana
Published: October 2020

Biosensor refers to powerful and innovative analytical tool involving biological sensing element and transducer with broad range of applications, such as diagnosis, drug discovery, biomedicine, food safety and processing, environmental monitoring, security and defense. Recent advances in the field of biotechnology, microelectronics, and nanotechnology have improved the development of biosensors. Glucometers utilizing the electrochemical determination of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide employing immobilised glucose oxidase electrode seeded the discovery and development of biosensors. Molecular recognition based on geometry and forces of interaction play an important role in the biosensor development. The advent of nanotechnology led to highly efficient and sensitive biosensors. They also provide an effective immobilisation matrix for the various bioreceptors. Enzymatic and their mimetic (metalloporphyrin)-based biosensors for reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and cytochrome c will also be discussed. The role of antibodies and their applications in immunosensors development for cytochrome c and superoxide dismutase will be highlighted. The electrochemical biosensors are less expensive, miniaturised and used for point-of-care applications. Further, the fabrication of labVIEW based virtual biosensor instrumentation and microcontroller based portable biosensor for wide variety of applications also devices will be presented.
China 2020: An Introduction
Authors: Foster John Bellamy
Published: October 2020

In the twenty-first century, all signs are pointing to another period of hegemonic struggle over the world economy, this time between the United States and China, although complicated in this case by the unique, indeterminate aspects of the post-revolutionary Chinese social formation, which is neither entirely capitalist nor entirely socialist.
Application of 3D Reality Technology Combined with CAD in Animation Modeling Design
Authors: Jing Yang , Song Yang
Published: October 2020

Computer three-dimensional animation is a new type of animation with the development of computer software and hardware technology in recent years. Three-dimensional animation should apply the software of three-dimensional animation technology to establish a virtual world in the computer. In this virtual three-dimensional world, designers build animated character models and scene models according to the shape and scale of the objects to be represented. Then set the motion trajectory of the character model, the motion of the virtual camera and other animation parameters according to the requirements, and then assign specific materials to the model and add lights to the model. Then the computer can automatically calculate and generate the final continuous picture. Under this background, the research on 3D animation character shaping in this paper is to analyze and study the market situation from the standpoint of small-scale 3D animation companies (teams) with relatively weak technology, and through the author's own creative practice, this paper summarizes some principles for the design and production of 3D animation characters, and tries to improve the education system of 3D animation character design. It promotes the production and dissemination of 3D animation and distinct 3D animation characters. Starting with the comparative research method, this paper summarizes the differences of 3D animation character shaping from the comparison of the characteristics of 3D animation and traditional animation, and then summarizes the efficient ways and methods of how to shape 3D animation characters by combining practice with theory.
Dramatyczne przestrzenie Andrzeja Wajdy
Authors: Krajewska Anna
Published: October 2020

This editorial is an impressionistic work on Andrzej Wajda’s output, predominantly emphasising its dramatic nature. The text presents the uniqueness of Andrzej Wajda’s creative work in such diverse forms of art as if they were one – his painting metamorphosed into film, drawing into screenplay, urban space into a theatre stage. Wajda is seen here not only as a director, but also as a contemporary dramatist, who creates the dramatic space of history’s traps, who dramatises the fate of the individual, and who interprets the drama of the philosophical stage.
Posągi jako źródła nowej epistemologii (przypadek Michela Serresa)
Authors: Trzeciak Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The article attempts to read the metaphor of the statue in Michel Serres’ philosophical discourse. Sculpture understood in the broad sense, as Serres proposes in Statues: The Second Book of Foundations, enables him to trace a whole array of concepts in western thought, and to make the statue itself a model of new cognition, extending beyond binary oppositions and open to unpredictability and a lack of continuity. For Serres a statue also offers the possibility to cross the boundaries of science and the humanities, and consequently to become, at the same time, both a critical and utopian figure.
Poezja i zmysły. Antyczny topos wody i wina jako teoria iudicium litterarium w twórczości Jana Kochanowskiego
Authors: Bedyniak Jarosław
Published: October 2020

The text refers to the ancient topos of the debate on drinking water and wine, which is present in Jan Kochanowski’s poetry. The ancient idea of bacchanalian drink and water from the holy spring were seen as the root of the act of creation. Ever since this motif took its final shape in the works of the Anthology poets, it has been used by artists as a pretext for self-referential reflections, as well as for technical musings on sources of inspiration. The classical thread takes on special significance in Kochanowski’s work, because the poet uses it to articulate his own concept of poetic inspiration (enthusiasm), and also because he formulates aesthetic judgment (iudicium) on the criteria for evaluating literature.
Gatunki filozoficzne
Authors: Lîiceanu Gabriel
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to various philosophical genres, such as the treatise, essay, fragment, tale, letter, and dialogue. These are not treated as comfrotable and transparent means by which to express philosophical thought: on the contrary, they are closely related to the form through which such thoughts are expressed. The author does not limit himself to describing these written forms of philosophy, but confronts two fundamental types of thought, which are expressed in two distinct types of writing. One of these is “priestly”: authoritative, systemic, based on monologue, on a single, self-confident subject, while the other is “ecumenical” thought: based no dialogue, rooted in the here and now, closer to the fragment. The former type is artificial thought, aware of the temptations of totalitarianism or “thought imperialism”; the latter, on the other hand, is based on a living and natural train of thought. Systemic thought finds expression in a writing style whose aim is clear from the outset, where the act of writing is merely a conduit for absolute meanings; by contrast, dialogue thought treats writing as an adventure, as a road without a previously defined goal.
Terencjusz według Ewy Skwary
Authors: Kocur Mirosław
Published: October 2020

Review of an outstanding monograph on Terence and his comedies by Ewa Skwara, the finest Polish scholar of early Latin and ancient Roman theatre.
Zamiast Szymborskiej? Krystyna Miłobędzka i źródła współczesnej ekopoezji w Polsce
Authors: Skurtys Jakub
Published: October 2020

The paper deals with the topic of ecologically oriented poetry of Krystyna Miłobędzka as a vital tradition for 21st-century Polish ecopoets. The author tries to trace the changes in the poetic canon after 1990 and shows the increasing interest in Miłobędzka’s poetry among modern poets. By analyzing mainly meta-poetic texts, the paper contrasts Miłobędzka’s posthumanistic, “event-driven” way of writing with the humanistic lyrical subject of Wisława Szymborska’s poetry. The author presents the former as more influential and more productive for modern, ecopoetic styles, including elements such as: waking the awareness, organic perspective of language, an egalitarian way of life and thinking about relations in categories of space and adhesion rather than domination.
„Sprawy korzenne”. Fenomenologia Zuzanny Ginczanki
Authors: Wojda Dorota
Published: October 2020

The paper concerns Zuzanna Ginczanka’s floristic signatures (trees, flowers and fruits), which are used by the poet to construct literary tropes. It shows how, by means of these signatures, the following oppositions are introduced: life/death, surface/depth, outside/inside, form/substance, phenomenon/essence. The crux of the argument is that in Ginczanka’s poetry there is a conflict concerning the value of phenomenology, i.e. what is really important: the phenomena (trees, flowers, fruits) or the hidden essences („the Questions of Root”)? I go on to argue that the poet’s thinking corresponds to Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, in which the subject’s experience is considered to be related to his life environment and the philosophy of the body is identified with the phenomenology of perception. Emphasizing „the Questions of Root” in the very title of the paper indicates what is most problematic for Ginczanka and, at the same time, what determines her recognition of poetry as an expression of unattainable desires.
Spór o interpretację w literaturoznawstwie – nie taki radykalny, jak go malują
Authors: Tarkowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

This review of Tomasz Szymon Markiewka’s book, entitled Interpretation Argument in Literary Studies. Analysis of Selected Theoretical Conceptions of 20th Century, focuses on reconstruction of its main theses, as well as on evaluate their methodological aspects. The first part deals with theoretical issues, mainly of terminological decisions and relation between the literature studies and philosophy. Next, article assesses the pros and cons of the main part of the book, which contains analysis of five selected theorists’ ideas of interpretation. The final part of the review raises the issue of the method of interpretation literary texts.
Tekst infirmeryjny albo topografia doświadczenia medycznego
Authors: Boruszkowska Iwona
Published: October 2020

The article is a theoretical proposition for a new research category applied to descriptions of diseases within cultural texts. The author proposes a category tying together spatiality and disease, hence the concept of infirmary, which testifies to the complex relationships between space and the experience of illness, or more generally, medical experience, or between the place and the existence of a diseased person, the topography of medical experience. The word „infirmary” will at first glance evoke images of sickbay, i.e. the place for individuals suffering from a medical condition, where they are provided with treatment, and the locus of norm-transgression (that is to say, the norms of the sane society), as well as of stigmatization practices concerning the individual transgressors or deviants, and also of whatever actions are performed on those very individuals (for example, at the hands of doctors or medical personnel). In a nutshell, the concept will evoke all the forms of experience connected with health, disease, treatment practice (both in terms of those providing treatment and those being treated). The infirmary text will be a concept bringing together the narratives of a specific medical experience and the place/space, merging the discourse of disease (but also of health) with a spatial perspective. When speaking of infirmary text, we enter a very broad and multidimensional area situated between literature and medicine. An infirmary text is not limited to all spatial narratives concerning medical experiences, but also touches on extreme emotional experience (the power of affect), the diseases of soma and psyche, the medical institutions and the professional and social roles within their premises, the histories of diseases (especially in the form of autobiographical narratives), affective constructs in which emotions carry the role of „playing the part” of the world and constituting identities.
Wprowadzenie
Authors: Churski Paweł
Published: October 2020

wprowadzenie
Gospodarczy wymiar globalizacji
Authors: Herodowicz Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Globalizacja jest pierwszym w dziejach ludzkości procesem społeczno-gospodarczym, którego oddziaływanie wpływa, w mniejszym lub większym stopniu, na dane państwo, region, podmiot gospodarczy czy wreszcie na życie pojedynczego człowieka. Globalizacja jest procesem niezwykle złożonym, mającym wiele wymiarów, wśród których na szczególną uwagę zasługuje wymiar gospodarczy, determinujący w dużym stopniu pozostałe płaszczyzny globalizacji. W artykule określono zasadnicze przejawy oddziaływania globalizacji w wymiarze gospodarczym obejmujące: handel międzynarodowy, bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, rozwój sfery usługowej, finansyzację gospodarki oraz innowacyjność. Ponadto dokonano empirycznej identyfikacji światowego zróżnicowania i dynamiki zmian związanych ze wskazanymi przejawami.
Zróżnicowanie regionalne produktu krajowego brutto w postsocjalistycznych państwach członkowskich UE w latach 2000–2014
Authors: Perdał Robert
Published: October 2020

Celem pracy jest analiza regionalnego zróżnicowania nowych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej, które do przełomu lat 80. i 90. XX w. funkcjonowały w socjalistycznym systemie polityczno-gospodarczym. Postępowanie badawcze przeprowadzono w oparciu o analizę zmian poziomu produktu krajowego brutto (PKB) w układzie jednostek statystycznych NUTS3. Praca składa się z trzech zasadniczych części o charakterze empirycznym. W pierwszej części jako wprowadzenie i tło zasadniczych analiz przedstawiono dynamikę zmian PKB per capita w postsocjalistycznych państwach członkowskich UE w latach 2000–2016. W drugiej części zaprezentowano zróżnicowanie regionalne poziomu PKB per capita (mierzonego standardem siły nabywczej) i dynamiki jego zmian w latach 2000–2014. W trzeciej części, na podstawie metody ilorazu potencjałów (potencjału gospodarczego i potencjału ludności), zidentyfikowano środkowoeuropejskie układy rdzeń–peryferie postsocjalistycznych państw członkowskich UE. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz wykazano, że wszystkie badane państwa i regiony charakteryzował wzrost gospodarczy, który silnie różnicował się przestrzennie w obrębie poszczególnych państw. Największy wzrost gospodarczy odnotowywały we wszystkich badanych państwach regiony stołeczne (głównie rdzenie), a najniższy regiony położone peryferyjnie względem nich. Wyraźnie zarysowanymi centrami wzrostu (biegunami rozwoju) w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej są regiony stołeczne Bratysławy, Budapesztu, Bukaresztu, Lublany, Pragi, Tallina i Warszawy. Regiony stołeczne cechują się wysoką atrakcyjnością dla mieszkańców i przedsiębiorców z powodu wysokiej koncentracji różnych działalności społeczno-gospodarczych (istotne w tym zakresie są bliskość i jakość rynku pracy, usług, producentów) oraz wysokiej dostępności czasowej i przestrzennej z innych obszarów kraju, a więc w konsekwencji z powodu bardzo dużych korzyści aglomeracji i lokalizacji.
Sacrum – profanum. Dwa żywoty misy mosiężnej z Santoka
Authors: Janowski Andrzej , Zamelska-Monczak Kinga
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of interpretation of a part of a brass bowl unearthed in 1958 in the course of millennial excavations in Santok. An engraved ornament is visible on one of the surfaces of the sheet, the most important part of which is an outline of a bust with a head in a hat shown in profile. Three Latin characters allow to identify the image as a personification of Envy (Invidia), while the sheet itself is a fragmented, so called brass bowl representing deadly sins. The vessel were forged in Rhineland and might have been originally used for liturgical ceremonies in St. Andrew’s church and its fragmented part was uncovered in the context of a smithy as a recycled material.
Osadnictwo obcoplemienne i obcoetniczne w okolicach Opatowa i Sandomierza we wcześniejszym średniowieczu w świetle źródeł archeologicznych i toponomastycznych
Authors: Florek Marek
Published: October 2020

By the end of the 10th century, the area of Opatów and Sandomierz was probably inhabited by a small tribe whose name has not been recorded in written sources. The establishment of a gord in Zawichost Podgórze before the end of the 9th century coupled with the emergence of a local cluster of pyre kurgan grave fields may be evidence of the arrival of new settlers from an area east of the Vistula. Inclusion of the Sandomierz area into the domain of the Wielkopolska Polans in the late 10th century resulted in disappearance of the existing tribal settlement structures which were replaced by new ones. This was related to the arrival to this area of individuals and groups representing the new Piast dynasty rule who came from other parts of the country or even from abroad. They included warriors from the ducal team, craftsmen, merchants as well as settlers relocated voluntarily or by force, possibly captives. As they represented different cultural traditions, their appearance has been well documented in archaeological sources. It also seems to be confirmed in toponymy. On top of the biggest number of Wielkopolska newcomers from the heart of the Piast dynasty domain, in the vicinity of Sandomierz and Opatów there could have also operated merchants related to the broadly defined Scandinavian and Russian culture as well as nomadic tribes, most probably Hungarians. The latter could have arrived as warriors, members of the ducal team, merchants or captives.
Z badań nad obecnością skandynawów na południowym wybrzeżu Bałtyku w początkach średniowiecza
Authors: Jöns Hauke , Kowalska Anna B.
Published: October 2020

Interdisciplinary research into Scandinavian presence in the Slavic domain at the southern shore of the Baltic in the early Middle Ages has provided new data conducive to reconstruction of the natural and cultural landscapes.
AZJATYCKI PRZEŁOM W POZNAŃSKIEJ NEOFILOLOGII ZE SZCZEGÓLNYM UWZGLĘDNIENIEM SINOLOGII
Authors: Bańczerowski Jerzy
Published: October 2020

The initial events accompanying the foundation of sinology at the Adam Mickiewicz University (AMU) in Poznań are called to mind against the background of the Asiatic context. The appearance of east Asian studies at AMU, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean studies, was a necessary academic enterprise serving the intercultural development of the Faculty of Modern Languages and Literature. In this respect, these studies made this faculty comparable with the corresponding faculties at other universities in Poland. The role of the Institute of Linguistics in this philological breakthrough has been emphasized, and certain personal experiences of the author have been recollected. The proposal concerning the establishment of the Faculty of Asian and African Studiesat AMU has been briefly justified.
GIN W BUTELCE LEJDEJSKIEJ. NIDERLANDZKIE POŻYCZKI JĘZYKOWE W POLSZCZYŹNIE I ICH POLA SEMANTYCZNE
Authors: Kowalska-Szubert Agata
Published: October 2020

The goal of this paper is to familiarize Polish readers with the Dutch borrowings functioning in modern Polish as well as the semantic fields which those borrowings belong to. Moreover, the authorasks the question of whether the criteria of classifying the origin of foreign lexemes applied by Polish lexicographers are clear, consistent and whether those criteria encompass all possible options.
KSZTAŁTOWANIE KOMPETENCJI KOMUNIKACYJNYCH NA POZIOMIE AKADEMICKIM. ARS BENE DICENDI NA PRZYKŁADZIE MOWY OSKARŻYCIELSKIEJ HIPOLITA KIRYŁOWICZA Z POWIEŚCI „BRACIA KARAMAZOW” FIODORA DOSTOJEWSKIEGO
Authors: Krawczak Marcin , Urbaniak Artur
Published: October 2020

The paper proposes the employment of exemplary rhetorical tropes and figures present in literary works for further development of presentation skills in tertiary education students through strengthening their communicative competence. It reflects on rhetorical devices (both semantic and syntactic) and figurative language based on Dostoevsky’s Karamazov Brothers to be later-on used in a contemporary business context to a make any public presentation less of a bore. It strongly promotes and hopefully envisions the great comeback of long-forgotten rhetorical studies that should be reintroduced in HEI agendas in the form of Interpersonal Communication and Public Presentation courses.
AUCH GEHÖRLOSE LERNER KÖNNEN FREMDSPRACHEN LERNEN
Authors: Skowronek Barbara
Published: October 2020

How do the deaf people learn to communicate? Can the deaf people learn the phonic language (sound language, germ. lautsprachlich kommunizieren); can they learn foreign languages? What conditions should be met for this? What support should they expect from the family, from teachers, from hearing people? The answer to this will be a description of Sarah Neef’s learning the sound language.
INTRA MUROS. ZUR GESCHICHTE DES (ERZWUNGENEN) SCHWEIGENS DER LITERATUR
Authors: Karolak Czesław
Published: October 2020

In the article, an attempt has been made to analyze the systems of control of social communication based on the history of censorship in Germany. Apart from the historical context, reference has been made to the relationship of systems of censorship to modernization processes. In addition, the crucial role of legal awareness in society has been indicated. Within the scope of the present analysis, important methodological issues concerning research on forms, manifestations and effects of censorship related to the XXth century German literature have been considered.
Antroponimy i toponimy w łużyckich tłumaczeniach Ewangelii według św. Mateusza
Authors: Waliszewska Joanna
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis and description of anthroponyms and toponyms occurring in Catholic Upper-Sorbian translations of The Gospel According to St. Matthew. The excerpted forms have been compared with one another as well as with the forms encountered in various translations: the Protestant Upper-Sorbian, the Czech, the German (Catholic and Protestant). The study is composed of the historical outline of the Sorbian translations of the Bible and the analysis of different linguistic manifestations of proper names in the Catholic editions of The Gospel According to St. Matthew.
Czym jest i dokąd sięga rodzaj (nie)naturalny?
Authors: Wojdak Piotr
Published: October 2020

The article presents considerations concerning the essence and the scope of the concept of the natural gender of nouns. The author advocates its grammatical categorisation – instead of the semantic categorisation dominating in the literature. This means that the superior category in natural gender should be grammatical gender (hence the proposed compound term: natural grammatical gender), and not a semantic feature. In a simple (prototypical) categorisation, natural gender pertains to masculine nouns with male meaning and feminine nouns with female meaning. The article identifies five types of possible extension of this concept:1. the isolation of the neuter natural gender;2. the attribution of natural gender to nouns with inconsistent semantics of sex;3. the recognition of the natural gender which is incompatible with grammatical gender (this extension is onlypossible when natural gender is treated as a semantic feature);4. the analysis of all nouns that denote sexual beings with regard to natural gender;5. the isolation of subcategories of natural masculine nouns (natural genders of the second degree).Complimentary to the narrow understanding of natural gender, the author proposes to use an antonymous term – “unnatural gender” to designate such kind of grammatical gender of personal (or animate) nouns that is not in compliance with their semantic feature of sex (e.g., CHŁOPISKO [A CHAP], BABSZTYL [A HAG]).
Tożsamość w czeskich gatunkach literackich: narodowa, terytorialna, kulturowa czy historyczna?
Authors: Kardyni-Pelikanová Krystyna
Published: October 2020

The work Identity in Czech literary genres: national, territorial, cultural or historical? is an attempt at providing an answer to the title question by describing the conditions in which the characteristic features of Czech literary genres emerged and were amplified during the Czech national revival in the first half of the 19th century.
Zbrzyca – dopływ Łaby? O motywach kaszubsko-połabskich i presji kulturowej w poezji Stanisława Pestki (Jana Zbrzycy)
Authors: Kalinowski Daniel
Published: October 2020

This article deals with the images of Slavic cultural space in north-western Europe presented in Stanislaw Pestka’s works written in the Kashubian language. His poetic descriptions, reflect the profound relations between Kashubian tradition and north-western Slavic culture. They mainly present the struggle for cultural identity, similar in both cultures. In contemporary Europe, both Kashubs and Polabs are minorities facing the threat of extinction, subjected to numerous factors of acculturation and assimilation. The only chance for the salvation of the Kashubs is to counteract the cultural processes which resulted in the cultural dependence of the Slavic inhabitants of Lusatia, Mecklenburg and Pomerania on militarily and economically stronger neighbours.
Poststrukturalistyczne inspiracje w badaniu języka poezji współczesnej
Authors: Skibski Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

The text is an attempt to look at the problem of the contemporary studies into poetic language through the prism of poststructuralist reflection. The discussion, which originally referred to the theory of literature, concerned the themes also present in the studies of linguists and resulting from a critical analysis of the assumptions of structuralist thought. The perspective adopted in this abstract made it possible to present a research proposal comprising the category of redundancy in literary communication, as well as – in more detail – the category of relationality of verse, syntactical hypotheses or special predication with regard to poetic language. Free verse is apprehended here with reference to the findings of modern scholars of verse, which involves a special way of thinking about syntax in poetry, and also – about the specific aspects of semantics. The attached examples (from a collection of modern Polish poetry) provide the necessary illustration of the linguistic phenomena demonstrated in the text.
Sociolingvistická situace psaných slovanských jazyků v 1. polovině 18. století
Authors: Knoll Vladislav
Published: October 2020

The main aim of the article is to present a complex image of the diversity, use and functions of written Slavonic idioms in the first half of the 18th century, which is the period that shortly precedes the creation of the modern national languages. This detailed view shows that the number of the written varieties was much larger, and the function structure of the single languages and varieties in each speech community was more complex than now. The article also discusses the methodological issues linked to the studies on the pre-national languages and tries to find the common patterns of variety hierarchy in each of the main cultural areas of the Slavonic world.
Analiza interartystyczna ekfraz: Lekcja muzyki Vermeera w interpretacji Adama Zagajewskiego i Joanny Pollakówny
Authors: Słodczyk Rozalia
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the issue of describing a work of art in an essay. The paper presents ekphrasis and underlines the efficiency of an inter-artistic analysis in studying the phenomenon of ekphrasis. An interpretation offragments of Zagajewski’s and Pollakówna’s essays starts with presenting two works of art, The Music Lesson and Girl Interrupted at Her Music by Vermeer, from the perspective of art history. It is followed by a discussion of the verbal accounts of the paintings by Zagajewski and Pollakówna. Their contents and poetics are examined with special emphasis placed on the nature of the suggested description as it may focus on either the subject or the viewer, the representation itself or its connotations. Accordingly, it is suggested that the corresponding modes of ekphrasis should be labelled ‘denotational’ and ‘connotational’. In his description, Zagajewski resorts to an example of connotational ekphrasis whereas Pollakówna’s textual relation is a fine example of mixing the denotational and connotational facets of ekphrasis. The article presents specifi realizations of ekphrasis and the characteristic modes of perceiving works of art and describing them. It also shows how the observer’s subjective perspective and idiomatic style of expression manifest themselves.
Rys historyczny Teatru Muzycznego Takarazuka – w poszukiwaniu nowego „teatru narodowego”
Authors: Lecińska-Ruchniewicz Monika
Published: October 2020

The Takarazuka Revue (Takarazuka Kagekidan) occupies an important place among Japanese modern theatres and enjoys unwavering popularity both in Japan and abroad. Both the artistic and commercial character of the idea that brought the first Japanese all-female revue to life in 1914 determined its further development and process of conversion from a simple choir to a full scale musical theater. Kobayashi – the founder of the Takarazuka Revue, an opera aficionado and theater critic – was driven by the need to create a new, affordable and easily understandable national theater that would meet the needs of modern Japanese society. Currently, the Takarazuka Revue is one of the most active and successful modern Japanese theaters. Its harmonious combinationof trends in mass culture and Japanese and Western theatrical traditions is fascinating. The highly characteristic fusion of simplicity and splendour, kitsch and sophistication that can be seen in the revue’s works, creates a unique, albeit somewhat controversial style, complemented by musumeyaku (female emploi) i otokoyaku (male emploi) played by actresses taught in a special school affiliated to the Takarazuka Revue.
Bizancjum jako ideał skazany na unicestwienie i sensotwórcza miłość w cyklu poetyckim O dziełach miłości albo Bizancjum Ivana V. Lalicia
Authors: Maszkiewicz Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The goal of this article is to interpret the two motifs indicated in the title which intertwine in the poetic series Of the Works of Love, or Byzantium by Ivan V. Lalić, a Serbian poet. Perception of Byzantium as a reality which, having reached perfection, is annihilated and of love as a meaning-giving category connects with a coherent vision in the author’s entire work. The reflections presented in this article provide an impetus to comprehend the series in question, and Lalić’s entire poetry.
Osobliwe słownictwo szesnastowiecznych leksykonów (na wybranych przykładach nazw rzemieślników)
Authors: Migdał Jolanta
Published: October 2020

The article presents names of craftsmen which existed in the 16th century Polish language, confirmed exclusively in lexicographic collections of the time. The material has been drawn from the published volumes of Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (Dictionary of 16th century Polish language). A review was conducted of the way in which these peculiar names of craftsmen functioned in the lexicons, both reflecting vocabulary confirmed in Old Polish and in contemporary dictionaries. It turned out that even though some of these words were perhaps the original products of the 16th lexicographers’ imaginations, others were actually used in the vocabulary of those times.
Mathematics of a Mantra
Authors: Anrò Alberto
Published: October 2020

This paper aims to examine the enunciation (uccāraṇa-kāla) time intervals for śrīvidyā pañcadaśī, a fifteen seed-syllable mantra (bīja-mantra) related to the homonymous śākta school Śrīvidyā or Traipuradarśaṇa. Following the indications provided in the Yoginīhṛdaya, with Dīpikā commentary by Amṛtānanda, and the Varivasyāraharasya by Bhāskararāya with Prakāśa auto-commentary, the research finds that these durations are not arbitrary at all but rather the result of a rigorous assessment. Moreover, the duration values suggest a specific conceptual goal that the mathematical rigor manifested by the authors seeks to fulfil: the progressive diminution of time intervals in order to achieve an atemporal dimension. The choice of the units of measurement itself is designed to meet this metaphysical and ritual need. By counting the intervals (both relative and overall) of mantra recitation, it is also possible to confirm the resonance nature of the sounds following nasalisations, sounds conceived by the authors as entirely independent of the reciter’s phonatory activity.
Plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium genus: A review
Authors: Aung Ei Ei , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Aminah Nanik Siti , Takaya Yoshiaki , Ramadhan Rico
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to report native growth, plant description, phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of Syzygium aqueum, S. aromaticum, S. cumini, S. guineense and S. samarangense. Those are the large public species in the Syzygium genus and some of them have been used as traditional medicines. Different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits, barks, stem barks and flower buds) of each species plant are rich in phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and phenolics. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, toxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities are reported in various extracts (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) from different parts of Syzygium sp. The bioactivities were studied by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for antioxidant, 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays for anticancer, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays for antidiabetic, agar well diffusion method for antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay for toxicity. Moreover, this review shows that phytochemical constituents of each species significantly presented various bioactivities. Therefore, this review suggests that there is great potential for obtaining the lead drug from these species.
Comparative and contrast study of Karbandie’s Masonry ribs brick arrangements
Authors: Ainechi Shahrzad , Valibeig Nima
Published: October 2020

Karbandies’ masonry ribs construction technology is influenced by form and size, on one hand, and traditional architects’ creativity, on the other hand. Some of the exclusive characteristics of construction techniques of Kar-bandies’ ribs are revealed, after investigating and identifying of some of traditional construction ways of them, investigating contemporary studies conducted in the field and comparing the methods. The masonry ribs have been built in different forms over time and such different forms result in formation of different construction technologies. The masonry ribs’ form and size and the bricks’ arrangement way have direct effect on their construction process. The aim of the present paper is to determine construction technology of the masonry ribs used in different Karbandies. Hence, in line with achieving this goal, it also tries to investigate geometric arrangement of bricks in masonry ribs. The present study, for the first time, presents a comparative structure to study different implementation ways of Kar-bandies’ masonry ribs and reasons for similarities and differences among different samples. Moreover, the present study tries to draw implementation way of different types of ribs with the aid of 2D and 3D software and by doing library studies, field understandings and interviewing the related masters and then the collected data were studied, comparatively. Data-gathering of this research included library studies which included written, listening and visual methods of books, articles and dissertations. Interviewing traditional masters, who are expertise in the field, were used in the samples analysis. Then according to the master builders’ advice, structural form of karbandi ribs was modelled using three-dimensional software type. In this study karbandie’s masonry ribs were divided into three categories of radial brick vault, pitched brick vault and a combination of them based on their brick arrangement way. Investigation of the results indicated that the bricks due to their geometrical form and variety in shape can result in various combinations. Different factors including materials, centering, dimensions, bay size and other factors are influential in bricks arrangement of the ribs. ter builders’ advice, structural form of karbandi ribs was modelled using three-dimensional software type. In this study karbandie’s masonry ribs were divided into three categories of radial brick vault, pitched brick vault and a combination of them based on their brick arrangement way. Investigation of the results indicated that the bricks due to their geometrical form and variety in shape can result in various combinations. Different factors including materials, centering, dimensions, bay size and other factors are influential in bricks arrangement of the ribs.
A Blurring Frontier: The Territory of Caere in the Fourth and Third Centuries B. C. E.
Authors: Colivicchi Fabio
Published: October 2020

At the end of a long history of increasingly close relationships with its neighbor, the Etruscan city of Caere became a sort of “satellite state” of Rome and was eventually transformed into apraefecturain 273 B. C. E. Historians have focused on the institutional aspect of the process, with its progressive “softening” of the political frontier between the two cities through theciuitas sine suffragio, which paved the way for eventual assimilation. This paper examines the archeological record of the territory of Caere in the period between the late fourth and the third centuries B. C. E., tracking the development of settlement patterns and the cultural changes revealed by the material culture. Complex dynamics developed in the territory of Caere during this crucial period, with different groups adopting diverging strategies to adapt to the challenges and opportunities of the new situation.
The differential diversification of Mongolic
Authors: Janhunen Juha
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the Mongolic family of languages from the point of view of their different paths and rates of evolution, and with a view on the general problem concerning the speed of language change. All extant Mongolic languages descend from a relatively recent ancestral form of speech, Proto-Mongolic, spoken by the historical Mongols in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries and documented in a number of written sources conventionally known as Middle Mongol. A comparison of the modern Mongolic languages with Proto-Mongolic and Middle Mongol reveals considerable differences in their rates of evolution, with some languages being highly innovative, while others are conspicuously conservative. These differences are evident at all levels of linguistic structure and substance, including phonology, grammar, and lexicon. The reasons for the different rates of evolution can be sought in a variety of linguistic and extralinguistic factors, including not only the linguistic environment, but also the political and geographical context of the speakers, as well as their demographic structure, economic and cultural profile, and degree of mobility.