bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpacking mental models through laboratory experiments
Authors: Gary Michael Shayne , Wood Robert E.
Published: January 2017

This article summarizes the findings from three laboratory studies investigating the content of decision makers' mental models and the relationship between mental models and performance on microworld simulations. We examine three different components of mental models: perceived causal relationships, high‐level strategies, and decision rules. The findings advance our understanding of the effects of different levels of complexity, different causal diagram presentations, and different learning paths on mental models and performance. Copyright © 2017 System Dynamics Society
Synthetic Studies toward the Revised Aglycone of Mandelalide A
Authors: AnkiReddy Praveen , AnkiReddy Sandeep , Sabitha Gowravaram
Published: January 2017

Synthesis of a silyl derivative of revised aglycone of marine anticancer macrolide Mandelalide A is described. The synthetic highlights include acid catalyzed epoxide opening, Chelation‐ controlled Grignard reaction, Still‐Gennari olefination, Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular alkoxycarbonylation, Kocien′ski‐Julia olefination and Shiina macrolactonization as keysteps.
Chemical Synthesis of L‐Fucose Derivatives for Acceptor Specificity Characterisation of Plant Cell Wall Glycosyltransferases
Authors: Damager Iben , Olsen Carl Erik , Egelund Jack , Jørgensen Bodil , Larsen Petersen Bent , Ulvskov Peter , Lindberg Møller Birger , Motawia Mohammed Saddik
Published: January 2017

Seven derivatives of L‐fucose: methyl α‐L‐fucopyranoside, methyl 2‐O‐methyl‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside, methyl 3‐O‐methyl‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside, methyl 4‐O‐methyl‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside, α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α/β‐L‐rhamnopyranose, methyl α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside and methyl α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐L‐rhamnopyranoside, were chemically synthesized and characterized. The derivatives of L‐fucose were designed to mimic the L‐fucose moieties present in the A‐chain of pectic rhamnogalacturonan‐II and used to investigate the regiospecificity of three heterologously expressed xylosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana. The monosaccharide methyl α‐L‐fucopyranoside was the most efficient acceptor, 30 fold more effective than methyl 4‐O‐methyl‐α‐L‐fucopyranoside. O‐methylation in position 2 or 3 abolished acceptor function. The efficiencies of the disaccharides as acceptors were methyl α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐L‐rhamnopyranoside > α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α/β‐L‐rhamnopyranose > methyl α‐L‐fucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside. These findings demonstrate the utility of acceptor derivatives as probes of glycosyltransferase regiospecificity.
Incorporating Pd(OAc)2 on Imine Functionalized Microporous Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Stable and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Sadhasivam Velu , Balasaravanan Rajendiran , Chithiraikumar Chinnadurai , Siva Ayyanar
Published: January 2017

Imine‐based microporous covalent organic frameworks, TATAE were synthesized from condensation of 4,4′,4“‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tribenzaldehyde and 1,4‐diaminobenzene, followed by Pd(OAc)2 was incorporated on TATAE (Pd/TATAE). The as‐synthesized Pd/TATAE was thoroughly characterized by Fourier Transform‐Infrared Spectroscopy, 13C CP‐MAS solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Pd/TATAE was employed as a solid catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions in an environmentally benign water medium at room temperature, which exhibited a good catalytic activity with excellent yield. In addition, the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst was checked by Shelton test, this catalyst can be recycled more than four times with only a minor loss of its catalytic activity.
Phosphate‐Mediated Enyne Synthesis from Allenols
Authors: Asai Shota , Kato Maho , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao , Sawama Yoshinari
Published: January 2017

An efficient synthetic pathway to enyne derivatives from readily‐available allenols has been accomplished using trimethyl phosphate as an inexpensive and stable activator of the hydroxy groups of the allenols in the presence of sodium hydride. The present method could be applied to various allenol derivatives to produce a variety of functionalized‐enyne products.
Structural Oscillations of Non–muscle Myosin II–C2: Time Resolved Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Chattoraj Shyamtanu , Saha Shekhar , Halder Debdatta , Jana Siddhartha S. , Bhattacharyya Kankan
Published: January 2017

Size and structural oscillation of the non‐muscle myosin (NM) II−C2 protein are investigated using time resolved confocal microscopy. It is observed that the high enzymatic activity of GFP tagged NM II−C2 is invariably accompanied by frequent fluctuations in the fluorescence intensity (fluorescence oscillation) of GFP in Neuro‐2a cells. We demonstrate that the deletion of the polar rich N‐terminal 12 amino acid (aa) of the C2 insert diminishes the fluorescence oscillation of NM II−C2. On deletion of either the middle 21 aa or the C‐terminal 8 aa, frequency of observing periodic fluctuation in fluorescence intensity decreases. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to monitor the size of the GFP tagged NM II−C2. NM II−C2‐GFP molecule remains in the rod‐like extended conformation (6S) with a length of 120 ± 5 nm while deletion of any region of the C2 insert causes the molecule to adopt the 10S conformation with a length of 50–65 nm. These findings suggest that enzymatic activity and assembly property of NM II−C2 are controlled by the polar amino acids present in the C2 insert.
Calix[4]arene‐Based n‐Dialkylamino Extractants for Selective Platinum Group Metal Separation from Automotive Catalysts
Authors: Yamada Manabu , Rajiv Gandhi Muniyappan , Kaneta Yu , Hu Yetian , Shibayama Atsushi
Published: January 2017

To clarify efficiency recovery for platinum group metals (PGMs) from leach liquors of automotive catalysts, synthesis of three p‐dialkylaminomethylcalix[4]arenes (propyl=1; butyl=2; and amyl=3), as extractants and their PGM extractabilities toward Pt, Pd, and Rh, from single‐component PGM solutions, simulated mixed PGM solutions, and leach liquors of automotive catalysts were investigated. Various experimental conditions, such as the effect of shaking time, HCl concentration, concentration of extractants, and concentrations of Pd(II) and Pt(IV), were studied. The distribution ratio and stoichiometry ratio of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) extracted species were calculated. Extractants 2 and 3 showed a higher extractability compared to 1 toward Pd(II) and Pt(IV) ions from the leach liquors of automotive catalysts: E%=91.5 % and 87.5 % for 2, and 88.3 % and 88.1 % for 3, respectively. In contrast, the extractability of all the other metal ions (Al, Ba, Ce, La, Rh, Y, and Zr) by 2 and 3 was E%=<6 %. Stripping of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from organic solutions was achieved using a thiourea/HCl solution. Reusability of extractants 2 and 3 is also discussed.
Gladstone
Authors: Biagini Eugenio F.
Published: January 2017

Gladstone focuses on the public side of the statesman's life and on those aspects of his private life - such as his religious beliefs and family life - which most affected his career. Besides reflecting the current state of the debate, this study draws on the author's own work in progress on various aspects of Victorian liberalism, including political charisma and nationalism. With its thematic approach, Dr Biagini's short, clear analysis offers an exciting introduction and a flexible teaching aid, with a guide to further reading.

A new biographical study of the quintessential Victorian statesman.

The book has an unusual thematic approach making it easy to look up specific questions.

Uses a wide range of source material to shed light on Gladstone's life and work.
Molecular epidemiology demonstrates that imported and local
strains circulated during the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Li Geng , Pan Pan , He Qiuyan , Kong Xiujuan , Wu Kailang , Zhang Wei , Liu Yuntao , Huang Huiting , Liu Jianbo , Zhang Zhongde , Wu De , Lai Xiaoping , Liu Xiaohong , Wu Jianguo
Published: January 2017

The dengue virus (DENV) is a vital global public health issue. The 2014 dengue
epidemic in Guangzhou, China, caused approximately 40,000 cases of infection and
five deaths. We carried out a comprehensive investigation aimed at identifying the
transmission sources in this dengue epidemic. To analyze the phylogenetics of the
2014 dengue strains, the envelope (E) gene
sequences from 17 viral strains isolated from 168 dengue patient serum samples were
sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed. All 17 strains were serotype I
strains, including 8 genotype I and 9 genotype V strains. Additionally, 6 genotype I
strains that were probably introduced to China from Thailand before 2009 were widely
transmitted in the 2013 and 2014 epidemics, and they continued to circulate until
2015, with one affinis strain being found in Singapore. The other 2 genotype I
strains were introduced from the Malaya Peninsula in 2014. The transmission source
of the 9 genotype V strains was from Malaysia in 2014. DENVs of different serotypes
and genotypes co-circulated in the 2014 dengue outbreak in Guangzhou. Moreover, not
only had DENV been imported to Guangzhou, but it had also been gradually exported,
as the viruses exhibited an enzootic transmission cycle in Guangzhou.
Approximate equivalence of group actions
Authors: AASERUD ANDREAS NÆS , POPA SORIN
Published: January 2017

We consider several weaker versions of the notion of conjugacy and orbit equivalence of measure preserving actions of countable groups on probability spaces, involving equivalence of the ultrapower actions and asymptotic intertwining conditions. We compare them with the other existing equivalence relations between group actions, and study the usual type of rigidity questions around these new concepts (superrigidity, calculation of invariants, etc).
Counting preimages
Authors: MISIUREWICZ MICHAŁ , RODRIGUES ANA
Published: January 2017

For non-invertible maps, subshifts that are mainly of finite type and piecewise monotone interval maps, we investigate what happens if we follow backward trajectories, which are random in the sense that, at each step, every preimage can be chosen with equal probability. In particular, we ask what happens if we try to compute the entropy this way. It turns out that, instead of the topological entropy, we get the metric entropy of a special measure, which we call the fair measure. In general, this entropy (the fair entropy) is smaller than the topological entropy. In such a way, for the systems that we consider, we get a new natural measure and a new invariant of topological conjugacy.
Topologically irreducible representations of the Banach -algebra associated with a dynamical system
Authors: KISHIMOTO AKI , TOMIYAMA JUN
Published: January 2017

We describe (infinite-dimensional) irreducible representations of the crossed product C$^{\ast }$-algebra associated with a topological dynamical system (based on $\mathbb{Z}$) and we show that their restrictions to the underlying $\ell ^{1}$-Banach $\ast$-algebra are not algebraically irreducible under mild conditions on the dynamical system. The above description of irreducible representations has two ingredients, ergodic measures on the space and ergodic extensions for the tensor product with type I factors, the latter of which may not have been explicitly taken up before but which will be explored by means of examples. A new class of ergodic measures is also constructed for irrational rotations on the circle.
On some symmetric multidimensional continued fraction algorithms
Authors: ARNOUX PIERRE , LABBÉ SÉBASTIEN
Published: January 2017

We compute explicitly the density of the invariant measure for the reverse algorithm which is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, using a method proposed by Arnoux and Nogueira. We also apply the same method on the unsorted version of the Brun algorithm and Cassaigne algorithm. We illustrate some experimentations on the domain of the natural extension of those algorithms. For some other algorithms, which are known to have a unique invariant measure absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, the invariant domain found by this method seems to have a fractal boundary, and it is unclear whether it is of positive measure.
The error term in the prime orbit theorem for expanding semiflows
Authors: TSUJII MASATO
Published: January 2017

We consider suspension semiflows of angle-multiplying maps on the circle and study the distributions of periods of their periodic orbits. Under generic conditions on the roof function, we give an asymptotic formula on the number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}(T)$ of prime periodic orbits with period $\leq T$. The error term is bounded, at least, by $$\begin{eqnarray}\exp \biggl(\biggl(1-\frac{1}{4\lceil \unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{\text{max}}/h_{\text{top}}\rceil }+\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}\biggr)h_{\text{top}}\cdot T\biggr)\quad \text{in the limit }T\rightarrow \infty\end{eqnarray}$$ for arbitrarily small $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}>0$, where $h_{\text{top}}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{\text{max}}$ are, respectively, the topological entropy and the maximal Lyapunov exponent of the semiflow.
Living and Learning as Māori: Language Stories from Three Generations
Authors: Tocker Kimai
Published: January 2017

Through tracing in detail the story of schooling for three individuals, this article provides a rich description of the way that education impacted on the lives of many Māori between the early 1900s and the year 2000. Although there is extensive research on the historical colonising effects of schooling on Māori and te reo Māori (the Māori language), this article approaches these effects by bringing them alive and illustrating them in the everyday lived experience of women from three generations: my mother, myself, and my daughter. Through this method, the article maps in evocative detail the important historical period between the banning of Māori language in schools and the renaissance of Māori language teaching and speaking in schools.
Numerical Investigation of a N2O/HTPB Hybrid Rocket Motor with a Dual-Vortical-Flow (DVF) Design
Authors: Lai A. , Lin Y. C. , Wei S. S. , Chou T. H. , Lin J. W. , Wu J. S. , Chen Y. S.
Published: January 2017

A compact hybrid rocket motor design that incorporates a dual-vortical-flow (DVF) concept is proposed. The oxidizer (nitrous oxide, N2O) is injected circumferentially into various sections of the rocket motor, which are sectored by several solid fuel “rings” (made of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, HTPB) that are installed along the central axis of the motor. The proposed configuration not only increases the residence time of the oxidizer flow, it also implies an inherent “roll control” capability of the motor. Based on a DVF motor geometry with a designed thrust level of 11.6 kN, the characteristics of the turbulent reacting flow within the motor and its rocket performance were analyzed with a comprehensive numerical model that implements both real-fluid properties and finite-rate chemistry. Data indicate that the vacuum specific impulse (Isp) of the DVF motor could reach 278 s. The result from a preliminary ground test of a lab-scale DVF hybrid rocket motor (with a designed thrust level of 3,000 N) also shows promising performance. The proposed DVF concept is expected to partly resolve the issue of scalability, which remains challenging for hybrid rocket motors development.
Scattering of SH-Wave by a Circular Inclusion Near the Interfacial Cracks in the Piezoelectric Bi-Material Half-Space
Authors: Qi H. , Zhang X. M.
Published: January 2017

With the aid of the Green's function method and complex function method, the scattering problem of SH-wave by a circular inclusion near the two symmetrically permeable interfacial cracks in the piezoelectric bi-material half -space is considered to obtain the steady state response. Firstly, by means of the image method, the essential function of Green's function is constructed, which satisfies the stress free and electric insulation conditions on the horizontal boundaries in a right-angle space including a circular inclusion and bearing a harmonic out-plane line source force on the vertical boundary. Secondly, the bi-material media is divided into two parts along the vertical boundary. According to continuity condition, the first kind of Fredholm integral equations containing undetermined anti-plane forces are established by “the conjunction method” and “the crack-division technology”, then the integral equations are reduced to the algebraic equations including finite items by effective truncation. Finally, the dynamic stress concentration factor around the edge of circular inclusion and dynamic stress intensity factor at the crack tip are calculated, then the influences of the frequency of incident wave, the length of crack, the position of the crack, the position of circular inclusion, etc. on the dynamic stress concentration factor and dynamic stress intensity factor are discussed.
Estimation of glacier thicknesses and basal properties using the horizontal-to-vertical component spectral ratio (HVSR) technique from passive seismic data
Authors: PICOTTI STEFANO , FRANCESE ROBERTO , GIORGI MASSIMO , PETTENATI FRANCO , CARCIONE JOSÉ M.
Published: January 2017

Microtremor measurements and the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique, generally used for site effect studies as well as to determine the thickness of soft sedimentary layers, can effectively be applied to map the thickness of glaciers. In this work the radio-echo sounding, geoelectric and active seismic methods, widely employed to image the earth interior, are applied to verify the reliability of the HVSR technique in Alpine and Antarctic glacial environments. The technique has been used to analyze passive seismic data from glaciers of the Adamello and Ortles-Cevedale massifs (Italy), the Bernese Oberland Alps (Switzerland) and from the Whillans Ice Stream (West Antarctica). Comparing with the results obtained from the different geophysical imaging methods, we show that the resonance frequency in the HVSR spectra correlates well with the ice thickness at the site, in a wide range from a few tens of meters to more than 800 m. The reliability of the method mainly depends on the coupling of sensors at the glacier surface and on the basal impedance contrast. This passive seismic technique offers a logistically efficient and cost effective method to map glacier and ice-sheet thicknesses. Moreover, under certain conditions, it allows reliable estimations of the basal seismic properties.
CELL DECOMPOSITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DEFINABLE SETS INp-OPTIMAL FIELDS
Authors: DARNIÈRE LUCK , HALPUCZOK IMMANUEL
Published: January 2017

We prove that forp-optimal fields (a very large subclass ofp-minimal fields containing all the known examples) a cell decomposition theorem follows from methods going back to Denef’s paper [7]. We derive from it the existence of definable Skolem functions and strongp-minimality. Then we turn to stronglyp-minimal fields satisfying the Extreme Value Property—a property which in particular holds in fields which are elementarily equivalent to ap-adic one. For such fieldsK, we prove that every definable subset ofK×Kdwhose fibers overKare inverse images by the valuation of subsets of the value group is semialgebraic. Combining the two we get a preparation theorem for definable functions onp-optimal fields satisfying the Extreme Value Property, from which it follows that infinite sets definable over such fields are in definable bijection iff they have the same dimension.
Effects of nonlinear plasma wake field on the dust-lattice wave in complex plasmas
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: January 2017

The influence of a nonlinear ion wake field on the dust-lattice wave is investigated in complex dusty plasmas. The dispersion relation for the dust-lattice wave is derived from the equation of motion including the contribution due to the nearest-neighbour dust grain interaction. The results show that the nonlinear wake-field effect increases the wave frequency, especially at the maximum peak positions. It is found that the oscillatory behaviour of the dust-lattice wave enhances with an increase of the spacing of the dust grains. It is also found that the amplitude of the dust-lattice wave significantly decreases with an increase of the inter-dust grain distance. In addition, it is found that the amplitude of the dust-lattice wave increases with increasing Debye length. The variation of the dust-lattice wave due to the Mach number and plasma parameters is also discussed.
Effective factors on twisted terahertz radiation generation in a rippled plasma
Authors: Sobhani Hassan , Dadar Elham , Feili Sahar
Published: January 2017

Based on the beating of two Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams in a rippled plasma medium, the effective factors such as plasma density, Gouy phase and orbital angular momentums of input lasers on the output twisted terahertz radiation are investigated. As a result, the amplitude of the generated vortex terahertz radiation is an increasing function of plasma density. The vortex terahertz intensity is strongly dependent on the orbital angular momentum of the input lasers. The terahertz output amplitude increases by decreasing the orbital angular momentum of the Laguerre–Gaussian input lasers. Here, by employing a suitably ripple wavenumber, the destroyer effect of the relative Gouy phase of the input lasers is removed, and perfect phase matching is satisfied.
UNRAVELING THE SKILL PREMIUM
Authors: McAdam Peter , Willman Alpo
Published: January 2017

For the United States, the supply and wages of skilled labor relative to those of unskilled labor have grown over the postwar period. The literature has tended to explain this through “skill-biased technical change” (SBTC). Empirical work has concentrated around two variants: (1) capital-skill complementarity, (2) skill-augmenting technical change. Our purpose is to nest and discriminate between these two explanations. We do so in the framework of multilevel Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function, where factors are disaggregated into skilled and unskilled labor, and capital into structures and equipment capital. Using a five-equation system approach and several nesting alternatives, we retrieve estimates of the substitution elasticities and technical changes. Our estimations can produce results in line with capital-skill-complementarity hypothesis. However, those results are outperformed where the only source of the widening skill premium has been skill-augmenting technical change. We also show that the different explanations for SBTC have different implications for projected developments of the premium.
Using cross-sectional surveys to estimate the number of severely malnourished children needing to be enrolled in specific treatment programmes
Authors: Dale Nancy M , Myatt Mark , Prudhon Claudine , Briend André
Published: January 2017

Objective

When planning severe acute malnutrition (SAM) treatment services, estimates of the number of children requiring treatment are needed. Prevalence surveys, used with population estimates, can directly estimate the number of prevalent cases but not the number of subsequent incident cases. Health managers often use a prevalence-to-incidence conversion factor (J) derived from two African cohort studies to estimate incidence and add the expected number of incident cases to prevalent cases to estimate expected SAM caseload for a given period. The present study aimed to estimate J empirically in different contexts.

Design

Observational study, with J estimated by correlating expected numbers of children to be treated, based on prevalence surveys, population estimates and assumed coverage, with the observed numbers of SAM patients treated.

Setting

Survey and programme data from six African and Asian countries.

Subjects

Twenty-four data sets including prevalence surveys and programme admissions data for 5 months following the survey.

Results

A statistically significant relationship between the number of SAM cases admitted to SAM treatment services and the estimated burden of SAM from prevalence surveys was found. Estimate for the slope (intercept forced to be zero) was 2·17 (95 % CI 1·33, 3·79). Estimates for the prevalence-to-incidence conversion factor J varied from 2·81 to 11·21, assuming programme coverage of 100 % and 38 %, respectively.

Conclusions

Estimation of expected caseload from prevalence may require revision of the currently used prevalence-to-incidence conversion factor J of 1·6. Appropriate values for J may vary between different locations.
An evaluation of communication barriers and facilitators at the time of a mental health diagnosis: a survey of health professional practices
Authors: Milton A. C. , Mullan B. , MacCann C. , Hunt C.
Published: January 2017

Aims.

To examine health professionals’ views and practices relating to the specific barriers to communication that arise at the time of mental health diagnosis, and the strategies used to support individuals throughout this process.

Methods.

An online survey of the beliefs and practices of 131 mental health clinicians working in different clinical settings across Australia was conducted.

Results.

Exploratory factor analysis of the items relating to barriers to communication resulted in three latent factors (‘stigma, diagnosis and risk’; ‘service structure’; and ‘individual circumstances’ such as the person receiving the diagnosis being young, having a culturally and linguistically diverse background or being unwell at the time of conversation). Using linear regression it was found that variance in ‘stigma, diagnosis and risk’ was significantly explained by whether participating clinicians had medical training, their experience working with serious mental health problems, their confidence handling distress and attitude towards diagnosis. Variance in ‘individual circumstances’ was significantly explained by participating clinicians’ confidence handling distress. The most frequently used strategies to support diagnostic discussions centred on the health professionals’ communication skills, gauging the individual's perception of their circumstances, responding with empathy, following-up after discussion, addressing stigma concerns, using collaborative practice and setting up for the conversation.

Conclusions.

Three main areas for health professionals to reflect on, plan for and ultimately address when discussing news with the individual concerned emerged (‘stigma, diagnosis and risk’; ‘service structure’; and ‘individual circumstances’). Variations in practice indicate that practitioners should be cognisant of their own beliefs and background and how this impacts their communication practice.
Ökonomische Evaluation eines manualbasierten Therapiekonzeptes für psychisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche mit schulvermeidendem Verhalten
Authors: Weschenfelder Ann-Kathrin , Reissner Volker , Knollmann Martin , Hebebrand Johannes , Wasem Jürgen , Neumann Anja
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Schulvermeidung erhöht ohne frühzeitige Diagnostik und Therapie das Risiko eines vorzeitigen Abbruchs der Bildungskarriere. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die ökonomische Evaluation eines Manuals zur Behandlung von schulvermeidendem Verhalten im Vergleich zur Behandlung im kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Hilfesystem unter Standardbedingungen. Methodik: Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Kosten-Minimierungs-Analyse erfolgt die Erhebung der Ressourcenverbräuche retrospektiv für je 6 Monate mittels adaptiertem CSSRI-Fragebogen. Die Ressourcenverbräuche in den meisten Leistungsbereichen werden mit publizierten Standardpreisen bewertet. Die Darstellung der Kosten erfolgt aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive für das Jahr 2011. Der Kostenvergleich zwischen den Therapiekonzepten im einjährigen Interventionszeitraum erfolgt anhand eines Differenz-von-Differenzen-Ansatzes. Ergebnisse: Bei den 112 Studienteilnehmern liegen am häufigsten phobische und emotionale Störungen vor. Die durchschnittlichen Gesamtkosten pro Patient im Interventionszeitraum betragen 7197 € (95 %-KI: 4746 € bis 10 079 €) in der Manualgruppe und 9294 € (95 %-KI: 6313 € bis 12 878 €) in der Kontrollgruppe. Die Differenz der bereinigten Kosten beträgt 1453 € zugunsten der Manualgruppe, wobei dieser Unterschied keine statistische Signifikanz erreicht. Schlussfolgerungen: Die manualbasierte Therapie stellt in Hinblick auf andernorts berichtete klinische Endpunkte und Krankheitskosten ein dem bisherigen Vorgehen gleichwertiges, tendenziell vorteilhaftes Therapiekonzept dar.
Handlungsleitende Orientierungen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte in der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern
Authors: Vomhof Beate
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern wird in Bildungsplänen und Kompetenzbeschreibungen als professionelle Aufgabe frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte definiert. Um einen Paradigmenwechsel anzuzeigen, verwenden zahlreiche Autoren inzwischen nicht mehr den Begriff Elternarbeit, sondern sprechen von Bildungs- und Erziehungspartnerschaft. Doch wird die Kooperation tatsächlich partnerschaftlich umgesetzt? Um der Forschungsfrage nachzugehen, welche handlungsleitenden Orientierungen frühpädagogische Fachkräfte in der Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern im Kontext kompensatorischer Sprachfördermaßnahmen haben, werden neun Fälle (die aus sechs Interviews und zwei Focus Groups generiert wurden) anhand der Dokumentarischen Methode interpretiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Förderkräfte auf der Ebene der Einstellung die normativen Setzungen um Partnerschaftlichkeit teilen. Die Rekonstruktion der impliziten Wissensbestände offenbart jedoch, dass die Kooperation hierarchisch und teilweise als Machtbeziehung konstruiert wird. Es lässt sich eine grundlegende Diskrepanz zwischen den expliziten und den impliziten Orientierungen rekonstruieren, die sich als Differenz zwischen Norm und Habitus zeigt.
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in Kindertagesstätten aus Eltern- und Fachkraftperspektive im KOMPASS-Projekt
Authors: Jungmann Tanja , Koch Katja , Böhm Julia
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Diskrepanzen in der Einschätzung von kindlichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten können die Zusammenarbeit zwischen pädagogischen Fachkräften und Eltern erschweren. Untersucht werden das Ausmaß der Übereinstimmung zwischen Eltern und Fachkräften, dessen Veränderung nach einer Professionalisierungsmaßnahme sowie der Einfluss von kindlichem Alter, Geschlecht und sozioökonomischem Familienstatus (SÖS) auf die Urteile der Fachkräfte. Zu drei Messzeitpunkten schätzten 22 Fachkräfte und 109 Eltern das Verhalten ihrer Kinder (M = 43,2 Monate, SD = 7,9) mit dem Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ 4–16) ein. Die Übereinstimmungen liegen zwischen ICC = .18 und .45, wobei die Prävalenzangaben der Eltern zwischen 10 und 15 %, die der Fachkräfte zwischen 20 bis 30 % schwanken. Die Einschätzungen konvergieren nach der Professionalisierung nicht. Kinder mit niedrigem SÖS werden als signifikant verhaltensauffälliger eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse werden in den bisherigen Forschungsstand eingeordnet. Ebenso werden Implikationen für eine Spezifizierung des Professionalisierungsangebots zum Themenkomplex Elternarbeit abgeleitet und Limitationen der Untersuchung aufgezeigt.
Visuelle Raumanalyse
Authors: Knauf Helen
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung. Räume und Raumgestaltung sind ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor für Bildungsprozesse auch und insbesondere in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Der Raum ist dabei sowohl Rahmen- und Impulsgeber für pädagogische Prozesse als auch in seiner Gestalt das Ergebnis pädagogischen Denkens und Handelns. Damit ist er auch Ausdruck eines bestimmten Bildes vom Kind, das implizit oder explizit in der Gestaltung des Raumes zum Ausdruck kommt. Der vorliegende Beitrag schlägt ein Verfahren vor, mit dem die Raumgestaltung systematisch beschrieben und analysiert werden kann. Die Visuelle Raumanalyse wird dabei als ein beobachtendes Verfahren der empirischen Sozialforschung beschrieben. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht das Vorgehen beispielhaft anhand eines Krippenraumes.
Heiko Pälike Receives 2016 Asahiko Taira International Scientific Ocean Drilling Research Prize
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2017

Heiko Pälike was awarded the 2016 Asahiko Taira International Scientific Ocean Drilling Research Prize at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The Taira Prize is a partnership between AGU and the Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU) and is made possible through a generous donation from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International (IODP-MI). The prize honors an individual for "outstanding transdisciplinary research accomplishment in ocean drilling."
Integrating Multiscale Seasonal Data for Resource Management
Authors: Richardson Andrew , Weltzin Jake , Morisette Jeffrey
Published: January 2017

Workshop on Phenology at Scales from Individual Plants to Satellite Pixels; Cambridge, Massachusetts, 21–23 June 2016
The Balance of Ice, Waves, and Winds in the Arctic Autumn
Authors: Thomson Jim , Ackley Stephen , Shen Hayley , Rogers W.
Published: January 2017

Although summer sea ice loss in the Arctic is well studied, less is known about how ice comes back in autumn. A new program is changing that.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Integrated Care Settings: Case Examples From Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Williamson Ariel A. , Raglin Bignall Whitney J. , Swift Lauren E. , Hung Anna H. , Power Thomas J. , Robins Paul M. , Mautone Jennifer A.
Published: January 2017

There is a growing recognition that integrated primary care (IPC) services can address longstanding sociodemographic disparities in access to and utilization of behavioral health services. At the same time, there has been increasing attention to the complex ethical and legal considerations that can emerge for psychologists working in these interdisciplinary settings. There are challenging ethical dilemmas that arise when providing services to youth and their caregivers involved in IPC services. Unfortunately, although some ethical guidelines and case illustrations relevant to IPC are available, very few focus on the pediatric IPC context. The purpose of this article is to examine salient ethical and legal dilemmas that may emerge in pediatric IPC practice. These issues are examined through the use of 4 case illustrations that collectively address issues related to consent for services among pediatric populations, confidentiality, scope of practice for the pediatric IPC psychologist, and multiple relationships. We apply an adapted ethical decision-making framework ( Kanzler, Goodie, Hunter, Glotfelter, & Bodart, 2013 ) to highlight practice points drawn from each of these cases. Throughout this article, we reference the American Psychological Association’s 2010 ethics code and 2015 guidelines for primary care practice competencies, while highlighting clinical practice points and directions for future research. We also discuss similarities and differences between the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) and American Medical Association (AMA, 2012) ethics codes and standards of care.
Patient Retention and Engagement in Adolescent Bariatric Surgery Programs: A Review of the Literature and Survey of Programs
Authors: Santos Melissa , Gaffka Bethany J. , Mackey Eleanor
Published: January 2017

Bariatric surgery is becoming an increasingly used tool for the management of severe obesity in youth; however, outcomes after surgery are variable. Keeping adolescents engaged in treatment postsurgery is critical, yet little research has focused on this area. A review of the literature using Pubmed, Ebscohost, and PsycINFO and terms “bariatric surgery,” “gastric bypass,” “gastric band,” “sleeve gastrectomy,” “retention,” “attrition,” “engagement,” and “participation” was conducted. In addition, a survey to the psychologists working with adolescent bariatric surgery programs was conducted. Only 3 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria, demonstrating a significant lack of literature in this area. Age, baseline mood and eating symptoms, Body Mass Index (BMI) and parental history of bariatric surgery were some factors identified as being related to attrition. From the survey, members identified the following as the most common strategies to keep families within treatment: access to providers in between appointments, appointment reminders, and in person support groups. Little work exists focusing on retention, and follow-up for adolescent bariatric surgery patients. This is concerning given that these patients may be at high risk for negative consequences without follow up. This is a critical issue that adolescent bariatric surgery programs should commit to understand better, report findings, and systematically address.
Erratum: Seasonal time bombs: dominant temperate viruses affect Southern Ocean microbial dynamics
Authors: Brum Jennifer R , Hurwitz Bonnie L , Schofield Oscar , Ducklow Hugh W , Sullivan Matthew B
Published: January 2017

Correction to: The ISME Journal (2016) 10, 400–415; doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.121; published online 21 August 2015 Updated online 21 September 2016: This article was originally published under NPG’s License to Publish, but has now been made available under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.
Market forces influence helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding paper wasps
Authors: Grinsted Lena , Field Jeremy
Published: January 2017

Biological market theory is potentially useful for understanding helping behaviour in animal societies. It predicts that competition for trading partners will affect the value of commodities exchanged. It has gained empirical support in cooperative breeders, where subordinates help dominant breeders in exchange for group membership, but so far without considering one crucial aspect: outside options. We find support for a biological market in paper wasps,Polistes dominula. We first show that females have a choice of cooperative partners. Second, by manipulating entire subpopulations in the field, we increase the supply of outside options for subordinates, freeing up suitable nesting spots and providing additional nesting partners. We predicted that by intensifying competition for help, our manipulation would force dominants to accept a lower price for group membership. As expected, subordinates reduce their foraging effort following our treatments. We conclude that to accurately predict the amount of help provided, social units cannot be viewed in isolation: the surrounding market must also be considered.
Telomeres in ICF syndrome cells are vulnerable to DNA damage due to elevated DNA:RNA hybrids
Authors: Sagie Shira , Toubiana Shir , Hartono Stella R. , Katzir Hagar , Tzur-Gilat Aya , Havazelet Shany , Francastel Claire , Velasco Guillaume , Chédin Frédéric , Selig Sara
Published: January 2017

DNA:RNA hybrids, nucleic acid structures with diverse physiological functions, can disrupt genome integrity when dysregulated. Human telomeres were shown to form hybrids with the lncRNA TERRA, yet the formation and distribution of these hybrids among telomeres, their regulation and their cellular effects remain elusive. Here we predict and confirm in several human cell types that DNA:RNA hybrids form at many subtelomeric and telomeric regions. We demonstrate that ICF syndrome cells, which exhibit short telomeres and elevated TERRA levels, are enriched for hybrids at telomeric regions throughout the cell cycle. Telomeric hybrids are associated with high levels of DNA damage at chromosome ends in ICF cells, which are significantly reduced with overexpression of RNase H1. Our findings suggest that abnormally high TERRA levels in ICF syndrome lead to accumulation of telomeric hybrids that, in turn, can result in telomeric dysfunction.
Snf1-related kinase improves cardiac mitochondrial efficiency and decreases mitochondrial uncoupling
Authors: Rines Amy K. , Chang Hsiang-Chun , Wu Rongxue , Sato Tatsuya , Khechaduri Arineh , Kouzu Hidemichi , Shapiro Jason , Shang Meng , Burke Michael A. , Abdelwahid Eltyeb , Jiang Xinghang , Chen Chunlei , Rawlings Tenley A. , Lopaschuk Gary D. , Schumacker Paul T. , Abel E. Dale , Ardehali Hossein
Published: January 2017

Ischaemic heart disease limits oxygen and metabolic substrate availability to the heart, resulting in tissue death. Here, we demonstrate that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related protein Snf1-related kinase (SNRK) decreases cardiac metabolic substrate usage and mitochondrial uncoupling, and protects against ischaemia/reperfusion. Hearts from transgenic mice overexpressing SNRK have decreased glucose and palmitate metabolism and oxygen consumption, but maintained power and function. They also exhibit decreased uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and mitochondrial uncoupling. Conversely, Snrk knockout mouse hearts have increased glucose and palmitate oxidation and UCP3. SNRK knockdown in cardiac cells decreases mitochondrial efficiency, which is abolished with UCP3 knockdown. We show that Tribbles homologue 3 (Trib3) binds to SNRK, and downregulates UCP3 through PPARα. Finally, SNRK is increased in cardiomyopathy patients, and SNRK reduces infarct size after ischaemia/reperfusion. SNRK also decreases cardiac cell death in a UCP3-dependent manner. Our results suggest that SNRK improves cardiac mitochondrial efficiency and ischaemic protection.
Superior colliculus neurons encode a visual saliency map during free viewing of natural dynamic video
Authors: White Brian J. , Berg David J. , Kan Janis Y. , Marino Robert A. , Itti Laurent , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: January 2017

Models of visual attention postulate the existence of a saliency map whose function is to guide attention and gaze to the most conspicuous regions in a visual scene. Although cortical representations of saliency have been reported, there is mounting evidence for a subcortical saliency mechanism, which pre-dates the evolution of neocortex. Here, we conduct a strong test of the saliency hypothesis by comparing the output of a well-established computational saliency model with the activation of neurons in the primate superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure associated with attention and gaze, while monkeys watched video of natural scenes. We find that the activity of SC superficial visual-layer neurons (SCs), specifically, is well-predicted by the model. This saliency representation is unlikely to be inherited from fronto-parietal cortices, which do not project to SCs, but may be computed in SCs and relayed to other areas via tectothalamic pathways.
Newborn chicks show inherited variability in early social predispositions for hen-like stimuli
Authors: Versace Elisabetta , Fracasso Ilaria , Baldan Gabriele , Dalle Zotte Antonella , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: January 2017

Predispositions of newborn vertebrates to preferentially attend to living beings and learn about them are pervasive. Their disturbance (e.g. in neonates at risk for autism), may compromise the proper development of a social brain. The genetic bases of such predispositions are unknown. We use the well-known visual preferences of newly-hatched chicks (Gallus gallus) for the head/neck region of the hen to investigate the presence of segregating variation in the predispositions to approach a stuffed hen vs. a scrambled version of it. We compared the spontaneous preferences of three breeds maintained genetically isolated for at least eighteen years while identically raised. Visually-naïve chicks of all breeds (Padovana, Polverara and Robusta maculata) showed the same initial preference for the predisposed stimulus, suggesting that the direction of the initial preference might be genetically fixed. A few minutes later though, striking differences emerged between breeds, which could indicate different strategies of dealing with affiliative objects: while the Polverara breed maintained a constant preference across the entire test, the Padovana and Robusta breeds progressively explored the alternative stimulus more. We hence documented the presence of inherited genetic variability in the expression of early social predispositions in interaction with environmental stimuli.
Increase of the Antarctic Sea Ice Extent is highly significant only in the Ross Sea
Authors: Yuan Naiming , Ding Minghu , Ludescher Josef , Bunde Armin
Published: January 2017

In the context of global warming, the question of why Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) has increased is one of the most fundamental unsolved mysteries. Although many mechanisms have been proposed, it is still unclear whether the increasing trend is anthropogenically originated or only caused by internal natural variability. In this study, we employ a new method where the underlying natural persistence in the Antarctic SIE can be correctly accounted for. We find that the Antarctic SIE is not simply short-term persistent as assumed in the standard significance analysis, but actually characterized by a combination of both short- and long-term persistence. By generating surrogate data with the same persistence properties, the SIE trends over Antarctica (as well as five sub-regions) are evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations. It is found that the SIE trends over most sub-regions of Antarctica are not statistically significant. Only the SIE over Ross Sea has experienced a highly significant increasing trend (p = 0.008) which cannot be explained by natural variability. Influenced by the positive SIE trend over Ross Sea, the SIE over the entire Antarctica also increased over the past decades, but the trend is only at the edge of being significant (p = 0.034).
Selection of reference genes is critical for miRNA expression analysis in human cardiac tissue. A focus on atrial fibrillation
Authors: Masè Michela , Grasso Margherita , Avogaro Laura , D’Amato Elvira , Tessarolo Francesco , Graffigna Angelo , Denti Michela Alessandra , Ravelli Flavia
Published: January 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of complex biological processes in several cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction is a powerful technique to quantitatively assess miRNA expression profile, but reliable results depend on proper data normalization by suitable reference genes. Despite the increasing number of studies assessing miRNAs in cardiac disease, no consensus on the best reference genes has been reached. This work aims to assess reference genes stability in human cardiac tissue with a focus on AF investigation. We evaluated the stability of five reference genes (U6, SNORD48, SNORD44, miR-16, and 5S) in atrial tissue samples from eighteen cardiac-surgery patients in sinus rhythm and AF. Stability was quantified by combining BestKeeper, delta-Cq, GeNorm, and NormFinder statistical tools. All methods assessed SNORD48 as the best and U6 as the worst reference gene. Applications of different normalization strategies significantly impacted miRNA expression profiles in the study population. Our results point out the necessity of a consensus on data normalization in AF studies to avoid the emergence of divergent biological conclusions.