bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assessment of Calf Muscle Volume, Strength, and Quality After Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair: A 1-Year Prospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Mashimo Shota , Nozaki Taiki , Amaha Kentaro , Tanaka Keita , Kubota Junya , Sato Hiroyuki , Kitamura Nobuto
Published: November 2023

Background:

A number of studies have reported that calf muscle atrophy is a common long-term problem after Achilles tendon repair; however, there is still a lack of data concerning early postoperative morphological changes in the calf muscle after surgery.

Purpose:

To investigate changes over time in calf muscle volume and fatty degeneration during 1 year after Achilles tendon repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A prospective 1-year serial magnetic resonance imaging study was carried out with 20 patients who underwent tendon repair for unilateral acute Achilles tendon rupture. The magnetic resonance imaging assessment in addition to clinical and functional evaluations was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The muscle volume of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and fatty degeneration of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and soleus were measured for the calf muscles, and the relative volume and fatty degeneration changes in the affected leg compared with the healthy contralateral leg were calculated as a percentage ([injured/healthy control] × 100) to assess structural changes over time.

Results:

Muscle volumes of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and FHL were 92.3%, 92.8%, 84.6%, and 95.9% at 12 months after surgery, respectively. Medial and lateral gastrocnemius and FHL muscle volumes improved over time and recovered to almost equal to that of the healthy side at 12 months after surgery. The soleus muscle volume did not recover significantly over time and was statistically significantly smaller than that of the healthy side at 12 months ( P = .029). Fatty degeneration rates of the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus were 118.2%, 113.9% and 121.1% at 12 months after surgery, respectively. Fatty degeneration of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius did not change significantly, but there was a statistically significant increase in fatty degeneration of the soleus over time ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Within the triceps surae muscle, the soleus was the most negatively affected by injury and repair for both muscle volume and fatty degeneration. Postoperative management to recover the soleus muscle function before a return to sporting activities should be considered in the future.
Glimpses from Indian Naval History: Geography of Seafaring and Mythography of Prohibitions
Authors: Vanina Eugenia
Published: November 2023

Many dharmaśāstra texts, starting from the most famous, the Manusmr+ti, declare sea voyage to be sinful and polluting for a Hindu. At the same time, from remote antiquity, Hindus from various castes, including Brahmans, had actively traversed the seas to the west, south and east of India for the purposes of trade, war, spiritual guidance, adventures and so on. This article seeks to review the geography of ancient and mediaeval Indian seafaring (in which Hindus played a significant role) and, more importantly, to discover why, in colonial India, the notion of sea travel being prohibited to Hindus became widely established, so that the descendants of the merchants who had operated from Aden to the Indonesian and Chinese ports would excommunicate their young caste fellows who desirous to study abroad.
Perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic versus open versus robotic partial nephrectomy: Current Review
Authors: Wong Ruby , Patel Bijendra , Biyani Chandra Shekhar
Published: November 2023

Background:

Surgical treatment of small renal tumours remain gold-standard for individuals who are suitable candidates. Over the last decade, minimally invasive surgery has provided significant advancements within the field of urological surgery. However, there is still a debate on which surgical modality is superior. This study aims to review the current literature on perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic (LPN), open (OPN) and robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) using the standardised system, Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC).

Methods:

A literature search was performed on Cochrane, Embase and PubMed databases. Articles between January 2016 and December 2021 were included. Perioperative outcomes investigated include estimated blood loss (EBL), operating time (OT), conversion rate (CR), warm ischaemia time (WIT), positive surgical margin (PSM) and postoperative complications using CDC. Relevant pieces of literatures were analysed and data were extracted.

Results:

This study included 12 studies, with a total of 3908 patients. (LPN = 1120, OPN = 1206 and RPN = 1580). LPN demonstrated a lower overall EBL ( p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between OT ( p = 0.291), CR ( p = 0.200), WIT ( p = 0.760), PSM ( p = 0.549), CDC I ( p = 0.556), CDC II ( p = 0.779) and CDC⩾III ( p = 0.663) of the three surgical approaches.

Conclusion:

Compared with OPN and RPN, LPN demonstrated a lower EBL. All other perioperative outcomes demonstrated similar results between the three treatment modalities. Future large-scale, prospective, randomised studies is necessary to draw a definitive conclusion from this analysis.
Research on ultrasonic assisted press-fit assembly of small interference fits
Authors: Wang Xingyuan , Xu Chonglin , Wang Yue , Lin Tian , Lou Zhifeng
Published: November 2023

Interference fits are widely used in aerospace, precision instruments and other fields. Press-fit assembly is one of the traditional assembly methods for interference fitting parts. Wear during assembly will affect the performance of interference components and the service life of marine equipment. Ultrasonic assisted press-fit can significantly reduce the press-mounting force of an interference fit. However, its effect on connection quality is rarely studied. The mechanism of ultrasonic assisted press-fit is unclear. In this paper, ultrasonic assisted press-fit was simulated and experimentally studied. The effects of ultrasonic vibration on heat generation, press-mounting force, connection strength, and interface wear were analyzed and discussed. Through analogy analysis with similar ultrasonic assisted machining processes, the mechanism of ultrasonic assisted press-fit was revealed. The results show that the superimposed ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the joining force (up to 33.5%), and increase the connection coefficient from 10% to 40%. This is due to stress superposition, friction reduction and acoustic softening that reduces interface wear. The increase of the interface roughness Rz from 3.681 to 4.586 μm confirms this analysis. Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration can effectively reduce the material plastic flow of contact interface. This study reveals the significant advantages of ultrasonic assisted press-fit assembly (UAPA) method and provided a basis to understand the underlying mechanisms of UAPA.
Evaluation of metallurgical and mechanical properties of 12 mm thick aerospace grade MDN 250 steel by plasma ARC welding technique
Authors: Arunprakash R , Manikandan M
Published: November 2023

Carbon-free nickel alloy maraging steel has high demand in manufacturing aerospace vehicles and hypersonic missiles. Due to the absence of carbon and the strengthening of intermetallic precipitates, maraging steel can attain high strength and toughness with ductility. This material has enormous weldability in both annealed and post-weld heat-treated (PWHT) conditions. During high-thickness sections, the heat flow rate and the number of passes were found to be redundant. The existence of reverted austenite (RA) has been identified because prolonged aging also has an impact on the mechanical characteristics of the weldment. The present research demonstrates the characterization of plasma arc welded (PAW) maraging steel MDN 250 in welded and PWHT conditions. The weldments were subjected to three types of heat treatment, namely, (i) Subsequent Aging (TA), (ii) Solution treating + Subsequent Aging (STA), and (iii) Homogenizing + Solution treating + Subsequent Aging (HTA). This study also emphasizes the importance of precipitates and RA in affecting the strength and toughness of welded joints. The HTA treatment solely helps to eliminate the RA from the weldment. The microstructural study depicts the formation of reverted austenite in the TA condition. The reverted austenite has not been found in the microstructure under HTA conditions. The EBSD (Electron backscatter diffraction) analysis has resulted that the RA has been eliminated. The EDS (Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis shows that segregation of the enriched alloys has been effectively lowered in HTA condition. Compared to the other weldments’ mechanical characterization, the HTA condition gives supremacy results. The average ultimate tensile strength of 1830 MPa has been achieved in HTA condition, with a yield strength of 1809 MPa. The average fracture toughness results of 88.3 MPa√ m was obtained in HTA condition. The work display of PAW (Plasma Arc Welding) is capable of meeting all of the requirements for welding maraging steel in high-thickness sections.
Dynamic response of bionic non-convex tubes with proportional distribution of bulkhead
Authors: Liang Rui , Xu Fengxiang , Zhu Yifan , Liu Xiang , Mo Lirong , Liu Na
Published: November 2023

Non-convex tubes that have superior energy absorption potential may expand and deform unstable during impact, limiting energy absorption. The bamboo node can strengthen bamboo by resisting expansion. Therefore, bulkhead proportional distribution of bionic non-convex (BPDBN) tubes, an integrator of them, may present more efficient energy absorption performance. This research proposed to investigate the effect of geometrical parameters on the crashworthiness characteristics of BPDBN tubes. The position of bulkheads was assumed to vary according to the positive proportional function primarily determined by proportional coefficient k. The dynamic response was evaluated by the initial peak force (IPF), specific energy absorption (SEA), and crush force efficiency (CFE). Multi-objective optimization method was utilized to further improve the energy absorption performance. The optimal design lowered the IPF (34.00%), increased the SEA (37.16%) and the CFE (42.95%). This paper emphasizes that optimizing the geometrical parameters and the bulkhead distance proportion can significantly improve the crashworthiness performance of BPDBN tubes.
Evaluation of the transient performance of a two-stage hybrid boosting system for spark ignition engines
Authors: Usai Vittorio , Marelli Silvia
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates a two-stage hybrid boosting system aimed at minimizing the delay in torque delivery that commonly characterizes turbocharged engines. Turbo-lag, particularly at low loads, reduces drivability, making the vehicle less competitive in the market. However, turbocharging is currently a simple and effective way of achieving high levels of specific power and efficiency, making its application mandatory. Hybridizing the turbocharging system by integrating a conventional turbocharger with an electrically assisted compressor can offer a solution to mitigate turbo-lag. The high dynamic response of the e-compressor significantly reduces time-to-boost, thus improving the engine’s response to load changes. This work presents the hybrid configuration with reference to a specific experimental campaign conducted on the University of Genoa’s test bench for components of propulsion system. The main results are presented, focusing on the boost pressure dynamic response during transient operations, highlighting the system’s behavior in various conditions and the benefits obtained by adopting an e-compressor in terms of time-to-boost. Furthermore, the experimental tests allow for the evaluation of the e-compressor electric power consumption under different operating conditions. The experimental results are then used as a reference to build a 1D model in GT-Power, reducing costs and time related to the experimental campaign while validating the data measured on the test bench.
The Development of Values in Middle Childhood: Five Maturation Criteria
Authors: Knafo-Noam Ariel , Daniel Ella , Benish-Weisman Maya
Published: November 2023

Values, abstract motivational goals—guides for the right and wrong, the desirable and undesirable—relate to many important attitudes and behaviors. Although meaningful understanding of values exists already at age 5, most developmental value research has focused on adolescence. Not enough is known about what happens to children’s values during middle childhood, the period between these two life stages. We propose five criteria for value maturation, reflecting key cognitive and social advances in this period: (a) that children’s value coherence increasingly reflects the motivational associations among values and that, with age, values become increasingly (b) abstract (c) consistent, (d) stable, and (e) related to behavior. Values undergo profound developmental changes during middle childhood indicating that, the importance of adolescence notwithstanding, middle childhood is crucial for value maturation.
Toward a fine-grained understanding of informality: Subjective meanings, perceptions, and expectations in informal housing trajectories
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco , Caramaschi Sara , Grazioli Margherita
Published: November 2023

This article focuses on the role of subjective meanings in the production of informal housing. It argues that, although individual and family meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations have usually been overlooked in studies on urban informality, their analysis is fundamental for a sophisticated understanding of the genesis, features, and developing trajectories of informal housing. To this end, the article investigates the informalization process of temporary self-promoted housing units (the so-called casette, i.e. “little houses”) built in the aftermath of the 2009 earthquake in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. Although it is exceptional, the phenomenon of the casette illuminates several traits of other informal housing practices. Thus, it offers two interrelated conceptual insights for a deeper, fine-grained understanding of the varied ontologies of housing informality. First, it illustrates the concurrence of simultaneous drivers, differing in nature (e.g. subjective and objective, structural and agency-related, micro and macro) at the root of the production of informal space, where a key role is also played by inhabitants’ meanings, aspirations, perceptions, and expectations. Second, it shows that informality is not a fixed and unambiguous state. On the contrary, it is a field traversed by intertwined forces in a perpetual state of tension, so that a housing unit can move through different shades of (il)legality entailing varied combinations of subjective and objective drivers.
Mindfulness-based Interventions as a Breakthrough on Occupational Stress of Working Professionals: A Trilogical Approach
Authors: Dinesh Tantri Keerthi , Shetty Ankitha
Published: November 2023

Occupational stress is increasingly recognized as contributing to the deterioration of employees’ productivity and overall performance. Emerging research interest has gained significance in mindfulness in the workplace. Within this body of knowledge, research investigating the effects of mindfulness interventions on employee health and well-being has substantial practical implications for organizations. The current bibliometric study investigates the research landscape of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in the workplace as a breakthrough in occupational stress. The present research study aims to fill the gap in the literature by conducting a scientific and bibliometric mapping of occupational stress in employees, using a methodological trilogy with the application of SMART, Prisma and R bibliometric tools. The analysis focuses on the different trends implanted in using various keywords, authors and journals. A total of N = 642 data consisting of peer-reviewed articles were retrieved from the Scopus database.

Research is carried out based on an average citation of 17.44 per document; the research also shows an average citation of 3.632 per year per document. This study fosters to provide an overview of the trends in journals, popular author keywords, authors and country collaboration with the respective source impact, which helps to provide information for researchers in the field of MBIs at the workplace that will set a futuristic potential to propel further with mindfulness training programmes at workplace, thus mitigating the stress levels and improving the well-being of the employees. Advancing scientific understanding by researching MBIs for occupational stress contributes to the body of knowledge of psychology, organizational behaviour and occupational health.
A Bibliometric Research Trend Analysis on Emerging Technology in the Textile Industry
Authors: Hira Fariha Anjum , Alam Md Moshiul
Published: November 2023

Textile industry research and practices must comprehend the state-of-the-art digital transformation to effectively coordinate future research efforts in this rapidly growing field of study. Thus, the current study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on the textile industry’s digital transformation. A total of 324 publications were assessed using the bibliometric analysis tools VOSviewer and the R package Bibliometrix. Articles were analyzed for author contributions, citation counts, trending scientific journals, keywords, academic affiliations, and country affiliations, as well as to identify the overall research trend in these fields since 2001. The evidence demonstrates that the United Kingdom, the United States, and China are the top three major nations, as reflected by the annual number of publications. The thematic network analysis indicates that in Industry 4.0, innovations such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, COVID-19, and sustainability are playing the role of push factor toward the digital transformation of the textile industry. The article concludes with a plea for more research.
Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Emerging Asian Economies
Authors: Dua Pami , Verma Neha
Published: November 2023

This article examines the role of domestic and global factors in driving foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Asian emerging economies. Conventional panel estimations do not adequately account for the interdependence among countries caused by common global shocks and spatial effects. This article, employing a novel technique, augments the panel cointegration estimations with a proxy for unobserved common factors extracted from the augmented mean group regression. Our estimations control for nonstationarity, endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneity. Based on the data of six Asian emerging economies from 2000Q1 to 2019Q4, we find a significant impact of both push (global) and pull (domestic) factors in attracting FDI. Our policy implication suggests the sequential opening of the capital account with capital controls and macroprudential regulations in place.

JEL Codes: F21, F30, F41
‘One Eye for Worship and One Eye for Entertainment’: Engaging with Islam in Hyderabad’s Production Locations
Authors: Faseeh Eda Kandiyil Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Hyderabadi cinema or Deccani cinema refers to films produced in the South Indian city of Hyderabad in the Deccani language, and the Muslim-dominated region of the city serves as its narrative centre. Combining interviews and field notes from ethnographic data, this piece reflects on the perspectives of Muslim filmmakers in Hyderabad on their everyday practices of Islam and filmmaking. In the Indian context, where language acts as an adjective for film, these Deccani films are produced in a language similar to Urdu, which is popular among various Muslim communities in South India. Too small to call an industry, this production culture developed in close proximity to the Telugu film industry, one of the leading film industries in India, which has its capital placed in the same city of Hyderabad. Based on ethnographic fieldwork undertaken between December 2021 and November 2022, this article takes the reader to Sensation Insomnia, a movie theatre in Hyderabad that acts as a major production location for multiple low-budget films made after the pandemic. While travelling through production locations with Siraj Ahmed, one of the leading producers and exhibitors of Hyderabadi cinema, and conversing with some actors and crew members from Hyderabadi films, in this fieldwork piece, I try to understand how they view their Muslimness and their engagement of film production as Muslims in the context of Islamic principles and everyday acts.
Between Rewards and Risks: India as Host of the 2023 G20 Summit
Authors: Cooper Andrew F.
Published: November 2023

India’s hosting of the 2023 G20 summit presents a number of serious tests. Taking on the presidency of the G20 offers India the prospect of enormous rewards related to an enhanced role in world politics. As this article lays out, however, the hosting function exposes India to risks of three types relating to organisational capacity and status. The highest profile of these risks comes from the changing external environment under which the New Delhi G20 will meet, set against a background of complicating geopolitical tensions. Moreover, beyond the highly charged stakes attached to this shifting external context, the basic organisational responsibilities of holding the presidency of the G20 in New Delhi present a second serious challenge. The hosting function comes with enormous logistical issues that are especially sensitive for India in terms of peer status. Hosting a global summit of this type—that is to say, an institution constructed without the cushion of legitimacy attached to formal international organisations—is also complicated by India’s self-identity. Performing the role of host conveys a message of India’s equality of peer status vis-à-vis the other structurally important members in the G20. Nonetheless, in playing up this (insider) side of India’s identity, the other side of India’s (outsider) identity that privileges India’s solidarity with the Global South and the privileging of aspirational multilateralism through the United Nations (UN) is potentially compromised. My article has two intertwined purposes. On the one hand, it examines the major tests that exist for India regarding the contextual, procedural, and institutional meaning dynamics of the G20, analysing the differentiated nature and implications of each of these challenges in turn. On the other hand, the article offers some insights concerning the techniques of how India has either addressed (or could address) the three tests and so ensure a positive reception for the summit process.
Spike of Motorbike Accidents in Bangladesh: An Emerging Public Health Concern
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul , Sheoti Isna Haque
Published: November 2023

The on-road traffic accident is a significant public health concern for Bangladesh, impeding the country’s way to building safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and human settlements. On-road accidents and causalities doubled in the country between 2011 and 2020, and it increased by 30% in 2021, a shifting pattern of traffic accidents with an increasing number of motorbike accidents. The fatalities by motorcycle traffic accidents were only 4% in 1995 and rose substantially to 35% in 2021, and the situation has been more alarming during the festivals, especially Eid in Bangladesh.
Filipino Americans’ Social and Cultural Experiences of Type 2 Diabetes Management: Cultural Paradox, Ownership, and Success Definition
Authors: Tolentino Dante Anthony , Brynes Mary E.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects Filipino Americans, they have not received much attention in the literature. Focusing on how Filipino Americans’ social and cultural contextual experiences affect their self-management is critical. This study examined T2DM self-management among Filipino Americans by describing their sociocultural experiences, strategies, and significance of self-management.

Method:

An interpretive descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist.

Results:

Filipino Americans ( n = 19) with T2DM were interviewed. Three themes emerged: (a) cultural paradox of being Filipino American, (b) movement from invisibility to ownership of T2DM, and (c) definition of successful management of T2DM.

Conclusion:

Results contribute to a greater understanding of Filipino Americans’ T2DM self-management experiences. Implications include the provision of culturally congruent health care, being aware of Filipino Americans’ sociocultural experiences, and involvement of family/community.
Empathy or Apathy? How Capital Constraints Mediate the Efficacy of Experiential Poverty Simulations in the Classroom
Authors: Archambault Caroline , Verduijn Geerte
Published: November 2023

Background: University teachers in various fields have turned to the experiential tool of poverty simulations to help prepare students to work effectively and ethically with people living in poverty. Their efficacy is reportedly mixed. While several studies claim positive results on student knowledge, skills, and attitudes, others highlight risks of creating apathy and otherness. Purpose: This study explores why simulations run the risk of going wrong and what can be done to make them more effective. Methodology/Approach: To explore how student dispositions may have an important mediating effect, author 1 implemented a 6-week poverty simulation in her poverty course on five different cohorts of Liberal Arts and Science undergraduate students in the Netherlands. We study closely their experiences throughout the simulation through classroom observations and discussions, interviews, and questionnaires. Findings/Conclusions: We find that their heightened sense of agency and taken-for-granted economic, cultural, social, and human capital mediate their experience and learning. Implications: To be effective ethical learning tools, especially for students of privilege, poverty simulations should be designed so that students reflect on their privilege. This is best done when simulations are run in such a way that there is time to experience mistakes, and learn from peers/teachers.
The Themes Present in the Qualitative Portion of the Student Evaluation of Teachers with Emphasis on the Differences in Themes among the Sex and Academic Rank of Faculty Members in a State University in the Philippines
Authors: Naz Gremil Alessandro Alcazar
Published: November 2023

This paper identified the themes present in the comments of the students of a state university in the Philippines in the qualitative portion of the student evaluation of teachers (SET) for two semesters, one before the pandemic and the other during the pandemic. Thematic analysis revealed the following themes present: (a) general positive comments, (b) general negative comments, (c) expressions of gratitude, (d) wishes and greetings to the teacher, (e) positive comments on teaching method, (f) negative comments on teaching method, (g) positive comments on teachers’ demeanor, and (h) negative comments on teachers’ demeanor. There were no differences in the themes between male and female teachers and among instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors. Similarly, there were no differences found in the themes identified before and during the pandemic. The thematic analysis showed that many students made only general comments that were not helpful at all in improving teaching effectiveness. Thus, it is recommended that in the SET instrument, instruction should be given to students to make their comments specific so that teachers will know what exact things they are doing well or not. Knowing these will help improve their teaching. It was noted that there were numerous negative comments on the teachers' teaching methods and demeanor. Hence, it is recommended that the university craft intervention measures that will acquaint teachers with the various methods of teaching, considering that at the tertiary level, many teachers are not education majors trained in pedagogy. In addition, seminars and workshops regarding teacher demeanor are suggested.
The Intersectional Role-(In) Congruity Effects of Age and Gender on Leadership Evaluations
Authors: Thrasher Gregory R. , Rudolph Cort W. , Hammond Michelle M.
Published: November 2023

Over the past decades, the Western workforce has experienced two notable demographic shifts: there has been an increase in the percentage of women occupying leadership roles and the workforce is aging. Considering these two trends in unison, it would be intuitive that the future workforce will be defined by an increasingly age and gender-diverse group of leaders. However, although the general percentage of female leaders has increased, this percentage decreases sharply in upper leadership and executive roles. The current theory on barriers to female leadership ascension contains conflicting propositions and has largely examined gender issues in isolation from other factors (i.e., age stereotypes). We aim to create consensus across the literature on age and gender-based leader prototypes by investigating intersectional role-congruity bias as a predictor of barriers to career advancement for age and gender-diverse individuals. We integrate fundamental propositions from role congruity theory within an intersectional framework to examine the joint influence that age- and gender-based agentic-communal role norms exert on leadership evaluations. Through the application of experimental vignette methodology across two studies ( N 1 = 163, N 2 = 466), our results suggest that (a) the positive effect of age on leadership prototypicality is attenuated for women, (b) traditional biases associated with female leadership are dependent upon age, and (c) male leaders receive a consistent and age-dependent bonus in ratings when displaying gender atypical communal behaviors. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Development of the Hogan Personality Content Single-Items Inventory
Authors: Wood Dustin , Harms P. D. , Sherman Ryne A. , Boudreaux Michael , Lowman Graham H. , Hogan Robert
Published: November 2023

The Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI) and Hogan Developmental Survey (HDS) are among the most widely used and extensively well-validated personality inventories for organizational applications; however, they are rarely used in basic research. We describe the Hogan Personality Content Single-Items (HPCS) inventory, an inventory designed to measure the 74 content subscales of the HPI and HDS via a single-item each. We provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the HPCS, including item-level retest reliability estimates, both self-other agreement and other-other (or observer) agreement, convergent correlations with the corresponding scales from the full HPI/HDS instruments, and analyze how similarly the HPCS and full HPI/HDS instruments relate to other variables. We discuss situations where administering the HPCS may have certain advantages and disadvantages relative to the full HPI and HDS. We also discuss how the current findings contribute to an emerging picture of best practices for the development and use of inventories consisting of single-item scales.
Shell Versus Core Architecture and Biology of Thrombi in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mereuta Oana Madalina , Agarwal Tamanna , Ghozy Sherief , Dai Daying , Arul Santhosh , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F. , Kadirvel Ram
Published: November 2023

Background

The presence of an outer shell has been recently described as a common feature of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) thrombi. We performed a systematic review of the current literature on shell genesis, structure, and clinical significance.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting the composition and structure of AIS thrombi and clot analogs. Identified studies were added to Covidence software for primary screening. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening.

Results

From 1290 identified studies, 10 were included in this review. Studies using histology/immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence described fibrin, platelets, von Willebrand factor, and neutrophil extracellular traps as the main components of the shell. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a dense, compact fibrin/platelet-rich shell, and a core rich in polyhedrocytes. Microfluidics studies identified highly activated P-selectin-positive platelets and fibrin forming the core while secondary agonists adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane, along with loosely packed P-selectin-negative platelets constituted the shell.

Conclusions

The composition, compaction, and integrity of the shell may impact thrombolysis and revascularization outcomes. The preponderance of studies supported this conclusion.
Caregiver Psychological Maltreatment Behaviors Toward Children on TikTok
Authors: Stormer Bri , Chandler-Ofuya Naomi , Baker Amy J. L. , Balin Tara , Brassard Marla R. , Kagan Julia , Rosenzweig Janet F.
Published: November 2023

We examined TikTok user engagement when parents post videos engaging in psychological maltreatment (PM) behaviors towards their children, using the APSAC-endorsed definition of PM. A new TikTok account was created and seeded with PM behavior videos identified previously; similar videos then appeared on the new account’s “For You Page” (an algorithmic feed curated by TikTok). Researchers identified 35 creators who had posted at least one PM behavior video, resulting in their full profile being coded ( N = 2684 videos) for five engagement metrics, presence of children, and presence of PM behavior. Non-parametric paired comparisons (Mann-Whitney tests) were made within individual creators for: (1) engagement metrics before and after the first PM behavior video, (2) engagement metrics for PM behavior videos versus non-PM videos, (3) engagement metrics for child videos versus non-child videos, and (4) proportion of videos containing children before and after the first PM video. All but one analysis was significant (effect sizes from .28 to .59, average r = .46). We discuss directions for future research, as well as how child welfare and content moderation policy can be updated to change social norms around sharenting.
Temporal effect of imatinib adherence on time to remission in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Clark Samantha E. , Marcum Zachary A. , Radich Jerry , Etzioni Ruth , Basu Anirban
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Adherence to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients is estimated to be as low as 70% despite its clinical benefit, and our understanding of the impact of nonadherence in this population is limited. This study presents a novel application of the Alternating Conditional Estimation (ACE) algorithm in newly diagnosed CML patients to map the full dose–response curve (DRC) and determine how the strength of this curve varies over time.

Methods

We applied the ACE algorithm alongside a backward elimination procedure to detect the presence of time dependence and nonlinearity in the relationship between imatinib adherence and time-to-remission. An extended Cox model allowing for the flexible modeling of identified effects via unpenalized B-splines was subsequently fit and assessed.

Results

The substantial improvement in model fit associated with the extended Cox approach suggests that traditional Cox proportional hazards model assumptions do not hold in this setting. Results indicate that the DRC for imatinib is non-linearly increasing, with an attenuated effect above a 74% adherence rate. The strength of this effect on remission varied over time and was strongest in the initial months of treatment, reaching a peak around 90 days post-initiation (log hazard ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.47 to 2.66).

Conclusion

Most patients that achieved remission did so by 4 months (120 days) with consistently high adherence, suggesting that this could be a critical time and duration for realizing treatment benefit and patient monitoring. Findings regarding the relationship between adherence and remission can additionally help guide the design of future studies.
Cat Friendly Practice improves feline visits, resulting in increased laboratory testing and increased diagnosis of certain common feline conditions
Authors: St Denis Kelly , Saffire Ashlie , Michael Helen , Drake Corie , Burton Wade
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Cat Friendly Practices (CFPs) were compared with non-CFP control practices to determine whether CFPs had an increased proportion of clinical visits, number of visits per cat per year and inclusion of diagnostic testing. To measure diagnostic testing behavior, the numbers and types of tests analyzed and clinically relevant findings were compared.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis comparing CFPs and non-CFPs, clinic financial data and associated diagnostic tests from a commercial laboratory for 2018 and 2021 were analyzed. Data were stratified based on visit type and included revenue per visit type, revenue per patient, the number of visits per year and the proportion of visits that included diagnostic testing. Analyses of clinical findings for June 2021 to June 2022 examined clinical findings associated with biochemistry, complete blood count, urinalysis and thyroid testing categories at diagnostic patient visits, the proportion of clinical visits in which each finding was observed, the volume of testing categories as a proportion of clinical visits, and the proportion of diagnostic visits with one, two, three or four testing categories.

Results

The average revenue per feline visit and visits that included diagnostic testing were higher at CFPs. There was no difference in the proportion of wellness visits; however, CFPs had higher mean visits per year per patient. CFPs performed diagnostic testing at 12% more clinical visits, and had higher annual revenue per feline patient for all visits and for visits including diagnostic testing. CFPs had higher odds of patients having >1 visit that included bloodwork or urinalysis. They were more likely to include all four testing categories and less likely to include only one category at a diagnostic visit. CFPs identified a higher number of cats with clinical findings.

Conclusions and relevance

CFPs exhibited unique diagnostic testing behavior by performing more diagnostic tests more frequently and identifying a higher number of cats with abnormal findings.
Why Did Home Care Personal Support Service Volumes Drop During the COVID-19 Pandemic? The Contributions of Client Choice and Personal Support Worker Availability
Authors: King Emily C , Zagrodney Katherine AP , Rabeenthira Prakathesh , Van Belle Travis A , McKay Sandra M
Published: November 2023

Home care personal support service delivery decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and qualitative studies have suggested many potential contributors to these reductions. This paper provides insight into the source (client or provider) of reductions in home care service volumes early in the pandemic through analysis of a retrospective administrative dataset from a large provider organization. The percentage of authorized services not delivered was 17.2% in Wave 1, 12.6% in Wave 2 and 10.5% in Wave 3, nearing the pre-pandemic baseline of 8.9%. The dominant contribution to reduced home care service volumes was client-initiated holds and cancellations, collectively accounting for 99.3% of the service volume; missed care visits by the provider accounted for 0.7%. Worker availability also declined due to long-term absences (which increased 5-fold early in Wave 1 and remained 4× above baseline in Waves 2 and 3); short-term absences rose sharply for 6 early-pandemic weeks, then dropped below the pre-pandemic baseline. These data reveal that service volume reductions were primarily driven by client-initiated holds and cancellations; despite unprecedented decreases in Personal Support Worker availability, missed care did not increase, indicating that the decrease in demand was more substantial and occurred earlier than the decrease in worker availability.
Academic explanatory journalism and emerging COVID-19 science: how social media accounts amplify The Conversation’s preprint coverage
Authors: Fleerackers Alice , Riedlinger Michelle , Bruns Axel , Burgess Jean
Published: November 2023

This article examines the public communication of COVID-19-related ‘preprints’ (unreviewed research studies) in a digital media environment. To understand how preprint research flows from preprint server, to media story, to social media audience, we analysed engagement with ‘second-order citations’ – social media posts linking to media coverage of research – using a sample of 41 media stories published by the research amplifier platform The Conversation (TC) that mentioned preprint research during the early months of the pandemic. We applied content analyses to the Facebook and Twitter accounts sharing these stories and analysed the engagement that the posts received. We found that TC stories mentioning preprints were shared among a diverse collection of Facebook and Twitter accounts, providing a second layer of social media amplification of preprint research. Still, posts by a small proportion of ‘elite’ actors – people with prominent roles in media and communications, politics or academia – tended to generate more engagement.
The structural and convergent validity of the FMS2 assessment tool among 8- to 12-year-old children
Authors: Gavigan Nathan , Belton Sarahjane , Britton Una , Dalton Shane , Issartel Johann
Published: November 2023

Although there is a plethora of tools available to assess children's movement competence (MC), the literature suggests that many have significant limitations (e.g. not being practical for use in many ‘real-world’ settings). The FMS2 assessment tool has recently been developed as a targeted solution to many of the existing barriers preventing practitioners from utilising MC assessments. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural and convergent validity of this new tool among 8- to 12-year-old Irish primary school children. As part of this study, 102 children (56.8% female, mean = 9.8 years) were assessed using the FMS2, the Test of Gross Motor Development (3rd edition) (TGMD-3) (short version) and the Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™). Structural validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The convergent validity between the FMS2, the TGMD-3 (short version) and the FMS™ was investigated using the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient. Results of CFA for the FMS2 indicate a good fit model, supporting a three-factor structure (locomotor, object manipulation, and stability). Additional findings indicate a moderate, positive correlation between the FMS2 and the TGMD-3 (short version) ( r = 0.66), with a low, positive correlation between the FMS2 and the FMS™ ( r = 0.48). This study presents the first preliminary findings to suggest that the FMS2 may be a versatile, time-efficient, and ecologically valid tool to measure children's MC in multiple settings (e.g. research, education, sport, athletic therapy, and physiotherapy). Future research should also seek to continue to implement this solution, consolidate the existing validity findings with a larger and more diverse sample, and further explore the feasibility of the tool in ‘real-world’ settings.
Analysis and design of a novel segmented energy absorbing steel plate shear wall system
Authors: Majd Nafiseh S , Lui Eric M
Published: November 2023

A steel plate shear wall (SPSW) system capable of providing strength and stiffness under normal load conditions and dissipating energy under extreme load conditions is proposed. The infill plate of this proposed Segmented Energy Absorbing SPSW (SEA-SPSW) system consists of two trapezoidal plate segments. For each plate segment, one edge is connected to the beam while the opposite edge is joined together by steel strips. The steel strips are held together using high strength bolts with long-slotted holes. Under normal load conditions, the SEA-SPSW behaves like a conventional SPSW. However, under extreme load conditions, the plate segments will slide between the steel strips and dissipate energy through friction. Because the proposed system does not rely on yielding or buckling to dissipate energy, it can be reset and reused after a severe load event. The behavior of this SEA-SPSW is studied using finite element and compared to an all steel conventional SPSW system. It is found that the proposed system not only helps reduce inter-story displacement, it also offers a desirable equivalent viscous damping ratio as well as a rather favorable energy dissipation to mass ratio.
Surgical complications requiring late surgical revisions after pancreatoduodenectomy increase postoperative morbidity and mortality
Authors: Biesel Esther A. , Kuesters Simon , Chikhladze Sophia , Ruess Dietrich A. , Hipp Julian , Hopt Ulrich T. , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Wittel Uwe A.
Published: November 2023

Background:

Pancreatoduodenectomies are complex surgical procedures with considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe complications and outcomes in patients requiring surgical revisions following pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods:

A total of 1048 patients undergoing a pancreatoduodenectomy at our institution between 2002 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients with surgical revisions were included. Revisions were divided into early and late using a cut-off of 5 days after the first surgery. Statistical significance was examined by using chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests.

Results:

A total of 150 patients with at least 1 surgical revision after pancreatoduodenectomy were included. Notably, 64 patients had a revision during the first 5 days and were classified as early revision. Compared with the 86 patients with late revisions, we found no differences concerning wound infections, delayed gastric emptying, or acute kidney failure. After late revisions, we found significantly more cases of sepsis (31.4% late versus 15.6% early, p = 0.020) and reintubation due to respiratory failure (33.7% versus 18.8%, p = 0.031). Postoperative mortality was significantly higher within the late revision group (23.2% versus 9.4%, p = 0.030).

Conclusion:

Arising complications after pancreatoduodenectomy should be addressed as early as possible as patients requiring late surgical revisions frequently developed septic complications and multiorgan failure.
Shifting between face-to-face, online and hybrid teaching modes: A reflection on one Hong Kong primary school teacher's experiences with young learners during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ou Jiaen , Moorhouse Benjamin Luke
Published: November 2023

As young children need more careful support and guidance than adolescents and adult learners, teachers in lower grades have extra considerations as they shift between teaching modalities. This colloquium seeks to bring attention to the experiences of one Hong Kong primary school English language teacher as she shifted between face-to-face, online and hybrid teaching over a two-year period during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is hoped that by sharing the teacher's first-hand accounts and reflections, pre-service and in-service teachers of young learners will be better prepared for changing realities and modalities.