bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Presurgical Dental Models Manufactured with Two Different Three-Dimensional Printing Techniques
Authors: Metlerski Marcin , Grocholewicz Katarzyna , Jaroń Aleksandra , Lipski Mariusz , Trybek Grzegorz , Piskorowski Jacek
Published: October 2020

Three-dimensional printing is a rapidly developing area of technology and manufacturing in the field of oral surgery. The aim of this study was comparison of presurgical models made by two different types of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Digital reference models were printed 10 times using fused deposition modelling (FDM) and digital light processing (DLP) techniques. All 3D printed models were scanned using a technical scanner. The trueness, linear measurements, and printing time were evaluated. The diagnostic models were compared with the reference models using linear and mean deviation for trueness measurements with computer software. Paired t-tests were performed to compare the two types of 3D printing technology. A

P

value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For FDM printing, all average distances between the reference points were smaller than the corresponding distances measured on the reference model. For the DLP models, the average distances in the three measurements were smaller than the original. Only one average distance measurement was greater. The mean deviation for trueness was 0.1775 mm for the FDM group and 0.0861 mm for the DLP group. Mean printing time for a single model was 517.6 minutes in FDM technology and 285.3 minutes in DLP. This study confirms that presurgical models manufactured with FDM and DLP technologies are usable in oral surgery. Our findings will facilitate clinical decision-making regarding the best 3D printing technology to use when planning a surgical procedure.
Seismic Behavior and Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Short Columns Impacted by Oblique Earthquakes
Authors: Liu Chunyang , Yu Guixin , Fan Xisen , Guo Changqun , Li Fei
Published: October 2020

This study evaluates the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) short columns with a high axial compression ratio under oblique earthquake conditions. The studied parameters include the loading angle, axial compression ratio, the high‐strength stirrups with small spacing, and the carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapped column end or outer steel plate mesh at the end of the column. Low‐cycle repeated loading tests were used to analyze the specimens’ seismic performance indices of hysteretic behavior, strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity. Results suggest that the OpenSees finite element program can sufficiently simulate the nonlinear response of the specimen. Oblique loading led to the increase of damage to the specimens and the deterioration of stiffness of the specimens, which was especially seen with the increase of the axial compression ratio. Accordingly, arranging high‐strength stirrups with small spacing and the column end outer steel plate mesh both transform the failure mode from shear failure to bending shear failure. Additionally, wrapping the CFRP at the end of columns improves their strength but does not improve their deformation capacity. The demonstrated success of these strategies in improving the seismic performance of RC short columns under diagonal loads with high axial compression ratios can inform practical engineering applications.
Air Pollution across the Cancer Continuum: Extending Our Understanding of the Relationship between Environmental Exposures and Cancer
Authors: Ou Judy Y. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Hanson Heidi A.
Published: October 2020

Previous studies of the environment and cancer have focused on etiology, showing that extrinsic factors in the environment contribute to 70% to 90% of cancers. Cancer patients and survivors often continue to live in the same neighborhoods they resided in before their cancer diagnosis. Thus, patients and survivors are exposed to the same environmental contexts that likely contributed to their original cancer, but little is known about the health effects of continued exposure to carcinogens after a cancer diagnosis. This commentary provides a summary of studies of the association between PM2.5 and cancer mortality among patients and PM2.5 and posttreatment morbidity among cancer survivors, and proposes new directions and opportunities for future research on such topics.

See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention.”
Therapy Response and Outcome Explained by Leukemia Cell of Origin
Authors: Gu Zhimin , Dickerson Kathryn E. , Xu Jian
Published: October 2020

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Cai and colleagues delineate a new mechanism that links cell of origin, the transcription factor EVI1, apoptotic priming, and therapeutic susceptibility in mixed lineage leukemia–rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. These findings establish a cell of origin–dependent program that may be leveraged by therapeutic combinations to overcome drug resistance in chemoresistant leukemias.

See related article by Cai et al., p. 1500.
Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in Aged LCAT-Deficient Hamsters With Enhanced Oxidative Stress—Brief Report
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Liu Zongyu , Xu Yitong , Ma Ping , Huang Wei , Gao Mingming , Wang Yuhui , Liu George , Xian Xunde
Published: October 2020

Objective:

LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency results in severe low HDL (high-density lipoprotein). Although whether LCAT is pro- or antiatherosclerosis was in debate in mouse studies, our previous study clearly shows that LCAT deficiency (LCAT
−/−
) in hamster accelerates atherosclerotic development on high-fat diet. However, unlike in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, whether LCAT deficiency could lead to spontaneous atherosclerosis has not been studied yet in animal models. We, therefore, sought to investigate the atherosclerosis in LCAT
−/−
hamsters on standard laboratory diet and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.

Approach and Results:

Young (<8 months) and aged (>16 months) male and female wild-type and LCAT
−/−
hamsters on standard laboratory diet were used. Compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type hamsters, LCAT
−/−
hamsters showed a complete loss of plasma HDL and an increase in triglyceride by 2- to 8-fold at different stages of age. In aged LCAT
−/−
hamsters, the lesion areas at the aortic roots were ≈40×10
4
μm
3
in males and 18×10
4
μm
3
in females, respectively, which were consistent with the en face plaques observed in male (1.2%) and (1.5%) female groups, respectively. The results of plasma malondialdehyde measurement showed that malondialdehyde concentrations were markedly elevated to 54.4 μmol/L in males and 30 μmol/L in females, which are significantly associated with the atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates the development of spontaneous atherosclerotic lesions in aged male and female LCAT
−/−
hamsters with higher plasma oxidative lipid levels independent of plasma total cholesterol levels, further confirming the antiatherosclerotic role of LCAT.
HIV Antivirals Affect Endothelial Activation and Endothelial-Platelet Crosstalk
Authors: Khawaja Akif A. , Taylor Kirk A. , Lovell Andrew O. , Nelson Mark , Gazzard Brian , Boffito Marta , Emerson Michael
Published: October 2020

Rationale:

People living with HIV on effective antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications, possibly due to off-target drug effects. Some studies have associated antiretroviral therapy with increased risk of myocardial infarction and endothelial dysfunction, but a link between endothelial function and antiretrovirals has not been established.

Objective:

To determine the effects of antiretrovirals in common clinical use upon in vitro endothelial function to better understand cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV.

Methods and Results:

Human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells or human coronary artery endothelial cells were pretreated with the antiretrovirals abacavir sulphate (ABC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide. Expression of adhesion molecules, ectonucleotidases (CD39 and CD73), tissue factor (TF), endothelial-derived microparticle (EMP) numbers and phenotype, and platelet activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. TF and ectonucleotidase activities were measured using colourimetric plate-based assays. ABC-treated endothelial cells had higher levels of ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1 and TF expression following TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α stimulation. In contrast, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide treatment gave rise to greater populations of CD39
+
CD73
+
cells. These cell surface differences were also observed within EMP repertoires. ABC-treated cells and EMP had greater TF activity, while tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- and tenofovir alafenamide-treated cells and EMP displayed higher ectonucleotidase activity. Finally, EMP isolated from ABC-treated cells enhanced collagen-evoked platelet integrin activation and α-granule release.

Conclusions:

We report differential effects of antiretrovirals used in the treatment of HIV upon endothelial function. ABC treatment led to an inflammatory, prothrombotic endothelial phenotype that promoted platelet activation. In contrast, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide conferred potentially cardioprotective properties associated with ectonucleotidase activity. These observations establish a link between antiretrovirals and specific functional effects that provide insight into cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.
Nondietary Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Patient Experience and Loss of Productivity Among US Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2006 to 2015
Authors: Tibuakuu Martin , Okunrintemi Victor , Savji Nazir , Stone Neil J. , Virani Salim S. , Blankstein Ron , Thamman Ritu , Blumenthal Roger S. , Michos Erin D.
Published: October 2020

Background

The American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals aimed to promote population health through emphasis on cardiovascular health (CVH). We examined the association between nondietary CVH metrics and patient‐reported outcomes among a nationally representative sample of US adults without cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

We included adults aged ≥18 years who participated in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey between 2006 and 2015. CVH metrics were scored 1 point for each of the following: not smoking, being physically active, normal body mass index, no hypertension, no diabetes mellitus, and no dyslipidemia, or 0 points if otherwise. Diet was not assessed in Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Patient‐reported outcomes were obtained by telephone survey and included questions pertaining to patient experience and health‐related quality of life. Regression models were used to compare patient‐reported outcomes based on CVH, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. There were 177 421 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey participants (mean age, 45 [17] years) representing ~187 million US adults without cardiovascular disease. About 12% (~21 million US adults) had poor CVH. Compared with individuals with optimal CVH, those with poor CVH had higher odds of reporting poor patient‐provider communication (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24), poor healthcare satisfaction (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08–1.22), poor perception of health (odds ratio, 5.89; 95% CI, 5.35–6.49), at least 2 disability days off work (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30–1.48), and lower health‐related quality of life scores.

Conclusions

Among US adults without cardiovascular disease, meeting a lower number of ideal CVH metrics is associated with poor patient‐reported healthcare experience, poor perception of health, and lower health‐related quality of life. Preventive measures aimed at optimizing ideal CVH metrics may improve patient‐reported outcomes among this population.
Microvascular Brain Disease Progression and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Koton Silvia , Schneider Andrea L.C. , Windham B. Gwen , Mosley Thomas H. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Coresh Josef
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:

Data on the significance of combined white matter hyperintensities (WMH)/lacunar brain infarcts, and their progression over time for the prediction of stroke are scarce. We studied associations between the progression in combined measures of microvascular brain disease and risk of stroke in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).

Methods:

Prospective analysis of 907 stroke-free ARIC participants who underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 1993 to 1995, a second brain MRI in 2004 to 2006, and were subsequently followed for stroke incidence through December 31, 2017 (median [25%–75%] follow-up 12.6 [8.9–13.4] years). A combined measure of microvascular brain disease was defined at each visit and categorized by progression from first to second brain MRI as no progression; mild progression (increase of ≥1 unit in WMH grade or new lacune), and moderate progression (increase of ≥1 unit in WMH grade and new lacune). All definite/probable ischemic or hemorrhagic incident strokes occurring after this second MRI, and through 2017, were included. Associations between microvascular brain disease, progression in the combined measures, and stroke incidence were studied with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, time from first to second MRI, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease.

Results:

At the second brain MRI (mean age 72), the distribution of the combined measure was 37% WMH grade <2 and no lacune; 57% WMH grade ≥2 or lacune; and 6% WMH grade ≥2 and lacune. No progression in the combined measures was observed in 38% of participants, 57% showed mild progression and 5% showed moderate progression. Sixty-four incident strokes occurred during the follow-up period. Compared with no change in the combined measure, moderate progression of microvascular brain disease was significantly associated with higher risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.00 [95% CI, 1.30–6.94]).

Conclusions:

Progression of microvascular brain disease, manifesting as both new lacunes and increase in WMHs grade, is related to substantial increase in long-term risk of stroke.
The life of Fabian, an Azara’s owl monkey (Aotus azarae) of the Argentinean Chaco
Authors: García de la Chica Alba , Fernandez-Duque Eduardo , Rotundo Marcelo
Published: October 2020

Species-life history patterns provide insights into the adaptative strategies and importance of social behaviours. The cathemeral activity pattern of Aotus azarae allowed researchers from the Owl Monkey Project of Formosa, Argentina, to witness remarkable life changing events over the complete lifespan of several individuals. Here we summarize the life of Fabian, a male owl monkey we followed from the moment he started searching for a mate until he died. Although still not consistently considered in models of social evolution of mammals, our discovery of a subpopulation of solitary owl monkey floaters forced us to rethink some aspects of their characteristic social organization and mating system. Through the life of Fabian we present some representative examples of the intrasexual competition regulating the social system of the members of this genus during the different stages in the life of individuals, while reporting the first case of extra-pair copulation in wild owl monkeys.
Climate Change, War, and the Non-Identity Problem
Authors: McMahan Jeff
Published: October 2020

This paper explores the relevance of the Non-Identity Problem to explaining the wrongness of causing climate change.
Descriptions of larvae of three species of Hydropsyche Pictet 1834 (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from China
Authors: GE XINYU , WANG YINCHANG , WANG BEIXIN , SUN CHANGHAI
Published: October 2020

Adults and larvae of the genus Hydropsyche from Yun-nan and Si-chuan Provinces, China, were examined and the COI barcode gene sequences were obtained and analyzed, adults and larvae of 3 species were successfully associated. Of them, H. uvana Mey 1995 is a new record for the Chinese caddisfly fauna. The larvae of H. cerva Li & Tian 1990, H. penicillata Martynov 1931, and H. uvana Mey 1995 are described for the first time. The diagnostic features of the species are described and illustrated.
Remarkable new species of epedanid from Vietnam (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores: Epedanidae)
Authors: TCHEMERIS ALEKSEY N.
Published: October 2020

The genus Euepedanus of the family Epedanidae is recorded from Vietnam for the first time. Euepedanus vietnamicus sp. nov. (males and females) is diagnosed, figured and described. The main characteristics that distinguish this species from other species Euepedanus are quite large body sizes, structure of the distal segment of the chelicerae, armament of palps and on the dorsal surface of body with a pattern resembling the Latin letter X. The only known locality of the new E. vietnamicus sp. nov. in southern Vietnam, is mapped.
Reduction of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Nano-Carbon Absorption of 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Bai Junheng , Guo Tingyu , Dong Wenwen , Song Yingming , Guo Tingfang , Cui Mengsheng
Published: October 2020

To observe the clinical effect of nano-carbon adsorption of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on Breast cancer lymph node metastasis in New Zealand rabbits. A breast cancer animal model was established by local injection of a VX2 tumor tissue suspension in thirty New Zealand rabbits. An observation
group, control group A, and control group B were established using a random number table, with ten rabbits in each group. Once tumors with a diameter ≥5 mm were identified in the lymph nodes, the animals received the intervention. The observation group had nano-carbon-5-FU suspension subcutaneously
injected, control group A had 5-FU subcutaneously injected through the ear margin, and control group B had 5-FU subcutaneously injected; all received a drug dose of 30 mg · kg–1. Half of the animals in the three groups were killed following treatment for thirty minutes,
while the rest of the animals were killed following treatment for seven days. Tumors and lymphatic metastases were removed. Tumor and lymphatic metastasis volume were compared. H&E stained sections were used to determine the ND of tumor cells. A dTUP TUNEL assay using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl
Transferase (TdT) was used to assess tumor cell apoptosis. The expression level of casapase-3 mRNA in tumors and lymphoid tissues was determined using RT-PCR. After treatment for 30 mins, the observation group exhibited a significantly higher 5-FU concentration in lymph node metastases, and
significantly lower 5-FU concentrations in plasma and tumors. Nano-carbon can increase the 5-FU concentration in tumor tissue, as well as enhance the clinical effect of drugs on lymph node metastases.
Development and Characterization for Solar Photovoltaic Cell Based on Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 Thin Film
Authors: Sadanand  , Singh Pravin Kumar , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi D. K. , Alharthi Fahad A. , El-Marghany Adel , Al-Zaqri Nabil
Published: October 2020

CZTSSe materials have been studied for a highly efficient solar cell. In this paper, Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 (CZTSSe) thin film was prepared and its application to photovoltaic solar cells was studied. The CZTSSe thin film was deposited using
facile thermal evaporation process and examined by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman-scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Interestingly,
the synthesized CZTSSe thin are exhibiting broad-spectrum absorption. The I–V characteristics were performed to study the photoresponse of CZTSSe nanofilm. By the numerical simulation, the observed maximum efficiency of the fabricated device was ∼16.5%. Therefore, the
present study reveals that Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 thin films could be used as an effective absorber layer for efficient solar cells applications.
One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 Nanoparticles: Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Sadanand  , Dwivedi D. K. , Alharthi Fahad A. , El Marghany Adel
Published: October 2020

Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4(CZTSSe) have become increasingly popular due to the improved efficiency with different architectures for various types of solar cells. Due to its high absorption coefficient, low toxicity, an abundance of its components, and direct bandgap, it attracted
intense attention as an absorbent material for thin-film solar cells. According to the Shockley–Queisser (S–Q) detailedbalance model, the constraining performance of photovoltaic energy conversion for single-junction solar cells is 33.7%, for an ideal 1.34 eV bandgap. In the present
study, we have prepared a CZTSSe nanoparticle using the hydrothermal process. The film of the CZTSSe nanoparticles has been developed by the thermal evaporation method. The structural and surface morphology have been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM), and Raman-scattering. UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used to study the optical properties of synthesized nanoparticles for solar cell applications. This research suggests that the synthesized nanoparticles could be used as an efficient device for photovoltaic modules.
Bile acid diarrhoea: Current and potential methods of diagnosis
Authors: Hughes Lauren E , Ford Clare , Brookes Matthew J , Gama Rousseau
Published: October 2020

Chronic diarrhoea is common and mostly due to diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome affects about 11% of the population; however, up to a third of these patients actually have bile acid diarrhoea. There are, therefore, more than one million sufferers of bile acid diarrhoea in the UK. Bile acid diarrhoea is caused by small bowel malabsorption of bile acids and the increased bile acids in the large intestine cause diarrhoea. Once diagnosed, the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea is simple and effective. Bile acid diarrhoea , however, is often not diagnosed because of a lack of easily available and reliable diagnostic methods. In the United Kingdom, the radiolabelled 23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid test is the gold-standard method of diagnosis. 23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid test, however, is expensive, inconvenient to the patient, involves radiation exposure and has limited availability. As such, a laboratory biomarker is desirable. This review briefly discusses the pathophysiology and management of bile acid diarrhoea and critically evaluates methods for its diagnosis, including serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, faecal bile acid measurement, serum fibroblast growth factor 19, urine-2-propanol, and the 14C-glycocholate breath and stool test.
Combing the same beach: Analytic eclecticism and the challenge of theoretical multilingualism
Authors: Blanchard Eric M.
Published: October 2020

Sil and Katzenstein present analytic eclecticism as a pragmatic, problem-driven, policy-oriented heuristic, posed against the paradigmatism and parsimony inhibiting the study of world politics. I argue that Sil and Katzenstein’s approach is both promising (in that it is one of the more flexible available frameworks to bring separate research traditions into fruitful dialogue) and potentially problematic (if it limits itself to the triad of realism, liberalism, and constructivism). Informed by a recent methodological turn in post-positivist International Relations (IR) and Political Science, this essay takes seriously eclecticism’s commitment to theoretical multilingualism by imagining an eclectic engagement beyond the heuristic’s original purview and calling for eclectic attention to reflexivity, constitutive theorizing, and the dynamics of power and ethics. The article reflects on existing disciplinary power dynamics and disparities and the urgent demand for scholars to more fully contribute to developing effective approaches to real-world threats, such as climate change.
The mindfulness trajectories of addressing suicidal behaviour: A systematic review
Authors: Raj Saurabh , Ghosh Debasruti , Verma Sunil K , Singh Tushar
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives:

Suicidal behaviour has been a persistent concern in medical as well as general settings. Many psychotherapeutic approaches have tried to address suicidal behaviour in different ways. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have garnered much attention in the last decade because of their treatment efficacy. This systematic review aimed to examine evidence-based research regarding the effectiveness of MBIs as a psychotherapy intervention on suicidality and to deliver suggestions that might help future research.

Method:

The identification of literature was made through an extensive search of the electronic databases, to extract studies relating to the efficacy of MBIs on addressing suicidal behaviour. Additional researches based on library sources were searched manually. The studies’ selection was based on a pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the quality of the studies.

Results:

The present review helped us identify 13 studies, including six randomised controlled trials, two controlled studies and five pre-post observational studies. The findings reported in the studies were mostly favourable to MBIs as an effective intervention strategy for suicidal behaviour.

Conclusion:

MBIs show promising effects as an intervention for suicidal behaviour. However, large scale, high-quality trials with active control, and long term intervention efficacy studies are needed to understand the mechanisms through which MBIs reduce suicidal behaviour.
Changing civil servants’ behaviour concerning the opening of governmental data: evaluating the effect of a game by comparing civil servants’ intentions before and after a game intervention
Authors: Kleiman Fernando , Janssen Marijn , Meijer Sebastiaan , Jansen Sylvia JT
Published: October 2020

Open data policies are increasingly being adopted by governments. However, civil servants find it challenging to comply with open data policies. Gaming can help civil servants to practise opening data and can change their behaviour to support the opening of more data. In this article, the effect of playing a game is evaluated in an experiment in which several factors that influence the opening of data are compared before and after the game. The benefits appeared in unexpected ways and areas. Data management, privacy and security knowledge was transferred using the game, the perception of benefits showed significant changes, and behavioural intention was positively affected.

Points for practitioners

Civil servants’ behaviour influences how public policies are enacted. The release of open data by governments is related by many as crucial for increasing public transparency and civic participation, and generating new economic opportunities. Games can influence the attitude of civil servants and, consequently, change governments’ decisions. Transferring knowledge and providing insights from new experiences can influence civil servants’ attitudes to open data. Moreover, governments can use games to influence civil servants’ attitudes.
Progressive failure analysis of CFRP composite laminates under uniaxial tension using a discrete element method
Authors: Wan Lei , Ismail Yaser , Sheng Yong , Wu Ke , Yang Dongmin
Published: October 2020

This study presents a 3D Discrete Element Method (DEM) model for the progressive failure analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite materials subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. Particles in the model are packed and bonded in regular patterns (hexagonal or square). The relationship between the bond stiffness and material properties is established based on the average strain energy method. The random distribution of bond strengths calibrated from experiments with a variation of 30% and 10% following a normal distribution law is assigned to the bonds in 0∘ and 90∘ plies to capture random cracks, respectively. Tsai-Hill failure criterion is utilized for the calibration of bond strength of [Formula: see text] plies to predict their failures in composite laminates. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted for predicting the damage initiation and propagation of the cross-ply and Quasi-Isotropic (QI) composite laminates under tensile loading, respectively. Two interface stiffnesses were utilized in the failure prediction of cross-ply composite laminates, and it was found that the numerical results with the interface stiffness calculated from fracture energy are in good, quantitative agreements with the experiments. All the four stages of the failure process of QI composite laminates are well captured by the 3D DEM model, including isolated cracks, inner delamination cracks, outer delamination cracks and final failure.
The making of the “Stadtautobahn” in Berlin after World War Two: a socio-histoire of power about urban automobile infrastructure
Authors: Bernhardt Christoph
Published: October 2020

The paper analyses the West-Berlin pathway to the “car-friendly city” in the context of the Cold War. It starts by retracing some long term continuities since the 1920s and gives special attention to the institutional settings and power struggles within the municipal authorities. The prospective character of the planning for the “Stadtautobahn” since 1945 which was far ahead of the real motorisation of the time is explained by the strong political and ideological intention to demonstrate the superiority of the Western life style. The Berlin case is reflected in the context of projects for ring-roads in other European cities.
Political Participation and Workplace Voice: The Spillover of Suppression by Supervisors
Authors: Geurkink Bram , Akkerman Agnes , Sluiter Roderick
Published: October 2020

This article aims to establish the connection between people’s voice at work and their political voice. We theorize and model a spillover mechanism from supervisors’ responses to workplace voice to political participation. Applying structural equation modeling on a unique dataset (N = 3129), we find that while support and suppression of workplace voice both affect political participation, they do so through different mechanisms. In addition, we find that supervisors’ suppressive responses to employees’ voice can trigger both positive and negative effects on different forms of political participation. Thereby, we contribute to the understanding of the link between participation at work and participation in politics.
General Self-Efficacy and Body Weight: The Role of Race and Gender
Authors: Schmidt Gordon , Pichler Shaun
Published: October 2020

Overweight and obesity have become a prominent concern for policymakers, the Surgeon General, scholars, and for work organizations. The estimated annual cost of obesity in terms of lost productivity is in the tens of billions of dollars, and the estimated annual medical cost of obesity is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Psychologists have become increasingly interested in issues related to body weight, such as ways to help people reduce body weight. The aims of our study are twofold. First, based on social cognitive theory, we offer the first study of the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and body weight based on a large, representative sample. Second, we also offer an understanding of the role of race and gender as potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Findings indicate that race moderates the relationship between GSE and body weight (both BMI and perceived weight) such that this relationship is positive for Blacks but negative for Whites. Gender did not moderate the relationship between GSE and body weight. These results suggest that body weight is unrelated to general self-efficacy in the population writ large and that body weight is differentially related to self-efficacy based on race but not gender.
Theory and the Replication Problem
Authors: Willer David , Emanuelson Pamela
Published: October 2020

Many refinements of statistical design have been offered to solve the replication problem identified by the Open Science Collaboration and Camerer and colleagues. There are, however, two distinct kinds of experimentation: Fisher design and theory designed. Therefore, there are two kinds of replication. Only for the Fisher design does replication reproduce conditions of prior experiments in order to compare new with prior results, and only there has a replication problem been demonstrated. In contrast, replications for theory-designed experiments test experimental results against theoretical predictions, and only for theory-designed experiments can replication be extended broadly across the scope of a theory. The authors analyze the logic of the two types of experiments as well as hybrids that mix qualities of both.
Educational Travel for First-Generation Students
Authors: Dean Paul , Kelly Claudia
Published: October 2020

Research on educational travel has shown significant student outcomes for personal, academic, and professional growth. However, there are financial and cultural barriers that make it harder for some groups of students to participate in programs such as study abroad and shorter-term educational travel. This article examines the unique challenges and opportunities for first-generation and low-income students in these programs. It analyzes a short-term (10-day) educational travel group of exclusively first-generation participants, including three students, a faculty member, and an administrator, studying social mobility in Denmark. Coauthored by a faculty member and student from the trip, the article qualitatively reflects on student gains in personal growth, social connectedness, professional skills, and sociological knowledge. The article concludes by advocating for more targeted programming in recruiting and supporting first-generation students in educational travel.
Energy management and damping improvement of a DC microgrid with constant power load using interconnection and damping assignment-passivity based control
Authors: Samanta Soumya , Barman Saumitra , Mishra Jyoti Prakash , Roy Prasanta , Roy Binoy Krishna
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with (i) damping improvement and (ii) energy management of a DC microgrid for improvement of its stability. The direct current (DC) microgrid has a solar-photovoltaic system as a renewable source and fuel cell-battery combination as a backup system to supply power to constant power loads (CPLs). The presence of CPLs in a DC microgrid makes the stability problem more challenging since the negative impedance characteristics of CPLs bring instability into the system. A control approach using interconnection and damping assignment-passivity based control (IDA-PBC) is proposed in this paper to address both the objectives. The proposed control approach provides an efficient energy management, the required damping and also maintains the stability by making the system passive. The tuning parameters of the control laws are adapted incorporating the state of charge (SoC) for the effective energy management. In addition, an integral action is added with the proposed control laws to eliminate the steady-state error in the voltage level of the DC bus and load bus. The proposed IDA-PBC control along with an integral action is compared with four other control approaches, and reveals its better performances. The MATLAB/Simulink results show that the proposed control technique provides better responses in terms of providing damping and effective energy management.
Spontaneous Regression of a Large Nasal Hemangioma in a 55-Year-Old Male
Authors: Lee Jae-Hoon
Published: October 2020

Lobular capillary hemangiomas (LCHs) are benign vascular lesions of the skin, oral cavity, and, rarely, the nasal cavity that are histologically characterized by capillary proliferation and a lobular architecture. The etiology of LCH is not well understood, but the possible underlying factors include trauma, hormonal influences, and angiogenic growth factors. This case report describes the spontaneous complete regression of an LCH without further surgery although it was incompletely excised. To our knowledge, this is a rare case for a middle-aged man.
“I believe it’s important for kids to know they have two parents”: Parents’ experiences of equally shared parental leave in Sweden
Authors: Lidbeck Monica , Boström Petra K.
Published: October 2020

Mothers tend to be the primary caregivers of infants, but some governments encourage fathers to share this responsibility. The Swedish national parental insurance gives parents the opportunity to share their parental leave equally. This qualitative study explored experiences of equally shared parental leave and increased paternal involvement from the perspectives of both parents. Cohabiting mothers and fathers of 12 infants were interviewed individually. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Three main themes were formed: (a) holding on to equal opportunities (b) transition of responsibility and control, and (c) gaining a mutual understanding. At the time around the shift, i.e. when the father took over as primary caregiver, parents described that they were holding on to the ideal of equality despite challenges, such as various degrees of emotional strain. They also emphasized the importance of mother’s trust in the father’s parenting skills, and for the father to hold on to daily routines when taking over the caregiving responsibilities. Sharing parental leave equally appeared to enrich the couple relationship by fostering a mutual understanding of each other’s experiences. In policy and practice, both parents’ engagement in the caregiving of young children needs to be recognized as changes in parental roles and gender norms evolve in modern family life.
The impact of the global crisis on the growth of SMEs: A resource system perspective
Authors: Lim Dominic SK , Morse Eric A , Yu Naryoung
Published: October 2020

In this commentary, we examine both the positive and negative potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We conceptualise the firm as a system of various resource components (strategic, physical, financial, human and organisational resources) and firm growth as the expansion of this resource system. Based on qualitative data drawn from Canadian high-growth SMEs, we discuss the potential impact of the crisis on these resource system components. We demonstrate how virtuous growth spirals of these resources co-evolve through various feedback and feed-forward loops. Furthermore, we discuss how a temporary growth setback, due to the crisis, can in fact provide an opportunity for entrepreneurs to realign, and regain the balance and fit within their firm’s resource system. This realignment enables the firm to take on the next phase of growth.
Working in the world of the pandemic
Authors: Tredinnick Luke , Laybats Claire
Published: October 2020

This paper compiles a series of responses from key information professionals to the novel coronavirus pandemic of 2020. Respondents were invited to answer the questions how the pandemic has impacted on their work, and how it might change the way of working in the future. Contributors to the article include Scott Brown, Steve Dale, Denise Carter, Alison Day, Hal Kirkwood and Emily Hopkins.
Exploring the meaning of dignity at end of life for Chinese Canadians caregivers: A qualitative cross-cultural study
Authors: Lou Cindy , Lou Kelvin , Ridley Julia
Published: October 2020

Background:

Preserving patient dignity is a fundamental value in palliative care and is associated with an increased sense of meaning at end of life. The empiric Dignity Model, developed by Chochinov et al. (2002), identifies physical and psychosocial issues impacting dignity and provides guidance for dignity conserving care.

Aim:

This study’s objectives are to explore the generalizability of the empiric Dignity Model to Chinese Canadians an immigrant population influenced by both Western and Asian values. The study will explore how dignity is culturally mediated.

Design:

Template analysis using NVivo was used to assess for themes and to explore new themes in focus group interviews.

Participants:

Three focus groups of thirty-one first generation Chinese Canadians were conducted in the community setting, in the metropolitan area of Greater Vancouver.

Results:

The three thematic categories of the Dignity Model were broadly supported. Themes of Family connectedness and the Confucian virtue of filial piety (duty that children have towards their parents), were found to be strongly relevant for Chinese Canadians. Subjects’ acculturation within Canada led to an evolution of perception of dignity as new ideas are accepted or rejected and blended with pre-existing values.

Conclusion:

To the author’s knowledge this is the first study on the Dignity Model done in a Chinese Canadian population. The conceptualization of dignity for first generation Chinese Canadians is influenced by both Western and Asian culture. This study highlights the unique constructs of dignity for Chinese Canadians and areas to enhance dignity preserving care in a cross-cultural context.
Modeling the External Effects of Air Taxis in Reducing the Energy Consumption of Road Traffic
Authors: Lin Zhenhong , Xie Fei , Ou Shiqi (Shawn)
Published: October 2020

Air taxis are currently being demonstrated. Few studies have quantified their external effects in reducing on-road vehicle fuel consumption. The hypothesis of this paper is that air taxis may divert some drivers away from congested traffic corridors, improve traffic speed and fuel economy, and reduce congestion-induced energy consumption. A model is developed that links several key components: mode choice, the relationship between travel demand and traffic speeds, the relationship between traffic speeds and fuel economies, and the heterogenous value of travel time. It is applied to the route from downtown Los Angeles to Los Angeles International Airport, where at peak hours 38,200 vehicles attempt to use the route that has an hourly capacity of 17,200 vehicles. The model estimates that, with conservative assumptions and near-term technologies, diverting 3.2% of the traffic to air taxis could produce a 15% reduction in traffic vehicle fuel use. With optimistic assumptions and mature technologies, the study estimates that diverting 20% of traffic could reduce the traffic vehicle fuel use by about 74%. The key insight is that if a small share of congested travelers switched to air taxis, motivated by private benefits of time savings, significant external benefits for other road travelers (time savings and fuel savings) and to society (reduced energy use and emissions), would ensue creating a win-win-win outcome. These estimates (which are not intended as predictions because of the stated limitations) strongly suggest the need to consider the external energy effect in future cost-benefit analyses of air taxi technologies.
“Cops Only See the Brown Skin, They Could Care Less Where It Originated”: Afro-Latinx Perceptions of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement
Authors: Hordge-Freeman Elizabeth , Loblack Angelica
Published: October 2020

The increasing visibility of Afro-Latinxs in the United States has catalyzed interest among researchers about this group’s unique experiences of racialization. However, much less attention has been given to the relationship between Afro-Latinx identity formation and perceptions and/or participation in social movements. Drawing on web-based survey data with 115 Afro-Latinxs, we examine how Afro-Latinxs view the Black Lives Matter Movement with a focus on the extent to which they perceive that this explicitly anti-racist movement is relevant to their own lives. We theoretically ground our analysis in research related to collective identity and group consciousness to explore how Afro-Latinxs’ unique understanding of their ethno-racial identity and group position impacts their participation in the movement. We find that overwhelmingly Afro-Latinx respondents believe they should participate in Black Lives Matter, but how they articulate their support sheds light on the diverse ways they position themselves vis-à-vis other Black-identified groups in the racial hierarchy.
‘Putting down a common enemy’: Piracy and occasional interstate power in South China during the mid-nineteenth century
Authors: Kwan C. Nathan
Published: October 2020

Piracy was considered a crime in international law, and British authorities felt its suppression justified the extension of state power into Asian waters. Only after the Opium War and the colonisation of Hong Kong, however, did Britain gain an interest and the wherewithal to act against pirates off the coast of South China. Ships of the Royal Navy, enforcing British ideas of international and maritime law in Chinese waters, together with the criminal justice system in Hong Kong, proved limited in their capacity to deal with piracy in South China in the mid-nineteenth century. Agents of British state power on the coast of China thus sought the assistance of their international counterparts, culminating in an international punitive expedition to Coulan. This article examines interstate cooperation in the effort to suppress piracy and the light this sheds on the relationship between piracy and state power. It argues that such collaboration required compromises between different understandings of piracy and the jurisdiction that different states had over it, and that interstate power was ultimately limited in its impact on the activities of pirates in South China.
European wives and local concubines: Women on board English country trader vessels in the Malay Archipelago and beyond, from the 1770s to the 1830s, with some reference to life on board other contemporary sailing vessels
Authors: Miller W.G. , Smith Ann G.
Published: October 2020

Though the officers and crews of the British ‘country’ ships that operated in association with the English East India Company in the waters of the Malay Archipelago, the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea were all men, there are occasional references to women on board. These women fall into two categories: European wives and local concubines. This article provides examples of these elusive women, examines the reasons for their presence on board, assesses their social status and makes some comparisons between the two categories.
Jean Laffite: Piracy and the limits of state power in New Orleans, 1814-1815
Authors: Cavell S. A.
Published: October 2020

The pirate, privateer and smuggler Jean Laffite dominated the mercantile life of New Orleans from 1809 to 1815 by exploiting the limited reach of a weak US government in its attempts to control over the frontier of the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Laffite’s status as a cultural anti-hero to the majority-French population, who disdained the American government and the war it initiated in 1812, saw much public support for his efforts to evade law enforcement. Such support, however, waned in the face of an overwhelming threat from British invaders in the autumn of 1814. Adept at survival, Laffite reinvented himself as a loyal patriot by contributing vital materiel to the shaky military defence of the city. In doing so, he ensured his freedom and became a hero of the Battle of New Orleans, a myth that endures to this day. His story demonstrates the limits of state power against piratical practices in the nineteenth century, particularly when they occurred on a distant shore, among a population who protected their cherished rogues.