bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The bile acid composition analysis of the lipophilic complex of animal bile
Authors: Stremoukhov Aleksandr , Zhirova Irina , Goncharova Anastasiya , Korj Yulia , Varenykh Galina , Shulgina Marina
Published: December 2021

Using gas chromatography, the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of bile acids in the lipophilic complexes of animal bile was studied. As a result of the studies, 6 steroids were identified in the lipophilic complexes of bile, 5 of which are bile acids. It was defined that cholic and deoxycholic acid predominate in all the studied objects, while their amount depends on the used raw materials.
Cause analysis of vibration in shell-and-tube heat exchanger
Authors: Wu Jia , Hu Jiansheng , Du Bin , Tang Ping , Tang Jie
Published: December 2021

Heat exchanger is a universal process equipment, which is widely used in chemical industry, oil refining, thermal power and other industries. Shell-and-tube heat exchangers often fail prematurely due to flow-induced vibration. In this paper, aiming at the problem of severe vibration of shell-and-tube heat exchanger in an enterprise, the vibration acceleration sensors are used to measure the vibration of shell and tube side of heat exchanger. Through the analysis of the measurement results, it is found that when the flow rate on the shell side of the heat exchanger is greater than 50000 Nm3/h, the flow-induced vibration of the tube bundle occurs, and the vibration frequency is 57Hz, which is close to the natural frequency of the tube bundle. And the greater the flow rate on the shell side, the more intense the vibration. In order to reduce the vibration of heat exchanger, the damping measure of inserting baffles between tubes is adopted.
Stress Calculations Adopted Finite Element Method of Pressure Steam Pipeline Containing Defects
Authors: Chen Yonggui , Tang Ping , Zhong Jiang , Yan Sunting , Jin Nanhui , Liu Lintao
Published: December 2021

The stress behavior of defects is the key factor in the safety assessment of pressure steam pipeline containing defects. For achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, high-parameter pressure steam pipelines are widely designed in the recent years. It makes the safety assessment based on defect stresses become significantly important. A combined FEA method of stress calculations was proposed in the present study for calculating film stress and bend stress of defects located in a pressure steam pipeline from a certain power plant. An efficient program code with graphical user interface was designed to automatically generate FEA models of defect part pipelines. It is truly an innovative highlight of the present work attributed to convenient operation and outstanding efficiency. This paper provides an available way to obtain the stress state of defects in the safety assessment of pressure steam pipeline containing defects.
Application of New Supercritical Extraction Technology in Extraction and Separation of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Cheng Lijuan
Published: December 2021

Supercritical CO2 extraction technology uses supercritical CO2 fluid as extractant to extract and separate effective components from plants from liquid or solid. At present, CO2 is widely used in supercritical fluid, with a critical temperature of 31.265 °C and a critical pressure of 7.18 MPa. The critical conditions are easy to reach. In supercritical state, the density of CO2 fluid is very sensitive to the changes of temperature and pressure, The widely used separation technologies can be divided into two types: membrane separation and traditional separation. The traditional separation methods can be divided into steam distillation, sublimation, cold soaking, precipitation, percolation, decocting method and Soxhlet extraction, etc. These separation methods have certain limitations. In this paper, SFE technology is combined with modern analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, etc., so that the component analysis can be carried out more efficiently and quickly. Because of the above advantages, SFE is especially beneficial to the extraction of effective components in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations.
Research review on cutting temperature and cutting vibration of titanium alloy
Authors: Li Yuqing , Li Shuncai , Yu Qiu
Published: December 2021

The text should be set to 1 line spacing. The abstract should be centred across the page, indented 17 mm from the left and right page margins and justified. It should not normally exceed 200 words The titanium alloy called “strategic metal” is a typical refractory material that causes high temperature and vibration during cutting due to its high strength, low thermal conductivity and low elastic modulus. In the processing process, the tool wear is serious, and the accompanying cutting heat and cutting vibration are coupled to each other and change with time. Studying the temperature and vibration characteristics in the processing process is conducive to further understanding of cutting mechanism, better controlling temperature and vibration, improving cutting processing quality and reducing production cost. This paper reviews the current situation of cutting temperature and cutting vibration at home and abroad. Scholars focus on the influence of cutting factors on temperature and vibration, based on finite element simulation and mathematical modeling, and the research on temperature and vibration coupling of titanium alloy cutting should be further strengthened.
Functional Nanomaterials and their 2D and 3D Fabrications for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Lee Wei-Fan
Published: December 2021

This review paper would be discussing both the manufacture of the functional nanomaterials and their practical applications for drug delivery The study of nanomaterials has been a coruscating field of research that has a huge impact on science, engineering, and medicine. In terms of applied science, it succeeded the limits of conventional materials, hence making the opt of the materials more multifaceted. Speaking of drug delivery, new research on nanomaterials marked an outset of a new study of medicine and might have changed our perception of drugs. Nanomaterials are recognized to be a emerging material with good prospect for drug delivery regarding their particular characteristics. Because of these benefits, further research on this topic is conducted as of now.
Development and Suggestions on Container Twist Lock Handling in Automated Container Terminals
Authors: Zhang Panpan
Published: December 2021

In this paper automated container terminals were introduced and characteristics of the automated container terminals were summarized. Besides, a common problem of twist lock handling technology in automated container terminal was proposed. different kinds of automatic twist lock handling technologies and equipment were collected and analyzed. Finally, suggestions on twist lock handling were given. With demands of automated container terminals, the twist lock handling technology will still rapidly develop in future.
Vésicules extracellulaires et maladies métaboliques
Authors: Blandin Alexia , Le Lay Soazig
Published: December 2021

Les vésicules extracellulaires (VE) correspondent à un ensemble hétérogène de nanovésicules membranaires sécrétées dans le milieu extracellulaire et circulant dans les différents fluides de l’organisme. Ces VE véhiculent du matériel biologique (protéines, lipides, acides nucléiques) qu’elles peuvent transférer à des cellules/tissus cibles, modulant ainsi leur réponse et/ou leur phénotype. Les dysfonctions caractérisant les maladies métaboliques liées à l’obésité sont associées à des modifications des concentrations circulantes de VE ainsi qu’à des altérations de leur contenu. L’intérêt grandissant porté aux VE comme nouveaux vecteurs de communication intercellulaire a conduit à s’interroger sur leur rôle dans le développement des complications métaboliques. Dans cette synthèse, nous résumerons la littérature portant sur les VE circulantes comme potentiels marqueurs des maladies métaboliques. Nous détaillerons ensuite le dialogue vésiculaire inter-organes responsable du développement des complications associées à l’obésité. Enfin, nous discuterons les futures pistes de recherche qui contribueront à mieux appréhender le lien entre VE et maladies métaboliques.
Identification and characterisation of mosquitoes from different locations in Qatar in 2017–2019
Authors: Farag Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd , Bansal Devendra , Mardini Khaled , Sultan Ali A. , Al-Thani Mohammed Hamad J. , Al-Marri Salih Ali , Al-Hajri Mohammed , Al-Romaihi Hamad , Schaffner Francis
Published: December 2021

Mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health. The mere presence of a single case of vector-borne disease (VBD) introduces a risk to the local community particularly when associated with the compatible vector, host, and suitable environmental factors. Presently, there is no well-established vector control and surveillance programme in Qatar; therefore, the likelihood of VBDs spreading is undetermined. As a result, there is a pressing need to address this gap and enable successful management of VBDs. This study presents the results of three consecutive field surveys conducted between 2017 and 2019 with the aim of defining the types and distribution of mosquitoes that are of public health importance in Qatar. The results of the adult mosquito trappings show that the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus is the most widespread and abundant mosquito species, followed by Cx. perexiguus, both species representing a risk of West Nile virus transmission. All sampling methods show that the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi is widespread including in urbanised areas, suggesting a risk of local malaria transmission. The wetland mosquito Aedes caspius is also widespread, representing a risk of Rift Valley fever virus transmission. The dengue vector Ae. aegypti was not detected and can be considered neither widespread nor abundant, suggesting a minimal risk for local transmission of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Interestingly, the study detected Culiseta longiareolata for the first time in Qatar. Regular field studies are needed to further address the knowledge gaps in terms of distribution, ecology, and biting habits of different mosquito species currently present in Qatar to accurately assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.
Intraoperative Spinal Angiography during Microsurgical Occlusion of Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula within the Hybrid Operation Room
Authors: Kienzler Jenny Christine , Schoepf Salome , Marbacher Serge , Diepers Michael , Remonda Luca , Fandino Javier
Published: December 2021

Background Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare cause of progressive myelopathy in predominantly middle-aged men. Treatment modalities include surgical obliteration and endovascular embolization. In surgically treated cases, failure of obliteration is reported in up to 5%. The aim of this technical note is to present a safe procedure with complete SDAVF occlusion, verified by intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Methods We describe four patients with progressive leg weakness who underwent surgical obliteration of SDAVF with spinal intraoperative DSA in the prone position after cannulation of the popliteal artery. All surgeries took place in our hybrid operating room (OR) and were accompanied by electrophysiologic monitoring. Surgeries and cannulation of the popliteal artery were performed in the prone position. Ultrasound was used to guide the popliteal artery puncture. A 5-Fr sheath was inserted and the fistula was displayed using a 5-Fr spinal catheter. Spinal intraoperative DSA was performed prior to and after temporary clipping of the fistula point as well after the final SDAVF occlusion.

Results The main feeder of the SDAVF fistula in the first patient arose from the right T11 segmental artery, which also supplied the artery of Adamkiewicz. The second patient initially underwent endovascular treatment and deteriorated 5 months later due to recanalization of the SDAVF via a small branch of the T12 segmental artery. The third and fourth cases were primarily scheduled for surgical occlusion. Access through the popliteal artery for spinal intraoperative DSA proved to be beneficial and safe in the hybrid OR setting, allowing the sheath to be left in place during the procedure. During exposure and after temporary and permanent occlusion of the fistulous point, intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography was also performed. In one case, the addition of intraoperative DSA showed failure of fistula occlusion, which was not visible with ICG angiography, leading to repositioning of the clip. Complete fistula occlusion was documented in all cases.

Conclusion Spinal intraoperative DSA in the prone position is a feasible and safe intervention for rapid localization and confirmation of surgical SDAVF occlusion.
Popping a Picture of Plasma Bubbles at Low Density
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: December 2021

Faraday rotation illuminates plasma bubble size and shape at densities 40 times lower than previously studied
Long-range potential scattering: Converting long-range potential to short-range potential by tortoise coordinate
Authors: Li Wen-Du , Dai Wu-Sheng
Published: December 2021

Inspired by general relativity, we suggest an approach for long-range potential scattering. In scattering theory, there is a general theory for short-range potential scattering, but there is no general theory for long-range potential scattering. This is because the scattering boundary conditions for all short-range potentials are the same, but for different long-range potentials, they are different. In this paper, by introducing tortoise coordinates, we convert long-range potential scattering to short-range potential scattering. This allows us to deal with long-range potential scattering as short-range potential scattering. An explicit expression of the scattering wave function for long-range potential scattering is presented, in which the scattering wave function is represented by the tortoise coordinate and the scattering phase shift. We show that the long-range potential scattering wave function is just the short-range potential scattering wave function with a replacement of a common coordinate by a tortoise coordinate. The approach applies not only to scattering but also applies to bound states. Furthermore, in terms of tortoise coordinates, we suggest a classification scheme for potentials. We also discuss the duality between tortoise coordinates.
Bohm potential for the time dependent harmonic oscillator
Authors: Soto-Eguibar Francisco , Asenjo Felipe A. , Hojman Sergio A. , Moya-Cessa Héctor M.
Published: December 2021

In the Madelung–Bohm approach to quantum mechanics, we consider a time dependent phase that depends quadratically on position, and we show that it leads to a Bohm potential that corresponds to a time dependent harmonic oscillator, provided the time dependent term in the phase obeys an Ermakov equation.
Thermal diffusivity of organosuperelastic soft crystals during stress-induced phase transition
Authors: Ryu M. , Takamizawa S. , Morikawa J.
Published: December 2021

Thermal diffusivity during stress-induced phase transition was examined and precisely determined in terephthalamide, an organosuperelastic soft crystal. A 14% maximum change in thermal diffusivity was realized in a superelastic phase transformation at a shear stress below 0.5 MPa. Thermal diffusivity measurements under the crystal deformation were achieved using microscale photothermal temperature-wave analysis. A maximum fivefold anisotropy was found in the thermal diffusivity between the c axis and other crystal axes. The results indicate the potential for developing practical thermal applications of organosuperelastic single crystals.
Development of high-resolution capacitive Faraday magnetometers for sub-Kelvin region
Authors: Shimizu Yusei , Kono Yohei , Sugiyama Tomoyoshi , Kittaka Shunichiro , Shimura Yasuyuki , Miyake Atsushi , Aoki Dai , Sakakibara Toshiro
Published: December 2021

High-sensitivity capacitive Faraday magnetometers were developed for static DC magnetization measurements in a sub-Kelvin region that can be used with 3He–4He dilution refrigerators (∼50 mK) and 3He refrigerators (∼0.28 K). For high-resolution magnetization measurements, the background magnetization of the force-sensing capacitor should be as small as possible, compared with the magnetization value of a measured specimen. In this study, we succeeded in reducing the background of the capacitor in both low- and high-field regions by compensating for the diamagnetic response of a thin quartz plate, making use of Pauli-paramagnetic alloys and Van Vleck paramagnets as a counter magnetization for a diamagnetic signal. Having established an ultra-high-sensitivity capacitor, we achieved a resolution of 10−5 (∼10−5–10−6) emu in the low- (high-) field region below (above) 1 T. In particular, the newly developed capacitors with a Van Vleck paramagnet Pr0.1La0.9Be13 and paramagnetic MgAl alloys are demonstrated to be very useful for high-resolution magnetization measurements at milli-Kelvin temperatures in low and high magnetic fields, respectively.
Theoretical study of transparent peaks in a topological waveguide-cavity coupled system
Authors: Dong Junhua , Zou Bingsuo , Zhang Yongyou
Published: December 2021

All-optical analogues of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) have been investigated on various platforms due to its wide applications in optical devices. This theoretical study suggests an immune scheme to fabrication disorders based on the topological waveguide that couples with two cavities. On the one hand, the topological waveguide is immune to local disorders and can tolerate moderate global ones due to bulk gaps of photonic crystals. On the other hand, the global disorders are utilized to induce a frequency splitting between the two cavities, which is responsible for transparent peaks in transmission spectra. Moreover, the maximum tolerated disorders are theoretically analyzed, indicating that fabrication disorders in such a scheme can be used to design EIT or ATS.
Ba-doped CsPbBr3 with high quantum efficiency for wide color gamut on white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Mei Enrou , Chen Yingying , Chen Ya , He Qingyun , Tong Yao , Yu Ping , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong
Published: December 2021

The perovskite material has received much attention due to its excellent photoelectric properties. However, the toxicity of Pb has always affected the wide application of perovskite materials. Herein, we proposed to replace Pb ions with the same divalent ions Ba and dope them into the CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals' (PNCs) lattice to reduce the content of Pb elements. In this work, we have successfully prepared a series of CsPb1−xBaxBr3 PNCs (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) and CsPbBr3 PNCs (Ba-doped concentration = x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20); the best among them were CsPb0.7Ba0.3Br3 PNCs and CsPbBr3 (Ba = 0.1) PNCs, respectively. Compared with CsPbBr3 PNCs, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CsPb0.7Ba0.3Br3 PNCs and CsPbBr3 (Ba = 0.1) PNCs has been improved to different degrees. It was worth mentioning that after the addition of a Ba element, the photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of CsPb0.7Ba0.3Br3 PNCs and CsPbBr3 (Ba = 0.1) PNCs was increased to 81% and 65%, respectively. It was due to the high PLQY of CsPb0.7Ba0.3Br3 PNCs that the selected CIE color coordinate monochromatic light encompassed 119.0% of NTSC color gamut.
Revisiting δ-PVDF based piezoelectric nanogenerator for self-powered pressure mapping sensor
Authors: Gupta Varun , Babu Anand , Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Mallick Zinnia , Mishra Hari Krishna , Saini Dalip , Mandal Dipankar
Published: December 2021

δ-phase comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanoparticles are fabricated through an electrospray technique by applying a 0.1 MV/m electric field, which is 103 times lower than the typical value, required for δ-phase transformation. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction patterns clearly indicate the δ-phase formation that limits the infrared vibrational spectroscopic technique due to identical molecular chain conformations to that of non-polar α-phase. The piezo- and ferro-electric response of δ-PVDF nanoparticles have been demonstrated through a scanning probe microscopic technique based on piezoresponse force microscopy. The localized piezoelectric response, indicated by d33 coefficient, is found to be ∼−11 pm/V. To utilize the distinct electromechanical response of δ-PVDF nanoparticles, the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) has been fabricated. Due to the stress confinement effect in the spherical shape of δ-PVDF nanoparticles, the PNG exhibits synergistic effect than that of the film-based counterpart. The maximum power, i.e., 930 μW/m2 determined by the PNG under ∼4.5 N of periodic force impact, indicates the potential to use it as a self-powered sensor. As a proof of concept, a self-powered pressure sensor mapping has been demonstrated for representing its realistic technological applicability.
Preferential photo-carrier exchange in (010) facet of BiVO4 with decorated CdS nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Wanhu , Zhang Zemin , Jiang Xiao , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Xie Mingzheng , Han Weihua
Published: December 2021

Crystal facet plays an important role in charge exchange in the crystal interface due to different surface energy and electronic structures in different crystal facets. It is expected to improve the photo-carrier collection efficiency in photocatalysis by tailoring the crystal facets of photocatalysts. In this work, BiVO4 nanosheets with the preferential (010) facet exposed and decorated with CdS nanoparticles were investigated as a model. Our results show that the preferential (010) facet exposed BiVO4 nanosheets have favorable photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction compared with random facet distributed polycrystalline BiVO4 in the same situation after combining with CdS nanoparticles. It is attributed to the specific exposure of the (010) facet of BiVO4 facilitating Z-schemed photo-carrier transfer in composites remarkably. An in-depth investigation of the surface photo-carrier migration by photoconductive atomic force microscopy revealed that photo-electrons of BiVO4 tend to accumulate in the (010) facet due to the lower surface potential energy and, therefore, facilitate the transfer to CdS. This work offers a feasible strategy to further improve the activity of composite photocatalysts by controlling the specific facet exposure.
Data-driven model development for large-eddy simulation of turbulence using gene-expression programing
Authors: Li Haochen , Zhao Yaomin , Wang Jianchun , Sandberg Richard D.
Published: December 2021

We apply the gene-expression programing (GEP) method to develop subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulations (LESs) of turbulence. The GEP model is trained based on Galilean invariants and tensor basis functions, and the training data are from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of incompressible isotropic turbulence. The model trained with GEP has been explicitly tested, showing that the GEP model can not only provide high correlation coefficients in a priori tests but also show great agreement with filtered DNS data when applied to LES. Compared to commonly used models like the dynamic Smagorinsky model and the dynamic mixed model, the GEP model provides significantly improved results on turbulence statistics and flow structures. Based on an analysis of the explicitly given model equation, the enhanced predictions are related to the fact that the GEP model is less dissipative and that it introduces high-order terms closely related to vorticity distribution. Furthermore, the GEP model with the explicit equation is straightforward to be applied in LESs, and its additional computational cost is substantially smaller than that of models trained with artificial neural networks with similar levels of predictive accuracies in a posteriori tests.
Valence band convergence and nanostructured phonon scattering trigger high thermoelectric performance in SnTe
Authors: Sarkar Debattam , Das Subarna , Biswas Kanishka
Published: December 2021

SnTe has recently emerged as a promising alternative to its structurally analogous title holder thermoelectric material PbTe for thermoelectric energy conversion. Herein, we show co-doping of multiple elements to enhance the thermoelectric performance in SnTe via concurrent electronic structure modulation and inhibition of phonon transports. Sb, Mn, and Se co-doped Sn0.7Ge0.3Te results in an optimized p-type carrier concentration and highly converged valence bands, which markedly increases its Seebeck coefficient. The difference in energy between light and heavy hole valence bands (ΔE) reduces to 0.12 eV in Sn0.57Ge0.3Sb0.1Mn0.03Te0.95Se0.05 compared to 0.35 eV for pristine SnTe, which eventually leads to an elevated power factor of ∼27.7 μW/cm K2 at 823 K. In addition, the drastic reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity to a low value of ∼0.57 W/m K at 823 K is obtained for Sn0.57Ge0.3Sb0.1Mn0.03Te0.95Se0.05 due to significant phonon scattering caused by the simultaneous effect of ferroelectric instability and the formation of nanoprecipitates (5–10 nm) in the SnTe matrix. As a synergy among the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, optimized charge carriers with enhanced valence band convergence, we obtained a high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of ∼1.35 at 823 K in Sn0.57Ge0.3Sb0.1Mn0.03Te0.95Se0.05.
Collimation effects controlled by near-zero refractive indices in highly anisotropic dielectric photonic crystals: Simulation and experiment
Authors: Jamilan Saeid , Danyal Muhammad , Semouchkina Elena
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate that 2D photonic crystals (PhCs), composed of dielectric rods and organized in rectangular lattices with precisely determined lattice constants, can support, at both TM and TE polarization of incident waves, unidirectional wave propagation with near-zero refractive indices (NZRIs) along short sides of unit cells. Wave propagation along the orthogonal direction, i.e., along long sides of unit cells, is fully suppressed that results in collimation of incident divergent waves. We show that the observed promising collimation effect is correlated with flat equi-frequency contours of PhCs, while operating frequency corresponds to the lower edge of the 2nd transmission band of the crystal media. For experimental verification of the simulation results, obtained by using full-wave electromagnetic solvers, we have recorded wave patterns beyond PhC fragment designed for operating frequency in the microwave range. Fabricated samples were composed of ceramic dielectric rods with mm-size diameters. The samples were illuminated by divergent TM polarized electromagnetic waves. Obtained results extend perspectives of low-loss artificial anisotropic media with NZRI properties for microwave and photonic applications.
Women’s knowledge and hypothetical acceptance of expedited partner therapy for chlamydia
Authors: Oglesby Ashley , Ricke Isabel , Swenson Alyssa , Lyden Grace R. , Moe Stacey , Doll Victoria , Nguyen Ruby H. N.
Published: December 2021

Background Expedited partner therapy (EPT) for chlamydia can be an important public health tool to treat the sex partners of newly diagnosed individuals, especially when those sex partners are women of reproductive ages. Untreated and repeat chlamydia infections increase a woman’s risk for subfertility. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of EPT, and the factors associated with EPT knowledge, among reproductive-aged women. Methods Women aged 18–40 years were recruited for a community sample from a large state fair; 871 women completed a questionnaire for this study. Women reported on their knowledge of sexually transmitted infections, and about their knowledge and attitudes toward EPT. Using a hypothetical example, women were asked if they would accept EPT. Results This community sample of reproductive-aged women found overwhelming hypothetical support for chlamydia testing, partner notification, and partner treatment. However, only 12% of women reported having heard of EPT prior to the survey; once EPT was described, there were high levels of support for EPT and the belief that EPT could reduce chlamydia rates. Half of the women strongly agreed that EPT could reduce chlamydia rates, and 48% supported the state law allowing for EPT. Working in the healthcare field was the only independent determinant of prior EPT knowledge, increasing the odds of hearing about EPT by more than 2.5-fold. Conclusions Despite overwhelming support of the tenets of EPT, our results indicate that prior knowledge of EPT is low among women, meaning that education about EPT is needed for those outside of the healthcare field.
Stripe order enhanced superconductivity in the Hubbard model
Authors: Jiang Hong-Chen , Kivelson Steven A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

The Hubbard model plays a central role in the theory of highly correlated systems. Its simplicity allows conceptual issues—which are generally complicated in the context of experiments on interesting materials—to be sharply posed and definitively answered. Recently, a variety of numerical studies have led to the conclusion that the “pure” Hubbard model on the square lattice at intermediate coupling,
U
, is not superconducting in the range of electron densities in which many previous approximate treatments had inferred high-temperature superconductivity. Here, using controlled density matrix renormalization group methods, we show that superconductivity is spectacularly enhanced if the hopping matrix elements are periodically modulated in a stripe-like pattern, with important (if suggestive) implications concerning the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity.
SF3B1 mutant-induced missplicing of MAP3K7 causes anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Lieu Yen K. , Liu Zhaoqi , Ali Abdullah M. , Wei Xin , Penson Alex , Zhang Jian , An Xiuli , Rabadan Raul , Raza Azra , Manley James L. , Mukherjee Siddhartha
Published: December 2021

Significance

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancy of the elderly in the United States, but what causes severe anemia in MDS has been unknown. Our findings provide a detailed mechanism underlying the origins of severe anemia and other cardinal phenotypes in MDS patients harboring
SF3B1
mutations, which are found in about a quarter of all MDS patients. In addition, we define a role of MAP3K7 and a MAP3K7-p38 MAPK axis in human terminal erythroid differentiation and created a SF3B1 cell model that recapitulates many of the terminal erythroid differentiation events of mutant SF3B1 MDS patients, which should prove valuable for developing novel drugs and therapies.
Circadian key component CLOCK/BMAL1 interferes with segmentation clock in mouse embryonic organoids
Authors: Umemura Yasuhiro , Koike Nobuya , Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Watanabe Hitomi , Kondoh Gen , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Yagita Kazuhiro
Published: December 2021

Significance

Although the circadian clock is essential for regulating the temporal order of physiological functions, circadian oscillation is strictly suppressed in the early-to-mid–stage embryos in mammalian developmental process. The biological significance controlling the suppression of the circadian clock and its delayed emergence in mammalian embryos has been unknown. Here, we show that the premature expression of the functional circadian components CLOCK/BMAL1 in mouse induced presomitic mesoderm and gastruloids can interfere with the segmentation clock
Hes7
oscillation and somitogenesis through the
Hes7
transcription and its regulatory pathways. This suggests that the CLOCK/BMAL1 function may need to be suppressed during somitogenesis.
De novo mutations in childhood cases of sudden unexplained death that disrupt intracellular Ca
2+
regulation
Authors: Halvorsen Matthew , Gould Laura , Wang Xiaohan , Grant Gariel , Moya Raquel , Rabin Rachel , Ackerman Michael J. , Tester David J. , Lin Peter T. , Pappas John G. , Maurano Matthew T. , Goldstein David B. , Tsien Richard W. , Devinsky Orrin
Published: December 2021

Significance

Approximately 400 United States children 1 y of age and older die suddenly from unexplained causes annually. We studied whole-exome sequence data from 124 “trios” (decedent child and living parents) to identify genetic risk factors. Nonsynonymous mutations, mostly de novo (present in child but absent in both biological parents), were highly enriched in genes associated with cardiac and seizure disorders relative to controls, and contributed to 9% of deaths. We found significant overtransmission of loss-of-function or pathogenic missense variants in cardiac and seizure disorder genes. Most pathogenic variants were de novo in origin, highlighting the importance of trio studies. Many of these pathogenic de novo mutations altered a protein network regulating calcium-related excitability at submembrane junctions in cardiomyocytes and neurons.
Rapid increases in shrubland and forest intrinsic water-use efficiency during an ongoing megadrought
Authors: Kannenberg Steven A. , Driscoll Avery W. , Szejner Paul , Anderegg William R. L. , Ehleringer James R.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Photosynthesis involves a tradeoff between the uptake of carbon and the loss of water. Intrinsic water-use efficiency is an indicator of this tradeoff that is pivotal for understanding plant responses to climate change. Global increases in atmospheric CO
2
concentration have increased intrinsic water-use efficiency, but this relationship is also modulated by water availability. Here, we have identified that a severe, multidecadal drought in the American Southwest has caused some of the largest increases in plant water-use efficiency ever observed. The increase was particularly large in shrubs, which dominate much of the landscape in the region. Given that water scarcity in the American Southwest is expected to worsen, these relationships have important implications for plant health and carbon and water cycling.
Toumeyella parvicornis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Toumeyella parvicornis
(Cockerell). Hemiptera: Coccidae. Hosts:
Pinus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Italy), North America (Canada, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States (Alabama, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin)).
Spectroscopic analysis of M- and N-intrashell transitions in Co-like to Na-like Yb ions
Authors: Silwal Roshani , Dipti Dipti , Takacs Endre , Dreiling Joan M. , Sanders Samuel C , Gall Amy Christina , B Hemalatha Rudramadevi , Gillaspy John D , Ralchenko Yuri
Published: December 2021

The M-intrashell spectra from Co-like Yb43+ through Na-like Yb59+ ions produced in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have been studied in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range. A few N-intrashell transitions for Co-like Yb43+ and Fe-like Yb44+ are also reported. The EUV radiation was observed with a ﬂat-ﬁeld grazing incidence spectrometer in the wavelength region of about 7.5 nm to 26.2 nm. The electron beam energies were varied between 3.6 keV and 18 keV to produce the ionization stages of interest. The line identiﬁcations were based on the large-scale simulations of the EBIT plasma emission using the non-Maxwellian collisional-radiative code NOMAD. A total of 76 previously unobserved spectral lines corresponding to electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions in the above mentioned ions were identiﬁed and discussed. In particular, our accurate wavelength of 24.3855±0.0005 nm for a magnetic-dipole (M1) transition in the ground conﬁguration of Co-like ion presents a solid benchmark for comparisons with the most advanced theories of atomic structure.
Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires
Authors: Marra Pasquale , Nigro Angela
Published: December 2021

Majorana bound states (MBS) and Andreev bound states (ABS) in realistic Majorana nanowires setups have similar experimental signatures which make them hard to distinguishing one from the other. Here, we characterize the continuous Majorana/Andreev crossover interpolating between fully-separated, partially-separated, and fully-overlapping Majorana modes, in terms of global and local topological invariants, fermion parity, quasiparticle densities, Majorana pseudospin and spin polarizations, density overlaps and transition probabilities between opposite Majorana components. We found that in inhomogeneous wires, the transition between fully-overlapping trivial ABS and nontrivial MBS does not necessarily mandate the closing of the bulk gap of quasiparticle excitations, but a simple parity crossing of partially-separated Majorana modes (ps-MM) from trivial to nontrivial regimes. We demonstrate that fully-separated and fully-overlapping Majorana modes correspond to the two limiting cases at the opposite sides of a continuous crossover: the only distinction between the two can be obtained by estimating the degree of separations of the Majorana components. This result does not contradict the bulk-edge correspondence: indeed, the field inhomogeneities driving the Majorana/Andreev crossover have a length scale comparable with the nanowire length, and therefore correspond to a nonlocal perturbation which breaks the topological protection of the MBS.
Binary Bose–Einstein condensates in a disordered time-dependent potential
Authors: Abbas Karima , Boudjemâa Abdelâali
Published: December 2021

We study the non-equilibrium evolution of binary Bose–Einstein condensates in the presence of a weak random potential with Gaussian correlation function using the time-dependent perturbation theory. We apply this theory to construct a closed set of equations that highlight the role of the spectacular interplay between the disorder and the interspecies interactions in the time evolution of the density induced by disorder in each component. It is found that this latter increases with time favoring localization of both species. The time scale at which the theory remains valid depends on the respective system parameters. We show analytically and numerically that such a system supports a steady state that periodically changing during its time propagation. The obtained dynamical corrections indicate that disorder may transform the system into a stationary out-of-equilibrium states. Understanding this time evolution is pivotal for the realization of Floquet condensates.
Silicene dynamic optical response in the presence of external electric and exchange fields
Authors: Mirzaei M , Vazifehshenas T , Salavati-fard T , Tanatar B
Published: December 2021

We investigate the dynamic optical transition of monolayer silicene in the presence of external electric and exchange fields within the low-energy tight-binding model. Applying external electric and exchange fields breaks the silicene band structure spin and valley degeneracies. Three phases of silicene corresponding to different strengths of perpendicular electric field with respect to the spin–orbit coupling (Δ
z
< Δso, Δ
z
= Δso and Δ
z
> Δso) are considered. We obtain the spin-valley-dependent optical responses to the incoming circularly polarized light using the Kubo formula. We show and discuss how the magnitude and direction of the transverse and longitudinal optical responses of such a system change with the electric and exchange fields. Our calculations suggest that the intraband part of the longitudinal optical response as well as the initial point of the interband part have strong dependencies on the exchange field. Furthermore, we show that one of the spin subbands plays a dominant role in the response to polarized light. Depending on the type of incident light polarization, the dominant subband may change. Our results shed light on the relation between silicene dynamic optical responses and externally applied fields.
Mesoscopic scale simulation and wear investigation of self-lubricating fabric liner based on representative volume element
Authors: Xue Yahong , Wang Xudong , Yan Shicheng , Wang Jutao , Zhou Haibo
Published: December 2021

As the self-lubricating layer of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, fabric liner shows obvious heterogeneous anisotropic characteristics, so it is a technical difficulty to predict its wear properties. In this paper, the continuous wear of self-lubricating fabric liner was simulated based on the mesoscopic scale wear model. The macroscopic wear properties of the fabric liner were characterized by establishing a representative volume element, and subsequently imposing periodic boundary restrictions on periodic surfaces. In order to avoid excessive mesh distortion, voxel grids meshing method was used, and then continuous wear of the heterogeneous material was realized by adjusting node coordinates and combining nodes. Detailed comparison between simulation prediction results and wear test data of fabric liner was made. The good correlation of the results confirmed that the mesoscopic scale wear model could be used in accurately predict the tribological performance of fabric composite.
Experimental study of charging of dust grains in the presence of energetic electrons
Authors: Paul R , Sharma G , Deka K , Adhikari S , Moulick R , Kausik S S , Saikia B K
Published: December 2021

The role of hot electrons in the charging of dust grains is investigated in a two temperature hydrogen plasma. A variety of dust particles are introduced into the system and secondary electron emission (SEE) from each of the dust types has been reported. A cylindrical Langmuir probe is used for determining the plasma parameters and a Faraday cup is connected to an electrometer in order to measure the dust current. The electrometer readings confirm the electron emission from the dust and SEE is observed from the tungsten dust in a low-pressure experimental plasma device for the first time.
Study on onset of nucleate boiling with screw tube for fusion reactor application
Authors: Lim Ji Hwan , Park Minkyu
Published: December 2021

The onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) is the point at which the heat transfer mechanism in fluids changes and is one of the thermo-hydraulic factors that must be considered when establishing a cooling system operation strategy. Because the high heat flux of several MW m−2, which is loaded within a tokamak, is applied under a one-side heating condition, it is necessary to determine a correlative relation that can predict ONB under special heating conditions. In this study, the ONB of a one-side-heated screw tube was experimentally analyzed via a subcooled flow boiling experiment. The helical nut structure of the screw tube flow path wall allows for improved heat transfer performance relative to plain tubes, providing a screw tube with a 53.98% higher ONB than a plain tube. The effects of the system parameters on the ONB heat flux were analyzed based on the changes in the heat transfer mechanism, with the results indicating that the flow rate and degree of subcooling are proportional to the ONB heat flux because increasing these factors improves the forced convection heat transfer and increases the condensation rate, respectively. However, it was observed that the liquid surface tension and latent heat decrease as the pressure increases, leading to a decrease in the ONB heat flux. An evaluation of the predictive performance of existing ONB correlations revealed that most have high error rates because they were developed based on ONB experiments on micro-channels or plain tubes and not under one-side high heat load conditions. To address this, we used dimensional analysis based on Python code to develop new ONB correlations that reflect the influence of system parameters.
Groundwater Recharge Assessment using Geographic Information System APLIS Method in Donorojo Karst Area, Pacitan
Authors: Hardyani P V , Bahri A S , Hariyanto T , Parnadi W W , Rosandi Y , Sunardi  , Alita E W , Widodo A , Purwanto M S
Published: December 2021

Karst aquifers can be a source of water supply, especially for the community in Donorojo District, which is one of the areas with the worst drought crisis in Pacitan Regency and requires a sustainable solution to the problem of water needs. Therefore, the study and management of karst formations are very important because of their abundance and potential in forming subsurface aquifer karst aquifers. The recharge rate is one of the basic parameters in the management of the consumption and maintenance of this resource. In addition, the distribution of aquifer locations, aquifer characteristics, and the quality of groundwater forming the aquifer need to be known. This study aims to assess aquifers in the Karst area of Donorojo, Pacitan based on recharge rate and spatial distribution. The APLIS method can estimate surface recharge rates and present the results as a map of the spatial distribution of aquifer recharge rates by utilizing a Geographical Information System (GIS). The results of the analysis using the APLIS method, the groundwater recharge rate in the Donorojo Pacitan karst area is divided into 4 classes, namely very low, low, moderate, and high. Almost the entire Donorojo karst area has a high groundwater recharge rate, this means that the area needs to be used as a groundwater protection zone and it is important to carry out good groundwater management, especially to overcome the problem of drought.
Fabrication of an acetone gas sensor based on Si-doped WO3 nanorods prepared by reactive magnetron co-sputtering with OAD technique
Authors: Sucharitakul Waraporn , Sukee Anupong , Leuasoongnoen Pimchanok , Horprathum Mati , Lertvanithphol Tossaporn , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Mitsomwang Pusit , Sindhupakorn Bura
Published: December 2021

Gas sensing technology is currently applied in a variety of applications. In medical applications, gas sensors can be used for the detection of the biomarker in various diseases, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, asthma, renal, liver diseases, and lung cancer. In this study, we present acetone sensing characteristics of Si-doped WO3 nanorods prepared by a DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering with an oblique-angle deposition (OAD) technique. The composition of Si-doped in WO3 has been studied by varying the electrical input power applied to the Si sputtered target. The nanorods film was constructed at the glancing angle of 85°. After deposition, the films were annealed at 400 °C for 4 h in the air. The microstructures and phases of the materials were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that 1.43 wt% Si-doped WO3 thin film exhibited the maximum response of 5.92 towards 100 ppm of acetone at performing temperature (350 °C), purifying dry air carrier. The process exposed in this work demonstrated the potential of high sensitivity acetone gas sensor at low concentration and may be used as an effective tool for diabetes non-invasive monitoring.