bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Excited States of Indigo Derivatives in their Reduced Forms
Authors: Rondão Raquel , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio , Voss Gundula
Published: April 2010

A comprehensive characterization of the electronic spectral and photophysical properties of the leuco (reduced) form of several indigo derivatives, including indigo and Tyrian Purple, with di‐, tetra‐, and hexa‐substitution, was obtained in solution. The characterization involves absorption, fluorescence, and triplet–triplet absorption spectra, together with quantitative measurements of quantum yields of fluorescence, ϕF (0.46–0.04), intersystem crossing, ϕT (0.013–0.034), internal conversion, ϕIC, and the corresponding lifetimes. The position and degree of substitution promote differences in the spectral and photophysical properties displayed by the investigated leuco derivatives. The ϕF values are about two orders of magnitude higher than those previously obtained for the corresponding keto forms. Also in contrast with the behavior found for the keto forms, the S1∼∼→T1 intersystem crossing is an efficient route for the excited‐state deactivation channel. These findings strengthen the fact that, in contrast to keto indigo where the internal conversion dominates the deactivation of the excited‐state, with leuco indigo (and derivatives), the excited state deactivation involves competition between internal conversion, triplet state formation, and fluorescence. A time‐resolved investigation of one of the compounds in glycerol showed the presence of a photoisomerization process.
Simulation von Mauerwerk aus Kalksandsteinen unter Brandbeanspruchung
Authors: Schlegel Roger , Meyer Günter , Claessens Arthur , González Antonio Caballero
Published: April 2010

(Fortsetzung aus Heft 1/2010)
Diabetes and dialysis: Nutrition care challenges
Authors: Schatz Sharon R.
Published: April 2010

The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) 2010 Spring Clinical Meetings this month in Orlando will present a session entitled “Glucose Management in ESRD: Do No Harm.” The author of this paper will be speaking on the topic of diabetes and dialysis.
Mere odor exposure learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth and 1 day later
Authors: Miller Stacie S. , Spear Norman E.
Published: April 2010

Rat pups are more resistant to retroactive associative interference 3 hr after birth than 24 hr later [Cheslock et al. [2004] Developmental Science, 7, 581–598]. The present experiments tested the effect of age, retention interval and dam presence during the retention interval on odor‐induced motor activity subsequent to mere odor exposure. Rats were exposed to an hour of odor immediately after birth or approximately 1 day later and tested after a given retention interval (3 or 27 hr [Exp 1]; 0, 30, 75, or 180 min [Exp. 2]). They spent the retention interval either in the presence or absence of a foster dam (Exp. 1 and 3). After the retention interval, pups were tested in a 4‐min activity test including a 2‐min baseline period and 2 min of odor exposure. Overall activity was scored during tape‐playback. Odor‐exposed pups were more active than nonexposed pups during reexposure to the odor during testing, but this was true only for P0 pups. In contrast, P1 pups without prior odor exposure were active during testing and behaviorally quieted in the presence of the odor they were previously exposed to. Though 1 day apart, newborn rats just hours old lack many of the experiences that a 1‐day‐old has had including nursing, huddling, and being groomed. These experiences are associated with, among other stimuli, a barrage of olfactory cues (e.g., colostrum, saliva, dander, feces, and urine). P0 and P1 pups also differ in their proximity from the birthing experience and associated neurochemical changes. The age‐related pattern of responding to odors based on previous odor exposure was discussed in relation to these and other possibilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 343–351, 2010.
Pyridazine‐Based Ligands and Their Coordinating Ability towards First‐Row Transition Metals
Authors: Grünwald Katrin R. , Saischek Gerald , Volpe Manuel , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C.
Published: April 2010

Tridentate pyridazine ligands with two different substituents at the 3‐ and 6‐positions (pyridyl hydrazone at the 3‐position and tolyl 3tol or tert‐butyl 3tBu at the 6‐position) were prepared in high yields from 3,6‐disubstituted pyridazine hydrazines and pyridine aldehyde by Schiff base condensation. This provides a facile entry into a novel class of heterocyclic molecules exhibiting interesting coordinating abilities. They react with first‐row transition metal nitrates to yield complexes of the type [ML2](NO3)2 (L = 3tol; M = Co 4, M = Ni 5, M = Zn 7) and [ML(NO3)2] (L = 3tol, M = Cu 6; L = 3tBu, M = Ni 8, M = Cu 9, M = Zn 10) as crystalline solids. With the exception of copper compound 6 all complexes employing ligand 3tol form complexes of the ML2 type, whereas with ligand 3tBu exclusively complexes of the ML type are formed, which demonstrates the influence of the substituent at the 6‐position despite its being located far from the coordination site. This points to a pronounced electronic effect. Molecular structures of all complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealing six‐coordinate metal centers in a N6 coordination sphere consisting of two ligands 3 or in a N3O3 sphere with one ligand and two nitrates in the O,‐ and O,O′‐coordination modes, respectively. Diamagnetic zinc complexes 7 and 10 were characterized in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy. All other complexes are paramagnetic (Evans' method). The redox behavior of all complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that the complexes possess the same stoichiometry in solution and in the solid state.
Quantification of taurine and amino acids in mice single fibrosarcoma cell by microchip electrophoresis coupled with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Ye Fanggui , Huang Yong , Xu Qing , Shi Ming , Zhao Shulin
Published: April 2010

A method based on MCE coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the determination of taurine (Tau) and amino acids including alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly), tryptophan (Trp), glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) present in mice single fibrosarcoma (S180) cells. Cell injection, loading, cytolysis, electrophoretic separation and CL detection were integrated onto a simple double‐T microfluidic chip. The intracellular constituents were electrophoretically separated within 150 s. The CL detection was based on the enhancement effects of Tau and amino acids on the CL reaction of luminol with H2O2 and Cu2+. The average amounts of Tau, Trp, Gly, Ala, Glu and Asp in per S180 cell from a cell population were 4.73, 1.23, 2.65, 1.94, 1.61 and 1.99 fmol. Ten S180 cells were analyzed, and the contents of Tau, Trp, Gly, Ala, Glu and Asp in mice single S180 cells were found to be in the range of 1.78–8.84, 0.95–2.31, 1.08–6.87, 1.03–4.05, 0.84–2.61 and 0.82–3.68 fmol, respectively. This work demonstrates that MCE coupled with CL detection is a useful analytical tool that is simple, quick and highly sensitive for single‐cell analysis.
Assessing the link between BACH1/FANCJ and MLH1 in DNA crosslink repair
Authors: Cantor Sharon B. , Xie Jenny
Published: April 2010

FANCJ (also known as BRIP1 or BACH1) is a DNA helicase that was originally identified by its direct interaction with the hereditary breast cancer protein, BRCA1. Similar to BRCA1, FANCJ function is essential for DNA repair and breast cancer suppression. FANCJ is also mutated in the cancer prone syndrome Fanconi anemia, for which patient cells are characterized by extreme sensitivity to agents that generate DNA interstand crosslinks. Unexpectedly, correction of the interstrand crosslink sensitivity of FANCJ‐null patient cells did not require the FANCJ/BRCA1 interaction. Instead, FANCJ binding to the mismatch repair protein, MLH1 was required. Given this finding, we address the role of FANCJ and MLH1 in DNA crosslink processing and how their functions could be linked in checkpoint and/or recombination pathways. We speculate that after DNA crosslink processing and repair, the FANCJ/MLH1 interaction is critical for recovery and restart of replication. These ideas are considered and summarized in this review. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping reliability in multicenter MRI: Voxel‐based morphometry and cortical thickness
Authors: Schnack Hugo G. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Brouwer Rachel M. , van Baal G. Caroline M. , Picchioni Marco , Weisbrod Matthias , Sauer Heinrich , Cannon Tyrone D. , Huttunen Matti , Lepage Claude , Collins D. Louis , Evans Alan , Murray Robin M. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E.
Published: April 2010

Multicenter structural MRI studies can have greater statistical power than single‐center studies. However, across‐center differences in contrast sensitivity, spatial uniformity, etc., may lead to tissue classification or image registration differences that could reduce or wholly offset the enhanced statistical power of multicenter data. Prior work has validated volumetric multicenter MRI, but robust methods for assessing reliability and power of multisite analyses with voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and cortical thickness measurement (CORT) are not yet available. We developed quantitative methods to investigate the reproducibility of VBM and CORT to detect group differences and estimate heritability when MRI scans from different scanners running different acquisition protocols in a multicenter setup are included. The method produces brain maps displaying information such as lowest detectable effect size (or heritability) and effective number of subjects in the multicenter study. We applied the method to a five‐site multicenter calibration study using scanners from four different manufacturers, running different acquisition protocols. The reliability maps showed an overall good comparability between the sites, providing a reasonable gain in sensitivity in most parts of the brain. In large parts of the cerebrum and cortex scan pooling improved heritability estimates, with “effective‐N” values upto the theoretical maximum. For some areas, “optimal‐pool” maps indicated that leaving out a site would give better results. The reliability maps also reveal which brain regions are in any case difficult to measure reliably (e.g., around the thalamus). These tools will facilitate the design and analysis of multisite VBM and CORT studies for detecting group differences and estimating heritability. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deontological and altruistic guilt: Evidence for distinct neurobiological substrates
Authors: Basile Barbara , Mancini Francesco , Macaluso Emiliano , Caltagirone Carlo , Frackowiak Richard S.J. , Bozzali Marco
Published: April 2010

The feeling of guilt is a complex mental state underlying several human behaviors in both private and social life. From a psychological and evolutionary viewpoint, guilt is an emotional and cognitive function, characterized by prosocial sentiments, entailing specific moral believes, which can be predominantly driven by inner values (deontological guilt) or by more interpersonal situations (altruistic guilt). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a distinct neurobiological substrate for these two expressions of guilt in healthy individuals. We first run two behavioral studies, recruiting a sample of 72 healthy volunteers, to validate a set of stimuli selectively evoking deontological and altruistic guilt, or basic control emotions (i.e., anger and sadness). Similar stimuli were reproduced in a event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, to investigate the neural correlates of the same emotions, in a new sample of 22 healthy volunteers. We show that guilty emotions, compared to anger and sadness, activate specific brain areas (i.e., cingulate gyrus and medial frontal cortex) and that different neuronal networks are involved in each specific kind of guilt, with the insula selectively responding to deontological guilt stimuli. This study provides evidence for the existence of distinct neural circuits involved in different guilty feelings. This complex emotion might account for normal individual attitudes and deviant social behaviors. Moreover, an abnormal processing of specific guilt feelings might account for some psychopathological manifestation, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder and depression. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered functional connectivity in default mode network in absence epilepsy: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Luo Cheng , Li Qifu , Lai Yongxiu , Xia Yang , Qin Yun , Liao Wei , Li Shasha , Zhou Dong , Yao Dezhong , Gong Qiyong
Published: April 2010

Dysfunctional default mode network (DMN) has been observed in various mental disorders, including epilepsy (see review Broyd et al. [2009]: Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:279–296). Because interictal epileptic discharges may affect DMN, resting‐state fMRI was used in this study to determine DMN functional connectivity in 14 healthy controls and 12 absence epilepsy patients. To avoid interictal epileptic discharge effects, testing was performed within interictal durations when there were no interictal epileptic discharges. Cross‐correlation functional connectivity analysis with seed at posterior cingulate cortex, as well as region‐wise calculation in DMN, revealed decreased integration within DMN in the absence epilepsy patients. Region‐wise functional connectivity among the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe was significantly decreased in the patient group. Moreover, functional connectivity between the frontal and parietal lobe revealed a significant negative correlation with epilepsy duration. These findings indicated DMN abnormalities in patients with absence epilepsy, even during resting interictal durations without interictal epileptic discharges. Abnormal functional connectivity in absence epilepsy may reflect abnormal anatomo‐functional architectural integration in DMN, as a result of cognitive mental impairment and unconsciousness during absence seizure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibre optic sensor for non‐invasive monitoring of blood pressure during MRI scanning
Authors: Myllylä Teemu S. , Elseoud Ahmed A. , Sorvoja Hannu S. S. , Myllylä Risto A. , Harja Juha M. , Nikkinen Juha , Tervonen Osmo , Kiviniemi Vesa
Published: April 2010

This report focuses on designing and implementing a non‐invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measuring device capable of being used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on measuring pulse wave velocity in arterial blood, the device uses the obtained result to estimate diastolic blood pressure. Pulse transit times are measured by two fibre optical accelerometers placed over the chest and carotid artery. The fabricated accelerometer contains two static fibres and a cantilever beam, whose free end is angled at 90 degrees to act as a reflecting surface. Optical fibres are used for both illuminating the surface and receiving the reflected light. When acceleration is applied to the sensor, it causes a deflection in the beam, thereby changing the amount of reflected light. The sensor's output voltage is proportional to the intensity of the reflected light. Tests conducted on the electronics and sensors inside an MRI room during scanning proved that the device is MR‐ compatible. No artifacts or distortions were detected. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bribery and corruption
Authors: Tackett James A.
Published: April 2010

Last year will be remembered for the greatest economic downturn since the Great Depression. It will also be remembered for unprecedented violations of trust from our political and financial leaders. But despite high‐profile cases like the Madoff scandal, bribery and corruption occur on a routine basis throughout the business world. The author discusses the most common examples of bribery and corruption, as well as some precautions for their detection and prevention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current issues challenging the profession
Authors: Ciesielski Jack T. , Weirich Thomas R.
Published: April 2010

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants held its annual Current Securities and Exchange Commission and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Conference on December 7–9, 2009. As auditors deal with various client accounting issues, and serve as gatekeepers in the whole financial reporting process, the topics presented at the conference serve as reminders for smart auditors—who incorporate them into their audit plans.

The authors provide an overview of the issues and challenges discussed at the conference. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cap‐and‐trade: Accounting fraud and other problems
Authors: Lindquist Stanton C. , Goldberg Stephen R.
Published: April 2010

Cap‐and‐trade schemes have been proposed to control carbon emissions that are said to cause climate change. But what issues must be resolved to implement a cap‐and‐trade system? What accounting issues need to be addressed? And what types of fraud might such a system produce? The authors take a critical look at these problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are you ready for the audit challenges of 2010?
Authors: Smith Gordon
Published: April 2010

Last year, the author saw a significant increase in the number of organizations that had to report the loss of confidential information. Clearly, the situation is getting worse. Yet most organizations are not increasing the scope of internal audits to identify flaws susceptible to fraud. How prepared is your company? © 2010 Canaudit, Inc., reprinted with permission
The determinants of overhead assignment sophistication in product costing systems
Authors: Brierley John A.
Published: April 2010

What factors influence the sophistication of a company's product costing system? Maybe not surprisingly, the answer seems to be “parent companies,” when they exist. Otherwise, the degree of importance of product cost information in decision making at the company plays a big role, as this article explains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of ant colony optimization in development of models for prediction of anti‐HIV‐1 activity of HEPT derivatives
Authors: Zare‐shahabadi Vali , Abbasitabar Fatemeh
Published: April 2010

Quantitative structure–activity relationship models were derived for 107 analogs of 1‐[(2‐hydroxyethoxy) methyl]‐6‐(phenylthio)thymine, a potent inhibitor of the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. The activities of these compounds were investigated by means of multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. An ant colony optimization algorithm, called Memorized_ACS, was applied for selecting relevant descriptors and detecting outliers. This algorithm uses an external memory based upon knowledge incorporation from previous iterations. At first, the memory is empty, and then it is filled by running several ACS algorithms. In this respect, after each ACS run, the elite ant is stored in the memory and the process is continued to fill the memory. Here, pheromone updating is performed by all elite ants collected in the memory; this results in improvements in both exploration and exploitation behaviors of the ACS algorithm. The memory is then made empty and is filled again by performing several ACS algorithms using updated pheromone trails. This process is repeated for several iterations. At the end, the memory contains several top solutions for the problem. Number of appearance of each descriptor in the external memory is a good criterion for its importance. Finally, prediction is performed by the elitist ant, and interpretation is carried out by considering the importance of each descriptor. The best MLR model has a training error of 0.47 log (1/EC50) units (R2 = 0.90) and a prediction error of 0.76 log (1/EC50) units (R2 = 0.88). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Using one‐step perturbation to predict the effect of changing force‐field parameters on the simulated folding equilibrium of a β‐peptide in solution
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Liu Haiyan , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: April 2010

Computer simulation using molecular dynamics is increasingly used to simulate the folding equilibria of peptides and small proteins. Yet, the quality of the obtained results depends largely on the quality of the force field used. This comprises the solute as well as the solvent model and their energetic and entropic compatibility. It is, however, computational very expensive to perform test simulations for each combination of force‐field parameters. Here, we use the one‐step perturbation technique to predict the change of the free enthalpy of folding of a β‐peptide in methanol solution due to changing a variety of force‐field parameters. The results show that changing the solute backbone partial charges affects the folding equilibrium, whereas this is relatively insensitive to changes in the force constants of the torsional energy terms of the force field. Extending the cut‐off distance for nonbonded interactions beyond 1.4 nm does not affect the folding equilibrium. The same result is found for a change of the reaction‐field permittivity for methanol from 17.7 to 30. The results are not sensitive to the criterion, e.g., atom‐positional RMSD or number of hydrogen bonds, that is used to distinguish folded and unfolded conformations. Control simulations with perturbed Hamiltonians followed by backward one‐step perturbation indicated that quite large perturbations still yield reliable results. Yet, perturbing all solvent molecules showed where the limitations of the one‐step perturbation technique are met. The evaluated methodology constitutes an efficient tool in force‐field development for molecular simulation by reducing the number of required separate simulations by orders of magnitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Histone chaperones, histone acetylation, and the fluidity of the chromogenome
Authors: Hansen Jeffrey C. , Nyborg Jennifer K. , Luger Karolin , Stargell Laurie A.
Published: April 2010

The “chromogenome” is defined as the structural and functional status of the genome at any given moment within a eukaryotic cell. This article focuses on recently uncovered relationships between histone chaperones, post‐translational acetylation of histones, and modulation of the chromogenome. We emphasize those chaperones that function in a replication‐independent manner, and for which three‐dimensional structural information has been obtained. The emerging links between histone acetylation and chaperone function in both yeast and higher metazoans are discussed, including the importance of nucleosome‐free regions. We close by posing many questions pertaining to how the coupled action of histone chaperones and acetylation influences chromogenome structure and function. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 289–299, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of adult bone turnover by sex steroids
Authors: Frenkel Baruch , Hong Albert , Baniwal Sanjeev K. , Coetzee Gerhard A. , Ohlsson Claes , Khalid Omar , Gabet Yankel
Published: April 2010

Recent reports reveal increasing complexity of mechanisms underlying the bone sparing effects of sex steroids. This review focuses on mechanisms by which sex steroids attenuate endocortical and trabecular adult bone turnover, perhaps their most important property as bone mass regulators. Clearly, estrogen withdrawal increases osteoclast number and bone resorption; however, important open questions are the extent to which osteoblasts and their precursors are involved, and the relative contributions of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system, Fas ligand and Runx2. In addition to reviewing these aspects of estrogen action, we also discuss proskeletal effects of androgens on the adult male skeleton, including aromatization to estrogens and male‐specific mechanisms. Detailed understanding of skeletal site‐ and gender‐dependent mechanisms by which sex steroids protect the adult skeleton will provide the foundation for improved risk assessment, prevention and management of osteoporosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 305–310, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shepherding AKT and androgen receptor by Ack1 tyrosine kinase
Authors: Mahajan Kiran , Mahajan Nupam P.
Published: April 2010

Ack1 (also known as ACK, TNK2, or activated Cdc42 kinase) is a structurally unique non‐receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed in diverse cell types. It integrates signals from plethora of ligand‐activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), for example, MERTK, EGFR, HER2, PDGFR and insulin receptor to initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Ack1 transduces extracellular signals to cytosolic and nuclear effectors such as the protein kinase AKT/PKB and androgen receptor (AR), to promote cell survival and growth. While tyrosine phosphorylation of AR at Tyr267 regulates androgen‐independent recruitment of AR to the androgen‐responsive enhancers and transcription of AR target genes to drive prostate cancer progression, phosphorylation of an evolutionarily conserved Tyrosine 176 in the kinase domain of AKT is essential for mitotic progression and positively correlates with breast cancer progression. In contrast to AR and AKT, Ack1‐mediated phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor Wwox at Tyr287 lead to rapid Wwox polyubiquitination followed by degradation. Thus, by its ability to promote tumor growth by negatively regulating tumor suppressor such as Wwox and positively regulating pro‐survival factors such as AKT and AR, Ack1 is emerging as a critical player in cancer biology. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of Ack1 signaling in normal cells and the consequences of its hyperactivation in various cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 327–333, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct and progressive differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into the chondrogenic lineage
Authors: Gong Guochun , Ferrari Deborah , Dealy Caroline N. , Kosher Robert A.
Published: April 2010

Treatment of common and debilitating degenerative cartilage diseases particularly osteoarthritis is a clinical challenge because of the limited capacity of the tissue for self‐repair. Because of their unlimited capacity for self‐renewal and ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potentially powerful tool for repair of cartilage defects. The primary objective of the present study was to develop culture systems and conditions that enable hESCs to directly and uniformly differentiate into the chondrogenic lineage without prior embryoid body (EB) formation, since the inherent cellular heterogeneity of EBs hinders obtaining homogeneous populations of chondrogenic cells that can be used for cartilage repair. To this end, we have subjected undifferentiated pluripotent hESCs to the high density micromass culture conditions we have extensively used to direct the differentiation of embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes. We report that micromass cultures of pluripotent hESCs undergo direct, rapid, progressive, and substantially uniform chondrogenic differentiation in the presence of BMP2 or a combination of BMP2 and TGF‐β1, signaling molecules that act in concert to regulate chondrogenesis in the developing limb. The gene expression profiles of hESC‐derived cultures harvested at various times during the progression of their differentiation has enabled us to identify cultures comprising cells in different phases of the chondrogenic lineage ranging from cultures just entering the lineage to well differentiated chondrocytes. Thus, we are poised to compare the abilities of hESC‐derived progenitors in different phases of the chondrogenic lineage for cartilage repair. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 664–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An empirical evaluation of three popular training programs to improve interpersonal skills
Authors: Kraiger Kurt , Kirkpatrick Stephen
Published: April 2010

As part of their talent development efforts, organizations implement training and development programs that often include some form of interpersonal or behavioral assessment. The study examined in this article compares three popular interpersonal skills training programs for measuring and understanding one's interpersonal style: Inscape's DiSC model, TRACOM Group's Social Style Model, and Consulting Psychologist Press's Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator. The facilitators found that participants in each program held positive reactions to training; participants in the Social Style training scored significantly higher than did participants in the DiSC and MBTI programs on a learning measure; and participants in the Social Style training scored significantly higher than did participants in the DiSC and MBTI programs on two measures of participants' skill at analyzing and responding to the interpersonal behaviors of others.
Should leaders cultivate love or fear?: Humanistic leadership versus the machiavellian prince
Authors: Kirkpatrick J. Stephen
Published: April 2010

Heroic Leadership: Best Practices from a 450‐Year‐Old Company That Changed the World

By Chris Lowney

Chicago: Loyola Press, 2005. 330 pp. ISBN 978‐0829421156. $16.95.

Reviewed by J. Stephen Kirkpatrick, Ph.D.
Trauma in organizations: Prevention and treatment with emergent strategies from alternative psychology
Authors: Hartung John , Nagireddy Chandra
Published: April 2010

Effective organizations intend to select employees who are already emotionally healthy and can be resilient in the face of difficult challenges. There is also growing interest in helping employees learn to be even more resilient, on the principle that prevention is preferred to subsequent treatment. Plans are also made for treatment for situations where selection and prevention efforts prove inadequate and when employees become negatively affected by difficult events. This article describes innovative strategies that can be used for both prevention and treatment.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and the perceived consequences of seeking therapy among U.S. Army special forces operators exposed to combat
Authors: Espinoza Jessica M.
Published: April 2010

The goal of this study was to ascertain the level of PTSD symptoms experienced by Special Forces Operators (SFOs) who have been exposed to combat and compare these rates to the PTSD rates of the general U.S. population and general military population. A secondary goal was to discover whether SFOs were aware that therapy was available to them through the U.S. Army and, if so, whether they would seek this therapy for PTSD. The last goal was to discover whether SFOs who chose not to seek therapy while still serving did so because they feared negative consequences. Data were collected from 68 SFOs who had been exposed to combat. Results indicated that SFOs are experiencing symptoms of PTSD at a rate that is higher than that of the general U.S. population and somewhat lower than that of the general military population. Also, results indicated that a large percentage of the sample would not seek treatment for PTSD due to perceived negative consequences.
A kinetic study of the reactions of sulfate and dihydrogen phosphate radicals with epicatechin, epicatechingallate, and epigalocatechingallate
Authors: Villata Laura S. , Gonzalez Mónica C. , Mártire Daniel O.
Published: April 2010

The bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of sulfate radicals with epicatechin (EC), epicatechingallate (ECG), and epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) were found to be (1.46 ± 0.06) × 109, (1.20 ± 0.08) × 109, and (1.04 ± 0.07) × 109, respectively. The activation energy [EA = 9 ± 3 kJ mol−1] and preexponential factor [A = (4.8 ± 0.6) × 1010] for the reaction of EC with the sulfate radical were measured in the temperature range 288–303 K. The phenoxyl radicals of EC (λmax = 310 nm) were obtained both by the reaction of this flavonoid with the sulfate radicals and by photoionization. The measured bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of the dihydrogen phosphate radicals with EC, ECG, and EGCG were (7.8 ± 0.9) × 108, (8.5 ± 0.4) × 108, and (6.8 ± 0.4) × 108, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 391–396, 2010
A 13‐year‐old girl with proximal weakness and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with danon disease
Authors: Kim Hunmin , Cho Anna , Lim Byung Chan , Kim Min Jung , Kim Ki Joong , Nishino Ichizo , Hwang Yong Seung , Chae Jong‐Hee
Published: April 2010

Danon disease is caused by deficiency of lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐2 (LAMP‐2). It is characterized clinically by cardiomyopathy, myopathy, and mental retardation in boys. Herein we report a 13‐year‐old female patient with Danon disease who presented with early‐onset skeletal myopathy and cardiomyopathy. She had a de novo novel mutation in the LAMP2 gene, and her muscles showed many autophagic vacuoles with sarcolemmal features and complete absence of LAMP‐2 expression. To the best of our knowledge, this girl is one of the earliest‐onset manifesting carriers of Danon disease with typical muscle pathology. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Localization of frequency‐dependent conduction block in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Watson Bradley V. , Doherty Timothy J.
Published: April 2010

Frequency‐dependent conduction block (FDB) has been demonstrated in subjects with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) when the median nerve was stimulated at 30‐HZ frequency proximal to the carpal tunnel (CT). However, it was still questionable whether FDB occurred within the region of the CT or more distally. High‐frequency nerve stimulation (HFNS) was performed in controls and in CTS subjects while stimulating the median nerve proximal and distal to the carpal tunnel. The degree of FDB was measured by comparing the 20th thenar CMAP with the 1st following a train of 20 stimuli at 30‐HZ. FDB occurred across the CT in 11/12 studies (91.7%) and across the distal portion of the palmar aponeurosis–distal terminal motor branches in 5 of the 11 studies (41.7%). These results suggest that the safety margin for impulse transmission can be impaired distal to the presumed site of injury in CTS. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Electrophysiological characteristics of motor units and muscle fibers in trained and untrained young male subjects
Authors: Duez Lene , Qerama Erisela , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders , Bangsbo Jens , Jensen Troels S.
Published: April 2010

We hypothesized that the amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and interference pattern analysis (IPA) would be larger in trained subjects compared with untrained subjects, possibly due to hypertrophy of muscle fibers and/or increased central drive. Moreover, we hypothesized that the untrained muscle is less excitable compared with the trained muscle. An electromyographic (EMG) needle electrode was used to record the IPA at maximal voluntary effort. The CMAP was obtained by stimulating the musculocutaneous nerve and recording the brachial biceps muscle using surface electrodes. CMAPs were obtained by direct muscle stimulation (DMS) with two stainless‐steel subdermal electrodes placed subcutaneously in the distal third of the muscle. Amplitudes of CMAP and IPA were significantly larger in trained subjects compared with untrained subjects. We found no differences between trained and untrained subjects in IPA power spectrum and turns per second or amplitude of the CMAPs obtained by DMS. Muscle fiber hypertrophy and/or altered central drive may account for our results, but there was no indication of changes in muscle fiber excitability. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Localization of motor nerve branches of the human psoas muscle
Authors: Van Campenhout Anja , Hubens Guy , Fagard Katrien , Molenaers Guy
Published: April 2010

Endplate‐targeted botulinum toxin injections can achieve optimal neuromuscular blockade. The goal of this study was to identify the motor endplate (MEP) zone in the human psoas muscle through dissection. In 24 human cadaver psoas muscles the nerve branches and their intramuscular course were followed by stereoscopic microscopic dissection as far as their terminal ramifications. From the lumbar plexus, an average of 3.7 (range 2–7) nerve branches enter the psoas muscle. The proximal and distal limit of the MEP‐zone are situated at about 30% and 70%, respectively, of the distance between the twelfth thoracic vertebra (Th12) and the passing of the psoas under the inguinal ligament. In reference to the sacral promontory (P), these limits are respectively from 50% of the Th12‐P distance to 20% of the P‐pubis distance. This study of the MEP zone of the human psoas muscle can allow the clinician to inject BTX‐A close to its site of action. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Fus gene mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rademakers Rosa , Stewart Heather , Dejesus‐Hernandez Mariely , Krieger Charles , Graff‐Radford Neill , Fabros Marife , Briemberg Hannah , Cashman Neil , Eisen Andrew , Mackenzie Ian R.A.
Published: April 2010

Mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene have recently been found to cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). We screened FUS in a cohort of 200 ALS patients [32 FALS and 168 sporadic ALS (SALS)]. In one FALS proband, we identified a mutation (p.R521C) that was also present in her affected daughter. Their clinical phenotype was remarkably similar and atypical of classic ALS, with symmetric proximal pelvic and pectoral weakness. Distal weakness and upper motor neuron features only developed late. Neuropathological examination demonstrated FUS‐immunoreactive neuronal and glial inclusions in the spinal cord and many extramotor regions, but no TDP‐43 pathology. We also identified a novel mutation (p.G187S) in one SALS patient. Overall, FUS mutations accounted for 3% of our non‐SOD1, non‐TARDBP FALS cases and 0.6% of SALS. This study demonstrates that the phenotype with FUS mutations extends beyond classical ALS cases. Our findings suggest there are specific clinicogenetic correlations and provide the first detailed neuropathological description. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Factors associated with persistence of cholinesterase inhibitor treatments in the elderly
Authors: Pariente Antoine , Pinet Marion , Moride Yola , Merlière Yvon , Moore Nicholas , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie
Published: April 2010

Purpose

To identify factors associated with one‐year persistence of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChI) treatments.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed using the reimbursement database of the Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires, a 1/96e representative sample of subjects affiliated to the French National Healthcare Insurance System. Among this, patients who initiated a ChI treatment between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2005 and for whom 1 year of follow‐up in the database after treatment initiation was available were identified. One‐year persistence of ChI treatment was defined as an ongoing treatment without dispensing interval exceeding 60 consecutive days during the 12 months following treatment initiation. Drug switches were not considered as treatment discontinuation. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify, among patients characteristics (sociodemographic, drug uses), factors associated with one‐year persistence of ChI treatments.

Results

Among the 942 patients who initiated a treatment with ChI during the study period, 72.4% were women; mean age was 79.6 years (SD = 7.4). Patients used eight other different drugs in median (Inter‐Quartile Range: 5–11); 63.7% used psychotropics, 63.6% used cardiovascular drugs. One‐year persistence of ChI treatments was estimated at 45.3%. Persistence of ChI treatments was lower in patients aged 80 years and over (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.57–0.96); it was higher in patients using antidepressants at ChI treatment initiation (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05–1.82).

Conclusions

One‐year persistence of ChI treatment was estimated at 45.3% in this French sample. To optimize persistence of ChI treatment in the demented, patients poorly symptomatic and/or aged over 80 years should be especially monitored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic use and the risk for progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kuo Hsin‐Wei , Tsai Shang‐Shyue , Tiao Mao‐Meng , Liu Yi‐Chun , Lee I‐Ming , Yang Chun‐Yuh
Published: April 2010

Purpose

The chronic effect of various analgesics on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is inconclusive. There is also lack of information on the renal safety of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors. This study aimed to clarify the renal risk of analgesic use in CKD patients.

Methods

A cohort study using a nationally representative database randomly sampled from National Health Insurance (NHI) enrollees was performed. The study population included a total of 19,163 newly diagnosed CKD patients. Clinical conditions were defined by diagnostic codes and exposure information on analgesics was derived from service claims. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association between analgesic use and the risk of progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD).

Results

CKD patients using acetaminophen, aspirin, and non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had an increased risk for ESRD with multivariable‐adjusted HRs (95%CIs) of 2.92 (2.47–3.45), 1.96 (1.62–2.36), and 1.56 (1.32–1.85), respectively. The trends toward higher risk with increasing exposure dose were significant for all classes of analgesics (all P for trend < 0.001). Among COX‐2 inhibitors, only rofecoxib, but not celecoxib, shows a significant risk association with ESRD (HR = 1.98; 95%CI, 1.15–3.40).

Conclusions

Our data indicated exacerbating effects of acetaminophen, aspirin, and non‐selective NSAIDs on CKD in a dose‐dependent manner. For COX‐2 inhibitors, only rofecoxib showed an increased risk for ESRD. Although the possibility of residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out, given the common use of analgesics, the possible relation suggested by this study warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crisis resolution in older people's mental healthcare
Authors: Obinwa Thomas , Goel Tarun , Sule Akeem
Published: April 2010

The Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment (CRHT) team's role in acute mental healthcare services for working age adults is well established throughout England, but this is less so for older adults despite government policy and initiatives promoting equality of care. The authors highlight the need to extend this care model to older people's mental healthcare and suggest some possible ways of achieving this. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Management of eating disorders during pregnancy
Authors: Micali Nadia
Published: April 2010

In Pregnancy is a series of reviews focusing on the management of women with psychiatric and neurological conditions during pregnancy. In this article, Dr Micali discusses how pregnancy may affect women with eating disorders, as well as the effect of eating disorders on pregnancy outcomes. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Isolation of Exophiala dermatitidis from pigmented sputum in a cystic fibrosis patient
Authors: Griffard Emily A. , Guajardo Jesus R. , Cooperstock Michael S. , Scoville Caryn L.
Published: April 2010

A 16‐year‐old female with cystic fibrosis (CF) presented with an acute respiratory exacerbation during which black flecks were observed in the spontaneously expectorated sputum. The production of this pigmented sputum was subsequently attributed to Exophiala dermatitidis hyphae. Treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and antifungal medications led to an initial resolution of symptoms and clearance of the black pigment from her sputum. However, the patient again presented nine months later with reappearance of the pigmented flecks and concomitant clinical deterioration and was subsequently treated with an extended course of voriconazole. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of fungal colonization by E. dermatitidis presenting as black flecks spontaneously expectorated in CF sputum. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:508–510. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐treatment of titanium surfaces by fibronectin: in situ adsorption and effect of concentration
Authors: Payet V. , Dini T. , Brunner S. , Galtayries A. , Frateur I. , Marcus P.
Published: April 2010

In this work, kinetics data on adsorption of fibronectin (Fn) on passivated Ti surfaces (Ti quartz crystals) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution were obtained from in situ investigations with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM): from experiments performed at 15 and 60 mg l−1 Fn solution concentrations, the maximum adsorption was reached within 30 min, and Fn adsorption seemed to be partially reversible, as about 15% of the initially adsorbed protein were removed upon PBS rinsing. The remaining amount of adsorbed Fn was around 1000 ng cm−2 and was similar for both protein concentrations in solution. Moreover, differences in kinetics were observed between the two concentrations: the initial adsorption rate was much larger at 60 mg l−1 than at 15 mg l−1. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations were used to examine the surface after adsorption under flow (EQCM measurements) or in static conditions: identification of the adsorbed protein and of the passivated TiO2 layer on metallic Ti. With bulk Ti samples, an isotherm of adsorption of Fn in PBS was established on the basis of a selection of Fn solution concentrations and on the maximum time required to get a steady state, for a given concentration. The equivalent thicknesses of adsorbed Fn (dFn (XPS), model of a continuous layer adsorbed on the passivated Ti samples) were estimated by XPS. At saturation, a plateau is reached corresponding to an equivalent thickness of 5.5 nm for Fn solution concentrations larger than 50 mg l−1. The dFn (XPS) values of the experiments performed under flow are in satisfactory agreement with the values determined from static adsorption experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled Si nanostripe grating at the molecular scale as a template for 1D growth
Authors: Sahaf H. , Dettoni F. , Léandri C. , Moyen E. , Masson L. , Hanbücken M.
Published: April 2010

At room temperature, the early stages (submonolayer) of silicon (Si) deposition onto the anisotropic Ag(110) surface lead to the formation of flat‐lying, individual Si nanostripes, with a high aspect ratio, all oriented along the Ag[−100] direction. Two kinds of nanostripes, varying in their width, are observed. When deposited at ∼200 °C, these one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures self‐assemble laterally, to form a perfect 1D‐array of essentially identical nanowires, 1.6 nm in width. They cover uniformly the entire Ag substrate up to macroscopic sizes. The self‐assembled Si nanostripes have been characterized by high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and a model of their atomic arrangement is proposed. This Si grating has been subsequently used as a template for selective 1D growth of 1D Co nanolines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of parallel angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data
Authors: Tasneem G. , Werner W. S. M. , Smekal W. , Powell C. J.
Published: April 2010

The effects of elastic scattering and photoionization anisotropy have been studied for angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) instruments in which the angular distribution is measured for a fixed sample geometry, in contrast to conventional ARXPS in which the sample is tilted for angular variation. The analyzed data were generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technologydatabase for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis, which provides a simple way to study the influence of the aforementioned effects on compositional depth profile reconstruction. The abovementioned effects have been studied for a 15‐Å film of SiO2 on Si covered by a 5‐Å carbon contamination layer. For this sample, the effects of anisotropy were stronger than the effects of elastic scattering. Larger effects of elastic scattering have been observed for HfO2 sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.