bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Fractal Analysis Methods of Textures Earth Surface Images for Ecological Setting Assessment
Authors: Akinshin Nikolay , Esikov Oleg , Potapov Alexander , Akinshin Ruslan , Kuleshov Alexander
Published: December 2019

The use of fractal analysis methods for automatic textures earth surface image evaluation and ecological setting assessment has been proposed. Image processing techniques have been chosen for the following fractal analysis. The use of the Minkowski dimension to construct sheet dimension and histogram of fractal dimension has been suggested. Performance tests for the proposed methods and algorithms have been performed and analysed presented. Application of the fractal analysis methods is efficient in solving problems of monitoring objects clustering, assessing their conditions, identifying anomalies that have implications for the ecological setting, and evaluating the development of anomalous situations. The fractal analysis algorithms permit efficient processing of array information in the case, when they are implemented on modern computational hardware platforms.
Design of Toroid-Shaped Solid Ceramic End Mill
Authors: Grechishnikov Vladimir , Grigoriev Sergey , Pivkin Petr , Volosova Marina , Isaev Alexander , Nikitin Dmitry , Minin Ilya
Published: December 2019

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most accurate methods for machining conductive materials and has a number of important applications. In the EDM process the occurrence of electric charges between cathode and anode is accompanied by vibroacoustic signals, which can be used to develop highly efficient control and diagnostics systems. Experimental studies and modelling of the dynamic system of the EDM process carried out in this study show that parameters of acoustic signals can be used to estimate the current productivity and risks of the tool-electrode breakage and to optimize the tool feed rate. The obtained results of allows using acoustic signals in the control system of the tool electrode feed rate to prevent its breakage, and also setting the interelectrode gap to maximum productivity.
Energy - Information Regularities of Increasing Productivity in Metalworking Machine Tools
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander P. , Koriath Hans-Joachim
Published: December 2019

Increasing productivity by higher cutting speed and achieving high precision of machined products at the same time is an important trend in the development of manufacturing technologies and metalworking machine tools. If the traditional method of exchangeable components in assemblies will lead to inefficient precise processes, the product costs will increase. The proposed energy-informational model considers a procedural system establishing the ratio of the cutting speed and the speed of physical processes in the machine tools. The energetic limit for the attainability of associated processes describes the allowable speed of materials processing by the machine tools. Stiffness of machine tool structures for highest precision manufacturing becomes comparable to work piece geometrical accuracy and manufacturing process tolerances. This paper gives several examples for admissible limits of increased productivity by increased process speeds in various manufacturing technologies for both traditional cutting and innovative methods.
A New Model for Simulations of Decision-Making in Management: an Expert-Psychological Approach
Authors: Karlova Tatyana V. , Mikhaylova Marianna V. , Kuznetsova Natalia M. , Bekmeshov Aleksandr Yu. , Poltoranov Denis V. , Obukhova Elena V.
Published: December 2019

The article is dedicated to the development of structural model of the influence the human factor based on research of engineering-psychological features in management decision making processes in the complex integrated automated control systems. In the real hierarchic control systems the main problem is to find the ways of structures activity by vertical and horizontal directions. The algorithm of forming the functional system activity realizes the processes in structure of human nervous system. The algorithm is created by union motivation, goal, personal meanings and the image of the result. The algorithm realizes special mental functions. Integral development of human activity abilities is giftedness contained in the union, that could be detected by functional system features realized through the human mental functions. Management making decision process program contains not only the conditions of choice of the intellectual operations but the time modes. The program envelopes the structural blocks of all activity system. The processes of program creation and management making decision provided by each of abilities in view of the function ability system’s union direction simultaneously become subordinated according to its motivation activity. Information security aspects are considered in the article, particularly, the application of the complex approach to solving the protection of the functional system activity problem is proposed. For the diagnostics of the professional expert abilities the development of the methodology is needed. The methodology helps to investigate the field activity problem from the position of interdisciplinary approach to the complex technical objects based on integrated automated control systems.
Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension in der Aligner-Therapie
Authors: Drechsler Thomas
Published: December 2019

Bei den bekannten, fest auf den Zähnen angebrachten Apparaturen sind in den meisten Fällen die elastischen Eigenschaften verschiedener Metalllegierungen für die Zahnauslenkungen verantwortlich. Aber auch die flexiblen Materialeigenschaften von bestimmten Kunststoffarten lassen sich zur Zahnbewegung nutzen. Seit fast 20 Jahren hat sich durch im CAD/CAM-Großserienverfahren hergestellte, thermoplastische Polyurethan-Kunststoff-Schienen das Indikationsspektrum der Aligner-Therapie aufgrund technologischen Fortschritts der verschiedenen Aligner-Hersteller und der Erfahrung der Behandler zunehmend erweitert. Unter anderem durch die Weiterentwicklung spezieller Attachments, Materialien oder der digitalen Planungssoftware kann beobachtet werden, dass bei verantwortungsvoller, korrekter Planung seitens des in dieser Technik erfahrenen Kieferorthopäden und unbedingter Compliance seitens des Patienten mittlerweile auch anspruchsvolle kieferorthopädische Behandlungen, wie die Therapie des frontal offenen oder tiefen Bisses, größtenteils vorhersagbar mit Alignern durchgeführt werden können. Hierbei bedarf es jedoch auf Basis einer umfassenden Anamnese und Diagnostik einer genauen Berücksichtigung patientenspezifischer Parameter wie unter anderem Alter, möglicher Parafunktion, skelettaler Konfiguration, Parodontalzustand und Funktionsbefund durch den erfahrenen Fachzahnarzt. Dieser muss unter Wahrung der bekannten biomechanischen Prinzipien die Anwendung der modernen softwaregestützten Applikationen so zu nutzen wissen, dass aus einer virtuellen Computersimulation eine realistische, klinische Umsetzung resultiert. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden exemplarisch die Chancen und Grenzen der Aligner-Therapie aufgezeigt, die zur Korrektur der vertikalen Dimension gegeben sind.
The IGAD Kampala Declaration on jobs, livelihoods, and self-reliance: from declaration to reality
Authors: Hopkins Gail , Buffoni Laura
Published: December 2019

The Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods, and Self-Reliance for Refugees, Returnees, and Host Communities, signed in March 2019 by IGAD member states, contains commitments which are an important part of realizing the objectives of the Global Compact for Refugees in the IGAD region. The Declaration holds real potential for realizing Compact objectives globally and builds on the 2017 Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees. Over past years, dramatic changes to contemporary global policy relating to refugees situates refugees within receiving communities and receiving states and promotes a ‘whole of society’ approach. The Kampala Declaration forms part of this change and, as such, the realization of Declaration commitments is crucial. With the upcoming Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 providing an opportunity to take stock of progress, the article emphasizes the crucial importance of planned and active participation, inclusion and collaboration of all parties as being fundamental in realizing in practice refugees’ right to work and access to economic opportunities. Attention is drawn to ‘missed opportunities’ within elements of the Kampala meeting and pre-meeting process which resulted in the impairment of potential for success and effective dialog. Further attention is drawn to critical areas where mindfulness in future meetings/dialog can be beneficial in order to effectively catalyze future change. Because the Kampala Declaration commitments form a central role in realizing Global Compact objectives, the article argues for high level meetings and fora to prioritize an approach to discussions which creates enabling contexts of formal but inclusive dialog. The article calls for better planning in this respect and puts forward suggestions for how dialog might become more productive. The article sets the context and aims of the Kampala meeting, moving forward to highlight areas needed to effectively catalyze change and then looks at meeting planning and participation,. Some brief examples are presented, continuing on to suggest ways in which changes in approach can transform reality. The article concludes, importantly, that the Kampala Declaration demonstrates that the commitment and language of inclusion exist. What remains is for truly collective action to ensure the Declaration achieves its transformative potential.
Comparative effect of alternative fertilisers on pasture production, soil properties and soil microbial community structure
Authors: Leech Fiona J. , Richardson Alan E. , Kertesz Michael A. , Orchard Beverley A. , Banerjee Samiran , Graham Phillip
Published: December 2019

Different fertiliser products are commonly promoted for use on pastures in order to improve pasture productivity and support a more ‘healthy’ soil microbial environment. However, minimal field research has been conducted to validate such claims. A 6-year study (2009–14) was conducted on phosphorus (P)-deficient soils at three sites near Yass, New South Wales, to investigate the effect of topdressing perennial native-based pastures with a range of alternative fertilisers compared with single superphosphate and an unfertilised control treatment. The alternative fertiliser products included manures, composts, crushed rock, rock-phosphate-derived products, concentrated ash and microbial products. Annual measurements were made of soil chemical properties, botanical composition and pasture yield during spring and/or winter + spring, as well as the relative effectiveness of products per unit of pasture grown. Soil microbial community structure under each fertiliser treatment was also analysed in the sixth year of the study. Fertiliser products with substantial quantities of P increased extractable soil P and resulted in significantly higher pasture growth and clover content compared with the unfertilised control. Superphosphate was found to be the most P-effective fertiliser for increasing pasture growth, along with a range of other products that showed differential responses. However, the cost and P-effectiveness of the products in relation to pasture growth varied considerably and was a function of rate and frequency of application as well as amount and solubility of the P applied. Despite large differences in pasture growth across the various fertiliser treatments, there was no significant effect of the alternative fertiliser products on microbial community structure compared with either the superphosphate or unfertilised control treatments. The observed variation in bacterial, fungal and archaeal community structures across all fertiliser treatments was best explained by soil pH or aluminium (Al) concentration, which was influenced differentially by the fertiliser products. Fungal community structure was also correlated with pasture-productivity parameters (i.e. spring pasture yield, clover content and soil-available P). Our findings reveal a highly resilient soil microbial community that was influenced minimally by use of the alternative fertiliser products, thus highlighting that on-farm management decisions regarding fertiliser product choice should primarily focus on pasture response and cost-effectiveness.
A new morphological method to identify cold tolerance of melon at seedling stage
Authors: Li Meng , Duan Xiaoyu , Wang Qian , Chen Wei , Qi Hongyan
Published: December 2019

Low temperature restrains the growth and development of melons, as well as severely impairing the yield and quality. To obtain a rapid and accurate method for evaluating cold tolerance of melon, 10 genotypes were selected to investigate their cold tolerance at seedling stage. Chilling stress (15°C/6°C, day/night) increased leaf angles and caused leaves wilted: the phenotypes of the 10 genotypes were obviously different. Thus, a new predicted method for chilling injury index (CII) of melon was constructed based on the change of leaf angle and leaf state. The CII showed significant correlation with survival rate, maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and changes of SPAD value. Moreover, the validity of the method was further verified by seedlings growth, photosynthesis, membrane permeability and metabolites accumulation of four screened genotypes. Taken together, this work provides a morphological and accurate method for evaluating cold tolerance in melon.
Effects of ovary storage temperature and embryo vitrification on somatic cell nuclear transfer outcomes in goats
Authors: Hajian Mehdi , Jafarpour Farnoosh , Aghamiri Sayed Morteza , Rouhollahi Varnosfaderani Shiva , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad Hossein
Published: December 2019

Improving the genetic potential of farm animals is one of the primary aims in the field of assisted reproduction. In this regard, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can be used to produce a large number of embryos from genetically elite animals. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of: (1) ovary storage conditions on preimplantation development of recovered oocytes and the freezability of the derived blastocysts; and (2) vitrification of goat SCNT-derived blastocysts on postimplantation development. Goat oocytes were recovered from ovaries and stored under warm (25°C-27°C) or cold (11°C-12°C) conditions before being used to produce SCNT embryos. There were no differences in oocytes recovered from ovaries kept under cold versus warm storage conditions in terms of cleavage (mean (±s.d.) 95.68±1.67% vs 95.91±2.93% respectively) and blastocyst formation (10.69±1.17% vs 10.94±0.9% respectively) rates. The re-expansion rate of vitrified blastocysts was significantly lower for cold- than warm-stored ovaries (66.3±8.7% vs 90±11% respectively). To assess the effects of vitrification on postimplantation development, blastocysts from cold-stored ovaries only were transferred from fresh and vitrified–warmed groups. The pregnancy rate was comparable between the fresh and vitrified–warmed groups (41.65% and 45.45% respectively). In addition, established pregnancy in Day 28-38 and full-term pregnancy rates were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, this study shows similar invitro preimplantation developmental potential of warm- and cold-stored ovaries. This study introduces the vitrification technique as an appropriate approach to preserve embryos produced by SCNT for transfer to recipient goats at a suitable time.
Classical versus Bayesian Statistics
Authors: Johannesson Eric
Published: December 2019

In statistics, there are two main paradigms: classical and Bayesian statistics. The purpose of this article is to investigate the extent to which classicists and Bayesians can (in some suitable sense of the word) agree. My conclusion is that, in certain situations, they cannot. The upshot is that, if we assume that the classicist is not allowed to have a higher degree of belief (credence) in a null hypothesis after he has rejected it than before, then (in certain situations) he has to either have trivial or incoherent credences to begin with or fail to update his credences by conditionalization.
Study for the alignment of focusing solenoid of ares rf gun and effect of misalignment of solenoid on emittance of space charge dominated electron beam
Authors: Yamin S , Assmann R W , Marchetti B
Published: December 2019

SINBAD (Short and INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) facility will host multiple experiments relating to ultra-short high brightness beams and novel experiments with ultra-high gradient. ARES (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) Linac is an S-band photo injector to produce such electron bunches at around 100 MeV. The Linac will be commissioned in stages with the first stage corresponding to gun commissioning. In this paper, we present studies about the scheme adopted for the alignment of focusing solenoid for the ARES gun. The method is bench marked using ASTRA simulations. Moreover the effect of misalignment of the solenoid on the emittance of space charge dominated scheme and its compensation is also discussed.
Generation of two terahertz radiation pulses with continuously tunable frequency and time delay
Authors: Wang Wenxing , Zhang Haoran , Jiang Shimin , He Zhigang
Published: December 2019

We propose to generate two narrow band terahertz pulses radiated from two temporally modulated relativistic electron beams, which are generated in a photo-injector. The temporal profile of the drive laser is modulated by means of the paired chirped pulses beating technique, leading to the generation of two pre-bunched electron beams. Coherent transient radiation (CTR) is considered as the mechanism for terahertz radiation generation. The frequencies of the two terahertz pulses can be independently tuned by adjusting the paired beating frequencies, and the interval between the two terahertz pulses can be adjusted by the optical delay line.
Comparison of constrained optimization methods for designing a multi-bend achromat lattice
Authors: Xu J H , Bai Z H , Yang P H , Li W M
Published: December 2019

In the design of a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice for a diffraction-limited storage ring, there are usually many magnet parameters to be optimized and some stringent constraints to be satisfied. For example, to cancel out nonlinear dynamics effects, the phase advances between some sections are generally required to be set to certain values in the lattice design. For better designing a MBA lattice using an evolutionary algorithm, the handling of constraints will be important, because it is very hard to satisfy the constraints for most or even all of solutions in the early generations of the algorithm. This paper will first describe some methods for handling constraints, which are then applied to designing a hybrid 7BA lattice. The comparison of these methods shows that better lattice solutions can be obtained by including constraints into objective functions.
Design studies of a proof-of-principle experiment on THz SASE FEL at PITZ
Authors: Li X.-K. , Krasilnikov M. , Boonpornprasert P. , Shaker H. , Chen Y. , Good J. , Gross M. , Huck H. , Isaev I. , Koschitzki C. , Lal S. , Lishilin O. , Loisch G. , Melkumyan D. , Niemczyk R. , Oppelt A. , Qian H. , Shu G. , Stephan F. , Vashchenko G.
Published: December 2019

A free-electron laser based THz source is undergoing design studies at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). It is considered as a prototype for pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL, benefiting from the fact that the electron beam from the PITZ facility has an identical pulse train structure as the XFEL pulses. In the proposed proof-of-principle experiment, the electron beam (up to 4 nC bunch charge and 200 A peak current) will be accelerated to 16-22 MeV/c to generate SASE radiations in an LCLS-I undulator in the THz range between 60 and 100 pm with an expected energy of up to ~1 mJ/pulse. In this paper, we report our simulations on the optimization of the photo-injector and the design of the transport and matching beamline. Experimental investigations on the generation, characterization and matching of the high charge beam in the existing 22-m-long beamline will also be presented.
Improvement of 6D brightness by a 1.4-cell photocathode RF gun for MeV Ultrafast electron diffraction
Authors: Song Y , Yang J , Tsai C , Fan K
Published: December 2019

Recent research indicates that ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy (UED/M) have unprecedented potential in probing ultrafast dynamic processes, especially in organic and biological materials. However, reaching the required brightness while maintaining high spatiotemporal resolution requires new design of electron source. In order to produce ultrashort electron beam with extreme high brightness, a 1.4-cell RF gun is being developed to reach higher acceleration gradient near the photocathode and thus suppress the space charge effect in the low energy region. Simulation of the 1.4-cell RF photocathode gun shows considerable improvement in bunch length, emittance and energy spread, which all lead to better temporal and spatial resolution comparing to traditional 1.6-cell RF photocathode gun. The results demonstrate the feasibility of sub-ps temporal resolution with normalized emittance less than 0.1 πmm·mrad while maintaining 1 pC electron pulse.
Suppression of Microbunching Instability Through Dispersive Lattice
Authors: Li Biaobin , Qiang Ji
Published: December 2019

The microbunching instability from the initial small modulation such as shot-noise can be amplified by longitudinal space-charge force and causes significant electron beam quality degradation at the exit of accelerator for the next generation x-ray free electron laser. In the paper, we present analytical and numerical simulation studies of a novel method using dispersion leakage from a quadrupole inside a bunch compressor chicane.
Design and analysis of the cold cathode ion source for 200 MeV superconducting cyclotron
Authors: Xu S.W. , Chen G. , Xu M.M. , Karamyshev O. , Karamyshev G. , Shirkov G. , Calabretta L.
Published: December 2019

SC200 is a superconducting isochronous cyclotron which generates 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for particle therapy. The cold-cathode-type Penning ion gauge (PIG) ion source for the internal ion source of SC200 has been selected as an alternative and preliminary designed. In this paper, design of ion source and test bench are demonstrated. Currently, the properties of ion source have been simulated for a variety of electric field and magnetic field distributions. The secondary electron emission in electromagnetic field has been simulated. It provides reference for the optimization design of arc chamber. In addition, the sample of cold-cathode-type ion source has been tested on the test bench and extracted beam intensity has been measured over 200 μA.
Eupraxia, A Step Toward A Plasma-Wakefield Based Accelerator With High Beam Quality
Authors: Nghiem P A P , Alesini D , Aschikhin A , Assmann R W , Audet T , Beck A , Chance A , Chen M , Chiadroni E , Cianchi A , Clarke J A , Couprie M E , Croia M , Cros B , Dattoli G , Del Dotto A , Delerue N , Dorda U , Ferran Pousa A , Ferrario M , Fonseca R A , Ghaith A , Giribono A , Gizzi L A , Helm A , Hidding B , Hooker S M , Ibison M G , Jaroszynski D A , Kruchinin K O , Labate L , Lee P , Li X , Li F Y , Libov V , Marchetti B , Martinez de la Ossa A , Marx D , Massimo F , Mathieu F , Maynard G , Mazzotta Z , Mehrling T J , Molodozhentsev A Y , Mosnier A , Mostacci A , Najmudin Z , Nguyen F , Niknejadi P , Oumbarek Espinos D , Pattathil R , Pompili R , Romeo S , Rossi A R , Schaper L , Sheng Z M , Shpakov V , Silva L O , Silva T , Simon C , Specka A , Stella A , Streeter M J V , Svystun E N , Symes D , Terzani D , Toci G , Tomassini P , Vaccarezza C , Vieira J M , Vujanovic M , Walczak R , Walker P A , Weikum M K , Welsch C P , Weng S M , Wiggins S M , Wolfenden J , Yoffe S , Zhu J
Published: December 2019

The EuPRAXIA project aims at designing the world's first accelerator based on advanced plasma-wakefield techniques to deliver 5 GeV electron beams that simultaneously have high charge, low emittance and low energy spread, which are required for applications by future user communities. Meeting this challenging objective will only be possible through dedicated effort. Many injection/acceleration schemes and techniques have been explored by means of thorough simulations in more than ten European research institutes. This enables selection of the most appropriate methods for solving each particular problem. The specific challenge of generating, extracting and transporting high charge beams, while maintaining the high quality needed for user applications, are being tackled using innovative approaches. This article highlights preliminary results obtained by the EuPRAXIA collaboration, which also exhibit the required laser and plasma parameters.
Hardware Commissioning of the Renovated PIAVE Injector at INFN-LNL
Authors: Bortolato D , Andreev V , Bellan L , Bellato M A , Bermudez J Y , Bisoffi G , Bissiato E , Chiurlotto F , Comunian M , Contran T , Facco A , Fagotti E , Francescon P , Friso A , Galatà A , Gallo C S , Giacchini M G , Lollo M , Martini D , Miglioranza M O , Modanese P , Montis M , Munaron E , Nigrelli G , Pavinato S , Pengo M , Pisent A , Poggi M , Pranovi L , Rossignoli M , Scarpa D
Published: December 2019

During 2018, the PIAVE superconducting linac injector at INFN-LNL, based on superconducting RFQs and two cryomodules with quarter wave resonators, underwent a renovation plan. This operation was strictly related to the one carried out on ALPI [1], which will become a post-accelerator for both stable and exotic beams in a near future. PIAVE Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) cryomodules, in operation since 2006, were moved to ALPI to be used for the acceleration of both stable beams and future exotic beams delivered from the cyclotron target-ion-source station, after appropriate purification, charge breeding and pre-acceleration stages. In order to cope with the removal of the two QWR cryomodules in PIAVE, a newly designed 80 MHz room temperature buncher was designed, built and tested: the buncher is required so as to match the longitudinal phase space between PIAVE superconducting RFQs (SRFQ1 and SRFQ2) and ALPI. In the same period, substantial refurbishments on the ECR ion source platform were carried out, in particular on its infrastructure and safety equipment. A problem on an electronic component on SRFQ2, though quickly fixed, delayed beam commissioning of the PIAVE injector, which will start at the end of May 2019.
Design and low power test of Preparing a prototype HOM linac1
Authors: Lu Ling , Xing Chaochao , He Tao , Yang Lei , Xu Xianbo , Li Jia , Xia Qianxu , Gao Zhichao
Published: December 2019

Normally, drift tube linacs (DTLs) are used following RFQ linacs for beam acceleration in middle and high energy region. The acceleration efficiency of DTLs is decreasing with beam energy increasing. Using resonated higher order mode (HOM) of cavity, DTLs can achieve a higher effective shunt impedance. We proposed a 325 MHz DTL with TE115 mode and finished the 1st HOM-DTL assembly. In this paper, the designs and results of low power test of the 1st HOM-DTL will be reported.
Mechanical robustness of HL-LHC collimator designs
Authors: Carra F , Bertarelli A , Gobbi G , Guardia-Valenzuela J , Guinchard M , Harden F , Pasquali M , Redaelli S , Skordis E
Published: December 2019

Two new absorbing materials were developed as collimator inserts to fulfil the requirements of HL-LHC higher brightness beams: molybdenum-carbide graphite (MoGr) and copper-diamond (CuCD). These materials were tested under intense beam impacts at CERN HiRadMat facility in 2015, when full jaw prototypes were irradiated. Additional tests in HiRadMat were performed in 2017 on another series of material samples, including also improved grades of MoGr and CuCD, and different coating solutions. This paper summarizes the main results of the two experiments, with a main focus on the behaviour of the novel composite blocks, the metallic housing, as well as the cooling circuit. The experimental campaign confirmed the final choice for the materials and the design solutions for HL-LHC collimators, and constituted a unique chance of benchmarking numerical models. In particular, the tests validated the selection of MoGr for primary and secondary collimators, and CuCD as a valid solution for robust tertiary collimators.
The K12 beamline for the KLEVER experiment
Authors: van Dijk M W U , Banerjee D , Bernhard J , Brugger M , Charitonidis N , D’Alessandro G L , Doble N , Gatignon L , Gerbershagen A , Montbarbon E , Moulson M , Rae B , Rosenthal M , Veit B M
Published: December 2019

The KLEVER experiment is proposed to run in the CERN ECN3 underground cavern from 2026 onward. The goal of the experiment is to measure

BR
(

K
L

→

π
0

v

v
¯

)

, which could yield information about potential new physics, by itself and in combination with the measurement of

BR
(

K
+

→

π
+

v

v
¯

)

of NA62. A full description will be given of the considerations in designing the new K12 beamline for KLEVER, as obtained from a purpose made simulation with FLUKA. The high intensities required by KLEVER, 2 × 1013 protons on target every 16.8 s, with 5 × 1019 protons accumulated over 5 years, place stringent demands on adequate muon sweeping to minimize backgrounds in the detector. The target and primary dump need to be able to survive these demanding conditions, while respecting strict radiation protection criteria. A series of design choices will be shown to lead to a neutral beamline sufficiently capable of suppressing relevant backgrounds, such as photons generated by π
0 decays in the target, and Λ → nπ
0 decays, which mimic the signal decay.
Disk and Washer Coupled Cavity Linac Design and Cold-Model for Muon Linac
Authors: Otani M. , Futatsukawa K. , Mibe T. , Naito F. , Hasegawa K. , Ito T. , Kitamura R. , Kondo Y. , Morishita T. , Iinuma H. , Nakazawa Y. , Iwashita Y. , Saito N.
Published: December 2019

A disk and washer (DAW) coupled cavity linac (CCL) was developed for a mediumvelocity part in a muon linac to measure muon anomalous magentic moment and search for electric dipole moment. Muons were accelerated from v/c = β = 0.3 to 0.7 at an operational frequency of 1.3 GHz. In this paper, the cavity design, beam dynamics design, and cold-model measurements are presented.
Beam Line Optimization using Derivative-Free Algorithms
Authors: Appel S. , Reimann S.
Published: December 2019

The present study focuses on the beam line optimization from the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 to the HADES experiment. BOBYQA (Bound Optimization BY Quadratic Approximation) solves bound constrained optimization problems without using derivatives of the objective function. The Bayesian optimization is another strategy for global optimization of costly, noisy functions without using derivatives. A python programming interface to MADX allow the use of the python implementation of BOBYQA and Bayesian method. This gave the possibility to use tracking simulation with MADX to determine the loss budget for each lattice setting during the optimization and compare both optimization methods.
Beam loss and the stripping efficiency measurement for CSNS injection system
Authors: Huang Ming-Yang , Wang Sheng , Xu Shou-Yan
Published: December 2019

The injection beam loss is the main beam loss of the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) for the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). After the optimization of injection system during the beam commissioning, the current injection beam loss for CSNS/RCS is approximately 1%. There are several sources of injection beam loss. In order to distinguish these different sources, the stripping efficiency of the main stripping foil should be studied and measured accurately. In this paper, a scheme for the accurate measurement of the stripping efficiency for CSNS will be proposed and studied. It can not only reduce the injection beam loss, but also be used to estimate the operation state and lifespan of the main stripping foil accurately. This method will be applied in future beam commissioning.
Power losses caused by longitudinal HOMs in 3.9 GHz SHINE cryomodule
Authors: Guo Junjie , Gu Qiang , Tan Jianhao , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2019

Shanghai high repetition-rate XFEL and extreme light facility (SHINE), the first hard XFEL based on a superconducting accelerated structure in China, is now under development at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this paper, power losses caused by trapped longitudinal high order modes (HOM) and steady-state loss generated by untrapped HOMs in 3.9 GHz SHINE cryomodule will be investigated and calculated. Results are presented for power losses of every element in 3.9 GHz cryomodule, caused by HOM excitation in the acceleration RF system of the continues-wave (CW) linac of SHINE.
Model predictive power distribution in an electric vehicle with a fuel cell
Authors: Scherler Soeren , Liu-Henke Xiaobo
Published: December 2019

Within the subproject “Intelligent Electric Vehicles with Range Extender in Traffic Systems with Vehicle 4.0” (iREX 4.0), which is part of the joint project “Future Vehicle Technologies in the Open Region Lab” (“Zukünftige Fahrzeugtechnologien im Open Region Lab“, ZuFOR), funded by the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony and the Volkswagen Foundation, the research work focuses on cross-linked autonomous electric vehicles with fuel cells serving as range extenders. The aim of the project is the conception of digitized traffic systems that consist of cross-linked autonomous electric vehicles with range extender (RE). This contribution presents an approach for a model predictive power distribution to the energy sources battery and fuel cell considering their specific characteristics.
Peg-in-a-hole by haptic teleoperation
Authors: Argin Omer Faruk , Bayraktaroglu Zeki Yagiz
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the experimental study on the application of the peg-in-a-hole task in the proposed haptic teleoperation system. Motion references from the user towards the remote manipulator and force feedback signals from the remote environment towards the user are transmitted through a virtual reality layer where the remote operation is simulated in real-tme. Various physical interactions occuring in the bilatral loop are modelled and controlled through the introduction of virtual spring-damper elements. Modeling and controller design of the teleoperation system is made modular and straightforward with the use of identical virtual dynamics. The design approach combines the introduction of the middle layer of virtual reality and modeling of all interactons by identical virtual spring-dampers. The haptic teleoperation system is experimentally evaluated with experienced and unexperienced users in the bilateral loop. Experimental results show that stable peg-in-a-hole operation is achieved in presence of bounded time-delays in all communication channels between the user, virtual reality layer and remote environment. Improvements of the teleoperation performances in terms of position tracking and total operation time are also observed in experiments.
The Immediate Consequences of Federal Pretrial Detention
Authors: Didwania Stephanie Holmes
Published: December 2019

Unlike the cash-bail regimes that are prevalent in state courts, federal courts rarely use money bail as a condition of pretrial release. Nonetheless, this article presents evidence that pretrial release influences case outcomes for federal defendants. Using case data spanning 71 federal district courts, the article suggests that pretrial release reduces a defendant’s sentence and increases the probability that they will receive a sentence below the recommended sentencing range. Pretrial release also appears to lessen the probability that a defendant will receive a mandatory minimum sentence when one is charged. The analysis exploits variation in magistrate judges’ propensities to release defendants pending trial, which allows magistrate judge leniency to serve as an instrumental variable for pretrial release. The article also provides suggestive evidence that pretrial release affects case outcomes through two channels: first, by giving defendants the opportunity to present mitigating evidence at sentencing and second, by making it easier for defendants to earn a sentencing reduction by providing assistance to the government.
Inequality and majority rule
Authors: Bruner Justin P
Published: December 2019

I provide a novel argument in favour of majority rule. In particular, I consider the distribution of voter satisfaction in response to the outcome of a vote and prove that under certain conditions majority rule minimizes the level of inequality present in the distribution of voter satisfaction. This finding is reinforced by a computer simulation as well as an analysis of over four decades of polling data. Results complement existing procedural justifications of majority rule, demonstrating that majority rule ensures equality at the level of both procedure and outcome.
Semantic persistence of ambiguous biomedical names in the citation network
Authors: Rodriguez-Esteban Raul
Published: December 2019

Motivation

Name ambiguity has long been a central problem in biomedical text mining. To tackle it, it has been usually assumed that names present only one meaning within a given text. It is not known whether this assumption applies beyond the scope of single documents.

Results

Using a new method that leverages large numbers of biomedical annotations and normalized citations, this study shows that ambiguous biomedical names mentioned in scientific articles tend to present the same meaning in articles that cite them or that they cite, and, to a lesser extent, two steps away in the citation network. Citations, therefore, can be regarded as semantic connections between articles and the citation network should be considered for tasks such as automatic name disambiguation, entity linking and biomedical database annotation. A simple experiment shows the applicability of these findings to name disambiguation.

Availability and implementation

The code used for this analysis is available at: https://github.com/raroes/one-sense-per-citation-network.
SSIPe: accurately estimating protein–protein binding affinity change upon mutations using evolutionary profiles in combination with an optimized physical energy function
Authors: Huang Xiaoqiang , Zheng Wei , Pearce Robin , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2019

Motivation

Most proteins perform their biological functions through interactions with other proteins in cells. Amino acid mutations, especially those occurring at protein interfaces, can change the stability of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and impact their functions, which may cause various human diseases. Quantitative estimation of the binding affinity changes (ΔΔGbind) caused by mutations can provide critical information for protein function annotation and genetic disease diagnoses.

Results

We present SSIPe, which combines protein interface profiles, collected from structural and sequence homology searches, with a physics-based energy function for accurate ΔΔGbind estimation. To offset the statistical limits of the PPI structure and sequence databases, amino acid-specific pseudocounts were introduced to enhance the profile accuracy. SSIPe was evaluated on large-scale experimental data containing 2204 mutations from 177 proteins, where training and test datasets were stringently separated with the sequence identity between proteins from the two datasets below 30%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and experimental ΔΔGbind was 0.61 with a root-mean-square-error of 1.93 kcal/mol, which was significantly better than the other methods. Detailed data analyses revealed that the major advantage of SSIPe over other traditional approaches lies in the novel combination of the physical energy function with the new knowledge-based interface profile. SSIPe also considerably outperformed a former profile-based method (BindProfX) due to the newly introduced sequence profiles and optimized pseudocount technique that allows for consideration of amino acid-specific prior mutation probabilities.

Availability and implementation

Web-server/standalone program, source code and datasets are freely available at https://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/SSIPe and https://github.com/tommyhuangthu/SSIPe.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FFLtool: a web server for transcription factor and miRNA feed forward loop analysis in human
Authors: Xie Gui-Yan , Xia Mengxuan , Miao Ya-Ru , Luo Mei , Zhang Qiong , Guo An-Yuan
Published: December 2019

Transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are two kinds of important regulators for transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations. Understanding cross-talks between the two regulators and their targets is critical to reveal complex molecular regulatory mechanisms. Here, we developed FFLtool, a web server for detecting potential feed forward loop (FFL) of TF-miRNA-target regulation in human. In FFLtool, we integrated comprehensive regulations of TF-target and miRNA-target, and developed two functional modules: (i) The ‘FFL Analysis’ module can detect potential FFLs and internal regulatory networks in a user-defined gene set. FFLtool also provides three levels of evidence to illustrate the reliability for each FFL and enrichment functions for co-target genes of the same TF and miRNA; (ii) The ‘Browse FFLs’ module displays FFLs comprised of differentially or specifically expressed TFs and miRNAs and their target genes in cancers. FFLtool is a valuable resource for investigating gene expression regulation and mechanism study in biological processes and diseases.

Availability and implementation

FFLtool is available on http://bioinfo.life.hust.edu.cn/FFLtool/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neural Systems for Own-body Processing Align with Gender Identity Rather Than Birth-assigned Sex
Authors: Majid D S Adnan , Burke Sarah M , Manzouri Amirhossein , Moody Teena D , Dhejne Cecilia , Feusner Jamie D , Savic Ivanka
Published: December 2019

Gender identity is a core aspect of self-identity and is usually congruent with birth-assigned sex and own body sex-perception. The neuronal circuits underlying gender identity are unknown, but greater awareness of transgenderism has sparked interest in studying these circuits. We did this by comparing brain activation and connectivity in transgender individuals (for whom gender identity and birth-assigned sex are incongruent) with that in cisgender controls (for whom they are congruent) when performing a body self-identification task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty transgender and 30 cisgender participants viewed images of their own bodies and bodies morphed in sex toward or opposite to birth-assigned sex, rating each image to the degree they identified with it. While controls identified with images of themselves, transgender individuals identified with images morphed “opposite” to their birth-assigned sex. After covarying out the effect of self-similarity ratings, both groups activated similar self- and body-processing systems when viewing bodies that aligned with their gender identity rather than birth-assigned sex. Additionally, transgender participants had greater limbic involvement when viewing ambiguous, androgynous images of themselves morphed toward their gender identity. These results shed light on underlying self-processing networks specific to gender identity and uncover additional involvement of emotional processing in transgender individuals.
Emergence of an Invariant Representation of Texture in Primate Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Lieber Justin D , Bensmaia Sliman J
Published: December 2019

A major function of sensory processing is to achieve neural representations of objects that are stable across changes in context and perspective. Small changes in exploratory behavior can lead to large changes in signals at the sensory periphery, thus resulting in ambiguous neural representations of objects. Overcoming this ambiguity is a hallmark of human object recognition across sensory modalities. Here, we investigate how the perception of tactile texture remains stable across exploratory movements of the hand, including changes in scanning speed, despite the concomitant changes in afferent responses. To this end, we scanned a wide range of everyday textures across the fingertips of rhesus macaques at multiple speeds and recorded the responses evoked in tactile nerve fibers and somatosensory cortical neurons (from Brodmann areas 3b, 1, and 2). We found that individual cortical neurons exhibit a wider range of speed-sensitivities than do nerve fibers. The resulting representations of speed and texture in cortex are more independent than are their counterparts in the nerve and account for speed-invariant perception of texture. We demonstrate that this separation of speed and texture information is a natural consequence of previously described cortical computations.
Wildcat bankers or political failure? The Irish financial pantomime, 1797–1826
Authors: Kenny Seán , Turner John D
Published: December 2019

Using a new biography of banks, we examine the stability of Irish banking from 1797 to 1826 by constructing a failure rate series. We find that the ultimate cause of the frequent and severe banking crises was the crisis-prone structure of the banking system, which was designed to benefit the political elite. There is little evidence to suggest that wildcat banking or the failure of the Bank of Ireland to act as a lender of last resort were to blame. We also find that the main economic effect of the episodic crises was major diminutions in the money supply.
Some Kinds of Home: Home, Transnationality and Belonging in Noviolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names
Authors: Nyambi Oliver , Makombe Rodwell , Motahane Nonki
Published: December 2019

Over the years, the notion of home has permeated disciplinary, inter- and cross-disciplinary enquiries into the human condition. In recent years, ideas, constructions and perceptions of ‘homes’ have been further complicated by constant shifts in conceptions and practices of transnational mobilities that have informed and disrupted ways of seeing, making and re-making homes at home and away from ‘home’. In this article, we draw from Sara Ahmed’s idea of home as ‘a space within us’ to read the novel We Need New Names (2013) by the transnational Zimbabwean writer NoViolet Bulawayo as a text that interrogates the intertwined and complicated relationship between home, transnational identity and belonging. Focusing on the protagonist’s experiences in both Zimbabwe and America, this article examines the idea of home as it refracts uniquely twenty-first-century experiences, perceptions and notions of transnational spaces, and shapes certain notions of identity, transnationality and belonging in We Need New Names.