bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian phylodynamic inferences on the temporal evolution and global transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Jianguo , Li Zhen , Cui Xiaogang , Wu Changxin
Published: April 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely from China to the world. Although the viral genome has been well characterized, the evolutionary origin and global transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly investigated. To address this, we retrieved 313 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the GISAID database (https://www.gisaid.org), from which 99 genomes generated from original clinical specimens with exact collection dates from 16 countries were selected and enrolled for Bayesian phylodynamic analysis. Here we show that the time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (tMRCA) of SARS-CoV-2 is Dec 11, 2019 (95%HPD, Nov 21 - Dec 24). Two clades of global circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 were suggested by Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) tree. The USA circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 seemed to be from both of the two clades, the UK and Australia circulating strains were from Clade 1, the circulating strains in Singapore, Japan, Germany, France, and Italy were from Clade 2. Although we have not found any obvious bottle-neck-effect from the Bayesian Skyline Plot of the viral population dynamics reconstruction, a sharp reduction of the lower 95% HPD of the relative genetic diversity was observed from Feb 5, 2020, suggesting a possible initiation of a bottle-neck-effect. Thirteen (6 synonymous and 7 non-synonymous) mutations in the viral genome were observed, including two clade-specific mutations (C8782T and T1844C in Clade 1 rather than Clade 2) and eleven sub-clade specific mutations. All of the observed mutations occurred in the USA circulating strains, except one mutation T18488C only occurred in the UK circulating strains. A non-synonymous mutation in the 3’-UTR was also observed, suggesting an altered RNA replication capacity of SARS-CoV-2. We thus came to the conclusion that continuous evolution occurred in almost all regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and potentially in a country-specific manner. Further efforts on monitoring the genomic mutations of SARS-CoV-2 from different countries are recommended.
Retraction: Confidence level and credit risk analysis in Russian banks
Authors: Lavrushin Oleg , Sokolinskaya Natalia
Published: April 2020

Retracted on August 17, 2020 by the Journal’s owner and Publisher. Type of retraction – plagiarism.There wasn’t a request for this retraction, but the reason for investigation of plagiarism fact was the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s report “Predatory Journals at Scopus and WoS: Translation Plagiarism from Russian Sources”: https://kpfran.ru/wp-content/uploads/plagiarism-by-translation-2.pdf” dated August 12, 2020. The publishing house has familiarized itself with the report. The article by Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin (2019). Asset allocation in equity, fixed-income and cryptocurrency on the base of individual risk sentiment. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 16(2), 171-181. doi:10.21511/imfi.16(2).2019.15 was mentioned in this report. It is noted that translation plagiarism was detected in this article - http://wiki.dissernet.org/wsave/IMFI_2019_2_1publ.html. Due to this the publishing house carried out an investigation on possible cases of plagiarism of all articles of these authors (Alexey Mikhaylov, Natalia Sokolinskaya and Evgeniy Lopatin) published in “Business Perspectives” journals. When the manuscript "Confidence level and credit risk analysis in Russian banks" was submitted to the Journal for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. Then, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs. Plagiarism was not detected. On August 12, 2020 the Russian Academy of Sciences Committee’s presented the report. Editorial staff decided to re-test all articles of mentioned authors for plagiarism using the iThenticate and Unicheck programs – the programs didn’t show the plagiarism, then the articles were tested for translation plagiarism by the experts of “Business Perspectives” and plagiarism was detected (plagiarism and paraphrases from Russian-language sources).
According to the results of the investigation, the Publisher and owner of the journal decided to retract this article because of plagiarism on August 17, 2020.The authors were notified of such a decision.
Geoglyphs in time and space
Authors: Von Werlhof Jay
Published: April 2020

Using the relationship between art and religion u a take-off point. This article examines two types of earthen art: rock alignments and geoalypht. Differences and similarities in form and content are discussed. As regarding earthen art in various locations, and speculations are made as regarding their religious significance.
Testigos de Jehová e imaginario normalista en la escuela primaria: Identidades en colisión
Authors: Molina Hernández José Luis
Published: April 2020

Problema llamativo y a la vez poco abordado, el conflicto que enfrenta a los testigos de Jehová y los profesores de educación básica en el marco de las escuelas públicas tiene implicaciones que trascienden a los actores. En este artículo nos centramos fundamentalmente en el caso de los profesores, como la parte menos estudiada del conflicto (lo que no significa reducir el problema o achacárselo a ellos), y desde los aportes de las teorías de la identidad, del análisis histórico gremial, y de la revisión de las implicaciones fenomenológicas de su vida cotidiana, tratamos de entender su posición y sus repuestas. La indagación sugiere que buena parte de sus posiciones con respecto a los símbolos patrios están determinados por factores de orden politico-hist6rico, fenomenológicos, psicológicos, religiosos y ético-laborales, aunque tengan consecuencias pedagógicas no intencionadas.
Dzieci trojga rodziców: przegląd stanowisk etycznych wobec technik „mitochondrial replacement”
Authors: Jaranowski Paweł
Published: April 2020

Artykuł prezentuje debatę etyczną, jaka odbyła się w Wielkiej Brytanii przed wprowadzeniem do praktyki klinicznej w 2015 roku nowych metod sztucznego rozrodu człowieka: technik „mitochondrial replacement” nazywanych również „mitochondrial donation”. Rozpoczyna się od prezentacji stanu prawnego w Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie po raz pierwszy na świecie ustawodawca dopuścił modyfikowanie dziedzictwa genetycznego ludzi w procesie zapłodnienia „in vitro” w zakresie genomu mitochondrialnego. Druga część artykułu wyjaśnia aspekty medyczne. Przedstawione zostały konieczne zagadnienia z cytofizjologii komórki ludzkiej, patofizjologia, epidemiologia i symptomatologia chorób mitochondrialnych oraz opis technik „mitochondrial replacement”. Trzecia część poświęcona jest zagadnieniom filozoficznym. Omawiam w niej naturalistyczny, transhumanistyczny i personalistyczny sposób wartościowania przedmiotowych technik, rekonstruując antropologiczne podstawy takich ocen. Materiał egzemplifikujący wymienione stanowiska pochodzi z opinii przesłanych w ramach konsultacji do Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
SARS-CoV-2: Recent Reports on Antiviral Therapies Based on Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Umifenovir, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir and other Drugs for the Treatment of the New Coronavirus
Authors: Costanzo Michele , De Giglio Maria Anna Rachele , Roviello Giovanni Nicola
Published: April 2020

Here we report on the most recent updates on experimental drugs successfully employed
in the treatment of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also referred to as
COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-19). In particular, several cases of recovered patients have
been reported after being treated with lopinavir/ritonavir [which is widely used to treat Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection] in combination with the anti-flu drug oseltamivir.
In addition, remdesivir, which has been previously administered to Ebola virus patients,
has also proven effective in the U.S. against coronavirus, while antimalarial chloroquine
and hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir and co-administered darunavir and umifenovir (in
patient therapies) were also recently recorded as having anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. Since the
recoveries/deaths ratio in the last weeks significantly increased, especially in China, it is clear
that the experimental antiviral therapy, together with the availability of intensive care unit
beds in hospitals and rigorous government control measures, all play an important role in
dealing with this virus. This also stresses the urgent need for the scientific community to devote
its efforts to the development of other more specific antiviral strategies.
Current Trend and Pro-survival Approaches for Augmenting Stem Cell Viability
Authors: Shende Pravin , Gandhewar Nivedita
Published: April 2020

Background:

Stem cells are of two types: embryonic and adult stem cells and they act as a
repair system by replenishing body tissue. Stem cells differentiate into different types of cells, such as
neural, hematopoietic, adipose, etc. and are used for the treatment of various conditions like myocardial
infarction, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes.

Methods:

This article focuses on recent research development that addresses the viability issues of
stem cells. The efficiency of transplanted stem cells reduces due to conditions like hypoxia, inflammation,
nutrient deprivation, immunogenicity, extracellular matrix loss on delivery and mechanical stress.

Results:

To increase the viability of stem cells, techniques like scaffolds of stem cells with hydrogel or
alginate, pre-conditioning, different routes of administration and encapsulation, are implemented.

Conclusion:

For the protection of stem cells against apoptosis, different pathways, namely Phosphoinositide
3-Kinase (PI3K/AKT), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF1), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
(MAPK) and Hippo, are discussed.

Discussion:

Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases the concentration of apoptotic factors,
while the HIF pathway protects stem cells against the micro-environment of tissue (hypoxia).
Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Limitations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Maan Gagandeep , Sikdar Biplab , Kumar Ashish , Shukla Rahul , Mishra Awanish
Published: April 2020

Background:

Flavonoids, a group of natural dietary polyphenols, are known for their beneficial effects on human health. By virtue of their various pharmacological effects, like anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective effects, flavonoids have now become an important component of herbal supplements, pharmaceuticals, medicinals and cosmetics. There has been enormous literature supporting neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Recently their efficacy in various neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson diseases, has received particular attention.

Objective:

The mechanism of flavanoids neuroprotection might include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory and modulation of various cellular and intracellular targets. In in-vivo systems, before reaching to brain, they have to cross barriers like extensive first pass metabolism, intestinal barrier and ultimately blood brain barrier. Different flavonoids have varied pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect their pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore, brain accessibility of flavonoids is still debatable.

Methods:

This review emphasized on current trends of research and development on flavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, possible challenges and strategies to encounter using novel drug delivery system.

Results:

Various flavonoids have elicited their therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases, however by using nanotechnology and novel drug delivery systems, the bioavailability of favonoids could be enhanced.

Conclusion:

This study bridges a significant opinion on medicinal chemistry, ethanopharmacology and new drug delivery research regarding use of flavonoids in management of neurodegeneration.
Highly Potent and Selective Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (ENTPDase1, 2, 3 and 8) Inhibitors Having 2-substituted-7- trifluoromethyl-thiadiazolopyrimidones Scaffold
Authors: Afzal Saira , Zaib Sumera , Jafari Behzad , Langer Peter , Lecka Joanna , Sévigny Jean , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: April 2020

Background:

The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) terminate
nucleotide signaling via the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside-5'-triphosphate and nucleoside-
5'-diphosphate, to nucleoside-5'-monophosphate and composed of eight Ca2+/Mg2+ dependent
ectonucleotidases (NTPDase1-8). Extracellular nucleotides are involved in a variety of
physiological mechanisms. However, they are rapidly inactivated by ectonucleotidases that are involved
in the sequential removal of phosphate group from nucleotides with the release of inorganic
phosphate and their respective nucleoside. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases
(NTPDases) represent the key enzymes responsible for nucleotides hydrolysis and their overexpression
has been related to certain pathological conditions. Therefore, the inhibitors of NTPDases
are of particular importance in order to investigate their potential to treat various diseases e.g.,
cancer, ischemia and other disorders of the cardiovascular and immune system.

Methods:

Keeping in view the importance of NTPDase inhibitors, a series of thiadiazolopyrimidones
were evaluated for their potential inhibitory activity towards NTPDases by the malachite green
assay.

Results:

The results suggested that some of the compounds were found as non-selective inhibitors
of isozyme of NTPDases, however, most of the compounds act as potent and selective inhibitors.
In case of substituted amino derivatives (4c-m), the compounds 4m (IC50 = 1.13 ± 0.09 μM) and
4g (IC50 = 1.72 ± 0.08 μM) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of h-NTPDase1 and 2, respectively.
Whereas, compound 4d showed the best inhibitory potential for both h-NTPDase3
(IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.06 μM) and h-NTPDase8 (0.21 ± 0.02 μM). Among 5a-t derivatives, compounds
5e (IC50 = 2.52 ± 0.15 μM), 5p (IC50 = 3.17 ± 0.05 μM), 5n (IC50 = 1.22 ± 0.06 μM) and 5b (IC50 =
0.35 ± 0.001 μM) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of h-NTPDase1, 2, 3 and 8, respectively.
Interestingly, the inhibitory concentration values of above-mentioned inhibitors were several
folds greater than suramin, a reference control. In order to determine the binding interactions,
molecular docking studies of the most potent inhibitors were conducted into the homology models
of NTPDases and the putative binding analysis further confirmed that selective and potent compounds
bind deep inside the active pocket of the respective enzymes.

Conclusions:

The docking analysis proposed that the inhibitory activity correlates with the hydrogen
bonds inside the binding pocket. Thus, these derivatives are of interest and may further be investigated
for their importance in medicinal chemistry.
Early Detection of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: The Parent Questionnaires
Authors: Cianchetti Carlo
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Early detection of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents is relevant. For this purpose, the use of questionnaires completed by parents is applicable. Parent questionnaires are also useful preliminary support to the clinical investigation.

Methods:

Validated tools for the analysis of behavioral and emotional problems suitable for school-age subjects are analyzed in their characteristics and possibilities of use.

Results:

The following are the main characteristics of the instruments examined. The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory 4&5, Parent Checklist (CASI-4&5) and Behavior Assessment System For Children - Parent Rating Scales 2&3 (BASC-2&3) include a high number of questions, with exploration extended to almost all possible pathologies.

The Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL) has less items (113), but only 48 refer to DSM pathologies. The use of CASI, BASC and CBCL carries a cost because they are copyrighted.

The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) has 35 items, but only 17 have a reference to 3 clinical areas. The Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDA) is very short (25 items) and concerns only the main externalizing and internalizing disorders. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) has 75 items and explores a wide range of psycho-pathological issues, likewise CASI and BASC. PSC, SDA and CABI can be used free of charge.

Conclusion:

The comparison of the characteristics of the aforementioned questionnaires can guide the psychiatrist and the epidemiologist in choosing the most suitable tool for what is proposed to be assessed, in relation to practicability, extension of the areas explored and costs.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Status Among Pre-Hospital Healthcare Staff
Authors: Abbaspour Sedigheh , Tajik Reza , Atif Khaula , Eshghi Hossein , Teimori Gholamheidar , Ghodrati-Torbati Abbas , Zandi Anahita
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Mental stress amongst pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers is an iceberg phenomenon; owing to unique occupational stressors faced by them. This study was aimed to examine the mental health status of pre-hospital EMS workers and its correlation with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Work Environment Scale (WES).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study incorporated 224 emergency EMS members from urban and road EMS bases in eastern Iran in 2018. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PTSD-C), and Work Environment Scale (WES) were used as research instruments. Data were analyzed via SPSS Statistics software (version 21); while p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 31.91±6.9 years; 36(16.1%) had PTSD ≥50, which increased with age (p-0.01), number of offspring (p-0.022) and time working at the EMS (p-0.002). Mean WES scores were 73.41±12.27; with a significant impact of marital status (p-0.007), the number of offspring (p-0.023), qualification (p-0.019) and less time working at the EMS (p-0.008). Mental distress was recorded in 89(39.7%) individuals. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that members at higher risk of mental distress were; those with associate’s degree (adjusted OR 3.192; 95% CI, 1.456-6.998), individuals with 1 or 2 offspring (adjusted OR 2.03; 95% CI, 0.992-4.156; adjusted OR 3.380; 95% CI, 1.483-7.704, respectively), and those with PTSD equal or higher than 50 (adjusted OR 2.504; 95% CI, 1.063-5.903), with a reverse impact of WES (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

PTSD adversely affected mental health and clinical performance of the subjects; while work-place environment augmented working spirit as well as psychological resilience. Strategies aiming at stress-dilution and improvements in a professional environment cannot be over-emphasized.
Inactive Calcified Cysts In Neurocysticercosis: Is This Actually The Case?
Authors: Camargo José Augusto , Gianini Reinaldo José
Published: April 2020

Neurocysticercosis is a worldwide disease that is extensively neglected. Its real gravity is not disclosed to people. Knowledge for the population in all countries must be done urgently.
Exploring affective barriers in virtual exchange: the telecollaborative foreign language anxiety scale
Authors: Fondo Marta , Jacobetty Pedro
Published: April 2020

The technological revolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about new learning scenarios as well as new professional requirements, such as the development of intercultural and Foreign Language (FL) skills. In this regard, Virtual Exchange (VE) projects provide students with learning opportunities through online social interaction and collaboration (Dooly, 2017); allowing authentic intercultural experiences for students who do not have the opportunity of travelling (O’Dowd, 2016) and promoting 21st-century skills development (Jager, Kurek, & O’Rourke, 2016). However, interacting online in the FL with a person from a different culture can entail an affective challenge for students and might give rise to Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). FLA is a dysphoric and situational anxiety suffered by one out of three FL students which inhibits communication and learning (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Due to the impossibility of finding an available tool to investigate the presence and effects of FLA in VE environments, the Telecollaborative FLA Scale (T-FLAS) was designed. This article presents the development of the T-FLAS, a 21-item questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, aiming to provide researchers and practitioners with a tool to explore FLA in VE.
Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik berorientasi pada minat dan prestasi
Authors: Marlinda Ivone , Wijaya Ariyadi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran untuk siswa kelas VIII SMP dengan pendekatan pendidikan matematika realistik yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Perangkat Pembelajaran ini terdiri atas RPP dan LKS yang berorientasi pada minat dan prestasi belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research & Development). Penelitian ini mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Subjek uji coba penelitian adalah 21 siswa kelas uji coba. Instrumen  penelitian  yang digunakan terdiri dari lembar validasi, lembar penilaian kepraktisan siswa, lembar penilaian kepraktisan guru dan instrumen penilaian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengkonversi total skor data kuantitatif yang diperoleh menjadi data kualitatif skala lima. Kevalidan perangkat mencapai kriteria sangat baik. Kepraktisan pada uji coba lapangan mencapai kategori sangat baik untuk penilaian guru dan mencapai kategori baik untuk penilaian siswa. Keefektifan perangkat yang dikembangkan terlihat dari (1) persentase ketuntasan  tes prestasi belajar mencapai 80,95%; (2) berdasarkan hasil penilaian angket, persentase siswa yang memiliki minat minimal pada kategori tinggi mencapai 85,71%. Developing a learning set with realistic mathematics education approach oriented to the interest and achievementAbstractThis research is aimed at developing a learning set for the eight grade students of junior high school based on realistic mathematics education which is valid, practical, and effective. The instructional material consists of lesson plans and student’s worksheets, which are oriented to the interest and student’s learning achievements. This is a research and development study. It developed learning pack using the 4-D (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate) development model.  The subjects of this research involved 21 students. The research instrument included validation sheets, student practicality assessment sheets and assessment instrument. The data analysis was done by converting the total score of the quantitative data into qualitative data in rating scale of five. The validity of learninng set get  very good criteria. The practicality on field trials get very good category from teacher assesment and get good category from student assesment. Effectiveness of learning set are developed by (1) the percentage of classical masttery of learning achievements test are 80.95%; (2) based on the result of the questioner the percentage of the student’s interest who have reached the high minimum category score is 85.71%.
Public Health in the Information Age: Recognizing the Infosphere as a Social Determinant of Health (Preprint)
Authors: Morley Jessica , Cowls Josh , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Since 2016, social media companies and news providers have come under pressure to tackle the spread of political mis- and disinformation (MDI) online. However, despite evidence that online health MDI (on the web, on social media, and within mobile apps) also has negative real-world effects, there has been a lack of comparable action by either online service providers or state-sponsored public health bodies. We argue that this is problematic and seek to answer three questions: why has so little been done to control the flow of, and exposure to, health MDI online; how might more robust action be justified; and what specific, newly justified actions are needed to curb the flow of, and exposure to, online health MDI? In answering these questions, we show that four ethical concerns—related to paternalism, autonomy, freedom of speech, and pluralism—are partly responsible for the lack of intervention. We then suggest that these concerns can be overcome by relying on four arguments: (1) education is necessary but insufficient to curb the circulation of health MDI, (2) there is precedent for state control of internet content in other domains, (3) network dynamics adversely affect the spread of accurate health information, and (4) justice is best served by protecting those susceptible to inaccurate health information. These arguments provide a strong case for classifying the quality of the infosphere as a social determinant of health, thus making its protection a public health responsibility. In addition, they offer a strong justification for working to overcome the ethical concerns associated with state-led intervention in the infosphere to protect public health.
Digital Health Equity and COVID-19: The Innovation Curve Cannot Reinforce the Social Gradient of Health (Preprint)
Authors: Crawford Allison , Serhal Eva
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital health innovations have been rapidly implemented and scaled to provide solutions to health delivery challenges posed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This has provided people with ongoing access to vital health services while minimizing their potential exposure to infection and allowing them to maintain social distancing. However, these solutions may have unintended consequences for health equity. Poverty, lack of access to digital health, poor engagement with digital health for some communities, and barriers to digital health literacy are some factors that can contribute to poor health outcomes. We present the Digital Health Equity Framework, which can be used to consider health equity factors. Along with person-centered care, digital health equity should be incorporated into health provider training and should be championed at the individual, institutional, and social levels. Important future directions will be to develop measurement-based approaches to digital health equity and to use these findings to further validate and refine this model.
Kerjasama Pertahanan Indonesia-Korea Selatan: Kedaulatan Maritim dan Transfer Teknologi dalam Pengadaan Kapal Selam DSME 209/1400
Authors: Al-Fadhat Faris , Effendi Naufal Nur Aziz
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT This study examined Indonesian defense cooperation with South Korea in producing DSME 209/1400 submarines and how its impact towards Indonesian broader defense and maritime policy. Indonesia was expected to had adequate defense equipment to covered its large geographical areas. Nevertheless, most of the national army’s defense equipment were old, while the domestic defenseindustry had just initiated. In this context, strategic cooperation was essential especially with countries which had advanced defense industries and technology. One example was Indonesian cooperation in submarine development with South Korea. This study used qualitative analytical methods by looking at the main driving factors, impacts, and complex challenges of Indonesian defense policy in the submarine sector.The results of this study showed that the Indonesia-South Korea cooperation was part of the country’s strategy to strengthened its submarines vision in 2024. In contrast to other existing cooperation which emphasizing on equipment trade, the agreement with South Korea had also initiated the process of technology transfer to helped Indonesian maritime defense for longer term. However, the findings of this study showed that the cooperation had serious challenges, especially with regards to human resources and budget allocation. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebijakan kerjasama pertahanan Indonesia dengan Korea Selatan dalam hal pengadaan Kapal Selam DSME 209/1400 dan dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap politik pertahanan dan maritim Indonesia. Sebagai negara yang menganut politik pertahanan defensif, Indonesiadituntutuntuk memiliki strategi alutsistayang sesuai dengan kondisi geografisnya. Sementara itu, pengembangan industri pertahanan nasional baru saja dimulai di tengah kondisi usia alutsista TNI yang sebagian besar sudah tua. Oleh karena itu, kerjasama dengan negara-negara yang memiliki industri pertahanan maju merupakan sebuah kebijakan strategis. Salah satunya adalahkerjasama Indonesia dengan Korea Selatan di bidang pengembangan kapal selam.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analitis dengan melihat faktor-faktor pendorong utama, dampak, serta tantangan yang cukup kompleks dari kebijakan pertahanan Indonesia di sektor kapal selam.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan kerjasama Indonesia-Korea Selatan pada dasarnya merupakan upaya untuk memperkuat visi pengadaan kapal selam Indonesia pada tahun 2024. Berbeda dari beberapa kerjasama serupa yang bersifat pembelian alat pertahanan semata, kesepakatan yang ditandatangani tahun 2011 ini turut mengikusertakan proses transfer teknologi untuk menjamin keberlanjutan kemandirian maritim Indonesia. Meski demikian, temuan dalam
Effect of Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris to Lipid Profile and Visceral Fat Index Alteration in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Rats
Authors: Mulyati Mulyati , Rahmawati Aprilia , Widiyanto Slamet
Published: April 2020

Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris contain protein, carbohydrates, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and many micronutrients. Those compounds have potency of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. maxima and C. vulgaris powder administration on alteration of body weight, lipid profile, glucose levels, and visceral fat index of hyperglycemia rats. Twenty male rats were divided into 5 groups i.e. negative control (NC), hyperglycemia control (HC), metformin (M), A. maxima (AR), and C. vulgaris (CH). Body weight and visceral fat index were measured and calculated by semianalytic and analytical scales. Serum glucose levels were measured by Easy Touch GCU (Glucose, Cholesterol, Uric acid). Lipid profile levels were measured using the photometric enzymatic method. The results showed no differences in body weight between groups, except in AR group was found significantly decreased in body weight on the 20th day. Glucose serum, total cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels in microalgae treatment groups were not significantly different be compare to control group. LDL levels of D30 significantly different from D0, but neither between groups. The visceral fat index of a control group was higher compared to that of a microalgae group and significantly different. In conclusion, the administration of microalgae A. maxima and C. vulgaris for 30 days are effective to reduce visceral fat index but not effective to maintain body weight, glucose level, as well as not effective to improve lipid profile.
Clinical Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Adams Solomon M. , Crisamore Karryn R. , Empey Philip E.
Published: April 2020

Pharmacogenomics is a tool for practitioners to provide precision pharmacotherapy using genomics. All providers are likely to encounter genomic data in practice with the expectation that they are able to successfully apply it to patient care. Pharmacogenomics tests for genetic variations in genes that are responsible for drug metabolism, transport, and targets of drug action. Variations can increase the risk for drug toxicity or poor efficacy. Pharmacogenomics can, therefore, be used to help select the best medication or aid in dosing. Nephrologists routinely treat cardiovascular disease and manage patients after kidney transplantation, two situations for which there are several high-evidence clinical recommendations for commonly used anticoagulants, antiplatelets, statins, and transplant medications. Successful use of pharmacogenomics in practice requires that providers are familiar with how to access and use pharmacogenomics resources. Similarly, clinical decision making related to whether to use existing data, whether to order testing, and if data should be used in practice is needed to deliver precision medicine. Pharmacogenomics is applicable to virtually every medical specialty, and nephrologists are well positioned to be implementation leaders.
The Influence of Gender and Education Level on Taxpayer Compliance (Case Study on Personal Taxpayer at East Tangerang KPP Pratama)
Authors: Purba Hasian , Sarpingah Siti
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study are as follows: (i) Finding empirical evidence regarding Gender towards Taxpayer compliance; and (ii) Find empirical evidence regarding the effect of the Education Level on Taxpayer compliance.The type of research used in this study is causal which will test the hypothesis about the effect of one or several independent variables on the dependent variable. The population in this study was all individual taxpayers registered at the East Tangerang KPP Pratama. Sample selection using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used to test hypotheses is a multiple regression method.The results of the study show, (i) Gender has a negative and significant effect on Taxpayer compliance; (ii) The education level of taxpayers has a positive and significant effect on compliance with tax payments.
A Case Study on Online Learning and Digital Assessment in Times of Crisis
Authors: Kwong Theresa , Mui Lawrence , Wong Eva Y. W.
Published: April 2020

To minimise the adverse impact on student learning due to escalating social unrest started locally in June 2019 and the current COVID-19 pandemic, Hong Kong Baptist University has emphatically strengthened its strategic resolve in e-Learning deployment. With various measures and e-Learning initiatives rolled out, HKBU teachers gained more momentum in launching online classes and conducting e-Assessments with different e-Tools. Peer-sharing from teachers who have successfully implemented online classes and digital assessment was conducive to creating a culture to fast-track e-Learning adoption. This case study sheds light on how virtual teaching and learning have assisted HKBU teachers and students circumvent the recent crises. The study also identifies determining factors and challenges of adopting e-Learning strategies at the University.
INFORMAL AND FORMAL STEPS IN CONDUCTING DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES AS WAYS OF TEACHING PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Nikolic Ivan
Published: April 2020

The intention of the author of this text is to determine a more precise structure of conducting discussions and debates as the best ways for teaching philosophical material. The first part of the text will be depleted by trying to set a more precise connection between discussions and debates so that the platform, for which informal and formal steps are being developed for their conduct, would be clearer. Thereby, it will be shown how initiating and conducting discussions mostly bases on informal steps and conducting debates on formal. Digressing shortly, the author will try to explain the term dissociation as deeply funded in any approach to philosophical problematics, regardless of its conception as a dialogue or a monologue. For the purpose, a classroom example will be provided. In the final part of the text from the given perspective, the author will single out from a variety of steps recommended for successfully conducted classes the ones which fit the best in such a concept of selecting and conducting discussions and debates.
FUTURE I IN THE SPEECH OF THE VRANJE'S CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Stanković Dragana
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the usage of futures in the speech of the Vranje's children of preschool and primary school age. In this regard, all forms of futures are used by the examinees, and then by calculating the frequency index (IF) the frequency of usage of the dialectic futures structure and the dependence of the usage of this structure on non-linguistic factors - the age of pupils, sex, education of both parents, places of residence, attending kindergarten / school. The sample covered 40 examinees, children of pre-school and primary school age, different sex, parents education and place of residence. The obtained results indicate the use of three different constructions in the service of Futures I, whereby the dialectic futuric structure is the most frequent and resistant to the influence of the language standard. So, the influence of non-linguistic factors on the usage of the dialectic Futuric form is visible, but not great. As a result, age and gender have no influence. The obtained results can contribute to the improvement of the processing of futures in the teaching of the Serbian language, which is particular importance for teaching in the pronounced dialectical area such as the Prizren-South Moravian region, to which the Vranje's speech belongs to.
IOT CONCEPT APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR USING COLLABORATION
Authors: Maksimović Mirjana
Published: April 2020

Since its appearance, the Internet of Things (IoT) shows the potential to radically transform numerous areas of our everyday lives. Education, as one of the most important concerns and investments of a new world, didn’t remain immune to novel technology advancements. With the IoT vision, not just computers, tablets and smartphones, but almost every other device becomes connected to the Internet, completely changing the traditional model of education. This paper analyzes manners to achieving enhanced educational practices using novel Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly IoT, as well as the potential of these approaches to contribute in achieving economically, socially and environmentally sustainable educational environment. Alongside technology, enhanced IoT-supported educational environment demands a higher degree of collaboration among institutions, staff members, and students. Only with full engagement of all stakeholders and their willingness to cooperate and collaborate, the idea of the completely redesigned education sector, technology supported, enhanced and economically, ecologically and socio-culturally sustainable is possible. Therefore, the power of collaboration, people, and technology in the modernization of the education sector and the realizing fully IoT-supported collaborative educational practices and the environment is the subject of discussion.
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS AND SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL TEAMS IN PREVENTION OF DIGITAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Milošević Radulović Lela , Marković Krstić Suzana
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses the role of teachers and school professional teams in prevention of digital violence in order to increase the safety of students while using the information and communication technology. The school as the center of the educational process can, with its continuous action, indicate the possible risks in the functioning and usage of information and communication technology, as well as other key factors in prevention of digital violent behavior and social intervention when violence occurs. The social reaction to digital violence implies the application of an active school education strategy that involves acquiring knowledge about the risks and risk behaviors and developing the responsibility of an individual when using digital technologies, then a strategy of action when an individual is exposed to some form of digital violence and sanctions for those who violate the rules. In recent years, scientists and experts have been involved in theoretical and empirical researches in the field of digital violence in order to gain knowledge and raise awareness about the dangers that threaten in the virtual environment. Such initiatives can significantly contribute to the intensification of the educational activities of the school (teachers and professional teams) by pointing to their indispensable role and importance in designing adequate preventive strategies for solving this significant social problem.
FRAMEWORK FOR INDICATOR-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Janaćković Goran , Savić Suzana , Stanković Miomir
Published: April 2020

The effects on functioning of the society and consequences of natural disasters and technological accidents require preparedness and rapid response. Disaster management is defined by decisions based on situation description and potential dangers. Risk assessment is performed at various levels, from national to local. This paper presents a framework to optimize natural disaster and technological accident risk management at local level based on application of risk indicators. The method of multi-criteria analysis is applied, and key indicators that best describe the risks at the level of local communities in Serbia were chosen. The results show the importance of raising the resilience of local communities to disasters, primarily in the areas of planning and capacity building.
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PHOTO-ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Todosijević Slobodan , Ćirić Dejan , Radičević Branko , Šoškić Zlatan
Published: April 2020

The photoacoustic effect, as a non-destructive method, has increased application in defining thermal and optical properties of materials. Since the measurement of photoacoustic signal requires use of an electronic system, knowledge of the transfer function of the measurement system is a prerequisite for its application. This paper presents two different experimental techniques for the determination of the transfer function of a PA measurement system.
THE ROLE OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PROTECTION FROM NATURAL DISASTERS AND OTHER FORMS OF HAZARDS IN SERBIA
Authors: Božović Marijola , Živković Snežana
Published: April 2020

The process of emergency management, starting from risk assessment of natural disasters and other hazards, through taking measures of prevention, protection and rescue, mitigation and restoration, should not be seen as burden on society, but rather as a factor of development. The dangers and accidents do not only take human lives, but inflict enormous, often irreparable damage that weakens the material power of the state and individuals, and can cause long-term problems to whole society. In that context, it is essential that the state influences the reduction of risks and dangers, increases the importance of participation and effectiveness of resources and capacities engaged in the process of emergency management, and thus, at the same time contributes to the security and development of whole society.The paper deals with the problems related to the development of vulnerability assessment from natural disasters as one of the tasks of the local government in the emergency management. After the risks at the local community have been assessed, it is possible to have an insight into the available technical and human capacity in the local community and, based on the given situation and in accordance with the law, make protection and rescue plans.
Corrigendum PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION OF A HEAT PUMP PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM
Authors: Živković Nenad
Published: April 2020

CorrigendumMarko Mančić1, Emina Petrović1, Vlastimir Nikolić1, Milena Jovanović2, Predrag Rajković1, Miloš Simonović1PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION OF A HEAT PUMP PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEM 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Serbia2Faculty of Occupational Safety in Niš, University of Niš, Serbia  FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Series Working and Living Environmental Protection Vol. 13, No 3, 2016, pp. 165 -176, DOI: 10.22190/FUWLEP1603165M The Editor-in-Chief has been informed that in the article ‘Particle Swarm Optimization of a Heat Pump Photovoltaic Energy System’, FACTA UNIVERSITATIS, Series Working and Living Environmental Protection Vol. 13, No 3, 2016, pp. 165-176, DOI: 10.22190/FUWLEP1603165M, co-author’s names - Predrag Rajković and Miloš Simonović - have been omitted. After further discussion with the corresponding author, the Editor-in-Chief has decided to publish a corrigendum for this article. Link to the corrected article - DOI: 10.22190/FUWLEP1603165M
PREVALENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND PRACTICE OF SAFETY CONTROL MEASURES AMONG HEALTH WORKERS OF GENERAL HOSPITAL MINNA
Authors: Sheshi Idris M. , Agbana Emmanuel B.
Published: April 2020

This study determines the prevalence of occupational diseases and safety practices among health workers of General Hospital, Minna. The study was Cross Sectional Descriptive. Stratified Sampling Technique was adopted. Semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed in frequency tables. The most common occupational disease among the respondents include: Stress & Exhaustion 61.2%, Needle Stick Injury 52.8% and Neck and Low Back Pain 56.4%. Forty-two point eight percent (42.8%) of the respondents have received at least one dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine. Majority 57.2% never receive the Vaccine. There was no association between socio-demographic characteristics and receipt of vaccine. About 18.4% of the respondents have being exposed to fluids of HIV/AIDS patients through needle stick injury. Majority of them 60.9% have gone for Post Exposure Prophylaxis against HIV. More than half of the respondents 58.8% have been using Personal Protective Equipments (PPE). The study concludes that there is poor knowledge, high attitude and high level of practice of control of occupational hazards among health workers among the respondents. There should be strengthening of Health Education and Training of Health Workers on Occupational Hazards and its Control.
INFLUENCE OF THE BURDEN BY VARIOUS LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS ON SERUM LIPIDS CONCENTRATION IN SECURITY OFFICERS
Authors: Jovanovic Jovica M , Šarac Ivana , Jovanović Jovana , Sokolović Dušan , Jovanović Stefan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between the level of professional stress and the concentration of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum of security employees. . The study included 415 security officers (exposed group) divided into four sub-groups and 150 administrative workers (control group). By applying a standardized questionnaire, the level of professional stress in their workplaces was calculated. To determine the serum lipid concentration in the all subjects, venous blood samples were taken in the morning after a twelve-hour food abstinence Security officers are exposed to a high level of professional stress, where the level of stress index depends on the type of the job they are engaged in. The highest values of the total index of professional stress, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were registered with the employees who transport money and those carrying firearms. The lowest total index of professional stress, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were registered with property security officers and persons who do not carry firearms.  The correlation between the level of stress index at work, an increase in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels is statistically significant. We believe that there is a significant correlation between the level of the overall stress index at work and the risk of atherosclerosis in security officers.