bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of New Approach Methodologies for Application in Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles in the Food and Feed Sector: Status and Challenges
Authors: Usmani Shirin M. , Bremer‐Hoffmann Susanne , Cheyns Karlien , Cubadda Francesco , Dumit Verónica I. , Escher Sylvia E. , Fessard Valerie , Gutleb Arno C. , Léger Thibaut , Liu Yuk‐Chien , Mast Jan , McVey Emily , Mertens Birgit , Montalvo Daniela , Oomen Agnes G. , Ritz Vera , Serchi Tommaso , Sieg Holger , Siewert Katherina , Stanco Deborah , Verleysen Eveline , Vincentini Olimpia , Yeo Calvin W. S. , Yu Dingyi , van der Zande Meike , Haase Andrea
Published: September 2024

Abstract New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), broadly understood to include in silico, in chemico, in vitro and ex vivo methods, show great potential in advancing risk assessment albeit their regulatory implementation is lagging. The EFSA Guidance on risk assessment of nanomaterials (EFSA Guidance on Nano‐RA) suggests nano‐specific risk assessment is best achieved through Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATAs) with NAMs as the first choice to generate new information. Integrating NAMs in risk assessment promises several advantages such as a better human focus, more detailed insights into molecular mechanisms and a higher efficacy. However, applying NAMs to NMs also poses considerable challenges such as issues related to dispersion stability, dosimetry, agglomeration, dissolution, transformations or assay interferences. Significant efforts are being undertaken by standardisation organisations and research projects to establish various NAMs for NMs. Here a thorough review is provided covering NAMs that will be potentially useful for risk assessment of NMs in the food and feed sector. It follows the structure of the EFSA Guidance on Nano‐RA and expands it, where needed, to support decision‐making in selection of NAMs for NM risk assessment. The review begins with an overview on nano‐specific NAM‐frameworks, followed by a description of individual NAMs including those relevant to NM physicochemical characterisation, exposure and hazard assessment covering toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics. The focus is on NAMs concerning NM degradation/dissolution, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, (pro‐)inflammation, and barrier integrity as those are important endpoints for initial screening according to the EFSA framework. As a result, in total 267 individual nano‐relevant NAMs, mostly “not validated” (with a few notable exceptions), were included in this review. Validation notwithstanding, NAMs could already prove relevant and reliable for risk assessment of NMs, especially in integrated approaches.
New evidence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights from the West and Central African region
Authors: Okonofua Friday
Published: September 2024

The African Journal of Reproductive Health is pleased to publish these compendiums of original research in this special edition that document new findings in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights from the West and Central African region (WCA). While sub-Saharan Africa has some of the worst indicators of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in the world, the indicators are more daunting in the WCA region. To date, the WCA is recognized to have the highest rates of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmissible infections, as well as the lowest contraceptive prevalence rates among adolescents worldwide.1 Despite the high rate of adverse adolescent reproductive health outcomes in WCA, there has been limited documentations of the socio-cultural and economic circumstances that perpetuate these adverse consequences. There have also been no purposefully designed interventions that provide strong scientific evidence for developing strategies to reverse the trend.
Analysis of care for adolescent victims of gender-based violence in Senegal: a qualitative study
Authors: Sougou Ndèye M. , Diedhiou Adams , Diallo Amadou I. , Diongue Fatoumata B. , Ndiaye Ibrahima , Ba Mouhamadou F. , Ndiaye Sokhna , Mbaye Serigne M. , Samb Oumar M. , Faye Adama
Published: September 2024

In Senegal, many adolescent victims of gender-based violence (GBV) do not receive care. The aim of this study was to analyse the care circuit for adolescent victims of GBV, taking gender differences into account. This was a qualitative case study. A thematic analysis of the data was carried out using Nvivo 12 software. The study showed that society attached less importance to the rape of boys. The study also showed that the main attitude of adolescents to GBV was silence, encouraged by under-reporting. The structural barriers to providing care were the insensitivity of health and judicial structures towards adolescents, as well as geographical and financial obstacles. In conclusion, it is important for policies to tackle these structural barriers in order to promote a system of care suited to cases of GBV among adolescents.
Adolescents’ accessibility and use of sexual and reproductive health services in Kaolack and Gossas, Senegal
Authors: Senghor Diarra Bousso , Sandie Arsène Brunelle , Guèye Barrel Sow , Fall Ndèye Awa , Ndiaye Sidy Mokhtar , Mandiang Abdou Aziz , Faye Cheikh Mbacké
Published: September 2024

In Senegal, the needs for care related to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among adolescents are significant. This study evaluates the accessibility and use of gender-related SRHR services by adolescents in the municipalities of Kaolack and Gossas. It is based on quantitative and qualitative data from 2,263 adolescents in the 2 sites, 84 in-depth individual interviews, 12 focus groups with adolescents and sexual reproductive Health actors, and 4 interviews with key informants. Quantitative analysis consisted of the interpretation of univariate statistics and bivariate analyses, while qualitative analysis relied on the coding and thematic analysis of verbatim statements. The results show low use of health structures (3% and 0.4% in Gossas and Kaolack respectively). This was attributed to the perceptions that services are not suitable to the needs of adolescents, and also because of socio-cultural constraints in the two sites. Additionally, the distribution of access to reproductive health services by sex shows gaps between boys and girls. We conclude that efforts should be made to tailor the sexual and reproductive health services offered to adolescents to their needs and social circumstances.
Level and factors associated with entry into motherhood among adolescents in a crisis context: Case of internally displaced adolescent girls in Kaya and Kongoussi communes, Burkina Faso
Authors: Onadja Yentéma , Nguemeleu Eric Tchouaket , Sia Drissa , Sawadogo Pengdewendé Maurice , Bassinga Gaëtan , Gnambani Assé , Sangli Gabriel
Published: September 2024

This study aims to measure the level of entry into motherhood among internally displaced adolescent girls in Kaya and Kongoussi communes, Burkina Faso, and to analyze the factors associated with it. Data were collected from 404 adolescent girls aged 12-19 years in a cross-sectional survey conducted between July and August 2021. The proportion of internally displaced adolescent girls who had started childbearing was 26.5%. Age, marital status and current use of modern contraception were found to be significantly associated with entry into motherhood among internally displaced adolescent girls. Marital status mediates the effect of religion and employment on entry of the adolescents into motherhood. The results suggest that actions aimed at preventing early marriage and improving employment opportunities among adolescent girls could potentially prevent their early entry into motherhood.
Knowledge and practice of health workers on sexual and reproductive health and rights and gender-based violence: Evidence from three municipalities in Senegal
Authors: Diongue Fatoumata Binetou , Diallo Amadou Ibra , Sougou Ndèye Marème , Ba Mouhamadou Faly , Ndiaye Ibrahima , Ndiaye Mayacine , Ndiaye Sokhna , Samb Oumar Mallé , Mbaye Serigne Mor , Faye Adama
Published: September 2024

Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries face numerous developmental, sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) challenges, including exposure to multidimensional violence. Dealing with gender-based violence (GBV) is of great importance and health personnel are key players. The objective of this work was to study the knowledge and practices of health personnel on SRHR and gender-based violence in Guédiawaye, Kaolack and Kolda communities in Senegal. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, which consisted of health professionals (general practitioners and specialists, nurses, and midwives) and community health workers (community relays, bajenu gox, matrons). All health facilities in the three communities were included. Data analysis consisted of univariate analysis and logistic regression modeling to investigate the factors associated with the knowledge and practice of health personnels. An alpha risk of 5% was taken. A total of 78 health professionals and 128 community actors were included in the study. More than half of the health personnel (56.3%) had good knowledge of policies, standards and protocols relating to sexual and reproductive health services for women (adolescents) and about 60% on conventions and laws. The level of knowledge was good among 51% of respondents and good practices among 54.9%. The factors associated with good knowledge were the municipality in which the profession was practiced, and the effects of training received in the social construction of gender. The factors associated with the practices were knowledge of policies, standards and protocols through training, training received in the provision of family planning services, and in medico-psychosocial management of cases of sexual violence. We conclude that the knowledge of stakeholders (health professionals and community health workers) about sexual and reproductive health and gender-based violence is important for better service provision and good management of cases of gender based violence.
Gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescent girls in Senegal: an analysis of social control practices
Authors: Sall Tikam Liese , Sakho Cheikh Sadibou , Ndiaye Ndèye Laïty
Published: September 2024

This article problematizes gender-based violence (GBV) as a social practice and explains its role as a social mechanism for controlling bodies. Based on a mixed methodological approach (combining questionnaires, qualitative interviews, focus groups, and participant observation) targeting both adolescent girls and community actors, this study reveals forms of GBV that are little explored among the adolescent population. Social practices, such as “nëpp nëppël” or the culture of silence, frequently conceal GBV within families, hindering reporting and thus limiting adolescents’ access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services and influencing their limited knowledge of SRHR. Shelter centres, such as Kullimaaroo, are crucially important in this context by providing holistic support to victims of GBV, but such structures are rare in Senegal. We conclude that it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach taking into account social practices to address the complex relationship between GBV and SRHR among adolescents in Senegal.
Transactional sex in humanitarian settings: A comparative analysis of livelihood and demographic predictors
Authors: Kunnuji Michael , Kanaahe Brian , Roth Connor , Bukoye Funsho , Atukunda Doreen , Alayande Simbiat , Schaub Emily , Esiet Adenike , Marlow Heather , Izugbara Chimaraoke
Published: September 2024

Millions of people have been displaced within or outside their countries. Disruptions associated with displacement often lead to transactional sex with dire social, sexual and reproductive health implications. A common driver of transactional sex is food insecurity among refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), yet IDP/refugee settings offer an opportunity for females to challenge and renegotiate gender norms and exercise greater control over their lives and sexuality. We compared predictors of transactional sex across humanitarian settings and found them to be significantly different. Among IDPs, the likelihood of transactional sex reduces with having access to food ration and education, but increases with having ‘other sources’ of income. Among refugees, transactional sex likelihood reduces with having either/both parent(s) alive but increases with working for money. Hence, multiple factors drive transactional sex in different contexts. Protecting women in humanitarian situations from the risks of transactional sex requires an understanding of these differences.
भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में विभिन्न पत्र-पत्रिकाओं की भूमिका का मूल्यांकन
Authors: शर्मा वन्दना
Published: September 2024

भारत को ब्रिटिश शासन से स्वतंत्रता एक लंबे और कठिन संघर्ष के बाद मिली। इस संघर्ष में अनगिनत भारतीयों ने अपने प्राणों की आहुति दी और देश में व्यापक स्तर पर संपत्ति का विनाश हुआ। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के सात दशकों से अधिक समय बाद भी, स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के शहीदों को केवल स्वतंत्रता दिवस, गणतंत्र दिवस, और गांधी जयंती जैसे अवसरों पर ही याद किया जाता है। भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में राष्ट्रीय पत्र-पत्रिकाओं और पत्रकारिता ने एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। इस शोध पत्र में स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के दौरान विभिन्न पत्र-पत्रिकाओं और जनसंचार माध्यमों के योगदान को विस्तार से प्रस्तुत किया गया है। विदेशी सरकार द्वारा लगाए गए कठोर नियमों और प्रतिबंधों के बावजूद, स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों ने राष्ट्रीय पत्र-पत्रिकाओं और पत्रकारिता का उपयोग एक प्रभावशाली हथियार के रूप में किया, जिससे ब्रिटिश शासन की नींव हिल गई। इस शोध में स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के दौरान पत्र-पत्रिकाओं और जनसंचार माध्यमों की स्थिति का SWOT विश्लेषण भी किया गया है। उस समय देश में व्याप्त सामाजिक और आर्थिक समस्याओं को राष्ट्रीय पत्रकारिता के माध्यम से उजागर करने और उनका समाधान ढूंढने का प्रयास किया गया। स्वतंत्रता पूर्व युग में राष्ट्रीय पत्र-पत्रिकाओं ने भारतीय जनमानस को एक नई दिशा दी और उनके गैर-व्यावसायिक पहलुओं का भी इस अध्ययन में विश्लेषण किया गया है।
Advances in Musculoskeletal Radiology: Diagnostic Techniques and Clinical Applications
Authors: Bedor Alsoliman  , Marwa Alrugebh  , Albandri Alzahrani  , Nada Ahmed Alshreef  , Rana Abdulaziz Algwiser
Published: September 2024

Musculoskeletal radiology is a rapidly evolving field that plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing a wide range of disorders affecting bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. This paper reviews the latest advances in musculoskeletal radiology, emphasizing diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US). We conducted a retrospective analysis of imaging data from 300 patients with various musculoskeletal disorders, evaluating the effectiveness of these imaging modalities in detecting and diagnosing conditions such as fractures, soft tissue injuries, arthritis, and tumors. The results highlight the strengths and limitations of each imaging modality, offering insights into their optimal application in clinical practice. The study concludes with recommendations for a multimodal imaging approach to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
A theoretical perspective of Relationship between Student Behavior and Academic Achievement
Authors: Sunitha Kallai  , Prof. Harsh Purohit  , Dr. Vimlesh Tanwar
Published: September 2024

There is a strong correlation between behaviour and academic success. The behaviour of students, including their mindset, determination, and dedication to learning, greatly influences their academic success. Effective learning behaviour, including a strong interest, a track record of success, and a natural aptitude for learning, contributes to improved psychological well-being in the classroom and school environment. However, disruptive behaviour, such as bullying or talking during lectures, can significantly impact the entire classroom and impede academic progress. In relation to academic success, studies have been conducted on time management behaviour, but no significant relationship has been discovered. Academic performance can be influenced by various social factors, including social ties and peer effects. In general, various aspects of behaviour, such as learning behaviour, disruptive behaviour, and social factors, play a crucial role in determining academic success. This paper examines the theoretical perspective of the relationship between student behaviour and academic achievement. It draws on various literature sources that discuss the parameters associated with student behaviour and academic achievement.
An Analysis of the Influence of Patriarchy on Women's Political Engagement
Authors: Swechaa Siingh
Published: September 2024

India has recently focused on women's political participation for gender equality and democracy. Patriarchy upholds a biassed perspective on the role of women in society. These roles have been possible due to the evolution of the binary discourse of the public (for men) & private (for women) realms, with the latter ostensibly relegating women to the house. Near the end of the twentieth century, democratic movements all around the world gained steam, and globalisation sped up. Consequently, women's movements to dismantle patriarchy through increased representation in political decision-making accelerated. Women's political engagement is on the rise worldwide, the rate & quality of this development differ between nations. The purpose of this study is to explain why women's political responsibilities & involvement are typically undervalued compared to men's, even though women encounter few legal barriers to participating at all levels of political processes. This study uses the development of three structural categories to answer the issue of how patriarchy actually hinders women's involvement in politics.
CRYPTOCURRENCY WALLET: COINDCX
Authors: Hamdulay Nawaz Ali
Published: September 2024

Wallet is a pouch in which a person carries fiat currency and his/her small personal belongings like identification documents like driving license, debit cards ,credit cards, visiting cards or any laminated cards we can say, this is what a traditional wallet we are using from decades. But this is an era of crypto currency or digit currency where you need a wallet to keep your crypto currency or tokens in one place for using in day to day bases or for trading and earning more crypto currency so this wallet is known as crypto currency wallet which helps you to store and do each and every chaos of the day with it. This research will study the crypto currency wallet CoinDCX and all the features and services it offers to its users. The research article will explore CoinDCX wallet impact on crypto currency market of country India. The research article will also observe the pros and cons of CoinDCX crypto currency wallet.
NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF KASIM: HERITAGE MEETS HAUTE COUTURE
Authors: Agrawal Aakanksha , Gupta Charu , Aggarwal Sunita Aggarwal
Published: September 2024

This study explores the revitalization of Kasim, a traditional natural dye, through its application in modern fashion. Kasim, a dye historically integral to Indian crafts such as Kalamkari, Bagh, and Ajrakh, has been crafted over generations by fermenting jaggery and iron fillings. When applied to fabric pre-mordanted with myrobalan, it produces a distinct black hue, traditionally used for freehand painting and block printing of design outlines. To bring this age-old dye into contemporary relevance, the research developed new application techniques that simplify its use while enhancing its aesthetic possibilities. Various methods, including leaf printing and resist spraying, were tested to achieve sophisticated design effects suitable for haute couture. The study culminated in the design of a collection of kaftan kurtas, conceptualized using CAD software, with strategically placed prints on areas such as the shoulders, hemline, and neckline. This precise placement not only enhances the visual appeal of the garments but also aligns with current minimalist fashion trends, making Kasim both relevant and attractive to today’s fashion consumers. The innovative designs generated in this research demonstrate the seamless integration of traditional dyes into modern fashion, offering a valuable pathway for designers and manufacturers to incorporate cultural heritage into contemporary products while meeting the expectations of modern markets.
AI FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: INNOVATIONS & APPLICATIONS
Authors: Supriya Kumari  , Anu Kumari  , Waoo Akhilesh A.
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become universal across various sectors, permeating every aspect of our lives regardless of age or profession. In this era of AI, it's necessary to prioritize sustainable development and innovation in its application. While AI enables rapid completion of tasks alike human efficiency, it also raises concerns about increasing unemployment rates. However, AI serves as a powerful tool for decoding the universe, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable AI development.This review paper examines the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across multiple sectors, including healthcare, education, urban planning, agriculture, energy, and environmental conservation. Through the utilization of AI technologies, such as predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms, transformative solutions are being implemented to address complex challenges and facilitate sustainable development. However, challenges such as ethical considerations, data privacy concerns, accessibility issues, and the digital divide must be addressed to ensure equitable and sustainable deployment of AI technologies for SDGs. This paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, continued investment, capacity building, and policy frameworks to maximize the positive impact of AI while mitigating potential risks and disparities. By prioritizing ongoing investment in AI for sustainable development, stakeholders can unlock its full potential and pave the way for a sustainable and inclusive future.
REVIEW OF GAMMA CORRECTION TECHNIQUES IN DIGITAL IMAGING
Authors: Soni Santosh , Singh Pramod , Waoo Akhilesh A.
Published: September 2024

Gamma correction is a crucial process in digital imaging systems, aiming to compensate for the nonlinear relationship between input signal and luminance output. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various gamma correction techniques employed in digital imaging systems. It covers both traditional methods and recent advancements, outlining their principles, advantages, and limitations. The review encompasses techniques such as power-law gamma correction, piecewise gamma correction, and adaptive gamma correction. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of gamma correction on image quality metrics, color reproduction, and perception. The paper also explores the challenges and future directions in gamma correction research, including the development of real-time adaptive algorithms and integration with machine learning approaches. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of digital imaging systems, offering insights into the current state-of-the-art techniques and potential avenues for further advancements.
DATA ANALYTICS IN COMMERCE: LEVERAGING INSIGHTS FOR GROWTH
Authors: Deshmukh Amarjit R , Kumar Yashwant , Kumar Rohtash , Sharma Pooja
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of commerce, data analytics has emerged as a transformative tool for driving growth and competitive advantage. This paper explores the role of data analytics in commerce, emphasizing how businesses leverage insights to make informed decisions, enhance operational efficiency, and stimulate growth. By integrating data-driven strategies, companies can uncover valuable patterns and trends that inform product development, marketing strategies, and customer engagement initiatives. The paper examines various data analytics techniques, including descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics, and their applications in different commercial contexts. Additionally, it highlights case studies of organizations that have successfully implemented data analytics to achieve significant business outcomes. The discussion extends to the challenges of integrating data analytics into business operations, such as data quality, privacy concerns, and the need for skilled personnel. By addressing these challenges and showcasing best practices, the paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how data analytics can be effectively harnessed to drive commerce growth and innovation.
THE IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF PURCHASE PATTERNS IN PERSONAL CARE AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA.
Authors: Dixit Pravendra , Singh P. B.
Published: September 2024

The importance of green and eco-friendly marketing has increased in India as our country is facing environmental problems caused by increased pollution due to industrial growth and development. To avoid environmental pollution, companies have defined green marketing as a good marketing philosophy. In recent decades, researchers have observed a significant change in consumer behavior from choosing products based on their physical attributes such as size, color, taste or aroma to other important attributes such as environment and health.Today, consumer perception and attitudes have changed from gray products to green products. Their awareness of ecological marketing influences their purchasing behavior. Thus, companies have begun to utilize environmentally friendly marketing strategies and techniques by introducing more environmentally friendly products. Increased consumer awareness of the environmental crisis has forced marketers to adopt a green marketing strategy. The present study is an attempt to analyze the effect of consumer awareness of green and ecological marketing on purchasing behavior towards personal care and cosmetic products in Uttar Padesh . The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of green marketing in the cosmetics industry, which caters to the needs of everyone from newborns to teenagers. This industry produces a wide range of products that ensure beauty and youth .A study conducted on a sample of 500 consumers living in Uttar Padesh . Basic information was collected from the sample respondents using a structured questionnaire. The results of the study show that consumer awareness of green marketing has a significant impact on consumer purchasing behavior.
Determinación de la dosis óptima de N, P y K en el cultivo de brócoli hibrido Avenger (Brassica oleracea itálica) en Ecuador
Authors: Cornejo Calvachi Gloria Anabel , Cartagena Ayala Yamil Everaldo , Parra Rafael , Puetate Huera Galo Hernán , Chancusig Francisco Hernán , Chasi Vizuete Wilman Paolo
Published: September 2024

El brócoli es un cultivo no tradicional de exportación para Ecuador. Este estudio utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta para optimizar la fertilización de brócoli híbrido Avenger. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la hacienda Las Mercedes, provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador, a una altitud de 2.913 m s. n. m. Se evaluó la respuesta del brócoli a diferentes dosis de N-P-K (nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio) con cinco niveles de dosis crecientes desde 0 a 300 kg ha-1 de N, 0 a 70 kg ha-1 de P y 0 a 180 kg ha-1 de K, y un tratamiento sin fertilización. El diseño experimental fue un compuesto central rotable (DCCR) 3K+1 con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas incluyeron la altura de la planta, compactación, diámetro ecuatorial y rendimiento de la pella. Los resultados mostraron que: i) la más grande altura de la planta (59,90 cm) se obtuvo con T13 (150 kg ha-1 N, 70 kg ha-1 P, 90 kg ha-1 K); ii) la mayor compactación de la pella (1,12 kg cm-2) se encontró con T11 (300 kg ha-1 N, 35 kg ha-1 P, 90 kg ha-1 K); iii) el mejor diámetro ecuatorial (197,80 mm) y rendimiento (25,25 t ha-1) se lograron con T8 (239 kg ha-1 N, 56 kg ha-1 P, 144 kg ha-1 K); y iv) el modelo de superficie de respuesta sugirió una dosis óptima de 178 kg ha-1 N, 70 kg ha-1 P y 25 kg ha-1 K para un rendimiento de 26,5 t ha-1. En conclusión, el modelo ajusta de manera aceptable el rendimiento del cultivo.
Ch. 7. Comedy and History, Theory and Evidence in Duris of Samos
Authors: Baron Christopher
Published: September 2024

This paper o-ers a brief investigation of what the fragments of the third-century BCE author Duris of Samos reveal about the relationship between comedy and history. I argue that his citations of comic poetry match his stated concern for vividness in historical narrative. I also consider the light shed on Greek historical writing in the fourth and third centuries by Duris’ practice of using comedy as historical evidence. Given his interest in multiple genres and his connection to the Peripatetics, it would not be surprising if Duris turned to comedy more frequently than his predecessors had done.
Published in Emily Baragwanath and Edith Foster, ed., Clio and Thalia. Attic Comedy and Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 6), p. 211-39.
Ch. 3. Implied Motivation in Diodorus’ Narrative of the Successors
Authors: Wallace Shane
Published: September 2024

This chapter examines the issue of implied motivation in Diodorus’ narrative of the Successors, Bibliotheke Books XVIII–XX. It focuses on the depiction of three individuals, Peukestas, Peithon, and Polyperchon, and argues that Diodorus preserves evidence of a sophisticated and layered narrative that combined historical narrative with a critical dissection of individuals’ thoughts and motives. The use of embedded focalisation within the text reveals an interest in a hermeneutic approach to history which, while likely not Diodorus’ own, was preserved by him because it fit the moral-didactic programme of Diodorus’ Bibliotheke.
Published in Alexander Meeus, ed., Narrative in Hellenistic Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 8), p. 69-114.
Ch. 6. A Literary Passage: Polybius and Plutarch’s Narrator
Authors: Almagor Eran
Published: September 2024

This article deals with the presence of Polybius in the narrative world of Plutarch’s works. It assumes that the explicit references made by Plutarch’s narrator to Polybius have artistic, literary, and historiographic aims (to shed light on the protagonist of Life or on the narrative). Four passages in Plutarch’s works are examined which correspond to passages within the extant complete five books of Polybius: Aratus 38; Cleomenes 25 and 27; and De fortuna Romanorum 12.
Published in Alexander Meeus, ed., Narrative in Hellenistic Historiography (HISTOS Supplement 8), p. 171-209.
8. Research on Procopius of Caesarea in the Scandinavian Languages
Authors: Westberg David
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
15. Procopius in Spain
Authors: Codoñer Juan Signes
Published: September 2024

Published in Geoffrey Greatrex, ed., Work on Procopius outside the English-speaking World (HISTOS Supplement 9).
Ammianus, Theodosius and Sallust's Jugurtha
Authors: Seager Robin
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine Ammianus' treatment of the elder Theodosius and to suggest the existence of certain parallels between his account of Theodosius' suppression of the rising of the Moorish chieftain Firmus (29.5) and an earlier North African war, that waged by Q. Metellus and C. Marius against the Numidian king Jugurtha, narrated in Sallust's monograph. The tentative conclusion will be that a reading of Ammianus that keeps Sallust in mind corroborates a view that is, I believe, defensible in its own right, namely that Ammianus is by no means as uncritical of Theodosius as has sometimes been assumed. Writing under Theodosius' son, he could not of course risk open criticism. Indeed, his portrayal of Theodosius is overtly encomiastic. But, as I have tried to demonstrate elsewhere, Ammianus is capable of subverting even official encomium to produce an effect on his readers very different from that intended by official sources.
The Casting of Julian the Apostate 'in the Likeness' of Alexander the Great: a Topos in Antique Historiography and its Modern Echoes
Authors: Smith Rowland B. E.
Published: September 2024

Parallels between Julian the Apostate and Alexander the Great were drawn repeatedly in antiquity. Although the comparison instantiates a familiar topos in the repertoire of Roman imperial panegyrists and historiographers, in Julian’s case a unique complexity attaches to the 'Alexander comparison' on several counts. Close reading discloses lines of influence and reaction holding between the earlier and later testimonies, and what some of them postulate reflects an awareness of observations made about Alexander in Julian’s writings that indicate a strong interest in him on the emperor’s own part. Moreover, the image of Julian as an obsessive 'Alexander-emulator' transmitted in one strand of the ancient tradition has a modern counterpart in some scholarship which ascribes to him a deepening psychological inclination to identify with, or to rival, Alexander. This paper aims both to explicate the formation and development of the theme of Julian’s 'likeness to Alexander' as an antique literary construct, and to review the modern representation of him as a passionate 'Alexander-emulator', arranged in four sections: I. Introduction; II. Precedents and parallels: the 'likeness to Alexander' theme as a literary topos; III. The passage of the Julian–Alexander comparison from rhetoric to historiography in the external testimonies: (i) Libanius; (ii) Ammianus; (iii) the Christian testimonies (Gregory Nazianzen, Philostorgius and Socrates Scholasticus); IV. Alexander’s image in Julian’s writings: the hypothesis of emulation reviewed.
Learning from History para doxan: a New Approach to Polybius' Manifold View of the Past
Authors: Maier Felix K.
Published: September 2024

Scholars have seen a contradiction in Polybius’ view of history because, on the one hand, he talks of cycles and recurrent actions, but on the other is aware of the unpredictable aspects of history (as seen, e.g., with tychê). The present paper seeks to show that there is no contradiction in Polybius’ thought, since alongside the belief that the future can be deduced by drawing logical (κατὰ λόγον) conclusions from the past, there is another strand in Polybius which recognizes and indeed highlights the importance of contingency in history, and the fact that many events occur contrary to human reckoning (παρὰ λόγον). Although Polybius does not discuss the latter explicitly, he nonetheless underscores it by the use of counterfactual thinking and of narratives that emphasize accidental occurrences. Both approaches serve, although in different ways, the paideutic purposes of Polybius’ work.
The pamphleteer Ephippus of Olynthus, King Alexander, and the Persian Royal Hunt
Authors: Spawforth Antony J. S.
Published: September 2024

This paper argues that Jacoby’s fragment 5 of Ephippus of Olynthus’ lost pamphlet on the deaths of Hephaestion and Alexander conceals a malevolently distorted and hitherto unrecognized reference to Alexander’s adoption in 324/323 BC of the traditional hunting style of the Assyrian and Achaemenid kings, namely, the use of a chariot and archery in pursuit of lions. The paper puts this startling development into the larger context of, firstly, Alexander’s political and cultural Persianizing, and, secondly, the rich symbolism of the royal lion hunter in the ancient Near East. Finally, the paper asks how far such ‘misreadings’ of the historical Alexander’s Asian monarchy by the first generation of Greek Alexander-historians might have colored the later ancient view of Alexander’s alleged quest for deification.
Alcibiades ΠΟΛΥΤΡΟΠΟΣ: Socratic Philosopher and Tragic Hero?
Authors: Fulkerson Laurel
Published: September 2024

Alcibiades and Socrates: oil and water, never to mix? Many previous scholars have thought so, finding Alcibiades of interest only as a failed philosophical exemplum, but this article suggests that, at least in the Symposium, Plato presents Alcibiades as the figure in the dialogue closest to Socrates in philosophical attainment. The claim is supported through a series of comparisons, drawn from the dialogue itself and from other ancient sources, particularly Thucydides. Alcibiades can be read as similar to Socrates both in his greatness and in his destiny: to be destroyed by the city that both reared him and underappreciated him. Such a reading opens wider historiographical and even historical perspectives.
Ch. 1. Homer and the Question Why
Authors: Pelling Christopher
Published: September 2024

Historiography’s debt to Homer is immense, especially in exploring matters of cause and effect. The epics trace things back to beginnings, even if those are only ‘hinges’ in a still longer story; they use speech-exchanges not merely to characterise individuals but also to explore features of their society; the interaction of human and divine is complex, but the narrative focus characteristically rests more on the human level; allusiveness to narratives of earlier and later events also carries explanatory value. Epic and historiography alike also cast light on why readers find such aesthetic pleasure in stories of suffering, brutality, and death.
Published in C. Constantakopoulou and M. Fragoulaki, ed., Shaping Memory in Ancient Greece (HISTOS Supplement 11), p. 1-35.
Maximinus Thrax, General of Severus Alexander or Victor over the Persians? Some Considerations Concerning the Sources of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus' Roman History
Authors: Vitiello Massimiliano
Published: September 2024

This article explores the historiographical accounts that attest the presence of Maximinus Thrax in the Persian campaign of Severus Alexander. The Western tradition is silent about this episode, except for a brief passage in Jordanes' Getica. Jordanes acknowledges his source for Maximinus as the lost Roman History of Symmachus the Younger. Yet neither the remarkable designation of Severus Alexander as 'Alexander Mamaeae' nor Maximinus' Persian campaign under Severus Alexander appear in those works which modern scholars commonly understand to be the sources of Symmachus' information about Maximinus: that is, the Life of the Two Maximini in the Historia Augusta and Orosius. Further, while Herodian and some Byzantine historians shed some light on Maximinus' presence in Persia, none of these accounts appears to share a common source with the item from Symmachus' History. Thus Jordanes' reference to Maximinus in Persia reveals the presence of a Greek source used by Symmachus that was evidently a distinctive element in the extremely complex historiographical tradition surrounding Severus Alexander's Persian campaign. As an exercise in Quellenforschung, this article also sheds light on the compositional methods of all the historians discussed, above all Jordanes and Symmachus, the creativity and independence of both of whom continues to be a matter of considerable scholarly controversy.
Ch. 2. Thucydides Homericus and the Episode of Mycalessus (Thuc. 7.29–30): Myth and History, Space and Collective Memory
Authors: Fragoulaki Maria
Published: September 2024

Mycalessus, a city in Boeotia which Thucydides describes as ‘not big’, becomes the stage of one of the most atrocious episodes in the History of the Peloponnesian War. The question, ‘Why does Thucydides pay so much attention to this local incident?’ has been dealt with in the bibliography, together with that of the position and role of the episode in the narrative of the Sicilian expedition. This chapter suggests that the mentions of Mycalessus in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo must be viewed as significant intertexts for Thucydides’ interaction with epic material, and for the shaping of his historical narrative as a document of panhellenic memory.
Published in C. Constantakopoulou and M. Fragoulaki, ed., Shaping Memory in Ancient Greece (HISTOS Supplement 11), p. 37-86.
4. The Difficult Passage from War to Peace: Liminality, Transition, and Tensions in Aristophanes’ Peace 8
Authors: Chronopoulos Stylianos
Published: September 2024

Published in Rachel Bruzzone, ed., Polemos and his Children (HISTOS Supplement 12), p. 63-85.
Tacitus’ Germania and the Limits of Fantastic Geography
Authors: Lightfoot Jessica
Published: September 2024

This article explores Tacitus’ careful, simultaneous positioning of geographical boundaries and the limits of his own writing at the opening and close of the Germania. Three main aspects of Tacitus’ engagement with broader debates concerning the place of mythic and poetic accounts in contemporary geography and ethnography are examined: the treatment of the supposed visits of Hellenic heroes to Germania; the portrayal of Ocean as a significant geographical and metaphorical boundary; and the strict rejection of fantastic ethnography. This examination both elucidates the Germania’s relationship with traditions of geographical and ethnographic writing and points to Tacitus’ portrayal of the region as a potentially conquerable space.
Cicero and Sallust: Debating Death
Authors: Woodman A. J.
Published: September 2024

This paper argues that the fate of the imprisoned Catilinarian conspirators was discussed not only at the famous meeting of the senate on 5 December 63 BC but also at an earlier meeting held on the previous day. The hypothesis of an earlier discussion seems to explain both the seemingly problematic nature of Cicero’s Fourth Catilinarian and the transmitted text of Sallust’s introduction to the famous debate.
Sleeping with the Tyrant: Thebe the Tyrannicide and the Death of Alexander of Pherae in Plutarch’s Pelopidas
Authors: Boyd Marcaline J.
Published: September 2024

The murder of Alexander of Pherae by his wife Thebe closes Plutarch’s Pelopidas. While scholars have tended to view this ending as posthumous vengeance for Plutarch’s hero, this paper argues that Plutarch wrote Alexander’s death to satisfy the quintessential elements which a wicked tyrant ought to experience and that he also exercised creativity by adducing another motif of Thebe as noble tyrannicide. Plutarch’s take, therefore, departed from an established tradition which portrayed Thebe unfavourably. A virtuous Thebe complemented Plutarch’s interest in other female tyrannicides in Mulierum Virtutes as well as his position expressed in that treatise that bravery is not gender-specific.
The Cart Before the Horse: Coelius Antipater, FRHist 5 F 41
Authors: Krebs Christopher B.
Published: September 2024

This note argues in favour of pectus auorsum in FRHist 5 F 41, which is the reading attested in all Nonian manuscripts, and against the commonly accepted conjecture pectus aduorsum, which is nothing other than an easily explicable simplification.
Ephorus and Alexander the Great (FGrHist 70 F 223)
Authors: Yates David C.
Published: September 2024

Scholars have long maintained that Ephorus began work on the Histories in the middle years of the fourth century, and so place its genesis and most of its composition before the reign of Alexander the Great. A fragment that mentions Alexander’s crossing into Asia (FGrHist 70 F 223) has long been dismissed, but this article argues that it accurately reflects the content of the Histories and most likely appeared in Book 1, which suggests that Ephorus was composing this work decades later than generally thought, during the reign of Alexander.
Thomas Hobbes’s Translation of ‘The Plague of Athens’ (Thuc. 2.47.2–54): A First Critical Edition
Authors: Hoekstra Kinch , Iori Luca
Published: September 2024

The article provides a sample presentation of the critical edition in progress of Thomas Hobbes’s translation of Thucydides, Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre (London, 1629). The specimen of the edition is Thucydides’ narration of the ‘Plague of Athens’, accompanied by an introduction that sets Hobbes’s edition in its historical context, considers his method of translation, and lays out some distinctive requirements for editing an early modern text. A note on the text explains the format and the editorial principles of the specimen.
Ch. 8. The Homericness of Herodotus’ Language
Authors: Tribulato Olga
Published: September 2024

Published in Ivan Matijašić, ed., Herodotus - The Most Homeric Historian? (HISTOS Supplement 14), p. 241-285.
Stratti di Olinto: Uno Storico di Alessandro Magno nella Suda
Authors: Zaccaria Pietro
Published: September 2024

Il presente articolo mira a difendere l’attendibilità testuale e storica del lemma della Suda (s.v. Στράττις, Σ 1179 Adler) relativo allo storico Stratti di Olinto (FGrHist/BNJ 118). L’analisi mette in luce come lo scetticismo con cui la critica più recente ha guardato a tale lemma non risulti giustificato. Il passo della Suda rappresenta una preziosa testimonianza che permette di ricostruire, nelle sue linee essenziali, il profilo di uno storico di Alessandro Magno che visse in età ellenistica e fu autore di almeno tre opere: Sulle Effemeridi di Alessandro, in cinque libri; Sui fiumi, le fonti e i laghi; e Sulla morte di Alessandro.
Defending the Divine: Plutarch on the Gods of Herodotus
Authors: Marincola John
Published: September 2024

Plutarch’s attack on Herodotus’ characterisation and portrayal of the gods in the de Herodoti malignitate and Plutarch’s own portrayal of the divine in his Persian-War Lives show a similar approach and orientation, arising from Plutarch’s belief that Herodotus had either not treated the divine in an appropriate way (e.g., Solon’s remark on the jealousy of the divinity, which was a serious affront to Plutarch’s Platonist beliefs) or that Herodotus had not included enough of the divine in his narrative of the Persian Wars, omitting the clear signs and indications of divine involvement that could so easily be found in other authors.
Published in Anthony Ellis, ed., God in History (HISTOS Supplement 4), p. 41-83.
Experimental and Investigation of ABS Filament Process Variables on Tensile Strength Using an Artificial Neural Network and Regression Model
Authors: Hamed Mostafa Adel Abdullah
Published: September 2024

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a commonly used 3D printing technique that involves heating, extruding, and depositing thermoplastic polymer filaments. The quality of FDM components is greatly influenced by the chosen processing settings. In this study, the Taguchi technique and artificial neural network were employed to predict the ultimate tensile strength of FDM components and establish a mathematical model. The mechanical properties of ABS were analyzed by varying parameters such as layer thickness, printing speed, direction angle, number of parameters, and nozzle temperature at five different levels. FDM 3D printers were used to fabricate samples for testing, following the ASTM-D638 standards, using the Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design method to set the process parameters. The results indicated that the printing process factors had a significant impact on tensile strength, with test values ranging from 31 to 38 MPa. The neural network achieved a maximum error of 5.518% when predicting tensile strength values, while the analytical model exhibited an error of 19.376%.