bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Aplikasi Penjualan Online Daur Ulang Sampah Berbasis Android
Authors: Hudawiguna Sigit , Aat Aat , Rahayu Sri
Published: December 2022

Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Garut terdapat tempat pengelolaan sampah atau daur ulang sampah dimana limbah sampah menjadi suatu produk seperti pupuk organik dan produk tas, karpet, fas bunga dan kerajinan tangan lainya yang bermanfaat dan memilki nilai jual. Dengan bantuan masyarakat kreatif maka, limbah sampah dapat dikelola dan di salurkan menjadi sebuah produk seperti kerajinan maupun pupuk kompos, sehingga terjadi proses bisnis yang menguntungkan bagi masyarakat. Kendala yang terjadi saat ini di lapangan adalah tidak adanya media pemasaran untuk menawarkan produk daur ulang kepada masyarakat umum, sehingga pengrajin mengalami kesulitan dalam mempromosikan produk hasil kerajinanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang aplikasi penjualan online daur ulang sampah berbasis android. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam perancangan aplikasi penjualan online daur ulang sampah berbasis android ini menggunakan metodologi USDP (Unified Sofware Development Proces). Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi penjualan online daur ulang sampah berbasis android yang bisa digunakan sebagai fasilitas untuk menjadi media pemasaran dan penjualan daur ulang sampah sehingga proses bisnis yang terjadi dapat berjalan dengan lancar.
Penerapan Augmented Reality untuk Informasi Denah Kampus Institut Teknologi Garut
Authors: Latifah Ayu , Satria Eri , Hermawan Ari
Published: December 2022

Penempatan berbagai ruangan yang terdapat di-kampus Institut Teknologi Garut tersusun dengan rapih dengan jumlah ruangan yang tidak sedikit, dengan terbatasnya media informasi alokasi penempatan ruangan, penulis memutuskan mengangkat masalah informasi alokasi ruang agar dapat di-visualisasikan ke dalam aplikasi android dan dapat ditampilkan secara virtual pada smartphone android. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat kampus virtual dan dapat di-eksplor oleh user dengan menggunakan smartphone android. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi Research and Development (RnD) dalam tahapan pembuatan aplikasi dan menerapkan pengembangan ADDIE dengan tahapan analyze, design, develop, implement dan evaluate teknologi augmented reality dan dipadukan dengan sowftware Unity 3D dalam proses pembuatan aplikasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan  aplikasi kampus virtual yang dapat digunakan oleh civitas akademik maupun mahasiswa dalam mencari alokasi ruangan yang dicari dengan menggunakan smartphone android, adapun fitur utama dalam aplikasi ini adalah meng-eksplorasi bagian-bagian kampus. Diharapkan aplikasi yang dibuat ini dapat berlanjut dengan pengembangan berbagai fitur baru dalam proses eksplorasi maupun fitur teleportasi untuk mempermudah user dalam mencari ruangan sesuai nama ruangan tersebut.
Analisa Algoritma Association Rule pada Calon Mahasiswa Program Magister di masa Pandemi dengan Metode FP-Growth
Authors: M.hafizh  , Gushelmi  , Triana Novita  , Selvi Zola Fenia  , Emil Naf’an
Published: December 2022

Pada masa sulit ini (pandemi) berdampak juga pada dunia pendidikan tekusus pada mereka yang ingin melanjutkan pendidikan tapi terhalang dan hilang semangat di karenakan kondisi pandemi.sehingga hampir setiap kampus merasakan sedikitnya mahasiswa baru yang mendaftar.karena hal tersebut sangat di butuhkan analisa yang mampu memberikan acuan dalam menyusun strategi dalam meningkatkan kembali jumlah orang yang mendaftar.slaah satu cara yang dapat dilaukan adalal dengan teknik dataminig,  Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam hal ini adalah Algoritma Association Rule metode FP-Growth. FP-Growth adalah salah satu alternatif algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan himpunan data yang paling sering muncul (frequent itemset) dalam sekumpulan data. Algoritma FP-Growth merupakan pengembangan dari algoritma Apriori. Sedangkan di dalam algoritma FP-Growth tidak dilakukan generate candidate karena FP-Growth menggunakan konsep pembangunan tree dalam pencarian frequent itemset. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisa fariabel data calon mahasiswa yang nantinya akan menghasilakn rule yang berguna sebagai acuan dalam mengambil keputusan.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENGOLAH DATA WARGA DESA BERBASIS SDGS
Authors: Susilowati Meme , Wijaya Jose Fernando
Published: December 2022

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah sebuah kegiatan untuk membangun desa yang bebas dari kemiskinan, kesenjangan sosial, dan pemberdayaan lingkungan dengan melakukan pengumpulan data di semua desa, termasuk Desa Sumbersekar di Malang. Akan tetapi, pemerintah desa Sumbersekar tidak dapat mengolah data warga yang telah dikumpulkan karena hanya berupa file excel, sehingga data sulit dibaca dan tidak efisien. Maka dari itu, diperlukan sistem informasi yang dapat menerima, menyimpan serta menampilkan data warga tersebut. Sistem informasi mampu menampilkan olahan informasi warga yang dalam bentuk grafik yang mudah dipahami sehingga pemerintah desa dapat mengerti serta mengambil keputusan yang cepat dan tepat berdasarkan informasi tersebut. Untuk membangun sistem tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem waterfall di mana peneliti membangun aplikasi dalam sebuah proses yang terstruktur dan rapi. Untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut, diperlukan pengumpulan data dan pemahaman tentang proses bisnis yang berjalan dalam pemerintahan desa Sumbersekar. Hal itu dapat dicapai dengan melakukan wawancara dan observasi dokumen
SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PENATAUSAHAAN PADA (STUDI KASUS: KANTOR DESA SUMBERSEKAR)
Authors: Susilowati Meme , Wijaya I Made Puthu
Published: December 2022

Sistem Informasi merupakan sebuah komponen penting yang terjadi kebutuhan dari sebuah instansi perusahaan dan juga kantor desa. Penggunaan sistem informasi ditujukan untuk membantu para pekerja pada kantor desa guna untuk mengolah kantor desa agar menjadi lebih efisien dan efektif. Kantor desa yang bertepatan di desa Sumber Sekar Kabupaten Malang yang berfungsi mengolah penatausahaan kantor Desa Sumbersekar. Maka dibutuhkannya sistem informasi. Dikarenakan mengelola proses bisnis pada kantor desa masih menggunakan pencatatan manual seperti pencatatan perencanaan barang, permintaan barang, dan pembelian barang. Maka dari itu dibuatlah penelitian mengenai perancangan dan pembangunan sistem untuk membantu proses bisnis kantor desa dalam melakukan pencatatan. Sistem informasi Penatausahaan Kantor Desa untuk membantu proses pencatatannya tersebut metode yang digunakan adalah metode Three Major Phases. Di harapkan dengan adanya pembuatan sistem informasi penatausahaan dapat membantu dalam proses pencatatan dan pengolahan pada proses bisnis kantor desa.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION SISTEM INFORMASI TERINTEGRASI AKADEMIK SMA KATOLIK SANTO THOMAS AQUINO
Authors: Ditta Stefanus , Kurniawan Yudhi
Published: December 2022

Di dalam era serba teknologi saat ini menuntut baik itu perusahaan ataupun dunia pendidikan pun harus bisa mengikuti perkembangan teknologi yang ada saat ini. Tidak terlepas SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino yang ada di Tulungagung. Hingga saat ini teknologi yang ada belum mampu untuk melakukan proses integrasi data dari satu departemen ke departemen lain. Sehingga hal tersebut dapat menjadi hambatan dari proses bisnisyang berjalan di SMA Katolik Santo Thomas Aquino. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut maka akan dikembangkannyalah sebuah software atau perangkat lunak yang diperlukan untuk menunjang dari proses integrasi data. Sistem Informasi Terintegrasi Akademik menjadi hal yang diperlukan oleh sekolah untuk melakukan integrasi data nantinya. Sehingga proses bisnis yang berjalan di sekolah dapat berjalan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Sebelum membuat software diperlukan adanya perancangan untuk mendukung dalam proses pengembangan Sistem Informasi Terintegrasi Akademik nantinya. Oleh karena itu dibuatkan nya dokumen Software Requirement Spesification sesuai dengan panduan dari ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148-2018
Ophthalmology Cystinosis Forum Morning Session
Authors: McEvoy Lynda
Published: December 2022

This 1-day meeting was held at the Austria Trend Savoyen Hotel, Vienna, Austria. The morning session consisted of a series of presentations by experts in the field of cystinosis. Prof Katharina Hohenfellner gave an overview of nephropathic cystinosis (NC) and provided her own experience of a multidisciplinary patient follow-up. Dr Alexey Tsygin provided his long-term experience of treatment with cysteamine and highlighted the importance of treating early and the role of cysteamine in treating and preventing long-term complications of cystinosis. Dr Roser Torra presented the findings of the T-CiS.bcn project, which aimed to develop a transition plan from paediatric to adult care through a multidisciplinary team. Dr Rachel Bishop provided an overview of the ocular manifestations of cystinosis followed by a presentation on the most recent data with gel-like Cystadrops® from Dr Hong Liang.

The key themes from the morning sessions were:

With the development of specific treatment for cystinosis, the disease paradigm has shifted from a paediatric illness where patients suffer end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by 10 years of age to a longerterm multisystemic illness with extra-renal complications
Earlier treatment of NC with cysteamine can delay both the renal and extra-renal manifestations of the disease
There are difficulties in transitioning from paediatric to adult care and this can lead to reduced treatment adherence; a multidisciplinary team may help to smooth the transition
The Autonomic Nervous System: Delineating Historical Landmarks and Their Translation to Target Autonomic Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ernsberger Uwe
Published: December 2022

The integrative action of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its cellular constituents promotes the harmonic cooperation between different organs and functional units of the body. Research into its structure and physiology has promoted key advances in system, cellular, developmental, and clinical neurosciences and brought forward a range of milestone concepts central to neuroscience.

ANS dysfunction in multiple sclerosis entails a range of prominent challenges concerning cardiovascular control, thermoregulation, and pelvic organ function. They not only derail the smooth interaction of bodily functions but also negatively impact the course of the disease. With the resolution of central questions on ANS function, different strategies and pharmaceutical approaches emerged to handle these autonomic dysfunctions.
A Possible Explanation For Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Armstrong Richard A.
Published: December 2022

This review proposes an explanation for the pathogenesis of those neurodegenerative diseases which result in dementia and the resulting diversity of their disease phenotypes. The explanation is based on five principal observations, specifically: 1) neurodegenerative disease may be the direct consequence of neural ageing; 2) ageing may cause differential degeneration of neuroanatomical pathways; 3) breakdown of anatomical pathways may result in the formation of ‘reactive’ proteins; 4) these proteins may exhibit ‘prion-like’ behaviour and spread along anatomical pathways; and 5) neurodegenerative disease may be characterised by heterogeneity, overlapping phenotypes, and multiple pathology. The explanation proposes that genetic and environmental risk factors act cumulatively over a lifetime to increase an individual’s ‘allostatic load’, which determines the overall rate of neural ageing. This process results in the differential breakdown of neuro-anatomical pathways, influenced by their relative use or disuse during life, the consequence being the formation of one or more reactive proteins. Many of these proteins may spread through the brain from initial sites of ageing along neuro-anatomical pathways to affect specific neural networks. Variation in the proteins formed and in pathways of their spread result in the observed clinical and pathological diversity of disease phenotypes. Hence, minimising the factors that contribute to the allostatic load, together with cognitive and physical exercise to counter disuse of specific anatomical pathways over a lifetime, may be necessary to reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative disease.
Plato on Legal Normativity
Authors: Bobonich Chris
Published: December 2022

This paper attempts to determine what laws’ most fundamental normative property is for Plato. After examining the Hippias Major and the pseudo-Platonic Minos, I argue that in the Laws this property is correctness ( orthotês) which is understood as maximizing the citizens’ happiness. I argue that laws failing to do so are defective as laws because they’re not partially grounded in the relevant ethical facts and that Plato is thus a natural law theorist. The last section provides further justification for the claim that laws failing the correctness criterion are defective as laws by appealing to Plato’s understanding of practical rationality.
Dış ortam şartlarına maruz kalmış kızılçam odununda meydana gelen bazı yüzey özelliklerinin araştırılması
Authors: AYATA Ümit
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde ahşap malzemeler üzerinde doğal ve yapay yaşlandırma uygulamalarına ait çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Aynı ağaç türü bile farklı dış ortamlara bırakıldığında farklı sonuçlar göstermektedir. Dış ve iç ortam testleri sonrasında ahşap malzeme yüzeylerinde değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışma, Bayburt ili 3 ay süre ile dış ortam çevre şartlarına maruz kalmış kızılçam (Pinus brutia) odununda meydana gelen bazı yüzey değişiklerinin araştırılması üzerine yapılmıştır. Yaşlandırma işlemi sonralarında ve öncesinde ahşap malzemelerde renk (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔH*, ΔC*, ΔE*, L*, a*, b*, C* ve ho), parlaklık (20o, 60o ve 85o’de liflere dik ve paralel) ve beyazlık indeksi (liflere dik ve paralel) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Bütün testler için hesaplanmış olan varyans analizi sonuçlarının anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Kontrol ölçümlerine kıyasla yaşlandırma sürelerinin artması sonrasında, liflere dik ve paralel beyazlık indeksi değerleri, L* ve a* değerleri azalırken, C*, ho ve b* değerlerinin arttığı görülmektedir. Buna ek olarak, 1. ay, 2. ay ve 3. ay sonunda ΔE* değerleri sırasıyla 10.60, 10.58 ve 11.65 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak renk, parlaklık ve beyazlık indeksi değerleri yaşlandırma uygulamaları ile değişmiştir.
EFFECT OF HYGIENE SANITATION AND PROMOTION ON PURCHASE DECISIONS AT FAVELA SUNSET CAFE BOGOR
Authors: Ishak Riani P. , Rabbania Faisal
Published: December 2022

Cleanliness and sanitation are the most important things that must be considered to ensure that the products served to customers are safe and free from various viruses and bacteria. These issues, Hygiene Sanitation, and promotion must be considered by food and beverage entrepreneurs to increase the interest of buyers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not Hygiene Sanitation and Promotion influenced the purchase decisions at Favela Sunset Cafe Paledang, Bogor.  The research method used is quantitative research. The data analysis used in this study consisted of multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS V 20.0. The result of the study concluded that the Effect of Hygiene Sanitation and Promotion on Purchase Decisions at Favela Sunset Cafe Paledang Bogor had a positive and significant influence.
Recent advancements in wound management: Tailoring superwettable bio-interfaces
Authors: Zhong Dongsheng , Zhang Hongbo , Ma Zhengxin , Xin Qiangwei , Lu Yongping , Shi Ping , Qin Meng , Li Jianshu , Ding Chunmei
Published: December 2022

Skin tissue suffering from severe damages fail in self-regeneration. Proper wound dressings are highly demanded to protect the wound region and accelerate the healing process. Although large efforts have been devoted, there still exist disturbing dilemmas for traditional dressings. The exquisite design of bio-interface upon superwettable materials opens new avenues and addresses the problems perfectly. However, the advancements in this area have rarely been combed. In light of this, this minireview attempts to summarize recent strategies of superwettable bio-interfaces for wound care. Concentrating on the management of biofluids (blood and exudate), we described superwettable hemostatic bio-interfaces first, and then introduced the management of exudates. Finally, the perspective of this area was given. This minireview gives a comprehensive outline for readers and is believed to provide references for the design of superwettable materials in biomedical area.
Effect of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction on the abundance of biliary microbiota (biliary microecology) in patients with common bile duct stones
Authors: Liu Linxun , Zhao Zhanxue , Hou Xiaofan , Wu Jindu
Published: December 2022

Objective

Biliary calculi, a common benign disease of the gastrointestinal tract, are affected by multiple factors, including diet, lifestyle, living environment, and personal and genetic background. Its occurrence is believed to be related to a change in biliary microbiota. Approximately 10%–20% of symptomatic patients with cholecystolithiasis have choledocholithiasis, resulting in infection, abdominal pain, jaundice, and biliary pancreatitis. This study aimed to determine whether a dysfunction in the sphincter of Oddi, which controls the outflow of bile and separates the bile duct from the intestine, leads to a change in biliary microbiota and the occurrence of biliary calculi.

Methods

Forty patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis were prospectively recruited. Bile specimens were obtained, and biliary pressure was measured during and after surgery. The collected specimens were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene to characterize the biliary microbiota. The risk factors of common bile duct calculi were analyzed numerically combined with the pressure in the sphincter of Oddi.

Results

Different biliary microbiota were found in all cases. Patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction had significantly increased biliary microbiota as well as significantly higher level of systemic inflammation than patients with normal sphincter of Oddi.

Conclusions

The systemic inflammatory response of patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is more severe, and their microbial community significantly differs from that of patients with normal sphincter of Oddi, which makes biliary tract infection more likely; furthermore, the biliary tract of patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction has more gallstone-related bacterial communities.
Circulating fibroblast activation protein α is reduced in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Sieweke Jan-Thorben , Grosse Gerrit M. , Weissenborn Karin , Derda Anselm A. , Biber Saskia , Bauersachs Johann , Bavendiek Udo , Tillmanns Jochen
Published: December 2022

Background

Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), a membrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl-peptidase and collagenase properties, is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and remodeling of the extracellular matrix based on fibrosis. Fibrosis is a main contributor of atrial cardiomyopathies. In acute MI, circulating FAP is associated with outcome. Here, we investigated the correlation of circulating FAP to echocardiographic parameters of atrial remodeling and neurological impairment in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

Circulating FAP plasma concentrations were determined by ELISA in 47 patients with acute stroke and 22 control patients without stroke. Echocardiography was performed in all participants. Laboratory analysis, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scoring and prolonged Holter-ECG-monitoring were performed in all stroke patients.

Results

Patients with acute stroke had lower circulating FAP concentrations than the control cohort (92 ± 24 vs. 106 ± 22 ng/mL, P < 0.001). There was no difference between the circulating FAP concentration comparing stroke due to atrial fibrillation, embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) or atherosclerotic origin. Septal atrial conduction time (sPA-TDI) and left atrial (LA) volume index to tissue Doppler velocity (LAVI/a‘) representing echocardiographic parameters of LA remodeling did not correlate with FAP concentrations (sPA-TDI: r = 0.123, p = 0.31; LAVI/a‘: r = 0.183, p = 0.132). Stroke severity as assessed by NIHSS inversely correlated with circulating FAP (r = −0.318, p = 0.04). FAP concentration had a fair accuracy for identifying stroke in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (AUC = 0.710, 95% CI: 0.577–0.843). A FAP concentration of 101 ng/mL discriminated between presence and absence of stroke with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 77%. Lower circulating FAP concentration was associated with cardio-cerebro-vascular events within 12 months after admission.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to associate FAP with echocardiographic parameters of LA-remodeling and function. FAP did not correlate with sPA-TDI and LAVI/a‘. However, FAP was associated with stroke, neurological impairment, and cardio-cerebral events within 12 months. Therefore, FAP might enable individualized risk stratification in ischemic stroke.
CVD risk in non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease in hypertensive, non-diabetic subjects: A post-hoc analysis from SPRINT
Authors: Sheng Chang-Sheng , Wang Dan , Yuan Jiangzi , Cheng Yi , Sun Siming , Yang Yulin , Miao Ya , Wang Weiming , Tian Jingyan , Bloomgarden Zachary T.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The risks associated with non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been investigated in diabetes mellitus but not in hypertensive patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the risks associated with non-albuminuric CKD in treated hypertensive patients in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) population.

Methods

Based on baseline albuminuria status (urine albumin/creatinine ratio [UACR], ≥30 or <30 mg/g) and the levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate ([eGFR], ≥60, 45–59, or <45 mL/min/1.73 m2), participants were classified into six subgroups to assess the risks associated with the primary outcome and mortality. The primary composite outcome was myocardial infarction, other acute coronary syndromes, stroke, heart failure, or mortality from cardiovascular causes.

Results

During a median follow-up of 3.26 years in 8,866 hypertensive patients, there were 352 deaths and 547 participants with the primary outcome. In adjusted Cox regression analysis using non-CKD and non-albuminuria (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 combined with UACR <30 mg/g) as reference, albuminuria whether combined with CKD or not, showed significantly higher risk of both primary outcome and all-cause mortality in the total population. Whereas, non-albuminuria only combined with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 showed significantly higher risk of both primary outcome and all-cause mortality in the intensive-therapy group.

Discussion

Non-albuminuric CKD did have higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality only if the eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Increased albuminuria conferred higher risk of primary outcome and all-cause mortality irrespective the levels of eGFR.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, number: NCT01206062.
I do the best i can: The role of immigrant parents in their children’s educational inclusion
Authors: González-Falcón Inmaculada , Arroyo-González María José , Berzosa-Ramos Ignacio , Dusi Paola
Published: December 2022

The research highlights the importance of immigrant parents assuming a leading and mediating role in the processes of school adjustment and their children’s educational inclusion. However, the difficulties that parents have to face as a consequence of the migration process are not always taken into account. These families have to face their own acculturation processes and reorganize their roles in the host society. This study analyses the functions that immigrant parents carry out in the new school context in order to favor the educational inclusion of their children. The analysis is approached from the parents’ perspective, in order to understand the way in which families live and try to favor their children’s access, participation and success at school. Ethnographic research and the use of qualitative techniques such as in-depth interviews are used. The perceptions of three immigrant fathers and seven immigrant mothers with different backgrounds and nationalities in a public school in Huelva (Andalusia, Spain) are analyzed. The results point to the great fragility and difficulty experienced by these parents in exercising their parental functions in the new context. Women, especially those from Poland, Lithuania, and Romania, compared to their husbands or partners, seem to suffer greater stress due to their dual role as guarantors of the culture of origin and facilitators of the host culture. In order to favor the educational inclusion of their children, parents prioritize – primarily – access to resources, but also the monitoring of their children’s homework and emotional support. However, a relationship model based on cultural assimilation prevails. Among the factors that condition the behavior of parents are their economic vulnerability, lack of knowledge of the language, limited social support, cultural differences and prejudices. The importance of the school supporting parents, and especially mothers, in their acculturation processes and their relationship with the school is underlined. In this endeavor, it is essential to count on the collaboration of different agents, such as intercultural counselors or other parents in the school.
Niacin exacerbates β cell lipotoxicity in diet-induced obesity mice through upregulation of GPR109A and PPARγ2: Inhibition by incretin drugs
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Zhu Baoyi , Lin Peibin , Liu Xiaoping , Gao Jun , Yin Dazhong , Zeng Jianwen , Liao Baojian , Kang Zhanfang
Published: December 2022

The widely used lipid-lowering drug niacin was reported to increase blood glucose in diabetes. How does niacin regulate β Cell function in diabetic patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of niacin on β cell lipotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Niacin treatment sensitized the palmitate-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. In addition, palmitate significantly increased the niacin receptor GPR109A and PPARγ2 levels, which could be further boosted by niacin co-treatment, creating a vicious cycle. In contrast, knocking down of GPR109A could reverse both PPARγ2 expression and niacin toxicity in the INS-1 cells. Interestingly, we found that GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 showed similar inhibitive effects on the GPR109A/PPARγ2 axis and was able to reverse niacin induced lipotoxicity in INS-1 cells. In diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, niacin treatment resulted in elevated blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, accompanied by the change of islets morphology and the decrease of β cell mass. The combination of niacin and DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin can improve glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and islet morphology and β cell mass, even better than sitagliptin alone. Our results show that niacin increased β cell lipotoxicity partially through upregulation of GPR109A and PPARγ2, which can be alleviated by incretin drugs. We provide a new mechanism of niacin toxicity, and suggest that the combination of niacin and incretin may have better blood glucose and lipid control effect in clinical practice.
What is conservation paleobiology? Tracking 20 years of research and development
Authors: Dillon Erin M. , Pier Jaleigh Q. , Smith Jansen A. , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Dimitrijević Danijela , Austin Elizabeth L. , Cybulski Jonathan D. , De Entrambasaguas Julia , Durham Stephen R. , Grether Carolin M. , Haldar Himadri Sekhar , Kocáková Kristína , Lin Chien-Hsiang , Mazzini Ilaria , Mychajliw Alexis M. , Ollendorf Amy L. , Pimiento Catalina , Regalado Fernández Omar R. , Smith Isaiah E. , Dietl Gregory P.
Published: December 2022

Conservation paleobiology has coalesced over the last two decades since its formal coining, united by the goal of applying geohistorical records to inform the conservation, management, and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, the field is still attempting to form an identity distinct from its academic roots. Here, we ask a deceptively simple question: What is conservation paleobiology? To track its development as a field, we synthesize complementary perspectives from a survey of the scientific community that is familiar with conservation paleobiology and a systematic literature review of publications that use the term. We present an overview of conservation paleobiology’s research scope and compare survey participants’ perceptions of what it is and what it should be as a field. We find that conservation paleobiologists use a variety of geohistorical data in their work, although research is typified by near-time records of marine molluscs and terrestrial mammals collected over local to regional spatial scales. Our results also confirm the field’s broad disciplinary basis: survey participants indicated that conservation paleobiology can incorporate information from a wide range of disciplines spanning conservation biology, ecology, historical ecology, paleontology, and archaeology. Finally, we show that conservation paleobiologists have yet to reach a consensus on how applied the field should be in practice. The survey revealed that many participants thought the field should be more applied but that most do not currently engage with conservation practice. Reflecting on how conservation paleobiology has developed over the last two decades, we discuss opportunities to promote community cohesion, strengthen collaborations within conservation science, and align training priorities with the field’s identity as it continues to crystallize.
Drivers of deadwood decay of 13 temperate tree species are similar between forest and grassland habitats
Authors: Kipping Lydia , Maurer Florian , Gossner Martin M. , Muszynski Sarah , Kahl Tiemo , Kellner Harald , Weiser Wolfgang W. , Jehmlich Nico , Noll Matthias
Published: December 2022

Deadwood provides an important carbon source in forests and wooded ecosystems and, accordingly, forest management strategies discuss the enrichment of deadwood amount and diversity by different tree species. To investigate the decomposition processes of enriched deadwood, we simultaneously placed 3,669 size-standardized and gamma sterilized wood specimens of 13 tree species (Populus tremula, Tilia cordata, Prunus avium, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica, Acer platanoides, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, and Pseudotsuga menziesii) at a total of 300 forest and grassland plots in three regions in Germany covering large gradients of management intensity and environmental conditions. After 1 year, mass loss was calculated and its relationship with wood traits and environmental conditions was assessed to determine the most important factors. Mass loss was overall higher in forest compared to grassland habitats, with wood traits as the most important driver, followed by region and environmental factors related to microclimate. However, management intensity was less relevant to explain the mass loss in both habitats. Our results suggest that decomposition of enriched deadwood, even after removal of endophytes, is influenced by the same drivers (positively by moisture and abundance of macronutrients, negatively by lignin and phenol concentration) as naturally occurring wood. Furthermore, due to the immense and standardized experimental setting, our study contributes to a better understanding of the important drivers of mass loss in different tree species and thus provides the basis for predictions of the carbon cycle in a changing world.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Grx4, Fep1, and Php4: In silico analysis and expression response to different iron concentrations
Authors: Ebrahim Alia , Alfwuaires Manal A. , Abukhalil Mohammad H. , Alasmari Fawaz , Ahmad Fawad , Yao Rui , Luo Ying , Huang Ying
Published: December 2022

Due to iron’s essential role in cellular metabolism, most organisms must maintain their homeostasis. In this regard, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (sp) uses two transcription factors to regulate intracellular iron levels: spFep1 under iron-rich conditions and spPhp4 under iron-deficient conditions, which are controlled by spGrx4. However, bioinformatics analysis to understand the role of the spGrx4/spFep1/spPhp4 axis in maintaining iron homeostasis in S. pombe is still lacking. Our study aimed to perform bioinformatics analysis on S. pombe proteins and their sequence homologs in Aspergillus flavus (af), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc), and Homo sapiens (hs) to understand the role of spGrx4, spFep1, and spPhp4 in maintaining iron homeostasis. The three genes’ expression patterns were also examined at various iron concentrations. A multiple sequence alignment analysis of spGrx4 and its sequence homologs revealed a conserved cysteine residue in each PF00085 domain. Blast results showed that hsGLRX3 is most similar to spGrx4. In addition, spFep1 is most closely related in sequence to scDal80, whereas scHap4 is most similar to spFep1. We also found two highly conserved motifs in spFep1 and its sequence homologs that are significant for iron transport systems because they contain residues involved in iron homeostasis. The scHap4 is most similar to spPhp4. Using STRING to analyze protein-protein interactions, we found that spGrx4 interacts strongly with spPhp4 and spFep1. Furthermore, spGrx4, spPhp4, and spFep1 interact with spPhp2, spPhp3, and spPhp5, indicating that the three proteins play cooperative roles in iron homeostasis. At the highest level of Fe, spgrx4 had the highest expression, followed by spfep1, while spphp4 had the lowest expression; a contrast occurred at the lowest level of Fe, where spgrx4 expression remained constant. Our findings support the notion that organisms develop diverse strategies to maintain iron homeostasis.
Progress of cGAS-STING signaling in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wu Yaru , Zhang Min , Yuan Cui , Ma Zhenling , Li Wenqing , Zhang Yanyan , Su Lijuan , Xu Jun , Liu Wei
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can cause infections in millions of individuals, who can develop lung injury, organ failure, and subsequent death. As the first line of host defense, the innate immune system is involved in initiating the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the hyperinflammatory phenotype of COVID-19. However, the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunity is not yet well understood. It had become known that the cGAS-STING pathway is involved in the detection of cytosolic DNA, which elicits an innate immune response involving a robust type I interferon response against viral and bacterial infections. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence indicate that SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, triggered the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular details of cGAS-STING signaling upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is of considerable biomedical importance. In this review, we discuss the role of cGAS-STING signaling in SARS-CoV-2 infection and summarize the potential therapeutics of STING agonists as virus vaccine adjuvants.
Identification of B cell marker genes based on single-cell sequencing to establish a prognostic model and identify immune infiltration in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Zhongmin , Zhang Jin , Duan Yuansheng , Li Xuesong , Pan Jie , Wang Guowen , Shen Bin
Published: December 2022

Background

Tumor-infiltrating B cells play a crucial role in the promotion or inhibition of tumor development. However, the role of B cells in osteosarcoma remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of B cells on the prognosis and immunity infiltration of osteosarcoma.

Methods

Marker genes of B cells were identified based on the single-cell sequencing results of osteosarcoma in the GEO database. The prognostic model was established by the TCGA database and verified by the GEO data. The divergence in immune infiltration between the low-risk and high-risk groups was then compared according to the established prognostic model. Finally, the differential genes in the low-risk and high-risk groups were enriched and analyzed.

Results

A total of 261 B cell marker genes was obtained by single-cell sequencing and a prognostic model of 4 B cell marker genes was established based on TCGA data. The model was found to have a good prediction performance in the TCGA and GEO data. A remarkable difference in immune infiltration between the low-risk and high-risk groups was also observed. The obtained results were verified by enrichment analysis.

Conclusion

In summary, a prognostic model with good predictive performance was established that revealed the indispensable role of B cells in the development of osteosarcoma. This model also provides a predictive index and a novel therapeutic target for immunotherapy for clinical patients.
Mutation of the glycine residue preceding the sixth tyrosine of the LAT adaptor severely alters T cell development and activation
Authors: Arbulo-Echevarria Mikel M. , Vico-Barranco Inmaculada , Zhang Fanghui , Fernandez-Aguilar Luis M. , Chotomska Martyna , Narbona-Sánchez Isaac , Zhang Lichen , Malissen Bernard , Liang Yinming , Aguado Enrique
Published: December 2022

The LAT transmembrane adaptor is essential to transduce intracellular signals triggered by the TCR. Phosphorylation of its four C-terminal tyrosine residues (136, 175, 195, and 235 in mouse LAT) recruits several proteins resulting in the assembly of the LAT signalosome. Among those tyrosine residues, the one found at position 136 of mouse LAT plays a critical role for T cell development and activation. The kinetics of phosphorylation of this residue is delayed as compared to the three other C-terminal tyrosines due to a conserved glycine residue found at position 135. Mutation of this glycine into an aspartate residue (denoted LATG135D) increased TCR signaling and altered antigen recognition in human Jurkat T cells and ex vivo mouse T cells. Here, using a strain of LATG135D knockin mice, we showed that the LATG135D mutation modifies thymic development, causing an increase in the percentage of CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells, and a reduction in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive cells. Interestingly, the LATG135D mutation alters thymic development even in a heterozygous state. In the periphery, the LATG135D mutation reduces the percentage of CD8+ T cells and results in a small increment of γδ T cells. Remarkably, the LATG135D mutation dramatically increases the percentage of central memory CD8+ T cells. Finally, analysis of the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes shows increased responses of T cells from mutant mice. Altogether, our results reinforce the view that the residue preceding Tyr136 of LAT constitutes a crucial checkpoint in T cell development and activation.
Research progress on the role of hormones in ischemic stroke
Authors: Huang Shuyuan , Liu Lu , Tang Xiaodong , Xie Shulan , Li Xinrui , Kang Xianhui , Zhu Shengmei
Published: December 2022

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the world. However, ischemic stroke treatment is currently limited, with a narrow therapeutic window and unsatisfactory post-treatment outcomes. Therefore, it is critical to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms following ischemic stroke brain injury. Changes in the immunometabolism and endocrine system after ischemic stroke are important in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemic injury. Hormones are biologically active substances produced by endocrine glands or endocrine cells that play an important role in the organism’s growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and aging. Hormone research in ischemic stroke has made very promising progress. Hormone levels fluctuate during an ischemic stroke. Hormones regulate neuronal plasticity, promote neurotrophic factor formation, reduce cell death, apoptosis, inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrative stress, and brain edema in ischemic stroke. In recent years, many studies have been done on the role of thyroid hormone, growth hormone, testosterone, prolactin, oxytocin, glucocorticoid, parathyroid hormone, and dopamine in ischemic stroke, but comprehensive reviews are scarce. This review focuses on the role of hormones in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and discusses the mechanisms involved, intending to provide a reference value for ischemic stroke treatment and prevention.
Lymphoid tissue residency: A key to understand Tcf-1+PD-1+ T cells
Authors: Ma Chaoyu , Zhang Nu
Published: December 2022

During chronic antigen exposure, a subset of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentiate into stem cell-like or progenitor-like T cells expressing both transcription factor Tcf-1 (T cell factor-1) and co-inhibitory receptor PD-1. These Tcf-1+ stem-like or progenitor exhausted T cells represent the key target for immunotherapies. Deeper understanding of the biology of Tcf-1+PD-1+ CD8+ T cells will lead to rational design of future immunotherapies. Here, we summarize recent findings about the migratory and resident behavior of Tcf-1+ T cells. Specifically, we will focus on TGF-β-dependent lymphoid tissue residency program of Tcf-1+ T cells, which may represent a key to understanding the differentiation and maintenance of Tcf-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells during persistent antigen stimulation.
Integrating information from semi-structured interviews into management strategy evaluation: A case study for Southeast United States marine fisheries
Authors: Damiano Matthew , Wager Bethany , Rocco Alex , Shertzer Kyle W. , Murray Grant D. , Cao Jie
Published: December 2022

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) has become a more common tool for engaging stakeholders in fisheries management, and stakeholder participation in MSE is increasingly recognized as a vital component of the process. The participation of stakeholders, specifically fishers, in MSE is of particular importance because they often possess intimate knowledge of the socio-ecological management system that MSE seeks to model. When the resources to conduct a “full” MSE with direct fisher involvement are unavailable, MSEs are sometimes conducted by desk-based analysts with no fisher engagement. We propose an intermediate framework in which information collected from semi-structured interviews is used to inform a “desk-based” MSE. We demonstrate that semi-structured interviews with commercial and recreational fishers can elicit some of the same kinds of information that fishers provide during direct participation in MSE. We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with commercial and recreational fishers from the Southeast United States participating in either Atlantic cobia (Rachycentron canadum) or black sea bass (Centropristis striata) fisheries. We collected primarily qualitative and some quantitative information about preferred conceptual objectives and management measures, and how their fishing behavior has changed in response to past management action. Commercial fishers generally preferred conceptual objectives and management measures that align with traditional MSY-based fisheries management, while recreational fishers’ responses were substantially more heterogeneous, indicating a more diverse range of desired objectives and preferred management measures. We synthesized this information to develop a suite of management procedures that employ a range of fishing mortality-based constant-catch harvest control rules and size-based management measures for simulation testing against preferred objectives by sector. We demonstrate that integrating information from semi-structured interviews with MSE in this way offers a cost-effective alternative intermediate approach to fisher participation in MSE when direct participation is not possible.
Experimental study on physical properties of superfine cement grouting material
Authors: Yu Weijian , Zhou Mingjuan , Wan Xing , Guan Qingjun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the properties of superfine cement with different mesh sizes are observed from both macro and micro perspectives through laboratory tests, and the fluidity, stability, and mechanical properties of superfine cement are studied in depth. The results show that increasing the mesh size of superfine cement can reduce the influence of the water-cement ratio on slurry, reduce the fluidity of superfine cement, and enhance its stability. The strength of the superfine cement stone specimen will increase with the increase in cement mesh number, and the higher the mesh number, the shorter the time required for the superfine cement stone specimen to reach its maximum strength. Considering the performance, cost, and storage difficulty, the superfine cement with the mesh size of K700 is more cost-effective. Using K700 superfine cement grout can effectively reduce the impact of geostress on the surrounding rock of the roadway and inhibit the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock.
Management of long-term cryptococcal meningitis neoformans in a surviving patient: A case report
Authors: Hu Shijun , Liu Tao , Huang Shixiong , Liang Hui
Published: December 2022

Cryptococcal meningitis is a common fungal infection of the central nervous system with high mortality and disability rates. A prominent clinical manifestation is persistent and severe cranial hypertension, which is one of the most critical outcome determinants in patients with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Herein, we report and discuss a case of cryptococcal meningitis treated by an inadequate course of medical therapy and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a patient who survived for more than 10 years.