bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new development for determining the ultraviolet protection factor
Authors: Campos Payá J , Díaz-García P , Montava I , Miró-Martínez P , Bonet M
Published: April 2015

Ultraviolet radiation has become an increasing problem in recent years. It causes many injuries in humans giving rise to the need for protection against ultraviolet radiation, which can be provided by textiles with a high ultraviolet protection factor. This factor can be determined by a variety of established methods. This work focuses on establishing a new methodology for determining the ultraviolet protection factor value using an ultraviolet lamp and a detector. The fabric is to be tested is placed between the ultraviolet lamp and the detector. The new method has the advantages of the existing systems but also minimizes the disadvantages. This will involve a major statistical study using linear regression. The statistical study will be completed with the analysis of residuals using the Shapiro–Wilks test, Gauss–Markov theorem, simple Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures, and autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation plots. The measurement error and the deviation of the samples is less than the measurement error committed by the spectrophotometric technique.
Development of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics for the protective garments
Authors: Ogunleye Christopher , Anandjiwala Rajesh
Published: April 2015

The aim of this research was to establish the optimum processing conditions for producing hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics best suited for application in disposable and protective wear, such as surgical gowns, drapes and laboratory coats. Carded and cross-lapped webs, from greige cotton, viscose and polyester fibres of three basic weights, were hydroentangled, at three different waterjet pressures on a Fleissner’s Aquajet hydroentanglement machine. An antibacterial agent and a fluorochemical water repellent finish were applied in one bath using the pad-dry-cure technique to impart both antibacterial and water repellent properties to the fabrics. The standard spray ratings, tensile strength and extension at break for three treated and untreated fabrics were evaluated. The spray ratings for the treated fabrics ranged from 80% to 90% against zero for the untreated fabrics while the tensile strengths in both the machine and cross-machine directions of treated fabrics were greater than that for the untreated fabrics, the reverse being true for the extension at break. Contact angles for all treated fabrics exceeded 90° which indicate good resistance to wetting. The finishing treatment decreased the mean pore size of all fabrics and increase in waterjet pressure and fabric weight decreased the air and water permeability. In this study, it was observed that low weight fabrics of 80 g/m2 hydroentangled at low waterjet pressure of 60 bars were suitable for use due to their higher air and water vapour permeability as well as higher pore size distribution. These fabrics meet the requirements for surgical gowns, drapes, nurses’ uniforms and laboratory coats.
Differences in Obesity Among Men of Diverse Racial and Ethnic Background
Authors: Hill Sarah E. , Bell Caryn , Bowie Janice V. , Kelley Elizabeth , Furr-Holden Debra , LaVeist Thomas A. , Thorpe Roland J.
Published: April 2015

Racial/ethnic disparities exist in obesity prevalence among men, with Hispanic men exhibiting the highest prevalence compared with non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black men. Most studies do not parse out Hispanic groups; therefore, it is unclear whether the increases in obesity rates among Hispanic men applies to all groups or if there are particular groups of Hispanic men that are driving the increase. The goal of this study is to examine the variations in obesity among men of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and determine if obesity is affected by nativity. The data used in this study were from 11 years (2002-2012) of the National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between race/ethnicity, obesity, and nativity. After adjusting for covariates, there are differences in obesity prevalence, with the largest prevalence among Puerto Rican men and Mexican American men. Consistent with previous literature, it has been suggested that men born in the United States are more likely to be obese than men born outside the United States. This study underscores the importance of distinguishing Hispanic groups when examining obesity, and provides information for future, targeted intervention strategies related to obesity among high-risk groups.
Nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mazzei Mariano E. , Richeldi Luca , Collard Harold R.
Published: April 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal lung disease that occurs in older adults. The clinical course of IPF is variable and hard to predict in an individual patient. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has recently been approved in the US and European Union for the treatment of IPF. Preclinical studies have shown that nintedanib interferes with processes active in fibrosis such as fibroblast proliferation, migration and differentiation and the secretion of extracellular matrix. The safety and efficacy of nintedanib have been investigated in the phase II TOMORROW trial and in two replicate 52-week randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trials known as the INPULSIS trials. These trials demonstrated that nintedanib slowed disease progression by reducing the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity, with a manageable side-effect profile. In this review, we summarize key data supporting nintedanib as a treatment for patients with IPF and address key questions regarding the use of nintedanib in the clinical setting.
An Evolutionary Approach to Emotion in Mental Health With a Focus on Affiliative Emotions
Authors: Gilbert Paul
Published: April 2015

Emotions evolved to guide animals in pursuing specific motives and goals (e.g., to find food, avoid harm, seek out sexual partners, rear offspring). They function as short-term alertors and regulators of behaviour and can be grouped into their evolved functions (evolutionary function analysis). Emotions can coregulate/influence each other, where one emotion can activate or suppress another. Importantly, affiliative emotions, that arise from experiencing validation, care and support from others, have major impacts on how people process and respond to threats and emotions associated with threats. Hence, exploring how affiliative emotional experiences change and transform the capacity to cope with threat and pursue life goals, are salient research issues.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) and Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) to Norwegian
Authors: Vaksvik T
Published: April 2015

Introduction

The McCabe Cold Sensitivity Severity scale (CSS) is one of the most used questionnaires for measuring cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. The Potential Work Exposure scale (PWES) measures cold exposure at work. Good reliability and validity have been reported for the Swedish translations. No version in the Norwegian language has been available.

Methods

The CSS and PWES were translated forward and backward, and then tested for content validity in patients with hand injuries ( n = 23 and 12, respectively). We categorised the CSS scores (0–400) into five severity levels, from none to extreme cold hypersensitivity, and asked each patient how the categories matched their perceived cold hypersensitivity levels.

Results

Good content validity was confirmed for the Norwegian version of the CSS to assess cold sensitivity in patients with hand injuries. Preliminary findings support the categorisation of scores into five severity levels.

Conclusions

The Norwegian CSS is an appropriate instrument to assess cold sensitivity after hand injury.
The Rewards of Caregiving for Communally Motivated Parents
Authors: Le Bonnie M. , Impett Emily A.
Published: April 2015

Research on the provision of need-based care in communal relationships has focused exclusively on adult close relationships. For the first time, we extend communal theory to the parent–child relationship to understand how communally motivated parents feel when giving care to their children. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 696), a 10-day experience sampling study ( N = 118), and an experimental study ( N = 367), we found that communally motivated parents felt more authentic than less communally motivated parents when providing care to their children; in turn, feeling more authentic was associated with greater emotional well-being, parent–child relationship quality, and responsiveness to a child’s needs. These effects could not be attributed to child-centrism, idealization of parenthood, care difficulty, children’s mood, or the specific caregiving behavior in which parents engaged. The findings of the current studies contribute to an emerging body of research on parenting and well-being by highlighting for whom parenting may be maximally rewarding and why.
Types of vicarious learning experienced by pre-dialysis patients
Authors: McCarthy Kate , Sturt Jackie , Adams Ann
Published: April 2015

Objective:

Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis renal replacement treatment options are in clinical equipoise, although the cost of haemodialysis to the National Health Service is £16,411/patient/year greater than peritoneal dialysis. Treatment decision-making takes place during the pre-dialysis year when estimated glomerular filtration rate drops to between 15 and 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Renal disease can be familial, and the majority of patients have considerable health service experience when they approach these treatment decisions. Factors affecting patient treatment decisions are currently unknown. The objective of this article is to explore data from a wider study in specific relation to the types of vicarious learning experiences reported by pre-dialysis patients.

Methods:

A qualitative study utilised unstructured interviews and grounded theory analysis during the participant’s pre-dialysis year. The interview cohort comprised 20 pre-dialysis participants between 24 and 80 years of age. Grounded theory design entailed thematic sampling and analysis, scrutinised by secondary coding and checked with participants. Participants were recruited from routine renal clinics at two local hospitals when their estimated glomerular filtration rate was between 15 and 30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results:

Vicarious learning that contributed to treatment decision-making fell into three main categories: planned vicarious leaning, unplanned vicarious learning and historical vicarious experiences.

Conclusion:

Exploration and acknowledgement of service users’ prior vicarious learning, by healthcare professionals, is important in understanding its potential influences on individuals’ treatment decision-making. This will enable healthcare professionals to challenge heuristic decisions based on limited information and to encourage analytic thought processes.
The Body/Secret Dynamic
Authors: Danon Limor Meoded
Published: April 2015

Intersexed subjects experience their bodies through the repercussions of treatment policies implemented in their bodies at birth and throughout their lives. Secrets and secrecy comprise a major element of the treatment policy toward intersexed subjects in Israel and act as a disciplining and normalizing force in the life experience of intersexed subjects. This article presents case studies of intersexed adults, subjects through whom we can learn about both historical and contemporary treatment policy toward intersexed people as well as about the perpetual conflict between the particular corporeal existence of individuals and the experience of the secret and secrecy in their lives. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the dynamics that exist between the secret and intersexed bodies and the paradoxical consequences of body/secret relations.
A Review of Bring Your Own Device on Security Issues
Authors: Olalere Morufu , Abdullah Mohd Taufik , Mahmod Ramlan , Abdullah Azizol
Published: April 2015

Mobile computing has supplanted internet computing because of the proliferation of cloud-based applications and mobile devices (such as smartphones, palmtops, and tablets). As a result of this, workers bring their mobile devices to the workplace and use them for enterprise work. The policy of allowing the employees to work with their own personal mobile devices is called Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD). In this article, we discuss BYOD’s background, prevalence, benefits, challenges, and possible security attacks. We then review contributions of academic researchers on BYOD. The Universiti Putra Malaysia online databases (such as IEEE Xplore digital library, Elsevier, Springer, ACM digital library) were used to search for peer-reviewed academic publications and other relevant publications on BYOD. The Google Scholar search engine was also used. Our thorough review shows that security issues comprise the most significant challenge confronting BYOD policy and that very little has been done to tackle this security challenge. It is our hope that this review will provide a theoretical background for future research and enable researchers to identify researchable areas of BYOD.
Musculoskeletal Safety for Older Adults in the Workplace
Authors: Delloiacono Nancy
Published: April 2015

Age-associated physical musculoskeletal alterations increase elder adults’ (age 55 and older) risk for injury. Research has demonstrated that on-the-job injuries result in increased absenteeism, and fatalities are more common for the elder adult population. Older adults aged above 65 years comprise the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, growing from 40.2 million in 2010 to 88.5 million projected by 2050; this population shift will generate challenges for occupational health nurses providing care for older workers. A paucity of evidence-based “best practices” exists in which occupational health nurses can assess the physical status of older workers, evaluate their risk for age-related musculoskeletal injuries, and educate these workers on injury prevention. This article provides a critical synthesis of research on age-related physical and cognitive changes and their impact on safety, providing “best practice” evidence for occupational health nurses to examine and apply.
Polio
Authors: Phillips Jennan A.
Published: April 2015

Polio was declared an international public health emergency in May 2014. International travel and migration raises the threat for widespread outbreak. Promoting and protecting worker’s health requires increased vigilance over international public health concerns.
“At a Certain Age It’s Not Appropriate to Monitor One’s Child”
Authors: Vaterlaus J. Mitchell , Beckert Troy E. , Bird Clare V.
Published: April 2015

Little is known about the role parental mediation plays in emerging adult technology use. As such, the current exploratory study was designed to identify the prevalence of parental mediation during this developmental period, ascertain how parents mediate, and understand the reasons parents elect not to mediate. Eighty-two unmarried college participants and 76 of their parents participated in this descriptive qualitative study. A majority of emerging adults and parents reported that parents did not mediate their child’s interactive technology. Reasons for not monitoring revolved around parental trust, child maturity, and parental priorities. For those who reported parental mediation, monitoring content and usage was the mediation technique most frequently implemented.
What evidence exists for changes in the occurrence, frequency or severity of human health impacts resulting from exposure to alien invasive species in Europe? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Bayliss Helen R , Schindler Stefan , Essl Franz , Rabitsch Wolfgang , Pullin Andrew S
Published: April 2015

Background

Invasive alien species are of global concern due to their impacts on biodiversity, related ecosystem services and on economy. A number of invasive alien species are also responsible for human health impacts, either as carriers (vectors) of pathogens, as causal agents of toxic or allergic reactions (e.g. to pollen or insect stings) or injuries. However, there has been relatively little attention given to these human health effects in invasion ecology literature, with no attempts to systematically identify and quantify evidence of impacts. It is likely that further invasive alien species will benefit from global change as some invasive traits provide high plasticity and therefore support adaptation capacities to cope with changing conditions. Thus, global change may lead to new public health concerns as invasive alien species expand their range or enter new areas, or may alter the severity of health impacts by changing the physiology or quantity of potential allergens or irritants produced. This mapping review aims at identifying any evidence for changes in the occurrence, frequency or severity of human health impacts resulting from exposure to invasive alien species in Europe over the last 25 years.

Methods/Design

A systematic search of both ecological and medical literature will be used to identify potentially relevant studies using three a priori inclusion criteria, i.e. (i) affected human population in Europe, (ii) exposure to alien species, (iii) change in health impact. Studies will be assessed against inclusion criteria at title, abstract and full text to determine relevance to the mapping review. Studies deemed relevant will be coded using predetermined categories relating to the review inclusion criteria and study design, and recorded in a searchable database. Depending on the information available, studies may also be geo-referenced to create a geographic map of the evidence. Descriptive statistics will be used to explore key trends in the evidence base. The searchable database of studies and their main characteristics will be made available with the final report. It is intended that this systematic map will be useful in informing decision making related to the future human health impacts of invasive alien species in Europe.
The Src kinase Fyn is protective in acute chemical-induced colitis and promotes recovery from disease
Authors: Lopes Fernando , Wang Arthur , Smyth David , Reyes Jose-Luis , Doering Axinia , Schenck L Patrick , Beck Paul , Waterhouse Christopher , McKay Derek M
Published: April 2015

Despite progress in understanding enteric inflammation, current therapies, although effective in many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), have significant side-effects, and, in many patients, it is refractory to treatment. The Src kinase Fyn mediated IFN-γ-induced increased permeability in model epithelia, and so we hypothesized that inhibition of Fyn kinase would be anti-colitic. Mice [B6.129SF2/J wild-type (WT), Fyn KO, or chimeras] received 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or normal water for 10 d and were necropsied immediately or 3 d later. Gut permeability was assessed by FITC-dextran flux, colitis by macroscopic and histologic parameters, and immune cell status by cytokine production and CD4+ T cell Foxp3 expression. Fyn KO mice consistently displayed significantly worse DSS-induced disease than WT, correlating with decreased IL-10 and increased IL-17 in splenocytes and the gut; Fyn KO mice failed to thrive after removal of the DSS water. Analysis of chimeric mice indicated that the increased sensitivity to DSS was due to the lack of Fyn kinase in hematopoietic, but not stromal, cells, in accordance with Fyn+ T cell increases in WT mice exposed to DSS and Fyn KO mice having a reduced number of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in baseline or colitic conditions and a reduced capacity to induce Foxp3 expression in vitro. Other experiments suggest that the colonic microbiota in Fyn KO mice is not preferentially colitogenic. Contrary to our expectation, the absence of Fyn kinase resulted in greater DSS-induced disease, and analysis of chimeric mice indicated that leukocyte Fyn kinase is beneficial in limiting colitis.
Regulation of inflammation by cannabinoids, the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, and their metabolites
Authors: Turcotte Caroline , Chouinard Francois , Lefebvre Julie S , Flamand Nicolas
Published: April 2015

2-Arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and arachidonyl-ethanolamide (AEA) are endocannabinoids that have been implicated in many physiologic disorders, including obesity, metabolic syndromes, hepatic diseases, pain, neurologic disorders, and inflammation. Their immunomodulatory effects are numerous and are not always mediated by cannabinoid receptors, reflecting the presence of an arachidonic acid (AA) molecule in their structure, the latter being the precursor of numerous bioactive lipids that are pro- or anti-inflammatory. 2-AG and AEA can thus serve as a source of AA but can also be metabolized by most eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes, yielding additional lipids. In this regard, enhancing endocannabinoid levels by using endocannabinoid hydrolysis inhibitors is likely to augment the levels of these lipids that could regulate inflammatory cell functions. This review summarizes the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, as well as the biologic effects of the 2-AG and AEA lipidomes in the regulation of inflammation.
Actin-dependent mitochondrial internalization in cardiomyocytes: evidence for rescue of mitochondrial function
Authors: Pacak Christina A. , Preble Janine M. , Kondo Hiroshi , Seibel Peter , Levitsky Sidney , del Nido Pedro J. , Cowan Douglas B. , McCully James D.
Published: April 2015

Previously, we have demonstrated that the transplantation of viable, structurally intact, respiration competent mitochondria into the ischemic myocardium during early reperfusion significantly enhanced cardioprotection by decreasing myocellular damage and enhancing functional recovery. Our in vitro and in vivo studies established that autologous mitochondria are internalized into cardiomyocytes following transplantation; however, the mechanism(s) modulating internalization of these organelles were unknown. Here, we show that internalization of mitochondria occurs through actin-dependent endocytosis and rescues cell function by increasing ATP content and oxygen consumption rates. We also show that internalized mitochondria replace depleted mitochondrial (mt)DNA. These results describe the mechanism for internalization of mitochondria within host cells and provide a basis for novel therapeutic interventions allowing for the rescue and replacement of damaged or impaired mitochondria.
Loss of a Clueless-dGRASP complex results in ER stress and blocks Integrin exit from the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum in Drosophila larval muscle
Authors: Wang Zong-Heng , Rabouille Catherine , Geisbrecht Erika R.
Published: April 2015

Drosophila Clueless (Clu) and its conserved orthologs are known for their role in the prevention of mitochondrial clustering. Here, we uncover a new role for Clu in the delivery of integrin subunits in muscle tissue. In clu mutants, αPS2 integrin, but not βPS integrin, abnormally accumulates in a perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, a site that mirrors the endogenous localization of Clu. Loss of components essential for mitochondrial distribution do not phenocopy the clu mutant αPS2 phenotype. Conversely, RNAi knockdown of the DrosophilaGolgi reassembly and stacking protein GRASP55/65 (dGRASP) recapitulates clu defects, including the abnormal accumulation of αPS2 and larval locomotor activity. Both Clu and dGRASP proteins physically interact and loss of Clu displaces dGRASP from ER exit sites, suggesting that Clu cooperates with dGRASP for the exit of αPS2 from a perinuclear subdomain in the ER. We also found that Clu and dGRASP loss of function leads to ER stress and that the stability of the ER exit site protein Sec16 is severely compromised in the clu mutants, thus explaining the ER accumulation of αPS2. Remarkably, exposure of clu RNAi larvae to chemical chaperones restores both αPS2 delivery and functional ER exit sites. We propose that Clu together with dGRASP prevents ER stress and therefore maintains Sec16 stability essential for the functional organization of perinuclear early secretory pathway. This, in turn, is essential for integrin subunit αPS2 ER exit in Drosophila larval myofibers.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Optically Active Poly(thiophenyleneethynylene-phenyleneethynylene)s
Authors: Otaki Yoshinori , Miyagi Yu , Sanda Fumio
Published: April 2015

The Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling polymerization of l-alanine-derived 2,5-dibromothiophene monomers 1a–1d with p- and m-diethynylbenzenes 2p and 2m gave novel optically active poly(thiophenyleneethynylene-phenyleneethynylene)s poly(1a-2p)–poly(1d-2m). p-Phenylene-linked poly(1b-2p)–poly(1d-2p) bearing amide-amide side chains exhibited CD signals based on chiral aggregates, while the m-phenylene-linked counterparts poly(1b-2m)–poly(1d-2m) exhibited no evidence of the formation of secondary structures. Poly(1a-2p) and poly(1a-2m) bearing amide-ester side chains exhibited no CD signal as well.
Kosmas Politis and the literature of exile
Authors: Mackridge Peter
Published: April 2015

Τό 1922 είναι τομή στήν ιστορία τής ελληνικής πεζογραφίας. Ή νέα
γενιά πού πρωτοεμφανίστηκε μετά τή Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή (ή λεγάμενη
Γενιά τοΰ Τριάντα) έβαλε ώς στόχο τήν άνανέωση τοΰ έλληνικοΰ μυθιστορήματος.
Πέρα άπό τήν άνανέωση τών εκφραστικών μέσων, ένα άπό τά
κυριότερα στοιχεία τής νέας θεματολογίας ήταν ή ίδια η Μικρασιατική
Καταστροφή καί οί επιπτώσεις της.
Ή παρούσα ανακοίνωση περιορίζεται σέ μυθιστορήματα μέ θέμα τήν
Καταστροφή γραμμένα άπό συγγραφείς πού γεννήθηκαν ή/καί μεγάλωσαν
στή Μικρά ’Ασία ή στήν Κωνσταντινούπολη. Οί έντεκα άντιπροσωπευτικοί
συγγραφείς πού συμπεριέλαβα στον κατάλογό μου προήλθαν ε’ίτε άπό τήν
Κωνσταντινούπολη ε’ίτε άπό τά δυτικά μέρη τής Μικράς ’Ασίας. Μετά τήν
Καταστροφή (ή λίγο πρίν), σχεδόν όλοι τους εγκαταστάθηκαν στήν ’Αθήνα.
Τό θέμα τής Καταστροφής εμφανίζεται στο μυθιστόρημα μέ τρεις κυρίως
μορφές: (α) τήν άνάπλαση τής ζωής στή χαμένη πατρίδα· (β) αφηγήσεις τοΰ
πολέμου, τής αιχμαλωσίας καί τών διωγμών- (γ) τήν απεικόνιση τών προβλημάτων
πού αντιμετώπισαν οί πρόσφυγες κατά τήν έγκατάστασή τους
στήν Ελλάδα. 

Τέλος, εντάσσω τό «προσφυγικό μυθιστόρημα» καί ιδίως τό μυθιστόρημα
τοϋ Κοσμά Πολίτη Στοΰ Χατζή φράγκου (1963) — στή λεγόμενη «λογοτεχνία
τής εξορίας». 'Ο όρος «λογοτεχνία τής εξορίας» δημιουργήθηκε άπό
τούς μελετητές των λογοτεχνιών οί όποιες αναπτύχθηκαν στήν έξορία, π.χ.
τής γερμανικής λογοτεχνίας τοϋ εξωτερικού στήν εποχή τοϋ Χίτλερ. Παρ’
όλες τίς διαφορές που ξεχωρίζουν τήν έλληνική περίπτωση άπό τίς άλλες,
παρατηρούμε τήν ίδια θεματολογία (νοσταλγία, αφηγήσεις βιαιοτήτων, δυσκολίες
προσαρμογής στό καινούριο περιβάλλον) καί πολλές ομοιότητες
στή λογοτεχνική παρουσίασή της. Ό Πολίτης άναπλάθει μέ τή μνήμη καί
τή φαντασία του τή ζωή σέ μια λαϊκή γειτονιά τής Σμύρνης τό 1901-2, άλλά
παρενθέτει καί άναφορές στή μετέπειτα πορεία των προσώπων του κατά τή
διάρκεια τής Καταστροφής καί μετά τήν εγκατάστασή τους στήν Ελλάδα.
Γιά τά πρόσωπα αύτά — καθώς καί για τον συγγραφέα, ή Ελλάδα δεν είναι
καταφύγιο άλλα τόπος εξορίας (ξενιτιά).
Propriete fonciere, rang social et identite ethno-religieuse: Le quartier Osman Aga de kadikoy (Istanbul) vers 1875
Authors: Anastassiadou Meropi
Published: April 2015

'Υπάρχει συσχετισμός μεταξύ της έθνικο-θρησκευτικής ταυτότητας καί
της κατοχής άκίνητης ιδιοκτησίας; Ή μελέτη αύτή παρουσιάζει μια 

σύγκριση άνάμεσα στους μουσουλμάνους καί στους χριστιανούς ιδιοκτήτες
άκινήτων δσον άφορα στήν κοινωνικο-οικονομική τους κατάσταση
καί θέση στη συνοικία Osman aga τής Χαλκηδόνας (Kadiköy) κατά τή
δεκαετία του 1870.
Ή Χαλκηδόνα γνωρίζει ταχεία άστική καί πολεοδομική άνάπτυξη
κατά το τελευταίο τέταρτο του 19ου αιώνα. Το κατάστιχο 3833 (τής
σειράς Maliye Nezareti Varidat) πού φυλάσσεται στα οθωμανικά αρχεία
τής Πόλης (Ba§bakanlik Osmanli Ar§ivleri) καταγράφει τα άκίνητα
τέλειας κυριότητας (mülk) πού περιλαμβάνονται στα δρια του Osman aga
καί αποτελεί πολύτιμη πηγή γιά την έξέταση τής κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης
στο ύπύ άνάπτυξη αύτύ προάστιο τής οθωμανικής πρωτεύουσας.
A theory of friendship in st. Basil of Caesarea, in relation to Aristotle's ethics
Authors: Spadavecchia Carla
Published: April 2015

Το άρθρο αυτό επισημαίνει ορισμένες ομοιότητες ανάμεσα στην έννοια τής
φιλίας όπως έμφανίζεται στίς ’Επιστολές του 'Αγ. Βασιλείου του Καισαρέα
καί στήν θεωρία τής φιλίας τοϋ ’Αριστοτέλη, όπως έκφράζεται στα ’Ηθικά
Νικομάχεια καί στά ’Ηθικά Ενδήμεια. Είναι δυνατό νά γίνουν παραλληλισμοί
στά άκόλουθα θέματα: α) ή χρησιμότητα τής φιλίας, β) ή ομοιότητα στήν 

αρετή καί ή ταυτότητα σέ πνευματικούς στόχους ώς θεμελιώδεις βάσεις μιας
ειλικρινούς φιλίας, γ) τό κίνητρο τής άμοιβαίας άπόλαυσης καί των κοινών
προτιμήσεων άνάμεσα σέ φίλους, δ) ή άναγκαιότητα τής ομόνοιας, ε) ή κοινότητα
τής έπικοινωνίας μεταξύ των φίλων, στ) ή ανάγκη των φίλων νά μοιράζονται
χαρές καί λύπες, ζ) τέλος, ή κοινή αντιμετώπιση τής διάλυσης
τής φιλίας.
Στο έργο τού Βασιλείου όλα αυτά δείχνουν νά απορρέουν άπύ τύν ’Αριστοτέλη,
παρόλο πού δεν υπάρχουν στα γράμματά του δηλώσεις πού νά το
μαρτυρούν άμεσα. ’Άλλωστε, ό Βασίλειος προσκομίζει ακριβέστατες έκφράσεις
γιά τά αίσθήματά του (εΐτε αυτά τά βίωνε σέ βάθος είτε άντικατόπτριζαν
τήν εκλεπτυσμένη εύγένεια τού καιρού του) ή τά όποια βρίσκονται σέ πλήρη
συμφωνία μέ τά ’Αριστοτελικά σημεία πού προαναφέρθηκαν.
’Ακόμα κι αν αύτά είχαν καταστεί κοινό κτήμα μέσα στο άμάλγαμα πού
παρουσίαζε ή παιδεία τον 4ο αιώνα, είναι ακόμα παρόντα καί μπορούν νά εντοπιστούν
στο έργο τού Βασιλείου, ό όποιος πιθανότατα θεώρησε τις μάλλον
προσωποπαγείς καί πρακτικές άπόψεις τού ’Αριστοτέλη γιά τή φιλία, έκφρα-
στικότερες από τήν θεωρητική άπόσταση τού Πλάτωνα καί των Στωϊκών
— καθώς έπίσης καί πιο άρμονικές μέ τήν θέση του σάν χριστιανού.
On the economic activities on the anatolian Greeks: Mid 19th century to early 20th
Authors: Panayotopoulos A. J.
Published: April 2015

Πολλά στοιχεία λείπουν ακόμη γιά νά σχηματίσουμε μιά πλήρη εικόνα
τής οικονομικής δραστηριότητας του Μικρασιατικού Ελληνισμού καί να συνα-
γάγουμε γενικά συμπεράσματα. 'Ωστόσο, τά στοιχεία πού παρουσιάζονται
στή μελέτη αύτή οδηγούν σέ μερικές διαπιστώσεις. 'Η άνθιση των μικρασιατικών
κοινοτήτων, κυρίως των εμπορικών κέντρων τών παραλίων, συνδέεται μέ
τη βιομηχανική έπανάσταση στην Ευρώπη καί την ανάπτυξη τής οικονομίας
της. 'Ο ρόλος τών Ελλήνων ήταν κυρίως ρόλος μεσαζόντων άνάμεσα στο
ευρωπαϊκό κεφάλαιο καί τήν εσωτερική άγορά τής ’Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας.
Αυτό πού τούς έπέτρεψε νά άναλάβουν αύτύν το ρόλο ήταν ή ιδιαίτερη
θέση τους στήν οθωμανική κοινωνία, μιά άνάμεικτη θέση προνομίων μαζί καί
άποκλεισμοΰ, πού, άπύ τή μιά, τούς έπέτρεπε νά κινούνται άνετα στο μουσουλμανικό
περιβάλλον καί, άπύ τήν άλλη, τούς έστρεφε πολιτιστικά προς τήν όμό-
θρησκή τους Εύρώπη. 'Ο ρόλος τους αύτύς βοήθησε στή δημιουργία μιας μι-
κρομεσαίας μή μουσουλμανικής αστικής τάξης μικρεμπόρων, δανειστών,
προμηθευτών, υπαλλήλων καί έλεύθερων έπαγγελματιών (δικηγόρων, μηχανικών,
γιατρών, φαρμακοποιών, κλπ.). 'Η άνασφάλεια τοποθέτησης κεφαλαίων στη βιομηχανία καί την αγροτική παραγωγή έδωσε ώθηση στήν ανάπτυξη

τραπεζών, δπου τοποθετούνταν τά μεγάλα κέρδη άπο το εισαγωγικό
καί έξαγωγικύ έμπόριο μέ τήν Ευρώπη.
Έξω άπο τά εμπορικά δμως κέντρα, παράλια καί ήπειρωτικά, ή πλειοψηφία
των Ελλήνων ήταν άγρότες, επίμορτοι ή μέ μικρή περιουσία καί ζοΰσαν στις
ίδιες συνθήκες μέ το μουσουλμανικό πληθυσμό. Παρά τήν έντύπωση πού έ'χει
δημιουργηθεΐ, δέν ύφίστατο ειδίκευση των Ελλήνων σε ορισμένες καλλιέργειες,
άλλα ασχολούνταν μέ τήν καλλιέργεια πού επικρατούσε κατά περιοχή. Επίσης,
άνάλογες μέ τις τοπικές συνθήκες καί τις έπαγγελματικές τους ασχολίες ήταν
καί οΐ συνθήκες διαβίωσής τους, το πολιτιστικό τους επίπεδο καί ή άνάπτυξη
τής έθνικιστικής τους ιδιαιτερότητας.
Can Informal Communication Networks Disrupt Coordination in New Product Development Projects?
Authors: Sosa Manuel E. , Gargiulo Martin , Rowles Craig
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates how the structure of the informal communication network that results from efforts to coordinate task interdependence between design teams in complex product development projects moderates the effect of task interdependence on interteam communication. Drawing on theoretical mechanisms from the social network and knowledge transfer literature, as well as on recent empirical advances in exponential random graphs models of social networks, we examine how the presence of a common third party in the communication network affects the likelihood of technical communication between interdependent teams designing the components of a large commercial aircraft engine. Although task interdependence has a strong and significant effect on the likelihood of communication between teams, this effect is moderated by the presence of common third parties. The nature of this moderation depends on the position of the common third party within the triadic communication structure. When the common third party seats in the middle of a communication chain between the potential source and the potential recipient of technical communication, its presence increases the likelihood of communication between these two teams. However, when the communication between the source and recipient can trigger cyclic exchanges between the three teams, the presence of the third party reduces the likelihood of communication between the two interdependent teams, increasing the risk of coordination disruptions. We discuss the implications of our findings on the literature of intraorganizational networks in new product development.
Working hours: Balancing risk and productivity
Authors: Moreton Adam
Published: April 2015

Aim:

To create the first evidence-based risk management tool that balances productivity with the likelihood of breeching the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) and band 1 of the current UK junior doctor contract. Thus, providing reassurance to HR managers and junior doctors that a working pattern will not breech contractual and legislative hours limits.

Methods:

Twenty-one North West England NHS Trusts allowed access to their junior doctor hours monitoring data from 2012/13. Examination of the variance between the anticipated hours of work and that actually worked in practice facilitated the production of a risk-management tool for rota designers.

Results:

Valid monitoring returns were obtained for 256 full-shift and 47 non-resident on-call rotas. Full-shift specialties with >10 rotas in the dataset, and normally distributed, were used to produce a look-up table that allows rota designers to choose an acceptable percentage likelihood of breeching a pay banding/EWTD. This would be achieved by incorporating a specified minimum number of minutes under/over the 48-hour limit into the template rota as designated by the tool.
Keep their eye on the ball
Authors: Adams Margaret
Published: April 2015

Your staff may be skilled and talented individuals but don't forget they are also busy people. They will need your support to remain focused on team objectives.
Make the right match
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: April 2015

In part one of his series providing advice on taking your next career step, Tom Donohoe outlines the importance of thoroughly researching potential employers.
Backstage pass to the city: The soundscape of Suite Habana
Authors: Holmes Amanda
Published: April 2015

The objective of this article is to underscore the significance of sound for the full appreciation of film through an analysis of the diegetic and non-diegetic sounds and music of Suite Habana/Havana Suite (2003), by Fernando Pérez, a film that has not yet been interpreted from this perspective. The soundscape of Suite Habana offers a compelling understanding of contemporary urban life and the political and cultural transformations that have occurred in Cuban society. From everyday sounds of cooking, cleaning and daily circulation through the city, to songs and compositions by well-known composers and performers, urban sounds in the film present a profound interpretation of the Cuban capital. Despite its similarities with the city symphony film genre of the 1920s, Suite Habana’s focus on the human side of the urban experience sets this film apart from these earlier examples. Drawing also from experimentation in documentary film in early Revolutionary Cuba, Pérez’s film carefully interweaves everyday sounds to highlight the materiality of urban life, while the incorporation of specific musical pieces and performers underscores the impact of historical changes for the island.
Ornamental Plant Breeding
Authors: Botelho Flávia Barbosa Silva , Rodrigues Cinthia Souza , Bruzi Adriano Teodoro
Published: April 2015

World’s ornamental plant market, including domestic market of several countries and its exports, is currently evaluated in 107 billion dollars yearly. Such estimate highlights the importance of the sector in the economy of the countries, as well as its important social role, as it represents one of the main activities, which contributes to income and employment. Therefore a well-structured plant breeding program, which is connected with consumers’ demands, is required in order to fulfill these market needs globally. Activities related to pre-breeding, conventional breeding, and breeding by biotechnological techniques constitute the basis for the successful development of new ornamental plant cultivars. Techniques that involve tissue culture, protoplast fusion and genetic engineering greatly aid conventional breeding (germplasm introduction, plant selection and hybridization), aiming the obtention of superior genotypes. Therefore it makes evident, in the literature, the successful employment of genetic breeding, since it aims to develop plants with commercial value that are also competitive with the ones available in the market.
Problem solving of container loading using genetic algorithm based on modified random keys
Authors: Arefi Mohammad Sadegh , Rezaei Hassan
Published: April 2015

This article presents a solution to the container loading problem. Container loading problem deals with how to put the cube boxes with different sizes in a container. Our proposed method is based on a particular kind of genetic algorithm based on biased random keys. In the proposed algorithm, we will face generations' extinction. Population decreases with time and with the staircase changes in the rate of elitism, the algorithm is guided towards the global optimum. Biased random keys in the proposed method are provided as discrete. The algorithm also provides the chromosomes that store more than one ability. In order to solve container loading using a placement strategy, due to the size of the boxes and containers, the containers are classified as small units and equal unites in size. Finally the algorithm presented in this paper was compared with three other methods that are based on evolutionary algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of results and performance time in relation to other methods.
Ciência, viagens e controlo do território: O caso do Brasil na segunda metade do século XVIII
Authors: Rodrigues José Damião
Published: April 2015

Neste artigo, pretendemos analisar a relação entre saber e poder, ciência e administração imperial, tendo como estudo de caso o Brasil, e nomeadamente o exemplo da bacia amazónica na segunda metade do século XVIII. O objectivo é demonstrar que, apesar das mudanças na geografia administrativa, das reformas, das viagens científicas e da produção de informação relativa à fauna, flora e mineralogia das colónias, continuaram a existir diversos obstáculos ao conhecimento e controlo dos territórios situados nas zonas de fronteira dos impérios europeus.
Ciência e controle imperial no Mato Grosso português
Authors: Campos Rafael
Published: April 2015

A Capitania de Mato Grosso no século XVIII é vista como uma fronteira por excelência. Todavia, o domínio territorial pensado pelos agentes do Império português não se bastou apenas em tratados e construção de fortificações. Sob a égide do Iluminismo, toda uma rede de conhecimentos foi implementada, tendo como ponto base a ideia de que a ciência deveria servir ao Império. O controle efetivo do território era mais complexo que o simples controle militar do mesmo, ainda que este fosse primordial. Deste modo, analisaremos as instâncias deste controle de modo a discutir em que medida a aplicação da noção de que conhecimento é poder foi essencial para o domínio da fronteira oeste da América portuguesa, bem como as vicissitudes deste processo em Mato Grosso, nomeadamente a questão do sigilo da informação.
A Estatística da População na América Portuguesa, 1750-1820
Authors: Silveira e Sousa Paulo , de Matos Paulo Teodoro
Published: April 2015

Desde a década de 1720 que a administração ultramarina portuguesa produziu ordens régias com vista a recolher e organizar informações padronizadas sobre a população do império. Estes processos ganharam uma dimensão particular no Brasil, durante a segunda metade do século XVIII, mas foram transversais a quase todos os territórios (em África, no Índico e no Oriente), dando origem a um extenso corpus documental constituído por várias centenas de mapas estatísticos. Inspirando-se nos princípios da aritmética política e do fisiocratismo as elites políticas portuguesas entenderam a população como um recurso de Estado que se deveria calcular, regular e canalizar segundo as conveniências da Coroa. Este artigo pretende descrever os modelos de ordens e de mapas estatísticos, bem como a sua evolução. Na linha de autores pioneiros como Dauril Alden e Maria Luiza Marcílio defenderemos o seu enorme potencial no cálculo de estimativas demográficas para o período colonia
A Cross-Cultural Examination of Curriculum and Sexuality Outcomes in Primary School
Authors: Osaďan Róbert , Safir Yasmin
Published: April 2015

In this paper, sexuality will be examined with regards to the parental attitudes as well as the public curriculum of various countries across the globe at the primary school level. The outcomes will be explored in relation to the type of education and dissemination of information provided to children and conclusions will be made based on these outcomes. The countries of Canada, the United States, Kenya, Australia and Ghana will be studied in detail. The outcomes will be looked at within some global comparison and proportions.
Some Sociological, Medical and Legislative Views on Video Game Addiction (A Slovenian Case Study)
Authors: Goriup Jana , Arnuš Alexander
Published: April 2015

Millions of people worldwide play video games; also in Slovenian post-modern society. Most of them do it for enjoyment, yet a small number of individuals show traits associated with addictive behaviour when interacting with their games. The authors in the article point out that, compared to drug abuse, there exist some more approachable life-related activities that can lead to addiction. They stimulate the excretion of endorphins and lead to the transformation of consciousness. Addiction to video games is an ostensible attempt to satisfy the immanent human need for meaning. The economy of the Slovenian young consumer society inspires it and is based on “learning” of these alienated needs. The modern hyperpragmatic society makes it possible for young people to have a fragmented identity and places them under the pressure of constant choice of (formally open opportunities). The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the reader with possible causes, clinical signs and methods of treatment of this disorder in Slovenian postmodern society, and explain the reasons why currently no medical textbook in the world contains any information regarding video game addiction. We intend, further, to demonstrate that gaming has become a type of “sport” in certain countries and demonstrate how potentially devastating even this type of addiction can be. The authors present the results of a research, which was undertaken on a sample of 350 individuals, to determine the appearance of indicators of behavioural addiction to video games and their connection with some family factors. They determine that through addiction to video games, post-modern societies have developed an addictive identity.
Reassessing the Conventional Wisdom: Entitlements from the Inside
Authors: Campbell Andrea Louise
Published: April 2015

A family tragedy enables a social policy scholar to examine how American social assistance works from the recipient perspective. The experience results in a reexamination of conventional wisdom around US social policy. In contrast to the revisionist account, meager social assistance programs are still pretty meager. Despite the bifurcation between deserving and undeserving beneficiaries, some deserving populations are swept into catch-all means-tested programs and fare badly. Finally, the experience forces a new look at research approaches to social policy. More qualitative and ethnographic work is needed, as well as examinations of the interactions among multiple programs and their complicated and often contradictory rules.
Molecular targeting of obesity pathways in cancer
Authors: Surmacz Eva , Otvos Laszlo
Published: April 2015

Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of different cancer types and has been associated with poorer response to oncotherapies and linked to earlier recurrence of the neoplastic disease. While molecular mechanisms of these associations are still under investigation, functional dysregulation of two major fat tissue-derived adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, appears to play an important role. Leptin is known to activate carcinogenic pathways, while adiponectin appears to exert antineoplastic activities and interfere with leptin-induced processes. Because excess body fat is associated with increased leptin expression and adiponectin downregulation, therapeutic rebalancing of these pathways may benefit cancer patients, especially the obese subpopulations. This review focuses on our novel leptin receptor antagonists and adiponectin receptor agonists designed for therapeutic modulation of obesity-associated pathways in cancer.
Power and the Trial: The Tension Between Voices and Silence
Authors: Sgubbi Filippo
Published: April 2015

In Da Ponte’s libretto, the Count of Almaviva called for silence in order to best exercise his institutional authority and pass judgment. Trials have always involved a multitude of voices, and yet a requirement for silence. The trial – in this case the criminal trial – is the most significant instrument of state power and coercion over individuals: according to the specific requirements of those in power, the criminal trial and its individual stages involve at times silence and at times clamour and an adequate
Neuroprotective effects of geniposide on Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Liu WeiZhen , Li Guanglai , Hölscher Christian , Li Lin
Published: April 2015

A growing body of evidence has linked two of the most common aged-related diseases: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has led to the notion that drugs developed for the treatment of T2DM may be beneficial in modifying the pathophysiology of AD. As a receptor agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R), which is a newer drug class to treat T2DM, geniposide shows clear effects in inhibiting pathological processes underlying AD, such as promoting neurite outgrowth. In the present article, we review the possible molecular mechanisms of geniposide to protect the brain from pathologic damages underlying AD: reducing amyloid plaques, inhibiting τ phosphorylation, preventing memory impairment and loss of synapses, reducing oxidative stress and the chronic inflammatory response, and promoting neurite outgrowth via the GLP-1R signaling pathway. In summary, the Chinese herb geniposide shows great promise as a novel treatment for AD.