bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aortic Valve Calcification Is Associated with Future Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chung Hojune E. , Chen Jessica , Ghosalkar Dhairyasheel , Christensen Jared L. , Chu Alice J. , Mantsounga Chris S. , Neverson Jade , Soares Cullen , Shah Nishant R. , Wu Wen-Chih , Choudhary Gaurav , Morrison Alan R.
Published: March 2021

Background:

While an association between atherosclerosis and dementia has been identified, few studies have assessed the longitudinal relationship between aortic valve calcification (AVC) and cognitive impairment (CI).

Objective:

We sought to determine whether AVC derived from lung cancer screening CT (LCSCT) was associated with CI in a moderate-to-high atherosclerotic risk cohort.

Methods:

This was a single site, retrospective analysis of 1401 U.S. veterans (65 years [IQI: 61, 68] years; 97%male) who underwent quantification of AVC from LCSCT indicated for smoking history. The primary outcome was new diagnosis of CI identified by objective testing (Mini-Mental Status Exam or Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or by ICD coding. Time-to-event analysis was carried out using AVC as a continuous variable.

Results:

Over 5 years, 110 patients (8%) were diagnosed with CI. AVC was associated with new diagnosis of CI using 3 Models for adjustment: 1) age (HR: 1.104; CI: 1.023–1.191; p = 0.011); 2) Model 1 plus hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, CKD stage 3 or higher (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min) and CAD (HR: 1.097; CI: 1.014–1.186; p = 0.020); and 3) Model 2 plus CVA (HR: 1.094; CI: 1.011–1.182; p = 0.024). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the association between AVC and new diagnosis of CI remained significant upon exclusion of severe AVC (HR: 1.100 [ 1.013–1.194 ]; p = 0.023). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that this association remained significant when including education in the multivariate analysis (HR: 1.127 [ 1.030–1.233 ]; p = 0.009).

Conclusion:

This is the first study demonstrating that among mostly male individuals who underwent LCSCT, quantified aortic valve calcification is associated with new diagnosis of CI.
Superior Frontal Gyrus TOMM40-APOE Locus DNA Methylation in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bezuch Natalia , Bradburn Steven , Robinson Andrew C. , Pendleton Neil , Payton Antony , Murgatroyd Chris
Published: March 2021

Background:

The APOE ɛ4 allele is the strongest known genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The neighboring TOMM40 gene has also been implicated in AD due to its close proximity to APOE.

Objective:

Here we tested whether methylation of the TOMM40-APOE locus may influence ApoE protein levels and AD pathology.

Methods:

DNA methylation levels across the TOMM40-APOE locus and ApoE levels were measured in superior frontal gyrus tissues of 62 human brains genotyped for APOE and scored for AD neuropathology.

Results:

Methylation levels within the TOMM40 CpG island in the promoter or APOE CpG island in Exon 4 did not differ between APOE ɛ4 carriers versus non-carriers. However, APOE ɛ4 carriers had significantly higher methylation the APOE promoter compared with non-carriers. Although DNA methylation at TOMM40, APOE promoter region, or APOE did not differ between AD pathological groups, there was a negative association between TOMM40 methylation and CERAD scores. ApoE protein concentrations did not significantly different between APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers, or between AD pathological groups. Finally, there was no correlation between ApoE protein concentrations and DNA methylation levels.

Conclusion:

APOE gene methylation may not be affected by genotype, relate to AD pathology or ApoE protein levels in the superior frontal gyrus, though, DNA methylation at the ApoE promoter differed between genotype. DNA methylation at TOMM40 associated with amyloid-β plaques and longitudinal fluid intelligence. In sum, these results suggest a complicated regulation of the TOMM40-APOE locus in the brain in controlling ApoE protein levels and AD neuropathology.
Waves of maximal height for a class of nonlocal equations with inhomogeneous symbols
Authors: Le Hung
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we consider a class of nonlocal equations where the convolution kernel is given by a Bessel potential symbol of order α for [Formula: see text]. Based on the properties of the convolution operator, we apply a global bifurcation technique to show the existence of a highest, even, [Formula: see text]-periodic traveling-wave solution. The regularity of this wave is proved to be exactly Lipschitz.
Prioritization of Texas prestressed concrete bridges for future truck platoon loading
Authors: Thulaseedharan Nandhu Pillay , Yarnold Matthew Thomas
Published: March 2021

Autonomous truck platoons shall soon be traveling our highway system with greater frequency. The objective of the presented study is to conduct a high-level evaluation of the Texas concrete bridge inventory when subjected to potential truck platoon loading. The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database is utilized to the greatest extent possible. In addition, a significant literature review is performed to make assumptions allowing estimated load rating calculations for the prestressed concrete bridges likely to support future platoons (nearly 3,000 bridges). The truck platoon load ratings, combined with the NBI structural evaluation condition ratings, are utilized to prioritize each bridge. As a result, bridges are identified for more detailed evaluation prior to future truck platoon implementation. Data analysis was also performed to further understand the impact of various parameters on the load rating and prioritization results. Conclusions were drawn regarding the sensitivity of the (1) original design methodology, (2) bridge span length, (3) truck type, (4) truck spacing and (5) number of trucks within a platoon. In addition, a secondary benefit of the study is a presented framework for other bridge owners to prioritize their bridges that may be subjected to truck platoon or other heavy vehicle loading.
An intelligent medical decision support system for diagnosis of heart abnormalities in ECG signals
Authors: Revathi J. , Anitha J. , Hemanth D. Jude
Published: March 2021

This work describes a novel method to detect a Bundle branch block and myocardial infarction from the multi-lead ECG signal. The clinical characteristics of BBB and MI extracted by using a derivative filter and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The signal with the frequency below 50 Hz obtained and derivative-based filter applied to extract features. The continuous wavelet transforms also applied to the signals of BBB and MI. The CWT coefficients extracted, and the signals reconstructed from the wavelet to obtain the features. The feature vectors generated from each lead of both the methods computed using parameters such as spectral entropy, mean of peaks, total energy from power spectrum density, form factor, and root mean squared value. The results of both the derivative-based filter and CWT analyzed by applying these features to the classifiers. The accuracy of classification of diseases computed using SVM, KNN, Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network (LMNN), and scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation network (SCG NN). The best accuracy obtained from the derivative filter and wavelet transform method is 96.4% using LMNN and SCGNN classifier and 96.4% using KNN and LMNN classifier respectively.
An innovative method for cardiovascular disease detection based on nonlinear geometric features and feature reduction combination
Authors: Saeedi Abdolkarim , Moridani Mohammad Karimi , Azizi Alireza
Published: March 2021

Cardiovascular is arguably the most dominant death cause in the world. Heart functionality can be measured in various ways. Heart sounds are usually inspected in these experiments as they can unveil a variety of heart related diseases. This study tackles the lack of reliable models and high training times on a publicly available dataset. The heart sound set is provided by Physionet consisting of 3153 recordings, from which five seconds were fixed to evaluate to the developed method. In this work, we propose a novel method based on feature reduction combination, using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The authors present eight dominant features in heart sound classification: mean duration of systole interval, the standard deviation of diastole interval, the absolute amplitude ratio of diastole to S2, S1 to systole and S1 to diastole, zero crossings, Centroid to Centroid distance (CCdis) and mean power in the 95–295 Hz range. These reduced features are then optimized respectively with two straightforward classification algorithms weighted k-NN with a lower-dimensional feature space and Linear SVM that uses a linear combination of all features to create a robust model, acquiring up to 98.15% accuracy, holding the best stats in the heart sound classification on a largely used dataset. According to the experiments done in this study, the developed method can be further explored for real world heart sound assessments.
Factors Associated with Lower Cognitive Performance Scores Among Older Japanese Men in Hawaii and Japan
Authors: Miyagawa Naoko , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Fujiyoshi Akira , Shiino Akihiko , Chen Randi , Ross George Webster , Willcox Bradley , Miura Katsuyuki , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Masaki Kamal
Published: March 2021

Background: Few studies have compared factors related to cognitive function among people with similar genetic backgrounds but different lifestyles. Objective: We aimed to identify factors related to lower cognitive scores among older Japanese men in two genetically similar cohorts exposed to different lifestyle factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling Japanese men aged 71–81 years included 2,628 men enrolled in the Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study based in Hawaii and 349 men in the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis based in Japan. We compared participant performance through Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) assessment in Hawaii (1991–1993) and Japan (2009–2014). Factors related to low cognitive scores (history of cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic factors, and lifestyle factors) were identified with questionnaires and measurements. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of a low (< 82) CASI score based on different factors. Results: CASI scores were lower in Hawaii than in Japan [21.2%(n = 556) versus 12.3%(n = 43), p < 0.001], though this was not significant when adjusted for age and educational attainment (Hawaii 20.3%versus Japan 17.9%, p = 0.328). History of stroke (OR = 1.65, 95%confidence interval = 1.19–2.29) was positively associated with low cognitive scores in Hawaii. Body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 tended to be associated with low cognitive scores in Japan; there was a significant interaction between the cohorts. Conclusion: Cognitive scores differences between cohorts were mostly explained by differences in educational attainment. Conversely, cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic factors differentially impacted cognitive scores among genetically similar older men exposed to different lifestyle factors.
A Novel ITM2B Mutation Associated with Familial Chinese Dementia
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Ke-Liang , Wang Yi , Huang Yu-Yuan , Chen Shi-Dong , Dong Qiang , Cui Mei , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: March 2021

Mutations in ITM2B have been found to be associated with familial Danish dementia (FDD) and familial British dementia (FBD). Here, we describe a patient with dementia caused by a novel ITM2B p.*267Leuext*11 mutation. The patient presented with dementia, ataxia, deafness, and paraplegia. Amyloid PET and Tau PET showed abnormal deposition of amyloid and tau protein in brain. Summarized from previous 26 FBD and FDD cases, the clinical phenotype of ITM2B; p.*267Leuext*11 mutation in ITM2B is different from the features of FBD and FDD. Our findings increased genetic knowledge of familial dementia and extend the ethnic distribution of ITM2B mutations.
GEORGE®: A Pilot Study of a Smartphone Application for Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Waddell Emma M. , Dinesh Karthik , Spear Kelsey L. , Elson Molly J. , Wagner Ellen , Curtis Michael J. , Mitten David J. , Tarolli Christopher G. , Sharma Gaurav , Dorsey E. Ray , Adams Jamie L.
Published: March 2021

Background: Current Huntington’s disease (HD) measures are limited to subjective, episodic assessments conducted in clinic. Smartphones can enable the collection of objective, real-world data but their use has not been extensively evaluated in HD. Objective: Develop and evaluate a smartphone application to assess feasibility of use and key features of HD in clinic and at home. Methods: We developed GEORGE®, an Android smartphone application for HD which assesses voice, chorea, balance, gait, and finger tapping speed. We then conducted an observational pilot study of individuals with manifest HD, prodromal HD, and without a movement disorder. In clinic, participants performed standard clinical assessments and a battery of active tasks in GEORGE. At home, participants were instructed to complete the activities thrice daily for one month. Sensor data were used to measure chorea, tap rate, and step count. Audio data was not analyzed. Results: Twenty-three participants (8 manifest HD, 5 prodromal HD, 10 controls) enrolled, and all but one completed the study. On average, participants used the application 2.1 times daily. We observed a significant difference in chorea score (HD: 19.5; prodromal HD: 4.5, p = 0.007; controls: 4.3, p = 0.001) and tap rate (HD: 2.5 taps/s; prodromal HD: 8.9 taps/s, p = 0.001; controls: 8.1 taps/s, p = 0.001) between individuals with and without manifest HD. Tap rate correlated strongly with the traditional UHDRS finger tapping score (left hand: r = –0.82, p = 0.022; right hand: r = –0.79, p = 0.03). Conclusion: GEORGE is an acceptable and effective tool to differentiate individuals with and without manifest HD and measure key disease features. Refinement of the application’s interface and activities will improve its usability and sensitivity and, ideally, make it useful for clinical care and research.
Prevalence and determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Marrakesh province, Morocco: A cross- sectional survey
Authors: El Moussaoui Soufiane , Kaoutar Kamal , Chetoui Ahmed , El Kardoudi Abdeslam , Chigr Fatiha , Borrous Mounir , Najimi Mohamed
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants during the first 6 months of life. Nevertheless, the practice of breastfeeding is currently declining throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice and its associated factors among mothers living in Marrakesh province, Morocco. METHODS: The data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.2%. Mothers with age more than 30 years, residing in rural area, receiving counseling related breastfeeding during antenatal follow up and having knowledge about duration of breastfeeding were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of breastfeeding in Marrakesh was higher than the last national survey report but it is still insufficient. These findings have to stress authorities and deciders to sensitize mothers and future mothers to increase exclusive breastfeeding practice notably through the involvement of health professionals.
Influence of air shock wave on shelter
Authors: Kotsiuruba Volodymyr , Datsenko Ivan , Dachkovsky Volodymyr , Cherevko Ruslan , Polyulyak Vasyl , Ivashchuk Oleksandr , Furman Ihor
Published: March 2021

In modern conditions, sheltering people in protective structures, as a way of protection from dangers, in combination with evacuation from the affected areas (pollution) and the use of personal protective equipment, increases the reliability of public protection. In conditions when evacuation measures from cities can be complicated in a short time, protection of the population in shelters becomes the only possible and effective. Therefore, an important task is to study the impact of loads caused by the explosion of various munitions, substantiate recommendations for improving the protective properties of the shelter and the choice of their location.
The most common issues are considered in the article that arise during the arrangement of shelter in buildings and outside them. Based on experimental studies, Taylor's formula and the system of non-stationary Navier-Stokes equations for gas, it’s conducted an analysis of the influence of external and internal factors on the possible nature of the dynamic load from the shock wave on buildings, structures and structural elements in which shelters are located.
The results of studies of the parameters of dynamic loads showed that if the storage facilities are located in the basements of buildings, their stability is characterized by three parameters: maximum pressure, time to increase the load to maximum and effective time. The parameters of the loads and the law of their change over the time depend on the location of the structure relative to the surface of the earth and the building, the force of the explosion and the distance to the center of the explosion.
Prevalence of endoparasites and histopathological evaluation of intestine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from aquaculture pond in Janti, Polanharjo District, Klaten Regency
Authors: Sutarni Putri Aji , Herawati Elisa , Budiharjo Agung
Published: March 2021

Parasitic disease in aquaculture brings a great challenge to fish production. Appropriate control measure and treatment can be carried out if farmers are equipped with sufficient information on the existence of infection and its consequences on fish health. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of endoparasites in the intestine of Nile tilapia (Oreochrois niloticus) and any histological changes associated with the infection. Forty fishes were collected using purposive sampling technique at two location of aquaculture ponds in Janti village from September to December 2019. Each sampling size consisted of 10% of the total fish population in the pond. Identification of parasites was performed based on their morphology according to the standard method. Three genera of nematodes were found from fishes cultured at aquaculture ponds from local farmers, but not from that of PBIAT (Hatchery and Freshwater Fish Aquaculture). The endoparasites were identified as Cichlidogyrus sp., Acanthocephalus sp., and Ceratomyxa sp. with prevalence of 25% and intensity of 1.2%. Histological sections of the intestine of fish infected with these parasites showed alteration in the mucosa layers, such as edema and extension of the mucosa. Information on the presence of endoparasites and its effect on nile tilapia culture is important for fish farmers because it can be used as reference to control fish parasites effectively.
Genetic characteristic of giant featherback, Chitala lopis (Bleeker, 1851) from Lampung and Kalimantan using COI Gene
Authors: Persada Alam Putra Persada Putra , Solihin Dedy Duryadi , Affandi Ridwan
Published: March 2021

DNA barcoding based on partial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in the mitochondrial has widely used in species identification and biodiversity studies. COI gene application is expected to obtain genetic characteristic, genetic variations and phylogeny of giant featherback. The aim of this research was to analyze genetic diversity of giant featherback Chitala lopis in Lampung and Kalimantan. To analyse genetic distance, Kimura two parameter (K2P) model was performed where to determine nucleotide variation & polymorphism and also reconstructed of phylogenetic tree was used MEGA 7.0 software. Total nine individuals were obtained from three populations, i.e. Lampung, West Kalimantan and South Kalimantan. The results showed that giant featherback has 689 bp conserve, 18 bp variation, 13 bp parsimony-informative, and 2 bp singleton sites from 707 bp COI partial gene. The average within-species, in-group, and out-group based on K2P distances were 1.24%, 1.43% & 1.58% (AP008922.1; KM213054.1), and 13.00% respectively. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was obtaining from 13 SNP sites. West Kalimantan samples have two SNP (471 and 528 site). The South Kalimantan samples showed more specific nucleotides with nine SNP (120, 129, 144, 201, 306, 324, 474, 615 and 644). Based on genetic distance, the biggest difference was in the South Kalimantan sample (1.58%) compared with Lampung and West Kalimantan. The results of the K2P neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree reconstruction show that the South Kalimantan samples are in a different group. The West Kalimantan sample shows that it is closely related to the Lampung.
Sanal Gerçekliğin Reklam Stratejilerinde Kullanılmasına Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ERDEM Serhat
Published: March 2021

Teknolojinin akıl almaz bir hızla gelişmesi, internetin sosyal hayatın rutinleri arasına girmesi toplumsal hayatı birçok boyutuyla etkilemiştir. Teknolojinin gelişmesine paralel olarak ortaya çıkan kavramlardan biri de sanal gerçeklik kavramıdır. Sanal gerçeklik (Virtual Reality/VR) yapay ortamlar yaratarak gerçek gibi deneyimlenip etkileşim ortamı yaratan bilgisayar destekli sayısal platformları ifade etmek için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları simülasyon başta olmak üzere birçok alanda (görsel, sanatlar, mimari, askeri, sağlık, eğitim, oyun, reklam) kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı teknolojik gelişmeler sonucu ortaya çıkan sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının reklam stratejilerinde nasıl kullanıldığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla örnek olarak seçilen reklam uygulamaları çözümlenmiş ve sanal gerçekliğin reklam stratejilerinde nasıl kullanıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Preventive Penalisation in China: Background, Adverse Impacts and Judicial Restriction
Authors: Zhou Zhenjie
Published: March 2021

Recent criminal law reforms in China show a noticeable preventive character by criminalizing preparatory activities, lowering conviction threshold and imposing crime prevention obligation on legal persons, especially internet service providers. Timely preventive penalization is necessary because it responds to requirement of modern society to prevent invisible yet destructive risks in almost every corner of industrial activities. Meanwhile, preventive penalization puts criminal law and citizens in danger too, because punishing formally unlawful conducts that cause no harm to society leads to not only injustice in criminal justice but also ineffective allocation of precious resources. Chinese legislation gives enough space and choices to judiciary to prevent adverse impact of preventive penalization in practice. Unfortunately, the absence of a common recognition of its obligation and collective action shows that there is still a long way to go before establishment of a check and balance mechanism between seemingly unstoppable preventive penalization and criminal justice.
Prostitúció mint munkavégzés megítélése
Authors: Kovács István
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány egy olyan tavalyi évben készült és eredményeit idén összesítő alapkutatás konklúzióit mutatja be, amely a magyarországi prostitúció jogi-, és társadalmi helyzetét az abban résztvevő személyek megélt valóságán keresztül szemlélteti. Végre teljes képet kaphatunk a tekintetben, hogy a prostitúcióval foglalkozó személyek mindennapjaikat hogyan élik, a jelenlegi szabályozás életükre, és munkakörnyezetükre milyen hatást gyakorol, munkájuk során milyen visszaélésekkel kell szembesülniük. A tanulmány középpontjában a prostitúció, mint munkavégzés áll. Mindezt kvantitatív módszerekkel végzett kutatás keretében vizsgálom.
TOPLUM SÖZLEŞMESİ ANLAYIŞININ TEMELİ: MACHİAVELLİ'DE DEVLET VE BİREY
Authors: Oğuzhan Merve , Duyar Zeynep
Published: March 2021

Devlet ve birey kavramlarının geleneksel düşünceden kopup modern halindeki şekline bürünmesi Machiavelli’nin katkılarıyla gerçekleşmiş, ardından birçok düşünürün bu kavramları daha da geliştirmesiyle günümüzdeki haline ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada Machiavelli’ye değinmeden önce toplum sözleşmesinin ne olduğu kısaca ele alınmış ve toplum sözleşmesi kuramının önemli düşünürleri olan Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau ve Spinoza’nın üzerinde durulmuştur. Nihayetinde modern siyasal iktidarı din, ahlak gibi siyaseti aşan değer ve kavramlarla açıklamayı reddederek siyasal iktidarı dünyevi/laik bir iktidar haline getirmek Machiavelli ile başlamış ve birçok düşünürün katkılarıyla gelişmiştir. Bu düşünce anlayışı, gelenekten kopuşu simgelemiş ve devleti insan iradesinin ürünü olarak görmüştür. Ardından toplum sözleşmesi kuramcıları da devletin oluşumunu insana dayandırarak çeşitli etkenler doğrultusunda devleti bir sözleşme ile insanların kendi iradeleriyle egemenliklerini üstün bir otoriteye devretmeleri sonucu ortaya çıktığını savunmuşlardır. Çalışmanın devamında toplum sözleşmesi kuramının ilk zeminini oluşturan Machiavelli’nin bu anlayış doğrultusunda, devletin nasıl ortaya çıktığı fikrine, ardından gerçekleştirilen yönetim biçimlerine ve insan doğasının siyaset üzerinde etkilerine yer verilmiştir. Son olarak da Machiavelli’nin bireyin kendi yaşamını sürdürmesi için gerekli bir yapı olarak gördüğü laik devletinde, birey kavramı ve devlet ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TURKEY-CHINA RELATIONS AND ITS MEDIA MOVEMENTS
Authors: Şahin Sait
Published: March 2021

Turkey-China dialogue and cooperation that started in 1971 showed an increase in a rational manner. Because Turkey does not find the necessary support from the West in international politics, it has led to serious questioning its place. Especially the events in Syria and the eastern Mediterranean caused the traditional preferences in Turkish foreign policy to be shaken radically and made the search for alternative alliances inevitable. Eventually, Turkey began to engage about inclusiveness of Shanghai Quintet. This quintet sees as a new business opportunity its relations with Turkey in terms of economic and political. Turkey has become an important position as a central corridor at the ‘One Belt, One Road Project’. Because of China-Turkey relations show positive developments, media organizations originating in China have increased the interest in Turkey. In political relations media stands out as the fourth power. China attaches importance media by increasing investments in order to promote the 21st century Silk Road project and Chinese culture. In this article, an original research study will be conducted by analysing mutual friendship relations and historical development of political relations as well as aims of media activities and existing media agreements between China-Turkey with the qualitative data collection method.
SİMGESEL ANLAMLARIYLA ANKARA’NIN BAŞKENT OLUŞUNUN DÖNEMİN GAZETELERİ VE AYDINLARINDAKİ YANSIMALARI
Authors: Ölçekçi Haluk
Published: March 2021

Ankara’nın başkent oluşu, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun yıkılmasının önlenemeyişi ve bağımsızlık mücadelesi veren Türk milletinin yeni esaslar üzerine bir devlet kurma arzusuyla yakından ilgilidir. Türkiye’nin bağımsızlık savaşı devam ederken iki farklı anlayışı temsil eden iki başkent ortaya çıkmıştır. Ankara emperyalizme karşı verilen Milli Mücadele’nin karargâhlığını yaparak, Türkiye’deki siyasi ve toplumsal iktidarın yeni bir eksende şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Eskiyle olan bağları koparmak ve yeni bir Türkiye inşasında en önemli kilometre taşlarından birisi, Ankara’nın başkent oluşuyla atılmıştır. Cumhuriyet ilan edildiğinde fiili başkentlikten resmi başkentliğe terfi eden Ankara, aynı zamanda yeni medeniyet projesinin ve ulus devletin başlıca sembollerindendir.
İstanbul’un işgaliyle birlikte Mebusan Meclisi’nin kapatıldığı ve Büyük Millet Meclisi’nin Ankara’da toplandığı tarihi süreçte, hükümet merkezi ve başkent meselesi Türk basınının yakından ilgilendiği tartışma konuları arasında yer almıştır. Dönemin basınına ve aydınların hatıralarına yansıyan başkent tartışmaları, iki şehir üzerinden yapılan iki farklı dünya görüşünün iktidar mücadelesini yansıtmaktadır. İstanbul ve Anadolu basını işgal altındaki ülkenin vaziyeti karşısında takındıkları tutumlarına paralel olarak, bu cepheleşmedeki saflarını da belli etmişlerdir. Gazetelere yansıyan tartışmalara benzer bir tavrı dönemin aydınlarının hatıralarından da takip etmek mümkündür. Bu sayede Türkiye’nin yeni bir şekil aldığı Cumhuriyetin kuruluş yıllarına ilişkin nitelikli ve özgün bir bakış açısının oluşmasına katkı sunulacaktır.
DİJİTAL KAMU DİPLOMASİSİ Mİ DİJİTAL GÖZETİM Mİ?
Authors: Gürdal Elif
Published: March 2021

Dijital diplomasisi hem devletlerarası diplomasiyi hem de bir devlet ile yabancı kamuoyu grupları arasında ilişkiye denilen kamu diplomasisini içeren dijital iletişim tekniklerinin kullanımıdır. Bu bakımdan çoğunlukla “dijital diplomasi” tabiri ile kullanılan bu diplomasi biçimi bu çalışmada devletler ile yabancı kamuoyu ilişkisini ele aldığından “dijital kamu diplomasisi” kullanımıyla ayrıştırılmıştır. Dijital kamu diplomasisi uygulamaları 2000’li yıllar sonrası hızla hayatımıza girmiş ve bunun dönüm noktası sosyal medya uygulamaları olmuştur. Sosyal medya ile etkileşimin boyutu hızla artmış ve bu uygulamalar uluslararası ilişkilerin seyrini değiştirebilecek önemli araçlar haline gelmiştir. Bu platformlardan yabancı kamuoyunu ikna etme esasına dayalı olan dinleme, anlama, onlar ile etkileşim kurabilme boyutunun yanı sıra bu kitlelerden önemli verilerin elde edilmesi de dış politikada önemli bir güç kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bu bakımdan dijital kamu diplomasisinde etkileşim odaklı yabancı kamuoyunu anlama, onların isteklerini, beklentilerini doğrudan kendilerinden dinleme fırsatı sunan bu dijital platformlar diğer yandan bu toplumlar hakkında önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Ancak ortaya çıkan gizlilik politikasına rağmen devletlerin bu verileri gizli elde etmeye yönelik meyilleri ile yabancı kamuoyu gruplarının istekleri dışında verilerine ulaşılabilme ortamının oluşması “dijital gözetim toplumu” ile “dijital kamu diplomasisi” kavramlarının kavram karmaşasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma bu kavramların içeriklerinin neler olduğunu ve uygulamada nasıl ele alınması gerekliliğini tespite yönelik bir nitel araştırmadır.
ÇANAKKALE SERAMİKLERİNDE HAYVAN FİGÜRLERİ
Authors: Coşar Mehmet , Yücel Coşar Müjde
Published: March 2021

Günlük kullanıma yönelik üretilen ve incelendikçe Türk seramik tarihinde ayrı bir yeri olduğu daha iyi anlaşılan Çanakkale seramikleri, form ve dekor açısından zengin bir çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Erken ve geç dönem olarak ikiye ayırdığımız Çanakkale seramiklerinin her iki döneminde de hayvan figürlerine sıkça rastlanmaktadır.
İlk dönemde tabakların üzerinde stilize edilmiş desenler olarak gördüğümüz yalın hayvan figürleri, ikinci dönemde yerini; işlevsel özellikleri sonraki planda bırakılan, yoğun eklemelerin bulunduğu, birden çok rengin bir arada akıtma olarak kullanıldığı üç boyutlu heykelimsi kaplara bırakmaktadır. At, kuş, horoz, aslan, deve, kaplumbağa, kuğu, kanguru gibi hayvanların betimlendiği formlarda uvuzların bazen, hayvanların gerçekteki görüntüleriyle orantılı olarak eklendiği, bazen de büyük oranda deforme edilerek kullanıldığı dikkati çekmektedir.
Çanakkale seramiklerinin oldukça kalabalık bir bölümünü oluşturan hayvan figürlerindeki ürün çeşitliliğinin ele alındığı ve üretim yöntemlerinin anlatıldığı bu çalışmayla, Çanakkale’nin yerel kültürünün bir parçası olan bu seramiklerin gelecek kuşaklara en doğru şekilde aktarılması hedeflenmektedir.
FORMATION OF THE MUGHAM SINGING SCHOOL IN AZERBAIJAN (LATE 19TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURIES)
Authors: Strzemżalska Aneta
Published: March 2021

Mugham plays a significant role in the national culture of modern Azerbaijan. Considering this fact, this article describes the initial period of the formation of the Azerbaijani mugham singing school, that is, the end of the 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries. Based on the results of field research (participant observation, and also interviews in Russian and Azerbaijani languages ​​with representatives of the musical community of the capital of Azerbaijan: performers and listeners of mugham, scientists, publicists, employees of concert halls where mugham performances take place, employees of state institutions who are responsible for development programs culture in the country), and available sources, the author of the article focuses on those socio-historical circumstances and characters that testify to the specifics of the modern singing school of mugham. Therefore, special attention is paid to two soloists and connoisseurs of Azerbaijani music: Jabbar Garyagdioglu and Bulbul. The first of them, although he grew up in the traditional environment of folklore singers, performed mughams in a new, theatrical form on the stages of concert halls. The change in the place and form of mugham performance laid the foundation for the emergence of the main genre of modern national music in Azerbaijan - mugham opera. Bulbul's merit for the formation of the mugham singing school, in turn, is that he developed an original singing technique, the specificity of which is the synthesis of modified norms of vocal performance of classical music of the Western type and folklore art, primarily mugham. Due to technical innovations, the national music of Azerbaijan, colored with a purely folk style, is not only interesting, but also understandable to a foreign listener.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
XXXI KRUPNOV READINGS
"ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE CAUCASUS:
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF STUDY AND CONSERVATION»,
Makhachkala, October 26-31, 2020
Authors: Gadzhiev Murtazali S. , Zilivinskaya Emma D. , Kulakov Sergey A. , Savenko Sergey N. , Erlikh Vladimir R.
Published: March 2021

The article presents information about the International Scientific Conference XXXI Krupnov's readings "Archaeological Heritage of the Caucasus: Topical Problems of Study and Conservation," which was held on October 26-31, 2020 in Makhachkala, Republic of Daghestan. The conference was dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Krupnov's readings and the 50th anniversary of the Derbent archaeological expedition. The conference was attended by scientists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ghent, Grozny, Maykop, Makhachkala, Nazran, Nalchik, Oxford, Pushchino, Pyatigorsk, Tyumen, Stavropol, Sukhum, Vladikavkaz. At the beginning of the conference, a collection of conference materials was published, which included 141 publications of reports by more than 210 authors. The subject of the reports reflected a wide range of archaeological studies, covering the chronological range from the Stone Age to the Late Middle Ages.
MAUSOLEUM AND MONUMENTS OF ANCIENT CEMETERY IN AGLOBI VILLAGE (TYPOLOGY, EPIGRAPHY, DECOR)
Authors: Zakariyaev Zamir Sh. , Gasanov Magomedrashid G.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the monuments of the old cemetery in the Dagestan village of Aglobi. These sites were hardly studied before. The central place in the cemetery is occupied by a large domed mausoleum with a burial inside. Unlike the vast majority of other Dagestani mausoleums, the building in Aglobi is made of bricks. In our opinion, the mausoleum was originally built in the late Middle Ages (XV-XVI centuries), and at the very beginning of the XVIII century. it was repaired, as evidenced by an inscription dated 1114 / 1702–03. The study of the epigraphy of the mausoleum made it possible to establish both the name of the person buried in it, who was a Sufi (feast), and the name of the organizer of the repair and restoration work. The latter is marked with the social term mujavir, which was first recorded in the epigraphy of Dagestan. The carried out analysis of the grave monuments indicates that the formation of the cemetery took place over several centuries. The old grave monuments of the cemetery chronologically cover the period from the Late Middle Ages to the middle of the 19th century. The study of the monuments includes an analysis of their typology (sarcophagi, rectangular-vertical steles), decorative elements. For the first time, the Arabic-language epigraphy of the Aglobi monuments is introduced into scientific circulation. It was established that the style of the epitaphs, the external appearance and decorative design of the grave monuments of the cemetery have direct analogies with the monuments of the Derbent zone, the historical regions of South Dagestan, and also Shirvan.
ON THE HANDLES OF CERAMIC VESSELS OF THE EARLY BRONZE
PRIMORSKY DAGESTAN (QUESTIONS OF TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY)
Authors: Budaychiev Arsen L.
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this article is a typological and chronological study of the handles of ceramic vessels originating from fairly well-studied sites of the Early Bronze Age of the Primorsky Lowland of Dagestan, including both settlements (Velikent II, Gemetyube I, II, Kabaz-Kutan I, II, Torpakh-kala), and and burial grounds (Velikent I (catacomb No. 8), II (catacomb No. 1), III (catacomb No. 1), Karabudakhkent II, Kayakent VI). The first handles in the North-Eastern Caucasus appeared on ceramic ware back in the Eneolithic era. During the early Bronze Age, handles became a characteristic part of ceramic dishes (bowls, containers, cups, vases) on the considered sites of Primorsky Dagestan. Functionally, they have a utilitarian, decorative, artistic and religious purpose. The handles are of four types, which are characteristic of certain forms of dishes: type 1 - horizontal tubular, type 2 - ribbon, type 3 - pseudo-handles, type 4 - hemispherical. The article provides a description of each type of pens, provides analogues on the sites of the Early Bronze Age both in the Northeast Caucasus and the adjacent regions of the Caucasus, including the territories of modern Iran, Turkey and Palestine and Israel, which were part of the distribution area of ​​the Kuro-Arak cultural and historical community ( including Khirbet-Kerak culture). The work identifies the most common and early, dating back to the Chalcolithic period, types of pens, discusses the issue of their chronology. This article is the first special work devoted to a typological and chronological analysis of ceramic vessel handles.
Genelleştirilmiş Trapezoidal Bulanık Esnek Kümeler: Yeşil Tedarikçi Seçimi Problemine Uygulanması
Authors: AKIN Nalan Gülten
Published: March 2021

Üretim faaliyetlerinin aksamaması, ürün ya da hizmet kalitesinin geliştirilebilmesi ve ürünlerin toplam maliyetlerinin kontrol altında tutulabilmesi için tedarikçilerin değerlendirilmesi ve seçimi organizasyonlar açısından stratejik kararlar arasında yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda çevrenin korunmasına yönelik olarak yapılan yasal düzenlemeler artmış ve müşteriler çevre konusunda daha bilinçli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle ürünlerin çevreye olan zararlı etkilerini azaltmak için ürünlerin üretiminde kullanılan hammaddenin temininden, ürünün müşteriye teslim edilmesine kadar geçen tüm süreçlerde organizasyonlar faaliyetlerinin tamamını çevreye duyarlı hale getirmek zorundadır. Tedarikçi seçimi ise bu faaliyetlerin başlangıç noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Tedarikçi seçimi probleminde alternatiflerin değerlendirilebilmesi ve seçimi için kalitatif ve kantitatif çok sayıda kriter dikkate alınmaktadır. Kalitatif kriterlere göre alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesi genellikle dilsel ifadeler kullanılarak yapılmaktadır ve bulanık sayılara dönüştürülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu problemlerin çözümünde genellikle bulanık ya da bulanık olmayan çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Genelleştirilmiş trapezoidal bulanık esnek kümeler özellikle bulanık ortamda karar vermeyi kolaylaştıran tekniklerdir. Trapezoidal bulanık esnek kümeler ile kesin olmayan ya da belirsiz bilgiler etkili bir şekilde dilsel değişkenler olarak tanımlanabilmektedir ve bu nedenle çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerine alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, genelleştirilmiş trapezoidal bulanık esnek küme yaklaşımı yeşil tedarikçi seçimi problemine uygulanarak, elde edilen sonuçlar analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda genelleştirilmiş trapezoidal bulanık esnek kümelerin çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımlarının yerine kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
Bir Temsil Alanı Olarak Türkiye’de Düşünce Kuruluşları
Authors: BABUR Mehmet Münip
Published: March 2021

Türkiye’de toplumsal kesimler arasında sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlarda demokrasi ve çoğulculuğun elverdiği ölçüde rekabet ve iş birlikleri sözkonusu olmaktadır. Düşünce kuruluşları alanı bu rekabet ve iş birliğinin görüldüğü arenalardan biridir. Türkiye’de 1960’lardan itibaren düşünce kuruluşları ortaya çıkmış, 1990’larda sayıları ciddi oranda artmış 2000’li yıllar sonrasında önemli bir “fikir sektörü” haline gelmişlerdir. ABD ve Avrupalı muadilleri kadar etkili olmasalar da Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşları güvenlik, dış ve iç politika konularında önemli aktörlerden biri haline gelmiştir. Rapor ve önerileri sınırlı sayıda da olsa ülke gündemini etkilemekte ve olumlu –olumsuz eleştirilerin konusu olabilmektedir. Bu makale, toplumsal kesimlerin entelektüel temelde varlık göstermeye çaba gösterdikleri bir temsil alanı haline gelen düşünce kuruluşlarını incelemektedir. Makalenin kapsamı sivil toplum temelli düşünce kuruluşları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışma, temelde teorik olarak yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca sınırlı sayıda düşünce kuruluşu temsilcileri ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda sivil temelli 55 düşünce kuruluşu, bu kuruluşların coğrafi ve tarihsel yığılma durumları tespit edilmiştir. Bu düşünce kuruluşlarının farklı toplumsal kesimlere düşünsel temelde kendini sunum imkânı sağladığı ve bu doğrultuda özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren etki ve nüfuzlarını arttırdıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Türk ve Alman Üniversitelerinde Yabancı Dil Olarak Almanca Öğretmenliği Programlarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ÜSTÜN Bilal , DEREGÖZÜ Aysel
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye ve Almanya’nın Almanca öğretmenliği programlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç kapsamında, iki ülkenin Yabancı Dil Olarak Almanca Öğretmenliği programları incelenmiştir. Almanya’da ortak bir program bulunmamasından ve eyaletler arasında farklılıklar olmasından dolayı örnek olarak PH Freiburg Üniversitesi’nde uygulanan eğitim programı esas alınmıştır. Çalışmada, doküman analizi yöntemiyle içerik analizi yapılmıştır. İçerik analizi ile Almanca öğretmenliği eğitim programları, öğrenci seçme sistemi, müfredat ve mezuniyet koşulları açısından incelenmiş, programlar arasında benzerlik ve farklılıklar irdelenmiştir. İki ülkede uygulanan eğitim programlarındaki benzerliklerin yanı sıra farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenci seçme sisteminde farklılık, Türkiye’de merkezi sınavla öğrenci kabul edilirken, Almanya’da bireysel başvurudan kaynaklanmaktadır. Müfredatta ise, toplam Ects kredi sayısı, ders süresi ve eğitim süresi açısından farklılıkların olduğu görülmektedir. Mezuniyet koşullarında farklılık, Türkiye’de dersleri başarılı şekilde geçmek yeterli görülmesi, Almanya’da bitirme tezi ve heyet önünde ders anlatımı koşulundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de, öğrenci kabul koşullarının gözden geçirilmesi ve mezuniyet şartları arasına öğretmenlik becerilerinin ispat edilmesi koşulunun eklenmesi önerilmektedir.
Seasonal Variation in Mycological Quality of Air Environment Around a Major Market Along East-West Road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors: Richard Glory , Rebecca Aseibai Ebinyo
Published: March 2021

The distribution of bio-aerosols in diverse environments is a major concern to aero-microbiologists and environmentalists in general. The study evaluated the mycological quality of the air environment around a market along East-West road in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Petri dish containing sterile Potatoes dextrose agar was exposed for 10 minutes around a market along East-West road in Bayelsa state at a height of 1 meter. The density and diversity of the isolates were determined following standard mycological procedures. The density of the fungi–aerosols ranged from 0.0073 - 0.0268 CFU/min-m2 and was statistical higher in dry (November, January and March) compared to wet (May, July and September) seasons, an indication of seasonal influence. A total of 11 fungi species were recorded with 5 predominant species viz Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium chlamydosporum and Penicillium species (occurring in ≥66.67% of the study months), while 6 species, Aspergillus lentulus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Microsporum canis and Mucor species are opportunistic occurring in ≤50% of the study months). Most fungi species are found in the soil, and are known to produce toxins and cause diseases. There is need for a concerted effort by local government authorities via its agencies to sensitize people on proper hygiene practices around markets.
Maternal Beslenmenin Yavrular Üzerine Etkileri: Fetal Programlama ve Epigenetik Mekanizmalar
Authors: Arslan Sabriye , Yıldıran Hilal
Published: March 2021

Maternal beslenme birçok bulaşıcı olmayan kronik hastalığın gelişiminde belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Gebelik boyunca maternal beslenme durumu programlanmada değişikliklere neden olup yetişkin dönem hastalıklarının gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Plasenta yetmezliği, glukokortikoidlere maruz kalma, beslenme yetersizlikleri ya da fazlalıkları ve stres gibi çeşitli perinatal sorunlar ile birlikte maternal intestinal mikrobiyom fetusun/yavrunun gelişimini değiştirerek kronik bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların oluşmasında yatkınlığa yol açabilir. Aynı zamanda gebelik sürecince yapılan beslenme müdahaleleri, programlama sürecinin tersine çevrilerek bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların önlenmesini amaçlayan yeni stratejilerin oluşturabilmesi için çok değerlidir. Fetal gelişim sırasında gen ekspresyonu epigenetik mekanizmalardan etkilenebilir. Özellikle deoksiribonükleik asit metilasyonunda rol alan genlerin epigenetik modifikasyonları, histon modifikasyonları ve mikroRNA’lar hayatın sonraki dönemlerinde metabolik hastalıkların gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu derlemede epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve hayvan modellerinden elde edilen veriler ışığında maternal beslenmenin fetal programlama üzerine etkilerinin altında yatan mekanizmalardan biri olan epigenetik mekanizmalar ele alınmıştır.
Problems Encountered by Mathematics and Science Teachers in Classrooms where Syrian Students under Temporary Protection Status are Educated and Suggestions for Solution
Authors: KAYA Deniz , OK Gökçe
Published: March 2021

In this study, problems encountered by mathematics and science teachers in classrooms where Syrian students under temporary protection status and suggestions for solution to these problems were examined. A case study was used among qualitative research methods. 30 volunteer mathematics and science teachers from three state middle schools in the 2018-2019 academic year have attended the study in which criterion sampling was preferred. In the study where a semi-structured interview form was utilized, evaluation of the data was done through content analysis. As the result of this study, it was determined that Syrian students have problems particularly language and communication problems which are stemming from behavioral, parenting, economic, legislative, and their past lives. Underlying the problems encountered by mathematics and science teachers in their lessons is the Syrian students' not having sufficient language skills and having difficulties in perception and learning. Incompatibility of the curriculum, parents' perspective on education, having difficulties in dealing with problems and lack of materials are among the issues that teachers have problems in. The difficulty acquisition levels and course contents, the level difference between students, and the lack of training in the subjects are among the most common problems encountered by teachers in terms of the dimension of the curriculum. The suggestions of mathematics and science teachers are for the students and families to overcome the language problem, increasing the supplementary courses, providing material support, and providing support for the education of the families.