bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of motor representations after paralysis
Authors: Guan Charles , Aflalo Tyson , Zhang Carey Y , Amoruso Elena , Rosario Emily R , Pouratian Nader , Andersen Richard A
Published: September 2022

Neural plasticity allows us to learn skills and incorporate new experiences. What happens when our lived experiences fundamentally change, such as after a severe injury? To address this question, we analyzed intracortical population activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of a tetraplegic adult as she controlled a virtual hand through a brain–computer interface (BCI). By attempting to move her fingers, she could accurately drive the corresponding virtual fingers. Neural activity during finger movements exhibited robust representational structure similar to fMRI recordings of able-bodied individuals’ motor cortex, which is known to reflect able-bodied usage patterns. The finger representational structure was consistent throughout multiple sessions, even though the structure contributed to BCI decoding errors. Within individual BCI movements, the representational structure was dynamic, first resembling muscle activation patterns and then resembling the anticipated sensory consequences. Our results reveal that motor representations in PPC reflect able-bodied motor usage patterns even after paralysis, and BCIs can re-engage these stable representations to restore lost motor functions.
DNA methylome combined with chromosome cluster-oriented analysis provides an early signature for cutaneous melanoma aggressiveness
Authors: Carrier Arnaud , Desjobert Cécile , Ponger Loic , Lamant Laurence , Bustos Matias , Torres-Ferreira Jorge , Henrique Rui , Jeronimo Carmen , Lanfrancone Luisa , Delmas Audrey , Favre Gilles , Daunay Antoine , Busato Florence , Hoon Dave SB , Tost Jorg , Etievant Chantal , Riond Joëlle , Arimondo Paola B
Published: September 2022

Aberrant DNA methylation is a well-known feature of tumours and has been associated with metastatic melanoma. However, since melanoma cells are highly heterogeneous, it has been challenging to use affected genes to predict tumour aggressiveness, metastatic evolution, and patients’ outcomes. We hypothesized that common aggressive hypermethylation signatures should emerge early in tumorigenesis and should be shared in aggressive cells, independent of the physiological context under which this trait arises. We compared paired melanoma cell lines with the following properties: (i) each pair comprises one aggressive counterpart and its parental cell line and (ii) the aggressive cell lines were each obtained from different host and their environment (human, rat, and mouse), though starting from the same parent cell line. Next, we developed a multi-step genomic pipeline that combines the DNA methylome profile with a chromosome cluster-oriented analysis. A total of 229 differentially hypermethylated genes was commonly found in the aggressive cell lines. Genome localization analysis revealed hypermethylation peaks and clusters, identifying eight hypermethylated gene promoters for validation in tissues from melanoma patients. Five Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpGs) identified in primary melanoma tissues were transformed into a DNA methylation score that can predict survival (log-rank test, p=0.0008). This strategy is potentially universally applicable to other diseases involving DNA methylation alterations.
Estuarine microbial networks and relationships vary between environmentally distinct communities
Authors: Anderson Sean R. , Harvey Elizabeth L.
Published: September 2022

Microbial interactions have profound impacts on biodiversity, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem functioning, and yet, they remain poorly understood in the ocean and with respect to changing environmental conditions. We applied hierarchical clustering of an annual 16S and 18S amplicon dataset in the Skidaway River Estuary, which revealed two similar clusters for prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) and protists: Cluster 1 (March-May and November-February) and Cluster 2 (June-October). We constructed co-occurrence networks from each cluster to explore how microbial networks and relationships vary between environmentally distinct periods in the estuary. Cluster 1 communities were exposed to significantly lower temperature, sunlight, NO3, and SiO4; only NH4 was higher at this time. Several network properties (e.g., edge number, degree, and centrality) were elevated for networks constructed with Cluster 1 vs. 2 samples. There was also evidence that microbial nodes in Cluster 1 were more connected (e.g., higher edge density and lower path length) compared to Cluster 2, though opposite trends were observed when networks considered Prokaryote-Protist edges only. The number of Prokaryote-Prokaryote and Prokaryote-Protist edges increased by >100% in the Cluster 1 network, mainly involving Flavobacteriales, Rhodobacterales, Peridiniales, and Cryptomonadales associated with each other and other microbial groups (e.g., SAR11, Bacillariophyta, and Strombidiida). Several Protist-Protist associations, including Bacillariophyta correlated with Syndiniales (Dino-Groups I and II) and an Unassigned Dinophyceae group, were more prevalent in Cluster 2. Based on the type and sign of associations that increased in Cluster 1, our findings indicate that mutualistic, competitive, or predatory relationships may have been more representative among microbes when conditions were less favorable in the estuary; however, such relationships require further exploration and validation in the field and lab. Coastal networks may also be driven by shifts in the abundance of certain taxonomic or functional groups. Sustained monitoring of microbial communities over environmental gradients, both spatial and temporal, is critical to predict microbial dynamics and biogeochemistry in future marine ecosystems.
On the Comparison of Adam-Bashforth and Adam Moulton Methods for Non-Stiff Differential Equations
Authors: Nnamdi Osakwe Charles , Adelaja Olobayo Solomon , Johnson Omowo Babajide
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the comparison of the two Adams methods using extrapolation for the best method suitable for the approximation of the solutions. The two methods (Adams Moulton and Adams Bashforth) of step k = 3 to k = 4 are considered and their equations derived. The extrapolation points, order, error constant, stability regions were also derived for the steps. More importantly, the consistency and zero stability are also investigated and finally, the derived equations are used to solve some non-stiff differential equations for best in efficiency and accuracy.
Evaluation of Textbook Outcome as a Composite Quality Measure of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Lucocq James , Scollay John , Patil Pradeep
Published: September 2022

Importance

A textbook outcome (TO) is a composite quality measure that incorporates multiple perioperative events to reflect the most desirable outcome. The use of TO increases the event rate, captures more outcomes to reflect patient experience, and can be used as a benchmark for quality improvement.

Objectives

To introduce the concept of TO to elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), propose the TO criteria, and identify characteristics associated with TO failure.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was performed at 3 surgical units in a single health board in the United Kingdom. Participants included all patients undergoing elective LC between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2020. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The TO criteria were defined based on review of existing TO metrics in the literature for other surgical procedures. A TO was defined as an unremarkable elective LC without conversion to open cholecystectomy, subtotal cholecystectomy, intraoperative complication, postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥2), postoperative imaging, postoperative intervention, prolonged length of stay (>2 days), readmission within 100 days, or mortality. The rate of TOs was reported. Reasons for TO failure were reported, and preoperative characteristics were compared between TO and TO failure groups using both univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regressions.

Results

A total of 2166 patients underwent elective LC (median age, 54 [range, 13-92] years; 1579 [72.9%] female). One thousand eight hundred fifty-one patients (85.5%) achieved a TO with an unremarkable perioperative course. Reasons for TO failure (315 patients [14.5%]) included conversion to open procedure (25 [7.9%]), subtotal cholecystectomy (59 [18.7%]), intraoperative complications (40 [12.7%]), postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥2; 92 [29.2%]), postoperative imaging (182 [57.8%]), postoperative intervention (57 [18.1%]), prolonged length of stay (>2 days; 142 [45.1%]), readmission (130 [41.3%]), and mortality (1 [0.3%]). Variables associated with TO failure included increasing American Society of Anesthesiologists score (odds ratio [OR], 2.55 [95 CI, 1.69-3.85]; P < .001), increasing number of prior biliary-related admissions (OR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.36-5.27]; P = .004), acute cholecystitis (OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.08-1.85]; P = .01), preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.46-2.92]; P < .001), and preoperative cholecystostomy (OR, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.54-6.76]; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that applying the concept of TO to elective LC provides a benchmark to identify suboptimal patterns of care and enables institutions to identify strategies for quality improvement.
Network‐Nanostructured ZIF‐8 to Enable Percolation for Enhanced Gas Transport
Authors: Lee Hyunhee , Chi Won Seok , Lee Moon Joo , Zhang Ke , Edhaim Fatima , Mizrahi Rodriguez Katherine , DeWitt Stephen J. A. , Smith Zachary P.
Published: September 2022

Membrane‐based separations offer energy‐efficient solutions for various applications, but commercial polymer membranes show limited performance and stability. Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs), incorporating nanoporous inorganic materials in polymer matrices, have been of great interest to circumvent these polymer‐specific issues. However, reaching the percolation threshold is crucial to leverage high‐performing inorganic phases fully, yet the traditional sphere‐like nanofillers require high loadings that easily result in agglomerations and non‐selective defects. Here, a branch‐shaped zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) nanoparticle is synthesized where its unique morphology automatically interconnects, readily forming percolated networks within the polymer matrix at loadings as low as 20 wt.%. Because of the high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios of branched ZIF‐8 (BZ), strong polymer–particle interactions suppress polymer chain dynamics and the rotation of the ZIF‐8 ligand. This interphase confinement results in enhanced membrane stability and a smaller diffusion cut‐off than traditional ZIF‐8. With pre‐connected diffusion pathways and confined ZIF pores, BZ MMMs significantly outperformed MMMs with sphere‐like ZIF‐8 for H2‐based separations. Overall, the findings provide a novel approach to enhance filler effects in MMMs even at low loadings without any alignment, which can enable the development of advanced membranes in fields where percolation is desired, including separations, sensors, conductors, and batteries.
Unique Role of GeO2 as a Noninvasive Promoter of Nano‐Sized Zeolite Crystals
Authors: Parmar Deependra , Mallette Adam J. , Yang Taimin , Zou Xiaodong , Rimer Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis of zeolites with nano‐sized dimensions is often limited to a narrow design space that conventionally relies upon the design of organics to direct hierarchical materials. Here, it is demonstrated that the addition of an inorganic modifier, germanium oxide (GeO2), to a zeolite growth mixture directs the formation of crystals with ultrasmall dimensions. This effect is observed for zeolites ZSM‐11 and ZSM‐5 over a range of synthesis conditions wherein the role of GeO2 in zeolite crystallization deviates from its typical function as a heteroatom. Notably, the final products contain trace amounts of Ge, which indicates the inorganic modifier does not compete for sites in the zeolite framework based on its formation of a discrete phase that enables GeO2 recovery. Catalytic tests using the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons reaction reveal significant enhancement in the performance of zeolite catalysts prepared with GeO2 compared to reported examples of nano‐sized zeolites. These findings highlight a potentially generalizable and commercially viable synthesis method to reduce mass‐transport limitations in zeolites for diverse applications.
Adverse heat‐health outcomes and critical environmental limits (Pennsylvania State University Human Environmental Age Thresholds project)
Authors: Wolf S. Tony , Vecellio Daniel J. , Kenney W. Larry
Published: September 2022

Background

The earth's climate is warming and the frequency, duration, and severity of heat waves are increasing. Meanwhile, the world's population is rapidly aging. Epidemiological data demonstrate exponentially greater increases in morbidity and mortality during heat waves in adults ≥65 years. Laboratory data substantiate the mechanistic underpinnings of age‐associated differences in thermoregulatory function. However, the specific combinations of environmental conditions (i.e., ambient temperature and absolute/relative humidity) above which older adults are at increased risk of heat‐related morbidity and mortality are less clear.

Methods

This review was conducted to (1) examine the recent (past 3 years) literature regarding heat‐related morbidity and mortality in the elderly and discuss projections of future heat‐related morbidity and mortality based on climate model data, and (2) detail the background and unique methodology of our ongoing laboratory‐based projects aimed toward identifying the specific environmental conditions that result in elevated risk of heat illness in older adults, and the implications of using the data toward the development of evidence‐based safety interventions in a continually‐warming climate (PSU HEAT; Human Environmental Age Thresholds).

Results

The recent literature demonstrates that extreme heat continues to be increasingly detrimental to the health of the elderly and that this is apparent across the world, although the specific environmental conditions above which older adults are at increased risk of heat‐related morbidity and mortality remain unclear.

Conclusion

Characterizing the environmental conditions above which risk of heat‐related illnesses increase remains critical to enact policy decisions and mitigation efforts to protect vulnerable people during extreme heat events.
Identifying factors for poorer educational outcomes that may be exacerbated by COVID‐19: A systematic review focussing on at‐risk school children and adolescents
Authors: Coles Laetitia , Johnstone Melissa , Pattinson Cassandra , Thorpe Karen , Van Halen Olivia , Zheng Zhaoxi , Bayliss Olivia , Lakeman Nicole , Western Mark , Povey Jenny , Staton Sally
Published: September 2022

School closures across Australia in response to COVID‐19 have persisted since 2020, with rising mental health problems in children and adolescents, alongside rising negative family health and socioeconomic outcomes. Further, some children and young people who were already experiencing disadvantage pre‐pandemic may be at heightened risk of poorer educational outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify the factors for poorer educational outcomes that may be exacerbated by COVID‐19 amongst disadvantaged school students. Key development stages of disadvantage were identified: young children who started school behind, older students already at risk of disengagement from school and children and young people who have had contact with the child protection system. Five databases were systematically searched, across two search periods. A total of 69 Australian, peer‐reviewed articles, published in 2005–2021, examining risk factors for poor educational outcomes for children attending school met the inclusion criteria and were included in final analyses. Our findings provide evidence of key risk factors that make these populations susceptible to worsening outcomes resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic, and of the critical importance of ongoing research to guide policy and practice support for these at‐risk groups.
Cysteine‐Assisted Click‐Chemistry for Proximity‐Driven, Site‐Specific Acetylation of Histones
Authors: Afonso Cláudia F. , Marques Marta C. , António João P. M. , Cordeiro Carlos , Gois Pedro M. P. , Cal Pedro M. S. D. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: September 2022

Post‐translational modifications of histones are essential in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. Among these modifications, lysine acetylation is one of the most established. Earlier studies relied on the use of chromatin containing heterogeneous mixtures of histones acetylated at multiple sites. Differentiating the individual contribution of single acetylation events towards chromatin regulation is thus of great relevance. However, it is difficult to access homogeneous samples of histones, with a single acetylation, in sufficient quantities for such studies. By engineering histone H3 with a cysteine in proximity of the lysine of interest, we demonstrate that conjugation with maleimide‐DBCO followed by a strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction results in the acetylation of a single lysine in a controlled, site‐specific manner. The chemical precision offered by our click‐to‐acetylate approach will facilitate access to and the study of acetylated histones.
Perfekt Isotaktisches Polypropylen nach In Situ Aktivierung von Ultrarigiden meso Hafnocenen
Authors: Stieglitz Lucas , Lenz Tim M. , Saurwein Andreas , Rieger Bernhard
Published: September 2022

Für über 40 Jahre basierte die Synthese von racemischen C2‐symmetrischen indenyl‐Metallocenen für die isospezifische Polymerisation von Propylen auf einer sehr aufwändigen Trennung der beiden hergestellten rac und meso Isomere. Bis heute gelten letztere als unerwünscht, da sie ataktisches Polypropylen (aPP) anstatt isotaktischem Polypropylen (iPP) produzieren, wenn sie mit Methylaluminoxan (MAO) aktiviert werden. Überraschenderweise lieferte die in situ Aktivierung des meso Hafnocens I perfekt isotaktisches Polypropylen. Über Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie (NMR) konnten wir eine Isomerisierung der meso Verbindung zur entsprechenden rac Verbindung nach Zugabe von Triisobutylaluminum (TIBA) nachweisen und ein praktisches Polymerisationsprotokoll etablieren, welches vergleichbare Produktivitäten für reines meso‐I und Isomerengemische verglichen mit reinem rac‐I lieferte. Durch dieses Isomerisierungsprotokoll wurde die potentielle Ausbeute an iPP um mehr als 400 % gesteigert. Es wurde gezeigt, dass dieses Protokoll auf weitere meso Verbindungen anwendbar ist und erste mechanistische Einblicke wurden erhalten.
The synergy between nucleotide biosynthesis inhibitors and antiviral nucleosides: New opportunities against viral infections?
Authors: de Mariz e Miranda Leandro S.
Published: September 2022

5ʹ‐Phosphorylated nucleoside derivatives are molecules that can be found in all living organisms and viruses. Over the last century, the development of structural analogs that could disrupt the transcription and translation of genetic information culminated in the development of clinically relevant anticancer and antiviral drugs. However, clinically effective broad‐spectrum antiviral compounds or treatments are lacking. This viewpoint proposes that molecules that inhibit nucleotide biosynthesis may sensitize virus‐infected cells toward direct‐acting antiviral nucleosides. Such potentially synergistic combinations might allow the repurposing of drugs, leading to the development of new combination therapies.
Association of Modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index Attainment With Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes: A Five‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Connelly Kathryn , Kandane‐Rathnayake Rangi , Hoi Alberta , Louthrenoo Worawit , Hamijoyo Laniyati , Luo Shue Fen , Wu Yeong‐Jian Jan , Cho Jiacai , Lateef Aisha , Lau CS , Chen Yi‐Hsing , Navarra Sandra , Zamora Leonid , Li Zhanguo , An Yuan , Sockalingam Sargunan , Hao Yanjie , Zhang Zhuoli , Chan Madelynn , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Harigai Masayoshi , Oon Shereen , Bae Sang‐Cheol , O'Neill Sean , Gibson Kathryn A. , Basnayake BMDB , Kikuchi Jun , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Ng Kristine Pek Ling , Tugnet Nicola , Kumar Sunil , Goldblatt Fiona , Law Annie , Tee Michael , Tee Cherica , Tanaka Yoshiya , Ohkubo Naoaki , Tan Jin Yu , Karyekar Chetan S. , Nikpour Mandana , Golder Vera , Morand Eric F.
Published: September 2022

Objective

In trials of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the SLE Responder Index (SRI) is the most commonly used primary efficacy end point but has limited validation against long‐term outcomes. We aimed to investigate associations of attainment of a modified version of the SRI (mSRI) with key clinical outcomes in SLE patients with up to 5 years of follow‐up.

Methods

We used data from a large multicenter, longitudinal SLE cohort in which patients received standard of care. The first visit with active disease (defined as SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI‐2K] score ≥6) was designated as baseline, and mSRI attainment (defined as a reduction in SLEDAI‐2K ≥4 points with no worsening in physician global assessment ≥0.3 points) was determined at annual intervals from baseline up to 5 years. Associations between mSRI attainment and outcomes including disease activity, glucocorticoid dose, flare, damage accrual, Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS), and remission were studied.

Results

We included 2,060 patients, with a median baseline SLEDAI‐2K score of 8. An mSRI response was attained by 56% of patients at 1 year, with similar responder rates seen at subsequent annual time points. Compared to nonresponders, mSRI responders had significantly lower disease activity and prednisolone dose and higher proportions of LLDAS and remission attainment at each year, and less damage accrual at years 2 and 3. Furthermore, mSRI responder status at 1 year predicted clinical benefit at subsequent years across most outcomes, including damage accrual (odds ratio [OR] range 0.58–0.69, P < 0.05 for damage accrual ORs at all time points).

Conclusion

In SLE patients with active disease receiving standard of care, mSRI attainment predicts favorable outcomes over long‐term follow‐up, supporting the clinical meaningfulness of SRI attainment as an SLE trial end point.
Multistate modeling and structure selection for multitype recurrent events and terminal event data
Authors: Ma Chuoxin , Wang Chunyu , Pan Jianxin
Published: September 2022

In cardiovascular disease studies, a large number of risk factors are measured but it often remains unknown whether all of them are relevant variables and whether the impact of these variables is changing with time or remains constant. In addition, more than one kind of cardiovascular disease events can be observed in the same patient and events of different types are possibly correlated. It is expected that different kinds of events are associated with different covariates and the forms of covariate effects also vary between event types. To tackle these problems, we proposed a multistate modeling framework for the joint analysis of multitype recurrent events and terminal event. Model structure selection is performed to identify covariates with time‐varying coefficients, time‐independent coefficients, and null effects. This helps in understanding the disease process as it can detect relevant covariates and identify the temporal dynamics of the covariate effects. It also provides a more parsimonious model to achieve better risk prediction. The performance of the proposed model and selection method is evaluated in numerical studies and illustrated on a real dataset from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Machine learning approaches to root cause analysis, characterization, and monitoring of subvisible particles in monoclonal antibody formulations
Authors: Greenblott David N. , Zhang Jingtao , Calderon Christopher P. , Randolph Theodore W.
Published: September 2022

Processing stresses on therapeutic proteins may cause formation of subvisible particles. Different stress mechanisms generate particle populations with characteristic morphological “fingerprints,” and machine learning techniques like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) allow classification of microscopy images of these particles according to known stresses at their root cause. Using CNNs to classify novel particle types not included during network training may lead to inaccurate classification, however, using CNNs to monitor the presence of particulate matter not explicitly used in training could serve as a useful process analytical technology. We used CNNs to classify and identify the root cause of particles generated by subjecting three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to various common manufacturing stresses. We probed the generality of particles generated by stressing different mAbs in different formulations and showed that CNN analyses were sensitive not only to the applied stress, but also the buffer conditions and the particular mAb that generated particle populations. Thus, models trained on images of particles created with one mAb and buffer system may not provide accurate root cause analysis when applied to particles generated by other mAb and buffer systems. A lever‐rule analysis of CNN‐derived fingerprints was used to characterize the composition of mixtures of particle types. Finally, we monitored the temporal evolution of CNN‐derived fingerprints when novel populations of particles, which were not included during training, were generated by pumping mAb solutions through a peristaltic pump.
Vaspin accelerates the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of Triple‐Negative breast cancer through MiR‐33a‐5p/ABHD2
Authors: Cao Xin‐Hui , Chen Xiu , Yang Kai , Wang Ya‐Lin , Liang Ming‐Xing , Fei Yin‐Jiao , Tang Jin‐Hai
Published: September 2022

Objective

To explore the influence and the underlying mechanism of vaspin (visceral adipose tissue‐derived serpin) on the development of triple‐negative breast malignancy.

Methods

First, we analyzed medical records and screened out 22 breast cancer patients with different BMI according to inclusion and exclusion criterion, and measured serum vaspin of those patients. Then we studied the effects of vaspin on TNBC cell lines by using EdU assay, colony formation, transwell and wound‐healing assay. Later, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify downstream effectors and verify with qRT‐PCR, luciferase assay, western blot, etc.

Results

We found the vaspin level was positively correlated with BMI in breast malignant patients and vaspin could significantly enhance the proliferation, infiltration and transferring of triple‐negative breast cancer cells by restraining the expression of miR‐33a‐5p. By using bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assay, we identified miR‐33a‐5p directly regulating ABHD2.

Conclusion

Vaspin, as a cancer‐promoting cytokine, may inhibit miR‐33a‐5p thus increasing the level of ABHD2 to promote the development of the triple‐negative breast cancer.
Semi‐Quantitative Discrimination of Honey Adulterated with Cane Sugar Solution by an ETongue
Authors: Dias Luís G. , Bruni Andressa R. S. , Anizelli Camilla P. , Zangirolami Marcela , Lima Patrícia C. , Estevinho Leticia M. , Bona Evandro
Published: September 2022

This study successfully applied a potentiometric E‐tongue with 20 cross‐selectivity lipidic polymeric membranes in the discrimination of three semi‐quantitative groups, that represented the following intervals of honey adulteration percentage with cane sugar: 0 %; [0, 10]%; [10, 20]% of adulteration. We analysed five different types of Portuguese honey; five brands of cane sugar were added to the adulterated samples; a comparative analysis was then performed. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with a tabu search algorithm for feature selection was applied to the ETongue's analytical data to select the best model. A discriminant model with 12 sensors was obtained. This model classified correctly all samples in both in internal (train data, 15 samples) and external validation (test data,10 samples). Also, multiple linear regression with tabu search was applied to verify if ETongue's data would allow quantifying the honey's adulteration level. The results showed that it was possible to obtain a quantitative model but with unsatisfactory predictive performance in the test data group (external validation), giving, in general, values below the expected concentrations. E‐tongue is a real‐time green, flexible and low‐cost analytical tool that requires minimum sample preparation and no special technical skills, being a promising tool for everyday application.
Massive hematochezia due to jejunal varices successfully treated with coil embolization
Authors: Nasr Sahar , Dahmani Wafa , Jaziri Hanene , Becheikh Yesser , Ameur Wafa Ben , Elleuch Nour , Jmaa Ali
Published: September 2022

We report a case of hematochezia with hemodynamic instability due to jejunal varices in a cirrhotic patient with no prior history of surgery. The patient was managed with coil embolization via the portal vein. After which, the patient did not present any hemorrhage recurrence and maintained a stable hemoglobin level.
Adsorptive Removal of Daunorubicin from Water by Graphene Oxide, Activated Carbon, and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Ghodrati Atefeh , Shahrouzi Javad Rahbar , Nemati Ramin , Pourjafari Neda
Published: September 2022

The adsorption of anticancer drug daunorubicin from aqueous solution by carbonaceous adsorbents was investigated. The adsorption performances of graphene oxide (GO), activated carbon (AC), and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were compared. The effects of solution pH, contact time, and initial daunorubicin concentration on the removal of daunorubicin were explored. Isotherm and kinetic models were applied to predict the efficiency of the adsorbents. The major functional groups of the adsorbents were identified by FTIR spectroscopy. In alkaline medium, adsorption increases with increasing pH value. With increasing initial concentration, adsorption capacity increases and removal efficiency decreases. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo‐second‐order model describes adsorption onto GO well, whereas the intraparticle diffusion model gives the best fits for AC and MWCNTs. The adsorption isotherm fits the Langmuir model very well.
STED analysis reveals the organization of nonmuscle muscle II, muscle myosin II, and F‐actin in nascent myofibrils
Authors: Wang Jushuo , Fan Yingli , Sanger Jean M. , Sanger Joseph W.
Published: September 2022

A three‐step model has been proposed to describe myofibril assembly in vertebrate cardiac and skeletal muscle cells beginning with premyofibrils, followed by nascent myofibrils, and ending as mature myofibrils (reviewed in Sanger, Wang, et al. (2017). Assembly and maintenance of myofibrils in striated muscle. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 235, 39–75; Wang, Fan, (2020). Myofibril assembly and the roles of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Cytoskeleton 77, 456–479). Premyofibrils are composed of minisarcomeres that contain nonmuscle myosin II filaments interdigitating with actin filaments embedded at their barbed ends in muscle‐specific alpha‐actinin‐rich Z‐bodies. Sarcomeres in mature myofibrils have filaments of muscle myosin II that interact with actin filaments that are attached to muscle alpha‐actinin in Z‐bands. Nascent myofibrils, the transitional step between premyofibrils and mature myofibrils, possess two types of myosins II, that is, nonmuscle myosin II and muscle myosin II. The relationship of these two different myosins II in nascent myofibrils, however, is not clear. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopic analyses of nascent myofibrils in both embryonic chick cardiomyocytes, and hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes revealed that nonmuscle myosin II is in the middle of the nascent myofibril, surrounded by overlapping muscle myosin II filaments at the periphery, and non‐striated filamentous actin is present in the nascent myofibril. These findings support the original three‐step model of myofibril assembly proposed by Rhee, Sanger, and Sanger, (1994). The premyofibrils: Evidence for its role in myofibrillogenesis. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 28, 1–24.
Cancer risk associated with cytomegalovirus infection among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States
Authors: Geris Jennifer M. , Spector Logan G. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Limaye Ajit P. , Yu Kelly J. , Engels Eric A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is among the most common viral infections after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Associations of CMV with cancer risk among SOT recipients have been incompletely evaluated.

Methods

The authors used linked data from the US SOT registry and 32 cancer registries. Poisson regression was used to compare cancer incidence across CMV risk groups based on donor (D) and recipient (R) immunoglobulin G (IgG) serostatus: high risk (R‐negative/D‐positive), moderate risk (R‐positive), and low risk (R‐negative/D‐negative).

Results

In total, 247,318 SOT recipients were evaluated during 2000–2017 (R‐negative/D‐positive, 20.3%; R‐positive, 62.9%; R‐negative/D‐negative, 16.8%). CMV‐seropositive recipients were older, more racially/ethnically diverse, and had lower socioeconomic status than CMV‐seronegative recipients. Compared with R‐negative/D‐negative recipients, recipients in the R‐negative/D‐positive and R‐positive groups had a lower incidence of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL; R‐negative/D‐positive: adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.91; R‐positive: aIRR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69–1.00). CMV serostatus modified the association between Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status and DLBCL (p = .0006): DLBCL incidence was increased for EBV R‐negative/D‐positive recipients (aIRR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.50–7.95) among CMV R‐negative/D‐negative recipients but not among the other CMV risk groups. Compared with recipients who were CMV R‐negative/D‐negative, those who were R‐negative/D‐positive had a lower incidence of small intestine cancer (aIRR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09–0.63), and R‐positive recipients had a higher incidence of lung cancer (aIRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.46). CMV status was not associated with risk for other cancers.

Conclusions

CMV status was not associated with risk for most cancers among SOT recipients. The inverse association with DLBCL may reflect the protective effects of CMV prophylaxis or treatment with off‐target efficacy against EBV infection (the major cause of lymphoma in SOT recipients).
Binary Mixtures in Linear Convection Arrays
Authors: Ghosh Pulak K. , Zhou Yuxin , Li Yunyun , Marchesoni Fabio , Nori Franco
Published: September 2022

We numerically investigated the dynamics of a mixture of finite‐size active and passive disks in a linear array of two‐dimensional convection rolls. The interplay of advection and steric interactions produces a number of interesting effects, like the stirring of a passive colloidal fluid by a small fraction of slow active particles, or the separation of the mixture active and passive colloidal fractions by increasing the motility of the active one, which eventually clusters in stagnation areas along the array walls. These mechanisms are quantitatively characterized by studying the dependence of the diffusion constants of the active and passive particles on the parameters of the active mixture fraction.
Discovery of pyrazole‐1‐carboxamide derivatives as novel Gi‐biased μ‐opioid receptor agonists
Authors: Jung Jae‐Hoon , Jang In Hee , Kim Yeo Ok , Kim Sunhong , Yoon Myung Ha , Kim Yong‐Chul
Published: September 2022

μ‐Opioid receptor (MOR) Gi‐biased agonists with no recruitment of β‐arrestin were introduced as a new analgesic strategy to overcome the conventional undesirable side effects of opioid receptor‐targeted drugs, such as tolerance, addiction, respiratory depression, and constipation. For the development of novel Gi‐biased MOR agonists, the design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of the aminopyrazole core skeleton were conducted according to the current SAR data of PZM21 (2a) and its derivatives. New derivatives were biologically evaluated for their agonistic effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels for the Gi pathway and β‐arrestin recruitment in MOR/κ‐opioid receptor/δ opioid receptor. An optimized selective Gi‐biased agonist, Compound 17a, was discovered with potent cAMP inhibitory activities, with a 50% efficacy concentration value of 87.1 nM and no activity in the MOR β‐arrestin pathway and other subtypes. The in vivo pain relief efficacy of Compound 17a was confirmed in a dose‐dependent manner with spinal nerve ligation and cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy rodent neuropathic pain models.
Estimating the population size of a mountain galliform in the context of multi‐stakeholder adaptive management
Authors: Calenge Clément , Ménoni Emmanuel , Milhau Blandine , Foulché Kévin , Chiffard Jules , Marchandeau Stéphane
Published: September 2022

We designed a participatory monitoring program for the capercaillie population in the French Pyrenees based on lek censuses conducted during the breeding season. This program was implemented by a consortium of stakeholders interested in the conservation of French galliforms. The program, carried out since 2010, relied on a dual frame sampling approach: The first sampled frame was the list of all known leks in the study area. We distinguished two types of known leks: leks known to be active before the onset of the program (with at least one cock detected since 2000) and leks with an indeterminate activity status at the time of the onset of the program. The monitoring program also accounted for the existence of leks that were unknown due mainly to incomplete expert knowledge. We therefore built a complementary area frame by discretizing the study area into a set of 4‐km2 grid cells. These cells were then sampled and searched to find unknown leks. When unknown leks were found, cock censuses were organized. An additional field experiment allowed us to estimate the detection probability of unknown leks during these cell searches. We then fitted two hierarchical models: (i) An N‐mixture model fitted to the lek census data set allowed us to estimate the mean number of cocks on the three types of leks (known active, known indeterminate, and unknown leks); and (ii) another model fitted to the cell search data set allowed us to estimate the number of unknown leks in the studied mountain range. By multiplying the estimated mean numbers of cocks associated with the three types of leks by the number of leks of each type (an estimated value in the case of unknown leks), we obtained estimates of the total numbers of cocks on all leks at different spatial scales in the study area every 2 years. Our model suggests that the capercaillie cock population was stable from 2010 to 2017 over the whole range but decreased slightly in the foothill area and western part, a decrease that worsened in 2018–2019.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and youth with anorexia nervosa: A retrospective comparative cohort design
Authors: Datta Nandini , Van Wye Eliza , Citron Kyra , Matheson Brittany , Lock James D.
Published: September 2022

Objective

There is a growing body of literature suggesting the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) negatively impacts mental health in individuals self‐reporting an eating disorder (ED); however, limited pediatric data is available about the impact COVID‐19 has had on youth with EDs, specifically Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Our study uses a cross‐sectional design to explore differences in ED symptoms between adolescents diagnosed with AN during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to a retrospective cohort of adolescents for whom these measures were previously collected, prior to the pandemic.

Method

We report cross‐sectional data assessing differences between AN behaviors and cognitions during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared to a retrospective cohort (n = 25 per cohort) assessed before the pandemic.

Results

Results suggest that individuals with a first‐time diagnosis of AN during the pandemic had lower percent expected body weight, and more compulsive exercise behaviors.

Conclusions

These data support existing pediatric findings in exercise and body weight differences in adolescents with AN before and during the pandemic. Findings may be helpful in informing considerations for providers treating ED patients amidst and after the pandemic.

Public Significance

This manuscript compares a retrospective cohort of adolescents diagnosed with AN prior to the pandemic to a cohort of adolescents diagnosed with AN during the pandemic. Results report that adolescents diagnosed with AN during the pandemic have lower weights and increased compensatory exercise behavior compared to adolescents diagnosed with AN before the pandemic despite no difference in length of illness. Findings may be helpful in informing considerations for providers treating ED patients amidst and after the pandemic.
Is hunting nonintentionally selective? A test using game bird capture‐dead recoveries
Authors: Grzegorczyk Emilienne , Bézier Léa , Le‐Rest Kévin , Caizergues Alain , Francesiaz Charlotte , Champagnon Jocelyn , Guillemain Matthieu , Eraud Cyril
Published: September 2022

Selective hunting has various impacts that need to be considered for the conservation and management of harvested populations. The consequences of selective harvest have mostly been studied in trophy hunting and fishing, where selection of specific phenotypes is intentional. Recent studies, however, show that selection can also occur unintentionally. With at least 52 million birds harvested each year in Europe, it is particularly relevant to evaluate the selectivity of hunting on this taxon. Here, we considered 211,806 individuals belonging to 7 hunted bird species to study unintentional selectivity in harvest. Using linear mixed models, we compared morphological traits (mass, wing, and tarsus size) and body condition at the time of banding between birds that were subsequently recovered from hunting during the same year as their banding, and birds that were not recovered. We did not find any patterns showing systematic differences between recovery categories, among our model species, for the traits we studied. Moreover, when a difference existed between recovery categories, it was so small that its biological relevance can be challenged. Hunting of birds in Europe therefore does not show any form of strong selectivity on the morphological and physiological traits that we studied and should hence not lead to any change of these traits either by plastic or by evolutionary response.
The role of big trees and abundant species in driving spatial patterns of species richness in an Australian tropical rainforest
Authors: Murphy Helen T. , Bradford Matt G.
Published: September 2022

Big trees and abundant species dominate forest structure and composition. As a result, their spatial distribution and interactions with other species and individuals may contribute disproportionately to the emergence of spatial heterogeneity in richness patterns. We tested scale‐dependent spatial patterning and species richness structures to understand the role of individual trees (big trees) and species (abundant species) in driving spatial richness patterns on a 25 ha plot in a diverse tropical forest of Australia. The individual species area relationship (ISAR) was used to assess species richness in neighborhoods ranging from 1 to 50 m radii around all big trees (≥70 cm dbh, n = 296) and all species with more than 100 individuals in the plot (n = 53). A crossed ISAR function was also used to compute species richness around big trees for trees of different size classes. Big individuals exert some spatial structuring on other big and mid‐sized trees in local neighborhoods (up to 30 m and 16 m respectively), but not on small trees. While most abundant species were neutral with respect to richness patterns, we identified consistent species‐specific signatures on spatial patterns of richness for 14 of the 53 species. Seven species consistently had higher than expected species richness in their neighborhood (species “accumulators”), and seven had lower than expected (species “repellers”) across all spatial scales. Common traits of accumulators and repeller species suggest that niche partitioning along disturbance gradients is a primary mechanism driving spatial richness patterns, which is then manifested in large‐scale spatial heterogeneity in species distributions across the plot.
Study on the relationship between functional characteristics and environmental factors in karst plant communities
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Limin , Chen Jin , Feng Ling , Li Fangbing , Yu Lifei
Published: September 2022

Environmental factors drive changes in plant functional traits, which in turn promote community recovery. The environmental conditions of the community are different at different recovery stages. Changing environmental factors may drive the changes in plant functional traits at the community level and affect species adaptation. We studied plant communities in five different recovery stages (herb, grass and shrub, shrub, tree and shrub, and tree) in the karst plateau of Zhenning, Guizhou (The vegetation in the study area has undergone a gradual natural recovery process after the forests were deforested in 1958–1960). We studied functional traits and their links to environmental factors. The main results include the following. (1) Over time, plant height, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and leaf phosphorus content increased significantly in the tree stage, while leaf thickness and specific leaf area decreased significantly in the tree stage. (2) Soil organic carbon, soil N content, soil P content, soil C:P and soil C:K showed an increasing trend, and were significantly higher in tree stage than in other stages. Soil potassium content fluctuated and soil bulk density decreased gradually, reaching the lowest value in the tree stage, but the difference was not significant. (3) During the restoration process, the functional characteristics changed from a combination of plant communities with high specific leaf area and low dry matter content with a short plant height to plant communities with low specific leaf area and high dry matter content with a tall plant height. (4) As recovery proceeded, the study area gradually changed from a soil nutrient‐poor environment to a nutrient‐rich environment. Overall, the environmental factors vary greatly during the recovery of plant communities in karst areas. The plant community shifts from an aggressive (resource acquisition) to a conservative (environmental barrenness resistance) ecological strategy. The soil phosphorus content and soil C:K are the main environmental factors affecting the changes in functional traits during the restoration of karst plant communities in Zhenning.