bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hillbillies, Genetic Pathology, and White Ignorance: Repackaging the Culture of Poverty within Color-blindness
Authors: Byrd W. Carson
Published: November 2018

Leading up to and since the 2016 presidential election, a recurring theme focusing on poor whites’ role in carrying the Republican nominee to victory gained further credence with the popularity and wide readership of J. D. Vance’s Hillbilly Elegy. Peddling stereotypes of Appalachia as a white dystopia with a backward mountain culture, the memoir seemingly turned the use of culture-of-poverty arguments on whites themselves. Through an examination of Hillbilly Elegy, its arguments, and its context, the author offers an initial answer to the question of how a memoir perpetuating culture-of-poverty arguments resonates across the political spectrum among whites when a segment of their group is the target of such arguments. The successful repackaging of cultural pathology within color-blindness allows a subversive use of genetic determinism and racial essentialism, selling inequality as a natural phenomenon embedded within inferior bodies. Building on stereotypes of poor white Appalachians as unevolved and “not quite white,” Vance’s memoir provides a cautionary tale of how narratives conforming to the reproductive practices of white ignorance gain popularity through absolving whiteness from complicity in racism and systemic inequalities, while also performing boundary work for whiteness as an identity and structure.
President's Page
Authors: Miller Rick
Published: November 2018

As I return to SEG Board of Directors service after a five-year hiatus, it is obvious that in general a lot has changed within our profession and the industry. Rather than reminiscing about what has changed, I thought I would point out a few things that have stayed the same — things that our Society would benefit from if they did change. One example of needed change in my opinion revolves around a question for which I haven't been able to get a good answer: Why do more nonmembers than members attend our Annual Meeting? This has been the case for many years. Considering the value many put on SEG membership, this might well be a symptom of a nagging ailment that, if remedied, could significantly advance our science and associated profession.
High-resolution acoustic imaging from a borehole to detect a nearby well
Authors: Jervis Michael , Tonellot Thierry , Bakulin Andrey , Ghamdi Ibrahim A.
Published: November 2018

A new imaging application is presented using sonic waveform data for ranging to locate a nearby borehole. The challenge of locating a nearby well from a borehole is commonly addressed with electromagnetic (EM) or passive magnetic ranging methods, which can suffer from poor resolution and penetration and require the presence of a conductive or magnetic casing. In addition, the deeper reading active EM methods do not work well when the two boreholes are orthogonal. In contrast, acoustic imaging requires only an impedance contrast between the target object and the surrounding formation, which is adequately provided by the presence of a fluid-filled borehole, even without casing. Here we use acoustic full-waveform sonic data to identify the location, distance, and direction to a target vertical borehole from a nearby highly deviated observation well. The target borehole was located at a distance of about 9 ft with an accuracy of less than 0.5 ft, which was subsequently confirmed by drilling. In addition, acoustic waveform data made it possible to image up to 100 ft above and below the observation well at a resolution comparable to gamma ray and electric logs from the target well.
Conference Review
Authors: Singleton Scott
Published: November 2018

Faced with the unprecedented collapse of the upstream oil and gas industry in 2015 and 2016, unconventional resource players (operators, service companies, data and software providers, consultants, etc.) have kept a laser focus on improving operational efficiency and financial return. Technology advancements are the foundation for efficiencies, so it was not surprising, now that we are officially in a positive swing of the petroleum economic cycle, that the 2018 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTeC) had its largest ever attendance of 6023. Part of that was due to the conference taking place in Houston with its concentration of oil-and-gas-related companies, which resulted in 2400 attendees using exhibition guest passes. But it also was due to the fact that the founding societies — SEG, the American Associate of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) — have successfully kept URTeC focused on integrated, applications-oriented content. As a result, this year's URTeC had 14 themes that were split into 64 sessions, a number that also included several forums and special sessions, in which more than 300 technical papers were presented.
Estimated Cost of Anticancer Therapy Directed by Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in a Single-Center Study
Authors: Chawla Anita , Janku Filip , Wheler Jennifer J. , Miller Vincent A. , Ryan Jason , Anhorn Rachel , Zhou Zhou , Signorovitch James
Published: November 2018

Purpose

Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) detects several classes of genomic alterations across numerous genes simultaneously and can match more patients with genomically targeted therapies than conventional molecular profiling. The current study estimated the costs of anticancer drugs and overall survival (OS) for patients who were treated with matched and unmatched therapy.

Methods

Costs were estimated for patients with complete data (188 of 500 patients) from a prospective, nonrandomized study of patients with diverse refractory cancers who underwent CGP and were treated with matched or unmatched therapy. We assessed mean time to treatment failure (TTF) and mean observed OS. Patient-specific drug and administration costs were imputed for the first regimen after CGP on the basis of drug classes, unit costs, and time on treatment.

Results

Patients on matched (n = 122) versus unmatched (n = 66) therapy had longer mean TTF (+1.5 months) and observed OS (+2.4 months) and higher drug costs (+$38,065; all P < .01). Increased drug costs were largely attributable to the longer duration of therapy associated with extended TTF (66.3%) rather than higher monthly drug costs (33.7%). Incremental increases in TTF (+1.9 months v +1.2 months) and observed OS (+2.5 months v +2.1 months) between matched and unmatched therapies were larger for those who underwent CGP in earlier- versus later-line therapy. Incremental increases in drug costs between matched and unmatched therapies were lower for earlier- compared with later-line therapy (+$27,000 v +$43,000, respectively).

Conclusion

Matched therapy was associated with longer TTF, increased OS, and manageable incremental cost increases compared with unmatched therapy. Most of these increased costs were a result of the longer duration of therapy rather than higher monthly drug costs. The benefits of matching were numerically greater in earlier versus later lines of therapy, which is consistent with the value of early use of CGP.
Enhanced Activity of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Porous Silica Nanosheets with Wide Size Distributed Mesopores
Authors: Sun Jiao , Zhang Dao , Zhao Wenli , Ji Qingmin , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: November 2018

Optimized pore size is essential for maximizing the encapsulation efficiency of molecules in solid supports. In this work, we prepared porous silica nanosheets with mesopore in the size range from several to dozens of nanometers, which may provide suitable spaces for loading of various molecules. Without any surface modification, the porous silica nanosheets show excellent immobilization capability (27 wt%) of enzymes with large molecular sizes (>10 nm). An enhanced activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the porous silica nanosheets was also achieved in compared with free ADH or ADH in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with average pore size of 12 nm. In addition, this ADH-silica nanosheets system showed effective catalytic performance not only with pure ethanol, but also alcohol drinks with complicated gradients or after relative harsh treatments. The efficient supporting of this inorganic porous structure to enzymes might also lead to its potentials for other biocatalysis, biosensing and enzymatic determination of alcohols etc.
Formal Synthesis of Borrelidin: A Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Access to the Morken’s C2–C12 Intermediate
Authors: Gembus Vincent , Karmazin Lydia , Uguen Daniel , Zoller Thomas
Published: November 2018

In contrast to methyl and isobutyl phenyl sulfone, condensing under basic conditions higher alkyl sulfones and trans-2,3-epoxy-butanol 13c (or its O-benzyl and O-silyl derivatives) proved unfeasible, a difficulty that was overcome by using mono ethers of trans-2,3-epoxy-butane-1,4-diol 35c as the electrophilic reagents. Thus, adding excess BuLi to a mixture of the benzyl ether 35b and sulfone ent-12a, a stereodiad sulfone prepared in pure state from the R-Roche ester, via the O-trityloxy-sulfone ent-12c (X-ray), gave, after elimination by column chromatography of the side-formed regioisomer, a diol-sulfone that was next converted to sulfone 20 by means of conventional functional-group modifications. Reacting likewise this sulfone with the parent O-PMB derivative 35a, and then proceeding to the same purification process and function adjustment, delivered the title fragment in virtually pure state.
Universal Basic Incomes versus Targeted Transfers: Anti-Poverty Programs in Developing Countries
Authors: Hanna Rema , Olken Benjamin A.
Published: November 2018

Of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals articulated by the United Nations, number one is the elimination of extreme poverty by 2030. While future economic growth should continue to reduce poverty, it will not solve the problem by itself; thus, there is a potentially important role for national-level transfer programs that assist poor families in developing countries. Such programs are often run by developing country governments. Many countries have implemented transfer programs that seek to target beneficiaries: that is, to identify who is poor and then to restrict transfers to those individuals. Some people have begun to advocate for “universal basic income” programs, which dispense with trying to identify the poor and instead provide transfers to everyone. We begin by considering the universal basic income as part of the solution to an optimal income-taxation problem, focusing on the case of developing countries, where there is limited income data and inclusion in the formal tax system is low. We examine how the targeting of transfer programs is conducted in these settings, and provide empirical evidence on the tradeoffs involved between universal basic income and targeted transfer schemes using data from Indonesia and Peru—two countries that run nationwide transfer programs that are targeted to the poor. We conclude by linking our findings back to the broader policy debate on what tools should be preferred for redistribution, as well as the practical challenges of administering them in developing countries.
Retrospectives: On the Genius Behind David Ricardo's 1817 Formulation of Comparative Advantage
Authors: Bernhofen Daniel M. , Brown John C.
Published: November 2018

Last year marked the 200th anniversary of Ricardo’s famous “four numbers” paragraph on comparative advantage, which is one of the oldest analytical results in economics. Following the lead of James Mill (1821), these four numbers have been interpreted as unit labor coefficients. This interpretation has provided the basis for the development of the ‘Ricardian model’ from John Stuart Mill (1852) to Eaton and Kortum (2002). However, if we accept the labor unit interpretation of these numbers, Ricardo’s exposition in his 1817 Principles of Political Economy and Taxation makes little logical sense. Building on Sraffa’s (1930) interpretation of Ricardo’s numbers as labor embodied in trade, our discussion reveals the amazing simplicity and generality of Ricardo’s comparative advantage formulation and gains-from-trade logic.
An Economist’s Guide to Climate Change Science
Authors: Hsiang Solomon , Kopp Robert E.
Published: November 2018

This article provides a brief introduction to the physical science of climate change, aimed towards economists. We begin by describing the physics that controls global climate, how scientists measure and model the climate system, and the magnitude of human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide. We then summarize many of the climatic changes of interest to economists that have been documented and that are projected in the future. We conclude by highlighting some key areas in which economists are in a unique position to help climate science advance. An important message from this final section, which we believe is deeply underappreciated among economists, is that all climate change forecasts rely heavily and directly on economic forecasts for the world. On timescales of a half-century or longer, the largest source of uncertainty in climate science is not physics, but economics.
Quantifying Economic Damages from Climate Change
Authors: Auffhammer Maximilian
Published: November 2018

Climate scientists have spent billions of dollars and eons of supercomputer time studying how increased concentrations of greenhouse gases and changes in the reflectivity of the earth’s surface affect dimensions of the climate system relevant to human society: surface temperature, precipitation, humidity, and sea levels. Recent incarnations of physical climate models have become sophisticated enough to be able to simulate intensities and frequencies of some extreme events, like tropical storms, under different warming scenarios. In a stark juxtaposition, the efforts involved in and the public resources targeted at understanding how these physical changes translate into economic impacts are disproportionately smaller, with most of the major models being developed and maintained with little to no public funding support. The goal of this paper is first to shed light on how (mostly) economists have gone about calculating the “social cost of carbon” for regulatory purposes and to provide an overview of the past and currently used estimates. In the second part, I will focus on where empirical economists may have the highest value added in this enterprise: specifically, the calibration and estimation of economic damage functions, which map weather patterns transformed by climate change into economic benefits and damages. A broad variety of econometric methods have recently been used to parameterize the dose (climate) response (economic outcome) functions. The paper seeks to provide an accessible and comprehensive overview of how economists think about parameterizing damage functions and quantifying the economic damages of climate change.
The Cost of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Gillingham Kenneth , Stock James H.
Published: November 2018

Most countries, including the United States, have an array of greenhouse gas mitigation policies, which provide subsidies or restrictions typically aimed at specific technologies or sectors. Such climate policies range from automobile fuel economy standards, to gasoline taxes, to mandating that a certain amount of electricity in a state comes from renewables, to subsidizing solar and wind electrical generation, to mandates requiring the blending of biofuels into the surface transportation fuel supply, to supply-side restrictions on fossil fuel extraction. This paper reviews the costs of various technologies and actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Our aim is twofold. First, we seek to provide an up-to-date summary of costs of actions that can be taken now using currently available technology. These costs focus on expenditures and emissions reductions over the life of a project compared to some business-as-usual benchmark—for example, replacing coal-fired electricity generation with wind, or weatherizing a home. We refer to these costs as static because they are costs over the life of a specific project undertaken now, and they ignore spillovers. Our second aim is to distinguish between dynamic and static costs and to argue that some actions taken today with seemingly high static costs can have low dynamic costs, and vice versa. We make this argument at a general level and through two case studies, of solar panels and of electric vehicles, technologies whose costs have fallen sharply. Under the right circumstances, dynamic effects will offer a justification for policies that have high costs according to a myopic calculation.
Exact Algorithms for Distributionallyβ-Robust Machine Scheduling with Uncertain Processing Times
Authors: Zhang Yuli , Shen Zuo-Jun Max , Song Shiji
Published: November 2018

The β-robust machine scheduling has attracted increasing attention as an effective method to hedge against uncertainty. However, existing β-robust scheduling models rely on the normality assumption of uncertain parameters, and existing solution methods are based on branch and bound, which cannot solve problems of 45 jobs within 3,600 seconds. This paper proposes distributionally β-robust scheduling (DRS) models to handle uncertain processing times. The DRS models only require the lower bound, mean, and covariance information of processing times, and have the capability of handling both single and parallel machine problems. Another key contribution of this paper is to devise efficient parametric search (PS) methods for the DRS models. Specifically, we show that there exists a parameterized assignment problem (PAP), such that its optimal solutions are also optimal for the original problem. The proposed methods only need to perform a one-dimensional PS and solve a series of PAPs. We further propose a bidirectional PS to reduce the number of PAPs needed to be solved, and we design a speedup shortest augmentation path algorithm for these PAPs. Experimental results on both single and identical parallel machine problems show that the improved PS method outperforms existing algorithms by more than three orders of magnitude improvement in computation time for problems of 45 jobs, and it is able to solve problems of 500 jobs within 0.5 seconds.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

The role of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in urinary tract infections is a concern, and identifying the best approach when effective antimicrobial choices are limited is challenging.
The use of antibiotics and antimycotics in otitis
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: November 2018

Ear disease is a common problem in primary care veterinary practice. A clear understanding of the underlying causes of disease, the need to recognise and treat infection effectively and reverse chronic change to the canal, are key to resolving disease and preventing recurrence. Although infection is always secondary to an underlying cause in otitis, failure to treat infection effectively leads to the development and often worsening of chronic change within the ear canal, and an increased risk of recurrent infection. This article discussing the use of antibiotics and antimycotics in otitis is the fourth in a series that addresses some of the most common challenges faced in practice in the management of ear disease.
Ophthalmic examination — detecting aberrant and exotic parasites
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: November 2018

A variety of ocular parasites can be found in the eyes of cats and dogs in the UK. The potential for these to be present must be considered when conducting ophthalmic examinations, and such examinations are an essential part of overall clinical examinations in travelled or imported pets. Ophthalmic examinations also may provide early signs of infection with some other parasites, such as Angiostrongylus vasorum, and of coagulopathies.
Shifting from a blame culture to a learning culture
Authors: Oxtoby Catherine
Published: November 2018

Blame culture refers to the response of clinicians and organisations in the aftermath of professional mistakes. It reduces the reporting of errors, and the subsequent discussion and learning from error, and contributes to the emotional distress experienced by clinicians who make a mistake. Human medicine has been advocating a change of culture from blame to learning for decades; however, deep-rooted beliefs are notoriously difficult to change. Ultimately, culture change must be championed by professional and practice leaders, and supported by evidence and education. Error reporting systems such as VetSafe may encourage learning from mistakes, help individuals to understand the causes of veterinary error, and reduce blame culture in veterinary practice.
Epidural anaesthesia–analgesia in the dog and cat: considerations, technique and complications
Authors: Ferreira Jacques P
Published: November 2018

Epidural anaesthesia-analgesia (EAA) is a technique employed commonly in human anaesthesia to provide optimum conditions for invasive orthopaedic and soft tissue surgery. Its current use in veterinary practice is comparatively less frequent. Cited reasons for its limited use include lack of confidence in performing the procedure, limited information on the benefits, and limited information on potential complications. The EAA technique, while initially challenging, is an acquirable skill with limited equipment requirements. Use of EAA reduces the degree of surgical stimulation perceived by the patient; this reduction in painful stimulus reduces the required depth of anaesthesia and reduces the quantity of analgesia needed to provide stable anaesthesia. The side-effects of anaesthesia are, as a result, also reduced. In addition to stable intraoperative anaesthesia, EAA provides postoperative patient comfort, which directly reduces systemic analgesia requirements and thus length of hospitalisation. Furthermore, improvement in wound healing and attenuation of cancer progression are reported benefits of EAA. Epidural anaesthesia-analgesia is a minimally invasive technique, despite which number of complications may occur; however, these events are treatable and should not prevent clinicians from incorporating EAA in their perioperative pain management plans. The purpose of this review is to explain the technique, detail the considerations surrounding the practice and summarise the complications reported to date in the literature.
Human-directed aggression in rabbits: a behavioural case study
Authors: Fry Deborah J N
Published: November 2018

This behavioural case study discusses human-directed aggression in a companion rabbit. It highlights how, when assessing and treating problem behaviour, the natural habitat, biology and behaviour of wild rabbits must be considered in relation to companion rabbit management.
Veterinary care of guinea pigs. Part 1: husbandry, stabilisation and diagnostics
Authors: Edis Abigail , Pellett Sarah
Published: November 2018

Guinea pigs (Cavea porcellus) are popular pets within the UK. Owner expectations regarding advice and treatment for this species is increasing, and they may be presented to the veterinary clinic both for routine health checks and for treatment of illnesses. Husbandry should be based on their natural history, including their social requirements, temperature requirements, and grass or hay-based diet. Being prey species, they often hide signs of illness, so may present relatively late in a disease process. Early and aggressive supportive care is therefore essential.
Are you neutering pet kittens from 4 months of age?
Authors: Clements Jane , Tipton Emma
Published: November 2018

Neutering from 4 months old is vital to reduce the problem of unwanted cats handed to charities for homing. The Cat Population Control Group promotes this, and manages a network of Kitten Neutering Champions.
Bridging the research–policy gap: the importance of effective identity leadership and shared commitment
Authors: Mols Frank , Bell Jennifer , Head Brian
Published: November 2018

It is widely agreed that the availability of high quality evidence does not translate readily into influence over policy decisions. This insight has generated long-running debates about the most effective way to ‘bridge the gap’ between policy research and policymaking, and to increase policy research ‘uptake’. The proposed remedies (for example, greater ‘linkage and exchange activity’, ‘knowledge brokering’, ‘joint knowledge production’) tend to be premised on the idea that increased contact will increase preparedness to take on board other stakeholders’ views. We agree that contact is important, along with adequate resourcing and access to good quality research evidence. However, as social and organisational psychologists have shown, trust and mutual understanding do not automatically emerge from more intensive interaction, but require effective ‘identity leadership’, to ensure core values (about shared goals and directions) become internalised in new shared self-understanding. So far, these insights have been neglected in the evidence-based policy literature, and the purpose of this paper is to fill this gap. More specifically, we draw on social-psychological research into ‘identity leadership’, and use illustrative data from interviews with leaders in public agencies and a major NGO partnership, to show (a) that leaders play an important role embedding commitment to evidence-based policy into ‘organisational culture’; and (b) that leaders of successful partnerships go to great lengths to unite stakeholders and to promote a shared (overarching) sense of purpose and ‘mission’.
The politics of health policy knowledge transfer: the evolution of the role of British health economics academic units
Authors: MacKillop Eleanor , Sheard Sally
Published: November 2018

Economics is now central to health policy decision making, within government departments and the National Health Service. We examine how and why a health economics academic unit – the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) at the University of York, England – was created in 1983, funded and commissioned to provide research evidence to the British government, specifically the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) and its successors. Building on the knowledge transfer literature, we document the origins of this relationship and the different strategies deployed by successive governments and researchers. This paper demonstrates the value of historical methodologies such as oral history and textual analysis that highlight the limitations of existing knowledge transfer theories, by foregrounding the role of politics via the construction of individual relationships between academics and policy-makers.
MA »Zeitabhängige Medien / Sound - Vision - Games
Authors: Hebecker Ralf
Published: November 2018

Eine kurze Vorstellung des 2009 gegründeten »Games-Master«-Studiengangs am Department Medientechnik an der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg sowie seiner projekt- und praxisorientierten, interdisziplinären und holistischen Ausrichtung. Neben anderen werden als Besonderheiten herausgestellt: das sich über alle drei Semester erstreckende große Entwicklungsprojekt, die Zusammenarbeit von ProgrammiererInnen und DesignerInnen im selben Studiengang, die besondere Bedeutung der Teamzusammensetzung und das Konzept mehrerer GameJams zu Beginn des Studiums. Der Artikel berichtet weiter über Schwerpunkte und Einsichten aus 10 Jahren Lehrpraxis, zum Beispiel über die besondere Bedeutung gemeinsamer Arbeitsräume, eine lebendige Konfliktlösungskultur und die Notwendigkeit, das Konzept stets und teils tiefgreifend weiterzuentwickeln.
MA/MSc »Computerspielwissenschaften«
Authors: Koubek Jochen
Published: November 2018

Computerspiele können an der Universität Bayreuth in einem dreifach gestuften Ausbildungsprogramm studiert werden: Angefangen im Bachelorstudiengang »Medienwissenschaft und Medienpraxis B.A.«, danach im Masterstudiengang »Computerspielwissenschaften M.A./M.Sc.« und anschließend im gleichnamigen Promotionsprogramm entweder in der Medienwissenschaft oder in der Informatik. Im Beitrag werden der Bachelor- und der Masterstudiengang vorgestellt und auf die Bayreuther Verzahnung von Wissenschaft, Praxis und Spielkultur eingegangen.
Statuspanik in der Mittelschicht? Aktuelle Befunde aus der Einstellungsforschung
Authors: Lengfeld Holger , Ordemann Jessica
Published: November 2018

In diesem Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, wie sich die Angst vor dem sozialen Abstieg der Mittelschichten entwickelt hat. Auf Basis einer kurzen Durchsicht des jüngsten Forschungsstands und konzeptioneller Klärungen untersuchen wir den Verlauf der Abstiegsangst der Angehörigen von Ober-, Mittel- und unteren Schichten über einen Zeitraum von 30 Jahren in Gesamtdeutschland sowie in Ost- und Westdeutschland getrennt. Unter Verwendung von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels zeigen wir, dass in Westdeutschland von Mitte der 1980er Jahre bis Mitte der 2000er Jahre alle Schichten einen stetigen Anstieg von Abstiegsangst, gemessen über die Sorge vor Arbeitsplatzverlust, zeigten. Seitdem waren die Sorgen bis zum Ende des Beobachtungszeitraums 2014 stark rückläufig. Sowohl während des Anstiegs und des Rückgangs der Abstiegsangst zeigte die mittlere Mittelschicht besonders starke Reaktionen. Die Ursachen für diese besondere Sensibilität der mittleren Mitte diskutieren wir abschließend.
Paar- und Familienleitbilder der ›Mitte‹ zwischen Persistenz und Wandel Eine paar- und heteronormativitätskritische Perspektive
Authors: Wimbauer Christine , Teschlade Julia , Peukert Almut , Motakef Mona
Published: November 2018

Christine Wimbauer, Julia Teschlade, Almut Peukert und Mona Motakef analysieren Persistenzen und Wandel in den Paar- und Familienbildern der Mitte. Aus einer paar- und heteronormativitätskritischen Perspektive beschäftigen sie sich mit kulturell hegemonialen Normen und faktisch realisierten Formen des (familialen) Zusammenlebens. Sie konstatieren eine weiterhin bestehende Hegemonie der bürgerlichen Kleinfamilie und des romantischen Liebesideals, verweisen aber auch auf Diskrepanzen zwischen normativem Leitbild und dessen faktischer Umsetzung. Durch sozialen Wandel und Fortschritte in der Reproduktionsmedizin haben sich Familienrealitäten sowie die Vorstellungen davon, was eine Familie ist, sein kann und darf, seit dem golden age of marriage erheblich verändert. Mittelschichten waren und sind sowohl Träger*innen und Bewahrer*innen überkommener Leitbilder, zugleich aber auch Quelle von Innovationen und von zunächst »abweichender« Lebensformen und Vorstellungen.
Resilienz als Nomos der Erde: Earth System Governance und die Politik des Anthropozäns
Authors: Folkers Andreas
Published: November 2018

Der Begriff »Anthropozän« zur Bezeichnung eines neuen Erdzeitalters ist auch in den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften zu einer festen Bezugsgröße geworden. Nicht selten wird dabei der scheinbar harte naturwissenschaftliche Kern des Begriffes mobilisiert, um ansonsten wohl als allzu luftig angesehene Theorien über den Zusammenhang von Natur und Gesellschaft, Geschichts- und Geophilosophie zu »erden«. Darüber besteht jedoch die Gefahr, die problematischen Implikationen des Anthropozänbegriffs zu reproduzieren, anstatt sie kritisch zu hinterfragen. So setzt sich im Konzept des Anthropozäns ein - wenn auch verschämter - humanistischer Narzissmus fort. Auch als selbst bedrohter Zerstörer des Planeten versteht sich der Mensch noch als Herr der Erde. Zudem besteht die Gefahr, durch einen unkritischen Bezug auf das Anthropozänkonzept dessen Einsatz in politischen Strategien zu übersehen. Denn das »Anthropozän« ist nicht nur ein Stichwort in wissenschaftlichen Debatten, sondern längst ein politischer Begriff, der Regierungsprogrammatiken ebenso anleitet, wie er soziale Bewegungen inspiriert. Hier setzt der Text an, indem er die Realpolitik und die normative Ordnung des Anthropozäns analysiert. Der Text beschreibt das Anthropozän als Konjunktur in der Geschichte der Biomacht und zeigt die Bedeutung des Leitbildes der Resilienz in der »Earth System Governance«. Im Anschluss an die Skizzierung der bio-geopolitischen Rationalität des Anthropozäns bzw. des »offiziellen« Nomos der Erde wird der Text im zweiten Teil versuchen, Strategien und Ansätze für eine kritische und emanzipatorische Politik der Erde zu entwickeln. Dabei werden mit den Begriffen der »Luftnahme« und des »Atmosphärenarchivs« kritische Werkzeuge vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglichen, gegen die universalisierenden Tendenzen der Anthropozänerzählung die Ungleichheiten im Umweltverbrauch und die politischen Konfliktlinien der Klimapolitik zum Vorschein kommen zu lassen.
Empty Action
Authors: Gerber Marina
Published: November 2018

Collective Actions is one of the most significant artistic practices to emerge from Moscow Conceptualism. The group's enigmatic idea of 'Empty action' is the focal point for Marina Gerber's exploration of this practice in relation to labour in the late Soviet Union. Based on interviews with members of the group (Monastyrski, Panitkov, Alexeev, Makarevich, Elagina, Romashko, Hänsgen and Kiesewalter) she exposes the relation between their jobs, their individual art practices and their contribution to the collective in the context of post-Stalinist debates on labour and free time. Departing from the mundane fact that Collective Actions' practice took place in free time from work for the Soviet State, Gerber identifies Empty action as a form of 'art after work'.
Details of Detachment and Human Specificity
Authors: Piette Albert
Published: November 2018

This chapter starts with observations of monkeys and apes conducted by renowned primatologists. Their emphasis on nonhuman primates' interactional density raises the question of how human beings, by contrast, are present in everyday life situations. The author shows how the interaction of nonhuman primates differs from the presence-absence that can be constantly observed among humans. This point, which can highlight a major difference of humans, will constitute an element that triggers a reflection on anthropology. Armed with this human specificity, this chapter will then connect anthropology as a science of human beings to a set of principles that make it a specific discipline, different from the social sciences. From this perspective, the author concludes by describing the place that animals can occupy in such an anthropological science.
Vom Stummfilm zur Virtuellen Realität: Kinematographische Totalitätsansprüche in Mynonas Graue Magie und Aldous Huxleys Brave New World
Authors: Janker Karin
Published: November 2018

Karin Janker widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag den Totalitätsansprüchen des Kinos im Hinblick auf eine vollständige, lebensechte, den Betrachter täuschende Reproduktion der Realität. Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Ansprüche dem Kino vonseiten der Literatur eingeschrieben wurden. In Close Readings zweier Romane - Salomo Friedlaenders »Graue Magie« von 1922 und Aldous Huxleys »Brave New World« von 1932 - zeigt der Beitrag, dass in diesem unterstellten Totalitätsanspruch Faszination und Denunziation, Bewunderung und Skepsis zum Ausdruck gelangen. Das Verhältnis zwischen den Konkurrenzmedien Literatur und Film wird damit aus dem Blickwinkel des Narrativs vom Totalen Kino neu fassbar.
Spuren von Diversität in französischen Selbstdokumenten des 18. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Keilhauer Annette
Published: November 2018

Ausgangspunkt des Beitrags ist die Hypothese, dass Diskurse der Diversität auf das Selbstverständnis des Individuums zurückwirken und Spuren in seinen verschiedenen Formen der Selbstthematisierung hinterlassen. Der Beitrag diskutiert den möglichen Nutzen von Egodokumenten für eine historische Analyse von Diversitätsausfächerungen in der frühen Neuzeit und fragt zugleich nach dem Mehrwert des Diversitätskonzepts für die Gattungsdiskussion zu Selbstzeugnissen. Moderne Ausdifferenzierungen der Gattung zeigen seit einiger Zeit direkte Ausfächerungen des Genres nach Diversitätskriterien, etwa die spezifische Artikulierung weiblicher Lebenserfahrungen, die Reflexion über Alter oder Krankheit (Alzheimer) bis hin zur Behindertenautobiographie. Diversität ist hier direkter Anlass für autobiographisches Schreiben, das sich in besonderem Maße auch mit den Auswirkungen von Diversitätszuschreibungen beschäftigt. Das 18. Jahrhundert ist eine Umbruchzeit der Selbstthematisierung und deshalb ein Periode, in der das Auftauchen des Diversitätsdiskurses in seiner Dynamik beobachtet werden kann. Es ist eine Zeit der Säkularisierung des Beichtgestus, der Verlagerung von der Dominanz des historischen Bezugs in der Memoirenliteratur zu seiner bewussten Einklammerung durch die Konzentration auf die individuelle Entwicklung in autobiographischen Texten. Rousseaus »moderne« Selbstthematisierung entsteht als Verteidigung gegen Diversitätszuschreibungen und bildet das zentrale Referenzmodell der weiteren Entwicklung der Gattung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden verschiedene französischsprachige Selbstdokumente des 18. Jahrhunderts als Diskursorte von Diversität und Intersektionalität betrachtet. Konkret werden die Memoiren von Valentin Jamerey-Duval, die Bekenntnisse von Jean-Jacques Rousseau und die Memoiren von Madame Roland betrachtet, die jeweils auf unterschiedliche Weise die Vielfältigkeit und Prozesshaftigkeit der Zuschreibung von Differenz belegen, inszenieren und auch hinterfragen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Schwellenfunktion des 18. Jahrhunderts bei der historischen Ausdifferenzierung von Diversität, die nicht zufällig mit dem Beginn der modernen Gattungstradition der Autobiographie zusammenfällt.
Ökologische Gouvernementalität
Authors: Bühler Benjamin
Published: November 2018

Der politischen Ökologie ist seit ihrer Entstehung im 19. Jahrhundert ein »Regierungswissen« eingeschrieben, das Regieren vor allem als Regulieren konzipiert. Im Anschluss an Michel Foucault lässt sich daher von einer ökologischen Gouvernementalität sprechen - ein Gegenprogramm zur neoliberalen Gouvernementalität und der politischen Ökonomie. Diese Regierungsform macht Probleme wie globale Erwärmung, Ressourcenknappheit oder Umweltverschmutzung zu Regulativen politischen Handelns und organisiert dieses Handeln nach ökologischen Prinzipien. Aus literatur- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive untersucht Benjamin Bühler diese Prinzipien anhand von Romanen und naturwissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen, Theorien zur Landschaftsarchitektur und zum Design, Zukunftsfiktionen und Demokratietheorien.
Geschlecht und Heimerziehung
Authors: Windheuser Jeannette
Published: November 2018

Jeannette Windheusers Studie zur Bedeutung von Geschlecht in der Heimerziehung verschiebt gewohnte erkenntnistheoretische und methodologische Voraussetzungen: Zunächst von einer qualitativen Fotografiebefragung ausgehend werden eine an sozialwissenschaftlicher und psychologischer Empirie orientierte Erziehungswissenschaft und eine gendertheoretische Geschlechterforschung selbst zu Objekten der Forschung. Mit Bezug auf Luce Irigaray, Jacques Derrida und Heide Schlüpmann wird ein differenztheoretischer, feministisch-genealogischer und ästhetischer Perspektivwechsel vorgenommen, der die Geschlechtlichkeit nicht nur des Gegenstandes Heimerziehung, sondern auch von Theorie und Empirie hervortreten lässt.
Lüge, Hochstapelei und Bildung
Authors: Schmidt Katja
Published: November 2018

Lüge und Hochstapelei sind in Erziehungswissenschaft und Erwachsenenbildung bisher unzureichend bearbeitete Phänomene. Diese Studie untersucht hochstaplerische Selbstentwürfe und Bildungsprozesse dort, wo sie zum Thema werden: in biographischen Erzählungen. In und mit diesen erschließen sich Subjekte reflexiv ihr Sein - aber auch ihren Schein - (in) der Welt. Katja Schmidts Analyse bindet Lüge und Hochstapelei ein in philosophische, historische, biographie- und bildungstheoretische Überlegungen und legt mittels einer interdisziplinären Perspektive die Charakteristika des Nicht-Identischen, die Ambivalenzen und Interferenzen in konfliktreichen Bildungsprozessen offen.
Inclusion through Exclusion
Authors: Schmidt-Kleinert Anja
Published: November 2018

How do young people from immigrant families become engaged in politics? Anja Schmidt-Kleinert examines the case of young Israelis who are actively engaged with the nationalist Yisra'el Beitenu party, led by the Israeli minister of defence, Avigdor Lieberman. She explores how the activists present Israeli citizenship in a way that is exclusionary to non-Jewish citizens and analyses their strategy to actively construct a sense of belonging to Israeli society or, more precisely, to the Jewish collective by (re-)producing the ethno-nationalist discourse.
Eine Kaiserin und zwei Kaiser
Authors: Braun Bettina
Published: November 2018

Maria Theresia von Österreich wurde in ihrer Regierungstätigkeit erst von ihrem Mann Franz Stephan, nach dessen Tod dann von ihrem Sohn Joseph II. unterstützt, die sie jeweils zu Mitregenten ernannte. Gleichzeitig standen sie aber als Kaiser im Rang über ihr. Diese ungewöhnliche Konstellation führte zu zahlreichen Problemen. Wie wurden die Regierungsgeschäfte konkret zwischen Maria Theresia und ihren Mitregenten aufgeteilt und wer entschied über diese Aufteilung? Wie wurde diese Konstellation in der Außendarstellung kommuniziert? Bettina Braun untersucht diese Fragen erstmals umfassend und bietet einen detaillierten Einblick in den Regierungsalltag einer der mächtigsten Herrscherinnen des 18. Jahrhunderts.
Belonging and Narrative
Authors: Bieger Laura
Published: November 2018

Why did the novel become so popular in the past three centuries, and how did the American novel contribute to this trend? As a key provider of the narrative frames and formulas needed by modern individuals to give meaning and mooring to their lives. Drawing on phenomenological hermeneutics, human geography and social psychology, Laura Bieger contends that belonging is not a given; it is continuously produced by narrative. Against the current emphasis on metaphors of movement and destabilization, she explores the salience and significance of home. Challenging views of narrative as a mechanism of ideology, she approaches narrative as a practical component of dwelling in the world - and the novel a primary place-making agent.
Rache im Realismus
Authors: Hückmann Dania
Published: November 2018

Scheitert die Rache im Realismus? Realistische Texte imitieren das im 19. Jahrhundert in Deutschland entstehende moderne Rechtswesen: Sie wollen Rache - mit erzählerischen Mitteln - eingrenzen. Bis heute erweist sich das Versprechen der Rache als Gerechtigkeit jedoch als äußerst verführerisch. Dania Hückmann zeigt, wie die Texte von Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, Theodor Fontane, Paul Heyse und Jeremias Gotthelf Rache als misslungenes Projekt präsentieren. Zugleich kehrt mit der Rache genau dann ein überholtes Rechtsprinzip wieder, wenn das Gerichtswesen versagt. In der Literatur des Realismus eröffnet Rache dabei keine Alternative zum Recht, sondern bringt nichts als Zerstörung.
FROM LEIPZIG TO ST. LOUIS - EINFLÜSSE DEUTSCHER MUSIKTHEORIE UND -PÄDAGOGIK AUF DIE ENTSTEHUNG DES RAGTIME, BLUES UND JAZZ
Authors: Teriete Philipp
Published: November 2018

Philipp Teriete widmet sich in seinem Beitrag den musiktheoretisch-kompositorischen und pädagogischen Hintergründen des Ragtime, Blues- und frühen Jazz. Während sowohl die Biographien und Werke der »originators of ragtime, blues and jazz« als auch ihr musikalisches Umfeld und die soziologischen Hintergründe erforscht wurden, blieben die Fragen ihres Ausbildungshintergrundes noch weitgehend unbeantwortet: Wer waren ihre Lehrer und wie genau fand der Transfer des musiktheoretisch-kompositorischen Handwerks statt? Durch eine Kontextualisierung und das Studium bislang unbeachteter historischer Quellen lassen sich pädagogisch-musiktheoretische Normen in den USA des späten 19. Jh. rekonstruieren. Es deutet vieles darauf, dass die bedeutenden Ragtime-, Blues- und frühen Jazzkomponisten nicht nur vom europäischen Repertoire beeinflusst wurden, sondern auch von europäischer (und insbesondere deutscher) Musiktheorie und -pädagogik. Diese Zusammenhänge werden durch die Betrachtung der Lernbiographien und einiger Werke von Scott Joplin und W. C. Handy veranschaulicht.
Artistic Transfer
Authors: Bertram Ursula
Published: November 2018

Non-conformist, non-linear, unruly thought and action have always led to great works of art, pathbreaking inventions and forward-looking perspectives. But how can this precious good find its way into our everyday working life to help us deal with social, ecological and economic challenges? The crucial step, Ursula Bertram contends, is to reach a synergy of logically justifiable knowledge and the capacity to navigate in open systems. To find out how such synergy could come about, Ursula Bertram has observed the strategies and principles of artists, choreographers, musicians and unruly thinkers and compared them with the statements of physicists, mathematicians, managers and researchers. She shows that when artistic thought is circulated and probed in non-artistic fields, an extremely efficient pattern called artistic transfer emerges. With contributions by Werner Preißing and others.
Estado fallido, nueva guerra y paz como entelequia: consideraciones sobre el conflicto armado, social y político en Somalia
Authors: Molina Correa Javier Alexander
Published: November 2018

Los conflictos actuales, principalmente los ubicados en el continente africano, se caracterizan por tener una fuerte carga cultural en sus raíces causales. Contextos como la globalización, se han encargado de cambiar las dinámicas propias de la guerra, generando una transición de la ideología a la identidad; así pues, el documento se propone realizar un análisis del conflicto somalí sobre la base de lo postulado por autores contemporáneos de la guerra como Mary Kaldor y Samuel Huntington. Se revisan de manera panorámica las dinámicas propias del litigio interétnico, la precariedad institucional derivada de un Estado fallido y la intervención estadunidense en 1992, lo anterior en aras de darle una explicación teórica a las dificultades de construcción de paz en este territorio.