bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling of propane with CO2 to propylene over Zn-promoted In/HZSM-5 catalyst
Authors: Zhang Jian-bin , He Huan-huan , Tian Hai-Feng , Liao Jian-Kang , Zha Fei , Guo Xiao-Jun , Tang XiaoHua , Chang Yue
Published: June 2021

The ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by the wetness impregnation method, and the structure of catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, XPS, TG, and N2 adsorption–desorption and then investigated in the coupling of propane with CO2 to propylene. It is found that the addition of Zn species is beneficial to the dispersion of In2O3 over HZSM-5, which plays an important role in propene formation, and adjusts the acidity distribution of In/HZSM-5 catalyst, as well as significantly improves the activity of In/HZSM-5 catalyst. The selectivity of propylene is 68.21% in the coupling of propane with CO2 over ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst when the time on stream (TOS) is 2 h, reaction temperature is 580 °C, reaction pressure is 0.3 MPa, C3H6:CO2:N2 = 1:4:5, catalyst mass is 0.2 g, and space velocity is 6000 mL gcat−1 h−1. However, the selectivity of propylene is only 63.33% and 0.25% in the propane dehydrogenation or CO2 hydrogenation reaction, respectively. The ZnIn/HZSM-5 catalyst showed a higher stability with only 0.80% conversion drop after three cycles.
As the prey thickens: rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length
Authors: Dodrill Michael J. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Yard Michael D. , Korman Josh
Published: June 2021

Drift-feeding fish are typically considered size-selective predators. Yet, few studies have explicitly tested which aspect of prey “size” best explains size selection by drift-foraging fish. Here, we develop a Bayesian discrete choice model to evaluate how attributes of both prey and predator simultaneously influence size-selective foraging. We apply the model to a large dataset of paired invertebrate drift (n = 784) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets (n = 1028). We characterized prey “size” using six metrics (length, width, area, hemispherical area, volume, mass) and used pseudo-R2 to determine which metric best explained observed prey selection across seven taxa. We found that rainbow trout are positively size-selective, they are selecting prey based upon differences in prey width, and size-selectivity increases with fish length. Rainbow trout demonstrated strong selection for the adult and pupae stages of aquatic insects relative to their larval stages. Our study provides strong empirical evidence for size-selective foraging in rainbow trout and demonstrates prey selection is based primarily upon width, not length or area as has been widely reported.
Nonlinear Primary Resonant Characteristics of Higher-Order Shear Deformable FG-CNTRC Circular Cylindrical Panels
Authors: Gholami R. , Ansari R.
Published: June 2021

In this work, the nonlinear primary resonance of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) circular cylindrical panels is numerically studied. The FG-CNTRC cylindrical panels under the radial harmonic loading are modeled on the basis of the hyperbolic shear deformation shell theory (HSDST). The von Kármán hypothesis is employed to incorporate geometric nonlinearity into mathematical modeling. After representing the kinetic and strain energies and the external work in matrix forms (in terms of displacement vector), the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method is utilized to obtain the discretized form of the energy functional on the space domain. Then, the nonlinear governing equations are achieved via Hamilton’s principle. In the next step, a multistep numerical solution approach is employed to illustrate the influences of geometrical parameters, subtended angle, CNTs distribution scheme and volume fraction on the primary resonant characteristics of FG-CNTRC cylindrical panels. The results are provided for the panels with clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions (BCs).
Why computing students should contribute to open source software projects
Authors: Spinellis Diomidis
Published: June 2021

Acquiring developer-prized practical skills, knowledge, and experiences.
Clustering-based Efficient Privacy-preserving Face Recognition Scheme without Compromising Accuracy
Authors: Liu Meng , Hu Hongsheng , Xiang Haolong , Yang Chi , Lyu Lingjuan , Zhang Xuyun
Published: June 2021

Recently, biometric identification has been extensively used for border control. Some face recognition systems have been designed based on Internet of Things. But the rich personal information contained in face images can cause severe privacy breach and abuse issues during the process of identification if a biometric system has compromised by insiders or external security attacks. Encrypting the query face image is the state-of-the-art solution to protect an individual’s privacy but incurs huge computational cost and poses a big challenge on time-critical identification applications. However, due to their high computational complexity, existing methods fail to handle large-scale biometric repositories where a target face is searched. In this article, we propose an efficient privacy-preserving face recognition scheme based on clustering. Concretely, our approach innovatively matches an encrypted face query against clustered faces in the repository to save computational cost while guaranteeing identification accuracy via a novel multi-matching scheme. To the best of our knowledge, our scheme is the first to reduce the computational complexity from
O(M)
in existing methods to approximate
O
(√
M
), where
M
is the size of a face repository. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets have shown the effectiveness and efficiency of our scheme.
MILL: Channel Attention–based Deep Multiple Instance Learning for Landslide Recognition
Authors: Tang Xiaochuan , Liu Mingzhe , Zhong Hao , Ju Yuanzhen , Li Weile , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2021

Landslide recognition is widely used in natural disaster risk management. Traditional landslide recognition is mainly conducted by geologists, which is accurate but inefficient. This article introduces multiple instance learning (MIL) to perform automatic landslide recognition. An end-to-end deep convolutional neural network is proposed, referred to as Multiple Instance Learning–based Landslide classification (MILL). First, MILL uses a large-scale remote sensing image classification dataset to build pre-train networks for landslide feature extraction. Second, MILL extracts instances and assign instance labels without pixel-level annotations. Third, MILL uses a new channel attention–based MIL pooling function to map instance-level labels to bag-level label. We apply MIL to detect landslides in a loess area. Experimental results demonstrate that MILL is effective in identifying landslides in remote sensing images.
Securing seabed cybersecurity, emphasizing intelligence augmentation
Authors: Arquilla John , Fusco Judi , Ruiz Pati , Roschelle Jeremy
Published: June 2021

The
Communications
website, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

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John Arquilla considers the outlook for undersea cyberwar, while Judi Fusco, Pati Ruiz, and Jeremy Roschelle discuss how building equitable applications in education requires an emphasis on augmenting intelligence.
Formal software verification measures up
Authors: Greengard Samuel
Published: June 2021

Verified coding techniques use mathematical proofs to ensure code is error-free and hacker-resistant. Can the approach revolutionize software?
The future of supply chains
Authors: Marks Paul
Published: June 2021

Droids, drones, and driverless technologies are fueling a supply chain revolution.
Short- and Long-Term Adaptation to Altered Levels of Glucose: Fifty Years of Scientific Adventure
Authors: Uyeda Kosaku
Published: June 2021

My graduate and postdoctoral training in metabolism and enzymology eventually led me to study the short- and long-term regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In the early phase of my career, my trainees and I identified, purified, and characterized a variety of phosphofructokinase enzymes from mammalian tissues. These studies led us to discover fructose 2,6-P2, the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase and glycolysis. The discovery of fructose 2,6-P2 led to the identification and characterization of the tissue-specific bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase. We discovered a glucose signaling mechanism by which the liver maintains glucose homeostasis by regulating the activities of this bifunctional enzyme. With a rise in glucose, a signaling metabolite, xylulose 5-phosphate, triggers rapid activation of a specific protein phosphatase (PP2ABδC), which dephosphorylates the bifunctional enzyme, thereby increasing fructose 2,6-P2 levels and upregulating glycolysis. These endeavors paved the way for us to initiate the later phase of my career in which we discovered a new transcription factor termed the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP). Now ChREBP is recognized as the masterregulator controlling conversion of excess carbohydrates to storage of fat in the liver. ChREBP functions as a central metabolic coordinator that responds to nutrients independently of insulin. The ChREBP transcription factor facilitates metabolic adaptation to excess glucose, leading to obesity and its associated diseases.
An Overview of Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)
Authors: Mu Xuelang , Gillman Cody , Nguyen Chi , Gonen Tamir
Published: June 2021

The bedrock of drug discovery and a key tool for understanding cellular function and drug mechanisms of action is the structure determination of chemical compounds, peptides, and proteins. The development of new structure characterization tools, particularly those that fill critical gaps in existing methods, presents important steps forward for structural biology and drug discovery. The emergence of microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) expands the application of cryo–electron microscopy to include samples ranging from small molecules and membrane proteins to even large protein complexes using crystals that are one-billionth the size of those required for X-ray crystallography. This review outlines the conception, achievements, and exciting future trajectories for MicroED, an important addition to the existing biophysical toolkit.
The Long Road to Understanding RNAPII Transcription Initiation and Related Syndromes
Authors: Compe Emmanuel , Egly Jean-Marc
Published: June 2021

In eukaryotes, transcription of protein-coding genes requires the assembly at core promoters of a large preinitiation machinery containing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and general transcription factors (GTFs). Transcription is potentiated by regulatory elements called enhancers, which are recognized by specific DNA-binding transcription factors that recruit cofactors and convey, following chromatin remodeling, the activating cues to the preinitiation complex. This review summarizes nearly five decades of work on transcription initiation by describing the sequential recruitment of diverse molecular players including the GTFs, the Mediator complex, and DNA repair factors that support RNAPII to enable RNA synthesis. The elucidation of the transcription initiation mechanism has greatly benefited from the study of altered transcription components associated with human diseases that could be considered transcription syndromes.
Differential localization patterns of claudin 10, 16, and 19 in human, mouse, and rat renal tubular epithelia
Authors: Prot-Bertoye Caroline , Griveau Camille , Skjødt Karsten , Cheval Lydie , Brideau Gaëlle , Lievre Loïc , Ferriere Elsa , Arbaretaz Floriane , Garbin Kevin , Zamani Reza , Marcussen Niels , Figueres Lucile , Breiderhoff Tilman , Muller Dominik , Bruneval Patrick , Houillier Pascal , Dimke Henrik
Published: June 2021

This study used immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to investigate the distribution of claudin 10, 16, and 19 in the human, mouse, and rat kidney. The findings showed distinct junctional pathways in both human and rodent kidneys, supporting the existence of different permeation profiles in all species investigated.
Research on Calibration Method of Binocular Vision System Based on Neural Network
Authors: Zhu Hao , Wang Mulan , Xu Weiye
Published: June 2021

In binocular vision inspection system, the calibration of detection equipment is the basis to ensure the subsequent detection accuracy. The current calibration methods have the disadvantages of complex calculation, low precision, and poor operability. In order to solve the above problems, the calibration method of binocular camera, the correction method of lens distortion, and the calibration method of projector in the binocular vision system based on surface structured light are studied in this paper. For lens distortion correction, on the basis of analyzing the traditional correction methods, a distortion correction method based on radial basis function neural network is proposed. Using the excellent nonlinear mapping ability of RBF neural network, the distortion correction models of different lenses can be obtained quickly. It overcomes the defect that the traditional correction model cannot adjust adaptively with the type of lens. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method can meet the requirements of system calibration.
Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections and Catheter Colonization among Haemodialysis Patients: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
Authors: Shahar Shamira , Mustafar Ruslinda , Kamaruzaman Lydia , Periyasamy Petrick , Pau Kiew Bing , Ramli Ramliza
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter colonization (CC) are two complications among haemodialysis (HD) patients that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CRBSI and CC among HD patients registered at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and to identify the factors involved by focusing on the demographic profile of the patients as well as their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Method. This is a retrospective study of end-stage renal disease patients with suspected CRBSI during the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018. Data on patients who fulfilled the blood culture criteria for CRBSI and CC diagnosis were further analysed for clinical manifestations, comorbidities, history of dialysis, catheter characteristics, and microbiological culture results. The outcomes of CRBSI and CC were also assessed. Findings. In the 3-year period under study, there were 496 suspected CRBSI cases with a total of 175 events in 119 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. During that time, the percentage of patients who experienced CRBSI and CC was 4.2% and 4.8%, respectively. The majority of the cohort consisted of male (59.4%), Malay ethnicity (75%), and patients on a tunnelled dialysis catheter (83%). Patients who were fistula naïve and had an internal jugular catheter were more common in the CRBSI group than in the CC group. The predominant microorganisms that were isolated were Gram-positive organisms. In terms of clinical presentation and outcome, no differences were found between the CRBSI and CC groups. Patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia, high initial c-reactive protein, and catheter salvation were likely to have poor outcomes. Recurrence of CRBSI occurred in 31% of the cohort. Neither catheter salvation nor antibiotic-lock therapy were associated with the recurrence of CRBSI. On the other hand, the femoral vein catheter site was associated with risk of recurrence. The overall mortality rate was 1.1%. Discussion. From the analysis, it was concluded that clinical assessment and positive culture are crucial in diagnosing CRBSI with or without peripheral culture. This study provides essential information for the local setting which will enable healthcare providers to implement measures for the better management of CRBSI.
Evaluation of Congestion Aware Social Metrics for Centrality‐Based Routing
Authors: Islam Muhammad Arshad , Iqbal Muhammad Azhar , Aleem Muhammad , Halim Zahid , Srivastava Gautam , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: June 2021

Opportunistic networks utilize pocket switching for routing where each node forwards its messages to a suitable next node. The selection of the forwarder node is crucial for the efficient performance of a routing protocol. In any opportunistic network, some nodes have a paramount role in the routing process and these nodes could be identified with the assistance of the existing centrality measures available in network theory. However, the central nodes tend to suffer from congestion because a large number of nodes that are relatively less central attempt to forward their payload to the central nodes to increase the probability of the message delivery. This paper evaluates mechanisms to transform the social encounters into congestion aware metrics so that high‐ranking central nodes are downgraded when they encounter congestion. The network transformations are aimed at aggregating the connectivity patterns of the nodes to implicitly accumulate the network information to be utilized by centrality measures for routing purposes. We have analyzed the performance of the metrics’ computed centrality measures using routing simulation on three real‐world network traces. The results revealed that betweenness centrality along with the congestion aware network metrics holds the potential to deliver a competitive number of messages. Additionally, the proposed congestion aware metrics significantly balance the routing load among the central nodes.
An Improved Mathematical Model of Cutting Temperature in End Milling Al7050 Based on the Influence of Tool Geometry Parameters and Milling Parameters
Authors: Ji Junhao , Yang Qi , Chen Peng , Lu Kaijie , Wu Yuhan
Published: June 2021

Excessively high temperature during milling will shorten the life of the milling tools, reduce the surface quality of the workpiece, and increase production costs. In this paper, a novel cutting temperature prediction model for milling Al7050 is proposed, which considers both tool geometry parameters and milling parameters. The aim is to adjust the milling conditions in advance according to the predicted temperature, thereby prolonging the tool life and improving the machining quality. Through single-factor experiments, it is found that there is a polynomial relationship between tool geometric parameters and cutting temperature. Based on the empirical formula of cutting temperature, an improved mathematical model of cutting temperature is proposed. In this model, eight variables including tool geometry parameters and milling parameters are considered. The coefficients of the mathematical model are determined by the cyclic fitting method. The simulation data and experimental data show that compared with the temperature prediction model considering only milling parameters, this model has better prediction accuracy. This idea can also be used to establish the cutting temperature prediction model of other materials.
FB2Droid: A Novel Malware Family-Based Bagging Algorithm for Android Malware Detection
Authors: Shao Ke , Xiong Qiang , Cai Zhiming
Published: June 2021

As the number of Android malware applications continues to grow at a high rate, detecting malware to protect the system security and user privacy is becoming increasingly urgent. Each malware application belongs to a specific family, and there is a gap in the number of malware families. The accuracy of detection can be improved if malware family information is well utilized and certain strategies are adopted to balance the variability among samples. In addition, the performance of a base classifier is limited. If an ensemble classifier or an ensemble method can be adopted, the detection effect can be further improved. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel malware family-based bagging algorithm for Android malware detection, called FB2Droid, to perform malware detection. First, five features are extracted from the Android application package. Then, the relief feature selection algorithm is used for feature selection. Next, we designed two different sampling strategies based on different families of malware to alleviate the sample imbalance in the dataset. Combined with the two sampling strategies, the traditional bagging algorithm is improved to integrate the classifier. In the experiment, several classifiers were used to evaluate the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed sampling strategy and the improved bagging algorithm can effectively improve the detection accuracy of these classifiers.
Sequential Extended
S
-Metric Spaces and Relevant Fixed Point Results with Application to Nonlinear Integral Equations
Authors: Karami Abdollah , Sedghi Shaban , Parvaneh Vahid
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the notion of sequential

ς

p

-metric spaces has been introduced as a generalization of usual

S

-metric spaces,

S

b

-metric spaces,

S

J
S

metric spaces, and specially of

S

p

-metric spaces. In view of this notion, we prove some fixed point theorems for some classes of

ς

p

-rational Geraghty JS-contractions over such spaces. A supporting example and an application have been given in order to examine the validity of the obtained results.
Meteorological Satellite Operation Prediction Using a BiLSTM Deep Learning Model
Authors: Peng Yi , Han Qi , Su Fei , He Xingwei , Feng Xiaohu
Published: June 2021

The current satellite management system mainly relies on manual work. If small faults cannot be found in time, it may cause systematic fault problems and then affect the accuracy of satellite data and the service quality of meteorological satellite. If the operation trend of satellite will be predicted, the fault can be avoided. However, the satellite system is complex, and the telemetry signal is unstable, nonlinear, and time-related. It is difficult to predict through a certain model. Based on these, this paper proposes a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) deep leaning model to predict the operation trend of meteorological satellite. In the method, the layer number of the model is designed to be two, and the prediction results, which are forecasted by LSTM network as the future trend data and historical data, are both taken as the input of BiLSTM model. The dataset for the research is generated and transmitted from Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI), which is the load of FY4A meteorological satellite. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the BiLSTM prediction model, it is compared with LSTM based on the same dataset in the experiment. The result shows that the BiLSTM method reports a state-of-the-art performance on satellite telemetry data.
An Improved Algorithm to Enhance the Performance of FAST TCP Congestion Control for Personalized Healthcare Systems
Authors: Ye Jiyang , Huang Bowen , Chen Xiaolong
Published: June 2021

The development of personalized medical systems should be supported by a fast and stable network system. The FAST TCP network system is the appropriate support system for this purpose. However, when the FAST TCP is deployed, the static mapping selection method for protocol parameters is unable to guarantee the small queuing delay and fast convergence of the network simultaneously. By conducting theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, the relationships among FAST TCP protocol slow start condition, control law gain parameters, and FAST TCP system convergence rate were examined. To ensure the stability of the FAST TCP system and to select the smallest protocol parameters, an improved method to effectively accelerate the convergence velocity of the FAST TCP system is proposed in this study. In this method, the number of packets for staying in the buffer for FAST TCP connections was taken as the criterion of the slow start, and the gain parameter of the control law was dynamically adjusted according to the local information of each FAST TCP connection. Using this improved method, the FAST TCP system can achieve a stable and small queuing delay, whilst the FAST TCP system could converge quickly to the equilibrium point simultaneously.
Impact of Artificial Noise on Security Capability of Energy Harvesting Overlay Networks
Authors: Ho-Van Khuong , Do-Dac Thiem
Published: June 2021

Artificial noise, energy harvesting, and overlay communications can assure design metrics of modern wireless networks such as data security, energy efficiency, and spectrum utilization efficiency. This paper studies impact of artificial noise on security capability of energy harvesting overlay networks in which the cognitive transmitter capable of self‐powering its operation by harvesting radio frequency energy and self‐securing its communications against eavesdroppers by generating artificial noise amplifies and forwards the signal of the primary transmitter as well as transmits its individual signal concurrently. To quantify this impact, the current paper firstly suggests accurate expressions of crucial security performance indicators. Then, computer simulations are supplied to corroborate these expressions. Finally, numerous results are demonstrated to expose insights into this impact from which optimum specifications are determined. Notably, primary/cognitive communications can be secured at distinct degrees by flexibly controlling multiple specifications of the suggested system model.
Damage Evolution and Circumferential Strain Distribution Characteristics of the Bolt‐Supported Cavern under Multiple Explosion Sources
Authors: Wang Taotao , Cao Ansheng , Gao Weiliang , Wang Guangyong , Sun Xiaowang
Published: June 2021

The impact of multiple explosion sources on the safety of the underground cavern is enormous. Based on a similarity model test, the finite element software LS‐DYNA3D was utilized to analyze the damage evolution and circumferential strain distribution characteristics of the bolt‐supported cavern under the seven combinations of concentrated charge explosion sources in three places, including the side of the vault, side arch, and sidewall. The accuracy of the simulation results is verified by comparing them with test results. The research results indicate that the damage of the surrounding rock is mainly caused by the tensile stress wave reflected from the free surfaces and the superposition of the tensile stress wave. The damage of the surrounding rock in the cases of multiple explosion sources is not a simple superposition of that in the cases of a single explosion source. The peak circumferential stress and damage of the surrounding rock in the middle of two explosion sources are significantly greater than that of the cases of the corresponding single explosion source. In the seven cases, the peak circumferential strain of the cavern wall changes from tensile to compressive from the vault to the spandrel. When the explosion occurs on the sidewall, the peak circumferential strain of the floor is tensile.
Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2 Phosphorylation Reverses Aggressive Cancer Phenotypes
Authors: Apostolidi Maria , Vathiotis Ioannis A. , Muthusamy Viswanathan , Gaule Patricia , Gassaway Brandon M. , Rimm David L. , Rinehart Jesse
Published: June 2021

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with low survival rate and a lack of biomarkers and targeted treatments. Here, we target pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key metabolic component of oncogenesis. In patients with TNBC, PKM2pS37 was identified as a prominent phosphoprotein corresponding to the aggressive breast cancer phenotype that showed a characteristic nuclear staining pattern and prognostic value. Phosphorylation of PKM2 at S37 was connected with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway in TNBC cells. In parallel, pyruvate kinase activator TEPP-46 bound PKM2pS37 and reduced its nuclear localization. In a TNBC mouse xenograft model, treatment with either TEPP-46 or the potent CDK inhibitor dinaciclib reduced tumor growth and diminished PKM2pS37. Combinations of dinaciclib with TEPP-46 reduced cell invasion, impaired redox balance, and triggered cancer cell death. Collectively, these data support an approach to identify PKM2pS37-positive TNBC and target the PKM2 regulatory axis as a potential treatment.

Significance:

PKM2 phosphorylation marks aggressive breast cancer cell phenotypes and targeting PKM2pS37 could be an effective therapeutic approach for treating triple-negative breast cancer.
Genital Powder Use and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry Consortium
Authors: Davis Colette P. , Bandera Elisa V. , Bethea Traci N. , Camacho Fabian , Joslin Charlotte E. , Wu Anna H. , Beeghly-Fadiel Alicia , Moorman Patricia G. , Myers Evan R. , Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Peres Lauren C. , Rosenow Will T. , Setiawan Veronica W. , Rosenberg Lynn , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Harris Holly R.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Genital powder use is more common among African-American women; however, studies of genital powder use and ovarian cancer risk have been conducted predominantly in White populations, and histotype-specific analyses among African-American populations are limited.

Methods:

We used data from five studies in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry consortium. Participants included 620 African-American cases, 1,146 African-American controls, 2,800 White cases, and 6,735 White controls who answered questions on genital powder use prior to 2014. The association between genital powder use and ovarian cancer risk by race was estimated using logistic regression.

Results:

The prevalence of ever genital powder use for cases was 35.8% among African-American women and 29.5% among White women. Ever use of genital powder was associated with higher odds of ovarian cancer among African-American women [OR = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–1.53] and White women (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19–1.57). In African-American women, the positive association with risk was more pronounced among high-grade serous tumors (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.01–1.71) than with all other histotypes (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.75–1.47). In White women, a significant association was observed irrespective of histotype (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.12–1.56 and OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.15–1.66, respectively).

Conclusions:

While genital powder use was more prevalent among African-American women, the associations between genital powder use and ovarian cancer risk were similar across race and did not materially vary by histotype.

Impact:

This is one of the largest studies to date to compare the associations between genital powder use and ovarian cancer risk, overall and by histotype, between African-American and White women.
Chronic Unilateral Uveitis with Macular Edema Secondary to Dabrafenib for Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Authors: Chang Matthew , Kuriakose Robin K. , Xu Kunyong , Almeida David R.P. , Chin Eric K.
Published: June 2021

This report describes a unique case of chronic unilateral anterior uveitis associated with macular edema while on oral dabrafenib treatment for chronic recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma. After gradual taper of prednisolone acetate OS, the patient developed recurrent mild low-grade anterior uveitis and macular edema OS that required low dose of prednisolone acetate OS to prevent recurrences while on oral dabrafenib. When oral dabrafenib was temporarily discontinued for 3 months due to her ocular inflammation, she had no flares of her uveitis; however, her tumor increased significantly in size. The collaborative decision was made to continue her oral dabrafenib while on topical anti-inflammatory therapy for her uveitis. Clinicians should be aware of this potential unilateral sequela of uveitis secondary to dabrafenib. Further investigation should be conducted to identify factors that may place certain patients at higher risk for this complication.
Proton Pump Inhibitor-Associated Large Hyperplastic Polyp in Non-Helicobacter pylori-Infected Stomach
Authors: Kubo Kimitoshi , Kimura Noriko , Maiya Norishige , Matsuda Soichiro , Tsuda Momoko , Mizushima Takeshi , Kato Mototsugu
Published: June 2021

A proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-associated hyperplastic polyp (HP) in the non-Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach is rare, and its endoscopic features remain poorly described. A 42-year-old man with tarry stool was referred to our hospital for examination and treatment. He had taken PPI for 14 years and was confirmed to be H. pylori-negative. Transnasal endoscopy revealed bleeding from a 20-mm, reddish pedunculated polyp with a nodular surface, located in the greater curvature of the upper gastric body. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed, and the lesion was diagnosed as an HP. To our knowledge, this report represents a valuable addition to the HP literature describing a rare case of PPI-associated large HP in the non-H. pylori-infected stomach.
Initial Cerebellar Ataxia in Hereditary Adult-Onset Primary Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Gazulla José , Izquierdo-Alvarez Silvia , Ruiz-Fernández Emilio , Berciano José
Published: June 2021

Cerebellar ataxia preceding the apparition of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is reported herein. Three individuals from 2 independent kindreds experienced ataxia before developing clinical signs of PLS. Disease onset was during the sixth decade or later, and an insidious onset, with progression exceeding 11 years, was observed. Pathochrony was homogenous, consisting of initial gait instability, followed by hand dysmetria 2 years later. During a 5-year follow-up, cerebellar ataxia remained the sole clinical manifestation, preceding the appearance of muscle stiffness, which progressed to a paraparesis, and then to a purely spastic quadriparesis, over 4 years; pseudobulbar dysarthria and dysphagia appeared later. At this disease stage, limb spasticity, hyperactive jaw and limb stretch reflexes, extensor plantar responses, and a spastic dysarthria were found on examination; limb dysmetria and an ataxo-spastic gait were also found. No muscle atrophy or fasciculation was observed. Among ancillary tests, electromyographic studies performed 6 years after disease onset revealed normal motor unit action potentials and absence of spontaneous activity, in 2 individuals. MRI revealed normal cerebellum and brainstem in 2 cases. Inheritance was dominant in both kindreds, and extensive genetic testing was negative. It is concluded that cerebellar ataxia preceded the appearance of a purely spastic spinobulbar syndrome (which fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria for PLS) during a 5-year period in 3 patients with a hereditary, adult-onset form of PLS; subsequent disease progression was equivalent to that of sporadic PLS. Further studies are needed to fully delineate the clinical and genetic spectra of adult-onset PLS.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ВИКЛАДАННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ НА КАФЕДРІ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ХІРУРГІЇ
Authors: Герасимчук П. О. , Павлишин А. В. , Фіра Д. Б.
Published: June 2021

Анотація. В статті наведені основні відомості про організацію навчання на кафедрі загальної хірургії з впровадженням новітніх технологій навчання по хірургічній спеціальності. Внаслідок проведеного аналізу автори прийшли до висновків, що відпрацювання теми занять з використанням новітніх інтерактивних технологій, та в умовах максимально наближених до клінічних, дозволяє студентам відпрацювати та оволодіти відповідними практичними навичками по обстеженню та наданню медичної допомоги хворим при загальнохірургічних захворюваннях, з формуванням клінічного мислення та відповідних професійних компетентностей.
Elementos para a configuração do campo léxico da "linguagem" (VÂC) no Regvedasamhitã
Authors: Ferreira Mário
Published: June 2021

É hoje consensual a constatação de que o Rgvedasamhitâ (= RV) constitui, no conjunto de suas expressões e torneios metafóricos, uma vasta reflexão sobre os poderes da linguagem. O presente texto tem por objetivo estudar, apontando analogias com conceitos lingüísticos, oito palavras que se empregam recorrentemente no RV e que configuram um campo léxico centrado no tema da “linguagem” (vâc).
Abstract 58: Network-based Identification and Prioritization of Key Regulators of Coronary Artery Disease Loci
Authors: Zhao Yuqi , Chen Jing , Freudenberg Johannes M , Meng Qingying ,   CARDIoGRAM Consortium, Rajpal Deepak K , Yang Xia
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coronary artery disease (CAD) have revealed 58 genome-wide significant and 148 suggestive genetic loci. However, the molecular mechanisms through which they contribute to CAD and the clinical implications of these findings remain largely unknown. We aim to retrieve gene subnetworks of the 206 CAD loci and identify and prioritize candidate regulators to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying the genetic associations.

Approach and Results:
We devised a new integrative genomics approach that incorporated i) candidate genes from the top CAD loci, ii) the complete genetic association results from the CARDIoGRAM-C4D CAD GWAS, iii) tissue-specific gene regulatory networks that depict the potential relationship and interactions between genes, and iv) tissue-specific gene expression patterns between CAD patients and controls. The networks and top ranked regulators according to these data-driven criteria were further queried against literature, experimental evidence, and drug information to evaluate their disease relevance and potential as drug targets. Our analysis uncovered several potential novel regulators of CAD such as
LUM
and
STAT3
, which possess properties suitable as drug targets. We also revealed molecular relations and potential mechanisms through which the top CAD loci operate. Furthermore, we found that extracellular matrix genes coordinate multiple CAD-relevant biological processes such as complement and coagulation cascades and lipid metabolism through tissue-specific interactions in the CAD networks.

Conclusion:
Our data-driven integrative genomics framework unraveled tissue-specific relations among the candidate genes of the CAD GWAS loci and prioritized novel network regulatory genes orchestrating biological processes relevant to CAD.
Abstract 100: Neuroprotection Provided by Transnasal Airflow-Induced Brain Cooling in a Model of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yang Zeng-Jin , Hopkins C. Danielle , Adams Shawn , Kulikowicz Ewa , Tandri Harikrishna S , Koehler Raymond C
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
High transnasal airflow at ambient temperature increases evaporative cooling of the nasal passages and drives a countercurrent heat exchange between cooled venous blood draining the nasal turbinates with cephalic arterial blood.

Hypothesis:
High transnasal airflow is not inferior to standard surface cooling in protecting the brain in an infant swine model of asphyxic cardiac arrest.

Methods:
Arterial O2 saturation was decreased to ~35% for 45 min followed by 7 min airway occlusion to produce asphyxic cardiac arrest in 2-week-old anesthetized piglets (4 kg). Viable neuronal counts were assessed at 6 days of recovery in 6 groups (n=5-9): 1) sham surgery, 2) normothermic recovery, 3) surface cooling to decrease rectal temperature from 38.5 to 34C between 10-120 min 4) transnasal cooling with airflow of 32 L/min from 10-120 min, 5) surface cooling onset delayed until 120 min ROSC, and 6) transnasal cooling delayed by 120 min ROSC. In all 4 cooling groups, hypothermia was sustained at 34C with surface cooling until 20 h ROSC followed by 6-8 h of rewarming.

Results:
Nasal airflow of 32 L/min decreased brain temperature from 38.3±0.3°C to 33.8±0.6 within 60 min without spatial temperature gradients in these 45-g brains. Surface cooling and transnasal airflow rescued the number of viable neurons in putamen from 38±23% (% of sham viable neurons; ±SD) in the normothermic group to 67±33% and 76±36%, respectively, when initiated at 10 min ROSC, and to 72±30% and 61±25%, respectively, when initiated at 120 min. In sensorimotor cortex, surface cooling and transnasal airflow rescued neurons from 56±36% in the normothermic group to 89±37% and 89±29%, respectively, when initiated at 10 min ROSC, and to 84±19% and 81±28%, respectively, when initiated at 120 min.

Conclusions:
The use of a high transnasal airflow is as effective as standard surface cooling when initiated at 10 or 120 min after ROSC in protecting vulnerable putamen and sensorimotor cortex from asphyxic cardiac arrest in infant piglets. Because of its simplicity, portability, and low cost, we postulate that transnasal cooling potentially could be deployed in the field by first responders for early initiation of brain cooling prior to maintenance with standard surface cooling after pediatric cardiac arrest.
Abstract 107: Cardiac Arrest Outcomes After Target Temperature Management With an Esophageal Cooling Device
Authors: Wayne Marvin A , Anderson Cedar , Fisher Rick , Berry Donald , Diestelhorst J.Brad
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Optimal patient care after cardiac arrest includes targeted temperature management (TTM). Methods typically utilized for patient temperature control, including ice-packs, servo-controlled surface pads, and intravascular catheters. A new device placed in the esophagus that cools from the patient’s core may offer advantages over other methods. It avoids risks from intravascular catheters, reduces shivering from surface contact, and allows core temperature control to be rapidly performed, after placement, by nursing staff.

Hypothesis:
Using a nurse driven protocol we sought to quantify patient outcomes, after TTM, using an esophageal device, in our mixed-population intensive care unit.

Methods:
We reviewed the charts of all patients treated with esophageal TTM as part of our standard post-arrest bundle at our advanced community medical center. We recorded patient age, gender, target temperature, TTM initiation time, the time goal temperature was attained, and patient survival.

Results:
A total of 54 patients were treated with esophageal TTM over the study period, from August 2016 to November 2018. Of these 2 recovered and had treatment discontinued prior to reaching target, leaving 52 for analysis (19 female, 33 male, age 18-79, median age 62.5). Nurses placed all ETM devices, and target temperatures varied by clinician preference, from 32°C to 36°C. Survival to ICU discharge was 51.9% for the entire cohort, with male survival (61%) greater than female (37%), p=0.10; however, Cfor the entire cohort was 219 minutes (IQR 81-415). Survivors exhibited longer times to achieve goal temperature (median 180 minutes in non-survivors vs. 255 minutes in survivors).

Conclusions:
Esophageal TTM offers a nurse-driven approach to obtain rapid core temperature management, with good outcomes in our patient population. As seen elsewhere, surviving patients require longer times to reach target temperature.
Abstract 108: Optimal In-Hospital Defibrillator Placement
Authors: Leung Kwan Hon Benjamin , Yang Matthew , Sun Christopher , Allan Katherine S , Wong Natalie , Chan Timothy
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Delays in defibrillation of in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) can reduce the likelihood of survival. Mathematical optimization has been shown to improve public location defibrillator placement but has not been applied to in-hospital defibrillator placement.

Objective:
To determine if mathematical optimization of in-hospital defibrillator placements can reduce distances to IHCAs compared to current placements in a large academic teaching hospital.

Methods:
We identified all treated IHCAs and defibrillator placements in St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Canada from Jan. 2007 to Jun. 2017 and mapped them to a 3-D representation of the hospital that we developed from blueprints. An equal number of optimal defibrillator locations was identified using a mathematical optimization model that minimizes the average distance between IHCAs and the closest defibrillator in a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The optimized and current defibrillator locations were compared in terms of average distance to the out-of-sample IHCAs in each fold. We repeated the analysis excluding IHCAs and defibrillators in intensive care units (ICUs), operating theaters (OTs), and the emergency department (ED). Significance in the difference of average distance was determined using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
We identified 537 treated IHCAs and 53 defibrillators within the hospital during the study period. Of these, 236 IHCAs and 38 defibrillators were outside of ICUs, OTs, and the ED. Optimal defibrillator placements reduced the average defibrillator-to-IHCA distance from 17.1 m to 3.8 m, a relative decrease of 77.8% (P<0.01) on all IHCAs compared to current defibrillator placements. For non-ICU/OT/ED IHCAs, the average distance was reduced from 18.3 m to 9.8 m, a relative decrease of 46.4% (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
Optimization-guided placement of in-hospital defibrillators can significantly reduce the distance from an IHCA to the closest defibrillator.
Abstract 109: Automated External Defibrillators Are Rarely Used for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Denmark
Authors: Staerk Mathilde , Lauridsen Kasper G , Krogh Kristian , Kirkegaard Hans , Løfgren Bo
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) are widely distributed in the pre-hospital setting and reported to reduce time to defibrillation and increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. During in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), AEDs may allow for early defibrillation before the cardiac arrest team arrives with a manual defibrillator. However, the effect of AEDs for IHCA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate AED usage and contribution to defibrillation before cardiac arrest team arrival during IHCA.

Methods:
We obtained data on IHCAs in 2016 and 2017 from the Danish nationwide registry on IHCA (DANARREST). Data included information on initial rhythm, type of defibrillator, time to first rhythm analysis, time to arrival of the cardiac arrest team, time to first defibrillation, and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Results:
Of 4,496 IHCAs, AEDs were used in 421 resuscitation attempts (9%). Time registrations were excluded for 6 non-shockable IHCAs due to errors in registration. Of the 421 IHCAs, 82% (n=347) were non-shockable and 16% (n=68) were shockable (data missing for 6 IHCAs). ROSC was achieved in 46% (n=158) of patients with non-shockable rhythms and 59% (n=40) of patients with shockable rhythms. For IHCAs with a shockable rhythm and usage of an AED, rhythm analysis was performed before arrival of the cardiac arrest team in 50% (n=34) of cases and defibrillation with an AED were performed in 46% (n=27) of the cases. Patients with shockable rhythms defibrillated before arrival of the cardiac team, more often achieved ROSC compared to patients defibrillated after cardiac arrest team arrival (p=0.0024). Data regarding time registration are shown in the table.

Conclusion:
AEDs are used in approximately 1 of 10 resuscitation attempts in Danish hospitals and contribute to defibrillation before arrival of the cardiac arrest team in 1 of 14 cardiac arrest patients.