bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphodiesterase-IV Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutics for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Lombardo Louis J.
Published: September 2022

The identification and characterization of the multiple isoforms of the phosphodiesterase enzyme has generated considerable interest in the preparation of selective inhibitors of these isozymes. Phosphodiesterase-IV (PDE-IV) is a cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase which has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory and immune cell activation. Thus, it has been proposed that selective PDE-IV inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

A diversity of structural types have been reported as selective PDE-IV inhibitors. Molecular modeling studies have played an important role in the discovery of these agents. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of novel inhibitors and their associated in vitro
and in vivo profiles will be discussed.
Tachykinin Antagonists
Authors: Lowe III John A. , McLean Stafford
Published: September 2022

The discovery of nonpeptide antagonists of the tachykinin peptides substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B has greatly accelerated pharmacological characterization of the role of these peptides and their receptors (NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3) in the central nervous system (CNS). The extensive structural diversity of the nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists offers considerable potential for therapeutic agents targeting this system, and includes NK-1 antagonists such as: I. the quinuclidine amines (CP-96,345) and related ethers, 2. the piperidine amines (CP-99,994) and related ethers and acyclic variants, 3. the isoindolines such as RP 67,580 and RPR 100,893, 4. the 2-benzylpiperidines CGP-47,899 and CGP 49,823, 5. the peptide-derived FK-888, and 6. SR-140,333, as well as NK-2 antagonists such as SR-48,968, and GR-159,897, and NK-3 antagonists such as PD- 157,652 and SR-142,801. Important new pharmacological insights facilitated by these compounds indicate a role for tachykinin peptides in control of dopamine function in the CNS, emesis, pain, and neurogenic inflammation. These compounds have also enabled characterization of the nonpeptide antagonist binding site on the NK-1 receptor, providing insight on the mechanism of receptor antagonism to help in the design of new compounds. Hence the nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists continue to play an important role in characterizing biochemical, pharmacological, and potential therapeutic aspects of the tachykinin peptides.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Freidinger R. M. , Bock M. G. , Freedman S. B. , Matassa V. G.
Published: September 2022

Receptor antagonists of the endogenous peptide CCK have potential therapeutic utility for the treatment of a number of gastrointestinal and central nervous system disorders. This article reviews recent developments in the general area of CCK receptor/ligand research. Particular emphasis is placed on the potent, selective, orally active nonpeptide antagonists. Important aspects of the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of these agents are described. Recent advances in CCK receptor molecular biology which are providing information on ligand-receptor interactions are discussed.
Neurotensin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Chakravarty Prasun K. , Ransom Richard W.
Published: September 2022

Neurotensin (NT), a peptide hormone widely distributed in the CNS and GI tract of mammals, participates in a wide spectrum of central and peripheral biological functions by interacting with specific membrane bound receptors. Recently, NT receptors related to rat brain and human brain have been cloned and sequenced, and has been shown to belong to the G-protein family of receptors. In addition to its normal biological functions, NT has also been implicated in a variety of CNS and GI related disorders, and suitable antagonists of this hormone would be valuable tools for investigating the roles of NT in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Although considerable efforts have been directed toward synthesis of peptide analogues, this approach failed to provide pure antagonists of NT. Recently, screening of chemical compound libraries and lead optimization techniques, used at various industrial laboratories, have led to the discovery of several potent and structurally diverse nonpeptide antagonists. The medicinal chemistry and biological properties of these nonpeptide NT antagonists are described in this review. In addition, the biological aspects of NT and its receptors, and potential clinical utilities of NT agonists or antagonists are also discussed .
New Insights on the Role of Bioactive Food Derivatives in Neurodegeneration and
Neuroprotection
Authors: Fisette Alexandre , Sergi Domenico , Breton-Morin Alyssa , Descôteaux Savanah , Martinoli Maria-Grazia
Published: September 2022

Over the last three decades, neurodegenerative diseases have received increasing attention due to
their frequency in the aging population and the social and economic burdens they are posing. In parallel, an
era’s worth of research in neuroscience has shaped our current appreciation of the complex relationship
between nutrition and the central nervous system. Particular branches of nutrition continue to galvanize neuroscientists,
in particular the diverse roles that bioactive food derivatives play on health and disease. Bioactive
food derivatives are nowadays recognized to directly impact brain homeostasis, specifically with respect to their
actions on cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis
and autophagy. However, ambiguities still exist regarding the significance of the influence of bioactive food
derivatives on human health. In turn, gut microbiota dysbiosis is emerging as a novel player in the pathogenesis
of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, several routes of communication exist between the gut and the brain,
where molecules are either released in the bloodstream or directly transported to the CNS. As such, bioactive
food derivatives can modulate the complex ecosystem of the gut-brain axis, thus, targeting this communication
network holds promises as a neuroprotective tool. This review aims at addressing one of the emerging aspects
of neuroscience, particularly the interplay between food bioactive derivatives and neurodegeneration. We will
specifically address the role that polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids play in preventing neurodegenerative diseases
and how dietary intervention complements available pharmacological approaches.
Research Progress of Pectin Methylesterase and its Inhibitors
Authors: Guo Xiaoqiang , Chang Shan , Hu Jianping , Wang Yueteng , Zhang Derong , Huang Lifen , Zhang Zelan , Gao Jiaxing , Liu Wei , He Gan
Published: September 2022

As an important pectin enzyme, pectin methylesterase (PME) can hydrolyze methyl esters, release methanol and reduce esterification. It is essential in regulating pollen tube development, root extension, and fruit ripening. Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEI) can specifically bind PME and inhibit its activity, which jointly determines the esterification degree of pectin. PMEI has important application prospects in plant pest control, fruits and vegetable processing fields. In this paper, the gene families, crystal structures, molecular recognition, and applications in plants and industry are reviewed for the PME and PMEI systems. Finally, the semi-rational design of PMEI is discussed and discussed prospected.
Mechanisms of Metallic Nanomaterials to Induce an Antibacterial Effect
Authors: Rodríguez-Barajas Noé , de Jesús Martín-Camacho Ubaldo , Pérez-Larios Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, are becoming resistant to most existing
drugs, which increases the failure of pharmacologic treatment. Therefore, new nanomaterials were
studied to spearhead improvement against the same resistant pathogenic bacteria. This has increased
the mortality in the world population, principally in under-developed countries. Moreover, recently
there has been research to find new drug formulations to kill the most dangerous microorganisms,
such as bacteria cells which should avoid the spread of disease. Therefore, lately, investigations
have been focusing on nanomaterials because they can exhibit the capacity to show an antibacterial
effect. These studies have been trying oriented in their ability to produce an improvement to get antibacterial damage against the same pathogenic bacteria resistance. However, there are many problems with the use of nanoparticles. One of them is understanding how they act against bacteria,
"their mechanism(s) action" to induce reduction or even kill the bacterial strains. Therefore, it is essential to understand the specific mechanism(s) of each nanomaterial used to observe the interaction
between bacteria cells and nanoparticles. In addition, since nanoparticles can be functionalized with
different antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to consider and distinguish the antibacterial activity of
the nanoparticles from the antibacterial activity of the drugs to avoid confusion about how the nanoparticles work. Knowledge of these differences can help better understand the applications of the
primary nanoparticles (i.e., Ag, Au, CuO, ZnO, and TiO2, among others) described in detail in this
review which are toxic against various bacterial strains.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nucleozin Sulfonyl Piperazine
Derivatives as Anti-influenza A Virus Inhibitors
Authors: Pei Shuchen , Chen Junlin , Yang Jinhua , Lai Lin , Huang Xiang , Xu Mingxin , Chen Jun
Published: September 2022

Influenza A viruses have caused worldwide epidemics and pandemics by reassortment and
generation of drug-resistant mutants, which leads to an urgent need to develop novel antivirals. In this
study, a series of sulfonyl piperazine nucleozin derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their
in vitro anti-influenza activity was evaluated. Many of these compounds exhibited moderate to good
anti-influenza activity against influenza A. Among these, 6d, 6g, 6h, 6i, and 6j exhibited better activity
than ribavirin. 2,3-dichlorobenzene substituted analogue 6i displayed the most remarkable in vitro
activity against Influenza A. All the derivatives show no obvious cellular growth inhibition against
MDCK cells. This study reported a new series of nucleoprotein inhibitors with a good selectivity window
and potential for further development as novel anti-influenza agents.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Flavone Derivatives
Authors: Potey Lata C. , Sabale Prafulla M. , Sabale Vidya P.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Cancer is a complex disease in which some of the cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.
Objective: The present study focuses on molecular docking and synthesis of novel flavone derivatives substituted with heterocyclic rings.

Objective:

The present study focuses on molecular docking and synthesis of novel flavone derivatives substituted with heterocyclic rings.

Methods:

The anticancer activity of novel flavones against human aromatase enzyme using human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 through MTT assay was demonstrated. The synthesized compounds for the determination of single or double-strand DNA damage through the single-cell electrophoresis/comet assay were evaluated.

Results:

In this study, we found that the derivative 3M with Morpholine ring showed the highest anticancer potency against the MCF-7 cell line compared to that of other flavone derivatives. Compound 3T showed less cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings, flavone scaffolds can be selected as a skeleton for the development of heterocyclic amine-containing flavones with the potential to develop as anticancer drugs.
Recent Advancements in Biomimetic Drug Delivery System of Single-
Chain Fatty Acids as Ufasomes and Ufosomes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kaur Lakhvir , Kaur Manjeet , Singh Gurjeet , Singh Lovepreet , Kaur Amarjeet , Dhawan R. K.
Published: September 2022

The current review is focused on many carrier systems and technologies that have recently been explored for achieving controlled drug release, promoting therapeutic potential, and selectivity. Among various carrier systems, the vesicular drug delivery system is the highly effective method of delivering medication to the infection site resulting in minimal drug toxicity and adverse effects. Various research studies have been conducted to reduce drug loss and degradation, prevent unwanted side effects, improve drug bioavailability, and retain the fraction of drug in the necessary region. To achieve these goals novel vesicular drug delivery and vesicular drug targeting systems, such as ufasomes and ufosomes, are currently under research. They are highly ordered self-assembled novel vesicular drug delivery systems formed from disordered building blocks into highly ordered systems by specific inter-block mutual interactions. These two carrier systems are separately being studied for their efficacy to improve the effectiveness of various drugs. In this perspective, we summarized the basic concept and recent studies on ufasomes and ufosomes for drug delivery along with pertinent investigations in the present review. The vesicular systems discussed in this article are given chronologically, from existing systems to advanced fatty acid vesicles. Drug design and development using ufasome and ufosome vesicular systems have added a new dimension to the treatment of disease conditions by circumventing penetration limiting obstacles and therefore increasing efficacy.
Electric strength of dielectrics under influence of bipolar voltage pulses of submicrosecond duration
Authors: Vazhov V. F.  , Petrenko E. V.  , Yudin A. S.
Published: September 2022

The development of electric pulse technologies for the destruction of solids states (rocks) --- drilling, cutting and crushing requires reduction of high pulse voltages. In this work, for the first time, studies are proposed and carried out to determine the breakdown voltages of various dielectric media (air, water, rocks) while simultaneously supplying two pulses to the electrode system by two high voltage generators of different polarity --- positive and negative, which halves the operating impulse voltage each generator. In addition, experiments have shown that for all media there is a decrease in breakdown voltage in comparison with a monopolar voltage pulse, which reaches 28% --- for the breakdown of sandstone, 23% --- granite, 24% --- water, 25% --- air. A physical explanation of the discovered effect is given. Keywords: monopolar and bipolar pulse voltage, breakdown voltage, discharge channel.
Infuence of Ba atov adsorption and implanation of Ba-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- ions on the electronic structure of single crystalline Ge
Authors: D.A. Tashmukhamedova  , B.E. Umirzakov  , Y.S. Ergashov  , M.B. Yusupzhanova  , R.M. Yorkulov
Published: September 2022

The effect of the adsorption of Ba atoms with a thickness of theta≤3-4 monolayers and the implantation of Ba+ ions with an energy of E0=0.5-2 keV on the density of states of electrons in the valence band, the parameters of the energy bands, and the emission and optical properties of Ge(111) has been studied for the first time. It is shown that during the adsorption of Ba atoms with theta=1 monolayer, the value of the thermoelectric work function φ decreases by ~ 1.9 eV, and the value of the secondary electron emission coefficient and the quantum yield of photoelectrons Y increases by 1.5-2 times. In the case of implantation of Ba+ ions with E0=0.5 keV at an irradiation dose D=6·1016 cm-2, the density of state of valence electrons and the parameters of the energy bands change sharply; the quantum yield of photoelectrons increases by a factor of 2 or more. The observed changes are explained by the formation on the surface of a thin (~25-30 Angstrem) amorphous doped layer consisting of nanoscale phases of the Ba-Ge type (~60-65 at.%). And excess (unbound) Ba and Ge atoms. In this case, the band gap Eg decreases by ~ 0.3 eV. Keywords: Ion implantation, quantum yield of photoelectrons, emission efficiency, heating, band gap, amorphous layer.
Electron transport in single colloidal quantum dots in an interelectrode nanogap
Authors: Zhukov N. D.  , Gavrikov M. V.
Published: September 2022

Based on the current-voltage characteristics of single colloidal QDs -InSb, -PbS, -HgSe, -CdSe quantum dots, on random samples statistically determined and investigated the mechanisms of barrier and ballistic tunneling, Coulomb confinement, quasi-periodic modulation of electron transport in the model of a deep extended potential well and depending on QDs size and de Broglie wavelength for the electron. The possibility of manifestation of Bloch oscillations has been experimentally confirmed. The parameters of all investigated processes were determined and tabulated. Keywords: Nanoparticle, quantum dot, dimensional quantization, quantum selection, barrier and ballistic tunneling, Coulomb confinement, Coulomb ladder, Bloch oscillations.
Concentration cell based on electrogenic processes in the root environment
Authors: Kuleshova T.E.  , Panova G.G.  , Gall N.R.  , Galushko A.S.
Published: September 2022

The experimental bioelectrochemical current source based on the concentration gradient of charge carriers in the root environment of plants has been created. A potential difference of about 70 mV is observed in the nutrient solution. It is gradually decreasing due to equalization of concentrations. The voltage increases to 200 mV when plant are placed in a cultivation system as the root system develops due to the intensification of diffusion processes. The potential-forming role of nitrate forms of nitrogen is shown on the example of lettuce grown according to the panoponics technology. The separation of electrical charges by the root system during the life of plants can become an alternative source of green energy. Keywords: rhizosphere, bioelectric potential, panoponics, green energy.
Compression wave structure under plane impact deformation of a molybdenum single crystal [100] with different initial density of dislocations
Authors: Garkushin G.V.  , Savinykh A.S.  , Razorenov S.V.  , Paramonova I.V.
Published: September 2022

The features of the evolution of the elastic-plastic compression wave in Mo single crystals along the crystallographic plane [100], having a different initial dislocation structure formed by small deformations of varying degrees of static compression at room temperature, have been studied. The analysis of wave profiles recorded using the VISAR laser interferometer in samples of different thicknesses showed a non-monotonic change in the Hugoniot elastic limit depending on the initial dislocation density pre-strain of a single crystal by compression reduces the Hugoniot elastic limit by 3 times. Keywords: Single crystal, small deformations, compression wave evolution, wave profile, VISAR interferometer.
3.8 THz quantum cascade laser grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Bagaev T. A.  , Ladugin M. A.  , Marmalyuk A. A.  , Danilov A. I.  , Ushakov D. V.  , Afonenko A. A.  , Zaytsev A. A.  , Maremyanin K. V.  , Morozov S. V.  , Gavrilenko V. I.  , Galiev R. R.  , Pavlov A. Yu.  , Pushkarev S. S.  , Ponomarev D. S.  , Khabibullin R. A.
Published: September 2022

We have demonstrated a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with a generation frequency of about 3.8 THz, grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The multilayer heterostructure for QCLs consists of 185 repetitions of an active module containing four GaAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As quantum wells. The threshold current and threshold voltage of the fabricated QCL were 2.25 kA/cm2 and 19.7 V, respectively. The QCL oscillations were carried out in the multimode regime, and the detection of terahertz radiation continued with an increase in the laser temperature up to 60 K. Keywords: quantum cascade lasers, terahertz, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, quantum well, QCL, MOCVD, MOVPE.
Numerical simulation of supersonic gas flow in a conical nozzle with local plasma heating
Authors: Voronin S. T.
Published: September 2022

The results of calculations and experiments on plasma heating of the supersonic flow of gases in the conical nozzle by an external high-frequency inductor are given. The simulation was carried out in order to increase the specific impulse and efficiency of the liquid rocket engine. The results of numerical simulations are qualitatively consistent with the experiments conducted in a water-cooled quartz reactor. Keywords: Low-temperature plasma, specific high-frequency power, skin layer.
Features of the behavior of laser ultrasonic signals near a hole in duralumin when exposed to two misaligned mechanical stresses
Authors: Glazov A. L.  , Muratikov K. L.
Published: September 2022

The effect of misaligned mechanical stresses on the excitation of ultrasonic vibrations by focused laser radiation near a small-diameter hole in aluminum alloy is investigated. The analysis of the behavior of the signal at various mutual angles and values of two uniaxial stresses is carried out. It is shown that at certain angles under the action of mechanical stresses, not only the contrast of laser ultrasound images changes, but also their rotation as a whole relative to the center of the hole can occur. The possibility of disappearance of the linear component of laser ultrasonic signals at certain characteristics of stress and appearance of a nonlinear component is also demonstrated. Keywords: diagnostics, nondestructive evaluation, mechanical stress, laser ultrasound.
Luminescent and dosimetric properties of magnesium oxide ceramics synthesized by a high-energy electron beam
Authors: Nikiforov S.V.  , Lisitsyn V.M.  , Ananchenko D.V.  , Kasatkina Y.P.  , Golkovski M.G.  , Ishchenko A.V.
Published: September 2022

For the first time, samples of magnesium oxide ceramics were obtained by a method based on irradiation of the oxide powders with a beam of fast electrons. Luminescence centers associated with intrinsic and impurity defects were found in the obtained samples. A comparative analysis of the thermoluminescence (TL) curves and dose dependencies of TL of MgO ceramics obtained by the radiation and thermochemical methods is carried out. The linear dose dependence of the TL peak at 370 K excited by a pulsed electron beam (130 keV, 1.5-30 kGy) is shown to be the main advantage of MgO ceramics for their use in TL dosimetry. Possible reasons for improving the linearity of the dose characteristics of the newly created ceramics in comparison with analogs are discussed. Keywords: magnesium oxide, thermoluminescent dosimetry, dose response, oxygen vacancies, pulsed cathodoluminescence.
Role of the shadowing effect in the growth kinetics of III-V nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Dubrovskii V. G.  , Rylkova M. V.  , Sokolovskii A. S.  , Sokolova Zh. V.  , Mikushev S. V.
Published: September 2022

A model for III-V nanowire (NW) growth in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is developed, which describes the NW growth by surface diffusion of adatoms influenced by the shadowing effect. It is shown that the shadowing effect strongly influences the growth kinetics in dense ensembles of NWs. A new solution for the NW length as a function of its radius and deposition thickness is obtained. A comparison is given for theoretical and experimental lengths of InP NWs grown on either adsorbing or reflecting substrates. Keywords: nanowires, adatom diffusion, shadowing effect.
Stabilization of a single-frequency generation of the injection-seeded pulsed solid-state laser
Authors: Mikhaylyuk A. V.  , Gubskiy K. L.  , Kazieva T. V.  , Kuznetsov A. P.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of developing the single-frequency pulsed Nd : YAG laser system at the 660 nm wavelength with a pulse duration of 50 ns and repetition rate of 1-10 Hz, operating in a Q-switched mode with injection of external radiation. Various schemes of forming a feedback system for controlling the spectral composition of the laser system are considered. It is shown that the method of locking the master oscillator frequency to the mode of the pulsed laser cavity has a number of advantages over the method of stabilizing the cavity length. Keywords: Solid-state laser, Q-switching modulation, injection of radiation.
Detection of a chaotic signal with noise by quantization over several amplitude levels in the model of a radio engineering chaos generator
Authors: Kuzmin L.V.
Published: September 2022

A method for detecting a continuous chaotic signal with a Gaussian noise by quantizing over four amplitudes and comparing the parameters of the obtained discrete sequence with the parameters of a similar sequence for a non-noisy chaotic signal is proposed. A quantization scheme is developed. It is determined by the structure of the phase space of a dynamic system that generates a chaotic signal. The source of the chaotic signal is a model of a radio engineering generator. The identified chaotic signal has a positive senior Lyapunov exponent and a continuous power spectrum. Keywords: chaotic signals, detection of chaotic signals, non-coherent reception of chaotic signals, quantization of chaotic oscillations.
Monitoring Mentions of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects on Japanese and Indonesian Twitter: Infodemiological Study
Authors: Ferawati Kiki , Liew Kongmeng , Aramaki Eiji , Wakamiya Shoko
Published: September 2022

Background

The year 2021 was marked by vaccinations against COVID-19, which spurred wider discussion among the general population, with some in favor and some against vaccination. Twitter, a popular social media platform, was instrumental in providing information about the COVID-19 vaccine and has been effective in observing public reactions. We focused on tweets from Japan and Indonesia, 2 countries with a large Twitter-using population, where concerns about side effects were consistently stated as a strong reason for vaccine hesitancy.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate how Twitter was used to report vaccine-related side effects and to compare the mentions of these side effects from 2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine types developed by Pfizer and Moderna, in Japan and Indonesia.

Methods

We obtained tweet data from Twitter using Japanese and Indonesian keywords related to COVID-19 vaccines and their side effects from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. We then removed users with a high frequency of tweets and merged the tweets from multiple users as a single sentence to focus on user-level analysis, resulting in a total of 214,165 users (Japan) and 12,289 users (Indonesia). Then, we filtered the data to select tweets mentioning Pfizer or Moderna only and removed tweets mentioning both. We compared the side effect counts to the public reports released by Pfizer and Moderna. Afterward, logistic regression models were used to compare the side effects for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for each country.

Results

We observed some differences in the ratio of side effects between the public reports and tweets. Specifically, fever was mentioned much more frequently in tweets than would be expected based on the public reports. We also observed differences in side effects reported between Pfizer and Moderna vaccines from Japan and Indonesia, with more side effects reported for the Pfizer vaccine in Japanese tweets and more side effects with the Moderna vaccine reported in Indonesian tweets.

Conclusions

We note the possible consequences of vaccine side effect surveillance on Twitter and information dissemination, in that fever appears to be over-represented. This could be due to fever possibly having a higher severity or measurability, and further implications are discussed.
Waria, Islam and Regional Autonomy
Authors: Suvianita Khanis , Udasmoro Prof. Dr. Wening , Setio Ph.D Robert
Published: September 2022

This paper based on reseach data collection on waria (transwoman) and religion from Gorontalo. Regional authonomy and desentralisation are the momentum for local government to implementation shariah by law. By using the Islamic discources and “Serambi Madinah” narrative, local government and Islamic organizations force the practice of sharia by law into daily life. Starting from controlling women’s bodies and sexuality in public has limit the interaction and relation with waria. Women slowly have a distance to waria. The customer of waria’s salon are gradually decrasing. Moreover, gender waria category is contested among the Muslim groups. Waria seems always in dilemma that make them potentially vulnerable to get violence and marginalization. Waria present starts to be limited in public, they cannot expreassing themselves as “Muslim women” in formal setting because their gender category isn’t exist.
Processing of Probiotic Pomegranate Juice Using Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Tiwari Rohit Narayan , Singh Divya , Tripathi Dr. (Prof.) Indu K. , Tripathi Dr. Narendra
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The study was undertaken for production of probiotic pomegranate juice through its fermentation by two strains of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum & L. acidophilus. Pasteurization of freshly prepared pomegranate juice at 80°Cfor 15 min was conducted to decrease the microbial population to below the detection limit. Fermentation was carried out at 37°C for 72 hrs. The parameters like, microbial population, pH, titrable acidity, and sugar (glucose) were measured during the fermentation period and viability of all the strains was also determined during the storage time at 4°C within week. The results indicated that L. plantarum & L. acidophilus decreased the pH sharply at initial stages of fermentation, sugar consumption was also higher and better microbial growth was also observed for these two strains during fermentation. L. acidophilus showed higher viability during the storage time than L. plantarum. Viable cells remained at their maximum level within 2 weeks but decreased dramatically after 3 weeks. The Pomegranate juice proved to be a suitable media for production of a probiotic drink.
USO DE EMULSÃO LIPÍDICA COMO ANTÍDOTO CONTRA CARDIOTOXICIDADE POR AGENTES LIPÍDICOS OU INIBIDORES DE METABOLISMO LIPÍDICO MITOCONDRIAL
Authors: Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues , Rocha Anne Karoline Araújo , Viana Tiago de Sousa , Costa Juliana Ciarlini
Published: September 2022

As Emulsões Lipídicas Intravenosas (ELI) têm sido usadas, há muitos anos, para fornecer suporte nutricional parenteral a pacientes hospitalizados. No entanto, recentemente, tem havido um interesse crescente em seu papel como antídoto em potencial para uso em pacientes com cardiotoxicidade grave causada por efeito tóxico de diferentes substâncias. No contexto atual, com crescentes casos de tentativa de suicídio por medicamentos diversos, incluindo fármacos lipídicos cardiotóxicos, a possibilidade de utilização das ELI como andídoto torna-se potencialmente relevante. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a aplicação de Emulsões Lipídicas Intravenosas como antídoto contra a cardiotoxicidade induzida por medicamentos, e compreender os avanços dessa técnica, bem como a sua eficácia e segurança na utilização para este fim. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, tomando como base artigos científicos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, selecionados nas bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, na biblioteca eletrônica Google Acadêmico e em sites de instituições oficiais. Apesar de estudos contínuos para aplicação da ELI como um antídoto na cardiotoxicidade induzida por drogas, a literatura disponível ainda é insuficiente para fornecer informações acertivas quanto à dose ideal, duração do tratamento e perfil de efeitos adversos. Levantamos, assim, a discussão para que sejam realizados novos estudos sobre esta que pode ser uma importante ferramenta no tratamento de intoxicações agudas por fármacos lipídicos que culminam em cardiotoxicidade.
Palavras-chave: Emulsão lipídica intravenosa. Antídoto. Cardiotoxicidade.
Intoxicação por inalação de cianeto decorrente de incêndios em ambientes fechados
Authors: Silva João Pedro Pereira da , Batista Maria Esilene Valença , Barreto Cícera Kaline Gomes , Rocha Isis Catharine Araújo , Pinto Natalia Bitu
Published: September 2022

Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a intoxicação por cianeto, enfatizando os incêndios em locais fechados, mecanismo de ação, sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, selecionando artigos entre 2010 e 2018. O cianeto de hidrogênio funciona como poderoso asfixiante, podendo levar à morte por parada respiratória em poucos minutos. Os sinais e sintomas tendem a ser inespecíficos e o diagnóstico ainda é um desafio, o que dificulta o tratamento adequado e o uso de antídotos específicos.
ANSIEDADE PRÉ-NATAL E SEUS IMPACTOS NA PROGRAMAÇÃO FETAL
Authors: Giancarlo Francischini Gomes  , Fukushima André Rinaldi , Maria Aparecida Nicoletti
Published: September 2022

Sabe-se que a presença de transtornos mentais durante o período gestacional é capaz de impactar o feto, programando-o ao desenvolvimento futuro de uma série de distúrbios neurocomportamentais. O campo da ciência conhecido como Origens Desenvolvimentistas da Saúde e da Doença, responsável por estudos acerca da programação fetal, ainda é bem recente. Dessa forma, os mecanismos envolvidos nas alterações intrauterinas permanecem em discussão. Objetiva-se apontar evidências a respeito da programação fetal e discutir a potencialidade das alternativas não farmacológicas no alívio de sintomas psiquiátricos e emocionais em gestantes. É uma revisão integrativa da literatura publicada em português e inglês, preferencialmente entre 2010 e 2020, a partir das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, bem como em sites de instituições públicas e privadas, nacionais e internacionais. Foram discutidos estudos sobre o impacto que o sofrimento materno exerce no eixo HPA fetal, bem como nos processos epigenéticos. Analisou-se o cenário da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no Brasil, propondo a sua utilização especialmente às gestantes. Os principais mecanismos da programação fetal atuam por diferentes vias e muitas vezes em conjunto. Em relação às estratégias, notou-se que elas parecem ser realmente eficazes ao público gestante, apresentando em uma delas efeitos positivos, inclusive, aos bebês. O cenário no Brasil, contudo, foi considerado pobre de estudos, apesar da disponibilidade de serviços gratuitos na Atenção Básica à Saúde.
REPERCUSSÕES DO USO DE CIGARROS ELETRÔNICOS DURANTE A GESTAÇÃO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO FETAL
Authors: Pinheiro Thayson Silva , Vazquez Gabriel Fernandez Vidal , Lima Junior João Batista Tavares de , Fonteles Ruan Pablo Cruz , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

Cigarros eletrônicos (CE) são dispositivos a base de nicotina e outras substâncias cuja mistura é aquecida para gerar vapor. A princípio, os CE foram utilizados como uma opção mais segura em relação aos cigarros convencionais (CC), tornando-se uma alternativa também para o uso durante a gestação. Contudo, estudos recentes têm mostrado indícios de toxicidade pelo uso dos CE para o organismo humano. O objetivo deste estudo é esclarecer, com base na literatura científica vigente, os possíveis efeitos do uso de CE durante a gestação sobre o desenvolvimento fetal humano. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita por intermédio das bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCOPUS e EMBASE, onde, inicialmente, 448 artigos foram encontrados; após serem aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, um total de seis estudos foram selecionados para compor esta revisão. Os resultados de três artigos associaram o uso dos CE a maior probabilidade de baixo peso ao nascer (BPN), nascimento prematuro (NP) e pequenez para a idade gestacional (PIG); entretanto, outros três estudos não apresentaram diferenças significativas acerca do BPN, NP e PIG em comparação aos cigarros convencionais (CC). Logo, nota-se que a segurança do uso de CE para o feto durante a gestação é questionável, uma vez que, embora alguns artigos não apresentem resultados definitivos, há estudos que indicam potenciais malefícios para o desenvolvimento fetal.
The culture of science communication in rural and regional Australia: the role of awe and wonder
Authors: Sinai Saba , Caffery Lisa , Cosby Amy
Published: September 2022

Experiences of awe and wonder are vital to science and innovation. In this practice insight we explore how these emotions shape the culture of science communication. In doing so, we examine how exclusively nature- and place-based experiences for awe and wonder are often features of resource-limited settings. We then describe strategies for awe- and wonder-centred science communication beyond reliance on nature or the power of place by detailing a successful hybrid resourcing model in a rural Australian science centre. We finish by describing the role of science communicators in engaging potential collaborators to enable science communication in resource-limited settings.
Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y el grado de fibrosis hepática medida por elastografía en tiempo real (Supersonic)
Authors: Alfonso Vergel Diana Carolina , Prieto Ortiz Jhon Edison
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) o hígado graso se caracteriza por una excesiva acumulación de grasa en el hígado, es un desorden metabólico con una prevalencia mundial cercana al 25 %, con un espectro de daño hepático que abarca la esteatosis sin fibrosis, esteatohepatitis con fibrosis variable y la cirrosis o grado máximo de fibrosis, dicha fibrosis determina el pronóstico y los desenlaces de la enfermedad.
Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el grado de fibrosis hepática en pacientes con diagnóstico de hígado graso en un centro de hepatología en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia.
Pacientes y métodos: se realiza un estudio de casos y controles de pacientes con diagnóstico de hígado graso, a quienes se les haya realizado elastografía en tiempo real (Supersonic). Se tomó la información de pacientes con diagnóstico de hígado graso que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Las variables continuas se describieron utilizando medidas de tendencia central y desviación estándar. Las variables categóricas se describieron con números y porcentajes. Se consideró un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % como estadísticamente significativo.
Resultados: se incluyeron 361 pacientes, de los cuales el 95,2 % (n = 344 pacientes) presentó algún grado de alteración (12 % fibrosis mínima, 33 % fibrosis moderada, 34 % fibrosis grave y 16 % cirrosis) y solo el 5 % mostró un hígado normal. No tener un adecuado peso se relaciona con fibrosis grave F3, odds ratio (OR): 3,24 (IC: 1,03-10) y cirrosis F4, OR: 2,33 (IC: 2,33-42,99). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la alteración del IMC y cualquier grado de fibrosis (OR: 2,74; IC: 0,90-8,40). La presencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) presenta una probabilidad de riesgo de 10 veces de terminar en cirrosis F4, en especial, con mal control de la enfermedad (OR: 5,16; IC: 1,23-30,33).
Conclusión: existe una asociación entre el IMC, el perfil glicémico anormal y el desarrollo de fibrosis grave y avanzada. En la práctica clínica, son necesarias una mayor vigilancia y evaluación de los pacientes con hígado graso, con el fin de evitar la progresión de la fibrosis.
Prevalencia de dispepsia funcional en adolescentes cubanos
Authors: Velasco-Benitez Carlos Alberto , Plasencia Vital Judith , Carassou Gutiérrez Mara , Fragoso Arbelo Trini , Minota Idárraga Ana Katerin
Published: September 2022

Introducción: los trastornos digestivos funcionales son frecuentes en niños; sin embargo, hay escasos datos sobre la dispepsia funcional (DF) en adolescentes cubanos.
Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de DF en adolescentes cubanos y sus posibles asociaciones.
Metodología: se usó el cuestionario para síntomas digestivos pediátricos de Roma IV en español para identificar la presencia de DF en adolescentes de 3 centros escolares de La Habana, Cuba. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográficas, personales, familiares, clínicas y epidemiológicas.
Resultados: de los 318 adolescentes que participaron en el estudio, 11 adolescentes (3,5 %) de 11,4 ± 1,2 años de edad, 81,8 % de sexo femenino, presentaron DF. La DF fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino (odds ratio [OR]: 5,33; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 1,06-51,45; p = 0,019). El síndrome de dificultad posprandial (SDP) fue mayor que el síndrome de dolor epigástrico (SDE) en una proporción 1,8:1. En el 63,6 % se presentó superposición entre DF y estreñimiento funcional. Hubo predominio de DF en los niños con padres separados/divorciados (OR: 4,74; IC 95 %: 1,09-28,31; p = 0,014).
Conclusión: la DF es más común en adolescentes femeninas, el SDP es el subtipo más frecuente y su presencia está asociada con padres separados/divorciados.
Afecciones, manifestaciones y repercusiones neurológicas del COVID-19.
Authors: Márquez Rosales Benjamín Alexánder , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Reyes Peña Sonia Elizabeth , Guerra Guerra Luisa Ivonne , Sanabria Aguilar Diana Paola
Published: September 2022

Introducción: El Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS-CoV-2) es la entidad patológica responsable de la actual pandemia que no solo genera un cuadro respiratorio distintivo sino que también se ha asociado con múltiples mecanismos de invasión al sistema nervioso central (SNC).

Objetivo: Determinar las afecciones, manifestaciones y repercusiones neurológicas que puede generar la infección por SARS-CoV-2.

Métodos: Revisión de la literatura científica de pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2, en quienes se evaluó desarrollo de afecciones, manifestaciones y repercusiones neurológicas, desenlace seleccionado en los estudios, presencia de afecciones micro y macroscópicas del SNC y periférico (SNP).

Resultados: Se estudiaron 40 artículos que analizaban la familia y estructura del SARS-CoV-2, mecanismos fisiopatológicos, manifestaciones clínicas neurológicas y las posibles repercusiones a nivel sistema nervioso central.

Conclusiones: El SARS-CoV-2  es una entidad patológica que se asocia a distintos mecanismos de intervención neurológica, por medio de infección directa al SNC, secundario a un proceso parainfeccioso y postinfeccioso, relacionado con el síndrome de tormenta de citoquinas, daño endotelial, trastornos trombóticos, adicionalmente de secundario a hipoxia, hipoxemia y fallo multiorgánico.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus AR156 - induced systemic resistance against multiple pathogens by priming of phytoalexin synthesis and secretion
Authors: Jiang Chunhao , Li Zi-Jie , Tang Shu-Ya , Ren Jin-Yao , Dong Wen-Pan , Xu Pei-Ling , Yang Wei , Zheng Ying , Yu Yi-Yang , Guo Jianhua , Luo Yu-Ming , Niu Dongdong
Published: September 2022

Phytoalexin plays an important role in plant immunity. However, the
mechanism of how phytoalexin is induced by beneficial microorganisms
against broad-spectrum pathogens remains elusive. This study showed that
B. cereus AR156 could trigger ISR against broad-spectrum disease.
RNA-seq and camalexin content assays showed that AR156-triggered ISR can
induce the accumulation of phytoalexin such as camalexin synthesis and
secretion-related genes. Moreover, it was found that AR156-triggered ISR
elevates camalexin accumulation by increasing the expression of
camalexin synthesis genes upon pathogen infection. Further studies
revealed that WRKY33 was required for the induction of camalexin
accumulation by AR156 during the pathogen infection. Compared to the
control inoculated with Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis
cinerea only, the biomass of P. capsici and B. cinerea in
AR156 pretreated wrky33 mutant plants were quite similar.
AR156-induced ISR resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv.
tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) was significantly attenuated
in the wrky33 mutant. Furthermore, the study reveals that AR156
could up-regulate the expression level of PEN3 and PDR12,
which act as camalexin transporter. In addition, we found that PEN3 and
PDR12 served as positive regulators involved in AR156-triggered ISR
against pathogens. Specifically, PEN3 and PDR12 participated in
AR156-triggered ISR against fungi and oomycetes, while PEN3 was involved
in AR156-triggered ISR against Pst DC3000. In summary, B.
cereus AR156 triggered induced systemic resistance against B.
cinerea, Pst DC3000 and P. capsici by priming of
phytoalexin synthesis and secretion. Our study first proposed that the
WRKY33 as a core factor is involved in regulating AR156-induced
accumulation and secretion of phytoalexin, and we deeply elucidated the
mechanism of AR156-induced phytotoxin accumulation resistance to
broad-spectrum pathogens.
DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL AND THE GRADIENT COUPLING OF TWO-STATE QUANTUM SYSTEMS IN AN INFINITE WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Soccorsi Eric , Hamrouni Mohamed , Rassas Imèn
Published: September 2022

We consider the inverse coefficient problem of simultaneously
determining the space dependent electric potential, the zero-th order
coupling term and the first order coupling vector of a two-state
Schrödinger equation in an infinite cylindrical domain of R n ,
n≥2, from finitely many partial boundary measurements of the
solution. We prove that these n+3 unknown scalar coefficients can
be Hölder stably retrieved by ( n+1)-times suitably changing the
initial condition attached at the system.
The effect of chemotherapy cycles on treatment outcomes in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of uterine cervix
Authors: Huo Lanqing , Huang Xiaodan , Ouyang Yi , Chen Kai , Li Junyun , Shi Liu , Luo Yingshan , Chen Foping , Cao Xinping
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To investigate the effect of chemotherapy cycles on survival
outcomes in small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix (SCNEC).
Methods: Clinical records of 103 biopsy-proven SCNEC were identified
from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The cycles-dependent effect
of chemotherapy on survival was estimated by restricted cubic splines
(RCS) based cox regression model. Results: Through RCS analysis, we
observed an inverse correlation between chemotherapy cycles and
progression/death; the risks (hazard ratio [HR]) of
progression/death decreased sharply until 5 cycles of chemotherapy.
Long-course chemotherapy (≥5 cycles) was associated with significantly
superior PFS (≥5 vs 1-4: median PFS, 58.6 months vs 25.4 months, P
=0.027) and prolonged OS (≥5 vs 1-4: median OS, 65.1 months vs 37.7
months, P =0.168) than short-course chemotherapy (1-4 cycles). Subgroup
analyses suggested that chemotherapy courses had significant interaction
with FIGO stage; the survival benefit of long-course chemotherapy was
identified in FIGO IIB-IIIC (HRPFS 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.92; HROS 0.41,
95% CI 0.17-0.95), rather than FIGO I-IIA (HRPFS 0.67, 95% CI
0.34-1.34; HROS 0.88, 95% CI 0.40-1.97). Additionally, chemotherapy
regimen was observed to be relevant to survival outcomes; EP regimen
demonstrated obvious prolonged PFS (median PFS: EP vs non-EP, 44.7
months vs 18.0 months) and OS (median OS: EP vs non-EP, 63.3 months vs
41.0 months) than those treated with non-EP regimen. Conclusion:
Chemotherapy with ≥5 cycles significantly improved PFS and OS in FIGO
stage IIB-IIIC SCNEC, whereas a short course of <5 cycles was
adequate for FIGO I-IIA disease.
The Steady States of Isotone Electric Systems
Authors: Comanescu Dan
Published: September 2022

The steady states of an isotone electric system are described by an
isotone function with respect to the componentwise order. When there are
steady states, we highlight a dominant steady state and we study its
domain of attraction for the fixed point iteration method.
Surgical repair of a right coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle in a child
Authors: Al-Dairy Alwaleed , Tarhha Ahmad , Alkayakhi Ahmad , Aldammad Ola , Hasan Hasan
Published: September 2022

Congenital coronary artery fistula is a relatively rare cardiac anomaly
accounting for 0.2-0.4% of all congenital heart defects, and when
isolated, is commonly asymptomatic. We present a case of an asymptomatic
9-year-old boy who underwent successful surgical repair of a right
coronary artery fistula to the right ventricle.