SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 PANDEMIC – AN UPDATE
Authors:   Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India, Shanmugam Ramya , Thangavelu Sangeetha ,   Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India, Fathah Zareena ,   King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal ,   IndiaDivision of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Tiwari Ruchi ,   Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India-281001, Pandey Megha Katare ,   Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Durg- 491001, Chhattisgarh, India, Dhama Jaideep ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tara Hospital, Uttam Nagar, New Delhi -11059, India, Chandra Ram ,   Department of Microbiology, School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University) Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025, UP., India, Malik Yashpal Singh ,   Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly- 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Dhama Kuldeep ,   Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sah Ranjit ,   Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal, Chaicumpa Wanpen ,   Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Shanmugam Velayuthaprabhu ,   Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India, Arumugam Vijaya Anand ,   Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), set it foots in China during December 2019 as a high-alert public health emergency. This malady had thereafter spread rapidly across the globe in more than 215 countries, affecting more than 50 million people and causing the death of nearly 1.3 million as of 9th November, 2020 and resulted in a massive panic, fear, and economic crashes in most of the world. A better understanding of the disease, the virus, structural biology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and management can be extrapolated from the literature review of the research up to date. In addition, deliberations on animal linkages, spillover and zoonotic implications for exploring the actual origin of the disease and all possible animal-human interfaces, intermediate host; diagnosis for devising specific and sensitive tests of ease, accessibility and affordability; advances in the development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics for prevention and treatment; management of COVID-19 practicable in all countries; application of traditional or regularly used modalities including plant-based products and medicinal herbs against SARS-COV-2; nutritious dietary foods against this disease; and socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 can provide valuable information on these various aspects. Most of the research currently focuses on disease, development of a vaccine or therapeutic modalities. But the future mortality rate and virulence of virus not only depends on the evolution of the virus, but also on how we develop preventive measures and effective treatment as well as in advance preparedness. The present review highlights salient aspects of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19, pathology, risk factors, transmission, diagnosis, potential treatment, and alternative / supportive therapeutic options.