bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redescription Of A Specimen Of Pentaceratops (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae) And Phylogenetic Evaluation Of Five Referred Specimens From The Upper Cretaceous Of New Mexico
Authors:   , Fry Joshua
Published: February 2023

Pentaceratops sternbergi is a late Campanian ceratopsian predominately known from the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. Previous specimen descriptions and cladistic analyses are based on partial skulls and composite specimens, which places Pentaceratops as an intermediate form between Chasmosaurus and Triceratops. Recent reports have questioned the taxonomic validity of several referred specimens, leading to taxonomic confusion. To address taxonomic issues, Museum of Northern Arizona specimen MNA V1747 (formerly MNA Pl. 1747) is redescribed and included in the first specimen-based phylogenetic analysis. Additional preparation since the initial description has made available additional skull elements and revealed MNA V1747 to be the most complete P. sternbergi skull known. Additionally, this study codes five referred specimens as distinct operational taxonomic units (OTU), then added them to previously published ceratopsian phylogenetic matrices for evaluation. Two consensus trees are produced; a tree comparing the five specimens to the OTU assigned to P. sternbergi in recent phylogenetic studies of Ceratopsia and a tree without the P. sternbergi OTU. Results indicate that not all specimens included in this analysis can be confidently assigned to Pentaceratops, suggesting the possibility of misidentified ceratopsian specimens from the San Juan Basin.
Comparison of Methods for Teaching Operations with Signed Numbers
Authors:   , Tillett Cliff
Published: February 2023

The specific purpose of this study was to determine the significant statistical difference in the achievement of two algebra I classes when the two classes were taught operations with signed numbers by two contrasting methods. The new concepts in the methods and curriculum of mathematics were the basis of this study.
Societal And Spiritual Orientation: How People Interpret Ambiguous Situations
Authors:   , Tanguay Joshua
Published: February 2023

In the middle part of the twentieth century, Allport (1950) stated that the study of religion had “gone into hiding” (p.1). However, due largely to Allport’s seminal work in field, the study of religion blossomed. Batson and Ventis (1982) created a measure entitled the Religious Life Inventory based on their interpretation and critique of Allport and Ross (1967). The inventory categorized people as extrinsically, intrinsically, or quest oriented to their religion. These three orientations propose different ways that people use their religion. However, spirituality is not an inherent value system in everyone’s life (Allport, 1950). Therefore, the current study created three “societal” orientations to mirror Batson and Ventis’ (1982) spiritual orientations. The current research employed five measures to assess how people utilize their spiritual and societal values when they encounter an ambiguous scenario. These measures aimed to discriminate how people use these values in general versus situation-specific domains. Multiple regressions were conducted for the majority of data from the 235 participants. Results revealed findings that support Batson and Ventis’ (1982) conceptions of extrinsic, intrinsic, and quest orientations. Additionally, several findings support the idea that people can “cognitively contradict” themselves when asked about their values in a general way then asked to consider their values within a specific situation. This interpretation is similar to critiques of Kohlberg’s moral development theory. Additionally, it has implications for researchers and clinicians manipulating or reconstructing situations that people cognitively inhabit.
An Analysis of The Results of The State Reading Achievement Test In Selected Counties, 1947
Authors:   , Steeples W.
Published: February 2023

In general the problem of this thesis is an analysis of achievement performance made by children in Kansas elementary schools through the use of standardized tests prescribed by the State Department of Education. More specifically stated, the thesis is a critical examination of these test results in certain selected counties of the state. An effort is made to discover areas of weakness and, if possible, their causes and to suggest possible remedial measures.
Analysis Of Big Creek Aquifer Alluvial Facies and Associated Phreatic Surface Contour Maps Hays, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Neuhauser Krisopher
Published: February 2023

Three contour maps of groundwater elevation levels below Hays, Kansas generated in 2016 show that the phreatic surface in eight monitoring wells declined 3.6 inches to 1 foot 9.6 inches over a three-month period of July, August, and September. They also indicate that groundwater flows in curvilinear directions toward Big Creek. Analyses of ten north-south oriented structural cross sections of the alluvial fill beneath the central region of Hays provide evidence of buried low-sinuosity and meandering streams, floodplains, and possibly adjoining tributaries and abandoned channels. Correlation of the more porous and permeable sand and gravel facies along a northwest to southeast flow direction suggests a possible subsurface paleochannel within the Big Creek alluvium. This information is useful in determining hydraulic connectivity within the alluvium, mobility of various contaminants, and future watershed analyses.
The Purple Plague: Effect Of High Intensity Grazing Post Fire On Purple Threeawn Cover And Reproductive Effort And Prairie Dog Responses
Authors:   , Roemer Justin
Published: February 2023

Purple threeawn (Aristida purpurea Nutt.) is a native warm-season bunchgrass found in western Kansas on The Nature Conservancy’s Smoky Valley Ranch and across rangelands of western North America. Upon reaching maturity, grazing/clipping pressure decreases for this bunchgrass due to poor forage quality and extreme unpalatability for cattle (Bos taurus) and Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). This decrease in grazing/clipping has led to development of near monocultures which cause negative impacts to the prairie ecosystem including decreases in rangeland quality and suitable habitat for prairie dogs, a keystone species. This decrease in prairie dog habitat directly affects many species on the ranch that rely on prairie dogs for habitat, including the Black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), North America’s most endangered mammal. This study aimed to determine a large-scale management strategy using natural processes such as fire and grazing to decrease purple threeawn cover and reproductive effort. Treatments investigated the effects of high intensity grazing by cattle, at short duration and season long, as well as the effects of clipping by prairie dogs, post burn. Through two grazing seasons, purple threeawn percent cover did not changed. However, reproductive ability decreased in both short and long duration grazing treatments, by means of decreased live purple threeawn crowns and increased dead purple threeawn crowns, as well as decreased purple threeawn seedstalk densities. A larger decline was seen in the short duration grazing treatment from 2017 to 2018 than in the long duration grazing treatment. With this decrease in purple threeawn reproductive ability, prairie dog densities increased within both short and long duration grazing treatment plots, with the greatest increase in the short duration treatment. These results will help inform management of purple threeawn to increase forage and associated economic benefits, while creating better quality habitat for prairie dogs and the organisms that rely on them.
Edaphic Variables Affecting Vegetation Pattern
Authors:   , Bray David
Published: February 2023

The soils under four small plant communities were studied to determine the cause of vegetation heterogeneity within a designed Buchloe-Bouteloua community. Sixteen replicate stands, four each of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardi), western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii), blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides), were within 4.8 hectare of a loamy upland area in the Mixed Prairie of western Kansas. Each replicate’s soil was profiled four times and twelve separate soil factors were analyzed on the A and B-horizons of each of the 64 profiles. All soil factors studied, except nitrogen, played a part in the soil differences found under the four communities and were considered to constitute environmental differences. Mature soil profiles produced short grass communities and immature soil profiles produced tall and mid-grass communities. Depth of A-horizons increased significantly from buffalograss to blue grama to western wheatgrass to big bluestem. Available water and mean weight diameter determinations contradict hypotheses of a moisture gradient but were considered to be greatly affected by accumulation of mulch. Soil texture influence was the greatest in the B-horizons of the mature soils. Cation exchange capacity was noted mainly as being limited in the A-horizons of blue grama profiles. Available phosphorus and potassium were inversely related and significantly different in the A-horizons of each community. The vegetation heterogeneity was definitely separated by soil heterogeneity.
Analysis of Breeding Bird Surveys in Ellis County, Kansas, 01/01/1969-01/01/1981 and 01/01/1985
Authors:   , Wagner Timothy
Published: February 2023

In 1969, nine survey routes were established in Ellis County, Kansas, to assess populations of breeding birds. Surveys were conducted during the years 1969-81 and 1985, for a total of 207 surveys. The number of surveys was reduced to 114 when cut-off points were set for time and date. Data were analyzed for total number of individuals, total number of species, and for 12 of the more common species in the county. Testing revealed no overall patterns for total number of individuals or total number of species. Minor population cycles were suggested for some of the individual species. The factor with the greatest effect on this study was observer bias.
The Production and Performance of The Incredible Jungle Journey of Fenda-Maria
Authors:   , Johnson Noella
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this project was to give the author a chance to apply theories of directing she had learned in various theatre classes. This particular play, The Incredible Jungle Journey of Fenda-Maria, was chosen since it would give the children of western Kansas a chance to see \live\ theatre. The play was rehearsed two times a week with members of the 1979 spring semester Creative Dramatics class. The project proved beneficial to the director and actors alike since it provided them with an opportunity to experience a different type of audience reaction. The author feels that everyone involved in the production gained from their work with the show.
A Study of The Government of The City of Oberlin, Kansas
Authors:   , Cronk Jack
Published: February 2023

The primary aim of the writer in preparing this thesis has been to investigate the various departments of government of the city of Oberlin, Kansas. This study was not made from the viewpoint of the critical observer interested in uncovering either outstanding efficiencies or inefficiencies. The material presented is submitted for the purpose of collaborating practical knowledge with theoretical knowledge in the study of municipal government.
A Study of the Procedures and Policies Used by Kansas Banks in Establishing Lines of Credit
Authors:   , Cain Kerry
Published: February 2023

The major purpose of this study was to analyze the status of extension of lines of credit by Kansas banks. The examination involved a study of the extent to which banks granted lines of credit, how loan policies and practices differed among banks surveyed, methods by which the smaller banks might adopt the policies of larger banks in granting lines of credit. Methods and Procedures Employed: A questionnaire was prepared to obtain information on the practices of banks in granting lines of credit. The questionnaire was sent to 300 banks selected at random from those in operation in Kansas as of June 24, 1963. There were 136 questionnaires returned, as requested, and the information for this study was obtained from the information provided. Summary and Findings: A high percentage of the banks investigated were granting lines of credit. Lines were granted primarily at the initiative of the banks and were utilized only to a limited extent as a means of increasing loan activities. The number of lines granted was generally small and represented a limited portion of the loan activities of the banks. Approximately one third of the banks had established a department to handle this type of loan. A large number of the banks established a definite repayment schedule. The most common repayment period was on a monthly basis. Some of the banks specialized in extending credit to certain types of operations. Farming and manufacturing were most commonly mentioned. A portion of the banks required line of credit borrowers to maintain compensatory balances and based requirements to varying degrees on the type of business, the size of the business, and the security provided. Some of the banks related requirements to the use of the line of credit. The most commonly mentioned factor limiting the extension of lines of credit was lack of demand. The legal limit was the most frequently mentioned factor in setting upper limits on lines of credit.
Faculty Perception of Technology, Student/Instructor Interaction, and Training Received in Distance Education
Authors:   , Balman Daniel
Published: February 2023

A new paradigm of philosophies is occurring with the emergence of distance education. Students are taking advantage of courses being taught by distance education faculty via a variety of technologies. However, the researcher felt it important to survey distance education faculty’s (N=24) perception of technology, interaction, and training received regarding distance education. Overall, faculty responded favorably to the Likert-scale statements regarding distance education. Instructors felt interaction was valuable yet did not interact the same way with distance education students the same way as they interacted with students in their classrooms. Instructors changed their delivery styles to accommodate distance education learners. Instructors reported that they have had training to teach distance education courses. Finally, faculty felt comfortable with using technology in their classrooms. However, the open-ended questions showed that not all faculty are embracing distance education technology and that changes need to occur for them to have a more positive experience with distance education.
Function Versus Form : The Dichotomy of Sculptural Aesthetics
Authors:   , Livingston Michael
Published: February 2023

In my work, I have tried to show that form and function can combine to be a compatible force. A piece of sculpture may be a purely visual form with its only function being that of satisfying man's aesthetic needs, or it may also serve a very useful purpose and remain an exciting visual object. There is no need for the dichotomy - visual or functional - to exist: A piece of sculpture can be both without sacrificing the effect of either. Naturally, this approach cannot apply to all objects for reasons of economy and practicality, but if we will open our minds to the idea that function does not have to be in opposition to form, then the aesthetic level of everyday life may be enriched.
Parallelism in the Johannine Epistles
Authors:   , Warfel Samuel
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this paper will be to prove the existence of parallelism in The Johannine Epistles. This work will analyze the three Epistles of John using as a tool the analytic procedures used with success by Biays, Miller, and Keck in the study of other portions of the New Testament corpus.
Exterior/Interior Contrast in Clay Form
Authors:   , Ahrens Michael
Published: February 2023

Since beginning work in clay, I have been fascinated with the internal aspects of ceramic pieces and the fact that they are a reversal of the external space. I have often thought of the possibilities of interior forms which could add something to the overall piece. Some years ago, I created a number of pieces dealing with this idea. However, these pieces were not as successful as I had hoped. They basically could be divided into two groups; one in which the interiors were not readily obvious to the observer; the second group was basically a contrast of surfaces and not of interior and exterior shapes.
Relative Portrayal of the Minorities in Regional Newspapers
Authors:   , Misra Rupananda
Published: February 2023

This thesis was a quasi-experimental research project designed to identify the relative portrayal of minorities in national and regional newspapers. The research was focused on the nature of the news on minorities in three selected newspapers. It was found that there was more negative news about minorities than the positive information based on circulation and readership of the newspapers. Hartmann and Husband (1974) reported that race in itself is not a problem in the society, but the negative symbolism and meanings make it a crucial factor in the day to day perception of fellow human beings. Research data emphasized that because the print media is such a powerful instrument in the dissemination of information and ideas. The negative representation of minorities may influence the perception of the readers towards minorities.
Dr. Charles Monroe Sheldon : The Rhetoric of a Religious Reformer
Authors:   , Herman Anna
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the speaking of Dr. Charles Monroe Sheldon and to evaluate his speaking during the period from 1905 to 1915. The working hypothesis for this study was that during this period Dr. Charles Monroe Sheldon was an effective speaker, and partly because of this ability as a speaker, he was a man of importance and influence. The study was limited to the years 1905-1915 because these were the years when Dr. Sheldon gained world-wide recognition as a writer and as a speaker. The conclusion formed, after the investigation, was that the working hypothesis was valid. A study of the period revealed that it was a period of reform. Dr. Sheldon became aware of social, economic, and religious issues and took an active part in speaking out in favor of reforms in all of these areas. Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that Charles Monroe Sheldon was an active speaker on reform measures and religious themes, and that his speaking was influenced by current affairs. The biographical details of Dr. Sheldon's life revealed that the early experiences of life on a South Dakota farm profoundly affected Dr. Sheldon's thinking and store of ideas. His conversion and his education in South Dakota were early influences seen later in his speaking. Other influences were his education at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Andover Theological Seminary, Andover, Massachusetts; his extensive speaking career; and his individual reading. In determining the validity of the working hypothesis, three selected speeches were analyzed. The areas investigated in this analysis were invention, logical proof, emotional proof, ethical proof, arrangement, style, delivery, memory, and effectiveness. This investigation revealed that techniques used by Dr. Sheldon were the result of his early experiences, his education, and his observation of life. That Dr. Sheldon was a man of importance and influence cannot be denied. That his importance and influence were due in part to his effectiveness as a speaker has been established from the evidence garnered in this investigation of his speaking career and an analysis of three selected speeches from the period 1905-1915.
Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Other Mind Altering Substances of Students in Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Grades
Authors:   , Redetzke Pamela
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the attitudes toward alcohol and other non-prescriptive mind altering substances of students in grades 7-9. The 8 independent variables investigated were gender, grade placement, DARE participation status, family structure, alcohol use, non-prescriptive mind altering substance use, Knowledge of Alcohol, and Knowledge of Non-prescriptive Mind Altering Substances. The dependent variables were scores from the Attitude Toward Drinking and Attitude Toward Non-prescriptive Mind Altering Substance Use subscales of an alcohol and substance questionnaire. Three composite null hypotheses and one null hypothesis were tested at the .05 level of significance. The sample consisted of 233 students in grades 7-9. For the three composite nulls, a status survey factorial design was employed using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model), and the null hypothesis was tested employing a t-test for correlation coefficient. A total of 41 comparisons were made, plus 2 recurring. Of the 41 comparisons 17 were for main effects and 24 for interactions. Of the 17 main effects 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 24 interactions 6 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1) students who use alcohol have a positive attitude toward drinking, 2) students who use substances have a positive attitude toward drinking, 3) gender, grade placement, and DARE participation Status should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward drinking, 4) gender and grade placement should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward mind altering substances, 5) gender, grade placement, and DARE participation status should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward mind altering substance use, 6) family structure, alcohol use, and knowledge of alcohol should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward mind altering substance use, 7) gender and knowledge of mind altering substances should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward mind altering substance use, and 8) gender, substance use, and knowledge of mind altering substances should be interpreted concurrently for attitude toward mind altering substance use.
General George Crook and General Nelson A. Miles: Their Careers as Indian Fighters and Allied Adversaries
Authors:   , Norton Carson
Published: February 2023

The U.S. Military’s efforts to rid the American frontier of its troublesome native inhabitants reached its climax in the post-antebellum period. Lacking a set doctrine, individual officers had to take matters in to their own hands and decided how they, as an individual, would deal with the Indians they encountered. Form this, two camps arose: the first strove to annihilate the Indians, and the second desired to subdue hostile Indians and make them along with peaceable Indians, self-reliant citizens of the U.S. Generals George Crook and Nelson A. Miles exemplified these two camps. Miles saw the Indian as being in the way of European progress, while Crook felt as though the Indians were the unfortunate victim of westward expansion. The two men differed as much in strategy as they did in personality. Crook was quiet, almost reticent, while Miles was flamboyant, even dashing. Both men were expert tacticians in the art of warfare, although each man’s approach differed. In the mid-1870s, their paths crossed on the dusty Montana plains. From that point on, the lives of Crook and Miles became entwined in a personal and professional dispute filled with deep-seated animosity fueled by Miles’ ambition.
Comparison of Nurses' and Clients' Perceived Reasons for Seclusion
Authors:   , Bauer Virginia
Published: February 2023

This study examined whether differences existed between the perceptions of clients and nurses, in the reasons given for secluding clients. The study was designed to compare reasons given by the group of clients, the group of nurses, and the individual client/nurse dyads. Erickson, Tomlin and Swain’s (1983) grand theory of Modeling and Role-Modeling served as the theoretical framework. Based on this theory, learning about a client’s perceptions of seclusion facilitates understanding an individual client’s view of the world; and provides an important basis for individualized nursing care. This qualitative study included 17 clients and nurses drawn from four psychiatric units located at a rural Midwest mental hospital of approximately 500 clients. A pilot study was conducted on one seclusion incident to test the data collection and analysis process. An inquiry audit by a nurse researcher with experience in qualitative research was conducted to determine the trustworthiness of the findings. The study revealed a difference between nurses’ perceived reasons for seclusion and clients’ perceived reasons for seclusion. The most frequent reason for seclusion given by nurses was to “regain control” and the most frequent reason cited by clients was anger. Both clients and nurses gave “attacking staff and others” as one of the main reasons for seclusion. All informants, both client and nurses, gave more than one reason for secluding a client. Future research is needed to clearly understand clients’ behavior and staffs’ interventions. Research on the relationship between the frequency and quality of staff interaction with clients and client behavior is also recommended. Learning more about the dynamics of the client-nurse interaction is essential in providing interventions which demonstrate an understanding of the client’s unique needs.
The Executive Of The Consolidated Schools In Western Kansas
Authors:   , Anderson Alexander
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study are: 1. To determine the extent or scope of the activities performed by the executives of consolidated schools in Western Kansas. 2. To discover the amount of time which those executives devote to each of such activities. 5. To ascertain the personal and professional qualifications of the executives of consolidated schools in Western Kansas. 4. To enumerate the mistakes or failures of the executives of consolidated schools in Western Kansas from the viewpoint of the teachers under supervision. 5. To determine if the administration of consolidated schools might be improved and to suggest remedial measures for such improvement if found needful.
A Comparison of Preferences for Counselors and Counseling Services Among Asian, Hispanic, Anglo and Black Secondary School Students
Authors:   , Nguyen Chi
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the effects of six f actors: gender, age, race, English proficiency, cultural commitment, and family pattern on secondary school students' preferences for counselors' traits (gender, age, and race) and counseling services (educational, vocational, personal, and social). The study also compared the differences in these preferences for counselors and counseling services among four different groups of Asian, Hispanic, Anglo, and Black students. The subjects of this study consisted of 116 junior high students and 240 senior high students who were enrolled at the Unified School District 457 in Garden City, Kansas, during the Spring semester, 1988. The total sample from Kenneth Henderson Junior High School and Garden City Senior High School consisted of 356 students. The researcher excluded 39 students who did not state their preferences for counselors' traits and one Native American student. The final sample size of 316 students remained. The assessment instrument used in the stud y was a questionnaire constructed by the researcher. The design employed was a quasi-experimental status survey with six independent variables and four dependent variables. A total of seven null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Six null hypotheses were tested employing chi square tests of independence. One null hypothesis was tested using t tests of correlation coefficients. The results of this study appeared to support the following generalizations. 1. Anglo and Black students preferred counselors of the same race. Asian and Hispanic students preferred counselors of dissimilar race. 2. Asian and Hispanic students preferred older counselors of above 45 years of age. 3. Both male and female secondary school students preferred male counselors. 4. Limited-English-proficiency students preferred vocational and social counseling. Fluent-English-proficiency students preferred educational and personal counseling. 5. Young students preferred young counselors of under 45 years of age. Older students preferred older counselors of above 45 years of age. 6. Students who lived with their relatives or friends strongly preferred older counselors. 7. There is no evidence for a relationship between students' age and preference for counselors' gender or race, between students' race and preference for counselors' gender or counseling services, between students' gender and preference for counselors' race or counseling services, between students' family pattern and preference for counselors' gender or race or counseling services, between students' cultural commitment and preference for counselors' gender, between students' English proficiency and preference for counselors' gender or race or age.
University Faculty Attitudes Toward Homosexuality
Authors:   , Gourley James
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate faculty attitudes toward homosexuality. The independent variables investigated were gender, marital status, age, religious preference, and highest educational status attained. Scores from the Homophobia Scale were utilized as the dependent variable. The sample consisted of 131 university faculty members. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 18 comparisons plus 17 recurring comparisons were made. Of the 18 comparisons 5 were for main effects and 13 for interactions. Of the 5 main effects, one was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant main effect was for the independent variable marital status. The results for main effects indicated that those who reported they were divorced had a mean score significantly higher, depicting a more positive attitude toward homosexuality, than subjects who reported being single/widow/widower. None of the 13 interactions were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appear to support the following generalizations: 1. Divorced faculty had a more positive attitude toward homosexuality than single/widow/widower faculty. 2. There is no association between faculty gender and attitude toward homosexuality. 3. There is no association between faculty age and attitude toward homosexuality. 4. There is no association between faculty religious preference and attitude toward homosexuality. 5. There is no association between faculty educational status attained and attitude toward homosexuality.
A Comparison of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for Predicting Success in Kindergarten
Authors:   , Knoll Donna
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if the ABC inventory (ABC), and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary scale of intelligence (WPPSI) can significantly predict the readiness of a child to achieve success in kindergarten, as measured by the Metropolitan Readiness Test, Form B.
An Electrophoretic Survey of Human Serum with Abnormal Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Authors:   , Green Shirley
Published: February 2023

An electrophoretic study of serum protein fractional percentages was conducted on 72 samples with abnormal albumin/globulin ratios (above 2.0 or below 1.1). Thirty-seven percent of the samples had factional percentages above or below the normal ranges with 75 percent of these having patterns characteristic of or often found in specific disease entities. Ninety-four percent of the sera with ratios below 1.1 had abnormal percentage patterns, while 23 percent of the sera with ratios above 2.0 had abnormal patterns. Sera from two randomly chosen days had 25 percent abnormal patterns, with 70 percent of these from sera with abnormal albumin/globulin ratios. This study indicates that electrophoresis of sera with abnormal albumin/globulin ratios, particularly those below 1.1, would be valuable as an aid to diagnosis. This study also demonstrates that sera with normal albumin/globulin ratios may have abnormal percentage ranges.
The Variable Annuity
Authors:   , Close Cherry
Published: February 2023

A variable annuity, as distinguished from a fixed annuity, provides monthly payments based on the value of units which fluctuate to reflect the investment results of the equity securities used to fund the annuity. The annuitant bears the entire investment risk under a variable annuity since there are no guarantees of investment return. The study covers the variable annuity; its development; its various methods of funding; its legal requirements and regulations; and pertinent taxation aspects of it. The long-range inflationary, economic trend and the increased interest in retirement income planning are explanations of why the variable annuity will continue to be of interest to investors.
Groundwater Conditions in the Ranegras Plain Basin, La Paz and Yuma Counties, Arizona
Authors:   , Johnson Bradley
Published: February 2023

The Ranegras Plain basin is a northwest trending alluvial basin located in western Arizona. Groundwater within the basin occurs in Tertiary deposits and Quaternary alluvium. The Tertiary deposits are composed primarily of clay, probably of lacustrine origin, with smaller amounts of sand and gravel. Also included in the Tertiary deposits, to a minor extent, are semi-consolidated to consolidated volcanic tuffs, ash, and a semi-consolidated conglomerate. The Quaternary alluvium consists of interbedded sands, gravels and clay. In the spring of 1988, depth to water measurements collected in select wells throughout the basin ranged from 28 feet to 455 feet below land surface. Groundwater in the basin generally flows to the northwest and is influenced by large withdrawals for agricultural use. From 1950 through 1988, approximately 657,000 acre-feet of groundwater was pumped from the basin. Between 1975 and 1988, water-level changes recorded in selected wells varied from a rise of I foot to a decline of probably more than 40 feet. Estimates place the amount of groundwater in storage within the basin between 15.4 and 22.2 million acre-feet. Total recharge to the basin may be between 7,000 to 8,000 acre-feet per year. Groundwater quality is generally poor with the majority of sampled wells exhibiting levels of total dissolved-solids and fluoride above the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) as set forth by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's secondary drinking water standards. High total dissolved-solids concentrations in the central portion of the basin reflect a northwest-southeast trend, with concentrations increasing to the northwest. This pattern is similar to the groundwater flow direction. Three water quality types have been identified in the basin. Sodium chloride type-water is the most prevalent followed by sodium sulfate type water and sodium bicarbonate type water. Unusually high concentrations of hexavalent chromium and selenium, which can be toxic or carcinogenic, are present in a small number of wells. The high concentrations of fluoride, hexavalent chromium and selenium in the Pyramid Peak area may be due to highly alkaline waters associated with clays or Tertiary volcanic deposits.
Simple Form and Composition
Authors:   , Thumsujarit Chaiwat
Published: February 2023

I am involved in two types of creativity: one is for myself and the other is art for an audience. All of my works are created from a concept of simple form and composition resulting in modesty, calmness and peacefulness. Some of my early drawings reflect a homesickness for my homeland. I used pale colors to portray this feeling of loneliness and created a sense of distance or “space” in the work to signify something for which I dream. Many techniques (including airbrush and hatching) were used to achieve my goal. Sketch after sketch was necessary to create and arrange forms and space. My art is not an emotional art. It is subtle rather than exciting to look at, but it does have its own way of portraying feelings for myself. This is art for myself. In contrast, the graphic design work I create has nothing to do with portraying my feelings of lonely feelings. Graphic design involves a language of signs and images to communicate information to its audience. It has to have a client, a theme, a budget, and an audience. In graphic design I use the concept of simple form carefully arranged in composition. This requires hours of study, research and development of sketches before the final sketch is completed for the presentation. In summary, there are two different elements in my creativity: one is to create art for myself, and the other is to create art for an audience. However, the most important aspect of these two elements is the happiness, enjoyment and pride that I receive from my art.
A Student Financial Assistance Treatise of Institutional Office Characteristics and Measures of Efficiency in the Administration of Federal Aid Programs / by Deborrah J. Glenn-Long
Authors:   , Glenn-Long Deborrah
Published: February 2023

The research investigated how various forms of organizational structures and institutional characteristics affect the efficiency of administering Federal aid programs. Four hypotheses and 12 post hoc hypotheses were tested. The measures of efficiency consisted of 12 items which measured both services to students and compliance with federal regulations. Only three efficiency measures failed to have at least one statistically significant finding of either a main effect or an interaction when tested under the various arrangements for analysis of variance. The chi square calculations indicated which individual tasks were likely to be computerized under different circumstances. A significant chi square value indicated that small institutions were more likely to utilize a credit system in the management of student accounts. Z tests for correlated proportions allowed the formation of \tiers\ for questionnaire items 2, 12, and 13 in terms of which specific components were most likely to be selected by respondents in meeting federal requirements for specific practices. Due to the absence of similar research in the literature, some interpretations and implications of results are given. Recommendations are made for further research on this subject.
A Study of Come Sweet Death: A Quartet from Genesis
Authors:   , Gunn Mary
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a study of Come Sweet Death: A Quartet from Genesis, by B. Davie Napier, Dean of the Chapel and Professor of Religion at Stanford University. The Quartet is made up of four sermon-poems in modern poetry to be included in Dr. Napier’s forthcoming book, Come Sweet Death: A Quartet from Genesis, (Philadelphia: United Church Press, 1967). Each is designed to be delivered as a sermon, and is approximately the customary twenty minutes in length. The units are titled “The Garden”, “The Brothers”, “The Flood”, and “The Tower”. Each contains a passage of scripture and ten poems. A copy of the Quartet is appended. The inquiry follows a plan of evaluation based on the following questions: (1) what did Dr. Napier try to do? (2) How well did he do it? (3) Was it worth doing? It includes a commentary on the Old Testament in Come Sweet Death, looks at political and social problems the Quartet raises, considers the implications for twentieth century religious thought, and evaluates Come Sweet Death as literature by examining the allusions and other poetic techniques employed in the poetry of the sermons. A conclusion is reached that this is a unique piece of writing which successfully conveys ancient biblical stories in today’s idiom in poetry.
The Effects of Induced Mood on Curiosity in College Students
Authors:   , Rodrigue James
Published: February 2023

The investigation discussed herein sought to (a) examine the relationship between curiosity and depression, (b) investigate the effects of induced mood on factors of surprise, perceived value of information, and desire for additional knowledge, and (c) examine the duration of the Velten (1968) mood induction procedure effects. Thirty-nine female and 21 male college students were randomly assigned to one of three mood induction conditions: a depression mood condition, an elation mood condition, or a neutral mood condition. A screening procedure utilized by Thomas, McFarland, Lane, and Ellis (1984) was employed so that subjects reporting initial signs of depression prior to the mood induction procedure could be excluded from the experimental conditions. The mood induction procedure employed in this investigation required that each group of subjects read 60 statements designed to aid the subjects in experiencing the desired mood state. The neutral mood condition served as the control group. The Depression Adjective Checklist (DACL), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) short form, and a writing speed task (WST) were used as pre-induction measures. The Melbourne Curiosity Inventory state (MCI-s) form, Melbourne Curiosity Inventory trait (MCI-t) form, Experiment Descriptions Inventory (EDI), DACL, and WST served as post-induction measures. The BDI short form and the DACL were used as 10 minute follow-up measures. Results indicated that the Velten (1968) mood induction procedure was effective at inducing the desired mood states as measured at post-induction. However, depressed subjects did report a slightly significant improvement in mood following a 10 minute waiting period. Separate analyses conducted on state curiosity scores revealed that depressed subjects reported significantly less state curiosity than elated or neutral subjects. There were no significant differences between the groups on a measure of trait curiosity. For the EDI data, subjects in the depression mood condition reported significantly less perceived value and desire for additional knowledge for the 10 experiment descriptions than either the elated or neutral subjects. The clinical and experimental implications of these findings, in addition to the ethical issues pertaining to the use of mood induction procedures, are discussed.
Simple Oddity Learning in the Pigeon as a Function of Stimulus Presentation Method
Authors:   , Huisman Ronald
Published: February 2023

Four male homing pigeons, one and a half years old at the start of testing, were trained to a criterion of 90% correct on any block of 30 trials on a simple oddity discrimination problem to examine the effects of moving versus stationary stimulus presentation. When the criterion was reached, the stimuli were reversed and the Ss were run to criterion again. All Ss reached the criterion on both original learning (OL) and the reversal problem (RP). An analysis of trials showed the performance levels on the final block to be significantly different from the first block of trials (p.) .01). The hypothesis that moving stimulus presentation would produce significantly better performance than stationary stimulus presentation was not supported. The analysis of transfer in the two groups produced no significant transfer effects. The lack of interference effects for OL to RP and the fact that all Ss reached the criterion suggested an attempt to assess the pigeon's ability in oddity principle learning is feasible. It was noted that, because of the possibility of heterogeneity of variance, the utilization of a larger sample size would allow the effects of moving stimulus presentation to be evaluated.
The Effect of Vicarious Reinforcement on Inappropriate Behavior in an Elementary School Classroom
Authors:   , Witt Joseph
Published: February 2023

This study examined the effects of reinforcement and reinforcement plus information on both appropriate and inappropriate behavior in subjects provided with direct reinforcement and those seated adjacent to them. Four female kindergarten subjects who were of average intelligence were chosen on the basis of engaging in a relatively high percentage of inappropriate behavior. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two pairs and within each pair, one subject was randomly designated as the one to be administered direct reinforcement (target subject). The remaining subject in each pair (non-target subject) received no direct reinforcement but was seated adjacent to the target subject. Each pair of the subjects were then exposed to seven experimental conditions: baseline, reinforcement for appropriate behavior, reversal, reinforcement f or inappropriate behavior, reinforcement for appropriate behavior with information about the contingencies, reinforcement for inappropriate behavior with information about the contingencies, reinforcement for appropriate behavior with information about the contingencies. Changes in the non-target subjects were observed as a function of witnessing a target subject receive reinforcement for appropriate behavior. When inappropriate behavior was reinforced in the target subjects, only slight changes were observed in the non-target subjects. Information about the contingencies increased the effectiveness of reinforcement in all subjects. This was particularly relevant to inappropriate behavior. The results are discussed with regard to the vicarious reinforcement literature and with regard to the efficacy of providing information along with reinforcement in order to augment it.
Clouds of The Rising Sun : Japan's Chemical Weapons Program During World War Ii
Authors:   , Krehbiel Nicholas
Published: February 2023

Though not widely recognized, Japan developed and used chemical weapons during the years leading up to and including the Second World War. As will become clear in this study, although both the Japanese army and navy produced chemical weapons, only the army used them in combat. The navy forbore chemical weapons use primarily because of the threat of American retaliation in kind. On the other hand, the army faced no such fear in China and, therefore, used chemical weapons on numerous occasions in combat against Chinese forces. Many Japanese citizens still bear the scars of exposure from working at the chemical weapons factory on the island of Okunoshima. Recently, Chinese citizens have found abandoned chemical weapons buried by the Japanese in haste during their retreat from China in the latter days of the war. These discoveries have sickened and killed numerous Chinese civilians since the war ended. The ongoing suffering of Chinese and Japanese citizens as a result of Japan's chemical weapons program makes this study worthwhile as that program produced implications that still resonate today.