bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential use of engineered nanoparticles in ocean fertilization for large-scale atmospheric carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Babakhani Peyman , Phenrat Tanapon , Baalousha Mohammed , Soratana Kullapa , Peacock Caroline L. , Twining Benjamin S. , Hochella Michael F.
Published: November 2022

Artificial ocean fertilization (AOF) aims to safely stimulate phytoplankton growth in the ocean and enhance carbon sequestration. AOF carbon sequestration efficiency appears lower than natural ocean fertilization processes due mainly to the low bioavailability of added nutrients, along with low export rates of AOF-produced biomass to the deep ocean. Here we explore the potential application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to overcome these issues. Data from 123 studies show that some ENPs may enhance phytoplankton growth at concentrations below those likely to be toxic in marine ecosystems. ENPs may also increase bloom lifetime, boost phytoplankton aggregation and carbon export, and address secondary limiting factors in AOF. Life-cycle assessment and cost analyses suggest that net CO2 capture is possible for iron, SiO2 and Al2O3 ENPs with costs of 2–5 times that of conventional AOF, whereas boosting AOF efficiency by ENPs should substantially enhance net CO2 capture and reduce these costs. Therefore, ENP-based AOF can be an important component of the mitigation strategy to limit global warming.
Structures of the holo CRISPR RNA-guided transposon integration complex
Authors: Park Jung-Un , Tsai Amy Wei-Lun , Rizo Alexandrea N. , Truong Vinh H. , Wellner Tristan X. , Schargel Richard D. , Kellogg Elizabeth H.
Published: November 2022

CRISPR-associated transposons (CAST) are programmable mobile genetic elements that insert large DNA cargos using an RNA-guided mechanism1–3. CAST elements contain multiple conserved proteins: a CRISPR effector (Cas12k or Cascade), a AAA+ regulator (TnsC), a transposase (TnsA–TnsB) and a target-site-associated factor (TniQ). These components are thought to cooperatively integrate DNA via formation of a multisubunit transposition integration complex (transpososome). Here we reconstituted the approximately 1 MDa type V-K CAST transpososome from Scytonema hofmannii (ShCAST) and determined its structure using single-particle cryo-electon microscopy. The architecture of this transpososome reveals modular association between the components. Cas12k forms a complex with ribosomal subunit S15 and TniQ, stabilizing formation of a full R-loop. TnsC has dedicated interaction interfaces with TniQ and TnsB. Of note, we observe TnsC–TnsB interactions at the C-terminal face of TnsC, which contribute to the stimulation of ATPase activity. Although the TnsC oligomeric assembly deviates slightly from the helical configuration found in isolation, the TnsC-bound target DNA conformation differs markedly in the transpososome. As a consequence, TnsC makes new protein–DNA interactions throughout the transpososome that are important for transposition activity. Finally, we identify two distinct transpososome populations that differ in their DNA contacts near TniQ. This suggests that associations with the CRISPR effector can be flexible. This ShCAST transpososome structure enhances our understanding of CAST transposition systems and suggests ways to improve CAST transposition for precision genome-editing applications.
A scoping review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of pan-tumour biomarkers (dMMR, MSI, high TMB) in different solid tumours
Authors: Kang Yoon-Jung , O’Haire Sophie , Franchini Fanny , IJzerman Maarten , Zalcberg John , Macrae Finlay , Canfell Karen , Steinberg Julia
Published: November 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved in the USA for tumours exhibiting mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), or high tumour mutational burden (TMB), with regulatory and reimbursement applications in multiple other countries underway. As the estimated budget impacts of future reimbursements depend on the size of the potential target population, we performed a scoping review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of these pan-tumour biomarkers in different cancers. We systematically searched Medline/Embase and included studies reporting the prevalence of dMMR/MSI/high TMB in solid tumours published 01/01/2018–31/01/2021. Meta-analyses were performed separately for the pan-cancer prevalence of each biomarker, and by cancer type and stage where possible. The searches identified 3890 papers, with 433 prevalence estimates for 32 different cancer types from 201 studies included in meta-analyses. The pooled overall prevalence of dMMR, MSI and high TMB (≥ 10 mutations/Mb) in pan-cancer studies was 2.9%, 2.7% and 14.0%, respectively. The prevalence profiles of dMMR/MSI and high TMB differed across cancer types. For example, endometrial, colorectal, small bowel and gastric cancers showed high prevalence of both dMMR and MSI (range: 8.7–26.8% and 8.5–21.9%, respectively) and high TMB (range: 8.5–43.0%), while cervical, esophageal, bladder/urothelial, lung and skin cancers showed low prevalence of dMMR and MSI (< 5%), but high prevalence of high TMB (range: 23.7–52.6%). For other cancer types, prevalence of all three biomarkers was generally low (< 5%). This structured review of dMMR/MSI/high TMB prevalence across cancers and for specific cancer types and stages provide timely evidence to inform budget impact forecasts in health technology assessments for drug approvals based on these pan-tumour biomarkers.
Dynamical modelling of street protests using the Yellow Vest Movement and Khabarovsk as case studies
Authors: Alsulami Amer , Glukhov Anton , Shishlenin Maxim , Petrovskii Sergei
Published: November 2022

Social protests, in particular in the form of street protests, are a frequent phenomenon of modern world often making a significant disruptive effect on the society. Understanding the factors that can affect their duration and intensity is therefore an important problem. In this paper, we consider a mathematical model of protests dynamics describing how the number of protesters change with time. We apply the model to two events such as the Yellow Vest Movement 2018–2019 in France and Khabarovsk protests 2019–2020 in Russia. We show that in both cases our model provides a good description of the protests dynamics. We consider how the model parameters can be estimated by solving the inverse problem based on the available data on protesters number at different time. The analysis of parameter sensitivity then allows for determining which factor(s) may have the strongest effect on the protests dynamics.
Safety and efficacy of human polymerized hemoglobin on guinea pig resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Muller Cynthia R. , Williams Alexander T. , Walser Cynthia , Eaker Allyn M. , Sandoval Jose Luis , Cuddington Clayton T. , Wolfe Savannah R. , Palmer Andre F. , Cabrales Pedro
Published: November 2022

For the past thirty years, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been under development as a red blood cell substitute. Side-effects such as vasoconstriction, oxidative injury, and cardiac toxicity have prevented clinical approval of HBOCs. Recently, high molecular weight (MW) polymerized human hemoglobin (PolyhHb) has shown positive results in rats. Studies have demonstrated that high MW PolyhHb increased O2delivery, with minimal effects on blood pressure, without vasoconstriction, and devoid of toxicity. In this study, we used guinea pigs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high MW PolyhHb, since like humans guinea pigs cannot produce endogenous ascorbic acid, which limits the capacity of both species to deal with oxidative stress. Hence, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of resuscitation from severe hemorrhagic shock with high MW PolyhHb, fresh blood, and blood stored for 2 weeks. Animals were randomly assigned to each experimental group, and hemorrhage was induced by the withdrawal of 40% of the blood volume (BV, estimated as 7.5% of body weight) from the carotid artery catheter. Hypovolemic shock was maintained for 50 min. Resuscitation was implemented by infusing 25% of the animal’s BV with the different treatments. Hemodynamics, blood gases, total hemoglobin, and lactate were not different before hemorrhage and during shock between groups. The hematocrit was lower for the PolyhHb group compared to the fresh and stored blood groups after resuscitation. Resuscitation with stored blood had lower blood pressure compared to fresh blood at 2 h. There was no difference in mean arterial pressure between groups at 24 h. Resuscitation with PolyhHb was not different from fresh blood for most parameters. Resuscitation with PolyhHb did not show any remarkable change in liver injury, inflammation, or cardiac damage. Resuscitation with stored blood showed changes in liver function and inflammation, but no kidney injury or systemic inflammation. Resuscitation with stored blood after 24 h displayed sympathetic hyper-activation and signs of cardiac injury. These results suggest that PolyhHb is an effective resuscitation alternative to blood. The decreased toxicities in terms of cardiac injury markers, vital organ function, and inflammation following PolyhHb resuscitation in guinea pigs indicate a favorable safety profile. These results are promising and support future studies with this new generation of PolyhHb as alternative to blood when blood is unavailable.
Forecasting medical state transition using machine learning methods
Authors: Nie Xiaokai , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2022

Early circulatory failure detection is an effective way to reduce medical fatigue and improve state pre-warning ability. Instead of using 0-1 original state, a transformed state is proposed in this research, which reflects how the state is transformed. The performance of the proposed method is compared with the original method under three models, including logistic regression, AdaBoost and XGBoost. The results show that the model XGBoost generally has the best performance measured by AUC, F1 and Sensitivity with values around 0.93, 0.91 and 0.90, at the prediction gaps 5, 10 and 20 separately. Under the model XGBoost, the method with transformed response variable has significantly better performance than that with the original response variable, with the performance metrics being around 1% to 4% higher, and the t values are all significant under the level 0.01. In order to explore the model performance under different baseline information, a subgroup analysis is conducted under sex, age, weight and height. The results demonstrate that sex and age have more significant influence on the model performance especially at the higher gaps than weight and height.
Septal myocardial scar burden predicts the response to cardiac contractility modulation in patients with heart failure
Authors: Ansari Uzair , Overhoff Daniel , Burkhoff Daniel , Fastner Christian , Yücel Gökhan , Röger Susanne , Rudic Boris , Liebe Volker , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim , Kuschyk Jürgen , Papavassiliu Theano , Tülümen Erol
Published: November 2022

We hypothesized that myocardial septal scarring, assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), at the site of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) lead placement may predict treatment response. Eligible heart failure (HF) patients underwent LGE CMR imaging before CCM device implantation. The response to CCM therapy at follow-up was determined by a change in NYHA class and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment. Patients were classified as responders, if they showed an improvement in either NYHA class or improvement of LVEF by ≥ 5%. 58 patients were included. 67% of patients were classified as responders according to improved NYHA; 55% according to LVEF improvement. 74% of patients were responders if either NYHA class or LVEF improvement was observed. 90% of responders (according to NYHA class) showed septal LGE < 25% at septal position of the leads, while 44% of non-responders showed septal LGE > 25% (p < 0.01). In patients treated with CCM, an improvement of NYHA class was observed when leads were placed at myocardial segments with a CMR- LGE burden less than 25%.
Psychological treatments for excessive gaming: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Jueun , Lee Sunmin , Lee Dojin , Shim Sungryul , Balva Daniel , Choi Kee-Hong , Chey Jeanyung , Shin Suk-Ho , Ahn Woo-Young
Published: November 2022

Despite widespread public interest in problematic gaming interventions, questions regarding the empirical status of treatment efficacy persist. We conducted pairwise and network meta-analyses based on 17 psychological intervention studies on excessive gaming (n = 745 participants). The pairwise meta-analysis showed that psychological interventions reduce excessive gaming more than the inactive control (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27 to 2.12) and active control (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.56). The network meta-analysis showed that a combined treatment of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness was the most effective intervention in reducing excessive gaming, followed by a combined CBT and Family intervention, Mindfulness, and then CBT as a standalone treatment. Due to the limited number of included studies and resulting identified methodological concerns, the current results should be interpreted as preliminary to help support future research focused on excessive gaming interventions. Recommendations for improving the methodological rigor are also discussed.
Physiological mechanism of exogenous brassinolide alleviating salt stress injury in rice seedlings
Authors: Mu De-wei , Feng Nai-jie , Zheng Dian-feng , Zhou Hang , Liu Ling , Chen Guan-jie , Mu BaoMing
Published: November 2022

Brassinolide (BR) is a sterol compound, which can regulate plant seed germination, flowering, senescence, tropism, photosynthesis, stress resistance, and is closely related to other signaling molecules. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of soaking with BR to regulate growth quality at rice seedling stage under salt stress. Results demonstrated that salt stress increases the contents of ROS, MDA, Na+ and ABA, reduces the the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), the effective photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fo) and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), reduces the biomass production and inhabits plant growth. All of these responses were effectively alleviated by BR soaking treatment. Soaking with BR could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and the contents of ascorbic acid, glutathione as well as soluble protein and proline, while BR soaking treatment inhibited the accumulation of ROS and reduced the content of MDA. BR soaking significantly reduced the contents of Na+ and increased the contents of K+ and Ca2+, indicating that soaking with BR is beneficial to the excretion of Na+, the absorption of K+ and Ca2+ and the maintenance of ion balance in rice seedlings under salt stress. BR also maintained endogenous hormone balance by increasing the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), zeatin (ZT), salicylic acid (SA), and decreasing the ABA content. Soaking with BR significantly increased the SPAD value, Pn and Tr and enhanced the Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of rice seedlings under NaCl stress, protected the photosythetic system of plants, and improved their biomass. It is suggested that BR was beneficial to protect membrane lipid peroxidation, the modulation of antioxidant defense systems, ion balance and endogenous hormonal balance with imposition to salt stress.
Establishment of longitudinal transcranial stimulation motor evoked potentials monitoring of the forelimbs and hindlimbs in an ischemic stroke rat model
Authors: Hosogai Masahiro , Takeda Masaaki , Maeda Yuyo , Okazaki Takahito , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Ishii Daizo , Shimizu Kiyoharu , Kuwabara Masashi , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Yuge Louis , Horie Nobutaka
Published: November 2022

Evaluation of motor function ischemic stroke rat models includes qualitative assessments such as the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). However, mNSS cannot evaluate the function of forelimbs and hindlimbs separately. We quantitatively assessed motor function in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model of ischemic stroke. We recorded transcranial stimulation motor evoked potentials (tcMEPs) from MCAO rats and measured the changes in onset latency and amplitude at the forelimbs and hindlimbs up to 28 days after stroke. All MCAO subjects showed hemiparesis. The amplitudes of tcMEPs in both fore- and hindlimbs were inversely correlated with mNSS scores, but the amplitudes in the forelimbs improved later than those in the hindlimbs. The onset latency of tcMEPs in the forelimbs and hindlimbs remained almost unchanged during the follow-up period. Our results showed the differences in tcMEPs amplitude recovery times between the forelimbs and hindlimbs after MCAO, which emphasizes the importance of separately evaluating forelimbs and hindlimbs in post-ischemic stroke models. This minimally invasive and longitudinal quantitative method could be useful for further research on diseases and neurogenesis.
Effectiveness of grey and green engineered solutions for protecting the low-lying muddy coast of the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand
Authors: Charoenlerkthawin Warit , Bidorn Komkrit , Burnett William C. , Sasaki Jun , Panneerselvam Balamurugan , Bidorn Butsawan
Published: November 2022

Coastal protection measures can be categorized into grey and green solutions in terms of their ecosystem impacts. As the use of grey solutions has become a serious issue due to environmental consequences during the last few decades, green/nature-based solutions have become prioritized. This study evaluates the effectiveness of grey and green solutions applied along the eastern Chao Phraya Delta (ECPD) based on historical shoreline change analysis and coastal observations using Light Detection and Ranging technology. The results from shoreline analysis indicate that nearshore breakwaters installed 100–250 m from the shoreline have successfully reclaimed the coastline with a sedimentation rate of 17–23 cm/y. Meanwhile, sand-sausage-submerged breakwaters were ineffective at stabilizing the coastline during 2002–2010 due to land subsidence. With a low subsidence rate, the rubble-mound-submerged breakwaters can reduce the shoreline retreat rate with a vertical deposition rate of about 5 cm/y. In contrast, use of a bamboo fence, a green solution widely used along muddy coasts, traps sediment at a rate of less than 1.3 cm/y and typically lasts only for 2–3 years after installation. Decomposed bamboo causes environmental degradation so local communities disapprove of the approach. Results reveal that grey solutions are more effective for stabilizing the ECPD coastline and result in less coastal environmental impact than the nature-based solution using a bamboo fence.
Effects of different environmental intervention durations on the intestinal mucosal barrier and the brain-gut axis in rats with colorectal cancer
Authors: Dun Liu , Mei-Jing Chen , Si-Ting Huang , Xin-Yuan Yu , Yu-Xuan Wu
Published: November 2022

An enriched environment (EE) is a promising strategy for protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulating the brain-gut axis, but the optimal EE intervention duration is unknown. Here, different EE intervention durations were applied to assess the optimal intervention duration in rats with colorectal cancer. We used a rat model of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer. The rats were housed in an EE for 0, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 8-week blank group. The intestinal mucosa and serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ATP, CRF, and occludin levels and bacterial translocation (BT) were measured, and the intestinal mucosa morphology was evaluated. In 8 weeks, the effect of tumor on intestinal mucosal barrier was not obvious and the EE had a greater impact on it. Eight weeks of EE was more beneficial to the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier than 2 or 4 weeks of intervention. A significant difference in BT was found between the 4- and 8-week groups. Overall, the analysis of inflammatory factor regulation revealed that the two blank groups exhibited the worst effect, and the intervention effect at 8 weeks was better than that at 2 and 4 weeks. CRF at 4 weeks was higher than that at 8-week blank group. The effect of 8-week intervention duration on the intestinal mucosal barrier was generally better than that of 2- and 4-week durations and intervention within 4 weeks can help to stabilize and promote the secretion of brain gut peptide, but the effect of different intervention durations on the brain-gut peptide levels was not obvious. In the future, we can further explore the molecular biological mechanism of the effect of different EE intervention durations on the intestinal mucosal barrier and analyze the effect of an EE on other brain-gut peptides.
Detection of carbon dioxide embolism by transesophageal echocardiography during transanal/perineal endoscopic surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko , Hasegawa Suguru , Ohno Ryo , Kajitani Ryuji , Munechika Taro , Nagano Hideki , Komono Akira , Aisu Naoya , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Yoshida Yoichiro , Murayama Kazuya , Shigematsu Kenji , Akiyoshi Kozaburo
Published: November 2022

The transanal/perineal (ta/tp) endoscopic approach has been widely used for anorectal surgery in recent years, but carbon dioxide embolism is a possible lethal complication. The frequency of this complication in this approach is not known. In this study, we investigated the frequency of intraoperative (including occult) carbon dioxide embolism using transesophageal echocardiography. Patients who underwent surgery via the ta/tp approach and consented to participate were included. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was used to observe the right ventricular system in a four-chamber view. Changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure were taken from anesthesia records. Median maximum insufflation pressure during the ta/tp approach was 13.5 (12–18) mmHg. One patient (4.8%) was observed to have a bubble in the right atrium on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, with a decrease in EtCO2 from 39 to 35 mmHg but no obvious change in SpO2 or blood pressure. By lowering the insufflation pressure from 15 to 10 mmHg and controlling bleeding from the veins around the prostate, the gas rapidly disappeared and the operation could be continued. Among all patients, the range of variation in intraoperative EtCO2 was 5–22 mmHg, and an intraoperative decrease in EtCO2 of > 3 mmHg within 5 min was observed in 19 patients (median 5 mmHg in 1–10 times).Clinicians should be aware of carbon dioxide embolism as a rare but potentially lethal complication of anorectal surgery, especially when using the ta/tp approach.
A retrospective cohort study of pediatric hospitalization due to dentoalveolar infection before and after a change in national health insurance
Authors: Zeevi Itai , Abdulqader Sahar , Zilberman Uri , Moskovitz Moti , Fux-Noy Avia
Published: November 2022

This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine trends in pediatric (0–18 years old) hospitalizations due to dentoalveolar infection, before and after the inclusion of pediatric dental care in Israel’s National Health Insurance Law. Data were collected from the medical records of one oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Data were compared between patients hospitalized during 2002–2010 (group A, n = 531) and 2011–2019 (group B, n = 381). The mean age of the cohort was 8 years. A dentoalveolar abscess was the main cause of hospitalizations in both groups. Group B exhibited a higher rate of previous dental treatment in general (p = 0.001), and of previous dental treatment for the tooth responsible for the infection (p = 0.03). The prevalent treatment during hospitalization combined intravenous antibiotics and extraction, with or without drainage (58.1%) for group A; and intravenous antibiotics and drainage (49.4%) for group B (p < 0.01). Dental care provided by the Israel’s National Health Insurance should focus not only on operative treatment but also on oral health promotion and caries prevention, to reduce hospitalizations due to dentoalveolar infections.
An efficient estimation of crop performance in sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L.) using artificial neural network and regression models
Authors: Khalaki Masoomeh Abbasi , Jahantab Esfandiar , Abdipour Moslem , Moameri Mehdi , Ghorbani Ardavan
Published: November 2022

Festuca ovinaL. (sheep fescue), a perennial grass plant found in mountainous regions, is important from both an ecological and economic viewpoint. However, the variability of biological yield of sheep fescue due to its reliance on different characteristics makes it difficult to accurately prediction using classic modeling techniques. In this study, machine learning methods and multiple regression models (linear and non-linear) are used to investigate the interdependence of various morphological and physiological characteristics on accurate prediction of the biological yield (BY) of sheep fescue. Principal components analysis and stepwise regression were used to select six agronomic parameters i.e. thousand seed weight (TSW), relative water content (RWC), canopy cover (CC), leaf area index, number of florescence, and viability (VA), while the output variable was BY. To optimized the artificial neural network (ANN) structure, different transfer functions and training algorithms, different number of neurons in each layer, different number of hidden layers and training iteration were tested. The accuracy of the models and algorithms is analyzed by root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and determination coefficient (R2). According to the findings, ANN models were more accurate than regression models. The ANN model with two hidden layers (i.e. structure of 6–4–8–1) which had RMSE, MAE and R2scores of 0.087, 0.065 and 0.96, respectively, was discovered as the best model for predicting the BY. In addition, result of the sensitivity analysis showed TSW, RWC and CC, in that order, were the variables most important for high-quality BY estimation in both models regardless of input combination. Finally, the paper concludes that early flowering sheep fescue genotypes with long maturation and great TSW must be regarded as the most suitable model for increasing BY in breeding projects.
Population genomics reveal distinct and diverging populations of An. minimus in Cambodia
Authors: St. Laurent Brandyce , Harding Nick , Deason Nick , Oy Kolthida , Sok Loeun Chea , Sary Men , Sunly Rous , Nhep Sen , Drury Eleanor , Rockett Kirk , Sovannaroth Siv , Goncalves Sonia , Kwiatkowski Dominic , Miles Alistair
Published: November 2022

Anopheles minimus is an important malaria vector throughout its wide geographic range across Southeast Asia. Genome sequencing could provide important insights into the unique malaria transmission dynamics in this region, where many vector species feed and rest outdoors. We describe results from a study using Illumina deep whole-genome sequencing of 302 wild-caught An. minimus collected from three Cambodian provinces over several years (2010, 2014, 2016) and seasons to examine the level of population structure and genetic diversity within this species. These specimens cluster into four distinct populations of An. minimus s.s., with two populations overlapping geographically. We describe the underlying genetic diversity and divergence of these populations and investigated the genetic variation in genes known to be involved in insecticide resistance. We found strong signals of selection within these An. minimus populations, most of which were present in the two Northeastern Cambodian populations and differ from those previously described in African malaria vectors. Cambodia is the focus of the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites, so understanding the underlying genetic diversity and resilience of the vectors of these parasites is key to implementing effective malaria control and elimination strategies. These data are publicly available as part of the MalariaGEN Vector Observatory, an open access resource of genome sequence data.
CLK1/CLK2-driven signalling at the Leishmania kinetochore is captured by spatially referenced proximity phosphoproteomics
Authors: Geoghegan Vincent , Carnielli Juliana B. T. , Jones Nathaniel G. , Saldivia Manuel , Antoniou Sergios , Hughes Charlotte , Neish Rachel , Dowle Adam , Mottram Jeremy C.
Published: November 2022

Kinetochores in the parasite Leishmania and related kinetoplastids appear to be unique amongst eukaryotes and contain protein kinases as core components. Using the kinetochore kinases KKT2, KKT3 and CLK2 as baits, we developed a BirA* proximity biotinylation methodology optimised for sensitivity, XL-BioID, to investigate the composition and function of the Leishmania kinetochore. We could detect many of the predicted components and also discovered two novel kinetochore proteins, KKT24 and KKT26. Using KKT3 tagged with a fast-acting promiscuous biotin ligase variant, we took proximity biotinylation snapshots of the kinetochore in synchronised parasites. To quantify proximal phosphosites at the kinetochore as the parasite progressed through the cell cycle, we further developed a spatially referenced proximity phosphoproteomics approach. This revealed a group of phosphosites at the kinetochore that were highly dynamic during kinetochore assembly. We show that the kinase inhibitor AB1 targets CLK1/CLK2 (KKT10/KKT19) in Leishmania leading to defective cytokinesis. Using AB1 to uncover CLK1/CLK2 driven signalling pathways important for kinetochore function at G2/M, we found a set of 16 inhibitor responsive kinetochore-proximal phosphosites. Our results exploit new proximity labelling approaches to provide a direct analysis of the Leishmania kinetochore, which is emerging as a promising drug target.
Diamonds, dunites, and metasomatic rocks formed by melt/rock reaction in craton roots
Authors: Pintér Zsanett , Foley Stephen F. , Yaxley Gregory M.
Published: November 2022

The thick mantle lithosphere beneath cratons consists of strongly reduced rocks that have reacted with oxidized melts. These low-silica, incipient melts are rich in CO2 and H2O and react with surrounding rocks forming an enriched zone at the base of the lithosphere, which is the source region for many diamonds. Here, we reproduce these reactions in novel experiments in which oxidised, hydrous carbonate-rich melts are reacted with reduced, depleted peridotite at 5 GPa pressure. Results explain several key features of the mantle sample in kimberlites as products of a single process, namely the formation of diamonds, phlogopite and alkali-amphibole bearing rocks, iron-rich dunites, and garnets and clinopyroxenes with pyroxenitic compositions. Initially, redox freezing occurs where melts meet the reduced peridotite, depositing diamonds and associated garnet and clinopyroxenes. The spreading reaction front leaves behind Fe-rich dunite, and crystallizing phlogopite and amphibole when the melt solidifies at the reaction front.
Asian monsoon intensity coupled to Antarctic climate during Dansgaard–Oeschger 8 and Heinrich 4 glacial intervals
Authors: Liang Yi-Jia , Chen Shi-Tao , Wang Yong-Jin , Zhao Kan , Yang Shao-Hua , Wang Zhen-Jun , Huang Yu-Zheng , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: November 2022

The transition from glacial to interglacial periods has been hypothesized to be linked to millennial-scale changes in oceanic/atmospheric circulation, but the relationships between these phenomena remain poorly constrained. Here we present a speleothem oxygen isotope record from Yongxing Cave, China, spanning 40.9 to 33.1 ka and compare this to existing Antarctic proxy records. We find that decadal-to-centennial rapid shifts in the Asian summer monsoon, Antarctic temperature, atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide are all coupled together during Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles, which may suggest an important role of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Southern Ocean in driving the global greenhouse gas changes. Analogous to millennial-scale variations in trend, amplitude and internal sub-centennial-scale structures during Dansgaard–Oeschger 8 and Heinrich Stadial 4, the Younger Dryas and Heinrich Stadial 1 during the last ice termination provided critical positive feedbacks to changes in terrestrial vegetation and northern ice volume, and may have contributed to glacial to interglacial transition.
Unexpected absence of ribosomal protein genes from metagenome-assembled genomes
Authors: Mise Kazumori , Iwasaki Wataru
Published: November 2022

Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have revealed the hidden diversity and functions of uncultivated microbes, but their reconstruction from metagenomes remains a computationally difficult task. Repetitive or exogenous sequences, such as ribosomal RNA and horizontally transferred genes, are frequently absent from MAGs because of misassembly and binning errors. Here, we report that ribosomal protein genes are also often absent from MAGs, although they are neither repetitive nor exogenous. Comprehensive analyses of more than 190,000 MAGs revealed that these genes could be missing in more than 20–40% of near-complete (i.e., with completeness of 90% or higher) MAGs. While some uncultivated environmental microbes intrinsically lack some ribosomal protein genes, we found that this unexpected absence is largely due to special evolutionary patterns of codon usage bias in ribosomal protein genes and algorithmic characteristics of metagenomic binning, which is dependent on tetranucleotide frequencies of contigs. This problem reflects the microbial life-history strategy. Fast-growing microbes tend to have this difficulty, likely because of strong evolutionary pressures on ribosomal protein genes toward the efficient assembly of ribosomes. Our observations caution those who study genomics and phylogeny of uncultivated microbes, the diversity and evolution of microbial genes in the central dogma, and bioinformatics in metagenomics.
Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display
Authors: Butkovich Nina , Tucker Jo Anne , Ramirez Aaron , Li Enya , Meli Vijaykumar S. , Nelson Edward L. , Wang Szu-Wen
Published: November 2022

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can assist myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) to increase antigen display in response to nanoparticle-based vaccines.
Engineered cell-overexpression of circular RNA hybrid hydrogels promotes healing of calvarial defects
Authors: Zhang Min , He Yanjing , Zhang Xu , Gan Shuaiqi , Xie Xi , Zheng Zheng , Liao Jinfeng , Chen Wenchuan
Published: November 2022

Using the GelMA hydrogel as a carrier and adenovirus-mediated transfection of overexpressing circRNAs (hsa-circ-0003376, named circ-CTTN), the osteogenic efficiency of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be significantly enhanced.
Preparation and characterizations of an injectable and biodegradable high-strength iron-bearing brushite cement for bone repair and vertebral augmentation applications
Authors: Ding Luguang , Wang Huan , Li Jiaying , Liu Dachuan , Bai Jianzhong , Yuan Zhangqin , Yang Jiaojiao , Bian Lu , Zhao Xijiang , Li Bin , Chen Song
Published: November 2022

An injectable iron-bearing brushite cement with ultra-high mechanical strength was prepared, with great potential for load-bearing applications in the orthopedic field.
Photothermal plasmonic microballs for non-contact single-cell calcium ionophore delivery in heterogeneous cells
Authors: Ho Vuong Thi Thanh Xuan , Song Min Seok , Kim Gun , Nguyen Nguyen Binh , Dao Thi Phuong , Lee So Yeong , Joo Sang-Woo
Published: November 2022

Hierarchical plasmonic nanostructures comprising gold-nanorod-covered size-controlled microballs show good potential for selective delivery, as demonstrated by single-cell calcium ionophore transport and apoptosis induction.
Dual action of a tyrosinase–mesoporous silica nanoparticle complex for synergistic tissue adhesion
Authors: Kim Su-Hwan , Shin Kwangsoo , Kim Byung-Gee , Hwang Nathaniel S. , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: November 2022

Gluing biological tissues for immediate adhesion and long-term sustainability was achieved by the combination of tyrosinase and mesoporous silica nanoparticles.
Theory of radio-frequency pulses on periodically driven three-level systems: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Bansal Mohit , Ramachandran Ramesh
Published: November 2022

Nuances of multiple-quantum transitions in periodically driven systems is discussed through analytical methods based on time propagators derived from Floquet theory.
The mechanical response and microscopic deformation mechanism of graphene foams tuned by long carbon nanotubes and short crosslinkers
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yang Tian , Wang Chao , Liang Lihong
Published: November 2022

The role of bonds and CNT crosslinkers in the mechanical response of graphene foam.
Two-dimensional self-assemblies of azobenzene derivatives: effects of methyl substitution of azobenzene core and alkyl chain length
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Nagasaki Mayumi , Norikane Yasuo
Published: November 2022

Methyl substitutions causing symmetry of azobenzene core affect the molecular conformation and odd-even effect in the two-dimensional structure.
CoPriNet: graph neural networks provide accurate and rapid compound price prediction for molecule prioritisation
Authors: Sanchez-Garcia Ruben , Havasi Dávid , Takács Gergely , Robinson Matthew C. , Lee Alpha , von Delft Frank , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: November 2022

CoPriNet can predict compound prices after being trained on 6M pairs of compounds and prices collected from the Mcule catalogue.
Structural properties of mixed conductor Ba1−xGd1−yLax+yCo2O6−δ
Authors: Strandbakke Ragnar , Wragg David S. , Sørby Magnus H. , Guzik Matylda N. , Gunnæs Anette E. , Szpunar Iga , Wachowski Sebastian Lech , Balaguer María , Carvalho Patricia A. , Mielewczyk-Gryń Aleksandra , Serra Jose M. , Norby Truls
Published: November 2022

Mixed conducting perovskite BGLC82 undergoes an order–disorder transition upon hydration. Crystalline phases in BGLC have been identified and quantified with respect to volume percent and cation occupancy vs. La fraction.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying – retrospect, achievements and challenges
Authors: Boldyreva Elena
Published: November 2022

The paper presents a view on the achievements, challenges and prospects of mechanochemistry. The extensive reference list can serve as a good entry point to a plethora of mechanochemical literature.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the anti-perovskite nitrides Co3CuN, Ni3CuN and Co3MoN for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Daisley Angela , Higham Michael , Catlow C. Richard A. , Hargreaves Justin S. J.
Published: November 2022

Potential of the anti-perovskite nitrides as reagents for the production of ammonia through chemical looping.
A focused review on structures and ionic conduction mechanisms in inorganic solid-state proton and hydride anion conductors
Authors: Sun Shichen , Tang Qiming , Zhang Kangkang , Wen Yeting , Billings Aidan , Huang Kevin
Published: November 2022

This review provides a focused discussion on the structures and ionic conduction mechanisms of inorganic solid-state proton and hydride anion conductors.
The era of high-quality chemical probes
Authors: Licciardello Marco P. , Workman Paul
Published: November 2022

A brief history of milestones leading to selection and use guidelines for high-quality chemical probes. We highlight their importance to study protein function and illustrate examples of recently developed probes acting through different modalities.
Experimental verification of SO2and S desorption contributing to defect formation in MoS2by thermal desorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Shuhong , Nishimura Tomonori , Maruyama Mina , Okada Susumu , Nagashio Kosuke
Published: November 2022

We confirm that adsorption of oxygen results in the formation of defects by detecting SO2 desorption though thermal desorption spectroscopy.
Fluoroamide-driven intermolecular hydrogen-atom-transfer-enabled intermolecular 1,2-alkylarylation of alkenes
Authors: Cheng Chaozhihui , Chen De , Li Yang , Xiang Jian-Nan , Li Jin-Heng
Published: November 2022

Divergent alkene 1,2-alkylarylation, 1,2-alkylamination and 1,2-alkoxycarbonylarylation enabled by fluoroamide-driven intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer is developed.
Self-assembly-based integration of Ag@Au oligomers and core/shell nanoparticles on polymer chips for efficient sensing devices
Authors: Fahes Abeer , En Naciri Aotmane , Shoker Mohamad Baker , Akil Suzanna
Published: November 2022

Self-assembly of Ag/Au nanocomposites into hetero-oligomers and core/shells morphologies. The monitoring of Ag/Au atomic ratio and facet passivation showed a successful approach to prepare heterostructures with boosted SERS performance.
Optical wavelength selective actuation of dye doped liquid crystalline elastomers by quasi-daylight
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Yao Liru , Yan Huixuan , Zhang Yuhe , Han Dongxu , He Yifan , Li Chensha , Zhang Jianqi
Published: November 2022

We developed an optical selective actuation of dye doped liquid crystalline elastomers based on difference in absorption band of dyes. Selective actuation could be demonstrated by filtering the same quasi-daylight to be different wavelength bands.
Unravelling the redox behaviour of a carbon nitride polymer-based ternary heterostructure for CO2 photoreduction promoted by amine coupling
Authors: Prajapati Pankaj Kumar , Saini Neha , Chauhan Deepak Kumar , Kailasam Kamalakannan
Published: November 2022

Imine compounds are essential commodity chemicals used in synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals, along with as the sacrificial donor in the photoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels.
Fabricating biodegradable calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate cement reinforced with cellulose:in vitroandin vivostudies
Authors: Li Xiao-Dan , Yan Da-Wei , Ren Hao-Hao , Zhang Qi-Yi , Yan Yong-Gang
Published: November 2022

The study explores the osteogenic differentiation mechanism and immune response of biodegradable calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate cements reinforced with cellulose.
Microfluidic thermal flow sensor based on phase-change material with ultra-high thermal sensitivity
Authors: Cao Yunqi , Wang Tongyu , Sepúlveda Nelson
Published: November 2022

A microfluidic thermal mass flow sensor with ultra-high thermal sensitivity, based on planar micro-machining technology and a phase-change material is developed.
A closer look at supernovae as seeds for galactic magnetization
Authors: Ntormousi Evangelia , Del Sordo Fabio , Cantiello Matteo , Ferrara Andrea
Published: November 2022

Context. Explaining the currently observed magnetic fields in galaxies requires relatively strong seeding in the early Universe. One of the current theories proposes that magnetic seeds on the order of μG were expelled by supernova (SN) explosions after primordial fields of nG strength or weaker were amplified in stellar interiors.

Aims. In this work, we take a closer look at this theory and calculate the maximum magnetic energy that can be injected in the interstellar medium by a stellar cluster of mass Mcl based on what is currently known about stellar magnetism.

Methods. We consider early-type stars and adopt either a Salpeter or a top-heavy initial mass function. For their magnetic fields, we adopt either a Gaussian or a bimodal distribution. The Gaussian model assumes that all massive stars are magnetized with 103 <  ⟨B*⟩< 104 G, while the bimodal, consistent with observations of Milky Way stars, assumes only 5 − 10% of OB stars have 103 <  ⟨B*⟩< 104 G, while the rest have 10 <  ⟨B*⟩< 102 G. We ignore the effect of magnetic diffusion and assume no losses of magnetic energy.

Results. We find that the maximum magnetic energy that can be injected by a stellar population is between 10−10 and 10−7 times the total SN energy. The highest end of these estimates is about five orders of magnitude lower than what is usually employed in cosmological simulations, where about 10−2 of the SN energy is injected as magnetic.

Conclusions. Pure advection of the stellar magnetic field by SN explosions is a good candidate for seeding a dynamo, but not enough to magnetize galaxies. Assuming SNe as the main mechanism for galactic magnetization, the magnetic field cannot exceed an intensity of 10−7 G in the best-case scenario for a population of 105 solar masses in a superbubble of 300 pc radius, while more typical values are between 10−10 and 10−9 G. Therefore, other scenarios for galactic magnetization at high redshift need to be explored.
Improved reduce-order modeling of bidirectional interleaved boost with coupled inductors converter
Authors: ZHANG Yuchen , MA Ruiqing , FAN Ping
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an improved reduced-order average modeling method for the bidirectional interleaved boost with coupled inductors (BIBCI) converter is proposed, based on the PWM and phase-shift dual-degree-of-freedom modulation and traditional reduced-order average model. Considering the power loss of the coupled inductor, the core loss, and the parasitic parameters of the inductors, capacitors, and switches in the circuit topology, the new model reflects the dynamic performance of the converter in a wide frequency domain more accurately than the traditional model. The small-signal model and transfer function are further deduced to provide a basis for the design of closed-loop controllers and have good engineering practicability. According to voltage source load or resistive load, the double-loop or triple-loop controller is designed correspondingly. The two models are theoretically analyzed and compared, and the proposed controller is verified by a 1.5 kW prototype.
Path-factor critical covered graphs and path-factor uniform graphs
Authors: Wu Jie
Published: November 2022

A path-factor in a graphGis a spanning subgraphFofGsuch that every component ofFis a path. Letdandnbe two nonnegative integers withd ≥ 2. AP≥d-factor ofGis its spanning subgraph each of whose components is a path with at leastdvertices. A graphGis called aP≥d-factor covered graph if for anye ∈ E(G),Gadmits aP≥d-factor containinge. A graphGis called a (P≥d, n)-factor critical covered graph if for anyN ⊆ V(G) with |N| =n, the graphG − Nis aP≥d-factor covered graph. A graphGis called aP≥d-factor uniform graph if for anye ∈ E(G), the graphG − eis aP≥d-factor covered graph. In this paper, we verify the following two results: (i) An (n + 1)-connected graphGof order at leastn + 3 is a (P≥3, n)-factor critical covered graph ifGsatisfiesδ(G) > (α(G)+2n+3)/2; (ii) Every regular graphGwith degreer ≥ 2 is aP≥3-factor uniform graph.
Inventory management through one step ahead optimal control based on linear programming
Authors: Roth Luiz Carlos , Bhaya Amit , Kaszkurewicz Eugenius
Published: November 2022

A one step ahead optimal strategy is proposed for the inventory control and management problem, and rewritten as a linear programming problem, permitting practical implementation. Important novel aspects of the proposed solution are that it uses economic value added (EVA), a comprehensive performance index commonly used in business management, instead of regulation to a set point or to a interval of stock values; it does not require knowledge or prediction of the demand distribution; it achieves good efficiency with respect to a globally optimal value, defined in this paper, and no significant bullwhip effect, while being robust to demand and lead time variations. The proposed one step ahead optimal controller is compared with the classical (s, S) controller, as well as with a representative of the inventory and order-based production controller family. In order to make a fair comparison, this paper also proposes a tuning method for the latter two controllers. Numerical experiments based on average performance of the three controllers for a set of normally distributed demands show the superiority of the proposed one step ahead optimal controller, in terms of EVA as well as in terms of other measures proposed in the paper.