bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial dynamics of mexican tomato in the framework of the USMCA: an analysis of trade with the united states using the gravity model
Authors: Luquez Gaitan Carlos Ernesto , Hernández-Mendoza Natividad , Gómez-Gómez Alma Alicia
Published: August 2022

Objective: Within the framework of the treaty between Mexico, the United States and Canada (USMCA), the objective of this study is to provide a description through econometric methods of the variables that influence tomato trade, in addition to describing the commercial dynamics of the sector in both Mexico and the United States.
Design / Methodology / Approach: A gravity model was applied to investigate and evaluate the role of some of the main economic and geographic variables as determinants of Mexican trade flows.
Results: The results show that the most important variables are the US gross national income per capita (GNIPC), as well as the US per capita production and consumption volumes calculated from apparent national consumption (ANC). It was also found that the variable GNIPC is better to determine the model than the gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC), due to the qualities of the variables.
Limitations / Implications: Statistical records for the period 1994 to 2020 were taken into account, considering all varieties of tomato produced and exported.
Findings / Conclusions: Regarding income, the variable with the best fit in the model was in GNIPC, which was adopted in the World Bank’s current way of classifying countries by income, variables such as consumption and production behaved in a typical way increasing and decreasing the volume traded. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most competitive and profitable agricultural products in Mexico.
Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salinity conditions
Authors: Meriño-Hernández Yanitza , Garatuza-Payán Jaime , Argentel Martinez Leandris , García-Urías Julio C. , Peñuelas Rubio Ofelda , Dell Amico-Rodríguez José M. , Rodríguez-Yon Yaquelín
Published: August 2022

Objective. Evaluate the effect of salinity due to NaCl on physiological variables of chickpea plants using native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus cubensis and Rhizoglomus irregulare during the pre-flowering stage.
Design/methodology/approach. The research was carried out under controlled weather conditions using the chickpea variety N-29 as an experimental model. The treatments consisted on the combination of four salinity levels: 0, 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl (variation source A) and AMF (variation source B) in three levels. In total there were 12 treatments with six repetitions, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The evaluated variables were number of green and dry leaves, dry biomass per organ (leaves, root and stem), net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area ratio (LAR).
Results. The green leaves, the NAR and the dry biomass from roots and leaves, were the variables with the greatest response in the 50 mM NaCl + R. irregulare treatment, with an average increase of 15% with respect to the rest of the treatments.
Limitations/implications. A decrease on the evaluated variables was observed due to the salinity effect; however, chickpea plants subjected to NaCl 50 mM inoculated with R. irregulare were less affected by salt stress.
Findings/conclusions. The R. irregulare strain was found to contribute more than the G. cubensis to the mitigation of the adverse effects from the salinity factor.
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) dalam Tumpangsari dengan Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Penanaman Ketiga Di Tanah Entisol Semi Arid yang Mengandung Residu Kompos Biochar dan Pernah Ditanami Jagung Secara Monokultur
Authors: Nahak Bonifasius
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis residu beberapa jenis kompos biochar yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau yang ditumpangsarikan dengan jagung di tanah entisol semi arid, mengetahui takaran kompos biochar yang dapat mempertinggi pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau yang ditumpangsarikan dengan jagung di tanah entisol semi arid. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus - Oktober 2020 di lahan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi Kecamatan Kota Kefamenanu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak berjalur (Stripe Plot Design) 3×3 yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pengkayak dalam kompos biochar yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan yaitu biochar murni, kotoran ayam, dan kotoran sapi sedangkan pada faktor yang kedua takaran kompos biochar yaitu: 0 t/Ha, 5 t/Ha dan 10 t/Ha. Dengan demikian kombinasi perlakuannya terdapat 9 unit masing-masing diulangi sebanyak 3 kali sehingga terdapat 27 satuan unit perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi interaksi antar perlakuan residu kompos biochar dan takaran kompos biochar pada parameter suhu tanah 28 HST dan tinggi tanaman 42 HST. Perlakuan residu kompos biochar pupuk kandang ayam merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai tertinggi terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat segar berangkasan, jumlah bintil akar, jumlah bintil akar efektif, jumlah bintil akar tidak efektif, berat kering berangkasan, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat biji per petak, dan berat biji per Ha. Perlakuan takaran kompos biochar 10 t/Ha merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai tertinggi pada parameter berat segar berangkasan, jumlah bintil akar efektif, berat kering berangkasan, panjang polong, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat biji per tanaman, berat 100 biji, berat biji per petak, dan berat biji per Ha.
The Responses of Some Doses Fertilizer Bat Guano on The Crop Yield of Hiyung Chili Pepper in The Ultisols
Authors: Fitriani Ayu , Rizali Akhmad , Saputra Riza Adrianoor , Sari Noorkomala
Published: August 2022

Hiyung chili is a type of chili found in Hiyung Village, Tapin District, South Kalimantan with a spiciness rate of 94,500 ppm. Bat manure is a fertilizer that contains elements of N, P, and K which are important for plant growth and development and are expected to increase nutrient content in the soil. This study aims to determine the effect and the best dosage of bat manure on the growth and yield of Hiyung chili on ultisol. Ultisol is a soil that has low organic matter, yellowish-red soil, acidic soil reaction, low base saturation, high Al content, low nutrient content such as N, P, and K. This study used a single factor CRD consisting of 5 treatment levels, namely k0 = 0 t.ha-1, k1 = 1 t.ha-1, k2 = 2 t.ha-1, k3 = 3 t.ha-1, k4 = 4 t.ha-1. The results of this study showed that giving several doses of bat manure fertilizer significantly affected plant growth, leaf size, fresh fruit weight, cropping, and crop production. The best bat manure doses to increase growth and yield of hiyung chili plants at a dose of 3 t.ha-1
Implikasi Diplomasi Pertahanan terhadap Keamanan Siber dalam Konteks Politik Keamanan
Authors: Ar rahman Lazuardi Luqman
Published: August 2022

The development of global technology and information gave an impact on the increasement of Cyber media users which allow them to connect with each other without any obstacles by using the Internet, this of course presents a new threat to the security of a country. The openness and freedom offered by cyber media makes it difficult for the state to monitor and supervise cyber space which is considered too broad, making cybersecurity a complex topic where actors, motives and targets vary and always evolving every day. Security politics are an inseparable part of this discussion because the use of state security concept is a fundamental component in drafting regulations and policies. This research aims to explain the relation between the complexity of cybersecurity, the role of political security and defense diplomacy. Qualitative method and literature study technique is used in this research. This research uses the assistance of defense diplomacy theory and the concept of national security which serves as a tool to dissect existing problems. From this research, the researcher can conclude that the complexity of cybersecurity encourages political security actors to take responsibility in protecting citizens from various security threats including cyber threats, through defense diplomacy in the form of signing an MoU regarding a Transfer of Knowledge with other countries.
STUDI KEAMANAN NASIONAL DALAM PRESPEKTIF DIPLOMASI PERTAHANAN INDONESIA
Authors: Soegeng Soegeng
Published: August 2022

In this journal, the authors discuss the concept of national security studies andIndonesian Defense Diplomacy. Previous studies have not used much of the theory ofIndonesian Defense Diplomacy and the concept of national security studies to analyze it.Furthermore, this study aims to clarify national security studies from the perspective ofIndonesian Defense Diplomacy in producing defense policy. Through the contentanalysis approach method, the research results show the importance of strengtheningregulation and strengthening public diplomacy and military diplomacy to strengthendefense diplomacy. As stated in the 2015 Indonesian Defense White Paper, capacitybuilding and trust-building are intended to improve human resources for the Ministryof Defense and the TNI. The 2021 Draft State Budget aimed at accelerating the nationaleconomic recovery. Trust building aims to increase the trust of Indonesian DefenseDiplomacy with regional countries, for example, Russia and South Korea, Turkey. Theywere enhancing national security through economic strength, military and diplomacycapabilities, and conducting broader cooperation in the future. The strong economic,military, and Defense Diplomacy of Indonesia are the basis for strengthening NationalSecurity. In the future, it can face AGHT in this era of globalization.Keywords: Study concept, national security, Indonesian Defense Diplomacy
Implikasi Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Diplomasi Pertahanan Masyarakat Global dan Regional: Bentuk Kerjasama oleh Organisasi Regional
Authors: Waskito Wasis
Published: August 2022

As of October 29, 2020, WHO stated that Covid-19 had infected more than 43 millionpeople worldwide with 400 thousand new cases every day and had caused more than 1 millionpeople to die. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the nations’ views of security concept and hasimplications for global and regional communities’ defence diplomacy. This paper uses a contentanalysis research method based on Mayring's theory and focuses on defense diplomacyimplemented by 10 regional security organizations in the world based on Bailes and Cottey’s work,namely AU, Arab League, ASEAN, APEC, CARICOM, EU, OAS, OIC, SADC, and NATO.From the analysis of related content, it can be concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic hasimplications toward the form of defense diplomacy carried out by international organizations.Defense diplomacy carried out during the pandemic focused on the commitment and assistancemade to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and the nations’ economic recovery in the form of healthdiplomacy and economic diplomacy. This is in line with the complexity in the concept of securityand the variety of areas of cooperation that can be accomplished in the concept of defense diplomacy.Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, defence diplomacy, security, regional organizations
Strategi China di Kawasan Asia Timur
Authors: Purnama Rafiq
Published: August 2022

The East Asian region has always been warm because of China's dominance in influencingcountries. Some of China's strategies, on the one hand, make regional stability more conducive;on the other hand, its neighbors feel threatened. Therefore, this study aims to look at China'sstrategy in the economic and defense fields and how the neighboring countries react to China'smaneuvers. The method used is content analysis with strong realism views. Seen from the pointof view of realism, China and its surrounding countries' behavior is very relevant, namely thenature of human egoism and greed in various things, especially political realism, which alwaysemphasizes countries to pursue power and fulfill the "national interest" of each country. Chinawill continue to strengthen its influence in the region. This has sometimes made regionalinstability and stability the key to increasing countries' economic growth in the region.Keywords: East Asia, economic and defense strategy, regional stability, realism, nationalinterest
AUKUS Alliance: United States Strategic Interest in Indo-Pacific
Authors: Novita Audry Anjani Danindra
Published: August 2022

This research talks about the United States’ interests in Indo-Pacific through an alliance called AUKUS, which consists of Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The United States, as a great power, has its focus on maintaining and strengthening security and alliances in the world. As the conflict in the South China Sea arose, the United States focused its strategy on preventing the conflict in the region; hence, the United States allied with Australia and United Kingdom. The research examines the strategy and national interests of the U.S. in the Indo-Pacific region through AUKUS. This research uses a qualitative method, exploring national interests, the means and ways of foreign policy, and the decision-making process on the United States' interest through AUKUS in Indo-Pacific.
Covid 19 and the USA- China Relationship
Authors: Mandigo Willie
Published: August 2022

The origins of the covid virus have not been empirically identified and different theories have since been proffered. One of these is the belief that the virus was a deliberate biological attack on China by the USA in order to scuttle China’s economic domination of the Asian region and ultimately the whole international arena. This paper sought to analyse the validity of this theory. The paper evaluated both USA and China’s national interests, and the means available towards their achievement under the auspices of the theory concerning the origins of the covid virus.
Postcolonial Study on Guest by Camus in the lens of Homi Ke Bhabha
Authors: Raouf Aminzadeh  , Fatemeh Sadat Basirizadeh  , Narges Raoufzadeh  , Shiva Zaheri Birgani
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to discuss use of Postcolonial Study on Guest by Camus in the lens of Homi Ke Bhabha. The result of this study shows that The Arab was "imposing on him a kind of brotherhood he understood well but refused to accept in the particular circumstances," Daru believes (80). Due to the control Daru wields over the Arab as his 'transport' to the police and the political context of the region, the two have significant contrasts that make for a difficult friendship to form. The human connection, on the other hand, is undeniable, since the two sharing a place led to the formation of "an odd alliance," as Daru describes it
On-farm demonstration of improved emmer wheat varieties in bale zone, Oromiya national regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Gadissa Bayeta , Biftu Amare , Sida Ayalew
Published: August 2022

On-farm demonstration of improved emmer wheat varieties was conducted in Sinana and Goba districts of Bale Zone. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate and evaluate recently released Haydaro variety along with standard check. The demonstration was under taken on single plot of 10 m x 10 m area for each variety with the spacing of 20 cm between rows and recommended seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 and fertilizer rate of 100 qt ha-1 NPS. Mini-field day involving different stakeholders was organized at each respective site. Yield data per plot was recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics, while farmers’ preference to the demonstrated varieties was identified using focused group discussion and summarized using pair wise and simple ranking methods. The demonstration result revealed that Haydaro variety performed better than the standard check of Sinana 01 variety with an average yield of 33.5 qt ha-1, while that of the standard check was 27.2 qt ha-1. Haydaro variety had 23.16% yield advantage over the standard check. The farmers in all districts selected this variety. Thus, Haydaro variety was recommended for further scaling up in the selected area.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 1-3, June 2022
Marketing system of summer tomato in Jashore district of Bangladesh
Authors: Hajong Pradip , Rahman Md Hafijur , Kobir Md Shahriar
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted for the assessment of marketing system of summer tomato in Jashore. Summer tomato had high demand and high value crop in summer season among the consumers. Data were collected from 30 randomly selected tomato farmers and 60 traders from different market of Jashore district of Bangladesh during July-October, 2019. Farmer, faria, bepari, wholesaler, commission agents and retailer were involved in marketing of summer tomato. Marketing cost of farmar, faria, bepari, wholesaler, retailer (urban) and retailer (rural) were 430.00, 691.00, 2184.00, 2443.00, 1857.00 and 1074.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. Net margin or profit of the faria, bepari, wholesaler and retailer were 1300.00, 817.00, 557.00 and 2143.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. There were seven marketing channel exist in tomato marketing. Total marketing cost of all intermediaries was 7604.00 Tk ton-1 and net margin was 4826.00 Tk ton-1. Marketing efficiency was 2.25. Price spread between consumer paid and producer received was 8000.00 Tk ton-1. On the other hand, producer share was 78 percent. Spoilage and damage, transportation and packaging were the main marketing problem of summer tomato.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 12-17, June 2022
Effect of cassava legumes intercropping on yield and yield components of compound crops in Jinka on station, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gezahegn Biruk , Tadesse Awoke , Tadesse Anteneh , Kelifa Zeynu
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was carried out during the 2017-18 cropping season at Jinka Agricultural Research Center on station, South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia, to determine suitable legumes in cassava legume intercropping on yield and land use efficiency of both crops. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments (cassava with haricot bean, cowpea, and pigeon pea as intercrop compared with cassava, haricot bean, cowpea and pigeon pea as sole) laid in RCBD in three replications. Statistical analysis showed that, intercropping cassava with haricot bean, cowpea and pigeon pea resulted in 54, 56 and 21% greater land use efficiency than for either crop grown alone. The highest MAI was obtained by growing cassava with haricot bean (18310.8) followed by cassava with cowpea (14524.4) whereas relatively the lowest was cassava with pigeon pea (6005.6). Based on the present finding, intercropping of cassava with haricot bean had more economic advantage (52219.8 Ebirr) than the other crop combination or grown alone. Therefore, intercropping cassava with grain legumes such as haricot bean and cowpea is important to cassava farmers since it would provide additional crop yield during the early cassava growth stage with the same piece of land and more profitable related to cost benefit. Therefore, use of cassava intercropping with haricot bean can be recommended for cassava producing farmers at Jinka and its vicinity.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 30-33, June 2022
The market chain analysis of live cattle in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kusse Kutoya , Alemayehu Yidnekachew , Ermias Gedion , Darcho Dawit
Published: August 2022

This study focus on market chain actors and their functions they play in the market, to analyze the S-C-P of live cattle in the study area. Few traders dominated the market structure of live cattle in the study area. Degree of competition between traders varies and the live cattle market structure varies from loose oligopoly to tight oligopoly. This shows that in the study area few traders dominated market shares and earns abnormal profit. Entry barriers of the market are high market distant, characterize the market of live cattle and high transportation cost. In addition, market the structure varies for each cattle type.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 56-66, June 2022
Compost enriched with effective microorganism and bordeaux mixture on ginger bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanaceurum) epidemics in southwestern, Ethiopia
Authors: Jibat Merga , Asfaw Mulukan
Published: August 2022

Ginger is one of the most widely distributed spices grown in various cropping systems and locations throughout the southwestern Ethiopia. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the serious diseases of ginger in Ethiopia. Field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 to assess effects of soil amendments on bacterial wilt development and epidemics at Tepi, Ethiopia. Three soil amendments practices: compost, effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture alone and in integration were evaluated. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Compost at the rate of 7 ton ha-1 enriched with effective and Bordeaux mixture treatment significantly reduced ginger bacterial wilt severity, AUDPC and disease progress rate. This treatment reduced bacterial wilt mean severity by up to 21.08% as compared to untreated control plot. Compost at the rate of 7 ton ha-1 application also slowed down epidemic progression of bacterial wilt and significantly reduced the disease parameters when integrated effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture. The overall results indicated that integrated compost enriched with effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture was effective to slow down the epidemics of bacterial wilt and to sustain ginger production and productivity. Hence, integrated compost enriched with effective microorganisms and Bordeaux mixture along with other crop management systems are recommended for improved ginger production and productivity.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 72-78, June 2022
Evaluation of improved Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) varieties in mid land area of South Omo Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Eshbel Atlaw , Muluneh Mihretu , Awol Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Cassava is one of the most important foods security crops, especially in those regions disposed to difficult crop environments. The crop is also grown in the southern part of Ethiopia and plays an important role for home consumption, animal feed and source of income for small-scale farmers. However, its productivity is still low due to the lack of improved planting materials. Therefore, the experiment was conducted at Jinka Agricultural Research Center’s research site during the 2018 and 2019 consecutive cropping seasons to investigate the adaptability of improved cassava varieties and to select high-yielding variety/varieties for the target area. Four improved cassava varieties (Hawassa-4, Kello, Qulle and Chichu) and one local check were used as treatments and arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. ANOVA revealed that the interaction between year and variety showed non-significant, whereas varieties performed significantly different (p<0.05) for root yield and other yield-related characters considered in this study. The higher mean value of total root yield was recorded on Hawassa-4 (56.91 ton ha-1) followed by Kello (42.8 ton ha-1) and showed good mean performance for root yield-related parameters than local and Qulle varieties. In general, the varieties Hawassa-4 and Kello yielded better than local checks by 50.95% and 13.5%, respectively. Therefore, the variety Hawassa-4 followed by Kello was identified as the highest yielding and adaptable Cassava varieties at the midland area of South Omo Zone and similar agro-ecologies.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 101-104, June 2022
Households’ willingness to pay for improved water service in Bonga town, Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Asado Aklilu , Adicha Asmera , Tesfaye Yemiryu
Published: August 2022

This study was initiated to estimate households’ willingness to pay for improved water services and identify its determinants by using the contingent valuation method in Bonga town of Kaffa zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional data from a total of 212 sampled households’ from two randomly selected kebeles of Bonga town. Contingent valuation survey responses were analyzed through descriptive and econometric analysis using Probit and Bivariate probit model. Double bounded dichotomous choice with open-ended follow-up format was used to elicit the household’s willingness to pay. The descriptive analysis showed that out of the total 205 valid responses indicated that most households’ have perceived the problem of existing water services and were willing to pay for its improvement. Results from the study showed that about 80.98% of the sampled households were willing to pay the initial bid offered for an improvement in their water services scheme. The Probit model regression result shows that the age, daily water use, satisfaction level, fetching time, initial bid, ownership of the house, quality, family size, stay in town, and income were important factors that influenced WTP for improved water service. The study also shows that the maximum willingness to pay for improved water service was calculated to be 57.62 Birr and 30.11 Birr per month from double bounded and open-ended format respectively. The study also reveals that the aggregate welfare gains from the improvement of water supply in the study area were calculated to be 1,176,531 and 614,810 ETB per month from double bounded dichotomous choice and open-ended format respectively. Therefore, the policymakers, as well as project implementers who design solutions to address the problem of water service in the study area, should take account of these factors into their decision.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 105-114, June 2022
Comparative effects of partial conservation farming practices on plant development and yield
Authors: Mphande Thandiwe , Mataa Mebelo , Munyinda Kalaluka , Namanyungu Dominic
Published: August 2022

Sustainable farming systems are being introduced to ensure optimum agricultural productivity despite climate change and environmental degradation. One such sustainable agricultural technology is conservation farming (CF). The uptake of this technology has remained low at about 5% years after its introduction. CF has five interrelated practices but for a variety of reasons, farmers are unable or unwilling to adopt all recommended practices. This study studied the agronomic effects of incomplete or partial conservation practice whereby not all the five practices are used, mimicking actual practices adopted by farmers. A split- plot design experiment involving partial or incomplete CF mainly use of basins, ripping were compared to conventional farming of normal ploughing (as main plots) and three crops - cowpea, millet and sorghum (split plot) was conducted. The objective was to determine the agronomic effects and efficacy of partial adoption of CF compared to conventional farming system. Data were collected on vegetative and reproductive parameters including, plant height, germination percentage, canopy density, number of leaves, number of branches/tillers/stems, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) readings a proxy for leaf chlorophyll content. Plants grown in basins had higher plant development (plant height, total biomass) and higher yields compared to those on conventional methods. This effect could be explained by better soil physical and chemical conditions in the basins as indicated by higher SPAD readings.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 115-119, June 2022
W Ions Energy Spectra Formed by Sharp and Grazing Laser Radiation
Authors: Matnazarov A. , Artikova R.
Published: August 2022

In this article, we study the energy spectra of plasma ions constructed using a package of mass-charge distributions of ions with charge multiplicity from Z to Zmax.
Biodiversity of Benthic Ciliates of Fresh Waters of Lankaran Natural Area
Authors: Tahirova E. , Ahmadova N.
Published: August 2022

The article presents data on the species diversity of benthic ciliates in various water bodies of the Lankaran natural area. The conducted studies have shown that the greatest species diversity of free-living ciliates was observed on silty soils prevailing in the fresh waters of the natural area. Among them, the biotopes of gray oily and algal oozes should be noted, on which more than 60% of all species were found. When studying ciliates in relation to the active reaction of the environment, it was revealed that, although in most cases, the maximum number of species is observed in a slightly alkaline environment, sometimes there are exceptions. Since ciliates belonging to the euryionic group have been noted several times at pH above 8.5 and at pH 4.7 with a relatively high number. The diversity of conditions in freshwater bodies is the main for the rich species diversity of freshwater benthic ciliafauna. In addition, observations of the food relationships of free-living ciliates with other groups of benthic inhabitants are presented. The noted ciliates were divided into groups, such as phytophages, bacteriophages, predators, and their diet was studied. Small diatoms have been found to be of great importance in the diet of many species. And the free-living ciliates themselves are food objects of large predatory species. Thus, we observed that representatives of the Trachelidae family actively feed on many bacteriophages ciliates.
Seeding Sowing Rates and Fertilizers Effect on the Biological Development and Yield in the Ganja-Dashkasan Economic Region
Authors: Huseynov N. , Shirinova I.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the application of manure and inorganic fertilizers for Gossypium on irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils in the Ganja-Dashkasan Economic Region. The optimal terms of sowing and application of inorganic fertilizers were determined. In the variant of sowing seeds on April 10-15, the Gossypium yield in the control (without fertilizers) variant for 2 years was 32.8 cwt/ha, in the second variant - 35.3 cwt/ha. The increase is 3.5 cwt/ha or 11.3%. In the third option, these figures are equal to 40 cwt/ha; 7.2%; The most optimal result was in the variant with the application of NPK, where the increase compared to the control was 14.4 cwt/ha or 46.8%. As the norms of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) increased, the studied indicators decreased relative to the NPK variant. On the experimental site, the yield significantly increased at the end of the growing season due to the complex action of inorganic fertilizers during sowing on April 10-15. The largest amount of raw cotton was in the variety NPK.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Melatonin/Testosterone/Estrogens: Neurophysiological and Neuroendocrinological Routing of Longevity
Authors: Pyatin V. , Maslova O. , Romanchuk N.
Published: August 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is the evolutionary, genetic and epigenetic routing of Homo sapiens , with the introduction of the ADNM - 365/22/77 (Alzheimer’s Disease & Nuclear Medicine) rehabilitation program and medical and social neurocommunications and accompaniments (Research Institute of Neuroscience, 2022). Innovative neuromodulation methods in combined neuroendocrine therapy/rehabilitation (drug, non-pharmacological, etc.) predict the protection of brain aging. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme was introduced: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster has been developed and implemented in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive impairment and cognitive disorders. Bioelectromagnetic characteristics of light exposure to the visual analyzer, is the strongest synchronizing signal for the circadian system and optimal operation of Homo sapiens brain. Optimization of neurobiological and chronomedicine processes is possible with the circadian production of melatonin and ensuring its long-term concentration in the human body. Sex hormones have numerous protective and antioxidant effects in the adult brain, increasing neural function and resistance and promoting neuronal survival. As the body ages, there is a relatively rapid loss of ovarian hormones in women after menopause and a gradual but indeed significant decrease in testosterone in men. Reproductive aging in both men and women has a negative effect on neural function and represents a significant age-related risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Alzheimer's disease. A key positive factor in all studies is the age of initiation of menopausal hormone therapy, early initiation of menopausal hormone therapy is protective against Alzheimer's disease. Neuroendocrinological multimodal methods make it possible to significantly increase the duration of an active and high-quality healthy life of a person. The start time of exogenous estrogen therapy was also highly significantly associated with the risk of dementia: if hormone replacement therapy began in the first 5 years after the onset of menopause, the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease was significantly lower. In addition, estrogens act in the brain, regulating a wide range of behaviors and physiological functions in both sexes.
Molecular Heterogeneity of Classical and Duarte Galactosemia
Authors: Aliyeva K. , Hajiyeva N.
Published: August 2022

For the first time we have conducted molecular-genetic analysis of GALT gene of galactosemia inherited disease in the newborn blood which found at the result of screening conducted maternity houses of Baku city of Azerbaijan Republic. For Azerbaijan people for the first-time identification of substitution of adenine nucleotide with guanine nucleotide in GALT gene position 563 was conducted. It leaded to substitution of glycineamino acid with arginine amino acid in position 188 of mutation protein. Galactosemia is an alteration that alters the way the body processes galactose. It may be due to a deficiency of any of the three enzymes of the galactose catabolic pathway; galactose-1- phosphate urydiltransferase (Gal-1-PUT), galactokinase or urydil diphosphate (UDP)- galactose-4-epimerase. Individuals having galactosemia are intolerant to lactose and galactose in milk. In the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment, this disorder can lead to enlarged liver, cirrhosis, renal failure, cataracts, brain damage and even death. Long term complications can be prevented with early diagnosis following birth and by eliminating lactose and galactose containing nutrients from daily diet.
Morphological Changes in the Brain in Animals Under the Influence of Press Chamber Hypoxia
Authors: Aldashukurov Y. , Tukhvatshin R.
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the subject of research is the study of the brain of laboratory rats. The aim of the study is to study the morphological changes in brain neurons in animals under the influence of acute hypoxia. The study of this problem is of considerable interest from the point of view of understanding the physiological patterns of the body’s integrative response to the impact of extreme environmental factors. Despite more than a century of systematic study of hypoxia in this area, there are still a number of fundamental questions that need to be answered. The results of the experimental studies showed that, in the stroma, there were edema and swelling, pericellular edema, in the form of voids around the cellular elements, both nervous and neurosecretory. Dystrophic changes in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex are noted in the upper zone, that is, in the zone located closer to the pia mater. Signs of damage to neurocytes were found in all layers of the cerebellum and are visible both in the cells of the molecular, ganglionic, and granular layers. The lesions of the vascular wall were manifested as homogenization of the vascular wall, when the structure of the wall was not traced. It was in such tissues of the vessel that pronounced paravascular edema and small extravasations were noted. Changes in vessels of a larger caliber are not so pronounced, although they are also full-blooded and stagnant. Perivascular and pericellular edema is also expressed in the brain tissue.

Предметом исследования стало изучение головного мозга лабораторных крыс. Целью исследования является изучение морфологических изменений нейронов головного мозга у животных под воздействием острой гипоксии. Изучение этой проблемы представляет значительный интерес с точки зрения познания физиологических закономерностей интегративного ответа организма на воздействие экстремальных факторов окружающей среды. Несмотря на более чем столетнюю историю систематического изучения гипоксии, в этой области до сих пор существует ряд принципиальных вопросов, требующих ответа. Результаты проведенных экспериментальных исследований показали, что в строме оказались отек и набухания, отек перицеллюлярный, в виде пустот вокруг клеточных элементов, как нервных, так и нейросекреторных. Дистрофические изменения серого вещества коры головного мозга отмечаются в верхней зоне, то есть в зоне, расположенной ближе к мягкой мозговой оболочке. Признаки повреждения нейроцитов встречались во всех слоях мозжечка и видны как в клетках молекулярного, ганглионарного, так и зернистого слоев. Поражения сосудистой стенки проявлялись в виде гомогенизации сосудистой стенки, когда структура стенки не прослеживалась. Именно в таких тканях сосуда отмечались выраженные параваскулярные отеки, небольшие экстравазаты. Изменения в сосудах более крупного калибра не так ярко выражены, хотя они также полнокровны и застойны. В ткани мозга также выражен периваскулярный и перицелюлярный отек.
Research Progress of Type P Copper (I) Oxide in the Field of Light Energy Utilization
Authors: Ren B. , Mindrov Konstantin
Published: August 2022

Copper (I) oxide CuO, as a representative intrinsic P-type inorganic semiconductor material, has been widely used in the field of optical energy utilization, such as photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation and other fields, and has an extremely important position. For a long time, the literature on CuO’s application technology in the field of light energy utilization is relatively scattered and independent, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles and difficulties to obtain relevant technical knowledge and have a deep understanding of its internal principles. According to the application of CuO in the field of light energy utilization in recent years, it is mainly divided into three modules (photovoltaic, photocatalysis, photodegradation, photodegradation), and mainly summarizes the classification, principle and characteristics of CuO application in the field of light energy and prospects the optimization method and development direction of the application in the field of CuO light energy. This review aims to provide reference and guidance for the optical energy applications of CuO and other related inorganic oxide semiconductors.

Оксид меди (I) CuO, как типичный неорганический полупроводниковый материал P-типа, широко используется в области использования оптической энергии, такой как фотоэлектрика, фотокатализ, фотодеградация и другие области, и занимает чрезвычайно важное положение. Долгое время литература по технологии применения CuO в области использования световой энергии была относительно разрозненной и независимой, что приводит к определенной степени препятствий и трудностей при получении соответствующих технических знаний и глубокого понимания его внутренних принципов. В соответствии с применением CuO в области использования световой энергии в последние годы, он в основном разделен на три модуля (фотоэлектрический, фотокатализ, фотодеградация, фотодеградация) и в основном обобщает классификацию, принцип и характеристики применения CuO в области световой энергии и перспективы метода оптимизации и направления развития применения в области световой энергии CuO. Цель этого обзора - предоставить справочные материалы и рекомендации по применению CuO и других родственных неорганических оксидных полупроводников в оптической энергии.
Progress in Research on the Technology of Obtaining Inorganic Oxide Semiconductors From Type P Copper (I) Oxide
Authors: Ren B. , Mindrov Konstantin
Published: August 2022

As a representative intrinsic type P inorganic semiconductor material, copper (I) oxide CuO has been widely used in photovoltaic, catalysis, chemical industries and other fields, and has an extremely important position. For a long time, the literature on the preparation method and preparation technology of CuO is relatively scattered and independent, resulting in a certain degree of obstacles and difficulty in obtaining relevant technical knowledge and understanding its internal principles. Aiming at the progress and innovation of CuO preparation methods and technology in recent years, combined with the team’s long-term experience accumulation and research results, this article focuses on the classification, principles and characteristics of CuO preparation methods, and the optimization methods and development directions of CuO preparation technology. The outlook was carried out. This review aims to provide reference and guidance for the preparation and research of CuO and other related inorganic oxide semiconductors.

В качестве репрезентативного неорганического полупроводникового материала типа P оксид меди (I) CuO широко используется в фотоэлектрической, катализной, химической промышленности и других областях и занимает чрезвычайно важное положение. Долгое время литература по способу получения и технологии получения CuO была относительно разрозненной и независимой, что приводило к определенной степени препятствий и трудностей в получении соответствующих технических знаний и понимании ее внутренних принципов. Стремясь к прогрессу и инновациям в методах и технологиях получения CuO за последние годы в сочетании с накоплением многолетнего опыта команды и результатами исследований, эта статья посвящена классификации, принципам и характеристикам методов получения CuO, а также методам оптимизации и направлениям развития технологии получения CuO. Прогноз был выполнен. Цель этого обзора - предоставить справочные материалы и рекомендации по получению и исследованию CuO и других связанных с ними неорганических оксидных полупроводников.
Dynamic Pricing and Energy Management of Electric Heating Integrated Energy System Based on Stackelberg Game
Authors: Wang Y. , Feng G.
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates the dynamic pricing and energy management of integrated electric and thermal energy systems through the Stackelberg game approach, for the upper tier leader problem, the revenue of the integrated energy system as a whole is used as the objective function, taking into account the electricity price and related constraints such as the heat price, for the lower follower problem, a leader-follower Stackelberg game model is constructed with the highest user satisfaction as the objective function, Constraints such as power balance conditions and thermal balance conditions of the system are also taken into account, The upper level of the model is solved using a differential evolutionary algorithm, Lower level solver using CPLEX solver. The simulation results show that the proposed model not only effectively weighs the interests of the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator, but also achieves a win-win situation for both the customer aggregator and the external grid, and the solution algorithm used protects the data privacy between the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator.

В данной работе исследуется динамическое ценообразование и управление энергией в интегрированных электрических и тепловых энергетических системах с помощью подхода игры Штакельберга. Для проблемы лидера верхнего уровня в качестве целевой функции используется доход интегрированной энергетической системы в целом, принимая во внимание цену на электроэнергию и связанные ограничения, такие как цена на тепло. Для проблемы нижнего уровня последователя строится модель игры лидер-последователь Штакельберга с наибольшим удовлетворением пользователя в качестве объективной функции. Учитываются такие ограничения, как условия баланса мощности и условия теплового баланса системы. Верхний уровень модели решается с помощью дифференциального эволюционного алгоритма, нижний уровень решается с помощью решателя CPLEX. Результаты моделирования показывают, что предложенная модель не только эффективно взвешивает интересы интегрированной энергетической системы и агрегатора потребителей, но и достигает беспроигрышной ситуации как для агрегатора потребителей, так и для внешней сети, а используемый алгоритм решения защищает конфиденциальность данных между интегрированной энергетической системой и агрегатором потребителей.
Design of a Heat Exchanger - a Heat Energy Accumulator With an Oscillating Coil for Heating Hot Water With a Capacity of 25 kW
Authors: Chen X. , Golyanin A.
Published: August 2022

The subject of the research is designing a regenerative heat exchanger to heat hot water. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of relevant physical parameters to optimize heat exchanger models. The purpose of this study is to simulate realizing the goal of heating hot water with 25 kW and optimize the model to optimize the heat exchange efficiency in practical work. As a result of the research, Amplitude-frequency response of the circuit increases linearly as speed of rotation. When the speed is constant, the less of water mass is, the value of Amplitude great. The phase frequency response of the circuit increases overall as the speed increases. The greater the mass, the greater, and the rate of increase gradually decreases. we know that increasing the water volume can improve the heat transfer efficiency, but when the water volume (G) increases to 1.6, the rate of increasing the heat transfer efficiency begins to decline, so this should be taken into account in the design process. With the heating time increases, the heat transfer efficiency will also improve. It should be noted that when the heating time increases, the rate of increase of heat transfer efficiency decreases and specific heat capacity (KF) decreases.

Предметом исследования является проектирование рекуперативного теплообменника для нагрева горячей воды. Проведен качественный и количественный анализ соответствующих физических параметров для оптимизации моделей теплообменников. Целью исследования является моделирование нагрева горячей воды и оптимизация эффективности модели теплообмена мощностью 25 кВт в практической работе. В результате исследования установлено, что амплитудно-частотная характеристика контура линейно возрастает с увеличением скорости вращения. Когда скорость постоянна, чем меньше масса воды, тем больше значение амплитуды. Фазочастотная характеристика схемы увеличивается в целом по мере увеличения скорости. Увеличение объема воды может улучшить эффективность теплопередачи, но, когда объем воды (G) увеличивается до 1,6, скорость увеличения эффективности теплопередачи начинает снижаться, поэтому следует учитывать это в процессе проектирования. С увеличением времени нагрева эффективность теплопередачи также будет улучшаться. Следует отметить, что при увеличении времени нагрева снижается скорость повышения эффективности теплообмена и снижается удельная теплоемкость (КФ).