bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saturation level of ion Weibel instability and isotropization length-scale in electron–ion Weibel-mediated shocks
Authors: Jikei Taiki , Amano Takanobu
Published: May 2024

Ion Weibel instability is considered to be the dominant physics for the dissipation in high-Mach number astrophysical shocks such as supernova remnant shocks and gamma-ray burst shocks. We study the instability dependence on various parameters using theory and particle-in-cell simulations. We demonstrate that electron physics determines the saturation level of the Weibel-generated magnetic field, even though the instability is driven by the ions. We discuss the application to astrophysical and laboratory laser experiment environments to clarify the roles of the ion Weibel instability. We develop a model for the isotropization length-scale in Weibel-mediated shocks and compare its value to other characteristic length-scales of each system. We find that electron heating to near equipartition is crucial for the formation of ultrarelativistic Weibel-mediated shocks. On the other hand, our results imply that non-relativistic shocks in the typical interstellar medium are not purely mediated by the Weibel instability.
Characterizing ultra-high-redshift dark matter halo demographics and assembly histories with the gureft simulations
Authors: Yung L Y Aaron , Somerville Rachel S , Nguyen Tri , Behroozi Peter , Modi Chirag , Gardner Jonathan P
Published: May 2024

Dark matter halo demographics and assembly histories are a manifestation of cosmological structure formation and have profound implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies. In particular, merger trees provide fundamental input for several modelling techniques, such as semi-analytic models (SAMs), sub-halo abundance matching (SHAM), and decorated halo occupation distribution models. Motivated by the new ultra-high-redshift (z ≳ 10) frontier enabled by JWST, we present a new suite of Gadget at Ultrahigh Redshift with Extra-Fine Timesteps (gureft) dark matter-only cosmological simulations that are carefully designed to capture halo merger histories and structural properties in the ultra-z universe. The simulation suite consists of four 10243-particle simulations with box sizes of 5, 15, 35, and 90 Mpc h−1, each with 170 snapshots stored between 40 ≥ z ≥ 6. With the unprecedented number of available snapshots and strategically chosen dynamic range covered by these boxes, gureft uncovers the emerging dark matter halo populations and their assembly histories in the earliest epochs of cosmic history. In this work, we present the halo mass functions (HMF) between z ∼ 20 and 6 down to log (Mvir/M⊙) ∼ 5, and show that at high redshift, these robust HMFs can differ substantially from commonly used analytic approximations or older fitting functions in the literature. We also present key physical properties of the ultra-high z halo population, such as concentration and spin, as well as their mass growth and merger rates, and again provide updated fitting functions.
Inflow and outflow properties, not total gas fractions, drive the evolution of the mass–metallicity relation
Authors: Bassini Luigi , Feldmann Robert , Gensior Jindra , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Cenci Elia , Moreno Jorge , Bernardini Mauro , Liang Lichen
Published: May 2024

Observations show a tight correlation between the stellar mass of galaxies and their gas-phase metallicity (MZR). This relation evolves with redshift, with higher redshift galaxies being characterized by lower metallicities. Understanding the physical origin of the slope and redshift evolution of the MZR may provide important insight into the physical processes underpinning it: star formation, feedback, and cosmological inflows. While theoretical models ascribe the shape of the MZR to the lower efficiency of galactic outflows in more massive galaxies, what drives its evolution remains an open question. In this letter, we analyse how the MZR evolves over z = 0–3, combining results from the FIREbox cosmological volume simulation with analytical models. Contrary to a frequent assertion in the literature, we find that the evolution of the gas fraction does not contribute significantly to the redshift evolution of the MZR. Instead, we show that the latter is driven by the redshift dependence of the inflow metallicity, outflow metallicity, and mass loading factor, whose relative importance depends on stellar mass. These findings also suggest that the evolution of the MZR is not explained by galaxies moving along a fixed surface in the space spanned by stellar mass, gas-phase metallicity, and star formation rate.
Kidney Doppler ultrasonography in critical care nephrology
Authors: Corradi Francesco , Bell Max , De Rosa Silvia
Published: May 2024

Color pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound (CPWD-US) emerges as a pivotal tool in intensive care units (ICUs) for diagnosing acute kidney injury (AKI) swiftly and non-invasively. Its bedside accessibility allows for rapid assessments, making it a primary imaging modality for AKI characterization. Furthermore, CPWD-US serves as a guiding instrument for key diagnostic-interventional procedures such as renal needle biopsy and percutaneous nephrostomy, while also facilitating therapy response monitoring and AKI progression tracking. This review shifts focus towards the integration of renal ultrasound into ICU workflows, offering contemporary insights into its utilization through a diagnostic standard–oriented approach. By presenting a flow chart, this review aims to provide practical guidance on the appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasound in critical care scenarios, enhancing diagnostic precision, patient management and safety, albeit amidst a backdrop of limited evidence regarding long-term outcomes.
Palm oil as part of a high-fat diet: advances and challenges, or possible risks of pathology?
Authors: Kurhaluk Natalia
Published: May 2024

Nutritional status disorders have the most significant impact on the development of cardiovascular and oncologic diseases; therefore, the interest in the study of palm oil as among the leading components of nutrition has been increasing. The data examined in this review were sourced from the Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed and PubMed Central, MEDLINE, CAPlus/SciFinder, and Embase databases; experts in the field; bibliographies; and abstracts from review analyses from the past 15 years. This review summarizes recent research data focusing on the quantitative and qualitative composition of nutrition of modern humans; concepts of the relationship between high-fat diets and disorders of insulin functioning and transport and metabolism of fatty acids; analyses of data regarding the palmitic acid (16:0) to oleic acid (18:1) ratio; and the effect of diet based on palm oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and lipid and lipoprotein levels. Several studies suggest a potential vector contributing to the transmission of maternal, high-fat-diet-induced, addictive-like behaviors and obesogenic phenotypes across generations. The relationship between cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes that may lead to lysosome dysfunction and inhibition of the autophagy process is analyzed, as is the progression of inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic liver inflammation, and obesity with associated complications. Data are discussed from analyses of differences between rodent models and human population studies in the investigated different effects of palm oil consumption as a high-fat diet component. A conclusion is reached that the results cannot be generalized in human population studies because no similar effects were observed. Although there are numerous published reports, more studies are necessary to elucidate the complex regulatory mechanisms in digestive and nutrition processes, because there are great differences in lipoprotein profiles between rodents and humans, which makes it difficult to reproduce the pathology of many diseases caused by different types of the high-fat diet.
Ideological polarization in roll call votes in constitutional conventions: The case of Chile in 2021–2
Authors: Campos-Parra Hernán , Navia Patricio
Published: May 2024

What factors account for polarization in constitutional conventions comprised of party members and many independents without prior legislative experience? Using the 4,669 roll call votes in the 155-member constitutional convention in Chile (2021–2), comprised of more independents than party members, we explore the determinants of ideological polarization. Relying on absolute values for the WNominate scores, we find that party members are less polarized than independents and that prior legislative experience does not impact polarization. In institutionalized party systems that allow independents to compete with party members on a level playing field, a larger presence of independents in legislatures might help increase ideological polarization while a larger number of party members helps reduce ideological polarization in roll call votes.
Perspectives on improving photosynthesis to increase crop yield
Authors: Croce Roberta , Carmo-Silva Elizabete , Cho Young B , Ermakova Maria , Harbinson Jeremy , Lawson Tracy , McCormick Alistair J , Niyogi Krishna K , Ort Donald R , Patel-Tupper Dhruv , Pesaresi Paolo , Raines Christine , Weber Andreas P M , Zhu Xin-Guang
Published: May 2024

Improving photosynthesis, the fundamental process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, is a key area of research with great potential for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity and addressing global food security challenges. This perspective delves into the latest advancements and approaches aimed at optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Our discussion encompasses the entire process, beginning with light harvesting and its regulation and progressing through the bottleneck of electron transfer. We then delve into the carbon reactions of photosynthesis, focusing on strategies targeting the enzymes of the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle. Additionally, we explore methods to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration near the Rubisco, the enzyme responsible for the first step of CBB cycle, drawing inspiration from various photosynthetic organisms, and conclude this section by examining ways to enhance CO2 delivery into leaves. Moving beyond individual processes, we discuss two approaches to identifying key targets for photosynthesis improvement: systems modeling and the study of natural variation. Finally, we revisit some of the strategies mentioned above to provide a holistic view of the improvements, analyzing their impact on nitrogen use efficiency and on canopy photosynthesis.
Variation in WIDTH OF LEAF AND GRAIN contributes to grain and leaf size by controlling LARGE2 stability in rice
Authors: Yue Zhichuang , Wang Zhipeng , Yao Yilong , Liang Yuanlin , Li Jiaying , Yin Kaili , Li Ruiying , Li Yibo , Ouyang Yidan , Xiong Lizhong , Hu Honghong
Published: May 2024

Grain and flag leaf size are two important agronomic traits that influence grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes that regulate these traits individually have been identified, however, few QTLs and genes that simultaneously control these two traits have been identified. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association analysis in rice and detected a major locus, WIDTH OF LEAF AND GRAIN (WLG), that was associated with both grain and flag leaf width. WLG encodes a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase. WLGhap.B, which possesses five single nucleotide polymophysim (SNP) variations compared to WLGhap.A, encodes a protein with enhanced ubiquitination activity that confers increased rice leaf width and grain size, whereas mutation of WLG leads to narrower leaves and smaller grains. Both WLGhap.A and WLGhap.B interact with LARGE2, a HETC-type E3 ligase, however, WLGhap.B exhibits stronger interaction with LARGE2, thus higher ubiquitination activity toward LARGE2 compared with WLGhap.A. Lysine1021 is crucial for the ubiquitination of LARGE2 by WLG. Loss-of-function of LARGE2 in wlg-1 phenocopies large2-c in grain and leaf width, suggesting that WLG acts upstream of LARGE2. These findings reveal the genetic and molecular mechanism by which the WLG–LARGE2 module mediates grain and leaf size in rice and suggest the potential of WLGhap.B in improving rice yield.
On the Coincidence between Campanato Functions and Lipschitz Functions: A New Approach via Elliptic PDES
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jinxia , Lin Qingze , Shen Tianjun , Zhang Chao
Published: May 2024

Let $({\mathcal{M}},d,\mu)$ be the metric measure space with a Dirichlet form $\mathscr{E}$. In this paper, we obtain that the Campanato function and the Lipschitz function do always coincide. Our approach is based on the harmonic extension technology, which extends a function u on ${\mathcal{M}}$ to its Poisson integral Ptu on ${\mathcal{M}}\times\mathbb{R}_+$. With this tool in hand, we can utilize the same Carleson measure condition of the Poisson integral to characterize its Campanato/Lipschitz trace, and hence, they are equivalent to each other. This equivalence was previously obtained by Macías–Segovia [Adv. Math., 1979]. However, we provide a new proof, via the boundary value problem for the elliptic equation. This result indicates the famous saying of Stein–Weiss at the beginning of Chapter II in their book [Princeton Mathematical Series, No. 32, 1971].
The Impact of Online Competition on Local Newspapers: Evidence from the Introduction of Craigslist
Authors: Djourelova Milena , Durante Ruben , Martin Gregory J
Published: May 2024

How does competition from online platforms affect the organization, performance, and editorial choices of newspapers? What are the implications of these changes for the information voters are exposed to and for their political choices? We study these questions using the staggered introduction of Craigslist (CL)—the world’s largest online platform for classified advertising—across U.S. counties between 1995 and 2009. This setting allows us to separate the effect of competition for classified advertising from other changes brought about by the Internet, and to compare newspapers that relied more or less heavily on classified ads ex ante. We find that, following the entry of CL, local newspapers reliant on classified ads experienced a significant decline in the number of management and newsroom staff, including in the number of editors covering politics. These organizational changes led to a reduction in news coverage of politics and resulted in a decline in newspaper readership, particularly among readers with high political interest. Finally, we document that reduced exposure to local political news was associated with an increase in partisan voting and increased entry and success of ideologically extreme candidates in congressional elections. Taken together, our findings shed light on the determinants of the decline of print media and on its broader implications for democratic politics.
Update of the World Health Organization’s Mental Health Gap Action Programme Guideline for Psychoses (Including Schizophrenia)
Authors: Lorenz Carolin , Bighelli Irene , Hanna Fahmy , Akhtar Aemal , Leucht Stefan
Published: May 2024

Background and Hypothesis

The World Health Organization’s (WHOs) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) aims to improve healthcare for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in nonspecialized settings, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). mhGAP includes guidelines for the treatment of psychoses (including schizophrenia), which were recently updated in 2023. The complexity of the WHO guideline update process and the updated recommendations on psychoses are presented.

Study Design

The WHO guideline development process is outlined as well as the evidence appraisal and the translation of the evidence into recommendations following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The guideline update process includes a review of the literature, a compilation of systematic reviews, and extracting data related to critical and important outcomes. The updated recommendations and the justifying evidence are discussed.

Study Results

The WHO mhGAP guidelines for psychoses are adapted to LMICs, and consist of 13 recommendations in 2023, whereof 5 were updated, and 1 recommendation was newly developed. Background information on how these recommendations were obtained, and significant changes since the previous guideline update in 2015 are provided.

Conclusions

Unlike other guidelines, the WHO must consider various countries, contextual factors, and the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines when developing its guidelines. A transformation of the WHO guideline for psychoses into a living guideline would ensure always up-to-date recommendations and facilitate shared decision-making.
Care seeking for childhood illnesses in rural Mtwara, south-east Tanzania: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mshamu Salum , Meta Judith , Sanga Casiana , Day Nicholas , Mukaka Mavuto , Adhikari Bipin , Deen Jacqueline , Knudsen Jakob , Pell Christopher , von Seidlein Lorenz
Published: May 2024

Background

Care seeking was assessed in preparation for a study of the health impact of novel design houses in rural Mtwara, Tanzania.

Methods

A total of 578 residents of 60 villages participated in this mixed-methods study from April to August 2020. Among them, 550 participated in a healthcare-seeking survey, 17 in in-depth interviews and 28 in key informant interviews.

Results

The decision to seek care was based on symptom severity (95.4% [370]). Caregivers first visited non-allopathic healthcare providers or were treated at home, which led to delays in seeking care at healthcare facilities. More than one-third (36.0% [140]) of respondents took >12 h seeking care at healthcare facilities. The majority (73.0% [282]) visited healthcare facilities, whereas around one-fifth (21.0% [80]) sought care at drug stores. Treatment costs deterred respondents from visiting healthcare facilities (61.4% [338]). Only 10 (3.6%) of the households surveyed reported that they were covered by health insurance.

Conclusions

Quality of care, related to institutional factors, impacts timely care seeking for childhood illnesses in Mtwara, Tanzania. Ensuring accessibility of facilities is therefore not sufficient.
Intracranial Neuromodulation for Neurologic Recovery
Authors: Madira Angela , Khan Muhib , Ali Rushna
Published: May 2024

Neurologic insults (traumatic brain injuries, strokes, and spinal cord injuries) profoundly influence motor, cognitive, and psychological functions. Current medical and surgical therapies are often insufficient to address the functional deficits from these injuries. Intracranial neuromodulation, specifically deep brain stimulation (DBS) and motor cortex stimulation (MCS), has been studied to improve these deficits. Preclinical results demonstrate that DBS and MCS effectively potentiate the sequalae of neurologic insult. Clinical evidence is limited, but existing reports and clinical trials show the promising therapeutic potential of intracranial neuromodulation. Further study of intracranial neuromodulation treatment is warranted, with greater attention to confounding variables and methodology.
Conversion of a Validated Melanoma Risk Stratification Tool Into a Tablet-Based Patient Questionnaire for Targeted Melanoma Screening in Primary Care Settings: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kim Dennis P. , Conomikes Alexa , Murad Fadi , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Faling David W. , Frangos Jason E. , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Ruiz Emily S.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Risk stratification can identify individuals in primary care settings who are at increased risk of developing melanoma.

OBJECTIVE

Converting and implementing a validated risk stratification tool as a patient self-administered tablet-based survey.

METHODS

Mackie risk stratification tool was transformed into a patient questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed in academic dermatologist practices by patients and dermatologists and revised to optimize sensitivity and specificity using physician assessment as gold standard. The optimized survey was administered before routine primary care visits during 2019 to 2021. High-risk patients were referred to dermatology. The number needed to screen (NNS), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value to identify a melanoma were calculated.

RESULTS

Of the 7,893 respondents, 5,842 (74%) and 2,051 (26%) patients were categorized as low-risk and high-risk population, respectively. The NNS to identify 1 melanoma was 64 in the high-risk population.

CONCLUSION

Incorporating self-administered patient-risk stratification tools in primary care settings can identify high-risk individuals for targeted melanoma screening. Further studies are needed to optimize specificity and sensitivity in more targeted populations.
Outcomes of Ticagrelor Versus High-dose Clopidogrel in CYP2C19 Intermediate Metabolizer Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Huang Hui-min , Ran Feng-ying , Chen Jun , Shen Yu-si , Liu Ning , Jiang Xue-qiang , Wang Yue
Published: May 2024

Guidelines on antiplatelet recommendation for CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer (IM) have not come to an agreement. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefit of ticagrelor when compared with high-dose clopidogrel in CYP2C19 IM after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. Patients were enrolled according to CYP2C19 genotype and individual antiplatelet therapy. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected through electronic medical record system. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE), namely a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, and stent thrombosis within 12 months. The secondary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium scale bleeding events within 12 months. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed, with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 532 CYP2C19 IM were enrolled in this retrospective single-center study. No statistically significant difference in incidence rate of MACCE was found between patients receiving ticagrelor versus clopidogrel (7.01 vs. 9.52 per 100 patient-years; IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.32–1.58; adjusted log-rank P = 0.396), but the incidence rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding events was statistically higher in the loss of function–ticagrelor group than in the loss of function–clopidogrel group (13.53 vs. 6.16 per 100 patient-years; IPTW-adjusted hazard ratio: 2.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–4.78; adjusted log-rank P = 0.027). Ticagrelor treatment in CYP2C19 IM resulted in a statistically higher risk of bleeding compared with high-dose clopidogrel, whereas a clear association between treatments and MACCE warrants further investigations.
Wound Fluid Extracellular Microvesicles: A Potential Innovative Biomarker for Wound Healing
Authors: Mari Walid , Younes Sara , Sheehan Erin , Oroszi Terry L , Cool David R , Suliman Rajab , Simman Richard
Published: May 2024

Background:

Extracellular vesicles, or microvesicles, are a large family of membrane-bound fluid-filled sacs that cells release into the extracellular environment. Extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) are essential for cell-to-cell communications that promote wound healing. We hypothesize a correlation between the concentration of EMVs in wound fluid and the percentage of wound healing in treated chronic, nonhealing, wounds. A prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate EMV concentration in relation to wound healing percentages.

Methods:

Wound fluid samples were obtained from 16 patients with stage IV trunk pressure ulcers. Patients were divided equally into two groups: (1) control group on negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone and (2) study group with NPWT plus porcine extracellular matrix dressing. NPWT was replaced two times a week, and porcine extracellular matrix applied once weekly for all subjects. An NPWT canister device, called a wound vacuum-assisted closure, containing wound fluid was collected from each patient every 4 weeks. EMVs were isolated and the concentration measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis.

Results:

The study group’s total healing percentage was around 89% after 12 weeks compared with the control group’s percentage of about 52% (P ≤ 0.05). Using R programming software, simple linear regression was carried out to investigate the hypothesis. Data demonstrated significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.70; P = 0.05) between EMV concentrations and the healing percentage.

Conclusions:

There is a positive correlation between EMV concentration and wound healing percentages. Results propose that the EMVs in wound fluid could serve as a biomarker for healing.
Epidermoid Cysts after Percutaneous Needle Fasciotomy for Dupuytren Contracture: Literature Review
Authors: Breidung David , Delavari Sarina , Megas Ioannis-Fivos , Billner Moritz , Reichert Bert
Published: May 2024

This case report presents a rare complication after percutaneous needle fasciotomy for Dupuytren contracture: the development of epidermoid cysts. A 60-year-old man who had previously undergone a needle fasciotomy required a subsequent limited fasciectomy due to disease progression. Unexpectedly, epidermoid cysts were discovered during the procedure. The successful removal of the cysts, together with the removal of the contracture cord, resulted in a good functional outcome. The conducted literature review identified four case reports of epidermoid or dermoid cysts after treatment for Dupuytren contracture. The reported cases in the literature and our case emphasize the need for adaptability in the management of Dupuytren contracture and the potential for unexpected complications. Further investigation is essential to understand the relationship between Dupuytren disease and cyst formation.
3D Lipogluing: Preliminary Results of a Novel Technique for Direct Three-dimensional Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Verga Maurizio , Kessels Raquel Leão , Bonasegale Anna , Del Re Luca , Fenaroli Privato , Carminati Marcello
Published: May 2024

Lipofilling has emerged as an effective technique in breast reconstruction for enhancing aesthetic outcomes and addressing residual deformities. Traditionally, fat grafting has been performed as a secondary step in implant-based breast reconstruction during the replacement of the expander with a breast implant or as a revisional procedure. Our study investigates the technical feasibility and presents preliminary results of a new promising technique for delivering fat grafting in a three-dimensional (3D) shape, directly during mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction or in delayed breast reconstructive procedures. Our new 3D lipogluing technique involves securing the fat tissue in a 3D manner using fibrin glue. This method enhances the coverage of soft tissues and provides improved volume and shape supplementation. In selected cases between December 2015 and September 2023, we treated 24 patients using the 3D lipogluing technique and five patients using 3D lipocubing (without use of fibrin glue).The patient cohort consisted of different indications for breast reconstructions: direct-to-implant, expander-based breast reconstruction, and “conservative” surgery. Preliminary findings suggest the technique is a safe and effective approach that can enhance the soft-tissue envelope of reconstructed breasts by acting as an autologous scaffold, owing to its regenerative properties. This technique not only improves the overall aesthetic outcome but also has the potential to reduce implant-related complications. Furthermore, ongoing studies are investigating methods to optimize the results and explore the potential application of 3D lipogluing and 3D lipocubing in breast-conserving oncoplastic surgery, cosmetic breast surgery, and other areas of plastic reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.
Protective role of 17β-estradiol in alcohol-associated liver fibrosis is mediated by suppression of integrin signaling
Authors: Nataraj Kruti , Schonfeld Michael , Rodriguez Adriana , Tikhanovich Irina
Published: May 2024

Background

Alcohol-associated liver disease is a complex disease regulated by genetic and environmental factors such as diet and sex. The combination of high-fat diet and alcohol consumption has synergistic effects on liver disease progression. Female sex hormones are known to protect females from liver disease induced by high-fat diet. In contrast, they promote alcohol-mediated liver injury. We aimed to define the role of female sex hormones on liver disease induced by a combination of high-fat diet and alcohol.

Methods:

Wild-type and protein arginine methyltransferase (Prmt)6 knockout female mice were subjected to gonadectomy (ovariectomy, OVX) or sham surgeries and then fed western diet and alcohol in the drinking water.

Results:

We found that female sex hormones protected mice from western diet/alcohol-induced weight gain, liver steatosis, injury, and fibrosis. Our data suggest that these changes are, in part, mediated by estrogen-mediated induction of arginine methyltransferase PRMT6. Liver proteome changes induced by OVX strongly correlated with changes induced by Prmt6 knockout. Using Prmt6 knockout mice, we confirmed that OVX-mediated weight gain, steatosis, and injury are PRMT6 dependent, while OVX-induced liver fibrosis is PRMT6 independent. Proteomic and gene expression analyses revealed that estrogen signaling suppressed the expression of several components of the integrin pathway, thus reducing integrin-mediated proinflammatory (Tnf, Il6) and profibrotic (Tgfb1, Col1a1) gene expression independent of PRMT6 levels. Integrin signaling inhibition using Arg-Gly-Asp peptides reduced proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression in mice, suggesting that integrin suppression by estrogen is protective against fibrosis development.

Conclusions:

Taken together, estrogen signaling protects mice from liver disease induced by a combination of alcohol and high-fat diet through upregulation of Prmt6 and suppression of integrin signaling.
Surgery Outcomes of Prolene Suture Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT): Up to 4 Years Follow-Up and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Chow Audrey , Chen Emily
Published: May 2024

Précis:

Long-term success was achievable after GATT. GATT performed at early stage of glaucoma had better surgery outcomes. Trabeculoplasty may compromise surgery success.

Purpose:

To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of prolene suture gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and identify factors that may affect surgical outcomes.

Patients and Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with prolene suture GATT performed by a single surgeon at 1 medical center.

Results:

Of the 145 eyes from 124 patients studied, intraocular pressure was reduced from 22.1±7.8 to 15.1±3.2 and 15.1±3.5 mm Hg, and the number of glaucoma medications was reduced from 3.2±1.1 to 1.3±1.4 and 1.4±1.5 at postoperative years 3 and 4, respectively. Ninety-three and 71 eyes completed a 3- and 4-year follow-up, with 44% of the eyes at year 4 remaining medication free. Compared with eyes with combined GATT/cataract extraction (CE), eyes with GATT alone had significantly more preoperative medications and a higher reoperation rate (31% vs. 16.5%). Eyes with prior trabeculoplasty had a higher reoperation rate (28.8%) than those without (16.1%). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that GATT/CE eyes without trabeculoplasty had a longer median time to failure (48 mo) than GATT/CE eyes with trabeculoplasty (18 mo), and GATT eyes with or without trabeculoplasty (9 and 12 mo, respectively).

Conclusion:

Prolene suture GATT successfully reduced IOP. Eyes with more preoperative medications responded less well to GATT. Prior laser trabeculoplasty was associated with poorer outcomes. Further study is needed to verify these findings.
Early outcomes of the Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: 140 cases from a single institute in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuan-Ting , Wu Tsung-Mu , Lin Ching-Wei , Ho Chung-Han , Huang Chien-Cheng , Chien Chi-Sheng
Published: May 2024

Background:

The clinical and radiologic outcomes of the Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty utilizing Microplasty® instrumentation have not been extensively investigated in Taiwanese patients. Despite the efficacy of this treatment for unicompartmental knee diseases, its specific impact on this population remains unknown.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data of patients who underwent OUKA with MP between 2018 and 2021, including demographic information, component position, preoperative and postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), numeric rating scale (NRS), and 2011 Knee Society Score–functional activity score (2011 KSS-FAS). We compared preoperative and postoperative data and analyzed the correlation between clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Results:

Among 140 patients with an average age of 66.8 years, predominantly female, the majority exhibited components that fell within the radiographically acceptable tolerance ranges. The mean 2.5-year follow-up revealed significant improvements in knee ROM from 102.6° ± 12.9° to 127.3° ± 9.8° (p < 0.05), pain reduction from 7.7 ± 0.8 to 0.4 ± 0.7 (p < 0.001), and KSS-FAS from 30.7 ± 10.5 to 94.3 ± 5.2 (p < 0.001). Notably, a tibial component medial overhang within tolerance predicted shorter hospital stays, and a higher preoperative KSS correlated with lower postoperative NRS. No independent variables were identified as predictors of a higher postoperative KSS.

Conclusion:

Our study on OUKA with MP in Taiwanese patients reveals promising early clinical and radiographic outcomes. Tibial component medial overhang <3 mm is associated with shorter hospital stays, and a higher preoperative KSS predicts lower NRS at 1 year postoperatively.
Uvaol alleviates oxidative stress induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Pan Xiaoqi , Tan Zhongjun , Meng Feijian , Zhang Ling , Chen Zhen , Mao Jiaren
Published: May 2024

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially life-threatening disorder with high morbidity. Uvaol is a natural pentacyclic triterpene possessing multiple pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, the role of uvaol in DVT is unclarified.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic DVT in vitro. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were utilized for measuring cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Levels of the cell injury marker, thrombosis-associated factors, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress-related markers were examined by commercial assay kits. Western blotting was used for evaluating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-associated proteins.

Uvaol treatment attenuated H2O2-induced HUVEC apoptosis and injury. Uvaol reduced the expression of pro-thrombotic factors and inflammatory cytokines and attenuated oxidative stress in H2O2-stimulated HUVECs. Uvaol inhibited MAPK signaling pathway in H2O2-stimulated HUVECs. Activating MAPK signaling reversed uvaol-mediated protective effects on H2O2-treated HUVECs.

Uvaol treatment alleviates H2O2-induced HUVEC injury, apoptosis, and oxidative stress by inactivating MAPK signaling.
Bleeding risk in hemophilia A and B carriers: comparison of factor levels determined using chronometric and chromogenic assays
Authors: Chiffré-Rakotoarivony Delphine , Diaz-Cau Isabelle , Ranc Alexandre , Champiat Marie-Agnès , Rousseau Florence , Gournay-Garcia Corinne , Théron Alexandre , Navarro Robert , Boulot Pierre , Aguilar-Martinez Patricia , Sauguet Pauline , Biron-Andréani Christine
Published: May 2024

Background

Predicting the bleeding risk in hemophilia A and B carriers (HAC, HBC) is challenging.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to describe the bleeding phenotype in HAC and HBC using the standardized Tosetto bleeding score (BS); to determine whether the BS correlates better with factor levels measured with a chromogenic assay than with factor levels measured with chronometric and thrombin generation assays; and to compare the results in HAC and HBC.

Methods

This ambispective, noninterventional study included obligate and sporadic HAC and HBC followed at a hemophilia treatment center between 1995 and 2019.

Results and conclusion

The median BS (3, range 0–21 vs. 3.5, range 0–15, P = ns, respectively) and the abnormal BS rate (35.6% vs. 38.2%, P = ns) were not significantly different in 104 HAC and 34 HBC (mean age: 38 years, 6–80 years). However, some differences were identified. The risk of factor deficiency was higher in HBC than HAC. Specifically, Factor VIII activity (FVIII):C/Factor IX activity (FIX):C level was low (<40 IU/dl) in 18.3% (chronometric assay) and 17.5% (chromogenic assay) of HAC and in 47% and 72.2% of HBC (P < 0.001). Moreover, the FIX:C level thresholds of 39.5 IU/dl (chronometric assay) and of 33.5 IU/dl (chromogenic assay) were associated with very good sensitivity (92% and 100%, respectively) and specificity (80% for both) for bleeding risk prediction in HBC. Conversely, no FVIII:C level threshold could be identified for HAC, probably due to FVIII:C level variations throughout life.
Concurrent congenital hemophilia B and acquired hemophilia A: a unique case report
Authors: Cirik Salih , Erkurt Mehmet Ali , Kuku İrfan , Kaya Emin , Berber İlhami , Hidayet Emine , Biçim Soykan , Kaya Ahmet , Arslan Süleyman , Günay Ayşe
Published: May 2024

Congenital hemophilia B is a rare X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by factor IX deficiency. Acquired hemophilia A is a rare, acquired bleeding disorder that presents with new-onset bleeding, especially in older adults, due to the development of auto-antibodies against factor VIII (FVIII). This case report presents the medical management of a patient with congenital hemophilia B and acquired hemophilia A. We highlight the limitations of maintaining factor levels with factor replacement therapy alone, particularly in hemophilia patients who have developed factor inhibitors. In addition, we draw attention to the need for dose escalation, the cost, and the need for immune-tolerance induction therapy. This case illustrates that when the current diagnosis does not explain the full clinical picture and laboratory data are inadequate, it is important to continue to seek alternative diagnoses and cost-effective treatment.
Relationship between uric acid to albumin ratio and saphenous vein graft disease in patients with coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Oksuz Fatih , Yarlioglues Mikail , Karacali Kadir , Erat Mehmet , Celik Ibrahim Etem , Duran Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Objective

Saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD) remains a challenging issue for patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is associated with poor outcomes and atherosclerosis is the major cause of SVGD. Uric acid to albumin ratio (UAR) is a new marker which associated with cardiovascular mortality. We aim to evaluate the relationship between the SVGD and UAR.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 237 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) for stable angina or positive stress test results >1 year after CABG. The patients were divided into two groups; SVGD (+) patients and SVGD (−) patients. The SVGD was defined as presence of at least 50% stenosis in at least 1 SVG.

Results

UAR were significantly higher in the SVGD (+) group (P < 0.001). Similarly, Hs-CRP, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in SVGD (+) group (P = 0.03, P = 0.027 P = 0.01, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, time interval after CABG [OR = 1.161, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.078–1.250; P < 0.001] and UAR (OR = 2.691, 95% CI 1.121–6.459; P < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of SVGD.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that UAR could be a simple and available marker to predict SVGD in patients with CABG who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma with bilateral teratoma: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Ao Xue , Hu Sha , Tan Shiqiao , Xiong Wei
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Trophoblastic neoplasms are often associated with pregnancy, and nongestational trophoblastic neoplasms are extremely rare. Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma (NGCO) is a highly aggressive germ cell-derived tumor frequently presenting with early hematogenous metastasis.

Patient concerns:

Herein, we report a case of a 28-year-old unmarried woman with regular menstruation who experienced vaginal bleeding 1 week after her last menstrual cycle. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral adnexal masses and elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as presenting an ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnosis:

The final pathology confirmed an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA NGCO with bilateral mature teratoma of the ovary. This is an extraordinary instance of ovarian choriocarcinoma which emerged without any prior gestation, and the patient’s lack of a history of pregnancy made the diagnosis ignored.

Interventions:

After initial surgery and 1 cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy, a laparoscopic fertility-preserving comprehensive staging surgery was performed. Two cycles of chemotherapy with BEP were administered as supplemental therapy postsurgery, and leuprorelin was administered to protect ovarian function.

Outcomes:

Menstruation resumed 4 months after chemotherapy completion, and tumor indicators were within the normal range. No signs of recurrence were observed at the 36-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

NGCO should be considered if a female patient exhibits irregular vaginal bleeding and masses in the adnexal area. The present case and our literature review also highlighted that fertility-sparing surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are effective methods for treating NGCO.
Comparison of laser versus cold knife visual internal urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral stricture (stricture length <2 cm): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen CaiXia , Qin Jiao , Wang ChongJian , Huang HaoTian , Li HongYuan , Wen Zhi , Liu Yang , Yang XueSong
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

There is still controversy regarding the safety and efficacy of cold knife visual internal urethrotomy and laser incisions for the treatment of urethral stricture. This study aims to compare the results of postoperative long-term and short-term maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax), surgical time, postoperative complications, and 1-year recurrence rates between the cold knife and laser surgery.

Methods:

We searched databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials.gov to identify relevant literature published in English up to September 2023. We used Stata to compare various parameters. This study is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023471634). Nine comparative experiments were conducted, involving a total of 659 participants.

Results:

The laser group showed significantly better results compared to the cold knife group in terms of postoperative 12-month maximum urinary flow rate (mean differences [MD] 2.131; 95% [1.015, 3.249], P < .0001), postoperative bleeding (RR 0.277, 95% [0.079, 0.977], P = .046), and 1-year recurrence rate (RR 0.667, 95% [0.456, 0.976], P = .037). However, there were no significant differences in postoperative 6-month and 3-month Qmax, surgical time, urethral leakage complications, overall complications, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores.

Conclusion:

The current study results suggest that laser urethral incision has greater advantages in the long-term (12 months), 1-year recurrence rate, and bleeding complications compared to cold knife urethral incision in the treatment of urethral stricture (<2 cm). Therefore, laser urethral incision may be a better choice for patients with urethral stricture.
Narrow interval dual phase 18F-FDG PET/CT: A practical approach for distinguishing tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis in brain metastasis
Authors: Aggarwal Aashri , Aggarwal Ashwin K. , Prakash Siddhant , Vile Douglas J. , Aggarwal Atul
Published: May 2024

Purpose of our research is to demonstrate efficacy of narrow interval dual phase [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging in distinguishing tumor recurrence (TR) from radiation necrosis (RN) in patients treated for brain metastases. 35 consecutive patients (22 female, 13 male) with various cancer subtypes, lesion size > 1.0 cm3, and suspected recurrence on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent narrow interval dual phase FDG-PET/CT (30 and 90 min after tracer injection). Clinical outcome was determined via sequential MRIs or pathology reports. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of lesion (L), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) was measured on early (1) and delayed (2) imaging. Analyzed variables include % change, late phase, and early phase for L uptake, L/GM uptake, and L/WM uptake. Statistical analysis (P < .01), receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) cutoff values were obtained. Change in L/GM ratio of > −2% was 95% sensitive, 91% specific, and 93% accurate (P < .001, AUC = 0.99) in distinguishing TR from RN. Change in SUVmax of lesion alone was the second-best indicator (P < .001, AUC = 0.94) with an ROC cutoff > 30.5% yielding 86% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 84% accuracy. Other variables (L alone or L/GM ratios in early or late phase, all L/WM ratios) were significantly less accurate. Utilizing narrow interval dual phase FDG-PET/CT in patients with brain metastasis treated with radiation therapy provides a practical approach to distinguish TR from RN. Narrow time interval allows for better patient comfort, greater efficiency of PET/CT scanner, and lower disruption of workflow.
The effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroid: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Xiang , Long Chao , Zhang Li-Feng , Lin Rong-Jun , Liu Xiao-Mei , Zhang Xu , Jiang Yan , Lin Hang
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study aims to evaluate the effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids.

Methods:

A total of 120 children with moderate bronchial asthma who visited the Asthma Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled in the study. They were divided randomly into 3 groups based on the type of follow-up given: a combined telephone and short-message service (Tel + SMS) group, a SMS group, and a control group. After being followed up for 12 weeks, each child’s asthma control level was assessed and their lung function was measured.

Results:

The compliance rates of children in the Tel + SMS group and SMS group were 86.49% and 56.25%, respectively. The total effective rates of these 2 groups (94.59% and 75.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than the rate of the control group (P < .01). The lung function indicators of the children in all 3 groups were better than those before treatment, although only the Tel + SMS group and SMS group improved significantly (P < .05). The lung function indicators of the large and small airways in the Tel + SMS group and the SMS group were also significantly better than those of the control group (P < .01). The results of the study suggest that 1 of the causes of poor compliance in asthmatic children is fear of an adverse reaction to inhaled corticosteroids.

Conclusion:

Telephone and short-message follow-ups can increase compliance with inhaled corticosteroid treatment and improve the asthma control levels and lung function of asthmatic children.