UKRAINIAN SIMMENTAL BEEF CATTlE BREED: CREATION IDEA AND ANALYSIS OF FORMATION
Authors: Dzhus P. P. , Dedova L. O. , Bondaruk G. M. , Chop N. V. , Marchenko N. I. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Selective work directed at increasing the stock of domestic Simmentals beef of production type began in 1990 year with the use in the mating campaign purebred German, Austrian and American bulls and their sperm production. To 2000 year on the basis of breeding enterprises freezed for storage and use more than million doses of semen of beef Simmentals from 116 sires.

Elaborated the target standards for animals of the desirable type of Ukrainian Simmental beef breed. However, with the reduction of state regulation of the breed structure in the cattle breeding of Ukraine, the process of breed testing slowed down. Thus, topicality acquire the researches features of the formation of the created Simmental beef breed for definition the prospects for its further development.

The purpose of this work was to analyze the dynamics of the number of the created Simmental beef breed of cattle during of 20 years and its modern state.

Research materials and methods. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the stock was carried out based on the data of a comprehensive individual rating of cattle beef breeds. The analysis of the use of bulls for the reproduction of breeding stock was carried out according to the Catalogs of bulls of beef breeds and types of breeding enterprises of Ukraine for the reproduction of breeding stock in 2002–2021 years. The materials were analyzed by the methods of variational statistics using the standard package of programs the Microsoft Excel.

Research results. In 01.01.2001 year the statuses of subjects breeding business in animal husbandry for the breeding the Simmental beef breed confirmed 7 farms in 5 regions of Ukraine. Since 2004 year rapidly increase the number of agricultural enterprises and, accordingly, the number of stock. The peak values of the number of farms were marked in 2007 and 2008 years.

The structure of enterprises as 1 of January 2007 year of the number of cows was following: 47% enterprises with the number of breeding stock more than 100 heads; 25% of enterprises – up to 50 heads; 19% – up to 100 heads and only 9% of enterprises with the number of cows more than 200 heads.

In accordance with the change number of breeding stock, also changed the load of bulls during natural mating.

Over the years, the maximum number of certified live sires reached 50 heads. Accordingly, the load on one sire per mating campaign fluctuated from 34 cows in 2017 year to 104 – in 2003 year. But practically, the loading pressure was smoothed partially due to artificial insemination and the use of live sires of other breeds, such us Limousin, Aberdeen Angus – for ease of calving.

Practical work directed at the breeding of the Ukrainian Simmental beef breed provided the constant functioning of breeding enterprises for the evaluation of bulls and the accumulation of sperm production from the best sires. The highest number of sperm production was marked from 2008 to 2011 years. Since 2012 year systematically decrease the number of genetic material and in 2015 year it was minimal.

According to the materials prepared for the approbation of the Simmental beef breed, the genealogical structure is represented by 6 lines: Abricot 58311, Achilles 369, Metz 529019743, Honig 005230191, Streiter 015920791 and Zabavny 1142 and 19 families. However, the low dynamics of the movement of genetic material due to the productive use of sires more than 6 years and the reduction of basic farms bring to the practical cessation of laying and formation of families and work with lines.

Since 2015 year breeding the Simmental beef breed engaged 4 enterprises with an average annual breeding stock of more than 100 cows.

The effectiveness of the activity of subjects breeding business in animal husbandry is determined by the parameters of production and economic activity, a constituent element of which are quantitative indicators of the realization of genetic resources. Analyzing the level of operations of purchase-sale of breeding animals of the Simmental beef breed for 20 years, marked an annual predominance volumes of realization over volumes of acquisition. Exception are the indicators of 2004 and 2006 years, in which the purchase of breeding young prevailed the level of sales.

Conclusions. Statistical analysis confirms the importance of state regulation on the development of specific breeds in agricultural enterprises. The working mechanism of state subsidies and the regulatory influence on the volume and direction of export-import operations ensured a progressive movement towards increasing the stock of the Simmental beef breed. The decrease in the influence of the state on the functioning of the internal market products of cattle breeding has led to a reduction farms breeding this breed and a general decrease in selection parameters among the available stock. Due to the absence of investment attractiveness to beef cattle breeding in general and to the Simmental breed in particular decreases the possibility of its approbation as a new selective achievement of Ukraine.