bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten year follow‐up of high‐risk patients treated during the early experience with transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Lauck Sandra , Polderman Jopie , Yu Maggie , Stephenson Anna , Sathananthan Gnalini , Moss Robert , Cheung Anson , Ye Jian , Blanke Philipp , Leipsic Jonathon , Wood David A. , Webb John G.
Published: July 2020

Background

The long‐term clinical performance of transcatheter heart valves (THV) is unknown.

Aims

This study assessed the clinical outcomes, rate of structural valve deterioration (SVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure in patients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to 10‐year follow‐up.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing TAVI for native aortic valve stenosis or failed aortic surgical bioprosthesis, between 2005 and 2009 at our institution were included. A total of 235 consecutive patients.

Results

At the time of TAVI mean age was 82.4 ± 7.9 years. All patients were judged to be high risk, with a STS score > 8 in 53.6%. THVs implanted were the Cribier‐Edwards (20.9%), Edwards SAPIEN (77.4%) or CoreValve (1.7%). Mortality at 1, 5, and 10‐year follow‐up was 23.4%, 63%, and 91.6%, respectively. Of the total cohort, 15 patients had structural valve deterioration/bioprosthetic valve failure, with a cumulative incidence at 10‐years of 6.5% (95% CI 3.3%, 9.6%). The rate of SVD/BVF at 4, 6, 8, and 10 years was 0.4%, 1.7%, 4.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. Nine patients had moderate SVD and six patients had severe SVD. Of the six patients with severe SVD, two patients had reintervention (one patient had redo TAVR, and the second had surgical aortic valve replacement). Survivors (n = 19) at 10‐year follow‐up, had a mean gradient of 14.0 ± 7.6 mmHg and aortic regurgitation ≥moderate in 5%. Quality of life measures in 10‐year survivors demonstrated ADLs 6/6 in 43.8%, and ambulation without a mobility aid of 62.5%.

Conclusion

Using early generation balloon expandable THVs in a high‐risk population, there was a low rate of structural valve deterioration and valve failure at 10‐year follow‐up. This study provides insights into the long‐term performance of transcatheter heart valves and patients self‐reported derived benefits.
0.03 V Electrolysis Voltage Driven Hydrazine Assisted Hydrogen Generation on NiCo phosphide Nanowires Supported NiCoHydroxide Nanosheets
Authors: Li Mujie , Zhang Zhongyi , Xiong Hailang , Wang Linan , Zhuang Shuxian , Argyle Morris D. , Tang Yang , Yang Xiaojin , Chen Yongmei , Wan Pingyu , Fan Maohong
Published: July 2020

In order to decrease the electricity consumption of hydrogen generation, hydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis is intensively investigated recently. Herein, hierarchical nanostructure of ultrathin NiCo(OH)x nanosheets (NSs) that in‐situ grown on the NiCoP nanowires (NWs) was deposited on nickel foam (NF) to construct NiCo(OH)x@NiCoP/NF electrode. NiCoP NWs extend the surface area, spatial utilization of NF and enhance the electron conduction to the outmost NiCo(OH)x NSs. NiCo(OH)x NSs interlace to form regular mesoporous channels, which improve the structural stability and mass transfer rate. Moreover, NiCoP NWs enhance the adsorption of protons and the transfer of electrons, while NiCo(OH)x NSs facilitate the adsorption of OHad during reaction. As a result, NiCo(OH)x@NiCoP/NF exhibits excellent activity for both hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Based on the NiCo(OH)x@NiCoP/NF||NiCo(OH)x@NiCoP/NF couples, electrolysis of hydrazine for hydrogen generation only requires an extremely low cell voltage of 0.03 V.
Lithium Difluorophosphate as an Effective Additive for Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of a Silicon Anode
Authors: Li Chao , Zhu Weicheng , Lao Banggui , Huang Xiangxuan , Yin Huibin , Yang Zhenyu , Wang Hongyu , Chen Deliang , Xu Yongjun
Published: July 2020

Silicon anodes usually endure low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) in applications for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), although the volume expansion and structural stability has been greatly improved under many efforts in the recent years. During the first charge and discharge, a large number of lithium ions can participate in the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on anode surface, such as LiF, Li2CO3 and many Li‐based compounds, resulting in low efficiency, particularly as the nano‐sized silicon is widely applied to solve the volume effect. Herein, we find that the lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2, LiDFP) additive shows some special properties, which greatly improve the reversible capacity in the first discharge. The silicon nanoparticles can deliver an ICE of 70.6 % with 2 wt% LiDFP in the electrolyte, which is increased by 17.7 % compared with the cell without LiDFP (ca. 52.9 %). By comparing the XPS and NMR results, it appears the LiDFP may reduce the number of lithium ions involved in the SEI reaction in the electrolyte during the first discharge, and thus the ICE can be improved.
Modification of Corroded Metal (Ni or Fe) Foam for High‐Performance Rechargeable Alkaline Ni/Fe Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaoqin , Xiao Dan
Published: July 2020

Aqueous rechargeable Ni/Fe batteries with low cost and high safety have attracted tremendous attention for large‐scale energy storage. However, their application is limited by the poor conductivity and cycle performance of electrode materials. Herein, one high‐performance Ni/Fe battery with binder‐free electrodes is successfully designed and fabricated. Both of cathode and anode are initially synthesized by in‐situ corrosion process. Then, the cathode is treated by electrochemical activation (NiO‐NiF2/NF). The smooth nanoparticles transform into porous nanospheres, increasing the electrochemical activity. The anode is decorated with carbon and Bi2S3 (C@Fe‐based/Bi/FF), which can enhance the conductivity and overcome hydrogen evolution reaction. The rate capacity and the cyclic stability are promoted evidently. We assemble the Ni/Fe battery based on C@Fe‐based/Bi/FF anode and NiO‐NiF2/NF cathode, exhibiting a high energy density of 75.72 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 136.30 mW cm−3, and two batteries in series also can lighten a red LED.
Nitrogen and Oxygen Co‐doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon: Electrode Materials for High‐Energy Density and Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Xuehua , Chen Qibin , Shen Enhui , Li Chenkai , Liu Honglai
Published: July 2020

Nitrogen and oxygen co‐doped hierarchically porous carbons (NO−HPCs) with robust tailored pore structures were fabricated through a soft chemistry synthetic strategy involving the use of F127 and the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction, referred to as NO−HPC−FH. The obtained carbon of NO−HPC−FH has rich nitrogen and oxygen contents, high surface area (up to 1715 m2/g), wider range pore‐size distribution, and high pore volume (up to 2.8 cm3/g). Herein, NO−HPC−FH exhibits a high specific capacitance of 382 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an excellent cycling stability after 15 000 cycles at 20 A/g (capacitance retention is nearly 100 %), in which the contribution of the pseudocapacitance to the total specific capacitance was found to reach about 78 %. In particular, an all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitor was fabricated, which also exhibited a high energy density of 33.4 Wh/kg at the power output of 879.9 W/kg, and a high cycling stability and flexibility. Therefore, this synthetic protocol using soft templates provides an alternative strategy to synthesize heteroatom‐doped HPCs based on “knitted” aromatic subunits and, thus, has promising potential for application in supercapacitive materials.
Silver(I) Coordination in Silver(I)‐Mediated Homo Base Pairs of 6‐Pyrazolylpurine in DNA Duplexes Involves the Watson–Crick Edge
Authors: Escher Daniela , Müller Jens
Published: July 2020

DNA duplexes comprising 6‐(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐9H‐purine (6PP), 1‐deaza‐6PP (1D6PP), 7‐deaza‐6PP (7D6PP) and 1,7‐dideaza‐6PP (1,7D6PP) 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides, respectively, were investigated towards their ability to form metal‐mediated base pairs in the presence of AgI. In 6PP and 7D6PP, the AgI ion can coordinate to the nucleobase via the endocyclic N1 nitrogen atom, that is, via the Watson–Crick edge. In contrast, this nitrogen atom is not available in 1D6PP and 1,7D6PP, so that in 1D6PP an AgI coordination is only possible via the Hoogsteen edge (N7). Reference duplexes with either adenine:adenine mispairs or canonical adenine:thymine base pairs were used to investigate the impact of the pyrazolyl moiety on the AgI‐binding properties. To determine the thermal and structural duplex stabilities in the absence or presence of AgI, all duplexes were examined by UV and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies. These investigations shed light on the question of whether N1‐ or N7‐coordination is preferred in purine‐based metal‐mediated base pairs.
Optical Spectroscopy and Excited‐State Dynamics of Eu3+‐Doped Bismuth Borate Glasses Containing CuO
Authors: Jiménez José A. , Darley Brien
Published: July 2020

Bismuth borate glasses containing phosphors and luminescent rare‐earths are of interest for applications in light‐emitting devices. Herein, the influence of CuO impurities on red‐emitting Eu3+‐doped bismuth borate glasses of the 25Bi2O3‐15BaO‐10Li2O‐50B2O3 type was investigated by various spectroscopic methods. The glasses were prepared by the melt‐quench technique and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, UV/Vis optical absorption (OA), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy including decay kinetics assessment. The XRD data confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses whereas FT‐IR spectra indicated the basic structural features of trigonal BO3 units and BO4 tetrahedra. The OA analysis showed that addition of CuO up to 0.5 mol% results in significant growth of the visible Cu2+ absorption band around 715 nm, with slight decrease in the optical band gap energies assessed through Tauc plots. A drastic PL quenching of Eu3+ ions emission was evidenced concurring with the detrimental effect of Cu2+. The assessment of the Eu3+ emission decay curves revealed significant lifetime decrease of the 5D0 emitting state with increasing CuO concentration. An analysis of quenching constants was finally performed comparing results from integrated PL data with the emission decay rates. It is argued that the bismuth borate glass system supports an effective Eu3+→Cu2+ energy transfer (more so than phosphates) in connection with a strong spectral overlap between Eu3+ emission and Cu2+ absorption.
The Threshold Photoelectron Spectrum of Fulvenone: A Reactive Ketene Derivative in Lignin Valorization
Authors: Hemberger Patrick , Pan Zeyou , Bodi Andras , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Ormond Thomas K. , Ellison G. Barney , Genossar Nadav , Baraban Joshua H.
Published: July 2020

Unveiling reaction mechanisms by isomer‐selective detection of reactive intermediates requires advanced spectroscopic knowledge. We study the photoionization of fulvenone (c‐C5H4=C=O), a reactive ketene species relevant in catalytic pyrolysis of lignin, which was generated by pyrolysis of 2‐methoxy acetophenone. The high‐resolution threshold photoelectron spectrum (TPES) with vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation revealed well‐resolved vibrational transitions, assigned to ring deformation modes of the cyclopentadiene moiety. The adiabatic ionization energy was determined to be 8.25±0.01 eV and is assigned to the
2A2←
1A1 transition. A broad and featureless band arising at 9 eV is associated with the
2B1←
1A1 excitation. A conical intersection is responsible for the ultrafast relaxation of the fulvenone cation from the
into the
state resulting in a featureless and lifetime broadened band. These insights will increase the detection capabilities for fulvenone and thereby help to elucidate reaction mechanisms in lignin catalytic pyrolysis.
Nanoscale Structure in Short‐Chain Ionic Liquids
Authors: Pontoni Diego , DiMichiel Marco , Deutsch Moshe
Published: July 2020

The temperature (T) and cationic chain length (n) evolution of the nanoscale structure of the sub‐layering‐threshold members of a model family of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is investigated by x‐ray scattering. The measured curves are computer‐resolved into individual Teubner‐Strey‐like lineshapes. The polar‐apolar layering is found to start at
. Opposite n‐trends are found at
for the spacings and correlation lengths associated with the diffraction patterns’ two main peaks, and assigned to a shift of balance between the two main interactions, Coulomb and van der Waals, and to increasing packing constraints due to the addition of methylenes. The spacings’ thermal expansion coefficients are found to deviate from the macroscopically‐measured values, and to anomalously decrease with increasing temperature. Finally, the reduced temperature scale,
, (
melting temperature), is demonstrated to render the observed trends significantly more systematic than those on a conventional T scale.
The Solvent Effect on Weak Interactions in Supramolecular Polymers: Differences between Small Molecular Probes and Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Satake Akiharu
Published: July 2020

In this minireview, weak interactions that occur in supramolecular polymers are discussed. Combination of weak and strong interactions plays an important role in the construction of supramolecular polymers. It is beneficial to separate the contributions of the weak interactions, as well as each solvent effect on the weak interactions. However, it is generally difficult to observe each solvent effect separately at work in each interaction. Small molecular probes are useful to estimate the contributions of the weak interaction. But, the results should be treated with caution when applied to supramolecular polymer systems. To overcome the problems, a new solvent parameter, solvation ability (SA), is introduced, which was determined on the balance point of extended and stacked forms of porphyrin‐based interconvertible supramolecular polymers.
Hybrid Sequences that Express both Aromatic Amide and α‐Peptidic Folding Features
Authors: Hu Xiaobo , Mandal Pradeep K. , Kauffmann Brice , Huc Ivan
Published: July 2020

Foldamers combining aliphatic and aromatic main‐chain units often produce atypical structures that cannot easily be accessed from purely aromatic or aliphatic sequences. We report solid‐state evidence that sequences comprising α‐amino acids and quinoline‐based monomers adopt conformations that combine the folding propensities of both components. Foldamers 2 and 3 having an XQQ repeat motif (X=α‐amino acid, Q=quinoline) were synthesized. Crystals of 2 (X=Phe, Q with an anionic side chain) obtained from water revealed an aromatic helix where amide groups belonging to the α‐amino acids created a hydrogen‐bond array typical of peptidic helices. Crystals of 3 (X=Ser, Q with a lipophilic side chain) obtained from organic solvents revealed a helix‐turn‐helix structure in which α‐amino acid side chains interfere with main‐chain hydrogen bonding. High sequence‐dependency of the conformation is typical of peptides but is shown here to include aromatic folding features.
Modeling and analysis method of fractional‐order buck–boost converter
Authors: Fang Shucheng , Wang Xiaogang
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the equivalent small parameter method (ESPM) is used to establish the nonlinear mathematical model of the fractional‐order buck–boost converter in continuous current mode (CCM), and the analytical expression of approximate steady‐state period of converter state variable is obtained by using equivalent small parameter method and combining with harmonic balance principle. The Matlab/Simulink is used to construct the fractional‐order capacitance and inductance and to build the circuit model as well as the simulation model of fractional‐order buck–boost converter. Moreover, the simulation results of Oustaloup circuit model and numerical simulation model are compared with those of ESPM model to verify the validity and accuracy of the ESPM. The model is simulated by changing the orders of the capacitor and inductor to obtain the influence rule of the order of fractional element on harmonic characteristics of the state variables.
Perigastric solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) diagnosed on fine needle aspiration: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ababneh Emad , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C.
Published: July 2020

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal tumor initially described in the pleura. When the tumor is located in the pleura and the classic histologic findings are present, the diagnosis of SFT can be straightforward. However, the cytologic diagnosis of perigastric SFT can be challenging due its rarity with only one cytology case report. Another confounding factor is its potential mimicry with other perigastric/gastric mesenchymal tumors. Herein, we report a case of perigastric SFT diagnosed on cytology in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains. The patient is a 79‐year‐old woman who presented with an enlarging perigastric mass on computerized tomography scan which was highly concerning for a saccular aneurysm. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed a 6.6 cm hypoechoic lesion abutting the stomach. An EUS‐guided fine needle aspiration was performed. The smears showed singly scattered to clusters of bland spindle cells with scant cytoplasm dispersed in a bloody background. The cell block showed similar spindle cells focally supported by a collagenized stroma. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the cell block showed the tumor cells were positive for CD34, BCL2, and STAT6 and negative for CD117, DOG1, CD31, ERG‐ENDO, AE1/AE3, S‐100, desmin, and synaptophysin, supporting the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor.
Axo‐glial interaction in the injured PNS
Authors: Stassart Ruth M. , Woodhoo Ashwin
Published: July 2020

Axons share a close relationship with Schwann cells, their glial partners in peripheral nerves. An intricate axo‐glia network of signals and bioactive molecules regulates the major aspects of nerve development and normal functioning of the peripheral nervous system. Disruptions to these complex axo‐glial interactions can have serious neurological consequences, as typically seen in injured nerves. Recent studies in inherited neuropathies have demonstrated that damage to one of the partners in this symbiotic unit ultimately leads to impairment of the other partner, emphasizing the bidirectional influence of axon to glia and glia to axon signaling in these diseases. After physical trauma to nerves, dramatic alterations in the architecture and signaling environment of peripheral nerves take place. Here, axons and Schwann cells respond adaptively to these perturbations and change the nature of their reciprocal interactions, thereby driving the remodeling and regeneration of peripheral nerves. In this review, we focus on the nature and importance of axon‐glia interactions in injured nerves, both for the reshaping and repair of nerves after trauma, and in driving pathology in inherited peripheral neuropathies.
Investigating cat predation as the cause of bat wing tears using forensic DNA analysis
Authors: Khayat Rana O. S. , Grant Robyn A. , Ryan Hazel , Melling Louise M. , Dougill Gary , Killick David R. , Shaw Kirsty J.
Published: July 2020

Cat predation upon bat species has been reported to have significant effects on bat populations in both rural and urban areas. The majority of research in this area has focussed on observational data from bat rehabilitators documenting injuries, and cat owners, when domestic cats present prey. However, this has the potential to underestimate the number of bats killed or injured by cats. Here, we use forensic DNA analysis techniques to analyze swabs taken from injured bats in the United Kingdom, mainly including Pipistrellus pipistrellus (40 out of 72 specimens). Using quantitative PCR, cat DNA was found in two‐thirds of samples submitted by bat rehabilitators. Of these samples, short tandem repeat analysis produced partial DNA profiles for approximately one‐third of samples, which could be used to link predation events to individual cats. The use of genetic analysis can complement observational data and potentially provide additional information to give a more accurate estimation of cat predation.
Relation between plasma ceramides and cardiovascular death in chronic heart failure: A subset analysis of the GISSI‐HF trial
Authors: Targher Giovanni , Lunardi Gianluigi , Mantovani Alessandro , Meessen Jennifer , Bonapace Stefano , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Nicolis Enrico , Novelli Deborah , Conti Antonio , Tavazzi Luigi , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Latini Roberto
Published: July 2020

Aims

Ceramides exert several biological activities that may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF). The association between plasma levels of distinct ceramides (that have been previously associated with increased cardiovascular risk) and cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic HF has received little attention.

Methods and results

In a post hoc ancillary analysis of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nella Insufficienza Cardiaca‐Heart Failure (GISSI‐HF; NCT00336336) trial, we randomly selected a sample of 200 ambulatory patients with chronic HF who died due to cardiovascular causes and 200 patients who were alive at the end of the trial (after a median follow‐up period of 3.9 years). We measured baseline plasma concentrations of six previously identified high‐risk ceramide species [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/22:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and their individual plasma ratios with Cer(d18:1/24:0)]. Patients who died due to cardiovascular causes had significantly (P < 0.05 or less) higher levels of plasma Cer(d18:1/16:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1), but lower levels of plasma Cer(d18:1/22:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:0) than had those who did not. All plasma ratios of each ceramide with Cer(d18:1/24:0) were significantly higher in patients who died due to cardiovascular causes. In Cox regression analyses, all five plasma ratios of each ceramide with Cer(d18:1/24:0) were significantly associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular mortality (with unadjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.23 to 1.59; P < 0.001 or less). These significant associations were attenuated after adjustment for multiple established risk factors, New York Heart Association functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, use of medications, plasma pentraxin‐3 levels, and, especially, plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels. When we applied a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (using a P‐threshold 0.05/5 ceramide ratios = 0.01), none of the five plasma ratios of each ceramide with Cer(d18:1/24:0) remained statistically associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality (with adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.10 to 1.23).

Conclusions

Higher levels of specific plasma ceramides [especially when used in ratios with Cer(d18:1/24:0)] are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in ambulatory patients with chronic HF. However, these associations are weakened after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, and plasma NT‐proBNP concentrations.
Stoichiometric and Structural Diversity of Silver Hydroxymethylacetylenide Coordination Polymers
Authors: Chupina Anastasiya V. , Korolkov Ilya , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: July 2020

Addition of in situ generated hydroxymethylacetylenide (terminal C‐deprotonated propargylic alcohol, prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ol, C3H3OH) to aqueous solutions of AgNO3 in 1:1 molar ratio results in the formation of two new coordination polymers, {AgNO3·2[Ag(C3H2OH)]·2/3H2O}∞ (1) and {AgNO3·3Ag(C3H2OH)}∞ (2). Storage of crystalline samples of 1 or 2 under mother liquor at 5 °C for two weeks results in a new crystalline phase, {AgNO3·2[Ag(C3H2OH)]·H2O}∞ (3). Another two weeks evolution yields {AgNO3·2Ag(C3H2OH)}∞ (4). This product can be prepared in high scale by changing the reagent ratio between the hydroxymethylacetylenide and AgNO3 to 0.5:1. All products are colorless crystalline materials, and their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. They are highly light sensitive, in particular, in the presence of trace amounts of impurities.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography‐based quali‐quantitative screening of aqueous phases from pyrolysis bio‐oils
Authors: Lazzari Eliane , Arena Katia , Caramão Elina B. , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi , Herrero Miguel
Published: July 2020

Pyrolysis processes are an alternative to minimize the environmental problem associated to agrifood industrial wastes. The main product resulting from these processes is a high‐value liquid product, called bio‐oil. Recently, the use of comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) has been demonstrated as a useful tool to improve the characterization of the water‐soluble phases of bio‐oils, considering their complexity and high water content. However, the precise composition of bio‐oils from different agrifood byproducts is still unknown. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative screening of eight aqueous phases from different biomasses, not yet reported in the literature, using LC × LC is presented. The two‐dimensional approach was based on the use of two reverse phase separations. An amide column in the first dimension together with a C18 column in the second dimension were employed. Thanks to the use of diode array and mass spectrometry detection, 28 compounds were identified and quantified in the aqueous phase samples with good figures of merit. Samples showed a distinct quali‐quantitative composition and a great predominance of compounds belonging to aldehydes, ketones and phenols, most of them with high polarity.
Preparation of hierarchical hollow structures assembled from porous NiCo2O4 nanosheets for diesel soot elimination
Authors: Yu Yifu , Ma Qinglang , Tan Chaoliang , Wang Huan , Hu Zhaoning , Zhang Qichun , Zhang Hua , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2020

Construction of catalysts with designed microstructures is critically important in heterogeneous catalysis. The soot catalytic oxidation was considered as one of the most efficient methods for the diesel soot elimination, but its development has been hindered by the lack of efficient catalysts. The hierarchically porous materials with well‐defined microstructures are expected to perform high‐catalytic activity for the large‐sized soot particulates elimination. Herein, we report a method to prepare a novel hierarchical hollow structure (HHS) assembled from porous NiCo2O4 NSs, referred to as NiCo2O4 HHS. The cation‐exchange reaction and Kirkendall effect induce the conversion from the Co‐Asp (Asp: aspartic acid) fibers to the Co,Ni‐Asp HHSs. The NiCo2O4 HHSs are prepared through annealing the Co,Ni‐Asp HHSs. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the unique NiCo2O4 HHS is used as a catalyst to eliminate the soot particulates and exhibits superior performance, which could be attributed to the improved soot‐catalyst contact, sufficient active sites and strong active oxygen species.

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Multi‐method assessment of palatable food exposure in women with and without eating disorders
Authors: Christensen Kara A. , French Melanie N. , Chen Eunice Y.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by dysregulated responses to palatable food. Using a multi‐method approach, this study examined responses to palatable food exposure and subsequent ad libitum eating in women with binge‐eating disorder (BED: n = 64), anorexia nervosa (AN: n = 16), and bulimia nervosa (BN: n = 35) and 26 healthy controls (HCs).

Method

Participants were exposed to palatable food followed by an ad libitum eating opportunity. Affective and psychophysiological responses were measured before and during the task.

Results

Participants with EDs reported greater negative affect, particularly fear, following the food cue exposure, whereas HCs reported no change. BN and BED groups reported greater urge to binge after the food cue exposure, whereas AN and HC groups reported no change.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia levels, skin conductance and tonic skin conductance levels increased during food exposure for all groups. Across baseline and during the food exposure, the BED group had lower respiratory sinus arrhythmia levels relative to the BN and HC groups. The BED group consumed significantly more palatable food than the AN group.

Conclusions

‘Palatable’ food stimuli elicited more negative affect, particularly fear, in individuals with EDs; and this, rather than psychophysiological responses, distinguishes individuals with EDs from those without.
Isoconversional nonisothermal kinetic analysis of municipal solid waste, refuse‐derived fuel, and coal
Authors: Azam Mudassar , Ashraf Asma , Jahromy Saman Setoodeh , Raza Waseem , Khalid Hassan , Raza Nadeem , Winter Franz
Published: July 2020

The thermal characteristics and kinetic behavior of various solid wastes, including refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) and municipal solid waste (MSW), were investigated as a potential renewable energy source, in comparison with low‐rank coal. The experimental data were obtained in nonisothermal conditions through TGA analysis at specific heating rates. In addition to thermal characteristics of solid fuels, four isoconversional (model‐free) kinetic methods: a: Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), b: Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), c: Friedman, and d: Vyazovkin were applied to calculate activation energies. In case of solid wastes, it is possible to say that the trend of activation energies of all isoconversional methods remains almost same in the selected region of conversion (0.1‐0.6 and 0.7‐0.9). Whereas in case of coal, Friedman model exhibits lower and inconsistent values of activation energy than others selected isoconversional methods. The experimental and modeling results revealed that that solid wastes (RDF and MSW) can be promising alternative energy sources to encounter energy crisis and uncontrolled waste disposal issues.
A new carbohydrate retaining variety of Miscanthus increases biogas methane yields compared to M x giganteus and narrows the yield advantage of maize
Authors: Kam Jason , Thomas David , Pierre Sandra , Ashman Chris , McCalmont Jon P. , Purdy Sarah J.
Published: July 2020

Anaerobic digestion (AD) currently relies heavily on crop feedstocks to maintain a constant output. A major annual crop used is Zea mays (maize), but this practice presents significant concerns because high energy inputs and food‐growing land are required for cultivation. The autumn harvest date of maize exposes soils over winter resulting in erosion and runoff into waterways. Miscanthus is physiologically and morphologically similar to maize. It is also of interest for biogas generation. As a perennial grass, Miscanthus requires far less input and can be grown on land that is unsuitable for food crops. It is typically harvested in late winter to early spring. Maize produces higher biogas yields than the most commonly grown commercial variety of Miscanthus (Mxg), because it has a higher nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration that facilitates the AD process. We aimed to investigate whether a new Miscanthus hybrid (“GNT‐14”) that was bred from a high carbohydrate accumulating parental type can improve biogas yield from Mxg. Comparisons were made on biogas yields at two time points, October and January; the NSC, cellulose, and lignin concentrations were quantified; and the contribution of the NSC to biogas yield was determined by comparing intact and washed samples. The NSC concentrations of GNT‐14 were fivefold higher than Mxg in January, and a 28% increase in methane was observed. While Mxg showed a reduction in methane yields (L/kg) from biomass harvested in January compared to October, GNT‐14 showed no such decline. Although the potential methane yields of GNT‐14 were only 70% that of maize, the energy input (GJ ha‐1) required for cultivation was 26% of maize. Our results demonstrated that GNT‐14 could be harvested later than maize for biogas generation, offering soil protection over winter. We encourage Miscanthus breeding efforts to focus on NSC concentration as well as yield.
Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines
Authors: Cao Hui , Chen Bing‐Huei , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen , Chen Lei , Alvarez‐Rivera Gerardo , Cifuentes Alejandro , Zhang Nana , Yang Deng‐Jye , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Wang Mingfu , Xiao Jianbo
Published: July 2020

Thermal processing is the most important and popular domestic cooking method. More than 30 heterocyclic aromatic amines have been identified in cooked meat using various methods. This review highlights preventive potential and mechanism of dietary polyphenols on the formation of heterocyclic amines. Tea, coffee, fruits, vegetable, and spice extracts rich in polyphenols exerted significant inhibition against the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. Some polyphenols, such as naringenin and epigallocatechin 3‐O‐gallate, can actively participate into food chemistry reaction to trap Strecker aldehyde and lower the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines. In addition, some polyphenols can lower the mutagenicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines. More specifically, polyphenols possessing two hydroxyl groups at the meta position of aromatic ring are the most efficient one, but the presence of carboxylic or alkyl groups as substituents in the aromatic ring slightly reduced the inhibitory effect.
The impact of managed entry agreements on pharmaceutical prices
Authors: Gamba Simona , Pertile Paolo , Vogler Sabine
Published: July 2020

Managed entry agreements (MEAs) have been used for several years, with the aim of curbing the growth of pharmaceutical expenditure and enhancing patient access to innovation. Yet, much remains to be understood about their economic implications. This paper studies the impact of MEAs on list prices, that is, prices before the deduction of any discount. Using a theoretical model, we show that, under most price setting regimes, the introduction of an MEA leads to a higher list price. This is confirmed by our empirical analysis of a sample of 156 medicines in six countries, providing a conservative estimate of the increase in price due to the MEA of 5.9%. A relevant policy implication is that payers may overestimate the financial gains that can be achieved through this  tool.
Assessing the impact of excluded attributes on choice in a discrete choice experiment using a follow‐up question
Authors: Mansfield Carol , Sutphin Jessie , Boeri Marco
Published: July 2020

Health researchers design discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to elicit preferences over attributes that define treatments. A DCE can accommodate a limited number of attributes selected by researchers based on numerous factors (e.g., respondent comprehension, cognitive burden, and sample size). For situations where researchers want information about the possible impact of an attribute excluded from the DCE, we propose a method to use a question after the DCE. This follow‐up question includes the attributes in the DCE with fixed levels and an additional attribute originally excluded from the DCE. The DCE data can be used to predict the probability that respondents would select one treatment profile over another without the additional attribute. Comparing the prediction to the percentage of the sample who selected each profile when it includes the additional attribute provides information on the potential impact of the additional attribute. We provide an example using data from a DCE on treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cost was excluded from the DCE, but the survey included a follow‐up question with two fixed treatment profiles, similar to two treatments currently on the market, and a cost for each. Preferences were sensitive to modest changes in cost, highlighting the importance of gathering this information.
Comparative assessment of the efficiency of various decellularization agents for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Emami Asrin , Talaei‐Khozani Tahereh , Vojdani Zahra , Zarei fard Nehleh
Published: July 2020

Bone regeneration can be possible through grafts or engineered bone replacement when bone defects are larger than the critical size. Decellularized bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is an alternative that is able to accelerate tissue regeneration, while decellularization protocols influence engineered bone quality. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of decellularized bone produced through different methods. Four decellularization methods were employed using (a) sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), (b) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.5%, (c) SDS 1% and (d) trypsin/EDTA. All samples were then washed in triton X‐100. DNA quantification, hematoxylin and eosin, and Hoechst staining showed that although DNA was depleted in all scaffolds, treatment with SLES led to a significantly lower DNA content. Glycosaminoglycan quantification, Raman confocal microscopy, alcian blue and PAS staining exhibited higher carbohydrate retention in the scaffolds treated with SLES and SDS 0.5%. Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy and trichrom Masson staining showed more collagen content in SLES and SDS‐treated scaffolds compared to trypsin/EDTA‐treated scaffolds. Therefore, although trypsin/EDTA could efficiently decellularize the scaffolds, it washed out the ECM contents. Also, both MTT and attachment tests showed a significantly higher cell viability in SLES‐treated scaffolds. Raman spectra revealed that while the first washing procedure did not remove SLES traces in the scaffolds, excessive washing reduced ECM contents. In conclusion, SLES and, to a lesser degree, SDS 0.5% protocols could efficiently preserve ultrastructure and ECM constituents of decellularized bone tissue and can thus be suggested as nontoxic and safe protocols for bone regeneration.
Substrate stiffness effects on SH‐SY5Y: The dichotomy of morphology and neuronal behavior
Authors: Ozgun Alp , Erkoc‐Biradlı Fatma Zehra , Bulut Osman , Garipcan Bora
Published: July 2020

Like many other cell types, neuroblastoma cells are also known to respond to mechanical cues in their microenvironment in vitro. They were shown to have mechanotransduction pathways, which result in enhanced neuronal morphology on stiff substrates. However, in previous studies, the differentiation process was monitored only by morphological parameters. Motivated by the lack of comprehensive studies that investigate the effects of mechanical cues on neuroblastoma differentiation, we used SH‐SY5Y cells differentiated on polyacrylamide (PA) gels as a model. Cells differentiated on the surface of PA hydrogels with three different elastic moduli (0.1, 1, and 50 kPa) were morphologically evaluated and their electrophysiological responsiveness was probed using calcium imaging. Immunodetection of neural marker TUJ1 and p‐FAK was used for biochemical characterization. Groups with defined stiffness that are matching and nonmatching to neural tissue extracellular matrix were used to distinguish biomimetic results from other effects. Results show that while cells display morphologies that do not resemble neurons on soft substrates, they are in fact electrophysiologically more responsive and abundant in neuronal marker TUJ1. Our findings suggest that while neuronal differentiation occurs more efficiently in microenvironments mechanically mimicking neural tissue, the SH‐SY5Y model demonstrates morphologies that conflict with neuronal behavior under these conditions. These results are expected to contribute considerable input to researchers that use SH‐SY5Y as a neuron model.
Nonenzymatic and Trophic Activities of Carboxypeptidase E Regulate Bone Mass and Bioenergetics of Skeletal Stem Cells in Mice
Authors: Chougule Amit , Kolli Vipula , Baroi Sudipta , Ebraheim Nabil , Czernik Piotr J , Loh Y Peng , Lecka‐Czernik Beata
Published: July 2020

Bone and energy metabolism are integrated by common regulatory mechanisms. Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), also known as obesity susceptibility protein or neurotrophic factor‐α1, is recognized for its function in processing prohormones, including proinsulin and pro‐opiomelanocortin polypeptide. Independent of its enzymatic activity, CPE may also act as a secreted factor with divergent roles in neuroprotection and cancer growth; however, its role in the regulation of bone mass and skeletal cell differentiation is unknown. Male mice with global deficiency in CPE are characterized with profound visceral obesity, low bone mass in both appendicular and axial skeleton, and high volume of marrow fat. Interestingly, although metabolic deficit of CPE KO mice develops early in life, bone deficit develops in older age, suggesting that CPE bone‐specific activities differ from its enzymatic activities. Indeed, mutated CPE knockin (mCPE KI) mice ectopically expressing CPE‐E342Q, a mutated protein lacking enzymatic activity, develop the same obese phenotype and accumulate the same volume of marrow fat as CPE KO mice, but their bone mass is normal. In addition, differentiation of marrow hematopoietic cells toward tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts is highly increased in CPE KO mice, but normal in mCPE KI mice. Moreover, in murine skeletal stem cells, nonenzymatic trophic CPE has activated ERK signaling, increased cell proliferation and increased mitochondrial activity. Treatment of preosteoblastic cells with intact or mutated recombinant CPE led to a transient accumulation of small lipid droplets, increased oxidative phosphorylation, and increased cellular dependence on fatty acids as fuel for energy production. In human marrow aspirates, CPE expression increases up to 30‐fold in osteogenic conditions. These findings suggest that nonenzymatic and trophic activities of CPE regulate bone mass, whereas marrow adiposity is controlled by CPE enzymatic activity. Thus, CPE can be positioned as a factor regulating simultaneously bone and energy metabolism through a combination of shared and distinct mechanisms. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Picolinic Acid, a Catabolite of Tryptophan, Has an Anabolic Effect on Bone In Vivo
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Vidal Christopher , Li Wei , Al Saedi Ahmed , Khalil Mamdouh , Lim Chai K , Myers Damian E , Guillemin Gilles J
Published: July 2020

Fractures attributable to osteoporosis have a severe impact on our older population. Reports of side effects with commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs have led to the investigation of new and safer treatments with novel mechanisms of action. Picolinic acid (PIC), a catabolite of tryptophan, induces in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Here we demonstrate that PIC has an anabolic effect on bone in vivo by increasing bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in normal and ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice. Activation of the osteogenic pathways triggered this osteoanabolic response without any cross-related effects on mineral absorption or calciotropic hormones. Because PIC was also well tolerated and absorbed with no side effects, it is an ideal potential candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nimbolide prevents myocardial damage by regulating cardiac biomarkers, antioxidant level, and apoptosis signaling against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Li Haining , Xia Bihua , Chen Wei , Zhang Yumeng , Gao Xia , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman A. , Zhao Yujie
Published: July 2020

The current work planned to assess the protecting properties of nimbolide against doxorubicin (DOX)‐treated myocardial damage. Myocardial damage was produced with 2.5 mg/kg of DOX given on alternative days (14 days). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels of a lipid peroxidative marker were elevated, whereas reduced body weight, heart weight, blood pressure indices and reduced levels of antioxidants like glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase were observed in the heart tissue of DOX‐treated animals. DOX‐treated animals showed augmented levels of cardiac markers likes monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, interferon‐gamma, aspartate transferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase‐muscle/brain, heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein, glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB, transforming growth factor‐β, brain natriuretic peptide, myoglobin, and cTnI in serum. Histopathological assessment confirmed the DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, DOX‐induced rats showed augmented inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor‐κB [NF‐kB], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], and interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]) and increased PI3K/Akt signaling proteins (PI3K, p‐Bad/Bad, caspase‐3, and p‐Akt), whereas decreased oxidative markers (HO‐1 and NQO‐1) and p‐PTEN were observed. Nimbolide‐supplemented rats showed reduced activity/levels of cardiac markers and TBARS levels in serum and heart tissue. Levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were augmented in the heart tissue of nimbolide‐supplemented rats. Nimbolide influence decreased apoptosis, inflammation, and enhanced antioxidant markers through the modulation of p‐Bad/Bad, caspase‐3, PI3K, p‐Akt, TNF‐α, NF‐kB, IL‐1β, HO‐1, NQO‐1, and p‐PTEN markers. The histopathological explanations were observed to be in line with biochemical analysis. Therefore, the finding of current work was that nimbolide has a defensive effect on the myocardium against DOX‐induced cardiac tissue damage.
Personality correlates of eating pathology severity and subtypes in The National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement
Authors: Legg Nicole K. , Turner Brianna J.
Published: July 2020

Objective

We examined how personality traits are associated with eating pathology (EP) across a range of severities and symptom subtypes.

Method

The National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N = 10,148) was used to compare personality across severities (i.e., clinical Eating Disorders [EDs], subclinical disordered eating, preclinical weight concerns, or no weight/EP [no W/EP]), subclinical subtypes (i.e., Binge Eating Only, Binge‐Purge, Binge‐Restrict, Restrict‐Purge, or no W/EP), and clinical subtypes (i.e., Anorexia Nervosa [AN]), Bulimia Nervosa [BN], Binge Eating Disorder [BED], internalizing disorders, or no ED or internalizing disorder) of EP.

Results

More severe EP was associated with more extreme personality trait endorsements. Impulsivity‐related traits did not consistently distinguish binge eating/purging from restricting subtypes, although behavioral disinhibition differentiated adolescents with BN or BED from AN.

Conclusion

Personality traits related to affectivity and impulsivity were more consistently associated with severity rather than subtype of EP.