bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Digital Manufacturing of Lithium Battery Pilot Production Line Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Xin Xu
Published: November 2021

In order to systematically study and verify the digital manufacturing archit ecture and its key technologies, to solve the problems that enterprises currently face in the process of transformation and upgrading of digital and network manufacturing, a lithium battery pilot production line was selected as the research object, using the virtual reality technology as the underlying foundation, integratedly tested and verified the technology contents of the production line including the virtual simulation technology, manufacturing execution construction, information acquisition, and equipment automated transformation required for the construction of a digital factory, tested and verified the inter-drive and mutual control of the pilot line digital twin with its physical entity. The results show that virtual reality technology can provide a virtual testing platform for digital manufacturing which improves the efficiency of automation transformation, digital production and network operation of the actual production lines. This can provide a useful reference for enterprises to achieve a higher degree of digital manufacturing and maintenance in the future.
Sequence learning-based schedule prediction for flexible manufacturing systems under uncertainties
Authors: Meilanitasari Prita , Shin Seung-Jun
Published: November 2021

This study presents a method of production schedule prediction for flexible manufacturing systems with consideration of the uncertainty factors including limited machine capacity, diverse processing time and unplanned waiting time. The proposed method can predict product-level schedules using sequence learning, which derives data-learned models to predict production sequence proactively and granularly at the product-level. A decision tree technique is applied to derive such predictive models to pre-trace the locations of individual products allocated to each workstation. A deterministic technique is also applied to estimate waiting and production time per product as well as total production time consumed to fabricate all products assigned by work orders.
Production and transport of H2
+ into the IMISC superconducting cyclotron
Authors: Farhoodi K. , Setayeshi S. , Feghhi S.A.
Published: November 2021

In the current study, the design of the ion beam required by the IMSIC, from the ion source to the beam transport line are reported. IMSIC is a four-spiral-sector cyclotron designed to accelerate protons in the form of H2
+ particles up to 250 MeV. The required H2
+ particles source was designed in the form of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) externally feeding the cyclotron through a Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line. For ECRIS, both plasma confining and extractor systems were modeled conceptually and optimized to produce the required particle beam. The extracted beam was coupled with the LEBT line. To model the LEBT line two set of forces were considered: (i) forces originating from the external fields and (ii) space-charge forces originating from the beam internal fields. The LEBT line was designed to separate the desired ions from the undesired contaminations as well as to modify the desired beam before feeding to the cyclotron.
Investigation of the effect of copper contact pin on efficiency in HPGe detectors using Monte Carlo method
Authors: Uyar E. , Aksoy G. , Ünlü H. , Bölükdemir M.H.
Published: November 2021

The full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) determined by
experimental or Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods is a very
important parameter in HPGe detectors. Since FEPE depends on the
detector's geometric parameters, the parameters provided by the
manufacturer are of great importance in modeling the detector with
the MC method. The most important reason for the discrepancy between
MC and experimental calculations is the lack of accurate information
about the detector's geometric properties. The thickness of the
copper contact pin in the middle of the detector hole is not given
by the manufacturer. In this study, the effect of copper contact pin
thickness on detector efficiency was investigated by using the PHITS
3.24 MC simulation program both at different copper contact pin
radii and at different detector-source distances. The efficiency
values were calculated for photons in the energy range of
59.5 keV-1408 keV, at 4 different distances, namely 5 cm,
13.25 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm and for the radii of copper contact
pins increased from 1 mm to 3.5 mm at 0.5 mm intervals. According
to the results, it has been determined that the presence of copper
contact pins causes a change in detector efficiency up to 1.9%,
especially in the high energy region, and has no effect on the
detector efficiency in the low energy region. In addition, it has
been observed that the effect of copper contact pin thickness on
detector efficiency is almost independent of the source-detector
distance.
An adaptive masking method for beam halo measurement by a digital micro mirror device
Authors: Lin Q. , Sun Z. , Corbett J.
Published: November 2021

In high intensity particle beams, irregularities in cathode
emission, scattering effects, dark current and space charge forces
can lead to a common phenomenon termed beam halo with associated
emittance growth, beam loss and overall beam quality degradation. It
is of fundamental interest and practical importance to precisely
monitor such beam halo, which could offer valuable insights into the
experimental strategy for the suppression of this undesired
feature [1]. A Digital Micro mirror Device (DMD) is a
computer-controlled micro-electrical-mechanical system that contains
a compact array of physically independent reflective mirrors. Using
a standard DMD, we come up with an adaptive masking method for halo
measurement, which demonstrates superior robustness and efficiency
comparing to the conventional approaches as confirmed by simulation
and experimental results. Our development includes an integrated
package of hardware, software and a graphic user interface (GUI)
that is robust and portable and can be applied as a beam halo
diagnostic for electron guns or radiating charged particle beams in
general.
A bio-inspired robotic climbing robot to understand kinematic and morphological determinants for an optimal climbing gait
Authors: Beck Hendrik K , Schultz Johanna T , Clemente Christofer J
Published: November 2021

Robotic systems for complex tasks, such as search and rescue or exploration, are limited for wheeled designs, thus the study of legged locomotion for robotic applications has become increasingly important. To successfully navigate in regions with rough terrain, a robot must not only be able to negotiate obstacles, but also climb steep inclines. Following the principles of biomimetics, we developed a modular bio-inspired climbing robot, named X4, which mimics the lizard’s bauplan including an actuated spine, shoulders, and feet which interlock with the surface via claws. We included the ability to modify gait and hardware parameters and simultaneously collect data with the robot’s sensors on climbed distance, slip occurrence and efficiency. We first explored the speed-stability trade-off and its interaction with limb swing phase dynamics, finding a sigmoidal pattern of limb movement resulted in the greatest distance travelled. By modifying foot orientation, we found two optima for both speed and stability, suggesting multiple stable configurations. We varied spine and limb range of motion, again showing two possible optimum configurations, and finally varied the centre of pro- and retraction on climbing performance, showing an advantage for protracted limbs during the stride. We then stacked optimal regions of performance and show that combining optimal dynamic patterns with either foot angles or ROM configurations have the greatest performance, but further optima stacking resulted in a decrease in performance, suggesting complex interactions between kinematic parameters. The search of optimal parameter configurations might not only be beneficial to improve robotic in-field operations but may also further the study of the locomotive evolution of climbing of animals, like lizards or insects.
Enhanced surface urban heat islands due to divergent urban-rural greening trends
Authors: Chen Chi , Li Dan , Keenan Trevor F
Published: November 2021

Satellite observations show that the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) has been increasing over the last two decades. This is often accompanied by an increased urban-rural contrast of vegetation greenness. However, the contribution of uneven vegetation trends in urban and rural areas to the trend of SUHII is unclear, due to the confounding effects of climate change and changes in man-made infrastructures and anthropogenic heat sources. Here we use a data-model fusion approach to quantify such contributions during the peak growing season. We show that the LAIdif (the urban-rural difference of leaf area index) is increasing (P< 0.05) in 189 of the selected 228 global megacities. The increasing trend of LAIdif from 2000 to 2019 accounts for about one quarter of the trend in satellite-derived SUHII, and the impact is particularly evident in places with rapid urbanization and rural cropland intensification. The marginal sensitivity of SUHII to LAIdif is the strongest in hot-humid megacities surrounded by croplands and in hot-dry megacities surrounded by mixed woody and herbaceous vegetation. Our study highlights the role of long-term vegetation trends in modulating the trends of urban-rural temperature differences.
Effects of composition and storage duration of mechanically deboned poultry meat on sensory properties of frankfurters
Authors: Alagic D , Dzevdetbegovic M , Operta S , Clanjak-Kudra E , Smajlovic M , Seric-Haracic S , Smajlovic A , Magoda A
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to study the influence of differences in the composition and storage length of mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) on the sensory properties of frankfurters. Three variants of frankfurters were produced from three respective alternatives of MDPM that differed solely in proportions of meat from broiler backs and necks. Similarly, a commercially available and freshly produced MDPM of unknown composition was used as the control. All the four variants of MDPM were stored at -18 °C for 1, 45 and 90 days. Sensory profiling of the frankfurters was performed by 8 panellists using a quantitative-descriptive analysis (QDA). Two-factorial ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) of the sensory evaluation results revealed significant (p < 0.05) effects of the storage time of the MDPM variants on sensory characteristics of the frankfurters, regardless of their composition.
The radioactivity parameters in the food chain - legislation, control and critical points
Authors: Andric Velibor , Gajic-Kvascev Maja
Published: November 2021

Radioactivity, whether natural or artificial, today constitutes a significant segment in the process of protecting human and animal health. Natural radioactivity is an integral part of our ecological system, so it has long been present in the food we eat. However, intensive industrial processes in some areas have disturbed the natural ecological balance and thus introduced into the environment natural radionuclides in quantities that can affect the quality of human life and the state of the environment. On the other hand, artificial radionuclides reach the environment only in the case of accident situations in nuclear facilities. In the nuclear era so far, two accidents, Chernobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011, affected the environment globally with the significant impact. Consequently, a system of monitoring radioactivity in the environment was introduced, which includes foodstuffs as well as animal feed. The paper describes the sources of radioactive contamination and the most critical raw materials and products in the human and animal food chain, as well as a critical review of current legislation.
Relationships between broiler final weights and histomorphometric parameters of certain segments of the intestine
Authors: Baltic Branislav M. , Lazic Ivana Brankovic , Mrdovic Boris , Djordjevic Vesna , Markovic Radmila , Mitrovic Radmila , Janjic Jelena
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to determine relationships between final mass of broilers and the histomorphological properties of individual segments of the gastrointestinal tract. This is confirmed by the obtained results, which indicate a strong and significant correlation between compared parameters. A strong significant (p<0.05) correlation (r=0.866) was found between the broiler final weight and the duodenal villus length, and between the broiler final weight and the caecal villus length (r=0.918). Correlation between the broiler final weight and the duodenal villus width (r=0.841), as well the caecal villi width (r=0.918) was strongly significant (p<0.05). Between the crypt depths in caecum correlation was medium and significant (r=0.701, p<0.05). It was determined that between the broiler final weights and the ratio of villus length and crypt depth there is a significant medium correlation (r = 0.736, p<0.05). A strong (r = 0.924) significant (p <0.05) correlation was found between the broiler final weight and the ratio of villus length and caecal crypt depth. Between final mass of broilers and other histomorphological properties of individual segments of intestine there was no significant correlation.
The effect of Spirulina inclusion in broiler feed on meat quality: recent trends in sustainable production
Authors: Boskovic Cabrol M , Glisic M , Almeida A M , M Z Baltic Ž. M. , Raymundo A , Lordelo M M
Published: November 2021

This review covers the current situation of the use of Spirulina in poultry diets and discusses its benefits and challenges with particular emphasis on the effect of Spirulina supplementation on production performances and meat quality. Feed enriched with Spirulina influences broilers’ health by improving their immune response and gut function and increasing PUFA and pigment content in the meat. However, despite numerous studies, the effect of Spirulina on broiler performance remains unclear.
Examination of the influence of conjugated linoleic acid in broiler nutrition on the economic efficiency of fattening
Authors: Brankovic Lazic I , Markovic R , Baltic B , Raseta M , Baltic T , Djordjevic V , Katanic N
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the use of CLA (2%), from days 1, 11 or 22 of fattening, on selected production results (broiler weight after each fattening phase including at the end of fattening, viability, average daily gain and feed conversion) on the efficiency of fattening during the whole fattening period (42 days). The obtained production results were used to calculate the European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and the European broiler index (EBI) values for each fattening phase as well as for the whole fattening. The results obtained indicate that, in the later stages of fattening, the use of CLA during the whole fattening period is economically more justified than the non-CLA diets used for control broilers. With the use of CLA throughout the whole fattening, the EPEF and EBI values are consistent with these values calculated for the Cobb 500 standard. In addition to economic justification, the use of CLA also has human nutritional significance, since the broiler meat is enriched with CLA and has a more favourable n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.
Textural properties of extruded snack products formulated with deboned poultry meat and brewer’s spent grain
Authors: Delic J , Ikonic P , Jokanovic M , Banjac V , Peulic T , Ikonic B , Vidosavljevic S , Stojkov V
Published: November 2021

The incorporation of protein- and fibre-rich ingredients into starch-based extruded snacks is of interest for obtaining healthy products. However, development of this type of product has been limited, since protein and dietary fibre have negative effect on textural properties of extruded snacks. In the present study, response surface methodology was used in order to evaluate the effect of different ratios of mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) and brewer’s spent grain (BSG), as well as screw speeds, on hardness, firmness and crispiness of the extrudates produced. Regression analysis showed that BSG and screw speed had significant effects on all textural parameters, while MDPM had a significant effect only on the crispiness of snack products.
Use of engineering tools in modelling first bite–case study with grilled pork meat
Authors: Djekic Rastko , Ilic Jovan , Tomasevic Igor , Djekic Ilija
Published: November 2021

This study provides an engineering approach in modelling the first bite. Based on the mechanical properties of grilled pork meat obtained by applying compression and Warner Bratzler tests and using the Finite element method, a 3D model of cubic pieces has been created. It was then used for simulating the first bite of pork meat grilled at two temperatures and three positions of the jaws. Stress distribution during impact of upper and lower jaw shows growth of internal stress in the direction of jaw movement, leading to crack development and breaking of meat.
The path from protein profiling to biomarkers: The potential of proteomics and data integration in beef quality research
Authors: Gagaoua Mohammed
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to provide an overview of the strategy of meat quality biomarkers identification from protein profiling to the establishment of putative protein biomarkers with a focus on beef tenderness and colour traits. Further, the current knowledge gained by data-integration, also known as integromics, of published meat proteomics studies during the last decade is briefly discussed in terms of the current list of protein candidate biomarkers revealed using different proteomics platforms and evaluated by proteomics-based approaches. The main biochemical pathways underlying the determination of tenderness and colour traits as important beef eating qualities revealed by bioinformatics analyses such as Gene Ontology annotations, pathway and process enrichments are further considered. This paper also addresses the potential of integromics and data-mining, in the era of big data and data analytics, to broaden our knowledge on the biochemical mechanisms underlying the conversion of muscle into meat and the consequences on beef sensory quality traits (tenderness and colour). Finally, the emerging interest of using such gathered and shortlisted protein biomarkers for first validation and then early post-mortem prediction of the potential quality of beef carcasses is highlighted.
Cellulose hydrocolloids in meat products: current status and challenges in developing functional food
Authors: Glisic Milica , Boskovic Cabrol Marija , Baltić Milan Z. , Maksimovic Zoran
Published: November 2021

Due to the growing health problems associated with the increased intake of saturated and trans fats, and the unbalanced n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet, in recent years numerous studies have focused on finding adequate substitutes for fat in meat products, while the meat industry made additional efforts to implement the obtained formulations (oleogels) in the standard production processes. Insoluble cellulose fibre in the form of microcrystalline cellulose has proven to be a promising ingredient in reduced fat, fibre-enriched functional food development, since it has been safely used as a food additive for many years with a known beneficial effect on human health. This review will discuss the recent advances of MCC application associated with alternative cellulose sources and processing technology, functional physico-chemical properties and potential as organogelator in fat mimetics. Finally, recently published data concerning its practical application in meat products as fat or starch substitutes will be presented.
Occurrence of Escherichia coli in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from farms in Boka Kotorska Bay, Southern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Grkovic N , Djuric S , Sindjic M , Velebit B , Suvajdzic B , Dimitrijevic M
Published: November 2021

This study reports the occurrence of Escherichia coli in 243 mussel samples collected along the Boka Kotorska Bay (six harvesting areas), which is located in the Southern Adriatic Sea. Bivalve molluscs can concentrate contaminants from their water environment, so because of that, determination of E. coli levels is an important parameter for microbial pollution assessment in the investigated areas. The number of E. coli ranged between <18 MPN/100 g to 16 x 103 MPN/100 g of mussel soft tissues. In 243 bivalve mollusc samples, analysed during the period 2018-2019, 68.3% of them had low contamination levels, i.e. ≤ 230 MPN E. coli/100 g; 31.3% had between 230 and 4600 MPN E. coli/100 g, and 0.4% had > 4600 MPN E. coli/100 g. Statistical analysis of the number of E. coli in mussels established that the mussel farm vl. Duško Vlahović (M5) had the highest mean E. coli levels (949.00 ± 2541 MPN E. coli/100 g), while the lowest mean level was recorded in Boka mussels (M1) (149.20 ± 258.80 MPN E. coli/100 g). Boka Kotorska bay is classified as a Class B mussel production area because it has 32.9% of samples with E. coli MPN values between the 20-230 MPN/100g.
Quality standardization and certification of traditional food products
Authors: Ikonic P , Peulic T , Delic J , Novakovic A , Dapcevic-Hadnadjev T , Skrobot D
Published: November 2021

The results presented in this study were obtained during the implementation of the Interreg-IPA CBC project Traditional and Standard Quality - TASQ (HUSRB/1602/41/0146). The main goal of this project was quality standardization and certification of traditional food products in order to expand their market presence within the Serbia and Hungary cross-border region, using innovative processing and marketing techniques. In order to achieve that, the TASQ quality assurance system was developed, and the common certification mark Q was registered by Intellectual Property Office (IPO) in both cooperating countries. Numerous traditional food products were collected and analysed for nutritional and sensory quality as well as for safety. In total, 158 products across nine groups of traditional foodstuffs (meat products, dairy products, honey, vegetable oils, processed fruits and vegetables, juices/beverages, pasta and baker’s wares, confectionery, spices and teas) were certified with gold, silver or green Q mark, representing the quality level. A new internet platform (www.tasq.rs) was developed with the purpose to help traditional food producers to promote and sell their products on a wider market. The assigned trademark is clearly indicated for each certified product within the producers’ profiles on TASQ internet platform, and represents a guarantee of product quality intended to raise customer confidence.
How do we eat meat–the role of structure, mechanics, oral processing, and sensory perception in designing meat analogs
Authors: Ilic J , Van Den Berg M , Oosterlinck F
Published: November 2021

This study provides an overview of over 50 publications exploring the consumers’ motives for choosing meat analogs over real meat, how they perceive them, and what can be learned from meat structure, mechanics, oral processing, and dynamic sensory analysis for meat analog design. Meat analogs’ sensory perception is their main lack, while ethics, health, and environmental statements might be used to boost their promotion. Methods for meat structure and mechanics’ analysis are well established and translated (to some degree) to meat analog’s quality analysis. However, limited information is present concerning meat and meat analogs’ oral processing and dynamic perception, which can be seen as a chance for future research and improvement.
Cleaning efficiency of feed production lines after production of feedstuffs with coccidiostats
Authors: Jankovic S , Radicevic T , Stefanovic S , Tankovic S , Djinovic-Stojanovic J , Spiric D , Nikolic D
Published: November 2021

Intensive broiler production implies regular use of coccidiostats approved as feed additives. However, due to their chemical properties, coccidiostats can stay behind in the production line, and consequently, unavoidable cross-contamination of non-medicated feedstuffs can result in the exposure of non-target animal species and in the potential for coccidiostat residues in foods, such as chicken meat and eggs, derived from these species. In this way, coccidiostats enter the human food chain and can pose a health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the success of line cleaning after the application of salinomycin and maduramicin in feed. We tested the cleaning matrix (wheat groats) in order to demonstrate how many cleaning replicates are needed to safely produce coccidiostat-free feedstuffs. After the application of salinomycin, it is recommended that, for safety reasons, the line be cleaned with at least five batches of wheat groats of 480 kg each. In the case of maduramicin, it is recommended the line be cleaned with a minimum of eight batches, considering the relatively low permissible level of maduramicin as a contaminant in medication-free feed.
Food allergens–food safety hazard
Authors: Jankovic V V , Velebit B M , Lakicevic B Z , Mitrovic R R , Milojevic L Z
Published: November 2021

Food allergy is a life-threatening chronic condition that substantially impairs quality of life. It constitutes a significant public health problem that affects children and adults and is a considerable burden on health, medical systems and emerging economies. Food allergy is defined as an adverse health effect arising from a specific immune-mediated response that occurs reproducibly on oral exposure to a given food and which can be mediated by food-specific IgE antibodies, by cellular mechanisms or by both. Appropriately managing food allergies has become an issue for the food industry because of the rising number of individuals with food allergies. Current initiatives to support consumers at risk include a recognised standard for manufacturers seeking to eliminate an allergen from their production, and the integration of food allergy into training for food business operators.
Food contact surfaces and food handler’s hygiene in one Serbian retail chain–estimation and trend
Authors: Jovanovic J , Nikolic A , Brankovic Lazic I , Mrdovic B , Raseta M , Lilic S , Geric T
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to investigate the efficiency of sanitary procedures (cleaning, washing, disinfection) applied on food contact surfaces and food handlers’ hands in one retail chain in Serbia. For that reason, a total of 364 swabs of food contact surfaces and 86 food handlers’ hand swabs were investigated for microbiological parameters of process hygiene. The results showed that 15.66% (57 of 365) swabs of food contact surfaces, and 5.81% (5 of 86) swabs from the food handlers’ hands, failed to meet the criteria laid down in the self-control plans of the food business operators. Therefore, continuous training of employees on the proper application of sanitation procedures is essential for efficient GHP and HACCP.
Review of testing for foreign horse and pig DNA in meats in Croatia
Authors: Kovacek Ivancica , Mlinar Zdenko , Bogdan Vesna
Published: November 2021

Several years after the food industry scandal when horsemeat was found in products sold in Europe as beef products in 2013, Croatia began testing food for the presence of foreign protein. For the time being, these tests are not part of routine monitoring, but the result of examining the situation on the market in the city of Zagreb. Namely, in recent years, central Croatia has been trying to establish itself as a tourist destination, and Zagreb hosted hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the world before the COVID-19 pandemic. The eating habits of the various groups that came to Zagreb were different, and the larger hotel chains recognized the seriousness of the services and sought help to ensure that the food offered was consistent with their declarations and would not conflict with religious requirements. One of these requirements was the testing for foreign proteins such as horse and pork in foods where they were not declared. Although horse and pork are safe for human consumption, they are not part of the eating habits in all countries. The Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute for Public Health introduced methods for detection of horse and pig DNA in food samples.
Stress survival islets contribute to clonal and serotype-specific differences in L. monocytogenes
Authors: Lakicevic B , De Biase D , Velebit B , Mitrovic R , Jankovic V , Milojevic L , Ruppitsch W
Published: November 2021

Listeria monocytogenes is an important opportunistic foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, an often fatal infection leading to meningitis, sepsis, or infection of the fetus and abortion in susceptible individuals. Diverse ready-to-eat food (RTE) like dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, and complex foods are often linked with listeriosis outbreaks. L. monocytogenes is capable of surviving in stressful environmental conditions and grow in refrigerated foods. Regarding stress-related genes, SSI-1 contributes to the survival of cells under suboptimal conditions, such as high salt content and acidic environment. At the same time, SSI-2 is responsible for persistence under alkaline and oxidative stresses.
Detection and quantification of hepatitis E virus genome in pig liver samples originating from Serbian retail establishments
Authors: Milojevic L , Velebit B , Dimitrijevic M , Djordjevic V , Jankovic V , Grkovic N , Nikolic A
Published: November 2021

Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease with a zoonotic nature, and domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoirs of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among animals. Pork liver is the target tissue of this virus. This study aimed to investigate the presence of HEV in commercial pig liver samples. Sixty samples were collected during one year from different retail outlets in Serbia. Furthermore, the collected samples were separated by four seasons, and every season included three months. The presence of HEV in the livers was examined by molecular analysis using RT-qPCR. The overall prevalence of the virus in analysed pig livers was 5%. HEV was detected in three livers, two in the first season and one in the second, while in the third and fourth season, no positive livers were detected. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the surveyed seasons. HEV was quantified in positive livers. Among positive livers, HEV concentrations ranged between 8×101 and 1.9×104 genome copies of the virus per gram. The presence of HEV in commercial pig livers indicates a potential risk for consumers. Appropriate heat treatment of meals during preparation is essential to eliminate the potential risk of developing the illness.
Chemical quality parameters (water, protein, fat, NaCl ash and nitrites) in fermented sausage with the addition of Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Mitrovic R R , Jankovic V V , Ciric J S , Djordjevic V Z , Lj Juric Z , Mitrovic-Stanivuk M R , Baltic B M
Published: November 2021

The connection between diet and health was known to the oldest civilizations. Meat processing has influenced the increase of meat consumption, protein utilization and its energy value. Fermented sausages which are prepared in a safe way are rich in animal proteins and are an important part of the diet. Meat and adipose tissue are the basic ingredients in the production of fermented sausages, along with spices and salts, and other additives depending on the specifics of the product. Ripening is a process that separates raw sausages from all other types of sausages, and the quality of raw materials and their treatment directly affects the quality of the finished product, because the process of fermented sausage production is dominated by biological and biochemical processes. Different types of foods can cause food-borne illnesses, one of which is zoonotic yersiniosis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. Due to the importance of Yersinia in meat, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommended that in addition to controlling the presence of Salmonella, it is mandatory to examine pork carcasses for the presence of Y. enterocolitica.
Biosensors for animal health and meat safety monitoring: farm-to-slaughterhouse continuum
Authors: Nastasijevic Ivan , Mitrovic Radmila , Jankovic Sasa
Published: November 2021

The meat supply chain needs to be managed for sufficient levels of consumer protection. Healthy animals are an essential precondition for a safe food supply, since zoonotic diseases, including meatborne pathogens, are a major threat to public health. Information about the livestock’s general health, animal welfare and prevalence of major meatborne hazards such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, STEC and Listeria monocytogenes is of utmost importance for effective biosecurity control on farm. Early detection of these hazards in faecal samples, monitoring blood levels of metabolites relevant for animal welfare (hormones) and animal health (acute phase proteins) can provide high-level control in the animal farming industry. Multiplex biosensors for pathogens and metabolites in the farm-to-slaughterhouse continuum constitute a practical and cost-efficient tool for early detection of signs related to meat safety. Point-of-care multiplex biosensors are an advantage versus commonly used methods ELISA and RT-PCR, since they provide possibilities for early detection and do not require expensive equipment, trained personnel or significant time for sample transfer and analyses. Biosensors can improve meat inspection and meat safety controls, and can serve as a primary tool for monitoring food safety parameters and contribute to the modernization of veterinary inspection and risk-based meat safety assurance system.
Categorization of animal feed according to microbiological quality - preferable improvement in the food chain
Authors: Nesic Ksenija , Mitrovic Radmila , Markovic Radmila
Published: November 2021

Given the fact that the law on animal feed in Serbia has long been expected and that the current Regulation on the quality of animal feed, which includes microbiological criteria, requires improvement over the years, it is time to choose the best new solutions. The recommendable change that would bring the categorization of animal feed according to more objective and comprehensive criteria is based on the use of the VDLUFA (Verbands Deutscher Landwirdschaftlicher Untersuchungs und Forschungsanstalten) method. In several European countries, it has become routine, due to the great interest of feed producers and animal breeders in good knowledge of microbiological quality of feed as a guarantee of a wholesome final product. It involves determination of the contents of moulds, yeasts and bacteria while taking into account their potential pathogenicity. Based on the number of microorganisms, divided into seven groups, feed and feedingstuffs are classified into four categories. Classes I to III can be placed on the market, while class IV is not suitable for animal nutrition. More precise, regular determination of microorganisms would also provide a better insight into other common feed-born problems, such as, for instance, the possibility of mycotoxin occurrence.
Health status and microbial quality of common carp reared in a pond fed with treated wastewater from a slaughterhouse
Authors: Pelic Milos , Novakov Nikolina , Djordjevic Vesna , Ljubojevic Pelic Dragana
Published: November 2021

Wastewater from slaughterhouses in many countries is still discharged into rivers, without having been adequately treated. Such wastewater contains plenty of organic matter which is an ideal source of nutrients for fish, but also for the development of microorganisms. Thus, usage of wastewater in aquaculture could become a health risk for humans, fish due to the introduction of microorganisms into the aquatic environment. In the available literature, there is insufficient data on health and meat safety regarding common carp reared in purified wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the health and meat safety of common carp cultivated in a fishpond supplemented with slaughterhouse wastewater that was subjected to tertiary treatment. The number of parasites was not significant and not a single parasitic disease was found in this study, but the number of parasite species detected was as expected and typical for carp production. No spring viraemia of carp or koi herpesvirus disease was found. The carp cultivated were in good health and completely safe for human consumption in terms of the presence of microbial contaminants. The safe use of wastewater for fish rearing should be encouraged, but proper treatment of wastewater must be applied before its use.
Trichinellosis among the human population in Vojvodina
Authors: Petrovic J M , Prodanov-Radulovic J Z , Medic S N
Published: November 2021

The origin of the parasites of Trichinella species goes back to very ancient times–as far as the Paleozoic era, and the organism has been present in the territory of today’s Europe for millions of years. The first epidemic in the region of Serbia was reported in Zemun in 1923. Trichinellosis is the most important parasitic food borne disease in our country. In Vojvodina alone, 58 epidemic outbreaks were reported in the period 2015-2019 with 853 affected patients. The average incidence was 3.5 diseased individuals per 100 000 population. High morbidity and hospitalization rates and the occurrence of lethal outcomes qualifies trichinellosis as belonging to the category of relatively severe human diseases in Serbia. However, there are promising data indicating that implementation of relevant control measures and improvement of the awareness of the population have led to a statistically significant decrease in the number of diseased persons with trichinellosis in both Vojvodina and the entire country.
Green Economy and Meat Processing–Future Prospects
Authors: Petrovic Z , Milicevic D , Vranic D , Rajic S , Simunovic S
Published: November 2021

This paper provides a brief overview of the possible strategies for reducing hydrocarbon emissions from the meat industry according to the Green Deal program of the EU in the next decades. An overview of emerging technologies (high-pressure processing (HPP), shock wave technology (SW), ohmic heating (OH) and pulsed electric field (PEF), cultured meat) that should reduce gas emissions is given, as well as methodologies that can be applied (labelling, sustainable cooking, product lifecycle management (PLM) and product data management (PDM) applications). Noticeably, most novel strategies draw the conclusion that we should go for lower consumption of meat, especially beef, and change habits to eat and prepare foods in energy and environmentally friendly ways, as well as apply the so-called “green” food declaration in the future. Transforming into a climate-friendly economy, protecting biodiversity, and reorienting the agri-food industry growth can contribute to creating greater resilience of society.
Determination of patulin in apple juice by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Radicevic T , Jankovic S , Simunovic S , Stefanovic S , Petrovic Z , Jelusic V
Published: November 2021

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi, (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Byssochlamys). The main sources of patulin intake in human diet are apples, apple juice and apple nectar, and for this reason, apple based foods are monitored for the presence of this mycotoxin. Commission Regulation EC No 1881/2006 lays down maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 50 µg/kg in apple juice and cider, 25 µg/kg in solid apple products, and 10 µg/kg in products for infants and young children. In Serbia, maximum permitted amounts of patulin in fruit juices, reconstituted concentrated fruit juices and fruit nectars, as well as in solid apple products, including apple compote and apple puree, intended for direct human consumption are prescribed in the Regulation on maximum concentrations of certain contaminants in foodstuffs. This paper presents the LC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of patulin in apple juice. Criteria for method validation were taken from Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Linearity was confirmed in the concentration ranges of 0-100 µg/kg, with the limit of detection (LoD) of 9.85 µg/kg. The performance of the method was successfully verified by participating in a proficiency study.
Intensive genetic selection and meat quality concerns in the modern broiler industry
Authors: Rajcic A , Baltic M Z , Brankovic Lazic I , Starcevic M , Baltic B M , Vucicevic I , Nesic S
Published: November 2021

The genetic selection toward bigger broilers provoked the development of muscular myopathies and abnormalities. Since the affected meat is downgraded and often inadequate for further processing, economic losses to the broiler industry are inevitable. In addition, not only the nutritional value of the meat has been decreased, but also sensory properties and technological traits seem to concern consumers more. This can have a very negative attitude toward poultry meat as consumers connect these traits with poor animal welfare. To avoid these problems in the future, new studies must be focused on identifying markers in live birds for newly developed myopathies. Also, better strategies for determining genetic factors, nutritional and slaughter conditions, and hence meat quality, are a complex concept, and all factors together have an impact on parameters of meat quality.
Optimization of pasteurization of meat products using pasteurization values (p-values)
Authors: Raseta M , Jovanovic J , Becskei Z , Brankovic Lazic I , Mrdovic B , Djordjevic V
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of shortening the effective heat treatment time by 15 minutes for finely and coarsely chopped sausages and canned meat in pieces packed in polyamide casings with diameters of 75 and 90 mm. Product safety was ensured in accordance with legislation and with the producer food safety system. Optimization led to a decrease in p-values for finely chopped sausages (diameter 90: 148.8 → 97.64 minutes; diameter 75: 111.2 → 58.4 min), coarsely chopped cooked sausages (diameter 90: 115.5 → 79.1 min; diameter 75: 245.3 → 106.6 min) and for canned meat in pieces (diameter 90: 249.7 → 95.91; diameter 75: 213.9 → 48.42 min). The use of p-value in optimization confirms the pasteurization level and ensures the safety of the product in the defined storage conditions. It is also possible to compare the levels of heat treatment for different products that are differently packaged.
Amino acids in animal feed: significance and determination techniques
Authors: Sefer M , Petronijevic R B , Trbovic D , Ciric J , Baltic T , Parunovic N , Djordjevic V
Published: November 2021

Amino acids are fundamental for animal nutrition. Their presence is necessary to maintain the normal structure and function of the intestine, and they are key in regulating metabolic pathways for improving health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction. The animal feed industry invests great resources and efforts to obtain optimal formulations in which the composition of amino acids plays a key role. In support of these aspirations in recent decades, much attention has been paid to the development and improvement of analytical techniques for the reliable, rapid and accurate determination of amino acid content in animal feed. This paper outlines different methodologies for the analysis of amino acid content in animal feed. Various methods, based on different analytical techniques, are presented for determination of amino acids in feed for nutritional and regulatory purposes.
Potential utilization of emulsion gels and multiple emulsions as delivery systems to produce healthier meat products
Authors: Serdaroğlu M
Published: November 2021

In recent years the increase in consumers’ demands for healthy food have accelerated the studies searching for innovative approaches in meat product formulations. Developing a healthier lipid profile and reducing fat are the most important goals in the meat industry. One of the main problems of animal fat replacement with plant oils is maintaining the technological and sensory properties of the products. Pre-emulsions provide a great opportunity to carry the healthier plant oils to meat systems for increasing mono and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, since adding liquid plant oils directly to product formulation can have technological and sensory problems. Using emulsion gels and multiple emulsions prepared with polyunsaturated oils could be a good option to achieve healthier meat products. This review addresses the emulsion gel and multiple emulsion properties and their use in meat products as fat replacers.
Uncertainty of measurement and conformity assessment
Authors: Stajkovic Silvana , Vasilev Dragan , Dimitrijevic Mirjana , Karabasil Nedjeljko
Published: November 2021

Knowledge of the measurement uncertainty of test results is fundamentally important for laboratories, their customers and all parties using and interpreting these results. In conformity assessment, a measurement result is used to decide if an item of interest conforms to a specified requirement. Because of measurement uncertainty, there is always the risk of incorrectly deciding whether or not an item conforms to a specified requirement based on the measured value of a property of the item. Conformity assessment can be quite challenging when the entity measured is so close to the tolerance limits of the specification that its uncertainty, however estimated, critically affects decision-making. In such cases, different decision rules can be used to make statements of conformity. The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of methods for the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in testing, as well as to stress the need for appropriate estimation of measurement uncertainty. This paper also aims to assist testing laboratories in understanding the different decision rules used in conformity assessment and level of risk (such as false accept and false reject) associated with the decision rule employed.
Extraction procedure optimization of the method for detecting ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in sesame seed
Authors: Stefanovic S , Katanic N , Jankovic S
Published: November 2021

This study describes modifications of the extraction procedure within the European Union Reference method for determination of ethylene oxide and 2-chloroethanol in sesame seed. The method suggests utilisation of uniform stainless steel balls in order to facilitate extraction in small seed samples. Experiment was conducted with combination of balls of different sizes and the extraction efficacy was assessed by measurement of 2-chloroethanol in sesame seed samples from the local market. Increased efficacy of 18.3% for ethylene oxide and 16.2% for 2-chloroethanolwas observed when the combination of two diameters of balls was used compared to samples extracted by the guidelines in original method and alternative approach with uniform balls of the lower diameter..
Strategy for the study of the proteome in animal muscle tissue
Authors: Vostrikova N L , Chernukha I M , Khvostov D V , Zherdev A V
Published: November 2021

The existing approaches to the methodology of using proteomic and mass-selective methods for the analysis of the component composition of meat product proteins are systematized, formalized and modified. The scientific and practical foundations of a systemic proteomic strategy for identifying the protein composition of meat raw materials and the authenticity of meat products have been developed. A scheme for constructing proteomic maps and spectra of identified proteins and peptides of meat and meat products using bioinformatic data processing has been developed, and a scheme for choosing a research methodology as a tool for identifying and confirming the composition of meat products has been formed.