bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All colours of the rainbow, including black and gold: making and selling bicycles in Ireland in the 1880s and 1890s
Authors: Griffin Brian
Published: February 2017

In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, cycling in Ireland progressed from being a relatively exclusive pursuit, confined mainly to young, middleclass men, to a popular sport and pastime which appealed alike to young, middleaged and elderly members of the middle class, including large numbers of women. At the beginning of the 1880s, most Irish cyclists were young men who rode the high-wheeled ‘Ordinary’ or ‘Penny-farthing’ machine. The introduction of the more cumbersome, but easily mountable, tricycle meant that in the early to mid-1880s cycling became accessible to older or more timid men than those who braved the Ordinary machine, and many women also took to the roads on the tricycle. The pastime also received a boost later in the decade, with the invention of the chain-driven ‘safety’ bicycle in the mid-1880s. The safety bicycle did not render the Ordinary obsolete until after the development of the pneumatic tyre, by John Boyd Dunlop, in 1888. Once it became apparent in a number of cycling races in Ireland and England in 1889 and 1890 that the chain-driven and pneumatic-tyred safety bicycle was both quicker and easier to ride than the Ordinary bicycle, the latter's days were numbered. From 1890 onwards, bicycle dealers in both countries were inundated with requests for pneumatic-tyred safety bicycles, and in the course of the 1890s cycling was transformed into a popular, albeit still mainly middle-class activity, that appealed to both sexes.
The transplanters' certificates and the historiography of Cromwellian Ireland
Authors: Cunningham John
Published: February 2017

The Cromwellian settlement of Ireland involved a substantial transfer of property from Catholics to Protestants, and the transplantation of dispossessed Catholic landowners to the western province of Connacht. The latter scheme proved controversial, receiving considerable attention from contemporary Protestant authors, and outright condemnation from all Catholics. Nonetheless, it was little commented upon by historians over the following two centuries.
‘To die with honour or gain the day’: Dan Donnelly as an Irish sporting hero
Authors: Garnham Neal
Published: February 2017

At the 2002 Hay Literary Festival, Sir Michael Holroyd, the prolific biographer, delivered a lecture outlining the development of British biographical writing, and indicating what he thought might be the key developments in the future of the genre. Quoting Keats, he condemned ‘irritable reaching after fact and reason’, and called for a greater acknowledgement and utilisation of the fictional in the enhancing of our understanding of individuals. Such a readiness to shun or qualify empirical evidence when attempting to interpret and understand the past would be an anathema to most historians.
Power, politics and poor relief during the Irish Land War, 1879–82
Authors: Lucey Donnacha Seán
Published: February 2017

Between 1879 and 1882, large amounts of relief were dispensed in Ireland by a range of state, private, clerical and political organisations and agencies. According to Cormac Ó Gráda, £800,000 in private charity and up to £2.4 million in government aid was expended in an attempt to alleviate the extreme distress of the period. That expenditure was greater than the £1.2 million in rent reductions secured by the 275,525 tenants who entered the courts of the Land Commission in 1881, factors that are seen as central to the deflation of the Land War. In the historiography of the period, the distribution of this relief is usually only mentioned in passing: R. V. Comerford and R. F. Foster have outlined the high politics of private charities such as the Duchess of Marlborough and Mansion House Funds. The administration of relief at local level has also received limited attention, and much of this scholarship concentrates on structural causes of poverty and the effectiveness of various measures adopted.
The corruption of the law and popular violence: the crisis of order in Dublin, 1729
Authors: Watt Timothy D.
Published: February 2017

Even though violent popular protest was a common feature of life in early eighteenth-century Dublin, the riots that broke out in 1729 were exceptionally severe and long-lasting and resulted in the worst disorder to occur in the capital in decades. Over a ten-month period rival gangs rioted against each other or against government forces, causing a considerable degree of destruction, injury and death. At the height of the disorder, in late spring and summer, ‘vast numbers’ of people were reportedly beaten and abused by rioters, and residents of the city became fearful for their personal safety. According to the Dublin Intelligence citizens moved ‘mostly in a kind of hurry’ on account of the riots; parts of the city became no-go areas, and gangs of ‘reprobates’ gathered on the outskirts of the city to rob travellers and rape women. The political elite voiced their concerns too, in particular at the length of time the disorder was lasting. The archbishop of Armagh, Hugh Boulter, wrote to the secretary of state, the duke of Newcastle, from Dublin in March 1730 complaining that they had ‘suffered very much from riots and tumults in this town last summer and even during the present sitting of the parliament’.
William Thompson, bankruptcy and the west Cork estate, 1808–34
Authors: Lane Fintan
Published: February 2017

Historians of socialist thought have rated the Irish political philosopher and radical economist William Thompson (1778–1833) as the most influential theorist to emerge from the Owenite movement in early nineteenth-century Britain. Indeed, Gregory Claeys has judged him to be that movement's ‘most analytical and original thinker ... and a writer whose subsequent influence upon the history of socialist economic thought has been long established’. Furthermore, stressing Thompson's democratic values, Claeys insists that the Irishman ‘may rightfully be considered the founder of a more traditionally republican form of British democratic socialism’. While Robert Owen is remembered for his ambitious co-operative experiments, he was not a theoretical or deeply reflective writer and his intellectual legacy was minimal. The Corkborn Thompson, on the other hand, wrote assiduously on the theory and practice of early socialism, reputedly influenced Karl Marx and became a key figure in the history of feminism; nonetheless, our knowledge of this important Irish intellectual remains deficient.
‘The right flower to stick to’: the Unionist Party's questionable choice
in 1959
Authors: Smyth Peter
Published: February 2017

In 1959 the Ulster Unionist Party (U.U.P.) abandoned the idea that relations between the government in Belfast and the two main parties in Westminster should be maintained with a semblance of impartiality. Hitherto, although the Unionist M.P.s at Westminster had taken the Conservative whip, overt criticism of Labour had remained comparatively muted, if only to ensure that those with socialist sympathies would remain under the Unionist umbrella rather than defect to the Northern Ireland Labour Party (N.I.L.P.). In the run-up to the 1959 Westminster general election, however, the U.U.P. not only made offers of unconditional support to the Conservatives, but accompanied them with disparagement of Labour policies and objectives. The logic of that choice was not only contrary to the experience of inter-governmental relations with London since 1945, it also carried a high risk at a time when key areas of the Northern Ireland economy were becoming dependent on support from the British government, and a Conservative victory in the election was by no means certain. It therefore raised the inter-related questions of whether relations with the Labour party had been so toxic, and whether the attitude of the Conservatives, who had been in government in Westminster for most of the decade, had been so benevolent as to justify abandoning the approach which formerly had prevailed. Support for the Conservatives was the U.U.P. default setting, but unless carefully managed, that support carried with it the danger of alienating the Labour party which, given the rotation of power at Westminster, was bound someday to form the government with which Northern Ireland ministers would have to work.
‘We couldn't do a Prague’: British government responses to loyalist strikes in Northern Ireland 1974–77
Authors: Aveyard Stuart C.
Published: February 2017

In May 1974 the Ulster Workers' Council (U.W.C.), comprising loyalist trade unionists, paramilitaries and politicians, mounted a general strike backed by widespread intimidation. Their target was the Sunningdale Agreement, which produced a power-sharing executive for Northern Ireland and proposed a crossborder institution with the Republic of Ireland. After a fortnight the U.W.C. successfully brought Northern Ireland to a halt and the Executive collapsed, leading to the restoration of direct rule from Westminster. Three years later the United Unionist Action Council (U.U.A.C.) adopted the same strategy, demanding a return to devolution with majority rule and the repression of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (P.I.R.A.). This second strike was defeated. Many contemporary politicians were critical of the Labour government's failure to put down the U.W.C. strike. William Whitelaw, formerly secretary of state for Northern Ireland in Edward Heath's Conservative administration and the minister responsible for the bulk of the negotiations prior to Sunningdale, believed that the prime minister, Harold Wilson, and the new secretary of state for Northern Ireland, Merlyn Rees, did not have the same attachment to the political settlement and were less willing to support the Northern Ireland Executive in its hour of need. Paddy Devlin of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (S.D.L.P.) argued that the unwillingness to arrest those involved, ‘more than any other single action by the authorities ... caused thousands of law-abiding people who had earlier given support to the executive to switch loyalties’.
Sir Isaac Newton’s enlightened chronologyand inter-denominational discoursein eighteenth-century Ireland
Authors: Dwyer Macdara
Published: February 2017

In the advertisement prefacing Charles O’Conor’sDissertations on the antient history of Ireland(1753), the editor challenged an unnamed gentleman who had, apparently, smeared the good name of the author. The editor, Michael Reily (who went under the cognomen ‘Civicus’) was intricately involved in this dispute from its early stages and did not spare any criticism for the individual he deemed responsible, Dr John Fergus, the erstwhile friend and associate of both Reily and O’Conor. ‘A Gentleman of great Reputation’ alleged Reily, had branded O’Conor with ‘the meanest Species of Immorality’. The dispute did not centre on some esoteric point of Irish mythology or any disagreement over issues of interpretation. It was not even, at least not in any direct way, a rift over political issues regarding the penal laws and the status of papists in the Irish polity, a tendency quite prevalent among the fissiparous Catholic organisations and pugilistic personalities of this period. Rather, it was wholly concerned with those most pertinent aspects of existence for an eighteenth century gentlemen – credit and honour. The disagreement was about Newton’sChronologyand its application to the Irish annalistic corpus as a means of validating the latter – not about the principle of its applicability, nor regarding the minutiae of dates or similar arcana, but to who should gain the credit for appropriating Newton’s prestige to such a particularly Irish topic.
Select document: Sir George Radcliffe’s ‘Originall of Government’ (1639) and absolutist political theory in Stuart Ireland
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: February 2017

A seventeenth-century manuscript miscellany, which once belonged to Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh, contains a short treatise on the origins of government by Sir George Radcliffe. Radcliffe was legal assistant to Sir Thomas Wentworth, lord deputy of Ireland (from January 1640 earl of Strafford and lord lieutenant). The treatise insisted on the divine origin of all human political power and implied that the best form of government was absolute monarchy, in which the monarch was free of all human law and subject to divine restraint alone. It will be suggested below that the composition of this treatise can be dated to the summer of 1639. This introduction will offer an outline of Radcliffe’s education and political career, explain the genesis of his treatise on government, point out some pertinent aspects of its argument, and finally assess the document’s significance.
The Non-Identical Twins in UK Public Law: Reasonableness and Proportionality
Authors: Nehushtan Yossi
Published: February 2017

Ever since the Wednesbury decision in 1947 (Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223) courts and public law scholars in the United Kingdom (UK) have been struggling to comprehend the meaning of ‘reasonableness’ and its relation to ‘proportionality’. The main purpose of this article is to promote conceptual clarity in UK public law by describing the nature of reasonableness and proportionality as grounds of judicial review and by highlighting the overlooked similarities and differences between them.

The main arguments of this article are that: (i) reasonableness is, in essence, an exercise in balancing and weighing; (ii) proportionality adds very little to the existing grounds of judicial review in UK public law; (iii) this addition is not necessarily focused on the administrative weighing and balancing process; and (iv) since proportionality adds very little to the existing grounds of judicial review, there is no conceptual or normative reason to prevent having proportionality as a general ground of judicial review in UK public law.
Management of inverted papilloma: review
Authors: Attlmayr B , Derbyshire S G , Kasbekar A V , Swift A C
Published: February 2017

Background:

Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumour affecting the nose. There is a high rate of recurrence and a potential of malignant transformation. This review article aimed to identify the best available management of this pathology today.

Method:

A systematic review of the current English-language literature was performed. Only original articles with a minimum follow up of one year and an average follow up of two years were included.

Results:

A total of 1385 patients from 16 case series were identified. The total recurrence rate for all patients was 11.5 per cent. Significantly lower recurrence rates were found for procedures using an attachment-oriented excision (recurrence of 6.9 per cent;p= 0.0001) and utilising frozen sections (recurrence of 7.0 per cent;p= 0.0001).

Conclusion:

There is a general trend towards endoscopic surgery. There may be some benefit to the use of attachment-oriented surgery and frozen sections. Multi-centred randomised controlled trials are required.
Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation for acute idiopathic epistaxis. Do anatomical variation and a limited evidence base raise questions regarding its place in management?
Authors: Ellinas A , Jervis P , Kenyon G , Flood L M
Published: February 2017

Background:

Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation is widely accepted as effective and safe for acute spontaneous epistaxis that is unresponsive to conservative management. As with many new procedures, it has been progressively adopted as common practice, despite a limited evidence base for its efficacy. Early reviews called for comparative trials to support its adoption, but subsequent literature largely consists of case series and narrative reviews. These have attempted to derive an algorithm to establish its place in management, but consensus is still lacking. Intuitively, although there are theoretical objections, an operation regarded as relatively simple, fast and safe hardly seems to demand high-level evidence of efficacy. Rhinologists may be influenced by years of personal experience and success with the technique. However, estimates of the effect size and the added contribution to traditional surgical management are lacking. If the procedure could be shown to dramatically influence outcome, it should be standard practice and indispensable for all patients requiring operative intervention.

Objectives:

This paper systematically examined the literature, appraising the anatomical basis for such an approach and evidence for its efficacy. It questions whether any units unable to consistently offer endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation should be undertaking surgical management of acute epistaxis.
Permian neogondolellids from south China: significance for evolution of the serrata and carinata groups in North America
Authors: Clark David L. , Cheng-Yuan Wang
Published: February 2017

TheNeogondolella serrata(Clark and Ethington) group was originally reported as a North American provincial conodont lineage. More or less complete Permian sequences now recognized in China include species originally thought to be part of the North American provincial fauna as well as species reported previously from other parts of the world. Comparison of Chinese and North American species may be useful in correlation of series and stage boundaries between the two areas. The Chinese conodont succession demonstrates that most Permian neogondolellids were not provincial but attained worldwide distribution. Late Permian ancestors of Early TriassicNeogondolellaspecies were apparently widespread in the Tethyan Sea and the sudden appearance of TriassicNeogondolellaspecies in North America without Permian ancestors is only the consequence of the absence of the latest Permian marine rocks in North America.

Of particular regional stratigraphic interest is the occurrence of the North American speciesN. wilcoxiClark and Behnken in the Chinese late Guadalupian-Dzhulfian. This occurrence supports a late Guadalupian (post-Lamar) age for the uppermost Gerster Formation in Utah.
Methods for determining septal formulae in solitary Rugosa
Authors: Cocke J. M. , Hayse Kathryn
Published: February 2017

To better understand the internal morphology of tetracorals, it is helpful to ascertain the position and number of the primary septa and metasepta at any given stage in an ontogenetic sequence. This relationship is commonly expressed as the septal formula. To determine the septal formula of the Lower Pennsylvanian rugose genus Lophotichium, Moore and Jeffords (1945) ground the epitheca to expose the peripheral ends of the septa. The methods discussed herein are in part a modification and expansion of the method used by those authors. It is not necessary to remove the epitheca in strongly ribbed, well-preserved forms; the positions of the cardinal septum and the alar septa are easily determined from study of the septal grooves. Removal of epitheca from poorly preserved, ribbed forms like Stereostylus and Lophophyllidium is recommended.
Color banding in Texigryphaea (Bivalvia) from the Cretaceous of west Texas
Authors: Rohr David M.
Published: February 2017

A single specimen of Texigryphaea navia (Hall) was recovered from Albian (Lower Cretaceous) rocks 35 km (22 mi) east of Ft. Stockton, Texas, along the north side of Interstate Highway 10 (104°52′N, 102°32′W) opposite a rest area. The fossil is from a semiconsolidated marl unit mapped on the Ft. Stockton 1:250,000 Geologic Atlas of Texas (Barnes, 1982) as Washita Group and referred to as the Ft. Lancaster Formation by Scott and Kidson (1977).
First record of Bathonian Bullatimorphites (Jurassic, Ammonitina) from Kachchh, India
Authors: Pandey D. K. , Westermann G. E. G.
Published: February 2017

Only two specimens of the family Tulitidae Buckman were previously reported from Kachchh (also Cutch, Kutch, Katch, or Kachh) in the state of Gujarat, i.e., “Stephanoceras bullatum (d'Orbigny)” of Waagen (1875) from the lower Callovian Golden Oolite of Kheera. Parona and Bonarelli (1897) named Waagen's illustrated specimen “Sphaeroceras’ cosmopolitum, which Spath (1924) later designated as the type species of Kheraiceras Spath. The only other tulitid known from the Indian subcontinent is the single Bullatimorphites (Kheraiceras) cf. bullatus from the Polyphemus Limestone of Baluchistan, Pakistan, described by Noetling (1896, Pl. 6, fig. 2, 2a).
A new method for SEM analysis of both proximal and distal sides of the same coccolith
Authors: Mai Hartmut
Published: February 2017

Disperse coccoliths and whole coccospheres are external calcareous skeletal fragments or skeletons produced by unicellular marine and lacustral algae which belong to the Chrysomonadales. Their diameters vary between 2 and 13 microns, which means electron microscopy is the most appropriate method to study their form and ultrastructure. In most cases, coccoliths have two distinct sides, a proximal side toward the cellular body of the living organism and a distal side facing the surrounding water (Figure 1). Normally these two sides differ strongly from each other and therefore paleontologists are frequently confronted with the difficulty of relating both sides of the same object when classifying a specimen. A preparation method introduced by Perch-Nielsen (1967) showed some possibilities for observing the same nannofossil specimens by light microscope and transmission electron microscope, whereas Thierstein et al. (1971) and Moshkowitz (1974) explained methods which allow scanning electron and light microscopy of the same coccoliths. Mai (1983) showed how to prepare a sample for light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy in order to study the same coccoliths. Until now no method has been developed for using SEM to study the proximal and distal sides of the same specimen. Publication of a preparation method for SEM observations may solve this problem and be useful for paleontologists investigating calcareous nannoplankton.
Trends as changes in variance: a new slant on progress and directionality in evolution
Authors: Gould Stephen Jay
Published: February 2017

Trends are the primary phenomenon of macroevolution, but they have often been misinterpreted because an old and deep conceptual error has induced us to misread, as anagenesis in abstracted entities, a pattern that actually records changes in variance by increase or decrease in diversity or disparity among species within clades. These patterns are actually produced by the “entity making and breaking machine” of differential species success, but we misread history as anagenesis because we focus on extreme values (though they may only represent tails in variance of a system), or on measures of central tendency that shift passively as species birth and death work in their differential way. I discuss several examples in two classes: “increase trends” mediated by growth in variance, and “decrease trends” produced by diminution of diversity or disparity. I present two examplesin extensobased on original data: threefold occurrence of Cope's rule in planktonic foraminifers as a consequence of increasing species diversity from small founding lineages (increase trend), and disappearance of 400 hitting in baseball as a decrease trend recording symmetrical decline of variance with increasing excellence of play, not the gradual extinction of a valued “thing.” A proper appreciation of trends as changes in variance flows from and into the two most important revisionary themes in modern evolutionary theory: 1) constraint and structure as an antidote to overreliance upon adaptation (questions about why founding lineages tend to be small, and why size ranges are constrained, lie primarily in structural, not adaptational, domains); 2) hierarchy (increase and decrease trends are powered by differential species sorting, not by extrapolated anagenesis of competition among organisms within populations).
Image processing and analysis with microcomputers
Authors: Hageman Steven J.
Published: February 2017

Recent advances in microcomputer technology have created many tools for image processing and analysis that are useful for paleontologic studies. Although the Journal of Paleontology is not the appropriate forum for reviews of products from the rapidly changing field of computer technologies, a brief introduction to techniques presently available for image processing and analysis, and their potential applications to the field, may be of value to paleontologists.
Rhectomyax Stewart, 1930 (Bivalvia: Kelliidae): a familial reassignment
Authors: Saul L. R.
Published: February 2017

The genus Rhectomyax was proposed by Stewart (1930) for Asaphis undulatus Gabb, 1864, a small bivalve described from fossils collected in a mine shaft sunk between BeaPs Bar and the Half Way House, not far from Texas Flat and near the Placer-Sacramento County line, California. The age of this mine shaft collection remains imprecise, but it is Late Cretaceous and probably from within the Campanian. Although Stewart's description of Rhectomyax follows his discussion of Asaphis Modeer, 1793 (Stewart, 1930, p. 285), and is not set off from other genera included by him in the “Garidae,” he ended his description with, 4T have been unable to recognize the affinities of this shell.” Rhectomyax is the oldest genus included by Keen (1969, p. N633) in the family Psammobiidae.
Hosts and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in the Chagas disease endemic region of the Paraguayan Chaco
Authors: ACOSTA NIDIA , LÓPEZ ELSA , LEWIS MICHAEL D. , LLEWELLYN MARTIN S. , GÓMEZ ANA , ROMÁN FABIOLA , MILES MICHAEL A. , YEO MATTHEW
Published: February 2017

Active Trypanosoma cruzi transmission persists in the Gran Chaco region, which is considered hyperendemic for Chagas disease. Understanding domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles and therefore the relationship between vectors and mammalian hosts is crucial to designing and implementing improved effective control strategies. Here we describe the species of triatomine vectors and the sylvatic mammal reservoirs of T. cruzi, in different localities of the Paraguayan and Bolivian Chaco. We identify the T. cruzi genotypes discrete typing units (DTUs) and provide a map of their geographical distribution. A total of 1044 triatomines and 138 sylvatic mammals were captured. Five per cent of the triatomines were microscopically positive for T. cruzi (55 Triatoma infestans from Paraguay and one sylvatic Triatoma guasayana from Bolivia) and 17 animals (12·3%) comprising eight of 28 (28·5%) Dasypus novemcinctus, four of 27 (14·8%) Euphractus sexcinctus, three of 64 (4·7%) Chaetophractus spp. and two of 14 (14·3%) Didelphis albiventris. The most common DTU infecting domestic triatomine bugs was TcV (64%), followed by TcVI (28%), TcII (6·5%) and TcIII (1·5%). TcIII was overwhelmingly associated with armadillo species. We confirm the primary role of T. infestans in domestic transmission, armadillo species as the principal sylvatic hosts of TcIII, and consider the potential risk of TcIII as an agent of Chagas disease in the Chaco.
Per Vvlnera Regnvm: Self-Destruction, Self-Sacrifice and Devotio in Punica 4-10
Authors: Marks Raymond D.
Published: February 2017

Over the past twenty-five years numerous studies have addressed the theme of sacrifice in Virgil'sAeneid. In 1993 the second chapter (‘Sacrifice and Substitution’) of Philip Hardie'sThe Epic Successors of Virgilbroadened the scope of the topic to include post-Virgilian epic as well, but since then little attention has been paid to sacrifice in the case of at least one of Virgil's epic successors, Silius Italicus. The aim of the present paper is to narrow this gap in the existing literature by examining the evidence for a particular form of sacrifice, a kind of ‘self-sacrifice’ known as thedeuotio, in thePunica. Although Silius' epic ideally requires a more thorough and comprehensive study of sacrifice than what is offered here, it is nevertheless hoped that the present study may lead to further inquiry into this aspect of the poem and may help, more generally, to disabuse readers of the notion that its poet is uninterested in or un-knowledgeable about matters of a religious nature.
The Sorrow of Scipio in Silius Italicus' Punica
Authors: Dietrich Jessica
Published: February 2017

In thePunica, Silius Italicus narrates the events of the Second Punic War from the rise of Hannibal and his siege at Saguntum to the rise of Scipio Africanus and his triumph over Carthage. The importance of Scipio in the final books of thePunicais foreshadowed by events earlier in the poem; these early appearances of Scipio emphasise not only his future heroism and divine favour, but also his youth and immaturity. Although a development of his character can be traced through thePunica, the figure of Scipio is complex and contradictory. There are two significant episodes that bring Scipio into the forefront of the epic action—hisnekyiain Book 13 and his choice at the crossroads between Virtus and Voluptas in Book 15. These events are critical in understanding Scipio's role in thePunicaand as such have already received considerable scholarly attention. My focus will be onPunica13 and Scipio's trip to the underworld, but rather than analyse this passage in terms of Scipio's development and heroism, I would like to make a number of connections betweenPunica13 and passages in the first half of the epic, and, in doing so, suggest a somewhat different reading of Silius' presentation of Scipio that looks back to the disasters leading up to Cannae, rather than ahead to Rome's triumph at the end of the epic. I will begin, therefore, with a discussion of what bearing the structure of thePunicahas on its meaning and suggest different uses of symbols and imagery between the two halves of the poem, before turning to Scipio in the second half of the epic.
Introduction
Authors: Carvounis Katerina , Hunter Richard
Published: February 2017

It would be depressingly easy, and not very instructive, to document the neglect of ‘later’ Greek poetry in books that claim to offer accessible introductions to ancient literature; that it is still possible to do so from books written very recently, when the whole notion of ‘the classical canon’ has come under increasingly strenuous examination and the study of ‘later antiquity’ has properly come into its own, might seem more depressing still, though it also sheds light on how the academy views its task of disseminating trends in research more broadly. In any case, any such catalogue of neglect would be widely (and perhaps rightly) regarded as a rhetorical move of self-justification of a kind very familiar in academic discourse; after all, it took years of voluminous writing about the ancient novel before scholars in that field abandoned the ritual complaint about the ‘neglect’ of this literature (the torch has perhaps been handed on to the study of early Christian narrative).
The Politics of Poetics: Nonnus' Dionysiaca and the World of Late Antiquity
Authors: Shorrock Robert
Published: February 2017

Over the last thirty years or so our understanding of the world of late antiquity has undergone a radical transformation. In addition to the important contributions by historians such as Peter Brown (on the body and society) and Averil Cameron (on the evolution of Christian discourse), new perspectives have also been opened up on the material culture of the later empire. In the arena of literary criticism, however, signs of any analogous transformation have been much less obvious. Though, of course, it is easy to overstate the case, it is nevertheless clear from the bibliographic record that the literature of the late antique period has not yet been subject to the intense critical attention of other epochs, such as the Second Sophistic. This article will attempt on a necessarily modest scale to address this lack of critical attention.

My primary focus is the fifth-century CE epic poem, the Dionysiaca of Nonnus, a product of Roman Egypt, written in Greek in forty-eight chapter-length books. It runs to over 21,000 hexameter lines—some five thousand lines longer than Homer's Iliad—and tells the story of the wine-loving Dionysus, the hero whose destiny it is to become a god. Though its influence on the wider literary culture of late antiquity was profound, it has remained a marginalised and neglected text within the history of modern classical scholarship. The Dionysiaca exists as an often quoted yet rarely read compendium of obscure mythological information, and is periodically mined for allusions to earlier and implicitly ‘better’ poets whose works have only survived in fragmentary form, but it is rarely considered on its own terms.
Diophantine approximation on polynomial curves
Authors: SCHLEISCHITZ JOHANNES
Published: February 2017

In a paper from 2010, Budarina, Dickinson and Levesley studied the rational approximation properties of curves parametrised by polynomials with integral coefficients in Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension. Assuming the dimension is at least three and excluding the case of linear dependence of the polynomials together with P(X) ≡ 1 over the rational number field, we establish proper generalisations of their main result.
In the margins of Byzantium? Some icons in Michael Psellos
Authors: Cutler Anthony , Browning Robert
Published: February 2017

In the face of a supposed dearth of recorded responses to icons, historians of Byzantine art commonly infer these either from characteristics that they suppose to inhere in works of art themselves, or transfer to the personal and practical realm such theoretical attitudes as are proclaimed in the proceedings of church councils and similar documents. These methods of argumentation give rise to assumptions that (i) aesthetic reactions to images were unimportant or at least subordinate to attitudes born of piety, and (ii) artists used older works as models and the value of their artefacts was understood to be directly proportional to the fidelity of their copies to the ‘prototype’. Views of this sort can indeed be supported by texts that set out a variety of orthodox positions ranging from bodies of legal opinion to anecdotal accounts of devotion to icons. But to suppose that such readings represent immutable standards is to take part of the picture for the whole. The study of what seem at first sight to be aberrant attitudes can lend a new perspective on behaviour that is often treated as normative. Artists’ ‘deviations’, and highly emotive and even criminal reactions to their work, are still marginal to our perceptions of Byzantium formed by texts that present one or another official position, even while we are aware that styles of painting (as of writing) varied from one individual to another and that private passions and crimes flourished in this society as in any other.
Byzantium in the Cairo Genizah
Authors: De Lange Nicholas
Published: February 2017

On the occasion of the Byzantine Symposium at Cambridge in March 1990, an exhibition of manuscripts of Byzantine interest recovered from the Cairo Genizah was mounted in the University Library. Although these manuscripts have been in Cambridge for nearly a century, they are still not as well known as they deserve to be, and the exhibition provoked a good deal of interest among participants. It therefore seemed useful to provide this more permanent record. I have taken the opportunity to add one or two items which, for various reasons, could not be exhibited. I have also introduced references to publications in English or other western languages; it should be remembered, however, that there is a growing quantity of Genizah publication now in Hebrew. It should also be borne in mind that, although most of the Genizah manuscripts are in Cambridge, other smaller collections are to be found in many other libraries, notably (so far as Byzantine material is concerned) in St Petersburg, New York and Oxford.
Greece and the Arabs, 1956-1958
Authors: Hatzivassiliou Evanthis
Published: February 2017

In the second half of the 1950s, Greek foreign policy was dominated by the Cyprus question, while in the Middle East the same period was marked by a series of crises. The developments in the Middle East were important to the Greek government partly because Cyprus’s fate depended primarily on British decisions — and these decisions were connected to Britain’s position in the Middle East. Simultaneously, the turbulence in the region endangered the Greek communities in it, mainly the large community in Egypt. Yet, it may be said that Athens was rather slow in making an approach to the Arabs, on whose votes the United Nations debates on Cyprus largely depended: such approach took place only in Spring 1956, after the British had deported the Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios, and after the new government of Constantinos Karamanlis had scored its first electoral victory.
The Serpent Column of Delphi in Constantinople: Placement, Purposes, and Mutilations
Authors: Madden Thomas F.
Published: February 2017

Between the two great obelisks of Istanbul’s Atmeidan, rests the battered and truncated remains of one of western civilization’s most intriguing and important artifacts: the Serpent Column of Delphi. With its two companions, the ancient bronze pillar marks the spina of the Byzantine hippodrome around which the chariots of the Empire once raced. Today only tour buses make the circuit. The Serpent Column is all the more extraordinary simply by its continued existence. On public display for over 2300 years, it somehow escaped the fires, earthquakes, and lootings which destroyed almost all other Hellenic bronze masterpieces. As one author at the turn of the twentieth century noted, ‘Nothing in Constantinople, perhaps in the world, has such a history.’ It is not, however, the purpose of this study to present that history, but rather to examine new evidence and make new arguments concerning crucial points in it. More specifically, this article will concentrate on the column’s physical state, as well as some local folklore surrounding it, from its removal to Constantinople in the fourth century until its truncation in 1700.
Ottoman Merchants in Constantinople During the First Half of the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Necipoğlu Nevra
Published: February 2017

Despite growing interest among both Byzantinists and Ottoman scholars in the respective long-distance commercial ventures of Byzantine Greek and Ottoman Muslim merchants, studies focusing on the trade relations between these two groups have not yet been undertaken. This article, which examines some sources that document the presence and economic activities of Ottoman Turks in Constantinople during the first half of the fifteenth century, is intended to serve as a contribution to this neglected field of study. Moreover, by means of an examination of commercial relations, the article aims to shed further light on the daily, informal contacts between the Byzantines and the Ottomans which remains a relatively unexplored aspect of Byzantine-Ottoman relations.
The exploitation and control of woodland and scrubland in the Byzantine world
Authors: Dunn Archibald
Published: February 2017

A welcome and necessary aspect of the renewal of studies of the Byzantine economy has been the analysis, sometimes in both the technical and the broader organisational aspects, of the production and redistribution of particular goods.
In search of a Byzantine narrative canon: the Vita Basilii as an uncanonical work
Authors: Codeso Patricia Varona
Published: February 2017

The problem of the literary genre of Vita Basilii and, by extension, of the lack of Byzantine examples of purely secular biography is one of the most well known literary controversies of Byzantine studies. With respect to this problem a revision of the usual parameters involved in the definition of literary genres will be suggested, one which will cover not only formal aspects but also contextual and functional ones. This study will propose that the features related to these parameters could be classified as more or less prototypical, thus laying the foundation for an approach to canonical narrative patterns and enabling further progress in our understanding of this unique work.
Viewpoint: The role of passion in art
librarianship
Authors: Fowler Chris
Published: February 2017

The keynote speaker at this year’s
ARLIS/UK & Ireland conference in Manchester
struck a sobering note and used language and
concepts depressingly familiar to those of us
working in higher education (HE). Jan Wilkinson,
the University Librarian at the University of
Manchester and director of the world-famous John
Rylands Library, made two confessions to
conference delegates. The first was that the
majority of subjects at her university no longer
had specialist librarians and the second was that
she did not feel a great attachment to the
profession. From a marketing background, Jan was
perfectly attuned to the idea of HE as a business.
Whilst she made valid points about the need for
librarians to be more strategic in their approach
and for university libraries to be seen as an
essential component of the competitive edge of the
university, I am sure I was not alone in feeling
depressed at the lack of value attached to
specialist knowledge and collections.
Cindy Lisica & Lucy Mulroney on
Listening to Artists
Authors: Lisica Cindy , Mulroney Lucy
Published: February 2017

Cindy Lisica, Assistant Archivist of The
Andy Warhol Museum, and Lucy Mulroney, Interim
Senior Director of Special Collections at Syracuse
University Libraries, discuss Andy Warhol,
archives research, and listening to artists. Their
work involves collaborations, unorthodox
approaches and unusual research methods in
archives. Their unique experiences working with
rare and special collections, listening to audio
and speaking direcdy with those involved in the
making of the material often deliver unexpected
results in their writing projects and
conversations. This conversation raises questions
of authenticity and authorship in art historical
lineage, well-known quotes, publications and audio
recordings by Warhol and today’s contemporary
artists.
IAINBAXTER&raisonnE: Catalogues raisonnés and the ontological turn
Authors: Lauder Adam
Published: February 2017

IAINBAXTER&raisonnEis an experimental catalogue raisonné of the conceptual artist IAIN BAXTER &, former President of the ‘critical company’ N.E. Thing Co. Ltd. (NETCO). NETCO creatively re-purposed the media ecology of Marshall McLuhan to challenge Conceptual art’s utilitarian ‘aesthetic of administration’ as well as the categorical assumptions informing library and information science that it mimicked. This article describes the main features of the prototype and argues in favour of an approach to developing catalogues raisonnés with artist-centred designs, for which the principles of linked data may be unduly restrictive or even incompatible.
Barry Flanagan, black holes and the digital dot: barryflanagan.com
Authors: Melvin Jo
Published: February 2017

This article discusses the rationale and decision making processes involved in the construction of barryflanagan.com, the website developed by the Estate of the British artist to give access to an online catalogue raisonné of his work alongside a digitised archive. A central focus to the project was to develop a systematic representation of interconnectivity: from notation and documentation to realisation and subsequent exhibition.
Preparing the catalogue raisonné: A guideline for publishing online
Authors: Gabrielli Caroline
Published: February 2017

This paper presents findings from interviews conducted with editors of catalogue raisonné projects in various stages of development combined with the author’s work on the Catalogue Raisonné of the Drawings of Jasper Johns. A summary is presented of the common mission and challenges in preparing the catalogue raisonné as well as the considerations for, and benefits of, publishing online. The result is a concise reference tool of best practices and suggestions for future catalogues raisonnés and online catalogue projects, including features available if publishing online; staff recommendations; workflow; database options; data migration; research; storage of research assets; and long-term maintenance.
Improving the articles about modern art in Wikipedia: a partnership between Wikimédia France and the Pompidou Centre
Authors: Machefert Sylvain
Published: February 2017

Museums have seen the universality of Wikipedia use and have started to open up their data to re-use on the Internet. This is an effort both to improve the information available to casual users and researchers and to make images and information from their holdings more accessible. In a paper originally delivered at the IFLA Art Libraries Section pre-conference in August 2014, Sylvain Machefert, a university systems librarian, describes some of his activities as a member of Wikimédia France. A project between the Centre Pompidou and Wikimédia designed to involve the art-loving public, as well as those with more expert art experience, serves as a case study. He assesses the project’s strengths and weaknesses on the basis of its outcomes. He touches on some other projects that have also contributed to the improvement of art information available through one of France’s and the world’s most popular general web services.
Art journals and monographs in Open Access – a collaborative effort
Authors: Büttner Alexandra
Published: February 2017

Since 2006 Heidelberg University Library has been encouraging the idea of Open Access in the field of art history. Today, as part of the Specialized Information Service for Art it offers art historians from all over the world, through the platform arthistoricum.net, three different services for e-publishing in Open Access: (1) ARTDok – a digital repository for single publications and review articles, (2) ARTJournals – a publication management platform for e-journals and (3) ART-Books – a platform for monographs and edited volumes. Apart from providing scholars with software to help them publish professional peer-reviewed open access articles, the library also supports art historians in the transition from print to e-publications by offering them the technical infrastructure as well as organisational support. The service at Heidelberg University Library has shifted towards engaging more closely with academics and setting into practice their individual needs, leaving them to focus on research and contents. These newly developed processes based on a collaborative effort of art librarians and scholars place an important emphasis on the accessibility and provision of art historical research data in Open Access.
Open art: MOOCs, copyright and the art librarian
Authors: Deacon Megan , Kalejs Linda
Published: February 2017

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have transformed the Higher Education sector world-wide, educating diverse audiences through Open Access content and resources. Very few have been integrated into the museum experience; however there is signifi cant potential for MOOCs to revolutionise access to the collections of art museums and galleries. This article presents empirical evidence drawing from a review of literature, and provides a case study into copyright challenges encountered using art images and video in a MOOC environment. Specific examples have been selected from the FutureLearn/ Monash University Creative Coding MOOC launched in June 2014, discussing the role that an Art Librarian plays in this process. This will be of interest to a broader museum and gallery audience, embarking on provision of online educative programs for users.