bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYDROMORPHOLOGICAL METHOD AND GIS TOOLS WITH A WEB APPLICATION TO ASSESS A SEMI-NATURAL URBANISED RIVER
Authors: Bedla Dawid , Halecki Wiktor , Król Karol
Published: February 2021

River valleys are an essential element of urban space, and play an important role in the functioning of the natural environment and the recreation of city dwellers. Moreover, blue-green infrastructure facilitates healthy urban living. New technologies can contribute significantly to dissemination of messages of environmental protection. We discuss adaptation of the RHS method for presenting interactive data for river channels. Our assessment was focused on three parameters: habitat area, structure and conservation. The main parameters were described using selected indicators linked to natural and anthropogenic factors. The habitat modification score showed that the physical state of the Drwinka River was obviously modified, and the habitat quality assessment rated the stream as hydromorphological class III. The web application showed that the proposed method is suitable for creating realistic visual effects, and indicates greening areas against degraded areas.
Constraining Primordial Black Holes with Dwarf Galaxy Heating
Authors: Lu Philip , Takhistov Volodymyr , Gelmini Graciela B. , Hayashi Kohei , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Kusenko Alexander
Published: February 2021

Black holes formed in the early universe, prior to the formation of stars, can exist as dark matter and also contribute to the black hole merger events observed in gravitational waves. We set a new limit on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) by considering interactions of PBHs with the interstellar medium, which result in the heating of gas. We examine generic heating mechanisms, including emission from the accretion disk, dynamical friction, and disk outflows. Using the data from the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we set a new cosmology-independent limit on the abundance of PBHs in the mass range

, relevant for the recently detected gravitational-wave signals from intermediate-mass BHs.
Fiery Cores: Bursty and Smooth Star Formation Distributions across Galaxy Centers in Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations
Authors: Orr Matthew E. , Hatchfield H Perry , Battersby Cara , Hayward Christopher C. , Hopkins Philip F. , Wetzel Andrew , Benincasa Samantha M. , Loebman Sarah R. , Sormani Mattia C. , Klessen Ralf S.
Published: February 2021

We present an analysis of the R ≲ 1.5 kpc core regions of seven simulated Milky Way-mass galaxies, from the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, for a finely sampled period (Δt = 2.2 Myr) of 22 Myr at z ≈ 0, and compare them with star formation rate (SFR) and gas surface density observations of the Milky Way’s Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). Despite not being tuned to reproduce the detailed structure of the CMZ, we find that four of these galaxies are consistent with CMZ observations at some point during this 22 Myr period. The galaxies presented here are not homogeneous in their central structures, roughly dividing into two morphological classes; (a) several of the galaxies have very asymmetric gas and SFR distributions, with intense (compact) starbursts occurring over a period of roughly 10 Myr, and structures on highly eccentric orbits through the CMZ, whereas (b) others have smoother gas and SFR distributions, with only slowly varying SFRs over the period analyzed. In class (a) centers, the orbital motion of gas and star-forming complexes across small apertures (R ≲ 150 pc, analogously ∣l∣ < 1° in the CMZ observations) contributes as much to tracers of star formation/dense gas appearing in those apertures, as the internal evolution of those structures does. These asymmetric/bursty galactic centers can simultaneously match CMZ gas and SFR observations, demonstrating that time-varying star formation can explain the CMZ’s low star formation efficiency.
Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Late Infall Causing Disk Misalignment and Dynamic Structures in SU Aur*
Authors: Ginski Christian , Facchini Stefano , Huang Jane , Benisty Myriam , Vaendel Dennis , Stapper Lucas , Dominik Carsten , Bae Jaehan , Ménard François , Muro-Arena Gabriela , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , McClure Melissa , van Holstein Rob G. , Birnstiel Tilman , Boehler Yann , Bohn Alexander , Flock Mario , Mamajek Eric E. , Manara Carlo F. , Pinilla Paola , Pinte Christophe , Ribas Álvaro
Published: February 2021

Gas-rich circumstellar disks are the cradles of planet formation. As such, their evolution will strongly influence the resulting planet population. In the ESO DESTINYS large program, we study these disks within the first 10 Myr of their development with near-infrared scattered-light imaging. Here we present VLT/SPHERE polarimetric observations of the nearby class II system SU Aur in which we resolve the disk down to scales of ∼7 au. In addition to the new SPHERE observations, we utilize VLT/NACO, HST/STIS, and ALMA archival data. The new SPHERE data show the disk around SU Aur and extended dust structures in unprecedented detail. We resolve several dust tails connected to the Keplerian disk. By comparison with ALMA data, we show that these dust tails represent material falling onto the disk. The disk itself shows an intricate spiral structure and a shadow lane, cast by an inner, misaligned disk component. Our observations suggest that SU Aur is undergoing late infall of material, which can explain the observed disk structures. SU Aur is the clearest observational example of this mechanism at work and demonstrates that late accretion events can still occur in the class II phase, thereby significantly affecting the evolution of circumstellar disks. Constraining the frequency of such events with additional observations will help determine whether this process is responsible for the spin–orbit misalignment in evolved exoplanet systems.
Structure and floristic composition associated with an endangered species Beta patula Aiton (Amaranthaceae) in the Islands of Madeira Archipelago
Authors: Nóbrega Humberto , Freitas Gregório , Zavattieri M. A. , Ragonezi Carla , Pinheiro de Carvalho Miguel
Published: February 2021

Twenty-two native Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) occur in specific dry environments of Madeira Archipelago, like Desembarcadouro islet in Ponta de São Lourenço and Chão islet in Desertas Islands. Nine of them share the same gene pool with crop species included in Annex I of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Amongst them, Beta patula Aiton, an IUCN Critically Endangered species, has been studied in detail for in situ and ex situ conservation. The present paper summarises the information recorded during the Beta patula population assessment. Valuable information on plant communities associated with this species was obtained.

The data provides information of a vegetation census spanning 7 years, from 2014 to 2020, in two uninhabited islets where Beta patula occurs, Desembarcadouro and Chão islets. The collected dataset consists of 1,786 vegetation descriptions, where 31 species were recorded. All generated data have been published and will be used towards the implementation of conservation actions and to establish a middle term management protocol for Beta patula and other CWR in situ conservation in the framework of a genetic reserve. This work is part of a EU LIFE Project, LIFE RECOVER NATURA and was conducted by members of the ISOPlexis Center, University of Madeira.
L’enfant placé, déchiré entre sa famille et sa famille d’accueil : le travail de soin dans la visite médiatisée spécialisée
Authors: Lefebvre Danielle , Stéphanoff Marina
Published: February 2021

À travers une présentation du travail et des attendus de la visite médiatisée, les auteures présentent des vignettes cliniques mettant en scène comment un enfant placé rencontrant ses parents souvent souffrant de troubles mentaux peut, au prix d’une tension immense, élaborer son histoire subjective. Conflit de loyauté, souffrance de la séparation, nécessité de se construire, tous ces thèmes sont abordés avec une grande humanité.
Le logiciel d’aide à l’analyse Monika et l’analyse ‘par position’ dans l’univers pentatonique
Authors: De Lavenère Véronique
Published: February 2021

Cet article procède à l’analyse d’un ensemble de musiques de danse pour orgue à bouche issu d’une petite population tibéto-birmane établie au Laos (Asie du Sud Est). Bien loin de se réduire à des particularités motiviques, l’organisation interne de ces pièces repose sur des règles implicites mais contraignantes qui relèvent d’un véritable système : le pentatonisme. L’article questionnera l’apport du logiciel d’aide à l’analyse Monika – en particulier l’analyse des durées cumulées des hauteurs – pour l’identification de ces règles sous-jacentes. Il cernera aussi le rôle du logiciel dans un cheminement analytique qui conduit à reconnaître la nécessité d’une analyse ‘par position’.
Application de la Sociologie de la Traduction comme grille de lecture d’un projet d’implantation d’une offre de santé publique dans les établissements scolaires du territoire du Saulnois
Authors: Hurstel Françoise
Published: February 2021

L’implantation d’une offre d’entretien individuel de prévention en Santé Affective, Sexuelle et Reproductive dans les lycées du territoire du Saulnois a pour but de pallier le déficit en offres de soins spécifiques aux adolescents. Ce projet mobilise différents acteurs dont notamment les lycéens, futurs utilisateurs de l’offre. Dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous nous intéressons principalement à ces derniers. En effet, l’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l'évolution de notre projet mais surtout d’évaluer sa pré-appropriation par les lycéens. Pour cela, nous mobilisons la sociologie de la traduction car cette théorie est particulièrement bien adaptée pour suivre l’évolution des projets et les réseaux qui se mettent en place. Pour répondre à notre question de recherche, des entretiens et des observations participantes ont été menés afin d’appréhender la façon dont les lycéens imaginent le service proposé mais également pour connaître leur point de vue. Ces données sont venues compléter celles collectées lors d’un diagnostic territorial. Les résultats nous indiquent que les usagers ne sont pas informés et qu'en conséquence ils ne peuvent ni s’imaginer le service de santé publique ni se le pré-approprier. De fait, la réussite du projet risque d'être remise en cause.
La révolte insubordonnée
Authors: Silva Breno , Menezes Cícero
Published: February 2021

À partir de l’image emblématique du cocktail Molotov lancé contre quelque chose, une réflexion est recherchée sur l’instant de la révolte et ses développements fulgurants. La révolte vue dans une dimension phénoménique, indissociable de l’expérience du révolté, suspend le temps historique et se configure comme un acte autonome, indépendant de quoi que ce soit. Dans de telles conditions, on peut la considérer en tant qu’acte insubordonné, qui ne se soumet à rien. Il s’agit, dans une conception batallienne, d’un acte souverain. Mais quelles seraient les contributions de penser la révolte à l’instant de sa réalisation insubordonnée ? Dans cet engagement se dégage peut-être une pensée fulgurante de la révolte, transfigurant l’ennemi, les motivations personnelles, la cause collective et même le soi, joint à l’émergence d’une autre collectivité. Dans une telle émergence, l’instant de la révolte réalise, dans le refus et la contestation d’un mode de vie servile, une sorte de souveraineté solidaire, dans laquelle la révolte n’en est pas moins au nom de tous les siens .
An analysis of the relationship between media communication and social protest in China
Authors: Bin Wang
Published: February 2021

Les protestations sociales en Chine se sont déroulées dans un contexte réaliste et historique spécifique et ont eu une relation compliquée avec les médias ancrés dans la structure sociale spécifique. Notre intention est d’illustrer trois facteurs qui influencent le rôle des médias dans les manifestations sociales en Chine : le système médiatique, les règles de fonctionnement des institutions médiatiques et des professionnels des médias, et le capital social des manifestants et les stratégies de protestation. En se basant sur les points de vue et le degré d’implication des médias dans les protestations, cet article souligne les rôles des médias traditionnels dans les protestations sociales en quatre catégories : « défenseur », « promoteur », « coordinateur » et « obstructeur ». Ensuite, cet article propose trois types d’interaction discursive entre les médias traditionnels et les médias en ligne : les médias traditionnels dominent l’opinion publique ; les médias traditionnels et les médias en ligne dominent conjointement l’opinion publique ; les médias en ligne dominent l’opinion publique.
IL-21/IL-21R Signaling Aggravated Respiratory Inflammation Induced by Intracellular Bacteria through Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subset Responses
Authors: Niu Wenhao , Xu Yueyue , Zha Xiaoyu , Zeng Jiajia , Qiao Sai , Yang Shuaini , Zhang Hong , Tan Lu , Sun Lida , Pang Gaoju , Liu Tengli , Zhao Huili , Zheng Ningbo , Zhang Yongci , Bai Hong
Published: February 2021

The IL-21/IL-21R interaction plays an important role in a variety of immune diseases; however, the roles and mechanisms in intracellular bacterial infection are not fully understood. In this study, we explored the effect of IL-21/IL-21R on chlamydial respiratory tract infection using a chlamydial respiratory infection model. The results showed that the mRNA expression of IL-21 and IL-21R was increased in Chlamydia muridarum–infected mice, which suggested that IL-21 and IL-21R were involved in host defense against C. muridarum lung infection. IL-21R−/− mice exhibited less body weight loss, a lower bacterial burden, and milder pathological changes in the lungs than wild-type (WT) mice during C. muridarum lung infection. The absolute number and activity of CD4+ T cells and the strength of Th1/Th17 responses in IL-21R−/− mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice after C. muridarum lung infection, but the Th2 response was weaker. Consistently, IL-21R−/− mice showed higher mRNA expression of Th1 transcription factors (T-bet/STAT4), IL-12p40, a Th17 transcription factor (STAT3), and IL-23. The mRNA expression of Th2 transcription factors (GATA3/STAT6), IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in IL-21R−/− mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant mouse IL-21 aggravated chlamydial lung infection in C57BL/6 mice and reduced Th1 and Th17 responses following C. muridarum lung infection. These findings demonstrate that IL-21/IL-21R may aggravate chlamydial lung infection by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 responses.
Changing the Gear of Dermatology Practice During and after COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chandrashekar BS , Nayak Preethi B , Madura C
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 since the dawn has changed the way we look at things around us. Medical practice has changed drastically, so is dermatology practice. Clinical and procedural dermatology practice had come to a standstill in India, due to the past COVID-19 situations. With the changing scenario, now it is time for dermatologists as well as dermatology field to sail through these difficult times, with extra care and precautions. According to the latest CDC and ICMR guidelines, we have designed the following proposed guidelines from entrance to exit for the smooth functioning of dermatology institute/hospital/clinic. Potential setbacks related to patient and manpower, their management during COVID-19 pandemic has been reviewed. Potential setbacks related to clinical dermatology practice and procedures, their management during COVID-19 pandemic has been reviewed and briefed. Hard times are usually blessings in disguise; hence, we should utilize this pandemic period to learn and rejuvenate our practice.
Alopecia Totalis Successfully Treated with Modified Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy in a Patient Recalcitrant to Traditional Treatment Modalities
Authors: Gupta Sumit , Bisht Priyanka Borde , Kannan Charisma
Published: February 2021

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune, nonscarring, inflammatory disorder of the scalp and/or body resulting in hair loss. Extensive AA such as alopecia totalis is increasingly unresponsive to conventional treatment modalities. We report a case of alopecia totalis showing a promising response with the application of platelet-rich plasma therapy modified with triamcinolone acetonide.
Efficacy and Safety of 88% Phenol Application Versus Cryotherapy in Repigmentation of Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
Authors: Rajegowda Harish M , Kalegowda Deepadarshan , Madegowda Shashikumar B , Rangarajaiah Ambika C
Published: February 2021

Background:

Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) is a common, acquired dermatosis characterized by multiple, round or oval, hypopigmented to depigmented macules. A variety of therapies with variable success are described, despite that, the treatment remains still unsatisfactory and a therapeutic challenge for the treating specialist.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of 88% phenol application and cryotherapy in repigmentation of IGH macules.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 patients with more than 10 IGH macules were selected. For each enrolled patient, 88% phenol was applied to 5 IGH macules and single cryotherapy for 3–5 s was applied for another 5 IGH macules once in a month till the repigmentation for maximum of 3 applications. Patients were assessed monthly for 3 months for the side effects and improvement in pigmentation. The degree of improvement in pigmentation was assessed using a grading system, <25% - no response (Grade-1), 26%–50% - minimal (Grade-2), 51%–75% - good (Grade-3), and >75% - excellent response (Grade-4).

Results:

A total of 25 patients completed the study. At the end of the treatment period, out of 125 macules treated with short contact cryotherapy 75 (60%) macules showed excellent response and 20 (16%) macules showed good response. In phenol group, out of 125 macules 37 (29.6%) and 29 (23.2%) macules showed excellent and good improvement in pigmentation respectively, with P < 0.05. Side effects such as persistent scabbing, ulceration were more common with 88% phenol application compared to cryotherapy.

Conclusion:

Short contact cryotherapy of 3–5 s was found to be more efficacious and safe compared to therapeutic wounding with 88% phenol in inducing pigmentation of IGH macules.
Dermatoscopy and Clinicopathological Correlation in Different Spectrum of Leprosy
Authors: Bhatia Amrit Singh , Badad Ambresh , Hogade Ashok S , Spoorthy M
Published: February 2021

Background:

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection with varied clinical presentations. Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows rapid and magnified in vivo observation of the skin with the visualization of morphologic features that are invisible to the naked eye. In our study, we aim to describe the dermatoscopic features of all types of leprosy and correlate with clinical and histopathological findings.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was done on all the leprosy patients attending OPD over a period of 1 year. The study patients were categorized as per Ridley–Jopling classification. The lesions of different types of leprosy were photographed and evaluated by dermatoscopy and biopsied.

Results:

A total of 60 patients (34 males and 26 females) were taken under the study. Of 60 patients, 6 cases of tuberculoid leprosy, 22 cases of borderline tuberculoid (3 with Type 1 reaction), 16 cases of borderline lepromatous, 12 cases of lepromatous leprosy (5 with Type 2 reaction), and 4 cases of Histoid leprosy. The dermatoscopic features seen are yellowish-orange areas and vascular structures such as linear branching vessels and crown vessels. Broken pigment network and white chrysalis like areas are also seen. Absence or diminished hair follicles and eccrine duct openings are seen in tuberculoid spectrum. Scaling and follicular plugs are seen in type 1 reaction.

Conclusion:

Yellowish-orange areas and vascular structures are the common dermatoscopic features seen in leprosy. Broken pigment network and paucity of appendageal structures are other features seen.
Treating Pemphigus Foliaceus-A Telemedicine Way
Authors: Saoji Vikrant
Published: February 2021

To control the COVID pandemic, lockdown was ordered by the government, leading to travel restrictions which affected the access to the medical facility. A 63-year-old male staying 200 km away in a remote area without dermatological facility was diagnosed and treated successfully by telemedicine. Diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus was made on clinical photograph. The patient had extensive involvement. The patient was treated with tablet betamethasone tapered over 4 weeks along with tablet cyclophosphamide 100 mg OD. Clinical photographs along with the laboratory reports were sent by the patient weekly. By the end of the 1st week, the patient started noticing improvement which continued for next 4 weeks. A good clinical improvement was achieved in 4 weeks. No side effects were reported. The improvement achieved in 4 weeks will be maintained with tablet cyclophosphamide. Telemedicine can play an important role in offering medical help to the remote rural area where the health facilities are lacking.
Narrowband perfect metasurface absorber based on impedance matching
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali , Kazansky Nikolai Lvovich
Published: February 2021

We presented a numerical investigation of a metamaterial narrowband perfect absorber conducted via a finite element method based on commercially available COMSOL software. The periodic array of silicon meta-atoms (MAs) are placed on 80 nm thick gold layer. The broadband light at normal incidence is blocked by the gold layer and silicon MAs are used to excite the surface plasmon by scattering light through it. Maximum absorption of 95.7 % is obtained at the resonance wavelength of 1137.5 nm due to the perfect impedance matching of the electric and magnetic dipoles. The absorption is insensitive to the wide-angle of incidence ranging from 0 to 80 degrees. We believe that the proposed metamaterial device can be utilized in solar photovoltaic and biochemical sensing applications. Full Text: PDF ReferencesY. Cheng, X.S. Mao, C. Wu, L. Wu, R.Z. Gong, "Infrared non-planar plasmonic perfect absorber for enhanced sensitive refractive index sensing", Optical Materials, 53, 195-200 (2016). CrossRef S. S. Mirshafieyan, D.A. Gregory, "Electrically tunable perfect light absorbers as color filters and modulators", Scientific Reports,8, 2635 (2018). CrossRef D.M. Nguyen, D. Lee, J. Rho, "Control of light absorbance using plasmonic grating based perfect absorber at visible and near-infrared wavelengths", Scientific Reports, 7, 2611 (2017). CrossRef Y. Sun, Y. Ling, T. Liu, L. Huang, "Electro-optical switch based on continuous metasurface embedded in Si substrate", AIP Advances, 5, 117221 (2015). CrossRef H. Chu, Q. Li, B. Liu, J. Luo, S. Sun, Z. H. Hang, L. Zhou, Y. Lai, "A hybrid invisibility cloak based on integration of transparent metasurfaces and zero-index materials", Light: Science & Applications, 7, 50 (2018). CrossRef S. K. Patel, S. Charola, J. Parmar, M. Ladumor, "Broadband metasurface solar absorber in the visible and near-infrared region", Materials Research Express, 6, 086213 (2019). CrossRef Q. Qian, S. Ti, C. Wang, "All-dielectric ultra-thin metasurface angular filter", Optics Letters, 44, 3984 (2019). CrossRef P. Yu et al., "Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers", Advanced Optical Materials, 7, 1800995 (2019). CrossRef Y. J. Kim et al., "Flexible ultrathin metamaterial absorber for wide frequency band, based on conductive fibers", Science and Technology of advanced materials, 19, 711-717 (2018). CrossRef N.L. Kazanskiy, S.N. Khonina, M.A. Butt, "Plasmonic sensors based on Metal-insulator-metal waveguides for refractive index sensing applications: A brief review", Physica E, 117, 113798 (2020). CrossRef H. E. Nejad, A. Mir, A. Farmani, "Supersensitive and Tunable Nano-Biosensor for Cancer Detection", IEEE Sensors Journal, 19, 4874-4881 (2019). CrossRef
Alternative approach to variable wavelength interferometry
Authors: Litwin Dariusz , Radziak Kamil , Galas Jacek
Published: February 2021

The paper presents an alternative technique of calculation the retardance of quartz waveplates. The technique utilizes continuously tuned wavelength, which identifies the zero-order fringe and simultaneously facilitates high repeatability of the optical path difference across the entire visible spectrum. Unlike in classical method, precise monitoring of the current increase or decrease of the interference order is not required. The discussion includes comparison of the standard deviation between the classical and novel approaches. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLinkM. Pluta, "Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, "On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, "Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, "Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, "Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, "Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, "New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, M. Daszkiewicz, T. Kryszczyński, A. Czyżewski, K. Radziak, "Dedicated optical systems of the Institute of Applied Optics", Phot. Lett. Pol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 29-31, (2019). CrossRef D. Litwin, K. Radziak, J. Galas "A fast variable wavelength interferometer", Proc. SPIE 11581, 115810O, (2020). CrossRef
Microbial electrolysis cells for electromethanogenesis: Materials, configurations and operations
Authors: Amrut Pawar Aditya , Karthic Anandakrishnan , Lee Sangmin , Pandit Soumya , Jung Sokhee P.
Published: February 2021

Anaerobic digestion is a traditional method of producing methane-containing biogas by utilizing the methanogenic conversion of organic matter like agricultural waste and animal excreta. Recently, the application of microbial electrolysis cell (MECs) technology to a traditional anaerobic digestion system has been extensively studied to find new opportunities in increasing wastewater treatability and methane yield and producing valuable chemicals. The finding that both anodic and cathodic bacteria can synthesize methane has led to the efforts of optimizing multiple aspects like microbial species, formation of biofilms, substrate sources and electrode surface for higher production of the combustible compound. MECs are very fascinating because of its ability to uptake a wide variety of raw materials including untreated wastewater (and its microbial content as biocatalysts). Extensive work in this field has established different systems of MECs for hydrogen production and biodegradation of organic compounds. This review is dedicated to explaining the operating principles and mechanism of the MECs for electromethanogenesis using different biochemical pathways. Emphasis on single- and double-chambered MECs along with reactor components is provided for a comprehensive description of the technology. Methane production using hydrogen evolution reaction and nanocatalysts has also been discussed.
Effectiveness of dredging and drains’ treatment on water quality of Rosetta branch
Authors: Omar Mohie Eldin M. , Ghareeb Mohamed A. , Sherbini Shaimaa El
Published: February 2021

Rosetta Branch of Nile River in Egypt receives drainage water from five agricultural drains deteriorating its water quality. Since the branch is used for irrigation and municipal purposes, its water quality should be enhanced. Hence, the current paper aimed at providing the most effective intervention to improve the branch water quality. Preventing drainage disposal was excluded due its significance to downstream users. The paper investigated the impacts of drains' treatment and branch dredging on hydrodynamics and water quality. The branch was numerically simulated using HECRAS model, and calibrated using measured water levels and quality parameters. The paper selected constructed wetlands as the most suitable method for drainage treatment based on conditions of study area. SUBWET model predicted optimal designs of wetlands achieving the desired treatment efficiency. SUBWET model was calibrated with experimental wetlands at Delta Barrage. Results showed that 1-m dredging dropped water surface elevations by 22 to 50 cm. Dredging had no significant changes in the backwater zone of Edfina Barrage at the branch end except for the maximum flow case. Simulation of dissolved oxygen and ammonium showed that dredging and treatment improved water quality. Drains’ treatment by constructed wetlands with selected designs was much more effective than dredging.
Making sense of flash drought: definitions, indicators, and where we go from here
Authors:   NOAA/National Integrated Drought Information System, Lisonbee Joel , Woloszyn Molly , Skumanich Marina
Published: February 2021

The topic of “Flash Drought” is rapidly gaining attention within both the research and drought management communities. This literature review aims to synthesize the research to-date and provide a basis for future research on the topic. Specifically, our review is focused on documenting the range of definitions of “flash drought” being proposed in the research community. We found that the term first appeared in the peer-reviewed literature in 2002, and by 2020 has become an area of active research. Within that 18-year span, “flash drought” has been given 29 general descriptions, and 20 papers have provided measurable, defining criteria used to distinguish a flash drought from other drought. Of these papers, 11 distinguish flash drought as a rapid-onset drought event while eight distinguish flash drought as a short-term or short-lived, yet severe, drought event and one paper considers flash drought as both a short-lived and rapid onset event. Of the papers that define a flash drought by its rate of onset, the rate proposed ranges from 5 days to 8 weeks. Currently, there is not a universally accepted definition or criteria for “flash drought,” despite recent research that has called for the research community to adopt the principle of rapid-intensification of drought conditions.
The Relationship between Health Professionals and the Elderly Patient Facing Drug Prescription: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Lefevre Fernando , Teixeira Jorge , Lefevre Ana , Cardozo de Castro Lia , Spínola Aracy
Published: February 2021

Aiming at identifying the relationship between the elderly patient facing drug prescription and health professionals, an exploratory and descriptive study of a qualitative cut was carried out using semi-structured interviews. To this end, the Collective Subject Discourse analysis technique was employed. Thirty elderly patients living in the urban area of Maring (Paran State, Brazil) were sampled. They were interviewed from February 25 to March 22, 1998 and selected from the Co-participatory pharmacy database of the Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Universidade Estadual de Maring . The finding supplied eleven central Collective Subject ideas, with different discourses. The rich material provided by the study allows better understanding of the factual reality of the elderly facing drug prescription and their relationship with health professionals.
Amish Teacher Dialogues with Teacher Educators: Research, Culture, and Voices of Critique
Authors: Zehr Henry , Moss Glenda , Nichols Joe
Published: February 2021

This dialogical project is framed with in critical inquiry methods to bring an Amish teacher’s voice to the fore front. Henry, an Amish middle school teacher, and two university teacher educators in northeastern Indiana collaboratively critiqued educational literature written about the Amish culture from the past 15 years. Building on critical ethnography and narrative methods, the authors used dialogue as a medium for inquiry. The intersubjective, collaborative project democratized the university researchers’ research role and allowed an Amish voice to gain a place in the academic field of research.
Using the Afrocentric Method in Researching Indigenous African Culture
Authors: Mkabela Queeneth
Published: February 2021

The article highlights the realities and dynamics facing researchers researching indigenous African culture. The cultural aspirations, understandings and practices of African indigenous people should position researchers to implement and organise the research process. Suggestions are also made for implementing the Afrocentric method and how to use African indigenous culture as a foundation for the Afrocentric method. The intent of this article is to stimulate enlightened discussion about the definition, mechanisms, and purpose of the Afrocentric method as an appropriate research method for indigenous African culture and how it can be used as a complement to qualitative research methods.
Linking Research Questions to Mixed Methods Data Analysis Procedures 1
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Leech Nancy
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of research questions in mixed methods studies. First, we discuss the ways that the goal of the study, the research objective(s), and the research purpose shape the formation of research questions. Second, we compare and contrast quantitative research questions and qualitative research questions. Third, we describe how to write mixed methods research questions, which we define as questions that embed quantitative and qualitative research questions. Finally, we provide a framework for linking research questions to mixed methods data analysis techniques. A major goal of our framework is to illustrate that the development of research questions and data analysis procedures in mixed method studies should occur logically and sequentially.
Brief Note on the Origins, Evolution, and Meaning of the Qualitative Research Concept Thick Description
Authors: Ponterotto Joseph
Published: February 2021

The origins, cross-disciplinary evolution, and definition of “thick description” are reviewed. Despite its frequent use in the qualitative literature, the concept of “thick description” is often confusing to researchers at all levels. The roots of this confusion are explored and examples of “thick description” are provided. The article closes with guidelines for presenting “thick description” in written reports.
Combining Historical Research and Narrative Inquiry to Create Chronicles and Narratives
Authors: Wilson Richard
Published: February 2021

Stories about the Idaho State Library, chronicles and narratives, are reported in my doctoral dissertation (Wilson, 2005). The chronicles, reconstructed from documents and records, provided a presentation of the people, events, and activities to frame the stories. The narratives, excerpted from interviews, provided the rich description and unique perspectives of the two living State Librarians who directed the agency between 1962 and 2005. The focus of this paper is a presentation and discussion of the use of historical research and narrative inquiry to create chronicles and narratives.
On Becoming a Qualitative Researcher: The Value of Reflexivity
Authors: Watt Diane
Published: February 2021

Learning how to conduct qualitative research may seem daunting for those new to the task, especially given the paradigm ’s emphasis on complexity and emergent design. Although there are guidelines in the literature, each project is unique and ultimately the individual researcher must determine how best to proceed . Reflexivity is thus considered essential, potentially facilitating understanding of both the phenomenon under study and the research process itself . Drawing upon the contents of a reflective journal, the author provides an inside view of a first project, making connections between theory and practice. This personal narrative highlights the value of reflexivity both during and after a study, and may help to demystify the research process for those new to the field.
Immune disorders after combined treatment of obese patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Hromakova I. S. , Sorochan P. P. , Prokhach N. E. , Polozova M. V. , Hromakova I. А.
Published: February 2021

Background. Immune disorders in antitumor treatment of obese patients may depend on the severity of the inflammatory process, which justifies the need to take into account the intensity of the latter in the analysis of complications of antitumor treatment in obese individuals. Purpose – evaluation of immune disorders after radiation therapy in obese patients with different intensity of the inflammatory process.  Materials and methods. 65 patients with stage I–II endometrial cancer underwent pangysterectomy and a postoperative course of remote gamma therapy. Examinations were performed before treatment and after radiation therapy. Subpopulation composition of lymphocytes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, levels of circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins G, A, M were determined by standard methods. The SF-3000 «SYSMEX» analyzer was used to evaluate hematological parameters. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined using an analyzer «RESPONS 910». Insulin and leptin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results and discussion. Immune and hematological parameters were evaluated in 3 groups of patients. Group I included patients with normal body weight (BMI < 25), II and III groups consisted of obese patients (BMI > 30). Group II included patients with a CRP level below the median, which was 18,0 mg/l, group III – patients with a CRP level above 18.0 mg/l. In patients of group II there was a higher absolute and relative number of lymphocytes, the absolute number of CD3+-, CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes compared with those registered in groups I and III. After radiation therapy, the absolute number of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations decreased in all groups. As before treatment, higher levels of these indicators were registered in group II. In obese patients, the relative number of NK cells was lower than that determined in patients of group I before and after treatment. Conclusions. Patients with obesity and low intensity of the inflammatory process have less pronounced immune disorders after radiation therapy compared with patients who had a normal body weight and individuals with obesity and high levels of CRP.
The Effect of Retaliation, Legal Protection, and Financial Incentive on Whistle-Blowing Intention with Organizational Commitment as Moderating Variable
Authors:   Perbanas Institute, Umar Haryono
Published: February 2021

The study aims to empirically examine the variables relationship and the effect of retaliation, legal protection, financial incentives, on whistle-blowing intention with organizational commitment as moderating variable. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data from the employees of banks classified in Book IV, namely PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk., PT Bank Mandiri Tbk., PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk., PT Bank Central Asia Tbk., PT Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk., and PT Bank Panin Tbk. They occupied various position levels and the number of respondents reached 190 persons. Subsequently. The questionnaires were then analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) and processed using the software SmartPLS Version 3.2.9. Based on the analysis results, it shows that retaliation variable has a negative effect on whistle-blowing intention, while legal protection, financial incentives, and organizational commitment have a positive effect on whistle-blowing intention. Organizational commitment can have a positive effect on legal protection and financial incentives on whistle-blowing intentions, while organizational commitment is unable to show a negative effect on whistle-blowing intention.
PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN SISTEM KOMPUTER DI SMK NEGERI 2 KOTABUMI
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: February 2021

Inggris : Collaborative Learning in Sistem Komputer  subject is the core of this study.  The aim of this research is to find out how the effects of applying Collaborative Learning in Computer System Subject at SMK Negeri 2 Kotabumi class TKJ.  The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, the implementation of Collaborative Learning is carried out in several aspects, namely: preparing teaching materials, and learning media, as well as the process of implementing learning in class. The Implementation of collaborative learning as many as 8 meetings.  The research subjects were students of SMK Negeri 2 Kotabumi Class X TKJ 2. The results of observation during learning can be concluded that Collaborative learning can be an alternative in improving the quality of learning.

Indonesia: Pembelajaran kolaboratif dalam mata pelajaran Sistem Komputer adalah inti dari penelitian ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penerapan Pembelajaran Kolaboratif pada Mata Pelajaran Sistem Komputer di SMK Negeri 2 Kotabumi kelas TKJ. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Kolaboratif dilakukan dalam beberapa aspek, yaitu: menyiapkan bahan ajar, dan media pembelajaran, serta proses penerapan pembelajaran di kelas. Implementasi pembelajaran kolaboratif sebanyak 8 pertemuan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X TKJ SMK Negeri 2 Kotabumi 2. Hasil pengamatan selama pembelajaran dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran kolaboratif dapat menjadi alternatif dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran.
Problematika Pembelajaran Daring Mata Kuliah Geometri Transformasi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Berta Dinata Karsoni
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analitis the problems of transformation geometry learning at the semester of the 2019/2020 academic year which are carried out online, then attempt to determine solutions and follow-up online learning based on the results of the evaluation. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The research technique used was a survey technique. The research was carried out on students in semester 4 of the 2019-2020 academic year study program of mathematics education, FKIP Muhammadiyah Kotabumi University in the Transformation Geometry subject with 30 respondents as the object of research. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 9 questions. The conclusions of this study are 1) it is better if lecturers in online learning use an application that is agreed upon at the beginning of the lecture and is easily accessible to students, 2) it is better if you prepare learning media / materials in the form of digital learning videos that can be accessed via YouTube, WhatsApp, or Instagram. etc., 3) uploading the syllabus, RPS, and material in the learning application, 4) providing lecture information must still be through the learning application and also shared via the WhatsApp Group, 5) providing a grace period for submitting assignments, 6) Continuing to carry out formative and diagnostic assessments for get feedback and return the results of UTS and UAS to Students.
PENGARUH PROFESIONALISME GURU DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII
Authors: Muinah Muinah
Published: February 2021

This research aimed at knowing the influence of teacher’s profesionalisme and learning motivation and both of them toward students’ mathematic learning achievement at the seventh grade. The research population was all of the seventh grade of SMP Islam Terpadu Insan Robbani Kotabumi consisting of 3 class and 105 students. The sampel was a class wich consist of 35 studen that taken by using cluster random sampling and gotten VIIB as sampel class. Data collecting technique was done using a questionnaire for the teacher’s profesionalisme level and learning motivation data, while a test was used to measure the data of students’ mathematic learning achievement. Furthermore, the items analysis was done using validity, reliability, and discrimination power. Meanwhile, Hypotheses test was done using product moment and regression formula. The reserach resultshows that: 1) Teacher’s profesionalisme gives positive and significant influence on students’ mathematic learning achievement. 2) The learning motivation alsogives positive and significant influence on their mathematic learning achievement. 3) Teacher’s profesionalisme and learning motivation give positive and significant influence on students’ mathematic learning achievement.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis
Authors: Darwanto Darwanto
Published: February 2021

Facing the era of disruption that is happening right now, learning done for students must lead to the development of higher-order thinking skills. This abilityis one of the provisions for participants to face competition in the future. Mathematical creative thinking ability is one of the higher order thinking abilities in mathematical ability.
Building with landscape
Authors: Van der Velde Rene , Pouderoijen Michiel , Van Bergen Janneke , Bobbink Inge , Van Loon Frits , Piccinini Denise , Jauslin Daniel
Published: February 2021

The multi-dimensionality of BwN calls for the incorporation of ‘designerly ways of knowing and doing’ from other fields involved in this new trans-disciplinary approach. The transition out of a focus on rational design paradigms towards reflective design paradigms such as those employed in the spatial design disciplines may be a first step in this process. By extension, the knowledge base and design methodologies of BwN may be critically expanded by drawing on ways of knowing and doing in spatial design disciplines such as landscape architecture, which elaborates the agency of the term ‘landscape’ as counterpart to the term ‘nature’. Operative perspectives and related methodologies in this discipline such as perception, anamnesis, multi-scalar thinking, and process design resonate with specific themes in the BwN approach such as design of/with natural processes, integration of functions or layers in the territory and the connection of engineering works to human-social contexts. A series of installations realised for the Oerol festival on the island of Terschelling between 2011 and 2018 serve as case studies to elaborate potential transfers and thematic elaborations towards BwN. In these projects inter-disciplinary teams of students, researchers and lecturers developed temporary landscape installations in a coastal landscape setting. Themes emerging from these project include ‘mapping coastal landscapes as complex natures’, ‘mapping as design-generative device’, ‘crowd-mapping’, ‘people-place relationships’, ‘co-creation’, ‘narrating coastal landscapes’, ‘public interaction’ and ‘aesthetic experience’. Specific aspects of these themes relevant to the knowledge base and methodologies of BwN, include integration of sites and their contexts through descriptive and projective mappings, understanding the various spatial and temporal scales of a territory as complex natures, and the integration of collective narratives and aesthetic experiences of coastal infrastructures in the design process, via reflective dialogues.