bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Structural Disorder on the Photoluminescence Properties of Eu3+ Doped Red Phosphors: Ca2Y3‐xNb3O14: xEu3+
Authors: Sreena Ms. T. S. , Rao P. Prabhakar , Raj Ms. Athira K. V. , Babu Ms. Parvathi S
Published: August 2016

Eu3+ doped pyrochlore type red phosphors, Ca2Y3‐xNb3O14 were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction route. The Eu3+ incorporation induces structural disorder in the lattice reducing the pyrochlore D3d symmetry as evidenced by the diminishing of characteristic superlattice peak (111) in the XRD pattern and the absence of 5D0 ‐7F1 MD transition splitting. Rietveld refinement and Raman analysis corroborate the presence of Eu3+ ion on the B site for lower concentrations attributing to the structural disorder. The variation of Eu3+ ion coordination is further confirmed by the shift in the position of charge transfer band to a lower energy for higher concentrations. The preferential occupation of Eu3+ ions on the B site conduces a higher coordination more than VI with disordered environment allowing forced electric dipole transitions. The abrupt change of 5D0 ‐7F0 and 5D0 ‐7F2 life times at higher concentrations (x=1.25) further confirms the decrease in symmetry of Eu3+ ions to the pyrochlore D3d symmetry. These phosphors emit intense red light due to forbidden electric dipole transition with more Stark splitting indicating the low symmetry of Eu3+ ions in the host. The Judd‐Ofelt intensity parameters ΩJ supports the site symmetry and luminescence behavior of Eu3+ ions in the host. The disordered environment with special coordination of Eu3+ ions allows improved quantum efficiency (η=34 %) and CIE color coordinates (0.61, 0.38).
Donor‐Acceptor Substituted 2‐Phenylpyridines by Means of Reductive C,C–Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Triller Sebastian , Dittmann Tim , Bendig Mareike , Schnelle Jan , Friedmann Tom , Heck Jürgen
Published: August 2016

The preparation of 2‐phenylpyridines decorated with an electron donating and accepting unit, which are potentially suitable to induce second harmonic generation, was performed by means of reductive nickel catalyzed C,C‐cross coupling reaction, developed by Gosmini et. al. We were successful to obtain the desired 2‐phenylpyridines directly from donor‐functionalized arylhalides and acceptor‐modified 2‐halopyridines with a cheap and easy to prepare Ni catalyst. It turned out that even the presence of hydroxy groups and carboxylic acids are tolerated in this reaction, whereas in the case of a formyl group containing pyridine substrate no C,C‐coupled product was obtained. However, the coupling was successful when the formyl function was protected by an acetal formation.
International expansion through start‐up or acquisition: A replication
Authors: Tsang Eric W. K. , Yamanoi Junichi
Published: August 2016

Research summary: We use a sample of Singapore firms to replicate Barkema and Vermeulen's (1998) study of international expansion through start‐ups or acquisitions by Dutch firms. We discover that the authors misinterpreted the regression coefficients for hypothesis testing and only two of their four hypotheses were actually tested. For these two hypotheses, one is not supported in either their study or ours, while the other is supported in their study but not ours. For the remaining two hypotheses we find support for one of them, which is concerned with the curvilinear effect of product diversity on the mode of expansion. In sum, the original study claims that all four hypotheses are supported, whereas only one is supported in the replication. More specifically, the former results, including the effects of the independent and control variables, are largely not generalizable to the latter.

Managerial summary: Barkema and Vermeulen's (1998) study investigates the international expansion by Dutch firms during the period from 1966 to 1994. Their results indicate that whether a firm expands through setting up a greenfield operation or acquiring an existing operation is affected by the diversity of the firm's product lines, the diversity of the countries to which it has expanded, and how far the expansion is related to its existing business. We replicate their study using a sample of Singapore firms for the period from 1980 to 2000. Our results show only an effect of a firm's product diversity on its mode of international expansion. Our study clearly indicates the risk of drawing managerial implications from the results of a single study. More replication studies are needed for establishing a solid theoretical foundation to inform management decisions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of context and model choice on the determinants of strategic alliance formation: Evidence from a staged replication study
Authors: Ghosh Anindya , Ranganathan Ram , Rosenkopf Lori
Published: August 2016

Research summary: Endogenous characteristics of alliance network structure have repeatedly been shown to predict future alliance ties in the strategic management literature. Specifically, the concepts and measures of relational, structural, and positional embeddedness (per Gulati and Gargiulo, 1999), as well as interdependence, are foundational for many studies. We explore these determinants of alliance formation by replicating the baseline analyses of Ahuja, Polidoro, and Mitchell's, 2009 SMJ article. We examine the impact of empirical choices with respect to time period, underlying data generating model, and industry by isolating each effect in turn. We demonstrate that while geographic similarity and product‐market similarity each robustly predict the interdependence effect, the effects of both technological similarity as well as the embeddedness predictors are sensitive to context and/or method.

Managerial summary: Our examination of alliance formation in the chemical and semiconductor industries during the 1990s demonstrates how new alliances may be predicted by both the technical, geographic, and product‐market fit of potential partners as well as characteristics of each partner's previous network participation. Comparing our results to an earlier study, we find that geographic and product‐market similarity predict alliance formation across both industries and time frames while prior ties between partners predict alliance formation only when these industries are less mature. Other network participation indicators generate nuanced effects, which underscore the importance of quasi‐replications of alliance formation across industries and time periods in building evidence‐based management theories. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Friends or strangers? It all depends on context: A replication and extension of Beckman, Haunschild, and Phillips (2004)
Authors: Howard Michael D. , Withers Michael C. , Carnes Christina Matz , Hillman Amy J.
Published: August 2016

Research summary: The formation of interorganizational ties is a consequential phenomenon examined in strategic management research. Beckman, Haunschild, and Phillips (2004) is one of the first studies to comprehensively consider interorganizational network change by exploring factors that affect both alliance and board interlock formation. They find that firm‐specific uncertainty relates to broadening actions, whereas market‐level uncertainty causes firms to reinforce current structures. Our replication considers whether these relationships operate similarly in a differing temporal context. Building from the framework of the original study, we suggest our findings offer intriguing new empirical evidence highlighting the importance of time as a boundary condition in understanding embedded firm actions.

Managerial summary: The development of interorganizational relationships, such as alliances and ties between boards of directors, has an important impact on innovation, strategic actions, and firm performance. This study examines whether the dynamics of interorganizational relationship formation remain consistent over time. We replicate earlier work by Beckman and colleagues (2004), but with an expanded data set covering more than 20 years. Over this broader time horizon, we find a shift in behavior, with companies facing firm‐specific uncertainty seeking to reinforce their current relationships and companies facing industry‐wide uncertainty seeking to diversify their risk by expanding their network. Our results demonstrate the importance of replication studies in research and contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the complexity surrounding interorganizational relationships. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Dozen Heads Are Better Than One: Collaborative Writing in Genre‐Based Pedagogy
Authors: Caplan Nigel A. , Farling Monica
Published: August 2016

Organizing writing instruction around genres rather than rhetorical modes can be a highly effective and engaging preparation for students' academic and professional writing needs. The teaching/learning cycle (TLC) is a highly scaffolded curriculum model for teaching target written genres. In the TLC, the organization of and linguistic choices in a genre are made explicit to learners through analysis of mentor texts (deconstruction), following which teachers and students together compose a new text in the target genre (joint construction), and only then do students write their own texts (independent construction). The authors describe how they implemented the TLC in a high‐intermediate intensive course in English as a second language by redesigning traditional five‐paragraph essay assignments into meaningful genre instruction. Examples discussed include online product reviews, professional emails, and restaurant reviews. The key stage of the TLC, teacher‐led, whole‐class collaborative writing, is shown to promote the development of language and writing skills by making linguistic, rhetorical, and strategic choices visible. As a result, students appear to internalize language they have negotiated in the joint construction and transfer their learning to subsequent independent writing. The authors conclude with implications of genre‐based pedagogy for writing instruction in different educational contexts.
Historical developments of models for estimating evaporation using standard meteorological data
Authors: McMahon T. A. , Finlayson B. L. , Peel M. C.
Published: August 2016

Evaporation plays a key role in the hydrology of a catchment. World‐wide actual terrestrial evaporation is approximately two third of terrestrial precipitation. Evaporation is the focus of this study in which we describe the historical developments of models for estimating evaporation from standard meteorological data. Although Aristotle and Descartes made early contributions to understanding evaporation, Perrault is credited with having made the first experimental measurement of evaporation in about 1674 though in fact what he measured was sublimation by recording the loss of weight of a block of ice through time. In 1686, Halley carried out the first direct measurement of the evaporation of liquid water. Following a detailed set of experiments, Dalton in 1802 published an essay describing the relationship between evaporation, vapor pressure deficit, and wind speed which is the forerunner of the mass‐transfer equation to estimate open‐water evaporation. In 1921, Cummings proposed an approximate energy balance equation which in 1948 Penman combined with a mass‐transfer equation based on Dalton's work to develop the Penman equation. A key input was the Bowen ratio published in 1926. Following Penman, the next major development was by Monteith in 1965. He modified Penman's equation for a single leaf to deal with a canopy which led to the Penman–Monteith model and is the basis of the FAO56 Reference Crop model. Priestley and Taylor introduced their model in 1972, which is based on the energy term in Penman's equation, and underpins other models. The application of the Complementary Relationship to estimating regional evaporation is credited separately to Brutsaert and Stricker and to Morton. Budyko offered two important contributions. First, he developed a potential evaporation equation in which the evaporating surface temperature was estimated by iteration, whereas Penman approximated a value from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Budyko's second contribution is a simple relationship to estimate runoff and, in turn, mean actual evaporation. WIREs Water 2016, 3:788–818. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1172

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Methods
Reliable and lightning‐safe monitoring of wind turbine rotor blades using optically powered sensors
Authors: Worms K. , Klamouris C. , Wegh F. , Meder L. , Volkmer D. , Philipps S. P. , Reichmuth S. K. , Helmers H. , Kunadt A. , Vourvoulakis J. , Bett A. W. , Koos C. , Freude W. , Leuthold J. , Stork W.
Published: August 2016

Blade condition monitoring systems with fiber‐optic sensors attract much attention because they are resistant to lightning strikes, a major issue with increasing blade lengths. However, fiber‐optic sensor systems are more complex and more expensive than their electronic counterparts. We describe a new blade condition monitoring system, which combines the lightning safety of optical fibers with the reliability and cost‐effectiveness of electronic sensors. The optical fibers transport data from the blades to the hub, and in addition, they provide the electrical power for operating the sensor units in the blades. To achieve full protection against lightning‐induced electromagnetic fields, an appropriate shielding of the sensor units is required. We present results on the reliability of a newly developed prototype based on optically powered sensors. In a field trial, the unit monitored successfully the blade vibrations of a 1.5 MW wind turbine for a period of 23 months. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescent Properties of Silver(I) Complexes based on Diphosphine Ligands and 2,9‐Dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Cui Yang‐Zhe , Yuan Yuan , Han Hong‐Liang , Li Zhong‐Feng , Liu Min , Jin Qiong‐Hua , Yang Yu‐Ping , Zhang Zhen‐Wei
Published: August 2016

Five mono‐nuclear silver(I) complexes with the ligand 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, namely [Ag(DPEphos)(dmp)]BF4 (1), [Ag(DPEphos)(dmp)]CF3SO3 (2), [Ag(DPEphos)(dmp)]ClO4 (3), [Ag(DPEphos)(dmp)]NO3 (4), and [Ag(dppb)(dmp)]NO3·CH3OH (5) {DPEphos = bis[2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl]ether, dppb = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene, dmp = 2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline} were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Their terahertz (THz) time‐domain spectra were also studied. In these complexes the silver(I), which is coordinated by two kinds of chelating ligands, adopts four‐coordinate modes to generate mono‐nuclear structures. In complexes 1, 3–5, offset π···π weak interactions exist between the neighboring benzene rings. In the 31P NMR spectra, there exist splitting signals (dd), which can be attributed to the coupling of the 107,109Ag–31P. All the emission peaks of these complexes are attributed to ligand‐centered excited states.
Divalent Metal 2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxylate Coordination Polymers with the Conformationally Flexible Bis(4‐pyridyl­formyl)homopiperazine Ligand
Authors: Sample Alexander D. , LaDuca Robert L.
Published: August 2016

Divalent metal coordination polymers containing the rigid 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc) ligand and the conformationally flexible dipyridylamide ligand bis(4‐pyridylformyl)homopiperazine (bpfh) show different layer topologies and chirality. As determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, {[Cd(tdc)(bpfh)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (1) shows a twofold parallel interpenetrated centrosymmetric (4,4) layered grid structure. {[Zn(tdc)(bpfh)]·H2O}n (2) exhibits a similar system of twofold interpenetrated (4,4) grid‐like layers, but in contrast to 1, it crystallizes in an acentric space group. {[Ni2(tdc)2(bpfh)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (3) possesses {Ni2(μ‐H2O)(OCO)2} dimeric units connected into a doubled layer motif by the full span of the tdc and bpfh ligands. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling is observed within the dimeric units in 3 [g = 2.172(6) and J = –0.79(1) cm–1]. Compounds 1 and 2 undergo blue‐violet fluorescence upon ultraviolet irradiation; the cadmium derivative 1 shows potential as a sensor for the solution‐phase detection of nitrobenzene although coordination polymer exfoliation likely occurs. Thermal decomposition behavior of the three new phases is also discussed.
Alpha‐Lipoic Acid Alleviates Acute Inflammation and Promotes Lipid Mobilization During the Inflammatory Response in White Adipose Tissue of Mice
Authors: Guo Jun , Gao Shixing , Liu Zhiqing , Zhao Ruqian , Yang Xiaojing
Published: August 2016

Recently, white adipose tissue has been shown to exhibit immunological activity, and may play an important role in host defense and protection against bacterial infection. Αlpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) has been demonstrated to function as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant agent. However, its influence on the inflammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue remains unknown. We used male C57BL/6 mice as models to study the effect of α‐LA on the inflammatory response and metabolic changes in white adipose tissue after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The non‐esterified fatty acid content was measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of inflammation‐, lipid‐ and energy metabolism‐related genes and proteins was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results indicated that α‐LA significantly decreased the epididymis fat weight index and the non‐esterified fatty acid content in plasma compared with the control group. LPS significantly increased the expression of inflammation genes and α‐LA reduced their expression. The LPS‐induced expression of nuclear factor‐κB protein was decreased by α‐LA. Regarding lipid metabolism, α‐LA significantly counteracted the inhibitory effects of LPS on the expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase gene and protein. α‐LA evidently increased the gene expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 and cluster of differentiation 36. Regarding energy metabolism, α‐LA significantly increased the expression of most of mitochondrial DNA‐encoded genes compared with the control and LPS group. Accordingly, α‐LA can alleviate acute inflammatory response and this action may be related with the promotion of lipid mobilization in white adipose tissue.
Premigration School Quality, Time Spent in the United States, and the Math Achievement of Immigrant High School Students
Authors: Bozick Robert , Malchiodi Alessandro , Miller Trey
Published: August 2016

Using a nationally representative sample of 1,189 immigrant youth in American high schools, we examine whether the quality of education in their country of origin is related to post-migration math achievement in the 9th grade. To measure the quality of their education in the country of origin, we use country-specific average test scores from two international assessments: the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). We find that the average PISA or TIMSS scores for immigrant youth’s country of origin are positively associated with their performance on the 9th grade post-migration math assessment. We also find that each year spent in the United States is positively associated with performance on the 9th grade post-migration math assessment, but this effect is strongest for immigrants from countries with low PISA/TIMSS scores.
Foreword to the special issue of Korean lexicography
Authors: Jeong Young-kuk
Published: August 2016

**ABS**
Faunal turnover in the Azraq Basin, eastern Jordan 28,000 to 9000 cal yr BP, signalling climate change and human impact
Authors: Martin Louise , Edwards Yvonne H. , Roe Joe , Garrard Andrew
Published: August 2016

Recent zooarchaeological analyses of game exploitation in the Epipalaeolithic of the Southern Levant identify a decline in large game in the Natufian, with corresponding increase in small prey, interpreted as hunting pressure driven by population expansion. To date, studies focus on the Mediterranean zone. This paper adopts similar approaches to examine Epipalaeolithic to Neolithic faunal data from 16 sites in the steppic Jordanian Azraq Basin. Results here reveal very different trends. Large game, mainly equids, fluctuate throughout the Epipalaeolithic, due to climatic conditions and available water/vegetation. Cattle thrive in the Azraq oasis, showing no decline in the Late Epipalaeolithic. Gazelle exploitation is predominant and sustainable throughout the Epipalaeolithic, even at Kharaneh IV and Wadi Jilat 6 ‘megasites’. However, PPNB assemblages from the limestone steppe show intensive game exploitation resulting from longer-stay settlement. The focused gazelle-hunting camp at Dhuweila in the basalt desert also shows pressure from indiscriminate culling impacting herd demography, interpreted as providing meat for onwards exchange. Human impacts on steppe fauna appear both local and in many cases short-term, unlike the large-game suppression reported from west of the Rift Valley. Resource pressures and game over-kill, whether population-driven or otherwise, are not currently apparent east of the Jordan River.
Variation on cranidial shape ofParabolinella argentinensisKobayashi (Trilobita, Olenidae) from the Tremadocian of northwestern Argentina: taxonomic implications
Authors: Monti Daniela S. , Benítez María del Huerto , Ramirez Mariano A.
Published: August 2016

The late Cambrian-Early Ordovician sequences of the Cordillera Oriental in northwestern Argentina are extensive and highly fossiliferous. The olenid trilobiteParabolinella argentinensisKobayashi sensu Harrington and Leanza, 1957 was reported from a great number of Tremadocian localities and includes a wide range of morphologies. Based on specimens collected from the type locality (Purmamarca, Jujuy) and the quebrada Moya (Huacalera, Jujuy), as well as on material of the Harrington and Leanza collections in the University of Buenos Aires, classic morphometry and geometric morphometry methods were used to evaluate the variability in the cranidium ofP.argentinensis. The results obtained from the two methodologies are similar. Both analyses allowed the review of the diagnosis ofP.argentinensis, and the distinction of two new morphologies:Parabolinella clarisaen. sp. andParabolinella pompadourisn. sp. The results show how morphogeometrics distinguishes more clearly the three morphotypes and provides graphical representations of the differences between those groups and how from the representations plus the correlation between classical variables and principal components, new diagnostic characters that distinguish the three morphospecies, can be identified.
FREE AMALGAMATION AND AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS
Authors: BAUDISCH ANDREAS
Published: August 2016

We show that the class of graded c-nilpotent Lie algebras over a fixed field K is closed under free amalgamation. In [1] this result was applied, but its proof was incorrect. In case of a finite field K we obtain a Fraïssé limit of all finite graded c-nilpotent Lie algebras over K. This gives an example for the following more general considerations. The existence of free amalgamation for the age of a Fraïssé limit implies the universality of its automorphism group for all automorphism groups of substructures of that Fraïssé limit. We use [6] and [5].
DEFORMATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL ARCS
Authors: BOURQUI DAVID , SEBAG JULIEN
Published: August 2016

Let$k$be field of characteristic zero. Let$f\in k[X,Y]$be a nonconstant polynomial. We prove that the space of differential (formal) deformations of any formal general solution of the associated ordinary differential equation$f(y^{\prime },y)=0$is isomorphic to the formal disc$\text{Spf}(k[[Z]])$.
TOO MUCH THEOLOGY: A TEXTUAL PROBLEM IN OLYMPIODORUS' PROLEGOMENA 9.10-12 AND ITS SOLUTION
Authors: Gertz S.R.P.
Published: August 2016

In the Neoplatonic schools, introductions to logic, and the Categories in particular, would begin with a list of ten different questions relating to Aristotle's philosophy and his ideal interpreter and student. Olympiodorus' own introduction to logic (the Prolegomena) follows this pattern; he expands on the remarks of his own teacher Ammonius of Alexandria, and closely models his discussion on his predecessor's work. In the standard list of ten questions that must be discussed in an introductory philosophy course, the third relates to the subject with which the student is to start his or her philosophical education. Which of logic, ethics, natural science and mathematics is the proper starting-point for philosophy?
ContestingClementia: the Rhetoric ofSeveritasin Tiberian Rome before and after the Trial of Clutorius Priscus
Authors: Cowan Eleanor
Published: August 2016

This article examines a discussion about punishment which took place in Tiberian Rome. Shouldclementiaorseveritasinform the decisions of the judges and what was the proper relationship between the authority of the senate and theclementiaof the princeps? My argument has five parts. I begin (I) by examiningclementiaandseveritasin the work of Velleius Paterculus. I next (II) examine Velleius’ presentation of Tiberius as a figure who adjudicates punishment in his community. I then (III and IV) argue that Velleius’ ideas were the product of and sought to contribute to controversy about the ownership and use ofclementiawhich can be tracked though Tiberius’ principate. Finally (V), I suggest that Tacitus made use of the rhetoric ofclementiaandseveritascurrent in Tiberian Rome and that it influenced his reading ofsaevitiaunder the principate.
Investigation of ion characteristics in CO2laser irradiating preformed tin-droplet plasma
Authors: Chen Z. , Wang X. , Zuo D. , Wang J.
Published: August 2016

Comparative study of CO2laser-produced tin-droplet plasma with and without pre-pulse laser has been presented. A pre-pulse laser and the CO2laser was combined and focused to tin-droplet with a diameter of 180 µm. The emitted Sn ions were detected by several Faraday cups to obtain angular distribution of ions in the laser-produced tin-droplet plasma. The influence of pre-pulse laser energy and delay time between pumping laser and pre-pulse laser on the ion characteristics was investigated. It is illustrated that ion average kinetic energy from CO2laser-produced plasma (LPP) can be reduced when the tin-droplet target has been replaced by the preformed Sn plasma. The obtained optimal delay time with the lowest ion average kinetic energy is about hundreds of nanoseconds. The ion time-of-flight spectra show a twin peak structure in laser-irradiating preformed Sn plasma. And a superimposed Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) distribution is proposed to describe this twin peak ion time-of-flight spectra. The fitting results quite agree with the raw ion time-of-flight spectra in current experiment. Then, the fitted plasma temperatures and mass-center velocities with various delay times in laser-irradiating preformed plasma are obtained, and the fitted plasma temperatures can be comparable with ion average kinetic energy in double-pulse LPP, which justified the rationality using this superimposed MB distribution.
Delirium prior to dementia as a clinical phenotype of Lewy body disease: an autopsied case report
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Kawakami Ito , Oshima Kenichi , Niizato Kazuhiro , Iritani Shuji
Published: August 2016

Although delirium shares clinical characteristics with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), there is limited information regarding the relationship between delirium and Lewy body pathology. Here, we report an 89-year-old Japanese woman with an episode of delirium who was pathologically confirmed to have limbic-type Lewy body disease (LBD). Although she exhibited transient visual hallucinations during the delirium, she had no overt dementia. She developed no core clinical features of DLB and died of pneumonia at the age of 90 years. This autopsied case suggests that delirium may be one of the clinical phenotypes of LBD prior to the onset of dementia.
Automatization in second language sentence processing: Relationship between elicited imitation and maze tasks
Authors: SUZUKI YUICHI , SUNADA MIDORI
Published: August 2016

The present study investigates the automatization of second language (L2) sentence processing. It compares the extent to which a mere speedup (faster execution) and restructuring (more stable execution) of sentence processing contribute to L2 oral performance. The maze task is used to measure the speed (reaction time, RT) and processing stability (coefficient of variance, CV) of sentence processing. The elicited imitation (EI) task measures L2 oral proficiency (repetition accuracy and accuracy in plural and third person s). These tasks were performed by 110 English-as-a-foreign-language learners with Japanese as their L1. The results show that only RT, not CV, significantly predicts L2 oral proficiency. Even though a subgroup of learners, who previously stayed in an English-speaking country, demonstrated some indications of automatization, RT was a better predictor of L2 oral proficiency than CV, irrespective of immersion experience. These findings suggest that CV has little practical value in predicting L2 oral proficiency.
THE POLONAISE AND MAZURKA IN MID-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY DRESDEN: STYLE AND STRUCTURE IN THE MUSIC OF JOHANN CHRISTIAN ROELLIG
Authors: SPRINGTHORPE NIGEL
Published: August 2016

While recent studies have explored the significance of the Polish style in the music of Georg Philipp Telemann and Johann Sebastian Bach, and the importance of Polish dances in Dresden has long been recognized, the eighteenth-century German polonaise remains a largely neglected area of inquiry. The restoration of the library of the Singakademie zu Berlin in 2000 has made it possible to explore an important collection of mostlyunicasources of music by Saxon composers fromc1740 to 1763 amassed by the Meissen porcelain mosaic artist Carl Jacob Christian Klipfel (1727–1802). Klipfel's collection includes music by Johann Christian Roellig (born 1716), possibly the most prolific composer of polonaises in Dresden during this period and one of the earliest German composers to writemazurs(mazurkas) in instrumental works. The first-hand knowledge of the Polish style that musicians employed by the Saxon electoral court and Count von Brühl gained as a result of frequent journeys to Warsaw resulted in Dresden polonaises that are relatively un-‘Germanized’. This article examines the social and musical contexts of the polonaise in mid-eighteenth-century Dresden, including the repertoire of the annualRedouten(masked balls), then examines the polonaises and mazurkas of Roellig and his contemporaries, including Johann Georg Knechtel, Georg Gebel and Gottlob Harrer. A survey of the use of the polonaise inRedoutentänze, symphonies and partitas reveals significant differences in style and structure between these genres.
C. P. E. BACH ‘IN TORMENTIS’: GOUT PAIN AND BODY LANGUAGE IN THE FANTASIA IN A MAJOR, h278 (1782)
Authors: HEAD MATTHEW
Published: August 2016

In his Magazin der Musik, Carl Friedrich Cramer reported that C. P. E. Bach's Fantasia in A major, h278 (1782), was composed during the agonies of gout. Tapping into a reported epidemic of this patrician malady among men of letters, Cramer's anecdote invoked rich associations of sequestered suffering, withdrawal from public life, the pleasures of the table, genius, sexual (im)potency and humour. Reflecting contemporary nerve-based theories of sensation, Cramer aligned different types of physical and mental pain with specific musical gestures. In so doing, he did more than indulge his hermeneutic imagination: he suggested a connection between Bach's solo keyboard music and the experience of embodiment. The seemingly abstract gestures of improvisation were linked dialectically to the corporeal. Behind the specifics of Cramer's reading is a conviction that this kind of music ‘knows’ about the body, as well as the mind, and that it moves between gestures suggestive of thinking, speaking, feeling and corporeal sensation. Analysis of the fantasia, and Bach's letters, supports Cramer's reading.
MOZART'S BAWDY CANONS, VULGARITY AND DEBAUCHERY AT THE WIEDNERTHEATER
Authors: BUCH DAVID J.
Published: August 2016

Mozart's bawdy canons and use of scatalogical parlance in his letters have been described as indicative of a personality given to crass expression. Moreover, his association with Emanuel Schikaneder's supposedly dissolute Theater auf der Wieden, a boisterous venue for German stage works, has been taken as further evidence of his profligate tendencies. A review of the original source materials reveals that these views are apocryphal, originating after Mozart's death and embellished in nineteenth-century commentary and scholarship. Examples of even raunchier canons, composed by musicians with connections to Mozart, Schikaneder and the Theater auf der Wieden, provide new insight into the genre. An examination of surviving bawdy Viennese canons in their social context, together with a reconsideration of the Mozart family letters and attitudes toward vulgarity in Viennese popular theatre, reveals that lewd expressions on the stage were relatively uncommon in this period, that Mozart's use of scatalogical language was relatively mild for the time and that accounts of the composer's debauchery in his last years have little evidentiary basis.
miR-625-3p regulates oxaliplatin resistance by targeting MAP2K6-p38 signalling in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Rasmussen Mads Heilskov , Lyskjær Iben , Jersie-Christensen Rosa Rakownikow , Tarpgaard Line Schmidt , Primdal-Bengtson Bjarke , Nielsen Morten Muhlig , Pedersen Jakob Skou , Hansen Tine Plato , Hansen Flemming , Olsen Jesper Velgaard , Pfeiffer Per , Ørntoft Torben Falck , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg
Published: August 2016

Oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancers (CRC) is a major medical problem, and predictive markers are urgently needed. Recently, miR-625-3p was reported as a promising predictive marker. Herein, we show that miR-625-3p functionally induces oxaliplatin resistance in CRC cells, and identify the signalling networks affected by miR-625-3p. We show that the p38 MAPK activator MAP2K6 is a direct target of miR-625-3p, and, accordingly, is downregulated in non-responder patients of oxaliplatin therapy. miR-625-3p-mediated resistance is reversed by anti-miR-625-3p treatment and ectopic expression of a miR-625-3p insensitive MAP2K6 variant. In addition, reduction of p38 signalling by using siRNAs, chemical inhibitors or expression of a dominant-negative MAP2K6 protein induces resistance to oxaliplatin. Transcriptome, proteome and phosphoproteome profiles confirm inactivation of MAP2K6-p38 signalling as one likely mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance. Our study shows that miR-625-3p induces oxaliplatin resistance by abrogating MAP2K6-p38-regulated apoptosis and cell cycle control networks, and corroborates the predictive power of miR-625-3p.
Free-electron creation at the 60° twin boundary in Bi2Te3
Authors: Kim Kwang-Chon , Lee Joohwi , Kim Byung Kyu , Choi Won Young , Chang Hye Jung , Won Sung Ok , Kwon Beomjin , Kim Seong Keun , Hyun Dow-Bin , Kim Hyun Jae , Koo Hyun Cheol , Choi Jung-Hae , Kim Dong-Ik , Kim Jin-Sang , Baek Seung-Hyub
Published: August 2016

Interfaces, such as grain boundaries in a solid material, are excellent regions to explore novel properties that emerge as the result of local symmetry-breaking. For instance, at the interface of a layered-chalcogenide material, the potential reconfiguration of the atoms at the boundaries can lead to a significant modification of the electronic properties because of their complex atomic bonding structure. Here, we report the experimental observation of an electron source at 60° twin boundaries in Bi2Te3, a representative layered-chalcogenide material. First-principles calculations reveal that the modification of the interatomic distance at the 60° twin boundary to accommodate structural misfits can alter the electronic structure of Bi2Te3. The change in the electronic structure generates occupied states within the original bandgap in a favourable condition to create carriers and enlarges the density-of-states near the conduction band minimum. The present work provides insight into the various transport behaviours of thermoelectrics and topological insulators.
Ovarian fluid allows directional cryptic female choice despite external fertilization
Authors: Alonzo Suzanne H. , Stiver Kelly A. , Marsh-Rollo Susan E.
Published: August 2016

In species with internal fertilization, females can favour certain males over others, not only before mating but also within the female’s reproductive tract after mating. Here, we ask whether such directional post-mating (that is, cryptic) female mate choice can also occur in species with external fertilization. Using an in vitro sperm competition experiment, we demonstrate that female ovarian fluid (ovarian fluid) changes the outcome of sperm competition by decreasing the importance of sperm number thereby increasing the relative importance of sperm velocity. We further show that ovarian fluid does not differentially affect sperm from alternative male phenotypes, but generally enhances sperm velocity, motility, straightness and chemoattraction. Under natural conditions, female ovarian fluid likely increases the paternity of the preferred parental male phenotype, as these males release fewer but faster sperm. These results imply females have greater control over fertilization and potential to exert selection on males in species with external fertilization than previously thought possible.
Fishing down nutrients on coral reefs
Authors: Allgeier Jacob E. , Valdivia Abel , Cox Courtney , Layman Craig A.
Published: August 2016

Fishing is widely considered a leading cause of biodiversity loss in marine environments, but the potential effect on ecosystem processes, such as nutrient fluxes, is less explored. Here, we test how fishing on Caribbean coral reefs influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions provided by the fish community, that is, fish-mediated nutrient capacity. Specifically, we modelled five processes of nutrient storage (in biomass) and supply (via excretion) of nutrients, as well as a measure of their multifunctionality, onto 143 species of coral reef fishes across 110 coral reef fish communities. These communities span a gradient from extreme fishing pressure to protected areas with little to no fishing. We find that in fished sites fish-mediated nutrient capacity is reduced almost 50%, despite no substantial changes in the number of species. Instead, changes in community size and trophic structure were the primary cause of shifts in ecosystem function. These findings suggest that a broader perspective that incorporates predictable impacts of fishing pressure on ecosystem function is imperative for effective coral reef conservation and management.
Predicting non-small cell lung cancer prognosis by fully automated microscopic pathology image features
Authors: Yu Kun-Hsing , Zhang Ce , Berry Gerald J. , Altman Russ B. , Ré Christopher , Rubin Daniel L. , Snyder Michael
Published: August 2016

Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and histopathological assessment is indispensable for its diagnosis. However, human evaluation of pathology slides cannot accurately predict patients’ prognoses. In this study, we obtain 2,186 haematoxylin and eosin stained histopathology whole-slide images of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and 294 additional images from Stanford Tissue Microarray (TMA) Database. We extract 9,879 quantitative image features and use regularized machine-learning methods to select the top features and to distinguish shorter-term survivors from longer-term survivors with stage I adenocarcinoma (P<0.003) or squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.023) in the TCGA data set. We validate the survival prediction framework with the TMA cohort (P<0.036 for both tumour types). Our results suggest that automatically derived image features can predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients and thereby contribute to precision oncology. Our methods are extensible to histopathology images of other organs.
Self-mapping the longitudinal field structure of a nonlinear plasma accelerator cavity
Authors: Clayton C. E. , Adli E. , Allen J. , An W. , Clarke C. I. , Corde S. , Frederico J. , Gessner S. , Green S. Z. , Hogan M. J. , Joshi C. , Litos M. , Lu W. , Marsh K. A. , Mori W. B. , Vafaei-Najafabadi N. , Xu X. , Yakimenko V.
Published: August 2016

The preservation of emittance of the accelerating beam is the next challenge for plasma-based accelerators envisioned for future light sources and colliders. The field structure of a highly nonlinear plasma wake is potentially suitable for this purpose but has not been yet measured. Here we show that the longitudinal variation of the fields in a nonlinear plasma wakefield accelerator cavity produced by a relativistic electron bunch can be mapped using the bunch itself as a probe. We find that, for much of the cavity that is devoid of plasma electrons, the transverse force is constant longitudinally to within ±3% (r.m.s.). Moreover, comparison of experimental data and simulations has resulted in mapping of the longitudinal electric field of the unloaded wake up to 83 GV m−1 to a similar degree of accuracy. These results bode well for high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of electron bunches while preserving their emittance in such a cavity.
Mohawk promotes the maintenance and regeneration of the outer annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs
Authors: Nakamichi Ryo , Ito Yoshiaki , Inui Masafumi , Onizuka Naoko , Kayama Tomohiro , Kataoka Kensuke , Suzuki Hidetsugu , Mori Masaki , Inagawa Masayo , Ichinose Shizuko , Lotz Martin K. , Sakai Daisuke , Masuda Koichi , Ozaki Toshifumi , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: August 2016

The main pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation involves disruption of the annulus fibrosus (AF) caused by ageing or excessive mechanical stress and the resulting prolapse of the nucleus pulposus. Owing to the avascular nature of the IVD and lack of understanding the mechanisms that maintain the IVD, current therapies do not lead to tissue regeneration. Here we show that homeobox protein Mohawk (Mkx) is a key transcription factor that regulates AF development, maintenance and regeneration. Mkx is mainly expressed in the outer AF (OAF) of humans and mice. In Mkx−/− mice, the OAF displays a deficiency of multiple tendon/ligament-related genes, a smaller OAF collagen fibril diameter and a more rapid progression of IVD degeneration compared with the wild type. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Mkx promote functional AF regeneration in a mouse AF defect model, with abundant collagen fibril formation. Our results indicate a therapeutic strategy for AF regeneration.
Human TRAV1-2-negative MR1-restricted T cells detect S. pyogenes and alternatives to MAIT riboflavin-based antigens
Authors: Meermeier Erin W. , Laugel Bruno F. , Sewell Andrew K. , Corbett Alexandra J. , Rossjohn Jamie , McCluskey James , Harriff Melanie J. , Franks Tamera , Gold Marielle C. , Lewinsohn David M.
Published: August 2016

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are thought to detect microbial antigens presented by the HLA-Ib molecule MR1 through the exclusive use of a TRAV1-2-containing TCRα. Here we use MR1 tetramer staining and ex vivo analysis with mycobacteria-infected MR1-deficient cells to demonstrate the presence of functional human MR1-restricted T cells that lack TRAV1-2. We characterize an MR1-restricted clone that expresses the TRAV12-2 TCRα, which lacks residues previously shown to be critical for MR1-antigen recognition. In contrast to TRAV1-2+ MAIT cells, this TRAV12-2-expressing clone displays a distinct pattern of microbial recognition by detecting infection with the riboflavin auxotroph Streptococcus pyogenes. As known MAIT antigens are derived from riboflavin metabolites, this suggests that TRAV12-2+ clone recognizes unique antigens. Thus, MR1-restricted T cells can discriminate between microbes in a TCR-dependent manner. We postulate that additional MR1-restricted T-cell subsets may play a unique role in defence against infection by broadening the recognition of microbial metabolites.
Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR normalization in the halophyte Halostachys caspica under salt and drought stress
Authors: Zhang Suwei , Zeng Youling , Yi Xiaoya , Zhang Yufang
Published: August 2016

The plants are always subjected to various environmental stress, because of plant sessile growth. qRT-PCR is a sensitive and reliable technology and the normalization of target gene expression with suitable reference genes is very important for obtaining accurate data. Halostachys caspica is an extremely salt-tolerant halophyte belonging to Chenopodiaceae and a good candidate to explore the stress-physiological and molecular mechanism. To get truly the expression profiles of coding genes and miRNAs in H. caspica in response to salt and drought stress using qRT-PCR, suitable reference genes need to be confirmed. In this study, 10 candidate genes including ACT, UBC10, UBC13, TUB2, TUB3, EF1α, 5S rRNA, tRNA, U6 and miR1436 from H. caspica are chosen and among them, the former nine are commonly used as internal control genes and miR1436 with high sequence copies is no significant difference expression in high salinity-treated and untreated small RNA libraries of this species. The three softwares are used to analyze expression stability. The results showed that EF1α and TUB3 were the most stable under salt and drought stress, respectively and UBC10 was the most constant aross all the samples with the both stressed combination. This work will benefit deep studies on abiotic tolerance in H. caspica.
Predatory bacteria are nontoxic to the rabbit ocular surface
Authors: Romanowski Eric G. , Stella Nicholas A. , Brothers Kimberly M. , Yates Kathleen A. , Funderburgh Martha L. , Funderburgh James L. , Gupta Shilpi , Dharani Sonal , Kadouri Daniel E. , Shanks Robert M. Q.
Published: August 2016

Given the increasing emergence of antimicrobial resistant microbes and the near absent development of new antibiotic classes, innovative new therapeutic approaches to address this global problem are necessary. The use of predatory bacteria, bacteria that prey upon other bacteria, is gaining interest as an “out of the box” therapeutic treatment for multidrug resistant pathogenic bacterial infections. Before a new antimicrobial agent is used to treat infections, it must be tested for safety. The goal of this study was to test the tolerability of bacteria on the ocular surface using in vitro and in vivo models. Predatory bacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus were found to be non-toxic to human corneal stromal keratocytes in vitro; however, they did induce production of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 but not IL-1β. Predatory bacteria did not induce inflammation on the ocular surface of rabbit eyes, with and without corneal epithelial abrasions. Unlike a standard of care antibiotic vancomycin, predatory bacteria did not inhibit corneal epithelial wound healing or increase clinical inflammatory signs in vivo. Together these data support the safety of predatory bacteria on the ocular surface, but future studies are warranted regarding the use predatory bacteria in deeper tissues of the eye.