bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Proses Redistribusi Antar Jaringan IPv6 Menggunakan Protokol Routing OSPF dan IS-IS
Authors: Nugroho Kukuh
Published: February 2022

Jaringan memegang peranan penting agar data dapat dipertukarkan antar perangkat komputer. Proses komunikasi dapat terjadi antar dua atau lebih perangat komputer dalam jaringan. Proses komunikasi antar perangkat komputer tersebut dapat terjadi dalam jaringan yang sama atau berbeda. Selain jaringan, protokol yang digunakan untuk mengalamati perangkat juga memegang peranan penting agar data dapat dikirimkan ke perangkat tujuan. Meningkatnya jumlah perangkat yang terhubung dalam jaringan, khususnya Internet menyebabkan berkurangnya alokasi dari penggunaan protokol pengalamatan yang saat ini digunakan yaitu IP versi 4.  Sehingga perlu penggunaan protokol pengalamatan versi terbaru yaitu IP versi 6 (IPv6). Ketika proses komunikasi terjadi antar jaringan yang berbeda, maka diperlukan peran dari perangkat router. Proses routing akan dilakukan oleh perangkat tersebut agar data dapat dikirimkan ke tujuan. Proses routing akan mengalami permasalahan apabila proses tersebut terjadi antar wilayah jaringan yang menggunakan protokol routing yang berbeda. Proses redistribusi informasi rute antar wilayah yang berbeda penggunaan protokol routing diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Pada penelitian ini digunakan jaringan uji yang menggunakan dua protokol routing yang berbeda yaitu OSPF versi 3 dan IS-IS yang mendukung penggunaan protokol pengalamatan IPv6. Proses pengujian menggunakan layanan transfer file dengan menggunakan protokol FTP (File Transfer Protocol) dengan beban trafik data sebesar 50 MByte. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai delay yang dihasilkan ketika data dikirimkan dari jaringan yang menerapkan protokol routing OSPFv3 ke IS-IS sebesar 35,128 ms. Sedangkan ketika data dikirimkan dari arah kebalikan yaitu dari jaringan yang menerapkan protokol routing IS-IS ke OSPFv3 menghasilkan nilai delay yang lebih besar yaitu sebesar 59,841 ms.
Sistem Monitoring Tingkat pH, Kekeruhan dan Suhu Air Limbah Batik pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Berbasis LoRa
Authors: Faza Jalil , Purnama Sevia Indah , Syifa Fikra Titan
Published: February 2022

Batik merupakan kebudayaan asli Indonesia yang diakui sebagai warisan dunia. Banyaknya industri batik menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Beberapa industri terkadang tidak melakukan pengelolaan air limbah sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan. Penduduk sekitar dan pihak pemerintah setempat perlu melakukan monitoring terhadap pengelolaan air limbah dengan memanfaatkan teknologi terbaru. Salah satu standar untuk menentukan kualitas air adalah suhu, kekeruhan dan tingkat pH. Sistem monitoring air limbah batik merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk memantau parameter-parameter tersebut sehingga air batik tersebut bisa ditentukan apakah sudah layak untuk dibuang langsung ke sungai atau belum. Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan tiga sensor untuk mengukur parameter-parameter penentu kualitas air yaitu sensor suhu air waterproof DS18B20, sensor kekeruhan SEN0189, dan pH meter SEN0161. Sistem ini bekerja dengan cara mengukur parameter-parameter tersebut lalu mengirimnya ke dalam platform internet of thing (ThingSpeak) dengan menggunakan komunikasi LoRa. Dari hasil pengujian prototype tersebut diperoleh nilai eror sensor PH4502C sebesar 2.10%, sensor kekeruhan SEN0189 sebesar 1.24% dan sensor suhu DS18B20 6,79%.

Kata kunci: Limbah Batik, LoRa Communication, Sensor DS18B20, Sensor PH4502C, Sensor SEN0189.
Sistem Pemantauan Kondisi Air Hidroponik Berbasis Internet of Things Menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266
Authors: Murdiyantoro Randi Adzin , Izzinnahadi Ahmad , Armin Edmund Ucok
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Salah satu bentuk kemajuan di bidang teknologi informasi adalah platform Internet of Things (IoT). Salah satu aspek yang dapat menerapkan konsep ini adalah aspek industri pertanian. Para petani biasanya menggunakan tanah sebagai media tanam, tetapi dalam kemajuan infrastruktur di Indonesia membuat lahan pertanian kian berkurang. Akan tetapi kebutuhan akan pangan harus tetap terpenuhi. Hidroponik adalah salah satu metode budidaya tanaman menggunakan air dan larutan nutrisi sebagai media tanam. Kondisi air dalam hidroponik sangat penting untuk di periksa secara berkala karena berpengaruh terhadap serapan hara dan ketersedian nutrisi, hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kondisi pH larutan, konduktivitas listrik, komposisi nutrisi dan suhu. Untuk menghasilkan keputusan yang tepat petani membutuhkan data realtime tentang kondisi air. Pada penelitian ini NodeMCU ESP8266 diimplementasikan sebagai mikrokontroller pada sistem pemantauan kondisi air hidroponik berbasis IoT. Sensor yang digunakan antara lain Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04, Sensor Suhu DS18B20, dan Sensor pH E-201C. Data hasil baca dari seluruh sensor dapat di lihat secara realtime di dalam sebuah website yang dapat diakses melalui smartphone.

Kata Kunci: NodeMCU ESP8266, Ultrasonik, pH E-201C, Internet of Things, Hidroponik.

 

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) platform is a form of advancement in the field of Information Technology applied in the farming industry. Farmers often use soil to grow crops. Though the soil is essential for farming, the use for agriculture steadily reduced because of Indonesia's infrastructure advancement. However, the country's have to fulfill their food needs. Hydroponics is a method of growing crops using water and nutritious solutions as a growing media. In this method, monitoring water conditions from time to time is a must to ensure the crops absorb enough nutrients. The water parameters are pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, and nutritions composition. The real-time values of those parameters are important to decide the treatment of the crop. In this experiment, NodeMCU ESP8266, a  microcontroller, was implemented as a monitoring system based on IoT. The sensors for this system are Ultrasonic HC-SR04, DS18B20 temperature sensor, and E-201C pH sensor. The results of all sensors can be accessed in real-time on a website by smartphone.

 

Keywords: NodeMCU ESP8266, Ultrasonic, pH E-201C, Internet of Things, Hydroponic.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru SLB Negeri Bugih Pamekasan Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran dan Aplikasi Belajar Online
Authors: Ramadani Shefa Dwijayanti , Budiyono Agus , Makruf Masdukil
Published: February 2022

The conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic caused extraordinary changes in various sectors of life, including in the education sector. The closure of all school institutions "forced" the teachers transform their learning into online learning to reduce the potential spread of the Corona Virus in one school environment. Unfortunately, it had been a year after the implementation of learning from home began; the challenges and obstacles in implementing online learning were still felt at SLB Negeri Bugih Pamekasan. This community service aims to improve the ability of teachers to create and use learning media, as well as using online learning applications to support the learning process during pandemic situation. The method used was training which was packaged in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) format. The results of the activity showed that: (1) 100% of teachers were able to use information and communication technology, especially the internet to find digital learning media that suits student needs, (2) 80% of teachers were able to make simple learning videos, and (3) 100% of teachers were able to use online learning applications to support the learning process.
Analisis Karya Tulis Peneliti Pertanian dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Internasional pada Basis Data Sciencedirect
Authors: Andriaty Etty
Published: February 2022

ScienceDirect merupakan pangkalan data jurnal ilmiah internasional terbesar di dunia yang dikelola oleh penerbit Elsevier. Kontribusi peneliti Indonesia khususnya dalam bentuk karya tulis ilmiah (KTI) dalam jurnal internasional masih jauh di bawah negara- negara tetangga seperti Malaysia, Thailand, dan Singapura, padahal dari segi jumlah peneliti, Indonesia berada jauh di atas negara-negara tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) jumlah peneliti Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (Balitbangtan) yang karya tulis ilmiahnya dimuat dalam jurnal ilmiah pada ScienceDirect, (2) tahun terbit jurnal yang memuat  KTI peneliti Balitbangtan, (3) nama jurnal yang memuat KTI peneliti Balitbangtan, (4) komoditas dan subjek yang ditulis oleh peneliti Balitbangtan, dan (5) jumlah jurnal ilmiah yang terindeks dalam Scopus. Kajian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2018, menggunakan metode analisis isi. Objek yang dikaji adalah artikel- artikel yang ditulis oleh peneliti Balitbangtan dan dimuat dalam jurnal pada ScienceDirect. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah peneliti yang artikelnya diterbitkan dalam jurnal pada ScienceDirect mencapai 80 orang, sementara jumlah peneliti Balitbangtan lebih dari 1.600 orang pada 2017. Jenjang jabatan terbanyak Peneliti Ahli Madya (34 orang). Artikel terbanyak ditulis oleh peneliti Balai Penelitian Tanah (Markus Anda). Pemuliaan (tanaman dan ternak) merupakan subjek terbanyak (33 artikel), diikuti tanah (30 artikel). Sementara tanaman pangan merupakan komoditas pertanian yang paling banyak ditulis, yaitu 40 artikel. HAYATI: Journal of Biosciences merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang paling banyak memuat artikel peneliti Balitbangtan, yaitu 18 artikel. Sebagian besar artikel peneliti Balitbangtan dalam jurnal pada ScienceDirect terbit pada tahun 2015. Hampir semua jurnal ilmiah yang memuat artikel peneliti Balitbangtan terindeks Scopus.
Tanggapan Peserta Workshop Literasi Informasi Terhadap Penggunaan
Authors: Andriani Juznia
Published: February 2022

Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan peserta Workshop Literasi Informasi terhadap situs web Cyber Extension (Cybext) yang mencakup kemudahan pencarian situs Cybext, proses penelusuran informasi pada Cybext, kualitas informasi, dan kegunaan informasi. Pengkajian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan responden adalah mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Penyuluhan Pertanian (STPP) Bogor yang mengikuti Workshop Literasi Informasi pada tanggal 21 November 2017 di Pusat Perpustakaan dan Penyebaran Teknologi Pertanian (PUSTAKA). Responden berjumlah 63 orang dan 8 orang diambil sebagai sampel untuk wawancara mendalam. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa proses pencarian situs Cybext di internet dan penelusuran informasi Cybext mudah. Responden telah menguasai keterampilan dalam pengoperasian komputer sehingga memperlancar proses penelusuran. Responden menilai informasi di Cybext akurat, mutakhir, dan relevan dengan proses pembelajaran. Seluruh responden menyetujui bahwa informasi dalam Cybext sangat membantu dalam menyelesaikan tugas dari dosen, bisa menjadi referensi untuk penulisan makalah, dan sangat menunjang bahan perkuliahan.
BIBLIOMETRIK PUBLIKASI INDONESIA BIDANG PERTANIAN DAN BIOLOGI YANG TERINDEKS SCOPUS
Authors: Winarko Bambang
Published: February 2022

Publikasi ilmiah yang terindeks dalam pangkalan data jurnal mempunyai beberapa keuntungan, di antaranya dapat terdistribusi secara luas sesuai dengan cakupan pangkalan data tersebut. Science and Technology Index (SINTA) merupakan salah satu pangkalan data Indonesia yang mengindeks publikasi ilmiah secara nasional. Sementara dalam lingkup internasional, DOAJ dan Scopus merupakan dua pangkalan data yang mengindeks publikasi ilmiah dalam cakupan global. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara bibliometrik publikasi ilmiah bidang biologi dan pertanian Indonesia yang terindeks Scopus tahun 2019. Sebanyak 14 jurnal dianalisis secara bibliometrik dengan parameter produktivitas, impact factor (SJR), jurnal kuartil, h-indeks, jumlah daftar pustaka, dan jumlah sitasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Biodiversitas; International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology; dan Agrivita merupakan jurnal dengan jumlah artikel paling banyak. Biodiversitas merupakan jurnal dengan jumlah daftar pustaka paling banyak dibandingkan dengan jurnal lainnya, diikuti oleh International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, dan Agrivita. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology; Hayati: Journal of Biosciences; Tropical Animal Science Journal; dan Biodiversitas merupakan jurnal Indonesia bidang pertanian dan biologi yang terindeks Scopus tahun 2019 dengan h- indeks paling tinggi.
How an aggressive treatment of no-reflow phenomenon in primary percutaneous coronary intervention with high thrombus burden can achieve a grade III TIMI-flow : a case report
Authors: Putra Iwan Cahyo Santosa , Henrina Joshua , Husink Aron
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The management of the no-reflow phenomenon is still being debated by experts as there is no specific algorithm, limited recommended drug choices, and insufficient data studying the combination of drugs in currently available guidelines. Thus, in this case report, we would like to propose a new combination of drugs as an alternative to the recommended drugs of choice in the treatment of no-reflow phenomenon.Case presentation: A patient presented to the emergency room with a complaint of chest pain 30 minutes prior to arrival. However, patient was then diagnosed with extensive anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction Killip I caused by total occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. During the primary percutaneous coronary intervention, after stent deployment, angiography was performed and showed a grade I TIMI-flow without any coronary artery obstruction. We then promptly administered nitroglycerin, heparin, and eptifibatide via an intracoronary route. Post-treatment angiography results found an improvement in coronary blood flow with a grade II TIMI-flow. Intravenous administration of eptifibatide and morphine afterward successfully restored perfusion to a grade III TIMI-flow. Conclusions: Aggressive and precise treatment with a drug of choice is needed to counteract the no-reflow phenomenon. Presently, only a limited range of first-line drugs can be used to treat this condition. Not only that, but several of the recommended drugs are not easily accessible, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we propose a new combination treatment consisting of nitroglycerin, heparin, and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor as an alternative treatment of the no-reflow phenomenon.
Reduction of vibration and noise pollution from agricultural tractor engine using novelPine oil and soapnut oil methyl ester as fuel
Authors: Vedhagiri Venkatesan , Nallusamy Nallusamy , Nagapandiselvi Perumal
Published: February 2022

The exhaust emissions from automotive diesel engines are successfully controlled over the years by adopting different combustion strategies and after treatment devices. Whereas, the combustion induced vibration and noise which is one of the major polluting source in off-road vehicle engines were not yet optimized. In the present study, a twin cylinder, Simpson’s S-217 tractor diesel engine was used to evaluate the performance, combustion, vibration and noise characteristics using biofuel blends. For this study, the blends of pine oil - soapnut oil biodiesel (P75SNB25), diesel - soapnut oil biodiesel (SNB20) and diesel were used as fuel. The pine oil used in the research was purchased and used in its neat form. The soapnut oil was extracted from the soapnut seeds by cold pressing method and trans-esterified in two stages using methanol and catalysts. The performance and combustion characteristics of the blend P75SNB25 was superior to diesel and the blend SNB20 was slightly inferior to diesel. For the blend P75SNB25 the amplitude of acceleration with respect to time was reduced by 19.48% and 11.58% at no load and full load respectively. For the blend SNB20 the amplitude of acceleration showed a reduction of 14.27% and 9.46% at no load and full load respectively in comparison with diesel operation. The noise emission for the blends P75SNB25 and SNB20 was decreased by a maximum of 2.34% at different engine loads compared to diesel operation.
Prediction Of Icing Risk Degree On Aircraft With Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: ATEŞ Fatmanur , Şenol Ramazan
Published: February 2022

Icing poses a threat for aircrafts, as it does for all other areas in general. From the past to present, many aviation accidents have occurred and are still occurring due to icing. Scientists have proposed several solutions to eliminate or minimize the problem of icing. To eliminate icing, de-icing systems have been introduced and anti-icing systems have been put into practice to prevent icing and these methods are presently being developed. However, these systems are generally put into use in aircrafts under pilot control. The pilot operates anti-icing and de-icing systems when she or he senses the presence of ice. The pilot's carelessness or lack of training then plays a major role in the occurrence of accidents. The study has tested seven different artificial intelligence algorithms for an aircraft that could lead to a direct operation of the de-icing/anti-icing system as a result of the estimated risk of ice. Simulink and Waijung blockset-supported modelling have been conducted and the diagram that will estimate the icing risk rating for different input values was embedded in the STM32F4 Discovery controller board and the results of the icing prediction were observed using RGB led. 88.59 percent value is obtained by the boosting algorithm for the optimum icing risk rating prediction. In conclusion, a model is proposed to ensure automatic activation of the anti-icing and de-icing systems in aircraft that will be used for predicting icing.
Phosphoglucomutase 1 Contributes to Optimal Cyst Development in Toxoplasma Gondii
Authors: Quach Emily V. , Cao Binh , Babacarkhial Edres , Ho Daniel , Sharma Janak , Guiton Pascale S.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasite of medical and veterinary importance; however, there exists no cure for chronic toxoplasmosis. Metabolic enzymes required for the production and maintenance of tissue cysts represent promising targets for novel therapies. Here, we use reverse genetics to investigate the role of Toxoplasma phosphoglucomutase 1, PGM1, in Toxoplasma growth and cystogenesis.Results: We found that disruption of pgm1 did not significantly affect Toxoplasma intracellular growth and the lytic cycle. pgm1-defective parasites could differentiate into bradyzoites and produced cysts containing amylopectin in vitro. However, cysts produced in the absence of pgm1 were significantly smaller than wildtype. Together, our findings suggest that PGM1 is dispensable for in vitro growth but contributes to optimal Toxoplasma cyst development in vitro, thereby necessitating further investigation.
Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves
Authors: Zhang Yuejing , Shi Zhenzhen , Wang Hanqi , Zhang Ji , Pang Hailong , Feng Hanqing
Published: February 2022

In the process of the production of recombinant proteins by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression system, the effectiveness of the control of light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on efficiency of transient expression is worth being evaluated. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings were used as a bioreactor to investigate the effects of different light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The present results showed that the seedlings grown under light condition for 5 weeks had highest level of transient expression among those grown for 4-8 weeks. In the pre-agroinfiltration, the level of transient expression of GFP was obviously decreased by the increase in light intensity or by the shortening of the photoperiod. Although the shortening of the photoperiod post-agroinfiltration also decreased the level of transient expression, moderate light intensity post-agroinfiltration (100 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1) was needed for higher level of transient expression efficiency. Totally, there was no strong correlation between the transient expression efficiency and plant growth under different light conditions. These results suggest that light condition is an important factors affecting the level of transient expression in plants. The effects of light intensity and photoperiod in the post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression efficiency are obvious difference from those in the pre-agroinfiltration. Hence, light conditions should be optimized to obtain higher productivity of recombinant protein from transient expression systems.
Dynamic Effect of the Earth Fissure Sites in the Yuncheng Basin, China
Authors: CAO Ge , Deng Yahong , Chang Jiang , Xuan You , He Nainan , Mu Huandong
Published: February 2022

Earth fissures are a type of major geological disaster that occurs worldwide. China has experienced some of the most serious earth fissure disasters in the world. The Yuncheng Basin is an important constituent basin of the Fenwei Basin in China where earth fissures are densely developed and caused severe damage. In particular, the impact of earth fissures on the seismic response of the site is still unknown and is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Based on microtremor tests, three types of typical earth fissure sites in the Yuncheng Basin were selected for field testing. Through spectrum analysis, the dynamic response characteristics of the earth fissure sites were determined. The results show that the dynamic response of the site is significantly affected by the earth fissures. The dynamic response strength of the site is the largest on both sides of the earth fissures, and it decreases and gradually stabilizes with increasing distance from the fissures. The impact range of the earth fissures on the hanging side is slightly longer than the heading side.
Structural Brain Network Measures in Elderly Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Gu Yumeng , Zhao Ping , Feng Wenjun , Xia Xiaoshuang , Tian Xiaolin , Yan Yu , Wang Xiaowen , Gao Decheng , Du Yanfen , Li Xin
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To investigate whether there is a difference in the incidence of depression between patients with small cerebral vascular disease (CSVD) and normal controls (NC), and the relationship between depression and white matter fiber damage and structural brain network in elderly patients with CSVD. Method: A total of 115 elderly subjects were consecutively recruited from the neurology clinic, including 36 patients with CSVD with depressive state, 34 patients with CSVD without depressive state, and 45 NCs. A detailed neuropsychological assessment and multimodal MRI were performed. Based on TBSS analysis and structural network analysis, differences between groups were compared, and logistic regression was used to determine the predictive value of TBSS indicators and structural brain network measures for depression in CSVD patients. Results: Group differences were found in global TBSS analysis and brain network measures. After adjusting for age, gender, education level, and vascular risk factors (VRF), there were significant correlations between TBSS indicators and structural network indicators and depression, including: FA (r= -0.291, p <0.05), ELocal (r = -0.278, p < 0.01) and in network strength (r = - 0.403, p < 0.001). At the same time, ELocal was an independent risk factor for depression in patients with CSVD.Conclusions: Changes in FA, MD values and structural network indicators in DTI parameters can predict the depressive state of CSVD to a certain extent, providing a more direct structural basis for the hypothesis of abnormal neural circuits in the pathogenesis of vascular depression. In addition, we believe that abnormal white matter alterations in subcortical neural circuits affect the microstructural function of brain connections, which may be a mechanism for the concomitant depressive symptoms in CSVD patients.
Follow-Up Study On Physical And Neurodevelopmental Outcomes In Extremely Preterm Infants At The Corrected Age Of 12 Months
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Yang , Zhang Xin , Jiang Yue , Guo Xiaojie , Xu Qu , Yang Lei , Zhang Min , Hong Qin , Chi Xia , Tong Meiling
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the physical and neurological outcomes of extremely preterm infants (EPIs) at the corrected ageof 12 months, to provide the basis for parents and doctors to make treatment decisions.Methods: The follow-up data of EPIs who survived and were discharged from Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical Universityduring 2018–2020 were analyzed. The weight, length, and head circumference by age were recorded and compared with those ofterm infantsto investigate the catch-up growth of EPIs. Children at 12 months’ corrected agewere assessed using the Gesell Developmental Scale.The relationship of basic data with the catch-up growth and nervous system development was also discussed.Results: In totaL, 70 infants were included in this study. At the 1-year visit, the EPIs were larger than the 50th percentile for weight, length, and head circumference(HC) of the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. The percentages of catch-up in weight, length, and HC were all greater than 50%.Our multivariate logistic regression showed that the higher the weight gain in the first year of life (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.03, P = 0.03), the higher the body length gain (OR = 5.72, 95% CI: 1.08–30.21, P = 0.04), the higher the birth weight (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.02, P = 0.01), and the higher the weight gain (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.61, P = 0.01), which would induce the catch-up growth of EPIs. Furthermore, after 1 year of follow-up, the proportions of mild-to-moderate abnormal development quotient (DQ) in the five functional domains were all greater than 10%. Hence, theearly catch-up growth was beneficial for neurodevelopment.Conclusions: Close developmental surveillance is of great significance in improving the long-term quality of life of EPIS.
Food web stability and connectance predicted from body-size constraints on trophic topology, self-regulation, and total consumption
Authors: Lin Tianyun , Wieczynski Daniel , Savage Van
Published: February 2022

Understanding why food webs thrive or collapse is a major challenge that has been mostly studied in terms of consumer-resource interaction strengths or the topology of the interaction network. Yet the biological basis and relative importance of these properties are hotly debated. Here, we construct a model that incorporates body-mass constraints on key factors that influence food webs: the likelihood and strength of interactions, self-regulation, and total consumption rates. Our model predicts stability and connectance in real food webs ranging widely in species diversity (29-163 species) and trophic connectance (113-1086 interactions). Despite their absence in most research, we found that realistic self-regulation and consumption rate constraints are not only required to accurately predict stability but have stronger impacts than the more-frequently-studied interaction strengths. Our results demonstrate that food web stability is simultaneously impacted by multiple food web properties—all of which are naturally constrained by species masses.
The restrictive type and infectious complications might predict nadir hematological values among individuals with anorexia nervosa during the refeeding period: a retrospective study
Authors: Funayama Michitaka , Koreki Akihiro , Mimura Yu , Takata Taketo , Ogino Satoyuki , Kurose Shin , Shimizu Yusuke , Kudo Shun
Published: February 2022

Background: Although hematological abnormalities in patients with anorexia nervosa have been documented, the mechanisms involved have not been fully clarified, especially during the refeeding period, when hematological values further decrease after admission prior to improving. Here we address potential mechanisms underlying the hematological abnormalities of inpatients with anorexia nervosa during the refeeding period.Methods: We recruited patients from 101 admissions corresponding to 55 individual patients with anorexia nervosa with severe malnutrition (body mass index, 13.4 ± 3.4) from the neuropsychiatry unit in Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital during the period from October 1999 to March 2018. We analyzed three hematological cell measures to determine their levels at admission and their lowest levels during the refeeding period and calculated the rate of decrease in those values from admission to the nadir levels. We analyzed each measure using a general mixed model with explanatory variables, including data upon admission and a treatment-related indicator. Results: The initial hemoglobin value of 12.1 ± 2.7 g/dl decreased by 22.3% to 9.4 ± 2.5 g/dl; the initial white cell count was 5387 ± 3474/μl, which decreased by 33.6% to 3576 ± 1440/μl; the initial platelet count of 226 ± 101 ×103/μl decreased by 24.3% to 171 ± 80 ×103/μl. All nadir levels were observed during the refeeding period from the fifth to tenth day of hospitalization. Significant correlations among the three hematological cell measures, particularly at the nadir levels, were found. Of note, 41.7% of our patients who received red blood cell transfusion during hospitalization showed normal hemoglobin levels upon admission. The anorexia nervosa restrictive type was associated with a lower nadir level of white blood cell count. Infectious complications were related to a lower nadir level of hemoglobin and a greater rate of decrease in hemoglobin level as well as to the need for red blood cell transfusion. Conclusions: Nadir hematological cell measures of inpatients with anorexia nervosa might be predicted by the restrictive type and infectious complications. The anorexia nervosa restrictive type is considered to cause further decrease in hematological values during the refeeding period, which might be prevented by controlling infectious complications.
Real-world experience of erenumab in patients with chronic or episodic migraine in the UAE
Authors: Alsaadi Taoufik , Noori Suzan , Varakian Razmig , Youssef Saly , Almadani Abu Baker
Published: February 2022

Background: Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody and a highly potent, first-in-class calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor inhibitor approved for migraine prevention in adults. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials show that erenumab treatment results in clinically meaningful responses, including significant reductions in monthly migraine days. Real-world evidence of the effectiveness of erenumab in patients with migraine is accruing, but gaps remain, and findings may vary according to region. We evaluated the usage patterns and effectiveness of erenumab in real-world settings in patients with migraine in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: This retrospective, observational real-world study enrolled patients ≥18 years with migraine who were prescribed erenumab in the UAE. Data were collected at baseline and Months 1, 3 and 6. The primary study objective was to characterise usage patterns of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine (CM) or episodic migraine (EM) in real-world settings in the UAE.Results: Of the 166 patients, 124 (74.7%) were females. The mean (standard deviation) age at migraine onset was 29 (7.93) years. Seventy-one patients (42.8%) had CM and 95 (57.2%) had EM. In the overall population, the mean monthly headache/migraine days (MHD) at baseline was 15.7 (8.45) and mean change from baseline was −8.2 (8.83) at Month 1, −11.0 (9.15) at Month 3 and −11.3 (8.90) at Month 6. The mean change from baseline in monthly acute migraine-specific medication days (MSMD) was −9.0 (8.07) at Month 1, −9.7 (8.73) at Month 3 and −10.7 (8.95) at Month 6. At all time points, most patients achieved at least 50% reduction in MHD (80%–91%) and MSMD (84%–94%).Similar reductions in MHD and MSMD and clinical benefit in CM or EM were seen with erenumab monotherapy or erenumab add-on therapy, with or without dose escalation and for treatment naïve or ≥1 previous preventive treatment failures, with additional clinical benefit in the erenumab add-on therapy and dose escalation to 140 mg subgroups.Conclusion: In this real-world study on erenumab use in the UAE, patients prescribed erenumab achieved clinically meaningful reductions in MHD and MSMD at all assessed time points. Erenumab was well tolerated with no new safety events.Trial registration: Not applicable
Influence of silver nitrate and copper sulphate on somatic embryogenesis, shoot morphogenesis, multiplication and associated physiological biochemical changes in Gladiolus hybridus L.
Authors: Isah Tasiu , . Qurratul , Umar Shahid
Published: February 2022

Micronutrients are essential for in vitro plant tissue growth, and studying their culture medium levels manipulation to promote growth and morphogenesis is essential in plant tissue culture experiments. In the present study, influence of CuSO4.5H2O (0–15 µM), AgNO3 (0–60 µM) and their combinations on callus induction and various morphogenic processes at different treatment levels were studied in G. hybridus. AgNO3 was more efficient in promoting the parameters studied, with 40 µM been more efficient over other treatment levels tested. In the case of CuSO4.5H2O treatments, maximum efficiency was achieved with 7.5 µM over other concentration treatment of the tissues analysed. Results of the experiments on morphogenesis and associated physiological biochemical changes suggests that combined treatment with the two metals promoted morphogenesis at higher levels through influence on physiological biochemical changes essential for the morphogenic parameters studied. Application of the technique on embryogenic tissue formation and somatic embryos differentiation seems of appropriate application when using metals for the experiment.
Safety of heparin-free after 3000IU heparin loaded in veno-venous ECMO supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrage risk
Authors: Zhao Yang-Chao , Zhao Xi , Fu Guo-Wei , Huang Ming-Jun , Li Xing-Xing , Sun Qian-Qian , Kan Ya-Bai , Li Jun , Wang Shi-Lei , Ma Wen-Tao , Xu Qin-Fu , Liu Qi-Long , Li Hong-Bin
Published: February 2022

Background: The anti-coagulation protocol of patients with hemorrhage risk primary disease who need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supported is controversial. This study evaluated the safety of heparin-free after 3000IU heparin loaded in veno-venous ECMO (VV ECMO ) supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk.Methods: A retrospective study was performed in a series of hemorrhage risk patients supported with VV ECMO at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between June 2012 to Sept 2020. A total of 70 patients received a low heparin bolus of 3000 units for cannulation but without subsequent, ongoing heparin administration. Patients were divided into survival (n=25) and non-survival group (n=45). Data of coagulation, hemolysis and membrane lung function were calculated and analyzed. The complications of patients were recorded. Finally, the binary Logistic regression was conducted.Results: The longest heparin-free time was 216 hours, and the mean heparin-free time was 102 hours. The percentage of thrombosis complications was 54.3% (38/70) including 3 oxygenator changed but there was no significant difference of complications in survival and non-survival groups (p>0.05). Compared with survivors, the non-survivors were showed higher baseline SOFA score and lower platelet counts in 0.5 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 96 hours after ECMO applied. However, there was no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in ACT, APTT, INR, D-dimer, fibrinogen, LDH, blood flow rate, Δp and Ppost-MLO2 (all p<0.05) of all different time point. Moreover, only the baseline SOFA score was significantly associated with mortality (p<0.001, OR(95%CI): 2.754 (1.486-5.103)) while the baseline levels of ACT, APTT, INR, platelet, D-dimer, fibrinogen and LDH have no association with mortality. Conclusions: The anticoagulation protocol that no heparin after a 3000 units heparin bolus in VV ECMO supported acute respiratory failure patients with hemorrhage risk is safe.
Climate Variability and Trends in the Endorheic Lake Hayk Basin: Implications for Lake Hayk Water Level Changes in the Lake Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mewded Mezgebu , Abebe Adane , Tilahun Seifu , Agide Zeleke
Published: February 2022

Background
For sustainable climate hazard management, climate information at the local level is crucial for developing countries like Ethiopia, which has an exceptionally low adaptive capacity to changes in climate. As a result, rather than making local decisions based on findings from national-scale studies, the study area's research gap of local level climate variability and trend was investigated within the endorheic Lake Hayk basin for the historic series from 1986 to 2015 to scientifically show climate change/variability implications on Lake Hayk water level variations. To achieve the study objective, the precipitation, station and ERA5 reanalysis temperature and patchy lake level fused with remote sensed water extents were examined using various statistical approaches.
Results
The major findings revealed less variable (CV= 16.66%) and statistically nonsignificant declining trends (-33.94 mm/decade) in annual precipitation. Belg and Bega seasonal precipitation showed highly variable (CV = 43.94-47.46%) nonsignificant downward trends of 4.57 mm and 22 mm per decade respectively, whereas kiremt precipitation showed moderate variability (CV=23.80%) and increased nonsignificantly at a rate of 21.89 mm per decade. Annual and seasonal mean temperatures exhibited less variable but statistically significant rising trends ranging from +0.20 to +0.45°C each decade. The lake's water level showed less variable nonsignificant rising trends (70 mm to 120 mm per year) on annual and seasonal scales between 1999 and 2005. The lake's surface area has decreased from 2243.33 ha in 2005 to 2165.33 ha in 2011. During 2011-2015, it likewise demonstrated a high variable (CV > 30%) statistically significant dropping trend ranging from -250 mm to -340 mm per year on annual and seasonal periods.
Conclusions
The study discovered that the endorheic lake basin was dominated by variable and diminishing precipitation, as well as continuous warming trends, particularly in recent years. It is argued that this climatic state was having a negative impact on Lake Hayk's substantially dropping water level, necessitating an immediate basin-based water management decision to save Lake Hayk from extinction.
Crosslinked Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogels For Biomedical Applications
Authors: Almeida Ana P. C. , Saraiva João N. , Cavaco Gonçalo , Portela Raquel P. , Leal Catarina R. , Sobral Rita G. , Almeida Pedro L.
Published: February 2022

The skin, fundamental barrier that protects internal tissues, prevents pathogen invasion, and maintains the body fluid equilibrium, may be compromised upon traumas, such as incisions and burns. The healing process of such wounds is costly and usually hindered by the patient’s physiological conditions, associated diseases, inflammation and external factors, namely bacterial infections. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bacterial cellulose-based membranes to be applied as dressings for healing purposes. Bacterial cellulose is an attractive biomaterial due to its unique structural characteristics such as high porosity, high water retention capacity, high mechanical strength, low density, and biodegradability. One drawback of bacterial cellulose hydrogels is that, after the first dehydration, the water retention capacity is hindered. In this work we produced, modified, and characterized hydrated and de-hydrated BC membranes. Two crosslinking methods were adopted (using citric acid and epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agents), and the results obtained from the characterizations such as water retention capacity, mechanical properties or contact angle were compared to those of unmodified bacterial cellulose. We demonstrate that the cross-linked bacterial cellulose membranes present physical properties suitable to be used as surgical and burn wound dressings when hydrated, or as exuding wound dressings, diapers dressing or sanitary pads when dehydrated.
Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase Genes and their Role in Development and Arboviral Infection of Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Chotiwan Nunya , Brito-Sierra Carlos A. , Ramirez Gabriella , Lian Elena , Hill Catherine A. , Perera Rushika
Published: February 2022

Background
Fatty acids are the building blocks of complex lipids essential for living organisms. In mosquitoes, fatty acids are involved in cell membrane production, energy conservation and expenditure, innate immunity, development, and reproduction. Fatty acids are synthesized by a multifunctional enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase (FAS). Several paralogues of FAS were found in the Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquito. However, the molecular characteristics and the expression of some of these paralogues have not been investigated.
Methods
Genome assemblies of Ae. aegypti were analyzed and orthologues of human FAS were identified. Phylogenetic analysis and in silico molecular characterization were performed to identify the functional domains of the Ae. aegypti FAS (AaFAS). Quantitative analysis and loss-of-function experiments were performed to determine the significance of different AaFAS transcripts in various stages of development, expression following different diets and the impact of AaFAS on dengue virus, serotype 2 (DENV2) infection and transmission.
Results
We identified seven putative FAS genes in the Ae. aegypti genome assembly, based on nucleotide similarity to the FAS proteins (tBLASTn) of humans, other mosquitoes and invertebrates. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses suggested that only five of the FAS genes produce mRNA and therefore represent complete gene models. Expression levels of AaFAS varied among developmental stages and between male and female Ae. aegypti. Quantitative analyses revealed that expression of AaFAS1, the putative orthologue of the human FAS, was highest in adult females. Transient knockdown (KD) of AaFAS1 did not induce a complete compensation by other AaFAS genes but limited DENV2 infection of Aag2 cells in culture and the midgut of the mosquito.
Conclusion
AaFAS1 is the predominant AaFAS in the adult mosquitoes. It has the highest amino acid similarity to human FAS and contains all enzymatic domains typical of human FAS. AaFAS1 also facilitated DENV2 replication in both cell culture and in mosquito midguts. Our data suggest that AaFAS1 may play a role in transmission of dengue viruses, and could represent a target for intervention strategies.
Honoring The Voices Of Families: An Interpretive Description Of Parent’s Understanding And Insights Into Preventing Type 2 Diabetes In Adolescents
Authors: Spurr Shelley , Bally Jill , Nahia Nalwooga
Published: February 2022

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adolescents in increasing, affecting the overall health and quality of life of adolescents and their families. Despite the serious health consequences of T2D, few studies have explored the role of parents in the prevention of prediabetes and T2D in adolescents. Thus, the purpose was to better understand parents’ insights into strategies needed for the development of interventions to prevent prediabetes and T2D in their adolescents and families.Methods: Thorne’s Interpretive Description approach was used to guide this second of two-phase study. Using purposeful sampling, parents (n=12) of adolescents at high risk for developing T2D were interviewed. This study was conducted in accordance with the standards for reporting qualitative research.Results: Two themes and multiple subthemes emerged: Parents’ Understanding of T2D (High Blood Sugar, Severe Health Impacts, and Managing Your Diet) and It Takes a Village (The Onus is on the Adolescent, Starts at Home with the Parents, We Need More Support, and Getting the Message in Their Face). Conclusions: These qualitative data were insightful as findings highlighted the parents’ predominant lack of basic knowledge, life skills, and/or resources to prevent prediabetes and T2D in adolescents. The results provided target areas for education and emphasized the importance of using social media as an approach to disseminate important information to adolescents. Parents also identified strategies for prevention interventions for adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective. Given the increased prevalence of T2D in adolescents, these results are timely and confirm the urgent need for interventions to prevent pediatric prediabetes and T2D. Future research will include the co-design, piloting, and evaluation of feasible family-centered interventions grounded in participants’ experiences and suggestions that are reflective of person-centred goals and needs of adolescents.
Correlation of PD-L1 Expression on Tumour Cells Between Diagnostic Biopsies and Surgical Specimens of Lung Cancer in Real Life With Respect to Biopsy Techniques and Neoadjuvant Treatment
Authors: Gompelmann Daniela , Sinn Katharina , Brugger Jonas , Bernitzky Dominik , Mosleh Berta , Prosch Helmut , Geleff Silvana , Blessing Alissa , Tiefenbacher Andreas , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Idzko Marco , Hoda Mir Alireza
Published: February 2022

Purposes: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing is performed mainly on biopsy specimens in patients with advanced lung cancer. It is questionable whether the small amount of tissue analysed in biopsies may represent the true PD-L1 expression of a tumour.Methods: In this retrospective study, PD-L1 expression on tumour cells derived from bronchoscopy brush cytology, endobronchial-ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), endobronchial biopsy, transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic biopsy was compared to the PD-L1 expression of the corresponding surgical resection in lung cancer patients with regard to neoadjuvant treatment in-between.Results: A quantitative comparison between the diagnostic biopsy of the primary tumour with corresponding resected surgical specimens in a total of 113 lung cancer patients (60% male, mean age 65 ± 9 years) revealed a statistically significant correlation of PD-L1 expression on tumour cells (r=0.58, p<0.001), for patients without neoadjuvant treatment in-between and for patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment (both p<0.001). Using a cut-off value of ≥50% PD-L1 TPS for comparing the biopsy samples and resected specimens, the concordance rate was 78% with a Cohen´s Kappa of 0.45.Conclusion: A statistically significant concordance for PD-L1 expression on tumour cells between biopsies from primary lung tumour and resected specimen was found, but of uncertain clinical accuracy. The use of a cut-off value of ≥50% PD-L1 TPS resulted only in a moderate agreement. Therefore, the interpretation of the PD-L1 determined form biopsy specimens status should only be considered with caution for treatment decisions.
Realization of an Efficient Optical Interconnect Using L-Shape Photonic Waveguide via Finite Difference Time Domain Method
Authors: Nayak Sangram Kumar , Panigrahi Pratap Kumar , Palai Gopinath
Published: February 2022

The present research focuses on two dimensional L-shape waveguide for the realisation of optical interconnect at the signal of 1550 nm, which will help for the transformation of signals from one chip to another. In this article, graphene based light emitting diode generates the wavelength of 1550 nm, where PIN photodiode converts the optical signal (wavelength 1550 nm) to its electrical counterpart. The proposed wave guide (11×11 silicon rods) with L shape defect allows the signal from source to detector. The principle of mechanism relies on the propagation of field along with the defect path which is made through finite difference time domain method. Moreover, there is no loss associated with the structure during the transformation of signals. The computational result infers that the efficiency of LED is about 99.98 % where the efficiency of photodiode is 99.94 %. Finally, the suggested silicon based waveguide acts as a good candidate for the realisation of an efficient optical interconnect.