bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades asociadas a olas de calor en Antioquia, Atlántico y Valle del Cauca
Authors: Bernal-Sotelo Johanna Katherine
Published: April 2023

Introducción: en países del trópico como Colombia, el impacto de las olas de calor en la salud humana ha sido poco documentado, de manera que se desconoce si la morbilidad asociada a exposición al calor ambiental podría estar relacionada en alguna medida con los cambios de temperatura que se vienen experimentado en las últimas décadas y que se han atribuido al calentamiento global. Objetivo: identificar las zonas de Antioquia, Atlántico y Valle del Cauca con mayor riesgo de desarrollo de golpes de calor y enfermedades relacionadas con la exposición al calor ambiental. Materiales y métodos: se usó el programa MAXENT para calcular la probabilidad de ocurrencia de casos de golpe de calor y enfermedades similares según la temperatura máxima superficial, con base en la máxima entropía de los datos. Los datos usados para alimentar el programa y generar los modelos para Antioquia, Atlántico y Valle del Cauca fueron: número de atenciones en salud por hipertermia, golpe de calor y otras enfermedades asociadas a exposición al calor ambiental, clasificadas en 21 códigos CIE10 y cartografía en formato raster generada por el IDEAM, donde el valor de cada píxel corresponde a la temperatura máxima superficial diaria registrada durante el primer trimestre de 2015 y 2016. Resultados: con probabilidades mayores al 70 %, se encontró que las zonas que están en riesgo de presentar enfermedades relacionadas con hipertermia se localizan principalmente, en Antioquia, al oriente, sur y centro del departamento, en Valle del Cauca en toda la zona de influencia del río Cauca y en Atlántico a lo largo de todo su territorio. Los porcentajes de contribución de la temperatura superficial a los modelos predictivos, generados por fecha para los tres departamentos, indicaron que la temperatura de hasta dos y tres días antes de la atención en salud, fue la de mayor relevancia (>80 % de contribución) para la generación de golpe de calor y enfermedades similares. Conclusión: la vigilancia de eventos relacionados con enfermedades asociadas a la exposición al calor natural ambiental debe ser intensificada en las zonas del país que naturalmente tienden a presentar condiciones ambientales que favorecen la ocurrencia de olas de calor y en urbes densamente pobladas. La generación de modelos geográficos predictivos que usan información ambiental y registros de atenciones en salud es una alternativa que ayuda a enriquecer la inteligencia epidemiológica ante diferentes riesgos ambientales que trae consigo el cambio climático y potencialmente pueden afectar la salud de los colombianos.
Brote de Chagas de posible transmisión oral y exposición ocupacional, Maní — Casanare, 2019
Authors: Rincón Acevedo Claudia Yaneth , Caicedo Ricardo Andrés , Torres Torres Fernando , Camacho Malenna , Muñoz Herrera Claudia , Zuleta Dueñas Liliana Patricia , Bonilla Contreras Mauricio
Published: April 2023

Introducción: el departamento de Casanare es endémico para la enfermedad de Chagas donde predominan los casos crónicos y en los últimos años se han aumentado los casos agudos por presunta transmisión oral. En marzo de 2019 se configuró el primer brote en el municipio de Maní. Objetivo: describir el brote y determinar la posible vía de transmisión para establecer estrategias de prevención y control. Materiales y métodos: investigación de brote mediante: búsqueda institucional, comunitaria, pruebas de laboratorio, evaluación entomológica y sanitaria. Se diseñó encuesta en aplicativo Epicollet 5, se analizó utilizando Epi-Info 7.2.2™. Resultados: se identificaron 22 casos de chagas agudo (18 confirmados por laboratorio, 4 por nexo), tasa de ataque: 55 % (22/40). El 100 % recibió tratamiento. El 95,5 % de los casos se presentó en hombres, los principales síntomas fueron fiebre 100 %, disnea 72,7 %, dolor torácico 31,8 %. El 72,7 % de casos requirió hospitalización y un caso necesitó manejo en hospital de tercer nivel por miocardiopatía aguda. El 81,8 % (18/22) pertenecía al régimen contributivo; 40,9 % (9/22) estaba vinculado directamente y 50,1 % por tercerización de servicios. El 59,1 % (13/22) de los casos había terminado su vinculación laboral antes de que se identificara el brote. Tiempo promedio de incubación 17 días (rango 3-21 días). Se encontró Rhodnius prolixus, Eratyrus mucronatus y Panstrongylus geniculatus en el intra y peridomicilio con infección natural del 75 %. Se confirmó el brote de transmisión oral y exposición ocupacional con letalidad cero.
Benefits of Routine Inpatient EEG in Practice: Experience from a Level 4 University Hospital
Authors: Snehal Isha , Kumari Kanchan , Schissel Makayla , Swaminathan Arun
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Routine inpatient EEGs have been part of epilepsy practices for years. We aim to improve current routine EEG practices by studying their role at a large university hospital. Methods: Inpatient routine EEGs from January-July 2021 were included and patients <5 yrs., EEGs repeated on the same patient were excluded. Indications, floor status, abnormality, day of study, neurology consultation, results, treatment changes, discharge status, and prior AED use were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Results: The mean age for 250 patients was 57.27 yrs., where 54.22% were males and 45.78% were females. Indications listed were 26.5% altered mental status, 59.83% seizures, and 13.65% others. 87.36% of ICU patients had abnormal EEG vs 73.75% of floor patients. A significant association (p=0.0147) was found between floor status and EEG results. Abnormalities were 44% generalized slowing, 23.6% focal slowing, 9.2% epileptiform activity, and 23.2% others. Treatment was changed in 21.03% with abnormal vs 5.56% with normal EEG. AEDs were added in 18.46% with abnormal vs 3.7% with normal EEG. A significant association (p=0.014) was found between Neurology consultation and treatment change and with AED addition respectively. EEG result was associated with treatment change and AED addition. “Abnormal EEG” was significantly associated with further study. A significant association (p=0.0351) was found between EEG results and discharge status. 53.82% of patients were not on AED before EEG vs 46.18%. Prior AED had no association with EEG results. Conclusions: It is helpful to consult Neurology. Longer duration of routine EEGs may not show abnormalities. Routine EEG facilitates discharges and guides further workup.
EDITORIAL SCOPE – WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING
Authors: Rosli Nor Azalina , Kueh Ahmad Beng Hong
Published: April 2023

The present editorial scope of the Journal of Civil Engineering, Science, and Technology (JCEST) emphasizes one of the main disciplines of civil engineering: waste management and recycling. Waste management studies provide insights into new waste management techniques, such as recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy technologies, all of which are essential in reducing the volume of waste in landfills. In this brief editorial paper, information is gathered from the freely-accessible Scopus database to identify common keywords found in published papers related to waste management and recycling in the past decade. Based on the analysis, “waste” is found to be the top keyword in articles published on this topic in JCEST. The primary aim of this exercise is to provide researchers with a brief guide to explore the latest knowledge and advancements in waste management and recycling, in safeguarding the cleanliness and safety of our environment.
Aerodynamic influence of rim seal purge flow injection on the main flow in a 1.5-stage axial turbine with nonaxisymmetric end wall contouring
Authors: Schäflein Lukas , Janssen Johannes , Brandies Henri , Jeschke Peter , Behre Stephan
Published: April 2023

This paper presents an investigation of the aerodynamic influence of rim seal purge flow injection on the main flow in a 1.5-stage turbine with non-axisymmetric end walls and a bowed stator using experimental flow measurements and unsteady RANS simulations. The study focuses on the secondary vortex structures formed in the rotor passages of the 1.5-stage axial turbine rig. Through performance map measurements, it was found that the efficiency gain of the non-axisymmetric configuration is partially eliminated by the injection of purge flow. Numerical investigations, which are supported by detailed flow measurements with five-hole probes and hot-wire probes, revealed that the injection of purge air flow intensifies vortex structures near the hub, thereby generating additional losses. These resulting vortex structures are highly similar both in the axisymmetric baseline and the non-axisymmetric configuration and are the result of jet-like vortices emerging from the cavity. From these findings, it can be concluded that the non-axisymmetric contour and the bowed stator no longer provides any efficiency benefit near the hub. Only the near the casing, where the flow is not affected by the purge flow, the optimized configuration continues to improve the efficiency of the rig by homogenizing the stator outflow and thus reducing the secondary flow structures in the rotor passages.
Comparative performance analysis of three machine learning algorithms applied to sensor data registered by a leg-attached accelerometer to predict metritis events in dairy cattle
Authors: Vidal Gema , Sharpnack James , Pinedo Pablo , Tsai I Ching , Lee Amanda Renee , Martínez-López Beatriz
Published: April 2023

Routinely collected sensor data could be used in metritis predictive modeling but a better understanding of its potential is needed. Our objectives were 1) to compare the performance of k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers on the detection of behavioral patterns associated with metritis events measured by a leg-attached accelerometer (TrackaCow, ENGS, Hampshire, UK); 2) to study the impact of farm scheduled activities on model performance; and 3) to identify which behaviors yield the highest F1 score for metritis prediction as a function of the number of time window and time-lags. A total of 239 metritis events (188 non-metritis and 51 metritis events) were retrospectively created based on changes in two consecutive uterine evaluations from a dataset containing sensor and clinical data during the first 21 days postpartum between June 2014 and May 2017. These events were associated with a total of 10,874 - 14,138 data points corresponding to hourly measurements of lying time, lying bouts, steps, intake, and intake visits. Sensor data corresponding to the 3 days before each metritis event were aggregated every 24-, 12-, 6-, and 3-hour time windows. Multiple time-lags were also used to determine the optimal number of past observations needed for optimal classification. Similarly, different decision thresholds were compared. Depending on the classifier, algorithm hyperparameters were optimized using grid search (RF, k-NN, SVM) and random search (RF). All behaviors changed throughout the study period and showed distinct daily patterns. From the three algorithms, RF had the highest F1 score, with no impact of scheduled farm activities on classifier performance. Furthermore, 3- and 6-hour time windows had the best balance between F1 scores and number of time-lags. We concluded that steps and lying time can be used to predict metritis using data from 2 to 3 days before a metritis event. Findings from this study will be used to develop more complex prediction models that could identify cows at higher risk of experiencing metritis.
EdeepSADPr: an extensive deep-learning architecture for prediction of the in situ crosstalks of serine phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation
Authors: Jiang Haoqiang , Shang Shipeng , Sha Yutong , Zhang Lin , He Ningning , Li Lei
Published: April 2023

The in situ post-translational modification (PTM) crosstalk refers to the interactions between different types of PTMs that occur on the same residue site of a protein. The crosstalk sites generally have different characteristics from those with the single PTM type. Studies targeting the latter’s features have been widely conducted, while studies on the former’s characteristics are rare. For example, the characteristics of serine phosphorylation (pS) and serine ADP-ribosylation (SADPr) have been investigated, whereas those of their in situ crosstalks (pSADPr) are unknown. In this study, we collected 3,250 human pSADPr, 7,520 SADPr, 151,227 pS and 80,096 unmodified serine sites and explored the features of the pSADPr sites. We found that the characteristics of pSADPr sites are more similar to those of SADPr compared to pS or unmodified serine sites. Moreover, the crosstalk sites are likely to be phosphorylated by some kinase families (e.g., AGC, CAMK, STE and TKL) rather than others (e.g., CK1 and CMGC). Additionally, we constructed three classifiers to predict pSADPr sites from the pS dataset, the SADPr dataset and the protein sequences separately. We built and evaluated five deep-learning classifiers in ten-fold cross-validation and independent test datasets. We also used the classifiers as base classifiers to develop a few stacking-based ensemble classifiers to improve performance. The best classifiers had the AUC values of 0.700, 0.914 and 0.954 for recognizing pSADPr sites from the SADPr, pS and unmodified serine sites, respectively. The lowest prediction accuracy was achieved by separating pSADPr and SADPr sites, which is consistent with the observation that pSADPr’s characteristics are more similar to those of SADPr than the rest. Finally, we developed an online tool for extensively predicting human pSADPr sites based on the CNNOH classifier, dubbed EdeepSADPr. It is freely available through http://edeepsadpr.bioinfogo.org/. We expect our investigation will promote a comprehensive understanding of crosstalks.
Use of left atrial appendage as an autologous tissue source for epicardial micrograft transplantation during LVAD implantation
Authors: Schmitto Jan D. , Kuuva Aleksi , Kronström Kai , Hanke Jasmin S. , Kankuri Esko
Published: April 2023

We report here the first clinical use of the left atrial appendage (LAA) for epicardial micrograft transplantation during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Previously, a sample from the right atrial appendage (RAA) has been available for processing and administering micrograft therapy in cardiac surgery. Both LAA and RAA are rich sources of various types of myocardial cells and are capable of providing both paracrine and cellular support to the failing myocardium. The surgical approach of LAA micrografting facilitates epicardial micrograft therapy dose escalation and treatment of larger myocardial areas than done previously. Moreover, as collection of treated vs. untreated tissues from the recipient heart is possible following LVAD implantation at the time of heart transplantation, the evaluation of the therapy's mechanism of action can be further deciphered at cellular and molecular levels. This LAA modification of the epicardial micrografting technique has the overall potential to facilitate the adoption of cardiac cell therapy during heart surgery.
Consolidation of the perinatal care system and workload of obstetricians: an ecological study in Japan
Authors: Hattori Sanae , Sakata Nobuo , Ishimaru Miho , Tamiya Nanako
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We examined the relationship between consolidation of delivery and the workload of obstetricians working at perinatal centers.

Methods

We conducted a descriptive analysis using perinatal care areas classified into three types (metropolitan, provincial, and rural). We calculated the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) as an index of consolidation and the proportion of the deliveries at clinics as an indicator of the low-risk deliveries and the deliveries per center obstetrician as an indicator of obstetricians’ workload. We used >150 deliveries yearly as an excess indicator. The correlation between the HHI and obstetricians' workload and the proportion of deliveries at clinics was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

The proportion of areas with  >150 deliveries yearly was higher in the consolidated areas. In provincial areas, obstetricians’ workload was positively correlated with the HHI and was negatively correlated with the proportion of deliveries at clinics.

Conclusions

The obstetricians' workload may be increasing where more consolidation occurs. In provincial areas, the center obstetrician's workload could be reduced not only by consolidation but also by sharing the role of handling low-risk deliveries with clinics and hospitals with obstetric units other than perinatal centers.
Fasting blood glucose, blood pressure and body mass index among combined oral contraceptive users in Chencha town Southern Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Kofole Zelalem , Haile Diresbachew , Solomon Yerukneh
Published: April 2023

Background

The use of contraceptives has become prevalent among women in Ethiopia. Oral contraceptive use has been suggested to trigger changes in glucose metabolism, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and body weight, among various populations and ethnic groups.

Objective

To elucidate the pattern of fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and body mass index among combined oral contraceptive pills users compared to controls.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 110 healthy women using combined oral contraceptive pills were recruited as cases. Another 110 healthy age and sex-matched women not using any hormonal contraceptives were recruited as controls. A study was conducted between October 2018 and January 2019. Data obtained was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 software packages. One-way ANOVA was used to identify the variation of variables in relation to the duration of use of the drug. The P-value of < 0.05 at the 95% confidence level was statistically significant.

Results

Fasting blood glucose level among oral contraceptive users (88.55 ± 7.89 mg/dl) was higher than fasting blood glucose level among oral contraceptive non-users (86.00 ± 9.85 mg/dl) with a p-value of 0.025. The mean arterial pressure of oral contraceptive users (88.2 ± 8.48 mmHg) was relatively higher than their counterparts (86.0 ± 6.74 mmHg), with a p-value of 0.04. Comparatively the body weight and body mass index among oral contraceptive users were 2.5% and 3.9% higher than non-users with a p-value of 0.03 and 0.003, respectively(5). Utilization of oral contraceptive pills for prolonged period of time seemed to be a significant predictive factor for higher mean arterial pressure and body mass index with p < 0.001and p < 0.05 respectively.

Conclusions

Use of combined oral contraceptives was associated with higher fasting blood glucose (+2.9%), mean arterial pressure (+2.5%), and body mass index (3.9%) compared to controls.
Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal critical immune responses to hypoxia and sulfide in the haemolymph of clam Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Yang Zhengkuan , Wang Yihang , Jiang Puyuan , Xia Feiyu , Xu Ying , Tian Xiaofei , Zhang Xiumei
Published: April 2023

Hypoxia and sulfide are inducing potential damage to aquatic organisms. However, the effects of hypoxia and sulfide on their immune systems and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, the clam Tegillarca granosa was exposed to hypoxia alone or in combination with sulfide (0.1, 0.5 mM) to investigate the physiological and transcriptomic responses in haemolymph. The IBR analysis revealed that moderate sulfide stimulated immune responses via increasing the total hemocyte counts, phagocytic activity, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity. The transcriptomic analysis revealed many critical signaling pathways (Toll and Imd, FoxO, NLR) and biological processes (antimicrobial/antibacterial peptide, interferon, interleukin, leukocyte, lymphocyte, mitophagy) involved in the immunostimulation. Our results would offer insights into the sulfide-tolerant molecular mechanisms in this species and provide a useful tool for assessing the integrated biological impacts of hypoxia and sulfide on shellfish.
The aminotransferase Aat initiates 3-phenyllactic acid biosynthesis in Pediococcus acidilactici
Authors: Wenger Alexander , Bär Cornelia , Portmann Reto , Schmidt Remo S. , Eugster Elisabeth , Weisskopf Laure , Irmler Stefan
Published: April 2023

The function of the aminotransferase Aat (GenBank Protein WP_159211138) from Pediococcus acidilactici FAM 18098 was studied in vivo. For this purpose, the gene was replaced with an erythromycin resistance gene using the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli-Pediococcus shuttle plasmid pSET4T_Δaat. The knockout was verified by PCR and genome sequencing. Subsequently, the differences between the metabolism of the knockout and of the wild-type strain were investigated by determining the free amino acids and organic acids in culture supernatants. It was found that the knockout mutant no longer synthesized 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA). Additionally, the mutant strain no longer catabolized phenylalanine. Metabolic pathway analysis using the KEGG database indicate that P. acidilactici cannot synthesize α-ketoglutarate that is a predominant amino-group acceptor in many transamination reactions. To study the transfer of the amino group of phenylalanine, the wild-type strain was incubated with [15N] phenylalanine. Mass spectrometry showed that during fermentation, [15N] alanine was formed, indicating that pyruvic acid is an amino group acceptor in P. acidilactici. The present study shows that Aat plays a crucial role in PLA/HPLA biosynthesis and pyruvic acid is an amino acceptor in transamination reactions in P. acidilactici.
The variation of functional connectivity and activity before and after thalamotomy surgery (review)
Authors: Nili Mohammad-Hossein H. K. , Esfahan Shahrzad M. , Bagheri Yamin , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Sanayei Mehdi , Ertiaei Abolhassan , Shirani Mohammad , Dehaqani Mohammad-Reza A. , Rezayat Ehsan
Published: April 2023

Ablation surgeries are utilized to treat certain brain disorders. Recently, these surgeries have become more prevalent using techniques such as magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation and Gamma knife thalamotomy (GKT). However, as the thalamus plays a critical role in cognitive functions, the potential impact of these surgeries on functional connectivity and cognition is a matter of concern. Various approaches have been developed to locate the target for ablation and also investigate changes in functional connectivity before and after surgery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) are widely used methods for assessing changes in functional connectivity and activity in clinical research. In this Review, we summarize the use of fMRI and EEG in thalamotomy surgeries. Our analysis shows that thalamotomy surgery can result in changes in functional connectivity in motor-related, visuomotor, and default-mode networks, as detected by fMRI. EEG data also indicate a reduction in over-activities observed in the preoperative state.
Novel compound heterozygous variants in EMC1 associated with global developmental delay: a lesson from a non-silent synonymous exonic mutation
Authors: Wang Ge , Wang Yanli , Gao Chao , Xie Wanqin
Published: April 2023

Background

The endoplasmic reticulum-membrane protein complex (EMC) as a molecular chaperone is required for the proper synthesis, folding and traffic of several transmembrane proteins. Variants in the subunit 1 of EMC (EMC1) have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods

Whole exome sequencing (WES) with Sanger sequencing validation was performed for a Chinese family, including the proband (a 4-year-old girl who displayed global developmental delay, severe hypotonia and visual impairment), her affected younger sister and her non-consanguineous parents. RT-PCR assay and Sanger sequencing were used to detect abnormal RNA splicing.

Results

Novel compound heterozygous variants in EMC1, including the maternally inherited chr1: 19566812_1956800delinsATTCTACTT[hg19];NM_015047.3:c.765_777delins ATTCTACTT;p.(Leu256fsTer10) and the paternally inherited chr1:19549890G> A[hg19];NM_015047.3:c.2376G>A;p.(Val792=) are identified in the proband and her affected sister. RT-PCR assay followed by Sanger sequencing reveals that the c.2376G>A variant leads to aberrant splicing, with retention of intron 19 (561bp) in the mature mRNA, which is presumed to introduce a premature translational termination codon (p.(Val792fsTer31)).

Conclusion

Novel compound heterozygous variants in EMC1 have been identified in individuals with global developmental delay. Non-silent synonymous mutations should be kept in mind in genetic analysis.
The progress of PET/MRI in clinical management of patients with pancreatic malignant lesions
Authors: Li Jindan , Fu Chaojiang , Zhao Sheng , Pu Yongzhu , Yang Fake , Zeng Shuguang , Yang Conghui , Gao Hongqiang , Chen Long
Published: April 2023

Recently, the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer have been increasing year by year. Because of its deep anatomical location and because most presented patients often suffer from abdominal pain or jaundice, it is difficult to diagnose pancreatic cancer at an early stage, leading to late clinical stage and poor prognosis. integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) fusion imaging not only has the characteristics of high resolution and multi-parameter imaging of MRI, but also combines the high sensitivity and the semi-quantitative characteristics of PET. In addition, the continuous development of novel MRI imaging and PET imaging biomarkers provide a unique and precise research direction for future pancreatic cancer research. This review summarizes the value of PET/MRI in the diagnosis, staging, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis evaluation of pancreatic cancer, and prognosis for developing emerging imaging agents and artificial intelligence radiomics in pancreatic cancer.
Patterns, mechanism of injury and outcome of pediatric trauma at a level 1 trauma centre: a descriptive retrospective analysis
Authors: Alansari Amani N. , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Peralta Ruben , Baykuziyev Temur , Alhussaini Nour W. Z. , Asim Mohammad , El-Menyar Ayman
Published: April 2023

Background

There is a gap in knowledge on the epidemiology of pediatric trauma in the developing countries. We aimed to describe the injury pattern, mechanism of injury (MOI), and outcomes of pediatric trauma in a level 1 trauma centre in one of the Arab Middle Eastern countries.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of pediatric injury data was conducted. All trauma patients (<18 years old) requiring hospitalization between 2012 and 2021 were included. Patients were categorized and compared based on the MOI, age-group and injury severity.

Results

A 3,058 pediatric patients (20% of the total trauma admissions) were included in the study. The incidence rate in 2020 was 86 cases per 100,000 pediatric population in Qatar. The majority were male (78%) and the mean age was 9.3 ± 5.7 years. Nearly 40% had head injuries. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.8%. The median injury severity score (ISS) (interquartile range; IQR) was 9 (4–14) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was 15 (IQR 15–15). Almost 18% required Intensive Care admission. Road Traffic Injuries (RTI) were more frequent in 15–18 years old whereas ≤4 years group was mostly injured by falling objects. The case fatality rate was higher among females (5.0%), and in 15–18 years (4.6%) and <4 years (4.4%) group. Pedestrian injuries were more lethal among the MOI. One fifth had severe injury with a mean age of 11 ± 6 and 9.5% had ISS of ≥25. Predictors of severe injury were age (10 years old and above) and RTI.

Conclusion

Almost one-fifth of the trauma admissions at the level 1 trauma centre in Qatar is due to traumatic injuries among the pediatric population. Developing strategies that are based on understanding the age- and mechanism-specific patterns of traumatic injuries among the pediatric population remains crucial.
Case report: Durable response to ruxolitinib in a child with TREX1-related disorder
Authors: Bin Khathlan Yasir , Almutairi Sajdi , Albadr Fahad B. , Alangari Abdullah A. , Alsultan Abdulrahman
Published: April 2023

Background

JAK inhibitors are useful in treating interferonopathies, presumably because they downregulate the JAK/STAT signaling. There are limited studies about the safety and effectiveness of using JAK inhibitors in children with TREX1-related disorders.

Case presentation

We report an 8-year-old female who presented at five years of age with features suggestive of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like disorder. The infectious disease workup was negative. Neurological assessment was normal. A brain CT scan was performed because of headache. It showed a faint subcortical calcification at right frontal lobe and almost symmetrical calcification within the basal ganglia. Brain MRI showed bilateral symmetrical globus pallidus, high T1 signal intensities, and a few scattered nonspecific FLAIR hyperintensities in subcortical and deep white matter. IVIG as an immune modulating agent was administered initially which led to the resolution of fever, improvement of blood count parameters, inflammatory markers, and normalization of liver enzymes. The child remained afebrile with no significant events for several months, then had disease flare up. The patient was started on pulse methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg for three days, then continued on 2 mg/kg. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense TREX1 mutation NM_016381.3:c.223G > A p.(Glu75Lys). The child was started on ruxolitinib, 5 mg orally twice daily. The child has prolonged, durable remission after initiating ruxolitinib with no adverse effects. Steroids were tapered off and the patient is no longer on IVIG. The patient is still on ruxolitinib for more than two years.

Conclusion

This case highlights the potential role of ruxolitinib in the treatment of TREX1-related disorders. A longer follow-up period is required to evaluate the long-term outcome.
Development of a core dataset for child injury surveillance: a modified Delphi study in China
Authors: Gong Hairong , Wang Yuan , Li Yongzhen , Ye Pengpeng , Xie Li , Lu Guoping , Liu Jing , Song Jun , Zhai Xiaowen , Xu Hong , Duan Leilei
Published: April 2023

Background

Understanding the occurrence and severity of child injuries is the cornerstone of preventing child injuries. Currently, there is no standardized child injury surveillance dataset in China.

Methods

Multistage consultation by a panel of Chinese experts in child injury to determine items to include in the core dataset (CDS) was performed. The experts participated in two rounds of the modified Delphi method comprising a consultation questionnaire investigation (Round 1) and a face-to-face panel discussion (Round 2). Final consensus was established based on the opinions of the experts regarding the modified CDS information collection items. Enthusiasm and authority exhibited by the experts were evaluated by the response rate and using the expert authority coefficient, respectively.

Results

The expert panel included 16 experts in Round 1 and 15 experts in Round 2. The experts during both rounds had a high degree of authority, with an average authority coefficient of 0.86. The enthusiasm of the experts was 94.12%, and the proportion of suggestions reached 81.25% in Round 1 of the modified Delphi method. The draft CDS evaluated in Round 1 included 24 items, and expert panelists could submit recommendations to add items. Based on findings in Round 1, four additional items, including nationality, residence, type of family residence, and primary caregiver were added to the draft of the CDS for Round 2. After Round 2, consensus was reached on 32 items arranged into four domains—general demographic information, injury characteristics, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and injury outcome—to include in the final CDS.

Conclusion

The development of a child injury surveillance CDS could contribute to standardized data collection, collation, and analysis. The CDS developed here could be used to identify actionable characteristics of child injury to assist health policymakers in designing evidence-based injury prevention interventions.
Global heart warming: kama muta evoked by climate change messages is associated with intentions to mitigate climate change
Authors: Seibt Beate , Zickfeld Janis H. , Østby Nora
Published: April 2023

Concern about climate change is often rooted in sympathy, compassion, and care for nature, living beings, and future generations. Feeling sympathy for others temporarily forms a bond between them and us: we focus on what we have in common and feel a sense of common destiny. Thus, we temporarily experience communal sharing relationships. A sudden intensification in communal sharing evokes an emotion termed kama muta, which may be felt through tearing up, a warm feeling in the chest, or goosebumps. We conducted four pre-registered studies (n = 1,049) to test the relationship between kama muta and pro-environmental attitudes, intentions, and behavior. In each study, participants first reported their attitudes about climate change. Then, they received climate change-related messages. In Study 1, they saw one of the two moving video clips about environmental concerns. In Study 2, participants listened to a more or less moving version of a story about a typhoon in the Philippines. In Study 3, they listened to a different, also moving version of this story or an unrelated talk. In Study 4, they watched either a factual or a moving video about climate change. Participants then indicated their emotional responses. Finally, they indicated their intentions for climate mitigation actions. In addition, we measured time spent reading about climate-related information (Studies 1, 2, and 4) and donating money (Study 4). Across all studies, we found that feelings of kama muta correlated positively with pro-environmental intentions (r = 0.48 [0.34, 0.62]) and behavior (r = 0.10 [0.0004, 0.20]). However, we did not obtain evidence for an experimental effect of the type of message (moving or neutral) on pro-environmental intentions (d = 0.04 [−0.09, 0.18]), though this relationship was significantly mediated by felt kama muta across Studies 2–4. The relationship was not moderated by prior climate attitudes, which had a main effect on intentions. We also found an indirect effect of condition through kama muta on donation behavior. In sum, our results contribute to the question of whether kama muta evoked by climate-change messages can be a motivating force in efforts at climate-change mitigation.
Mediating effect of job crafting dimensions on influence of burnout at self-efficacy and performance: revisiting health-impairment process of JD-R theory in public administration
Authors: Martínez-Díaz Ana , Díaz-Fúnez Pedro Antonio , Salvador-Ferrer Carmen María , Hernández-Sánchez Brizeida Raquel , Sánchez-García José Carlos , Mañas-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In recent years, job crafting has greatly interested Work and Organizational Psychology. Different research studies have shown its positive impact on people and organizational performance. However, it knows little about the differential effect of the two dimensions that make up this variable (prevention-focused and promotion-focused) and its role in the health-impairment spiral process of the job demand-resources theory (JD-R).

Method

This research aims to analyze the mediating effect of the different dimensions of job crafting on the influence of burnout on performance and self-efficacy in the workplace. The study used a sample of 339 administrative employees of a university.

Results

The results indicate that promotion-focused job crafting is a mediating variable in the relationship between the influence of burnout on performance and self-efficacy. Unexpectedly, prevention-focused job crafting does not have this mediating role in the same relationship.

Discussion

These findings confirm the adverse impact of burnout on personal and organizational improvement, while showing the absence of prevention/protection responses of employees when they are burned out. The theoretical and practical implications show an advance in knowledge about the process of health deterioration and about the spiral of health deterioration in the JD-R theory.
The double-edged impact of Internet use on mental health outcomes among Filipino university students: the mediating role of online social support
Authors: Abad Santos Paolo Miguel T. , Cleofas Jerome V. , Austria Arianne Gail O. , de Guzman Alejandra Kamiya B. , Sarile Brianna Angela F.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Evidence supports both the positive and negative effects of Internet use on mental health outcomes, but it remains unclear on the role of online social support in this relationship. This study examined the link between daily hours of general Internet use and bidimensional mental health (BMMH) through the pathway of online social support (OSSS).

Methods

Drawing from a sample of 247 Filipino university students, this cross-sectional study tested two simple mediation models that considered mental wellbeing and psychological distress as outcome variables.

Results

Findings show that the total effect of Internet use is positive and negative for mental wellbeing and psychological distress, respectively. Online social support mediated the favorable effects of Internet use on BMMH outcomes. However, the introduction of OSSS as a mediator yielded residual direct effects with opposing signs for both models. The resultant inconsistent mediation in the models signifies the double-edged impact of Internet use on mental health, with favorable effects transmitted through online social support.

Discussion

Findings highlight the importance of online social support as a pathway to harness the positive effects of Internet on mental health. Recommendations to improve online social support for students are discussed herein.
Use of immigration status for coercive control in domestic violence protection orders
Authors: Alsinai Aisha , Reygers Max , DiMascolo Lisa , Kafka Julie , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Adhia Avanti , Bowen Deirdre , Shanahan Sandra , Dalve Kimberly , Ellyson Alice M.
Published: April 2023

In the context of domestic violence (DV), immigration-related circumstances can be exploited by an abuser to coerce and manipulate their partner. Using an intersectional structural framework, we examine how social structures overlaid with immigration-specific experiences operate to further enhance opportunities for abuse against immigrant women. We conducted a textual analysis to identify how socially constructed systems interact with a victim-survivor's immigration status to introduce more tools for abusers to engage in coercive control and/or acts of violence in a random sample of petitioners (i.e., victim-survivors) who were granted a Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO) in King County, WA (n= 3,579) from 2014–2016 and 2018–2020. We hand-reviewed textual petitioner narratives and identifiedn= 39 cases that discussed immigration-related circumstances and related acts of violence and coercion. These narratives included threats to contact authorities to interfere with an ongoing immigration process, deportation threats, and threats that would separate families. In many cases, petitioners indicated that immigration-related threats prevented them from leaving the violent partner, seeking help, or reporting the abuse. We also found mention of barriers for victims to receive protection and gain autonomy from further abuse including a lack of familiarity with US protections and laws, and restrictions on authorizations to work. These findings demonstrate that structurally created immigration-specific circumstances provide opportunities for threats and retaliation against victim-survivors by abusers and create barriers to seeking help initially. Policy should respond to anticipate these threats in the immigrant community and engage early responders (e.g., healthcare providers, law enforcement) to support victim-survivors from immigrant communities.
Teratorn and its relatives – a cross-point of distinct mobile elements, transposons and viruses
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Takeda Hiroyuki
Published: April 2023

Mobile genetic elements (e.g., transposable elements and plasmids) and viruses display significant diversity with various life cycles, but how this diversity emerges remains obscure. We previously reported a novel and giant (180 kb long) mobile element, Teratorn, originally identified in the genome of medaka, Oryzias latipes. Teratorn is a composite DNA transposon created by a fusion of a piggyBac-like DNA transposon (piggyBac) and a novel herpesvirus of the Alloherpesviridae family. Genomic survey revealed that Teratorn-like herpesviruses are widely distributed among teleost genomes, the majority of which are also fused with piggyBac, suggesting that fusion with piggyBac is a trigger for the life-cycle shift of authentic herpesviruses to an intragenomic parasite. Thus, Teratorn-like herpesvirus provides a clear example of how novel mobile elements emerge, that is to say, the creation of diversity. In this review, we discuss the unique sequence and life-cycle characteristics of Teratorn, followed by the evolutionary process of piggyBac-herpesvirus fusion based on the distribution of Teratorn-like herpesviruses (relatives) among teleosts. Finally, we provide other examples of evolutionary associations between different classes of elements and propose that recombination could be a driving force generating novel mobile elements.
Machine-Learning-Based Model for Hurricane Storm Surge Forecasting in the Lower Laguna Madre
Authors: Davila Hernandez Cesar , Ho Jungseok , Kim Dongchul , Oubeidillah Abdoul
Published: April 2023

During every Atlantic hurricane season, storms represent a constant risk to Texan coastal communities and other communities along the Atlantic coast of the United States. A storm surge refers to the abnormal rise of sea water level due to hurricanes and storms; traditionally, hurricane storm surge predictions are generated using complex numerical models that require high amounts of computing power to be run, which grow proportionally with the extent of the area covered by the model. In this work, a machine-learning-based storm surge forecasting model for the Lower Laguna Madre is implemented. The model considers gridded forecasted weather data on winds and atmospheric pressure over the Gulf of Mexico, as well as previous sea levels obtained from a Laguna Madre ocean circulation numerical model. Using architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) combined, the resulting model is capable of identifying upcoming hurricanes and predicting storm surges, as well as normal conditions in several locations along the Lower Laguna Madre. Overall, the model is able to predict storm surge peaks with an average difference of 0.04 m when compared with a numerical model and an average RMSE of 0.08 for normal conditions and 0.09 for storm surge conditions.
Muscle Wasting among Hospitalized Children: A Narrative Review of the Feasibility and Accuracy of Diagnostic Methods
Authors: AlQahtani Sheikha , Aldisi Dara
Published: April 2023

Muscle wasting is associated with a worse quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children, especially those with chronic diseases. This review was conducted to summarize the data available on the most feasible and accurate diagnostic methods for detecting muscle wasting among hospitalized children, especially to review the evidence of the accuracy and feasibility of conducting assessments using handgrip strength (HGS). Many diagnostic methods are used in hospital settings to assess muscle wasting, by evaluating either muscle mass or strength, with evidentiary support for assessing muscle mass provided using ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, dual-energy X-ray, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and anthropometry measurements. Currently, the most common diagnostic method used to detect muscle strength loss is the handheld dynamometer. Studies support using HGS among healthy and hospitalized children to assess the overall nutritional status and especially muscle function. However, almost all of these studies have been conducted in hospital settings and recruited children with different chronic diseases using a small sample size. More longitudinal cohort studies with large sample sizes are needed to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using HGS among hospitalized children.
Clinical Profile and Predictors of Survival in Carcinoma Penis Patients
Authors: Garg Vikas , Ray Mukurdipi , Haresh K. P. , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar , Sharma Atul , Kaushal Seema , Batra Atul
Published: April 2023

Background: Carcinoma penis is a rare neoplasm, and the literature is scarce on long-term survival and its predictors. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile and management patterns, identify predictors of survival, and the impact of education and rural/urban dwelling on survival. Methods: Patients with a histological diagnosis of carcinoma penis from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in the study. Demographics, clinical profile, education status, primary residence address, and outcomes were obtained from the case records. Distance from the treatment centre was obtained from the postal code. The primary objectives were to assess relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary objectives were to identify the predictors of RFS and OS and to determine the clinical profile and treatment patterns in patients with carcinoma penis in India. Time-to-event was calculated by Kaplan–Meir analysis and survival was compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to find independent predictors of relapse and mortality. Logistic regression analyses to examine the associations of rural residence, education status, and distance from the treatment centre with the relapse adjusting for measured confounding variables. Results: Case records of 102 patients treated during the above period were retrieved. The median age was 55.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 42–65 years). Ulcero-proliferative growth (65%), pain (57%), and dysuria (36%) were the most common presenting features. Clinical examination or imaging revealed inguinal lymphadenopathy in 70.6% of patients, however, only 42% of these lesions were pathologically involved. A total of 58.8% of patients were from rural areas, 46.9% had no formal education, and 50.9% had a primary residence ≥100 km from the hospital. Patients with lower education and rural households had higher TNM stages and nodal involvement. Median RFS and OS were 57.6 months (15.8 months to not reached) and 83.9 months (32.5 months to not reached), respectively. On univariate analysis tumor stage, involvement of lymph nodes, T stage, performance status, and albumin was predictive for relapse and survival. However, on multivariate analysis, the stage remained the only predictor of RFS and nodal involvement, and metastatic disease was a predictor of OS. Education status, rural habitation, and distance from the treatment centre were not predictors for relapse or survival. Conclusions: Patients with carcinoma have locally advanced disease at presentation. Rural dwellings and lower education were associated with the advanced stage but did not have a significant bearing on the survival outcomes. The stage at diagnosis and nodal involvement is the most important predictor of RFS and OS.