bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of uncertainty of measurement for cellulosic fiber and isotactic polypropylene composites subjected to tensile testing
Authors: Mokaloba N. , Batane R.
Published: May 2016

There is evident effort shown by the global scientific community towards experimental investigation and characterization of cellulosic fibers geared towards optimizing cellulosic fibers for composite processing. Areas of attention include fiber chemical pre-treatment, composite architectural considerations such as the fiber loading effects and matrix hydrophilicity, amongst the others. On one hand, there has not been much exploration geared towards assessment and ascertainment of the effects and influence of test systems and environmental conditions particularly to mechanical testing with regard to conveying the quality of results. This research seeks to outline specific factors with adverse contribution to the results for cellulosic-fiber composites based on tensile test. By virtue of the tensile test’s inherent similarity in configuration to stress relaxation and creep test, the methodology of quantification of doubt which exists about this test could also be applied to the latter two based on that the two tests are a paramount criteria for cellulosic fiber composites’ long term performance characterization. Factors contributing to uncertainty of measurement have been identified and their respective effect quantified. This is in a bid to convey the quality of results and outline laboratory environmental elements to critically control and monitor in order to achieve authentic results. Relative humidity and temperature were observed to be the main contributors to uncertainty of measurement at 96.32% and 3.25 % correspondingly. The resulting expanded uncertainty exhibited levels in the margins of 20 %, which cautions for critical control of the environment and the testing system if consistently accurate results are to be assured.Keywords: Uncertainty of measurement, tensile, cellulosic fiber composite, mercerization, sisal fiber
Optimal power flow by particle swarm optimization with an aging leader and challengers
Authors: Singh Rudra Pratap , Mukherjee V , Ghoshal S.P.
Published: May 2016

Optimal power flow (OPF) is defined as the optimization of operating states of a power system and the corresponding settings of control variables. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an aging leader and challengers (ALC-PSO) is applied for the solution of OPF problem of power system. This study is implemented on modified IEEE 30-bus test power system with different objectives that reflect minimization of either fuel cost or active power loss or sum of total voltage deviation. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach and show its effectiveness and robustness for solving the OPF problems over the other evolutionary optimization techniques surfaced in the recent state-of-theart literature.Keywords: Four to six keywords are to be provided for indexing purposes
Comparative study of classical controllers for LFC of an isolated hybrid distributive generation system
Authors: Kumar Tarkeshwar , Mukherjee V , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, load frequency control of an isolated hybrid distributive generation (IHDG) following small step load perturbation is analyzed. A powerful quasi-opposition harmony search algorithm has been used for optimization of the controller gains of the studied IHDG model. Performance of some of the classical controllers such as integral (I), proportional–integral (PI), integral–derivative (ID) and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) are compared in the present work. The simulation results show that better control performance in terms of overshoot and settling time has been achieved by choosing PID controller among the other classical controllers considered (such as I, PI and ID). Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out for testing the robustness of the PID controller.Keywords: Harmony search algorithm; isolated hybrid distributive generation; load frequency control; PID controller
Generator scheduling under competitive environment using genetic algorithm
Authors: Singhal P.K. , Naresh R , Sharma V , Nadakuditi G.K.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the GENCOs profit based unit commitment problem (PBUCP) in a dayahead competitive electricity markets considering power and reserve generations simultaneously, whereas enhanced lambda iteration (ELI) method is used to solve the economic dispatch (ED) sub-problem. The proposed algorithm helps GENCO to take decision regarding how much power and reserve must be put up for sale in the markets to receive the maximum profit. Moreover, two types of market strategies based on the demand constraint are discussed and implemented. Performance of GA is tested on 3-unit, 12-h and 10-unit, 24-h test systems. Results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the other methods reported in the literature.Keywords: Competitive electricity market, Economic dispatch, Genetic algorithm, Unit commitment
Guiding Principles for a Pediatric Neurology ICU (neuroPICU) Bedside Multimodal Monitor
Authors: Eldar Yonina , Gopher Daniel , Gottlieb Amihai , Lammfromm Rotem , Mangat Halinder , Peleg Nimrod , Pon Steven , Rozenberg Igal , Schiff Nicholas , Stark David , Yan Peter , Pratt Hillel , Kosofsky Barry , Grinspan Zachary
Published: May 2016

Physicians caring for children with serious acute neurologic disease must process overwhelming amounts of physiological and medical information. Strategies to optimize real time display of this information are understudied.

Our goal was to engage clinical and engineering experts to develop guiding principles for creating a pediatric neurology intensive care unit (neuroPICU) monitor that integrates and displays data from multiple sources in an intuitive and informative manner.

To accomplish this goal, an international group of physicians and engineers communicated regularly for one year. We integrated findings from clinical observations, interviews, a survey, signal processing, and visualization exercises to develop a concept for a neuroPICU display.

Key conclusions from our efforts include: (1) A neuroPICU display should support (a) rapid review of retrospective time series (i.e. cardiac, pulmonary, and neurologic physiology data), (b) rapidly modifiable formats for viewing that data according to the specialty of the reviewer, and (c) communication of the degree of risk of clinical decline. (2) Specialized visualizations of physiologic parameters can highlight abnormalities in multivariable temporal data. Examples include 3-D stacked spider plots and color coded time series plots. (3) Visual summaries of EEG with spectral tools (i.e. hemispheric asymmetry and median power) can highlight seizures via patient-specific “fingerprints.” (4) Intuitive displays should emphasize subsets of physiology and processed EEG data to provide a rapid gestalt of the current status and medical stability of a patient.

A well-designed neuroPICU display must present multiple datasets in dynamic, flexible, and informative views to accommodate clinicians from multiple disciplines in a variety of clinical scenarios.
Modeling of the anthropogenic heat flux and its effect on regional meteorology and air quality over the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Xie Min , Liao Jingbiao , Wang Tijian , Zhu Kuanguang , Zhuang Bingliang , Han Yong , Li Mengmeng , Li Shu
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Anthropogenic heat (AH) emissions from human activities caused by urbanization can affect the city environment. Based on the energy consumption and the gridded demographic data, the spatial distribution of AH emission over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is estimated. Meanwhile, a new method for the AH parameterization is developed in the WRF/Chem model, which incorporates the gridded AH emission data with the seasonal and diurnal variations into the simulations. By running this upgraded WRF/Chem for 2 typical months in 2010, the impacts of AH on the meteorology and air quality over the YRD region are studied. The results show that the AH fluxes over the YRD have been growing in recent decades. In 2010, the annual-mean values of AH over Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are 14.46, 2.61 and 1.63 W m−2, respectively, with the high value of 113.5 W m−2 occurring in the urban areas of Shanghai. These AH emissions can significantly change the urban heat island and urban-breeze circulations in the cities of the YRD region. In Shanghai, 2 m air temperature increases by 1.6 °C in January and 1.4 °C in July, the PBLH (planetary boundary layer height) rises up by 140 m in January and 160 m in July, and 10 m wind speed is enhanced by 0.7 m s−1 in January and 0.5 m s−1 in July, with a higher increment at night. The enhanced vertical movement can transport more moisture to higher levels, which causes the decrease in water vapor at ground level and the increase in the upper PBL (planetary boundary layer), and thereby induces the accumulative precipitation to increase by 15–30 % over the megacities in July. The adding of AH can impact the spatial and vertical distributions of the simulated pollutants as well. The concentrations of primary air pollutants decrease near the surface and increase at the upper levels, due mainly to the increases in PBLH, surface wind speed and upward air vertical movement. But surface O3 concentrations increase in the urban areas, with maximum changes of 2.5 ppb in January and 4 ppb in July. Chemical direct (the rising up of air temperature directly accelerates surface O3 formation) and indirect (the decrease in NOx at the ground results in the increase in surface O3) effects can play a significant role in O3 changes over this region. The meteorology and air pollution predictions in and around large urban areas are highly sensitive to the anthropogenic heat inputs, suggesting that AH should be considered in the climate and air quality assessments.
A review of sources of systematic errors and uncertainties in observations and simulations at 183 GHz
Authors: Brogniez Hélène , English Stephen , Mahfouf Jean-François , Behrendt Andreas , Berg Wesley , Boukabara Sid , Buehler Stefan Alexander , Chambon Philippe , Gambacorta Antonia , Geer Alan , Ingram William , Kursinski E. Robert , Matricardi Marco , Odintsova Tatyana A. , Payne Vivienne H. , Thorne Peter W. , Tretyakov Mikhail Yu. , Wang Junhong
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Several recent studies have observed systematic differences between measurements in the 183.31 GHz water vapor line by space-borne sounders and calculations using radiative transfer models, with inputs from either radiosondes (radiosonde observations, RAOBs) or short-range forecasts by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This paper discusses all the relevant categories of observation-based or model-based data, quantifies their uncertainties and separates biases that could be common to all causes from those attributable to a particular cause. Reference observations from radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and Raman lidar are thus overviewed. Biases arising from their calibration procedures, NWP models and data assimilation, instrument biases and radiative transfer models (both the models themselves and the underlying spectroscopy) are presented and discussed. Although presently no single process in the comparisons seems capable of explaining the observed structure of bias, recommendations are made in order to better understand the causes.
Assembly processes of gastropod community change with horizontal and vertical zonation in ancient Lake Ohrid: a metacommunity speciation perspective
Authors: Hauffe Torsten , Albrecht Christian , Wilke Thomas
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The Balkan Lake Ohrid is the oldest and most diverse freshwater lacustrine system in Europe. However, it remains unclear whether species community composition, as well as the diversification of its endemic taxa, is mainly driven by dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, or species interaction. This calls for a holistic perspective involving both evolutionary processes and ecological dynamics, as provided by the unifying framework of the “metacommunity speciation model”.The current study used the species-rich model taxon Gastropoda to assess how extant communities in Lake Ohrid are structured by performing process-based metacommunity analyses. Specifically, the study aimed (1) to identifying the relative importance of the three community assembly processes and (2) to test whether the importance of these individual processes changes gradually with lake depth or discontinuously with eco-zone shifts.Based on automated eco-zone detection and process-specific simulation steps, we demonstrated that dispersal limitation had the strongest influence on gastropod community composition. However, it was not the exclusive assembly process, but acted together with the other two processes – environmental filtering and species interaction. The relative importance of the community assembly processes varied both with lake depth and eco-zones, though the processes were better predicted by the latter.This suggests that environmental characteristics have a pronounced effect on shaping gastropod communities via assembly processes. Moreover, the study corroborated the high importance of dispersal limitation for both maintaining species richness in Lake Ohrid (through its impact on community composition) and generating endemic biodiversity (via its influence on diversification processes). However, according to the metacommunity speciation model, the inferred importance of environmental filtering and biotic interaction also suggests a small but significant influence of ecological speciation. These findings contribute to the main goal of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) deep drilling initiative – inferring the drivers of biotic evolution – and might provide an integrative perspective on biological and limnological dynamics in ancient Lake Ohrid.
Fate of terrigenous organic matter across the Laptev Sea from the mouth of the Lena River to the deep sea of the Arctic interior
Authors: Bröder Lisa , Tesi Tommaso , Salvadó Joan A. , Semiletov Igor P. , Dudarev Oleg V. , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Ongoing global warming in high latitudes may cause an increasing supply of permafrost-derived organic carbon through both river discharge and coastal erosion to the Arctic shelves. Here it can be either buried in sediments, transported to the deep sea or degraded to CO2 and outgassed, potentially constituting a positive feedback to climate change. This study aims to assess the fate of terrestrial organic carbon (TerrOC) in the Arctic marine environment by exploring how it changes in concentration, composition and degradation status across the wide Laptev Sea shelf. We analyzed a suite of terrestrial biomarkers as well as source-diagnostic bulk carbon isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) in surface sediments from a Laptev Sea transect spanning more than 800 km from the Lena River mouth (~ 10 m water depth) across the shelf to the slope and rise (2000–3000 m water depth). These data provide a broad view on different TerrOC pools and their behavior during cross-shelf transport. The concentrations of lignin phenols, cutin acids and high-molecular weight (HMW) wax lipids (tracers of vascular plants) decrease by 89–99 % along the transect. Molecular-based degradation proxies for TerrOC (e.g., the carbon preference index of HMW lipids, the HMW acids/alkanes ratio and the acid/aldehyde ratio of lignin phenols) display a trend to more degraded TerrOC with increasing distance from the coast. We infer that the degree of degradation of permafrost-derived TerrOC is a function of the time spent under oxic conditions during protracted cross-shelf transport. Future work should therefore seek to constrain cross-shelf transport times in order to compute a TerrOC degradation rate and thereby help to quantify potential carbon-climate feedbacks.
Influence of groundwater on distribution of dwarf wedgemussels (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the upper reaches of the Delaware River, northeastern USA
Authors: Rosenberry Donald O. , Briggs Martin A. , Voytek Emily B. , Lane John W.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The remaining populations of the endangered dwarf wedgemussel (DWM) (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the upper Delaware River, northeastern USA, were hypothesized to be located in areas of greater-than-normal groundwater discharge to the river. We combined physical (seepage meters, monitoring wells and piezometers), thermal (fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing, vertical bed-temperature profiling, infrared), and geophysical (electromagnetic-induction) methods at several spatial scales to characterize known DWM habitat and explore this hypothesis. Numerous springs were observed using visible and infrared imaging along the river banks at all three known DWM-populated areas, but not in adjacent areas where DWM were absent. Vertical and lateral groundwater gradients were toward the river along all three DWM-populated reaches, with median upward gradients 3 to 9 times larger than in adjacent reaches. Point-scale seepage-meter measurements indicated that upward seepage across the riverbed was faster and more consistently upward at DWM-populated areas. Discrete and areally distributed riverbed temperature measurements indicated numerous cold areas of groundwater discharge during warm summer months; all were within areas populated by DWM. Electromagnetic induction measurements, which may indicate riverbed geology, showed patterning but little correlation between bulk streambed electromagnetic conductivity and areal distribution of DWM. Collectively, multiple lines of research provide strong evidence that DWM are located within or directly downstream of areas of substantial focused groundwater discharge to the river. Broad scale thermal-reconnaissance methods (e.g., infrared) may be useful in locating and protecting other currently unknown mussel populations.
The imprint of crustal density heterogeneities on regional seismic wave propagation
Authors: Plonka Agnieszka , Blom Nienke , Fichtner Andreas
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Density heterogeneities are the source of mass transport in the Earth. However, the 3D density structure remains poorly constrained because traveltimes of seismic waves are only weakly sensitive to density. Inspired by recent developments in seismic waveform tomography, we investigate if the visibility of 3D density heterogeneities may be improved by inverting not only traveltimes of specific seismic phases but complete seismograms. As a first step in this direction, we perform numerical experiments to estimate the effect of 3D crustal density heterogeneities on regional seismic wave propagation. While a finite number of numerical experiments may not capture the full range of possible scenarios, our results still indicate that realistic crustal density variations may lead to traveltime shifts of up to ∼ 1 s and amplitude variations of several tens of percent over propagation distances of ∼ 1000 km. Both amplitude and traveltime variations increase with increasing epicentral distance and increasing medium complexity. They are practically negligible when the correlation length of the heterogeneities is much larger than the wavelength. However, when the correlation length approaches the wavelength, density-induced waveform perturbations become prominent. Recent regional-scale full-waveform inversions that resolve structure at the scale of a wavelength already reach this regime. Our numerical experiments suggest that waveform perturbations induced by realistic crustal density variations can be observed in high-quality regional seismic data. While density-induced traveltime differences will often be small, amplitude variations 15 exceeding ±10 % are comparable to those induced by 3D velocity structure and attenuation. While these results certainly encourage more research on the development of 3D density tomography, they also suggest that current full-waveform inversions that use amplitude information may be biased due to the neglect of 3D variations in density.
O ESTATUTO DA CARREIRA DOCENTE EM PORTUGAL: MARCOS E CONTEXTOS
Authors: Grochoska Grochoska Andreia
Published: May 2016

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar contribuições para os debates da valorização do professor tendo como referência o estatuto da carreira docente e a unicidade das carreiras.  Para esta construção utilizou-se dos estudos bibliográficos, análise de documentos, em especial os decretos e leis que regulamentam a carreira e, de entrevistas com professores e dirigentes sindicais portugueses. O texto se divide em três momentos: o primeiro apresentará as bases históricas de como se deu a aprovação do estatuto; o segundo abordará por meio da legislação, as questões de como se estrutura a carreira dos professores e por último uma breve apresentação da conjuntura atual no que diz respeito à valorização docente no país. A organização deste trabalho tem como pano de fundo, a organização do Estado Português, que diferente do Brasil, organiza-se de forma federativa, Portugal tem uma organização unitária. Tal condição, mesmo não sendo o ponto central da análise deste texto, promove sem dúvida intervenções nos aspectos referentes à valorização do professor. Em linhas gerais podemos concluir que apesar das diferenças de organização, as preocupações com a valorização do professor nos aproximam, enquanto em Portugal a profissionalização significa a valorização, no Brasil, a valorização pode também ser traduzida em profissionalização do professor.
O Enem como processo seletivo para o ensino superior: algumas considerações sobre a democratização do acesso e sobre o construto do exame
Authors: Oliveira Andrea Barros carvalho
Published: May 2016

O Enem, criado inicialmente para avaliar os egressos da educação básica, tem desempenhado um papel central nas políticas governamentais destinadas ao nível superior. Neste artigo, analisamos o uso do exame como processo seletivo unificado levando em conta dois aspectos: a validade do exame, relacionada ao construto de competências e habilidades apresentado em sua matriz de referência; o papel do mesmo na democratização do acesso às vagas e no estímulo à mobilidade acadêmica. Concluiu-se que embora o conceito de competências diferencie o Enem dos vestibulares tradicionais, faltam estudos de validade que evidenciem a eficácia do exame (Primi e cols, 2001, Vianna, 2003 e Azanha, 2006). As ações destinadas à democratização do ensino superior, nas quais se inclui a adoção do Enem como processo seletivo, têm se mostrado insuficientes para promover a igualdade de oportunidades educacionais devido às discrepâncias no nível dos estudantes motivadas por diversos fatores, entre eles a baixa qualidade da educação básica oferecida na rede pública.
Direito a educação, universalização e qualidade: cenários da Educação Básica e da particularidade do Ensino Médio
Authors: Silva Monica Ribeiro da
Published: May 2016

O texto faz inicialmente uma discussão conceitual sobre direito à educação. Em seguida, aborda a problemática que cerca esse direito com base no que determinam a Constituição Federal de 1988, a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação de 1996 e o Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024. Traz dados sobre a oferta da educação básica e os analisa à luz do princípio constitucional do direito e do dever do Estado. A partir dessa análise discute a problemática da universalização do Ensino Médio e do acesso à escola por parte das juventudes brasileiras.
Texto Integral
Authors: Souza Angelo Ricardo de
Published: May 2016

Texto integral volume 9, números 17 e 18
Pré-textuais
Authors: Souza Angelo Ricardo de
Published: May 2016

Pré-textuais do volume 9
A mistura social nos bairros gentrificados: uma brincadeira de criança?
Authors: Authier Jean-Yves , Lehman-Frisch Sonia
Published: May 2016

O artigo trata da questão da mistura social nos bairros gentrificados. Para tanto toma como campo empírico a observação de crianças com idade entre 9 e 11 anos, moradoras da cidade de Paris, França. O trabalho discute a mescla das crianças nos processos de socialização, e analisa os efeitos de classe social e do espaço neste processo. As conclusões indicam que as sociabilidades das crianças, no bairro investigado, são ao mesmo tempo mais numerosas e mais abertas socialmente que aquelas de seus pais e do que as dos adultos dos bairros gentrificados em geral.
Políticas de Formação Inicial e Continuada de Docentes Alfabetizadores
Authors: Sigwalt Carmen Sá Brito , Brito Rosana Alburquerque Sá , Guimarães Sandra Regina Kirchner
Published: May 2016

Estudo que analisa três grandes momentos de formação docente de alfabetizadores e as políticas educacionais que os sustentam. O primeiro, denominado de tradicional; o segundo, chamado de construtivista; e o terceiro, que procura a superação dos dois primeiros momentos, buscando a junção das dimensões gráficas e semântica. O referencial de análise é a concepção de alfabetizar letrando, na qual a alfabetização (domínio do sistema gráfico) e o letramento (uso da leitura e da escrita nas diversas funções sociais) são trabalhadas conjuntamente. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram os limites dos dois primeiros momentos e os avanços do terceiro período, bem como a necessidade da articulação de diferentes políticas junto às de formação docente
O piso salarial profissional nacional, a política de fundos e o vencimento dos profissionais do magistério público estadual de educação básica de Santa Catarina
Authors: Bollmann Maria da Graça Nobrega , Bassi Marcos Edgar
Published: May 2016

O artigo analisa a trajetória do vencimento dos profissionais do magistério público estadual da educação básica de Santa Catarina entre 1995 e 2014 no contexto da política de fundos e da implantação do piso salarial profissional nacional. As análises quantitativa e documental realizadas nesse contexto, sobre os dados do quadro do magistério disponibilizados pela Secretaria do Estado da Educação e sobre os valores dos vencimentos extraídos das tabelas de vencimentos do magistério publicadas na legislação estadual, permitiram a constatação de significativas alterações, tanto na composição do quadro do magistério quanto na trajetória do valor dos seus vencimentos ao longo do período. A maioria dos profissionais do magistério progrediu para o nível de Pós-Graduação em grau de Especialização, próximo do topo da carreira, nos valores mais elevados de vencimentos. A trajetória dos vencimentos, por sua vez, mostra desvalorização nos anos iniciais do período, estabilização nos anos intermediários com baixos valores e valorização real apenas com o cumprimento da lei do piso depois de ter sido confirmada a sua constitucionalidade pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Contudo, o governo estadual conteve a repercussão dessa valorização ao longo da carreira ao achatar a dispersão percentual entre os vencimentos, desestruturando o plano de carreira e remuneração do magistério estadual.
Long term experience with a novel interventional cardiology network model: Learned lessons
Authors: Nuñez Gil Ivan J. , Bas Marian , Fernández-Ortiz Antonio , Escaned Javier , Salinas Pablo , Nombela-Franco Luis , Jiménez-Quevedo Pilar , Gonzalo Nieves , Vizcayno María José Pérez , Macaya Carlos
Published: May 2016

Objective: Many studies have assessed ischemic heart disease due to its high prevalence, secondary morbidities, high death rate, economic and social impact. We propose a novel model of intervention, the central objective of which is to guarantee the equal opportunity, avoiding patient transport and improving the use of resources assigned to cardiac care, ensuring patient safety and efficiency.Methods: We projected a model in which interventional cardiologists based at a high-volume center (Madrid, Hospital Clínico San Carlos [HCSC]) established an alliance with two other hospitals (Leganés, Hospital Severo Ochoa [HSO] and Alcalá, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias [Hospital Príncipe de Asturias ]), creating the opportunity to install a catheterization laboratory at each hospital (satellite units). We reviewed the clinical and economic long-term results, together with local hospital satisfaction levels.Results: Between 2000 and 2014, 63,817 cardiac procedures: 54,516 at HCSC, 7,618 at HSO (since 2003) and 1,683 at HUPA (since 2012) were performed. Using a random sample obtained between 2011-2012 assessing 737 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) classified according to the patient’s residence. No significant differences in bleedings during the first year (3.2% vs. 1.2%; p = .29), readmissions for a new myocardial infarction (5.7% vs. 3.5%; p = .41) or any-cause mortality (0.7% vs. 0%, p = .418)were observed. Subsequent scoring by professionals revealed both a high degree of satisfaction with the model and significant cost-savings implementing this network.Conclusions: A network on interventional cardiology is a sustainable experience in our environment, offering a high standard of patient-centered care quality, as required by health authorities and national and international scientific-societies. It reduced costs, and was perceived with an excellent degree of satisfaction by professionals and managers of the peripheral centers.
A Diachronic Approach to the Motive of Crypto-Functions of Formal Markers in English
Authors: Dong Baohua
Published: May 2016

This paper, based on the exploration of crypto-functions of formal markers in English (Dong, 2016), preliminarily attempts to explicate the motive of their crypto-functions in systemic functional framework through a diachronic approach. The study firstly claims that formal markers can be treated as one of multiple linguistic expressions deployed for constructing the experiential phenomenon. Then the study assumes that the motive of crypto-functions of formal markers can be revealed from the diachronic conventionalization of multiple linguistic expressions towards formal markers in their process of experience construction. And such an assumption has then been tested with the distribution frequencies of formal markers in Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). It is found that, with the diachronic increase of the distribution frequencies of formal markers in COHA, the diachronic conventionalization of multiple linguistic expressions towards formal markers does exist, and that such a conventionalization is then attributed to language chunk composed of formal markers together with other following elements and renders formal markers prefabricate potential, thus resulting in their crypto-functions. 
Death and Immortality—An Everlasting Puzzle: A Comparative Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s Two Poems
Authors: Liu Qigang
Published: May 2016

Emily Dickinson as a religious poet was obsessed with the subject of death and immortality; about third of her poems feature this enigma which baffles not only the ordinary multitudes but also those great thinking minds throughout the human history. But up to now, it remains by and large a matter of belief, and people’s belief is subject to vacillation, especially so when this elusive subject is concerned. Emily Dickinson is no exception. This article makes use of close reading as its analyzing method. By way of detailed examinations on the semantic ambiguity and uncertainty of particular words, the narrative incoherence revealed in the unusual change of tenses as well as the inconsistency in the image of Death, it reveals that Dickinson, like many other great thinking minds, held an ambivalent attitude towards death and immortality. As a matter of fact, what can be deduced from all her poems on this enigma is an obsessed spirit which was questioning, doubting while at the same time believing.
Solving Boundary-Layer Problems by Residual-Power-Series Method
Authors: Taib Shatnawi Mohd
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the so-called residual-power-series (RPS) method is presented for solving nonlinear boundary-layer equations. The RPS method provides a single unified treatment for the linear and nonlinear terms in the equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the RPS method is demonstrated for both a single and a system of two coupled boundary-layer equations on an unbounded domain.
Simple biophysics underpins collective conformations of the intrinsically disordered proteins of the Nuclear Pore Complex
Authors: Vovk Andrei , Gu Chad , Opferman Michael G , Kapinos Larisa E , Lim Roderick YH , Coalson Rob D , Jasnow David , Zilman Anton
Published: May 2016

Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) are key cellular transporter that control nucleocytoplasmic transport in eukaryotic cells, but its transport mechanism is still not understood. The centerpiece of NPC transport is the assembly of intrinsically disordered polypeptides, known as FG nucleoporins, lining its passageway. Their conformations and collective dynamics during transport are difficult to assess in vivo. In vitro investigations provide partially conflicting results, lending support to different models of transport, which invoke various conformational transitions of the FG nucleoporins induced by the cargo-carrying transport proteins. We show that the spatial organization of FG nucleoporin assemblies with the transport proteins can be understood within a first principles biophysical model with a minimal number of key physical variables, such as the average protein interaction strengths and spatial densities. These results address some of the outstanding controversies and suggest how molecularly divergent NPCs in different species can perform essentially the same function.
Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
Authors: Goloborodko Anton , Imakaev Maxim V , Marko John F , Mirny Leonid
Published: May 2016

The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome 'condensation', and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis.
Durability to oxygen reactive ion etching enhanced by addition of synthesized bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl-containing (meth)acrylates in ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Ito Shunya , Sato Hiroki , Tasaki Yuhei , Watanuki Kimihito , Nemoto Nobukatsu , Nakagawa Masaru
Published: May 2016

We investigated the selection of bis(trimethylsilyl)phenyl-containing (meth)acrylates as additives to improve the durability to oxygen reactive ion etching (O2 RIE) of sub-50 nm imprint resist patterns suitable for bubble-defect-free UV nanoimprinting with a readily condensable gas. 2,5-Bis(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene, which has a diacrylate chemical structure similar to that of glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate used as a base monomer, and 3-(2-methacryloyloxyethoxy)-1-(hydroxylethoxy)-2-propoxy-3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene, which has a hydroxy group similar to the base monomer, were synthesized taking into consideration the Ohnishi and ring parameters, and the oxidization of the trimethylsilyl moiety to inorganic species during O2 RIE. The addition of the latter liquid additive to the base monomer decreased etching rate owing to the good miscibility of the additive in the base monomer, while the addition of the former crystalline additive caused phase separation after UV nanoimprinting. The latter additive worked as a compatibilizer to the former additive, which is preferred for etching durability improvement. The coexistence of the additives enabled the fabrication of a 45 nm line-and-space resist pattern by UV nanoimprinting, and its residual layer could be removed by O2 RIE.
Effects of alkali treatments on Ag nanowire transparent conductive films
Authors: Kim Sunho , Kang Jun-gu , Eom Tae-yil , Moon Bongjin , Lee Hoo-Jeong
Published: May 2016

In this study, we employ various alkali materials (alkali metals with different base strengths, and ammonia gas and solution) to improve the conductivity of silver nanowire (Ag NW)-networked films. The alkali treatment appears to remove the surface oxide and improve the conductivity. When applied with TiO2 nanoparticles, the treatment appears more effective as the alkalis gather around wire junctions and help them weld to each other via heat emitted from the reduction reaction. The ammonia solution treatment is found to be quick and aggressive, damaging the wires severely in the case of excessive treatment. On the other hand, the ammonia gas treatment seems much less aggressive and does not damage the wires even after a long exposure. The results of this study highlight the effectiveness of the alkali treatment in improving of the conductivity of Ag NW-networked transparent conductive films.
An incoherent scatter radar study of the midnight temperature maximum that occurred at Arecibo during a sudden stratospheric warming event in January 2010
Authors: Gong Yun , Zhou Qihou , Zhang Shaodong , Aponte Nestor , Sulzer Michael
Published: May 2016

We present an analysis of the thermospheric midnight temperature maximum, a large increment of temperature around midnight. The analysis is based on data collected from the Arecibo incoherent scatter radar during 14–21 January 2010. The experiment overlaps with a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event which commenced on 18 January 2010. Throughout the observation, the ion temperature exhibited moderate increase around postmidnight during 14–17 January, while it showed more intense increment during 18–21 January. In particular, on 20 January, the amplitude of the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) is 310 K, which is seldom seen at Arecibo. During the SSW, the meridional wind reverses toward the pole just before the commencement of the MTM. Then, the poleward wind and the ion temperature maximize almost at the same time. The variation of meridional wind and the MTM are consistent with the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) studies, which suggested that the variation is due to effects from an upward propagating terdiurnal tide. On the nights of 18–19 January, the MTM showed clear phase variation at the heights of 265, 303, and 342 km. A strong terdiurnal tide has been observed during the SSW and it is likely generated from low atmosphere and propagating upward. Our results provide direct observational evidence that the propagating upward terdiurnal tide plays an important role in causing the MTM, which supports the WAM simulations.
Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials
Authors: Liu Chao , Agarwal Kriti , Zhang Yuping , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy , Azad Abul K. , Cho Jeong‐Hyun
Published: May 2016

Terahertz metamaterials (THz MMs) have been proven to be good candidates for chemical, biological, temperature, strain, and position sensing. However, currently developed thin‐metal‐film‐based split ring resonator (SRR) MMs have relatively low quality factor (Q‐factors), leading to a poor sensitivity, which is one of the obstacles for development of sensors. In order to enhance the Q‐factor, novel THz MMs, nanopillar‐based MMs, are designed, fabricated, and characterized. The nanopillar‐based MMs excite the inductive‐capacitive resonance via desplacement currents, showing a significantly enhanced Q‐factor around 450, which is about 30 times higher than typical thin‐metal‐film‐based MMs. Nanopillar‐based MMs also show 17 times larger frequency shift compared to the metal‐film‐based MMs when the permittivity of the ambient dielectric properties of the MMs changes. Due to high Q‐factor and large frequency shift, the nanopillar‐based THz MMs utilizing displacement current have great potential for highly sensitive chemical and biomaterial detection as well as frequency‐agile THz devices.
All‐Stabilizing Proportional Controllers for First‐Order Bi‐Proper Systems with Time Delay: An Analytical Derivation
Authors: Nesimioglu Baris Samim , Soylemez Mehmet Turan
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a simple derivation for an all‐stabilizing proportional controller set for first‐order bi‐proper systems with time delay is proposed. In contrast to proper systems, an extremely limited number of studies are available in the literature for such bi‐proper systems. To fill this gap in the literature, broader aspects of the stabilizing set are taken into consideration. The effect of zero on the stabilizing set is clearly discussed and we also prove that, when their zeros are placed symmetrically to the origin, the stabilizing set of non‐minimum phase plant is always smaller than that of the minimum phase one. Moreover, for an open‐loop unstable plant, maximum allowable time delay (MATD) is explicitly expressed as a function of the locations of the pole and zero. From that function, it is shown that for a minimum phase plant, the supremum of the MATD is two times that of the time constant of the plant and the infimum of the MATD is the time constant of the plant. We also prove that the supremum is the time constant and the infimum is zero for a non‐minimum phase plant.
Television's Mixed Messages: Choose the Best and Mute the Rest
Authors: Schreck Kimberly A. , Ramirez Joshua E.
Published: May 2016

Media consistently influences peoples' choices from what to buy, to the state of the social world, to treatment choices for people with mental health problems or autism. This study investigated television networks' (i.e., National Broadcasting Company, American Broadcasting Company, and Columbia Broadcasting System) representation of non‐scientifically and scientifically supported treatments for autism. Transcripts (N = 312) from 2000 to 2012 were analyzed for the inclusion of autism treatment keywords and negative or positive comments about treatments. Results indicated that networks used the most keywords about applied behavior analysis (ABA), with diet therapies a close second. Trends over the 12‐year span showed increased coverage of non‐scientifically supported treatments. Similar positive and negative descriptive words were used for both ABA and non‐scientifically supported treatments with trends decreasing over the 12 years for both positive and negative terms about ABA. The results indicate that parents continue to receive inaccurate information about effective treatments for children with autism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manage interpretation of medical, forensic evidence in Title IX hearings on campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2016

The Office for Civil Rights has called attention to higher ed professionals' lack of training in medical and forensic evidence, including results of medical examinations and drug or alcohol tests.
Learn how to effectively conduct a resource audit
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2016

Proposed legislation would require colleges and universities to conduct campus climate surveys on a regular basis. But even as higher ed professionals focus on creating and implementing campus climate surveys, many miss an important first step — conducting a resource audit.
Stent implantation to relieve native obstructed left partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections
Authors: A. McCrossan Brian , O'Callaghan Barry , P. Walsh Kevin
Published: May 2016

Obstructed partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (APVC) are rare but may be associated with severe pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) and warrant urgent relief. There are a number of case reports of successful catheter intervention for obstructed total APVC. We present the first reported case of catheter intervention to relieve obstructed, left sided PAPVC in a neonate with Turner syndrome. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Cathodoluminescence of the Rare Earth Activated Host Lattices Gd3Te2Li3O12 and Y3Te2Li3O12
Authors: OTTO R. , KEMMLER‐SACK S.
Published: May 2016

in the visible region is observed, whereas the pure host lattices show no significant emission.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoaquation of the Iodopentaamminechromium(III) Ion in Acidic Aqueous Solution.
Authors: KIRK A. D. , ARUNACHALAM S. , KNEELAND D.
Published: May 2016

The photoaquation of (Cr(NH3)5I)2+ has been investigated in aqueous HClO4 with 546 nm‐irradiation at 8 °C. The results show that the iodo complex, like the chloro and bromo pentaammines, loses ammonia efficiently on irradiation into the ligand field bands with at most a minor yield of iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Structure, and Reactions of N,N‐Difluoro‐sulfonylfluoridamide.
Authors: ROESKY H. W. , OTTEN U. , OBERHAMMER H.
Published: May 2016

FSO2NF2 has been prepared by fluorination (F2) of FSO2NH2 in the temp. range 20‐50 °C (74% yield after 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Craig‐Distribution of Rare Earth Elements in the System Tributylphosphate‐Nitric Acid. Part 12. Preparation of Pure Erbium Oxide.
Authors: ROSSMANITH K. , UNFRIED P.
Published: May 2016

Yttrium earth mixtures of 4‐6% Er content have been concentrated to 60% Er2O3 by repeated Craig‐distributions with 4 M HNO3 lower phase for separation of Y, and with 11 M HNO3 for separation of Ho and Tm.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Compounds of the Lanthanoids. Part 37. (Cp2Lu(μ‐PPh2)2Li(tmeda))·1/2 C6H5CH3, the First Organolanthanoid Phosphane Compound to Be Characterized by X‐Ray Structure Analysis.
Authors: SCHUMANN H. , PALAMIDIS E. , SCHMID G. , BOESE R.
Published: May 2016

By reaction of the corresponding di‐μ‐methyl complexes (I) with HPPh2 the complexes (III) are obtained via stepwise substitution of the methyl ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Reaction of Allyl Acetates with Electrogenerated Carbanions in the Presence of Pd(0)‐Catalyst.
Authors: MINATO M. , NONAKA T. , FUCHIGAMI T.
Published: May 2016

Bei der durch Palladium(0) katalysierten elektrophilen Reaktion der Allylacetate (II) mit den aus den CH‐aciden Verbindungen (I) elektrochemisch erzeugten Carbanionen entstehen die Olefine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hexafluorobutadiene with Phenylacetylene. Part 1. PrimaryProducts.
Authors: KAZ'MINA N. B. , KURBAKOVA A. P. , LEITES L. A. , KVASOV B. A. , MYSOV E. I.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between hexafluorobutadiene (I) and phenylacetylene (II)yields the (2 + 4) cycloadduct (III) and the (2 + 2) cycloadduct (IV) as the primary products.
ChemInform Abstract: (2 + 4) and (6 + 4) Type Cycloaddition Reactions of 1‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐1H‐azepine and 1‐Ethoxycarbonyl‐1H‐1,2‐diazepine with 3,4,5,6‐Tetrachloro‐1,2‐benzoquinone.
Authors: SAITO K. , MUKAI T. , IIDA S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the azepine (I) with the quinone (II) yields the (6 + 4)‐type cycloadduct (III) as main product and the (2 + 4)‐type cycloadducts (IV) and (V) as by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Heterocycles from Pyrrolethiols. Thieno(2,3‐b)pyrroles, Thieno(3,2‐b)pyrroles and Thiazolo(3,2‐a)pyrroles from Pyrrol‐2‐yl Phenacyl Sulfides.
Authors: HARRIS R. L. N. , MCFADDEN H. G.
Published: May 2016

A reinvestigation of the cyclization of the pyrrole (Ia) in PPA showsthat rearrangement of the sulfur substituent from position 2 to position 3 precedes cyclization to yield the thieno(3,2)pyrrole (IIIa) rather than the thieno(2,3)pyrrole (IIa) previously proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Catalytic Reaction of Elemental Sulfur with Acetylenes by Cobalt Complexes.
Authors: DZHEMILEV U. M. , SELIOV F. A. , KHAFIZOF V. R. , KHALILOV L. M. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: May 2016

Unter dem Einfluß des aus Cobalt‐2‐ethylhexanoat und Triethylaluminium in Dimethylsulfoxid hergestellten Katalysators (II) reagiert das Hexin (I) unter Schwefeleinschiebung und Dimerisierung zu einem Gemisch aus Dithiacyclohexadien (III), dem Thiophen (IV) sowie den Tributylbenzolen (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: New (2‐Chlorovinyl)chlorocarbenes.
Authors: SHAVRIN K. N. , DOLGII I. E. , NEFEDOV O. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Trichlorolefine (I) und (III) ergeben mit Kalium‐tert.‐butylat die im Titel genannten Carbene, die mit Cyclohexen bzw. Isobutylen zu den Cyclopropanen (II) und (IV) abgefangen werden.