bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH ELIT POLITIK INDONESIA DALAM KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA
Authors: Debora Chatrine , Sulaiman Yohanes
Published: January 2020

Kelompok kepentingan menjadi saluran bagi masyarakat dalam mengekspresikan opini atau pandangannya kepada pemerintah yang dimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembuatan kebijakan bisa juga menjadi tekanan dan menimbulkan masalah baru untuk para pembuat kebijakan dalam mengimplementasikan kebijakan yang diputuskan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tulisan ini membahas bagaimana kelompok Islam Radikal berusaha mempengaruhi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia melalui isu Palestina. Selanjutnya akan dibahas menggunakan teori kepemimpinan yang dikemukakan Margareth yang menyatakan bahwa pemimpin menjadi aktor penting dalam pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri dalam interpretasinya yang juga dipengaruhi politik domestik. Teori persuasi elit politik yang dikemukakan Snyder yang menyatakan elit politik menggunakan isu etnis dalam mencapai tujuan politiknya. sebagai kelompok penekan yang digunakan dan saling mendukung dengan partai oposisi pemerintahan Jokowi yakni Gerindra dan PKS yang memiliki kesamaan ide mengenai anti imperialisme dan penjajahan asing berupaya memperbesar pengaruh dengan melakukan mobilisasi massa dalam tujuannya mencapai kursi di pemerintahan dan mempertahakan posisinya dalam masyarakat dengan penyebaran ide dan pemahaman terkait isu Islam. Oleh karena itu, upaya meredam gejolak politik dalam negeri dan mempertahankan kepemimpinan serta kredibilitasnya serta untuk semakin aktif dalam perpolitikan luar negerinya, Jokowi berusaha memberikan apa yang diinginkan oleh masyarakat yang memperjuangkan ide-ide tersebut dengan ikut fokus dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina dan menekan kelompok oposisi yang berusaha menurunkan kepemimpinan dalam pemerintahannya bahwa pihak yang memiliki kedudukan dan pengakuan dalam pemerintahan.
La concepción de cuerpo desde la perspectiva platónica y su incidencia en la relación estética-educación humanismo desde la lectura de Fedón 57-72*
Authors: Ospina José de Jesús Herrera
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta una lectura hermenéutica de la concepción de cuerpo desde la filosofía de Platón, particularmente de su diálogo el Fedón, haciendo énfasis en la relación que se puede establecer entre la estética, la educación y el humanismo. Este trinomio es muy importante en la historia cultural de Occidente, habida cuenta que la mayoría de filósofos e investigadores de otras disciplinas le han prodigado mucho de su tiempo para entender y proponer a partir de estos referentes modelos educativos que permitan entender la cultura y el mundo en que se vive.
O CASO PLUTÃO E A NATUREZA DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Albuquerque Vanessa Nóbrega de , Leite Cristina
Published: January 2020

Em 2006, Plutão, que até então era definido como “planeta”, teve sua classificação alterada para a nomenclatura “planeta anão”. Na época, esta mudança teve grande repercussão na mídia. Plutão voltou a ser notícia com a chegada da sonda New Horizons a Plutão em julho de 2015. Considerando que o entendimento sobre a complexidade que envolve a definição dos corpos celestes poderia auxiliar a percepção da ciência como empreendimento histórico, social, coletivo, não linear e não neutro, apresenta-se um levantamento histórico dos episódios que envolveram as várias definições de planeta, comentando as primeiras observações do céu realizadas por nossos antepassados, até chegar às resoluções que estabeleceram quais seriam os atributos de um “planeta”, definidas na 26ª Assembleia Geral da União Astronômica Internacional, reunião na qual decidiu-se pela reclassificação de Plutão. De modo a contribuir com subsídios para que se realizem discussões sobre a natureza da ciência, mediadas por temas da Astronomia, explicita-se quais características desse saber ficam evidentes ao estudar os episódios mencionados.
O PLANETÁRIO COMO AMBIENTE NÃO FORMAL PARA O ENSINO SOBRE O SISTEMA SOLAR
Authors: Almeida Gabrielle De Oliveira , Zanitti Mateus Henrique Rufini , Carvalho Cintia Luana de , Dias Edson Wander , Gomes Alessandro Damasio Trani , Coelho Fernando Otávio
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma atividade de educação não formal, desenvolvida no planetário de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, da qual participaram trinta e três alunos do Ensino Médio de uma Escola Estadual de um município próximo a São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais. A pesquisa buscou explorar um dos recursos educacionais do planetário como ambiente para o ensino sobre os astros do Sistema Solar. A atividade consistiu de uma sessão de cúpula em que houve a exibição de um filme sobre o Sistema Solar. Um mesmo questionário foi aplicado antes e após a atividade. Os resultados foram comparados por meio de testes estatísticos, apontando para uma diferença estatisticamente significativa das médias do pré e do pós-teste. São discutidas as potencialidades dos planetários como ambiente para a promoção da educação não formal e sua interface com a escola básica, visando suprir a demanda do ensino de Astronomia.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO SOBRE ASTRONOMIA
Authors: Barbosa José Isnaldo de Lima , Voelzke Marcos Rincon
Published: January 2020

Os temas relacionados à Astronomia nem sempre são trabalhados de forma adequada no sistema formal de educação, assim como, sua divulgação na mídia é muitas vezes carregada de sensacionalismo, no entanto, nesse contexto os estudantes vão formando suas explicações a respeito. Logo, esse trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar as possíveis representações sociais de estudantes do Ensino Médio Integrado sobre o termo indutor Astronomia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza básica, descritiva, para tanto, adota-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, os procedimentos para a obtenção dos dados ocorreram na forma de levantamento, e os sujeitos envolvidos foram 653 estudantes do Ensino Médio Integrado. Os resultados indicam que os discentes pesquisados possuem representações sociais do objeto Astronomia, as quais são alicerçadas em elementos provenientes do espaço formal de educação, e também divulgados na mídia, além disso, demonstram que os estudantes têm informações sobre Astronomia, e uma posição valorativa em relação a esta ciência.
Visual Ethnography
Authors: Hondros John
Published: January 2020

John Hondros’ website is Visual Ethnography of Amateur Video Makers. Hondros’ research advances our understanding of how websites can be used to represent ethnographies in a visually rich and interactive way through his documentation of amateur video makers’ transition to the Internet age. Rather than starting from the YouTube generation, Hondros’ choice to research the adoption of the Internet by already established video makers offers a rare insight into the impact of the Internet on their distribution practices. In particular, the project offers a useful “route-map” for how to go about designing a website to represent ethnographies of online spaces. Hondros’ work engages three key areas: public access TV in California, UK video activists, and fan video makers examining how they have each made the transition to various online methods of distribution, revealing insights into the affordances (and limitations) of various platforms. The website forms the audio-visual support for Hondros’ theory-based PhD, but it also operates as a stand alone visual ethnography of his informants’ passionate, though problematic, engagement with amateur video making.
Intracellular zinc mobilization is required for nNOS (+) neuron loss. Role of zinc in the excitotoxic cascade
Authors: GRANZOTTO Alberto
Published: January 2020

NMDA receptor (NMDAR) overstimulation by glutamate promotes massive calcium (Ca2+) entry and initiates a cascade of events leading to the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, intraneuronal zinc (Zn2+) mobilization, and, ultimately, neuronal demise (Choi 1992).  This glutamate-driven form of neuronal death has been described as excitotoxicity (Olney 1969).  NADPH-diaphorase neurons [nNOS (+) neurons] are a subpopulation of nitric-oxide synthase-overexpressing interneurons that is spared from the NMDAR-mediated neuronal death (Koh and Choi, 1988).  The mechanisms underlying the reduced vulnerability of nNOS (+) neurons to NMDAR-driven neuronal death are still largely unexplored.  In the talk, we will discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the reduced vulnerability of nNOS (+) neurons.  Differences between nNOS (+) and nNOS (-) neurons as far as changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial functioning, ROS production as well as the intraneuronal accumulation of Zn2+ were investigated.  We found that nNOS (+) neurons differ from nNOS (-) cells by lacking the production of a significant amount of ROS in response to NMDAR activation.  The absence of NMDA-driven oxidative stress shown by the nNOS (+) neurons abolished the neurotoxic accumulation of Zn2+.  Exposure of nNOS (-) neurons to NMDA in the presence of TPEN (a Zn2+ chelator) mimicked the behavior of the nNOS (+) subpopulation and preserved the nNOS (-) population from the excitotoxic damage.  These results indicate that Zn2+ mobilization is the mandatory step of the excitotoxic cascade.  These findings identify the intraneuronal accumulation of Zn2+ as a therapeutic target for the treatment of excitotoxic prone neurological conditions. 
Pregabalin protected cisplatin-induced oxidative neurotoxicity in neuronal cell line
Authors: ERTİLAV Kemal
Published: January 2020

Cisplatin (CSP) is used treatment of several cancers. However, it has also adverse effect through excessive reactive oxygen species production and activation of TRPV1 channel activation in neurons. Pregabalin (PGAB) has antioxidant and calcium channel blocker actions in neurons. I have investigated protective role of PGAB against the adverse effects of CSP in DBTRG neuronal cells. The neuronal cells were divided into four groups as control group, PGAB group (500 M for 24 1 hrs), CSP group (25 M for 24 hrs), and PGAB+CSP combination group. CISP-induced decrease of cell viability, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level in the cells were increased in the neurons by PGAB treatment. However, CSP-induced increase of apoptosis, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, TRPV1 current densities through the increase mitochondrial oxidative stress were decreased in the neurons by PGAB treatment. In conclusion, CSP-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS and cell death levels in the neuronal cells were decreased through the decrease of TRPV1 activation with the effect of PGAB treatment. CSP-induced drug resistance in the neurons might be reduced by PGAB treatment.
Projected Versus Perceived Destination Image
Authors: Ferrer-Rosell Berta , Marine-Roig Estela
Published: January 2020

Due to the spectacular growth of traveler-generated content (TGC), researchers are using TGC as a source of data to analyze the image of destinations as perceived by tourists. In order to analyze a destination's projected image, researchers typically look to websites from destination
marketing or management organizations (DMOs). The objective of this study is to calculate the gap between the projected and perceived images of Barcelona, Catalonia, in 2017, using Gartner's classification and applying compositional analysis. The official online press dossier is used as an
induced source, the Lonely Planet guidebook as an autonomous source, and a collection of more than 70,000 online travel reviews hosted on TripAdvisor as an organic source. In addition to quantitative content analysis, this study undertakes two thematic analyses: the masterworks of architect
Gaudi recognized as UNESCO WHS as part of the cognitive image component and feeling-related keywords as part of the affective image component. The results reveal strong differences between the induced and organic sources, but much smaller differences between the autonomous and organic sources.
These results can be useful for DMOs to optimize promotion and supply.
Hiring People with Disabilities As a Csr Strategy in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Köseoglu Mehmet Ali , Hon Alice , Kalargyrou Valentini , Okumus Fevzi
Published: January 2020

According to corporate social responsibility (CSR), firms should conduct activities focusing not only on the self-interest of the firm but also on benefiting society. Drawing on the CSR approach, this study investigates the barriers to employment for people with physical disabilities (PWPDs) in the Hong Kong (HK) tourism industry. Forty-seven human resources (HR) managers, directors, and members of the HK Hotel Association were interviewed. The main barriers to employing PWPDs include firms' lack of intent to employ people with disabilities (PWDs), the physical layout of organizations, the lack of an HR management model related to PWDs, and the lack of communication between industry and related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) related to PWPDs.
Hubungan Paritas dan Umur Ibu Terhadap Persalinan Sectio Caesarea di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar Tahun 2019
Authors: Hartuti Noviyani , Wulandari Ikrawanty Ayu , Erna Erna
Published: January 2020

Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh di RSU Bahagia Makassar pada tahun 2016 jumlah ibu bersalin sebanyak 873 ibu bersalin dan dan jumlah ibu bersalin denagan SC sebanyak 407 orang (46,%), pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 469 ibu bersalin dan dan jumlah ibu bersalin dengan SC sebanyak 469 orang (53,6%), pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 915 ibu bersalin dan jumlah ibu besalin dengan SC sebanyak 416 orang (45,4%) dan pada tahun 2019 periode Januari sampai dengan April sebanyak 337 ibu bersalin dengan SC sebanyak 158 orang (46,8%).Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dan umur ibu terhadap persalinan Sectio Caesarea di RSU Bahagia Makassar Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Section Study untuk mengetahui hubungan paritas dan umur ibu terhadap persalinan Sectio Caesarea di RSU Bahagia Makassar dengan jumlah populasi 337 orang dan jumlah sampel  337 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Total  Sampling. Responden dengan  paritas beresiko tinggi terhadap persalinan section caesarea terdiagnosa sebayak 25 orang (7,4 %) dan paritas yang beresiko rendah  terhadap persalinan section caesarea sebanyak 312 orang (92,6 %). Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square diperoleh  nilai P (0,091) ≥ α (0,05), maka Ho diterima Ha ditolak. Responden dengan umur ibu beresiko terhadap persalinan sectio caesarea terdignsa sebanyak 57 orang (16,9%) dan umur ibu yang  beresiko rendah terhadap persalinan sectio caesarea sebanyak 280 orang (83,1%). Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square diperoleh  nilai P (0,461) ≥  α (0,05), maka Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Kesimpulan dari kedua variabel yaitu paritas dan umur ibu, kedua variabel tidak ada yang  berhubungan terhadap persalinan sectio caesarea di RSU Bahagia Makassar tahun 2019
Hubungan Antara Pekerjaan dan Usia Kehamilan Dengan Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini Di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar 2019
Authors: Irwan Hadriani , Agusalim Agusalim , Yusuf Hardiyanti
Published: January 2020

Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 922 orang, Tahun 2018 jumlah ibu bersalin sebanyak 915 orang dan pada tahun 2019 periode Januari-April jumlah ibu bersalin sebanyak 337 orang. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pekerjaan dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pekerjaan dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahagia Makassar dengan jumlah populasi 337 orang dan jumlah sampel 183 orang dengan menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji chi-square (pearson chi-square) diperoleh untuk variabel pekerjaan nilai p =  0,021 < dari α = 0,05, artinya bahwa ada hubungan antara pekerjaan dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini. Untuk variabel pengetahuan nilai p = 0,009 < dari α = 0,05 artinya ada hubungan antara usia kehamilan ibu dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini. Kesimpulan dari kedua variabel yaitu pekerjaan dan usia kehamilan ibu, menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian ketuban pecah dini.
Dynamical Structure of Small Bulges Reveals Their Early Formation in ΛCDM Paradigm
Authors: Costantin Luca , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , Corsini Enrico M. , Morelli Lorenzo , Lorenzo-Cáceres Adriana de , Pagotto Ilaria , Cuomo Virginia , L. Aguerri J. Alfonso , Rubino Michela
Published: January 2020

The Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) paradigm of galaxy formation predicts that dense spheroidal stellar structures invariably grow at early cosmic time. These primordial spheroids evolve toward a virialized dynamical status as they finally become today’s elliptical galaxies and large bulges at the center of disk galaxies. However, observations reveal that small bulges in spiral galaxies are common in the nearby universe. The prevailing belief that all small bulges form at later times from internal processes occurring in the disk represents a challenge for the ΛCDM scenario. Notably, the coevolution of bulges and central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at early phases of galaxy evolution is also at stake. However, observations have so far not provided conclusive evidence against their possible early origin. Here, we report new observations of small bulges showing that they follow the mass–velocity dispersion relation expected for virialized systems. Contrary to previous claims, small bulges bridge the gap between massive ellipticals and globular clusters. This dynamical picture supports a scenario where systems over seven orders of magnitude in stellar mass form at early cosmic time. These results alleviate the tension between ΛCDM simulations and observations at galactic scales. We hypothesize that these small bulges are actually the low-mass descendants of compact objects observed at high redshift, also known as red nuggets, which are consistently produced in cosmological ΛCDM simulations. Therefore, this also suggests that the established coevolution of SMBHs and large bulges naturally extends to spheroids in the low-mass regime.
TWO PERCENT OF GDP FOR DEFENSE
Authors: Holcner Vladan
Published: January 2020

First, advantages and disadvantages connected with measuring military expenditures as a share of national GDP are being discussed. Subsequently, the article analyzes development of defense burden in NATO nations during the past decade in the context of spending commitments within NATO. First, this analysis covers the years 2009 through 2013 in relation to the spending commitment after the Bucharest NATO Summit. Second, the analysis focuses on the development of defense burden between 2014 and 2018 in relation to the commitment to allocate at least 2% of GDP for defense in 2025 latest.
Les réceptions à la résidence de France à Washington : vitrine gastronomique de la France et outil diplomatique des ambassadeurs (de 1893 à aujourd’hui)
Authors: Boué Séverine
Published: January 2020

« L’art culinaire sert d’escorte à la diplomatie européenne. » Cet aphorisme de Marie-Antoine Carême dans son ouvrage L’art de la cuisine française au xix e  siècle. Traité élémentaire et pratique , se vérifie tout particulièrement dans les relations diplomatiques franco-américaines. Si la gastronomie française est synonyme de prestige gastronomique et est appréciée dans le monde entier depuis le xviii e  siècle, elle l’est tout particulièrement aux États-Unis. Les ambassadeurs français qui se succèdent à Washington depuis 1893, date à laquelle la France élève sa légation au rang d’ambassade, le comprennent bien. Elle est un outil diplomatique. Ne parle-t-on pas de diplomatie culinaire ? Un bon repas peut avoir une vertu pacificatrice. En période de tensions ou de crises entre la France et les États-Unis, il n’est pas rare que l’ambassadeur organise des dîners à la résidence de Kalorama pour détendre l’atmosphère, maintenir le dialogue ou le renouer entre les deux pays.
La Voix protestante de l’Europe. Les évangélisateurs américains à la conquête des ondes européennes (1945-1965)
Authors: Stoneman Timothy
Published: January 2020

Pendant les deux décennies qui suivirent la Seconde Guerre mondiale, des hommes de radio, évangéliques conservateurs américains, conçurent plusieurs grands projets pour porter la bonne parole en Europe, qu’ils voyaient comme le couronnement de leur projet de radio missionnaire mondiale. Lancer une « Voix de l’Europe » protestante émettant sur ondes moyennes leur posa une série de défis qu’ils n’avaient pas eu à relever en Amérique du Nord ou dans les pays du Sud. Le succès arriva par des voies inattendues, grâce au mouvement d’évangélisation de la jeunesse Youth for Christ et au baptiste et homme de radio débutant Paul Freed. En émettant depuis plusieurs sites commerciaux situés à la périphérie de l’Europe continentale, à Tanger, Monaco et aux Antilles néerlandaises, Freed développa une formule efficace associant la diffusion sous licence d’émissions religieuses américaines en ondes longues et courtes et des partenariats avec des évangélisateurs locaux. Une vision périphérique de la radiodiffusion européenne d’après-guerre nuance l’identification de la radio au territoire national, au service public et à l’entreprise d’État. Elle donne une place singulière à ces deux décennies d’après-guerre au sein du continuum de l’histoire de la radiodiffusion en Europe et d’une histoire globale de la radio.
Aux origines de la famille romaine. Critique de la méthode de P. Bonfante
Authors: Hanard G.
Published: January 2020

Vers la fin du 19e s., P. Bonfante, inspiré par les théories évolutionnistes de Lamarck, a proposé une image originale des "initia" de la famille romaine archaïque et de son évolution pendant 13 siècles. Cette hypothèse qui, par-delà la structure familiale, se souciait de fournir un cadre explicatif unitaire au développement de nombreuses institutions du droit privé, séduit, aujourd’hui encore, un grand nombre de romanistes réputés. Pourtant, la recherche actuelle tire de l’examen direct des sources du droit familial, des conclusions qui ébranlent les fondements essentiels de la construction de P. Bonfante. C’est à un examen de ces objections, émises de façon parfois incidente, implicite ou dispersée que nous nous sommes livrés pour tenter de restituer par contrecoup une image de la famille romaine plus conforme au donné des sources dont nous disposons actuellement.
The Effectiveness of Feminist Pedagogy in Empowering a Community of Learners
Authors: Falk-Rafael Adeline R. , Chinn Peggy L. , Anderson Mary Ann , Laschinger Heather , Rubotzky Alicebelle Maxson
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a pedagogy grounded in feminist ideals has the potential to empower students to make changes consistent with those ideals in their personal and professional lives. In Phase I, qualitative data were collected through e-mail questionnaires from students in two nursing schools, one in Canada and one in the United States. Findings were used to identify an appropriate tool to measure the empowering influence of feminist pedagogy. In Phase 2, a pretest-posttest design used Barrett’s Power as Knowing Participation in Change Tool (PKPCT) to measure student empowerment. A clinical setting was added in a third baccalaureate nursing program. A total of 218 students participated in seven course offerings—four classroom and three clinical. One hundred one matched pairs were obtained, for an overall response rate of 46%.

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that overall empowerment scores, as measured by the PKPCT, and classroom empowerment (CE), as measured by the addition of a variable (i.e., the ability to contribute in class), increased significantly from pretest to posttest. Interaction between Sites 1 and 2 was also significant. Regression analysis indicated posttest CE scores added to pretest PKPCT and CE scores provided a strong model to predict overall empowerment scores, measured by the PKPCT at Time 2 (R2 = .703).

Despite limitations related to loss of follow up and low response rates at one site, the results of this study supported both hypotheses: that empowerment would increase over the course of the class in which feminist pedagogical principles were used, and that classroom empowerment is likely to extend beyond the classroom to personal and work environments.
Le sexe et ses doubles
Authors: Awondo Patrick
Published: January 2020

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, la question de l’orientation sexuelle et des identités de genre est devenue un sujet de débat public dans de nombreux pays africains. En lien avec la montée des violences anti-homosexuelles dans les années 2000, la recherche en sciences sociales s’est attelée à montrer que l’Afrique, soudainement homophobe, fut pendant longtemps un lieu de tolérance pour la diversité sexuelle, à condition qu’elle reste confinée dans l’espace privé. Dans ce contexte, sur la base d’une double enquête ethnographique au Cameroun et en France, Patrick Awondo analyse l’émergence de l’homosexualité comme sujet politique et son expression dans les parcours des « migrants sexuels » africains en France. Cet ouvrage propose ainsi un traitement ethnographique inédit de la naissance d’un militantisme homosexuel en Afrique sub-saharienne postcoloniale et de la construction de l’homosexualité comme question publique dans un contexte plus général d’« ensauvagement » de la société africaine.
Methodology Proposal for Logistics Management in an Automobile Company
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Maidely , Sánchez-Partida Diana , Cano-Olivos Patricia , Martínez-Flores José-Luis
Published: January 2020

Logistics impacts the costs and effectiveness of the client service system directly; therefore, it is of paramount importance to adequately design and operate warehouses in order to achieve lower costs and higher performance. The Pino Automotive México S.A de C.V for car supplies faces problems at the time of arranging goods as well as while measuring and controlling the logistics activity. This document presents a study case where the authors propose a methodology for logistics management that encloses the layout redesign and the proposal of indicators to improve the area and the company through the gathering of previous research and the use of good practices in warehouse management.
Spatial Dynamic Modeling for Increasing the Competitiveness of Small Medium Enterprises
Authors: Hardjomidjojo Hartrisari Hanggoro , Imantho Harry , Damayanti Anissa
Published: January 2020

The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in supporting Indonesian economic activity are significant. SMEs face many obstacles in their business development. Empowerment of SMEs in Bogor by local governments carried out in conjunction with the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs. This study establishes the spatial model design of SMEs in Bogor area to improve the competitiveness of products in Bogor city. The analysis shows that SMEs in Bogor city is still in the phase of development, market penetration, and also product development. The model shows the average performance index of SMEs in Bogor is only 62.29, 19 among 41 have index values about 50. From the competitiveness analysis, authors could see that among 41 SMEs can be categorized in 4 quadrants. Strategic program could be developed based on the position in the quadrant. It can be concluded that in general SMEs in Bogor city have not been ready for internationally competition. Government should develop specific strategy for each SMEs based on the quadrant position defined by the model
What Business Leaders Should Know About Cloud Computing
Authors: Videc Tomislav , Zoroja Jovana , Pejic-Bach Mirjana
Published: January 2020

Cloud computing represents a popular and frequent notion in media and scientific research. However, in post-transition countries, there remains a low offer of cloud computing solutions and users have not still accepted this concept besides its broad spectrum of benefits. This chapter examines the possible reasons why, despite high media attention, there are not many examples of using cloud-computing solutions by companies in post-transition countries, using Croatia as a case study. For that purpose, the survey among Croatian enterprises has been conducted regarding cloud-computing usage in business. Collected data is analyzed using knowledge discovery from databases aiming to define firms' readiness when using cloud-computing solutions. Results indicate that Croatian enterprises recognize the value of cloud computing as a software-as-a-service, but significant barriers are present in terms of slow recognition of its business value. Steps for overcoming this obstacle are proposed in the chapter.
Environmental Economic Power Dispatch Using Bat Algorithm with Generalized Fly and Evolutionary Boundary Constraint Handling Scheme
Authors: Dekhici Latifa , Guerraiche Khaled , Belkadi Khaled
Published: January 2020

This article intends to resolve the evolving environmental economic power dispatching problem (EED) using an enhanced version of the bat algorithm (BA) which is the Bat Algorithm with Generalized Fly (BAG). A good solution based on the Evolutionary Boundary Constraint Handling Scheme rather than the well-known absorbing technique and a good choice of the bi-objective function are provided to maintain the advantages of such algorithms on this problem. In the first stage, an individual economic power dispatch problem is considered by minimizing the fuel cost and taking into account the maximum pollutant emission. In the second stage and after weighting soft constraints satisfaction maximization and hard constraints abuse penalties, the proposed approach of the bi-objective environmental and economic load dispatch was built on a pareto function. The approach was tested on a thermal power plant with 10 generators and an IEEE30 power system of 6 generators. The results on the two datasets compared to those of other methods show that the proposed technique yields better cost and pollutant emissions.
Mobile and Adaptive Learning Application for English Language Learning
Authors: Bourekkache Samir , Kazar Okba
Published: January 2020

Mobile learning is considered a new phase of e-learning which gives the opportunity to learn more effectively and efficiently. In addition, the use of mobile devices for leaning is more sophisticated and more useful. The m-learning has become available anywhere and anytime for all students and professors. Moreover, the features of these mobile devices include ease of use in every place and time, very reasonable cost for students, and the ability to communicate through the internet or mobile networks, encouraging the development of many kinds of methods and systems. Now, a huge number of applications, in several domains, are oriented to this kind of mobile device. Researchers have been exploiting this technology to enhance the knowledge of learner (especially foreign languages learning). In this paper, the author proposed an educational system that provides the opportunity for students to learn English language outside the classroom and encourages them to get actively involved in their own learning processes.
A Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) of Screening Mammography to Detect Breast Cancer Without a Surgical Biopsy
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Breast cancer has become a major health problem in the world over the past 50 years and its incidence has increased in recent years. It accounts for 33% of all cancer cases, and 60% of new cases of breast cancer occur in women aged 50 to 74 years. In this work we have proposed a computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) system that can predict whether a woman has cancer or not by analyzing her mammogram automatically without passing through a biopsy stage. The screening mammogram will be vectorized using the n-gram pixel representation. After the vectors obtained will be classified into one of the classes—with cancer or without cancer—using the social elephant algorithm. The experimentation using the digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) and validation measures—f-measure entropy recall, accuracy, specificity, RCT, ROC, AUC—show clearly the effectiveness and the superiority of our proposed bioinspired technique compared to others techniques existed in the literature such as naïve bayes, Knearest neighbours, and decision tree c4.5. The goal is to help radiologists with early detection to reduce the mortality rate among women with breast cancer.
IL-1 Transcriptional Responses to Lipopolysaccharides Are Regulated by a Complex of RNA Binding Proteins
Authors: Shi Lihua , Song Li , Maurer Kelly , Dou Ying , Patel Vishesh R. , Su Chun , Leonard Michelle E. , Lu Sumei , Hodge Kenyaita M. , Torres Annabel , Chesi Alessandra , Grant Struan F. A. , Wells Andrew D. , Zhang Zhe , Petri Michelle A. , Sullivan Kathleen E.
Published: January 2020

The IL1A and IL1B genes lie in close proximity on chromosome 2 near the gene for their natural inhibitor, IL1RN. Despite diverse functions, they are all three inducible through TLR4 signaling but with distinct kinetics. This study analyzed transcriptional induction kinetics, chromosome looping, and enhancer RNA production to understand the distinct regulation of these three genes in human cells. IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN were rapidly induced after stimulation with LPS; however, IL1B mRNA production was less inhibitable by iBET151, suggesting it does not use pause-release regulation. Surprisingly, chromatin looping contacts between IL1A and IL1B were highly intermingled, although those of IL1RN were distinct, and we focused on comparing IL1A and IL1B transcriptional pathways. Our studies demonstrated that enhancer RNAs were produced from a subset of the regulatory regions, that they were critical for production of the mRNAs, and that they bound a diverse array of RNA binding proteins, including p300 but not CBP. We, furthermore, demonstrated that recruitment of p300 was dependent on MAPKs. Integrator is another RNA binding protein recruited to the promoters and enhancers, and its recruitment was more dependent on NF-κB than MAPKs. We found that integrator and NELF, an RNA polymerase II pausing protein, were associated with RNA in a manner that facilitated interaction. We conclude that IL1A and IL1B share many regulatory contacts, signaling pathways, and interactions with enhancer RNAs. A complex of protein interactions with enhancer RNAs emphasize the role of enhancer RNAs and the overall structural aspects of transcriptional regulation.
Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Munisankar Saravanan , Dolla Chandrakumar , Menon Pradeep A. , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash
Published: January 2020

Helminth infections are known to influence T and B cell responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate monocyte responses in helminth–LTBI coinfection has not been fully explored. To this end, we examined the activation, polarization, and function of human monocytes isolated from individuals with LTBI with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) coincident Strongyloides stercoralis infection (S. stercoralis–positive and S. stercoralis–negative respectively). Our data reveal that the presence of S. stercoralis infection is associated with lower frequencies of monocytes expressing CD54, CD80, CD86 at baseline (absence of stimulation) and in response to mycobacterial-Ag stimulation than monocytes from S. stercoralis–negative individuals. In contrast, S. stercoralis infection was associated with higher frequencies of M2-like monocytes, as determined by expression of CD206 and CD163. Monocytes from S. stercoralis–positive individuals had a reduced capacity to phagocytose or exhibit respiratory burst activity following mycobacterial-Ag or LPS stimulation and were less capable of expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 at baseline and/or following Ag stimulation compared with those without S. stercoralis infection. In addition, definitive treatment of S. stercoralis infection resulted in a significant reversal of the altered monocyte function 6 mo after anthelmintic therapy. Finally, T cells from S. stercoralis–positive individuals exhibited significantly lower activation at baseline or following mycobacterial-Ag stimulation. Therefore, our data highlight the induction of dampened monocyte activation, enhanced M2 polarization, and impaired monocyte function in helminth–LTBI coinfection. Our data also reveal a different mechanism by which helminth infection modulates immune function in LTBI.
A personal analysis of physiotherapy
Authors: Fehler Berverley R.
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Obituary: Miss Marjory Catt
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: January 2020

No abstract available.
Evaluation of the Best Procurement Time for Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] Root by Liquid Chromatographic and Pharmacognostical Studies
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Cheemalapati Venkata N , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam , Murthy Soma N
Published: January 2020

Aim:

The present study was undertaken to establish the best procurement time for collection ofAshwagandha[Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal] root by analyzing the variation in bioactive secondary metabolite during six seasons by quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and comparative pharmacognosy by taking into consideration the Ayurvedic literature. InAyurveda, Sharad rituhas been prescribed for procurement of crude drugs. But the description for procurement of useful part of individual plants is not mentioned anywhere in the literature. Therefore, to establish the best time for collection, the present study has been taken up.

Materials and methods:

To establish the best time for collection,Ashwagandharoot was collected from the same habitat in all six seasons described in Ayurveda: i.e.,Shishir(January-February),Vasant(March-April),Grishm(May-June),Varsha(July-August),Sharad(September-October), andHemant(November-December). Authentication of the source of collected plant was carried out in the herbarium NVARI, Jhansi. Identification and authentication of the collected plant material through macro-, micro-, and powder microscopic studies were carried out besides extraction and its quantitative HPLC evaluation for the best procurement time for all six seasons.

Results:

The present study showed that internal microscopical features remain the same throughout the year, although a variation was observed in extractive values and selective marker compound. Withanolide A was taken as a selected marker compound and was quantified in samples collected in each season by HPLC. An extractive value was found to be maximum at 0.77 g in the sample collected inSharad ritufor methanol extract. HPLC estimation showed that the abundance of Withanolide A is more up to 0.183% in theHemant ritusample among all seasons.
Safety Concerns on Ayurvedic Herbomineral Formulations–Myth or Reality?
Authors: Kaushik Shreshtha , Singh Rohit , Yadav Pramod , Ruknuddin Galib , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2020

Background:

Ayurveda, systematically evolved science of the universe, focuses on preventing, preserving health, and curing diseases in a comprehensive way. This heritage is survived through the ages and Ministry of Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) took a number of initiatives to showcase its usefulness at global levels. Exclusive and extensive use of various metals and minerals in therapeutics is an integral part in Ayurveda. But, safety and toxicity concerns in the past couple of decades opened debates in conventional community, which attempted to malign the glory of Ayurveda.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to review classical concepts and published researches on metallic formulations and generate evidences inferring the effectiveness and safety of Ayurveda interventions in different pathologies.

Results:

Classical Ayurveda texts are filled with comprehensive information pertaining to drug collection, storage and preservation methods, standards of raw materials, standard operative procedures for different dosage forms, quality control aspects for finished products, shelf life, posology, safety, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on inappropriate use of medicines and their management, concurrent diet advices, etc., to avoid possible ill effects. It infers that the seers were well studied about good collection practices (GCPs), good storage practices (GSPs), good manufacturing processes (GMPs), therapeutic use of such formulations, good dispensing practices (GDPs), good agricultural and collection practices (GACPs), etc., and took maximum care in the management of diseases. To substantiate classical concepts, a good number of studies on herbomineral and metallic formulations have been conducted that have proven their safety and efficacy.

Conclusion:

It can be said that rational use of Ayurvedic formulations is well established before the period of Charaka Samhita, more than 5,000 BC. All the safety and efficacy concerns raised in the recent past are possibly some part of conspiracy that needs to be addressed systematically.
Critical Review of Controversial Herbs of Surasadi gana Mentioned in Sushruta Samhita
Authors: Deogade Meena S , Kethamakka Shivarama P
Published: January 2020

Background:

Medicinal plant controversy either in identification or accompanied usage of nomenclature disturbs the quality of formulation and practices. Common controversies (Sandigdhata) cause misinterpretations for the identification of plants as the description is present in Sanskrit. Fifteen herbs of Surasadi gana of Sushruta are either in a state of controversy or have doubtful identity.

Materials and methods:

To resolve the controversy, the PRISMA model of data collection is undertaken. Nomenclature and morphological characters of controversial Surasadi gana herbs were collected from different texts.

Observation and results:

All fifteen herbs of controversy are determined to possible extent based on the methodology used in the study.

Conclusion:

The controversies of Surasadi gana herbs are clarified through synonyms and morphological characters to its botanical identity. In addition, necessary revalidations of these herbs with their therapeutic values need to be studied further.
The Wind Environment Interactions Relative to Launch Vehicle Design
Authors: L. Johnson Dale , W. Vaughan William
Published: January 2020

Since atmospheric winds play the most critical natural enviroment (NE) role as input into the design and development of an aerospace launch vehicle, this paper provides a more detailed description of the wind environment and its interaction with engineering design in launch and space vehicle development applications at Kennedy Space Center (KSC).
Is Technology at the Service of Humankind?
Authors: Cristovão Lourenço de Melo Francisco
Published: January 2020

The answer is not a trivial one.

While technology has allowed the human race to live longer, it has given us weapons of mass destruction. It is a fact that technology has improved communications but, on the other hand, it has increased the distance regarding interpersonal relationships. Although nowadays it is quite easy to find evidence to solve previous unsolved problems, we live in the society so soaked by fake news that in some cases, only an artificial inteligence (AI) can detect it.
Relationship between the molecular composition, visible light absorption, and health-related properties of smoldering woodsmoke aerosols
Authors: Chan Lam Kam , Nguyen Khanh Q. , Karim Noreen , Yang Yatian , Rice Robert H. , He Guochun , Denison Michael S. , Nguyen Tran B.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Organic aerosols generated from the smoldering combustion of wood
critically impact air quality and health for billions of people worldwide;
yet, the links between the chemical components and the optical or biological
effects of woodsmoke aerosol (WSA) are still poorly understood. In this
work, an untargeted analysis of the molecular composition of smoldering WSA,
generated in a controlled environment from nine types of heartwood fuels
(African mahogany, birch, cherry, maple, pine, poplar, red oak, redwood, and
walnut), identified several hundred compounds using gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) and nano-electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry
(HRMS) with tandem multistage mass spectrometry (MSn). The effects of
WSA on cell toxicity as well as gene expression dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor
(ER) were characterized with cellular assays, and
the visible mass absorption coefficients (MACvis) of WSA were measured
with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The WSAs studied in this work have significant
levels of biological and toxicological activity, with exposure levels in
both an outdoor and indoor environment similar to or greater than those of
other toxicants. A correlation between the HRMS molecular composition and
aerosol properties found that phenolic compounds from the oxidative
decomposition of lignin are the main drivers of aerosol effects, while the
cellulose decomposition products play a secondary role; e.g., levoglucosan
is anticorrelated with multiple effects. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) are not expected to form at the combustion temperature in this work,
nor were they observed above the detection limit; thus, biological and optical
properties of the smoldering WSA are not attributed to PAHs. Syringyl
compounds tend to correlate with cell toxicity, while the more conjugated
molecules (including several compounds assigned to dimers) have higher AhR
activity and MACvis. The negative correlation between cell toxicity and
AhR activity suggests that the toxicity of smoldering WSA to cells is not
mediated by the AhR. Both mass-normalized biological outcomes have a
statistically significant dependence on the degree of combustion of the
wood. In addition, our observations support the fact that the visible light
absorption of WSA is at least partially due to charge transfer effects in
aerosols, as previously suggested. Finally, MACvis has no correlation
with toxicity or receptor signaling, suggesting that key chromophores in
this work are not biologically active on the endpoints tested.