bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Structure of the Spiral Prominence in the Rabbit and in Man
Authors: Borghesan E.
Published: January 2010

The spiral prominence of the rabbit is made up of an epithelial cup and of corpuscles (villi), formed by two or more organules containing osmioreducing substance. The prominence of the human foetus is composed of a unique and voluminous organule also contained in an epithelial cup. These epithelial cells derive from those of the outer spiral sulcus that also give rise to an epithelial system of the spiral ligament which in the rabbit is expanded while in man is compact, contained, therefore, in the area of the spiral prominence.
Les infections à bacille pyocyanique en oto-rhino-laryngologie
Authors: Nicoucar G.-R.
Published: January 2010

The bacillus pyocyanic, isolated in 1882 by Gessard, was not at the origin of infections except in cases of seriously ill patients or in the premature babies with diminished resistance. After the discovery of antibiotics and their excessive use in therapy, resistent strains of bacillus pyocyanic have been developped leading to infections in which the frequency and seriousness are still increasing. The medical staff neglecting the antiseptic measures during operations and dressings of the wounds, are at the origin of the epidemies in the hospitals. Because of its enzymatic power the bacillus pyocyanic may develop in a solution of penicillin, anesthesics, antiseptics or in the material or instruments unproperly sterilized. It is therefore necessary that severe prophylactic measures must be taken in addition to antibiotic treatment. The most active of the antibiotic therapy are the following: colimycin, polimyxin, gentamycin and carbenicillin. 46 cases of bacillies pyocyanic infections have been treated by colimycin at the ORL Clinic of Geneva and in 67.3% of cases, this treatment sterilized the infected areas. The cases resistent to colimycin were then treated by gentamycin, without favorable results. On the other hand, two cases of bacillus pyocyanic resistent to the previous antibiotics were treated with success by carbenicillin.
The Cholinergic Innervation of the Human Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Ishii T.
Published: January 2010

Cholinesterase activity of the human nasal mucosa was demonstrated with a histochemical technique according to Karnovsky and Roots. Rich cholinergic innervation was observed around the arteries and arterioles and a few cholinesterase-positive fibers were detected around the veins. Both serous and mucous glands were encapsulated by many nerve fibers presenting intense cholinesterase activity. The duct of the gland and the epithelial layer failed to show cholinesterase activity. The author’s conclusion is that these positive nerve fibers were peripheral parasympathetic nerve fibers which possibly play a major role in stimulating the secretion of the nasal glands and the dilatation of the blood vessels.
Electron Microscopical Observations on the Function of the Tracheal Epithelium, with Special Reference to Ciliated Cells
Authors: Nakai Y. , Nagae Y.
Published: January 2010

The epithelium lining of trachea and lung in rats and mice after administration of 5% dextran iron solution, ferritin and charcoal particles were investigated with the aid of electron microscopy. An enzyme for fluid transport, adenosine triphosphatase, has also been studied by electron microscopy. The microvilli in ciliated cells of the trachea increased in their number after administration of foreign substances, and many micropinoeytosis vesicles take up the ferritin into the ciliated cells but no dextran iron particles were found within the ciliated cell. A large amount of charcoal particles were observed within the ciliated cells with no cilia in cases of inspiration for long hours. All tracers used in this study were found within (he alveolar epithelial cells, so-called dust cells and capillary endothelial cells in lung. ATPase activity could be demonstrated on the surface of the microvilli and cell membrane of ciliated cells but not on cilia.
Preliminary Results on Intralabyrinthine Temperature Changes in the Vestibular Labyrinth During Caloric Stimulation
Authors: Ishiyama E. , Keels E.W.
Published: January 2010

Temperature differences (ΔT) were recorded from the horizontal semicircular canal of the squirrel monkey during caloric stimulation. A precise, well-defined relationship was found to exist between the onset of nystagmus and temperature difference between the ampulla and crus of the horizontal canal.
Rheographic Recording of the Vestibulo- Autonomic Reflex Following Caloric Stimulation
Authors: Westergaard O. , Arndal P. , Osterhammel Aabo , Zilstorff K.
Published: January 2010

Rheographic recording of circulatory variations on the forearm following caloric-vestibular stimulation in 33 tests on 25 subjects showed no significance in 10 subjects (30° water, fasting), while 5 persons (30° water, non-fasting) exhibited significance during the periods 60–70 sec and 80–90 sec after the start of the irrigation. In 10 persons (20°C water, non-fasting) there was significance 80–90 sec and 100–110 sec after the irrigation was started. In a control group of 8 out of the 25 subjects (37°C water, non-fasting) significance was found 100–110 sec after the irrigation was started.
Mechanical Changes of the Ossicular Chain due to Head Injury
Authors: Dürrer J. , Bušek J. , Zemek J.
Published: January 2010

The mechanism of ossicular chain damage due to head injury was studied by photoelasticimetry in a model experiment. The greatest deformations due to head injuries were found in the middle-ear joints, in the long process of the incus, in the neck of the malleus, in the crura, and the footplate of the stapes.
Nasopharyngometry
Authors: Lesak J.
Published: January 2010

The size of the free space in the nasopharynx is of interest to many specialists in different branches of medicine. Up to now it has not been possible to measure this space. A new method is described which permits the determination of the size of the nasopharynx in measureable and comparable units. The method which has been worked out and tested from the medical point of view is simple, rapid, sparing, not exacting for the patient or surgeon and only requires the simplest equipment, so that it can be used in routine outpatient work. In the interests of more exact measurement it would be necessary to improve the inflatable sacs technically so that the properties and quality correspond to the requirements given on page 313 of the paper. The author would be grateful to make contact with a suitable technical laboratory which could develop and produce such sacs.
Technique pour la suppression de la canule après laryngectomie totale sous-cricoïdienne
Authors: Font N.
Published: January 2010

It is possible to obtain a permanent gaping tracheostoma after a total sub-cricoid laryngectomy by grafting the hyoïde bone at approximately 1 cm above the stitching of the trachea to the skin with its concavity leaning downwards and overlapping the trachea. First it has to be freed from the muscular intertions and if possible of the perioste: afterwards the distal half of the big horns is cut, as well as the edges of the bone, in order to obtain a large area of spongious bone. The extraction of the hyoïde bone creates no functional trouble. This simple technic, which does not take much time and gives certain advantages, is worthwhile systematically with all patients who have to undergo a total sub-cricoïdienne laryngectomy.
Myopathia oculo-pharyngealis tarda hereditaria
Authors: Graf K.
Published: January 2010

A case of late-developing hereditary oculopharyngeal myopathy in a man of 58 is described. Increasing difficulty in eating and drinking developed gradually over about 10 years. In addition to weakness of the masticatory muscles and atrophy of the muscles of the face, the case presented a pronounced bilateral myogenic blepharoptosis. Examination of the siblings led to discovery of several further cases, indicative of an autosomal dominant inheritance. This condition has been frequently observed and described in Canada, but is hitherto almost unrecognized in Europe. Attention is drawn to the possible combination with slowly progressing inner-ear deafness.
The Taste After Operation for Otosclerosis
Authors: Jeppsson P.-H. , Hallén O.
Published: January 2010

The taste function has been followed by subjective and objective tests in a material operated upon for otosclerosis. From the result of this investigation the following may be pointed out: It is necessary to use objective test methods to get reliable information about the taste function. It may be possible to decrease the number of cases in which the chorda tympani is sectioned at theoperation for otosclerosis.
Regulation, Leistungsfähigkeit und Trainierbarkeit des Vestibularissystems
Authors: Rossberg G.
Published: January 2010

This question is of importance with respect to aviation as well as to space travel and mnavigation. Accordingly, we have investigated the vestibular reactions following rotatory stimulation at different levels of intensity in 12 athletes of the German School for Gymnastics in Frankfurt/Main and 6 girl gymnasts, before, during and after physical training wich was especially adapted to the demands of the vestibular system. The increasing effect of the training on the vestibular system was a progressive depression of the vestibular reactions (postrotatory nystagmus) leading to a complete abolition of nystagmic movements. It took an average of 3 weeks after completion of the training to re-establish the initial vestibular situation. As long as this vestibular training effect lasted, there appeared subjectively an increased security in balance exercises and objectively a true increase in gymnastic achievement.
Unusual Presentation of a Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Ear
Authors: Kapadia Rumy
Published: January 2010

A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear in a 5½-year-old boy is presented: its course and treatment out lined. The outcome was fatal within 5 months.
Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Deafness
Authors: Wright I.
Published: January 2010

In conclusion, it may be said that congenital toxo-plasmosis as a cause of deafness is unlikely in man; it could not be said to be impossible. Acceptable criteria for such a diagnosis are difficult to see [Wright, 1971]. Low antibodies in the mother might be a factor in favour of transmission; high antibodies and evidence of infection during the relevant pregnancy would most likely lead to a classical case of congenital toxoplasmosis resulting in foetal death, or an infant living with many defects. Such a case would of course present little difficulty, and KELEMEN’s [1958] cases were presumably in this group. In the present experimental study no lesions were produced in the bulla or cochlea in guinea-pigs.
Radiosialometry in Evaluating Functional Disturbances of the Parotid Glands
Authors: Eneroth C.-M. , Henrikson C.O. , Lind M.G.
Published: January 2010

There is a definite need of diagnostic tools for the clinical evaluation of xerostomia, which may be a symptom of many different diseases of the salivary glands, including systemic diseases involving the glands. Salivary gland function can be evaluated with sialography and sialometry. Sialometry implies a quantitative measuring of the salivary flow but the range of the normal values found with this method is wide. It has been shown that radiosialometry, a method based on a measuring of the uptake of technetium pertechnetate (99 mTc O4) of the salivary glands, is easy to perform and gives good information concerning the function of the parotid glands. The results are quantitative and objectively comparable between individuals. There is no ideal method in evaluating functional disturbances of the parotid glands. The best results are probably achieved by combining sialography, sialometry and radiosialometry.
The Impact of Macrophage Insulin Resistance on Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression
Authors: Tabas Ira , Tall Alan , Accili Domenico
Published: January 2010

Abstract
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Atherothrombotic vascular disease is the major cause of death and disability in obese and diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. Although increased systemic risk factors in the setting of insulin resistance contribute to this problem, it is likely exacerbated by direct effects of insulin resistance on the arterial wall cells that participate in atherosclerosis. A critical process in the progression of subclinical atherosclerotic lesions to clinically relevant lesions is necrotic breakdown of plaques. Plaque necrosis, which is particularly prominent in the lesions of diabetics, is caused by the combination of macrophage apoptosis and defective phagocytic clearance, or efferocytosis, of the apoptotic macrophages. One cause of macrophage apoptosis in advanced plaques is activation of a proapoptotic branch of the unfolded protein response, which is an endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Macrophages have a functional insulin receptor signaling pathway, and downregulation of this pathway in the setting insulin resistance enhances unfolded protein response–induced apoptosis. Moreover, other aspects of the obesity/insulin-resistance syndrome may adversely affect efferocytosis. These processes may therefore provide an important mechanistic link among insulin resistance, plaque necrosis, and atherothrombotic vascular disease and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to this expanding health problem.
The Myth of Military Myopia: Democracy, Small Wars, and Vietnam
Authors: Caverley Jonathan D.
Published: January 2010

A capital- and firepower-intensive military doctrine is, in general, poorly suited for combating an insurgency. It is therefore puzzling that democracies, particularly the United States, tenaciously pursue such a suboptimal strategy over long periods of time and in successive conflicts. This tendency poses an empirical challenge to the argument that democracies tend to win the conflicts they enter. This apparently nonstrategic behavior results from a condition of moral hazard owing to the shifting of costs away from the average voter. The voter supports the use of a capital-intensive doctrine in conflicts where its effectiveness is low because the decreased likelihood of winning is out-weighed by the lower costs of fighting. This theory better explains the development of the United States' counterinsurgency strategy in Vietnam during Lyndon Johnson's administration compared to the dominant interpretation, which blames the U.S. military's myopic bureaucracy and culture for its counterproductive focus on firepower and conventional warfare.
Same As It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War
Authors: Gavin Francis J.
Published: January 2010

A widely held and largely unchallenged view among many scholars and policymakers is that nuclear proliferation is the gravest threat facing the United States today, that it is more dangerous than ever, and that few meaningful lessons can be drawn from the nuclear history of a supposed simpler and more predictable period, the Cold War. This view, labeled “nuclear alarmism,” is based on four myths about the history of the nuclear age. First, today's nuclear threats are new and more dangerous than those of the past. Second, unlike today, nuclear weapons stabilized international politics during the Cold War, when in fact the record was mixed. The third myth conflates the history of the nuclear arms race with the geopolitical and ideological competition between the Soviet Union and the United States, creating an oversimplified and misguided portrayal of the Cold War. The final myth is that the Cold War bipolar military rivalry was the only force driving nuclear proliferation. A better understanding of this history, and, in particular, of how and why the international community escaped calamity during a far more dangerous time against ruthless and powerful adversaries, can produce more effective U.S. policies than those proposed by the nuclear alarmists.
Le plaisir de la théologie
Authors: Nault François
Published: January 2010

L'idée d'un à-venir, indéterminé ou du moins difficilement déterminable, du religieux renvoie le théologien à un travail périlleux: définir sa pratique au regard d'une configuration dont les contours lui échappent et qui, en retour, ne cesse de le solliciter. L'auteur n'entend pas poser la question de l'«avenir de la théologie», ni a fortiori la question du lien entre un tel avenir et les déplacements actuels du religieux. Il s'intéresse plutôt à ce qui pourrait être dit de «la théologie» dans l'avenir, c'est-à-dire au discours que les théologiens pourraient être tentés de tenir sur eux-mêmes - exploration très partielle et lacunaire puisque limitée à l'analyse d'un seul modèle de «figuration théologique» : un modèle inspiré d'une lecture du philosophe américain Richard Rorty.
Discursive praxis and a return to the maternal body
Authors: Fonda Marc
Published: January 2010

This essay examines Julia Kristeva's work on semiotics in relation to Mary Daly's project to reclaim language for woman's experience. It proceeds with an outline of Kristeva's theory of literary genre and then applies it to the work of the Mary Daly. Daly, a radical, separatist-feminist theologian-philosopher, is evolving her own "language" or discourse in a conscious attempt to challenge the expression of gender and identity in patriarchal culture. The essay concludes that there is significant theoretical agreement between Kristevan theory and Daly's own understanding of the production of text.
Le souffle du désir parlant dans la chair
Authors: Julien Jacques
Published: January 2010

Ce texte commente des remarques faites par les psychanalystes Denis Vasse et Françoise Dolto à propos du manque du désir qui parle dans le langage. En particulier, de quelle façon l'humain doit être mis au monde par une parole tierce le poussant à trouver son identité. Une identité qui se construit dans un récit qui échappe aux illusions de l'imaginaire. La direction spirituelle et l'analyse sont deux approches aidantes pour que le Souffle puisse parler dans le manque du désir.
« La loi du Christ » en Galates 6, 2
Authors: Pigeon Claude
Published: January 2010

Dans la théologie paulinienne, la foi en Jésus Christ conduit à une vie libre et nouvelle dans l'Esprit. La pratique de la loi n'est plus une condition ou un moyen pour être justifié. Pourtant, en Ga 6, 2, Paul exhorte les membres de la communauté chrétienne de Galatie à porter les fardeaux les uns des autres afin d'accomplir « la loi du Christ ». Trois interprétations de cette expression qui constitue un hapax dans l'ensemble de la littérature paulinienne sont ici proposées et analysées : la loi mosaïque réinterprétée par le Christ, une terminologie empruntée aux opposants de Paul, une expression équivalente au commandement de l'amour : lex Christi, lex amoris.
"In perfect faith": Jewish religious commemoration of the Holocaust
Authors: Baumel Judith Tydor
Published: January 2010

This essay analyses the Holocaust-related commemorative practices of three Jewish publics during the past 50 years: the "Centrist," "Ultra-Orthodox" and "Universalist" schools of thought. Each of these groups represents for theologians a major school of belief and practice within contemporary Judaism.
Learning to be a diaspora Jew through the Israel experience
Authors: Shapiro Faydra L.
Published: January 2010

The expression "diaspora Jewry" is commonly used to indicate all Jews living outside Israel, the great majority of whom are in the United States. This paper suggests that for many North American Jews, any deep emotional or religions connection with the land of Israel has been erased/forgotten. I show how a sense of that lost diaspora consciousness is (re-)created among participants using a case study of an Israel Experience Program. Livnot U'Lehibanot is a three-month, work-study program for North American Jews in their 20s who possess "weak" Jewish backgrounds and education. Such Israel Experience Programs are popular enough to form a kind of rite of passage for Jewish youth. This research explores both the process of developing an emotional/religious tie to Israel, and the actual construction of Israel that participants encounter on this program.
Jung, mysticism and a myth in the making
Authors: Dourley John P.
Published: January 2010

A Jungian hermeneutic is helpful in the interpretation of shifts in contemporary religion and spirituality. Jung's thought on the psychogenesis of religious experience locates its origin in the unconscious and understands the history of revelation as that of compensation proffered to collective consciousness in the interests of its balance and totality. Jung perceives the unconscious to be currently engaged in the creation of a new myth or revelation containing the divine/human relation within the boundaries of the extended psyche. Such containment implies the relativization of God, and urges a quaternitarian cosmology which would extend the status of the sacred beyond Christian limits. Jung appeals to aspects of the Western mystical tradition itself as anticipating this shift. His appreciation and appropriation of Eckhart and Boehme ground the contemporary myth on an ongoing cycle of identity with the divine preceding divinity's fuller incarnation in consequent human consciousness. The process is natural, at once psychic and religious, and redemptive of both the human and divine.
Points of Contact: A Wachian reappraisal of the African Orthodox Church and the early steel industry in Sydney, Nova Scotia
Authors: Reid Jennifer I.M.
Published: January 2010

In 1900, the Dominion Iron and Steel Company began production in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Active recruitment of West Indian immigrants created, by 1923, Sydney's most segregated community. In 1928, St. Philip's African Orthodox Church was erected, and it became the fulcrum of the community. Explanations for this success have stressed social or economic factors. This article suggests that although such factors are significant, the explanation is nonetheless religious. Employing the work of the historian of religion Joachim Wach, it argues that the church's success was due to its ability to reflect at once human religious nature, and the temporal and spatial contexts in which this nature is expressed. Examining St. Philip's Church advances what Wach regarded as the goal of the study of religion : to understand both the historical particular and the more general phenomenon of human religiosity.
Leo Strauss and the politics of biblical religion
Authors: Havers Grant
Published: January 2010

Leo Strauss was one of the few political philosophers of the twentieth century to study the relation between faith and political philosophy. Yet Strauss's notoriously esoteric style has led scholars to wildly diverse interpretations of his views: his defenders believe that Strauss supports biblical religion as an instrument of truth and morality, while his critics contend that he opposes biblical religion for its biases while appreciating its political usefulness. I shall argue that Strauss is deeply opposed to the doctrines and political usage of biblical religion. For biblical doctrines clash with his theory of natural right, the latter being the basis of political stability, according to Strauss.
The problem with orthodoxy in Zen Buddhism: Yongming Yanshou's notion of zong in the Zongjin lu (Records of the Source Mirror)
Authors: Welter Albert
Published: January 2010

The practice of Zen Buddhism in Japan, Chan Buddhism in China, and its counterparts in Korea and Vietnam bear little resemblance to the way this form of Buddhism is often characterized ideologically. The present study explores some of the premises of "moderate" Chan, which forms the basis for Chan/Zen as an institutional religion operating within the larger Buddhist world of East Asian societies. In particular, the study addresses the notion of zong in the Zongjing lu (Record of the Source Mirror), compiled by Yongming Yanshou (904-975), one of the leading representatives of "scholastic" (wenzi) Chan and a key figure in articulating the "moderate" Chan position. The study suggests how the definition of contemporary Zen orthodoxy has been dominated by representatives from the "rhetorical" Zen tradition, creating a disjuncture between our intellectual understanding of Zen and the principles guiding its actual practice.
Pour le repos de mon âme. La propagation du discours de la mort à Poitiers sous le règne de Louis XIV
Authors: Chiasson Anthony
Published: January 2010

Le but de cet article est d'examiner la réception du nouveau discours de l'Église sur la mort issu de la Réforme catholique au XVIIeet XVIIIesiècles. Afin de bien mesurer la compréhension et l'adaptation de ce nouveau discours par les fidèles catholiques, l'article en examinera l'impact dans la ville de Poitiers, bastion de la foi traditionnelle dans le Centre-Ouest de la France. L'outil méthodologique qui permettra de bien cerner le rejet, la réception ou l'adaptation du nouveau message de l'Église dans cette ville est l'étude testamentaire. En effet, cette enquête sur la réception du discours religieux se base sur le dépouillement et l'analyse de 1612 testaments laissés par les fidèles pendant la période 1660 à 1715. On peut affirmer, à travers l'analyse des clauses strictement spirituelles, comme les préambules, les invocations et intercessions, que la ville de Poitiers a été très réceptive aux nouveaux enseignements issus du Concile de Trente pendant la période étudiée. En fait, l'analyse du discours testamentaire nous a permis de voir que les fidèles espéraient le salut de leur âme en mettant l'accent sur l'intercession du Christ et de son humanité.
Cybercoven: Being a witch online
Authors: Klassen Chris
Published: January 2010

Through a case study of one email discussion group, cybercoven, along with an analysis of a selection of typical Witchcraft web sites, I show how a rethinking of the divide between "virtual" and "real" allows solitary Witches to practice their earth-based religion online. Included in the analysis is a discussion of how divination rites are affected by online practice.
Écologie, christianisme et Nouvel Age : quand nature et spiritualité se rencontrent
Authors: Vaillancourt Louis
Published: January 2010

La crise écologique, ultimement, en vient à soulever des questions « religieuses ». On constate que le développement de la conscience écologique s'est fait simultanément avec la résurgence de nouvelles spiritualités plus cosmocentrées, souvent d'inspiration orientale comme le Nouvel Âge, où la nature est partie intégrante de la relation humano-divine. Le christianisme occidental a été lent à réaffirmer la dimension cosmique/créationnelle de sa foi, tel qu'en témoignent certaines interventions récentes du pape Jean-Paul II. De la rencontre entre la pensée nouvelâgiste et la foi chrétienne peuvent émerger des interpellations réciproques dans la quête d'une sagesse écologique trans-culturelle et trans-religieuse capable d'unifier l'humanité dans une attitude de respect de la Terre.
La thérapeutique jungienne, une voie de l'expérience religieuse
Authors: Melanson Steve
Published: January 2010

La question du vécu de l'expérience religieuse est extrêmement importante dans la perspective du psychologue analyste Carl Gustav Jung. Selon lui, la guérison exhaustive en psychothérapie implique le recouvrement d'une « attitude religieuse conforme à soi-même ». Or, une telle attitude est toujours conséquente à une expérience religieuse intérieure vécue par l'individu. L'expérience religieuse est pour Jung une expérience de l'union des contraires de la psyché, que sont le conscient et l'inconscient. La voie qui achemine le patient ou la patiente vers cette expérience est une pratique favorisant les rapports entre son conscient et son inconscient. L'efficacité de cette pratique est régie par la loi de l'énantiodromie, loi qui décrit l'effet d'un revirement d'une réalité unilatérale dans son contraire lorsque l'on pousse celle-ci jusqu'à sa limite. Ainsi, en assumant son contraire qu'est l'inconscient, et l'« ombre » que celui-ci abrite, l'individu s'approche de la lumière de la guérison. C'est au sein de la noirceur du mal absolu que porte son ombre qu'il se rend disponible à l'expérience du « sens ».
Both iconoclast and idolater: Gandhi on the worship of images
Authors: Salmond Noel
Published: January 2010

This article examines Mahatma Gandhi's sometimes ambivalent and ambiguous position on Hindu image-worship or "idolatry." While personally not disposed towards the practice, he nevertheless defended it against its detractors. The paper notes a shift from the position of prominent nineteenth-century reformers who regarded erasure of idolatry as the precondition of Hindu reform. While Gandhi's own sensibility was predominantly aniconic, he saw no contradiction in pressing for open access to sacred images through temple-entry for Harijans. He bridled at image-worship only when he was himself treated as an icon.
Les synagogues des amei-ha-aretz : Hypothèses pour l'histoire et l'archéologie
Authors: Jaffé Dan
Published: January 2010

Le propos de cet article est de tenter d'expliquer l'aphorisme de R. Ismaël ben Eleazar du Talmud de Babylone Sabbath 32a concernant la désignation de l'arche sainte de la synagogue dans la phraséologie des amei-ha-aretz. Le terme arnah relatif à l'arche sainte figure sur une inscription retrouvée à Naveh dans le Golan ainsi qu'à Doura-Europos en Syrie. À travers une étude des sources littéraires, épigraphiques et archéologiques, on formule l'hypothèse que le propos de R. Ismaël ben Eleazar vise des judéo-chrétiens ayant vécu dans ces deux localités. Ainsi, l'expression vague de am-ha-aretz peut recouvrir une définition plus précise que celles admises communément.
Dialogues islamo-chrétiens contemporains dans les sociétés proche-orientales : Enjeux actuels et perspectives d'avenir
Authors: Chrabieh Pamela
Published: January 2010

Les dialogues islamo-chrétiens constituent actuellement un enjeu crucial pour la cohésion sociale dans les sociétés proche-orientales et notamment au Liban. Or, ces dialogues présentent diverses formes, sont perçus et pratiqués de différentes manières, se heurtent à plusieurs difficultés et soulèvent une panoplie de questionnements. Dans cette perspective d'une pluralité de perceptions et de pratiques du dialogue, il est difficile d'entreprendre un bilan qui puisse englober toutes les initiatives et les enjeux proche-orientaux en une seule étude. Néanmoins, cet article s'attarde à identifier certaines impasses qui se dressent à l'encontre des dialogues islamo-chrétiens et, de là, à proposer des perspectives d'avenir.
The stranger at the sea: Mythopoesis in the Qur'ân and early tafsîr
Authors: Hughes Aaron
Published: January 2010

This study's point of departure is a famous statement issued by Charles Adams in 1967 that contends that the History of Religions and Islamic Studies are essentially incompatible. In revisiting Adams' claim, this study examines the use of myth and mythopoesis in the Qur'ân. For within this sacred scripture there exist many mythemes that connect it, both linguistically and structurally, to wider and deeper semiotics of meaning. The particular focus is on Qur'ân 8:60-82, which recounts Moses' encounter with a mysterious stranger at "the place where the two seas meet." After some methodological reflections, I examine the Qur'ân's ability to absorb, transform, and subsequently erase previous near eastern narratives. Following this, I examine the way in which Tabari, a 10th-century exegete, attempted to make sense of this passage in such a manner as to connect it explicitly back to these earlier narratives.
Huichol yarn paintings, shamanic art and the global marketplace
Authors: Maclean Hope
Published: January 2010

The Huichol Indians of west Mexico practice an indigenous form of shamanism in the Sierra Madre, but their shamanic art is now sold in the global marketplace. Through the visual medium of yarn paintings—a religious offering transformed into commercial art—Hui— chol artists describe their gods, shamanic curing and ceremony. Shamanic art may be seen as a mode of discourse about shamanic knowledge, but buyers do not always understand what the Huichol artists may be saying about their tradition. The term "shamanic art" itself is debated, and the author distinguishes between art on shamanic subjects, visionary art and shamanic ritual art. The article is based on ongoing anthropological research and interviews with Huichol artists since 1988.
Comment les gnostiques se sont-ils appelés ? Comment doit-on les appeler aujourd'hui ?
Authors: Poirier Paul-Hubert
Published: January 2010

Le but de cet article est, premièrement, d'examiner quelques témoignages anciens de l'utilisation du terme gnôstikos comme désignation ou autodésignation de groupes ou de personnes dans l'Antiquité tardive et, deuxièmement, d'évaluer la pertinence de recourir aujourd'hui aux termes « gnostique » et « gnosticisme » pour nommer ces groupes ou ces personnes, ou pour qualifier leurs doctrines.
Foreign and insane: Labelling Manichaeism in the Roman Empire
Authors: Coyle J. Kevin
Published: January 2010

The range of attacks on Manichaeism in Late Antiquity shows how great a danger it was thought to pose, in both government and Christian ecclesiastical circles. Of the usual labels employed in the Roman Empire against religious movements deemed undesirable, "foreign" and "insane" had special applications to Mani's religion, thanks to its origins and to a founder's name that invited polemical wordplay. This article will study these and related labels as they figured in anti-Manichaean discourse and consider their relationship to elements of the Manichaean discourse itself.
"Enslavement to fate," "cosmic pessimism" and other explorations of the Late Roman psyche: A brief history of a historiographical trend
Authors: Denzey Nicola
Published: January 2010

This article investigates the intellectual connections within a community of international scholars active in the first half of this century. Franz Cumont, André-Jean Festugière, E. R. Dodds and Arthur Darby Nock all shared a conceptual and methodological approach to the religious "attitudes" of the Late Roman period. These scholars maintained that "cosmic pessimism" or a sense of having been "enslaved" by the inexorable influence of fate resulted in a religious environment that gave rise to various soteriologically oriented religious movements, of which Christianity served as the culmination. This article reviews the assessments and methods of this cadre of scholars, noting the influence of "enslavement to fate" and "cosmic pessimism" as tropes in later scholarship, and briefly offers an alternate way to understand religion and religions in Roman antiquity.
Towards an expanded understanding of Nag Hammadi Paulinism
Authors: Kaler Michael
Published: January 2010

This article examines the scholarly construct of Paulinism, discussing its origins and briefly tracing its evolution, from F. C. Baur's introduction of the concept to a new, widened paradigm inaugurated by Hans-Martin Schenke (among others), symbolically coming to maturity in the 1987 conference on Paul and the Legacies of Paul. With this new understanding of Paulinism has come an expansion of its field of application. This article suggests that this expanded understanding of Paulinism could be fruitfully applied to the analysis of the Nag Hammadi texts, supplementing the pivotal work of Klaus Koschorke in his article, "Paulus in den Nag-Hammadi-Texten."
Beyond a Western Self and non-Western Other: Edward Said and his critics on truth and representation
Authors: Khalil Atif
Published: January 2010

This article explores the central arguments Edward Said puts forward in his Orientalism on the epistemological problems surrounding the "West's" knowledge of the "East," particularly the Islamic "East." It then proceeds to examine some of the responses these arguments have elicited from those who object to Orientalism's underlying critique, as exemplified in the writings of Bernard Lewis, and those who accept it with certain qualifications, as exemplified in the writings of Leela Gandhi. Neither of the responses is comprehensive; Lewis's counter-arguments overlook the underlying philosophical issues at stake, whereas Gandhi's response provides a more promising alternative to the future of our knowledge of the "East." I also present some defences of Said's positions that have been criticized by both Lewis and Gandhi.
Mapping constructions of Islamic space in North America: A frame-work for further inquiry
Authors: Hughes Aaron W.
Published: January 2010

This study seeks to begin the process of articulating a new understanding of conceptualizing Islam in North America. Unlike previous studies that examine North American Islam from the perspectives of sociology or history, what follows attempts to use certain questions formulated by the anthropology of religion. This calls for examining the complexity and messiness of Islams, especially as they relate to equally unstable factors such as culture and society. From there, this study focusses on the relationship of various Islams to multivalent North American urban spaces, showing how such spaces affect Muslim understandings of gender, sexuality and religion.
George Grant and the theologia crucis: A theological modern agenda
Authors: Marks Darren C.
Published: January 2010

This article looks the derivation of George Grant's "second" primal of Jerusalem in his critique of modernity presented in his doctoral dissertation on John Oman. In particular, it asks whether his theologia crucis, the presence of an offsetting "Otherness" to human self-interest and perspective, is consistent with both its Protestant origins and theological employment, or whether it is infected by that against which he wishes to vaccinate—modernity itself. In exploring this question, the motivations for Grant's refusal to interact with Karl Barth and neo-orthodoxy are also analyzed.
The Parable of the Vineyard (Isaiah 5:1-7), or what is a love song doing among the prophets?
Authors: Landy Francis
Published: January 2010

This article is a close literary reading of the Parable of the Vineyard in Isaiah 5:1-7, paying particular attention to shifts of gender and voice, since the poem begins with the prophet adopting the guise of the female singer. It continues with the poem's evocation and systematic subversion of literary genres, in particular the love song and the prophetic rib, or lawsuit. With the divine judgement in vs. 5-6, intertextual resonances serve to ambiguate the text. Finally, in v. 7, with its apparent decoding, the parable effects a displacement into metaphor and metonymy, since none of the terms is entirely clear. Most important, the suppressed female voice in the poem reemerges in a cry of protest, against the perversion of justice, indeed, but also against the parable itself.
Activists and the academy: Proposals for social ministry formation learned from the lives of social activists
Authors: McISaac Bruce Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2010

This paper is the fruit of a narrative inquiry in which the author interviewed Christian social activists from the Maritime Provinces to learn what was spiritually formative for their commitment to social ministry. It summarizes and reflects upon the research findings that indicate the types of contexts, people, relationships, experiences and activities that were influences on the participants' societal commitments. Feminist theological themes used to reflect on the findings include affirmation, connecting with difference, proximity to justice issues and risk, relationships, community and creative spirituality. The author suggests the presence of an implicit spiritually formative curriculum in the research participants' lives that is potentially formative for social ministry and suggests some possible implications for theological education.
Shamans watching shamans : The dialectic of identity in northeast China
Authors: Holyoak Lorne
Published: January 2010

The present regime in China is actively engaged in attempting to reduce minority cultures to a contrived set of costumes and festivals. At the same time that the Chinese government uses modern methods of mass communication to carry out this programme, the Manzu minority is using the same technology to counteract government propaganda. This essay analyzes two videotaped performances, one a government program, the other an underground tape of a shamanic ritual, to argue that they present competing tropes of national and ethnic identity. These competing tropes in turn reveal tensions in the public sphere that keep Chinese identity fluid. To come to an understanding of these tropes, the essay considers the reactions of shamans and other members of the community in the context of a Manzu village. The analysis demonstrates the role shamanic ritual plays in maintaining a sense of Manzu identity.
Same-sex marriage and the Christian churches in Canada
Authors: Young Pamela Dickey
Published: January 2010

Same-sex marriage is an important topic in Canadian courts, legislatures and churches today. This paper explores the sorts of official arguments put forth in public policy venues by Canadian churches and then proceeds to analyze these contributions.
Consuming loc—creating on: Women, offerings and symbolic capital in northern Vietnam
Authors: Soucy Alexander
Published: January 2010

Women are disproportionately represented at most Vietnamese religious sites. Understanding the reasons behind women's prominent participation provides a revealing glimpse into both Vietnamese religion as well as the dynamic nature of gender and power in Vietnamese society. At the core of most women's religious lives is the common practice of making offerings and then reclaiming them as loc (an object that brings good luck), but its implications are as secular as they are supernatural. The act of distributing the reclaimed loc, especially to family members, serves to strengthen relationships and improve the social capital of women by adding to feelings of indebtedness (on). This paper explores the practices and socio-religious implications that surround loc.
L'autorité de la littérature sur le taiji quan. Analyse d'un système de représentation d'arts martiaux chinois en Occident
Authors: Larochelle Dominic
Published: January 2010

En partant de la thèse de Michel Foucault sur la relation entre le savoir et le pouvoir (qui sera présentée ici comme une relation entre représentation et autorité), cet article cherche à mettre en évidence les conditions d'émergence du savoir sur les arts martiaux chinois (en particulier de l'art du taiji quan) dans la littérature populaire publiée en Occident. Ce savoir émerge de la convergence de différents champs disciplinaires (ou champs épistémiques) qui concourent à former un cadre propice (une épistémè) à la mise en place de représentations particulière du taiji quan. L'analyse montre ici que le savoir sur le taiji quan émerge en effet de la rencontre de deux champs disciplinaires particuliers : le contexte religieux contemporain et le discours orientaliste contemporain. De cette épistémè émerge donc une représentation particulière du taiji quan qui fait autorité dans les milieux d'arts martiaux, un savoir qui peut être divisé en sept principaux énoncés.
The heart of the (Deuteronomic) matter: Solomon and the book of the Law
Authors: Bergen David A.
Published: January 2010

Two interrelated communications play before the reader of the deuteronomic narrative: Moses' promulgation of the written book of the law to Israel, and the narrator's mediation of it to the external reader (Sonnet 1997). After Moses' death, the embedded "book of the law" awaits hermeneutical engagement by characters populating the Primary Narrative (Genesis-Kings). This paper analyzes narratologically Solomon's temple prayer of dedication in 1 Kings 8, which obviously confirms Solomon's conformity to his father's advice (1 Kings 2: 3-4). Solomon's discourse also reveals an aptitude for innovative appropriation as he transforms the house of God into a mechanism for normalizing problematic divine-human relations. In making the temple pivotal to Israel's relationship with God, Solomon substitutes his cult for Moses' law.
Hockey: A divine sport?—Canada's national sport in relation to embodiment, community and hope
Authors: Trothen Tracy J.
Published: January 2010

Building on the claim that sport functions as a popular religion, I develop the argument that sport can but does not always offer its followers something consonant with religiously espoused values. These values are often more attractive and meaningful for many than what is offered by institutional religions. Hockey in Canada will be examined as a case study through which the question of what is religious about hockey and why it appeals to so many will be considered. The example of Christianity, the largest religion in Canada, will be used to help illumine some of the religious-like attraction hockey holds for many. In particular the following topics will be discussed: embodiment and justice; pleasure, play and sport; community; and hope, heroic figures and transcendence.
Imaging a colonial Saint: Reflections on representation and the individual
Authors: Gray Colleen
Published: January 2010

Marie Barbier (1663-1739) was a Congrégation de Notre-Dame of Montreal nun, superior and mystic. The story of her life remains in the form of two biographies. The first biography was written by Charles de Glandelet, her confessor and spiritual advisor, some time before his death in 1725. The second biography is an edited version of the Glandelet manuscript, almost 40 years after Marie Barbier's death. This article examines the many challenges faced in the attempt to construct a biography of this woman. It will explore not only the physical difficulties involved in interpreting these hand-written manuscripts, the obstacles presented by their hagiographical and 18th-century scholarly tradition, but also the barriers presented by post-modern scholarship with respect to the accession of "truth" and "voice."
Interdisciplinarity in Religious and Women's Studies
Authors: Juschka Darlene M.
Published: January 2010

This paper examines how interdisciplinarity has been adopted by, and deployed in, the production of knowledge in the university as institution. I begin by outlining three subcategories of interdisciplinarity that determine its semantic boundaries, and then shift to examine interdisciplinary work in Women's and Religious Studies. Thereafter I speak to the impact interdisciplinarity has had on knowledge and knowledge production in the university.
L'interface entre sciences bibliques et sciences des religions au Canada : enquête sur quelques synergies prometteuses
Authors: Piovanelli Pierluigi
Published: January 2010

Cette étude se propose d'attirer l'attention sur trois nouvelles approches interdisciplinaires que l'on pratique actuellement dans les facultés et les départements canadiens de sciences des religions et/ou de théologie. Il s'agit de 1) l'utilisation du modèle des associations volontaires dans l'étude de la formation des groupements religieux anciens ; 2) les approches rhétorique et narrative dans l'étude des textes anciens en tant qu'actes de communication et récits ; 3) l'étude de l 'impact des personnages et des récits bibliques dans la culture populaire contemporaine.
Religion as the academic's enemy: A case study of an ineffective discursive strategy
Authors: Paquette Eve
Published: January 2010

This article is about one of the most popular discursive strategies in meta-theoretical discourses on the academic study of religion : the continual reference to the distinction between theology and the academic study of religion. This strategy rests on the association of theology with religiousness, phenomenology and hermeneutics, which are then taken as a whole and put in a relation of opposition to science and scientific activity. I intend to show that this strategy produces discursive effects that contradict its explicit content. Some alternative examples of meta-theoretical discourses in which religion is not considered as the enemy of science will be brought in. All these elements are considered in the specific context of the academic study of religion in Canada.