bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Proteus mirabilis Distribution in Multi-Species Biofilms on Urinary Catheters and Determination of Bacteria Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Moryl Magdalena , Torzewska Agnieszka , Jałmużna Paweł , Różalski Antoni
Published: November 2019

The objectives of the investigation presented in this paper were: to examine the frequency of P. mirabilis isolation from catheters and assess the complexity of multi-species biofilms which these bacteria form, as well as to determine the vulnerability of planktonic and sessile P. mirabilis populations to popular antibiotics and compare it to the susceptibility of other Gram-negative bacteria isolated as associated flora from multi-species biofilm. 88 urological catheters, collected from long-term catheterized patients were examined. Uropathogens were recovered from the catheter surface by sonication, and identified on standard diagnostic media. The broth-microdilution method and the MBEC High-throughput Screening assay were used to determine the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. 279 microorganisms were isolated from 88 urinary catheter biofilms. The Enterobacteriaceae family were the most frequently detected bacteria (53.2% of isolates), whereas Proteus spp. isolation accounted for 17.9%, which placed these bacilli on the third position in the Enterobacteraceae family. Among all the tested drugs, amikacin and cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefaclor) exhibited the highest activity against P. mirabilis planktonic cells, 86% and 73% of strains were susceptible to these antibiotics, respectively. 100% of P. mirabilis sessile forms were resistant to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and norfloxacin. Amikacin and ceftriaxone affected only 5% of sessile forms. The planktonic cells of the other studied uropathogens were mostly vulnerable to the all tested drugs (exception P. aeruginosa strains), the most effective of which occurred to be amikacin and cefepime. Obtained MBECs values were 2-512-fold higher than MICs assessed for planktonic forms.
Application of a Real-Time PCR Method for Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens Detection in Water Samples
Authors: ROZWADOWSKA BEATA , ALBERTYŃSKA MARTA , HUDZIK GRZEGORZ , OKŁA HUBERT , JASIK KRZYSZTOF P. , SŁODKI JAN
Published: November 2019

The diagnostic assessment of water sanitary state is based mainly on the cultivation of bacteria retained on membrane filters. However classical microbiology methods have a lot of disadvantages. More and more frequently, rapid detection and identification of pathogens present in water is based on molecular biology techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and usefulness of a real-time PCR method, when compared to the recommended bacteria culture method, in diagnostics of pathogens in water samples. The research concerned the detection and identification of main sanitary indicators of water such as: Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens. The analyses were conducted in water samples contaminated with the reference material (the aforementioned bacteria) and real environmental samples, which were examined for the presence of nucleic acid of: Salmonella spp., E. coli, S. aureus and C. perfringens using a real-time PCR method.
Fast Identification of Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis and Francisella tularensis Based on Conventional PCR
Authors: ZASADA ALEKSANDRA A. , FORMIŃSKA KAMILA , ZACHARCZUK KATARZYNA
Published: November 2019

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for detection and identification of Y pestis, B. anthracis and F. tularensis are essential for timely initial appropriate treatment of exposed individuals, which will be critical to their survival, as well as for reduction of the public health impact and the spread of the disease. The paper presents application of fast polymerases and fast dry electrophoresis in conventional PCR as an alternative for real-time PCR application for detection and identification of the above pathogens. The proposed method takes less than 50 min. to obtain final results of the tests and is cheaper than real-time PCR.
Biocontrol Efficacy of Different Isolates of Trichoderma against Soil Born Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: ASAD SAEED AHMAD , ALI NAEEM , HAMEED ABDUL , KHAN SABAZ ALI , AHMAD RAFIQ , BILAL MUHAMMAD , SHAHZAD MUHAMMAD , TABASSUM AYESHA
Published: November 2019

In this study, the biocontrol abilities of water-soluble and volatile metabolites of three different isolates of Trichoderma (T. asperellum, T. harzianum and Trichoderma spp.) against soil borne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed for the first time that mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen was 74.4-67.8% with water-soluble metabolites as compared to 15.3-10.6% with volatile metabolites in vitro. In vivo antagonistic activity of Trichoderma isolates against R. solani was evaluated on bean plants under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We observed that T. asperellum was more effective and consistent, lowering disease incidence up to 19.3% in laboratory and 30.5% in green house conditions. These results showed that three isolates of Trichoderma could be used as effective biocontrol agents against R. solani.
Detection of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes via in situ PCR-FISH
Authors: GNIDA ANNA , KUNDA KATARZYNA , ZIEMBIŃSKA ALEKSANDRA , ŁUCZKIEWICZ ANETA , FELIS EWA , SURMACZ-GÓRSKA JOANNA
Published: November 2019

Due to the rising use of antibiotics and as a consequence of their concentration in the environment an increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria is observed. The phenomenon has a hazardous impact on human and animal life. Sulfamethoxazole is one of the sulfonamides commonly detected in surface waters and soil. The aim of the study was to detect sulfamethoxazole resistance genes in activated sludge biocenosis by use of in situ PCR and/or hybridization. So far no FISH probes for the detection of SMX resistance genes have been described in the literature. We have tested common PCR primers used for SMX resistance genes detection as FISH probes as well as a combination of in situ PCR and FISH. Despite the presence of SMX resistance genes in activated sludge confirmed via traditional PCR, the detection of the genes via microscopic visualization failed.
Vasculitis and Anaphylactoid Shock Induced in Mice by Cell Wall Extract of the Fungus Candida metapsilosis
Authors: TADA RUI , YAMANAKA DAISUKE , NAGI-MIURA NORIKO , ADACHI YOSHIYUKI , OHNO NAOHITO
Published: November 2019

To investigate whether cell wall mannan from Candida metapsilosis induces vasculitis similar to that in Kawasaki syndrome and anaphylactoid shock in mice, we examined the pathogenic effects of C. metapsilosis cell wall extracts. Our results show that intraperitoneal injection of cell wall extracts induced severe coronary arteritis, and intravenous injection induced acute anaphylactoid shock similar to extracts from Candida albicans (C. albicans). Structural analysis of cell wall mannan from C. metapsilosis using NMR spectroscopy showed it to contain only a-mannan, indicating that a-mannan might be contributing to Candida pathogenicity by inducing coronary arteritis and acute shock.
Evaluation of the Microbiological Quality of Conventional and Organic Leafy Greens at the Time of Purchase from Retail Markets in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: KHALIL ROWAIDA , GOMAA MOHAMED
Published: November 2019

This is a pioneer study in Egypt that provides some assessment of the microbiological quality of conventional and organic leafy green vegetables that constitute an essential component of the Egyptians' daily diet. A total of 380 samples of unpackaged whole conventional and 84 packaged whole organic leafy greens were collected from retail markets in Alexandria, and analyzed for total aerobic mesophilic count (AMC) and total E. coli count (ECC) using the standard spread plate method. Mean AMC values for organic samples were statistically less (p < 0.05) than those of the corresponding conventional samples. Conventional radish and organic parsley samples had the highest AMC of 7.17 and 7.68 log CFU/g respectively, while conventional green cabbage and organic basil had the lowest AMC of 3.63 and 3.23 log CFU/g respectively. The presence of E. coli in 100% of the studied leafy greens was indicative of potential fecal contamination, in view of open and unhygienic environmental and unsanitary handling conditions, as leafy green items are available for sale by street-vendors. Unsatisfactory AMC and ECC levels encountered in the studied samples, warrant future investigations to determine the potential prevalence of foodborne pathogens, and to identify sources of dominating microorganisms, which could make a contribution to the field of food safety.
Auxins as One of the Factors of Plant Growth Improvement by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: AHMED AMBREEN , HASNAIN SHAHIDA
Published: November 2019

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) promote plant growth by various mechanisms such as phytohormone production, enhanced water and nutrient uptake, improved nitrogen availability in the soil, production of ACC-deaminase for ethylene breakdown, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production etc. Microbial auxin production is the major factor not only responsible for strengthening the plant-microbe relationship but it also promotes plant growth and development in a positive manner. Thus, bacterial auxin production potential can be exploited for plant growth improvement that may be effective in reducing the hazardous effects of chemical fertilizers on the ecosystem used to obtain higher yields. The present review gives a better understanding of various factors and mechanisms involved in auxin production by PGPR that may be helpful in proper exploitation of these natural resources in a beneficial way.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Capacity of Polar Microorganisms Isolated from Arctic Lichen Ochrolechia sp.
Authors: KIM MI-KYEONG , PARK HYUN , OH TAE-JIN
Published: November 2019

Although many scientists have been studying lichens, the bacterial communities among lichens have not been fully explored. In this study, the biological activities of bacterial isolates from Arctic lichen Ochrolechia sp. were screened. Cell cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate, and these cultures were tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. To evaluate the antibacterial activities, we carried out a disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration assay. The inhibition zone diameter (mm) was 8 to 12, and its MIC value ranged from 222.0 to > 1000 μg/ml (control antibiotic ampicillin ranged from 0.31 to 0.58 μg/ml). PAMC26625 (Sphingomonas sp., sequence similarity: 99.108%) showed a high amount of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents within 5 extracts and also exhibited 77.23% and 80.02% in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl assay and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay, respectively. In the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, it was determined that PAMC26625 contained a higher amount of ferrous ion [8.72 mM Fe(II)/mg extract] than control ascorbic acid [6.21 mM Fe(II)/mg extract]. Our data indicated that they had potential to be novel sources of antibacterials and antioxidants.
Antiquorum from Freshwater Zoosporic Isolated Fungi: Maximization of some Ameliorative Factors
Authors: AHMED ESSAM MOHAMED , AMMAR MOHAMED IBRAHIM FARAG
Published: November 2019

Many bacteria detect their critical cell numbers through a mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) mediated QS systems have been shown to operate in important human pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect generated by zoosporic freshwater fungi on AHLs production. A potent strain of zoosporic fungi, Leptolegniella keratinophilum, was isolated after extended screening study. A new cheap medium was used to support the anti-AHLs activities. Statistical strategy depending on two levels factorial model and three levels quadratic model were applied to guide a production maximization process. The three levels Box-Behnken model possessed the ability to optimize the significant nutritional and cultural conditions and to predict the maximum that can be achieved. In the course of study, we reached 88% anti-AHLs activity, while the initial activity was 63%. There was no previous maximization methodology for either the experimental medium, or the fungi. The results suggest that freshwater zoosporic fungi can be potentially used against bacterial infections.
Sulphate Reducing Activity Detected in Soil Samples from Antarctica, Ecology Glacier Forefield, King George Island
Authors: WOLICKA DOROTA , ZDANOWSKI MAREK K. , ŻMUDA-BARANOWSKA MAGDALENA J. , POSZYTEK ANNA , GRZESIAK JAKUB
Published: November 2019

We determined sulphate-reducing activities in media inoculated with soils and with kettle lake sediments in order to investigate their potential in geomicrobiological processes in low-temperature, terrestrial maritime Antarctic habitats. Soil and sediment samples were collected in a glacier valley abandoned by Ecology Glacier during the last 30 years: from a new formed kettle lake sediment and forefield soil derived from ground moraine. Inoculated with these samples, liquid Postgate C and minimal media supplemented with various carbon sources as electron donors were incubated for 8 weeks at 4°C. High rates of sulphate reduction were observed only in media inoculated with soil. No sulphate reduction was detected in media inoculated with kettle lake sediments. In soil samples culture media calcite and elemental sulphur deposits were observed, demonstrating that sulphate-reducing activity is associated with a potential to mineral formation in cold environments. Cells observed on scanning microscopy (SEM) micrographs of post-culture-soil deposits could be responsible for sulphate-reducing activity.
三维激光扫描技术在道路工程测量中应用
Authors: 戴 兵
Published: November 2019

科学技术的急速发展带动了中国的经济社会的变革，经济实力的增强也给工程项目的建设带来了基本的保障，特别是我国的道路基础设计建设的数量和建设规模都在日益增大，相关施工建造技术也取得了很大的发展，而当前的很多道路工程项目的建设都在地质地貌条件比较复杂的地区，传统的工程测绘技术已经难以满足当前工程项目建造的需求，三维激光扫描技术有效的解决了传统测绘技术的不足，在道路工程项目的建造过程中，这种扫描技术的有效使用正在变得越来越重要，对改善道路工程项目建设的总体水平有很关键的作用。
园林工程施工精细化管理问题的解析
Authors: 王 希康
Published: November 2019

就园林工程的实际情况来说，最为突出的特征就是具有较强的复杂性，要想对园林工程施工效果加以保证，需要在开展园林工程设计工作的时候，对施工质量以及艺术审美加以重视。园林工程需要种植大量的植物，所以施工人员需要具备良好的综合能力，为了保证园林工程施工工作的顺利开展，需要从各个环节入手推进管理工作的全面开展，运用精细化管理的方法，为园林工程施工工作的顺利实施创造良好的基础。
电子产品安装灌封工艺技术研究
Authors: 李 攀
Published: November 2019

在某类电子产品的生产、运输及使用过程过程中由于振动、冲击等原因导致的产品故障层出不穷，为了进一步保障本公司的此类电子产品在环境试验、实车使用过程中的安全性以及可靠性，特别是抗振动能力，文章对产品的安装灌封工艺进行了全面研究，首先介绍了三种灌封工艺方法；其次通过一些对比实验挑选出最佳的灌封材料；最后对比了灌封后电子产品在大幅度振动下的具体响应，从而挑选出最有效的灌封工艺及材料，期望文章的研究为该类封装工艺提供一定的借鉴和参考。
预应力混凝土桥梁质量控制及其耐久性研究
Authors: 郁 宁
Published: November 2019

在科学技术水平大幅度提升的带动下，使得大量的新型技术被研发出来，并被人们运用到工程施工建造之中，取得了显著的成效。其中最具代表性的是预应力混凝土技术，将这项技术引用到公路桥梁工程施工建造之中，能够对桥梁结构受力的均衡性加以保证，在抗裂性以及刚度方面具备良好的优越性。因为预应力混凝土施工质量对设计水平要求较高，在工程建造中经常会遇到设计施工不切实的情况，并且机械设备以及施工技术不到位的问题十分严重，这样就会对预应力混凝土施工工作埋下诸多的隐患，为了有效的规避上述问题，需要在工程建造中，充分结合实际情况，对混凝土浇筑施工工作以及预应力筋张拉施工加以切实的管控，从根本上促进预应力混凝土桥梁施工质量的提升。
浅析核电施工现场动火作业中监火机器人的设计与应用
Authors: 何 泽龙 , 李 启夫 , 张 利飞 , 杨 泽宇
Published: November 2019

针对核电施工现场动火作业等重大安全问题，本文对智能监火的设计方法展开了设想、分析、应用和展望，提出了智能监火设计方案，并对机器人各项功能进行了设计，确保机器人能够做到监火和发出火灾警报。从监火机器人的应用情况来看，能够及时发现和预警，辅助人员加强对动火作业监管，因此能够保证现场施工安全，增加防火预警屏障。
内墙AAC板材安装工程技术要点分析
Authors: 孙 涛
Published: November 2019

我国城镇化建设过程中规模不断扩大，对于建筑幕墙的要求越来越高，许多性质优良的材料被应用到建筑工程中来。本文主要介绍了蒸压轻质砂加气混凝土（简称AAC）板材在某运动会场馆建设工程中的应用，首先简要介绍了该材料的特点和适用范围，然后就具体的工艺流程，测量放线，施工要求和专业配合等工作进行了探讨，希望能够为相关技术人员提供一定参考。
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PERLENGKAPAN RUMAH TANGGA BERBASIS WEB DI PT. TEGAR PRIMA NUSANTARA CIMAHI
Authors: Sihombing Johnson , Sihotang Lamhot
Published: November 2019

Berkembang pesatnya bidang teknologi khususnya teknologi informasi, semakin dirasakan manfaatnya dewasa ini dalam berbagai sektor termasuk sektor bisnis.PT. Tegar Primanusantara yang berlokasi di Cimahi merupakan suatu perusahaan bisnis untuk produk-produk tekstil dan garmen. Dalam menjalankan kegiatan penjualan produk, perusahaan tersebut masih menggunakan cara manual dalam pengolahan datanya dan belum menggunakan salah satu aplikasi teknologi berbasis web yaitu e-commerce untuk strategi pemasaran produk. Dengan cara tersebut, maka akan memunculkan kendala-kendala yang cukup merepotkan bagi pihak perusahaan, seperti : zona pemasaran yang tidak dapat menjangkau seluruh kawasan dan masyarakat tidak dapat menerima informasi dengan cepat dan akurat tentang produk-produk baru yang dihasilkan perusahaan.Penelitian yang dilakukan penulis bertujuan untuk merancang bangun sebuah sistem informasi penjualan perlengkapan rumah tangga yang berbasis website di perusahaan tersebut, sehingga nantinya diharapkan dapat menjangkau daerah pemasaran yang luas dan mempermudah pelanggn dalam bertransaksi atau memesan produk.Metode perancangan sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web ini adalah dengan menggunakana metode UML (Unified Modelling Language), dan untuk implementasi menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP. Adapun database yang digunakan adalah MySQL sebagai DBMS (Data Base Management System), yang merupakan antarmuka dari aplikasi yang dihasilkan. Melalui penggunaan teknologi internet, maka layanan produk dapat dilakukan secara komprehensif serta tidak memiliki ruang batas dan waktu. Adapun hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis adalah membuat sistem penjualan perlengkapam rumah tangga berbasis web pada PT. Tegar Primanusantara, yang berpengaruh terhadap proses bisnis menjadi lebih mudah.
Avaliação de biossegurança e caracterização de riscos ocupacionais em unidade de pronto atendimento do interior paulista, Brasil
Authors: Junior Silvio de Almeida , Cardoso-Brito Vinicius , Moreira Maria Eduarda Souza , Melo Matheus Reis Santos de , Andrade Gessica , Bulgo Danilo Cândido
Published: November 2019

Os profissionais da saúde estão comumente expostos a riscos associados ao seu ofício, entretanto apesar de sua sanidade estar garantida pela Lei Orgânica da Saúde, diversas vezes se é observado condutas de biossegurança inadequadas, ineficientes ou negligenciadas. Esse artigo teve como objetivo a avaliação das instalações e condições de trabalho de colaboradores em uma unidade de pronto atendimento, para identificação dos principais riscos ocupacionais e auxiliar na percepção dos órgãos competentes na identificação e redução de riscos das instituições promotoras de saúde. Através de fichas elaboradas a partir da NR 32, foram avaliados os 112 colaboradores de uma unidade de pronto atendimento no interior paulista. O estudo foi conduzido com 82/112 (73,21%) dos colaboradores, sendo a distribuição de cargos entre técnicos de enfermagem (70,7%), enfermeiros (14,6%), e técnicos em raio-x (6,1%) técnicos em farmácia (4,9) e radiologistas (3,7%). Durante a avaliação foram identificadas incapacidades estruturais em alguns setores, restrições físicas comparativamente ao número de atendimentos, restrições quando a coleta de material e planejamento de manutenção de estruturas, assim como, falta de preparo de funcionários para algumas funções como a utilização de extintores, ou negligência quanto ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual e deficiências quanto a protocolos sanitários. As ações de biossegurança podem prevenir e reduzir os riscos associados ao seu ofício, garantindo também a sanidade populacional e ambiental. Este estudo pode servir para nortear projetos e protocolos institucionais, com finalidade da redução de riscos inerentes aos profissionais e pacientes de unidades de saúde.
Rehabilitation Intervention in Animal Model Can Improve Neuromotor and Cognitive Functions After Traumatic Brain Injury: Pilot Study
Authors: LIPPERT-GRÜNER M. , MÄGELE M. , ŠVESTKOVÁ O. , ANGEROVÁ Y. , ESTER-BODE T. , ANGELOV D. N.
Published: November 2019

The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of multisensory rehabilitation on rats’ cognition after an experimental brain trauma and to assess its possible clinical implications. The complex intermittent multisensory rehabilitation consisted of currently used major therapeutic procedures targeted at the improvement of cognitive functions; including multisensory and motor stimulation and enriched environment. We have confirmed this positive effect of early multisensory rehabilitation on the recovery of motor functions after traumatic brain injury. However, we have been able to prove a positive effect on the recovery of cognitive functions only with respect to the frequency of efficient search strategies in a Barnes maze test, while results for search time and travelled distance were not significantly different between study groups. We have concluded that the positive effects of an early treatment of functional deficits are comparable with the clinical results in early neurorehabilitation in human patients after brain trauma. It might therefore be reasonable to apply these experimental results to human medical neurorehabilitation care.
Noninvasive Delayed Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by a Mitochondrial KATP Channel-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: WU Y.-N. , YU H. , ZHU X.-H. , YUAN H.-J. , KANG Y. , JIAO J.-J. , GAO W.-Z. , LIU Y.-X. , LOU J.-S.
Published: November 2019

We previously demonstrated in rats that noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) induced by three cycles of 5-min occlusion and 5-min reperfusion of the left hind limb per day for three days confers the same cardioprotective effect as local ischemic preconditioning of the heart, but the mechanism has not been studied in depth. The aim of this project was to test the hypothesis that delayed LIPC enhances myocardial antioxidative ability during ischemia-reperfusion by a mitochondrial KATP channel (mito KATP)-dependent mechanism. Rats were randomized to five groups: ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-control group, myocardial ischemic preconditioning (MIPC) group, LIPC group, IR-5HD group and LIPC-5HD group. The MIPC group underwent local ischemic preconditioning induced by three cycles of 5-min occlusion and 5-min reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary arteries. The LIPC and LIPC-5HD groups underwent LIPC induced by three cycles of 5-min occlusion and 5-min reperfusion of the left hind limb using a modified blood pressure aerocyst per day for three days. All rats were subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The IR-5HD and LIPC-5HD groups received the mito KATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate Na (5-HD) before and during the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Compared with the IR-control group, both the LIPC and MIPC groups showed an amelioration of ventricular arrhythmia, reduced myocardial infarct size, increased activities of total superoxide dismutase, manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, increased expression of Mn-SOD mRNA and decreased xanthine oxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration. These beneficial effects of LIPC were prevented by 5-HD. In conclusion, delayed LIPC offers similar cardioprotection as local IPC. These results support the hypothesis that the activation of mito KATP channels enhances myocardial antioxidative ability during ischemia-reperfusion, thereby contributing, at least in part, to the anti-arrhythmic and anti-infarct effects of delayed LIPC.
The Role of Non-Aromatizable Testosterone Metabolite in Metabolic Pathways
Authors: DUŠKOVÁ M. , POSPÍŠILOVÁ H.
Published: November 2019

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) originates via irreversible reduction of testosterone by catalytic activity of 5α-reductase enzyme and it is demonstratively the most effective androgen. Androgens influence adipose tissue in men either directly by stimulation of the androgen receptor or indirectly, after aromatization, by acting at the estrogen receptor. DHT as a non-aromatizable androgen could be responsible for a male type fat distribution. The theory of non-aromatizable androgens as a potential cause of a male type obesity development has been studied intensively. However, physiological levels of DHT inhibit growth of mature adipocytes. In animal models, substitution of DHT in males after gonadectomy has a positive effect on body composition as a testosterone therapy. Thus, DHT within physiological range positively influences body composition. However, there are pathological conditions with an abundance of DHT, e.g. androgenic alopecia and benign prostatic hyperplasia. These diseases are considered as risk factors for development of metabolic syndrome or atherosclerosis. In obese people, DHT metabolism in adipose tissue is altered. Local abundance of non-aromatizable androgen has a negative effect on adipose tissue and it could be involved in pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Increased DHT levels, compared to physiological levels, have negative effect on development of cardiovascular diseases. Difference between the effect of physiological and increased level brings about certain paradox.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Rekomendasi Tempat Makan Menggunakan Algoritma Typicality Based Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Muliadi Kevin Hartato , Lestari Caecilia Citra
Published: November 2019

Makanan merupakan bagian penting bagi manusia baik sebagai kebutuhan primer maupun sebagai bagian dari gaya hidup seseorang. Tempat makan yang semakin banyak dan tawaran makanan yang beragam, membuat seseorang memiliki lebih banyak pilihan akan tempat makan yang dapat dikunjungi. Dengan dibantu oleh teknologi, sekarang seseorang bisa mencari rekomendasi dengan menggunakan algoritma sistem rekomendasi. Saat ini ada tiga algoritma sistem rekomendasi yang populer yaitu Content Based Filtering (CBF), Collaborative Filtering (CF) dan metode hybrid. Metode CF merekomendasikan sebuah item kepada pengguna dengan memprediksi preferensi dari pengguna aktif terhadap sejumlah item berdasarkan preferensi dari pengguna atau item lain yang mirip. Ada dua jenis metode dalam CF yaitu User Based CF dan Item Based CF. Terdapat sebuah metode baru yang dikembangkan dari metode User Based CF, metode ini adalah Typicality Based CF. Typicality Based CF (TyCo) memiliki kelebihan yang tidak dimiliki metode CF lainnya dapat memberikan prediksi yang akurat walau data terbatas, dapat melakukan clustering tanpa algoritma tambahan dan dapat mengatasi masalah cold-start yang biasa dialami metode CF. Berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa aplikasi ini memiliki nilai rata-rata Mean Absolute Error (MAE) sebesar 1.366 yang disebabkan karena kurangnya data training.
Algoritma Naïve Bayes Untuk Klasifikasi Penerima Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai ( Studi Kasus Kelurahan Utama )
Authors: Sugianto Castaka Agus , Maulana Firdi Rizky
Published: November 2019

Kelurahan Utama merupakan instansi pemerintahan di cimahi selatan. Kelurahan utama menjalankan program pemerintah yaitu program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai, dalam menjalankan program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai sebagian warga banyak yang mengeluh karena tidak mendapat bantuan, sedangkan ada beberapa warga yang dianggap mampu justru mendapatkan bantuan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka penulis melakukan proses pengolahan data menggunakan data mining untuk mengklasifikasi penerima dan bukan penerima bantuan pangan non tunai dengan metode klasifikasi menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes dan Algoritma Decision Tree sebagai pembanding. Diharapkan data yang dihasilkan dari proses data mining bisa menjadi bahan evaluasi untuk pemerintah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mengklasifikasi data penerima dan bukan penerima bantuan pangan non tunai menggunakan teknik klasifikasi pada data mining menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes dan Algoritma Decision Tree sebagai pembanding. Model data mining di buat menggunakan RapidMiner, dengan hasil nilai Probabilitas untuk class ‘’PENERIMA’’ yaitu 0,481 dengan pembulatan nilai menjadi 0,48 dan nilai Probabilitas untuk class ‘’Bukan Penerima’’ yaitu 0,519 dengan pembulatan nilai menjadi 0,52. Algoritma Naïve Bayes mempunyai tingkat Accuracy sebesar 58,29%, Precision 92,90%, Recall 21,84%, AUC 0,765, F-Measure 34.42%. Sedangkan algoritma Decision Tree mempunyai tingkat Accuracy sebesar 73,97%, Precision 85,04%, Recall 61,92%, AUC 0,746, F-Measure 71,17%. Dalam hasil pengujian T-Test antara Algoritma Naive Bayes dan Algoritma Decision Tree didapat alpha ≤ 0.000, maka dapat disimpulkan pengujian T-Test antara Algoritma Naïve Bayes dan Algoritma Decision Tree hasilnya signifikan.
Image d'auteur et contexte culturel: les écrivains allemands dans la collection « Poètes d'aujourd'hui » (1948–1957)
Authors: Siess Jürgen
Published: November 2019

Quatre auteurs allemands sont présentés dans la première décennie de la collection: Rilke, Hölderlin, Brecht et Nietzsche. Quelle est l'image de l’écrivain qui se construit, pour chacun d'eux, dans le commentaire et dans l'anthologie? Dans quelle mesure est-elle reliée à l'image de l'Allemagne et/ou aux relations entre les deux pays? Il s'agit de déceler l'approche de chacun des commentateurs: la présentation de l'auteur peut aller de l'empathie jusqu’à une mise en perspective qui réfléchit et contextualise la position ou la posture de celui-ci. Comme deux pôles opposés on considère ici le portrait de Rilke (inspiré par la plus grande empathie) par Pierre Desgraupes, rédacteur de télévision, et l'image de Hölderlin (historicisante et réfléchie) par Rudolf Leonhard, écrivain marxiste. En dépit des différences entre les quatre volumes, on peut induire de ces présentations que l'intérêt de « Poètes d'aujourd'hui » était plutôt de jeter un pont, de participer à un renouvellement des relations entre la France et l'ennemi d'hier, en soulignant les éléments à valeur universelle des auteurs allemands distincts et les liens qu'ils ont pu nouer avec la France.
‘Nécessité de procéder obliquement’: Shaping Michel Butor's Image
Authors: Labbé Mathilde
Published: November 2019

‘Difficile d'écrire sur soi ou sur ses écrits’ are the first words of a 2003 monograph that Michel Butor published about himself in Seghers's collection ‘Poètes d'aujourd'hui’. This series, like other collections of illustrated monographs, builds the writer's image through a combination of different types of discourse and several actors. Butor's volume on his own work tends to blur such distinctions and to challenge the collection's model, not only because of the intervention of the writer, but also because of Butor's interest in the processes through which his image is crafted. This paper examines a series of six monographs published on Michel Butor between 1964 and 2009, firstly, in order to shed light on the way the image of a high profile writer is carved in collections of illustrated monographs, and, secondly, to reach a better understanding of Michel Butor's relation to critical discourse and to his own image.
“Kadınlık” Deneyimi Kavramını Kadınların Gözünden Anlamlandırma Çabası: Göç Süreciyle İş Hayatına Giren Kadınların “Kadınlık” Deneyimlerine Dair Bir Sosyolojik Analiz - An Interpretation of the Feminine Experience through the Eyes of Women: A Sociological Analysis of the Feminine Experience of Women Entering the Labor Force through Migration
Authors: KEMİK Asiye
Published: November 2019

Geçmişten günümüze kadar göç olgusu, nedenleri ve sonuçları itibarıyla pek çok farklı perspektiften ele alınmıştır. Göç üzerine yapılan çalışmalar genel olarak incelendiğinde ise pek çoğunda toplumsal cinsiyet ile ilgili bir ayrıma gidilmediği dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla merkeze konulan erkeklerin deneyimleri, göç sürecini yaşayan diğer erkeklere ve kadınlara genellenmekte ve göç olgusu, cinsiyet kimliğinden bağımsız bir şekilde ele alınamamaktadır. Yine göç çalışmalarının çoğunda; cinsiyet, sosyo-ekonomik durum, kültürel özellikler, etnik ve dinî kimlik bağlamlarında, her bir bireyin göç sürecinden farklı etkilenebileceği de gözden kaçırılmaktadır. Bu gerçeklikten hareketle yapılmış olan bu çalışmada, kırdan kente yapılan iç göç hareketi; göç süreciyle iş hayatına giren kadınların ‘kadınlık deneyimleri’ bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Diğer yandan literatürdeki ‘deneyim’ kavramı, bazı kadınların deneyimlerini ön plana çıkarırken bazı kadınların deneyimlerini ikinci plana itmektedir. Dolayısıyla bilgi üretimi noktasında, çoğu zaman görünmeyen bir iktidar ilişkisi kurulmakta ve ‘baskın’ olan kadınlık deneyimleri diğer kadınlara genellenerek onların bilgisini üretmektedir. Bu gerçeklikten hareketle kavramın içi, alan araştırması süresince görüşme yapılan kadınların söylemleri dolayımıyla doldurulmuş ve ele alınan deneyim kavramı çalışmada, bilgi üretimi noktasında kullanılmıştır.Nitel araştırmanın benimsendiği bu çalışmada, 8 kadın ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ise görüşme yapılan kadınların geleneksel rol ve görevler bağlamında kadını tanımlayarak nesneleştirdiklerini ve nesneleştirdikleri ‘kadın’ tanımı çerçevesinde ‘kadınlık deneyiminin’ içini doldurduklarını söylemek mümkündür. Dolayısıyla bu durum bizi deneyimin de nesneleştiği/şeyleştiği gerçeği ile karşı karşıya getirmektedir.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAIABILITY OF HUMUS OF WESTERN SIBERIAN SOILS
Authors: Klenov Boris , Yakutin Mikhail
Published: November 2019

The paper analyzes the issue of environmental sustainability (ES) of the system of humus substances. The main problem in studies of ES consists in determination of its most informative criteria. Besides the bioclimatic indices, the characteristics of humus such as its content, type of humus and degree of humification of organic matter were ascertained to be included into the number of obligatory criteria of ES. Additional study of humic acids as more chemically and biologically sustainable soil organic substances showed that the fraction of calcium humates (combined with exchangeable calcium) proved to be the most informative criteria of ES. The most representative data on ES are obtained at simultaneous study of virgin and arable soil samples.
RADIOECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE TERRITORY OF «KARAZHYRA» COAL FIELD, USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Issabekova Kamila , Kuderinov Serikbek , Kuderinova Nazira
Published: November 2019

This article is described the program for radioecological monitoring of the site of work.The results of radioecological researches of this territory are given.Exceeding of limits of doses for the staff which is realizing activities in the territory of the «Karazhyra» field is not fixed.
FUNCTIONAL ZONING AS A TOOL FOR RATIONAL PLANNING OF URBAN TERRITORIES
Authors: Vikulin Aleksei
Published: November 2019

The article states the role of functional city zoning for cost-effective and environmentally friendly use of urban territories. The goals and objectives of the analysis of functional zoning of Novosibirsk are formulated. The source data used is characterized. The tasks, solved in the development of territorial planning schemes, are listed. The main structural elements of territorial planning are determined. The main stages of functional city zoning are listed. The most common types of functional zones are characterized, the criteria for their depiction are formulated. The role of the complex territory assessment in functional zoning is indicated. The recommendations on functional zoning of industrial-specialized territories are given. The characteristic of cartographic materials used for functional city zoning is given. The features of the functional zoning of Novosibirsk are outlined. The disadvantages of functional zoning of Novosibirsk, identified in the process of analysis, are listed.
Enhancing Greenhouse Tomato-Crop Productivity by Using Brassica macrocarpa Guss. Leaves for Controlling Root-Knot Nematodes
Authors: Argento Sergio , Melilli Maria Grazia , Branca Ferdinando
Published: November 2019

Tomato crops are affected in Mediterranean cold-greenhouse agrosystems by soilborne diseases, such as root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which represent a serious problem leading to losses in production. Agroecological soil management based on biocontrol agents and natural compounds has had increased grower interest in order to reduce chemical residues in the produce and to adopt environmentally friendly farming methods. In this frame, we evaluate and validate soil biofumigation by the use of glucosinolate (GLS) compounds. Among them, sinigrin showed biocontrol activities against several pests and diseases via nematotoxic action. Among the Brassicaceae species rich in sinigrin, we chose Brassica macrocarpa Guss. (BM) because its leaves show 90% of all GLSs, and we could better estimate the action of this single GLS. Different dosages of BM leaf flour, containing 200 to 300, 350, 400, 450, and 650 μmol m−2 of sinigrin, were inserted into soil already infected by Meloidogyne spp. for evaluating their effects on tomatoes grown in cold greenhouses in comparison to absolute control (CTRL) and to the chemical one, Vydate 5G® (CCTRL). The root disease index, caused by nematode attack, was the highest in CTRL, and a reduction of about 50% was observed with the 300 to 650 μmol m−2 sinigrin dosage. The CCTRL showed twofold marketable yield increase, and a fourfold increase was found in 650 μmol m−2 of sinigrin dosage, in comparison to the CTRL. Biofumigant applications improved tomato plant growth and development, and fruit quality, significantly for dry matter and soluble sugars (°Brix). BM leaf flour inserted into the soil, at a dose of 300 μmol m−2 of sinigrin, showed similar effects to the CCTRL on root disease index, root weight, and marketable yield. Data showed the nematotoxic effect of sinigrin for the biocontrol of Meloydogine spp. by the use of B. macrocarpa leaves, very rich in this GLS compound, which represents a new tool for agroecological soil management and for organic farming.
Use of Spilopelia senegalensis as a Biomonitor of Heavy Metal Contamination from Mining Activities in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
Authors: M. Almalki Ahmed , Ajarem Jamaan , A. Allam Ahmed , A. El-Serehy Hamed , N. Maodaa Saleh , M. Mahmoud Ayman
Published: November 2019

Environmental pollution with heavy metals (HMs) is of serious ecological and public health concern worldwide. Mining is one of the main sources of HMs and can impact the environment, species diversity, and human health. This study assessed the value of Spilopelia senegalensis as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with metal(loid)s caused by mining activities. S. senegalensis was collected from a gold mining site and a reference site, and metal(loid)s and biochemical parameters were determined. Lead, cadmium, mercury, vanadium, arsenic, copper, zinc, and iron were significantly increased in the liver, kidney, and lung of S. senegalensis from the mining site. Serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea were significantly elevated in S. senegalensis from the mining site. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide were increased, whereas glutathione and antioxidant enzymes were diminished in the liver and kidney of S. senegalensis from the mining site. In addition, multiple histological alterations were observed in the liver, kidney, and lung of S. senegalensis. In conclusion, mining activities provoke the accumulation of metal(loid)s, oxidative stress, and tissue injury in S. senegalensis. Therefore, S. senegalensis is a valuable biomonitor of environmental pollution caused by mining activities and could be utilized in epidemiological avian studies of human health.
Optimizing the Dosing Regimens of Daptomycin Based on the Susceptible Dose-Dependent Breakpoint against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Infection
Authors: Santimaleeworagun Wichai , Changpradub Dhitiwat , Thunyaharn Sudaluck , Hemapanpairoa Jatapat
Published: November 2019

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, is one of the therapeutic options used for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Recently, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 30th edition has removed the susceptibility (S) breakpoint for Enterococcus faecium and replaced it with a susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) breakpoint of ≤4 μg/mL, with a suggested dosage of 8–12 mg/kg/day. Herein, we aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of daptomycin against clinical VRE isolates and to study the appropriate daptomycin dosing regimens among critically ill patients based on the new susceptibility CLSI breakpoint. The MIC determination of daptomycin was performed using E-test strips among clinical VRE strains isolated from patients at the Phramongkutklao Hospital. We used Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of target attainment (PTA) and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of the ratio of the free area under the curve to MIC (fAUC0–24/MIC) > 27.4 and fAUC0–24/MIC > 20 for survival and microbiological response, respectively, at the first day and steady state. Further, we determined that the simulated daptomycin dosing regimen met the minimum concentration (Cmin) requirements for safety of being below 24.3 mg/L. All of the 48 VRE isolates were E. faecium strains, and the percentiles at the 50th and 90th MIC of daptomycin were 1 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. At MIC ≤ 2 μg/mL, a daptomycin dosage of 12 mg/kg/day achieved the PTA target of survival and microbiological response at the first 24 h time point and steady state. For a MIC of 4 μg/mL, none of the dosage regimens achieved the PTA target. For CFR, a dosage of 8–12 mg/kg/day could achieve the 90% CFR target at the first day and steady state. All dosing regimens had a low probability of Cmin being greater than 24.3 mg/L. In conclusion, the MIC of VRE against daptomycin is quite low, and loading and maintenance doses with 8 mg/kg/day were determined to be optimal and safe.
Functional Characterization of a Rice Thioredoxin Protein OsTrxm and Its Cysteine Mutant Variant with Antifungal Activity
Authors: Park Seong-Cheol , Kim Il Ryong , Kim Jin-Young , Lee Yongjae , Yoo Su-Hyang , Jung Ji Hyun , Cheong Gang-Won , Lee Sang Yeol , Jang Mi-Kyeong , Lee Jung Ro
Published: November 2019

Although there are many antimicrobial proteins in plants, they are not well-explored. Understanding the mechanism of action of plant antifungal proteins (AFPs) may help combat fungal infections that impact crop yields. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by screening Oryza sativa leaves to isolate novel AFPs. We identified a thioredoxin protein with antioxidant properties. Being ubiquitous, thioredoxins (Trxs) function in the redox balance of all living organisms. Sequencing by Edman degradation method revealed the AFP to be O. sativa Thioredoxin m-type isoform (OsTrxm). We purified the recombinant OsTrxm and its cysteine mutant proteins (OsTrxm C/S) in Escherichia coli. The recombinant OsTrxm proteins inhibited the growth of various pathogenic fungal cells. Interestingly, OsTrxm C/S mutant showed higher antifungal activity than OsTrxm. A growth inhibitory assay against various fungal pathogens and yeasts confirmed the pertinent role of cysteine residues. The OsTrxm protein variants penetrated the fungal cell wall and membrane, accumulated in the cells and generated reactive oxygen species. Although the role of OsTrxm in chloroplast development is known, its biochemical and molecular functions have not been elucidated. These findings suggest that in addition to redox regulation, OsTrxm also functions as an antimicrobial agent.
Effects of Lespedeza Bicolor Extract on Regulation of AMPK Associated Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Kim Younmi , Lee Heaji , Kim Sun Yeou , Lim Yunsook
Published: November 2019

Lespedeza bicolor (LB) is one of the ornamental plants used for the treatment of inflammation caused by oxidative damage. However, its beneficial effects on hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage and the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that Lespedeza bicolor extract (LBE) would attenuate hyperglycemia-induced liver injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes was induced by a low dosage of streptozotocin (STZ) injection (30 mg/kg) with a high fat diet in male C57BL/6J mice. LBE was administered orally at 100 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg for 12 weeks. LBE supplementation regardless of dosage ameliorated plasma levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetic mice. Moreover, both LBE supplementations upregulated AMP-activation kinase (AMPK), which may activate sirtuin1 (SIRT) associated pathway accompanied by decreased lipid synthesis at low dose of LBE supplementation. These changes were in part explained by reduced protein levels of oxidative stress (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and catalase), inflammation (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide synthases (iNOS)), and fibrosis (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and protein kinase C (PKC)) in diabetic liver. Taken together, LBE might be a potential nutraceutical to ameliorate hepatic damage by regulation of AMPK associated pathway via oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in T2DM.
Chlorophyll Oxidative Metabolism During the Phototrophic and Heterotrophic Growth of Scenedesmus obliquus
Authors: Maroneze Mariana Manzoni , Zepka Leila Queiroz , Lopes Eduardo Jacob , Pérez-Gálvez Antonio , Roca María
Published: November 2019

Different cultivation strategies have been developed with the aim of increasing the production rate of microalgal pigments. Specifically, biotechnological approaches are designed to increase antioxidant metabolites as chlorophyll and carotenoids. However, although significant advances have been built up, available information regarding both the chlorophyll metabolism and their oxidative reactions in photobioreactors is scarce. To unravel such processes, the detailed chlorophyll and carotenoid fraction of Scenedesmus obliquus has been studied by HPLC-ESI/APCI-hrTOF-MS from phototrophic and heterotrophic cultures. Scenedesmus is provided with a controlled strategy of interconversion between chlorophyll a and b to avoid the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at high irradiances in addition to the photoacclimation of carotenoids. Indeed, precise kinetics of 132-hydroxy- and 151-hydroxy-lactone chlorophyll metabolites shows the existence of a chlorophyll oxidative metabolism as a tool to manage the excess of energy at high light conditions. Unexpectedly, the oxidation under phototrophy favored chlorophyll b metabolites over the chlorophyll a series, while the heterotrophic conditions exclusively induced the formation of 132-hydroxy-chlorophyll a. In parallel, during the first 48 h of growth in the dark, the chlorophyll fraction maintained a promising steady state. Although future studies are required to resolve the biochemical reactions implied in the chlorophyll oxidative metabolism, the present results agree with phytoplankton metabolism.
Implementation of a Dimmable LED Driver with Extendable Parallel Structure and Capacitive Current Sharing
Authors: Hwu Kuo-Ing , Tai Yu-Kun , Tu Hsiang-Hao
Published: November 2019

A dimmable LED driver along with an extendable series structure and interleaved capacitive current sharing is presented herein, the LED connection of which is changed from the traditional series structure to the proposed parallel structure. The number of LED strings can be extended. As the number of LED strings is increased, the output voltage of this LED driver and the voltage stress on the main switch are ideally not influenced. Moreover, only one current sensor is needed to achieve current control and dimming. In this paper, the basic operating principle of the proposed LED driver is described and analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of this LED driver is demonstrated by experiment based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA).