bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-related effects of repeated task switching in a novel voluntary gait adaptability task
Authors: Kim Kyungwan , Deller Lena , Vinent Marie , Zijlstra Wiebren
Published: April 2023

Age-related effects of task switching have been extensively studied based on cognitive tasks and simple motor tasks, but less on complex cognitive-motor tasks involving dynamic balance control while walking. The latter tasks may especially be difficult and relevant for older adults in terms of safe mobility in daily life. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to examine age-related changes in task-switching adaptability using a novel voluntary gait adaptability test protocol. Fifteen healthy young (27.5 ± 2.9 years) and 16 healthy old (70.9 ± 7.6 years) adults carried out 2 different visual target stepping tasks (either target avoidance or stepping) twice in a block (A–B–A–B, 2 min per task; three blocks in total) without any intrablock breaks. Our results showed that old adults showed significantly more step errors both in Tasks A and B as well as more interference effects than young adults. Age-related differences in step accuracy were significant in the anterior–posterior direction both in Task A and B but not in the mediolateral direction. Both in step errors and accuracy, no interaction effects of age and trial were shown. Our results suggest that old adults could not cope with rapid and direct task changes in our voluntary gait adaptability task as young adults. Since the significant main effect of trial for Task B, but not Task A appears to be due to different task complexity, further studies may determine the effect of task complexity or task switch timing.
Dapagliflozin reduces risk of heart failure rehospitalization in diabetic acute myocardial infarction patients: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Mao Lipeng , Cai Dabei , Chi Boyu , Xiao Tingting , Zou Ailin , Wang Yu , Chen Qianwen , Gu Qingqing , Wang Qingjie , Ji Yuan , Sun Ling
Published: April 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on the rate of heart failure rehospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

AMI patients with T2DM from CZ-AMI registry between January 2017 and January 2021 were enrolled in this study. Patients were stratified into DAPA users and non-DAPA users. The primary outcome was the incidence of heart failure rehospitalization. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regressions were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of DAPA. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize the bias of confounding factors and facilitate the comparability between groups. The enrolled patients were matched with a propensity score of 1:1.

Results

A total of 961 patients were included, and 132 (13.74%) heart failure rehospitalizations occurred during a median follow-up of 540 days. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, DAPA users had a statistically significantly lower rate of heart failure rehospitalization than non-DAPA users (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that DAPA was an independent protective factor for heart failure rehospitalization risk after discharge (HR = 0.498, 95% CI = 0.296 ~ 0.831, p = 0.001). After 1:1 propensity score matching, survival analysis showed a lower cumulative risk of heart failure rehospitalization in DAPA users than in non-DAPA users (p = 0.0007). In-hospital and continued use of DAPA remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of heart failure rehospitalization (HR = 0.417, 95% CI = 0.417 ~ 0.838, p = 0.001). Results were consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Conclusion

In patients with diabetic AMI, in-hospital and continued use of DAPA after discharge were associated with a significant lower risk of heart failure rehospitalization.
A Paper‐Based Simulation Model for Teaching Inguinal Hernia Anatomy
Authors: Kong Chia Yew , Iddles Emma , Glen Paul
Published: April 2023

Background

Inguinal hernias remain a challenging area of learning for medical students due to its relatively complex anatomy. Modern curriculum delivery methods are conventionally limited to didactic lectures and demonstration of anatomy intraoperatively. These strategies have limitations; lectures are inherently descriptive and based on 2‐dimensional models, while intraoperative teaching is often unstructured and opportunistic.

Methods

A paper‐based model was developed comprising three overlapping paper panels simulating the anatomical layers of the inguinal canal which can be modified readily to further simulate various hernia pathologies and their surgical repair. These models were incorporated into a timetabled structured learning session for 3rd‐ and 4th‐year medical students. Learners responded to fully anonymised surveys before and after the learning session.

Findings

A total of 45 students participated in these sessions over a period of 6 months. Pre‐learning session mean ratings for the learners’ confidence in their understanding of the layers of the inguinal canal, identifying indirect and direct inguinal hernias and in naming the contents of the inguinal canal were 2.5, 3.3 and 2.9, while post‐learning session mean ratings were 8.0, 9.4 and 8.2, respectively. Paired samples Student's t‐tests for all three questions were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean rating for usefulness of the session was 9.6/10. Free comments from students emphasised the models’ usefulness as a visual learning aid.

Discussion and Conclusion

Our novel, low‐cost paper model was associated with an improvement in learners’ perceived knowledge and understanding of inguinal canal anatomy and pathology.
Surufatinib-induced renal thrombotic microangiopathy: first case report and review of literature
Authors: Zhu Wenjiao , Wang Wei , Shi Yuanping , Shen Bo , Li Yan
Published: April 2023

Angiogenesis inhibitors such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are common therapeutics currently used to treat oncologic disease. Surufatinib is a novel, small-molecule multiple receptor TKI approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for the treatment of progressive, advanced, and well-differentiated pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a well-documented complication of TKIs targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signalling pathway. Here, we describe a 43-year-old female patient with biopsy-proven TMA and nephrotic syndrome due to surufatinib treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma. Histological lesions included glomerular endothelial swelling, widening of subendothelial spaces, mesangiolysis, and double contour, which caused nephrotic proteinuria. Effective management was achieved by drug withdrawal and oral anti-hypertensive regents. The management of surufatinib-related nephrotoxicity without compromising its anticancer effects is challenging. Hypertension and proteinuria must be closely monitored during drug use to reduce or stop the dose in a timely manner before severe nephrotoxicity occurs.
Video-based tools for surgical quality assessment of technical skills in laparoscopic procedures: a systematic review
Authors: Grüter Alexander A. J. , Van Lieshout Annabel S. , van Oostendorp Stefan E. , Henckens Sofie P. G. , Ket Johannes C. F. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Toorenvliet Boudewijn R. , Tanis Pieter J. , Bonjer Hendrik J. , Tuynman Jurriaan B.
Published: April 2023

Background

Quality of surgery has substantial impact on both short- and long-term clinical outcomes. This stresses the need for objective surgical quality assessment (SQA) for education, clinical practice and research purposes. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of all video-based objective SQA tools in laparoscopic procedures and their validity to objectively assess surgical performance.

Methods

PubMed, Embase.com and Web of Science were systematically searched by two reviewers to identify all studies focusing on video-based SQA tools of technical skills in laparoscopic surgery performed in a clinical setting. Evidence on validity was evaluated using a modified validation scoring system.

Results

Fifty-five studies with a total of 41 video-based SQA tools were identified. These tools were used in 9 different fields of laparoscopic surgery and were divided into 4 categories: the global assessment scale (GAS), the error-based assessment scale (EBAS), the procedure-specific assessment tool (PSAT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The number of studies focusing on these four categories were 21, 6, 31 and 3, respectively. Twelve studies validated the SQA tool with clinical outcomes. In 11 of those studies, a positive association between surgical quality and clinical outcomes was found.

Conclusion

This systematic review included a total of 41 unique video-based SQA tools to assess surgical technical skills in various domains of laparoscopic surgery. This study suggests that validated SQA tools enable objective assessment of surgical performance with relevance for clinical outcomes, which can be used for training, research and quality improvement programs.
Diabetes mellitus im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Update 2023)
Authors: Rami-Merhar Birgit , Fröhlich-Reiterer Elke , Hofer Sabine E. , Fritsch Maria
Published: April 2023

Im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist, im Gegensatz zum Erwachsenenalter, der Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (T1D) die am häufigsten auftretende Form des Diabetes mellitus (> 90 %). Nach der Diagnosestellung sollte die Betreuung der Kinder und Jugendlichen in einem pädiatrischen Zentrum mit viel Erfahrung in pädiatrischer Diabetologie erfolgen. Eine lebenslange Insulintherapie ist notwendig, wobei diese individuell an das Alter und den Alltag der Familie angepasst werden soll. In diesem Alter wird ausdrücklich die Verwendung von Diabetestechnologie (Sensorglukosemessung, Insulinpumpentherapie und seit kurzem eine Hybrid-Closed-Loop-Therapie) empfohlen. Eine möglichst optimale metabolische Einstellung ab Therapiebeginn verbessert die Langzeitprognose der jungen Menschen mit Diabetes. Ein wesentlicher Teil in der Betreuung ist die Schulung von PatientInnen und Eltern von einem entsprechend ausgebildeten multidisziplinären Team, bestehend aus pädiatrischen DiabetologInnen, DiabetesberaterInnen, DiätologInnen, PsychologInnen und SozialarbeiterInnen. Die APEDÖ (Arbeitsgruppe für pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie Österreich) und die ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes) empfehlen als metabolisches Ziel für alle pädiatrischen Altersgruppen einen HbA1c-Wert ≤ 7,0 % (IFCC ≤ 53 mmol/mol) mit einer „Time in Range“ (TIR) > 70 % ohne schwere Hypoglykämien. Eine altersentsprechend normale körperliche, kognitive und psychosoziale Entwicklung sowie die Vermeidung von Akutkomplikationen (schwere Hypoglykämien, diabetische Ketoazidose), das Screening auf assoziierte Erkrankungen und die Prävention von diabetesbedingten Spätkomplikationen zum Erhalt einer hohen Lebensqualität sind die Ziele der pädiatrischen Diabetestherapie.
Injektionstherapie (GLP1-Rezeptor Agonisten und Insulin) bei Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Lechleitner Monika , Roden Michael , Weitgasser Raimund , Ludvik Bernhard , Fasching Peter , Hoppichler Friedrich , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Schernthaner Guntram , Prager Rudolf , Kaser Susanne , Wascher T. C. ,   Ausschuss Leitlinien
Published: April 2023

Die vorliegende Leitlinie nimmt Bezug auf die Indikation und praktische Umsetzung der Injektionstherapie (GLP1-Rezeptor Agonisten und Insulin) bei Typ 2 Diabetes.
Alcohol use disorder as a risk factor for violent offending and reoffending in delinquent women with substance use disorders
Authors: Mayer Juliane , Streb Judith , Steiner Ivonne , Wolf Viviane , Klein Verena , Dudeck Manuela , Franke Irina
Published: April 2023

Female gender is generally less associated with aggressive behavior and violent offending than male gender. Therefore, most studies on violence and (re-)offending include only men. However, it is crucial to better understand pathways to female offending in order to enable efficient psychological interventions and risk assessment in women. Well-established risk factors for aggressive behavior include alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other substance use disorders (SUDs). We retrospectively analyzed the association of AUD and other SUDs with violent offending and reoffending in a sample of female offenders (N = 334) in a forensic treatment facility. In total, 72% of the patients with an AUD had committed a violent crime leading to admission, whereas only 19% of those with other SUDs had. Over 70% of the participants with AUD had a family history of AUD, and over 83% had experienced physical violence in adulthood. Rates of AUD and other SUDs did not differ regarding aggressive behavior during inpatient treatment, while the risk of reoffending with a violent crime after discharge was nine times higher in patients with an AUD than in those with other SUDs. Our results indicate that AUD is a significant risk factor for violent offending and reoffending in women. A familial background of AUD and a history of physical abuse increase the probability for both AUD and offending, suggesting a possible interaction between (epi-)genetic and environmental factors. The comparable rates of aggression during inpatient treatment in patients with AUD and other SUDs indicate that abstinence is a protective factor for violence.
Das Yin-Yang-Zeichen in der Farbdopplersonographie
Authors: Taskin Billurvan , Haggenmüller Benedikt , Breining Thomas , Kloth Christopher , Kratzer Wolfgang , Beer Meinrad , Vogele Daniel
Published: April 2023

Das Yin-Yang-Zeichen ist in der farbkodierten Dopplersonographie hinweisend für das Vorliegen turbulenter Strömungen und stützt somit die Diagnosestellung eines Pseudoaneurysmas. Im vorliegenden Fall zeigen wir diagnostische und therapeutische Möglichkeiten für diese häufige Komplikation nach arterieller Punktion.
Suggestion of a new standard in measuring the mandible via MRI and an overview of reference values in young women
Authors: Ibald Leonie Carina , Witte Veronica , Klawonn Fank , Conrad Rupert , Mücke Martin , Sellin Julia , Teschke Marcus
Published: April 2023

Purpose

Adult idiopathic condylar
resorption (AICR) mainly affects young women, but generally accepted diagnostic standards are lacking. Patients often need temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery, and often jaw anatomy is assessed by CT as well as MRI to observe both bone and soft tissue. This study aims to establish reference values for mandible dimensions in women from MRI only and correlate them to, e.g., laboratory parameters and lifestyle, to explore new putative parameters relevant in AICR. MRI-derived reference values could reduce preoperative effort by allowing physicians to rely on only the MRI without additional CT scan.

Methods

We analyzed MRI data from a previous study (LIFE-Adult-Study, Leipzig, Germany) of 158 female participants aged 15–40 years (as AICR typically affects young women). The MR images were segmented, and standardized measuring of the mandibles was established. We correlated morphological features of the mandible with a large variety of other parameters documented in the LIFE-Adult study.

Results

We established new reference values for mandible morphology in MRI, which are consistent with previous CT-based studies. Our results allow assessment of both mandible and soft tissue without radiation exposure. Correlations with BMI, lifestyle, or laboratory parameters could not be observed. Of note, correlation between SNB angle, a parameter often used for AICR assessment, and condylar volume, was also not observed, opening up the question if these parameters behave differently in AICR patients.

Conclusion

These efforts constitute a first step towards establishing MRI as a viable method for condylar resorption assessment.
Patient-tailored silicone plug for HeartMate 3™ left ventricular assist device explantation
Authors: Elbayomi Mohamed , Tandler Rene , Ebel Nina , Schubert Dirk W. , Werner Siegfried , Kondruweit Markus , Weyand Micheal , Heim Christian
Published: April 2023

Patient-tailored silicone plug for HeartMate 3™ left ventricular assist device explantation in two successive males proceeded successfully. Given medical therapeutic advancements, FDA-approved plug systems designed by LVAD manufacturers themselves will be necessary for the near future to provide a safe and simple device explantation alternative that fulfills all regulatory standards.
A new Voronoi diagram-based approach for matching multi-scale road networks
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Zhao Yu , Yu Mengjuan , Zou Xiaoxiang , Xiong Jiaqi , Hu Xiang
Published: April 2023

Object matching is a key technology for map conflation, data updating, and data quality assessment. This article proposed a new Voronoi diagram-based approach for matching multi-scale road networks (VAMRN). Using this method, we first created Voronoi diagrams of the road network using the strategy of discretizing road lines into points and adding dense points to special road intersection segments. Then, we used the Voronoi diagram of road segment to find matching candidates. Finally, we obtained matching results by judging the geometric similarity metrics we designed and a heuristic combination optimization strategy. The experimental results demonstrated that the VAMRN outperformed two existing methods in generality and matching quality. The F-measures of VAMRN were 18.4, 29.6, 3.8, and 7.6% higher than the buffer growing method, and 4.5, 2.8, 1.8, and 6.1% higher than the probabilistic relaxation method. And the time performance is improved by more than 90% over the probabilistic relaxation method.
Detection of GNSS antenna oscillatory motion and multipath conditions via exploitation of multipath-induced SNR variations
Authors: Peppa I. , Psimoulis P. A.
Published: April 2023

The multipath effect is well known as one of the dominant error sources in most high-precision GNSS applications, as its site-dependent and fast-changing nature render it challenging to model and mitigate using differencing techniques. However, in this study, we present a novel approach of using the multipath effect of GNSS signal in the case of oscillatory motion of a GNSS antenna to determine the characteristics of the oscillatory motion by utilizing the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio measurements of the GNSS signals and without applying the positioning solution or the use of other sensors. The proposed method is based on the hypothesis that for a short time period, while the multipath conditions remain constant and the satellites are approximately at the same position, an oscillation-type motion of the antenna should generate changes in multipath, expressed as oscillatory pattern variations in the SNR measurements of the satellites. This approach can be used to identify the multipath parameters and extract characteristics of the oscillatory motion of the GNSS antenna. The SNR-based modeling of cm-level antenna oscillations was demonstrated in simulated and field experiments. The benefits of this method include immunity to poor satellite constellation geometry, adaptability to changing multipath geometry and fast processing time. This approach could potentially, under conditions, contribute to GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) applications, where the oscillatory motion of the GNSS antenna generates the same effect as the satellite motion-induced multipath, limiting simultaneously the observation periods and the amount of data to be processed.
Associations between sheep meat intake frequency and blood plasma levels of metabolites and lipoproteins in healthy Uzbek adults
Authors: Kurmaeva Diyora , Ye Yongxin , Bakhytkyzy Inal , Aru Violetta , Dalimova Dilbar , Turdikulova Shahlo , Dragsted Lars Ove , Engelsen Søren Balling , Khakimov Bekzod
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Uzbekistan is one of the countries with the highest number of diet-related chronic diseases, which is believed to be associated with high animal fat intake. Sheep meat is high in fats (~ 5% in muscle), including saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and it contains nearly twice the higher amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids compared to beef. Nevertheless, sheep meat is considered health promoting by the locals in Uzbekistan and it accounts for around 1/3 of red meat intake in the country.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to apply a metabolomics approach to investigate if sheep meat intake frequency (SMIF) is associated with alterations in fasting blood plasma metabolites and lipoproteins in healthy Uzbek adults.

Methods

The study included 263 subjects, 149 females and 114 males. For each subject a food intake questionnaire, including SMIF, was recorded and fasting blood plasma samples were collected for metabolomics. Blood plasma metabolites and lipoprotein concentrations were determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Results and Conclusion

The results showed that SMIF was confounded by nationality, sex, body mass index (BMI), age, intake frequency of total meat and fish in ascending order (p < 0.01). Multivariate and univariate data analyses showed differences in the levels of plasma metabolites and lipoproteins with respect to SMIF. The effect of SMIF after statistical adjustment by nationality, sex, BMI, age, intake frequency of total meat and fish decreased but remained significant. Pyruvic acid, phenylalanine, ornithine, and acetic acid remained significantly lower in the high SMIF group, whereas choline, asparagine, and dimethylglycine showed an increasing trend. Levels of cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, as well as low- and high-density lipoprotein subfractions all displayed a decreasing trend with increased SMIF although the difference were not significant after FDR correction.
Beta estimation in the European network regulation context: what matters, what doesn’t, and what is indispensable
Authors: Bazhutov Dmitry , Betzer André , Stehle Richard
Published: April 2023

Most studies on beta estimation look at the whole universe of stocks. We focus on a small subset that consists of stocks of companies which are subject to European network regulation. This allows us to examine beta time series of individual stocks and small peer groups in great detail. Our most important conclusions are: (1) Sudden beta increases or decreases occur that often last only short periods of time and may therefore cause a significant misestimation of the future beta. (2) Three- and especially five-year betas are much more stable than one-year betas. (3) The choice between purely local, European or global betas may matter considerably. (4) Weekly or daily betas seem to be better than monthly ones. (5) Vasicek and Blume adjustments towards one lead to beta predictions that are too high.
Generative models for sequential dynamics in active inference
Authors: Parr Thomas , Friston Karl , Pezzulo Giovanni
Published: April 2023

A central theme of theoretical neurobiology is that most of our cognitive operations require processing of discrete sequences of items. This processing in turn emerges from continuous neuronal dynamics. Notable examples are sequences of words during linguistic communication or sequences of locations during navigation. In this perspective, we address the problem of sequential brain processing from the perspective of active inference, which inherits from a Helmholtzian view of the predictive (Bayesian) brain. Underneath the active inference lies a generative model; namely, a probabilistic description of how (observable) consequences are generated by (unobservable) causes. We show that one can account for many aspects of sequential brain processing by assuming the brain entails a generative model of the sensed world that comprises central pattern generators, narratives, or well-defined sequences. We provide examples in the domains of motor control (e.g., handwriting), perception (e.g., birdsong recognition) through to planning and understanding (e.g., language). The solutions to these problems include the use of sequences of attracting points to direct complex movements—and the move from continuous representations of auditory speech signals to the discrete words that generate those signals.
Enhanced classification of hydraulic testing of directional control valves with synthetic data generation
Authors: Neunzig Christian , Möllensiep Dennis , Hartmann Melanie , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Möller Matthias , Schulz Jürgen
Published: April 2023

Production environments bring inherent system challenges that are reflected in the high-dimensional production data. The data is often nonstationary, is not available in sufficient size and quality, and is class imbalanced due to the predominance of good parts. Data-driven manufacturing analytics requires data of sufficient quantity and quality. In order to predict quality characteristics, production data is collected across processes in the industrial use case at Bosch Rexroth AG for the purpose of inferring results in hydraulic final inspection using machine learning methods. Since high quality data generation is costly, synthetic data generation methodologies offer a promising alternative to improve prediction models and thus generate safer, more accurate predictions for manufacturing companies. Among the synthetic data generation methodologies used, variational autoencoders compared to generative adversarial networks and synthetic minority oversampling technique methods are best suited to synthesize the feature with highest feature importance from a small sample data set compared to the production data and improve the prediction for the target variable.
On-site solar PV generation and use: Self-consumption and self-sufficiency
Authors: Wang Zheng , Luther Mark B. , Horan Peter , Matthews Jane , Liu Chunlu
Published: April 2023

As energy storage systems are typically not installed with residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, any “excess” solar energy exceeding the house load remains unharvested or is exported to the grid. This paper introduces an approach towards a system design for improved PV self-consumption and self-sufficiency. As a result, a polyvalent heat pump, offering heating, cooling and domestic hot water, is considered alongside water storage tanks and batteries. Our method of system analysis begins with annual hourly thermal loads for heating and cooling a typical Australian house in Geelong, Victoria. These hourly heating and cooling loads are determined using Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) software. The house’s annual hourly electricity consumption is analysed using smart meter data downloaded from the power supplier and PV generation data measured with a PV system controller. The results reveal that the proposed system could increase PV self-consumption and self-sufficiency to 41.96% and 86.34%, respectively, resulting in the annual imported energy being reduced by about 74%. The paper also provides sensitivity analyses for the hot and cold storage tank sizes, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump, solar PV and battery sizes. After establishing the limits of thermal storage size, a significant impact on self-efficiency can be realised through battery storage. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a polyvalent heat pump together with water storage tanks and, ultimately, batteries to increase PV self-consumption and self-sufficiency. Future work will concentrate on determining a best-fit approach to system sizing embedded within the TRNSYS simulation tool.
Interactions between long interpregnancy interval and advanced maternal age on neonatal outcomes
Authors: Ma Yan , Fu Hua , li Yang , Bao Zheng-Rong , Dong Wen-Bin , Lei Xiao-Ping
Published: April 2023

Background

After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China, it was more frequent to have long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and advanced maternal age. However, the interactions between long IPIs and advanced maternal age on neonatal outcomes are unknown.

Methods

The study subjects of this historical cohort study were multiparas with singleton live births between October 1st, 2015, and October 31st, 2020. IPI was defined as the interval between delivery and conception of the subsequent pregnancy. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the risks of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestation age, and 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7 in different IPI groups. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was used to evaluate the additive interaction between long IPIs and advanced maternal age.

Results

Compared with the 24 ≤ IPI ≤ 59 months group, the long IPI group (IPI ≥ 60 months) was associated with a higher risk of PTB (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07–1.50), LBW (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.08–1.61), and one-minute Apgar score ≤ 7 (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI 1.07–1.98). Negative additive interactions (all RERIs < 0) existed between long IPIs and advanced maternal age for these neonatal outcomes. Meanwhile, IPI < 12 months was also associated with PTB (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.13–2.01), LBW (aOR, 1.50; 95% CI 1.09–2.07), and 1-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (aOR, 1.93; 95% CI 1.23–3.04).

Conclusions

Both short and long IPIs are associated with an increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Appropriate IPI should be recommended to women planning to become pregnant again. In addition, better antenatal care might be taken to balance the inferiority of advanced maternal age and to improve neonatal outcomes.
Crowdsourcing food security: introducing food choice derivatives for sustainability
Authors: Trollman Hana , Jagtap Sandeep , Trollman Frank
Published: April 2023

Global food supply chains are unprepared for the increasing number and severity of the expected environmental, social and economic shocks in the coming years. The price-setting process of commodities is directly impacted by such shocks, influencing consumer behavior regarding food choice and consumption. Both the market and advances in precision agriculture drive increased production and consumption. However, there has been a lack of consideration of how consumer behavior could be harnessed to mitigate such shocks through decreased consumption and reduced waste. The SAPPhIRE model of causality was applied to design sustainable and ecologically embedded futures derivatives that could have a role in affecting commodity markets. Multi-agent systems were combined with artificial intelligence and edge computing to provide the necessary functionality. The impact of war in Ukraine was used to exemplify the design of consumer “food choice” derivatives. This resulted in a mechanism to bring aggregated acts of consumer compassion and sustainability to commodities markets to mitigate food security shocks. When implementing food choice derivatives, care must be taken to ensure that consumer food choices are rational and compatible with individual nutritional needs and financial situations, and that the legitimate interests of agri-food businesses are protected.
Multilingual Meaning Making—An Explorative Study of German-Turkish Learners’ Translanguaging Processes Regarding the Part-Whole-Concept
Authors: Kuzu Taha Ertuğrul
Published: April 2023

Educational Research in Multilingualism indicates that multlingual students’ thinking-and-speaking processes might be associated with different nuances when interpreting concepts and notions. From a subject-didactical perspective, this leads to the question, if or how these nuances can be reconstructed and which possible relevance they possess for mathematical learning trajectories. In a design-based study from the German context, the activation of multilingual resources in the conceptual development of German-Turkish 6th grade learners is examined. Follwing the translanguaging-paradigm, the learners were allowed to use all of their linguistic resources in a small-group-setting with a mulilingual learning environment for conceptually understanding fractions (with the share-notion being focussed), being designed according to a content-and-language-integrated approach. This article outlines the synthesis of the interdisciplinary theoretical background as well as the main research outcomes regarding the form and function of multilinguals’ learning trajectories by reconstructing conceptual fields and further analysing these with the linguistic translanguaging-paradigm in an interdisciplinary approach.
Which Potential Linguistic Challenges do Pre-Service Teachers Identify in a Mathematical Expository Text?
Authors: Strohmaier Anselm R. , Albrecht Isabel , Schmitz Anke , Kuhl Poldi , Leiss Dominik
Published: April 2023

Language is a crucial aspect of mathematical thinking and learning, and it is therefore essential for teachers to be equipped with the skills required for linguistically responsive teaching. This includes the ability to identify potential linguistic challenges in expository texts. In the present study, we investigated the ability of pre-service teachers (N = 115) to identify potential linguistic challenges in a mathematical expository text for ninth graders. Participants identified about 12% of the potential linguistic challenges that were previously identified by a reference expert group. They identified challenges more frequently that were on the word level and considered to be mathematics-specific by the experts. Subjective judgements of disciplinarity of the challenges differed between participants, and between participants and experts. No differences in the ability to identify potential linguistic challenges were found between participants who studied language arts (German or English) or mathematics as a subject. Our results indicate that pre-service teachers may not be adequately prepared to identify and respond to linguistic challenges in mathematical expository texts.
Comparative analysis of frictional behavior and mechanism of molybdenum ditelluride with different structures
Authors: Zhang Lina , Tan Xinfeng , Jiao Jianguo , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin
Published: April 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have layered structures with excellent tribological properties. Since the energy difference between hexagonal-molybdenum ditelluride (2H-MoTe2) and distorted octahedral-molybdenum ditelluride (1T’-MoTe2) is very small among the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoTe2 becomes one of the most promising candidates for phase engineering. In our experiment, we found that the friction force and friction coefficient (COF) of 2H-MoTe2 were an order of magnitude smaller than those of 1T’-MoTe2 by the atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments. The friction difference between 1T’-MoTe2 and 2H-MoTe2 was further verified in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the friction contrast is related to the difference in sliding energy barrier of the potential energy surface (PES) for a tip sliding across the surface. The PES obtained from the DFT calculation indicates that the maximum energy barrier and the minimum energy path (MEP) energy barrier of 2H-MoTe2 are both smaller than those of 1T’-MoTe2, which means that less energy needs to be dissipated during the sliding process. The difference in energy barrier of the PES could be ascribed to its larger interlayer spacing and weaker Mo–Te interatomic interactions within the layers of 2H-MoTe2 than those of 1T’-MoTe2. The obvious friction difference between 1T’-MoTe2 and 2H-MoTe2 not only provides a new non-destructive means to detect the phase transition by the AFM, but also provides a possibility to tune friction by controlling the phase transition, which has the potential to be applied in extreme environments such as space lubrication.
Stakeholder Involvement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing in Japan
Authors: Aikyo Tatsuki , Kogetsu Atsushi , Kato Kazuto
Published: April 2023

Genome editing is a technology that can accurately and efficiently modify the genome of organisms, including the human genome. Although human genome editing (HGE) has many benefits, it also involves technical risks and ethical, legal, and social issues. Thus, the pros and cons of using this technology have been actively debated since 2015. Notably, the research community has taken an interest in the issue and has discussed it internationally. However, for the governance of HGE, the roles of government agencies and the general public are also important for an effective regulatory system. Here, we examine the roles of the research community, government, and public in the governance of HGE through an analysis of discussions in the Japanese Expert Panel on Bioethics. During the discussion of the research ethics review system, the professionalism of the research community and the pros and cons of state oversight have become issues for debate. Furthermore, through an examination of the overall policy-making process, three stakeholders are clearly involved in the governance of emerging medical technologies in the Expert Panel on Bioethics, a discussion forum established by government agencies. The contrast among these roles provides insight into the positive roles of government agencies and the research community and the conditions under which these roles are played. We also note that there are diverse actors in the public, which may have an impact on their participation. Our results may serve as a guide for countries and organizations to establish governance on emerging medical technologies.
Deep Learning for Head Pose Estimation: A Survey
Authors: Asperti Andrea , Filippini Daniele
Published: April 2023

Head pose estimation (HPE) is an active and popular area of research. Over the years, many approaches have constantly been developed, leading to a progressive improvement in accuracy; nevertheless, head pose estimation remains an open research topic, especially in unconstrained environments. In this paper, we will review the increasing amount of available datasets and the modern methodologies used to estimate orientation, with a special attention to deep learning techniques. We will discuss the evolution of the field by proposing a classification of head pose estimation methods, explaining their advantages and disadvantages, and highlighting the different ways deep learning techniques have been used in the context of HPE. An in-depth performance comparison and discussion is presented at the end of the work. We also highlight the most promising research directions for future investigations on the topic.
Existence of solutions for resonant double phase problems with mixed boundary value conditions
Authors: Yang Yihao , Liu Wulong , Winkert Patrick , Yan Xingye
Published: April 2023

We study a double phase problem with mixed boundary value conditions with reaction terms that resonate at the first eigenvalue of the related eigenvalue problem. Based on the maximum principle and homological local linking, we are going to prove the existence of at least two bounded nontrivial solutions for this problem.
Analysis of the vortex-dominated flow field over a delta wing at transonic speed
Authors: Di Fabbio T. , Tangermann E. , Klein M.
Published: April 2023

The present work provides an advancement in the prediction of delta wing flow and an improved understanding of various flow physical phenomena which occur over the wing in transonic conditions. Scale-resolving simulations of the vortex-dominated flow around a sharp leading-edge VFE-2 wing have been performed using the SA-based IDDES model. The complex leading-edge vortex pattern with embedded shocks and subsequent shock-vortex interaction is investigated. A promising accuracy has been achieved using the high-fidelity flow field data provided by the scale-resolving simulation results. Besides the assessment of sensitivity to spatial and temporal resolution, physical aspects are presented, which are not accessible in experimental data in such detail and require scale-resolving simulation approaches. This includes the observation of the vortex system and the shocks in the fully three-dimensional flow field data. Finally, turbulence-related quantities such as eddy viscosity and resolved Reynolds-stresses and their behaviour during the vortex formation and sustaining process are analysed.
Wettability impacts residual trapping of immiscible fluids during cyclic injection
Authors: Wang Zhongzheng , Pereira Jean-Michel , Sauret Emilie , Gan Yixiang
Published: April 2023

Understanding the hysteretic behaviour in fluid–fluid displacement processes in porous media is critical in many engineering applications. In this work, we study the quasi-static immiscible displacement process in two-dimensional porous media during cyclic injections in the context of carbon geosequestration. The role of wettability on the residual trapping of CO

$_2$

is investigated numerically using an extended interface tracking algorithm. Despite that higher CO

$_2$

saturation can be achieved in CO

$_2$

-wet porous media after the first CO

$_2$

injection, the majority of CO

$_2$

is found to be unstable and can be mobilised during subsequent water injection processes. An improvement in the residual trapping of CO

$_2$

is observed as the number of injection cycles increases, which is associated with the dispersion of continuous CO

$_2$

ganglia into numerous smaller blobs. Compared with either water-wet or CO

$_2$

-wet porous media, it is found that less CO

$_2$

is trapped within the neutral-wet ones at equilibrium state after a sufficient number of injection cycles. The hysteretic behaviour of saturation between water/CO

$_2$

injection cycles is found to follow an exponential decay, which eventually reaches a finite value. This process corresponds to the shift of the mobile region during displacement from typical capillary fingering to a less ramified regime, which ultimately converges towards main flow channels. This work highlights the hysteretic behaviour during cyclic injections, providing insights on the wettability impacts on multiphase flow in porous media, which is of great importance in applications such as carbon geosequestration and geological hydrogen storage.
A Transnational Canon of African Literatures in Portuguese?: Mia Couto, José Eduardo Agualusa and the Circulation of Lusophone African Literature
Authors: Bucaioni Marco
Published: April 2023

African literatures in Portuguese were first canonized in the 1970s. During and in the wake of decolonization, the main force driving their internationalization was the solidarity with the struggle for liberation. This trend weakened, however, after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. At the same time, the 1990s marked a turn in the process of literary production that also corresponded with a shift in style, themes, and aesthetic inclination by a younger generation of writers. A few of these names became standard reference in the translational canon of these literatures: notably Mia Couto and José Eduardo Agualusa, the two most prominent beneficiaries of this system, alongside Paulina Chiziane, Germano Almeida, Pepetela, and Ondjaki. Offering a comparative mapping of this transnational canon alongside the publication and reception of these literatures in the Portuguese-speaking world will give us a better understanding of their relationship to world literature and of the functioning of the world literary consecration machine.
The Eurocentric Constant: An Approach to the Study of Mozambican Literature
Authors: Doval Helena González
Published: April 2023

The study of Mozambican literature is present at various latitudes within the academic world. There are, however, different outlooks and interests that must be analyzed if we want to account for the epistemologies present when facing a postcolonial reality such as Mozambique. On the understanding that literary texts are codified cultural information and that academics function as legitimators of discourses, this article offers an analysis of a corpus of academic publications on Mozambican literature published between 1975 and 2018. It posits thereby the possible existence of a Eurocentric constant within academic knowledge production and proposes some paths of action that may be of relevant pedagogical and self-reflective potentiality to the investigative exercise itself.
Gray-Blue Law and Literature
Authors: Jones Stephanie
Published: April 2023

This response to Dockside Reading: Hydrocolonialism and the Custom House reflects on the book’s significant contributions to the interdisciplinary study of law and literature.
Contested Killings: The Mobilizing Effects of Community Contact with Police Violence
Authors: MORRIS KEVIN T. , SHOUB KELSEY
Published: April 2023

Recently, we have witnessed the politicizing effects of police killings in the United States. This project asks how such killings might (de)mobilize voters at the local level. We draw on multiple theoretical approaches to develop a theory of community contact with the police. We argue that when a highly visible event tied to government actions occurs—like a police killing—it can spur turnout. This is especially true where public narratives tie such events to government and structural causes. By comparing neighborhoods near a killing before and after election day, we estimate the causal effect on turnout. We find a mobilizing effect. These effects are larger when they “trend” on Google, occur in Black communities, or if the victim is Black. Proximity to a killing also increases support for abolishing the police. We conclude that police violence increases electoral participation in communities where narratives about racially unjust policing resonate most.
Affective Polarization in the Canadian Party System, 1988–2021
Authors: Johnston Richard
Published: April 2023

This article brings three decades of broadly consistent survey data on survey respondents’ feelings about the parties as evidence of affective polarization. It also presents evidence about policy differences among the parties and makes an explicit link between elite and mass data with multilevel modelling. The article shows that affective polarization is real and also demonstrates its connection to the ideological landscape. But it also shows that conceptual categories originating in the United States must be adapted to Canada's multiparty system and to the continuing contrasts between Quebec and the rest of Canada. It suggests that accounts of Canada's twentieth-century party system may not apply to the twenty-first century.
La vérité saisie. L'enjeu de la perception entre Hegel et Jacobi
Authors: Chaput Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Le rapport qu'a entretenu G. W. F. Hegel avec la pensée de F. H. Jacobi a été constant. Il s'attarde avant tout à la question du savoir, de la vérité et de sa saisie, immédiate ou médiatisée. Or, l'un des concepts centraux à la pensée de Jacobi, et sur lequel se fonde en un sens sa conception du savoir immédiat, est celui de perception entendue comme saisie du vrai (Wahr-nehmen). C'est en partant de ce concept, largement discuté au chapitre deux de laPhénoménologie de l'esprit, que nous tenterons d’éclairer sous un angle inédit la critique hégélienne de Jacobi.
Total mean curvature surfaces in the product space and applications
Authors: Albujer Alma L. , da Silva Sylvia F. , dos Santos Fábio R.
Published: April 2023

The total mean curvature functional for submanifolds into the Riemannian product space $\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}$ is considered and its first variational formula is presented. Later on, two second-order differential operators are defined and a nice integral inequality relating both of them is proved. Finally, we prove our main result: an integral inequality for closed stationary $\mathcal{H}$-surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}$, characterizing the cases where the equality is attained.