bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De l'incidence de l’écriture d’invention sur le statut de l’écriture des élèves
Authors: Penloup Marie-Claude
Published: July 2018

L’introduction, au lycée, de l’écriture d’invention induit une modification salutaire du regard posé sur les élèves en ce qui concerne leur légitimité à écrire de manière littéraire et/ ou de manière autobiographique. L’article envisage tout d’abord la manière dont l’instauration d’une écriture d’invention bouscule des représentations d’un clivage radical entre écrivains et non-écrivains (experts et non-experts) et affirme la légitimité des élèves à s’inscrire dans une démarche littéraire. Dans une deuxième partie, le regard se porte sur une des formes de l’écriture d’invention qu’impose l’objet d’étude « le biographique » : il s’agit de l’écriture autobiographique. Les enjeux d’une écriture de soi en termes d’apprentissage sont d’abord dégagés puis certaines modalités concrètes sont envisagées sous un angle précis, celui des formes d’articulation possibles entre écriture extrascolaire de soi et écriture de soi dans l’espace scolaire.
Accompagner l’écriture d’invention en classe
Authors: Tauveron Anne-Marie
Published: July 2018

Cet article donne des repères pour construire une aide à l’apprentissage de l’écriture d’invention en classe. Après avoir montré comment l’on pouvait s’inspirer de « l’étayage de tutelle » défini par J. S. Bruner, en l’adaptant à l’apprentissage de l’écriture et au contexte de la classe de lycée, trois accompagnements sont décrits en classe de Seconde et en classe de Première. L’un sur l’écriture biographique, le deuxième sur l’écriture d’une nouvelle fantastique, le troisième sur l’écriture de poésie inspirée de rêves. Dans ces trois « étayages » l’on retrouve des éléments similaires : une anticipation précise des difficultés que les élèves peuvent rencontrer avec une planification d’écritures enchaînées, un dispositif d’écoute et de conseil, une mise à distance de sa production par le commentaire écrit ou oral, une réécriture guidée. Mais chaque accompagnement a sa spécificité : il s’agit de trouver des solutions qui permettent de répondre au problème du nombre. Comment instaurer la relation qu’exige l’ «étayage de tutelle » entre un adulte et au minimum trente élèves ? La délégation du guidage à des petits groupes, le passage par la réflexion écrite des élèves sur les problèmes rencontrés, un dialogue différé, à plusieurs voix, relayé par les groupes, telles sont quelques-unes des suggestions qui émanent de la pratique.
Textes/Discours et Co(n)textes. Entretiens avec Jean-Michel Adam, Bernard Combettes
Authors: Adam Jean-Michel , Combettes Bernard , Maingueneau Dominique , Moirand Sophie , Achard-Bayle Guy
Published: July 2018

Si ces trois entretiens sont présentés séparément, il n’en reste pas moins que les questions adressées à ces auteurs restent les mêmes et tendent à ce qu’ils confrontent leurs points de vue divers sur les rapports discours-texte-co(n) texte. ÀJean-Michel Adam, il est notamment demandé de revenir sur la dichotomie texte-discours (+ ou – contexte), et sur l’évolution qui l’a mené de la linguistique textuelle à l’analyse textuelle des discours ; il montre à l’aide de nombreux exemples, littéraires ou non, l’ampleur, la richesse mais aussi la complexité d’une telle analyse textuelle et contextuelle des discours. Bernard Combettes se situe plus particulièrement sur le terrain de la macrosyntaxe (connecteurs, anaphores, topicalisation...), même s’il revendique que l’on prenne en compte l’arrière-plan cognitif (ou informatif, i. e. référentiel et fonctionnel) ; il rappelle également la part qui doit revenir au diachronique dans les recherches textuelles. Dominique Maingueneau reprend et évalue diverses définitions du contexte en analyste du discours ; mais cette notion à géométrie variable se définit différemment suivant l’objet discursif auquel on tend à l’appliquer : conversation ou genre contraint... Il présente ensuite ses propres conceptions sur ce thème : interdiscours, scène d’énonciation, cadre herméneutique. Sophie Moirand situe sa réflexion entre linguistique sociocognitive et linguistique discursive, mémoire, intertextualité et hétérogénéité (énonciative mais aussi sémiotique et textuelle dans ses corpus de presse) ; ses recherches actuelles portent sur les moments discursifs (événements sociaux) qui tendent dans et par les médias à constituer une mémoire interdiscursive, et celle-ci à devenir mémoire collective.
Situation, contexte et valeur référentielle
Authors: Franckel Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2018

Il s’agit dans cet article de problématiser une partie des questions liées aux notions de situation et de contexte, en particulier dans leurs relations avec celles de référent

et de valeurs référentielles. Chaque énoncé s’ancre dans une situation qu’en même temps il contribue à déterminer et qui peut être entendue comme condition de possibilité de son interprétation. Le contexte (comme la situation) n’est pas dans une simple extériorité par rapport à l’énoncé qui s’y inscrit, elle en est aussi une construction, dépendant étroitement de la forme même de l’énoncé dans ses moindres détails (y compris prosodiques) et en fait donc aussi partie intégrante. Il relève d’un côté d’une régularité (pour un énoncé, on a systématiquement le ou les mêmes types

de contexte) et d’une singularité (le contexte effectif n’est jamais que celui auquel on a effectivement affaire). On montre ainsi que ce contexte effectif relève d’une actualisation donnée d’un potentiel reconstructible à partir de la forme précise de l’énoncé. Cette problématique, illustrée par de nombreux exemples ouvre sur une analyse visant à dégager des principes réguliers dans ce qui ne se présente jamais que dans une singularité.
La place du contexte dans une approche praxéologique du discours. Le cas de l’argumentation dans les interactions scolaires
Authors: Filliettaz Laurent
Published: July 2018

Cet article propose quelques réflexions portant sur la notion de contexte en revisitant des débats qui structurent actuellement le champ de la linguistique du discours et de l’interaction. Plus précisément, il montre que l’installation progressive de la problématique de l’action dans le champ de la linguistique du discours conduit à dépasser une conception informationnaliste du contexte, telle qu’elle a été notamment promue par la pragmatique cognitive. Cette approche praxéologique du discours est approfondie et illustrée par l’analyse d’interactions scolaires enregistrées à l’occasion de leçons de français langue maternelle portant sur l’enseignement du texte argumentatif. Cette analyse permet de mettre en évidence les liens complexes et subtils qui s tissent entre les propriétés langagières des interactions et le déploiement progressif des activités collectivement accomplies.
Hypertextualité et virtualité comme modes de la construction des discours et des connaissances
Authors: Legallois Dominique
Published: July 2018

Notre objectif est de montrer que la structure hypertextuelle des textes sur supports numériques ne constitue pas en soi un mode d’organisation inédit. En effet, des travaux en linguistique «traditionnelle » du texte révèlent que certains types de textes non narratifs sont construits sur le mode de réseaux de phrases s’entrecroisant ; autrement dit ces textes seraient «tissés » par des parcours non séquentiels correspondant à la notion d’hypertextualité. Présentant les réflexions de l’anthropologue D. Dubuisson et prolongeant le travail du linguiste anglais M. Hoey sur la répétition des cooccurrences lexicales, nous montrons que l’on peut considérer l’hypertextualité interne (les connexions entre phrases d’un même texte) comme condition d’une hypertextualité externe (les connexions virtuelles entre phrases de textes différents). Nous faisons l’hypothèse que cette hypertextualité externe est constitutive de notre mémoire discursive et des objets de discours.
Écriture, organisation sociale et cognitions : repenser Goody
Authors: Bazerman Charles
Published: July 2018

La façon dont Jack Goody présente l’influence qu'exerce la littératie sur l’organisation de la société (par rapport à la religion, l’économie, le droit et le gouvernement) constitue un point de départ pour la compréhension de la complexité de la vie sociale à l'époque moderne et des manières dont cette vie est portée par les pratiques littératiennes et évolue à travers elles. Cette compréhension peut être élargie par une réflexion sur d’autres institutions de la société moderne et sur les façons dont ces institutions sont indirectement transformées par l’écrit et conduisent à la mise en place de nouvelles opportunités et de nouveaux environnements favorables à l’écriture. L'analyse du système des genres et des activités fournit les outils nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les divers chemins que les différentes sociétés suivent afin d'organiser la littératie et l’environnement in tellectuel généré par chacune pour influencer les modes cognitifs et les relations sociales. Cette analyse nous aide à comprendre l’environnement symbolique construit dans lequel nous apprenons à naviguer en même temps que nous devenons adultes dans le monde moderne.
Littératie et prises de notes. Le primat de la fonction iconique
Authors: Branca-Rosoff Sonia
Published: July 2018

Cet article analyse les procédés scripturaux observables dans les notes que prennent les étudiants pendant leurs cours. Il insiste sur deux caractéristiques remarquables de cette pratique : d’une part, il s’y trouve beaucoup de marques visuo-graphiques (soulignements, découpages en paragraphes, numérotation produisant des effets de listes, etc.) utilisées pour ressortir la planification du discours, c’est-à-dire une dimension non linéaires de l’écriture. D’autre part, la tendance à la densité que l’on retrouve dans toute pratique d’écriture est particulièrement poussée dans les notes. Elle repose notamment sur l’usage de l’abréviation lexicale qui associe un stock d’abréviations codées et des abréviations non conventionnelles, relevant de la créativité des noteurs. À nouveau, ces unités si fréquentes soulignent la part visuelle du signifiant graphique dans les écritures alphabétiques.
La réalisation d’un album en Grande Section de maternelle : une activité à questionner
Authors: Leclaire-Halté Anne , Maire Denise
Published: July 2018

Cet article rend compte d’une séance relevant d’un projet mené dans une classe de grande section de maternelle : après la lecture d’un album de littérature de jeunesse, la réalisation par les élèves d’un petit livre fortement inspiré par cette lecture et destiné à être utilisé au début de l’année suivante par l’enseignante de CP. Une telle pratique de réalisation d’album, assez répandue à l’école maternelle, vise essentiellement une acculturation à l’écrit. L’analyse de la séance montre combien, dans ce type de projet, la spatialité et la matérialité de l’écrit (celles du livre, de la page, du titre, du nom d’auteur) peuvent poser problème à certains élèves. De plus, elle met en évidence que le souci de la production finale, de l’objet concret à réaliser, peut être un obstacle à la prise en compte de ces problèmes conceptuels liés à l’espace graphique pas toujours faciles à repérer par l’enseignant pris dans le feu de l’action pédagogique. Et on peut même penser que, parfois, et de façon discutable, l’aspect concret du projet semble en soi une réponse aux difficultés rencontrées par les élèves. Cela pose la question de l’adéquation d’un tel projet à l’âge de ces derniers.
Le récit, objet disciplinaire en français ?
Authors: Daunay Bertrand , Denizot Nathalie
Published: July 2018

Par une étude diachronique et synchronique de deux corpus (les instructions officielles françaises et une sélection de manuels), l’article interroge le statut du récit comme « objet disciplinaire » en français. Une première approche vise à décrire la manière dont le genre du récit se constitue dans l’histoire de la discipline : si le récit apparaît comme un genre scolaire très tôt dans les instructions officielles et les manuels, c’est uniquement comme objet de production ; la catégorie générique « récit » n’est en revanche pertinente en lecture que depuis les années 1970, via notamment l’introduction de savoirs narratologiques comme objets d’enseignement. Une deuxième approche permet d’interroger les enjeux d’apprentissage du récit : dans la logique traditionnelle, qui fait du récit une catégorie générique pertinente seulement pour l’écriture, c’est la constitution d’un «réalisme scolaire » qui importe ; dans la configuration didactique actuelle de la discipline «français » , l’un des enjeux importants de l’étude du récit est la construction d’une catégorie identifiable, à la croisée des typologies textuelles et discursives et des classifications génériques.
Le récit comme accès à la connaissance historique. Réflexions didactiques sur le récit historique
Authors: Deleplace Marc
Published: July 2018

Fondateur de la pratique historique, le récit occupe une place contradictoire dans l’enseignement de l’histoire. Tour à tour vecteur essentiel de la connaissance historique transmise aux élèves, par le biais du discours du professeur, puis décrié avec le cours magistral comme peu propice au développement chez l’élève d’une attitude active dans la construction de son savoir, réhabilité enfin plus récemment comme l’un des moyens d’accès à la connaissance historique. Partant d’un double constat, celui des caractères du récit historique d’une part, celui de la place du récit dans les programmes et les manuels de l’enseignement secondaire français de l’autre, nous nous proposons de lire quelques récits d’élèves sur la Révolution française afin d’en souligner les différents niveaux d’un fonctionnement somme toute complexe comme moyen d’accès à la connaissance historique pour les élèves.
Écrire le journal intime d’un personnage du XVIIIe siècle. Une expérience interdisciplinaire en classe de quatrième
Authors: Roelens Fabienne , Chardon Olivier , Inisan Jean-François
Published: July 2018

Le but premier de l’article est de rendre compte d’une expérience interdisciplinaire en Français et Histoire-Géographie au Collège, qui se traduit pour les élèves par l’écriture du journal intime d’un personnage vivant au temps de la Révolution Française. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’analyser les réussites et difficultés des élèves quand ils sont confrontés à la réalisation d’une tâche d’écriture d’invention qui met en jeu l’intégration d’un référent historique. Au-delà, il s’agit d’en tirer des enseignements pour différentes formes de reconduction de l’action elle-même, pour l’analyse des problèmes prototypiques liés au travail interdisciplinaire, plus largement enfin pour les contributions possibles de l’écriture d’invention à la construction des connaissances.
Discovery of a 3 s Spinning Neutron Star in a 4.15 hr Orbit in the Brightest Hard X-Ray Source in M31
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Guillermo A. , Israel Gian Luca , Esposito Paolo , Papitto Alessandro , Stella Luigi , Tiengo Andrea , Luca Andrea De , Marelli Martino
Published: July 2018

We report the discovery with XMM-Newton of 3 s X-ray pulsations from 3XMM J004232.1+411314, a dipping source that dominates the hard X-ray emission of M31. This finding unambiguously assesses the neutron star (NS) nature of the compact object. We also measured an orbital period of 4.15 hr and a projected semi-axis at aX sin i = 0.6 lt-s, which implies a low-mass companion of about 0.2–0.3 M
⊙ assuming an NS of 1.5 M
⊙ and an orbital inclination i = 60°–80°. The barycentric orbit-corrected pulse period decreased by ∼28 ms in about 16 year, corresponding to an average spin-up rate of

s s−1; pulse period variations, probably caused by X-ray luminosity changes, were observed on shorter timescales. We identify two possible extreme scenarios for the source: a mildly magnetic NS with B
p ≃ few × 1010 G if the pulsar is far from its equilibrium period P
eq and the disk is truncated at the value of the Alfvén radius corresponding to the observed luminosity, and a relatively young, highly magnetic NS with B
eq ≃ 2 × 1013 G if spinning close to P
eq and the disk is truncated close to the co-rotation surface.
Observational Implications of Lowering the LIGO-Virgo Alert Threshold
Authors: Lynch Ryan , Coughlin Michael , Vitale Salvatore , Stubbs Christopher W. , Katsavounidis Erik
Published: July 2018

The recent detection of the binary-neutron-star merger associated with GW170817 by both the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo and the network of electromagnetic-spectrum observing facilities around the world has made the multi-messenger detection of gravitational-wave (GW) events a reality. These joint detections allow us to probe GW sources in greater detail and provide us with the possibility of confidently establishing events that would not have been detected in GW data alone. In this Letter, we explore the prospects of using the electromagnetic (EM) follow-up of low-significance GW event candidates to increase the sample of confident detections with EM counterparts. We find that the GW-alert threshold change that would roughly double the number of detectable astrophysical events would increase the false-alarm rate (FAR) by more than five orders of magnitude from 1 per 100 years to more than 1000 per year. We find that the localization costs of following up low-significance candidates are marginal, as the same changes to FAR only increase distance/area localizations by less than a factor of 2 and increase volume localization by less than a factor of 4. We argue that EM follow-up thresholds for low-significance candidates should be set on the basis of alert purity (P
astro) and not FAR. Ideally, such estimates of P
astro would be provided by LIGO-Virgo, but in their absence we provide estimates of the average purity of the GW candidate alerts issued by LIGO-Virgo as a function of FAR for various LIGO-Virgo observing epochs.
Pseudognaphalium aldunateoides de nuevo bajo Gnaphalium (Compositae: Gnaphalieae)
Authors: Acosta-Maindo A. , Galbany-Casals M.
Published: July 2018

La clasificación genérica de varios miembros de la tribu Gnaphalieae (Compositae) y en particular la delimitación genérica del antiguo género Gnaphalium ha sido problemática durante mucho tiempo. El género Pseudognaphalium fue escindido de Gnaphalium por su morfología lo que después fue apoyado por filogenias moleculares. Sin embargo, la identidad genérica de algunas especies todavía es dudosa. Aquí aportamos un estudio morfológico de Pseudognaphalium aldunateoides, que es comparado con las especies tipo de los géneros Gnaphalium (Gnaphalium uliginosum) y Pseudognaphalium (Gnaphalium oxyphyllum). También hemos incluido estas tres especies en filogenias moleculares de la tribu Gnaphalieae basadas en ADN ribosómico nuclear y ADN cloroplástico. Nuestros resultados muestran que P. aldunateoides tiene el vilano dimórfico, carácter que no está presente en el género Pseudognaphalium pero que, sin embargo, es característico del género Gnaphalium. Además, su estereoma muestra características intermedias entre el estereoma no dividido típico del género Gnaphalium y el estereoma fenestrado típico del género Pseudognaphalium. En ambas filogenias, P. aldunateoides se sitúa dentro del clado Gnaphalium s. str., no próximamente emparentado con Pseudognaphalium. Con todas estas evidencias concluimos que P. aldunateoides se clasifica correctamente dentro de Gnaphalium.
2B4 Mediates Inhibition of CD8+ T Cell Responses via Attenuation of Glycolysis and Cell Division
Authors: Laurie Sonia J. , Liu Danya , Wagener Maylene E. , Stark Phoebe C. , Terhorst Cox , Ford Mandy L.
Published: July 2018

We recently showed that 2B4 expression on memory T cells in human renal transplant recipients was associated with reduced rates of rejection. To investigate whether 2B4 functionally underlies graft acceptance during transplantation, we established an experimental model in which 2B4 was retrogenically expressed on donor-reactive murine CD8+ T cells (2B4rg), which were then transferred into naive recipients prior to skin transplantation. We found that constitutive 2B4 expression resulted in significantly reduced accumulation of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells following transplantation and significantly prolonged graft survival following transplantation. This marked reduction in alloreactivity was due to reduced proliferation of CD8+ Thy1.1+ 2B4rg cells as compared with control cells, underpinned by extracellular flux analyses demonstrating that 2B4-deficient (2B4KO) CD8+ cells activated in vitro exhibited increased glycolytic capacity and upregulation of gene expression profiles consistent with enhanced glycolytic machinery as compared with wild type controls. Furthermore, 2B4KO CD8+ T cells primed in vivo exhibited significantly enhanced ex vivo uptake of a fluorescent glucose analogue. Finally, the proliferative advantage associated with 2B4 deficiency was only observed in the setting of glucose sufficiency; in glucose-poor conditions, 2B4KO CD8+ T cells lost their proliferative advantage. Together, these data indicate that 2B4 signals function to alter T cell glucose metabolism, thereby limiting the proliferation and accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Targeting 2B4 may therefore represent a novel therapeutic strategy to attenuate unwanted CD8+ T cell responses.
Physical and gas permeation properties of five-layer polyethylene film used as greenhouse roof
Authors: Dehbi Abdelkader , Youssef Boulos , Mourad Abdel-Hamid I. , Chappey Corinne , Picuno Pietro , Statuto Dina
Published: July 2018

The effect of sand wind ageing simulation performed under different conditions for a five-layer film consisting of polyethylene, poly-vinyl-acetate and various additives has been investigated. The mechanical properties of the five-layer films after several treatments were evaluated, together with their surface morphology - analysed by using Fourier transform infrared and contact angle - and gas permeation properties. The experimental analysis indicated that these treatments had a significant influence on the surface of the film only. An attempt has been done to compare the properties of the five-layer films with the monolayer and tri-layer films with or without air bubble under similar conditions.
Pharmacological manipulation of serotonin receptors during brain embryogenesis favours stress resiliency in female rats
Authors: Lavanco Gianluca , Cavallaro Angela , Cannizzaro Emanuele , Giammanco Marco , Di Majo Danila , Brancato Anna
Published: July 2018

Manipulations of the serotonin transmission during early development induce long-lasting changes in the serotonergic circuitry throughout the brain. However, little is known on the developmental consequences in the female progeny. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the behavioural effects of pre- and postnatal stimulation of the serotonergic system by 5-methoxytryptamine in adolescent female rats on behavioural reactivity and anxiety- like phenotype. Our results show that perinatal 5- methoxythyptamine decreased total distance travelled and rearing frequency in the novel enviroment, and increased the preference for the centre of the arena in the open field test. Moreover, perinatal 5-methoxytryptamine increased the percentages of entries and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze, with respect to perinatally vehicle-exposed rats. Thus, perinatal stimulation of serotonin receptors does not impair the functional response to the emotional challenges in female rats, favouring the occurrence of a stress-resilient phenotype.
The peculiar behavior of dnaA, gyrA and gyrB temperature-sensitive mutants and their Hfr derivatives made recA, rnhA or both mutants
Authors: Coppo Erika , Marchese Anna , Debbia Eugenio Agenore
Published: July 2018

The role of the recA and rnhA mutations on the growth of different thermo-sensitive mutants at the non permissive temperature was studied. The growth of Hfr strains selected by integrative suppression in a dnaA(Ts) mutant was found strongly dependent on the RecA protein. This latter gene product was also essential for gyrA(Ts) and gyrB(Ts), rnhA double mutants for growing at 43°C. This RecA+ dependent cell multiplication was due to the fact that all the strains studied initiated their DNA synthesis from site(s) different from the normal gene oriC. This phenomenon causes in the cell a non-stop production of the bacterial genome with concomitant disorders in the bacterial division process. It has been suggested that when the growth of the microorganism is driven by an extra-chromosomal genetic element it behaves like a transformed tumor cell. Thus the bacterial model may present many advantages for studying the mechanisms by which cells lose the control of their division process because of an infecting foreign genetic element integrated in their chromosome.
Forhidrol, a bioactive fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., increases reverse cholesterol transport pathway by down-regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity
Authors: Berlian Guntur , Tandrasasmita Olivia M. , Suciptan Dwi A.S. , Tjandrawinata Raymond R.
Published: July 2018

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Indonesia. This plant has traditionally been used to lower cholesterol and control hypertension. This study was performed to examine the effect of Forhidrol, a bioactive fraction of P. macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., to increase reverse cholesterol transport through the down-regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Measurement of target genes including liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), scavenger receptor class B type 1, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, apolipoprotein B, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor α (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were done using realtime polymerase chain reaction assay. Secreted CETP and apolipoprotein A-1 were analyzed using western blot. CETP activity in vitro was measured using CETP inhibitor drug screening kit and triglyceride synthesis was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forhidrol was found to significantly down-regulate CETP mRNA expression, as well as total CETP and cholesteryl esters transfer activity (P<0.05). It specifically reduced transcriptional level of regulatory genes of CETP promoter including SREBP-1 and LXR. Forhidrol also significantly increased PPARδ and PPARα expression (P<0.05) and slightly repressed triglycerides synthesis. In vivo study showed elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in rabbits after 4-week treatment of Forhidrol at a dose of 37.5 mg/1.5 kg body weight compared to placebo. Conversely, LDL, triglyceride and CETP activity were decreased. Forhidrol increased HDL levels by reducing CETP-dependent transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL particles. Looking at possible side effects, Forhidrol apparently acted as a safe agent without negative effect towards blood pressure. These findings suggested that Forhidrol may be further developed as a potential anti-atherogenic drug.
Effects of altered gravity induced by clinorotation on the cholinesterase activity of the non-sentient model Paramecium primaurelia (Protozoa)
Authors: Sardi Francesca , Rossi Martina , Ferrando Sara , Masini Maria Angela , Biggi Federico , Amaroli Andrea
Published: July 2018

Compounds known as chemical mediators, including acetylcholine, have been found not only in humans and animals, but also in living organisms, like protozoa, which lack nervous system. In Paramecium primaurelia has been described a cholinergic system, which is proven to play an important role in cell-cell interactions during its developmental cycle. In our work we investigated the effects of exposure to simulated microgravity (3D Random Positioning Machine, 56 rpm, 10-6 g) on the cholinesterase activity of the eukaryote unicellular-organism alternative-model P. primaurelia. Our results show that the exposure of P. primaurelia to microgravity for 6 h, 24 h, 48 h affects the localization and the amount of cholinesterase activity compared to cells grown under Earth gravity conditions (1 g). However, these effects are transient since P. primaurelia restores its normal cholinesterase activity after 72 h under microgravity conditions, as well as cells exposed up to 72 h to microgravity and then placed under terrestrial gravity for 48 h.
Effects of environmental factors on Tigriopus fulvus, Fischer 1860, a Mediterranean harpacticoid copepod
Authors: Bonello Guido , Angelini Cristiano , Pane Luigi
Published: July 2018

Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860) is a benthic harpacticoid copepod of the Mediterranean supralittoral zone. The transitional characteristics of this environment forced this species to develop high resistance to changes of environmental parameters. Nevertheless, Tigriopus fulvus life-cycle is influenced from the splashpools physical-chemical parameters. In this paper, we present the results of a supralittoral monitoring performed in 2014, confirming the influence of some of these environmental parameters on population buildups. Because of recent worldwide climate change effects, a threat might have been posed on this particularly exposed organism, whose population density decreased of a sixfold value in the last 30 years. During the three pools (A, B, C) monitoring, the maximum copepod density recorded was 1456 Ind/l (September 2014, Pool C), alongside first records of extinction event for Tigriopus fulvus.
Eurycnemus v. d. Wulp (Diptera, Chironomidae) newly recorded in China
Authors: Li L. , Tang H.
Published: July 2018

Pharate male, pupa and larva of Eurycnemus cf. nozakii Kobayashi 1998 are described based on the associated material collected from Liaoning Province. This is the first record of this genus in China. The Chinese species is distinctly smaller than the Japanese E. nozakii at all stages, which can be separated from congeners by the presence of hind tibial comb and the absence of basal strong seta on the gonostylus in the male, some differences are also found in the immature stage, which suggest an independent new species rather than the true E. nozakii. Detailed differences are compared among similar taxa from Japan, Russian Far East and China. Pupal exuviae collected from Fujian and Yunnan Provinces were also examined, which can be separated from the above species by the short male genital sac. Because of few different characters at the immature stage among these similar taxa from a wide range, the possible high diversity within this genus is suspected. Based on the current knowledge, the generic diagnosis is emended.
Larvicidal effects of eight essential oils against Plodia interpunctella and T. castaneum, serious pests of stored products worldwide
Authors: Brari J. , Thakur D.R.
Published: July 2018

Fumigant toxicity of eight essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from eight plant species viz. Artemisia maritima L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Citrus hystrix DC., Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm., Pelargonium hortorum Bailey, Rabdosia rugosa Wall. ex Benth, Thuja occidentalis L. and Zanthoxylum armatum DC. were tested against different immature stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) both are serious pests of stored products worldwide. 8-10 day and 18-20 day old larvae of P. interpunctella and T. castaneum were used for the bioassay. R. rugosa oil gave 80.03±5.6% mortality at 100 µl/ml followed by 72.28±4.9% at 50 µl/ml against 8-10 day old larvae. Whereas 65.47±2.9% mortality at 100 µl/ml followed by 62.09±1.8% mortality at a dose of 50 µl/ml was obtained against 18-20 day old larvae of T. castaneum after 120 hrs. At a lowest concentration of 10 µl/ml R. rugosa oil produced 53.8.33±2.2 % mortality for 8-10 day old larvae and a mortality of 40.55±3.9% respectively was obtained for 18-20 day old larvae of P. interpunctella after 120 hrs. Among eight essential oils tested R. rugosa had the highest toxicity followed by A. maritima, C. zeylanicum, Z. armatum, T. occidentalis, P. hortorum, C. oppositifolia and C. hystrix against both the insect pests. The results obtained also showed that tolerance increases as the immature stages grow older and 18-20 day old larvae were least susceptible to all the treatments as compared to 8-10 days old larvae. Larvae of T. castaneum were found to be most susceptible for all treatments than P. interpunctella.
Is the alien species Clepsis peritana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) settling in Italy?
Authors: Pinzari M. , Zerunian Z. , Pinzari M.
Published: July 2018

Clepsis peritana (Clemens, 1860) is a native species of North America that has been accidentally introduced in Europe in 80’s. This species was mentioned as occurring in Gibraltar, Spain, Denmark and Italy, but no precise collecting data were provided. The presence of the garden tortrix, Clepsis peritana, in Italy is confirmed by a single specimen collected in Central Italy (Umbria region) that is identified by both external characters and dissection of the male genitalia.
Il Regolamento Europeo sulla protezione dei dati personali: implicazioni per la ricerca scientifica / The European Regulation on the protection of personal data: implications for scientific research
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: July 2018

Non disponibile / Not available
Le 5 leggi della Quinta Disciplina nel Management Sanitario / The 5 Laws of the Fifth Discipline in Health Management
Authors: Pensieri C.
Published: July 2018

Le aziende sanitarie, gli ospedali e le cliniche private sono diventate nell’ultimo ventennio aziende alla continua ricerca di un pareggio dei conti e in alcuni casi di profitto. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi di pareggio di bilancio o di profitto è stato necessario lavorare sul Management. I livelli dirigenziali hanno dovuto modellarsi sulle aziende a scopo di lucro per fare benchmarking delle migliori pratiche economiche e amministrative. La Quinta Disciplina, frutto della Sloan School of management del Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), è un sistema di management e leadership delle Learning Organization che hanno dimostrato una forte capacità di adattamento e superamento delle crisi. In questo articolo trattiamo le 5 Leggi della Quinta Disciplina che i top manager sanitari dovrebbero conoscere per gestire, prevedere e controllare i cambiamenti aziendali. ---------- In the last twenty years, hospitals and private clinics have become companies searching for a break or, in some cases, for profit. To achieve these profits or balance goals, it was necessary to work on management. Leadership levels needed to model on profit-making companies to benchmark the most effective economic and administrative practices. The Fifth Discipline (result of the MIT’s Sloan School of Management) is an organization management and leadership system that has demonstrated a strong ability to adapt and overcome the crisis. In this article, we deal with the 5 Laws of the Fifth Discipline that the top health managers should know about managing, predicting, and controlling business changes.
Study on antibacterial and flavonoid content of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel
Authors: Jaisinghani Renu Narendra , Makhwana Shweta , Kanojia Ankit
Published: July 2018

Pomegranate is known for it's many health benefits. These benefits are due to the biological active compounds which are present in the pulp as well as in the peel of the pomegranate. The active compounds from the peel were obtained using cold percolation method using ethanol as solvent. Antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) was studied on E. coli, E. coli NCIM 2065, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi B, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, S. aureus, S. aureus NCIM2079, Shigella flexneri, Lactobacilus casei var shirota by agar well diffusion method. All organisms were sensitive to the extract with inhibitory concentration ranging from 25mg/mL-100mg/mL except Lactobacilus casei var shirota which was resistant to even 100mg/mL concentration of PPE. Flavonoid content of the extract was found to be 10mg quercetin equivalent/g of extract.
In vitro bactericidal activities of various extracts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas from Torbat-e Heydarieh, Gonabad and Khorasan, Iran
Authors: Cenci-Goga Beniamino T. , Torricelli Renzo , Hosseinzadeh Gonabad Yousef , Ferradini Nicoletta , Venanzoni Roberto , Sechi Paola , Iulietto Maria Francesca , Albertini Emidio
Published: July 2018

Saffron is one of the most expensive spices in the world (20,000 €/kg) and this is due not only to the high demand for its various uses such as cooking, production of staining medicines, cosmetics etc., but also for the high costs of cultivation and production. Several studies have demonstrated that differences in saffron quality are mainly due to the methodology followed in the processing of stigmas, and environmental conditions independent of the origin. Some authors found phenotypic variations within cultivated saffron, but very limited genetic diversity. The reason for the very limited genetic diversity in cultivated saffron is explained by its asexual mode of reproduction (propagation). The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of stigma saffron, which were tested against different bacteria strains. The results obtained from the antimicrobial activity study indicate that stigmas of C. sativus have some antimicrobial effect.
Oxygen-ozone and α-lipoic acid in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies conflicting therapies or synergistic association?
Authors: Bruno Antonio Santo
Published: July 2018

The report in question is divided into four parts: i) neuropathies: pathophysiology notes; ii) oxidative stress: conceptual points useful for this report; iii) lipoic acid: general characteristics with particular mention of the characteristics of the product that can influence the action of the ozone; iv) oxygen-ozone therapy and lipoic acid: conflict or synergistic association?
Migration: The Aftershocks to the Provision of Healthcare
Authors: Lobitz Stephan
Published: July 2018

Migration is the “movement of people to a new area or country in order to find work or better living conditions” (Oxford dictionary) [...]
Diagnostic Strategies in Hemoglobinopathy Testing, the Role of a Reference Laboratory in the USA
Authors: Oliveira Jennifer L.
Published: July 2018

Although commonly assessed in the context of microcytosis or sickling syndrome screening, hemoglobin mutations may not be as readily considered as a cause of other symptoms. These include macrocytosis with or without anemia, chronic or episodic hemolysis, neonatal anemia, erythrocytosis, cyanosis/hypoxia and methemoglobinemia/ sulfhemoglobinemia. Hemoglobin disorders commonly interfere with the reliability of Hb A1c measurement. Because the clinical presentation can be varied and the differential diagnosis broad, a systematic evaluation guided by signs and symptoms can be effective. A tertiary care reference laboratory is particularly challenged by the absence of pertinent clinical history and relevant laboratory findings, and appropriate use of resources in a data vacuum can be problematic. To address these issues, our laboratory has constructed testing panels with a tiered strategy utilizing screening assays that detect the most common causes and reflexing additional assays that assess less common etiologies. See Figure 1. Our testing algorithm panels include a rapid hemoglobin fraction monitoring test, a generic diagnostic hemoglobin electrophoresis profile, and more specific diagnostic evaluations for microcytic anemia, hereditary hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia and sufhemoglobinemia and erythrocytosis. Use of these testing strategies has facilitated the identification of rare and complex hemoglobin disorders from a wide variety of ethnic groups, including over 500 distinct named alpha, beta and gamma variants (of which 60+ were novel variants at the time of first detection), 99 beta thalassemia mutations and greater than 20 large deletional beta globin cluster deletion subtypes.
Adherence to Treatment: Doctor vs Patient Perspective
Authors: Shah Farrukh , Kaltsounis Georgios
Published: July 2018

It has been demonstrated over time that patients with haemoglobinopathies who exhibit a high level of compliance to proper therapy benefit not only from higher life expectancy but also from significantly better quality of life. The treatment of thalassaemia consists of blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Managing any complications due to iron overload, performing all necessary clinical and laboratory examinations and dealing effectively with psychological issues are also very important. Blood transfusion scheme must be designed by the treating physician according to the patient’s clinical needs. Chelation therapy should be aimed at selecting the right medication and the right dose. Examinations should be as organized as possible, and the management of complications depends significantly on cooperation with experienced specialists in each respective field. Ultimately, effectiveness of treatment and patient’s psychological well-being (acceptance of the disease and positive attitude) are the most decisive factors, as they seem to be connected to adherence through a mechanism of positive feedback. Hence, professional psychological support should be part of multidisciplinary care. Difference of point of view between doctor and patient can often be the reason behind misinterpretations or misunderstandings.
Let’s Talk about Thal: How Communication Can Improve Quality of Life
Authors: Levine Laurice M.
Published: July 2018

In many parts of the world, research, improved technology, and better medicine have enabled people with thalassemia to live longer [...]
TIF Conference Presentation in Detail
Authors: Waheed Shaikh Barrister Abid
Published: July 2018

The factors determining the health behaviours may be seen in various contexts: physical, socio-economic, cultural and political. So the utilization of a health care system, public or private, formal or non-formal, may depend on socio-demographic factors, social structures, level of education, cultural beliefs and practices, gender discrimination, status of women, economic and political systems environmental conditions, and the disease pattern and health care system itself. Policy makers need to understand the drivers of health seeking behaviour of the population in an increasingly pluralistic health care system. Also a more concerted effort is required for designing behavioural health promotion campaigns through inter-sectoral collaboration focusing more on disadvantaged segments of the population.
Effects of licofelone, a novel 5-LOX inhibitor, in comparison to celecoxib on gastric mucosa of dogs
Authors: Shojaee Tabrizi Aidin , Azizzadeh Mohammad , Esfandiari Aidin
Published: July 2018

Despite the extensive application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the use of these drugs is limited due to their adverse effects especially on gastric mucosa. Dual inhibitors that inhibit both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites are considered to have less gastric toxicity in comparison to non-selective and COX-2 selective inhibitors. In this study, fifteen mixed breed dogs were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (n=5) received placebo, group 2 (n=5) licofelone, an inhibitor of COX- 1, COX-2, and 5-LOX (2.5 mg/kg; twice daily) and group 3 (n=5) celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor (3 mg/kg; twice daily) per os for 14 days. All dogs underwent blinded gastroscopies on days 0, 7, 14 and one week after cessation of treatment and gastric lesions were scored. Examinations to detect fecal occult blood were performed daily. Results showed that licofelone is significantly better tolerated than celecoxib in terms of gastric side effects (P=0.008). Therefore, it seems that licofelone can be an appropriate alternative in dogs when NSAID therapy is necessary. Occult blood was not detected in any dog during the study.
Intestinal T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration in a cat: a cytohistopathological evaluation with immunophenotyping
Authors: Nikousefat Zahra , Hashemnia Mohammad , Javdani Moosa
Published: July 2018

In the present study, we describe the cytohistopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the intestinal Tcell lymphoma in a seven-year-old male Persian cat, applying the World Health Organization (WHO) system for the classification of domestic animal lymphomas. In fine-needle aspiration, mesenteric lymph nodes contained many lymphocytes from small- to medium-size, a few lymphoblasts and plasma cells, and rare eosinophils suggestive of hyperplastic lymph node. Histopathologically, diffuse infiltration and proliferation of tumor cells in the large intestine mucosa with architectural distortion of the crypts to the tunica muscularis in the submucosa and mucosal ulceration were observed. The tumor cells were composed of small-to-intermediate-sized lymphocytes with round, monomorphic nuclei and scantto- moderate cytoplasm. Eosinophils infiltration was present. The mitotic rate was low. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that neoplastic cells were mostly and strongly positive for T-cell phenotype CD3+ but negative for B-cell phenotypes CD20- and CD79a-. On the basis of cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings, the present tumor was diagnosed as intestinal T-cell lymphoma, according to WHO histological classification. Applying the WHO classification system for the diagnosis of feline lymphomas is very useful and has high accuracy and consistency. Although cytological examination may assist in the evaluation of gastrointestinal disease, histopathological examination is necessary to establish a definitive diagnosis of alimentary lymphoma.
Employee engagement in Nigeria: The role of leaders and boundary variables
Authors: Amah Okechukwu E.
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Engaged employees make a valuable contribution to organisational agility and productivity in challenging business environments. Hence, identifying factors that enhance employee engagement is important in the Nigerian context.Research purpose: The objectives of this study were to show that various leadership styles have different effects on employee engagement, and that the employee voice and the perception of organisational support are boundary variables through which leadership style affects employee engagement.Motivation for the study: High unemployment rate and job insecurity in Nigeria make it necessary to determine leadership styles and other factors that enhance employee engagement.Research design, approach and method: Cross-sectional survey design was used with samples taken from organisations located in Lagos, Nigeria (n = 300). Existing measures of study variables that have been validated were used for the study. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and structural equation modelling techniques were used for data analysis.Main findings: The relationship between leadership style and employee engagement is not direct but mediated through boundary variables, employee voice and perception of organisational support. Servant leadership style has the highest total effect on employee engagement. Autocratic style is detrimental to the engagement of employees. Encouraging employee voice enhances the employee’s perception of the organisation as supportive.Practical/managerial implications: Though leadership is known to be the main driver of employee engagement, not all leadership styles enhance employee engagement. The effect of leadership on employee engagement is influenced by the favourable environment created by the leader’s behaviour. Organisations must use the determination of potential leadership style as recruitment tool for new managers and those to be promoted. The performance evaluation of leaders must include behavioural factors that capture leaders’ ability to create a favourable environment that encourages the employee voice and perception of organisation as supportive.Contribution/value-add: Leadership styles are not equally effective in enhancing employee engagement. There are boundary variables arising from the environment created by leadership behaviour that enhance the effect of leadership style on employee engagement. The study was performed in Nigeria where high unemployment rate and job insecurity created a unique challenge in getting employees engaged.