bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical case of primary multiple hemangioendothelioma in a child with CNS lesions
Authors: Kolcheva M. A. , Kumirova E. V. , Livshits M. I. , Skobeev D. A. , Umerenkov V. N. , Oleynikov B. I. , Kuznetsova A. A. , Chmutin G. E.
Published: February 2023

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is one of the rarest vascular tumor found in the brain. In the pediatric group of patients, the proportion of EHE is only 0.02% of all brain neoplasms, and therefore oncogenesis and the causes are currently not well understood. Intracranial localization of EHE is extremely rare, nevertheless, this type of neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnostic series when multiple small intracerebral masses with hypointense MR signal in T2 mode are detected on magnetic resonance imaging. No specific therapy is currently developed for this disease, the optimal treatment is surgical removal of the volumetric mass if this type of treatment is possible. This article presents a clinical case of a primary multiple CNS lesion in a 14-year-old child with a long history of epilepsy. According to our data, the presented clinical case is the only one registered in the world, with primary multiple CNS EHE of the brain in the pediatric population
Single picket in Russia and Germany: Constitutional and legal dimension
Authors: Salenko Alexander V.
Published: February 2023

In Russia the Public Assembly Law, which regulates the implementation of the constitutional right to freedom of peaceful assembly, is in the process of constant development. The author analyzes the Russian legislation and case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which affect the holding of peaceful assemblies in the form of picketing (also single picketing). The author conducts that the conduct of single pickets in the Russian Federation in law years has been highly formalized. Theoretically, holding a single picket does not require notification and approval from representatives of public authorities. However, as the analysis shows, it is difficult to exercise the right to a single picket in practice, because law has established a number of restrictions, which significantly complicate the exercise of the freedom of peaceful assembly in the form of single picketing. The author concludes that the right to a single picket without approval de facto has a declarative nature, since law enforcement authorities have considerable discretion when qualifying a single picket as an unauthorized public event. The article contains an analysis of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia, which attempted to limit the discretion of law enforcement authorities in order to simplify the procedure for holding single pickets in Russia. In the article, the author examines the constitutional and legal experience of modern Germany (in particular, the German legal doctrice of Versammlungsrecht), where a single picket is regarded as one of forms to implement the constitutional freedom of speech and opinion, as well as the right to free development of the individual. The general conclusion of the author is that it is necessary to significantly simplify the procedure for holding a single picket, which could be regarded as the safest form of public event.
Improving the quality of reservoir pressure gridding by regularizing the CRMP-TM history matching problem
Authors: Bekman Alexander D.
Published: February 2023

To enable rapid decision making in the process of hydrocarbon field development, experts are increasingly moving away from slow 3D hydrodynamic models in favor of simpler proxy-models. In particular, to solve such an important task of development analysis as reservoir pressure gridding, the CRMP-TM proxy-model was previously proposed. This proxy model allows estimating the values of reservoir pressures for wells for each step of the simulated time interval. The achieved pressure values may be used as input data for the problem of reservoir pressure gridding. This article provides examples of situations in which the previously published methodology of using the CRMP-TM model is not applicable. A new technique has been proposed that makes it possible to expand the applicability of this model to the considered situations, as well as to make the estimates of formation pressure values for injection wells more accuracy. The results of numerical experiments are presented, confirming that the accuracy of the estimates increases when using the new technique.
Research on the thermodynamic conditions for the pyrolysis of monosilane in a cyclic compression reactor
Authors: Yezdin Boris S. , Kalyada Valery V. , Vasiliev Sergey A. , Shabiev Farid K. , Pakharukov Yuri V. , Safargaliev Ruslan F.
Published: February 2023

In this work the pyrolysis of monosilane under adiabatic compression conditions in an argon atmosphere is investigated. Cyclic compression reactor is used to create thermodynamic conditions required for monosilane pyrolysis. It is shown that for the monosilane content in the buffer gas not exceeding 20% the complete pyrolysis occurs in the peak pressure range above 2.5 MPa. The monosilane decomposition into silicon and hydrogen is accompanied by the synthesis of silicon nanoparticles sized 10-150 nm. The maximum size of the particles occurs at 50-60 nm. The particle sizes follow the lognormal distribution which points in favour of the growth mechanism due to the fusion of smaller particles.
Recent Advances and Techniques for Identifying Novel Antibacterial Targets
Authors: Nazli Adila , Qiu Jingyi , Tang Ziyi , He Yun
Published: February 2023

Background:

With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the development of new antibiotics is urgently required. Target-based drug discovery is the most frequently employed approach for the drug development process. However, traditional drug target identification techniques are costly and time-consuming. As research continues, innovative approaches for antibacterial target identification have been developed which enabled us to discover drug targets more easily and quickly.

Methods:

In this review, methods for finding drug targets from omics databases have been discussed in detail including principles, procedures, advantages, and potential limitations. The role of phage-driven and bacterial cytological profiling approaches is also discussed. Moreover, current article demonstrates the advancements being made in the establishment of computational tools, machine learning algorithms, and databases for antibacterial target identification.

Results:

Bacterial drug targets successfully identified by employing these aforementioned techniques are described as well.

Conclusion:

The goal of this review is to attract the interest of synthetic chemists, biologists, and computational researchers to discuss and improve these methods for easier and quicker development of new drugs.
Research Progress in the Clinical Treatment of Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ai Jing-Yan , Zhao Peng-Cheng , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu
Published: February 2023

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease
with severe disorders of lipid metabolism. It is mainly marked by increasing levels
of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), xanthoma,
corneal arch, and early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of FH is
high, and it is dangerous and clinically underdiagnosed. The clinical treatment for FH includes
both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, of which non-pharmacological
treatment mainly includes therapeutic lifestyle change and dietary therapy,
LDL apheresis, liver transplantation and gene therapy. In recent years, many novel drugs
have been developed to treat FH more effectively. In addition, the continuous maturity of
non-pharmacological treatment techniques has also brought more hope for the treatment
of FH. This paper analyzes the pathogenic mechanism and the progress in clinical treatment
of FH. Furthermore, it also summarizes the mechanism and structure-activity relationship
of FH therapeutic drugs that have been marketed. In a word, this article provides
a reference value for the research and development of FH therapeutic drugs.
Advances in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Management - The Role of Sacubitril-Valsartan, Pirfenidone, Spironolactone and Empagliflozin: Is Success a Series of Small Victories?
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Kousta Maria , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Karageorgiou Sofia , Myrovali Evangelia , Deftereos Gerasimos , Fragakis Nikolaos , Siasos Gerasimos , Vassilikos Vassilios P.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome characterized by marked heterogeneity in comorbidities and etiopathology substrates, leading to a diverse range of clinical manifestations and courses. Treatment options have been extremely limited and up to this day, there are virtually no pharmaceutical agents proven to reduce mortality in these patients.

Objective:

The primary objective of this narrative review is to critically summarize existing evidence regarding the use of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI), spironolactone, pirfenidone and empagliflozin in HFpEF.

Methods:

Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus were searched - from inception up to May 2022- using adequately selected keywords. Additional hand-search was also performed using the references of the articles identified as relevant (snowball strategy).

Results:

Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI) and spironolactone, despite being very successful in HFrEF, did not do well in clinical trials of HFpEF, although there appear to be certain subsets of patients who may derive benefit. Data regarding pirfenidone are limited and come from small trials; as a result, it would be premature to draw firm conclusions, although it seems improbable that this agent will ever become a mainstay in the general population of HFpEF patients, while there may be a niche for the drug in individuals with comorbidities associated with an intense fibrotic activity. Finally, empagliflozin, largely welcomed as the first agent to have a “positive” randomized clinical trial in HFpEF, does not seem to evade the general pattern of reduced hospitalizations for HF with no substantial effect on mortality, seen in ARNI and spironolactone HFpEF trials.

Conclusion:

Recent research in drug treatment for HFpEF has resulted in an overall mixed picture, with trials showing potential benefits from certain classes of drugs, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, and no benefit from other drugs, which have shown to be effective in patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, small steps may be the way to go in HFpEF, and success is sometimes just a series of small victories.
Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials-based Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Progress and
Prospects
Authors: Yao Yangxue , Yang Maobin , Shi Sirong
Published: February 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves lesions of the entire joint and remains one of the health problems plaguing
the world. The pathological mechanism of OA is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways. Over 300 million
people worldwide are living with OA, which imposes a huge burden on society. Nucleic acid nanomaterials are
of interest to the biomedical field due to their small dimension, ideal biocompatibility, and structure editability. Various
nucleic acids have been used as therapeutic drugs to regulate the pathogenesis and development of OA. Among
them, some can enter the cell by themselves and others with the aid of vectors. Apart from high therapeutic efficiency,
nucleic acid nanomaterials also act as carriers for transporting drugs. This paper reviews recent advances in nucleic
acid nanomaterials in OA therapy, suggesting that nucleic acid nanomaterials-based therapy has good prospects
for development.
Dose-dependent Effects of PRC2 and HDAC Inhibitors on Cardiomyocyte
Hypertrophy Induced by Phenylephrine
Authors: Chen Weixin , Wang Zhihua , Zhao Zhenyi , Lv Jian , Guo Ningning , Guo Qiuxiao , Zeng Sai , Fang Yu
Published: February 2023

aims:

To elucidate the roles of PRC2 and HDACs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

background:

Postnatal cardiomyocytes respond to stress signals by hypertrophic growth and fetal gene reprogramming, which involves epigenetic remodeling mediated by histone methyltransferase polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, it remains unclear to what extent these histone modifiers contribute to the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

objective:

To compare the dose-dependent effects of GSK126 and TSA, inhibitors of PRC2 and HDACs, respectively, on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

method:

Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were stimulated by phenylephrine (PE; 50μM) to induce hypertrophy in the presence or absence of the PRC2 inhibitor GSK126 or the HDACs inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). Histone methylation and acetylation were measured by Western blot. Cell size was determined by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. Cardiac hypertrophy markers were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

result:

PE treatment induced the expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers, including natriuretic peptide A (Nppa), natriuretic peptide B (Nppb), and myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7), in a time-dependent manner in NRVMs. Histone modifications, including H3K27me3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac, were dynamically altered after PE treatment. Treatment with TSA and GSK126 dose-dependently repressed histone acetylation and methylation, respectively. Whereas TSA reversed the PE-induced cell size enlargement in a wide range of concentrations, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was only inhibited by GSK126 at a higher dose (1μM). Consistently, TSA dose-dependently suppressed the induction of Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7/Myh6 ratio, while these indexes were only inhibited by GSK126 at 1μM. However, TSA, but not GSK126, caused pro-hypertrophic expression of pathological genes at the basal level.

conclusion:

Our data demonstrate diversified effects of TSA and GSK126 on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and shed a light on the epigenetic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.

other:

Our data systematically compared the effects of TSA and GSK126 on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and demonstrate the concentration thresholds for their protective function.
Metal-Organic Framework in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery
Authors: Selvaraj Jubie , Kundu Sudipto , Swaroop Akey Krishna
Published: February 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, crystalline materials made up of organic ligands and metal ions/metal clusters linked by coordinative bonds. This large family is becoming increasingly popular for drug delivery due to their tuneable porosity, chemical composition, size and shape, and ease of surface functionalization. There has been a growing interest over the last decades in the design of engineered MOFs with controlled sizes for a variety of biomedical applica-tions. Starting with the MOFs classification adapted for drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on the types of constituting metals and ligands. MOFs are appealing drug delivery vehicles because of their substantial drug absorption capacity and slow-release processes, which protect and convey sensitive drug molecules to target areas. Other guest materials have been incorporated into MOFs to create MOF-composite materials, which have added additional functionalities such as externally triggered drug release, improved pharmacokinetics, and diagnostic aids. Magnetic nanoparticles in MOFs for MRI image contrast and polymer coatings that increase blood circulation time are exam-ples of synthetically adaptable MOF-composites. By including photosensitizers, which exert lethal effects on cancer cells by converting tumour oxygen into reactive singlet oxygen (1O2), metal-organic frameworks have been employed for photodynamic treatment (PDT) of malignancies among a multitude of nanosized therapies. Importantly, a variety of representative MOF applica-tions are described from the perspectives of pharmaceutics, disease therapy, and advanced drug de-livery systems. However, because of their weak conductivity, selectivity, and lack of modification sites, MOF materials' uses in electrochemical biosensing are restricted. MOF-based composites provide excellent electrical conductivity and robust catalytic activity by adding functionalized na-noparticles into MOF structures, which process benefits over single component MOFs.
Effects of Perceived Social Support on Health-Related Quality of Life in
Asymptomatic and Symptomatic People Living with HIV in China: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xie Meilian , Wang Aiping , Wang Kerong , Yu Yanping , Lin Zhaoxia
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people living with HIV
(PLWH) is one of the critical goals of HIV prevention and control in the following decades, and
perceived social support (PSS) has always exhibited a positive influence on patients' HRQOL. This
study aims to describe the gap in social support in improving HRQOL between symptomatic and
asymptomatic PLWH.

Methods:

By analysing secondary data from an online survey, a multicenter, descriptive and crosssectional
study was conducted. The correlation trend and differences between PSS and HRQOL
among asymptomatic and symptomatic PLWH were determined.

Results:

Information from 493 PLWH with ART medication was finally analyzed: 34.89% asymptomatic
PLWH and 65.11% symptomatic PLWH. There were significant differences observed between
the two groups in terms of family income (χ2 = 9.782, P = 0.021), HIV-positive duration (χ2
= 19.541, P < 0.001), stage of disease (χ2 = 9.617, P = 0.008), and comorbidities (χ2 = 26.119, P <
0.001). The mean score of HRQOL of PLWH for the whole domain of the questionnaire was 86.56
(SD = 15.95). In six domains of QOL and PSS, the asymptomatic group had better conditions than
the symptomatic group. There was a linear association between PSS and HRQOL, not only in the
symptomatic group but also asymptomatic population, after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
When the level of PSS was between 60 and 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was
similar to that of the asymptomatic group. While the score of PSS exceeded 80, the HRQOL of the
symptomatic group was less sensitive to the changes in PSS. The social and environmental status of
HRQOL in PLWH was most strongly correlated with their PSS.

Conclusion:

The value of PSS on the HRQOL in PLWH is confirmed, especially for asymptomatic
subjects. Healthcare providers need a complete understanding of the gap in social support between
the asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. The comprehensive strategies, including symptom
management, active treatment, and social support, should be more efficient for improving the overall
health of symptomatic PLWH.

Trial Registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov: ChiCTR2100046225. Registered 11 May 2021.
Reference Range of CT Value in NC-CBBCT Based on Female Breast
Structure
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhong Wuning , Kang Wei , Zhao Xin , Yi XianLin , Su DanKe
Published: February 2023

Background:

As a new high-resolution three-dimensional CT imaging technology, the essential
reference range of CT values in Cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) has not
been established to date.

Purpose:

To determine the reference range of computed tomography (CT) values in CBBCT for clinical
breast examination.

Materials and Methods:

In total, 913 cases (1167 lateral) were subject to CBBCT. CT values of the
glandular tissue, fat and different quadrants and different distances of CBBCT images were analyzed.
The nipple and muscle were also evaluated.

Results:

A total of 672 lateral breasts were included in the normal group for investigation. The reference
range of the absolute CT value of the chest wall muscle is -136.68~43.36 HU. The reference
range of the absolute CT value of the nipple is 176.39~334.02 HU. The reference range of the absolute
CT value of fat is -190.4~-63.67HU, and of glandular tissue is -12.2~199.07HU.

Conclusion:

Our results firstly established the baseline CT values of Non-contrast CBBCT in female
breasts, which will benefit cancer screening and lesion locating. The closer the normal breast fat and
glandular tissue is to the nipple, the greater the CT value. The older the age, the lower the density. The
CT values of fat are unstable in a distance of less than 5 cm, and the CT values of glandular tissues are
relatively stable. The difference between the upper and lower quadrants is significant in the same lateral
breast and the same section.
Possible Mechanism and Pharmacological Activities of a Flavolignan
Silibinin
Authors: Bhardwaj Hemlata , Vasudeva Neeru , Sharma Sunil
Published: February 2023

Silymarin, a flavonolignan derived from the seeds extract of Silybum marianum (milk
thistle), has been frequently used since ancient times. It is made up of flavonolignans such as silychristin,
isosilybin A and B, dehydrosilybin, and silybin as well as flavonoids like taxifolin, with
silibinin being the most active. Silibinin is a diastereoisomeric combination of two flavonolignans,
silybin A and silybin B, with a diastereoisomeric structure. It is found in a variety of phytopreparations
that are used to prevent and treat liver disorders. It is considered an important component
in a huge range of cosmetic, pharmacological, and medical formulations. Several investigations
have revealed that silibinin has anticancer and chemopreventive properties, as well as hypocholesterolaemic,
antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertension, antiparkinson, antiinflammatory,
antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective benefits by the help of different
mechanisms such as inducing apoptosis, decreasing cell proliferation, inhibiting angiogenesis and
viral transition and its entry, and also regulating insulin secretion by decreasing or increasing the
expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1C) and insig-1 transcription
factor, etc. Silibinin data is gathered from many public databanks in order to emphasize its important
role in the treatment or prevention of various diseases.
Investigation of the Potential Antidiabetic Effect of Zygophyllum Sp. by
Studying the Interaction of its Chemical Compounds with Alpha-Amylase
and DPP-4 Enzymes using a Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Arbi Bouziane , Bouchentouf Salim , EL-Shazly Mohamed
Published: February 2023

Background:

Diabetes type II is one of the most serious metabolic diseases in the world attracting
the attention of many researchers who predict that diabetes will be one of the top major causes
of disability or death in the coming few decades. To tackle this disease several classes of synthetic
molecules were developed to target certain enzymes that are involved in sugar metabolism. Herbal extracts
targeting diabetes have witnessed renascence in the last few decades with the introduction of
highly effective herbal remedies that effectively regulate sugar levels in the blood.

Methods:

In this work, we studied the interaction of molecules from the Zygophyllum sp. with the
main enzymes involved in sugar metabolism (alpha-amylase and DPP-4) using Molecular Operating
Environment (MOE) as a molecular docking technique. The choice of Zygophyllum sp. was based on
an ethnopharmacological local survey.

Results:

The calculated scores of molecules from Zygophyllum sp. were better than those calculated
with the known inhibitors. The results demonstrated that many molecules showed good affinity
to two important enzymes involved in type II diabetes, suggesting that these molecules may possess
potential hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects. These results added further scientific evidence supporting
the folk use of Zygophyllum sp. in targeting diabetes and suggested its potential as a valuable
source of antidiabetic drug leads.

Conclusion:

The calculated scores of molecules from Zygophyllum sp. were better than those calculated
with the known inhibitors. The results demonstrated that many molecules showed good affinity
to two important enzymes involved in type II diabetes, suggesting that these molecules may possess
potential hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects. These results added further scientific evidence supporting
the folk use of Zygophyllum sp. in targeting diabetes and suggested its potential as a valuable
source of antidiabetic drug leads.
The Role of Various Factors in Neural Differentiation of Human Umbilical
Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Special Focus on the Physical Stimulants
Authors: Seyyedin Sajad , Ezzatabadipour Massood , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin
Published: February 2023

Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMs) are considered as
ideal tools for cell therapy procedures and regenerative medicine. The capacity of these cells to differentiate
into neural lineage cells make them potentially important in the treatment of various neurodegenerative
diseases. An electronic search was performed in Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and
Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 1990 to March 2022. This review discusses
the current knowledge on the effect of various factors, including physical, chemical and biological stimuli
which play a key role in the differentiation of hUCMs into neural and glial cells. Moreover, the currently
understood molecular mechanisms involved in the neural differentiation of hUCMs under various environmental
stimuli are reviewed. Various stimuli, especially physical stimuli and specifically different
light sources, have revealed effects on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, including
hUCMs; however, due to the lack of information about the exact mechanisms, there is still a need to find
optimal conditions to promote the differentiation capacity of these cells which in turn can lead to significant
progress in the clinical application of hUCMs for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Coumarin and Piperazine Conjugates as Selective Inhibitors of the Tumor-associated
Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Isoforms
Authors: Sethi Aaftaab , Munagalasetty Sharon , Arifuddin Mohammed , Carradori Simone , Supuran Claudiu T. , Alvala Ravi , Alvala Mallika
Published: February 2023

Background:

Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion
of CO2 and water to bicarbonate and proton. CA isoforms I, II, IX, and XII are considered physiologically
and pharmacologically relevant.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to synthesize potent and selective tumor-associated CA IX and XII inhibitors.

Methods:

A library of 17 coumarin derivatives clubbed with piperazine and benzyl moiety was designed, synthesized
and evaluated for its inhibitory effects and selectivity profile towards physiologically and pharmacologically relevant
CA isoforms I, II, IX, and XII.

Results:

All the derivatives were found to be active against the tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII. The most active
compound against hCA (human Carbonic Anhydrase) IX was found to possess a Ki of 229 nM, while the one against
hCA XII had a Ki of 294.2 nM. Additionally, two of the compounds were found to have exquisite selectivity towards
the off-target hCA I and II isoforms. Moreover, they were found to be approximately 20-fold more selective towards
hCA IX than XII. The selectivity of the compounds was further investigated via molecular modeling techniques.

Conclusion:

Coumarin-piperazine hybrids were identified as potent and selective CA IX and XII inhibitors. Molecular
modeling techniques provided interesting cues pertaining to observed selectivity.
Development of an Automatic Tree Coating Machine Based on Cooperative
Functioning of Multiple Nozzles
Authors: Cao Yangfan , Wang Wenchao , Qi Wei , Jing Maoyan , Zhao Ying , Sun Qun
Published: February 2023

Background:

At present, the tree whitewashing in China is mainly based on the
traditional manual whitewashing method, which has the shortcomings of high labor intensity, low
efficiency, excessive wastage of paint, danger to human health, and poor adaptability to the strong
seasonality of tree whitewashing.

Objective:

To reduce the sunburn and water evaporation of trees, prevent the invasion of diseases
and pests, and to enhance the disease resistance of trees, the tree trunk coating mainly uses a traditional
manual method. However, this mainstream manual whitewashing approach is labor- intensive
and inefficient. To resolve the issue, an automatic spraying device for tree coating based on multisprinkler
cooperative operation is designed. It can meet the requirements of tree whitening and replace
manual operation. To some extent, this machine can reduce labor intensity and promote the
healthy growth of trees.

Methods:

Through literature review and field research, the technical requirements and research status
of tree whitewashing have been explored. The three-dimensional Software Solidworks has been
used to model the rack assembly, device moving assembly, up and down moving assembly, nozzle
moving support assembly, and spraying assembly, and then the three-dimensional assembly of the
whole machine has been carried out. According to the simulation optimization results, the initial
three-dimensional model is modified, and then the engineering drawing is drawn through the threedimensional
model for prototype processing, manufacturing, and assembly. The schematic diagram
and PCB pattern of the circuit board of the electronic control system have been drawn, the program
of the controller k60dn512 single chip microcomputer has been written, simulation and debugging
have been conducted, and the control system has been designed. Laboratory and field tests on the
prototype have been conducted, and the device has been improved according to the test data.

Results:

Experiments show that the device can accurately spray trees with a trunk circumference of
50-125cm. When the trunk circumference is greater than 125 cm, repeated spraying can meet the
spraying requirements. The trunk circumference is in the range of 50-80 cm, and the opening and
closing angle is in the range of 80-100°. The spraying effect is good, and the average spraying coverage
can reach 97.73%. The trunk perimeter is in the range of 80-125 cm, and the opening and
closing angle is in the range of 100-120°. The spraying effect is the best, and the average spraying
coverage can reach 98.06%. During the experiment, the spraying efficiency of the device can reach
100 trees/hour, which is significantly higher than the efficiency of manual operation.

Conclusion:

The device improves the efficiency and quality of tree spraying, reduces the labor
intensity of operation, and realizes the high-efficiency spraying for tree coating.
Differences of Enamel Microhardness Post External Bleaching After Application with Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Phosphate (CPP-ACP) and 5% Sodium Fluoride (NAF)
Authors: Irmaleny Irmaleny , Prisinda Diani , Susilo Marietta
Published: February 2023

Background

Bleaching is an effort to lighten the color of teeth through application of chemicals. One of the side effects of bleaching is that it cause demineralization so that the hardness of the enamel will decrease. The hardness of the enamel can be returned back through mineral laying process, namely remineralization.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in post-bleaching enamel hardness after Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Phosphate (CPP-ACP) or 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application.

Method:

In this in-vitro research bleaching was applied to 30 lower premolars that were divided into three groups, the first group without remineralization, the second group remineralization with CPP-ACP, and the third group remineralization with NAF. Enamel microhardness was measured using Vickers Hardness Tester Machine before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, after application of remineralization pastes, and after 7 days. The teeth were bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide and underwent remineralization for 7 days.

Results:

The results showed differences in enamel microhardness after using CPP-ACP or 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) application and the highest post-bleaching enamel hardness was after 5% NaF application. The data were analyzed and tested using ANOVA to measure the differences in hardness between more than 2 groups, and using the post hoc student t-test to measure the differences in violence between the 2 groups. Natural remineralization can occur with saliva but not optimally; therefore, additional remineralizing agents are needed.

Conclusion:

The conclusion of this study was that 5% NaF used as remineralization agent after in-vitro bleaching could increase enamel microhardness more than CPP-ACP, after 7 days of application.
A Review of Digital Watermarking Approaches for Forensic Applications
Authors: Sinhal Rishi , Ansari Irshad Ahmad , Verma Om Prakash
Published: February 2023

There has been remarkable growth in the digital domain. This has led to the production
of a huge amount of digital data in the form of text messages, documents, audio/speech signals,
digital images, videos, etc. In forensics, digital information (i.e., images of crime scenes, etc.) is
very important to examine cases and collect the proof regarding the incident. This further leads to
judge the victims and culprits by the court for appropriate actions. So, even a slight change (intentional/
unintentional) may lead to the wrong judgement. Several digital signal processing tools are
easily available to process this type of digital data, which means data may get disrupted, altered, or
deform in such a way that the authenticity gets compromised. In such cases, it can be difficult to
recognize the source information as well as to check the originality/intactness of the digital data. In
the recent past, several techniques have come into existence to protect digital data against security
issues. Steganography, cryptography, and watermarking are examples of security techniques,
which have been widely used for data security and forensic applications for a long time. Specifically,
digital watermarking techniques provide many useful features to help users regarding data
security and authentication without affecting other data characteristics. This work is an attempt to
provide a review of recent digital image watermarking approaches for forensic applications.
İLKÖĞRETİM TÜRKÇE DERS KİTAPLARINDAKİ DİNLEME/İZLEME METİNLERİNİN SÖZ VARLIĞI BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Sayın Hüseyin , Doğan Yusuf
Published: February 2023

Söz varlığı araştırmaları, bir dilin belirli dönemlerine veya yazılı metinlerine ait durum analizlerinin yapılmasına imkân sağlayabilmektedir. Bir durum analizi ile alana katkı sunmayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada, Türkçe derslerinde ilköğretim öğrencilerinin dinleme/izleme metinleri yoluyla ne kadar söz varlığı unsuruyla karşılaştığını sınıf düzeylerine göre karşılaştırmalı olarak tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemiyle iç içe geçmiş çoklu durum deseninde yürütülmüş olan bu araştırmada 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında ilkokul birinci sınıftan sekizinci sınıfa kadar işlenen bütün dinleme/izleme metinlerine ait veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla çözümlenmiş ve içerik analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilköğretim öğrencilerinin, Türkçe dersinde işlenen dinleme/izleme metinleri yoluyla 5.623’ü birbirinden farklı olmak üzere toplam 30.778 söz varlığı ögesi ile karşılaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Bu söz varlığı unsurlarından 745’i deyim, 229’u ikileme, 4’ü atasözü, 1333’ü ayrı yazılan birleşik kelime, 182’si kalıp söz, 1404’ü özel isim ve 479’u sayısal ifade olarak tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen 76 dinleme/izleme metninin büyük çoğunluğunda (73 metin) atasözlerinin hiç yer almaması dikkat çekici bir bulgu olarak kaydedilmiştir. İncelenen veriler bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde dinleme/izleme metinlerinin söz varlığı ve sözcük çeşitliliği oranlarında alt sınıflardan üst sınıflara doğru orantısal veya kademeli bir artışın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Gyeonghak of Hoebong Ha Gyeom-jin: Focusing on Analysis of Refutation for Each Category on Noneojuseo of Kang Yu-wi
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Ham Young-dae
Published: February 2023

Hoebong Ha Gyeom-jin (1870~1946), the author of 『Dongyuhakan』 that outlined the traditional academics in a type of study scheme, a descriptive method of traditional academic history of Asia studied under the tutelage of Myeonwoo Gwak Jong-seok (1846~1919) to succeed the academic line of Janju Academic Faction.
This article is a review of the Gyeonghak (Chinese Classics) perspective with the focus around the analysis of ｢Kang Yu-wi Noneojuseojobyeon｣ that was written in 1934 when he was 65 years of age. 『Noneoju (Annotation of the Analects of Confucius)』 of Kang Yu-wi, the subject of criticism, was an attempt of new annotation on ‘Saseo (Four Books of Chinese Classics)’ of Confucianism under the tradition of Geummun Gyeonghak in early 20th century. In this aspect, this refutation for each category on 『Noneoju』 of Kang Yu-wi could be understood as to demonstrate the academic position and level of Joseon’s renowned Confucianism scholar of 65 years old who has already solidify his academic position of his time. On the other hand, In 1934, a Confucius scholar of Joseon who was passing by the core of Japanese colonial period had the criticism on the writings of China’s Geummun Gyeonghak scholars that seemed as an attempt to correspond to its time in a way of taking a profound look at how to view to advance the insight on its time of 20th century as well as studies on Confucianism.
Looking into the criticism of Ha Gyeom-jin, he refuted the assertion of ｢Noneojuseo｣ of Kang Yu-wi with the courteous theory of Confucianism principles for each category. He criticized the texts based on Kang Yu-wi and defended the scholarship of Jeungja, and sharply criticized the principle of Daedong that was advocated by Kang Yu-wi. The theory that was most aggressively facilitated in such a criticism was the Confucian orthodoxy. It was also penetrating in another writing, 『Dongyuhakan』. Under the desperate situation of the Japanese colonial era, straightening up the collapsing tradition was approached as the inevitable premises and the restoration of Dotong was to restore the collapsing Confucianism principle as the true and genuine system once again.
However, this type of route for such perspective is to overcome the chaotic status of the time and ultimately progress into the Daedong community by overlooking the implication of time passing for academic contemplation of Kang Yu-wi. Ha Gyeom-jin purely and firmly kept the position of traditional Confucianism scholarship and he had the response on the changing image of the time, but it is called for more criticizing perspective on the outcome and its implication.
Fear of War and War Manifestos with Propaganda and Agitation Strategies during the Japanese Invasion of Korea
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Park Jeong-min
Published: February 2023

War, one of the extreme situations in human history, brings ultimate fear to human. And in war manifestos(檄文) which are to be written for the purpose of declaration, oppression, and conciliation during wartime, this “fear” functions as an important factor for logic design. In this regard, this study aims to explore how this inevitable feeling during a war situation is treated in the literary field, particularly focusing on the war manifestos written during the Japanese Invasion of Korea.
In Chapter 2, the study examined that the Japanese invasion of Korea aroused certain emotions - a vague ‘anxiety’ about war and a ‘fear’ towards a definite object. In Chapter 3, the study confirmed that propaganda informing general people of war situation and information about the enemy actually performed a function to develop readers' vague anxiety into definite fear and anger, by looking through propaganda(宣傳) strategies shown in the war manifestos written during the Japanese Invasion of Korea. In Chapter 4, it also confirmed that the contents of war manifestos written to soothe public anxiety and promote their participation in war and cooperation carried out a function to overpower(威壓) and blow away(揮發) readers' fear, by examining instigation(煽動) strategies shown in the war manifestos written during the Japanese Invasion of Korea.
War manifestos written during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in order to prevent the collapse of the Joseon Dynasty is the product of human will(意志) not to be overwhelmed by uncontrollable anxiety and fear. And the propaganda and instigation(煽動) strategies in the war manifestos during the Japanese Invasion of Korea that raised others' will based on that will comes right from the logic of fear that triggers readers' dynamic emotional change.
This study considered the war manifestos as ‘a writer's deliberate product to arouse target readers’ passion and behavioral changes' and examined the logic of war manifestos, particularly in association with ‘fear’. I hope that this study will be contributed to the development of more diversified war manifesto studies in future.
Perceptions of Using Instant Messaging Apps for Alcohol Reduction Intervention Among University Student Drinkers: Semistructured Interview Study With Chinese University Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Chau Siu Long , Wong Yiu Cheong , Zeng Ying Pei , Lee Jung Jae , Wang Man Ping
Published: February 2023

Background

Mobile instant messaging (IM) apps (eg, WhatsApp and WeChat) have been widely used by the general population and are more interactive than text-based programs (SMS text messaging) to modify unhealthy lifestyles. Little is known about IM app use for health promotion, including alcohol reduction for university students.

Objective

This study aims to explore university student drinkers' perceptions of using IM apps for alcohol reduction as they had high alcohol exposure (eg, drinking invitations from peers and alcohol promotion on campus) and the proportion of IM app use in Hong Kong.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted with 20 Hong Kong Chinese university students (current drinkers) with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification test scores of ≥8 recruited using purposive sampling. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted from September to October 2019. Interview questions focused on drinking behaviors, quitting history, opinions toward IM app use as an intervention tool, perceived usefulness of IM apps for alcohol reduction, and opinions on the content and design of IM apps for alcohol reduction. Each interview lasted approximately 1 hour. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers independently analyzed the transcripts using thematic analysis with an additional investigator to verify the consistency of the coding.

Results

Participants considered IM apps a feasible and acceptable platform for alcohol reduction intervention. They preferred to receive IMs based on personalized problem-solving and drinking consequences with credible sources. Other perceived important components of instant messages included providing psychosocial support in time and setting goals with participants to reduce drinking. They further provided suggestions on the designs of IM interventions, in which they preferred simple and concise messages, chat styles based on participants' preferences (eg, adding personalized emojis and stickers in the chat), and peers as counselors.

Conclusions

Qualitative interviews with Chinese university student drinkers showed high acceptability, engagement, and perceived utility of IM apps for alcohol reduction intervention. IM intervention can be an alternative for alcohol reduction intervention apart from traditional text-based programs. The study has implications for developing the IM intervention for other unhealthy behaviors and highlights important topics that warrant future research, including substance use and physical inactivity.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04025151; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04025151?term=NCT04025151
Patient and Provider Perspectives on Symptom Monitoring During Outpatient Chemotherapy: Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Leeann , Bartel Christianna , Cai Xinlu , Cheng Yanghuidi , McClaine Sean , Kairis Elizabeth , Huang Weiyu , Low Carissa A , Huang Weiyu , Low Carissa A
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Fluctuating symptoms and side effects are common during outpatient cancer treatment, and approaches to monitoring symptoms vary widely across providers, patients, and clinical settings. To design a remote symptom monitoring system that patients and providers find to be useful, it may be helpful to understand current clinical approaches to monitoring and managing chemotherapy-related symptoms among patients and providers and assess how more frequent and systematic assessment and sharing of data could improve patient and provider experiences.

OBJECTIVE

The goals of this study were to learn about patient and provider perspectives on monitoring symptoms during chemotherapy, understand barriers and challenges to effective symptom monitoring at one institution, and explore the potential value of remote symptom monitoring between provider visits.

METHODS

A total of 15 patients who were currently undergoing or had recently completed chemotherapy and 7 oncology providers participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and coded using an iterative thematic analysis approach. The study was conducted at a National Cancer Institute–Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.

RESULTS

Four main themes were discussed by patients and providers: (1) asynchronous nature of current methods for tracking and managing symptoms, (2) variability in reported symptoms due to patient factors, (3) limitations of existing communication channels, and (4) potential value of real-time remote symptom monitoring during chemotherapy. Current asynchronous methods and existing communication channels resulted in a disconnect between when symptoms are most severe and when conversations about symptoms happen, a situation further complicated by memory impairments during chemotherapy. Patients and providers both highlighted improvements in patient-provider communication as a potential benefit of remote real-time symptom monitoring. Providers also emphasized the value of temporal data regarding when symptoms first emerge and how they progress over time, as well as the potential value of concurrent activity or other data about daily activities and functioning. Patients noted that symptom monitoring could result in better preparation for subsequent treatment cycles.

CONCLUSIONS

Both patients and providers highlighted significant challenges of asynchronous, patient-initiated, phone-dependent symptom monitoring and management. Oncology patients and providers reported that more routine remote monitoring of symptoms between visits could improve patient-provider communication, prepare patients for subsequent chemotherapy cycles, and facilitate provider insight and clinical decision-making with regard to symptom management.