bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La creación del impuesto a las grandes fortunas y reducción del déficit fiscal en Bolivia
Authors:   Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca/Sucre/Bolivia, Torrez Mogro Víctor Hugo
Published: August 2023

El presente documento contribuye a la generación de propuestas, a partir de un análisis económico de la situación previa al Coronavirus Covid-19, así como de los efectos adicionales de la crisis del coronavirus en la economía boliviana. En este contexto el análisis está centrado en la creación de un Impuesto a la Grandes Fortunas-Riquezas, basado en experiencias tributarias sudamericanas, el objetivo del trabajo es identificar el grado de incidencia económica de la creación del Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas-Riquezas en el déficit fiscal de Bolivia, a partir del estudio de caso práctico desarrollado en el departamento de Chuquisaca. La investigación es de tipo experimental, transeccional y descriptivo. La muestra está compuesta por un segmento de 277 personas mayores de 18 años de edad, quienes aportaron información a través de una encuesta validada.Resultado de la investigación se identifica el Impuesto a las Grandes Fortunas y/o Impuesto al Patrimonio, en las regiones de Argentina, Colombia y Uruguay; la estimación determina que bajo la aplicación del modelo impositivo colombiano, el cual goza de una relativa aceptación por parte de las personas mayores de 18 años de edad, contribuiría con el 1.5% de la recaudación tributaria anual al Estado boliviano.
Educación financiera como elemento de satisfacción y supervivencia de las mypes en el municipio de Tonalá, Jalisco, México.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara/Jalisco/México, Gutiérrez Montero Patricia
Published: August 2023

Dada la importancia económica y de crecimiento que tienen las micro y pequeñas empresas (mypes) en México y en las economías en desarrollo, este trabajo tiene como objetivo evidenciar que el nivel de conocimiento o instrucción de los directores de las mypes en temas financieros, de dirección y de capacitación, tienen influencia positiva en la satisfacción y supervivencia de las mypes en el municipio de Tonalá, Jalisco, sobre todo en periodos de crisis o de pandemia, como la sucedida por COVID-19. Mediante la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio se analizaron los resultados de las encuestas a directores de mypes del municipio de Tonalá, Jalisco, en el cual resalta que el conocimiento en finanzas es uno de los principales factores que influyen en su satisfacción y supervivencia.
Reflexión del impacto de las áreas verdes en Lázaro Cárdenas Michoacán, México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Barrios Vargas Ofelia , Rebolledo García María Lourdes , Rubio Cuevas Adán
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener un diagnóstico de huertos urbanos en el municipio de Lázaro de Cárdenas de Ocampo, Michoacán en México, conocer los motivos y beneficios que las personas obtienen al contar con un huerto en casa En el diagnóstico se identificaron huertos privados y comunitarios, hubo un incremento del 20% de huertos en el 2020 con respecto al año anterior Se realizó una investigación aplicada de corte transversal para identificar el número de huertos, así mismo se llevaron a cabo las entrevistas, con los dueños o encargados en sitio; se hicieron grabaciones y toma de fotografías, posteriormente se integró la información para llegar a los resultados y dar respuesta a las preguntas planteadas Se observó que la capacidad de reacción de la población, con respecto al confinamiento debido a crisis como la pandemia por COVID 19, una resiliencia prometedora en la población al manifestar que les ha servido como terapia ocupacional e integración familiar.
Urban Green Innovation Areas in German and Mexican Cities: 7 Pozos: Destilado de Agave (Ixtero Amarillo Rhodacantha Trel)
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Vargas Hernádez José G. , Velazco Arias Alejandra
Published: August 2023

Según un estudio publicado en diciembre del 2009 por el Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de Yucatán y el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), el conocimiento y el uso de la destilación existían en tierras mexicanas aproximadamente desde el año 400 a C.
La transparencia fiscal y su relación con la percepción de corrupción en las entidades federativas
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Mora Pérez César Omar
Published: August 2023

Este documento realiza un análisis general de la transparencia y la corrupción, particularmente, se enfoca en los aspectos adversos que genera la corrupción en la sociedad, así como en las ventajas de la transparencia, como mecanismo que disminuye la corrupción. El principal argumento es la transparencia focalizada, la cual podrá disminuir los niveles de corrupción y fomentar el crecimiento económico. Los estudios empíricos realizados a nivel internacional revelan que los países que son más transparentes tienden a experimentar menores niveles de corrupción, tasas de crecimiento más rápidas, mayores niveles de PIB per cápita y menores déficits presupuestarios. Aunque a nivel internacional existe evidencia de estos resultados, resulta importante el impacto que la transparencia puede tener a nivel local en nuestro país.
El Mapa de Ruta Tecnológico como herramienta de planeación empresarial
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramírez Cuevas Cristina Lizeth , Cordero Beltrán Israel
Published: August 2023

Las tendencias de mercado y las nuevas necesidades de los consumidores han hecho que las empresas muestren un mayor interés en aspectos relacionados con la innovación, a fin de mejorar los productos y servicios que se ofrecen, pero también optimizar los procesos que se aplican en las operaciones. Sin embargo, la innovación no es una tarea sencilla cuando no se tiene una herramienta que permita determinar los pasos a seguir durante el proceso de la misma. Por lo anterior, es que en el presente trabajo se alude al uso del Mapa de Ruta Tecnológico como herramienta para planear futuras innovaciones en las empresas. Se realizó una breve conceptualización de la innovación y se describe el funcionamiento y características del Mapa de Ruta Tecnológico.
La Administración de la transferencia de tecnología en la Universidad de Guadalajara
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Arriaga Cárdenas Omar Guillermo , Espinoza Durán Noé
Published: August 2023

Este artículo pretende mostrar el avance del concepto de la transferencia de la tecnología y su aplicación en la Universidad de Guadalajara, a través de la generación de una interfaz como oficina de transferencia de tecnología misma que resulte efectiva para los proyectos de generación de conocimiento, como resultado de la misión actual de la Universidad de Guadalajara es: “Promover la investigación científica y tecnológica, así como la vinculación y extensión para incidir en el desarrollo sustentable e incluyente de la sociedad”, tal cual lo manifiesta en su Plan de desarrollo institucional 2014-2030. Actualmente nos encontramos en un mercado donde las Universidades requieren ser más competitivas y adquieran fortaleza y renombre como institución, así como, la necesidad de que algunas universidades visualicen el potencial de la transferencia de tecnología entre los sectores de Innovación, investigación y desarrollo, ya que se ha demostrado con estudios, aplicación y bibliografía del rotundo éxito que sustenta a la transferencia de tecnología en una universidad.
Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes Management: Focus on HbA1c Levels, Weight Loss and Genetic Variation
Authors: Kaur Prabhsimran , Kotru Sushil , Tuteja Leena , Ludhiadch Abhilash , Munshi Anjana
Published: August 2023

Sodium Glucose Co-transporters-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the recent addition to treatment strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). It is a non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic therapeutic approach that eliminates plasma glucose by urination. The study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on HbA1c levels and weight loss in responders and non-responders. In addition, the role of two significant variants, SLC5A2 (rs9934336) and UGT1A9 (rs72551330), affecting the inter-individual variation in response to SGLT2 inhibitors was evaluated in the study population. 200 confirmed T2DM patients on SGLT2 inhibitors were enrolled for the study. Patients with decreased HbA1c levels and body weight were categorized as responders, whereas the ones who did not show a significant decrease in these two parameters after treatment were categorised as non-responders. Association of HbA1c levels and weight loss before as well as after treatment with responders and non-responders was evaluated. Patients were screened for two significant variants, SLC5A2 (rs9934336) and UGT1A9 (rs72551330), affecting the inter-individual variation in response to SGLT2 inhibitors by Sanger Sequencing. A significant difference in HbA1c levels and weight was found in responders and non-responders before and after the treatment. However, both of the variants, SLC5A2 (rs9934336) and UGT1A9 (rs72551330), were not found to be significantly associated with the drug response. In conclusion, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced HbA1c levels and weight effectively in responders. However, the targeted gene variants need not to be involved in genetic testing before prescribing this class of drugs to T2DM patients from Malwa region of Punjab. Highlights:

Treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with Sodium Glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is an insulin-independent method of reducing blood glucose levels by lowering renal tubular glucose reabsorption.
Significant decrease in HbA1c levels and weight loss in responders was observed after the treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors.
Pharmacogenetic analysis was carried out for two gene variants, SLC5A2 (rs9934336) and UGT1A9 (rs72551330), reported to be involved in inter-individual response to SGLT2 inhibitors.
None of the tested variants were found to be significantly associated with inter-individual response to SGLT2 inhibitors.
Pharmacogenetic testing for the two most commonly reported variants is not required for the T2DM patients on SGLT2 inhibitors from the Malwa region of Punjab.
Novel Diabetic Nephropathy-Based Hypertension Treatment for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and CKD Patients: A Mini Review
Authors: Pradana F. Josse Pasca , Tuba Syahrul
Published: August 2023

Diabetes mellitus is known to result in persistent renal impairment among individuals with the condition and is presently the primary aetiology of terminal-stage renal disease, with more than fifty percent of dialysis patients being affected. The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, resulting in a decline in individuals' health status and imposing significant financial burdens on healthcare systems. Accurately distinguishing between the various types of diabetes is crucial in order to provide appropriate treatment that mitigates the severity of associated complications and their significant consequences. The co-occurrence of diabetes and renal disease has been found to be linked with a significant fourfold rise in both the frequency and fatality of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing blood pressure have been a crucial component in the management of diabetic nephropathy for several decades. The past decade has witnessed a decline in the occurrence of end-stage renal disease, owing to enhanced care measures such as the administration of hypertension medication. It is assumed in clinical practice recommendations that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor antagonists hold an equivalent status. The efficacy of low doses of ACEI and ARB in reducing proteinuria was found to be superior to that of high doses. The co-administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) has been observed to elicit a more pronounced reduction in 24-hour proteinuria and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) in comparison to the singular administration of either ACEI or ARB.
Ecological Footprint Calculation as a Land Demand: Based on the Dynamic Leontief Model
Authors: Dobos Imre , Tóth-Bozó Brigitta
Published: August 2023

In recent years, researchers have sought to specify precisely what is meant by the ecological footprint, and there are some methods for calculating it. This paper features a new calculation method for determining the ecological footprint (EFP). The basis of our model is the dynamic Leontief model. If our method is applied, one can determine that a dynamic ecological footprint is a sequence of footprints for periods. We also calculate the ecological footprint for both closed and open economies. Our model contains elements taken from the Leontief model: capital accumulation, and integration of exports and imports into the model through input-output panels. All periods are treated as interdependent, rather than as a series of stand-alone data. Most notably, the model separates capital accumulation from the final use of capital, i.e., investment and final consumption. We illustrate the results with numerical examples.
Special components of society digital transformation to influence technological and behavioral models of modern libraries (Annual report at the Seventh World Professional Forum “SOCHI–2023”)
Authors: Shrayberg Ya. L.
Published: August 2023

In his annual report to the Seventh World Professional Forum “SOCHI–2023”, the author analyzes the status and trends of main technological aspects of modern library services and functions. He characterizes the digital transformation components that dynamically influence technological and behavioral models of modern libraries, e. g. artificial intellect (AI), neural networks, copyright laws, information market transformation, and foreign software import substitution. He gives his opinion on the role of the above-mentioned components in the library information practice. The emphasis is made on the ethics of AI application, neural networks, and changes in the copyright legislation. The author details into the issues of import substitution in the library and information industries, in particular, its principles and methods, and alternative domestic digital solutions. He offers his recommendations to the libraries on the work in new realities. The top-9 library technologies and top-5 technological novelties are specified.
Особливості мовленнєвого розвитку дітей зі зниженим слухом
Authors: Kolomiichenko Oleh , Zhdanova Kateryna
Published: August 2023

У статті розглянуто питання особливостей мовленнєвого розвитку дітей зі зниженим слухом. За-значено актуальність вивчення окресленої проблеми. Представлено теоретичний аналіз сучасноїнауково-методичної літератури з даного напряму та констатовано недостатню розробленість про-блеми на сучасному етапі розвитку освіти дітей з особливими потребами, подано перелік чинників,що впливають на розвиток мовлення дітей зазначеної нозологічної групи та перелічено особливос-ті мовлення дітей зі зниженим слухом.У висновках статті наголошено на важливості вдосконалення процесу розвитку мовлення дітейзі зниженим слухом шляхом проведення регулярних корекційних занять з опорою на збереженийслух, дотримання природних умов спілкування, організація постійного спілкування з одноліткамита дорослими зі збереженим слухом.
Психологічні аспекти годування незрячих дітей від народження до трьох років
Authors: Dovhopola Kateryna
Published: August 2023

У статті розглянуто психологічні аспекти годування як одного із найважливіших аспектів у доглядіза дитиною і емоційно насичений процес спілкування між матір’ю та дитиною. Висвітлено можли-вості оптимізації комплексної взаємодії матері та дитини з порушеннями зору та покращення якостіпроцесу годування в процесі раннього втручання. Встановлено, що процес харчування незрячихдітей містить як спільні з нормотиповими дітьми моменти, такі специфічні.
Women’s Narratives of Domestic Violence and Help Seeking Behaviour in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh: A Feminist Sociological Exploration
Authors: Sultana Umme Busra Fateha
Published: August 2023

In Bangladesh, various forms of violence are much higher in the remote areas of the southern coastal districts than in any other part of the country. Though there are a number of legal support-related organisations available in the country, they have limited presence in the coastal areas. Hence, based on ten in-depth interviews, this paper focuses on women’s personal reflections on their experience of domestic violence and their attitude towards seeking help to protest against violence. The research findings reveal that although domestic violence takes place inside the family, however, is strengthened by the broader patriarchal structure and legitimised through the practice of negative socio-cultural discourses, religious beliefs, norms, and gender bias legal systems. The findings further establish that patriarchal mentality, traditional norms and discourses, women’s insecurity, lack of education and economic dependency of women create hindrance from receiving legal assistance, which in turn create further scope for domestic violence.
Social Science Review, Vol. 39(3), Dec 2022 Page 37-54
What Could Reduce the Cost of Sugar? The Case of State-owned Sugar Mills in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Moshahida , Ashekan Sheikh Rahatil
Published: August 2023

Since the early 2000’s trade liberalization, the state-owned sugar mills in Bangladesh have started to lose competitiveness. Before that this industry used to be considered a strategic sector because sugar is an essential food and the industry creates thousands of rural employments. In 2020, the government suspended operation of six out of fifteen mills with the excuse of loss. The closure of six mills has reduced the sugar production and negatively impacted the lives of farmers, workers, and businessmen. The government is considering foreign investment without considering the potential of government investment to revive the industry. Therefore, it is important to re-examine the factors that increased the cost and find out how the state could revive the industry under its ownership. This paper analysed the data of 15 state-owned sugar mills for 14 years (2006-07 to 2019-2020) using mixed method (fixed effect regression and interview) to explain the mechanisms of the cost increase. It found that the recovery rate, price of sugarcane, availability of sugarcane, age of mills, and interest payment are the most important determinants of cost. Modernizing the mills, making sugarcane available through sugarcane price incentives, timely payment to farmers, and diversifying products could contribute to cost reduction.
Social Science Review, Vol. 39(3), Dec 2022 Page 133-151
MATERNAL AND FETAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MISOPROSTOL USE IN MUBENDE REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, UGANDA
Authors: OMONA Kizito , KOMAKETCH Denis
Published: August 2023

There are numerous obstetric uses for misoprostol. It mimics the normal labour process by causing the uterus to contract strongly and by softening and dilating the cervix. This action makes it a uterotonic. The maternal uses include cervical ripening, initiating labour, treating incomplete abortions, preventing and treating postpartum haemorrhage, and causing abortions. This study sought to identify maternal and foetal risk factors related to misoprostol use among mothers who gave birth at the regional referral hospital in Mubende.

A mixed method analytical cross-sectional design was used with mothers, their infants, and healthcare professionals. 385 respondents made up the sample. Interviews, observation, and the review of documents were used to gather the data.

12.4% of mothers had ever used misoprostol. In comparison to mothers who lived in rural areas, urban mothers were two times more likely to have a positive history of misoprostol usage (COR=1.843, 95% CI (0.903-3.763)). Mothers with a parity of 2–4 had a 0.5x lower likelihood of using misoprostol [COR=0.514, 95% CI (0.166–1.595)]. Better APGAR scores of 4-7 (4 times) and 8-10 (2 times) in newborns were associated with a higher likelihood of a positive history of misoprostol use.

In conclusion, misoprostol use poses dangers to both the mother and the foetus, necessitating careful observance.
A MICROCONTROLLER-DRIVEN ENTRANCE GATE TO COMBAT RESPIRATORY VIRUS SPREAD
Authors: Erlina Tati , Alhanif Muhammad Wafa , Yolanda Desta
Published: August 2023

Respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, continue to be a significant public health concern worldwide. In this regard, public health organizations provide preventative measures, such as wearing masks, and practicing good hand hygiene, to help control the spread of respiratory illnesses. However, existing preventive measures may not be fully effective in ensuring compliance, especially in dispersed economic conditions, leading to continued risks of respiratory virus spread in public spaces. To address this challenge, this study proposes a microcontroller-driven system designed to monitor and regulate entry into public spaces, aiming to reduce the transmission of respiratory illnesses. The system employs a camera, a temperature sensor and an ultrasonic sensor to detect face mask usage, measure body temperature, and track the distance of hands from the sensor for automatic handwashing. Using deep learning method to measure accuracy rates of 0.90, 0.89, 0.89, and 0.89 for detecting face masks, precision, recall, and F1 score, respectively, and an accuracy of 99.18% in measuring body temperature. The system has the potential to enhance public safety significantly. The automatic door opening feature, triggered only when a person is wearing a mask, has an average body temperature, and has washed their hands automatically, adds to the system's efficacy. The system's ability to detect and respond to non-compliance with safety measures can help promote adherence to public health guidelines and reduce the risk of infection. This study's findings demonstrate the developed system's high potential to contribute to public safety in the era of respiratory viruses.
Broad-spectrum humanized monoclonal neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant
Authors: Wen Kun , Cai Jian-Piao , Fan Xiaodi , Zhang Xiaojuan , Luo Cuiting , Tang Kai-Ming , Shuai Huiping , Chen Lin-Lei , Zhang Ricky Ruiqi , Situ Jianwen , Tsoi Hoi-Wah , Wang Kun , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Yuan Shuofeng , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Zhou Hongwei , To Kelvin Kai-Wang
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been shown to improve the outcome of severe COVID-19 patients in clinical trials. However, novel variants with spike protein mutations can render many currently available mAbs ineffective.

Methods

We produced mAbs by using hybridoma cells that generated from mice immunized with spike protein trimer and receptor binding domain (RBD). The panel of mAbs were screened for binding and neutralizing activity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The in vivo effectiveness of WKS13 was evaluated in a hamster model.

Results

Out of 960 clones, we identified 18 mAbs that could bind spike protein. Ten of the mAbs could attach to RBD, among which five had neutralizing activity against the ancestral strain and could block the binding between the spike protein and human ACE2. One of these mAbs, WKS13, had broad neutralizing activity against all Variants of Concern (VOCs), including the Omicron variant. Both murine or humanized versions of WKS13 could reduce the lung viral load in hamsters infected with the Delta variant.

Conclusions

Our data showed that broad-spectrum high potency mAbs can be produced from immunized mice, which can be used in humans after humanization of the Fc region. Our method represents a versatile and rapid strategy for generating therapeutic mAbs for upcoming novel variants.
Acceptance of pay-as-you-throw solid waste charging methods among urban residents in China
Authors: Yao Wanjun , Zhou Xinyu
Published: August 2023

Aim: Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) is a recognized waste-charging method commonly used in developed countries to reduce waste effectively and improve resource utilization efficiency. China is currently transitioning from a traditional fixed-fee model to a PAYT model.

Method: In this study, a sample of 1,346 urban residents in China is analyzed empirically to investigate their willingness to accept this change and the waste fees they are willing to pay for it.

Results: The results indicate that, 1) at present, the proportion of urban residents willing to accept the PAYT charging model is low, accounting for only 54.53%. 2) The average annual cost for residents’ households willing to pay for PAYT is 58.616 RMB, which is relatively low. 3) The main reasons for the residents’ low acceptance of PAYT are behavioral attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control factors. 4) Income and education levels mainly explain the low level of expenses paid by residents.

Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that, in the short term, publicity and education should be used to encourage residents to establish a correct environmental concept and a sense of environmental governance ownership, increase their knowledge of waste recycling and disposal and their awareness of waste charging rules, and thus improve their willingness to accept the PAYT charging model. In the long term, the PAYT charging model should be compatible with the levels of economic development and family education, and residents’ waste charges for PAYT should increase steadily.
Function of reactive oxygen species in myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Huang Jiaojiao , Zhao Yue , Zhao Kexin , Yin Kai , Wang Shengjun
Published: August 2023

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous myeloid cell population and serve as a vital contributor to the tumor microenvironment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and are involved in regulating normal biological activities and disease progression. MDSCs can produce ROS to fulfill their immunosuppressive activity and eliminate excessive ROS to survive comfily through the redox system. This review focuses on how MDSCs survive and function in high levels of ROS and summarizes immunotherapy targeting ROS in MDSCs. The distinctive role of ROS in MDSCs will inspire us to widely apply the blocked oxidative stress strategy in targeting MDSC therapy to future clinical therapeutics.
Transport and accumulation of floating marine litter in the Black Sea: insights from numerical modeling
Authors: Castro-Rosero Leidy M. , Hernandez Ivan , Alsina José M. , Espino Manuel
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Floating marine litter (FML) is a global problem with significant risks to marine life and human health. In semi-enclosed basins like the Black Sea, slow water replenishment and strong input from European rivers create conditions that can lead to the accumulation of FML. This study aims to validate and utilize an FML dispersion and accumulation numerical model. Additionally, it assesses the influence of Stokes drift on the accumulation patterns of marine litter in the Black Sea, focusing on the contribution from the main river discharge points.

Methods

Numerical Lagrangian modeling adapted to the regional domain in the Black Sea was employed to simulate the dispersion and accumulation of FML. Three scenarios were conducted: two involved homogeneous particle release, one considering Stokes drift, and the other excluding it. The third scenario involved particle release from the nine main river basins.

Results

The southwest coast of the Black Sea exhibited a high density of FML in all scenarios. This finding is likely attributed to the cyclonic circulation, significant FML input from the Danube River, and other northern rivers. Notably, the consideration of Stokes drift significantly impacted the residence time of particles in offshore waters and the percentage of particles washing up on the shore. Including Stokes drift increased the percentage of beached particles from 45.5% to 75.5% and reduced the average residence time from 99 to 63 days. These results align with recent literature, which emphasizes the importance of accounting for Stokes drift to avoid overestimating residence times.

Discussion

The model's findings provide valuable insights into FML accumulation patterns in the Black Sea. The eastern region near the Georgian coast and the northwestern Black Sea were identified as high-density areas, corroborated by observational data. This research underscores the significance of considering Stokes drift when modeling FML transport, particularly concerning marine litter accumulation and potential impacts on coastal regions.
Case report: Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption mimicking epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Paulmann Maren , Reinkemeier Felix , Lehnhardt Marcus , Mockenhaupt Maja
Published: August 2023

Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) is the most severe form of fixed drug eruption and can be misdiagnosed as epidermal necrolysis (EN). We report the case of a 42-year-old male patient presenting with more than 50% skin detachment without defined areas of exanthema or erythema and a history of one prior event of EN caused by acetaminophen (paracetamol), allopurinol, or amoxicillin 1.5 years ago. The initial diagnosis was GBFDE or EN. The histology of a skin biopsy was unable to distinguish between the two diseases. The course of the disease, the later clinical presentation, and the medical and medication history, however, were in favor of a diagnosis of GBFDE with two potentially culprit drugs: metamizole and ibuprofen. Moxifloxacin, enoxaparin sodium, hydromorphone, and insulin human were administered concomitantly, which makes them suspicious as well. Unfortunately, the patient received an additional dose of metamizole, one of the possible causative drugs, and he developed another bullous reaction within 1 month. This led to the diagnosis of GBFDE due to metamizole. This report highlights the challenges of distinguishing two rare diseases and elucidates the importance of distinct clinical presentation and detailed medication history.
The microbiome structure of decomposing plant leaves in soil depends on plant species, soil pore sizes, and soil moisture content
Authors: Benucci Gian Maria Niccolò , Toosi Ehsan R. , Yang Fan , Marsh Terence L. , Bonito Gregory M. , Kravchenko Alexandra
Published: August 2023

Microbial communities are known as the primary decomposers of all the carbon accumulated in the soil. However, how important soil structure and its conventional or organic management, moisture content, and how different plant species impact this process are less understood. To answer these questions, we generated a soil microcosm with decomposing corn and soy leaves, as well as soil adjacent to the leaves, and compared it to control samples. We then used high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS and 16S rDNA regions to characterize these microbiomes. Leaf microbiomes were the least diverse and the most even in terms of OTU richness and abundance compared to near soil and far soil, especially in their bacterial component. Microbial composition was significantly and primarily affected by niche (leaves vs. soil) but also by soil management type and plant species in the fungal microbiome, while moisture content and pore sizes were more important drivers for the bacterial communities. The pore size effect was significantly dependent on moisture content, but only in the organic management type. Overall, our results refine our understanding of the decomposition of carbon residues in the soil and the factors that influence it, which are key for environmental sustainability and for evaluating changes in ecosystem functions.
Minor hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease with probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Jiang Yinyin , Zhu Jun , Zhao Yang , Li Dongfeng , Chen Yaning , Wang Yaxi , Jiang Xu , Shen Bo , Pan Yang , Yan Jun , Han Feng , Zhang Li
Published: August 2023

Background

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and minor hallucinations (MHs) are prevalent nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to explore the association of MHs in PD patients with probable RBD (pRBD).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 291 patients diagnosed with PD. Patients who scored 6 or higher on the Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder (RBD) Screening Questionnaire were defined as pRBD. A comprehensive evaluation was performed for all patients, including the collection of demographic information, clinical assessment, and MH features.

Results

Among the 291 PD patients, 69 (23.7%) had pRBD. MHs were observed in 35 (50.7%) patients with pRBD, significantly higher than 29.7% in patients without RBD (p = 0.015). The main type of MHs in pRBD was presence hallucinations with variable content. Patients with pRBD and MHs tended to be older, had a longer disease duration, and were more likely to take levodopa or dopamine-receptor agonists. Besides, the pRBD with MHs group had higher scores on the Nonmotor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMS-Quest) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that longer disease duration and higher NMS-Quest scores were associated with MHs in PD patients with pRBD.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of MHs was observed in PD patients with pRBD. The main type of MHs in pRBD was presence hallucinations. MHs in PD with RBD are mainly associated with disease duration and severity of nonmotor symptoms. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between MHs and RBD.
Imaging the cerebellum in post-traumatic stress and anxiety disorders: a mini-review
Authors: Gil-Paterna Patricia , Furmark Tomas
Published: August 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide sharing many clinical manifestations and, most likely, neural mechanisms as suggested by neuroimaging research. While the so-called fear circuitry and traditional limbic structures of the brain, particularly the amygdala, have been extensively studied in sufferers of these disorders, the cerebellum has been relatively underexplored. The aim of this paper was to present a mini-review of functional (task-activity or resting-state connectivity) and structural (gray matter volume) results on the cerebellum as reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with PTSD or anxiety disorders (49 selected studies in 1,494 patients). While mixed results were noted overall, e.g., regarding the direction of effects and anatomical localization, cerebellar structures like the vermis seem to be highly involved. Still, the neurofunctional and structural alterations reported for the cerebellum in excessive anxiety and trauma are complex, and in need of further evaluation.
Association between sulfur microbial diet and the risk of colorectal cancer precursors in older adults
Authors: Xiao Yi , He Hongmei , Xiang Ling , Gu Haitao , Xu Zhiquan , Luo Haoyun , Ren Xiaorui , Li Bo , Wei Qi , Zhu Zhiyong , Zhou He , Tang Yunhao , Zhou Zhihang , Peng Linglong , Wang Yaxu , Jiang Yahui
Published: August 2023

Background

Sulfur microbial diet (SMD), related to the enrichment of sulfur-metabolizing gut bacteria, has been confirmed to be linked to an elevated risk of early-onset colorectal adenoma in young females. However, it remains unclear whether SMD is associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma in older people, who are at greater risk for colorectal cancer.

Methods

All data on participants in this study were retrieved from the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening test. Participants’ adherence to this dietary pattern was assessed using SMD score. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adopted in Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess the link between SMD score and the incidence of colorectal adenoma in participants included in the study. Specific stratified analyses were constructed to assess whether this association changed in different conditions, whereas the robustness of the association was examined through sensitivity analyses.

Results

The mean baseline age of participants was 62.1 (SD 5.2) years (range 54.0–75.0 years). During 19,468,589 person-years of follow-up, 992 colorectal adenoma cases were documented in a total of 17,627 included participants. In a fully adjusted model, an increased risk of colorectal adenoma was determined in participants in the highest quartile of SMD score in comparison with those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile4 vs. HRquartile1 = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.47; p = 0.017 for trend). This positive association between SMD score and adenoma risk was more evident in participants who were current or former smokers (p = 0.029 for interaction).

Conclusion

In this study, our results support a role for the SMD in the carcinogenicity of colorectal cancer precursors among older adults. Nevertheless, these results require validation through more research.
Nordic diet and its benefits in neurological function: a systematic review of observational and intervention studies
Authors: Jafari Reyhaneh Sadat , Behrouz Vahideh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Neurological disorders have been considered the major contributors to global long-term disability and lower quality of life. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary patterns, are increasingly recognized as important determinants of neurological function. Some dietary behaviors, such as Nordic diet (ND) were likely to have protective effects on brain function. However, an understanding of the effectiveness of the ND pattern to improve neurological function and brain health is not fully understood. We review the current evidence that supports the ND pattern in various aspects of neurological function and addresses both proven and less established mechanisms of action based on its food ingredients and biochemical compounds.

Methods

In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to February 2023. Observational and intervention studies were included.

Results

Of the 627 screened studies, 5 observational studies (including three cohorts and two cross-sectional studies) and 3 intervention studies investigating the association between ND and neurological function. Observational studies investigated the association of ND with the following neurological functions: cognition, stroke, and neuropsychological function. Intervention studies investigated the effects of ND on cognition and depression.

Discussion

Despite the limited literature on ND and its association with neurological function, several aspects of ND may lead to some health benefits suggesting neuroprotective effects. The current state of knowledge attributes the possible effects of characteristic components of the ND to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, gut-brain-axis modulating, and ligand activities in cell signaling pathways. Based on existing evidence, the ND may be considered a recommended dietary approach for the improvement of neurological function and brain health.

Systematic review registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD2023451117].
Geriatric nutritional risk index was associated with in-hospital mortality among cardiac intensive care unit patients
Authors: Li Yuefeng , Wang Zhengdong , Sun Tienan , Zhang Biyang , Liang Xiangwen
Published: August 2023

Background

Identifying risk factors associated with cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients’ prognosis can help clinicians intervene earlier and thus improve their prognosis. The correlation between the geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), which reflects nutritional status, and in-hospital mortality among CICU patients has yet to be established.

Method

The present study retrospectively enrolled 4,698 CICU patients. Based on the nutritional status, the participants were categorized into four groups. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. The length of hospital stay and length of CICU stay were the secondary endpoints. To explore the correlation between nutritional status and in-hospital mortality, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. The nonlinear associations of GNRI with in-hospital mortality were evaluated using restricted cubic spline (RCS). Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of the GNRI on in-hospital mortality across different subgroups, with calculation of the p for interaction.

Result

A higher risk of malnutrition was significantly linked to an increased incidence of in-hospital mortality (High risk vs. No risk: 26.2% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.001), as well as a longer length of hospital stay (High risk vs. No risk: 15.7, 9.1–25.1 vs. 8.9, 6.9–12.9, p < 0.001) and CICU stay (High risk vs. No risk: 6.4, 3.8–11.9 vs. 3.2, 2.3–5.1, p < 0.001). An elevated GNRI was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality even after controlling for pertinent confounding factors (High risk vs. No risk: OR, 95% CI: 2.37, 1.67–3.37, p < 0.001, p for trend <0.001). Additionally, the RCS model showed a linear relationship between GNRI and in-hospital mortality, with the risk of in-hospital mortality significantly decreasing as GNRI increased (non-linear p = 0.596). Furthermore, in the subgroups of hypertension, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, shock, and chronic kidney disease, there was a significant interaction between nutritional status and in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Among CICU patients, a low GNRI was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, patients with a higher risk of malnutrition, as indicated by low GNRI values, experienced significantly longer hospital and CICU stays.
Cell cycle-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein in A549 cells exposed to cisplatin and standardized air pollutants
Authors: Niechoda Agata , Milewska Katarzyna , Roslan Joanna , Ejsmont Karolina , Holownia Adam
Published: August 2023

Exposure to particulate matter is associated with DNA damage and the risk of lung cancer. Protein p53 is activated by multi-site phosphorylation in the early stages of DNA damage and affects cell outcome. Our study aimed to assess the effect of (100 µg/mL−1/24 h) standardized air pollutants: carbon black (CB), urban dust (UD), and nanoparticle carbon black (NPCB) on cell cycle, DNA damage and 53 phosphorylation at Ser 9, Ser 20, Ser 46, and Ser 392 in proliferating and quiescent A549 cells and in cells that survived cisplatin (CisPT) exposure. Phosphorylated p53 was quantified in cell subpopulations by flow cytometry using specific fluorochrome-tagged monoclonal antibodies and analysis of bivariate fluorescence distribution scatterplots. CisPT, UD and NPCB increased site-specific p53 phosphorylation producing unique patterns. NPCB activated all sites irrespectively on the cell cycle, while the UD was more selective. p53 Ser 9-P and p53 Ser 20-P positively correlated with the numbers of CisPT-treated cells at G0/G1, and NPCB and NPCB + CisPT produced a similar effect. A positive correlation and integrated response were also found between Ser 20-P and Ser 392-P in resting A549 cells treated with NPCB and CisPT but not UD. Interdependence between the expression of p53 phosphorylated at Ser 20, and Ser 392 and cell cycle arrest show that posttranslational alterations are related to functional activation. Our data suggest that p53 protein phosphorylation in response to specific DNA damage is driven by multiple independent and integrated pathways to produce functional activation critical in cancer prevention and treatment.
Endophytic bacterial communities in wild rice (Oryza officinalis) and their plant growth-promoting effects on perennial rice
Authors: Tian Qinglin , Gong Yurui , Liu Shuang , Ji Menglin , Tang Rui , Kong Deting , Xue Zhifeng , Wang Linglin , Hu Fengyi , Huang Liyu , Qin Shiwen
Published: August 2023

Endophytic bacterial microbiomes of plants contribute to the physiological health of the host and its adaptive evolution and stress tolerance. Wild rice possesses enriched endophytic bacteria diversity, which is a potential resource for sustainable agriculture. Oryza officinalis is a unique perennial wild rice species in China with rich genetic resources. However, endophytic bacterial communities of this species and their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits remain largely unknown. In this study, endophytic bacteria in the root, stem, and leaf tissues of O. officinalis were characterized using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Culturable bacterial endophytes were also isolated from O. officinalis tissues and characterized for their PGP traits. The microbiome analysis showed a more complex structure and powerful function of the endophytic bacterial community in roots compared with those in other tissue compartments. Each compartment had its specific endophytic bacterial biomarkers, including Desulfomonile and Ruminiclostridium for roots; Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Cutibacterium and Dechloromonas for stems; and Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, Achromobacter and Methylobacterium for leaves. A total of 96 endophytic bacterial strains with PGP traits of phosphate solubilization, potassium release, nitrogen fixation, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase secretion, and siderophore or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production were isolated from O. officinalis. Among them, 11 strains identified as Enterobacter mori, E. ludwigii, E. cloacae, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. siamensis, Pseudomonas rhodesiae and Kosakonia oryzae were selected for inoculation of perennial rice based on their IAA production traits. These strains showed promising PGP effects on perennial rice seedlings. They promoted plants to form a strong root system, stimulate biomass accumulation, and increase chlorophyll content and nitrogen uptake, which could fulfil the ecologically sustainable cultivation model of perennial rice. These results provide insights into the bacterial endosphere of O. officinalis and its application potential in perennial rice. There is the prospect of mining beneficial endophytic bacteria from wild rice species, which could rewild the microbiome of cultivated rice varieties and promote their growth.
N-hydroxypipecolic acid primes plants for enhanced microbial pattern-induced responses
Authors: Löwe Marie , Jürgens Katharina , Zeier Tatyana , Hartmann Michael , Gruner Katrin , Müller Sylvia , Yildiz Ipek , Perrar Mona , Zeier Jürgen
Published: August 2023

The bacterial elicitor flagellin induces a battery of immune responses in plants. However, the rates and intensities by which metabolically-related defenses develop upon flagellin-sensing are comparatively moderate. We report here that the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducer N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) primes Arabidopsis thaliana plants for strongly enhanced metabolic and transcriptional responses to treatment by flg22, an elicitor-active peptide fragment of flagellin. While NHP powerfully activated priming of the flg22-induced accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin, biosynthesis of the stress hormone salicylic acid (SA), generation of the NHP biosynthetic precursor pipecolic acid (Pip), and accumulation of the stress-inducible lipids γ-tocopherol and stigmasterol, it more modestly primed for the flg22-triggered generation of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and expression of FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR-KINASE1. The characterization of the biochemical and immune phenotypes of a set of different Arabidopsis single and double mutants impaired in NHP and/or SA biosynthesis indicates that, during earlier phases of the basal immune response of naïve plants to Pseudomonas syringae infection, NHP and SA mutually promote their biosynthesis and additively enhance camalexin formation, while SA prevents extraordinarily high NHP levels in later interaction periods. Moreover, SA and NHP additively contribute to Arabidopsis basal immunity to bacterial and oomycete infection, as well as to the flagellin-induced acquired resistance response that is locally observed in plant tissue exposed to exogenous flg22. Our data reveal mechanistic similarities and differences between the activation modes of flagellin-triggered acquired resistance in local tissue and the SAR state that is systemically induced in plants upon pathogen attack. They also corroborate that the NHP precursor Pip has no independent immune-related activity.