bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melasolv™: a potential preventive and depigmenting agent for the senescence of melanocytes
Authors: Cho Yeonju , Choi Suh-Yeon , Choi Hyunjung , Ham Mira , Kim Kyu-Han
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Senescent melanocytes are major contributors to age-related changes in the skin, highlighting the contribution to skin aging. Moreover, prolonged photodamage, such as that caused by UV exposure, can result in melanin accumulation and accelerated melanocyte senescence, thereby exacerbating aging. Melasolv™ is a substance that induces potent depigmentation effects and exhibits low toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Melasolv™ on senescent melanocytes.

Methods: We profiled the transcriptomics of Melasolv™-treated melanocytes and identified the possible mechanism of action (MOA) and targets using connectivity mapping analysis. We identified differentially expressed genes in response to treatment with Melasolv™ and validated the data using quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, we performed an in vitro β-gal assay in senescent melanocytes for further validation.

Results: Melasolv™ reduced β-gal and melanin levels in senescent melanocytes. Moreover, the identified MOAs are associated with anti-aging and anti-senescence effects.

Discussion: Our findings clearly indicate that Melasolv™ not only exhibits anti-senescent properties but can also potentially alleviate melanin accumulation in senescent cells. These findings could have far-reaching implications in the treatment of age-related photodamaged skin conditions, such as senile lentigo and melasma.
Developing the novel diagnostic model and potential drugs by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for aldosterone-producing adenomas
Authors: Yu Deshui , Zhang Jinxuan , Li Xintao , Xiao Shuwei , Xing Jizhang , Li Jianye
Published: January 2024

Background: Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) are a common cause of primary aldosteronism (PA), a clinical syndrome characterized by hypertension and electrolyte disturbances. If untreated, it may lead to serious cardiovascular complications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for potential biomarkers and targeted drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of aldosteronism.

Methods: We downloaded two datasets (GSE156931 and GSE60042) from the GEO database and merged them by de-batch effect, then screened the top50 of differential genes using PPI and enriched them, followed by screening the Aldosterone adenoma-related genes (ARGs) in the top50 using three machine learning algorithms. We performed GSEA analysis on the ARGs separately and constructed artificial neural networks based on the ARGs. Finally, the Enrich platform was utilized to identify drugs with potential therapeutic effects on APA by tARGseting the ARGs.

Results: We identified 190 differential genes by differential analysis, and then identified the top50 genes by PPI, and the enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolic pathways. Then three machine learning algorithms identified five ARGs, namely, SST, RAB3C, PPY, CYP3A4, CDH10, and the ANN constructed on the basis of these five ARGs had better diagnostic effect on APA, in which the AUC of the training set is 1 and the AUC of the validation set is 0.755. And then the Enrich platform identified drugs tARGseting the ARGs with potential therapeutic effects on APA.

Conclusion: We identified five ARGs for APA through bioinformatic analysis and constructed Artificial neural network (ANN) based on them with better diagnostic effects, and identified drugs with potential therapeutic effects on APA by tARGseting these ARGs. Our study provides more options for the diagnosis and treatment of APA.
Topological data analysis of the firings of a network of stochastic spiking neurons
Authors: Bai Xiaotian , Yu Chaojun , Zhai Jian
Published: January 2024

Topological data analysis is becoming more and more popular in recent years. It has found various applications in many different fields, for its convenience in analyzing and understanding the structure and dynamic of complex systems. We used topological data analysis to analyze the firings of a network of stochastic spiking neurons, which can be in a sub-critical, critical, or super-critical state depending on the value of the control parameter. We calculated several topological features regarding Betti curves and then analyzed the behaviors of these features, using them as inputs for machine learning to discriminate the three states of the network.
Electrocochleography in the diagnosis of third window conditions
Authors: Kileny Paul R. , Cherry Megan M. , McCaslin Devin L.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is the best-known and most common presentation of so-called “third window conditions.” There are a variety of diagnostic measures and tests for this condition in the current literature, including air-bone gap, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, and electrocochleography (EcochG). The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of EcochG and its relationship to air-bone gap in a cohort of patients with confirmed SSCD.

Methods

We reviewed data from 20 patients (11 female and 9 male subjects, age ranging 21–78 years), with confirmed unilateral or bilateral superior canal dehiscence. In total, 11 patients had unilateral SSCD and 9 patients had bilateral SSCD as determined by high-resolution CT scan. This resulted in the inclusion of twenty-nine ears with superior canal dehiscence and 11 normal ears.

Results

Our results indicated that all confirmed SSCD ears presented with an abnormal EcochG SP/AP value and that there was a statistically significant difference between normal and dehiscent ears. There was no statistically significant relationship between air-bone gap and SP/AP ratio in the ears diagnosed with SSCD nor was there a significant difference between dehiscent and normal ears in terms of air-bone gap at three frequencies.

Discussion

These results are consistent with previous studies showing the diagnostic utility of EcochG for this condition and the variability of air-bone gap. While an unexpected air-bone gap continues to be a red flag for SSCD, its absence along with the presence of subjective symptoms is a reasonable indicator for further clinical investigation to include EcochG.
Differential cortical activation patterns: pioneering sub-classification of tinnitus with and without hyperacusis by combining audiometry, gamma oscillations, and hemodynamics
Authors: Wertz Jakob , Rüttiger Lukas , Bender Benjamin , Klose Uwe , Stark Robert S. , Dapper Konrad , Saemisch Jörg , Braun Christoph , Singer Wibke , Dalhoff Ernst , Bader Katharina , Wolpert Stephan M. , Knipper Marlies , Munk Matthias H. J.
Published: January 2024

The ongoing controversies about the neural basis of tinnitus, whether linked with central neural gain or not, may hamper efforts to develop therapies. We asked to what extent measurable audiometric characteristics of tinnitus without (T) or with co-occurrence of hyperacusis (TH) are distinguishable on the level of cortical responses. To accomplish this, electroencephalography (EEG) and concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were measured while patients performed an attentionally demanding auditory discrimination task using stimuli within the individual tinnitus frequency (fTin) and a reference frequency (fRef). Resting-state-fMRI-based functional connectivity (rs-fMRI-bfc) in ascending auditory nuclei (AAN), the primary auditory cortex (AC-I), and four other regions relevant for directing attention or regulating distress in temporal, parietal, and prefrontal cortex was compiled and compared to EEG and concurrent fNIRS activity in the same brain areas. We observed no group differences in pure-tone audiometry (PTA) between 10 and 16 kHz. However, the PTA threshold around the tinnitus pitch was positively correlated with the self-rated tinnitus loudness and also correlated with distress in T-groups, while TH experienced their tinnitus loudness at minimal loudness levels already with maximal suffering scores. The T-group exhibited prolonged auditory brain stem (ABR) wave I latency and reduced ABR wave V amplitudes (indicating reduced neural synchrony in the brainstem), which were associated with lower rs-fMRI-bfc between AAN and the AC-I, as observed in previous studies. In T-subjects, these features were linked with elevated spontaneous and reduced evoked gamma oscillations and with reduced deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) concentrations in response to stimulation with lower frequencies in temporal cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 41, 42, 22), implying less synchronous auditory responses during active auditory discrimination of reference frequencies. In contrast, in the TH-group gamma oscillations and hemodynamic responses in temporoparietal regions were reversed during active discrimination of tinnitus frequencies. Our findings suggest that T and TH differ in auditory discrimination and memory-dependent directed attention during active discrimination at either tinnitus or reference frequencies, offering a test paradigm that may allow for more precise sub-classification of tinnitus and future improved treatment approaches.
Immature functional development of lumbar locomotor networks in adult Irf8−/− mice
Authors: Yazawa Itaru , Yoshida Yuko , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Ozato Keiko
Published: January 2024

To date, research on the role of the brainstem and spinal cord in motor behavior has relied on in vitro preparations of the neonatal rodent spinal cord, with or without the brainstem; their spatial and temporal scope are subject to technical limitations imposed by low oxygen tension in deep tissues. Therefore, we created an arterially perfused in situ preparation that allowed us to investigate functional interactions in the CNS from the neonatal to adult period. Decerebrated rodents were kept alive via total artificial cardiopulmonary bypass for extracorporeal circulation; the plasma oxygen and ion components needed for survival were supplied through the blood vessels. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor that promotes myeloid cell development and stimulates innate immune responses. In the brain, IRF8 is expressed only in microglia and directs the expression of many genes that serve microglial functions. Recent evidence indicates that IRF8 affects behavior and modulates Alzheimer’s disease progression in a mouse model. However, whether this immune deficiency arising from the absence of IRF8 influences the development of the neuronal network in the spinal cord is unknown. We applied the above methodology to mice of all ages and electrophysiologically explored whether the absence of IRF8 influences the development of lumbar central pattern generator (CPG) networks. In mice of all ages, bilateral neuronal discharges by the normal CPG networks activated by the modulated sympathetic tone via descending pathways at high flow rates became organized into discharge episodes punctuated by periods of quiescence. Similar discharge episodes were generated by the adult CPG networks (≥P14 days) activated by drug application. However, discharge episodes elicited by activating the neonatal-juvenile CPG networks (<P14 days) occurred alternately on the left and right sides. Interestingly, discharge episodes elicited by the CPG networks in adult IRF8 knockout mice (P11–12 weeks) consisted of those elicited by the CPG networks of both periods. Thus, it was suggested that growing up with immunodeficiency due to loss of IRF8 might interfere with the normal development of functions exerted by the lumbar CPG network because IRF8 plays a role in the normal development of the lumbar CPG network.
The function of previously unappreciated exerkines secreted by muscle in regulation of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Bian Xuepeng , Wang Qian , Wang Yibing , Lou Shujie
Published: January 2024

The initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), distinguished by compromised nervous system integrity, profoundly disrupt the quality of life of patients, concurrently exerting a considerable strain on both the economy and the social healthcare infrastructure. Exercise has demonstrated its potential as both an effective preventive intervention and a rehabilitation approach among the emerging therapeutics targeting NDs. As the largest secretory organ, skeletal muscle possesses the capacity to secrete myokines, and these myokines can partially improve the prognosis of NDs by mediating the muscle-brain axis. Besides the well-studied exerkines, which are secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise that pivotally exert their beneficial function, the physiological function of novel exerkines, e.g., apelin, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and lactate have been underappreciated previously. Herein, this review discusses the roles of these novel exerkines and their mechanisms in regulating the progression and improvement of NDs, especially the significance of their functions in improving NDs’ prognoses through exercise. Furthermore, several myokines with potential implications in ameliorating ND progression are proposed as the future direction for investigation. Elucidation of the function of exerkines secreted by skeletal muscle in the regulation of NDs advances the understanding of its pathogenesis and facilitates the development of therapeutics that intervene in these processes to cure NDs.
Isolation of new neolignans and an unusual meroterpenoid from Piper cabagranum
Authors: de Oliveira Celso R. , Ledvina Zachary D. , Leonard Michael D. , Odoh Samuel O. , Dodson Craig D. , Jeffrey Christopher S.
Published: January 2024

A novel meroterpenoid cabagranin D was isolated with related neolignans cabagranins A–C from the leaves of Piper cabagranum (Costa Rica). Cabagranins A–C represent the first examples of 3,3′-neolignans isolated from the plant genus Piper, and the meroterpenoid cabagranin D displays an unprecedented Diels–Alder conjugate of an unsubstituted phenylpropenone and α-phellandrene. Details of the full structural elucidation of these compounds and a discussion of their potential biosynthetic relationships are presented.
Exploring disparities in malnutrition among under-five children in Nigeria and potential solutions: a scoping review
Authors: John Collins , Poh Bee Koon , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Michael Godpower , Adedeji Idris , Oyenusi Elizabeth Eberechi , Akor Blessing , Charles Nkwoala C. , Buthmanaban Vanitha , Muhardi Leilani
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Triple burden of malnutrition in children remains a significant public health issue. This scoping review aims to assess the information on undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and the quality of complementary feeding in various regions in Nigeria.

Methods

A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2023 to include studies focusing on 0 to 5 years old children in Nigeria, reporting data on nutritional status, nutrient deficiencies, and published in English.

Results

73 out of 1,545 articles were included. Stunting remained alarmingly high ranging from 7.2% (Osun, South West) to 61% (Kaduna, North Central), while wasting varied from 1% (Ibadan, South West) to 29% (FCT Abuja, Central) and underweight from 5.9% (Osun, South West) to 42.6% (Kano, North West) respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency ranged between 55.2 to 75.1 % and 5.3 to 67.6%, respectively. Low rates of achieving minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency were reported across different states depicting the suboptimal quality of complementary feeding. The prevalence of overweight/obesity ranged from 1.5% (Rivers, South South) to 25.9% (Benue, North Central).

Conclusion

Multiple early childhood malnutrition issues exist with a wide disparity across states in Nigeria, particularly in the Northern region. Targeted nutrition interventions must be implemented to improve the situation.
Hypocarnitinemia and its effect on seizure control in adult patients with intractable epilepsy on the modified Atkins diet
Authors: Chu Daniel Y. , Ravelli Michele N. , Faltersack Kelly M. , Woods Arron L. , Almane Dace , Li Zhanhai , Sampene Emmanuel , Felton Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Previous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the modified Atkins diet (MAD) in attenuating seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. MAD works by achieving ketosis, which is heavily dependent on the metabolic compound, carnitine, to facilitate the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. The effect of carnitine on ketogenic diet therapy is not well-defined in the current literature. Thus, the purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of hypocarnitinemia on the efficacy of MAD.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted, and 58 adults with epilepsy undergoing MAD were evaluated. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to compare the low carnitine status with normal carnitine group in patient measures of body mass index, seizure frequency and severity, number of anti-seizure medications, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglyceride, and carnitine levels across baseline, 3–9-month follow-up (timepoint 1), 1-2-year follow-up (timepoint 2), and 2+ year follow-up (timepoint 3).

Results

Our study revealed that 38.3% of adult patients with epilepsy following MAD experienced low free carnitine at some point through the course of diet therapy. Patients with hypocarnitinemia at timepoint 2 showed a significant percent seizure increase while seizures continued to decrease in the normal carnitine group. Fasting triglyceride levels at timepoint 1 were significantly increased in the low carnitine group compared to normal carnitine group. Change in BHB, BMI, seizure severity, and number of ASMs showcased no significant differences between the low and normal carnitine groups.

Discussion

It may be important for clinicians to monitor for hypocarnitinemia in adults on MAD and provide carnitine supplementation when low. Further investigations into carnitine and MAD may inform clinical decisions on carnitine supplementation to maximize the efficacy of MAD therapy.
The effects of time-restricted eating for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Wang Shuai , Huang Jinyu
Published: January 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a significant global health concern. Numerous investigations have explored the implications of time-restricted eating (TRE) in the management of NAFLD. Therefore, the objective of our study was to conduct a systematic review to summarize and analyze all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TRE for patients with NAFLD. A thorough literature search was executed across Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases, covering all records from their inception until 1 September 2023. All clinical studies of TRE for NAFLD were summarized and analyzed. Our systematic review included four RCTs, encompassing a total of 443 NAFLD patients. These studies varied in sample size from 32 to 271 participants. The TRE intervention was consistently applied in an 8-h window, over durations ranging from 4 weeks to 12 months. The findings suggest that TRE could offer several health benefits for NAFLD patients, such as improved liver health indicators like liver stiffness and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) levels. Consequently, TRE appears to be a promising dietary intervention for NAFLD patients. However, it is premature to recommend TRE for patients with NAFLD. The existing body of research on the effects of TRE in NAFLD contexts is limited, underscoring the need for further high-quality studies to expand our understanding of TRE’s benefits in treating NAFLD. Ongoing clinical trials may provide more insights into the effects of TRE in NAFLD.
Purchasing sustainable palm oil products: narrowing the intention-behavior gap
Authors: Sundaraja Cassandra Shruti , Lykins Amy Dianne , Hine Donald William
Published: January 2024

Experts on palm oil production and utilization emphasize the role of consumer purchasing power in dealing with the environmental and social impacts of the palm oil crisis -that by increasing the demand for sustainable palm oil (SPO), greater supply will follow. However, research has identified a persistent intention-behavior gap. Even knowledgeable consumers do not always follow through on their intentions to purchase SPO. Utilizing the Capability-Opportunity Motivation model of Behavior (COM-B), this article reviews important variables contributing to this intention-behavior gap. While knowledge about palm oil and SPO (capability), perceived product availability (opportunity), and pro-green consumption attitudes (motivation) are important predictors of SPO purchasing intentions, increasing these factors has been insufficient in narrowing the intention-behavior gap. Campaigns can increase knowledge about palm oil and SPO, as well as build motivation around making the ‘sustainable’ choice, but are inadequate in addressing barriers around opportunity (e.g., ease of access to SPO products). In expressing their intent to purchase SPO products, consumers may underestimate the difficulties in being able to identify these consumables (e.g., palm oil often is not clearly labeled, sustainability status may not be obvious), and locate them. In this review, we argue that while consumer behavior is important, it is insufficient to power industry-wide change toward the utilization of SPO. Greater corporate responsibility is needed to increase use of SPO in products, and make consumables containing SPO more available, identifiable, and affordable for consumers. We also suggest that national procurement policies for SPO are likely to produce longer-lasting change.
Effects of 8-week alkaline diet and aerobic exercise on body composition, aerobic performance, and lipid profiles in sedentary women
Authors: Yalcinkaya Nehir , Isik Ozkan , Beyleroglu Malik , Erdogdu Dogan , Cicek Guner , Novak Dario
Published: January 2024

Background

Diet composition can affect systemic pH and acid–base regulation, which may in turn influence exercise performance.

Purpose

It was aimed to determine the effects of the alkaline diet and 8 weeks of aerobic exercises on body composition, aerobic performance, and blood lipid profiles in sedentary women.

Methods

Thirty-two sedentary women participated in the study voluntarily. The research was designed with a true-experimental design and the participants were divided into four different groups as the control group, aerobic exercise group, alkaline diet group, and alkaline diet + aerobic exercise group. The body compositions, aerobic exercise performances, and lipid profiles of sedentary women were measured as pre-test and post-test. In the analysis of the obtained data, One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used.

Results

It was observed that the alkaline diet consumed with 8 weeks of aerobic exercises caused a 5.17% decrease in BMI and an increase of 42.07 and 37.62% in VO2max and aerobic test durations, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, when lipid profiles were examined, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference in HDL-C levels (p > 0.05). Despite that, there were statistically significant differences in TG and LDL-C levels (p < 0.05). According to this result, it was determined that there was a decrease in TG and LDL-C levels by 37.61 and 20.24%, respectively.

Conclusion

An alkaline diet consumed with 8 weeks of aerobic exercises in sedentary women has positive effects on improving body composition, aerobic exercise performances, and TG and LDL-C levels.
Clinicopathological molecular characterizations of sinonasal NUT carcinoma: a report of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Chen Min , Li Shuang , Jiang Lili
Published: January 2024

Background

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) is a rare, aggressive tumor with a typical NUTM1 gene rearrangement.

Methods

Herein, we report a series of 2 cases of sinonasal NC: one in a 16-year-old woman and one in a 37-year-old man. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for NUT (C52B1), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing (NGS) sequencing were performed to investigate the morphological and genetic features of sinonasal NC.

Results

The two cases presented similar pathological features and IHC markers, and typical morphological changes, including undifferentiated cells and abrupt keratinization, were observed, with numerous mitotic figures and widespread tumor necrosis. Diffuse expression of NUT, CK, p63, and p40 was noted, while the tumors were negative for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, S-100, EBV-ISH, and PD-L1. Both tumors harbored a NUTM1 rearrangement. Subsequent sequencing revealed a rare BRD3::NUTM1 fusion and a classic BRD4::NUTM1 fusion. In addition, MCL1 copy number gain (2.1), low tumor mutation burden and stable microsatellites, were also confirmed. Case 1 received surgery and chemoradiotherapy but died 13 months after local recurrence and subsequent lung and bone metastasis. Case 2 underwent chemoradiotherapy and unfortunately died from the disease 6 months later. A review of all previously reported cases of sinonasal NCs (n=55) revealed that these tumors occur more frequently in female pediatric patients (n=11, male: female =3:8), whereas this sex difference is not observed in adult patients (n=44, male: female =23:21). The median survival times of pediatric and adult patients were 17 and 13.8 months, respectively.

Conclusion

Sinonasal NC presents typical undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cells, abrupt keratinization features and heterogeneous genotypes, including BRD4::NUTM1 and BRD3::NUTM1 fusions, with low tumor mutation burden and stable microsatellites.
Effectiveness and tolerability of chlormethine gel for the management of mycosis fungoides: a multicenter real-life evaluation
Authors: Alberti-Violetti Silvia , Ardigò Marco , Massone Cesare , Pileri Alessandro , Sala Raffaella , Teoli Miriam , Grandi Vieri , Quaglino Pietro , Pimpinelli Nicola , Berti Emilio
Published: January 2024

Background

Topical chlormethine (CL) is recommended as a first-line treatment for early-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) and in 2017, the European Medicines Agency approved the CL gel formulation to treat adult patients. More recently, to increase patient compliance and adherence, clinicians have developed flexible protocols that allow the concomitant use of CL gel with topical corticosteroids in daily practice regimens. Therefore, sharing real-life data on CL gel use and side effects management may help improve the use of this agent.

Objectives

To expand knowledge about the actual use of CL gel in patients with MF, the present study assessed the improvement of MF skin lesions after CL gel treatment and provided information on the management of cutaneous adverse events (AEs) in a real-life setting.

Methods

This was an Italian retrospective study conducted among six dermatology referral centers. Patients ≥18 years affected by MF and in treatment with CL gel (160 µ/g), alone or in combination according to routine clinical practice, between December 2019 and December 2021 were considered. The study’s primary aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of CL gel in terms of overall response rate (ORR) after 3 months of treatment.

Results

A total of 79 patients (61% male) with different stages of MF (84% early stage) were included. CL gel was prescribed mainly in association with topical corticosteroids (66% of patients). ORR after 3 months of treatment was 42%, with no differences between early- and advanced-stage MF. Response rates improved over time up to 97% after 18 months of treatment. Overall, 66 AEs were reported in 67% of patients; most were hyperpigmentation (45%) and irritant contact dermatitis (37%). Six AEs led to treatment discontinuation, and five out of six (83%) patients who reported these events resumed treatment after interruption. No AEs were classified as severe.

Conclusions

Our observations support the use of CL gel in patients with early- and advanced-stage MF, making it a valuable treatment option.
Potential markers of cancer stem-like cells in ESCC: a review of the current knowledge
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Huijuan , Liu Yiqian , Guo Shixing , Yan Zhenpeng , Chen Guohui , Wu Qinglu , Xu Songrui , Zhou Qichao , Liu Lili , Peng Meilan , Cheng Xiaolong , Yan Ting
Published: January 2024

In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the incidence and mortality rate of ESCC in our country are also higher than those in the rest of the world. Despite advances in the treatment department method, patient survival rates have not obviously improved, which often leads to treatment obstruction and cancer repeat. ESCC has special cells called cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) with self-renewal and differentiation ability, which reflect the development process and prognosis of cancer. In this review, we evaluated CSLCs, which are identified from the expression of cell surface markers in ESCC. By inciting EMTs to participate in tumor migration and invasion, stem cells promote tumor redifferentiation. Some factors can inhibit the migration and invasion of ESCC via the EMT-related pathway. We here summarize the research progress on the surface markers of CSLCs, EMT pathway, and the microenvironment in the process of tumor growth. Thus, these data may be more valuable for clinical applications.
Normative values and factors affecting Pediatric Reach Tests in Saudi children aged 6–11 years in the eastern province: cross-sectional study
Authors: Alotaibi Reem S. , Algabbani Maha F. , Shaheen Afaf A. M. , Albishi Alaa M. , Almurdi Muneera M.
Published: January 2024

Background

The Pediatric Reach Tests (PRTs) assess balance while standing—the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Lateral Reach Test (LRT)—and in a sitting position—the Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT) and Modified Lateral Reach Test (MLRT). Normative values have not been fully evaluated in Saudi children. The objectives are; to estimate the normative values for PRTs; investigate the correlation between the PRTs and demographic/anthropometric characteristics; and develop predictive equations for the PRTs.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 251 children aged 6–11 were recruited. The PRTs were measured and correlated with demographic/anthropometric variables. A stepwise regression was conducted to develop the predictive equations for the PRT scores.

Results

The mean and standard deviations (in cm) of the PRT scores were as follows: FRT = 20.02 ± 4.31; LRT = 13.42 ± 3.38; MFRT = 21.49 ± 4.70, and MLRT = 14.64 ± 3.66. Several significant correlations were found. Moderate correlations existed between the PRT scores and age, height, upper extremity length, lower extremity length, and foot length; there was a weak correlation with body mass index. Weight was moderately correlated with FRT and MFRT and weakly correlated with LRT and MLRT. The correlation between the base of support and LRT was moderate and was weak with FRT, MFRT, and MLRT. A weak correlation was found between sex and LRT. Age and height were the most predictive of PRT scores.

Conclusion

This study provided PRT normative values that can be used as a clinical reference for evaluating balance in typically developing children.
A personalized prediction model for urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus using machine learning
Authors: Xiong Yu , Liu Yu-Meng , Hu Jia-Qiang , Zhu Bao-Qiang , Wei Yuan-Kui , Yang Yan , Wu Xing-Wei , Long En-Wu
Published: January 2024

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs), which greatly impacts their quality of life. Developing a risk prediction model to identify high-risk patients for UTIs in those with T2DM and assisting clinical decision-making can help reduce the incidence of UTIs in T2DM patients. To construct the predictive model, potential relevant variables were first selected from the reference literature, and then data was extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS) of the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital for analysis. The data set was split into a training set and a test set in an 8:2 ratio. To handle the data and establish risk warning models, four imputation methods, four balancing methods, three feature screening methods, and eighteen machine learning algorithms were employed. A 10-fold cross-validation technique was applied to internally validate the training set, while the bootstrap method was used for external validation in the test set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The contributions of features were interpreted using the SHapley Additive ExPlanation (SHAP) approach. And a web-based prediction platform for UTIs in T2DM was constructed by Flask framework. Finally, 106 variables were identified for analysis from a total of 119 literature sources, and 1340 patients were included in the study. After comprehensive data preprocessing, a total of 48 datasets were generated, and 864 risk warning models were constructed based on various balancing methods, feature selection techniques, and a range of machine learning algorithms. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the performances of these models, and the best model achieved an impressive AUC of 0.9789 upon external validation. Notably, the most critical factors contributing to UTIs in T2DM patients were found to be UTIs-related inflammatory markers, medication use, mainly SGLT2 inhibitors, severity of comorbidities, blood routine indicators, as well as other factors such as length of hospital stay and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Furthermore, the SHAP method was utilized to interpret the contribution of each feature to the model. And based on the optimal predictive model a user-friendly prediction platform for UTIs in T2DM was built to assist clinicians in making clinical decisions. The machine learning model-based prediction system developed in this study exhibited favorable predictive ability and promising clinical utility. The web-based prediction platform, combined with the professional judgment of clinicians, can assist to make better clinical decisions.
Cartilage tissue healing and regeneration based on biocompatible materials: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis from 1993 to 2022
Authors: Yao Meng-Xuan , Zhang Yi-Fan , Liu Wei , Wang Hai-Cheng , Ren Chuan , Zhang Yu-Qin , Shi Tai-Long , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Cartilage, a type of connective tissue, plays a crucial role in supporting and cushioning the body, and damages or diseases affecting cartilage may result in pain and impaired joint function. In this regard, biocompatible materials are used in cartilage tissue healing and regeneration as scaffolds for new tissue growth, barriers to prevent infection and reduce inflammation, and deliver drugs or growth factors to the injury site. In this article, we perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of literature on cartilage tissue healing and regeneration based on biocompatible materials, including an overview of current research, identifying the most influential articles and authors, discussing prevailing topics and trends in this field, and summarizing future research directions.
The Protective Effects of Bushen Daozhuo Granule on Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Sun Dalin , Xing Dong , Wang Dandan , Liu Yuanyuan , Cai Bin , Deng Weimin , Hu Qinglin , Ma Wenjun , Jin Baofang
Published: January 2024

Background: Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP), one of the most common chronic diseases in urology, leads to pain in the prostate and dysuria, critically affecting the physical or mental health of patients. However, there are no standard treatment approaches for the treatment of CNP in the clinic. Although the clinical application of Bushen Daozhuo granule (BSDZG) offers hope to CNP patients in China, the mechanisms of BSDZG in treating CNP are still not entirely clear. Hence, we aimed to investigate the novel therapeutic mechanisms of BSDZG on CNP.

Methods: In this study, we first assayed the prostate index of rats and then determined the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of BSDZG on CNP in vivo and in vitro by employing ELISA kits and TUNEL staining. Next, we investigated whether the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of BSDZG on prostate protein-induced rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RWPE-1 cells were related to the AKT, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathways with the help of Western blot. Finally, the influence of BSDZG on the interaction between the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells was explored by adopting dehydrocorydaline (DHC, p38 MAPK activator) with the help of ELISA kits and Western blot.

Results:In vivo, BSDZG effectively reduced the prostate index. In vivo and in vitro, BSDZG dramatically declined the level of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as the apoptosis rate. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro, BSDZG memorably upregulated the expression level of p-AKT, and substantially downregulated the expression level of p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB2. The activation of p38 MAPK significantly reversed the moderation effects of BSDZG on the level of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as the expression level of p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB2 in vitro.

Conclusion: To sum up, the in vivo and in vitro therapeutic mechanisms of BSDZG on CNP were reflected as the anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis that was formed by inhibiting the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, to regulate the AKT, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathways, and the anti-inflammatory effect of BSDZG was realized by suppressing the p38 MAPK pathway to inhibit the downstream NF-κB pathway.
Effect of altitude and acetazolamide on postural control in healthy lowlanders 40 years of age or older. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Mutschler Tim , Furian Michael , Lichtblau Mona , Buergin Aline , Schneider Simon R. , Appenzeller Paula , Mayer Laura , Muralt Lara , Mademilov Maamed , Abdyraeva Ainura , Aidaralieva Shoira , Muratbekova Aibermet , Akylbekov Azamat , Shabykeeva Saltanat , Sooronbaev Talant M. , Ulrich Silvia , Bloch Konrad E.
Published: January 2024

Background: Hypoxia and old age impair postural control and may therefore enhance the risk of accidents. We investigated whether acetazolamide, the recommended drug for prevention of acute mountain sickness, may prevent altitude-induced deterioration of postural control in older persons.

Methods: In this parallel-design trial, 95 healthy volunteers, 40 years of age or older, living <1,000 m, were randomized to preventive therapy with acetazolamide (375 mg/d) or placebo starting 24 h before and during a 2-day sojourn at 3,100 m. Instability of postural control was quantified by a balance platform with the center of pressure path length (COPL) as primary outcome while pulse oximetry (SpO2) was monitored. Effects of altitude and treatment on COPL were evaluated by ordered logistic regression. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03536429.

Results: In participants taking placebo, ascent from 760 m to 3,100 m increased median COPL from 25.8 cm to 27.6 cm (odds ratio 3.80, 95%CI 2.53–5.70) and decreased SpO2 from 96% to 91% (odds ratio 0.0003, 95%CI 0.0002–0.0007); in participants taking acetazolamide, altitude ascent increased COPL from 24.6 cm to 27.3 cm (odds ratio 2.22, 95%CI 1.57–3.13), while SpO2 decreased from 96% to 93% (odds ratio 0.007, 95%CI 0.004–0.012). Altitude-induced increases in COPL were smaller with acetazolamide vs. placebo (odds ratio 0.58, 95%CI 0.34–0.99) while drops in SpO2 were mitigated (odds ratio 19.2, 95%CI 9.9–37.6).

Conclusion: In healthy individuals, 40 years of age or older, postural control was impaired after spending a night at 3,100 m. The altitude-induced deterioration of postural control was mitigated by acetazolamide, most likely due to the associated improvement in oxygenation.
Benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier
Authors: Lei Dongyun , Liu Dan , Zhang Junling , Zhang Litao , Man Mao-Qiang
Published: January 2024

Because of the crucial role of epidermal permeability barrier in regulation of cutaneous and extracutaneous functions, great efforts have been made to identify and develop the regimens that can improve epidermal permeability barrier function. Studies have demonstrated that oral administration of natural ingredients can improve epidermal permeability barrier in various skin conditions, including inflammatory dermatoses and UV-irradiation. Moreover, topical applications of some natural ingredients can also accelerate the repair of epidermal permeability barrier after acute barrier disruption and lower transepidermal water loss in the intact skin. Natural ingredient-induced improvements in epidermal permeability barrier function can be attributable to upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation, lipid production, antioxidant, hyaluronic acid production, expression of aquaporin 3 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. In this review, we summarize the benefits of topical natural ingredients in epidermal permeability barrier in normal skin with or without acute barrier disruption and the underlying mechanisms.
Effect of different isometric trunk extension intensities on the muscle stiffness of the lumbar and lower limbs
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Chen Mengtong , Liu Hongxiu , He Yanan , Li Yuanchao , Shen Peifeng , Chen Yiming , Huang Jiapeng , Liu Chunlong
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of isometric prone trunk extension (IPTE) contraction intensity on the stiffness of erector spinae (ES), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius muscles to understand the overall muscle mechanical behavior during IPTE and to explore the mechanisms of oordinated contraction of the body kinetic chain.

Methods: Twenty healthy females were recruited, and participants underwent IPTE at three contraction intensities, i.e., 0% maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), 30% MVIC, and 60% MVIC, and muscle stiffness was measured using MyotonPRO.

Results: Muscle stiffness was moderately to strongly positively correlated with contraction intensity (r = 0.408–0.655, p < 0.001). The percentage increase in stiffness at low intensity was much greater in ES than in lower limb muscles and greater in ST and BF than in gastrocnemius, whereas at moderate intensity, the percentage increase in stiffness decreased in all muscles, and the percentage increase in stiffness in ES was lower than that in ST. There was a moderate to strong positive correlation between ES stiffness variation and ST (r = 0.758–0.902, p < 0.001), BF (r = 0.454–0.515, p < 0.05), MG (r = 0.643–0.652, p < 0.01), LG (r = 0.659–0.897, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: IPTE significantly affected the stiffness of lumbar and lower limb muscles, and low-intensity IPTE activated the ES more efficiently. There were significant coordinated muscle contractions between ES, ST, and LG. This provides preliminary evidence for exploring the overall modulation pattern of the lumbar and lower limb muscles’ kinetic chains. In future studies, we will combine other stiffness assessment methods (such as Magnetic Resonance Elastography, Shear Wave Elastography, or electromyography) to corroborate our findings.
Reducing environmental exposure to PPPs in super-high density olive orchards using UAV sprayers
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Luis , Barrera-Báez María , Martínez-Guanter Jorge , Pérez-Ruiz Manuel
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for optimizing the use of agricultural resources will require the adoption of cutting-edge technologies and precision farming management. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) sprayers seem promising due to their potential to perform precision or spot spraying, particularly in woody crop environments where total surface spraying is unnecessary. However, incorporating this technology is limited by the lack of scientific knowledge about the environmental risks associated with UAV sprayers and the strict legal framework. Nonetheless, these spraying systems’ characteristic downwash airflow and the limited swath width can potentially mitigate drift in hedgerow crops. During our study we performed comparative studies aimed to compare the airborne drift, soil, and crop depositions between a conventional orchard sprayer and a UAV sprayer in a commercial superhigh-density orchard in the South Iberian Peninsula in 2022. Our findings reveal that, in superhigh-density olive orchards, the UAV sprayer presents a substantial reduction in airborne drift, while soil depositions showed no significant differences compared to those of a conventional terrestrial orchard sprayer. Crop depositions were significantly lower when utilizing the UAV sprayer. These results suggest that introducing UAV spraying technology in Mediterranean agricultural systems, under specific scenarios, can effectively reduce the environmental impact of crop spraying and encourage the responsible use of plant protection products (PPPs).
A DUF3494 ice-binding protein with a root cap domain in a streptophyte glacier ice alga
Authors: Procházková Lenka , Remias Daniel , Nedbalová Linda , Raymond James A.
Published: January 2024

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) of the DUF3494 type have been found in many ice-associated unicellular photoautotrophs, including chlorophytes, haptophytes, diatoms and a cyanobacterium. Unrelated IBPs have been found in many land plants (streptophytes). Here we looked for IBPs in two streptophyte algae that grow only on glaciers, a group in which IBPs have not previously been examined. The two species, Ancylonema nordenskioeldii and Ancylonema. alaskanum, belong to the class Zygnematophyceae, whose members are the closest relatives to all land plants. We found that one of them, A. nordenskioeldii, expresses a DUF3494-type IBP that is similar to those of their chlorophyte ancestors and that has not previously been found in any streptophytes. The protein is unusual in having what appears to be a perfect array of TXT motifs that have been implicated in water or ice binding. The IBP strongly binds to ice and almost certainly has a role in mitigating the daily freeze-thaw cycles that the alga is exposed to during late summer. No IBP was found in the second species, A. alaskanum, which may rely more on glycerol production for its freeze-thaw tolerance. The IBP is also unusual in having a 280-residue domain with a β sandwich structure (which we designate as the DPH domain) that is characteristic of root cap proteins of land plants, and that may have a role in forming IBP oligomers. We also examined existing transcriptome data obtained from land plants to better understand the tissue and temperature dependence of expression of this domain.