bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feature Extraction from Satellite-Derived Hydroclimate Data: Assessing Impacts on Various Neural Networks for Multi-Step Ahead Streamflow Prediction
Authors: Ghobadi Fatemeh , Tayerani Charmchi Amir Saman , Kang Doosun
Published: November 2023

Enhancing the generalization capability of time-series models for streamflow prediction using dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques remains a major challenge in water resources management (WRM). In this study, we investigated eight DR techniques and their effectiveness in mitigating the curse of dimensionality, which hinders the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the field of WRM. Our study delves into the most non-linear unsupervised representative DR techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA (KPCA), multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), isometric mapping (ISOMAP), locally linear embedding (LLE), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), Laplacian eigenmaps (LE), and autoencoder (AE), examining their effectiveness in multi-step ahead (MSA) streamflow prediction. In this study, we conducted a conceptual comparison of these techniques. Subsequently, we focused on their performance in four different case studies in the USA. Moreover, we assessed the quality of the transformed feature spaces in terms of the MSA streamflow prediction improvement. Through our investigation, we gained valuable insights into the performance of different DR techniques within linear/dense/convolutional neural network (CNN)/long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and autoregressive LSTM (AR-LSTM) architectures. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of suitable feature extraction techniques for enhancing the capabilities of the LSTM model in tackling high-dimensional datasets in the realm of WRM.
Effects of Different Nitrogen Sources on the Formation of Biogenic Jarosite
Authors: Huang Haitao , Hu Weitong , Zi Xiang , Wang Xiaomeng , Liang Jianru , Zhou Lixiang
Published: November 2023

The effects of nitrogen sources on the biosynthesis of jarosite were investigated by analyzing the changes in pH, Fe2+, total Fe (TFe), and jarosite production in a 9K culture medium containing different nitrogen sources. Three nitrogen sources, namely (NH4)2SO4, carbamide (CO(NH2)2), and NH4NO3, were used in this study. The solution’s pH and Fe2+ concentrations were set to 2.5 and 160 mmol/L, respectively. The results demonstrated that the three different nitrogen sources could be used by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) LX5, but the degree of utilization differed. The addition of (NH4)2SO4 facilitated the growth of A. ferrooxidans LX5 compared with the other two nitrogen sources, while the bacterial activity in the CO(NH2)2 set was minimum. The pH of the solution had an inverse correlation with bacterial activity. The mineralization rate using (NH4)2SO4 as the nitrogen source was 42.48%, which was slightly higher than the rates obtained with CO(NH2)2 and NH4NO3 (31.67% and 35.35%, respectively). The resulting minerals showed a different appearance and chemical composition. However, the XRD spectra showed similar chemical structure. The jarosites were identified as a mixture of jarosite, ammonioiarosite, and carphosiderite.
A Multi-Agent Integrated Energy Trading Strategy Based on Carbon Emission/Green Certificate Equivalence Interaction
Authors: Tian Jiaqi , Huang Bonan , Wang Qiuli , Du Pengbo , Zhang Yameng , He Bangpeng
Published: November 2023

To meet the demand for constructing a market mechanism that adapts to the integrated energy system and promotes market-oriented reforms in the energy sector, in-depth research on integrated energy trading strategies is required. This study focused on the integrated energy trading problem and clarify the relationships among participants in the integrated energy market. A regional integrated energy system model was established that enables trading of electricity, gas, heat, and cold, and propose a integrated energy trading strategy based on the carbon emissions/green certificate equivalence interaction. Firstly, the trading process of carbon emissions and green certificates, the underlying representation of green attributes, and market transaction prices are analyzed. Combining with a tiered carbon trading system that includes rewards and penalties, a carbon emissions/green certificate equivalence interaction mechanism is constructed. Secondly, the paper utilized the flexible characteristics of loads within the industrial park to establish a integrated energy demand response model for electricity, heat, and cold. Finally, with the objective of minimizing regional operating costs, a integrated energy trading model considering the carbon emissions/green certificate equivalence interaction mechanism was developed. In the simulation, the operating cost of the system is reduced by 4%, and the carbon emission is reduced by 11.4%, which verifies the effectiveness of the model.
Fostering Customer Loyalty in Kitesurfing: The Case of a Nautical Sports Centre in Portugal
Authors: Soares Sílvia , Carvalho Pedro , Mourão Maria Filipa
Published: November 2023

In this study, the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intention is investigated within a specialised nautical sports centre that offers kitesurfing in Portugal. Using a path analysis model, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the dimensions of service quality on satisfaction and behavioural intention, as well as the effect of satisfaction on the customer’s behavioural intention. According to the results, customer satisfaction is influenced directly by service quality dimensions such as responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibility. This, in turn, positively impacts their behavioural intention to make future purchases. The responsiveness dimension directly affects behavioural intention, while empathy contributes to it indirectly through customer satisfaction. This study addresses a gap in current water sports research by examining the antecedents of customers’ behavioural intention, for the first time, to a nautical sports centre, deriving important managerial implications. Thus, to increase customer satisfaction and increase the likelihood of repeating their experience, it is advised that the sports centre implement clear work procedures, offer training to staff on responsiveness and empathy, and regularly gather feedback from customers to facilitate continuous improvement of their service design.
Can an Incentivized Command-and-Control Approach Improve Groundwater Management? An Analysis of Indian Punjab
Authors: Bhatia Sahil , Singh S. P.
Published: November 2023

The Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Water Act 2009 is a legislative measure introduced to address the critical issue of groundwater depletion in Punjab, India. This research examines the implications of this Act and the rising groundwater scarcity in Punjab. Using qualitative research methods, including GIS mapping, it evaluates the postimplementation impact of the Act on groundwater conservation and water availability and assesses its effectiveness in achieving its objectives. This study reveals that the government’s policies favoring wheat and rice have significantly contributed to the expansion of these crops, resulting in imbalanced agricultural practices. While the overall groundwater development in Punjab decreased from 170% in 2009 to 165% in 2017, a district-wise analysis reveals that the fall in the groundwater exploitation level in seven districts outperforms the rise in the exploitation level in the other thirteen districts of the state, showing overall minor or no improvement. This study proposes a multifaceted approach combining command-and-control measures with self-regulation incentives. It highlights the potential of incentivizing farmers to adopt sustainable practices, diversify crops, and implement water-efficient technologies. This paper also suggests the importance of involving stakeholders and the community in groundwater management, emphasizing the need for participatory approaches to ensure the long-term sustainability of water resources. While this study provides valuable insights, it is essential to acknowledge that its scope is limited to a qualitative assessment, and there may be challenges in generalizing the findings to all regions facing groundwater depletion.
Hidden Costs Associated with Smallholder Family-Based Broiler Production: Accounting for the Intangibles
Authors: Nacimento Rafael Araujo , Canever Mario Duarte , Almeida Cecilia , Agostinho Feni , Gameiro Augusto Hauber , Giannetti Biagio Fernando
Published: November 2023

The contractual relationship between the processing firm and the broiler smallholder presents incessant conflicts of interest and inequality due to technical and economic discrepancies, leading to an undervaluation of the producers’ remuneration. This study aims to deepen the discussion on searching for a more balanced monetary exchange between processing firms and broiler smallholders based on scientific aspects. For this, the emergy theory and its concepts are used while considering a representative broiler production system at Concórdia, Brazil. The results indicate the importance of including cultural information in the emergy-based model calculation, which achieved the highest emergy contribution (~63%; transformity = 1.73 × 108 sej/J) for the broiler smallholder. On the other hand, the cultural information was not sufficient to increase the sustainability of the broiler production system. The results show an imbalance in the monetary exchange between the processing firm and broiler smallholder from both perspectives (the economic and emergy-based ones), which indicates higher values (USD 0.32/broiler and EmUSD 1.62/broiler) than the practiced payment value of USD 0.24/broiler. Evaluating the “(eco)cost” from an emergy-based accounting perspective recognizes that production depends not only on tangible physical resources but also on knowledge, skills and information (“iceberg of value” thinking). Policy and decision makers must therefore consider the promotion of public policies that subside initiatives, including social and environmental welfare programs.
Mechanical Properties and Flexural Response of Palm Shell Aggregate Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Sobuz Md. Habibur Rahman , Islam Md. Saiful , Akid Abu Sayed Mohammad , Datta Shuvo Dip , Alahmari Turki S. , Hasan Noor Md. Sadiqul , Khondoker Md. Tareq Hossain , Aditto Fahim Shahriyar
Published: November 2023

This work focuses on examining the mechanical characteristics and flexural response of reinforced concrete (RC) beams by incorporating oil palm shell (OPS) lightweight aggregate from oil palm shell waste. The OPS aggregates are replaced in various percentages, such as 0 to 50% of natural coarse aggregate (NCA). Mechanical properties of OPS concrete were conducted, and these properties were used to quantify the flexural performance of RC beams. Five RC beams with several gradations of OPS aggregates were cast and tested for this investigation. The first cracking, ultimate strength, load-deflection behavior, ductility index, and failure patterns of OPS aggregate beams were investigated as the corresponding behaviors to the NCA concrete beam. The fresh properties analysis demonstrated lessening the slump test by varied concentrations of OPS concrete. Furthermore, compressive strength was reduced by 44.73%, 50.83%, 53.33%, and 57.22% compared to 10%, 15%, 20%, and 50% OPC substitution at 28 days. Increasing OPS content in concrete mixes decreased splitting tensile strength, comparable to the compressive strength test. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity experiments exhibited a similar trend toward reduction over the whole range of OPS concentrations (0–50%) in concrete. It was revealed that the flexural capacity of beams tends to decrease the strength with the increased proportion of OPS aggregate. Moreover, crack patterns and failure modes of beams are also emphasized in this paper for the variation of OPS replacement in the NCA. The OPS aggregate RC beam’s test results have great potential to be implemented in low-cost civil infrastructures.
Modular Structures of Trade Flow Networks in International Commodities
Authors: Koli Zannatul Mawa , Nobi Ashadun , Rakib Mahmudul Islam , Alam Jahidul , Lee Jae Woo
Published: November 2023

We explore the evolution of modular structure within the International Trade Network (ITN) for eight commodities, employing the Louvain module optimization method. The interactions among countries in the realm of trade are shaped by various factors, including economic conditions and geographical proximity. These countries are often categorized into continental groups, a classification that frequently persists even after the detecting process of modules. Nonetheless, African countries display a penchant for shifting among different modules over time. Observations of module trends unveil the increase in regional trade up until 2005, followed by plateaus marked with interruptions during significant crises, such as the 2012–2014 EU recession and the 2018 trade war. Notably, the 2018 trade war witnessed a sharp upsurge in module, attributed to robust alliances between major players like China and the USA. These modular dynamics are not uniform across different commodities; they exhibit varying degrees of module and distinct responses during times of crisis, with human-made goods displaying heightened sensitivity. Core nations, such as the USA, Germany, China, and Japan, exert significant influence over the commodities and often demonstrate a cohesive approach when navigating through crises. The analysis of modular dynamics provides valuable insights into global trade trends, fostering sustainability in trade practices, and comprehending the impacts of crises on various commodities.
The Process of Implementing a Place Brand Based on a Multilevel Approach: The Case of the Municipality of Masquefa
Authors: de San Eugenio-Vela Jordi , Ginesta Xavier , Compte-Pujol Marc , Frigola-Reig Joan , Fernández-Rovira Cristina
Published: November 2023

Place branding is a discipline at the intersection of geography and communications, devoted to the process by which places become brands, understood as devices for managing a desired identity presented to the outside world, and also for internal consumption by the residents of the place. This paper intends to explain the conceptualization process of a place brand, and to present the methodological framework for building a brand that takes into account all audiences and stakeholders, thus strengthening the identity of the place. The case presented here is Masquefa, a municipality in the Barcelona province. The methodology has been structured in three phases: first, an initial diagnosis and data gathering; next, fieldwork and public participation (interviews, surveys, and discussion in focus groups); and third, construction of the story. The conclusions of this article show how a municipality without any significant tangible and intangible assets to truly identify it can build a brand story accepted by all agents, both public and private, which will help it grow sustainably in the future.
Creative and Happy Individuals Concerned about Climate Change: Evidence Based on the 10th Round of the European Social Survey in 22 Countries
Authors: Dirzyte Aiste , Valatka Vytis
Published: November 2023

Previous studies, to some extent, link creativity, well-being, and environmental concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self-reported creativity, psychological well-being, and climate change concerns. This study was based on data derived from the European Social Survey’s 10th round and applied several items from sections H, B, and C. The findings revealed that creativity was positively linked to climate change concerns and psychological well-being, while psychological well-being was, to some extent, negatively related to climate change concerns. The SEM model demonstrated an acceptable fit, χ2 = 1627.862; Df = 7; CFI = 0.959; TLI = 0.876; NFI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.078 [0.075–0.082]. Additionally, the findings indicated that more creative and happy individuals were also more concerned about climate change; they were more prone to believe that climate change is caused by human activity, they felt a higher personal responsibility to reduce climate change, and they were significantly more worried about climate change. This implies that as creative and happy individuals have a heightened sense of responsibility for climate change, these individuals may indeed play a key role in promoting climate change awareness and actions, including communication on sustainability, sustainability-related projects, and other activities; thus, tailored campaigns could be developed within the frames of citizen science. The findings also suggest implications for policy development: policymakers could consider the perspectives of creative and happy individuals when crafting climate policies, potentially leading to more effective and widely accepted solutions.
Challenges and Potentialities of Sustainability in the Institutional Food Market of Family Farming
Authors: Cecconello Edinete Rita Folle , Moro Leila Dal , Foguesatto Cristian Rogério , Breichtenbach Raquel , Neckel Alcindo , Spanhol Caroline Pauletto , Vieira-Filho José Eustáquio Ribeiro , Mores Giana de Vargas
Published: November 2023

Family farming is relevant for the generation of employment and income in the countryside. The objective of this study is to analyze the challenges and potentialities in the socioeconomic dynamics of agriculture through the institutional food market in the area of operation of a family farming cooperative. A qualitative case study was carried out in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through eighteen in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method, considering five categories: economic, social, environmental, food security, and family succession. The results indicate that labor shortage and excessive bureaucracy are constant challenges. Furthermore, effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of information, and lack of succession are among the main challenges of the institutional market from the perspective of the social agents participating in the research. On the other hand, the institutional commercialization channel, via the National School Feeding Program, is a consolidated public policy in the region, and one of the greatest benefits identified was the increase in the income of the cooperative members. Among the main potentialities of the institutional market from the agents’ point of view are income guarantee, institutional relations, support from cooperatives and technical assistance and rural extension, women’s involvement, and productive diversification. The results can support the implementation and strengthening of similar programs in other countries.
Time–Energy Uncertainty Relation for Neutrino Oscillations: Historical Development, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Luciano Giuseppe Gaetano , Smaldone Luca
Published: November 2023

The time–energy uncertainty relation (TEUR) plays a fundamental role in quantum mechanics, as it allows the grasping of peculiar aspects of a variety of phenomena based on very general principles and symmetries of the theory. Using the Mandelstam–Tamm method, TEUR has recently been derived for neutrino oscillations by connecting the uncertainty in neutrino energy with the characteristic timescale of oscillations. Interestingly, the suggested interpretation of neutrinos as unstable-like particles has proved to naturally emerge in this context. Further aspects were later discussed in semiclassical gravity theory, by computing corrections to the neutrino energy uncertainty in a generic stationary curved spacetime, and in quantum field theory, where the clock observable turns out to be identified with the non-conserved flavor charge operator. In the present work, we give an overview on the above achievements. In particular, we analyze the implications of TEUR and explore the impact of gravitational and non-relativistic effects on the standard condition for neutrino oscillations.
An Optimal Control Perspective on Classical and Quantum Physical Systems
Authors: Contreras González Mauricio , Villena Marcelo , Ortiz Herrera Roberto
Published: November 2023

This paper analyzes classical and quantum physical systems from an optimal control perspective. Specifically, we explore whether their associated dynamics can correspond to an open- or closed-loop feedback evolution of a control problem. Firstly, for the classical regime, when it is viewed in terms of the theory of canonical transformations, we find that a closed-loop feedback problem can describe it. Secondly, for a quantum physical system, if one realizes that the Heisenberg commutation relations themselves can be considered constraints in a non-commutative space, then the momentum must depend on the position of any generic wave function. That implies the existence of a closed-loop strategy for the quantum case. Thus, closed-loop feedback is a natural phenomenon in the physical world. By way of completeness, we briefly review control theory and the classical mechanics of constrained systems and analyze some examples at the classical and quantum levels.
Conceptualization of DIANA Economy and Global RPM Analysis: Differences in Digitalization Levels of Countries
Authors: Jeong Ji Young , Karimov Mamurbek , Sobirov Yuldoshboy , Saidmamatov Olimjon , Marty Peter
Published: November 2023

The economics of globalization are changing due to digitization. The increasing global scope of digital platforms is lowering the cost of cross-border communications, allowing companies to connect with customers and suppliers across borders. This leads to the emergence of new competitors from anywhere in the world, increasing competition within an industry. The main objective of this research was to conduct an analysis of the DIANA Economy and Global RPM and to examine the various definitions and concepts of measuring the digital and analog economies in a comprehensive approach. Furthermore, this study analyzes and ranks the changes that countries around the globe have seen in their digital competitiveness, presenting the foundations of analog and digital economies and refining their definitions. Based on the results, most countries, 41 out of 60, are analog and anatal, which implies that they rely on an analog economy and need to develop digitalization strategies to transition from analog to digital. By providing rankings, policy implications, and strategies tailored to different population categories, it offers a roadmap for countries and businesses seeking to thrive in an increasingly digitalized world.
Development of a Virtual Reality Memory Maze Learning System for Application in Social Science Education
Authors: Tarng Wernhuar , Su Yu-Chieh , Ou Kuo-Liang
Published: November 2023

Virtual reality (VR) is a 3D space created by computer graphics technology and immersive devices. In addition to providing a new visual experience, users can also interact with others in the virtual world to address any of their needs. In recent years, the application of virtual reality in the field of education has attracted the attention of more and more people. This study combined virtual reality and concepts of spatial memory in wayfinding and memory palace to develop a VR memory maze learning system based on the seven large-scale expedition voyages of Zheng He (1405–1433) in the early Ming Dynasty of imperial China. The objective is to improve memory and efficiency in learning social science by correlating spatial information and organizational skills in the virtual environment. A teaching experiment has been conducted to explore its impacts on learning effectiveness, learning motivation, and cognitive load, as well as learners’ technology acceptance of the VR system. The analysis results indicate that using the VR system for learning social science can improve learning effectiveness; it can also increase learning motivation and reduce cognitive load. The questionnaire results of the technology acceptance model analysis show that most learners were satisfied with various aspects of this system.
Software Program for the Evaluation of Human Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Giurgiuman Adina , Gliga Marian , Bojita Adrian , Andreica Sergiu , Munteanu Calin , Topa Vasile , Constantinescu Claudia , Pacurar Claudia
Published: November 2023

The evaluation of human exposure to electric and magnetic fields represents a subject of great scientific and public interest due to the biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the human body and the risks caused by them to living organisms. In this context, this article proposes a software program designed by the authors for the evaluation of human exposure to electric and magnetic fields at low frequencies (EMF software program), an application that can also be accessed from a mobile phone. The analytical model on which the EMF program is based is synthetically presented, and the application is then described. The first example implemented in the EMF program is taken from the existing literature on this subject, thus confirming the correctness and calculation precision of the program. Next, a case study is proposed for an overhead transmission line of 400 KV from the Cluj-Napoca area, Romania, for which the electric and magnetic fields are first measured experimentally and then using the EMF program. The validation of the EMF software program is performed by comparing the obtained results with those measured experimentally and with those obtained with a commercial software program.
Effect of Butyl Paraben on Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mauremys sinensis
Authors: Yin Yaru , Xie Zhenzi , Sun Xiao , Wu Xia , Zhang Jiliang , Shi Haitao , Ding Li , Hong Meiling
Published: November 2023

Butyl paraben (BuP) has been widely used as a preservative in the cosmetics, food, and medicine industries. Recently, it has become a new pollutant and has attracted much attention. In order to evaluate the toxic effect of BuP on aquatic animals, Chinese striped-neck turtles (Mauremys sinensis) were exposed to BuP solutions with different concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, and 5000 µg/L for 20 weeks. The results showed that with an increase in BuP concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-PX) in liver decreased. The expression of key genes in the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathways first increased and then decreased, while the expression of the HSP70 and HSP90 genes increased. In addition, the liver had an inflammatory reaction. The expression of the BAFF and IL-6 genes increased and then decreased with an increase in BuP concentration, while the expression of P50 and P65 increased significantly. Oxidative stress induced apoptosis, and the expression of pro-apoptosis genes (BAX, cytc, Caspase3 and Caspase9) increased, while the expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl2 decreased. The results provide an important reference for the comprehensive ecological and health risk assessment of environmental BuP.
Does a Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink Reduce Postoperative Inflammation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Haider Khasim Zakaria , Ahmed Zubair
Published: November 2023

Since 1995, it has been known that carbohydrate drinks (CHDs) can be safely consumed two to three hours (2–3 h) preoperatively. Furthermore, preoperative CHDs significantly benefit many outcomes, such as thirst, hunger, and insulin resistance. Patients, however, still fast excessively. This study aimed to determine if a CHD, consumed 2–3 h preoperatively, impacts postoperative inflammation compared to a placebo drink or fasting. This was achieved through analysing the levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive peptide, and serum albumin 10–24 h postoperatively. We conducted a systematic review of randomised control trials. We comprehensively searched the Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, identified 473 studies, and, after screening, were left with 10 randomised control trials. Our meta-analyses found a significantly lower mean interleukin-6 level of −21.26 pg/mL ((95% CI −33.37, −9.15); p = 0.0006) postoperatively in patients given a preoperative CHD compared to fasting and a significantly higher mean serum albumin level of 2.56 g/L ((95% CI 1.41, 3.71); p < 0.0001) postoperatively in patients given a preoperative CHD compared to a placebo. Our results therefore show that a CHD, consumed 2–3 h preoperatively, lowers proinflammatory cytokine levels and increases serum albumin levels. Thus, our study reinforces guideline recommendations to give patients a CHD 2–3 h preoperatively for improved outcomes.
The Application of Prodrugs as a Tool to Enhance the Properties of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Fernandes Lívia da Rocha , Lopes Juliana Romano , Bonjorno Andressa Francielli , Prates João Lucas Bruno , Scarim Cauê Benito , Dos Santos Jean Leandro
Published: November 2023

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has transformed the highly lethal disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), into a chronic and manageable condition. However, better methods need to be developed for enhancing patient access and adherence to therapy and for improving treatment in the long term to reduce adverse effects. From the perspective of drug discovery, one promising strategy is the development of anti-HIV prodrugs. This approach aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment, promoting the development of more appropriate and convenient systems for patients. In this review, we discussed the use of the prodrug approach for HIV antiviral agents and emphasized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We comprehensively described various strategies that are used to enhance factors such as water solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, permeability across biological membranes, chemical stability, drug delivery to specific sites/organs, and tolerability. These strategies might help researchers conduct better studies in this field. We also reported successful examples from the primary therapeutic classes while discussing the advantages and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the key trends in the application of the prodrug approach for treating HIV/AIDS.
An Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibodies against the Main SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Healthcare Workers (HCWs) Vaccinated against or Infected by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Immordino Palmira , Pisciotta Vincenzo , Amodio Emanuele , Bonura Celestino , Bonura Floriana , Cacioppo Federica , Calamusa Giuseppe , Capra Giuseppina , Casuccio Alessandra , De Grazia Simona , Genovese Dario , Graci Davide , Lacca Guido , Sanfilippo Giuseppa Luisa , Verso Maria Gabriella , Giammanco Giovanni Maurizio , Ferraro Donatella
Published: November 2023

Although the anti-COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be an effective preventive tool, “breakthrough infections” have been documented in patients with complete primary vaccination courses. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies produced after SARS-CoV-2 infection target the spike protein receptor-binding domain which has an important role in facilitating viral entry and the infection of the host cells. SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the ability to evolve by accumulating mutations in the spike protein to escape the humoral response of a host. The aim of this study was to compare the titers of neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) against the variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the sera of recovered and vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs). A total of 293 HCWs were enrolled and divided into three cohorts as follows: 91 who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection (nVP); 102 that were vaccinated and became positive after the primary cycle (VP); and 100 that were vaccinated with complete primary cycles and concluded the follow-up period without becoming positive (VN). Higher neutralization titers were observed in the vaccinated subjects’ arms compared to the nVP subjects’ arms. Differences in neutralization titers between arms for single variants were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001), except for the differences between titers against the Alpha variant in the nVP and in VP groups, which were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Within the nVP group, the number of subjects with an absence of neutralizing antibodies was high. The presence of higher titers in patients with a complete primary cycle compared to patients who had recovered from infection suggested the better efficacy of artificial immunization compared to natural immunization, and this further encourages the promotion of vaccination even in subjects with previous infections.
Development of A Standardized Opsonophagocytosis Killing Assay for Group B Streptococcus and Assessment in an Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Leung Stephanie , Collett Clare F. , Allen Lauren , Lim Suzanna , Maniatis Pete , Bolcen Shanna J. , Alston Bailey , Patel Palak Y. , Kwatra Gaurav , Hall Tom , Thomas Stephen , Taylor Stephen , Le Doare Kirsty , Gorringe Andrew
Published: November 2023

The placental transfer of antibodies that mediate bacterial clearance via phagocytes is likely important for protection against invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease. A robust functional assay is essential to determine the immune correlates of protection and assist vaccine development. Using standard reagents, we developed and optimized an opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPKA) where dilutions of test sera were incubated with bacteria, baby rabbit complement (BRC) and differentiated HL60 cells (dHL60) for 30 min. Following overnight incubation, the surviving bacteria were enumerated and the % bacterial survival was calculated relative to serum-negative controls. A reciprocal 50% killing titer was then assigned. The minimal concentrations of anti-capsular polysaccharide (CPS) IgG required for 50% killing were 1.65–3.70 ng/mL (depending on serotype). Inhibition of killing was observed using sera absorbed with homologous CPS but not heterologous CPS, indicating specificity for anti-CPS IgG. The assay performance was examined in an interlaboratory study using residual sera from CPS-conjugate vaccine trials with international partners in the Group B Streptococcus Assay STandardisatiON (GASTON) Consortium. Strong correlations of reported titers between laboratories were observed: ST-Ia r = 0.88, ST-Ib r = 0.91, ST-II r = 0.91, ST-III r = 0.90 and ST-V r = 0.94. The OPKA is an easily transferable assay with accessible standard reagents and will be a valuable tool to assess GBS-specific antibodies in natural immunity and vaccine studies.
Synthetic Drivers’ Performance Measures Related to Vehicle Dynamics to Control Road Safety in Curves
Authors: Bosurgi Gaetano , Pellegrino Orazio , Ruggeri Alessia , Sollazzo Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

The road alignment design relies on the knowledge of vehicle dynamics variables. However, it assumes that drivers faithfully follow the lane axis on straights and curves. Deviating from this assumption leads to unexpected outcomes and can significantly impact users’ safety. In this context, vehicle speed and longitudinal acceleration play a crucial role as key references in the international standards. They provide insights into critical driving aspects; therefore, it is essential to thoroughly analyze their real trends. Broad data collection campaigns should derive synthetic indicators in order to highlight eventual significant deviations between the ideal and real dynamics. To achieve this objective, the authors propose some indexes deduced during an experimental study with a Sim-Easy driving simulator, by AVSimulation. Importantly, these indicators can be freely applied in real driving scenarios without limitations. These indexes were tested on four different horizontal curves and proved effective in identifying relevant characteristics related to longitudinal acceleration and speed. Looking ahead, by analyzing similar data for numerous driving contexts on real roads, infrastructure managers could use this methodology to identify those sections with increased vulnerability for users’ safety. Moreover, the collected data from sensors, processed using these indicators, can be filtered and transmitted to users (via ADAS tools) while driving on a specific road to provide timely warnings about potential difficulties. The indicators control the physical variable (acceleration or speed) on a certain geometric element with reference to what is prescribed by the standard. For example, the acceleration indicators are normalized with respect to a threshold value while for speed indexes, the result depends on the difference between the end control points of the geometrical element. In both cases, international regulations report prescribed or recommended reference values, so the analyst is immediately aware of any critical issues in the maneuver.
Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NA-AION): A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Salvetat Maria Letizia , Pellegrini Francesco , Spadea Leopoldo , Salati Carlo , Zeppieri Marco
Published: November 2023

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) represents one of the most important causes of blindness or severely impaired vision in middle-aged and elderly people. Unilateral optic disc edema and abrupt, painless vision loss are its defining features. It is commonly assumed that NA-AION is caused by an ischemic infarction of the optic nerve head, and, although the exact pathogenesis is still unknown, several risk factors and comorbidities associated with its development have been found. NA-AION occurs generally in patients older than 50 years who have small optic discs and vasculopathy risk factors. Even though numerous treatment options have been proposed, no available effective medical or surgical therapy or prophylactic measure for NA-AION currently exists. The purpose of present-day therapeutic strategies is therefore to identify and possibly control any underlying modifiable risk factors, aiming to prevent the development of new NA-AION episodes in the affected and fellow eye. A thorough assessment of NAION, including its history, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, associated comorbidities, clinical findings, diagnostic tests, treatment choices, prognosis, and future research, is the goal of this work.
“I Don’t Feel Like There’s Enough Awareness about the Damage That Social Media Does”: A Thematic Analysis of the Relationships between Social Media Use, Mental Wellbeing, and Care Experience
Authors: Pepper Cecily , Perez Vallejos Elvira , Carter Chris James
Published: November 2023

Social media (SM) has become an unavoidable mode of communication for many young people today, leading to increasing importance in exploring its impact on mental wellbeing. This includes exploring the impact on those who may be more susceptible to developing mental health issues due to adverse childhood experiences, such as care-experienced young people. This study consisted of 22 semi-structured interviews with young people from the general population (n = 11) and care-experienced young people (n = 11). Thematic analysis revealed varying effects of SM, including positive effects such as entertainment, inspiration, and belongingness. However, other findings indicated that the design of SM is damaging for young people’s wellbeing. Age and developmental maturity appeared as key factors influencing the impact of SM on wellbeing, with the indication of further protective factors such as self-awareness, education, and certain SM design features. Specifically, care-experienced young people expressed how lived experiences of the care system can have both positive and negative effects on SM use while revealing the complex relationship between care experience, SM use, and wellbeing. These results can be used to inform SM design and policy and to provide suggestions for SM and wellbeing education among the general population and care-experienced young people.
Personalised care and support planning in Singapore: qualitative interviews with people living with diabetes
Authors: Lazarus Monica , Yew Tong Wei , Tan Wee Hian , Venkataraman Kavita , Valderas Jose Maria , Young Doris Yee Ling , Tai E Shyong , Loh Victor Weng Keong
Published: November 2023

Background

Personalised care and support planning (CSP) is a person-centred approach for the care of people living with long-term conditions. Patient Activation through Community Empowerment/Engagement for Diabetes Management (PACE-D) adapts the Year of Care Partnerships (YOCP) approach to CSP in the UK for people living with diabetes at Singapore polyclinics. Polyclinics are multi-storey primary care hubs that provide affordable, multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and high-throughput public health care for the multi-ethnic, multilingual Singapore population.

Aim

To explore the experience of PACE-D-enrolled people living with diabetes with personalised CSP at Singapore polyclinics.

Design & setting

Qualitative interviews of people living with diabetes who experienced personalised CSP at National University Polyclinics (NUP) in Singapore between July 2020 and November 2021.

Method

PACE-D-enrolled people living with diabetes who experienced personalised CSP were purposively sampled. In-depth semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Fifty-two patients participated in the study. Four main themes were identified. Theme 1 was the importance of the care-planning letter. Patients reported that the CPL prompted reflection and patient preparation for CSP conversations. Theme 2 was the role of the programme coordinator. PACE-D programme coordinators amplified self-management by playing advocate and confidant beyond administrative duties. Theme 3 was the value of the personalised CSP conversation. CSP providers were perceived as partners in care, with more time to listen compared with usual consultations. Patient engagement was affected by language confidence. Theme 4 was agency in self-management. With adequate time and support, patients increased in confidence and agency both in CSP engagement and diabetes self-management.

Conclusion

While language confidence may affect patient engagement, personalised CSP shows promise for strengthening patient engagement and self-management among people living with diabetes at Singapore polyclinics.
La mémoire de Dieu, devoir et grâce selon l'Ancien Testament. Quelques remarques à propos de la catéchèse
Authors: Martin-Achard Robert
Published: November 2023

Robert Martin-Achard, à l’aide des témoignages de M. Halter, E. Wiesel, J. Halpérin, etc, insiste dans la première partie de cet article sur le rôle qu’a joué et joue «La Mémoire de Dieu» dans la tradition juive. Sa seconde partie concerne l’utilisation de ce thème dans la Bible hébraïque, notamment dans le Deutéronome et la version sacerdotale du Pentateuque, comme dans l’emploi de substantifs tels que zékèr et zikkârôn (mémorial). La mémoire d’Israël repose en définitive sur la célébration et s’entretient grâce à elle.
Vingt-trois minutes pour un testament
Authors: Lys Daniel
Published: November 2023

Invité à un état des lieux théologiques au moment où il prend congé de sa chaire d'Ancien Testament à la Faculté de Théologie de Montpellier, Daniel Lys propose une série de thèses organisées en trois thèmes — et même quatre — centraux : une théo-anthropologie de l'Ancien Testament de poche.
Le Saint Esprit créateur, puissance de relation
Authors: Siegwalt Gérard
Published: November 2023

L’affirmation trinitaire implique une relation entre le Père, le Fils et le Saint Esprit. Gérard Siegwalt montre que l’Esprit aère et fait respirer l’homme, qu’il lui permet de se comprendre en relation avec lui-même, avec l’autre, avec le monde, avec Dieu. Cette approche engendre une conception dynamique de la première création et de la nouvelle création.
La doctrine de la création au futur antérieur
Authors: Ansaldi Jean
Published: November 2023

À partir d'une lecture critique des documents préparatoires du COE sur Justice, paix et sauvegarde de la création, Jean Ansaldi s'interroge sur le statut et le contenu de la doctrine de la création. Elle ne peut économiser le détour par l'épistémologie contemporaine. Elle se définit en fonction de la priorité logique de la doctrine du salut, pensée sous la croix.
L’échec de la première mission chrétienne au Japon (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)
Authors: Proust Jacques
Published: November 2023

L’histoire de la première évangélisation du Japon est celle d’un double malentendu, explique Jacques PROUST. Les jésuites croyaient prêcher l’évangile : ils prêchaient Aristote et le concile de Trente, ou du moins les conclusions qu’ils en avaient tirées. Les Japonais de leur côté entendirent, à tort ou à raison, que l’Europe catholique voulait les asservir. La persécution déclenchée par les premiers Tokugawa anéantit la jeune Église japonaise et le peu qu’il en resta fut coupé du monde pendant plus de deux siècles.

La persécution seule n’aurait sans doute pas suffi à éradiquer le christianisme du Japon, si la foi propagée par les jésuites avait eu des racines plus solides. En 1636 un jésuite portugais apostat met à nu, dans La Supercherie dévoilée, les fondements réels de la prédication et de la catéchèse romaines.
La Base de Paris (1855). Référence identitaire et unitaire des Unions chrétiennes de jeunes gens
Authors: Gambarotto Laurent
Published: November 2023

Les UCJG ont une longue histoire : elles comptent même parmi les tout premiers mouvements de jeunesse chrétiens du XIXe siècle et forment, aujourd’ hui encore, une vaste organisation mondiale dont la charte fondatrice fut adoptée lors de la première Conférence Générale de Paris en 1855. Laurent Gambarotto se propose de relire le texte de la Base de Paris pour analyser ses principes constitutifs et pour mettre en exergue les divers éléments, sociaux et culturels, qui ont présidé à sa genèse.
La frontière. Variations sur un thème de Paul Tillich
Authors: Gounelle André
Published: November 2023

La frontière se caractérise par ses ambivalences : elle sépare et met en communication, elle ferme et elle ouvre à Vautre, elle définit un «chez-soi» et met en contact avec un «ailleurs». A partir de ces ambivalences, André Gounelle s’ interroge sur le bon usage de la frontière.
Gnosticisme et Johannisme. Des réseaux de témoins sans Église ?
Authors: Ruff Pierre-Yves
Published: November 2023

La question des relations entre gnosticisme et johannisme est abordée par Pierre-Yves Ruff sous un angle non doctrinal, mais culturel et pratique. À la lumière de leur culture, de leur pratique communautaire et de leur conception du monde, certaines branches du gnosticisme historique apparaissent comme des développements du christianisme hellénistique, bien plus que comme des hérésies.
Histoire et théologie : une cartographie de la grâce
Authors: Bost Hubert
Published: November 2023

La théologie a besoin de l’histoire pour penser, mais l’histoire de la théologie ne saurait se limiter à répondre à cette demande. Hubert Bost montre, en prenant l’exemple de la grâce, comment l’historien est non seulement un «sherpa», mais aussi et surtout un «cartographe» dont l’ objectif est de replacer le discours théologique dans le vaste réseau de la culture et des représentations qui l’informent, le diffusent et le questionnent.
Les bâtiments d’église, une question théologique
Authors: Grellier Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Les bâtiments ecclésiaux jouent, dans le paysage urbain, un rôle symbolique qui dépasse très largement leur stricte dimension utilitaire. Ils causent aux Églises de nombreux soucis matériels, mais leur posent aussi des questions théologiques. Quelle est leur place dans l’esprit de ceux qui en sont responsables ? Quelle image donnent-ils de l’Église dans la cité ? Isabelle Grellier décline ces questions et en montre l'importance pour la définition des projets qu’animent les Églises.
Le baptême des patriarches dans les Enfers
Authors: Pérès Jacques-Noël
Published: November 2023

Se fondant sur le chapitre 27 de l’Épître des apôtres, Jacques-Noël Pérès souligne l'importance théologique du thème de la descente du Christ aux enfers. Elle est une prédication de la rédemption en Jésus-Christ , à laquelle en premier lieu est lié le baptême.