bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On magnetostrophic mean-field solutions of the geodynamo equations. Part 2
Authors: Roberts Paul H. , Wu Cheng-Chin
Published: July 2018

A dynamo driven by motions unaffected by viscous forces is termed ‘magnetostrophic’, but cannot be found through today’s numerical simulations, which require substantial viscosity to stabilize solutions of the full magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo equations. By using an alternative numerical technique, proposed by Taylor (Proc. R. Soc. Lond.A, vol. 274, 1963, pp. 274–283), we recently obtained the first magnetostrophic dynamo solutions ever derived (Wu & Roberts,Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 109, 2014, pp. 84–110). These were axisymmetric and of mean-field type. In an earlier paper (Roberts & Wu,Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., vol. 108, 2014, pp. 696–715), we proposed an extension of Taylor’s method. Here we explore its numerical implications, comparing them to the consequences of Taylor’s original proposal. One of the differences between the two approaches is that our modification retains torsional waves but Taylor’s theory does not. A more important difference is that our extension of Taylor’s method is, for reasons presented here, the most general possible that does not suffer from the limitations imposed by viscosity on today’s numerical simulations.
Black Spaces Matter
Authors: Cobb Dariel
Published: July 2018

The exhibition ‘Black Spaces Matter’, conceived by architectural historian Pamela Karimi and brought to life through extensive curatorial collaborations, presents a series of vignettes exploring the past, present, and future of New Bedford, Massachusetts, a hotbed of abolitionist activity in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and a haven for freed and escaped slaves at the end of the so-called ‘underground railroad’. Through a mix of media – objects, photographs, videos, and a virtual reality rig – the show presents a compelling picture of a vital, historic, and living African-American community that first thrived prior to the US Civil War, and its continued grassroots struggle to preserve its architectural heritage. The stories and images presented collate an important and overlooked chapter of New England architectural history, suggesting the utility of new media in historical documentation and highlighting the continued need to explore positive examples of communities of colour through the dimensions of space and place.
The Elastic Properties of Clay in Shales
Authors: Sayers Colin M. , den Boer Lennert D.
Published: July 2018

The mechanical properties of clay minerals are important in many diverse scientific disciplines, including soil mechanics, civil engineering, materials science, and petroleum exploration. Rock physics provides a link between the elastic properties of rocks and their constitutive properties such as mineralogic composition, porosity, and pore‐fluid content. To accurately characterize shales, rock physics models must account for the anisotropic properties of clay minerals. Due to more compliant regions between clay particles, the elastic stiffness of clay in shales is significantly less than that of its constituent clay minerals. In this paper, the clay in shales is modeled as anisotropic clay platelets surrounded by a softer interparticle region consisting of clay‐bound water and interparticle contacts. Inverting for the elastic properties of this interparticle region indicates that its effective bulk modulus is like that of water. However, it has a nonzero effective shear modulus that is smaller by an order of magnitude, consistent with the expected shear modulus of clay‐bound water. Owing to its simplicity and robustness, it is anticipated that this model of shales, based on the properties of clay minerals and the interparticle medium, will find use in many rock physics applications, including seismic imaging, seismic inversion, and geomechanics.
Observation of parity-time symmetry in microwave photonics
Authors: Liu Yanzhong , Hao Tengfei , Li Wei , Capmany Jose , Zhu Ninghua , Li Ming
Published: July 2018

Symmetry plays a crucial role in explorations of the laws of nature. Parity-time (PT) symmetry phenomena can lead to entirely real spectra in non-Hermitian systems, which attracts considerable attention in the fields of optics and electronics because these phenomena provide a new tool for the manipulation of oscillation modes and non-reciprocal signal transmission. A potential new field of application is microwave photonics, an interdisciplinary field in which the interaction between microwaves and optical signals is exploited. In this article, we report the experimental use of PT symmetry in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), a key microwave photonics system that can generate single-frequency sinusoidal signals with high spectral purity. PT symmetry is theoretically analyzed and experimentally observed in an OEO with two mutually coupled active oscillation cavities via a precise manipulation of the interplay between gain and loss in the two oscillation cavities. Stable single-frequency microwave oscillation is achieved without using any optical/electrical filters for oscillation mode selection, which is an indispensable requirement in traditional OEOs. This observation opens new avenues for signal generation and processing based on the PT symmetry principle in microwave photonics.
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition counteracts breast cancer-associated lung metastasis
Authors: Atlante Sandra , Visintin Alessia , Marini Elisabetta , Savoia Matteo , Dianzani Chiara , Giorgis Marta , Sürün Duran , Maione Federica , Schnütgen Frank , Farsetti Antonella , Zeiher Andreas M. , Bertinaria Massimo , Giraudo Enrico , Spallotta Francesco , Cencioni Chiara , Gaetano Carlo
Published: July 2018

Metastasis formation requires active energy production and is regulated at multiple levels by mitochondrial metabolism. The hyperactive metabolism of cancer cells supports their extreme adaptability and plasticity and facilitates resistance to common anticancer therapies. In spite the potential relevance of a metastasis metabolic control therapy, so far, limited experience is available in this direction. Here, we evaluated the effect of the recently described α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) inhibitor, (S)-2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl) amino] succinic acid (AA6), in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer 4T1 and in other human breast cancer cell lines. In all conditions, AA6 altered Krebs cycle causing intracellular α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) accumulation. Consequently, the activity of the α-KG-dependent epigenetic enzymes, including the DNA demethylation ten-eleven translocation translocation hydroxylases (TETs), was increased. In mice, AA6 injection reduced metastasis formation and increased 5hmC levels in primary tumours. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo treatment with AA6 determined an α-KG accumulation paralleled by an enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO). This epigenetically remodelled metabolic environment efficiently counteracted the initiating steps of tumour invasion inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, AA6 treatment could be linked to upregulation of the NO-sensitive anti-metastatic miRNA 200 family and down-modulation of EMT-associated transcription factor Zeb1 and its CtBP1 cofactor. This scenario led to a decrease of the matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and to an impairment of 4T1 aggressiveness. Overall, our data suggest that AA6 determines an α-KG-dependent epigenetic regulation of the TET–miR200–Zeb1/CtBP1–MMP3 axis providing an anti-metastatic effect in a mouse model of breast cancer-associated metastasis.
Cisplatin-activated PAI-1 secretion in the cancer-associated fibroblasts with paracrine effects promoting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and causing chemoresistance
Authors: Che Yun , Wang Jingnan , Li Yuan , Lu Zhiliang , Huang Jianbing , Sun Shouguo , Mao Shuangshuang , Lei Yuanyuan , Zang Ruochuan , Sun Nan , He Jie
Published: July 2018

Preoperative chemotherapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle in improving patient prognosis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the primary components of the tumor microenvironment and play a crucial role in tumor development; these cells are also potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Using protein arrays, we identified a key secreted cytokine, PAI-1, from CAFs pretreated with cisplatin that was induced after DNA damage of CAFs. The PAI-1 in the tumor microenvironment promoted tumor growth and attenuated the effects of cisplatin treatment. Extracellular PAI-1 activated the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and inhibited caspase-3 activity and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Tiplaxtinin as a PAI-1 inhibitor could play synergistic effects with cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. In clinical samples, ESCC patients with high expression of PAI-1 in CAFs presented a significantly worse progression-free survival. Taken together, our results showed that PAI-1 secreted from cisplatin-activated CAFs promoted tumor growth and reduced the effects of cisplatin in a paracrine manner, establishing a preclinical rationale to target this cytokine to further improve the clinical response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Co-expression of CD39 and CD103 identifies tumor-reactive CD8 T cells in human solid tumors
Authors: Duhen Thomas , Duhen Rebekka , Montler Ryan , Moses Jake , Moudgil Tarsem , de Miranda Noel F. , Goodall Cheri P. , Blair Tiffany C. , Fox Bernard A. , McDermott Jason E. , Chang Shu-Ching , Grunkemeier Gary , Leidner Rom , Bell Richard Bryan , Weinberg Andrew D.
Published: July 2018

Identifying tumor antigen-specific T cells from cancer patients has important implications for immunotherapy diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, we show that CD103+CD39+ tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells (CD8 TIL) are enriched for tumor-reactive cells both in primary and metastatic tumors. This CD8 TIL subset is found across six different malignancies and displays an exhausted tissue-resident memory phenotype. CD103+CD39+ CD8 TILs have a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, with T-cell clones expanded in the tumor but present at low frequencies in the periphery. CD103+CD39+ CD8 TILs also efficiently kill autologous tumor cells in a MHC-class I-dependent manner. Finally, higher frequencies of CD103+CD39+ CD8 TILs in patients with head and neck cancer are associated with better overall survival. Our data thus describe an approach for detecting tumor-reactive CD8 TILs that will help define mechanisms of existing immunotherapy treatments, and may lead to future adoptive T-cell cancer therapies.
Author Correction: Next generation histology methods for three-dimensional imaging of fresh and archival human brain tissues
Authors: Lai Hei Ming , Liu Alan King Lun , Ng Harry Ho Man , Goldfinger Marc H. , Chau Tsz Wing , DeFelice John , Tilley Bension S. , Wong Wai Man , Wu Wutian , Gentleman Steve M.
Published: July 2018

In the original version of this Article, the concentration of boric acid buffer for the SDS clearing solution was given incorrectly as ‘1 M sodium borate’ and should have read ‘0.2 M boric acid’. Also, the composition of PBST incorrectly read ‘1% Triton X-100 (vol/vol) and 0.1% sodium azide (wt/vol)’ and should have read ‘0.1% Triton X-100 (vol/vol) and 0.01% sodium azide (wt/vol)’. Further, the pH of the OPTIClear solution was not stated, and should have read ‘with a pH between 7 to 8 adjusted with hydrochloric acid’. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A new Middle Jurassic diplodocoid suggests an earlier dispersal and diversification of sauropod dinosaurs
Authors: Xu Xing , Upchurch Paul , Mannion Philip D. , Barrett Paul M. , Regalado-Fernandez Omar R. , Mo Jinyou , Ma Jinfu , Liu Hongan
Published: July 2018

The fragmentation of the supercontinent Pangaea has been suggested to have had a profound impact on Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrate distributions. One current paradigm is that geographic isolation produced an endemic biota in East Asia during the Jurassic, while simultaneously preventing diplodocoid sauropod dinosaurs and several other tetrapod groups from reaching this region. Here we report the discovery of the earliest diplodocoid, and the first from East Asia, to our knowledge, based on fossil material comprising multiple individuals and most parts of the skeleton of an early Middle Jurassic dicraeosaurid. The new discovery challenges conventional biogeographical ideas, and suggests that dispersal into East Asia occurred much earlier than expected. Moreover, the age of this new taxon indicates that many advanced sauropod lineages originated at least 15 million years earlier than previously realised, achieving a global distribution while Pangaea was still a coherent landmass.
Author Correction: HuR regulates telomerase activity through TERC methylation
Authors: Tang Hao , Wang Hu , Cheng Xiaolei , Fan Xiuqin , Yang Fan , Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Yanlian , Tian Yuyang , Liu Cihang , Shao Dongxing , Jiang Bin , Dou Yali , Cong Yusheng , Xing Junyue , Zhang Xiaotian , Yi Xia , Songyang Zhou , Ma Wenbin , Zhao Yong , Wang Xian , Ma Jinbiao , Gorospe Myriam , Ju Zhenyu , Wang Wengong
Published: July 2018

In the original version of this Article, the affiliation details for Fan Yang were incorrectly given as ‘Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China’ and ‘Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany’. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
SUMO2 conjugation of PCNA facilitates chromatin remodeling to resolve transcription-replication conflicts
Authors: Li Min , Xu Xiaohua , Chang Chou-Wei , Zheng Li , Shen Binghui , Liu Yilun
Published: July 2018

During DNA synthesis, DNA replication and transcription machinery can collide, and the replication fork may temporarily dislodge RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to resolve the transcription-replication conflict (TRC), a major source of endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and common fragile site (CFS) instability. However, the mechanism of TRC resolution remains unclear. Here, we show that conjugation of SUMO2, but not SUMO1 or SUMO3, to the essential replication factor PCNA is induced on transcribed chromatin by the RNAPII-bound helicase RECQ5. Proteomic analysis reveals that SUMO2-PCNA enriches histone chaperones CAF1 and FACT in the replication complex via interactions with their SUMO-interacting motifs. SUMO2-PCNA enhances CAF1-dependent histone deposition, which correlates with increased histone H3.1 at CFSs and repressive histone marks in the chromatin to reduce chromatin accessibility. Hence, SUMO2-PCNA dislodges RNAPII at CFSs, and overexpressing either SUMO2-PCNA or CAF1 reduces the incidence of DSBs in TRC-prone RECQ5-deficient cells.
Effects of BNN27, a novel C17-spiroepoxy steroid derivative, on experimental retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor cell death
Authors: Tsoka Pavlina , Matsumoto Hidetaka , Maidana Daniel E. , Kataoka Keiko , Naoumidi Irene , Gravanis Achille , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K.
Published: July 2018

Retinal detachment (RD) leads to photoreceptor cell death secondary to the physical separation of the retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Intensifying photoreceptor survival in the detached retina could be remarkably favorable for many retinopathies in which RD can be seen. BNN27, a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable, C17-spiroepoxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has shown promising neuroprotective activity through interaction with nerve growth factor receptors, TrkA and p75NTR. Here, we administered BNN27 systemically in a murine model of RD. TUNEL+photoreceptors were significantly decreased 24 hours post injury after a single administration of 200 mg/kg BNN27. Furthermore, BNN27 increased inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as, two markers of gliosis 24 hours post RD. However, single or multiple doses of BNN27 were not able to protect the overall survival of photoreceptors 7 days post injury. Additionally, BNN27 did not induce the activation/phosphorylation of TrkAY490in the detached retina although the mRNA levels of the receptor were increased in the photoreceptors post injury. Together, these findings, do not demonstrate neuroprotective activity of BNN27 in experimentally-induced RD. Further studies are needed in order to elucidate the paradox/contradiction of these results and the mechanism of action of BNN27 in this model of photoreceptor cell damage.
Twinning-induced strain hardening in dual-phase FeCoCrNiAl0.5 at room and cryogenic temperature
Authors: Bönisch M. , Wu Y. , Sehitoglu H.
Published: July 2018

A face-centered-cubic (fcc) oriented FeCoCrNiAl0.5 dual-phase high entropy alloy (HEA) was plastically strained in uniaxial compression at 77K and 293K and the underlying deformation mechanisms were studied. The undeformed microstructure consists of a body-centered-cubic (bcc)/B2 interdendritic network and precipitates embedded in 〈001〉-oriented fcc dendrites. In contrast to other dual-phase HEAs, at both deformation temperatures a steep rise in the stress-strain curves occurs above 23% total axial strain. As a result, the hardening rate associated saturates at the unusual high value of ~6 GPa. Analysis of the strain partitioning between fcc and bcc/B2 by digital image correlation shows that the fcc component carries the larger part of the plastic strain. Further, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy evidence ample fcc deformation twinning both at 77K and 293K, while slip activity only is found in the bcc/B2. These results may guide future advancements in the design of novel alloys with superior toughening characteristics.
VHL inactivation without hypoxia is sufficient to achieve genome hypermethylation
Authors: Artemov Artem V. , Zhigalova Nadezhda , Zhenilo Svetlana , Mazur Alexander M. , Prokhortchouk Egor B.
Published: July 2018

VHL inactivation is a key oncogenic event for renal carcinomas. In normoxia, VHL suppresses HIF1a-mediated transcriptional response, which is characteristic to hypoxia. It has previously been shown that hypoxic conditions inhibit TET-dependent hydroxymethylation of cytosines and cause DNA hypermethylation at gene promoters. In this work, we performed VHL inactivation by CRISPR/Cas9 and studied its effects on gene expression and DNA methylation. We showed that even without hypoxia, VHL inactivation leads to hypermethylation of the genome. Hypermethylated cytosines were evenly distributed throughout the genome with a slight preference for AP-1 (JUN and FOS) binding sites. Hypermethylated cytosines tended to be enriched within the binding sites of transcription factors that showed increased gene expression after VHL inactivation. We also observed promoter hypermethylation associated with decreased gene expression for several regulators of transcription and DNA methylation including SALL3.
Keystone Arctic paleoceanographic proxy association with putative methanotrophic bacteria
Authors: Bernhard Joan M. , Panieri Giuliana
Published: July 2018

Foraminifera in sediments exposed to gas-hydrate dissociation are not expected to have cellular adaptations that facilitate inhabitation of chemosynthesis-based ecosystems because, to date, there are no known endemic seep foraminifera. To establish if foraminifera inhabit sediments impacted by gas-hydrate dissociation, we examined the cellular ultrastructure of Melonis barleeanus (Williamson, 1858) from the Vestnesa gas hydrate province (Arctic Ocean, west of Svalbard at ~79 °N; ~1200-m depth; n = 4). From sediments with gas hydrate indicators, living M. barleeanus had unusual pore plugs composed of a thick, fibrous meshwork; mitochondria were concentrated at the cell periphery, under pore plugs. While there was no evidence of endosymbioses with prokaryotes, most M. barleeanus specimens were associated with what appear to be Type I methanotrophic bacteria. One foraminifer had a particularly large bolus of these microbes concentrated near its aperture. This is the first documented instance of bona fide living M. barleeanus in gas-hydrate sediments and first documentation of a foraminifer living in close association with putative methanotrophs. Our observations have implications to paleoclimate records utilizing this foundational foraminiferal species.
Sustainable Syntheses of (−)-Jerantinines A & E and Structural Characterisation of the Jerantinine-Tubulin Complex at the Colchicine Binding Site
Authors: Smedley Christopher J. , Stanley Paul A. , Qazzaz Mohannad E. , Prota Andrea E. , Olieric Natacha , Collins Hilary , Eastman Harry , Barrow Andrew S. , Lim Kuan-Hon , Kam Toh-Seok , Smith Brian J. , Duivenvoorden Hendrika M. , Parker Belinda S. , Bradshaw Tracey D. , Steinmetz Michel O. , Moses John E.
Published: July 2018

The jerantinine family of Aspidosperma indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa are potent microtubule-targeting agents with broad spectrum anticancer activity. The natural supply of these precious metabolites has been significantly disrupted due to the inclusion of T. corymbosa on the endangered list of threatened species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This report describes the asymmetric syntheses of (−)-jerantinines A and E from sustainably sourced (−)-tabersonine, using a straight-forward and robust biomimetic approach. Biological investigations of synthetic (−)-jerantinine A, along with molecular modelling and X-ray crystallography studies of the tubulin—(−)-jerantinine B acetate complex, advocate an anticancer mode of action of the jerantinines operating via microtubule disruption resulting from binding at the colchicine site. This work lays the foundation for accessing useful quantities of enantiomerically pure jerantinine alkaloids for future development.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fibulin-3 knockdown inhibits cervical cancer cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Juan , Qi Chen , Liu Xia , Li Changzhong , Chen Jie , Shi Min
Published: July 2018

To explore the function of fibulin-3 in cervical carcinoma malignant cell growth and metastasis, fibulin-3 expression in normal cervical tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and cervical carcinoma were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were performed to assess the expression of fibulin-3 at mRNA and protein levels in different invasive clone sublines. Fibulin-3 shRNA and fibulin-3 cDNA were used to transfect the strongly and weakly invasive clone sublines. Using in vitro and in vivo functional assays, we investigated the effects of down-regulating and up-regulating fibulin-3 expression on the proliferation and invasion of different clone sublines. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its signaling pathways PI3K/AKT and ERK were studied carefully in lentiviral transfection systems. Fibulin-3 was upregulated in cervical carcinoma, and its overexpression was significantly related with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of cervical carcinoma. Fibulin-3 promoted cervical cancer cell invasive capabilities by eliciting EMT and activating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signal transduction pathway. Fibulin-3 could facilitate the process of cervical cancer development. The results presented here will help develop novel prognostic factors and possible therapeutic options for patients with cervical cancer.
Comparative genomics and genotype-phenotype associations in Bifidobacterium breve
Authors: Bottacini Francesca , Morrissey Ruth , Esteban-Torres Maria , James Kieran , van Breen Justin , Dikareva Evgenia , Egan Muireann , Lambert Jolanda , van Limpt Kees , Knol Jan , O’Connell Motherway Mary , van Sinderen Douwe
Published: July 2018

Bifidobacteria are common members of the gastro-intestinal microbiota of a broad range of animal hosts. Their successful adaptation to this particular niche is linked to their saccharolytic metabolism, which is supported by a wide range of glycosyl hydrolases. In the current study a large-scale gene-trait matching (GTM) effort was performed to explore glycan degradation capabilities in B. breve. By correlating the presence/absence of genes and associated genomic clusters with growth/no-growth patterns across a dataset of 20 Bifidobacterium breve strains and nearly 80 different potential growth substrates, we not only validated the approach for a number of previously characterized carbohydrate utilization clusters, but we were also able to discover novel genetic clusters linked to the metabolism of salicin and sucrose. Using GTM, genetic associations were also established for antibiotic resistance and exopolysaccharide production, thereby identifying (novel) bifidobacterial antibiotic resistance markers and showing that the GTM approach is applicable to a variety of phenotypes. Overall, the GTM findings clearly expand our knowledge on members of the B. breve species, in particular how their variable genetic features can be linked to specific phenotypes.
Investigation of Wolbachia spp. and Spiroplasma spp. in Phlebotomus species by molecular methods
Authors: Karatepe Bilge , Aksoy Serap , Karatepe Mustafa
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the presence ofWolbachiaspp. andSpiroplasmaspp. in natural populations of sand flies in Turkey by molecular methods. A total of 40Phlebotomusspecimens (19 female and 21 male) were used in this study. Genomic DNA from whole sand flies was isolated andWolbachiaspp. infection prevalence was investigated by usingWolbachiagene specific primer sets (wspandGroEL). In addition, the DNA were analyzed for the presence ofSpiroplasmainfections utilizing bacterium specific 16 S rDNA PCR-amplification primers. Results of this analysis showed aWolbachiainfection prevalence of 70% (28/40). There was no sex-bias in infection prevalence, being 76% (16/21) and 63% (12/19) in males and females, respectively. Analysis ofSpiroplasmainfections indicated that 26% (5/19) of female sand flies were positive for infection, while none of the screened males (0/21) were positive. Of the 40 sand fly samples, only 2 were found to be positive for bothWolbachia spp. andSpiroplasma spp. The present study demonstrates the presence ofWolbachiaandSpiroplasmainfections in the natural sand fly populations in Turkey. This is the first report onSpiroplasmainfection in the sand flies from Turkey.
Enzyme-responsive Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Secret Emilie , Andrew Jennifer S.
Published: July 2018

One major challenge in the pharmaceutical industry is how to deliver drugs locally and specifically to a target area. One way to accomplish this is to develop drug delivery vehicles that respond to biomarkers or other cues that are indicative of a disease state. Over the past several years, enzymes have become key targets for bio-recognition due to their role in both healthy and diseased tissues. This has led to the development of drug delivery vehicles that release their cargo via either carrier degradation, shape change, or bond cleavage due to enzymes over-expressed at the disease site. This chapter will focus on the use of both oxidoreductases and hydrolases as triggers for enzyme-responsive drug delivery systems.
Structures of FEC-containing electrolytes and the stabilization mechanism at high voltage and elevated temperature
Authors: Wang Yamin , Li Debing , Yu Xiaoying , Shang Chao , Liu Yingchun , Wang Qi
Published: July 2018

The performance of lithium-ion batteries is strongly dependent on the properties of electrolytes.
A renewable test strip combined with solid-state ratiometric fluorescence emission spectra for the highly selective and fast determination of hydrazine gas
Authors: Wang Yang , Xiang Hongkun , Zhao Rongrong , Huang Chusen
Published: July 2018

We developed a new technique combining a renewable test strip and solid-state ratiometric fluorescence readout for the fast capture and quantification of N2H4 gas.
Evidence for the synthesis of an unusual high spin (S= 7/2) [Cu–3Fe–4S] cluster in the radical-SAM enzyme RSAD2 (viperin)
Authors: Honarmand Ebrahimi K. , Silveira C. , Todorovic S.
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate the synthesis of an unusual high spin [Cu–3Fe–4S] cluster in the radicalS-adenosylmethionine enzyme RSAD2 (also known as viperin).
Unexpectedly efficient SO2 capture and conversion to sulfur in novel imidazole-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Zhao Tianxiang , Liang Jian , Zhang Yating , Wu Youting , Hu Xingbang
Published: July 2018

An innovative strategy for sustainable SO2 capture and conversion in imidazole-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is demonstrated for the first time.
Maltodextrin recognition by a macrocyclic synthetic lectin
Authors: Stewart Patrick , Renney Charles M. , Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Ferheen Sadia , Davis Anthony P.
Published: July 2018

This carbohydrate receptor achieves high affinities in water and shows an unusual preference for α-linked maltodextrins.
Defect evolution in AlN templates on PVD-AlN/sapphire substrates by thermal annealing
Authors: Ben Jianwei , Sun Xiaojuan , Jia Yuping , Jiang Ke , Shi Zhiming , Liu Henan , Wang Yong , Kai Cuihong , Wu You , Li Dabing
Published: July 2018

In this work, we studied the mechanism of defects evolution in AlN templates on PVD-AlN/sapphire substrates by thermal annealing.
A novel organic electrochromic device with hybrid capacitor architecture towards multicolour representation
Authors: Liang Zhuang , Yukikawa Masahiro , Nakamura Kazuki , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: July 2018

A multicolour novel electrochromic device containing both anodic and cathodic EC materials was fabricated with the simple hybrid capacitor architecture.
Macromolecular crowding and the importance of proper hydration for the structure and dynamics of protein solutions
Authors: Honegger Philipp , Schmollngruber Michael , Steinhauser Othmar
Published: July 2018

Extensive computational studies of ubiquitin crowding with a special focus on protein hydration directly visible in dielectric spectra.
Photoinduced charge transfer by one and two-photon absorptions: physical mechanisms and applications
Authors: Zong Huan , Wang Xinxin , Quan Jun , Tian Chunhua , Sun Mengtao
Published: July 2018

We review photoinduced charge transfer in organic solar cells without and with an external electric field and then we introduce the visualization methods of the transition density, charge difference density and transition density matrix for the analysis of the photoinduced charge transfer in a neutral system and a charged system excited by one-photon and two-photon absorption.
Activation of Kagome lattice-structured Cu3V2O7(OH)2·2H2O volborthite via hydrothermal crystallization for boosting visible light-driven water oxidation
Authors: Wang Ping , Yang Hengyan , Wang Ding , Chen AiYing , Dai Wei-Lin , Zhao Xianglong , Yang Junhe , Wang Xianying
Published: July 2018

A facile hydrothermal crystallization procedure for activating the photocatalytic reactivities of volborthite mineral for water oxidation and high-concentration dye removal.
A theoretical insight into an isentropic strategy for enhancing magnetoelectric coupling of organic multiferroics
Authors: Ding L. J. , Zhong Y.
Published: July 2018

The isentropic magnetoelectric coupling is dramatically enhanced within a temperature mediated mechanism and moderate fields around room-temperature.
Work function: a determining factor of the photodegradation rate of methyl orangeviahollow octadecahedron Cu2O crystals
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liao Shaowei , Wu Wenjun , Li Hui , Ren Tianrui
Published: July 2018

Herein, the work function serves as a crucial factor for controlling the photodegradation efficiency of methyl orangeviahollow octadecahedron Cu2O crystals.
Carbon dioxide splitting using an electro-thermochemical hybrid looping strategy
Authors: Luc Wesley , Jouny Matthew , Rosen Jonathan , Jiao Feng
Published: July 2018

Reclaiming oxygen (O2) efficiently from carbon dioxide (CO2), a major product of human metabolism, is a key technology to minimize the oxygen supply required for challenging missions such as manned deep space exploration.
Current status and perspectives on anaerobic co-digestion and associated downstream processes
Authors: Xie Sihuang , Higgins Matthew J. , Bustamante Heriberto , Galway Brendan , Nghiem Long D.
Published: July 2018

Anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) has the potential to utilise spare digestion capacity at existing wastewater treatment plants to simultaneously enhance biogas production by digesting organic rich industrial waste and achieve sustainable organic waste management.
Storage conditions modulate the metabolomic profile of a black raspberry nectar with minimal impact on bioactivity
Authors: Teegarden Matthew D. , Knobloch Thomas J. , Weghorst Christopher M. , Cooperstone Jessica L. , Peterson Devin G.
Published: July 2018

Untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS metabolomics demonstrated large chemical variation was introduced by storage, though minimal change in anti-proliferative activity of these stored extracts to premalignant oral epithelial cells was observed.
Magnetically retrievable nanocomposite adorned with Pd nanocatalysts: efficient reduction of nitroaromatics in aqueous media
Authors: Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Hong Kootak , Lee Tae Hyung , Moon Cheon Woo , Hong Seung Pyo , Zhang Kaiqiang , Suh Jun Min , Choi Kyoung Soon , Varma Rajender S. , Jang Ho Won
Published: July 2018

Herein, we describe the fabrication of a magnetically retrievable nanocomposite adorned with highly active Pd nanoparticles (NPs) (MRN-Pd), which is useful for the efficient reduction of nitroaromatics in aqueous solution.
Transition-metal-free conversion of lignin model compounds to high-value aromatics: scope and chemoselectivity
Authors: Lee Tae Woo , Yang Jung Woon
Published: July 2018

A simple transition-metal-free base-promoted oxidative dehomologation of dilignol model compounds to the corresponding aromatic alcohols and acids was demonstrated.
Enhanced magnetic microcytometer with 3D flow focusing for cell enumeration
Authors: Chícharo Alexandre , Martins Marco , Barnsley Lester C. , Taouallah Amal , Fernandes João , Silva Bruno F. B. , Cardoso Susana , Diéguez Lorena , Espiña Begoña , Freitas Paulo P.
Published: July 2018

Miniaturized magnetic cytometer featuring an adaptable lateral and vertical hydrodynamic focusing which increases cell detection of magnetically labeled cells.
Stereoselective synthesis of carbohydrate fused pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones as anticancer agents
Authors: Kumari Priti , Gupta Sonal , Narayana Chintam , Ahmad Shakeel , Vishnoi Nidhi , Singh Shailja , Sagar Ram
Published: July 2018

Efficient synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]pyranones motif as fused carbohybrids and their anticancer activities reported.
High-performance thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane fabricated on low-cost PVB/PVC substrate
Authors: Zheng Ke , Zhou Shaoqi , Zhou Xuan
Published: July 2018

The incorporation of the PVB significantly improved the performance of the PVB/PVC substrates based thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane.
Facile synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles for improved formaldehyde detection
Authors: Yang Tianye , Zhu Mingming , Gu Kuikun , Zhai Chengbo , Zhao Qi , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: July 2018

SnO2 nanoparticles are synthesized using a facile method and exhibit a high response and fast response/recovery speeds towards formaldehyde.
Preparation of a microwave-responsive hollow-mesoporous Fe3O4/nGO composite for on-demand controllable drug release
Authors: Bu Yumei , Cui Bin , Chen Ping , Yang Zhenfeng
Published: July 2018

This study reports the preparation of a carrier that has a simple composition but also multifunctional properties of targeted and efficient drug loading that can be controlled with microwaves.
A catalytic asymmetric interrupted Nazarov-type cyclization of 2-indolylmethanols with cyclic enaminones
Authors: Wu Jia-Le , Wang Cong-Shuai , Wang Jin-Rong , Mei Guang-Jian , Shi Feng
Published: July 2018

A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric interrupted Nazarov-type cyclization of C3-alkenyl-substituted 2-indolylmethanols has been established by using cyclic enaminones as nucleophiles.
Preparation of macroporous scaffolds with holes in pore walls and pressure driven flows through them
Authors: Chatterjee Soumyajyoti , Potdar Aditi , Kuhn Simon , Kumaraswamy Guruswamy
Published: July 2018

Controlling the pore architecture in macroporous scaffolds has important implications for their use as reactor packings and as catalyst supports.
Toward high production of graphene flakes – a review on recent developments in their synthesis methods and scalability
Authors: Kairi Muhammad Izhar , Dayou Sebastian , Kairi Nurul Izni , Bakar Suriani Abu , Vigolo Brigitte , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: July 2018

Graphene flakes, one of the most popular form of graphene, can be used for many applications. Their synthesis is in the path to reach the large-scale production if the cost of production is further improved.
Curving effects of concave dodecahedral nanocarbons enable enhanced Li-ion storage
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Yaru , Dong Jinyang , Ye Tao , Hao Jianmin , Yang Yijun , Jiang Xiangfen , Kang Xiaohong , Bando Yoshio , Wang Xi
Published: July 2018

Concave dodecahedral nanocarbons with highly curving concave faces and protuberant vertexes exhibit high specific capacity and superior cycle stability.
Ni and Se co-doping increases the power factor and thermoelectric performance of CoSbS
Authors: You Yonghui , Su Xianli , Hao Shiqiang , Liu Wei , Yan Yonggao , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Min , Wolverton Chris , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Tang Xinfeng
Published: July 2018

Ni and Se co-doping increases the DOS effective mass and softens the chemical bonding, resulting in the highest ZT ∼ 0.58, 222% improvement over that of CoSbS.
Orthogonal click reactions enable the synthesis of ECM-mimetic PEG hydrogels without multi-arm precursors
Authors: Jivan Faraz , Fabela Natalia , Davis Zachary , Alge Daniel L.
Published: July 2018

A two-step, click chemistry approach to create user-defined hydrogels consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) and bioactive peptides without the use of multi-arm precursors for tissue engineering.
Piezoactive amino acid derivatives containing fragments of planar-chiral ortho-carboranes
Authors: Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Nuraeva Alla S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Levit Galina L. , Zelenovskiy Pavel S. , Shur Vladimir Ya. , Krasnov Victor P.
Published: July 2018

Compounds possessing a high piezoelectric activity have been found among enantio pure ortho-carboranyl derivatives of amino acids.
The stellar mass function of galaxies in Planck-selected clusters at 0.5 < z < 0.7: new constraints on the timescale and location of satellite quenching
Authors: van der Burg Remco F. J. , McGee Sean , Aussel Hervé , Dahle Håkon , Arnaud Monique , Pratt Gabriel W. , Muzzin Adam
Published: July 2018

We study the abundance of star-forming and quiescent galaxies in a sample of 21 clusters at 0.5 <  z <  0.7, detected with the Planck satellite. Thanks to the large volume probed by Planck, these systems are extremely massive, and provide an excellent laboratory to study any environmental effects on their galaxies’ properties. We measure the cluster galaxy stellar mass function (SMF), which is a fundamental observable to study and constrain the formation and evolution of galaxies. Our measurements are based on homogeneous and deep multi-band photometry spanning from the u- to the Ks-band for each cluster and are supported by spectroscopic data from different programs. The galaxy population is separated into quiescent and star-forming galaxies based on their rest-frame U−V and V−J colours. The SMF is compared to that of field galaxies at the same redshifts using data from the COSMOS/UltraVISTA survey. We find that the shape of the SMF of star-forming galaxies does not depend on environment, while the SMF of quiescent galaxies has a significantly steeper low-mass slope in the clusters compared to the field. This indicates that a different quenching mechanism is at play in clusters compared to the field, accentuated by a quenched fraction that is much higher in the clusters. We estimate the environmental quenching efficiency (fEQ), that is, the probability for a galaxy that would normally be star forming in the field to be quenched due to its environment. The fEQ shows no stellar-mass dependence in any environment, but it increases from 40% in the cluster outskirts to ∼90% in the cluster centres. The radial signature of fEQ provides constraints on where the dominant quenching mechanism operates in these clusters and on what timescale. Exploring these using a simple model based on galaxy orbits obtained from an N-body simulation, we find a clear degeneracy between both parameters. For example, the quenching process may either be triggered on a long (∼3 Gyr) timescale at large radii (r  ∼  8 R500), or happen well within 1 Gyr at r <  R500. The radius where quenching is triggered is at least rquench >  0.67 R500 (95%CL). The ICM density at this location (as probed with XMM-Newton) suggests that ram-pressure stripping of the cold gas is a likely cause of quenching. In addition to this cluster-quenching mechanism, we find that 20–32%, depending on the cluster-specific quenching process, of accreted galaxies were already pre-processed (i.e. quenched by the surrounding overdensities) before they fell into the clusters.
Akute Kehlkopfentzündung
Authors: Nawka Tadeus
Published: July 2018

Durch die akute Laryngitis wird die Stimme heiser und ist in ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit herabgesetzt. Stimmruhe ist die sicherste Methode, Folgeschäden durch
weitere Belastung zu vermeiden.
Cuxhaven „exportiert“ psychosomatisches Fachwissen nach Kuba
Authors: Timmermann Jochen
Published: July 2018

Cuxhaven/Santiago de Cuba, 28.02.18 – Erstmals fand vom 7. bis 10. Februar in Santiago de Cuba ein Kongress für Psychosomatische Medizin statt. 130 registrierte Teilnehmer verschiedener medizinischer Fachrichtungen besuchten die Veranstaltung und reisten bspw. auch aus Mexiko an. Mitinitiator Jochen Timmermann, Gründer und ärztlicher Leiter des MVZ Timmermann und Partner in Cuxhaven, stellte mit seinen Kolleginnen Carolin Baucke und Maria Hurtado seinen ganzheitlichen, bio-psycho-sozialen Therapieansatz vor. Regelmäßige Balint-Arbeitsgruppen tragen hierbei maßgeblich zum ganzheitlichen Verständnis und entsprechend integrierter Behandlung der Patienten bei. Gleich im Anschluss an den Kongress starteten zunächst 24 in persönlichen Interviews ausgewählte kubanische Ärzte ihre Ausbildung in psychosomatischer Grundversorgung.
Accelerometry-Derived Relative Exercise Intensities in Elite Women’s Basketball
Authors: Staunton Craig , Wundersitz Daniel , Gordon Brett , Kingsley Michael
Published: July 2018

This study assessed accelerometry-derived relative exercise intensity during elite women’s basketball match play. The influence of player position/role and match period on relative exercise intensities was evaluated. Ten basketballers wore accelerometers during a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and 18 competitive matches. Relative exercise intensity was quantified using predicted oxygen consumption reserve determined using correlations from Yo-Yo-IR1. Total time, bout frequency and bout duration were calculated in seven intensity zones and compared between quarters, positions (back-court vs. front-court) and roles (starters vs. bench). Back-court players spent 6.0±1.9% more match time performing supramaximal activity when compared to front-court players (p<0.045). Back-court players experienced more supramaximal bouts (125±37 vs. 52±36; p=0.031) of greater average duration (2.1±0.4 vs. 1.4±0.2 s; p=0.021) and maximum duration (7±2 vs. 3±1 s; p=0.020). More sedentary to very light activity was observed in the 2nd and 4th quarters compared to the 1st and 3rd quarters (p<0.05). Despite reduced playing time, bench players performed similar amounts of maximal and supramaximal exercise when compared to starters (p≥0.279). Player position, role and match periods influence the demands of women’s basketball; these factors should be considered when designing match-specific conditioning programs.
Der ThemenCheck Medizin: Bürgerorientierung bei der Themensammlung und der Themenauswahl für HTA-Berichte
Authors: Siering Ulrich , Thys Sarah , Altenhofen Lutz
Published: July 2018

Hintergrund Die Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit an der Themensammlung und Themenauswahl für Health Technology Assessments (HTA) ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung dafür, dass HTA-Berichte zu Fragestellungen erstellt werden, die für Patientinnen und Patienten tatsächlich relevant sind. Mit dem § 139b Absatz 5 Sozialgesetzbuch V hat der Gesetzgeber die Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen, dass die Öffentlichkeit beim Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen (IQWiG) Themen für HTA-Berichte vorschlagen können.

Ziel der Arbeit Wie wird der gesetzliche Auftrag für den Einbezug von Patientinnen und Patienten sowie Bürgerinnen und Bürger in die Themensammlung und Themenauswahl für HTA-Berichte im ThemenCheck Medizin des IQWiG umgesetzt?

Themensammlung und Auswahl der Themen Themenvorschläge für HTA-Berichte können von allen interessierten Einzelpersonen über ein einfach gestaltetes Eingabeformular auf der Website des ThemenCheck Medizin eingereicht werden. Bei Unklarheiten zur HTA-Fragestellung erfolgt eine Rücksprache des IQWiG mit der oder dem Vorschlagenden. Basierend auf einer inhaltlichen Aufbereitung des Themas nominiert ein mit Bürgerinnen und Bürgern sowie Patientenvertreterinnen und -vertretern besetzter Auswahlbeirat 15 patientenrelevante Themen, die für die Erstellung eines HTA-Berichts geeignet sind. Aus diesen Themen wählt das IQWiG 4–6 Themen aus, zu denen HTA-Berichte erstellt werden.

Erfahrungen mit der Umsetzung der Themensammlung und Themenauswahl In den ersten beiden Auswahlzyklen (Juli 2016–Juli 2017) wurden für die HTA-Berichte 57 Themenvorschläge aus einem großen Themenspektrum eingereicht. Vom Auswahlbeirat wurden Ende 2016 und Ende 2017 jeweils 15 patientenrelevante und für HTA-Berichte geeignete Themen nominiert. Anfang 2017 wurden vom IQWiG 5, Anfang 2018 weitere 4 Themen für die Erstellung von HTA-Berichten ausgewählt. Die Aufbereitung der Themen und der Auswahlprozess wurden vom Auswahlbeirat überwiegend positiv beurteilt.

Schlußfolgerung Durch das einfach gestaltete Eingabeformular und die Nominierung der Themen durch den Auswahlbeirat konnte beim ThemenCheck Medizin ein hohes Maß an Partizipation an der Themensammlung und Themenauswahl erreicht werden. Wichtig für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung war darüber hinaus die politische Unterstützung durch den Gesetzgeber, die Auswahl geeigneter Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer für den Auswahlbeirat und deren Unterstützung bei der Themenauswahl. Künftig wird zu prüfen sein, wie die Forderung nach einer größeren Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit sowie von Patienteninnen und Patienten auch bei der Erstellung von HTA-Berichten umgesetzt werden kann.