bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-expression network analysis identifies gonad- and embryo-associated protein modules in the sentinel species Gammarus fossarum
Authors: Degli Esposti Davide , Almunia Christine , Guery Marc-Antoine , Koenig Natacha , Armengaud Jean , Chaumot Arnaud , Geffard Olivier
Published: May 2019

Next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have recently expanded the availability of whole transcriptomes and proteomes beyond classical model organisms in molecular biology, even in absence of an annotated genome. However, the fragmented nature of transcriptomic and proteomic data reduces the ability to interpret the data, notably in non-model organisms. Network-based approaches may help extracting important biological information from -omics datasets. The reproductive cycle of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum.provides an excellent case study to test the relevance of a network analysis in non-model organisms. Here, we illustrated how the use of a co-expression network analysis (based on Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis algorithm, WGCNA) allowed identifying protein modules whose expression profiles described germ cell maturation and embryonic development in the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Proteome datasets included testes, ovaries or embryos samples at different maturation or developmental stages, respectively. We identified an embryonic module correlated with mid-developmental stages corresponding to the organogenesis and it was characterized by enrichment in proteins involved in RNA editing and splicing. An ovarian module was enriched in vitellogenin-like proteins and clottable proteins, confirming the diversity of proteins belonging to the large lipid transfer family involved in oocytes maturations in this freshwater amphipod. Moreover, our results found evidence of a fine-tuned regulation between energy production by glycolysis and actin-myosin-dependent events in G. fossarum spermatogenesis. This study illustrates the importance of applying systems biology approaches to emergent animal models to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating important physiological events with ecological relevance.
Thermoelectric properties enhancement of p-type composite films using wood-based binder and mechanical pressing
Authors: Jang Eunhwa , Poosapati Aswani , Jang Nathaniel , Hu Liangbing , Duffy Michael , Zupan Marc , Madan Deepa
Published: May 2019

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) fabricated using additive manufacturing methods are attractive because they offer the advantages of scalability, lower cost, and potentially higher power density than conventional TEGs. Additive manufacturing of TEGs requires active thermoelectric particles to be dispersed in a polymer binder to synthesize printable slurries, and printed films to be subsequently subjected to a long and high temperature curing to enhance their thermoelectic properties. A large amount of polymer binder present in composite films results in a sizable loss in the electrical conductivity. In addition, a long and high-temperature film curing results is a slow and energy intensive fabrication process. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a small amount (≤10−3 wt ratio) of novel nanofiber cellulose (NFC) as a binder to provide sufficient adhesion strength to hold the TE particles together in the composite films. We also demonstrate a pressure induced densification process to enhance the thermoelectic properties of printed composite films. This novel approach has the potential to fundamentally transform the manufacting method for printing TEGs by eliminating the need of long-duration and high-temperature curing. A higher applied pressure leads to a compact packing and densification of films resulting in an improvement in the electrical conductivity. The highest power factor achieved for best performing p-type thermoelectric-NFC composite film subjected to pressure induced densification is 611 μW/m-K2.
The transcriptome of Cryptosporidium oocysts and intracellular stages
Authors: Matos Lucas V. S. , McEvoy John , Tzipori Saul , Bresciani Katia D. S. , Widmer Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Human cryptosporidiosis is caused primarily by two species of apicomplexan parasites, Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis. Although infection of cell monolayers with sporozoites does not support the complete parasite life cycle, the in vitro system is used to study the asexual phase of multiplication, which consists of two generations of merogony. To better understand host-parasite interaction and to gain insight into gene regulatory processes driving the complex life cycle of Cryptosporidium parasites, we analyzed the transcriptome of C. parvum in oocysts, sporozoites and infected cell monolayers 2–48 h post-infection. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from replicate oocyst, sporozoite and intracellular samples revealed significant differences between transcriptomes expressed outside and inside the host cell. Compared to the transcriptome found in the host cell, the oocyst transcriptome is less diverse. Biological processes significantly over-represented intracellularly relate to biosynthetic processes. Genes significantly overexpressed in oocysts show evidence of specialized functions not found in other Apicomplexa. A more comprehensive view of gene regulation during the Cryptosporidium life cycle will require the analysis of later time points during the infection, particularly of the poorly studied sexual phase of the life cycle.
Quantitation of the neural silencing activity of anion channelrhodopsins in Caenorhabditis elegans and their applicability for long-term illumination
Authors: Yamanashi Taro , Maki Misayo , Kojima Keiichi , Shibukawa Atsushi , Tsukamoto Takashi , Chowdhury Srikanta , Yamanaka Akihiro , Takagi Shin , Sudo Yuki
Published: May 2019

Ion pumps and channels are responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. Ion pumps transport only one ion during each stimulus-dependent reaction cycle, whereas ion channels conduct a large number of ions during each cycle. Ion pumping rhodopsins such as archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) are often utilized as light-dependent neural silencers in animals, but they require a high-density light illumination of around 1 mW/mm2. Recently, anion channelrhodopsins -1 and -2 (GtACR1 and GtACR2) were discovered as light-gated anion channels from the cryptophyte algae Guillardia theta. GtACRs are therefore expected to silence neural activity much more efficiently than Arch. In this study, we successfully expressed GtACRs in neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and quantitatively evaluated how potently GtACRs can silence neurons in freely moving C. elegans. The results showed that the light intensity required for GtACRs to cause locomotion paralysis was around 1 µW/mm2, which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the light intensity required for Arch. As attractive features, GtACRs are less harmfulness to worms and allow stable neural silencing effects under long-term illumination. Our findings thus demonstrate that GtACRs possess a hypersensitive neural silencing activity in C. elegans and are promising tools for long-term neural silencing.
Post-tilleyite, a dense calcium silicate-carbonate phase
Authors: Santamaria-Perez David , Ruiz-Fuertes Javier , Peña-Alvarez Miriam , Chulia-Jordan Raquel , Marqueño Tomas , Zimmer Dominik , Gutiérrez-Cano Vanessa , MacLeod Simon , Gregoryanz Eugene , Popescu Catalin , Rodríguez-Hernández Plácida , Muñoz Alfonso
Published: May 2019

Calcium carbonate is a relevant constituent of the Earth’s crust that is transferred into the deep Earth through the subduction process. Its chemical interaction with calcium-rich silicates at high temperatures give rise to the formation of mixed silicate-carbonate minerals, but the structural behavior of these phases under compression is not known. Here we report the existence of a dense polymorph of Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 tilleyite above 8 GPa. We have structurally characterized the two phases at high pressures and temperatures, determined their equations of state and analyzed the evolution of the polyhedral units under compression. This has been possible thanks to the agreement between our powder and single-crystal XRD experiments, Raman spectroscopy measurements and ab-initio simulations. The presence of multiple cation sites, with variable volume and coordination number (6–9) and different polyhedral compressibilities, together with the observation of significant amounts of alumina in compositions of some natural tilleyite assemblages, suggests that post-tilleyite structure has the potential to accommodate cations with different sizes and valencies.
Computational studies on the molecular insights of aptamer induced poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-graphene oxide for on/off- switchable whole-cell cancer diagnostics
Authors: Putri Athika Darumas , Murti Bayu Tri , Kanchi Suvardhan , Sabela Myalowenkosi I. , Bisetty Krishna , Tiwari Ashutosh , Inamuddin  , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: May 2019

This work deals with first-principles and in silico studies of graphene oxide-based whole-cell selective aptamers for cancer diagnostics utilising a tunable-surface strategy. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) was constructed as a surface-based model with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) covalently grafted as an “on/off”-switch in triggering interactions with the cancer-cell protein around its lower critical solution temperature. The atomic building blocks of the aptamer and the PNIPAM adsorbed onto the GO was investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The presence of the monomer of PNIPAM stabilised the system’s π-π interaction between GO and its nucleobases as confirmed by higher bandgap energy, satisfying the eigenvalues of the single-point energy observed rather than the nucleobase and the GO complex independently. The unaltered geometrical structures of the surface emphasise the physisorption type interaction between the nucleobase and the GO/NIPAM surface. The docking result for the aptamer and the protein, highlighted the behavior of the PNIPAM-graft-GO  is exhibiting globular and extended conformations, further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These studies enabled a better understanding of the thermal responsive behavior of the polymer-enhanced GO complex for whole-cell protein interactions through computational methods.
Spatial Uniformity Assessment of Particles Distributed in a Spherical Fuel Element Using a Non-Destructive Approach
Authors: Zhao Xuzhi , Peng Yahui , Wang Xian-gang , Zhu Libing , Chen Houjin
Published: May 2019

In many manufacturing procedures, a large number of identical particles need to be disseminated uniformly into a given space. The uniformity of the spatial distribution of the particles can be critical to the properties of the final products. We proposed an image processing-based non-destructive technique to evaluate the particles’ spatial uniformity in a spherical space imaged with computed tomography. Both graphic (qualitative) and numerical (quantitative) methods were developed to demonstrate the (non-) uniformity of the particles. Simulation results indicated that the technique helped detecting the non-uniformity in the particles’ spatial distribution accurately. We conclude that the proposed technique can be used to test whether a number of particles in a sphere are uniformly distributed statistically and graphically.
Time-restricted feeding improves adaptation to chronically alternating light-dark cycles
Authors: Schilperoort Maaike , van den Berg Rosa , Dollé Martijn E. T. , van Oostrom Conny T. M. , Wagner Karina , Tambyrajah Lauren L. , Wackers Paul , Deboer Tom , Hulsegge Gerben , Proper Karin I. , van Steeg Harry , Roenneberg Till , Biermasz Nienke R. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Kooijman Sander , van Kerkhof Linda W. M.
Published: May 2019

Disturbance of the circadian clock has been associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. Previous studies showed that optimal timing of food intake can improve metabolic health. We hypothesized that time-restricted feeding could be a strategy to minimize long term adverse metabolic health effects of shift work and jetlag. In this study, we exposed female FVB mice to weekly alternating light-dark cycles (i.e. 12 h shifts) combined with ad libitum feeding, dark phase feeding or feeding at a fixed clock time, in the original dark phase. In contrast to our expectations, long-term disturbance of the circadian clock had only modest effects on metabolic parameters. Mice fed at a fixed time showed a delayed adaptation compared to ad libitum fed animals, in terms of the similarity in 24 h rhythm of core body temperature, in weeks when food was only available in the light phase. This was accompanied by increased plasma triglyceride levels and decreased energy expenditure, indicating a less favorable metabolic state. On the other hand, dark phase feeding accelerated adaptation of core body temperature and activity rhythms, however, did not improve the metabolic state of animals compared to ad libitum feeding. Taken together, restricting food intake to the active dark phase enhanced adaptation to shifts in the light-dark schedule, without significantly affecting metabolic parameters.
Author Correction: A new approach based on targeted pooled DNA sequencing identifies novel mutations in patients with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies
Authors: Ezquerra-Inchausti Maitane , Anasagasti Ander , Barandika Olatz , Garay-Aramburu Gonzaga , Galdós Marta , López de Munain Adolfo , Irigoyen Cristina , Ruiz-Ederra Javier
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Transcriptomics analysis of host liver and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves treated with artificial dosing of rumen content from adult donor cow
Authors: Li Wenli , Edwards Andrea , Riehle Christina , Cox Madison S. , Raabis Sarah , Skarlupka Joseph H. , Steinberger Andrew J. , Walling Jason , Bickhart Derek , Suen Garret
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Changes in soil taxonomic and functional diversity resulting from gamma irradiation
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Kerfahi Dorsaf , Song HoKyung , Dong Ke , Seo Hoseong , Lim Sangyong , Srinivasan Sathiyaraj , Kim Myung Kyum , Waldman Bruce , Adams Jonathan M.
Published: May 2019

Little is known of the effects of ionizing radiation exposure on soil biota. We exposed soil microcosms to weekly bursts of60Co gamma radiation over six weeks, at three levels of exposure (0.1 kGy/hr/wk [low], 1 kGy/hr/wk [medium] and 3 kGy/hr/wk [high]). Soil DNA was extracted, and shotgun metagenomes were sequenced and characterised using MG-RAST. We hypothesized that with increasing radiation exposure there would be a decrease in both taxonomic and functional diversity. While bacterial diversity decreased, diversity of fungi and algae unexpectedly increased, perhaps because of release from competition. Despite the decrease in diversity of bacteria and of biota overall, functional gene diversity of algae, bacteria, fungi and total biota increased. Cycles of radiation exposure may increase the range of gene functional strategies viable in soil, a novel ecological example of the effects of stressors or disturbance events promoting some aspects of diversity. Moreover, repeated density-independent population crashes followed by population expansion may allow lottery effects, promoting coexistence. Radiation exposure produced large overall changes in community composition. Our study suggests several potential novel radiation-tolerant groups: in addition to Deinococcus-Thermus, which reached up to 20% relative abundance in the metagenome, the phyla Chloroflexi (bacteria), Chytridiomycota (fungi) and Nanoarcheota (archaea) may be considered as radiation-tolerant.
Publisher Correction: Toxoplasma Modulates Signature Pathways of Human Epilepsy, Neurodegeneration & Cancer
Authors: Ngô Huân M. , Zhou Ying , Lorenzi Hernan , Wang Kai , Kim Taek-Kyun , Zhou Yong , El Bissati Kamal , Mui Ernest , Fraczek Laura , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Roberts Craig W. , Henriquez Fiona L. , Montpetit Alexandre , Blackwell Jenefer M. , Jamieson Sarra E. , Wheeler Kelsey , Begeman Ian J. , Naranjo-Galvis Carlos , Alliey-Rodriguez Ney , Davis Roderick G. , Soroceanu Liliana , Cobbs Charles , Steindler Dennis A. , Boyer Kenneth , Noble A. Gwendolyn , Swisher Charles N. , Heydemann Peter T. , Rabiah Peter , Withers Shawn , Soteropoulos Patricia , Hood Leroy , McLeod Rima
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Colorimetric switchable linker-based bioassay for ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen as a cancer biomarker
Authors: Hahn Jungwoo , Kim Eunghee , You Youngsang , Choi Young Jin
Published: May 2019

The use of colorimetric bioassays for protein detection is one of the most interesting diagnostic approaches, but their relatively poor detection limits have been a critical issue.
Detecting the structural assembly pathway of human antimicrobial peptide pores at single-channel level
Authors: Puthumadathil Neethu , Jayasree Poornendhu , Santhosh Kumar K. , Nampoothiri K. Madhavan , Bajaj Harsha , Mahendran Kozhinjampara R.
Published: May 2019

Elucidation of the assembly pathway of the human antimicrobial peptide channels by single-channel current recording.
A nanodrug to combat cisplatin-resistance by protecting cisplatin withp-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and regulating glutathioneS-transferases with loaded 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Dai Xin , Zhou Xueying , Liao Chunyan , Yao Yongchao , Yu Yunlong , Zhang Shiyong
Published: May 2019

A nanodrug that can effectively combat cisplatin-resistant A549/CDDP cells was developed by protecting cisplatin from glutathione (GSH) detoxification trough a host–guest interaction between cisplatin andp-sulfonatocalix[4]arene.
New β-carboline fluorophores with superior sensitivity and endoplasmic reticulum specificity for tracking ER changes
Authors: Chen Wenteng , Shao Jiaan , Huang Yujie , Chen En , Huang Mingzhu , Han Feng , Liang Xingguang , Yu Yongping
Published: May 2019

Endoplasmic reticulum-specific carboline-fluors were efficiently and rationally developed via a Pictet–Spengler involved one-pot multicomponent reaction.
Enantioselective formal synthesis of (+)-madangamine A
Authors: Are Celeste , Pérez Maria , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes
Published: May 2019

A formal synthesis of (+)-madangamine A from phenylglycinol-derived lactam 1, involving the final closure of the peripheral rings from the skipped polyunsaturated diazatricyclic derivative 19, is reported.
Synthesis of Bax(Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xTiO3 perovskite mesocrystals via a solvothermal topochemical process
Authors: Zhao Weixing , Zhang Wenxiong , Wang Yan , Hu Dengwei , Kong Xingang , Uemura Shinobu , Kusunose Takafumi , Feng Qi
Published: May 2019

Topochemical synthesis of two-dimensional Bax(Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xTiO3 mesocrystals constructed from the nanocrystals with the same orientation.
The structure of deterministic mass and surface fractals: theory and methods of analyzing small-angle scattering data
Authors: Cherny Alexander Yu. , Anitas Eugen M. , Osipov Vladimir A. , Kuklin Alexander I.
Published: May 2019

Small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays, neutrons or light from ensembles of randomly oriented and placed deterministic fractal structures is studied theoretically.
Nanoparticles of Rh confined and tailored by LaFeO3–La2O3 on SiO2 for direct ethanol synthesis from syngas
Authors: Zhong Huixian , Wang Jiaming , An Kang , Fang Kegong , Liu Yuan
Published: May 2019

A catalyst with a novel composition for direct ethanol synthesis from syngas was prepared and investigated in this work, which is Rh nanoparticles (NPs) highly dispersed on La2O3 modified LaFeO3, and the Rh NPs/La2O3–LaFeO3 was loaded on SiO2 with high surface area.
Iron(ii) complexes with diazinyl-NHC ligands: impact of π-deficiency of the azine core on photophysical properties
Authors: Darari Mohamed , Domenichini Edoardo , Francés-Monerris Antonio , Cebrián Cristina , Magra Kevin , Beley Marc , Pastore Mariachiara , Monari Antonio , Assfeld Xavier , Haacke Stefan , Gros Philippe C.
Published: May 2019

Boosting iron(ii) complex excited-state lifetime by combining pyrazine and benzimidazolylidene NHC ligands.
A D-optimal mixture design of tomato-based sauce formulations: effects of onion and EVOO on lycopene isomerization and bioaccessibility
Authors: Yu Jiahao , Gleize Béatrice , Zhang Lianfu , Caris-Veyrat Catherine , Renard Catherine M. G. C.
Published: May 2019

Onion and EVOO promoted lycopene isomerization and bioaccessibility during heating tomato–onion–EVOO based sauces using a D-optimal mixture design method.
Recent development of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Ma Shutao
Published: May 2019

This review summarizes the recent development of LeuRS inhibitors, focusing on biological activity, SARs, molecular docking studies and applications.
A multifunctional biodegradable brush polymer-drug conjugate for paclitaxel/gemcitabine co-delivery and tumor imaging
Authors: Sun Haotian , Yan Lingyue , Chang Michael Yu Zarng , Carter Kevin A. , Zhang Runsheng , Slyker Leigh , Lovell Jonathan F. , Wu Yun , Cheng Chong
Published: May 2019

A unique nanosystem enabling paclitaxel/gemcitabine co-delivery and tumor imaging is reported.
Palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes of glyoxalbis(N-aryl)osazone: molecular and electronic structures, anti-microbial activities and DNA-binding study
Authors: Patra Sarat Chandra , Saha Roy Amit , Banerjee Saswati , Banerjee Ananya , Das Saha Krishna , Bhadra Ranjan , Pramanik Kausikisankar , Ghosh Prasanta
Published: May 2019

A new family of palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes of redox non-innocent osazone ligands that exhibit moderate antileishmanial activity were isolated.
Mechanistic insights into n-BuLi mediated phospha-Brook rearrangement
Authors: Ranga Santosh , Chakravarty Manab , Chatterjee Tanmay , Ghosal Subhas
Published: May 2019

A plausible mechanism for n-BuLi mediated phospha-Brook rearrangement is proposed and substantiated with the help of 31P-NMR and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies.
Two-dimensional materials with intrinsic auxeticity: progress and perspectives
Authors: Peng Rui , Ma Yandong , Wu Qian , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying
Published: May 2019

2D auxetic materials with an intrinsic negative Poisson's ratio hold great potential in nanodevices.
Transition-metal-free N-difluoromethylation of hydrazones with TMSCF2Br as the difluoromethylation reagent
Authors: Huang Yubing , Lin Zhiming , Chen Yang , Fang Songjia , Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Wanqing
Published: May 2019

A transition-metal-free N-difluoromethylation protocol is developed to synthesize a series of N-difluoromethyl hydrazones with TMSCF2Br as the difluoromethylation reagent.
Mixed-carbene cyclometalated iridium complexes with saturated blue luminescence
Authors: Na Hanah , Cañada Louise M. , Wen Zhili , I-Chia Wu Judy , Teets Thomas S.
Published: May 2019

A new structural class of mixed-carbene cyclometalated iridium complexes with intense, high-purity blue luminescence are described.
Metabolic Infrastructure of Pregnant Women With Trisomy 21 Fetuses; Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Nemutlu Emirhan , Orgul Gokcen , Recber Tuba , Aydin Emine , Ozkan Ece , Turgal Mert , Alikasifoglu Mehmet , Kir Sedef , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: May 2019

We aimed to configure impaired/altered metabolomic profiles of pregnant women carrying Down syndrome (DS) fetuses. The study involved 21 and 32 pregnant women with DS and euploid fetuses, respectively, as determined by prenatal screening and diagnosis as part of an antenatal care program. Metabolomic analyses were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) methods. A total of 95 metabolites were identified. GC-MS analysis indicated that levels of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, benzoic acid, nonanoic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and 2-ketoisocaproic acid were increased in the DS group, where beta-alanine, threonic acid, oxalic acid, alpha-tocopherol, uracil, 2-piperidone, and creatinine were decreased. However, LC-qTOF-MS analysis showed that lipid-related metabolites were decreased in women carrying DS fetuses, whereas creatine, N4-phosphoagmatine, citrate, 2,5-dioxopentanoate, 2-furoate, pyruvate, and fructose levels were increased. Pathway analysis was also performed using metabolites whose levels were significantly altered (p<0.05) between the groups, and the findings indicated that the biosynthesis pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA and “valine-leucine-isoleucine”, and metabolism pathways of “glycine-serine-threonine”, nitrogen, “alanine-aspartate-glutamate”, propanoate, glycerophospholipid, cysteine, methionine, and phenylalanine were significantly altered. Our findings indicate a special type of metabolic status/syndrome in pregnant women with Down syndrome fetuses. It could be speculated that altered metabolic status might influence both gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Down syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that is important to detect prenatally, but may also be prevented by taking necessary precautions prior to pregnancy.
Abrechnung Liposuktion
Authors: Hartmann Karsten , Proebstle Thomas M. , Rapprich Stefan
Published: May 2019

Immer wieder gibt es Probleme bei der der Abrechnung von Liposuktionen, die in medizinischer Indikation, z. B. beim Lipödem, durchgeführt werden. Da der Eingriff im GKV-Leistungskatalog nicht enthalten ist, muss in allen Fällen eine Abrechnung nach der GOÄ erfolgen. Bedauerlicherweise ist die Liquidation der Liposuktion explizit weder in der GOÄ1996 abgebildet, noch gibt es hierzu eine Stellungnahme der Bundesärztekammer.
Richtigstellung: Saphenofemorale Rezidive nach endovenöser thermischer Therapie und nach chirurgischer Therapie
Authors: Hartmann K.
Published: May 2019

Thermische Ablation kostengünstiger als chirurgische Operation!

Die Arbeitsgruppe Mumme, Mühlberger, Sidhwa und Hummel haben mit ihrer Arbeit „Alarmierend hohe Rate saphenofemoraler Rezidive nach endovenöser Lasertherapie“ (Phlebologie 2019;48:18–22) mehrere Behauptungen aufgestellt, die nochmals genauer beleuchtet werden müssen.
European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis: Consensus Protocol for the Flow Cytometric Characterisation of Platelet Function
Authors: Schmitz Gerd , Rothe Gregor , Ruf Andreas , Barlage Stefan , Tschöpe Diethelm , Clemetson Kenneth J. , Goodall Alison H. , Michelson Alan D. , Nurden Alan T. , Shankey Vincent T. ,   for the European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis
Published: May 2019

Introduction

An increased or disturbed activation and aggregation of platelets plays a major role in the pathophysiology of thrombosis and haemostasis and is related to cardiovascular disease processes. In addition to qualitative disturbances of platelet function, changes in thrombopoiesis or an increased elimination of platelets, (e. g., in autoimmune thrombocytopenia), are also of major clinical relevance. Flow cytometry is increasingly used for the specific characterisation of phenotypic alterations of platelets which are related to cellular activation, haemostatic function and to maturation of precursor cells. These new techniques also allow the study of the in vitro response of platelets to stimuli and the modification thereof under platelet-targeted therapy as well as the characterisation of platelet-specific antibodies. In this protocol, specific flow cytometric techniques for platelet analysis are recommended based on a description of the current state of flow cytometric methodology. These recommendations are an attempt to promote the use of these new techniques which are at present broadly evaluated for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, the definition of the still open questions primarily related to the technical details of the method should help to promote the multi-center evaluation of procedures with the goal to finally develop standardized operation procedures as the basis of interlaboratory reproducibility when applied to diagnostic testing.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin Decreases Proximal and Distal Deep Venous Thrombosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Howard Andrew W. , Aaron Shawn D.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis following total knee arthroplasty. Data sources: Medline 1986 to June 1997, Embase, and manufacturers were used to identify randomized controlled trials. Review methods: Trials included were randomized studies of LMWH with routine radiological screening for DVT. Placebo or active controls were included. Two reviewers independently screened trials for inclusion, and assessed their quality. Pooled relative risk estimates of DVT and proximal DVT rates were calculated using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Sensitivity of the results to the type of control used and the quality of the trial was assessed. Results: The relative risk of DVT for a patient given LMWH is 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.80) when compared with patients treated with adjusted dose heparin or warfarin controls. The relative risk for proximal DVT is 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.90). The relative risk of pulmonary emboli in the LMWH group was 0.55 (95% C.I. 0.20 to 1.57). No excess of bleeding was recorded in the LMWH group. Conclusions: Low molecular weight heparin is more efficacious than either adjusted dose heparin or adjusted dose warfarin, when used to prevent DVT and proximal DVT following total knee arthroplasty.
A 20.7 kb Deletion within the Factor VIII Gene Associated with LINE-1 Element Insertion
Authors: Water Neil Van de , Williams Ruth , Ockelford Paul , Browett Peter
Published: May 2019

Large deletions within the factor VIII gene account for approximately 5% of the mutations causing haemophilia A. The characterization of such mutations can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of these and other deletions in man. We have analyzed a 20.7 kb deletion spanning exons 15 to 20 within the factor VIII gene in a patient with severe haemophilia A. Long range PCR was used to investigate the extent of the deletion and to provide a template for sequencing across the deletion breakpoint. A 38-base insertion homologous to the 3’ region of a LINE-1 (L1) element was detected at the breakpoint of the deletion. Normal sequence at the 5’ breakpoint in intron 14 was homologous to an L1 flanking region and normal sequence at the 3’ breakpoint in intron 20 was homologous to an adjacent sequence within the same L1 flanking region. A molecular mechanism for the deletion involving retrotransposition of a readthrough product of an L1 element plus its 3’ flanking region is suggested.
Partial Reconstitution of Factor VIII Activity from a Mild Crm+ Hemophilia A Patient by Replacement of the Defective A2 Domain
Authors: Pieneman W. C. , Fay P. , Briët E. , Reitsma P. H. , Bertina R. M.
Published: May 2019

We further characterised the abnormal factor VIII molecule (factor VIII Leiden) of a Crm+, mild hemophilia A patient with a factor VIII activity of 0.18 IU/ml and a factor VIII antigen of 0.95 IU/ml. Mutation analysis of the coding region, promoter and 3’ untranslated region of the factor VIII gene revealed the presence of a C to T substitution at codon 527. This nucleotide change predicts the replacement of an arginine to tryptophan in the A2 domain close to a suggested binding site for factor IXa. Since a previous study of this mutant factor VIII protein suggested that this protein had a reduced affinity for factor IXa, position 527 in the protein might be involved in the interaction with factor IXa.

In this study we gathered evidence for our hypothesis that the Arg to Trp mutation at position 527 is the cause of the reduced activity of factor VIII Leiden. Replacement of the mutated A2 domain by wild type A2 domain partially corrected the defect.

Factor VIII from normal and factor VIII Leiden plasma was concentrated by cryoprecipitation, activated with thrombin and incubated with excess wild type A2 domain. Competition with excess isolated human A2 domain resulted in a partial reconstitution of the factor VIIIa activity of thrombin treated factor VIII Leiden. This supports the hypothesis that the mutation in the A2 domain is the cause of the reduced factor VIII activity.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Beta-2-Glycoprotein I: Use as Reference Material for Lupus Anticoagulant Tests
Authors: Arnout J. , Vanrusselt M. , Wittevrongel C. , Vermylen J.
Published: May 2019

The laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants (LA) remains difficult despite internationally accepted guidelines for its detection. Several interlaboratory surveys have shown poor agreement between laboratories. Further standardization of LA testing will to a large extent depend on better insights on the mechanisms by which LA affect phospholipid-dependent coagulation assays as well as on the availability of well characterized and internationally accepted reference materials and control specimens. We recently raised a series of murine monoclonal antibodies against human β2GPI (anti-β2GPI moabs), a phospholipid-binding protein directly involved in the interaction between certain lupus anticoagulants and phospholipids. In this study we report on the use of LA positive anti-β2GPI moabs as easy to handle reference and control material. The relative LA responsiveness of various phospholipid-dependent clotting assays was determined on plasmas spiked with such moabs and compared well with that determined on LA positive plasma samples. Plasmas spiked with LA positive anti-β2GPI moabs were also used as control specimens to study the interlaboratory precision of LA testing. With these control specimens, low interassay coefficients of variation were obtained. Our results indicate that LA positive anti-β2GPI moabs have potential for the production of control specimens that could be made available to routine hemostasis laboratories to assess intra-laboratory precision of LA testing and to manufacturers to control batch-to-batch variability of their reagents.
Antibodies against Fibrinogen in Pregnant Women, in Post Delivery Women and in the Newborns
Authors: Kondera-Anasz Zdzislawa
Published: May 2019

Pregnancy and delivery have measurable effects on haemostatic and immunological changes. Degradation of fibrinogen induces significant structural and conformational modulation and leads to the progressive loss of antigenic sites present on the parent molecule but also exposes some new sites. These neoantigens may be recognized by the immune system and may be elicited by the autologous host manifested by the production of autoantibodies. Therefore in the present study, in pregnant and post delivery women and in the newborns, levels of antibodies against fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) and fibrin degradation products (D-dimer) were examined.

Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was used to detect and quantitate autoantibodies against fibrinogen (class G immunoglobulin) in human sera. In all sera there were found varying concentrations of autoantibodies and their levels were significantly higher in all pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant ones. Significantly higher levels were found in Rh immunized and clinically complicated pregnancies.

The level of autoantibodies, coagulation and fibrinolytic system components were higher in post delivery women than in normal pregnant women. Also antibodies to fibrinogen were studied in cord serum of newborns in different terms of delivery. The low levels of antibodies in all newborns raise questions of possible foetal-maternal immunologic interactions. Positive correlation between mothers and newborns was demonstrated after delivery at gestational age from 34th to 41st week, and negative in 42nd and more week. There were no significant differences in antibody level among the newborns delivered by the same mothers.

It was found that autoantibodies bind selectively to the fibrinogen and fibrinogen fragments X, Y and D. These autoantibodies may represent a new interface between the coagulation and the immune systems which may be significant in controlling the pathologic activities of the cleavage fragments.
Adhesion of ADP-activated Platelets to Intact Endothelium under Stagnation Point Flow In Vitro Is Mediated by the Integrin αIIbβ3
Authors: Reininger Armin J. , Korndörfer Markus A. , Wurzinger Laurenz J.
Published: May 2019

As we demonstrated earlier, platelets adhere to intact endothelium provided they are activated and convectively transported against the endothelial surface. To identify the platelet receptors involved we superfused cultured endothelium with activated platelet rich plasma (PRP) by means of the Stagnation Point Flow Adhesio- Aggregometer while blocking various platelet receptors. Inhibition was performed with the tetrapeptide RGDS, the non-peptide Ro-43-8857, or a monoclonal antibody directed against integrin αIIbβ3. Platelet deposition was video-recorded and quantified by image analysis. Infusion of RGDS or Ro-43-8857 into ADP-stimulated PRP completely prevented adhesion as well as subsequent aggregation. Interrupting the inhibitor infusion while ADP stimulation persisted, prompted adhesion and aggregation, demonstrating the reversibility of the inhibition. Platelet adhesion was irreversibly blocked by preincubation of the PRP with the moab against αIIbβ3. Its specific binding was confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy. Our results suggest that platelet adhesion to intact endothelium is mediated via platelet integrin αIIbβ3.
Morphological and Biochemical Features Affecting the Antithrombotic Properties of the Aorta in Adult Rabbits and Rabbit Pups
Authors: Nitschmann E. , Berry L. , Bridge S. , Hatton M. W. C. , Richardson M. , Monagle P. , Chan A. K. C. , Andrew M.
Published: May 2019

We hypothesised that there are important physiologic differences in arterial wall structure and function with respect to antithrombotic activity in the very young (pre-puberty) compared to adults. Electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and activity assays were used to examine differences in aorta structure and function comparing prepubertal rabbits (pups) to adult rabbits. Differences in endothelial function, extracellular matrix structure, proteoglycan (PG) distribution and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and function were shown. In both intima and media, total PG, chondroitin sulfate (CS) PG and heparan sulfate (HS) PG content were significantly increased in pups compared to adult rabbits. These findings corresponded to increased concentrations by mass analyses of CS GAG and DS GAG in aortas from pups. There was also a significant increase in antithrombin activity in pups due to HS GAG. In conclusion, differences in both structure and antithrombin activity of aortas from pups compared to adult rabbits suggest that young arteries may have greater antithrombotic potential that is, at least in part, related to increased HS GAG.
Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide Blocks Metastasis In Vivo and Inhibits Factor Xa Binding to Melanoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Donnelly Kathleen M. , Bromberg Michael E. , Milstone Aaron , McNiff Jennifer Madison , Terwilliger Gordon , Konigsberg William H. , Cappello Michael
Published: May 2019

We evaluated the in vivo anti-metastatic activity of recombinant Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide (rAcAP), a potent (Ki
= 265 pM) and specific active site inhibitor of human coagulation factor Xa originally isolated from bloodfeeding hookworms. Subcutaneous injection of SCID mice with rAcAP (0.01-0.2 mg/mouse) prior to tail vein injection of LOX human melanoma cells resulted in a dose dependent reduction in pulmonary metastases. In order to elucidate potential mechanisms of rAcAP’s anti-metastatic activity, experiments were carried out to identify specific interactions between factor Xa and LOX. Binding of biotinylated factor Xa to LOX monolayers was both specific and saturable (Kd
= 15 nM). Competition experiments using antibodies to previously identified factor Xa binding proteins, including factor V/Va, effector cell protease receptor-1, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor failed to implicate any of these molecules as significant binding sites for Factor Xa. Functional prothrombinase activity was also supported by LOX, with a half maximal rate of thrombin generation detected at a factor Xa concentration of 2.4 nM. Additional competition experiments using an excess of either rAcAP or active site blocked factor Xa (EGR-Xa) revealed that most of the total factor Xa binding to LOX is mediated via interaction with the enzyme’s active site, predicting that the vast majority of cell-associated factor Xa does not participate directly in thrombin generation. In addition to establishing two distinct mechanisms of factor Xa binding to melanoma, these data raise the possibility that rAcAP’s antimetastatic effect in vivo might involve novel non-coagulant pathways, perhaps via inhibition of active-site mediated interactions between factor Xa and tumor cells.
Cephalotrichella echinicola, sp. nov. (Palaeonemertea : Cephalotrichellidae), a new nemertean associated with sea urchins from Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea)
Authors: Chernyshev Alexei V. , Polyakova Neonila , Britayev Temir A. , Bratova Olga A. , Mekhova Elena S.
Published: May 2019

About 50 nemertean species have been reported to live in symbiotic relationships with other invertebrates, but only two hoplonemertean species are associated with echinoderms (starfish). The palaeonemertean Cephalotrichella echinicola, sp. nov. is described from samples collected in Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, South China Sea. The species is the first known nemertean associated with sea urchins (Metalia sternalis and M. spatagus), living on both the oral and the aboral surfaces of the host and freely moving among its spines. The internal morphology of the new species is described based on histological sections and confocal laser scanning microscopy with phalloidin and antibody labelling. Sequences of three nuclear gene markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3) and two mitochondrial gene markers (16S rRNA and COI) were compared with those of other palaeonemertean species, and a phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. echinicola is closest to the free-living Cephalotrichella alba Gibson & Sundberg, 1992. Both the morphological data and the phylogenetic analysis provide additional evidence for distinguishing the families Cephalotrichidae and Cephalotrichellidae and support the rejection of Cephalotrichella as a junior synonym of Cephalothrix. A new diagnosis of the genus Cephalotrichella is given. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:091B5D56-71B2-4F4C-9AD8-F666B4610DE2
An introduction to the 'micronet' of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs): cyanobacteria, zooplankton and microorganisms: a review
Authors: Wilk-Woźniak Elżbieta
Published: May 2019

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are known all around the world. Climate change (temperature increase) and human activity (eutrophication) are factors that promote the proliferation of cyanobacteria, leading to the development of blooms and the release of toxins. Abiotic and biotic factors are responsible for the development of blooms and how long they last. Although the abiotic factors controlling blooms are well known, knowledge of biotic factors and their interactions is still lacking. This paper reviews five levels of biotic interactions, namely cyanobacteria–zooplankton, cyanobacteria–ciliates, cyanobacteria–bacteria, cyanobacteria–viruses and cyanobacteria–fungi, showing a more complex food web network than was previously thought. New findings published recently, such as the relationships between cyanobacteria and viruses or cyanobacteria and fungi, indicate that cyanobacterial blooms are not the end of the cycle of events taking place in water habitats, but rather the middle of them. As such, a new approach needs to consider mutual connections, genetic response, horizontal gene transfer and non-linear flow of carbon.
Theory versus practice
Authors: Clerck Bernard De , Decock Sofie , Vandenberghe Jasper , Seghers Mathias
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we investigate the attention given to and the impact of interpersonal, people-oriented and transactional, problem-oriented stance in English complaint refusals in business correspondence. The analysis is based on a sample analysis of English e-mail sequences from a Belgian multinational as well as experimental research that probes into the effect of interpersonal strategies on customer outcomes. The sample analysis shows a sharp contrast between theory and practice: while the need for supportive language and interpersonal attention are standard items in textbook instructions, the data show little alignment with the customer through expressions of regret, gratitude, or empathy. The experiment, in its turn, shows a positive impact of interactional stance on interactional justice but little to no impact on satisfaction, perceived professionalism, and loyalty. This raises a number of questions regarding best practice and best practice models.
Isolation of 6-hydroxy-l-tryptophan from the fruiting body of Lyophyllum decastes for use as a tyrosinase inhibitor
Authors: Ishihara Atsushi , Sugai Naomi , Bito Tomohiro , Ube Naoki , Ueno Kotomi , Okuda Yasuhito , Fukushima-Sakuno Emi
Published: May 2019

Tyrosinase is the key enzyme that controls melanin formation. We found that a hot water extract of the lyophilized fruiting body of the fungus Lyophyllum decastes inhibited tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus. The extract was fractionated by ODS column chromatography, and an active compound was obtained by purification through successive preparative HPLC using an ODS and a HILIC column. Using spectroscopic data, the compound was identified to be an uncommon amino acid, 6-hydroxytryptophan. 6-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan and 6-hydroxy-d-tryptophan were prepared through a Fenton reaction from l-tryptophan and d-tryptophan, respectively. The active compound was determined to be 6-hydroxy-l-tryptophan by comparison of their circular dichroism spectra and retention time on HPLC analysis of the Nα-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-l-leuciamide derivative with those of 6-hydroxy-l-tryptophan and 6-hydroxy-d-tryptophan. A Lineweaver–Burk plot of the enzyme reaction in the presence of 6-hydroxy-l-tryptophan indicated that this compound was a competitive inhibitor. The IC50 values of 6-hydroxy-l-tryptophan was 0.23 mM.
The discursive politics of marketization in home care policy implementation in Ireland
Authors: Cullen Pauline
Published: May 2019

Ideational and gender discursive approaches are used to examine how implementing actors discursively engage with processes of marketization within home care policy in Ireland. Front line service providers, including private actors, non-profits and migrant care workers’ problem representations, solutions and underlying assumptions about what a care market is and should be offer insights into how practical experiences of market mechanisms are perceived to shape policy implementation. A focus on how implementing actors mobilize discursively on home care underlines how implementation should be viewed as a process that continues to be negotiated, often contested or even resisted, as it is implemented. Implementing actors’ legitimize, contest and adapt to the marketization of home care in divergent and overlapping ways as discursive agents that mediate between policy design and implementation reproducing in turn gendered and racialized ideas about care and care work.