bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and diagnosis geotechnical parameters of historical buildings in Najran City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdullah Gamil M. S. , El-Aal Ahmed Abd , Radwan Ahmed E. , Al-Awah Hezam
Published: October 2023

This research aims to assess geoenvironmental risks and identify the primary deterioration drivers in ancient buildings in Najran City, utilizing various analytical tools to help make informed judgments. The samples extruded from historical buildings were examined using field inspection, experimental data, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses, in addition to lab and field observations and meteorological data. The dissolution of clay minerals and salt crystallization are the key contributors to the degradation and cracking of historical buildings in Najran City, according to lab and field observations. When the daytime high temperature surpasses 44 °C, wind erosion and humidity might cause continuous wetting–drying cycles on the investigated building surfaces. Test results indicated that the average unconfined compressive strength of the extruded earthen wall samples was 2 MPa and the water absorption was within the upper allowed limit (i.e., 15%). A finite element model of a typical earthen historical building was developed using PLAXIS 3D software to assess the behavior and nonlinear response of the silty sand soil layer underlying the building and the earthen historical buildings themselves using a plastic material model. The field observations confirm the results of the simulation, which clearly explained the failure mechanism. The integrated geotechnical and numerical simulations could provide insights for assessing geoenvironmental risks, identify the primary deterioration drivers in ancient buildings, and provide an understanding of material qualities and failure causes not only in the studied area but in other similar regions elsewhere.
Rapid adsorption of benzotriazole onto oxidized carbon cloth as an easily separable adsorbent
Authors: Radwan Emad K. , Omar Rehab A. , Moursy Ahmed S.
Published: October 2023

A commercial carbon cloth (CC) was oxidized by HNO3 acid and the features of the plain and oxidized CC were evaluated. The results of characterization illustrated that HNO3 oxidization duplicated the oxygen-containing functional groups and the surface area of the CC. The adsorption performance of the plain and oxidized CC (Oxi-CC) toward benzotriazole (BTR) was compared. The results disclosed that the uptake of BTR by oxidized CC was greater than the plain CC. Thence, the affinity of oxidized CC toward BTR was assessed at different conditions. It was found that the adsorption was quick, occurred at pH 9 and improved by adding NaCl or CaCl2 to the BTR solution. The kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that the surface of Oxi-CC is heterogeneous and the adsorption of BTR follows a physical process and forms multilayer over the Oxi-CC surface. The regenerability and reusability study illustrated that only deionized water can completely regenerate the Oxi-CC and that the Oxi-CC can be reused for five cycles without any loss of performance. The high maximum adsorption capacity of Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model (252 mg/g), ease of separation and regeneration, and maintaining the adsorption capacity for several cycles revealed the high efficiency and economical and environmental feasibility of Oxi-CC as an adsorbent for BTR.
Synthesis and optical properties of WS2 nanotubes with relatively small diameters
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Yomogida Yohei , Ahad Abdul , Ueji Kan , Nagano Mai , Ihara Akane , Nishidome Hiroyuki , Omoto Mikito , Saito Shigeki , Miyata Yasumitsu , Gao Yanlin , Okada Susumu , Yanagi Kazuhiro
Published: October 2023

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes exhibit various unique properties depending on their structures, such as their diameter and wall number. The development of techniques to prepare WS2 nanotubes with the desired structure is crucial for understanding their basic properties. Notably, the synthesis and characterization of multi-walled WS2 nanotubes with small diameters are challenging. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of small-diameter WS2 nanotubes with an average inner diameter of 6 nm. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the as-prepared nanotubes indicate that a decrease in the nanotube diameter induces a red-shift in the PL, suggesting that the band gap narrowed due to a curvature effect, as suggested by theoretical calculations.
Memory precision and age differentially predict the use of decision-making strategies across the lifespan
Authors: Noh Sharon M. , Singla Umesh K. , Bennett Ilana J. , Bornstein Aaron M.
Published: October 2023

Memory function declines in normal aging, in a relatively continuous fashion following middle-age. The effect of aging on decision-making is less well-understood, with seemingly conflicting results on both the nature and direction of these age effects. One route for clarifying these mixed findings is to understand how age-related differences in memory affect decisions. Recent work has proposed memory sampling as a specific computational role for memory in decision-making, alongside well-studied mechanisms of reinforcement learning (RL). Here, we tested the hypothesis that age-related declines in episodic memory alter memory sampling. Participants (total N = 361; ages 18–77) performed one of two variants of a standard reward-guided decision experiment with additional trial-unique mnemonic content and a separately-administered task for assessing memory precision. When we fit participants’ choices with a hybrid computational model implementing both memory-based and RL-driven valuation side-by-side, we found that memory precision tracked the contribution of memory sampling to choice. At the same time, age corresponded to decreasing influence of RL and increasing perseveration. A second experiment confirmed these results and further revealed that memory precision tracked the specificity of memories selected for sampling. Together, these findings suggest that differences in decision-making across the lifespan may be related to memory function, and that interventions which aim to improve the former may benefit from targeting the latter.
Knowledge, sex, and region associated with primary care providers prescribing adolescents HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Price Garrett , Hubach Randolph D. , Currin Joseph M. , Owens Christopher
Published: October 2023

Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively and safely prevents HIV among adolescents, uptake of PrEP is low. Adolescents must have primary care providers (PCPs) prescribe them PrEP, making PCPs critical actors in PrEP delivery. However, research has primarily investigated determinants of PCPs’ intention to prescribe adolescents PrEP rather than the determinants of performing the behavior itself. We examined the demographic, clinical practice, and implementation determinants of PCPs previously prescribing PrEP to adolescents. PCPs were recruited from a national Qualtrics panel of licensed medical providers in the United States from July 15-August 19, 2022. The Theoretical Domains Framework informed the implementation determinants measured. A multivariable logistic regression was used. PCPs who were more knowledgeable of the CDC guidelines (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 2.16–4.10), who were assigned male at birth (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03–2.59), and who practiced in the Western region (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.04–3.30) had greater odds of prior prescribing adolescents PrEP. Provider-based educational interventions should be designed, implemented, and tested to encourage PCPs to prescribe PrEP to eligible adolescents.
Morphological diagnosis of hematologic malignancy using feature fusion-based deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Yadav D. P. , Kumar Deepak , Jalal Anand Singh , Kumar Ankit , Singh Kamred Udham , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: October 2023

Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cells characterized by immature lymphocytes. Due to blood cancer, many people die every year. Hence, the early detection of these blast cells is necessary for avoiding blood cancer. A novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) 3SNet that has depth-wise convolution blocks to reduce the computation costs has been developed to aid the diagnosis of leukemia cells. The proposed method includes three inputs to the deep CNN model. These inputs are grayscale and their corresponding histogram of gradient (HOG) and local binary pattern (LBP) images. The HOG image finds the local shape, and the LBP image describes the leukaemia cell's texture pattern. The suggested model was trained and tested with images from the AML-Cytomorphology_LMU dataset. The mean average precision (MAP) for the cell with less than 100 images in the dataset was 84%, whereas for cells with more than 100 images in the dataset was 93.83%. In addition, the ROC curve area for these cells is more than 98%. This confirmed proposed model could be an adjunct tool to provide a second opinion to a doctor.
Biomaterial composed of chitosan, riboflavin, and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Gaweł Justyna , Milan Justyna , Żebrowski Jacek , Płoch Dariusz , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Kus-Liśkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: October 2023

Biomaterial engineering approaches involve using a combination of miscellaneous bioactive molecules which may promote cell proliferation and, thus, form a scaffold with the environment that favors the regeneration process. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer, possess some essential features, i.e., biodegradability, biocompatibility, and in the solid phase good porosity, which may contribute to promote cell adhesion. Moreover, doping of the materials with other biocompounds will create a unique and multifunctional scaffold that will be useful in regenerative medicine. This study is focused on the manufacturing and characterization of composite materials based on chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and riboflavin. The resulting films were fabricated by the casting/solvent evaporation method. Morphological and spectroscopy analyses of the films revealed a porous structure and an interconnection between chitosan and apatite. The composite material showed an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to pure chitosan. In vitro studies on riboflavin showed increased cell proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells, thus demonstrating their potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
Short-term exposure to various ambient air pollutants and emergency department visits for cause-stable ischemic heart disease: a time-series study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhou Yonghong , Jin Yi , Zhang Zheng
Published: October 2023

Studying the impact of local meteorological conditions and air pollution on cardiovascular disease is crucial for reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. However, there have been few studies on the acute effects of various air pollutants on stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), and the effects of these factors are not well defined and require further investigation. We performed a time-series study aimed at exploring the association between short-term exposure to various air pollutants and emergency department (ED) visits for SIHD during 2013–2020 in Baoshan District Renhe Hospital of Shanghai, China. The associations between air pollution (NO2, PM2.5, PM10, SO2 O3-8 h and CO) and ED visits were analyzed using quasi-Poisson regression. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. From 2013 to 2020, a total of 18,241 ED visits for SIHD were recorded. Elevated PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO were significantly associated with increased ED visits for SIHD at lag (0, 5), lag 0, lag (0-4, 01-03), lag (0-3, 5, 01-03) and lag (3-5). When the concentration of O3-8 h was lower than the threshold recommended by the WHO, exposure to O3-8 h was associated with a slightly decreased risk of SIHD. Moreover, the relationship between different types of air pollution and the frequency of ED visits exhibited variations based on gender, age, and seasonality. This study suggests that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO might induce SIHD, especially in old females. Air pollution control measures should be encouraged to prevent the occurrence and development of SIHD.
Preclinical 3D-model supports an invisibility cloak for adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Chakraborty Rajdeep , Darido Charbel , Chien Arthur , Tay Aidan , Vickery Karen , Hu Honghua , Liu Fei , Ranganathan Shoba
Published: October 2023

The tumour-cell based initiation of immune evasion project evaluated the role of Gipie in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (A-253), from ninety-six 3D-ACC and A-253-immune co-culture models using natural killer cells (NK), and Jurkat cells (JK). Abnormal ACC morphology was observed in 3D-ACC immune co-culture models. Gipie-silencing conferred a “lymphoblast-like” morphology to ACC cells, a six-fold increase in apoptotic cells (compared to unaltered ACC cells, P ≤ 0.0001), a two-fold decrease in T regulatory cells (FoxP3+/IL-2Rα+/CD25+) (P ≤ 0.0001), and a three-fold increase in activated NK cells (NKp30+/IFN-γ+) (P ≤ 0.0001) with significantly higher release of granzyme (P ≤ 0.001) and perforin (P ≤ 0.0001).
Using custom-built primers and nanopore sequencing to evaluate CO-utilizer bacterial and archaeal populations linked to bioH2 production
Authors: Akaçin İlayda , Ersoy Şeymanur , Doluca Osman , Güngörmüşler Mine
Published: October 2023

The microbial community composition of five distinct thermophilic hot springs was effectively described in this work, using broad-coverage nanopore sequencing (ONT MinION sequencer). By examining environmental samples from the same source, but from locations with different temperatures, bioinformatic analysis revealed dramatic changes in microbial diversity and archaeal abundance. More specifically, no archaeal presence was reported with universal bacterial primers, whereas a significant archaea presence and also a wider variety of bacterial species were reported. These results revealed the significance of primer preference for microbiomes in extreme environments. Bioinformatic analysis was performed by aligning the reads to 16S microbial databases for identification using three different alignment methods, Epi2Me (Fastq 16S workflow), Kraken, and an in-house BLAST tool, including comparison at the genus and species levels. As a result, this approach to data analysis had a significant impact on the genera identified, and thus, it is recommended that use of multiple analysis tools to support findings on taxonomic identification using the 16S region until more precise bioinformatics tools become available. This study presents the first compilation of the ONT-based inventory of the hydrogen producers in the designated hot springs in Türkiye.
Electronic, optical and sodium K edge XANES in disodium helide: a DFT study
Authors: Eithiraj R. D.
Published: October 2023

The ground-state properties of the disodium helide (Na2He) in the cubic structure was calculated using the WIEN2k package within GGA, LDA, and mBJ potentials. From our results, the GGA and LDA predict the material to be semiconductor, while mBJ predicts the material to be insulator. The calculated results from the electronic structure show that Na2He is a direct bandgap semiconductor. Excitonic properties were studied and the results provide Mott-wannier type excitonic behavior of the material. The optical properties for Na2He were studied and its application towards optoelectronic devices has been identified. Also, Na K edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) for Na2He were computed and discussed. To verify the possibility of formation 2D structure (monolayer) of this compound, phonon calculations were performed. The result indicates that the 2D phase for this compound is dynamically unstable.
Novel probe based on rhodamine B and quinoline as a naked-eye colorimetric probe for dual detection of nickel and hypochlorite ions
Authors: Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Baeiszadeh Behnaz , Mohammadnejad Masoumeh , Ghasemi Razieh , Darvishi Farshad , Khatibi Ali , Shiri Morteza , Hussain Faiq H. S.
Published: October 2023

This work demonstrates the design and straightforward syntheses of several novel probe-based on rhodamine B and 2-mercaptoquinoline-3-carbaldehydes as a naked-eye colorimetric probe, indicating a sensitive and selective recognition towards nickel (II) with a limit of detection 0.30 μmol L−1 (0.02 mg L−1). Further, by employing the oxidation property of hypochlorite (OCl−), this novel probe parallelly has been deployed to detect hypochlorite in laboratory conditions with a limit of detection of 0.19 μmol mL−1 and in living cells. Regarded to negligible cell toxicity toward mammalian cells, this probe has the potential to determine these analytes in in-vivo investigation and foodstuff samples.
Regional common prosperity level and its spatial relationship with carbon emission intensity in China
Authors: Zhao Xiaochun , Long Laichun , Yin Shi
Published: October 2023

The characteristics of common prosperity include harmonious relationships between humans and the environment, as well as sustainable economic and social growth. The process of achieving common prosperity will necessarily have an impact on carbon emissions. In this article, panel statistics collected from 30 Chinese provinces and cities between the years 2006 and 2020 are utilized to assess the level of common prosperity and the intensity of carbon emissions in China. Then the SDM model is applied to explore the effects of the common prosperity level on the intensity of carbon emissions. The findings reveal that: (i) The common prosperity level in China has shown an increasing tendency. Between 2006 and 2020, the mean level of common prosperity increased from 0.254 to 0.486. From the regional perspective, eastern China has seen greater levels of common prosperity than central China, while central China has experienced greater levels of common prosperity than western China; regional disparities in the degree of common prosperity are substantial among Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2020; the common prosperity level is relatively high in economically developed provinces and relatively low in economically backward provinces. (ii) China's carbon emission intensity shows a continuous downward tendency. The annual average intensity of China's carbon emissions decreased from 4.458 in 2006 to 2.234 in 2020. From the regional perspective, the three main regions' carbon emission intensity likewise exhibits a decline in tendency between 2006 and 2020; still, western China continues to have the greatest carbon emission intensity, following central China, while eastern China has the smallest; however, certain provinces, notably Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, continue to have high carbon emission intensity. (iii) China's common prosperity level and carbon emission intensity both exhibit positive spatial autocorrelation at a 1% significant level under the adjacency matrix. The spatial agglomeration effect is significant, and adjacent provinces can affect each other. (iv) The SDM (Spatial Durbin Model) model test with fixed effects finds that the increase in the level of common prosperity suppresses the intensity of carbon emissions in the local area and neighboring regions. (v) The mediating effects model indicates that the process of common prosperity suppresses carbon emission intensity through high-quality economic development, narrowing the income disparity, and the development of a sharing economy.
Partner relationships, hopelessness, and health status strongly predict maternal well-being: an approach using light gradient boosting machine
Authors: Ooba Hikaru , Maki Jota , Tabuchi Takahiro , Masuyama Hisashi
Published: October 2023

No recent study has explicitly focused on predicting the well-being of pregnant women. This study used data from an extensive online survey in Japan to examine the predictors of the subjective well-being of pregnant women. We developed and validated a light Gradient Boosting Machine (lightGBM) model using data from 400 pregnant women in 2020 to identify three factors that predict subjective well-being. The results confirmed that the model could predict subjective well-being in pregnant women with 84% accuracy. New variables that contributed significantly to this prediction were "partner help", "hopelessness," and "health status". A new lightGBM model was built with these three factors, trained and validated using data from 400 pregnant women in 2020, and predicted using data from 1791 pregnant women in 2021, with an accuracy of 88%. These factors were also significant risk factors for subjective well-being in the regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, region, parity, education level, and the presence of mental illness. Mediation analysis, with “hopelessness” as the mediator, showed that both “partner help” and “health status” directly and indirectly affected the outcome.
Harnessing the power of synthetic data in healthcare: innovation, application, and privacy
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Shung Dennis L.
Published: October 2023

Data-driven decision-making in modern healthcare underpins innovation and predictive analytics in public health and clinical research. Synthetic data has shown promise in finance and economics to improve risk assessment, portfolio optimization, and algorithmic trading. However, higher stakes, potential liabilities, and healthcare practitioner distrust make clinical use of synthetic data difficult. This paper explores the potential benefits and limitations of synthetic data in the healthcare analytics context. We begin with real-world healthcare applications of synthetic data that informs government policy, enhance data privacy, and augment datasets for predictive analytics. We then preview future applications of synthetic data in the emergent field of digital twin technology. We explore the issues of data quality and data bias in synthetic data, which can limit applicability across different applications in the clinical context, and privacy concerns stemming from data misuse and risk of re-identification. Finally, we evaluate the role of regulatory agencies in promoting transparency and accountability and propose strategies for risk mitigation such as Differential Privacy (DP) and a dataset chain of custody to maintain data integrity, traceability, and accountability. Synthetic data can improve healthcare, but measures to protect patient well-being and maintain ethical standards are key to promote responsible use.
Replacement reactions for carbon geosequestration may be faster in calcium olivine vs magnesium olivine
Authors: Chen Hsieh
Published: October 2023

CO2 mineralization is the safest CO2 geosequestration method with the highest sequestration capacity. Even though there have been lab and pilot-scale demonstrations, the complex chemical reaction is still elusive at atomic level. Here, I show that the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and metadynamics simulations enable quantitative analysis of reaction pathways, thermodynamics, and kinetics of the Mg2+ and Ca2+ ion dissolutions from olivine minerals, which have high weathering potential for carbonation process. The leaching of Ca2+ from the Ca-olivine surface is a ligand exchange process that results in a much lower energy barrier with 103 times faster dissolution rate compared to the leaching of Mg2+, which the tight magnesium sites on the forsterite (Mg-olivine) surface forbid ligand exchange. These results provide indication on water capabilities in solvating Ca2+ and Mg2+ that are relevant to mineral carbonation and can help the evaluation of potential enhanced CO2 mineralization mechanisms.
Stochastic Emerging Resistive Memories for Unconventional Computing
Authors: Wang Dingchen , Shi Shuhui , Zhang Yi , Shang Dashan , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu , Wang Zhongrui
Published: October 2023

Stochasticity plays a critical role in biological neural systems, which also inspires various statistical learning approaches. However, conventional digital electronics on silicon-based transistors practice deterministic Boolean logic, making it less favorable for solving problems involving stochasticity. This is further intensified by the von Neumann bottleneck of digital systems and the slowdowns of Moore’s law. Emerging resistive memory, such as those based on redox reactions and phase transitions, features intrinsic stochasticity due to their underlying physical mechanisms. In addition, such devices integrate storage and computing functions, like that of the brain. They are also endowed with superior scalability and stack-ability due to their simple and low-cost structures. In this chapter, we will survey the broad spectrum of unconventional computing applications of stochastic emerging resistive memories (RMs) from their physics origin to system-level applications. Firstly, we review the mainstream resistive memories and the origin of stochasticity in both programming and charge transport. Secondly, we explore how the stochasticity of RMs benefits bio-inspired computing, including artificial neural networks, spiking neural networks, and reservoir computing. Thirdly, we discuss how stochasticity benefits energy-based networks, such as Hopfield networks, in solving optimization problems. Fourthly, we survey the applications to cybersecurity, including how the cycle-to-cycle (C2C) variation is leveraged for random number generation and how the device-to-device (D2D) variation contributes to hardware identities. Last but not least, we introduce RM-based probability bit generation and bit stream decorrelation for probabilistic computing, with applications to Bayesian neural networks and Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms.
Memory, Memristive, and Neuromorphic Devices Based on Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Liang Xiaogan
Published: October 2023

This chapter presents a review of recent research activities seeking to implement two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides for making memory and memristive devices as well as demonstrating preliminary neuromorphic systems. The first section will discuss the special electronic and morphological properties of transition metal dichalcogenides, which could be investigated and further exploited for realizing memory, memristive, and neuromorphic functions. These attractive characteristics related to layered materials have led to several prototype memory and memristive devices, including multi-bit transistor-based memories, memristive transistors, memristors exhibiting analogue switching characteristics, multi-terminal memristors enabling ionic coupling functions, and neuromorphic light-response devices capable of emulating synaptic and neuronal responses to external simulations. The subsequent sections will review these different types of memory and memristive devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides and present the discussion on their technical advantages and disadvantages as compared to the state-of-the-art counterpart devices as well as the potential features that need further research effort.
Memory Devices and Artificial Synapses with 2D Materials
Authors: Krishnaprasad Adithi , Roy Tania
Published: October 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained prominence as memory devices and in next generation computing platforms, such as neuromorphic computing. Semi-metallic graphene is used as electrodes in memory devices with reduced power consumption. Insulating and semiconducting 2D materials exhibit memristive behavior, thus finding use in random access memory and as analog memory for artificial synapses. The switching in memory devices with 2D materials is due to the formation of localized conductive filaments, due to the unique interface between the 2D material and the metal electrode, or by means of phase transition. Synaptic devices are realized with ferroelectric 2D materials. Charge trapping in transistors and floating gate field effect transistors is used to realize non-volatile memory. The large family of 2D materials offers a variety of options to realize memristive stacks and transistors for memory and neuromorphic computing.
Oxide Neuromorphic Transistors for Brain-like Computing
Authors: Peng Baocheng , Wan Qing
Published: October 2023

The brain surpasses traditional von Neumann computers in multiple ways, such as its efficiency in energy consumption and resilience to damage. This has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years, leading to the development of brain-inspired computing and emerging neuromorphic devices. This includes both transistor-based and memristor devices. The focus of this chapter is on oxide transistor-based neuromorphic devices. The functions of biological synapses and neurons are briefly discussed, followed by an overview of the working mechanism and progress in oxide neuromorphic transistors, including electrolyte-gate oxide neuromorphic transistors, ferroelectric-gate oxide neuromorphic transistors, and floating-gate oxide neuromorphic transistors. The article concludes with a summary of the progress made and future prospects.
Resistive Switching-based Neuromorphic Devices for Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Chougale Mahesh Y. , Shaukat Rayyan Ali , Patil Swapnil R. , Noman Muhammad , Kim Jungmin , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Umair , Bae Jinho
Published: October 2023

The integration of software- and hardware-based brain computing is attracting attention to develop future artificial neural network systems. In this chapter, we have discussed materials modification, device engineering, sensory neuro-electronics, and flexible memristor devices for ANNs. Moreover, the basic properties of brain computing such as potentiation, depression, STDP, and SRDP have been discussed by modulating electrical stimuli like the amplitude and width of the applied pulse as well as sensory effects like optical stimuli and mechanical pressure (tactile stimuli). The effect of active materials and electrodes on neuromorphic properties has been discussed through various mechanisms such as charge transport, ferroelectric effects, ionic drift, and movement of oxygen vacancies. Hence, this chapter provides a way for the future advancement of memristive devices in artificial neural network (ANN) systems.
Silicon-based Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices
Authors: Wang Yue , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong
Published: October 2023

Silicon (Si) is one of the most important materials for very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits, which has achieved great success in microelectronics. The advanced mature technology and the low cost of Si have attracted interest for exploring its use in optoelectronic synaptic devices. Si-based heterostructures with rationally designed energy-band alignments pave the way to optoelectronic synaptic devices with a series of advantages such as higher optical sensitivity and lower energy consumption. In this work, we introduce the use of Si-based heterostructures to develop optoelectronic synaptic devices that are based on bulk Si, Si nanomembranes (Si NMs) and Si nanocrystals (Si NCs). The working mechanisms and existing practical applications of these devices are discussed in terms of energy-band alignment. The continuous exploration of Si-based heterostructures contributes to the optoelectronic implementation of neuromorphic systems in the future.
A specific visual-volumetric sensor for mercury ions based on smart hydrogel
Authors: Zhang Shenghai , Qu Wenzhong , Chen Simeng , Guo Dian , Xue Kaixi , Li Run , Zhang Jidong , Yang Lingjian
Published: October 2023

Fluorescein and uracil functionalized polyacrylamide hydrogel results in a superb selective visual-volumetric response to mercury ion.
Deformation, damage, and reaction characteristics during the collision between Ni and Al nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Xie Yifan , Shao Jian-Li , Chen Pengwan
Published: October 2023

The exothermic reaction during the collision between nanoparticles is of importance for the engineering applications of energetic powder materials.
Boosting the catalytic performance of metal–zeolite catalysts in the hydrocracking of polyolefin wastes by optimizing the nanoscale proximity
Authors: Han Xinlei , Zhou Xinru , Ji Tuo , Zeng Feng , Deng Weiping , Tang Zhenchen , Chen Rizhi
Published: October 2023

Loading Pt exclusively on the surface of USY constructs a consecutive hydrocracking process of polyolefin wastes.
Structure-directing role of CH⋯X (X = C, N, S, Cl) interactions in three ionic cobalt complexes: X-ray investigation and DFT study using QTAIM Vr predictor to eliminate the effect of pure Coulombic forces
Authors: Bera Susovan , Bhunia Sudip , Gomila Rosa M. , Drew Michael G. B. , Frontera Antonio , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen-bonding interactions involving aromatic and aliphatic CH bonds as H bond donors and the pseudo-halide co-ligands as H-bond acceptors in cobalt complexes were analyzed.
A nanoscale electrochemical guanine DNA-biosensor based on a flower-like nanocomposite of Tb-doped ZnO for the sensitive determination of pemetrexed
Authors: Abbasi Mahmoud , Jahani Shohreh , Biroudian Saeed , Boroujeni Mohammadesmaeil Aramesh , Maghfoury Fatemeh , Amini-Zadeh Mohammad , Malekyan Leila , Faramarzpoor Hamid Reza , Foroughi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: October 2023

An electrochemical biosensor based on polypyrrole/flower-like nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with Tb (FL-NP Tb3+/ZnO) and ds-DNA-modified pencil graphite electrodes is fabricated for the detection of pemetrexed.
Facile synthesis of CuONPs using Citrus limon juice for enhancing antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Rafsan Abdullah , Rahman Aminur , Akter Samia , Yeachin Nymul , Faruqe Tania , Deb Gautam Kumar , Ha Taehyeong , Hossain Khandker Saadat , Hossain Muhammad Tofazzal , Kafi Md. Abdul , Choi Jeong-Woo
Published: October 2023

The present research is designed for green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) with the aim of their application in antibiotic-free poultry farming for curving use of antibiotics in that sector.
Realising higher capacity and stability for disordered rocksalt oxyfluoride cathode materials for Li ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ying , Huang Chun
Published: October 2023

Disordered rocksalt material containing abundant transition metal elements only and C coating with improved capacity, rate capability and cycling stability for battery cathodes.
One-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds and nitro compounds via Ir-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Luo Renshi , Tong Jinghui , Ouyang Lu , Liu Liang , Liao Jianhua
Published: October 2023

A new procedure of iridium-catalyzed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds was developed, in which reduction of nitros was realized in situ with B2(OH)4 firstly, followed by reductive amination to afford amine products.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial, antibiofilm evaluation and Z/E-isomerization of novel 6-((arylamino)methylene)benzo[a] phenazin-5(6H)-ones induced by organic solvent
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Ghaleghovandi Nooshin , Moghadami Foozieh , Sadeghpour Mahdieh , Abediha Shohreh
Published: October 2023

New 6-((arylamino)methylene)benzo[a]phenazin-5(6H)-one derivatives were synthesized, and good yields were achieved through one-pot condensation of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,2-phenylenediamine, aromatic amines and triethyl orthoformate using formic acid under solvent-free conditions at 90 °C.
Study of radionuclide composition of the drinking water potential sources at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site
Authors: Krasnopyorova M. , Gorlachev I. , Kharkin P. , Dyussembayeva M. , Lukashenko S.
Published: October 2023

The contamination degree with artificial radionuclides of the “Degelen” site streams, as well as the wells and boreholes fed from the underground water sources, has been studied.
Computational assessment of the primary and secondary antioxidant potential of alkylresorcinols in physiological media
Authors: Boulebd Houssem , Spiegel Maciej
Published: October 2023

Olivetol and olivetolic acid exhibit significant antioxidant potential in physiological polar environments, acting as free radical scavengers, metal ion chelators, and inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes.
Realizing long range π-conjugation in phenanthrene and phenanthrene-based molecular crystals for anomalous piezoluminescence
Authors: Xu Tongge , Yin Xiu , Zhai Chunguang , Chen Desi , Yang Xiaoying , Hu Shuhe , Hu Kuo , Shang Yuchen , Dong Jiajun , Yao Zhen , Li Quanjun , Wang Peng , Liu Ran , Yao Mingguang , Liu Bingbing
Published: October 2023

A long range π-conjugation has been realized by the designed π–π interactions in phenanthrene/phenanthrene-based molecular crystals, forming the “transannular effect”, which can be amplified by high pressure and induce novel piezoluminescence.
Predicting the physical properties of three-component lignocellulose derived advanced biofuel blends using a design of experiments approach
Authors: Wiseman Scott , Michelbach Christian A. , Li Hu , Tomlin Alison S.
Published: October 2023

Predictive models of selected physical properties of advanced biofuel blends produced using a design of experiments methodology. C4/C5 alcohol-based blends superior to C2 ones as diesel replacements since they better match selected property limits.
UiO-66 metal–organic framework-derived ZrO2/ZnO mesoporous materials for high-efficiency detection of NO2 at room temperature
Authors: Yang Jinhong , Peng Haoran , Lin Chong , Pan Qingjiang , Qi Lixue , Li Li , Shi Keying
Published: October 2023

We synthesized ZrO2 materials with unique octahedral structure. This material exposes oxygen vacancy as the active site, and the heterostructure increases electron transfer, achieving excellent gas sensitivity to NO2 gases.
Shifting the O2 reduction pathway from H2O to H2O2via in situ reconstruction of Ti2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Yongchao , Wang Huiqing , Dong Kai , Li Haobo , Liang Jie , Li Ruizhi , Sun Shengjun , Cai Zhengwei , He Xun , Zheng Dongdong , Luo Yonglan , Alfaifi Sulaiman , Ma Dongwei , Hu Wenchuang (Walter) , Sun Xuping
Published: October 2023

In an electrochemical process, Ti2O3 undergoes in situ surface restructuring, transforming into oxygen-deficient TiO2. This change shifts the ORR from a typical 4e− pathway to a more efficient 2e− pathway, boosting hydrogen peroxide production.
Nano vs. bulk: surfactant-controlled photophysical and morphological features of luminescent lanthanide MOFs
Authors: Maxeiner Moritz , Wittig Lea , Sedykh Alexander E. , Kasper Thomas , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus
Published: October 2023

Surfactant-assisted nano-synthesis and post-synthetic modification of three archetype bulk MOFs illuminate the size-dependent morphological and photophysical property changes of nanoMOFs.
Divergent approach to nanoscale glycomicelles and photo-responsive supramolecular glycogels. Implications for drug delivery and photoswitching lectin affinity
Authors: Romero-Ben Elena , Castillejos M Carmen , Rosales-Barrios Cristian , Expósito María , Ruda Pilar , Castillo Paula M. , Nardecchia Stefania , de Vicente Juan , Khiar Noureddine
Published: October 2023

Divergent synthesis of stimuli-responsive biomaterials with varied sizes and topologies for potential applications in cancer theranostics, tissue engineering, and catalysis.
Ultralarge suspended and perforated graphene membranes for cell culture applications
Authors: Dorey Fabien , Furer Lea A. , Zehnder Sarah , Furrer Roman , Brönnimann Rolf , Shorubalko Ivan , Buerki-Thurnherr Tina
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the successful development of ultrathin (atomic thickness), large-scale (up to millimeter size) and microporous suspended graphene and verifies its promising potential as membrane for cell culture models.
Optimizing dicyandiamide pretreatment conditions for enhanced structure and electronic properties of polymeric graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Kesavan Ganesh , Sorescu Dan C. , Zeng Zidao , Askari Faezeh , He Yiwen , Rosi Nathaniel L. , Star Alexander
Published: October 2023

The impact of dicyandiamide (DCDA) precursor pretreatment prior to thermal polymerization to graphitic carbon nitride was investigated. Pretreated samples rendered the same product yield, diverse morphologies and reduced electrochemical resistance.
Emerging hyperfluorescent emitters for solid-state lighting
Authors: Behera Santosh Kumar , Costa Rubén D.
Published: October 2023

This paper highlights the molecular design principles of hyperfluorescent emitters, their fundamental photophysics, and the advances of their applications in OLEDs.
Stochastic microstructure modeling of SOC electrodes based on a pluri-Gaussian method
Authors: Marmet Philip , Holzer Lorenz , Hocker Thomas , Muser Vinzenz , Boiger Gernot K. , Fingerle Mathias , Reeb Sarah , Michel Dominik , Brader Joseph M.
Published: October 2023

A workflow for the stochastic microstructure modeling of solid oxide cell electrodes is presented. Based on a few real microstructures, the design space can be virtually explored, allowing for a subsequent optimization of microstructure properties.
Drift of invariant manifolds and transient chaos in memristor Chua's circuit
Authors: Marco Mauro Di , Forti Mauro , Pancioni Luca , Tesi Alberto
Published: October 2023

The article shows that transient chaos phenomena can be observed in a generalized memristor Chua's circuit where a nonlinear resistor is introduced to better model the real memristor behaviour. The flux‐charge analysis method is used to explain the origin of transient chaos, that is attributed to the drift of the index of the memristor circuit invariant manifolds caused by the charge flowing into the nonlinear resistor.
An efficient geometric partitioning mode by adaptive blending method for screen content coding
Authors: Lee Minhun , Oh Seoung‐Jun , Sim Donggyu
Published: October 2023

Geometric partitioning mode (GPM) was newly adopted in Versatile Video Coding (VVC) to increase the partitioning precision of the arbitrary boundaries of actual objects. Note that the blending process of the GPM is not suitable for screen content with various sharp and strong edges. To alleviate this drawback, three new GPM matrices are introduced, and an efficient GPM is proposed to utilize four different GPM matrices and implicitly determine one of them depending on the discontinuity and gradients of the two predictors. The proposed method achieves an average BD‐rate reduction of 1.2% and 1.6% without additional computational complexity for random access and low‐delay B configurations, respectively, over the VVC test model (VTM18.0).
Room temperature operation of single mode GaSb‐based DFB interband cascade lasers beyond 6.1 µm
Authors: Nauschütz Josephine , Scheuermann Julian , Weih Robert , Koeth Johannes , Schwarz Benedikt , Höfling Sven
Published: October 2023

Single‐mode distributed feedback GaSb‐based interband cascade lasers with record emission beyond 6.1 µm are presented. The results are based on an epitaxial design with reduced resonant intersubband absorption in the valence band and rebalanced internally generated carriers. The epi‐down mounted 8 µm wide and 1 mm long laser chip is operated in continuous wave mode at room temperature and covers a bandwidth of over 20 nm with temperature and current tuning. At 25°C more than 4 mW of optical output power was measured.
Reconstruction of target scattering centres based on characteristics analysis of inverse synthetic aperture radar images
Authors: Wu Hanjie , Cheng Yongqiang , Zou Runming
Published: October 2023

Due to the aircraft targets’ uncooperative character, acquiring the complete scattering characteristics of enemy aircraft is challenging. An effective reconstruction method of target scattering centres based on characteristics analysis of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is proposed in this letter. First, a positive definite manifold characterizing ISAR images of different attitudes is constructed. Then, Kullback–Leibler divergence is used as a measure of the variability between ISAR images. Finally, an ISAR image interpolation method based on the characteristics analysis of ISAR images is proposed to obtain the scattering characteristics with more attitudes. Furthermore, simulation results confirm that the proposed method is effective.
Low power and low phase noise complementary voltage controlled oscillator optimised by a meta‐heuristic algorithm
Authors: Hemmati Mohammad Jafar , Mood Sepehr Ebrahimi
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a differential complementary metal oxide semiconductor inductor‐capacitor voltage controlled oscillator (LC‐VCO). The VCO is adopted from the gate‐to‐source capacitor feedback Colpitts VCO which has the advantage of large value of negative conductance. Due to the large negative conductance, the VCO has a more reliable startup oscillation at the lower currents. The main characteristics of the VCO such as negative conductance, oscillation frequency and phase noise are discussed and analysed. The value of parameters in this circuit have been determined using Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA‐II) to have the optimum performance. The designed VCO oscillates at 2.76 GHz under a supply voltage of 1.4 V. Power dissipation of the proposed VCO is 873 μW which is significantly lower than that of some other VCOs. The post‐layout simulation results of the proposed VCO are presented and compared with the performance of some other VCOs.
HCM‐based indoor optical wireless communications: Timing and data recovery
Authors: Johar Masoud , Salehiyan Alireza , Emadi Mohammad Javad , Nezamalhosseini S. Alireza
Published: October 2023

Light‐fidelity (Li‐Fi) is a promising solution to provide high‐rate, secure, and green communications to be used in the next generation of wireless networks. Since visible or infrared (IR) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as the optical source and have a non‐linear transfer function, the transmitted modulated signal can be distorted if the signal has a high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Recently, a new modulation scheme called Hadamard‐coded modulation (HCM) is proposed which has no PAPR concern since it produces symbols with discrete levels. In the HCM technique, the symbol levels can be created using multiple LEDs. Therefore, each LED operates in its linear region and just switches on or off. A low‐complexity transceiver architecture for the HCM‐based communication links is proposed and a complete synchronisation procedure based on the spread‐spectrum techniques is presented. Finally, the bit error rate of the system is evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations, and effects of system parameters such as preamble length, fall and rise time of optical devices, and timing jitter on the bit error rate of the link are discussed.
A Study of Real-Time System of Water Distribution Networks: Case study of Hat Yai Waterwork Plant, Songkhla Province, Thailand
Authors: Jandaeng Sittichai , U-tapao Chalida
Published: October 2023

This study aims to optimize water distribution in a water supply network. One of the most important objectives for every waterwork plants is to minimize water loss in supplying system. The water supply network in Thailand is underground work and most of them have used for many years. Leakages are normally met especially when high pressure are required from demand side. This research will classify 13,580 households living around Hat Yai waterwork plant of Provincial Waterworks Authority in Hat Yai branch in Songkhla province as a demand side and put 5 water sources of Hat Yai district as a supplied side. EPANET program is used to simulate water distribution networks and SCADA application is selected to design controlling system. The result shows that water supply at the Hat Yai waterwork plant should be at least 48 meters to upper Hat Yai zone, however, booster pump may help reducing original water head to 40 meters into high-level areas. Hat Yai waterwork plant decreases energy consumption from pumping processes and also reduce water loss in water distribution system.