Relationship of the CNS Individual and TypologicalProperties and Echocardioscopy Parameters of the Heart of Highly Qualified Football Players
Authors: Shpaniuk V.V. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction.The importance and relevance of studyingthe adaptation of sportsman’s organism to training and competitive loads in modern conditions is caused by ever-increasing demands for their morphofunctional and mental capabilities. The study of the ratio of functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system by echocardioscopy indicators and their connection with the individual-typological properties of the CNS is stipulated by theoretical and practical necessity.Purpose.The goal of the research is to determine the relationship between the individual and typological properties of the central nervous system and the functional capabilities of the heart in terms of the echocardioscopy parameters in highly qualified football players.Methods. The functional characteristics of the heart were studied in highly qualified football players (n = 64) and non-sportsmen (n = 73) with different individual and typological properties of the CNS by echocardioscopy parameters. Individual and typological differences and properties of the main nervous processes were determined by the method of M.V. Makarenko using the “Diagnost-1M” computer system.Result.At rest, there were no significant differences between the mean values of heart function: end-diastolic and systolic heart volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in groups of players with different levels of individual typological properties of the CNS. There were no correlations (r = 0.21 –0.27, p = 0.063 –0.078) between them. These results may indicate that at rest, the parameters of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction in highly skilled football players represent automatic cardiac properties, and they are realized without special involvement of the higher CNS levels.There were correlations (r = 0.37–056; p = 0.024–0.036) between the studied parameters in non-sportsmen with different levels of functional nervous process mobility and statistically significant differences in the average values of end-diastolic and systolic cardiac volumes, cardiac output and blood ejection fraction. All this indicates a correlation between hemodynamic parameters and individual and typological properties of the CNS.Originality. The problem of the individual reserves of the heart gradually subjected to the regulatory influence of more economical autonomous self-regulation mechanisms in the process of long-term sports training and professional selection of football players is studied and discussed.Conclusion. Differences of average values of the heart hemodynamic parameters of individual typological properties of CNS in sportsmen and non-sportsmen were revealed. The correlation between the indexes of functional mobility of the CNS nervous processes and the indicators of cardiac activity in non-sportsmen, and the lack of correlation in highly qualified football players were found. It indicates that there is a weakening of the influence of the higher parts of the brain on the autonomous mechanisms of the heart work regulation in sportsmen.Key words:cardiovascular system, functional mobility of nervous processes, sportsmen, non-sportsmen.