bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cue Reliability Represented in the Shape of Tuning Curves in the Owl's Sound Localization System
Authors: Cazettes Fanny , Fischer Brian J. , Peña Jose L.
Published: February 2016

Optimal use of sensory information requires that the brain estimates the reliability of sensory cues, but the neural correlate of cue reliability relevant for behavior is not well defined. Here, we addressed this issue by examining how the reliability of spatial cue influences neuronal responses and behavior in the owl's auditory system. We show that the firing rate and spatial selectivity changed with cue reliability due to the mechanisms generating the tuning to the sound localization cue. We found that the correlated variability among neurons strongly depended on the shape of the tuning curves. Finally, we demonstrated that the change in the neurons' selectivity was necessary and sufficient for a network of stochastic neurons to predict behavior when sensory cues were corrupted with noise. This study demonstrates that the shape of tuning curves can stand alone as a coding dimension of environmental statistics.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn natural environments, sensory cues are often corrupted by noise and are therefore unreliable. To make the best decisions, the brain must estimate the degree to which a cue can be trusted. The behaviorally relevant neural correlates of cue reliability are debated. In this study, we used the barn owl's sound localization system to address this question. We demonstrated that the mechanisms that account for spatial selectivity also explained how neural responses changed with degraded signals. This allowed for the neurons' selectivity to capture cue reliability, influencing the population readout commanding the owl's sound-orienting behavior.
Dopaminergic Contributions to Vocal Learning
Authors: Hoffmann Lukas A. , Saravanan Varun , Wood Alynda N. , He Li , Sober Samuel J.
Published: February 2016

Although the brain relies on auditory information to calibrate vocal behavior, the neural substrates of vocal learning remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that lesions of the dopaminergic inputs to a basal ganglia nucleus in a songbird species (Bengalese finches,Lonchura striata var. domestica) greatly reduced the magnitude of vocal learning driven by disruptive auditory feedback in a negative reinforcement task. These lesions produced no measureable effects on the quality of vocal performance or the amount of song produced. Our results suggest that dopaminergic inputs to the basal ganglia selectively mediate reinforcement-driven vocal plasticity. In contrast, dopaminergic lesions produced no measurable effects on the birds' ability to restore song acoustics to baseline following the cessation of reinforcement training, suggesting that different forms of vocal plasticity may use different neural mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring skill learning, the brain relies on sensory feedback to improve motor performance. However, the neural basis of sensorimotor learning is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in regulating vocal learning in the Bengalese finch, a songbird with an extremely precise singing behavior that can nevertheless be reshaped dramatically by auditory feedback. Our findings show that reduction of dopamine inputs to a region of the songbird basal ganglia greatly impairs vocal learning but has no detectable effect on vocal performance. These results suggest a specific role for dopamine in regulating vocal plasticity.
Designing Reading Materials for the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Authors: Yusnita Devi
Published: February 2016

This research is aimed to design reading materials for the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UIN Syarif HIdayatullah Jakarta, due to the absence of such specific materials in the market. To produce satisfactory teaching materials, the researcher did some steps i.e. doing needs analysis, reviewing the principles of materials design and reading strategies, designing course framework, designing syllabus, designing the reading materials, and implementing the sample lessons. The needs analysis was intended to find out what the students needed and to find out the subjects the students learned from the institution in order to produce adequate reading materials. Based on the needs analysis, the researcher then identified the global aims of the course, thereby, the writer designed course framework. This course framework contained general points of reading themes and topics, information of classroom activities that followed up reading, the length of study session, the number of the course meetings, and the number of participants. The course framework became the basis to write the syllabus. Finally the syllabus became the basis for designing reading materials.
NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN BUDAYA LOKAL ORANG RIMBA (Studi pada Suku Minoritas Rimba di Kecamatan Air Hitam Provinsi Jambi)
Authors: Takiddin Takiddin
Published: February 2016

This article was written to provide an overview of the values  of local wisdom in the culture of Orang Rimba (Jungle People) in Black Water District Sarolangun Jambi Province. To obtain the data in question, the author conducted research by coducting interview, observation and study of literature. Orang Rimba have lifestyles and beliefs that are unique and different from the life of modern society. They looked at the forest as their residence. One belief of Orang Rimba is if there are people who died at their residence, then it is considered as an area harmful and they have to find a new place. This habit is called ”Melangun”. This belief is the main factor that affect the Orang Rimba not settled. Orang Rimba tribe regarded as backward, primitive and easily manipulated. However, if studied carrefully, Orang Rimba have so much values for us to learn, especially in their behavior with regards to natural preservation.
PERENCANAAN UMUM PENANAMAN MODAL (RUPM) KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Hamid Abdul
Published: February 2016

This study aims to formulate and plan for capital investment policy and also to formulating investment improvement strategy in South Tangerang City. The method used Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis. From the result indicate the direction of policy stakeholders' opinion: (1) Improvement of Investment Climate, (2) Encouraging Investment Distribution, (3) Focus on Food Development, Infrastructure and Energy, (4) Empowerment of Micro, Small, Medium, and Cooperative (MSME), (5) Provision of Facilities, Convenience, and / or the Investment Incentives, and (6) Investment Promotion. The prioritized sectors are trade, industry, hotel and restauran as first priority sector with eigenvalues vector ​​of 0.232, the second priority is health sector with eigenvalues ​​vector of .202, the third priority of education with the third largest eigen vector 0.199, the fourth priority sectors is agriculture, livestock and fisheries with eigenvalues ​​vector of 0.192 and the last priority is tourism sector with eigenvalues ​​vector only of 0.169.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i1.2054
EFISIENSI PERSAINGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH: PENDEKATAN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) DAN BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG)
Authors: Aji Rizqon Halal Syah
Published: February 2016

Islamic Banking industry in Indonesia has begun dynamic. Product availability and standardization of Islamic banking products, the level of understanding by the public of products of Islamic banks and human resources. Market share of Islamic Banking in Indonesia to lock everything. Recent data Directorate of Islamic Banking in 2011 reached Rp 127,19 T, assets of BPRS amounting to Rp 3.35 T, can be calculated total Islamic banking assets as of October 2011 reached Rp 130,5 T. Financing very important factor, Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA) is a measuring instrument of financing. Map of the Bank's performance in the competition between banks can be analyzed by matrix BCG (Boston Consulting Group). This matrix is used to describe the difference between the position of the relative market share of the Bank.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i1.2059
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EQUALITY IN REDUCING POVERTY
Authors: Muttaqin Zaenal
Published: February 2016

In some developing countries, the instrument to alleviate the poverty is by using the economic growth. So, the increasing in investment, infrastructure development, and macroeconomics stability always be priority from developing countries. In this article explain that economic growth is not the important factor to alleviate the poverty, because equality sometimes is more important rather than the economic growth. In this context, its measure by inequality growth trade off index (IGTI). This method is to measure the influence of economic growth to reducing the inequality, with this method every country can measure which one is better to reducing the poverty whether the economic growth or equality. With this method, Laos in 2000 show that economic growth is more important than equality, but in the same year in Thailand show that equality is more important than economic growth.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v1i1.2592
HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS INVESTASI DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA
Authors: Amalia Fitri
Published: February 2016

This research aim to know how the relation of causality between investment, in this case governmental investment and investment of private sector with growth of Indonesia. Data applied is data time series during 36 years and is secondary data. There are some variable applied in this research, that is: growth of chartered investment counsel proxy with value GDP, investment of government proxy with disbursement of government, investment of foreign private sector (PMA) and investment of domestic private sector (PMDN). Method applied analyst to the relation of causality is with approach of model Vector Auto Regression (VAR). To test there are no of the relation of causal between variable is applied [by] causality test Granger. Result of testing of Granger indicates that there are three the relation of concurrent. Based on the result, hence chartered gross domestic product (GDP), governmental investment and investment of domestic private sector (PMDN) in significant influences investment of foreign private sector (PMA) and not happened on the contraryDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v2i1.2370
MARK UP MARGIN DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DI BAITUL MAAL WATTAMWIL
Authors: Yaman Bahrul , Setiawan Heri
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Third Party Fund, Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR) toward Mark up margin and its implication to Murabahah Financing in BMT.. BMT study population is located in South Jakarta and Tangerang, which had stood at least 5 years and already have a good financial statements and according to standards that have been set. All sample was determined using convenience sampling, the samples were chosen based on the ease of obtaining data and not troublesome to measure and cooperative. This research used path analysis method with decomposition model. The result of substructure I indicate that Third Party Fund, Non Performing Financing (NPF) and Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR) variabels have significantly effect to the Mark up margin. The result of substructure II indicate that Third Party Fund and Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR) have significantly effect to the Murabahah Financing.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v2i1.2371
Front Matter
Authors: Signifikan_2014 Jurnal
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i1.2287
Front Matter
Authors: Signifikan_2014 Jurnal
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2289
Back Matter
Authors: Signifikan_2015 Jurnal
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v4i2.2308
SOIL TILLAGE FOCUSING ON THE REDUCTION OF WATER EROSION OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SELECTED FIELD CROPS
Authors: NOVÁK Petr , MAŠEK Jiří , HŮLA Josef , BENEŠ Lukáš , KUMHÁLOVÁ Jitka
Published: February 2016

Water erosion is a problem of global significance. Water erosion destroys or damages a vast expanse of usable agricultural land every year. Conditions in the Czech Republic are characterized by high average slope of the land. It is reported that approximately half of land in the Czech Republic is threatened by water erosion. Water erosion is a natural process that cannot be fully prevented. In case of agricultural land an important option is suitable tillage, which may reduce symptoms of water erosion. The problem of water erosion of agricultural land is growing in the Czech Republic, which is mainly caused by the growth of wide areas of crops (maize). This is due to expansion of biogas power plants using parts of maize silage. The aim of paper is to evaluate and assess the crop stand establishment in conditions of resistance to water erosion. For this purpose, a field experiment was set up. This experiment affects the most widely used methods of maize cultivation in Central Bohemia region. It consists of six variants of crops and technologies stand establishment and control treatment without vegetation. To determine the surface runoff and erosive wash was used measurement by runoff microplots. From processed measurement the positive impact of reduced tillage on soil resistance to water erosion results can be confirmed. The consequence is a reduction of surface runoff and especially erosive washes of soil. Impact of ground cover with organic matter is favorable, even in case of conventional tillage. The results of the experiment are directly applicable to agricultural practices. Results of the experiment were used for the legislative recommendations of appropriate technology (wide-row crops on slopes).
Idea zmartwychwstania w najstarszych religiach Bliskiego Wschodu
Authors: Pycia Janusz
Published: February 2016

Spojrzenie na religie Bliskiego Wschodu pod kątem wiary w zmartwychwstanie ukazuje, że najbardziej rozwinięta wiara dotycząca życia po śmierci występuje w kulturze egipskiej i perskiej. W pierwszej wyraźne jest przekonanie o konieczności posiadania „nowego ciała” w celu przebywania w obecności boga słońca Re, natomiast w drugiej, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę zaratusztrianizm, wyraźnie ukazuje się postać Saoszjanta, mającego poprowadzić ludzi do ostatecznego zwycięstwa z siłami zła i ustanawiającego bezpośrednie królestwo Ahura Mazdy. Ciekawa jest także w wierzeniach Persów wzmianka na temat trzeciego dnia, jako czasu przejścia duszy zmarłego z „tego świata” i stanięcie przed indywidualnym sądem. Ten ostatni ma także miejsce w wierzeniach egipskich, według których jest on momentem moralnego rozliczenia zmarłego z ziemskiego życia. W przypadku kultury mezopotamskiej i fenickiej, choć istniała w nich wiara w pewną formę nieustannego życia po śmierci w podziemiach, nieśmiertelność dotyczyła jedynie bóstw lub monarchów, a idea „zmartwychwstania” jako odrodzenia dotyczyła wyłącznie corocznego odrodzenia przyrody, które zgodnie z wierzeniami zawdzięczano działaniu bóstw płodności.
Growth and physiological characteristics of the weed false johnsongrass ( Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf)
Authors: Martins Deborah Amorim , Jakelaitis Adriano , Cardoso Isabella Sichierski , Costa Alan Carlos , Sales Juliana de Fátima
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf is a weed that belongs to the Poaceae family and is widespread throughout Brazil. Despite the frequent occurrence, infesting cultivated areas, there is little research concerning the biology and physiology of this species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth, carbon partitioning and physiological characteristics of the weed Sorghum arundinaceum in greenhouse. Plants were collected at regular intervals of seven days, from 22 to 113 days after transplanting (DAT). In each sample, we determined plant height, root volume, leaf area and dry matter, and subsequently we perfomed the growth analysis, we have determined the dry matter partitioning among organs, the accumulation of dry matter, the specific leaf area, the relative growth rate and leaf weight ratio. At 36, 78 and 113 DAT, the photosynthetic and transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, CO2 concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were evaluated. The Sorghum arundinaceum reached 1.91 in height, with slow initial growth and allocated much of the biomass in the roots. The photosynthetic rate and the maximum quantum yield of FSII are similar throughout the growth cycle. At maturity the Sorghum arundinaceum presents higher values of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ).
Caracterização agronômica e pós-colheita das bananeiras 'Maravilha' e 'Preciosa' no Submédio do Vale São Francisco
Authors: Silva Marlon Jocimar Rodrigues da , Jesus Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues de , Anjos João Marcos Chagas dos , Machado Marilza , Ribeiro Valtemir Gonçalves
Published: February 2016

RESUMO A caracterização e a avaliação de novos genótipos de bananeira é uma etapa importante, tanto para os programas de melhoramento genético quanto para a indicação aos produtores. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a produção e a qualidade de frutos, em pós-colheita, das bananeiras 'Maravilha' e 'Preciosa', no primeiro e segundo ciclo de produção, cultivadas no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. As mudas, produzidas por cultura de tecidos, foram transplantadas para o campo com seis meses de idade, cultivadas no espaçamento de 3 x 3 m. Nos dois ciclos avaliados, para todas as características, foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos (cultivares), dez repetições e duas plantas úteis por parcela, com bordadura externa ao ensaio. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: ciclo de produção (dias entre plantio e colheita), altura de planta, perímetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas adultas, massa da matéria fresca do cacho, número de pencas e de frutos por cacho, massa da matéria fresca da segunda penca; número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da segunda penca, relação polpa/casca, firmeza, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT. O cultivar 'Maravilha' apresentou características de planta e de produção superiores às do 'Preciosa'; quanto às características físico-químicas, o 'Preciosa' apresentou frutos com maiores teores de açúcares, todavia, menores em tamanho; para as demais características, os dois cultivares apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes entre si, no primeiro e no segundo ciclo de produção.
A aposta na tessitura de redes como inovação do trabalho no campo sociojurídico
Authors: Ferrari Anne Karoline , Tavares Gilead Marchezi
Published: February 2016

Resumo: As práticas de assistentes sociais e psicólogos no campo sociojurídico capixaba contam histórias que desvelam tanto os modos de funcionamento instituídos naquele espaço laboral, quanto provocam a desestabilização do saber/poder daquelas categorias profissionais, descortinando as formas de resistência que têm sido forjadas cotidianamente em favor de uma postura ético-política de defesa da vida, na contramão de sua recorrente judicialização, como o investimento no trabalho em rede.
A construção da sexologia como profissão em Portugal: composição de um grupo profissional e tipos de sexólogos
Authors: Alarcão Violeta , Machado Fernando Luís , Giami Alain
Published: February 2016

Resumo Este estudo visa discutir a emergência da profissão de sexólogo em Portugal, comparando a sua evolução com as tendências internacionais. Procura igualmente compreender as autoidentificações profissionais dos sexólogos e os sentidos que eles lhes atribuem. A informação empírica apresentada resulta de um inquérito por questionário a 91 sexólogos identificados através das principais associações profissionais e de 44 entrevistas aprofundadas junto de peritos selecionados através de uma amostragem intencional para assegurar a diversidade dos sexólogos portugueses. Os resultados do inquérito indicam que em média o sexólogo português tem 43 anos, é maioritariamente do sexo feminino, não médico, e tem formação em sexologia. Considerando as habilitações, os percursos profissionais e as atividades desenvolvidas no campo, e os discursos dos entrevistados relativos aos seus ideais de profissão, obtivemos uma tipologia com cinco categorias: sexólogos por vocação, sexólogos pela prática clínica, sexólogos por certificação, sexólogos-cientistas sociais e sexólogos por mediatização. A pesquisa identificou uma interessante diversidade de práticas e conceções profissionais no campo da sexologia portuguesa. Ser sexólogo parece estar mais ligado aos ideais sobre a profissão do que ao tempo dedicado à mesma.
Growth of Hymenaea stigonocarpa as a function of the addition of residues in degraded soil
Authors: Mizobata Kellian K. G. S. , Santos Cinthia M. , Maltoni Kátia L. , Faria Gláucia A. , Cassiolato Ana M. R.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT In areas where soil surface horizons were removed, the main edaphic problems are reduced amounts of organic matter and nutrients. Revegetation, especially with native species, has been indicated to recover these areas. Under this perspective, the present research has been developed to evaluate the contribution of organic and agro-industrial residues, as conditioners of soil fertility and their effects on initial growth of 'Jatobá-do-cerrado' seedlings. The treatments consisted of 4 agro-industrial residue doses (0, 15, 30 and 45 Mg ha-1) and 4 organic residue doses (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), with 16 treatments and 10 replicates. After 8 months of development, the soil was evaluated for phosphorus, organic matter, hydrogen potential, potassium, calcium, magnesium, potential acidity, aluminum and sum of bases, and plants were evaluated for leaf chlorophyll, height, collar diameter, fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots, and root length. The addition of residues to the degraded soil increased the fertility by raising calcium and magnesium levels. Agro-industrial residues contributed to increasing height, shoot dry matter and chlorophyll of H. stigonocarpa, while organic residues improved shoot fresh matter and chlorophyll.
Potential of sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators
Authors: Alves Jailson do C. , Souza Adailson P. de , Pôrto Mônica L. A. , Fontes Renildes L. F. , Arruda Jandeilson , Marques Luciano F.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Studies concerning the tolerance, absorption and distribution of heavy metals in plants are essential for the success of phytoremediation programs. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the potential of the sunflower, castor bean, common buckwheat and vetiver as lead phytoaccumulators. The species were grown in nutrient solution containing increasing doses of Pb (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) during a 30-day exposure period. A completely randomized split-plot design was used, with a 4 x 5 factorial and three replicates. Significant reductions of dry matter of the root, shoot and whole plant were found in the all species under study as a function of the increased Pb doses. Vetiver showed higher tolerance to Pb contamination; sunflower and castor bean had intermediate tolerance and the common buckwheat proved to be the most sensitive species. The concentration and total content of Pb in plant compartments were significantly affected by the increased Pb doses in solution, and higher accumulation of this element was observed, in general, in the roots of the studied species. Common buckwheat proved to be not much promising for Pb-phytoremediation programs; sunflower showed potential for Pb phytoextraction and castor bean and vetiver were the most appropriate for Pb phytostabilization.
Behavior of reinforced concrete columns strenghtened by partial jacketing
Authors: FERREIRA D. B. , GOMES R. B. , CARVALHO A. L. , GUIMARÃES G. N.
Published: February 2016

This article presents the study of reinforced concrete columns strengthened using a partial jacket consisting of a 35mm self-compacting concrete layer added to its most compressed face and tested in combined compression and uniaxial bending until rupture. Wedge bolt connectors were used to increase bond at the interface between the two concrete layers of different ages. Seven 2000 mm long columns were tested. Two columns were cast monolithically and named PO (original column) e PR (reference column). The other five columns were strengthened using a new 35 mm thick self-compacting concrete layer attached to the column face subjected to highest compressive stresses. Column PO had a 120mm by 250 mm rectangular cross section and other columns had a 155 mm by 250mm cross section after the strengthening procedure. Results show that the ultimate resistance of the strengthened columns was more than three times the ultimate resistance of the original column PO, indicating the effectiveness of the strengthening procedure. Detachment of the new concrete layer with concrete crushing and steel yielding occurred in the strengthened columns.
Tooth Abnormalities and Occlusal Disorders in Individuals with Frontonasal Dysplasia
Authors: Dainezi Vanessa Benetello , Das Neves Lucimara Teixeira , Da Silva Dalben Gisele , Gomide Marcia Ribeiro
Published: February 2016

Objective

Frontonasal dysplasia is a rare developmental defect of the midface, and little is known about the dental involvement in individuals with this condition. This study investigated tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders in individuals with frontonasal dysplasia.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.

Interventions

Clinical oral examination, analysis of patient records, and panoramic radiographs.

Participants

A total of 20 individuals with frontonasal dysplasia aged 7 to 17 years.

Main Outcome Measures

Prevalence of the several tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders analyzed.

Results

A total of 19 individuals presented at least one tooth abnormality, with highly variable findings. In radiographs, 20% of individuals (all presenting oral clefts) presented agenesis of lateral incisors and second premolars. No supernumerary teeth were observed; 65% of individuals exhibited occlusal alterations, especially anterior open bite in the two individuals with median cleft lip.

Conclusions

Variable clinical and radiographic alterations were observed, probably due to the large variety of phenotypic characteristics. No specific dental alteration could be related with frontonasal dysplasia.
Patient and caregiver perceptions of a pre-filled diluent syringe (MixPro®)
Authors: Munn James , Khair Kate , Scott Andrew , Shoemark Robyn , Spires Julia , Jensen Morten Lind , Wirz Reto
Published: February 2016

Prophylactic coagulation factor replacement is increasingly the treatment modality of choice for people with haemophilia (PWH). Currently available recombinant factor products require reconstitution from a lyophilised powder and diluent, and a range of infusion systems is available to assist in this process. This study aimed to understand the properties of a reconstitution/infusion system that are most important to PWH and carers of children with haemophilia (CWH), and to assess two available systems produced by Novo Nordisk for the reconstitution and infusion of activated recombinant factor VII and recombinant factor VIII: the original infusion system and the newer MixPro® system. Both were tested by a group of 67 PWH or carers of CWH who were naïve to them. Participants rated the performance of each system against 18 predefined parameters using the 7-point Likert scale, and ranked the importance of these parameters to the design of an infusion system. They also directly compared the performance of the two systems and provided qualitative feedback. Overall, MixPro® was preferred to the original system by 94% of study participants. This was reflected in the performance scores for individual parameters, with scores in 16/18 parameters being significantly higher for MixPro® (p<0.05) than the original system. Low contamination risk was seen as the most important criterion in the design and choice of an infusion system, with 97% regarding MixPro® as the superior system in this category. The MixPro® system was perceived as being quick, easy to use, convenient and portable. It is hoped that these findings may help guide the future design of infusion systems for PWH.
Salud y recreo: los balnearios de Galicia y el descubrimiento de una periferia turística en el primer tercio del siglo XX
Authors: Vallejo-Pousada Rafael
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos principales. Uno, mostrar la importancia balnearia de Galicia en el primer tercio del siglo XX, utilizando una fuente novedosa con este fin, la Estadística Administrativa de la Contribución Industrial y de Comercio. Dos, poner de relieve que los mejores balnearios gallegos (Mondariz, A Toxa) van a constituirse en piezas de un proyecto de modernización económica de Galicia, del que el desarrollo turístico formó parte. Este desarrollo turístico incluía la proyección internacional, a través de la captación de clientes y de iniciativas empresariales foráneas, fundamentalmente británicas. Los balnearios elitistas gallegos, se explica, contribuyeron a descubrir una periferia del placer entre 1898 y 1914. El impulso procedió de empresarios locales, vinculados a dichos balnearios, a la banca local, a la industria conservera, a los negocios portuarios y al transporte marítimo.
Exploring the Link between Corporate Governance and Efficiency of Italian Water Utilities
Authors: Romano Giulia , Guerrini Andrea , Leardini Chiara
Published: February 2016

The present paper analyzes the linkage between the corporate governance of Italian water utilities (ownership, board size and board composition) and their efficiency measured through data envelopment analysis (DEA). Using a general panel data regression model, we found that board size negatively affects the efficiency of water utilities. Moreover, the presence of directors with political affiliations or who are/were members of local or national government negatively affects efficiency, and the presence of directors with a degree on the board has a slight negative effect on productivity. Conversely, other variables (ownership, gender diversity and average age of board members) were found not to affect the efficiency of Italian water utilities. The existence of economies of scale was also confirmed.
The possibility of using selective embryo transfer in the oocyte donation programmes
Authors: Gabaraeva Victoria Vladislavovna , Kalugina Alla Stanislavovna
Published: February 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze the outcomes of donation programmes with selective embryo transfer and double embryo transfer using native and vitrified donor oocytes.
Results of operative obstetrical activity in modern obstetrics
Authors: Krasnopol’skiy Vladislav Ivanovich , Logutova Lidiya Sergeevna , Buyanova Svetlana Nikolaevna , Chechneva Marina Aleksandrovna , Akhlediani Ketsvan Nodarievna
Published: February 2016

Cesarean section (CS) is the most widespread operation despite of high frequency of intra and post operational complications as opposed to spontaneous delivery. The aim of investigation (objective) is the analysis of outcomes of CS in every stages during and after CS. Material and methods. There is a retrospective analysis of 675 patients after CS. 60 women after pregnancy; 75 patients with insolvent scar after previous CS during planning of the next pregnancy; 540 scarred pregnant women in term and 24 pregnant women with implantation in the scar. Results. The application of the secondary sutures is indicated in the case of insufficient sutures on the uterine wall. The metroplastic operation is indicated during the next pregnancy. The insufficiency of the previous uterine scar is the indication for CS in more than 70 %. The earliest diagnosis of the localization of the placenta in the scar is desirable. The most cautious method of pregnancy interruption should be used with immediate or postponed metroplastic.
Role of kidney function change in development of low urinary tract during pregnancy
Authors: Osipova Natalya Anatolyevna , Niauri Dariko Aleksandrovna , Gzgzyan Alexander Mkrtichevich , Ziyatdinova Gyulnara Mykhmankulyevna
Published: February 2016

Background. During pregnancy many women suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The etiology and pathogenesis of urinary loss during pregnancy remain still unclear. Normal pregnancy is known to be associated with functional changes in various physiological systems. Changes of kidney function, on the one hand, are the part of physiological changes during pregnancy, on the other hand - can promote urinary incontinence. Purposes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the role of kidney function changes in development of LUTS during pregnancy. Materials and methods. A total of 270 women with the physiological course of pregnancy (83 in the I first trimest, 78 - in the II trimester and 109 - in the III trimester) aged from 18 till 44 years, with no LUTS before the current pregnancy were examined. Blood serum and urine osmolality was determined with MT-4 milliosmometer (“Burevestnik”, Russia); the concentration of serum and urine creatinine, sodium, potassium and magnesium ions were determined with automatic Abbott Architect 8000 analyzer. LUTS are revealed in 81.9 ± 2.3% of pregnant women. Urinary loss in pregnant women is combined with increase in diuresis. Grater diuresis is due to increasing osmotically active substances excreation, precisioly sodium. Rise in nocturnal diuresis does not lead to inversion of circadian rhythm of urine production. A direct correlation has been found between urine output and glomerular filtration rate.
Effect of integrated nutrient managementon sustainable production and profitability of field pea (Pisum sativun L.) and soil fertility in sub tropical conditions
Authors: Qureshi* Fozia , Bashir Uzma
Published: February 2016

Field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield, nutrient content in seed, nutrient uptake and nutrient availability for field pea cv. Rachna under subtropical conditions. The yield of 30 q ha-1 was observed in the treatment in which Rhizobium inoculated seeds were used in conjunction with 50 per cent recommended dose of NPKS and 20 t FYM ha-1. Maximum gross return (Rs 36000.0 ha-1) net returns (Rs 19,352.90 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2:16) were also observed in the same treatment. The highest nutrient content and uptake in seed were noticed with the application of 50 per cent NPKS + 20 tFYM ha-1 + 20 g Rhizobium kg-1 seed compared to other treatments. The available N, P, K and S increased with the application of 100 per cent NPKS + FYM 20 t ha-1 with biofertilizer.
An Empirical Examination Of A Model Of The Turnover Intentions Of Information Systems Auditors
Authors: Quarles Ross
Published: February 2016

This study addresses the applicability of existing models of auditors and accountants turnover to information systems (IS) auditors. Excessive, unprogrammed IS auditor turnover may decrease stability and expertise in an area crucial to the development, audit, and control of computerized accounting information systems. Identification of the factors affecting IS auditor turnover will better equip management to deal with that turnover. The data indicate that several factors under the direct control of management affect the turnover intentions for the sample of IS auditors examined.
Employee Stock Ownership Plans And Shareholder Wealth: An Examination Of The Market Perceptions Of The Non-Tax Effects
Authors: Sellers Keith F. , Hagan Joseph M. , Siegel Philip H.
Published: February 2016

As a means of achieving broad social and economic objectives, Congress has provided tax incentives designed to encourage Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs). The purpose of this study is to determine if some of the observed market reaction to ESOP adoption may be attributed to nontax benefits of ESOPs. This studys findings indicate that the securities market does perceive positive benefits from an ESOP other than from the tax benefits provided by Congress.
Earnings Performance And Interim Reporting
Authors: Doran David T.
Published: February 2016

This study documents that interim period earnings performance is relatively favorable to year-end earnings performance. Earnings performance is measured as the difference between reported earnings and the Value Line forecast. Additional analysis indicates the observed difference is due to a positive interim earnings performance bias not any particular negative year-end earnings performance bias. Interim earnings are found to be overstated on average about five cents per interim quarter. Previous studies have argued that since only year-end earrings are audited, they include adjustments for misstatements of previously reported interim earnings (as a result of errors, poor estimates, misallocations, etc.). The results here support the notion that management may have incentive to overstate interim (unaudited) earnings, and may do so by delaying the announcement of bad news, and/or making optimistic estimates of full fiscal year amounts requisite for interim period reporting purposes.
Redistributing Rewards To Revitalize Racing
Authors: Pescatrice Donn R. , Fragola Mary
Published: February 2016

The thoroughbred horseracing industry is mired in a situation where many of the owners of the typical unheralded racehorsethe staple of everyday horseracingare experiencing a severe financial strain as a result of an inadequate purse structure. As owners abandon the industry, an undersupply of racehorses is limiting racing opportunities and producing uncompetitive races with few entrants at many racetracks, negatively impacting industry revenue. There is a growing fear that the entire horseracing industry may be irreparably damaged if owners of these unspectacular but useful racehorses are not retained. The model developed here reveals that there exists a self-sustaining level of overall purses for a particular racemeet that can be supported by patron wagering. The proposed plan for distributing this aggregate level of purses embodies a minimum subsistence reward that ensures that owners of better horses of even the lowest quality can rain viable. The purse distribution scheme also offers the owners of higher quality horses the opportunity to earn greater returns on their racehorse investments, providing a strong incentive for owners to upgrade their racing stock. Stemming racehorse undersupply while raising racing quality is critical to enhancing patron support and industry revenue.
Individual Perceptions Of Innovation: A Multi-Dimensional Construct
Authors: Caraballo Ervin. L. , McLaughlin Gregory C.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of the research was to understand and quantify how individuals perceive the meaning of the word innovation across a specific, indentified relatively homogenous cultural group. A traditional definition of innovation generally refers to the creation of a new or novel product or service. The intent was to demonstrate that a uniquely identified cultural group, involving a homogeneous group of IT industry employees accustomed to frequent innovations, might perceive a different meaning of innovation. This paper presents findings that redefine innovation, as a three-dimensional construct. Factor analysis identifies the constructs as new, improve or change. Individuals understand the meaning of innovation in these three unique (and independent) dimensions. In addition, three independent demographic variables (gender, job function, and generational cohort) suggest that variations in the perception of innovation are job-related and age dependent. Implications are that innovation is a complex concept, adapted by individuals, to describe something more than a new product or service.
 
The Composition Of Corporate Boards Of Directors: Does Industry Matter?
Authors: Marlin Dan , Geiger Scott W.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify and examine differences in corporate board characteristics across four industries. Using a sample of 2592 US publicly traded firms, eleven board characteristics were identified and then examined across manufacturing, retail trade, finance/insurance, and services industries. Our analyses revealed significant differences in each of the eleven board characteristics examined. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
 
Managing A Franchise System: A Literature Review And A Synthesis
Authors: Diaz-Bernardo Ramon
Published: February 2016

The article reviews the line of franchising research known as managing a franchise system. The main research topics that can be found in this line of research are conflicts between franchisor and franchisee, the balance of power in the franchising system, and managing the franchisor-franchisee relationship. The author reviews some of the existing literature related to managing franchising systems and provides a synthesis and some recommendations to develop better franchising systems.
Assessing The Impact Of Medical Malpractice Awards, Tort Reform, And Investment Returns Upon Medical Malpractice Insurance Premiums
Authors: Smith William J. , Celis Tania A. , Bird Bruce M.
Published: February 2016

For most doctors, obtaining medical malpractice insurance coverage each year represents a significant expense.  During the past three decades, researchers have developed several competing theories to explain changes in the cost of obtaining medical malpractice insurance in the United States.  This article focuses on the relationship, on a nationwide basis, between medical malpractice awards, the presence of tort reform, investment returns by insurers, and the impact of each upon the cost of obtaining medical malpractice insurance.  The results of a multivariate equation are then used to analyze the relative impacts of these competing theories.
Lake Drawdown Revisited: The Value Of Two Inches Of Water
Authors: Kashian Russell , Walker Alexander , Winden Matthew
Published: February 2016

This paper uses a hedonic price model to estimate the impact of water level on the value of real estate on Lake Koshkonong in Wisconsin. Hedonic techniques are employed to show that a reduction in the lake’s water level has a significant effect on shoreline property values. The body of existing research demonstrates that changes in both the subjective and objective indicators of value are important for estimating the implicit value of water quality in hedonic analysis. This paper provides new evidence on the economic harm to lake communities created by the reduction of water levels.
Doenças Neurológicas nos Contos de Dalton Trevisan
Authors: Teive Hélio A.G. , Munhoz Renato P. , Paola Luciano de
Published: February 2016

Introdução: A relação entre a Literatura ficcional e a Medicina, em particular com a Neurologia, é bastante ampla. O objetivo desta revisão é de analisar a obra de Dalton Trevisan, considerado o mais importante escritor brasileiro de contos, com foco na descrição de enfermidades neurológicas nela contida.Material e Métodos: Os autores avaliaram os livros de Dalton Trevisan que foram publicados desde 1959 até 2012.Resultados: São apresentadas, de forma resumida, descrições de condições neurológicas frequentes, como epilepsia e doenças cerebrovasculares.Discussão: Nesta revisão são abordadas várias doenças neurológicas, de grande prevalência na população em geral, como as epilepsias e as doenças cerebrovasculares, as quais são descritas de forma objetiva e prática pelo mestre brasileiro da narrativa curta.Conclusão: O mundo ficcional do famoso contista brasileiro Dalton Trevisan está associado com inúmeros fatos do cotidiano, em particular o trágico-grotesco, e desta forma, as enfermidades neurológicas, particularmente as epilepsias e os quadros de acidente vascular encefálico, são referências que aparecem em sua obra.
Anestesia Pediátrica em Período de Imaturidade Cerebral e Perturbações do Neurodesenvolvimento
Authors: Catré Dora , Lopes Maria Francelina , Cabrita António Silvério , Silva Viana Joaquim
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Diversos estudos experimentais e clínicos sugerem que fármacos usados em anestesia pediátrica podem exercer efeitos indesejáveis sobre o sistema nervoso central imaturo. O objetivo desta revisão consistiu em avaliar os resultados e conclusões de estudos publicados na literatura sobre perturbações persistentes do neurodesenvolvimento após exposição a anestésicos de crianças em fase de imaturidade cerebral.Material e Métodos: Realizámos uma pesquisa bibliográfica em diversas bases de dados (PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library),utilizando os termos ‘Pediatric anesthesia OR Pediatric anesthetic OR Developing brain anesthetic OR Developing brain anesthesiaAND behavior disorders’ e foram incluídos os estudos em humanos, referentes a efeitos persistentes no neurodesenvolvimento após exposição a anestésicos nos primeiros quatro anos de idade.Resultados: Dez estudos retrospetivos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. Destes, sete sugerem alteração do neurodesenvolvimento por exposição de criança pequena à anestesia, por oposição aos resultados obtidos pelos restantes três.Discussão: Embora maioritariamente utilizem bases de dados amplas, os estudos encontrados são retrospetivos, variam nos grupos teste, incluem variáveis de confusão por vezes contornáveis e alguns apresentam incorreções na escolha da população teste e controlo que podem comprometer a fiabilidade dos resultados.Conclusão: As numerosas limitações dos poucos estudos clínicos disponíveis fazem com que a informação reportada ainda se considere insuficiente para mudar a prática clínica atual. No entanto, sendo indiscutível que se mantêm as recomendações para providenciar anestesia quando necessária, independentemente da idade, os alertas encontrados na literatura são preocupantes, existindo indicação para que sempre que possível sejam ponderadas alternativas que possam contribuir para diminuir os riscos da exposição anestésica.Palavras-chave: Anestesia; Anestésicos; Criança; Perturbações do Desenvolvimento; Perturbações do Comportamento; Revisão.
Como Funciona o Xénon: Mecanismos de Neuro e Cardioprotecção
Authors: Morais Ricardo , Andrade Luísa , Lourenço André , Tavares Jorge
Published: February 2016

Introdução: O xénon, um gás nobre, possui qualidades anestésicas, associadas a uma notável estabilidade hemodinâmica assim como propriedades cardioprotectoras e neuroprotectoras. As suas características físico-químicas conferem-lhe uma rápida indução e emergência anestésica, estando livre de efeitos deletérios importantes nos diversos orgãos e não apresentando teratogenicidade; o que suscitou um recente recrudescimento no interesse de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre este gás nobre, afim de compreender osseus mecanismos de acção e determinar as várias indicações que possui para a prática clínica.Material e Métodos: Revisão da literatura dos artigos considerados relevantes sobre o tema, com recurso à pesquisa de artigos indexados na Medline, com as palavras-chaves: xénon, xénon anestesia, xénon neuroproteção, xénon cardioproteção.Resultados: A aprovação do uso do xénon em doentes ASA I-II, ocorreu em Março 2007, após a realização de dois ensaios clínicos aleatorizados multicêntricos. No entanto, o seu uso na prática clínica, tem sido limitado pelo seu preço elevado. Parece pouco provável que as vantagens que oferece em relação aos restantes anestésicos justifique o seu uso em doentes ASA I-II. No entanto, poderá ser uma preciosa ajuda para a redução das co-morbilidades e mortalidade na anestesia de doentes ASA III-IV. As suas propriedades neuro e cardio-protectoras, são também alvo de intensa investigação, com resultados promissores.Discussão: Infelizmente, ainda não existem estudos de aleatorizados e multicêntricos que comprovem um perfil favorável do custobenefício do xénon em doentes ASA III-IV, em relação aos demais anestésicos.Conclusão: O lugar do xénon na Anestesiologia ainda se encontra por definir.