bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Familias de la elite, revolución y guerra. Una aproximación a partir del análisis del clan Posse en Tucumán, Argentina, 1810-1830
Authors: Bolsi Francisco
Published: January 2016

El aporte fundamental de esta investigación fue analizar el proceso de revolución e independencia iniciado a partir de 1810 a la luz de las contribuciones solicitadas para el mantenimiento del ejército revolucionario y su incidencia en la elite tucumana, pero particularmente en la familia Posse. El iniciador de este clan familiar, era un importante comerciante de origen peninsular, poseedor de una de las mayores fortunas en la ciudad de San Miguel de Tucumán en 1813. Sus hijos, naturales de la región – también se dedicaron a las actividades mercantiles. En este sentido, en este trabajo se indagó en el efecto de las contribuciones solicitadas en el entorno familiar y las estrategias utilizadas por los Posse para atravesar el período revolucionario.
Sobre la portada
Authors: Martín Orozco Marita
Published: January 2016

Breve ensayo descriptivo de la portada de la revista en cuestión
John Mraz, Looking for Mexico: Modern Visual culture and National Identity
Authors: Soto Cortés Tzutzumatzin
Published: January 2016

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Pollack, Aaron, Levantamiento “k’iche’” en Totonicapán, 1820. Los lugares de las políticas subalternas, AVANCSO, Guatemala, 2008, 252 pp
Authors: Rodríguez de Ita Guadalupe
Published: January 2016

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Maximiliano Fuentes Codera, El campo de fuerzas europeo en Cataluña. Eugeni d’Ors en los primeros años de la gran guerra
Authors: Gastón Sánchez Emiliano
Published: January 2016

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Sobre la Portada
Authors: Villa Guerrero Guadalupe
Published: January 2016

Artículo que descrive la portada del número 83 de Secuencia
Los amores de la maestra: sexualidad, moral y clase durante el peronismo
Authors: Fiorucci Flavia
Published: January 2016

Este artículo se dedica al estudio de un caso muy particular: el del sumario y la posterior exoneración de una docente, directora de una escuela, acusada en 1946 por otro miembro de la comunidad escolar de tener “relaciones amorosas con otra maestra”. A través de esta historia el trabajo analiza los discursos populares y estatales sobre la homosexualidad femenina en la Argentina de mediados del siglo xx. En una última sección se vincula el caso con las transformaciones introducidas por el régimen peronista inaugurado en 1946
María de los Ángeles Romero Frizzi, Carlos Sánchez, Jesús Mendoza, Jaime Bailón, Francisco Ruiz y Luis Arrioja, Oaxaca. Historia breve
Authors: Sigüenza Orozco Salvador
Published: January 2016

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Miradas diplomáticas: México en la correspondencia del palacio Itamaraty (1919-1939)
Authors: Crespo Regina
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se analiza cómo evolucionaron las relaciones político-culturales entre México y Brasil en el periodo de 1919 a 1939, a partir del estudio de la correspondencia de los representantes diplomáticos brasileños en México. Se busca entender hasta qué punto el histórico aislamiento político y cultural de Brasil en el continente, su tradicional política de alineamiento con Estados Unidos y el evidente conservadurismo de su gobierno intervinieron en la imagen que sus diplomáticos construyeron de México y los mexicanos en sus análisis de los conocomientos culturales y políticos del país.
Catolicismo y condición femenina: representaciones de género sobre la maternidad y la domesticidad en la prensa del suroeste bonaerense argentino a principios del siglo XX
Authors: Bracamonte Lucía
Published: January 2016

En el presente artículo se identifican y describenlos significados atribuidos a la maternidad y a ladomesticidad analizando las representaciones degénero en el discurso de la prensa confesional queaparece en Bahía Blanca y circula por su zona de influencia en las tres primeras décadas delsiglo XX. Se sostiene que los(as) católicos(as) queescriben en la prensa comparten el concepto dediferencia sexual dominante y abordan el problema de la condición femenina centrándose enlas nociones de domesticidad y maternidad, quealuden al papel de reproducción material y biológica de la sociedad en el marco de la divisiónsexual del trabajo. Sin embargo, algunos de elloslas reformulan frente a las transformaciones dela época que impactan sobre la familia, comoresultado de lo cual expresan ideas que, si bien notienen en sí mismas la intención de subvertir lasrelaciones de género, avalan ciertas mutacionesde signo moderno.
Determinación del nivel de tolerancia a salinidad en condiciones in vitro de plantas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) provenientes de distintas localidades de la Sierra ecuatoriana
Authors: Jaramillo Paulina Viviana , Arahana B. Venancio S. , Torres P. María de Lourdes
Published: January 2016

La salinidad de los suelos constituye una de las causas más importantes para la disminución de la productividad en cultivos agrícolas. Gran parte de los suelos de la Sierra ecuatoriana son considerados salinos, tanto por su naturaleza piroclástica como por la erosión y el mal uso del agua de riego. El tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) crece en la región interandina y en muchos casos se ve sometido al estrés salino. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de tolerancia del tomate de árbol a cloruro de sodio (NaCl) en cultivo in vitro. Se utilizó plantas de tomate de árbol provenientes de siete u ocho localidades dependiendo del ensayo realizado. Se evaluó la germinación de semillas, el desarrollo de plántulas a partir de nudo simple y el crecimiento de plántulas cultivadas in vitro en diferentes concentraciones de NaCl. En los ensayos de germinación de semillas se obtuvo un promedio de 62% de germinación para siete localidades analizadas en una concentración de 50mM de NaCl, y un promedio de 57% en una concentración de 75mM. En cuanto al cultivo de tomate de árbol a partir de nudo simple, se evaluó plantas de siete localidades de las cuales todas, con excepción de Quero, crecieron hasta en una concentración de 100mM de NaCl. Finalmente, en el ensayo para determinar el límite de tolerancia a NaCl en el crecimiento de plántulas, se observó diferentes respuestas al estrés salino en individuos de tomate de árbol de ocho localidades estudiadas, siendo las plántulas de Chaltura las que toleraron hasta 175 mM de NaCl. Estos resultados permiten afirmar que hubo variaciones en el grado de tolerancia a salinidad entre plantas de tomate de árbol de las diferentes localidades. La mayor tolerancia se encontró en las plantas provenientes de Chaltura, y la menor tolerancia en plantas provenientes de Quero. La información obtenida en este estudio es la base para posteriores análisis del transcriptoma donde se pueda identificar genes involucrados en la respuesta a la tolerancia a la salinidad en este interesante cultivo andino.
Teaching Consolidations Accounting: An Approach To Easing The Challenge
Authors: Murphy Elizabeth A. , McCarthy Mark A.
Published: January 2016

Teaching and learning accounting for consolidations is a challenging endeavor. Students not only need to understand the conceptual underpinnings of the accounting requirements for consolidations, but also must master the complex accounting needed to prepare consolidated financial statements. To add to the challenge, the consolidation process is dependent on how the parent company accounts for the investment on its parent company ledgers. Parent company ledgers either use the cost method or some variation of the equity method to account for investments to be consolidated. The variety in those accounting approaches used by parent companies is comparable to the variety of approaches to teach consolidations that are presented in advanced accounting textbooks, as documented by Luehlfing (1995). Luehlfing outlines the parent company accounting methods that are presumed to be used to teach consolidation accounting in each of the existing U.S. advanced accounting texts, noting that authors promote one method over others.  Luehlfing suggests that students should be provided with a comparison of the parent company entries under the cost method and each adaptation of the equity method so that they can obtain a better understanding of the differences in the consolidation worksheet elimination/reclassification entries.  Rather than having students learn different consolidation worksheet entries as a result of different recording methods used by the parent for an investment requiring consolidation, an approach can be adopted so that students only need to learn one set of consolidation worksheet entries to develop consolidated financial statements. In addition, a method of analyzing the parent’s investment account can be used to not only help understand the conceptual issues associated with consolidation accounting, but also greatly facilitate the mechanics of preparing the consolidation worksheet entries.
Estimates on the non-compact expanding gradient Ricci solitons
Authors: Gao Xiang , Xing Qiaofang , Cao Rongrong
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we deal with the complete non-compact expanding gradient Ricci soliton (Mn,g) with positive Ricci curvature. On the condition that the Ricci curvature is positive and the scalar curvature approaches 0 towards infinity, we derive a useful estimate on the growth of potential functions. Based on this and under the same assumptions, we prove that ∫t0 Rc (γ'(s) , γ' (s))ds and ∫t0 Rc (γ' (,s). v)ds at least have linear growth, where 7(5) is a minimal normal geodesic emanating from the point where R obtains its maximum. Furthermore, some other results on the Ricci curvature are also obtained.
Coupled points in ordered generalized metric spaces and application to integro-dierential equations
Authors: Van Luong Nguyen , Thuan Nguyen Xuan
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we prove some coupled fixed point theorems for O-compatible mappings in partially ordered generalized metric spaces under certain conditions to extend and complement the recent fixed point theorems due to Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham [Nonlinear Anal. TMA 65 (2006) 1379 - 1393] and Berinde [Nonlinear Anal. TMA 74 (2011) 7347-7355]. We give some examples to illustrate our results. An application to integro-differential equations is also given.
Small but Focused
Authors: Oliveira Catarina Sales , Jerónimo Nuno Amaral
Published: January 2016

In this chapter, we will offer some reflections on ICT accessibility, uses and perceptions by rural women. Using a sociological conceptual framework based on discussions on gender, ICT gap, and women empowerment (Stromquist, 2014; Mezirow, 2006), we will try to understand, in an innovative way, the available statistical data collected in national and international surveys on this subject; we will also add qualitative data collected in an exploratory study, conducted in a Portuguese rural village. This study was a multi-site ethnographic research project (Falzon & Hall, 2009) with participant observation and in-depth interviews. We analysed the infrastructure conditions and constraints, with the aim of giving a voice to the interviewed women, in order to better understand their representations of ICT and the reasons for their use and non-use. The results allow us to advance some possible paths to mitigate some of the constraints to ICT empowerment among rural women.
New Communication Technologies
Authors: Gonçalves Tamara Amoroso , Rosendo Daniela
Published: January 2016

New technologies are changing the way men and women live their lives. As a new communication technology, the Internet can be used to both harm and promote human rights. When it comes to gender relationships, social inequalities might be reflected online, regarding access and the ways technologies are used. Hate speech, porn revenge and other ways to offend women's rights online are discussed, leading to questions related to possible limitations on freedom of expression. This chapter examines legal solutions that have been proposed in Brazil regarding electronic devices and Internet regulation and considers how restrictions on freedom of expression can be addressed in a human rights perspective.
Internet Mediatization
Authors: Ezeh Nkiru C. , Enwereuzo Njideka V.
Published: January 2016

The political rights of women remain greatly constrained by political structure and traditional practices which many believe are responsible for the exclusion of their interests in decision making process and development paradigms. Anchored on the Democratic Participant Media Theory and Public Sphere Theory, this study evaluated if Internet can mobilize and encourage women to voice their concerns and opinions on political matters. Survey conducted among 200 female academic staff members of universities in the south-east, Nigeria revealed that although the Internet provided the women with needed political information and interaction; it did not significantly induce their interest to participate in politics. The study recommends that women should aggressively utilize the opportunities provided by Internet by forming groups and networks where political issues are analyzed and discussed. Where the nature of relayed message is well focused, chances of using the Internet for inducing political participation can be enhanced.
Mobile Health Applications Assisting Patients with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Iltchev Petre , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Szynkiewicz Potr , Marczak Michał
Published: January 2016

This chapter analyzes the role of m-health applications supporting patients with chronic diseases (based on examples from asthma care). The purpose of the chapter is to describe the mobile health application development cycle. The chapter begins with a presentation of asthma as a chronic disease and its prevalence and costs for society, as a determinant of the role and place of m-health applications in chronic disease management. Subsequent sections analyze trends in the development of health care, information systems, and health care payment systems as components of the environment for the implementation of m-health applications. The chapter focuses on prerequisites for the introduction of this type of solutions, presents existing applications, and discusses how to define the key functionalities and benefits for patients, payers, and doctors. The financing cycle, barriers to implementation, and future trends are also addressed.
Psychological participation in cardiological rehabilitation: an experience of reduction of anxiety states through a psychological group of discussion
Authors: Penna Massimo , Nicoli Luca
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a discussion group as a psychological instrument in the field of Cardiological Rehabilitation. This consisted in a one hour and half discussion, lead by a Psychologist with the presence of a nurse of the Service, during which the patients traduced in words the traumatic effects of the surgical operation. In particular, after this psychological intervention we found a reduction of the state anxiety as evaluated through the STAI-X1 Questionnaire, with a test-retest methodology, in a group of 43 patients of the Cardiological Rehabilitation Service of the Castelfranco Hospital in Emilia. These results demonstrate a significant reduction of anxiety, which was more evident in patients with higher initial levels of anxiety.
Activity and analysis of costs in a dedicated weaning centre
Authors: Clini E.M. , Siddu P. , Trianni L. , Graziosi R. , Crisafulli E. , Nobile M.T.
Published: January 2016

Aim. To analyse the diagnosis-related characteristics and the costs of treating patients with difficult/prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation we have undertaken a retrospective observational study. Methods. The study has considered all the patients admitted to our weaning unit of a regional Rehabilitation department during 3 consecutive periods since the opening date. Characteristics of the admitted patients and the DRG-related cares delivered have been recorded. A cost analysis has been obtained over time. Results. The number of beds allocated to this unit (from 4 in the 1st period to 6 in the 2nd and 3rd periods) and the number of patients cared for (from 32 to 43 and to 65, respectively) increased over time. In particular, the COPD to non-COPD patient ratio (from 2.2 to 1.3 and to 1.0) and the DRG/patient weight (from 3.0±0.3 to 3.1±0.2 and to 3.3±0.2 point) changed significantly (p<0.05). The daily reimbursement per patient from the public health care system only slightly increased, whereas the operating margin (reimbursement less costs) per patient significantly improved (from -304, to +17 and +55 €/pt/day, respectively, p<0.05) due to a gradual restriction in the variable costs. Length of stay, mortality rate and weaning rate did not change over time. Conclusion. The weaning centre is a hospital area where economic burdens should be carefully evaluated. Given the actual reimbursement received on a national level for these patients, variable costs might be better spread, thus optimising the burdens without losing out on clinical outcomes.
Short burst oxygen therapy in patients with COPD
Authors: O’Driscoll B.R.
Published: January 2016

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Parental history as a independent risk factor of coronary heart disease in patients under 60 years of age
Authors: Scardi Sabino
Published: January 2016

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La tradición matemática griega y el dominio del mundo en el Renacimiento
Authors: Garcia-Raffi Xavier
Published: January 2016

En este artículo pretendemos mostrar cómo los estudios de matemáticas se han articulado a lo largo de la historia dentro de la educación superior. Nuestra tesis es que ninguna reforma educativa debe ignorar por un lado, el carácter de lenguaje universal de la ciencia y de ciencia pura de las matemáticas y por otro el hecho de que los estudios técnicos han sido el contexto en el que se ha desarrollado, históricamente, gran parte de la actividad científica matemática. El saber matemático acumulado desde la época de los griegos no puede ser entendido en su totalidad si se descontextualiza del entorno en el que fue generado, y en ese entorno, los estudios técnicos juegan un papel crucial y en donde cabe todo tipo de matemáticas.
Redes neuronales y algoritmos genéticos en la docencia en las escuelas de ingenieros: Un problema práctico de diseño de pantallas acústicas
Authors: Capdevila José Francisco , Ruiz José Manuel , Salinas José Luis , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A.
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo desarrollamos una técnica basada en redes neuronales y algoritmos genéticos para construir un instrumento matemático para el diseño de pantallas acústicas adaptadas. Para hacer esto, usamos la información de una empresa especializada en la construcción de estos dispositivos. En realidad, solucionamos el problema siguiente: si se quiere atenuar el ruido en un cierto punto, ¿cuál es la mejor pantalla para hacerlo?
Semivariogram calculation optimization for object-oriented image classification
Authors: Balaguer-Beser A. , Hermosilla T. , Recio J. , Ruiz L.A.
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se proponen y evalúan diferentes parámetros matemáticos extraídos del semivariograma experimental para la clasificación de los usos del suelo mediante imágenes de alta resolución, usando los límites catastrales para la definición de los objetos de análisis. En primer lugar, se describe el proceso de cálculo del semivariograma a partir de los valores de niveles de gris del objeto imagen. Con el fin de optimizar el tiempo de cálculo se presentan dos técnicas de selección de píxeles que conservan la forma original del semivariograma. A continuación se definen varios parámetros del semivariograma. Final- mente, se usan diferentes técnicas estadísticas para la selección de los parámetros más discriminantes. La última sección muestra los resultados obtenidos con las imágenes digitales aéreas de una zona agrícola en la costa mediterránea de España. El estudio de la aplicación práctica que se presenta facilita la comprensión de la relación entre el comportamiento del semivariograma experimental y la variabilidad de los valores de intensidad en una imagen digital. Con el fin de seguir el desarrollo de este trabajo, el lector debe conocer algunos métodos estadísticos de clasificación y algunas técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes.
Un laboratorio virtual para la enseñanza de momentos de inercia de figuras planas
Authors: Giménez Fernando , Monsoriu Juan A. , Lapuebla-Ferri Andrés , Jiménez Antonio José
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo presentamos una interfaz gráfica de usuario de MatlabQc que permite obtener fácilmente el centro de gravedad y la matriz de inercia de un dominio plano, con posibilidad de agujeros y cuyo borde esté formado por líneas poligonales y arcos de circunferencia. Además la aplicación representa gráficamente el dominio, la posición del centro de gravedad y los ejes principales de inercia. Desde un punto de vista pedagógico puede ser útil en diversas asignaturas de carreras de ingeniería como física, resistencia de materiales, cálculo de estructuras, etc.
Siete notas sobre una señorita muy fin de siglo
Authors: Paredes Alberto
Published: January 2016

Respuesta al artículo “Problemas textuales en la edición de cuentos de Rubén Darío: ‘El caso de la señorita Amelia”, de Günther Schmigalle, publicado en el volumen 43 de Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana.
Perros en el paraíso: la influencia de la filosofía cínica en la construcción del mito del buen salvaje
Authors: Castany Prado Bernat
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la filosofía cínica en la construcción del mito del buen salvaje. En la primera parte se estudia cuál era el conocimiento de dicha corriente filosófica durante el siglo XVI y cómo la impronta cínica de la obra de Erasmo, Moro o Montaigne pudo influir en el modo en que Europa se enfrentó a la cuestión del indígena americano. En la segunda parte se estudian qué motivos cínicos pudieron influir en la construcción del mito del buen salvaje.
La persecución del fraude y de la delincuencia económica en el ámbito de la seguridad social: especial referencia a la formación en inteligencia policial
Authors: Megías-Bas Antonio
Published: January 2016

Con el presente trabajo se pretende analizar la situación española en la lucha contra el empleo irregular y el fraude a la Seguridad Social, centrándose en el Convenio de Cooperación; se hace mención a la importancia de la formación de los profesionales en la lucha contra el empleo irregular y el fraude a la Seguridad Social; y se indaga cómo actúa el Estado en la lucha contra este fenómeno cada vez más extendido en un mundo globalizado. Para lograr lo anterior se tomó como base el estudio de la doctrina sobre la lucha contra el tráfico ilegal de mano de obra, el empleo irregular y el fraude a la Seguridad Social; así como, el Convenio de Colaboración Interministerial.
Manual de operaciones de inteligencia
Authors: Andrade Karla
Published: January 2016

Manual que constituyó un documento importante para el desarrollo de las unidades de inteligencia en la policía de El Salvador. Es un documento guía para operaciones de inteligencia donde se detallan aspectos relevantes en la gestión total de la información
Estudio historiográfico sobre los sistemas de inteligencia de los antiguos cuerpos de seguridad pública salvadoreños
Authors: Von Santos Herard
Published: January 2016

Este estudio pretende generar una radiografía sobre los sistemas de inteligencia de los antiguos Cuerpos de Seguridad Pública (en adelante CUSEP) en El Salvador: su estructura, conformación de personal, métodos y técnicas de inteligencia y casos relevantes, haciendo énfasis en las lecciones aprendidas en el desarrollo de sus labores. Se trata de un estudio historiográfico que busca dar a conocer experiencias pasadas de los sistemas de trabajo en materia de inteligencia y los impactos que estos generaron. El objetivo es contribuir al debate nacional sobre los desafíos estratégicos que enfrenta el aparato policial en materia de su especialización en inteligencia, analizar sus alcances y limitaciones, y presentar un documento recomendativo con incidencia potencial para formulaciones nuevas vinculadas a las necesidades de especialización y los sistemas de trabajo en los que se apoya la actual Policía Nacional Civil y demás cuerpos de inteligencia del Estado.
Libros: Terrorismo Global. Gestión de información y servicios de inteligencia
Authors: Wauthion Rivera Leopoldo
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 517-520
Developing a Learning Outcome-Based Question Examination Paper Tool for Universiti Putra Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Sa’adah , Admodisastro Novia Indriaty , Kamaruddin Azrina , Baharom Salmi , Che Pa Noraini
Published: January 2016

Much attention is now given on producing quality graduates. Therefore, outcome-based education (OBE) in teaching and learning is now being implemented in Malaysia at all levels of education especially at higher education institutions. For implementing OBE, the design of curriculum and courses should be based on specified outcomes. Thus, the challenge for the assessment is that it should be capable of measuring whether intended outcomes have been achieved or not. Likely, by assisting lecturer in preparing examination paper that aligns with the specified outcomes is something that can help to ensure the implementation of OBE. Hence, this paper describes the development of a tool for generating question examination paper based on learning outcomes, called Learning Outcome-based Question Examination paper Tool (LoQET). LoQET is proposed for assisting lecturer in Universiti Putra Malaysia for preparing examination paper based on programme outcomes and learning outcomes set in the teaching plan and assessment entries.
The Categorising Characteristics of Facebook Pages: Using the K-Means Grouping Method
Authors: Luarn Pin , Lin Hong-Wen , Chiu Yu-Ping , Shyu Yu-Liang , Lee Pei-Ching
Published: January 2016

This study conducts the K-means grouping analysis on 1,373 Facebook pages in order to find the difference and characteristics between groups, and furthermore attempt to understand the behavioural characteristics of Facebook page users. The study produces four clusters with different characteristics, all of which are named and defined according to their qualities. The four types of pages are the “functional video and audio informational pages,” “audio and video entertainment with low discussion pages,” “high-identifying celebrity pages”, and “food and travel with active discussion pages.” The result of this study not only provides a clear understanding of the grouping structure of Facebook pages, but also provides reference for fan page managers when constructing management strategies.
Unrestricted Floating Orbitals for the Investigation of Open Shell Systems
Authors: Perlt Eva , Apostolidou Christina , Eggers Melanie , Kirchner Barbara
Published: January 2016

The floating orbital molecular dynamics approach treats the basis functions' centers in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations variationally optimized in space rather than keeping them strictly fixed on nuclear positions. An implementation of the restricted theory for closed shell systems is already available (Perlt et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 6997–7005). In this article, the extension of the methodology to the unrestricted theory in order to cover open shell systems is introduced. The methyl radical serves as a test system to prove the correctness of the implementation and to demonstrate the scope of this method. The available spin density plots and vibrational spectra are compared to those obtained from atom-centered bases. Finally, more complex systems as well as further properties to be studied in future investigations by floating orbitals are suggested.
Development Optimal Strategies for Media Policy of IRIB on Issue of Climate Change
Authors: Sarabi Said
Published: January 2016

<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;" lang="EN-GB">The main objective of this research is developing optimal strategy for IRIB in relation to climate change. Arising Threats from climate change for human life and other creatures resulted in different media productions, all around the world. It is needed for IRIB to pay more attention to climate change problem in its programs, far more than current talk shows with experts. Achieving this goal with no strategy seems impossible.

<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;" lang="EN-GB">In order to develop an optimal strategy for IRIB in relation to climate change, with the use of "in-depth interview" method, researcher provided the needed information from a couple of interviews with environment experts. With the use of in depth interviews, at first, current situation of climate change topic in IRIB, and then the responsibility of IRIB in relation to climate change were discussed. The next step was finding required information about climate change for a typical audience; this information is extracted from interviews with climatology and environment experts.
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;" lang="EN-US">Using internal and external factors' analysis on IRIB performance on climate change, IRIB strengths, and weaknesses on subject and external threats and opportunities for IRIB in climate change topic were specified, and by the use of SWOT analysis all possible strategies were found. Finally the researcher found that optimal strategy for IRIB is an aggressive strategy.
Modeling of the Chlorine Content Degradation in a Network of Drinking Water
Authors: Abdelaziz Ammadi , Mourad Elbelkacimi
Published: January 2016

In an urban water supply network, the chlorine is used as a disinfectant. Its absence involves the risk of microbial contamination which can degrade the quality of water. According to the standards of World Health Organization, the residual chlorine content in water shouldn’t be lower than 0.25 mg/l. Chlorine reacts with many compounds and thus undergoes degradation throughout its transit in the conduct of the network. This degradation is the result of several physical factors (age of conduct, matter, flow, speed…) and bacteriological (germs, coliform, biofilm…). In this paper, we use a mathematical model for mapping the degradation of the Chlorine along the water supply network. The concentration of chlorine in each control is also performed. We used an algorithm of Hierarchical Classification taking into account some characteristics (nature of conduct, speed, flow). Results shows that degradation of Chlorine calculated matched well with the measured one. This model allowed us to have a real-time data about the Chlorine content and thus to overcome the problem of the measure of the chlorine due to the non accessibility of the conducts.
Remote Data Monitoring Improves Distribution System Efficiency and Maintenance
Authors: Feffer Adam , Baker Dave , Moore Randy , Wagner Travis , Gresehover Brian
Published: January 2016

Water and wastewater utilities are drawing on advances in distribution monitoring technologies to improve their distribution systems. Today's remote data monitoring tools efficiently and accurately collect pressure and other data, enabling faster response times.
Improve Performance with Membrane Filtration Self‐Assessment
Authors: Martin Barb , Chescattie Ed
Published: January 2016

Water treatment plants using membrane filtration treatment have new guidance available for process assessment and optimization using the Partnership for Safe Water approach. By evaluating direct and indirect integrity testing data, the membrane filtration self‐assessment process helps utilities optimize performance.
The metabolomic profile of gamma-irradiated human hepatoma and muscle cells reveals metabolic changes consistent with the Warburg effect
Authors: Wang Min , Keogh Adrian , Treves Susan , Idle Jeffrey R. , Beyoğlu Diren
Published: January 2016

The two human cell lines HepG2 from hepatoma and HMCL-7304 from striated muscle were γ-irradiated with doses between 0 and 4 Gy. Abundant γH2AX foci were observed at 4 Gy after 4 h of culture post-irradiation. Sham-irradiated cells showed no γH2AX foci and therefore no signs of radiation-induced double-strand DNA breaks. Flow cytometry indicated that 41.5% of HepG2 cells were in G2/M and this rose statistically significantly with increasing radiation dose reaching a plateau at ∼47%. Cell lysates from both cell lines were subjected to metabolomic analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). A total of 46 metabolites could be identified by GCMS in HepG2 cell lysates and 29 in HMCL-7304 lysates, most of which occurred in HepG2 cells. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of sham, 1, 2 and 4 Gy doses. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed elevations in intracellular lactate, alanine, glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose and 5-oxoproline, which were found by univariate statistics to be highly statistically significantly elevated at both 2 and 4 Gy compared with sham irradiated cells. These findings suggested upregulation of cytosolic aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), with potential shunting of glucose through aldose reductase in the polyol pathway, and consumption of reduced Glutathione (GSH) due to γ-irradiation. In HMCL-7304 myotubes, a putative Warburg effect was also observed only at 2 Gy, albeit a lesser magnitude than in HepG2 cells. It is anticipated that these novel metabolic perturbations following γ-irradiation of cultured cells will lead to a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of tissue damage following ionizing radiation exposure.
SIRB, sans iron oxide rhodamine B, a novel cross‐linked dextran nanoparticle, labels human neuroprogenitor and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and serves as a USPIO cell labeling control
Authors: Shen Wei‐Bin , Vaccaro Dennis E. , Fishman Paul S. , Groman Ernest V. , Yarowsky Paul
Published: January 2016

This is the first report of the synthesis of a new nanoparticle, sans iron oxide rhodamine B (SIRB), an example of a new class of nanoparticles. SIRB is designed to provide all of the cell labeling properties of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticle Molday ION Rhodamine B (MIRB) without containing the iron oxide core. MIRB was developed to label cells and allow them to be tracked by MRI or to be manipulated by magnetic gradients. SIRB possesses a similar size, charge and cross‐linked dextran coating as MIRB. Of great interest is understanding the biological and physiological changes in cells after they are labeled with a USPIO. Whether these effects are due to the iron oxide buried within the nanoparticle or to the surface coating surrounding the iron oxide core has not been considered previously. MIRB and SIRB represent an ideal pairing of nanoparticles to identify nanoparticle anatomy responsible for post‐labeling cytotoxicity. Here we report the effects of SIRB labeling on the SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and primary human neuroprogenitor cells (hNPCs). These effects are contrasted with the effects of labeling SH‐SY5Y cells and hNPCs with MIRB. We find that SIRB labeling, like MIRB labeling, (i) occurs without the use of transfection reagents, (ii) is packaged within lysosomes distributed within cell cytoplasm, (iii) is retained within cells with no loss of label after cell storage, and (iv) does not alter cellular viability or proliferation, and (v) SIRB labeled hNPCs differentiate normally into neurons or astrocytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometry of an Isolated Dimer of Imidazole Characterised by Rotational Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Mullaney John C. , Zaleski Daniel P. , Tew David P. , Walker Nicholas R. , Legon Anthony C.
Published: January 2016

An isolated, gas‐phase dimer of imidazole is generated through laser vaporisation of a solid rod containing a 1:1 mixture of imidazole and copper in the presence of an argon buffer gas undergoing supersonic expansion. The complex is characterised through broadband rotational spectroscopy and is shown to have a twisted, hydrogen‐bonded geometry. Calculations at the CCSD(T)(F12*)/cc‐pVDZ‐F12 level of theory confirm this to be the lowest‐energy conformer of the imidazole dimer. The distance between the respective centres of mass of the imidazole monomer subunits is determined to be 5.2751(1) Å, and the twist angle γ describing rotation of one monomer with respect to the other about a line connecting the centres of mass of the monomers is determined to be 87.9(4)°. Four out of six intermolecular parameters in the model geometry are precisely determined from the experimental rotational constants and are consistent with results calculated ab initio.
Compliance, network, security and the people related factors in cloud ERP implementation
Authors: Gupta Shivam , Misra Subhas C
Published: January 2016

Cloud enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a buzz in the information technology domain. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) do not have the financial budget to invest in on‐premise ERP solution. The use of cloud‐based services for SMEs has led to widespread diffusion of technology. The two big stakeholders in the cloud ERP are cloud user and cloud vendor. This paper brings out the factors that are under the influence of these two stakeholders. Critical success factors that are influenced by the people in the organization are considered for the study. Compliance, network, and security are the concerns that are under the control of cloud vendor. This study shows the factors that have an impact on the successful implementation of cloud ERP. An online questionnaire was designed and data from 208 respondents belonging to SMEs were collected. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. It was found that people‐related factors and compliance had an impact toward the successful implementation of cloud‐based services. Network and security factors did not show any significant impact on the implementation of cloud ERP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study on Electronic Structure of Bathocuproine: Renormalization of the Band Gap in the Crystalline State and the Large Exciton Binding Energy
Authors: Yanagisawa Susumu , Hatada Shin‐no‐suke , Morikawa Yoshitada
Published: January 2016

Bathocuproine (BCP) is a promising organic material of a hole blocking layer in organic light‐emitting diodes or an electron buffer layer in organic photovoltaic cells. The nature of the unoccupied electronic states is a key characteristic of the material, which play vital roles in the electron transport. To elucidate the electronic properties of the molecular or crystalline BCP, we use the GW approximation for calculation of the crystalline band gap, and the long‐range corrected (LC) density functional theory (DFT) for the molecular optical absorption. It is found that the band gap of the crystalline BCP is 4.39 eV, in agreement with the recent low‐energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy measurement. The polarization energy is estimated to be 1.05 eV, demonstrating the large polarization effects induced by the electronic clouds sur‐ rounding the injected charge. The theoretical optical absorption energy is 3.68 eV, and the exciton binding energy is estimated to be 0.71 eV, implying the large binding in the eletron‐hole pair distributed around the small part of the molecular region.
Synthesis of Some Bromomethyl‐ and (4‐Bromomethyl)phenyl‐Derivatives of 1,4,8,11 Tetraaza[14] annulene and Their Corresponding Sulfanylmethylene‐Derivatives Using 3‐Substituted Trimethinium Salts
Authors: Mehranpour A. M. , Hashemnia S. , Bashiri E.
Published: January 2016

Four new 6,13‐di(bromomethyl)‐ and di[(4‐bromomethyl)phenyl]1,4,8,11‐tetraaza[14]annulene derivatives C, D, E, F were synthesized using the condensation reaction of the correspondingly substituted vinamidinium salts with aromatic amines in acetonitrile/acetic acid. The reaction of these annulenes with thiourea leads to the corresponding thiol derivatives G and H. The UV/vis spectral behavior of compounds C, D, E, F, G, H was examined in DMSO. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectral data confirm the molecular structure of the newly synthesized compounds.
On a second‐order expansion of the truncated singular subspace decomposition
Authors: Gratton S. , Tshimanga‐Ilunga J.
Published: January 2016

We present a second‐order expansion for singular subspace decomposition in the context of real matrices. Furthermore, we show that, when some particular assumptions are considered, the obtained results reduce to existing ones. Some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical developments of this study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human papillomavirus: a strong case for vaccinating boys
Authors: Prue Gillian
Published: January 2016

In the UK, human papillomavirus vaccination is restricted on the NHS to girls and only recently been recommended for men who have sex with men. The restriction is based largely on cost‐effectiveness. In this article, Gillian Prue sets out the compelling case for vaccinating all boys. On page 10, Peter Baker describes HPV Action's campaign for gender‐neutral HPV vaccination.
A novel mentorship programme for residents integrating academic development, clinical teaching and graduate medical education assessment
Authors: Bhatia Kriti , Takayesu James Kimo , Nadel Eric S.
Published: January 2016

Introduction Mentorship fosters career development and growth. During residency training, mentorship should support clinical development along with intellectual and academic interests. Reported resident mentoring programmes do not typically include clinical components. We designed a programme that combines academic development with clinical feedback and assessment in a four-year emergency medicine residency programme.

Methods Incoming interns were assigned an advisor. At the conclusion of the intern year, residents actively participated in selecting a mentor for the duration of residency. The programme consisted of quarterly meetings, direct clinical observation and specific competency assessment, assistance with lecture preparation, real-time feedback on presentations, simulation coaching sessions, and discussions related to career development. Faculty participation was recognized as a valuable component of the annual review process. Residents were surveyed about the overall programme and individual components.

Results Over 88 % of the respondents said that the programme was valuable and should be continued. Senior residents most valued the quarterly meetings and presentation help and feedback. Junior residents strongly valued the clinical observation and simulation sessions.

Conclusions A comprehensive mentorship programme integrating clinical, professional and academic development provides residents individualized feedback and coaching and is valued by trainees. Individualized assessment of clinical competencies can be conducted through such a programme.
Was it worth the trouble? Limited competition and citizen well-being under authoritarian rule
Authors: Cassani Andrea
Published: January 2016

The last part of 20th century saw the collapse of a dramatic number of dictatorships. Rather than democracy, several of these transitions brought regimes where limited political competition coexists with persistently authoritarian practices. The diffusion of this form of authoritarianism in the developing world raises several questions about its broader consequences. Most importantly, does political change short of democratization matter for ordinary citizens? Recent research demonstrates that nominally democratic institutions, even in the absence of people empowerment, can result in better living conditions. The paper adds to this debate by formulating and testing new hypotheses. I compare electoral authoritarianism with democracy and full dictatorship, including specific subtypes of the latter, and focus on both policy outputs and outcomes.
Vegetation patterns and species-filtering effects of soil in secondary succession in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Authors: Sann Bo , Kanzaki Mamoru , Ohta Seiichi
Published: January 2016

We studied the vegetation and soil properties of a dry forest that had once been disturbed in central Myanmar using 30 quadrats (20 × 20 m) established in 2012. For 30 species, the overall density was 706 individuals ha−1, and the basal area was 2.92 m2ha−1. The forest was a mosaic of six community types, each of which was dominated by a single species. Dominant species that were capable of resprouting accounted for 47–78% of the total density and 56–83% of the basal area of the communities. We related seven soil properties to the vegetation patterns using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The CCA results highlighted remarkable associations of species such asAcacia catechu, Dalbergia paniculata, Terminalia oliveriandMillettia multiflorawith soil texture.Acacia inopinatawas associated with a high soil pH (i.e. 9–10), andTerminalia tomentosawas associated with soil hardness. Our results indicate that secondary succession of a dry forest is not initially led by pioneer species, but instead, by superior competitors capable of resprouting, and that species distributions are primarily determined by the filtering effects of edaphic conditions. We believe that the dry-forest species retain their soil–species relationships despite heavy disturbances.
Two Kinds of Value Pluralism
Authors: TUCKER MILES
Published: January 2016

I argue that there are two distinct views called ‘value pluralism’ in contemporary axiology, but that these positions have not been properly distinguished. The first kind of pluralism, weak pluralism, is the view philosophers have in mind when they say that there are many things that are valuable. It is also the kind of pluralism that philosophers like Moore, Brentano and Chisholm were interested in. The second kind of pluralism, strong pluralism, is the view philosophers have in mind when they say there are many values, or many kinds of value. It is also the kind of pluralism that philosophers like Stocker, Kekes and Nussbaum have advanced. I separate and elucidate these views, and show how the distinction between them affects the contemporary debate about value pluralism.
Assessing the Effect of Breakout Sessions on Student Success and Satisfaction
Authors: Blackstone Bethany , Oldmixon Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2016

Introductory American government is a common component of college and university core curricula and, as such, it often is taught in large sections. This makes active learning more difficult, which may contribute to student dissatisfaction and lower levels of student achievement. In turn, this can affect larger issues of university retention. This article considers whether different models of instruction in large classes affect student success and satisfaction. We compare a lecture-only class and one that combined lectures with smaller student breakout sessions. To our surprise, we found that students in the breakout—lecture class were not more satisfied and did not succeed at higher levels as compared to their peers in the lecture-only class. Above all, attendance is the key predictor of student success.