bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of business associations in the export–survival relationship: An application to the DOC Rioja wine industry
Authors: Fernández‐Olmos Marta , Gargallo‐Castel Ana F. , Wang Ruimin
Published: June 2023

Much has been said about the role that business associations play in the survival of firms, but little is known about how this influences the relationship between exports and the survival of firms. Considering the diverging theoretical assumptions about the importance of business associations, we hypothesize in this paper on the direct effect of association membership on the survival of firms, and its moderating effect on the export–survival relationship. For Qualified Designation of Origin (DOC) Rioja wineries, we show that both exporting and association membership have a positive effect on the survival of firms, although association membership reduces the positive effect of exports to survive. These results hold up under alternative survival model specifications. The study explores the complex role of associations in the wine industry, which is important to understand in the context of the current COVID‐19 crisis. [EconLit Citations: L25, L66, M16, M21].
Living Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Hetero Diels–Alder Adducts to Give Multifactor‐Controlled and Fast‐Photodegradable Vinyl Polymers
Authors: Chae Ju‐Hyung , Choi Minyeong , Son Semin , Ko Su‐Min , Lee In‐Hwan
Published: June 2023

Precise control of multiple structural parameters associated with vinyl polymers is important for producing materials with the desired properties and functions. While the development of living polymerization methods has provided a way to control the various structural parameters of vinyl polymers, the concomitant control of their sequence and regioregularity remains a challenging task. To overcome this challenge, herein, we report the living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of hetero Diels–Alder adducts. The scalable and modular synthesis of the cyclic monomers was achieved by a one‐step protocol using readily available vinyl precursors. Subsequently, living polymerization of the cyclic monomers was examined, allowing the synthesis of vinyl polymers while controlling multiple factors, including molecular weight, dispersity, alternating sequence, head‐to‐head regioregularity, and end‐group functionality. The living characteristics of the developed method were further demonstrated by block copolymerization. The synthesized vinyl polymers exhibited unique thermal properties and underwent fast photodegradation even under sunlight.
Metallaphotoredox‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cross‐Electrophile Coupling Using Alcohols as Reducing Agents
Authors: Li Zhilong , Huan Leitao , Li Jian , Shu Xiaomin , Zhong De , Zhang Wenjing , Huo Haohua
Published: June 2023

The cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) represents a powerful strategy for C−C bond formation. However, controlling the enantioselectivity in these processes remains a challenge. Here, we report an unprecedented enantioselective XEC of α‐amino acid derivatives with aryl bromides, enabled by alcohols as reducing agents via Ni/photoredox catalysis. This mechanistically distinct approach exploits the ability of photocatalytically generated α‐hydroxyalkyl radicals to convert alkyl electrophiles to the corresponding alkyl radicals that are then enantioselectively coupled with aryl bromides. The readily scalable protocol allows modular access to valuable enantioenriched benzylic amines from abundant and inexpensive precursors, and is applicable to late‐stage diversification with broad functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies rationalize the versatility of this alcohol‐based reactivity for radical generation and subsequent asymmetric cross‐coupling. We expect that this alcohol‐based cross‐coupling will render a general platform for the development of appealing yet challenging enantioselective XECs.
One‐Handed Helical Polyacetylenes Bearing Axially‐Chiral 2‐Arylpyridyl‐N‐Oxide Units for Efficient Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Chiral Aromatic and Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Ito Masaki , Oki Kosuke , Suzuki Nozomu , Yashima Eiji
Published: June 2023

A series of poly(biarylylacetylene)s (PBAs) bearing axially‐chiral (S)‐and (R)‐pyridyl‐N‐oxide residues with a methoxy, propoxy, or acetyloxy substituent at the 3‐position of the biaryl units was synthesized. All the PBAs formed a preferred‐handed helix, while the helical sense preference was varied depending on the substituents despite the same twist‐sense of the biaryl units. Among them, the propoxy‐bound helical PBA showed an exceptionally high chiral recognition ability as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and efficiently resolved not only various chiral aromatic alcohols, but also a variety of chiral aliphatic alcohols; the latter still remains difficult to resolve by commercially‐available CSPs in HPLC. Such practically‐useful both handed helical PBA‐based CSPs can be produced from the racemic PBA composed of fully racemic monomer units through deracemization of the biaryl units with a chiral alcohol.
Large‐Scale Analysis of Meniscus Morphology as Risk Factor for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gao Kenneth T. , Xie Emily , Chen Vincent , Iriondo Claudia , Calivà Francesco , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina
Published: June 2023

Objective

Although it is established that structural damage of the meniscus is linked to knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression, the predisposition to future development of OA because of geometric meniscal shapes is plausible and unexplored. This study aims to identify common variations in meniscal shape and determine their relationships to tissue morphology, OA onset, and longitudinal changes in cartilage thickness.

Methods

A total of 4,790 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative data set were studied. A statistical shape model was developed for the meniscus, and shape scores were evaluated between a control group and an OA incidence group. Shape features were then associated with cartilage thickness changes over 8 years to localize the relationship between meniscus shape and cartilage degeneration.

Results

Seven shape features between the medial and lateral menisci were identified to be different between knees that remain normal and those that develop OA. These include length‐width ratios, horn lengths, root attachment angles, and concavity. These “at‐risk” shapes were linked to unique cartilage thickness changes that suggest a relationship between meniscus geometry and decreased tibial coverage and rotational imbalances. Additionally, strong associations were found between meniscal shape and demographic subpopulations, future tibial extrusion, and meniscal and ligamentous tears.

Conclusion

This automatic method expanded upon known meniscus characteristics that are associated with the onset of OA and discovered novel shape features that have yet to be investigated in the context of OA risk.
Spirally Configuredcis‐Stilbene/fluorene (STIF), 10,11‐Benzo‐, and Imidazole‐fused STIF Hybrids as Electron‐Transporting Materials for Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Chen Chien‐Tien , Fang Po‐Hsun , Jou Jia‐Hong , Chen Wei‐Hua
Published: June 2023

A new class ofcis‐stilbene/fluorene (STIF) and 10,11‐benzo‐ and imidazole‐fused dibenzosuberane/fluorene (Bz‐STIF and Imd‐STIF) spiro hybrid systems with paired cyanophenyl, pyridyl, and/or pyrimidyl units was synthesized as electron transporting materials (ETMs) for blue fluorescent OLEDs (FOLEDs) and phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Their photophysical (UV‐Vis absorption and emission), electrochemical (Eox/Ered), morphological (glassy transition temperature, Tg), and thermal stability (decomposition temperature, Td) properties are systematical compared. Their correlations regarding the effects of the fused unit/substituent(s) in the STIF core on the morphological/thermal stability, HOMO/LUMO energy level, π‐electron distribution profiles by DFT calculations, and electron mobility are established. Blue FOLEDs are fabricated by using them and TmPyPB (a control) as ETMs. The effects of their LUMO energy levels and electron mobilities on the device turn‐on voltage, performance efficiencies including external quantum efficiency/current efficiency (EQE/CE), power efficiency (PE), and device lifetime at 5% luminescence decay (T95) are correlated. Among them, three best ETMs and TmPyPB (a control) are selected for further green and blue PhOLED fabrications. The effects of their LUMO energy levels and electron mobilities on the device turn‐on voltage and performance efficiencies are confirmed, allowing for potential commercial applications.
Parent treatment of complex pica in a teen with autism
Authors: Thomas Benjamin R. , Bowman Matthew D. , Sanchez Aaron , Strohmeier Craig W.
Published: June 2023

Pica is a severe behavior disorder involving the persistent consumption of nonnutritive substances. Due to health complications and risks for fatality, designing effective behavioral treatments that are feasible for implementation by family members at home is imperative. This case report presents a parent‐conducted functional analysis and treatment evaluation of automatically maintained pica in a teenager with autism spectrum disorder. Initial treatment with a competing stimulus was effective when paired with response interruption and redirection. Although effective, this combination of treatment components required very close parental proximity and led to increases in untargeted body‐oriented pica (e.g., ingestion of skin, hair, and nails). Upon extending treatment to include the second topography of pica, both the originally targeted (object‐oriented) pica and body‐oriented pica decreased. Nonetheless, treatment effects were not sustained while fading parent proximity. The treatment was then augmented a third time with response cost. This final treatment package produced clinically significant reductions in all pica, facilitated parent proximity fading until the participant was alone, extended to their home, and maintained over a year of follow up.
Nanoemulsion‐directed assembly of hierarchical ZnS@C nanospheres with penetrating pores for sodium storage
Authors: He Xiaowei , Zhuo Sifei , Tian Lidong , Qiao Mingtao , Lei Xingfeng , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: June 2023

To follow up on the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been developed as promising carbon alternatives for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Although attractive, it is still a great challenge to fulfill their capacity utilization with high cycling performance. Herein, a nanoemulsion‐directed method has been developed to control the spherical arrangement of ZnS@C units with both penetrating macropores from the center to the surface and inner mesopores distributed among the bulks. With respect to ion diffusion, the penetrating macropores could serve as the built‐in ion‐buffer reservoirs to keep a steady flow of electrolyte, while the inner mesopores facilitate the ion diffusion across the whole bulks. In terms of stability, the radical porous structure could work as self‐supported vertical bones to accommodate the volume change from both lateral and vertical sides. Besides, the localized carbon distributed among the ZnS nanoparticles not only acts as binding agents to join the numerous ZnS nanoparticles but also endows the radical bones with effective electron transmission capability. As a proof of concept, such hydrangea‐like ZnS@C nanospheres deliver sodium storage performance with high‐rate and long‐cycling capability. This nanoemulsion‐directed approach is anticipated for other TMSs with penetrating pores for post‐lithium‐ion batteries applications.
Incidence, demographics, and survival of malignant hemangioendothelioma in the United States
Authors: Paulson Kelly G. , Ravi Vinod , Rubin Brian P. , Park Min , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Cranmer Lee D. , Wagner Michael J.
Published: June 2023

Background

Malignant hemangioendothelioma is an endothelial cancer with heterogeneous clinical behavior that can range from indolent to aggressive, of which the majority are epithelioid (EHE). Its incidence and demographics have not been previously well defined in a large cohort.

Methods

This retrospective analysis used the US Cancer Statistics National Program of Cancer Registries – Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) combined database to identify patients in the US newly diagnosed with hemangioendothelioma between the years of 2001 and 2017 (n = 1986). Survival analyses were performed on a subset of patients within the SEER‐18 database with survival information available (n = 417). Outcomes included incidence, demographics of patients newly diagnosed with hemangioendothelioma, extent of disease at presentation, and overall survival.

Results

The incidence of hemangioendothelioma in the US is 0.4 cases per million person‐years. Although cases rose to 122 newly diagnosed in the year 2017 (90 EHE, 32 other hemangioendothelioma), incidence rates were stable. Skin and connective tissues were the most common presenting sites (33.4%), followed by liver (24.5%), lung (17.6%), and bone (12.5%). Median age at diagnosis was 55 years; 27.2% of patients were pediatric, adolescent, or young adult (<40 years). At presentation, 36.4% of patients had localized disease; 21.6% presented with regional and 41.7% with distant metastases. Observed survival at 3 years was 79.7%, 70.7%, and 46.0% for patients presenting with local, regional, and distant disease and most deaths occurred within the first 2 years.

Conclusions

Malignant hemangioendothelioma is ultra‐rare but meaningfully impacts affected patients. These data may provide benchmarks for comparison of new approaches to hemangioendothelioma therapy and highlight poor survival outcomes.
Effects of mental accounting on purchase decision processes: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Skwara Florian
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to systematically analyze and synthesize the existing research published on mental accounting and purchase decision processes by conducting a systematic literature review. Specifically, the paper aims to answer the question: “What are the effects of mental accounting on purchase decision processes?” Therefore, it identified 110 papers which contribute to achieving the research objective and which were selected using the same data collection, data analysis, and quality standards. After reviewing the identified publications, the paper finds that the existing literature can be structured along four main themes impacting purchase decision‐making processes: (1) source of funds, (2) intended use of funds, (3) pricing, and (4) payments. The paper shows that for each of the four themes there are multiple mental accounting effects with an impact on for example willingness to pay, the experienced pain of paying or the ultimate purchase decision. Further, the paper identifies potential directions for future research in mental accounting, including the influence of product categories on mental accounting, flexibility in budget setting and its impact on mental accounting behavior, long‐term effects of mental budgeting on financial wealth, integration–segregation behavior in the context of pricing, the role of consumer characteristics on mental accounting behavior, and the impact of increased financial transparency through technology on mental accounting.
A rare presentation of visceral leishmaniasis and epididymo‐orchitis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Ashraf Talesh Shaghayegh , Mahmoudi Shima , Mohebali Mehdi , Mamishi Setareh
Published: June 2023

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has rarely been reported in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), despite the fact that they seem more susceptible to intracellular infection. We describe a rare presentation of VL and epididymo‐orchitis in a patient with CGD, which has not been seen previously in the literature following inflammatory syndrome.
Bending the ORR Scaling Relations on Zirconium Oxynitride for Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sinha Sukanya , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine Anton
Published: June 2023

Technologies like polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells play an important role in environmentally friendly energy conversion. Essential for their commercialization is the development of cheap and efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Non‐platinum group metal (PGM) based catalysts has exhibited favourable activity in acidic electrolytes. In this study, we computationally explore the catalytic sites on the (111) surface of hydrated zirconium oxynitride using periodic DFT calculations. The thermodynamically limiting step is determined to be the O2 activation step, (O2→OOH*) for the majority of the sites, hence strengthening the OOH* intermediate binding will improve ORR activity. The calculations also reveal that the determined scaling relation for GOH‐GOOH (
3.52 eV) is comparable to the standard ORR scaling relation (
3.2 eV) however GO*‐GOH scaling (
2.16 eV) deviates dramatically from the typical ORR scaling relation (
).
Defect Engineering in Bimetallic NiFe‐BTC for Boosting Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction through Coordinated Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Ru , Qi Haodong , Pan Fenghongkang , Xie Wei , Zhou Lihui , Liu Honglai , Hu Jun
Published: June 2023

Coordinatively unsaturated metal (CUM) sites in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated distinct catalytic activities, yet remain great challenges in their designing and engineering. Herein, a novel “Coordination Geometric Hindrance” approach based on ionic liquids (ILs) is proposed for defects construction in bimetallic MOF, of which the steric effect of competitively coordinated anions of imidazole ILs ([EMIM]X) enables the interference with the ordered growth of bimetallic NiFe‐MOFs. Specifically, the PF6− anion displays the strongest binding energy with metals Ni and Fe, accordingly, facilitates the formation of CUM sites in NiFe‐BTC/IL‐PF6. Taking both advantages of CUM defects and good intrinsic conductivity of IL, NiFe‐BTC/IL‐PF6 achieves a superior electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with the overpotential as low as 210 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and the Tafel slope of 103 mV dec−1, thus, giving an 18‐fold larger TOF of the commercial OER catalyst of RuO2.
Monomer Recycling and Repolymerization of Post‐Consumer Polyester Textiles
Authors: Kirstein Mathias , Lücking Charlotte , Biermann Lars , Brepohl Esther , Salikov Vitalij , Eichert Carsten , Paschetag Mandy , Scholl Stephan
Published: June 2023

Due to the presence of dyes and additives, textile recycling is challenging, therefore the majority of textile waste is downcycled to low‐value products, incinerated or landfilled. In this study, a continuous depolymerization of post‐consumer polyester textiles was conducted by alkaline hydrolysis. The degree of depolymerization was assessed and found to be 94 %. After recovering and analyzing the terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol the monomers were successfully polymerized to regain a food grade quality recycled polyethylene terephthalate. The presented recycling approach allows a closed‐loop recycling of textiles.
Improved modelling and simulation of once‐through and reverse multi‐stage flash desalination configurations
Authors: Ali Emad , Orfi Jamel , AlAnsary Hany , Alsaadi Ahmad S. , Ghaffour Noreddine , Khennich Mohammed
Published: June 2023

An improved model for multistage flash (MSF) structures is developed and used to assess the performance of a novel MSF configuration, termed as MSF reversal (RV‐MSF) and consisting of reversing the brine circulation stream. The improved model determines the temperature distribution within the stages using heat balance equations while the simplified one, which is commonly used, is based on pre‐specified, constant, and equal temperature distribution throughout the stages. The performance of the RV‐MSF is investigated and compared with conventional MSF once‐through (OT‐MSF) with and without brine mixing using simplified and full models. It is found that the simplified model overestimates the required heat transfer specific area for both MSF configurations. Moreover, it underestimates the cooling water and energy requirements for the reversal configuration. Hence, the simplified model may be good for quick analysis but leads to inaccurate design specifications and economic analysis. When brine mixing is utilized, the simplified model still provides erroneous estimates of the heat transfer area for both MSF configurations. Nevertheless, for OT‐MSF structure, the simple model can provide comparable predictions with that of the improved model in terms of recovery ratio, performance ratio, and specific energy consumption. For the RV‐MSF structure, a mismatch in the two model predictions of surface area, cooling water, and energy requirements is observed. Furthermore, the temperature drop in the cooling system for RV‐MSF has a significant influence on the specific surface area and cooling water requirements especially at low values. The different behaviour of the simplified model between the OT‐MSF and RV‐MSF configurations is attributed to the fact that brine recycling does not affect the feed temperature or the temperature distribution in the system.
Comparative short‐term efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery and biological therapies in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jiani , Wang Huan , Zhang Chen , Shi Le , Zhang Qianqian , Song Xiaole , Wang Dehui , Hu Li , Yu Hongmeng , Sun Xicai
Published: June 2023

Background

To compare the safety and efficacy between endoscopic sinus surgery and different biologics in treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in adults by reviewing the existing clinical trials.

Methods

Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers according to the PRISMA recommendations and any disagreement was resolved by a third investigator. Outcomes were measured through a random‐effects model. We searched Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and other relevant sources from its inception to April 30, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) or biologics in treating adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Studies involving other miscellaneous diseases, non‐RCT design, and insufficient participants or follow‐up were excluded.

Results

In this systematic review, five RCTs and 1748 patients were included. All the biologics, as well as ESS, could significantly improve key nasal outcomes in CRSwNP both at 6 months and 1 year. Dupilumab exhibited better efficacy than ESS in improving SNOT‐22 scores at one year. However, ESS showed superiority over three biologics in improving nasal congestion scores (NCS) at two various time points, except for better efficacy of Dupilumab at 1 year. For the loss of smell scores, a greater improvement was observed in the Dupilumab cohort compared with other biologics and even ESS counterparts. Safety analysis showed no significant difference between the ESS cohort and biologic treatment.

Conclusions

In summary, ESS showed comparable improvement in quality of life and symptoms to Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, and Benralizumab. Dupilumab seems to be more effective than ESS in selected items, whereas head‐to‐head trials and real‐world studies are urgent to compare their efficacy. Our findings also showed that biologics could be applied as alternative or adjuvant therapy for uncontrolled severe CRSwNP.
Advances in Functionalized Nanomaterial‐incorporated Biosensing Platforms for Detecting Cancer Biomarkers during Biopsies
Authors: Ser Jinhui , Lee Hyunjung , Surendran Subramani , Kim Jung Kyu , Sim Uk , Cho Hoonsung
Published: June 2023

Sensors incorporating nanomaterials are being studied with great interest in the field of diagnostics given their high‐sensitivity and accuracy due to the unique advantages of nanomaterials. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans, with its early detection significantly reducing the risk of death and improving treatment prognosis. The gold standard for the early diagnosis of cancers is pathological and genetic analysis of tumor biopsy specimens. Unfortunately, standardization of techniques for separating and quantifying biomarkers from tumor biopsies requires more sensitive, accurate, and rapid early detection techniques. The development of biosensing platforms utilizing various functional nanomaterials is expected to realize the isolation and detection of biomarkers, thereby enabling rapid and accurate early cancer diagnosis. Therefore, this review aims to explore cutting‐edge nanomaterials that fall within the scope of highly sensitive analytical technology biosensor platforms to introduce the transducer platform of biosensing systems using functionalized nanomaterials for the selective recognition and detection of signal‐specific cancer biomarkers. It will pave the way for highly precise cancer detection, providing a unique means to carefully monitor the different types of biopsy sample of patients.
Biological modification of coastal pH depends on community composition and time
Authors: Sorte Cascade J. B. , Kroeker Kristy J. , Miller Luke P. , Bracken Matthew E. S.
Published: June 2023

Biological processes play important roles in determining how global changes manifest at local scales. Primary producers can absorb increased CO2 via daytime photosynthesis, modifying pH in aquatic ecosystems. Yet producers and consumers also increase CO2 via respiration. It is unclear whether biological modification of pH differs across the year, and, if so, what biotic and abiotic drivers underlie temporal differences. We addressed these questions using the intensive study of tide pool ecosystems in Alaska, USA, including quarterly surveys of 34 pools over 1 year and monthly surveys of five pools from spring to fall in a second year. We measured physical conditions, community composition, and changes in pH and dissolved oxygen during the day and night. We detected strong temporal patterns in pH dynamics. Our measurements indicate that pH modification varies spatially (between tide pools) and temporally (across months). This variation in pH dynamics mirrored changes in dissolved oxygen and was associated with community composition, including both relative abundance and diversity of benthic producers and consumers, whose role differed across the year, particularly at night. These results highlight the importance of the time of year when considering the ways that community composition influences pH conditions in aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular‐related acute care use in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Miyashita Satoshi , Akita Keitaro , Zhao Yanling , Hasegawa Kohei , Maurer Mathew S. , Weiner Shepard D. , Reilly Muredach P. , Takayama Hiroo , Shimada Yuichi J.
Published: June 2023

Aims

Prior studies have suggested causal relationships between obesity and acute cardiovascular events. It has been also known that the risk of acute cardiovascular events is reduced by bariatric surgery. However, little is known about whether bariatric surgery lowers the risk of acute cardiovascular events in patients with obesity and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this context, we aimed to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular‐related acute care use in patients with HCM.

Methods and results

In this population‐based study, the bariatric surgery group consisted of patients with HCM who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2004 to December 2014. The control group included those who have obesity and HCM and received non‐bariatric elective intra‐abdominal surgery during the same period. The outcome was cardiovascular‐related acute care use (i.e. emergency department (ED) visits or unplanned hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease) during a 1‐year post‐surgery period. We used the SPARCS database, a population‐based ED and inpatient database in New York State. We constructed logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to compare the risk of the outcome events during sequential 6‐month post‐surgery periods. We adjusted for age, sex, number of ED visits and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease within 2 years before the index surgery, and the Elixhauser co‐morbidity measures. We also performed propensity score (PS)‐matching and inverse probability treatment weighting analyses using these variables. The analytic cohort consisted of 207 adults with obesity and HCM, including 147 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 60 in the control group. The risk was not significantly different in the 1–6 months post‐surgery period. By contrast, in the 7–12 months post‐surgery period, the risk of cardiovascular‐related acute care use was significantly lower in the bariatric surgery group (adjusted odds ratio 0.23; 95% CI 0.068–0.71; P = 0.01) compared with the control group. In the PS‐matched cohort, there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics. The PS‐matched analysis demonstrated lower risk of the outcome event in the bariatric surgery group in the 7–12 months post‐surgery period. The inverse probability treatment weighting analysis replicated the findings.

Conclusions

Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular‐related acute care use in the 7–12 months post‐surgery period in this population‐based study.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dicarboxylic Acid Esters of 1‐Hexadecanol for a Thermal Energy Storage Application Range of 50–55 °C
Authors: Alkan Cemil , Gökşen Tosun Nazan , Kaplan Özlem
Published: June 2023

Dicarboxylic acid esters for thermal energy storage (TES) have attracted increasing attention in recent years because of their easy production, offering different temperatures, and providing solutions to the handicaps of fatty alcohols, which are potential TES materials. Dicarboxylic acid esters of 1‐hexadecanol are synthesized herein from adipic, succinic, and oxalic acid for the first time as TES materials. The dicarboxylic acid esters are characterized by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the thermophysical properties of the dicarboxylic acid esters are examined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis methods. Additionally, the surface morphology features of the dicarboxylic acid esters are determined by polarized optical microscopy. The synthesized dicarboxylic acid esters of 1‐hexadecanol exhibit curiously specific behaviors that they melt at 49.2, 54.1, 54.8, and 53.5 °C, respectively, and crystallize at 47.7, 50.4, 53.1, and 50.2 °C, respectively. The applicability analyses of the dicarboxylic acid esters are carried out with integral graphs showing the sum of sensible and latent heat in a certain temperature range, time‐dependent heating and cooling graphs in a constant increasing temperature environment, and structural and thermal stability analyses after 1000 times heating–cooling thermal cycle.
Techno‐enviro‐economic design of small‐scale membrane‐based seawater desalination systems integrated with hybrid autonomous renewable power systems
Authors: Gökçek Murat , Özkan Fatma
Published: June 2023

This article aims to search the technical, environmental, and economic model of an off‐grid hybrid power generation system that supplies electricity to a seawater reverse osmosis (RO) system. Net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) values were used to determine the optimal system sizing powering a reverse osmosis desalination system for different sites where is located south and west coast of Türkiye. In the proposed power systems, PV panels, wind turbines, diesel generators, lead‐acid batteries, and converters were used. In the instance where the lowest LCOE of 0.301$/kWh is calculated, the optimal system comprises of a 25.7 kW PV array, one wind turbine (rated at 10 kW), 152 kWh LA batteries, and a 6.76 kW converter. The levelized cost of water (LCOW) value for this case was calculated as 1.168 $/m3. The LCOE value was calculated as 0.529 $/kWh for the power system, which is considered as a base case and consists of only a diesel generator, where no renewable energy source is used. For the base case, the carbon footprint of electricity generation is 35,127 kg/year. According to CO2 sequestration analysis result, the number of trees (Pinus Brutia) to be planted was calculated as approximately 164 tree/year over the lifetime of the power system for base case.
Gel/hydrogel‐based in situ biomaterial platforms for cancer postoperative treatment and recovery
Authors: Feng Yuzhao , Zhang Zhan , Tang Wei , Dai Yunlu
Published: June 2023

Tumor surgical resection is the major strategy for cancer treatment. Meanwhile, perioperative treatment especially the postoperative adjuvant anticancer strategies play essential roles in satisfying therapeutic results and rapid recovery. Postoperative tumor recurrence, metastasis, bleeding, inter‐tissue adhesion, infection, and delayed wound healing are vital risks that could lead to poor prognosis or even treatment failure. Therefore, methods targeting these postoperative complications are in desperate need. In situ biomaterial‐based drug delivery platforms are promising candidates for postoperative treatment and recovery, resulting from their excellent properties including good biocompatibility, adaptive shape, limited systemic effect, designable function, and easy drug loading. In this review, we focus on introducing the gel/hydrogel‐based in situ biomaterial platforms involving their properties, advantages, and synthesis procedures. Based on the loaded contents in the gel/hydrogel such as anticancer drugs, immunologic agents, cell components, and multifunctional nanoparticles, we further discuss the applications of the in situ platforms for postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis inhibition. Finally, other functions aiming at fast postoperative recovery were introduced, including hemostasis, antibacterial infection, adhesion prevention, tissue repair, and wound healing. In conclusion, gel/hydrogel is a developing and promising platform for postoperative treatment, exhibiting gratifying therapeutic effects and inconspicuous toxicity to normal tissues, which deserves further research and exploration.
Composition and contents of fatty acids and amino acids in the mycelia of Lentinula edodes
Authors: Yu Chang‐Xia , Zhang Ya‐Ru , Ren Yun‐Fei , Zhao Yan , Song Xiao‐Xia , Yang Huan‐Ling , Chen Ming‐Jie
Published: June 2023

With the global shortages of animal protein foods, mycoprotein as a low‐cost alternative source of protein by its high‐protein and low‐fat content has become a development trend. Lentinula edodes (L. edodes) is a healthy food with high protein and low fiber. This work evaluated the nutritional value of L. edodes mycelia, and determined the composition and contents of fatty acids and amino acids. Eleven saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and 12 unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were detected in the mycelia of L. edodes. The UFA content accounted for 75.7% and 73.1% of the total fatty acid content in the mycelia of strains 18 and 18N44, respectively. Linoleic acid was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the mycelia, accounting for 91.0% and 86.3% of the UFAs, respectively. The mycelia of the two strains contained 17 types of amino acids, and the essential amino acids were sufficient (357.92 ± 0.42 and 398.38 ± 4.52 mg/g pro, respectively), both close to the WHO/FAO reference protein pattern value. The most abundant essential amino acid was Lys, and the limiting amino acids were Met + Cys and Ile, respectively. The SRC values in the mycelia of the two strains were 68.07 and 54.86, and the EAAI values were 67.70 and 74.42, respectively, both being close to those of ovalbumin. It is concluded that L. edodes mycelia are rich in easily absorbed high‐quality proteins and PUFAs, and can be used as a source for meat analog required by vegetarians. This study provides a scientific basis for the further utilization of mycelial resources.
Characteristics of alanine racemase in Lactobacillus sakeiZH‐2 strain
Authors: Kanauchi Makoto , Matsumoto Natsuki
Published: June 2023

Some d‐amino acid functions for food production are widely known: d‐alanine improves sensory evaluations of sake, beer, and fermented foods. Therefore, for the application of d‐amino acids, alanine racemase (ALRase) in Lactobacillus sakei ZH‐2, which has strong racemization, was analyzed using molecular biological methods. It had been hypothesized that ALRase coding DNA, alr, in ZH‐2 strain differs from those of other Lactobacillus sakei strains. However, complete genome sequencing by the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) revealed the amino acid sequence of alr in ZH‐2 strain to have homology of 99.4% similarity with the alr in Lactobacillus sakei 23K strain. However, it is considered that the sequence of alr was a unique amino acid sequence in the lactic acid bacteria group. DNA “alr” of ZH‐2 strain has a 1140 bp DNA base with 41 kDa molecular mass. Its molecular mass was inferred as approximately 38.0 kDa using SDS‐PAGE. Its optimum conditions are pH 9.0 at 30–40°C, showing stability at pH 9.0–10.0 and 4–40°C. Its cofactor is pyridoxal phosphate. Its activity is activated more by copper and zinc ions than by the lack of a metal ion. Additionally, its Km is 1.32 × 10−3 (mol), with Vmax of 4.27 × 10−5 (μmol−1 min−1). ALRase reacted against alanine most strongly in other substrates such as amino acids. The enzyme against serine was found to have 40% activity against alanine. The enzyme converted up to 54.5% of d‐alanine from l‐alanine ZH‐2 strain.
Omega‐3 fatty acid supplements and recurrent miscarriage: A perspective on potential mechanisms and clinical evidence
Authors: Mu Fangxiang , Huo Huyan , Wang Mei , Wang Fang
Published: June 2023

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects approximately 1%–5% of couples worldwide. Due to its complicated etiologies, the treatments for RM also vary greatly, including surgery for anatomic factors such as septate uterus and uterine adhesions, thyroid modulation drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and aspirin and low molecular weight heparin for antiphospholipid syndrome. However, these treatment modalities are still insufficient to solve RM. Omega‐3 fatty acids are reported to modulate the dysregulation of immune cells, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, etc., which are closely associated with the pathogenesis of RM. However, there is a lack of a systematic description of the involvement of omega‐3 fatty acids in treating RM, and the underlying mechanisms are also not clear. In this review, we sought to determine the potential mechanisms that are highly associated with the pathogenesis of RM and the regulation of omega‐3 fatty acids on these mechanisms. In addition, we also highlighted the direct and indirect clinical evidence of omega‐3 fatty acid supplements to treat RM, which might encourage the application of omega‐3 fatty acids to treat RM, thus improving pregnancy outcomes.
Use of cellulose microfibers from olive pomace to reinforce green composites for sustainable packaging applications
Authors: Amara Cyrine , El Mahdi Ayoub , Akman Perihan Kubra , Medimagh Raouf , Tornuk Fatih , Khwaldia Khaoula
Published: June 2023

To valorize abundant, unexploited, and low‐cost agro‐industrial by‐products, olive pomace is proposed as a sustainable and renewable raw material for cellulose microfibers (CMFs) production. In this study, CMFs were extracted from olive pomace using alkaline and bleaching treatments and characterized in terms of morphological, structural, and thermal properties. Afterward, the reinforcing capability of microfibers was examined using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a polymer matrix by the solvent casting process. The effects of CMF loading (1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%) on the composites' mechanical, physical, morphological, and thermal properties were assessed. CMF incorporation led to a decrease in moisture content (MC), water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP) and an increase in tensile strength (TS), stiffness and transparency values, and thermal stability of CMC films. Increasing CMF content to 5%, increased the TS and elasticity modulus by 54% and 79%, respectively, and reduced the WVP and light transmissivity at 280 nm, by 22% and 47%, respectively. The highest water, moisture, light barrier, and mechanical properties of composites were reached at 5% CMFs.
Cost and Benefits for State‐Based “Energy Transition” Efforts
Authors: Makholm Jeff D. , Busey Andrew H.
Published: June 2023

The phrase “energy transition” is a fairly recent term of Climate and Energy articles, and columns make frequent reference to the subject. Most generally, the term refers to a period of shifting to renewable and low‐carbon energy sources, such as wind and solar, from traditional fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas, and coal.
Effects of exergaming on cognitive functions and loneliness of older adults with cognitive frailty
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Zhen , Lin Chiou‐Fen , Yang Hui‐Ling , Jin Grace , Chiu Huei‐Ling
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Cognitive frailty combines physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia. The prompt detection of cognitive frailty and early implementation of preventive interventions may reduce the incidence of dementia. However, intervention studies of exergaming in older adults with cognitive frailty are scant. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effectiveness of exergaming on cognitive functions and loneliness among older adults with cognitive frailty.

Design

Quasi‐experimental design.

Methods

Participants were recruited from four community settings. The experimental group participated in two 40‐min group exergaming sessions weekly for eight weeks; the control group received usual care. The outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Chinese Version of the Loneliness Scale. Analyses of covariance were conducted to analyze whether exergaming influenced participants' cognitive functions and loneliness. In addition, the effect size of the posttest of the experimental group relative to its baseline value was calculated to determine the effectiveness of the intervention.

Result

69 older adults with cognitive frailty were included, and 35 and 34 were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The exergaming effectively improved the cognitive function of older adults with cognitive frailty.

Conclusions

Exergaming interventions can effectively improve the cognitive functions of older adults with cognitive frailty but do not positively affect loneliness. We provide evidence to healthcare workers to apply exergaming interventions for older adults with cognitive frailty to improve cognitive function.
An analysis of the key drivers of the Japanese digital therapeutics patents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Oda Tetsuaki , Oda Chikako
Published: June 2023

Background

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are software or other tools that support or implement medical practices such as disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment using digital technology. DTx has been approved in Japan, and it is anticipated that the number of approvals will increase in the future. DTx differs from conventional medical devices in that its primary purpose is treatment.

Aim

This study aims to identify the key drivers of DTx in Japan by analyzing patents in the field of medical information, including DTx.

Methodology

This study visualizes the results of patent analyses for DTx and examines patent applications that feature applied technology and indications in the medical information field as the key drivers. The study will also employ patent citation analysis. It can be argued that the more citations a patent receives, the more similar research and development activities are being conducted, and the greater the competition. The number of citations per patent application will also be calculated to help identify areas where the value per patent application is high and competition intensifies. A patent citation matrix analysis will be conducted for notable Japanese companies in the DTx field. The citation matrix analysis consists of the number of citations and the company's selfcitation ratio to visualize the patent value. This study investigates the key drivers of DTx by analyzing patent technologies, focusing on patent applications with a high number of citations or a high selfcitation ratio.

Results

Key drivers of digital therapeutics were examined by analyzing patents in the fields of healthcare informatics and diagnostics. In terms of the number of patent applications and citations in Japan, numerous patents were related to “applications,” “sensors,” “medical imaging,” “central nervous system/psychiatry,” and “heart.” As a result, Japanese companies are expected to conduct R&D with an eye toward overseas expansion.
Reproductive experiences and factors influencing contraceptive use among female head‐porters in Ghana: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Amponsah‐Tabi Seth , Sarbeng Kwadwo , Dassah Edward , Peprah Amponsah , Asubonteng Gerald Owusu , Ankobea Frank , Opoku Stephen , Senu Ebenezer , Morhe Emmanuel S. K. , Danso Kwabena Antwi
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

Female head‐porters are a cohort of women who have migrated from their rural communities into commercial cities in search of better economic opportunities. These young women are vulnerable to untoward reproductive experiences. The study assesses the reproductive experiences of women and the factors influencing contraceptive use among them.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021 in the Kumasi Metropolis (n = 280). The study included 280 female head‐porters within the reproductive age of 15–49 years. Convenience sampling and consecutive recruitment were used to obtain the needed sample size. All statistical significance was declared at a p‐value of <0.05.

Results

Forty‐two percent of respondents had a history of contraceptive use (all modern or artificial contraception). The study found gravidity (p < 0.0001), parity (p < 0.0001), number of sexual partners post‐migration (p = 0.008), and age of first sex (p = 0.033) to be associated with contraceptive use among female head‐porters.

Conclusion

Fourteen percent had experienced sexual exploitation post‐migration, the first sexual encounter of one‐third of participants were nonconsensual, 19% had sex at or before 16 years, and 72% were aware of contraception. Reproductive experiences such as gravidity and sexual debut (age at first sex) have a significant influence on the use of contraception.