bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was auf dem Spiel steht
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: July 2017

Die Frage nach dem Sinn bzw. die persönliche Sinnfindung war für den Arzt und Psychiater Viktor Frankl (1905–1997) zentral. Als Überlebender verschiedener Konzentrationslager, in welchen er Eltern, Geschwister und Ehefrau verlor, verarbeitete er seine traumatischen Erfahrungen auf besondere Weise. Für ihn gab es seither nur noch zwei Gruppen von Menschen: Anständige und Unanständige, quer zu allen Grenzziehungen nach Rassen und Nationen. „Seit Auschwitz wissen wir, wessen der Mensch fähig ist. Und seit Hiroshima wissen wir, was auf dem Spiel steht“, wird er zitiert 1. Für ihn wurde die Frage nach dem Sinn, welcher gefunden werden muss, zur zentralen Frage 2. Er entwickelte diese Sinnfrage zu einem therapeutischen Konzept, der Sinntherapie (Logotherapie bzw. Existenzanalyse), welche er in seiner psychiatrischen Tätigkeit entfaltete. Er setzte sich dafür ein, die psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Arbeit durch eine geistige Dimension zu ergänzen und grenzte sich damit von vielen enger gefassten Sichtweisen in der Psychiatrie ab. Er arbeitete bis zu seinem Tode in Wien, weshalb seine therapeutische Richtung auch als „Dritte Wiener Schule der Psychotherapie“ bezeichnet wird.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der ketogenen Ernährung in der Krebstherapie
Authors: Kämmerer Ulrike , Johannes Klement Rainer
Published: July 2017

Eine ketogene Ernährung mit einem sehr hohen Fettanteil und einer Verknappung von Glukose zeigt tierexperimentell günstige Effekte auf Tumorwachstum und Überleben. In der humanen Krebstherapie deuten sich positive Wirkungen der ketogenen Diät in der Kombination mit Strahlen- und Chemotherapie an.
Gender Differences of Achilles tendon Cross-sectional Area during Loading
Authors: Intziegianni Konstantina , Cassel Michael , Hain Gerrit , Mayer Frank
Published: July 2017

The Achilles tendon (AT) is larger and stiffer in males compared to females. AT stiffness is determined by length differences during loading. However, as some collagen fibres run transversely, changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) are also expected. The study investigates the gender differences of AT-CSA during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).

Fifteen males and fifteen females were positioned prone on the isokinetic dynamometer with knee extended and ankle flexed 90°. AT-CSA [mm2] from rest to MVIC during plantar flexion was sonographically assessed. AT-CSA maximal deformation [mm2] was subtracted by CSAMVIC–CSArest. AT-CSA compliance [mm2/Nm] and strain [%] were calculated by dividing the CSA deformation [mm2] by peak torque [Nm] and CSA at rest [mm2], respectively. Gender differences were assessed by an independent sample t-test with Bonferroni correction (α=0.01).

AT-CSA dimensions at rest (p=0.001) and contraction (p=0.001) as well peak torque (p=0.001) were statistically significant higher in males (54.4±5.1 mm2, 53.7±5.1 mm2, 120.1±26.8 Nm) compared to females (46.2±7.0 mm2, 43.4±6.9 mm2, 86.9±21.6 Nm). AT-CSA deformation (p=0.000) strain (p=0.000) and compliance (p=0.000) were found to be statistically significant higher in females (–2.8±0.9 mm2, –6.2±2.0%, –0.033±0.018 mm2/Nm) compared to males (–0.8±1.8 mm2, –1.4±3.3%, –0.007±0.008 mm2/Nm).

During loading, the AT also deforms at the transverse level by reducing its CSA. CSA reduction was higher in females, indicating also higher CSA compliance compared to males. Higher CSA compliance might indicate higher adaptability towards loading and might be discussed as a protective factor.
Development of a high-speed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) imaging system for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Zhou Fan , Ming Tingfeng , Wang Yumin , Wang Zhijun , Long Feifei , Zhuang Qing , Li Guoqiang , Liang Yunfeng , Gao Xiang
Published: July 2017

A high-speed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) imaging system for edge plasma studies is being developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Its key optics is composed of an inverse type of Schwarzschild telescope made of a set of Mo/Si multilayer mirrors, a micro-channel plate (MCP) equipped with a P47 phosphor screen and a high-speed camera with CMOS sensors. In order to remove the contribution from low-energy photons, a Zr filter is installed in front of the MCP detector. With this optics, VUV photons with a wavelength of 13.5 nm, which mainly come from the line emission from intrinsic carbon (C vi: n = 4-2 transition) or the Ly-α line emission from injected Li iii on the EAST, can be selectively measured two-dimensionally with both high temporal and spatial resolutions. At present, this system is installed to view the plasma from the low field side in a horizontal port in the EAST. It has been operated routinely during the 2016 EAST experiment campaign, and the first result is shown in this work. To roughly evaluate the system performance, synthetic images are created. And it indicates that this system mainly measures the edge localized emissions by comparing the synthetic images and experimental data.
Numerical study of hydrophobic micron particle’s impaction on liquid surface
Authors: Ji Bingqiang , Song Qiang , Yao Qiang
Published: July 2017

In this study, a simulation method is established for the impaction of micron particles on liquid surfaces, by which the processes of two impaction modes (submergence and oscillation) are studied. The submergence is found to go through three stages, each of which shows different characteristics of particle velocity and gas–liquid interface variance. The dominant forces of the early and late times of the submergence mode are hydrodynamic force and surface tension, respectively, the accumulated work of which is in the same order. The lost particle kinetic energy is converted to the surface energy of the interfaces, the internal energy and the kinetic energy of fluids. The primary part of the oscillation is the first cycle, and the characteristics of its sinking process are similar to that of the submergence. In the reverting stage, the particle rising velocity increases first and then decreases, and the cavity retracts until the gas–liquid interface flattens. The dominant forces of the early and late times of the reverting stage are surface tension and hydrodynamic force, respectively. The positive accumulated work of surface tension on the particle is considerably limited due to the large contact angle hysteresis at the early times of the reverting stage. The negative accumulated work of the hydrodynamic force on the particle at the late times causes a fast decrease in particle kinetic energy, which leads to particle floating on the gas–liquid interface. The results are helpful in understanding the mechanism of micron particle impaction and developing the prediction method of attachment efficiency.
Non-equilibrium microscale thermomechanical modeling of bimetallic particulate fractal structures during ball milling fabrication
Authors: Aureli Matteo , Doumanidis Constantine C. , Gunduz I. E. , Hussien Aseel Gamal Suliman , Liao Yiliang , Jaffar Syed Murtaza , Rebholz Claus , Doumanidis Charalabos C.
Published: July 2017

Nanostructured bimetallic reactive multilayers can be conveniently produced by ball milling of elemental powders. This research explores the non-equilibrium microscale conductive thermal transport in ball-milled particulate fractal structures during fabrication, arising from heat dissipation by bulk plastic deformation and surface friction. Upon impactor collisions, temperature increments are determined at interface joints and domain volumes using Green's functions, mirrored by source images with respect to warped ellipsoid domain boundaries. Heat source efficiency is calibrated via laboratory data to compensate for thermal expansion and impactor inelasticity, and the thermal analysis is coupled to a dynamic mechanics model of the particulate fracture. This thermomechanical model shows good agreement with the fractal dimensions of the observed microstructure from ball milling experiments. The model is intended to provide a comprehensive physical understanding of the fundamental process mechanism. In addition, the model could serve as a real-time thermal observer for closed-loop process control, as well as for interfacial diffusion and reaction analysis during ball milling.
The structure of bow shocks formed by the interaction of pulsed-power driven magnetised plasma flows with conducting obstacles
Authors: Burdiak G. C. , Lebedev S. V. , Bland S. N. , Clayson T. , Hare J. , Suttle L. , Suzuki-Vidal F. , Garcia D. C. , Chittenden J. P. , Bott-Suzuki S. , Ciardi A. , Frank A. , Lane T. S.
Published: July 2017

We present an experimental study of the development and structure of bow shocks produced by the interaction of a magnetised, collisional, super-Alfvénic plasma flow with conducting cylindrical obstacles. The plasma flow with an embedded, frozen-in magnetic field (ReM ∼ 20) is produced by the current-driven ablation of fine aluminium wires in an inverse, exploding wire array z-pinch. We show that the orientation of the embedded field with respect to the obstacles has a dramatic effect on the bow shock structure. When the field is aligned with the obstacle, a sharp bow shock is formed with a global structure that is determined simply by the fast magneto-sonic Mach number. When the field is orthogonal to the obstacle, magnetic draping occurs. This leads to the growth of a magnetic precursor and the subsequent development of a magnetised bow shock that is mediated by two-fluid effects, with an opening angle and a stand-off distance, that are both many times larger than in the parallel geometry. By changing the field orientation, we change the fluid regime and physical mechanisms that are responsible for the development of the bow shocks. MHD simulations show good agreement with the structure of well-developed bow shocks. However, collisionless, two-fluid effects will need to be included within models to accurately reproduce the development of the shock with an orthogonal B-field.
Transition path times reveal memory effects and anomalous diffusion in the dynamics of protein folding
Authors: Satija Rohit , Das Atanu , Makarov Dmitrii E.
Published: July 2017

Recent single-molecule experiments probed transition paths of biomolecular folding and, in particular, measured the time biomolecules spend while crossing their free energy barriers. A surprising finding from these studies is that the transition barriers crossed by transition paths, as inferred from experimentally observed transition path times, are often lower than the independently determined free energy barriers. Here we explore memory effects leading to anomalous diffusion as a possible origin of this discrepancy. Our analysis of several molecular dynamics trajectories shows that the dynamics of common reaction coordinates used to describe protein folding is subdiffusive, at least at sufficiently short times. We capture this effect using a one-dimensional fractional Brownian motion (FBM) model, in which the system undergoes a subdiffusive process in the presence of a potential of mean force, and show that this model yields much broader distributions of transition path times with stretched exponential long-time tails. Without any adjustable parameters, these distributions agree well with the transition path times computed directly from protein trajectories. We further discuss how the FBM model can be tested experimentally.
Stability and electronic structure of defect complexes in Gd-doped GaN: First-principles calculations
Authors: Li Y. , Hou Z. T. , Li Y. R. , Su H. L. , Liu C. C. , Wang M.
Published: July 2017

Based on the density functional theory, we systematically investigate the stability and magnetic moment of various defect complexes, which are formed by Gd and Ga vacancies, N vacancy, N interstitial, or O interstitial in GaN doped with Gd. The point defects and dopant Gd are found to attract each other, i.e., cooperative effect, which means that defects would make it relatively easy to incorporate Gd into GaN. However, the formation of defects, especially Ga vacancies in GaN:Gd, is not energetically stable. The more discretely Ga vacancies distribute, the larger is the local magnetic moment that they can introduce in GaN:Gd. In comparison, N vacancies do not contribute to the local magnetic moment irrespective of their concentration and symmetry. For the case of the interstitial atom, the octahedral N can induce the local magnetic moment, while the tetrahedral N or O sites would not contribute to the local magnetic moment. Only the octahedral O near the Gd is found to induce the magnetic moment.
Collisional three-body recombination in strongly coupled ultracold plasmas
Authors: Vorob'ev V. S.
Published: July 2017

The collisional three-body (e – e – ion) recombination in an ultracold plasma is considered when the temperature T is small and the coupling parameter characterizing the interaction of electrons and ions exceeds unity. For these conditions, we calculate the average energy of the electron and find the recombination coefficient. The latter for small values of the coupling parameter becomes ∼T−9/2 and for large ones is inversely proportional to the plasma frequency. We compare the results obtained with different theoretical models and the numerical simulation data of the recombination process.
Analytical model (CELIC) for describing organic and inorganic solar cells based on drift-diffusion calculations
Authors: Müller Arne , Jovanov Vladislav , Wagner Veit
Published: July 2017

This work shows an analytical semiconductor diode model suitable to describe photovoltaic cells for a large variety of physical parameters, such as mobility of charge carriers and illumination intensity. The model is based on a simplified drift-diffusion calculation assuming a constant electric field and a linear increasing current inside the semiconductor layer. The model also accounts for recombination processes in the active and contact layers. Organic and inorganic solar cells can be accurately modeled, which is confirmed by comparison of experimental data and full drift-diffusion calculations with the same physical parameters. In addition, this model shows how physical properties can be directly extracted from the crossing point often found in J-V characteristics.
Photoinduced properties of Bis-azo chromophore host guest systems-birefringence and all optical tuneable polymer waveguide Bragg gratings
Authors: Janssens Stefaan , Breukers Robert , Swanson Adam , Raymond Sebastiampillai
Published: July 2017

The photoinduced properties of recently synthesised and reported bis-azo dyes doped host-guest polymer films were investigated. The photochromic properties and photoinduced birefringence were characterised. The birefringence was found to be very stable, and 96% of the birefringence was retained after illumination of the films was stopped. The high two photon absorption cross section (1251GM) together with stable photoinduced birefringence makes these materials promising candidates for 3D optical storage. The reported photochromic properties were subsequently used to design and manufacture an all optical integrated device. A waveguide Bragg grating was fabricated, and the Bragg wavelength was controlled over 600 pm by the intensity dependence of the refractive index of the photochromic material.
Block based compressive sensing method of microwave induced thermoacoustic tomography for breast tumor detection
Authors: Liu Shuangli , Zhao Zhiqin , Zhu Xiaozhang , Lu Yanxi , Wang Bingwen , Nie Zaiping , Liu Qing-Huo
Published: July 2017

Microwave induced thermoacoustic tomography (MITAT) is a developing non-ionized technique which has great potential in early breast tumor detection. In our previous work, an imaging method, CS-MITAT, was proposed, which applied the compressive sensing theory in MITAT and achieved a good image. The method converts a signal model into an unconstrained optimization problem with ℓ1 norm regularization, which only exploits the spatial sparsity of targets. In this paper, based on the block sparsity of thermoacoustic signals and target distribution in MITAT, the signals to be detected can be grouped into several blocks and the summation of ℓ2 norm regularization is used to replace the ℓ1 norm regularization of the CS-MITAT method. The combination of ℓ2 and ℓ1 norm regularizations helps the aggregation of nonzero elements which are accumulated in blocks. A priori structural constraint is added to form a more realistic signal model which can improve the image quality. Compared with the conventional approach of time reversal mirror and the method of gradient projection for sparse reconstruction, the alternating direction method of multipliers is applied to solve the convex optimization problem. Simulations and experiments on a real breast tumor demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Chemical vapor deposition of poly-p-xylylene in narrow tubes
Authors: Bröskamp Sara Felicitas , Redka David , Möhlmann Alexander , Franz Gerhard , Jocham Dieter
Published: July 2017

Depositing a film via chemical vapor deposition results in superior conformity compared with other deposition techniques, primarily due to the unique chemical interactions between the surface and the reactive compounds. This technique requires a readily accessible surface and so, if the transport of the reactive species is impeded, irrespective of whether this depletion is caused by diffusion or convective flow, a homogeneous layer thickness cannot be achieved. This is often the case when applying films to the interiors of tubes, especially tubes with a dead-end, such that the inevitable loss of film-building components leads to a drop in thickness along the deposition length. The present work examined the deposition of the organic polymer poly-p-xylylene, using a reactor with dimensions that were large compared with the mean free path and tubes in which this factor (the Knudsen number) becomes unity, such that the deposition can be approximately described with the continuum model.

A so-called temperature seesaw was employed to mitigate variations in layer thickness by generating an opposing temperature gradient. It was found that, under a vacuum of several tens of mTorr, the polymer could be deposited on the interior wall of a tube with an aspect ratio of at least 100 with an accuracy of ±7.5 %. The true ceiling temperature for the N derivate of this polymer was also determined to be 70±2 °C.
PSI becomes more tolerant to fluoranthene through the initiation of cyclic electron flow
Authors: Tomar Rupal Singh , Jajoo Anjana
Published: July 2017

Environmental pollution by organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses a potential ecological risk to photosynthetic organisms. In the present study, the toxic effects of fluoranthene (FLT) on the energy conversion of PSI and PSII in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were studied. By evaluating the performance of both PSI and PSII, which act as an internal environmental sensor, it was revealed that activity of both photosystems was negatively affected by FLT treatment. However, the quantum yield of PSII, Y(II), was reduced at 5 µM FLT, whereas the quantum yield of PSI, Y(I), significantly decreased at 25 µM FLT. The decline in Y(II) was accompanied by an increase in nonregulated energy dissipation, Y(NO). The decrease in Y(I) induced by FLT was caused by donor-side, and acceptor side limitation of PSI. Cyclic electron flow (CEF) was activated only at higher concentrations and was associated with the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) after exposure to a higher concentration of FLT. The inhibition of LEF and induction of CEF seems to be essential for the tolerance of PSI to FLT toxicity.
La transposition de la valeur discursive
Authors: Labasse Bertrand
Published: July 2017

L’appréciation d’une traduction dépend, comme celle du texte original, d’un ensemble de facteurs linguistiques, psychologiques et sociaux dont l’interaction est généralement difficile à appréhender. Dans un premier temps, cet article présente un modèle socio-cognitif intégrant ces facteurs, développé dans le champ de la communication écrite unilingue afin d’expliciter l’articulation des variables qui déterminent la perception de la valeur discursive.

Dans un second temps, il examine l’apport possible de ce modèle à certains problèmes de la traduction, d’abord en envisageant en théorie celle-ci comme un processus multifactoriel de transposition de la valeur des discours, puis en appliquant cette approche à l’analyse de cas de traductions perçues comme défaillantes.
Du papier au numérique, traduction et mutations technologiques
Authors: Rochard Michel
Published: July 2017

En juin 1990 se tenait dans les locaux de l’ESIT un colloque sur La liberté en traduction en hommage à Danica Seleskovitch. Nous retiendrons cette date et ce colloque comme point de départ de notre contribution sur le rapport de la traduction avec l’écrit et la réécriture parce qu’ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte remarquable:

Le thème de la liberté en traduction renvoie à la question du rapport du traducteur avec le texte original (l’écrit) et aux limites de son action de réécriture.

Sur le plan traductologique, le débat entre sourciers et ciblistes est pratiquement dépassé et les grands courants pragmatistes (Théorie interprétative, Théorie du Skopos et analyse de discours) commencent à converger. Les théories linguistiques de la traduction perdent du terrain.

Le métier n’est encore que peu touché par les mutations technologiques. La TAO est balbutiante, la traduction automatique moribonde et la généralisation du traitement de texte peut être considérée comme un simple changement d’instrument d’écriture.

Le papier (texte, document, publication, livre…) est le vecteur archi-dominant de la communication susceptible de faire appel aux traducteurs.

L’impact de la Chute du mur de Berlin sur l’économie mondiale n’est pas encore perceptible.

Dans la suite de notre communication, ce sont ces éléments de contexte qui nous serviront de paramètres pour l’analyse de l’évolution du rapport de la traduction avec l’écrit et la réécriture au cours des deux périodes, à savoir la vingtaine d’années qui suit (mondialisation économique, Internet et messagerie, développement de la TAO) et surtout la période actuelle de la transformation numérique qui semble devoir donner lieu aux plus grandes mutations du métier de traducteur, notamment dans ses rapports avec le papier, l’écrit et la réécriture.
L’écriture et l’illusion dans l’adaptation audiovisuelle et le cas particulier de « Karambolage »
Authors: Stonner Christian
Published: July 2017

L’adaptation audiovisuelle – le sous-titrage et le doublage – révèle quelques surprises quant à la place qu’elle réserve à l’écriture. Le sous-titrage consiste bel et bien à ajouter une ou deux lignes de texte écrit aux images animées, ce qui en fait, en quelque sorte, une adaptation « audio-lego-visuelle ». En revanche, le doublage ne devrait a priori pas trop s’encombrer d’écriture puisqu’il s’agit de remplacer du langage parlé par du langage parlé. Or il en est tout autrement : de la « détection » à la « calligraphie » en passant tout de même par la traduction et l’adaptation, l’écriture y est omniprésente. Et le sens, si cher au traducteur, ne se cache pas toujours là où on le croit… Le but du « voice-over », méthode utilisée particulièrement dans le cadre de documentaires, est d’effacer toute trace d’écriture en faisant semblant de parler de manière spontanée, donc de créer une illusion d’interprétation simultanée. Enfin, il existe un cas où le principe même des langues source et cible semble être quelque peu ébranlé : la petite émission hebdomadaire du nom de « Karambolage » d’Arte. Peut-on alors encore parler de traduction? N’est-ce pas plutôt une sorte de rédaction ou création parallèle, bilingue et biculturelle?
Between local and standard varieties
Authors: Villena-Ponsoda Juan-Andrés , Vida-Castro Matilde
Published: July 2017

The aim of this chapter is to show evidence of the formation of an intermediate regional variety between, on the one hand, central and standard Castilian Spanish and, on the other, southern innovative dialects. This new variety, which has gradually been emerging in the urban centres of east Andalusia, is a sort of koine melting innovative non-standard phonological traits with standard features.

This paper presents data and results from a research project on the Sociolinguistic Patterns of Castilian Spanish (Pasos), as part of an International Research Project on the American and Castilian Urban Varieties of Spanish (Preseea-Project). Pasos currently deals with dialect convergence and divergence affecting both central conservative and southern innovative varieties.1
Intraoperative Topical Antibiotics for Infection Prophylaxis in Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Owen Matthew T. , Keener Emily M. , Hyde Zane B. , Crabtree Reaves M. , Hudson Parke W. , Griffin Russell L. , Lowe Jason A.
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

To determine if topical vancomycin and tobramycin powder reduces the incidence of surgical site infection after pelvic ring and acetabulum fracture surgery.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

University of Alabama at Birmingham, Academic Level I Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:

Two hundred nineteen patients (140 meeting inclusion criteria) with pelvic and acetabular fractures who underwent open reduction and internal fixation from March 2012 to November 2013.

Intervention:

One gram vancomycin and 1.2 g tobramycin powder applied deep in the surgical wound of the treatment group.

Main Outcome Measurements:

Postoperative infection rate.

Results:

One hundred forty patients were included. Control group (n = 69) and treatment group (n = 71) were similar for sex, age, ethnicity, and body mass index. There was no difference between groups with regards to renal function postoperative day 2 (P = 0.24). The risk of infection was 14.5% and 4.2% (P = 0.04) for the control and treatment groups, respectively. No significant effect of antibiotic treatment was observed overall after adjusting for EBL (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.02–1.06). Of note, a nonsignificant 71% increase was observed among those with ≥1 L EBL (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval, 0.02–147.02).

Conclusions:

Topical antibiotics possibly reduce the incidence of surgical site infection after open pelvic and acetabulum fixation without increasing risk of renal impairment. The protective effect of topical antibiotics may be limited to patients with minimal intraoperative blood loss.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Incidence of Posterior Vitreous Detachment After Femtosecond LASIK Compared With Microkeratome LASIK
Authors: Osman Moataz Hamed , Khalil Noha Mahmoud , El-Agha Mohamed-Sameh
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To compare the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) after femtosecond and microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Setting:

Rowad Correction Centre, Cairo, Egypt (a private center affiliated to Cairo University).

Design:

Prospective, nonrandomized comparative unmasked study.

Methods:

The study was conducted at a single laser center. Eligible patients chose between femtosecond and microkeratome LASIK after appropriate counseling. B-scan ultrasonography was performed before surgery by a single operator. Patients with preexisting PVD (partial or complete) were excluded. The axial length was also recorded. All surgery was performed by a single surgeon. During surgery, the suction time was measured. Ultrasonography was repeated 1 month after surgery by the same operator to detect PVD.

Results:

Ten patients (20 eyes, group M) underwent LASIK using the Moria M2 microkeratome, and 10 patients (20 eyes, group F) underwent femtosecond LASIK with the IntraLase FS-150. In groups M and F, respectively, the proportion of women was 80% and 70%, and the mean age was 24.7 ± 4 years and 25.7 ± 3.3 years, the mean axial length was 24.2 ± 1.2 and 23.8 ± 1.2 mm, and the mean suction time was 18 ± 2 seconds and 63 ± 4 seconds (P < 0.001). After surgery, PVD was detected in 4 eyes (20%) in group M and 17 eyes (85%) in group F (P = 0.000044).

Conclusions:

The incidence of PVD 1 month after femtosecond LASIK was higher than after microkeratome LASIK. This may be due to longer suction time during femtosecond LASIK despite lower suction pressure.
Determination of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale
Authors: Hwang Christopher J. , Ellis Reeves , Davis Richard M. , Tolleson-Rinehart Sue
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

To establish an initial estimation of the MCID of the University of North Carolina Dry Eye Management Scale (UNC DEMS) and assess its association with patient perceptions of symptom change.

Methods:

Thirty-three patients (33.3% men, 67.7% women, mean age 60.5 yrs) with previous DEMS scores were recruited from a UNC ophthalmology clinic in spring 2014. We used anchor-based methods, categorizing important symptom change, to compare the change in the DEMS scores across visits to patient assessments of change; linear regression coefficients estimated the MCID. We correlated clinical assessments, patient perceptions, and DEMS scores.

Results:

DEMS score changes correlated with global anchors [−0.4229 (P = 0.014)]. Unadjusted linear regression yielded a beta coefficient of −0.54 (confidence interval, −0.97 to −0.12, R2 = 0.18, P = 0.014), which estimated the DEMS MCID. Adjusting the regression model for days since the last visit and DEMS score improved the association (beta = −0.56; confidence interval, −0.99 to −0.13; R2 = 0.43; P = 0.013). Descriptive statistics produced an MCID of 1 point. Patients said that 2 points would represent a significant change. The DEMS modestly correlated with the Schirmer test (−0.4045, P = 0.0266), Oxford Grading Scheme (+0.3713, P = 0.0364), and tear breakup time (−0.3559, P = 0.0456).

Conclusions:

The UNC DEMS is a valid, responsive patient-reported outcome measure instrument, which is easy to use in the clinic and capable of showing an MCID of 1 point.
Mifepristone Plasma Level and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Associated With Response in Patients With Psychotic Depression
Authors: Block Thaddeus , Petrides Georgios , Kushner Harvey , Kalin Ned , Belanoff Joseph , Schatzberg Alan
Published: July 2017

Background

Psychotic depression has no Food and Drug Administration–approved treatment. Patients demonstrate significant dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis providing a biologically targeted treatment opportunity. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and biological effects of short-duration (7-day) glucocorticoid receptor antagonism with mifepristone and the role of mifepristone plasma levels in patients with psychotic depression.

Methods

This double-blind, randomized study took place at 34 US clinical research centers and included patients with a diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, major depressive disorder, severe, with psychotic features. Patients underwent daily, observed, in-clinic administration of oral study drug (mifepristone 1200 mg or placebo) for days 1 to 7 of the 56-day trial, followed by treatment with a single Food and Drug Administration–approved antidepressant on days 8 to 56. The following scales were administered on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), BPRS Positive Symptom Subscale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. The primary end point was a categorical analysis evaluating the proportion of patients with 50% or greater reduction from baseline in BPRS Positive Symptom Subscale score on both days 7 and 56, demonstrating early and durable response. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone were measured on days 0, 7, 28, and 56. Mifepristone plasma levels were assessed on days 0 and 7.

Results

An interim analysis indicated that the primary efficacy end point was unlikely to be met, and the study was stopped early with 292 of the planned 450 patients enrolled. Although the primary end point was not met, in a secondary prespecified analysis, patients who attained a mifepristone plasma level of 1637 ng/mL or greater (defined a priori and termed the high plasma level; 66.7% of patients) demonstrated statistically significant reductions in psychotic symptoms compared with patients who received placebo starting on day 28. This group also showed nonsignificant, numeric superiority on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression improvement. No significant improvements were observed in the low-mifepristone group (<1637 ng/mL) versus the placebo group. There were no significant differences in Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale suicidality ratings between groups.

Conclusions

Mifepristone 1200 mg daily for 7 days was safe and well tolerated, allowing most treated patients to achieve the a priori defined therapeutic plasma level of 1637 ng/mL, the mifepristone level associated with biological effect and clinical benefit.
Atopy in Elite Endurance Athletes
Authors: Teixeira Renata N. , Leite Gerson dos Santos , Bonini Matteo , Gorjão Renata , Agondi Rosana C. , Kokron Cristina M. , Carvalho Celso R. F.
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To assess the frequency of atopy (specific IgE levels), to evaluate the allergic symptoms using the Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA), and to determine whether atopy is associated with allergic symptoms in elite endurance athletes.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Assessments were performed at Hospital das Clinicas—São Paulo University Medical School.

Participants:

Fifty-nine elite endurance athletes (triathletes and runners).

Main Outcome Measures:

Allergic symptoms were assessed by a validated self-report AQUA questionnaire and atopy by specific IgE level.

Results:

The frequency of atopy (specific IgE to at least one inhalant allergen) and allergic symptoms was 57.6% and 54.2%, respectively. In addition, no association was observed between atopy and allergic symptoms.

Conclusions:

A possible implication from our results is that atopy screening in elite athletes should be performed using AQUA questionnaire and measuring specific IgE simultaneously.
Shoulder Injuries in Canoeing and Kayaking
Authors: Holland Philip , Torrance Emma , Funk Lennard
Published: July 2017

Objective:

We report the largest case series of shoulder injuries among paddlers so far to establish common mechanisms and patterns of injury. We also discuss how these injuries were managed and report the proportion of paddlers that return to paddlesport.

Design:

Case series.

Setting:

Upper Limb Unit, Wrightington Hospital, United Kingdom. Manchester Arm Clinic, United Kingdom.

Patients:

Fifty-seven shoulder injuries to professional and recreational paddlers were reviewed at a mean follow-up time of 55 months from the first consultation. The patient cohort had a mean age of 36 years and consisted of 56% males.

Assessment of Risk Factors:

Sex, mechanism of injury, acute/nonacute injury, and level of sport participation.

Main Outcome Measures:

Patient data were analyzed with regards to Constant score, QuickDASH score, and VAS satisfaction score before and after treatment.

Results:

The most common mechanism of injury was a capsize which accounted for 15 (26%) injuries. Ten injuries caused by a capsize were labral tears all of which needed surgery. A significant improvement in patient outcome scores was noted. Patients were able to return to a high level of paddling such as 3 slalom paddlers who returned to international competition; one of whom had bilateral surgery.

Conclusions:

Paddlers most commonly injure their shoulder when preventing a capsize, during a capsize or while rolling. The paddles strokes performed at these times often require paddlers to place their shoulder in a dangerous abducted and externally rotated position. We believe this is one of the commonest causes of serious shoulder injuries to paddlers.
A new role of growth hormone and insulin growth factor receptor type 1 in neonatal inflammatory nociception
Authors: Manzano-García Alfredo , Gamal-Eltrabily Mohammed
Published: July 2017

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) are implicated in nociceptive processing; it has been reported that the latter participates in neonatal inflammatory nociception. In the target article, the authors propose that local inflammation evoked by carrageenan administration in mice produces a decrease in the local GH levels and an increment of IGF1 receptors type 1 expression, this produces behavioral nociception and peripheral sensitization that can be prevented by GH systemic administration pretreatment.
Pulp Vitality of Maxillary Canines After Alveolar Cleft Bone Grafting: Pulse Oximetry Versus Electric Pulp Test Versus Cold Test
Authors: Khademi Abbas Ali , Shahtouri Maryam Montazeri , Attar Bijan Movahedian , Rikhtegaran Niloofar
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

Assessment of pulp vitality is necessary prior to any dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess pulp vitality of bilateral canines in unilateral cleft patients following alveolar bone graft surgery using pulse oximetry, electrical pulp test, and cold test.

Methods:

This analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on canines of 20 unilateral cleft patients who had alveolar bone graft surgery. Pulp vitality of canines was evaluated postoperatively by pulse oximetry, electrical pulp test, and cold test. Data were analyzed using t test, Mann–Whitney test, and χ
2 test. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean pulp SpO2 was significantly lower in canines at the cleft side compared with the normal side (85.04 ± 4.65 versus 87.78 ± 4.01, P = 0.05). The response to cold test was not significantly different (P = 0.056). The mean response to electrical pulp was not significantly different between the 2 sides either (P = 0.62).

Conclusion:

The mean SpO2 of canines was lower at the cleft side than normal side but both sides had adequate blood supply and were vital.
Comparison of the Effects of Local and Systemic Zoledronic Acid Application on Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Dundar Serkan , Artas Gokhan , Acikan Izzet , Yaman Ferhan , Kirtay Mustafa , Ozupek Muhammed Fatih , Asutay Fatih , Kom Mustafa
Published: July 2017

Bisphosphonates are antibone resorptive drugs that are used to prevent bone tissue resorption in several skeletal diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of systemic and local applications of zoledronic acid (ZA) on newly regenerated bone in a model of experimental distraction osteogenesis (DO). To do this mandibular DO was applied to 30 adult female Sprague Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, DO only, systemic zoledronic acid (SZA), and local zoledronic acid (LZA). In the LZA group, the gap between the bone fragments was filled with a gelatin sponge soaked in 2 mg of ZA and 0.1 mL of sterile saline. In the SZA group, a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg ZA was administered systemically. After the surgery, there was a 5-day latent waiting period and 10-day distraction phase. Following a 28-day consolidation period, the rats were euthanized and their mandibles were collected. The distracted bone area was seen to be filled with newly regenerated bone tissue in all 3 groups, both histologically and histomorphometrically. In addition, amounts of new bone formation, osteoblast cella, osteoclast (OC) cells, osteopontin, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the SZA and LZA groups were found to be higher when compared with the controls. Furthermore, in the SZA group, new bone formation, osteoblast, OC, osteopontin, and vascular endothelial growth factor were detected in significant amounts compared with the LZA group. Osteoclast numbers did not differ in a statistically significant manner in the SZA group with respect to the LZA group. Based on the results of this study, systemic and local applications of ZA could increase the formation of new bone in patients of DO, and systemic application is a more effective method compared with local application.
Successful Laparoscopic Harvesting of Omental Pedicle Flap for Salvage Cerebral Revascularization in 2 Adults With Moyamoya Disease: Technique and Lessons Learned
Authors: Schumm Max , Simon Kathleen , Sacho Rapheal , Gould Jon C.
Published: July 2017

Moyamoya is an idiopathic and progressive disease that leads to occlusion of intracranial arteries. When other methods of revascularization fail, omentum can be used as an indirect bypass to improve cerebral perfusion. Laparoscopic mobilization of a pedicled omental flap with subcutaneous tunneling to the brain has been described in small case series in children. We report our techniques and outcomes in 2 adults with Moyamoya to undergo such a procedure. An omental flap based on the right gastroepiploic artery was created and intraoperative fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green was used to assess the viability of the flap and to guide lengthening of the pedicle. The flap was tunneled subcutaneously using skip incisions. There were no intraoperative complications and no postoperative complications related to the omental flap. Follow-up evaluation demonstrates viable omental flaps and improved cerebral vascularization. This technique is feasible in adults who require salvage cerebral revascularization for Moyamoya disease.
Effect of Clonidine on Hemodynamic Responses During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Xi , Wang Yu , Zhang Jiefeng
Published: July 2017

Background:

Clonidine might be beneficial to the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This meta-analysis focused on the influence of clonidine on hemodynamic responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods:

We searched several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials regarding the influence of clonidine versus placebo on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary outcomes were mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at pneumoperitoneum. The random-effect model was applied for this study.

Results:

Compared with control intervention, clonidine intervention was found to significantly reduce the MAP at pneumoperitoneum [standard mean difference=−2.58; 95% confidence interval (CI),−4.63 to −0.53; P=0.01), HR at pneumoperitoneum (standard mean difference=−3.67; 95% CI, −6.57 to −0.76; P=0.01), MAP at intubation (standard mean difference=−2.40; 95% CI, −4.75 to −0.06; P=0.04), HR at intubation (standard mean difference=−3.39; 95% CI, −5.75 to −1.02; P=0.005), propofol requirement (standard mean difference=−2.25; 95% CI, −4.01 to −0.48; P=0.01), as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.19-0.63; P=0.0005).

Conclusions:

Compared with control intervention, clonidine intervention was found to significantly reduce MAP and HR at pneumoperitoneum and intubation, propofol requirement, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Capture and Purification of Plant Genomic DNA on a Readily-available Cellulose Matrix
Authors: Thompson Megan M. , Hrabak Estelle M.
Published: July 2017

Whatman FTA ®Cards are a fast and efficient method for capturing and storing nucleic acids but are cost-prohibitive for some researchers. We developed a method that substitutes readily-available cellulose-based paper and homemade washing buffer for commercial FTA ®Cards and FTA ®Purification Reagent. This method is suitable for long-term storage of DNA from many plant species, includingArabidopsis thaliana, prior to purification and PCR.

Method Summary

Here we report a low-cost method for long-term storage of plant genomic DNA on a readily available cellulose matrix.
Incomplete inhibition of HIV infection results in more HIV infected lymph node cells by reducing cell death
Authors: Jackson Laurelle , Hunter Jessica , Cele Sandile , Ferreira Isabella Markham , Young Andrew , Karim Farina , Madansein Rajhmun , Dullabh Kaylesh J. , Chen Chih-Yuan , Buckels Noel J. , Ganga Yashica , Khan Khadija , Boullé Mikaël , Lustig Gila , Neher Richard A. , Sigal Alex
Published: July 2017

HIV has been reported to be cytotoxicin vitroand in lymph node infection models. Using a computational approach, we found that partial inhibition of transmission which involves multiple virions per cell could lead to increased numbers of live infected cells if the number of viral DNA copies remains above one after inhibition, as eliminating the surplus viral copies reduces cell death. Using a cell line, we observed increased numbers of live infected cells when infection was partially inhibited with the antiretroviral efavirenz or neutralizing antibody. We then used efavirenz at concentrations reported in lymph nodes to inhibit lymph node infection by partially resistant HIV mutants. We observed more live infected lymph node cells, but with fewer HIV DNA copies per cell, relative to no drug. Hence, counterintuitively, limited attenuation of HIV transmission per cell may increase live infected cell numbers in environments where the force of infection is high.
DUSP1 regulates apoptosis and cell migration, but not the JIP1-protected cytokine response, during Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Sendai Virus infection
Authors: Robitaille Alexa C. , Caron Elise , Zucchini Nicolas , Mukawera Espérance , Adam Damien , Mariani Mélissa K. , Gélinas Anaïs , Fortin Audray , Brochiero Emmanuelle , Grandvaux Nathalie
Published: July 2017

The host antiviral response involves the induction of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, but also the activation of cell death pathways, including apoptosis, to limit viral replication and spreading. This host defense is strictly regulated to eliminate the infection while limiting tissue damage that is associated with virus pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications, most notably phosphorylation, are key regulators of the antiviral defense implying an important role of protein phosphatases. Here, we investigated the role of the dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) in the host defense against human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a pathogenic virus of thePneumoviridaefamily, and Sendai virus (SeV), a model virus being developed as a vector for anti-RSV vaccine. We found that DUSP1 is upregulated before being subjected to proteasomal degradation. DUSP1 does not inhibit the antiviral response, but negatively regulates virus-induced JNK/p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Interaction with the JNK-interacting protein 1 scaffold protein prevents dephosphorylation of JNK by DUSP1, likely explaining that AP-1 activation and downstream cytokine production are protected from DUSP1 inhibition. Importantly, DUSP1 promotes SeV-induced apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in RSV-infected cells. Collectively, our data unveil a previously unrecognized selective role of DUSP1 in the regulation of tissue damage and repair during infections by RSV and SeV.