bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diatomáceas (Bacillariophyceae) de sedimentos superficiais dos reservatórios em cascata do Rio Paranapanema (SP/PR, Brasil): Coscinodiscophyceae e Fragilariophyceae
Authors: Fontana Luciane , Bicudo Denise de C.
Published: April 2013

Foi realizado inventário das diatomáceas pertencentes às classes Coscinodiscophyceae e Fragilariophyceae de sedimentos superficiais dos reservatórios em cascata do Rio Paranapanema. Amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas com draga, em três estações de amostragem de quatro reservatórios localizados nas regiões do alto trecho do rio (represas de Jurumirim e Chavantes) e médio (represas de Salto Grande e Capivara) e, em duas estações, no baixo Paranapanema (Represa de Rosana). Foram identificados 13 táxons infragenéricos, seis e sete respectivamente pertencentes às classes Coscinodiscophyceae e Fragilariophyceae.As espécies Thalassiosira rudis Tremarin et al., Asterionella formosa Hass. var. formosa, Staurosirella martyi (Herib.) Morales & Manoylov, Staurosirella subcapitata (Freng.) Morales e Staurosira cf. acutirostrata Metz. & L.-B. constituem novas citações para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranapanema, sendo este o segundo registro de T. rudis em âmbito mundial.
Composição florística e estrutura do componente arbóreo em um remanescente primário de floresta estacional semidecidual em Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Vale Vagner Santiagodo , Schiavini Ivan , Lopes Sérgio de Faria , Dias Neto Olavo Custódio , Oliveira Ana Paula de , Gusson André Eduardo
Published: April 2013

Florestas estacionais semideciduais (FES) possuem alta heterogeneidade e diversos são os fatores contribuintes na variação estrutural e florística destas florestas. Assim, foi realizado o estudo da composição florística e da estrutura, horizontal e vertical, de uma comunidade arbórea de uma FES. A área se localiza nas coordenadas 18º29'28"S e 48º23'45"W. Demarcou-se um hectare de área, foram amostradas árvores com circunferência a 1,30 m > 15 cm e estimada a altura dos indivíduos. Calcularam-se os parâmetros fitossociológicos (densidade, dominância e freqüência relativas). As parcelas foram categorizadas quanto a porcentagem total de clareiras e as espécies foram classificadas quanto ao estratro vertical ocupado. As análises permitiram a classificação das espécies em grupos sucessionais. Amostraram-se 839 indivíduos e ocorreu predomínio de espécies secundárias tardias principalmente no sub-bosque, com pouca presença de pioneiras. Com base nas análises a floresta da Fazenda da Mata pode ser classificada como uma floresta em estágio primário de conservação.
Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species
Authors: Rossatto Davi Rodrigo
Published: April 2013

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.
Vriesea piscatrix (Bromeliaceae): uma nova epífita da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Versieux Leonardo M. , Wanderley Maria das Graças Lapa
Published: April 2013

Vriesea piscatrix, uma nova espécie relacionada à Vriesea guttata G. Lodd. é descrita e ilustrada. O novo táxon é, até o momento, endêmico da Serra do Cipó, ocorrendo em matas nebulares distribuídas em meio ao campo rupestre.
Seismic strengthening of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames with steel-fibre-reinforced mortar
Authors: Yaman Tugce Sevil , Canbay Erdem
Published: April 2013

In addition to high seismicity, poor construction quality, incorrect detailing and structural mistakes in Turkey have caused enormous loss of life and property. Therefore, seismic rehabilitation has been a major topic for civil engineers in Turkey. The object of this research is to develop a simple method that will provide strengthening of buildings without evacuating the inhabitants. This study is based on application of steel-fibre-reinforced mortar on masonry infill walls with the aim of converting nonstructural partition walls into load-carrying walls. The specimens were one-third scale, two-storey, single-bay reinforced concrete frames with hollow brick masonry infills. The main variables were the ratio of fibre (0% and 2%), fibre reinforced mortar thickness (0, 10 and 20 mm), existence of anchorage (non-anchored or anchored) and type of fibres (steel fibre, polypropylene fibre or hybrid fibre). Strengthening by the application of steel-fibre-reinforced mortar on infill walls of frames retarded the early out of plane failure of the walls and converted the existing non-structural walls into load-carrying walls, so that the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the frame increased significantly.
Analysis of composite steel plate shear walls connected with frame beams only
Authors: Guo Lanhui , Rong Qin , Ma Xinbo , Zhang Sumei
Published: April 2013

A composite steel plate shear wall system consists of a steel plate shear wall with reinforced concrete panels attached to one side or both sides by bolts or connectors. This arrangement restrains the possible occurrence of out-of-plane buckling of thin-walled steel plate, thus significantly increasing the load-carrying capacity and ductility of the overall wall. Experimental studies on composite steel plate shear walls and steel plate shear walls connected with frame beams were carried out. The experimental results illustrated the good ductility and excellent energy dissipation capacity of composite steel plate shear walls. The load-carrying capacity and energy dissipation capacity of steel plate shear walls clearly increased compared with those of steel plate shear walls. Meanwhile, a finite-element model was developed to analyse the behaviour of steel plate shear walls and composite steel plate shear walls, and its accuracy was validated by making comparisons with the experimental results. Based on the finite-element analysis results, a simplified model of steel plate shear walls was proposed, and it is suggested that this can be used in the analysis of shear wall systems in high-rise buildings.
Redesigning composite frames for progressive collapse
Authors: Vidalis Carolos Antonios , Nethercot David A.
Published: April 2013

Explicit evaluation and improvement of a building's robustness require taking into account all the main resistance mechanisms, employing realistic failure criteria and obtaining quantitative results based on a suitable level of structural idealisation. The Imperial College London method has made significant progress towards establishing a soundly based analysis methodology for calculating and comparing the performance of different designs. Recent advances have facilitated the execution of extensive parametric studies that are quick to run and thus able to provide comprehensive results. These advanced tools are employed here to examine the robustness of a simplified version of the Cardington test frame and to compare its performance with that of a bare steel equivalent. Both arrangements fail to provide the necessary resistance, with the bare steel being inherently less robust. The paper introduces a step-by-step methodology to determine the most efficient and practically applicable changes, making it possible to redesign the composite frame in a way that it will be sufficiently robust to cope with any sudden column removal scenario. Comparison of the methodology with simply increasing tying capacity reveals that the latter does not have a direct and proportional effect on the frame's resistance. This leads on to consideration of how tying capacity might be used within a more informed context.
Efficiency factors of recycled concrete bottle-shaped struts
Authors: Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Singh Bhupinder , Mathew Praveen , Bhargava Pradeep
Published: April 2013

Reported test results of reinforced concrete beams made with coarse recycled concrete aggregate have been re-analysed using strut-and-tie models and the efficiency factors of the recycled concrete aggregate concrete bottle-shaped struts compared with those made of natural coarse aggregate. The objective was to ascertain whether strut-and-tie model provisions for efficiency factors of bottle-shaped struts in current design codes and the recent literature, originally meant for natural coarse aggregate concrete, can be conservatively applied to recycled concrete aggregate concrete, or not. The results of the re-analysis indicate that the efficiency factors of the natural coarse aggregate as well as the recycled concrete aggregate concrete bottle-shaped struts were comparable and conservative when benchmarked against the predictions of CSA A23.3-04 and an efficiency factor model proposed by the authors. However, both ACI 318-08 and Eurocode 2 gave unsafe efficiency factor predictions for the recycled concrete aggregate as well as the natural coarse aggregate concrete bottle-shaped struts under investigation. This is attributed to the insensitivity of these two codes to strut inclination with adjoining tie(s) and does not per se indicate any inherent inferiority as far as recycled concrete aggregate concrete is concerned. This investigation indicates that recycled concrete aggregate concrete bottle-shaped struts can be designed using the efficiency factors recommended for natural coarse aggregate concrete bottle-shaped struts in CSA A23.3-04.
Modelling pedestrian crossing behaviour using Bayesian networks
Authors: Bedeley Rudolph T. , Attoh-Okine Nii O. , Lee Earl ‘Rusty'
Published: April 2013

The causes of pedestrian accidents are a major concern to transportation engineers and other road safety professionals. Although studies have aimed at modelling and analysing the causes, they are either too stochastically oriented or excessively macroscopic, and so fail to analyse the interactions between pedestrians and their immediate environment. This study applies a Bayesian network modelling approach to investigate factors influencing pedestrian crossing behaviour in spring and summer using variables known from the literature. The model analyses the problem on three levels: graphical level, information level and quantitative level. The results show that pedestrians often exhibit rational crossing behaviour influenced predominantly by personal motives rather than external factors, even though the roadway environment is not always favourable. A sensitivity analysis revealed that signal timing phase length is the most influential parameter that affects pedestrian crossing behaviour.
Vehicle dynamic interaction with railway track embankment
Authors: Esmaeili M. , Sadeghi J. , Fesharaki M.
Published: April 2013

This paper investigates the response of railway track to train loads while rested on an embankment. For this purpose, track structure was divided into two parts, in one of which the rail was modelled as a continuous Euler–Bernoulli beam and in another sleeper, ballast and embankment were considered as an integrated lumped masses system. To obtain the mass and stiffness of embankment, the ‘ballast pyramid model' was developed and, consequently, the response of the whole track system was investigated. The vehicle was assumed to be a ten-degree-of-freedom lumped masses system. The dynamic equilibrium equations of the vehicle-track coupling system were solved in the time domain and the track response was evaluated against applied dynamic loads. As a part of the study, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken on embankment parameters, namely embankment height, stiffness and damping. The results of numerical modelling and sensitivity analysis reveal that, among the aforementioned parameters, embankment height had a remarkable effect on the track dynamic response.
Construction of the King's Cross northern ticket hall, London, UK
Authors: Worthington Jim , Awinda Kenneth
Published: April 2013

The recent completion of Network Rail's new western concourse at King's Cross station is the culmination of over 12 years of above and below ground station modernisation work that has transformed rail transport links in this part of north London, UK. The new concourse has been constructed directly above London Underground's northern ticket hall, which was the second and last phase of the redevelopment of its King's Cross St Pancras station. The construction of the northern ticket hall was a major undertaking and ultimately provided the support structure for the western concourse. The new ticket hall greatly enhances the overall capacity of the underground station and provides a second means of access to the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines while also incorporating below ground links to both the King's Cross and St Pancras main line stations and to the enlarged Tube ticket hall. This paper describes the overall construction methodology of the main box forming the ticket hall with particular reference to the techniques used for bulk excavation, installation of plunge columns and the use of temporary propping.
Genetic Information and the Prediction of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a High-Risk Multiethnic Population
Authors: Anand Sonia S. , Meyre David , Pare Guillaume , Bailey Swneke D. , Xie Changchun , Zhang Xiaohe , Montpetit Alexandre , Desai Dipika , Bosch Jackie , Mohan Viswanathan , Diaz Rafael , McQueen Matthew J. , Cordell Heather J. , Keavney Bernard , Yusuf Salim , Gaudet Daniel , Gerstein Hertzel , Engert James C. ,   on behalf of the EpiDREAM Genetics Investigators
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE

To determine if 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Europeans are also associated with T2DM in South Asians and Latinos and if they can add to the prediction of incident T2DM in a high-risk population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the EpiDREAM prospective cohort study, physical measures, questionnaires, and blood samples were collected from 25,063 individuals at risk for dysglycemia. Sixteen SNPs that have been robustly associated with T2DM in Europeans were genotyped. Among 15,466 European, South Asian, and Latino subjects, we examined the association of these 16 SNPs alone and combined in a gene score with incident cases of T2DM (n = 1,016) that developed during 3.3 years of follow-up.

RESULTS

Nine of the 16 SNPs were significantly associated with T2DM, and their direction of effect was consistent across the three ethnic groups. The gene score was significantly higher among subjects who developed incident T2DM (cases vs. noncases: 16.47 [2.50] vs. 15.99 [2.56]; P = 0.00001). The gene score remained an independent predictor of incident T2DM, with an odds ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.11) per additional risk allele after adjustment for T2DM risk factors. The gene score in those with no family history of T2DM was 16.02, whereas it was 16.19 in those with one parent with T2DM and it was 16.32 in those with two parents with T2DM (P trend = 0.0004). The C statistic of T2DM risk factors was 0.708 (0.691–0.725) and increased only marginally to 0.714 (0.698–0.731) with the addition of the gene score (P for C statistic change = 0.0052).

CONCLUSIONS

T2DM genetic associations are generally consistent across ethnic groups, and a gene score only adds marginal information to clinical factors for T2DM prediction.
Secular Changes in U.S. Prediabetes Prevalence Defined by Hemoglobin A1c and Fasting Plasma Glucose
Authors: Bullard Kai McKeever , Saydah Sharon H. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Cowie Catherine C. , Gregg Edward W. , Geiss Linda S. , Cheng Yiling J. , Rolka Deborah B. , Williams Desmond E. , Caspersen Carl J.
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE

Using a nationally representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population, we estimated prediabetes prevalence and its changes during 1999–2010.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were from 19,182 nonpregnant individuals aged ≥12 years who participated in the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We defined prediabetes as hemoglobin A1c (A1C) 5.7 to <6.5% (39 to <48 mmol/mol, A1C5.7) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100 to <126 mg/dL (impaired fasting glucose [IFG]). We estimated the prevalence of prediabetes, A1C5.7, and IFG for 1999–2002, 2003–2006, and 2007–2010. We calculated estimates age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. census population and used logistic regression to compute estimates adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty-to-income ratio, and BMI. Participants with self-reported diabetes, A1C ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol), or FPG ≥126 mg/dL were included.

RESULTS

Among those aged ≥12 years, age-adjusted prediabetes prevalence increased from 27.4% (95% CI 25.1–29.7) in 1999–2002 to 34.1% (32.5–35.8) in 2007–2010. Among adults aged ≥18 years, the prevalence increased from 29.2% (26.8–31.8) to 36.2% (34.5–38.0). As single measures among individuals aged ≥12 years, A1C5.7 prevalence increased from 9.5% (8.4–10.8) to 17.8% (16.6–19.0), a relative increase of 87%, whereas IFG remained stable. These prevalence changes were similar among the total population, across subgroups, and after controlling for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS

During 1999–2010, U.S. prediabetes prevalence increased because of increases in A1C5.7. Continuous monitoring of prediabetes is needed to identify, quantify, and characterize the population of high-risk individuals targeted for ongoing diabetes primary prevention efforts.
A Decade of Professional Development Research for Inclusive Education
Authors: Waitoller Federico R. , Artiles Alfredo J.
Published: April 2013

We reviewed the research on professional development (PD) for inclusive education between 2000 and 2009 to answer three questions: (a) How is inclusive education defined in PD research? (b) How is PD for inclusive education studied? (c) How is teacher learning examined in PD research for inclusive education? Systematic procedures were used to identify relevant research and analyze the target studies. We found that most PD research for inclusive education utilized a unitary approach toward difference and exclusion and that teacher learning for inclusive education is undertheorized. We recommend using an intersectional approach to understand difference and exclusion and examining boundary practices to examine teacher learning for inclusive education.
A Review of School Climate Research
Authors: Thapa Amrit , Cohen Jonathan , Guffey Shawn , Higgins-D’Alessandro Ann
Published: April 2013

For more than a century, there has been a growing interest in school climate. Recently, the U.S. Department of Education, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute for Educational Sciences, a growing number of State Departments of Education, foreign educational ministries, and UNICEF have focused on school climate reform as an evidence-based school improvement strategy that supports students, parents/guardians, and school personnel learning and working together to create ever safer, more supportive and engaging K–12 schools. This work presents an integrative review on school climate research. The 206 citations used in this review include experimental studies, correlational studies, literature reviews, and other descriptive studies. The review focuses on five essential dimensions of school climate: Safety, Relationships, Teaching and Learning, Institutional Environment, and the School Improvement Process. We conclude with a critique of the field and a series of recommendations for school climate researchers and policymakers.
Whom Else: Gendered Consciousness and Wholeness in Krapp's Last Tape and Rockaby
Authors: Malina Debra
Published: April 2013

Being one's "own other," being "these women," "experiencing another's needs or feelings as one 's own" — all describe a merging of the Self with the Other. Not coincidentally, the self undertaking all three unions is female. Samuel Beckett's "subject" has been described as consciousness ("the malignant disease called consciousness . ... a rather solipsistic consciousness"), the human condition. But it seems increasingly clear to psychologists lhat consciousness and "selfhood" are not experienced the same way by women as by men, that the human condition is gendered.
"How Sweet the Kill": Orgiastic Female Violence in Contemporary Re-visions of Euripides' The Bacchae
Authors: Hersh Allison
Published: April 2013

In her essay, "When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision," Adrienne Rich defines "re-vision" as "the act of looking back, of seeing with fresh eyes, of entering an old text from a new critical direction." It is precisely the significance of the female author "entering an old text from a new critical direction" which seems central to the feminist re-visionary project, as the need to come to terms with "old texts" is a vital part of creating new ones. Indeed, confronting the extent to which textuality has historically been determined by patriarchal conventions clears a space for the representation of the diversity of female experience, enabling women to invoke the classical injunction to "know thyself," not through the distorting lens of male fantasies but rather through the lived experiences and the generative imagination of women authors. As Rich explains, "We need to know the writing of the past, and know it differently than we have ever known it; not to pass on a tradition but to break its hold over us." And perhaps nowhere is this attempt to "break [tradition's] hold" through the power of re-vision more salient, more intriguing or more chilling than in contemporary feminist re-visions of Euripides' The Bacchae.
Feminist Nationalism in Scotland: Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off
Authors: Koren-Deutsch Ilona
Published: April 2013

The folk memory surrounding Mary, Queen of Scots is so powerful in Scotland that probably everyone there knows the story in some form. For that reason, when Gerry Mulgrew, the artistic director of the Edinburgh-based Communicado Theatre Company, contacted Scottish playwright Liz Lochhead about writing a new play, she suggested one to commemorate the four-hundredth anniversary, in 1987, of Mary's execution. Mulgrew liked Lochhead's idea for a play about Mary Stuart because it suited both Communicado's Scottish orientation and Brechtian techniques. Lochhead herself was drawn to the project for two main reasons: she finds it easy to care about characters from history in general and both Mary and Elizabeth I of England are the sort of "larger than life" women characters that she finds particularly appealing. Her version of the Mary Stuart story, Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off, premiered at the 1987 Edinburgh Festival, where it won an Edinburgh Festival Fringe First.
Bus Stop: American Eye vs. Small-Town Ear
Authors: Meyer William
Published: April 2013

Bus Stop — both the play and the movie — is an attempt to dramatize what is pre-eminently undramatic, viz., the evolution of small-town hyperverbality into American hypervisuality. This shift in sensibility or revolution in "taste" is an extremely difficult phenomenon to depict — the playwright, William Inge, here choosing to employ the more demonstrable theme of love/sexuality in order to express or encompass this New-World evolution. Indeed, so vital but protean and mercurial is this problem of the shift from ear to eye, from traditional authority to self-reliance, that such well-known anthologists of American culture as Blair, Stewart, Hornberger and Miller, in their The Literature of the United States, have missed the contribution of Inge altogether and have dismissed his work as "popular" and "lacking depth.'" Yet, Bus Stop remains a profound portrait of the Emersonian/American "transparent eyeball" in transit — the superseding of "small-town" values for Ishmael's passion "to see the world" or the Stevensesque ephebe's command to rise above any municipality in order to "see the sun again with an ignorant eye." All the characters of Bus Stop - from Bo to Grace — are confronted with this American hypervisual rite de passage, no matter whether they are "lucky" or "unlucky" in love.
Caged Birds: Bad Faith in Tennessee Williams's Drama
Authors: Colanzi Rita
Published: April 2013

In The Saturday Review of Literature, 6 March 1948, Tennessee Williams listed among his current reading the works of two existentialists: Albert Camus's The Stranger, Caligula, and Cross Purpose, and Jean-Paul Sartre's No Exit and The Flies. Reminiscing in his Memoirs about his 1948 stay in Paris, he expressed a particular admiration for Sartre: "I was most interested in meeting Jean-Paul Sartre, whose existential philosophy appealed to me strongly, as did his play Huit [sic] Clos." Despite Williams's admitted affinity for Sartrean existentialism, his work has never been read within the context of Sartre's philosophy. A Streetcar Named Desire has been examined in relation to the philosophies of Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. But, as a rule, critics draw parallels between Williams and the existenti alists without positioning the playwright within anyone school of existentialist thought, or they discuss his existentialism in generalized terms. Gerald Weales's commentary, which represents the latter approach, suggests that Williams's drama is existentialist in the way that much of modem drama is perceived as such, namely in its presentation of humanity as alienated beings trapped in a meaningless universe: “it is the universe that has been implicit in all his work, one in which man is a stranger. ... There is no escape in a universe where there is no God and where the other inhabitants are as dangerous as one's own self." To facilitate our understanding of Williams's specific brand of existentialism, as it converges with and diverges from Sartre's, we will examine in relation to Williams's drama one of the central tenets of Sartrean existentialism: bad faith.
Exiled from Alienation: Brechtian Aesthetics, the Death of the Director, and Peter Brook's The Mahabharata
Authors: harding James Martin
Published: April 2013

Certain to be counted among the many flashpoints in the cultural wars of the late 1980s, Peter Brook's The Mahabharata occupies a unique and ultimately illuminating position in the history of theatre and perfonnance criticism. Stained by the lingering residues of its producer's gross and well-documented cultural insensitivities, Brook's The Mahabharata became a kind of pariah shortly after its premier. That stain marks the history of the piece's reception and has resulted either in a consistent blurring of the production with its producer or in an implicit call to boycott the production as a way to hold Brook accountable for his indefensible behavior while in India researching his production. In either case, scholars have been unable or unwilling to move beyond considerations that are based on an equation of Brook's production with Peter Brook the person. While from a political standpoint such equations may initially be understandable, from a theoretical perspective they not only have been problematic from the very stat but also have inadvertently elided profoundly significant political ramifications in Brook's The Mahabharata, ramifications that become visible only if we make a clear break between Brook and his production.
The (Un)Settled Space of Richard Maxwell's House
Authors: Wessendore Markus
Published: April 2013

Few theatre artists since the mid-1990s have caused the stir in Manhattan's downtown theatre scene that Richard Maxwell has. The theatre productions of the thirty-four-year-old playwright, director, and composer have received a critical response that can best be compared to the initial reception of a former American theatre avant-garde. Recalling the reviews of early performances by Jack Smith, Richard Foreman, and Robert Wilson in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Maxwell's productions have either been attacked or praised for their anti-theatricality - or what critics have called their "flattened acting style", "theatricality in the mundane”, or "school of inexpressiveness". Nonetheless, there can be little doubt that Maxwell is one of the most innovative theatre artists of his generation. His unique vision has been recognized both nationally and internationally: for his play House, which premiered in New York in June 1998, Maxwell was awarded a Village Voice OBIE the following year; his work has also won critical acclaim in Europe, where House (and the subsequent productions Showy Lady Slipper and Caveman) recently toured major theatre festivals. House will also feature prominently in the following pages, which examine the place of domesticity in Max well's theatre.
Howard Barker: Polemic Theory and Dramatic Practice. Nietzsche, Metatheatre, and the Play The Europeans
Authors: Barnett David
Published: April 2013

It is surprising to find how little has been written by scholars on the prolific dramatist Howard Barker, and this situation may reflect the theatre's general failure to engage practically with his work. In many ways, Barker is a lone voice on the British scene — his theatre makes demands on both actor and audience because of its anti-psychological, non-linear, and morally unstable dramaturgies. A main point of contact for those interested in Barker but unable to see a performance live can, of course, be found in print. In addition to the many plays that have been published, a volume of essays and dialogues first appeared in 1989; Arguments for a Theatre is now in its third edition, and some of its essays are included in recent anthologies of dramatic theory.
Irreconcilable Differences: Divorce and Women's Drama before 1945
Authors: Cameron Rebecca
Published: April 2013

Modern British drama, influenced by Ibsen and the feminist movement, is replete with criticisms of the institution of marriage — re-evaluations of traditional gender roles, condemnations of the sexual double standard, and critiques of the various social, economic, and psychological inequalities arising from the marriage contract. British dramatists nevertheless resisted ending their plays with the parting of husband and wife, despite the impact of Ibsen 's A Doll House through the first half of the twentieth century. Divorce seldom received serious treatment on stage, although the issue attracted lively sociopolitical debate during this period. After World War I, mainstream theatre and film began to exploit the comic potential of the subject, but few dramatists ventured to represent divorce as a serious alternative to reconciliation. Two little-known plays, however, both written by women and produced in London between the wars, take up the issue in all its complexity: Clemence Dane's A Bill of Divorcement (1921) and Elizabeth Baker's Penelope Forgives (1930). These bold and provocative treatments of divorce remain quite distinct from those of more prominent male dramatists of the period, such as Shaw and Coward, as well as from mainstream farce and film. Like many women playwrights of the period, Dane and Baker engage directly with political and intellectual debates of their day, and they are best understood within that context. Both write from feminist perspectives, but they take different approaches to the divorce question as it was conceived in their time, Dane emphasizing eugenics, and Baker, class and economics. However, their plays are of interest not on)y for their response to the immediate political situation but also for their departure from the conventional comic — romantic structure shaping so many representations of marriage and even divorce in British drama before World War II.
Le Thrène de Cassandre (Agamemnon, 1322-1330)
Authors: Bollack Jean
Published: April 2013

Les difficultés qu'ont soulevées les dernières paroles de Cassandre disparaissent quand on voit que la prophétesse analyse la signification de la violence qu'elle va subir, du point de vue de sa condition servile. Elle dit (vers 1322-1326) que sa mort lui permet de s'acquitter de la dette contractée à l'égard des meurtriers de son ravisseur, mais le prix qu'elle paye est réduit à rien quand on considère que c'est une simple esclave qui leur est livrée. Il n'est pas question de la vengeance que doit accomplir Oreste. Les vers suivants (1327-1330) distinguent de la vicissitude habituelle du sort le malheur dénué de sens qui frappe un être déjà annihilé par sa condition. Cassandre en appelle au témoignage du soleil pour que son destin soit arraché au néant.
Phthia, mère de Philippe V : examen critique des sources
Authors: Le Bohec Sylvie
Published: April 2013

L'étude des documents épigraphiques et des sources littéraires les plus fiables (Polybe, Trogue-Pompée-Justin, Plutarque) permet d'affirmer que le roi de Macédoine Antigone Dôsôn (229-221) a eu successivement deux épouses. La première était Phthia, la mère de son pupille, veuve de Démétrios II ; Dôsôn la prit pour femme au début de son règne mais elle dut mourir peu de temps après ; la seconde fut Chryséis qui accepta de ne pas élever ses propres enfants et veilla à l'éducation du jeune Philippe.
À propos des enfants et d'un ami de Plutarque : essai de solution pour deux énigmes
Authors: Babut Daniel
Published: April 2013

Les deux textes de la Consolation à son épouse dans lesquels Plutarque parle de ses enfants (608 C 4-10, 609 D 2-5) prouvent que les seuls enfants nés de son mariage ont été les quatre garçons et la fillette mentionnés dans la lettre. L'aîné de ces enfants était certainement Soclaros, mort entre 82 et la date de la Consolation, et qui devait son nom à L. Mestrios Soclaros de Chéronée, ami intime de Plutarque, distinct de T. Flavios Soclaros de Tithorée, mis en scène dans le Dialogue sur l'amour Les γαμβροί dont il est question dans les Propos de table ne sont donc pas les « gendres » de Plutarque, et la θυγατριδῆ de la Consolation, 608 Β 3-4, est vraisemblablement sa belle-fille, femme d'Autoboulos.
Les Bucoliques de Théocrite : Structure et composition du Recueil
Authors: Ancher Gilbert P.
Published: April 2013

Un examen attentif des correspondances numériques relevées par J. Irigoin entre les nombres de vers des dix idylles « bucoliques » de Theocrite permet de cerner la méthode probable de construction de la série qu'elles représentent et de reconstituer l'ordre de succession des poèmes dans le recueil primitif. L'influence des recherches musicales de l'école d'Archytas paraît certaine, et aucune des notions mathématiques requises n'est postérieure à Euclide. Si l'on ajoute que l'architecture numérique présente deux niveaux reliés par de subtiles correspondances, on est amené à penser que l'auteur de la construction n'était autre que Theocrite lui-même. La tradition du texte a donc été fidèle, au moins en ce qui concerne le nombre de vers des poèmes et de leurs chants intérieurs.
Le Paralogisme du Bain (Aristote, Poétique, 1460a 18-26)
Authors: Vuillemin Jules
Published: April 2013

Commentaire au passage de la Poétique d'Aristote (1460 a 18-26) qui donne comme exemple de paralogisme l'épisode du Bain dans l'Odyssée. Plutôt que le chant XX, c'est le chant XIX du poème qui se trouve là visé.
Quelques nouvelles perspectives dans l'étude de Théocrite
Authors: Meillier Claude
Published: April 2013

D'après la reconstitution du recueil des Bucoliques (J. Irigoin, Q.U.C.C., 19, 1975, pp. 27-44, et J. P. Ancher, R.E.G., XCIV, 1981, pp. 295-314), il faut garder le texte de l'idylle VIII, dans l'ordre des vers des manuscrits sans supposer aucune lacune, et lire άεισα dans l'idylle IX, 29. — Le recueil comprend certainement quatre allusions à Callimaque : idylles III, VII, V, VIII, notamment à travers les personnages de Lykidas et de Lakon. Callimaque a répliqué à Theocrite dans ses épigrammes 46 et 52. Mais les deux poètes suivaient les mêmes principes esthétiques comme en témoigne l'épigramme d'Antipater de Thessalonique (A.P. XI, 20 = Gow, 185 sqq.), à ajouter aux testimonia du Callimachus II de Pfeiffer.
Une épigramme satirique d'Automédon et Athènes au début de l'Empire (Anth. Pal. XI-319)
Authors: Robert Louis
Published: April 2013

Commentaire de l'épigramme AP XI 319.
Sens et Étymologie de Ἀλέα (I et II) et de Ἀλκή
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: April 2013

De l'analyse sémantique des passages où ἀλέα (ἀλέη) et les termes apparentés sont employés dans la littérature grecque du VIIIe siècle au Ve siècle avant J.-C, il ressort que la distinction traditionnelle faite entre les deux homonymes ἀλέα Ι «chaleur » et ἀλέα II «action ou moyen d'écarter» rattachés à deux racines différentes ne se justifie pas. Le sens d'ἀλέα « chaleur » est dérivé du sens fondamental « action ou moyen d'écarter », par l'intermédiaire des contextes d'hiver où ἀλέη désignait primitivement « action ou moyen d'écarter » (le froid). L'analyse sémantique débouche sur une nouvelle hypothèse pour l'étymologie d'ἀλέη / ἀλέομαι que l'on rapproche α'ἀλκή / ἀλέξω : même racine * ∂₂el- sufïixée soit en -w- soit en -/k-.
Une épigramme funéraire de Cyrène
Authors: Dobias-Lalou Catherine
Published: April 2013

Stèle inédite de Cyrène, portant l'épitaphe en prose, puis en vers, d'une femme de 45 ans morte le 16 décembre 251, date exprimée doublement comme an 282 (de l'ère d'Actium) et an 1 de Trébonien Galle (martelé). Considérations sur la coexistence des deux systèmes en Cyrénaïque ; autres exemples de martelage de cet empereur. L'épigramme (6 hexamètres+1 pentamère) rappelle les qualités de caractère et de naissance de cette célibataire, cultivée et femme d'intérieur, enterrée par des parents qui dissimulent leur peine. Aperçu de la production épigrammatique de Cyrénaïque aux IIe et IIIe s. de n. è.
L'Église d'Antioche et le Sanctuaire de Zeus à Lystres en l'Année 45
Authors: Delebecque Édouard
Published: April 2013

Le fait que Luc écrit un bon grec permet de déterminer le sens exact, dans les Actes des Apôtres, de l'expression composée de l'article suivi du participe du verbe «être », lui-même suivi d'un substantif, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de ce qui constituait l'Église, à peine née, d'Antioche ; il en va de même pour ce qui était le Zeus devant la ville de Lystres (Actes 13, 1 et Actes 14, 13 selon le codex Bezae).
Verbes de sonorité à vocalisme expressif en grec ancien
Authors: Perpillou Jean-Louis
Published: April 2013

Platon dit explicitement que « i est petit, a est grand, ο est gros ». Cette classification expressive des timbres proposée dans le Cratyle se vérifie dans un grand nombre de verbes de sonorité de l'attique où l'on constate en outre la constitution de verbes reposant sur des séries privilégiées de voyelles, τινθυρίζω/ τονθορύζω, τιτίζω/ότοτύζω, πιππίζω/ποππύζω, κιχλίζω/καχλάζω, etc., les timbres o et i se faisant significatifs d'une opposition de registre entre cris et chuchotements, tandis qu'éclatent les fracas de la voyelle orale a.
Une inscription d'Athènes et Aristote
Authors: Triantaphyllopoulos Jean
Published: April 2013

Commentaire d'un passage de IG, II², 1357 a.
Charos et l'Histoire dans les chansons populaires grecques
Authors: Saunier Guy
Published: April 2013

Partant de la construction préalable d'une évolution de la conception populaire du mal contemporaine de l'oppression étrangère, l'étude recherche dans l'image du personnage de Charos des traces de réalités historiques durables.

Elle retient : a) le motif de la tente, objet militaire, lié au geste de la saisie par les cheveux, qui devient un signe d'iniquité ; b) la représentation permanente de Charos sous les traits d'un pillard, pirate ou envahisseur ; c) l'image du cortège des morts, ressenti à époque récente comme un cortège de prisonniers.

L'action de Charos est presque constamment définie comme une surenchère sur celle des oppresseurs mais on assiste pourtant à une imbrication progressive des deux univers : mort et oppression.
Violences en milieu scolaire et banalisation du langage
Authors: Durif-Varembont Jean-Pierre , Mercader Patricia , Durif-Varembont Christiane
Published: April 2013

Les manifestations des souffrances psychiques adolescentes à l’école prennent souvent la forme de violences verbales, la plupart banalisées par les jeunes et décriées par les professionnels. À partir d’une recherche menée auprès de chefs d’établissements cet article interroge la fonction défensive de cette banalisation à la fois comme mise à distance de la force du pulsionnel, expression d’une préoccupation narcissique et traitement psychique de l’effraction pubertaire et de la question identitaire. Les dispositifs d’atelier à médiation sont présentés comme occasion de traiter autrement ces questions, sur un mode plus ouvert à soi et aux autres.
Investir et grandir : des rituels pour étayer le « je »
Authors: Hatchuel Françoise
Published: April 2013

À partir d’une définition du « faire grandir » comme modalité de soutien de la capacité à investir, l’article montre, à l’articulation de l’anthropologie et de la psychanalyse, en quoi les rituels traditionnels de passage à l’âge adulte peuvent étayer la constitution du « Je » et comment, lorsque le monde extérieur peine à fournir des certitudes symboliques, des espaces d’élaboration deviennent nécessaires pour assurer cette fonction.
Contribution des rites à la suppléance familiale
Authors: Raveneau Gilles
Published: April 2013

Partant d’une recherche ethnographique dans deux Maisons d’enfants à caractère social (MECS), cet article interroge la manière dont le rite et la ritualisation peuvent contribuer à la suppléance familiale. On examine les conditions favorables à l’apparition et à l’utilisation des rites et l’on observe comment ils peuvent être des outils possibles d’inclusion et de participation sociale, associés à la production d’une culture morale et éducative. On fait l’hypothèse que la psychologisation « sauvage » des problèmes par les professionnels et le recours quasi exclusif aux psychologues cliniciens comme régulateur des difficultés dans ces institutions tendent à sous-évaluer l’intérêt et l’efficacité des rituels, au profit de la seule « clinique de la parole ».
L'adolescence à l'épreuve de la neurobiologie ?
Authors: Georgieff Nicolas
Published: April 2013

L’éclairage « cérébral » de l’adolescence permet de montrer que se joue à cette période un processus complexe d’interaction entre l’environnement et l’organisation cérébrale capable de remodeler celle-ci en fonction de nouvelles contraintes, tant extrinsèques qu’intrinsèques. Social, psychologique et biologique interagissent, le cerveau prenant en quelque sorte l’empreinte à la fois des changements du monde extérieur et des contraintes psychologiques propres au processus adolescent lui-même. L’adolescence illustrerait ainsi, de manière presque caricaturale, un mécanisme adaptatif continu, qui pourrait nous aider à penser d’autres périodes majeures de changement durant la vie.
Sigmund Freud/Eduard Silberstein : une amitié passionnelle et consanguine
Authors: Houssier Florian
Published: April 2013

E. Silberstein est l’ami d’adolescence qui a marqué la vie de Freud, à partir des treize ans de ce dernier. Entre 1871 et 1881, la riche correspondance entre eux, fondée essentiellement sur les lettres de Freud, fait ressortir un portrait du jeune Freud ; contrairement à l’idée « officielle » d’une adolescence sans histoire, nous soutenons que cette relation a été marquée par des conflits sexuels intenses et une amitié passionnelle qui s’achèvera, comme bien d’autres amitiés masculines ultérieures, par une rupture du lien.
Mots express Montreuil – Tcheliabinsk
Authors: Makerova Anna
Published: April 2013

À partir d’une enquête sociolinguistique auprès de jeunes montreuillois et ouraliens, fréquentant les studios de rap d’Île-de-France et de Tcheliabinsk (Russie), l’auteur met en évidence le fait que leurs pratiques langagières constituent des pratiques d’action. Celles-ci seraient liées au besoin de dénonciation et d’expression des mots ou maux vécus.
La formation des enseignants dans l'enseignement catholique avant la création des IUFM
Authors: Poucet Bruno
Published: April 2013

Entre 1950 et 1970, les établissements de l’enseignement catholique en France tentent d’inventer un système de formation initial de leurs enseignants. Ce système se veut intégral, à savoir qu’il ne sépare pas instruction et éducation, dimension spirituelle et contenu de connaissances. À la différence de l’enseignement public qui a mis en place un système de formation consécutif, dans les établissements privés, le modèle est simultané : formation intellectuelle et formation pédagogique se pratiquent dans un même mouvement. Toutefois, il faut distinguer le niveau primaire du niveau secondaire – dans le premier cas, la formation s’apparente à un engagement religieux, dans le second à l’exercice d’une profession libérale. Bien entendu, un tel système suppose que le public qui fréquente ces institutions partage les mêmes convictions que les enseignants. À partir des années 1950, c’est moins le cas. Une véritable professionnalisation de la formation se met alors en place qui sera profondément bouleversée par le vote de la loi Debré : elle entend en effet transférer aux établissements privés les pratiques de l’enseignement public. Or, ceux-ci résisteront : les véritables transformations se produiront en 1991, lors de la création des IUFM qui met à mal le modèle de formation intégrale pratiqué jusqu’à présent et qui tente de résister en s’accommodant plus ou moins aux nouvelles conditions négociées.
Les grandes entreprises et les instances étatiques de lutte contre la fraude sociale : le jeu du chat et de la souris
Authors: Nagels Carla
Published: April 2013

Cet article veut comprendre comment les grandes entreprises échappent à la pénalisation de la prise en charge étatique de la « fraude sociale » pourtant constatée quand elle est le fait d’acteurs économiques moins puissants. À travers des entretiens menés avec des acteurs judiciaires, administratifs et des avocats d’affaires, sont analysées les pratiques transgressives elles-mêmes et les représentations véhiculées à leur encontre ; les processus d’interaction entre les différents acteurs afin d’expliciter comment, dès lors qu’une pratique transgressive a été constatée par les agences de contrôle, elle devient l’enjeu de négociations et d’instrumentalisations multiples ; les rationalisations à l’œuvre qui visent à « justifier » l’absence du contentieux « grandes entreprises » au niveau pénal.
Pin1–FADD Interactions Regulate Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in Activated Eosinophils
Authors: Oh Jiyoung , Malter James S.
Published: April 2013

Abnormally long-lived eosinophils (Eos) are the major inflammatory component of allergic responses in the lungs of active asthmatics. Eos recruited to the airways after allergen exposure produce and respond to IL-5 and GM-CSF, enhancing their survival. Prosurvival signaling activates Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase that binds to Bax and prevents its activation. How long-lived Eos, despite the continued presence of GM-CSF or IL-5, eventually undergo apoptosis to end allergic inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we show that Pin1 location, activity, and protein interactions are jointly influenced by Fas and the prosurvival cytokine IL-5. Fas signaling strongly induced the phosphorylation of FADD at Ser194 and Pin1 at Ser16, as well as their nuclear accumulation. Phospho-mimic Ser194Glu FADD mutants accelerated Eos apoptosis compared with wild-type or Ser194Ala mutants. Downstream of FADD phosphorylation, caspase 8, 9, and 3 cleavage, as well as Eos apoptosis induced by Fas, were reduced by constitutively active Pin1 and enhanced by Pin1 inhibition. Pin1 was activated by IL-5, whereas simultaneous IL-5 and anti-Fas treatment modestly reduced peptidyl isomerase activity but induced Pin1 to associate with FADD after its phosphorylation at Ser194. Mechanistically, Pin1-mediated isomerization facilitated the subsequent dephosphorylation of Ser194 FADD and maintenance of cytoplasmic location. In vivo–activated bronchoalveolar Eos obtained after allergen challenge showed elevated survival and Pin1 activity that could be reversed by anti-Fas. Therefore, our data suggest that Pin1 is a critical link between FADD-mediated cell death and IL-5–mediated prosurvival signaling.