bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in Ganymede's Wake Region From Juno
Authors: Joseph J. , Kurth W. S. , Sulaiman A. H. , Connerney J. E. P. , Allegrini F. , Duling S. , Clark G. , Faden J. B. , Piker C. W. , Jaynes A. N. , Mauk B. H. , Bolton S. J.
Published: November 2024

Magnetic reconnection has been commonly reported between the solar wind IMF and the magnetic field of Earth and other planets. A similar phenomenon is expected between Jupiter's magnetosphere and Ganymede's mini magnetosphere inside the Jovian magnetosphere. This article is the first report of a reconnection event in the tail region of Ganymede. We present compelling evidence that Juno flew in close proximity to an X‐line, that was not within the tail current sheet, but rather in the turbulent wake area of Ganymede. We report the observation of distinctive electron Bernstein mode waves with unique characteristics particular to a separatrix region of the reconnection site. We detect a clear reversal of a magnetic field component. Electron densities and pitch angle distributions also indicate that Juno possibly traversed the inflow, and outflow region surrounding the separatrix region. Finally, from the time sequence of the observations by the different instruments on Juno, we reconstruct a likely trajectory of Juno around the reconnection site.
Climate and Ecosystem Factors Mediate Soil Freeze‐Thaw Cycles at the Continental Scale
Authors: Rooney Erin C. , Possinger Angela R.
Published: November 2024

Freeze‐thaw cycles (FTC) alter soil function through changes to physical organization of the soil matrix and biogeochemical processes. Understanding how dynamic climate and soil properties influence FTC may enable better prediction of ecosystem response to changing climate patterns. In this study, we quantified FTC occurrence and frequency across 40 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites. We used site mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) to define warm and wet, warm and dry, and cold and dry climate groupings. Site and soil properties, including MAT, MAP, maximum‐minimum temperature difference, aridity index, precipitation as snow (PAS), and organic mat thickness, were used to characterize climate groups and investigate relationships between site properties and FTC occurrence and frequency. Ecosystem‐specific drivers of FTC provided insight into potential changes to FTC dynamics with climate warming. Warm and dry sites had the most FTC, driven by rapid diurnal FTC close to the soil surface in winter. Cold and dry sites were characterized by fewer, but longer‐duration FTC, which mainly occurred in spring and increased in number with higher organic mat thickness (Spearman's ⍴ = 0.97, p < 0.01). The influence of PAS and MAT on the occurrence of FTC depended on climate group (binomial model interaction p (χ2) < 0.05), highlighting the role of a persistent snowpack in buffering soil temperature fluctuations. Integrating ecosystem type and season‐specific FTC patterns identified here into predictive models may increase predictive accuracy for dynamic system response to climate change.
Navigating Greenhouse Gas Emission Unknowns: A Hydroacoustic Examination of Mediterranean Climate Reservoirs
Authors: Thirkill R. H. , Ramón Cintia L. , Oldroyd Holly J. , Seelos Mark , Rueda Francisco J. , Forrest Alexander L.
Published: November 2024

Inland aquatic systems, such as reservoirs, contribute substantially to global methane (CH4) emissions; yet they are among the most uncertain contributors to the total global carbon budget. Reservoirs generate significant amounts of CH4 within their bottom sediment, where the gas is stored and can easily escape via ebullition. Due to the large spatial and temporal variability associated with ebullition, CH4 fluxes from these aquatic systems are challenging to quantify. To address these uncertainties, six different water storage reservoirs, with average flux rates ranging between 20 and 678 mg CH4 m−2 d−1, were hydro‐acoustically surveyed using a previously established technique to investigate the spatial variability of free gas stored at the sediment surface that could be released as bubbles. Sediment samples and vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen were also collected to understand their respective influences on sediment gas formation. We found that the established relation used to determine sediment gas storage via the sonar technique, which relied solely on acoustic backscatter (Svmax), tended to underestimate gas storage in shallower, siltier sediment zones and overestimate gas storage in coarser (>2 mm) sediment zones. In response, we introduce an improved model, incorporating gas and sediment type as correction factors for gas attenuation effects on Svmax values. The extended model is able to elucidate patterns within the gas volume data, revealing clearer trends across different sediment types. This research provides valuable data and methodological insights that can enhance the accuracy of greenhouse gas modeling and budget assessments for reservoirs.
Resolving Heterogeneity in CO2 Uptake Potential in the Greenland Coastal Ocean
Authors: Henson Henry C. , Sejr Mikael , Meire Lorenz , Sørensen Lise Lotte , Winding Mie H. S. , Holding Johnna M.
Published: November 2024

The oceans play a pivotal role in mitigating climate change by sequestering approximately 25% of annually emitted carbon dioxide (CO2). High‐latitude oceans, especially the Arctic continental shelves, emerge as crucial CO2 sinks due to their cold, low saline, and highly productive ecosystems. However, these heterogeneous regions remain inadequately understood, hindering accurate assessments of their carbon dynamics. This study investigates variation in pCO2 levels during peak ice sheet melt, in the Greenland coastal ocean and estimates rates of air‐sea exchange across 6° of latitude. The East and West coast of Greenland displayed distinct regions with unique controlling factors. Though, both coasts represent CO2 sinks in summer. Geographical variation in pCO2 and air‐sea exchange was linked intricately to freshwater export from the Greenland ice sheet and levels of primary production in these ecosystems. Air‐sea exchange of CO2 ranged from 0.23 to −64 mmol m−2 day−1. However, we found that flux estimation faces substantial uncertainties (up to 672%) due to wind product averaging and gas exchange formula selection. Upscaling only heightens this uncertainty leading to wide ranging estimates of Greenland coastal CO2 uptake between −16 and −26 Tg C year−1 (This study, Dai et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev‐earth‐032320‐090746; Laruelle et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gb004832). Obtaining a reliable assessment of air‐sea CO2 exchange necessitates data collection across seasons, and, even more so, refinement of the gas transfer velocity estimations in the Arctic coastal zone.
Oncogenic RTKs sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis via c-Myc mediated upregulation of ACSL4
Authors: Sun Na , Wang Jiawa , Qin Jianhua , Ma Shuang , Luan Jing , Hou Guoyuan , Zhang Wei , Gao Minghui
Published: November 2024

Alteration or abnormal activation of RTKs have been recurrently observed and recognized as an important driving factor in the progression of many human cancers. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis triggered by the accumulation of lethal lipid peroxides on cell membranes, has been implicated in various tumor types. Here we reported that oncogenic RTKs/RAS/RAF/c-Myc axis promotes cancer cells to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, c-Myc binds to the promoter region of ACSL4 and promotes the expression of ACSL4, thereby sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. We further showed that RTKs/RAS/RAF promote ferroptosis by upregulating c-Myc mediated expression of ACSL4 in cancer cells. Notably, overexpression of RTKs enhances the vulnerability of melanoma to the ferroptosis inducer in mouse xenograft model. These findings may provide an attractive intervention strategy to target cancers with oncogenic activation of RTKs via a ferroptosis-inducing approach.
Open architecture of archaea MCM and dsDNA complexes resolved using monodispersed streptavidin affinity CryoEM
Authors: Ma Jianbing , Yi Gangshun , Ye Mingda , MacGregor-Chatwin Craig , Sheng Yuewen , Lu Ying , Li Ming , Li Qingrong , Wang Dong , Gilbert Robert J. C. , Zhang Peijun
Published: November 2024

The cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) method has enabled high-resolution structure determination of numerous biomolecules and complexes. Nevertheless, cryoEM sample preparation of challenging proteins and complexes, especially those with low abundance or with preferential orientation, remains a major hurdle. We developed an affinity-grid method employing monodispersed single particle streptavidin on a lipid monolayer to enhance particle absorption on the grid surface and alleviate sample exposure to the air-water interface. Using this approach, we successfully enriched the Thermococcus kodakarensis mini-chromosome maintenance complex 3 (MCM3) on cryoEM grids through biotinylation and resolved its structure. We further utilized this affinity method to tether the biotin-tagged dsDNA to selectively enrich a stable MCM3-ATP-dsDNA complex for cryoEM structure determination. Intriguingly, both MCM3 apo and dsDNA bound structures exhibit left-handed open spiral conformations, distinct from other reported MCM structures. The large open gate is sufficient to accommodate a dsDNA which could potentially be melted. The value of mspSA affinity method was further demonstrated by mitigating the issue of preferential angular distribution of HIV-1 capsid protein hexamer and RNA polymerase II elongation complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
LungVis 1.0: an automatic AI-powered 3D imaging ecosystem unveils spatial profiling of nanoparticle delivery and acinar migration of lung macrophages
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Qiongliang , Kumar Pramod , Sengupta Arunima , Farnoud Ali , Shen Ruolin , Trofimova Darya , Ziegler Sebastian , Davoudi Neda , Doryab Ali , Yildirim Ali Önder , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Schiller Herbert B. , Razansky Daniel , Piraud Marie , Burgstaller Gerald , Kreyling Wolfgang G. , Isensee Fabian , Rehberg Markus , Stoeger Tobias , Schmid Otmar
Published: November 2024

Targeted (nano-)drug delivery is essential for treating respiratory diseases, which are often confined to distinct lung regions. However, spatio-temporal profiling of drugs or nanoparticles (NPs) and their interactions with lung macrophages remains unresolved. Here, we present LungVis 1.0, an AI-powered imaging ecosystem that integrates light sheet fluorescence microscopy with deep learning-based image analysis pipelines to map NP deposition and dosage holistically and quantitatively across bronchial and alveolar (acinar) regions in murine lungs for widely-used bulk-liquid and aerosol-based delivery methods. We demonstrate that bulk-liquid delivery results in patchy NP distribution with elevated bronchial doses, whereas aerosols achieve uniform deposition reaching distal alveoli. Furthermore, we reveal that lung tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are dynamic, actively patrolling and redistributing NPs within alveoli, contesting the conventional paradigm of TRMs as static entities. LungVis 1.0 provides an advanced framework for exploring pulmonary delivery dynamics and deepening insights into TRM-mediated lung immunity.
Fast delivery of heralded atom-photon quantum correlation over 12 km fiber through multiplexing enhancement
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Shi Jixuan , Liang Yibo , Sun Yuedong , Wu Yukai , Duan Luming , Pu Yunfei
Published: November 2024

Distributing quantum entanglement between distant parties is a significant but difficult task in quantum information science, as it can enable numerous applications but suffers from exponential decay in the quantum channel. Quantum repeaters are one of the most promising approaches towards this goal. In a quantum repeater protocol, it is essential that the entanglement generation speed within each elementary link is faster than the memory decoherence rate, and this stringent requirement has not been implemented over a fiber of metropolitan scale so far. As a step towards this challenging goal, in this work we experimentally realize multiplexing-enhanced generation of heralded atom-photon quantum correlation over a 12 km fiber. We successively generate 280 pairs of atom-photon quantum correlations with a train of photonic time-bin pulses filling the long fiber, and read out the excited memory modes on demand with either fixed or variable storage time after successful heralding. With the multiplexing enhancement, the heralding rate of atom-photon correlation can reach 1.95 kHz, and the ratio between the quantum correlation generation rate to memory decoherence rate can be improved to 0.46 for a fiber length of 12 km. This work therefore constitutes an important step towards the realization of a large-scale quantum repeater network.
Remodelling of Rea1 linker domain drives the removal of assembly factors from pre-ribosomal particles
Authors: Busselez Johan , Koenig Geraldine , Dominique Carine , Klos Torben , Velayudhan Deepika , Sosnowski Piotr , Marechal Nils , Crucifix Corinne , Gizardin-Fredon Hugo , Cianferani Sarah , Albert Benjamin , Henry Yves , Henras Anthony K. , Schmidt Helgo
Published: November 2024

The ribosome maturation factor Rea1 (or Midasin) catalyses the removal of assembly factors from large ribosomal subunit precursors and promotes their export from the nucleus to the cytosol. Rea1 consists of nearly 5000 amino-acid residues and belongs to the AAA+ protein family. It consists of a ring of six AAA+ domains from which the ≈1700 amino-acid residue linker emerges that is subdivided into stem, middle and top domains. A flexible and unstructured D/E rich region connects the linker top to a MIDAS (metal ion dependent adhesion site) domain, which is able to bind the assembly factor substrates. Despite its key importance for ribosome maturation, the mechanism driving assembly factor removal by Rea1 is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the Rea1 linker is essential for assembly factor removal. It rotates and swings towards the AAA+ ring following a complex remodelling scheme involving nucleotide independent as well as nucleotide dependent steps. ATP-hydrolysis is required to engage the linker with the AAA+ ring and ultimately with the AAA+ ring docked MIDAS domain. The interaction between the linker top and the MIDAS domain allows direct force transmission for assembly factor removal.
Chip-scale sensor for spectroscopic metrology
Authors: Yao Chunhui , Zhang Wanlu , Bao Peng , Ma Jie , Zhuo Wei , Chen Minjia , Shi Zhitian , Zhou Jingwen , Ye Yuxiao , Ming Liang , Yan Ting , Penty Richard , Cheng Qixiang
Published: November 2024

Miniaturized spectrometers hold great promise for in situ, in vitro, and even in vivo sensing applications. However, their size reduction imposes vital performance constraints in meeting the rigorous demands of spectroscopy, including fine resolution, high accuracy, and ultra-wide observation window. The prevailing view in the community holds that miniaturized spectrometers are most suitable for coarse identification of signature peaks. Here, we present an integrated reconstructive spectrometer that enables near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic metrology, and demonstrate a fully packaged sensor with auxiliary electronics. Such a sensor operates over a 520 nm bandwidth together with a resolution below 8 pm, yielding a record-breaking bandwidth-to-resolution ratio of over 65,000. The classification of different types of solid substances and the concentration measurement of aqueous and organic solutions are performed, all achieving approximately 100% accuracy. Notably, the detection limit of our sensor matches that of commercial benchtop counterparts, which is as low as 0.1% (i.e. 100 mg/dL) for identifying the concentration of glucose solution.
Systemic biological mechanisms underpin poor post-discharge growth among severely wasted children with HIV
Authors: Mudibo Evans O. , Bogaert Jasper , Tigoi Caroline , Ngari Moses M. , Singa Benson O. , Lancioni Christina L. , Diallo Abdoulaye Hama , Mbale Emmie , Mupere Ezekiel , Mukisa John , Thitiri Johnstone , Timbwa Molline , Omer Elisha , Ngao Narshion , Musyimi Robert , Kahindi Eunice , Bamouni Roseline Maïmouna , Bandsma Robert H. J. , Kelly Paul , Prendergast Andrew J. , McGrath Christine J. , Tickell Kirkby D. , Walson Judd L. , Berkley James A. , Njunge James M. , Gonzales Gerard Bryan
Published: November 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa, children with severe malnutrition (SM) and HIV have substantially worse outcomes than children with SM alone, facing higher mortality risk and impaired nutritional recovery post-hospitalisation. Biological mechanisms underpinning this risk remain incompletely understood. This case-control study nested within the CHAIN cohort in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, and Burkina Faso examined effect of HIV on six months post-discharge growth among children with SM and those at risk of malnutrition, assessed proteomic signatures associated with HIV in these children, and investigated how these systemic processes impact post-discharge growth in children with SM. Using SomaScanTM assay, 7335 human plasma proteins were quantified. Linear mixed models identified HIV-associated biological processes and their associations with post-discharge growth. Using structural equation modelling, we examined directed paths explaining how HIV influences post-discharge growth. Here, we show that at baseline, HIV is associated with lower anthropometry. Additionally, HIV is associated with protein profiles indicating increased complement activation and decreased insulin-like growth factor signalling and bone mineralisation. HIV indirectly affects post-discharge growth by influencing baseline anthropometry and modulating proteins involved in bone mineralisation and humoral immune responses. These findings suggest specific biological pathways linking HIV to poor growth, offering insights for targeted interventions in this vulnerable population.
Deep learning potential model of displacement damage in hafnium oxide ferroelectric films
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhang Yanjun , Zhou Chao , Zhou Yichun
Published: November 2024

A model for studying displacement damage in irradiated HfO2 ferroelectric thin films was developed using deep learning and a repulsive table, combining the accuracy of density functional theory with the efficiency of molecular dynamics. This model accurately predicts the properties of various HfO2 phases, such as PO (Pca21), T (P42/nmc), AO (Pbca), and M (P21/c), and describes the atom collision-separation process during irradiation. The displacement threshold energies for the Hf atoms, three-coordinated O atoms, and four-coordinated O atoms are 57.72, 41.93, and 32.89 eV, respectively. The defect formation probabilities (DFPs) for the O primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) and Hf PKAs increase with energy, reaching 1. Below 80.27 eV, the O PKAs are more likely to form point defects than the Hf PKAs. Above this energy, the Hf PKAs have a higher DFP because the O PKAs form replacement loops more easily, inhibiting the generation of point defects. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of defect formation, which is crucial for increasing the reliability of HfO2 ferroelectric devices under irradiation.
3D Heisenberg universality in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3
Authors: Plumley Rajan , Mardanya Sougata , Peng Cheng , Nokelainen Johannes , Assefa Tadesse , Shen Lingjia , Burdet Nicholas , Porter Zach , Petsch Alexander , Israelski Aidan , Chen Hongwei , Lee Jun-Sik , Morley Sophie , Roy Sujoy , Fabbris Gilberto , Blackburn Elizabeth , Feiguin Adrian , Bansil Arun , Lee Wei-Sheng , Lindenberg Aaron M. , Chowdhury Sugata , Dunne Mike , Turner Joshua J.
Published: November 2024

Van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are comprised of layers of atomically thin sheets, making them ideal platforms for studying magnetism at the two-dimensional (2D) limit. These materials are at the center of a host of novel types of experiments, however, there are notably few pathways to directly probe their magnetic structure. We confirm the magnetic order within a single crystal of NiPS3 and show it can be accessed with resonant elastic X-ray diffraction along the edge of the vdW planes in a carefully grown crystal by detecting structurally forbidden resonant magnetic X-ray scattering. We find the magnetic order parameter has a critical exponent of β ~ 0.36, indicating that the magnetism of these vdW crystals is more adequately characterized by the three-dimensional (3D) Heisenberg universality class. We verify these findings with first-principles density functional theory, Monte-Carlo simulations, and density matrix renormalization group calculations.
Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated T cell stimulation to evade immunity
Authors: Elewaut Anais , Estivill Guillem , Bayerl Felix , Castillon Leticia , Novatchkova Maria , Pottendorfer Elisabeth , Hoffmann-Haas Lisa , Schönlein Martin , Nguyen Trung Viet , Lauss Martin , Andreatta Francesco , Vulin Milica , Krecioch Izabela , Bayerl Jonas , Pedde Anna-Marie , Fabre Naomi , Holstein Felix , Cronin Shona M. , Rieser Sarah , Laniti Denarda Dangaj , Barras David , Coukos George , Quek Camelia , Bai Xinyu , Muñoz i Ordoño Miquel , Wiesner Thomas , Zuber Johannes , Jönsson Göran , Böttcher Jan P. , Vanharanta Sakari , Obenauf Anna C.
Published: November 2024

The tumour microenvironment is programmed by cancer cells and substantially influences anti-tumour immune responses1,2. Within the tumour microenvironment, CD8+ T cells undergo full effector differentiation and acquire cytotoxic anti-tumour functions in specialized niches3–7. Although interactions with type 1 conventional dendritic cells have been implicated in this process3–5,8–10, the underlying cellular players and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that inflammatory monocytes can adopt a pivotal role in intratumoral T cell stimulation. These cells express Cxcl9, Cxcl10 and Il15, but in contrast to type 1 conventional dendritic cells, which cross-present antigens, inflammatory monocytes obtain and present peptide–major histocompatibility complex class I complexes from tumour cells through ‘cross-dressing’. Hyperactivation of MAPK signalling in cancer cells hampers this process by coordinately blunting the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) cytokines and inducing the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which impairs the inflammatory monocyte state and intratumoral T cell stimulation. Enhancing IFN-I cytokine production and blocking PGE2 secretion restores this process and re-sensitizes tumours to T cell-mediated immunity. Together, our work uncovers a central role of inflammatory monocytes in intratumoral T cell stimulation, elucidates how oncogenic signalling disrupts T cell responses through counter-regulation of PGE2 and IFN-I, and proposes rational combination therapies to enhance immunotherapies.
MCM double hexamer loading visualized with human proteins
Authors: Weissmann Florian , Greiwe Julia F. , Pühringer Thomas , Eastwood Evelyn L. , Couves Emma C. , Miller Thomas C. R. , Diffley John F. X. , Costa Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Eukaryotic DNA replication begins with the loading of the MCM replicative DNA helicase as a head-to-head double hexamer at origins of DNA replication1–3. Our current understanding of how the double hexamer is assembled by the origin recognition complex (ORC), CDC6 and CDT1 comes mostly from budding yeast. Here we characterize human double hexamer (hDH) loading using biochemical reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy with purified proteins. We show that the human double hexamer engages DNA differently from the yeast double hexamer (yDH), and generates approximately five base pairs of underwound DNA at the interface between hexamers, as seen in hDH isolated from cells4. We identify several differences from the yeast double hexamer in the order of factor recruitment and dependencies during hDH assembly. Unlike in yeast5–8, the ORC6 subunit of the ORC is not essential for initial MCM recruitment or hDH loading, but contributes to an alternative hDH assembly pathway that requires an intrinsically disordered region in ORC1, which may work through a MCM–ORC intermediate. Our work presents a detailed view of how double hexamers are assembled in an organism that uses sequence-independent replication origins, provides further evidence for diversity in eukaryotic double hexamer assembly mechanisms9, and represents a first step towards reconstitution of DNA replication initiation with purified human proteins.
BFR2: a curated ribosomal reference dataset for benthic foraminifera
Authors: Holzmann Maria , Nguyen Ngoc-Loi , Angeles Inès Barrenechea , Pawlowski Jan
Published: November 2024

Benthic foraminifera are one of the major groups of marine protists that also occur in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are widely used to monitor current and past environmental conditions. Over the last three decades, thousands of DNA sequences have been obtained from benthic foraminiferal isolates. The results of this long-term effort are compiled here in the form of the first curated benthic foraminiferal ribosomal reference dataset (BFR2). The present dataset contains over 5000 sequences of a fragment of the 18S rDNA gene, which is recognized as the DNA barcode of foraminifera. The sequences represent 279 species and 204 genera belonging to 91 families. Thirteen percent of these sequences have not been assigned to any morphologically described group and may represent species new to science. Furthermore, forty-five percent of the sequences have not been previously published. The BFR2 dataset aims to collect all DNA barcodes of benthic foraminifera and to provide a much-needed reference dataset for the rapidly developing field of molecular foraminiferal studies.
Comparison of MRI head motion indicators in 40,969 subjects informs neuroimaging study design
Authors: Teo Thomas Wei Jun , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Chan Ling Ling , Welton Thomas
Published: November 2024

Head motion during MRI compromises image quality for clinical assessments and research. Active motion reduction strategies are effective but rarely applied due to uncertainty in their value for a given study. The ability to anticipate motion based on group characteristics would aid effective neuroimaging study design. This study compared putative motion indicators for their association to fMRI head motion in a large UK Biobank cohort (n = 40,969, aged 54.9 ± 7.5 years, 53% male). Body Mass Index (BMI; βadj = .050, p < .001) and ethnicity (βadj = 0.068, p < 0.001) were the strongest indicators of head motion. A ten-point increase in BMI, which is the difference between “healthy” and “obese”, corresponded to a 51% increase in motion. Findings were similar in a subgroup with no lifetime diagnoses (n = 6858). Motion was not significantly increased in individuals with psychiatric disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, or diabetes. The hypertension subgroup exhibited significantly increased motion (p = 0.048). Cognitive task performance (t = 110.83, p < 0.001) and prior scan experience (t = 7.16, p < 0.001) were associated with increased head motion. Our results inform decision making for implementation of motion reduction strategies in MRI. BMI outweighs other motion indicators, while blood pressure, age, smoking and caffeine consumption are relatively less influential. Disease diagnosis alone is not a good indicator of MRI head motion.
Association between the CYP2B6 polymorphisms and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chanhom Noppadol , Sonjan Janjira , Inchai Jarupat , Udomsinprasert Wanvisa , Chaikledkaew Usa , Suvichapanich Supharat , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Jittikoon Jiraphun
Published: November 2024

Nevirapine (NVP) and Efavirenz (EFV) can cause antiretroviral drug-induced liver injury (ARVDILI). The objectives of this study were to summarize and analyze existing data on pharmacogenomics associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors drug-induced liver injury using systematic review and meta-analysis. This study systematically searched the relevant studies regarding pharmacogenes related to ARVDILI from online databases. Genes-encoding proteins were further analyzed using the STRING program to determine the protein-protein interactions (PPI). CYP2B6 polymorphisms were further meta-analyzed. Seventeen genes have been shown to be significantly associated with ARVDILI. Illustration from STRING analysis, CYP2B6, CYP1A1, and CYP2D6 enzymes have been recognized as central proteins linked to all other analyzed proteins. Meta-analysis illustrated that CYP2B6 *1/*6 (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.15–2.90; P = 0.01), *6/*6 (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.28–4.79; P = 0.007), and *1/*6 plus *6/*6 (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.24–3.01; P = 0.003) were associated with risks of EFV-induced liver injury. Moreover, CYP2B6 *1/*6 (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.91; P = 0.03) and a group combining individuals with either *1/*6 or *6/*6 (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21–0.84; P = 0.01) were associated with reduced risks of NVP-induced liver injury. This meta-analysis revealed an association between CYP2B6 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to ARVDILI.
Enhanced warming and bacterial biomass production as key factors for coastal hypoxia in the southwestern Baltic Sea
Authors: Hepach Helmke , Piontek Judith , Bange Hermann W. , Barthelmeß Theresa , von Jackowski Anabel , Engel Anja
Published: November 2024

Coastal ecosystems are affected by a multitude of anthropogenic stressors. As the Baltic Sea ecosystems rank among the most altered marine ecosystems worldwide, they represent ideal model regions to study ecosystem responses to anthropogenic pressures. Our statistical analysis of data including dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as bacterial abundance and -biomass production from the time-series station Boknis Eck in the southwestern Baltic Sea reveals that bacterial biomass production intensifies towards summer following the phytoplankton spring bloom. Moreover, warming, especially very high temperatures in summer, enhances stratification and bacterial biomass production despite long-term reduction in nutrient input. A strong decrease in oxygen in the bottom layer is possibly linked to this. We detect an increasing trend in bacterial biomass production along with intensifying warming and stratification, and more frequently occurring hypoxia despite ongoing restoration efforts. If this trend continues, the coastal Baltic Sea ecosystem is likely to be altered even further. Coastal ecosystems play pivotal roles in mitigating impacts of climate change but if destroyed, they may amplify climate change further calling for stronger ecosystem management strategies.
Perspectives on innovative non-fertilizer applications of sewage sludge for mitigating environmental and health hazards
Authors: Fini Elham H. , Kazemi Mohammadjavad , Poulikakos Lily , Lazorenko Georgy , Akbarzade Vajiheh , Lamanna Anthony , Lammers Peter
Published: November 2024

As waste production increases and resources become limited, sewage sludge presents a valuable resource with potential beyond traditional land use and incineration. This review emphasizes exploring innovative non-fertilizer applications of sewage sludges and advocates for viewing wastewater treatment plants as sources of valuable feedstock and carbon sequestration. Innovative uses include integrating sewage sludge into construction materials such as asphalt pavements, geopolymer, cementitious composites, and masonry blocks. These methods not only immobilize heavy metals and mitigate environmental hazards but also support carbon sequestration, contrasting with incineration and land application methods that release carbon into the atmosphere. The review also addresses emerging technologies like bio-adhesives, bio-binders for asphalt, hydrogels, bioplastics, and corrosion inhibitors. It highlights the recovery of valuable materials from sewage sludge, including phosphorus, oils, metals, cellulose, and polyhydroxyalkanoates as well as enzyme production. By focusing on these non-fertilizer applications, this review presents a compelling case for re-envisioning wastewater treatment plants as sources of valuable feedstock and carbon sequestration, supporting global efforts to manage waste effectively and enhance sustainability.
Hybrid materials for electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Nkhahle Reitumetse
Published: November 2024

Hybrid materials are materials composed of different classes of materials forged into one for a particular application. These materials are often a combination of both organic and inorganic/metallic constituents. In both electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes, hybrids have been applied in the splitting of water as well as the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia amongst others. And while they have often been reported to function better than catalysts derived from single atoms, the manner in which hybrids operate as catalysts remains a grey area as there are limited accounts outlining the contribution made by each component of the whole entity. This chapter provides some insight on hybrid materials and their classifications, their syntheses and applications as electrochemical and photoelectrochemical catalysts, and how their catalytic abilities cannot always be reduced to the concept of synergy.
Electrochemical glucose biosensors based on microbial whole cells
Authors: Aslan Sema , Oktay Müjgan Kesik , Özen Afike Ayça
Published: November 2024

The detection and measurement of biological analytes is greatly aided by the novel technology of electrochemical biosensors that employ entire microbial cells. These biosensors detect the electrochemical signals generated by biological interactions by immobilising microorganisms (algae, fungi, bacteria, etc.) on the electrode surface. This technique has a great deal of promise for use in many different fields, especially biotechnology, environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics. This chapter provides a thorough explanation of how to determine glucose using electrochemical biosensors that use microorganisms.
Electroanalytical overview: the sensing of dopamine
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Banks Craig E.
Published: November 2024

Dopamine (2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine) is a key neurotransmitter where a high level of dopamine indicates cardiotoxicity while low levels may contribute to depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Clearly, there is the need for the measurement of dopamine where laboratory based analytical instrumentation provide a routine methodology, but there is scope to develop in-the-field analytical measurements that are comparable to laboratory equipment. Electroanalysis provides an opportunity where sensors provide highly sensitive and selective outputs, are rapid and economical, and where instrumentation are readily portable and able to support on-site analysis. In this chapter we summarise the use of electroanalysis for the detection of dopamine, where we are focusing on the materials used, namely, zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional materials.
Self-assembled nanomaterials for fabrication of electrochemical biosensors for biomedical applications
Authors: Natarajan Arunadevi , Sivakumar Nikithaa , Singh Pooja , Singh Ravindra Pratap , Pandey Shyam S. , Singh Kshitij RB
Published: November 2024

Self-assembled nanoparticles have proven results in the fabrication of sensors for biomedical applications. In recent years nanoparticles have assembled into clusters by adopting various techniques to develop superstructures. The characteristics of self-assembled nanoparticles are modified by altering the interactions occurring between nano-sized components via external and internal fields. It exhibits easily tuneable and flexible surfaces in multi-dimensional structures. In this chapter, we explored the fabrication and integration of electrochemical sensors with self-assembled nanoparticles. We correlated the properties of self-assembled motifs like size and electrical properties with the sensing performance. Initially, we discussed single-component self-assembled nanomaterials like DNA and peptides and their applications in the biomedical arena. Additionally, peptides will undergo a self-assembly process with the drugs, for targeted tumor therapy. Further self-assembled nature of various transition nano metals/oxides and their role in sensors as electrode support and signal labelling was deliberated. For the fruitful understanding of the title compound the challenges and prospects of electrochemical biosensors in medical applications were also addressed. This chapter will serve as an exhaustive guide to harmonize the vital aspects to formulate stable self-assembled nanostructures for biomedical applications.
Ruthenium-catalyzed electrochemical C–H activation for organic synthesis
Authors: Maayuri Rajaram , Gandeepan Parthasarathy
Published: November 2024

Transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation is a powerful tool in organic synthesis, providing high atom and step economy while reducing waste. Among the 4d and 5d transition metals, ruthenium stands out for its affordability and effectiveness under mild reaction conditions for diverse C–H activation reactions. Recently, advances in metallaelectrocatalysis have allowed ruthenium-catalyzed C–H activation transformations to use electricity instead of traditional oxidants, enhancing selectivity and reducing costs and waste. This review highlights the recent progress in ruthenium-catalyzed electrochemical C–H functionalization reactions, showcasing key developments and innovations.
Metal and metal oxide-based electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring
Authors: Singh Pooja , Natarajan Arunadevi , Singh Ravindra Pratap , Pandey Shyam S. , Singh Kshitij RB
Published: November 2024

Environmental monitoring is one of the keys to improving safety measures in many spheres of life. The environment is everything in and around us. Pollution of the water, air, and soil, contaminated food, chemical exposures, UV radiation, and climate change all contribute to several global diseases and health problems globally and offer risk factors. Therefore, these environmental threats must be monitored and controlled. To do this, cutting-edge procedures that can quickly and sensitively identify different environmental pollutants are needed. An electrochemical biosensor that combines excellent selectivity of biological affinity with accurate electrochemical detection is one of the most essential instruments for evaluating ecological contaminants. The focus of this work is on electrochemical biosensors to determine the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Environmental biosensors are still improving and making strides in simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity.
Plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Bagnall Andrew J. , Sekretareva Alina
Published: November 2024

Photoelectrocatalytic systems merge the benefits of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, showing great promise for applications like small molecule activation and organic synthesis. When plasmonic photosensitisers are integrated into these systems, the strategy is commonly referred to as plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysis (PEEC). In PEEC, the optically-induced enhancement of the electromagnetic field, generation of hot carriers, and localised heating can influence electrochemical processes. This chapter explores the scientific foundations of PEEC and the mechanisms that generate photocurrents. Additionally, it provides sources and guidelines for optimal experimental practices, offering methods to accurately identify the various enhancement mechanisms within PEEC.
Chip fabrication from electrochemical perspective: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Rai Harshita , Natarajan Arunadevi , Birla Shilpi , Singh Neha , Singh Kshitij RB , Pandey Shyam S.
Published: November 2024

The semiconductor industry is playing a very crucial role in the technological advancement in the field of electrochemical device fabrication, yet it faces significant challenges in terms of environmental sustainability. Thus, this chapter is an effort to bring forward the intricate processes involved in semiconductor chip fabrication by detailing processes like lithography, etching, and doping, and describes the development of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and energy-efficient Network-on-Chips (NoCs), along with the history of chip fabrication from early developments (∼1950s) to systems on chip (present). Finally, the main objective of this work is to explore integrating electrochemical devices with semiconductor chips, such as lab-on-chip systems for medical diagnostics, microfluidic devices for energy harvesting, and electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors. By exploring innovative approaches for miniaturizing energy storage devices to integrate with microelectronic systems seamlessly. Hence this opens new avenues for exploring the potential of integrating electrochemical devices with semiconductor chips for real-life applications. this work also tries to provide the basic knowledge to budding researchers and policymakers to understand the basics of semiconductor chips and their integration with electrochemical devices.
Silk fibroin as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Quan Shaohao , Yang Jie , Huang Sirui , Shao Jundong , Liu Yang , Yang Hui
Published: November 2024

This review highlights silk fibroin's potential in bone tissue engineering, exploring its properties, extraction methods, and applications in various forms, while addressing its challenges and future prospects.
Broadband emission in alkali halides triggered by Sb3+ doping
Authors: Li Yanyan , Cotlet Mircea , Hadar Ido , Guo Peijun
Published: November 2024

Broadband emissions in a series of alkali chlorides are achieved by doping NaCl, KCl, and RbCl with Sb3+.
Terpolymerization reactions of epoxides, CO2, and the third monomers toward sustainable CO2-based polymers with controllable chemical and physical properties
Authors: Nakaoka Koichi , Ema Tadashi
Published: November 2024

Terpolymerization reactions of epoxides, CO2, and the third monomers such as cyclic anhydrides, lactones, lactides, heteroallenes, and olefins give polymers with controlled structures and properties.
An alternate synthetic pathway to nanoscopic Li2FeS2 for energy storage
Authors: DeBlock Ryan H. , Ford Hunter O. , Tighe Meghanne E. , Rolison Debra R. , Long Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2024

Synthesis of lithium-rich iron sulfide is achieved through redox-mediated chemical lithiation of pyrite FeS2.
Development and application of ordered membrane electrode assemblies for water electrolysis
Authors: Hua Nian , Zhang Chuanyan , Zhang Wenjie , Yao Xinyun , Qian Huidong
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in ordered membrane electrode assemblies for water electrolysis are reviewed, highlighting their fundamental concepts and structural characteristics. Key challenges and potential solutions are also discussed.
Harnessing thermal waste with a poling-free molecular pyroelectric zinc(ii) complex
Authors: Haldar Rajashi , Naskar Sudip , Jana Bapan , Mandal Dipankar , Shanmugam Maheswaran
Published: November 2024

TA poling-free pyroelectric nanogenerator (PyG) device made using a molecular complex [Zn(bpy)3](ClO4)2·H2O (1) produces an output voltage of 0.2 mV, attributed to its large pyroelectric coefficient (25 μC m−2 K−1).
Time-resolved transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of electron donor–acceptor thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on naphthalimide–phenothiazine dyads
Authors: Ye Kaiyue , Sukhanov Andrey A. , Pang Yu , Mambetov Aidar , Li Minjie , Cao Liyuan , Zhao Jianzhang , Voronkova Violeta K. , Peng Qian , Wan Yan
Published: November 2024

SOCT-ISC and the spin-vibronic coupling of TADF compounds are confirmed by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy.
Nitrogen substitution of bilayer penta-carbides: high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency and excellent electrocatalytic activity for water splitting
Authors: Long Yaowen , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2024

Vertical intrinsic electric field enhanced solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency to 31% and enabled almost zero overpotential for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
A framework for reviewing the results of automated conversion of structured organic synthesis procedures from the literature
Authors: Machi Kojiro , Akiyama Seiji , Nagata Yuuya , Yoshioka Masaharu
Published: November 2024

We propose a framework to edit automatically converted chemical description language (χDL) from organic synthesis procedure texts, supporting human reviewers by providing annotated text.
Moderate solvation structures of lithium ions for high-voltage lithium metal batteries at −40 °C
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Han , Lin Xing , Wang Tianyu , Cui Yanming , Huang Yu , Yang Jiayi , Liu Te-Huan , Ren Yang , Fan Xiulin , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui
Published: November 2024

This work proposed an electrolyte with a moderate solvation structure, addressing the low ionic conductivity, slow de-solvation and unstable cathode–electrolyte interphase of high-voltage lithium metal batteries at low temperature.
Emerging bioinspired hydrovoltaic electricity generators
Authors: Zan Guangtao , Li Shengyou , Zhao Kaiying , Kim HoYeon , Shin EunAe , Lee Kyuho , Jang Jihye , Kim Gwanho , Kim Yeonji , Jiang Wei , Kim Taebin , Kim Woojoong , Park Cheolmin
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive review explores the emerging field of bioinspired hydrovoltaic electricity generators from elementary bioinspired materials to smart bioinspired structures and living bioinspired devices.
Engineering Ir-based catalysts for high current density applications in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Authors: Song Yang , Chen Hongwu , Wang Xingdong , Weng Chenchen , Zou Kang , Wang Cheng , Yuan Yanxia , Ma Yuxuan , Yang Xue , Lin Wei
Published: November 2024

Catalysts engineering focusing on industrialization, bridging the gap between academic research and industrial demands.
Performance advancements in P-type TaFeSb-based thermoelectric materials through composition and composite optimizations
Authors: Naderloo Raana Hatami , Villoro Ruben Bueno , Mattlat Dominique Alexander , Ying Pingjun , Song Shaowei , Bayesteh Samaneh , Nielsch Kornelius , Scheu Christina , Ren Zhifeng , Zhu Hangtian , Zhang Siyuan , He Ran
Published: November 2024

Modifying grain boundary chemistry boosts carrier mobility and electrical conductivity while reducing thermal conductivity via alloying and defect engineering, yielding a record-setting average zT of 1 among p-type half-Heusler thermoelectrics.
Controlled Au-coated PDMS microwell array for surface-enhanced DNA biochips
Authors: Jang Yeongseok , Oh Jonghyun
Published: November 2024

The uniformity in size and shape of each microwell fabricated using pressure-assisted steam technology can enhance the accuracy of DNA detection and enable high-throughput analysis.
Atomic structures and energetics of heterophase interfaces among Fe(100), TiC(110) and Mo2C(001) surfaces: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Yu Chol-Jun , Rim Kyong-A. , Ri Song-Chol , Ryu Chol , Yun Hyok-Bom , Rim Jang-Il , Pang Chol-Song
Published: November 2024

We performed first-principles calculations of interfacial structures and energetics for Fe(100)/TiC(110), Fe(100)/Mo2C(001) and TiC(110)/Mo2C(001) interfaces to get an insight into material properties of Fe-based composites.
In vitro β-catenin attenuation by a mefloquine-loaded core–shell nano emulsion strategy to suppress liver cancer cells
Authors: Mohapatra Priyadarshini , Chandrasekaran Natarajan
Published: November 2024

Liver cancer, with 800 000 new cases annually, is driven by Wnt/β-catenin pathway mutations in over 80% of cases. This study aims to develop a novel strategy to target this pathway, inhibit cancer cell growth and downregulate oncogenic gene expression.