bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium Bicarbonate and Time-to-Exhaustion Cycling Performance: A Retrospective Analysis Exploring the Mediating Role of Expectation
Authors: Gurton William H. , Matta Guilherme G. , Gough Lewis Anthony , Ranchordas Mayur Krachna , King David G. , Hurst Philip
Published: July 2023

Background

Research has shown that ingesting 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) can improve time-to-exhaustion (TTE) cycling performance, but the influence of psychophysiological mechanisms on ergogenic effects is not yet understood.

Objective

This study retrospectively examined whether changes in TTE cycling performance are mediated by positive expectations of receiving NaHCO3 and/or the decline in blood bicarbonate during exercise.

Methods

In a randomised, crossover, counterbalanced, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 12 recreationally trained cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption, 54.4 ± 5.7 mL·kg·min−1) performed four TTE cycling tests 90 min after consuming: (1) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 in 5 mL·kg−1 body mass solution, (2) 0.03 g·kg−1 body mass sodium chloride in solution (placebo), (3) 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 in capsules and (4) cornflour in capsules (placebo). Prior to exercise, participants rated on 1–5 Likert type scales how much they expected the treatment they believe had been given would improve performance. Capillary blood samples were measured for acid-base balance at baseline, pre-exercise and post-exercise.

Results

Administering NaHCO3 in solution and capsules improved TTE compared with their respective placebos (solution: 27.0 ± 21.9 s, p = 0.001; capsules: 23.0 ± 28.1 s, p = 0.016). Compared to capsules, NaHCO3 administered via solution resulted in a higher expectancy about the benefits on TTE cycling performance (Median: 3.5 vs. 2.5, Z = 2.135, p = 0.033). Decline in blood bicarbonate during exercise was higher for NaHCO3 given in solution compared to capsules (2.7 ± 2.1 mmol·L−1, p = 0.001). Mediation analyses showed that improvements in TTE cycling were indirectly related to expectancy and decline in blood bicarbonate when NaHCO3 was administered in solution but not capsules.

Conclusions

Participants’ higher expectations when NaHCO3 is administered in solution could result in them exerting themselves harder during TTE cycling, which subsequently leads to a greater decline in blood bicarbonate and larger improvements in performance.

Key Points

Ingesting 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass sodium bicarbonate in solution and capsules improved time-to-exhaustion cycling performance

Positive expectancy about the benefits of sodium bicarbonate and decline in blood bicarbonate were higher when sodium bicarbonate was administered in solution compared with capsules

Improvements in time-to-exhaustion cycling performance for sodium bicarbonate administered in solution were related to expectancy and the enhanced extracellular buffering response
The development of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma in renal transplant recipients: report of two cases with literature review
Authors: Kawano Noriaki , Kyohei Yamada , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Yoshida Noriaki , Ohshima Kouichi , Arakawa Fumiko , Nakashima Kazutaka , Kameda Takuro , Kogure Yasunori , Ito Yuta , Yoshida Shuro , Kuriyama Takuro , Nakaike Takashi , Tochigi Taro , Takigawa Ken , Yamashita Kiyoshi , Toyofuku Atsushi , Manabe Tatsuya , Doi Atsushi , Terasaka Soushi , Marutsuka Kouske , Ochiai Hidenobu , Kikuchi Ikuo , Mori Yasuo , Kataoka Keisuke , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Yamauchi Junji , Yamano Yoshihisa , Shimoda Kazuya
Published: July 2023

Backgrounds

Therefore, reports on the risk of HTLV-1-related diseases in organ transplantation have increased in recent years, and the management of HTLV in renal transplantation remains a challenge.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed four HTLV-1-positive recipients or donors among 89 renal transplantation cases from 2006 to 2021.

Results

Among the four HTLV-1-positive recipients, two patients developed adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) derived from recipients at approximately 3 years (1016 days and 1195 days) after renal transplantation. Case 1 developed lymphoma-type ATL (an extranodal primary cutaneous variant), including skin and pulmonary lesions. The patient achieved CR with FK tapering and CHOP therapy following cord blood stem cell transplantation. However, the patient died 101 days after ATL development because of a severe fungal infection. Case 2 developed acute-type ATL with an unusual phenotype of CD4+8+30+. The patient was treated with FK tapering and palliative therapy because of poor PS. Notably, in case 1, histopathological findings showed high numbers of PD-1-positive TIL cells in ATL, suggesting exhausted T cells and a correlation with the early onset of ATL. Furthermore, in Case 2, histopathological findings revealed CD 30 expression in ATL cells, suggesting the importance of CD 30 in ATL development. Importantly, case 2 showed typical driver mutations, including CCR4 truncation mutations of the C-terminal, TBL1XR1 mutation, and TP53 mutation in the splice site. Notably, our present study and our previous study on renal transplantation strongly indicated that two out of two and one out of 59 “recipient” positive cases developed ATL, respectively. Furthermore, our previous nationwide study 4 out of 10 “donor” positive cases developed HAM. These findings showed that ATL may be derived from HTLV-I+ recipient cells and HAM may be derived from HTLV-1+ donor cells, although the precise mechanism remains unknown.

Conclusions

Thus, early onset and rapid progression of ATL with poor outcomes should be considered in HTLV-1 endemic areas. Furthermore, immunological or genetic mechanisms may be related to the development of ATL after renal transplantation. We believe that the mechanism of onset of ATL after transplantation may be important when considering the immune environment of ATL itself.
Post-traumatic meningoencephalocele as a complication after head trauma and surgery: literature review focusing on the relevance of patient’s history and radiological follow-up
Authors: Pesce Alessandro , Armocida Daniele , Petrella Gianpaolo , Frati Alessandro , Pompucci Angelo
Published: July 2023

Background

Meningoencephalocele (ME) is an herniation of brain parenchyma covered by meninges through a bone defect and could be malformative or secondary. Except for rarer cases of spontaneous form, ME is usually due to endonasal or otologic infections and rarely after head trauma. In predisposed patients, even mild head trauma can lead to the formation of a ME.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of literature with the aims to identify the clinical characteristics of all reported forms of post-traumatic ME and the best diagnostic and treatment strategy. We illustrated a case of a patient treated for a post-traumatic subdural hematoma who developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage 3 months after the trauma.

Results

The search returned a total of 59 papers for the analysis, including radiological, clinical studies, technical note and the case reported from our experience. The total number of patients collected for this review was 61, with a mean age of 31.1 years. The diagnosis of ME could be heterogeneous in terms of timing and clinical onset after a head injury. Symptoms onset and subsequent radiological diagnosis of ME vary between 24 h to 43 years. The majority of traumas were reported in temporal site (52.45%). There were reported high variability of treatment strategies dependent on the location and extent of the defect: in the majority of cases (58%), duroplasty by the heterologous dural patch was the procedure of choice. There is a relative low rate of complications (6.5%) due to a delayed diagnosis of ME.

Conclusions

When ME is associated with violation of meninges, the clinical presentation may be that of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea or otorhinorrhoea, consequently, delay in diagnosis can lead to neurological complications. The clinical effectiveness of ME treatment depends much more on the correct and timely diagnosis than on the type of procedure selected.
The COVID-19 pandemic and cannabis use in Canada―a scoping review
Authors: Newport Kelda , Bishop Lisa , Donnan Jennifer , Pal Shefali , Najafizada Maisam
Published: July 2023

Background

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the cannabis industry has adapted to public health emergency orders which had direct and indirect consequences on cannabis consumption. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the patterns of consumption and cannabis-related health and safety considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.

Methods

For this scoping review, we searched four electronic databases supplemented with grey literature. Peer-reviewed or pre-print studies using any study design and grey literature reporting real-world data were included if published in English between March 2020 and September 2021 and focused on cannabis and COVID-19 in Canada. A content analysis was performed.

Results

Twenty-one studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Study designs included cross-sectional surveys (n = 17), ecological study (n = 1), conceptual paper (n = 1), longitudinal study (n = 1), and prospective cohort study (n = 1). Most were conducted solely in Canada (n = 18), and the remaining included global data. Our content analysis suggested that cannabis consumption during the pandemic varied by reasons for use, consumers’ age, gender, and method of consumption. Health and safety impacts due to the COVID-19 pandemics included increased mental illness, increased emergency visits, and psychosocial impacts.

Discussion

This scoping review suggested that the impact of the pandemic on cannabis consumption in Canada is more complex than simplistic assumptions of an increase or decrease in consumption and continues to be difficult to measure. This study has explored some of those complexities in relation to reasons for use, age, gender, method of consumption, and health impacts. This scoping review is limited by focusing on the breadth compared to depth.

Conclusions

Legalizing nonmedical use of cannabis in Canada in 2018 has had its challenges of implementation, one of which has been the changing context of the society. The findings of this study can help inform cannabis policy updates in Canada as the country is reaching its fifth year of legalizing nonmedical use of cannabis.
Pathways to care for psychosis in Malawi
Authors: Kokota Demoubly , Stewart Robert C. , Bandawe Chiwoza , Chorwe-Sungani Genesis , Liwimbi Olive , Mwale Charles Masulani , Kulisewa Kazione , Udedi Michael , Gondwe Saulos , Sefasi Anthony , Banda Richard , Mkandawire Thandiwe , Lawrie Stephen M.
Published: July 2023

People with psychosis in Malawi have very limited access to timely assessment and evidence-based care, leading to a long duration of untreated psychosis and persistent disability. Most people with psychosis in the country consult traditional or religious healers. Stigmatising attitudes are common and services have limited capacity, particularly in rural areas. This paper, focusing on pathways to care for psychosis in Malawi, is based on the Wellcome Trust Psychosis Flagship Report on the Landscape of Mental Health Services for Psychosis in Malawi. Its purpose is to inform Psychosis Recovery Orientation in Malawi by Improving Services and Engagement (PROMISE), a longitudinal study that aims to build on existing services to develop sustainable psychosis detection systems and management pathways to promote recovery.
A Pediatric Upper Airway Library to Evaluate Interpatient Variability of In Silico Aerosol Deposition
Authors: Kolewe Emily L. , Padhye Saurav , Woodward Ian R. , Feng Yu , Briddell Jenna W. , Fromen Catherine A.
Published: July 2023

The airway of pediatric patients’ changes through development, presenting a challenge in developing pediatric-specific aerosol therapeutics. Our work aims to quantify geometric variations and aerosol deposition patterns during upper airway development in subjects between 3.5 months–6.9 years old using a library of 24 pediatric models and 4 adult models. Computational fluid–particle dynamics was performed with varying particle size (0.1–10 μm) and flow rate (10–120 Lpm), which was rigorously analyzed to compare anatomical metrics (epiglottis angle (θE), glottis to cricoid ring ratio (GC-ratio), and pediatric to adult trachea ratio (H-ratio)), inhaler metrics (particle diameter, $${d}_{p}$$

d
p

, and flow rate, Q), and clinical metrics (age, sex, height, and weight) against aerosol deposition. Multivariate non-linear regression indicated that all metrics were all significantly influential on resultant deposition, with varying influence of individual parameters. Additionally, principal component analysis was employed, indicating that $${d}_{p}$$

d
p

, Q, GC-ratio, θE, and sex accounted for 90% of variability between subject-specific deposition. Notably, age was not statistically significant among pediatric subjects but was influential in comparing adult subjects. Inhaler design metrics were hugely influential, thus supporting the critical need for pediatric-specific inhalable approaches. This work not only improves accuracy in prescribing inhalable therapeutics and informing pediatric aerosol optimization, but also provides a framework for future aerosol studies to continue to strive toward optimized and personalized pediatric medicine.

Graphical Abstract
The Revolt's Illegitimate Body
Authors: Collingwood-Selby Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

The 2019 revolt in Chile touched and exposed the mythical violence involved in the establishment and preservation of political-legal orders (Benjamin). The demand for the New Constitution and the (ineffective?) process of its elaboration could have been key moments of that exposition, but never its final destination or the legal body in which the revolt could have been hosted and translated. It was not the demands of the revolt that put the established legal-political order in check but the constitution without Constitution of a collective and vital political power (potencia) that, once and again, resisted being subjected by force—by the force of instituted law—to the legal-political pact within whose framework it was supposedly irrevocably destined to move, be recognized, and raise its demands.
Revolt/Performance: The Performative Pause
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: July 2023

In posthumous speculation, the 2019 Chilean revolt, rather than suggesting a limit to the neoliberal trace, seems to constitute a reset that is conducive to its deployment. This article develops a “second degree” reading in which it is no longer a matter of the antagonism between revolt and neoliberalism but, rather, a sort of revolt/neoliberalism fold that shifts from stabilizing in institutional functionings to convulsing in revolt. Along with the revolt's character of “neoliberal reset,” a possible additional force within it, a mutant, performáncia (pure performance) residue, irreducible to neoliberal performativity, is taken into account.
The Double Democratic Bind: Challenges to Enacting Mandates and Combating Misinformation
Authors: Boräng Frida , Carlitz Ruth
Published: July 2023

Context: Wealthy countries vary considerably in terms of how well they have been able to inoculate their populations against COVID-19. In particular, democracies have been constrained in their abilities to implement vaccine mandates, given enshrined protections of civil liberties and individual freedom in such regimes. While scholars have begun addressing the democratic constraint on vaccine mandates, less attention has been paid to the additional challenges democracies face in constraining the spread of vaccine misinformation—particularly misinformation that spreads online.

Methods: This study combines large-N cross-country analysis with a case study of Germany to illustrate the “double bind” that democracies face when it comes to containing both the spread of disease and the spread of misinformation through social media.

Findings: The cross-national analysis confirms that democracies have been less likely to enact vaccine mandates, and they have also been relatively more hesitant to restrict what people can see and share online. The case study of Germany highlights the normative and the procedural constraints underlying such decisions.

Conclusions: These findings show that resources are often not the binding constraint on effective disease control, raising questions regarding the ability of high-income democracies to respond effectively to future public health emergencies.
Clinical and Imaging Outcomes After Trigeminal Schwannoma Radiosurgery: Results From a Multicenter, International Cohort Study
Authors: Niranjan Ajay , Faramand Andrew , Raju Sudesh S. , Lee Cheng-chia , Yang Huai-che , Nabeel Ahmed M. , Tawadros Sameh R. , El-Shehaby Amr M. N. , Abdelkarim Khaled , Emad Reem M. , Reda Wael A. , Álvarez Roberto Martínez , Moreno Nuria E. Martínez , Liscak Roman , May Jaromir , Mathieu David , Langlois Anne-Marie , Snyder M. Harrison , Shepard Matthew J. , Sheehan Jason , Muhsen Baha'eddin A. , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Barnett Gene , Kondziolka Douglas , Golfinos John G. , Attuati Luca , Picozzi Piero , McInerney James , Daggubati Lekhaj Chand , Warnick Ronald E. , Feliciano Caleb E. , Carro Eric , McCarthy David , Starke Robert M. , Landy Howard J. , Cifarelli Christopher P. , Vargo John A. , Flickinger John , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

An international, multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and tumor control rates after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal schwannoma.

METHODS:

Patient data (N = 309) were collected from 14 international radiosurgery centers. The median patient age was 50 years (range 11-87 years). Sixty patients (19%) had prior resections. Abnormal facial sensation was the commonest complaint (49%). The anatomic locations were root (N = 40), ganglion (N = 141), or dumbbell type (N = 128). The median tumor volume was 4 cc (range, 0.2-30.1 cc), and median margin dose was 13 Gy (range, 10-20 Gy). Factors associated with tumor control, symptom improvement, and adverse radiation events were assessed.

RESULTS:

The median and mean time to last follow-up was 49 and 65 months (range 6–242 months). Greater than 5-year follow-up was available for 139 patients (45%), and 50 patients (16%) had longer than 10-year follow-up. The overall tumor control rate was 94.5%. Tumors regressed in 146 patients (47.2%), remained unchanged in 128 patients (41.4%), and stabilized after initial expansion in 20 patients (6.5%). Progression-free survival rates at 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years were 91%, 86%, and 80 %. Smaller tumor volume (less than 8 cc) was associated with significantly better progression-free survival (P = .02). Seventeen patients with sustained growth underwent further intervention at a median of 27 months (3-144 months). Symptom improvement was noted in 140 patients (45%) at a median of 7 months. In multivariate analysis primary, SRS (P = .003) and smaller tumor volume (P = .01) were associated with better symptom improvement. Adverse radiation events were documented in 29 patients (9%).

CONCLUSION:

SRS was associated with long-term freedom (10 year) from additional management in 80% of patients. SRS proved to be a valuable salvage option after resection. When used as a primary management for smaller volume tumors, both clinical improvement and prevention of new deficits were optimized.
Application of the Robotic-Assisted Digital Exoscope for Resection of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Adults: A Series of 45 Cases
Authors: Price Gabrielle , Schupper Alexander , Kalagara Roshini , Chennareddy Susmita , He Celestine , Zhang Jack Yin , Sudhir Sweta , Rentzeperis Frederika , Wanna George , Hadjipanayis Constantinos
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Complete safe resection is the goal when pursuing surgical treatment for posterior fossa (PF) tumors. Efforts have led to the development of the exoscope that delineates tumors from non-neoplastic brain. This investigation aims to assess patient outcomes where PF tumor resection is performed with the exoscope by a retromastoid or suboccipital approach.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted for patients with PF tumors who underwent exoscope resection from 2017 to 2022. Patient demographics, clinical, operative, and outcome findings were collected. Extent of resection studies were also performed. Associations between perioperative data, discharge disposition, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

RESULTS:

A total of 45 patients (22 male patients) with a median age of 57 years were assessed. Eighteen (40%) and 27 patients (60%) were diagnosed with malignant and benign tumors, respectively. Tumor neurovascular involvement was found in 28 patients (62%). Twenty-four (53%) and 20 (44%) tumors formed in the cerebellum and cerebellopontine angle cistern, respectively. One tumor (2%) was found in the cervicomedullary junction. The mean extent of resection was 96.7% for benign and malignant tumors. The PFS and OS rate at 6 months (PFS6, OS6) was 89.7% and 95.5%, respectively. Neurological complications included sensory loss and motor deficit, with 11 patients reporting no postoperative symptoms. Of the neurological complications, 14 were temporary and 9 were permanent.

CONCLUSION:

The exoscope is an effective intraoperative visualization tool for delineating PF tumors. In our series, we achieved low postoperative tumor volumes and a high gross total resection rate.
SWI/SNF complexes are required for retinal pigmented epithelium differentiation and for the inhibition of cell proliferation and neural differentiation programs
Authors: Ovadia Shai , Cui Guizhong , Elkon Ran , Cohen-Gulkar Mazal , Zuk-Bar Nitay , Tuoc Tran , Jing Naihe , Ashery-Padan Ruth
Published: July 2023

During embryonic development, tissue-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodelers function together to ensure gradual, coordinated differentiation of multiple lineages. Here, we define this regulatory interplay in the developing retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a neuroectodermal lineage essential for the development, function and maintenance of the adjacent retina. We present a high-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the developing mouse RPE and the adjacent ocular mesenchyme obtained by geographical position sequencing (Geo-seq) of a single developmental stage of the eye that encompasses young and more mature ocular progenitors. These transcriptomic data, available online, reveal the key transcription factors and their gene regulatory networks during RPE and ocular mesenchyme differentiation. Moreover, conditional inactivation followed by Geo-seq revealed that this differentiation program is dependent on the activity of SWI/SNF complexes, shown here to control the expression and activity of RPE transcription factors and, at the same time, inhibit neural progenitor and cell proliferation genes. The findings reveal the roles of the SWI/SNF complexes in controlling the intersection between RPE and neural cell fates and the coupling of cell-cycle exit and differentiation.
Knockout of all ErbB-family genes delineates their roles in proliferation, survival and migration
Authors: Matsuda Kimiya , Hirayama Daiki , Hino Naoya , Kuno Sota , Sakaue-Sawano Asako , Miyawaki Atsushi , Matsuda Michiyuki , Terai Kenta
Published: July 2023

The ErbB-family receptors play pivotal roles in the proliferation, migration and survival of epithelial cells. Because our knowledge on the ErbB-family receptors has been largely obtained by the exogenous application of their ligands, it remains unknown to what extent each of the ErbB members contributes to these outputs. We here knocked out each ErbB gene, various combinations of ErbB genes or all ErbB genes in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells to delineate the contribution of each gene. ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2, also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) activation waves during collective cell migration were mediated primarily by ErbB1 and secondarily by the ErbB2 and ErbB3 heterodimer. Either ErbB1 or the ErbB2 and ErbB3 complex was sufficient for the G1/S progression. The saturation cell density was markedly reduced in cells deficient in all ErbB proteins, but not in cells retaining only ErbB2, which cannot bind to ligands. Thus, a ligand-independent ErbB2 activity is sufficient for preventing apoptosis at high cell density. In short, systematic knockout of ErbB-family genes has delineated the roles of each ErbB receptor.
Low tension recruits the yeast Aurora B protein Ipl1 to centromeres in metaphase
Authors: Edgerton Heather D. , Mukherjee Soumya , Johansson Marnie , Bachant Jeff , Gardner Melissa K. , Clarke Duncan J.
Published: July 2023

Accurate genome segregation in mitosis requires that all chromosomes are bioriented on the spindle. Cells monitor biorientation by sensing tension across sister centromeres. Chromosomes that are not bioriented have low centromere tension, which allows Aurora B (yeast Ipl1) to perform error correction that locally loosens kinetochore–microtubule attachments to allow detachment of microtubules and fresh attempts at achieving biorientation. However, it is not known whether low tension recruits Aurora B to centromeres or, alternatively, whether low tension directly activates Aurora B already localized at centromeres. In this work, we experimentally induced low tension in metaphase Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, then monitored Ipl1 localization. We find low tension recruits Ipl1 to centromeres. Furthermore, low tension-induced Ipl1 recruitment depended on Bub1, which is known to provide a binding site for Ipl1. In contrast, Top2, which can also recruit Ipl1 to centromeres, was not required. Our results demonstrate cells are sensitive to low tension at centromeres and respond by actively recruiting Ip1l for error correction.
Cancer Stem Cells Persist Despite Cellular Damage, Emergence of the Refractory Cell Population
Authors: Nagae Ayumi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Fujino Shiki , Horie Masafumi , Yachida Shinichi , Sasaki Masaru , Sekido Yuki , Hata Tsuyoshi , Hamabe Atsushi , Ogino Takayuki , Takahashi Hidekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for chemotherapy resistance and have unique properties that protect them from chemotherapy. Investigating CSCs may help to identify the population that is more resistant to treatments, leading to recurrence. We evaluated persisting CSCs, emerging after chemotherapy that cause tumor recurrence.

Methods

Using human colorectal cancer organoids prepared from surgical specimens, we looked at changes in CSCs, the emergence and changes in the original population, which single-cell analysis identified.

Results

With regards to changes in cancer stem cell markers, CD44 showed low levels after 5-fluorouracil administration. Once the CD44-ve population was sorted and cultured, the CD44+ve population gradually emerged, and the CD44-ve population decreased. Compared with the CD44-ve population of an organoid parent, the CD44-ve population proliferated after chemotherapeutic agent stimulation. The CD44-ve population was derived from the CD44+ve population before chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, when the CD44 variants were evaluated, the CD44v9 population remained. In single-cell analysis, we found that POU5F1 was highly expressed in the CD44low population. Velocity analysis showed that the CD44-ve population was induced after chemotherapy and expressed POU5F1. POU5F1-EGFP-Casp9 transfected organoids resulted in the appearance of a CD44-ve population after administration of a chemotherapeutic reagent. Both in vivo and in vitro, the dimerizer administration inhibited tumor growth significantly.

Conclusions

POU5F1 is involved in chemotherapy resistance in relation to stemness. For the treatment against refractory tumors, such as the recurrence after chemotherapy, the treatment should target the emerging specific population such as CD44 (or CD44v9) and proliferative cancer cells.
Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions
Authors: de Walque Damien , Valente Christine
Published: July 2023

Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentivization and information. If children have private information, (i) providing attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves parental monitoring and has a large effect relative to our CCT. Incentivizing children is at least as effective as incentivizing parents––importantly, not because parents were able to appropriate transfers to children. (JEL D82, D83, I21, I22, I28, L31, O15)
Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity
Authors: Bagues Manuel , Roth Christopher
Published: July 2023

We study the long-run effects of contact with individuals from other regions in early adulthood on preferences, beliefs, and national identity. We combine a natural experiment, the random assignment of male conscripts to different locations throughout Spain, with tailored survey data. Being randomly assigned to complete military service outside of one’s region of residence fosters contact with conscripts from other regions and increases sympathy and trust toward people from the region of service, as measured decades later. We also observe a long-lasting increase in identification with Spain for individuals originating from regions with strong peripheral nationalism. (JEL D12, D83, D91, J45, R23, Z13.)
ACE—Analytic Climate Economy
Authors: Traeger Christian P.
Published: July 2023

I study optimal carbon taxation in an analytic quantitative integrated assessment model (IAM) that links IAM components, parametric assumptions, and calibration approaches directly to their policy impacts. I show how temperature’s tax impact differs from that of previously analytically modeled carbon dynamics. Novel to analytic IAMs are a general economy, energy sectors including capital, varying degrees of substitutability across energy sources, an approximation of capital persistence, objective functions that include CES preferences and population weighting, and an explicit model of the greenhouse effect and ocean-atmosphere temperature dynamics. The paper enables economists to develop better-informed opinions about the social cost of carbon. (JEL H23, H43, Q54, Q58)
How many university students perceive themselves to be overweight/obese and how many have eating disorders during remote education due to COVID-19? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Goicochea-Palomino Eliane A. , Moya-Salazar María Jesús S. , Rojas-Zumaran Víctor , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a health crisis worldwide that ended up affecting the daily lives of university students. Considering prevention strategies for contagion and decreased physical activity, altered perceptions of body image were seen that may negatively disrupt their eating habits.  

Methods:  Our cross-sectional survey-based study (N=180) had the objective to determine the association between body image perception and the risk of eating disorders in university students during the pandemic. We surveyed male and female university students aged 18-35 years using the Montero Anatomical Models questionnaire and the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) as instruments.  

Results: Most of the university students were female (67.8%) with an average age of 22.8±3.9 years. 51.1% perceived themselves as overweight and 53.9% were at low risk of an eating disorder. This mainly affected women (47.5%), the 21-30 age group (43.2%), and those who perceived themselves as underweight (58.9%) or obese (50%). Likewise, we found differences in body image perception between genders (p=0.009), and no association was found between body image and eating disorders (p=0.661). 

Conclusion: Even though most university students perceived themselves as overweight, they had a low risk of an eating disorder. Considering the influence that body image perception has on their lifestyle, it is necessary to promote healthy eating habits and self-esteem strategies to prevent the appearance of eating disorders due to body dissatisfaction in the context of the “new normal”.
Methodology of Moral and Religious Neo-Institutionalism for the National Education System in Russia (Consistency, Balance and Morality)
Authors: Privalov Nikolay , Bashmakova Natal'ya
Published: July 2023

The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of the Russian education system and, above all, the ideology and general methodology of teaching in the field of humanities. The purpose of the study is to formulate new principles as part of the author's methodology of training courses for higher education in the conditions of Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process and the formation of a national educational system.

The modern education system is the result of many trends in the development of society — and above all secularization, the separation of science from religion and the development of the positivist nature of scientific knowledge. The crisis of modern education is a manifestation of the crisis of positivist science and the global crisis. Russia was the first in the world among non-Muslim countries to publicly declare the rejection of liberal principles of social structure. The paper proposes a new methodology — moral and religious neo-institutionalism, containing three main principles — system, balance and morality. The latest practical result of its implementation is the launch of the publication of the INFRA-M publishing house of a series of books "Russian University Textbook on Economics and Management" intended for master's degree (advanced level). Among them the textbook "Economic theory. Russian Economics" took the first place in the international academic course "Academus" in the nomination "Economics and Management".
Psychological features of patriotic education police officers of the Russian Federation
Authors: Dobrynina Oksana
Published: July 2023

Within the framework of this article, we examined the main features of the education of patriotism among law enforcement officers from a psychological point of view. In particular, we analyzed the patterns that affect the development of positive, creative patriotism among law enforcement officers, which we noticed during educational work. In addition, we briefly described the key elements of the patterns of patriotism education for both future and current law enforcement officers, developed a number of recommendations for a more productive organization of educational activities.

The problem statement: serving in law enforcement agencies implies the presence of specific moral and mental qualities among police officers, which are designed to ensure firm stamina and an objective position of the individual. This is vital, since law enforcement requires endurance, confidence and courage. All these qualities, of course, reasonably place risks and priorities in the process of fulfilling military-political tasks while on combat duty.

The purpose of the study: to study the psychological characteristics of patriotic education of police officers of the Russian Federation

The research methods: dialectics, hermeneutics, synergetics, philosophical conceptology.

The results and key conclusions: in the course of the study, they were able to outline the likely difficulties and erroneous actions that may arise in the process of relaying the ideas of patriotism. This made it possible to provide a methodological substantiation of the need for the relevance of educating patriotism for the personality of a law enforcement officer: both in everyday life and in the course of service. A high level of patriotism provides counteraction to swindlers, terrorists, and makes it possible to carry out military and political tasks of national importance with high quality.
Self-assessment of managerial restrictions among the heads of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Maltseva Tatyana
Published: July 2023

The subject of research in this article is the managerial restrictions of the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of managerial restrictions among the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodology of the work was based on the subject-system approach. The research methods were the test method (questionnaire "Self-assessment of managerial restrictions") and mathematical processing of the obtained data. The study involved 197 respondents. The results of 17 respondents were not taken into account due to the impossibility of data processing. The study involved the heads of structural units of territorial, educational, scientific, medical organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and their deputies from 73 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Self-assessment of managerial restrictions revealed that with an increase in seniority in the position of a leader, destructive changes occur: firstly, in the value system, namely its narrowing and inconsistency with the conditions of official life; secondly, the goals of personal or professional life become less realistic and compatible with the conditions of modern service and life; thirdly, the leader becomes immune to new situations and opportunities, the ability to solve modern professional problems decreases; as well as the ability to generate enough new ideas and the ability to implement new ideas.
FORMATION OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCIES AMONG CADETS BASED ON INTEGRATIVE APPROACH WHEN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Frideriks Aleksandr
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the current issue of the formation of universal competencies among cadets of the Branch of the Military Academy of Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great in Serpukhov when studying foreign language, the essence of communicative competence and competence of intercultural interaction and their value for the development of the personality of future rocket officers are described. The annual increasing importance and at the same time the need to learn a foreign language in the modern world was noted, the problem of reducing the motivation of students and the importance of finding an approach to future military specialists in order to increase their level of interest in professional and personal growth were described. To form the universal competencies, an integrative approach was chosen as the leader, its characteristics and structure were given based on analyzed scientific research in the field of pedagogical integration. The result of pedagogical integration is supposed to increase the level of formation of the universal competencies. Based on the knowledge gained, the methodological basis for the design of the integrative model is presented. The design of the training model for cadets in the discipline was carried out taking into account the implementation of integrative processes at four levels: inter-subject, intra-subject, interpersonal and intra-person. The principle of integration was chosen as the leading principle of modeling the content and course of training of cadets, which ensures the effective achievement of the goals of the educational process by forming an integral idea of the discipline "Foreign Language" as an integral part of education in the university as a whole. The article justifies the need to use an integrative approach to form the universal competencies in a military university among cadets when studying English. The model at the four integration levels is represented graphically. Conclusions were made about the further practical development of the studies obtained.
ORGANIZATION OF ADDITIONAL SERVICES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON EDUCATIONAL ROBOTICS
Authors: Ryazanova Zoya
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of educational robotics as one of the important modern technologies that has been increasingly used in the preschool education system in recent years. It provides methods and forms of organizing additional services in preschool educational institutions for educational robotics in different age groups. In recent decades, in the field of pedagogical preschool education, great attention has been paid to the development of practical activities of the child in the field of educational robotics. This is due to the fact that modern society needs intelligent personnel engaged in the development of automated technical systems. Educational robotics in the preschool education system is an ideal combination of children's development with entertainment. The direction of educational robotics, as the most entertaining and attractive, reflects the actual level of the current existence of preschool childhood, increases the possibilities of its comprehensibility and accessibility, while analyzing the qualitative characteristics of preschool education, contributes to its improvement at the present stage. In addition to all this, the nature of education in a modern preschool educational institution is also changing significantly, therefore, additional services contribute to the formation of appropriate conditions aimed at more intensive development of the personality of a preschool child, which the basic educational program of a preschool educational institution cannot always provide.
The production of language signs and their role in improving the effectiveness of foreign language teaching
Authors: Bashlueva Natalya
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study is to investigate the conditions and patterns that are involved in the production of new language signs in the communication process. The article discusses two main models of the production of sign-forming structures. The first model includes grammatical structures, the second we will call "semi-finished signs". The methodology of teaching a foreign language requires a clear understanding of the process of producing sign-forming structures and their interaction. Grammatical structure is the foundation of any language sign. A language sign represents words, syntagmas, sentences, or messages. Grammar is related to mathematics. Formulas in algebra are similar to grammatical structures. The sign-forming grammatical structure, like a real linguistic sign, has not only a form ("signifier"), but also a content ("signified"). The article formulates the prerequisites that actualize the question of the need for the importance of studying the conditions and patterns that affect the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language. Special attention is paid to the question of the universality of grammatical structures. Universality implies the replacement of various constituent elements in grammatical formulas. The meaning of the grammatical structure is that it has a certain range of productivity, characterized by those groups of signs (and sometimes even specific signs) that can be used in them as wildcard elements. The tasks of developing a classification of data on the grammatical structure and the advantages and disadvantages of its use are defined. The logical result of the study was the conclusion that the production of new signs in communication almost never occurs through the conscious use of grammatical means; speakers and writers usually do not realize any account of the sign-forming means that they use and in most cases do not have the slightest idea about them. It should be emphasized that there is only one mechanism and only one psychology of sign formation, common to native and foreign languages, for children and adults; only the process of mastering it can be different.
State participation in the development of high-tech industries as the basis for ensuring the technological sovereignty of the country
Authors: Polosin A. , Baydarov D. , Faikov Dmitriy
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this work is the author's assessment of the measures taken by the authorities aimed at the formation of technological sovereignty as part of a new economic and political model of society. The article is based on the principles of system analysis, the methods of factor analysis and logical modeling are also used. Based on the theoretical and empirical studies conducted, it is shown that technological sovereignty is a relatively new category, the study of which should be carried out at the intersection of political and economic sciences. In economic terms, technological sovereignty is based on the ability of the state to create critical, promising technologies and organize production based on them. It is revealed that the formation of technological sovereignty requires state participation in the economy. In particular, in such areas as planning technological and industrial development, identifying priority areas of research and production and forming a list of critical technologies, financing priority areas and projects, creating institutional conditions for technological development, protecting national researchers and manufacturers, developing science and education, etc. The analysis showed that currently work has begun in the country in almost all these areas, but most often not actively enough. It is concluded that these aspects of state participation can be represented as elements of an emerging new economic model that strengthens the regulatory role of the state in the economy, while preserving the basic principles and niches for market relations.
Mapping the Accidents and Unsafe Conditions of Workers in the Automotive Sector
Authors: Pereira da Silva Ana Carolina , Pasini Virgínia Duarte , Cabrera Aguilera Maria Victoria , Bastos da Fonseca Bernardo , De Souza Sampaio Nilo Antonio , Da Motta Reis José Salvador , Santos Gilberto , Ferreira Motta Barbosa Luis Cesar
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Their production processes involve several risks and repetitive tasks and adoption of penalizing postures, which can cause musculoskeletal disorders and occupational accidents. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the situation of Occupational Health and Safety in the automotive sector in the Agulhas Negras region and in Brazil.
Methodology/Approach: For this bibliographic research was carried out to characterize and define the processes and concepts pertinent to the economic activities of the sector; collect and treat the most frequently registered data and elaborate a comparative study for better visualization of the scenarios.
Findings: The result was the identification of different behaviours of the curves, which showed the national scenario being linear and constant, while the regional one proved to be unstable, with many variations over the years.
Research Limitation/Implication: The research was developed in a region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, and it is recommended to conduct a global survey.
Originality/Value of paper: The analysis of the characteristics of occupational accidents, with the most frequent type of injury, the most affected body parts, the groups of causative agents, and the most notified occupations in accidents.