bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political attitudes and voting among unemployed and employed youth
Authors: Banks Michael H. , Ullah Philip
Published: October 2006

This study investigated the political involvement of a sample of 1294 young people aged 17–18 years old. Seventeen per cent were employed and 83 per cent were unemployed, and the sample included males and females, blacks and whites. When compared with the employed, the unemployed were more disaffected with the political system, more likely to support the Labour Party, less likely to support the Conservative Party, more likely to have voted Labour in the 1983 General Election, and less likely to have voted Conservative. Ethnic comparisons indicated that blacks were more politically disaffected than whites, were more likely than whites to express support for the Labour Party, and were more likely to vote Labour in the 1983 General Election. The only major sex difference was amongst whites, such that males were more likely to support the National Front, and females more likely to support Labour. Results are interpreted as indicating increased detachment from the main political system for some unemployed young people, and with increased attachment to Labour politics among others.
Genre and loans: English words in an Italian newspaper
Authors: Robinson Ian
Published: October 2006

‘Botti vietati agli under 14,’ La Repubblica, 29 Dec 03. The aim of this work is to examine the use of English loan words in a specific genre of language: parts of an Italian newspaper. In essence, it looks at how English is encroaching on one among many languages – and occurring in their texts. The key question is: ‘In a specific context, what are loanwords?’, in terms of which we will consider genre as it is exemplified in newspapers, following which there is an analysis of loan words used in the different sections of an Italian newspaper
Japanized English, its context and socio-historical background
Authors: Koscielecki Marek
Published: October 2006

Japan not only borrows words from English; it often changes them radically. The present study reviews both the historical background to contact between English and Japanese and the periods in which English loans entered the Japanese language. Such loans are particularly significant sociolinguistically because they shed light on the exposure of the Japanese to English since they opened up to the world. Discussing the inflow of such borrowings both provides a background to the many English-derived words currently in daily use in Japanese and makes a broader point about the adoption of loanwords as a cultural process involving both acculturation and deculturation.
Distrust, Dependency and Détente: Norway, the Two Germanys and ‘the German Question’, 1945–1973
Authors: FRØLAND HANS OTTO
Published: October 2006

This article highlights the extent to which Norway's policies towards the two Germanys and ‘the German question’ were anchored in its perception of ‘the German problem’. While the Cold War overshadowed Norway's relations with the GDR, ‘the German problem’ prevailed in its relations with the FRG well into the 1960s. Norwegian dependence nevertheless forced it to support West German reconstruction, rearmament and sovereignty. Relations with Bonn were a perennial political minefield. While Norway loyally followed NATO's restrictive policy towards the GDR, from the early 1960s politicians saw that this stood in the way of détente. Bonn's new Ostpolitik in the late 1960s allowed for political rapprochement between Oslo and Bonn and held out the hope of achieving the long-awaited rapprochement with East Berlin.
Zur Effektivität von Fördermethoden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Lernstörungen
Authors: Grünke Matthias
Published: October 2006

Zusammenfassung. Zur Effektivität von Interventionsansätzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Lernstörungen existieren mittlerweile nicht nur zahllose Einzelstudien, sondern bereits auch sehr viele zusammenfassende Überblicksarbeiten in Form von Metaanalysen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, alle diese einschlägigen Konglomerate zu sichten und daraus allgemeine Aussagen über den Nutzen von Ansätzen zur Lernförderung zu formulieren. Die Ergebnisse aus 26 identifizierten Metaanalysen weisen die Direkte Instruktion, die Strategieinstruktion, das Selbstinstruktionstraining, das Tutorielle Lernen und eine computergestützte Förderung insgesamt als die effektivsten Methoden aus. Ein freies, entdeckendes, kindzentriertes und konstruktivistisches Vorgehen bzw. konkrete Konzepte aus dem Bereich der Wahrnehmungstrainings, der psychomotorischen Förderung sowie der Musik- und Kunsttherapie erscheinen hingegen weit weniger angebracht zu sein. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Praxis wird diskutiert.
Psychologische Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Kaluza Gert
Published: October 2006

Zusammenfassung. Gesundheitspsychologisch fundierte und hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit überprüfte Interventionsprogramme zur Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung stellen als “Produkte“ der angewandten gesundheitspsychologischen Forschung eine wichtige Grundlage für eine gesundheitspsychologische berufliche Praxis dar. Welche Programme existieren derzeit? Welche Zielgruppen werden mit welchen Zielsetzungen angesprochen? Welche Interventionsmethoden werden eingesetzt und welche empirischen Effektivitätsnachweise liegen vor? Der Artikel stellt auf der Basis einer Umfrage, die unter den Mitgliedern der Fachgruppen Gesundheitspsychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie der DGPs sowie der Sektion Gesundheitspsychologie des BDP durchgeführt wurde, eine Sammlung von 20 empirisch evaluierten Interventionsprogrammen zur Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung im Erwachsenenalter vor.
Macrostructure of collisionless bow shocks: 2. ULF waves in the foreshock and magnetosheath
Authors: Blanco‐Cano X. , Omidi N. , Russell C. T.
Published: October 2006

We perform global hybrid (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) simulations of the solar wind coupling with magnetic dipoles of different strength and study foreshock morphology and its influence on the bow shock and magnetosheath. The advantage of the hybrid code over fluid codes is that it treats ion‐scale microphysics in the context of the global interaction. We study the characteristics of the ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves generated by kinetic instabilities and find two types of waves: (1) sinusoidal almost parallel propagating waves and (2) highly compressive obliquely propagating fluctuations. In contrast to suggestions made in the past, we show that compressive waves found near the shock do not evolve from the sinusoidal wave population but rather are generated by a different ion population. We find that the sinusoidal waves are generated by field‐aligned backstreaming ions, while the compressive waves near the shock are generated by gyrating ion beams closer to the shock. Our results show that, for low dipole magnetization, noncompressive waves dominate the foreshock, while compressive waves grow just in a very small region and do not have time to evolve, so no quasi‐parallel shock is formed. In contrast, when the system scale size is much larger than an ion inertial length, highly compressive waves convect into the quasi‐parallel region, evolving into large steepened structures that eventually form the shock transition. These waves play an active role in shock dissipation processes and eventually form part of the wave spectra in the magnetosheath. Comparison of our results with observations shows that the characteristics of sinusoidal waves in our simulations resemble the properties of 30‐s sinusoidal quasi‐monochromatic waves in the Earth's foreshock, while compressive waves have similar properties to the observed right‐handed steepened fluctuations. Downstream from the shock, the magnetosheath is permeated by a variety of waves that result from the convection of upstream waves and also from local generation. The wave characteristics are different in the quasi‐parallel and quasi‐perpendicular parts of the magnetosheath.
Deformation and permeability of aggregated soft earth materials
Authors: Eggers C. G. , Berli M. , Accorsi M. L. , Or D.
Published: October 2006

This study develops a framework for modeling deformation of individual pores in elastoviscoplastic earth material accounting for the effects of evolving pore size and shape on material hydraulic permeability. We describe the velocity field of a fluid within deforming pores of hypotrochoidal cross‐sectional areas as a function of remote stress or deformation and elastoviscoplastic material properties using finite element analysis. We find that pore permeability decreases with increasing stress and deformation. Pore cross‐sectional areas are mainly reduced in size while the shape remains constant. Under stress‐controlled conditions, change in permeability depends on matrix constitutive laws and loading time while there is no such dependency for controlled strain. Permeability estimates based on the hydraulic radius, Saint‐Venant, and Aissen approximations were in good agreement with numerical calculations for a deforming hypotrochoidal pore. We also show that permeability of a deforming hypotrochoidal pore can be modeled using a pore with equivalent elliptical cross‐sectional area (equal initial permeability and size), providing the ellipse has the correct orientation. The study shows that fluid flow in deforming elastoviscoplastic earth material can be modeled on the pore scale knowing the evolution of pore size and shape employing rather simple relations between pore cross‐sectional geometry and permeability.
A study of the relation between ocean storms and the Earth's hum
Authors: Rhie Junkee , Romanowicz Barbara
Published: October 2006

We previously showed that the Earth's “hum” is generated primarily in the northern oceans during the northern hemisphere winter and in the southern oceans during the summer. To gain further insight into the process that converts ocean storm energy into elastic energy through coupling of ocean waves with the seafloor, we here investigate a 4‐day‐long time window in the year 2000 that is free of large earthquakes but contains two large “hum” events. From a comparison of the time functions of two events and their relative arrival times at the two arrays in California and Japan, we infer that the generation of the “hum” events occurs close to shore and comprises three elements: (1) short‐period ocean waves interact nonlinearly to produce infragravity waves as the storm reaches the coast of North America; (2) infragravity waves interact with the seafloor locally to generate long‐period Rayleigh waves; and (3) some free infragravity wave energy radiates out into the open ocean, propagates across the north Pacific basin, and couples to the seafloor when it reaches distant coasts northeast of Japan. We also compare the yearly fluctuations in the amplitudes observed on the two arrays in the low‐frequency “hum” band (specifically at 240 s) and in the microseismic band (2–25 s). During the winter, strong correlation between the amplitude fluctuations in the “hum” and microseismic bands at BDSN is consistent with a common generation mechanism of both types of seismic noise from nonlinear interaction of ocean waves near the west coast of North America.
MODIS observed seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric conditions associated with hydrological cycle over Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Jin Menglin
Published: October 2006

This paper aims to provide a prototype research of how MODIS observations can help to better understand surface and atmosphere conditions over the Tibetan Plateau. Snow melt and summer rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau provide the origin for most of the rivers in South Asia. Therefore, adequately monitoring as many components of the hydrological cycle as possible over the Tibetan Plateau can make major contributions to predictions of drought/flood in the surrounding countries. Observing large, inaccessible high plateau regions is one unique advantage of satellite remote sensing. In this paper, five years (2000–2005) of aerosols, clouds, water vapor and cirrus observations measured by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reveal distinct seasonality and inter‐annual variations over the Tibetan Plateau. Quantitative understanding of these atmospheric conditions is the first step for simulating land‐atmosphere water budget and predicting snow coverage.
Delayed coastal upwelling along the U.S. West Coast in 2005: A historical perspective
Authors: Schwing Franklin B. , Bond Nicholas A. , Bograd Steven J. , Mitchell Todd , Alexander Michael A. , Mantua Nathan
Published: October 2006

The timing of the onset of coastal upwelling in spring and its intensity over the upwelling season are critical factors in the productivity and structure of the California Current ecosystem (CCE). We use an index of coastal upwelling to characterize physical forcing over the latitudinal extent of the CCE, and compare the evolution of the upwelling season in 2005 with previous years. The onset of coastal upwelling in 2005 in the northern California Current was delayed by 2–3 months. Upwelling was stronger than normal in the latter part of the upwelling season, allowing the cumulative upwelling to reach the climatological mean by fall. Although physical conditions were unusual in 2005, they were not unprecedented in the historical record. However, the timing and strength of coastal upwelling is a critical ecological factor, particularly for species whose life histories are closely tuned to the annual cycle. The unusual physical and biological conditions observed in spring 2005 illustrate the sensitivity of the CCE to possible future climate extremes.
Dengue‐virus‐infected dendritic cells trigger vascular leakage through metalloproteinase overproduction
Authors: Luplerdlop Natthanej , Missé Dorothée , Bray Dorothy , Deleuze Virginie , Gonzalez Jean‐Paul , Leardkamolkarn Vijittra , Yssel Hans , Veas Francisco
Published: October 2006

Dengue virus (DV) is an important re‐emerging arthropod‐borne virus of global significance. The defining characteristic of DV infection‐associated pathology is haemorrhagic fever, which often leads to a fatal shock‐like syndrome (DHF/DSS) owing to an increase in vascular endothelial permeability. Here, we show, in a viral dose‐dependent manner, that DV‐infected immature dendritic cells overproduce soluble gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9—and to a lesser extent MMP‐2—which enhances endothelial permeability, but which are reduced by specific inhibitors and a neutralizing anti‐MMP‐9 antibody. This permeability was associated with a loss of expression of the platelet endothelial adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM‐1) and vascular endothelium (VE)‐cadherin cell adhesion molecules and redistribution of F‐actin fibres. These in vitro observations were confirmed in an in vivo vascular‐leakage mouse model. These results provide a molecular basis for DHF/DSS that could be a basis for a general model of haemorrhagic fever‐inducing viruses, and identify a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of viral‐induced vascular leakage by specifically targeting gelatinolytic metalloproteases.
Itch/AIP4 mediates Deltex degradation through the formation of K29‐linked polyubiquitin chains
Authors: Chastagner Patricia , Israël Alain , Brou Christel
Published: October 2006

Deltex (DTX) and AIP4 are the human orthologues of the Drosophila deltex and Suppressor of deltex, which have been genetically described as being antagonistically involved in the Notch signalling pathway. Both genes encode E3 ubiquitin ligases of the RING (Really interesting new gene)‐H2 and HECT (Homologous to E6AP carboxyl terminus) families, respectively. In an attempt to understand the molecular basis of their genetic interactions, we studied the relationship between DTX and AIP4 in the absence of activation of the Notch pathway. We show here that both molecules interact and partially colocalize to endocytic vesicles, and that AIP4 targets DTX for lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, AIP4‐generated polyubiquitin chains are mainly conjugated through lysine 29 of ubiquitin in vivo, indicating a link between this type of chain and lysosomal degradation.
Numerical generation of hyperspherical harmonics for tetra-atomic systems
Authors: Lepetit Bruno , Wang Desheng , Kuppermann Aron
Published: October 2006

A numerical generation method of hyperspherical harmonics for tetra-atomic systems, in terms of row-orthonormal hyperspherical coordinates—a hyper-radius and eight angles—is presented. The nine-dimensional coordinate space is split into three three-dimensional spaces, the physical rotation, kinematic rotation, and kinematic invariant spaces. The eight-angle principal-axes-of-inertia hyperspherical harmonics are expanded in Wigner rotation matrices for the physical and kinematic rotation angles. The remaining two-angle harmonics defined in kinematic invariant space are expanded in a basis of trigonometric functions, and the diagonalization of the kinetic energy operator in this basis provides highly accurate harmonics. This trigonometric basis is chosen to provide a mathematically exact and finite expansion for the harmonics. Individually, each basis function does not satisfy appropriate boundary conditions at the poles of the kinetic energy operator; however, the numerically generated linear combination of these functions which constitutes the harmonic does. The size of this basis is minimized using the symmetries of the system, in particular, internal symmetries, involving different sets of coordinates in nine-dimensional space corresponding to the same physical configuration.
Assessment of new ex-vessel magnetic measurements in JET
Authors: Coccorese V. , Artaserse G. , Quercia A. , Chitarin G. , Murari A. , Gerasimov S. , Contributors JET EFDA
Published: October 2006

A new ex-vessel magnetic diagnostics was installed in JET during the 2005 shutdown with the objectives of (i) providing experimental data for better modeling of the iron in the axisymmetric codes for plasma equilibrium reconstruction and (ii) testing the reliability of direct field measurements from Hall probes. The latter is of great interest for future ITER-like devices, where long lasting flat top phases are expected, in a high neutron yield and a high temperature environment. The experimental data achieved during the restart phase were analyzed with the aid of simulation codes. Each individual signal was assessed for inclusion in the general JET diagnostics system. The system is ready for use in the 2006 experimental campaigns.
Gyrokinetic turbulent heating
Authors: Hinton F. L. , Waltz R. E.
Published: October 2006

Expressions for particle and energy fluxes and heating rates due to turbulence are derived. These fluxes and heating rates are identified from moments of an extended drift-kinetic equation for the equilibrium distribution function. These include neoclassical as well as turbulent diffusion and heating. Phase-space conservation is demonstrated, allowing the drift-kinetic equation to be expressed in conservative form. This facilitates taking moments with few approximations, mainly those consistent with drift kinetics for the equilibrium distribution function and the relative smallness of the fluctuations. The turbulent heating is uniquely defined by choosing the standard gyrokinetic definition for the energy flux. With this definition, most of the heating can be expressed in the form of ohmic heating from turbulent parallel and perpendicular current density perturbations. The latter current is identified with grad-B and curvature drifts, plus terms involving magnetic perturbations (which are smaller for low beta). A small contribution to the heating comes from the divergence of an energy flux that is dependent on the finite gyroradius of the ions. The fluxes and heating rates are expressed in a form that can be easily evaluated from gyrokinetic turbulence simulations.
Optical polarizer/isolator based on a rectangular waveguide with helical grooves
Authors: Shvets Gennady
Published: October 2006

A chirality-based approach to making a one-way waveguide that can be used as an optical isolator or a polarizer is described. The waveguide is rectangular, and chirality is introduced by making slanted rectangular grooves on the waveguide walls. Chirality of the waveguide manifests as a strong circular dichroism and is responsible for transmitting one circular polarization of light and reflecting the other. Optical isolation of the propagating circular polarization is accomplished when the chiral waveguide is placed in front of a nonchiral optical device. Even the crudest implementations of chirality are shown to exhibit significant circular dichroism.
Permalloy thin films exchange coupled to arrays of cobalt islands
Authors: Fraile Rodríguez A. , Heyderman L. J. , Nolting F. , Hoffmann A. , Pearson J. E. , Doeswijk L. M. , van den Boogaart M. A. F. , Brugger J.
Published: October 2006

Periodic arrays of elongated cobalt islands exchange coupled to continuous Permalloy thin films were fabricated using silicon nitride stencil masks and the magnetic spin configurations during magnetization reversal were studied with photoemission electron microscopy. The presence of cobalt islands results in a spatial modulation of the magnetic properties of the Permalloy films and domain walls positioned at the island boundaries. While magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements indicate differences depending on film thickness, the direct observations reveal two reversal mechanisms: formation of domains running between the islands and coherent rotation followed by propagation of a large domain.