bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migration und demokratische politische Kultur in Berlin – Antimuslimischer Rassismus als Gefahr für die Demokratie?
Authors: Celik Kazim , Pickel Gert
Published: December 2022

Mit den weltweiten Fluchtbewegungen 2015 rückte das Thema Migration erneut an die Spitze der virulenten gesellschaftlichen Themen und entfachte politische Auseinandersetzungen. Diese Konflikte waren dabei nur teilweise durch Migrant:innen ausgelöst. Zumeist führten Instrumentalisierungen durch Rechtspopulist:innen zu einer Zuspitzung der gesellschaftlichen Diskurse. Überhaupt sind die Erfolge des Rechtspopulismus in Europa wohl kaum ohne das „Feindbild“ Migration und Islam vorstellbar. In der Konsequenz kam es zu einer bis heute andauernden Polarisierung der Gesellschaft, die eine Gefahr für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt darstellt. Während Anhänger:innen des Rechtspopulismus Migrant:innen dafür verantwortlich machen, sehen viele andere Beobachter:innen den Grund für die Polarisierung auf rechtspopulistischer Seite. Deutlich wird dabei, dass Werthaltungen, insbesondere auch Ängste in der Bevölkerung für das Verständnis des Verhältnisses von Migration und Demokratie zentral sind. Unsere Forschungsfrage lautet deshalb: Wie wirken sich Einstellungen zu Migration sowie Haltungen von Migrant:innen auf die demokratische politische Kultur aus?

Diese Fragestellung lässt sich besonders gut in einer heterogenen Stadtgesellschaft wie Berlin untersuchen. Daher analysieren wir mit Daten des Berlin-Monitors 2019 Haltungen gegenüber und Haltungen von Migrant:innen unter Berücksichtigung ausgewählter politische und religiöse Aspekte. Theoretischer Hintergrund ist der demokratietheoretische Zugang der politischen Kulturforschung in Verbindung mit Ansätzen der Migrationssoziologie und der sozialpsychologischen Vorurteilsforschung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Religionszugehörigkeit eine bedeutende Funktion als Bezugspunkt für Prozesse der Kategorisierung, Stereotypisierung und Abwertung einnimmt. Ferner wird deutlich, dass antimuslimischer Rassismus die demokratische politische Kultur untergräbt und antidemokratische Einstellungen befördert. Dies gilt auch für religiös dogmatische bis fundamentalistische Einstellungen, die unter Berliner Muslim:innen in antisemitische Ressentiments und Ablehnung gegenüber nichtheteronormative Geschlechtsidentitäten münden können. Der Beitrag basiert neben dem Berlin-Monitor auch auf dem durch das BMBF geförderten Projekt „Radikaler Islam versus radikaler Anti-Islam“ und der Zusammenarbeit mit dem Forschungsinstitut „Gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt“.
Fabrication of Au-polymer hybrid colloids via a pH-modulated in situ reduction process for improved catalytic activity
Authors: Peng Jing , Tang Dongyan
Published: December 2022

Here, we reported a novel strategy for the controllable synthesis of Au nanoparticles within functional microgels. By simply mixing Au(Cl)4- ions with a microgel dispersion at room temperature for several hours, Au(III) ions were reduced into Au(0) nanoparticles on the surface of the microgels. Without the use of any additional reductant, the reduction of the Au(III) ions was realized and controlled by tuning the volume of the base solution as a result of the unique reductive 3-carbonyl-N-vinylcaprolactam structure inside the microgels. Moreover, the hybrid microgels showed efficient catalytic activities for the model reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol (Nip). These results revealed that the synthesis strategy of fabricating Au-polymer hybrids possesses great potential in the field of wastewater treatment.
The Logic of Governance in China
Authors: Zhou Xueguang
Published: December 2022

Drawing on more than a decade of fieldwork, The Logic of Governance in China develops a unified theoretical framework to explain how China's centralized political system maintains governance and how this process produces recognizable policy cycles that are obstacles to bureaucratic rationalization, professionalism, and rule of law. The book is unique for the overarching framework it develops; one that sheds light on the interconnectedness among apparently disparate phenomena such as the mobilizational state, bureaucratic muddling through, collusive behaviors, variable coupling between policymaking and implementation, inverted soft budget constraints, and collective action based on unorganized interests. An exemplary combination of theory-motivated fieldwork and empirically-informed theory development, this book offers an in-depth analysis of the institutions and mechanisms in the governance of China.
Large mode-2 internal solitary waves in three-layer flows
Authors: Doak A. , Barros R. , Milewski P.A.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate mode-2 solitary waves in a three-layer stratified flow model. Localised travelling wave solutions to both the fully nonlinear problem (Euler equations), and the three-layer Miyata–Choi–Camassa equations are found numerically and compared. Mode-2 solitary waves with speeds slower than the linear mode-1 long-wave speed are typically generalised solitary waves with infinite tails consisting of a resonant mode-1 periodic wave train. Herein, we evidence the existence of mode-2 embedded solitary waves, that is, we show that for specific values of the parameters, the amplitude of the oscillations in the tail are zero. For sufficiently thick middle layers, we also find branches of mode-2 solitary waves with speeds that extend beyond the mode-1 linear waves and are no longer embedded. In addition, we show how large amplitude embedded solitary waves are intimately linked to the conjugate states of the problem.
An English East India Company Ship's Crew in a Connected Seventeenth-Century World
Authors: Hunt Margaret R.
Published: December 2022

This contribution to the forum Gender, Intimate Networks, and Global Commerce in the Early Modern Period follows the career of a single late seventeenth-century English East India Company ship and her crew, in order to challenge the claim that long-haul ships were isolated spaces. Specifically, it looks at the many kinds of connections —intimate and otherwise—that characterised early modern ships and their crews. These included connections between and among sailors themselves, between ships at sea, and between ships’ crews and the diverse communities from which they came.
The Virtues of Interpretable Medical Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hatherley Joshua , Sparrow Robert , Howard Mark
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have demonstrated impressive performance across a variety of clinical tasks. However, notoriously, sometimes these systems are “black boxes.” The initial response in the literature was a demand for “explainable AI.” However, recently, several authors have suggested that making AI more explainable or “interpretable” is likely to be at the cost of the accuracy of these systems and that prioritizing interpretability in medical AI may constitute a “lethal prejudice.” In this article, we defend the value of interpretability in the context of the use of AI in medicine. Clinicians may prefer interpretable systems over more accurate black boxes, which in turn is sufficient to give designers of AI reason to prefer more interpretable systems in order to ensure that AI is adopted and its benefits realized. Moreover, clinicians may be justified in this preference. Achieving the downstream benefits from AI is critically dependent on how the outputs of these systems are interpreted by physicians and patients. A preference for the use of highly accurate black box AI systems, over less accurate but more interpretable systems, may itself constitute a form of lethal prejudice that may diminish the benefits of AI to—and perhaps even harm—patients.
Trends in der Zufriedenheit von Jugendlichen mit ihrer stationären psychiatrischen Behandlung: Eine Verlaufsanalyse über 7 Jahre
Authors: Schepker Renate , Keller Ferdinand , Fegert Jörg Michael
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung. Da Partizipation in der eigenen psychiatrischen Behandlung Jugendlicher sich mit zunehmender Bedeutung auch in der deutschen Gesetzgebung widerspiegelt, sollten Patientenzufriedenheitsbefragungen zunehmend eine Rolle spielen. Es wurden deswegen Veränderungen in Patientenzufriedenheitsbefragungen an insgesamt 6893 Patient_innen bei Entlassung aus zehn kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Kliniken mittels des Fragebogens zur Behandlungseinschätzung stationärer Therapie für Jugendliche (BesT-J) ausgewertet. Die Behandlungen erzielten eine gute Gesamtzufriedenheit, ohne dass über 7 Jahre eine Verbesserung eintrat. An sieben Kliniken wurden jährlich Befragungen durchgeführt und Differenzmaße zur Gesamtzufriedenheit bestimmt. Bei bereits guter Zufriedenheit mit der therapeutischen Beziehung verbesserte sich die Beziehung zu pädagogisch-pflegerischen Kräften im Untersuchungszeitraum. Entsprechend geänderter rechtlicher Vorgaben zu Patientenrechten und Freiheitsentziehung waren Verbesserungen in einigen Items der Partizipation und der Aufklärung (Zwangsmaßnahmen, abgesprochene Therapieziele) zu verzeichnen. Die Patient_innen waren mit der Aufklärung über ihre Erkrankung weniger zufrieden als mit der Aufklärung über die Medikation. Die mäßige Zufriedenheit mit Ausgangsregelungen verbesserte sich signifikant. Anders als die verbesserte Respektierung der Privatsphäre schnitten Umgebungsvariablen, Milieugestaltung sowie die Essensqualität wesentlich schlechter ab. Peerbeziehungen auf der Station erzielten Zufriedenheitswerte nahe der Gesamtzufriedenheit. Die Ergebnisse lassen Erfolge von Weiterbildungen in Psychotherapie und Sensibilisierung für Grenzüberschreitungen sowie hinsichtlich der Patientenrechte erkennen. Sie legen aber Verbesserungspotenziale hinsichtlich der Psychoedukation und der Ausgangsregelungen nahe. Ferner besteht aus Patientensicht ein erheblicher gestalterischer und baulicher Nachholbedarf.
Temperature Perception in the Blushing Region
Authors: Chen Huijing , D’Angelis Francesca , Qian Mingyi , Pohl Anna , Pohl Anna , Gerlach Alexander L.
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Background: Individuals with social phobia are characterized by a heightened sensitivity for physical symptom such as blushing. Objectives: We exploratorily examined whether blushing-fearful individuals with / without social phobia were more sensitive to perceiving facial temperature increases compared to healthy controls. Methods: 50 participants were tested using an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice task. A Peltier element was attached to the cheek and repeatedly warmed up in one of two phases. The participants’ task was to indicate in which of the two phases the temperature had increased. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, blushing-fearful individuals with social phobia ( n = 11) were less sensitive to facial temperature increases, i. e., exhibited higher temperature perception threshold, than the subclinical group ( n = 14) and healthy controls ( n = 23). Limitations: The preliminary nature of our study should be noted, and replication in a larger sample is warranted. Conclusions: The findings may be best understood within a predictive coding framework: Individuals with social phobia may rely on priors when assessing their physical symptoms to form an impression of their public self in social situations.
Don’t Keep It Too Simple
Authors: Rammstedt Beatrice , Roemer Lena , Danner Daniel , Lechner Clemens M.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: When formulating questionnaire items, generally accepted rules include: Keeping the wording as simple as possible and avoiding double-barreled items. However, the empirical basis for these rules is sparse. The present study aimed to systematically investigate in an experimental design whether simplifying items of a personality scale and avoiding double-barreled items (i.e., items that contain multiple stimuli) markedly increases psychometric quality. Specifically, we compared the original items of the Big Five Inventory-2 – most of which are either double-barreled or can be regarded as complexly formulated – with simplified versions of the items. We tested the two versions using a large, heterogeneous sample ( N = 2,234). The simplified versions did not possess better psychometric quality than their original counterparts; rather, they showed weaker factorial validity. Regarding item characteristics, reliability, and criterion validity, no substantial differences were identified between the original and simplified versions. These findings were also replicated for the subsample of lower-educated respondents, who are considered more sensitive to complex item formulations. Our study thus suggests that simplifying item wording and avoiding double-barreled items in a personality inventory does not improve the quality of a questionnaire; rather, using simpler (and consequently more vague) item formulations may even decrease factorial validity.
How Energy Enters the Magnetosphere During a Substorm: A Perspective After 60 Years of Working in the Field
Authors: Haerendel Gerhard
Published: December 2022

This paper begins with a summary of my path into space physics and the following four decades of active research in ionosphere and magnetosphere. The following perspective part addresses the main subject in four steps, from flow braking and diversions prior to substorm onset, via the attachment of the magnetic field carried by the flow bursts, to the transformation of the incoming momentum and energy and their earthward propagation, and finally, the generation of the poleward arcs, auroral electrojet, and substorm current wedge. This is done mostly by a critical assessment of results and concepts from the author's research from 1992 to 2021. The outcome is a new scenario of the origin of the breakup arcs, auroral electrojet, and substorm current wedge.
New Crowdsourced Science Project Will Study Sprites
Authors: Martin-Jones Erin
Published: December 2022

The NASA-funded project is asking sky gazers, storm chasers, and scientists to capture photos of sprites and other optical phenomena that flash above thunderclouds after a lightning strike.
Enhanced Biogeochemical Cycling Along the U.S. West Coast Shelf
Authors: Damien Pierre , Bianchi Daniele , McWilliams James C. , Kessouri Faycal , Deutsch Curtis , Chen Ru , Renault Lionel
Published: December 2022

Continental margins play an essential role in global ocean biogeochemistry and the carbon cycle; however, global assessments of this role remain highly uncertain. This uncertainty arises from the large variability over a broad range of temporal and spatial scales of the processes that characterize these environments. High‐resolution simulations with ocean biogeochemical models have emerged as essential tools to advance biogeochemical assessments at regional scales. Here, we examine the processes and balances for carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen cycles along the U.S. West Coast in an 11‐year hindcast simulation with a submesoscale‐permitting oceanic circulation coupled to a biogeochemical model. We describe and quantify the biogeochemical cycles on the continental shelf, and their connection to the broader regional context encompassing the California Current System. On the shelf, coastal and wind stress curl upwelling drive a vigorous overturning circulation that supports biogeochemical rates and fluxes that are approximately twice as large as offshore. Exchanges with the proximate sediments, submesoscale shelf currents, bottom boundary layer transport, and intensified cross‐shelf export of shelf‐produced materials further impact coastal and open‐ocean balances. While regional variability prevents extrapolation of our results to global margins, our approach provides a powerful tool to identify the dominant dynamics in different shelf setting and quantify their large‐scale consequences.
Cysteine dioxygenase 1 attenuates the proliferation via inducing oxidative stress and integrated stress response in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Ma Gang , Zhao Zhenzhen , Qu Yang , Cai Fenglin , Liu Siya , Liang Han , Zhang Rupeng , Deng Jingyu
Published: December 2022

Whereas cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) expression is lost due to its hypermethylated promoter across a range of cancer types including gastric cancer (GC), its functions and molecular underpinnings remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that reduced CDO1 expression is indicative of unfavorable prognosis in patients with GC. CDO1 overexpression in GC cells markedly inhibits cellular proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CDO1 exerts this cytostatic effect via increasing oxidative stress and thus activating integrated stress response (ISR) in GC cells. High throughput screening (HTS) of antioxidants library identifies that Engeletin, a flavanonol glycoside, blunts oxidative stress and the ISR to relieve the inhibitory effect of CDO1 on the proliferation in GC cells. Additionally, genetic disruption or pharmaceutical inhibition of the ISR boosts the growth in the GC cells with CDO1 expression. Our data uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytostatic function of CDO1 in the proliferation of GC cells.
Evidence of structural discontinuities in the inner core of red-giant stars
Authors: Vrard Mathieu , Cunha Margarida S. , Bossini Diego , Avelino Pedro P. , Corsaro Enrico , Mosser Benoît
Published: December 2022

Red giants are stars in the late stages of stellar evolution. Because they have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their core, they burn the hydrogen in the surrounding shell . Once the helium in the core starts fusing, the star enters the clump phase, which is identified as a striking feature in the color-magnitude diagram. Since clump stars share similar observational properties, they are heavily used in astrophysical studies, as probes of distance, extinction through the galaxy, galaxy density, and stellar chemical evolution. In this work, we perform the detailed observational characterization of the deepest layers of clump stars using asteroseismic data from Kepler. We find evidence for large core structural discontinuities in about 6.7% of the stars in our sample, implying that the region of mixing beyond the convective core boundary has a radiative thermal stratification. These stars are otherwise similar to the remaining stars in our sample, which may indicate that the building of the discontinuities is an intermittent phenomenon.
Lithiated Prussian blue analogues as positive electrode active materials for stable non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Avdeev Maxim , Chen Huaican , Yin Wen , Kan Wang Hay , He Guang
Published: December 2022

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are appealing active materials for post-lithium electrochemical energy storage. However, PBAs are not generally suitable for non-aqueous Li-ion storage due to their instability upon prolonged cycling. Herein, we assess the feasibility of PBAs with various lithium content for non-aqueous Li-ion storage. We determine the crystal structure of the lithiated PBAs via neutron powder diffraction measurements and investigate the influence of water on structural stability and Li-ion migration through operando X-ray diffraction measurements and bond valence simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a positive electrode containing Li2-xFeFe(CN)6⋅nH2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) active material coupled with a Li metal electrode and a LiPF6-containing organic-based electrolyte in coin cell configuration delivers an initial discharge capacity of 142 mAh g−1 at 19 mA g−1 and a discharge capacity retention of 80.7% after 1000 cycles at 1.9 A g−1. By replacing the lithium metal with a graphite-based negative electrode, we also report a coin cell capable of cycling for more than 370 cycles at 190 mA g−1 with a stable discharge capacity of about 105 mAh g−1 and a discharge capacity retention of 98% at 25 °C.
Temperature-adaptive hydrogel optical waveguide with soft tissue-affinity for thermal regulated interventional photomedicine
Authors: Chen Guoyin , Hou Kai , Yu Nuo , Wei Peiling , Chen Tao , Zhang Caihong , Wang Shun , Liu Hongmei , Cao Ran , Zhu Liping , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Zhu Meifang
Published: December 2022

Photomedicine has gained great attention due to its nontoxicity, good selectivity and small trauma. However, owing to the limited penetration of light and difficult monitoring of the photo-media therapies, it is challenging to apply photomedical treatment in deep tissue as they may damage normal tissues. Herein, a thermal regulated interventional photomedicine based on a temperature-adaptive hydrogel fiber-based optical waveguide (THFOW) is proposed, capable of eliminating deeply seated tumor cells while lowering risks of overtemperature (causes the death of healthy cells around the tumor). The THFOW is fabricated by an integrated homogeneous-dynamic-crosslinking-spinning method, and shows a remarkable soft tissue-affinity (low cytotoxicity, swelling stability, and soft tissue-like Young’s modulus). Moreover, the THFOW shows an excellent light propagation property with different wavenumbers (especially −0.32 dB cm−1 with 915 nm laser light), and temperature-gated light propagation effect. The THFOW and relevant therapeutic strategy offer a promising application for intelligent photomedicine in deep issue.
The PAD-US-AR dataset: Measuring accessible and recreational parks in the contiguous United States
Authors: Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Rigolon Alessandro , Ogletree Scott , Wang Ruoyu , Klompmaker Jochem O. , Bailey Christopher , Gagnon Ryan , James Peter
Published: December 2022

Most spatial epidemiological studies of nature-health relationships use generalized greenspace measures. For instance, coarse-resolution spatial data containing normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) values are prominent despite criticisms, such as the inability to restrain exposure estimates to public and private land. Non-threatening natural landscapes can improve health by building capacities for health-promoting behaviors. Recreational and accessible parks may best activate such behaviors. We curated the Parks and Protected Areas Database of the U.S. (PAD-US) to identify parks that are accessible for outdoor recreation. Our title adds “AR” to “PAD-US” where A = Accessible and R = Recreational. We validated the PAD-US-AR by comparisons with greenspace datasets and sociodemographics, which demonstrated its uniqueness from other commonly employed metrics of nature exposure. The PAD-US-AR presents reliable estimates of parks in the contiguous U.S. that are accessible for outdoor recreation. It has strong associations with home prices, shares of female residents, and shares of older residents. This dataset can accompany other nature exposure metrics in environmental epidemiology and allied research fields.
A global ocean dissolved organic phosphorus concentration database (DOPv2021)
Authors: Liang Zhou , McCabe Kelly , Fawcett Sarah E. , Forrer Heather J. , Hashihama Fuminori , Jeandel Catherine , Marconi Dario , Planquette Hélène , Saito Mak A. , Sohm Jill A. , Thomas Rachel K. , Letscher Robert T. , Knapp Angela N.
Published: December 2022

Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentration distributions in the global surface ocean inform our understanding of marine biogeochemical processes such as nitrogen fixation and primary production. The spatial distribution of DOP concentrations in the surface ocean reflect production by primary producers and consumption as an organic nutrient by phytoplankton including diazotrophs and other microbes, as well as other loss processes such as photolysis. Compared to dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, however, relatively few marine DOP concentration measurements have been made, largely due to the lack of automated analysis techniques. Here we present a database of marine DOP concentration measurements (DOPv2021) that includes new (n = 730) and previously published (n = 3140) observations made over the last ~30 years (1990–2021), including 1751 observations in the upper 50 m. This dataset encompasses observations from all major ocean basins including the poorly represented Indian, South Pacific, and Southern Oceans and provides insight into spatial distributions of DOP in the ocean. It is also valuable for researchers who work on marine primary production and nitrogen fixation.
Influence of fine particle content in debris flows on alluvial fan morphology
Authors: Chen Tzu-Yin Kasha , Hung Chi-Yao , Mullenbach Jared , Hill Kimberly
Published: December 2022

Alluvial fans are large-scale depositional structures commonly found at the base of mountain ranges. They are relatively soil-rich compared to the rocky terrains, or catchment areas, from which their material originates. When frequented by debris flows (massive, muddy, rocky flows) they contribute significantly to local hazards as they carry focused, collisional, fast-moving materials across alluvial fans, unpredictable in size, speed, and direction. We research how fine particle content in debris flows correlates with directional changes, i.e., debris flow avulsions. Toward this, we analyzed field data from two neighboring alluvial fans in the White Mountains (California, USA) that exhibit dramatically different topographies despite their proximity and associated similar long-term climates. Informed by these measurements, we performed long-term and incremental alluvial fan experiments built by debris flows with systematically-varied fine particle content. We found that (1) decreasing fine particle content increases the variability of fan slopes and associated channelization dynamics, and (2) for all mixtures longer-term continuous alluvial fan experiments form more complex surface channelizations than repeated flows for the same total time, indicating the importance of both particle sizes and timescales on alluvial fan surface morphology.
Novel method to delineate palatal rugae and assess their complexity using fractal analysis
Authors: Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Vastardis Heleni , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Halazonetis Demetrios J.
Published: December 2022

Palatal rugae constitute significant morphological landmarks, with wide clinical applications in forensics, insertion of mini-screws, and superimposition. Their morphology has been studied mainly with indices relevant to their qualitative characteristics. The present paper aims at presenting a new quantitative method to evaluate their complexity, by means of box-counting fractal dimension analysis, and to investigate its inter- and intra-rater reliability. Twenty maxillary plaster models were scanned for the needs of this study. A sequence of steps, including cropping of the mesh, ball pivoting, distance mapping and fractal dimension analysis, performed with Viewbox 4 software, was followed. Box-counting fractal dimensions were calculated as a measure of rugae’s complexity. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were investigated, using Bland–Altman analysis. Fractal dimensions ranged from 1.274 to 1.491 (average: 1.412). Bland–Altman analysis of inter- and intra-examiner reliability demonstrated that the 95% limits of agreement ranged from − 0.012 to 0.011 and from − 0.004 to 0.004, respectively. The method is reliable and can be applied in research and forensics. It offers comprehensive evaluation of the rugae’s complexity and a complete set of information about their outlines and height profiles, with minimum user intervention.
The harmonium model and its unified system view of psychopathology: a validation study by means of a convolutional neural network
Authors: Antonucci Linda A. , Bellantuono Loredana , Kleinbub Johann Roland , Lella Annalisa , Palmieri Arianna , Salvatore Sergio
Published: December 2022

The harmonium model (HM) is a recent conceptualization of the unifying view of psychopathology, namely the idea of a general mechanism underpinning all mental disorders (the p factor). According to HM, psychopathology consists of a low dimensional Phase Space of Meaning (PSM), where each dimension of meaning maps a component of the environmental variability. Accordingly, the lower thenumber of independent dimensions in the PSM, and hence its intrinsic complexity, the more limited the way of interpreting the environment. The current simulation study, based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework, aims at validating the HM low-dimensionality hypothesis. CNN-based classifiers were employed to simulate normotypical and pathological cognitive processes. Results revealed that normotypical and pathological CNNs were different in terms of both classification performance and layer activation patterns. Using Principal Component Analysis to characterize the PSM associated with the two algorithms, we found that the performance of the normotypical CNN relies on a larger and more evenly distributed number of components, compared with the pathological one. This finding might be indicative of the fact that psychopathology can be modelled as a low-dimensional, poorly modulable PSM, which means the environment is detected through few components of meaning, preventing complex information patterns from being taken into account.
Pan-kinome of Legionella expanded by a bioinformatics survey
Authors: Krysińska Marianna , Baranowski Bartosz , Deszcz Bartłomiej , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Gradowski Marcin
Published: December 2022

The pathogenic Legionella bacteria are notorious for delivering numerous effector proteins into the host cell with the aim of disturbing and hijacking cellular processes for their benefit. Despite intensive studies, many effectors remain uncharacterized. Motivated by the richness of Legionella effector repertoires and their oftentimes atypical biochemistry, also by several known atypical Legionella effector kinases and pseudokinases discovered recently, we undertook an in silico survey and exploration of the pan-kinome of the Legionella genus, i.e., the union of the kinomes of individual species. In this study, we discovered 13 novel (pseudo)kinase families (all are potential effectors) with the use of non-standard bioinformatic approaches. Together with 16 known families, we present a catalog of effector and non-effector protein kinase-like families within Legionella, available at http://bioinfo.sggw.edu.pl/kintaro/. We analyze and discuss the likely functional roles of the novel predicted kinases. Notably, some of the kinase families are also present in other bacterial taxa, including other pathogens, often phylogenetically very distant from Legionella. This work highlights Nature’s ingeniousness in the pathogen–host arms race and offers a useful resource for the study of infection mechanisms.
Impacts of soil nutrition on floral traits, pollinator attraction, and fitness in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Vaudo Anthony D. , Erickson Emily , Patch Harland M. , Grozinger Christina M. , Mu Junpeng
Published: December 2022

Annual plants allocate soil nutrients to floral display and pollinator rewards to ensure pollination success in a single season. Nitrogen and phosphorus are critical soil nutrients whose levels are altered by intensive land use that may affect plants’ fitness via pollinator attractiveness through floral display and rewards. In a controlled greenhouse study, we studied in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) how changes in soil nitrogen and phosphorus influence floral traits, including nectar and pollen reward composition. We evaluated how these traits affect bumble bee (Bombus impatiens, an important cucumber pollinator) visitation and ultimately fruit yield. While increasing nitrogen and phosphorus increased growth and floral display, excess nitrogen created an asymptotic or negative effect, which was mitigated by increasing phosphorus. Male floral traits exhibited higher plasticity in responses to changes in soil nutrients than female flowers. At 4:1 nitrogen:phosphorus ratios, male flowers presented increased nectar volume and pollen number resulting in increased bumble bee visitation. Interestingly, other pollinator rewards remained consistent across all soil treatments: male and female nectar sugar composition, female nectar volume, and pollen protein and lipid concentrations. Therefore, although cucumber pollination success was buffered in conditions of nutrient stress, highly skewed nitrogen:phosphorus soil ratios reduced plant fitness via reduced numbers of flowers and reward quantity, pollinator attraction, and ultimately yield.
Class II LitR serves as an effector of “short” LOV-type blue-light photoreceptor in Pseudomonas mendocina
Authors: Maruyama Takafumi , Sumi Satoru , Kobayashi Mitsuru , Ebuchi Teppei , Kanesaki Yu , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Ueda Kenji , Takano Hideaki
Published: December 2022

PmlR2, a class II LitR/CarH family transcriptional regulator, and PmSB-LOV, a “short” LOV-type blue light photoreceptor, are adjacently encoded in Pseudomonas mendocina NBRC 14162. An effector protein for the “short” LOV-type photoreceptor in Pseudomonas has not yet been identified. Here, we show that PmlR2 is an effector protein of PmSB-LOV. Transcriptional analyses revealed that the expression of genes located near pmlR2 and its homolog gene, pmlR1, was induced in response to illumination. In vitro DNA–protein binding analyses showed that recombinant PmlR2 directly binds to the promoter region of light-inducible genes. Furthermore PmSB-LOV exhibited a typical LOV-type light-induced spectral change. Gel-filtration chromatography demonstrated that the illuminated PmSB-LOV was directly associated with PmlR2, whereas non-illuminated proteins did not interact. The inhibition of PmlR2 function following PmSB-LOV binding was verified by surface plasmon resonance: the DNA-binding ability of PmlR2 was specifically inhibited in the presence of blue light-illuminated-PmSB-LOV. An In vitro transcription assay showed a dose-dependent reduction in PmlR2 repressor activity in the presence of illuminated PmSB-LOV. Overall, evidence suggests that the DNA-binding activity of PmlR2 is inhibited by its direct association with blue light-activated PmSB-LOV, enabling transcription of light-inducible promoters by RNA polymerase.
Gas pressure evolution characteristics of deep true triaxial coal and gas outburst based on acoustic emission monitoring
Authors: Zhang Xin , Tang Jupeng , Yu Honghao , Pan Yishan
Published: December 2022

Coal and gas outburst is one of the geological disasters that seriously threaten the safety of coal mines production. In recent years, with the increase of mining depth, outbursts become frequent. To further explore the occurrence mechanism of deep coal and gas outburst, a self-developed true triaxial coal and gas outburst simulation device was used to simulate the coal and gas outburst at different depths. The results show that with the increase of simulation depth, the critical gas pressure of outburst gradually decreases, and the unit outburst intensity increases sharply. The gas threshold of deep coal and gas outburst is lower. During the incubation and excitation, gas pressure has three special variation rules, namely self-increasing characteristic, stage and instantaneous. In the early incubation, acoustic emission (AE) energy is at a low level, low energy frequency is dominant; in the later incubation, AE energy increases greatly, high energy frequency is dominant. From the perspective of AE energy, a quantitative index that reflects the danger of coal and gas outburst in the incubation is defined, which provides a scientific reference for the prediction and prevention of disasters of coal and gas outburst in deep mining.
Distractor-induced saccade trajectory curvature reveals visual contralateral bias with respect to the dominant eye
Authors: Chaumillon Romain , Alahyane Nadia , Senot Patrice , Lemoine-Lardennois Christelle , Doré-Mazars Karine , Vergilino-Perez Dorine , Guillaume Alain
Published: December 2022

The functional consequences of the visual system lateralization referred to as “eye dominance” remain poorly understood. We previously reported shorter hand reaction times for targets appearing in the contralateral visual hemifield with respect to the dominant eye (DE). Here, we further explore this contralateral bias by studying the influence of laterally placed visual distractors on vertical saccade trajectories, a sensitive method to assess visual processing. In binocular conditions, saccade trajectory curvature was larger toward a distractor placed in the contralateral hemifield with respect to the DE (e.g., in the left visual hemifield for a participant with a right dominant eye) than toward one presented in the ipsilateral hemifield (in the right visual hemifield in our example). When two distractors were present at the same time, the vertical saccade showed curvature toward the contralateral side. In monocular conditions, when one distractor was presented, a similar larger influence of the contralateral distractor was observed only when the viewing eye was the DE. When the non dominant eye (NDE) was viewing, curvature was symmetric for both distractor sides. Interestingly, this curvature was as large as the one obtained for the contralateral distractor when the DE was viewing, suggesting that eye dominance consequences rely on inhibition mechanisms present when the DE is viewing. Overall, these results demonstrate that DE influences visual integration occurring around saccade production and support a DE-based contralateral visual bias.
The construction of nursing performance evaluation model in community health service center based on the balanced scorecard and hygiene factors
Authors: Yang Guiyun
Published: December 2022

To develop and design a nursing performance evaluation model for community health service centers for nursing performance management. Preliminary evaluation indicators were constructed through literature retrieval and research. Applying the Delphi method, 20 experts were invited to conduct two rounds of questionnaire consultation and indicator importance scoring. The primary indicators use the Delphi method to determine the weights, and the secondary indicators use the AHP method to determine the weights. The nursing unit evaluation model (including 30 indicators), the nursing staff evaluation model (including 21 indicators), and the performance evaluation hygiene factors model (including 5 indicators) were constructed. The recovery rate of the expert questionnaire was 100%, and the authority coefficient was 0.768. The degree of coordination was in line with the standard, and the consistency of the judgment matrix of the analytic hierarchy process was acceptable. The model is scientific and innovative, which adapts to the work characteristics and development needs of community health service centers, and provides a practical tool for nursing performance evaluation.
The dynamics of γδ T cell responses in nonhuman primates during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Fears Alyssa C. , Walker Edith M. , Chirichella Nicole , Slisarenko Nadia , Merino Kristen M. , Golden Nadia , Picou Breanna , Spencer Skye , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi E. , Doyle-Meyers Lara A. , Blair Robert V. , Beddingfield Brandon J. , Maness Nicholas J. , Roy Chad J. , Rout Namita
Published: December 2022

Although most SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild, some patients develop systemic inflammation and progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying this spectrum of disease remain unclear. γδT cells are T lymphocyte subsets that have key roles in systemic and mucosal immune responses during infection and inflammation. Here we show that peripheral γδT cells are rapidly activated following aerosol or intra-tracheal/intra-nasal (IT/IN) SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Our results demonstrate a rapid expansion of Vδ1 γδT cells at day1 that correlate significantly with lung viral loads during the first week of infection. Furthermore, increase in levels of CCR6 and Granzyme B expression in Vδ1 T cells during viral clearance imply a role in innate-like epithelial barrier-protective and cytotoxic functions. Importantly, the early activation and mobilization of circulating HLA-DR+CXCR3+γδT cells along with significant correlations of Vδ1 T cells with IL-1Ra and SCF levels in bronchoalveolar lavage suggest a novel role for Vδ1 T cells in regulating lung inflammation during aerosol SARS-CoV-2 infection. A deeper understanding of the immunoregulatory functions of MHC-unrestricted Vδ1 T cells in lungs during early SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important in the wake of emerging new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion potential.
Spectroscopic evidence of flat bands in breathing kagome semiconductor Nb3I8
Authors: Regmi Sabin , Fernando Tharindu , Zhao Yuzhou , Sakhya Anup Pradhan , Dhakal Gyanendra , Bin Elius Iftakhar , Vazquez Hector , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Yang Jihui , Chu Jiun-Haw , Xu Xiaodong , Cao Ting , Neupane Madhab
Published: December 2022

Kagome materials have become solid grounds to study the interplay among geometry, topology, correlation, and magnetism. Recently, niobium halide semiconductors Nb3X8 (X = Cl, Br, I) have been predicted to be two-dimensional magnets and these materials are also interesting for their breathing kagome geometry. However, experimental electronic structure studies of these promising materials are still lacking. Here, we report the spectroscopic evidence of flat and weakly dispersing bands in breathing-kagome semiconductor Nb3I8 around 500 meV binding energy, which is well supported by our first-principles calculations. These bands originate from the breathing kagome lattice of niobium atoms and have niobium d-orbital character. They are found to be sensitive to the polarization of the incident photon beam. Our study provides insight into the electronic structure and flat band topology in an exfoliable kagome semiconductor, thereby providing an important platform to understand the interaction of geometry and electron correlations in two-dimensional materials.
Beyond phosphorus: synthesis, reactivity, coordination behaviour and catalytic properties of 1,1′-bis(diphenylstibino)ferrocene
Authors: Schulz Jiří , Antala Jakub , Císařová Ivana , Štěpnička Petr
Published: December 2022

A stibine analogue of the widely studied 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene is reported along with studies into its reactivity, coordination behaviour, and catalytic properties.
Interplay of metal-based nanoparticles with plant rhizosphere microenvironment: implications for nanosafety and nano-enabled sustainable agriculture
Authors: Wang Quanlong , Zhang Peng , Zhao Weichen , Li Yuanbo , Jiang Yaqi , Rui Yukui , Guo Zhiling , Lynch Iseult
Published: December 2022

The development of nanotechnology and the widespread application of metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) in various consumer products have released a large number of nanoparticles into soil environment, especially agricultural systems.
Pyrolysis transports, and transforms, PFAS from biosolids to py-liquid
Authors: McNamara Patrick , Samuel Melvin S. , Sathyamoorthy Sandeep , Moss Lynne , Valtierra Danny , Cortes Lopez Hugo , Nigro Nick , Somerville Stephen , Liu Zhongzhe
Published: December 2022

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater solids have resulted in bans on land application of biosolids, causing utilities to explore thermal treatment options.
Can exosomes transfer the preconditioning effects triggered by (poly)phenol compounds between cells?
Authors: Figueira Inês , Bastos Paulo , González-Sarrías Antonio , Espín Juan Carlos , Costa-Silva Bruno , Nunes dos Santos Cláudia
Published: December 2022

Exosomes direct and indirect roles mediating (poly)phenol effects.
A synergistic therapeutic nano-eyedrop for dry eye disease based on ascorbic acid-coupled exosomes
Authors: Ma Fang , Feng Jing , Liu Xi , Tian Ying , Wang Wen-Jing , Luan Fu-Xiao , Wang Ying-Jie , Yang Wei-Qiang , Bai Jing-Yi , Zhang Yi-Quan , Tao Yong
Published: December 2022

The advanced eyedrop, mExo@AA was synthesized by reducing gold nanoparticles onto the exosomal phospholipid membrane in situ using AA. In the BAC-induced mice model, mExo@AA demonstrated superior damage repair, ROS scavenging, and anti-inflammation.
An atomically precise Ag18Cu8nanocluster with rich alkynyl–metal coordination structures and unique SbF6−assembling modes
Authors: Sun Xueli , Tang Xiongkai , Gao Yan-Li , Zhao Yujuan , Wu Qingyuan , Cao Dongxu , Shen Hui
Published: December 2022

[Ag18Cu8(dppp)4(tBu-C6H4CC)22]4+clusters are self-assembled into a two-dimensional layer structure with the aid of SbF6−anions. Quite rich coordination modes of alkynyl ligands and SbF6−are observed.
Synthesis and characterization of rod-like amino acids/nanohydroxyapatite composites to inhibit osteosarcoma
Authors: Chen Zhengxiong , Wang Xinyu , Luo Jing , Zhang Bowen , Shen Fei , Li Binbin , Yang Jing
Published: December 2022

In this study, rod-like hydroxyapatite (HA) with uniform morphology and controllable particle size modified by doping with two different amino acids (alanine and threonine) was synthesized by a microwave hydrothermal method.
The synergism between self-activated and impurity-related emissions of LiCa3ZnV3O12: lattice distortion, energy transfer and temperature sensing effect
Authors: Li Jie , Shi Ruixia , Cao Yongqiang , Ma Qian , Chen Ling , Zhang Aiyu , Yang Ping
Published: December 2022

Combination of Eu3+-related and self-activating emissions of LCZV analyzed by crystal structure information, leading to potential applications as color-tunable phosphors, white light LED and luminescent temperature sensor.
Selective Pd recovery from acidic leachates by 3-mercaptopropylphosphonic acid grafted TiO2: does surface coverage correlate to performance?
Authors: Gys Nick , Pawlak Bram , Lufungula Léon Luntadila , Marcoen Kristof , Wyns Kenny , Baert Kitty , Atia Thomas Abo , Spooren Jeroen , Adriaensens Peter , Blockhuys Frank , Hauffman Tom , Meynen Vera , Mullens Steven , Michielsen Bart
Published: December 2022

Concentration-controlled surface coverages of 3-mercaptopropylphosphonic acid grafted TiO2 allows tailoring the selectivity towards Pd during sorption in a complex acidic leachate originating from a spent automotive exhaust catalyst.
Continuous-flow Fe-zeolite-catalyzed temperature-directed synthesis of bioactive tetraketones and xanthenes using epoxides and cyclic-1,3-diketones via a Meinwald rearrangement
Authors: Mondal Shankhajit , Pandey Akanksha M. , Gnanaprakasam Boopathy
Published: December 2022

The continuous flow Fe-zeolite-catalyzed direct transformation of epoxides and cyclic-1,3-diketones to tetraketones and their subsequent catalytic cyclization to xanthene derivatives are described.
Luminescence-based circular polarization convertors: polarization conversion of linearly polarized photoluminescence from one-dimensionally aligned quantum rods using retardation films
Authors: Okazaki Yutaka , Kimura Misaki , Hachiya Kan , Sagawa Takashi
Published: December 2022

Generation of circularly polarized (CP) light with high purity and light intensity was achieved using a single-, parallel, and multi-layered luminescence-based CP convertor composed of a linearly polarized luminescence (LPL) film and a quarter-wave plate.
A nonalternant azulene-embedded carbon nanohoop featuring anti-Kasha emission and tunable properties upon pH stimuli-responsiveness
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Jia Luyang , Wang Wenguang , Wang Ying , Sun Di , Jiang Hua
Published: December 2022

The insertion of a nonalternant π-system into the skeletons of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) can significantly alter their optoelectronic properties.