bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refinería Argentina frente a los ingenios azucareros. Nuevas tecnologías, cambios sectoriales y reordenamiento empresarial (1914-1935)
Authors: Moyano Daniel
Published: July 2021

Analizaremos el proceso de reestructuración del sector azucarero argentino durante 1914 y 1935. Se estudiará el escenario de disputa entablado entre la «Refinería Argentina» y los ingenios azucareros norteños para posicionarse en el mercado interno, la incidencia de la tecnificación en el desarrollo de nuevos azúcares de calidad, y las estrategias de los competidores que terminaron por modificar la estructura de la oferta del azúcar a inicios del siglo XX. En contraposición a la interpretación dominante, que vio en la Refinería una sobredimensionada empresa moderna con tecnología de punta en un mercado periférico y limitado –motivo de su cierre en 1932–, proponemos dos explicaciones alternativas: a) la competencia de los ingenios con productos sustitutos redujeron el mercado que antes cubría Refinería; b) su cierre fue parte de una estrategia de readecuación del grupo empresarial que controlaba la firma a las nuevas características productivas y comerciales que adquirió el sector.
Industrial policy and competition policy. State aid and the restructuring of the European steel industry in the 1980s
Authors: Sáez-García Miguel Ángel , Díaz-Morlán Pablo
Published: July 2021

Using documents from the Historical Archives of the European Union, the article assesses the results of the restructuring of the European Community steel sector carried out at the beginning of the 1980s, considered to be the first European industrial policy. The article concludes that State aid control by the European Commission, through the so-called aid codes, was the main tool of the Community restructuring policy and contributed to resolve the crisis that the sector had been suffering from the mid-1970s, even though the objectives set by the Commission were not fully achieved.
La producción de un barrio desfavorecido en los márgenes de una ciudad media: La Mariola (Lleida)
Authors: Bellet Sanfeliu Carme
Published: July 2021

La Mariola es un barrio de la ciudad de Lleida que se caracteriza por la notable concentración de polígonos de vivienda. Desde mediados de siglo XX, las actuaciones públicas realizadas en materia de vivienda y suelo, primero por organismos estatales y luego autonómicos y locales, resultaron determinantes en la configuración de su estructura, forma y en su relación con el conjunto urbano. El barrio es hoy uno de los que concentra una mayor proporción de pobreza y estigmatización de la ciudad, situación que se relaciona con la acción (e inacción) de la política pública lo largo del tiempo.El texto aborda los procesos y los mecanismos espaciales que explican la (re)producción de la condición de barrio desfavorecido en una ciudad media. Y se concluye que la combinación de ciertos mecanismos (segregación, construcción de barreras físicas y simbólicas, y producción de imágenes desvalorizantes) ha generado un espacio confinado y estigmatizado en el conjunto y notablemente fragmentado en su interior.
La fronterización de la periferia urbana de Madrid
Authors: Morado Castresana Candela
Published: July 2021

En este artículo partimos del estudio del caso de la Cañada Real Galiana para reflexionar sobre las zonas de la periferia urbana desde el concepto de frontera. Proponemos este objeto (geográfico y epistémico) en la medida en la que enfatiza las dinámicas de demarcación, tensión y resistencia de estos contextos urbanos. A través de un trabajo etnográfico analizamos cómo se construyen y sostienen los límites sociomateriales y simbólicos de la ciudad de Madrid asumiendo que la Cañada Real expresa las contradicciones y conflictos de su modelo urbano. Para ello nos apoyaremos en cuatro elementos que dan forma al asentamiento informal. Los planes urbanos, los bolardos, el barro y los escombros nos servirán para articular un relato que desvela la Cañada Real como un espacio fronterizo capaz de activar un debate profundo sobre el desorden, la segregación, el estigma y la quiebra de un posible horizonte de futuro.
Compact multifunction digital OFDR system without using an auxiliary interferometer
Authors: Yao Zheyi , Mauldin Thomas , Xu Zhenyu , Hefferman Gerald , Wei Tao
Published: July 2021

This paper describes an integrated, accurate, and inexpensive
semiconductor laser -based optical frequency domain reflectometry
(OFDR) system design. The system utilizes the fiber under test for
both sensing and frequency sweep linearization functions, allowing the
system to mitigate and compensate for phase errors without the need
for an auxiliary interferometer, as is the case for traditional OFDR
systems. Benefiting from the unique and embedded design, this system
reaches the minimal OFDR system with only one optical interferometer
and its corresponding optic-electric components without sacrificing
accuracy. In addition, conventional design requires an external
auxiliary interferometer, which may experience different noises from
the main measuring interferometer, deteriorating the overall
performance. Experimental results demonstrate the enhanced performance
of the compact design as compared with the former methods, as well as
the reduced complexity and improved cost-effectiveness.
Design and fabrication of a downlight luminaire with a dual frusto-conical reflector
Authors: Hsin Shang-Yu , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Chen Nien-Po , Ye Chen-Yu , Ji Guan-Yu , Huang Ke-Cheng , Hsieh Hung-Chih , Wu Chyan-Chyi , Dai Ching-Liang
Published: July 2021

A design method and corresponding fabrication procedures are proposed for a dual frusto-conical reflector of a downlight luminaire. The profile of the dual frusto-conical reflector consists of two flat-slant reflective surfaces with slightly different slopes. The optimum dual frusto-conical reflector can be obtained with the proposed design method. The finished product of the dual frusto-conical reflector is fabricated by a 3D printer and followed by surface polishing and reflection paint spraying. The measurement results show that luminaires exhibited 70% optimum illuminance confined within an illumination area of

1.8

m

2

, and the optimum illumination intensity is at 252 lux. The optimum efficiency of the proposed luminaire can reach 158 lm/W for normal-white light-emitting diode (LED) and 119 lm/W for warm-white LED, respectively.
Material survey for a millimeter-wave absorber using a 3D-printed
mold
Authors: Otsuka T. , Adachi S. , Hattori M. , Sakurai Y. , Tajima O.
Published: July 2021

Radio absorptive materials (RAMs) are key elements for receivers in the millimeter-wave
range. We previously established a method for production of RAM by
using a 3D-printed mold. An advantage of this method is a wide range
of choices for absorptive materials to be used. To take advantage of
this flexibility, we added a range of absorptive materials to a base
epoxy resin, STYCAST-2850FT, and examined the optical performance of
the resultant RAM across a wide frequency range under cryogenic
conditions. We found that adding a particular type of carbon fiber
produced the best performance with a reflectance at 77 K estimated as
0.01%–3% over a frequency range of 20–300 GHz.
Calibration of the pixel crosstalk in spatial light modulators for 4f pulse shaping
Authors: Guesmi Mariem , Žídek Karel
Published: July 2021

The targeted shaping of femtosecond pulses in 4f pulse shapers is complicated by, among other factors, the crosstalk between adjacent pixels of a spatial light modulator (SLM). Current methods for the crosstalk evaluation require setting up a different experiment, which is highly inconvenient. Here, we propose a simple procedure to extract the pixel crosstalk within the standard SLM calibration used in pulse shaping. The calibration is based on an analysis of the contrast of a periodic modulation in the spectra induced via SLM. We demonstrate the calibration procedure on a liquid-crystal-based SLM and show that we attain a constant crosstalk effect represented by a Gaussian function with

σ
=

1.0

pix over a broad operational range of the SLM.
Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal
Authors: Alles Adrian , Pan Zhongben , Loiko Pavel , Serres Josep Maria , Slimi Sami , Yingming Shawuti , Tang Kaiyang , Wang Yicheng , Zhao Yongguang , Dunina Elena , Kornienko Alexey , Camy Patrice , Chen Weidong , Wang Li , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Solé Rosa Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Mateos Xavier
Published: July 2021

We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr.

I
a

3
¯

d

, a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation.
Direct laser writing spiral Sagnac waveguide for ultrahigh magnetic field sensing
Authors: Zhang Dengwei , Zhang Zhihang , Wei Heming , Qiu Jianrong , Krishnaswamy Sridhar
Published: July 2021

A high-birefringence spiral Sagnac waveguide (SSW) device fabricated via direct laser writing (DLW) using a two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated as an ultrahigh magnetic field sensor. The sensor comprises a Y-style tapered waveguide and an SSW containing two microfluidic channels. The SSW has a total length of

∼
2.4
  
mm

and a spiral radius of

∼
200
  
μm

. Due to the asymmetric structure, the SSW has a high birefringence of 0.016, which can be designed as a magnetic field sensor, as a magnetic fluid can be filled into the microfluidic channel changing the guiding mode and the birefringence and consequently leading to a change in phase of the interferometer when the applied magnetic field changes. The experimental results show that the proposed photonic device has a sensitivity to magnetic fields as high as 0.48 nm/Oe within a range from 10 to 100 Oe. The proposed device is very stable and easy to fabricate, and it can therefore be used for weak magnetic field detection.
Modeling of DNA binding to the condensin hinge domain using molecular dynamics simulations guided by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Koide Hiroki , Kodera Noriyuki , Bisht Shveta , Takada Shoji , Terakawa Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2021

The condensin protein complex compacts chromatin during mitosis using its DNA-loop extrusion activity. Previous studies proposed scrunching and loop-capture models as molecular mechanisms for the loop extrusion process, both of which assume the binding of double-strand (ds) DNA to the hinge domain formed at the interface of the condensin subunits Smc2 and Smc4. However, how the hinge domain contacts dsDNA has remained unknown. Here, we conducted atomic force microscopy imaging of the budding yeast condensin holo-complex and used this data as basis for coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to model the hinge structure in a transient open conformation. We then simulated the dsDNA binding to open and closed hinge conformations, predicting that dsDNA binds to the outside surface when closed and to the outside and inside surfaces when open. Our simulations also suggested that the hinge can close around dsDNA bound to the inside surface. Based on these simulation results, we speculate that the conformational change of the hinge domain might be essential for the dsDNA binding regulation and play roles in condensin-mediated DNA-loop extrusion.
Social determinants associated with Zika virus infection in pregnant women
Authors: Nery Nivison , Aguilar Ticona Juan P. , Gambrah Claudia , Doss-Gollin Simon , Aromolaran Adeolu , Rastely-Júnior Valmir , Lessa Millani , Sacramento Gielson A. , Cruz Jaqueline S. , de Oliveira Daiana , dos Santos Laiara Lopes , da Silva Crislaine G. , Botosso Viviane F. , Soares Camila P. , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Oliveira Danielle B. , dos Santos Alves Rubens Prince , Andreata-Santos Robert , Durigon Edison L. , de Souza Ferreira Luís Carlos , Wunder Elsio A. , Khouri Ricardo , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , de Siqueira Isadora C. , Almeida Antônio R. P. , Reis Mitermayer G. , Ko Albert I. , Costa Federico
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the sociodemographic determinants associated with exposure to Zika Virus (ZIKV) in pregnant women during the 2015–2016 epidemic in Salvador, Brazil.

Methods

We recruited women who gave birth between October 2015 and January 2016 to a cross-sectional study at a referral maternity hospital in Salvador, Brazil. We collected information on their demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics, and evaluated their ZIKV exposure using a plaque reduction neutralization test. Logistic regression was then used to assess the relationship between these social determinants and ZIKV exposure status.

Results

We included 469 pregnant women, of whom 61% had a positive ZIKV result. Multivariate analysis found that lower education (adjusted Prevalence Rate [aPR] 1.21; 95%CI 1.04–1.35) and food insecurity (aPR 1.17; 95%CI 1.01–1.30) were positively associated with ZIKV exposure. Additionally, age was negatively associated with the infection risk (aPR 0.99; 95%CI 0.97–0.998).

Conclusion

Eve after controlling for age, differences in key social determinants, as education and food security, were associated with the risk of ZIKV infection among pregnant women in Brazil. Our findings elucidate risk factors that can be targeted by future interventions to reduce the impact of ZIKV infection in this vulnerable population.
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in Malawian children with diarrheal disease
Authors: Iroh Tam Pui-Ying , Chisala Mphatso , Nyangulu Wongani , Thole Herbert , Nyirenda James
Published: July 2021

Background

Respiratory cryptosporidiosis has been documented in children with diarrhea. We sought to describe the dynamics of respiratory involvement in children hospitalized with gastrointestinal (GI) diarrheal disease.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational longitudinal study of Malawian children 2–24 months hospitalized with diarrhea. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, induced sputum and stool specimens were collected. Participants that were positive by Cryptosporidium PCR in any of the three compartments were followed up with fortnightly visits up to 8 weeks post-enrollment.

Results

Of the 162 children recruited, participants had mild-moderate malnutrition (mean HAZ -1.6 (SD 2.1)), 37 (21%) were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium at enrollment (37 stool, 11 sputum, and 4 NP) and 27 completed the majority of follow-up visits (73%). Cryptosporidium was detected in all compartments over the 4 post-enrollment visits, most commonly in stool (100% at enrollment with mean cycle thresholds (Ct) of 28.8±4.3 to 44% at 8 weeks with Ct 29.9±4.1), followed by sputum (31% at enrollment with mean Ct 31.1±4.4 to 20% at 8 weeks with Ct 35.7±2.6), then NP (11% with mean Ct 33.5±1.0 to 8% with Ct 36.6±0.7). Participants with Cryptosporidium detection in both the respiratory and GI tract over the study period reported respiratory and GI symptoms in 81% and 62% of study visits, respectively, compared to 68% and 27%, respectively, for those with only GI detection, and had longer GI shedding (17.5±6.6 v. 15.9±2.9 days).

Conclusion

Cryptosporidium was detected in both respiratory and GI tracts throughout the 8 weeks post-enrollment. The development of therapeutics for Cryptosporidium in children should target the respiratory as well as GI tract.
Brief communication: Plasma cortisol concentration is affected by lactation, but not intra-nasal oxytocin treatment, in beef cows
Authors: Wagner Brooklyn K. , Relling Alejandro E. , Kieffer Justin D. , Parker Anthony J.
Published: July 2021

In mammals, including sheep and mice, lactation attenuates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and plasma cortisol concentration. Oxytocin, one neuropeptide present in the blood during lactation, may contribute to such stress attenuation. Providing oxytocin intra-nasally increases plasma oxytocin concentration in cattle and can be used in non-lactating cows to mirror plasma oxytocin concentration of lactating cows. Therefore, our hypothesis was that there would be no difference in plasma cortisol between non-lactating beef cows intra-nasally administered oxytocin and lactating beef cows intra-nasally treated with saline. TwentyBos tauruscows were randomly allocated by lactational status to one of four treatments, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement:1)Non-lactating, saline (NL-S; n = 5);2)Non-lactating, oxytocin (NL-OXT; n = 5);3)Lactating, saline (L-S; n = 5); and4)Lactating, oxytocin (L-OXT; n = 5). Two hours pre-treatment, cows were catheterized, moved to their appropriate chute and baseline blood samples were collected at -60, -45, -30, and 0 minutes before treatments were administered. Directly following the 0-minute sample, cows were administered their intra-nasal treatment via a mucosal atomization device. Subsequently, blood was collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 minutes. Non-lactating cows had greater (P= 0.02) plasma cortisol concentration compared with lactating cows. There was no lactation by treatment interactions for either plasma cortisol (P= 0.55) or oxytocin (P= 0.89) concentration. Although a treatment by time interaction was identified for oxytocin (P< 0.0001), there was no main effect of lactation on plasma oxytocin concentration (P= 0.34). Similar oxytocin and dissimilar cortisol concentration in lactating and non-lactating cows indicate that oxytocin alone cannot be responsible for reduced plasma cortisol in lactating ruminants. Further investigations are needed to elucidate alternative mechanisms that may be involved in the stress hypo-responsive condition of lactating mammals.
Attenuating nicotine’s effects with high affinity human anti-nicotine monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Raleigh Michael D. , Beltraminelli Nicola , Fallot Stephanie , LeSage Mark G. , Saykao Amy , Pentel Paul R. , Fuller Steve , Thisted Thomas , Biesova Zuzanna , Horrigan Stephen , Sampey Darryl , Zhou Bin , Kalnik Matthew W.
Published: July 2021

Use of nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sequester and reduce nicotine distribution to brain has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to treat nicotine addiction (the basis of tobacco use disorder). A series of monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for nicotine (nic•mAbs) was isolated from B-cells of vaccinated smokers. Genes encoding 32 unique nicotine binding antibodies were cloned, and the mAbs expressed and tested by surface plasmon resonance to determine their affinity for S-(–)-nicotine. The highest affinity nic•mAbs had binding affinity constants (KD) between 5 and 67 nM. The 4 highest affinity nic•mAbs were selected to undergo additional secondary screening for antigen-specificity, protein properties (including aggregation and stability), and functional in vivo studies to evaluate their capacity for reducing nicotine distribution to brain in rats. The 2 most potent nic•mAbs in single-dose nicotine pharmacokinetic experiments were further tested in a dose-response in vivo study. The most potent lead, ATI-1013, was selected as the lead candidate based on the results of these studies. Pretreatment with 40 and 80 mg/kg ATI-1013 reduced brain nicotine levels by 56 and 95%, respectively, in a repeated nicotine dosing experiment simulating very heavy smoking. Nicotine self-administration was also significantly reduced in rats treated with ATI-1013. A pilot rat 30-day repeat-dose toxicology study (4x200mg/kg ATI-1013) in the presence of nicotine indicated no drug-related safety concerns. These data provide evidence that ATI-1013 could be a potential therapy for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
Long-term associative memory in rats: Effects of familiarization period in object-place-context recognition test
Authors: Shimoda Shota , Ozawa Takaaki , Ichitani Yukio , Yamada Kazuo
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous recognition tests, which utilize rodents’ innate tendency to explore novelty, can evaluate not only simple non-associative recognition memory but also more complex associative memory in animals. In the present study, we investigated whether the length of the object familiarization period (sample phase) improved subsequent novelty discrimination in the spontaneous object, place, and object-place-context (OPC) recognition tests in rats. In the OPC recognition test, rats showed a significant novelty preference only when the familiarization period was 30 min but not when it was 5 min or 15 min. In addition, repeated 30-min familiarization periods extended the significant novelty preference to 72 hours. However, the rats exhibited a successful discrimination between the stayed and replaced objects under 15 min and 30 min familiarization period conditions in the place recognition test and between the novel and familiar objects under all conditions of 5, 15 and 30 min in the object recognition test. Our results suggest that the extension of the familiarization period improves performance in the spontaneous recognition paradigms, and a longer familiarization period is necessary for long-term associative recognition memory than for non-associative memory.
Application of a decision tree model in the early identification of severe patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Wang Bohao , He Zhiquan , Yi Zhijie , Yuan Chun , Suo Wenshuai , Pei Shujun , Li Yi , Ma Hongxia , Wang Haifeng , Xu Bianli , Guo Wanshen , Huang Xueyong
Published: July 2021

Background

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease with a fatality of up to 30%. To identify the severity of SFTS precisely and quickly is important in clinical practice.

Methods

From June to July 2020, 71 patients admitted to the Infectious Department of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 990 Hospital were enrolled in this study. The most frequently observed symptoms and laboratory parameters on admission were collected by investigating patients’ electronic records. Decision trees were built to identify the severity of SFTS. Accuracy and Youden’s index were calculated to evaluate the identification capacity of the models.

Results

Clinical characteristics, including body temperature (p = 0.011), the size of the lymphadenectasis (p = 0.021), and cough (p = 0.017), and neurologic symptoms, including lassitude (p<0.001), limb tremor (p<0.001), hypersomnia (p = 0.009), coma (p = 0.018) and dysphoria (p = 0.008), were significantly different between the mild and severe groups. As for laboratory parameters, PLT (p = 0.006), AST (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CK (p = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild and severe groups of SFTS patients. A decision tree based on laboratory parameters and one based on demographic and clinical characteristics were built. Comparing with the decision tree based on demographic and clinical characteristics, the decision tree based on laboratory parameters had a stronger prediction capacity because of its higher accuracy and Youden’s index.

Conclusion

Decision trees can be applied to predict the severity of SFTS.
Positive effect of village debt on land transfer: Evidence from county-level panel data of village finance in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Ye Chunhui , Zheng Suwen , Gu Edward
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of village debt on land transfer. Based on the county-level panel data of village finance and land transfer in 90 counties and 4 economic development zones of Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2017, this paper carried out multivariate statistical analysis and set a fixed effect model to control the endogenous influence of region and time. It found that village debt as a pressure may encourage village committees to promote rural land transfer, and then especially promote land flows into agricultural firms; as a mechanism, the burden of village organization’s transactional debt (historical debt and administrative debt) is the key to promoting the rural land flow to agricultural enterprises; through further analysis, it is found that the village committee seeks "win-win" opportunities by intervening in land circulation to ensure the rights and interests of farmers and to obtain village benefits from them. This paper finds that this kind of push effect has the threshold, the debt will play a significant role in promoting when the debt rate is between 4.65% and 7.9%. In addition, there is regional heterogeneity in the contribution of debt, which exists only in plain, non-coastal and high-dependence areas. The results of this paper verify the view that "community mechanism and market mechanism are embedded and supported each other in acquaintance society" in the theory of community governance. In practice, it provides a realistic basis for policy makers to implement the policy of encouraging farmland circulation and properly deal with the problem of village debt.
Attitudes towards gender roles and prevalence of intimate partner violence perpetrated against pregnant and postnatal women: Differences between women immigrants from conflict-affected countries and women born in Australia
Authors: Hicks Madelyn Hsiao-Rei , Mohsin Mohammed , Silove Derrick , Fisher Jane , Moussa Batool , Steel Zachary , Nancarrow Heather , Nadar Nawal , Klein Louis , Hasoun Fatima , Yousif Mariam , Khalil Batoul , Krishna Yalini , Rees Susan J.
Published: July 2021

Background

The aim was to compare, for the first time in a large systematic study, women born in conflict-affected countries who immigrated to Australia with women born in Australia for attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV and the actual prevalence of IPV. The study also examined if any associations remained across the two timepoints of pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods

Women were interviewed during their first visit to one of three Australian public hospital antenatal clinics and re-interviewed at home six months after giving birth. A total of 1111 women completed both interviews, 583 were born in conflict-affected countries and 528 born in Australia. Associations between attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV, socio-demographic characteristics and reported actual experiences of IPV were examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

Attitudes toward inequitable gender roles including those that condone men’s use of IPV, and prevalence of IPV, were significantly higher (p<0.001) among women born in conflict-affected countries compared to Australia-born women. Women born in conflict-affected countries with the strongest held attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 3.18 for IPV at baseline (95% CI 1.85–5.47) and an aOR of 1.83 for IPV at follow-up (95% CI 1.11–3.01). Women born in Australia with the strongest held attitudes towards gender roles and IPV had an aOR of 7.12 for IPV at baseline (95% CI 2.12–23.92) and an aOR of 10.59 for IPV at follow-up (95% CI 2.21–50.75).

Conclusions

Our results underscore the need for IPV prevention strategies sensitively targeted to communities from conflict-affected countries, and for awareness among clinicians of gender role attitudes that may condone men’s use of IPV, and the associated risk of IPV. The study supports the need for culturally informed national strategies to promote gender equality and to challenge practices and attitudes that condone men’s violence in spousal relationships.
Prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in heart failure patients with mid-range and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lokaj Petr , Spinar Jindrich , Spinarova Lenka , Malek Filip , Ludka Ondrej , Krejci Jan , Ostadal Petr , Vondrakova Dagmar , Labr Karel , Spinarova Monika , Pavkova Goldbergova Monika , Miklikova Marie , Helanova Katerina , Parenicova Ilona , Jakubo Vladimir , Benesova Klara , Miklik Roman , Jarkovsky Jiri , Ondrus Tomas , Parenica Jiri
Published: July 2021

Background

The identification of high-risk heart failure (HF) patients makes it possible to intensify their treatment. Our aim was to determine the prognostic value of a newly developed, high-sensitivity troponin I assay (Atellica®, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF < 40%) and HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF) (LVEF 40%–49%).

Methods and results

A total of 520 patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF were enrolled in this study. Two-year all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and/or left ventricular assist device implantation were defined as the primary endpoints (EP). A logistic regression analysis was used for the identification of predictors and development of multivariable models. The EP occurred in 14% of the patients, and these patients had higher NT-proBNP (1,950 vs. 518 ng/l; p < 0.001) and hs-cTnI (34 vs. 17 ng/l, p < 0.001) levels. C-statistics demonstrated that the optimal cut-off value for the hs-cTnI level was 17 ng/l (AUC 0.658, p < 0.001). Described by the AUC, the discriminatory power of the multivariable model (NYHA > II, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnI and urea) was 0.823 (p < 0.001). Including heart failure hospitalization as the component of the combined secondary endpoint leads to a diminished predictive power of increased hs-cTnI.

Conclusion

hs-cTnI levels ≥ 17 ng/l represent an independent increased risk of an adverse prognosis for patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF. Determining a patient’s hs-cTnI level adds prognostic value to NT-proBNP and clinical parameters.
Deep learning with robustness to missing data: A novel approach to the detection of COVID-19
Authors: Çallı Erdi , Murphy Keelin , Kurstjens Steef , Samson Tijs , Herpers Robert , Smits Henk , Rutten Matthieu , van Ginneken Bram
Published: July 2021

In the context of the current global pandemic and the limitations of the RT-PCR test, we propose a novel deep learning architecture, DFCN (Denoising Fully Connected Network). Since medical facilities around the world differ enormously in what laboratory tests or chest imaging may be available, DFCN is designed to be robust to missing input data. An ablation study extensively evaluates the performance benefits of the DFCN as well as its robustness to missing inputs. Data from 1088 patients with confirmed RT-PCR results are obtained from two independent medical facilities. The data includes results from 27 laboratory tests and a chest x-ray scored by a deep learning model. Training and test datasets are taken from different medical facilities. Data is made publicly available. The performance of DFCN in predicting the RT-PCR result is compared with 3 related architectures as well as a Random Forest baseline. All models are trained with varying levels of masked input data to encourage robustness to missing inputs. Missing data is simulated at test time by masking inputs randomly. DFCN outperforms all other models with statistical significance using random subsets of input data with 2-27 available inputs. When all 28 inputs are available DFCN obtains an AUC of 0.924, higher than any other model. Furthermore, with clinically meaningful subsets of parameters consisting of just 6 and 7 inputs respectively, DFCN achieves higher AUCs than any other model, with values of 0.909 and 0.919.
Antigenic and immunogenic evaluation of permutations of soluble hepatitis C virus envelope protein E2 and E1 antigens
Authors: Prentoe Jannick , Janitzek Christoph M. , Velázquez-Moctezuma Rodrigo , Goksøyr Louise , Olsen Rebecca W. , Fanalista Margherita , Augestad Elias H. , Thrane Susan , Pihl Anne F. , Gottwein Judith M. , Sander Adam F. , Bukh Jens
Published: July 2021

Yearly, about 1.5 million people become chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and for the 71 million with chronic HCV infection about 400,000 die from related morbidities, including liver cirrhosis and cancer. Effective treatments exist, but challenges including cost-of-treatment and wide-spread undiagnosed infection, necessitates the development of vaccines. Vaccines should induce neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the HCV envelope (E) transmembrane glycoprotein 2, E2, which partly depends on its interaction partner, E1, for folding. Here, we generated three soluble HCV envelope protein antigens with the transmembrane regions deleted (i.e., fused peptide backbones), termed sE1E2 (E1 followed by E2), sE2E1 (E2 followed by E1), and sE21E (E2 followed by inverted E1). The E1 inversion for sE21E positions C-terminal residues of E1 near C-terminal residues of E2, which is in analogy to how they likely interact in native E1/E2 complexes. Probing conformational E2 epitope binding using HCV patient-derived human monoclonal antibodies, we show that sE21E was superior to sE2E1, which was consistently superior to sE1E2. This correlated with improved induction of NAbs by sE21E compared with sE2E1 and especially compared with sE1E2 in female BALB/c mouse immunizations. The deletion of the 27 N-terminal amino acids of E2, termed hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), conferred slight increases in antigenicity for sE2E1 and sE21E, but severely impaired induction of antibodies able to neutralize in vitro viruses retaining HVR1. Finally, comparing sE21E with sE2 in mouse immunizations, we show similar induction of heterologous NAbs. In summary, we find that C-terminal E2 fusion of E1 or 1E is superior to N-terminal fusion, both in terms of antigenicity and the induction of heterologous NAbs. This has relevance when designing HCV E1E2 vaccine antigens.
Examination of the roles of a conserved motif in the PriA helicase in structure-specific DNA unwinding and processivity
Authors: Duckworth Alexander T. , Windgassen Tricia A. , Keck James L.
Published: July 2021

DNA replication complexes (replisomes) frequently encounter barriers that can eject them prematurely from the genome. To avoid the lethality of incomplete DNA replication that arises from these events, bacteria have evolved “DNA replication restart” mechanisms to reload replisomes onto abandoned replication forks. The Escherichia coli PriA DNA helicase orchestrates this process by recognizing and remodeling replication forks and recruiting additional proteins that help to drive replisome reloading. We have identified a conserved sequence motif within a linker region of PriA that docks into a groove on the exterior of the PriA helicase domain. Alterations to the motif reduce the apparent processivity and attenuate structure-specific helicase activity in PriA, implicating the motif as a potential autoregulatory element in replication fork processing. The study also suggests that multiple PriA molecules may function in tandem to enhance DNA unwinding processivity, highlighting an unexpected similarity between PriA and other DNA helicases.
Assessment of Red Sea temperatures in CMIP5 models for present and future climate
Authors: Agulles Miguel , Jordà Gabriel , Hoteit Ibrahim , Agustí Susana , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: July 2021

The increase of the temperature in the Red Sea basin due to global warming could have a large negative effect on its marine ecosystem. Consequently, there is a growing interest, from the scientific community and public organizations, in obtaining reliable projections of the Red Sea temperatures throughout the 21st century. However, the main tool used to do climate projections, the global climate models (GCM), may not be well suited for that relatively small region. In this work we assess the skills of the CMIP5 ensemble of GCMs in reproducing different aspects of the Red Sea 3D temperature variability. The results suggest that some of the GCMs are able to reproduce the present variability at large spatial scales with accuracy comparable to medium and high-resolution hindcasts. In general, the skills of the GCMs are better inside the Red Sea than outside, in the Gulf of Aden. Based on their performance, 8 of the original ensemble of 43 GCMs have been selected to project the temperature evolution of the basin. Bearing in mind the GCM limitations, this can be an useful benchmark once the high resolution projections are available. Those models project an averaged warming at the end of the century (2080–2100) of 3.3 ±> 0.6°C and 1.6 ±> 0.4°C at the surface under the scenarios RCP8.5 and RCP4.5, respectively. In the deeper layers the warming is projected to be smaller, reaching 2.2 ±> 0.5°C and 1.5 ±> 0.3°C at 300 m. The projected warming will largely overcome the natural multidecadal variability, which could induce temporary and moderate decrease of the temperatures but not enough to fully counteract it. We have also estimated how the rise of the mean temperature could modify the characteristics of the marine heatwaves in the region. The results show that the average length of the heatwaves would increase ~15 times and the intensity of the heatwaves ~4 times with respect to the present conditions under the scenario RCP8.5 (10 time and 3.6 times, respectively, under scenario RCP4.5).
La utopía clásico-induista, clave del primer conservadurismo religioso
Authors: Armenteros Carolina
Published: July 2021

El primer conservadurismo era una corriente política a veces reacia a comunicar sus ideas de manera directa, por lo que frecuentemente se expresaba a través de la historia y de la erudición. Desde las primeras descripciones jesuitas de la India en el siglo XVI hasta el ocaso del misticismo histórico-romántico trescientos años después, este artículo narra la historia de la utopía clásico-indianista que acabaría transmitiendo los ideales del primer conservadurismo religioso. El texto examina, entre otros temas, la indología jesuita, el romanticismo alemán, la política educativa rusa y el misticismo francófono histórico-romántico. En lugar de considerar al  orientalismo y los estudios clásicos como el entretenimiento inconsecuente de una élite educada, el artículo argumenta que estas ocupaciones formaron una parte integral de la civilización europea decimonónica. La utopía clásico-indianista contribuyó a fundar la etnología y la lingüística comparada, a fomentar la erudición histórica y científica, a crear nuevas instituciones públicas y a establecer las humanidades frente al cientismo como las bases de la educación europea. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, el artículo propone igualmente esta utopía como la clave de un movimiento político y religioso cuyos ideales podrían de otra manera pasar desapercibidos o ser difíciles de vislumbrar.
Lo que ocurre es que él es ella: Un análisis de las crónicas de Teresa de Escoriaza sobre el desastre de Annual (1921)
Authors: Gajate Bajo María
Published: July 2021

A raíz del desplome de la Comandancia General de Melilla (julio de 1921), el Ejército de África, encabezado por la Legión, asumió la tarea de recuperar el territorio perdido. Las guerras coloniales entre España y Marruecos durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX acapararon la atención de muchos reporteros, especialmente, el episodio conocido como Desastre de Annual. Tal fue el caso de Teresa de Escoriaza (1891-1968), una profesional polifacética, capaz de hacerse un hueco en el panorama periodístico de aquel entonces. Teresa llegaría al Protectorado hispano-francés como enviada del rotativo izquierdista La Libertad. Mostrando su plena identificación con el patriotismo castrense, envío un total de dieciocho crónicas a su periódico, que se publicaron entre los días 3 y 27 de septiembre de ese mismo año. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar minuciosamente estas crónicas y reflexionar sobre la relación de Teresa con la oficialidad africanista y su sintonía con el público en general y su sintonía con el público en general.
FRASQUET, Ivana; PERALTA, Víctor (eds.), La revolución política. Entre autonomías e independencias en Hispanoamérica. Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2020, 302 pp.
Authors: Escrig Rosa Josep
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: FRASQUET, Ivana; PERALTA, Víctor (eds.), La revolución política. Entre autonomías e independencias en Hispanoamérica. Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2020, ISBN: 9788491237952, 302 pp.
Carmelo Lisón Tolosana y la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas
Authors: Ramírez Jerez Pablo
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza la figura de Carmelo Lisón Tolosana como académico de número de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, institución en la que fue admitido en 1992 y en la que desarrolló una amplia actividad intelectual a través de sus numerosas asistencias y en su papel como Bibliotecario de la misma.
Carmelo Lisón y la experiencia del trabajo de campo
Authors: Lisón-Arcal José C.
Published: July 2021

Este texto se centra en resaltar algunos aspectos prácticos de la forma de hacer trabajo de campo y de entender la docencia de Carmelo Lisón. Presta especial atención a su papel innovador y a su perseverancia para sobreponerse a las dificultades que implicaba introducir en el proceso de investigación lo que en su momento eran novedosas tecnologías que cambiaban la forma tradicional de pensar y actuar en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento antropológico.
A karanténoktatás tapasztalatai szegregátumban és azon kívül
Authors: Németh Szilvia , Rajnai Richárd , Cziboly Ádám , Bethlenfalvy Ádám
Published: July 2021

A magyar közoktatás rendszerének legnagyobb közelmúltbeli kihívását az online oktatás 2020. márciusi bevezetése jelentette, egyúttal rengeteg tanulsággal járt: egyebek mellett arról, hogyan szerveződik újra az oktatás/tanulás folyamata a digitális térben, miképpen alakulnak át a tanár-, szülő- és diákszerepek, hogyan változnak meg a közoktatás szereplői közötti kommunikációs folyamatok, illetőleg mi jellemzi a megváltozott körülmények között, az „iskolai” médiahasználatot? Ezekre a kérdésekre is választ kerestünk, amikor – e folyamattal egyidőben – a nemzetközi standard vizsgálatokhoz kapcsolódva, empirikus kutatásokat végeztünk a 13-17 év közötti gyermekek online tanulási és internethasználati szokásairól.

A jelen tanulmány fókuszcsoportos interjúk eredményeire támaszkodva mutatja be és értelmezi az online oktatás három hónapjára jellemző újfajta médiahasználati szokásokat, a különböző szülői, tanulói és tanári tapasztalatokat, a jellegzetes, szociokulturálisan is meghatározott problémamegoldási stratégiákat.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Various Dental Patients According to the Different Types of Dental Treatments
Authors: Shinde Namrata Nitin , Shinde Rutuja Balasaheb , Patil Poonam Hanmantrao
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is mostly prone to various dysfunctions or abnormalities, even with a slight alteration in its normal function. Dental treatments in particular are known to cause stresses on this joint causing complications such as pain, tenderness, restricted movement, clicking sound etc. It can become severe with time and interfere in the daily living activities and affect the quality of life (QOL). Hence, this study was done to focus on a few common dental conditions to determine their effects on TMJ. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction in dental patients with varying treatment durations. METHODS A total of 130 male and female dental patients who underwent /were undergoing various dental treatments were included, on the basis of age (18 - 45). The total number of samples were collected from 6 categories i.e., endodontic, orthodontic, cleaning / scaling, tooth extraction, filling, multiple treatments. FONSECA’S questionnaire was used as an outcome measure to determine the TMJ dysfunction. RESULTS Based on the assessment of all the 6 categories, major dysfunction was seen in the patients who underwent multiple treatments (86 %) followed by orthodontic (75 %), endodontic (73 %), tooth extraction (70 %), dental tooth filling (65 %) and the least was seen in patients of scaling / cleaning (61 %). CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of TMJ dysfunction has shown significant positive results in dental patients among which 71.5 % of them have shown mild to severe TMJ dysfunction and 29.5 % have shown negative results. KEY WORDS TMJ Dysfunction, FONSECA’s Questionnaire, Orthodontic, Endodontic, Cleaning, Scaling, Tooth Extraction
On Filtration in a Rectangular Interchange with a particularly Unpermatable Vertical wall in the Evaporation
Authors: Bireslavskii E.N. , Dudina L.M.
Published: July 2021

We consider a plane steady-state filtration in a rectangular bridge with a partially impermeable vertical wall in the presence of evaporation from a free surface of groundwater. To study the effect of evaporation, a mixed multiparametric boundary-value problem of the theory of analytic functions is formulated and using the method of P. Y. Polubarinova-Kochina. Based on the proposed model, an algorithm is developed to calculate the dependence of efficiency and productivity of hydrodynamic analysis.
Molybdenum Trioxide Microrods synthesized with Corn Straw as Biological Templates and its Electrochemical Performance in Aqueous Battery
Authors: Sun Jianzhi , Dong Yan , Wang Xinfang , Kong Chunyan , Hong Jinming , Li Chunhui
Published: July 2021

In this paper, MoO3 microrods was prepared using corn straw as biological template via roasting process．The components and crystal characterization of the material were investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD)，scanning electron microscopy( SEM), and the electrochemistry property and mechanism was studied．The results show that the MoO3 material synthesized by template method is Orthorhombic structures．And the MoO3 particles were submicron and micron rods with uniform distribution and a smooth surface. MoO3 microrods had an average diameter that ranged from 1 to 2 μm. The result indicated that the MoO3 as the new negative of aluminum battery delivers a higher discharge capacity of 190 mAh/g at a scanning rate of 1mv/s, which showing good capacity and cycling performance.
Privatization of «Far Eastern Hectares»: Why (Not) Develop?
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Feoktistova Kseniia
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the current land privatization under the program «Far Eastern Hectare». An attempt was made based on the provisions of the neoinstitutional economic theory, to explain the insignificant actual amount of private investment with a large number of applications for free land. To identify the features of the ownership of land at the Russian Far East, changing under the influence of the program being analyzed, a selective survey of participants, expert interviews and analysis of cases were carried out. The results obtained are part of the study of the School of Economics and Management of the Far Eastern Federal University dedicated to the natural experiment of privatization flowing in the FEFD since 2016
National Timber Industry Complex: Changes in Spatial Distribution
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Antonova Natalia
Published: July 2021

An assessment of spatial changes in the timber industry complex in Russia has been carried out. Based on the estimates obtained, it was concluded that the traditional leaders, which include the regions of the North-Western and Siberian Federal Districts, continue to determine the all-Russian trends in the timber industry. In the production of unprocessed wood and sawn wood, there has been a significant spatial shift in favor of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, which entailed an increase in the production of timber products on a national scale. The main factors that influenced the spatial shifts in the timber industry are identified, the leading role of the factors of external markets and internal institutional changes is shown, and their influence on the parameters of regional timber industry complexes is considered