bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Custodianship of Shahidganj in colonial Lahore: Land, land use and the formation of religious community, 1850–1936
Authors: Haroon Sana
Published: May 2017

This article presents the history of the administration and management of the Lahore Shahidganj, a site that was disputed between Muslims and Sikhs, from 1850 to 1936. Drawing on a rare and detailed record of land bequest, management of the Shahidganj site by its ‘unreformed’ Sikh mahants from 1850 to 1928, and representations by Anjuman-i Islamia and Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), this article accounts for almost 100 years of history of development, use of and ambitions for this site. This highly textured account of personal and familial interests, urban land use and Sikh and Muslim shrine worship and orthodoxy at the Shahidganj is one of very few long-ranging studies of religious endowments in colonial India. The dispute over Shahidganj has largely been understood through the lenses of symbolic association and communal politics; this study complicates the understanding of formation of community at this place of worship in colonial north India by focusing on the nature and significance of custodial control over the site under colonial law and administrative practice. It demonstrates public participation and use of this religious site to be contingent on the rights and practices of custodians, both real and prospective. This article complicates the view that places of worship in colonial India were inherently accessible and supported the formation of religious publics, instead demonstrating how religious uses of the Shahidganj site were managed and deeply contested.
Book Review: Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations
Authors: Hanlon Julie A.
Published: May 2017

Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade: Political Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Exchange Relations, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2016, 330 pp.
Book Review: Sumbul Halim Khan, Art and Craft Workshops Under the Mughals: A Study of Jaipur Karkhanas
Authors: Kumar Mayurakshi
Published: May 2017

Sumbul Halim Khan, Art and Craft Workshops Under the Mughals: A Study of Jaipur Karkhanas, New Delhi: Primus Books, 2015, 128 pp.
The relationship between religiosity/spirituality, social support, and quality of life among elderly Chilean people
Authors: Gallardo-Peralta Lorena P
Published: May 2017

This study analyses the association between the various dimensions of religiosity and spirituality and the different aspects of quality of life in elderly Chilean people. It also evaluates the specificity of this association with respect to social support processes. The study involved a sample of 777 elderly people living in the far north of Chile. The results obtained via hierarchical regression analysis show a specific association of spirituality with quality of life. Religiosity only presents a specific association with quality of life in terms of the relationship between support from the congregation and satisfaction with social relationships. We conclude that religiosity and spirituality should be included in social work interventions.
The Failure of the Black Greek Letter Organization
Authors: Chambers Ali D.
Published: May 2017

Between 1906 and 1920, eight of the most prominent Black Greek-letter organizations were established. The creation of the Black fraternity had a dual purpose. First, these organizations were established for the greater purpose of pooling the resources of African Americans in the hopes of acquiring an education. Second, these organizations were formed as an attempt by Black students to gain acceptance into American society. Black Greek-letter organizations are some of the most influential organizations in the country. Collectively, these organizations claim approximately 800,000 members, with many coming from the social elite of Black culture. Despite the great influence and vast membership that these organizations possess, the activities of the Black Greek-letter organization have included secret meetings, selective membership, and a preference for lighter-complexioned members. Moreover, the failure and shortcomings of the Black Greek-letter organization have allowed Black elites to create a separate privileged society based on snobbery and arrogance and have thus enabled these organizations to perpetuate the vicious cycle of racial prejudice and White supremacy.
The legacy of foreign patrons
Authors: Karlén Niklas
Published: May 2017

Why do some armed conflicts that have ended experience renewed fighting while others do not? Previous research on conflict recurrence has approached this question by looking at domestic factors such as how the war was fought, how it ended or factors associated with its aftermath. With the exception of the literature on third-party security guarantees, the influence of outside actors has often been overlooked. This article explores the role of external states and suggests when and how their involvement is likely to affect the probability of renewed warfare. The main argument is that the legacy of outside support creates an external support structure that affects the previous combatants’ willingness as well as their opportunities to remobilize. This means that armed conflicts with external state support will experience a greater likelihood of recurrence compared to other conflicts which did not see external support. The theory is tested using Cox proportional hazards models on global data of intrastate armed conflicts 1975–2009. The findings suggest that external support to rebels increases the risk of conflict recurrence in the short term as groups receive or anticipate renewed assistance. The results also indicate that it is more important for rebel groups to have had enduring support over the years in the previous conflict rather than access to multiple state sponsors. External support provided to governments is not associated with conflict recurrence.
Preservice to Inservice: Does Mathematics Anxiety Change With Teaching Experience?
Authors: Gresham Gina
Published: May 2017

Inservice teachers, participants in a prior study on mathematics anxiety, were revisited to determine whether their levels of mathematics anxiety still existed and/or continued to change after 5 years teaching experience. A 98-item Likert-type survey, informal discussions, informal interviews, and questionnaire-guided narrative interviews were conducted. Date revealed that all inservice teachers still experienced some degree of mathematics anxiety ( p < .001). Results have implications for teacher education programs concerning the continued professional support of teachers, measurement of mathematics anxiety levels among pre- and inservice teachers, and the determination of specific contexts in which mathematics anxiety can be interpreted and reduced.
Les ambivalences du succès monastique. Étude de cas
Authors: Palmisano Stefania
Published: May 2017

This article explores the dynamics of success in a monastery and its consequences for monastic life, regarding both internal organization and relations with the outside world. The opportunity to reflect on these topics comes from events taking place in Bose (Piedmont, Italy), one of the best-known and most lively NMCs in Europe. Based on field research carried out between 2011 and 2014, I review the history of the institutional, organizational and economic changes which it has undergone – from poor, anonymous and under suspicion of deviance to well-off, media-friendly and exemplary – and I analyse the repercussions of these changes for the monastic community. Leading questions are as follows: Why and how has Bose changed throughout its history? What strategies has the founder adopted to accomplish these changes? How has he built up his charisma? How are his agency and his charisma linked and how do they influence each other? Finally, has Bose’s success led the community astray from the spirit of the founding aims and values?
Continuous Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Inhibits the Growth of Surgically Induced Endometriosis in the Ovariectomized Mouse Treated with high Dose Estradiol
Authors: Yang Jack Z. , Foster Warren G.
Published: May 2017

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of repeated injection of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the growth of endometriosis and the formation of adhesions in the mouse. Sexually mature female B6C3F1 mice (n = 19) were ovariectomized and subcutaneously implanted with a silastic capsule containing estradiol (E2). Uterine tissues in full thickness (1 × 1 mm2, 5 pieces) from the left uterine horn were surgically autotransplanted to 5 different locations in the peritoneal cavity. One week later the animals were randomly assigned to four groups and treated with: vehicle alone (corn oil), 10, 50, or 100 ng/kg/day TCDD for 28 days. Two days after last dose a necropsy was performed to measure the diameter of endometrial implants and to score the adhesions. Endometrial implants were harvested for histology and blood was collected for assessment of E2 levels. The diameter of endometrial implants was significantly smaller in the TCDD treated groups compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Survival of endometrial implants, the formation and scores of adhesions, and serum E2 levels were not significantly different among the dosing groups. Histology of implants showed a significant regression of endometrial tissues in the animals receiving 50 and 100 ng/kg/day TCDD compared to the controls. We conclude that continuous exposure to TCDD resulted in regression of the endometriotic implants in the ovariectomized mice treated with a high dose exogenous E2.
Increased Survival and Partly Preserved Cognition in a Patient With ACO2-Related Disease Secondary to a Novel Variant
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Gubbels Cynthia S. , Dies Kira , Fulton Anne , Yu Timothy , Sahin Mustafa
Published: May 2017

ACO2 encodes aconitase 2, catalyzing the second step of the tricarboxylic acid. To date, there are only 6 reported families with 5 unique ACO2 mutations. Affected individuals can develop intellectual disability, epilepsy, brain atrophy, hypotonia, ataxia, optic atrophy, and retinal degeneration. Here, we report an 18-year-old boy with a novel ACO2 variant discovered on whole-exome sequencing. He presented with childhood-onset ataxia, impaired self-help skills comparable to severe-profound intellectual disability, intractable epilepsy, cerebellar atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy, and pigmentary retinopathy. His variant is the sixth unique ACO2 mutation. In addition, compared to mild cases (isolated optic atrophy) and severe cases (infantile death), our patient may be moderately affected, evident by increased survival and some preserved cognition (ability to speak full sentences and follow commands), which is a novel presentation. This case expands the disease spectrum to include increased survival with partly spared cognition.
Assessment for improving the performance of NICUs: The Italian experience
Authors: Fanelli Simone , Zangrandi Antonello
Published: May 2017

This paper describes neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Italy using a set of organizational variables identifying management profile. The correlations between variables, and how these are impacted by structural aspects of the department or hospital, are investigated. The research was conducted within the 5-year far-reaching and complex SONAR study run by the Italian Neonatal Network, which maps NICU, monitors outcomes of member centres, defines organizational models, and identifies best practices to improve care quality. Seven variables relating to activities, organization processes, and behaviour models used in the SONAR study were used here to assess NICU. Data from 54 Italian NICUs, 1601 nursing staff, and 643 doctors were used. We identified high levels of variation in NICUs for all aspects of organization. We also identified important opportunities for improvement, especially in the areas of performance measurement, quality improvement, and learning for healthcare staff. In terms of structural characteristics, we identified big differences between NICUs in the north and south of Italy. The findings provide a description of NICUs in Italy and identify a set of variables useful for management in assessing NICU, which are among the most complex and costly operational units in a hospital.
Legal Dimensions to Valuing Aesthetics in World Heritage Decisions
Authors: Palmer Alice
Published: May 2017

This article reveals the ways in which concepts associated with the humanities inform determinations of ‘outstanding universal’ aesthetic value of natural heritage under the World Heritage Convention. Language derived from humanistic ideas of beauty, the sublime and the picturesque, together with a range of images, are used in World Heritage deliberations to describe nature from, in the words of the treaty, ‘an aesthetic point of view’. However, a preference for ‘scientific method’ masks the use of humanistic approaches, impeding the development of critical approaches that could enhance World Heritage determinations. The deliberate use of humanistic methods and images to judge environmental aesthetics would, the article contends, facilitate critical inquiry without falling foul the ‘principle of legality’ – an international legal requirement of international bodies such as the World Heritage Committee to act in accordance with the powers conferred on them by the states parties under a treaty.
Land Price, Bubbles and Permit Raj
Authors: Singh Gurbachan
Published: May 2017

Even where adequate land is available for urban development, there can be high persistent land prices and high-rise buildings. Why? Are high prices always related to bubbles? This article examines these questions. It reconsiders whether high rural land price causes high urban land price or it is the other way round. It is shown that the root cause can lie elsewhere in the Permit Raj in the real estate sector. Dismantling this can make housing more affordable, and increase the economic surplus, potentially providing more room for welfare schemes including those related to land and housing.
Improving the Lot of Indian Farmers
Authors: Gangopadhyay Shubhashis , Sen Paroma
Published: May 2017

About a hundred years ago, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar had talked about moving people out of farming to solve not only the problem of rural poverty but also of overall development. This article argues that Ambedkar’s recommendation continues to be valid even today. Compared to most countries that are otherwise comparable, India has fallen woefully short of providing opportunities and incentives for small farmers to leave farming.
Postmortem examination of Australian sea snakes (Hydrophiinae): Anatomy and common pathologic conditions
Authors: Gillett Amber K. , Ploeg Richard , Flint Mark , Mills Paul C.
Published: May 2017

There is limited published information about disease in wild sea snakes and no standardized guideline for postmortem examination of sea snakes. Identifying causes of morbidity and mortality of marine vertebrate species has been pivotal to understanding disease factors implicated in stranding events and assisting with the formulation of conservation plans. Additionally, postmortem findings can provide valuable information on life history traits and the ecology of these reclusive species. Sick, moribund, or dead sea snakes are intermittently washed ashore along Australian and international beaches and provide an opportunity to examine a subset of the population and identify causes of population decline. We present an illustrated description of sea snake anatomy and describe a systematic approach to postmortem examination of sea snakes. We describe common pathologic conditions identified from clinical and postmortem examinations of stranded Australian sea snakes from southeast Queensland. Notable pathologic conditions include traumatic injury, inflammatory conditions, parasitic infections, and neoplasia.
Analytical validation of a reference laboratory ELISA for the detection of feline leukemia virus p27 antigen
Authors: Buch Jesse S. , Clark Genevieve H. , Cahill Roberta , Thatcher Brendon , Smith Peter , Chandrashekar Ramaswamy , Leutenegger Christian M. , O’Connor Thomas P. , Beall Melissa J.
Published: May 2017

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus of cats. Immunoassays for the p27 core protein of FeLV aid in the detection of FeLV infections. Commercial microtiter-plate ELISAs have rapid protocols and visual result interpretation, limiting their usefulness in high-throughput situations. The purpose of our study was to validate the PetChek FeLV 15 ELISA, which is designed for the reference laboratory, and incorporates sequential, orthogonal screening and confirmatory protocols. A cutoff for the screening assay was established with 100% accuracy using 309 feline samples (244 negative, 65 positive) defined by the combined results of FeLV PCR and an independent reference p27 antigen ELISA. Precision of the screening assay was measured using a panel of 3 samples (negative, low-positive, and high-positive). The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.9–7.9%; the inter-assay CV was 6.0–8.6%. For the confirmatory assay, the intra-assay CV was 3.0–4.7%, and the inter-assay CV was 7.4–9.7%. The analytical sensitivity for p27 antigen was 3.7 ng/mL for inactivated whole FeLV and 1.2 ng/mL for purified recombinant FeLV p27. Analytical specificity was demonstrated based on the absence of cross-reactivity to related retroviruses. No interference was observed for samples containing added bilirubin, hemoglobin, or lipids. Based on these results, the new high-throughput design of the PetChek FeLV 15 ELISA makes it suitable for use in reference laboratory settings and maintains overall analytical performance.
Mandibular odontoameloblastoma in a rat and a horse
Authors: Murphy Brian , Bell Cynthia , Koehne Amanda , Dubielzig Richard R.
Published: May 2017

Odontoameloblastoma (OA) is a mixed odontogenic tumor that is an ameloblastoma with concurrent histologic evidence of odontoma differentiation. As a mixed tumor, OA is a tripartite lesion comprised of neoplastic odontogenic epithelium, induced dental ectomesenchyme (dental pulp), and mineralized dental matrix. Although rare, OA represents a diagnostic conundrum, as it is histologically closely related to 2 other mixed odontogenic tumors: odontoma (complex and compound) and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. Herein we describe an OA arising from the mandible of a 4-mo-old Fischer 344 rat that had been exposed in utero to the mutagen ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea), and a naturally occurring lesion in a 2-y-old Appaloosa horse. In order to satisfy the diagnostic criteria for this lesion, mineralized dental matrix in relationship to neoplastic odontogenic epithelium must be identifiable within the OA lesion. This group of odontogenic tumors is differentiated by the degree to which the dental matrix is organized and the relative proportions of pulp ectomesenchyme, odontogenic matrix, and odontogenic epithelium.
Flexoelectricity, strain gradients, and singularities in ferroelectric nanostructures
Authors: Oates William S
Published: May 2017

The effect of flexoelectricity on the formation and evolution of domain structures in ferroelectric materials is developed by integrating strain gradient theory into a finite element phase field model. Length scales associated with elastic strain gradients and the corresponding polarization gradient across a domain wall are integrated into the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory and numerical simulated. Theoretical relations of a shear strain gradient along an electrode/dielectric interface are first solved and verified numerically using the finite element model. A singularity in the strain gradient–induced polarization is shown to occur as the elastic strain gradient length scale approaches a flexoelectric length scale. The theory and finite element modeling is then extended to quantify strain gradient electromechanics near 180° and 90° tetragonal phase domain structures. It is shown that the strain gradient length scale [Formula: see text] strongly influences changes in strain across the domain walls but has a negligible effect on the polarization. Strain gradient effects become negligible when [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the polarization domain wall length scale.
Experiential Learning in Primary Care: Impact on Veterinary Students’ Communication Confidence
Authors: Barron Daniella , Khosa Deep , Jones-Bitton Andria
Published: May 2017

Experiential learning is essential in medical and veterinary student education and can improve students’ communication with clients during medical appointments. There is limited research in veterinary education investigating the effectiveness of experiential learning environments to provide an integrative approach to teaching. The present study uses an experiential learning environment to introduce an integrative approach to communication skills training in veterinary clinical education. Participants were final year veterinary students whose self-confidence around 28 common clinical communication statements frequently discussed in clinical practice was assessed before and after a 3-week experiential learning rotation. Client and veterinary doctor ratings on students’ performance were also assessed. Students’ self-confidence in all but one of the clinical communication statements improved significantly ( p < .05). Veterinary doctor and clients’ ratings were overall positive. The results from this study supports the use of experiential learning to promote an integrated learning approach in veterinary education.
If All Else Fails, A Corporate Death Penalty?
Authors: Hulpke John F.
Published: May 2017

Corruption remains. Misdeeds continue. Punishments if any have been light. Corporations that totally fail to meet accepted standards of conduct should be forced to cease existence. Companies that achieve goals via corruption, cause permanent environmental damage, cause physical pain and death, and violate basic human rights should be subject to a corporate death penalty. The traditional death penalty relates to individuals. I move the death penalty discussion to the organizational level. There are weapons available that can make a corporate death penalty possible. Business actions that fail to adhere to norms of good conduct continue. If Volkswagen or other examples in this volume were forced out of existence, this would send a message. Tools exist; it is time to use them.
Structure, Reliability, Measurement Stability, and Construct Validity of the Polish Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale
Authors: Skoczeń Ilona , Rogoza Radosław , Rogoza Marta , Ebesutani Chad , Chorpita Bruce
Published: May 2017

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders in children. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the RCADS. Study 1 was conducted to analyze the structural validity and reliability of the RCADS scores and Study 2 assessed the longitudinal measurement of stability over time. Data were collected from a community sample of 501 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years in Poland. The original 47-item version of the Polish RCADS was compared with two shortened versions: 30- and 20-item versions. Overall results revealed support for the structural and construct validity, reliability, and stability of the Polish version of the RCADS.
Changes to the septo-fornical area might play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Mike Andrea , Cavallari Michele , Strammer Erzsebet , Orsi Gergely , Healy Brian C , Schregel Katharina , Illes Zsolt , Guttmann Charles RG
Published: May 2017

Background:

Reports on the relationships between white matter lesion load (WMLL) and fatigue and anxiety in multiple sclerosis (MS) are inconsistent.

Objective:

To investigate the association of total and tract-specific WMLL with fatigue and anxiety.

Methods:

Total and regional T2 WMLL was assessed for 19 tracts in 48 MS patients (30 females). ICBM-DTI-81 Atlas-based parcellation was combined with WMLL segmentation of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fatigue, anxiety, and depression were assessed using Fatigue Impact Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively.

Results:

Fatigue, anxiety, and depression showed significant inter-correlation. We found no association between fatigue and total or regional WMLLs, whereas anxiety was associated with total and regional WMLLs in nine tracts. After adjusting for total WMLL, age, and depression, only the column and body of the fornix (CBF) remained significantly associated with anxiety. Post hoc analyses showed no CBF lesions on T1-weighted MRI and suggested, but could not confirm, that the septum pellucidum might play a role in the pathogenesis of anxiety.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that anxiety in MS patients may have a neuropathological substrate in the septo-fornical area, which requires further validation using larger sample size and ultra-high-field MRI in targeted prospective studies.
Reduced cellularity of bone marrow in multiple sclerosis with decreased MSC expansion potential and premature ageing in vitro
Authors: Redondo Juliana , Sarkar Pamela , Kemp Kevin , Virgo Paul F , Pawade Joya , Norton Aimie , Emery David C , Guttridge Martin G , Marks David I , Wilkins Alastair , Scolding Neil J , Rice Claire M
Published: May 2017

Background:

Autologous bone-marrow-derived cells are currently employed in clinical studies of cell-based therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) although the bone marrow microenvironment and marrow-derived cells isolated from patients with MS have not been extensively characterised.

Objectives:

To examine the bone marrow microenvironment and assess the proliferative potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in progressive MS.

Methods:

Comparative phenotypic analysis of bone marrow and marrow-derived MSCs isolated from patients with progressive MS and control subjects was undertaken.

Results:

In MS marrow, there was an interstitial infiltrate of inflammatory cells with lymphoid (predominantly T-cell) nodules although total cellularity was reduced. Controlling for age, MSCs isolated from patients with MS had reduced in vitro expansion potential as determined by population doubling time, colony-forming unit assay, and expression of β-galactosidase. MS MSCs expressed reduced levels of Stro-1 and displayed accelerated shortening of telomere terminal restriction fragments (TRF) in vitro.

Conclusion:

Our results are consistent with reduced proliferative capacity and ex vivo premature ageing of bone-marrow-derived cells, particularly MSCs, in MS. They have significant implication for MSC-based therapies for MS and suggest that accelerated cellular ageing and senescence may contribute to the pathophysiology of progressive MS.
A Physical Education Intervention Effects on Correlates of Physical Activity and Motivation
Authors: Palmer Stephen E. , Bycura Dierdra K. , Warren Meghan
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to measure effects of a modified physical education (PE) unit on leisure time physical activity (LTPA), relative autonomy, and known correlates of LTPA in seventh-grade boys and girls. Method. A seventh-grade mountain biking unit was modified to include instructional activities targeting known correlates of PA behavior following principles of Physical Education Dedicated to Physical Activity for Life (PEDAL). A three-group design (intervention, standard PE, no PE) was employed. Participants completed a survey at baseline, postintervention, and follow-up at 4 weeks. Results. A total of 300 seventh graders (girls = 151) from two schools completed the surveys. Data suggest PE may influence certain correlates of and autonomous motivation for PA although results revealed no intervention main effects for continuous and noncontinuous dependent variables. Results also provide evidence of sport-specific skill being improved through physical education. Conclusion. While results of this study showed no main effects from the intervention, data suggest PE may influence certain correlates of and autonomous motivation for PA. This warrants attention toward autonomy supporting PE environments and instruction sensitive to autonomous motivation. Future studies should examine PEDAL-designed PE programs over an entire year or more.
First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Women's Experiences of Cancer Survivorship: Protocol for the National Picture Project
Authors: Thomas Roanne , Gifford Wendy , Poudrier Jennifer , Hamilton Ryan , Brooks Carolyn , Scott Tracy , Morrison Tricia , Warner Doris , Hammond Chad
Published: May 2017

Little is known about First Nations, Inuit, and Métis (FNIM) women's experiences with cancer, including how they relate to cultural and social factors such as geography, history, racism, identity, traditional values/practices, and spirituality. Research into FNIM women's strengths and challenges in relation to cancer is much needed. Our team, in partnership with Saint Elizabeth Health, is documenting the experiences and needs of 60 FNIM cancer survivors across Canada, using sharing sessions, photography (photovoice), journaling, and film. We will evaluate the impact of photography and journaling on the participants to assist with the future development of supportive programs and health- care delivery. This innovative research will result in a video, which will address gaps in knowledge and care. The video will then be screened in several communities and will be publicly available. In future projects, the findings and video will be used in supportive programs for cancer survivors and in educational initiatives for health professionals.
“But I Wanted to Appear Happy”: How using Arts-Informed and Mixed Methods Approaches Complicate Qualitatively Driven Research on Culture Shock
Authors: Shannon-Baker Peggy
Published: May 2017

The study of culture shock has been limited in terms of the use of mixed methods research and arts-informed approaches. The purpose of this research was to expand upon the understanding of culture shock through the use of a mixed methods research design that included arts-informed, qualitative, and quantitative procedures. This study used a concurrent parallel design where all three data types were collected simultaneously, analyzed separately, and then analyzed together. It is based on an information-rich sampling of 10 undergraduate students participating in a short-term study abroad program based in the United States of America that traveled to a South American country. All data were collected throughout the duration of the program: self-portraits and explanatory artist statements, open-ended reflective journals, and responses to a modified version of the Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale. The analyses of each of these sets of data (i.e., the initial analysis stage) revealed a complexity of emotions that students experienced as part of their culture shock, the impact of interacting with others, and their heightened experience of culture shock upon returning home. The integration of these findings resulted in a reconsideration of the qualitative data to highlight the importance of interactions with locals while abroad as being particularly important to alleviate culture shock. The article concludes by considering the implications of the arts-informed data and the use of a mixed methods research design for the interpretation of the qualitative data and for qualitative researchers in general.
Timeline Mapping in Qualitative Interviews: A Study of Resilience with Marginalized Groups
Authors: Kolar Kat , Ahmad Farah , Chan Linda , Erickson Patricia G.
Published: May 2017

Growing interest in visual timeline methods signals a need for critical engagement. Drawing on critical emancipatory epistemologies in our study exploring resilience among marginalized groups, we investigate how the creation of visual timelines informs verbal semistructured interviewing. We consider both how experiences of drawing timelines and how the role of the timeline in interviews varied for South Asian immigrant women who experienced domestic violence, and street-involved youth who experienced prior or recent violent victimization. Here we focus on three overarching themes developed through analysis of timelines: (a) rapport building, (b) participants as navigators, and (c) therapeutic moments and positive closure. In the discussion, we engage with the potential of visual timelines to supplement and situate semistructured interviewing, and illustrate how the framing of research is central to whether that research maintains a critical emancipatory orientation.
Blurring the Boundaries between Photovoice and Narrative Inquiry: A Narrative-Photovoice Methodology for Gender-Based Research
Authors: Simmonds Shan , Roux Cornelia , Avest Ina ter
Published: May 2017

Photovoice provides alternative ways of doing research with schoolgirls, who are vulnerable and often under-acknowledged research participants. It is particularly valuable in dealing with sensitive topics such as gender-based violence, poverty and HIV/AIDS and other chronic illnesses. Photovoice is thus widely employed in disciplines such as health, education, economics, sociology, anthropology, and geography. Up until now, however, it has been predominantly underpinned by participatory action research and other community-based participatory related methodologies. This article explores the possibility of blurring the boundaries between photovoice and narrative inquiry to create a narrative-photovoice methodology for gender-based research. In this study, South African schoolgirls participate as coresearchers employing narrative-photovoice and reflect on the value and limitations of this methodology for making meaning of gender (in)equity in their everyday lives. The main findings are categorized into the following themes: (a) superstition and suspicion: a gatekeeper to gaining access, (b) embracing creativity, (c) moving beyond the abstract, (d) digital versus disposable camera, (e) and having fun while learning. In the conclusion, the authors reflect on the participants' experiences of doing narrative-photovoice and highlight particular considerations for using this methodology.
Genetic Diversity of the Atlantic Ghost Crab Ocypode quadrata (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) in Two Beaches With Different Anthropogenic Disturbance in the North Coast of Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Peña-Toribio Arturo , López-López Eugenia , Flores-Martínez José J. , Sanchez-Cordero Víctor , Gómez-Lunar Zulema , Ruiz Enrico A.
Published: May 2017

The constant demographic expansion of human population is now recognized as a stressing factor for ecological communities on beaches, and their effects have been barely explored in developing countries such as Mexico, where heavy coastline industrialization is currently undergoing. In this work, we study how anthropogenic factors have affected the Atlantic Ghost Crab ( Ocypode quadrata) in two beaches with different anthropogenic disturbance in northern Veracruz (near Tuxpan and Tamiahua), Mexico. To this end, we evaluated the species genetic diversity using a fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase I gene, along with several measurements (number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, and nucleotide diversity, etc.), estimations of genetic relationship (haplotype network, phylogenetic analysis, gene flow), and statistical tests on average genetic distances (Student’s t test). We found 32 haplotypes, 22 from Tuxpan and 15 from Tamiahua. Despite the occurrence of almost 50% more haplotypes in Tuxpan than in Tamiahua, the correction for differences in sample size indicated that such a difference is statistically nonsignificant. A similar pattern was found with other genetic measurements. Similarly, the haplotype network and the phylogenetic reconstruction failed to recover haplotype clusters or haplogroups associated exclusively to one or another beach, whereas gene flow between localities was of the same order of magnitude in both directions. The Student’s t test showed that differences in genetic distances between localities (estimated using p-distances and Jukes-Cantor 69) were not statistically significant. Finally, although the anthropogenic effects between beaches in Tuxpan and Tamiahua are remarkable different, this has not been reflected in the genetic diversity of O. quadrata.
Between Accommodating and Activating: Framing Policy Reforms in Response to Workforce Aging across Europe
Authors: Kroon Anne C. , Vliegenthart Rens , van Selm Martine
Published: May 2017

In the past decade, European governments have implemented activating policy reforms to maximize older workers’ employment and employability, representing a paradigmatic change in approaches to work and retirement. This study isolates the factors that explain the relative success and failure of competitive frames that are either in favor of or against activating policies in European news coverage, by applying time-series analysis (ordinary least squares with panel-corrected standard errors) to monthly aggregated news coverage in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Spain over the timespan 2006–2013. The results show that pro-activating and counteractivating frames generally coincide in competitive framing environments. The pro-activating frame proliferated in times of high employment protection, whereas the counteractivating frame prevailed stronger in conservative compared with progressive newspapers, and gained momentum during the aftermath of the financial crisis and in times governments on the economic left were in power. The study advances knowledge of competitive issue framing by demonstrating how the economic, policy, and political context matters for the emergence and evolvement of competing frames. In addition, the findings contribute to the understanding of the factors that contribute to news representations that promote active aging in European news, which may foster support for policy reforms that sustain older workers’ employability.
Students With Asthma and Its Impacts
Authors: Isik Elif , Isik Ismet S.
Published: May 2017

Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. Uncontrolled asthma is a significant contributor to school absenteeism, emergency room visits, and hospitalization, all of which can lead to low school performance, financial burdens, and emotional problems for children and their parents. Asthma in children restricts the activities of school-aged children, such as participating in before- and after-school activity and extracurricular activities such as sports. Uncontrolled asthma has the potential to impact a student’s self-confidence and social interactions. This article reviews the physical, emotional, and social burden of asthma on school-aged children/parents as well as recounting school asthma intervention programs. One of the roles of the school nurse is to be the leader of the intervention programs, manage asthma, and provide education for the students, parents, and school community to promote knowledge about asthma and its management.
An unusual case of primary hepatic lymphoma with dramatic but unsustained response to bendamustine plus rituximab and literature review
Authors: Liao Sih-Han , Chen Yin-Kai , Yu Shan-Chi , Wu Ming-Shiang , Wang Hsiu-Po , Tseng Ping-Huei
Published: May 2017

Objectives:

Primary hepatic lymphoma is an uncommon cause of hepatic space-occupying lesions.

Methods:

We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with primary hepatic lymphoma, who presented with a low-grade fever and lower limb weakness which had progressed in the past 2 months.

Results:

Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showed multiple small hepatic tumors. Echo-guided biopsy of the hepatic tumor demonstrated primary hepatic diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Moreover, bone marrow was uninvolved, but the bone marrow smear disclosed hemophagocytosis, which is uncommon in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy with bendamustine and rituximab treatment was initiated with a dramatic response: hepatic tumors markedly shrank in size shown by follow-up computed tomography and the patient returned to his normal life. Nevertheless, the response was sustained for only 8 months. Finally, the disease resisted further chemotherapy and this patient died of a severe Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Conclusion:

Chemotherapy with bendamustine and rituximab has shown a dramatic, but not durable, response in the present case with old age and multiple comorbidities.
The Sociopolitical Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship Action: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Yeasmin Nafisa , Kemppainen-Koivisto Riitta
Published: May 2017

Jobseekers, considered as long-term unemployed in Lapland, are under the risk of social exclusion. This group of people is lacking ways for identifying the advantages of relevant networking opportunities in the society with respect to access to the labour market. In particular, this article explores the opportunities for facilitating and enhancing public services in customers’ demands and promoting employment services during the transition of the target group via establishing social enterprise (SE)/cooperatives (coops). The research focuses on the concept of coproduction and network theory for supporting social innovation in the Arctic city. The objective of this explorative research is to analyze the combine recourses of coproduction and network modelling for achieving the necessary sociopolitical determinants for SE/coop to function as an alternative instrument for employment in Lapland. This research article suggests a sustainable social network model for identifying collective social beliefs and values for hindering long-term unemployment by operating SE/coops successfully in the sparsely populated Arctic region.
Special Education Policy Change
Authors: Barrio Brenda L.
Published: May 2017

Research suggests that disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education has been a recurring topic of concern in the field of special education within the United States. Over the past few years, this concern has shifted to focus on the disproportionate representation of English Language Learners (ELLs) in categories of mild to moderate disabilities, specifically within the category of learning disabilities. Although improvements in educational policy have been made through federal legislation, local rural school districts continue to battle this concern, especially those in rural areas. The following article focuses on the recommendations for development, implementation, and evaluation of local policy change to improve the disproportionate representation of ELL students within rural school districts.
Examining Empowerment, Family–School Partnerships, and Advocacy Among Rural and Urban Latino Families of Children With Disabilities
Authors: Burke Meghan M.
Published: May 2017

Latino students and their families are the fastest growing minority group in the country, yet it is unclear whether rural (vs. urban) Latino families of students with disabilities have different needs. In this pilot study, 65 Latino family members of students with disabilities (15 rural; 50 urban) responded to a questionnaire about empowerment, family–school partnerships, and advocacy. Although there were no differences in empowerment, rural (vs. urban) participants reported stronger family–school partnerships. Rural participants reported contextual barriers to advocacy (i.e., discrimination, and racism); urban participants reported disability-related barriers (i.e., lack of parent training).
Hansblockite, (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2, the monoclinic polymorph of grundmannite: a new mineral from the Se mineralization at El Dragón (Bolivia)
Authors: Förster Hans-Jürgen , Bindi Luca , Stanley Chris J. , Grundmann Günter
Published: May 2017

Hansblockite, ideally (Cu,Hg)(Bi,Pb)Se2, is a new selenide from the El Dragón mine, Bolivia. It typically occurs in thin subparallel plates intergrown with two unnamed Cu–Hg–Pb–Bi–Se species, clausthalite, Corich penroseite and petrovicite.It also forms subhedral to anhedral grains up to 150 μm long and 50 μm wide. Hansblockite is non-fluorescent, black and opaque with a metallic lustre and black streak. It is brittle, with an irregular fracture and no obvious parting and cleavage. The VHN20 values range from37 to 50 (mean 42) kg mm–2 (Mohs hardness 2–2½). In plane-polarized incident light, hansblockite is cream to light grey in colour, weakly bireflectant and weakly pleochroic from greyish cream to cream. Under crossed polars, hansblockite is weakly anisotropic withkhaki to pale blue rotation tints. The reflectance values in air for the Commission on Ore Mineralogy (COM) standard wavelengths are: 47.3–48.1 (470 nm), 47.4–49.9 (546 nm), 47.1–49.0 (589 nm) and 46.6–48.5 (650 nm). The mean composition is Cu 9.31, Ag 0.73, Hg 11.43,Pb 3.55, Ni 0.17, Co 0.03, Bi 31.17, Se 34.00, total 100.39 wt.%. The mean empirical formula (based on 4 apfu) is (Cu0.68Hg0.27Ag0.03Ni0.01)∑=0.99(Bi0.69Pb0.31)∑=1.00Se2.01. The simplifiedformula is (Cu,Hg) (Bi,Pb)Se2. Hansblockite is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 6.853(1), b = 7.635(1), c = 7.264(1) Å, β = 97.68(1)°, V = 376.66(9) Å3 and Z = 4. Density is 8.26 gcm–3. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.97 (90) (111), 3.100 (40) (121), 2.986 (100) (211), 2.808 (50) (112) and 2.620 (50) (022). Hansblockite represents the monoclinic polymorph ofgrundmannite, CuBiSe2, with Hg and Pb being essential in stabilizing the monoclinic structure via the coupled substitution Cu+ + Bi3+⇔ Hg2+ + Pb2+. The mineral name is in honour of Hans Block (1881–1953), in recognition of hisimportant role in boosting Bolivian ore mining.
Absolute values of lung function explain the sex difference in breathlessness in the general population
Authors: Ekström Magnus , Schiöler Linus , Grønseth Rune , Johannessen Ane , Svanes Cecilie , Leynaert Benedicte , Jarvis Deborah , Gislason Thorarinn , Demoly Pascal , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Pin Isabelle , Corsico Angelo G. , Forsberg Bertil , Heinrich Joachim , Nowak Dennis , Raherison-Semjen Chantal , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Trucco Giulia , Urrutia Isabel , Martinez-Moratalla Rovira Jesús , Sánchez-Ramos José Luis , Janson Christer , Torén Kjell
Published: May 2017

Activity-related breathlessness is twice as common among females as males in the general population and is associated with adverse health outcomes. We tested whether this sex difference is explained by the lower absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or forced vital capacity (FVC) in females.

This was a cross-sectional analysis of 3250 subjects (51% female) aged 38−67 years across 13 countries in the population-based third European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Activity-related breathlessness was measured using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale. Associations with mMRC were analysed using ordered logistic regression clustering on centre, adjusting for post-bronchodilator spirometry, body mass index, pack-years smoking, cardiopulmonary diseases, depression and level of exercise.

Activity-related breathlessness (mMRC ≥1) was twice as common in females (27%) as in males (14%) (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% CI 1.79−2.72). The sex difference was not reduced when controlling for FEV1% predicted (OR 2.33), but disappeared when controlling for absolute FEV1(OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69−1.14). Absolute FEV1explained 98−100% of the sex difference adjusting for confounders. The effect was similar within males and females, when using FVC instead of FEV1and in healthy never-smokers.

The markedly more severe activity-related breathlessness among females in the general population is explained by their smaller spirometric lung volumes.