bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalência e características de mulheres com aborto entre mulheres com histórico de gestação
Authors: Silva Rebeca De Souza e , Carneiro Marta Camila Mendes de Oliveira , Drezett Jefferson , Andreoni Solange
Published: May 2016

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prevalência e características de mulheres residentes em Vila Mariana, São Paulo, com história de aborto entre as que engravidaram. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de 555 mulheres entre 15-49 anos que engravidaram de total de 1.121 entrevistadas, classificadas em sem aborto (68,5%), aborto espontâneo (22,7%) ou aborto induzido (8,8%). Idade, defasagem, escolaridade, nascidos vivos, e aceitação da prática do aborto compuseram modelo de regressão logística multinomial para descrever perfil das mulheres. RESULTADOS: A razão de chances de ter realizado aborto induzido sobre sem aborto foi 28,3 vezes maior (p < 0,001) para as que não tiveram filhos; 6,4 vezes maior (p < 0,001) entre as que aceitam o aborto; e 4,9 vezes maior (p = 0,002) nas com menos de quatro anos de estudo; aumentando 8% cada incremento de um ano na idade (p < 0,001). A razão de chances de ter aborto espontâneo sobre sem aborto foi 15,0 vezes maior (p < 0,001) para as que não tiveram filhos; não significante nas que aceitam o aborto induzido; e 3,6 vezes maior (p = 0,055) nas com menos de 4 anos de estudo; aumentando 5% a cada ano de incremento (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: O fator preponderante para ocorrência de aborto foi não ter filhos nascidos vivos, indicando tendência dos abortos ocorrerem no início da vida reprodutiva. Menor escolaridade e aceitação da prática foram outras variáveis associadas ao aborto induzido. Observou-se indício de omissão da declaração do aborto induzido nas respostas das entrevistadas.
Brincadeiras de crianças brasileiras e portuguesas no contexto escolar
Authors: Cordazzo Sheila Tatiana Duarte , Vieira Mauro Luís , Almeida Ana Maria Tomás
Published: May 2016

OBJETIVO: comparar as brincadeiras de crianças em idade escolar em amostras de dois países diferentes (Brasil e Portugal). MÉTODO: em cada país 11 crianças participaram do estudo. As crianças freqüentavam o segundo ano do ensino fundamental. As observações foram realizadas dentro do contexto escolar, em uma sala que continha brinquedos. Para registrar os comportamentos das crianças foram utilizadas as técnicas de observação do sujeito focal e amostragem de tempo. RESULTADOS: nas duas amostras foram encontrados resultados similares quanto aos tipos de interação social e escolha de brinquedos e brincadeiras. Quanto à interação social, as crianças preferiam brincar em díades. Os meninos mostraram uma tendência maior do que as meninas para a segregação por sexos em suas atividades. Os tipos de brinquedos mais usados pelas crianças foram os da categoria motora, seguidos pelos cognitivos. Os brinquedos didáticos foram os menos utilizados. A brincadeira proposta pelo objeto foi a atividade mais observada pelos pesquisadores. Contudo, quando as crianças não estavam seguindo a proposta dos objetos, foram encontrados diferentes resultados nas amostras. As crianças brasileiras preferiam os jogos de regras, enquanto que as portuguesas preferiam as brincadeiras de faz-de-conta. Nos dois países os meninos preferiram brincadeiras turbulentas mais do que as meninas. Quando as crianças brasileiras não estavam brincando, elas prefe-riam atividades de conversação, enquanto que as crianças portuguesas atividades de observação. CONCLUSÃO: as similaridades encontradas nas duas amostras sugerem aspectos comuns do comportamento de brincar, enquanto que as diferenças apontam para as particularidades de cada contexto sócio-cultural.
Influência da orientação nutricional nas práticas de alimentação complementar em lactentes
Authors: Torigoe Camila Yukie , Asakura Leiko , Sachs Anita , Silva Clarissa Viana Demézio da , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena , Santos Gianni Mara Silva dos , Coelho Lucíola De Castro
Published: May 2016

Avaliar a efetividade da orientação nutricional de lactentes em fase de introdução da alimentação complementar e verificar a associação das práticas alimentares com idade e escolaridade materna. Estudo de coorte histórica descritiva, avaliando-se dados secundários de 92 lactentes que realizaram pelo menos três consultas nutricionais, atendidos no Centro de Incentivo e Apoio ao Aleitamento Materno da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no período de outubro de 2005 a março de 2010. As informações de consumo alimentar foram obtidas a partir dos Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 horas, analisados qualitativamente segundo a presença dos grupos alimentares (cereais/tubérculos, carnes/ovos, leguminosas, frutas/legumes/verduras). A orientação nutricional para a introdução da alimentação complementar foi baseada nos Dez Passos da Alimentação Saudável para Crianças Brasileiras Menores de Dois Anos, do Ministério da Saúde. Para a análise de variância em blocos não paramétrica separaram-se as crianças em dois grupos (grupo Lac A= que já recebiam alimentação complementar e grupo Lac B = que ainda não recebiam alimentação complementar). As médias e desvios-padrão do número de grupos alimentares consumidos nos momentos 0, 1 e 2 para o Lac A foram 2,3 (dp = 0,8), 2,9 (dp = 0,8) e 3,2 (dp = 0,6), respectivamente, enquanto que para o Lac B nos momentos 1 e 2 foram 2,6 (dp = 0,9) e 3,1 (dp = 0,7), respectivamente. Estatisticamente houve um aumento significativo dos grupos alimentares com o tempo para o Lac A (momentos 0 - 1 (p = 0,001), 0 - 2 (p
Influência do sobrepeso e da obesidade na postura, na praxia global e no equilíbrio de escolares
Authors: Aleixo Andrezza Aparecida , Guimarães Elaine Leonezi , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti de , Pereira Karina
Published: May 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar escolares com sobrepeso ou obesidade, na faixa etária de seis a doze anos de idade, quanto ao equilíbrio, à praxia global e às alterações posturais na coluna e nos membros inferiores decorrente da sobrecarga. Participaram do estudo 34 escolares (27 meninas e sete meninos) matriculados em uma escola estadual de Uberaba/MG, com diagnóstico de sobrepeso ou obesidade infantil segundo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para avaliação da praxia global e do equilíbrio foi utilizada a Bateria Psicomotora de Fonseca; e da postura uma ficha de avaliação baseada em Kendall. A análise dos dados baseou-se na estatística descritiva simples através do método de porcentagem, e nos testes paramétricos de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar normalidade da amostra e t Student para verificar a diferença entre os grupos, considerando o nível de significância de 5% ( p< 0,05). Os resultados demonstraram alterações posturais em ambos os grupos, equilíbrio estático se apresentou sem diferença significativa. No equilíbrio dinâmico houve diferença significativa, caracterizando o grupo sobrepeso com perfil psicomotor hiperpráxico, enquanto os obesos mostraram-se eupráxicos. Na avaliação da praxia global, houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em três subfatores: coordenação óculo-pedal (p = 0,022); dissociação de membros superiores (p = 0,042) e de membros inferiores (p = 0,045). Quanto à dissociação de membros inferiores e superiores, verificou-se perfil psicomotor eupráxico no grupo com sobrepeso e dispráxico nos obesos. Quanto à coordenação óculo-pedal, ambos mostraram-se dispráxicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o sobrepeso e a obesidade infantil podem alterar a postura, o equilíbrio e a praxia global.
Variáveis psicossociais no excesso de peso e na obesidade infantil
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia , Silva Dora , Antunes Henedina
Published: May 2016

A obesidade acarreta consequências para além das meramente relacionadas com a saúde física, sendo também de salientar os aspetos psicossociais. Com o objetivo de avaliar as diferenças ao nível da qualidade de vida, morbilidade psicológica e imagem pessoal (autoconceito) foram avaliadas 267 crianças divididas em três grupos: um grupo de crianças da comunidade com peso normal (N = 147), um grupo de crianças da comunidade com excesso de peso/obesidade (N = 89) e um grupo de crianças com excesso de peso/obesidade em tratamento (grupo clínico) (N = 31). Os resultados mostraram que as crianças com excesso de peso/obesidade em tratamento são as que têm uma percepção mais negativa da sua saúde física e da saúde escolar, quando comparadas com as restantes crianças. Relativamente ao auto-conceito o grupo de crianças com excesso de peso/obesidade do grupo clínico perceciona-se como menos competente no domínio escolar, atlético, aparência física, aceitação social, comportamento e auto-estima. As crianças do grupo clínico com excesso de peso/obesidade apresentam ainda mais sintomatologia depressiva quando comparadas com as crianças da comunidade com peso normal e com as crianças do grupo clínico. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas ao nível da sintomatologia ansiosa nas três amostras estudadas. Em suma, as diferenças entre os grupos avaliados podem refletir diferentes características das crianças com excesso de peso/obesidade que procuram tratamento.
The interaction between infrasonic waves and gravity wave perturbations: Application to observations using UTTR Rocket Motor Fuel Elimination Events
Authors: Lalande Jean‐Marie , Waxler Roger
Published: May 2016

Infrasonic waves propagate at long ranges through atmospheric ducts resulting from the stratification of atmospheric properties. In order to study the infrasonic wave propagation, we resort to atmospheric specification combining Numerical Weather Prediction and climatological models. However, these models do not describe small‐scale variability such as perturbations associated to the presence of internal gravity waves. These waves play an important role in the atmospheric dynamic by transferring momentum to the mean flow at critical levels and at wave‐breaking altitudes. In this study we intend to describe the interaction of infrasonic waves with internal gravity waves in order to understand the extended wave trains observed in broadband infrasound signals. We use a numerical model for the propagation of internal waves to generate realistic perturbations of the background atmospheric states. By using a linear full‐wave model of infrasound propagation, our goal is to ultimately relate infrasound characteristics to internal waves properties. We apply those numerical models to different atmospheric mean states including gravity wave perturbations and compare the simulations to infrasound signals recorded from rocket motor fuel elimination events at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). Our results, based on an intensive simulation of infrasound waveforms, show that combining atmospheric background with gravity wave propagation model is relevant to explain, to first order, the behavior of the infrasound field at the distance of the first stratospheric arc. In particular we obtain a better match between pulse duration and peak‐to‐peak amplitude along the stratospheric arc. Such study supports the use of gravity wave simulation in conjunction with infrasound modeling in order to improve gravity wave parameterization in Numerical Weather Forecasting.
Simulating soil organic carbon in yedoma deposits during the Last Glacial Maximum in a land surface model
Authors: Zhu D. , Peng S. , Ciais P. , Zech R. , Krinner G. , Zimov S. , Grosse G.
Published: May 2016

Substantial quantities of organic carbon (OC) are stored in the thick, ice‐rich, and organic‐rich sediments called yedoma deposits, distributed in eastern Siberia and Alaska today. Quantifying yedoma carbon stocks during the glacial period is important for understanding how much carbon could have been decomposed during the last deglaciation. Yet processes that yield the formation of thick frozen OC in yedoma deposits are missing in global carbon cycle models. Here we incorporate sedimentation parameterizations into the Organizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE‐MICT) land surface model, which leads to reasonable results in OC vertical distribution and regional budgets, compared with site‐specific observations and inventories for today's nondegraded yedoma region. Simulated total soil OC stock for the northern permafrost region during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 1536–1592 Pg C, of which 390–446 Pg C is within today's yedoma region. This result is an underestimation since we did not account for the potentially much larger yedoma area during the LGM than the present day.
Groundwater recharge mechanisms inferred from isoscapes in a complex tropical mountainous region
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Birkel Christian
Published: May 2016

Stable isotope variations and groundwater recharge mechanisms remain poorly understood across the tropics, particularly in Central America. Here stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) in groundwater, surface water, and rainfall are used to produce high‐resolution (100 m2 grid) isoscapes for Costa Rica, from which an isotope ratio of precipitation to groundwater (P/GW) is estimated to elucidate the dominant groundwater recharge processes. Spatially, groundwater and surface water isotope ratios depict the strong orographic separation into the Caribbean and Pacific slopes induced by moisture transport directly from the Caribbean Sea and the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. P/GW isotope ratios reveal that groundwater recharge is biased toward intensive and more depleted monthly rainfall across the Pacific slope with clear evidence of secondary evaporation indicating slower soil matrix recharge processes. On the other hand, P/GW isotope ratios indicate a weak influence of secondary evaporation across the Caribbean slope suggesting rapid recharge via preferential flow paths.
Wave telescope technique for MMS magnetometer
Authors: Narita Y. , Plaschke F. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Vörös Z. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Leinweber H. K. , Bromund K. R. , Anderson B. J. , Le G. , Chutter M. , Slavin J. A. , Kepko E. L. , Burch J. L. , Motschmann U. , Richter I. , Glassmeier K.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Multipoint measurements are a powerful method in studying wavefields in space plasmas. The wave telescope technique is tested against magnetic field fluctuations in the terrestrial magnetosheath measured by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on a spatial scale of about 20 km. The dispersion relation diagram and the wave vector distribution are determined for the first time in the ion‐kinetic range. Moreover, the dispersion relation diagram is determined in a proxy plasma rest frame by regarding the low‐frequency dispersion relation as a Doppler relation and compensating for the apparent phase velocity. Fluctuations are highly compressible, and the wave vectors have an angle of about 60° from the mean magnetic field. We interpret that the measured fluctuations represent a kinetic‐drift mirror mode in the magnetosheath which is dispersive and in a turbulent state accompanied by a sideband formation.
The importance of temporal stress variation and dynamic disequilibrium for the initiation of plate tectonics
Authors: Stamenković V. , Höink T. , Lenardic A.
Published: May 2016

We use 1‐D thermal history models and 3‐D numerical experiments to study the impact of dynamic thermal disequilibrium and large temporal variations of normal and shear stresses on the initiation of plate tectonics. Previous models that explored plate tectonics initiation from a steady state, single plate mode of convection concluded that normal stresses govern the initiation of plate tectonics, which based on our 1‐D model leads to plate yielding being more likely with increasing interior heat and planet mass for a depth‐dependent Byerlee yield stress. Using 3‐D spherical shell mantle convection models in an episodic regime allows us to explore larger temporal stress variations than can be addressed by considering plate failure from a steady state stagnant lid configuration. The episodic models show that an increase in convective mantle shear stress at the lithospheric base initiates plate failure, which leads with our 1‐D model to plate yielding being less likely with increasing interior heat and planet mass. In this out‐of‐equilibrium and strongly time‐dependent stress scenario, the onset of lithospheric overturn events cannot be explained by boundary layer thickening and normal stresses alone. Our results indicate that in order to understand the initiation of plate tectonics, one should consider the temporal variation of stresses and dynamic disequilibrium.
Effective Enhancement of Humidity Sensing Characteristics of Novel Thermally Treated MWCNTs/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Film Caused by Interfacial Effect
Authors: Pan Xinglong , Xue Qingzhong , Zhang Jianqiang , Guo Qikai , Jin Yakang , Lu Wenbo , Li Xiaofang , Ling Cuicui
Published: May 2016

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/hydrophilic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) films are prepared by a simple spin‐coating method and the resistive humidity sensing properties of the films are studied in detail. It is demonstrated that the thermally treated MWCNTs/PVP film exhibits a reproducible and great response over a wide relative humidity range from 11% to 94%, fast response time (less than 15 s) and ultrafast recovery time (less than 1.8 s), which are superior to that of pristine PVP films. The effective enhancement of humidity sensing characteristics of MWCNTs/PVP films can be explained by the MWCNTs/PVP interfacial effect. The thermally treated MWCNTs/PVP films can be used as robust, cost‐effective, and easy‐to‐use resistive humidity sensors. And the design concept used in this work can be extended to other carbon composites to fabricate excellent sensing materials for sensors.
Cardiovascular fitness, physical activity, and metabolic syndrome risk factors among adolescent estonian boys: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lätt Evelin , Mäestu Jarek , Rääsk Triin , Jürimäe Toivo , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The aim was to examine the changes in metabolic syndrome risk factors over a 2‐year period, and to investigate the independent influence of baseline physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular fitness (CVF) on these changes.

Methods

120 Estonian boys (age at baseline 11.9 ± 0.1 years) were grouped according to baseline PA or CVF/kg (VO2max/kg) and CVF/LBM (VO2max/LBM). PA was assessed by 7‐day accelerometry. Total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TRG), insulin and glucose were measured and assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and TC/HDL ratio were calculated.

Results

In both CVF/kg and CVF/LBM, the low CVF groups had significantly higher values of HOMA‐IR (P < 0.009) over time. In TRG and TC/HDL ratio values the only significant difference over time emerged between CVF/kg groups (P < 0.001). Participants in high metabolic risk CVF/kg group were 5.9 times more likely to have high HOMA‐IR values, 2.9 times more likely to have high triglyceride values, and 3.5 times more likely to have high TC/HDL ratio values (P ≤ 0.045) in the second year follow‐up compared to those who were in the low metabolic risk CVF/kg group. In moderate‐to‐vigorous PA groups there were no significant differences between HOMA‐IR, TRG, and TC/HDL ratio values over time.

Conclusions

The results of the study indicate that CVF has a stronger longitudinal prediction value compared to moderate to vigorous physical activity in terms of metabolic risk factors in adolescent boys. Fitness remained a significant predictor if the influence of body fatness was removed from the analysis. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:782–788, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrocyclic Toolbox from Epothilone Fragment Identifies a Compound Showing Molecular Interactions with Actin and Novel Promoters of Apoptosis in Patient‐derived Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Dasari Bhanudas , Fufa Temesgen , Aeluri Madhu , Gaddam Jagan , Deora Girdhar Singh , Gaunitz Frank , Kitambi Satish Srinivas , Arya Prabhat
Published: May 2016

A simple, practical stereoselective synthesis of the epothilone fragment is developed to obtain a diverse set of expanded 18‐membered macrocyclic compounds. These macrocycles contain the C5–C8 sub‐unit of epothilone and an additional amino acid moiety incorporated in the 18‐membered macrocycle, which allows the synthesis of several analogs with a variation in the chiral side chain. The epothilone fragment was obtained by using an enantiopure epoxide, which was subjected to a regioselective opening, giving the key derivative. Finally, the synthesis of the 18‐membered macrocyclic ring was achieved by employing two key steps: (i) acylation with an N‐allylated amino acid moiety, and (ii) a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) approach. Computational studies of the macrocyclic compounds obtained from this study with actin give rise to the proposed molecular interactions with the target protein. Further, the screening of our chemical toolbox from this program (i.e., the final products and several intermediates) identified several compounds as promoters of apoptosis in patient‐derived brain tumor glioma cells.
Fluorofuroxans: Synthesis and Application as Photoinduced Nitric Oxide Donors
Authors: Ando Akihiro , Matsubara Ryosuke , Takazawa Saori , Shimada Toshiyuki , Hayashi Masahiko
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of 3‐ and 4‐fluorofuroxans is reported for the first time. Under photoirradiation and physiological conditions, 4‐fluorofuroxans with weaker nitric oxide‐releasing ability are converted into 3‐fluorofuroxans, which show remarkable thiol‐mediated nitric oxide‐releasing properties, thereby suggesting that 4‐fluorofuroxans are potent photoinduced nitric oxide donors.
Physical burden and lower limb bone structure at the origin of agriculture in the levant
Authors: May Hila , Ruff Christopher
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To examine the femoral midshaft morphological characteristics in hunter‐gathering Natufian and farming Pre‐pottery Neolithic (PPN) populations in the southern Levant and relate these to changes in mobility, physical stress, and diet.

Materials and Methods

32 Natufian, 41 PPNB, and 26 PPNC femora, dating from 14,900 to 8,250 cal BP, were studied. Femoral diaphyseal cross‐sectional images were obtained from CT scans. Dedicated software was used to measure cross‐sectional breadths, areas, cortical bone thickness, rigidity, and strength.

Results

Two general temporal trends in femoral bone architecture were observed: (1) a continuous decline in the relative amount of bone tissue (cortical area/total area) due to expansion of the medullary cavity and (2) an increase in circularity (decrease in anteroposterior/mediolateral ratios) together with an overall decline in bone rigidity and strength, mainly apparent in the later PPNC. The first trend suggests a gradual decline in nutritional quality and health continuing from the Natufian through the late Neolithic. The second trend is interpreted as a result of increased sedentism with the full establishment of agriculture.

Discussion

The transition to food production in the southern Levant was accompanied by reduced physical stress and mobility, with the most marked effects occurring toward the end of the PPN with increasing sedentism. Deterioration of nutrition and health also occurred, but more continuously from the beginning of the PPN. Thus, environmental changes associated with the agricultural transition in this region of the world were gradual and prolonged, with direct dietary effects more apparent earlier than reductions in mobility. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:26–36, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of abdominal trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency laparotomy: efficacy of intra‐aortic balloon occlusion
Authors: Kunitatsu Kosei , Ueda Kentaro , Iwasaki Yasuhiro , Yamazoe Shinji , Yonemitsu Takafumi , Kawazoe Yu , Kawashima Syuji , Shibata Naoaki , Kato Seiya
Published: May 2016

Aim

The aims of this study were to investigate outcomes of abdominal trauma in patients with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency laparotomy and clarify the beneficial effects of intra‐aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage in patients with critically uncontrollable hemorrhagic shock (CUHS).

Methods

We reviewed 44 hemorrhagic shock patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage over a 6‐year period. Of these patients, we examined data for 19 subjects who underwent IABO during initial resuscitation to control massive intra‐abdominal bleeding leading to CUHS.

Results

The average Injury Severity Score and probability of survival (Ps) of the 44 patients were 27.6 ± 15.4 and 0.735 ± 0.304, respectively, and the overall survival rate was 77.3%. The differences in the Glasgow Coma Scale, lactate level, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio, and Ps between the two groups (21 responders and 23 non‐responders) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intra‐aortic balloon occlusion was attempted in 19 of 23 patients (82.6%) with CUHS, and there were no statistically significant differences in presenting Glasgow Coma Scale, body temperature, lactate, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio, or Revised Trauma Score between the survivors (n = 12) and non‐survivors (n = 7). The only significant differences between these two groups were observed in Injury Severity Score (P = 0.047) and Ps (P = 0.007). In all patients, the balloons were successfully placed in 8.1 ± 3.3 min in the thoracic aorta, and a significant increase in systolic blood pressure was observed immediately after IABO.

Conclusion

The IABO procedure can be life‐saving in the management of patients with CUHS arising from intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, permitting transport to surgery.
Molecularly imprinted PVC beads for the recognition of proteins
Authors: Ayadi Hassan , Mekhalif Tahar , Salmi Zakaria , Carbonnier Benjamin , Djazi Fayçal , Chehimi Mohamed M.
Published: May 2016

Ultrathin films of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were prepared by photoiniferter on PVC beads for the selective uptake of lysozyme, taken as a model protein. Acrylamide was selected as the functional monomer and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinking agent. The copolymerization process was confined to the surface of the PVC beads grafted with diethyldithiocarbamate iniferter initiator in the presence of lysozyme. After extraction of lysozyme from the shell of the PVC‐MIP beads, the latter were then used as artificial receptors for the rebinding of lysozyme. The sequential steps of the modification of PVC beads were monitored by XPS, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The imprinting step was found to be essential as the PVC‐MIP beads could recognize lysozyme but not the non‐imprinted beads (PVC‐NIP). The binding properties of PVC‐MIP beads were determined using UV spectroscopy from adsorption isotherms of lysozyme, cytochrome, and myoglobin. The imprinted beads were found to be highly selective toward lysozyme over the competitive proteins. This work shows the interest of photoiniferter as an efficient mean for the design of molecularly imprinted polymer beads for rapid, selective removal of proteins. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43694.
Richard P. Wool's contributions to sustainable polymers from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Bassett Alexander W. , La Scala John J. , Stanzione Joseph F.
Published: May 2016

Professor Richard P. Wool led the resurgence of renewable and sustainable polymers. This began through the development of rigid structural composites from plant oils and renewable fibers. These developments required the use of chemical modification of triglycerides through acrylation, maleinization, and other methods while also using selected comonomers to affect the resulting polymer properties. In addition, high performing adhesives and foams were also prepared from modified plant oils. This work shows that lignin can be used as an additive in composites, and nontoxic and value added monomers and polymers from lignin can be prepared. These developments have found utility in composites, coatings, adhesives, electronics, and clothing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43801.
Light‐scattering properties of linear low density polyethylene/polystyrene films fabricated through layer‐multiplying technology
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Xue Juan , Xiong Ying , Shen Jiabin , Guo Shaoyun
Published: May 2016

The material consisting of alternating layers of a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polystyrene (PS) blend (90/10 wt/wt) and pure poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared through layer‐multiplying extrusion. The LLDPE/PS light‐scattering films were obtained by peeling off the PMMA layers. Morphological examination demonstrated that the PS particles were dispersed as spherical domains in all the LLDPE/PS layers and the average diameter increased from skin to core layers. When a laser beam was vertically incident on the individual layers, the one located in the skin layer had a stronger light‐scattering pattern than that located in the core layer. All the LLDPE/PS films had a similar transmittance close to 90%, while the haze tended to decrease from the skin layer toward the core layer. The Mie's scattering theory was applied to analyze the influence of morphological evolution on the light scattering behaviors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43826.
Hybridizing MWCNT with nano metal oxides and TiO2 in epoxy composites: Influence on mechanical and thermal performances
Authors: Gazderazi Masoomeh , Jamshidi Masoud
Published: May 2016

In this study, the effects of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and its hybrids with iron oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on mechanical characteristics and thermal properties of epoxy binder was evaluated. Furthermore, simultaneous effects of using MWCNT with TiO2 as pigment and CaCO3 as filler for epoxy composites were determined. To investigate effects of nano‐ and micro‐particles on epoxy matrix, the samples were evaluated by TGA and DTA. It was found that the hybrid of MWCNT with nano metal oxides caused considerable increment in the tensile and flexural properties of epoxy samples in comparison to the single MWCNT containing samples at the same filler contents. Significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of epoxy samples was obtained by using TiO2 pigment along with MWCNT. The TiO2 pigment also caused considerable improvement in mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix and the MWCNT containing nanocomposite. The best mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites were obtained at 1.5 wt % of MWCNT and 7 wt % of TiO2 that it should be attributed to particle network forming of the particles which cause better nano/micro dispersion and properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43834.
Grundinstandsetzung der Wehranlage Untertürkheim
Authors: Rathgeb Andreas
Published: May 2016

Nach über 80 Jahren Betrieb wurde die Wehranlage Untertürkheim in den Jahren 2007–2012 von Grund auf instand gesetzt. In mehreren Bauabschnitten wurden die Wehrpfeiler komplett erneuert, die Wehrsohle ertüchtigt sowie Wehrverschlüsse und Antriebe durch Neukonstruktionen ersetzt. Das Sanierungskonzept erforderte je Bauabschnitt eine Baugrubenumschließung, die sich über zwei von vier Wehrfeldern erstreckte. Anhand von hydraulischen Modellversuchen konnte im Vorfeld jedoch nachgewiesen werden, dass die Hochwasserabfuhr auch während der Bauzeit gewährleistet werden kann. Trotz mancher Überraschungen durch das Bauen im Bestand konnte die Sanierung erfolgreich abgeschlossen und der veranschlagte Kostenrahmen gehalten werden.

Reconstruction of the Weir Untertürkheim

After more than 80 years of operation, the Weir Untertürkheim was totally reconstructed between 2007 and 2012. In several phases the concrete structure was rebuilt or enhanced. Gates and drives were replaced by completely new ones. The remedial design required a sheet pile wall around two of the four weir spans while flood discharge had to be ensured. Therefore, hydraulic model tests were carried out. Although surprises were linked to rebuilding an existing structure the restoration could be finished successfully and in line with the budget.
Erweitertes Druckbogenmodell für die Bestimmung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahl‐ und Spannbetonbalken
Authors: Gleich Philipp , Kattenstedt Simone , Maurer Reinhard
Published: May 2016

Wie Versuche zeigen, wird die tatsächliche Querkrafttragfähigkeit, insbesondere von Spannbetonbalken, durch das idealisierte Fachwerkmodell erheblich unterschätzt. Ursache dafür ist der vernachlässigte Betontraganteil. Dieser kann durch das Druckbogenmodell auf Grundlage ebenbleibender Querschnitte im Zustand I und II zutreffend beschrieben werden, solange es sich im Zustand II um reine Biegerissbildung handelt. Mit zunehmender Schubrissbildung, bis hin zum Bruchzustand, trifft die Voraussetzung des Ebenbleibens der Querschnitte immer weniger zu, sodass die Versuche vor allem im Bereich der Innenstützen von Durchlaufträgern nicht mehr zutreffend abgebildet werden können. Nachfolgend wird ein erweitertes Druckbogenmodell vorgestellt, das zusätzlich den Einfluss aus einer Umlagerung der inneren Kräfte in ein fachwerkartiges Tragsystem bei ausgeprägter Schubrissbildung berücksichtigt. Damit kann der Betontraganteil aus dem Druckbogen auch bei starker Schubrissbildung im Bruchzustand zutreffend bestimmt werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Modell sowohl bei Spannbeton‐ als auch bei Stahlbetonbalken gleichermaßen angewendet werden kann.

Extended compressive arch model to determine the shear capacity of rc/pc beams

Experimental investigations reveal that – especially in case of prestressed beams – the common truss model leads to a substantial underestimation of the true shear capacity. This is due to the negligence of the concrete shear capacity that can be determined using the compressive arch model as long as plane sections remain plane and only vertical cracks due to bending and no inclined cracks due to shear occur in state II. In case of inclined cracks due to shear plane sections do not remain plane. Hence, an extended compressive arch model is presented which also takes into account that parts of the acting shear force are covered by the truss model as a result of inclined cracks due to shear. This model can determine the concrete shear capacity resulting from arching effects even in case of existing shear cracks in state II. The presented model can be used for both prestressed concrete beams as well as reinforced concrete beams.
EasyClone‐MarkerFree: A vector toolkit for marker‐less integration of genes into Saccharomyces cerevisiae via CRISPR‐Cas9
Authors: Jessop‐Fabre Mathew M , Jakočiūnas Tadas , Stovicek Vratislav , Dai Zongjie , Jensen Michael K , Keasling Jay D , Borodina Irina
Published: May 2016

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an established industrial host for production of recombinant proteins, fuels and chemicals. To enable stable integration of multiple marker‐free overexpression cassettes in the genome of S. cerevisiae, we have developed a vector toolkit EasyClone‐MarkerFree. The integration of linearized expression cassettes into defined genomic loci is facilitated by CRISPR/Cas9. Cas9 is recruited to the chromosomal location by specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) expressed from a set of gRNA helper vectors. Using our genome engineering vector suite, single and triple insertions are obtained with 90–100% and 60–70% targeting efficiency, respectively. We demonstrate application of the vector toolkit by constructing a haploid laboratory strain (CEN.PK113‐7D) and a diploid industrial strain (Ethanol Red) for production of 3‐hydroxypropionic acid, where we tested three different acetyl‐CoA supply strategies, requiring overexpression of three to six genes each. Among the tested strategies was a bacterial cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was integrated into the genome in a single transformation. The publicly available EasyClone‐MarkerFree vector suite allows for facile and highly standardized genome engineering, and should be of particular interest to researchers working on yeast chassis with limited markers available.
The Wilms’ tumor (WT1) gene expression correlates with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score in patients with myelofibrosis and it is a marker of response to therapy
Authors: Gallo Daniela , Nicoli Paolo , Calabrese Chiara , Gaidano Valentina , Petiti Jessica , Rosso Valentina , Signorino Elisabetta , Carturan Sonia , Bot‐Sartor Giada , Volpe Gisella , Frassoni Francesco , Saglio Giuseppe , Cilloni Daniela
Published: May 2016

The Wilms tumor gene WT1 is a useful marker of clonal hematopoiesis and it has been shown to be a good marker of residual disease and it reflects the response to therapy. Although myelofibrosis is characterized by mutations of JAK2 and calreticulin (CALR), these mutations are not useful to monitor response to therapy. In this study we demonstrated that in patients affected by myelofibrosis WT1 correlates with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score at diagnosis. Furthermore WT1 is a good marker of response to JAK2 inhibitors especially for patients without blasts and for patients who develop anemia or thrombocytopenia not for progression but as therapy related toxicity. Finally, WT1 transcript reduction can mirror a benefit of therapy on the disease burden. This study demonstrated that WT1 is a good marker for monitoring the response to therapy in patients affected by myelofibrosis.
A novel histologic grading scheme based on poorly differentiated clusters is applicable to treated rectal cancer and is associated with established histopathological prognosticators
Authors: Yang Michelle , Rehman Aseeb Ur , Zuo Chunlai , Sheehan Christine E. , Lee Edward C , Lin Jingmei , Zhao Zijin , Choi Euna , Lee Hwajeong
Published: May 2016

The conventional histologic grading of colorectal cancer (CRC) is less suited for resected rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Enumeration of poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) is a recently proposed histologic grading scheme. We aimed to apply PDC grading to treated rectal cancer and to test the prognostic significance of this novel approach. Archived hematoxylin and eosin slides of 72 rectal adenocarcinomas resected following neoadjuvant treatment were retrieved. PDC, tumor budding, and tumor regression were assessed. The parameters were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. PDC was strongly associated with tumor budding, perineural invasion (PNI), metastasis, and low degree of tumor regression. Tumor budding was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion and PNI, and metastasis. Tumors with a lower degree of regression were more likely to show high pathologic T stage and advanced clinical stage. Local recurrence was associated with poor survival. PDC did not correlate with overall survival. PDC grading is applicable to resected rectal cancer status post neoadjuvant treatment and correlates with established histopathological prognosticators. PDC and tumor budding may represent a histologic spectrum reflective of the same biological significance. Validation and incorporation of these simple histologic grading schemes may strengthen the prognostic power of the histologic parameters that influence the oncologic outcome in treated rectal cancer. Further study to evaluate the significance of PDC as an oncologic prognosticator is warranted.
Post‐Brussels environment calls for new approach to travel safety
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2016

The post‐Brussels environment should prompt all college athletics departments to re‐evaluate their approach to travel safety for their student‐athletes and staff.
Nature of Conduction Band Tailing in Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xue Jiawei , Zhu Xiaodi , Zhang Yi , Wang Wendong , Xie Wei , Zhou Jilong , Bao Jun , Luo Ying , Gao Xiang , Wang Yong , Jang Ling‐yun , Sun Song , Gao Chen
Published: May 2016

The involvement of oxygen vacancies in the electronic and structural properties and photocatalytic activity of hydrogenated TiO2 (H‐TiO2) for water splitting are currently under debate. Herein, the process for the formation of oxygen vacancies in H‐TiO2 is illustrated for the first time to verify the role of these vacancies on the surface and in the bulk of H‐TiO2 by using surface‐sensitive soft X‐ray techniques and bulk‐information‐included hard X‐ray techniques for the O K‐edges and Ti K‐edges, respectively. We find that oxygen vacancies on the surface and in the bulk contribute differently to tailing of the conduction band of H‐TiO2. By controlling the degree of hydrogenation to restrict tailing of the conduction band to just above the H+/H2 redox potential, the most favorable disordered structure for photocatalytic H2 evolution is developed. This work promotes a better understanding of the possible negative consequence of hydrogenated semiconductors in H2 evolution apart from the positive effect on visible‐light response.
Effect of Inlet Diameter on the Performance of a Filtering Hydrocyclone Separator
Authors: Vieira Luiz G. M. , Silva Danylo O. , Barrozo Marcos A. S.
Published: May 2016

An innovative hydrocyclone was designed, in which a conical filtering wall replaces the conical section, producing another liquid stream leaving the equipment, besides underflow and overflow streams. The influence of the inlet diameter of a filtering hydrocyclone was analyzed by an experimental and computational fluid dynamics study. Data from conventional hydrocyclones of the same configurations were also obtained. Under identical operating conditions and geometry, the filtering hydrocyclone presented a better performance than the conventional device. Under the experimental conditions evaluated, an about twofold increase in inlet diameter reduces the Euler number significantly.
Scale‐Up of a Crystallizer for Production of Nano‐Sized Energetic Materials
Authors: Jung Wooyoung , Park Junyong , Lee Woojin , Lee Jaecheol , Koo Keekahb , Oh Min
Published: May 2016

The outstanding sensitivity of high‐energetic materials such as cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX) has prompted efforts by researchers in the production of less sensitive explosives by crystallization without compromising performance. One such endeavor is crystal‐size reduction to nano‐scales. The optimum operating conditions for producing nano‐sized RDX were experimentally determined. Based on these results, computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulations were executed for scale‐up purposes and identification of the influence of fluid dynamics, mixing, and heat transfer on crystal growth and production rate on commercial scales. As a result, a commercial plant was designed and operation data from the commercial crystallizers were compared with data obtained from scale‐up tasks.
Determination of Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms of the B Polymorph of L‐Histidine by Induction Time Measurement
Authors: Wantha Lek
Published: May 2016

The nucleation and growth mechanisms of the B polymorph of L‐histidine (L‐his) in a water‐ethanol system were determined based on induction time measurements. The induction times were experimentally determined at different supersaturations and correlated using the models of mononuclear and polynuclear mechanisms. The primary nucleation mechanism of the B polymorph of L‐his was identified as a polynuclear mechanism and the growth mechanism was found to be a two‐dimensional nucleation‐mediated growth. These mechanisms of the B polymorph of L‐his will be used to characterize the polymorphic transformations and the overall crystallization rate of L‐his.
Triazolyl‐Based Molecular Gels as Ligands for Autocatalytic ‘Click’ Reactions
Authors: Araújo Marco , Díaz‐Oltra Santiago , Escuder Beatriu
Published: May 2016

The catalytic performance of triazolyl‐based molecular gels was investigated in the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes and azides. Low‐molecular‐weight gelators derived from l‐valine were synthesized and functionalized with a triazole fragment. The resultant compounds formed gels either with or without copper, in a variety of solvents of different polarity. The gelators coordinated CuI and exhibited a high catalytic activity in the gel phase for the model reaction between phenylacetylene and benzylazide. Additionally, the gels were able to participate in autocatalytic synthesis and the influence of small structural changes on their performance was observed.
Regioselective Catalytic and Stepwise Routes to Bulky, Functional‐Group‐Appended, and Luminescent 1,2‐Azaborinines
Authors: Schäfer Marius , Schäfer Julian , Dewhurst Rian D. , Ewing William C. , Krahfuß Mirjam , Kuntze‐Fechner Maximilian W. , Wehner Marius , Lambert Christoph , Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2016

The regioselective syntheses of 1,2‐azaborinines is achieved using an unsymmetrical iminoborane through both catalytic and stepwise modular routes. The 1,2‐azaborinine ring can be selectively functionalized in the 4‐ and/or 6‐position through control of the stepwise reaction sequence, allowing access to vinyl‐functionalized and redox‐active, luminescent, donor‐functionalized 1,2‐azaborinines. The electrochemistry and photochemistry of a tetraarylamine‐substituted 1,2‐azaborinine are studied. Cyclic voltammetry of this compound, relative to a non‐B,N‐substituted reference molecule, showed an additional oxidation wave assigned to the oxidation of the azaborinine ring, while emission spectroscopy indicated that the azaborinine was significantly more fluorescent than the reference.
Host–Guest Binding‐Site‐Tunable Self‐Assembly of Stimuli‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Yao Hao , Qi Miao , Liu Yuyang , Tian Wei
Published: May 2016

Despite the remarkable progress made in controllable self‐assembly of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular polymers (SSPs), a basic issue that has not been consideration to date is the essential binding site. The noncovalent binding sites, which connect the building blocks and endow supramolecular polymers with their ability to respond to stimuli, are expected to strongly affect the self‐assembly of SSPs. Herein, the design and synthesis of a dual‐stimuli thermo‐ and photoresponsive Y‐shaped supramolecular polymer (SSP2) with two adjacent β‐cyclodextrin/azobenzene (β‐CD/Azo) binding sites, and another SSP (SSP1) with similar building blocks, but only one β‐CD/Azo binding site as a control, are described. Upon gradually increasing the polymer solution temperature or irradiating with UV light, SSP2 self‐assemblies with a higher binding‐site distribution density; exhibits a flower‐like morphology, smaller size, and more stable dynamic aggregation process; and greater controllability for drug‐release behavior than those observed with SSP1 self‐assemblies. The host–guest binding‐site‐tunable self‐assembly was attributed to the positive cooperativity generated among adjacent binding sites on the surfaces of SSP2 self‐assemblies. This work is beneficial for precisely controlling the structural parameters and controlled release function of SSP self‐assemblies.
Cp*CoIII‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Bond Amidation of 8‐Methylquinoline
Authors: Barsu Nagaraju , Rahman Md. Atiur , Sen Malay , Sundararaju Basker
Published: May 2016

An efficient and external oxidant‐free, Cp*CoIII‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H bond amidation of 8‐methylquinoline, using oxazolone as an efficient amidating agent, is reported for the first time under mild conditions. The reaction is selective and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Based on previous reports and experimental results, the deprotonation pathway proceeds through an external base‐assisted concerted metalation and deprotonation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State High Resolution NMR Studies of Silicic Acids. Part 2.
Authors: HEIDEMANN D. , GRIMMER A.‐R. , STARKE P. , HUEBERT C. + , SCHELER G.
Published: May 2016

Die NMR‐Spektren der α‐ und ö‐Form der Phyllokieselsäure zeigen außer dem SiOH‐Signal eine Nebenkomponente, die als H2O‐Signale identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photoelectrochemical Study of α‐Fe2O3 Single Crystals.
Authors: POLLERT E. , HEJTMANEK J. , DOUMERC J. P. , LAUNAY J. C. , HAGENMULLER P.
Published: May 2016

α‐Fe2O3‐Einkristalle relativ hoher Reinheit und Stöchiometrie (5‐ 105 "Q‐ cm bei 20°C ; Darstellung durch CVD mit TeCl4 als Transportmittel) werden anhand photoelektrochemischer Messungen untersucht.