bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Latar Belakang Pendidikan Hubungannya Dengan Kinerja Perangkat Desa Ononazara Kecamatan Tugala Oyo
Authors: Damai Natalia Lase  , Syah Abadi Mendrofa  , Palindungan Lahagu  , Maria M. Bate'e
Published: February 2025

Analysis of Educational Background in its Relationship with the Performance of Ononazara Village Officials, Tugala Oyo District. Thesis. Management Study Program. Nias University. Advisor: Syah Abadi Mendrofa, S.E., M.M.

According to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, villages have the autonomy to manage governance and development, aiming to improve the welfare of the community. One critical element for implementing village autonomy is the competency of the village government apparatus. The village government, led by the village head and supported by officials, plays a key role in ensuring effective governance. However, observations in Ononazara Village, Tugala Oyo District, indicate that the performance of the village officials is still suboptimal. Issues such as the uneven educational background and varying levels of competence among officials lead to inefficiencies in carrying out their duties.
This research aims to analyze the relationship between educational background and the performance of Ononazara Village officials. The focus is on the importance of education in enhancing performance, especially in the village governance sector. Data were collected through interviews with key informants and observations of the educational and performance conditions of the village officials. The findings reveal a significant correlation between educational background and performance, with officials who have higher education levels showing better performance in fulfilling their responsibilities. The study recommends improving education and training programs for village officials to enhance the overall performance of village governance.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Kerja Dan Kedisplinan Waktu Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Tata Ruang Kabupaten Nias
Authors: Idam Murniati Zega  , Delipiter Lase  , Odaligoziduhu Halawa  , Heseziduhu Lase
Published: February 2025

This research was conducted at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Nias Regency. The researcher found that: 1) the staff needs do not meet the job competency standards; 2) academic backgrounds are not relevant to roles or job functions; 3) the implementation of main duties and functions is not optimal; and 4) there are delays in staff attendance and departure times. The objectives of this research are to explain the effect of work competence on employee performance at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Nias Regency, to explain the effect of time discipline on employee performance at the same office, and to investigate the synergistic relationship between work competence and time discipline in the context of improving employee performance. Data collection techniques included observation and the distribution of questionnaires to 52 employees at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Nias Regency. Based on the coefficient of determination (R Squared) test, work competence (X1) and time discipline (X2) account for 44.3% of the effect on the dependent variable (Y). The remaining influence is due to other factors not discussed in the study. The F-test value is 19.458, which is greater than the F-table value of 3.19, indicating that the regression model as a whole has a significant effect on the dependent variable. The model is considered fit since the significance value (Sig) is less than 0.05, with a significant value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. It can be concluded that the independent variables have a significant simultaneous (combined) effect on the dependent variable and that there is a synergistic relationship between work competence (X1), time discipline (X2), and employee performance (Y) at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Nias Regency.
Keywords: Job Competence, Time Discipline, and Employee Performance.
Analisis Fungsi Koordinasi Kepala Desa Guna Meningkatkan Pembangunan Di Desa Sifalaete Kecamatan Gunungsitoli Idanoi
Authors: Erna Ningsih Laowo  , Fatolosa Hulu  , Palindungan Lahagu  , Syah Abadi Mendrofa
Published: February 2025

Laowo, Erna Ningsih. 2024. Analysis of the Coordination Function of the Village Head to Improve Development in Sifalaete Village, Gunungsitoli Idanoi District. Undergraduate Thesis. Supervisor: Fatolosa Hulu, S.E., M.M.
This research aims to examine the coordination function of the village head in improving development in Sifalaete Village, Gunungsitoli Idanoi District, particularly in the context of village development planning. Additionally, the study seeks to identify the challenges faced by the village head in coordinating efforts to enhance village development. The phenomenon observed is that the village head’s coordination in Sifalaete Village still encounters various challenges, including limited resources, lack of community participation, and ineffective coordination among involved parties. One of the main challenges identified is the disagreement of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in signing the village development planning approval letter, which seriously impacts the development process in the village. This study employs a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation from various parties involved in the development process in Sifalaete Village. The findings indicate that the coordination function of the village head plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of village development. However, there are significant challenges, such as ineffective communication between the village head and the BPD and low community participation in the development planning process. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that the village head and BPD improve cooperation and harmonious communication in planning and implementing village development. Moreover, efforts should be made to increase community participation at every stage of development to ensure a smoother process and more optimal outcomes. Better coordination is expected to address existing challenges and drive more effective development goals in Sifalaete Village.
“The Role of Coaching in Shaping Proactive Professional Attitudes Among Students: An Empirical Study at A University in Poland”
Authors: BETKOWSKI Miroslaw
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of coaching on the development of a proactive attitude towards career planning among academic youth, utilizing appropriate coaching tools. The empirical study conducted analyzed the effectiveness of selected coaching techniques designed to support students in conscious and deliberate career planning. The results of the analysis indicate that the application of coaching tools significantly contributes to the increase in students’ professional proactivity. The conclusions drawn from the research emphasize the crucial role of coaching in preparing academic youth for effective entry into the labor market.
Overcoming Challenges in Project-Based Learning: Educator Reflections on Interdisciplinary Coordination and Pedagogical Shifts in Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: KOZLOWSKA Beata MALIK , KOZŁOWSKI Rafał
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the challenges and opportunities inherent in the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) within the context of entrepreneurship education, with a specific focus on educator reflections regarding interdisciplinary collaboration and the transition to student-centered pedagogies. As Generation Z learners, characterized by their distinct technological fluency and preference for dynamic, interactive learning environments, begin to dominate higher education, traditional lecture-based instructional models are increasingly seen as inadequate for fostering the practical competencies necessary for entrepreneurial success. This research examines the experiences of a team of four university educators and an industry expert who facilitated PBL in entrepreneurship courses, highlighting the systemic obstacles encountered in aligning this pedagogical approach with existing institutional structures, educator roles, and interdisciplinary integration. Key challenges identified by educators include the complexity of coordinating across disciplines, the transition from traditional didactic roles to facilitators of inquiry-based learning, and the difficulty of assessing entrepreneurial competencies such as creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving. While adequate institutional support was provided for the project’s execution, systemic organizational barriers, particularly in resource allocation and interdisciplinary coordination, hindered its integration into the regular curriculum, highlighting the need for structural adjustments to fully implement Project-Based Learning (PBL) Despite these challenges, the findings demonstrate that PBL holds substantial promise in transforming both teaching practices and student outcomes, promoting the acquisition of critical entrepreneurial skills, including self-management, critical thinking, and adaptability. Through a reflective analysis of educator experiences and expert feedback, this study presents strategies for overcoming identified challenges, emphasizing the need for institutional flexibility, enhanced professional development programs, and the adoption of alternative assessment frameworks. The results underscore the critical role of systemic institutional support in fully realizing PBL’s potential to cultivate entrepreneurial competencies in Generation Z, preparing students for success in an increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous business landscape.
Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Intensi Turnover Pada Karyawan PT. Alfa Scorpii
Authors: Lay Fortunata Riana , Lois Clarissa , Hendrik Sultan , Lumbantoruan Haposan , El-Akmal Mukhaira , Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: February 2025

PT Alfa Scorpii merupakan tempat dilaksankannya penelitian ini. Penelitian yang penulis lakukan memiliki tujuan guna mengetahui pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Intensi Turnover pada karyawan PT Alfa Scorpii. Terdapat sebanyak 103 karyawan PT Alfa Scorpii sebagai sampel yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian oleh penulis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitaif. Teknik pemerolehan sampel yang dipilih oleh peneliti berupa teknik Purposive Sampling. Peneliti membagikan kuesioner kepada sampel sebagai teknik dalam pengumpulan data penelitian. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa antara budaya organisasi dengan turnover memiliki hubungan negatif yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan -0.391 nilai dari koefisien korelasi dan 0.000 (p0.05) nilai probabilitasmya. Pemerolehan hasil yang didapatkan peneliti, terdapat presentasi yang efektif sebesar 15,3% yang diperoleh dari budaya organisasi. Selebihnya ialah 84,7% yang didapat dari faktor lain yang tidak dikaji. Untuk menganalisa datanya menggunakan Analisis Product Moment melalui SPSS 26 for Windows.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SOBRECARGA MENTAL DOS ALUNOS DO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO, EM RELAÇÃO A CARGA HORÁRIA CURRICULAR
Authors: Nunes Kênya Alves , Silva Mônica Rodrigues da , Oliveira Elias José
Published: February 2025

Esse artigo buscou avaliar a sobrecarga mental entre os discentes do curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma universidade federal do triângulo mineiro e identificar os principais fatores que contribuem para o sofrimento mental, além de analisar a relação entre carga curricular acadêmica, estresse e sofrimento mental. Este é um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa por meio da análise do discurso segundo Minayo (1998), que utilizou um questionário elaborado e semiestruturado pelos próprios autores, com o objetivo de identificar a sobrecarga mental e os principais fatores que contribuem para o sofrimento mental entre os alunos do curso de graduação em enfermagem. O estudo foi desenvolvido com 20 discentes do primeiro ao décimo período do curso de graduação em enfermagem, no período de agosto a setembro de 2024. Os resultados desse estudo demonstra que há um grande aumento da sobrecarga mental do público alvo da pesquisa, tendo relação com a carga horária extensa e a forma como ela é distribuída ao longo do curso, a necessidade de realizar tarefas extra-curriculares, a pressão psicológica sofrida por partes de alguns professores e a dificuldade de conciliar emprego e o curso integral.
Evaluation of the WRF-Chem performance for the air pollutants over the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yarragunta Yesobu , Francis Diana , Fonseca Ricardo , Nelli Narendra
Published: February 2025

Abstract. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) in simulating meteorological parameters and concentrations of air pollutants across the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for June and December 2022, representing the contrasting summer and winter climatic conditions. The assessment of WRF-Chem performance involves comparisons with ground-based observations for meteorological parameters and satellite retrievals from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for gaseous pollutants and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for aerosols. The comparison with TROPOMI column concentrations demonstrates that WRF-Chem performs well in simulating the spatio-temporal patterns of total column CO and tropospheric column NO2 and O3, despite certain deficiencies in modelling tropospheric NO2 column concentrations. In particular, WRF-Chem shows a strong correlation with TROPOMI retrievals, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.82 during summer and 0.40 to 0.69 during winter for these gaseous pollutants. The model tends to overestimate NO2 levels, with a higher discrepancy observed in summer (0.50 × 1015 molecules cm−2) compared to winter (0.18 × 1015 molecules cm−2). In comparison with TROPOMI-CO data, the discrepancies are more pronounced in winter, with an underestimation of 0.12 × 1018 molecules cm−2. Additionally, WRF-Chem consistently overestimates ozone levels in both seasons. WRF-Chem also exhibits a moderate correlation with both AERONET and MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements. The correlation at Mezaira is 0.60, while a correlation of 0.65 is observed with MODIS AOD. However, the model tends to overestimate AOD, with a bias of 0.46 at Mezaira and 0.35 compared to MODIS AOD. Meteorological evaluations reveal that the model generally overestimated air temperature at 2 m above ground (T2m) in summer (≤ 0.2 °C) and underestimated it in winter (∼ 3 °C), with correlation coefficients between 0.7 and 0.85. Temperature biases are linked to surface property representation and model physics. For wind speed at 10 m (WS10m), biases were within ± 0.5 m s−1, indicating good agreement, although overestimations suggest deficiencies in surface drag parameterization. The dry bias observed was consistent with other studies due to dry soil, inaccurate mesoscale circulation representation, and bias in forcing data. The model also overestimated incoming shortwave radiation by ∼ 30 W m−2 in December due to reduced cloud cover. Night-time cold and dry biases were observed due to more substantial wind speeds and cooler air advection. Comparisons with ERA5 reanalysis showed regional T2m variations with high correlation coefficients (0.97 in summer, 0.92 in winter). Both WRF-Chem and ERA5 displayed consistent seasonal patterns in the planetary boundary layer, correlating with temperature changes and indicating good overall model performance.
The stochastic skeleton model for the Madden-Julian Oscillation with time-dependent observation-based forcing
Authors: Ehstand Noemie , Donner Reik V. , Lopez Cristobal , Barreiro Marcelo , Hernandez-Garcia Emilio
Published: February 2025

Abstract. We analyze solutions to the stochastic skeleton model, a minimal nonlinear oscillator model for the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). This model has been recognized for its ability to reproduce several large-scale features of the MJO. In previous studies, the model's forcings were predominantly chosen to be mathematically simple and time-independent. Here, we present solutions to the model with time-dependent observation-based forcing functions. Our results show that the model, with these more realistic forcing functions, successfully replicates key characteristics of MJO events, such as their lifetime, extent, and amplitude, whose statistics agree well with observations. However, we find that the seasonality of MJO events and the spatial variations in the MJO properties are not well reproduced. Having implemented the model in the presence of time-dependent forcings, we can analyze the impact of temporal variability at different time scales. In particular, we study the model's ability to reflect changes in MJO characteristics under the different phases of ENSO. We find that it does not capture differences in studied characteristics of MJO events in response to differences in conditions during El Niño, La Niña, and neutral ENSO.
Accelerated impact of airborne glaciogenic seeding of stratiform clouds by turbulence
Authors: Chen Meilian , Jing Xiaoqin , Li Jiaojiao , Yang Jing , Dong Xiaobo , Geerts Bart , Yin Yan , Chen Baojun , Xue Lulin , Huang Mengyu , Tian Ping , Hua Shaofeng
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Several recent studies have reported complete cloud glaciation induced by airborne-based glaciogenic cloud seeding over plains. Since turbulence is an important factor controlling mixed-phase clouds, including ice initiation, snow growth, and cloud longevity, it is hypothesized that turbulence may have an impact on the seeding effect. To understand the role of turbulence in seeded clouds, idealized WRF large eddy simulations (LESs) over flat terrain are conducted for a shallow stratiform cloud in which complete glaciation was observed. The results show that the model can reasonably capture the magnitude and spatial distributions of radar echoes in seeded areas. Sensitivity tests suggest that, for this case, stronger turbulence enhanced particle dispersion, the nucleation of silver iodide (AgI) particles, and the growth of ice crystals, which accelerated cloud glaciation, even though the condensation of droplets was also enhanced. The faster cloud glaciation intensified precipitation within a short time after seeding, while the liquid water was quickly consumed, leading to a decrease in precipitation rate in the further downwind areas. Such a transition from positive to negative seeding effect is more pronounced for seeding with a higher AgI release rate. This study provides strong evidence that turbulence plays a vital role in the physical chain of events associated with cloud seeding.
Quantifying Dust Deposition over the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Proestakis Emmanouil , Amiridis Vassilis , García-Pando Carlos Pérez , Tsyro Svetlana , Griesfeller Jan , Gkikas Antonis , Georgiou Thanasis , Ageitos María Gonçalves , Escribano Jeronimo , Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Masso Elisa Bergas , Di Tomaso Enza , Basart Sara , Stuut Jan-Berend W. , Benedetti Angela
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Quantification of atmospheric dust deposition into the Atlantic Ocean is provided. The estimates rely on the four-dimensional structure of atmospheric dust provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) – “LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure” (LIVAS) climate data record (CDR) established on the basis of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) – Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) routine observations. The data record of atmospheric dust deposition rate is provided for the broader Atlantic Ocean region, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico, confined between latitudes 60° S to 40° N, and is characterized by 5° (zonal) x 2° (meridional) spatial resolution, seasonal-mean temporal resolution, and for the period extending between 12/2006 and 11/2022. The estimates of dust deposition are evaluated on the basis of sediment-trap measurements of deposited lithogenic material implemented as reference dataset with good agreement between the two datasets, revealing the capacity of the satellite-based product to quantitatively provide the amount of dust deposited into the Atlantic Ocean region, as shown by the evaluation intercomparison, evaluation intercomparison characterized by correlation coefficient ~0.79 and mean bias of 5.42 mg/m2d. Moreover, integration of the satellite-based dust deposition rate dataset into AeroVal allows assessment comparison of the variability amongst the dust deposition CDR and dust deposition field estimates provided by the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry (MONARCH), EMEP MSC-W, and EC-Earth3-Iron Earth System Models (ESM), with the comparison revealing the capacity of the satellite-based product to follow the seasonal activation of dust source regions and the four-dimensional migration of dust transport pathways. Overall, the annual-mean amount of dust deposition into the Atlantic Ocean is estimated at 274.79 ± 31.64 Tg yr-1, of which 243.98 ± 23.89 Tg yr-1 of dust is deposited into the North Atlantic Ocean and 30.81 ± 10.49 Tg yr-1 of dust is deposited into the South Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, a negative statistically significant trend in Atlantic Ocean dust deposition is also revealed. The satellite-based dust deposition CDR is considered unique with respect to a wide range of potential applications, including compensating for geographical and temporal gaps of sediment-trap measurements, supporting evaluation assessments of model simulations, shedding light into physical processes related to the cycle of dust from emission to transport and eventually deposition, and providing a solid basis to better understand dust biogeochemical impacts on oceanic ecosystems, as well as impacts on weather and climate.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАТРИЦЫ РИСКОВ ПРИ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИИ И ИСПОЛНЕНИИ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СДЕЛОК
Authors: КАУРАКОВА М.В.
Published: February 2025

Цель работы – освещение отдельных вопросов минимизирования рисков, возникающих и со- провождающих заключение и реализацию внешнеэкономических сделок. Основу настоящего исследования со- ставляют диалектический и системный методы, а также метод моделирования. В настоящем исследовании по- казаны некоторые особенности: 1) сбора необходимой информации об иностранном правопорядке для цели локализации коммерческой деятельности либо любого иного взаимодействия; 2) подготовки к заключению внешнеэкономических сделок; 3) заключения и исполнения внешнеэкономических сделок. В статье даны ответы на наиболее актуальные вопросы, возникающие в ходе заключения и исполнения внешнеэкономических сделок.

Purpose of article is a to deal with the issues of minimizing risks arising and accompanying the conclusion and execution of foreign trade transactions. The basis of this study forms dialectical, system and modeling methods. This study shows some features of (1) collection of necessary information on the foreign legal order for the purpose of localizing commercial activities or any other interaction; (2) preparation for the conclusion of foreign trade transactions; (3) conclusion and execution of foreign trade transactions. This paper answers the most pressing issues that arise at the conclusion and execution of foreign trade transactions.
ПРЕДЕЛЫ И ОБЛАСТИ САМОРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ РОССИЙСКИХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЙ КОРПОРАТИВНЫХ ДИРЕКТОРОВ
Authors: ЯКОВЛЕВ А.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Саморегулирование присутствует в организациях различных организационно-правовых форм. Степень и возможности для инициативного регулирования также разнятся. Саморегулирование имеет место быть и в деятельности профессиональных объединений корпоративных директоров. Подобные организации по-разному подходят к вопросам саморегламентации. Разнятся области и глубина саморегулирования в них.

Self-regulation takes place in organizations of various legal forms. The extent and opportunities for proactive regulation also vary. Self-regulation also takes place in the activities of professional associations of corporate directors. Such organizations have different approaches to issues of self-regulation. The areas and depth of selfregulation in them vary.
ПЕРЕВОДНОЙ РУБЛЬ СОВЕТСКОГО СОЮЗА И ЦИФРОВОЙ РУБЛЬ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ФИНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВОЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: ЗАРИПОВ Ш.Р. , ГАЗИЗОВА Р.Т. , ИВАЩЕНКОВА К.А. , РОЖЕНЦЕВ А.А. , РОЖЕНЦЕВ М.А. , ТАЯНОВИЧ В.И.
Published: February 2025

Цель работы – выявить и дать оценку наиболее значимым особенностям переводного рубля Советского Союза и цифрового рубля Российской Федерации. Использовались метод системного анализа, исторический метод, формально-юридический метод, метод изучения документов, метод включенного наблю- дения, структурно-функциональный метод и другие методы познания. В статье исследованы тенденции совер- шенствования переводного рубля Советского Союза и цифрового рубля Российской Федерации. Изучены осо- бенности деятельности Центрального банка Российской Федерации по совершенствованию цифрового рубля.

The purpose of the work is to identify and evaluate the most significant features of the transferable ruble of the Soviet Union and the digital ruble of the Russian Federation. The method of system analysis, the historical method, the formal legal method, the method of studying documents, the method of included observation, the structural and functional method and other methods of cognition were used. The article examines current trends in the improvement of the transferable ruble of the Soviet Union and the digital ruble of the Russian Federation. The article examines the specifics of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation's efforts to improve the digital ruble.
АДВОКАТСКАЯ МОНОПОЛИЯ: МИФ ИЛИ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ
Authors: ЗАРИНА А.М.
Published: February 2025

В современном юридическом сообществе не утихает дискуссия по поводу отнесения вопросов представительства в судах к квалифицированной юридической помощи, которая должна оказываться исклю- чительно адвокатами. Однако следует отметить, что общество не в полной мере готово к данным преобразова- ниям ввиду отсутствия экономических предпосылок и сложностей реализации данного процесса на сегодняш- ний день. Также отмечается особая ценность получения высшего образования по юридической специальности, которое обладает полным набором компетенций для осуществления практической деятельности, в том числе и в судах. Решением проблемы оказания некачественной юридической помощи является создание реестров не- добросовестных юристов.

In the modern legal community, the discussion about classifying issues of representation in courts as qualified legal assistance, which should be provided exclusively by lawyers, does not subside. However, it should be noted that society is not fully prepared for these transformations due to the lack of economic prerequisites and the difficulties in implementing this process today. It is also noted that obtaining a higher education in a legal specialty, which has a full range of competencies for practical activities, including in the courts, is of particular value. The solution to the problem of providing poor quality legal assistance is the creation of registers of unscrupulous lawyers.
ВОПРОСЫ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТИ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ В УГОЛОВНОМ КОДЕКСЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ КОНФИСКАЦИИ ИМУЩЕСТВА И СУДЕБНОГО ШТРАФА
Authors: БУНИН О.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Через критерии справедливости рассматриваются пробелы и противоречия действующих уго- ловно-правовых норм о конфискации имущества и судебном штрафе. При конфискации имущества в первую очередь должны справедливо решаться вопросы возмещения вреда потерпевшему и законному владельцу. При освобождении от уголовной ответственности с назначением судебного штрафа определяющее значение должна иметь справедливая (соразмерная) компенсация вреда государству. На основе анализа норм УК РФ и судебной практики выводятся возможности справедливого совершенствования уголовного закона и практики его применения.

Through the criteria of fairness, gaps and contradictions of the current criminal law norms on confiscation of property and a court fine are considered. When confiscating property, first of all, the issues of compensation for harm to the victim and the rightful owner should be fairly resolved. When exonerating from criminal liability with the imposition of a judicial fine, fair (proportionate) compensation for harm to the state should be of decisive importance. Based on the analysis of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and judicial practice, the possibilities of fair improvement of the criminal law and the practice of its application are deduced.
PLATFORMIZATION INTERMEDIARIES: OPTIMIZING NEWS FOR PLATFORMS IN INDIA
Authors: Agarwal Simran
Published: February 2025

Platformization of news, and the resultant concerns for publishers, have led to the rise and formalization of a network of intermediaries that mediate between news businesses and large distribution platforms in India. These intermediaries facilitate and broker interactions between news publishers and platforms by providing AI/ML tools and algorithmic expertise on news production, distribution, and monetization. This paper locates and conceptualizes them as platformization intermediaries, highlighting their role in reshaping cultural economies and practices into platform-optimized models. Platformization intermediaries leverage certified partnerships with major platforms thereby assisting in integrating platform infrastructure, funding and governance models into the digital news industry.

Taking a political economy approach, this study critically examines the services and market dynamics of a range of platformization intermediaries in the news industry in India. Further, interviews with these actors in India unpack the implications on news publishers and the public interest value of news. This paper draws focus onto these emerging and influential actors aiding the platformization of news. It highlights their role in translating platforms' algorithmic and economic priorities into the human and social practices of news-making, and in reinforcing platform dependencies within the digital news industry.
BETWEEN GRAPHICAL 'EXCELLENCE‘, LITERACY, AND POLYSEMY: A BI-NATIONAL STUDY OF DIGITAL POLITICAL VISUALIZATION RECEPTION
Authors: Amit-Danhi Eedan , Pentzold Christian , Rakebrand Thomas
Published: February 2025

Digital political visualizations often highlight an inherent conflict between visualization practitioner heuristics and standards, which are geared towards leading audiences to a ‘correct’ reading, and the use of “strategic ambiguity” (Eisenberg, 1984) to increase political appeal. While excellence in creation and interpretation of visualization is studied and theorized primarily with the visualization’s attributes in mind, the ubiquity of digital political visualizations as a rhetorical genre brings forth a host of audience-side considerations and decoding processes so far neglected by scholars. Thus, this paper amalgamates perspectives onto visualization as a communicative technology, a rhetorical genre, and a persuasion-tool by exploring the relationship between graphical excellence, audience’s graphical literacy, and the ensuing polysemy in personal/group readings of digital political visualizations. Asking: How do audiences decode political messages embedded in visualizations shared online? We conducted a bi-national focus-group study (8 groups, 67 participants), in which participants conduct group- and individual- decoding of digital political visualization stimuli. We find that all stimuli, regardless of design heuristics and/or topic, resulted in starkly polysemic readings, with participants’ attitudes ranging between graphical avoidance, and calls for ‘interpretive freedom,’ suggesting that the epitome of literacy is the ability to see beyond the intended meaning and assert one’s own interpretation according to their worldviews. We thus suggest is it imperative to view digital political visualizations’ reception as a result of both visualizers’ choices and audience’s individual/collective interpretive freedom, striving for ‘graphical excellence’ as a shared pursuit of both audiences and visualizers, aimed to bring forth more benign digital deliberation.
SCROLL, PRINT, ALGORITHMICALLY CLUSTER: A CO-ANALYSIS APPROACH TO EXPLORE THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN USERS, PLATFORMS AND ALGORITHMIC MODELS ON INSTAGRAM
Authors: Carah Nicholas , Brown Maria-Gemma , Tesiram Rani , Kahukura Hine , Enright Lisa , Hawker Kiah
Published: February 2025

Over the past fifteen years Instagram has industrialised and platformised the everyday practices of creating and sharing digital images. Our posts and stories are both an archive of our lives and visual practices, but also part of the historical process of assembling image data sets for training machine vision systems. This paper presents the final part of a multi-year project where we use a combination of cultural and computational methods to explore the relationships between our everyday image-making practices and the algorithmic models of Instagram (Authors). We present findings from a study with 25 participants who have used Instagram for five or more years as part of their professional or creative practices. Participants downloaded and donated their complete archive of Instagram posts and stories. We then printed out 500 images from their profile as photographs and clustered their entire archive using our purpose-built machine vision system. In a co-analysis interview participants scrolled back through their Instagram profile, narrating changes in their practices and the platform over time. They then manually sorted the images printed from their archive and explored a visualisation of the algorithmic clustering of their images. Through this process of co-analysis we elicit the algorithmic imaginary of users and develop an intimate platform biography of how their practices are entangled with platform interfaces and algorithmic models.
THE OFFLINE STRIKES BACK: COMPLICATING THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN COVID-19 MUTUAL AID ACTIVISM
Authors: Ferrari Elisabetta
Published: February 2025

As the Covid-19 pandemic spread globally, activist-led mutual aid efforts quickly emerged all over the world to help people access food and other basic necessities. Mutual aid activists relied on multi-layered digital practices to coordinate their efforts, largely by employing corporate digital technologies. In conversation with the literature on digital activism and drawing on 40 interviews with activists in the US, Italy and the UK, in this paper I examine how Covid-19 mutual aid complicates our understanding of the intersection of activism and digital technologies and of the online/offline divide. I show that contradictory experiences of the digital marked this wave of solidarity activism. First, while mutual aid was fully digital, especially given the necessity to organize while physically distancing, it was also embodied, because activists physically had to come together to prepare and distribute food and PPE. At the same time, there was also a new appreciation for digital-only activism as an equally valid form of engagement. Second, some mutual aid groups adopted very sophisticated tech-enabled systems, which required significant labor to manage and had a steep learning curve. Other groups, however, relied on less sophisticated tech practices (e.g. Whatsapp chats and phone calls). Even in a moment of heightened centrality of digital communication, such as the pandemic, the offline was still crucial. I argue that we can make sense of these somewhat contradictory aspects through activists’ commitment to care as overarching principle, which oriented them towards developing more inclusive movements, built on overlapping modalities of activism.
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE BY DIGITAL PLATFORMS: HOW TWITCH CHANGED ITS PLATFORM OVER TIME
Authors: Garvey Kevin Patrick , Flonk Daniëlle
Published: February 2025

Since its launch in 2011, the live streaming platform Twitch has continually expanded its mechanisms for monetizing interactions between content creators and their viewers. While numerous studies document the motivation of viewers (Sjöblom, et. al. 2017; Wulf, et. al. 2020), experiences of live streamers (Taylor, 2018; Sjöblom, et. al., 2019; Woodcock & Johnson, 2019), and platform policy (Partin, 2020; Poell, et. al., 2022), an explanatory framework and a clear timeline of functional changes on Twitch is still missing. Tracking Twitch changes can shed light on what motivates them, and what is likely to influence the platform going forward.

The literature on Twitch platform policy focuses mainly on how the platform mimics features that were first introduced by users, a process Partin (2020) called “envelopment”. However, we argue that there are two important parallel mechanisms that motivate change. First, via competition, Twitch copies features from other platforms. Second, via realignment, Twitch meets user demands for changes on the platform. This process of strategic cooptation of features via envelopment, competition, and realignment, is what we call adaptive governance. It is this holistic approach of adaptive governance that remains a blind spot in the literature and which this article aims to give a first description of.
FROM PLATFORMS TO PROTOCOLS, FORGES, STACKS AND DAOS: ON THE PLATFORMISATION AND DEPLATFORMISATION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gray Jonathan , Bounegru Liliana
Published: February 2025

This paper contributes to the critical study of platformisation and deplatformisation of software development and how networked infrastructures commodify, configure and challenge relations between code, coders, communities, technologies, investors and industries. It explores the political economic and cultural dimensions of the platformisation of software development in the news industry with a case study on Github. It then examines how resistance to platformisation and counter-mobilisations in the context of free software, art and activism surface alternative arrangements for socialising software development imbued with other logics.

The paper proposes the concept of “connective coding” to characterise GitHub’s dominant modes of configuration and capitalisation of public repositories and profiles and the power relations that underpin it, whereby public software and project development work becomes assets in the platform economy that have the potential to be variously capitalised by the platform and its associated third-party ecosystem. This institutional perspective is complemented by an analysis of newsroom industry practices mediated by the platform and how GitHub modulates visibility in this space.

The second part of the paper reflects on efforts to deplatformise software development by examining various responses and counter-mobilisations partly prompted by Microsoft’s controversial purchase of Github. It reviews the development of alternative coding spaces such as Gogs, Gitea, Radicle and Forgejo, and the values, practices, concerns and communities associated with them. In doing so it contributes to conference themes pertaining to political economy, labour and resistance in digital industries.
UNPACKING EXPERTISE IN THE PRIVACY TECH INDUSTRY
Authors: Grover Rohan
Published: February 2025

Companies that collect personal data have spent billions of dollars complying with a patchwork of global data privacy laws since 2018. In response, a nascent privacy tech industry has emerged, consisting of tech startups, consultants, investors, platforms, and domain experts that collectively help companies build compliant data governance programs. This study recognizes the key role of translating the law into software products by asking: how is expertise defined and encoded in the privacy tech industry? I draw on fieldwork from a broader ethnographic study of the privacy tech industry to identify three findings. First, the privacy tech industry constitutes a networked arena of relations structured by partitioning professional expertise across technical, legal, and operational domains. Second, technical expertise in the privacy tech industry is often tenuous and contingent, which could be strengthened by applying scrutiny and deliberation to evaluate the content of expertise rather than its performance. Third, boundaries of expertise are increasingly encoded in compliance software, perpetuating performative rather than scrutinized expertise. At scale, these products promote managerial processes that manifest as checkbox compliance, codifying splintered accountability and undermining the spirit of data privacy law. I argue that technology policy would benefit from scrutinizing the contents of expertise, inviting agonistic deliberation, and including lay expertise to counter the technocratic structural relations of a surveillance economy.
RECONTEXTUALIZING VIOLENCE IN REAL TIME: LIVE STREAMING & THE GOVERNANCE OF INCONSISTENCY ON TWITCH.TV
Authors: Harris Brandon C. , Tran Christine H. , Persaud Christopher J.
Published: February 2025

How does inconsistency become an institution? Here, we examine platform governance and moderation on Amazon’s Twitch.tv as a cultural practice. Through case studies and thematic analysis, we showcase moments of regulatory inconsistency that are constitutive of how Twitch manages harm. Our analysis identifies contexts, temporalities, and violence as critical themes for identifying Twitch’s inconsistent moderation. We offer a playbook for better understanding live streaming platform governance as an iterative process which frequently targets vulnerable streamers.

We applied thematic analysis to two case studies to document how regulatory inconsistencies are directed at historically marginalized streamers. These cases include Twitch’s response to: 1) Kai Cenat’s impromptu community meet-up which was labeled a riot by the NYPD and 2) When Twitch modified their clothing and attire policy three times in one month to curtail the so-called ‘topless meta’, where a handful of women staged their cleavage to imply full nudity and optimize viewer engagement.
PODCASTING, VR, AI AND THE EVOLUTION OF INTIMACY
Authors: Karathanasopoulou Evi
Published: February 2025

Using radio and podcast studies as its main scholarship areas, this paper will examine the potential for Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to change podcasting both in how it is crafted and in how audiences consume podcasts. Focusing on the idea of intimacy this paper interrogates how this defining characteristic of “sound-based digital media” (Hilmes, 2013:44) may persist and evolve, particularly through conceptualizations of space and place, imagined and actual. In a landscape where podcasting is increasingly perceived by (mostly younger) audiences and creators to be a visual medium (Berry, 2023), I want to explore how intimacy may continue to be a defining characteristic of podcasting. In particular, and going well beyond just the aural or indeed beyond the combination of the visual and the aural, I want to understand what intimacy can mean when podcasting moves into the virtual reality immersive space.

This paper’s case study is the video version of episode 398 of the Lex Fridman Podcast, which is an interview with Facebook and Meta’s co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg, titled 'First Interview in the Metaverse'. In the podcast, the two meet in the metaverse to discuss the new possibilities that this technology, in combination with AI, may open in the ways that humans communicate with each other through the internet. Looking at themes such as disembodiment, imagination and materiality, this paper examines what VR and AI technologies can mean for podcasting and the way audiences and podcasters may communicate and create meaning through them.
FROM FLORIDA AND TEXAS TO KARLSRUHE: ONLINE PLATFORMS AS PUBLISHERS OF YORE OR AS (UN)COMMON CARRIERS?
Authors: Katsirea Irini
Published: February 2025

The question as to the most apt regulatory model to apply to the internet is one that occupies legislators, policymakers and courts around the world. This question was recently debated in two diametrically opposed judgments by the Court of Appeals for the Fifth and the Eleventh Circuit, triggered by challenges to the Texas and Florida ‘anti-online censorship’ laws. The Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit likened platforms to common carriers, disputed that their content curation amounts to First Amendment protected speech, and upheld the constitutionality of the Texas law. The Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit rejected platforms’ characterisation as common carriers. It argued that their content moderation decisions are First Amendment protected editorial judgements and declared the Florida law unconstitutional. These judgments did not address the closely linked, and equally vexed question whether users should be able to assert their free speech rights against social media platforms. In Germany, this question has been fought in a multitude of court cases, and has divided courts and commentators alike. The pending Supreme Court judgment and a possible German Constitutional Court verdict on the power of platforms to moderate users’ speech are likely to decisively shape the future of the internet. This paper proposes to contribute to this debate by adopting a comparative constitutional methodology to test, first, the historical analogies between old and new media employed in the Florida and Texas cases, and secondly, the limits of regulating social media platforms by human rights.
AUDITING THE CLOSED IOS ECOSYSTEM: IS THERE POTENTIAL FOR LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL APP INSPECTIONS?
Authors: Lai Signe Sophus , Pybus Jennifer , Lomborg Stine , Svendsen Kristian Sick
Published: February 2025

Scholarly attention is increasingly paid to the dynamic and embedded ways in which third-party tracking has become widespread in the mobile ecosystem. Much of this research has focused almost exclusively on Android applications in Google Play and their respective infrastructures of data capture, even though Apple and their App Store have a significant market share. To examine Apple’s ecosystem and to overcome the challenge of opening and inspecting large quantities of apps, we have explored the role that a large language model (LLM) can play in enabling this process? We have opted to use Chat GPT-4 because of how it has been designed to assist humans in both interacting and understanding code. We therefore ask: Can Chat-GPT assist scholars interested in Apple’s mobile ecosystem through the auditing of Apple app (IPA) files?

The outcomes of the explorative study include 1) an evaluation of Chat-GPT4 as an assistant for reading code at scale as well as its potential for automating processes involved in future app monitoring and regulation; 2) a deep dive into the shortcomings of Chat-GPT4 when it comes to interventions into the mobile ecosystems; and 3) a discussion of ethical issues involved in harnessing LLM for forwarding a research agenda around Apple’s otherwise understudied ecosystem. Our exploration aims to evaluate a methodological intervention that could bring more observability into an otherwise closed ecosystem that promises the preservation of end-user privacy, without any meaningful external oversight.