bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas de professoras de língua estrangeira acerca do curso de formação continuada com base no programa E-TEC Idiomas Sem Fronteiras
Authors: Gonzales Seus Lucélia , Araujo Cunha Ana Paula
Published: September 2022

Este artigo resulta do recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, realizada em 2018, cujo foco recai sobre as perspectivas de um grupo de professoras de Língua Estrangeira (LE), da rede municipal de ensino de Pelotas-RS, sobre o curso de Formação Continuada embasado no Programa e-Tec Idiomas, oferecido em parceria entre a Secretaria Municipal de Educação e Desporto (SMED) e o Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul), com o intuito de que os professores cursistas passassem a inserir, em suas aulas, atividades mediadas pelas Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC). Neste sentido, por intermédio da aplicação de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada, investigou-se em que medida tal curso contribuiu para a qualificação do fazer pedagógico das docentes participantes. Mais especificamente, analisaram-se as perspectivas de tais sujeitos, consubstanciadas nas seguintes categorias emergentes: (i) Das motivações de participar do curso de formação de professores de LE oferecido pela SMED, em parceria com o IFSul; (ii) Das novas visões frente às práticas pedagógicas de sala de aula através da formação; e (iii) Das abordagens dos conteúdos programáticos nas aulas de Língua Estrangeira após a formação. Sublinha-se que, apesar dos obstáculos reportados, o curso de formação em tela propiciou às docentes envolvidas espaços colaborativos e momentos profícuos de compartilhamento de ideias, conhecimentos e práticas, reverberando em um vislumbrar de práticas mais condizentes com as demandas educacionais do Século XXI.
The first surviving ‘schoolbook’ of Hungarian music education: The Szalkai Codex
Authors: Kelemen Judit
Published: September 2022

One of the most outstanding cultural events of the year 2019 is the facsimile edition of the Hungarian Szalkai Codex, thanks for which are due to cooperation between the Library of the Primate of Esztergom and the Collection of the Roman Catholic Church at Sárospatak. This outstanding cultural asset, written at Sárospatak (called Patak at that time) and guarded at Esztergom, serves as a curiosity not only for researchers interested in palaeography but also for specialists working in different fields of the history of education. This codex is not only the oldest, but at the same time the only surviving Hungarian schoolbook from the Middle Ages. With its help we may reconstruct some of the ways in which town (parish) schools operated under the reign of King Matthias. The present study focuses on medieval music education.
Synchronized Laparoscopic Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Eslahi Ali , Zeighami Shahryar , Ahmed Faisal , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Ebrahimi Bahareh , Anbardar Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2022

Pheochromocytomas are tumors producing catecholamines that arise from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. They are usually benign in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndrome, but they tend to present bilaterally in 50–80% of the patients. Few researchers have reported success with simultaneous laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy. Hence, we report a 48-year-old woman who presented with a panic attack, headache, and abdominal discomfort that had started 10 years ago. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large bilateral cystic lesion in both adrenal glands in favor of pheochromocytomas (30 × 22 mm and 18 × 15 mm on the right side and 40 × 33 mm and 35 × 28 mm on the left side). The patient underwent bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy without intraoperative or postoperative complications. The total blood loss was 50 cc, and the operative time was 4 h. The histopathology of the specimen revealed pheochromocytomas of adrenal masses. In conclusion, our case demonstrates that synchronized laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy can be a safe and feasible treatment option for pheochromocytomas in MEN2 patients.
Türkiye'nin Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde yayılış gösteren nadir ve endemik bir tür ve dişinin ilk tanımı: Agatharchus ponticus Belousova, 1999 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: DURSUN Ahmet , FENT Meral
Published: September 2022

During a study conducted in Amasya and Çorum Provinces of Türkiye between 2020-2021, the endemic species Agatharchus ponticus Belousova, 1999 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was recorded for the first time in the Black Sea Region. The female of the species, whose original description was based on a male specimen, is described here for the first time. In addition, new locality information has been added to the distribution area of the species, which have previously been known to be rare in Anatolia, and male and female genitalia with photographs are given to verify the identification of the species.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE INFLUENCE OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS IN 1994
Authors: JA Robinson
Published: September 2022

This contribution focuses on the changes that have been brought about by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 with regard to the concept of marriage qua institution. The Act on Recognition of Customary Marriages 120 of 1998 and the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Fourie v Minister of Home Affairs (2005 3 SA 429 (SCA)) are discussed against the background of the Constitution. In the discussion of the Act, the focus falls on the aspects of lobolo and polygyny that have been retained in the Act. It is also indicated that the decision in Fourie may be considered as the logical conclusion of a different approach towards marriage. In both instances, however, there is a deviation from the “one man and one woman” requirement. The conclusion is reached that the application of constitutional norms and prescripts may not result in the structure of marriage being negated as it has developed socio-legally. The suggestion is made, therefore, that in view of the interest of the state in stable relationships to form the cornerstone of society that formal recognition be given to relationships/unions that are characterised by reciprocal obligations of support and responsibility. Such relationships may be called a union, but the institution of marriage should be reserved exclusively for those who, out of religious convictions or cultural reasons, want to enter into a relationship that meets the common law requirement of the concept. Such couples will then be able to conclude not only a legally recognised union, but also a marriage which will be available only to heterosexual couples.
PARATE EXECUTIE AND PUBLIC POLICY. THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEAL PROVIDES FURTHER GUIDELINES
Authors: WG Schulze
Published: September 2022

The right of a creditor to realise the property of its debtor without first obtaining the permission of the court is clouded in controversy. This type of extra-judicial execution is known in Roman-Dutch law as parate executie (literally: “immediate execution”). The essence of parate executie is that it allows the creditor to self-help in the event of default by the debtor. The tenability of parate executie has come under judicial scrutiny in the recent past, not least because of its potential infringement of the provisions contained in section 34 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Section 34 provides that “[e]veryone has the right to have any dispute that can be resolved by the application of law decided in a fair public hearing before a court or, where appropriate, another independent and impartial tribunal or forum” (see in this regard, First National Bank of South Africa Ltd v Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa; Sheard v Land and Agricultural Bank of South Africa 2000 3 SA 626 (CC); (2000 8 BCLR 876); Chief Lesapo v North West Agricultural Bank 2001 1 SA 409 (CC); Findevco (Pty) Ltd v Faceformat SA (Pty) Ltd 2001 1 SA 251 (E); De Beer v Keyser 2002 1 SA 827 (SCA); Senwes Ltd v Muller 2002 4 SA 134 (T); Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd t/a OK Franchise Division v Juglal NO (unreported case no 6049/01, 13 Sep 2002 (D)) (which was endorsed on appeal in Juglal NO and another v Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd t/a OK Franchise Division 2004 5 SA 248 (SCA)); Graf v Buechel 2003 4 SA 378 (SCA) (which dealt with a forfeiture clause (ie, pactum commissorium) and therefore falls outside the direct scope of the present note); and Bock v Dubororo Investments (Pty) Ltd 2004 2 SA 242 (SCA)).These cases have further been discussed in a number of case notes (see Scott “Summary Execution Clauses in Pledge and Perfecting Clauses in Notarial Bonds” 2002 65 THRHR 656 et seq; Steyn “Perfection Clauses, Summary Execution (Parate Executie) Clauses, Forfeiture Clauses (Pacta Commissoria) and Conditional Sales in Pledge Agreements and Notarial Bonds – The Position Clarified” 2004 Obiter 443 et seq; and Schulze “Parate Executie, Pacta Commissoria, Banks and Mortgage Bonds” 2004 37 De Jure 256 et seq).Although parate executie is employed by many creditors to realise the security that they hold, commercial banks, being the prime example of money lenders in modern times, have a particular vested interest in retaining parate executie as a valid instrument to realise movables that were given to the bank as security.In the recently reported decision in SA Bank of Athens Ltd v Van Zyl (2005 5 SA 93 (SCA)) the court was asked to pronounce on the validity of a clause that provides for parate executie on the movable property (in the present case: four investment policies) of a defaulting debtor which were held by a bank. The court was further asked to determine whether a parate executie clause is in conflict with public policy.
CONSTRUCTIVE BREAKING − A CONSTRUCTIVE PART OF THE HOUSEBREAKING CRIME?
Authors: Suhayfa Bhamjee  , Shannon Hoctor
Published: September 2022

Section 9 of the Theft Act of 1968 heralded a new formulation of the crime of burglary in English law, in that the unlawful conduct associated with the crime was changed from the previous elements of breaking and entering, to the requirement of a trespassory entry. Thus the element of breaking was dispensed with. Prior to the passing of the Theft Act, the English crime of burglary, along with other offences involving breaking and entering, was governed by sections 25-27 of the Larceny Act of 1916, which in turn fell to be interpreted and applied in terms of the abundance of common-law precedent. The common-law conception of the term “breaking” included both actual breaking and constructive breaking. The former notion involved the displacement of some obstacle in order to facilitate the unlawful entry into the premises: drawing a bolt, turning a key, lifting a latch, raising a cellar flap or window sash (Turner Kenny’s Outlines of Criminal Law 18ed (1962) 246). Constructive breaking may be defined as “obtaining an entrance into the [premises] by any threat or artifice used for that purpose, or by collusion with any person in the [premises]” (Stephen and Stephen Stephen’s Digest of the Criminal Law 5ed (1894) 283; see also Turner Russell on Crime 11ed (1958) Vol 2 919ff; Palmer and Palmer Harris’s Criminal Law 20ed (1960) 332; and Cross and Jones An Introduction to Criminal Law 5ed (1964) 256).Whilst it is generally accepted that the crime of housebreaking with intent to commit a crime (hereinafter “the housebreaking crime”) in South African law has its roots in the English common law rather than the Roman-Dutch law (Snyman Criminal Law 4ed (2002) 540; and R v Fourie; R v Louw 1907 ORC 58 59), it has been doubted whether the common-law notion of constructive breaking has been received into South African law (Milton South African Criminal Law and Procedure Vol II: Common-law Crimes 3ed (1996) 800). Moreover, Gardiner and Lansdown have stated that the “doctrine of constructive breaking … would probably not be approved by South African courts if the matter came into question” (Lansdown, Hoal and Lansdown Gardiner and Lansdown’s South African Criminal Law and Procedure Vol II: Specific Offences 6ed (1957) 1720). It is proposed to examine whether constructive breaking has indeed been introduced into South African law, by examining the three aspects of constructive breaking set out in the above definition: entry by threat or duress, entry by artifice or fraud, and entry by collusion with another within the premises.
PHYSICIAN/HOSPITAL LIABILITY FOR THE NEGLIGENT REPORTING OR DIAGNOSIS OF CHILD ABUSE JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust [2005] UKHL 23
Authors: Pieter Carstens
Published: September 2022

Medical practitioners, health care practitioners/providers and hospitals are increasingly called upon to make a diagnosis of children who appear to be the victims of sexual or other abuse. Occasionally mistakes are made and such abuse is incorrectly diagnosed, leading to tragic consequences for the child, family and other caregivers. Children may be taken into foster care and parents may suffer psychological trauma and psychiatric illness. Parents or caregivers may even be wrongly accused of such abuse, and consequently tried and convicted on the basis of expert medical evidence. The question arises whether those wrongly accused of such abuse may institute a claim for damages and other relief. It is particularly in the common law jurisdictions that this question has recently surfaced in the context of whether a physician or hospital owes a duty of care to the wrongly accused parent.The English courts in particular have recently been confronted with incorrect/negligent misdiagnoses of child abuse by physicians that have led to the wrongful convictions of a number of appellants who successfully challenged their convictions before the English Courts of Appeal and subsequently had their convictions set aside. Whether physicians in England and Wales owe parents who are wrongly alleged to have abused their children a duty of care in relation to that diagnosis, has now conclusively been dealt with by the English House of Lords in the case of JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust ([2005] UKHL 23).
Effects of fixed functional devices on patients’ oral health-related quality of life
Authors: TEKİN Fatma , BALOŞ TUNCER Burcu
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine treatment expectations of patients and parents, and the initial effects of fixed functional devices on oral health-related quality of life.
Materials and Method: The study comprised 50 patients (39 female, 11 male, mean age 16.24 years) with Angle Class II,1 malocclusion, who were planned to be treated with forsus fatigue resistant device (FFRD). Treatment expectations of the patients and their parents/legal guardians were assessed before the treatment. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was assessed 1-month after bonding (T1), and repeated 1-month after placement of FFRD (T2). Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for the evaluation of the differences in scores between treatment periods and Mann-Whitney U test for the evaluation of gender differences. Results: Main motivation for seeking orthodontic treatment was to improve dental appearance for the patients, and facial esthetics for their parents. Results declared that girls took their orthodontic problems more seriously than boys (p<0.05). The highest mean scores in OHIP-14 were achieved for “difficulty in eating”, and “feeling pain”. No significant difference between treatment periods was noted.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the lack of serious adverse effects of the use of fixed functional devices on patients’ quality of life, and that patients might probably experience problems about physical status, mainly for functional limitations, rather than psychological status and social interactions. The findings may assist clinicians in understanding the concerns about these appliances.
Water quality for irrigation in the Huallaga basin, Peru
Authors: Cerna-Cueva Alberto Franco , Aguirre-Escalante Casiano , Wong-Figueroa Bertha Leonor , Tello-Cornejo Janeth Leynig , Pinchi-Ramírez Werner
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of surface water used for irrigation in the Huallaga basin. We worked with water quality monitoring data in the basin conducted by the National Water Authority (ANA) counting 139 monitoring points, evaluating 41 parameters for the period 2014 - 2019, the Peruvian Water Quality Index (ICA - PE) intended for irrigation was calculated, using as reference values the Environmental Quality Standard (ECA) for surface water in category 3 D1 (irrigation water). Of the 139 monitoring points, 26 (18.71%) were of excellent quality, 62 (44.60%) of good quality, 35 (25.18%) of fair quality, 13 (9.35%) of poor quality and 3 (2.16%) of very poor quality. The main contaminants found were thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, which on average exceeded the ECA by 606 and 288 times and by 53.4% (1029/1927) and 38.9% (701/1803) respectively. Contamination by organochlorine pesticides, in 100% (10/10) of the chlordane measurements the RCT was exceeded and with respect to Endrin, Aldrin and DDT the RCT was exceeded in 40% (10/25). The pH, in 25.6% of the measurements the water was outside the ranges tending to alkalinity and for manganese, iron and aluminum, exceeded the ECAs in 17.7%, 13.3% and 11.2% respectively. The main contaminant sources are agricultural and municipal wastewater and the presence of critical points of solid waste.
Phylogenomic analysis of Xanthomonas v1
Authors: J Studholme David
Published: September 2022

This is a protocol for using PhaME to generate a phylogenomic tree from a set of Xanthomonas spp. genome sequences.
Japanese Native Speakers’ Perception on Learners’ Pronunciation of Double Consonant Sounds in Japanese Adverbs (Fukushi)
Authors: Husna Lailatul , Febriyanti Rike
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of Japanese native speakers on the pronunciation of the double consonant「促音」 (sokuon) in Japanese adverbs or 「副詞」 (fukushi) namely「ゆっくり 」 (yukkuri),「ずっと」(zutto), and「やっと」(yatto) by ten Japanese language students in a state university in East Java, Indonesia. This study uses both quantitative and qualitative approach with conducting assessments of students’ pronunciation of Japanese adverbs (fukushi) by three Japanese Native Speakers (JNS). The results showed that eleven data were pronounced perfectly and naturally, sixteen data were pronounced naturally, four data were pronounced a little naturally, and one data was pronounced a little unnaturally and unnaturally. However, there were seven data misunderstood by the JNS. The results also show that differences in JNS perception of the respondent’s pronunciation have an impact on the assessment, and the double consonants also affect the duration of pronunciations which affects the assessment from JNS. In addition, the Japanese language students participated in this study were all considered able to pronounce the three「副詞」(fukushi) or Japanese adverbs correctly according to JNS.
A Comparative Study of Topic Selection Schema in The First-time Conversation Between Japanese and Sundanese Native Speakers
Authors: Sasmita Regi Wijaya
Published: September 2022

First-time conversations play an important role as a starting point in building relationships. However, the lack of information about interlocutors makes it difficult to decide what topic to take up. In this study, we targeted 10 pairs of native Japanese speakers and Sundanese native speakers, clarified what topics would be selected in the first-time conversation by university students, and examined similarities and differences between both native speakers. As a result, in the conversation data of the Japanese pairs, 20 topics out of 83 topics were recognized as “topic items”, and depending on the relationship between the topic items, they were then can be classified into eight categories, namely “affiliation”, “origin”, “university life”, “hobbies/enjoyment”, “living”, “commonalities”, “specialty”, and “society”. On the other hand, in the conversation data of the Sundanese pairs, 16 topics out of 95 topics were recognized as “topic items”, and they can be classified into seven categories, namely “university life”, “affiliation”, “residential”, “origin”, “commonalities”, “specialty”, and “society”. The overall picture of the classified categories and the topic items corresponding to the subclasses is the “topic selection list”, and the set of culturally shared knowledge about this “list” is the “first-time conversation topic selection schema”. The results of this study can be applied as a reference for topic selection in the first conversations with Japanese native speakers or Sundanese native speakers, especially between university students. The results also can be used as a repository of scientific knowledge in related fields such as sociolinguistic studies on conversational analysis, and as a reference on Japanese language education studies in general.
Structure, Usage, and Meaning of Japanese Conditional Sentences “to”, “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Japanese Spoken Language: A Study Case of Dr. Stone Animation
Authors: Gusti Meliana Setya , Artadi Ari , Setiawan Hari
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the structure, usage, and meaning of Japanese conditional sentences (jouken hyougen) with the patterns of “to”, “tara”, “ba”, “nara” in the Japanese spoken language. By using qualitative methods, this study is collecting conversational data taken from Japanese Animation Dr. Stone. The data in the form of sentences were analyzed based on their structure, usage, and meaning. The results of this study found that Japanese conditional sentences with the patterns of “to”, “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation have a structure that tends to be attached to verb and noun predicates. In the spoken languages in Japanese Animation Dr. Stone, there were also found that some conditional sentences have different structures and change of predicate structure other than the usual structure mentioned in Japanese textbooks. Further, the conditional sentence “to” in Dr. Stone’s animation tends to be used to express general conditions or knowledge known by speakers, speech partners, and the general public. On the other hand, the conditional sentences “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation tends to be used to express conditions that may occur or the conditions that are assumed will occur by the speaker. Regarding the meaning of the conditional sentence “to” in Dr. Stone’s animation, “to” has the meaning of naturally occurring phenomena such as chemical reactions and physics, while the conditional sentences “tara”, “ba”, and “nara” in Dr. Stone animation have the meaning of conjecture or assumption, awareness or perception, and suggestion.
JAPANEDU Volume 7 Issue 1, June 2022 Front Matter
Authors: Editor in Chief JAPANEDU
Published: September 2022

Front Matter of  JAPANEDU Volume 7 Issue 1, June 2022
Criterios para la regulación temporal de las confrontaciones e interpretaciones
Authors: Devereux George , Palomera Vicente
Published: September 2022

Título original: Some Criterio for the Timing of Confrontations and Interpretations (1951). International Journal of Psychanalysis, XXXII, (t. I), pp. 19-24.
Evaluación del impacto de la Alianza por un Futuro Libre de Caries. Territorio demostrativo, comuna 20 de Cali
Authors: García-Zapata Lina María , Bergonzoli Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Introducción: el proyecto Alianza por un Futuro Libre de Caries nació en el año 2009; en el año 2010 se consolidóel capítulo Colombia como la primera iniciativa a nivel mundial constituido para trabajar en pro de la salud bucalde la primera infancia para mantenerlos libres de caries cavitacional. Conformado por profesionales representantes de la Academia, Empresa Privada y Empresas del Estado interesados en generar estrategias contextualizadas que permitieran integrar elementos del sistema de Salud y del Sistema Educativo para garantizar comunidades libres decaries dental. Las acciones se centraron en la primera infancia, por ser un grupo de interés para las políticas públicasnacionales y por la evidencia del aumento en la prevalencia de caries dental reportada en el estudio nacional. El objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del proyecto Alianza en la comunidad menor de 6 años de uno de los 4 territorios intervenidos por la Alianza en Colombia la Comuna 20 ubicada en la Ciudad de Cali Colombia, seleccionada como área demostrativa por la Universidad del Valle, desde el año 2010 a la fecha. Métodos: a partir del marco RE-AIM, se realizó una evaluación del impacto de la intervención durante los años 2011 al 2018, para ello se integraron loscomponentes del modelo constituidos por la cobertura, efectividad, adopción, implementación y mantenimiento de la intervención para la población de 0-5 años. Resultados: la intervención evaluada muestra que el 89% de la población menor de 5 años ha sido beneficiada con acciones de educación y aplicación de barniz de flúor, aumentó la población libre de caries del 34 al 57%, el proyecto se ha mantenido gracias al convenio docencia servicio y por los espacios de intersectorial. El 54% de los niños visitados en casa han tenido acceso a servicios de atención individual por odontólogo, solo el 30% del protocolo inicial se mantuvo bajo la estrategia de Salud Familiar. Conclusiones: la Alianza por un Futuro Libre de Caries es un proyecto que ha permitido articular recursos, intenciones y voluntades para el desarrollo de las acciones interinstitucionales, en favor de la salud bucodental de la primera infancia. En el tiempo evaluado muestra una mejora en la cobertura, aumento en el porcentaje de niños libres de caries, permanencia de la intervención y participación activa y permanente de las instituciones que hacen parte de la Alianza. Estos hallazgos destacan la necesidad de articular este componente al proceso de Atención Primaria en Salud en las redes de salud local.
Depresión, ansiedad y estrés durante la pandemia COVID-19 en estudiantes de Odontología
Authors: Pérez-Bejarano Nohelia , Gamarra-Insfrán José Miguel , Díaz-Reissner Clarisse Virginia , Adorno Carlos G. , Fretes-López Vicente Reinaldo , Diaz-Carbajal Rebecca Carmina , Adorno Víctor R.
Published: September 2022

Introducción: en diciembre del 2019, se reporta en el mundo un caso de neumonía causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). En Paraguay, actualmente se registraron más de 428.000 casos confirmados y más de 13.500 muertes. En ese contexto, la enseñanza ha tenido que convocarse al entorno virtual generando, en todos los niveles, modificaciones reactivas conductuales nacidas desde diversas causas: la dificultad al acceso a elementos informáticos, necesidad en diversos grados de reaprendizaje en un entorno no habitual y sobre todo la incertidumbre. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés durante la pandemia covid-19 en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: para este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal se incluyeron estudiantes de grado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, matriculados al periodo académico 2021. Se utilizó la escala de Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) short form. Cada uno de los tres ejes (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) contiene 7 ítems, divididas en subescalas de contenido similar. Las puntuaciones fueron categorizadas en cinco grupos ordenados (normal, leve, moderada, severa y muy severa). Resultados: los estudiantes de Odontología presentaron cuadros de depresión y ansiedad, con síntomas de ansiedad moderada en un 42,58%; 1,29% presentó depresión severa. Conclusión: la mayoría de los estudiantes de Odontología presentaron cuadros de depresión y ansiedad con síntomas muy comunes, como la imposibilidad de relajarse, falta de iniciativa, irritabilidad y nervios.
Realidad del cuidador universitario de un familiar dependiente
Authors: López Heddy
Published: September 2022

El objetivo del artículo es identificar las características socioeconómicas del estudiante universitario cuidador de un familiar con dependencia. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa exploratoria transversal, aplicándose un instrumento que midió dimensiones sociodemográficas, rol y consecuencias del cuidado. Se contó con el consentimiento informado, confidencialidad y participación voluntaria de 30 estudiantes. Los resultados evidenciaron que 83,3% son mujeres, que cuidan a padres, en estratos 2 y 3, con ingresos entre un salario mínimo y menos. Han dedicado entre 2 y 6 años y más de 8 horas al cuidado del familiar. Se presenta afectación en su desarrollo académico, depresión y estrés.  Se demuestra perfil de vulnerabilidad con factores intrínsecos como extrínsecos que se constituyen en un perfil de riesgo de abandono. Se requiere trascender a otras esferas, comúnmente privilegiadas para la salud, generando un rol activo en estudiantes y un acompañamiento profesional culturalmente competente.
IMPAK PERINTAH KAWALAN PERGERAKAN (PKP) TERHADAP KESIHATAN MENTAL WANITA: SATU TINJAUAN AWAL DI KALANGAN WANITA DI SELANGOR
Authors: Mohamad Farah Fazlinda
Published: September 2022

Masalah kesihatan mental merupakan masalah kesihatan kedua yang menyerang rakyat Malaysia selepas penyakit jantung. Masalah kesihatan mental ini menjadi semakin serius sejak kerajaan melaksanakan perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP) di seluruh Malaysia. Hal yang demikian telah memberikan impak yang sangat besar terhadap kelangsungan hidup semua peringkat masyarakat terutamanya golongan wanita. Golongan wanita adalah golongan yang amat terkesan dengan pelaksanaan PKP kerana mereka perlu memegang dan memainkan pelbagai peranan ketika di rumah seperti ibu, isteri, pekerja, suri rumah dan guru. Hal ini telah menjadikan kehidupan mereka lebih mencabar dan ini telah memberikan kesan kepada kesihatan mental mereka. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji impak PKP semasa pandemik COVID-19 terhadap kesihatan mental wanita dari segi tekanan psikologi iaitu kemurungan (depression) dan kebimbangan (anxiety). Kaedah kaji selidik secara atas talian dijalankan bersama 100 orang responden wanita. Instrumentasi kajian ini telah diadaptasikan daripada Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Hasil dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa PKP memberikan impak kepada kesihatan mental wanita dari segi tekanan psikologi, kebimbangan dan kemurungan. Selain itu, faktor sosioekonomi juga mempengaruhi kesihatan mental wanita. Kajian ini memberikan kefahaman kepada masyarakat bahawa kesihatan mental wanita adalah isu yang sangat penting dan perlu dititikberatkan oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Oleh itu, masalah kesihatan mental wanita perlulah menjadi agenda utama dalam pembangunan kesihatan mental wanita dan dalam memperkasakan peranan wanita di Malaysia. Intervensi yang bersesuaian juga perlu dilaksanakan oleh kerajaan dan pemegang taruh seperti menyediakan akses dan peluang interaksi sosial untuk membantu wanita mengekalkan kesihatan mental dan kualiti hidup.
MASALAH KEBERSIHAN KAWASAN PELANCONGAN: KAJIAN KES DI PUSAT REKREASI PULAU CHEKAS, RAUB, PAHANG
Authors: Ismail Norsahida , Tahir Zurinah , Hussain Mohd Yusof , Abdul Malek Jalaluddin
Published: September 2022

Pelancongan adalah suatu kajian manusia yang bertentangan dengan habitat semula jadi mereka serta penglibatan industri yang bertindak balas kepada keperluan mereka, dan memberi kesan ke atas diri mereka dan industri itu daripada sudut sosiobudaya,ekonomi dan persekitaran. Sesuatu kawasan pelancongan tersebut tidak akan berjalan dengan lancar sekiranya persekitaran tersebut mempunyai masalah kebersihan dan penyelenggaraan tidak diurus dengan baik. Kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenalpasti masalah kebersihan yang timbul di kawasan kajian iaitu di Pusat Rekreasi Pulau Chekas, Raub, Pahang. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpastimasalah penyelenggaraan kebersihan, dan menganalisis langkah-langkah untuk meningkatkan tahap kebersihan di kawasan tersebut. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah kajian perpustakaan dan kajian lapangan yang melibatkan edaran soal selidik. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 140 orang pengunjung pusat rekreasi tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa rata-rata pengunjung berpendapat bahawa persekitaran kawasan pusat rekreasi tersebut tidak berada dalam keadaan bersih ekoran longgokan sampah yang tidak diurus dengan baik. Masalah kebersihan di kawasan tersebut perlu diambil perhatian oleh pihak yang sepatutnya dan kerjasama para pengunjung juga sangat dititikberatkan. Oleh itu, kebersihan kawasan rekreasi perlulah dijaga supaya dapat memberi keselesaan kepada para pengunjung di samping dapat memelihara khazanah alam semulajadi. Hal ini juga dapat menjaga imej pusat rekreasi supaya dapat menarik lebih ramai para pengunjung untuk mengunjungi pusat rekreasi dan memperkenalkannya kepada negara luar. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini dapat mengenalpasti tahap kebersihan di Pusat Rekreasi Pulau Chekas kerana kawasan rekreasi tersebut merupakan salah satu destinasi tumpuan pengunjung kerana kejernihan air sungai semulajadinya. Hasil kajian yang diperoleh akan dapat membantu dijadikan sebagai panduan bagi penyelenggaraan dalam mengatasi masalah kebersihan di pusat rekreasi.
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL FEMALE MIGRANT YOUTH IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE CASE OF FEMALE REFUGEES IN A SELECTED CHURCH IN MUSINA
Authors: Khutso Mamadi , Frank Rapholo Selelo , Justin Ramoshaba Dillo
Published: September 2022

This qualitative research sought to explore sustainable livelihoods for the international female migrant youth in South Africa by using a narrative theory. South Africa has a number of the international female migrant youth coming from countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) who migrated to the country for better standards of living and sustainable livelihoods. Studies reveal that during their quest to seek a better life, female migrants face various challenges which impede their successful adaptation in South African communities. There are no studies specifically conducted in Musina to allow female migrant youth to narrate strategies for their sustainable livelihoods given the challenges they face. Thus, nine female refugees in a selected church in Musina were conveniently and purposefully selected as a case study to pursue the aim of the current research. Data was collected through semi-structured face to face interviews and were analysed thematically with the assistance of the Nvivo software. Findings reveal that female migrants find it difficult to secure jobs in South Africa because of their undocumented status. For their sustainable livelihoods, female migrant youth employ different strategies to mitigate hunger and unemployment which include street vending, setting up hair salons and doing menial jobs such as cleaning, washing for South African households. The study has also found that female migrant youth have an entrepreneurial mind as they have established certain strategies to survive under extreme hardships. It can thus be concluded from this study that female migrant youth in South Africa are faced with unpleasant challenges upon their arrival leading them to making tough decisions on how they are going to survive, hence their involvement in the informal sector. Skills based programmes to empower immigrants should be established in order to assist those who cannot find employment.
An Investigation into Female Representation in Theatre Production in Northeast Ohio
Authors:   , Cvetic Meghan , Yau Pamela
Published: September 2022

This case study looks to discover if women are underrepresented in theatre production roles in the region of northeast Ohio, which includes the city of Cleveland and other cities to the west of it. Lists of production staff were regarded to discover and calculate the percent of men and women in each position to determine the amount of disparity. In person interviews were conducted, by the author, with twelve women currently living and working in theatre in the target area. Interviewees included at least one woman from each of the production positions and represented a variety of ages and years of work experience. The women were asked questions in order to discover the experiences the individuals had while working in theatre. Similarities were discovered during the interviews about support, personal feelings, gender stereotypes, and barriers. Interviewees gave thoughts and opinions about possible solutions and discussed how they could be implemented to bring about change to allow for gender equality. The outcome of the research shows that gender equality is quite different depending on the production position in question. The more technical positions of set, sound, and lighting designer, which are historically stereotypically associated with the male gender, hold a high majority of men holding these roles. Whereas the positions that are associated with the female gender, which are more artistic including costume designer and choreographer, held a female majority in these positions. Gender stereotypes and lack of female representation in theatre production positions historically were revealed as barriers to current gender parity in these roles. The purpose of this case study was to discover the status of women's involvement in production positions to bring awareness of gender inequality at theatre organizations in the area in order to bring about change toward equality and inspire other regions to follow suit.
Evaluating IMF Structural Conditionality and Good Governance
Authors: Ataman Yila
Published: September 2022

At the turn of the century, while facing significant criticism for the inherent invasiveness of structural conditionality, the
frequently high number of conditional requirements attached to loans, and relatively low implementation rates of conditional reforms,
the IMF made a series of changes to their conditionality practices to streamline back to their core organizational mission of
macroeconomic stability. The IMF defends its continued use of structural conditions with the institutional transparency and
accountability that these conditions seek to impose, thereby reducing corruption. IMF structural conditions can however create
new opportunities for corrupt linkages to develop and limit the state’s institutional capacity to limit corruption. This study seeks
to assess the impact of IMF structural conditionality on corruption within 131 countries between 2000 and 2014. Replicating Stubbs,
Reinsberg, Kentikelenis and King’s 2018 methodology, this study implements these scholars’ maximum likelihood estimation with an instrumented
variable approach to isolate those structural conditions imposed through IMF lending arrangements to assess their effects on a specific
indicator of governance, corruption. The findings indicate structural conditionality does not significantly reduce corruption; this effect
is statistically insignificant and not distinguishable from zero. While no broad conclusions can be reached in the setting of statistical
insignificance, the IMF’s contention that structural conditionality uniformly abates corruption across borrowers is called into question.
The latest news for May 2022 all you need to know on monkeypox
Authors: Makkar Dheeraj
Published: September 2022

Monkeypox virus was named so because of its detection in monkeys in 1958. It belongs to the same family as smallpox and chickenpox viruses. There had been numerous outbreaks of this malady initially in the African continent and other parts of the world. The simultaneous spread in nineteen countries in 2022 has raised some serious concerns.

Monkeypox is no more a rare disease and has the potential for bioweapon use. We discuss the various ways to prevent its spread, treatment options available, diagnosis, and differentiation from other closely related diseases. We also discuss if the present outbreak could be a bioattack or if this disease is here to stay.

The literature suggests that we can effectively manage Monkeypox because of the availability of drugs and vaccination against smallpox. There is also a need for active surveillance against the new resistant recombinant viral strains. The possibility of this outbreak being a bioattack seems remote, although there are questions about the transmission which still need to be answered.
Drug-target genes and their spontaneous mutations associated with resistance to first-line, second-line, third-line, novel and repurposed anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant strains
Authors: Mumena David Kajoba , Kwenda Geoffrey , Ngugi Caroline Wangari , Nyerere Andrew Kimang’a
Published: September 2022

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a threat to the control of tuberculosis globally, it develops mainly due to mutations in target genes of (MTB). Mutations in the rpoB gene confer resistance to rifampicin (RIF). The most frequent mutations conferring resistance to RIF include; Ser531Leu, Asp516Val, and His526Asp. Isoniazid resistance (INHr) occur most frequently due to mutations in the and its promoter. Most frequent mutation in is Ser315Thr 1, while in inhA include; Thr8Cys, Ala16Gly, and Cys15Thr. Mutations in , and genes confer resistance to ethambutol. 70% of mutations in the gene occur in codon 306, 406, or 497 and include; Met306Leu, Gly43Cys, and Ser412Pro. Mutations in the , and genes mediate resistance to pyrazinamide. Frequent mutations in A include; Tyr64Ser, Phe94Ala, and Trp68Gly. MTB resistance to streptomycin (STR) occur due to mutations in the , B, and L genes. Mutations (Ala80Pro), and L (Lys43Arg) confer resistance to STR. Fluoroquinolone resistance is mediated via mutations in the A and B genes. The most common mutations in the A gene include; Gly88Cys, Ala90Val, and Ser91Pro. While those in the gyrB gene include; Glu540Val, and Asn538Asp. Mutations in the rrs and promoter region cause resistance to the kanamycin and amikacin. While mutations in the and A cause resistance to capreomycin and viomycin. Common mutations in include; Cys1402Thr, Ala1401Gly, and Gly1484Thr. While mutations in the include; Cys12Thr, Gly10Ala, and Gly37Thr.Detection of drug-target genes and their mutations has therapeutic and diagnostic value.
Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore
Authors: Narayanaswamy Girish , Kothapalli Mahesh Babu , Rani Leela , Maheshwar Uma , Babu Ravi , Paruchuri Sanjay , Karpuranath Shashidhar , Mishra Rama , Alapaty Shailaja
Published: September 2022

Prevention of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) is central to providing safe and high quality healthcare. Transmission of infection between patients by health workers, and the irrational use of antibiotics have been identiﬁed as preventable aetiological factors for HAIs. Few studies have addressed this in developing countries.

To assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted infection control and antibiotic stewardship programme on HAIs and antibiotic use.

A retrospective study was conducted for a study period of 11months (June 2021-April 2022) in Vydehi Hospital, Bangalore. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit and wards were included in the study. Intervention period was 6 months (June 2021-Nov 2021) and post-intervention period was 5 months (Dec 2021- April 2022). Assessment of HAIs was made based on the criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The multifaceted intervention consisted of hand hygiene campaign, isolation of multidrug resistance organism’s patients, water and air quality analysis, training of health care workers in infection control practices, and antibiotic stewardship. Data was collected using an identical method in the intervention and post intervention periods.

We observed a major reduction in HAIs, from 89% (198/222 patients) in the intervention period to 10.8% (24/222 patients) in the post intervention period (relative risk (RR) (95% CI) 0.48 (0.31 to 0.56). Antibiotic use in ICUs declined from 58% (780/1347) to 44% (442/995) (RR 0.44 (0.40 to 0.55). Overall, hand hygiene compliance among the health- care workers was maintained at 100% during both the periods.

Multifaceted infection control interventions are effective in reducing HAI rates, improving the rational use of antibiotics, increasing hand hygiene compliance, and may reduce mortality in hospitalised patients in developing countries.
Carriage of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from contact surfaces in food vending outlets within Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Nfongeh Joseph Fuh , Dalhat Nafisat Tijjani , Kabido Hulera Usman , Hadi Naja'atu Shehu , Akharenegbe Pedro
Published: September 2022

Contamination of food contact surfaces by increases the risk of food-borne diseases through cross-contamination which becomes more complicated with the development of multidrug resistance by the pathogen. This study was aimed at investigating multidrug resistance and carriage of carbapenemase genes among isolates from food contact surfaces in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

: A total of 924 swab samples (522 from Lafia and 402 from Nasarawa Eggon) were collected from various food contact surfaces in food vending outlets and screened for multidrug resistance and carbapenemase genes in isolates using standard culture, modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. Data obtained were statistically analyzed and p-value set at 0.05 confidence level.

Highest overall contamination prevalence of 43.33 % was obtained from hawkers’ outlets while table top surfaces had 35.43% with highest risk (odd ratio) of 1.94. Eateries and Hotels had no contamination. The prevalence values were significantly different (p<0.05) among the food contact surfaces, vending outlets and the two communities. Isolates from street vendors obtained highest resistance to OFX, REF, STR, CEP, NAL, SEP, AMP antibiotics group with MDRI of 0.7. The bla, bla and bla carbapenemase genes were harbored by representative isolates.

The presence of multidrug resistant with carbapenemase genes from food contact surfaces in vending outlets serves as a public health challenge and the need for personal hygiene and strict adherence to antibiotics protocols by food vendors is highly encouraged.
Study of antibiotic resistance pattern in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A six year analysis
Authors: Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Anjan Nayan , Rao S Vidya , Binub Kanniyan , Edavaloth Preethy
Published: September 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the common pathogen worldwide. It requires prolonged therapy to eradicate MRSA from a patient.

This study was undertaken to determine the changing trend of antimicrobial resistance in MRSA over six years in a tertiary care center.

: This was a retrospective observational study done at the tertiary care teaching hospital. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the MRSA isolated from various clinical samples from January 2013–December 2018 was studied. The data collected was entered in the Microsoft excel 2007, coded and were analyzed by frequency and percentage.

During the study period from January 2013 to December 2018, 1006 (27.42%) patients had MRSA out of 3668 patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Almost equal gender distribution was observed with males (52.78%), geriatric patients, i.e., ≥61 years constituted for around 32% infected patients. The samples that were received during this period included pus (64.59%), blood (26.23%), urine (5.53%) and sputum (3.65%). Other anti-MRSA drugs had changing resistance rate on year to year basis.

Continuous monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity and rationalizing the use of antibiotics remain an important and effective strategy to minimize the emergence of multi-drug resistant MRSA strains.