bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Should Only Popular Products Be Stocked? Warehouse Assortment Selection for E-Commerce Companies
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Lin Hongyuan , Liu Fang
Published: May 2024

Problem definition: This paper studies the single-warehouse assortment selection problem that aims to minimize the order fulfillment cost under the cardinality constraint. We propose two fulfillment-related cost functions corresponding to spillover fulfillment and order splitting. This problem includes the fill rate maximization problem as a special case. We show that although the objective function is submodular for a broad class of cost functions, the fill rate maximization problem with the largest order size being two is NP-hard. Methodology/results: To make the problem tractable to solve, we formulate the general warehouse assortment problem under the two types of cost functions as mixed integer linear programs (MILPs). We also provide a dynamic programming algorithm to solve the problem in polynomial time if orders are nonoverlapping. Furthermore, we propose a simple heuristic called the marginal choice indexing (MCI) policy that allows the warehouse to store the most popular products. This policy is easy to compute, and hence, it is scalable to large-size problems. Although the performance of MCI can be arbitrarily bad in some extreme scenarios, we find a general condition under which it is optimal. This condition is satisfied by many multi-purchase choice models. Managerial implications: Through extensive numerical experiments on a real-world data set from RiRiShun Logistics, we find that the MCI policy is surprisingly near optimal in all the settings we tested. Simply applying the MCI policy, the fill rate is estimated to improve by 9.18% on average compared with the current practice for the local transfer centers on the training data set. More surprisingly, the MCI policy outperforms the MILP optimal solution in 14 of 25 cases on the test data set, illustrating its robustness against demand fluctuations.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2021 M&SOM Data-Driven Research Challenge.

Funding: This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education (MoE) Tier 1 [Grant 23-0619-P0001].

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0428 .
The specialist community practitioner district nurse's role in optimising COPD
Authors: Aitken Alison , Lavery Joanna
Published: May 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term condition affecting all aspects of an individual's life. Specialist Community practitioner district nurses (SCPDN) manage patients with multiple co morbidities on their caseload, and as such require an extensive clinical knowledge base. COPD is a highly prevalent and complex disease; therefore, individualised holistic assessments are required to ensure patients receive personalised and evidence-based care. Care delivery must include an awareness of health interventions encompassing, screening, health promotion and prevention. The SCPDN's consideration of the physical, mental and social determinants which adversely affect the health of the individual with COPD is imperative to deliver high quality care to the individuals, families and communities.
Embedded journalism as a strategic enabler in US contentious foreign policy-making domestic legitimization
Authors: Margotin Clara
Published: May 2024

This article argues that in controversial conflicts, such as the 2003–2011 Iraq War, the US government can strategically utilize the influence it exhibits over the information the mass media have access to in order for war reporters to be (primarily) exposed to information that legitimizes war, and subsequently shares the latter with national audiences via their coverage of the conflict; so as to facilitate the (potential) generation of domestic public support for war, which has been demonstrated to be particularly crucial in contexts of contentious conflicts. Through the interviewing of eight reporters who worked as embedded or unilateral journalists during the Iraq War, and the thematic coding of 40 embedded and unilateral articles from The New York Times and the Washington Post published during this period, this study finds evidence suggesting that, compared to unilateral reporters, the information embedded journalists had access to during the Iraq War was controlled and limited by the US military, and was particularly oriented toward the legitimization of the conflict. Moreover, that this resulted in embedded journalists’ reporting of the Iraq War being, overall, more justifying of the conflict than unilateral reporters’ coverage. This article therefore contributes to the wider understanding of the ways in which the US government can utilize the leverage it posseses over the material the mass media have access to, in order to legitimize contentious foreign policy-making, and possibly gather (critical) favorable domestic public opinion for the latter.
The “National Question” revisited
Authors: Whitman Darrell
Published: May 2024

Moldova is a borderland, lying geographically between Slavic Russia and the modern, liberal states of the European Union. Historically, it took shape after the rise of a multicultural Ottoman Empire to its south and the disintegrating remains of the old Holy Roman Empire to its west. These influences remain, but long before modern history it was on the invasion path between Eastern and Western Eurasia, which itself was divided between Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism. Centuries of wars and occupation left a deep ethnic mark on Moldova, consisting of Dacian, Tartar, Roman, Greek, Ottoman, Russian, Magyar, and Jewish cultures. They all left their mark on Moldovan national identity, which was acquired by accommodating a cultural mix that required negotiation and tolerance which remains part of the Moldovan national identity today. This article looks at the “national question” around the example of Moldova.
China's Soft Power in Southeast Asia Through the Belt & Road Initiative and Vietnam's Reception
Authors: Dinh Julia Luong , Hoang Ha Hai , Lan Cu Thi Thuy
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The article analyzes the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) to explore China's soft power and its power projection trajectory toward its 'Great Rejuvenation'. In this article we use an analytical framework of a soft power spectrum to examine the central questions of how effectively China's state soft power has been advanced through the BRI projects in some Southeast Asian maritime countries. We also examine the Vietnamese assessment of China's soft power projection through the BRI. The empirical core of the article is based on the results of an in-depth expert survey conducted between March and June 2022. The article argues that should China succeed in shaping its partners' interests, preferences, and behaviors toward a higher level of co-option based on trust and attraction, without coercion, manipulation, inducement, or payment, such kind of positive soft power could make Southeast Asia a showcase example for others. Otherwise, China's defined soft power would work quite limitedly in the region and sooner or later be at a loss.
The Depression Housing Crisis: Which Owners and Investors Hurt Most?
Authors: Harris Richard
Published: May 2024

Abstract: During the Great Depression, many tens of thousands of owners and investors in residential property were devastated by mortgage defaults. Because contemporaries and historians have shown little interest in these people, we have little idea who they were. The only way to address this question is through an examination of local sources. Using land titles, property assessment records, city directories, and newspaper accounts, this case study of Hamilton, Ontario, provides a plausible, occasionally surprising, picture. The borrowers most likely to lose their property were those with high ratio mortgages, landlords (as opposed to homeowners), and surprisingly, those who owned the more expensive properties. Plenty of workers were affected, because they were numerous, and a high proportion owned homes. So, too, were many married women, widows, and spinsters, as both borrowers and lenders. Proportionately, those owners and investors most likely to experience losses were white-collar workers, the self-employed, and widows, while spinsters fared relatively well. Abstract: Pendant la Grande Dépression, plusieurs dizaines de milliers de propriétaires et d'investisseurs dans le secteur de l'immobilier résidentiel ont été dévastés par des défauts de paiement de prêts hypothécaires. Comme les chercheurs et historiens contemporains se sont peu intéressés à ces personnes, il est difficile de savoir qui elles étaient. Seul l'examen des sources locales peut permettre de répondre à cette question. À partir des titres fonciers, des registres d'évaluation des propriétés, des annuaires de la ville et des articles de journaux, cette étude de cas de la ville de Hamilton, en Ontario, peint un portrait tantôt plausible, tantôt surprenant. Les emprunteurs les plus susceptibles de perdre leur propriété étaient ceux qui avaient des hypothèques à ratio élevé, c'est-à-dire les logeurs (par opposition aux titulaires d'une maison) et, étonnamment, ceux qui possédaient les propriétés les plus dispendieuses. Beaucoup de travailleurs ont été touchés, parce qu'ils étaient nombreux et parce qu'une forte proportion d'entre eux étaient propriétaires de maisons. Il en va de même pour de nombreuses femmes mariées, veuves et célibataires, à la fois en tant qu'emprunteuses et en tant que prêteuses. Proportionnellement, les propriétaires et les investisseurs les plus susceptibles de subir des pertes étaient les cols blancs, les travailleurs indépendants et les veuves, alors que les femmes célibataires s'en sortaient relativement bien.
Recovering Identities from the Judicial Archives of Quebec
Authors: Olson Sherry , Poutanen Mary Anne
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Under the rigorous marriage regime of Quebec, two patterns of evasion have left puzzles in the nineteenth-century archives: an annual cohort of newborns registered "of unknown parents" and a perennial population of women whose husbands are "absent from this province and in parts unknown." We explore the circumstances under which some of the "unknowns" made themselves known. By mobilizing a network of support for judicial recognition, they recovered or extended their personal agency. Soundings in the guardianship records (Tutelles et Curatelles) for Montréal offer insights into the social contexts of family abandonment, the challenges of survival without status, and routines of ad hoc management by authorities of church and state. Abstract: Dans le cadre du régime matrimonial rigoureux du Québec, deux pratiques d'évasion ont laissé des traces dans les archives du XIXe siècle : une cohorte annuelle de nouveaux-nés enregistrés « de parents inconnus » et la pérennité d'une population de femmes dont les maris sont « absents de cette province et en des lieux inconnus ». Nous étudions ainsi les circonstances qui ont amené ces « inconnus » à se faire connaître. En mobilisant un réseau de soutien en vue d'une reconnaissance judiciaire, ces personnes ont pu retrouver ou étendre leur agentivité ou pouvoir d'agir. Les recherches effectuées dans les registres de tutelle (Tutelles et Curatelles) de Montréal offrent un aperçu des contextes sociaux liés à l'abandon familial, des défis de la survie sans statut et des routines de la gestion ad hoc par les autorités de l'Église et de l'État.
Evaluation of a Transitional Patient Navigation Protocol for People Living With Hepatitis C Virus in the New York City Jail System
Authors: Wiersema Janet , Schwartz Jessie , Bocour Angelica , Julian Emily , Chan Justin
Published: May 2024

Abstract: We evaluated outcomes from a telephone-based transitional patient navigation (TPN) service for people living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) upon returning to the community after incarceration in New York City (NYC) jails. NYC Health + Hospitals/Correctional Health Services offered referrals for TPN services provided by the NYC local health department patient navigation staff. We compared rates of connection to care among people referred for TPN services with those who were not referred. People living with HIV had a higher connection to care rate at three months (65.0% vs 39.8%, p≤.05) and people with opioid use disorder had a higher connection rate at six months (55.1% vs 36.1%, p≤.05) compared with people without these conditions. However, there was not an improved connection to HCV care associated with referral to TPN services for the overall cohort. Further research, including qualitative studies, may inform improved strategies for connection to HCV care after incarceration.
Shallow Subsidies for Veterans Facing Housing Barriers in the VA Supportive Services for Veteran Families Program
Authors: Nelson Richard E. , Byrne Thomas , Suo Ying , Effiong Atim , Pettey Warren , Zickmund Susan , Galyean Patrick , Kimball Elisabeth , Gelberg Lillian , Kertesz Stefan G. , Tsai Jack , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The Department of Veterans Affairs provides a shallow subsidy (i.e., subsidizing 50% of an individual's rent for two years) to Veterans experiencing housing instability. We sought to describe the characteristics of Veterans who received these subsidies. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Veterans between 10/2019–9/2021. We identified Veteran-level characteristics associated with receiving a shallow subsidy using a multivariable two-part regression model. We also conducted qualitative interviews to identify how shallow subsidies are allocated. Results Black race, higher income, more education, and older age were positively associated with receiving a shallow subsidy; previous homelessness, prior VA outpatient cost, and participating in permanent supportive housing were negatively associated with receiving a shallow subsidy. Interviews revealed that income was the most influential determinant of whether to give shallow subsidies. Discussion Our mixed methods findings were consistent, indicating that socioeconomic stability is an important driver of shallow subsidy allocation decisions.
Cannabis Co-Use Among Black Individuals with Chronic Pain Who Use Opioids: Associations with Other Substance Use and Pain Related Outcomes
Authors: Bakhshaie Jafar , Doorley James D. , Choukas Nathaniel R. , Fishbein Nathan S. , Grunberg Victoria A. , Vranceanu Ana-Maria
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Background Black individuals with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain tend to experience worse pain and opioid use-related outcomes, including other substance co-use, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Co-using cannabis with opioids could instigate a cascade of pain-related vulnerabilities and poor outcomes. Here, we test associations between cannabis/opioid co-use and pain-related outcomes among Black individuals with chronic MSK pain. Methods Black adults with chronic MSK pain who use opioids ( N =401; 51.62% female, Mage =35.90, SD =11.03) completed online measures of pain intensity/interference, emotional distress, opioid dependence, and risky use of other substances. Results Compared with opioid use alone, opioid and cannabis co-use was associated with elevated anxiety and depression symptoms, opioid dependence, and risky substance use, but not pain. Conclusions Black individuals with chronic MSK pain who co-use opioids and cannabis warrant targeted interventions that address their needs. Tailored interventions could help address disparities in pain-related outcomes and opioid morbidity and mortality rates.
A Social-ecological Perspective on Understanding Facilitators to Access Primary Health Care Services among Ethiopian Immigrant Women in the United States
Authors: Tefera Gashaye Melaku , David Ifeolu , Majee Wilson
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Using a social-ecological model (SEM), this qualitative study explored the facilitators of access to primary health care (PHC) among Ethiopian immigrant women in the U.S. Data were collected through in-depth interviews ( N =21, ≥18 years) and analyzed thematically using Nvivo12. At the individual level, stable employment, insurance, immigration status, proactivity, education, communication skills, and internet usage were identified as facilitators of PHC access. Interpersonal support from family and friends was highlighted as a key facilitator. Institutional facilitators included interpretation services and the sociocultural background of health care providers. On the community level, support from community organizations and residing in certain locations were recognized as facilitators of PHC access. No policy-level facilitators were identified. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening individual and interpersonal capacities, including job opportunities, social support, legal assistance for immigration status, and education and communication skills. Further research is needed to analyze policy gaps and suggest viable solutions.
Special Considerations for Brazilian Transgender Patients in the United States: A Commentary
Authors: Tristan-Cheever Elisa , Maia Juliana Libardi , Diabate Anita Coelho , Ximenes da Cunha Carlos Eduardo , Progovac Ana Maria
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Despite facing many social and structural challenges inside and outside of health systems, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) Brazilian immigrants in the U.S. are understudied, and their barriers to care are largely unnamed. In this commentary, we build on existing literature and our experiences at a safety-net community health system that sees a high volume of Brazilian patients to discuss challenges facing TGD Brazilian immigrant populations. We highlight that while Brazilian TGD populations face discrimination in Brazil, major challenges persist upon immigrating to the U.S., and include: difficulty updating identity documents and changing immigration status, barriers seeking general and specialized health care (including finding bilingual and bicultural providers), challenges navigating complex health and insurance systems, and a lack of community supports. We end by recommending more coordinated efforts between health care and community organizations to help ensure the health and wellness of TGD Brazilian immigrants in the United States.
Law, Liturgy, and Intent: Isaac of Corbeil’s Liturgical Innovation in Thirteenth-Century France
Authors: Galinsky Judah D.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: From the late twelfth century onward, the Church shows increasing concern for the religious welfare of all Christians. This development within Church policy is reflected in the educational reforms of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) and in the flourishing of works written for the sake of “pastoral care.” This study presents one example of a Jewish scholar who wished to influence the religiosity of the entire community by enacting a liturgical innovation. Isaac of Corbeil advocated the daily recitation of an abbreviated list of commandments to create awareness of the religious commandments that obligated all Jews. After introducing Isaac of Corbeil’s initiative, this essay explains its religious significance and the centrality of “intent” in his thought, and traces sources that may have influenced his thinking. An appendix regarding the textual evidence is included.
The Role of Sibling Support for First-Generation College Student Adjustment
Authors: Lindell Anna K. , Nuttall Amy K. , Chopik William J.
Published: May 2024

Abstract: More than half of U.S. college students are first-generation students (i.e., without a parent who completed a bachelor's degree), yet these students are at increased risk compared to continuing-generation students for earning lower grades, not completing their degree, and lower life satisfaction. First-generation students are also less likely to use institutional resources when they need support, and parental support may be less useful given parents' limited college experiences. Yet, the potential value of sibling support has been understudied. The present study examined whether perceived sibling support was associated with self-esteem, life satisfaction, hope, and adaptive coping mechanisms among first-generation college students ( n = 167). Overall, receiving more sibling support was associated with greater self-esteem, life satisfaction, hope, and the use of adaptive coping mechanisms, with some nuances based on gender and sibling structural characteristics. Thus, siblings may serve as important sources of support for first-generation college students' academic success and well-being.
Gender-Based Associations Between College Students' Disclosure to Siblings and Disclosure to Best Friends or Romantic Partners
Authors: Guo Yue , Giron Sonia E. , Lindell Anna K. , Campione-Barr Nicole
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Emerging adulthood is a time filled with instability, but disclosure within close egalitarian relationships such as siblings, friends, and romantic partners can help when coping with stress. The present study examines patterns of disclosure across these relationships, as well as specific associations between relationships with siblings and peers. College students ( N = 232, M age = 18.5 years, 62.9% female) reported their frequency of disclosure to their closest-aged sibling, same-gender best friend, and, when applicable, different-gender romantic partner ( N = 85). Results show that patterns of disclosure within relationships differ based on the type of issue that is being disclosed, and peers are chosen most often to be recipients of disclosure. The associations between sibling and peer disclosure are impacted by the sibling gender composition and show a compensatory relationship for individuals from mixed-gender dyads. Taken together, the findings of the present study highlight the unique role each of these relationships plays in emerging adulthood.
Teenage Development and Parental Authority: applying consensus recommendations to adolescent care
Authors: Ross Lainie Friedman , Hester D. Micah , Malone Jay R.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: The consensus recommendations by Salter and colleagues (2023) regarding pediatric decision-making intentionally omitted adolescents due to the additional complexity their evolving autonomy presented. Using two case studies, one focused on truth-telling and disclosure and one focused on treatment refusal, this article examines medical decision-making with and for adolescents in the context of the six consensus recommendations. It concludes that the consensus recommendations could reasonably apply to older children.
Decision-Making for Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Matheny Antommaria Armand H.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Legislation banning gender-affirming medical care (GAMC) for minors is inconsistent with the Consensus Recommendations for Pediatric Decision-Making (Salter et al. 2023). Gender dysphoria is a medical condition, and GAMC promotes adolescents’ health interests. The evidence for GAMC is comparable to the evidence for other types of pediatric medical care. Parents are permitted to consent for similar risks in the treatment of other conditions. Evaluation of the potential benefits, risks, and treatment alternatives is contingent on individual patients’ clinical conditions and adolescents’ and their parents’ values and preferences. Such decisions are within the scope of parental discretion and should be made through shared decision-making with health-care providers. Parents’ declining GAMC does not inherently create a significant risk of serious imminent harm required to justify state intervention. Usurping parental discretion for GAMC is unjust: it treats this medical care differently than other comparable types of medical care without sufficient justification.
Medical Decision-Making for Children in Families with Siblings: parental discretion and its limits
Authors: Ross Lainie Friedman , Iltis Ana S.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: This article examines how parents should make health decisions for one child when they may have a negative impact on the health interests or other interests of their siblings. The authors discuss three health decisions made by the parents of Alex Jones, a child with developmental disabilities with two older neurotypical siblings over the course of eight years. First, Alex’s parents must decide whether to conduct sequencing on his siblings to help determine if there is a genetic cause for Alex’s developmental disabilities. Second, Alex’s parents must decide whether to move to another town to maximize the therapy options for Alex. Third, Alex’s parents must decide whether to authorize the collection of stem cells from Alex for a bone marrow transplant for his sibling who developed leukemia. We examine whether the consensus recommendations by Salter and colleagues (2023) regarding pediatric decision-making apply in families with more than one child.
Limits on Parental Discretion in Medical Decision-Making: pediatric intervention principles converge
Authors: Navin Mark Christopher , Wasserman Jason Adam , Diekema Douglas S. , Pope Thaddeus M.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Pediatric intervention principles help clinicians and health-care institutions determine appropriate responses when parents’ medical decisions place children at risk. Several intervention principles have been proposed and defended in the pediatric ethics literature. These principles may appear to provide conflicting guidance, but much of that conflict is superficial. First, seemingly different pediatric intervention principles sometimes converge on the same guidance. Second, these principles often aim to solve different problems in pediatrics or to operate in different background conditions. The potential for convergence between intervention principles—or at least an absence of conflict between them—matters for both the theory and practice of pediatric ethics. This article builds on the recent work of a diverse group of pediatric ethicists tasked with identifying consensus guidelines for pediatric decision-making.
Cardiac cystic echinococcosis—A systematic review and analysis of the literature
Authors: Bumann Simone , Kuenzli Esther , Lissandrin Raffaella , Brunetti Enrico , Goblirsch Sam , Henning Lars , Tamarozzi Francesca , Neumayr Andreas
Published: May 2024

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, primarily affecting the liver and lungs. Although the heart is affected in only 0.02–2% of all CE cases, a considerable number of cases have been, and continue to be, published. However, due to the rare occurrence of cardiac CE and the resulting lack of clinical trials, knowledge about various aspects of the disease remains limited. To obtain a clearer picture of anatomical, clinical, diagnostic as well as therapeutic aspects of cardiac CE, we systematically reviewed the literature published between 1965 and 2022.

The anatomical pattern of the affected cardiac structures follows the extension of the supplying capillary bed. The majority of patients (82.7%) are symptomatic and present with prolonged non-specific symptoms such as dyspnoea, chest pain and palpitations. Acute complications generally derive from cyst rupture, occur in 18.3% of cases and manifest as embolism, pericardial tamponade, or anaphylactic reaction in 83.2%, 17.8% and 10.9% of these cases, respectively. As for CE cysts localized in other organs, the diagnosis of cardiac CE is made by imaging. Serology plays a minor role due to its limited sensitivity. Unlike abdominal CE cysts, cardiac CE cysts are usually resected independent of their stage (active/inactive), because their presence impairs cardiac performance and carries the risk of long-term sequelae. More than 80% of patients are treated with a single surgical intervention. We found a disease-related case fatality rate of 11.1%. Since local recurrence was reported up to 108 months and secondary CE up to 72 months after surgery, patients should be followed up for a minimum of 10 years.
Qualitative analysis as a tool for reducing investment risks in post-mining areas located in urban structures
Authors: Chećko Agnieszka , Jelonek Zbigniew , Jelonek Iwona
Published: May 2024

Urban development is not a process of even and planned progression on residential-industrial sites. Enclaves of high-standard space separate degraded and abandoned areas after industrial use has ended. The idea of the compact city is challenged by the need to search for niches for possible development and even to respond to crisis situations. Changing the approach to postmining sites located inside urban spaces generates an alternative to urban sprawl and the squandering of the stock of fertile suburban agricultural land. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the urban presence of postmining sites, to take a systemic view of ways to identify and describe their specific elements and to determine their impact, from the perspective of different user groups, on the quality of space. This research combined expert knowledge and the practical experience of users to create a model for a multilevel audit of postmining spaces. Knowledge about the postmining environment was transferred to landscape and urban design, creating a universal tool for developing strategies to increase the standard utilitarian functions of revitalized postmining areas. This tool will be useful at an early stage of urban development, management and planning.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women living with HIV (WLWH) at a tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Agyare Gyane Frederick , Modey Emefa , Maya Ernest , Bonney Evelyn Yayra , Abaidoo-Myles Araba , Paintsil Elijah , Torpey Kwasi
Published: May 2024

Background

Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high risk of developing cervical cancer. High- risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the single most important cause of cervical cancer. Vaccination for and early detection of pre-malignant cervical changes, through cervical cancer screening contributes to prevention of cervical cancer. This study sought to determine the prevalence of HPV among WLWH, genotypes present and the risk factors associated with cervical cancer development.

Methods and findings

An analytical cross-sectional study of 250 sexually active women aged 18 years and above, attending HIV clinic at a tertiary health facility in Accra. Demographic data collection and risk factor assessments were done using interviewer-administered questionnaire, and patient records. Cervical swabs were collected and tested for HPV using real-time PCR assays. Genotype analysis was performed on 92 samples. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to establish associations between hrHPV and risk factors among WLWH. Approximately 60% of study participants tested positive for HPV. The prevalence of hr-HPV among WLH was 44.4%. Factors identified to be protective of hrHPV were employment (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.56, p = 0.003) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Ritonavir-Lopinavir (TLRL) (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.95, p = 0.04). Women with HIV diagnosis within 6 to10 years (AOR = 4.89, 95% CI = 1.05, 22.70, p = 0.043) and diagnosis >10 years (AOR = 8.25, 95% CI = 1.24, 54.84, p = 0.029) had higher odds of hrHPV. Approximately 25% of samples analysed tested positive for hr-HPV group 1 (genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45,51, 52, 56, 58, 69) and 46.8% for multiple HPV genotypes.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of genotypes that include high risk genotypes 16 and 18 and multiple HPV infections was found among WLWH. Almost half of the women screened had high-risk HPV and were prone to cervical cancer without their knowledge. Regular HPV screening is recommended for high-risk patient groups.
Understanding the use of co-design methods for research involving older adults living with HIV: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Brown Paige , Singh Hardeep , Su Esther , Sirisegaram Luxey , Munce Sarah E. P. , Eaton Andrew D. , Zhabokritsky Alice , McKinlay Stuart , Kokorelias Kristina M.
Published: May 2024

There is a growing population of adults aged 50 years or older living with HIV, facing unique challenges in care due to age, minority status, and stigma. Co-design methodologies, aligning with patient-centered care, have potential for informing interventions addressing the complex needs of older adults with HIV. Despite challenges, co-design has shown promise in empowering older individuals to actively participate in shaping their care experiences. The scoping review outlined here aims to identify gaps in existing co-design work with this population, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity based on PROGRESS-Plus characteristics for future patient-oriented research. This scoping review protocol is informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual to explore co-design methods in geriatric HIV care literature. The methodology encompasses six stages: 1) developing research questions, 2) creating a search strategy, 3) screening and selecting evidence, 4) data extraction, 5) data analysis using content analysis, and 6) consultation with key stakeholders, including community partners and individuals with lived experience. The review will involve a comprehensive literature search, including peer-reviewed databases and gray literature, to identify relevant studies conducted in the past 20 years. The inclusive criteria focus on empirical data related to co-design methods in HIV care for individuals aged 50 or older, aiming to inform future research and co-design studies in geriatric HIV care. The study will be limited by the exclusion of papers not published or translated to English. Additionally, the varied terminology used to describe co-design across different research may result in the exclusion of articles using alternative terms. The consultation with key stakeholders will be crucial for translating insights into meaningful co-design solutions for virtual HIV care, aiming to provide a comprehensive synthesis that informs evidence-based strategies and addresses disparities in geriatric HIV care.
Causal relationship between ulcerative colitis and male infertility: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Xia , Li Tongyi , Chen Qiu
Published: May 2024

Aims

To explore the causal relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and male infertility using Mendelian randomization method with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as the instrumental variables.

Methods

Genetic loci closely associated with UC were extracted as instrumental variables and male infertility was the outcome variable in pooled data from the gene-wide association study (GWAS),which was derived from European ethnic groups. The UC data(ebi-a-GCST003045) contained a total sample size of 27432 individuals and 110944 SNPs, and the male infertility data(finn-b-N14_MALEINFERT) contained a total sample size of 73479 individuals and 16377329 SNPs. The SNPs highly correlated with UC were screened from ebi-a-GCST003045(P<5×10−8 as the screening condition, the linkage disequilibrium coefficient was 0.001,and the width of the linkage disequilibrium area was 10000 kb).SNPs related to male infertility from finn-b-N14_MALEINFERT (the minimum r2>0.8,replacing the missing SNPs with SNPs with high linkage, and deleting SNPs without substitution sites) were extracted. MR analysis was performed using MR-Egger regression, the weighted median and the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) respectively, and the causal relationship between UC and male infertility was evaluated by OR and 95% CI, and the Egger-intercept method was used to test for horizontal multiplicity, and the sensitivity analysis was performed using "leave-one-out method". Finally, we used Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization (BWMR) approach to test the results of MR study.

Results

A total of 86 SNPs were included as IVs, with OR and 95% CI of 1.095(0.820~1.462)、1.059(0.899~1.248)、1.125(1.002~1.264) for MR-Egger, the weighted median and IVW results respectively, and P value of less than 0.05 for IVW, indicating that a causal relationship between UC and male infertility was causally related. The results of MR analysis combined with BWMR analysis also showed positive genetic causal relationship between UC and male infertility.MR-Egger regression showed an intercept of -2.21×10−3 with a standard error of 0.006 and P = 0.751, there was no horizontal pleiotropy for the IVs of exposure factors. Heterogeneity tests showed no heterogeneity and the results of the "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis were stable.

Conclusion

There is a causal association between UC and male infertility, which increases the risk of developing male infertility.
A strategy to balance location privacy and positioning accuracy
Authors: He Li , Liu Junqing , Du Peiyao
Published: May 2024

In privacy protection methods based on location services, constructing anonymous areas using location information shared by collaborative users is the main method. However, this collaborative process not only increases the risk of mobile users’ location privacy being leaked, but also reduces positioning accuracy. In response to this problem, we propose a balancing strategy, which transforms the problem of protecting mobile users’ location privacy and improving positioning accuracy into a balance issue between location privacy and positioning accuracy. The cooperation of mobile users with different collaborating users is then modeled as an objective optimization problem, and location privacy and positioning accuracy are evaluated separately to make different selection strategies. Finally, an optimization function is constructed to select the optimal selection strategies. Experimental results show that our proposed strategy can effectively achieve the balance between location privacy and positioning accuracy.
The short-chain fatty acid propionate prevents ox-LDL-induced coronary microvascular dysfunction by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in HCMECs
Authors: Hong Dan , Tang Wen , Li Fei , Liu Yating , Fu Xiao , Xu Qin
Published: May 2024

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a critical pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Lower endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation leads to reduced endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide (NO) generation, causing and accelerating CMD. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been shown to reduce NO production in umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) damages endothelial cell function. However, the relationship between ox-LDL and coronary microcirculation has yet to be assessed. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), a fermentation product of the gut microbiome, could improve endothelial-dependent vasodilation in human adipose arterioles, but the effect of SCFA on coronary microcirculation is unclear. In this study, we found ox-LDL stimulated expression of ER chaperone GRP78. Further, we activated downstream PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/JNK, and ATF6 signaling pathways, decreasing eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in human cardiac microvascular endothelial. Furthermore, SCFA-propionate can inhibit ox-LDL-induced eNOS phosphorylation reduction and raise NO production; the mechanism is related to the inhibition of ER stress and downstream signaling pathways PERK/eIF2a, IRE1/JNK, and ATF6. In summary, we demonstrate that ox-LDL induced CMD by activating ER stress, propionate can effectively counteract the adverse effects of ox-LDL and protect coronary microcirculation function via inhibiting ER stress.
Navigating intellectual property (IP): A comparative analysis of Australian universities’ IP policies
Authors: Jamali Hamid R.
Published: May 2024

The push towards research commercialisation at universities has highlighted the importance of intellectual property (IP) policies in fostering innovation and guiding and managing research commercialisation activities. This paper undertakes a content analysis of intellectual property policies of all (37) Australian public universities, focusing on policy objectives, definition of IP, ownership of IP created by different creators, and distribution of net commercialisation revenues. It is found that all universities assert ownership over staff-created IP, particularly when related to employment or utilisation of university resources. For students, policies tend to balance their rights with university interests, with nuanced approaches for different types of student participation, but the focus of most policies was on postgraduate students engaging in research activities. While some policies had clear arrangements for IP created by visitors and affiliates and Indigenous cultural and intellectual property (ICIP), about a quarter of policies did not specify arrangements for these groups. Revenue sharing arrangements vary but generally award something between a third to a half of net revenue to creators, to both acknowledge their contribution and incentivise further innovation. Policies included a broad spectrum of objectives, from protecting and commercialising IP to fostering innovation and societal benefit, reflecting varying strategies across the higher education sector. Policies could benefit from further clarity in certain areas such as the rights of students or other creator groups. Research is needed to assess the effectiveness of these policies and their influence on innovation and commercialisation activities.
Effect of Self-rated Health on Changes in Social Mobility over Time
Authors: Auchynnikaca Alena , Habibov Nazim , Lyu Yunhong , Fan Lida
Published: May 2024

Objective: In this paper, we examine how self-rated health effects contribute to changes in social mobility over time. Methods: Over time changes in perceived social mobility are defined as (1) changes from 4 years ago to the present, and (2) changes from the present to 4 years in the future. A set of instrumental variable regressions is estimated to address the problems of reverse causality, omitted unobserved confounding variables, and measurement error. Results: Findings suggest that higher levels of self-rated health increase upward mobility. A one-unit increase in self-rated health leads to an increase in perceived social mobility from the past to the present by a factor of 0.368. Likewise, a one-unit increase in self-rated health leads to an increase in the expected perceived social mobility by a factor of 0.709. The results are robust for an alternative set of explanatory factors including country-level aggregated characteristics. Conclusions: Policymakers and health administrators should not ignore the effect of poor health as a significant obstacle to mobility. From the research viewpoint, classic single-stage regression models may underestimate the true magnitude of the health effect on over time changes in social mobility. Our findings also contribute to the literature on the Prospect of Upward Mobility (POUM) hypothesis by showing that health status is a strong determinant of upward mobility.
Relocation and reuse of iron architecture in the contemporary period – case studies in Seville and Badajoz (Spain)
Authors: Palomares Alarcón Sheila
Published: May 2024

The dismantling, relocation and reassembly of iron architecture has been a process almost inherent to this type of building since the most complex works were built in the mid-19th century. However, the passing of time and the lack of appreciation for these buildings has meant that fewer and fewer buildings made of this material managed to survive to this day. In this context, two case studies were considered: the old Badajoz food market and the old Círculo de Labradores de Sevilla fair booth, buildings made of iron dismantled and reassembled in a different location. The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to analyse how this relocation took place from a constructive point of view and, on the other hand, to contribute to the discussion on the following issue: are all uses appropriate when it comes to the reuse of industrial architecture?
Iron gall inks and their preservation – case study: 16th century documents in the Archivo Histórico Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Authors: Rodríguez Maciel Ania , Díaz González Elisa
Published: May 2024

Iron gall inks were used for centuries, which is why most institutions keep a multitude of manuscripts with this type of ink. The main problem that affects these artefacts is corrosion due to the ink composition. The main objective of this paper is to define an inspection protocol for documents from the 16th century found in the Archivo Histórico Provincial de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, which can also be applied to similar manuscripts. This protocol involves the inspection of each document with diffuse and transmitted visible light, UV radiation and digital optical microscopy. In addition, a Kodak Gray Scale was used to evaluate the colour depth of the inks. This inspection indicates that a significant proportion of the documents analysed are in condition 3 and 4, meaning in poor and bad condition, which indicates a high level of vulnerability.
„Narušená direkcionalita“ při výuce překladu (na příkladu studijního programu double degree Praha-Lipsko)
Authors: Mračková Vavroušová Petra , Pokojová Jana
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to discuss some of the challenges resulting from the fact that classes in translation taught at the Institute of Translation Studies (Charles University, Prague, Czechia) in its double degree programme offered jointly with Universität Leipzig are attended by students whose mother tongue is not Czech. Drawing on the results of action research conducted in two different translation courses, we describe the challenges that this non-standard situation represents for the teacher, how teaching methods need to be adapted, what implications this distorted directionality has on student assessment, how this combination of students with different mother tongues can enrich translation seminars and their participants, and what benefits it brings to the interaction between teacher and student and between the students themselves.
Protein and mRNA Levels of YKL-40 in High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Kazakova M. H. , Staneva D. N. , Koev I. G. , Staikov D. G. , Mateva N. , Timonov P. T. , Miloshev G. A. , Sarafian Victoria S.
Published: May 2024

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumours, characterized by extreme proliferation and aggressive invasion. There is evidence for over-expression of the YKL40 gene in high-grade gliomas. The high serum levels of the glycoprotein are associated with poor prognosis of various inflammatory and tumour processes. We investigated the YKL40 mRNA level and protein expression in the tumour site and in the serum of high-grade glioma patients. The YKL-40 expression in 36 patients with glial tumours (astrocytoma grade III, glioblastoma) and 33 age-matched healthy persons was measured by gene analysis, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. YKL-40 serum levels in high-grade glioma patients compared to healthy subjects were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05). A wide range of variability in YKL40 mRNA expression was found. YKL-40 staining in situ was more abundant in glioblastoma tissue than in anaplastic astrocytoma, with the lowest level in normal brain tissue. Our gene analysis revealed that in general, YKL40 mRNA in glioma patients was over-expressed versus normal brain. A significant correlation between YKL40 transcript and protein levels was observed (P ≤ 0.05). It could be speculated that the YKL-40 protein might contribute to glioblastomas’ specific biological characteristics that distinguish them from grade III gliomas. A complex investigation of YKL40 expression was performed at the molecular and cellular levels in human high-grade gliomas. Serum YKL-40 concentrations increased with tumour grade and correlated positively with transcript rate, being the highest in glioblastoma. We provide evidence for a relationship between YKL40 expression and the malignancy of glial tumours.