bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Rainfall and Area–Time Integrals at the Transition from an Arid to an Equatorial Climate
Authors: Kebe Cheikh Mouhamed Fadel , Sauvageot Henri , Nzeukou Armand
Published: October 2005

The area–time integral (ATI) method has previously been successfully used to estimate the area-averaged rain-rate distribution and the rainfall volume over an area from radar or from satellite infrared (IR) data. In most cases, the method was implemented over regions or test areas with an assumed homogeneous climatic character, that is, without a strong spatial variation of the rain regime throughout the test area. In the present paper, the behavior of the ATI method is discussed for a test area displaying two strong gradients of the cumulative annual rainfall: one meridional, at the transition between regions having, respectively, a desertic and an equatorial climate and the other zonal, at the transition between land and sea. The studied area is divided into four subtest areas (north, south, land, and sea) over which the ATI computation is applied separately. The linear coefficient relating the radar-observed area-averaged rain rate and the fractional area where the rain is higher than a threshold calculated over the four subtest areas is found to be almost constant, in agreement with the ergodic character of the rain-rate distribution observed in this region. Similarly, the linear coefficient relating the rain volume over the subtest areas to the IR satellite-derived ATI, a parameter analogous to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Precipitation Index (GPI), is found to be very steady, with a mean value of 3.02 mm h−1 and a coefficient of variation of only 8%. These coefficients, as well as the underlying dynamic and microphysical processes, do not seem significantly influenced by the climatic character, even at a short space scale, in the studied area. The ratio of radar rain areas to cloud areas is, notably, almost constant. For a brightness temperature of 235 K, the ratio of the cloud area to rain area is around 1.68.
Anatomy and Decadal Evolution of the Pacific Subtropical–Tropical Cells (STCs)*
Authors: Capotondi Antonietta , Alexander Michael A. , Deser Clara , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: October 2005

The output from an ocean general circulation model driven by observed surface forcing (1958–97) is used to examine the evolution and relative timing of the different branches of the Pacific Subtropical–Tropical Cells (STCs) at both interannual and decadal time scales, with emphasis on the 1976–77 climate shift. The STCs consist of equatorward pycnocline transports in the ocean interior and in the western boundary current, equatorial upwelling, and poleward flow in the surface Ekman layer. The interior pycnocline transports exhibit a decreasing trend after the mid-1970s, in agreement with observational transport estimates, and are largely anticorrelated with both the Ekman transports and the boundary current transports at the same latitudes. The boundary current changes tend to compensate for the interior changes at both interannual and decadal time scales. The meridional transport convergence across 9°S and 9°N as well as the equatorial upwelling are strongly correlated with the changes in sea surface temperature (SST) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. However, meridional transport variations do not occur simultaneously at each longitude, so that to understand the phase relationship between transport and SST variations it is important to consider the baroclinic ocean adjustment through westward-propagating Rossby waves. The anticorrelation between boundary current changes and interior transport changes can also be understood in terms of the baroclinic adjustment process. In this simulation, the pycnocline transport variations appear to be primarily confined within the Tropics, with maxima around 10°S and 13°N, and related to the local wind forcing; a somewhat different perspective from previous studies that have emphasized the role of wind variations in the subtropics.
Online Counseling
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E.
Published: October 2005

Mallen, Vogel, and colleagues explore the developing field of online counseling from the unique perspective of counseling psychology. They examine the body of available research and relevant clinical, ethical, legal, and practical issues and make recommendations for counseling psychologists who desire to participate in online counseling. This article provides a critique of their contributions, finds support for much of what they present, offers additional suggestions for counseling psychologists, and makes recommendations for counseling psychology to resolve challenges that at present, limit online counseling’s value, effectiveness, and impact. The author makes recommendations for practical research that studies the actual online-counseling process, establishing additional standards, more effectively disseminating information, enhancing training, expanding access through innovative programs, and increasing advocacy efforts.
Online Counseling
Authors: Mallen Michael J. , Vogel David L.
Published: October 2005

The rejoinder responds to the four reactions by Jeffrey Barnett, Tai Chang, Delida Sanchez-Page, and Franz Caspar and Thomas Berger in the November 2005issue of The Counseling Psychologist. In doing so, the authors emphasize the important need for further clarity regarding the effectiveness of online mental and behavioral health services in delivering a wide range of psychoeducation, self-help, and mutual-help facilities as well as direct counseling. The authors also highlight many of the reactants’ important insights, including the comments on the appropriateness of online mental and behavioral health services for the underserved and whether online counseling should be used as a primary or secondary tool in counseling.
Early Nile Valley Farmers From El-Badari
Authors: Keita S. O. Y.
Published: October 2005

Male Badarian crania were analyzed using the generalized distance of Mahalanobis in a comparative analysis with other African and European series from the Howells’s database. The study was carried out to examine the affinities of the Badarians to evaluate, in preliminary fashion, a demic diffusion hypothesis that postulates that horticulture and the Afro-Asiatic language family were brought ultimately from southern Europe. (The assumption was made that the southern Europeans would be more similar to the central and northern Europeans than to any indigenous African populations.) The Badarians show a greater affinity to indigenous Africans while not being identical. This suggests that the Badarians were more affiliated with local and an indigenous African population than with Europeans. It is more likely that Near Eastern/southern European domesticated animals and plants were adopted by indigenous Nile Valley people without a major immigration of non-Africans. There was more of cultural transfer.
Postmodernist Diversions in African American Thought
Authors: Harris Daryl B.
Published: October 2005

This article critically examines the postmodern Blackness phenomenon that seeks primacy in African American thought. Using an Afrocentric analytical approach centered on the axis of culture and history of African Americans, I argue that the postmodern Blackness phenomenon is an unfortunate and precarious turn away from relevance. In its disapproving attitude and stance on cultural identity and consciousness, the quintessential issues in political belonging and politics, postmodern Blackness behaves as an impediment in the African American quest for freedom. Among the political hazards wrought by postmodern Blackness are (a) incessant disunity among African descended peoples and (b) dependency on political actors external to the African American community who are well organized and purposeful in pursuit of their own interests. This analysis also explains that at its core, postmodernism is yet another way of expressing the individualistic ethos of the European worldview.
The Intellectual Creativity and Public Discourse of Malcolm X
Authors: Smallwood Andrew P.
Published: October 2005

This article seeks to explore the education and public dialogue of MalcolmX, a major African American leadership figure of the 1950s and 1960s. It is the author’s intent to explore an aspect of Malcolm X’s leadership not addressed in much of the current literature, his educational attainment leading to his role as the intellectual and pedagogical antecedent to the modern Black studies movement of the 1960s. This article examines his educational and intellectual development, his role as a public activist and debater, and his contribution to curricular reform in his public rhetoric. In a review of the current literature on Malcolm X and adult education, there is evident congruence of the two areas, offering new insight into the contributions and legacy of a significant historical figure for African Americans. Malcolm X associate A. Peter Bailey has referred to him as a “master teacher” whose contributions go beyond the conventional Black leadership.
Manifestations of Nommo in Def Poetry
Authors: Walker Felicia R. , Kuykendall Viece
Published: October 2005

Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetryis a cable phenomenon bringing the art of performance poetry into the homes of millions of television viewers. Performance poetry is present for a new generation to appreciate. This research focuses on how the African oral element of nommo is present in Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry. This research seeks to uncover how the concept of nommo is manifested in Def Poetryand how the use of nommo becomes an effective element in this genre. Using an Afrocentric rhetorical analysis, the characteristics of nommo studied were rhythm, soundin’ out, repetition, stylin’, lyrical quality, improvisation, historical perspective, indirection, call and response, and mythication.
The Comprehensive Race Socialization Inventory
Authors: Lesane-Brown Chase L. , Brown Tony N. , Caldwell Cleopatra H. , Sellers Robert M.
Published: October 2005

This pilot study introduces the comprehensive race socialization inventory (CRSI), an amalgam and extension of existing inventories that systematically captures the race socialization process within Black families. Using survey data collected in 2000 and 2001 from a convenience sample of Black adolescents ( n= 18) and a random sample of Black college students ( n= 225), the authors compare data yielded from the CRSI with data yielded from existing inventories of race socialization. The authors find that CRSI components such as (a) onset and recency, (b) the most useful message, (c) multiple sources, (d) anticipatory socialization messages, and (e) socializing behaviors are absent from existing race socialization inventories. Because the CRSI captures these critical components of the race socialization process, the authors argue that it is an improvement over existing inventories. The authors report measures of central tendency and dispersion to demonstrate the utility of the CRSI and also discuss its reliability and validity.
Listening to Anthony
Authors: Hermann-Wilmarth Jill M.
Published: October 2005

In this article, the author describes the liberatory and critical classroom she tried to create with preservice teachers. She reflects on how the perceptions of her teaching and of her class by one student led him to feel silenced inside the classroom but liberated to express his views of the community in e-mail dialogues. Anthony’s actions in class—failing to come prepared to class, coming late to class, making derogatory statements toward other students—which disrupted the feelings of safety and community for many class members, contrasted starkly with the well-articulated expressions of oppression written in his e-mail. The article includes some of their written dialogue, which led to a self-study of the author’s teaching practices and the boundaries of safety that she attempted to establish. In listening to Anthony’s voice, the author discovered the need for shared risk taking, constant reflection, and open dialogue with her students.
The Crumbling Pedestal
Authors: Gordon June A.
Published: October 2005

Teachers in Japan are no longer are held in high esteem simply because of their position in the Confucian hierarchy of status and authority. Gone is the time when the word of the sensei would bring silence and order to a classroom. Ironically, the fruits of a postwar first-world nation—increased parental education, material affluence, and a liberalization of educational practices—have placed teachers in a precarious position. This research is based on 113 formal interviews with 69 teachers and 44 parents in 10 cities between 1996 and 2001. Consultations with 22 Japanese scholars and activists during the same span of time also assisted in deepening the understanding of the complex changes taking place in Japanese society. The results are discussed within this fluctuating economic, political, and cultural climate while attending to the variation in responsibilities and attitudes across levels of schooling.
Beyond Stereotypes
Authors: Pandey Sanjay K. , Welch Eric W.
Published: October 2005

Red tape is a significant management challenge, and this article seeks to understand how some managers are able to better cope with it. The authors find that managers with positive work attitudes cope better with personnel constraints as compared to those who have less positive work attitudes. The findings cast doubt on stereotypes depicting public managers as being engaged in aggressive red tape production or slothful permitting of red tape. The authors conclude by suggesting that future research should steer away from relegating study of red tape to the realm of negative stereotypes. Instead, managerial and organizational responses to red tape should be studied as part of the normal.
The Role of Trust in the Modern Administrative State
Authors: Kim Seok-Eun
Published: October 2005

There is a growing consensus that trust may resolve an enduring tension between political accountability and managerial flexibility in the modern administrative state. This complex issue is dealt with by the development of a model of public trust in government. Theoretical foundations are drawn froma wide range of social science literature in conceptualizing trust, identifying factors affecting the trustworthiness of government, and exploring behavioral implications for effective governance. An empirical test of the present model remains for future research. However, the model suggests that a trustworthy government requires both accountability and flexibility of administration and that trust would serve as a key variable in reconciling this tension by expanding citizens’willingness to accept government authority.
Academic Achievement Among African American Adolescents: Direct and Indirect Effects of Demographic, Individual, and Contextual Variables
Authors: Zand Debra H. , Thomson Nicole Renick
Published: October 2005

A path model examining the direct and indirect effects of demographic, individual, and contextual variables on the academic achievement of 174 African American adolescents was assessed. Results indicated that participant sex indirectly impacted participants' sense of self-worth through their perceptions of themselves as possessing leadership or independence qualities. Whether adolescents felt good about themselves (global self-worth) was a direct outcome of their perceptions of their leadership or independence qualities. In turn, participants with higher levels of self-worth were more likely to be bonded to their school, and those who felt more bonded to their schools reported higher school grades. Study findings are discussed within the context of helping educators to better meet these students' educational needs.
IT and Senior Citizens: Using the Internet for Empowering Active Citizenship
Authors: Fuglsang Lars
Published: October 2005

This article seeks to explore how a social learning environment can be constructed that uses IT and the Internet. Based on interviews and observations made during two experiments concerning IT and senior citizens in Denmark, the article examines how these experiments make the link between senior citizens and the Internet. In particular, the cases show how IT, as it is used in the social experiments, can be applied to construct empowerment properties and thereby enable “active citizenship” for seniors.
From “Endless Frontier” to “Basic Science for Use”: Social Contracts between Science and Society
Authors: Slaughter Sheila , Rhoades Gary
Published: October 2005

This article analyzes the National Science Study produced by the Republican-dominated U.S. Congress in the mid-1990s to see if the priorities of S&T policy were changing, if state agencies were being reorganized to achieve new priorities, and if universities were expected to work closely with industry in reconfigured agencies. Also analyzed was the economic composition of board members of eight S&T policy organizations that informed the National Science Study. It was found that, generally, Republican policy supported both basic science and civilian technology policy but did not advocate reorganization of state administration of S&T. However, a number of the S&T policy groups pushed for the establishment of a separate mission agency for civilian technology. This suggests that conceptualization of a unitary social contract between science and society or iterated principal-agent relations expressing the interaction of science and society are insufficient because there may be multiple social contracts and many principals and agents.
Taming Unruly Science and Saving National Competitiveness: Discourses on Science by Sweden’s Strategic Research Bodies
Authors: Hellström Tomas , Jacob Merle
Published: October 2005

Promoting collaboration between university researchers and practitioners from the business and public sectors has emerged as an important tool of science policy. This article examines the discourses that policy makers employ in promoting this strategy by analyzing the narratives about the social relevance of science and its role vis-à-vis the industrial sector in the context of strategic research funding in Sweden. Four dominant discourses on science are identified and discussed. It is argued that these policy frames construct a boundary between research and practice, which is in turn used as rhetorical justification for research funding policies that seek to increase business influence and input to university research at the expense of academic autonomy in this sphere.
Job Stress Among Hispanic Professionals
Authors: Rodriguez-Calcagno Maria , Brewer Ernest W.
Published: October 2005

This study explores job stress among a random sample of 219 Hispanic professionals. Participants complete the Job Stress Survey by Spielberger and Vagg and a demographic questionnaire. Responses are analyzedusing descriptive statistics, a factorial analysis of variance, and coefficients of determination. Results indicate that Hispanic professionals participating in this study experience higher levels of job stress than do individuals in a normative group. Furthermore, female participants report significantly higher levels of job stress than male participants do. Lack of organizational support contributes more to the variability of job stress among participants than job pressure does. Results from this study add to the body of knowledge on job stress and to the body of knowledge on work-related outcomes for Hispanic employees.
College Orientation Profiles of Latino Students From Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds: A Cluster Analytic Approach
Authors: Phinney Jean S. , Dennis Jessica M. , Gutierrez Delia M.
Published: October 2005

This study used cluster analysis to identify college orientation profiles of 115 Latino college freshmen from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds and examined the relationship of profiles to adjustment and academic outcomes. Participants were surveyed on personal and cultural types of motivation and college degree goals, degree confidence, and college self-efficacy. College GPA was collected from school records. Three distinct and valid profiles were identified: a family and personally oriented group, a group committed to college, and a default group. The groups differed on college self-efficacy and degree confidence, which may influence future academic progress, but did not differ on GPA. The results suggest alternative approaches to college among Latino college students.
The Reliability and Validity of the Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bauman Sheri
Published: October 2005

This study investigated the reliability and validity of the Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II (ARSMA-II) using two samples of Mexican American children: 292 middle school students from a mid-sized culturally diverse southwestern city, and 116 third-through fifth graders in culturally homogeneous rural elementary schools. Results provided evidence of the reliability and validity of this measure of acculturation for both age levels. Factor analysis supported the two-scale structure reported by Cuéllar. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was adequate for both samples. Validity was demonstrated by the significant association between the distribution of acculturation status and sample group. Language of form (English or Spanish) selected by the student was correlated with acculturation status.
The Impact of Not on Tobacco on Teen Smoking Cessation
Authors: Horn Kimberly , Dino Geri , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Mody Reema
Published: October 2005

This review summarizes end-of-program quit rates from 6 controlled and 10 field-based Not on Tobacco (NOT) evaluations. Approximately 6,130 youth from 5 states and 489 schools participated. Intent-to-treat and compliant quit rates were calculated at 3 months postbaseline (end-of-program). Results from controlled evaluations revealed an aggregate quit rate of 15% and 19%, respectively. The field-based evaluations revealed an aggregate quit rate of 27% and 31%, respectively. NOT youth were two times more likely to quit than comparison youth (OR = 1.94; p = .002; 95% CI 1.267-2.966). This is the first multiyear, multisite review of a teen smoking cessation program reported in the literature and the first longitudinal review of NOT. NOT participants showed consistent, significant positive smoking behavior change across evaluations.
Parents' Perceptions of Changes in Mother-Child and Father-Child Relationships During Adolescence
Authors: Shearer Cindy L. , Crouter Ann C. , McHale Susan M.
Published: October 2005

Little research has examined parents'experiences of their children's transition to adolescence. The authors studied a sample of 170 mothers' and 159 fathers' open-ended descriptions of their experiences and investigated the role of prior relationship quality in predicting the nature of parents' experiences. Changes in the personal qualities of children, general closeness in the parent-adolescent relationship, and communication emerged as features of relationship change most salient to parents. Changes in parentchild acceptance and conflict during 4 years of adolescence were linked with mothers', but not fathers', positive and negative reactions to relationship change.
Work, Postsecondary Education, and Psychosocial Functioning Following the Transition From High School
Authors: Aseltine Robert H. , Gore Susan
Published: October 2005

Through a two-wave panel study of emerging adults, the authors examine how living situation, work and school roles, and experiences in those roles affect psychosocial functioning following the transition from high school. Enrollment in college programs and fulltime work are associated with lower levels of depressed mood and more positive quality of life. Disruptions in work roles (getting fired, an unwanted period of unemployment) are linked to higher levels of depressed mood, heavy episodic drinking, and poorer quality of life; the negative effects of disruptions in postsecondary schooling are confined to heavy episodic drinking. Open-ended data support the view that ongoing responsibilities are important for emerging adults'sense of progress toward adulthood. Findings linking heavy episodic drinking to problems in role functioning inform recent debates concerning the developmental import of alcohol use, suggesting that heavy drinking is not developmentally harmless.
Fool’s Gold in the Nation’s Data-Mining Programs
Authors: Brasch Walter M.
Published: October 2005

Under the USA PATRIOT Act, the government has a wide range of options to use in what has been labeled as the “War Against Terror.” Among those options is the use of data-mining programs. More than 50 federal departments and agencies are now using about 200 data-mining programs, many developed or expanded following 9/11. The federal government claims it uses the databases to help identify and track terrorists, that the programs are necessary and critical to that purpose. However, there are significant and substantial issues about invasion of privacy, violation of the constitutional rights, accuracy, and even the value and effectiveness of such programs.
Less Safe—The Dismantling of Public Information Systems After 9/11
Authors: Hammitt Harry
Published: October 2005

Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, there has been a tightening of public access. In response to perceived security threats, government agencies have taken information down from web sites, curtailed or restricted access to electronic sources of information, broadened the interpretation of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) exemptions, created or augmented new categories of restricted information, and prohibited public access for critical infrastructure information. These policy responses have been based on the perceived security threat and an inhospitable attitude toward open government on the part of the Bush administration.
Security, Sovereignty and Continental Interoperability
Authors: Roy Jeffrey
Published: October 2005

In an era of digital government, citizen-centric governance is a central aim—one that is often predicated on more efficient and responsive service owed through digital connectivity. Antiterrorism efforts accentuate this focus, albeit with a very different set of aims. Governments have been quick to establish new antiterrorism and homeland security measures that create new and expanded capacities for gathering, analyzing, and sharing information. In doing so, tensions have arisen with respect to the appropriate scope of governmental action, and the proper mix of secrecy and transparency. Such tensions also extend beyond borders, as North American governance faces new and rising pressures to adapt to a post–September 11, 2001, nexus of security, technology, and democracy. This article argues that the culture of secrecy already prevalent within security authorities is being extended to continentally under the guise of interoperability without sufficient effort to ensure openness and public accountability within and between countries.
Expanding Privacy Rationales Under the Federal Freedom of Information Act
Authors: Davis Charles N.
Published: October 2005

Access to government information in a post–September 11, 2001 environment often involves the resolution of conflicts between privacy rights and the public interest inherent in information flow. On one hand, information about any individual investigated by the government, or merely landing in an investigative file, might very well invade the privacy of the detainees by unduly stigmatizing them. In fact, such reasoning reflects a line of argumentation central to the federal government’s justification for denial of access: privacy interests, particularly the risk of stigmatization. This article reviews the origins and expansion of stigmatization as grounds for protection of information under the Freedom of Information Act. Examination of several key post–Reporters Committee cases decided by the federal courts illustrates the scope of the problem, as stigmatization has gained a great deal of legal traction in recent years.
Technology Trends in Survey Data Collection
Authors: Couper Mick P.
Published: October 2005

This article reviews recent and emerging technology developments in survey research. Recent developments include computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) methods using audio and/or video, automated telephone interviewing systems (interactive voice response), and the World Wide Web. These developments are already having a profound effect on survey data collection. Newer technological challenges include wireless applications (mobile web) and portable digital devices. These technologies offer many opportunities to expand the way we think of survey data collection, increasing the ways we can interact with survey respondents and expanding the range of stimulus material that can be used. The implications of many of these new developments for survey data quality are yet to be fully understood. This article reviews the state of the field with regard to emerging data collection technologies, and their implications for survey research.
Follow the Money
Authors: Panagopoulos Costas
Published: October 2005

Expanding the principles of the universal provision of telecommunications services to encompass elementary and secondary schools and libraries, lawmakers paved the way for the creation of the E-Rate program by passing the Telecommunications Act in 1996. The E-Rate program aims to bridge the digital divide in advanced telecommunications by offering services to eligible schools and libraries for educational purposes at discounted rates. Currently in its sixth cycle, the E-Rate program has provided nearly US$13 billion in discounts to eligible organizations. The program has inspired much controversy and criticism, yet studies provide evidence that the program is effectively helping to enhance the provision of services to traditionally disadvantaged communities. This study challenges these claims and presents empirical evidence that suggests E-Rate resources are not systematically allocated to underprivileged, rural states where funds would most effectively help to bridge the digital gap in access to telecommunications technologies.
Ancient Wisdom for a Knowledge Society
Authors: Sheth N.R.
Published: October 2005

The continuing explosion of knowledge in science and technology has ethical and environmental implications that have raised many questions of dignified human survival and growth. The reflections presented here build upon a perceived need for a balance between knowledge and wisdom to ensure a meaningful social survival in an utterly diversified universe. We, the people, can live in dignity only by granting dignity to one another. We should also remember that we are a tiny fraction of the population of claimants to power and recognition. The wisdom to guide us through these obligations lies in many sources, past and present, across the world. One such source, enervating and everlasting, consists of the practical and intuitive wisdom borne by the Indian upanishadic literature. A personal view on this literature is offered to illustrate its vitality and value for life and work in today's knowledge society.
Imitation, Incremental Innovation and Climb Down
Authors: Vyas Vijay
Published: October 2005

Productivity, profit and growth of an enterprise are closely linked to its ability to innovate successfully. Imitation is believed to be an inferior and ‘non–entrepreneurial’ act. The accelerating technological change, however, has made innovation increasingly difficult for small and nascent business. The large corporations are using the raised costs and complexities of technical change to snuff out entrepreneurial aspirations of new ventures. Notwithstanding the high profile success of a few start–ups’ innovative confrontations with mature business, a large number of ordinary entrepreneurs are losing in this battle of the unequal. The very spirit of entrepreneurship embodied in ever sprouting small and nascent enterprises is endangered by this trend. To counter it, a strategy of imitation facilitated entry and subsequent consolidation through incremental innovation, targeted at the lower part of the value chain, is proposed here.
Values Priority and Human Rights Policy
Authors: Xiao Hong
Published: October 2005

At the centre of controversy over human rights policy in China is the disagreement on the relationship between two sets of human rights: civil and political rights on the one hand, and social and economic rights on the other. Much of the debate, however, has been undertaken on theoretical and normative levels. Empirical evidence is needed to advance this debate. Drawing data from a multination survey, this research explores whether Chinese and Westerners differ in their human rights policy preferences. The findings suggest that while social and economic rights have a much broader support base in China than in Western nations, political and civil rights are also important concerns to the Chinese public. Sources and implications of the findings are also discussed.
Value Orientations of HRD Professionals in India*
Authors: Mehta Madhavi
Published: October 2005

Just as values are like beacons for an individual, so they are for a profession, especially for HRD—a value–based management profession. Given the sweeping changes taking place in the business environment, it is plausible that the value orientation of HRD professionals have also changed. In an attempt to understand this, the study being presented here identified 11 value orientations, with ethico–moral, customer and quality orientations the three top ranking value orientations of HRD professionals. The study also discusses respondents’ rating of their organization on the encouragement provided to employees in their job to practice the values they consider as the ones guiding their professional life. It concludes that though: (a) professionals still value strong humanistically–oriented values, business–oriented values seem to have taken priority over the same; (b) organizations encourage practice of all the 11 value orientations, they have come a long way from the traditional welfare approach or paternalistic attitude.
A Brief History of History
Authors: Sharma Subhash
Published: October 2005

Taking a managerial perspective, this article presents some models of history with a view to draw lessons for leadership and management of organizations and institutions. The suggested models include: evolution of human thought in terms of religions, science and spirituality and their convergence; transitions in society from kingdom–state to nation–state to corporates as state and beyond; creativity view of history; dignity struggle and liberation view of history; ‘fall of the fittest’ view of history; and the swastika analysis of history. The article explores the implications of these models for providing enlightened leadership to organizations and society by creating synergy between influences from the West and the East.
Organizational Development
Authors: Srinivasan M.S.
Published: October 2005

The term ‘organizational development’ is defined in management textbooks as a ‘collection of planned change interventions built on democratic–humanistic values that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and well–being’. But we use the term in a simpler and broader sense as the evolution and development of an organization towards its highest potential. In this article we present the broad outlines of a strategic vision of organizational development based on the aims and principles of yoga. The word ‘yoga’ has now become well known all over the world. But the popular conceptions of yoga conjure up images of a hatha–yogi standing upside down or a hermit in the Himalayas. The deeper psychological and pragmatic significance of yoga is not fully understood. ‘Yoga,’ says Sri Aurobindo, ‘is nothing but practical psychology’ (Sri Aurobindo 1972b: 39). It contributes to the psychological and spiritual development of the human organism. Yoga is the scientific, psychological process or discipline by which the inner development of the human being is triggered and can be accelerated.
Modernisation of Sri Lanka's Traditional Irrigation Systems and Sustainability*
Authors: Zubair Lareef
Published: October 2005

Arnold Toynbee described the ancient irrigation system of Sri Lanka as an amazing system of irrigated agriculture, which developed over a millennium. It was partially transformed during its encounter with British colonialism with new values, technological systems, administrative structures and a legal code. After the independence in 1948, this transformation continued with foreign aid and technical expertise from the West.

The shortcomings of modern irrigation systems with respect to planning, policy and sustainability are now recognised (WCDD 2000). Here, it is argued that the indigenous irrigation systems in Sri Lanka offer a useful counterpoint of one that has been sustained and had many favourable attributes. There are lessons to be learnt from contrasting different modes of irrigation practice in the light of sustainability.
A Critique of China's Utilitarian View of Science and Technology
Authors: Shen Xiaobai , Williams Robn
Published: October 2005

Technology studies in the West, including the specific case explored here of the ‘social shaping of technology’ (SST) perspective, has been patterned by the particular historical circumstances in which it emerged, in terms of both contemporary political concerns about the socio–economic implications of technological change, and the respective strengths and traditions of the various academic disciplines that contributed to this new field. This article points to the fundamental weaknesses in China's approach to technology development—the ‘utilitarian’ view of technology. Three key manifestations are that: (a) technology has been treated as merely a ‘tool’, detached from its social and political context; (b) technology is treated as a finished solution, diverting attention from the necessary processes of technological learning from advanced economies; and (c) a narrow focus is adopted of technical specialism in science and engineering at the expense of social, policy and managerial expertise, often associated with an elitist approach to technology development.
Stochastic Volatility and Option Pricing in the Brazilian Stock Marke
Authors: Rodrigues de Almeida Caio Ibsen , Dana Samy
Published: October 2005

The stochastic volatility model (SVPS) proposed by Fouque et al. (2000a) explores a rapid timescale fluctuation of the volatility process to end up with a parsimonious way of capturing the volatility smile implied by close to the money options. In this article we test the SVFPS model using options from a Brazilian telecommunications stock. First, we find evidence of fast mean reversion in the volatility process. In addition, to test the model's ability to price options not so close to the money, we extend its statistical estimators to consider, in the calibration process, a wider region for the options moneyness. As an illustration, we price an exotic option.
Dubai Internet City
Authors: Horovitz Jacques , Ohlsson Anne–Valérie
Published: October 2005

Dubai Internet City (DIC) was inaugurated in October 2000. Although it carried the name Internet, the free zone was designed as a hub for all information and communications technology companies (ICT). While the original plan focused primarily on real estate, the shift to an innovative, one–stop approach was almost immediate. As a result DIC offered its clients not only office space, but handled visas, incorporation, travel bookings, work permits, etc. To further support clients, DIC set up a state–of–the–art telecommunications company. This was the first in a series of businesses which DIC would launch to serve customers and then spin–off as stand–alone entities. The park's objective was to help companies do business in the area while making it as easy as possible to operate out of Dubai. The fact that the park operated inside a free zone meant that it could offer clients attractive deals such as 100 per cent foreign ownership, no tax, or 100 per cent repatriation of capital. The large concentration of companies working out of a single location (600 by 2004) would also create networking opportunities, which the company further supported through organized events. By 2004, the company had reached the objectives it had set itself for 2007, and began looking at different options: internationalizing by either building, operating or advising on similar parks abroad, or capturing other parts of the value chain (manufacturing, outsourcing, etc.). **EFMD European Case Writing Competition Category Winner 2004**
Ayesha Woollen
Authors: Rana Arif Iqbal , Muzaffar Nauman
Published: October 2005

This case is about Nauman who has recently completed his MBA, and joined his father's woollen yarn manufacturing company. The young MBA believes that it would be profitable for the company to venture into the production of 48–count yarn. However, his father is not convinced of his son's understanding of the shop–floor. Nauman is eager to prove that he is right, but this would require a detailed process analysis of the spinning operations. This is complicated by the fact that the capacities for different operations change with the product.
Now Everyone Can Fly
Authors: Ricart Joan Enric , Wang Daxue
Published: October 2005

The case details how AirAsia, a Malaysian airline, was transformed into a successful low–cost airline through its well–defined business model. The emergence of low–cost airlines in Asia led to increasingly intense competition in the industry. By forming joint ventures across Asia, AirAsia is trying to gain advantages with its Pan–Asia plan. With such a plan, the low–cost carrier would obviously face the risk of over–expansion. This case study explores AirAsia's business model, competitive advantages, and expansion strategy.
Palliative and End-of-Life Care in the Serious and Persistently Mentally Ill Population
Authors: Baker Angela
Published: October 2005

Palliative and end-of-life care have become topics of considerable interest over the past decade. However, caring for the seriously mentally ill dying population is an area within the palliative care field that is consistently overlooked. This article explores the limited literature regarding persons with serious and persistent mental illness and end-of-life and palliative care. It examines existing barriers to palliative and end-of-life care and offers solutions. Finally, a unique opportunity for mental health nurses, particularly the nurse practitioner in psychiatry, to fill the need of helping this group of individuals to experience a “good death” is discussed.
Rivastigmine: An Open-Label Observational Study of Behavioral Symptoms Identified as Most Troubling by Caregivers of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lilly Mary LuAnne , Farlow Martin R.
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND . Behavioral problems exhibited by persons with Alzheimer’s disease are distressing for caregivers and are associated with a number of negative outcomes, including increased risk of long-term care placement. Studies of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy for up to 1 year document modest improvements in behavioral symptoms and functional status. OBJECTIVE . The long-term effects of rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on behavioral symptoms and functional status in a sample of patients with Alzheimer’s disease were examined. DESIGN . This is an observational study of behavioral data reported by care-givers for 32 initially mild to moderate Alzheimer’s patients participating in an open-label extension of a prospective, randomized study of rivastigmine as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. RESULTS . Patients followed in the open-label phase of this trial experienced a decline in behavioral symptoms in general and a decline in symptoms identified as most troubling by the caregiver. CONCLUSION . This study supports the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors, such as rivastigmine, in the long-term management of behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients.
Self-Efficacy and Social Adjustment of Patients With Mood Disorder
Authors: Cutler Carol G.
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND. Social adjustment is often a problem for patients with both bipolar disorder and major depression, particularly after hospital discharge, often contributing to relapse. Bandura (1982) described self-efficacy as addressing the interaction of cognitive, behavioral, and social characteristics that influence health behavior. OBJECTIVE . This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy and social adjustment after hospitalization for patients with a mood disorder. STUDY DESIGN . A descriptive, correlational study with predictive components was conducted. RESULTS . Self-efficacy explained 17% of the variance in social adjustment at the time of discharge and 49% of the variance 2 months posthospitalization in patients with mood disorder. CONCLUSIONS . Self-efficacy influenced social adjustment, particularly after hospital discharge, in this sample of 45 patients treated for mood disorder. Self-efficacy is important for individual’s integration in social networks and role functioning and contributes to community adjustment for those with mood disorder.
Pediatric Behavioral Health in Primary Care: A Collaborative Approach
Authors: Campo John V. , Shafer Sheree , Strohm Jennifer , Lucas Amanda , Cassesse Christine Gelacek , Shaeffer David , Altman Harold
Published: October 2005

Pediatric primary care offers an opportunity to not only identify children and adolescents with psychosocial problems but also assess and treat their mental health issues. In this article, a program in which primary care clinicians and mental health professionals partner to provide mental health services within the context of a primary care environment is discussed. The program model as well as the roles of the health care providers involved in this collaborative service are described.
Democratic Consequences of Hostile Media Perceptions
Authors: Tsfati Yariv , Cohen Jonathan
Published: October 2005

In this article, the authors examine the consequences of the hostile-media phenomenon and advance the argument that people's perceptions of hostile coverage shape their trust in mainstream media institutions.Media trust in turn affects trust in democracy and willingness to accept democratic decisions. These ideas are tested on a sample of Jewish Settlers in the Gaza Strip,in theweeks before a Likud Party vote on Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's plan to pull out of the Gaza Strip and evacuate settlers from their homes. Findings show that hostile media perceptions were negatively related to settlers' trust in media and that trust in media was positively related to trust in democracy, which, in turn, affected settlers' intentions to forcefully resist Sharon's evacuation plan. No direct association was found between hostile media perceptions and intentions to forcefully resist evacuation.
Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words?
Authors: Barrett Andrew W. , Barrington Lowell W.
Published: October 2005

Recent evidence indicates that political coverage in newspapers varies from outlet to outlet in correlation with the political atmosphere of those papers.Visual images from photographs of political candidates published in these newspapers are no exception. Although previous works have examined the importance of visual images on observer evaluations, little work has been done to assess whether differing newspaper photographs of a political candidate can actually shape how potential voters view that candidate. We address this gap in the extant literature through an experiment designed to assess the potential influence of candidate photographs on voter perceptions when partisanship is not available as a heuristic device.The results of our study indicate that newspaper photographs can shape how voters evaluate a candidate's personal traits, their general impression of that candidate,and their decision whether to vote for that candidate.We also found thatwomen and men are affected differently by photographs, with the former influenced more by a positive picture and the latter triggered by a negative one.