bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leadership Roles and Management Practices of Educational Managers and Their Relationships to Teachers’ and Students’ Performance
Authors: Oducado Teresita
Published: July 2019

A descriptive-correlational research was conducted to determine the extent educational managers in the four state universities in Panay Island portrayed their leadership roles and management practices and its relationship to teachers’ and students’ performance.
Ninety three respondents were classified according to highest educational attainment, position occupied, and length of experience. Questionnaire was used to gather data and Performance Evaluation System (PES) of teachers and passing percentage in Board Examination for students’ performance.
Results were interpreted at 5% level of significance using One-Way Analysis of Variance and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Descriptive data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and standard deviation.
Results showed that majority were doctorate degree holders, first-line managers, and serve their positions for less than ten years. Leadership roles and management practices were rated “to a very large extent.” Only management practices in physical facilities development performed “to a large extent” were although when taken as a whole in the five years of concern were performed they “to a very large extent.”
Teachers’ performance mostly rated Outstanding and a lesser number was rated Very Satisfactory. The passing percentage above the national passing set was by the Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC).
Leadership roles significantly affect teachers’ performance and only leadership and human resource development were related to teachers’ performance. Leadership roles and management practices were not related to students’ performance except in physical facilities development. Only educational attainment was found significantly correlated to teachers’ performance but not to students’ performance.
Research Note: Vege-Fish Noodle: Its Quality and Acceptability
Authors: Lauzon Roberta , Camooying Obdulia , Petronio Naomi
Published: July 2019

Three levels (1, 5 and 10%) of fish bone powder and (25, 37.5 and 50%) squash paste were used in the production of vege-fish noodle. Expansion ratio, bulk density, oil absorption, and percent yield were determined. Sensory attributes were evaluated employing Quality Scoring in combination with the 9-Point Hedonic scale. Proximate composition of the most acceptable formulation was analyzed. Consumer evaluation of there commended formulation was assessed and the cost of production was determined.
Levels of fish-bone powder and squash paste have no significant effect on the physical qualities of noodles except percent yield. Sensory attributes of vege-fish noodles were significantly influenced by the incorporation of fish bone powder and squash paste except taste of the product. General acceptability is significantly higher in treatment with highest level of both fish bone powder and squash paste.
The proximate composition of vege-fish noodle is higher than its commercial counterpart except ash. The calcium content of the product is 1,918.08 mg/kg. The vege-fish noodle is acceptable among 70.80% of the consumers. The cost of production is lower with the break-even price of P28.70/350 grams.
Distribution of Virus Symptoms and Viruses Infecting Field-Grown Cucurbit Crops Under Natural Tropical Conditions Within a Humid Rainforest Transition Agro-Ecology in Nigeria
Authors: Ayo-John E.I. , Odedara O.O. , Loko E.V. , Aworinde F.D. , Tella A.C. , Ogundare I.G. , Kelani A.M. , Hasssan J.O. , Oladukon J.O. , Afolayan O.B.
Published: July 2019

Farmers’ fields where cucurbit crops were grown in seven Local Government Areas (LGA) of Ogun state were surveyed in 2009 and 2010 for incidence and severity of virus symptoms and the identity of the viruses infecting the crops were determined using DAS-ELISA. Six viruses including Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) were indexed for in the leaf samples. A total of 14 farms were visited and 130 leaf samples were collected. The incidences of virus symptoms on the field were between 41.0 and 100.0% while the mean severity score were between 1 (apparently healthy) and 5 (severe symptoms and death) in some locations. The incidences of virus symptoms such as mottle, chlorosis and yellowing, mosaic, leaf distortion, puckering, vein banding and vein clearing were 20.0, 19.2, 18.5, 16.2, 11.5, 3.1 and 3.1%, respectively in the collected leaf samples. However, 8.5% of the leaf samples were apparently healthy. Serological analysis of the leaf sample showed the presence of ZYMV, PRSV, WMV, CMV, MNSV, and CGMMV. The most widely distributed virus was MNSV which occurred in 9 out of 14(64.3%)of the locations. This was followed by WMV and CGMMV occurring in 8 out of 14 (57.0%) of the locations. PRSV and CMV occurred in 50.0% of the locations. ZYMV occurred in 5 out of 14 (35.7%) of the locations. The viruses detected are among the viruses reported to limit the production of cucurbit crops world-wide.
Research Note: Histopathology of Puccinia philippinensis Syd. & P. Syd, A Fungus that Causes Leaf Rust
Authors: Donayre Dindo King , Minguez Lucille
Published: July 2019

Cyperus rotundus L., popularly known as purple nuts edge, mutha or barsanga, is a weed problem in most crop productions due to its prolific underground parts that permit rapid production of multiple young sprouts in the soil. Yield losses in many crops due to competition by C.rotundus range from 35 to 90%. Puccinia philippinensis, on the other hand, is a potential biological control against C. rotundus. Its anatomy of infection inside tissues of the weed, however, is still very much unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the histopathology of leaf rust disease caused by P. philippinensis inside leaf tissues of C. rotundus. Methods such as staining, embedding, and mounting of leaves with structures of the rust fungus were conducted using the standard staining equipment, glasswares, and chemicals. Microscopic examination revealed that the histopathology of rust disease in leaves of C. rotundus started with swelling due to the development of P. philippinensis’s uredinium in the lower epidermis. The event was followed by the development of numerous urediniospores that came from the uredinia. Lower epidermis of C. rotundus was ruptured due to pressing and pushing out of the urediniospores. Urediniospores of P. philippinensis were sub-globose to globose in shape measuring 13 x 16 μ spores-1.
Growth Performance of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) Integrated in Multi-strata Agroecosystems
Authors: Bande Marlito , Asio Victor , Sauerborn Joachim , Romheld Volker
Published: July 2019

Abaca is a shade loving crop with a good potential to be integrated into agroforestry systems that offer sources of income and prevent soil erosion. However, in integrating abaca into multi-strata agroecosystems, one has to consider radiation interception and the efficiency with which radiation energy is used to produce photosynthates since play a crucial role in the growth of these tree-crop stands. Hence, this study investigate the best shade plant-abaca d combination and its influence on light transmission ratio in relation to the abaca’s morphological growth performance. The results revealed that the light intensity under the canopy shade of coconuts is sufficient for the growth of abaca plants. On the other hand, Rainforestation (the planting of native tree species to rehabilitate degraded lands) appeared to be an effective approach in restoring the functions of an abaca-based agroecosystem by improving soil quality suitable for the crop. Therefore, the tree-abaca under the Rainforestation system was the best combination. However, the sustainability of both production system always lies s on the hands of the farmers, either to cut or harvest the trees or old coconut palms for lumber or to preserve them for ecological purposes by providing shade and wind breaks for the abaca plants. Finally, due to high planting density in both types of abaca-based agroecosystems, fertilizer application and the use of high quality planting materials are highly recommended. Likewise, topography and exposure to strong winds should be considered during site selection prior to abaca-based production system development.
Mineral Nutrition of Abaca (Musa textilis Née) Planted under Coconut and Rainforestation Production Systems
Authors: Bande Marlito , Asio Victor , Sauerborn Joachim , Römheld Volker
Published: July 2019

The allocation of nutrients within the abaca plant is of interest, as it determines the amounts which may be removed from the farm, returned to the soil in dead plant part, and available for re-translocation to subsequent generations of suckers. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the level of nutrition among abaca plants grown under diversified multi-strata agroecosystems and to understand the pattern of abaca nutrient uptake planted under coconut and Rainforestation production systems.
The allocation of nutrients within the abaca plant is of interest, as it determines the amounts which may be removed from the farm, returned to the soil in dead plant part, and available for re-translocation to subsequent generations of suckers. Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the level of nutrition among abaca plants grown under diversified multi-strata agroecosystems and to understand the pattern of abaca nutrient uptake planted under coconut and Rainforestation production systems.
In the abaca–coconut agroecosystem, results show that availability of macronutrients from different blocks demonstrates a high degree of significant differences (p≤0.01) within 0-30cm soil depth. These differences can be attributed to the history of land uses, farmer’s management practice and soil the type. On the other hand, it can be concluded that the trees planted under the Rainforestation system plays a significant role in the nutrient fluxes and the improvement of soil acidity. This is due to the fact that trees function as “nutrient-pumps”. Therefore, integrating abaca under the Rainforestation system is a best option.
Finally, it is not enough and safe to conclude that the low nutrient concentration in abaca leaves is due to low nutrient in the soil concentration solution since the standard values for abaca is still unknown. Thus, using the results for diagnosing nutrient deficiencies is insufficient.
Performance of Irrigated Lowland Rice Grown at Different Spacing and Organic Fertilizer Levels Under Unflooded Water Management System During the Vegetative Growth Period
Authors: Baclayon Archie , Escasinas Alfredo
Published: July 2019

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of irrigated lowland rice variety “PSB Rc18” grown at different spacing applied with varying levels of organic fertilizer under unflooded water management system, and to evaluate the profitability of growing lowland rice using wide spacing adopting the System Rice Intensification (SRI) and organic fertilizer under unflooded water management system during the vegetative growth period.
Lowland rice can be productively grown under unflooded water management system during the vegetative stage using organic fertilizer at the rate of 15 t ha-1 at 40 cm x 40 cm planting distance. Application of 15 t ha-1 organic fertilizer enhanced heading and maturity and produced more productive tillers than the control. However, application of organic fertilizer applied at 15 t ha-1 resulted in lower net income ( Php 11,932.00) compared to 7.5 t ha-1 (Php 14,457.00) because of higher input cost. In this option, if the raw materials of producing organic fertilizers are available, and the farmers need not buy any of those, application at 15 t ha-1 is more profitable because of higher yield of 3.92 t ha-1 than at 7.5 t ha-1 with only 3.05 t ha-1.
“COMPLEMENT POLARITY” PADA STASIUN KERETA BANDARA JUANDA DI SIDOARJO
Authors: Putra Mohamad Ega , Winarto Erwin Djuni
Published: July 2019

Bandara Juanda merupakan bandara internasional yang menjadi salah satu infrastruktur yang diandalkan oleh pemerintah Kota Surabaya maupun pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur untuk meningkatkan perekonomian Jawa Timur. Meningkatnya kebutuhan akan transportasi udara membuat bandara Juanda memerlukan upaya pengembangan guna memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna dari tanah air maupun internasional sekaligus mengimplementasikan kebijakan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia tentang transportasi massal. Penelitian ini meneliti pentingnya kehadiran stasiun kereta bandara sebagai bentuk integrasi transportasi dalam kota. Sebagai hasil akhir, penelitian ini mengajukan proposal desain dengan tema yang dipilih sesuai dengan kondisi dan konteks yang sesuai untuk stasiuk kereta bandara Juanda. Proposal lokasi stasiun kereta bandara berada pada area terminal 1 bandara Juanda yang berada tepat didepan terminal 1.  Berdasarkan lokasi tersebut terdapat beberapa permasalahan yaitu akses menuju stasiun bagi penumpang dari terminal 2 dan rencana terminal 3, pola pergerakan kendaraan maupun pergerakan penumpang dalam oprasional stasiun kereta bandara, serta posisi stasiun berada tepat didepan terminal 1 bandara hal ini mempengaruhi tampilan (identitas) joglo terminal 1. Dari permasalahan di atas proposal desain menggunakan tema “complement polarity” dengan menggunakan pendekatan postmodern. Dengan demikian stasiun kereta bandara Juanda diharapkan mampu untuk menyesuaikan dengan sistem yang telah berlangsung di bandara Juanda tanpa mengganggu satu sama lain.
IDENTIFIKASI PERUBAHAN BANGUNAN SEBAGAI PROSES EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN DALAM PERANCANGAN RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Indrawan Iwan Adi , Faqih Muhammad , Purnomo Hari
Published: July 2019

Dewasa ini evidence-based design dalam proses perancangan rumah sakit semakin dibutuhkan dalam pengambilan keputusan perancangan. Proses ini memberikan kesempatan bagi arsitek untuk dapat menemukan solusi baru dalam mengantisipasi berbagai permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan aspek-aspek arsitektur. Salah satu permasalahan yang ada pada kelompok bangunan bertipologi rumah sakit adalah adanya kebutuhan untuk mengakomodasi perubahan. Perubahan yang dimaksud dalam hal ini adalah perubahan akan konfigrasi arsitektur bangunan tersebut. Adanya perubahan menuntut rancangan arsitektur yang fleksibel dan adaptif. Perubahan memberikan kesempatan untuk semakin berkembang dan lebih baik namun juga memberikan peluang bagi permasalahan. Dalam ini permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah adanya kecenderungan perubahan tata ruang baik dikarenakan kapasitas maupun fungsinya. Penelitian terkait bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk perubahan sebagai langkah awal tahapan perancangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan studi kasus pada rumah sakit umum di Surabaya guna menentukan kecenderungan bentuk perubahan yang secara umum terjadi. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh terdapat 5 tipe perubahan yaitu Volume,service lines, Patient mix and standar of care, Size dan Medical Discovery  serta tiga jenis perubahan yang dapat terjadi pada arsitektur rumah sakit yaitu improvisasi (Improvisation), perubahan bangunan (Building changes),  Perluasan Bangunan (Building Extention). Adapun kecenderungan tipe dan bentuk perubahan pada kedua rumah sakit tersebut  adalah Volume dan improvisation.
POLA DESAIN FASAD PADA DERET BANGUNAN BALUWARTI KRATON YOGYAKARTA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KENYAMANAN TERMAL
Authors: Ayuningtyas Nurina Vidya , Adianti Istiana
Published: July 2019

Berbagai cara dilakukan manusia untuk menanggapi iklim yang kurang nyaman. Indonesia memiliki iklim tropis basah dimana suhu udara dan kelembapan cukup tinggi. Tembok baluwarti Keraton Yogyakarta berfungsi untuk batas mengitari kawasan tempat tinggal kerabat Sultan dan pemukiman Abdi Dalem serta jalur inspeksi prajurit. Perubahan wujud dan fungsi secara signifikan terjadi saat HB VI memperbolehkan warga luar beteng bertempat tinggal sementara di tempat terbuka di sisi dalam dan sekitar beteng. Deret pemukiman sisi timur dan barat dinilai tidak memiliki kenyaman secara termal dibanding sisi lainnya. Faktor orientasi bangunan dan bukaan berpengaruh dalam desain arsitektural untuk meningkatkan kenyaman termal pada iklim tropis basah. Solusi untuk menyelesaikan masalah kenyamanan termal yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing penghuni pada bangunan hunian maupun komersial paling besar mereka melakukan penambahan tritisan atau perpanjangan lebar atap nya, kemudian memanfaatkan spanduk/banner/bambu untuk membantu menghalangi panas matahari, dan strategi yan terakhir yaitu dengan menambahkan vegetasi di depan rumahnya.
Alcoholismo en la minería de Cucunubá
Authors: Ordoñez Viviana , Guarín Angélica , Gutiérrez Jorge , García Jenny
Published: July 2019

El alcoholismo siempre ha representado un tema de cual hablar dentro del gremio minero, puesto que a través de los años se ha divulgado en diferentes comunidades la relación del consumo de alcohol con la profesión de técnicos mineros y con quienes están relacionados con el sector. El siguiente informe está enfocado en el sector minero, específicamente en la mina “La Bodega” ubicada en el municipio de Cucunuba, Cundinamarca, vereda la Ramada, donde se pueden evidenciar las experiencias de los trabajadores de esta mina, recopiladas a través de relatos y fotografías, que pretenden explicar y reflexionar sobre el tema por el que son estigmatizados. Estas personas han narrado sus vivencias a través de encuestas donde han reconocido la causa de estos hábitos. Los trabajadores han sido cordiales al responder inquietudes y aclarar puntos sobre el tema en mención. La investigación busca, además, promover un sentido de pertenecía por sí mismo, que permita fortalecer los lazos familiares para evitar ser víctima del consumo de alcohol, los juegos de azar o frecuentar casas de prostitución, debido a la opinión de la comunidad en general.
Problemática de las canteras en el municipio de Soacha
Authors: Zambrano Karen , Rodríguez Lady , Quintana Camilo
Published: July 2019

La minería a cielo abierto es una actividad a partir de la cual se puede extraer un determinado mineral. Los principales minerales que se obtienen de este método de explotación son: mármoles, pizarras, granitos, calizas, materiales pétreos y agregados. El impacto ambiental que las canteras generan es el resultado de controles inadecuados en el ciclo de producción y de cierres o abandonos impropios, una vez agotada y finalizada su vida útil. Actualmente, hay cerca de 190 canteras en funcionamiento de las cuales, únicamente 12 tienen permiso de la alcaldía municipal. Como si esto fuera poco, las condiciones con las que laboran son algo peligrosas, incluso encontrándose bajo la vigilancia y regulación de la Agencia Nacional de Minería, pues a los trabajadores se les paga por un turno sin seguridad social y estos no cuentan con la más mínima posibilidad de organizarse para reclamar por sus derechos. Dentro de la minería ilegal se encuentran varios problemas ambientales y sociales que para este caso son: la forma de excavación, realizada desde la base de la montaña por implicar menos costos pero que debilita la parte superior, y los deslizamientos y derrumbes que terminan originando problemas sociales y de salud en las comunidades.
Controversias del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Ocampo Arroyave Juan Camilo
Published: July 2019

Las distinciones entre los tipos principales de poderes sociales, si bien manifestadas de diferentes maneras, es un dato indefectible en los argumentos del conflicto ya que, el sistema social y estatal en su conjunto aparece directa o indirectamente articulado en la dinámica del conflicto armado en sus diferentes esferas: organización de las fuerzas armadas, las formas de intervención política y la organización del poder coactivo. Los intereses superiores objeto de la disputa entre el Estado y la insurgencia, son la referencia del fenómeno del poder, cuya forma de resolverse ha instituido el carácter propio de los actores de la guerra, clasificando las ideologías, la identidad de los movimientos y toda forma de interacción social, política y económica. Muchas de las costumbres sociales han sido trasformadas y adaptadas de acuerdo a las exigencias y estructuras sociales según el caso, pasando por una serie de acomodamientos y cambios ideológicos.
Injury Pattern in Fatal Cases of Stab Wound
Authors: Chowdury Misbah Ul Hoq , Rubel Ali Md. Shariful Alam , Uddin Md Samir , Deb Kanta , Jahan Chowdhury Rifat
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Stabbing is the most common method of homicide as like as other parts of the world. Precise examination of stab wound along with the type of other wounds considering their site, shape, number and orientation of the wounds in relation to each other etc. provide a number of clues which may be of paramount importance in reconstruction and interpretation of the whole events.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in Forensic Medicine Department of Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from July 2010 to June 2011 and in the year of July 2017 to June 2018 to observe different patterns of injuries in fatal cases of stab wound. 20 autopsies were included in this study using random sampling.

Results: Male(90%) are more victimized than female. The pattern of injury that found to be most common is the penetrating wound of the chest injuring either lung or heart. Second most common injury pattern is the penetrating wound of the chest or abdomen injuring eitherstomach or liver.Another pattern is widely scattered multiple stab wounds both on front and back of the body and the fourth pattern is stab wound of the lower limb causing division of a major blood vessel.

Conclusion: The stab wound is deeper than it is long or wide. This means depth is the greatest dimension in case of Stab wound and that is where the danger lies as it is evident in this study.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 76-79
Lifestyle Pattern and Knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shaha Kartick Chanda , Khatun Shima Akhter , Mustafa Nafisa , Ahmed Farzana , Khan Mohammed Asaduzzaman
Published: July 2019

Introduction:The aim of the present study was to assess the pattern of lifestyle and knowledge about diabetes mellitus among type 2 diabetic patients at two tertiary level hospitals in Mymensingh

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to December 2015 among 300 patients attending at Medicine outpatient department of the Community Based Medical College Hospital and Endocrine outpatient department of the Mymensingh Medical College Hospital after obtaining requisite consent from the patients. Data were collected through the interviewing of the patients. The collected data were entered into the computer and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.1. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee.

Results: In a pool of 300 type 2 diabetics, Most of the patients (57.3%) belonged to the middle age group 41-60 years. More than half of the respondents were female (n=223, 74.3%). 97% patients were found to have knowledge about timing of dose regimen. Majority of patient’s (35.7%) knowledge about hypoglycemia was poor. The rate of adherence to diet was 51%. The rate of adherence to exercise was 68.3%.

Conclusion: Majority of type 2 DM patients displayed optimal level of diabetes knowledge. There was a high rate of non adherence to diet and exercise recommendations by patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. So continuous patient education and awareness program are required.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 102-104
A Short Review on Anti-diabetics for Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmad Hussain , Chowdhury Md Abu Nayeem
Published: July 2019

Introduction: This article reviews the treatments available for patients with T2DM, with an emphasis on agents introduced within the last decade. Materials and Methods: This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used include type 2 diabetes mellitus, prevalence, current diagnosis, and current treatment. Only articles in English were included.

Materials & Methods: Screening and diagnosis is still based on World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria which include both clinical and laboratory parameters. No cure has yet been found for the disease; however, treatment modalities include lifestyle modifications, treatment of obesity, oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin sensitizers is still the recommended first line medication. Other effective medications include non-sulfonylurea secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin. Recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has led to the introduction of new medications like glucagon-like peptide 1 analogoues: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, insulin-releasing glucokinase activators and pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty-acid-receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output and quick-release bromocriptine.

Discussion: Screening and diagnosis is still based on World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria which include both clinical and laboratory parameters. No cure has yet been found for the disease; however, treatment modalities include lifestyle modifications, treatment of obesity, oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin sensitizers is still the recommended first line medication. Other effective medications include non-sulfonylurea secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin. Recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has led to the introduction of new medications like glucagon-like peptide 1 analogoues: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, insulin-releasing glucokinase activators and pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty-acid-receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output and quick-release bromocriptine.

Conclusion: Metformin remains the first choice of treatment for most patients. Other alternative or second-line treatment options should be individualized depending on the characteristics of each patient.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 120-127
A Case Study of Achalasia of Cardia
Authors: Islam Md Rafiqul , Rahman Kazi Moinur , Ali Md Showkat , Azam SM Golam
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Achalasia is a benign idiopathic disorder caused by progressive neuronal degeneration in the mesenteric plexus of Auerbach, which causing non-relaxing, hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and aperistalsis of the esophageal body. This functional damage is irreversible and the treatment of esophageal achalasia is mainly palliative.

Case Report: Our patient is a 55 years old lady presents with progressive dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain and weight loss. After clinical examination and relevant investigations, she was diagnosed as a case of achalasia of cardia of oesophagus.

Discussion: She was prepared for Heller’s myotomy with antireflux procedure. Operative procedure was done under general anaesthesia.

Conclusion: Postoperative recovery was good. The patient is asymptomatic, general condition improved and found healthy on follow up after one year.

Medicine Today 2019 Vol.31(2): 128-130
MODELLING OF FORGETTING CURVES IN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Plaskura Paweł
Published: July 2019

Modelling of the didactical process by using educational network needs network representation of learning and forgetting curves known from the literature. The learning and forgetting curves are the solution of differential equations. The differential equations can be represented in the form of a network of connected elements in a similar way to the electrical circuits and represented in the form of an intuitive schematic. The network can be simulated using a microsystems simulator. Such an approach enables the easy creation of the macro models and their analysis. It enables the use of many advanced simulation algorithms. The use of analogy enables defining the educational environment by defining network variables and giving them meaning relative to generalized variables. In the paper, examples of representation of forgetting curves as the above-mentioned network are presented. Parameters of elements were selected in the deterministic optimisation process. The obtained results were compared with the forgetting curves known from the literature. The appropriate time constants were identified in the systems and their values were given. Time constants have their equivalents in the appropriate values in the formulas describing the forgetting curves. Based on the results, appropriate conclusions were drawn. The work also shows the concept of a model that uses behavioural modelling and variable parameters of elements depending on the state and time. The model has been used in practice. The presented approach enables a much more accurate determination of the parameters of the forgetting curves. The models can be used in the simulation of the forgetting process. The paper can be interesting for those who deal with modelling of the didactical process, especially on the e-learning platforms.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНО ОРІЄНТОВАНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ГЕОМЕТРІЇ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МАТЕМАТИКИ
Authors: Astafieva Mariіa М. , Bodnenko Dmytro M. , Proshkin Volodymyr V.
Published: July 2019

The article proved that critical thinking is one of the most important and universal competences of a modern teacher of mathematics. It has been established that geometric disciplines, in particular constructive and projective geometries, have the greatest potential for this. The pedagogical technology of critical thinking formation of future teachers of mathematics by means of geometry has been developed. This technology consists of a target, content and legal, and control component. It was found out that the essential element of the technology at all stages (substantive and procedural, control and evaluation etc.) is the purposeful computer support, first of all, the use of computer tools for mathematical activity and communication. The possibilities of information and communication technologies have been disclosed. An expediency of computer support within the process formation of critical thinking of future teachers of mathematics has been proved. There are systems of dynamic geometry and cloud services, which help to make the process of critical thinking formation of future teachers of mathematics more effective by means of geometry. This is the visualization of geometric objects, concepts, connections (in particular, expressed by analytical constructs), statements, proofs; dynamic drawings; computer experiment for research (nomination and hypothesis testing); control of analytical transformations; fast and high-quality execution of necessary images that saves time; interactive tasks generation; providing unlimited communication. The implementation analysis of the developed technology by means of mathematical methods, in particular, on the basis of the theory of fuzzy sets, has been carried out. The effectiveness of computer support of the formation of critical thinking of future mathematics teachers by means of geometry has been revealed.
МЕТОДИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РОЗВ’ЯЗУВАННЯ ОЛІМПІАДНИХ ЗАДАЧ З ІНФОРМАТИКИ
Authors: Horoshko Yurii V. , Mitsa Oleksandr V. , Melnyk Valentyn I.
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the Olympiad tasks on computer science: distracting story, placing various important components of the problem in different places of the condition, non-standard mathematical models, non-standard combination of standard approaches, etc. Taking this into account, as well as the rather high complexity of such tasks, there is the problem of working out methodological approaches to teaching to solve such problems. The general schemes of solving the Olympiad tasks on computer science, proposed by various scientists participating in the Olympiad movement, are considered. Based on the own experience, one of them has been selected. One of the areas of dynamic programming, the so-called Knapsack Problems, is considered. There are given various modifications of Knapsack Problem; the ability to solve them is necessary to understand the solution of a more complex task related to dynamic programming. For these tasks are given appropriate mathematical formulas or program code. There are presented all stages of the application of the given scheme to the solving of a specific Olympiad task on computer science, which belongs to the class of Knapsack Problems and proposed by one of the authors at the Open International Student Programming Olympiad “KPI-OPEN 2017” named after S.O. Lebediev and V.M. Glushkov “KPI-OPEN 2017”: the analysis of the condition, the construction of a mathematical model, the construction of a general scheme of solving, refinement, implementation, testing and debugging, sending the program to check. An effective author’s method for solving this task is demonstrated. The program code for the solution is given in C++. It is noted that the important point in preparing for the Olympiads on computer science is the analysis of the tasks after the completion of each competition. Applying the proposed methodological approaches to training pupils or students for the Olympiads on computer science (programming), in our opinion, will increase the effectiveness of such training.
ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ Е-ПІДРУЧНИКІВ І ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ЗАСОБІВ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Vorotnykova Iryna P.
Published: July 2019

The article describes the possibilities of e-textbooks introduction to the school curriculum as an instrument of digital pedagogy for the implementation of quality education. In the research, theoretical methods for systematizing and analyzing various approaches to the definition of the concept "e-textbook" and its classifications are used, the requirements for a modern e-textbook and the conditions for its use at school are generalized, as well as analyzed the proposals for electronic educational means for Ukrainian schools. The needs of teachers, students and their parents in the use of e-textbooks and electronic educational means were identified through empirical methods (observation, survey). Experience of using e-textbooks, electronic educational means is described on the basis of research and experimental work of 25 secondary education institutions. The results are based on sociological surveys, interviews and questionnaires of the participants in the educational process. A total of 1005 respondents took part in the study: 352 students, 296 teachers, 357 parents. The research has shown that most teachers are ready to use e-textbooks, e-tutorials, electronic educational means. It is more convenient for students and teachers to work with multimedia, interactive e-learning tools, e-textbooks. The Ukrainian state educational policy contributes to the development of digital pedagogy, digital education and the creation of high-quality electronic educational resources. International experience determines the priorities of the development of e-textbooks and the transition from static scanned versions of printed textbooks to interactive, multimedia, universal editions in which teachers can transform educational material, and, subsequently, to the development of adaptive versions that will provide students with the opportunity to form individual educational routes. In our future research we intend to concentrate on organizational, psychological and pedagogical conditions for the introduction of e-textbooks to secondary education and teacher training for their use as a guarantee of the development of digital pedagogy.
TEACHING MACHINE TRANSLATION TO THE STUDENTS MAJORING IN THE HUMANITIES
Authors: Bogush Alla M. , Korolova Tetiana M. , Popova Oleksandra V.
Published: July 2019

Problems of machine translation (MT) are currently the most topical vectors determining the development of translators’ proficiency content, which is reflected in the diversity of approaches to improving the algorithms of knowledge applications in this field. We recognize the urgency of theoretical substantiation of the students’ training quality (we mean the training of the future philologists and translators) in terms of using ICT, since their proficiency in the designated sphere might facilitate their natural and rapid adaptation to professional activity and competitiveness in the labour market. The analysis of professional literature showed the importance of using computer technology while training future translators in machine translation and proved that not all the reserves for its effective provision have been used. The urgency of the problem and lack of its proper development stipulated the purpose of the article ‒ to analyse and develop educational tools that contribute to the formation of a system of knowledge and skills related to the use of modern computer technologies in the process of professional activity (on the material of the English, Chinese and Ukrainian languages). A spectrum of the MT programs classified based on human’s involvement in the process of converting the original text into a target text (FAMT, HAMT, MAHT) has been represented in the article. The criteria (professional competency of the future translators in the field of the English-Ukrainian MT, professional competency of the future translators in the Chinese-Ukrainian MT), indicators (content-significant, procedural-technological and lexicographic search-oriented) and levels (high, sufficient, satisfactory, low) specifying the degree of students’ proficiency (knowledge, skills and abilities) in using modern computer technology within the framework of profession-oriented activities have been elaborated. The proposed authors’ teaching techniques included the use of the competence-oriented and context-based approaches to the educational process, the integration of traditional and new interactive methods / forms of learning, the combination of classroom and extra-class activities involving ICT. We see the prospects of our research in the further study of educational aspects of machine translation grounded on the latest developments in the fields of comparative linguistics and general theory of translation (theory of regular correspondences, methods of representing knowledge, optimizing and improving linguistic algorithms, in particular).
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES MANAGING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF A UNIVERSITY
Authors: Morgulets Oksana B. , Derkach Tetiana M.
Published: July 2019

The article highlights the results of the practical application of modern information and communication technologies in the management of institutions of higher education on the example of the Kyiv National University of Technology and Design (KNUTD). The constituents of the quality management system of educational activity are considered. The subsystems of the automated control system of educational activity of the university have been characterised and analysed. The key elements of the information systems use dare the following electronic databases: students and their academic performance; results of employment; students’ satisfaction with educational programs; distribution of the teaching load; teachers’ performance; learning and teaching resources, facilities, equipment and their cost; other indicators of university activity. In addition to the popular application packages, such as “iZETA”, "The System of Financially-Oriented Management of Higher Education Institutions", and "Anti-Plagiarism", the software products developed by KNUTD are described. Namely, the "Schedule" package allows one to form directories focused on the drawing up of class schedules which are accessible to all divisions. The software "Electronic Journal" provides monitoring of learning outcomes and prompt response to the failure of individual students; it serves for the formation of final control mark sheets, the evaluation of academic success rates of university students, etc. The electronic rating system "RTS rating" is used for the evaluation of research and teaching staff activity according to the results of their work in the reported year. The modular environment of the University's educational process, based on the Moodle distance learning platform, is described. It accumulates the teaching and methodological support necessary for conducting educational activities. The results of the research are of practical value since the implementation of the considered software products is capable of improving the quality and effectiveness of the management of educational activities of higher education institutions.
ДОБІР ХМАРО ОРІЄНТОВАНИХ ЗАСОБІВ НАВЧАННЯ БАЗ ДАНИХ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ З ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Vakaliuk Tetiana A. , Korotun Olha V. , Antoniuk Dmytro S.
Published: July 2019

The article describes the selection of cloud-oriented learning tools for educational process of the students of higher education establishments by the expert appraisal method. The criteria and appropriate indicators for learning tool selection have been defined. Three learning tools to study databases were selected out of the list of offered tools, such as: Amazon RDS, Google Cloud SQL, Heroku PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Azure, Oracle Database Cloud Service, Rackspace Cloud Databases, SQLite Viewer. The expert appraisal method has been used with involvement of teachers, lecturers, departments’ heads and deans that have experience in teaching databases at the Ukrainian higher education establishments. The comparing analysis of the cloud-oriented database learning tools, such as Google Cloud SQL, Microsoft SQL Azure, SQLite Viewer with Google Drive, has been conducted. The functionally-didactical and organizational criteria were defined. The possibility to use such cloud-oriented learning tools in the higher education establishments were examined. Appropriate indicators for each criterion were defined. The functionally-didactical criterion has the next indicators: possibility to create, to edit and drop tables in the databases; finding the primary and external keys for the tables; creation the connections for the tables in the databases; data modification in the tables of databases; functionality to analyze the results and errors of the queries execution in the databases. The organizational criterion has the following indicators: affordability (presence of the free of charge version; validity term for the free of charge version); need in the financial ability of the customer prove; customer interface usability. As the result of the expert appraisal selection method, has been revealed that SQLite Viewer with Google Drive is the most reasonable learning tool, by the manifestation of all the criteria, for the students of higher education establishments.
Türk Parası Kıymetini Koruma Hakkında 32 Sayılı Kararın İş Sözleşmelerinde Uygulama Alanı
Authors: ÖZKARACA Ercüment
Published: July 2019

Türk Parası Kıymetini Koruma Hakkında 32 sayılı Kararda Değişiklik Yapılmasına İlişkin 85 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararı 13.09.2018 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiştir. Söz konusu Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararı ile bazı sözleşme türleri açısından yabancı para ile ödeme yükümlülüğü öngörülmesi yasaklanmış; kararın yürürlük tarihinden itibaren otuz gün içinde daha önce akdedilmiş ve yürürlükte olan sözleşmelerdeki döviz cinsinden kararlaştırılmış bedelin Türk parası olarak taraflarca yeniden belirlenmesi öngörülmüştür. Daha sonra Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararının uygulanmasına ilişkin olarak Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından tebliğler çıkarılmış; sözleşme bedelinin yabancı para ile veya yabancı paraya endeksli olarak kararlaştırılamaması açısından istisnalar getirilmiştir.Bu sözleşmeler arasında sayılan sözleşmelerden biri de iş/hizmet sözleşmeleridir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle Kararda kullanılan iş ve hizmet sözleşmeleri ibarelerinin aynı anlamda kullanılıp kullanılmadığı incelenecek, daha sonra Karar ve buna dayanarak çıkarılan Tebliğler uyarınca hangi iş sözleşmelerinde yasağın söz konusu olduğu hangilerinin istisna kapsamında bulunduğu ve yasağın içerik açısından kapsamı değerlendirilecektir.
Karayolu Taşımalarında Taşıyıcının Zıya, Hasar ve Gecikmeden Doğan Sorumluluktan Kurtulmasında Özel Sebepler
Authors: YÜCE Aydın Alber
Published: July 2019

Taşıyıcı eşyanın taşınmak üzere teslim alınmasından teslim edilmesine kadar geçecek süre içerisinde eşyanın uğrayacağı zıya, hasar veya teslimdeki gecikmeden sorumludur. Bu sorumluluktan kurtulmada genel ve özel sebepler bulunmaktadır. Sorumluluktan kurtulmada genel sebebe göre, zıya, hasar ve gecikme, taşıyıcının en yüksek özeni göstermesine rağmen kaçınamayacağı ve sonuçlarını önleyemeyeceği sebeplerden meydana gelmişse, taşıyıcı sorumluluktan kurtulur. Sorumluluktan kurtulmada özel sebepler ise, taşımanın üstü açık araçla gerçekleştirilmesi, gönderen tarafından yapılan yetersiz ambalajlama, eşyanın gönderen veya gönderilen tarafından işleme tabi tutulması, eşyanın doğal niteliği, gönderen tarafından yetersiz etiketleme ve canlı hayvan taşınmasıdır.
Karar İncelemesi – Telefonla İşlenen Suçlarda Şahısta Hata
Authors: TUNÇ Kübra
Published: July 2019

Çalışmamıza konu olan Yargıtay kararında merciiler arasında görüş ayrılığı bulunan iki hukuki mesele tartışılacaktır. Bunlardan birincisi zincirleme eylemlerin kişilerin huzur ve sükununu bozma suçunun unsuru olması meselesidir. İkinci mesele ise telefonla işlenen suçlarda şahısta hata meselesi olup, çalışmanın merkezini oluşturmaktadır. Maddi konuda hatanın özel bir şeklini oluşturan şahısta/ mağdurun kimliğinde hata kural olarak kastı engelleyici bir etki doğurmamaktadır. Bunun istisnasını ise suç tipinde mağdurun şahsının kişiselleştirilmesi oluşturmaktadır. Mağdurun şahsı suç tipinde kişiselleştirilmiş ise mağdurun şahsında düşülen hata önem arz edecektir. Aksi halde kanunun eşit şekilde koruduğu şahıslar bakımından düşülen hata kast bakımından önemli değildir. Telefonla işlenen suçlarda fail ve mağdur yüz yüze olmadığı için, bu suçlarda şahısta hatanın önemi konusunda tartışmalar mevcuttur.
The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme Inhibition on Renal Microcirculation of Spontaneously Hypertensive-Stroke Prone and Wistar Rats
Authors: AHMEDA A. F. , RAE M. G. , ANWEIGI L. M. , AL OTAIBI M. F. , AL-MASRI A. A. , JOHNS E. J.
Published: July 2019

A significant factor in the development of hypertension may be excessive vasoconstriction within the renal medulla. This study therefore investigated the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the regulation of renal medullary and cortical blood perfusion (MBP and CBP, respectively) in both stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar rats. CBP and MBP were measured before and after intra-renal infusion of the SOD inhibitor, diethyldithio-carbamic acid (DETC). Under basal conditions, mean arterial pressure was significantly greater in SHRSP than Wistar rats, but both MBP and heart rate (HR) were significantly lower in SHRSP relative to Wistar rats (P<0.05, n=7 in both groups). Infusion of DETC (2 mg/kg/min) into the cortico-medullary border area of the kidney significantly decreased MBP in the SHRSPs (by 28±3 %, n=7, P<0.05), indicating a greater vasoconstriction within this vascular bed. However, DETC also significantly decreased MBP in Wistar rats to a similar extent (24±4 %, n=7, P<0.05). These results suggest that superoxide anions play a significant role in reducing renal vascular compliance within the renal medulla in both normotensive and hypertensive animals, although the responses are not greater in the hypertensive relative to the control animals.