bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Median 4‐year outcomes of salvage irreversible electroporation for localized radio‐recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Geboers Bart , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Blazevski Alexandar , Katelaris Athos , Doan Paul , Ali Imran , Agrawal Shikha , Barreto Daniela , Matthews Jayne , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Delprado Warick , Shnier Ron , Thompson James E. , Stricker Phillip D.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the safety, and short to mid‐term oncological and quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes of focal irreversible electroporation (IRE) for radio‐recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) at a median follow‐up of 4 years.

Patients and Methods

This was a single‐centre series of men with biopsy‐proven radio‐recurrent PCa treated with IRE between December 2013 and February 2022, with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months. Follow‐up included magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months, and standard transperineal saturation template biopsies at 12 months. Further biopsies were guided by suspicion on serial imaging or prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels. Validated questionnaires were used to measure functional outcomes. Significant local recurrence was defined as any International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) score ≥ 2 on biopsies. Progression‐free survival was defined as no signs of local or systemic disease on either imaging or template biopsies, or according to the Phoenix criteria for biochemical recurrence.

Results

Final analysis was performed on 74 men with radio‐recurrent PCa (median age 69 years, median PSA level 5.4 ng/mL, 76% ISUP score 2/3). The median (range) follow‐up was 48 (27–68) months. One rectal fistula occurred, and eight patients developed urethral sloughing that resolved with transurethral resection. Among patients who returned questionnaires (30/74, 41%), 93% (28/30) had preserved urinary continence and 23% (7/30) had sustained erectile function at 12‐month follow‐up. Local control was achieved in 57 patients (77%), who needed no further treatment. Biopsy diagnosed 41(55%) patients received follow up template biopsies, in‐field recurrences occurred in 7% (3/41), and out‐field recurrences occurred in 15% of patients (6/41). The metastasis‐free survival rate was 91% (67/74), with a median (interquartile range) time to metastases of 8 (5–27) months. The Kaplan–Meier estimated 5‐year progression‐free survival rate was 60%.

Conclusions

These short‐ to mid‐term safety, oncological and QoL outcome data endorse results from smaller series and show the ability of salvage focal IRE to safely achieve oncological control in patients with radio‐recurrent PCa.
Tetrandrine inhibits migration and invasion of BGC‐823 and MKN‐45 cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Xue Wanli , Sun Rui , Hao Zheng , Xing Zhenzhen , Cheng Hongjie , Shao Lei
Published: January 2023

Tetrandrine (Tet), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine extract, exhibits anti‐cancer effect on many types of cancer. Nonetheless, the action mechanism of Tet in gastric cancer (GC) is still largely unclear. In the current study, proliferation, invasion, and migration of the BGC‐823 and MKN‐45 cells were effectively suppressed by Tet treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, Tet suppressed expression of the proliferation‐associated protein PCNA, the interstitial cell phenotype N‐cadherin, and the extracellular matrix‐associated MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in BGC‐823 and MKN‐45 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. PI3K/AKT/mTOR, a cancer promoting signaling, was inactivated by Tet in a dose‐dependent manner in BGC‐823 and MKN‐45 cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the inhibition of Tet to PCNA, N‐cadherin, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression was partly rescuedby AKT inhibitor or mTOR inhibitor. In animal experiments, tumor growth was inhibited by Tet administration in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, the current data indicated that Tet had a critical effect on inhibiting BGC‐823 and MKN‐45 cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth via regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting that Tet might be a potential treatment for GC.
Comparison of 4D computed tomography and F‐18 fluorocholine PET for localisation of parathyroid lesions in primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patel Dhrumil Deveshkumar , Bhattacharjee Samiksha , Pandey Avaneesh Kumar , Kopp Chirag Rajkumar , Ashwathanarayana Abhiram G. , Patel Himani Vinayak , Barnabas Rohit , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Dodamani Manjunath Havalappa
Published: January 2023

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is the standard of care for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Four dimensional computed tomography(4DCT) and F‐18 Fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FCH PET/CT) localize adenomas accurately to perform MIP. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and metanalysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 4DCT and FCH PET/CT scan for quadrant wise localisation in PHPT patients and to do head‐to‐head comparison between these two modalities.

Design, Patients and Measurement 

After searching through PubMed and EMBASE databases, 46 studies (using histology as a gold standard) of 4DCT and FCH PET/CT were included.

Results

Total number of patients included were 1651 and 952 for 4DCT scan (studies n = 26) and FCH PET/CT scan (studies n = 24) respectively. In per patient analysis, FCH PET/CT and 4DCT had pooled sensitivities of 92% (88−94) and 85% (73−92) respectively and in per lesion analysis, 90% (86−93) and 79% (71−84), respectively. In the subgroup with negative conventional imaging/persistent PHPT, FCH PET/CT had comparable sensitivity to 4DCT (84% [74−90] vs. 72% [46−88]). As per patient wise analysis, FCH PET/CT had better detection rates than 4DCT ([92.4 vs. 76.85], odds ratio −3.89 [1.6−9.36] p = .0024) in the subpopulation where both FCH PET/CT and 4DCT were reported.

Conclusion

Both 4DCT and FCH PET/CT scan performed well in newly diagnosed patients, patients with persistent disease and in those with inconclusive conventional imaging results. FCH PET/CT scan had a higher pooled sensitivity than 4DCT in detecting patients with PHPT in head to head comparison.
Novel variants in ACTL7A and PLCZ1 are associated with male infertility and total fertilization failure
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Cui Ying , Guo Shunli , Liu Boyang , Bian Yuehong , Zhao Shigang , Chen Zijiang , Zhao Han
Published: January 2023

Total fertilization failure (TFF), which refers to fertilization failure in all mature oocytes, accounting for 5%–10% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles and 1%–3% of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in human. In this study, we recruited three unrelated primary infertile men with repeated cycles of TFF and performed whole‐exome sequencing to identify the potential pathogenic variants. We identified homozygous or compound‐heterozygous variants of paternal‐effect genes ACTL7A and PLCZ1 that followed a Mendelian recessive inheritance pattern. Novel homozygous nonsense variant in ACTL7A [c.C146G: p.S49*] was identified in case 1, who came from a consanguineous family. Ultrastructural observation of ACTL7A‐mutated spermatozoa by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that apparent increased thickness of perinuclear matrix and the acrosome was detached from the nuclear envelop. Besides, two novel compound‐heterozygous variants in PLCZ1 were identified in case 2 [c.1174+3A>C:p.?; c.A1274G:p.N425S] and case 3 [c.136‐1G>C:p.?; c.G1358A:p.G453D]. Mutated spermatozoa from case 2 with reduced expression of PLCZ1 showed apparent acrosome detachment by TEM analysis. And ICSI with assisted oocyte activation (ICSI‐AOA) treatment can partly rescue the TFF. Taken together, our findings revealed that novel biallelic variants in the paternal‐effect genes ACTL7A and PLCZ1 were associated with human TFF, which expanding the spectrum of genetic causes and facilitating the genetic diagnosis of male infertility with TFF.
Connecting research and practice to enhance the evolutionary potential of species under climate change
Authors: Thompson Laura M. , Thurman Lindsey L. , Cook Carly N. , Beever Erik A. , Sgrò Carla M. , Battles Andrew , Botero Carlos A. , Gross John E. , Hall Kimberly R. , Hendry Andrew P. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Hoving Christopher , LeDee Olivia E. , Mengelt Claudia , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Niver Robyn A. , Pérez‐Jvostov Felipe , Quiñones Rebecca M. , Schuurman Gregor W. , Schwartz Michael K. , Szymanski Jennifer , Whiteley Andrew
Published: January 2023

Resource managers have rarely accounted for evolutionary dynamics in the design or implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. We brought the research and management communities together to identify challenges and opportunities for applying evidence from evolutionary science to support on‐the‐ground actions intended to enhance species' evolutionary potential. We amalgamated input from natural‐resource practitioners and interdisciplinary scientists to identify information needs, current knowledge that can fill those needs, and future avenues for research. Three focal areas that can guide engagement include: (1) recognizing when to act, (2) understanding the feasibility of assessing evolutionary potential, and (3) identifying best management practices. Although researchers commonly propose using molecular methods to estimate genetic diversity and gene flow as key indicators of evolutionary potential, we offer guidance on several additional attributes (and their proxies) that may also guide decision‐making, particularly in the absence of genetic data. Finally, we outline existing decision‐making frameworks that can help managers compare alternative strategies for supporting evolutionary potential, with the goal of increasing the effective use of evolutionary information, particularly for species of conservation concern. We caution, however, that arguing over nuance can generate confusion; instead, dedicating increased focus on a decision‐relevant evidence base may better lend itself to climate adaptation actions.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Kleine Bardenhorst Sven , Cereda Emanuele , Severgnini Marco , Barichella Michela , Pezzoli Gianni , Keshavarzian Ali , Desideri Alessandro , Pietrucci Daniele , Aho Velma T. E. , Scheperjans Filip , Hildebrand Falk , Weis Severin , Egert Markus , Karch André , Vital Marius , Rübsamen Nicole
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose

The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) is under intense investigation, and the results presented are still very heterogeneous. These discrepancies arise not only from the highly heterogeneous pathology of PD, but also from widely varying methodologies at all stages of the workflow, from sampling to final statistical analysis. The aim of the present work is to harmonize the workflow across studies to reduce the methodological heterogeneity and to perform a pooled analysis to account for other sources of heterogeneity.

Methods

We performed a systematic review to identify studies comparing the gut microbiota of PD patients to healthy controls. A workflow was designed to harmonize processing across all studies from bioinformatics processing to final statistical analysis using a Bayesian random‐effects meta‐analysis based on individual patient‐level data.

Results

The results show that harmonizing workflows minimizes differences between statistical methods and reveals only a small set of taxa being associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Increased shares of the genera Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium and decreased shares of the genera Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were most characteristic for PD‐associated microbiota.

Conclusions

Our study summarizes evidence that reduced levels of butyrate‐producing taxa in combination with possible degradation of the mucus layer by Akkermansia may promote intestinal inflammation and reduced permeability of the gut mucosal layer. This may allow potentially pathogenic metabolites to transit and enter the enteric nervous system.
From facts and political objectives to legal bases and legal provisions: Incremental European integration in the criminal law field
Authors: Franssen Nicholas , Weyembergh Anne
Published: January 2023

This contribution intends to show that normative foundations, in the sense of foundations prescribing norms or expressing prescriptions, have been rather limited in determining or defining the legal bases, legal provisions and their evolution in EU criminal law. EU primary and secondary law in penal matters has indeed been adopted mainly in reaction to the need to adjust to reality, to face challenges, react to facts, incidents and threats and to implement overwhelmingly political objectives, which themselves follow most of the time from the said factual or operational needs resulting from practice. This thus calls for an assessment of the advantages and risks of the relatively decisive role of external factors on the development of criminal justice in the EU.
Women and girls with haemophilia: A retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Li Kuixing , Poon Man‐Chiu , Zhang Xinsheng , Wu Jingsheng , Zhao Xielan , Zhou Min , Wang Xuefeng , Zhang Mei , Xu Weiqun , Yang Linhua , Huang Meijuan , Jin Chenghao , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Donglei , Chen Lingling , Liu Wei , Zhang Lei , Xue Feng , Yang Renchi
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Women and girls with haemophilia (WGH) may have spontaneous/traumatic bleeding similar to that in males with haemophilia, and in addition excessive bleeding during menstruation and delivery.

Aim

To characterize WGH in China and provide guidance for better management.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the characteristics of WGH registered in the Haemophilia Treatment Center Collaborative Network of China (HTCCNC) Registry, including demographics, diagnosis and treatment, bleeding characteristics, obstetrical and gynaecological experiences, and surgical history.

Results

A total of 61 females had confirmed haemophilia. Diagnosis and treatment were typically delayed, longer in mild haemophilia than in severe and moderate. The most frequently reported bleeding manifestations were haemarthrosis in severe and moderate patients, and cutaneous bleeding in mild patients. Among 45 postmenarcheal WGH, 21 (46.7%) had history of heavy menstrual bleeding, but only three received treatments. Prenatal diagnosis and management of perinatal haemorrhage were inadequate. Of 34 deliveries in 30 women, nine deliveries were complicated by postpartum haemorrhage, and 22 offspring carried mutations causing haemophilia. Forty‐four surgical procedures were performed in 29 patients. Those procedures receiving preoperative coagulation factors coverage were significantly less likely to have excessive bleeding than those who did not (P = .003).

Conclusion

This is the first and largest study describing WGH in China. There are currently deficiencies in the identification, diagnosis, and management of these patients. Improving health insurance policies, establishing haemophilia centres, and multidisciplinary teams for bleeding and perinatal or perioperative management will help reduce morbidity and mortality.
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arising on human papillomavirus‐independent precursors mimicking high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesion: a distinct and highly recurrent subtype of vulvar cancer
Authors: Carreras‐Dieguez Núria , Saco Adela , del Pino Marta , Pumarola Clàudia , del Campo Ricardo López , Manzotti Carolina , Garcia Adriana , Marimon Lorena , Diaz‐Mercedes Sherley , Fuste Pere , Rodrigo‐Calvo Maria Teresa , Vega Naiara , Torné Aureli , Rakislova Natalia
Published: January 2023

Aims

Each category of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated and HPV‐independent, arises on a specific intra‐epithelial precursor: high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intra‐epithelial neoplasia (dVIN), respectively. However, a subset of HPV‐independent VSCC arises on an intra‐epithelial precursor closely mimicking HSIL. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological features of the HPV‐independent tumours with HSIL‐like lesions and compare them with HPV‐independent VSCC with dVIN and HPV‐associated tumours with HSIL.

Methods and results

We retrospectively identified 105 cases of surgically treated VSCC with adjacent intra‐epithelial precursors. The cases were classified into three groups based on the HPV status and the adjacent precursor identified: (i) HPV‐associated VSCC with HSIL (n = 26), (ii) HPV‐independent VSCC with dVIN lesions (n = 54) and (iii) HPV‐independent VSCC with HSIL‐like lesions (n = 25). We analysed the histological and clinical features including the recurrence‐free survival and disease‐specific survival in the three groups. Patients with HPV‐independent VSCC with HSIL‐like lesions and with dVIN were older than patients with HPV‐associated VSCC (76 and 77 versus 66 years, respectively, P < 0.001). HPV‐independent VSCC with HSIL‐like lesions recurred more frequently [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.87; P < 0.001] than HPV‐independent VSCC with dVIN (HR = 2.27; P = 0.1) and HPV‐associated VSCC (HR = 1). In the multivariate analysis, HPV‐independent VSCC with HSIL‐like lesions remained significant for recurrence. No differences in disease‐specific survival were observed between the three groups.

Conclusions

Even though VSCC with HSIL‐like lesions are not associated with higher mortality, they are more likely to recur and might benefit from more intensive treatment strategies and closer surveillance after treatment.
A comparison of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological surgeries in Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Maeda Koki , Shigemura Katsumi , Fang Shiuh‐Bin , Yang Young‐min , Chiang Yi‐Te , Sung Shian‐Ying , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Nakano Yuzo , Miyara Takayuki , Fujisawa Masato
Published: January 2023

Objective

We report the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on urological surgeries and hospital policies at two hospitals in Japan and Taiwan.

Methods

We retrospectively surveyed the number of surgeries every 3 months in the Urology Department of Kobe University Hospital (KUH), Kobe, Japan before (January 2019–March 2020) and after (April 2020–September 2021) the COVID‐19 outbreak, and in the Urology Department of Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University (SHH‐TMU), Taiwan before (January 2021–March 2021) and after (April 2021–September 2021) the outbreak, and compared the averages and types of surgery.

Results

In Kobe, COVID‐19 patients were stratified such that other regional hospitals gave priority to treating COVID‐19 while KUH gave priority to treating non‐COVID‐19 patients. In KUH, the number of surgeries did not change significantly, 237.2 ± 29.6 versus 246.3 ± 20.8 (p = 0.453). In Taiwan COVID‐19 patients increased sharply in May 2021, and teaching hospitals in Taiwan were obliged to provide 20% of their total beds for COVID‐19 patients. At SHH‐TMU, there was a 33.3% drop in the number of surgeries during April–June 2021 compared to the pre‐pandemic average. However, no significant changes were observed, 423.4 ± 68.4 versus 373 ± 91.0 (p = 0.298), because of the subsequent success in controlling the COVID‐19 infection.

Conclusions

The comparison of infection control measures between the two countries revealed that while both KUH and SHH‐TMU successfully maintained the number of surgeries, the reasons for this were different for each.
Creating equitable and sustainable opportunities for nature immersion to support restoration from stress within mental health nursing: A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Howes Sarah , Warwick Paul
Published: January 2023

In the face of global environmental changes threatening health, and despite increased calls for nurses to broker access to nature‐based well‐being interventions for people with mental health difficulties, there is a surprising absence of literature examining the nature–nursing relationship, inhibiting its inclusion within nursing curricula and practice. This critical interpretive synthesis supports the notion that nature immersion has the capacity to increase positive affect, reduce negative affect, provide restoration from everyday stress, promote meaning‐making, enhance belonging, and foster an interest in caring for the natural world. Yet, critical examination of the literature reveals multiple social and environmental inequalities and unmasks latent anthropocentric, gendered, and colonialist thinking, which threatens the delivery of equitable and just sustainable practice. Recommendations are made for a transdisciplinary, systemic approach, which recognizes and responds to our shared humanity and vulnerability in pursuit of planetary health.
Manufacturer encroachment and quality investment decisions in a two‐period supply chain
Authors: Wang Le , He Zhen , He Shuguang , Zhang Yiwen
Published: January 2023

With the development of Internet technology, many manufacturers encroach into the retail market by selling products directly to consumers, which is called manufacturer encroachment. In practice, the manufacturer may encroach in normal sales period, markdown period, or both periods in a two‐period supply chain. It is a challenging task for the firm manager to provide appropriate quality level under different channel structures. This research originally studies manufacturer encroachment with endogenous quality investment decision in a two‐period supply chain considering that consumers' valuation of products depreciates over time. Using a game‐theoretic framework, this work explores four channel strategies of the manufacturer and discusses equilibrium decisions and profits. The analysis generates several insights. First, the manufacturer should promote quality investment if encroachment occurs when the direct selling is efficient. Second, regardless of which period and scenario, encroachment may increase wholesale price when the direct selling cost is smaller than a threshold. Third, results show the effect of encroachment time on price could be classified into quality investment effect, wholesale price effect, and channel‐adding effect. The quality investment effect increases retail price, while the channel‐adding effect and wholesale price effect decrease retail price. Finally, results reveal that encroachment is always the best choice for the manufacturer and it does not always harm the retailer's profits. Overall, our results and managerial insights can help the manufacturer to formulate channel strategies, wholesale price, and selling quantity decisions while help the retailer to make order quantity decision.
Commentary: Advancing our understanding of the sleep‐circadian pas de deux for adolescent psychopathology – a reflection on Cooper et al. (2023)
Authors: Becker Stephen P.
Published: January 2023

This is an exciting time for research in sleep and psychopathology during the period of adolescence. The study by Cooper et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) is a much‐welcome addition to a rapidly accumulating body of work, examining change in eveningness preference throughout adolescence and its prediction of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. The study has a number of strengths, including a four‐wave longitudinal design, multi‐informant ratings of psychopathology, and an examination of white matter development in a subsample of participants. This commentary discusses the study's strengths and findings, while also providing directions for future research to build on the target article.
Energy analysis of drying basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves in an active greenhouse solar dryer
Authors: López‐Ortiz Anabel , Ituna‐Yudonago Fulbert , Gallardo‐Brígido Juan Carlos , Román‐Roldán Nicolás Iván , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Juan , Martynenko Alex
Published: January 2023

The need for better utilization of solar greenhouses during summer in the hot climate conditions of Mexico led to the development of the concept of active greenhouse solar dryers. The objective of this research was energy analysis of an active greenhouse solar dryer for basil leaves drying. The effect of variable solar irradiation on drying was accounted for by monitoring instantaneous effective diffusivity. Our experiments showed that the effective diffusivity of basil leaves increased with solar irradiation 100 times from 0.08 × 10−10 m2/s in the morning to 8.11 × 10−10 m2/s at the solar noon. The air temperature in the solar dryer was ranging from 42 to 48°C at the solar noon with solar irradiance of 806 W/m2. The energy required for moisture evaporation of basil leaves depended on the air temperature, reaching 337.6 kJ/mol just before solar noon. The amount of energy available in the solar dryer at noon was 124.14 MJ, much exceeding the energy required for basil leaves drying (16.94 MJ). The results of our study showed the feasibility of basil solar drying. The predictive model of basil drying in an active greenhouse solar dryer was developed.

Practical Applications

The feasibility of adaptation of an active greenhouse solar dryer to variable solar irradiance to ensure energy‐saving drying is a contribution in the field DSG's. For this purpose, we propose to evaluate the energy transferred to the solar greenhouse, the instantaneous effective diffusivity of basil leaves accounting for air thermophysical properties Cp(Ta,x), k(Ta,x), as well as material thermophysical [Cp(Ti,x), k(Ti,x)] and mass transport properties Deff, (t) as time‐dependent values. These, leads to monitoring the drying process under uncertain weather conditions, which allows to minimize risks of product quality loss and introduce advanced energy‐saving control of active greenhouse dryers. Furthermore, the greenhouse driers can be uses as a cheap technology, with low energetic cost.
View factor computation and radiation energy analysis in baking oven with obstructions: Analytical and numerical method
Authors: Reddy Ravula Sudharshan , Arepally Divyasree , Datta Ashis K.
Published: January 2023

In a baking oven, radiation heat transfer is the most prevalent mode of heat exchange. In the present investigation, a new baking oven was designed with two hemi cylindrical domes (called reflectors) attached to the heating coils at the top and bottom of the baking oven. Firstly, view factors were computed by finite element and analytical methods with different bread dimensions, as well as with and without the reflectors. The network representative method and S2S method were employed to analyze the radiation energy transfer in the oven at different baking temperatures using the same bread sizes. The results obtained from numerical and analytical methods were fairly similar. The radiative heat energy absorbed by bread surface was higher with the reflector than without the reflector in the oven. As the number of obstructions increased, the radiative heat flux was reduced. The inclusion of reflector shield in oven affect the heat lux on the bread. The radiative heat flux received by bread was found to have increased on increasing the oven temperatures. Moreover, quality parameter such as the color of the bread with and without the reflectors were also examined. The oven reflector had a noticeable effect on the color of the bread (p < 0.05).

Practical applications

In recent years, reducing energy consumption has become more important in the design of ovens. Although domestic electric ovens are a convenient way to bake quality goods, they have a very significant energy loss. Prior research has focused on CFD modeling for commercial ovens to assess the thermal behavior of the system and overall energy efficiency of baking. Baking ovens operate at higher temperatures, hence, heat transfer by radiation is highly essential. In reality, one or more surfaces in oven are obstructing the surfaces. To calculate view factors and achieve accurate radiative heat transfer in such cases, the shadow effect must be taken into account. To solve them precisely in this situation, numerical techniques are highly beneficial.
The impact of blue light and digital screens on the skin
Authors: Kumari Jyoti , Das Kinnor , Babaei Mahsa , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Goldust Mohamad
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The skin is frequently subjected to a variety of environmental trauma and stress. It is unavoidably subjected to blue light due to the increased use of electronic equipment, including indoor lighting and digital gadgets like smartphones and laptops, which have a range of detrimental effects. The method of action and numerous harmful consequences of blue light on the skin are the main subjects of this review.

Materials and Methods

A literature search has been performed using PubMed, GoogleScholar and EmBase databases and an updated review on the topic has been presented.

Results

Numerous studies have shown that being exposed to blue light accelerates the aging process and produces cutaneous hyperpigmentation. It also modifies the circadian rhythm. The two main molecules that mediate cellular responses to blue light are nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. However, the precise process is still not fully known.

Conclusion

These negative consequences may eventually cause more general skin damage, which may hasten the aging process. At times, skin protection may be crucial for protection against blue light.
COVID‐19 and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Biological insights from multi‐omics data
Authors: Pirola Carlos J. , Sookoian Silvia
Published: January 2023

We explored the shared pathophysiological mechanisms between COVID‐19 and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by integrating multi‐omics data. We studied common genetic risk factors and underlying biological processes using functional enrichment analysis. To understand the sex‐specific pathways involved in the clinical course of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, we processed sex‐stratified data from COVID‐19 genome‐wide association datasets. We further explored the transcriptional signature of the liver cells in healthy and COVID‐19 tissue specimens. We also integrated genetic and metabolomic information. We found that COVID‐19 and NAFLD share biological disease mechanisms, including pathways that regulate the inflammatory and lipopolysaccharide response. Single‐cell transcriptomics revealed enrichment of complement‐related pathways in Kupffer cells, syndecan‐mediated signalling in plasma cells, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in hepatic stellate cells. The strategy of pathway‐level analysis of genomic and metabolomic data uncovered l‐lactic acid, Krebs cycle intermediate compounds, arachidonic acid and cortisol among the most prominent shared metabolites.
An autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy treated with monoclonal antibody against tau
Authors: Beck Goichi , Yamashita Rika , Kido Kansuke , Ikenaka Kensuke , Chiba Tomoya , Yonenobu Yuki , Saito Yuko , Morii Eiichi , Hasegawa Masato , Murayama Shigeo , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: January 2023

We report an autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP‐Richardson syndrome). The individual had been enrolled in a phase 2 trial and received a monoclonal tau antibody (tilavonemab, ABBV‐8E12); he died of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gastrointestinal bleeding during the clinical trial. Neuropathological examination demonstrated neuronal loss, gliosis, and widespread deposits of phosphorylated tau in the neurofibrillary tangles, tufted astrocytes, coiled bodies, and threads, which mainly occurred in the inferior olive nucleus, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, substantia nigra, midbrain tegmentum, subthalamic nuclei, globus pallidus, putamen, and precentral gyrus, confirming typical PSP pathology. Phosphorylated tau was also found to accumulate in Betz cells, Purkinje cells, and pencil fibers in the basal ganglia. In conclusion, no additional changes or pathological modifications, which were expected from immunotherapy targeting tau, were visible in the present case.
Targeting the pylorus in gastroparesis: From physiology to endoscopic pyloromyotomy
Authors: Soliman Heithem , Gourcerol Guillaume
Published: January 2023

Background

The pylorus plays a key role in the control of gastric content outflow. Impairment of pyloric physiology has been observed in gastroparesis, particularly when associated with diabetes mellitus or opioid intake or after antireflux surgery. New tools have been developed to identify pyloric dysfunction in routine care, including functional luminal impedance planimetry (FLIP). As such, a new therapeutic strategy targeting the pylorus, namely endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G‐POEM), has received increasing attention and emerged as a promising treatment for gastroparesis.

Purpose

The present review details the involvement of the pyloric pathophysiology in gastroparesis, as well as clinical results of G‐POEM according to the current literature.
Standardized Anesthesia InductioN Tool (SAINT) – The development and international adoption of an integrated electronic tool for documenting the induction of anesthesia in children
Authors: Matava Clyde T. , Gentry Heidi , Simpao Allan F. , Weintraub Ari
Published: January 2023

Background

The induction of anesthesia in children poses a challenge for the anesthesiologist, the parent and child. Anxiety and negative behaviours and strategies that effectively mitigate should be documented accurately and be available for future patient encounters. To address the need for a structured and standardized electronic documentation tool.

Aims

Our aim was to develop a comprehensive electronic tool to capture and report behaviours during induction of anesthesia.

Methods

We performed a literature search on existing validated tools for documenting behaviours during anesthesia induction. We used the nominal group technique to achieve agreement on the components to include. We used Agile software development techniques to design and review the integrated electronic tool. Twelve international hospitals informed the development of the tool.

Results

We developed an electronic tool, the Standardized Anesthesia InductioN Tool (SAINT). SAINT incorporates validated scales for documenting key stages of the anesthesia induction journey (separation from caregivers, mask acceptance, induction behaviour, parental presence, the use of adjuncts and their effectiveness). In addition, the standardised data elements used in SAINT allow for local reporting, quality metrics and can assist in data across multi‐centre trials. To date the tool has been adopted by 133 institutions across four countries and is freely available.

Conclusion

We show that collaborative development and rapid adoption of the comprehensive induction tool SAINT has led to its rapid adoption in the routine practice of pediatric anesthesiology across several countries. Further studies on how the SAINT is being used for quality improvement or research are warranted.
International practice heterogeneity in pre‐transplant management of pulmonary hypertension related to pediatric left heart disease
Authors: Hopper Rachel K. , van der Have Oscar , Hollander Seth A. , Dipchand Anne I. , Perez de Sa Valeria , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Tran‐Lundmark Karin
Published: January 2023

Background

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the setting of left heart failure may contribute to poor outcomes after pediatric heart transplant (HTx), but peri‐transplant management is variable.

Methods

We sought to characterize international practice by surveying physicians at pediatric HTx centers.

Results

We received 49 complete responses from 39 centers in 16 countries. Most respondents are pediatric cardiologists (90%), practice at centers offering heart (86%) and lung (55%) transplant, and perform pre‐HTx acute vasoreactivity testing (AVT, 88%) in patients with elevated PVR. Half (51%) reported defining a PVR cutoff for HTx eligibility as ≤6 WU m2 (56%) post‐AVT (84%). The highest post‐AVT PVR ever accepted for HTx ranged from 3–14.4 (median 6) WU m2. To treat elevated pre‐transplant PVR, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are most common (65%) followed by oxygen (31%), nitric oxide (14%), endothelin receptor antagonists (11%), and prostacyclins (6%). Nearly a third (31%) do not routinely use pulmonary vasodilators without implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Case scenarios highlight treatment variability: in a restrictive cardiomyopathy scenario, HTx listing with post‐transplant vasodilator therapy was favored, whereas in a Shone's complex patient with fixed PVR, LVAD ± pulmonary vasodilators followed by repeat catheterization was most common. Management of dilated cardiomyopathy with reactive PVR was variable. Most continue vasodilator therapy until HTx (16%), PVR normalizes (16%) or ≤6 months.

Conclusions

Management of elevated PVR in children awaiting HTx is heterogenous. Evidence‐based guidelines are needed to allow for longitudinal determination of optimal outcomes and standardized care.
Complications and treatment errors in root coverage procedures
Authors: Mazzotti Claudio , Mounssif Ilham , Rendón Alexandra , Mele Monica , Sangiorgi Matteo , Stefanini Martina , Zucchelli Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Root coverage procedures have become very common in clinical dental practice. Even though these techniques are considered safe, the clinician may face several issues during the therapy due to their surgical nature. Some of these issues can be defined strictly as complications inherent to the procedure, whereas others are medical errors or treatment errors. This review will focus on describing treatment errors and complications that may arise during different phases of the root coverage therapeutic process and on how to prevent and manage them.
Complications and treatment errors in peri‐implant soft tissue management
Authors: Stefanini Martina , Marzadori Matteo , Sangiorgi Matteo , Rendon Alexandra , Testori Tiziano , Zucchelli Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Inadequate quality, quantity, or aesthetics of the peri‐implant soft tissues can result from a combination of factors related to the outcome of treatments performed before, during, or after implant placement. In this paper, we describe in detail the treatment errors that can pave the way for the onset of mucositis or give rise to soft tissue complications such as peri‐implant soft tissue discoloration or dehiscence, graft exposure, or scar formation. By tracing the error back to the planning or surgical stage, clinical insights on surgical soft tissue management are provided to avoid or treat complications that affect the status of the peri‐implant soft tissues. Mastering the learning curve and knowing the limitations of each technique are fundamental for preventing added treatment failures that can result in increased patient morbidity and overall discontent.
Policy attributes shape climate policy support
Authors: Coleman Eric A. , Harring Niklas , Jagers Sverker C.
Published: January 2023

Understanding how preferences for public policy instruments shape policy support helps policymakers to design policies that begin to tackle large‐scale and complex problems, such as climate change. Climate change policies generate both local and global costs and benefits, which affect the public's policy preferences. In this article we investigate the role of perceived conditional cooperation and distributive concerns on climate policy attitude formation. We identify a range of climate policies and test public opinion for adoption of these policies at different scales of government. The important theoretical distinction is the scale‐driven distributional nature of policy costs and benefits as well as concerns regarding the cooperation of other actors. We use data from Sweden and a conjoint experimental design where we vary level of government, type of policy, and the targeted group. We find evidence that people support policies when costs are shared broadly. We also find that support for climate policy is conditional on expected policy adoption by other units of government at various scales. This implies that unpopular climate policies might be more popular if the funding structure of the policy allows for binding policy and that the cost‐sharing is taking place at higher levels of government.
Global attentional selection of visual features is not associated with selective modulation of posterior alpha‐band activity
Authors: Gundlach Christopher , Forschack Norman , Müller Matthias M.
Published: January 2023

Attending to a single feature, such as color or motion, leads to global modulation of neural processing associated with the representation of the attended features. Alpha‐band modulations are hypothesized to be a marker (and even a mechanism) of the modulation of neural processing. By adopting a previously used attentional shifting paradigm, we examined whether alpha‐band dynamics are linked to sustained Feature‐Based‐Attentional (FBA) selection. For this purpose, we presented task‐irrelevant flickering random dot kinematograms (RDKs) in the periphery that either did or did not share the to‐be‐attended color of centrally presented task‐relevant RDKs and should thus be subject to global FBA selection. Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and alpha‐band activity associated with these task‐irrelevant RDKs were analyzed to quantify FBA modulation. Overall, the SSVEP results replicated previous findings: relative to a pre‐cue baseline, SSVEP amplitudes for peripheral RDKs were significantly enhanced when these RDKs shared the to‐be‐attended color of the central RDKs and were not modulated when they shared the centrally to‐be‐ignored color. Nevertheless, there were no differences in alpha‐band amplitude modulations between signals recorded contralateral to the RDKs sharing the centrally attended color and RDKs sharing the centrally ignored color. Hence, alpha‐band modulations seem not to index the sustained global selection of attended over unattended feature values within the same feature dimension.
Regulation from above or below: Port greening measures in the European Union and the United States
Authors: DeSombre Elizabeth R. , Knudsen Jette Steen , Elder Molly
Published: January 2023

Focusing on 23 greening measures, this paper systematically compares the greening efforts of the busiest container and cargo ports in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). We move beyond accounts for general environmental differences between the EU and the US to examine how specific environmental decisions are shaped by the effects of regulatory characteristics in each region. We identify systematic variation in number and type of port greening measures adopted in the two regions. We demonstrate that differences in the number and type of measures adopted reflect the level of policy making with local policy making playing a more important role in the US compared to the EU, thus proposing a pathway through which the form of regulatory approach could influence content and extent of regulation. The EU adopts regulation that is broader in scope while US ports are more likely to address problems affecting local populations.
Bounds on the number of rational points of curves in families
Authors: Lemos Pedro , Torzewski Alex
Published: January 2023

In this note, we give an alternative proof of uniform boundedness of the number of integral points of smooth projective curves over a fixed number field with good reduction outside of a fixed set of primes. We use that due to Bertin–Romagny, the Kodaira–Parshin families constructed by Lawrence–Venkatesh can themselves be assembled into a family. We then repeat Lawrence–Venkatesh's study of the ‐adic period map, together with the comparison of nearby fibres.
Long‐diagonal pentagram maps
Authors: Izosimov Anton , Khesin Boris
Published: January 2023

The pentagram map on polygons in the projective plane was introduced by R. Schwartz in 1992 and is by now one of the most popular and classical discrete integrable systems. In the present paper we introduce and prove integrability of long‐diagonal pentagram maps on polygons in , by now the most universal pentagram‐type map encompassing all known integrable cases. We also establish an equivalence of long‐diagonal and bi‐diagonal maps and present a simple self‐contained construction of the Lax form for both. Finally, we prove that the continuous limit of all these maps is equivalent to the ‐KdV equation, generalizing the Boussinesq equation for .
Experiencias de confinamiento: relatos informacionales
Authors: Menéndez Echavarría Alfredo Luis , Quiñones Torres Aída Julieta , Cuéllar Montealegre Mario Fernando , Lucio Arias Diana Patricia , Reyes Rodríguez Myriam Adriana , Márquez-Bustos Natalia , González Lasso Alejandra , Guarín Núñez María Laura , Velasco Gracia Daniela , Pardo Rey Diego Javier , Cifuentes Muñoz Yelis Fernanda , Chaparro Medina Martha Carolina , Aristizábal Ceballos Diego Felipe , Bustos Santos Andrea Carolina , Navarro Alvarado Paula Estefanía , Medina Hurtado Vanessa , Parra Cadena Daira , Ramírez Espinosa María Angélica , Moncayo Ávila Laura Catalina , Muñoz Lozano Heber Mauricio , Medina Herrera Brayan Stivens , Martínez Molano Lady Johanna , Currea Meneses Felipe , Uribe Gélvez Andrés Vicente , González Sierra Ana María , Gracia Martínez Claudia Patricia , Gordillo Sánchez Jonathan Esteban
Published: January 2023

Experiencias de confinamiento reúne diferentes relatos sobre las prácticas cotidianas que marcaron o transformaron nuestras vidas a causa de la pandemia de la COVID-19, y que permitieron la exploración de nuevos aprendizajes, hábitos y habilidades. En este libro, profesores, estudiantes y egresados relatan las experiencias, miedos y pensamientos que los acompañaron durante el confinamiento y, así mismo, reflexionan acerca de la adaptación a las clases virtuales, al teletrabajo y a una nueva cotidianidad. Estos relatos son el producto de experiencias personales que apelan a vivencias compartidas mediante un lenguaje que interviene los esquemas de la escritura académica para que los sentimientos, las experiencias de vida y las reflexiones fluyan a través de la escritura.
Optimization of chemical mechanical polishing of (010) β-Ga2O3
Authors: Liao Michael E. , Huynh Kenny , Matto Lezli , Luccioni Dorian P. , Goorsky Mark S.
Published: January 2023

Smooth (< 0.5 nm rms) and subsurface damage-free (010) β-Ga2O3 was achieved with low-pressure chemical mechanical polishing. An applied pressure of 1 kPa along with colloidal silica and poromeric polyurethane polishing pads rotating at 30 rpm was found to be the optimal polishing parameters for (010) β-Ga2O3. Using higher pressures typically employed in the current literature induced subsurface damage in the substrates. Diffuse scatter intensity of triple-axis x-ray rocking curves was used to determine the presence of subsurface lattice damage, which was quantified by measuring peak widths below the half maximum (i.e., FWXM where X < 0.5). The initially rough surfaces of (010) β-Ga2O3 substrates due to wafer slicing and grinding were lapped and polished. A 5 μm Al2O3 slurry followed by a 0.3 μm Al2O3 slurry was used as the primary lap material removal step. The material removal rates were ∼20 and ∼9 μm/h, respectively. Then, chemical mechanical polishing was performed using colloidal alumina followed by colloidal silica. The removal rates were ∼1.3 and ∼0.4 μm/h, respectively. Only colloidal silica showed the complete removal of subsurface damage. The final (020) β-Ga2O3 rocking curve FWHM was ∼13″ and FW(0.001)M was ∼120″, which matches the widths of commercially available pristine (010) β-Ga2O3. A final cleaning step using dilute bleach and dilute citric acid to remove residual silica slurry particles from the surface was demonstrated.