bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of several genotypes of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. to levels of silica fertilizer
Authors: Faraj Sazan , Aljubouri Khalid
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station in the Sayada area of ​​the College of Agriculture – at the University of Kirkuk for the winter season 2021/2022 by randomizing complete block design with a split-plot system with 30 experimental units per block to stndy the effect of spraying three levels of silica fertilizer (0, 2, and 4) ml.l-1 and ten wheat genotypes which are (Wafia, Al-Fayadh, Abu Ghraib 3, Baghdad, Jihan 99, Adana, Sham 6, Bora, Al-Rashid, and Monnellsa). The results showed that there were significant differences between the levels of silica fertilizer in all the studied traits, where (4 ml.l-1) of silica with Sham6 was superior in the traits of the biological yield (19.79 ton.ha-1), the interaction was significant for all the studied traits, where the genotype was superior in relation to the interaction levels of spraying with silica fertilizer of (0 ml.l-1) silica with the genotype (Baghdad1) was superior in the number of effective tillers (514.67 m-2) The number of spikes (454.10 spikes.m-2) and the protein percentage (16.35) also exceeded the concentration of (4 ml.l-1) silica with the genotype (Baghdad1) in the weight of 1000 grains (48.86).
What it Takes to Curb the Court
Authors: Friedman Barry
Published: April 2023

It is that time again, as it seems to be every several generations, when Court-curbing is in the air. And yet, this period of Court-curbing is importantly different from prior times in which Court-curbing was successful. Start with this obvious point: in prior instances in which attacks on the Court succeeded in some fashion, the challengers had the political muscle to threaten the Court. Now, to be blunt, they don’t have the votes. For that reason alone, much of today’s talk of curbing the Court is overly optimistic at best. The central question I pursue here is what it would take for the Court to be in actual jeopardy? Drawing from history, I derive a simple set of requirements. There must be a well-defined crisis, as opposed to diffuse frustration and dread about the Court. There also must be a focused, close fit between the nature of the crisis and the proposed remedy. Both of these are necessary to get public support behind a Court-curbing measure. And third, of course, is the votes: support in the political branches is essential to take action against the Court, for the public—no matter how discontent it might be—cannot punish the Court alone. None of this is the case at present. There is indeed a crisis surrounding the Court, but it is a collection of varied concerns. There is no one focal remedy, but a mélange of proposals. Some Court decisions are out of line with public sentiment and have engendered majoritarian controversy, but other decisions, while unpopular on the left, still have majority support in the country. Perhaps most important, the political system has slid into dysfunction such that it no longer represents majority will anyway—making it extremely difficult to challenge the Court, even if the justices slide over the line. The final question I take up is what the future might hold. I explore a range of possibilities, from bipartisan support for structural change around the selection system for Supreme Court justices to the justices moving so boldly that they get in hot water and are disciplined. Ultimately, though, I fear outcomes such as these are unlikely, ultimately driving the country toward constitutional crisis.
coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos e reciclagem: A tutela do Ministério Público de direitos fundamentais
Authors: Amaral Renato Cairo Faria
Published: April 2023

Este artigo discorre sobre coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos e reciclagem como forma mais eficaz de descarte do lixo. Serve-se dos aspectos da natureza humana que influenciam a sociedade de consumo, diante da produção de lixo e necessária sustentabilidade ambiental. Por meio da análise crítica dos conceitos relacionados, perquire-se a legislação relacionada, com viés Constitucional. Destaca-se o papel do Ministério Público na efetivação da política pública de resíduos sólidos e saneamento básico, constatando que o desenvolvimento sustentável e o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado impõem a necessidade da coleta seletiva e da reciclagem, como forma de proteção à saúde, por meio do saneamento básico, e como proteção ao consumidor, pela lógica reversa de produção. Conclui-se que há regulamentação da coleta seletiva e da reciclagem, com determinação legal de implementação por meio de política de saneamento básico e de resíduos sólidos, que visa concretizar direitos fundamentais.
Quality indicators in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a brief review of established guidelines
Authors: Sharma Zubin Dev , Puri Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive endoscopic technique that has many diagnostic and therapeutic implications. It is a procedure with small but significant life-threatening complications. To ensure the best possible care, minimize complications, and improve the quality of health care, a constant review of the performance of the operator using ideal benchmark standards is needed. Hence, quality indicators are necessary. The American and European Societies of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy have provided guidelines on quality measures for ERCP, which describe the skills to be developed and training to be implemented in performing quality ERCP. These guidelines have divided the indicators into pre-procedure, intraprocedural, and post-procedure measures. The focus of this article was to review the quality indicators of ERCP.
Design pró-sustentabilidade na formação de mulheres e a falta de divulgação do produto de moda nas mídias digitais
Authors: Carvalho Mariana Moreira , Gonçalves Berenice Santos , Figueiredo Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de , Schulte Neide Köhler
Published: April 2023

Neste estudo apresenta-se uma estratégia educativa desenvolvida pela ONG Instituto Trama Ética durante o curso de moda “Mãos à Ecomoda”, realizado entre outubro e dezembro de 2021 na cidade de Florianópolis/SC. Tem como objetivo evidenciar a formação de mulheres voltada para o design pró-sustentabilidade e como o processo educacional pode estar atrelado ao aporte do ambiente digital das redes sociais. O referencial teórico empregado na abordagem do objeto contou com pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas upcycling, circularidade na cadeia de produção e consumo, moda ética, moda sustentável e mídias digitais. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa aplicada, utilizou-se de relatórios como suporte para descrever as atividades desenvolvidas durante o projeto, e da análise de conteúdo como recurso para tratar dos relatos coletados. Os principais resultados apontaram para uma boa aceitação da temática pró-sustentabilidade na moda entre as participantes do referido curso, bem como a relevância de investimentos em projetos de extensão voltados a temática da sustentabilidade, sendo uma ferramenta para a redução de impactos socioambientais causados pelo setor de moda. Por fim, as considerações finais revelam um distanciamento da comunidade observada em relação às tecnologias digitais, sinalizando desigualdades sociais e informacionais.
A rare case of aorta-right atrial tunnel demonstrated on coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Kalekar T , Prabhu A S , Dilip D , Dolas A
Published: April 2023

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Shisha use amongst students
Authors: Mohamed A G
Published: April 2023

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Problèmes et perspectives d’un développement tardif du patrimoine des archives industrielles : le cas argentin
Authors: Ceva Mariela , Dahhur Astrid
Published: April 2023

Dans cet article, les auteures visent à démontrer la progression lente, mais régulière, du patrimoine industriel en tant que discipline en développement depuis la fin des années 1980 en Argentine. Elles analyseront d’abord certaines des oeuvres les plus emblématiques du patrimoine industriel argentin, en soulignant, par le fait même, la rareté des travaux sur le sujet et le manque de soutien de l’État pour la préservation de ce patrimoine. Cependant, malgré cela, les travaux de différents groupes de recherche tendent à inverser progressivement cette situation. En seconde partie, et c’est ce qui constitue le coeur de cet article, il s’agira de rendre visible le travail de conservation des archives d’entreprises qui a été réalisé en Argentine au cours des dernières années, sous l’égide d’un réseau d’archives d’entreprises parrainé par la Fondation Bunge y Born et la Fondation Williams, et grâce à l’interaction avec les centres universitaires.
The Network of Railway Settlements of the Tobolsk Province in the Late XIX - Early XX Century
Authors: Akberdeeva Dinara Il'gizarovna , Zagorodnyuk Nadezhda Ivanovna
Published: April 2023

Based on the analysis of mass sources – archival documents of the First General Population Census of the Russian Empire in 1897 and information published by the Tobolsk Provincial Statistical Committee for 1903 and 1909, the number, typical diversity, and population of settlements formed in the exclusion zone of the Perm-Tyumen and West Siberian railways on the territory of the Tobolsk province is determined. A set of statistical methods was used to analyze the sources. A comprehensive interdisciplinary approach allows not only to identify the historical and genetic features of individual documents, but also to give a certain assessment of their representativeness and information potential for specific historical research. Intensive construction of railways has led to the emergence of new types of settlements: stations, independent settlements at stations and on the railway line, barracks and semi-barracks, booths, barracks, guard houses, etc. In 1897, at least 128 railway settlements were functioning on the territory of the province, which was about 2.5% of the total number of all settlements in the studied region. More than two thousand people lived in them permanently and temporarily; on average, there were 18 people per settlement. The major settlements were the Tyumen and Kurgan stations. It is concluded that the primary materials of the 1897 census have the most complete information. In connection with the further construction of the Trans-Siberian railway at the beginning of the XX century, there is an increase in the population of stations and pier settlements, their merger, the emergence of new types of railway settlements.
Attributive Valence of the German verb GEHEN and the Russian Verb ИДТИ (Cognitive Aspect)
Authors: Tultseva Anastasia Eduardovna , Popova Larisa Georgievna
Published: April 2023

The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the attributive valence of the German verb of movement "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти" in German and Russian. The subject of the study is the sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the above-mentioned verbs in the cognitive aspect. These verbs are considered only in their direct sense, namely from the point of view of transmitting the expression of a person's movement from one point to another. The attributive valence of verbs of movement was chosen due to its insufficient study in comparative linguistics from the position of cognitive linguistics. In the study, the comparative method was used as the main one; methods of semantic and cognitive analysis were also used. The material of the analyzed examples was German and Russian lexicographic sources.     The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time similar and specific cognitive sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the German verb "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти". As a result of the study, the presence of such sectors of attributive valence as "direction of movement", "type of movement" and "pace of movement" was revealed in the verb "gehen". The analyzed examples of the Russian verb "идти" showed the presence of the following sectors: "time", "direction" and "type of movement", "accomplice of movement", "pace of movement" and mixed cases. As a result of comparative analysis, it was found that in German and Russian there are the following similar sectors of the attributive valence of human movement: "direction", "type" and "pace of movement", and the sectors "direction of movement" and "pace of movement" significantly prevail quantitatively in the analyzed examples. The article also draws conclusions about the peculiarity of the perception of the directional movement of a person in the Russian and German linguistic cultures.
Ocean acidification increases susceptibility to sub-zero air temperatures in ecosystem engineers and limits poleward range shifts
Authors: Thyrring Jakob , Macleod Colin D , Marshall Katie E , Kennedy Jessica , Tremblay Réjean , Harley Christopher DG
Published: April 2023

Ongoing climate change has caused rapidly increasing temperatures and an unprecedented decline in seawater pH, known as ocean acidification. Increasing temperatures are redistributing species toward higher and cooler latitudes that are most affected by ocean acidification. While the persistence of intertidal species in cold environments is related to their capacity to resist sub-zero air temperatures, studies have never considered the interacting impacts of ocean acidification and freeze stress on species survival and distribution. Here, a full-factorial experiment was used to study whether ocean acidification increases mortality in subtidal Mytilus trossulus and subtidal M. galloprovincialis, and intertidal M. trossulus following sub-zero air temperature exposure. We examined physiological processes behind variation in freeze tolerance using 1H NMR metabolomics, analyses of fatty acids, and amino acid composition. We show that low pH conditions (pH = 7.5) significantly decrease freeze tolerance in both intertidal and subtidal populations of Mytilus spp. Under current day pH conditions (pH = 7.9), intertidal M. trossulus was more freeze tolerant than subtidal M. trossulus and subtidal M. galloprovincialis. Conversely, under low pH conditions, subtidal M. trossulus was more freeze tolerant than the other mussel categories. Differences in the concentration of various metabolites (cryoprotectants) or in the composition of amino acids and fatty acids could not explain the decrease in survival. These results suggest that ocean acidification can offset the poleward range expansions facilitated by warming and that reduced freeze tolerance could result in a range contraction if temperatures become lethal at the equatorward edge.
Firing patterns of ventral hippocampal neurons predict the exploration of anxiogenic locations
Authors: Malagon-Vina Hugo , Ciocchi Stéphane , Klausberger Thomas
Published: April 2023

The ventral hippocampus (vH) plays a crucial role in anxiety-related behaviour and vH neurons increase their firing when animals explore anxiogenic environments. However, if and how such neuronal activity induces or restricts the exploration of an anxiogenic location remains unexplained. Here, we developed a novel behavioural paradigm to motivate rats to explore an anxiogenic area. Male rats ran along an elevated linear maze with protective sidewalls, which were subsequently removed in parts of the track to introduce an anxiogenic location. We recorded neuronal action potentials during task performance and found that vH neurons exhibited remapping of activity, overrepresenting anxiogenic locations. Direction-dependent firing was homogenised by the anxiogenic experience. We further showed that the activity of vH neurons predicted the extent of exploration of the anxiogenic location. Our data suggest that anxiety-related firing does not solely depend on the exploration of anxiogenic environments, but also on intentions to explore them.
Optical tools for visualizing and controlling human GLP-1 receptor activation with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Duffet Loïc , Williams Elyse T. , Gresch Andrea , Chen Simin , Bhat Musadiq A. , Benke Dietmar , Hartrampf Nina , Patriarchi Tommaso
Published: April 2023

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a broadly expressed target of peptide hormones with essential roles in energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as of the blockbuster weight-loss drugs semaglutide and liraglutide. Despite its large clinical relevance, tools to investigate the precise activation dynamics of this receptor with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited. Here we introduce a novel genetically-encoded sensor based on the engineering of a circularly-permuted green fluorescent protein into the human GLP1R, named GLPLight1. We demonstrate that fluorescence signal from GLPLight1 accurately reports the expected receptor conformational activation in response to pharmacological ligands with high sensitivity (max ΔF/F
0
= 528%) and temporal resolution (τ
ON
= 4.7 sec). We further demonstrated that GLPLight1 shows comparable responses to GLP-1 derivatives as observed for the native receptor. Using GLPLight1, we established an all-optical assay to characterize a novel photocaged GLP-1 derivative (photo-GLP1) and to demonstrate optical control of GLP1R activation. Thus, the new all-optical toolkit introduced here enhances our ability to study GLP1R activation with high spatiotemporal resolution.
The first Brazilian bovine breed: structure and genetic diversity of the Curraleiro Pé-duro
Authors: Rocha-Silva Mérik , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Barros Britto Fábio , Vieira do Nascimento George , Silva Lilian , Carvalho Geandro , Rodrigues de Medeiros Geovergue
Published: April 2023

Background

The production of animal-based foods from native breeds have a synergistic relationship with the regional culture, the local climate, and mainly the maintenance of alternative genetic resources for a system with a lower environmental impact. Thus the efficiency of conservation and production depends on assessing the variability of these local breeds. In the case of Curraleiro Pé-duro cattle, the most adapted individuals have undergone natural selection over five hundred years in the Brazilian savannas, mating with little or no human interference. The peculiarities of these biomes, where the regional flora is the food base and cattle is raised in extensive areas, likely influenced the genetic composition of the different groups that make up the first cattle breed of Brazil.

Methods

To evaluate the composition, diversity, variation, differentiation, and genetic structure of the populations studied, samples of hair follicles from 474 individuals of different animal categories (calves, yearlings, heifers, cows, and bulls) from three farms, defined as subpopulations “A”, “B”, and “C”, were collected. The animals were genotyped for 17 microsatellite markers using a DNA sequencer. After verification of monomorphic alleles, alleles outside the expected size range, and for the presence of stutter bands, the results were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

The markers used were suitable for the proposed application with a mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.62. On average, the effective alleles were 4.25 per marker, with mean heterozygosities of 0.74 (observed and expected), which was lower in herd A (0.70) in comparison to herds B (0.77) and C (0.74). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a higher rate of variation within herds (98.5%) and lower among herds (1.5%) (FSTranging from 0.00723 and 0.03198; p-values < 0.05). However no significant differences among herds where found with the Mantel test based on geographic distances. The formation of genetic clusters of all animals sampled with the software Structure resulted in minimum cluster values, with two main genetic groups (K = 2) observed among the evaluated animals. Therefore, based on PIC and heterozygosity values, a wide genetic diversity was observed, despite little differences in population structure (AMOVA, FST, and Structure results) among sampling sites.
Effect of Citrus aurantium juice as a disinfecting agent on quality and bacterial communities of striped catfish steaks stored at −20 °C
Authors: Dabsantai Kajonsak , Mahidsanan Thitikorn
Published: April 2023

Sodium hypochlorite is generally used as a disinfectant in washing of freshwater fishes where the safety aspect of health is of concern. Although plant-based essential oils and synthetic chemical agents have been applied, they might contain toxic substances, are expensive and can cause undesirable quality. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap necessary to validate Citrus aurantium juice as a disinfecting agent for preserving striped catfish steaks at −20 °C for 28 days. Fifty (50) ppm sodium hypochlorite was used as a commercial disinfectant (control). The results showed that a negative color characteristic (higher a* and increased b*) was found in the control but not in striped catfish steaks immersed in C. aurantium juice (TM) on days 14 and 28. No significant differences were found in the peroxide value among the treatments on days 14 and 28 (P > 0.05). A lower accumulation of trichloroacetic acid soluble peptides was detected in TM but not in control, while total volatile basic nitrogen of all treatments was up to standard of fish quality during storage. Contrastingly, the total viable count of both treatments increased to >7.0 log CFU/g on day 28 which did not meet the edible limit of standard for freshwater fishes. The spoilage microbial community was observed on days 0 and 28 of storage which showed a decrease in relative abundance of Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Brochothrix, Lactococcus, Carnobacterium, Psychrobacter, and Vagococcus as found in TM on day 28, when compared to the control. Thus, these results implied that C. aurantium juice could replace sodium hypochlorite as an alternative disinfecting agent to control the microbiological spoilage and physico-chemical quality of striped catfish steaks.
Gypenosides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by regulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhou Tingting , Cao Ligang , Du Yimei , Qin Lin , Lu Yanliu , Zhang Qianru , He Yuqi , Tan Daopeng
Published: April 2023

Gypenosides (GP), extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, have been used to treat metabolic disorders, including lipid metabolism disorders and diabetes. Although recent studies have confirmed their beneficial effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the protective mechanism of GP against NAFLD in mice and provided new insights into the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Male C57BL6/J mice were divided into three experimental groups: normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and GP groups. The mice were fed an HFD for 16 weeks to establish an NAFLD model and then treated with GP for 22 weeks. The transcriptome and proteome of the mice livers were profiled using RNA sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that GP decreased serum lipid levels, liver index, and liver fat accumulation in mice. Principal component and heatmap analyses indicated that GP significantly modulated the changes in the expression of genes associated with HFD-induced NAFLD. The 164 differentially expressed genes recovered using GP were enriched in fatty acid and steroid metabolism pathways. Further results showed that GP reduced fatty acid synthesis by downregulating the expression of Srebf1, Fasn, Acss2, Acly, Acaca, Fads1, and Elovl6; modulated glycerolipid metabolism by inducing the expression of Mgll; promoted fatty acid transportation and degradation by inducing the expression of Slc27a1, Cpt1a, and Ehhadh; and reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis by downregulating the expression of Tm7sf2, Ebp, Sc5d, Lss, Fdft1, Cyp51, Nsdhl, Pmvk, Mvd, Fdps, and Dhcr7. The proteomic data further indicated that GP decreased the protein expression levels of ACACA, ACLY, ACSS2, TM7SF2, EBP, FDFT1, NSDHL, PMVK, MVD, FDPS, and DHCR7 and increased those of MGLL, SLC27A1, and EHHADH. In conclusion, GP can regulate the key genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, providing initial evidence for the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of GP in NAFLD.
Compatibilidad de proyectos mediante metodología BIM
Authors: Ferreira M. E. C. , Dos Santos D. F. A , Ferreira M. P.
Published: April 2023

Los edificios se componen de varios proyectos en general elaborados por diferentes profesionales. De esta forma, el riesgo de interferencia entre ellos en el momento de la ejecución es grande. Este hecho perjudica el avance de la obra, generando retrabajos, incremento de costos, tiempos e incluso patologías. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la metodología BIM para realizar la compatibilidad de proyectos. Los proyectos se prepararon en Autodesk Revit 2021 y la verificación de interferencias se realizó en Autodesk Navisworks 2021. Para la compatibilidad de proyectos se utilizó una matriz de detección de interferencias, basada en el modelo “GuBIMclass v.1.2”. Se identificaron varias interferencias entre los diferentes proyectos. Al compatibilizar proyectos, es posible identificar interferencias entre elementos y realizar cambios antes de la fase de ejecución, lo que ayuda a reducir pérdidas de tiempo y dinero, además de evitar posibles anomalías. La tecnología BIM es revolucionaria, sin embargo, no es un proceso sencillo y familiar entre los profesionales, por lo que existe la necesidad de una mayor inversión en formación profesional por parte de las empresas, la implementación en cursos de ingeniería y arquitectura, son fundamentales para el avance de la construcción civil.
Morteros mixtos de revestimiento con caucho de neumáticos: comportamiento frente al agua
Authors: Fabiano Fioriti C. , Sakamoto C. A. , Pagoto L. M. , Akasaki J. L. , Pinheiro Melges J. L.
Published: April 2023

El trabajo evaluó el rendimiento frente al comportamiento del agua de los morteros de revestimiento con la incorporación de caucho de neumáticos. Se utilizaron granulometrías de #0.60 mm y #1.19 mm, con niveles de incorporación de 10% y 20% (en volumen), reemplazando el agregado fino. La metodología consistió en pruebas de capilaridad; secado; procedimientos de humidificación y secado con control de masa, termografía infrarroja y medición de humedad. Los resultados indicaron que en capilaridad y secado, la dosificación A20F (granulometría #0.60 mm y 20% de incorporación) mostró una tasa de absorción reducida contribuyendo a la eliminación de agua. En el proceso de humidificación y secado, tanto activo como pasivo, posiblemente el caucho bloqueó los poros de la masa, ya que las dosificaciones con granulometría #0.60 mm (A10F y principalmente A20F) demostraron perder agua, lo que indica que la mayor parte del agua absorbida se concentraría en la superficie del compuesto.
Modular standardization criteria applied in multi-story residential buildings in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)
Authors: Vargas-Mosqueda M. , Saelzer-Fuica G. , Pereira M. E. , Navarro-Ortiz A. M. , García-Alvarado R.
Published: April 2023

Las edificaciones multi-residenciales en altura en madera contralaminada se perfilan como una opción sustentable y rentable con posibilidades de industrialización, que abren el camino a nuevos paradigmas en la construcción. En este nuevo modelo edificatorio, la modulación estandarizada puede ser una eficiente estrategia para integrar plataformas de diseño y manufactura. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta estrategia requiere del estudio y desarrollo de metodologías que permitan alcanzar la flexibilidad de diseño necesaria para obtener adecuados niveles de producción y personalización. En función de esto, este trabajo analiza las condiciones de modularidad observadas en cinco edificaciones construidas entre el 2002 y el 2016, con el propósito de estudiar los criterios de estandarización implementados. Para lograrlo, se hace un análisis de la modularidad subyacente en el diseño y las condiciones de variación o repetición presentadas. En este sentido, se observó el uso de criterios de modularidad distintos entre las primeras experiencias desarrolladas y las edificaciones más recientes, dados por el avance tecnológico de los últimos años. La investigación, permite aproximarse al entendimiento de las condiciones de modularidad asociadas a estas edificaciones, como aporte al desarrollo de metodologías que optimicen el diseño para la manufactura y ensamblaje.
Propuesta de servicios en apoyo a la gestión de datos de investigación en bibliotecas académicas
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Aldunate Gangas Tania
Published: April 2023

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar aquellos aspectos esenciales a considerar para una eficiente gestión de datos de investigación (en adelante GDI) lo que permitirá abordarlos posteriormente como servicios que desde la biblioteca universitaria pueden ser ofrecidos en apoyo a los(as) investigadores(as). Para lograr identificar estos aspectos, y ofrecer una propuesta de servicios esenciales en apoyo a la GDI se elaboraron tres instrumentos de evaluación. El primero de ellos consistió en una encuesta aplicada a académicos(as) e investigadores(as) de la Universidad de Chile, para conocer su percepción y necesidades en torno a actividades propias de la GDI. El segundo instrumento de evaluación, consistió en un análisis comparativo sobre los servicios GDI ofrecidos en los sitios web de las ocho mejores universidades a nivel internacional y las ocho mejores a nivel latinoamericano según el ranking QS 2021. El tercer instrumento, es un segundo análisis comparativo entre los aspectos esenciales abordados en diecisiete cursos en línea sobre GDI. A través de él se identificaron las palabras claves según el contenido, para luego ser comparados con los servicios que actuaron como parámetros en el análisis de servicios GDI de las universidades QS. El resultado del presente estudio, es la identificación y explicación de doce servicios esenciales ofrecidos para implementar en aquellas bibliotecas universitarias interesadas en comenzar a apoyar a los(as) investigadores(s) en la labor de gestionar los datos de investigación.
Contexto actual del proceso de procuramiento y trasplante de órganos en Chile : barreras identificadas en la cadena por actores claves involucrados
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina, Peña Caragol Valeska Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Chile, desde fines de la década de los 90, ha experimentado un cambio epidemiológico que se ha reflejado en una población con mayor esperanza de vida al nacer y un aumento en la prevalencia de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT), entre otras. Cuando la medicina clínica se hace insuficiente para paliar las complicaciones de patologías crónicas o agudas de progresión fulminante el tratamiento médico disponible, con beneficio directo en la calidad de vida y menor costo económico a largo plazo, es el ingreso a la Lista Única de Trasplante Nacional. En nuestro país la tasa de donación por millón de habitantes (pmh) desde los años 90 hasta el primer semestre del año 2019, ha sido de un dígito, con excepción de los años 2006 y 2017, que correspondieron a una tasa de 10 donantes pmh., que se extrapola a un promedio de 400 trasplantes realizados o a un tiempo de espera de entre 2 a 3 años para los receptores, a diferencia de la generalidad que promedia casi 350 trasplantes anuales y a un tiempo de espera entre 4 a 6 años, para mas de los 2000 usuarios inscritos en esta lista, hasta Julio del 2019. Pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los desafíos para disminuir la pérdida de órganos y tejidos, en el proceso de transplante en pacientes fallecidos con diagnóstico de Muerte Encefálica, según la perspectiva de los actores claves involucrados en la cadena de 7 etapas establecidas por la Coordinación Nacional de Procuramiento y Trasplante? Método: Estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas audiograbadas voluntarias a 6 actores seleccionados por su trabajo a nivel central y local del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Oriente. El análisis de los datos obtenidos se realizó bajo una Metodología Cualitativa. Resultados: Las variables identificadas en la investigación fueron; perfil del actor clave, cargo, funciones ejercidas, tiempo en el cargo, pérdida de órganos, obtención de órganos. De acuerdo a esto, destaca que la actual cadena propuesta por la Coordinación Nacional de Procuramiento y Trasplante (CNPT), favorece a lo largo de todo el proceso, la obtención de órganos en los donantes efectivos. Discusión y conclusión: Se identificaron factores externos que afectan directamente en la baja tasa de donantes pmh. entre estos: falta de autonomía de la CNPT a nivel administrativo y asistencial, para lograr obtener una estandarización en procesos y continuidad de los eventos pesquisados; legislación que potencie el donante universal eliminando la duda fundada, que es resuelta por la familia; campañas educativas permanentes por parte de una entidad gubernamental; personal insuficiente para la realización de funciones asignadas; rotación de personal; ausencia de formación continua desde pregrado y postgrado, entre otras.
Performance of Promising Potato Genotypes in Red Ant (Dorylus orientalis) Management
Authors: Gautam Janarjan , Ghimire Dipendra , Gadal Ashmita
Published: April 2023

This experiment was carried out to identify appropriate potato genotypes for red ant management and increase the tuber yield of potato during 2020 and 2021 years. Eight different promising potato genotypes [1. PRP-056267.9 2. PRP-85861.11 3. CIP-394311.112 4. PRP-136368.1 5. PRP-22627.1 6. PRP-296668.1 7. Janakdev (standard check) and 8. Ilam local (Bite)] received from National Potato Research Program (NPRP), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal were included in the study. Experiment was conducted in previously red ant infected potato field in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experimental plot size was 5.4 m2 (3m x 1.8m) where planting tubers was done at 60 cm row to row and 25 cm plants to plant spacing. Fertilizers of NPK were applied at the rate of 100:100:60 kg /ha and 20 t/ha compost. Well sprouted tubers with weight 30-40 g were planted during the second week of February.  Harvesting was done during the last week of July. Data on yield attributing traits, late blight disease, and number of red ant damaged tubers, red ant infested yield and healthy tuber yield were recorded. The standard check potato variety Janakdev (1.00 red ant score, 2.32 – 2.36 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.66 – 0. 71 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ), PRP-056267.9 (1.00 red ant score, 4.51 – 5.10 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.56 – 0. 67 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ) and PRP-85861.11 (1.00 red ant score, 4.55 – 5.47 % red ant incidence percentage and 0.76 – 0. 86 t/ha red ant infected tuber yield ) were found tolerant to red ant infestation and produced the highest tuber yield (27.74 t/ha – 28.62 t /ha by Janakdev variety followed by 21.79 - 22.26 t/ha by PRP-056267.9  and 21.09 - 21.05 t/ha by PRP-85861.11 potato genotypes). Therefore, planting of Janakdev variety as well as PRP-056267.9 and PRP-85861.11 potato genotypes is appropriate for higher potato tuber yield and lower down red ant incidence at Jaubari area.
Phytochemical and Anti-ulcer Properties of Allophylus africanus P Beauv. (Sapindaceae) Leaf
Authors: Ikenna Chikeokwu , C. Mba Theodora , Odoh Uche Estella , Ugwuoke Christopher
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ulcer has remained a persistent discomforting illness commonly causes by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori and prolonged or excessive use of anti-inflammatory pain killers like aspirin. While existing cases are difficult to treat and ,treat new cases are being diagnosed. Current treatments do not seem to be giving much hope to patients. Natural product and plant-based preparation are offering some measure of hope. Allophylus africanus has been reported to be effective in traditional medicine as an anti-ulcer agent.

Objectives of the Study: This research aims to evaluate the antiulcer properties of the crude methanol extract of the leaf of the plant.

Methodology: The plant material was extracted using the cold maceration.

Methods: The acute toxicity was investigated according to Lorke’s method, while antiulcer activity was evaluated using stress and ethanol models, Omeprazole (200 mg/ml) was the reference drug. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was carried out using standard methods.

Results: The crude extract is non-toxic at a below 5000 mg/kg dose. Preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids. Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, terpenoids etc. There was no significant between the activity of the standard drug (omeprazole 20mg/kg) and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) at (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: A. africanus has ulcer prevention activity and its use in the treatment of ulcer in ethnomedicine is justified.
Ecological Role and Ecosystem Services of Birds: A Review
Authors: Mariyappan Mathialagan , Rajendran Meena , Velu Sarathkumar , Johnson Alfred Daniel , Dinesh G. K. , Solaimuthu Kumaravel , Kaliyappan Maheshwaran , Sankar Mangayarkarsi
Published: April 2023

Birds play many roles, including predators, pollinators, scavengers, seed dispersers, pests, predators, nutrient cycling, ecosystem engineers, and many other services. However, the global decline in bird populations means that the ecosystem services provided by these birds are also declining [1]. The services birds provide are ecologically and economically important, but are not adequately appreciated due to insufficient information. Therefore, this review article aims to elucidate the role of birds in the agro-ecosystem and their benefits to humans in order to promote their conservation. Healthy bird populations and their habitats would help protect various ecological services that would ultimately improve human well-being.
Energy Balance Studies of Weed Management Practices in Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czerj and Cosson)
Authors: Yernaidu Y. , Parameswari Y. S. , Madhavi M. , Prakash T. Ram
Published: April 2023

An experiment was conducted at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2020-21 on loamy sand soils to study energy balance of weed management practices in mustard. The energy balance studies were determined by using direct and indirect energy. Among the different weed management practices, Stomp 30 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 recorded higher energy input. This treatment was followed by Goal 23.5 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1 and Raft 6 % EC as PE fb straw mulch 5 t ha-1. Maximum energy output, net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were noticed under intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was statistically on par with Raft 6 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS, Goal 23.5 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS and Stomp 30 % EC as PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS.
Accuracy of Predicting the Unemployment Rate in Indonesia
Authors: Istiyani Nanik , Hanim Anifatul , Dewi Ivana Rosediana , Najib M. Khoirun
Published: April 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has had numerous detrimental effects on Indonesia's economy. One is a rising unemployment rate due to a slowing economy, resulting in fewer employment prospects. This study aims to forecast the unemployment rate in Indonesia between 2023 and 2025, explicitly following the Covid-19 pandemic. This research utilises time series data for the period 2005 to 2022. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test indicates that the data for the unemployment rate are stationary at the first difference. The method used in this study is forecasting techniques using the ARIMA (1,1,1). Predictions indicate that the unemployment rate in Indonesia has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. This can happen due to the increasing termination of employment (PHK) in Indonesia and the existence of social distancing which causes difficulties in working. However, after the Covid-19 pandemic, the unemployment rate is predicted to tend to decrease. This can happen because of government policies that help the community's economy, such as providing stimulus for business actors so that they can maintain their businesses and provide social security networks for informal workers. With government policies that help the community's economy, it has caused the unemployment rate in Indonesia to decline after Covid-19.
Remineralization of Tooth: A Literature Review
Authors: Kaur Samandeep , Gupta Sunil , Mehra Manjul , Sadana Gunmeen , Gupta Teena , Grover Rashu
Published: April 2023

Non-cavitated carious lesions are managed non-invasively through remineralization in an attempt to prevent disease progression, and to improve strength, esthetics, and function of teeth in the modern dentistry. The emphasis presently is being given to new technologies which suggest the changes in the understanding of dental caries, and most of them gave significant positive outcome regarding remineralisation when used clinically. The aim of this review article is to put a light on various available remineralizing agents along with some recently introduced agents.
Acquiring Precise Coordinates of Ground Targets through GCP Geometric Correction of Captured Images in UAS
Authors: An Namwon , Lim Kyung-Mee , Jeong So-Young
Published: April 2023

Acquiring precise coordinates of ground targets can be regarded as the key mission of the tactical-level military UAS(Unmanned Aerial System) operations. The coordinates deviations for the ground targets estimated from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) images may depend on the sensor specifications and slant ranges between UAV and ground targets. It has an order of several tens to hundreds of meters for typical tactical UAV mission scenarios. In this paper, we propose a scheme that precisely acquires target coordinates from UAS by mapping image pixels to geographical coordinates based on GCP(Ground Control Points). This scheme was implemented and tested from ground control station for UAS. We took images of targets of which exact location is known and acquired the target coordinates using our proposed scheme. The experimental results showed that errors of the acquired coordinates remained within an order of several meters and the coordinates accuracy was significantly improved.
A Study on Safety Standards for the Interior of an Artillery Firing Range Considering Probable Error
Authors: Kim Juhee , Sung Kieun
Published: April 2023

Safety standards for long-range artillery ammunition test and training sites follow the US artillery shooting range safety zone standards. Although the South Korean geographical conditions of shooting ranges are different from those of the United States, there is no safety standard reflecting the South Korean topographical characteristics. Probable error associated with the shooting range, trajectory should be considered in establishing the safety standards. In this study, we present the safety standards for the ammunition testing site suitable for the Korean situation, with applying a concept of trajectory and probable error differed by ammunition type, which are currently confirmed by the South Korean Army's artillery shooting.
Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Perreault Leigh , Ji Linong , Dagogo-Jack Sam
Published: April 2023

Importance

Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and approximately 720 million individuals worldwide.

Observations

Prediabetes is defined by a fasting glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dL, a glucose level of 140 to 199 mg/dL measured 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load, or glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1C) of 5.7% to 6.4% or 6.0% to 6.4%. In the US, approximately 10% of people with prediabetes progress to having diabetes each year. A meta-analysis found that prediabetes at baseline was associated with increased mortality and increased cardiovascular event rates (excess absolute risk, 7.36 per 10 000 person-years for mortality and 8.75 per 10 000 person-years for cardiovascular disease during 6.6 years). Intensive lifestyle modification, consisting of calorie restriction, increased physical activity (≥150 min/wk), self-monitoring, and motivational support, decreased the incidence of diabetes by 6.2 cases per 100 person-years during a 3-year period. Metformin decreased the risk of diabetes among individuals with prediabetes by 3.2 cases per 100 person-years during 3 years. Metformin is most effective for women with prior gestational diabetes and for individuals younger than 60 years with body mass index of 35 or greater, fasting plasma glucose level of 110 mg/dL or higher, or HbA1c level of 6.0% or higher.

Conclusions and Relevance

Prediabetes is associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and mortality. First-line therapy for prediabetes is lifestyle modification that includes weight loss and exercise or metformin. Lifestyle modification is associated with a larger benefit than metformin.
Evictions and Infant and Child Health Outcomes
Authors: Ramphal Bruce , Keen Ryan , Okuzuno Sakurako S. , Ojogho Dennis , Slopen Natalie
Published: April 2023

Importance

Millions of rental evictions occur in the United States each year, disproportionately affecting households with children. Increasing attention has been paid to the impact of evictions on child health outcomes.

Objective

To synthesize and assess studies examining the associations of eviction exposure with infant and child health outcomes.

Evidence Review

For this systematic review without meta-analysis, a database search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, through September 25, 2022. Included studies were peer-reviewed quantitative studies examining an association between exposure to eviction and at least 1 health outcome, both before age 18 years, including prenatal exposures and perinatal outcomes. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Data were analyzed from March 3 to December 7, 2022.

Findings

Database searches identified 266 studies, and 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Six studies examined associations between prenatal eviction and birth outcomes, such as gestational age, and each found that eviction was significantly associated with at least 1 adverse birth outcome. Five studies investigated other childhood outcomes, including neuropsychological test scores, parent-rated child health, lead testing rates, and body mass index, and among these 5 studies, 4 reported an association between eviction and adverse child health outcomes. Direct experience of eviction or residence in a neighborhood with more evictions was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in 6 studies, higher neurodevelopmental risk in 2 studies, worse parent-rated child health in 2 studies, and less lead testing in 1 study. Study designs and methods were largely robust.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review without meta-analysis of the association between evictions and child health outcomes, evidence demonstrated the deleterious associations of eviction with a range of developmental periods and domains. In the context of a rental housing affordability crisis, ongoing racial disparities in evictions, and continuing harm to millions of families, health care practitioners and policy makers have an integral role to play in supporting safe, stable housing for all.