bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Extended Definitions
Authors: Zhao Tieyu , Chi Yingying
Published: August 2024

The weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) has always been considered a development of the discrete fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). This paper points out that the WFRFT is a discrete FRFT of eigenvalue decomposition, which will change the consistent understanding of the WFRFT. Extended definitions based on the WFRFT have been proposed and widely used in information processing. This paper proposes a unified framework for extended definitions, and existing extended definitions can serve as special cases of this unified framework. In further analysis, we find that the existing extended definitions are deficient. With the help of a unified framework, we systematically analyze the reasons for the deficiencies. This has great guiding significance for the application of the WFRFT and its extended definitions.
The IXPE Science of Pulsars and Their Nebulae
Authors: Bucciantini Niccolò , Romani Roger W. , Xie Fei , Wong Josephine
Published: August 2024

Pulsars (PSRs) and Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) form some of the most interesting high-energy astrophysical systems. Their prominent synchrotron emission makes them ideal candidates for polarimetry. Here, after briefly summarizing the scientific rationale underpinning the importance of their polarimetric studies, we review the current status and achievements obtained by the IXPE mission. For the first time, we have space- and phase-resolved X-ray data that allow us to set constraints on the geometry and level of turbulence of the magnetic field which, in turn, can help us to better understand which acceleration and radiation model(s) might be at work in these systems. Interestingly, PWNe show a large variety in terms of polarization degree that might indicate key physical differences, still to be further investigated.
X-ray Polarimetry of X-ray Pulsars
Authors: Poutanen Juri , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Forsblom Sofia V.
Published: August 2024

Radiation from X-ray pulsars (XRPs) was expected to be strongly linearly polarized owing to a large difference in their ordinary and extraordinary mode opacities. The launch of IXPE allowed us to check this prediction. IXPE observed a dozen X-ray pulsars, discovering pulse-phase dependent variation of the polarization degree (PD) and polarization angle (PA). Although the PD showed rather erratic profiles resembling flux pulse dependence, the PA in most cases showed smooth variations consistent with the rotating vector model (RVM), which can be interpreted as a combined effect of vacuum birefringence and dipole magnetic field structure at a polarization-limiting (adiabatic) radius. Application of the RVM allowed us to determine XRP geometry and to confirm the free precession of the NS in Her X-1. Deviations from RVM in two bright transients led to the discovery of an unpulsed polarized emission likely produced by scattering off the accretion disk wind.
Synthesis of Flexible Polyamide Aerogels Cross-Linked with a Tri-Isocyanate
Authors: Scheiman Daniel A. , Guo Haiquan , Oosterbaan Katherine J. , McCorkle Linda , Nguyen Baochau N.
Published: August 2024

A new series of flexible polyamide (PA) aerogels was synthesized using terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) and cross-linked with an inexpensive, commercially available tri-isocyanate (Desmodur N3300A) at polymer concentrations of 6–8 wt.% total solids and repeating units, n, from 30 to 60. The cross-linked DMBZ-based polyamide aerogels obtained, after supercritically drying using liquid CO2, had shrinkages of 19–27% with densities ranging from 0.12 g/cm3 to 0.22 g/cm3, porosity and surface areas up to 91% and 309 m2/g, respectively, and modulus values ranging from 20.6 to 109 MPa. Evidence suggests that a higher flexibility could be achieved using DMBZ in the polyamide backbone with N3300A as a cross-linker, when compared to previously reported TPC-mPDA-BTC PA aerogels, N3300A-polyimide aerogels, and N3300-reinforced silica aerogels.
Vegetation, Climate and Habitability in the Marseille Basin (SE France) circa 1 Ma
Authors: Andrieu Valérie , Rochette Pierre , Fournier François , Demory François , Robles Mary , Peyron Odile , Fauquette Séverine , Charrat Eliane , Magniez Pierre , Gambin Belinda , De Coignac Samuel Benoît
Published: August 2024

The environment of the Marseille basin in the Early Pleistocene was reconstructed through a multiproxy study of fluvial tufa deposits. Palaeomagnetic measurements revealed the Jaramillo subchron and dated the tufa to within the 0.8–1.5 Ma interval, probably between 0.9 and1.2 Ma. Sedimentological studies show varied depositional environments comprising natural dams formed by accumulations of plants promoting the development of upstream water bodies. The very negative δ13C values indicate that the Marseille tufa is not travertine sensu stricto but tufa deposited by local cold-water rivers. Palynological analyses indicate a semi-forested, diverse, mosaic vegetation landscape dominated by a Mediterranean pine and oak forest. Along the streams, the riparian forest was diverse and included Juglans, Castanea, Platanus and Vitis. The potential diet reconstructed from pollen was varied. The most surprising discovery was the presence of proto-cereals, which could potentially enrich the diet with carbohydrates. The identification of spores of coprophilous fungi seems to indicate the presence in situ of large herbivore herds. It is possible that, as in Anatolia, the disturbance of ecosystems by large herbivores was responsible for the genetic mutation of Poaceae and the appearance of proto-cereals. Climatic reconstructions indicate a slightly cooler and wetter climate than the present.
Impact of Social Support and Self-Efficacy on Activity of Daily Living among Post-Stroke Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nahari Ahmed , Alsaleh Ali Matoug
Published: August 2024

This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore the impact of social support and self-efficacy on activity of daily living (ADL) among post-stroke patients in Saudi Arabia and investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy. Data were collected from 158 post-stroke patients across six healthcare facilities in three regions of Saudi Arabia using convenience sampling, between February 2023 and July 2023. The analysis included descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and linear regression using bootstrap methods. PROCESS Macro was used for the mediation model. This study revealed that most participants had high ADL, social support, and self-efficacy levels. Significant negative associations were found between ADL and age (p < 0.001), time since stroke (p = 0.009), and stroke history (p < 0.001), while significant positive associations were observed with educational background (p = 0.049), employment status (p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (p < 0.001). ADL in post-stroke patients was significantly influenced negatively by age (p = 0.025), time since stroke (p = 0.027), and stroke history (p < 0.001), while self-efficacy (p < 0.001) had a positive impact and moderated the relationship between social support and ADL. This study highlights the physical and psychosocial aspects affecting post-stroke patients, identifies key areas for enhancing their experiences, and informs the development of targeted interventions to address their comprehensive needs.
Genome-Wide Isolation of VIN Gene Family and Functional Identification of HpVIN4 in Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Zheng Qian-Ming , Wang Hong-Lin , Yan Shuang , Xie Pu
Published: August 2024

Soluble sugars, including glucose, fructose and sucrose, are the most important determinants that affect the flavor and quality of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit. Vacuolar invertase (VIN), which catalyzes sucrose hydrolysis into glucose and fructose, is a key type of enzyme responsible for soluble sugar metabolism in plant growth and development. Herein, we conducted genome-wide identification, gene expression analysis, subcellular localization and an enzymatic properties assay for the VIN-encoding genes from red pitaya. During red pitaya fruit development towards ripening, the enzymatic activities of VIN showed an up-regulated trend towards ripening. In total, four isoforms (HpVIN1–4) of the VIN-encoding gene were identified from the pitaya genome. Sequence alignment results revealed that the HpVIN1, HpVIN3 and HpVIN4 proteins contained essential motifs for targeting the vacuole and conserved motifs or residues responsible for sucrose binding and hydrolysis. Gene expression pattern analyses revealed that the level of HpVIN4 was obviously increasing during fruit development and acted as the most abundant VIN isoform towards ripening. Subcellular localization detection via transient expression in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts revealed that the HpVIN4 protein was localized in the vacuole. Growth complementation tests of heterologous expression in the invertase-deficient baker’s yeast strain suggested that the HpVIN4 protein had a sucrose hydrolysis activity and could restore the yeast growth in vivo. The identification of enzymatic properties in vitro demonstrated that the HpVIN4 protein could degrade sucrose into glucose and fructose with an optimum pH of 4.0. Specifically, the HpVIN4 protein had an estimated Km value of 5.15 ± 1.03 mmol·L−1 for sucrose hydrolysis. Ultimately, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential roles of VINs during fruit development and towards ripening and provides functional gene resources for regulating soluble sugar accumulation in red pitaya fruit.
A Comparison of Semi-Solid, Liquid, and Temporary Immersion Bioreactor Systems for Effective Plant Regeneration of Gerbera jamesonii “Shy Pink”
Authors: Lim Myeong-Jin , Han Jong-Eun , Murthy Hosakatte Niranjana , Song Hyun-Young , Lee Su-Young , Park So-Young
Published: August 2024

Temporary immersion system (TIS) cultures are reported to be superior when compared to semi-solid (SS) and liquid (LQ) cultures for the in vitro plant regeneration of many plant species. In the present study, we used a TIS for plant regeneration of Gerbera jemesonii “Shy Pink” and compared the results with that of SS and LQ cultures. The number of shoots regenerated in the SS, LQ, and TIS cultures was 6.93, 3.13, and 3.03, respectively. The shoots regenerated with the SS and LQ cultures demonstrated 3.33 and 4.22% hyperhydricity, whereas the shoots regenerated with the TIS were healthy even though the number of shoots regenerated was less. The plantlets regenerated with the TIS demonstrated higher values for the number of roots, root length, biomass of the plantlets, leaf length/width, and area compared to the SS and LQ cultures. When the G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” plants were regenerated using the TIS, their levels of photosynthetic pigments were highest. The number of stomata on the abaxial surface of their leaves was 11.40, and the frequency of closed stomata was 59% for the plants regenerated with the TIS. The number of stomata was 21.4 and 14.5 for the plants regenerated with the SS and LQ cultures, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of closed stomata was 13% and 15% for the plants regenerated with SS and LQ cultures. Furthermore, G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” showed the highest survival of plants when regenerated in the TIS compared to SS and LQ cultures. The TIS was found to be the most suitable culture system for plant regeneration of G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” compared to SS and LQ cultures.
Analysis of Hospital Safety and Risk of Falls in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Leane Macêdo de , Lira Letície Batista , Oliveira Lairton Batista de , Mendes Annarelly Morais , Pereira Francisco Gilberto Fernandes , Galiza Francisca Tereza de , Pereira Lívia Carvalho , Machado Ana Larissa Gomes
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed hospital safety and the risk of falls in elderly people in a university hospital in Brazil. The Morse Falls Scale was used to stratify the risk of falls in 45 hospitalized elderly individuals, and two checklists were used to analyze the hospital environment. The analysis was based on the Chi-square test and multiple regression. The moderate risk of falls was predominant (51.1%). The variable age group (p-value = 0.024) showed statistical evidence of association with the risk of falls. However, the multiple regression analysis showed no difference between the age groups and the risk situation for falls. The hospital wards showed an adequate arrangement of furniture, but some aspects had inadequacies, such as objects in the corridors, non-functional bells in some beds, inadequacy of the toilet bowls in terms of the recommended height, and an absence of non-slip flooring and the support bar in some bathrooms. In conclusion, the moderate risk of falls among the elderly and the adequacy of the hospital environment to technical standards were evident with the exception of failures in the emergency communication system and sanitary installation.
Energy-Dense and Low-Fiber Dietary Pattern May Be a Key Contributor to the Rising Obesity Rates in Brazil
Authors: Alves Iuna Arruda , Jessri Mahsa , Monteiro Luana Silva , Gomes Luiz Eduardo da Silva , Lopes Taís de Souza , Yokoo Edna Massae , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosangela Alves
Published: August 2024

Hybrid methods are a suitable option for extracting dietary patterns associated with health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns of Brazilian adults (20–59 years old; n = 28,153) related to dietary components associated with the risk of obesity. Data from the 2017–2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey were analyzed. Food consumption was obtained through 24 h recall. Dietary patterns were extracted using partial least squares regression, using energy density (ED), percentage of total fat (%TF), and fiber density (FD) as response variables. In addition, 32 food groups were established as predictor variables in the model. The first dietary pattern, named as energy-dense and low-fiber (ED-LF), included with the positive factor loadings solid fats, breads, added-sugar beverages, fast foods, sauces, pasta, and cheeses, and negative factor loadings rice, beans, vegetables, water, and fruits (≥|0.15|). Higher adherence to the ED-LF dietary pattern was observed for individuals >40 years old from urban areas, in the highest income level, who were not on a diet, reported away-from-home food consumption, and having ≥1 snack/day. The dietary pattern characterized by a low intake of fruits, vegetables, and staple foods and a high intake of fast foods and sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to the obesity scenario in Brazil.
Neural Correlates of Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sudati Isabella Pessóta , Damiano Diane , Rovai Gabriela , de Campos Ana Carolina
Published: August 2024

Recent advances in brain mapping tools have enabled the study of brain activity during functional tasks, revealing neuroplasticity after early brain injuries and resulting from rehabilitation. Understanding the neural correlates of mobility limitations is crucial for treating individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim is to summarize the neural correlates of mobility in children with CP and to describe the brain mapping methods that have been utilized in the existing literature. This systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO (n° CRD42021240296). The literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases. Observational studies involving participants with CP, with a mean age of up to 18 years, that utilized brain mapping techniques and correlated these with mobility outcomes were included. The results were analyzed in terms of sample characteristics, brain mapping methods, mobility measures, and main results. The risk of bias was evaluated using a checklist previously created by our research group, based on STROBE guidelines, the Cochrane Handbook, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 15 studies comprising 313 children with CP and 229 with typical development using both static and mobile techniques met the inclusion criteria. The studies indicate that children”with’CP have increased cerebral activity and higher variability in brain reorganization during mobility activities, such as gait, quiet standing, cycling, and gross motor tasks when compared with children with typical development. Altered brain activity and reorganization underline the importance of conducting more studies to investigate the neural correlates during mobility activities in children with CP. Such information could guide neurorehabilitation strategies targeting brain neuroplasticity for functional gains.
Development of Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Diamond-like Carbon or Diamond-like Carbon-Based Coatings
Authors: Fujii Yasuhiro , Nakatani Tatsuyuki , Ousaka Daiki , Oozawa Susumu , Sasai Yasushi , Kasahara Shingo
Published: August 2024

The medical device market is a high-growth sector expected to sustain an annual growth rate of over 5%, even in developed countries. Daily, numerous patients have medical devices implanted or inserted within their bodies. While medical devices have significantly improved patient outcomes, as foreign objects, their wider use can lead to an increase in device-related infections, thereby imposing a burden on healthcare systems. Multiple materials with significant societal impact have evolved over time: the 19th century was the age of iron, the 20th century was dominated by silicon, and the 21st century is often referred to as the era of carbon. In particular, the development of nanocarbon materials and their potential applications in medicine are being explored, although the scope of these applications remains limited. Technological innovations in carbon materials are remarkable, and their application in medicine is expected to advance greatly. For example, diamond-like carbon (DLC) has garnered considerable attention for the development of antimicrobial surfaces. Both DLC itself and its derivatives have been reported to exhibit anti-microbial properties. This review discusses the current state of DLC-based antimicrobial surface development.
Physical Activity and Epigenetic Aging in Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Moulton Chantalle , Grazioli Elisa , Ibáñez-Cabellos José Santiago , Murri Arianna , Cerulli Claudia , Silvestri Monica , Caporossi Daniela , Pallardó Federico V. , García-Giménez José Luis , Magno Stefano , Rossi Cristina , Duranti Guglielmo , Mena-Molla Salvador , Parisi Attilio , Dimauro Ivan
Published: August 2024

Biological age, reflecting the cumulative damage in the body over a lifespan, is a dynamic measure more indicative of individual health than chronological age. Accelerated aging, when biological age surpasses chronological age, is implicated in poorer clinical outcomes, especially for breast cancer (BC) survivors undergoing treatments. This preliminary study investigates the impact of a 16-week online supervised physical activity (PA) intervention on biological age in post-surgery female BC patients. Telomere length was measured using qPCR, and the ELOVL2-based epigenetic clock was assessed via DNA methylation pyrosequencing of the ELOVL2 promoter region. Telomere length remained unchanged, but the ELOVL2 epigenetic clock indicated a significant decrease in biological age in the PA group, suggesting the potential of PA interventions to reverse accelerated aging processes in BC survivors. The exercise group showed improved cardiovascular fitness, highlighting PA’s health impact. Finally, the reduction in biological age, as measured by the ELOVL2 epigenetic clock, was significantly associated with improvements in cardiovascular fitness and handgrip strength, supporting improved recovery. Epigenetic clocks can potentially assess health status and recovery progress in BC patients, identifying at-risk individuals in clinical practice. This study provides potential and valuable insights into how PA benefits BC survivors’ health, supporting the immediate benefits of a 16-week exercise intervention in mitigating accelerated aging. The findings could suggest a holistic approach to improving the health and recovery of post-surgery BC patients.
Design of Novel Membranes for the Efficient Separation of Bee Alarm Pheromones in Portable Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometric Systems
Authors: Armaković Stevan , Ilić Daria , Brkić Boris
Published: August 2024

Bee alarm pheromones are essential molecules that are present in beehives when some threats occur in the bee population. In this work, we have applied multilevel modeling techniques to understand molecular interactions between representative bee alarm pheromones and polymers such as polymethyl siloxane (PDMS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and their blend. This study aimed to check how these interactions can be manipulated to enable efficient separation of bee alarm pheromones in portable membrane inlet mass spectrometric (MIMS) systems using new membranes. The study involved the application of powerful computational atomistic methods based on a combination of modern semiempirical (GFN2-xTB), first principles (DFT), and force-field calculations. As a fundamental work material for the separation of molecules, we considered the PDMS polymer, a well-known sorbent material known to be applicable for light polar molecules. To improve its applicability as a sorbent material for heavier polar molecules, we considered two main factors—temperature and the addition of PEG polymer. Additional insights into molecular interactions were obtained by studying intrinsic reactive properties and noncovalent interactions between bee alarm pheromones and PDMS and PEG polymer chains.
Research Progress on Heat Stress Response Mechanism and Control Measures in Medicinal Plants
Authors: Zhu Ziwei , Bao Ying , Yang Yixi , Zhao Qi , Li Rui
Published: August 2024

Medicinal plants play a pivotal role in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology due to their various bioactive compounds. However, heat stress caused by climate change will seriously affect the survival and quality of medicinal plants. In this review, we update our understanding of the research progress on medicinal plants’ response mechanisms and control measures under heat stress over the last decade. This includes physiological changes, molecular mechanisms, and technical means to improve the heat tolerance of medicinal plants under heat stress. It provides a reference for cultivating heat-resistant varieties of medicinal plants and the rational utilization of control measures to improve the heat resistance of medicinal plants.
Focal Adhesion Maturation Responsible for Behavioral Changes in Human Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts on Fibrillar Substrates
Authors: Zhurenkov Kirill E. , Lobov Arseniy A. , Bildyug Natalya B. , Alexander-Sinclair Elga I. , Darvish Diana M. , Lomert Ekaterina V. , Kriger Daria V. , Zainullina Bozhana R. , Chabina Alina S. , Khorolskaya Julia I. , Perepletchikova Daria A. , Blinova Miralda I. , Mikhailova Natalia A.
Published: August 2024

The functioning of the human cornea heavily relies on the maintenance of its extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties. Within this context, corneal stromal fibroblasts (CSFs) are essential, as they are responsible for remodeling the corneal ECM. In this study, we used a decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM) and a custom fibrillar collagen film (FCF) to explore the effects of fibrillar materials on human CSFs. Our findings indicate that substrates like FCF can enhance the early development of focal adhesions (FAs), leading to the activation and propagation of mechanotransduction signals. This is primarily achieved through FAK autophosphorylation and YAP1 nuclear translocation pathways. Remarkably, inhibiting FAK autophosphorylation negated the observed changes. Proteome analysis further confirmed the central role of FAs in mechanotransduction propagation in CSFs cultured on FCF. This analysis also highlighted complex signaling pathways, including chromatin epigenetic modifications, in response to fibrillar substrates. Overall, our research highlights the potential pathways through which CSFs undergo behavioral changes when exposed to fibrillar substrates, identifying FAs as essential mechanotransducers.
Association of Inflammation and Immune Cell Infiltration with Estrogen Receptor Alpha in an Estrogen and Ionizing Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Koning Tania , Calaf Gloria M.
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the world, and it is the primary cause of cancer death for women. The risk of breast cancer is increased by endogenous factors like hormones and exogenous factors like radiation exposure that causes damage to the mammary epithelial cells leading to an inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation creates a microenvironment composed of, among other factors, chemokines, and interleukins, which promote cancer. The gene expression of the interleukin 1 receptor type 1, the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, the Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein, the interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5, and the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 were analyzed in an estrogen and radiation experimental breast cancer model. Furthermore, the expression of these genes was correlated with immune cell infiltration, estrogen receptor expression, and their clinical relevance in breast cancer patients based on data provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas database online. Results given by the experimental breast cancer model showed that all genes related to inflammation respond to ionizing radiation alone or in combination with estrogen. On the other hand, the immune response depended on the breast cancer type and on the expression of the gene that encoded the estrogen receptor. Finally, the importance of the expression of these genes in breast cancer is such that high IL1R1 or IL1RAP is strongly related to patient survival. These findings may help to improve the understanding of the role of immune molecules in carcinogenesis and enhance therapeutic approaches.
Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis and Peritoneal Membrane Dysfunction in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Ito Yasuhiko , Sun Ting , Tawada Mitsuhiro , Kinashi Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Makoto , Katsuno Takayuki , Kim Hangsoo , Mizuno Masashi , Ishimoto Takuji
Published: August 2024

The characteristic feature of chronic peritoneal damage in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a decline in ultrafiltration capacity associated with pathological fibrosis and angiogenesis. The pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis is attributed to bioincompatible factors of PD fluid and peritonitis. Uremia is associated with peritoneal membrane inflammation that affects fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, and baseline peritoneal membrane function. Net ultrafiltration volume is affected by capillary surface area, vasculopathy, peritoneal fibrosis, and lymphangiogenesis. Many inflammatory cytokines induce fibrogenic growth factors, with crosstalk between macrophages and fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A are the key mediators of fibrosis and angiogenesis, respectively. Bioincompatible factors of PD fluid upregulate TGF-β expression by mesothelial cells that contributes to the development of fibrosis. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis can progress during fibrosis via TGF-β–VEGF-A/C pathways. Complement activation occurs in fungal peritonitis and progresses insidiously during PD. Analyses of the human peritoneal membrane have clarified the mechanisms by which encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis develops. Different effects of dialysates on the peritoneal membrane were also recognized, particularly in terms of vascular damage. Understanding the pathophysiologies of the peritoneal membrane will lead to preservation of peritoneal membrane function and improvements in technical survival, mortality, and quality of life for PD patients.
Relationship between Pyochelin and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Direction for Future Research
Authors: Ma Xin , Zeng Jing , Xiao Wei , Li Wenwen , Cheng Juanli , Lin Jinshui
Published: August 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that requires iron to survive in the host; however, the host immune system limits the availability of iron. Pyochelin (PCH) is a major siderophore produced by P. aeruginosa during infection, which can help P. aeruginosa survive in an iron-restricted environment and cause infection. The infection activity of P. aeruginosa is regulated by the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) quorum-sensing system. The system uses 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS) or its precursor, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), as the signal molecule. PQS can control specific life processes such as mediating quorum sensing, cytotoxicity, and iron acquisition. This review summarizes the biosynthesis of PCH and PQS, the shared transport system of PCH and PQS, and the regulatory relationship between PCH and PQS. The correlation between the PQS and PCH is emphasized to provide a new direction for future research.
Anti-TCP1 Antibody Is a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Lee Sang-Won , Baek Wook-Young , Park So-Won , Chung Jee-Min , Park Ji-Hyun , Kang Ho Chul , Jung Ju-Yang , Suh Chang-Hee
Published: August 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by autoantibodies. Serum samples from patients with SLE (n = 10) were compared with those from normal controls (NCs, n = 5) using 21K protein chip analysis to identify a biomarker for SLE, revealing 63 SLE-specific autoantibodies. The anti-chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide-1 (TCP1) antibody exhibited higher expression in patients with SLE than in NCs. To validate the specificity of the anti-TCP1 antibody in SLE, dot blot analysis was conducted using sera from patients with SLE (n = 100), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 25), Behçet’s disease (BD; n = 28), and systemic sclerosis (SSc; n = 30) and NCs (n = 50). The results confirmed the detection of anti-TCP1 antibodies in 79 of 100 patients with SLE, with substantially elevated expression compared to both NCs and patients with other autoimmune diseases. We performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the relative amounts of anti-TCP1 antibodies; markedly elevated anti-TCP1 antibody levels were detected in the sera of patients with SLE (50.1 ± 17.3 arbitrary unit (AU), n = 251) compared to those in NCs (33.9 ± 9.3 AU), RA (35 ± 8.7 AU), BD (37.5 ± 11.6 AU), and SSc (43 ± 11.9 AU). These data suggest that the anti-TCP1 antibody is a potential diagnostic biomarker for SLE.
Intrinsic Mechanism of CaCl2 Alleviation of H2O2 Inhibition of Pea Primary Root Gravitropism
Authors: Wei Ruonan , Ma Lei , Ma Shaoying , Xu Ling , Ma Tingfeng , Ma Yantong , Cheng Zhen , Dang Junhong , Li Sheng , Chai Qiang
Published: August 2024

Normal root growth is essential for the plant uptake of soil nutrients and water. However, exogenous H2O2 inhibits the gravitropic growth of pea primary roots. It has been shown that CaCl2 application can alleviate H2O2 inhibition, but the exact alleviation mechanism is not clear. Therefore, the present study was carried out by combining the transcriptome and metabolome with a view to investigate in depth the mechanism of action of exogenous CaCl2 to alleviate the inhibition of pea primordial root gravitropism by H2O2. The results showed that the addition of CaCl2 (10 mmol·L−1) under H2O2 stress (150 mmol·L−1) significantly increased the H2O2 and starch content, decreased peroxidase (POD) activity, and reduced the accumulation of sugar metabolites and lignin in pea primary roots. Down-regulated genes regulating peroxidase, respiratory burst oxidase, and lignin synthesis up-regulated PGM1, a key gene for starch synthesis, and activated the calcium and phytohormone signaling pathways. In summary, 10 mmol·L−1 CaCl2 could alleviate H2O2 stress by modulating the oxidative stress response, signal transduction, and starch and lignin accumulation within pea primary roots, thereby promoting root gravitropism. This provides new insights into the mechanism by which CaCl2 promotes the gravitropism of pea primary roots under H2O2 treatment.
Polysilane–Barium Titanate Polymeric Composite Obtained through Ultrasonication
Authors: Rotaru Răzvan , Fortună Maria Emiliana , Ungureanu Elena , Sacarescu Liviu
Published: August 2024

This work describes the synthesis of a polysilane (PSH)–barium titanate (BT) ferroelectric polymer composite that keeps stable in the presence of ultraviolet light (UV). To evaluate the stability in the presence of UV radiation and the mechanism of interaction between the PSH matrix and BT, FTIR measurements were carried out. The UV/VIS absorption measurement reveals that PSH absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet range, while the composite behaves similarly to BT. Although PSH is a semiconductor, the dielectric spectrometry analysis determined that BT is a ferroelectric material due to its high dielectric constant and low dielectric losses. In contrast to the polymer matrix, the composite polymer has a greater dielectric constant and a lower loss permittivity. PSH is a semiconductor, as indicated by its electrical conductivity of 10−5 S/cm; nevertheless, the UV-irradiated polymer has antistatic properties (10−8 S/cm). Irradiated or not, the polymer composite is a semiconductor, with conductivity of 10−6 S/cm, significantly lower than that of PSH. The interaction with electromagnetic radiation indicates electromagnetic shielding behavior for both BT (highest absorption magnitude of −57 dB) and the polymer composite (maximum absorption magnitudes range from 8.4 to −15.2 dB). Based on these research results, the novel composite with specific characteristics may be used in electronic applications in UV-irradiated conditions.
The Great Saphenous Vein Proximal Part: Branches, Anatomical Variations, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice and Venous Reflux Surgery
Authors: Munteanu Krisztina , Ghirlea Ovidiu , Breban-Schwarzkopf Daniel , Dănilă Alexandra-Ioana , Iacob Roxana-Georgeta , Petrache Ioan Adrian , Cozma Gabriel Veniamin , Bordianu Anca , Bolintineanu Sorin Lucian
Published: August 2024

The anatomical variations in the lower limb veins play a critical role in venous reflux surgeries. This study presents an analysis of the great saphenous vein (GSV) proximal part’s anatomical peculiarities, with 257 patients included, who were operated for venous reflux. This study highlighted a progressive increase in the GSV diameter in conjunction with the complexity of the anatomical variations, ranging from no tributaries to more than five tributaries, an anterior accessory GSV, or venous aneurysms. Statistical analysis evidenced this expansion to be significantly correlated with the variations. Additionally, the progression of the chronic venous disease (CVD) stages was notably more prevalent in the complex anatomical variations, suggesting a nuanced interplay between the GSV anatomy and CVD severity. Conclusively, our research articulates the paramount importance of recognizing GSV anatomical variations in optimizing surgical outcomes for CVD patients. These insights not only pave the way for enhanced diagnostic accuracy but also support the strategic framework within which surgical and interventional treatments are devised, advocating for personalized approaches to venous reflux surgery.
Surgical Outcomes in Octogenarians with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction following Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting—A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Rustenbach Christian Jörg , Sandoval Boburg Rodrigo , Radwan Medhat , Haeberle Helene , Charotte Christophe , Djordjevic Ilija , Wendt Stefanie , Caldonazo Tulio , Saqer Ibrahim , Saha Shekhar , Schnackenburg Philipp , Serna-Higuita Lina Maria , Doenst Torsten , Hagl Christian , Wahlers Thorsten , Schlensak Christian , Reichert Stefan
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: The demographic shift towards an aging population necessitates a reevaluation of surgical interventions like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in octogenarians. This study aims to elucidate the outcomes of CABG in octogenarians with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), a group traditionally considered at high risk for such procedures. Methods: Conducted across four academic hospitals in Germany from 2017 to 2023, this retrospective multicenter study assessed 100 patients (50 octogenarians ≥80 years and 50 non-octogenarians <80 years) with HFrEF undergoing isolated CABG. Through propensity score matching, the study aimed to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), as well as other clinical endpoints, between the two groups. Statistical analyses included chi-square, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U test, Cox regression, and logistic regression, aiming to identify significant differences in outcomes. Results: The study revealed no significant difference in the combined incidence of MACCEs between octogenarians and non-octogenarians (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.174–3.576, p = 0.759). Mortality rates were similar across groups (7% each, p = 1.000), as were occurrences of postoperative myocardial infarction (2% each, p = 1.000) and stroke (3% total). Secondary outcomes like delirium (17% total, no significant age group difference, p = 0.755), acute kidney injury (18% total, p = 0.664), and the need for dialysis (14% total, p = 1.000) also showed no differences between age groups. Interestingly, non-octogenarians required more packed red blood cells during their stay (p = 0.008), while other postoperative care metrics, such as hospital and ICU length of stay and ventilation hours, were comparable across groups. Conclusion: This multicenter study highlights that CABG is a viable and safe surgical option for octogenarians with HFrEF, challenging prior assumptions about the elevated risks associated with performing this procedure in older patients. The absence of significant differences in the incidence of MACCEs and other postoperative complications across age groups emphasizes the importance of careful patient selection and perioperative management. These findings advocate for a more inclusive approach to surgical treatment for octogenarians with HFrEF, suggesting that age alone should not be a determinant for CABG eligibility. This study contributes critical insights into optimizing care for a high-risk demographic, indicating a need for tailored guidelines that accommodate the aging population with complex cardiac conditions.
Uterine Endometrium Microbiome in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure Complicated by Endometriosis
Authors: Ono Yosuke , Kobayashi Yuta , Shimada Shigeki , Fukushi Yoshiyuki , Yoshino Osamu , Wada Shinichiro , Yamada Hideto
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This prospective study evaluated whether endometriosis is associated with chronic endometritis (CE) and affects the uterine endometrium microbiome (UEM) in women with repeated implantation failure (RIF). Methods: Forty-three women with RIF were divided into 12 with endometriosis (EM) and 31 without endometriosis (non-EM). The UEM was examined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, and CE was determined by CD 138 staining (plasma cells > 5.15/10 mm2) simultaneously. Results: The EM group had a higher bacterial number (EM vs. non-EM; median [range], 6.5 vs. 3 [3–11, 1–16], p = 0.009), while the frequency of Lactobacillus species did not change. The rates of presence of Dialister (41.7% [5/12] vs. 3.3% [1/31], p = 0.004) and Streptococcus species (58.3% [7/12] vs. 16.1% [5/31], p = 0.017) were higher in the EM group. The prevalence of CE did not differ between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of Dialister species (odds ratio, 10.97, 95% confidence interval, 1.17–249.37, p = 0.036) was associated with endometriosis. In the EM group, five women with Dialister species had a higher number of bacterial species (10 vs. 5 [6–11, 3–7], p = 0.021) and higher Shannon diversity index (0.50 vs. 0.20 [0.19–1.39, 0.03–0.46], p = 0.026) than seven without Dialister species. Conclusions: Dialister and Streptococcus species, and the increased number of bacterial species in UEM may be related to the pathogenesis of RIF complicated by endometriosis.
A Novel Suture-Based Vascular Closure Device to Achieve Hemostasis after Venous or Arterial Access While Leaving Nothing behind: A Review of the Technological Assessment and Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Yazdani Saami K. , Shedd Omer , Christy George , Teeslink Rex
Published: August 2024

Vascular hemostasis after venous and arterial access in cardiovascular procedures remains a challenge. As sheath size gets larger for structural heart and vascular procedures, no dedicated closure devices exist that can overcome all the challenges of achieving vascular hemostasis, in particular on the venous side. Efficiently and reliably ensuring hemostasis at the access point is crucial for enhancing the safety of a procedure. Historically, hemostasis relied on manually compressing venous access sites. However, the shift towards larger sheaths and the more frequent use of continuous anticoagulation has strained this approach. Achieving hemostasis solely through compression in these scenarios demands heightened vigilance and prolonged application, resulting in increased patient discomfort and extended immobility. Consequently, manual compression may consume more time for healthcare providers and contribute to bed occupancy in hospitals. This review article summarizes the development of the SiteSeal® Vascular Closure Device, a novel leave-nothing-behind approach to achieve hemostasis. The introduction of this technology has provided clinicians with a safer and more effective way to achieve immediate hemostasis, facilitate early ambulation, and enable earlier discharges with fewer access site complications compared with traditional manual compression.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Gross-Motor-Based Interventions for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alghadier Mshari , Alhusayni Abdullah I.
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This review quantitatively evaluates the effectiveness of gross-motor-based interventions in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), examining treatment aspects such as group interventions, therapy duration, and frequency. Methods: A systematic literature review, spanning January 2010 to December 2022, identified 11 relevant articles involving 492 children. Results: Positive outcomes were observed, with a moderate to large overall effect size (Cohen’s d) indicating significant improvements in motor function through strategies emphasizing activity, bodily function, games, and small group events. Notably, interventions targeting complex motor skills were crucial for enhancing preparedness and activity engagement, improving fitness, and preventing obesity in children with DCD. Conclusions: The review underscores the effectiveness of activity-oriented and body-function-focused therapies in enhancing motor skills and functioning, emphasizing the need for interventions aligned with real-world activities. Future research should explore the long-term effects and retention of motor improvements, offering valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to promote overall well-being in children with DCD.
Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Breast Cancer
Authors: Winkler Marie-Christin , Hetjens Svetlana
Published: August 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in many countries. Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. This study investigates the possible influencing factors and preventive measures for breast cancer. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from WHO databases. First, age standardization was performed, followed by a correlation analysis. Relationships between the mortality rates of breast cancer and the possible influencing factors were analyzed. The significant results from the correlation analysis were analyzed using a stepwise regression analysis. In order to find out whether the application of a uniform screening program can reduce breast cancer mortality, the countries were divided into groups according to the time of initiation of the screening program, and breast cancer mortality was compared. Results: The correlation analysis showed a significant relationship with breast cancer mortality for 15 of 30 potential influencing factors. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis was performed with these 15 factors, which revealed 13 relevant factors. Two factors were more relevant: the number of radiotherapy units per 100,000 inhabitants and the proportion of the population (over 50 years of age) with a social network. These were followed by the proportion of general practitioners and obstetricians, as well as healthcare expenses. Breast cancer mortality differed between the countries that introduced the screening program in the 1990s and those that did so in the 2020s. Conclusions: A country’s healthcare system influences breast cancer mortality through prevention, diagnosis. and treatment. Regular screening, counseling for socially disadvantaged women, and prompt treatment are important factors. In the future, prevention measures should also aim to strengthen the social environment. The prescription of social activities should be used as preventive care.
Basal Linear Deposit: Normal Physiological Ageing or a Defining Lesion of Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Authors: Thananjeyan Akshaya Lakshmi , Arnold Jennifer , Lee Mitchell , Au Cheryl , Pye Victoria , Madigan Michele C. , Cherepanoff Svetlana
Published: August 2024

Objective: To determine if basal linear deposit (BLinD) is a specific lesion of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: The cohort was selected from a clinically and histopathologically validated archive (Sarks Archive) and consisted of 10 normal eyes (age 55–80 years) without any macular basal laminar deposit (BLamD) (Sarks Group I) and 16 normal aged eyes (age 57–88 years) with patchy BLamD (Sarks Group II). Only eyes with in vivo fundus assessment and corresponding high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of the macula were included. Semithin sections and fellow-eye paraffin sections were additionally examined. BLinD was defined as a diffuse layer of electron-lucent vesicles external to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) basement membrane by TEM and was graded as follows: (i) Grade 0, absence of a continuous layer; (ii) Grade 1, a continuous layer up to three times the thickness of the RPE basement membrane (0.9 µm); (iii) Grade 2, a continuous layer greater than 0.9 µm. Bruch’s membrane (BrM) hyalinisation and RPE abnormalities were determined by light microscopic examination of corresponding semithin and paraffin sections. Results: BLinD was identified in both normal (30%) and normal aged (62.5%) eyes. BLinD was thicker in normal aged eyes (p = 0.045; 95% CI 0.04–3.4). BLinD thickness positively correlated with both the degree of BrM hyalinisation (p = 0.049; 95% CI 0.05–2.69) and increasing microscopic RPE abnormalities (p = 0.022; 95% CI 0.188–2.422). RPE abnormalities were more likely to be observed in eyes with increased BrM hyalinisation (p = 0.044; 95% CI 0.61–4.319). Conclusions: BLinD is most likely an age-related deposit rather than a specific lesion of AMD. Its accumulation is associated with increasing BrM hyalinisation and microscopic RPE abnormalities, suggesting a relationship with dysregulated RPE metabolism and/or transport.