bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong in-plane scattering of acoustic graphene plasmons by surface atomic steps
Authors: Zhang Ni , Luo Weiwei , Wang Lei , Fan Jiang , Wu Wei , Ren Mengxin , Zhang Xinzheng , Cai Wei , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2022

Acoustic graphene plasmons (AGPs) have ultrastrong field confinement and low loss, which have been applied for quantum effect exploration and ångström-thick material sensing. However, the exploration of in-plane scattering of AGPs is still lacking, although it is essential for the manipulation of ultraconfined optical fields down to atomic level. Here, by using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), we show that the mid-infrared AGPs can be strongly scattered by atomic level height steps, even though the step height of the scatterer is four orders of magnitude smaller than the incident free wavelength. This effect can be attributed to larger back scattering of AGPs than that of the traditional graphene plasmons. Besides, the scattering of AGPs by individual scatterers can be controlled via electrical back gating. Our work suggests a feasible way to control confined optical fields with atomic level height nanostructures, which can be used for ultra-compacted strong light–matter interactions.
Microbial-driven preterm labour involves crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune response
Authors: Chan Denise , Bennett Phillip R. , Lee Yun S. , Kundu Samit , Teoh T. G. , Adan Malko , Ahmed Saqa , Brown Richard G. , David Anna L. , Lewis Holly V. , Gimeno-Molina Belen , Norman Jane E. , Stock Sarah J. , Terzidou Vasso , Kropf Pascale , Botto Marina , MacIntyre David A. , Sykes Lynne
Published: February 2022

There has been a surge in studies implicating a role of vaginal microbiota in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), but most are associative without mechanistic insight. Here we show a comprehensive approach to understand the causative factors of preterm birth, based on the integration of longitudinal vaginal microbiota and cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) immunophenotype data collected from 133 women at high-risk of sPTB. We show that vaginal depletion of Lactobacillus species and high bacterial diversity leads to increased mannose binding lectin (MBL), IgM, IgG, C3b, C5, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β and to increased risk of sPTB. Cervical shortening, which often precedes preterm birth, is associated with Lactobacillus iners and elevated levels of IgM, C3b, C5, C5a and IL-6. These data demonstrate a role for the complement system in microbial-driven sPTB and provide a scientific rationale for the development of live biotherapeutics and complement therapeutics to prevent sPTB.
Multichannel optogenetics combined with laminar recordings for ultra-controlled neuronal interrogation
Authors: Eriksson David , Schneider Artur , Thirumalai Anupriya , Alyahyay Mansour , de la Crompe Brice , Sharma Kirti , Ruther Patrick , Diester Ilka
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous large-scale recordings and optogenetic interventions may hold the key to deciphering the fast-paced and multifaceted dialogue between neurons that sustains brain function. Here we have taken advantage of thin, cell-sized, optical fibers for minimally invasive optogenetics and flexible implantations. We describe a simple procedure for making those fibers side-emitting with a Lambertian emission distribution. Here we combined those fibers with silicon probes to achieve high-quality recordings and ultrafast multichannel optogenetic inhibition. Furthermore, we developed a multi-channel optical commutator and general-purpose patch-cord for flexible experiments. We demonstrate that our framework allows to conduct simultaneous laminar recordings and multifiber stimulations, 3D optogenetic stimulation, connectivity inference, and behavioral quantification in freely moving animals. Our framework paves the way for large-scale photo tagging and controlled interrogation of rapid neuronal communication in any combination of brain areas.
Atmospheric dryness reduces photosynthesis along a large range of soil water deficits
Authors: Fu Zheng , Ciais Philippe , Prentice I. Colin , Gentine Pierre , Makowski David , Bastos Ana , Luo Xiangzhong , Green Julia K. , Stoy Paul C. , Yang Hui , Hajima Tomohiro
Published: February 2022

Both low soil water content (SWC) and high atmospheric dryness (vapor pressure deficit, VPD) can negatively affect terrestrial gross primary production (GPP). The sensitivity of GPP to soil versus atmospheric dryness is difficult to disentangle, however, because of their covariation. Using global eddy-covariance observations, here we show that a decrease in SWC is not universally associated with GPP reduction. GPP increases in response to decreasing SWC when SWC is high and decreases only when SWC is below a threshold. By contrast, the sensitivity of GPP to an increase of VPD is always negative across the full SWC range. We further find canopy conductance decreases with increasing VPD (irrespective of SWC), and with decreasing SWC on drier soils. Maximum photosynthetic assimilation rate has negative sensitivity to VPD, and a positive sensitivity to decreasing SWC when SWC is high. Earth System Models underestimate the negative effect of VPD and the positive effect of SWC on GPP such that they should underestimate the GPP reduction due to increasing VPD in future climates.
Safinamide in the treatment pathway of Parkinson’s Disease: a European Delphi Consensus
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Antonini Angelo , Berg Daniela , Bergmans Bruno , Jost Wolfgang , Katzenschlager Regina , Kulisevsky Jaime , Odin Per , Valldeoriola Francesc , Ray Chaudhuri K.
Published: February 2022

Safinamide is a highly selective, reversible MAO B-inhibitor recently marketed in European and North American countries. To better define clinical indications regarding motor and non-motor symptoms, targeted population and safety of this compound, ten movement disorders specialists, experts in their field, convened and developed a panel of statements on: the role of glutamate in Parkinson’s disease, introduction to fluctuations, efficacy of safinamide on motor symptoms, motor complications and non-motor symptoms, quality of life, safety of safinamide and target population for use. Strong consensus was reached for all the statements on the efficacy of safinamide on motor symptoms, motor fluctuations, quality of life and safety. Among non-motor symptoms, a positive consensus was reached for the symptoms sleep/fatigue, mood, and pain while there was a lack of consensus for the statements regarding the efficacy of safinamide in improving cognition, urinary and sexual functions. The statement on orthostatic hypotension obtained a negative consensus. The consistent and large agreement reached in this Delphi panel perfectly reflects the perception of efficacy, safety and tolerability of safinamide as evident from pivotal trials and clinical practice and shows how these findings may guide movement disorders specialists in their clinical therapeutic approach. The impact of non-motor symptoms in PD is considerable, and management remains an unmet need. In this context, the ability of safinamide to impact some non-motor symptoms may represent the most promising and distinctive feature of this compound and deserves further investigations.
Large scale dataset of real space electronic charge density of cubic inorganic materials from density functional theory (DFT) calculations
Authors: Wang Fancy Qian , Choudhary Kamal , Liu Yu , Hu Jianjun , Hu Ming
Published: February 2022

Driven by the big data science, material informatics has attracted enormous research interests recently along with many recognized achievements. To acquire knowledge of materials by previous experience, both feature descriptors and databases are essential for training machine learning (ML) models with high accuracy. In this regard, the electronic charge density ρ(r), which in principle determines the properties of materials at their ground state, can be considered as one of the most appropriate descriptors. However, the systematic electronic charge density ρ(r) database of inorganic materials is still in its infancy due to the difficulties in collecting raw data in experiment and the expensive first-principles based computational cost in theory. Herein, a real space electronic charge density ρ(r) database of 17,418 cubic inorganic materials is constructed by performing high-throughput density functional theory calculations. The displayed ρ(r) patterns show good agreements with those reported in previous studies, which validates our computations. Further statistical analysis reveals that it possesses abundant and diverse data, which could accelerate ρ(r) related machine learning studies. Moreover, the electronic charge density database will also assists chemical bonding identifications and promotes new crystal discovery in experiments.
Severe conservation risks of roads on apex predators
Authors: Quintana Itxaso , Cifuentes Edgar F. , Dunnink Jeffrey A. , Ariza María , Martínez-Medina Daniela , Fantacini Felipe M. , Shrestha Bibek R. , Richard Freddie-Jeanne
Published: February 2022

The global expansion of road networks threatens apex predator conservation and ecosystem functioning. This occurs through wildlife-vehicle collisions, habitat loss and fragmentation, reduced genetic connectivity and increased poaching. We reviewed road impacts on 36 apex predator species and assessed their risk from current roads based on road exposure and species vulnerability. Our findings reveal all apex predators are exposed to road impacts. Eight of the ten species with the highest risk occur in Asia, although other high-risk species are present in the Americas, Africa and Europe. The sloth bear suffers the highest risk of all apex predators, followed by the tiger and dhole. Based on species risk from roads, we propose a widely applicable method to assess the potential impact of future roads on apex predators. We applied this method to proposed road developments in three areas: the Brazilian Amazon, Africa, and Nepal, to locate high-impact road segments. Roughly 500 protected areas will be intersected by these roads, threatening core apex predator habitats. We advocate the need for rigorous road development planning to apply effective mitigation measures as an urgent priority and to avoid construction in wilderness areas and predator strongholds.
Biomarker LEPRE1 induces pelitinib-specific drug responsiveness by regulating ABCG2 expression and tumor transition states in human leukemia and lung cancer
Authors: Lee A-Ram , Lee Sunho , Shin Jee Yoon , Kim Ji-Young , Moon Kyoung-Sik , Jung Joungsun
Published: February 2022

Biomarkers for treatment sensitivity or drug resistance used in precision medicine include prognostic and predictive molecules, critical factors in selecting appropriate treatment protocols and improving survival rates. However, identification of accurate biomarkers remain challenging due to the high risk of false-positive findings and lack of functional validation results for each biomarker. Here, we discovered a mechanical correlation between leucine proline-enriched proteoglycan 1 (LEPRE1) and pelitinib drug sensitivity using in silico statistical methods and confirmed the correlation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and A549 lung cancer cells. We determined that high LEPRE1 levels induce protein kinase B activation, overexpression of ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and E-cadherin, and cell colonization, resulting in a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Sensitivity to pelitinib increases in LEPRE1-overexpressing cells due to the reversing effect of ABCG2 upregulation. LEPRE1 silencing induces pelitinib resistance and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through actin rearrangement via a series of Src/ERK/cofilin cascades. The in silico results identified a mechanistic relationship between LEPRE1 and pelitinib drug sensitivity, confirmed in two cancer types. This study demonstrates the potential of LEPRE1 as a biomarker in cancer through in-silico prediction and in vitro experiments supporting the clinical development of personalized medicine strategies based on bioinformatics findings.
Superposition mechanism as a neural basis for understanding others
Authors: Noguchi Wataru , Iizuka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Masahito , Taguchi Shigeru
Published: February 2022

Social cognition has received much attention in fields such as neuroscience, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Theory-theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST) provide the dominant theoretical frameworks for research on social cognition. However, neither theory addresses the matter of how the concepts of “self” and “other” are acquired through the development of human and nonhuman agents. Here, we show that the internal representations of “self” and “other” can be developed in an artificial agent only through the simple predictive learning achieved by deep neural networks with thesuperposition mechanismwe herein propose. That is, social cognition can be achieved without a pre-given (or innate) framework of self and other; this is not assumed (or is at least unclear) in TT and ST. We demonstrate that the agent with the proposed model can acquire basic abilities of social cognition such as shared spatial representations of self and other, perspective-taking, and mirror-neuron-like activities of the agent’s neural network. The result indicates that the superposition mechanism we propose is a necessary condition for the development of the concepts of “self” and “other” and, hence, for the development of social cognition in general.
A novel base-metal multifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes by a multicomponent tandem oxidation process
Authors: Chahkamali Farhad Omarzehi , Sobhani Sara , Sansano Jose Miguel
Published: February 2022

A novel base-metal multifunctional nanomagnetic catalyst is prepared by the immobilization of tungstate anions onto γ-Fe2O3 supported with imidazolium moieties. The (γ-Fe2O3-Im-Py)2WO4 was fully characterized using FT-IR, XPS, TEM, FESEM, ICP, TGA, VSM and XRD and used as a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes via a multicomponent tandem oxidation process starting from alcohols under solvent-free conditions. During this process, tungstate catalyzes the oxidation of a wide range of alcohols in the presence of TBHP as a clean source. The in-situ formed aldehydes are condensed with malononitrile and β-dicarbonyl compounds/naphthols/4-hydroxycumarin through promotion by pyridine and imidazolium moieties of the catalyst. By this method, a variety of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes are generated in good to high yields from alcohols as inexpensive and easily available starting materials. The catalyst is recovered easily by the aid of an external magnetic field and reused in five successive runs with insignificant decreasing activity.
Weak antilocalization, spin–orbit interaction, and phase coherence length of a Dirac semimetal Bi0.97Sb0.03
Authors: Salawu Yusuff Adeyemi , Yun Jae Hyun , Rhyee Jong-Soo , Sasaki Minoru , Kim Heon-Jung
Published: February 2022

The present study develops a general framework for weak antilocalization (WAL) in a three-dimensional (3D) system, which can be applied for a consistent description of longitudinal resistivity $$\rho_{xx} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xx

B

and Hall resistivity $$\rho_{xy} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xy

B

over a wide temperature (T) range. Compared to the previous approach Vu et al. (Phys Rev B 100:125162, 2019), which assumes infinite phase coherence length (lϕ) and a zero spin–orbit scattering length (lSO), the present framework is more general, covering high T and the intermediate spin–orbit coupling strength. Based on the new approach, the $$\rho_{xx} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xx

B

and $$\rho_{xy} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xy

B

of the Dirac semimetal Bi0.97Sb0.03 was analyzed over a wide T range from 1.7 to 300 K. The present framework not only explains the main features of the experimental data but also enables one to estimate lϕ and lSO at different temperatures. The lϕ has a power-law T dependence at high T and saturates at low T. In contrast, the lSO shows negligible T dependence. Because of the different T dependence, a crossover occurs from the lSO-dominant low-T to the lϕ-dominant high-T regions. Accordingly, the hallmark features of weak antilocalization (WAL) in $$\rho_{xx} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xx

B

and $$\rho_{xy} \left( B \right)$$

ρ

xy

B

are gradually suppressed across the crossover with increasing T. The present theory describes both low-T and high-T regions successfully, which is impossible in the previous approximate approach. This work offers insights for understanding quantum electrical transport phenomena and their underlying physics, particularly when multiple WAL length scales are competing.
Quantitative in vivo micro-computed tomography for monitoring disease activity and treatment response in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model
Authors: Lord Audrey E. , Zhang Liang , Erickson Jamie E. , Bryant Shaughn , Nelson Christine M. , Gaudette Stephanie M. , Phillips Lucy A. , Schwartz Sterman Annette J. , Mitra Soumya
Published: February 2022

A painful, chronic condition, Rheumatoid Arthritis, is marked by bone erosion and soft tissue swelling at the joint. As treatments are investigated in pre-clinical models, characterizing disease progression is integral to assessing treatment efficacy. Here, in vivo and ex vivo micro-computed tomography (µCT) are used in parallel with traditional caliper score measurement to quantify physiological changes in the tarsal region in a murine, collagen-induced arthritis model. In vivo imaging methods, which are validated here through comparison to ex vivo and caliper methods, afford longitudinal analysis of both bone and soft tissue through a single image acquisition. This method removes the subjectivity of swelling quantification which is inherently associated with traditional caliper measurements. Histopathology offers an additional assessment of bone erosion and inflammation by providing a microscopic characterization of disease activity. In comparison to untreated animals, daily prednisolone (glucocorticoid) treatment is shown to restore bone volume, as reflected through in vivo and ex vivo µCT images, as well as histopathology. Prednisolone-associated reduction in inflammation is shown through in vivo µCT soft tissue volume measurements, paw caliper measurements, and histopathology. The findings reported here provide a comprehensive validation of in vivo µCT with a sensitivity that enables characterization of pre-clinical disease assessment in response to treatment in a murine, collagen-induced arthritis model.
Recyclable NiO/sepiolite as adsorbent to remove organic dye and its regeneration
Authors: Gao Shu , Wang Dahua , Huang Zhi , Su Chengyuan , Chen Menglin , Lin Xiangfeng
Published: February 2022

In this study, the impregnation synthesis of NiO/sepiolite and its application for dye removal during wastewater treatment is introduced. The NiO/sepiolite materials act as an adsorbent/catalyst. It comprises a unique combination of adsorption and high-temperature gas flow regeneration (the NiO/sepiolite acts as a catalyst at this stage, using regeneration rate as evaluation index of catalytic activity of NiO/sepiolite) in a single unit, in which the NiO/sepiolite was regenerated and reused for the next round adsorption of dye. An aqueous solution of methylene blue was used to evaluate the adsorption and regeneration performance of the adsorbent/catalyst. The regeneration rate reached 74% when the reaction time and temperature were 7 min and 350 °C, respectively. The effects of the regeneration temperature and volume fraction of O2 on the regeneration rate were investigated. And the regeneration reaction kinetics was provided. The combination of adsorptive and catalytic properties in the NiO/sepiolite composites received interesting results for removing refractory biodegradable organic pollutants. This work provides new insights for the removal of dye from wastewater using Ni catalysts supported on natural low-cost clay.
Reproducibility of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) to the noninvasive evaluation of hepatic steatosis
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Jia Minyue , Zhang Chao , Feng Xinxu , Chen Jifan , Li Qunying , Zhang Yingying , Xu Wen , Dong Yiping , Jiang Yifan , Liu Yajing , Huang Pintong
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to identify the applicability of an ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic steatosis in clinical practice and to compare its correlation with B-mode ultrasound (US). From May to July 2021, 63 subjects with different body mass index (BMI) grades were included in the prospective study. All of them performed UGAP measurements, under different breathing manipulations, positions, diet statuses, and operators. After that, the UGAP values were compared with the visual grades of hepatic steatosis on B-mode US using a 4-point scale method. The intraclass correlation (ICC) of the UGAP values between the two radiologists was 0.862 (p < 0.001), and the ICCs of the UGAP values on the same day and different days by radiologist A were 0.899 (p < 0.001) and 0.910 (p < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences in UGAP values under different breathing manipulations (p > 0.05), positions (p > 0.05), or diet statuses (p = 0.300). The UGAP values in the fasting (supine position, segment V, 1) condition among the lean (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obese groups (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) were 0.60 ± 0.12, 0.66 ± 0.14, and 0.71 ± 0.11 dB/cm/MHz, respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.006). The correlation coefficients (Rho) between the UGAP values and the visual grades of hepatic steatosis by the two reviewers were 0.845 (p < 0.001) and 0.850 (p < 0.001), corresponding to a strong relationship. Steatosis grades by reviewer 1 (p = 0.036) and reviewer 2 (p = 0.003) were significant factors determining the UGAP values according to the multivariate linear regression analysis. UGAP demonstrated excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in the assessment of hepatic steatosis. UGAP may be a promising tool in clinical practice to predict hepatic steatosis.
Rumen fermentation and epithelial gene expression responses to diet ingredients designed to differ in ruminally degradable protein and fiber supplies
Authors: Gleason C. B. , Beckett L. M. , White R. R.
Published: February 2022

Although numerous studies exist relating ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations to diet composition and animal performance, minimal information is available describing how VFA dynamics respond to diets within the context of the whole rumen environment. The objective of this study was to characterize how protein and fiber sources affect dry matter intake, rumen pH, fluid dynamics, fermentation parameters, and epithelial gene expression. Four diet treatments (soybean meal or heat-treated soybean meal and beet pulp or timothy hay) were delivered to 10 wethers. The soybean meals served as crude protein (CP) sources while the beet pulp and timothy hay represented neutral detergent fiber (NDF) sources. Feed intake, rumen pH, fluid pool size, and fluid passage rate were unaffected by treatment. Butyrate synthesis and absorption were greater on the beet pulp treatment whereas synthesis and absorption of other VFA remained unchanged. Both CP and NDF treatment effects were associated with numerous VFA interconversions. Expression levels of rumen epithelial genes were not altered by diet treatment. These results indicate that rumen VFA dynamics are altered by changes in dietary sources of nutrients but that intake, rumen environmental parameters, and the rumen epithelium may be less responsive to such changes.
Sealing mechanism study of laryngeal mask airways via 3D modelling and finite element analysis
Authors: Liao Hongxia , Chen Liqiang , Liu Meiling , Chen Junfeng
Published: February 2022

Proper sealing of laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) is critical for airway management in clinical use. Understanding the sealing mechanism can significantly help front-line anaesthetists to reduce the incidence of adverse events. However, anaesthetists, who may not have the most substantial engineering backgrounds, lack intuitive ways to develop an understanding of the LMA sealing mechanism effectively. The paper aims to study the LMA-pharynx sealing mechanisms from the perspective of front-line anaesthetists. We use a computer-aided 3D modelling technique to visualise the LMA—pharynx interactions, which helps anaesthetists identify the critical areas of complications. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative pressure distribution analysis of the LMA-pharynx contacting surface using the finite element analysis technique, which helps further understand the sealing mechanics in those areas. We present two cases studies based on one male volunteer, aged 50, inserted with a ProSeal LMA. In the first case, a relatively low cuff pressure (CP) was applied to simulate the clinical circumstances in which complications related to air leakage are most likely to happen; in the second case, we increase the CP to a relatively high value to simulate the scenarios with an increased risk of complications related to high mucosal pressure. The experiments suggest the follows: (1) Sore throat complications related to high mucosal pressure is most likely to occur in the hypopharynx with a high CP setting, particularly in the areas where the cricoid cartilage presses the mucosa. (2) The narrow hyoid bone super horn width likely causes LMA insertion difficulties. (3) Insufficient CP will significantly increase the risk of air leakage in the oropharynx. A complete sealing pressure line in the contacting surface will be formed with sufficient CP, thereby preventing the air leakage into the oral.
Process knowledge graph modeling techniques and application methods for ship heterogeneous models
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Jing Xuwen , Lu Xiang , Liu Jinfeng , Li Haipeng , Cao Xuwu , Du Chenxiao , Li Jun , Li Lei
Published: February 2022

In the process design and reuse of marine component products, there are a lot of heterogeneous models, causing the problem that the process knowledge and process design experience contained in them are difficult to express and reuse. Therefore, a process knowledge representation model for ship heterogeneous model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the multi-element process knowledge graph is constructed, and the heterogeneous ship model is described in a unified way. Then, the multi-strategy ontology mapping method is applied, and the semantic expression between the process knowledge graph and the entity model is realized. Finally, by obtaining implicit semantics based on case-based reasoning and checking the similarity of the matching results, the case knowledge reuse is achieved, to achieve rapid design of the process. This method provides reliable technical support for the design of ship component assembly and welding process, greatly shortens the design cycle, and improves the working efficiency. In addition, taking the double-deck bottom segment of a ship as an example, the process knowledge map of the heterogeneous model is constructed to realize the rapid design of ship process, which shows that the method can effectively acquire the process knowledge in the design case and improve the efficiency and intelligence of knowledge reuse in the process design of the heterogeneous model of a ship.
MHD mixed convection and entropy generation of CNT-water nanofluid in a wavy lid-driven porous enclosure at different boundary conditions
Authors: Hamzah Hameed K. , Ali Farooq H. , Hatami M.
Published: February 2022

In this study, Galerkin Finite Element Method or GFEM is used for the modeling of mixed convection with the entropy generation in wavy lid-driven porous enclosure filled by the CNT-water nanofluid under the magnetic field. Two different cases of boundary conditions for hot and cold walls are considered to study the fluid flow (streamlines) and heat transfer (local and average Nusselt numbers) as well as the entropy generation parameters. Richardson (Ri), Darcy (Da), Hartmann angle (γ), Amplitude (A), Number of peaks (N), Volume fraction (φ), Heat generation factor (λ), Hartmann number (Ha) and Reynolds number (Re) are studied parameters in this study which results indicated that at low Richardson numbers (< 1) increasing the inclined angle of magnetic field, decreases the Nu numbers, but at larger Richardson numbers (> 1) it improves the Nu numbers.
DJ-1 upregulates the Nrf2/GPX4 signal pathway to inhibit trophoblast ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Liao Tingting , Xu Xia , Ye Xu , Yan Jianying
Published: February 2022

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mode of cell death that involves disorders in iron metabolism and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plasma membrane. Preeclampsia (PE) is a gestational idiopathic disease that is characterized by hypertension and albuminuria, begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. DJ-1 is a prerequisite for activating and stabilizing Nrf2 to allow translocation to the nucleus to carry out further functions. Detecting the expression levels of DJ-1, the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and ferroptosis markers in placental tissues of pregnant women with and without PE. Analyzing the effects of the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1) on the mortality rate of BeWo cells and DJ-1+/+, DJ-1−/− BeWo cells. Ferroptosis markers (MDA concentration and morphology of trophoblast cells) and DJ-1 and its downstream the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway increased significantly in PE pathological state. The expression levels of DJ-1 protein in the control group and the PE group were positively correlated with the expression levels of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway protein, and negatively correlated with the MDA concentration. BeWo cells were sensitive to the ferroptosis inducer (RSL3) and the inhibitor (Fer-1). The high expression levels of DJ-1 in BeWo cells can resist ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of PE. DJ-1 can mediate the trophoblast cells ferroptosis and play a protective role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia by regulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.
Prediction, validation, and uncertainties of a nation-wide post-fire soil erosion risk assessment in Portugal
Authors: Parente J. , Girona-García A. , Lopes A. R. , Keizer J. J. , Vieira D. C. S.
Published: February 2022

Wildfires are a recurrent and increasing threat in mainland Portugal, where over 4.5 million hectares of forests and scrublands have burned over the last 38 years. These fire-affected landscapes have suffered an intensification of soil erosion processes, which can negatively affect soil carbon storage, reduce fertility and forest productivity, and can become a source of pollutants. The main objective of the present study is to produce a post-fire soil erosion risk map for the forest and shrubland areas in mainland Portugal and assess its reliability. To this end, the semi-empirical Morgan–Morgan–Finney erosion model was used to assess the potential post-fire soil erosion according to distinct burn severity and climate scenarios, and the accuracy of the predictions was verified by an uncertainty analysis and validated against independent field datasets. The proposed approach successfully allowed mapping post-fire soil erosion in Portugal and identified the areas with higher post-fire erosion risk for past and future climate extremes. The outcomes of this study comprise a set of tools to help forest managers in their decision-making for post-fire emergency stabilization, ensuring the adequate selection of areas for mitigation to minimize the economic and environmental losses caused by fire-enhanced soil erosion.
Detecting visually significant cataract using retinal photograph-based deep learning
Authors: Tham Yih-Chung , Goh Jocelyn Hui Lin , Anees Ayesha , Lei Xiaofeng , Rim Tyler Hyungtaek , Chee Miao-Li , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B. , Thakur Sahil , Teo Zhen Ling , Cheung Ning , Hamzah Haslina , Tan Gavin S. W. , Husain Rahat , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Wang Jie Jin , Chen Qingyu , Lu Zhiyong , Keenan Tiarnan D. , Chew Emily Y. , Tan Ava Grace , Mitchell Paul , Goh Rick S. M. , Xu Xinxing , Liu Yong , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching-Yu
Published: February 2022

Age-related cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment among older adults. Many significant cases remain undiagnosed or neglected in communities, due to limited availability or accessibility to cataract screening. In the present study, we report the development and validation of a retinal photograph-based, deep-learning algorithm for automated detection of visually significant cataracts, using more than 25,000 images from population-based studies. In the internal test set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 96.6%. External testing performed across three studies showed AUROCs of 91.6–96.5%. In a separate test set of 186 eyes, we further compared the algorithm’s performance with 4 ophthalmologists’ evaluations. The algorithm performed comparably, if not being slightly more superior (sensitivity of 93.3% versus 51.7–96.6% by ophthalmologists and specificity of 99.0% versus 90.7–97.9% by ophthalmologists). Our findings show the potential of a retinal photograph-based screening tool for visually significant cataracts among older adults, providing more appropriate referrals to tertiary eye centers.
Direct determination of nutrient elements in plant leaves by double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: evaluation of calibration strategies using direct and inverse models for matrix-matching
Authors: Stenio Kleydson , Costa Vinicius Câmara , De Morais Carla Pereira , Magalhães Aida Bebeachibuli , Milori Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira
Published: February 2022

This study aims to develop a single calibration model to determine nutrient elements directly (Ca, Mg, Mn, and P) in soybean and sugar cane leaf samples by double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP LIBS).
Tuning the aromatic backbone twist in dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones
Authors: Sadowski Bartłomiej , Mierzwa Dominik , Kang Seongsoo , Grzybowski Marek , Poronik Yevgen M. , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Kim Dongho , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: February 2022

Analogues of cyclophanes bearing the centrosymmetric dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione core (DPND) show higher tendency to non-radiative relaxation via intersystem crossing (ISC) as a result of increased degree of twist.
Influence of Fe-clustering on the water oxidation performance of two-dimensional layered double hydroxides
Authors: Seijas-Da Silva Alvaro , Oestreicher Víctor , Coronado Eugenio , Abellán Gonzalo
Published: February 2022

The role of Fe-clustering on the OER performance of MgFe layered double hydroxides has been investigated. Low clustering improves the electrocatalysis using Ni foam electrodes, alerting about hidden electrode collector-electrocatalyst interactions.
An asymmetric wide-bandgap acceptor simultaneously enabling highly efficient single-junction and tandem organic solar cells
Authors: Wang Jianqiu , Zhang Maojie , Lin Ji , Zheng Zhong , Zhu Lei , Bi Pengqing , Liang Haiyan , Guo Xia , Wu Jingnan , Wang Yafei , Yu Linfeng , Li Jiayao , Lv Junfang , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Feng , Hou Jianhui , Li Yongfang
Published: February 2022

An asymmetric wide-bandgap acceptor, namely AITC, is synthesized. The large dipole moment of AITC reinforces the molecular packing in ternary blends. Single-junction and tandem OSCs yielded a remarkable PCE of 18.8% and 19.4%, respectively.
Preparation of magnetic covalent triazine frameworks by ball milling for efficient removal of PFOS and PFOA substitutes from water
Authors: Wang Wei , Shao Haipei , Sun Chang , Jiang Xiangzhe , Zhou Shuangxi , Yu Gang , Deng Shubo
Published: February 2022

Recyclable magnetic COFs/Fe3O4 synthesized using ball-milling showed fast and high adsorption for two PFOS and PFOA substitutes in water.
Recent developments in the structural characterisation of the IR and IGF1R: implications for the design of IR–IGF1R hybrid receptor modulators
Authors: Turvey Samuel J. , McPhillie Martin J. , Kearney Mark T. , Muench Stephen P. , Simmons Katie J. , Fishwick Colin W. G.
Published: February 2022

This review discusses advances in the structural understanding of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and how these discoveries can inform design of small-molecule modulators of the IR–IGF1R hybrid receptors.
On-demand deterministic release of particles and cells using stretchable microfluidics
Authors: Fallahi Hedieh , Cha Haotian , Adelnia Hossein , Dai Yuchen , Ta Hang Thu , Yadav Sharda , Zhang Jun , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: February 2022

This paper reports a stretchable microfluidic cell trapper for the on-demand release of particles and cells in a deterministic manner. The size of particles to be trapped and released can be tuned by stretching the device.
Hydrophobic and antifouling modification of graphene oxide with functionalized polynorbornene by surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Lin Xiaoxue , Shi Jianjun , Shi Zaifeng , Niwayama Satomi
Published: February 2022

Surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP), based on the design of hydrophobic and antifouling monomers, was employed for the synthesis of grafting-modified graphene oxide (GO).
Synthesis and biological and physico-chemical characterization of glycodendrimers and oligopeptides for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Tassinari Sarah , Moreno Silvia , Komber Hartmut , Carloni Riccardo , Cangiotti Michela , Ottaviani Maria Francesca , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: February 2022

Anti-(ds)-DNA antibodies are the serological hallmark of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Cu-Doped black phosphorus quantum dots as multifunctional Fenton nanocatalyst for boosting synergistically enhanced H2O2-guided and photothermal chemodynamic cancer therapy
Authors: Li Haimei , Liu Yaofa , Li Shulan , Zhang Silong , Huang Biao , Cui Ran , Liu Yi , Jiang Peng
Published: February 2022

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a cancer treatment that converts endogenous H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) through Fenton reaction to destroy cancer cells.
Assembly mechanism of surface-functionalized nanocubes
Authors: Lee Brian Hyun-jong , Arya Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Minimum free energy pathway analysis reveals the assembly mechanism of ligand-grafted nanocubes, including the reaction coordinate, metastable states, and energy barriers associated with assembly.
Cation substitution effects on the structural, electronic and sun-light absorption features of all-inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Sánchez-Palencia Pablo , García Gregorio , Wahnón Perla , Palacios Pablo
Published: February 2022

All-inorganic RbaCs1−aSnbPb1−bI2Br (1 >b> 0.5) perovskites would be adequate candidates for photovoltaic applications with improved stability and reduced Pb concentration.
Hydrogen-bond super-amphiphile based drug delivery system: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation
Authors: Chen Jiali , Huang Haolong , Lu Ruilin , Wan Xiaohui , Yao Yongchao , Yang Tian , Li Pengfei , Ning Ning , Zhang Shiyong
Published: February 2022

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) show great application prospects in tumor therapy.
Mechanistic insights into the C55-P targeting lipopeptide antibiotics revealed by structure–activity studies and high-resolution crystal structures
Authors: Wood Thomas M. , Zeronian Matthieu R. , Buijs Ned , Bertheussen Kristine , Abedian Hanieh K. , Johnson Aidan V. , Pearce Nicholas M. , Lutz Martin , Kemmink Johan , Seirsma Tjalling , Hamoen Leendert W. , Janssen Bert J. C. , Martin Nathaniel I.
Published: February 2022

Structural and mechanistic studies give new insights into calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics that target C55-P.
An open-source platform for 3D-printed redox flow battery test cells
Authors: O'Connor Hugh , Bailey Josh J. , Istrate Oana M. , Klusener Peter A. A. , Watson Rob , Glover Stephen , Iacoviello Francesco , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Nockemann Peter
Published: February 2022

A framework for improving cell design and providing researchers with low-cost, open-source, 3D-printed redox flow battery test cells.
The alloy-oxide interfacial ensemble effect of a multilayer core–shell nanomotor for hydrogen generation from ammonia borane
Authors: Guan Shuyan , Guo Yong , Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Xianyun , Fan Yanping , Liu Baozhong
Published: February 2022

CoCuO@CoCu–C nanomotor composed of alloyed cores (CoCu) and oxidized shells (CoCuO) was obtained by pyrolysis and oxidation of CoCu precursor. CoCuO@CoCu–C presents the optimal TOF value of 38 min−1 for ammonia borane hydrolysis at 298 K.
Tuning the mechanical impedance of disordered networks for impact mitigation
Authors: Reyes-Martinez Marcos A. , Chan Edwin P. , Soles Christopher L. , Han Endao , Murphy Kieran A. , Jaeger Heinrich M. , Reid Daniel R. , de Pablo Juan J.
Published: February 2022

Disordered-Network Mechanical Materials (DNMM), comprised of random arrangements of bonds and nodes, have emerged as mechanical metamaterials with the potential for achieving fine control over their impact properties.
A covalent organic framework membrane with enhanced directional ion nanochannels for efficient hydroxide conduction
Authors: Chen Jia , Li Ping , Zhang Ningxin , Tang Shaokun
Published: February 2022

A covalent organic framework membrane with enhanced directional ion nanochannels for efficient hydroxide conduction.
Boosting energy storage performance of BiFeO3-based multilayer capacitors via enhancing ionic bonding and relaxor behavior
Authors: Zhu Li-Feng , Song Aizhen , Zhang Bo-Ping , Gao Xiao-Qi , Shan Zhi-Hang , Zhao Gao-Lei , Yuan Junqi , Deng Deng , Shu Hailong , Li Jing-Feng
Published: February 2022

F-BT-xNT MLCCs were designed and expected to achieve high energy-storage density because of ultrahigh Ps value of BiFeO3 system. With enhancement of ionic bonding and dielectric relaxation, excellen Urec = 9.1 J cm−3 and η > 80% were achieved at x = 0.12.
Realizing highly efficient blue photoluminescence of dimethylsilane-aryl (phenylene, diphenylene, fluorenyl) main-chain polymers with σ–π conjugation
Authors: Huang Wenyan , Zhu Yeqi , Zhong Lei , Jin Chao , Zheng Yinong , Zhang Yinggan , Lan Siqi , Gong Shiwen , Zhao Jiangnan , Huang Meng , Yao Rongqian
Published: February 2022

Flexible blue-emitting polyfluorenecarbosilane with an integrated high quantum yield (up to 89.75%) and easy film-forming ability was successfully synthesized.
Water-induced dual ultrahigh mobilities over 400 cm2 V−1 s−1 in 2D MoS2 transistors for ultralow-voltage operation and photoelectric synapse perception
Authors: Xie Dingdong , Wei Liubo , Wei Ziqing , He Jun , Jiang Jie
Published: February 2022

A facile and effective strategy to significantly enhance the field-effect mobility over 400 cm2 V−1 s−1 is proposed by capping the water molecules on the 2D MoS2 surface of transistors, which can be used to achieve some intriguing synapse behaviors.
The overlooked NIR luminescence of Cr(ppy)3
Authors: Stein Laura , Boden Pit , Naumann Robert , Förster Christoph , Niedner-Schatteburg Gereon , Heinze Katja
Published: February 2022

Cr(ppy)3 – a structural analog of Ir(ppy)3 – displays spin–flip emission in the NIR with microseconds lifetime at room temperature in solution (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine), which is rationalised by a strong ligand field and metal–ligand covalence.
Correction: 19F-Tagged metal binding pharmacophores for NMR screening of metalloenzymes
Authors: Prosser Kathleen E. , Kohlbrand Alysia J. , Seo Hyeonglim , Kalaj Mark , Cohen Seth M.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘19F-Tagged metal binding pharmacophores for NMR screening of metalloenzymes’ by Kathleen E. Prosser et al., Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 4934–4937, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC01231B.
Alignment of strontium hexaferrite, by cold compaction of anisotropic non-magnetically interacting crystallites
Authors: Thomas-Hunt Jack , Povlsen Amalie , Vijayan Harikrishnan , Knudsen Cecilie Grønvaldt , Gjørup Frederik H. , Christensen Mogens
Published: February 2022

Goethite and hematite with targeted morphologies dry mixed and cold-pressed with SrCO3, with subsequent sintering to achieve highly aligned hexaferrite. Goethite needles offered the best alignment both magnetically and crystallographically.
Statistical evaluation to validate matrix-matched calibration for standardized beany odor compound quantitation in yellow pea flour using HS-SPME-GC-MS
Authors: Gu Zixuan , Chen Xiao , Rao Jiajia , Chen Bingcan
Published: February 2022

Deodorized starch is a feasible and affordable alternative to deodorized yellow pea (Pisum sativum L., YP) flour in the quantitation of beany odor compounds.
The effect of pore sizes on D2/H2 separation conducted by MOF-74 analogues
Authors: Li Liqiong , Ji Chunqing , Wang Wenjing , Wu Fan , Tan Yan-Xi , Yuan Daqiang
Published: February 2022

Mesoporous Ni2(olz) exhibits the best D2/H2 separation capacity as its more accessible OMSs and migration rate of the hydrogen isotope are inclined to adsorb heavier D2, supporting the important guidance on choosing MOFs for D2/H2 separation.
S-doped AuPd aerogels as high efficiency catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction by balancing the ratio between bridging S22− and apical S2− ligands
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Jing , Zhang Mengmeng , Yue Xinru , Du Wei , Fan Weiliu , Xia Haibing
Published: February 2022

S-doped AuPd aerogels with a breathtaking performance towards the ORR are achieved by balancing the ratio of S22− and S2− ligands.
Ligand design and nuclearity variation towards dual emissive Pt(ii) complexes for singlet oxygen generation, dual channel bioimaging, and theranostics
Authors: Shafikov Marsel Z. , Suleymanova Alfiya F. , Kutta Roger J. , Gorski Alexander , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Gapińska Magdalena , Kowalski Konrad , Czerwieniec Rafał
Published: February 2022

Mono- and dinuclear Pt(ii) complexes of a new ditopic ligand with a thiophene cyclometalating core are reported. The mononuclear complex shows dual emission of fluorescence and phosphorescence and is demonstrated as a dual channel bioimaging probe.
An overview of stability challenges for power‐electronic‐dominated power systems: The grid‐forming approach
Authors: Shakerighadi Bahram , Johansson Nicklas , Eriksson Robert , Mitra Pinaki , Bolzoni Alberto , Clark Angel , Nee Hans‐Peter
Published: February 2022

Inverter‐based generators (IBGs) are becoming popular in modern power systems. When the penetration of IBGs is increasing in power systems, new stability, protection, and monitoring challenges are introduced in the grid. Grid‐forming (GFM) control of converters is seen as a promising solution for future power grids to overcome particular stability challenges. Here, the technical challenges of the GFM‐based IBGs are reviewed from the point of view of TSOs and academic research. The properties of different GFM methods are studied for different GFM‐based IBGs for a single grid‐tied IBG and using the IEEE 9‐bus test system. Simulation results are provided by using the PSCAD‐EMT simulation software.