bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The perception of customers regarding customer service by applying the Disney methodology in a hotel
Authors: Da Silva Layna Azevedo Pereira , Julião Marcia da Silveira , Leonidio Ueliton da Costa , Ferreira Humberto Medrado Gomes , De Souza Cristina Gomes , Cardoso Douglas de Oliveira , Pereira José Cristiano , Dos Santos Vanessa Cristina
Published: May 2023

Based on the exceptional service management model of Walt Disney World as a success case, this study aims to evaluate the perception of customers regarding the service of the Disney methodology applied in a hotel in the city of Petrópolis, RJ. To this end, literature research was conducted on service marketing and relationship marketing, and a questionnaire was applied to customers to diagnose their perceptions. Thus, it was possible to identify points to improve the service. An average analysis was performed based on the results obtained through the data collected. Finally, it was observed that improvement proposals would enable the hotel to achieve service excellence, exceeding customer expectations.
Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits of Dennettia tripetala on Kidney Function of Male Albino Rats
Authors: Philip Shadrach, , Chinedu Imo, , Olawale Otitoju, , Ismail Mohammad, Zuhairah , Magaji Asaph, Peace
Published: May 2023

This study examined the effects of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Dennettia tripetala on kidney function of healthy male albino rats. Dennettia tripetala is commonly also referred to as pepper fruit. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal characteristics are only a few of the fruit's many known therapeutic benefits. Fifty healthy adult male albino rats were utilized in this study and were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The test animals were orally administered ethanolic extracts of fruits of D. tripetala (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and were sacrificed at the end of the 21 days. The result of kidney function biochemical parameters revealed that sodium increased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups, potassium increased significantly in all the test groups except in group 4 which showed no significant alteration, chloride was lowered in all the groups except in group 2 which increased significantly. Urea was lowered significantly in all the test groups; creatinine was significantly elevated in groups 4 and 5, while groups 2 and 3 showed no significant alteration. Photomicrograph of kidney section of normal control rat (group 1) showed normal glomerulus (G), Bowman’s capsule (Bc), Bowman’s space (Bs) and tubules (T) as well as group 2 and 3, while group 4 and 5 showed slightly shrunken glomerulus (SG) with increased Bowman’s capsular space (IBs) and dilated tubules (DT) within the tissue stroma. This study suggests that both the extracts may possess active ingredients that may aid in electrolyte homoeostasis while the unriped fruit extract contains some chemicals that may cause mild kidney toxicity when consumed for a long duration.
Business Ethics and Organization Performance: A Critical Review
Authors: Oyegbami Adepeju , Oyewole Adeoye , Muhammed-Jamiu Fatimat
Published: May 2023

Aim: The objective of this study is to critically review the relationship between business ethics and organizational performance.

Methods: The sources of data for this review study were secondary data which involves a profound review of the past work of authors to test the alignment of the review objectives. The paper focuses on three main theories of business ethics, Utilitarianism theory, Deontological theory and Norm theory.

The three theories were used because of the significant correlation they have to this study's objective, making it easier to understand the roles of business ethics towards the organization's performance. It reviewed elements that influence business ethics and organizational performance including integrity, good corporate governance, transparency, honesty, confidentiality, fairness, and corporate social responsibility. Business ethics has many dimensions, but the purpose of business ethics, as a discipline of study is not very much about teaching the difference between right and wrong, but to give organizations the tools for dealing with matters of moral complexity for strategic decisions that could lead to the anticipated performance.

Conclusion: Following a critical review of the subject, it was discovered that organizations that aspire to succeed cannot do without incorporating certain business ethics into their corporate governance. Therefore, setting a system of balanced ethical principles in business is the foundation for any business system to reach its optimum performance.
Isolation and Identification of Fungal Strains from Fresh and Smoked Fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Isaac Foba Foba Stéphane , Ibourahema Coulibaly , Athanase Kra Kouassi , Clément Kouassi Kouassi , Ibrahim Konate
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Fresh and smoked fish are widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire as everywhere in West Africa. However, these foodstuffs, due to certain processing conditions, are likely to be contaminated by molds that produce dangerous mycotoxins.

Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify fungal strains contaminating fresh and smoked fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d'Ivoire.

Place and Date of the Study: Sampling was carried out in various processing sites around the Sassandra River, particularly in the towns of Soubré and Guessabo. The microbiological analysis was carried out at Jean Lorougnon Guédé University in Daloa (Ivory Coast).

Methods: A total of 108 samples of fresh and smoked fish were collected. Isolation and purification of fungal strains were carried out on Sabouraud medium with chloramphenicol. The identification of isolated strains was made on the basis of morphological and cultural criteria.

Results: A total of 126 fungal strains were isolated, including 87 from the Guessabo samples and 39 from the Soubré samples from 54 fresh fish and 54 smoked fish. The predominant species were Aspergillus of the Glaucus group (39%), Aspergillus niger (36%) and Penicillium sp. (25%).

Conclusion: This study shows that fresh and smoked fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d'Ivoire are contaminated by several strains of molds, some of which produce mycotoxins that can cause illness in consumers depending on their concentrations. It would therefore be appropriate to improve processing techniques.
Deadly ECG Sign: An Aspect to Recognize in the Settings of STEMI
Authors: Eljazouli Ali A. , Maaroufi Anas A. , Nachid Mohamed M. , Benhar Ismail I. , Habbal Rachida R.
Published: May 2023

Learning Objectives: Learn how to identify and differentiate the shark fin EKG pattern from other EKG patterns and abnormalities. Explore the potential diagnostic and prognostic implications of the shark fin EKG pattern, including its association with increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Background: The Lambda-wave ECG, also known as the Shark fin or Thombostone pattern, has been linked to ST-elevation myocardial infarction's (STEMI) hazardous implications. It is characterized by merged QRS, ST, and T waves, forming a 'triangular QRS-ST-T waveform' or 'giant R waves.' This treacherous signature poses an alarming risk, with chances of cardiogenic shock and ventricular fibrillation leading to fatality. To tackle this peril, implementing swift thrombolysis or percutaneous intervention for reperfusion is critical for successful treatment. For optimal outcomes, the preferred setting to utilize ventricular assist devices is the ICU. Misdiagnosis can happen and be seen as either wide complex tachycardia or ECG changes induced by hyperkalemia. Imperative to prevent severe complications, early detection and treatment are crucial. We are reporting three cases of this Ekg pattern.
Maximizing the Potential of Stunted Fish Fingerlings through Innovative and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices for Enhanced Growth and Production
Authors: Pathan J. G. K. , Shelke S. T. , Relekar S. S. , Gore S. B. , Telvekar P. A. , Kulkarni A. K. , Sahoo U. , Joshi H. D.
Published: May 2023

Aquaculture is an important industry for national economies, but it needs to improve its survival rates through increased technology awareness. Stunted fingerlings, obtained from aged fish, are a practical alternative for stocking in aquaculture due to their higher survival rates and disease resistance. Farmers can produce stunted fish fingerlings by rearing fish at a higher stocking density and feeding them with natural food for a prolonged period.

Farmers use a supplementary feed mixture of Soya Bean Cake, Ground Nut Oil Cake, Rice Bran, and Fish Meal to promote optimal growth. Using feed bags to reduce waste can also help ensure proper growth and reduce costs. Stunting of fish fingerlings has been shown to improve growth and survivability in grow-out ponds, resulting in higher yields. Access to quality fingerlings, market demand, and best management practices are critical for success. Stunted fingerlings could be a practical solution to address the problems of limited fingerling availability and high production costs in aquaculture. Multiple stockings and multiple harvesting are cost-effective methods to increase fish production and enhance pond productivity. Farmers need to follow best management practices and implement sustainable practices to minimize environmental and community impacts.
Influence of Foliar Application of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Varieties
Authors: Girish Anusha , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek
Published: May 2023

A field investigation was conducted in Kharif (2022), at a Crop Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P). To study the “ Influence of foliar application of zinc on growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) varieties.” An experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated thrice. The treatments consist of three different pearl millet varieties (Kaveri super boss, Nutra pearl, Nandi-75) and foliar application of Zinc on 25 DAS and 25 and 50 DAS respectively. The experimental results revealed that significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height (191. 87 cm), dry weight accumulation (58.75 g/plant), CGR (10.55 g/m2/day) and yield attributes viz., ear head length (19.50 cm), grains/ear head (1203.60), test weight (10.02 g), grain yield (1.37 t/ha), straw yield (1.70 t/ha) were recorded maximum in treatment (Kaveri Super Boss + ZnSO4 0.5% (at 25 and 50 DAS) T3. These parameters were significantly influenced by increasing the foliar spray of ZnSO4.
Effect of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Sindhuja D. , Mehera Bishwarup , Kumar Prateek
Published: May 2023

A field experiment was conducted during zaidseason of 2022 at the crop research farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P) India. To study Response of Sulphur and zinc on growth and yield of Zaid blackgram. The experimental treatments consists of sulphur concentrations 20,25,30,kg/ha And zinc 5,10,15,kg/ha . There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of each experiment plot was sandy loamy, slightly alkaline (pH 7.8), low in organic corbon (0.35%) available N(163.42kg/ha), available P(21.96 kg/ha)and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that at higher plant height (39.80 cm), number of branches/plant(5.00), number of Nodules/plant(41.50), plant dry weight (4.85g/plant), pods/plant (37.36), seeds/plant (7.00), test weight (37.14g/plant), seed yield (13.63t/ha), stover yield (19.68t/ha), and harvet index (40.79 %). were significantly influenced with application of sulphur 30kg/ha +zinc 15kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 107670/ha), higher net returns (INR 74538.11/ha) and higher B:C (2.24) were also recorded in –treatment 9(sulphur 30kg/ha+zinc15kg/ha).
Prescriptions and Reimbursement of Glucagon Products for Severe Hypoglycemia in Medicaid
Authors: Feder Noah M. , O’Dea Ryan , Zupa Margaret , Luo Jing
Published: January 2025

This study examines trends in prescribing and reimbursement for glucagon products in Medicaid before and after the introduction of these newer products.
C-Reactive Protein and Response to Adalimumab in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Gunter Simon J. , Porter Martina L. , Kimball Alexa B.
Published: January 2025

This post hoc analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials examines whether C-reactive protein estimated response to adalimumab in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
Smooth, Firm, Skin-Colored Papules on the Nasal Dorsum
Authors: Hutson Seneca D. , Lohman Mary E. , Johnson Emma F.
Published: January 2025

A healthy 19-year-old man with Fitzpatrick skin type V presented with a 2-year history of smooth, firm, skin-colored papules on the nasal dorsum and bilateral alae. What is your diagnosis?
Physician Payment Incentives and Active Surveillance in Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Srivastava Arnav , Kaufman Samuel R. , Shay Addison , Oerline Mary , Liu Xiu , Van Til Monica , Linsell Susan , Labardee Corinne , Dall Christopher , Faraj Kassem S. , Maganty Avinash , Borza Tudor , Ginsburg Kevin , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Shahinian Vahakn B.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Active surveillance in men with less aggressive prostate cancer is inconsistently used despite clinical guidelines. Renumeration generally favors treatment over conservative management and may contribute to the variable adoption of active surveillance, which suggests that value-based payment incentives may promote guideline-concordant care.

Objective

To describe the adoption of active surveillance in low-risk prostate cancer, following the initiation of a novel payment incentive sponsored by a commercial payer to support its use.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included men with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2015 to 2021 with data registered with the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC), a statewide quality-improvement collaborative of practicing urologists. Eligible participants were men with newly diagnosed low-risk or low-volume, favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer who were eligible for active surveillance. Data were analyzed from January 2015 through December 2021.

Exposure

Health insurance payment incentive established between June 9, 2017, and September 30, 2018, to encourage active surveillance adoption within MUSIC. Upon meeting the target (ie, at least 72% of men with low-risk disease consider or initiate surveillance), the insurer would provide enhanced reimbursement on claims covered by preferred provider organization plans independent of diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Active surveillance adoption relative to the preincentive period among men with low-risk prostate cancer. Secondary analyses examined practices by baseline surveillance use and proportion of patients with eligible insurance plans, as well as patients with favorable intermediate-risk disease.

Results

We identified 15 273 patients (median [IQR] age, 65 [59-70] years), of whom 10 457 (68.5%) had low-risk disease. The percentage of these men electing for surveillance increased, from 54.4% in 2015 (729 of 1340 men) to 84.1% in 2021 (1089 of 1295 men). Relative to the preincentive period, the payment incentive was not associated with increased surveillance use among patients with low-risk disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.75-1.24) during its application. Secondary analyses similarly did not demonstrate an association between the payment incentive and active surveillance adoption.

Conclusions and Relevance

A payment incentive was not associated with increased active surveillance adoption in men with low-risk prostate cancer relative to the preincentive period. Value-based reimbursement incentives may require tailored implementation that considers existing reimbursement policy and practice characteristics to improve prostate cancer care quality.
Practical Guide to Administrative and Billing Big Data Sources
Authors: Greenup Rachel A. , Chu Danny , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: January 2025

This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides guidance on using administrative and billing big data sources in surgery research.
Practical Guide to Multiomics Big Data Sources
Authors: Backhus Leah , Adkar Shaunak , Klarin Derek
Published: January 2025

This Guide to Statistics and Methods explores the benefits for disease detection and treatment of using big data sources, such as large-scale biobanks, and discusses their implications for data management and health equity.
Practical Guide to the Use of AI-Enabled Analytics in Research
Authors: Kothari Anai N. , Kaji Amy H. , Melton Genevieve B.
Published: January 2025

This Guide to Statistics and Methods discusses approaches to incorporating artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled analytics when working with big data and outlines AI-related considerations for data management and health equity.
Determination of the beam quality correction factor kQmsr${k}_{{Q}_{{\mathrm{msr}}}}$ for the PTW Semiflex 3D ionization chamber for the reference dosimetry at ZAP‐X
Authors: Saße Katrin , Albers Karina , Eulenstein Daniela , Weidlich Georg , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The self‐shielding radiosurgery system ZAP‐X consists of a 3 MV linear accelerator and eight round collimators. For this system, it is a common practice to perform the reference dosimetry using the largest 25 mm diameter collimator at a source‐to‐axis distance (SAD) of 45 cm with the PTW Semiflex3D chamber placed at a measurement depth of 7 mm in water. Existing dosimetry protocols do not provide correction for these measurement conditions. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to quantify the associated beam quality correction factor .

Methods

The of the Semiflex3D chamber was computed from the ratio of the absorbed doses in a water voxel and in the sensitive air volume of the chamber simulated using a 60Co spectrum as the calibration beam quality (Qref) and the spectrum of the ZAP‐X 3 MV photon beam (Qmsr). was computed as a function of measurement depth from 4 to 50 mm. Furthermore, detailed simulations were performed to determine the individual chamber's perturbation correction factors by modifying the chamber's model step‐wise.

Results

All perturbation correction factors, except Sw,air ⋅Pfl, show depth‐dependent behavior up to a depth of 15 mm. In particular, the volume‐averaging Pvol and density Pdens perturbation correction factors and, consequently, the resulting gradient perturbation correction factor Pgr = Pvol∙Pdens increase with decreasing measurement depth. Therefore, is larger than unity, amounting to at 7 mm measurement depth. At larger depths (> 15 mm), the can be considered as constant.

Conclusion

At small measurement depths, was found to be depth‐dependent with values larger than unity due to the gradient‐related perturbation factors. Therefore, the uncertainty related to the chamber's positioning can be reduced by performing the reference dosimetry at ZAP‐X at depths larger than 15 mm, where can be regarded as depth independent.
Psychiatric manifestations of encephalitis
Authors: Bean Paris , Heck Ashley , Habis Ralph , Sowmitran Swathi , Cartaina Zoe , Gupta Rajesh , Probasco John , Hasbun Rodrigo , Venkatesan Arun
Published: January 2025

Objective

Encephalitis is a serious and potentially life‐threatening condition of infectious or autoimmune cause. We aim to characterize the frequency and clinical spectrum of presenting psychiatric symptoms in encephalitis in order to inform earlier recognition and initiation of treatment.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of adult patients who met the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) and/or 2016 Graus criteria between February 2005 and February 2023. The study included two hospital systems in Houston, Texas, and Baltimore, Maryland and included a total of 642 patients. Psychiatric manifestations were grouped into five high‐level categories: behavior, psychosis, mood, sleep disturbances, and catatonia.

Results

In our cohort of 642 patients, 318 (49.6%) had psychiatric symptoms at the time of initial presentation, including 78.2% with autoimmune etiologies and 35.2% with viral etiologies (P < 0.001). Those with psychiatric symptoms were younger (median age 47.5 vs. 51.5; P < 0.001), and more likely to have a history of documented psychiatric disorders, as well as longer lengths of hospital stay, and poorer discharge outcomes. Of patients initially admitted to a psychiatric service (n = 28), most had autoimmune causes, although 3 out of 28 (10.7%) had herpes viral infections; admission to a psychiatric service was associated with substantially longer interval to initiation of antivirals and immunotherapy. Autoimmune and infectious etiologies differed in the spectrum and frequency of psychiatric manifestations.

Interpretation

Psychiatric symptoms are common across etiologies of encephalitis and are associated with longer lengths of hospital stay and worse clinical outcomes. Specific patterns and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms distinguish autoimmune from infectious causes.
Using an AI‐Driven Child Chatbot Avatar as a Training Tool for Information Gathering Skills of Dental and Medical Professionals: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ko Hayley , Hovden Ewa A. Szyszko , Köpp Unni‐Mette Stamnes , Johnson Miriam S. , Baugerud Gunn Astrid
Published: January 2025

Healthcare professionals often receive limited training in information gathering, especially for cases of suspected child maltreatment. This pilot study evaluated a brief interview training program using an artificial intelligence‐driven child avatar chatbot to simulate realistic encounters with children. GPT‐3 and one‐shot prompting were used to simulate an 8‐year‐old girl who was allegedly subjected to violence. A pretest‐posttest design assessed the program's impact, with all participants (n = 18) receiving a video lecture and indirect feedback on their questions based on the avatar's responses. One group (n = 10) received direct feedback on their use of open and closed questions, along with examples after each interview. Results showed no significant improvement in interviewing behaviour, regardless of feedback condition. This study highlights the need for further development and tailoring of training programs to better support healthcare professionals in cases of suspected child abuse.
A Cascaded Duplex Organic Vertical Memory with Learning Rate Scheduling for Efficient Artificial Neural Network Training
Authors: Dai Qinyong , Pei Mengjiao , Hao Ziqian , Li Xiang , Ai Chao , Li Yating , Lu Kuakua , Chen Xu , Wang Qijing , Wan Changjin , Li Yun
Published: January 2025

Learning rate scheduling (LRS) is a critical factor influencing the performance of neural networks by accelerating the convergence of learning algorithms and enhancing the generalization capabilities. The escalating computational demands in artificial intelligence (AI) necessitate advanced hardware solutions capable of supporting neural network training with LRS. This not only requires linear and symmetric analog programming capabilities but also the precise adjustment of channel conductance to achieve tunable slope in weight update behaviors. Here, a cascaded duplex organic vertical memory is proposed with the coupling of ferroelectric polarization effect and Schottky gate control on the same semiconducting channel, exhibiting adjustable‐slope conductance update with high linearity and symmetry. Therefore, in the chest X‐ray image detection, a fast‐to‐slow LRS is used for a bi‐layer ANN training, achieving a rapid, stable convergence behavior within only 15 epochs and a high recognition accuracy. Moreover, the proposed LRS training is also suitable for the Mackey Glass prediction task using long short‐term memory networks. This work integrates LRS into synaptic devices, enabling efficient hardware implementation of neural networks and thus enhancing AI performance in practical applications.
Predicting 2D Crystal Packing in Thin Films of Small Molecule Organic Materials
Authors: Gudovannyy Alexey O. , Schäfer Julia M. , Gerdes Olga , Hildebrandt Dirk , Mattersteig Gunter , Pfeiffer Martin , Ortmann Frank
Published: January 2025

The large variety of structural morphologies realized in organic semiconductors is a big challenge for the microscopic modeling of such systems. A global computational solution is still out of reach due to prevalent molecular flexibility. However, the specific case of crystalline thin films that exhibit surface alignment of molecular π‐systems for optoelectronic applications of high technological relevance, seems to be a simpler task. This study proposes an approach for the structure prediction of two‐dimensional (2D) molecular layers as precursors for the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of deposited crystalline thin films. Based on grid search sampling for the layer's degrees of freedom, it requires only a small number of trial structures to find complex packing motifs of layered molecular materials. It facilitates parallel screening among multiple molecular conformers, which is usually very difficult and expensive, using the latest 3D‐based prediction methods. The study researches theoretically and experimentally a set of known and newly crystallized compounds of evaporable flexible molecules with interesting optoelectronic properties, predicts their packing in 2D layers, and compares them with experimentally resolved crystal structures, obtaining very good agreement in the packing of these molecules within layers. The computational costs are estimated to be several orders of magnitude lower than with 3D methods.
Formation Dynamics of Thermally Stable 1D/3D Perovskite Interfaces for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Nan Zi‐Ang , Li Yuheng , Zhang Yi , Fei Zhaofu , Shibayama Naoyuki , Zhang Zilong , Lin Zexin , Chen Weizhong , Li Chi , Chen Yong , Xie Zhaoxiong , Dyson Paul , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Gao Peng
Published: January 2025

Direct understanding of the formation and crystallization of low‐dimensional (LD) perovskites with varying dimensionalities employing the same bulky cations can offer insights into LD perovskites and their heterostructures with 3D perovskites. In this study, the secondary amine cation of N‐methyl‐1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)methylammonium (M‐NMA+) and the formation dynamics of its corresponding LD perovskite are investigated. The intermolecular π–π stacking of M‐NMA+ and their connection with inorganic PbI6 octahedrons within the product structures control the formation of LD perovskite. In an N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) precursor solution, both 1D and 2D products can be obtained. Interestingly, due to the strong interaction between M‐NMA+ and the DMF solvent, compared to the 1D phase, the formation of 2D perovskites is uniquely dependent on heterogeneous nucleation. Nevertheless, post‐treatment of 3D perovskite films with an isopropanol solution of M‐NMAI leads to the exclusive formation of thermally stable 1D phases on the surface. The resulting 1D/3D heterostructure facilitates perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to not only achieve a record efficiency of 25.51% through 1D perovskite passivation but also significantly enhance the thermal stability of unencapsulated devices at 85 °C. This study deepens the understanding of the formation dynamics of LD perovskites and offers an efficient strategy for fabricating stable and high‐performance PSCs.
Enhanced Cooperative Generalized Compressive Strain and Electronic Structure Engineering in W‐Ni3N for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Facilitating H2 Production
Authors: Qin Hongye , Lin Guangliang , Zhang Jinyang , Cao Xuejie , Xia Wei , Yang Haocheng , Yuan Kangnan , Jin Ting , Wang Qinglun , Jiao Lifang
Published: January 2025

As promising bifunctional electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides are expected to achieve an efficient hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) by fine‐tuning electronic structure via strain engineering, thereby facilitating hydrogen production. However, understanding the correlation between strain‐induced atomic microenvironments and reactivity remains challenging. Herein, a generalized compressive strained W‐Ni3N catalyst is developed to create a surface with enriched electronic states that optimize intermediate binding and activate both water and N2H4. Multi‐dimensional characterizations reveal a nearly linear correlation between the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and the d‐band center of W‐Ni3N under strain state. Theoretically, compressive strain enhances the electron transfer capability at the surface, increasing donation into antibonding orbitals of adsorbed species, which accelerates the HER and HzOR. Leveraging both compressive strain and the modified electronic structure from W incorporation, the W‐Ni3N catalysts demonstrate outstanding bifunctional performance, achieving overpotentials of 46 mV for HER at 10 mA cm−2 and 81 mV for HzOR at 100 mA cm−2. Furthermore, W‐Ni3N catalyst achieves efficient overall hydrazine splitting at a low cell voltage of 0.185 V for 50 mA cm−2, maintaining stability for ≈450 h. This work provides new insights into the dual engineering of strain and electronic structure in the design of advanced catalysts.
Ferroelectric Optical Memristors Enabled by Non‐Volatile Electro‐Optic Effect
Authors: Wen Yiyang , Cao Yilin , Ren Hongda , Du Xiaona , Guo Jiaxing , Wu Zhenping , Liu Weiwei , Du Jiangbing , Zhang Yang
Published: January 2025

Memristors enable non‐volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Optical memristors are the fundamental element for programmable photonic integrated circuits due to their high‐bandwidth computing, low crosstalk, and minimal power consumption. Here, an optical memristor enabled by a non‐volatile electro‐optic (EO) effect, where refractive index modulation under zero field is realized by deliberate control of domain alignment in the ferroelectric material Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3(PMN‐PT) is proposed. The non‐volatile EO memristor is designed exclusively for the modulation of the optical phase without degrading the optical transparency, and it allows the support for deterministic and repeated non‐volatile multilevel EO states. A non‐volatile tunable waveplate composed of the optical memrisor for free‐space optics, which allows for deterministic multilevel, and non‐volatile phase shifts from 0 to π/2 is presented. The state switching rate of the memristor is less than 100 ms, with a switching energy consumption of 234 nJ, and the states can be retained for up to 12 h without requiring static power consumption. These results demonstrate a novel approach to fully realizing non‐volatile optical memristors, where only optical phase modulation is involved, providing unprecedented opportunities for the development of new ferroelectric memristors.
Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Enables Room Temperature Polariton Lasing and Photonic Lattices
Authors: Horneber Dominik , Düreth Johannes , Schembri Tim , Betzold Simon , Stolte Matthias , Höfling Sven , Würthner Frank , Klembt Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Perylene bisimides (PBIs) are organic dyes with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) close to unity in solution and great thermal and photo‐chemical stability. These features alongside the tunability of their solid‐state packing arrangement via chemical functionalization make this material class an excellent candidate for exciton‐polariton lasing at room temperature. Polariton lasing is well understood in III–V semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures, however, the search for emitter materials for robust and versatile room‐temperature applications is ongoing. While, e.g., perovskites and several organic materials are identified to support polariton lasing, many of these materials lack tunability and long‐term stability under ambient conditions. Here, optical microcavities are fabricated using a strongly enwrapped PBI chromophore with prevailing monomer‐like absorption and emission properties in the solid state. Voluminous bay‐substituents prevent π‐π‐stacking induced PLQY‐quenching, thereby enabling polariton lasing at room temperature. Additionally, photonic confinement in single hemispheric resonators is demonstrated leading to localized polaritonic modes with discrete energies, as well as optical lattices revealing distinct polaritonic band‐structures. Due to the possibility of tunable properties by the precise control of the solid‐state packing arrangement of PBI emitters, the results pave the way for polarization‐dependent light‐matter coupling, including topological photonic effects within oriented crystalline thin‐film microcavity structures.
Tailoring the Emission Properties of Cs2NaLuCl6 for Anti‐Counterfeiting, X‐Ray Scintillation, and Night Vision Applications
Authors: Guo Xiu‐Xian , He Zi‐Lin , Chen Jing‐Hua , Luo Jian‐Bin , Wei Jun‐Hua , Peng Qing‐Peng , Kuang Dai‐Bin
Published: January 2025

The ever‐increasing counterfeiting issues have triggered a research upsurge in multi‐modal fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting materials. All inorganic metal halide double perovskites possess the advantages of facile preparation procedures and high thermal stability, which also provide suitable doping sites to regulate the emission behavior and highlight the potential for serving as multi‐modal fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting materials. Herein, a series of Sb3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ solely or codoped Cs2NaLuCl6 are successfully prepared, and the optical properties are dependent on the doping ratio of Sb3+ and lanthanide ions (Ln3+). Notably, due to the participation of energy‐transfer and cross‐relaxation processes, the tri‐doped Cs2NaLuCl6 (0.3%Sb3+‐20%Er3+‐50%Yb3+‐Cs2NaLuCl6) shows luminescence responses to the excitation sources with different photon energies, which is employed to construct anti‐counterfeiting fluorescence patterns by combining the Sb3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ solely or codoped Cs2NaLuCl6. Besides the multi‐modal luminescence behavior, NIR emission from Er3+ and Yb3+ can be used in the night‐vision device. Remarkably, the 20%Er3+‐doped Cs2NaLuCl6 shows an excellent light yield of 30767 photons MeV−1 and low limit of detection (LoD) of 108 nGy s−1, highlighting the potential in X‐ray imaging. This work provides a rational route to design multi‐functional materials that can be used in anti‐counterfeiting, night vision, and X‐ray imaging.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Continuous Sound Monitoring and Captioning
Authors: Bagheri Majid Haji , Gu Emma , Khan Asif Abdullah , Zhang Yanguang , Xiao Gaozhi , Nankali Mohammad , Peng Peng , Xi Pengcheng , Ban Dayan
Published: January 2025

Advancements in live audio processing, specifically in sound classification and audio captioning technologies, have widespread applications ranging from surveillance to accessibility services. However, traditional methods encounter scalability and energy efficiency challenges. To overcome these, Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) are explored for energy harvesting, particularly in live‐streaming sound monitoring systems. This study introduces a sustainable methodology integrating TENG‐based sensors into live sound monitoring pipelines, enhancing energy‐efficient sound classification and captioning by model selection and fine‐tuning strategies. Our cost‐effective TENG sensor harvests ambient sound vibrations and background noise, producing up to 1.2 µW cm−2 output power and successfully charging capacitors. This shows its capability for sustainable energy harvesting. The system achieves 94.3% classification accuracy using the Hierarchical Token Semantic Audio Transformer (HTS‐AT) model identified as optimal for live sound event monitoring. Additionally, continuous audio captioning using the EnCodec Combining Neural Audio Codec and Audio‐Text Joint Embedding for Automated Audio Captioning model (EnCLAP) showcases rapid and precise processing capabilities that are suitable for live‐streaming environments. The Bidirectional Encoder representation from the Audio Transformers (BEATs) model also demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 97.25%. These models were fine‐tuned using the TENG‐recorded ESC‐50 dataset, ensuring the system's adaptability to diverse sound conditions. Overall, this research significantly contributes to the development of energy‐efficient sound monitoring systems with wide‐ranging implications across various sectors.
Biodiversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Associated Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Simpson Carra A , Srivastava Meera , Bera Alakesh , Cappelletti Monica , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang MarileneB. , Beswick Daniel M. , Maxim Tom , Basak Saroj K. , Srivatsan Eri S. , Fischer Jakob L. , Jacobs Jonathan P , Lee Jivianne T.
Published: January 2025

Background

Dysbiosis of the bacterial and fungal microbiome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study explores the relationship between microbiome and mycobiome biodiversity and type 2 (T2) versus non‐type 2 (NT2) inflammation.

Methods

Mucosal tissues from the ethmoid sinus were collected during endoscopic sinus (CRS) and skull base (controls) surgery between January 2020 and July 2021. Specimens underwent 16S rRNA (bacterial) and internal transcribed spacer (fungal) gene sequencing, along with cytokine analysis using the Luminex assay. Based on cytokine (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13) concentrations and the presence of eosinophils, CRS cases were classified into T2 or NT2 inflammatory profiles. The relationships between CRS endotype and the biodiversity of the microbiome and mycobiome were assessed.

Results

Specimens from 92 patients (30 control, 31 CRSwNP, 31 CRSsNP) were included in the analyses. Among 62 CRS cases, 20 exhibited T2 inflammation and 42 exhibited NT2 inflammation. Compared with control specimens, NT2 specimens exhibited significantly lower amplicon sequence variants (mean difference −149, 95% CI [−261, −37], p = 0.007), Shannon index (−0.48 [−0.79, −0.16], p = 0.002), and Simpson index (−0.003 [−0.005, −0.001], p = 0.002) for bacterial alpha diversity. However, no significant differences in bacterial alpha diversity were observed between T2 specimens and controls, or between T2 and NT2 specimens. Fungal biodiversity did not differ significantly across endotype and control groups.

Conclusion

Dysbiosis of the sinus bacterial microbiome is more strongly associated with a NT2‐mediated inflammatory profile than with a T2‐mediated inflammatory profile.
Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup
Authors: Rabinovici Gil D. , Knopman David S. , Arbizu Javier , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Donohoe Kevin J. , Hansson Oskar , Herscovitch Peter , Kuo Phillip H. , Lingler Jennifer H. , Minoshima Satoshi , Murray Melissa E. , Price Julie C. , Salloway Stephen P. , Weber Christopher J. , Carrillo Maria C. , Johnson Keith A.
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

The Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

METHODS

The workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered. A modified Delphi approach was used to rate each scenario by consensus as “rarely appropriate,” “uncertain,” or “appropriate.” Ratings were performed separately for amyloid and tau PET as stand‐alone modalities.

RESULTS

For amyloid PET, seven scenarios were rated as appropriate, two as uncertain, and eight as rarely appropriate. For tau PET, five scenarios were rated as appropriate, six as uncertain, and six as rarely appropriate.

DISCUSSION

AUC for amyloid and tau PET provide expert recommendations for clinical use of these technologies in the evolving landscape of diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.

Highlights

A multidisciplinary workgroup convened by the Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging updated the appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.

The goal of these updated AUC is to assist clinicians in identifying clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be useful for guiding the diagnosis and management of patients who have, or are at risk for, cognitive decline

These updated AUC are intended for dementia specialists who spend a significant proportion of their clinical effort caring for patients with cognitive complaints, as well as serve as a general reference for a broader audience interested in implementation of amyloid and tau PET in clinical practice.
Mapping amyloid beta predictors of entorhinal tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zamani Jafar , Vahid Amirali , Avelar‐Pereira Bárbara , Gozdas Elveda , Hosseini S. M. Hadi ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the entorhinal regions are key Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers, but the spatial Aβ pathways influencing tau pathology remain unclear.

METHODS

We applied predictive modeling to identify Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) spatial patterns that predict entorhinal tau levels, future hippocampal volume, and Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores at 5‐year follow‐up. The model was trained on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 237), incorporating amyloid‐PET (positron emission tomography), tau‐PET, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive data, and validated on Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) (N = 276).

RESULTS

The model accurately predicted entorhinal tau levels (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001), future hippocampal volume (r = 0.24, p = 0.002), and PACC scores (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) based on regional Aβ.

DISCUSSION

Aβ in the rostral middle frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and striatal regions predict entorhinal tau levels, future hippocampal volume, and PACC scores, indicating their potential as early biomarkers in AD prediction models.

Highlights

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reveals amyloid beta (Aβ) patterns predicting entorhinal tau levels in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Aβ in medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, and nucleus accumbens best predicts tau.

Aβ distribution in these regions predicts future hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

Model validated with Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) data sets, showing robustness and reproducibility.

Findings suggest early Aβ patterns can aid in diagnosing AD and guide anti‐Aβ therapies
Inflammation in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy‐Related Transient Focal Neurological Episodes
Authors: Sellimi Amina , Panteleienko Larysa , Mallon Dermot , Fandler‐Höfler Simon , Oliver Rupert , Harvey Victoria , Zandi Michael S. , Banerjee Gargi , Werring David J.
Published: January 2025

Transient focal neurological episodes (TFNE), often associated with convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH), are common in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but their pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In six patients with unremitting TFNE, using high‐resolution post‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging and vessel wall imaging (VWI), we found various combinations of transient leptomeningeal, parenchymal and vessel wall enhancement; in 5 of 6 the enhancement included regions corresponding anatomically to symptoms. Three patients had resolution of TFNE and enhancement (2 with corticosteroid treatment, 1 without). Our observations suggest that inflammation might contribute to the pathophysiology of CAA‐related TFNE and cSAH, with potential wider relevance for the associated high risks of recurrent ICH in CAA more generally. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:475–482
Derivation and Physical Interpretation of the General Solutions to the Wave Equations for Electromagnetic Potentials
Authors: Raicu Valericǎ
Published: January 2025

The inhomogeneous wave equations for the scalar, vector, and Hertz potentials are derived starting from retarded charge, current, and polarization densities and then solved in the reciprocal (or k‐) space to obtain general solutions, which are formulated as nested integrals of such densities over the source volume, k‐space, and time. The solutions provide real‐space forms of the potentials and fields that are inherently free of singularities and do not require introduction by fiat of combinations of advanced and retarded terms as done previously to cure such singularities for the point‐charge model. Physical implications of these general solutions are discussed through specific examples involving either the real or reciprocal space forms of the different potentials. This approach allows for real‐ and reciprocal‐space expansions of potentials and fields for arbitrary distributions of charges and may lead to applications in condensed matter research and fluorescence‐based imaging.
Excited‐State and Steric Hindrances Engineering Enable Fast Spin‐Flip Narrowband Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Enhanced Quenching Resistance
Authors: An Rui‐Zhi , Zhao Fang‐Ming , Shang Changjiao , Zhou Meng , Cui Lin‐Song
Published: January 2025

Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials have great potential for applications in ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays, that benefit from their narrowband emission characteristic. However, key challenges such as aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect and slow triplet‐to‐singlet spin‐flip process, especially for blue MR‐TADF materials, continue to impede their development due to planar skeletons and relatively large ΔESTs. Here, an effective strategy that incorporates multiple carbazole donors into the parent MR moieties is proposed, synergistically engineering their excited states and steric hindrances to enhance both the spin‐flip process and quenching resistance. As expected, the designed materials namely 5Cz‐BNO and 5Cz‐BN exhibit bright blue and green emissions with narrow full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) around 23 nm, together with significantly improved reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates. The OLEDs based on 5Cz‐BNO and 5Cz‐BN with doping concentrations from 5 to 20 wt % achieve high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values exceeding 30 % with suppressed efficiency roll‐offs and improved operational stability. This work offers an effective approach for designing doping‐insensitive blue and green MR‐TADF materials with fast spin‐flip processes by integrating the engineering of excited states and steric hindrances.
Amide‐Directed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Diverse Acyclic Multisubstituted Alkenes Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Lu Hou‐Xiang , Lu Shou‐Lin , Li Bi‐Jie
Published: January 2025

Enantioselective hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted alkenes to form 1,2‐contiguous stereocenters is a particularly appealing but highly challenging transformation in asymmetric catalysis. Despite the notable progress achieved in enantioselective hydrogenation over the past decades, enantioselective hydrogenation of all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes containing multiple alkyl groups remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we report a rhodium‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse acyclic multisubstituted alkenes under mild conditions. The coordination assistance of the amide group to the metal center generates a highly active catalyst that effectively overcomes the low reactivity of substrates and precisely controls the stereoselectivity. The generality of this catalyst system is exemplified by its efficacy across at least three types of alkenes including β,γ‐unsaturated amides, α,β‐unsaturated amides, and enamides.