bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generative adversarial networks and faster-region convolutional neural networks based object detection in X-ray baggage security imagery
Authors: Kim Jongchol , Kim Jiyong , Ri Jinmyong
Published: November 2020

X-ray images have now been widely used in public transportation security. However, the ever-increasing number of dangerous object types, along with the complexity of the baggage's contents, makes it unsuitable for clearly displaying various baggages and hazards on X-ray images obtained directly from the inspection system. This article aims to improve the detection of dangerous objects by proposing a data augmentation method for enriching the X-ray prohibited item images using a Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) based approach. Using the improved GANs model, a new X-ray images were generated with better quality and diversity, and the performance of the proposed method was evaluated using FID(Fréchet Inception Distance) score and Faster R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network). Experimental results show that the new augmented X-ray security inspection image dataset can improve the detector performance. If other representative training datasets are utilized, we believe that our methodology could aid in the detection of other kinds of threat objects.
External debt-growth nexus: Empirical evidence from Ethiopian economy
Authors: Atinafu Wondatir
Published: November 2020

This study is an effort to determine the effect of public external debt on economic growth in Ethiopia. Specifically, the study tries to answer the questions whether stock of public external debt and public external debt servicing have any significance effect on economic growth of the country and it also determined the magnitude of the effect. In doing this, the study used an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag model (ARDL modeling) to analyze Ethiopian data from 1970 up to 2017 with real GDP as a function of stock of public external debt, public external debt servicing, human capital, physical capital, trade openness, labor force and policy change dummy. The empirical result reveals that in the long-run high level of stock of public external debt has a significant negative effect on economic growth and it poses great challenges on the economy. Hence, there is an evidence for the “Debt overhang” and “Conventional view” of public debt in Ethiopia. On the other hand, public external debt servicing has a negative coefficient but insignificant in affecting economic growth and there is no evidence for the “Crowding out” effect in the country. In the long-run result, human capital is also found to have negative impact on real GDP. Moreover, physical capital has a significant positive impact but labor force and trade openness is insignificant in explaining the Ethiopian economy. Hence, this study recommended the government of Ethiopia and local policy makers to improve the existing policies on public external debt management such as to invest in productive activities and sectors, to implement structural change, public sector reform and tax reform, should try to minimize the dependence on external borrowing through diversifying the economy so as to generate more revenue in the domestic.
Analysis of the influence of word of mouth and brand image on the decision to purchase cosmetics make over products in Semarang
Authors: Kurniawati Nurul Imani
Published: November 2020

Increased the awareness of women to beautify themselves with the use of make-up. These become a reason why the growth of industrial cosmetics in Indonesia is growing fast, and one of them is Make Over Cosmetic. This study aimed to determine the effect of word of mouth and brand image on purchase decision of Make over’s cosmetic. The type of the research is explanatory research and the sampling used nonprobability sampling techniques, and purposive sampling method. Data collection using questionnaires and Google form. The sample is used amount 100 respondents using Make Over products in Semarang City. This study used quantitative and qualitative analysis with validity, reliability, correlation coefficients, coefficient of determination, and simple regression, significance that is processes using SPSS. The result of the study shows that the variables of word of mouth and brand image have an effect on purchase decisions. The variable correlation coefficient of word of mouth and brand image on purchase decisions have a very strong enough relation, and if the variables of word of mouth and and brand image have increased or decreased it is greatly affected the purchase decision variable.
Five years of multi-depot vehicle routing problems
Authors: Jayarathna Nuwan , Lanel Jayantha , Juman Z.A.M.S.
Published: November 2020

With vast range of applications in real life situations, the Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) have been the subject of countless studies since the late 1950s.  However, a more realistic version of the classical VRP, where the distribution of goods is done from several depots is the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP), which has been the central attraction of recent researches. The objective of this problem is to find the routes for vehicles to serve all the customers at a minimal cost in terms of the number of routes and the total distance travelled without violating the capacity and travel time constraints of the vehicles, and it is handled with a variety of assumptions and constraints in the existing literature. This survey reviews the current status of the MDVRP and discuss the future direction regarding this problem.
Optimization in logistics for supply chain management of an automobile industry using Fuzzy DEMATEL matrix method
Authors: Soni Yash , Gupta R.C.
Published: November 2020

Industrial engineers always want to implement optimization techniques in all activities performed in an organization, which is only possible by synchronizing multiple activities of each department, and combining it in a way, which is optimized as per efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and profit are concerned. Organization plant managers and logistics providers have long been dissatisfied with extensive waiting times and severe on-site traffic congestion. This research paper highlights activities of logistics management in this organization which covers activities like determination of supply chain driver affecting logistics and supply chain management of an organization, analysis of current vehicles freights which particularly involves number of freights per day, checking how effectively collection plan needs are fulfilled by current vehicles running, implementation of new techniques to improve present working system, scheduled such that the total weighted tardiness is minimized, initiation of practices which organization has to do for withstanding sustainability in logistics management, estimation of cost saving from implementation of new techniques and checking feasibility of conducting these activities repetitively in long run.
Sustainable development in Belarus: Goals for transport and universal access indicator movements
Authors: Azemsha Siarhei , Yasinskaya Volha , Hryshchanka Tatsiana
Published: November 2020

On September 25, 2015, UN member states adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It contains 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Two SDG targets are directly transport-related. Target 3.6: By 2020 to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. Target 11. 2: Aims to, by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations - women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons. There are other goals, the achievement of which is impossible without the development of transport. All SDGs related to transport are conventionally divided into 4 groups: safety, universal access, efficiency, green mobility. The purpose of this article is to review the dynamics of changes in the Republic of Belarus of indicators for achieving the goals of the universal access group.
Economic justification for development and operationalization of rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria
Authors: Nwokedi Theophilus Chinonyerem , Ndikom Obed C. , Hussaini Yusuf Kodo , Komolafe Bolaji Olaide , Okonko Ifiokobong I.
Published: November 2020

The obsolesce and decay of  rail transport infrastructure linking major seaports Cities to hinterland cargo origin and destination centers serviced via the seaports and the total lack of rail infrastructure connection between some hub seaports and the hinterland cargo centers in Nigeria induces enormous economic setback. Most rail routes from seaports to the inland container depots (ICDs) in all the geopolitical zones of the Country are currently inoperable. Government’s recent attempt to develop and make operable the rail routes is faced with funding challenges necessitating the need for a Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach in which government provides regulation and enablement while private sector operators fund the projects. This study was aimed at providing economic justification for private sector investment in developing, revitalizing and making operable, the rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria. It estimated the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of investment in each of the ten rail-freight-corridors consisting of existing but inoperable and proposed rail routes from Lagos, Port-Harcourt/Onne, Warri and Calabar seaports  to the  Inland container depots in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Secondary data on the import and export (cargo generation) capacities of each of the ICD regions to and from the respectively connected hub-seaport were obtained from the Nigerian ports authority statistical report covering a period of two years (2018 – 2019) based upon which the annual expected revenue earnings of the operators (investment) were estimated as a product of the total annual TEU handled by each route and the price of delivering per TEU from the seaport to the ICD region. The cost of investment in developing and operating each rail-freight-corridor as determined in previous studies for the Nigerian Shippers Council for the same period were also obtained. Benefit-Cost-Ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) tools were used to estimate the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of each rail route within the period using 10% interest rate.  It was found that six of the rail routes have BCR > 1; and NPV>0; implying higher operator-benefits over costs within the period.  The rail-routes from Lagos seaport to Gombe and Bauchi; Warri seaport to Aba; and Calabar seaport to Kano have BCR <1; and NPV <0; implying higher operator-costs over benefits and unprofitability of the routes within the first two years of service delivery. It was recommended that the PPP terms for rail freight corridors with BCR <1 and NPV<0, should have a higher contract period than the other routes to enable the private investor have a higher payback period to recoup the cost of investment and earn profit.
Sustainable urban mobility: An approach to urbanization and motorization challenges in Nigeria, a case of Lagos state
Authors: Buhari Sodiq Olusegun , Aponjolosun Moses Olatunde , Oni Babatope Gabriel , Sam Matthew Woridigitere
Published: November 2020

In Lagos state, the relationship between urbanization and motorization is unbalanced because the present transportation interventions of the state do not commensurate with her growing population and migration rate. However, the state cannot be said to be totally insensitive to these challenges as witnessed in her renewed effort by providing suitable public transportation system with a dedicated lane and the expansion of other modes of transport such as rail and inland water transport. Through content analysis, this research examined the present situation of Lagos state public transport system with her prevailing population size, sustainable urban mobility approach and the future of public transport in Lagos State in line with global practices. The study reviewed the Lagos state non-motorized transport policy and the impact thus far. It was revealed that unless certain strategic decisions and policies are made, the state will continue to experience the current traffic congestion on her roads as well as increased vehicular pollution and waste of resources. Also, for Lagos state to attain her acclaimed position of a 21st century economy, she must as a matter of policy initiate and implement interventions that align with the principle of urban mobility where cycling, walking, high capacity buses operation is effectively operational and open up of other modes of transportation in the state. It was further recommended that the Lagos state government should take a bold step as recently done in the restriction of motorcycles and tricycles operation on certain routes within the state, hence, initiating interventions that will best enhance public transportation, improve habitable environment and safety of lives and properties in the state.
Bioactive concentrate from small sea fish: evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the drug on the basis of the analysis of 37 clinical trials
Authors: Karateev A. E.
Published: November 2020

Injectable Alflutop® (the bioactive concentrate from small sea fish (BCSSF)) belongs to the pharmacological group of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis. This drug has been widely used in our country for 25 years. During this time, 37 of its clinical trials (n=3676) have been conducted in Russia and post-Soviet countries, mainly in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and nonspecific back pain. These are mainly open-label trials, a major portion of which has been performed at the good methodological level, by using active control and up-to-date methods to assess treatment results. Two works are double-blind placebo-controlled trials (DBPCTs) conducted in compliance with the modern requirements of evidence-based medicine – this is an evaluation of the efficacy of BCSSF in knee OA and vertebrogenic lumbar ischialgia. All the trials have shown a good therapeutic potential of BCSSF: on the average, after the cycle use of the agent, there is a 40–60% decrease in pain intensity as compared to the baseline level. A two-year DBPCT of the efficacy of BCSSF in knee OA has also confirmed that the concentrate has a structure-modifying effect. At the same time, all the trials have demonstrated that BCSSF is well tolerated and very rarely causes adverse reactions that require discontinuation of treatment.
Abdominal syndrome in monogenic autoinflammatory disease – is it just a familial Mediterranean fever?
Authors: Salugina S. O. , Fedorov E. S. , Volf N. G.
Published: November 2020

Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are common autoinflammatory disease (AID) symptoms. The abdominal symptomatology reflecting serositis is one of the most important classification and diagnostic criteria for the classic monogenic AID (MAID) – familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Failure to timely diagnose FMF frequently leads to unjustified surgical interventions. Other periodic fevers may also present as abdominal symptoms; however, the latter are outside their diagnostic features. These diseases include, first of all, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Interleukin 1 (IL1) inhibitors serve as the major targeted drugs for the treatment of TRAPS. Russia has registered the IL1 inhibitor canakinumab that prevents the development of organ damages, including those in the GI tract. The paper describes a clinical case of the classic manifestations of TRAPS (fever, rash, periorbital edema, arthritis, and elevated levels of acutephase inflammatory markers) concurrent with severe abdominalgia during attacks and with the development of severe peritoneal adhesions, which led to bowel perforation and emergency surgical intervention. The prolonged persistence of inflammatory attacks before the initiation of therapy, as well as violation of the IL1 inhibitor administration regimen facilitated the development of an urgent exacerbation. Thus, TRAPS should be included in the differential diagnostic circle for patients with severe gastrointestinal manifestations characterized by an attack-like course. These patients need timely prescription of targeted therapy, strict adherence to the dosing and intervals between drug administrations, and careful monitoring to prevent serious complications with the visceral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, and their immediate correction.
Adherence to urate-lowering therapy while following the national guidelines for the management of patients with gout (preliminary evidence)
Authors: Chikina M. N. , Ilyinykh E. V. , Eliseev M. S.
Published: November 2020

Low compliance in patients with gout is one of the reasons for inadequate disease control.

Objective: to study treatment adherence in compliance with the national guidelines for the management of gout patients, which provide for the continuous use of urate-lowering drugs, a gradual increase in their dose until the target serum uric acid (UA) level is reached, prophylactic antiinflammatory therapy, and regular patient monitoring.

Patients and methods. This was a prospective single-center study. By now, 60 of the 80 enrolled gout patients had completed the study. The follow-up period was at least 24 weeks, during which allopurinol or febuxostat was used at the final dose. During initiation of urate-lowering therapy, allopurinol 100 mg/day was prescribed, followed by dose titration to reach the target UA level (<360 μmol/L) for all patients or <300 μmol/L for those with severe tophaceous gout. Patients with ineffective allopurinol and/or in the presence of its associated adverse reactions were prescribed febuxostat (Azurix®) 80 mg/day; the dose was increased up to 120 mg/day as needed. To prevent acute arthritis attacks, all the patients received a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) at minimal therapeutic doses or colchicine 0.5 mg/day, and in the presence of contraindications to their use, they took glucocorticoid (GC) 7.5 mg/day calculated with reference to prednisolone. The four-item Morisky–Green questionnaire was used to assess patient adherence to therapy.

Results and discussion. At 24 weeks after the start of their follow-up, 53 (88%) of the 60 patients received urate-lowering therapy; 38 (72%) of these 53 patients achieved the target UA level. The dose of allopurinol was titrated in 19 patients; and 10 (53%) of them achieved the target serum UA levels. Due to its inefficacy, allopurinol was replaced by febuxostat in 24 patients. In this group, the target UA level was recorded in 16 (67%) patients. Seventeen patients were immediately prescribed febuxostat that could achieve the target UA level in 12 (71%) of them. All the patients enrolled in the study received prophylactic anti-inflammatory therapy: NSAIDs were used in 9 (15%) patients, colchicine and GC were given to 46 (77%) and 5 (8%), respectively. Twenty-six (49%) patients who had completed the investigation were ascertained to have a high adherence therapy. Moderate and low adherence was observed in 9 (17%) and 18 (34%) patients, respectively. High therapy adherence was noted in more than half of cases in the febuxostat group and in 40% in the allopurinol one.

Conclusion. High compliance in gout patients can be achieved through the observance of the national guidelines for the treatment of this disease.
The European Union’s Crisis Management Operations in Support of the United Nations in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Question of Legitimacy
Authors: Kaya Taylan Özgür
Published: November 2020

This article aims to analyse legitimacy of military crisis management operations carried out by the EU in support of the UN in sub-Saharan Africa by using Mark Suchman’s typology of organizational legitimacy including pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy. These three types of legitimacy are tested through analysing four cases in which EU has engaged in sub-Saharan Africa in support of the UN: Operation Artemis (2003), EUFOR RD CONGO (2006), EUFOR Tchad/RCA (2008-2009) and EUFOR RCA (2014-2015). In terms of pragmatic legitimacy, the EU enjoys high level of legitimacy, because these operations served both institutional interests of the EU and self-interests of some member states, particularly France. With regard to moral legitimacy, the EU suffers from a legitimacy deficit. Although declared motives for the launch of these operations was to help the UN in fulfilling its responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, indeed, EU engagement in these crisis management operations was to a significant degree driven by the institutional interests of the EU and interests of some individual member states. Moreover, all operations were UN-mandated autonomous EU military operations rather than integrated EU troops in UN-led operations. Thus, real motivation for launching the operations and their modalities undermined moral legitimacy of these operations, because it casted doubts on whether these operations has served the global common good or not. Furthermore, EU’s utilitarian, selective and self-interested use of its crisis management tool puts limit on the EU’s future reliability and taken-for-grantedness as a UN partner in protecting and promoting international peace and security, and thus resulted in cognitive legitimacy deficit.
Vinyl Ester Dispersion Stabilized Oil and Polymer Adjuvants for Drift Reduction
Authors: Raman Narayan K. , Martin James R. , Pedraza Erika P.
Published: November 2020

Vinyl ester dispersions provide a convenient way of formulating drift-reducing adjuvants with the minimal use of emulsifiers. These waterborne dispersions enable the formulator to combine oils and polymers in a single adjuvant package, making them versatile for use in a variety of herbicide and nozzle combinations. This new class of adjuvants shows excellent drift reduction that is largely independent of use rate and shows wetting and deposition characteristics on par with conventional surfactant-based oil-in-water emulsions. Vinyl ester-based oil dispersions can be formulated to lower the extensional viscosity of high molecular weight linear polymers, improving their ease of use without reducing their effectiveness in reducing drift. By varying the hydrophobicity and incorporating specific functional groups, highly stable premix concentrates can be made with water conditioners such as ammonium sulfate and trisodium citrate. These premixes have high shear stability and have shown excellent drift reduction in both ground and aerial spray applications.
Sticker Adjuvant Development with Enhanced Performance in Rainfastness and Efficacy
Authors: Lu Wei , Zhong Ling , Woelfle-Gupta Caroline
Published: November 2020

A pesticide's rainfastness, or its ability to withstand rainfall, is an important factor that affects the efficacy of spray-applied foliar pesticides. The development of rainfastness adjuvants is of great significance to avoid pesticide loss due to rainfall and enhance its efficacy, thus reducing the usage amount of pesticides. Generally, there are two mechanisms for rainfastness: fast uptake by the plant (spreader) and strong adhesion to the surface (sticker). Herein, polymer stickers were used for rainfastness performance enhancement. We built up the rainfastness testing capability in the lab, validated the testing process, and and verified the technical hypothesis, thus developing a high-performance polymer sticker with good EPA status. The developed sticker showed excellent performance in lab evaluations with various pesticide formulations; more pesticide could clearly be retained after simulated rainfall washoff while incorporating the sticker. Furthermore, the bioassay test, which used a plant growth regulator as a research active, showed a dramatically enhanced inhibition ratio compared with a sample without a sticker adjuvant under conditions of no rain and heavy rain. Moreover, in the field test, incorporating the sticker adjuvant further improved the weed control effect of glufosinate to resist rainfall.
МИРОСОЗЕРЦАНИЕ И ПОЭТИКА Н. В. ГОГОЛЯ В КРИТИКЕ РУССКОЙ ЭМИГРАЦИИ (1921—2018)
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Voropaev Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The Russian émigré community paid particular attention to Nikolai Gogol (possibly comparable only with Aleksandr Pushkin and Fedor Dostoevsky). Themes and issues in Russian émigrés’ studies of Gogol are highly diverse, although they predominantly focus on Gogol’s poetics and religious views. Gogol and Dostoevsky, Gogol and Christian attitude to the laughter, Gogol’s theater aesthetics, Gogol’s progress as an author, rhythm in Gogol’s prose, problem of the man in Gogol— these are the issues in Gogol’s poetics have initially been posed by the literary critics in the Russian émigré community and subsequently developed by Russian scholars. Thanks to the works by Konstantin Mochulsky, Vasily Zenkovsky, Georgy Florovsky, Dmytro Chyzhevsky and Semyon Frank, it became possible to rebuff some deeply enrooted erroneous concepts of Gogol’s personality. Gogol studies conducted in the Russian émigré community are an essential part of contemporary literary criticism. Despite limited sources, works by Russian émigré authors marked a new and essential stage in Gogol studies.
КОНЦЕПТ «ЛИТЕРАТУРА» В ПЕРЕПИСКЕ И. С. ТУРГЕНЕВА И Ф. М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО
Authors: Barinova Olga
Published: November 2020

The article examines the concept of literature as a unit of the linguistic image of the world of two great writers, which is associated with each of the authors’ comprehension and figurative interpretation of the literary process and journalistic activity in the 19th century. Using the letters of Turgenev and Dostoevsky during their conspicuous interaction (1860—1867) the author researches the linguistic methods of concept representation, its semantic volume, identifies a set of semantic features, explores the use of various evaluative vocabulary as a means of explication of this concept, establishes stimulus words in the correspondence. Turgenev perceives the sphere of literature as something true, superior and even miraculous, Dostoevsky proposes both a positive and a negative assessment of the events occurring in the literary process. The analysis of the two writers’ correspondence made it possible to disclose the attitude of correspondents to various literary spheres, to reveal the specific features of the concept of literature in the conceptual sphere of Turgenev and Dostoevsky. Accordingly, it was determined that the language units of the concept of literature as perceived by the Russian intelligentsia contain emotive components, and that the epistolary texts contain elements of intimization and frequent use of authors’ specific language techniques, comparisons and metaphorical images. The notions of literature and the literary process are conceptualized in writers’ letters as an animate acting force, an environment that is capable of action. The figurative language means used by writers in the correspondence endow the concepts with a specific image and sensual meaning. The concept of literature reveals the features of their work, the literary process and journalistic activities, which were an essential part of themselves and their lives for both Turgenev and Dostoevsky.
Pensando sobre Matemática
Authors: Pereira Ana Lucia , Dobzinski Arielin , Silva Elen da Rosa , Meza Elisangela dos Santos , Neves Izauriane Rodrigues Jagas , Stürmer Laila Andrade , Luz Lourdes Aparecida da , Schneider Taine Raisa
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções sobre o significado da matemática para estudantes que participam de alguns programas de incentivo à aprendizagem da matemática, como: Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática das Escolas Públicas e Particulares (OBMEP); Olimpíada Pontagrossense de Matemática (OPMat); Polo Olímpico de Treinamento Intensivo (POTI); e PIC (Programa de Iniciação Científica Júnior). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e os sujeitos são 260 estudantes que participam desses programas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários, organizados e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, de onde foi possível identificarmos sete categorias: Matemática como algo desafiador, como uma conquista; Matemática relacionada a cálculos/raciocínio; Matemática com algo essencial; Matemática como algo prazeroso/agradável; Matemática como oportunidades; Matemática como descoberta; e, Matemática como sinônimo de inteligência. Nossos resultados apontam que o significado da matemática para esses estudantes que participam desses programas de incentivo à aprendizagem matemática, está atrelado a aspectos positivos do processo de ensino e aprendizagem da matemática, bem como àquilo que ela pode lhes proporcionar.
Palavras-chave: Matemática; olimpíadas de Matemática; concepções de aprendizagem; sucesso.
Correction of stress hyperglycemia in surgical patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors:   Alexandrovskiy clinical hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kryvorchuk I.G. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Leshchishin I.M. ,   Alexandrovskiy clinical hospital, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Taking into account that stress and diabetic hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for increased mortality in surgical patients with metabolic syndrome, an increase in the time spent by patients in intensive care units and the cost of treatment, it is important to carry out treatment, in particular, infusion therapy with the appointment of drugs that do not increase glucose levels and help to reduce the need for insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus in the postoperative period. Aim is to assess the effectiveness of the drug Xylat as an integral component of intensive care for patients with metabolic syndrome in perioperative period. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 21 women with metabolic syndrome who underwent urgent surgical intervention for tumors in pelvic area. All patients received Xylat (Yuria-Pharm) – 5-6 ml/kg/day, 50-70 drops/min for 3 days in the postoperative period. The control group consisted of 15 women with metabolic syndrome, who underwent surgical treatment in the regional clinical hospital for ovarian tumors, but received alternative infusion therapy during the postoperative period (according to archived case histories). Results. The data of our study showed that the drug Xylatum (Yuria-Pharm) helps to reduce the risk of the severity of stress hyperglycemia, suppresses the risk of lactacidemia, provides energy support for postoperative patients with diabetes mellitus with an insulin+independent metabolism, and stimulates the production of endogenous insulin in critically ill patients. Conclusions. With the use of Xylate, the tolerance to carbohydrates increases. It has a very low glycemic index, antiketogenic properties, does not adversely affect the central nervous system, the exchange of hormones and neurotransmitters. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: surgical patients, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, infusion therapy, metabolic syndrome, Xylatum.
Implementation of provider accreditation in Ukraine: the role and responsibilities of providers in continuing medical education/continuing professional development
Authors:   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Marushko R.V.
Published: November 2020

In order to provide the best possible care for patients, medical professionals must constantly learn. Exactly through continuing education that medical workers improve their professionalism in practice. The key link in the system of continuing medical education (CME), continuous professional development (CPD) is a provider or organizer of educational activities, an organization that plans, organizes and conducts educational events for medical professionals. The main requirements for the activities of providers or organizers of CME-CPD are impartiality, independence in planning, preparing and conducting educational events on a regular basis, at a high professional level with the involvement of highly qualified specialists. Purpose — to describe the role of providers in the CME-CPD system, their responsibility in complying with the requirements and standards of accredited education, the peculiarities of their activities during the reform of medicine in Ukraine and integration into the international community in the field of CME-CPD. The recommendations, provided in the article, can be used by CME-CPD participants or stakeholders who are aimed at actively participating in the implementation of a new accreditation system, namely, provider accreditation with its subsequent support and development. On the way to achieving stable results in the organization of CME-CPD, it is important for Ukraine to join the international community of organizations working in the field of CME-CPD, by introducing a new accreditation system, namely, provider accrediting and achieving it substantial equivalence to international standards. No conflict of interest were declared by the author. Key words: continuing professional development, continuing medical education, accreditation, provider, medical specialists, educational activities.
Peering into the Minds of Gods
Authors: Bendixen Theiss , Purzycki Benjamin Grant
Published: November 2020

Cross-cultural beliefs about gods’ concerns point to local socioecological challenges. Such appeals to gods’ concerns provide insights for understanding religious cognition specifically and the evolution of religious systems more generally. Here, we review case studies to this effect, and introduce the “god-problem problem”: to the extent that gods are concerned with local socioecological problems, which criteria does a problem need to satisfy in order to become an object of supernatural attention? We offer some preliminary solutions to this puzzle, which leads to a related, but often-overlooked, question: granted that features of religions may culturally evolve to adaptively fit to and resolve aspects of the local socioecological environment, what are the psychological processes through which this adaptation could occur? We wager that in order to answer the question satisfactorily, contemporary evolutionary approaches need to work together. Psychologically, the socioecological environment provides the initial impetus for a belief or practice by increasing the cognitive salience of a corresponding local problem and its costs. This increased receptivity makes such ideas and corollary behaviors easier to learn and transmit along the routes posited by dual-inheritance theorists. Behaviors feed back to beliefs and can offset the costs of social life in a variety of ways. As such, examining how cognition, social learning, behavior, and ecological pressures inform each other is especially crucial for understanding the persistence, diffusion, and evolution of religious ideas and practices.
Wraths of Fire
Authors: Kohonen Siria
Published: November 2020

The way people understand and encounter illnesses include influences from human cognition as well as from their cultural surroundings. A conception of illness termed “the wraths of fire” (tulen vihat in Finnish) was a general explanation for severe skin burns in early modern Finland and Karelia, and it included ideas about personified fire and its magically contagious essence. However, the academic conversation on this notion has mostly concentrated on the socio-cultural influences behind it. In this article, I argue that the intuitive level of human cognition (e.g., Kahneman and Frederick 2005; Evans and Frankish 2009) has formed the basic guidelines for this conception of illness. The research materials consist of approximately six hundred archive units of narrated memories on healing events and healing instructions. As the materials are not based on empirical observations by the author, the article also introduces certain methodological questions important for connecting the cognitive perspective with historical materials, such as questions on the reliability of the descriptions of past events.
Teaching-life Histories: An Analysis of Initial and Continuing Training for Twenty-first century Teachers
Authors: Parra-Nieto Gabriel , Navarro-Prados Ana-Belén , Rubio-Muñoz Francisco-Javier , Martín-Fraile Bienvenido
Published: November 2020

This research analyses the teaching practice of retired teachers with the objective of inquiring into the initial and continuing training that twenty-first century teachers need. To this end, a semistructured interview was conducted with an incidental, nonprobabilistic sample of 325 participants and performed quantitative analysis of the data with SPSS 23. The descriptive parameters were produced using frequency analysis. Contingency tables were produced to verify if sex or year of birth explained perceptions of the training required of to be a good teacher. The results revealed significant differences between those born before 1948 and those born after that year.
Caracterización del capital psicológico en el profesorado: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Vizoso-Gómez Carmen
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los estudios sobre el capital psicológico en el profesorado. La muestra fi nal incluye 39 artículos que revelan el interés generado por este tema en los últimos años. Los resultados indican que el capital psicológico se relaciona con la motivación, el desempeño, el compromiso, la salud y el bienestar del profesorado, y que es un protector frente al burnout. Además, el liderazgo del personal de dirección, el apoyo de colegas y algunos rasgos de personalidad del propio profesorado determinan su capital psicológico. Así, esta revisión aporta información relevante para diseñar intervenciones psicoeducativas adecuadas.
Cases of Peasants in the South of Russia in the 20s of the 17th Century
Authors: Lyapin Denis
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Among the materials of the Belgorod Stol of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA), there is an extensive set of documents related to disputes over peasants who fled to the South of Russia from uyezds of other regions of the state. These are “cases of peasants” which were created in the 1620s. They are an important episode of the overall picture of the economic development of Southern Russia in the 17th century. These documents are of great interest for the study of the Russian peasantry.

Methods. The author uses the problem-historical method and traditional methods of working with historical sources. The focus of the article is an attempt to comprehend this vast complex of records management materials. These important materials are connected with the peasant issue in uyezds of Southern Russia in the 1620s. The question is how peasants, who did not have freedom, could move to the South. Unfortunately, this topic was hardly a subject of study in historiography. However, historian Novoselsky showed the importance of studying “cases of peasants”. In the course of the article, the author shows that peasants did not have legal grounds for the resettlement to the southern outskirts. In the last two decades of the 16th century, peasants were attached to the land. This is a wellknown and proven fact. However, in the Time of Troubles, many peasant families fled to the South. It was a time of anarchy. In the 1620s, the flight of peasants continued and was numerous. This triggered the emergence of “cases of peasants”. The author has studied 58 cases of this kind.

Results. The study of these documents shows that the governmental policy regarding the flight of peasants was not harsh. The state allowed the possibility of the flight of peasants. The authorities did not consider landowners who accepted fugitives to be lawbreakers. The rules prohibiting the transfer of peasants began to act only if a landowner found his peasant and filed a lawsuit about his return.
Landscape, Memory, Heritage and Identity (Historiographical Overview)
Authors: Galkova Olga , Petrov Andrej , Glazunov Viktor
Published: November 2020

Introduction. UNESCOs adoption of the Convention “Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” of 1972 led to the discussion on the issues of mutual influence and interdependence of humankind and nature and human perception of the environment and his own ecological niche. As a result of these discussions, the term “cultural landscape” came into use, and became part of the world cultural heritage.

Methods and materials. This study is based on the combination of the general, special historical and cultural methods. The central place among them was occupied by the comparative, analytical, historical-genetic, comparative analysis methods and some methods of historical cultural studies.

Analysis. The evolution of the cultural landscape took place throughout human history and is a unique blend of not only human development. It also reflects, on the one hand, national culture and mentality, and on the other, shows the influence of natural factors on their development. It also helps to understand the mentality of various ethnic groups, similarities and differences in their perception of the world and attitude. The development of the cultural landscape concept has become an integral part of the Anthropocene theory, based on the teachings of V.I. Vernadsky, about the impact and intersection of the geo-, bio- and noosphere in the fate of humankind.

Results. The article considers the development of the “cultural landscape” theory mainly in English and American historiography which conclusively demonstrates how natural factors impact on changes in culture of the same ethnos. Through historiographic studies and comparisons, it becomes possible to trace the importance of preserving and studying the cultural landscapes of the past and present, in order to understand ourselves and be responsible to the world around us.
Participants of Russian Naval Expeditions on the Political and Legal and Socio-Economic Situation of the Turkmen of the East Caspian Region (Mid-18th – Mid-19th c.)
Authors: Pochekaev Roman
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The aim of the paper is to study the notes of the participants of Russian naval expeditions to the east coast of the Caspian Sea since the middle of 18th to the second half of 19th c. as a source of information on the political and legal position of local Turkmen tribes. Another aim is to analyze the significance of this information for the further advance of the Russian Empire to Central Asia.

Methods and materials. The sources of the study are official reports of the heads of expeditions, scientific works and, in some cases, memoirs of the participants. The methods used in the paper are critical analysis of textual sources, historical and legal study, comparative historical analysis, institutional approach.

Analysis. The notes of the participants of Russian naval expeditions contain valuable and sometimes unique information on specific features of the social and political structure of nomadic tribes of the East Caspian region including the political structure of tribes, legal regulation of different fields of relations, such as trade relations, extractive activities, settlement o conflicts, etc. The comparative analysis of the notes demonstrates that by the middle of 19th c. the evaluation of East Caspian nomads became more critical and strict. This reflected the views of Russian political circles on the necessity to strengthen the positions of the Russian Empire in Central Asia even by military methods.

Results. Information of the participants of Russian naval expeditions is of great value as they were eye-witnesses or even participants of political, legal and socioeconomic relations in the region. These notes became a part of the informative and ideological base for the further advance of the Russian Empire to Central Asia.
The echographic characteristics of structural and functional development of organs and systems in children born with low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight
Authors: Khodkevich P. E. , Кulikova K. V. , Gorev V. V. , Deev I. A.
Published: November 2020

Over the past decade, an increase in the survival rate of children born with low birth weight, very low birth weight, and extremely low birth weight has been observed in Russian Federation, which is due to transition to new live birth criteria. Premature infants are exposed to a number of adverse factors that have a negative impact on the development of organs and systems, which, in turn, can lead to the occurrence of acute and chronic diseases in various age periods. Therefore, neonatologists and pediatricians are dealing with a new cohort of small children who have particular features of physical and neuropsychological development which may lead to severe debilitating diseases. This review article surveys previous studies evaluating the echographic characteristics of structural and functional development of the urinary, cardiovascular and endocrine systems as a function of body weight at birth and gestational age, and in different age periods.
Brief resolved unexplained event: how life-threatening are they? (literature review)
Authors: Korableva Natalya N. , Makarov Leonid M. , Balykova Larisa A. , Kotlukova Natalya P.
Published: November 2020

This article presents the view expressed in contemporary scientific literature on the evolution of definitions, diagnostic approaches and risk stratification for suddenly occurred life-threatening conditions accompanied by cardiorespiratory disorders in children of the first year of life. The term “brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE)” has replaced the terms “apparent life-threatening event” and “aborted sudden infant death syndrome”. The provided information is derived from clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Italian Society of Pediatrics dealing with the above clinical conditions. The authors’ view is focused on the life-threatening situations and risk stratification for adverse outcome. The criteria for classifying infants’ condition as a low risk of life-threatening condition following the occurred event are provided. The authors’ collective invites the national pediatric community for a discussion on the issue of a life-threatening nature of BRUE among children of the first year of life in order to build a strategic action plan dealing with the necessity of hospitalization and scope of diagnostic insight into the cause of the event.
L’évolution des rites hindous de la naissance dans la modernité mauricienne
Authors: Ramhota Pavitranand
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente la symbolique et les pratiques rituelles qui, du temps de l’immigration indienne, entouraient autrefois la naissance d’un enfant. Ces rites avaient pour objet l’intégration immédiate de l’enfant dans les groupes de parents, maternels et paternels. Ces cultes autrefois célébrés sur le lieu de la naissance, au domicile des parents dans les camps des sociétés sucrières où ils résidaient, ont de moins en moins cours aujourd’hui quand ils ne disparaissent tout simplement pas. Le rituel de purification du bain de la mère et de l’enfant perdure car il est déterminant en ce qu’il assigne à l’enfant sa position particulière dans la société (avec un nom et une caste). J’aborde, dans un premier temps, les rites de naissance tels qu’ils étaient pratiqués à l’époque de la vie dans les « camps sucriers ». Ensuite je présente ce qui reste aujourd’hui déterminant dans les rituels pratiqués pour analyser en conclusion leur mutation, voire leur quasi-effacement dans l’île Maurice contemporaine