bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basicity of Very Weak Bases in 1,2‐Dichloroethane
Authors: Kaupmees Karl , Järviste Robert , Leito Ivo
Published: October 2016

The basicity scale of very weak bases has been set up in 1,2‐dichloroethane to give, for the first time, reliable quantitative insights into the basic properties of weak bases in a low‐polarity solvent. The scale contains 30 compounds, including anilines; phosphanes, and carbonyl bases, such as esters and amides, linked by 53 relative basicity measurements. The scale spans more than 12 pKip units, expanding to as low pKip values as possible with our current experimental methodology.
A Cascade “Prins‐Pinacol‐Type Rearrangement and C4‐OBn Participation” on Carbohydrate Substrates: Synthesis of Bridged Tricyclic Ketals, Annulated Sugars and C2‐Branched Heptoses
Authors: Rajasekaran Parasuraman , Singh Govind Pratap , Hassam Mohammad , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: October 2016

A “Prins pinacol type rearrangement followed by C4‐OBn participation” in a cascade manner has been observed while probing the fate of carbocation in some carbohydrate derived homoallylic alcohols in the Prins reaction. This has led to an easy access to tetrahydrofuran‐fused bridged bicyclic ketals (or tetrahydrofuran‐fused 1,6‐anhydro‐heptopyranose frameworks) which are further converted into some annulated sugars and C2‐branched heptoses.
Development of CAMD based on the hybrid gene algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm and the application on solvent selection
Authors: Liu Botan , Wen Yantong , Zhang Xuegang
Published: October 2016

In this paper, an evolutionary approach, improved CAMD based on the hybrid gene algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm (GASA), is developed. The new approach combines the feature of GA and SA, avoiding the problem of prematurity. With a new category strategy of candidate groups from the Mod UNIFAC group database adopted, a repair operator is introduced to guarantee the integrity of randomly generated molecules and thus the search of straight chain alkane as well as cyclane solutions can be performed together. The properties of molecules are obtained by the group contribution method. An example of extractive solvent selection for a methanol‐methyl acetate system has been illustrated in detail to further explain the method. The stability as well as other properties of the molecules which the authors think important is considered in the fitness function. Results of the example show that the fitness ranking values are better than those in the literature. The CAMD method in this paper can be used in practical chemical processes.
Combined Post‐ and Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Rezaee Michael E. , Nichols Elizabeth L. , Sidhu Mandeep , Brown Jeremiah R.
Published: October 2016

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well‐recognized complication of left ventricular heart failure (HF).

Hypothesis

Differences exist in demographic, clinical, hemodynamic, and survival characteristics of patients with left ventricular HF who have combined postcapillary and precapillary PH (CpcPH), isolated postcapillary PH, or no PH.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted using a large prospective database of patients undergoing right heart catheterization from 1994 to 2012. One‐year mortality postcatheterization was assessed between PH groups using Kaplan‐Meier and log‐rank techniques, as well as a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mortality rates were calculated for each group as deaths per 100 person‐years.

Results

Of the 724 patients identified, 29.4% (n = 213) had no evidence of PH, 63.1% (n = 457) had isolated postcapillary PH, and 7.5% (n = 54) had CpcPH. Compared with no PH, there was an increased mortality rate within 1 year for CpcPH patients (crude hazard ratio: 5.22, 95% confidence interval: 2.06‐13.22), but not for isolated postcapillary PH patients (crude hazard ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99‐4.57). Adjusted analyses revealed similar results. Mortality rates per 100 person‐years were 3.9, 8.4, and 21.0 for no PH, isolated postcapillary PH, and CpcPH patients, respectively.

Conclusions

Heart failure patients with CpcPH are associated with increased death rate 1 year post–cardiac catheterization, compared with patients without PH. They are a high‐risk PH group and should be evaluated and diagnosed earlier in the disease state.
Fine‐needle aspiration versus core needle biopsy: Reconsidering the evidence of superiority
Authors: van Zante Annemieke , Ljung Britt‐Marie
Published: October 2016

The choice of which invasive procedure to perform for pathologic diagnosis should be a careful analysis of the relative risks and benefits based on data rather than personal taste. Cytopathologists should take an active role in obtaining FNA samples which are adequate for both diagnosis and ancillary testing. This approach optimizes diagnostic accuracy and minimizes morbidity.
Narrative Changes Predict a Decrease in Symptoms in CBT for Depression: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel M. , Silva Joana Ribeiro , Mendes Inês , Rosa Catarina , Ribeiro António P. , Batista João , Sousa Inês , Fernandes Carlos F.
Published: October 2016

Objective

Innovative moments (IMs) are new and more adjusted ways of thinking, acting, feeling and relating that emerge during psychotherapy. Previous research on IMs has provided sustainable evidence that IMs differentiate recovered from unchanged psychotherapy cases. However, studies with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are so far absent. The present study tests whether IMs can be reliably identified in CBT and examines if IMs and symptoms' improvement are associated.

Methods

The following variables were assessed in each session from a sample of six cases of CBT for depression (a total of 111 sessions): (a) symptomatology outcomes (Outcome Questionnaire—OQ‐10) and (b) IMs. Two hierarchical linear models were used: one to test whether IMs predicted a symptom decrease in the next session and a second one to test whether symptoms in one session predicted the emergence of IMs in the next session.

Results

Innovative moments were better predictors of symptom decrease than the reverse. A higher proportion of a specific type of IMs—reflection 2—in one session predicted a decrease in symptoms in the next session. Thus, when clients further elaborated this type of IM (in which clients describe positive contrasts or elaborate on changes processes), a reduction in symptoms was observed in the next session.

Discussion

A higher expression and elaboration of reflection 2 IMs appear to have a facilitative function in the reduction of depressive symptoms in this sample of CBT. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Elaborating innovative moments (IMs) that are new ways of thinking, feeling, behaving and relating, in the therapeutic dialogue, may facilitate change.

IMs that are more predictive of amelioration of symptoms in CBT are the ones focused on contrasts between former problematic patterns and new adjusted ones; and the ones in which the clients elaborate on processes of change.

Therapists may integrate these kinds of questions (centred on contrasts and centred on what allowed change from the client's perspective), in the usual CBT techniques.

When elaborating these IMs successfully, therapists may expect an improvement in symptoms in the next session of psychotherapy.
Use ofAtlanticForest protected areas by free‐ranging dogs: estimating abundance and persistence of use
Authors: Paschoal Ana Maria O. , Massara Rodrigo L. , Bailey Larissa L. , Kendall William L. , Doherty Paul F. , Hirsch André , Chiarello Adriano G. , Paglia Adriano P.
Published: October 2016

Worldwide, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are one of the most common carnivoran species in natural areas and their populations are still increasing. Dogs have been shown to impact wildlife populations negatively, and their occurrence can alter the abundance, behavior, and activity patterns of native species. However, little is known about abundance and density of the free‐ranging dogs that use protected areas. Here, we used camera trap data with an open‐robust design mark–recapture model to estimate the number of dogs that used protected areas in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We estimated the time period these dogs used the protected areas, and explored factors that influenced the probability of continued use (e.g., season, mammal richness, proportion of forest), while accounting for variation in detection probability. Dogs in the studied system were categorized as rural free‐ranging, and their abundance varied widely across protected areas (0–73 individuals). Dogs used protected areas near human houses for longer periods (e.g., >50% of sampling occasions) compared to more distant areas. We found no evidence that their probability of continued use varied with season or mammal richness. Dog detection probability decreased linearly among occasions, possibly due to the owners confining their dogs after becoming aware of our presence. Comparing our estimates to those for native carnivoran, we found that dogs were three to 85 times more abundant than ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), two to 25 times more abundant than puma (Puma concolor), and approximately five times more abundant than the crab‐eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Combining camera trapping data with modern mark–recapture methods provides important demographic information on free‐ranging dogs that can guide management strategies to directly control dogs' abundance and ranging behavior.
Alternative Synthetic Route to Potassium Octacyanidoniobate(IV) and Its Molybdenum Congener
Authors: Handzlik Gabriela , Magott Michał , Sieklucka Barbara , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: October 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Dawid Pinkowicz at Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. The cover image shows the isostructural octacyanidoniobate(IV) and octacyanidomolybdate(IV) anions – building blocks for various magnetic molecular materials.
3‐Trifluoromethylated Coumarins and Carbostyrils by Radical Trifluoromethylation of ortho‐Functionalized Cinnamic Esters
Authors: Chaabouni Slim , Simonet Florent , François Alison , Abid Souhir , Galaup Chantal , Chassaing Stefan
Published: October 2016

A method for the trifluoromethylation of ortho‐hydroxycinnamic esters was developed to achieve the regioselective synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethylated coumarins. The reaction was performed by using the Togni reagent as the CF3 source under mild conditions and showed good functional‐ group tolerance. The scope of this copper‐mediated method was further expanded to the synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethylated carbostyrils starting from ortho‐aminocinnamic derivatives. Interestingly, a sequential one‐pot synthesis of 3‐trifluoromethylated coumarins starting from salicylaldehydes was further developed. The mechanism of this cascade reaction was explored, and a radical pathway was found to be consistent with the obtained results.
Total Synthesis of the Isoketal 5‐D2‐IsoK Natural Product Based on Organocatalysis
Authors: Candy Mathieu , Durand Thierry , Galano Jean‐Marie , Oger Camille
Published: October 2016

The enantioselective total synthesis of the highly reactive isoketal 5‐D2‐IsoK was accomplished. The synthesis involved construction of the isoketal core by an organocatalyzed Michael addition between ideally functionalized aldehyde and nitroolefin partners with good enantioselectivity. The lateral chains were branched through Horner–Wadsworth‐Emmons and Wittig olefinations to provide flexibility, whereas the final deprotection and oxidation steps were performed under mild conditions to avoid known racemization and/or degradation of the very sensitive isoketal.
Comparative electrophysiology of retinal Müller glial cells—A survey on vertebrate species
Authors: Pannicke Thomas , Chao T. Ivo , Reisenhofer Miriam , Francke Mike , Reichenbach Andreas
Published: October 2016

Müller cells are the dominant macroglial cells in the retina of all vertebrates. They fulfill a variety of functions important for retinal physiology, among them spatial buffering of K+ ions and uptake of glutamate and other neurotransmitters. To this end, Müller cells express inwardly rectifying K+ channels and electrogenic glutamate transporters. Moreover, a lot of voltage‐ and ligand‐gated ion channels, aquaporin water channels, and electrogenic transporters are expressed in Müller cells, some of them in a species‐specific manner. For example, voltage‐dependent Na+ channels are found exclusively in some but not all mammalian species. Whereas a lot of data exist from amphibians and mammals, the results from other vertebrates are sparse. It is the aim of this review to present a survey on Müller cell electrophysiology covering all classes of vertebrates. The focus is on functional studies, mainly performed using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. However, data about the expression of membrane channels and transporters from immunohistochemistry are also included. Possible functional roles of membrane channels and transporters are discussed. Obviously, electrophysiological properties involved in the main functions of Müller cells developed early in vertebrate evolution. GLIA 2017;65:533–568
The effect of microenvironmental factors on the development of myeloma cells
Authors: Márk Ágnes , Varga Gergely , Timár Botond , Kriston Csilla , Szabó Orsolya , Deák Linda , Matolcsy András , Barna Gábor
Published: October 2016

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B‐cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and other tissues. Although there are several new therapies, MM remains fatal. The interaction between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment promotes drug resistance and cancer cells survival. In our present work, we compared the antigen expression pattern of normal and pathological PCs and investigated the possible connections between various surface receptors, adhesion molecules, and recurrent genetic aberrations. We showed that the expression of CD29, CD27, and CD81 is lower in MM cells than in normal PCs. We found correlation of chromosome 11 hyperdiploidity and the decrease of CD27 expression. We demonstrated that MM cells with CD20 positivity also have CD28 expression. Multiple myeloma patients with active CD29 showed better response to treatment. Our results suggest that these changes may result in an alteration of the interaction between stromal cell and MM cell facilitating cell survival and the development of a more aggressive and resistant phenotype.
Structural studies of G protein‐coupled receptors
Authors: Lu Mengjie , Wu Beili
Published: October 2016

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest membrane protein family. These receptors sense a variety of signaling molecules, activate multiple intracellular signal pathways, and act as the targets of over 40% of marketed drugs. Recent progress on GPCR structural studies provides invaluable insights into the structure–function relationship of the GPCR superfamily, deepening our understanding about the molecular mechanisms of GPCR signal transduction. Here, we review recent breakthroughs on GPCR structure determination and the structural features of GPCRs, and take the structures of chemokine receptor CCR5 and purinergic receptors P2Y1R and P2Y12R as examples to discuss the importance of GPCR structures on functional studies and drug discovery. In addition, we discuss the prospect of GPCR structure‐based drug discovery. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(11):894–903, 2016
Protein Kinase C Increases 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Oxidation and Inhibits Reduction in Rat Leydig Cells
Authors: GE REN‐SHAN , HARDY MATTHEW P.
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Glucocorticoid hormone controls Leydig cell steroidogenic function through a receptor‐mediated mechanism. The enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) plays an important role in Leydig cells by metabolizing glucocorticoids, and catalyzing the interconversion of corticosterone (the active form in rodents) and 11‐dehydrocorticosterone (the biologically inert form). The net direction of this interconversion determines the amount of biologically active ligand, corticosterone, available for glucocorticoid receptor binding. We hypothesize that 11βHSD oxidative and reductive activities are controlled separately in Leydig cells, and that shifts in the favored direction of 11βHSD catalysis provide a mechanism for the control of intracellular corticosterone levels. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the dependency of 11βHSD oxidative and reductive activities on protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium‐dependent signaling pathways. 11βHSD oxidative and reductive activities were measured in freshly isolated intact rat Leydig cells using 25 nM radiolabeled substrates after treatment with protein kinase modulators. We found that PKC and calcium‐dependent signaling had opposing effects on 11βHSD oxidative and reductive activities. Stimulation of PKC using the PKC activator, 6‐[N‐decylamino]‐4‐hydroxymethylinole (DHI), increased 11βHSD oxidative activity from a conversion rate of 5.08% to 48.23% with an EC50 of 1.70 ± 0.44 μM (mean ± SEM), and inhibited reductive activity from 26.90% to 3.66% conversion with an IC50 of 0.22 ± 0.05 μM. This indicated that PKC activation in Leydig cells favors 11βHSD oxidation and lower levels of corticosterone. The action of DHI was abolished by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. In contrast, addition of calcium to Leydig cells increased 11βHSD reductive activity while decreasing oxidative activity, thereby favoring reduction and conversion of inert 11‐dehydrocorticosterone into active corticosterone. The opposite effect was seen after elimination of calcium‐dependent signaling, including removal of calcium by EGTA or addition of the calmodulin (calcium binding protein) inhibitor SKF7171A, or the calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase|(CaMK II) inhibitor, KN62. We conclude that 11βHSD oxidative and reductive activities are separately regulated and that, in contrast to calcium‐dependent signaling, PKC stimulates 11βHSD oxidation while inhibiting 11βHSD reduction. Maintenance of a predominantly oxidative 11βHSD could serve to eliminate adverse glucocorticoid‐induced action in Leydig cells.
Establishing derived categorical responding in children with disabilities using the PEAK‐E curriculum
Authors: Dixon Mark R. , Belisle Jordan , Stanley Caleb R. , Speelman Ryan C. , Rowsey Kyle E. , Kime Dena , Daar Jacob H.
Published: October 2016

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a procedure to generate derived categorical responding by three children with disabilities and to promote the emergence of untrained intraverbal categorical responses. In the study, three 4‐member equivalence classes including three stimuli (A, B, and C) and a category name (D) for each class were trained using a match‐to‐sample procedure. Test probes were conducted for categorical responding, including both a trained (D‐A) and two derived (D‐B, D‐C) relational responses, as well as the emergence of untrained intraverbal categorical responding (D‐A/B/C) throughout the study. Relational training was effective at promoting the emergence of categorical responding, and two of the three participants demonstrated the emergence of additional intraverbal responding without prior training. The results provide further evidence supporting the practical utility of stimulus equivalence as well as the PEAK‐E curriculum.
Further refinement of video‐based brief multiple‐stimulus without replacement preference assessments
Authors: Brodhead Matthew T. , Abston Gina Warren , Mates Meredith , Abel Emily A.
Published: October 2016

We compared the results of a brief video‐based multiple‐stimulus without replacement preference assessment with no access to chosen activities (MSWO‐NO) to the results of the same assessment with access (MSWO‐WA) with four children with autism. We also compared instructor rankings of activities to MSWO‐WA results. Strong to moderate correlations between MSWO‐NO and MSWO‐WA assessment results were found across all participants. The correlation between MSWO‐WA and instructor rankings ranged from strong to low across all participants. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Mapping Engineering and Development Research Excellence in the UK: An Analysis of REF2014 Impact Case Studies
Authors: Robbins Peter T. , Wield David , Wilson Gordon
Published: October 2016

For the first time, the UK research evaluation system, known as the Research Excellence Framework, considered ‘measures’ of impact in the 2014 review. Here, we focus on impact case studies that had an engineering and international development orientation. We found that writers of impact case studies commonly chose to employ an ecological modernization (economic, environmental, and social value) discourse to shape value claims. We also found that the type of engineering and international development research that appears in impact case studies tends to be high tech, best‐with‐best, and exclusive, rather than low tech, humanitarian, and inclusive.
Understanding trust development in negotiations: An interdependent approach
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Brett Jeanne M.
Published: October 2016

What affects the way that trust develops in negotiations? In two studies, we used an actor–partner interdependence model to investigate how both negotiators' trust propensity prior to the negotiation and two types of behavior during the negotiation affect negotiators' trust development. Study 1 demonstrated that both focal negotiators' (actors') and their counterparts' (partners') trust propensity were positively associated with negotiators' trust development. Study 2 showed that actors' and partners' trust propensity had an indirect effect on trust development via both actors' and partners' negotiation behaviors. Negotiators' trust propensity positively affected their use of Q&A (questions and answers about interests) and negatively affected their use of S&O (substantiation about positions and single‐issue offers). Actors and partners' negotiation behaviors in turn affected their own and their partners' trust development. Our studies propose and test a model to understand how negotiators' trust propensity and negotiation behaviors affect the development of trust in negotiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review for surgical treatment of adult and adolescent laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Lewis Sean , Earley Marisa , Rosenfeld Richard , Silverman Joshua
Published: October 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine if open surgical treatment options for adult and adolescent laryngotracheal stenosis are more successful than endoscopic procedures.

Study Design

Systematic review.

Methods

Embase and MEDLINE were searched for publications on adult and adolescent patients (>13 years old) with laryngotracheal stenosis. Cause of stenosis (intubation, idiopathic, or trauma) and treatments (open laryngotracheal resection with anastomosis, open laryngotracheal reconstruction with expansion grafting, or endoscopic procedures) were included. Primary outcomes are decreased additional surgery performed and success of decannulation, if previously tracheostomy.

Results

There were 297 abstracts reviewed, 104 articles selected for full‐text review, and 39 articles, with 834 pooled patients, included in the analysis. Patients who had an open procedure (resection with anastomosis or reconstruction with expansion grafting) had significantly different outcomes rates; 32% versus 38% (P<.001) received additional surgery and 89%and 83% (P<.001) were decannulated, respectively. For patients who had endoscopic repair, 44% received additional surgery, and 63% were decannulated. Patients with idiopathic stenosis were more likely to receive additional surgery than those with traumatic (54% vs. 25%) and intubation/tracheostomy etiologies (54% vs. 35%). Etiology of stenosis did affect decannulation rates, patients with intubation/tracheostomy etiology had decannulation rates of 88%, compared to traumatic etiologies (78%,P<.001) and idiopathic stenosis (63%,P<.001). Risk of bias did not impact study results and was assessed using a validated instrument, Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies criteria.

Conclusions

Patients with adult laryngotracheal stenosis who undergo laryngotracheal resection with anastomosis receive less surgery compared to those who undergo endoscopic treatment or laryngotracheal reconstruction with augmentation/grafting. Patients with idiopathic stenosis are less likely to receive further surgery compared to those from trauma or intubation/tracheostomy, but have the lowest rate of decannulation.

Level of Evidence

NALaryngoscope, 127:191–198, 2017
Board Applies BFI to Create Joint Employers Even Though the Two Have No Plan for Future Business
Authors: DeMaria Alfred T.
Published: October 2016

Even though the two employers didn't have a contract and had no plans to work together in the future, the National Labor Relations Board said that Retro, an asbestos abatement company, and Green JobWorks, a provider of temporary labor to Retro, were joint employers. Thus, the election that the union petitioned for would be held in a unit of employees that included sole employees of each company (Retro Environmental, Inc. and Green JobWorks, LLC, Case No. 05‐RC‐153468, August 5, 2016).
Thermal Characterization of “Comb‐Like” Block Copolymers Based on PCL Obtained by Combining ROP and RAFT Polymerizations
Authors: Ninago Mario D. , Ciolino Andrés E. , Villar Marcelo A. , De Freitas Augusto G.O. , Muraro Paulo I.R. , Giacomelli Cristiano
Published: October 2016

In this work we report the synthesis of poly(hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate‐graft‐polycaprolactone)‐block‐poly(caprolactone) copolymers, P(HEMA‐g‐PCL)‐b‐PCL, by combining ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (RAFT). The successful synthesis of the targeted “comb‐like” block copolymers obtained was confirmed by 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Size Exclusion Chromatography. Thermal behavior of the copolymers was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and their thermal stability was investigated by modulated thermogravimetric analysis. In this sense, the “comb‐like” block copolymers exhibited controlled molar masses between 6,000 g/mol and 45,000 g/mol, and polydispersity indexes lower than 1.3. Besides, thermal analysis evidenced a noticeable reduction in the melting temperature compared with linear PCL homopolymer, as well as, in the activation energy for the degradation process.
Preparation of Modified Titanate Nanotubes and Its Application in Polyurethane Nanocomposites
Authors: Monteiro Wesley F. , dos Santos Claudia A. B. , Einloft Sandra , Oberson Michèle , Carone Carlos L. P. , Ligabue Rosane A.
Published: October 2016

This work presents the preparation of modified titanates nanotubes with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TNT‐TEOS) and their use in the synthesis of TNT‐TEOS/polyurethane nanocomposite by in situ polymerization. The filler was added in a proportion of 1% (w/w) relative to the polyol weight. The TNT‐TEOS presented a specific surface area of 127 m2/g lower than that obtained for TNT (177 m2/g). The addition of TNT‐TEOS in a polyurethane matrix promoted an increase in thermal stability of the polymer when compared to the pure PU and in crystallinity as observed by increase in melting and crystallization enthalpies. This effect can be attributed to good filler dispersion into polymer matrix and the interaction between the filler and the soft segments of the polyurethane.
Oxygen Permeability of Nanocomposite‐Based Polyolefin Films
Authors: Fujiyama‐Novak Jane H. , Rufino Vivianne , Amaral Rafael A. , Habert A. Claudio , Borges Cristiano P. , Mano Bárbara
Published: October 2016

Polyethylene and polypropylene are vastly employed for packaging due to their high versatility and low cost. However, their films are permeable at different degree to small molecules like gases and the use of additives improves the barrier properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the effect of organically modified montmorillonite on oxygen transport properties of PE and PP films. Nanocomposites were prepared by means of polymer dissolution in organic solvent and subsequent nanoparticle addition at 3, 5 and 10% (w/w). Scanning electron microscopy images of the films indicate the presence of microcavities and some agglomerated nanoclay. On the other hand, X‐rays diffraction analysis shows clay in well‐dispersed state independent of polyolefin type. Enhancement of oxygen barrier is achieved, but this property is dependent on the nanoclay content, polyolefin type and film morphology.
Development of Paint Based on Residue of Expanded Polystyrene: Polymeric Plasticizer Evaluation
Authors: Schwade Paula Vieira , Schneider Gabriela Olsson , Santin Cristiane Krause , de Campos Rocha Tatiana Louise Avila
Published: October 2016

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a polymer with an extensive applicability, however the destination of its residues is little explored. Due to its negative consequences against the environment, an effective application for this waste is required. An example of this segment is the use of expanded polystyrene residue as the polymeric base of paint, aiming areas such as civil construction and wood industry. This research intends to analyze the use of different kinds of polymeric plasticizers, considering the use of aromatic and natural solvents. The main objective is to analyze the influence of each material taking into account properties like elasticity and adhesion on wood substrate. The studied plasticizers were: thermoplastic copolymers ESBR, SIS, SBS, SEBS and the epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). The obtained results showed that the copolymer SEBS presented the most satisfactory performance, being compatible with the expanded polystyrene, providing a homogeneous base resin, which will be used for the paint formulation, considering the addition of pigments and additives.
Solvability and optimal controls of fractional delay evolution inclusions with Clarke subdifferential
Authors: Jiang Yi‐rong , Huang Nan‐jing
Published: October 2016

This article investigates the solvability and optimal controls of systems monitored by fractional delay evolution inclusions with Clarke subdifferential type. By applying a fixed‐point theorem of condensing multivalued maps and some properties of Clarke subdifferential, an existence theorem concerned with the mild solution for the system is proved under suitable assumptions. Moreover, an existence result of optimal control pair that governed by the presented system is also obtained under some mild conditions. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our main results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS): study rationale, design and methods
Authors: Yin Huifang , Phillips Michael R. , Wardenaar Klaas J. , Xu Guangming , Ormel Johan , Tian Hongjun , Schoevers Robert A.
Published: October 2016

Mental health in China is of growing concern to both policy‐makers and researchers. The Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS) was conducted between July 2011 and March 2012 to assess the prevalence and risk factors of mental disorders in the context of recent economic growth and other socio‐demographic changes in Tianjin, a municipality of 13 million on China's eastern seaboard. A multistage cluster random sample selected using probability proportionate to size methods participated in a two‐phase screening procedure: 11,748 subjects 18 or older were screened for risk of psychopathology and then an enriched risk‐proportional subsample of 4,438 subjects was interviewed by psychiatrists using an expanded Chinese version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) Axis I disorders (SCID). The study also collected information about the impairment associated with mental disorders, mental health literacy, the stigmatization of mental disorders, and help‐seeking behavior for psychological problems. This paper provides a detailed overview of the study rationale, objectives, field procedures, and pattern of response. It highlights several of the methodological challenges of maintaining quality control of a complex epidemiological study in the Chinese setting, issues that are relevant to other community‐based epidemiological studies in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Changes in body mass index and waist circumference and concurrent mortality among Swedish women
Authors: Roswall Nina , Li Yingjun , Sandin Sven , Ström Peter , Adami Hans‐Olov , Weiderpass Elisabete
Published: October 2016

Objective

Most studies on obesity and mortality use a single anthropometric measure. Less is known about the effects of weight change on mortality. This study examined changes in body mass index (ΔBMI) and waist circumference (ΔWC) and subsequent all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.

Methods

The study was conducted in the Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort, using self‐reported anthropometric measures from 1991 to 1992 and 2003. Hazard ratios of mortality and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. ΔBMI and ΔWC were examined in quartiles of absolute and relative change, with the second quartile (moderate gain) as the reference.

Results

There was a higher risk of death in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI: HR 1.28 (1.04–1.56). Absolute ΔBMI suggested the same pattern, but the result was nonsignificant. ΔWC was not associated with mortality. In cause‐specific analyses, the association remained significant for cancer mortality only. In sensitivity analyses excluding the first 5 years of follow‐up, the association was, however, attenuated.

Conclusions

This study found a higher risk of death among women in the first quartile of relative ΔBMI compared with the second. It was driven by cancer mortality but may be ascribed to reverse causality. ΔWC was not associated with mortality.
Hydrogels of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose as candidates for biomaterials
Authors: Piña‐Acosta Juan Antonio , Zizumbo‐Lopez Arturo , Licea‐Claverie Angel
Published: October 2016

Nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared based on crosslinked poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) as polymer matrix and nanocrystalline cellulose fibers (NCC) as nanomaterial filler. NCC fibers were obtained by acid hydrolysis of cotton and pristine PHEMA and PHEMA nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by photopolymerization. Physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of pristine and nanocomposite hydrogels were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical tests by submersion compression, and measurements of swelling at equilibrium. Results showed that the compressive modulus of PHEMA hydrogels increased significantly with addition of only 1wt% of NCC fibers. Furthermore, PHEMA nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit higher water swelling degree and are thermally more stable than pristine PHEMA hydrogels. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E278–E285, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
In vivo trapping of FtsH substrates by label‐free quantitative proteomics
Authors: Arends Jan , Thomanek Nikolas , Kuhlmann Katja , Marcus Katrin , Narberhaus Franz
Published: October 2016

FtsH is the only membrane‐bound and essential protease in Escherichia coli. It is responsible for the degradation of regulatory proteins and enzymes such as the heat‐shock sigma factor RpoH or LpxC, the key enzyme of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. To find new FtsH targets, we trapped substrates in E. coli cells from exponential and stationary growth phase by using a proteolytically inactive FtsH variant. Subsequent analysis of the isolated FtsH‐substrate complexes by label‐free nanoLC‐MS/MS revealed more than 50 putative FtsH substrates, among them five already known substrates. Four out of thirty‐seven tested candidates were found to be novel FtsH substrates as shown by in vivo degradation experiments. Six other candidates were degraded by one or more other protease(s). The FtsH substrates SecD and ExbD are involved in transport processes across the membrane, whereas the physiological roles of YlaC and YhbT are yet unknown. The presence of the previously identified YfgM degron in two of the novel substrates suggests general rules for substrate recognition of this unique protease.
Formation of activation‐free, selectively bioconjugatable poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide‐co‐oligoethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) films by surface‐initiated ARGET ATRP
Authors: Lee Bong Soo , Kim Hyunsuk , Choi Insung S. , Cho Woo Kyung
Published: October 2016

Activation‐free copolymeric films possessing high selectivity to target proteins and low biofouling background are prepared via controlled radical polymerization. The copolymeric films are generated by surface‐initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ARGET ATRP) of N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMEMA) by controlling the molar feed ratio of the two monomers. The formation of copolymeric films is characterized by ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared copolymeric films are biotinylated without an activation step. Biotin–streptavidin association is employed as a model system to investigate both selective binding and the relevant signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. When the molar feed ratio of NAS and OEGMEMA is 2:8, the copolymeric film is optimized to give the highest S/N ratio (339.8) according to surface plasmon resonance studies. The highly selective bioconjugation is used to generate micropatterns of rhodamine‐conjugated streptavidin on the copolymeric film. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 329–337
Synergy of DBD plasma and Fe‐based catalyst in NH3 decomposition: Plasma enhancing adsorption step
Authors: Wang Li , Yi Yanhui , Guo Yanjun , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jialiang , Guo Hongchen
Published: October 2016

The synergy between catalyst and plasma has dramatically improved the efficiency of some plasma chemical processes. In this paper, the role of the electronically excited state NH3 (NH3*) in the synergy of a DBD plasma and a Fe‐based catalyst for NH3 decomposition has been studied by in situ optical emission spectra diagnostics, as well as adsorption and desorption experiments. Results reveal that, the NH3* species could adsorb on the catalyst surface with higher adsorption capacity and stronger strength in comparison with ground‐state NH3. The ammonia conversion increased by nearly 40% due to the contribution of NH3* species. Here, the acceleration of the surface adsorption step with excited reactants is proved to be another role of plasma in synergy with heterogeneous catalyst.
Synthesis and biological activity of pyridazine amides, hydrazones and hydrazides
Authors: Buysse Ann M , Yap Maurice CH , Hunter Ricky , Babcock Jonathan , Huang Xinpei
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Optimization studies on compounds initially designed to be herbicides led to the discovery of a series of [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides exhibiting aphicidal properties. Systematic modifications of the amide moiety as well as the pyridine and pyridazine rings were carried out to determine if these changes could improve insecticidal potency.

RESULTS

Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that changes to the pyridine and pyridazine rings generally resulted in a significant loss of insecticidal potency against green peach aphids [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] and cotton aphids [(Aphis gossypii (Glover)]. However, replacement of the amide moiety with hydrazines, hydrazones, or hydrazides appeared to be tolerated, with small aliphatic substituents being especially potent.

CONCLUSIONS

A series of aphicidal [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides were discovered as a result of random screening of compounds that were intially investigated as herbicides. Follow‐up studies of the structure‐activity relationship of these [6‐(3‐pyridyl)pyridazin‐3‐yl]amides showed that biosteric replacement of the amide moiety was widely tolerated suggesting that further opportunities for exploitation may exist for this new area of insecticidal chemistry. Insecticidal efficacy from the original hit, compound 1, to the efficacy of compound 14 produced greater than 10‐fold potency improvement against Aphis gossypii and greater than 14‐fold potency improvement against Myzus persicae. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Host cancelation‐based spread spectrum watermarking for audio anti‐piracy over Internet
Authors: Li Rangkun , Xu Shuzheng , Rong Bo , Yang Huazhong
Published: October 2016

This paper addresses the audio piracy problem over Internet by tweaking data redundancy of host media signal for optimized embedding and extraction of spread spectrum watermarking. In particular, we take into account a special feature that host audio signals have the short‐time stationary property and their major power can be removed using linear prediction filter. By combining the redundancy removing and the improved spread spectrum modulation, host interference is canceled with minimized embedding distortion to the host audio. The data redundancy removing is also applied at the receiver to achieve matched filtering and improved performance. Experiments based on real audio signals show that our proposed scheme performs robustly against various kinds of channel attacks while maintaining high extraction performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Remarks on Applications of Tests for Detecting A Change Point to Psychometric Problems
Authors: Sinharay Sandip
Published: October 2016

Tests for a change point (e.g., Chen and Gupta, Parametric statistical change point analysis (2nd ed.). Birkhuser, Boston, 2012; Hawkins et al., J Qual Technol 35:355–366, 2003) have recently been brought into the spotlight for their potential uses in psychometrics. They have been successfully applied to detect an unusual change in the mean score of a sequence of administrations of an international language assessment (Lee and von Davier, Psychometrika 78:557–575, 2013) and to detect speededness of examinees (Shao et al., Psychometrika, 2015). The differences in the type of data used, the test statistics, and the manner in which the critical values were obtained in these papers lead to questions such as “what type of psychometric problems can be solved by tests for a change point?” and “what test statistics should be used with tests for a change point in psychometric problems?” This note attempts to answer some of these questions by providing a general overview of tests for a change point with a focus on application to psychometric problems. A discussion is provided on the choice of an appropriate test statistic and on the computation of a corresponding critical value for tests for a change point. Then, three real data examples are provided to demonstrate how tests for a change point can be used to make important inferences in psychometric problems. The examples include some clarifications and remarks on the critical values used in Lee and von Davier (Psychometrika, 78:557–575, 2013) and Shao et al. (Psychometrika, 2015). The overview and the examples provide insight on tests for a change point above and beyond Lee and von Davier (Psychometrika, 78:557–575, 2013) and Shao et al. (Psychometrika, 2015). Thus, this note extends the research of Lee and von Davier (Psychometrika, 78:557–575, 2013) and Shao et al. (Psychometrika, 2015) on tests for a change point.
ON THE FOURIER COEFFICIENTS OF SIEGEL MODULAR FORMS
Authors: BÖCHERER SIEGFRIED , KOHNEN WINFRIED
Published: October 2016

One can characterize Siegel cusp forms among Siegel modular forms by growth properties of their Fourier coefficients. We give a new proof, which works also for more general types of modular forms. Our main tool is to study the behavior of a modular form for $Z=X+iY$ when $Y\longrightarrow 0$.
COMPOSITION FACTORS OF A CLASS OF INDUCED REPRESENTATIONS OF CLASSICAL -ADIC GROUPS
Authors: MATIĆ IVAN
Published: October 2016

We study induced representations of the form $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}\times \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{2}\rtimes \unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{2}$ are irreducible essentially square-integrable representations of general linear group and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ is a strongly positive discrete series of classical $p$-adic group, which naturally appear in the nonunitary dual. For $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}([\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{a}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{b}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}])$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{2}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}([\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{c}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2},\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}^{d}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}])$ with $a\geqslant 1$ and $c\geqslant 1$, we determine composition factors of such induced representation.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE SALLY MODULE OF INTEGRALLY CLOSED IDEALS
Authors: OZEKI KAZUHO , ROSSI MARIA EVELINA
Published: October 2016

The first two Hilbert coefficients of a primary ideal play an important role in commutative algebra and in algebraic geometry. In this paper we give a complete algebraic structure of the Sally module of integrally closed ideals $I$ in a Cohen–Macaulay local ring $A$ satisfying the equality $\text{e}_{1}(I)=\text{e}_{0}(I)-\ell _{A}(A/I)+\ell _{A}(I^{2}/QI)+1,$ where $Q$ is a minimal reduction of $I$, and $\text{e}_{0}(I)$ and $\text{e}_{1}(I)$ denote the first two Hilbert coefficients of $I,$ respectively, the multiplicity and the Chern number of $I.$ This almost extremal value of $\text{e}_{1}(I)$ with respect to classical inequalities holds a complete description of the homological and the numerical invariants of the associated graded ring. Examples are given.
Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine
Authors: Kortenaar Neil ten
Published: October 2016

Bharati Mukherjee’s novel Jasmine works well in the multicultural North American classroom because it can inspire playful, mutually contradictory, inherently unstable readings. The novel must not be thought of as inviting one particular reading but as permitting student readers to find the potential for play in categories of identity that implicate them deeply.
Thematics and Hermeneutics in Four Recently Published Books on Middle Eastern/Arab Cinema
Authors: Shemer Yaron
Published: October 2016

Along with the periodic irreverence towards Area Studies by its disciplinary counterparts, there has also been some discomfort within the narrow confines of Film Studies for scholarship that focuses on individual national or regional cinemas. And yet, the growing interest in the cinema of the Middle East (North Africa included) is unquestionable. The four books reviewed here are part of this trend; dozens of other publications on Middle Eastern cinema have been authored in English alone in the new millennium. Explanations for this (re)ignited interest go beyond the obvious political currents in the Middle East and include, inter alia, the increasingly common practice of co-productions, mainly between Europe and the Maghreb, where the terms of the co-production often result in availing Middle Eastern films to international markets and in the inclusion of these films in prestigious film festivals worldwide. The launching of new international film festivals in the Arab world/Middle East furthers the cinematic dialogue between this region and the rest of the world. Concurrently, even a cursory survey will point to the significant surge in courses on Arab/Middle Eastern cinema since the early 2000s in institutions of higher education in the United States and beyond.