bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing interventions to minimize cetuximab-induced dermatologic toxicity
Authors: Larsen Helle M. , Thode Mette , Dieperink Karin B. , Bjerregaard Jon , Pfeiffer Per
Published: February 2017

Objective: This study investigated early nursing interventions with the purpose to minimize cetuximab-induced acneiform eruption. The most important side-effect of cetuximab is dermatologic toxicity, up to 90%. Dose-reduction or interruption of cetuximab reduces severity of dermatologic toxicity, probably at the cost of reduced efficacy of the cancer therapy. Thus, prevention or effective supportive care during treatment is important. The study evaluated if patient education could ensure compliance of cancer treatment and effect of oral tetracycline on acneiform eruption, with the purpose to minimize severity of dermatologic toxicity and reduce the use of tetracycline.Methods: The design was a single group prospective interventional study. Gastro-intestinal (GI) cancer patients treated with cetuximab between April 2009 and June 2011 were educated to start treatment with tetracycline 500 mg twice daily when acneiform eruption occurred. Patient’s dermatologic toxicity were graded (by CTCAE) and registered by nurses.Results: Sixty-three patients were evaluable. Patients started tetracycline when acneiform eruption occurred. It reduced severity but not incidence of acneiform eruption, 10% of the patients never developed acneiform eruption and therefore never received tetracycline.Conclusions: Patient-education by a trained oncology nurse in the handling of cetuximab induced acneiform eruption is manageable and effective and ensures a high number of patients carrying through treatment with a full dose of cetuximab.
Genetic Study of Nutritional and Physicochemical Characters of Chickpea Lines and Cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Bayahi Kaouthar , Rezgui Salah
Published: February 2017

Sixteen Kabuli chickpea lines composed of five varieties released in Tunisia and eleven breeding lines originated from ICARDA have been analyzed to measure their nutritional and physicochemical properties and to evaluate their seed quality. The analysis showed variability among the investigated material in terms of physicochemical characteristics of seeds (weight of 100 seeds, caliber, hydration capacity, inflation capacity) and flour (density, index of color and rate of proteins) and time of cooking (Table 2).The correlations between nutritional and physicochemical characters showed that they were significant between the weight of 100 seeds and the caliber (0.902), the time of cooking and the caliber (0.421), the index of color and the caliber (-0.334), the weight of 100 seeds and the capacity of hydration (0.580). High heritability was characterizing all the characters excepting the density, humidity and the ashes.The results show that the qualitative improvement of these traits is possible in early generations of a breeding program.The effect of supplementary irrigation was beneficial on the caliber of seeds, the weight of 100 grains, the hydration capacity and the rate of proteins.We consider that the genetics and the agricultural techniques take an equivalent part in the improvement of the quality on chickpea
Heterosis and Specific Combining Ability in Sweet Corn and Its Correlation with Genetic Similarity of Inbred Lines
Authors: Yuwono Purwito Djoko , Murti Rudi Hari , Basunanda Panjisakti
Published: February 2017

The heterosis phenomena has been exploited in hybrid maize field production. Theoretically, heterosis was depending on genetic distance of inbred lines. Meanwhile, different from field corn breeding, sweet corn does not have well defined heterotic group. The objective of this study was to determine genetic similarity (GS) of eight selected inbred lines of sweet corn based on morphological traits and its correlation with specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis. The eight inbred lines were characterized and crossed in full diallel design. Then, the lines, F1 and its reciprocal, were evaluated by using the Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The result showed positive heterosis and SCA effect in most of the hybrids which indicated the heterosis effect in the hybrids performance. Based on the morphological traits, the genetic similarity between the inbred lines was 62.2-82.4%. The inbred lines with 70% similarity coefficient were grouped into three. There was significant correlation between the genetic similarity and heterosis in all traits, except in the plant height. Meanwhile, only SCA of days to maturity and TSS showed significant correlation to genetic similarity. This indicated the usefullness of genetic similarity to identify the potential inbred lines for parental hybrid.
Indicators of Food Security in Various Economies of World
Authors: Masih Jolly , Sharma Amita , Patel Leena , Gade Shruthi
Published: February 2017

Food security was a complex sustainable development issue, linked to health and nutrition. It was essential for sustainable economic development, environment, and trade. Many countries were facing food shortages and food distribution problems. This resulted in chronic and often widespread hunger in masses. All nations worldwide, including developed, developing and underdeveloped nations were taking initiatives at micro as well as at macro level to ensure food security. Food security was a complex condition and it had four dimensions – availability, access, utilization and stability. These dimensions were better understood when presented through a suite of indicators. The indicators of food security were analysed and it was found that climate change, government policies and interventions were the most challenging areas. The study was based on 150 research papers related to food security issue in underdeveloped, developing and developed nations. The research tried to embrace discussions related to food security across the globe into a single composition. The study has unveiled the important keywords related to indicators of food security like globalization, government policies and interventions, production technique, human development, PDS, hunger and poverty, hunger and malnutrition, farming technique, climate change, agriculture production, urbanization, health and human development, women empowerment, value chain policy, health and malnutrition etc. which would help policy makers to understand different issues related to policy making in a better way.
Farm-Boarding School Management: Linear Programming Contributions in the Search of Self-Sufficiency and Optimization
Authors: Barros Carina Simionato de , Mendonça Gabriela Geraldi , Gameiro Augusto Hauber
Published: February 2017

Farm schools offer a learning environment for the education of students in Agricultural Technical Programs and offer this program adopting boarding systems (“farm-boarding schools” or “FBS”). The big challenge in FBS is balancing education and production, that is, provide resources for practical classes and at the same time provide food for farm residents from a pre-defined budget by the sponsoring institution. The aim of this paper is to present a linear programming model to plan and optimize FBS production and supply. The model was applied in two FBS in Brazil. The model developed could show the complexity of the FBS system, which features a variety of productions and the interactions among them. The modeling process presented positive results from a technical and managerial point of view, including people management. The formulated model showed an optimized scenario which extended the managers’ analysis horizon and allowed safer decision making. The system’s complexity hampers dialogue between the farm-boarding school team and managers. From the modeling process and the standardization of data and generated results, there was a greater safety margin to present investment proposals and analyzes, accelerating the decision-making process, which was a positive addition to the system.
A Comparative Study of Identity Styles, Quality of Life and Behavioral Problems between Single Parent and Two Parent Adolescents
Authors: Zoleykha Abedini, , Mirmahmoud Mirnasab, , Eskander Fathi Azar,
Published: February 2017

The present study aimed to investigate identity styles, quality of life and behavioral difficulties between adolescents with single and two-parent status. In this causal- comparative study, a total of 214 high school students were selected, then 112 single parent students (59 females and 53 males) were selected by the voluntary response sampling method. Also, 112 students with two parent status were randomly selected. Identity styles Inventory (Bennion & Adams, 1986), quality of life questionnaire and Achenbach Youth Self-Report (YSR) were administered. Analysis of variance and t-test for independent groups were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that in terms of moratorium and Identity diffusion there is no significant difference between single parent and two parent adolescents but there was significant difference in terms of Identity achieved and foreclosure. Single parent adolescents had more Identity achieved and two parent adolescents had more foreclosure. Additionally, the comparisons of quality of life components between these two groups showed that the groups had no significant difference in any of the following measures of the quality of life (e.g., physical health, psychological, social relationships and environmental domains). Finally, the findings showed that there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of behavioral problems. The study showed that single parent adolescents are more anxious/depressive than their two parent peers. This research has some implications for the future studies on investigating the role of family structure in adolescents’ psychological status.
Tipu Sultan’s Role in Forming India’s Independence Fields
Authors: Alemi Khadija , Mousavi Salem Seyyedeh Leila
Published: February 2017

British East India Company was a commercial company in London. Queen Elizabeth I with the aim of gaining commercial advantage in the Indian subcontinent granted a royal charter to this company. This advantage caused to Britain’s military and political presence in the subcontinent. East India Company was become to a major political-financial empire and Muslims of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in its southern regions began their campaigns against political domination of this company. Tipu Sultan chief and ruler of Mysore’s Muslim performed numerous efforts and campaigns to prevent the spread of British influence. This article tries to answer to this question that how was Tipu Sultan’s role in forming India’s independence fields? This research’s main claim is that Tipu Sultan got help from French troops against the company to reduce British influence in the subcontinent but because of sabotages of number of leaders and bitter experience that some new Muslim Hindus had from his actions he did not succeed. This research has been done in library and descriptive and analytical method.
Coordenação em cadeias de suprimentos: o papel da tecnologia da informação e da gestão orientada por processos
Authors: Vilela Bruno De Almeida , Alves Camila De Souza , Ferreira Rui Fernando Correia , Freitas Kenyth Alves de , Souza Junior Wesley Canedo de
Published: February 2017

A coordenação das empresas em uma cadeia de suprimentos reduz potencialmente custos, prazos, perdas e danos, o que melhora o nível de serviço oferecido ao consumidor. Reconhecendo que a utilização da tecnologia da informação pode contribuir na melhoria de processos em uma cadeia de suprimentos, tem-se o seguinte questionamento: “Qual o papel da tecnologia da informação nos modos de coordenação das cadeias de suprimento?” Assim, neste estudo, objetivou-se discutir essa questão e abordar a influência que outros fatores, tais como a qualidade dos relacionamentos e a gestão orientada por processos, possuem na construção da coordenação. A partir de uma uma revisão da literatura, evidenciou-se que os recursos de sistemas de informação têm correlação com a gestão de processos, sendo estes antecedentes dos modos de coordenação e da qualidade do relacionamento.
Stanislav Balík, Lukáš Fasora, Jiří Hanuš a Marek Vlha: Český antiklerikalismus
Authors: Baroš Jiří
Published: February 2017

Knižní recenze / book review.
Definice, příčiny a důsledky kumulace mandátů zákonodárci
Authors: Hájek Lukáš
Published: February 2017

The article deals with various aspects of multiple-office holding. Although the phenomenon is especially influential in connection with legislators, the text offers a critical synthesis of recent findings on multiple-office holding on any level of political decision-making, thus providing a general framework for scholarly discussion and further research. The paper first provides a definition of the concept of multiple-office holding, which has been heretofore lacking in the Czech context. Causes of multiple-office holding are then delineated and divided into the three categories of historical reverberations, systemic elements and individual incentives. Both the positive and negative impacts on a political system are discussed as well. Next, three approaches (direct, indirect, and autoregulatory) of dealing with the practice of multiple-office holding, which are employed by particular political systems, are distinguished. Then, the role of a multiple-office holding in the Czech political system is depicted. The final part of the paper discusses a specific controversy linked to the phenomenon and criticises the lack of proper debates and scientific analyses on the practice.
Obraz první Československé republiky při projednávání Ústavy ČR
Authors: Marková Klára
Published: February 2017

This paper focuses on the image of the political system of the first Czechoslovak Republic in the political discourse connected with the preparation of the Czech Constitution in 1992. It works mainly with records of parliamentary debates between July and December 1992 and considers three types of actors: members of committees working on the constitution, constitutional lawyers and political figures with a significant informal influence, such as Václav Havel. The author asks three interrelated research questions: How was the first Czechoslovak Republic portrayed in the debates on the Czech Constitution? In what context of the discussions and argumentations did the First republic reappear? And what role did the image of the Czechoslovak Republic play in the debates? As I argue, the system of the first Czechoslovak Republic was presented almost always positively, framed by concepts of tradition, democracy, sovereignty, and stability. Conversely, the Senate was portrayed more negatively, as a symbol of inefficiency, futility and expensiveness. The political system of the First Republic and the Constitution of 1920 represented an issue that could not be ignored and had to emerge through discourse. Some speakers did not always portray it properly and rarely spoke about the problematic aspects of the functioning of the political system of the First Republic. However, it was always alluded to as a symbol whose meaning was often more important than its actual content, as it could confirm the legitimacy of power relationships and express identification with a given political line. The fact that the actors chose only certain images of the First Republic, mostly the positive ones, illustrates that they sought to use the power of the symbol of the First Republic.
Body image, self-esteem, media, disordered eating and actual ideal weight discrepancy: Findings in Cyprus
Authors: Argyrides Marios , Sivitanides Marisia
Published: February 2017

The current study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the actual ideal weight discrepancy and the following variables in adolescents from Cyprus: self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, investment in appearance, weight-related anxiety, internalization of the thin and athletic ideals, the perception of the media as a good source of information in regards to appearance, the perception of the media as a source of pressure, and disordered eating symptomatology. The sample consisted of 2220 high school students (881 boys, 1339 girls) who answered the measures of interest. Results indicated significant relationships between the actual ideal weight discrepancy and all the variables of interest. In addition, results indicated weight-related anxiety and appearance satisfaction to be significant predictors of the actual ideal discrepancy in both boys and girls. Significant gender differences concerning the actual ideal weight discrepancy were also found where girls reported higher levels of discrepancy. No differences were found concerning age, socioeconomic status and place of upbringing and residence. The results of this study offer important additional information to the body image and disordered eating literature regarding a construct (actual ideal weight discrepancy) never examined before in Cyprus. This information could be used by Cypriot and European mental health professionals when working with children and teenagers who are at risk for or exhibit symptoms related to eating disorders and in developing prevention interventions.
Teksttype og polyfoni
Authors: Fløttum Kjersti
Published: February 2017

There is a general scepticism as to definitions of text types based on determined lin-guistic criteria. The subject of this article is to show how it is possible to strengthen the linguistic basis of text typologies. After a description of the evolution of text typology from Werlich (1976) via van Dijk (1980) to Adam (1992), linguistic polyphony is presented as a contribution to a linguistic foundation of Adamís prototypical typology. It is shown how the polyphonic structure can describe, make explicit and explain ty-pological text features.
Den etnometodologiske konversationsanalyse som kulturanalytisk metode
Authors: Kjærbeck Susanne
Published: February 2017

This article will focus on the ethnomethodological conversation analysis (CA) as a method for analysing cultural phenomena in conversation. It will present some of CA’s basic assumptions about the social character of situated interaction and the use of con-text in conversation as well as discuss some recent research projects which, based on the conversation analytical approach, focus on cultural aspects of face-to-face or telephone conversation. Finally, it presents basic methodological aspects of the main traditions within cultural analysis, the functionalist paradigm and the interpretive anthropology, and relate the CA approach to these traditions. It is suggested that CA may make significant contributions to the ongoing discussion of methodology within the fields of cultural analysis and intercultural communication, be it the technical skills for analysing organization or identity in talk in interaction, the approach to context, to the interactive character of communication, or the reflexive understanding of the relationship between social and cultural norms and situated interaction.
Metaphor, Meaning and Translation
Authors: Cristofoli Mirella , Dyrberg Gunhild , Stage Lilian
Published: February 2017

Over the last decades, metaphor has been subject to intensive research within philoso-phy, psychology, psychiatry, pedagogics, etc., whereas there has been less focus on the study of metaphor as a linguistic utterance. But to a translator metaphor is a very intriguing practical linguistic problem. How do we translate for instance the Danish metaphor blæksprutte? In this article, we will discuss to what extent ordinary dictionaries may be of use (can you look up the metaphor blæksprutte?) and will describe the data-base of metaphors that we are establishing with examples from economic and political texts in Danish, French and Italian. The database is organized as a thesaurus where metaphorical utterances are categorized under Meaning and Source domain and where translators may find inspiration when having to render metaphors in the three lan-guages.
Pérdida de diversidad en la comunidad de micromamíferos del Parque Nacional de Doñana durante las últimas cuatro décadas
Authors: Moreno Sacramento , Palomo L. Javier , Fernández M. Carmen , Sánchez-Suárez Cristina , Santoro Simone
Published: February 2017

In this study, we analyze the changes occurred since 1978 in the community of small mammals of Doñana and the relationship with local climatic changes. Capture-mark-recapture methods were carried out for a total of 16 years, distributed over the last four decades. The results clearly reflect a significant loss of diversity and decline of the community of small mammals, with the virtual disappearance of Eliomys quercinus and Rattus rattus, the sharp decline of Apodemus sylvaticus and the progressive domination of Mus spretus, which is a worrying process because the small mammals are, after the rabbit, the most commonly group of prey consumed by carnivores and raptors in Doñana. The detected changes could have a certain causal relationship with the progressive increase in temperature detected during the study period in Doñana, which would be supported by the fact that species in clear regression are those of eurasian origin and northern distribution E. quercinus and R. rattus, while the current dominant species, M. spretus, has a North African origin and a Mediterranean distribution. Another possibility, not exclusive, is that extreme rarefaction of rabbit may have caused changes in interspecific relationships of the community of vertebrates, and that the impact caused by carnivores and raptors could deviate progressively towards smaller species (from rabbits, to rats and dormice) determining a gradual decline in their abundance.
Distribución del meloncillo (Herpestes ichneumon) en la provincia de Granada
Authors: González-Broco Cristina , Vázquez Javier , Larios-López J. Enrique , Fernández Alberto , Cortés Sergio , Blanca Ismael , Santiago J. Salvador , Sacramento Jairo , Castillo Salvador , Fernández-Cardenete J. Ramón , Vadillo Aurora , Bautista Jesús , Jaramillo Javier , Barea-Azcón J. Miguel , Virgós Emilio
Published: February 2017

The Egyptian mongoose is expanding in the center and north of the Iberian Peninsula. So far no studies confirm the dispersal process in the most southeastern distribution, which was previously located between the provinces of Malaga and Granada. Through a systematic and intensive methodology focused on detecting mongoose (hair-traps, sign surveys and questionnaires), 49 UTM-grids (10x10 km) were sampled in approximately the western region of the province of Granada, between November 2014 and January 2015. The presence of the species has been confirmed in 16 grids (scientific literature, hair-traps, roadkills, records from wildlife recovery centers, kills in hunting grounds, reliable quotes from camera traps and/or taxidermy) and in other 6 grids the presence was considered probable (sightings without photo, fingerprints and surveys). Our results show that the mongoose is undergoing an expansion to the southeastern part of the Peninsula. This study also shows that hair-traps are a non-invasive method highly effective for monitoring the distribution of this species. These results could be a useful management tool in conservation projects and research on this species.
Veintiuna líneas que cambiaron la Historia de la Ciencia en Nueva Granada y su relación con la Metrópoli. Análisis de la descripción de la Flora de Bogotá de Francisco Antonio Zea a Antonio José Cavanilles
Authors: Amaya José Antonio , Rendón Acosta Julián
Published: February 2017

This article analyzes the discourse that Antonio José Cavanilles (1745-1804) gave to a description by Francisco Antonio Zea (1766-1822) of the Flora de Bogotá (1798), en “Materiales para la historia de la botánica” (1800) —Anales de Historia Natural,the first Spanish journal dedicated to the sciences. This representation contributed to magnifying the image of José Celestino Mutis (1732-1808) and his work, and gave the botany of Nueva Granada a place of honor in Spain after forty years of marginalization. Its impact in the Iberian Peninsula during more than fifteen years imposed it as a reference point for moving manu militari the cabinet of the Botanical Expedition to Madrid (1817).
Administración y materialidad: una etnografía del Juzgado del Crimen del Rosario (Argentina, segunda mitad del siglo XIX)
Authors: Piazzi Carolina Andrea
Published: February 2017

For the purpose of restoring the historical condition of the administrative activity of the state in Argentina, this article examinesjudicial activity in administrative terms. In doing so, it explores certain dimensions of analysis such as the times, the material, the distances, the places and the institutional dynamics that the agents of the Criminal Court of Rosario (Argentina) encountered in the performance of their duties. For this purpose it adopts an “ethnographic approach,” since the methodological exercise becomes a sort of “being there” for the anthropologist: the same agents (judges, governor, minister, political boss, justice officials) giving account of their daily activity, and the results of their actions become the subject of the study. The different dimensions presented in this research show the materiality of the everyday administrative work to which it obtains access “ethnographically” by following up on the work of judicial agents.
Multiplex image-based autophagy RNAi screening identifies SMCR8 as ULK1 kinase activity and gene expression regulator
Authors: Jung Jennifer , Nayak Arnab , Schaeffer Véronique , Starzetz Tatjana , Kirsch Achim K , Müller Stefan , Dikic Ivan , Mittelbronn Michel , Behrends Christian
Published: February 2017

Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation pathway that depends on membrane trafficking. Rab GTPases are central for autophagy but their regulation especially through the activity of Rab GEFs remains largely elusive. We employed a RNAi screen simultaneously monitoring different populations of autophagosomes and identified 34 out of 186 Rab GTPase, GAP and GEF family members as potential autophagy regulators, amongst them SMCR8. SMCR8 uses overlapping binding regions to associate with C9ORF72 or with a C9ORF72-ULK1 kinase complex holo-assembly, which function in maturation and formation of autophagosomes, respectively. While focusing on the role of SMCR8 during autophagy initiation, we found that kinase activity and gene expression of ULK1 are increased upon SMCR8 depletion. The latter phenotype involved association of SMCR8 with the ULK1 gene locus. Global mRNA expression analysis revealed that SMCR8 regulates transcription of several other autophagy genes including WIPI2. Collectively, we established SMCR8 as multifaceted negative autophagy regulator.
Slow motion
Authors: Uchida Naoshige , Cohen Jeremiah Y
Published: February 2017

Optogenetic stimulation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe causes mice to move more slowly without causing any apparent motor deficits or anxiety-like effects.
Transnasjonale helsepraksiser. Bruk av helsetjenester blant polske arbeidsinnvandrere i Norge
Authors: Stachowski Jakub , Rye Johan Fredrik
Published: February 2017

Transnational Health Practices Among Polish Labor Migrants in NorwayThe article discusses the use of health-care services among Polish labor migrants in Norway. We apply theories of patient–physician relationship, trust, and transnationalism to analyze a material of qualitative in-depth interviews with eleven Polish labor migrants about their health practices. The material demonstrates how and why many Polish labor migrants evaluate Norwegian primary health care negatively. Their main reason for doing so is the non-paternalistic doctor–patient relationship. They therefore supplement Norwegian health services with health services available in their home country. However, the labor migrants tend to evaluate the Norwegian health system more favorably as time passes. In total, the Poles establish creative, reflexive, competent, and dynamic health practices that go beyond national state borders and combine elements of two health-care systems. We argue that these practices enable migrants to enhance the total quality of their health care.
Faktorer som virker inn ved frafall i døgnbehandling for pasienter med ruslidelser. En case studie med vekt på både pasient- og behandlerperspektivet
Authors: Ormbostad Helga A. K. , Dale Karl Yngvar , Gjengedal Eva Johanne , Stallvik Marianne
Published: February 2017

Factors affecting dropout from residential treatment for patients with substance use disorders. A case study with emphasis on both patient and clinician perspectivesRetention in substance abuse treatment is one of the most consistent predictors of successful treatment. Despite dropout rates from 17-57% for inpatient treatment, little is known of potential risk factors related to treatment programs and processes. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge of this phenomenon by studying underlying processes and conditions associated with dropout. The Case study method is chosen because of the scant literature and the ability of this method to gain in-depth information. The data material consists of qualitative interviews of patients and clinical staff together with journal material. The results indicate complex conditions associated with attrition and that the patients left treatment despite positive experiences and perceived usefulness of the program. It is suggested that there might be a process prior to the decision of leaving and that special attention should be paid to patients at higher risk for dropout.
Modafinil decreases anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish
Authors: Johnson Adrian , Hamilton Trevor James
Published: February 2017

Modafinil (2-((diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl)acetamide), a selective dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor, is most commonly prescribed for narcolepsy but has gained recent interest for treating a variety of disorders. Zebrafish (Danio rerio)are becoming a model of choice for pharmacological and behavioural research. To investigate the behavioural effects of modafinil on anxiety, we administered doses of 0, 2, 20, and 200 mg/L for 30 minutes then tested zebrafish in the novel approach test. In this test, the fish was placed into a circular arena with a novel object in the center and motion-tracking software was used to quantify the time the fish spent in the outer area of the arena (thigmotaxis zone), middle third of the arena (transition zone) and center of the arena, as well as total distance traveled, immobility and meandering. Modafinil caused a decrease in time spent in the thigmotaxis zone and increased time spent in the transition zone across all doses. Modafinil did not significantly alter the time spent in the center zone (near the novel object), the distance moved, meandering, or the duration of time spent immobile. We also validated this test as a measure of anxiety with the administration of ethanol (1%) which decreased time spent in the thigmotaxis zone and increased time spent in the transition zone. These results suggest that modafinil decreases anxiety-like behaviour in zebrafish.
Spawning aggregation of white-streaked grouperEpinephelus ongus: spatial distribution and annual variation in the fish density within a spawning ground
Authors: Nanami Atsushi , Sato Taku , Kawabata Yuuki , Okuyama Junichi
Published: February 2017

White-streaked grouper (Epinephelus ongus) is an important fisheries target and forms spawning aggregations at particular spawning grounds. The aims of the present study were to investigate the ecological characteristics of annual spawning aggregations such as (1) spatial variations in the density ofE. ongusat the spawning ground, (2) the relationship between fish density and environmental variables, (3) inter-annual variations in the spawning aggregation, (4) the proportion of males to females at the spawning ground for several days pre—and post-spawning and (5) the relationship between male density and female density at the protected spawning ground, based on observations over five years at an Okinawan coral reef. Although the protected spawning ground area was large (ca. 2,500 m × 700 m), high density ofE. ongus(over 25 individuals per 100 m2) was found in a limited area (within c.a. 750 m × 50 m). Current velocity and coverage of rocks had significant positive effects on the spatial distribution ofE. ongusat the spawning ground. Inter-annual variation in the degree of aggregation was found and this variation was explained by the annual variation of mean seawater temperature during 40 days before the spawning day. The male–female ratio (male:female) at the spawning ground was ca. 3:1 for three years (May 2012, May 2014 and May 2015) whereas >13:1 for one year (May 2013). Significant positive relationships between male density and female density were found at the aggregation sites. It is suggested thatE. ongususe aggregation sites with greater current velocity to reduce the risk of egg predation and seawater temperature is one of the main factors that is responsible for determining the degree of aggregation. It is also suggested that females possibly select sites with a greater density of males and this selection behavior might be the reason why females arrived at the spawning ground after the arrival of the males. For effective management of spawning grounds, precise site selection as well as the duration of the protection period are suggested to be key aspects to protect the spawning aggregations ofE. ongus, which have been currently achieved at the spawning ground.
Detection of increased heating and estimation of coseismic shear stress from Raman spectra of carbonaceous material in pseudotachylytes
Authors: Ito Keisuke , Ujiie Kohtaro , Kagi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2017

Frictional heat generated during earthquakes provides insight into the coseismic fault strength. To detect increased heating associated with faulting at seismic slip rates, we analyzed the Raman spectra of carbonaceous material in natural and experimental pseudotachylytes derived from argillite. The results indicate that the increased carbonization in pseudotachylytes relative to the host rocks could be detected when the ambient temperature is lower than 280°C. This increased carbonization can occur in ~4–16 s and is preserved even after alteration of pseudotachylytes. The comparison between experiment and Raman data demonstrated that there is a correlation between the average shear stress and the Raman spectra in pseudotachylytes. The average coseismic shear stress estimated from the correlation was 1.8 MPa. The resulting apparent friction coefficient under hydrostatic conditions at depths of 4–6 km was ~0.03–0.05. Raman analysis of carbonaceous material‐bearing pseudotachylytes will be useful for estimation of coseismic fault strength.
An increased abundance of micrometeorites on Earth owing to vesicular parachutes
Authors: Genge Matthew J.
Published: February 2017

Micrometeorites (MMs) are extraterrestrial dust particles that survive atmospheric entry and can be recovered from sedimentary rocks. Fossil MMs allow events beyond the Earth, such as the collisional breakup of asteroids, to be identified. Here the effects of vesicle formation during melting of dust are investigated through numerical modeling and observations of Antarctic MMs. Vesicle formation is shown to cause a parachute effect that causes rapid deceleration, decreasing peak temperature. Vesicular parachuting enhances the abundance of melted MMs formed from phyllosilicate‐bearing C‐type asteroid dust on the Earth surface by a factor of 2. Micrometeorites recovered from the geological record, therefore, are biased toward breakup events involving hydrated C‐type asteroids, whilst those involving phyllosilicate‐poor particles are diluted by the enhanced background flux of hydrous dust. The parachute effect is also likely to increase the delivery of 3He to ocean sediments by C‐type asteroid dust.
Cell Guidance on Nanostructured Metal Based Surfaces
Authors: Zhukova Yulia , Skorb Ekaterina V.
Published: February 2017

Metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior is an attractive strategy to improve parts of medical implants, lab‐on‐a‐chip, soft robotics, self‐assembled microdevices, and bionic devices. Here, we discus important parameters, relevant trends, and specific examples of metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior on metal‐based hybrid surfaces. Surface nanostructuring allows precise control of cell morphology, adhesion, internal organization, and function. Pre‐organized metal nanostructuring and dynamic stimuli‐responsive surfaces are used to study various cell behaviors. For cells dynamics control, the oscillating stimuli‐responsive layer‐by‐layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte assemblies are discussed to control drug delivery, coating thickness, and stiffness. LbL films can be switched “on demand” to change their thickness, stiffness, and permeability in the dynamic real‐time processes. Potential applications of metal‐based hybrids in biotechnology and selected examples are discussed.
CO2‐to‐Methanol Hydrogenation on Zirconia‐Supported Copper Nanoparticles: Reaction Intermediates and the Role of the Metal–Support Interface
Authors: Larmier Kim , Liao Wei‐Chih , Tada Shohei , Lam Erwin , Verel René , Bansode Atul , Urakawa Atsushi , Comas‐Vives Aleix , Copéret Christophe
Published: February 2017

Methanol synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation is a key process in a methanol‐based economy. This reaction is catalyzed by supported copper nanoparticles and displays strong support or promoter effects. Zirconia is known to enhance both the methanol production rate and the selectivity. Nevertheless, the origin of this observation and the reaction mechanisms associated with the conversion of CO2 to methanol still remain unknown. A mechanistic study of the hydrogenation of CO2 on Cu/ZrO2 is presented. Using kinetics, in situ IR and NMR spectroscopies, and isotopic labeling strategies, surface intermediates evolved during CO2 hydrogenation were observed at different pressures. Combined with DFT calculations, it is shown that a formate species is the reaction intermediate and that the zirconia/copper interface is crucial for the conversion of this intermediate to methanol.
Hollow Iron–Vanadium Composite Spheres: A Highly Efficient Iron‐Based Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst without the Need for Nickel or Cobalt
Authors: Fan Ke , Ji Yongfei , Zou Haiyuan , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhu Bicheng , Chen Hong , Daniel Quentin , Luo Yi , Yu Jiaguo , Sun Licheng
Published: February 2017

Noble‐metal‐free bimetal‐based electrocatalysts have shown high efficiency for water oxidation. Ni and/or Co in these electrocatalysts are essential to provide a conductive, high‐surface area and a chemically stable host. However, the necessity of Ni or Co limits the scope of low‐cost electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a hierarchical hollow FeV composite, which is Ni‐ and Co‐free and highly efficient for electrocatalytic water oxidation with low overpotential 390 mV (10 mA cm−2 catalytic current density), low Tafel slope of 36.7 mV dec−1, and a considerable durability. This work provides a novel and efficient catalyst, and greatly expands the scope of low‐cost Fe‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting without need of Ni or Co.
A Ruthenium Complex–Porphyrin–Fullerene‐Linked Molecular Pentad as an Integrative Photosynthetic Model
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Föhlinger Jens , Petersson Jonas , Hammarström Leif , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: February 2017

A ruthenium complex, porphyrin sensitizer, fullerene acceptor molecular pentad has been synthesized and a long‐lived hole–electron pair was achieved in aqueous solution by photoinduced multistep electron transfer: Upon irradiation by visible light, the excited‐state of a zinc porphyrin (1ZnP*) was quenched by fullerene (C60) to afford a radical ion pair, 1,3(ZnP.+‐C60.−). This was followed by the subsequent electron transfer from a water oxidation catalyst unit (RuII) to ZnP.+ to give the long‐lived charge‐separated state, RuIII‐ZnP‐C60.−, with a lifetime of 14 μs. The ZnP worked as a visible‐light‐harvesting antenna, while the C60 acted as an excellent electron acceptor. As a consequence, visible‐light‐driven water oxidation by this integrated photosynthetic model compound was achieved in the presence of sacrificial oxidant and redox mediator.
(Ge4Bi14)4−: A Case of “Element Segregation” on the Molecular Level
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: February 2017

Extraction of a solid with the nominal composition “K2GeBi” with 1,2‐diaminoethane (en) in the presence of 4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane (crypt‐222) afforded the salt [K(crypt‐222)]4(Ge4Bi14). The 18‐atom Zintl anion (Ge4Bi14)4− has a heretofore unknown molecular topology, which can be thought of as the formal condensation product of two E113− cages along a shared Ge4 waist. In this way, (Ge4Bi14)4− represents the largest and most structurally complex Bi‐containing polyanion. We describe its stepwise formation, its geometric and electronic structure, and comment on relative stabilities of isomers with different distributions of the four Ge atoms on the 18 positions that were investigated using DFT calculations.
Binuclear, High‐Valent Nickel Complexes: Ni−Ni Bonds in Aryl–Halogen Bond Formation
Authors: Diccianni Justin B. , Hu Chunhua , Diao Tianning
Published: February 2017

Metal–metal bonds play a vital role in stabilizing key intermediates in bond‐formation reactions. We report that binuclear benzo[h]quinoline‐ligated NiII complexes, upon oxidation, undergo reductive elimination to form carbon–halogen bonds. A mixed‐valent Ni(2.5+)–Ni(2.5+) intermediate is isolated. Further oxidation to NiIII, however, is required to trigger reductive elimination. The binuclear NiIII–NiIII intermediate lacks a Ni−Ni bond. Each NiIII undergoes separate, but fast reductive elimination, giving rise to NiI species. The reactivity of these binuclear Ni complexes highlights the fundamental difference between Ni and Pd in mediating bond‐formation processes.
An Unconventional Mechanistic Insight into SCF3 Formation from Difluorocarbene: Preparation of 18F‐Labeled α‐SCF3 Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zheng Jian , Cheng Ran , Lin Jin‐Hong , Yu Dong‐Hai , Ma Longle , Jia Lina , Zhang Lan , Wang Lu , Xiao Ji‐Chang , Liang Steven H.
Published: February 2017

Trifluoromethylthiolation by sulfuration of difluorocarbene with elemental sulfur is described for the first time, which overrides long‐standing trifluoromethyl anion‐based theory. Mechanistic elucidation reveals an unprecedented chemical process for the formation of thiocarbonyl fluoride and also enables transition‐metal‐mediated trifluoromethylthiolation and [18F]trifluoromethylthiolation of α‐bromo carbonyl compounds with broad substrate scope and compatibility.
Enhancement of C−H Oxidizing Ability in Co–O2 Complexes through an Isolated Heterobimetallic Oxo Intermediate
Authors: DeRosha Daniel E. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Lukat‐Rodgers Gudrun , Rodgers Kenton R. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: February 2017

The characterization of intermediates formed through the reaction of transition‐metal complexes with dioxygen (O2) is important for understanding oxidation in biological and synthetic processes. Here, the reaction of the diketiminate‐supported cobalt(I) complex LtBuCo with O2 gives a rare example of a side‐on dioxygen complex of cobalt. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational data are most consistent with its assignment as a cobalt(III)–peroxo complex. Treatment of LtBuCo(O2) with low‐valent Fe and Co diketiminate complexes affords isolable oxo species with M2O2 “diamond” cores, including the first example of a crystallographically characterized heterobimetallic bis(μ‐oxo) complex of two transition metals. The bimetallic species are capable of cleaving C−H bonds in the supporting ligands, and kinetic studies show that the Fe/Co heterobimetallic species activates C−H bonds much more rapidly than the Co/Co homobimetallic analogue. Thus heterobimetallic oxo intermediates provide a promising route for enhancing the rates of oxidation reactions.
Steering Siglec–Sialic Acid Interactions on Living Cells using Bioorthogonal Chemistry
Authors: Büll Christian , Heise Torben , van Hilten Niek , Pijnenborg Johan F. A. , Bloemendal Victor R. L. J. , Gerrits Lotte , Kers‐Rebel Esther D. , Ritschel Tina , den Brok Martijn H. , Adema Gosse J. , Boltje Thomas J.
Published: February 2017

Sialic acid sugars that terminate cell‐surface glycans form the ligands for the sialic acid binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (Siglec) family, which are immunomodulatory receptors expressed by immune cells. Interactions between sialic acid and Siglecs regulate the immune system, and aberrations contribute to pathologies like autoimmunity and cancer. Sialic acid/Siglec interactions between living cells are difficult to study owing to a lack of specific tools. Here, we report a glycoengineering approach to remodel the sialic acids of living cells and their binding to Siglecs. Using bioorthogonal chemistry, a library of cells with more than sixty different sialic acid modifications was generated that showed dramatically increased binding toward the different Siglec family members. Rational design reduced cross‐reactivity and led to the discovery of three selective Siglec‐5/14 ligands. Furthermore, glycoengineered cells carrying sialic acid ligands for Siglec‐3 dampened the activation of Siglec‐3+ monocytic cells through the NF‐κB and IRF pathways.
A General and Highly Selective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of N‐Heteroarenes under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Adam Rosa , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2017

Herein, a general and efficient method for the homogeneous cobalt‐catalyzed hydrogenation of N‐heterocycles, under mild reaction conditions, is reported. Key to success is the use of the tetradentate ligand tris(2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)phosphine). This non‐noble metal catalyst system allows the selective hydrogenation of heteroarenes in the presence of a broad range of other sensitive reducible groups.
Experimental and numerical investigations of the interlaminar shear properties of carbon/carbon composites
Authors: Li Xin , Yan Ying , Tan Yongyang , Guo Fangliang , Hong Yang , Tian Ziyang
Published: February 2017

Experimental tests and numerical simulations were implemented to investigate the interlaminar shear properties of carbon/carbon composites (C/Cs). A unit‐cell model, according to the microstructure of the C/Cs, was used to predict material properties of the C/Cs. A three‐dimensional finite element model was established to investigate the damage behavior of C/Cs on the basis of Linde failure criterion and damage evolution. Good agreement, in terms of the load force history and failure modes, was observed between the experimental and numerical results; this provided the applicability of the numerical simulation. The test results show that the interlaminar shear strength of the C/Cs was 10.52 MPa and the value of the simulation result was 10.89 MPa, with the relative error being less than 4%. Damage contours and stress distribution analysis of the simulation results are discussed. Fiber damage occurred at the bottom of the specimen, and matrix damage was found in the upper half of the specimen; this was similar to the appearance of the tested specimens. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44783.