bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular interactions between polyarylenephthalides surface and organic compounds of different nature by inverse gas chromatography data
Authors: Gus’kov Vladimir Yu. , Shaihitdinova Yulia F. , Zilberg Rufina A. , Kraikin Vladimir A. , Maistrenko Valery N.
Published: April 2019

Polyarylenephthalides are a promising class of polymeric materials. They are soluble in organic solvents, but remain resistant to water, as well as to acids and bases. All this makes polyarylenphthalide promising materials for the formation of films on surfaces. However, for this it is necessary to first study the ability of polyarylenephthalides to different intermolecular interactions, as well as the polarity of their surface.Therefore, it is of interest to use the inverse gas chromatography method for studying the adsorption properties of the surface of  polyarylenephthalates, as well as the evaluation of its conditional polarity.      Two polymers of the class of polyarylenephthalides were used as the studied samples: chlorinated (in position 4) poly  phthalidylidenefluorene) (OPS-236) and poly (phthalidylidene diphenyl) (PE-259). They are distinguished by the presence of a methylene group between two benzene rings. Inert solid support Chromaton NAW was used as a solid substrate for the deposition of polyarylenphthalide films. The application was carried out from chloroform by evaporation of the solvent at a temperature of 40 ° C. The amount of the applied polymer was 1% by weight of the inert carrier.      The study was conducted by the method of inverse gas chromatography. Samples were introduced as diluted vapor-air mixtures at the limit of the detector sensitivity. This made it possible to measure the retention parameters in the Henry region and consider the interactions between sorbate molecules to be negligible. The relative conditional polarity of the surface and the contributions of various intermolecular interactionsto adsorption free energy were estimated by the method of linear free energy relationship (LFER). From the obtained LFER-coefficients, the contributions of intermolecular interactions to the adsorption energy were calculated, and the relative conditional polarity of the surface was also estimated. The dispersion and specific component of the Helmholtz free energy of adsorption was calculated by the Dong method.        It has been established that adsorbents based on polyarylenephthalides are able to act as stationary phases for chromatography. It is shown that polyarylenephthalide films are capable of both dispersion and various specific interactions with organic molecules. The surface of polyarylenephthalides can be attributed to stationary phases of medium polarity, more polar than porous polymers based on styrene and divinylbenzene and less polar than silica gels.
EVOLUTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF SAMARA FROM THE LATE XVIII TO THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
Authors: Gromilina Elvira Alekseevna , Samogorov Vitaly Aleksandrovich , Filippov Vasily Dmitrievich
Published: April 2019

The article dwells upon master plans of the city of Samara from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 21st century in the context of successive development. The most typical historical, socio-economic and natural-geographical factors that determined continuity of the city planning development during this period were revealed. The planning structure, architectural and spatial environment of the city, functional zoning of the territory and the features of the interaction between the historically established planning structure and the newly adopted planning solutions for the city development are considered. The stages of the formation of the most important element of sustainable urban development - the spatial planning framework - are revealed.
MEMORIAL BEZYMYANLAG: IN MEMORY OF NKVD OSOBSTROY VICTIMS IN SAMARA
Authors: Plotnikov Vladislav Olegovich , Samogorov Vitaly Aleksandrovich , Nasybullina Renata Arturovna , Fadeev Artem Viktorovich
Published: April 2019

The article raises the question of the architectural understanding of the repressions period in the 1920s - 1950s and considers the relevance of this problem today. The historical analysis of documents, dedicated to one of the largest GULAG camps - Bezymyanlag existed in the Samara Region, is provided. Thereby the project of the memorial museum dedicated to the victims of the political repression is proposed. The project is situated at the adits mined by the prisoners of Bezymyanlag in the middle of the 20th century in the Sokoliye Mountains. The main concept of the object is the materialization of time by the interaction of natural light, space and building material.
THE STUDY OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF A NATURAL OBJECT AS AN IMPERATIVE IN MODELING AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Authors: Vologdina Natalya Nikolaevna , Alexandrova Olga Yur'evna
Published: April 2019

The research is based on the study of the genesis of the geological structure, morphology of a natural object, embedded in such “structure” as time. Being an activity tool, philosophy is an important component of preserving the phenomenon of place. The loss of historical and informative artifacts of the environment resulted in the loss of territorial identity. Attention is drawn to the need to restore disturbed landscapes that have a negative impact on the development of urban structures. The paradigm of research, modeling and design of the territory and objects that have lost their natural, aesthetic and cultural essence is proposed. The concept of the method of historical genetic reconstruction as an imperative of research and modeling is introduced. An operating base is being developed for this purpose.
AXONOMETRY AS A METHOD OF ARCHITECTURAL FORMING
Authors: Malakhov Sergey Alekseevich , Boranov Sergey Sergeevich
Published: April 2019

The article puts forward a hypothesis of the architectural shaping method generally caused by the impact on the search process such as the used models and projections. The role of axonometric projection in the aspects of rational and artistic understanding of the architectural form is considered. Rational use of axonometry dates back several millennia, while its fate as a special artistic genre directly related to architecture is associated primarily with avant-garde experiments, primarily with Malevich’s Suprematism, El Lissitzky, Neoplasticism of the De Stijl group. The article highlights the transition from the rational application of axonometry to the artistic, and the resulting effect on this method of search modeling and, accordingly, on the spatial-plastic properties of the architectural form.
SEARCH TOOLS AND COMPETITOR ANALYSIS IN THE MEDIA BUSINESS
Authors: Mategorin N. V. , Vinevskaya E. L.
Published: April 2019

The proposed article is devoted to the study of the main tools for identifying rival enterprises in the market in the field of media-entrepreneurship. The most common methods of competitor analysis are presented.
Determination of the Species of Tephritidae family (Diptera) on Cherry Orchards in Adana Province and Surroundings in Turkey
Authors: ÖZBEK ÇATAL Burcu , ÇALIŞKAN KEÇE Asime Filiz , ULUSOY Mehmet Rifat
Published: April 2019

This study was conducted to determine the species belonging to the
Tephritidae (Diptera) family in the cherry cultivations in Adana province and
surroundings. Samples were collected with periodic and non-periodical survey
from host plants in cherry orchards during 2015-2018. In this study, nine
species belonging to Tephritidae family were found. These species were; Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824), Rhagoletis batava (Hering, 1958), Carpomya schineri (Loew, 1856), Tephritis nigricauda (Loew, 1856), Tephritis fallax (Loew, 1844), Tephritis dioscurea (Loew, 1856), Tephritis hurvitzi (Freidberg, 1981), Tephritis divisa (Rondani, 1871).
Humik Asidin Farklı Uygulama Yöntemlerinin Pamukta Verim, Bitki Gelişimi ve Lif Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: TARHAN Mehmet , KARADEMİR Emine
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışma humik asidin farklı uygulama yöntemlerinin pamukta verim,
bitki gelişimi ve lif kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Araştırma Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme
alanında 2016 yılında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı
olarak yürütülmüş ve denemede materyal olarak Stoneville 468 pamuk çeşidi ile
TKİ Hümas humik asidi kullanılmıştır. Denemede 7 farklı uygulama yer almıştır.
Humik asit uygulamalarının kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi, bitki başına koza
sayısı ve koza kütlü ağırlığı özelliklerine önemli etkisinin olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Çiçeklenme gün sayısı, koza açma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, odun
dalı sayısı, meyve dalı sayısı, ilk meyve dalı boğum sayısı, boğum sayısı,
boy/nod oranı, koza ağırlığı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, çırçır randımanı, ilk el
kütlü oranı ile lif teknolojik özellikleri üzerine uygulamaların önemli bir
etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa humik
asit uygulaması ile kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi ve koza sayısı değerlerinin
arttığı, pamukta humik asit uygulamasının bitkinin çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde
yeşil aksama uygulanmasının daha uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Comparative Fruit Anatomy and Morphology of Four Species Known As Cumin (Kimyon) In Turkey
Authors: TUNCAY Hüseyin Onur , YEŞİL Yeter
Published: April 2019

Herbs and spices have long been used to improve
the flavor of food. Cumin, one of these spices, is widely used all over the
world. However different species known as cumin are used for the same purpose.
According to the data obtained from ethnobotanical studies in Turkey, four
species are known and used as cumin (Kimyon) in the country; Carum carvi L., Cuminum cyminum L., Laser
trilobum (L.) Borkh. and Grammosciadium
daucoides DC. In this study, comparative fruit anatomy and morphology of
species were studied. The purpose of this study was to have easier species
identification by revealing the differences between their fruits. Considerable
differences were observed in the fruit morphology with different shapes. Also,
the fruit surface patterns of species showed important differences with the
only similarities of their surfaces were being striated. Carum carvi and Grammosciadium
daucoides had prominent striae, while Cuminum
cyminum and Laser trilobum
sustained slight striae. Species had different fruit anatomical shapes. The
extent of costal channels and the presence of secondary and primary ribs were
important differences. An identification key based on both morphological and
anatomical characters were presented for the studied species.
Relation between hyponatremia and alteration in gross metabolic parameters after atypical antipsychotic therapy
Authors: Daryani K. K. , Sethi Gargi , Sethi Shivank
Published: April 2019

Background: Weight gain and hyponatremia which is dilutional in nature, has been well known adverse effects associated with use of atypical antipsychotic medication but the plausible impact of dilutional hyponatremia on weight gain has not been explored.Methods: One hundred and three patients more than 18 years of age of either gender who were prescribed, olanzapine or risperidone, were tested for serum electrolytes (Na+ and K+) and gross metabolic parameters (weight and waist circumference) were measured for baseline and post drug testing.Results: Most common age group was 30-39 years of age in the patient study sample (n=103) with 38 (36.90%) patients were females while rest 63 (63.10%) were males. There was no significant association between serum sodium levels and weight gain was observed (p >0.05). It was observed that in olanzapine group 64% of the studied cases had weight gain whereas in risperidone group only 20.8% reported weight gain (p <0.001). There was significant association between olanzapine and increase in waist circumference over risperidone, irrespective to serum sodium status (x2=0.0148, p >0.05).Conclusions: Olanzapine was primarily responsible for weight gain and increase in waist circumference over risperidone. These gross metabolic parameters were not influenced by hyponatremia.
Awareness regarding the importance of vitamin D and prevention of its deficiency among female undergraduate medical students
Authors: Nowreen Nida , Hameed Reqaya
Published: April 2019

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common nutritional disorder that has assumed epidemic proportion. One of the major reasons for the worldwide spread of this disorder has been deficient awareness about the importance of vitamin D, its benefits on health, and prevention of deficiency state across different populations. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widely prevalent in this part of the country (Kashmir valley, India), the prevalence being higher in females. This study was conducted to assess the awareness of female medical students regarding the importance of vitamin D and the prevention of its deficiency among them.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 113 female medical students. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of two parts was used to collect data. The first part was for identifying socio-demographic characters and the second half was a 12-question, multiple-choice survey focussing on vitamin D. Data was entered and analysed using computer software MS Excel.Results: The results of the study showed that the participants had good knowledge regarding some aspects while knowledge for other aspects was poor. The majority of participants had adequate knowledge about main source/dietary source of vitamin D, the site of synthesis, effect of vitamin D on bone health, main effects of deficiency on bone health, identification of high-risk groups and importance of supplements in management of deficiency. However, majority had inadequate knowledge about the epidemic state of VDD, RDA, time/duration of sun exposure and other effects of deficiency.Conclusions: The present study showed that there are some gaps in awareness about vitamin D, its benefits, and management of deficiency among female medical students.
A study on adverse drug reactions of oral anti-diabetic agents in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubneswar, Odisha, India
Authors: Dey Indrani , Mohanty Srikanta , Prasad Anju , Patnayak Chaitali , Palit Ratna
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an emerging non communicable, life style disease & the use of anti-diabetics has been increasing. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are well known to occur with any class of drugs when used in normal doses for the management of diseases. Anti-diabetic agents are no exception to this. The study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as pharmacovigilance. The objective of the present study was to analyze and describe the patterns of adverse events associated with the use of oral Anti-diabetic agentsMethods: A hospital based prospective observational study at Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa. Convenience samples of 266 adult patients, prescribed with oral anti-diabetic agents from October 2016 to November 2018 were selected, out of which 74 patients developed ADRs. Data collected from available prescriptions. The severity assessment is done using the Hartwig and Siegal scale and preventability assessment using modified Schumock and Thornton is done.Results: Study suggests that female predominance in 41 (55.40%) patients with maximum cases of 43.24% in age group of 61-70 years age group. Maximum ADRs reported related to endocrine system seen in 36 (48.67%) patient population. Sulfonylureas 38 (51.35%) shows the largest numbers of ADR. The maximum ADRs reported were probable (56.73%). The severity assessment using the Hartwig and Siegal scale indicated that the majority of the ADRs were 63 (81.63%) as mild cases respectively.Conclusions: This study has provided evidence of monitoring and detecting ADRs and their management through therapeutic interventions which is beneficial in the better patient outcome.
Antidepressant activity of Trigonella foenum leaves in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Nayak Roopa P. , Adake Prabhakar , K. Hafis T.
Published: April 2019

Background: To evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum in animal models.Methods: A total of 60 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used and they were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats in each. First five groups (1st -5th) were evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and remaining by Tail Suspension Test (TST). 1st group (control) received normal saline 10 mg/kg, 2nd group (standard) Imipramine 10 mg/kg and 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (test) respectively received Trigonella foenum leaf ethanolic extract [TFEE] in different doses 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg/kg per orally for 14 days. They were evaluated for antidepressant activity using FST after 60 minutes of drug administration on 14th day. Similarly, remaining five groups (6th to 10th) received the same drugs and evaluated using TST after 60 minutes of drug administration. Duration of immobility was noted for six minutes for each rat.Results: One way ANOVA and Tukey Krammer test were used for statistical analysis. The immobility periods were expressed in mean±SD. The immobility period in FST were 207.16±28.7, 50.08±2.9, 46.14±1.2, 40.5±3.4 and 40.0±3.6 seconds respectively for control, standard and three test groups of TFEE (100/200/400 mg/kg). Similarly, immobility periods of 163.11±31.9, 125.03±11.2, 138.81±16.44, 138.16±12.65, 127.58±4.3 seconds were noted for TST for remaining six groups. It was found that TFEE possess statistically significant (p<0.05) antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the tests when compared to control group.Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that TFEE possess antidepressant property in experimental models of depression.
Hemodynamic effects of contrast media and its adverse effects in Western Rajasthan: an observational study
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Rathore Rajkumar , Chaturvedi Kirti , Parvez Amreesh
Published: April 2019

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of CT scan contrast media on pulse rate and blood pressure as well as identify the possible adverse drug reactions occurring after administration of contrast media.Methods: Information of patients such as age, sex, diagnosis, prescribed body part for CT scan, amount of contrast media and route of administration of contrast media were collected. Pulse and blood pressure were measured three times, before administration of iohexol or diatrizoate sodium; after 5 min and 1 hr administration of iohexol; after 1 hr and 2 hr starting of administration of diatrizoate sodium. ADR occurring after contrast media administration were observed.Results: Before Iohexol administration, SBP was 126.85±18.47 mmHg, which increased by 129.92±20.51 and 128.24±19.89 mmHg after 5 min. and 1 hr respectively after administration. Whereas before iohexol administration, DBP was 81.28±11.5 mm Hg, which was decreased by 80.58±13.03 and 78.90±13.15 mmHg after administration. The p-value for PR, pre-iohexol vs 1 hr post-iohexol was highly significant. Before Diatrizoate Sodium administration, SBP was 128.84±17.64 mmHg, that was decreased with 126.23±17.92 and 124.15±17.04 mmHg after administration. On the other hand, DBP was 81±11.99 mmHg which was decreased with 80.23±11.07 and 79.84±11.31 mmHg by Diatrizoate Sodium administration. P-value for SBP, DBP, and PR in various comparison of diatrizoate sodium administration was insignificant as well as total 18 ADRs were recorded post diatrizoate sodium and iohexol administration.Conclusions: Present study result demonstrates PR was significantly increased by administration of iohexol but not that much due to Diatrizoate Sodium especially after the 1 hr of iohexol administration. Although DBP decreased by both drugs, on the other hand, SBP increased by iohexol and decreased by Diatrizoate Sodium administration which was clinically insignificant. Although headache and giddiness were most common ADRs by both drugs.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin using high performance liquid chromatography in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir, India
Authors: Adil Mohd , Farhat Sameena , Rather Mohd Younis
Published: April 2019

Background: Phenytoin is the most commonly used anti-epileptic drug (AED) in this set up due to cost effectiveness and easy availability. Significant fluctuations in serum phenytoin levels leading to toxicities or treatment failures make it an ideal candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).Methods: Patients of age ≥18 years who were put on phenytoin were enrolled in this study. Estimation of serum phenytoin levels was done using HPLC. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Chi square test, Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyse the data.Results: A total of 105 patients enrolled in the study, twenty patients (19%) had normal or therapeutic serum phenytoin levels. Thirty-nine patients (37.2%) had sub therapeutic serum phenytoin levels, while forty-six patients (43.8%) had toxic serum phenytoin levels.Conclusions: The TDM of phenytoin should adopt a multi-disciplinary approach with active involvement of neuro-physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists and other technical staff for improving the overall management of epilepsy. TDM data will provide the clinicians with greater insight into the factors determining the patient’s response to drug therapy.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of hypertension among hypertensive patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: J. Rajan , M. Sakthibalan , Marshall Raj Gerard , A. Mangaiarkkarasi
Published: April 2019

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease and an important risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The increase in prevalence of hypertension is attributed to age of population, urbanization, sedentary habits, lack of physical activity, obesity, alcohol consumption and exposure to continuous stress. Regular anti-hypertensive medications can reduce the long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hypertension and to assess the drug compliance in hypertensive patients.Methods: This study was a cross sectional questionnaire based, conducted among 200 hypertensive patients attending hypertension clinic (Department of Medicine) of Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, India from October to December 2018. A close-ended questionnaire was given to the patients, which comprised of 16 questions on knowledge (5), attitude (5) and practice (6). Data was analyzed and expressed in descriptive statistics.Results: The commonly prescribed anti-hypertensive medications were calcium channel blockers (79%) and β blockers (26.5%). Knowledge regarding hypertension, normal BP, symptoms and complications was 74%, 54.5%, 41.5% and 37.5% respectively. Positive attitude regarding regular medications, role of drugs, diet control, salt restriction and physical activity was found in 94%, 40.5%, 74%, 76% and 67% respectively. Regular BP measurement, follow up, salt restriction and exercise were practiced by 77%, 77%, 72% and 9% of patients respectively.Conclusions: Present study reflected a lack of knowledge among hypertensive patients regarding normal BP, symptoms and complications. A positive attitude and practice were observed among the patients except for practice of regular exercise. Hence, emphasize on awareness about symptoms, complications and importance of physical activity should be improved particularly among male patients.
Age and gender based prevalence of obesity in residents of Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Satinderjit , Sabharwal Ravjit Kaur , Bajaj Jagminder Kaur , Samal Indira R. , Sood Megha
Published: April 2019

Background: Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, associated with a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, more so in the developing countries. It is affecting both sexes and all age groups. Body mass index BMI along with presence and severity of obesity associated complications are used to identify, successively increasing stages of obesity. The present study aims to study prevalence of overweight, obesity (stage 0,1,2) and morbid obesity in adult residents of Punjab state in an effort to determine burden of this lifestyle disorder in different age groups and sexes, so that a comprehensive action plan can be designed to target appropriate group with specific preventive measures .Methods: 1000 subjects were surveyed and labelled as non-obese, overweight, obese or morbid obese based on their BMI, presence and severity of obesity related complications. Point prevalence amongst different age groups of both sexes were determined and compared.Results: In study population 41.5% subjects were non-obese, 15.9% were overweight, 29.4% were obese and 13.2% were morbidly obese. The prevalence of all the 3 conditions (overweight, obesity and morbid obesity) increased with increasing age in both sexes. The prevalence was more among females of all age groups than males for ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’. But gender based difference narrowed down with increasing severity of disease, such that female to male ratio reversed (<1) for morbid obesity. Moreover, peak prevalence of overweight and obesity were attained little later in females as compared to males. However, for morbid obesity peak prevalence is seen in same age group (40-49 years) in both sexes.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent among females of all age groups than males with peak prevalence achieved little later in females as compared to males. However, gender based differences in prevalence decreased as severity increased and morbid obesity was more prevalent among males than females.
Evaluation of cephalosporins utilization and compliance with reference to the hospital antibiotic policy of an Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: John Shinu Mary , Panda Bijoy Kumar , Bhosle Deepak Govind , Soman Nikki
Published: April 2019

Background: Emergence of bacterial resistance in hospital settings due to the liberal use of antibiotics which led to an altered impact on its therapeutic efficacy and outcome, thereby increasing the treatment costs in patients. In this regard the study aims to evaluate the cephalosporins utilization and compliance to the hospital antibiotic policy in general medicine ward.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over an eleven-month period in patients prescribed with cephalosporins. Clinical data of inpatients were collected and evaluated by using World Health Organization (WHO) core prescribing indicators and defined daily dose per 100 bed-days. The comparison between the cephalosporins prescribed in the chart records to the recommendations mentioned in the institutional antibiotic policy v.2.0, help to determine the deviations in their usage pattern.Results: A total of 370 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 54.6% were females. Cephalosporins were empirically prescribed in 240 (64.9%) cases. The average number of total antibiotics and cephalosporins per encounter was 1.6 and 1 respectively. Among the total antibiotics, 63.7% were cephalosporins. Third generation cephalosporins (98.4%) were commonly prescribed, with ceftriaxone (93%) in parenteral form for respiratory tract infections (31.9%). Total parenteral antibiotics prescribed were found to be 68.8% of which 88.6% were cephalosporins. Utilization pattern of cephalosporins amounted to be 4.95 DDD/100 bed-days. Overall compliance was achieved in 191 (51.6%) prescriptions.Conclusions: The rate of prescribing of cephalosporins was marginally high. There was a low rate of compliance towards policy which reflects the urgent need for repetitive intervention to comply antibiotic policy.
Valproic Acid Accelerates Neural Outgrowth during Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurogenesis In Vitro
Authors: D Wiens , H Bergan , OS Walter , A McGinley , B Ahlrichs
Published: April 2019

Background: Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-convulsant drug used to treat seizures and a variety of neural pathologies. Studies have shown that VPA exposure in rodent embryos leads to behavioral characteristics similar to those in humans with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Utilizing this rodent model of ASD, research has led to a recognized mechanism of action of VPA involving brain overgrowth and hyperconnectivity, likely caused by epigenetic alteration of gene expression through inhibition of histone deacetylases.Objective: To gain further insight concerning this mechanism we modeled the development of neural connectivity at the cellular level.Method: We cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) taken from eight-day old chick embryos in a range of VPA concentrations and investigated aspects of neuronal structure and behavior. DRGs were cultured 48 hours, fixed, and immunostained to reveal the locations of neural networks with synaptic vesicles.Results: We found a concentration-dependant relationship with a significant increase in neurite length in VPA concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, and the effect was still present though weaker at 4 and 6 mM. Trichostatin A (TSA), another histone deacetylase inhibitor, caused similar responses. To further characterize the effects, we carried out time-lapse imaging of growth cones of extending neurites. We found that VPA increased the area changing activity of growth cones, augmenting their exploratory capabilities, along with significantly enhancing overall advancement, thus increasing the ability to extend and form synapses. The average total of stained synaptic areas surrounding each cultured DRG was significantly increased in 6 mM VPA, but not significantly at the lower concentrations compared to controls.Conclusion: Our results show that VPA, at 1 mM and higher concentrations increases growth cone activity, and increases the number of neurites and their extension, a neurotrophic effect. It also increases synaptogenesis at 6 mM, supporting the theory of developmental neuronal overgrowth.
Plasmapheresis in Ophthalmology
Authors: Voinov Valerii A , Karchevscy K.S. , Isaulov O.V.
Published: April 2019

Loss of sight is one of the most severe disabling factors in human. The total number of such people is known to account for millions worldwide. In North America alone more than 1 million are completely blind and about 14 million have some degree of sight loss. There are many different diseases that lead to sight loss such as diabetic retinopathy, senile macular degeneration, various types of autoimmune retinopathy, optic nerves damage and many others. As a rule, they cannot be corrected with glasses, and not always amenable to drug therapy. Often the cause of these diseases is accumulation of various autoantibodies and other metabolites, the molecules large size of which does not allow them to be excreted by the kidneys and the fact of their accumulation indicates impossibility of their removal with help of drug therapy. It makes us resort to such method of their direct removal from the body as plasmapheresis and the aim of this study is to justify its use in ophthalmology.
Strategies to Reduce the Door-to-Device time in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Salarifar Mojtaba , Askari Javad , Saadat Mohammad , Geraiely Babak , Omid Negar , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Amirzadegan Alireza , Hajzeinali Alimohammad , Alidoosti Mohammad , Aghajani Hassan , Nozari Younes , Nematipoor Ebrahim
Published: April 2019

Background: Performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in a timely fashion is a crucial part of the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to evaluate the contributing factors to and the etiologies of a prolonged door-to-device (D2D) time.
Methods:  In 2016, the D2D time was measured in all patients who were treated with PPCI at Tehran Hear Center. The major causes of a prolonged D2D time (>90 min) were determined. The second phase was then started in 2017 by focusing on the determined causes, and direct feedback was given to anyone having contributed to the delayed D2D time. The D2D time was compared between these 2 years.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.54±11.82 years, and 82.2% of them were men. The median D2D time decreased from 55 minutes (IQR25-75%: 40–82) in 2016 to 46 minutes (IQR25-75%: 34–70) in 2017 (P<0.001). In the first year, 79.8% of the patients had a D2D time of below 90 minutes; the figure rose to 84.1% of the patients in the second year (P=0.017). The first cause of a prolonged D2D time was missed ST-elevation in the first electrocardiogram by physician or nurse (8.4% of the cases). Along with a declining rate of missed STE to 6.7%, the median D2D time in the missed patients also decreased from 205 minutes to 177 minutes (P=0.011). The rate of ambulance arrival increased from 10.2% to 20.7% of the cases, and the median D2D time also declined from 45 (IQR25-75%: 34–55) to 34 (IQR25-75%: 25–55) in these patients (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Even in the setting of a 24/7 on-site interventionist in the hospital, the dispatch system and prehospital electrocardiograms, along with regular assessment and feedback, may improve the D2D time.
A Large Congenital Ventricular Outpouching
Authors: Davarpasand Tahereh , Sahebjam Mohammad , Alidoosti Mohammad
Published: April 2019

The abstract not available.
The effect of 8 weeks endurance exercise on the content of total and phosphorylated AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle FHL of rats with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shadmehri Saeedeh , Sherafati Moghadam Mohammad , Daryanoosh Farhad , Jahani Golbar Shiva , Tanideh Nader
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle plays a very important role in the protein synthesis process, which plays a very important role in proteins. The role of endurance exercise has not yet been studied in this important pathway in protein synthesis in people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on the content of total and phosphorylated AKT1, mTOR, P70S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle FHL of rats with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawely male rats with average weight of 270±20 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control (n=8) and endurance training (n=8). The training group exercised according to the training program 4 days a week for 8 weeks. While the control group had no training program. T-test and SPSS V-19 were used to analyze the data.
Results: There was not observed any significant difference in the content of total (P=0.58) and phosphorylated (P=0.33) AKT1, total (P=0.47) and phosphorylated (P=0.78) mTOR, total (P=0.24) and phosphorylated (P=0.12) P70S6K1 and total (P=0.45) and phosphorylated (P=0.48) 4E-BP1 proteins in the endurance training group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Endurance training for 8 weeks could not increase the total and phosphorylated content proteins of the present study; therefore, it cannot lead to protein synthesis or muscle hypertrophy through mTORC1 pathway.
THE CORRELATION OF SELF-EFFICACY AND PEER SUPPORT TOWARDS ANXIETY PRECEDING FINAL EXAMINATIONS FACED BY 9TH GRADERS IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Situmorang Nina Zulida
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The aim of this research paper is to show that Final examination pressure causes anxiety in all students, including students of a private middle school in Yogyakarta. The anxiety of students facing the final examinations is directly related to self-efficacy and peer support.

Methodology: This study uses scales to determine anxiety levels preceding final exams, self-efficacy levels, and peer support levels. These scales will be filled in with data given by 9th grade students of LI Private Junior High. The research subjects consisted of 234 9th grade students enrolled in one of Yogyakarta’s private middle schools.

Results: Based on the results, this research shows that Self-efficacy and peer support both combined have a significant relation to the anxiety preceding final exams faced by 9th grade students of ‘LI’ private middle school in Yogyakarta with F = 10,644 and a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01).

Implications: Therefore, peer support has an effect on anxiety only when applied in tandem with self-efficacy.
A Studyof Effects Of Celebrity Enodrsement on Different Branding Aspects and Their Cumulative Effects on Consumer Buying in the Conext of Skin Care Products
Authors: Anjum Mohd. Ijlal , Verma S. Sharma
Published: April 2019

The present study for comparison of aromatic crop tulsi (Ocimum basilicum) and cereal crop paddy (Orzya sativa) cultivation has been carried out at farmers’ field of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh. The tulsi is an essential oil bearing plant. Oil of this plant is highly valuable and is used in flavour, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industry. Paddy has been cultivated in our country as a major food grain crop since long time. During the study period 50 farmers under cultivating tulsi and paddy has been selected from Sitapur District of Uttar Pradesh. The primary data were collected from the selected farmer’s field on profitability comparison between tulsi and paddy cultivation. Simple statistical tools and technique has been used for data analysis of the socio-economic profile, cost of cultivation, profitability. It has been observed during the study that tulsi gives higher returns over paddy. However, the input cost of paddy is higher than tulsi crop but the net return of tulsi was more profitable than paddy. The benefit cost ratio has been observed 2.70 and 1.34 of tulsi and paddy respectively. It is suggested from the study that maximum profit is generated through tulsi cultivation followed by paddy crop. This study can set an example of profitability model for entrepreneurship development in other part of country.
José Echegaray, un matemático polifacético: Premio nobel literatura, político destacadísimo, impulsor de la física y mate española al final del siglo IXX y de principios del XX.
Authors: Arguedas T. Vernor
Published: April 2019

Se discuten algunos aspectos de la riquísima vida de Don José Echegaray, en sus facetas de matemático, político, literario así como culturales en la convulsa España de la segunda mita del S XIX y comienzo del S XX.
Travma Sonrası Büyümenin Bir Yordayıcısı Olarak Bütünlük Duygusu
Authors: ÇAM Mahire Olcay , DEMİRKOL Hacer
Published: April 2019

Travmanın, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu gibi ciddi ruhsal hastalıklara yol açtığı bilinmesine rağmen son 25 yıldır, bireyde olumlu bir değişime neden olabileceği üzerinde de durulmaktadır. Bu olumlu değişim günümüzde genellikle, “travma sonrası büyüme” terimi ile adlandırılmaktadır. Literatürde son dönemde travma sonrası büyüme ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalarda, genellikle büyüme üzerinde etkili olabilecek faktörler üzerine odaklanıldığı görülmektedir. Oldukça az sayıda araştırma yapılmasına rağmen, travma sonrası büyümede etkili olup olmadığı ilgi konusu olan en güncel kavramlardan biri ise, bütünlük duygusudur. Bu derlemenin amacı bütünlük duygusunun travma sonrası büyümeye etkisini güncel literatür ışığında tartışmaktır.
Şiddet Gören Kadınların İyileşmesinde Bir Model Önerisi: Tidal (Gel-Git) Model
Authors: ÇAM Mahire Olcay , ÖZTÜRK TURGUT Emel
Published: April 2019

Kadına yönelik şiddet önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Şiddetin
kontrol edilemez bir şekilde artması ve toplum ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde sağlık
politikalarının çoğunlukla rehabilitasyon hizmetlerine odaklanması, şiddetin
etkileri ile mücadeleyi öne çıkarmaktadır. Şiddet davranışları benzerlik
gösterse de her kadının deneyimi kendine özgüdür, bu nedenle sağlık
hizmetlerinin de bireye özgü olması gerekmektedir. Tidal (Gel- Git) Model ruh sağlığı
hizmetlerinde, bireyselliği önemseyen bir iyileşme modelidir. Bu nedenle bu
derlemede “Şiddet gören kadınlara Tidal Modele dayalı hemşirelik bakımı
verilebilir mi?” sorusundan yola çıkılarak, Tidal (Gel- Git) modelin uygunluğu
değerlendirilmiştir. Kadınlara yönelik aile içi şiddet ve eş şiddeti
incelenmiştir.
Macera Terapisi
Authors: BAŞTEMUR Şule
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmanın
amacı, doğanın insan üzerindeki iyileştirici gücünün terapötik bağlamda
kullanılması düşüncesi ile ortaya çıkan macera terapisinin tanıtılmasıdır. Çalışmada,
macera terapisinin tarihsel kökenleri, amaçları, faydaları, özellikleri ve süreci,
hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ayrıca kimlerin macera terapisti ya da danışan olabileceği,
macera terapisinin sınırlılıkları ve alanda yürütülen çalışmalardan da
bahsedilmiştir. Son olarak macera terapisinin teorik ve uygulama noktasında
güçlenmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Desregulación de la formación inicial docente. Una experiencia neoliberal
Authors: Silva-Peña Ilich , Peña-Sandoval Cesar
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo plantea el problema de la desregulación de la formación inicial docente bajo un sistema neoliberal. Chile fue utilizado como un laboratorio social de transformación política y económica por un grupo de economistas chilenos formados en Estados Unidos (Chicago Boys). El texto entrega antecedentes históricos del proceso realizado por la dictadura cívico-militar en Chile y continuado por los gobiernos siguientes. Este marco político e histórico permite visualizar el sistema universitario chileno, en el cual las instituciones estatales son afectadas por un modelo de autofinanciamiento. En el artículo se enfatiza el análisis en torno a cuestionar la dicotomía regulación/desregulación como una distinción público/privada. Como ejemplo se muestra la expansión de una oferta privada y desregulada de la formación docente por parte de universidades estatales regionales con bajo aporte basal estatal. A través de estos casos es posible observar que un modelo basado en la oferta y demanda avanza en la destrucción de las fronteras entre lo público y privado. Como buen laboratorio, el ejemplo de Chile puede ser utilizado para observar los efectos de una política pública neoliberal.
Instruction Using Social Media in Global Higher Education
Authors: Waller Robert E. , Lemoine Pamela A. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: April 2019

The technological revolution of the past two decades has changed communication, higher education, and the global society. As a result, there exists a wide gulf between the unlimited use of technology and higher education, particularly with respect to digital communications between professors and students. Web 2.0 digital technologies convey information in a different manner than before and allow for interaction with distance participants. Personal use of digital technologies for social media communication is one thing; social media use by professors for communication with students is another. Both aspects should be examined in detail to determine the future directions for global learning.
Small Hairpin RNAs and the Origin of Protein Synthesis
Authors: Broka Chris
Published: April 2019

A model of the early RNA world is proposed. Nearly self-complementary sequences that could adopt double-stranded, smallhairpin-like (shRNA), structures would be selected for due to their greater hydrolytic stability. These would be phosphorylated attheir 5' ends. We suppose that dehydrating conditions arise (perhaps intermittently) in the early environment allowing amino acidsto condense with these RNA molecules. The resulting phosphate-amino acid anhydrides would play the role of early, charged,tRNAs. A crude genetic code could emerge owing to the greater resistance of some amino acid-shRNA pairings to hydrolysisrelative to others. Early on there is no division of labor between mRNAs and tRNAs; the same molecules perform both functions.But the first systems would have encoded little in the way of protein sequence information. Rather they would have served as catalysts for the random polymerization of amino acids. It is speculated that the selective advantage inhering in such systems lay intheir ability to supply raw materials for the formation of coacervates within which the various molecules essential to proto-lifecould be concentrated. This would greatly facilitate the necessary chemistries. The evolution of homochiral protein and RNA populations is discussed. An appealing feature of this model is its ability to explain the transition from phosphorylated amino acids to the 3' ester-linked aminoacyl-tRNAs employed by modern life.
Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Otizm Taramasının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: GÖZÜN KAHRAMAN Özlem , YUVACI Mücahit
Published: April 2019

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı 16-36 aylık çocukların otizm taramasının yapılması ve
sonuçların çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Araştırmaya 16-36 aylık 62 kız ve 68 erkek çocuk olmak üzere toplam 130 çocuk
ve ebeveynleri katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Erken
Çocukluk Dönemi Otizm Tarama Ölçeği (CHAT), Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi
ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun betimsel niteliklerinin
belirlenmesinde çapraz tablolar kullanılmıştır. Bulgular:
Çalışmaya katılan çocukların otizm tarama ölçeğinden
aldıkları sonuçlar incelendiğinde çocukların %6,9 ‘unun yüksek riskli,
%5,4’ünün orta riskli grupta bulunduğu görülmüştür.  Cinsiyete göre otizm tarama ölçeğinden aldıkları
sonuçlar incelendiğinde ise erkek çocuklarda yüksek risk oranın (%8,8) kız
çocuklardan (%4,8) daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Otizm açısından yüksek risk
grubunda olan çocukların daha çok ikinci çocuklar olduğu, sezeryan doğumla
dünyaya gelmiş çocuklarda, üniversite mezunu annelerin çocuklarında ve gelir
durumu yüksek olan ailelerin çocuklarında bu oranın daha yüksek olduğu
görülmüştür. Yüksek risk grubunda çıkan çocukların Denver II sonuçlarının da
anormal ve şüpheli çıktığı görülmüştür. Yüksek risk grubunda bulunan çocukların
orta ve düşük risk grubunda bulunan çocuklara göre televizyon izleme süre ve
oranlarının da daha yüksek olduğu dikkat çeken bulgular arasındadır.

Sonuç: Otizm
riski taşıyan çocukların erken belirlenmesi ve erken müdahale programlarıyla
gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi önemlidir. Ayrıca aileleri risk faktörleri
konusunda bilgilendirmek ve bu konuda farkındalıklarını arttırmak gereklidir.
Özellikle küçük çocuklarda televizyon otizm açısından önemli bir risk faktörü
oluşturabilir. Bu nedenle anne babaların erken yıllarda çocuklarıyla birebir
etkileşim içinde olmaları çocuklarının sağlıklı gelişimi açısından oldukça
önemlidir.
Growth pattern of stock cultures of five selected species of marine microalgae maintained under indoor controlled environment and under outdoor conditions
Authors: Ajithkumar P.B. , Joseph Shoji , Vidya K.
Published: April 2019

Growth pattern of five species of microalgae viz., Chaetoceros calcitrans, Dunaliella sp., Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis tetrahele and Nannochloropsis salina were studied under indoor controlled conditions (at 230C) and under outdoor (at 28-30°C) conditions. The variations in ammonia and pH levels in the culture flasks over a period of 90 days were also studied. Results revealed that the pattern of growth of all five species of algae were significantly different (p<0.05) in the two different conditions. The results clearly showed that the growth of all the five species of algae were faster in outdoor conditions and outdoor cultures were able to maintain only for a maximum period of three months. Ammonia and pH levels recorded were higher in outdoor cultures which indicated higher physiological activities and growth. Ammonia and pH levels were found to increase gradually in all the cultures, upto 30 days under both conditions and subsequently found almost constant throughout the study. Even though ammonia levels were found to rise with increase in pH and temperature, it did not increase to a level that is detrimental to the microalgal cultures.