bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of PT Link and Waterbath Antigenic Retrieval Procedures On The Expression of Common Receptors In Breast Cancer Cases
Authors: Abdelbadie Ahmed , Ahmed Adam Elsadig , Abdelrahman Manar
Published: June 2017

Background: Antigen retrieval (AR) techniques play a major role in determining the quality and functional state of tissue proteins recovered from formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks (FFPEB). Different techniques are used each with its merits and drawbacks.Materials and Method: FFPEB from cases diagnosed as breast cancer were examined for the expression of estrogen- receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 by immunohistochemical techniques using two different AR methods.Results: Fifty cases, 49 were from females, the age ranged from 28–85 years were examined. The expression of ER using water bath and PT link (pretreatment system) as antigen retrieval methods was equal, both methods showed 20(40%) positive cases and 30(60%) negative cases, whereas, the expression of PR was found positive in 18 cases (36%) and negative in 32 (64%) when water bath was used, in comparison to10 positive (20%) and 40 negative (80%) when PT link was used (P value 0.312).The expression of HER2 was as follows; water bath HER2 weak positive 20 cases (40%), moderate expression 10 cases (20%), overexpression 2 cases (4%). PT link weak expression 13 cases (26%), moderate expression 15 cases (30%), overexpression 4cases (8%); yet, the total number of negative cases and positive cases was equal for both methods (p-value 0.035).Conclusion: Antigen retrieval methods were found to affect the expression of common receptors in breast cancer. The magnitude of this effect was found to be significant in PR and HER2 receptors, however, the different methods of antigen retrieval did not affect the expression of ER. The appropriate and suitable retrieval methods have to be chosen individually for each receptor.Keywords: Antigen retrieval, ER, PR, HER2 expression, PT link, waterbath.
The Initial Experience of Trans-Rectal Ultrasound and Biopsy in Diagnosis of Carcinoma Prostate In Gezira Hospital For Renal Disease And Surgery (GHRDS)
Authors: Ibraheem Walaa Eldin , Taha Sami Mahjoub , Mansour Mustafa Omran , Mohamed Ahmed Mohammed El Imam
Published: June 2017

Background: Prostate cancer prevalent cancer in males above sixty-five worldwide, this lead to the introduction of screening of the PSA and using of the transrectal ultrasound scanning, and sextant biopsy of the prostate.Objectives: To compare the accuracy of the Transrectal Ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS/BX) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery (GHRDS), with specific considerations to the digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level.                      .Materials and Methods:  This is a prospective, descriptive small-scale hospital based study.  A total of 297 patients with clinically symptomatic enlarged prostate underwent transrectal ultrasound guided true cut needle biopsy of the prostate were studied in (GHRDS) in the period from June2006 to June2009.                    Results: The majority 188 (63.3%) of patients were between 50-70 years of age. Abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) like obliteration of the median sulcus, and fixed mucosa revealed higher incidence of carcinoma prostate (CaP) with a significant value (p= 0.0000). PSA level showed significant relation (p= 0.0001) with the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate. Transrectal U/S findings well correlated to the histopathological results, where abnormal findings (like hypo-echoic lesions or calcifications and cysts) showed higher incidence of malignancy in 46 patients constitute 52.8% of the abnormal U/S findings.Conclusions and recommendations: PSA level is highly sensitive but less specific in detection of prostate cancer. Normal DRE doesn’t exclude prostate cancer, fixed mucosa and obliterated median sulcus has the highest predictors of cancer prostate in DRE. Presence of calcifications and cyst on trans-rectal ultrasound has the highest liability for cancer prostate in compare to the other ultrasonic findings.                 Key words: Prostate cancer, DRE, PSA level, TRUS/ BX (Transrectal ultra sound biopsy), sextant biopsy.
Assessment of the Primary and Intermediate School Staffs’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Care of Children with Type 1 Diabetes at School, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
Authors: A A Al Duraywish , Nail Abdelsalam M
Published: June 2017

Background: Children with diabetes type 1 (T1DM) need close monitoring for their blood glucose, food intake, insulin therapy and physical activity during school hours in order to guard against the development of acute and long-term complications.Objectives: To evaluate the current situation of management of T1DM in primary and intermediate schools children through assessment of the working staffs' attitude, knowledge and practice at Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled consented voluntarily participating working staffs from primary and intermediate schools in Al-Jouf region, Saudia Arabia. A questionnaire (included 23 questions) testing knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding T1DM and care of diabetic children was used.Results: 744 teachers were studied (62.1% females) where58.1%of them were working in primary schools. Of all, 69% were class teachers, 20.4% administrators, 8.6% school counselors, and 2% physical education teachers.75.4% of the participants had adequate general knowledge about diabetes. Only 43.78% of the respondents had specific knowledge about diabetes in the school and teachers with a family diabetic patient showed higher knowledge about diabetes vs. their counterparts. Only 16.0%of the participants reported that their schools have trained personnel in diabetes. Large proportion of study teachers' (94%) was willing to join a training program for care of diabetic students. Of the total group of teachers, 665 support recruitment of a school nurse. Conclusion: Diabetes care training programs for school teachers and staffs, availability of school nurses and instigating collaboration between the diabetic center and the school is essential for safety of such diabetes student patients in the schools.Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes mellitus, School teachers, Training programs, Diabetes care, Knowledge about diabetes, School nurse, Diabetes care at the school.
MANUFACTURING OPTIMIZATION OF EDM ELECTRODE
Authors: Saindane Nitesh , Wankhede Santosh
Published: June 2017

Manufacturing of aluminum casting die in tooling industry is very lengthy and cumbersome process. The manufacturing processes always flow in the fixed sequence. These activities cannot be altered because these are placed in increasing order of metal removal. Any wrong input at any stage may create may lead to creation of the extra manufacturing activities in the next lined up stages. This creates a bottle necks, choking of the system which finally to lead increase in the manufacturing rope length of the die. Total summation of increase in the manufacturing rope length will finally kill the buffer period, paying penalty for not completing and dispatching on time.
Comparative Study on different Steganographic Techniques
Authors: Gurpreet Kaur Rashmeet Kaur Chawla,
Published: June 2017

The high speed digital world of today has eased the process of data transmission. Today, large amount of data can be transferred in small amount of time which has raised a big question on the secrecy of data, since it can easily be accessed by any third party. Digital Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier such that the existence of communication is hidden.

The art of information hiding has gained much importance in past few years because after having solved the issue of speed and amount of data to be transferred, the other big concern is the security of that data as the information is being transmitted via common channels of communication. Steganography is a technology where data compression, cryptography and information theory like methods are brought together to provide the required amount of secrecy to transfer data.

Classification of steganography techniques into multiple categories is based on the cover modification applied in the embedding process and the type of cover used for secret communication. This is totally a review paper, in which we provide the comparison of available steganography methods of hiding text in an image file, audio file, text file or a video file using some basic techniques namely Substitution System, Transform Domain, Spread Spectrum technique, Statistical Method, Distortions Technique and Cover Generating Methods which are categorised accordingly in their respective domains. These types of files act as a cover file for sending the secret message in embedded form.
Importance of play school in child development
Authors: Maheshwari Mamta
Published: June 2017

A play school is a place where around 10-20 children spend 1-2 hours each day under the supervision of a couple of teachers. "The supervisor-child ratio should ideally be around 1:10". The play schools have a lot to offer, and that the play schools should not be aimed at developing academic skills like reading and writing. There should be no set goals or any stress on performance; the focus should be on the sensory-motor development and the social development of the child. I am very much an advocate of play schools since they develop age-appropriate behavior at the right time
Sentiment analysis on product purchase through e commerce
Authors: Prof. Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Sreyasi Rupa De,
Published: June 2017

Customer Opinions play a very crucial role in daily life. When we have to take a decision, opinions of other individuals are also considered. Now-a-days many of web users post their opinions for many products through blogs, review sites and social networking sites. Business organizations and corporate organizations are always eager to find consumer or individual views regarding their products, support and service. In e-commerce, online shopping and online tourism, it is very crucial to analyze the good amount of social data present on the Web automatically therefore, it is very important to create methods that automatically classify them. Opinion Mining sometimes called as Sentiment Classification is defined as mining and analyzing of reviews, views, emotions and opinions automatically from text, big data and speech by means of various methods.      

Our main theme is to review opinion of customers from online reviews those are posted by customers
Conservation of Freshwater Fish Biodiversity: A Challenge for Rajasthan
Authors: Jhajhria Anita
Published: June 2017

Fish biodiversity is associated with deserts around the globe. Freshwater fishes have suffered from the resultant altered flow regime, together with other threats including habitat degradation and alien species. Impacts reached a critical point during prolonged droughts that lead to broad-scale habitat loss and drying of refuges during, and urgent conservation measures were subsequently instigated for threatened small-bodied fish species. The present paper aims to document the actions undertaken in the desert hatchery of Western Rajasthan by induced breeding exercises on common carp, rohu and mrigal using ovaprim hormone that will help guide and inform management responses for conservation of  threatened fishes in modified systems subjected to severe water decline
Political Participation of Women in Gram Panchayat: A Study of Silinda 1.No Gram Panchayat
Authors: Biswas Biki
Published: June 2017

Political participation simply refers to the way through which the citizens of a country take part in the electoral as well as in policy making process. In other words, political participation is a way or a process through which the aspirations and needs of the people can be represented. Generally, the term “political participation” refers to those voluntary activities by which members of a society share in the selection of rulers and directly or indirectly in the formation of public policy. These activities include casting votes, seeking information, holding discussions, attending meetings, staging strikes and demonstrations, communicating with the legislators and the like. Women constitute more or less than half of the population of any country. Women have to recognize, collectively and critically, the forces that limit them and to work collectively and continuously to change the unequal power structure. The family, community and state should together create a situation wherein elected women representatives act effectively in PRIs. They need to be endowed with capacities and incentives to tackle the emerging challenges after entering into panchayat system. More favorable environment should be created which would enable the women to play more effective role in the decentralized development. Above all, the Gram Panchayats should act more actively and vigorously. In this gram panchayat members are leading in economic planning, agriculture and resource development, education and health monitoring, household industry monitoring etc
In Vitro direct plant regeneration using shoot tip explants in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for rapid mass cloning
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Kapoor Manish
Published: June 2017

In Vitro direct plant regeneration using shoot tip explants in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for rapid mass cloning
Attitude of farmers’ towards Photovoltaic Water Pumping System in Haryana
Authors: Kumar Anil , Godara Ashok Kumar
Published: June 2017

The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar, Rohtak and Jhajjar districts of Haryana state with selected 61, 47 and 33 number of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System ( PWPS) adopted farmers from each district, respectively and an equal number of non beneficiaries adjoining to the beneficiaries’ farm were also selected randomly. In this way a total number of 282 respondents i.e. 141 beneficiaries and 141 non-beneficiaries were included in the sample for the study. Majority of (58.16 %) adopted and (47.52 %) non adopted respondents had favourable attitude towards PWPS. Land holding, education, farm power, socio-economic status, extension contact, source of income, risk orientation, change proneness and fatalism / scienticism were found to be positive and significant correlation of adopted respondents. However, in case of non adopted farmers only three variables viz., extension contact, source of income and change proneness were found to be positive and significant correlation with the farmers attitude towards PWPS. The study revealed that education, farm power, socio-economic status, extension contact, source of income, and risk orientation were found to have positive and significant regression coefficient. In case of non adopted farmers, education, socio-economic status and source of income were found to have positive and significant relationship with the attitude towards PWPS.
Contextual mismatch of interventions for reduction of postharvest losses in rice: Farmer perceptions, practices and innovations in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Ssebaggala Godfrey L , Kibwika* Paul , Kyazze Florence B
Published: June 2017

Over 70% of the postharvest losses occur at the farm level. Efforts to curb postharvest losses (PHLs) have to target farmers’ practices and innovations. A survey of 150 farmers complemented by focus group discussions was conducted in Eastern Uganda to establish why farmers engage in practices that sustain high PHLs in rice. Farmers are aware of the extent and nature of PHLs but most cannot use the practices and technologies recommended due to high costs involved, lack of knowledge and skills required, or inappropriateness to farmers’ context. Rather than promoting such technologies, a starting point is to engage with farmers to change mindsets and adapt their practices to innovate. Market incentives like significant price differentiation for quality are critical to accelerate the change in practices and innovations for reduction PHLs.
Metarhiziumanisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin as an alternative to chemical pesticides against Odontotermesobesus (Rambur) in the era of organic agriculture
Authors: Pegu Joyarani , Dutta Pranab , Bhuyan Rana Pratap , Das Apurba
Published: June 2017

Odontotermesobesus (Rambur) is one of the most destructive termite species to most of the cultivated crops. Against which a bioassay test with Metarhiziumanisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin was conducted in the laboratory at nine different concentrations ranging from 1×103 to 1×1011 conidia/ml. Three different medium that is termitorium soil, sterilised soil and Whatman No.1 filter paper based medium were used for the bioassay. Conidial suspension of M. anisopliae when treated to termite on termitorium soil based medium was more pathogenic and could cause highest mortality (83.88 %) of the termites with a week. Conidia of the fungus were found to burst out from the host body after 7th day of treatment. Infected termites showed progressive symptoms of sluggishness as compared with control. Mortality of termites showed presence of black melanisation spot on the cuticle.
Effect of pinching on yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda under Andaman conditions
Authors: Baskaran V. , Abirami K.
Published: June 2017

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of pinching on flower yield of African marigold cv.Pusa Narangi Gainda at ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair during 2012 and 2013. The experiment consisted of three treatments T1 (Control) –no pinching, T2- Single pinching 20 days after transplanting and T3-double pinching 15 days after single pinching. The results showed that maximum plant spread (47.2 cm), number of branches (13.7), duration of flowering (36.7 days), number of flowers per plant (56.6), size of flower (6.18 cm), weight of single flower (7.08g), flower yield per plant (347.8 g) and seed yield per plant (20.23g) were observed in the double pinching treatment. The flower yield was maximum in double pinching with three times more yield than the control.
Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) c.v. Agri found dark red
Authors: Goyal Ravi , Uike Varsha , Verma* Hemlata
Published: June 2017

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield of onion( Allium cepa L.) cv. Agri found dark red during kharif season of 2014-2015 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Sehore (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design with three replications. The treatments consists of foliar sprays of 4 micronutrients , viz., Zn, Mn, B and Cu alone and in combination T1–Zn (0.5%), T2 -Mn (1.0%), T3 -B (0.25%), T4 -Cu(1.0%), T5 -Zn + Mn (0.5 + 1.0%), T6 -Zn + B( 0.5 + 0.25%), T7 -Zn + Cu (0.5 + 1.0%), T8 -Zn+ Mn+ B+ Cu (0.5 + 1.0 + 0.25 + 1.0%), T9 –Control. Treatment T3 -B (0.25%) was recorded the maximum 394.86 q ha-1 bulb yield followed by T8- Zn+ Mn+ B+ Cu (0.5 + 1.0 + 0.25 + 1.0%) 333.32 q ha-1. Highest net return of Rs 3,45,355 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio 7.98 was obtained in treatment T3 -B (0.25%).
Extent of adoption of improved practices of gram production technology by gram growers in tribal district of Pratapgarh, India
Authors: Badhala* B. S. , Kanojia Yogesh
Published: June 2017

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pratapgarh has conducted 88 front line demonstrations on gram in 35.2 ha. area under real farming situations in 2012 in the farmer’s fields of six adopted villages (Avleshwar, Basad, Dalmu, Dhamotar, Manohargarh and Kherot) of Pratapgarh (Raj). All the 6 villages where FLDs were conducted by KVKs were included in the study. The total sample size was 176 consisting of 88 beneficiary and 88 non-beneficiary farmer’s. Gram is called Chickpea or Gram (Cicer aritinum L.) in South Asia and Garbanzo bean in most of the developed world. Gram is a major pulse crop in India; Gram is widely appreciated as health food. It is a protein-rich supplement to cereal-based diets, especially to the poor in developing countries, where people are vegetarians or cannot afford animal protein. There was significant difference in the extent of adoption of gram production technology between beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers.
Study of farmers’ perception constraints for lesser adoption of fodder production technologies and ways to improve the adoption in Bundelkhand region
Authors: Suman Manju , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Ashok
Published: June 2017

The constraints regarding adoption of fodder production technology were studied in Bundelkhand region. A total of 180 respondents were selected from 4 districts of regions representing both UP and MP part of Bundelkhand in the study. It was found that 84.1% of farmer- respondents have shown that small land holding was the primary constraint for less adoption of fodder technology in these area, 78.87 % of farmers have shown lack of irrigation was the second most important reason for less adoption of fodder technology. The main reason for less Knowledge of fodder production technologies were lack of awareness about improved technologies followed by lack of on-farm guidance/training, lack of lesser resources and lesser literacy. The correlation between knowledge gap and adoption gap was highly significant and positive.
Accacia senegel extract ameliorates Lead Acetate-mediated Hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Gomaa H.F. , JAl Homaid Fatimah A. , Abdel Rhaim Ali Ismaiel Ali
Published: June 2017

Lead is a toxic metal that induces a wide range of physiological and histological changes inhuman and animals. Oxidative damage has been the possible mechanism involved in lead toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Accacia senegel extract against leadacetate-induced hepatic injury in rats. Four groups of rats were used in this study, Control, Lead acetate(8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally), Accacia senegel(7.5g/kg body weight /day orally) and Accacia senegel (7.5g/kg body weight /day orally)followed by lead acetate (8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) respectively.All groups received the oral treatment by stomach tube once daily for 4 weeks. Lead intoxication resulted in a significant increase inserum alanine transase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) ,alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activities,serum total cholesterol ,and triglycerides liver tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and a significantdecline of serum total proteins, liver reduced glutathione (GSH) level and catalase. The hepatocytes showed degeneration with vacuolated cytoplasm and fibrosis. The administration ofAccacia senegel extractshowed a slight improving in the activities of Catalase, a slight decreasein AST, ALP activities, NO, Triglycerides but resulted in more increase in the levels of Total proteins, MDA, TNF-a and activity of Caspase-3 while did not induce any protection against elevated levels of ALT and Total cholesterol and against damage in hepatocytes including fibrosis and apoptosis.
Effect of zinc supplementation as an alternative management intervention on coccideal load of Beetal bucks under stall-fed conditions
Authors: Singla M. , Saini A.L. , Kaswan S. , Singh Dhanwinder , Grewal R.S.
Published: June 2017

In total, 15 Beetal bucks having an average age of 893.53 52.91 days weighing 50.21 1.75 kg were randomly distributed into three groups to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on faecal oocyst load under stall-fed conditions. Bucks under treatment groups were supplemented with either organic (T1) or inorganic (T2) Zn formulated ration to get Zn concentration of 50 mg per kg DM against negative control (T0) on basal diet with no additional Zn supplementation for a period of 120 days. Zn supplementation improved plasma Zn and maintained higher live body weight (kg) in T1 and T2 against the control. Bucks in T1 and T2 shed significantly (p 0.05) less oocysts in 1 g of faeces (22.8 and 24.1%, respectively) compared to the control (53.1%) without any clinical symptoms. It was therefore, concluded that supplementation of Zn can improve performance of Beetal bucks under stall-fed by reducing the subclinical coccidiosis.
Genetic diversity at MHC-DRB3 locus suggests distinctness of the riverine-swamp buffalo populations in North-East region of India
Authors: Mishra S.K. , Niranjan S. K. , Banerjee B. , Singh Ravinder , Singh R.V. , Kumar Naresh , Kataria R.S.
Published: June 2017

Northeast region of India is a transition zone for two genetically distinct types of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - riverine (Bubalus bubalis bubalis, N=50) and swamp (Bubalus bubalis carabanesis, N=48), wherein, both types of buffalo populations and their hybrids (riverineswamp, N=49) coexist. In present study, we studied genetic variability of highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II- DRB3 gene in 94 riverine-swamp buffaloes of three different locations - central Assam (ASW; riverine and hybrid types), Silchar region (ASW-SL, swamp and hybrid types), Dibrugarh region (ASW-DB, swamp) of Assam through PCR-RFLP. A total of nine HaeIII restriction patterns HaeIII- A to I, were observed in overall populations, although only six patterns were present in ASW-DB buffaloes. The HaeIII-A, -C, -F and -H patterns were found to be homozygous, accounting about 48 percent of the total buffalo population. Based on DRB3-HaeIII restriction diversity, the genetic divergence was the highest (0.460) between ASW-SL and ASW-DB buffaloes whereas, the lowest (0.063) between ASW and ASW-DB buffaloes among three populations. In Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA), these populations were found to be distantly located in different coordinates, indicating their genetic distinctness. Our results support that North-east region of India constitute a transition zone for both riverine and swamp buffalo populations, however, with quite distinctness of these mixed populations derived through different genetic pools. Polymorphic DRB3 locus in these riverine-swamp buffalo populations of North-East region also indicates their genetic richness.
Desarrollo de un revestimiento de chamota/yeso para microfundición de joyería con esmeraldas preengastadas
Authors: Londoño-Montes Carlina Sofía , Fernández-Torres Mayerly Jhojana , Córdoba-Tuta Elcy María
Published: June 2017

Durante el proceso de microfundición de joyería con preengaste de gemas, el molde cerámico compuesto de sílice y yeso se estabiliza a temperaturas cercanas a 650 °C, mientras que la temperatura de vertido de la aleación preciosa ronda los 1000 °C. Por tal motivo, este método no es apropiado para gemas como la esmeralda, dada la gran susceptibilidad de esta al daño cuando se expone a temperaturas superiores a 350 °C. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un revestimiento cerámico de chamota-yeso que adquiera estabilidad dimensional a bajas temperaturas, con el fin de implementar el método de preengaste de esmeraldas para la obtención de piezas de joyería.La metodología experimental se dividió en tres etapas: i) caracterización química, mineralógica, granulométrica y térmica de las materias primas; ii) preparación y caracterización de las mezclas chamota-yeso-agua, incluyendo tiempos de vertido y fraguado de las pastas, junto a la permeabilidad y resistencia a la compresión y al choque térmico, y. además, análisis microestructural, y iii) evaluación del nuevo revestimiento en el proceso de microfundición con preengaste de esmeraldas. Se encontró que las condiciones más adecuadas para obtener el revestimiento chamota/yeso son: granulometría fina del refractario (100 % con pasante malla 200), relación chamota/yeso 75/25 y adición de 50 % de agua a la mezcla seca.Los resultados de la investigación permiten concluir que es posible someter las esmeraldas al proceso de microfundición de joyería, con gemas preengastadas, empleando el revestimiento chamota-yeso desarrollado aquí, cuyo tratamiento térmico no supera los 350 °C, así como una aleación de metal precioso de bajo punto de fusión (398 °C).
Oportunidades para la implementación de radio definida por software en redes de sensores
Authors: Sastoque-Caro Miguel Ángel , Puerto-Leguizamón Gustavo Adolfo , Suárez-Fajardo Carlos Arturo
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se revisan los conceptos y las características de la radio definida por software. Se presenta una revisión de las problemáticas de las redes de sensores en cada uno de los campos de aplicación desde la perspectiva de la integración con SDR, para finalmente hacer un análisis de oportunidades y desafíos como estrategia de solución a algunas de las problemáticas más importantes en redes de sensores.
Cambios en la cobertura del suelo en el municipio de Nechí: Una aproximación al impacto ambiental de la minería, 1986-2010
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez Michael Ezequiel , Molina-Pérez Francisco José , Agudelo-Echavarría Diana María , Cañón-Barriga Julio Eduardo , Vélez-Macías Fabio de Jesús
Published: June 2017

El municipio de Nechí (Antioquia, Colombia) es una zona influenciada por la minería aurífera desde épocas prehispánicas. En este artículo se evalúa la evolución de los cambios de cobertura del suelo producidos por la minería aurífera durante 24 años. El análisis espacial de cada imagen fue basado, principalmente, en el cálculo del Índice de Vegetación de Diferencias Normalizada (NDVI) de tres imágenes LANDSAT de los años 1986, 1996 y 2010. Adicionalmente, se calculó la Diferencia de NDVI entre los dos años extremos, con el fin de analizar el estado actual de la vegetación; la dirección de su cambio, es decir, si hubo mejoría, estabilidad o deterioro, y cuantificar la extensión asociada con cada cubierta del suelo. Se extrajeron polígonos para los diferentes tipos de coberturas de cada imagen satelital (bosques, pastos, suelo desnudo y cuerpos de agua), para cuantificar los cambios y elaborar los mapas de cobertura del suelo para cada año. Los resultados muestran que casi 124,8 km² de bosque se han perdido en el período analizado; por el contrario, los cuerpos de agua ganaron un área de 66,3 km²; ambos resultados pueden estar relacionados principalmente con el tipo de explotación del oro en la región.
AHP difuso para evaluar el desempeño de proveedores 3PL considerando el riesgo
Authors: Ramírez-Flórez Giselle , Tabares-Urrea Natalia , Osorio-Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: June 2017

Los proveedores logísticos 3PL tienen influencia directa en el desempeño global de la cadena de abastecimiento y en el éxito de la gestión empresarial. La contratación de estos proveedores involucra el estudio detallado y cuidadoso de múltiples criterios; sin embargo, aunque la empresa haya acertado en su proceso de selección, es pertinente que visualice los beneficios, ventajas y desventajas que el proveedor contratado le está aportando. Una vez seleccionado el proveedor, se considera que evaluar y hacer seguimiento del servidor 3PL podría generarle a la empresa un mejor conocimiento del desempeño que el proveedor aporta.Por otro lado, la gestión de los riesgos en la cadena de suministro es un tema que reviste gran importancia, tanto desde la perspectiva académica como desde la orientación práctica. Uno de los riesgos más importantes, de acuerdo con la literatura, es el riesgo operacional; en este sentido, se presenta una propuesta multicriterio para evaluar el desempeño de los proveedores 3PL, la cual involucra dentro de sus criterios el riesgo operacional asociado a la participación de dichos proveedores en las actividades de la organización. La metodología propuesta se fundamenta en la utilización del FAHP (Proceso Analítico Jerárquico) difuso y ha sido aplicada en una empresa manufacturera colombiana para uno de sus proveedores de transporte terrestre de mercancías, mostrando que dicho proveedor tiene un desempeño normal y que, por lo tanto, la compañía puede continuar contando con sus servicios.
Representasi Matematis Mahasiswa Calon Guru dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Astuti Erni Puji
Published: June 2017

[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui deskripsi representasi matematis mahasiswa calon guru dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu hasil pekerjaan mahasiswa yang berupa hasil vignette. Snowball sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan subjek. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga mahasiswa semester 3 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa subjek S1 dan S2 dengan kemampuan akademik tinggi dan sedang mempunyai kemampuan representasi matematis yang baik karena memenuhi semua indikator representasi matematis. Kemampuan representasi matematis subjek S3 dengan kemampuan akademik rendah masih kurang karena tidak memenuhi semua indikator. Kemampuan representasi matematis tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan akademik, tetapi dipengaruhi juga oleh faktor lain seperti penggunaan media, pengalaman, dan latihan dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika.

Kata kunci : Representasi Matematis; Calon Guru; Masalah Matematika; Vignette

[English]: This case study aims to determine the description of the mathematical representation of prospective teachers in solving mathematical problems. The data collected is student’s work in the form of vignette results. Snowball sampling is as the technique of taking subjects. Subjects in this study are three students in the third semester mathematics education program of Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo. The technique used to collect data is documentation. The data is analyzed through data reduction, data display, conclusion, and verification. This study finds that the subject S1 and S2 with high and middle academic ability have good mathematical representation ability since they meet all the indicators of mathematical representation. While the mathematical representation of subject S3 with low academic ability is still less because S3 does not meet all of the indicators. The ability of the mathematical representation is not only influenced by academic ability, but also by other factors such as the use of media, experience, and drill in solving mathematics problems.

Keywords: Mathematical Representation; Prospective Teacher; Mathematics Problems; Vignette
Message from Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Murakami Suminao ,   President, Laboratory of Urban Safety Planning, Japan, Takiguchi Katsuki ,   Professor of the Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Published: June 2017

Life is studded with unforeseen difficulties. These are the disasters. They tend to fiercely destroy things and systems man has created.

This journal’s objective, both in traditional paper form and in electronic form, is to reduce the horrors of disaster through information. Disasters here include earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, epidemics, fires, pollution, terrorism, etc. with the exception of war.

The subjects to be taken up here cover any subject that conforms to the purpose of this journal and is journalistically substantial. These include, for example, scientific papers, commentary, educational articles, investigational reports, information updates and materials.

Disaster is to be examined from a larger, more comprehensive, and panoramic viewpoint touching on all fields of science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, pharmacology, jurisprudence, sociology, economics, political science, etc.

Measures to be taken against disaster vary from urgent and short-term to mid- and long-term. For these measures, in certain cases, there is not a moment to lose, while for others, centuries may be spent before a definite prospect is attained.

This journal is not one for enumerating commonplace information. Editors are responsible for selecting the subjects calling public attention and for structuring vast research activities.

Disaster can probably never be completely eliminated, but with ongoing effort, there may be ways to avert or ameliorate it. Your understanding and support would be most deeply appreciated.
Message to the “Journal of Disaster Research”
Authors: Arnold Christopher ,   FAIA, RIBA  Past President, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California
Published: June 2017

Publication of the new “Journal of Disaster Research” is most timely. The last two years have wreaked death and destruction around the world with a savagery that has caused widespread discussion, recrimination and concern for the future. It is clear that, in spite of the great progress in knowledge in the last few decades, much remains to be discovered about the characteristics of nature’s forces and how we can design, construct and retrofit to combat them. This work is the traditional role of scientist and engineers.

It is also clear that much of the new found knowledge is not being implemented and our social and economic institutions are ineffective at ensuring that the best information is put to use. Preparing for and responding to nature’s extreme events is a social, economic and political problem and research in these areas must parallel the traditional areas of scientific and engineering research.

The expressed viewpoint of the Journal of Disaster Research as multidisciplinary for both technology and social systems is right on target. Neither system can solve the problems on its own: we need true multidisciplinary approaches in which both research and practice are conducted by integrated teams that encompass the whole range of technological, social, economic and political issues. We need to improve communication between the public, the experts, the response officials and workers, the scientists and the politicians.

Japan is located in a key position within the Pacific Rim. This region is both a critical area for a wide range of natural disasters, including earthquake, tsunamis, floods and high winds. As such, it is world laboratory for studying the effects of these events and our attempts to respond to them to reduce casualties and economic losses.

Japanese researchers and response officials have gathered invaluable information over the last few decades in both the technological and social fields which they have shared at many international conferences, seminars and private discussions. In the United States we have instituted a number of joint research programs with our Japanese colleagues and visited each other’s cities to share information on preparing for and recovering from these inevitable events. The Journal of Disaster Research, with its distinguished board of editors, will be an invaluable resource in sharing our knowledge.

The advent of international terrorism has added a new and unwelcome dimension to the disaster scene. The field is still in its infancy and much research is needed. Some of the lessons from combating natural disasters can be used in the terrorism situation, but also many new problems are introduced. We must come to terms with the difference between the deliberate attempts to provoke a disaster compared to nature’s random initiation of disastrous events.

Christopher Arnold,

Palo Alto, California, USA, June 7, 2006
A Short Note for Dr. Murakami’s Review in 1986
Authors: Nakabayashi Itsuki ,   Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Published: June 2017

Dr. Murakami’s review reconfirms that Japan’s high economic growth following World War II did not realize the construction of urban areas robust against disaster, rather, the destruction caused by repeated natural disasters has triggered the development of disaster management measures. When all major Japanese cities but Kyoto were destroyed in the catastrophic American air raids of 1945, the urban development in Japan has begun. Among the disasters bearing valuable lessons in the need for disaster management was the 1959 Ise-Bay (Ise-Wan) Typhoon, which led to the 1961 Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act laying the groundwork for disaster management measures in Japan. This law obligated the central government and local organizations to take three measures: (1) preparedness against disaster to reduce damage before a disaster strikes; (2) measures against disaster to control the spread of damage and to promote emergency recovery; and (3) preparation of restoration plans transforming damaged urban areas into safer, more comfortable locales by repairing damage, reconstructing residences, and returning daily life to its natural order. Dr. Murakami’s paper shows how difficult it is to remodel already established but dangerous cities into safe ones. The 1964 Niigata Earthquake promoted measures in managing earthquake destruction in urban areas, as did the Tokachi Offshore (Tokachi-Oki) Earthquake of 1968 and the Miyagi Prefecture Offshore (Miyagi-Ken-Oki) Earthquake of 1978, which triggered revision of the Building Standard Law. These developments did not, however, mean that cities had become safe. If the lessons taught by disasters in the 1960s and 70s had actually been implemented in urban development, the tremendous damage precipitated by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe in 1995 might have been reduced. What we should note here is that the efforts toward urban disaster management measures taken during this period have formed a firm base for current urban disaster management measures.

Itsuki Nakabayashi

Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University
A Short Note for Dr. Shibata's Review in 1975
Authors: Suzuki Kohei ,   Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Published: June 2017

Dr. Heki Shibata, Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo, who authored this paper, is a pioneer in earthquake engineering in Japan and the leading expert in mechanical engineering and seismic design of involving pressure vessels and piping equipment of nuclear power plants and high-pressure gas plants.

In this paper, he classifies and analyzes mode failures and failure mechanisms in a variety of equipment based on his experience in surveying the damage to industrial facilities caused by the 1964 Niigata Earthquake and the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake.

He proposes introducing the "factor of importance" based on potential of danger in seismic design, developing basic seismic design calculating the maximum response of a structure using seismic coefficients including those defined using this factor of importance.

This idea has been effectively implemented as the basis for seismic design of structures and equipment to this day, and its historical value has been proven.

He points out the importance of the reliability of seismic design and the safe design of instrumentation and control in seismic design. Dr. Shibata emphasizes the importance of learning the lessons presented by the damage experienced in earthquakes, the 1995 Kobe Earthquake - yet another example of his invaluable foresight.
A Short Note for Dr. Ishihara's Review in 1974
Authors: Kokusho Takaji ,   Professor, Chuo University
Published: June 2017

In the paper written in the 1970s by Prof. Kenji Ishihara, case histories for the 1964 Niigata earthquake and preceding earthquakes were addressed followed by overviews on laboratory studies, in situ investigations, and analyses of liquefaction. The research efforts overseen by Prof. Ishihara have been developed considerably since then for reliably evaluating liquefaction potential for a variety of soils unqer different geotechnical and seismic conditions and for mitigating liquefaction failure through ground improvement.

Despite great advances in this aspect of liquefaction research, problems vital to reasonable design methodology remain. One is postliquefaction soil behavior, which plays an important role in soil-structure interactions in performance- based design of buildings and civil structures. Unlike other earthquake failures, serious damage often occurs in the postliquefaction phase due to static and monotonic straining by dead loads in liquefied soil where little residual shear strength remains. Great uncertainties remain on how to evaluate postliquefaction ground deformation, together with soil-structure interactions, concerning differential settlement, uplift, and lateral displacement. Current engineering practices tend to avoid uncertainties by employing soil treatment or rigid foundations to prevent soil liquefaction in advance. However, with design earthquakes becoming larger, it becomes unrealistic to depend too much on such costly measures.

In contrast to the paper by Prof. Ishihara, the preceding paper has addressed liquefaction-induced structural damage during recent earthquakes from the 1964 Niigata earthquake to the present. Typical failure modes associated with damage have been identified from the viewpoint of their mechanisms and mitigation measures. Among them, the postliquefaction lateral flow mechanism, which still seems quite controversial, has been discussed in detail by introducing different views on soil behavior causing lateral flow or spreading. Special emphasis has been placed on recently evolving research results considering the effect of void redistribution due to soil stratification.
A Short Note for Dr. Watabe’s Review in 1974
Authors: Kuramoto Hiroshi ,   Associate Professor, Toyohashi University of Technology
Published: June 2017

In the preceding article, I reviewed two seismic design codes of the Building Standard Law of Japan, revised in 1981 and 2000, with the transition of Japanese seismic design codes.

Having read the 1974 review by Dr. Makoto Watabe, I was most impressed by his comprehensive understanding of seismic structural systems for buildings – an understanding that is fresh even today, more than 3 decades later. He moves from the basic principles for seismic building design to earthquake-resistant properties of building. The general seismic design principles of buildings he has reviewed are very sound and introduced both in current seismic design codes I have reviewed and the seismic design of super high-rise buildings over 60 m high.
Congratulatory Message
Authors: Onishi Takashi ,   President, Science Council of Japan  President, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
Published: June 2017

First, let me express my heartfelt congratulations to the Journalof Disaster Research (JDR) on its tenth anniversary. TheThird UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, heldthis year in Sendai, Japan, is the third of three UN conferencesin the last three decades all held in Japan. This is partlybecause Japan is one country often subject to natural disasterswith man-made disasters following them. It is also becauseJapan has historically attempted to reduce and prevent disasterdamage.

Lessons in tsunami disasters mainly learned from the 1933Showa Sanriku Earthquake Tsunami and 1960 Chile EarthquakeTsunami were tested in the 2011 Great East Japan EarthquakeDisaster. Concurrent tsunami damage and man-madeproblems arising in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plantaccident were greatly exceeding anything predicted or imaginedand showed how Japan’s disaster reduction and preparednessefforts failed.

In an ordeal on such an unprecedented scale, further lessonsmust be learned so that we may prepare better for impendinglarger disasters. Objectives of disaster research is to learn whatdisasters have to teach us scientifically and to find and proposemeasures that may help reduce disaster damage and help usimplement these measures. I believe that many researchers –particularly younger ones – now diligently and rapidly studyingin preparation for future disasters in view of what past researchmay have lacked. The results of their research should be channeledglobally into disaster reduction in Japan and elsewhere.

As an international open-access journal, the JDR provides animportant forum for international research exchange in practicalways. It is my hope that the JDR will, on this occasion ofits tenth anniversary, continue to provide such a platform forwide-ranging leading-edge research, and that it will therebycontribute to building a society supremely resilient against disaster.