bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeitos da validação e invalidação no desempenho em corrida de atletas
Authors: Barban Marilia , Leonardi Jan Luiz
Published: May 2018

Validação e invalidação influenciam na regulação emocional, podendo potencializar ou dificultar a qualidade das relações, a adaptação em atividades estressantes e a tolerância à dor. Considerando que na área do esporte nem sempre há uma preocupação com os sentimentos do atleta, tanto na situação de treino quanto na de competição, esta pesquisa teve por objetivos avaliar os efeitos da validação e invalidação (1) no rendimento do atleta; (2) na aceitação do sujeito em realizar um treino extra; (3) na percepção da dificuldade do treino; e (4) nas emoções negativas e positivas do atleta. Foi realizado um estudo experimental em que 16 atletas de diferentes modalidades realizaram tiros de 100m e responderam à perguntas e questionários sobre a experiência, recebendo validação ou invalidação do pesquisador. Os resultados mostraram que a invalidação acarretou pontuações mais altas para afetos negativos e percepção da dificuldade do treino, maior recusa para realizar treinos adicionais e queda no rendimento. Tais dados podem ser usados para orientar treinadores e atletas a adotarem posturas menos invalidantes e, assim, favorecerem treinos mais efetivos e resultados cada vez melhores no rendimento.
É possível ser um psiquiatra behaviorista radical? Primeiras reflexões
Authors: Corchs Felipe
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo apresenta alguns esforços reflexivos incipientes acerca da viabilidade teórico-filosófica de um diálogo entre behaviorismo radical/análise do comportamento e psiquiatria, enquanto especialidade médica preocupada com os problemas “mentais e do comportamento”. Tal aproximação, apesar de incipiente, parece promissora e vem se mostrando muito produtiva na prática daqueles que lidam com problemas do comportamento. Baseando a reflexão predominantemente na psiquiatria biológica e num de seus principais pilares, as neurociências, defende-se que o behaviorismo radical poderia ajudar a dar rumo para estas disciplinas que, por sua vez, poderiam ajudar na compreensão e estudo de partes do comportamento que ocorrem no organismo, principalmente nos problemas do comportamento. Em outras palavras, o autor suporta a tese de que tal diálogo ajudaria muito no aprimoramento de ambas as disciplinas e que a separação entre elas é menos nítida do que vem se assumindo de ambos os lados.
Contribuições do behaviorismo radical para a psicologia e desenvolvimento das concepções de metodologia e método científico
Authors: De Souza Eduardo José , Kubo Olga Mitsue
Published: May 2018

“Diga-me o que controla teu comportamento e direi se tu és cientista!”. A frase parece ser brincadeira, mas indica aspectos importantes a respeito da concepção de método científico e de sua função no processo de produzir conhecimento. Do desenvolvimento da concepção de método científico como controle de variáveis que influenciam na observação do fenômeno investigado até a concepção de método científico como controle das variáveis que influenciam todo o processo de conhecer, incluindo variáveis relacionadas ao comportamento do cientista, há contribuições de diversos autores com conhecimento produzido por diferentes formas de conhecer ao longo do tempo, principalmente da ciência e da filosofia. [...]"
A ética a partir de seus problemas e argumentos
Authors: Dittrich Alexandre
Published: May 2018

O estudo de problemas éticos constitui uma das grandes subáreas da filosofia e produziu, ao longo da história dessa disciplina, uma quantidade intimidante de trabalhos. Naturalmente, o mesmo poderia ser dito, por exemplo, da epistemologia – e, nesse sentido, o mesmo problema se aplica a ambas: por onde começar? Como familiarizar-se com os principais problemas éticos e com as soluções propostas a eles ao longo da história da filosofia?[...]
A utilização da terminologia sobre os fatores comuns na análise comportamental clínica
Authors: Fernandes Tales Alexandre Luiz , Popovitz Juliana Maria Bubna , Da Silveira Jocelaine Martins
Published: May 2018

A teoria dos fatores comuns sustenta a existência de variáveis comuns responsáveis pela equivalência dos resultados entre as diversas abordagens de intervenção. A literatura indica que parte considerável da variação nos resultados de um tratamento pode ser explicada por fatores ditos fatores comuns ou fatores da relação terapêutica e boa parte deles são relacionados aos atributos do terapeuta. O movimento dos fatores comuns tomou força com o advento das proposições rogerianas. Além disso, as críticas à eficácia das psicoterapias também impulsionaram os estudos sobre os fatores comuns. Recentemente, dados empíricos chamam a atenção para as características de um terapeuta naturalmente reforçador de melhoras do cliente. O objetivo do presente estudos foi identificar a menção dos fatores comuns ao longo do tempo pela terapias comportamentais. O método consistiu em conduzir uma revisão sistemática, verificando a menção de fatores comuns em periódicos representativos da Análise Comportamental Clínica. Os resultados indicaram que 21 dos 27 artigos selecionados se referiram à relação terapêutica, havendo um expressivo crescimento de alusões aos termos com o advento da Análise Comportamental no campo da clínica. Quanto à expressão “fatores comuns” e correlatas, o número de citações foi baixo. Discute-se a atenção crescente, ao longo dos anos, por parte da Análise Comportamental Clínica aos aspectos da relação terapêutica.
Estudo do comportamento psicótico pela Análise do Comportamento: revisão das publicações no JEAB e JABA
Authors: Dos Santos Fernanda Alves , Santos Karina De Lima , Aureliano Lívia Ferreira Godinho
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desse estudo foi levantar e analisar pesquisas sobre o comportamento psicótico com o referencial da Análise do Comportamento. Para isto, foram selecionados 25 artigos nos periódicos JEAB e JABA que tratavam do assunto. Estes foram analisados integralmente, considerando os seguintes critérios: o ano de publicação, objetivos das pesquisas, comportamentos-alvo, reforçadores utilizados, principais resultados, discussão e considerações finais. A década de 70 foi o período com maior publicação, sendo que a maioria dos estudos objetivava avaliar a efetividade dos princípios operantes ou modificar o comportamento do paciente. O comportamento alvo com maior incidência de estudo foi o verbal e os reforçadores condicionados foram os mais frequentemente utilizados. Apesar das inquestionáveis descobertas acerca do tema esquizofrenia e comportamento psicótico, a quantidade de pesquisas realizadas por analistas do comportamento e pulicadas nesses periódicos foi pequena frente ao que já foi produzido sobre o assunto nas últimas décadas. Discute-se a necessidade de uma produção mais intensa sobre o tema buscando avaliar a eficácia de intervenções relacionadas ao comportamento psicótico.
Jogo de tabuleiro para ensino de habilidades monetárias: grau de aprendizagem de diferentes faixas etárias
Authors: Haydu Verônica Bender , Zanluqui Luzia Venâncio
Published: May 2018

O estudo visou comparar o desempenho de escolares do Ensino Fundamental com 6, 7 e 8 anos de idade em tarefas que envolvem habilidades monetárias, para verificar quais apresentavam maior grau de aprendizagem, após participarem de um jogo de tabuleiro. Foram usados o jogo DimDim: Negociando e Brincando! e testes impressos. O procedimento consistiu de um pré-teste, três partidas do jogo, uma sonda, mais três partidas do jogo e um pós-teste. Verificou-se que, com exceção de um participante com 6 anos de idade, todos os demais apresentaram aumento na porcentagem de acertos após as seis partidas do jogo. Os participantes com 7 e 8 anos de idade necessitaram porcentagens menores de auxílio da experimentadora do que aqueles de 6 anos. Os participantes de 6 anos apresentaram redução mais acentuada na porcentagem do nível de auxílio moderado e aumento do desempenho independente à medida que jogavam. Esses resultados indicam que os participantes de 6 anos foram os que apresentaram maior grau de aprendizagem após o jogo em comparação aos participantes de 7 e 8 anos. Isso provavelmente está relacionado ao fato de o desempenho inicial dos participantes com 6 anos de idade ter sido menor do que dos demais participantes.
A interpretação dos sonhos revisitada
Authors: Vandenberghe Luc
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo oferece uma reflexão, baseada em alguns autores brasileiros, acerca da prática da análise dos sonhos, com o intuito de delinear seus aportes para a terapia comportamental. O conteúdo do sonho reflete os efeitos das contingências que moldaram os repertórios do cliente. O relato do sonho, porém, está sob o controle da relação com o terapeuta. Argumentamos que a análise dos sonhos pode contribuir de três formas para a terapia. Primeiro, pode trazer à luz problemas ou necessidades do cliente que escaparam à atenção, sendo possível, pelo esclarecimento destes, definir melhor as metas para o tratamento. Segundo, comparar o conteúdo dos sonhos ou o comportamento de relatá-los com outras informações sobre o cliente pode ajudar a identificar contingências relevantes que devem ser incluídas na formulação do caso. Em terceiro lugar, o trabalho com os sonhos pode fornecer material para ser trabalhado ao vivo na sessão, a saber, as dificuldades evocadas pelo material do sonho, bem como as dificuldades evocados pela interação com o terapeuta ao analisar o sonho.
Utilização de procedimentos de ensino-aprendizagem: Relatos de analistas do comportamento
Authors: Azoubel Marcos Spector , Gianfaldoni Mônica Helena Tieppo Alves
Published: May 2018

Há diversos estudos de analistas do comportamento sobre educação. Deles, derivaram-se diversos procedimentos de ensino. Apesar de terem eficácia demonstrada por meio de pesquisas empíricas, são pouco utilizados. Apontam-se diversas causas para tal desuso e a maior parte delas diz respeito a pré-conceitos, ignorância ou não aceitação de propostas de autores da área. Para investigar possíveis variáveis envolvidas na utilização de procedimentos de ensino derivados da Análise do Comportamento foram entrevistados cinco analistas do comportamento com experiência em orientação de estudos sobre educação. Os entrevistados apontaram como principais barreiras para uso dos procedimentos da área: aumento do custo de resposta para o professor e rigidez de exigências das instituições de ensino. A maior parte dos obstáculos apontados para utilização dos procedimentos de ensino da área diz respeito a problemas inerentes às tecnologias e à própria comunidade. É questionada a afirmação de que concepções errôneas e ignorância sobre Análise do Comportamento são as principais responsáveis para o desuso dos procedimentos considerados comportamentais para o ensino. Todos os participantes relataram dificuldades em utilizar procedimentos da área; assim, não são utilizados os procedimentos de forma integral, mas adaptações dos mesmos. Apesar de haver consenso quanto à eficácia de tais adaptações, ele não tem sido suficiente para manutenção das mesmas.
Risk Analysis and Countermeasures of Gender-Based Violence in Botswana
Authors: Khumo Maswabi Oitshupile
Published: May 2018

One of the most prevalent human rights violations in the world is Gender-based violence. It knows no economic, national or social boundaries. Over 67% of women in Botswana have experienced abuse, which is more than double the global average. This research on gender-based violence in Botswana focuses on the cycle of violence within abusive relationships, why victims stay in abusive relationships, and what can be done to make them leave abusive relationships, how much they know about the effects of gender-based violence, as well as the coping mechanisms of gender-based violence. Gender-based violence occurs in many ways, and it seems to be more prevalent among married couples especially where the wife is not working, and the husband is the only breadwinner in the household. This research had been carried out in Botswana. A face-to-face interview had been conducted in Botswana randomly to see if people of Botswana are aware of this disturbing phenomenon. A visit to Kagisano Women’s shelter had been undertaken, to get first-hand information because it is where abused women are given shelter. The results of the research will assist in identifying support and resources that can be put in place to combat gender-based violence in Botswana.
O pretérito perfecto em espanhol: entre a expressão do antepresente e outros valores
Authors: Araujo Leandro Silveira de
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho visa fazer uma análise semasiológica do pretérito perfecto espanhol (PC - he estudiado). Para tanto, recorre aos postulados teóricos de Reichenbach (2004), Rojo (1974, 1990, 1999) e Comrie (1976) para descrever os principais valores associados a essa forma verbal pelos estudos descritivos e normativos. Dentre esses valores, destaca-se o de antepresente, que, por isso, recebe especial atenção neste artigo. Contudo, valendo-nos dos referenciais teóricos relativos à temporalidade e aspectualidade, procuramos ainda avaliar outros sentidos também associáveis ao PC. Para evidenciar as descrições realizadas, recorremos a enunciados coletados em gêneros discursivos circulados na esfera jornalística. Como resultado, esperamos poder contribuir um pouco mais para a compreensão do funcionamento dessa forma polissêmica, demonstrando a dinamicidade dessa forma em uso.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Ghemrawi Rose , Battaglia-Hsu Shyue-Fang , Arnold Carole
Published: May 2018

Metabolic disorders have become among the most serious threats to human health, leading to severe chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, despite the fact that each of these maladies has different physiological and clinical symptoms, they appear to share certain pathological traits such as intracellular stress and inflammation induced by metabolic derangements stemmed from over nutrition frequently aggravated by modern sedentary life style. These modern ways of living inundate cells and organs with saturating levels of sugar and fat, leading to glycotoxicity and lipotoxicity that induce intracellular stress signaling ranging from oxidative to ER stress response to cope with the metabolic insults [1]. In this review, we discuss the roles played by cellular stress and its responses in shaping metabolic disorders. We have summarized here current mechanistic insights explaining the pathogenesis of these disorders. These are followed by a discussion of the latest therapies targeting the stress response pathways.
Melt Processing and Characterization of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Hexadecylamine-Modified Layered Zinc Phenylphosphonate Nanocomposites
Authors: Kuo Dong-Lin , Chen Erh-Chiang , Wu Tzong-Ming
Published: May 2018

Biocompatible and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA)/hexadecylamine-modified PPZn (m-PPZn) nanocomposites were prepared using a melt mixing process. Experimental results of wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the stacking layers of the m-PPZn were partially intercalated and partially exfoliated into the PBSA polymer matrix. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of PBSA/m-PPZn nanocomposites were studied at the temperature range of 62−70 °C and the half-time for crystallization of 3 wt % PBSA/m-PPZn nanocomposite was reduced by 27−35% compared with that of pure PBSA. This finding suggests that the incorporation of m-PPZn might cause the heterogeneous nucleation and the subsequent crystallization growth, which enhances the isothermal crystallization rate of PBSA/m-PPZn nanocomposite. The biodegradation rates of PBSA using Lipase from Pseudomonas sp. increase as the contents of m-PPZn increase. The degradation behavior of the neat PBSA investigated using the change of weight-average molecular weight belongs to exo-type hydrolysis activity. It is necessary to point out that the change of degree of crystallinity and degradation rate are almost linearly proportional to the loading of hexadecylamine-modified PPZn. This finding would provide an important information for the manufacturing biodegradable PBSA nanocomposites.
Influence of Elytral Colour Pattern, Size, and Sex of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on Parasite Prevalence and Intensity of Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales)
Authors: Haelewaters Danny , Hiller Thomas , Gorczak Michał , Pfister Donald H.
Published: May 2018

Harmonia axyridis is an invasive ladybird (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with the potential to outcompete native ladybird species in its invasive distribution area. It was introduced as a biological control agent in many countries but has also spread unintentionally in many others. Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) is a minute (200–400 µm in size) biotrophic fungus that infects over 30 species of ladybirds. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elytral colour pattern, size, and sex of Ha. axyridis affect infection by H. virescens. Colouration in Ha. axyridis has been linked to the presence of an antimicrobial alkaloid (harmonine). In fall 2016, we collected 763 Ha. axyridis individuals in Cambridge, Massaschusetts, of which 119 (16%) bore H. virescens fruiting bodies. We analysed 160 individuals concerning prevalence and intensity of infection by H. virescens. Elytral sizes and colouration patterns were quantified using digital photography and analytical methods. Smaller ladybirds had a higher prevalence and higher intensity of parasitism. Additionally, male ladybirds bore more thalli compared to female ladybirds. Elytral colour patterns had an effect on neither prevalence nor intensity of infection by Laboulbeniales in our dataset. This suggests that development of Laboulbeniales may be unaffected by certain insect alkaloids.
Impact of Mechanical Degradation on Polymer Injectivity in Porous Media
Authors: Al-Shakry Badar , Skauge Tormod , Shaker Shiran Behruz , Skauge Arne
Published: May 2018

Polymer flooding is an established enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, still many aspects of polymer flooding are not well understood. This study investigates the influence of mechanical degradation on flow properties of polymers in porous media. Mechanical degradation due to high shear forces may occur in the injection well and at the entrance to the porous media. The polymers that give high viscosity yields at a sustainable economic cost are typically large, MW > 10 MDa, and have wide molecular weight distributions. Both MW and the distributions are altered by mechanical degradation, leading to changes in the flow rheology of the polymer. The polymer solutions were subjected to different degrees of pre-shearing and pre-filtering before injected into Bentheimer outcrop sandstone cores. Rheology studies of injected and produced polymer solutions were performed and interpreted together with in-situ rheology data. The core floods showed a predominant shear thickening behavior at high flow velocities which is due to successive contraction/expansion flow in pores. When pre-sheared, shear thickening was reduced but with no significant reduction in in-situ viscosity at lower flow rates. This may be explained by reduction in the extensional viscosity. Furthermore, the results show that successive degradation occurred which suggests that the assumption of the highest point of shear which determines mechanical degradation in a porous media does not hold for all field relevant conditions.
Some Normal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Heronian Mean Operators Using Hamacher Operation and Their Application
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Zhang Zhiming , Kong Hang
Published: May 2018

Hamacher operation which is generalization of the Algebraic and Einstein operation, can widely provide a large number of arithmetical operation with respect to uncertainty information, and Heronian mean can deal with correlations of the input arguments or different criteria and don’t make calculation redundancy, meanwhile, the normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (NIFNs) can depict distinctively normal distribution information in practical decision making. In this paper, a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem is researched under the NIFNs environment, and a new MCGDM approach is introduced on the basis of the Hamacher operation. Firstly, according to Hamacher t-conorm and t-norm, some operational laws of NIFNs are presented. Secondly, it is noticed that Heronian mean can’t only once take into account mutual relation between attribute values once, but also consider the correlation between input argument and itself. Therefore, we develop some operators and study their properties in order to aggregate normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers information, these operators include Hamacher Heronian mean (NIFHHM), Hamacher weighted Heronian mean (NIFHWHM), Hamacher geometric Heronian mean (NIFHGHM) and Hamacher weighted geometric Heronian mean (NIFHWGHM). Furthermore, we apply the proposed operators to the MCGDM problem and present a new method. The main characteristics of this new method involve that: (1) it is suitable to make decision under the normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers environment and more reliable and reasonable to aggregate the normal distribution information. (2) it utilizes Hamacher operation which can provide more reliable and flexible decision-making results and offer an effective and powerful mathematic tool for the MAGDM under uncertainty. (3) it uses the Heronian mean operator which can considers relationships between the input arguments or the attributes and don’t brings subsequently about redundancy. Lastly, an application is given for showing the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented method in this paper.
Meningkatkan Kemandirian Petani melalui Pengembangan Kelembagaan Petani di Kecamatan Polokarto
Authors: Anantanyu Sapja , Padmaningrum Dwiningtyas , Sutarto Sutarto
Published: May 2018

In developing countries, however, the farmer organizations are still weak in one side and there are a variety of constraints in development of such organizations in other side. Similar experience occurs with farmer organizations in District of Sukoharjo. With this context, it is necessary for the agricultural service to carry out an action plan to promote farmer organizations in order to enhance self reliance of the organizations.  A conceptual framework should be formulated based on the following considerations: (a) continue the existing program of farmer organizations developed and its improvement in the future; (b) analyze the strengths and weakness of the existing farmer organizations; (c) establish the ideal conditions of the farmer organizations, especially in term of self reliance.

This studi formulates an alternaiveframework for intervention which cover the followings: (a) increase  the capacity of extension agents, especially in delivering guidance and technical assistant; (b) increase the capacity of farmer organizations to formulate participatory plan; (c) enhance the role of extension agents, especially in facilitating the activities of farmer organizations.

Improvement of the capacity of farmer organizations can be done through increasing motivation (AMT), master of technique of productive activities and it is important to assist the organizations for their marketing products. Motivation and stimulation services shoul be directed to self reliance process of the farmer organizations and the members.
Evaluasi Produktivitas Domba Ekor Gemuk Berdasar Reproductive Rate
Authors: Prastowo Sigit
Published: May 2018

Fat Tailed Sheep represent one of Indonesian livestock that having excellence of comparability with other ruminants livestock. The excellence is quickly adult, short of pregnant age, and has the nature of bearing twin, so if evaluated from development aspect will be very beneficial. Reproductive Rate (RR) is a mount of reproduction ability from a group of ewes. Reproductive Rate defined as amount of weaned lamb by ewe every year. Variable/component related to RR are litter size, lamb mortalities before weaning and lambing interval.

Litter size is general influenced by difference of breeds, age and sufficiency of nutrition. Litter size is peculiarly influenced by ovulation rate that determined by breed, age, nutrition and parity. Lamb age, litter size, birth weight, season, nutrition and parity are influenced lamb mortalities before weaning. Lambing interval determined by nutrition factor and management, which is matting pattern and lamb weaning.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Filler dalam Pengeringan terhadap Perubahan Komponen Nutrisi dalam Penyimpanan Hasil Olahan Limbah Organik Dapur dan Restoran Hotel
Authors: Sulistiyanto Bambang , Sumarsih Sri , Sutrisno C Imam , Nurwantoro Nurwantoro , PM Istiyan , D Anum
Published: May 2018

Research of effect filler addition in drying to nutrient component exchange in storage of processed organic wastes of kitchen and restaurant hotel’s was done at the laboratory of feed Technology, Departemen of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science UNDIP, Semarang. The research was aimed to study effect of filler addition in drying process of organic wastes of kitchen and restaurant hotel’s so the qualityy of product observed from proximate component and total fungi exchange during storage. Experiment was conducted by factorial completely randomized design (CRD-factorial) 3x2x3. Organic wastes of hotels class 1,2 and 3 dried by adding filler 0 and 15% and were stored for 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Component proximate i.e.: crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude fiber (CF), Ash and Nitrogen Free extract (NFE) and total fungi are parameter observed. Data were statistically analyzed by Steel and Torrie (1981).

The result showed that interaction effects of rice brand addition and time of storing are significant to EE, CF and NFE (P<0.05), but the effect to CP and Ash are not significant (P>0.05). interaction between hotel class, filler and storing significantly affected total fungi in the processed product (P<0.05).
Pembangunan dan Politik Pertanian di Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Sri
Published: May 2018

Agricultural sector get the especial priority in the effort economic development because this sector represent the dominant sector in Indonesia, either from contribution of national earnings, supply of employment, resource of stock-exchange etcetera. New approach in development ought to base on the fact that farmer have experienced of the process dinamisasi and modernize, so that farmer have more rational, have recognized the modern agriculture technology and recognize various high valuable agriculture commodity. Most of all farmer, including small businessman, have got the benefit from program of Bimas or green revolution, with adopting modern technology at paddy look like at growth rate high production until start a decay 1990-an. Food resilience do not only short-range, but long-range more important, that is how can create the situation able to push the stable production by trend mounting. This matter will concern some problem to determine the policy of concerning institute, produce, self sufficiency, stabilization of price and support price. Pprotection gets the efficiency, but protection needed a commodity which not yet ready to compete globally, to protect the emulation which do not fair, to protect the farmer, and to protect long-range food resilience.
Kajian Paparan Bahan Tambahan Pangan Benzoat pada Anak-anak Berdasarkan Data Konsumsi Pangan Individu di Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Sarifudin Achmat
Published: May 2018

Food additives exposure assessment of benzoate is one of the important points in health risk assessment. This assessment is needed to protect the children from negative impact caused by excessive consumption of benzoate. The method used to predict individual benzoate consumption by calculating all benzoate consumption contained in food product in 3 days consumption. Concentration data of benzoate in the products was determined based on assumption of highest concentration allowed by government regulation of Food Additives i.e Permenkes no. 722/Menkes/PER/IX/1988. To obtain benzoate exposure level, the sum of benzoate consumptions was compared with safety limit level of benzoate (Acceptable Daily Intake) Value. This research resulted a mean value of benzoate consumption is 0.36 mm/kg BW (Body Weight) or its exposure level 7% ADI (ADI Benzoate= 5 mg/kg BW) and even highest consumer (95th) is 1.16 mg/kg BW or its exposure level 23% ADI
Kualitas Air dan Sumbangan Hara dari Air Irigasi Sidorejo
Authors: Suyono Jaka , Sutopo Sutopo , Widijanto Herry
Published: May 2018

Irrigation water contributes several kind of nutrients to lowland rice and sometimes creates some problems. Research on irrigation water connected with fertilizers requirement and its effect on plant growth and crop yield was still limited. Water samples from Sidorejo irrigation in Central Java, at dry season in 2001, analyzed in laboratory its anion, cation, and water quality. The result showed that water quality from Sidorejo irrigation is suitable and did not give any unfavorable effect on the growth and yield of rice plant; which the values of SAR is very good, DHL and TDS were good-very good, Cl- is very good, percentage Na+ is moderate-good, SO4- is very good, and pH is normal. Irrigation water from Sidorejo irrigation were could supply 4,62 kg N/ha/season, 0,02 kg P/ha/season, 8,45 kg K/ha/season, 48,36 kg S/ha/season, 128,26 kg Ca/ha/season, and 34,89 kg Mg/ha/season respectively. The amount of nutrients supply have to be considered in the decision of fertilizer need
Long Strange Journey
Authors: Levine Gregory P. A.
Published: May 2018

This book examines Zen Buddhism in the modern-contemporary world, tracing a recent history that enchants, and constrains, understandings of where Zen and Zen art, aesthetics come from and what they look like, do, and mean. This perspective diverges from that evident in writings that laud premodern Zen masterworks and master artists; gush over timeless aesthetic qualities and metaphysical states; and promote with trend-spotting flair Zen’s design appeal and therapeutic value. In contrast, this book plots a historiographical through line from sixteenth-century contacts between Europe and Japanese Zen, to late nineteenth-early and twentieth-century modernity and transnational Zen exchange driven by Japanese lay Buddhists, monastics, and intellectuals, and to the postwar “Zen boom” with its varied inflections and accusations, and more recent expressions of our “Zenny zeitgeist” such as Zen cartoons and the sale of Zen-styled products and supplies for Zen meditation. Its chapters explore moments of ecumenical exchange and spiritual discovery but also conflict over authenticity; efforts to define the aesthetic, material, and religious dimensions of Zen amid the convolutions of global modernity; and still active religious and discursive spaces of Zen and Zen art—vibrating with particular sorts of energy and specific stakes for particular and often global communities.
Making Zen Modern
Authors: Levine Gregory P. A.
Published: May 2018

Focused on D. T. Suzuki, this chapter considers the efforts of Japanese Zen monastics and lay Buddhists to reform and modernize Zen—to bring it out of the meditation hall—through emphasis on lay and global outreach, framed within Japanese exceptionalism and articulated through hybridization with Western theology and philosophy and premised in an argument for Zen’s universality. It turns then to critics of Suzuki’s presentations as well as the proliferation of Zen advocates in the West, including R. H. Blyth and Alan Watts, whose adaptations of Zen were not entirely consonant with the Zen promoted by Suzuki and other Japanese authorities.
Coda
Authors: Levine Gregory P. A.
Published: May 2018

The book concludes with a Coda that suggests the ongoing importance and cachet of Zen in multiple spaces—religious, spiritual, artistic, commercial—continuing debates on authentic Zen, and the uneven processes of change underway in contemporary interest in and representations of Zen.
Everyday Forms of Hierarchical Observance
Authors: Keeler Ward
Published: May 2018

This chapter illustrates the way hierarchical understandings shape what happens in three everyday situations in Burma. Interaction among drivers, motorcyclists, and pedestrians on Burma’s roads shows hierarchy at its simplest, in the inequality that obtains among participants who nevertheless seize any opportunity that presents itself for getting ahead. At Buddhist sermons, listeners, mostly women, make enthusiastic display of their subordination to monks, demonstrating the appeal of taking up subordinate status relative to a highly respected other. In tea shops, arrangements for placing orders and paying for them enable customers to enjoy the privileges of higher standing without being in any way entangled in ongoing relationships, even momentary ones, with their servers, thus illustrating the principles of free market exchange.
A Description of the Shweigyin Monastery
Authors: Keeler Ward
Published: May 2018

This chapter provides a detailed description of a highly respected and conservative Buddhist monastery in contemporary Mandalay, based on the author’s seven-month stay there in 2011 and 2012. It describes the various structures located within its walls and the activities of the monks and novices residing there. The most important of their activities consists of memorizing whole swathes of Pali texts in preparation for nationally administered exams. The conduct of classes, as well as the daily routines of monks and novices, including the evening recitation of praises of the Buddha, are all recounted in order to reveal the workings of the monastery as a social institution.
Buddhist Landscape and Cultural Memory
Authors: Peleggi Maurizio
Published: May 2018

Chapter 1 considers the Buddhist inscription of Thailand’s landscape across the longue duree of history. One main theme in this chapter is the replication in situ of the sacred geography of India and Sri Lanka, including physical sites such as footprints and reliquaries (stupas). A second theme is the historic relationship between relics as powerful objects and men of power as those seeking to appropriate and manipulate relics. A third theme is the construction and restoration of cultic edifices as a practice constitutive of cultural memory.
Ida’s Heritage, 1862–1914
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

This chapter traces Ida’s heritage back to Pope’s first Plymouth Colony ancestor, Thomas Pope. It covers her formative years and takes her through her time at Oberlin College. It ends with her acceptance of a teaching position from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) to teach in a boarding school in Honolulu, the Kawaiahao Seminary for Girls
The Extraordinary Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

This chapter places Pope in her 19th-century era and presents the major themes including immigration, westward expansion, the rise of industrial America, the growth of political democracy, women’s rights, temperance, public education, slavery, the Civil War, and more. The three periods of time—early, middle and late 19th century—show women’s advancement in the educational arena and their “call to teach.” The histories of Mount Holyoke and Oberlin are succinctly offered.
Ida to the Kingdom, 1890–1892
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes the grueling journey to Honolulu from Chicago and Pope’s first impressions of Honolulu, including the missionary community and the royal family. It covers Pope’s first-hand account of King Kalakaua’s death rituals and funeral. It leads into the ascension of Queen Liliuokalani to the throne.
Prayer and Politics
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

This chapter covers the days before, during and after the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and the Hawaiian monarchy. Pope was an eyewitness to the turbulent events, and a riveting diary by teacher Lilla Appleton reveals what the occupants of Kawaiaha‘o Seminary were experiencing during the revolution in a day by day account.
Up and Away in the New Century
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

By the time the twentieth century rolled around, few places on earth had changed so completely as the Hawaiian Islands. In the midst of educating her pupils for the radical pace of modernization that was rushing Honolulu forward, Pope had a startling revelation. As time-honored Hawaiian traditions were subjugated under the transformations, she realized her pupils had been deprived of their culture and that she had, unwittingly, been a participant in this. Almost as an apology, Pope went into the new century at full steam, making sure Hawaiian girls knew they had a distinct cultural identity, one that must be acknowledged, respected, and enabled to flourish in the midst of the Americanization of the islands. At Kamehameha, Pope was an activist, complaining to the trustees that not enough was being done, but abroad, she acted as an ambassador for the school and the success of its programs. The more Pope wrote, traveled throughout America, and visited educational intuitions, the more people heard about the Kamehameha School for Girls. She was proud that influential people began to look to her school as a prototype. Pope was invited to join an organized tour group of American educators in the spring of 1906 on a grand European tour.
Last Aloha to Mother Pope, 1914
Authors: Bonura Sandra E.
Published: May 2018

When Ida May Pope died unexpectedly from a stroke while visiting Chicago in the summer of 1914, it was front-page news in virtually every publication in Hawai‘i. Headlines proclaiming the death of “Mother Pope” caused a wail from island to island. The grief expressed spanned class and culture. Memorials were given on every island and covered extensively in newspapers. Her alumnae created The Ida M. Pope Memorial Scholarship Fund and to date, thousands upon thousands of Hawaiian women have acquired a college education through this fund. When women finally did get voting rights on August 26, 1920, Kamehameha graduates across the islands made the news when they competed with each other to earn the distinction as “ first in line” to register. Alice Stone Blackwell reported to the American press that Hawaiian women, who had been disenfranchised by the United States, were taking back the positions they held in “the days of the monarchy.” Ida created a cohort of firebrands.
The Mainstreaming of Feminism and the Politics of Backlash in Twenty-First-Century Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomomi
Published: May 2018

Japan’s Gender Equality Law was introduced in 1999, followed by the passage of municipal gender equality ordinances throughout the country. A backlash against feminism then occurred as a reaction to the perceived “invasion” of feminism in the local political arena. Based on the author’s long-term fieldwork with anti-feminist conservatives, the chapter discusses the conflicts between feminists and conservatives in local communities, particularly concerning gender equality ordinances in Ube City in Yamaguchi prefecture and Miyakonojō City in Miyazaki Prefecture. These examples demonstrate that the way that gender equality ordinances were introduced and imposed from the center to the periphery, as well as questions of sexual orientation, were the anti-feminists’ prime concerns. The chapter also addresses the recent state of feminism, especially under the ultra-conservative Abe administration, in power since 2012. Both feminist and anti-feminist movements were at a crossroads in the changing landscape of a politically charged Japan since the early 2000s.
Dangerous Women and Dangerous Stories
Authors: Hemmann Kathryn
Published: May 2018

In her two bestselling novels Grotesque and Real World, Kirino Natsuo (1951–) contrasts the commodified sexuality of young women with the sexual alienation of older women. Through her fiction, the author responds to several strands of discourse on women and social responsibility that shaped public policy in Japan during the late 1990s, in which women were blamed for issues such as Japan’s low birthrate and economic stagnation. At the center of these debates was women’s sexuality, which politicians and the media alternately worshipped and villainized. Kirino critiques the contradictions inherent in these discourses by demonstrating their effect on her female characters, who find themselves trapped in a cycle of outwardly imposed misogyny and internalized self-hatred that they in turn direct toward other women.
Introduction
Authors: Sasges Gerard
Published: May 2018

Indochina’s alcohol monopoly was financially unproductive and politically disastrous. Making sense of this seemingly senseless policy requires placing the monopoly in both global and local contexts. Global contexts include advances in microbiology, the consolidation of the distilling industry, and the spread of new fiscal and administrative technologies. Local contexts include Indochina’s complex physical and human geographies, the contested and incomplete nature of French rule, the dominant position of ethnic Chinese in the Indochinese economy, and widespread popular resistance to the monopoly. As a result, Indochina’s alcohol regime simultaneously transcends and confirms its colonial setting: made possible by developments in industry and government worldwide, at the same time the alcohol regime was indelibly marked by the people and spaces of Indochina and by the authoritarian and racist nature of colonial rule.
Fiscal Logics
Authors: Sasges Gerard
Published: May 2018

Indochina’s alcohol regime is inseparable from the creation of the fiscal state. The origins of the fiscal state flowed from multiple sources: the modernizing, centralizing impulses of French officials, the civilizing mission to promote economic and social development, and new demands that colonies be financially self-supporting. Yet the particular revenue source the state chose—a state-supported private monopoly on production—was not only inequitable, but also failed to generate revenue efficiently. Nevertheless, the monopoly was created and maintained despite its flaws and in the face of resistance at almost every level of the French state. In part, this was due to powerful French statesmen like Paul Doumer, Paul Beau, and Albert Sarraut and their vision of a powerful, modern Indochinese state. Yet an even more important role was played by mid-level administrators like Antonin Frézouls and Paul Simoni, who worked with A.R. Fontaine to turn this vision into a very warped reality.
Oppression, Resistance, Rebellion
Authors: Sasges Gerard
Published: May 2018

The alcohol regime provoked resistance at almost every level of Indochinese society. Popular resistance was shaped by various contexts. One was the corruption, abuse, and violence that were endemic to the alcohol regime. Another was its perceived illegitimacy. And a final context was the economic opportunity created by the highly taxed, unfamiliar tasting alcohol. The result was multiple forms of “everyday resistance” made possible by the complicity and collusion of broad swaths of colonial society, from village mayors to French infantry officers. Not all resistance can be characterized as everyday, however. Overt resistance, or what the colonial state labeled “rebellions,” occurred in response to particular events in the larger context of the state’s aggressive interdiction of contraband. With these acts of resistance, villagers acted to defend the integrity of their community, the sanctity of cultural norms, or basic notions of justice.
Epilogue
Authors: Sasges Gerard
Published: May 2018

On the corner of Tran Quang Khai and Trang Tien Streets in Hanoi, just to the north of the Opera House, sits Vietnam’s Museum of the Revolution. Until it closed a few years ago, the bia hoi (fresh beer) restaurant that leased a corner of the museum’s expansive grounds was the main reason people came to the site. Today, only the odd school group or particularly hardy traveler ever ventures inside, where they are treated to an exhaustive and highly didactic account of the struggle to overthrow French colonialism, defeat American imperialism, and build today’s socialist republic. No doubt a few visitors appreciate the irony that only a stone’s throw away, the children of Vietnam’s revolutionaries can enjoy champagne brunch at the renovated Métropole hotel, or shop for Cartier, Louis Vuitton, and Jaeger-LeCoultre at the district’s many upscale shops. Even fewer would understand the symbolism of housing the museum in the former headquarters of one of the colonial regime’s most hated institutions, the Department of Customs and Monopolies....
Koreans in China
Authors: Jo Ji-Yeon O.
Published: May 2018

I trace the sociopolitical history of Korean Chinese, illustrating the pathways they took to become Chinese citizens while negotiating their national minority status as ethnic Koreans. Relative to other diaspora Koreans, Korean Chinese have succeeded to a remarkable degree at maintaining the Korean language and cultural traditions; this is primarily due to the communal living that they were able to sustain due to the Chinese government’s tolerant ethnic policy, which allowed not only the establishment of the Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, but also ethnic education via the Korean language. Nevertheless, their status as diasporans residing near the national border with the ancestral homeland yet largely prohibited from “returning” has created an affective condition of “longing” among the Korean Chinese, a longing which has been intergenerationally transmitted through family stories, metaphorical teachings, and cultural traditions.
Koreans in the Commonwealth of Independent States
Authors: Jo Ji-Yeon O.
Published: May 2018

I delineate the precarious national belongings of CIS Koreans, which encompass their diaspora history in the Russian Far East, their lives during and after the mass deportation to Central Asia, the experience of forced migration to Sakhalin in the later part of the Japanese occupation of Korea, and the post-Soviet emergence of ethnic discrimination and economic hardship that they have faced in diaspora. Although earlier generations tried hard to preserve Korean language and culture and to instill ethnic identity among later-generation diaspora Koreans, CIS Koreans’ geographical distance from the ancestral homeland and the repercussions of the Cold War precluded them from visiting Korea, which ultimately contributed to the loss of Korean language and ethnic identity. The turbulent diaspora history of CIS Koreans resulted in “suffering” as the main contour of their affective condition in diaspora.
Conclusion
Authors: Jo Ji-Yeon O.
Published: May 2018

I call for rethinking ethnic return migration through the lens of transborder belongings. Based on analysis of the discursive processes that shape return migrants’ membership status and affective belonging in the domains of citizenship, kinship, and language, I reconceptualize the notions of border and belonging, and theorize the phenomenon of legacy migration. Along the way, I provide evidence of what legacy migrants do to create belonging in the liminal and interstitial spaces they encounter. Ultimately, I propose a more versatile framework for understanding ethnic return migration and its relationship with mobility and affect, which together reflect the multifaceted contexts of contemporary transnational migration.