bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of spinning-disk solid sample delivery system for high-repetition rate x-ray free electron laser experiments
Authors: Welke N. , Majernik N. , Ash R. , Moro A. , Agustsson R. , Manwani P. , Li K. , Sakdinawat A. , Aquila A. , Benediktovitch A. , Halavanau A. , Rosenzweig J. , Bergmann U. , Pellegrini C.
Published: October 2023

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense x-ray pulses that destroy the sample in a single shot by a Coulomb explosion. Experiments using XFEL pulse trains or the new generation of high-repetition rate XFELs require rapid sample replacement beyond those provided by the systems now used at low repletion-rate XFELs. We describe the development and characterization of a system based on a spinning disk to continuously deliver a solid sample into an XFEL interaction point at very high speeds. We tested our system at the Linac Coherent Light Source and European XFEL hard x-ray nano-focus instruments, employing it to deliver a 25 μm copper foil sample, which can be used as a gain medium for stimulated x-ray emission for the proposed x-ray laser oscillator.
The unsteadiness of tip leakage vortex breakdown and its role in rotating instability
Authors: Yang Fan , Wu Yanhui , Chen Zhiyang , Spence Stephen , Li Bo
Published: October 2023

The unsteadiness due to tip leakage vortex (TLV) breakdown was studied using a special experimental test campaign in parallel with numerical simulations. The back flow vortex (BFV), an isolated vortex caused by TLV spiral-type breakdown, was found to play a key role in rotating instability (RI). High-speed pressure transducers were used to measure the unsteady pressure field at the casing end wall of the blade in an isolated subsonic compressor rotor, which identified a low-frequency fluctuation at the near stall condition. A single-passage unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation was used to study the evolution of unsteady flow structures, validated by the experimental measurements. Two distinct kinds of periodically unsteady flow were revealed by the simulations. A high-frequency fluctuation corresponding to 1.0 blade pass frequency (BPF) was caused by the spiral-type breakdown of the TLV. The other low-frequency fluctuation corresponding to 0.5BPF was caused by the feedback interaction between the BFV and the blade loading. The BFV was generated by the TLV breakdown, which was separated from the twisted vortex core of the TLV, and it moved downstream along the pressure side of the adjacent blade. A larger sized BFV reduced the local loading of the adjacent blade. The TLV was weakened as a consequence of the reduced loading, resulting in a smaller sized BFV. The blade tip loading was relatively less affected by the small sized BFV rather than the larger sized BFV. Therefore, the blade loading recovered and the size of the BFV increased, repeating the cycle. This feedback mechanism produced a pressure fluctuation with a frequency equal to 0.5BPF, which was closely related to RI.
Effect of κ-deformed Kaniadakis distribution on the modulational instability of electron-acoustic waves in a non-Maxwellian plasma
Authors: Irshad M. , Ata-ur-Rahman  , Khalid Muhammad , Khan S. , Alotaibi B. M. , El-Sherif L. S. , El-Tantawy S. A.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the modulational instability (MI) of the high-frequency electron-acoustic waves (EAWs) is reported in a non-Maxwellian plasma composed of two distinct types of electrons and stationary ions. One type of electrons is treated as a cold inertial fluid, whereas the other type is considered as inertialess species following κ-deformed Kaniadakis distribution. The fluid equations to the current model are reduced via a reductive perturbation technique to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which is then used to compute the MI and the growth rate of the EAWs. It is instructive to note that the deformation parameter (which develops the Kaniadakis entropy) and the hot-to-cold electron density ratio (hot electron concentration) significantly affect the conditions for MI. The modulated envelope black (dark and gray) solitons are investigated. The current results are beneficial in analyzing the spectrum of the cosmic rays, which violates manifestly the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics. Moreover, the obtained results can be used to understand the mystery of many observations in stars where the presence of non-Maxwellian particles dominates.
Nonmonotonic magnetic field dependence of magnetization of self-assembled magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Zhongze , Hu Yong
Published: October 2023

We report a numerical study on the magnetization behavior of self-assembled magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with diameters of 10 and 14 nm magnetized at room temperature, based on molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the nano-sheets or nano-chains, depending on the MNPs' diameter, are grown isotropically in the self-assembly process without a magnetic field, resulting in zero magnetization. The self-assembly also proceeds under a constant magnetic field. Interestingly, the magnetization of self-assembled MNPs is maximized under 0.05 T and monotonically decreases with further increasing magnetic field. Microscopically, the long nano-belts and nano-chains are favored, with the MNPs' arrangements and magnetic dipole orientations both aligning with the magnetic field direction under weak magnetic fields. On the contrary, under strong magnetic fields, small nano-sheets and short nano-chains with different magnetic dipole orientations are formed. The results are interpreted mainly due to the competition between magnetic dipole–dipole interaction and magnetic field, and a critical separation between MNPs, below which the internal interactions are predominant, is found to depend on MNPs' diameter and magnetic field strength. Therefore, the optimized magnetic field value can be exactly calculated, which provides a roadmap of critical research areas to enable the next generation of MNP-based materials synthesis.
Dual-rail encoding with superconducting cavities
Authors: Teoh James D. , Winkel Patrick , Babla Harshvardhan K. , Chapman Benjamin J. , Claes Jahan , de Graaf Stijn J. , Garmon John W. O. , Kalfus William D. , Lu Yao , Maiti Aniket , Sahay Kaavya , Thakur Neel , Tsunoda Takahiro , Xue Sophia H. , Frunzio Luigi , Girvin Steven M. , Puri Shruti , Schoelkopf Robert J.
Published: October 2023

The design of quantum hardware that reduces and mitigates errors is essential for practical quantum error correction (QEC) and useful quantum computation. To this end, we introduce the circuit-Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) dual-rail qubit in which our physical qubit is encoded in the single-photon subspace,

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, of two superconducting microwave cavities. The dominant photon loss errors can be detected and converted into erasure errors, which are in general much easier to correct. In contrast to linear optics, a circuit-QED implementation of the dual-rail code offers unique capabilities. Using just one additional transmon ancilla per dual-rail qubit, we describe how to perform a gate-based set of universal operations that includes state preparation, logical readout, and parametrizable single and two-qubit gates. Moreover, first-order hardware errors in the cavities and the transmon can be detected and converted to erasure errors in all operations, leaving background Pauli errors that are orders of magnitude smaller. Hence, the dual-rail cavity qubit exhibits a favorable hierarchy of error rates and is expected to perform well below the relevant QEC thresholds with today’s coherence times.
Adaptive anadromic regularization method for the Cauchy problem of the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Omri Haithem , Jday Fadhel
Published: October 2023

In this research work, we investigate the Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation. Considering the completion data problem in a bounded cylindrical domain with Neumann and Dirichlet conditions on a part of the boundary. An immediate approximation of missing boundary data is obtained using a method that factorizes the boundary value problem. This factorization uses the Neumann to Dirichlet or Dirichlet to Neumann operators that satisfy the Riccati equation. Some singularities appear in the solution of the Riccati equation for a particular length of the waveguide of the Helmholtz equation. We elaborate a new numerical method called ‘adaptive anadromic regularization method’ that can solve these operators beyond the singularity. In addition, we introduce a scaling matrix technique to the linear matrix equations associated with the Riccati equations to generate normalized solutions. Our numerical procedure not only approximates missing boundary data, but also provides an error estimate that allows efficient time stepping. Numerical tests proved to confirm the theory even in the presence of high noise levels.
Influence of thiourea concentration during deposition of a CdS buffer layer on the electric properties of Cu2SnS3 solar cells
Authors: Kanai Ayaka , Saito Soichiro , Araki Hideaki , Tanaka Kunihiko
Published: October 2023

The p–n interface state and depletion layer region of solar cells were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to elucidate the effect of varying thiourea (TU) concentrations in chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the photovoltaic properties of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) solar cells. The photoconversion efficiency (PCE) increased as the TU concentration increased, peaking at 0.16 M and decreasing thereafter. Additionally, the constant phase element-p value, which is indicative of the p–n interface state in CTS solar cells, exhibited a similar trend to that of the PCE of CTS solar cells with increasing TU concentration. The decrease in the PCE was due to the electron recombination that occurred at the p–n interface of CTS solar cells with increasing TU concentrations. Therefore, to improve the PCE of the CTS solar cells, the TU concentration in CBD must be optimized because the p–n interface state is sensitive to changes in the growth conditions of CdS films. By studying the effects on the p–n interface state and depletion layer in CTS solar cells using EIS measurements, useful knowledge can be obtained to increase the PCE of all-sulfide-compound solar cells using n-type CdS films as well as CTS.
A novel collaborative bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-scale dynamic fusion network under speed fluctuating condition
Authors: Xing Shuo , Wang Jinrui , Han Baokun , Zhang Zongzhen , Bao Huaiqian , Ma Hao , Jiang Xingwang
Published: October 2023

Improving bearing fault diagnosis accuracy under speed fluctuation is a challenge in engineering applications. With the development of big data processing technology, a new solution, multi-sensor complementary information, has emerged. However, single-scale dimension compression, which is adopted in most multi-sensor data fusion methods, captures only a small amount of valuable information. To deal with this deficiency, a multi-scale dynamic fusion network (MSDFN) is proposed. First, considering the existence of non-stationary features in the fluctuating speed signal, the FReLU function is adopted to activate the features after considering contextual information. Then, multi-sensor features are fused by multiple scales to obtain richer feature information, and fusion features at different scales are weighted by using the attention mechanism. Finally, batch normalization is employed to standardize the variable speed feature distribution. The validity of the MSDFN is proved by conducting fault diagnosis experiments on two bearings under speed fluctuating conditions. Experimental results indicate that the MSDFN is not only effective in identifying various types of fault samples, but also shows higher stability in multiple trials when compared with other methods.
A single ended, single port configuration based 9 T SRAM cell for stability enhancement
Authors: Singhal Vansh , Rawat Bhawna , Mittal Poornima , Kumar Brijesh
Published: October 2023

The growing demand for power efficient devices and high-density memories has pushed researchers to develop low power SRAMs. The main objective for these researches is to reduce power consumption and enhances battery life and scaling of technology node. Consequently, in this paper a 9T SRAM bit cell with enhanced stability and single ended, single port configuration is proposed. The cell is designed and simulated at 180 nm technology node with a voltage supply of 1V. The cell proposed has low power consumption owing to single bitline, higher read stability due to isolated read port, better write margin due to disconnected feedback connection and resistant to soft errors because of half select disturbance free architecture. To assess the performance of the proposed cell its performance is compared against existing 6T, 8T, 9TST, SB 9T, TRD 9T, and NTV 9T bit cells. The HSNM (RSNM) and WM values for the proposed cell are equal to 364 mV and 378 mV respectively. The cell is designed to be half select disturbance free and supports bit interleaving. The reliability of the proposed cell is further analysed for local, global and temperature variation. While, the area footprint for the cell is 24.91 μm2.
Optical and γ-ray absorption characteristics of Yb2O3-doped borate based glasses: a step towards understanding the substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 in the lead borate glass system
Authors: Mahmoud K G , Sayyed M I , Abouhaswa A S
Published: October 2023

The results of this study will help in the development of a novel glass composition containing Yb2O3 concentrations. The impacts of substitution of B2O3/Yb2O3 on the physical, optical, and radiation shielding properties for the B2O3-PbF2-CaO-Li2O glass system were investigated. The glass system was fabricated under melting and annealing temperatures of 1050 °C and 400 °C using the melting quenching method. The density of the fabricated samples ranged between 4.33 g cm−3 to 4.60 g cm−3 with enrichment of the Yb3+ content between 0–8.21 wt%, respectively. Moreover, the enrichment of the Yb3+ ions shows an enhancement in the optical properties of the fabricated glasses where the direct energy band gap enhanced between 4.192 and 4.188 eV and the Urbach energy raised from 0.52 to 0.59 eV with raising the Yb3+ concentrations. The Yb3+ incrementation shows an enhancement in the γ- ray shielding properties where the linear attenuation coefficient was raised by factors of 15%, 6%, and 5% at γ-ray energies of 0.015 MeV, 0.662 MeV, and 1.173 MeV, respectively. Due to the tiny Yb3+ concentration added to the fabricated glass system, the results showed a small increase in the linear attenuation coefficient values in the low γ-ray energy but no significant enhancement in the intermediate and high-ray energies.
Non-local tails in radiation in odd dimensions
Authors: Khlopunov M.
Published: October 2023

Huygens principle violation in a spacetime of odd dimensions leads to the fact that the retarded massless fields of localised sources depend on their history of motion preceding the retarded time. This non-local character of retarded fields should result into the formation of tail signals in the radiation of localised sources. In particular, in gravity theories with odd number of extra spacetime dimensions the gravitational radiation of binary systems should contain the tail terms. In this work, we demonstrate the presence of tail signal in radiation within a simple model of scalar field interacting with the point charge moving on elliptical orbit in three dimensions. We find that the tail term results into the characteristic dependence of radiation power of the charge on time. In particular, its extremum points do not correspond to the moments when the charge passes the pericenter and apocenter of the orbit, in contrast with the four-dimensional theory. We obtain the formulae for the shifts of radiation power extremum points up to the contributions quadratic in the orbital eccentricity. We also compute the spectral distribution of radiation power of the charge. We find that in three dimensions the charge on elliptical orbit radiates into the lower harmonics of the spectrum, compared to the four-dimensional theory. We conjecture that in higher dimensions the character of spectral distributions is opposite — the charge mainly radiates into the higher harmonics of the spectrum.
Decaying Dark Matter and Lyman-α forest constraints
Authors: Fuß Lea , Garny Mathias
Published: October 2023

Decaying Cold Dark Matter (DCDM) is a model that is currently under investigation
regarding primarily the S
8 tension between cosmic microwave background (CMB) and certain
large-scale structure measurements. The decay into one massive and one (or more) massless daughter
particle(s) leads to a suppression of the power spectrum in the late universe that depends on the
relative mass splitting ϵ = (1 - m
2/M
2)/2 between the mother and massive daughter particle
as well as the lifetime τ. In this work we investigate the impact of the BOSS DR14
one-dimensional Lyman-α forest flux power spectrum on the DCDM model using a conservative
effective model approach to account for astrophysical uncertainties. Since the suppression of the
power spectrum due to decay builds up at low redshift, we find that regions in parameter space
that address the S
8 tension can be well compatible with the Lyman-α
forest. Nevertheless, for values of the degeneracy parameter ϵ ∼ 0.1-0.5%, for which
the power suppression occurs within the scales probed by BOSS Lyman-α data, we find
improved constraints compared to previous CMB and galaxy clustering analyses, obtaining
τ ≳ 18 Gyrs for small mass splitting. Furthermore, our analysis of the BOSS
Lyman-α flux power spectrum allows for values τ ∼ 102 Gyrs, ϵ ∼ 1%,
that have been found to be preferred by a combination of Planck and galaxy clustering data with a
KiDS prior on S
8, and we even find a hint for a marginal preference within this regime.
Crosstalk characteristics of orbital angular momentum of focused perfect vortex beam in atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Wei H , Du Q , Shi C , Xue X , Cai D
Published: October 2023

The perfect optical vortex beam (POV) is a special kind of vortex beam, whose radius is independent of its orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode, but the atmospheric turbulence (AT) causes crosstalk between different topological charges, which is a serious challenge in OAM-based communication system. We establish a theoretical model with a turbulence suppression effect for deriving the spiral spectrum of a focused perfect optical vortex beam (FPOV) after propagation through anisotropic AT. Through numerical analysis, we simulate the behavior of FPOV under different turbulence and beam parameters to better understand the effect of the received probability and its corresponding modal crosstalk under various conditions. In addition, the simulation of AT uses the multi-phase screen method to verify the theoretical results. The results show that the changes in topological charge, wavelength, receiving aperture, beam waist, and hollow radius all have an influence on the received probability. Also, some strategies for selecting turbulence parameters to reduce modal crosstalk in anisotropic AT are also discussed. The focus would reduce the effect of turbulent aberrations on the signal OAM mode received probability, and the FPOV provided better performance than the POV, which may be useful in OAM-based free space optical communication.
A new Machine Learning-based method for identification of time-correlated events at tagged photon facilities
Authors: Sokhoyan V. , Mornacchi E.
Published: October 2023

We present a new Machine Learning-based multivariate
analysis method for the selection of time-correlated hits in the
tagging system and devices used to detect particles in the final
state at the bremsstrahlung-based tagged photon facilities. This
method can be applied instead of the widely used sampling and
subtraction of the time-uncorrelated background, in particular at
experiments aiming for high precision, where the subtraction of the
time-uncorrelated background leads to increased
uncertainties. Moreover, the identification of events with Machine
Learning algorithms allows to preserve the information about
correlations of kinematic variables in the final state, which can be
advantageous for further phenomenological analyses of the
experimental results.
Numerical comparative study on seismic response of half-span and full-span scaled models of a floating type cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Yadi S , Suhendro B , Priyosulistyo H , Aminullah A
Published: October 2023

This study compares the results of numerical simulations of half-span and full-span cable-stayed bridge models based on the seismic response of the pylons and main girders subjected to earthquake loads. The half-span model represents the most critical condition of the bridge during the construction phase, while the full-span model represents the bridge in operational phase. The three-dimensional finite-element modeling of the two bridge models uses data from the longest existing cable-stayed bridge in Indonesia which was scaled down geometrically to 1/160, using Midas CIVIL software. The Kobe earthquake record from the PEER Strong Motion Database was used in this study by applying the spectral matching method to modify its acceleration according to the location of the existing bridge being analyzed. This study also examines the influence of the directional effects of earthquake load relative to the longitudinal axis of the bridge, namely 0, 45, and 90 degrees. The results of the analysis show that for the half-span bridge model, the maximum acceleration occurs at the top of the pylon due to earthquake excitation at 90 degrees direction, with an amplification factor of 4.658, while the amplification factor in full-span bridge conditions is only 2.44. In addition, in both the half-span and full-span bridge models, the largest acceleration amplification factor occurs in the main girder that is caused by earthquake excitation at 90 degrees direction. The largest transverse displacement occurs at the free ends of the main girder, but not in the full-span model. The results of the study indicate that during the detailed design process the designer has to consider the effect of earthquake on the strength and stability of the bridge during construction especially if the balanced cantilever method applies.
Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Index in the Educational Infrastructure Reconstruction Project at the University of Tadulako, Palu City, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Pasin H R , Ismanti S
Published: October 2023

On September 28, 2018, The Palu-Koro fault triggered an earthquake of Mw
7.5. at a depth of 20 km and 72 km northeast of Palu City. As a result, the University of Tadulako suffered significant damage post this earthquake. The Ministry of Public Works and Housing was assigned to reconstruct this location, which was located near the epicentre, and there are alluvium deposits of the Holocene age with loose sand soil and shallow groundwater levels on-site. Based on the Indonesian Seismic Code SNI 1726:2019, it is necessary to propose liquefaction potential and mitigation for building planning. The study aims to calculate the Safety Factor (S.F.) against liquefaction using a simplified procedure by Seed-Idriss and developed methods by Idriss-Boulanger. The S.F. was used as an input to determine the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) by Iwasaki et al. The study showed different categories of LPI values. The highest LPI value was found at BH-05, with a very high liquefaction potential. The soil depths susceptible to liquefaction are up to 9 meters. Application of deep foundation penetrating liquefiable soil layer is recommended as the mitigation. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the deep foundation analysis to be applied to this location.
The Stability of Sidoarjo Mud Volcano Embankment Induced By The Excess Pore Water And Mud Pressure Based On Numerical Simulation
Authors: Ruus K , Rifa’i A , Adi A D
Published: October 2023

Sidoarjo mud volcano is a geology phenomenon which is the worst in terms of disaster to the people and environment. This is partly due to the overpressure at depth and as well as the cracks and fracture existence. Furthermore, the overpressurization impacts the increasing of pore water pressure and causing the reduction of effective stress. The complexity of the subsurface’s physical condition causes the instability of the embankment. This paper presents the evaluation of the stability of the embankment under the ideal and the presence of subsurface pressure conditions. The numerical simulation using Plaxis 2D has been conducted to determine the change of pore water pressure due to subsurface pressure and the safety factor of an embankment. The results show the subsurface pressure impact the increasing of pore water pressure around 208 kPa consequently. It reduces the safety factor around 4-30% from the ideal condition. The safety factor of embankment in the existing condition is still less than the minimum requirement which is 1,5 in both modeling conditions. The embankment collapse was caused by the landslide that leads upstream of the embankment as the effect of the tendency of upstream side landslides that is greater than the downstream side.
Ground Motion and Liquefaction Study at Opak River Estuary Bantul
Authors: Zakariya A , Rifa’i A , Ismanti S
Published: October 2023

In Mei 2006, an earthquake occurred, and liquefaction was induced in Bantul Regency in the form of lateral spreading and sand boiling. Based on Indonesia’s liquefaction susceptibility zone map 2019, the Bantul coast was identified as a high liquefaction hazard zone. There is a high risk of liquefaction in that location, and if liquefaction occurs, the effective stresses of the soil will be lost. This study aimed to determine ground motion-induced liquefaction potential in Opak river estuary in Bantul. The peak ground acceleration can be predicted by probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) based on Indonesian spectra design application, deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA) based on the mechanism of a recent earthquake in Bantul, and non-linear earthquake site response analysis (NERA) based on the 2004 Parkfield California earthquake, the 1986 Chalfant Valley California earthquake, and the 1987 Superstition Hill California earthquake. The value of acceleration from site-specific responses with DSHA and NERA is 0.558 g. Then, the maximum acceleration, seismic magnitude, N-SPT bore log soil, and other soil parameters are analyzed with a semi-empirical simplified method to estimate the safety factor of liquefaction potential using Settle3. The liquefaction safety factor was calculated by dividing the cyclic resistance ratio by the cyclic stress ratio; liquefaction occurs if the safety factor is less than 1. The result indicates that the Opak river estuary has a liquefaction potential beneath the surface from -1.5 to -16.5 m depth with various thick each boreholes. It implies that the bearing capacity design of the foundation system in this area and the liquefaction effect that will emerge when an earthquake occurs must be appropriately considered.
Response Spectrum Design Based on Site Class and Site-Specific Analysis in the Transition Zone
Authors: Dwiyantoro W , Fathani T F , Adi A D
Published: October 2023

The building structure design needs to pay attention to the seismic code and all its consequences. Building A which will be built in Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta is 12.20 km from the Opak Fault causing the Bantul Earthquake of Mw 6.3 in 2006, needs seismic analysis properly using SNI 1726:2019. Based on the site near fault criteria on seismic code, Building A does not belong to the site near fault category, so it used the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis method. However, considering its distance and magnitude, the value is in the range of the requirements limit. Hence, it is still relevant when compared to the Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis method for designing the response spectrum. Based on the site classification in the seismic code, a site that is vulnerable to liquefaction belongs to the site class F and therefore requires site-specific analysis. The site-specific surface response spectrum is taken from the equivalent-linear and non-linear site response analysis using Deepsoil v7.0 software. The response spectrum is also calculated based on site class according to the shear wave velocity (v
s) and N-SPT criteria. The site-specific spectral acceleration results are compared to 80% of the site class E spectral acceleration, as required. The site belongs to site class D using v
s criteria and belongs to site class E using the N-SPT criteria. Only the equivalent-linear site response spectrum in the modified maximum horizontal direction spectrum is eligible when compared to requirements. Most of the non-linear site response spectrum results or the geometric mean response spectrum of the equivalent-linear site response results can satisfy the requirements compared to 80% of the site class D spectral acceleration because the site response analysis uses the v
s parameter. The non-linear site response spectral acceleration is smaller than the equivalent-linear site response spectral acceleration.
Design analysis of a multi-port 8-shaped inductor for RF applications
Authors: Somraj Keerthi , Kumar P Akhendra
Published: October 2023

Portable wireless devices with a high-frequency range should also function with low voltage, providing low power dissipation and noise. Design engineers cannot successfully meet the above design objectives without using RF inductors. Since integrated inductors are an essential part of RF circuits, these devices are highlighted because of their enormous size in the circuit layout and unsettling radiations. As a result, there is a solid motivation to design, optimize, and model inductors made on Si substrates. This article presents the design of a multi-path multi-port 8-shaped inductor with dimensions of 150 × 150 μm, simulated using Cadence EMX simulator to analyze its Q-factor and inductance. The analysis provided that the simulated inductance has the highest value of 12.2 nH, which is the maximum value across all the conclusions of this research. Another significant discovery was that this Inductor is suitable for up to 45 GHz. To achieve an improved frequency of operation for the multi-path, multi-port 8-shaped Inductor, an analysis of the Inductor’s topology is conducted, focusing on enhancing the loop widths of metal layers and optimizing spacing between the metal tracks.
High-dimensional multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization for quantum control
Authors: Lazin Marjuka F , Shelton Christian R , Sandhofer Simon N , Wong Bryan M
Published: October 2023

We present the first multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization (BO) approach for solving inverse problems in the quantum control of prototypical quantum systems. Our approach automatically constructs time-dependent control fields that enable transitions between initial and desired final quantum states. Most importantly, our BO approach gives impressive performance in constructing time-dependent control fields, even for cases that are difficult to converge with existing gradient-based approaches. We provide detailed descriptions of our machine learning methods as well as performance metrics for a variety of machine learning algorithms. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BO is a promising approach to efficiently and autonomously design control fields in general quantum dynamical systems.
The Big Lie: discursive risk analysis and wildland firefighter safety in the Western United States
Authors: Durbin Trevor J , Bendixsen Casper G , Neely Amber A , Strauss Sarah
Published: October 2023

While increased length and intensity of wildfire seasons in many places have led to more concern about wildland firefighter safety, we believe ethnography has been underutilized as a method within this domain. In response, we begin building a shared idiom for ethnographic engagement with wildland firefighter safety and similar occupations. We draw on ethnographic approaches to late industrialism to develop a method called discursive risk analysis (DRA) as an initial stage in a broader collaborative and generative research practice. By collaborative, we mean cooperation among stakeholder, disciplinary, professional, and other groups. We use DRA to analyse ethnographic data and documentary sources relevant to discussions of ‘the Big Lie’ among firefighters and agency leadership. The Big Lie is a term that both firefighters and agency leaders used to suggest that wildland firefighters are being harmed by agency discourse that says firefighters will be kept safe despite the unavoidable danger of the job. It is important to the Big Lie discussion that this harm is conceptualized by firefighters as discursively driven, necessitating a research method attentive to discourse. Discursive Risk Analysis of the Big Lie discussion suggests two discursive gaps that may result in two discursive risks. The first gap, found in agency discourse, is that ‘everyone knows the job is dangerous’ but ‘zero fatalities is a reasonable goal.’ This gap is associated with a discursive risk, a possible decrease in trust among wildland firefighters in agency leadership. The second gap, observed in firefighter discourse, is that ‘the job is dangerous’ but ‘no one will get hurt today.’ This gap is associated with another discursive risk, the possibility of decreased situational awareness. Finally, we clarify each of these gaps and risks through two anthropological concepts (the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis and the public secret) that can bring new perspectives to discussions about institutional cultures of health and safety.
A practical assembly guideline for genomes with various levels of heterozygosity
Authors: Mochizuki Takako , Sakamoto Mika , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Nakayama Takuro , Tanifuji Goro , Kamikawa Ryoma , Nakamura Yasukazu
Published: October 2023

Although current long-read sequencing technologies have a long-read length that facilitates assembly for genome reconstruction, they have high sequence errors. While various assemblers with different perspectives have been developed, no systematic evaluation of assemblers with long reads for diploid genomes with varying heterozygosity has been performed. Here, we evaluated a series of processes, including the estimation of genome characteristics such as genome size and heterozygosity, de novo assembly, polishing, and removal of allelic contigs, using six genomes with various heterozygosity levels. We evaluated five long-read-only assemblers (Canu, Flye, miniasm, NextDenovo and Redbean) and five hybrid assemblers that combine short and long reads (HASLR, MaSuRCA, Platanus-allee, SPAdes and WENGAN) and proposed a concrete guideline for the construction of haplotype representation according to the degree of heterozygosity, followed by polishing and purging haplotigs, using stable and high-performance assemblers: Redbean, Flye and MaSuRCA.
Interpretable modeling of time-resolved single-cell gene–protein expression with CrossmodalNet
Authors: Yang Yongjian , Lin Yu-Te , Li Guanxun , Zhong Yan , Xu Qian , Cai James J
Published: October 2023

Cell-surface proteins play a critical role in cell function and are primary targets for therapeutics. CITE-seq is a single-cell technique that enables simultaneous measurement of gene and surface protein expression. It is powerful but costly and technically challenging. Computational methods have been developed to predict surface protein expression using gene expression information such as from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Existing methods however are computationally demanding and lack the interpretability to reveal underlying biological processes. We propose CrossmodalNet, an interpretable machine learning model, to predict surface protein expression from scRNA-seq data. Our model with a customized adaptive loss accurately predicts surface protein abundances. When samples from multiple time points are given, our model encodes temporal information into an easy-to-interpret time embedding to make prediction in a time-point-specific manner, and is able to uncover noise-free causal gene–protein relationships. Using three publicly available time-resolved CITE-seq data sets, we validate the performance of our model by comparing it with benchmarking methods and evaluate its interpretability. Together, we show that our method accurately and interpretably profiles surface protein expression using scRNA-seq data, thereby expanding the capacity of CITE-seq experiments for investigating molecular mechanisms involving surface proteins.
The state of play in invasive species policy: Insights from invasive species laws and regulations in 21 US states
Authors: Reed Emily M X , Cathey Sara , Braswell Cameron , Agarwal Prashasti , Barney Jacob N , Brown Bryan L , Heminger Ariel , Kianmehr Ayda , Salom Scott , Schenk Todd , Sharma Gourav , Haak David C
Published: October 2023

Despite knowing the threats posed by biological invasions, governments struggle to effectively prevent and control invasive species. To mitigate the negative impacts of invasive species, a coordinated response, grounded in the best available science and attentive to the dynamics of policymaking, is critical. To evaluate patterns in state policies, we conducted a comprehensive survey of invasion-related laws and regulations in 21 eastern US states. We identified 706 policy chapters and found that most were enacted after 1970. The policies on terrestrial invasions outnumbered those for aquatic habitats, although the states farther east generally had a higher proportion of aquatic policies. Across all of the chapters, we identified 1200 unique species, 523 of which are listed as introduced or invasive. The state policies were inconsistent in which invasive species they name, especially for invertebrate taxa. Our conclusions indicate that effective, coordinated actions on invasives require improving communication, collaboration, and data sharing within and across domains.
Sustained OMA1-mediated integrated stress response is beneficial for spastic ataxia type 5
Authors: Franchino Camilla Aurora , Brughera Martina , Baderna Valentina , De Ritis Daniele , Rocco Alessandra , Seneca Sara , Regal Luc , Podini Paola , D’Antonio Maurizio , Toro Camilo , Quattrini Angelo , Scalais Emmanuel , Maltecca Francesca
Published: October 2023

AFG3L2 is a mitochondrial protease exerting protein quality control in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Heterozygous AFG3L2 mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 (SCA28) or dominant optic atrophy type 12 (DOA12), while biallelic AFG3L2 mutations result in the rare and severe spastic ataxia type 5 (SPAX5). The clinical spectrum of SPAX5 includes childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, dystonia and myoclonic epilepsy.

We previously reported that the absence or mutation of AFG3L2 leads to the accumulation of mitochondria-encoded proteins, causing the overactivation of the stress-sensitive protease OMA1, which over-processes OPA1, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation.

Recently, OMA1 has been identified as the pivotal player communicating mitochondrial stress to the cytosol via a pathway involving the inner mitochondrial membrane protein DELE1 and the cytosolic kinase HRI, thus eliciting the integrated stress response. In general, the integrated stress response reduces global protein synthesis and drives the expression of cytoprotective genes that allow cells to endure proteotoxic stress. However, the relevance of the OMA1-DELE1-HRI axis in vivo, and especially in a human CNS disease context, has been poorly documented thus far.

In this work, we demonstrated that mitochondrial proteotoxicity in the absence/mutation of AFG3L2 activates the OMA1-DELE1-HRI pathway eliciting the integrated stress response. We found enhanced OMA1-dependent processing of DELE1 upon depletion of AFG3L2. Also, in both skin fibroblasts from SPAX5 patients (including a novel case) and in the cerebellum of Afg3l2−/− mice we detected increased phosphorylation of the α-subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), increased levels of ATF4 and strong upregulation of its downstream targets (Chop, Chac1, Ppp1r15a and Ffg21). Silencing of DELE1 or HRI in SPAX5 fibroblasts (where OMA1 is overactivated at basal state) reduces eIF2α phosphorylation and affects cell growth. In agreement, pharmacological potentiation of integrated stress response via Sephin-1, a drug that selectively inhibits the stress-induced eIF2alpha phosphatase GADD34 (encoded by Ppp1r15a), improved cell growth of SPAX5 fibroblasts and cell survival and dendritic arborization ex vivo in primary Afg3l2−/− Purkinje neurons. Notably, Sephin-1 treatment in vivo extended the lifespan of Afg3l2−/− mice, improved Purkinje neuron morphology, mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory capacity.

These data indicate that activation of the OMA1-DELE1-HRI pathway is protective in the context of SPAX5. Pharmacological tuning of the integrated stress response may represent a future therapeutic strategy for SPAX5 and other cerebellar ataxias caused by impaired mitochondrial proteostasis.
Antisense oligonucleotides restore excitability, GABA signalling and sodium current density in a Dravet syndrome model
Authors: Yuan Yukun , Lopez-Santiago Luis , Denomme Nicholas , Chen Chunling , O'Malley Heather A , Hodges Samantha L , Ji Sophina , Han Zhou , Christiansen Anne , Isom Lori L
Published: October 2023

Dravet syndrome is an intractable developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by de novo variants in SCN1A resulting in haploinsufficiency of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. We showed previously that administration of the antisense oligonucleotide STK-001, also called ASO-22, generated using targeted augmentation of nuclear gene output technology to prevent inclusion of the nonsense-mediated decay, or poison, exon 20N in human SCN1A, increased productive Scn1a transcript and Nav1.1 expression and reduced the incidence of electrographic seizures and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Here, we investigated the mechanism of action of ASO-84, a surrogate for ASO-22 that also targets splicing of SCN1A exon 20N, in Scn1a+/− Dravet syndrome mouse brain.

Scn1a +/− Dravet syndrome and wild-type mice received a single intracerebroventricular injection of antisense oligonucleotide or vehicle at postnatal Day 2. We examined the electrophysiological properties of cortical pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons in brain slices at postnatal Days 21–25 and measured sodium currents in parvalbumin-positive interneurons acutely dissociated from postnatal Day 21–25 brain slices. We show that, in untreated Dravet syndrome mice, intrinsic cortical pyramidal neuron excitability was unchanged while cortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons showed biphasic excitability with initial hyperexcitability followed by hypoexcitability and depolarization block. Dravet syndrome parvalbumin-positive interneuron sodium current density was decreased compared to wild-type. GABAergic signalling to cortical pyramidal neurons was reduced in Dravet syndrome mice, suggesting decreased GABA release from interneurons. ASO-84 treatment restored action potential firing, sodium current density and GABAergic signalling in Dravet syndrome parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Our work suggests that interneuron excitability is selectively affected by ASO-84.

This new work provides critical insights into the mechanism of action of this antisense oligonucleotide and supports the potential of antisense oligonucleotide-mediated upregulation of Nav1.1 as a successful strategy to treat Dravet syndrome.
Role of insula and its subregions in progression from recent onset to chronic idiopathic tinnitus
Authors: Chen Qian , Lv Han , Wang Zhaodi , Li Xiaoshuai , Wang Xinghao , Huang Yuyou , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang
Published: October 2023

We determined the structural and functional alterations in the insula and its subregions in patients with idiopathic tinnitus in order to identify the neural changes involved in the progression from recent onset to chronic tinnitus. We recruited 24 recent-onset tinnitus patients, 32 chronic tinnitus patients and 36 healthy controls. We measured the grey matter volume and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation of the insula and its subregions and the functional connectivity within the insula and between the insula and the rest of the brain. Relationships between MRI and clinical characteristics were estimated using partial correlation analysis. Both recent-onset and chronic tinnitus patients showed decreased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the insula and its subregions, but only chronic tinnitus patients showed bilateral grey matter atrophy in the ventral anterior insula. Abnormal functional connectivity was detected in recent-onset and chronic tinnitus patients relative to the healthy controls, but functional connectivity differences between recent-onset and chronic tinnitus patients were found in only the auditory-related cortex, frontal cortex and limbic system. Functional alterations (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity of the left ventral anterior insula), but not structural changes, were correlated with clinical severity. Bilateral grey matter atrophy in the ventral anterior insula decreased regional activities in the left ventral anterior insula and left posterior insula, and abnormal functional connectivity of the insula subregions with auditory and non-auditory areas were implicated in the progression from recent onset to chronic tinnitus. This suggests that tinnitus generation and development occur in a dynamic manner and involve aberrant multi-structural and functional (regional brain activity and abnormal functional connectivity) reorganization of the insula.
A case of refractory generalized pustular psoriasis treated with upadacitinib
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Yan Xiaoxiao , Zang Xiao , Yang Qing
Published: October 2023

Here we report a case of upadacitinib in the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis complicated with psoriatic arthritis. We chose upadacitinib after the use of acitretin did not work well, and achieved a tremendous therapeutic effect. Upadacitinib not only relieved the joint symptoms and fever, but also played a good role in the regression of pustules. At present, there are no successful cases of Janus kinase inhibitor use in the treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis.