bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educators’ perspectives about how older hospital patients can engage in a falls prevention education programme: a qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Hill Anne-Marie , McPhail Steven M , Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Waldron Nicholas , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Flicker Leon , Ingram Katharine , Haines Terry P
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Falls are the most frequent adverse event reported in hospitals. Patient and staff education delivered by trained educators significantly reduced falls and injurious falls in an older rehabilitation population. The purpose of the study was to explore the educators’ perspectives of delivering the education and to conceptualise how the programme worked to prevent falls among older patients who received the education.

Design

A qualitative exploratory study.

Methods

Data were gathered from three sources: conducting a focus group and an interview (n=10 educators), written educator notes and reflective researcher field notes based on interactions with the educators during the primary study. The educators delivered the programme on eight rehabilitation wards for periods of between 10 and 40 weeks. They provided older patients with individualised education to engage in falls prevention and provided staff with education to support patient actions. Data were thematically analysed and presented using a conceptual framework.

Results

Falls prevention education led to mutual understanding between staff and patients which assisted patients to engage in falls prevention behaviours. Mutual understanding was derived from the following observations: the educators perceived that they could facilitate an effective three-way interaction between staff actions, patient actions and the ward environment which led to behaviour change on the wards. This included engaging with staff and patients, and assisting them to reconcile differing perspectives about falls prevention behaviours.

Conclusions

Individualised falls prevention education effectively provides patients who receive it with the capability and motivation to develop and undertake behavioural strategies that reduce their falls, if supported by staff and the ward environment.
Ghrelin, GLP-1, and leptin responses during exposure to moderate hypoxia
Authors: Morishima Takuma , Goto Kazushige
Published: December 2015

Severe hypoxia has been indicated to cause acute changes in appetite-related hormones, which attenuate perceived appetite. However, the effects of moderate hypoxia on appetite-related hormonal regulation and perceived appetite have not been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the effects of moderate hypoxia on appetite-related hormonal regulation and perceived appetite. Eight healthy males (21.0 ± 0.6 years; 173 ± 2.3 cm; 70.6 ± 5.0 kg; 23.4 ± 1.1 kg/m2) completed two experimental trials on separate days: a rest trial in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%) and a rest trial in hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.0%). The experimental trials were performed over 7 h in an environmental chamber. Blood samples and scores of subjective appetite were collected over 7 h. Standard meals were provided 1 h (745 kcal) and 4 h (731 kcal) after initiating exposure to hypoxia or normoxia within the chamber. Although each meal significantly reduced plasma active ghrelin concentrations (P < 0.05), the response did not differ significantly between the trials over 7 h. No significant differences in the area under the curves for plasma active ghrelin concentrations over 7 h were observed between the two trials. No significant differences were observed in glucagon-like peptide 1 or leptin concentrations over 7 h between the trials. The subjective feeling of hunger and fullness acutely changed in response to meal ingestions. However, these responses were not affected by exposure to moderate hypoxia. In conclusion, 7 h of exposure to moderate hypoxia did not change appetite-related hormonal responses or perceived appetite in healthy males.
Yang–Mills gauge theory and Higgs particle
Authors: Wu Tai Tsun , Wu Sau Lan
Published: December 2015

Motivated by the experimental data on the Higgs particle from the ATLAS Collaboration and the CMS Collaboration at CERN, the standard model, which is a Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge theory with the group [Formula: see text], is augmented by scalar quarks and scalar leptons without changing the gauge group and without any additional Higgs particle. Thus there is fermion–boson symmetry between these new particles and the known quarks and leptons. In a simplest scenario, the cancellation of the quadratic divergences in this augmented standard model leads to a determination of the masses of all these scalar quarks and scalar leptons. All these masses are found to be less than 100 GeV/c2, and the right-handed scalar neutrinos are especially light. Alterative procedures are given with less reliance on the experimental data, leading to the same conclusions.
Discovery of the first Yang–Mills gauge particle — The gluon
Authors: Wu Sau Lan
Published: December 2015

This article “Discovery of the First Yang–Mills Gauge Particle — The Gluon” is dedicated to Professor Chen Ning Yang. The Gluon is the first Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge particle discovered experimentally. The Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge field theory was proposed by Yang and Mills in 1954, sixty years ago.

The experimental discovery of the first Yang–Mills non-Abelian gauge particle — the gluon — in the spring of 1979 is summarized, together with some of the subsequent developments, including the role of the gluon in the recent discovery of the Higgs particle.
Susceptibilities and critical exponents within the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
Authors: Du Yi-Lun , Lu Ya , Xu Shu-Sheng , Cui Zhu-Fang , Shi Chao , Zong Hong-Shi
Published: December 2015

In the mean field approximation of (2 + 1)-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, we strictly derive several sets of coupled equations for the chiral susceptibility, the quark number susceptibility, etc. at finite temperature and quark chemical potential. The critical exponents of these susceptibilities in the vicinity of the QCD critical end point (CEP) are presented in SU(2) and SU(3) cases, respectively. It is found that these various susceptibilities share almost the same critical behavior near the CEP. The comparisons between the critical exponents for the order parameters and the theoretical predictions are also included.
Phase transitions for SU(N) gauge theories with arbitrary number of flavors
Authors: Jora Renata
Published: December 2015

We study the phase diagram of an [Formula: see text] gauge theory in terms of the number of colors [Formula: see text] and flavors [Formula: see text] with emphasis on the confinement and chiral symmetry breaking phases. We argue that as opposed to SUSY QCD there is a small region in the [Formula: see text] plane where the theory has the chiral symmetry broken but it is unconfined. The possibility of a new phase with strong confinement and chiral symmetry breaking is suggested.
Kähler potential braneworld inflation in supergravity after Planck 2015
Authors: Ferricha-Alami M. , Safsafi A. , Bouaouda A. , Zarrouki R. , Bennai M.
Published: December 2015

We analyze the slow-roll mechanism in Randall–Sundrum II braneworld with a supersymmetric hybrid inflation model. We are interested in studying various inflationary spectrum perturbation parameters in two cases. The first is the minimal Kähler potential where the inflationary parameters depend on the number of [Formula: see text]-foldings [Formula: see text] as well as the brane tension [Formula: see text], such that we produce the central value of the spectral index [Formula: see text]. The second case concerns the nonminimal Kähler potential, where the inflationary parameters depend only on the brane tension. Also, the [Formula: see text]-problem is solved for natural coupling parameter values which is not realized in the standard case. In addition, for a suitable choice of brane tension value [Formula: see text], the perturbation spectrum is widely consistent with Planck data.
Reactive transport modelling of compacting siliciclastic sediment diagenesis
Authors: Geloni C. , Ortenzi A. , Consonni A.
Published: December 2015

A reactive transport model (RTM) is used to simulate the diagenetic evolution of a siliciclastic reservoir with a known burial and thermal history. The diagenetic phenomena occurring in two temperature regimes are simulated: kaolinite/chlorite formation at low/medium temperatures by means of isothermal zero-dimensional (0D) flush models, and smectite illitization and quartz precipitation at high temperatures by means of 0D and 1D non-isothermal models.

Zero-dimensional models show that at 30°C kaolinite forms only in freshwater from K-feldspar and quartz. In river or seawater, muscovite is stable instead of kaolinite. Calcite formation depends on pH and total inorganic carbon. At 50°C, seawater promotes Mg-chlorite formation from mica alterations. At 70–110°C, evaporated seawater favours smectite–illite transformation and quartz precipitation.

The non-isothermal 1D models are used to simulate the diagenesis of a compacting clay expelling fluid into an underlying sandstone.

An sensitivity analysis of the clays’ thermodynamic and kinetic parameters is carried out to assess the possibility of modelling the transformation of smectite into illite in the clay, with the concomitant formation of a quartz cement in the adjacent sandstone. The results of the numerical simulations point out that the extent of the smectite–illite conversion and quartz precipitation is dependent primarily on the availability of potassium: temperature, however, does not seem to play a major role.
Conditional (intestinal-specific) knockout of the riboflavin transporter-3 (RFVT-3) impairs riboflavin absorption
Authors: Subramanian Veedamali S. , Lambrecht Nils , Lytle Christian , Said Hamid M.
Published: December 2015

Riboflavin (RF) is indispensable for normal cell metabolism, proliferation, and growth. The RFVT-3 protein (product of the Slc52a3 gene) is expressed in the gut with the expression being restricted to the apical membrane domain of the polarized intestinal epithelial cells. The relative contribution of RFVT-3 to total carrier-mediated RF uptake in the native intestine, however, is not clear. We addressed this issue in the current investigation using a conditional (intestinal-specific) RFVT-3 knockout (cKO) mouse model developed by the Cre/Lox approach. All RFVT-3 cKO mice were found to be RF deficient and showed a significant growth and development retardation; also, nearly two-thirds of them died prematurely between the age of 6 and 12 wk. In vivo (intestinal and colonic loops) and in vitro (native isolated intestinal epithelial cells) uptake studies showed a severe inhibition in carrier-mediated RF uptake in the cKO mice compared with control littermates. We also observed a significant increase in the level of expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes in the intestine of the cKO mice compared with control littermates. Supplementation of the RFVT-3 cKO mice with pharmacological doses of RF led to a complete correction of the growth retardation and to normalization in the level of expression of the oxidative stress-responsive genes in the gut. These results show, for the first time, that the RFVT-3 system is the main transporter involved in carrier-mediated RF uptake in the native mouse small and large intestine, and that its dysfunction impairs normal RF body homeostasis.
Suramin protects from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Dupre Tess V. , Doll Mark A. , Shah Parag P. , Sharp Cierra N. , Kiefer Alex , Scherzer Michael T. , Saurabh Kumar , Saforo Doug , Siow Deanna , Casson Lavona , Arteel Gavin E. , Jenson Alfred Bennett , Megyesi Judit , Schnellmann Rick G. , Beverly Levi J. , Siskind Leah J.
Published: December 2015

Cisplatin, a commonly used cancer chemotherapeutic, has a dose-limiting side effect of nephrotoxicity. Approximately 30% of patients administered cisplatin suffer from kidney injury, and there are limited treatment options for the treatment of cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin, which is Federal Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis, improves kidney function after various forms of kidney injury in rodent models. We hypothesized that suramin would attenuate cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Suramin treatment before cisplatin administration reduced cisplatin-induced decreases in kidney function and injury. Furthermore, suramin attenuated cisplatin-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in the kidney cortex. Treatment of mice with suramin 24 h after cisplatin also improved kidney function, suggesting that the mechanism of protection is not by inhibition of tubular cisplatin uptake or its metabolism to nephrotoxic species. If suramin is to be used in the context of cancer, then it cannot prevent cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Suramin did not alter the dose-response curve of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, suramin pretreatment of mice harboring lung adenocarcinomas did not alter the initial cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (DNA damage and apoptosis) on tumor cells. These results provide evidence that suramin has potential as a renoprotective agent for the treatment/prevention of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and justify future long-term preclinical studies using cotreatment of suramin and cisplatin in mouse models of cancer.
Delayed treatment with PTBA analogs reduces postinjury renal fibrosis after kidney injury
Authors: Skrypnyk Nataliya I. , Sanker Subramaniam , Skvarca Lauren Brilli , Novitskaya Tatiana , Woods Clara , Chiba Takuto , Patel Kevin , Goldberg Natasha D. , McDermott Lee , Vinson Paige N. , Calcutt M. Wade , Huryn Donna M. , Vernetti Lawrence A. , Vogt Andreas , Hukriede Neil A. , de Caestecker Mark P.
Published: December 2015

No therapies have been shown to accelerate recovery or prevent fibrosis after acute kidney injury (AKI). In part, this is because most therapeutic candidates have to be given at the time of injury and the diagnosis of AKI is usually made too late for drugs to be efficacious. Strategies to enhance post-AKI repair represent an attractive approach to address this. Using a phenotypic screen in zebrafish, we identified 4-(phenylthio)butanoic acid (PTBA), which promotes proliferation of embryonic kidney progenitor cells (EKPCs), and the PTBA methyl ester UPHD25, which also increases postinjury repair in ischemia-reperfusion and aristolochic acid-induced AKI in mice. In these studies, a new panel of PTBA analogs was evaluated. Initial screening was performed in zebrafish EKPC assays followed by survival assays in a gentamicin-induced AKI larvae zebrafish model. Using this approach, we identified UPHD186, which in contrast to UPHD25, accelerates recovery and reduces fibrosis when administered several days after ischemia-reperfusion AKI and reduces fibrosis after unilateral ureteric obstruction in mice. UPHD25 and 186 are efficiently metabolized to the active analog PTBA in liver and kidney microsome assays, indicating both compounds may act as PTBA prodrugs in vivo. UPHD186 persists longer in the circulation than UPHD25, suggesting that sustained levels of UPHD186 may increase efficacy by acting as a reservoir for renal metabolism to PTBA. These findings validate use of zebrafish EKPC and AKI assays as a drug discovery strategy for molecules that reduce fibrosis in multiple AKI models and can be administered days after initiation of injury.
Mutagenic Potential ofBos taurusPapillomavirus Type 1 E6 Recombinant Protein: First Description
Authors: Araldi Rodrigo Pinheiro , Mazzuchelli-de-Souza Jacqueline , Modolo Diego Grando , Souza Edislane Barreiros de , Melo Thatiana Corrêa de , Spadacci-Morena Diva Denelle , Magnelli Roberta Fiusa , Carvalho Márcio Augusto Caldas Rocha de , de Sá Júnior Paulo Luis , Carvalho Rodrigo Franco de , Beçak Willy , Stocco Rita de Cassia
Published: December 2015

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is considered a useful model to study HPV oncogenic process. BPV interacts with the host chromatin, resulting in DNA damage, which is attributed to E5, E6, and E7 viral oncoproteins activity. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of BPV E6 oncoproteinper seremain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic potential ofBos tauruspapillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E6 recombinant oncoprotein by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMNA) and comet assay (CA). Peripheral blood samples of five calves were collected. Samples were subjected to molecular diagnosis, which did not reveal presence of BPV sequences. Samples were treated with 1 μg/mL of BPV-1 E6 oncoprotein and 50 μg/mL of cyclophosphamide (positive control). Negative controls were not submitted to any treatment. The samples were submitted to the CBMNA and CA. The results showed that BPV E6 oncoprotein induces clastogenesisper se, which is indicative of genomic instability. These results allowed better understanding the mechanism of cancer promotion associated with the BPV E6 oncoprotein and revealed that this oncoprotein can induce carcinogenesisper se. E6 recombinant oncoprotein has been suggested as a possible vaccine candidate. Results pointed out that BPV E6 recombinant oncoprotein modifications are required to use it as vaccine.
Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes
Authors: Stefanini Ana Carolina B. , da Cunha Bianca Rodrigues , Henrique Tiago , Tajara Eloiza H.
Published: December 2015

Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
Review of Bioptic Gleason Scores by Central Pathologist Modifies the Risk Classification in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Soga Norihito , Yatabe Yasushi , Kageyama Takumi , Ogura Yuji , Hayashi Norio
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The Gleason score (GS) is the primary classification of clinical risk in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we estimated the factors predictive of accordance of local and central pathologist-dependent GS and clinical risk classification in an increased number of cases. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 388 patients were diagnosed with PCa by 80 independent pathologists from local communities and were referred to our hospital. Validation of the GS with needle-core biopsy specimens was carried out by a single central pathologist, and clinical risk, according to the D'Amico risk classification, was determined. Discrepancies between the GS and risk classification, based on the GS estimated by the local or central pathologist, were reviewed, and predictive factors for accordance of clinical risk classification were estimated. Results: When pathological results were compared, 59.5% of cases were given concordant GSs by local and central pathologists. A significant discrepancy existed in the classification of intermediate risk (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that local pathologist-dependent GS7, lower prostate-specific antigen (≤10 ng/ml), and lower T stage (T1 or T2a) were significant predictive factors for discordance with the central pathologist-dependent risk classification. Conclusion: Review of bioptic GSs by central pathologists affected discrepancies in risk classification in patients with PCa.
The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Karimi P. , Farhangi M. Abbasalizad , Sarmadi B. , Gargari B.P. , Zare Javid A. , Pouraghaei M. , Dehghan P.
Published: December 2015

Aims: This trial aims to determine the effects of resistant starch (RS) subtype 2 (RS2) on glycemic status, metabolic endotoxemia and markers of oxidative stress. Methods: A randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial group of 56 females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was divided to 2 groups. The intervention group (n = 28) and control group (n = 28) received 10 g/day RS2 or placebo for 8 weeks, respectively. Fasting blood samples were taken to determine glycemic status, endotoxin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidant enzymes concentrations as well as uric acid at baseline and after the intervention. Results: After 8 weeks, RS2 caused a significant decrease in the levels of MDA (-34.10%), glycosylated hemoglobin (-9.40%), insulin (-29.36%), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (-32.85%) and endotoxin (-25.00%), a significant increase in TAC (18.10%) and glutathione peroxidase (11.60%) as compared with control. No significant changes were observed in fasting plasma glucose, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, hs-CRP, superoxide dismutase, catalase and uric acid in the RS2 group as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Supplementation with RS2 may be improved glycemic status, endotoxemia and markers of oxidative stress in patients with T2DM.
The Protective Role of Autophagy in Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts under Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: A New Insight into the Study of Reinke's Edema
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Fang Rui , Peterson Aaron , Jiang Jack J.
Published: December 2015

Background/Aims: Reinke's edema (RE), one of the most common benign lesions of the human vocal folds, has been associated with cigarette smoking. We have observed an abundant number of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in the lamina propria of human vocal folds under transmission electron microscopy in RE tissue. Thus, we conducted a study about autophagy induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure in cultured human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). Methods: Sampled tissues were cultured and exposed to varying levels of CSE. Immunochemistry staining and Western blot analyses were then performed on the cultures. Results: We demonstrated that CSE significantly promoted intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and reduced the viability of hVFFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the autophagy marker type II-membrane-associated light chain 3 in fibroblasts following 24 h of CSE exposure, indicating the upregulation of autophagy activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the induction of autophagy played a protective role in hVFFs exposed to CSE. Conclusion: Autophagy can be induced by CSE in hVFFs, and it is a protective response of hVFFs to the exposure of CSE. This study provides a new insight into the process involved in the development of RE.
Stepwise Excavation Allows Apexogenesis in Permanent Molars with Deep Carious Lesions and Incomplete Root Formation
Authors: Hernandéz-Gatón Patrícia , Serrano César Ruiz , Nelson Filho Paulo , De Castañeda Esther Ruiz , Lucisano Marília P. , Silva Raquel A.B. da , Silva Léa A.B. da
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the stepwise excavation technique in 138 permanent molars with deep carious lesions and incomplete root formation within a 24-month clinical and radiographic follow-up period. In 96.7% of the cases, success was observed (no pain, integrity of restoration margins, absence of radiographic alterations and apexogenesis). The cases of failure (3.3%) were due to the loss of the temporary restoration. In conclusion, the stepwise excavation is a promising technique for permanent teeth with deep carious lesions and incomplete root formation as a minimally invasive approach because it allows the preservation of pulp vitality and occurrence of apexogenesis.
Primary Hepatic Small-Cell Carcinoma Developed during Antiviral Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Suk Bae
Published: December 2015

Previously reported cases of primary hepatic small-cell carcinoma were all detected at progressed state with associated symptoms. Therefore, the natural course of primary hepatic small-cell carcinoma remains unknown. This case shows the natural course of primary hepatic small-cell carcinoma. We detected a 1.2 cm hypodense nodule 6 months ago in a patient with cirrhosis who had been taking entecavir. It was suspected to be a regenerating or degenerating nodule. Three months later, liver computed tomography (CT) revealed that the mass was increased to 2.1 cm with the same characteristics. The patient wanted to do a follow-up CT scan after 3 months instead of a biopsy. Another 3 months later, the mass was markedly increased, involving the whole left lobe and was confirmed as small-cell carcinoma on biopsy. Here, we report the first case of primary hepatic small-cell carcinoma developed during treatment for chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis.
Quantifying Neoliberalism
Authors: DePhillips Robert
Published: December 2015

This article examines the concept of neoliberalism and how it can be operationalized and measured cross-nationally. Theoretically I argue that much previous work has either been insufficiently critical of neoliberalism, oversimplified it, or conflated it with other apolitical social trends like globalization. Empirically I show that past research has captured certain parts of neoliberalism without capturing the phenomenon fully. Future research should focus on economic liberalism, industrial restructuring, employment precariousness, foreign dependence, free trade regimes, and social service privatization. It should also should expand on available data with greater coverage of cases and more precise indicators of neoliberalism along all of its dimensions.
Civilians and insurance: approximations of reality to the law
Authors: Rossi Guido
Published: December 2015

In the study of the history of insurance, much attention has been paid to early modern jurists. Their importance as a source for the study of the subject is, however, debatable. Early modern jurists were more interested in systematising insurance than in describing it for what it was. Their main effort lay in explaining this non-Roman contract in Roman law terms. To do so, something had to be sacrificed - reality.
Subsiciva Byzantina nova
Authors: Schminck Andreas
Published: December 2015

I Ἐπερώτησις – In his proem to the Eisagoge of the year 886 the patriarch of Constantinople Photios uses the word ‘eperotesis’, the Greek equivalent to the Latin terminus tech­nicus ‘stipulatio’. The author examines the application of the term in the text of the law book and establishes that Photios himself (or a collaborator on his behalf) introduced some chapters containing this word. They show that Photios didn’t understand the juristic meaning of the term. Also the chapters were not integrated in the Basilika and the Prochiron, because their sources couldn’t be traced in the Corpus iuris civilis. 

II Κεντουκλάδοι – Chapter 34.6 of the Eisagoge of the year 886 consists of a long extract from Justinian’s novel 115 (3,14), but there is an interpolation concerning the therein mentioned heretics. One of these five heterodox groups are the enigmatic ‘Kendouklades’. The author suggests that their real name was ‘Kentoukladoi’ (‘branches of centum [= hundred]’) and that the patriarch Photios invented this name in order to designate his enemies, the followers of the Roman Pope, alluding to the 100th and last heresy in John Damascene’s Treatise on heretics. 

III Εὐσεβεῖς πιστοὶ αὔγουστοι – In the Intitulatio of the Prochiron the three emperors Basil, Constantine and Leo bear among others the triumphal titles ‘eusebeis pistoi augoustoi’ (‘pious, devouts Augusti’). The use of the two synonyms ‘eusebeis’ and ‘pistoi” is noteworthy and a peculiarity of the later period of Leo VI’s reign (886–912). This fact is one of many indications for a dating of the Prochiron to the year 907 and not in the reign of Basil i (867–886).
utseus as a Successful Case of a Sino-French Approach to Engineering Education
Authors: Marin Cornelia , Tzen MonZen
Published: December 2015

It is the aim of the paper to reflect on the lessons learned after ten years of existence of the Sino-French School for Engineering at Shanghai University (utseus), as well as on perspectives for an evolution related to recent developments in the French Higher Education landscape. The authors present background, rationale, modalities and perspectives for this venture set up by three French universities of technology in China by drawing parallels with other well-established Sino-foreign operations. It is shown that the combination of transnational and international approaches allow for transferring and adapting a foreign education model on a large scale, but also for establishing reciprocal mobility of big student cohorts. The approach is based on an integrated foreign language learning and intercultural content. This successful experience also shows how universities play an integrative role for a country’s cultural and industrial relations at an international level.
The Formation of Small-Scale Atmospheric Vortices via Baroclinic Horizontal Shearing Instability
Authors: Buban Michael S. , Ziegler Conrad L.
Published: December 2015

This study presents a series of idealized simulations that attempt to replicate shear zones typical of drylines and other near-surface boundaries in the presence of horizontal virtual density gradients. The series of dry simulations are initialized to contain a north–south-oriented potential temperature gradient collocated with a constant-vorticity shear zone and employ north–south periodic boundary conditions. In all simulations, the shear zones frontogenetically collapse as wavelike perturbations develop that eventually roll up into discrete vortices. Convergence associated with the developing solenoidally forced secondary vertical circulation induces an accumulative shear zone contraction, which in turn increases the vertical vorticity of both the shear zone and the intensifying vortices, owing primarily to stretching that is partially offset by tilting of the vertical vorticity into the horizontal by the secondary circulation. The simulated vortices bear strong morphological resemblance to vortices reported in many earlier laboratory and numerical studies. To assess hypothesized baroclinic effects on the instability mechanism, the present results are compared to a previous study of barotropic horizontal shearing instability (HSI). Linear theory has been modified for the baroclinic cases by introducing a parametric model of frontal contraction, according to which the growth rate expressions incorporate model-prescribed, continuously varying shear zone widths. This modified parametric model is found to provide excellent agreement with the growth rates computed from the present simulations, suggesting that HSI can be extended to the baroclinic shear zone cases to a very good approximation over a range of near-surface boundary types.
Severe Weather Prediction Using Storm Surrogates from an Ensemble Forecasting System
Authors: Sobash Ryan A. , Schwartz Craig S. , Romine Glen S. , Fossell Kathryn R. , Weisman Morris L.
Published: December 2015

Probabilistic severe weather forecasts for days 1 and 2 were produced using 30-member convection-allowing ensemble forecasts initialized by an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system during a 32-day period coinciding with the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment. The forecasts were generated by smoothing the locations where model output indicated extreme values of updraft helicity, a surrogate for rotating thunderstorms in model output. The day 1 surrogate severe probability forecasts (SSPFs) produced skillful and reliable predictions of severe weather during this period, after an appropriate calibration of the smoothing kernel. The ensemble SSPFs exceeded the skill of SSPFs derived from two benchmark deterministic forecasts, with the largest differences occurring on the mesoscale, while all SSPFs produced similar forecasts on synoptic scales. While the deterministic SSPFs often overforecasted high probabilities, the ensemble improved the reliability of these probabilities, at the expense of producing fewer high-probability values. For the day 2 period, the SSPFs provided competitive guidance compared to the day 1 forecasts, although additional smoothing was needed to produce the same level of skill, reducing the forecast sharpness. Results were similar using 10 ensemble members, suggesting value exists when running a smaller ensemble if computational resources are limited. Finally, the SSPFs were compared to severe weather risk areas identified in Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlooks. The SSPF skill was comparable to the SPC outlook skill in identifying regions where severe weather would occur, although performance varied on a day-to-day basis.
Inequality and Punishment
Authors: Phelps Michelle S. , Pager Devah
Published: December 2015

After decades of steady expansion, state prison populations declined in recent years for the first time since 1972. Though the size of the decrease was small, it masks substantial state heterogeneity. This article investigates variation in state-level incarceration rates from 1980 through 2013, examining the factors associated with the rise and decline in prison populations. We find evidence for four key stories in explaining the prison decline: crime, budgets, politics, and inequality. Many of these relationships are consistent across decades, including the role of racial composition, violent crime, and Republican political dominance. In contrast, states’ fiscal capacity and economic inequality became more important after 2000. This research emphasizes the importance of examining changes over time in the correlates of incarceration growth and decline and represents the first effort to systematically understand the recent reversal in the trajectory of incarceration practices in the United States.
Money and Morale
Authors: Hout Michael
Published: December 2015

Dozens of past studies document how affluent people feel somewhat better about life than middle-class people feel and much better than poor people do. New analyses of the General Social Surveys from 1974 to 2012 address questions in the literature regarding aggregate responses to hard times, whether the income-class relationship is linear or not, and whether inequality affects happiness. General happiness dropped significantly during the Great Recession, suggesting that the income-happiness relationship might also exist at the macro level. People with extremely low incomes are not as unhappy as a linear model expects, but there is no evidence of a threshold beyond which personal happiness stops increasing. Comparing happiness over the long term, the affluent were about as happy in 2012 as they were in the 1970s, but the poor were much less happy. Consequently, the gross happiness gap by income was about 30 percent bigger in 2012 than it was in the 1970s. A multivariate model shows that the net effect of income on happiness also increased significantly over time.
Socioeconomic Standing and Variability in Marriage Timing in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Sweeney Megan M.
Published: December 2015

This research draws on extensive data from the General Social Survey (GSS) and the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to shed new light on change and variability in family life. I address two overarching questions. First, how did variability in marriage timing change over the course of the twentieth century? Second, did changes in the variability of marriage timing occur broadly across socioeconomic groups, or have they been limited to the top or bottom of the socioeconomic ladder? Because identifying consistent measures of socioeconomic standing over broad historical periods is not straightforward, and because one’s own socioeconomic standing may be in part flow from marriage decisions, I triangulate results using multiple measures of social standing. Although the magnitude and timing of changes in age of first marriage vary somewhat across social class, my results point to generally similar underlying trends across class groups. Social class variation in marriage patterns is well documented, yet explanations for the changing variability in marriage timing over the course of the twentieth century also needs to consider factors that could have affected all social class groups to some extent.
Acting Right or Acting White
Authors: Webb Patrick , Linn Christopher
Published: December 2015

Minority underachievement in certain settings (i.e., educational) may stem from stereotypical-based assumptions related to racial identity among members of minority groups. Previous studies have identified a phenomenon among minority groups referred to as the “acting White” accusation. The present study investigated the prevalence and perceptions of the phrase among college students at a historically Black university (HBU). The majority of students were familiar with the phrase and heard the phrase often within the past 6 months. Most students disagreed with the validity of the phrase, but believed it is attributed to speaking standard English rather than academic performance or preference in dress and music. Class standing was associated with responses to the phrase, suggesting the efficacy of educational matriculation as opposed to age. Policy implication and areas of further investigation are offered.
Effect of vapor grown carbon fiber content on microstructure and tensile properties of Ti64/TiC composite fabricated by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Pripanapong Patchara , Mimoto Takanori , Umeda Junko , Imai Hisashi , Kondoh Katsuyoshi
Published: December 2015

Ti-6%Al-4%V (Ti64) alloy powder coated with vapor grown carbon fibers was consolidated to fabricate titanium matrix composites by spark plasma sintering, followed by hot extrusion process. Four compositions of the additive vapor grown carbon fibers were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt. %. The microstructure was changed from the full lamellar of monolithic Ti64 alloy to the bimodal structure by addition of vapor grown carbon fibers to Ti64 alloy. The changing of microstructure was attributed by an α-stabilize effect of carbon (vapor grown carbon fiber). Almost all the vapor grown carbon fibers reacted with Ti and result in formation of Ti6C3.75 carbide phases detected by x-ray diffractometer and energy dispersive spectrometer. Hardness was improved by effect of solid solution strengthening of carbon in the Ti matrix and reached the maximum value of 495.8 Hv. 0.2%YS and UTS were significantly increased by addition of 0.1 wt. % vapor grown carbon fiber. However, they were not much improved when more vapor grown carbon fiber content was applied. Ductility of the sample was affected by a change in microstructure when 0.1 wt. % of vapor grown carbon fibers was added because the bimodal structure shows higher ductility compared to the full lamellar structure. The carbide precipitation in TMCs was not much contributed in improving of strength and decreased a ductility of material.
Beyond peace journalism
Authors: Tenenboim-Weinblatt Keren , Hanitzsch Thomas , Nagar Rotem
Published: December 2015

This article presents a general framework for deconstructing and classifying conflict news narratives. This framework, based on a nuanced and contextual approach to analyzing media representations of conflict actors and events, addresses some of the weaknesses of existing classification schemes, focusing in particular on the dualistic approach of the peace journalism model. Using quantitative content analysis, the proposed framework is then applied to the journalistic coverage in the Israeli media of three Middle-Eastern conflicts: the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the conflict surrounding Iran's nuclear program, and the Syrian civil war. The coverage is examined in three leading news outlets – Haaretz, Israel Hayom, and Ynet – over a six-month period. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis, the article identifies four characteristic types of narratives in the examined coverage. These include two journalistic narratives of violence: one inward-looking, ethnocentric narrative, and one outward-looking narrative focusing on outgroup actors and victims; and two political-diplomatic narratives: one interactional, and one outward-looking. In addition to highlighting different constellations of points of view and conflict measures in news stories, the identified clusters also challenge several assumptions underlying existing models, such as the postulated alignment between elite/official actors and violence frames
Eccentric Investigations of (Post-)Humanity
Authors: Honenberger Phillip
Published: December 2015

In 1928, a German zoologist and philosopher named Helmuth Plessner (1892-1985) published a book titled Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch: Einleitung in die philosophische Anthropologie. Almost a 100 years later, Jos de Mul has edited a collection of 26 new essays on Plessner’s text, titled Plessner’s Philosophical Anthropology: Perspectives and Prospects. The volume offers a variety of advanced discussions of its theme. In this review essay of de Mul’s collection, I provide a critical overview of the contents of the new volume and some speculations on the possible motives and future directions of the current “Plessner renaissance.”
Artificiality, Reactivity, and Demand Effects in Experimental Economics
Authors: Jimenez-Buedo Maria , Guala Francesco
Published: December 2015

A series of recent debates in experimental economics have associated demand effects with the artificiality of the experimental setting and have linked it to the problem of external validity. In this paper, we argue that these associations can be misleading, partly because of the ambiguity with which “artificiality” has been defined, but also because demand effects and external validity are related in complex ways. We argue that artificiality (understood as unfamiliarity of the experimental environment) may be directly as well as inversely correlated with demand effects. We also distinguish between the demand effects of experimentation and the reactions that they may trigger and that might endanger experimental validity. We conclude that economists should pay more attention to the way in which subjects construe the experimental task and learn to exploit subjects’ reactivity to expectations in their experiments
International education and training for clinical child and adolescent psychology
Authors: Roberts Michael C , Kanine Rebecca M , Amaro Christina M , Evans Spencer C , Blossom Jennifer B , Garcia Andrea M
Published: December 2015

Psychological problems in youth and adequate mental health service delivery to children, adolescents, and families are critical public health dilemmas around the world. Central to effectively addressing the mental health needs of youth and families is focusing attention on the evaluation and development of specialized training programs in clinical child and adolescent psychology. All countries to more or less degree face challenges, but lower-income countries have additional limitations (e.g., scarce resources for training, high demand for services, cultural barriers) to establishing clinical psychology programs and specialized services for children and adolescents. This article discusses the status of efforts in the United States to define clinical child and adolescent psychology and develop standard training recommendations for mental health providers who work with youth and families, international considerations for intervention implementation and training, and future directions in the field of clinical child and adolescent psychology.
Can Realism Move Beyond a Methodenstreit?
Authors: Rossi Enzo
Published: December 2015

Is there more to the recent surge in political realism than just a debate on how best to continue doing what political theorists are already doing? I use two recent books, by Michael Freeden and Matt Sleat, as a testing ground for realism’s claims about its import on the discipline. I argue that both book take realism beyond the Methodenstreit, though each in a different direction: Freeden’s takes us in the realm of meta-metatheory, Sleat’s is a genuine exercise in grounding liberal normative theory in a non-moralistic way. I conclude with wider methodological observations. I argue that unlike communitarianism (the previous contender for the discipline’s renewal), realism has the potential to open new vistas, though their novelty is to a large extent relative to the last forty years or so: realism is best thought of as a return to a more traditional way of doing political philosophy.
Empathy in Institutionalized Adolescents With Callous-Unemotional Traits
Authors: De Ridder Jill , Pihet Sandrine , Suter Maya , Caldara Roberto
Published: December 2015

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with impaired distress recognition, possibly leading to suboptimal empathy development. Evidence stems from computerized task results, having little in common with day-to-day experiences. We assessed institutionalized adolescents’ empathic accuracy in their ability to infer staff members’ emotions, using Ecological Momentary Assessment. A sample of 55 adolescents reported perceived levels of distress and anger in staff, 4 times per day over the course of 8 days. CU traits were assessed with the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, and data were submitted to multilevel regression analyses. All adolescents well identified anger and distress; high CU adolescents even overestimated both anger and distress intensities. Our ecological data suggest that in real-life situations, cognitive empathy skills may compensate for high CU adolescents’ distress recognition impairment. However, this compensatory process results in the perception of excessively negative emotions.
Writing in a Multimedia Environment: Pilot Outcomes for High School Students in Special Education
Authors: Rao Kavita , Dowrick Peter W. , Yuen JoAnn W. L. , Boisvert Precille C.
Published: December 2015

This study examined outcomes of using a generative multimedia environment for writing. Students in grades 9 to 12 enrolled in a special education language arts class participated in an eight-week intervention during which they wrote five stories that included pictures, audio, and text. Stories were scored using a Hawaii standards-based rubric assessment. Statistically significant differences were found when scores on the first and last stories were compared. Teams with lower pretest scores appeared to benefit the most from the intervention. A teacher interview revealed several affective outcomes in student writing behaviors, student engagement, and motivation.