bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verifying Source Citations in the Hadith Literature
Authors: Syed Mairaj , Halawi Danny , Sadeghi Behnam , Saquib Nazmus
Published: September 2019

Historians rely on hadiths (narratives about Muhammad) as a source for writing the history of early Islam. Each hadith is preceded by an isnād, which is a list of names purporting to give the sequence of individuals who transmitted it. Scholars apply a variety of methods to the isnāds of hadiths in order to determine their dates and geographic origins. These methods presuppose the absence of inadvertent mistakes in the names cited. Because the hadith literature is so voluminous and unwieldy, the systematic discovery and correction of these mistakes using manual methods is unfeasible. We introduce new computational and statistical methods for automatically detecting a subset of these errors and correcting them. We do so by investigating the citations of sources in the isnāds documented in the digital hadith repository, Gawāmiʿ al-Kalim.
Making Voices
Authors: Provenzano Catherine
Published: September 2019

This article is an examination of contemporary practices of pitch correction and what is called the Auto-Tune effect (TATE) on pop music voices. I argue that the split initiated by digital pitch correction softwares, which came to market in 1998, of the labor of precise pitch from the labor of singing more generally leaves in its wake a redoubled emphasis on the supposed truth of emotional delivery. Yet pitch corrected and Auto-Tuned voices are not understood to sound emotion in the same way, and instead rely upon and often reproduce hearings of voices as gendered and raced. I examine the status of pitch correction softwares (PCS) and the sometimes blunt, sometimes subtle ways they intersect with the statuses of marked identity and embodied vocality. These intersections inform ways of knowing emotion, creating epistemic relationships between emotion, body, voice, and work. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2014 and 2018 in Los Angeles and New York, I engage the specifics of the gendered labor involved creating pop voices, and the implications of the reality of that labor on the potentials the pop “cyborg” voice.
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 40 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Marthin Marthin , Salinding Marthen B , Akim Inggit
Published: September 2019

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan salah satu kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan sesuai dengan isi pasal 74 Undang- Undang Nomer 40 Tahun 2007 Tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UUPT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan alternatif bentuk-bentuk kegiatan CSR bagi perusahaan perseroan terbatas (PT) yang mengelola sumber daya alam di Kabupaten Malinau dan Tanah Tidung dan untuk mengetahui apa saja kendalakendala yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan dalam implementasinya. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis secara kualitatif , yaitu data skunder yang berupa teori, definisi dan substansinya dari berbagai literatur, dan peraturan perundang-undangan, serta data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi dan studi lapangan, kemudian dianalisis dengan undang-undang, teori dan pendapat pakar yang relevan, sehingga didapat kesimpulan tentang pelaksanaan tanggungjawab sosial perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan pengentasan masalahmasalah sosial kemasyarakatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa norma kewajiban CSR bagi perseroan terkesan tidak tegas, karena tidak memuat sanksi bagi perseroan yang melanggarnya. Pelaksanaan CSR dalam pelaksanaannya selama ini mengalami kendala karena hanya didasarkan kepada kesadaran dan komitmen perusahaan. Padahal komitmen dan kesadaran setiap perusahaan tidak sama dan sangat tergantung kepada kebijakan perusahaan masing-masing
FORMULATION OF MINERBA LAW ENFORCEMENT POLICY AGAINST UNCONVENTIONAL MINE FLOATING CATEGORY (STUDY OF SOCIO LEGAL IN BANGKA DISTRICT)
Authors: Rahayu Derita Prapti , YOKOTANI YOKOTANI , Toni Toni
Published: September 2019

The floating TI problem will also have an impact on policies on environmental conservation, fisheries and cultural change. Subjectivity of policy issues.  This research approach is socio-legal. Research with such an approach, views the law in its complex face, not only stops at the norm, but also targets how the process of formation is up to its implementation. TI floating problems must be identified related to issues of authority, economic and environmental issues. With this concept, this research was carried out by conducting a step review of norms for the first stage. In the next stage, a search for certain norms related to floating TI is carried out the act of number 4 ‘ 2009 on Minerals and Coal. It was only analyzed by offering how floating law enforcement related to IT in the Bangka Regency area. Policy problems are only possible when humans make judgments about the desire to change some problem situations. The policy problem is the result / product of human subjective assessment, the policy problem can also be accepted as legitimate definitions of objective social conditions and hence policy problems are understood, maintained and changed socially; and there are many solutions to a problem as there are many definitions of the problem. Problems and solutions are in constant changes.
BUILDING DIMENSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MANAGING COMPLETION OF FREEDOM OF RELEGIOUS AND BELEIF CONFLICT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Fidiyani Rini
Published: September 2019

Rini FidiyaniFakultas Hukum Universitas Negeri SemarangEmail fidiyani.rini@gmail.comErni Wulandari, S.H., M.HumMahasiswa Program Doktor Ilmu HukumUniversitas Sebelas Maret – SoloEmail erniwulandari.006@gmail.com Abstrak Pendidikan tinggi hukum memiliki sejarah panjang di Indonesia dari masa colonial Hindia Belanda sampai masa sekarang. Peletakan dasar pendidikan tinggi hukum berawal  dari pendidikan menengah hukum – Rechtscholl -  bagi tenaga kerja Bumi Putera yang dijadikan pegawai ambtenaar yang dibayar murah. Tugas lulusan  Rechtscholl membantu pekerjaan aparat hukum dari golongan penduduk Eropa, khususnya Belanda. Atas tuntutan politik etis dan menggema konsep negara nasionalis merdeka dari segala bentuk kolonialisme, pemerintah Kolonial Hindia Belanda membuka pendidikan tinggi hukum yang berlanjut hingga sekarang. Sekarang kita telah memasuki pendidikan tinggi hukum yang bersinggungan dengan kompleksitas globalisasi menyangkut beraneka kebutuhan dan masyarakat serta area. Tuntutan pendidikan tinggi hukum masa sekarang bukan sekedar mencetak sarjana hukum yang mahir menyusun berdokumen hukum sebagai kemahiran hardskill bahkan meluas sampai pada softskill dalam mengelola penyelesaian konflik menyangkut  kepekaan social, rasa empati, sikap disiplin dan kesetaraan berkomunikasi dengan pihak yang berkonflik. Konflik Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di negara Indonesia rentan terjadi sehubungan masyarakat kita merupakan heterogen dan kasus konflik sudah terbukti menyebar di Indonesia. Seperti konflik Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, Papua, Poso. Profil memiliki kemahiran berdialog merupakan kemahiran softskill yang wajib dikuasi bagi lulusan pendidikan tinggi hukum dalam mengelola penyeleaian sengketa hukum dan atau konflik yang sekarang mudah muncul dalam berbagai sector kehidupan salah satunya kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan. Kemahiran personal dialogonal membutuhkan modal dan latihan khusus yang terarah dan berkesinambungan dalam membangun kemahiran tersebut. Salah satunya dalam pengelolaan penyelesaian konflik kebebasan beragama berkeyakinan di Indonesia sekaligus peluang baru dalam profesi bagi lulusan pendidikan tinggi hukum.Kata Kunci: konflik, kebebasan beragama berkeyakinan, personal dialogonal
Venture Capital Regulation Reform: Revitalization of Venture Capital as an Alternatives Financing Mentorship and Partnership Based
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri
Published: September 2019

The growth of Venture Capital Company (PMV) in Indonesia is progressive although not significant. The Characteristics of Venture Capital, which is temporary in equity participation, caused venture capital financing is being highly risky financing. To anticipate this risk, PMVseeks the Investee Company (PPU) as a partner who is obliged to return capital. This is to secure this investment by using the concept of financing by venture capital. In addition, a guarantee agreement can be executed if Investee Company did not carry out obligations. This research aims to examine and analyze the essence of venture capital as an alternative financing mentorship and partnership based. In addition, it examines the position of collateral in financing venture capital. This study uses a normative juridical approach with descriptive analytical research specifications and qualitative juridical analysis.  The initial concept financing of venture capital as equity participation that using mentorship and partnership turns into loan based financing with collateral. The regulations reform of venture capital through OJK Regulation is aim to expand the objectives of Venture Capital as an effort to anticipate the development of technology based and start up business. In addition, regulation reform of on Venture Capital aims to strengthen venture Capital through the authority of PMV/PMVSto manage Venture Fund. Legal reform of Venture Capital must be interpreted and implemented in line with the purposes of venture Capital as an alternative financing that prioritizes mentorship and partnership between PMV/PMVSand PPU. Beside the supervision by the OJK, the Venture Capital Agreement is an instrument to empower Venture Capital for MSMEs financing optimally. Keywords: revitalization of venture capital; law reform of venture capital; financing mentorship based
Mewujudkan Mahkamah Konstitusi Sebagai Peradilan yang Akuntabel dan Terpercaya
Authors: Ghoffar Abdul
Published: September 2019

Mahkamah Konstitusi terus berupaya menjadi sebuah peradilan yang akuntabel dan terpercaya. Namun dalam perjalanannya, terdapat hakim konstitusi yang terjerat korupsi. Riset ini bertujuan untuk melihat kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh MK, lalu dicarikan solusi untuk menjaga agar kedepannya lebih akuntabel dan terpercaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, MK memiliki kewenangan yang sangat besar, yang diantara kewenangan tersebut menjadikan lembaga ini sebagai pengawas lembaga legislatif, serta wasit bagi lembaga lain yang sedang bersengketa kewenangan. Kedua, MK harus menerapkan standar akuntabilitas yang tinggi untuk menghindari terjadinya korupsi, serta membangun sistem guna menjaga perilaku hakim, baik pada saat hakim sedang berada di lingkungan pengadilan, maupun di luar lingkungan pengadilan, guna meningkatkan kepercayaan masyarakat.The Constitutional Court continues to strive to be an accountable and trustworthy judiciary. However, on its way, there were constitutional justices who were caught in corruption. This research aims to examine the authority possessed by the Constitutional Court, so keys to the more accountable and trustworthy Constitutional Court in the future can be well identified. This study uses a normative juridical method. The results of the study are concluded as follows. First, the Constitutional Court has considerable authorities, which enable this institution to be a supervisor of the legislature and the referee for other institutions who are in dispute over authority. Second, a high standard of accountability must be applied to avoid corruption as well as a system to maintain the behaviors of judges should be established, either when judges are in the court or outside the court, in order to improve public trust.
Authority of Forestry Police in the Completion Process of Forest Occupation Criminal Acts Cases: Between Expectation and Reality
Authors: Lukitasari Diana , Shofwan Anieq Nisrina
Published: September 2019

This research is intended to determine the authority possessed by the forestry police related to the crime of forest occupation and how far the implementation of the authority in the process of settling the case of the crime of forest occupation. This research is an empirical law study, by conducting interviews, direct observation, and literature study. The problem of forest occupation in the area of Alas Purwo National Park is a long-standing problem that can not be solved sooner which can lead to reduced protected areas and disrupt natural ecosystems that already exist around the site of the forest occupation. The existence of citizens who have been found guilty by the court violated Article 78 paragraph (2) jo. Article 50 paragraph 3 sub-paragraph of Law Number 41 of 1999 on Forestry jo. Article 55 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) related to illegal criminal acts of forest occupation but until this day they still occupy the jungle zone of Alas Purwo National Park area also can disrupt the duties of the forestry police in its efforts to secure the forest. Besides due to the lack of public awareness of the importance of forest existence, the settlement process of forest occupation is also constrained by internal factors of forestry police, namely the understanding of the forestry police on the extent of their authority.
Novel Neuroprotective Loci Modulating Ischemic Stroke Volume in Wild-Derived Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Lee Han Kyu , Widmayer Samuel J , Huang Min-Nung , Aylor David L , Marchuk Douglas A
Published: September 2019

To identify genes involved in cerebral infarction, we have employed a forward genetic approach in inbred mouse strains, using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for cerebral infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion. We had previously observed that infarct volume is inversely correlated with cerebral collateral vessel density in most strains. In this study, we expanded the pool of allelic variation among classical inbred mouse strains by utilizing the eight founder strains of the Collaborative Cross and found a wild-derived strain, WSB/EiJ, that breaks this general rule that collateral vessel density inversely correlates with infarct volume. WSB/EiJ and another wild-derived strain, CAST/EiJ, show the highest collateral vessel densities of any inbred strain, but infarct volume of WSB/EiJ mice is 8.7-fold larger than that of CAST/EiJ mice. QTL mapping between these strains identified four new neuroprotective loci modulating cerebral infarct volume while not affecting collateral vessel phenotypes. To identify causative variants in genes, we surveyed nonsynonymous coding SNPs between CAST/EiJ and WSB/EiJ and found 96 genes harboring coding SNPs predicted to be damaging and mapping within one of the four intervals. In addition, we performed RNA-sequencing for brain tissue of CAST/EiJ and WSB/EiJ mice and identified 79 candidate genes mapping in one of the four intervals showing strain-specific differences in expression. The identification of the genes underlying these neuroprotective loci will provide new understanding of genetic risk factors of ischemic stroke, which may provide novel targets for future therapeutic intervention of human ischemic stroke.
Preishöhenmissbrauch durch Verweigerung einer Entgeltanpassung in langfristigen Verträgen
Authors: Fuchs Andreas
Published: September 2019

Das Urteil des BGH vom 24. 1. 2017 (KZR 2/15) im Fall „Kabelkanalanlagen“ hat den langjährigen Streit um die Höhe der Mietzahlungen für den Zugang zu Kabelschächten zwischen den Betreibern von Breitbandkabelnetzen und der Telekom Deutschland nicht beendet. Die Entscheidung ist nicht nur in der Literatur auf ein geteiltes Echo gestoßen, sondern hat in der Sache auch nicht die Gefolgschaft des OLG Frankfurt/M. und – in einem Parallelverfahren – des OLG Düsseldorf gefunden. Vielmehr haben diese Berufungsgerichte im Gegensatz zum BGH einen Marktmachtmissbrauch durch das Festhalten an dem noch vor Erlangung einer marktbeherrschenden Stellung des Eigentümers der Kabelkanalanlagen vereinbarten Mietzins, der inzwischen erheblich über dem aktuellen wettbewerbsanalogen Preis liegt, verneint. Dabei haben sie sich im Rahmen der gebotenen umfassenden Interessenabwägung auch auf grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum Verhältnis der kartellrechtlichen Preiskontrolle zur Vertragsfreiheit sowie zum Grundsatz pacta sunt servanda gestützt, die ihrerseits Fragen aufwerfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der vorliegende Beitrag der Problematik nach, ob und ggf. unter welchen Voraussetzungen langfristige Verträge, die noch unter Wettbewerbsbedingungen abgeschlossen worden sind, nach Erlangung einer marktbeherrschenden Stellung der kartellrechtlichen Preishöhenkontrolle gem. § 19 Abs. 1, 2 Nr. 2 GWB unterliegen und die Verweigerung der Anpassung eines ungekündigten Vertrags als missbräuchliche Verhaltensweise qualifiziert werden kann.
Die Neujustierung der fusionskontrollrechtlichen Aufgreifschwellen in der 10. GWB-Novelle
Authors: Stadler Christoph
Published: September 2019

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Fallbelastung und die Interventionsrate des Bundeskartellamts sowie die Aufgreifschwellen der deutschen Fusionskontrolle im historischen Zusammenhang und internationalen Vergleich darstellen, und von welchen Erwägungen sich der Gesetzgeber bei der anstehenden Neujustierung der Schwellenwerte leiten lassen sollte. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den „traditionellen“ Aufgreifschwellen des § 35 Abs. 1 GWB. Die Überlegungen bewegen sich innerhalb des bestehenden Koordinatensystems der präventiven Fusionskontrolle und verzichten auf eine Diskussion grundsätzlich bestehender Alternativen, wie z. B. eine von Aufgreifschwellen unabhängige Untersuchungsbefugnis der Kartellbehörde.
Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Childhood
Authors: Wahab Rama J. , Beth Sytske A. , Derks Ivonne P.M. , Jansen Pauline W. , Moll Henriëtte A. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Celiac disease (CeD) is associated with psychopathology in children. It is unknown whether this association is present in children with celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) identified by screening. We examined the associations between subclinical CDA and emotional and behavioral problems in children without previous CeD diagnosis.

METHODS:

In a population-based cohort study of 3715 children (median age: 6 years), blood titers of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies were analyzed. CDA was defined as a measurement of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies ≥7 U/mL (n = 51). Children with previous CeD diagnosis or children on a gluten-free diet, were excluded. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was filled in by parents and was used to assess behavioral and emotional problems of children at a median age of 5.9 years. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between CDA and CBCL scores. Sensitivity analyses were done in a subgroup of children who were seropositive carrying the HLA antigen risk alleles for CeD.

RESULTS:

In basic models, CDA was not associated with emotional and behavioral problems on the CBCL scales. After adjustment for confounders, CDA was significantly associated with anxiety problems (β = .29; 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.55; P = .02). After exclusion of children who did not carry the HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 risk alleles (n = 4), CDA was additionally associated with oppositional defiant problems (β = .35; 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.69). Associations were not explained by gastrointestinal complaints.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results reveal that CDA, especially combined with the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 risk alleles, is associated with anxiety problems and oppositional defiant problems. Further research should be used to establish whether behavioral problems are a reflection of subclinical CeD.
Modern-day Slavery in our Health Care System: An Advocacy Journey
Authors: Panda Preeti , Garg Anjali
Published: September 2019

The following is the winning submission from the third annual Section on Pediatric Trainees essay competition. This year’s competition was informed by the 2018–2019 Section on Pediatric Trainees Advocacy Campaign: Advocacy Adventure, which empowered trainees to find their areas of passion, acquire and polish new skills, and organize advocacy efforts collaboratively. We asked writers to share experiences as physician advocates and were impressed with the broad variety of important topics submitted by trainees from around the country. This essay by Drs Panda and Garg highlights a critical issue facing children, human trafficking, and shares their innovative and sustainable survivor-informed training for pediatric trainees. Along with the runner-up submission by Dr Ju, which also appears in this issue, this piece is a wonderfully inspiring reminder that we are all well positioned to advocate for children in our roles as trainees and pediatricians.
Background for the formation and predictors for the implementation of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine
Authors: Крушельницька Т. А.
Published: September 2019

Corruption in the public administration of Ukraine, which is a socio-economic phenomenon, is investigated as a plurality of actions of public service officials, which is arising in the process of realization of their authorities and building relationships and connecting with abuse of political or public authority for the sake of personal gain. An analysis of the preconditions for formation and theoretical substantiation of the predictors of the state anti-corruption policy implementation is conducted. Corruption is manifested through such institutional deformations as institutional constraints, legal burdens, distortions of moral and ethical standards of officials, and tolerance of corruption by society.The main preconditions for the formation of anticorruption policy are as follows: the set of external and internal factors of the mechanisms of public and managerial activity, which is burdened by the historical legacy of the administrative-command system of the Soviet era; formation of the outlook of a civil servant, in which the common purpose of occupying a post is a phenomenon like sinecure; a feature of professional state-management activity, which is determined by the state-power authorities of individuals, which are the exclusive privilege and responsibility of officials; the existence of legal preferences that imply inequality of citizens in the access to socially useful benefits that distort understanding of the legal equality of citizens and are the basis of corruption; the presence of effective foreign experience in the implementation of anticorruption policy, based on the cooperation of government institutions with the private sector and the public, is long-term and complex.The main predictors that will become qualitative and quantitative benchmarks for changing the trend in the implementation of anti-corruption policies are reducing the proportion of actions committed to attract corruption leverage, reducing the share of the shadow economy, raising the index of perceived corruption in Ukraine for five years at least to an average of 60-65, the creation of prerequisites for absolute rejection of corruption, complete lack of tolerance to any, even minimal, manifestations of corruption.
Features of modern models of public administration
Authors: Сьомич М. І.
Published: September 2019

The emergence of the latest nature of public administration is one of the main instruments for the approval of a public governance model, which implies the need to replace bureaucratic mechanisms with socially-oriented market relations.

Level of scientific reflection there is an expansion of the range of applicability of existing concepts and the development of new, increasing hybridization of public administration systems.

The purpose of the article is to identify features and generalized characteristics of the main models of public administration and to formulate proposals for the formation of the most optimal model of public administration in accordance with the stages of transformation of the domestic society.

Old Public Management – the classic bureaucratic form of organization described by Max Weber as the ideal type of rational form of government based on the principle of law-making, with a high level of predictability for both policy in general and for citizens.

New Public Management is a modern model of public administration reform. An important place within the framework of this model is the concept of Digital Government, Network model of government, Anti-crisis Public Administration, Open Government Partnership.

It should be noted that in the "pure" form, these models of public administration are almost never found in any country in the world, although this or that set of elements of certain models is introduced into the practice of modern state regulation. In the majority of foreign countries there is currently a certain tendency towards convergence, a kind of diffusion of various approaches to public administration.

From the elements of these concepts one can form the theoretical basis for the "ideal model" of public administration, which can then be used to study administrative reforms in different countries.

The main essential features of the "ideal model" of a public administration model are to justify the following: implementation of the concept of "good" public administration as part of the Good Governance model, system simplification of legislation (as one of the elements and inherent tools of a "new" public management model), reduction the total number and narrowing of segments of the subject-object area of ​​public administration with the transfer of public functions and public authority by the public administration, ensuring subsidiarity in public-private services development, public-private partnership development, de-bureaucratization and de-concentration of public sector entities, activation of the interaction of public administration and other types of social management, realization and progressive development of the concept of "electronic state", significant increase of requirements for transparency and accountability of public administration, development tools of public administration, increase the variety of their modifications and complication of their combinations, implementation of the concept of management of results, increase ting susceptibility and complementarity against the public interest.
Qualidade de vida de um grupo de idosos vinculados a um plano de saúde na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Henrique Souza Barros de , Fenner Fernanda , Manso Maria Elisa Gonzalez
Published: September 2019

AIM: This study aims to assess the life quality of a group of elderly people linked to a health plan in the city of São Paulo and to verify which variables affect this construct. METHODS: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study carried out in 2017 with a group of elderly people over 60 years of age and without cognitive deficits, linked to a health plan operator, all residents of the city of São Paulo, SP. The WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-Old self-filled questionnaires were applied and the elderly participants also answered questionnaires relating to sociodemographic, morbidities and the usage of services developed by the researchers.  RESULTS: The research group evaluates their quality of life as good and is satisfied with their health, but some points stand out. For said group, living by themselves, having cardiocirculatory diseases or having more than one chronic disease influenced negatively their quality of life, whereas being in a stable unionship and having access to consultations with intervals below six months interfered positively. It was observed that the group was concerned about issues related to independence, communication capacity, social life, and death. The environment and intimacy were shown as highlights for this group. CONCLUSIONS: It was verified in this group of elderly people that the best quality of life performance was obtained in the Environment and Social Relations domains and in the Intimacy and Past, Present and Future aspects. In addition, sociodemographic, morbidity and health service use variables significantly affected this construct. The characteristics of the research group do not allow us to generalize the findings, but it is hoped to have contributed with the look on a group as diverse as the Brazilian elderly.
Determinantes naturales y antrópicos de la distribución, estructura y composición florística de los manglares de la Reserva Natural Sanguaré, Colombia
Authors: Mira Juan David , Urrego Ligia Estela , Monsalve Katerine
Published: September 2019

Con base en el análisis de fotografías aéreas, muestreo en campo y análisis de componentes principales, se analizaron la composición florística y la estructura de los manglares presentes en la Reserva Natural Sanguaré. Se identificaron tres tipos de bosques según la clasificación fisiográfica de manglares. Un manglar de borde dominado por Rhizophora mangle L. en estado juvenil, con bajo desarrollo estructural, y dos tipos de manglar de interior o cuenca dominados por Avicennia germinans (L.) L. El primero de ellos, localizado detrás del manglar de borde, presentó alta salinidad en el suelo y en el agua intersticial, predominancia de sedimentos arenosos, y bajos valores de altura y diámetro a la altura de pecho (DAP) promedio de los árboles. El segundo, con un bajo número de árboles adultos en todas las categorías de diámetro, mayor área basal, bajo potencial de regeneración natural, y altas concentraciones de Fe y Cu en el suelo, probablemente asociado a la contaminación por vertimientos domésticos. La ubicación del primer manglar de interior detrás del manglar de borde revela la zonación típica descrita para muchos manglares del mundo. La composición florística, la estructura y la distribución de los manglares en la Reserva Sanguaré son el resultado de la interacción de variables ambientales locales como la salinidad y la textura del suelo, además de la intervención antrópica previa al establecimiento de la reserva y la actual presencia humana muy cerca de los manglares.
Systematics and phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a genus of trees endemic to North and Central America
Authors: Hernández Urban Humberto Adrian , Angulo Diego Francisco , Lascurain-Rangel Maite , Avendaño-Reyes Sergio , Can Lilia Lorena , Stull Gregory , Duno Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

The genus Oecopetalum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps. (Metteniusaceae) is distributed in the southeastern portion of Mexico to Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica). Three species have been described and two have been reported as edible. We studied herbarium specimens of the genus Oecopetalum and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the chloroplast genes matK and ndhF to answers to main questions: How many species are in the genus Oecopetalum? Is the genus Oecopetalum monophyletic? What are the generic relationships with other members of the family? Oecopetalum is a monophyletic genus with only two species. Pittosporosis is the sister group of Oecopetalum. The Trans-Atlantic relationship of Oecopetalum and Pittosporosis is a recurrent geographic pattern in the family Mettenuisaceae as well as in the family Icacinaceae. Our results, in concordance with fossil evidence and relationships of other groups, support the Boreotropical model of high-latitude terrestrial migrations of tropical taxa during the globally warm Paleocene–Eocene.
Genotoxic effects of mercury chloride on the Neotropical fish Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini)
Authors: Nirchio Mauro , Choco Ventimilla Oscar Jesús , Quizhpe Cordero Patricio Freddy , Hernández José Gregorio , Oliveira Claudio
Published: September 2019

Understanding the effects of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems is of significant importance due to their potential to bioaccumulate at various trophic levels and induce damage in DNA. Mercury is considered one of the most dangerous heavy metals, causing chromosomal breakage (clastogenic event) or spindle dysfunction (aneugenic event), that can lead to the formation of encapsulated chromatin into a separate smaller nucleus, generally referred to as a micronucleus. We evaluated the sensitivity of the micronucleus test in the neotropical cichlid Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860). The fish were divided into four groups of 16 individuals, and each group was placed in separate aquaria (140 L) provided with filtered water and constant aeration. Fish were exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2) at doses 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/Kg body weight, administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Fish from the control group were injected with a physiologic solution.  The following erythrocyte anomalies were identified: erythrocytes with micronuclei varying to some extent in size and position in the cytoplasm, blebbed nucleus, binucleated cell, nuclei showing a deep invagination toward the center (notched nuclei). Examination of blood smears demonstrated a higher level of micronucleus and notched erythrocytes in fish injected with HgCl2 than in the controls. There were significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocyte among the groups exposed to mercury. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocytes (P < 0.0001), with a moderately strong correlation coefficient (r=0.737). We propose that, in addition to the two so far known mechanisms of micronucleus formation (spindle apparatus damage and chromosomal ruptures), chromatin fragmentation in notched nuclei resulting from a combination of the cytotoxic effects of mercury and mechanical stress, may be a third mechanism of micronuclei genesis. It is emphasized that although the micronucleus test is a cheap and technically simple method that requires very basic equipment, direct counting of erythrocytes using a microscope is a time-consuming task because it requires counting a high number of cells (a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 cells) per blood smear, leading to visual fatigue. We recommend, photographing the stained blood smears at several areas at random and scoring the digital images using Adobe Photoshop software as an easy way to evaluate a large number of erythrocytes for minimizing the visual fatigue caused by many hours of direct observation through a microscope
The Leipzig Model and its Consequences: Niels W. Gade and Carl Nielsen as European National Composers
Authors: Fjeldsøe Michael
Published: September 2019

The article discusses how the concept of “national composer” was established and developed in Central and Northern Europe by looking into the attempted international careers of two Danish composers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The analysis focuses on the appropriation of national composers in relation to international recognition in order to reflect on how this changing relationship might have influenced the conditions for international recognition of Zoltán Kodály. In the 1840s, Leipzig was the place to obtain international reputation. It was in Leipzig that Niels W. Gade was first recognized as a composer with a “Nordic tone” and it was because of that reason that he had, a meteoric career and was ranked as an important European composer. In the early twentieth century, Carl Nielsen replaced Gade as the most revered Danish composer; however, at that time, being a national composer was not an advantage to an international career, it was an obstacle, if anything.
Rapid test for the qualitative simultaneous determination of cardiac fatty acid-binding protein and cardiac troponin I in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kokorin V. A. , Gordeev I. G. , Arefyev M. N. , Goncharova A. Ya. , Yakovtsova A. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim.To study the diagnostic characteristics of the rapid test for qualitative simultaneous determination of cardiac fatty acid-binding protein (FABPs) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) CARD-INFO 1+1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods.The study included 168 patients undergoing inpatient treatment after ACS, with typical anginal pain lasting at least 20 minutes occurred in the previous 1-24 hours. In addition to routine diagnostic procedures, on admission, we determined FABPs and cTnI concentrations using the high-quality immunochromatographic rapid test CARD-INFO 1 1 (OOO CARDIO-Plus, Russia).

Results.The sensitivity of the CARD-INFO 1+1 rapid test was 88,1%, specificity — 89,8%, diagnostic accuracy — 88,7%. The indicators of the diagnostic effectiveness of CARD-INFO 1+1 test in patients with STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS did not significantly differ (p>0,05). The sensitivity of the rapid test reached a maximum in the period from 3 to 6 hours from the onset of pain. Compared with the determination of cTnI performed on admission to the hospital, a higher sensitivity of the CARD-INFO 1+1 test was revealed in patients with STE-ACS (87,7% vs 75,3%; p=0,044), in the first 1-3 hours after the beginning of clinical manifestations (86,8% vs 60,5%; p=0,041) and in the entire sample as a whole (88,1% vs 77,1%; p=0,033), with comparable specificity (89,8% and 93,2%, respectively; p=0,741).

Conclusion.Qualitative immunochromatographic CARD-INFO 1+1 rapid test for the simultaneous determination of the content of FABPs and cTnI I is highly effective in the diagnosis of various forms of ACS. The highest diagnostic characteristics of the test were observed in patients in the early stages of the disease (the first 1-6 hours after the onset of pain). Carrying out the CARD-INFO 1+1 test revealed 12 MI cases more (11%) than the first determination of cTnI. Further studies will clarify the place of this technique in the modern algorithm for the management of patients with ACS and evaluate the possibility of using the rapid test in predicting the course of the disease.
Delayed help-seeking in acute coronary syndrome — view of a problem in terms of narrative medicine
Authors: Shaydyuk O. Yu. , Kudinova M. A. , Taratukhin E. O. , Sapunov I. V. , Zamyatin K. A.
Published: September 2019

The article suggests the reasons for the delayed help-seeking in patients with acute coronary syndrome in terms of individualization of work. For analysis, the approach of narrative medicine was used, that is, a way to conceptualize medical situations using the methods of the humanities, or rather, to understand the disease as an event in the patient’s life — his biographical narrative. These categories are important both from the standpoint of ethics and patient orientation, and from the standpoint of health improving through education of the population. A number of attitudes are shown that lead to delay in help-seeking: rigidity of thinking, unwillingness to cause discomfort, atypical manifestations, distrust of medicine and the unknown medical process. In general, the inclusion of a disease in the biographical process occurs through denial of the disease, distrust of medicine and/or healthcare, procrastination. As a solution of these problems, an assessment of the general informational background of patients as society participants and education depending on the social category, is proposed.
Selection of P2Y12 antagonist in patients with myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy. Results of annual follow-up of TREAT study patients
Authors: Averkov O. V. , Vechorko V. I.
Published: September 2019

Dual antiplatelet therapy serves to improve the clinical results of thrombolytic therapy after STEMI, until recently consisted of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel. In this category of patients, ticagrelor, widely used by acute coronary syndrome as more effective than clopidogrel, had no serious evidence of efficacy and safety. The TREAT study discussed in this article has been implemented to supply a gap in the evidence base of ticagrelor. The results of observation within 12 months after randomization to taking ticagrelor or clopidogrel of patients who received thrombolytic showed that the hemorrhagic safety regarding the major bleeding of ticagrelor is comparable with clopidogrel. The results of the TREAT study with the previously obtained results of the PLATO study make it possible to broaden indications for the use of ticagrelor (or switching from clopidogrel) in the first 24 hours from the onset of a myocardial infarction in patients who received thrombolytic therapy as an initial reperfusion.
Deep Transformation Method for Discriminant Analysis of Multi-Channel Resting State fMRI
Authors: Aradhya Abhay M S , Joglekar Aditya , Suresh Sundaram , Pratama M.
Published: September 2019

Analysis of resting state - functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) data has been a challenging problem due to a high homogeneity, large intra-class variability, limited samples and difference in acquisition technologies/techniques. These issues are predominant in the case of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this paper, we propose a new Deep Transformation Method (DTM) that extracts the discriminant latent feature space from rsfMRI and projects it in the subsequent layer for classification of rs-fMRI data. The hidden transformation layer in DTM projects the original rs-fMRI data into a new space using the learning policy and extracts the spatio-temporal correlations of the functional activities as a latent feature space. The subsequent convolution and decision layers transform the latent feature space into high-level features and provide accurate classification. The performance of DTM has been evaluated using the ADHD200 rs-fMRI benchmark data with crossvalidation. The results show that the proposed DTM achieves a mean classification accuracy of 70.36% and an improvement of 8.25% on the state of the art methodologies was observed. The improvement is due to concurrent analysis of the spatio-temporal correlations between the different regions of the brain and can be easily extended to study other cognitive disorders using rs-fMRI. Further, brain network analysis has been studied to identify the difference in functional activities and the corresponding regions behind cognitive symptoms in ADHD.
The Goldilocks Zone: Towards Better Understanding of Neural Network Loss Landscapes
Authors: Fort Stanislav , Scherlis Adam
Published: September 2019

We explore the loss landscape of fully-connected and convolutional neural networks using random, low-dimensional hyperplanes and hyperspheres. Evaluating the Hessian, H, of the loss function on these hypersurfaces, we observe 1) an unusual excess of the number of positive eigenvalues of H, and 2) a large value of Tr(H)/||H|| at a well defined range of configuration space radii, corresponding to a thick, hollow, spherical shell we refer to as the Goldilocks zone. We observe this effect for fully-connected neural networks over a range of network widths and depths on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets with the ReLU and tanh non-linearities, and a similar effect for convolutional networks. Using our observations, we demonstrate a close connection between the Goldilocks zone, measures of local convexity/prevalence of positive curvature, and the suitability of a network initialization. We show that the high and stable accuracy reached when optimizing on random, low-dimensional hypersurfaces is directly related to the overlap between the hypersurface and the Goldilocks zone, and as a corollary demonstrate that the notion of intrinsic dimension is initialization-dependent. We note that common initialization techniques initialize neural networks in this particular region of unusually high convexity/prevalence of positive curvature, and offer a geometric intuition for their success. Furthermore, we demonstrate that initializing a neural network at a number of points and selecting for high measures of local convexity such as Tr(H)/||H||, number of positive eigenvalues of H, or low initial loss, leads to statistically significantly faster training on MNIST. Based on our observations, we hypothesize that the Goldilocks zone contains an unusually high density of suitable initialization configurations.
Scalable and Efficient Pairwise Learning to Achieve Statistical Accuracy
Authors: Gu Bin , Huo Zhouyuan , Huang Heng
Published: September 2019

Pairwise learning is an important learning topic in the machine learning community, where the loss function involves pairs of samples (e.g., AUC maximization and metric learning). Existing pairwise learning algorithms do not perform well in the generality, scalability and efficiency simultaneously. To address these challenging problems, in this paper, we first analyze the relationship between the statistical accuracy and the regularized empire risk for pairwise loss. Based on the relationship, we propose a scalable and efficient adaptive doubly stochastic gradient algorithm (AdaDSG) for generalized regularized pairwise learning problems. More importantly, we prove that the overall computational cost of AdaDSG is O(n) to achieve the statistical accuracy on the full training set with the size of n, which is the best theoretical result for pairwise learning to the best of our knowledge. The experimental results on a variety of real-world datasets not only confirm the effectiveness of our AdaDSG algorithm, but also show that AdaDSG has significantly better scalability and efficiency than the existing pairwise learning algorithms.
Clinical Benefit of Sorafenib Combined with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin to a Patient with Metastatic Chemotherapy-Refractory Testicular Tumors
Authors: Lian Bijun , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Tiegong , Yang Qingsong , Jia Zepeng , Chen Huan , Wang Lei , Xu Jing , Wang Wei , Cao Kai , Gao Xu , Sun Yinghao , Shao Chengwei , Liu Zhiyong , Li Jing
Published: September 2019

Testicular cancer is one of the few tumor types that have not yet benefited from targeted therapy. Still no new active agents for treating this cancer have been identified over the past 15 years. Once patients are refractory to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, they will be expected to die from testicular cancer. This report describes a 21-year-old man who was refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Whole exome sequencing and low-depth whole genome sequencing confirmed the KRAS gene amplification, which may lead to the tumor cells’ progression and proliferation. After discussion at the molecular tumor board, the patient was offered paclitaxel, carboplatin, and sorafenib (CPS) based on a phase III clinical trial of melanoma with KRAS gene copy gains. After treatment with CPS, the patient achieved excellent curative effects. Because of a nearly 50% frequency of KRAS amplification in chemotherapy-refractory testicular germ cells, CPS regimen may provide a new therapy, but it still warrants further validation in clinical studies.

Key Points

Chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer has a very poor prognosis resulting in a lack of effective targeted therapies. KRAS gene amplification occurs in nearly 20% of testicular cancer and 50% of chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer. KRAS amplification may activate the MAPK signaling pathway, and inhibition of MAPK by sorafenib combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin could be a viable option based on a phase III clinical trial of melanoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of response to sorafenib-based combination targeted therapy in a patient with chemotherapy-refractory testicular cancer. Clinical genomic profiling can confirm copy number variation of testicular cancer and provide insights on therapeutic options.