bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Mastoid Portion of the Temporal Bone: MRI and PET/CT Findings and Their Correlation with Histology
Authors: Oh Noeun , Khorsandi Azita S. , Scherl Sophie , Wang Beverly , Wenig Bruce M. , Manolidis Spiros , Jacobson Adam
Published: January 2019

We report a very rare case of a chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone in a 38-year-old woman who presented with left-sided hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging identified an expansile mass in the left mastoid bone with a heterogeneous hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging and peripheral enhancement. Subsequent positron emission tomography/computed tomography identified erosive bony changes associated with hypermetabolism. The patient underwent an infratemporal fossa resection with a suboccipital craniectomy/cranioplasty. We briefly review the aspects of this case, including a discussion of the differential diagnosis and the correlation between histologic and imaging findings.
Propranolol in the Treatment of Upper Airway Hemangiomas
Authors: de Moreno Lauren C. Anderson , Matt Bruce H. , Montgomery Gregory , Kim Young-Jee
Published: January 2019

Airway hemangiomas (AHs), which are common in infant airways, often cause significant upper airway obstruction. The various therapies used for AH have limitations and complications. Propranolol may have a potential role in its treatment, since it leads to regression or stabilization of cutaneous infantile hemangiomas. To date, only 4 previous case reports (7 patients) in which propranolol was used for AH have been published. Based on encouraging preliminary data on propranolol use for AH treatment, our goal was to further investigate propranolol as an effective initial treatment of upper AHs that cause significant obstruction symptoms. In this retrospective case series, we reviewed the medical records of 5 consecutive pediatric patients with AH (glottic and subglottic) treated with propranolol at a tertiary care children's hospital. All 5 patients were 2 months of age at the time of hemangioma diagnosis and had stridor and physical signs of severe upper airway obstruction. Hemangioma was diagnosed by flexible laryngoscopy or flexible bronchoscopy. All patients received propranolol 2 mg/kg/day and showed significant relief of obstruction symptoms within 24 hours of treatment initiation. All patients tolerated propranolol without significant cardiovascular complications. Outcomes from this case series, in conjunction with available case reports in the literature, suggest that propranolol is a safe initial treatment for symptomatic upper AH.
Huge Hibernoma of the Neck with Extension into the Mediastinum
Authors: Sinha Ramanuj , Das Saumik , Banerjee Pranabashish , Halder Atish , Dutta Mainak
Published: January 2019

Hibernomas are benign tumors made up of brown fat. They are rarely encountered in otolaryngologic clinical practice, as they are usually located in the interscapular area, axilla, thigh, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. We report an extremely rare case of a very large hibernoma in a 45-year-old man who presented with a 4-year history of neck swelling. Radioimaging was suggestive of a mass in both parapharyngeal spaces; the lesion was more prominent on the left side. The mass extended from C2 into the retropharyngeal space and superior mediastinum. Fine-needle aspiration cytology failed to yield a diagnosis. On surgical exploration, a tumor measuring 17 x 16 x 5 cm was removed and sent for histopathologic examination. Light microscopy was suggestive of a hibernoma. Staining with oil red O confirmed the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, a large hibernoma with such massive extension has not been previously reported in the literature.
Relief from Cluster Headaches following Extraction of an Ipsilateral Infected Tooth
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , McCulloch Timothy M.
Published: January 2019

A 60-year-old man with a 7-year history of cluster headaches was seen by an oral surgeon for evaluation of pain in the left upper second molar ipsilateral to the side affected by the headaches. During extraction of the tooth, infection, decay, and inflammation were discovered. Since the extraction in November 2008, the patient has experienced one episode of cluster headaches as of April 2013.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a Cause of Neonatal Suppurative Parotitis: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Donovan Sean T. , Rohman Grant T. , Selph John P. , Rajan Roy , Stocks Rosemary M. , Thompson Jerome W.
Published: January 2019

Suppurative parotitis is an uncommon entity identified in newborns. While Staphylococcus aureus has been frequently identified as the causative pathogen among the few patients diagnosed with neonatal suppurative parotitis (NSP), there has only been one prior case described in the literature that was due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Because of its virulence, MRSA presents new and substantial challenges for the surgeon; we describe two cases of NSP caused by MRSA and the subsequent surgical intervention necessitated for cure. We also include a review of all cases of NSP described in the English-language literature.
Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Larynx
Authors: D'Antonio Antonio , Mottola Giampiero , Caleo Alessia , Addesso Maria , Boscaino Amedeo
Published: January 2019

Among the primary mesenchymal tumors of the hypopharynx and larynx, lipomas are rare. Macroscopically, they often resemble a retention cyst or laryngeal nodule. Spindle cell lipomas (SCLs) are an uncommon variant of lipoma. SCLs are extremely rare in the larynx; as far as we know, only 4 cases have been previously described in the literature. We present a new case of laryngeal SCL in a 65-year-old man who presented with a 1-year history of hoarseness, choking spells, stridor, and dyspnea. Examination revealed the presence of a large polyp on the left true vocal fold that had caused stenosis of the posterior glottis. The polyp was removed endoscopically, and the patient's stridor and dyspnea resolved. Histologically, the tumor was composed of bland, CD34-positive spindle cells with an abundant fibrous and myxoid stroma interspersed with mature fatty tissue. The patient was free of local recurrence at 2 years of follow-up.
Traumatic Ossicle Extrusion into the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Gupta Manish , Singh Sunder , Gupta Monica
Published: January 2019

We report a rare case of incus dislocation into the external auditory canal following a head injury. The patient was a 35-year-old man who presented to the surgical emergency unit with a head injury that he had sustained during a traffic accident. An x-ray of the skull detected a longitudinal fracture of the right temporal bone. The ENT examination revealed the presence of a bony structure and a blood clot in the right external auditory canal. Computed tomography identified a disruption of the ossicular chain, with an incus-like bony shadow in the external canal. The wide opening of the fracture line and the impact of the accident were believed to have pushed the incus through the fracture and into the external canal. The patient was successfully treated with exploratory tympanotomy and ossiculoplasty.
Cicatricial External Auditory Canal Stenosis Caused by Ectodermal Dysplasia: Rapp-Hodgkin Syndrome
Authors: Sosulski Amanda B. , Hayes James D.
Published: January 2019

We present a case of recurrent cicatricial stenosis of the external ear canals caused by ectodermal dysplasia, specifically Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, in a 45-year-old woman. No form of medical or surgical management has produced durable patency of the patient's ear canals, and her hearing loss is being managed with hearing aids. Topical management of the recurring external otitis slows the process but has been unsuccessful in preventing restenosis of both external auditory canals.
Inferior Vestibular Neuritis in a Fighter Pilot: A Case Report
Authors: Jiang Xie Su , Bo Jia Hong , Po Xu , Juan Zheng Ying
Published: January 2019

Spatial disorientation in airplane pilots is a leading factor in many fatal flying accidents. Spatial orientation is the product of integrative inputs from the proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual systems. One condition that can lead to sudden pilot incapacitation in fight is vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis is commonly diagnosed by a finding of unilateral vestibular failure, such as a loss of caloric response. However, because caloric response testing reflects the function of only the superior part of the vestibular nerve, it cannot detect cases of neuritis in only the inferior part of the nerve. We describe the case of a Chinese naval command fighter pilot who exhibited symptoms suggestive of vestibular neuritis but whose caloric response test results were normal. Further testing showed a unilateral loss of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). We believe that this pilot had pure inferior nerve vestibular neuritis. VEMP testing plays a major role in the diagnosis of inferior nerve vestibular neuritis in pilots. We also discuss this issue in terms of aeromedical concerns.
Double Deep Inferior Epigastric Arteries Encountered during Vertical Rectus Abdominis Flap Harvest: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chung Tomas K. , Wilson Keith , Patil Yash J.
Published: January 2019

The rectus abdominis flap offers a number of advantages over other flaps used in head and neck reconstruction. The flap can be harvested by a separate team and can be tailored to include skin, muscle, and fat. In addition, the available vascular pedicle is long and its large caliber provides an appropriate size match with recipient neck vessels. Central to reconstructive success is defining an arterial and venous pedicle that provides balanced per fusion to all components of the flap. Anomalous vascular anatomy presents principal challenges in reestablishing free flap perfusion. We present a case of double, right deep inferior epigastric arteries encountered during vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction of the tongue and floor of the mouth and discuss the clinical outcomes of this reconstruction.
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Lower-Extremity Soft Tissues: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Samuelian Jason M. , Fisher Brandon J. , Daugherty Larry C. , Babaria Usha A.
Published: January 2019

A 52-year old man was referred to our service for evaluation after being diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass in the left tonsillar pillar, as well as submental lymphadenopathy. The extent of tumor infiltration was assessed by fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans, which showed increased uptake in the tumor bed and a suspicious-looking lymph node near the right hilum. No other signs or symptoms of distant metastasis were evident at that time, and the patient was treated with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation. Several weeks after treatment completion, the patient returned, complaining of right medial foot edema. CT of the right lower extremity revealed multiple high-attenuation masses in the soft tissues of the right leg and foot, including a mass in the medial plantar region of the foot. Approximately 15 to 20% of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma develop distant metastasis throughout the course of the disease. Soft-tissue metastases from oropharyngeal cancers are rare, however, particularly when they present in the absence of widespread metastasis. A review of the current head and neck tumor literature describes soft-tissue metastases in less than 10% of patients with known distant metastases. Metastasis to distal regions such as the lower extremities has rarely been observed but should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with lower-extremity pain or edema.
Tonsillar Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient with Membranous Glomerulonephritis on Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Al-Brahim Nabeel , Zaki Ashraf H. , El-Merhi Khaled , Ahmad Mahmoud S.
Published: January 2019

Kaposi sarcoma is a malignant vascular neoplasm uncommonly seen in immunosuppressed patients. Herein we report an unusual case of tonsillar Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with membranous glomerulonephritis treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine. The patient presented after 10 months of starting the treatment with a tonsillar mass. Histological examination was typical of monomorphic spindle cell proliferation with slit-like vascular channels. The tumor cells expressed CD34, D2–40 and positive nuclear stain for HHV-8. Kaposi sarcoma is associated with immunosuppression and rarely occurs in the tonsil. Clinicians should be aware of this rare presentation of Kaposi sarcoma.
Nasal Actinomycosis Mimicking a Foreign Body
Authors: Batzakakis Dimitrios , Karkos Petros D. , Papouliakos Sotirios , Leong Samuel C. , Bardanis Ioannis
Published: January 2019

Nasal actinomycosis is a rare disease. We present a case of nasal actinomycosis causing symptoms similar to those of a nasal foreign body. A 34-year-old woman presented with a long history of halitosis and unilateral offensive, purulent rhinorrhea. Rigid nasendoscopy showed a hard, dark gray mass between the middle and inferior turbinates. Computed tomography findings were typical of a nasal foreign body. Endoscopic removal of the mass was performed, and histopathology established a diagnosis of actinomycosis. We suggest that every clinician confronted with unilateral nasal symptoms and/or signs should have this clinical entity in mind, since it has justifiably been characterized as the head and neck “mimic.”
Case Report: Inadvertent Carotid Artery Injury during Myringotomy as a Result of Carotid Artery Dehiscence
Authors: Schutt Christopher , Dissanaike Sharmila , Marchbanks John
Published: January 2019

We report the case of a 3-year-old girl whose internal carotid artery was pierced during a myringotomy. Postoperative computed tomography demonstrated that the complication was caused by a dehiscent carotid canal wall; contralateral dehiscence was also present. The patient had previously received two sets of middle ear ventilation tubes with no complications. This article addresses the epidemiology and anatomy of carotid dehiscence, and discusses methods to potentially prevent this complication, including screening and imaging modalities.
A Systematic Review of Proton-Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Megwalu Uchechukwu C.
Published: January 2019

Te author performed a MEDLINE literature search to identify and evaluate all randomized, placebo-controlled trials of the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with an oral proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) that have been published since 1966. Eight such trials that included a total of 358 patients were identified. These eight studies contained seven different definitions of LPR. Validity scores (maximum: 9) ranged from 5 to 9 (mean: 7.5). One study investigated low-dose once-daily therapy, two studies investigated low-dose twice-daily therapy, and five studies investigated high-dose twice-daily therapy. Outcomes measures were not consistent among studies, and most studies used unvalidated outcomes measures. Only two studies found that a PPI was significantly better than placebo—one in the low-dose twice-daily group and one in the high-dose twice-daily group. The author concludes that the current body of literature is insufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the efficacy of PPI therapy for the treatment of LPR.
Post-Thyroidectomy Early Serum Ionic Calcium Level: Predictor of Prolonged Hypocalcemia
Authors: Nemade Sanjana V. , Chirmade Atul P.
Published: January 2019

One of the more common complications of thyroid surgery is postoperative hypocalcemia, which is potentially serious. Its clinical manifestations range from minimal twitching to life-threatening tetany. Affected patients might require a prolonged hospital stay and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. In cases of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, it is not always easy to predict which patients will require close monitoring of serum calcium levels. We conducted a study to determine whether early (<24 hr) measurement of serum ionic calcium (SiCa) levels can predict the development of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia. We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 150 adults (144 women and 6 men) who had undergone total or partial thyroidectomy, and we identified 42 patients (all women) who had either transient (<1 mo; n = 27) or prolonged (1 to 6 mo; n = 15) temporary hypocalcemia. We found that the patients who turned out to have prolonged hypocalcemia had significantly lower early levels of SiCa than did the patients who later developed only transient hypocalcemia (p = 0.000002). Also, patients with prolonged hypocalcemia had a significantly higher incidence of serious sequelae, including carpopedal spasms and signs of tetany. We conclude that early measurement of SiCa is a reliable predictor of prolonged temporary hypocalcemia following total or partial thyroidectomy.
Multilevel Treatment of Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Bone-Anchored Pharyngeal Suspension Sutures
Authors: Berg Eric E. , Bunge Frederick , DelGaudio John M.
Published: January 2019

Success rates for the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) vary, with phase I surgical success ranging from 40 to 75%. Pharyngeal suspension suture procedures are minimally invasive techniques with a reported efficacy of 20 to 78%. We conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of pharyngeal suspension suture procedures in conjunction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as a multilevel treatment for OSA. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 30 adults—22 men and 8 women, with a mean age of 49 years and a mean BMI of 30.6—who were treated at a tertiary care academic medical center and a private otolaryngology practice. All patients had moderate or severe OSA, and all had failed continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Of this group, 20 patients underwent tongue base and hyoid suspension (TBHS) and 10 underwent tongue base suspension (TBS) alone; 23 patients had undergone concurrent or previous UPPP, 13 in the TBHS group and all 10 in the TBS group. Polysomnography was performed an average of 3.9 months postoperatively. Surgical success was defined as a reduction in respiratory distress index (RDI) of more than 50% and a postoperative RDI of 20 or less. The overall surgical success rate was 63% (19/30). In the surgical success group, the mean RDI fell from 44.6 to 9.4 ( p < 0.0001); in the surgical failure group, the mean RDI rose from 41.3 to 48.9 ( p = 0.58). There were 6 complications: 3 seromas, 2 suture breaks, and 1 dislodged screw. We conclude that pharyngeal suspension suture procedures as part of the multilevel treatment of moderate and severe OSA yields better outcomes than conventional surgical treatments with the added benefit of being minimally invasive.
Traumatic Tracheostomy and Spent Bullet Aspiration after a Gunshot Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Barasa Jack , Nthumba Peter M. , Bird Peter
Published: January 2019

Penetrating tracheal injuries are rare. Even rarer is the finding of intrabronchial foreign bodies caused by penetrating objects. We report a patient who experienced a gunshot injury to the trachea and mandible. The tracheal wound was debrided and used as a tracheostomy; a spent bullet in the bronchial tree was missed on initial evaluation but later successfully retrieved bronchoscopically. Spent bullet aspiration is a very rare occurrence. A careful examination of radiographs is essential to aid with the diagnosis. Flexible bronchoscopy is the best means of bullet retrieval. Management of any associated injuries is made easier after the airway is secured.
Acoustic Neuroma: An Investigation of Associations between Tumor Size and Diagnostic Delays, Facial Weakness, and Surgical Complications
Authors: Olshan Marc , Srinivasan Visish M. , Landrum Do Tre , Sataloff Robert T.
Published: January 2019

We conducted a retrospective case review to ascertain the clinical characteristics associated with acoustic neuromas and their treatment. Our study population was made up of 96 patients—41 men and 55 women, aged 17 to 84 years (mean: 54)—who had undergone treatment for acoustic neuromas and for whom necessary data were available. We compiled data on presenting symptoms, the interval from symptom onset to diagnosis, tumor size at diagnosis, facial weakness, the interval from diagnosis to surgery, the type of surgical approach, and surgical complications. Our primary goals were to determine if tumor size was correlated to (1) the interval from symptom onset to diagnosis, (2) the degree of preoperative facial weakness, and (3) surgical complications. We also sought to document various other clinical characteristics of these cases. The mean interval from the first symptom to diagnosis was 4.5 years; the time to diagnosis did not correlate with tumor size. Nor was tumor size correlated with the degree of preoperative facial weakness as determined by facial electroneurography. Surgical complications occurred in 15 of the 67 patients who underwent surgery (22.4%), and they did correlate with tumor size. The most common complications were postoperative facial weakness (13.4% of operated patients), cerebrospinal fluid leak (6.0%), and infection (3.0%). Since tumors typically grow about 2 mm per year and since larger tumors are associated with more severe symptoms and surgical complications, we expected that the time to diagnosis would correlate with tumor size, but we found no significant association.
A Study of Adherence to the AAO-HNS “Clinical Practice Guideline: Adult Sinusitis”
Authors: Darrat Ilaaf , Yaremchuk Kathleen , Payne Spencer , Nelson Michelle
Published: January 2019

A retrospective study was conducted to determine if physicians in otolaryngology practice adhered to the clinical practice guideline for adult sinusitis that had been issued by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO–HNS) 3 years earlier. We analyzed data obtained from the charts of 90 adults who had presented to an otolaryngology outpatient department with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), or acute viral rhinosinusitis (AVRS); there were 76 cases of CRS, 11 cases of ABRS, and 3 cases of AVRS. Our goal was to ascertain how closely the treating physician had adhered to the AAO-HNS recommendations with respect to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases. The study group was made up of 10 otolaryngologists. We evaluated 7 clinical practice metrics for CRS, 7 metrics for ABRS, and 3 for AVRS. We found that individual physician adherence rates for cases of CRS ranged from 0 to 100%; average scores for the 7 metrics ranged from 4 to 88%. For cases of ABRS, adherence scores ranged from 0 to 100%; average scores for the 7 metrics ranged from 0 to 41 %. For AVRS, the rate of adherence for all 3 metrics was 0%. This study revealed wide variations in adherence to the AAO-HNS guideline, but overall adherence was generally poor. Adherence appeared to be worse for the acute types of rhinosinusitis than for chronic rhinosinusitis. In view of these findings, a worksheet was developed that clinicians could use to improve compliance with the guidelines.
Using a Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Flap to Prevent Postoperative Pharyngocutaneous Fistula after Total Laryngectomy: A Study of 88 Cases
Authors: Naghibzadeh Masoud , Zojaji Ramin , Majdi Nematollah Mokhtari Amir , Baf Morteza Mazloum Farsi
Published: January 2019

Complications of total laryngectomy can have serious implications for the final outcome of treatment, including pharyngocutaneous fistula. We conducted a retrospective study of surgical techniques to determine how to best prevent or decrease the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula following total laryngectomy. We reviewed the hospital records of all patients who had undergone total laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, from March 1989 through February 2005. We identified 88 such patients—80 men and 8 women. We divided this cohort into two groups according to the type of pharyngeal defect closure they received. A total of 37 patients—31 men and 6 women (mean age: 61.4 ± 5.9 yr) underwent primary closure along with a sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCMM) flap (flap group). The other 51 patients—49 men and 2 women (mean age: 61.3 ± 4.4 yr)—underwent standard primary closure without creation of an SCMM flap (nonflap group). Overall, postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in 9 of the 88 patients (10.2%)—1 case in the flap group (2.7%) and 8 cases in the nonflap group (15.7%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001; odds ratio = 0.612, 95% confidence interval = 0.451 to 0.832), independent of other factors. We found no correlation between fistula development and age (p = 0.073), sex (p = 0.065), or tumor location (p = 0.435). Likewise, we found no correlation between tumor location and either sex (p = 0.140) or age (p = 0.241). We conclude that including an SCMM flap in the surgical process would significantly decrease the development of fistula, regardless of age, sex, and tumor site.
Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Ethmoid Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Jing-pu , Wen Lian-ji , Jin Chun-shun , Liu Yan
Published: January 2019

B-cell lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses is rare. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with proptosis, diplopia, and vision disturbances in the right eye. She was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the ethmoid sinus. We describe the general clinical presentation, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of this entity, and we review the pathology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: Imaging Assessment
Authors: Zuluaga Alejandro , Ocazionez Daniel , Riascos Roy , Palacios Enrique , Restrepo Carlos S.
Published: January 2019

Paragangliomas are uncommon tumors that arise from the parasympathetic neuroectodermal ganglionic cells and have been described in numerous anatomic locations, most commonly in the abdomen. Head and neck paragangliomas are classified into carotid body (most common), vagal, and jugulotympanic types. Computed tomography is the initial imaging modality of choice for the preoperative assessment of the extent of paragangliomas. Magnetic resonance imaging and selective angiography provide more detail of the surrounding tissues and vasculature. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice.
Report of a Rare Case of Carcinoma Arising in a Branchial Cyst
Authors: Anantharajan Natarajan , Ravindranathan Nagamuttu
Published: January 2019

Primary branchiogenic carcinoma is a rare condition. In fact, most of the cases that were previously reported as such were actually cystic metastases of oropharyngeal carcinomas. We report a true case of primary branchial cleft cyst carcinoma. Our patient was a 42-year-old woman who presented with a painless fluctuant swelling in the right side of her neck. The lesion was completely excised, and pathology identified it as a squamous cell carcinoma in a branchial cleft cyst. Patients with this condition require a careful evaluation of the entire head and neck region, especially the oropharynx, to look for any cystic metastasis of the primary tumor.
Lingual Tonsil Abscess with Parapharyngeal Extension: A Case Report
Authors: Coughlin Andrew M. , Baugh Reginald F. , Pine Harold S.
Published: January 2019

Lingual tonsil abscess is a rare disorder previously reported only once in the English literature. Because of their similar structure to that of the palatine tonsils, the lingual tonsils have the propensity to develop infection in the same way. The progression of infection, however, is different in that the lingual tonsils lack a capsule, thus preventing the formation of a peritonsillar abscess. Therefore, the only place for infection to spread is either into the tongue or into the parapharyngeal space. Here we present our experience with the latter, and we provide radiographic evidence of the disease. Lingual tonsil abscess, although rare, is an important potential cause of airway obstruction and must be considered in the case of a sore throat with a normal oropharyngeal exam.
Cochlear Fistula in a Noncholesteatomatous Ear
Authors: Hahn Yoav , Bojrab Dennis I.
Published: January 2019

Bony destruction of the labyrinth is usually associated with long-standing cholesteatomatous otitis media. The promontory is not a common site for bone resorption because (1) it is not an area that is involved in accumulation of cholesteatoma perimatrix substances, (2) it is the densest bone of the human body, and (3) pressure necrosis from overlying tissue is uncommon. We report a case of cochlear erosion associated with noncholesteatomatous middle ear disease. As far as we know, this is only the second such case reported in the literature. We also review decision-making factors and techniques for the safe management of this condition.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of the Mandible: A Rare Malignant Tumor
Authors: Kumar Singh Rakesh , Varshney Saurabh , Singh Bist Sampan , Harsh Meena , Gupta Nitin
Published: January 2019

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCHS) is a highly aggressive, malignant, cartilaginous tumor that represents about 1% of all chondrosarcomas. Only about 50 cases of MCHS of the jaw have been reported in the English-language literature; maxillary tumors are much more common than mandibular tumors. We present a new case of MCHS of the mandible that arose in a 22-year-old woman whose initial two biopsies did not reveal the features of the tumor. The diagnosis was made only after an incisional biopsy.
Clival Fibrous Dysplasia: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Heman-Ackah Selena E. , Boyer Holly , Odland Rick
Published: January 2019

Slightly more than 30 cases of fibrous dysplasia involving the clivus have been reported in the international literature, primarily in the neurosurgery and radiology literature. In this article we present a series of 4 cases involving patients with clival fibrous dysplasia. In a retrospective chart review, 4 patients presenting to tertiary care centers from January 1, 2006, to January 31, 2008, were identified and their presenting symptoms and radiologic findings reviewed. Based on our literature review, we describe the presenting symptoms of patients with clival fibrous dysplasia and characterize the findings of imaging studies associated with this disorder. All patients in this series had a presenting complaint of headache or cranial nerve deficits, which is consistent with previous reports found in our literature review. Additional presenting symptoms that have been reported include dysphagia and a nontender occipital mass; there was also an incidental asymptomatic finding. Magnetic resonance imaging findings are consistent with those associated with fibrous dysplasia at other sites of the body. We conclude that clival involvement in monostotic fibrous dysplasia may not be as rare as previously perceived.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as a Supraglottic Mass
Authors: White Jeremy , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Schwartz Arnold , Bielamowicz Steven
Published: January 2019

We report a rare case of medullary thyroid carcinoma that presented as a metastasis to the supraglottic larynx. A 92-year-old man with a 3-month history of voice change and airway obstruction was diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the supraglottis. Excision of the mass, total thyroidectomy, and elective neck dissection were recommended, but the patient declined because of his advanced age. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is a rare neuroendocrine tumor with a poor prognosis when associated with a distant metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid presenting as a supraglottic mass. Total thyroidectomy, neck dissection, and surgical excision of the entire tumor comprise the treatment of choice.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil Presenting as Otorrhea: A Case Report
Authors: Adil Eelam , Setabutr Dhave , Ghossaini Soha N. , Goldenberg David
Published: January 2019

We describe the case of a 52-year-old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tonsil who presented with right subacute otalgia and otorrhea. Dedicated computed tomography of the temporal bones showed opacification within the mastoid process with destruction of bony mastoid septations consistent with coalescent mastoiditis. Preoperative imaging showed no destruction or expansion of the bony eustachian tube that would indicate that a direct spread had occurred. An urgent cortical mastoidectomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a friable white mass surrounded with purulence and granulation tissue was biopsied and returned as SCC. The discrete metastasis was removed without complication. Postoperatively, the patient was prescribed palliative chemotherapy. This case shows that a metastatic SCC can be masked by an overlying mastoiditis, and thus it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a history of oropharyngeal cancer.
Bilateral Keratin Horns Arising from the Tympanic Membranes: A Case Report
Authors: Phua Chu Qin , Malik Vikas , Sheehan Patrick Zaid
Published: January 2019

A keratin horn is a horn-like projection composed of dense keratotic material. It usually arises in sun-exposed areas of the body. It can be derived from a variety of underlying benign, premalignant, or malignant epidermal lesions. Risk factors associated with malignant change within a keratin horn include a wide base, male sex, and increasing age, in addition to an origin in a sun-exposed area. The mainstay of management is to obtain a biopsy from the base of the horn and subsequent excision if the histopathologic analysis suggests a malignancy. We report an extremely rare case of bilateral keratin horns arising from the tympanic membranes in a 64-year-old woman. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind to be published in the English-language literature.
Palliative Endoscopic Surgery for Sinonasal Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Roberts Jason M. , Brook Christopher , Parnes Steven
Published: January 2019

Cancer metastatic to the paranasal sinuses often presents with ophthalmologic and facial deformities, as well as sinonasal complaints. These diminutive tumors are difficult to effectively treat, often leading to poor quality of life. Although breast cancer is a common cancer affecting more than 150,000 women each year,1 rarely is metastatic breast cancer found within the sinuses. We report our palliative treatment approach and outcomes of a 40-year-old patient with breast cancer metastatic to the paranasal sinuses. While providing a better understanding of this tumor's metastasis through a review of the literature, our report describes the role of palliative surgery for metastases to the paranasal sinuses.
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract with Metastasis to the Liver: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Toe Boon Ping , Ramli Norlisah , Lam Sze Yin , Wong Kum Thong , Prepageran Narayanan
Published: January 2019

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. To date, only 95 cases of sinonasal BSCC have been reported in the English-language literature, and they account for 5% of all cases of head and neck BSCC. We describe what we believe is only the second reported case of a sinonasal tract BSCC that metastasized to the liver. The patient was a 36-year-old woman who presented with right-sided nasal obstruction and a foul-smelling discharge. Clinical examination and imaging identified a large lobulated enhancing mass in the right nasal cavity. Following excision of the mass, the patient was scheduled for radiotherapy. However, before it could be administered, follow-up imaging detected a metastasis to the liver and lung, and the patient was switched to chemotherapy. Initially, she responded well clinically, but at 5 months postoperatively, a follow-up CT showed an increasing metastatic presence in the liver and bone. The patient died of her disease 1 year after surgery.
Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression in Atopic and Nonatopic Patients with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Farhadi Mohammad , Barati Mitra , Tabatabaii Azardokht , Shekarabi Mehdi , Noorbakhsh Samileh , Javadinia Shima
Published: January 2019

The pathogenesis of nasal polyps has been debated for many years. The lymphocytes that infiltrate nasal polyps have been identified as predominantly memory T cells in an activated state, and these cells produce a mixed cytokine pattern of T1 helper (Th1) and T2 helper (Th2) cells. We conducted a prospective study to compare the expression levels of some Th1 and Th2 cytokines in atopic and nonatopic patients. Our study population consisted of 75 adults—42 men and 33 women (mean age: 38 yr)—with nasal polyposis. Patients with an allergy were distinguished from those without an allergy on the basis of the history, the results of skin-prick testing, and measurement of total IgE serum concentrations. Based on these criteria, patients were divided into two groups: atopic (n = 38) and nonatopic (n = 37). Levels of cytokine gene expression in the atopic patients were compared with those of the nonatopic patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in the rate of interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-12 gene expression between the allergic and nonallergic patients. On the other hand, rates of interferon gamma and IL-4 gene expression were significantly higher in the atopic patients (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Our research suggests that an imbalance of Th1 and Th2 cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of nasal polyps. Although nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease associated with several different etiologic factors, chronic persistent inflammation is undoubtedly a major factor, regardless of the specific etiology.
Laryngeal Findings and Acoustic Changes in Light Cigar Smokers
Authors: Hamdan Abdul-latif , Al-Barazi Randa , Ashkar Jihad , Husseini Sami , Dowli Alexander , Fuleihan Nabil
Published: January 2019

The aim of this prospective study was to look at the laryngeal findings and acoustic changes in light cigar smokers in comparison to nonsmokers, in the setting of a voice clinic. A total of 22 cigar smokers and 19 nonsmokers used as controls were enrolled in the study. Demographic data included age, number of years smoking, number of cigars per week, history of allergy, and history of reflux. The confounding effects of allergy and reflux were accounted for in the control group. Subjects underwent laryngeal endoscopy and acoustic analysis. On laryngeal endoscopy, the most common laryngeal finding was thick mucus. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of any of the laryngeal findings in cigar smokers vs. controls. In comparison with the control group, both the fundamental frequency and habitual pitch were significantly lower in cigar smokers (p value = 0.034 and 0.004, respectively). We conclude that cigar smokers have lower fundamental frequency and habitual pitch compared to nonsmokers.
Maxillary Myxoma: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Connor Matthew P. , Neilson Michael , Schmalbach Cecelia E.
Published: January 2019

An odontogenic myxoma is a rare, benign tumor that is found almost exclusively in the facial bones, usually the mandible. The diagnosis poses a challenge because its features overlap with those of other benign and malignant neoplasms. We present an unusual case of odontogenic myxoma that involved the maxilla, and we review the clinical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of this case. Even though it is benign, odontogenic myxoma can be locally invasive and cause significant morbidity. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but it can be challenging because of the tumor's indistinct margins.
Sleep Problems of Adolescents: A Detailed Survey
Authors: Muluk Nuray Bayar , Bulbul Selda Fatma , Turğut Mahmut , Ağirtaş Gülşah
Published: January 2019

We investigated the sleep problems and sleep habits of adolescents at three public primary schools and two high schools. Our study included 428 Turkish school children (244 girls and 184 boys). We used a questionnaire to determine the time they went to sleep at night; waking time in the morning; incidence of nightmares, snoring, daytime sleepiness, and intrafamilial physical trauma; concentration difficulty in class; and school success. The students were divided into age-related groups (group 1 = 11 to 13 years of age; group 2 = 14 to 15 years; group 3 = 16 to 18 years). The time they went to sleep was mostly between 10 and 11 p.m. in groups 1 and 2, and 11 to 12 p.m. in group 3. Difficulty in falling asleep was reported by 16.8 to 19.6% of the students in the three groups. Difficulty in waking up in the morning was reported by 12.7% of group 1, 16.0% of group 2, and 16.8% of group 3. Snoring was present in 12.1% of females and 22.0% of males. The occurrence of one nightmare in the preceding 3 months was reported by 11.3% of the students; 17.9% of the students reported having nightmares several times. Daytime sleepiness was present in 65.1%, and concentration difficulty was present in 56.8% of the students. We conclude that difficulty in falling asleep, snoring, and daytime sleepiness may be seen in adolescents who are in both primary and high schools. Watching inappropriate programs and movies on television and intrafamilial physical trauma may cause nightmares and sleeping problems in these adolescents. Students and families should be educated about the importance of sleep in academic performance. Countries’ public health policies should address sleep problems and related educational activities.
A Novel Method for Reconstruction of Severe Caudal Nasal Septal Deviation: Marionette Septoplasty
Authors: Kayabasoglu Gurkan , Nacar Alpen , Yilmaz Mahmut Sinan , Altundag Aytug , Guven Mehmet
Published: January 2019

We conducted a retrospective study to compare open and endonasal (closed) approaches to extracorporeal reconstruction of severe caudal septal deviations. From January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2013, 78 patients with severe caudal septal deviation underwent corrective surgery at our hospital. Of this group, 33 patients (mean age: 32 yr) underwent extracorporeal septoplasty via an open approach, and 45 patients (mean age: 35 yr) underwent treatment with a new procedure that we developed: subtotal extracorporeal septoplasty through a closed approach, which we call “marionette septoplasty.” In addition to demographic data, we compiled information on surgical time, the duration of postoperative edema, the degree of postoperative pain, and differences between pre- and postoperative nasal function and tip support in both groups. We found that our marionette septoplasty procedure required significantly less surgical time and resulted in a significantly shorter duration of postoperative edema than did open septoplasty, while there was no statistically significant difference between the two procedures in the degree of pain. Following surgery, nasal function in both groups improved significantly, without any significant difference between the two. Finally, we documented improved tip support in all 78 patients. Our results show that marionette septoplasty produces the same functional results as does open septoplasty while requiring less surgical time and shortening the healing period.
A Rare Case of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcoma NOS) of the Vocal Fold
Authors: Kim Jin Pyeong , Kim Jin Yong , Ko Gyung Hyuck , Woo Seung Hoon
Published: January 2019

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, also known as pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma not otherwise specified, arises in numerous organs. The first-line treatment is complete excision of the mass, but in some cases postoperative chemo- and/or radiotherapy is recommended. Only a few cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the vocal fold have been previously reported in the literature. We report a new case, which originated in the true vocal fold of a 65-year-old man. The mass was removed via CO2 laser excision with preservation of the vocal fold and without the need for further treatment. At 3 years of follow-up, the patient remained recurrence-free.
Anthracosis: An Unusual Cause of Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Aydin Sedat , Celebi Ozlem , Kiroglu Merve , Demir Mehmet Gökhan
Published: January 2019

Anthracotic pigmentation in the bronchial mucosa is a bronchoscopic finding of pneumoconiosis, or evidence of heavy atmospheric soot. This pigmentation in the tracheobronchial mucosa is surrounded by calcified or noncalcified lymph nodes. Anthracosis is not a previously known cause of left vocal fold paralysis. We present what we believe to be the first reported case of anthracosis-caused vocal fold paralysis.
Sweet syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Contrucci Robert B. , Martin Donna Bilu
Published: January 2019

Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is a disorder of unknown etiology. It has been associated with autoimmune processes, malignancies, infections, drug reactions, and gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. We describe the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with severe pain in his tongue and throat and referred pain in his right ear, along with odynophagia, fever, and hoarseness of 48 hours'duration. An oral and oropharyngeal examination revealed the presence of aphthous ulcerations, as well as a 3 × 3-cm raised inflammatory lesion on the right anterior lateral tongue and a 5 × 5-mm bulla on the hard palate in the midline. In addition, erythematous papules and macules were noted on his face, neck, and extremities. Cultures, a biopsy, and laboratory tests yielded a diagnosis of Sweet syndrome. The patient was prescribed oral prednisone, and his signs and symptoms resolved within 2 months. Although Sweet syndrome is uncommon, even in dermatology practice, its head and neck and oral manifestations and its association with paraneoplastic disease warrant the need for otolaryngologists to be aware of the condition.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis as a Complication of Acute Epiglottitis Managed with Minimally Aggressive Surgical Intervention: Case Report
Authors: Gollapalli Rajesh Babu , Naiman Ana Nusa , Merry David
Published: January 2019

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis secondary to epiglottitis is rare. The standard treatment of this severe condition has long been early and aggressive surgical debridement and adequate antimicrobial therapy. We report the case of an immunocompetent 59-year-old man who developed cervical necrotizing fasciitis as a complication of acute epiglottitis. We were able to successfully manage this patient with conservative surgical treatment (incision and drainage, in addition to antibiotic therapy) that did not involve aggressive debridement.
Cervical Lipoblastoma: An Uncommon Presentation
Authors: Jaafar Rohaizam , Ping Tang Ing , Hui Doris Evelyn Jong Yah , Narihan Mohammad Zulkarnaen Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Lipoblastoma is extremely rare and mainly occurs in children younger than 3 years old. It is predominantly found in the extremities and trunk. Head and neck region occurrences are rare; only 4 such cases involving patients who presented with stridor have been previously reported. We report the fifth case of lipoblastoma of the neck with stridor in a 9-year-old girl, which had gradually worsened over the previous year. Imaging showed a retrotracheal mass extending superiorly to the thyroid level and inferiorly to below the carina of the trachea. Total resection of the tumor was performed, and the histopathologic findings were consistent with lipoblastoma. Postoperatively, the patient was well with no complications.