bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Multiple Recesses on Limb Movement Patterns in Children: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Webb G. Kate , Rhea Deborah J.
Published: September 2023

Background: Inactivity levels among elementary-aged children are climbing at alarming rates, as only 24% participate in the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Limb movements during children’s active time are essential for heart, bone, and muscle health, setting the stage for an overall active and healthy life. School recess, defined as child-directed, outdoor play, is optimal for children to accumulate many types and repetitions of limb movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use the Movement Pattern Observation Tool (MPOT) to determine the impact of varying amounts of daily recess on elementary-aged children’s limb movement patterns. It was hypothesized that children who participate in 60 minutes of daily recess would accumulate significantly more limb movements and specifically, contralateral movements as they advance in grades.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study used the MPOT to observe grades K-2 children from two schools offering one twenty-minute recess daily and two schools offering four 15-minute recesses daily. The researchers observed 3,023 children’s limb movements during recess across the schools. There were 36 total observation scans completed for the four schools observed.

Results: Children who received 60 minutes of recess maintained significantly higher activity levels and contralateral movements as they advanced by grade. Additionally, on average 96% of all children utilized unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral limb movements when observed.

Conclusion: When given the opportunity, most children will utilize recess in a way that is beneficial for off-setting inactivity trends and is instrumental for a healthy mind-body connection as they age.
Examining the Effects of Perceptions of Voter Suppression and Voter Fraud on Support for Voter Identification Laws in the United States
Authors: Basham Sherah L. , Acuff Christopher , Iles Gale , Brown Samuel L. , Hyppolite Jennah
Published: September 2023

Democracy is fundamentally grounded in the people's right to vote, but what happens when the same mechanisms meant to protect the electoral process become barriers? This study examined the relationship between perceptions of voter suppression and voter fraud and support for voter restrictions, such as requiring identification to vote. The study utilized data from the American National Election Studies 2020 Times Series Study, examining a sample of 5,264 voters. Results revealed that voter support for voter ID laws depends on their perceptions of voter integrity and suppression. The more confidence voters have in the integrity of elections and the more they believe in voter suppression, the less likely they are to support voter identification requirements. Other demographic factors are considered.
Revisiting the Theory of Broken Windows Policing
Authors: Piston Spencer
Published: September 2023

How has the academy contributed to the horrors of policing in the United States? While many scholars study policing, few do so from a self-reflective position, which would examine how the production of knowledge has often legitimized policing’s harms. As part of a larger effort to encourage researchers to come to terms with the role we have played in facilitating contemporary atrocities, here I reconsider political scientist James Q. Wilson and criminologist George L. Kelling’s 1982 “Broken Windows” essay, as well as its intellectual legacy. Their essay is best known for speculating that police foot-patrols, by cracking down on low-level offenses, will reduce serious crime. While this speculation has become the subject of much public and academic debate, the relationship between policing and crime is only a secondary point in the article. Unfortunately, focusing on this secondary point has led scholarly and public discourse to distort the essay’s arguments. I correct this distortion through a close reading of the essay. Wilson and Kelling argue that the primary objective of the police should be to maintain order rather than to prevent crime or even to enforce the law. As such, police should discourage behavior inconsistent with neighborhood standards (even if it is not criminal) and should also remove “disorderly” people from public life (even if they are not breaking the law). Indeed, Wilson and Kelling actually endorse illegal actions in certain instances: when these actions are committed by either police or vigilantes to fashion and maintain the authoritarian, classist, ableist, and racist order that the authors envision. After discussing how an accurate understanding of the original “Broken Windows” article has the potential to reorient contemporary studies policing, I conclude by locating broken windows theory as an important member of a family of harmful ideas, generated by academics, that have underwritten a wide range of authoritarian policing practices.
Prevalence of Diseases and Disorders of Large Ruminant in Moulvibazar Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh
Authors: Das Moumita , Sharma Binayok , Irtija Ahsan Md. , Akter Sharmin
Published: September 2023

A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted at Sadar Upazila of Moulvibazar district from January 2018 through December 2018 to explore the prevalence of different cattle diseases and disorders based on Upazila Veterinary Hospital register data. The information regarding the animal's age, sex, breed, and date of treatment was collected passively from the registered patient. A total of 10434 cases record were evaluated. Diseases were categorized into seven different classes, where parasitic and protozoal diseases showed the highest magnitude (47.78%). Fascioliasis has been estimated most frequent complaint parasitic cases with a prevalence of 20.87% (95% CI: 20.10- 21.67). Prevalence of FMD (6.12%; 95% CI: 5.67-6.60) was highest among all infectious diseases. The overall disease prevalence was higher in the rainy season (43.80%), followed by winter and summer seasons. Infectious disease prevalence was significantly higher in males (12.79%) than females (8.86%); Red Chittagong Cattle (24.69%) than crossbred (9.45%) and local cattle (10.73%); and in the rainy season (12.12%) than summer (9.50%) and winter season (10.14%). Prevalence of parasitic and protozoal disease was higher in females (51.42%) than in males (43.64%); local cattle (52.32%) than Red Chittagong Cattle (7.00%) and Crossbred (46.45%); and the rainy season (64.76%) than summer (31.11%) and winter (37.00%). Findings of the present study will provide information about disease burden and help make informed decisions and necessary steps to control the diseases and disorders in the study area. Further, outcomes will act as baseline information and pave the road to further epidemiological study in the selected region.
Formulation of total mixed ration (TMR) for commercial dairy farms
Authors: Emran Hossain Md. , Kumar Debnath Goutam , Akter Nasima , Chanda Tanni , Farhad Hossain Md. , Sultan Nahid , Masuduzzaman5 Md.
Published: September 2023

The Total Mixed Ration (TMR) is an effective and profitable way to supply all the required nutrients uniformly in each bite of the dairy animal to optimize farm inputs for a desired level of milk production. The TMR makes it easy to set realistic goals for sustainable milk production from healthy, productive and fertile dairy cows by meeting their nutrient requirements in more accurate way than the conventional approaches. The TMR reduces feed sorting, optimizes intake of dietary fiber, soluble starch, degradable and non-degradable proteins in the rumen, and thus, enhances dry matter intake, optimizes feed utilization, lowers ruminal acidosis and eventually improves lipid profile of milk for human consumption. This paper typically discusses the step by step procedures involved in setting variable milk targets and demonstrates easy and accurate way of calculating how much locally available feed is required to achieve the desired production targets. It takes into consideration the concrete guidelines of Agricultural Research Council for developing countries. Inevitable drawbacks of adopting TMRs in small scale dairy farms are also discussed and suggestions provided to overcome.
https://bjvas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/BJVAS-2020-2005.pdf
Authors: Rayhan Faruque Md. , Ahad , Abdul , Forhad Hossain Md. , Sayeed Abu , Ahasanul Hoque Md.
Published: September 2023

Brucella, a Gram – (ve) bacterium, causes late abortion in dairy cattle. The genus Brucella has six recognized species on the basis of host specificity but the greatest economic impact results from Brucella abortus. Brucellosis is considered as one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Office International des Epizooties (The World Organization for Animal Health, OIE). It is an important zoonotic disease which causes significant losses in reproduction of sexually mature animals. In pregnant cows, brucellosis is characterized by late abortion, birth of weak calves, stillbirths and infertility. Therefore, a cross – sectional study was conducted in commercial dairy cattle in Bangladesh to describe the epidemiological scenario of Brucella. Nineteen upazillas (sub – districts) from 12 districts of 7 divisions were randomly chosen for the study. A total 44 dairy cattle farm, 1 – 6 farms per upazilla was recruited based on the presence of abortion history within past six months. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information through face to face interview and direct observation. Blood samples and aborted fetuses were collected for laboratory evaluation. Aborted fetuses were collected only from Chattogram Metro. Sero –positivity for Brucella abortus was evaluated on the samples obtained using OIE protocol based iELISA technique. Aborted fetus was evaluated through bacteriological culturing followed by PCR. The overall sero – prevalence of Brucella was 1.50 in dairy cattle of Bangladesh (Herd level and individual level). In this study, iELISA is more specific and sensitive for the detecting the Brucella antibody. PCR gives more accurate and precious results for detecting Brucella abortus .
Day long Activities of Indian Blue Peafowl in Bangladesh National Zoo
Authors: Faruk Miazi Omar , Miah Gous , Mahmudul Hassan Mohammad , Jalil M. A. , Monirul Hasan Khan Mohammad
Published: September 2023

The research work was carried out from July 2016 to June 2017 to explore the day long activities of Indian Blue Peafowl habitat at Bangladesh National Zoo. The objectives of the study were to understand the biological activities that happen in a day of this nice creature across different season. For this purpose we gave selected equal number of (n= 10) adult peacocks and peahens. . Total day time used by several activities in winter was found 10.51 hour. Peacock spent most of their diurnal time budget (28.10%) in resting state in winter .Feeding and displaying time was 1.74 hour and 1.25 hour respectively of the total day time .Without this percentage of preening time and walking time spent by the Peacock was 11.99 hour and 17.32 hour in winter. Resting, feeding and walking time spent by the Peahen are 3.02 hour, 2.25 hour and 2.03 hour respectively in winter. Roaming time Peahen is lower 0.88 hour than displaying time of Peacock. In the spring, the total time of several biological activities of Peafowl was found 11.54 hour. Resting time, walking time, displaying time and feeding time were 3.10 hour, 1.98 hour, 1.94 hour and 1.85 hour respectively in spring for Peacock. The percentage of resting and feeding time was higher compare to other two seasons and it was 28.34 and 21.66 hour of diurnal time budget for Peahen in spring. Roaming time was found 9.36% of the total day time and time of walking in the day was 2.08 hour for Peahen in spring. Total day time was found 13.15 hour in summer spent by the Indian blue peafowl in several activities. In the summer day time is long so all activities take more time compared to others seasons. Time spent on various behaviours by peacocks during day time in summer resting time, displaying time, feeding time and walking time were 26.92%, 16.65%, 16.05% and 16.20%, respectively. In summer the Peahen spends more time (3.55 hour) in resting and less time (0.83 hour) in calling and a big percentage of time 18.40, 17.64 and 13.92 were spent by the Peahen in summer for walking, feeding and roaming respectively. Resting, walking and feeding time was found higher in summer season because day length is more comparing to winter and spring season. Roosting and preening time are same 1.10 hour for Peahen in summer. Resting time is the highest and calling time is the lowest for Peacock and Peahen in all seasons. In conclusion we can say that day long activities vary based on season and sex
Yield Performance, Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Economic Viability of Farmed Oyster (Crassostrea spp.) in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Minhaz Tashrif , Khatoon Helena , Sarker Joyshri , Nurul Absar Khan Mohammed , Abdul Alim Md , Khalequzzaman SM , Rahman Md Maksudur , Islam Zahidul , Afruj Jinat , Shahadat Hossain Md
Published: September 2023

Oyster meat is consumed for its high nutritional value. Marine oysters (several species under the genus Crassostrea) have been commercially cultured long since around the world to satisfy the increased demand of oyster. Bangladesh has taken approaches to initiate oyster mariculture. Three pilot commercial oyster (Crassostrea spp.) farms were constructed by District Fisheries Office, Cox’s Bazar at Nunia Chara (NC – 21°28ˈ19.5" N, 91°57ˈ42.7" E), Chowfoldandy (CD – 21°30ˈ44.1" N, 92°01ˈ00.1" E) and Sonadia Island (SI – 21°30ˈ18.7" N, 91°53ˈ43.3" E) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Live oysters were collected from the farm and taken to the laboratory maintaining cold chain to analyse proximate and fatty acids. Data on yield as well as cost-benefit were collected from the District Fisheries Office, Cox’s Bazar to analyse yield performance and economic viability. Biological yield was observed 19.9 ± 5.7 kg/m2 and economic yield was observed 11.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2 . Moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and fiber was found 79.2 ± 0.2%, 58.1 ± 2.1%, 10.2 ± 0.7%, 13.5 ± 1.4%, 12.3 ± 0.7% and 0.4 ± 0.0%, respectively, while moisture was determined in wet weight basis and rests were determined in dry weight basis. Saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were observed 35.22 ± 10.91%, 13.77 ± 4.36%, 7.39 ± 4.00%, 43.62 ± 19.21, 51.01 ± 15.23% of total fatty acid, respectively. Annual net profit of the farms was found 34557 ± 5636 BDT and payback period was found 2.6 ± 0.4 years. Thus, oyster farming was found to be potential for high food value as well as an economically viable oyster farm enterprise.
Extraction and Properties Evaluation of Chitin and Chitosan Prepared from Different Crustacean Waste
Authors: Nawar Tamzi Nafisa , Faisal Md , Sultana Tahsin , Kumar Ghosh Subrata
Published: September 2023

Chitin and chitosan are the most widely used raw material as biocompatible product that is naturally available in different crustacean shells. The aims of this research were the production of chitin and chitosan from crustacean waste, and analyze their quality based on proximate composition, WBC, FBC, solubility, pH, and DDA. Chitin and chitosan were prepared from the waste of three crustacean species viz., P. monodon, M. rosenbergii, and S. serrate through a chemical treatment. The yield of prepared chitin and chitosan were varied from 10.43-12.32% and 4.57-5.78% respectively, with pH ranged from 7.1-7.9. The physical appearance of chitin and chitosan, based on color was found yellowish white and bright off-white respectively. Chitosan from M. rosenbergii shell was showed high water binding capacity (420%) and fat binding capacity (276%) than chitosan prepared from other shells. The solubility of chitin in 1% acetic acid solution was very low (20- 39%) due to the presence of the acetyl group. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was determined by the acid-titration method and it was found high (87%) in chitosan prepared from M. rosenbergii shell. The DDA value obtained from chitosan was high ranged from 69-87%, while the solubility of chitosan achieved up to 96%. For determining the quality changes both chitin and chitosan were stored at ambient temperature in air-tight condition. There was a little much changes in moisture and solubility remain unchanged in chitin and chitosan structure. The quality of chitin and chitosan prepared from M. rosenbergii shell showed the better quality among the above mentioned three sources. Beside this, the present research result also indicates that the chitin and chitosan prepared from different crustacean waste could be utilized as a raw product for different food and pharmaceutical industry.
Role of women in household income through small ruminant rearing at Chattogram district of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Sumy Meherunnesa , Manirul Islam Md. , Azmal Huda Fakir
Published: September 2023

Rural women play a key role in small ruminant (sheep and goat) production. The present study was carried out at Chattogram district of Bangladesh to investigate the role of women in household income through small ruminant rearing. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two upazilas from Chattogram district and three villages from each upazila based on density of small ruminant population. A total of sixty respondents (where 30 from each upazila) were selected following random sampling method. Data were collected from the respondents using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multiple log linear regression model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that highest proportion (28%) of women were in 45-54 age group and nearly half (46%) of the respondents were primary educated. The results revealed that average family size and farm size of respondents were 5.07 number and 0.27 acre, respectively. About 52% women earned BDT 12000-21000 per annum through small ruminant rearing. The results also indicates that income from sheep and goat, family size and farm size have positive and significant effect (P<0.01) on household income. Experience has also positive and significant relationship (P<0.05) with household income. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) was 0.561 implies that about 56 percent of the variation of household income was explained by the set of explanatory variables in the model. Women faced some constraints, such as diseases, problem of thief, lack of capital, lack of land, high feed cost, lack of space, lack of training, lack of good variety, market price fluctuation and distance of market for small ruminant rearing. If proper environment and facilities can be ensured, women would contribute more to their family as well as the national economy.
Effects of probiotics (bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis) on the performance and antimicrobial activity of broiler chicken
Authors: Imran Hossain Md. , Mufazzal Hossain Md. , Mahfuj Ullah Patoary Md.
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of probiotics on the performance and antimicrobial activity of broiler. A total of 300 oneday old of Cobb-500 broiler chicks were divided into five experimental groups (T1-T5) in completely randomized design with six replicates as ten chicks in each replication. One of the five experimental groups fed diet without probiotic was as control (T1) and the remaining four groups fed diet with 4 levels of commercial probiotics were 20g BS/metric ton feed (T2), 50g BS/metric ton feed (T3), 20g BL/metric ton feed (T4) and 50g BL/metric ton feed (T5). Among the groups, T5 showed significantly (P˂0.05) higher body weight and lower feed intake than the others. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in all probiotic treated groups compared to the control and the best FCR was found in T5 group. The weight of breast, wing and giblet was significantly (P
Efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris beads in improving water quality and growth of juvenile siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)
Authors: Khatoon Helena , Yoke Leng Mok , Redwanur Rahman Mohammad , Sarker , Joyshri , Mahmud Minhaz Tashrif , Sultana Razia , Nayma Zannatul , Ara Mukta Fardous
Published: September 2023

Water quality in aquaculture has been considered to be an important factor that influences the growth and survival of fish in nursery to growout phase. A microalga, Chlorella vulgaris is utilized to filter chemical substances to maintain optimum water quality and growth of fish. The present study was conducted to know the efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris in maintaining water quality and growth of juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). As nutrient utilization capacity of immobilized microalgae is higher than the free floating microalgae, the experiment was consisted of 4 treatments which were control (blank beads), low (4-5 beads/mL) (T1), medium (10-12 beads/mL) (T2) and high (15-16 beads/mL) (T3) concentration of microalgae beads. It has been found that, in the control treatment, ammonium concentration initially reduced in medium rate (1.5 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L) but become slower (0.8 mg/L to 0.7 mg/L) in later days. But in first four days, reduction of ammonium and nitrite concentration was followed by T3, T2, and T1 and from day five to seven, both were slightly higher than previous day. On the other hand, PO4 3+ showed great reduction (60 mg/L) than the other treatment tanks. Highest SGR found in algal beads containing treatments than control treatment which were recorded as 4.58, 4.61, 4.57 and 3.60 in T1, T2, T3 and control treatment respectively. Results showed that, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in TAN, NO2-N, PO4-P, pH, DO and temperature among the microalgae beads containing treatments but significant difference (p < 0.05) found among control and microalgae beads containing treatments. It has been recommended to study economic feasibility of using microalgae beads to maintain the water quality in commercially important ornamental and aquaculture species especially in fish and shrimp hatchery for the larval rearing.
Evaluation of tibial fracture management by using dynamic compression plating with two proximal and two distal cortical screws- a case report in dog
Authors: Chandra Das Bhajan , Zarin Tasnim Bristi Sabiha , Paul Thomby , Sarker Debashish , Kumar Yadav Saroj , Chandra Sutradhar Bibek
Published: September 2023

Tibio-fibular fractures are very common in dog and cat. Such fractures are usually corrected by either internal or external fixation method. Internal fixation like dynamic compression plating with a minimum of total six to ten cortical screws is usually used for the management tibial fracture in dog. The objective of the present case study is to evaluate the efficacy of dynamic compression plating with a minimum of two cortical screws in each proximal and distal fracture fragments. The clinical case was performed in a five month old indigenous intact female dog weighing 12 kg which was suffering from mid-shaft left comminuted tibia and fibular fracture. Lameness grade, functional limb outcome and fracture healing were observed for the final outcome of dog. At 30th post-operative day, lameness grade was improved, functional limb outcome was excellent and progressive secondary bone healing was noticed without any complications.
Salt poisoning in sheep at Noakhali coastal area of BangladeshA case report
Authors: Sahab Uddin Mohammad , Hossain Shaikat Amir , Abdul Jabbar Mohammad , Moktader Mowla Mohammad , Demaine Hervey , Sultana Shahnaz , Saifuddin AKM , Azizul Islam SKM
Published: September 2023

Salt poisoning in livestock especially in coastal area is due to tidal upsurge which caused huge mortality. Acute salt poisoning was happened in sheep, Noakhali coastal area. The cases of poisoning were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs including abnormal enlargement below the jaw and surrounding of the eye, thirst, diarrahoea in early stage, nervous signs like tremor, circling and followed by electrolyte analysis of serum of affected and non-affected sheep, water and soil of that particular region. The electrolytes including magnesium, potassium and chloride were tested using commercial kits through biochemical analyzer (Humalyzer 3000®). Upon analysis, serum magnesium (2.28±.62 vs 1.05±.44 mEq /dl; case vs control); potassium (2.35±.06 vs 1.9±.08 mmol/l; case vs control); and chloride (121.9±4.51 vs 112.58±4.29 mmol/l; case vs control) levels were found higher in affected sheep than non-affected sheep. In conclusion, serum electrolytes imbalance in sheep caused from acute salt toxicity.
Analysis of poultry waste management system among selected farmers of Bagmara upazila, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Debashish , Akter Nasima , Akter Marjina
Published: September 2023

This study was undertaken to evaluate the waste management practices among the poultry farmers of Bagmara Upazila, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 31 commercial poultry farm was considered for this study. A structured questionnaire was developed to obtain information on farmers' demographic characters, farm management, biosecurity, waste management practices. The majority of the farm owner used cage rearing (87.10%) systems for the layer. Broiler and turkey were reared in shelf (9.68%) and floor (3.23 %) systems, respectively. Most (96.77%) of the farm owners were male, and among them, 58.1 % had a secondary school certificate. Around 38.7% of farmers age was between 25 to 36 years. There was no foot bath in 97.77% of the farms. A majority (61.29%) of the farm owners threw dead birds near the farm, while only 32.26% buried the dead birds. There was no proper sewage disposal system in the majority of the (96.2%) farms. Farmers did not receive any training about farm management and biosecurity practices. A majority percentage of farmers were unaware of the risk of water (80.6%) and soil pollution (83.9%) from poultry waste. The educational level of farmers influenced (P
Effect of the fermented total mixed ration on in-vitro gas production and digestibility in cattle
Authors: Ahammed Bashir , Alam Jahangir , Shubho Ashaduzzaman , Ali Biswas Ashraf
Published: September 2023

In this study, Experiments were conducted to evaluate the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) and total mixed ration (TMR) by rumen in in vitro fermentation technique and their effects on methane (CH4) emission and digestibility measurement. Ruminal samples were collected from ruminal digesta and grind TMR feed used as a substrate. There were four diets, one was without molasses-yeast mixture (control), another was in addition of molasses at 0.1% inclusion rate (T1) and the other two were in addition of molasses-yeast mixture at 0.1% (T2) and 0.3% (T3) inclusion rate. The present study indicated that there was significant (p
Comparative performance of high yielding crossbred dairy cows reared at different farms level in Chattogram metropolitan area of Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Gous , Saha Dipto , Shaha Mishuk , Kabirul Islam Khan , Md. , Faruk Miazi Omar , Das Ashutosh
Published: September 2023

Progress of production in dairy cattle is frequently considered possible by either improving the genetic merit and/or by husbandry practices. The study aims to evaluate of productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows considering genotype at different selected dairy farms in Chattogram metropolitan area. A total of 80 crossbred dairy cows belong to four different genetic groups eg. Friesian × Local, Friesian × Jersey, Friesian × Sahiwal (25%) and Friesian × Sahiwal (50%) were randomly selected and their information regarding milk yield and other reproductive parameters were collected from farm record for a period of last five years (January 2015 to March 2019). The overall age at 1st heat and age at 1st calving differ significantly (p0.05) was found in case of service per conception and calving interval. A significant difference (p
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in aquaculture wastewater as alternative nutrient source and better treatment process
Authors: Zaman Usha Sabiha , Redwanur Rahman Mohammad , Sarker Joyshri , Jahedul Hasan Shanur , Sultana Razia , Nayma , Zannatul , Ara Mukta Fardous , Khatoon Helena
Published: September 2023

Together with the fastest growing of aquaculture production, aquaculture industry also produces a large amount of wastewater that results in not only eutrophication of waterbody but also increases the aquaculture cost and threatening global sustainability. To overcome those barriers in the aquaculture industry, application of microalgae for wastewater remediation, biomass production to produce value added products, and water quality control have been devoted as microalgae assimilate nutrients in a eutrophic water body and a good way for wastewater remediation. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and nutritional profile of Chlorella vulgaris culture in different percentage of aquaculture wastewater (ww) in combination with Conway media. For the experiment, C. vulgaris was cultivated in different wastewater concentration such as 25% ww + 75% Conway media (T2); 50% ww + 50% Conway media (T3); 75% ww + 25% Conway media (T4); 100% ww (T5) and 100% Conway media, considered as control (T1). The results of this study showed that the growth of C. vulgaris, in terms of cell density and optical density were maximum at day 5 in T3 (50% wastewater) and was significantly (p > 0.05) higher (4.33x106 cellsml-1 ) (0.400 Abs) compared to the other treatments. Highest amount of protein content was found in Conway media (T1) (42.69 % dry weight) whereas lipid content was highest in 100 % ww (17 % dry weight) and then in 75 % ww treatment (16 % dry weight) and carbohydrate content was maximum in T3 treatment (24 % dry weight) which were significantly higher (p > 0.05) then the other treatments. The study indicates that media enriched with aquaculture wastewater can enhance the cell growth and nutrient values of C. vulgaris which is a cost effective and environment friendly approach to minimize aquaculture waste loading in water body.
Effect of hormonal masculinization on growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hasanuzzaman  , Delwer Hossain , Md. , Rana Saifuddin , Khanom Dil Afroza , Ahmad Al Nahid Sk.
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted in the Meridian hatchery, Sonagazi, Feni, to evaluate the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone hormone on the growth performance of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus). Brood fishes were collected from NAMSAI farm, Thailand and BFRI, Bangladesh and then stocked in the breeding hapa. A total of 1600 brood fishes were used in 10 hapas where stocking density was maintained at 5 fishes/ sq. m and sex ratio was maintained at 3:1. Eggs were collected from the fish mouth, disinfected and finally placed on the hatching trays and jars. The hatched larvae were placed in the 12 SRT tank and different doses of 17α-methyltestosterone hormone applied. The experimental treatments were T0 (Control, without MT), T1 (50 mg MT/kg), T2 (60 mg MT/kg), T3 (80 mg MT/Kg) and each treatment had three replications. The study showed significantly higher growth performance in the T2 treatment. The results showed that the mean weight of fish was significantly higher under T2 (533.5±1.249 g), mean length was under T2 (29.97±0.153 cm) and SGR was under T2 (4.259±0.0013) in comparison with the other three treatments. The highest survival rate 87.6% was obtained in T2. The highest value of FCR (1.8) was observed in T1 and the lowest (1.2) was in both T2, T3, respectively. The highest sex reverse percentage was found in T2 (98%) followed by T3 (97.883%) and T1 (77.833%). There was a strong interaction between 17α-methyltestosterone hormone and growth performance and sex reversal of Nile Tilapia (p < 0.05, n=4). This study suggests that the use of 17α-methyltestosterone hormone can improve the growth performance of Nile Tilapia.
Morphology and morphometric analysis of bones of the forelimb of giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Jahan Sadia , Shahriar Hasan Sohel Md. , Lutfur Rahman Mohammad
Published: September 2023

We studied the bones of forelimb of male giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) to record the gross anatomical and morphometrical features of the scapula, humerus, radius and ulna. We observed some unique anatomical features that will be helpful for radiographic interpretation and forensic investigations. For this purpose all the bones of thoracic limb were collected timely from the burial ground, identified by their morphological features and finally measured after processing with chemicals. The scapula was a triangular flat bone and the lateral surface of scapula was unequally divided into supraspinous (fossa supraspinata) and infraspinous fossa (fossa infraspinata) by a welldeveloped spine (spina scapulae). The humerus was a major and massive bone in the appendicular skeleton to bear the total body weight. The average length of humerus was 56.17 cm that run from the shoulder to the elbow. It possessed a cylindrical diaphysis which was somewhat compressed laterally and two enlarged epiphysis namely-proximal epiphysis and distal epiphysis. The humeral head (coput humeri) was long and strongly curved cranio-caudally; while the distal end had condyles (condylus) and epicondyles (epicondylud laterialis). The radius and ulna were twin bones where radius was articulated craniolateral to the ulna proximally and craniomedial to the ulna distally. However, the ulna was the longest bone in the forelimb of giraffe. These bones were entirely fused in giraffe except two places namely- proximal and distal interosseous spaces
Electronic Health Record Usage in an Academic Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Practice
Authors: Como Christopher J. , Flanagan Meredith , Cong Guang-Ting , Como Matthew , Hughes Jonathan D. , Rabuck Stephen J. , Lesniak Bryson P. , Lin Albert
Published: September 2023

Background

While the relationship between electronic health record usage and physician burnout has been investigated in other specialties, no reports exist for orthopaedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time spent on the electronic health record compared to actual patient interaction in four busy orthopaedic outpatient clinics.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that surgeons would spend as much time on the electronic health record as they do interacting with patients on a typical clinic day.

Methods

Four busy academic orthopaedic surgeons (Surgeon 1, 2, 3, and 4) at a tertiary academic institution were each followed on clinic days to determine their total time spent on Epic Hyperspace electronic health record as compared to face-to-face interactions with patients. A research assistant recorded the amount of time each surgeon spent dictating notes, writing orders, or replying to clinical inbox messages (electronic health record time) and how much time was spent on loading screens or electronic health record buffering (loading time) during which no actions could be completed.

Results

Surgeon 1 spent an average of 63% of their clinic days using the electronic health record. Surgeon 2 spent 50% of their time on the computer. Surgeon 3 spent 35% of his days on the computer. Surgeon 4 spent 46% of his days on the computer.

Conclusion

Approximately half of each surgeon’s clinic time was spent using the electronic health record. Given the known influence of electronic health record usage on orthopaedic surgeon burnout, this is an issue that needs to be addressed. The solution likely involves a multifactorial approach, including changes to electronic health records, widespread use of scribes or advanced care teams, work hour limitations, and mindfulness training for residents and faculty. Information technology quality improvements can be made to EHRs that include reducing or eliminating unnecessary information displayed on screen, providing more abundant and accessible EHR training and on-site technical support, and a more streamlined software interface that eliminates unnecessary typing and clicks to improve charting flow and efficiency.

Level of Evidence

Level IV Descriptive Study
First three-dimensional tracks for the Ascension Frigatebird Fregata aquila highlight the importance of altitude for behavioural studies
Authors: Clark Bethany , Handby Tess , Leat Eliza , Weber Sam
Published: September 2023

Identifying at-sea foraging areas is a longstanding goal for seabird ecology and conservation. GPS tracks can reveal behaviour because slow, tortuous flight often indicates searching linked to feeding attempts, but two-dimensional (2D) paths may oversimplify three-dimensional (3D) flight. Here, we present the first 3D tracks for Ascension Frigatebirds Fregata aquila and assess whether incorporating flight altitude improves our ability to describe putative behavioural states. We compare results using altitude derived from GPS loggers and barometric altimeters deployed simultaneously. Tracked birds (three females) travelled at a mean altitude of 178 m and attained maximum heights of 1,658–1,871 m (measured by barometric altimeters). Hidden Markov models based on 2D tracks defined three states (interpreted as ‘search’, ‘slow travel’ and ‘fast travel’). However, with 59.5% of locations defined as ‘search’, identifying the most important foraging hotspots would be challenging. Including altitude was informative, allowing models to define two further states by introducing high-altitude ‘soaring/thermalling’ behaviour (3.4% of locations) and dividing ‘search’ into mid-altitude (44.7%) and low-altitude (12.2%), the latter being more likely to represent prey capture. Barometric altitude was less prone to large errors than GPS, but GPS altitude was highly correlated (r = 0.94) and state assignments overlapped by 88% overall. Using GPS altitude would reduce potential tag effects and allow us to model tracks in 3D for males and lighter females, which are too small to carry both loggers. Overall, incorporating flight height from either barometric altimeters or GPS loggers into behavioural models improved our ability to distinguish putative foraging events from high-altitude flight.
Leucistic Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris borealis off São Miguel, Azores, in November 2019
Authors: Al Abbar Fadia , Silva Mariana , Geelhoed Steve
Published: September 2023

The Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris borealis is the most abundant seabird in the Azores. It breeds along the coast of all islands and on most islets in the archipelago (Monteiro et al. 1996a). Birds attend colonies and adjacent waters from late February to late October (Monteiro et al. 1996b), when they can be seen daily around most islands. From mid-November to late January most birds have migrated to wintering areas in the tropical and southern Atlantic (Camphuysen & van der Meer 2001; González-Solís et al. 2007). Aberrant colourations such as albinism, leucism, and melanism have been reported in a wide range of seabird species. One of the aberrant colourations, leucism, is defined as a loss of pigment of entire feathers. A loss of pigmentation may also occur in the legs and bill however, excluding a change in colour of the eyes (van Grouw 2006). This loss of pigmentation, or lack of eumelanin, is due to congenital and heritable failure of pigment-producing melanoblasts to reach some or all areas of the skin (van Grouw 2013). In this note, we document an observation of an aberrantly coloured Cory’s Shearwater in the Azores.
Three new seabird species recorded at Tristan da Cunha archipelago
Authors: Ryan Peter , Dilley Ben , Risi Michelle , Jones Christopher , Osborne Alexis , Schofield Andy , Repetto Julian , Ratcliffe Norman
Published: September 2023

The Tristan da Cunha archipelago comprises three main islands: Tristan, Inaccessible and Nightingale at 37ºS 12ºW, with Gough Island (40ºS 10ºW) the only other temperate oceanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean (Ryan 2007). Tristan and Gough are important breeding sites for 25 species of seabirds (Ryan 2008; Ryan et al. 2014; 2015; Robertson et al. 2016), and a further 30 species of non-breeding seabirds have been reported from the islands (Ryan 2007; Visser et al. 2009; Ryan 2010). We report three additional species from the islands based on observations from 2017 to 2019.
Breeding success, nest site fidelity and mate fidelity in the European Storm-petrel
Authors: Mariné Mariné , Bernard Cadiou
Published: September 2023

The European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus is a monogamous and long-lived species with a low reproductive rate. Its nest sites are located in natural cavities under rocks or in burrows excavated by other species. Data obtained in the Molène archipelago, western France, have been analysed to study nest site fidelity and mate fidelity, and to study their relationship with breeding success and sex. Breeders were ringed and breeding success assessed from 2001–18. The influence of age and the weight of breeders on reproductive success has also been studied. Individuals were very faithful to their nest sites (94%) and to their mates (95%) from one year to the next. Breeding failure in the year t was negatively correlated with nest site fidelity and with mate retention in year t+1. Nest site fidelity was not influenced by the sex of breeding birds. Change of nest site or mate had no significant impact on the breeding success in the same year. There was a positive effect of the weight of incubating adults on reproductive success. High rates of nest site fidelity and mate fidelity may indicate good population status, with breeding habitat and mates of good quality.
Gull Predation on Leach’s Hydrobates leucorhous and European Storm-petrels H. pelagicus on Elliðaey Island, Iceland
Authors: Hey Jessica , Hansen Erpur , Bolton Mark
Published: September 2023

Studies of predator-prey interactions, and quantification of predation frequencies can be crucial to understanding prey population declines. We present a study of gull Larus spp. predation on Leach’s Storm-petrels Hydrobates leucorhous and European Storm petrels H. pelagicus, relative to other prey types. We studied a population of approximately 160 gulls in mixed colonies of Herring Gulls L. argentatus and Lesser Blackbacked Gulls L. fuscus, on Elliðaey Island, Iceland. We dissected 191 pellets and found gulls fed mostly on avian prey, insects and molluscs. We estimate that the total consumption of Leach’s Storm-petrels by all gulls in the colonies amounted to approximately two individuals per day, over the course of the study. European Stormpetrels were not preyed upon in high quantity during the study period, with a minimum of one individual depredated within a four-day study period, potentially reflecting the later breeding season of this species. We also provide a correction factor of pellets produced per storm-petrel consumed, which could be used to quantify the number of individual storm-petrels consumed from counts of pellets in future studies.
Camera traps reveal predators of breeding Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle
Authors: Johnston Daniel , Furness Robert , Robbins Alexandra , Tyler Glen , Masden Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of predation on Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle, of both adults and chicks, is an important consideration when assessing factors affecting breeding success. However, predators are often cryptic and confirmed interactions are difficult to identify. Through the use of camera traps, we recorded predation by mammalian and avian species on Black Guillemots on Stroma and North Ronaldsay in the 2016 and 2017 breeding seasons. Camera traps recorded two presumed instances of an Otter Lutra lutra predating chicks, one possible instance of an Otter predating an adult, one instance of a Hooded Crow Corvus cornix predating a chick, and the presence of several species of potential predators at nests. Camera traps were deployed concurrently during periods of visual observations, during which, sightings of predators were rare. We found the presence of camera traps to have no effect on breeding success between monitored (mean chicks fledged = 1.05, n = 52) and control (mean chicks fledged = 0.98, n = 98) nests. Here we highlight the potential role of camera traps in monitoring seabird nest success, and positively identifying sources of nest failure.
Determining hatch dates for skuas: an egg density calibration curve
Authors: Aldará Jón , Hammer Sjúrður , Thorup Kasper , Snell Katherine
Published: September 2023

Key life-history events, such as breeding phenology, underlie much ecological research and inform conservation efforts. Simple methods that improve efficiency during breeding studies are valuable, particularly in remote locations and extreme climates. Building on an earlier study, we investigated the relationship between egg density and incubation progression in two Arctic- and subarctic-breeding seabird species, Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus and Great Skua S. skua, to statistically test its application as a calibration method. Corresponding with the preceding study we found that the decrease in calculated egg density during incubation can be described by a quadratic relationship with egg development for our populations. In addition, we demonstrate that this relationship was not confounded by multiple egg clutches nor differences in measurement intervals. From this relationship, a calibration curve was constructed to predict hatching dates within an error of c. three days for Arctic Skua and c. four days for Great Skua, using a single measure of the length, breadth and mass of an egg. Furthermore, when combining the data generated in this study, we found model support for a calibration curve independent of species, suggesting that this calibration may have the potential to be extended to other species with similar ecology. This technique can be used to inform the timing of colony visits and thereby maximise research and monitoring efforts for these species with minimal researcher disturbance.
Sule Skerry – an overspill gannetry from Sule Stack
Authors: Harris Mike , Blackburn Jez , Budworth Dave , Blackburn Adrian
Published: September 2023

Northern Gannets Morus bassanus first bred on Sule Skerry, Orkney, Scotland in 2003. A count made from photographs taken using a drone in July 2018 showed that the population had increased to 4,515 apparently occupied sites with a mean annual rate of increase of 19% between 2009 and 2018. As Gannet numbers increased, they displaced several hundred pairs of Common Guillemots Uria aalge and about 500 pairs of Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica. Ringing of Gannet chicks showed that some of the increase on Sule Skerry was due to immigration from Sule Stack 8 km away. Northern Gannets on Sule Stack appear to occupy all suitable nesting habitat, and the breeding population has been relatively stable at around 4,500 pairs for the last 100 years. The colony on Sule Skerry is now as large as that on Sule Stack. Given that there appears to be plenty of suitable nesting habitat for more Gannets on Sule Skerry, it seems likely that the colony will continue to increase to the detriment of the nationally important population of Atlantic Puffins.