bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the Clinical Features, Pathological Characteristics, and Molecular Classification in Reproductive Age Patients with Endometrial Cancer who Experienced Unsuccessful Fertility-sparing Treatment
Authors: Yu Tong , Zhang Xi-Wen , Sun Ping-Li , Farah Abdulkarim Mohamed , Jia Yan
Published: November 2021

Conclusions: Molecular classification could provide reliable supplementary information for evaluating prognostic and contribute to treatment option decision-making in EEC patients. Fertility-sparing treatment is not recommended for EEC patients with CNH and MSI-H. Furthermore, fertility-sparing treatment can be attempted in EEC patients with CHL, but regular follow-up should be carried out to early detection of EC relapse and prevention of disease progression.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 20.11. по 26.11.2021 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталья , Сафронов Валентин , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: November 2021

В обзоре представлен анализ геновариантов вируса SARS-CoV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) и интерес (VOI) на основе их геномов в базе GISAID за неделю с 20.11.2021 г. по 26.11.2021 г.
Investigation on Hydraulic Fracturing and Cutting Roof Pressure Relief Technology for Underground Mines: A Case Study
Authors: Chang Qingliang , Yao Xingjie , Wang Xiangyu , Yang Sen , Sun Yuantian
Published: November 2021

Using hydraulic fracturing for cutting roof pressure is a critical technology to protect coal pillars. In this paper, based on the engineering background of 18506 working face in the Xiqu Coal Mine, using the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement, a reasonable coal pillar width and practical parameters of hydraulic fracturing are given. The results show that roof cutting can significantly increase the stress in goaf and relieve the advanced pressure of the working face. Taking 18506 working face as the research object, the industrial test is carried out, and the surrounding rock control scheme of hydraulic fracturing and roof cutting is put forward, the mine pressure monitoring results show that the auxiliary roadway of 18506 working face reaches a stable state within 20 days, the deformation and damage degree of roadway surrounding rock are small, and the integrity of surrounding rock is improved.
Fault Activation in Central Mongolia during the Holocene: Results of Study of the Mogod Earthquake Ruptures
Authors: Smekalin O.P. , Chipizubov A.V.
Published: November 2021

—In order to determine the seismotectonic activity of faults in the Holocene, we performed trench studies of the ruptures produced by the catastrophic Mogod earthquake (5 January 1967, M = 7.5–7.8, I0 = 9–10) in the junction zone of the N–S striking Hulzhin Gol fault and the NW striking Tullet fault. Paleoseismic interpretation of seismic-deformation sections and radiocarbon dating of the samples allowed determining the kinematics and obtaining, for the first time, the absolute ages of paleoevents preceding the Mogod earthquake. Analysis of the tectonic conditions for realization of earthquake sources has shed light on the complex structure of ruptures in the area of the Mogod earthquake epicenter, within which three segments differing in the displacement amplitudes and kinematics have been identified. The research data indicate the repeated activation of the Tulet and Hulzhin Gol faults in the Late Pleistocene–Holocene. The absolute age of the latest activation is 596–994 AD for the Tulet fault and 11,379–6235 BC for the Hulzhin Gol fault. The cumulative deformation from paleoearthquakes in the trench sections in the Tulet fault zone points to at least two displacements of thrust kinematics, with the latest of them having an amplitude of 2.8 m. The paleoearthquake in the Hulzhin Gol fault zone is characterized by the presence of lateral slip. The amplitudes of deformations attest to earlier earthquakes similar in energy to the 1967 Mogod event or even stronger in the fault node. The obtained data on the timing of these earthquakes and the amplitudes of the accompanying displacements made it possible to estimate slip rates along the faults: 0.2–0.3 m/kyr horizontal-slip rates on the Hulzhin Gol fault and 0.5–0.7 m/kyr vertical-slip rates on the Tulet fault.
The Pridoli (Silurian) Lithostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of Gorny Altai
Authors: Sennikov N.V. , Novozhilova N.V. , Obut O.T. , Khabibulina R.A.
Published: November 2021

—The paper presents new data on the upper Silurian litho- and biostratigraphy of the Gorny Altai area. Sediments within this interval store a succession of taxonomically representative middle–upper Ludfordian, lower Pridoli, and Lower Devonian (Lochkovian–Pragian) conodont assemblages. The new fauna constraints made a basis for updated correlations of the local and regional stratigraphic units at the Silurian/Devonian boundary of Gorny Altai with the stages of the International Stratigraphic Chart. The correlation results reveal a mismatch between the boundaries of the local and regional Silurian units and the respective boundaries of stages in the International Stratigraphic Chart.
Some Features of Quantitative Analysis of Rock-Forming Minerals Using a JXA-8230 Electron Probe Microanalyzer
Authors: Lavrent’ev Yu.G. , Usova L.V.
Published: November 2021

—The basic software package of a JXA-8230 microanalyzer, like its predecessor JXA-8100, uses the long-established ZAF correction method (with some differences) for a quantitative analysis: Calculation of mass absorption coefficients is based on Chantler’s theoretical data. The core of this method is quantum-mechanical calculation of the cross section of the interaction between an X-ray photon and atomic electrons. This innovation has had a positive influence on the trueness of X-ray microanalysis. Control tests on specimens where the absorption effect is dominant have demonstrated that the results of this analysis are slightly lower (by less than 2%) independently of the matrix absorption interval in which the analytical line is located. As a consequence, the selection of comparison specimens becomes easier: It is sufficient that the specimen under study and the comparison specimen belong to the same isomorphic series and that the intensity of the analytical line of the comparison specimen allows for the measurement with the required accuracy.
Experimental Study for Establishing Metal-to-Metal Seal Evaluation Criteria for Tubular Connections in Thermal and HPHT Applications
Authors: Xie Jueren , Friesen Dale , Droessler Mark , Roth Tim , Xie Junfeng
Published: November 2021

Qualification of tubular connections is an important task in well completion design for thermal wells, which experience peak temperatures of 180°C to 350°C, as well as high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) wells, which experience peak temperatures up to 180°C and pressures greater than 70 MPa. Industry protocols (such as ISO/PAS 12835:2013 for thermal wells, and ISO 13679:2019 and API RP 5C5:2017 for HPHT wells) have been developed for the purposes of evaluating the structural integrity and sealability of premium connections. In recognition of the the time and capital expense associated with completing "product line validation" for a connection design per these standards for multiple physical configurations (i.e for combinations of various sizes, weights, and grades), industry is developing a hybrid approach that supplements results from physical qualification tests with numerical simulation, such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). To facilitate numerical modeling, extensive research work has been performed recently (e.g. Xie, Matthew, and Hamilton (2016) and Xie and Matthew (2017)) to establish a constitutive relationship for evaluating metal-to-metal sealability. It was noted in previous studies that further experimental work is required to better understand connection sealing behavior, especially the effects of surface roughness and thread compounds.

This paper presents an experimental study with a series of small-scale metal-to-metal seal tests under various levels of seal contact stress and gas pressures representative of thermal and HPHT operational conditions. These tests incorporated the effects of surface roughness and thread compound. FEA was performed to model the stress conditions in the test specimens. Based on the experimental and analytical study, an updated metal-to-metal seal evaluation criterion with calibrated parameters is proposed for tubular connections used in thermal and HPHT applications.
Considerations for Analytical Qualification of Tubular Connections for Thermal and HPHT Wells
Authors: Xie Jueren
Published: November 2021

It is important to complete thermal and high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) wells with tubular connections that possess adequate structural integrity and sealing capacity under the severe load conditions typically experienced by these wells throughout their life cycle. Individual premium connection designs are required to be evaluated and qualified through physical tests to broadly adopted industry protocols, such as ISO/PAS 12835: 2013 for thermal wells that experience temperatures from 180°C to 350°C, and ISO 13679:2019 and API RP 5C5:2017 for HPHT wells which experience peak temperatures up to 180°C and pressures greater than 70 MPa. Recognizing the time and capital expenses associated with completing full-scale physical testing of product lines with multiple connection designs of different tubular diameter, weight, and grade, industry is developing a hybrid approach that supplements results from physical qualification tests with numerical/analytical simulation, such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The key challenges associated with analytical evaluation are the lack of evaluation criteria and suitable guidelines for analysis methodologies.

This paper provides a review of recent work related to the development of sealability evaluation criteria; and presents guidelines to facilitate performance evaluation of tubular connections in thermal and HPHT wells through advanced FEA. For thermal well applications, this paper presents a methodology for quantitative evaluation of sealability of casing connections, as a supplement to the determination of a biased test population using FEA following ISO/PAS 12835:2013 requirement. For HPHT wells, this paper presents considerations for analyzing various testing loads, such as Test Series A (internal and external pressure cycles), Test Series B (internal pressure with bending), Test Series C (thermal and mechanical cycles), and Limit Load Cases. Analysis examples with generic premium connections are presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed analysis methodologies.
The Influence of Formation Creeping on Wellbore Integrity
Authors: Zheng Danzhu , Miska Stefan Z. , Ozbayoglu Evren
Published: November 2021

Creep, the time-dependent deformation of rock, will increase the pressure applied on the interface between the cement and formation. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of the formation creeping effect on the cement sheath integrity and zonal isolation. It focuses on the failure behavior of the cement sheath in the long period after drilling. The paper also investigates the changing of mechanical properties of cement to avoid loss of zonal isolation.

The interface pressure between the cement and formation cannot be measured directly in the field, so it will be valuable to predict this pressure through alternative methods. A Casing-Cement -Formation System (CCFS) analytical model based on linear-elasticity and Cam-Clay plasticity model was built. The CCFS model includes four layers, casing layer-cement layer- plastic creeping layer and the formation layer. This plastic- transition layer is formed because of formation creeping. The axial stress and tangential stress distribution of the cement sheath were calculated by the CCFS model. The contact pressure between the cement sheath and formation was calculated. Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion was applied to estimate failure behavior for the cement sheath.

Two case studies were performed with the new CCFS model and previous CCFS model that do not consider the formation creeping effect. The comparison between two models showed that without considering the formation creeping effect, we might underestimate failure of the cement sheath. The simulation result by our CCFS analytical model indicated that the creeping effect would make the interface between the casing and cement vulnerable to shear failure. We changed the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio for the failed case to investigate the influence of mechanical properties of the cement material. The result showed that a lower Young's modulus and higher Poisson's ratio were preferred for improving zonal isolation.

Instead of pursuing how creeping happens, this paper accepts formation creeping as a fact in the whole life of the well. The geomechanical impacts of the plastic-creeping formation, although undetectable from the surface observations, may cause detrimental consequences to cement integrity.
Data-Driven Well Pad Development Performance Review: Focus on the Role of Liner Design on Well Performance
Authors: Izadi Hossein , Roostaei Morteza , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Hosseini Seyed Abolhassan , Soroush Mohammad , Rosi Giuseppe , Stevenson Jesse , Tuttle Aubrey , Sutton Colby , Leung Juliana , Fattahpour Vahidoddin
Published: November 2021

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the dominant in-situ method for oil production in Western Canada. The current study analyzed the relative performance of various well-completion practices using data from 4,000 well pairs that were drilled over a decade. The data analysis provided a unique opportunity to find best operating practices. The scope of this paper is to review the performance of major thermal projects in Canada and investigating the effect of liner design and Flow Control Devices (FCDs) on well pair performance and development.

Cumulative oil production and cumulative steam oil ratio (cSOR) were used as the key metrics in comparing the well performance in a SAGD operation. However, to compare different pads and different projects, it was critical to normalize the data with geological variation, well length, well spacing, and with consideration to the well failure rate, remedial completion and re-drills. In this paper we review seven thermal projects of four key operators with almost 3,500 wells and 1,200 well pairs in operation as early as 1996. All geoscience, and production/injection data have been extracted from public databases and utilized to develop a data-driven model.

The reservoir thickness variation for each well was determined using available geoscience data, and through the development of a geological model based on the available core data and well logs. The model was used to define the drainage volume for each well pair, which in turn was used to assign a geological ranking to the well. The cumulative oil production and cSOR were then normalized with the geological ranking and the size of the net drainage volume. The number of well pairs in each pad and the cumulative pad production were normalized against the number of days in production and their relative decline, which allowed for comparison between pads within the same project, as well as pads from other projects. The cumulative production of the active pads in each project was used to compare the relative performance of different projects. Also, we separated the projects and wells based on their use of FCDs in the producer and injector to compare the relative performance of each technology in the field.

This paper is the initial phase of the study on the role of completion design on relative well and well pad performance. The results will help completion and production engineers to better understand the well pair and pad relative performance and how to normalize the oil production data against geological variation to compare performance.
Plug and Abandonment for Gas Wells: A Case Study from Baghjan Oilfield, India
Authors: Bharadwaj Rishabh , Kumari Bhavya , Patel Astha
Published: November 2021

The economic end of the life-cycle of a well is dynamic and it varies with the oil & gas market conditions and advances in extraction technologies. If production declines or the need for a workover arises, plugging and abandonment operations are followed. In case the wellsite has encountered accidental releases, systematic abandonment and remediation becomes even more crucial to avoid further environmental damage and capital investment. This paper analyzes the Baghjan oilfield blowout of the Assam-Arakan basin and provides abandonment practices for gas wells.

The mobile workover rig was stationed at the Baghjan Well-5 with the aim to plug the lower producing zone at 3871 m and complete the well in the upper Lakadong+Therria sand at a depth of 3739 m. Baghjan Gas Well No.5 blew during the temporary abandonment which was planned to mitigate the leakage in the wellhead. Improper depth for the placement of cement plug, failure to check the plug integrity, and shortcomings in the regular inspection of annular casing pressure led to the well control situation at the Baghjan gas well.

While pulling out the tubing conveyed perforation gun after perforating the Lakadong+Therria I+II sand, Shut-In Tubing Pressure of 4400 psi and 3900 psi Shut-In Casing Pressure was observed which indicated a leak in the Tubing Seal Assembly. The well was killed with a 9.76 lbm/gal sodium formate brine and in the middle of pulling the tubing, leakage in the W.F. Spool was identified which changed the priority of the operations. Therefore, a temporary abandonment operation was planned to mitigate the leakage problem in the primary and secondary seals, during which the well started flowing gas profusely after nipple-down of the blowout preventer. The shortcomings of the abandonment process can be conquered by the selection of an appropriate isolation material such as resin-based sealants or bismuth and thermite, which shall act as a primary barrier and provide enhanced zonal isolation. The isolation material should mitigate micro-fractures, minimize treatment volume and fluid loss, provide ample pumping time, and not degrade in the presence of wellbore fluids.

The study discusses resin-based sealants, cement slurry designs, advances in conventional, unconventional, and rigless abandonment techniques, and suggests the most efficient method for the temporary and permanent abandonment operations to avoid further such incidents in the oil and gas industry.
Collaborations Involving Malaysia Upstream Regulator to Enhance Decommissioning
Authors: Binti Abd Rahman Shazwina , Bin A Bakar M Nurzawani , Bin Zainai Ariff Irfan
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to share the collaboration efforts of Malaysia's governing body for Upstream oil & gas industry with various stakeholders to enhance decommissioning in Malaysia. By virtue of Section of the Petroleum Development Act 1974, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) ("PETRONAS") is vested with the entire ownership in, and the exclusive rights, powers, liberties and privileges of exploring, exploiting, winning and obtaining petroleum lying onshore or offshore of Malaysia. MPM manages the decommissioning liabilities for all Upstream petroleum facilities in Malaysia, specifically to strategize, regulate, promote, and drive decommissioning execution that is safe, cost-effective and brings the best benefit to the environment. Due to the shift in the industry with uncertainties in the long-term crude oil prices, depleting reserves, and operating cost challenges, it has made this non-revenue generating activity unavoidable. Thus, it is crucial to drive down decommissioning costs while protecting the environment. To achieve this objective, one of the focused initiatives pursued by MPM is through collaborations with relevant stakeholders such as industry players, upstream operators, government bodies, and academia. Such collaborations were found to be the fastest way to develop innovative solutions whereby the collaborators work together to achieve a common goal. Collaborations were done through, among others, constant and systematic engagements, workshops, brainstorming sessions, etc. A notable example would be in 2017, MPM successfully entered into a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOUs") with the Department of Fisheries ("DOF"), Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery Industry on rigs-to-reef. In 2020, MPM had successfully conducted a series of virtual workshops to capture decommissioning enhancement areas and lessons learnt with Operators and decommissioning contractors based on real-life experiences and past projects in Malaysia. A total of 115 enhancements areas were captured for consideration. Beyond these two items, MPM had successfully collaborated with many other stakeholders related to decommissioning and will continue to explore more collaborations in the future to support decommissioning in Malaysia. Details of these collaborations will be shared as part of this presentation. There were great experiences and important lessons that PETRONAS had learnt from these collaborations. PETRONAS believes that the culture of sharing experiences and lessons learnt will be the epitome for Operators and Contractors to work safely, stimulate creativity and strive towards decommissioning cost compression for every decommissioning project.
A Value Focused Thinking Approach to Decommissioning Decision Making
Authors: Tung Aaron
Published: November 2021

Values are what stakeholders regard to be important to decisions (Kruglanski & Higgins 2007). How stakeholder prioritize, rank, balance, and trade-off values can have significant influence on their reasoning and evaluation of decommissioning outcomes and decisions. Stakeholder values can vary depending on various factors including religious beliefs, personal interests, and past experiences (Lechner et al., 2017). Value-focused thinking is a decision science theory developed by Keeney (1992) which builds upon the concept of varying stakeholder values. Keeney (1992) argues that the best decision is one that best reflects the actual values of stakeholders. which suggests that the acceptability of decommissioning decisions (full removal, partial removal, leave in-situ, rigs-to-reefs, etc.) by stakeholders will vary depending on the values of stakeholder in that particular context.

This paper explores the idea of value-focused thinking and derive implications for decommissioning decision-making. Overall, the research finding suggests that rather than basing a decommissioning decision solely on scientific evidence, there is also a need for the decommissioning decisions to be able to reflect the actual values of stakeholders in that particular context. The criteria and weightage of the adopted multi-criteria decision analysis tool, for example, should accurately represent the actual values of stakeholders, so as to enable the tool to produce outcomes and decisions that has a higher probability of stakeholder acceptance.
New Approach to D&A Late Life Planning and Preparation: Era of Innovative Solutions
Authors: Lim Jia Rou , Mohd Thiyahuddin Mohd Izzat , Ghazali Muhammad Arif Iskandar
Published: November 2021

New approach to Decommissioning and Abandonment (D&A) during late life planning and preparation is essential to the Operators to make D&A a more affordable and sustainable aspect of the Oil & Gas (O&G) business. D&A of offshore structures is a necessary requirement in the life cycle of hydrocarbon production. Removal of the structural components of an offshore platform, including the topside and jacket, represents up to 20% of the total decommissioning cost. This includes removal and transportation of the platform structure, substructures and other materials for further remediation, e.g., disposal at onshore via scrapping, repurpose, reefing, etc. The objectives of this paper include reviewing the current methods and efforts in Malaysia to remove and transport end-of-life structures and to propose innovative solutions to optimize the structural removal cost in decommissioning.

The proposed recommendations consist of two categories; firstly, this research suggests improvements from the current available technologies and investigates more effective expenditure options on methods of structural removal. Secondly, this actionable insight explores novel solutions of maximising in-situ solutions. Few recommendations are proposed to be implemented in the platform decommissioning strategy. There is a huge Potential Value Creation (PVC) of adopting these recommendations as an attempt to reduce high cost of structural removal in decommissioning.

This paper presents an overall review of the current capabilities and available technologies in the region. Decommissioning in Southeast Asia (SEA) presents a unique challenge and opportunity compared to other parts of the world. Decommissioning capabilities in SEA possess a huge growth potential to match the maturity, in terms of experience and portfolio, of the D&A players in other regions such as Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and North Sea. This will improve as increasingly number of decommissioning projects will be completed by PETRONAS in the future. In addition, the distinct and rich marine ecosystems present great opportunities for various in-situ solutions to be maximized for the benefits beyond oil & gas applications.
Offline Well Abandonment SIMOPs: An 81 Well Phase I & II Case Study Enabling ABEX Reduction in South East Asia
Authors: Canny Steven A. , Amarin Jane , Pinprayong Verapich , Sratongroy Chumpae , Pitchayang Pancharat , Patanapoothong Vijak , Sonsai Thatree
Published: November 2021

In the decommissioning phase of oilfield facility lifecycles, focus pivots from positive net present value to executing the care and preservation, then decommissioning in the safest and most environmentally sensitive manor, and at the lowest total cost of ownership. Asset Retirement Obligation (ARO) is a long-term liability carried on the balance sheet, as a provision for the cost to return a wellsite to pre-exploration condition. The reduction of abandonment and decommissioning expenditure (ABEX) in executing compliant operations is a key business performance factor, and critical in executing higher volumes of wells earlier than planned. In doing so maximizing value to company shareholders, residents, industries and government level stakeholders.

In the case study, an offline pre-abandonment and Phase I primary reservoir isolation project is presented, which seeks to maximize net project efficiency via offline wellbore intervention, executing the primary reservoir isolation of the wellbore via rigless techniques. This approach contributed to ABEX reductions by up to 40% per well vs the planned approval for expenditure (AFE) provisions taken for the operations.

The project execution structure utilized offline intervention and Phase I primary reservoir isolation of 81 wellbores, across 5 wellhead platforms and 47 days continuous operations. Operations were part of a simultaneous operation (SIMOPS) project, as an offline work front located on the wellhead platform (WHP) weather deck. A second work front for Phase II and Phase III well abandonment operations, is executed concurrently, from the jack-up rig cantilever above the WHP. Live well operations are conducted concurrently by both work fronts, through the Christmas Tree (XT) and pressure control equipment in Phase I, and through the drilling riser and blowout preventor for Phase II and Phase III, to maximize productivity when the rig is on location.

The scope of operations included wellhead qualification, wellbore access and preparation, well kill, injectivity testing, various wellbore preparation and cement placement techniques, pressure testing and lubrication of the wellbore. The operator's system engineering, design of operations and planning agility are key to its success. Acute focus was given to the batching of operations and delivery of these in a phased approach to increase productivity and maintain high service delivery through repetition of tasks.

The project successfully executed Incident Free Operations (IFO) with 100% productive time and facilitated combined project performance, which delivered wells up to 44% ahead of the planned AFE. To enable this, over 4.19 million feet of slickline was run, conveying 428 bottom hole assemblies (BHAs), preparing the wellbores to isolate 804 primary reservoirs, and 2 intermediate reservoirs.
Is Australia Prepared for the Decommissioning Challenge? A Regulator's Perspective
Authors: Christensen David , Re Andrew
Published: November 2021

The National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) is Australia's independent expert regulator for health and safety, structural (well) integrity and environmental management for all offshore oil and gas operations and greenhouse gas storage activities in Australian waters, and in coastal waters where regulatory powers and functions have been conferred.

The Australian offshore petroleum industry has been in operation since the early 1960s and currently has approximately 57 platforms, 11 floating facilities, 3,500km of pipelines and 1000 wells in operation. Many offshore facilities are now approaching the end of their operational lives and it is estimated that over the next 50 years decommissioning of this infrastructure will cost more than US$40.5 billion.

Decommissioning is a normal and inevitable stage in the lifetime of an offshore petroleum project that should be planned from the outset and matured throughout the life of operations. While only a few facilities have been decommissioned in Australian waters, most of Australia's offshore infrastructure is now more than 20 years old and entering a phase where they require extra attention and close maintenance prior to decommissioning.

When the NOGA group of companies entered liquidation in 2020 and the Australian Government took control of decommissioning the Laminaria and Corallina field development it became evident that there were some fundamental gaps in relation to decommissioning in the Australian offshore petroleum industry.

There are two key focus areas that require attention. Firstly, regulatory reform including policy change and modification to regulatory practice. Secondly, the development of visible and robust decommissioning plans by Industry titleholders. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and benefit of adopting good practice when planning for decommissioning throughout the life cycle of a petroleum project. Whilst not insurmountable, the closing of these gaps will ensure that Australia is well placed to deal with the decommissioning challenge facing the industry in the next 50 years.
Advancements in Techniques for Complex Plug and Abandonment Using Survey Management and Magnetic Ranging Methods
Authors: Dorey Jamie , Rassadkin Georgy
Published: November 2021

Complex plug and abandonments are required when it is not possible to permanently seal a wellbore utilizing conventional methods. This paper will provide an overview of advanced survey management techniques and their application to complex wellbore abandonment operations. The overview will include the utilization of technologies including active magnetic ranging, gyroscopic and magnetic surveys, and advanced survey correction algorithms. The economic benefits due to the successful outcomes will be shown as well as the mitigation of potential environmental hazards to groundwater aquifers.

The described methods have been proven in real-world scenarios, where complex technical challenges necessitate the requirement of a complex abandonment. Two case studies will be presented; one operation where the target well suffered from a restriction in the casing that prevented access to the reservoir, and another where a wellbore was found during civil construction activities in an unexpected position and created a high-risk challenge due to the potential for reservoir gases and liquids leaking uncontrolled into the construction zone.

The application of these techniques in abandoning complex wellbores that are unable to be plugged by conventional means provides the industry with solutions to the technically challenging problem of wellbore abandonments when physical access to the wellbore is not possible. These techniques provide economical and low-risk solutions to operators in both onshore and offshore decommissioning activities.
Success Story of First Malaysia Flare Tips Decommissioning in Sarawak Offshore Field Platform
Authors: Ahmad Shatiry M Sahir , Tajul Arif Tajul Ekram , Baharuddin Norhafizah , Harun Firdaus , Asmadi M Noraznan , Ismail Saiful Adli , Nazli Abdul Malik , Ishak Mohamad Faiz , Ab Hamid Syamsul Hafzan
Published: November 2021

The project was for part production enhancement project which to cater for brownfield & greenfield project. To cater to the production (oil) increment for the brownfield project, the existing flare tips and separation system need to be upgraded with higher capacity. The inclusive project was upgrading existing. Part of the scope was decommissioning the existing flare tip and associated system, e.g., ignition panel and ignition pipe. The project will decommission the current flare tips and replaced it with new higher capacity flare tips with Low Pressure (LP) & High Pressure (HP) connection. The existing flare panel was a single-type ignition system. The existing flare tip had LP & HP tip with 8″ inch size; the weight for both tip was estimated at 300 kg. The concept selection was discussed on the suitable method to lifting down the decommissioning flare tip at the offshore platform. There were 2 suitable techniques selected at the initial of the concept selection. One was lifting down the decommissioning flare tip directly from flare boom to vessel. Another method was manual rigging of the flare tips from the flare boom to the lower deck. After several discussions and workshops, it was decided to proceed with manual rigging of the decommissioning flare tip to the safe deck area. The removal of the decommissioning flare tip was performed during turnaround. The total days for the overall activity of the decommissioning & installation of the new flare tip was 3 days, 2 days ahead from planned duration 5 days.
PRODUÇÃO E COMÉRCIO LOCAL DE QUEIJO DE COALHO EM MORADA NOVA – CEARÁ
Authors: Silva Maiara Magna Almeida da , Damaceno Marlene Nunes
Published: November 2021

O queijo de coalho é considerado artefato cultural do Nordeste brasileiro. Popular e versátil, é capaz de satisfazer diferentes grupos econômicos, sociais e étnicos. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o perfil de comercialização do queijo de coalho, do tipo artesanal e industrial, de produção local no município de Morada Nova-CE. A metodologia consistiu na pesquisa do tipo observacional e transversal, com controle comparativo de grupos diferentes sem modelo padrão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário-observação aplicado em supermercados e comércios classificados pelo porte, tipo, origem e marca do queijo comercializada, e a exposição na gôndola. Foram visitados 20 estabelecimentos comerciais distribuídos nos 16 bairros da sede do munícipio, contemplando diferentes perfis de consumidores. Os resultados evidenciaram que a totalidade dos estabelecimentos visitados comercializam o queijo de coalho de produção local, distribuindo-se a oferta nos tipos artesanal e industrial em 85% e 50% respectivamente. Os queijos de coalho de produção externa ao município representam apenas 10% de oferta no comercio local. O queijo de coalho de produção local possui alta aceitação pelos moradanovenses, sendo o de fabricação industrial mais comumente encontrado nos supermercados e de fabricação artesanal nos microcomércios, pois independente do processo de fabricação se industrial ou artesanal o queijo de coalho fabricado no próprio município é capaz de alcançar diferentes grupos sociais.
CONCEPÇÃO DE UMA CÂMARA DE ENVELHECIMENTO ACELERADO COM USO DO ARDUINO
Authors: Nascimento Júnior Valmir , Nobrega Raphael Borges , Souza Ronimack Trajano , Rocha Higor Costa
Published: November 2021

A aplicação de materiais poliméricos no desenvolvimento de produtos e no revestimento de equipamentos destinados a aplicações de uso externo tem aumentado significativamente com os avanços tecnológicos e na ciência dos materiais. No entanto, os polímeros são susceptíveis a degradação provocada pela ação dos diversos agentes presentes no meio ambiente e que podem ocasionar falhas prematuras em serviço. A realização de testes de envelhecimento acelerado em laboratório permite avaliar o comportamento dos materiais poliméricos em curtos períodos e detectar materiais com propriedades inadequadas ou susceptíveis a falhas. Um dos testes consiste na utilização de câmaras de envelhecimento acelerado que permitem submeter amostras do material polimérico à radiação ultravioleta, temperatura e umidade. No entanto, os equipamentos disponibilizados no mercado possuem valores elevados e que dificultam a aquisição pelos laboratórios de pesquisa. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o projeto e desenvolvimento de uma câmara de envelhecimento acelerado de baixo custo para a realização de ensaios com materiais poliméricos. O equipamento é constituído por lâmpadas ultravioleta e um sistema de condensação que permitem simular a exposição de amostras à radiação UV, temperatura e umidade. Os mecanismos podem ser selecionados e operados de forma cíclica a partir de um sistema de controle microcontrolado baseado na plataforma open-source Arduino.
ALBA e UNASUL na fase de despolitização
Authors: Alvarez María Victoria
Published: November 2021

Uma década após o surgimento do regionalismo pós-liberal, assistimos ao desmantelamento da UNASUL e ao enfraquecimento da ALBA. A partir da literatura latino-americana sobre politização nos processos de integração regional, este trabalho realiza uma análise em três etapas (fases de politização, despolitização e (re)politização) para examinar a dinâmica da ALBA e da UNASUL, enfatizando dois elementos: os interesses comuns dos governos e sua disposição de construir esquemas institucionais. O trabalho tenta verificar se os regimes pós-liberais são (re)politizados tão precariamente que correm o risco de entrar no ciclo usual de desgaste das iniciativas regionais latino-americanas.
Administração Trump e a saída dos Estados Unidos do Tratado de Forças Nucleares de Alcance Intermediário
Authors: Dalbelo Vinicius
Published: November 2021

Em 2019, a administração Trump finalizou a retirada norte-americana do Tratado de Forças Nucleares de Alcance Intermediário (Tratado INF). Durante três décadas, o INF foi fundamental para o regime de não-proliferação, estabilidade estratégica europeia e relações russo-americanas. Esta investigação dialoga com estudos políticos proeminentes sobre EUA: i) conservadorismo populista de Trump; ii) sistema global conflituoso com a ascensão da China e a retomada da Rússia. Este artigo emprega multimétodos qualitativos: narrativa causal e o método histórico. Dois conjuntos de fontes são empregados: (i) documentos desclassificados do governo norte-americano; (ii) fontes narrativas. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para as discussões sobre o trumpismo e a política externa norte-americana.
Determining the tribological features of concrete and assessing the service life of architectural facilities
Authors: García Rebeca Martínez , Kharitonenkov Anton , Kuzmin Oleg , Snezhko Vera
Published: November 2021

The construction industry is increasingly striving to improve the tribological features of architectural structures to increase their service life. The focus lies on self-compacting concrete (SCC) as the most appropriate option to fulfil this task. However, there are still some problems related to its durability, particularly in terms of physical and chemical properties, which are crucial in preventing corrosion of the reinforcement. This study seeks to assess the durability of self-compacting concrete and С20/25 class concrete with similar compressive strength. The measurements taken during the study include the primary strength indicators (water porosity, chloride diffusion, and oxygen permeability) and additional properties necessary for a better understanding (mercury porosity, capillary water absorption, carbonation, and ammonium nitrate leaching). Mixes of SCC and conventional concrete contained the same raw materials in identical proportions. Test results revealed that the service life of these two concretes could be considered equivalent. Therefore, self-compacting concrete with specific compressive strength can be regarded as durable as shock concrete. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the measurement of durability properties and the service life of concrete structures taking the coefficient of friction on a steel plate for the purpose of comparing concretes with equivalent compressive strength.
ZONEAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DE SÃO JOÃO DO TIGRE
Authors: Vasconcelos Jonatas Oliveira
Published: November 2021

O trabalho consiste na classificação e caracterização das diversas Unidades de Paisagens da Bacia de Jucurutu, localizado no semiárido da Paraíba. Com isso o conhecimento sobre as características presentes na Bacia Hidrográfica de acordo com cada unidade se faz relevante. Desta forma foram utilizados dados secundários visando uma melhor compreensão do local em múltiplos aspectos, como a Geologia, Solos, Uso e Cobertura, Clima e Declividades, pondo em questão as áreas que são mais utilizadas e o porquê deste fato, resultando nas divisões das Unidades de Paisagens e suas especificidades, a exemplo têm-se a porcentagem da área de cada Unidade compreendendo o seu total, cerca de 569.4km². Portanto o estudo visa integrar estes conhecimentos aos domínios científicos, que auxiliarão a população do semiárido fornecendo um melhor conhecimento para o uso da área.
Importância do mapeamento geomorfológico como subsídio aos estudos sobre desertificação
Authors: Rocha Dyego Freitas
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir brevemente algumas técnicas de mapeamento geomorfológico elaboradas por alguns autores, entre eles: ROSS (1992), AB’SABER (1969) e IBGE (2009). Através da revisão de literatura, analisando a importância do mapeamento geomorfológico como ferramenta de análise para os estudos sobre a desertificação. Além disso, são apresentados o uso das geotecnologias para o mapeamento geomorfológico, seja por meio dos Modelos Digitais do Terreno (MDTs) e seus subprodutos: mapas de Declividade, Relevo Sombreado e Mapas hipsométricos ou pelos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica. Diante do conteúdo apresentado, são discutidos alguns estudos selecionados que tratam do uso de mapeamento geomorfológico aplicado aos estudos sobre desertificação, detalhando sucintamente as investigações executadas pelos seguintes autores: AQUINO (2010), SANTOS (2015), LIMA et. al. (2011), OLIVEIRA e CHAVES (2010) e NASCIMENTO (2006).
Caracterização dos sistemas ambientais do Rio Grande do Norte: um enfoque na Depressão Sertaneja
Authors: Oliveira Antônia Vilaneide Lopes Costa de
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de caracterizar a área da depressão sertaneja do Rio Grande do Norte, enquanto sistema ambiental do estado a partir da abordagem geossistêmica. Para tanto, foi realizada intensa revisão bibliográfica, além de trabalho de campo e elaboração de cartas temáticas acerca das caraterísticas físico/ambientais da Depressão Sertaneja do Rio Grande do Norte. Assim, foi possível observar que na área da Depressão Sertaneja os componentes dos sistemas interagem de maneira dinâmica, dando resultado às paisagens atuais, além de forte interação com os sistemas vizinhos, tornando diversas as paisagens na Depressão Sertaneja. Também foi possível perceber que as caracterisiticas naturais e os usos estão fortemente relacionadas às fragilidades na referida área de estudo.
Mapeamento Geomorfológico de detalhe: uma avaliação qualitativa em microescala da estabilidade da paisagem sobre uma microbacia semiárida do Estado de Sergipe
Authors: Paske Henrique
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo produzir um estudo de diagnóstico da fisiologia da paisagem sobre uma microbacia efêmera, localizada no município de Canindé de São Francisco, semiárido do estado de Sergipe. Através da aplicação da técnica de mapeamento em microescala foi possível representar cartograficamente inúmeros processos superficiais, que correspondem, via de regra, a erosão e sedimentação de sistemas fluviais intermitentes sobrepostos pelo uso e ocupação de terras. Os parâmetros de mapeamento da fisiologia da paisagem, levam em consideração uma valoração qualitativa do ambiente, determinando in loco, características e condições da litologia, solos, cobertura vegetal, clima, processos erosivos e uso do solo. Para tanto, foi delimitada uma área de 50x20 metros de largura, entre uma margem e outra do Riacho Cachoeirinho, subdividida em quadrículas de 1m2. Após a documentação das características físicas e tipo de uso de cada quadrícula, foram determinados três níveis de estabilidade do terreno através da identificação de processos de erosão linear e laminar, salinização e endorreísmo do fluxo de água no canal. Como resultado foi possível identificar a real situação ambiental do trecho mapeado, oferecendo importantes subsídios para fins de planejamento no uso e ocupação do solo e dos recursos hídricos.
Caracterização Fisiográfica da Sub-bacia hidrográfica do riacho Bilheira, Taperuaba-CE.
Authors: Barros Renato Oliveira
Published: November 2021

A presente pesquisa busca realizar uma descrição dos componentes físico-naturais, assim como identificar os principais impactos ambientais na Sub-bacia hidrográfica do riacho Bilheira, como forma de subsidiar o planejamento ambiental. A área em estudo possui uma extensão territorial de 75 km², totalmente alocada no sistema hidrográfico do rio Aracatiaçu, onde este por sua vez está inserido na bacia hidrográfica do litoral. A área em estudo está inserida dentre os limites municipais de Sobral mais precisamente nos distritos de Taperuaba e Aracatiaçu. A metodologia consiste na descrição fisiográfica que se tratando de bacias hidrográficas como unidade de estudo, recai como imprescindível. Contudo, a pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico e geocartográfico de autores que discutem a temática abordada, e a realização de trabalhos de campo com o objetivo de correlacionar os resultados alcançados. Dessa forma, percebeu que o processo de uso e ocupação da área se deve a prática da agricultura de subsistência, do extrativismo vegetal e a pecuária extensiva, vindo a provocar desmatamento, solos desnudos, assoreamento, etc.
Impactos hidrometeóricos na cidade de Sobral-CE: episódio do dia 03 de novembro de 2013.
Authors: Soares Lucas Pereira
Published: November 2021

A partir do presente trabalho foi realizada uma análise em torno dos impactos hidrometeóricos, causados pelo evento do dia 03 de novembro de 2013, para a cidade de Sobral-CE. O estudo tem como fundamento teórico-metodológico os ensinamentos de Monteiro (1976), tomando como base, o Sistema Clima Urbano, a partir do subsistema hidrometeórico, com o propósito de realizar um estudo que identifique os impactos oriundos de eventos climáticos responsáveis por variações extremas no ritmo climático. Procurou-se caracterizar a gênese do evento com base na dinâmica atmosférica regional aliada a componente geográfica, em particular o fator climático relevo, algo destacado por Monteiro (1973). O evento por si só demonstra violência e variações que fogem do ritmo habitual, a partir de impactos acentuados devido a interação socioambiental, reveladora das fragilidades ambientais e sociais, frente a problemática oriunda no ambiente urbano.