bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Klimkowicz-Mrowiec Aleksandra
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common, irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system leading to dementia. Despite very intensive and multidirectional research efforts toward finding an effective form of therapy, the current approach remains primarily focused on symptomatic treatment. The effectiveness of procognitive drugs (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) is limited to a minor contribution to improving cognitive abilities, but the drugs do not stop or slow the progression of the disease. Laboratory experiments and clinical trials conducted on the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against various forms of beta-amyloid, the deposits of which are found in large amounts in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, have led in recent years to the registration by the US Food and Drug Administration of two drugs (aducanumab and lecanemab) that potentially modify the course of the disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment or in the early stages of Alzheimer’s dementia. The efficacy of both antibodies in clinical trials, however, fell far short of the expectations that were anticipated at the trial design stage. Evaluation of lecanemab by the European Medicines Agency is expected in the coming months. Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, in addition to cognitive decline, is also associated with the presence of behavioural and mood disorders. Their treatment involves a number of drugs, originally approved for other indications, whose efficacy in dementia varies. This article discusses current pharmacotherapy options for treating cognitive and behavioural disorders in patients with dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.
Assessment of retinal atrophy in mixed breed dogs using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electroretinography
Authors: Balicki Ireneusz , Szadkowski Mateusz , Balicka Agnieszka , Lew Marcin , Trbolova Alexandra
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to characterize retinal atrophy (RA) with progressive retinal atrophy symptoms in mixed breed dogs using ophthalmoscopy, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and electroretinography (ERG).

The study was performed on 13 mixed breed dogs affected by retinal atrophy (11 males and 2 females that were 1.5–14 years old). Depending on the advancement of RA, SD-OCT examinations identified retinal abnormalities ranging from layer disorganisation to advanced atrophy. The most advanced RA occurred ventral to the optic disc. Total retinal thickness in both eyes (mean ± SD) was lower in dogs with RA compared to controls dorsally (77.7 ± 39.5 μm vs 173.5 ± 13.3 μm), ventrally (33.4 ± 29.9 μm vs 139.5 ± 10.8 μm), nasally (65.0 ± 34.5 μm vs 163.9 ± 11.0 μm) and temporally (61.8 ± 41.7 μm vs 171.9 ± 11.1 μm) to the optic disc. In dogs with locally normal architecture of inner retina, loss of definition of outer retinal layers occurred in many regions. Dark and light-adapted ERGs were reduced in 2 dogs with RA and were unrecordable in 11 dogs. Lesions evident in SD-OCT scans of mixed breed dogs affected with retinal atrophy initially appear ventrally to the optic disc and ventro-dorsally in advanced RA. In all mixed breed dogs with retinal atrophy, clinical signs and SD-OCT results correlate with ERG findings.
Combined effect of hypertension and smoking on the death risk: data from a long-term 34-year prospective observation of Tomsk population
Authors: Dolgalev I. V. , Ivanova A. Yu. , Kim Yu. Ch.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To assess the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in smokers with hypertension (HTN) based on the results of a 34-year prospective observation of a Tomsk population.

Material and methods. The study included 630 men and 916 women aged 2059 years who underwent primary screening in 1988-1991. HTN was established with blood pressure (BP) ³140/90 mm Hg and <140/90 mm Hg in persons taking antihypertensive drugs. People who smoked ³1 cigarette per day or stopped smoking less than a year ago were classified as smokers, and those who stopped smoking for more than one year were classified as non-smokers. Over 34-year observation, 535 deaths were identified, of which 232 were from cardiovascular causes.

Results. The combination of hypertension and smoking increases the relative risk (RR) of all-cause death by 3,4 times in the general population, by 2,6 times among men and by 3,4 times among women. The risk of cardiovascular death also increases (RR 3,6). This effect was most pronounced among people in the younger age group (RR 8,5). Hypertensive smokers had a 1,5 times higher risk of premature all-cause death compared with nonsmokers with hypertension. Multivariate analysis found that smoking, regardless of other predictors, increases the all-cause and cardiovascular death risk by 2,61 and 2,77 times, respectively. HTN increases allcause and cardiovascular death risk by 1,32 and 1,52 times, respectively.

Conclusion. Hypertension and smoking are among the most influential modifiable risk factors for premature death, and their combination increases the RR of allcause and cardiovascular death by 3,4 and 3,6 times, respectively. A more unfavorable prognosis has been established for women and young people. When HTN and smoking are combined, the 34-year survival prognosis decreases to 30,8% compared to 79,3% in individuals without these risk factors.
Point-of-care N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing in patients with heart failure: data from the DREAM study
Authors: Belyalov F. I. , Lozhkina N. G. , Shtegman O. A. , Yagudina R. N. , Kankharey O. V. , Reshina I. V. , Sergeeva E. E. , Belyalov D. F. , Belyalova N. S. , Zhilokov Z. Kh. , Aleynikova A. V. , Medvedeva E. A. , Kharitonov A. A.
Published: June 2024

Aim.To compare the blood levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), determined using a Russian semi-quantitative point-of-care test and quantitative laboratory tests, depending on the presence and severity of heart failure (HF) and left ventricular (LV) function.

Material and methods.This Diagnosis of chRonic hEart fAilure using a NTproBNP test Multicenter study (DREAM) was conducted in 79 patients with HF and 24 healthy individuals. Blood NT-proBNP concentrations assessed using an immunochromatographic semiquantitative rapid test were compared with quantitative laboratory test results, severity of heart failure, and LV function.

Results.The study showed that the NT-proBNP rapid test results were highly correlated (correlation coefficient 0,74) with the quantitative test. The NT-proBNP level assessed by the rapid test increases in patients with higher NYHA HF class and does not differ significantly from the quantitative test grades. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the test result relative to natriuretic peptide quantification were 0,97, 0,78, 0,91, and 0,93, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the test result regarding NYHA classes II-IV were 0,95, 0,85, 0,95 and 0,85, and regarding LV ejection fraction <50% — 1,0, 0,24, 0,24, and 1,0, respectively. False-positive rate in the healthy individuals' group were low (4%).

Conclusion.The results of the NT-proBNP rapid test demonstrated acceptable diagnostic accuracy compared to quantitative assessment in patients with HF of varying severity and LV ejection fraction.
Inhospital outcomes of implantation of a centrifugal left ventricular assist device in patients with endstage heart failure: experience of the Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
Authors: Ganaev K. G. , Dzybinskaya E. V. , Narusov O. Yu. , Vlasova E. E. , Amanatova V. A. , Shakhramanova Zh. A. , Latypov R. S. , Mershin K. V. , Pevzner D. V. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Shiryaev A. A. , Akchurin R. S. , Boytsov S. A.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To study the inhospital outcomes of implantation of a centrifugal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF).

Material and methods. There were following inclusion criteria: estimated body surface area >1,2 m2, end-stage HF, LV ejection fraction <30%, cardiac index <2,2 l/min, long-term optimal therapy for HF. Patients were considered for implantation of a centrifugal (LVAD) as part of the final therapy, but subsequent heart transplantation was not ruled out if appropriate.

Results. LVAD was implanted in 23 patients. All patients were men (mean age, 59,1±10 years; mean body mass index, 26±4,6 kg/m2). Ten patients had dilated cardiomyopathy, while 13 — ischemic one. Diabetes was revealed on in 3 (13%) patients, while chronic kidney disease and cancer — in 3 (13%) and 4 (17%) patients, respectively. The mean value of the six-minute walk test (6MWT) upon admission to the hospital was 257±71 meters. In one patient with gastric cancer, the device was implanted as a part of bridging therapy strategy. Thirty-day mortality was 9% (n=2). One of the deceased patients had a long history of end-stage heart failure, body weight deficiency, and frailty with severe muscle weakness. The second death was the result of early postoperative right ventricular failure. At discharge, patients had optimal LVAD performance based on anthropometric characteristics and physical activity. According to echocardiography, the criteria for unloading the left heart chambers have been achieved. The distance of 6MWT at discharge was 298±78 meters.

Conclusion. Inhospital outcomes of implantation of a centrifugal LVAD in patients with end-stage HF demonstrate high efficiency in supporting systemic hemodynamics with an acceptable safety profile in patients with extremely high perioperative risk.
Effectiveness of inclisiran lipid-lowering therapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Moscow healthcare
Authors: Sapina A. I. , Varlamova Yu. Yu. , Papyrina M. G. , Bezymyanny A. S. , Kordzaya E. L. , Vasilyeva E. Yu.
Published: June 2024

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of PCSK9-targeted therapy (inclisiran, alirocumab, and evolocumab) in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and who did not achieve the target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level on basic therapy (statins in maximum tolerated doses and/or ezetimibe).

Material and methods. This observational study included 50 patients receiving the inclisiran and 30 patients of the control group with ASCVD treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (alirocumab, n=1; evolocumab, n=29). In all participants, we assessed medical history data and initially performed electrocardiography, echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound of extracranial and lower limb arteries, and laboratory tests (complete blood count, biochemical and lipid profile). Three Moscow public health facilities took part in the study.

Results. Data on achievement of primary and secondary endpoints by the 12th month are presented. The study groups were comparable in basic clinical characteristics. In inclisiran group, a significant decrease in LDL-C level was found from 2,53±0,7 mmol/l initially to 1,29±0,5 mmol/l (by 49%), p=0,0002; the target LDL-C <1,4 mmol/l was achieved by 73,9% of the subjects. Alirocumab/ evolocumab showed significant lipid-lowering effect with a LDL-C decrease from 2,4±0,9 mmol/l to 1,32±0,7 mmol/l (by 45%), p<0,0001.

Conclusion. The final results are consistent with the intermediate data and indicate not only the possibility of early achievement of target LDL-C levels in PCSK9targeted combination therapy, but their maintenance with a favorable tolerability and safety profile.
Teorias Cinéticas para o Estudo de Reações com e sem Ponto de Sela Bem Definidos: Formação de Malononitrila na Atmosfera de Titã
Authors: Vieira Isabela S. , Freire Paulo T.C. , Spada Rene F.K.
Published: June 2024

A evolução da físico-química passa pela busca de teorias capazes de melhor descreverem os sistemas físicos. O estudo de cinética química é de extrema importância quando tratamos de transformações em sistemas moleculares. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo expôr de forma didática duas teorias complementares associadas a esse estudo: a teoria do estado de transição e a teoria de captura. Ambas as teorias possuem suas especificidades e focam em sistemas com propriedades distintas. Compreendê-las permite a análise de reações independente da existência de estados de transição bem definidos no processo de interesse. Nesse trabalho aplicamos essas teorias em duas reações sequenciais que levam à formação da malononitrila em condições de temperatura condizentes com as encontradas na atmosfera de Titã. A primeira etapaCH2CN + CN + M -> NCCH2NC + M não possui ponto de sela bem definido em seu caminho reacional, portanto, a teoria de captura foi utilizada, enquanto a segunda etapa NCCH2NC → NCCH2CN possui o ponto de sela bem definido em seu caminho reacional, permitindo a aplicação da teoria de estado de transição para seu estudo.
Quality of Life of Adolescents: development and Validation of an Instrument with Students from the Esporte Cidadão Project - Indaiatuba Sports Secretariat (Brazil)
Authors: Constantino Maria Aparecida da Cruz , Peçanha Liana Caron Nazareth , Giron Jemima , Araújo Giodésia Conceição Gomes de , Assumpção Junior Francisco Baptista
Published: June 2024

Abstract Objective Adolescence is a crucial phase in human development, encompassing biological, psychological, and social aspects, representing a period of change and preparation for adulthood. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess the lifestyle of adolescents, based on biopsychosocial indicators. Method After theoretical development, the instrument was administered to 1,289 adolescents aged 12 to 17. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factor analysis. Results The instrument consisted of 51 items across the following dimensions: Eating Habits, Physical Activity, Sleep and Rest, Personal Well-being, Leisure and Entertainment, Stress Management, Preventive Behavior, and Social Relationships. The factor analysis, using loadings above 0.50, suggested the exclusion of 18 items, and the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.802, indicating good internal consistency. Conclusion The final instrument comprised eight domains and 33 items, demonstrating satisfactory psychometric properties of reliability and validity, thus serving as an important research tool.
Decolonial, countercolonial, yet to come Psychology?
Authors: Moebus Ricardo Luiz Narciso , Barreto Alexandre Franca , Moraes Maristela de Melo
Published: June 2024

Abstract Objective Think about Psychology, as a field of knowledge and care practice, despite its rich polyphony, diversity, and multiplicity, kowing that it is originally linked to dualism, individualism, subjectivism, scientism, Eurocentrism, and professionalism. On the other hand, there are undeniable contributions of Brazilian indigenous peoples. With over three hundred surviving peoples, they offer a vast ethnosociobiodiversity. They bring forth knowledge and practices of care and health based on diverse yet convergent Cosmopolitical references, which are integral, integrative, relational, communal, collective, ritualistic, sacralized, ancestral, intuitive, reciprocal, and undisciplinary, as they do not recognize the fragmentation of knowledge into disciplines, nor do they serve the “disciplining of life”. Method This is a scoping review based on the production of contemporary Brazilian indigenous thinkers, bringing their contributions that can and should be recognized by the field of psychology as significant interlocutors in the process of fertilizing and reframing the field towards a psychology that may be decolonial, anticolonial, and yet to come. Results These contributions to help us to think another psychology from the Cosmopolitical reference of Brazil’s indigenous peoples. Conclusion We see a turning point, a shift within the psychological field itself, advancing from a decolonial Psychology, countercolonial Psychology, to a possible yet to come Psychology.
Do big data ao enunciado em This Person Does Not Exist: a questão da colocação em discurso
Authors: Médola Ana Silvia Lopes Davi , Pereira Henrique da Silva
Published: June 2024

Resumo O artigo aborda a enunciação em textos imagéticos produzidos com a incorporação total ou parcial de algoritmos de inteligência artificial (IA), concentrando-se na maneira como o sentido é produzido a partir dos contratos enunciativos estabelecidos na relação de comunicação. A base teórico-metodológica da semiótica discursiva de linha francesa possibilita a análise dos efeitos de sentido gerados no site This Person Does Not Exist, que manifesta uma textualização imagética na qual rostos humanos são incessantemente inventados por meio da utilização de algoritmos de IA e apresentados ao usuário que navega na internet. O estudo examina a articulação entre os atores da enunciação humano e maquínico na colocação em discurso. Observou-se que o ator humano cumpre papéis incoativos nos procedimentos de discursivização, uma vez que é fonte primária da organização do big data e da programação do algoritmo matriz que desencadeia a automação realizada a posteriori pelo ator maquínico que produz as imagens sintéticas, representado pelo algoritmo GAN, e articula diferentes linguagens para o estabelecimento do contrato enunciativo.
Flower therapy and perceived stress in primary health care nursing professionals: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gava Fabiana Gonçalves Seki , Turrini Ruth Natália Teresa
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of Bach flower therapy compared to placebo in reducing perceived stress levels in primary health care nursing professionals. Method: Pragmatic, parallel randomized clinical trial conducted with 87 primary care nursing professionals with self-identified stress, from October 2021 to June 2022, in the cities of Osasco and São Paulo, Brazil. The intervention group (n=43) received the collective flower formula, and the placebo group (n=44) received only the diluent. Data analysis was performed using the linear mixed model, and effect size was measured by partial Eta squared, significance level 5%. Results: Data analysis showed a significant reduction in perceived stress levels within groups (p=0.038). However, there was no significant difference between the study groups (p=0.750). Participants in the intervention group reported a greater perception of changes than participants in the placebo group, but without statistical significance (p=0,089). Conclusion: The floral formula was not more effective than the placebo formula in reducing perceived stress. There was a significant stress reduction among nursing professionals in both study groups, although with a small effect size.
Nursing and waste management in health services: unveiling meanings in the hospital context
Authors: Ferreira Maria José Carvalho , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Valadares Glaucia Valente , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To unveil the meanings that nursing professionals attribute to practices related to waste management in health services, within the hospital context. Method: Qualitative research, whose theoretical and methodological references were, respectively, Complexity Theory and Grounded Theory. A total of 30 nursing professionals from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro participated in the study, between January and August 2022. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection. Results: The professionals indicate the need for better knowledge about waste management in healthcare services, while revealing their understanding on the importance of this process and of themselves as important elements in impacting the environment and health. Conclusion: The complexity of the meanings attributed to healthcare waste management practices indicates the dialogue between the fragility of nursing professionals’ knowledge and their expanded perceptions about the impacts they can have on this reality.
Enfermagem e o gerenciamento de resíduos nos serviços de saúde: desvelando significados no contexto hospitalar
Authors: Ferreira Maria José Carvalho , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Valadares Glaucia Valente , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Desvelar os significados que profissionais de enfermagem atribuem às práticas relacionadas ao gerenciamento de resíduos nos serviços de saúde, no contexto hospitalar. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, cujos referenciais teórico e metodológico foram, respectivamente, a Teoria da Complexidade e Grounded Theory. Participaram do estudo 30 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro, entre janeiro e agosto de 2022. A entrevista semiestruturada foi utilizada para a coleta de dados. Resultados: Os profissionais sinalizam a necessidade de melhores conhecimentos sobre gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde, ao tempo que revelam compreender a importância desse processo e de si mesmos como elementos importantes para impactarem o meio ambiente e a saúde. Conclusão: A complexidade dos significados atribuídos às práticas de gerenciamento de resíduos de saúde sinaliza a dialógica entre a fragilidade de conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem e suas percepções ampliadas sobre os impactos que podem exercer nessa realidade.
Cross-cultural nursing care for immigrant women during pregnancy and childbirth: experiences and vulnerabilities
Authors: Zarth Maryellen Dornelles , Fernández Pamela Ayala , Baggio Maria Aparecida , Zilly Adriana , Gamarra Carmen Justina , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak da
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences and vulnerabilities for cross-cultural nursing care for immigrant women during pregnancy and delivery. Method: Exploratory, qualitative research, in the light of the Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care, in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, through interviews with eight postpartum woman and 18 nurses, between February and September 2022. The interpretation of meanings was adopted for analysis. Results: The categories of analysis emerged: Experiences, vulnerabilities and acculturation of immigrant women during pregnancy and delivery; Cross-cultural care and vulnerabilities experienced by immigrants in Brazilian health services. Vulnerabilities were identified in Cultural and Social Structure Dimensions expressed in access to work, low socioeconomic conditions, lack of family and social support and specific services for this population. The potentialities experienced included good care provided by health services, quality of the multidisciplinary team and appreciation of professional knowledge, however, the understanding of expectations and cultural aspects needs to be deepened. Final considerations: Understand that immigrant women experience situations of vulnerability in pregnancy and childbirth, in the Brazilian context, mainly related to social and programmatic dimensions. However, potentialities were also experienced, evidenced by positive aspects in cross-cultural nursing care in Brazil.
Preditores de progressão da doença renal policística autossômica dominante: uma coorte brasileira de centro único
Authors: Nishimoto Igor Hitoshi , Santos Andrey Gonçalves , Bianchini Júlia Mandelbaun , Santos Luiz Gustavo Brenneisen , Martini Maria Carolina Rodrigues , Silva Vanessa dos Santos , Martin Luis Cuadrado
Published: June 2024

Resumo Introdução: É importante identificar fatores de risco para progressão da doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD). Entretanto, são escassos os estudos que avaliam esse assunto utilizando amostra brasileira. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores de risco para desfechos renais e óbito em coorte brasileira de pacientes com DRPAD. Métodos: Os pacientes tiveram o primeiro atendimento médico entre janeiro/2002 e dezembro/2014, sendo acompanhados até dezembro/2019. Associações entre variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais com desfecho primário (redução sustentada de pelo menos 57% na TFGe em relação ao valor basal, necessidade de diálise ou transplante renal) e desfecho secundário (óbito por qualquer causa) foram analisadas pelo modelo de regressão múltipla de Cox. Entre 80 pacientes com DRPAD, foram excluídos aqueles menores de 18 anos, com TFG <30 mL/min/1,73 m2 e/ou aqueles com dados ausentes. Foram acompanhados 70 pacientes. Resultados: Fatores independentemente associados aos desfechos renais foram: comprimento renal total – Razão de Risco (HR) ajustada com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%): 1,137 (1,057–1,224), taxa de filtração glomerular – HR (IC 95%): 0,970 (0,949–0,992) e nível sérico de ácido úrico - HR (IC 95%): 1,643 (1,118–2,415). Diabetes mellitus – HR (IC 95%): 8,115 (1,985–33,180) e TFG – HR (IC 95%): 0,957 (0,919–0,997) foram associados ao desfecho secundário. Conclusões: Esses achados corroboram a hipótese de que comprimento renal total, TFG e nível sérico de ácido úrico podem ser importantes preditores prognósticos de DRPAD em uma coorte brasileira, o que pode ajudar a selecionar pacientes que necessitam de acompanhamento mais próximo.
Influência da Anquiloglossia neonatal na amamentação exclusiva nos seis primeiros meses de vida: estudo de coorte
Authors: Batista Christyann Lima Campos , Pereira Alex Luiz Pozzobon
Published: June 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência da anquiloglossia na prevalência e no tempo de exclusividade do aleitamento materno de lactentes a termo até o sexto mês de vida. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado com 225 díades mãe-bebê que foram acompanhadas nos seis primeiros meses de vida em centro especializado em amamentação em um hospital terciário. Lactentes a termo com anquiloglossia do tipo assintomática (sem necessidade de cirurgia) foram comparados com lactentes sem alteração em um acompanhamento mensal. O diagnóstico de anquiloglossia foi realizado através do Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, sendo considerados com diagnóstico positivo aqueles com escore menores ou iguais a 5 considerando os aspectos funcionais e anatômicos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através de estatística descritiva, regressão logística (determinantes do desmame), risco relativo e curvas de sobrevivência (para analisar o tempo de aleitamento entre os grupos com e sem anquiloglossia). Resultados A anquiloglossia esteve associada com o desmame (considerado ainda que parcial) antes do sexto mês de vida. Após análise ajustada, foi detectado maior risco de desmame nos lactentes com a alteração presente, com risco presente a partir do segundo mês de vida. Na análise de sobrevida, o tempo de aleitamento nos lactentes com anquiloglossia foi menor quando comparadas às crianças sem alteração. Conclusão Em comparação com lactentes com freio lingual normal, os bebês com anquiloglossia apresentaram tempo menor de aleitamento exclusivo, porém bem acima da média observada na população geral. O risco de desmame para este grupo também foi maior.
From the Criminalization of Substances to the “War on Drugs” Policy: A Century of Prohibitionism in Brazil
Authors: Silva José Guilherme Magalhães e , Zilli Luís Felipe , Souza Letícia Godinho de
Published: June 2024

Abstract In 1921, Decree 4,294 defined prohibitionism as the referential model of state response to drugs in Brazil. One century later, not only is the approach still enshrined in national legislation but also materialized in a complex institutional and bureaucratic network of governance and public policies. This paper examines the evolution of drug policies in Brazil over the past century, exploring how a web of normative, political, and institutional devices converged to entrench the hegemony of the prohibitionist approach in public responses to drugs. A systematic analysis of national and international legislation reveals that the prohibitionist enterprise was successful in Brazil due to two factors: i) as an ideational set, it was integrated into structuring discursive fields of Brazilian political culture, dialoguing with the stigmatization of marginalized populations and criminalization of their practices; and ii) as an ordering principle of public policy, it has demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability, incorporating elements of alternative models into its framework without compromising its fundamental structures. Political innovations implemented in Brazil since the 1990s (especially decriminalization and damage reduction models) have been able to neither shake the definition of drugs as a moral and criminal problem, nor prevent its instrumentalization as a policy of socio-spatial control of lower classes.
Indicadores antropométricos como preditores de dinapenia em pessoas idosas: uma análise transversal
Authors: Santana Pabline dos Santos , Santos Lucas dos , Leal Neto João de Souza , Souza Adriano Almeida , Santos Emille Silva , Casotti Cezar Augusto
Published: June 2024

Resumo Introdução: Como consequência do envelhecimento, a pessoa idosa tornase mais propícia ao acometimento da dinapenia, o que aumenta o risco de mortalidade. Torna-se imprescindível, portanto, a proposição de ferramentas de baixo custo para o rastreio de tal desfecho. Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos para o rastreio da dinapenia em pessoas idosas. Métodos: Pesquisa epidemiológica censitária e transversal, conduzida com 196 pessoas idosas. Os preditores elencados foram: índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do braço (CB), circunferência da panturrilha (CP), circunferência muscular do braço e área muscular do braço corrigida. Nas análises foram utilizados os testes t de Student ou U de Mann-Whitney (comparações) e a curva receiver operating characteristic (capacidade preditiva). Em todas as análises foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de dinapenia foi na ordem de 26,60% nos homens e de 24,80% nas mulheres. Observouse que as pessoas idosas com dinapenia apresentaram menores valores nos indicadores antropométricos quando comparadas às sem dinapenia (p < 0,05). No sexo masculino, o indicador mais sensível à dinapenia foi o IMC (71,43%), enquanto o mais específico foi a CB (93,10%). Entre as mulheres, o indicador mais sensível à dinapenia foi a CP (76,92%) e o mais específico foi a CB (77,27%). Conclusão: Verificouse que o IMC e a CP demonstraram, respectivamente, melhor capacidade para o rastreio dos homens e das mulheres com dinapenia. Ademais, a CB foi o indicador que melhor identificou as pessoas idosas, de ambos os sexos, sem o desfecho.
Descolonizando a Educação Popular em Saúde: por uma inclusão das visões indígenas na promoção de territórios culturalmente saudáveis e seguros
Authors: Hélène Laperrière
Published: June 2024

Mesmo com as intenções de desenvolver territórios saudáveis, a integração em comunidade não garante a atitude descolonial. Como viver juntos em territórios culturalmente seguros, indígenas e não indígenas, com uma relação horizontal de cooperação? Como desenvolver práticas descolonizadoras de educação social e popular em saúde? Um ensaio crítico-reflexivo vivencial se apresenta aos leitores como um exercício de introspeção com horizonte autobiográfico do sujeito escrevendo. Influenciada por experiências brasileiras, a autora revisita seus territórios no Canadá com um olhar de descobrimento. O objetivo é sistematizar e problematizar experiências populares em sua relação com o território para visualizar formas de criar territórios saudáveis. A performance, como epistemologia corporal e cenestésica (movimento), é o método pelo qual uma pessoa pode seguir adiante para se entender melhor as dinâmicas sociais historicamente opressoras e recapturar a importância dessas dimensões nos ensinamentos.
CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UM INSTRUMENTO PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES MAKER ESCOLARES
Authors: Santos Elio Molisani Ferreira , Venancio Valkiria , Onisaki Hadassa Harumi Castelo , Lopes Roseli de Deus
Published: June 2024

Escolas da educação básica estão investindo cada vez mais em espaços de aprendizagem maker, porém não existem pesquisas orientadas que permitam compreender com mais profundidade as concepções por trás da implementação e utilização desses ambientes. Este trabalho apresenta o caminho traçado durante o desenvolvimento e a validação do conteúdo de um instrumento de pesquisa para avaliação dos Ambientes Maker Escolares. O instrumento foi construído com 16 itens, divididos em questões dissertativas e objetivas de múltipla escolha. Empregando o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVC) para medir validade e concordância, o instrumento foi avaliado por seis juízes experientes em educação maker quanto à clareza da linguagem (CVCT = 0,91248), pertinência prática (CVCT = 0,96665) e relevância teórica (CVCT = 0,96748). Os resultados globais para todos os critérios atingiram valores maiores de 0,90000, indicando níveis aceitáveis de excelência quanto ao grau de confiabilidade e de concordância do instrumento entre especialistas no assunto. Para melhor ajuste da proposta, os autores fizeram uma revisão do conteúdo do instrumento, aprimorando as questões de acordo com as sugestões fornecidas pelos juízes. Como resultado deste trabalho foi gerado um instrumento de pesquisa abrangente que poderá auxiliar pesquisadores, gestores e professores a obter informações acerca da concepção, implementação, utilização, gestão e divulgação de um Ambiente Maker Escolar.
Lo que piensan, dicen y hacen los docentes rurales. Narrativas socio ambientales del territorio
Authors: Marín Mejía Milena
Published: June 2024

El presente escrito presenta los resultados de una investigación que analiza las reflexiones y prácticas asociadas a la Educación Ambiental de un grupo de docentes rurales adscritos a la Secretaría de Educación de Antioquia, quienes participaron en una experiencia de  formación. Así que desde una perspectiva cualitativa-interpretativa se analizaron las narrativas audiovisuales elaboradas por los participantes las cuales permitieron reconocer lo que piensan, dicen y hacen en relación con los retos y problemáticas ambientales del territorio. En este sentido, las narrativas como técnicas de recogida de datos, posibilitaron a los docentes externalizar los sentires de los docentes, y a partir de un análisis de contenido, se reconocieron las iniciativas que se están llevando a cabo en algunas instituciones educativas rurales y sus características desde una mirada singular propia de cada contexto, que son determinantes al momento de emprender cualquier acción transformadora.
Национальное мягкое право как правовой феномен и инструмент повышения стабильности законодательства
Authors: Usenkov Ivan
Published: June 2024

Предметом исследования является феномен мягкого права применительно к нацио-нальному праву . Цель исследования — проанализировать указанный феномен и вы-явить его сущность, роль и место, а также влияние на правовую стабильность . Методологический аппарат статьи сформирован на основе методов формальной логики, системного и структурного анализа, мысленного эксперимента, методов правового прогнозирования и толкования правовых норм, моделирования с применением идеальных моделей, сравнительного анализа и экстраполяции . На основе анализа актуальных достижений зарубежной и отечественной научной мысли выявляются и систематизируются признаки мягкого права, позволяющие отграничить его как от традиционного права, так и от неправовых явлений . Указанный анализ производится в контексте актуализации категории «мягкое право», достаточно широко исследо-ванной применительно к международным отношениям и к национальным системам права . Предлагаются авторские дефиниция и классификация мягкого права, рас-крываются феномен «правовой легитимности» и детерминанты создания мягкого права . Сформулирован вывод о том, что для признания мягко-правовой сущности нормы необходимо, чтобы она, не обладая хотя бы одним из обязательных призна-ков нормы традиционного права, чаще всего — общеобязательной нормативности, была способна порождать косвенные правовые последствия либо значительные последствия неправового характера . Также рассматриваются некоторые официальные документы, которые широко представлены в отечественном правовом регулировании и могут быть обозначены в качестве актов национального мягкого права . Предпринята попытка не только постулировать их особый статус, но и обосновать наличие у них признаков мягкого права . По результатам исследования можно заявлять о наличии подобных признаков у официальных разъяснений, документов планирования и актов рекомендательного характера . Также рассмотрено влияние подобных документов на стабильность российского законодательства . Выявлен их значительный потенциал в указанной области, поскольку акты национального мягкого права, во-первых, сами по себе обладают большей стабильностью, чем акты традиционного права, во-вторых, позволяют избежать дополнительных изменений в законодательстве .Для цитирования: Усенков И.А. Национальное мягкое право как правовой феномен и инструмент повышения стабильности законодательства // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. Т. 15. № 1. С. 28–58. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.1.28.58.
Цифровизация общества и объекты наследственного правопреемства
Authors: Volos Aleksey
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена ключевым вопросам, возникающим при включении цифровых объектов в наследственную массу. Рассматривается, как «классическая» теория наследственного права может быть использована для разрешения указанной проблемы и какие уточнения должны быть в этой теории сделаны. Целью исследования является рассмотрение особенностей категории «объекты наследственного правопреемства» и ее трансформации в связи с происходящими в настоящее время процессами цифровизации общества. Для достижения данной цели автор в первой части работы рассматривает общие вопросы теории объектов наследственного правопреемства. Во второй части статьи анализируются проблемы отнесения некоторых объектов гражданских правоотношений, возникших в процессе цифровизации общества, к наследственной массе (цифровые права, криптовалюты, аккаунты в социальных сетях). В третьей части статьи, используя индуктивные рассуждения, исследователь формулирует общие концептуальные проблемы развития законодательства, связанные с «цифровыми» объектами наследственного правопреемства. Сделан вывод, что возможны следующие законодательные решения выявленных проблем: установление полного запрета на наследование «цифровых» активов; создание отдельного правового регулирования наследственных отношений специально под цифровые активы; допущение факта включения в наследственную массу цифрового объекта только при условии его введения в оборот; допущение некоторых особенностей наследования «цифровых объектов». Несомненно, выбор подхода зависит от государственной политики в сфере цифровой экономики, которая, в свою очередь, должна исходить из научно обоснованных концепций и реальных предложений. Позиция автора заключается в том, что правовое регулирования «цифровых» наследственных отношений в России может быть основано на смешанном методе, включающим совокупность традиционных и технологических методов деятельности. Такой метод наиболее коррелирует с допущением включения в наследственную массу «цифрового объекта» только при условии его реального введения в оборот.Для цитирования: Волос А.А. Цифровизация общества и объекты наследственного правопреемства // Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2022. № 3. С. 51–71. DOI:10.17323/2072-8166.2022.3.51.71.
Логика в праве возможна
Authors: Ryskel'dieva Lora
Published: June 2024

Рецензия на книгу: Как возможна логика в праве / под ред. М.В. Антонова и др. СПб.: Алетейя, 2021. 456 с.
Ислам и конституции арабских стран
Authors: Syukiyaynen Leonid
Published: June 2024

Исламские нормы, принципы и институты оказывают заметное влияние на конституции всех арабских стран, за исключением Ливана. Ислам отражается на конституционном закреплении характера государства, основ власти и общества. Конституции ряда государств прямо провозглашают государство исламским и подчеркивают исламскую принадлежность государства, народа или нации. Конституции почти всех арабских стран закрепляют статус ислама как государственной религии и статус шариата как источника законодательства. Исламские начала пронизывают конституционное регулирование прав и свобод человека  — например, свобода вероисповедания в ряде стран ограничена исламскими нормами. Данные предписания включаются в понятие публичного порядка, нормативно закрепленного в некоторых арабских странах. Ислам и шариат прямо воздействуют на конституционные нормы относительно правового статуса женщин, семьи, образования, свободы слова и мнения, деятельности СМИ и научного творчества, а также свободы ассоциаций. Среди обязанностей человека конституции ряда стран называют защиту религии. Отдельные конституции предусматривают, что все права человека должны толковаться в рамках шариата. Регулирование организации и деятельности государственных органов также подвержено влиянию исламских начал. Принципы совещательности, справедливости и равенства считаются основами исламской власти. Исламские нормы отражаются в статусе главы государства, который в указанных странах должен быть мусульманином. В ряде стран высший законодательный орган в соответствии с исламской традицией носит название консультативного совета. Иногда строгое следование исламским ритуалам включается в число требований, которым должен отвечать кандидат в депутаты парламента. Конституции отдельных стран предусматривают создание специальных государственных или иных структур, прямо связанных с исламом и шариатом; таковы, например, Аль-Азхар в Египте, Высший исламский совет в Алжире, Высший совет фетв и жалоб в Мавритании. Конституционный статус ислама и шариата в Саудовской Аравии обладает существенной спецификой — Коран и Сунна Пророка объявлены конституцией страны. Эти два источника рассматриваются стоящими выше всего законодательства Королевства.
Removal of heavy metals from industrial paint effluent using coconut shell-derived activated carbon
Authors: Modupe Elizabeth Ojewumi , Taiwo Teminiwura Ruth , Kayode Joshua Jolayemi , Emmanuel Omotayo Ojewumi
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated the adsorption of heavy metals from paint industry effluent onto activated carbon produced from Coconut shells. The paint effluent samples were characterized before and after treatment via Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to identify the heavy metal ions present in the samples. The adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon and the effect of varying adsorbent particle size, impregnation ratio, and contact time were determined. The activated carbon from coconut shells was characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the surface morphology and surface-active functional group. The SEM revealed development in pore size after adding a chemical activator to create functional adsorption sites. The finding concluded that the smaller particle size of adsorbents, higher surface area, higher contact time, and higher impregnation ratio increase the efficiency of the adsorption process.
BAF_Protocol_013_Lipidomics: Database Search MS-DIAL and Analysis using Metaboanalyst 6.0 v1
Authors: Sherman Nicholas
Published: June 2024

These steps represent a starting point for analysis of lipidomics data. Other data analysis and/or packages may be used.
The Effect of Different Temperatures on Addition of Powdered Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 on Peanut Chocolate Jam Towards Total Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Sublethal Injury, pH, and Total Acids
Authors: Rahayu Rizka Amalia , Kamil Rafli Zulfa , Legowo Anang Mohamad
Published: June 2024

Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 is an indigenous probiotic that was isolated from Dadih. Peanut chocolate jam has the potential to be developed into a probiotic food product. However, peanut chocolate jam involves a heating process which can affect the number of probiotics and their metabolic processes. This research aims to determine the optimal temperature of L. plantarum Dad-13 probiotic powder in addition to peanut chocolate jam products. The different temperatures of probiotic powder L. plantarum Dad-13 addition at 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC were used to measure total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sublethal injury, pH value, and total acids. Total lactic acid bacteria and sublethal injury were measured by Total Plate Count (TPC), pH value was measured by pH meter and total acids were analyzed using the titration method. Results show significant differences (p<0,05) on total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and sublethal injury. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulting in a value of 8.04±0.02 to 7.67±0.05 and sublethal injury 0.04±0.01 to 0.26±0.03. Meanwhile, no significant differences (p>0,05) in pH value (7.20±0.16 to 7.30±0.15) and total acids (0.09±0.01 to 0.08±0.01). The best temperature of L. plantarum Dad-13 probiotic powder addition on peanut chocolate jam was at 30–40 oC because it showed the highest amount of total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the least sublethal injury.
ENTRE CARVALHOS E PALMEIRAS: PRÁTICA E DOGMA NA REFORMA CATÓLICA NO BISPADO DE MARIANA (1820 – 1890)
Authors: Fernandes Thales Contin
Published: June 2024

no alvorecer do século XIX a Igreja Católica Romana via-se cercada por inimigos, os ideais liberais e nacionalistas se espalhavam por toda Europa, reverberados pelos ecos da Revolução Francesa, que poucos anos antes abalara as estruturas do Antigo Regime. A reação de Roma, contudo, não tardou vindo em forma de uma negação radical da chamada “Modernidade”. Apesar do inflamado discurso antimoderno, a Igreja não ficou – e nem poderia ter ficado – inerte às mudanças ocorridas, o que se evidencia pelo discurso civilizatório elaborados pelos reformadores católicos desse período, indissociáveis dos signos de sua época. Esse artigo pretende explorar a ação reformista dos Padres da Congregação da Missão de São Vicente de Paulo, os lazaristas, à medida em que esses buscavam emular e resgatar os feitos congregados de outrora, evocando-os contra os males trazidos pela modernidade, porém dela extraindo suas armas.
A FORÇA DO TERRITÓRIO: AS YABASSÉS E O CORPO FEMININO DE RESISTÊNCIA NA CERIMÔNIA DE OLUBAJÉ NUM TERREIRO DE UMBANDA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL
Authors: D’Arêde Cláudia de Oliveira d’Arêde , Bonne Jaqueline C. M. Bonifácio
Published: June 2024

Seguindo caminhos ao longo do desenvolvimento de uma sociedade, observamos em diversos espaços geográficos o papel da mulher como aquela que gera, nutre não somente os seus, mas toda uma comunidade se assim for necessário. Pensar a construção de um território é pensar quem são os atores que sustentam a base para que a continuidade seja possível ao longo de gerações. As culturas de matriz africana, enfatizando o recorte dentro das religiões, possuem esta base muito bem representada. Podemos pontuar aqui o papel que a Yabassé ocupa, não apenas ali no ilê mas acaba sendo uma postura que ultrapassa uma roça, estamos falando de uma força que solidifica a importância que essas mulheres ocupam em seu papel social. Gerar vida é para além do simbolismo de procriação e através da alimentação se perpetua a vida, resistência, conhecimento, circularidade e oralidade.
HISTÓRIA COMO RUÍNA: TÁTICAS DE RESISTÊNCIA DE UM CORPO ENEGRECIDO
Authors: Santos Wheber Mendes dos , Melo José Carlos Pessôa de
Published: June 2024

Este artigo explora a jornada de Francisco, homem negro, bissexual e cisgênero, na academia, destacando os desafios de vivência na universidade através dos processos de assujeitamento do dispositivo histórico. Francisco compartilha suas experiências no curso de História, revelando a falta de representatividade, superficialidade nas abordagens afro-brasileiras e os dilemas emocionais enfrentados. A pesquisa adota uma metodologia que mapeia as influências do dispositivo histórico na constituição de sujeitos dissidentes, utilizando a genealogia de Foucault e Carneiro, História Oral de Delgado e a Psico-História de Silva. Essas abordagens visam compreender como as narrativas históricas contribuem para o epistemicídio e impactam a formação de identidades individuais e coletivas. A análise psicanalítica complementa a compreensão dos processos sociais de formação. O artigo busca contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de reformular as estruturas acadêmicas e históricas, garantindo a inclusão de todas as vozes na narrativa histórica