bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Kelainan Refraksi Mata Pada Anak Di SD N 3 Bantul
Authors: Muhammad Alfian Muzakki  , Kuntadi Wahyu Widadi  , Mia Ayu Nadia
Published: August 2023

There are parents disobey if their child has symptoms of myopia. If the eye examination is not conducted. This research aim to help parents identify the visual impairment disorders in children at SD N3 Bantul. The eye examination was carried out by using a subjective examination method. Based on the results, the data show 30 students in grades 5 A and B at SD N 03 Bantul have refractive errors. 6 students aged 11 years have myopia refractive error. 3 participants with a PD of 58mm were OD S -1.00 OS Plano with the dominant eye of the left eye. 5 participants with PD 58 showed an ODS of S-1.00. 5 participants including OD S-1.00 OS Plano. 5 participants namely ODS S -0.25 D PD 58. 3 participants namely OD S -0.50 OS Plano PD 58. 9 participants namely ODS S -0.50 D.
Characterization of begomoviruses associated with emerging mosaic disease of ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis L.) in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Vignesh S , P Renukadevi , G Karthikeyan
Published: August 2023

A systematic field survey was conducted in ivy gourd fields of Tamil Nadu during the year 2019-2021. The infected plants manifesting prominent chlorosis, mosaic, puckering, and yellow mosaic symptoms on leaves were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the infection of begomoviruses. Amplicons of PCR from 5 samples were sequenced. 4 samples were infected with tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and one with Coccinia mosaic Tamil Nadu virus (CoMoTNV). The nucleotide sequences from isolates IGT-1 (OR041745) and IGP-1 (OR041746) have an identity of 96-98% with ToLCNDV isolate infecting chrysanthemum (MG758145) from Karnataka. Another isolate IGD-1 (OR041747) had 99.3% identity with tomato infecting ToLCNDV isolate (MW538662) from Raipur and isolate IGE-1 (OR041748) had 98.4% highest identity with the previously reported ToLCNDV isolates of India infecting bitter gourd. The IGS-1 (OR028863) isolate 98.9% identity at the nucleotide level with previously reported CoMoTNV (KY860899) infecting ivy gourd from Tamil Nadu. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ToLCNDV isolates infecting ivy gourd were grouped under three different clusters reported previously reported from different parts of the globe. The present investigation reports the emergence of begomoviruses (ToLCNDV and CoMoTNV) on ivy gourd growing in different parts of Tamil Nadu.
Optimization of yield and quality of hull-less seeded pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) through foliar application
Authors: . Monika , Dhatt AS , Sharma Madhu , Meena OP , Ram Hari , Khosa Jiffinvir Singh , Sidhu Mohinder Kaur
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted during the spring 2021 and 2022 at Vegetable Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana for optimization of yield and quality of hull-less seeded pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca) through foliar applications. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design with thirteen treatments viz., T1 (control-water spray), T2 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5%), T3 (MgSO4 @ 0.5%), T4 (KNO3 @ 0.5%), T5 (B @ 0.5%), T6 (ZnSO4 @ 1.0%), T7 (MgSO4 @ 1.0%), T8 (KNO3 @ 1.0%), T9 (B @ 1.0%), T10 (ZnSO4 + MgSO4 + KNO3 + B; each @ 0.5%), T11 (ZnSO4 + MgSO4 + KNO3 + B; each @ 1.0%), T12 (Salicylic acid @ 100ppm) and T13 (Salicylic acid @ 200 ppm), replicated thrice. All thirteen foliar treatments exhibited significant influence on horticultural yield and quality traits of hull-less seeded pumpkin cv. PAU Magaz Kadoo-1. Among horticultural traits, maximum vine length was observed in T10 (ZnSO4 + MgSO4 + KNO3 + B; each @ 0.5%) while, salicylic acid @ 200 ppm (T13) gave highest leaf length, leaf width and petiole length. Minimum days to 50 % male and female flowering as well as harvest were observed with foliar application of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (T2). ZnSO4 + MgSO4 + KNO3+ B; each @ 0.5% (T10) and MgSO4 @ 0.5% (T3) significantly affected the fruit yield traits like polar and equatorial diameter of fruit, flesh thickness, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per plot, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot and seed yield traits viz., number of seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Quality traits like seed color, dry matter, oil content, protein content, ash content, fiber, total sugar and reducing sugar too were maximized by foliar application of T10 (ZnSO4+ MgSO4 + KNO3 +B; each @ 0.5%) and T3 (MgSO4 @ 0.5%). Consequent to the above and the cost involved, T3 (MgSO4 @ 0.5%) can be adjudged as the best treatment for enhancing the growth and yield of PAU Magaz Kadoo-1. Thus, four foliar applications of MgSO4 @ 0.5% at fortnightly interval with the onset of 50% flowering can significantly improve hull-less seeded pumpkin’s horticultural, yield and quality attributes.
Influence of potassium and sulphur nutrition on quality of garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Sandhu Sangram Singh , Singh Kulbir , Sharma Madhu , Singh Dhanwinder , Chawla Neena , Talwar Dilpreet
Published: August 2023

The field experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm and Biochemistry laboratory, PAU, Ludhiana during Rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to study the effect of potassium and sulphur on the quality of garlic. The experiment comprised of sixteen treatment combinations with four levels each of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K /ha) and sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg S/ha). It was laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Variety ‘PG-18’ was used as plant material. Potassium and sulphur were applied as basal dose at bed preparation. The results depicted that quality parameters were influenced by with these nutrients. Maximum allicin (12.19 and 12.64 mg/g), TSS (41.3 and 41.5%), ascorbic acid (21.64 mg/100 g dry weight and 21.81 mg/100 g dry weight) and total minerals (53.17 mg/100g dry weight and 53.56 mg/100g dry weight), dry matter (42.40 and 42.97%), total protein (120.8 and 112.1 mg/g) were recorded with application of 60 kg/ ha potassium and 30 kg/ ha of sulphur respectively. Maximum phenols (0.54 mg/g) and total sugars (182.2 mg/g) was recorded under the interaction of 60 kg/ ha potassium and 30 kg/ ha of sulphur.
Deciphering genetic variability in melon (Cucumis melo L.) using morphological characters
Authors: Tara Koku K , Choudhary Harshawardhan , Yadav Ramesh   K , Kumari Jyoti , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Shankar Kripa
Published: August 2023

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were investigated in 96 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes from 4 horticultural or 6 varietal groups using 10 quantitative traits. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was enough variation among the genotypes for all the attributes. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations (PCV and GCV) were observed for node to first male flower (40.98 and 31.3%), average fruit weight (36.23 and 30.8%) and total soluble solids (28.01 and 26.67%), while days to first male flower anthesis (10.49 and 8.85%) and days to first female flower anthesis (8.86 and 7.4%) had the least coefficients of variations. The high difference between PCV and GCV estimates exhibited that environmental factors had more influence on trait expression. High heritability coupled with high-moderate GAM was observed for TSS and flesh thickness, indicating that additive genes govern these traits and that these traits could be effectively breed through selective improvement. Nine promising genotypes were identified for further breeding for earliness and lateness in order to extend melon supply in the market.
Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on growth and quality of Indian bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) var. typicus]
Authors: Kumari Madhu , Soni Anil K. , Choudhary Gulab , Goswami Bablu , Bairwa SK
Published: August 2023

Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L. var. typicus) also known as Sem or Dolichos bean belongs to the family Fabaceae and originated from India. There are two types of cultivated species. viz, Lablab purpureus var. typicus is a vegetable type cultivated for its soft and edible pods and Lablab purpureus var. lignosus is the field bean cultivated for dry seeds as pulse. It is a multipurpose crop grown for pulse, vegetables and forage. This crop is mostly grown throughout tropical regions of Asia, Africa and America. In India, it is grown as a field crop in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra. In India, it is grown in 230 thousand hectares area with an average production of 2278 thousand metric pods.
VRCAR-252 (INGR22088): Anthocyanin-rich petaloid-CMS line of black carrot with better heterotic potential
Authors: Singh BK , Karmakar Pradip
Published: August 2023

The storage root of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is one of the richest sources of various pigments and has commercial significance globally. It is broadly categorized into two segments, i.e., anthocyanin/purple group (Black and Rainbow carrot) and carotenoid group (Orange, Red and Yellow carrot) on the basis of the presence of root pigments. Black carrot root is comprised with dark purple (solid purple) pigmentation of both root exterior (epidermal layer) and root interior [cortex (outer-phloem), phloem and xylem (core)]; and is one of the greatest sources of anthocyanins possessing very high antioxidative ability.
La salud mental en tiempos de crisis: un análisis de la depresión y el suicidio en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19 en el Perú
Authors: HURTADO SANTA CRUZ Isaías Joel HURTADO SANTA CRUZ , ONOFRE YANTAS Sherly Royalith
Published: August 2023

Este artículo analiza la situación de la depresión y el suicidio en el Perú, considerando el impacto y los desafíos que ha supuesto la pandemia de COVID-19. Se empleó el método de revisión bibliográfica, consultando 12 artículos científicos sobre el tema. Los resultados se agruparon en tres categorías: el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la depresión y el suicidio en el Perú, los factores asociados a estos problemas y las estrategias para prevenirlos y atenderlos. Se encontró que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado negativamente la salud mental de los peruanos, incrementando los niveles de depresión y suicidio. Se observó que la depresión y el suicidio son más frecuentes entre las mujeres, los jóvenes y el personal sanitario. Se identificaron diversos factores que están relacionados con la depresión y el suicidio en el Perú, como el estrés psicosocial, la soledad, el duelo y la pobreza. Se propusieron algunas estrategias para prevenir y atender la depresión y el suicidio en el Perú, basadas en los principios de la atención primaria de salud y la salud mental comunitaria. Se concluyó que la depresión y el suicidio son problemas graves y complejos que requieren una atención integral e interdisciplinaria.
Matemática lúdica y aprendizaje implícito en estudiantes del segundo grado de primaria, Aucayacu 2022
Authors: Salazar Mucha Wilfredo César , Arellano Rivera Edwin Jhonny , Lino Trujillo Gely Evelyn , Trujillo Lino Thais Estrellita
Published: August 2023

La investigación se ejecutó en el 2° grado de educación Primaria de la IE Inca Huiracocha de Aucayacu, Huánuco. El nivel de estudio es descriptiva correlacional. 99 estudiantes conformaron la población y 53 niños conformaron la muestra. Se utilizó la técnica de la observación para el acopio de datos con su respectivo instrumento con 20 ítems que se relacionaron con las dimensiones de cada variable de estudio. Estos ítems fueron validados antes de comprender la relación entre la matemática lúdica y el aprendizaje. Debido a que el presente estudio no busca cambiar las variables de estudio, se enmarca dentro de la categoría de investigaciones observacionales, que solo describen cómo deben de ser utilizados por expertos en la materia, lo que los hace confiables y consistentes donde se incluyen las escalas Siempre (5), casi siempre (4), a veces (3), casi nunca (2) y nunca(1). Se empleó coeficiente de relación de Pearson para calcular la correlación entre nuestras variables, y se encuentra que existe una correlación de 0,8998, lo que demuestra una correlación positiva fuerte entre las variables matemática lúdica y aprendizaje implícito.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Yoghurt bagi Guru dan Siswa SDN 01 Wonorejo Singosari Malang
Authors: Ma'arif A. Samsul , Majid Alima Fadhila
Published: August 2023

Yogurt is a dairy product that undergoes fermentation using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. Yogurt is good for digestion which can reduce toxic substances in the body. The purpose of the service activity is to increase the consumption of cow's milk in the form of yogurt, especially in Wonorejo Village. The community service method is carried out face to face which will be held on January 20-21 2023, at SDN 01 Wonorejo. The implementation of this service activity is by demonstrating in the practice of making yogurt. The results of this service are in the form of increased knowledge and understanding of students, SDN 01 Wonorejo teachers and the community in Wonorejo Village, Singosari District in designing and making processed dairy products, as well as community skills in making yogurt.
El rol de la diplomacia peruana en el reconocimiento de la independencia del Perú por España
Authors: Chávez Aco Francis Natalíe
Published: August 2023

El reconocimiento de la independencia del Perú por España fue uno de los primeros y principales objetivos de la naciente república. La mayor parte de repúblicas de América Latina obtuvo el reconocimiento de la exmetrópoli a través de la suscripción de tratados bilaterales de manera temprana, lo que no sucedió en el caso del Perú. Este artículo aborda el largo proceso para la obtención del reconocimiento de la independencia por España, liderado por la joven Cancillería peruana, y que finalmente se obtuvo en 1865 con la aceptación de las cartas credenciales del ministro plenipotenciario del Perú en España Domingo Valle Riestra, por la Reina Isabel II de España.
La diplomacia en la arquitectura republicana del Perú
Authors: Espinoza Aguilar Luis Alfredo
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo presenta una revisión sucinta del papel de la diplomacia en la construcción de la república peruana, desde sus inicios a la fecha, en un proceso de construcción continuo, que va de la formación del Estado como sujeto internacional y su relación con la comunidad internacional durante los 200 años de República.
Independencia y política exterior
Authors: Buller Vizcarra Carlos
Published: August 2023

Trascendiendo la perspectiva de lo nacional, se explora el contexto en el que se desplegó la política exterior temprana del Perú. En este sentido, la atención se dirige hacia las tendencias globales en curso, al ámbito regional del proceso que condujo a la independencia y la compleja situación interna en la que se debatía el país en el alba de su independencia. A partir de este análisis se concluye en que las primeras acciones de la diplomacia peruana estuvieron fuertemente condicionadas por la necesidad de hacer frente a complejos desafíos, incluyendo el de la supervivencia del país.
¿Quién mató a Sulivan? el misterioso asesinato del ministro plenipotenciario británico en el Perú
Authors: Wu Brading Celia
Published: August 2023

A las siete de la noche del 11 de agosto de 1857, Stephen Henry Sulivan cenaba en su casa, en la calle La Puerta Falsa del Teatro en pleno centro de Lima, cuando fue sorprendido por la aparición de un extraño. Desconcertado, se levantó para preguntarle la razón de su presencia. La respuesta fue una descarga de tres disparos, dos largos y uno corto dirigidos al costado izquierdo de su estómago. Una vez consumada su alevosía, el asesino supuestamente exclamó: “estoy vengado” y corrió a reunirse con sus cómplices que lo esperaban fuera de la residencia1.
Parques científicos, tecnológicos y de investigación: una revisión de literatura desde la perspectiva internacional
Authors: Zapata Huamán Joaquín
Published: August 2023

En un mundo complejo e incierto caracterizado por múltiples fenómenos en curso varios países han optado por un renovado impulso a las políticas científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación. A nivel subnacional se ha venido implementando parques científicos, tecnológicos y de investigación (parques CTI) principalmente en las regiones de Norteamérica, Europa Occidental y Asia del Este. Si bien los grupos de interés que hacen viable los parques CTI determinan en buena medida los objetivos que se persiguen, se ha podido notar que por lo general dichos parques coinciden en tres objetivos: i) el fomento de nuevas empresas de base tecnológica, ii) la transferencia de tecnología entre la academia e industria y, iii) la contribución al crecimiento económico local y nacional. Adicionalmente, no existe una definición universalmente aceptada sobre lo que es un parque CTI y, por lo tanto, las diversas clasificaciones propuestas constituyen un reflejo de los intentos por dilucidar cuándo y bajo qué condiciones los parques son efectivos para las empresas inquilinas y el desarrollo económico regional. Se han identificado al menos siete lecciones aprendidas de los parques CTI, de las cuales destacan la inexistencia de un único modelo de parque, la necesidad de contar con una visión a largo plazo, la importancia de un liderazgo en la administración del parque y la necesidad de un financiamiento público continuo con participación privada. Finalmente, existe cierto consenso en la literatura revisada para considerar a los parques CTI como parte de un conjunto de herramientas de políticas regionales de innovación que tienen la misión de impulsar el desarrollo económico, social y tecnológico de los países.
La importancia de la democracia en la política exterior peruana en la Cuarta Revolución Industrial
Authors: Aguirre Gallegos Vanessa
Published: August 2023

La crisis democrática que viene afectando a la región, las diversas manifestaciones sociales como expresión de ello y el papel que han tenido las herramientas tecnológicas y digitales para su desarrollo y escalamiento, hace importante profundizar sobre estos tópicos. Así, el presente artículo aborda cuestiones relacionadas a la democracia, buscando identificar los instrumentos tanto nacionales como internacionales que el Estado peruano está obligado a abordar para su defensa y promoción. Asimismo, dada la trascendencia y transversalidad de la que actualmente goza el espacio tecnológico y digital, se busca profundizar en las amenazas que la Cuarta Revolución Industrial podría representar para los procesos democráticos en general.
El conflicto en Europa y el imperativo de la convergencia: América del Sur, Brasil y Perú en la nueva etapa de la globalización
Authors: Pavan Lopes Lucas
Published: August 2023

El conflicto armado en Ucrania tendrá impactos no solo económicos sino también geopolíticos en América del Sur, que demandan de una reflexión estratégica sobre el rol y modelo de inserción de la región en un contexto de crisis en la globalización. En un mundo con elevadas consideraciones de riesgo económico, político y militar, la región debe promover un esfuerzo de integración productiva que facilite la atracción y establecimiento de cadenas regionales de producción, así como enfocarse en sectores estratégicos, como energía y defensa, con miras a la constitución de una base industrial de defensa en la región. Como impulsores del primer movimiento de integración amplio en América del Sur, a partir de la firma del Acuerdo MERCOSUR-CAN, Brasil y Perú tienen un importante rol en la convergencia de las distintas iniciativas regionales. Ello con el objetivo de fortalecer la posición individual y colectiva de los países sudamericanos frente a las renovadas expectativas internacionales de alianza.
Corea y su convergencia con el Perú
Authors: Curay Ferrer Joshua
Published: August 2023

El artículo propone, por un lado, dos etapas para explicar la evolución de Corea como actor internacional: i) cohesión interna y ii) proyección al exterior; y, por otro lado a partir del análisis de la convergencia de intereses su naturaleza como socio estratégico del Perú. En la etapa de cohesión interna se describe y explica los factores que fundamentan al Estado moderno y como potencia media actual: i) la identidad nacional, ii) la política de gobierno, iii) la cultura empresarial, y iv) la población. En la etapa de proyección al exterior se explica la transición de Corea como potencia media con importantes capacidades internas, dese el fin de la Guerra Fría, hasta convertirse en una potencia media consolidada con plena proyección de sus intereses nacionales, durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. Finalmente, se analiza la convergencia de los intereses nacionales de Corea con los intereses del Perú, dando a conocer la naturaleza socio-estratégica del primero, así como la gran oportunidad que significa esta asociación para nuestro país.
Estrategias para reducir la brecha digital en el Perú: lecciones de la República de Corea.
Authors: Libaque-Saenz Christian Fernando
Published: August 2023

Las tecnologías de la información se han convertido en catalizadores de la economía, sobre todo durante la pandemia. Los países en vías de desarrollo están rezagados con respecto a los desarrollados debido al acceso desigual en términos de infraestructura, uso y habilidades necesarias para beneficiarse de estas tecnologías. Los gobiernos deben establecer estrategias para reducir esta brecha y lograr la inclusión digital de sus ciudadanos. El presente artículo analiza la situación de la brecha digital del Perú, así como de las políticas establecidas por la República de Corea para reducirla. Corea fue elegido como referente toda vez que es uno de los países líderes en temas tecnológicos. Los resultados evidencian la naturaleza compleja de este fenómeno y sugieren al gobierno peruano recomendaciones basadas en las mejores prácticas coreanas.
LOS RETOS DE LA ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DESPUÉS DE LA PANDEMIA EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA
Authors: Flores Barrera Santa , Portillo Portillo Modesto , Portillo Portillo Yeni , Rojas Vázquez María Guadalupe , Macías Sagarminaga María Eugenia Astrid
Published: August 2023

En el presente artículo de investigación titulado “Los retos de la enseñanza-aprendizaje después de la pandemia en Educación Primaria” tiene como objetivo general identificar los retos que presentaron los docentes en la enseñanza-aprendizaje, para la cual utilizó como instrumento la encuesta con nombre “Mi experiencia en el trabajo a distancia, para conocer los retos que vivieron los docentes en el trabajo a distancia y presencial”. Por otra parte, fue aplicado a 84 docentes donde se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach del .84% el cual indica que es confiable. Gracias a esta investigación se pudo percibir que: el 49% de los alumnos tuvo un desempeño regular, debido a que la educación a distancia dentro del núcleo familiar tuvo un bajo impacto, dando como resultado una comunicación intermitente entre docente alumno, sin embargo, los docentes tuvieron la necesidad de impartir clases a distancia, enfrentándose a diversos retos en primer lugar el al uso de plataformas en donde el 47 % de los docentes percibió un regular involucramiento de las familias.
METROPOLITAN MIHAILO (JOVANOVIĆ) AND PROVINCES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Branković Bosko М. , Lukić Sandra
Published: August 2023

The authors of this article examine the relations of Metropolitan Mihailo (Jovanović) of Belgrade with the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Recognizing the fact that the Metropolitan was supportive for the idea of liberation of all Serbs from Ottoman rule and their unification in one single nation state, the Ottoman ruled provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were, without exception, the focus of his attention and actions. He especially proved this during the Serb uprisings in the periods 1852–1862, 1875–1878 and in 1882. Politically, the Metropolitan supported co-operation with Russia. As such his determination in the period when Serbia was relying on Austro-Hungary caused him difficulties, resulting in his dismissal in 1881. After return to Serbia he was reappointed as Metropolitan in 1889 and continued his work for nationhood, but did so by paying attention to Old Serbia and Macedonia rather than to the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
СТУДЕНТСКА БРИГАДА
Authors: Драгаш Душан
Published: August 2023

Монографија Студентска бригада Војске Републике Српске је иза- шла из штампе 2021. године у Бањој Луци. Њен аутор Горан Латино- вић је професор Филозофског факултета Универзитета у Бањој Луци. На његов приједлог, предмет Историја Републике Српске уведен је на основне и мастер студије историје истог факултета. Аутор истиче да му је примарни циљ био да истражи догађаје који су изазвали тако велику пажњу и опречна мишљења, а истовремено били тако мало истражени и научно обрађени као што су: мобилизација студената, про- фесора и асистената Универзитета у Бањој Луци, формирање посебне бригаде Војске Републике Српске и њено упућивање на фронт у јесен 1994. Како аутор пише, потреба у јавности за упознавањем и осна- живањем културе сјећања на ратни пут Студентске бригаде сасвим је очигледна.
"May 4th Movement" of 1919 in speeches of Chinese Communist Party's leaders
Authors: Skosyrev Vladimir Alekseevich
Published: August 2023

Object of the study is the image of the May 4th Movement of 1919 in the official interpretation of history of Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in PRC. The goal is to trace changes in the interpretation of the Movement in speeches of Chinese Communist Party's leaders on the occasion of its anniversary. To do this, author conducts qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the relevant speeches of 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019. There are five main conceptual blocks present in every speech: attitude towards tradition, assessment of past mistakes of CCP and role of Mao Zedong, "spirit of May 4th Movement", development goals and youth policy. In the course of analysis, changes in content of these blocks are traced. Thus, ideological transformation of PRC is viewed in the context of changes in official interpretation of a significant historical event. Memory of this event in China is filled with various meanings, including themes of democracy and youth rebellion, inconvenient for the ruling Communist Party. Author comes to the conclusion that at least since late 1990s CCP has begun to rely on nationalism as a new source of legitimization of its power. In the analyzed speeches it can be seen how, with a greater emphasis on the patriotic component of the "Movement", other meanings associated with it, primarily democracy and science, have fallen by the wayside. At the same time, there has been a transition from rejection of traditional culture to its acceptance.
Transformation of Certain Principles Governing the Formation and Activity of Public Authorities
Authors: Embulaeva Natalia , Shapovalov Anatolii , Sluchevskii Vladislav Gennad'evich
Published: August 2023

The focus of this study is public relations pertaining to the implementation of specific principles governing the establishment and operation of public authorities at various levels. The analysis centers on the principle of electing officials for legislative bodies at the state and local self-governance levels, as well as the heads of Russian Federation regions. The author explores the transformation of principles guiding the actions of public authorities by examining the interplay between public and private interests within the structures of power. Special attention is given to the principles of upholding citizen trust in state actions, the preservation of individuals, and the accountability of authorities to voters (including the institution of recalling elected officials). The study's key findings propose the incorporation of educational qualifications for officials in federal and regional government bodies into legislation. It is deemed appropriate to establish a requirement of higher education for individuals seeking positions such as state leaders, regional heads, and legislative deputies. Additionally, mechanisms for recalling all elected officials should be established in legislation, enabling the population to remove dishonest officials who fail to uphold the trust placed in them. Given demographic challenges, it is also advisable to enshrine the principle of safeguarding the well-being of individuals in the activities of public authorities.
Synchronization of oscillatory growth prepares fungal hyphae for fusion
Authors: Wernet Valentin , Kriegler Marius , Kumpost Vojtech , Mikut Ralf , Hilbert Lennart , Fischer Reinhard
Published: August 2023

Communication is crucial for organismic interactions, from bacteria, to fungi, to humans. Humans may use the visual sense to monitor the environment before starting acoustic interactions. In comparison, fungi, lacking a visual system, rely on a cell-to-cell dialogue based on secreted signaling molecules to coordinate cell fusion and establish hyphal networks. Within this dialogue, hyphae alternate between sending and receiving signals. This pattern can be visualized via the putative signaling protein Soft (SofT), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase MAK-2 (MakB) which are recruited in an alternating oscillatory manner to the respective cytoplasmic membrane or nuclei of interacting hyphae. Here, we show that signal oscillations already occur in single hyphae of Arthrobotrys flagrans in the absence of potential fusion partners (cell monologue). They were in the same phase as growth oscillations. In contrast to the anti-phasic oscillations observed during the cell dialogue, SofT and MakB displayed synchronized oscillations in phase during the monologue. Once two fusion partners came into each other’s vicinity, their oscillation frequencies slowed down (entrainment phase) and transit into anti-phasic synchronization of the two cells’ oscillations with frequencies of 104±28 s and 117±19 s, respectively. Single-cell oscillations, transient entrainment, and anti-phasic oscillations were reproduced by a mathematical model where nearby hyphae can absorb and secrete a limited molecular signaling component into a shared extracellular space. We show that intracellular Ca2+ concentrations oscillate in two approaching hyphae, and depletion of Ca2+ from the medium affected vesicle-driven extension of the hyphal tip, abolished the cell monologue and the anti-phasic synchronization of two hyphae. Our results suggest that single hyphae engage in a ‘monologue’ that may be used for exploration of the environment and can dynamically shift their extracellular signaling systems into a ‘dialogue’ to initiate hyphal fusion.
Sexual coordination in a whole-brain map of prairie vole pair bonding
Authors: Gustison Morgan L , Muñoz-Castañeda Rodrigo , Osten Pavel , Phelps Steven M
Published: August 2023

Sexual bonds are central to the social lives of many species, including humans, and monogamous prairie voles have become the predominant model for investigating such attachments. We developed an automated whole-brain mapping pipeline to identify brain circuits underlying pair-bonding behavior. We identified bonding-related c-Fos induction in 68 brain regions clustered in seven major brain-wide neuronal circuits. These circuits include known regulators of bonding, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular hypothalamus, ventral pallidum, and prefrontal cortex. They also include brain regions previously unknown to shape bonding, such as ventromedial hypothalamus, medial preoptic area, and the medial amygdala, but that play essential roles in bonding-relevant processes, such as sexual behavior, social reward, and territorial aggression. Contrary to some hypotheses, we found that circuits active during mating and bonding were largely sexually monomorphic. Moreover, c-Fos induction across regions was strikingly consistent between members of a pair, with activity best predicted by rates of ejaculation. A novel cluster of regions centered in the amygdala remained coordinated after bonds had formed, suggesting novel substrates for bond maintenance. Our tools and results provide an unprecedented resource for elucidating the networks that translate sexual experience into an enduring bond.
Chromosome-specific maturation of the epigenome in the Drosophila male germline
Authors: Anderson James T , Henikoff Steven , Ahmad Kami
Published: August 2023

Spermatogenesis in the Drosophila male germline proceeds through a unique transcriptional program controlled both by germline-specific transcription factors and by testis-specific versions of core transcriptional machinery. This program includes the activation of genes on the heterochromatic Y chromosome, and reduced transcription from the X chromosome, but how expression from these sex chromosomes is regulated has not been defined. To resolve this, we profiled active chromatin features in the testes from wildtype and meiotic arrest mutants and integrate this with single-cell gene expression data from the Fly Cell Atlas. These data assign the timing of promoter activation for genes with germline-enriched expression throughout spermatogenesis, and general alterations of promoter regulation in germline cells. By profiling both active RNA polymerase II and histone modifications in isolated spermatocytes, we detail widespread patterns associated with regulation of the sex chromosomes. Our results demonstrate that the X chromosome is not enriched for silencing histone modifications, implying that sex chromosome inactivation does not occur in the Drosophila male germline. Instead, a lack of dosage compensation in spermatocytes accounts for the reduced expression from this chromosome. Finally, profiling uncovers dramatic ubiquitinylation of histone H2A and lysine-16 acetylation of histone H4 across the Y chromosome in spermatocytes that may contribute to the activation of this heterochromatic chromosome.
Investigating macroecological patterns in coarse-grained microbial communities using the stochastic logistic model of growth
Authors: Shoemaker William R , Grilli Jacopo
Published: August 2023

The structure and diversity of microbial communities are intrinsically hierarchical due to the shared evolutionary history of their constituents. This history is typically captured through taxonomic assignment and phylogenetic reconstruction, sources of information that are frequently used to group microbes into higher levels of organization in experimental and natural communities. Connecting community diversity to the joint ecological dynamics of the abundances of these groups is a central problem of community ecology. However, how microbial diversity depends on the scale of observation at which groups are defined has never been systematically examined. Here, we used a macroecological approach to quantitatively characterize the structure and diversity of microbial communities among disparate environments across taxonomic and phylogenetic scales. We found that measures of biodiversity at a given scale can be consistently predicted using a minimal model of ecology, the Stochastic Logistic Model of growth (SLM). This result suggests that the SLM is a more appropriate null-model for microbial biodiversity than alternatives such as the Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity. Extending these within-scale results, we examined the relationship between measures of biodiversity calculated at different scales (e.g. genus vs. family), an empirical pattern previously evaluated in the context of the Diversity Begets Diversity (DBD) hypothesis (Madi et al., 2020). We found that the relationship between richness estimates at different scales can be quantitatively predicted assuming independence among community members, demonstrating that the DBD can be sufficiently explained using the SLM as a null model of ecology. Contrastingly, only by including correlations between the abundances of community members (e.g. as the consequence of interactions) can we predict the relationship between estimates of diversity at different scales. The results of this study characterize novel microbial patterns across scales of organization and establish a sharp demarcation between recently proposed macroecological patterns that are not and are affected by ecological interactions.
Evolution towards simplicity in bacterial small heat shock protein system
Authors: Karaś Piotr , Kochanowicz Klaudia , Pitek Marcin , Domanski Przemyslaw , Obuchowski Igor , Tomiczek Barlomiej , Liberek Krzysztof
Published: August 2023

Evolution can tinker with multi-protein machines and replace them with simpler single-protein systems performing equivalent functions in an equally efficient manner. It is unclear how, on a molecular level, such simplification can arise. With ancestral reconstruction and biochemical analysis, we have traced the evolution of bacterial small heat shock proteins (sHsp), which help to refold proteins from aggregates using either two proteins with different functions (IbpA and IbpB) or a secondarily single sHsp that performs both functions in an equally efficient way. Secondarily single sHsp evolved from IbpA, an ancestor specialized in strong substrate binding. Evolution of an intermolecular binding site drove the alteration of substrate binding properties, as well as the formation of higher-order oligomers. Upon two mutations in the α-crystallin domain, secondarily single sHsp interacts with aggregated substrates less tightly. Paradoxically, less efficient binding positively influences the ability of sHsp to stimulate substrate refolding, since the dissociation of sHps from aggregates is required to initiate Hsp70-Hsp100-dependent substrate refolding. After the loss of a partner, IbpA took over its role in facilitating the sHsp dissociation from an aggregate by weakening the interaction with the substrate, which became beneficial for the refolding process. We show that the same two amino acids introduced in modern-day systems define whether the IbpA acts as a single sHsp or obligatorily cooperates with an IbpB partner. Our discoveries illuminate how one sequence has evolved to encode functions previously performed by two distinct proteins.
Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults
Authors: Schommartz Iryna , Lembcke Philip F. , Ortiz-Tudela Javier , Bauer M. , Kaindl Angela M. , Buss Claudia , Shing Yee Lee
Published: August 2023

Memory consolidation tends to be less robust in childhood than adulthood. However, little is known about the corresponding functional differences in the developing brain that may underlie age-related differences in retention of memories over time. This study examined system-level memory consolidation of object-scene associations after learning (immediate delay), one night of sleep (short delay), as well as two weeks (long delay) in 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 49) and in young adults (n = 39), as a reference group with mature consolidation systems. Particularly, we characterized how functional neural activation and reinstatement of neural patterns change over time, assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with representational (dis)similarity analysis (RSA). Our results showed that memory consolidation in children was less robust (i.e., more forgetting) compared to young adults. For correctly retained remote memories, young adults showed increased neural activation from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions, while children showed increased neural activation in prefrontal and decrease in neural activity in parietal brain regions over time. In addition, there was an overall attenuated scene-specific memory reinstatement of neural patterns in children compared to young adults. At the same time, we observed category-based reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical (prefrontal and parietal), and cerebellar brain regions only in children. Taken together, 5-to-7-year-old children, compared to young adults, show less robust memory consolidation, possibly due to difficulties in engaging in differentiated neural reinstatement in neocortical mnemonic regions during retrieval of remote memories, coupled with relying more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement.Children showed less robust memory consolidation across short and long delay compared to young adults.Neural activity for remote memory increases from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions in young adults, but not in children.Children showed reduced scene-specific reinstatement of neural patterns compared to young adults.Children relied more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical prefrontal and parietal, and cerebellar brain regions.
Assessing drug safety by identifying the axis of arrhythmia in cardiomyocyte electrophysiology
Authors: Heitmann Stewart , Vandenberg Jamie I , Hill Adam P
Published: August 2023

Many classes of drugs can induce fatal cardiac arrhythmias by disrupting the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes. Safety guidelines thus require all new drugs to be assessed for pro-arrhythmic risk prior to conducting human trials. The standard safety protocols primarily focus on drug blockade of the delayed-rectifier potassium current (IKr). Yet the risk is better assessed using four key ion currents (IKr, ICaL, INaL, IKs). We simulated 100,000 phenotypically diverse cardiomyocytes to identify the underlying relationship between the blockade of those currents and the emergence of ectopic beats in the action potential. We call that relationship the axis of arrhythmia. It serves as a yardstick for quantifying the arrhythmogenic risk of any drug from its profile of multi-channel block alone. We tested it on 109 drugs and found that it predicted the clinical risk labels with an accuracy of 88.1–90.8%. Pharmacologists can use our method to assess the safety of novel drugs without resorting to animal testing or unwieldy computer simulations.
Explicit ion modeling predicts physicochemical interactions for chromatin organization
Authors: Lin Xingcheng , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2023

Molecular mechanisms that dictate chromatin organization in vivo are under active investigation, and the extent to which intrinsic interactions contribute to this process remains debatable. A central quantity for evaluating their contribution is the strength of nucleosome-nucleosome binding, which previous experiments have estimated to range from 2 to 14 kBT. We introduce an explicit ion model to dramatically enhance the accuracy of residue-level coarse-grained modeling approaches across a wide range of ionic concentrations. This model allows for de novo predictions of chromatin organization and remains computationally efficient, enabling large-scale conformational sampling for free energy calculations. It reproduces the energetics of protein-DNA binding and unwinding of single nucleosomal DNA, and resolves the differential impact of mono- and divalent ions on chromatin conformations. Moreover, we showed that the model can reconcile various experiments on quantifying nucleosomal interactions, providing an explanation for the large discrepancy between existing estimations. We predict the interaction strength at physiological conditions to be 9 kBT, a value that is nonetheless sensitive to DNA linker length and the presence of linker histones. Our study strongly supports the contribution of physicochemical interactions to the phase behavior of chromatin aggregates and chromatin organization inside the nucleus.
Explicit Ion Modeling Predicts Physicochemical Interactions for Chromatin Organization
Authors: Lin Xingcheng , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2023

Molecular mechanisms that dictate chromatin organization
in vivo
are under active investigation, and the extent to which intrinsic interactions contribute to this process remains debatable. A central quantity for evaluating their contribution is the strength of nucleosome-nucleosome binding, which previous experiments have estimated to range from 2 to 14

k
B
T

. We introduce an explicit ion model to dramatically enhance the accuracy of residue-level coarse-grained modeling approaches across a wide range of ionic concentrations. This model allows for
de novo
predictions of chromatin organization and remains computationally efficient, enabling large-scale conformational sampling for free energy calculations. It reproduces the energetics of protein-DNA binding and unwinding of single nucleosomal DNA, and resolves the differential impact of mono and divalent ions on chromatin conformations. Moreover, we showed that the model can reconcile various experiments on quantifying nucleosomal interactions, providing an explanation for the large discrepancy between existing estimations. We predict the interaction strength at physiological conditions to be 9

k
B
T

, a value that is nonetheless sensitive to DNA linker length and the presence of linker histones. Our study strongly supports the contribution of physicochemical interactions to the phase behavior of chromatin aggregates and chromatin organization inside the nucleus.
Serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the dorsal raphe are differentially altered in a mouse model for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Boi Laura , Johansson Yvonne , Tonini Raffaella , Moratalla Rosario , Fisone Gilberto , Silberberg Gilad
Published: August 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor impairments caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition to these symptoms, PD patients often suffer from non-motor co-morbidities including sleep and psychiatric disturbances, which are thought to depend on concomitant alterations of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission. A primary locus of serotonergic neurons is the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), providing brain-wide serotonergic input. Here, we identified electrophysiological and morphological parameters to classify serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons in the murine DRN under control conditions and in a PD model, following striatal injection of the catecholamine toxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Electrical and morphological properties of both neuronal populations were altered by 6-OHDA. In serotonergic neurons, most changes were reversed when 6-OHDA was injected in combination with desipramine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, protecting the noradrenergic terminals. Our results show that the depletion of both noradrenaline and dopamine in the 6-OHDA mouse model causes changes in the DRN neural circuitry.
Acute effect of combined exercise with aerobic and resistance exercises on executive function
Authors: Chen Ying-Chu , Li Ruei-Hong , Chen Feng-Tzu , Wu Chih-Han , Chen Chung-Yu , Chang Che-Chien , Chang Yu-Kai
Published: August 2023

Objective

Recent studies indicate that acute exercise, whether aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE), improves cognitive function. However, the effects on cognitive function of combined exercise (CE), involving both AE and RE in an exercise session, remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute CE on cognitive function.

Design

Within-subject design with counterbalancing.

Methods

Fifteen healthy men with a sedentary lifestyle in the previous three months were recruited. The participants were assessed for muscular fitness after performing four upper body exercises for a 10-repetition maximum and underwent a submaximal aerobic fitness assessment for V̇O2peak and corresponding workload (watts). They were then assigned to a CE, RE, or sitting control (SC) session in counterbalanced order and were assessed with the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) after each session.

Results

Acute CE led to a significantly shorter response time compared to SC (p < .05) in the SCWT, wherein there were no significant differences between acute CE and RE (p = 1.00). Additionally, no significant differences in the accuracy rate were observed across the different sessions (ps > .05).

Conclusion

A single session of moderate-intensity CE improved response time in the SCWT, comparable to RE. CE shows promise for enhancing cognitive function, warranting further research on its benefits and other exercise modalities.