bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Standard Language Ideology and Its Influence on Lithuanian Migrants. Samogitians' Attitudes Towards Their Language Variety
Authors: Nugaraitė Indrė
Published: February 2018

The study tries to bridge the gap between research on how the Lithuanian language and its varieties are spoken and maintained by migrants and on how the standard language ideology affects the speakers of regional varieties in Lithuania. The paper investigates Lithuanian Samogitian migrants’ attitudes towards their regional variety, the main factors that might influence their beliefs and whether the standard language ideology is one of these factors. The in-depth analysis of 10 audio-recorded and coded interview responses has shown that in migration, similarly as in Lithuania, people’s attitudes towards Samogitian and the usage of it are governed by the three main factors, namely education, Soviet language policy and the linguistic pressure from society. Even though migrants do not feel intense pressure to speak the “right” language and feel much freer to use the variety of their choice when talking to other migrants, they still believe that it is common sense to use the standard in official gatherings, for public speeches or for official events.
Bilingualism and Access to the Spanish Language by Russian-Romanian Bilinguals
Authors: Antonchuk Daniela
Published: February 2018

Bilingualism is a complex process involving a variety of characteristics, among which we can distinguish a particular system of a language, as well as the ability to use it in communication. Apart from the mere fact of acquiring the knowledge of a second language, bilingualism also implies the development of specific linguistic structuring and brain functioning different from those of a monolingual individual. This fact is crucial at the time of comprehension and, consequently, learning of a third language and this is why it has been studied by analysing the understanding ability of bilingual informants to refer to a third language without the prior learning of this language and the comparison of the results with those obtained for monolingual individuals presenting each language. Thus, the hypothesis involved considers individuals presenting bilingualism between two different language families (on the example of Russian-Romanian bilingualism) manifesting better understanding of a language from one of the language families they speak natively (on the example of the Spanish language) in comparison with monolingual people presenting one of the languages considered in bilingual individuals (i.e. Russian and Romanian monolinguals). This difference between bilingual and monolingual people in the access to a third language mainly involves the difference in the way of thinking and analysing the acquired linguistic data, resulting in a more effective capacity for understanding. The specification of brain organization and the analysis of linguistic data are due to the creation of specific psycholinguistic strategies by the bilingual individual.
Deposition practices in Iron Age France: new light on old discoveries
Authors: Fernández-Götz Manuel
Published: February 2018

Dealing with information coming from nineteenth-century discoveries is not always an easy task for archaeologists, and it can prove particularly problematic for iconic findings that have come to characterise entire periods or cultural horizons. Information is very often fragmentary, and in most cases, field methods and recording techniques are not up to present-day standards. A careful re-examination of old collections can, however, often be as fruitful as new findings. This is exemplified by the volumes under review here, which reassess two of the most important archaeological discoveries made in the late nineteenth-century in France: the bronze hoard of Launac in Languedoc and the grave of La Gorge-Meillet in Champagne. In addition to summarising existing knowledge, the volumes also provide new information coming from modern scientific analysis, as well as re-evaluations of certain find categories.
Rituximab: a novel treatment for refractory Riedel’s thyroiditis
Authors: Hunt Leanne , Harrison Barney , Bull Matthew , Stephenson Tim , Allahabadia Amit
Published: February 2018

This case report reviews the rare condition of Riedel’s thyroiditis via a patient case. The report highlights the difficulties that one may encounter when managing such a case in regards to patient symptoms, side effects of medications and the relapsing nature of the condition. The case report also highlights novel treatment in the treatment of Riedel’s thyroiditis, rituximab, how this works and the resolution of symptoms that we have achieved with our patient on this treatment.

Learning points:

Riedel’s thyroiditis is characterised by chronic inflammation, which causes dense fibrosis in the thyroid gland.

Riedel’s thyroiditis can present with neck pain, dysphagia and dyspnoea with a firm, non-tender mass found on examination.

Riedel’s thyroiditis is part of the IgG4-related systemic disorders.

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that works against the protein CD20.
Sepsis en pediatría: nuevos conceptos
Authors: Baique-Sánchez Pedro Michael
Published: February 2018

La sepsis es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en adultos y en niños. El impacto es negativo en la salud de la población, y los gastos generados en el sistema de salud se los calcula en varios miles de millones de dólares. La muerte infantil a nivel mundial representa por décadas una compleja y progresiva enfermedad inflamatoria secundaria a un agente infeccioso, la cual origina disoxia tisular y eventualmente falla celular y orgánica, sin necesariamente pasar por hipotensión en etapas tempranas sino en etapas tardías de enfermedad. En la presente publicación se actualiza las definiciones realizadas a partir del Tercer Consenso de Definiciones de Sepsis y Choque Séptico y las Campañas Internacionales Sobreviviendo a la Sepsis, tomando como referencia un mejor entendimiento de la patobiología de la enfermedad. Se aborda la necesidad de usar un puntaje de disfunción de órganos en niños para valorar y predecir la mortalidad de una mejor manera y realizar ensayos clínicos. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer el estado actual del conocimiento en la parte operacional de definiciones y la sugerencia de adaptar los conceptos a las guías clínicas nacionales.
TAMAÑO DEL GOBIERNO Y BIENESTAR INDIVIDUAL EN PAÍSES DE LA ALIANZA DEL PACÍFICO
Authors: Rodríguez Cairo Vladimir
Published: February 2018

La investigación permitió determinar el grado de relación entre el tamaño del gobierno y el bienestar individual en los países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico durante el período 1970-2014. A partir de dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre la relación entre las variables y se utilizaron dos aproximaciones basadas en el análisis de regresión y la determinación del coeficiente de correlación. Siendo así, se obtuvieron como principales resultados que existe una relación muy positiva entre el tamaño del gobierno y el Producto Bruto Interno per cápita en el caso chileno, y menor en el caso de Perú, México y Colombia. De este modo, se concluyó que el tamaño del gobierno es uno de los factores que influyó en el bienestar individual, y consiguientemente, en el bienestar general de la población, pero constituye una condición necesaria pero no suficiente para determinar el bienestar.
IMPACTO ECONÓMICO FINANCIERO DEL CUMPLIMIENTO DE NORMAS TRIBUTARIAS EN LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Alva Suárez Karina Esther
Published: February 2018

En relación a la Ley del Impuesto a la Renta, menciona que son deducibles los gastos que son causales para la generación de la renta gravada, la misma que deben cumplir determinados requisitos formales y sustanciales. Sin embargo existe la problemática de que las empresas pierden el derecho de la deducción de sus gastos y otros beneficios fiscales, por no contar con políticas y procedimientos de control, así como capacitación, lo que impacta en su gestión económica y financiera. El presente trabajo se desarrolla mediante estudios descriptivos (observación de los hechos) y estudios correlacionales (medición del grado de relación que existe entre las variables). El método empleado es inductivo, puesto que del estudio de un caso particular. Determinándose que el incumplimiento de las normas tributarias por una falta de procedimientos y políticas de control; así como la falta de capacitación de los miembros de la organización impacta en forma negativa en los resultados económicos (rentabilidad) y financieros (liquidez) de la organización.
GESTIÓN CREDITICIA EN LA BANCA DE DESARROLLO Y EL PRESUPUESTO PÚBLICO PERUANO. PERÍODO: 2010-2014
Authors: Verástegui Corrales Cleofé Maritza , Amezcua Luján Martha Karina
Published: February 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la gestión crediticia en la banca de desarrollo y el presupuesto público peruano en el periodo 2010-2014 años tomando como base diversas cuentas contables, tales como colocaciones, provisiones, patrimonio. El estudio fue tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo y se enfoca específicamente en el Banco Agropecuario- Agrobanco por la participación del Estado con un 100% y porque a través de este se ejecutan las políticas públicas. El análisis buscó establecer una relación directa entre la gestión crediticia en la banca de desarrollo y el Presupuesto Público Peruano. De los resultados obtenidos la correlación entre los gastos de provisiones para incobrabilidad en resultados con la cuenta patrimonial fue alta, lo cual conlleva a requerimiento de incremento del capital. En estudios posteriores se puede determinar la sostenibilidad operativa y financiera de la banca de desarrollo en el Perú.
VOLATILIDAD DE LOS COMMODITIES MINEROS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA ECONOMÍA NACIONAL
Authors: Gomero Gonzales Nicko Alberto
Published: February 2018

El mercado de commodities mineros está anclado al comportamiento de la economía global, especialmente a países como la China y Estados unidos configurados como las primeras potencias económicas en este mundo globalizado. El hecho que la economía peruana en parte muestre alta sensibilidad al precio de los minerales de exportación, abre espacios de vulnerabilidad a las oscilaciones del mercado de este tipo de productos, cuyos efectos se van apreciar en el sector real y financiero de la economía. Por ello a través del método correlacional se llega a determinar y explicar el tipo de relación existente entre el precio de los commodities y las principales cuentas macroeconómicas, resultado que permitirá evidenciar el grado de dependencia de la economía a este tipo de mercado. En el estudio además se evidencia la importancia que tienen los países emergentes, entre ellos la China, como principal demandante y productor de estos tipos de commodities, cuyas fortalezas son factores relevantes en el dinamismo de este mercado.
LA COMPETITIVIDAD TERRITORIAL EN LA DESCENTRALIZACIÓN ECONÓMICA DEL PERÚ
Authors: Andaluz Westreicher Tarcisio
Published: February 2018

Descentralización, política de Estado y de gobiernos; es también convergencia de discursos de cualquier tendencia ideológica; su expresión territorial: regiones y municipalidades; la tendencia, reducir el número de regiones como panacea; su expresión administrativa, descentralización funcional y sectorial; su expresión fiscal, transferencias tributarias y monetarias; el problema, que a quince años de práctica descentralista y a noventa de teorización, desde Mariátegui, ninguna de sus expresiones se manifestó en modificación de la estructura productiva, en descentralización económica y en competitividad territorial; ello, pese a la mayor autonomía cedida. Mientras, la globalización necesita de ella y de la democracia para legitimar decisiones soberanas y unir diferencias Norte - Sur, centros - periferias. El procedimiento: levantamiento de datos teóricos, legales, institucionales y comparados; confrontados con la actualidad real. Los resultados: la globalización como unión de polos y diferencias; la competitividad, un concepto centralista y centralizador que sólo halla rival en el concepto de competitividad sistémica de Meyer- Stamer. La tendencia global de agrandar territorios en regiones, contra la tendencia histórica reduccionista; la descentralización por disciplina fiscal incrementó la desinstitucionalización del Estado; la descentralización distributiva de tierras, dinero y funciones sin descentralización económica es poner la carreta delante de los caballos y un remedio peor que la enfermedad.
The Arts in School: what has befallen them, and why they remain vital
Authors: Ellis Nansi
Published: February 2018

This article re-states the importance of the arts and humanities for education, highlights the declining provision for them in schools, and argues that a fundamental re-think of the purposes of education is required to re-establish creativity at the heart of formal learning.
The Case for Alternative Creative Curricula, and What We Did at Stanley Park
Authors: Thomas Jacquie
Published: February 2018

This article outlines reasons for creating the Excellent Futures Curriculum at Stanley Park High School, Carshalton, the strengths of the curriculum, and its subsequent development.
Recruitment, Retention and the Workload Challenge: a critique of the government response
Authors: Quicke John
Published: February 2018

Various surveys have confirmed that there is a crisis of recruitment and retention of teachers in schools. This article examines the government response to this crisis, in particular to what is commonly cited as the main cause – unmanageable workloads. What it describes as the
workload challenge has certainly not been ignored by the DfE, which in February 2017 produced an updated document detailing the steps it had taken in an attempt to reduce teacher workload. However, although it has taken the workload challenge seriously, it has downplayed some of the factors
which even its own commissioned research has shown to be important. This article argues that, while it is certainly a step in the right direction, addressing the workload issue alone will not resolve the crisis.
LA REPRODUCIBILIDAD: DISEÑO DE SITUACIONES DIDÁCTICAS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL SISTEMA GEOMÉTRICO DE LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA LORENZO MARÍA LLERAS,EN MONTERÍA–CÓRDOBA-Reproducibility: didactic situations design in geometric system teaching in ...
Authors: Racero Méndez Iris Sofía
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo expone aportes investigativos orientados a comprender las situaciones académicas que se generaron a partir de la aplicación de la didáctica específica en la enseñanza de un contenido curricular. En este sentido, el propósito estuvo encaminado a diseñar una guía metodológica para construir una situación didáctica que favoreciera la reproducibilidad en la enseñanza del sistema geométrico en el grado tercero de la Institución Nacional de Educación Media Diversificada (INEM), “Lorenzo María Lleras”, del municipio de Montería – Córdoba, utilizando la herramienta TIC “GeoGebra”, implementación con la que mejoró notablemente el escenario de la enseñanza de la geometría, y favoreciendo, además, que el docente reprodujera esta situación didáctica en otros contextos.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN ACCIÓN Y EL APRENDIZAJE POR PROYECTOS EN EL MARCO DEL MODELO PEDAGÓGICO ENSEÑANZA PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN. EXPERIENCIA DEL COLEGIO VISIÓN MUNDIAL EN COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES DE MONTERÍA-Action research and Project Based Learning in ...
Authors: Barrios Oviedo Lilia , Chaves Silva Martha
Published: February 2018

Este artículo presenta resultados derivados de “La investigación acción y el aprendizaje por proyectos en el marco del modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la comprensión”, en la Maestría de Educación en la Universidad de Córdoba – SUE-CARIBE1. El texto tiene como propósito mostrar la incidencia de la investigación acción y el modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la comprensión en la calidad educativa, con comunidades en condiciones de pobreza y vulnerabilidad, en el Colegio Visión Mundial de Montería, Córdoba. La metodología se sustenta en el modelo de la investigación-acción (IA), que posibilita a los participantes actuar de manera reflexiva y colectiva sobre los problemas que los aquejan,con el fin de transformarlos y transformarse. El análisis de los resultados demuestra que la educación de calidad para poblaciones en condiciones de pobreza es no solo necesaria, sino posible, aminorando la fuerte estratificación que persiste en el sistema educativo local y nacion
Influence of Thermal Preparation Method on Mineral Composition of Mussels
Authors: GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , TUDOREANU Liliana , MOCANU Aura , BADEA Emanuela , CRIVINEANU Victor
Published: February 2018

This study focuses on evaluation of the effects of 3 different thermal preparation methods (boiling, roasting, microwaving) on mineral concentrations of mussels from Bucharest market. The mineral content in raw and cooked mussel samples was evaluated by ICP-OES and relative humidity of raw and cooked mussels by thermogravimetry. Se level in microwaved samples was significantly decreased compared to raw and the other 2 cooked mussel samples. Zn concentration in raw samples was not significantly different compared to those in roasted samples. Fe level was insignificantly different between boiled and roasted samples and significantly lowers in microwaved samples. Ni, Pb, and Se levels were significantly higher in boiled samples, and Cd levels were insignificantly different reported to cooking method. The percentage of water loss during roasting was lower than the other 2 thermal preparation methods. Potassium concentrations in cooked mussels were higher compared to raw ones. Mineral concentrations were highest in roasted samples and heavy metal concentrations in boiled mussels.
Study of using light-burned dolomite ores as raw material to produce magnesium oxysulfate cement
Authors: Chen Yuanji , Wu Chengyou , Yu Hongfa , Chen Wenhai , Chen Cong , Zheng Shuhai , Chen Fangyu
Published: February 2018

Magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOS) prepared by light-burned dolomite has excellent performance in terms of light weight, high strength and low carbon dioxide emission. In this research, dolomite ores are used to produce MOS cement at different calcination temperatures and calcination times; the parameters investigated are the rate of loss on ignition, free lime (f-CaO), dihydrate gypsum (CaSO4×2H2O) and impact of active magnesium oxide (α-MgO) content exerted on the setting time and compressive strength of the MOS cement. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, the time of colour change for citric acid and hydration-heat release rate were adopted to assess the effects of calcination temperature, calcination time and the molar ratio of α-magnesium oxide/magnesium sulfate on the MOS cement. The experimental results showed that the MOS cement prepared by dolomite ores at the calcination temperature of 850°C for 30 min with the α-magnesium oxide/magnesium sulfate molar ratio of 4 demonstrates better mechanical properties than those made in other circumstances. In addition, the main strength phase of MOS cement with tri-sodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O) generated by light-burned dolomite ores is the needle-like 5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·7H2O crystal phase.
Long-term mechanical properties of cellulose fibre-reinforced cement mortar with diatomite
Authors: Ince Ceren , Derogar Shahram , Ball Richard James , Ekinci Abdullah , Yuzer Nabi
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a study investigating the long-term mechanical properties of cellulose fibre-reinforced cement mortars incorporating diatomite as a replacement material for quartz sand. Important properties including mass, compressive and flexural strength, sorptivity, water penetration depth and porosity have been rigorously investigated. Significant findings demonstrated that increasing the replacement level of diatomite resulted in a systematic decrease in the final mass of cellulose fibre-reinforced cement mortars and a dramatic increase in both flexural and compressive strength. In the short term, sorptivity, water penetration depth and porosity were enhanced, whereas the pozzolanicity of diatomite provided long-term strength gain over the 6 month period of study. Microstructural development of mortars, confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, revealed a denser, more compact structure in the diatomite specimens, which was consistent with the physical property measurements. This research supports the development of environmentally friendly diatomite-based mortars for construction.
Experimental investigation on seismic behaviour of self-heat-preserving shale masonry walls
Authors: Qin Chao-gang , Bai Guo-liang , Xu Ya-zhou , Du Ning-jun
Published: February 2018

Perforated blocks made of shale as the matrix material were designed and constructed with holes drilled in a dense rectangular arrangement as a way of improving thermal insulation while retaining seismic performance. Compressive tests of single blocks and masonry prisms were conducted to determine their strength rating. Pseudo-static tests on masonry walls with and without openings were then conducted to evaluate seismic behaviour. It was found that the dense hole arrangement and the thin brittle walls improved thermal insulating properties but decreased ductility. To improve the seismic performance of the shale masonry walls, horizontally reinforced binding bands at 1/3 and 2/3 heights of the masonry walls and structural columns were applied and these indeed enhanced both the ultimate bearing strength and ductility. The experimental results indicate that this type of perforated block could be used for the construction of houses in earthquake-prone zones.
Residual bond between concrete and reinforcing GFRP rebars at elevated temperatures
Authors: Aslani Farhad
Published: February 2018

The use of glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer reinforcing bars instead of steel reinforcing bars is one of many ways to enhance the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete structures. Fire performance of concrete members reinforced with fibreglass bars is a critical area that needs studying prior to using such bars in buildings and other structures vulnerable to fires. The mechanical properties of concrete and fibreglass as well as the bond between them can significantly deteriorate at high temperatures. The variations in bonding behaviour can affect the moment capacity of the structure, so it is necessary to know the bond strength degradation for structural design of fire safety and structural repair after fire. However, examination of bonding between fibreglass and concrete at elevated temperatures is quite challenging in practice and it needs a well-equipped experimental laboratory. In this study, fibreglass and concrete bond constitutive relationships are established for reinforced concrete subjected to fire. They are developed for the following purposes at high temperatures: to establish the compressive strength of concrete, ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of reinforcing bars, bond strength, slip at peak bond stress and bond stress–slip curve. The proposed relationships at elevated temperature are compared with experimental results.
Macrophage Uptake of Necrotic Cell DNA Activates the AIM2 Inflammasome to Regulate a Proinflammatory Phenotype in CKD
Authors: Komada Takanori , Chung Hyunjae , Lau Arthur , Platnich Jaye M. , Beck Paul L. , Benediktsson Hallgrimur , Duff Henry J. , Jenne Craig N. , Muruve Daniel A.
Published: February 2018

Nonmicrobial inflammation contributes to CKD progression and fibrosis. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming receptor for double-stranded DNA. AIM2 is expressed in the kidney and activated mainly by macrophages. We investigated the potential pathogenic role of the AIM2 inflammasome in kidney disease. In kidneys from patients with diabetic or nondiabetic CKD, immunofluorescence showed AIM2 expression in glomeruli, tubules, and infiltrating leukocytes. In a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), Aim2 deficiency attenuated the renal injury, fibrosis, and inflammation observed in wild-type (WT) littermates. In bone marrow chimera studies, UUO induced substantially more tubular injury and IL-1β cleavage in Aim2
−/− or WT mice that received WT bone marrow than in WT mice that received Aim2
−/− bone marrow. Intravital microscopy of the kidney in LysM(gfp/gfp)
mice 5–6 days after UUO demonstrated the significant recruitment of GFP+ proinflammatory macrophages that crawled along injured tubules, engulfed DNA from necrotic cells, and expressed active caspase-1. DNA uptake occurred in large vacuolar structures within recruited macrophages but not resident CX3CR1+ renal phagocytes. In vitro, macrophages that engulfed necrotic debris showed AIM2-dependent activation of caspase-1 and IL-1β, as well as the formation of AIM2+ ASC specks. ASC specks are a hallmark of inflammasome activation. Cotreatment with DNaseI attenuated the increase in IL-1β levels, confirming that DNA was the principal damage-associated molecular pattern in this process. Therefore, the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by DNA from necrotic cells drives a proinflammatory phenotype that contributes to chronic injury in the kidney.
THE EFFECTS OF PLANNING CONDITIONS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL ESL PUPILS’ NARRATIVE WRITING
Authors: Ma Fei Fan , Zainal Azlin Zaiti
Published: February 2018

The present study investigates the writing performance in terms of language complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) and the pupils’ perceptions of their performance under different planning conditions and the relationship between pupils’ perceptions and their performance. There were 78 ESL pupils from a Chinese primary school in Malaysia who were grouped into three planning conditions:1) pre-task planning, 2) on-line planning and 3) no planning groups. This study employs a variety of data collection methods that include the collection of pupils’ written tasks and questionnaire surveys. The results of the study indicate that planning conditions did not have significant impacts on pupils’ writing performance except for the effect of pre-task planning on pupils’ written fluency. The results also differ greatly from numerous previous studies, which have been mainly conducted on adult writers. The present study also shows that pupils’ perceptions are partially related to their writing performance. The reasons for such contradictions are discussed. The findings have implications for the teaching of writing in the ESL context.
LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ BELIEFS ON MATERIALS USE AND THEIR LOCUS OF CONTROL: CASE-STUDIES FROM IRAN AND JAPAN
Authors: Amerian Majid , Pouromid Sajjad
Published: February 2018

Teacher belief research has gone a long way to understand the complex mental lives of language teachers with regards to different aspects of the teaching profession. Little, however, is known about the teachers’ beliefs on the use of language teaching materials. Similarly, attempts to find literature on EFL teachers’ actual use of the materials based on systematic observation meets with great difficulty. The present case study research was therefore designed to contribute to the literature on teacher beliefs and materials use utilizing data from five Iranian and five Japanese teachers of English as a foreign language. Based on questionnaires, observations (50 sessions) and stimulated recall interviews (around 13 hours), it was found that while the Iranian teachers’ beliefs were rooted in their learning and teaching experiences besides the syllabus and context imposed standards, the Japanese teachers’ beliefs were mediated by their learning and teaching experiences, self-developed theories, SLA informed theories and colleague inspirations. The results of stimulated recall sessions making use of the construct of locus of control as interpretive lens also suggested that while the Iranian teachers mostly held other parties responsible for their pedagogic decisions, the Japanese teachers took responsibility for most of their decision on materials use.
WRITERS’ VOICE AND ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN STUDENTS’ ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXTS
Authors: Yuliana Dian , Gandana Isti Siti Saleha
Published: February 2018

One criterion of a good analytical exposition lies in the writers’ ability to present a clear position and show their voice in their writing. Such quality can be achieved through skillful use of Engagement resources which allow writers to state their voice by aligning or disaligning it with those of others in presenting their case. Involving nine analytical exposition texts written by university students of different proficiency levels, this study explores how the writers’ voice (Hyland, 2008) is constructed through Engagement resources. Drawing on Martin and White’s Engagement system (Martin & White, 2005), the study reveals that, while all of the students are capable of presenting a clear position, students of different proficiency levels indicate different engagement strategies in their writing. Students who are more proficient in English are able to more successfully exploit the resources necessary for constructing a well-argued text and show a stronger sense of authorship. This study is expected to give insights into the use of Engagement resources in developing the writer’s voice in texts written by EFL writer learners in the Indonesian context.
UNIQUENESS IN TRANSLATING ARABIC HAGIOGRAPHY OF SHAIKH ‘ABD AL-QĀDIR AL-JAILĀNĪ: THE CASE OF AN-NŪR AL-BURHĀNĪ
Authors: Munip Abdul
Published: February 2018

In Indonesia, the hagiographical book of Shaikh ʻAbd al-Qādir al-Jailānī has many versions of translation. One of it is an-Nūr al-burhānī, a Javanese translation by Kyai Muslih al-Marāqī. Unlike other Javanese translations, an-Nūr al-burhānī is not merely a translation but can be considered a new book, in which the translator added some new information and opinion in it. Therefore, the book is interesting to be investigated deeply to find scientific information about the content of the book, the technique, method, and ideology of translation that are adopted and applied by the translator. Using content analysis, the study finds that the book consists of al-Jailānī’s journey of life, his miracles and teachings. The other findings prove that the translator has implemented various techniques of translation such as calque, borrowing, description, amplification-addition, and adaptation techniques. The translator has tried to make the TT (Target Text) easy to be understood by Javanese people, but he tends to apply literal (linguistic transcodification) method rather than interpretative-communicative (translation of the sense) method. As a result, the TT is still influenced by the structure of Arabic as SL (Source Text) and not natural in everyday use of Javanese language. Thus, it can be inferred that the translator more dominantly adopts the ideology of foreignization than domestication. However, what the translator does is more advanced than the other Javanese translators, who usually use only the word for word or literal translation method. This is the uniqueness in translating al-Jailānī’s hagiography or manāqib.
Net Neutrality, the Fairness Doctrine, and the NRB: The Tension between United States Religious Expression and Media Regulation
Authors: Montalbano Kathryn
Published: February 2018

This article analyzes the historical continuity between the opposition of the National Religious Broadcasters (NRB) to the Fairness Doctrine (1949) and to the contemporary Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Open Internet principle, net neutrality. These debates demonstrate how media policy discourse has shaped democratic ideals, including by designating whose voices are or are not included in broadcast and digital communication spaces. The discourse emerging from both media policy debates reveals that fears concerning cultural hegemony and the diversity of expression in the United States have intertwined with fears concerning the invasion of foreign ideologies. The article then considers the possibility of reconciling religious and secular discourse in the mediated public sphere.
Private Broadcasting and the Path to Radio Broadcasting Policy in Canada
Authors: MacLennan Anne Frances
Published: February 2018

The largely unregulated early years of Canadian radio were vital to development of broadcasting policy. The Report of the Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting in 1929 and American broadcasting both changed the direction of Canadian broadcasting, but were mitigated by the early, largely unregulated years. Broadcasters operated initially as small, independent, and local broadcasters, then, national networks developed in stages during the 1920s and 1930s. The late adoption of radio broadcasting policy to build a national network in Canada allowed other practices to take root in the wake of other examples, in particular, American commercial broadcasting. By 1929 when the Aird Report recommended a national network, the potential impact of the report was shaped by the path of early broadcasting and the shifts forced on Canada by American broadcasting and policy. Eventually Canada forged its own course that pulled in both directions, permitting both private commercial networks and public national networks.
Introduction to Media History and Democracy
Authors: Park David W.
Published: February 2018

This thematic issue of Media and Communication features articles that address the workings of democracy as understood through the lens of media history. The intersection of democracy and media history brings together two impossibly expansive terms, so expansive that the articles herein cannot provide any meaningful closure to the questions that even a cursory consideration of media history and democracy would provoke. Instead of closure, what these authors develop is a demonstration of the value of media history to our understandings of democracy. Historical methods of inquiry are necessary components for any meaningful understanding of media or democracy, and the authors gathered here work from a multi-hued palette of historiographical approaches. One finds in this issue a careful attention to how issues related to media history and democracy can be investigated through consideration of intellectual history, the history of political debates, journalism history, and the history of media organizations and institutions. These articles make a strong case for the continued relevance of media history to understanding the democracy and the media.
Determinación de los factores de vulnerabilidad en lagunas de alta montaña: una aproximación
Authors: Valencia-Rojas Mónica Patricia , Figueroa-Casas Apolinar
Published: February 2018

Los procesos de transformación del territorio están dañando importantes sistemas de laguna en la alta montaña en Colombia. Su alteración continua se atribuye principalmente a causas antropogénicas, y afecta los bienes y servicios que proveen, así como la economía de amplios sectores productivos y naturales. El objetivo de este documento es determinar los factores de vulnerabilidad en una laguna de páramo en el departamento del Cauca con base en una propuesta metodológica que integra tres momentos: i) definición del alcance, ii) un modelo conceptual basado en una red causal integrada por los siguientes elementos: ‘direccionado’-presión-estado-impacto-respuesta (DPEIR), y iii) análisis y validación de los factores de vulnerabilidad a la luz de información primaria y secundaria. Los resultados revelaron una compleja relación entre diez factores de vulnerabilidad en procesos biofísicos y sociales, entre los cuales se encuentran la precipitación, la temperatura, el área de litigio entre actores, los rituales y las especies de interés cultural, entre otros. El reconocimiento de los factores de vulnerabilidad a partir de la metodología propuesta en este documento da un punto de partida para la generación de indicadores de análisis sistémico y de abajo hacia arriba (bottom-up) de la vulnerabilidad. Asimismo, se dan indicios de los principales direccionadores de cambio que deben ser atendidos de manera prioritaria por los diferentes actores sociales con la intención de reducir tanto la vulnerabilidad como el riesgo frente a la pérdida de los servicios ambientales de la laguna paramuna estudiada en el Parque Nacional Natural Puracé.
Introducción de la topología de vecindades en los trabajos de Fréchet y Hausdorff
Authors: Arboleda Aparicio Luis Carlos
Published: February 2018

En la primera parte, retomamos testimonios de Fréchet sobre la naturaleza de sus primeros trabajos (1904-1906) en los campos emergentes del Análisis funcional y Análisis general, en relación con su idea de introducir una estructura topológica en un espacio abstracto. En la segunda parte, destacamos la influencia que tuvo en esta idea, el punto de vista algebraico de la época de extender las nociones cantorianas a un espacio abstracto con una estructura de grupo finito. Fréchet supo aprovechar técnicas como el “modo de composición” entre los elementos del espacio, para axiomatizar operaciones y estructuras de la “clase L” con convergencia secuencial, la “clase V” con sistema de vecindades, la “clase E” con “écart” (métrica). Luego se aprovechan nuevos datos históricos para reafirmar la proximidad de las concepciones filosóficas subyacentes a estas investigaciones, con las ideas de Leibniz, específicamente en cuanto al método de “análisis de los  principios”. En la tercera parte se estudia la contribución de Hausdorff de 1912 y 1914 al establecimiento de la axiomática de las vecindades para la topología de un espacio abstracto. Teniendo en cuenta las observaciones de Weyl y Bourbaki de que Hausdorff se inspiró para ello en Hilbert, se examina el sistema de axiomas para las vecindades del plano introducido por Hilbert en dos trabajos de 1902 consagrados al problema de la continuidad del espacio. Se exploran las conexiones del “espacio topológico” de Hausdorff basado en las vecindades, con las nociones de métrica, convergencia secuencial y vecindades propuestas años antes por Fréchet. Hausdorff insistió desde el comienzo que la topología del espacio separable tenía las características de generalidad y rigor formal que le permitían adaptarse a las aplicaciones mejor que otras. Se mostrará que todo ello era consistente con los ideales de simplicidad, unidad y economía de pensamiento que Hausdorff había adquirido en sus trabajos filosóficos tempranos. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Prevalencia y periodicidad del virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia
Authors: Barbosa Juliana , Parra Beatriz , Alarcón Liliana , Quiñones Flor Inés , López Eduardo , Franco Manuel Antonio
Published: February 2018

El virus sincitial respiratorio es uno de los principales agentes causantes de hospitalizaciones en niños menores de 5 años en todo el mundo y es responsable de una significativa mortalidad en los países en vías de desarrollo. Los resultados de estudios recientes sobre la inmunidad antiviral han generado un ambiente de optimismo sobre la posibilidad de lograr una vacuna antiviral segura y eficaz en un futuro cercano. En este contexto, uno de los objetivos del seminario taller sobre integración intersectorial de la investigación en salud, organizado por el Cideim, fue detectar las necesidades de investigación para facilitar la introducción de las vacunas contra el virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia y, en particular, hacer un análisis de la carga de la enfermedad producida por este agente en Colombia. Como contribución a este último objetivo, en el presente trabajo se hizo la revisión de 36 estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos sobre el virus sincitial respiratorio realizados en el país en los últimos 40 años, con el fin de evaluar históricamente la prevalencia de la enfermedad por este patógeno y la periodicidad reportada en las diferentes ciudades de Colombia. Aunque en varias ciudades existe un pico en la presentación del virus entre marzo y abril, particularmente en Bogotá, la ciudad del país con el mayor número de estudios, en otras ciudades, como Cali, este no parece ser el caso. A pesar de que existe heterogeneidad en la prevalencia de las infecciones por el virus sincitial respiratorio (rango de 7 a 41 %) dependiendo, sobre todo, del tipo de estudio, en los últimos 40 años este ha sido el principal agente responsable de la infección respiratoria baja en niños menores de 5 años en Colombia. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Caracterización térmica, mecánica y morfológica de fibras naturales colombianas con potencial como refuerzo de biocompuestos
Authors: Mora-Espinosa William Javier , Ramón-Valencia Bladimir Azdrubal
Published: February 2018

Este estudio se enmarca en el campo de la ciencia e ingeniería de materiales enfocada al desarrollo de nuevos compuestos amigables con el medio ambiente. En este contexto, se evaluaron cinco fibras naturales colombianas: damagua (Poulsenia armata), guérregue, palma estera (Astrocaryum malybo), caña flecha (Gynerium sagitatum) e iraca (Carludovica palmata), con el fin de estudiar su viabilidad como refuerzo en materiales compuestos. Mediante diversas mediciones se determinaron las propiedades térmicas, mecánicas y morfológicas de las fibras naturales. El análisis térmico se hizo utilizando termogravimetría (TGA), y se demostró el carácter hidrofílico de las fibras y su estabilidad a elevadas temperaturas. Se ensayó la resistencia de las fibras a la tracción bajo condiciones de fuerzas axiales estáticas, y se encontraron variaciones en las propiedades mecánicas de cada uno de los especímenes. Las fibras de guérregue y caña flecha registraron valores de resistencia máxima competitivos muy similares a los reportados en otras investigaciones con fibras naturales, en tanto que las otras tres fibras tuvieron bajo desempeño. La microestructura de las fibras se examinó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), y las imágenes revelaron una morfología compuesta por el lumen y la pared celular con variación entre los tamaños, comportamiento éste asociado a las propiedades mecánicas de las fibras naturales estudiadas. En conclusión, dos fibras presentaron las mejores propiedades y cumplieron con las condiciones de estabilidad térmica y resistencia mecánica que las hace aptas como refuerzo en la fabricación de biocompuestos con matrices poliméricas. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Representações da violência no conto “Ana Davenga”, de Conceição Evaristo
Authors: Cardoso Sebastião Marques , Silva Elen Karla Sousa da
Published: February 2018

A literatura produzida por Conceição Evaristo traz a condição do negro brasileiro, notadamente a da mulher negra brasileira. A escritora busca retratar a condição feminina negra na sociedade, de forma realista. A descrição feminina obedece ao real contexto de violência contra a mulher, exclusão social e racial, pois mostra que mesmo inserida em um grupo no qual é contestado pela cor da pele, a mulher negra tende a ser oprimida. As personagens de seus textos nos são expostas, carregadas de denúncias como isolamento, violência, submissão, vida na favela, exclusões sociais, entre outras. Nessa perspectiva, pretendemos analisar o conto “Ana Davenga” (2015), objetivando analisar como se configura a temática da violência. O texto em estudo é uma narrativa que, embora ficcional, é semelhante às vivencias de mulheres de nossa sociedade; embora seja um texto literário, simboliza histórias reais sobre as quais, na maioria das vezes, desconhecemos.
Burrice Acadêmico-Literária Brasileira
Authors: Durão Fabio Akcelrud
Published: February 2018

Este texto investiga a burrice acadêmica brasileira tendo como foco privilegiado o modo como se manifesta nos estudos literários. No que toca ao método, sugere que o objeto de análise devem ser os processos que estruturalmente geram a estupidez, mais do que manifestações específicas, por mais enfáticos que possam ser casos individuais. São três os âmbitos discutidos: 1. a relação entre a universidade de pesquisa e o projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista brasileiro; 2. a equivocada representação social da Área de Letras; e 3. as consequências decorrentes de uma concepção cientificista de tratamento da literatura.
Entrevista com Kenneth David Jackson
Authors: Costa Cynthia Beatrice , Guerini Andréia
Published: February 2018

Entrevista com Kenneth David Jackso, diretor do programa de graduação em Estudos Portugueses da Yale University e autor de Machado de Assis: A Lieterary Life (2015), propondo uma visão marcadamente psicológico-filosófica dos romances do autor. Aqui ele fala sobre Machado de Assis e seu olhar sobre a literatura brasileira e o interesse que ela desperta no mundo anglófono, entre outros assuntos.
Correspondências euro-americanas: Poe, Baudelaire, Valéry, Wilson e a construção do simbolismo
Authors: De Oliveira Anelito Pereira
Published: February 2018

Este artigo revisita um dos temas complexos da história literária ocidental, que é a construção da poética simbolista no século XIX, passo decisivo na instauração da modernidade. Detém-se, para tanto, na relação entre Edgar Alan Poe e Charles Baudelaire, responsável, com traduções pioneiras, pela apresentação do autor estadunidense ao mundo letrado francês. A abordagem é estimulada pela interpretação que Paul Valéry faz da relação entre os dois autores, bem como pela interpretação que Edmund Wilson apresenta do quadro literário romântico anglo-saxão. O Simbolismo, à luz das reflexões desses autores, seria resultante de uma ação supra-nacional, de uma política de poetas, que teve como fim superar limitações sociais e cultuais de países específicos, de estados-nação.
Os escritores da amazônia do século XIX para além das histórias literárias
Authors: Sales Germana Maria Araújo , Silva Alan Victor Flor da
Published: February 2018

Como podemos complementar a história literária vigente? Inúmeros trabalhos, ao longo dos anos, propõem uma leitura complementar ao que está disposto na História da literatura. Dessa forma, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as antologias literárias amazônicas como contribuição para a história da literatura brasileira a fim de recuperar autores de prosa de ficção da Amazônia do século XIX presentes nessas antologias do Oitocentos.
Влияние конформационной стабильности гемагглютинина вируса гриппа на качество инактивированных вакцин H5N1
Authors: Сергеева М.В. , Крохин А. , Матросович М. , Матросович Т. , Волшек М. , Киселев О.И. , Романова Ю.Р.
Published: February 2018

Начиная с 1997 года, в популяции диких и домашних птиц наблюдается постоянная циркуляция высокопатогенных вирусов гриппа подтипа H5N1. Периодически эти вирусы инфицируют людей, что создает угрозу возникновения новой пандемии. При производстве инактивированных вакцин из вирусов H5N1 замечено, что содержание главного компонента – антигена гемагглютинина (HA) – гораздо ниже, чем в аналогичных препаратах сезонных вирусов гриппа. Мы предположили, что урожайность НА определяется его стабильностью. Белки HA, входящие в состав вирионов высокопатогеннных вирусов гриппа птиц, отличаются от HA человеческих изолятов вируса гриппа высоким порогом рН-слияния, или рН-активации (5.6–6.0 vs 5.0–5.4), – значение pH, при котором НА изменяет конформацию, переходя в форму, необходимую для проникновения вируса в клетку. Нами получен мутантный вариант НА вируса A/chicken/Kurgan/5/05 (H5N1) с единственной заменой 58Lys→Ile, находящейся в HA2 субъединице белка. По сравнению с НА дикого типа у мутантного варианта порог рН-активации снижен, а стабильность увеличена как в кислой среде, так и при повышенной температуре. Кроме того, вирионы, содержащие мутантный НА, оказались более устойчивы к расщеплению трипсином и при их замораживании/размораживании нативная структура шипов HA сохранялась лучше, чем в родительском вирусе. Повышенная стабильность мутантного НА коррелировала с увеличением его продукции как антигена в вакцинном препарате. Таким образом, высокое значение рН-активации НА высокопатогенных штаммов вируса гриппа H5N1 определяет низкую конформационную стабильность НА и, как следствие, низкую стабильность вирионов, что влияет на качество получаемых из них вакцинных препаратов.