bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING IN A DEBATE ACTIVITY AS PART OF ENGLISH CLUB PROGRAMS AT SMAN 2 BENGKULU CITY
Authors: Zetri Darpeli Eli , . Arasuli , Aziz Mazrul
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research is to investigate code mixing produced by the students of ‘Debate Activity as part of English Club’ program at SMAN 2 Bengkulu city. The design are descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The subject is eight students who are involved in the debate activity. The instruments consist of observation checklist and interview. The data are taken from the recording of the debate activity on 18th May 2018. In analyzing the data, the researcher trancribes the recording, classifies the data which can be categorized as code mixing based on Fasold’s theory (2004), analyzed the reasons why the students mixed the code, made a percentage and draw conclusion. The result showed that there were two types of code mixing applied by the students in debate activities. The type of code mixing appeared were insertion of word code mixing (56.6%) and insertion of phrase code mixing (43.3%). The data of interview were some reasons why the students mixed the code in the debate activity, namely repetead used for correction, because of unintentionally, and because of less vocabulary. However, the code mixing could not be denied in debate activity as part of English club programs.
METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY AND STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT SMK N 1 KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Syafrianti Herlina , Suwarno Bambang , . Elfrida
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to know the effect of using metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension. The design was quasi-experimental. The sample consists of 69 students in two classes. The instrument consists of reading test which was tried out. The treatment for the experiment group was metacognitive strategy and for the control group was the strategy that the teacher use in the class. The data were collected through pre-test and post-test. The activity in the classroom during six meetings, two meetings for pre-test and post-test and four meetings for teaching in the classroom. The data was analyzed by The Wilcoxon Test and The Mann-Whitney Test. The Wilcoxon Test for the control group showed that there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Wilcoxon test for the experiment group showed that there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The Mann-Whitney test for pre-test showed that there was no significant difference between experiment and control class. The Mann-Whitney test for post-test showed that there was significant difference between experiment and control class. Finding of the research showed that, there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test for the experiment class and there was significant differece between experiment and control class for post-test result. This result indicated that there was an effect of metacognitive strategy towards student’s reading comprehension.
THE EFFECT OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY
Authors: . Sumartini , Puspita Hilda , . Zahrida
Published: August 2019

The research was aimed to investigate whether clustering technique can affect students’ writing ability. The research was conducted at the first year students of Senior High School number 8 Bengkulu. In conducting the research, the researcher applied a quasi experiment method with MIA 2 and MIA 1 as the sample. MIA 2 as an experimental group that consist of 24 students was taught by using clustering technique and MIA 1 as a control group that consist of 26. They were taught by conventional technique. Both of the groups were given pre-test at the beginning, the post test at the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. From the culculation, the reseacher found that t-count was 2.07 and t-table was 2.01. For T-count of organization was 2.56, t-count of content was 3.62 and t-count of coherent was 3.47. Since t-count was higher that t-table, it means H1 was accepted. So, it can be concluded that clustering technique affects students’ writing ability. In spesific, clustering technique improved students’ content, organization, and coherent text.
AN ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION ENCOUNTERED IN MEDICAL TERMS IN THE JAKARTA POST’S ARTICLES
Authors: Triwahyuni Nurlin , . Imranuddin , . Zahrida
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research was to find out the types of word formation in medical terms in The Jakarta Post’s health articles. This research was designed as a descriptive qualitative research. The population of this research was all medical terms in The Jakarta Post newspaper. The sample of this research was medical terms found in seven health articles in The Jakarta Post newspaper which published from June until December 2016. Documentation was used as main instrument in this research. There were 10 types of word formation by Yule (2010). The result of this study showed, there are 55 data of derivation, 20 data of compounding, 16 data of borrowing, 11 data of acronym, 2 data of clipping, and one data of backformation. It can be concluded, there are six types of word formation were found in seven health articles. Further, there is no coinage, blending, conversion, and multiple processes were found in medical terms in seven health articles in The Jakarta Post’s newspapers.
THE EFFECT OF USING PAIR REHEARSAL TECHNIQUE TOWARD STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PARTICIPATION (STUDY AT THE XI TH CLASS OF SMANEGERI 06 KOTA BENGKULU)
Authors: Gultom Lia Christina , Puspita Hilda , Hati Gita Mutiara
Published: August 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate whether there was an effect of the implementation of Pair Rehearsal Technique toward students’ speaking participation. The research was designed as pre-experimental research by using pre-treatment and post-treatment group. The research was conducted at the eleventh IPA grade of SMA Negeri 06 Kota Bengkulu. Random sampling was a technique to take the class. The data were collected through an observation checklist which was adapted from Boyd et al (2007), Vandrick (2000), Teacher Handbook of the National University of Singapore, (NUS, 2009) in Abuid (2014). The result of this research showed a positive effect on students’ speaking participation in verbal and non-verbal participation in the post-treatment rather than in pre-treatment. Nevertheless, students were tended to participate in non-verbal participation.
A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS IN “THE INTERNSHIP” MOVIE BASED ON LARSON’S THEORY (SUBTITLED BY JACK AND THE WILEE)
Authors: Syafitri Lidya Fina
Published: August 2019

This research is aimed at analyzing the idiomatic expressions encountered in “The Internship” movie subtitled by Jack and The Wilee. This movie was translated as ideal translation based on Larson’s theory and to explain how the idiomatic expressions translation of “The Internship” movie are acceptable or not based on Larson’s theory. The object of this study is “The Internship” Movie Subtitle by Jack and the Wilee. In this research, the researcher collected the data by using documentation (library research). Then, there were several steps in procedure of data analysis which was known as Preparing and organizing the data, Coding, and the last steps is Re-presenting the data. According to Larson’s table that the researcher used to analyze the translation appropriateness with Larson’s Criteria of Ideal Translation, the researcher gets the result that show the translation of idiomatic expressions are acceptable or not with Larson’s Criteria. There are three criteria of ideal translation based on Larson’s Theory named Accurate (A), Clear (C), and Natural (N). From the total 55 Idiomatic Expression the researcher shows 80% are Ideal-acceptable translation (I-Acc), 11% are Acceptable translation (Acc), 2% are Unacceptable translation (Un-Acc), and 7% are Failed translation (F). Overall, the translation of idiomatic expression by Jackandthewilee is Acceptable
A STUDY OF DISCOURSE MARKERS USED IN THE THESES BACKGROUND WRITTEN BY THE STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF BENGKULU UNIVERSITY (ACADEMIC YEAR DECEMBER 2016)
Authors: Adewibowo Dio , . Imranuddin , . Azwandi
Published: August 2019

This research was aimed at finding the types of Discourse Markers used by the students and investigating the accuracy of Discourse Markers by the students of English Education Study program graduated in December 2016 at the University of Bengkulu. This research was a descriptive study. The subjects in this research were 10 theses background from the students of English Education Study Program who graduated in December 2016. The result of this research shows that there were four types of Discourse Markers used by the students based on Bruce Fraser’s theory such as Inferential markers, temporal markers, elaborative markers and contrastive markers. The most dominant marker used by the students was Inferential markers with 42%. This research also found that the most accurate marker used was Temporal markers with 78.57% and the lowest accurate marker was Elaborative markers with 52.17%.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH GERUNDS MADE BY THE SIXTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF UNIB IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018
Authors: Nuzirwan Recci , . Imranuddin , . Arasuli
Published: August 2019

The objectives of this research are to find out the types of errors and the most dominant error of using gerunds (as a subject of a sentence, as an object of preposition or after pr eposition, as a direct object of certain verbs, after a special expression and as a passive form) by the sixth semesterstudents  of  English  Education  Study  Program  of  UNIB in the academic year of  2017/2018.  The sample  of  this  research  consisted  of  77  students.  This  research  used  descriptive  quantitative method. The result of the analysis shows that the students made errors in all five types of gerunds. There were 27.1% (809) errors of using gerund as direct object of certain verbs, 24.5% (735) errors of using gerund as passive form, 20.8% (624) errors of using gerund after special expression, 15.5% (463) errors of using gerund as object of preposition or after preposition, 12.1% (361) errors of using gerund as subject of a sentence. Evidently, the most dominant errors made by the students of using gerund were the gerunds as direct object of certain verbs.
AN INVESTIGATION OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES USED BY SIXTH SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITY OF BENGKULU
Authors: Prayogi Afrian Reastu , . Elfrida , Hardiah Mei
Published: August 2019

This research aims to find out the listening comprehension strategies used by sixth semester students of English Education Study Program at University of Bengkulu. The subject of this research is all sixth semester students of English Education Study Program in academic year 2017/2018. This research was using descriptive quantitative as the methodology and the data was collected by using questionnaire as the instrument. The questionnaire consisted of 35 items which represent the use of listening comprehension strategies from cognitive, metacognitive, and socio-affective strategies. This research uses Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 to analyze the data. Oxford’s (1990) rating scheme for strategy use was used to determine the category of listening comprehension strategies use. The result of data analysis shows that students use cognitive, metacognitive, and socio-affective strategies in listening comprehension. Cognitive strategy was used as the most highly use of strategies in listening comprehension with the mean score 3.54 (high), followed by socio-affective strategy with the mean score 3.43 (moderate) and metacognitive strategy with the mean score 3.4 (moderate). From the results, it is concluded that students are using strategies mostly when doing a listening task at the classroom, by using the lexical and grammatical competences also background knowledge to understand the listening materials.
An Analysis of English Speaking Syllable Words Stress Errors by The Students of English Education Study Program of University of Bengkulu
Authors: Styvant Ronaldi , - Arasuli , Afriazi Rudi
Published: August 2019

This research was aimed at finding out the errors of English speaking syllable stress by the students of English Education Study Program, University of Bengkulu. The subject of this study was 19 students with highest GPA and speaking and Phonetic phonology score or both of them of English Program. The method of data collection was recorded. The data were collected by recording their pronunciation in reading words stress and Audacity program to analysze the data. The result of this research showed that English Students pronunced syllable words stress in the first syllable and second syllable with average predicate and 2 stresses in a word with low predicate. Meanwhile, this research also found that a lot of students put the stress on the first syllable.
The Analysis of Factors that Affect Students Anxiety in Speaking for Presentation Class (A Study of the Fourth Semester Students at the English Education Study Program of University of Bengkulu in Academic Year 2018/2019)
Authors: Agustin Nadia , . Mulyadi , . Elfrida
Published: August 2019

This research attemted to find out the factors that affect students speaking anxiety in speaking for presentation class. This research was carried out by employing descriptive quantitative design. The population of this research was the fourth semester students of English Education Study Program of University of Bengkulu in academic year 2018/2019. The samples of this research were taken by using random sampling tehcnique, the total of the sample was 57 students. The data were collected by questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to the anxiety. The results of this study showed that the students mostly had the mildly anxiety. There were three factors that causing the anxiety of the students in speaking; Fear of Negative Evaluation (Mildly Affected; Mean Score: 3.12), Communication Apprehension (Mildly Affected; Mean Score: 3.09), and Test Anxiety (Mildly Affected; Mean Score: 2.89). In conclusion, there were three factors that students speaking anxiety in speaking for presentation class  and the most dominant factors is the Fear of Negative Evaluation
NEEDS ANALYSIS OF ESP FOR TOURISM STUDY PROGRAM AT SMKN 7 (SENIOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL) KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Oktarin Rezky , . Syahrial , Harahap Alamsyah
Published: August 2019

The design of this research is quantitative-qualitative descriptive research. The purpose of this research are first to analyze the English learning needs of students in Tourism Study Program and second to analyze the suitability of existing English textbook used. The subjects of this research are students of SMKN 7 Bengkulu 12th grade, English teachers in SMKN 7 Bengkulu, graduates of Tourism Study Program, and the English language users in the field of Tourism. In this study, researcher used the needs analysis to find what are the need, lacks, and want of students in learning English. The instruments that used in this study are questionnaires, interview, and existing English textbooks used in English language learning. The result of the research indicate that the needs of the Tourism Study Program student grade XII of SMKN 7 Kota Bengkulu are materials and activities that support their activities to work in the tourism field and the existing English textbook used by Tourism Study Program student grade XII of SMKN 7 Kota Bengkulu that is English textbook from Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia (2015) do not cover the students’ need.
Discourse Markers in Argumentative Essay by the English Education Study Program’s Students of Universitas Bengkulu: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nurman Khamidah , Arsyad Safnil , - Zahrida
Published: August 2019

This research is aimed to find the most frequent type of discourse markers used in the argumentative essay and the differences in its use written by the first, third, and fifth semester students of English Education study program of Universitas Bengkulu. The documentation technique and checklist are used in this research. Thirty two argumentative essays written by English Education Study Program’s students were analyzed by using mix method quantitative and qualitative, along with descriptive approach. The results showed that the most frequent type of discourse markers used by English Education students is additive markers (58%). And the students have different amount of discourse markers in their writing where the third semester students used more discourse markers than the other two group of students (148). It is highly encouraged for English Education instructors to take teaching discourse markers specifically into account. It is also suggested for future researchers to further analyze the correct use of discourse markers in the argumentative essay written by English Education Study Program students of Universitas Bengkulu.
Making Use of ‘Rumah Belajar Portal’ to Improve Students’ Ability to Read Descriptive Texts at Grade VII of SMPN 31 Bengkulu Tengah
Authors: Istamia Putri Yanentha
Published: August 2019

Rumah Belajar Portal (RBP) is an alternative online media that was built by the Ministry of Education and culture (KEMDIKBUD) to provide content learning materials for teachers and students, RBP contains some feature but the researcher focused on Sumber Belajar and Kelas Maya feature.This researcher aimed to find out if the use of Rumah Belajar Portal could improve students’ reading comprehension abilities on descriptive text, to describe the students’ participations in the classroom activities, and to describe the students’ responses. The design was classroom action research, which was conducted in two cycles. The subject comprised the students at grade VII of SMPN 31 Bengkulu Tengah and consisted of 11 students. Qualitative and quantitative data were used. The instruments were reading comprehension test, observation checklist (field note) and interview. The result showed that RBP could improve the students’ abilities in reading descriptive text. The students who passed the minimum criterion of mastery (KKM passing grade ?70) improved from 18% in preliminary data to 45% at the end of cycle 1 and to 82% at the end of cycle 2. As for participation, the students were active and enthusiastic in asking and answering the question about the lesson in teaching and learning process. The students’ responses were positive. This shows that RBP was effective to be used in reading descriptive text.
An Investigation of Classroom Management Strategy ( A Case Study of Tenth Grade English Teachers at SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu)
Authors: Ulfa Dona Novianti , Afriazi Rudi , . Elfrida
Published: August 2019

The objective of this research was to find out the classroom management strategies implemented by the English teachers and the reason in applying the most often strategy than others strategies. This study employed the descriptive qualitative method, the subject of the research were the English teachers (2 persons) at SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu.. The data was collected by using observations checklist and interview. The result of the research revealed there are 5 strategies used by the teachers in managing the classroom; 1) Strategies to arrange the classroom, 2) Strategies to build positive relation with the student, 3) Strategies to create positive classroom environment, 4) Strategies to prevent misbehavior and5)   Strategies to handle the students’ discipline situation. In 5 meetings the total aspects of the first strategy applied by the teacher 1 and teacher 2 was about 33 and 37. The second strategy was 30 and 31. The third strategy was 26 and 24. The fourth strategy was 25 and 28. The last strategy was 25 and 24. Furthermore, the reasons of why the teachers applying the most often strategy than others strategies because it helps the teachers in the teaching and learning process to be more conducive. Beside that the strategies also help the teachers to create an effective teaching and learning process. Therefore, it could be concluded that the English teachers of SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu used all the 5 strategies asmentioned by Marzano (2003) in managing classroom but not all aspects they used in teaching and learning process. The dominant strategy implemented by Teacher I and Teacher 2 were strategy to arrange the classroom. Meanwhile, the least strategy implemented by both teachers were the strategy to handle the students discipline situation.
Students’ Motivations in Choosing English as Additional Course in SMAN 1 Bengkulu
Authors: Dahlia Rama , . Mulyadi , Hardiah Mei
Published: August 2019

The type of this research is Descriptive Quantitative and Qualitative research. It is aimed to find out the motivation which make students in XII Social 6 choose English as an additional subject course and to find out the highest motivation which make students in XII Social 6 choose English as an additional subject course. The subject of this study is the students in class XII social 6 SMAN 1 Kota Bengkulu. In this research, the researcher collected the data by using questionnaire. Then, the data obtained from the questionnaires will be analyzed using SPSS program. The data concerning subjects’ general background as well as their comments will be calculated and presented in percentage. A Likert scale will be used to measure the level and type of subjects’ learning motivation. According to table that the researcher used to analyze extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of students in choosing English as additional subject, the researcher got the result that show the extrinsic motivation is the highest reason chosen by the students when they chose English as their additional subject course at school than intrinsic motivation. It can be seen from the calculation scores of students intrinsic and extrinsic motivation that showed the total of mean score for extrinsic motivation is 47.5 and the total mean score for intrinsic motivation is 46.62. There are several extrinsic motivation from the students, for example the students prepare to learn English because they want to continue the study or get the works, go abroad and want to try to communicate with the foreigner.
The Correlation between Students’ Motivation and Their Speaking Achievement at English Department of Halu Oleo University
Authors: Fatimah Wa Ode , Sale Firdaus
Published: August 2019

This research focused on the correlation between students’ motivation and their speaking achievement. The research conducts in Halu Oleo University, English Department at academic year 2017/2018 that have pass Speaking III to see their motivation and speaking achievement. There are 36 students taken as sample. The data of the research collect through close-ended questionnaire adapted from Gardner (1985) who had developed the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) to get the data of students’ motivation index (integrative motivation and instrumental motivation), especially in speaking III. To analyze the data, the researcher uses descriptive statistic to find out the students’ speaking achievement and their motivations based on the five categories of; very good, good, moderate, low and failed. The researcher uses the SPSS 16 program as the statistical program to analyze the data. The finding of the research shows that students’ speaking achievement was mostly categorized as a moderate category and students are moderate motivated in speaking English. The result of inferential statistical analysis show that the result of the Pearson correlation is valued as much as rxy= 0,479 (moderate correlation) with positive significant 0.03(rxy<0.05). Based on the data, the researcher found that there is a significant correlation between students’ motivation and their speaking achievement at English Department of Halu Oleo University. Motivation is an important factor that influenced students’ achievement. Motivation is directly proportional to the score of students. The higher the students’ motivation to speak, the higher their speaking score achieved.
The Effect of Task-Based Learning (TBL) Approach on the Students’ Listening Comprehension at the Tenth Grade of SMAN 3 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Hawara Gio Fresky , . Syahrial , Yunita Wisma
Published: August 2019

This research was aimed to find out the effect of TBL approach on the students’ listening comprehension. This research is a quasi-experimental which was conducted at SMAN 3 Kota Bengkulu in academic year of 2018/2019. The population of this research was the tenth grade students distributed in two classes with the total of 68 students. X- MIPA 1 as experimental group consisted of 34 students and X-MIPA II for control group consisted of 34 students. The instruments of this research was a listening test in the form essay and multiple choice consisted of 14 questions. Pre-test and post-test were conducted in both, experimental and control class. The finding of the result showed that the students taught by using TBL approach got higher score than those  taught without TBL approach. The result showed that there was a significant effect of  using TBL approach on the students’ achievement in listening comprehension which was proven by the result of analysis in independent sample t-test was < 0,05 . It means the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Based on the results and discussions at the research, it can be concluded that teaching and learning listening by using task-based learning approach has a positive effect on students’ listening comprehension. Some suggestions are proposed, Recommendation to teachers using Task-Based Learning Approach in english teaching and learning process because based on this research and previous research indicate the use of Task-Based Learning Approach give positive impact on english learning and The next researcher is recommended to using Task-Based Learning Approach in other English field like speaking and can be use in other method such as english classroom action research.
KINDS OF QUESTIONS MAKING EFL STUDENTS LEARN: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION
Authors: Prasetianto Mushoffan
Published: August 2019

Interactions in the classroom play an important role because learning occurs in the interactions between more knowledgeable person and less knowledgeable person. Interactions in the EFL classroom can be seen as a dialogic activity in which the lecturer raises questions to the students. This study attempted to uncover the types of questions which can make students learn. The participants of the study were the lecturer and students of Language Learning Assessment course. The data of this study were the students’ perceptions on what kinds of questions make them learn and lecturer’s verbal questions. The results of the study show that there are four kinds of questions raised by the lecturer, namely analogy, optional, convergent and divergent questions. From those kinds of questions, divergent questions can make students learn because those questions drive students to have a discussion in which students can interact each other.
SYNTACTICAL ERROR ANALYSIS ON REPORT TEXT
Authors: Dinamika Soraya Grabiella , Hanafiah Ridwan
Published: August 2019

This study aims at investigating and classifying the syntactical errors in the writing of report text made by 20 students of Department of English Literature of FIB-USU. Syntactical errors in writing made by EFL students are needed to be investigated by using the Error Analysis theory developed by Gass & Selinker in 2008 as it provides six appropriate investigation procedures, namely; collecting data, identifying errors, classifying errors, quantifying errors, analyzing errors and remediation.  Each of students was assigned to write a topic-based report text with the length of 150 up to 250 words in count. This study dealt with a qualitative descriptive approach. After the EA procedures applied, in this study found that the students made major syntactical errors within the use of article ‘a/an’,’ the’ in terms of omission and addition of articles, the use of relative pronoun, and the use of subject-verb agreement in terms of past tense agreement and number agreement. Based on the error analysis procedure applied, it was obtained that the most predominant syntactical errors made by the students was the use of article which comprises of 125 errors (50.2%), followed by the use of subject-verb agreement with 117 errors (47%) and followed by the use of relative pronoun as the least error which comprises of 7 errors (2.8%). The syntactical error made by the students caused by two major sources, intra-language error and intra-language error. By seeing at these problematic areas, the researcher has suggested to take out several related pedagogical remediation to the students.
THE ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES USAGE FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING AT UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Manalu Herland Franley
Published: August 2019

The use of Information Technologies (IT) tools has become very important requirements for teachers and students nowadays in achieving academic goals in higher education. The harness of computers, internet, e-mail, multi-media and other IT tools is indispensable and has a great influence on the process of language teaching and learning in an effort to improve the quality of education and to produce best human resources that not only having good competence in foreign language but also possessing great capabilities in the use of Information Technology to face the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The study seeks to find out the frequency and the purposes of IT usage by students and lecturers in the English learning environment. A questionnaire containing questions about the frequency and the use of IT in the teaching and learning process was disseminated to the students and the lecturers of the English Literature department at the University of Bangka Belitung. The study reveals that the lecturers and students show a positive attitude towards the use of IT tools and the harness of the tools in the process of teaching and learning is believed to be very useful.
Revisão bibliográfica das aplicações de Análise Envoltória de Dados em Jogos Olímpicos
Authors: Valle Wallace Giovanni Rodrigues do , Almeida Mariana Rodrigues de , Lima Alessandro Teixeira de
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da avaliação de desempenho dos países em jogos olímpicos, analisando, especificamente, estudos que englobam a técnica não-paramétrica Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA). Os artigos científicos encontrados são datados no período de 2002 a 2018. Requereu-se a organização da evolução das modelagens matemáticas aplicadas e análise dos resultados no processo de avaliação dos jogos. Além disso, observou-se as variáveis utilizadas e outras técnicas que auxiliaram os autores na avaliação realizada. Identificou-se uma tendência, na literatura mais recente, para o uso do modelo DEA em redes. De modo geral, verifica-se que os países padecem de escores mais altos de eficiência, sobretudo no âmbito administrativo. Portanto, após este tipo de disseminação de conhecimento, é possível identificar a necessidade de remodelar e implantar novas estratégias de direcionamento de recursos, a fim de obter melhores índices de desempenho em jogos dessa magnitude.
Engajamento no trabalho: Uma análise dos profissionais de indústrias
Authors: Santos Juliana de Souza , Fiorentin Bruna Eduarda , Stefano Silvio Roberto , Abreu Bruna Bonet de
Published: August 2019

A complexidade e profundidade das necessidades humanas denota uma ampla variedade de aspectos, fatores e situações que as organizações passaram a observar e analisar com maior frequência. O objetivo do estudo é analisar o engajamento no trabalho de profissionais nas indústrias de um município da região centro-oeste do Paraná. Esta pesquisa é de natureza aplicada, de objetivo descritivo e abordagem qualitativa. Como instrumento do estudo, a Escala de Engajamento no Trabalho de Utrecht (UWES) composta por 17 itens, além de perguntas de caráter socioeconômico. Os resultados caracterizam a amostra como maioria dos entrevistados são do sexo masculino, de faixa etária mais jovem, com escolaridade de ensino médio, solteiros, que estudam e trabalho. Quanto a escala UWES, os dados apontam a maior média à dimensão dedicação. Entretanto, quando observado o coeficiente de variação, a dimensão vigor possui menor dispersão, ou seja, demonstrando que os profissionais pesquisados tem maior energia, vitalidade, resiliência mental e persistência ao trabalho. A menor média verificada refere-se a dimensão absorção, destacando alta dispersão quanto a condição de desligar-se do trabalho e percepção do tempo e ao seu redor. Conclui-se, o nível de engajamento no trabalho dos profissionais das industrias é mediano.
Manajemen Madrasah dalam Mewujudkan Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik di MTs Negeri Bondowoso II
Authors: Hidayat Fitri Nur , Karyodiputro Muhammad Ikrom
Published: August 2019

The focus of this research is how the madrasah management process includes planning, organizing, implementing, and monitoring in realizing character education for students at MTsN Bondowoso II? The purpose is to describe the process of planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising madrasas in realizing character education for students at MTsN Bondowoso II. This study uses a qualitative approach, with descriptive analysis methods. Data collection is done by using quasi observation techniques, participation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Checking the validity of the findings is done by means of peer discussion and triangulation techniques that use source triangulation and methods/techniques. The results of this study that madrasah management process in realizing character education at MTsN Bondowoso II was implemented through four aspects/four management functions, namely planning in the form of a madrasah activity program plan, organizing in the form of division of tasks for all teachers and madrasah staff to realize the program activities, implementation in the form of implementation from the program plan for madrasah activities, and supervision in the form of evaluating all performance in implementing the madrasah program, which are four aspects integrated with character values that can be used as role models for students. Keywords: Madrasah Management, Character Education.
Net Enclosure of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Gala’ Apple Trees at Different Bloom Stages Affects Fruit Set and Alters Seed Production
Authors: Elsysy Mokhles , Serra Sara , Schwallier Phil , Musacchi Stefano , Einhorn Todd
Published: August 2019

Thinning is a critical but challenging practice in apple production, especially for organic producers. The objective of this experiment was to determine if exclusion netting, used to manage insect pests and stress, could reduce fruit set and thinning requirements of ‘Gala’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple trees in Michigan and Washington, U.S.A., respectively. Nets were closed around whole canopies at different timings based on a predetermined percentage of open flowers. In 2017 and 2018, netted trees set a full commercial crop regardless of percentage of open bloom at the time of netting, including prebloom enclosures. Fruit set and yield of netted ‘Honeycrisp’ trees were significantly lower than non-netted, nonthinned controls but similar to non-netted hand-thinned controls. ‘Gala’ fruit set and yield did not differ among treatments. Exclusion netting markedly reduced the number of mature seeds and increased the number of nonfertilized seeds in both cultivars. Pollinator exclusion to ‘Gala’ in a frost year increased parthenocarpic fruit set two-fold compared to non-netted trees. Fruit size, shape, and quality attributes of ‘Gala’ were were similar among treatments, but ‘Honeycrisp’ fruit were significantly smaller than hand-thinned, non-netted controls. Netting may constitute an alternative, viable strategy to manage fruit set but requires testing on different cultivars.
Genomic Selection—Considerations for Successful Implementation in Wheat Breeding Programs
Authors: Larkin Dylan Lee , Lozada Dennis Nicuh , Mason Richard Esten
Published: August 2019

In order to meet the goal of doubling wheat yield by 2050, breeders must work to improve breeding program efficiency while also implementing new and improved technologies in order to increase genetic gain. Genomic selection (GS) is an expansion of marker assisted selection which uses a statistical model to estimate all marker effects for an individual simultaneously to determine a genome estimated breeding value (GEBV). Breeders are thus able to select for performance based on GEBVs in the absence of phenotypic data. In wheat, genomic selection has been successfully implemented for a number of key traits including grain yield, grain quality and quantitative disease resistance, such as that for Fusarium head blight. For this review, we focused on the ways to modify genomic selection to maximize prediction accuracy, including prediction model selection, marker density, trait heritability, linkage disequilibrium, the relationship between training and validation sets, population structure, and training set optimization methods. Altogether, the effects of these different factors on the accuracy of predictions should be thoroughly considered for the successful implementation of GS strategies in wheat breeding programs.
Thyroid and Lipid Status in Guide Dogs During Training: Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Content
Authors: Chiofalo Biagina , Fazio Esterina , Cucinotta Salvatore , Cravana Cristina
Published: August 2019

Nutrition plays a leading role that most influences thyroid response and energetic metabolism. Aim was to compare the effect of diet on thyroid and lipid status in guide dogs during a 12-weeks training period. Eight Labrador Retrievers were divided into two groups homogeneous for sex, age, body weight, and Body Condition Score (BCS) and fed two commercial diets one, HPF, characterized by low-carbohydrate/high-protein/high-fat (29%:39%:19% as-fed) and the other, LPF, by high-carbohydrate/low-protein/low-fat (50%:24%:12% as-fed) content. The serum thriiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TAGs) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were determined at Day 0, 28, 56, and 84, before the daily training. Statistical model included the effects of Diet (HPF vs. LPF) and Time (Day 0 to Day 84), and their interaction. In the HPF group, Diet significantly (p < 0.01) increased T4, CHOL, and TAGs and decreased NEFA. In both groups, Time significantly (p < 0.05) increased T4 and TAGs, CHOL at Day 28, and NEFA at Day 56. The interaction did not influence serum hormones and lipid pattern. The adjustments in thyroid and lipid responses to moderate exercise in HPF group were driven mainly by the nutrient composition of the diet in relation to the involvement of metabolic homeostasis.
Phage Display Libraries for Antibody Therapeutic Discovery and Development
Authors: Almagro Juan C. , Pedraza-Escalona Martha , Arrieta Hugo Iván , Pérez-Tapia Sonia Mayra
Published: August 2019

Phage display technology has played a key role in the remarkable progress of discovering and optimizing antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. This technology was initially developed by George Smith in the mid-1980s and applied by John McCafferty and Gregory Winter to antibody engineering at the beginning of 1990s. Here, we compare nine phage display antibody libraries published in the last decade, which represent the state of the art in the discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies using phage display. We first discuss the quality of the libraries and the diverse types of antibody repertoires used as substrates to build the libraries, i.e., naïve, synthetic, and semisynthetic. Second, we review the performance of the libraries in terms of the number of positive clones per panning, hit rate, affinity, and developability of the selected antibodies. Finally, we highlight current opportunities and challenges pertaining to phage display platforms and related display technologies.
Back-to-Germline (B2G) Procedure for Antibody Devolution
Authors: Schrade Anja , Bujotzek Alexander , Spick Christian , Wagner Martina , Goerl Johannes , Wezler Xenia , Georges Guy , Kontermann Roland E. , Brinkmann Ulrich
Published: August 2019

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) with avidity-enhanced specificity can be used to address target cells with increased specificity, ideally binding efficiently to cells that express two cognate antigens, yet not to cells that express only one of those. Building blocks required to generate such bsAbs are binders that recognize the two antigens with high specificity yet with various (including very low monovalent) affinities. The herein described ‘back-to-germline’ (B2G) procedure defines such derivatives. It converts parent antibodies with high specificity to derivatives that retain specificity but modulate affinity. The approach defines mutations to be introduced into antibody complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) regions without requiring structures of antibody-antigen complexes. Instead, it reverses the B-cell maturation process that increases affinities, with preference on CDR residues with high antigen contact probability. Placing germline residues at those positions generates VH and VL domains and Fv-combinations thereof that retain specificities but are ‘de-matured’ to different degrees. De-maturation influences on-rates and off-rates, and can produce entities with extremely low affinity for which binding can only be detected in bivalent formats. A comparison with alanine replacement in CDRs (so far, the most frequently applied technology) indicates that B2G may be more reliable/predictable without introduction of stickiness or poly-reactivity. The applicability for generating sets of affinity-modulated monospecific variants is exemplarily shown for antibodies that bind CD138, Her2/neu, and EGFR.
Direct Measurement of Performance: A New Era in Antimicrobial Stewardship
Authors: Al-Hasan Majdi N. , Winders Hana Rac , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Justo Julie Ann
Published: August 2019

For decades, the performance of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) has been measured by incidence rates of hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile and other infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, these represent indirect and nonspecific ASP metrics. They are often confounded by factors beyond an ASP’s control, such as changes in diagnostic testing methods or algorithms and the potential of patient-to-patient transmission. Whereas these metrics remain useful for global assessment of healthcare systems, antimicrobial use represents a direct metric that separates the performance of an ASP from other safety and quality teams within an institution. The evolution of electronic medical records and healthcare informatics has made measurements of antimicrobial use a reality. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s initiative for reporting antimicrobial use and standardized antimicrobial administration ratio in hospitals is highly welcomed. Ultimately, ASPs should be evaluated based on what they do best and what they can control, that is, antimicrobial use within their own institution. This narrative review critically appraises existing stewardship metrics and advocates for adopting antimicrobial use as the primary performance measure. It proposes novel formulas to adjust antimicrobial use based on quality of care and microbiological burden at each institution to allow for meaningful inter-network and inter-facility comparisons.
Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Malaysia: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of the Clinical Isolates, 1990–2017
Authors: Che Hamzah Ainal Mardziah , Yeo Chew Chieng , Puah Suat Moi , Chua Kek Heng , Chew Ching Hoong
Published: August 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen and its multidrug resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a serious threat to public health due to its limited therapeutic options. The increasing MRSA resistance towards vancomycin, which is the current drug of last resort, gives a great challenge to the treatment and management of MRSA infections. While vancomycin resistance among Malaysian MRSA isolates has yet to be documented, a case of vancomycin resistant S. aureus has been reported in our neighboring country, Indonesia. In this review, we present the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus clinical isolates in Malaysia with data obtained from the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) reports as well as various peer-reviewed published records spanning a period of nearly three decades (1990–2017). We also review the clonal types and characteristics of Malaysian S. aureus isolates, where hospital-associated (HA) MRSA isolates tend to carry staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III and were of sequence type (ST)239, whereas community-associated (CA) isolates are mostly SCCmec type IV/V and ST30. More comprehensive surveillance data that include molecular epidemiological data would enable further in-depth understanding of Malaysian S. aureus isolates.
Impact of Melatonin Supplementation in Women with Unexplained Infertility Undergoing Fertility Treatment
Authors: Espino Javier , Macedo María , Lozano Graciela , Ortiz Águeda , Rodríguez Carmina , Rodríguez Ana B. , Bejarano Ignacio
Published: August 2019

Unexplained infertility occurs when common causes for a couple’s inability to conceive have been excluded. Although origins of idiopathic infertility are still unclear, factors, such as an altered oxidative balance, are believed to be involved. Melatonin is an outstanding antioxidant reportedly present in the follicular fluid (FF), which has been suggested as a useful tool in the management of human fertility. Herein, we observed that intrafollicular concentrations of melatonin were blunted in women with unexplained infertility (UI), which was associated with a marked oxidative imbalance in UI patients’ FF. Based on these findings, this randomized pilot study was aimed at assessing whether exogenous melatonin ameliorated oxidative stress and improved in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates in UI. Thus, 3 mg/day or 6 mg/day of melatonin were given to UI patients for a period spanning from the first appointment to control ovarian stimulation until the day of follicular puncture. Our results indicate that melatonin supplementation, irrespective of the two doses tested, ameliorated intrafollicular oxidative balance and oocyte quality in UI patients, and that this translated into a slight increase in the rate of pregnancies/live births. Therefore, although the indoleamine has shown therapeutic potential in this clinical setting, larger clinical trials in populations with different backgrounds are encouraged to corroborate the usefulness of melatonin.
The Effect of Energy Loss Straggling on SEUs Induced by Low-Energy Protons in 28 nm FDSOI SRAMs
Authors: Zhang Lujie , Xu Jingyan , Chi Yaqing , Guo Yang
Published: August 2019

Sensitive volume thickness for silicon on insulator (SOI) devices has scaled to the point that energy loss straggling cannot be ignored within the development of the manufacturing process. In this study, irradiation experiments and Geant4 simulation were carried out to explore the influence of energy loss straggling on single event upsets (SEUs) caused by sub-8 MeV proton direct ionization. We took a 28 nm fully-depleted SOI static random-access memory (SRAM) as the research target. According to our results, the depositing energy spectrum formed by monoenergetic low-energy protons that penetrated through the sensitive volume of the target SRAM was extremely broadened. We concluded that the SEUs we observed in this article were attributed to energy loss straggling. Therefore, it is sensible to take the new mechanism into consideration when predicting proton-induced SEUs for modern nanometer SOI circuits, instead of the traditional linear energy transfer (LET) method.