bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUMANIZED MODEL OF ISOLATED SUSPENSION CULTIVATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF IONIZING RADIATION INFLUENCE IN VIVO
Authors:   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, G. Skovorody Str. 2, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine, Bilko D. , Russu I. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, G. Skovorody Str. 2, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine, Boiko R. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, G. Skovorody Str. 2, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine, Bilko N. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, G. Skovorody Str. 2, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Objective: development of the humanized system for cells cultivation outside the human organism (human–mouse) and investigation of the influence of ionizing radiation in increasing doses on the colony-forming ability of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Materials and methods. Bone marrow samples of individuals without blood system diseases were cultivated in gel diffusion chambers with semi-solid agar in the abdominal cavity of CBA mice exposed to ionizing radiation action. Cell aggregates, which were obtained in the culture of diffusion chambers in vivo, were counted and colony-forming efficiency of bone marrow cells was determined. Results. We revealed the stimulation of colony forming under the action of ionizing radiation in increasing doses on the animals-recipients of the chambers, which indirectly indicates the synthesis of colony-stimulating factor in the mice organism and its permeation into the diffusion chambers with human bone marrow cells. The effect of cytostatics action on the mice organism was investigated, which in experimentally selected dose cause stimulation of colony forming in cell cultures, both 24 hours and 2 hours after administration. Conclusions. The ability of hematopoietic progenitor cells of bone marrow to form colonies and clusters was evaluated during the cultivation in semi-solid agar in gel diffusion chambers in vivo, as well as the association with the number of explanted cells in the appropriate range was established, which indicates the clonal nature of cell aggregates growth in culture. It was shown that the treatment of animals the day prior to experiment with administration of cytostatics is comparable to the action of ionizing radiation and can be used to study hematopoiesis in «human–mouse» system. Key words: hematopoietic progenitor cells, internal roentgen radiation, cytostatics, cell culture in gel diffusion chambers in «human–mouse» system.
MODIFICATION OF THE TUMOR/INDUCED BYSTANDER EFFECT BY IRRADIATION UNDER COCULTIVATION OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOCYTES FROM HEALTHY DONORS
Authors:   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Кurinnyi D. , Rushkovsky S. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Demchenko O. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Romanenko M. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Liashchenko T. ,   Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Pilinska M. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Objective: Study the tumor-induced bystander effect of blood cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients on non-transformed bystander cells (peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of conditionally healthy individuals) and the possibility of its modification after the impact of ionizing radiation. Materials and methods. We carried out cocultivation and separate cultivation of blood samples from conditionally healthy volunteers and patients with CLL according to our technique. Using the Comet assay, the relative level of DNA damage was evaluated. Results. A statistically significant increase (р < 0.001) in the level of DNA damage in PBL culture of conditionally healthy individuals after co-cultivation with malignant cells of CLL patients was observed. After irradiation, a drop in the level of cells with a high degree of DNA damage was noted, which was connected with an increase in the frequency of cells that were delayed in division at the S stage of the cell cycle. An increase in apoptotic activity in cultures of bystander cells was observed in all variants of the experiment (р < 0.001). Conclusion. The influence of irradiated blood cells of patients with CLL results in an enhancement of the tumorinduced bystander effect manifestation in the PBL of conditionally healthy individuals. Key words: tumor-induced bystander effect, peripheral blood lymphocytes, Comet assay, ionizing radiation.
CYTOGENETIC INDICATORS OF ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS (THE CHORNOBYL EXPERIENCE)
Authors:   R. E. Kavetsky Institute Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy Science of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Djomina E. , Talko V. ,   SI «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» (NRCRM), 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The objective of the study was to improve the biological dosimetry approach among patients with acute radiation sickness of various degrees based on the analysis of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the victims. Materials and methods. The study was based on primary cytogenetic data obtained in May 1986 within examination of the 30 clean-up workers («liquidators») having got stage I–III acute radiation sickness. Dose verification was performed using the cytogenetic dosimetry based on a culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with metaphase analysis of chromosome aberrations. Results. A new method of evaluating the results of patients’ cytogenetic examination at the beginning of specific therapy has been developed. Procedure was performed using a model of multiple linear regression (complex of cytogenetic parameters) and provided a satisfactory diagnostic level (featuring a compliance with initially defined clinical and laboratory diagnoses). Overall frequency of the aberrant cells and radiation markers increased in higher disease stages. There was a trend of the frequency growth of chromatid-type aberrations with increasing of radiation burden. Adequacy of the proposed method based on the regression analysis of cytogenetic results was confirmed through the preservation of group differences in estimates of disease stage in subjects with verified diagnosis. Conclusion. Cytogenetic dosimetry in the scope of examination of persons exposed to ionizing radiation is an obligatory component of radiation sickness stage verification. The recommended method of cytogenetic data evaluation before and at the beginning of detoxification therapy provides a satisfactory level of diagnostics. Key words: acute radiation sickness, Chornobyl NPP accident, cytogenetic dosimetry, blood lymphocytes, chromosome aberrations, multiple linear regression model.
THE BRONCHOPULMONARY SYSTEM DAMAGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE AND RADIONUCLIDES INHALATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHORNOBYL CATASTROPHE (SUMMARIZING OF 35 YEARS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE)
Authors:   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Sushko V. , Shvaiko L. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Bazyka K. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine, Apostolova O. ,   Municipal non-profit enterprise «Oleksandrivska Clinical Hospital of Kyiv», Shovkovychna Str., 39/1, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine, Kolosynska O. ,   State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The review is devoted to the summarizing of 35 years of research of ionizing radiation exposure and radionuclides inhalation influence on the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. Radiation and hygienic preconditions for the formation of chronic respiratory pathology are considered, taking into account the dosimetric data of irradiation of the bronchopulmonary system. The main clinical symptoms, features of disorders of pulmonary ventilation capacity and endoscopic forms of lesions of the bronchopulmonary system of participants in the liquidation of the accident were determined. On the basis of pathomorphological, microbiological and immunological researches the pathomorphosis of chronic nonspecific lung diseases in the conditions of the Chernobyl catastrophe is proved. It is proved that under combined influence of external irradiation and inhalation of a fragmentary mixture of radionuclides in the condition of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the bronchopulmonary system has become one of the main «targets»-tissues, of realization of stochastic and nonstochastic effects. Key words: bronchopulmonary system, Chernobyl accident, influence of ionizing radiation, inhalation of radionuclides, pathomorphosis of diseases.
Determining the analytical sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction targeting Ehrlichia spp. disulfide oxidoreductase gene: Molecular diagnosis of ehrlichiosis in a dog clinically suspected with leishmaniasis
Authors: KARAKAVUK Muhammet , AYKUR Mehmet , CAN Hüseyin , DEĞİRMENCİ DÖŞKAYA Aysu , DAĞCI Hande , GÜRÜZ Adnan , DÖŞKAYA Mert
Published: December 2021

Ehrlichia spp. is tick-borne zoonotic pathogen that can infect humans and animals. Nowadays, among the tests used in the diagnosis of ehrlichiosis, the importance of molecular methods is increasing steadily due to their high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to determine the analytical sensitivity of a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Ehrlichia spp. disulfide oxidoreductase (DSB) gene. Ehrlichia spp. DSB gene was cloned into the TOPO vector. After TOPO plasmid containing DSB gene were serially diluted, PCR targeting the Ehrlichia spp. DSB gene was performed. While working on this research, blood and skin scraping samples of a stray dog clinically suspected with leishmaniasis as well as treated for leishmaniasis arrived to our laboratory. Thereafter, PCRs targeting Ehrlichia spp. DSB and 16S rRNA and Leishmania kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) genes were performed to identify the pathogen in blood and skin scraping samples of the stray dog. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR assay targeting Ehrlichia spp. DSB gene was 1 ≥ copy plasmid/reaction using serially diluted TOPO plasmid containing DSB gene. PCR targeting the Ehrlichia spp. DSB gene was positive and PCR targeting Leishmania spp. kDNA was negative in blood and skin samples of the stray dog clinically suspected with leishmaniasis. Using nested PCR targeting Ehrlichia spp. 16S rRNA, E. canis was identified in blood and skin scraping samples of the stray dog. In this study, PCR targeting Ehrlichia spp. DSB gene has been shown to have high sensitivity. Also it was shown molecular methods can help clinicians in differential diagnosis of ehrlichiosis and leishmaniasis to prevent inappropriate treatment.
Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhânî ve’t-Tabîb’de Salgın Hastalıklara Önerilen Tedavi Yöntemleri
Authors: TOKAT Feyza , UYGUR Ceyhun Vedat
Published: December 2021

Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi’nin XVII. yüzyılda yazdığı Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhânî ve’t-Tabîb, diğer hastalıklarla beraber salgın hastalıklardan korunma yollarını ele alan ve salgın hastalıkların tedavisi için önerilerde bulunan Türkçe tıp yazmalarından biridir. Hezârfen Hüseyin Efendi; eserinde tavsiye ettiği tedavi yöntemlerinde Arap, Acem, Rum ve Yunan tabiplerinden alıntılar yapmış, onlara atıflarda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhân ve’t-Tabîb’in Bosna Hersek Gazi Hüsrev Kütüphanesi R.986’da kayıtlı olan nüshasındaki veba , taun, cüzzam, çiçek, frengi, kızamık, kolera ve sıtma salgın hastalıklarına önerilen tedavi yöntemleri örneklendirilmiş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. Böylelikle bilim tarihi, tıp tarihi ve özellikle de ilaç bilimi tarihi çalışmalarına katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhânî ve’t-Tabîb’de salgın hastalıkların tıbbî tedavi yöntemi olarak bitkisel ve hayvansal ürünler ile taş ve cevherlerin bazen tek başına kullanılmasının, bazen de belli oranlarda bir araya getirilerek mürekkep ilaç hâlinde kullanılmasının önerildiği tespit edilmiştir. Önerilen mürekkep ilaçların yapımında her bir maddenin miktarı, nasıl hazırlanacağı, nasıl kullanılacağı, varsa yan etkileri, biliniyorsa kim tarafından önerildiği belirtilmiştir. Bunun dışında kan alma yöntemi de bir salgın hastalık olan cüzzam hastalığının tedavisi için önerilen tıbbî tedavi yöntemlerinden biridir. Ayrıca Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhânî ve’t-Tabîb’de salgın hastalıklar için az da olsa halk hekimliği uygulamalarının önerildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak yine de Tuhfetü’l-Erîbi’n-Nâfia li’r-Rûhânî ve’t-Tabîb bir halk hekimliği ürünü değil, bilimsel bir tıp kitabıdır.
Unilateral nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia presenting as Cushing’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Naznin Lubna , Giti Susane , Islam SK Md Jaynul , Akhter Khandaker Rokshana , Yasmin Shamoli , Islam Md Rafiqul
Published: December 2021

Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess cortisol. Nodular adrenal hyperplasia is usually bilateral and has only a few case reports of unilateral presentation. Biochemically it is presented as hyperaldosteronism or as Cushing’s syndrome. Here, we are reporting a 17-year-old female presenting with weight gain over 5 months and uncontrolled hypertension. Biochemically she was found to have diabetes mellitus, secondary hypothyroidism and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism due to Cushing’s syndrome of adrenal origin. Unilateral adrenal adenoma/hyperplasia in right adrenal gland was evident by radiology. Histopathological examination was done after laparoscopic adrenalectomy showed nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia in right adrenal mass. Following surgery, clinical features of the patient improved notably. Cushing syndrome due to unilateral nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia is a rare entity. Biochemical evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, radiological evidence and histopathology are the important armaments can guide to final diagnosis.
BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(1): 78-82
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Four Underutilized Fruits of Bangladesh
Authors: Zitu Ashiq Arafat , Shourove Jahid Hasan , Hoque Md Mozammel , Ara Rowshon
Published: December 2021

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of four underutilized fruits namely Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.), Olive (Elaeocarpus serratus L.), Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), and Taikor (Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.) commonly found in Bangladesh were evaluated. The highest total phenolic content (685.08 ± 27.65 mg GAE/100 ml) and total flavonoid content (148.18 ± 0.40 mg QE/100 ml) were found in Taikor extract, which compliance with its highest DPPH scavenging activity and antibacterial properties. It exerted a significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) zone of inhibition against Escerichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. than the other experimented fruit extracts. The antioxidant activity was found as Taikor (43.15 ± 1.61%)> Roselle (33.07 ± 1.61%) > Olive (28.68 ± 0.78%) > Jujube (24.81 ± 1.34%). Bacillus spp. are found to be more susceptible to the experimented sample extracts. Fruit samples studied may be utilized as potential sources of natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds, and their extracts may be used as natural biopreservatives to extend the shelf life of foodstuffs.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1035-1039, 2021 (December)
Effects of Boron Application and Gamma Ray Irradiation On Yield of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Grown in Sandy Soil
Authors: Moursy Ahmed A , Ismail MM
Published: December 2021

Effects of boron as an essential nutrient for sugar beet along with gamma irradiation was traced under field conditions. Data demonstrated that the fresh and dry root yields of sugar beet significantly increased with the increase either gamma dose or boron levels comparing to the non-irradiated and born-untreated plants. It seems that root dry weight tended to increase gradually with increasing gamma dose 0 to 100 Gy, then tended to decrease with 200 Gy dose but it still increased with gradual increases of boron levels. In this regard, the best value of root dry weight was achieved with 100 Gy dose interacted with 2.40 kg/ ha of boron addition. On the other hand, plants exposed to 50 Gy and treated with 2.40 kg/ ha reflected the highest shoot dry matter yield compared to other treatments. Relatively, this treatment increased shoot dry weight by about one fold, two folds and near to two folds for the same sequence. Behavior of NPK uptake by shoots has the same trend. Plants irradiated with 100 Gy together with 2.40 kg boric acid ha-1 yielded the highest total soluble solids (TSS%) and produced the best per cent of sucrose.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1041-1049, 2021 (December)
Soil Fertility Properties, Leaf Nutrient Status and Yield Of Coconut and Intercrops as Influenced and Coconut Based Cropping System in Coastal Plain of Western India
Authors: Shinde VV , Sumitha S , Maheswarappa HP
Published: December 2021

An experiment was conducted during 2013 -2019 to study the impact of intergrated nutrient management through organic matter recycling (OMR) on the soil properties, leaf nutrient status and yield of coconut and its components crops at Regional Coconut Research Station (AICRP on Palms), Bhatye, Maharashtra, India. The experiment was laid out in 0.40 ha with four treatments namely T1, T2, T3 and T4. Results showed that, INM practices significantly improved the soil physico-chemical, biological properties and leaf nutrient status, whereas it was more prominent for the T1 treatment. The soil organic carbon content during post experimental period gradually increased in the organic recyclable treatment under cropping system (0.80 to 0.86%) compared to monocropping (0.60%). The recyclable biomass produced from the system varied between 9.0 - 18.0 t/ha/year and vermicompost produced was 4.8 to 10.2 t/ha/year by composting through earthworm. The nut yield (147.2 and 138.4 nuts/palm), copra output (25.75 and 23.06 kg/palm) and oil output (17.11 and 15.72 kg/palm) under treatment T1 and T2 were on par and differed significantly compared to monocrop.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(4): 1067-1075, 2021 (December)
ЦИФРОВІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОЇ ОСВІТИ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Качак Тетяна Богданівна
Published: December 2021

У статті зроблено аналіз особливостей використання цифрових інструментів та організації інтегрованої з методикою навчання літературної освіти майбутніх учителів початкової школи в умовах дистанційного навчання.
Зазначено, що в процесі підготовки студентів-педагогів у ДВНЗ «Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника» дистанційне навчання відбувається на основі використання доступних платформ, ресурсів та цифрових інструментів. Розглянуто апробовані у 2020-2021 н.р. цифрові інструменти, інтегровані з методикою навчання літературної освіти студентів, – набір Інтернет-платформ, онлайн сервісів, програм, конструкторів, додатків та інших цифрових ресурсів, які дають змогу забезпечити формування літературної та методичної компетентностей здобувачів педагогічної освіти.
Запропоновано огляд моделей взаємодії викладача і студентів, практикованих під час дистанційного вивчення дисципліни «Дитяча література та методика навчання літературного читання» (спеціальність «Початкова освіта»). Йдеться про синхронну взаємодію в реальному часі та єдиному віртуальному просторі через відеозв’язок (ресурси google meet, zoom); опосередковану (асинхронну) взаємодію під час виконання й перевірки завдань (d-learn, classroom); індивідуальну й колективну взаємодію з використанням приватних каналів спілкування (мобільний зв’язок, e-mail, viber, facebook).
Охарактеризовано та класифіковано актуальні під час формування літературної та методичної компетентностей студентів цифрові інструменти чотирьох груп: платформи для організації онлайн навчання, пошукові системи, онлайн сервіси й комп’ютерні програми для створення цифрового контенту і медіапродуктів для професійної діяльності, програми для оцінювання знань. Подано перелік вебсервісів для створення інтерактивних плакатів (Thinglink, Glogster), інтерактивних часових стрічок подій з додаванням фото, аудіо та відеоматеріалів (Tiki-Toki, Time line JS, Time.Graphics), карт пам’яті, ментальних карт (FreeMind, iMindMap, Mindomo, Mindmeister, Spiderscribe), створення анімаційних роликів та відеоскрайбінгу (Powtoon.com, Sparkol VideoScribe), хмари слів (Mentimeter, Wordart.com, Word it out), інтерактивних вправ і завдань (Learning Apps) та ін.
На підставі проведення емпіричного дослідження та результатів опитування майбутніх учителів початкової школи стверджено, що підвищенню пізнавального інтересу й мотивації до навчання студентів в умовах дистанційного навчання сприяють нетрадиційні й авторські методи та форми роботи, зокрема онлайн зустрічі з письменниками («Літературна академія»), учителями й бібліотекарями, майстер-класи, онлайн аукціони методичних ідей, організація інтерактивної взаємодії студентів під час підготовки та презентації групових проєктів. Зазначено позитивні й негативні аспекти дистанційного навчання.
An advanced endoscopic surgery robotic platform for removal of early-stage gastrointestinal cancer using endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Lau Ka Chun , Yam Yeung , Chiu Philip Wai Yan
Published: December 2021

Two gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, stomach and colorectal cancer, have the fifth and third highest incident rates and the fourth and second highest mortality rates among all cancers, respectively. Combined, they had 2.8 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths annually. Fortunately, early-stage GI cancer has a high five-year survival rate if the tumour can be removed completely. Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) is the gold standard for the removal of early-stage GI cancer as it has a high rate of en-bloc resection and a low rate of recurrence. However, ESD is a very technically challenging surgical operation. It has a relatively high rate of failure, including perforation of the stomach or colon. Therefore, a surgical robotic platform with high dexterity and better ergonomics is in high demand, which can ease the technical problems induced by conventional ESD procedures. In our previous study, a prototype of an endoscopic surgery robotic platform was built and the preliminary experimental results showed that the dual flexible arm robotic platform with wire-driven continuum structure was capable of increasing the efficiency and safety in performing ESD under the master-slave controlling scheme. An advanced robotic platform was built based on this prototype to achieve higher flexibility and production requirements. The design of these two platforms and experimental results will be presented in detail.
Accuracy and precision of the CSLT measurement system: An experiment to defect diagnoses in bored piles
Authors: Wang Zezhong , Ho Eric Tak Cho , Zwetsloot Inez Maria
Published: December 2021

A new measurement system called Crosshole Sonic Logging Tomography (CSLT) provides information on the size, shape, and orientation of defects in a bored pile. The CSLT measurement system has not (yet) been accredited in Hong Kong for foundation testing. Bored piles in Hong Kong are generally wide and deep. Existing measurement accuracy studies do not consider this large type of bored piles. The objective of this research is to quantify the measurement accuracy and precision of the CSLT method for large diameter bored piles (the most common pile type for public housing projects in Hong Kong). A test pile was constructed with known defects and perform experiments with a CSLT measurement system to quantify its accuracy and precision. CSLT is found to be accurate in detecting shape, size, and location of large defects but small defects close to the tube are difficult to detect. Generally speaking, CSLT has satisfactory accuracy and precision for practical use. The use of CSLT can be considered as a feasible method in defect diagnosis of bore piles in Hong Kong.
Büyük Doğu Japonya Depremi Sonrası Japon Mevzuatında Görülen Eksikliklerin Düzeltilmesi Bağlamında Deprem ve Hukuk
Authors: BAYRA Ersin
Published: December 2021

Japonya coğrafi konumu itibariyle sık sık deprem ve tsunami gibi doğal felaketlerle karşı karşıya kalan bir ülkedir. Bu nedenle geçmişten beri doğal felaketler hususunda çok kapsamlı bir mevzuata sahip olmuştur. Ancak 11 Mart 2011 tarihinde yaşanan 9.0 büyüklüğündeki deprem bu kapsamlı mevzuatın aynı anda yaşanabilecek felaketler karşısında yetersiz kalabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Öyle ki deprem sonucu meydana gelen tsunami nükleer ölçekte bir krize neden olmuş, arka arkaya yaşanan bu üç felaket (deprem, tsunami ve nükleer sızıntı) sebebiyle mevcut afetle mücadele araçları etkisiz kalmıştır. Bunun üzerine Japonya’nın doğal felaketlere ilişkin mevzuatında kapsamlı bir değişikliğe gidilme ihtiyacı hasıl olmuştur. Bu minvalde çalışmada 2011 yılında gerçekleşen bu üç büyük felaket sonrası Japonya’da elde edilen tecrübelerin hukuka nasıl yansıdığı sorusu ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma sonucu Türkiye gibi deprem kuşağında yer alan bir ülkenin söz konusu tecrübelerden faydalanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Changing Notion of Object and Targeting Data Under the Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: GÜL Yunus Emre
Published: December 2021

The notion of an object is changing by being taken small steps. Although, there is an ambiguity whether ‘data’ is an object or not under the law of armed conflict, the qualification of it will be discussed from different perspectives in this article. While the lex lata position does not accept data as an object by the impact of textual interpretation, the lex ferenda position approaches differently and regards data as an ‘object’ by taking teleological interpretation into consideration. As a last point of view, it will be demonstrated that state practice seems to progress towards the latter approach by giving examples from official documents prepared by states and international organisations. At this point, it will be demonstrated in this article that data is not an object, but it evolves towards being accepted as an object.
Avaliação do grau de conhecimento dos colaboradores e residentes de pediatria sobre o 9º Passo do Hospital Amigo da Criança em Maternidade de Ensino em Aracaju/SE
Authors: Barreto Carla Rayane Meneses Santana , Lopes Izailza Matos Dantas
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O uso de bicos, chupetas e mamadeiras, quando não utilizado para estimular a maturação da sucção do bebê, contribuem para o desmame precoce. Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos colaboradores e residentes de pediatria em uma maternidade de ensino sobre o 9º passo dos "Dez Passos para o Sucesso do Aleitamento Materno”. Metodologia: Pesquisa transversal, prospectiva, descritiva. O universo do estudo foi composto por 51 profissionais da Unidade Intermediária de Cuidados Neonatais de uma Maternidade de Ensino em Aracaju/SE. A coleta de dados foi obtida através de questionário, validado pela OMS, da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, especificamente o nono passo o qual se refere ao não uso de chupeta. Resultados: observou-se que 60,4% dos profissionais conhecem o 9º Passo. Não há relação entre o fato da colaboradora ser mãe e as variáveis relacionadas ao uso e conhecimento sobre o nono Passo. Em relação a oferta de algum instrumento de hábito oral, 64,0% dos participantes afirmaram que ofertam, 57,1% expressaram que os mesmos interferem no treinamento do aleitamento materno. Verificou-se que 70% declarou que o objetivo do uso da chupeta era acalmar o bebê. Além disso, 81,6%   expôs que o hábito de ofertar chupetas já existia ou surgiu com a impossibilidade do acompanhamento permanente da genitora devido à pandemia do novo Coronavírus. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os colaboradores são conhecedores do Passo 9, no entanto, esses conhecimentos não se refletiram na prática.
К вопросу о времени вычленения истории международных отношений из общеисторических процессов
Authors: МАЗАРЧУК Д. В. , ЧЕСНОВСКИЙ М. Э.
Published: December 2021

В статье проанализированы основные проблемы прошлого,
решение которых привело к вычленению истории международных отношений
из общеисторических процессов. Они связаны с эпохой, ознаменовавшей, во-
первых, практику выделения субъектов (акторов) межгосударственных отно-
шений, во-вторых, осмысление сути механизма баланса сил и накопление опы-
та его использования. Постепенное распространение названных акторов и ис-
пользование в процессе их взаимодействия феномена баланса сил привело к
выделению дипломатии как особой деятельности и становлению внешней по-
литики как особой сферы отношений.
Проведенный анализ позволяет утверждать, что вызревание предпосылок
для внедрения практики международных отношений началось с эпохи Возрож-
дения и впервые получило оформление фактом Вестфальского мира 1648 г.
Вестфальская система отношений закрепила обязательства государств выпол-
нять подписанные договоры и узаконила практику межгосударственного взаи-
модействия на основе международного права и канонов дипломатии, тем са-
мым предопределив эволюцию прежних международных связей в систему меж-
государственных / международных отношений, и став отправной точкой для
становления истории международных отношений как научной дисциплины. Ре-
зультат исследования дает основание принять в белорусской исторической
науке данное методологическое разграничение между всеобщей историей и ис-
торией международных отношений.
Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton in lakes of different trophic status
Authors: Selivonchyk Iryna N.
Published: December 2021

In the article, we present the data about the dominant complexes of zooplankton species in the pelagic zone of lakes Naroch, Myastro, Batorino (2014 –2019), Malye and Bolshie Shvakshty (2014 –2015), Svir (2018). The seasonal dynamics of zooplankton is analysed. The contribution of taxonomic groups and individual species in the abundance and biomass of zooplankton in lakes with different trophic status is studied. We noted two peaks in the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton. Rotifers prevailed in the spring, while Crustacea dominated in the summer-autumn period. The relative biomass of cladocerans increased and the proportion of copepods decreased with the increasing of trophic status of the lakes.
Shifts in the geographical and commodity structure of production and world export of high-technology industrial products with different R&D intensity
Authors: Rodionova Irina A. , Antipova Ekaterina A.
Published: December 2021

The industrialisation of the world economy continues to develop not only at the expense of economically developed, but also at the expense of developing countries. This leads to a spatial regrouping of forces in the architecture of world industry at the regional and global levels. Changes can be traced both in production and in trade in products of hightechnology industries. The purpose of the study is to characterise modern processes in the global manufacturing industry, to show the changing role of regions in the world industry and world trade in products of knowledge- and technologyintensive (KTI) industries with varying degrees of research and development (R&D) intensity, to identify the role of a new leading region, as well as the positions of China and other countries. In the course of the research, Asia’s stable leadership in the production and export of products of high-technology industries with varying degrees of R&D intensity was established. It is shown that at present the Asia region is the leader, first of all, due to the industrial development of China, the share of which is about 30 % in the production of products of the world manufacturing industry. At the same time, the share of China in the manufacturing industry of the Asian region (the modern leader of the world industry) exceeds 50 % (as well as in the trade in industrial products of the countries of this region) already. China came out on top in the export of all groups of high-technology goods with varying degrees of R&D intensity, including in the export of high-technology goods with high R&D intensive (23 and 20 % of world exports, respectively). China is the leader in the production (26 %) and export (12 %) of high-technology goods with medium-high R&D intensity also. The strengthening of the position of the Asian region in the world industry and world trade of knowledge- and technology-intensive goods in the second decade of the 21st century is revealed.
Factor structure of assertity questionnaire
Authors: Sheinov Viktor P. , Dziavitsyn Anton S.
Published: December 2021

The authors made an attempt to reduce the number of items on the A26 questionnaire by improving the factor structure of the assertiveness questionnaire. Thepreviously carried out development of a reliable and valid Russian-language assertiveness questionnaire A26 made it possible to obtain a large number of results, including partially repeating foreign ones, but also showing significant differences in the properties of assertion among Russian-speaking research participants. Questionnaire A26 includes 26 questions aimed at finding out how a person behaves in relation to others, to friends, close people and how he reacts to various life situations. Correlation and factor (exploratory and confirmatory) analyses of the original version of the A26 questionnaire and its version A23, reduced to 23 items, were carried out. Thefactorial models of the A26 and A23 questionnaires are presented and analysed. Both of them contain factor 1 «confidence» and factor 2 «determination», which include all items of A23, but in A26 there are two items that are not included in any of the factors. Model A23 is more strongly associated with the indicated factors of assertiveness, as well as with the most reliable correlates of assertiveness: strategies of behaviour in conflict, life satisfaction (positive connection) and shyness (negative connection). At the same time, A23 has better uniformity and discrimination than A26. Thecorrelation between A26 and A23 is 0.988. We obtained a reduced to 23 items version (A23) of the assertiveness questionnaire with the best psychometric properties, which meets the main criteria of reliability and validity. Thearticle contains the full (A26) and abbreviated (A23) versions of the assertiveness questionnaire.
Inequality of children’s opportunities in extracurricular education in post-Soviet countries
Authors: Ivanov Ivan Yu. , Kosaretsky Sergey G.
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of inequality of opportunities for children’s participation in extracurricular education in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The differences in the general coverage of extracurricular education and the peculiarities of participation due to the territory of children’s residence (urban and rural) are presented and analysed. There is also a discussion of the trends and causes of changes in extracurricular education’s availability in the post-Soviet period. The article analyses the legislative regulation of the issues of extracurricular education’s accessibility and the content of national policies to ensure the fair and inclusive nature of extracurricular education. An attempt is made to correlate the level of institutionalisation of national regulation of extracurricular education with the participation rate. The article is based on quantitative and qualitative data collected during a two-year study of the institutional transformation of the extracurricular education sector in the countries of the former Soviet Union.
Content consumption patterns new media by the population of Belarus: theoretical and methodological aspect of the construction
Authors: Бельский Александр Михайлович
Published: December 2021

The article indicates the relevance of the study of media practices of the population with the exit to the formation of relatively stable models of media consumption in the conditions of the reflexive growth of the impact of such a player in the information field as new media. The characteristics of the features of the typologisation and classification of social subjects are given, possible approaches to typologisation and classification are reflected, as well as those contradictions that may arise during the implementation of the designated research procedures. A two-stage scenario for the implementation of the study of media consumption of the population of Belarus with the derivation of social portraits of consumers of traditional and new media finds its justification, the content of these constructs is reviewed. Using a practical example of an independent representative sociological research, the possibilities of factor and cluster analysis in empirical typology using software are demonstrated with a detailed description of the implementation of procedures and proposals for ways to resolve possible difficulties in the course of their application. The author presents and interprets the author’s five-component typology of media consumption models with an exit to the possibility of its application in wide practice with the available array of primary sociological information on the basis of calculating a number of additional indicators. The results obtained can find their application in the sociology of mass communication and the media and are addressed to specialists in the field of sociology of public opinion, theories of the information society, as well as the theory and methodology of sociology.
The Relationship between Self-efficacy and Emotional Intelligence (EI) among Tour Guides
Authors: Min Jennifer Chen-Hua
Published: December 2021

Self-efficacy is a key determinant of successful performance and plays a critical role in affecting an individual’s motivation and behavior. It refers to individuals’ levels of confidence in their ability to execute a course of action or achieve specific performance outcomes. Emotional intelligence (EI), or the intelligent use of emotions, is being recognized as a significant factor at work, and it can be enhanced through proper EI training interventions. Therefore, this study uses self-evaluation to achieve a better understanding of how EI relates to the self-efficacy among tour guides, who significantly influence tourists’ impressions of a destination. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to examine significant relationships between these factors. The results found all EI variables, including Self-Emotion Appraisal, Others’ Emotion Appraisal, Regulation of Emotion, and Use of Emotion, are positively associated with self-efficiency. The results have practical implications, as the abilities of EI are improved through the proper interventions which in turn allow an individual to become more confident in successfully completing tasks when faced with challenging situations, resulting in an increase in one’s positive mindset.
Academic Burnout pada Proses Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Novianti Rima
Published: December 2021

Academic burnout mengacu pada stress dan faktor psikologis karena proses pembelajaran sehingga menunjukan keadaan kelelahan emosional, kecenderungan untuk depersonalisasi dan perasaan prestasi yang rendah. Sindrom ini dapat mempengaruhi kompetensi mahasiswa dan perubahan fisik dan mental. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk diketahuinya academic burnout pada pembelajaran daring. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional, populasi pada penelitian adalah mahasiswa STIKes Horizon yang telah melakukan proses pembelajaran daring selama1 tahun akademik, pengambilan sample menggunakan Snowball Sampling dan Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 276 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan academic burnout dengan melihat nilai exhaustion, Cynicism dan professional efficacy. Korelasi exhaustion dengan Cynicism menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat lemah dan arah hubungan bernilai positif (R= 0.680), korelasi exhaustion dengan professional efficacy menunjukkan hubungan kuat dan arah hubungan bernilai negative (R= -0.244), korelasi Cynicismdengan professional efficacy menunjukkan hubungan kuat dan arah hubungan negative (R= -0.311), dapat disimpulkan bahwa dimensi exhaustion, Cynicism dan professional efficacy saling mempengaruhi pada academic burnout, hal ini diperkuat dengan ditemukan data mayoritas mahasiswa merasa lelah 155 (56.2%), memiliki perasaan sinis 137 (49.6%) dan merasa tidak kompeten dengan proses pembelajaran 140 (50.7%). Saran, Untuk meningkatkan efek positif dan mencegah insiden academic burnout di kalangan mahasiswa, dianjurkan untuk melakukan perubahan strategi pembelajaran dan berinovatif, Penelitian ini dapat juga menjadi dasar bagi pengelola untuk dapat melakukan perubahan strategi pembelajaran yang inovatif pada saat pembelajaran daring.
Kecemasan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Meningkatkan Tekanan Darah Lansia
Authors: Evitasari Desi , Amalia Merlly , Pikna Yenni Meriyani
Published: December 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 dapat menjadi stressor bagi lansia sehingga menimbulkan kecemasan. Kecemasan dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah pada lansia sehingga menimbulkan kejadian hipertensi. Kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di UPTD Puskesmas DTP Argapura Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2019-2020 mengalami kenaikan yaitu dari 25,7% menjadi 28,4% atau naik sebesar 2,7%. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kecemasan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 terhadap peningkatan tekanan darah lansia di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas DTP Argapura Kabupaten Majalengka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu lansia di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas DTP Argapura Kabupaten Majalengka sebanyak 92 orang pada bulan Mei-Juni 2021. Pengumpulan datanya untuk kecemasan menggunakan instrumen Zung Self Anxiety Scale (ZSAS), sedangkan untuk mengukur tekanan darah menggunakan Sphygmomanometer dan stetoskop. Analsis data menggunakan uji chi square. Kurang dari setengah (27,2%) lansia pada masa pandemi Covid-19 mengalami cemas sedang dan lebih dari setengah (54,3%) lansia mengalami hipertensi stadium 1. Terdapat pengaruh kecemasan lansia pada masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada lansia di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas DTP Argapura Kabupaten Majalengka dengan r value = 0,000. Kecemasan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 terbukti meningkatkan tekanan darah pada lansia.
Türkiye Afet Bilgi Bankası (TABB) ile EM-DAT Veri Tabanlarının Karşılaştırılarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHAN Can , KAYA İsmail
Published: December 2021

Afet risk yönetimi kapsamında strateji geliştirmeye yönelik ilk adım, mevcut durumun analiz edilmesidir. Mevcut durumun analiz edilebilmesi için çeşitli veri setlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Çeşitli veri setleri sayesinde, risk analizlerinin yapılması ile karar vericiler ve uygulayıcılar tarafından politika ve stratejilerin belirlenmesi daha kolay hale gelmektedir. Öte yandan bu veri setlerine tek elden ulaşmak da çok önemlidir. Çünkü çok farklı kurumlar tarafından kayıt altına alınan verilerle çalışmalar yapmak araştırmacıların gözünde büyümekte ve doğru veriye ulaşım zorlaşmaktadır. Tüm bu problemlerin giderilmesi amacıyla Türkiye Afet Bilgi Bankası (TABB) oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada uluslararası alanda en fazla atıf alan veri tabanlarından bir tanesi olan EM-DAT ile TABB veri tabanları temel özellikler bakımından karşılaştırılarak güçlü ve zayıf yönleri araştırma kapsamında ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda TABB veri tabanının güvenirliği de çalışma ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak TABB veri tabanı için yapılan değerlendirmede, geniş yelpazede afet ve acil durumları ve bunların özelliklerini kayıt altına alması ayrıca kayıt için herhangi bir kriterin olmaması kapsamlı risk analizlerinin yapılmasına olanak sağladığı söylenebilir. Farklı türlerde afet ve acil durumların kayıt altına alınması önemli olduğu kadar bunların veri tabanına eksiksiz şekilde girilmesi de bir o kadar önemlidir. Ancak 2010-2020 yılları arasında ülkemizde meydana gelen depremlerin bilgileri EM-DAT veri tabanı tarafından girilmesine rağmen TABB veri tabanı tarafından girişlerin yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu da yapılan çalışmaların güvenirliğini etkileyerek karar vericilerin ve uygulayıcıların afet ve acil durumlar için afet risk yönetimi kapsamında yanlış stratejiler geliştirilmesine neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında öneriler geliştirilerek sonuç bölümünde listelenmiştir.
AMERICAN BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ANTES DE 1786
Authors:   Universidade de Yale - EUA, Baldwin Simeon Eben
Published: December 2021

The title of this article requires a definition of the terms employed. The subject must necessarily be examined from a statistical standpoint, and statistics are of little value unless the basis upon which they are made up is stated with some precision. The phrase "business corporation" will be employed to denote only corporations formed primarily to promote business enterprises, either by the investment of money as a productive capital, or by encouraging and facilitating such investments on the part of others. The term "American" is used in accordance with its conventional acceptation in this country, as restricted to what pertains to territory included within the limits of the United States
Teachers’ metacognition and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs) of Elementary School learners in Eastern Samar, Philippines
Authors: Ellado Princess Mae M
Published: December 2021

This investigation aimed to identify a significant relationship between teachers' metacognition and learners’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTs). The correlational research method was employed to satisfy the investigation's primary objective. Two respondents were involved, including a total enumeration of Grade VI teachers and randomly selected Grade VI learners in Can-avid District. Through the administration of adapted sets of questionnaires and analysis of data using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical tools, the study revealed the following salient findings: (1) majority of the teacher respondents indicated a very high level of conceptual knowledge of cognition and planning skills of cognition regulation rather than procedural knowledge and evaluating and monitoring skills; (2) learners have exhibited very poor higher-order thinking skills in terms of scientific inquiry skills of analyzing, evaluating, and creating; and that (3) teachers’ metacognition only manifested a weak negative correlation with learners creating skills. The study recommends the advancement of teachers’ metacognition and learners’ HOTs through active integration of said skills in the curriculum and providing opportunities for teachers’ professional advancement. Finally, future researchers should conduct a larger-scale inquiry to fully comprehend the relationship between the variables studied in this study and to fully realize the impact of metacognition on learners' skills, which was not demonstrated in this paper.