bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild Temperature Thermal Treatments of Gold-Exfoliated Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Sangiorgi Emanuele , Madonia Antonino , Laurella Gianmarco , Panasci Salvatore Ethan , Schilirò Emanuela , Giannazzo Filippo , Píš Igor , Bondino Federica , Radnóczi György Zoltán , Kovács-Kis Viktória , Pécz Béla , Buscarino Gianpiero , Gelardi Franco Mario , Cannas Marco , Agnello Simonpietro
Published: January 2025

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide is considered an extremely promising two-dimensional material for innovative electronics due to its direct bandgap and high charge-carrier mobility. The optical and electronic properties of monolayer MoS2 can, however, be strongly influenced by the specific synthesis route, posing challenges for industrial-scale production. In this study, we investigated the effects of moderate temperature thermal treatments under a controlled O2 atmosphere on the properties of monolayer MoS2 flakes. We found that the treatments can effectively tune the doping level of monolayer MoS2. Notably, 225 °C was identified as the optimal temperature for enhancing its optical emission properties. Our findings suggest that the removal of sulfur vacancies and impurities underlies these effects, demonstrating a promising approach for tuning the properties of monolayer MoS2 at mild temperatures.
Iota-Carrageenan/Chitosan Nanoparticles via Coacervation: Achieving Stability for Tiny Particles
Authors: Klein Rosecler S. , de Almeida Débora A. , de Oliveira Ariel C. , Bonafé Elton G. , Monteiro Johny P. , Sabino Roberta M. , Martins Alessandro F.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the influence of parameters such as pH condition, polyelectrolyte concentration, polymer ratio, and order of addition of the commercial polyelectrolytes chitosan and iota-carrageenan (ι-carrageenan) on the formation of polymeric nanoparticles in suspension (coacervates). A preliminary purification step of the polymers was essential for obtaining stable nanoparticles with small sizes as impurities, particularly metal ions that interfere with complexation, are removed by dialysis. Microparticles (13.5 μm in dry diameter) are obtained when aliquots of chitosan solution are poured into the ι-carrageenan solution. In general, an excess of chitosan results in the formation of agglomerated particles. The addition of an aliquot of ι-carrageenan solution (30 mL at 0.6 mg/mL and pH 4.0) to the chitosan solution (6.0 mL at 0.3 mg/mL and pH 4.0) leads to dispersed nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic radius of 278 ± 5 nm, a zeta potential of −31 ± 3 mV, and an average dry diameter of 45 ± 11 nm. The hydrodynamic radius increases as the pH rises. The partial deprotonation of ι-carrageenan chains enhances the interaction with water molecules, causing the particles to swell. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of polyelectrolyte complexation processes in aqueous suspension and provide insights for developing stable nanomaterials for potential practical applications.
Cross-Sectional Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Spanish Adolescents with Mediterranean and Western Diets
Authors: Redruello-Requejo Marina , del Mar Blaya María , González-Reguero Daniel , Robas-Mora Marina , Arranz-Herrero Javier , Partearroyo Teresa , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio , Penalba-Iglesias Diana , Jiménez-Gómez Pedro , Reche-Sainz Paloma
Published: January 2025

Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Western diet (WD), influence gut microbiota composition and functionality, which play important roles in energy metabolism and nutrient absorption. Objectives: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the gut microbiota of 19 Spanish adolescents and to investigate the association of MD and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake with microbial diversity and community structure. Methods: Functional diversity of gut microbiota was evaluated using Biolog EcoPlates, taxonomic composition was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing via MinION, and phenotypic responses to antibiotics were analyzed using the cenoantibiogram technique under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Results: Adolescents with higher adherence to the MD exhibited greater functional diversity, as per the Shannon–Weaver index. In addition, this group showed higher abundance of bacterial genera previously described as beneficial, such as Paraclostridium, Anaerobutyricum, Romboutsia, and Butyricicoccus. In contrast, adolescents reporting greater UPF intakes had a microbiota composition similar to those with low adherence to the MD, characterized by decreased abundance of beneficial genera. Regarding antibiotic resistance, significant differences were only observed under anaerobic conditions, with individuals with low adherence to the MD showing more sensitivity for most antibiotics tested. Conclusions: These results suggest that the MD promotes a healthier and more balanced gut environment, potentially improving metabolic functions in adolescents. Despite the lack of differences in α-diversity, comparisons of microbial community structure between adolescents following the MD and those with high UPF (characteristic of the WD) showed clear differences in terms of β-diversity. These findings suggest that dietary patterns influence the composition of the gut microbiota in a more complex manner, beyond just taxonomic richness. The outcomes of this exploratory study highlight opportunities for future research to deepen understanding of the long-term health implications of these dietary patterns, as well as the mechanisms regulating the composition, functionality, and phenotypic responses to antibiotics of gut microbial communities.
Chrononutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Castro-Mata Pilar C. , Cueto-Manzano Alfonso M. , Vizmanos Barbara , González-Ortiz Ailema , Betancourt-Núñez Alejandra , Martín-del-Campo Fabiola
Published: January 2025

Chrononutrition, the study of the interaction between biological rhythms and nutrition, has emerged as a promising field for addressing metabolic health. However, its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains underexplored. CKD patients often experience circadian disruptions due to renal, metabolic, treatment-related, and lifestyle factors, which may influence their nutritional status and clinical outcomes. Objective: to synthesize and analyze the existing evidence on chrononutrition in CKD patients, identify knowledge gaps, and propose directions for future research across different stages of CKD. Initially, this review contextualizes circadian physiology, alignment, and chronodisruption to explore such factors in CKD patients, focusing on chrononutrition variables already studied in the general population. We discuss how dietary timing and habit adjustments could influence CKD clinical outcomes, offering insights into circadian impacts on disease management. This new approach could optimize patient care, encouraging further research, particularly in the development of personalized strategies for different stages of the disease.
Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium breve Improve Symptomatology and Neuronal Damage in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reiriz Manuel , Beltrán-Velasco Ana Isabel , Echeverry-Alzate Víctor , Martínez-Miguel Esther , Gómez-Senent Silvia , Uceda Sara , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This systematic review focused on collecting the most significant findings on the impact of the administration of Bifidobacterium infantis (or Bifidobacterium longum subps. infantis) and Bifidobacterium breve, alone, in conjunction, or in combination with other strains, in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). These diseases are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, resulting in a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. AD is typified by a progressive decline in cognitive abilities, while PD is marked by motor symptoms associated with the loss of dopamine (DA). Methods: Five different databases, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS), were reviewed and the studies were screened for inclusion by the following criteria: (i) studies that specifically evaluated the use of Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, or Bifidobacterium breve as a therapeutic intervention, either in human or animal models, in the context of neurodegenerative diseases; (ii) the studies were required to address one or more of the pathologies examined in this article, and the pathologies included, but were not limited to, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and oxidative stress; (iii) the full text was accessible online; and (iv) the article was written in English. Results: The data suggest that these probiotics have neuroprotective effects that may delay disease progression. Conclusions: This study provides updated insights into the use of these Bifidobacterium strains in neurodegenerative diseases like AD and PD, with the main limitation being the limited number of clinical trials available.
Bridging Gaps in Migraine Management: A Comprehensive Review of Conventional Treatments, Natural Supplements, Complementary Therapies, and Lifestyle Modifications
Authors: Abo-Elghiet Fatma , Elosaily Heba , Hussein Doha K. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , A’aqoulah Ashraf , Yousef Einas M. , Selim Heba Mohammed Refat M. , El-Dessouki Ahmed M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Migraine, a complex neurological condition, poses significant challenges for both sufferers and healthcare providers. While prescription medications play a vital role in managing migraine attacks, the quest for natural, non-pharmacological alternatives has garnered increasing interest. This review explores the efficacy and safety of natural supplements as treatments for migraine relief, comparing them with conventional prescription medications. Methods: The review delves into herbal supplements, clinical studies on natural remedies, aromatherapy, dietary influences, and lifestyle modifications in the context of migraine management in several databases. Results: The findings shed light on the potential of natural supplements as complementary or alternative approaches to traditional migraine therapies, offering insights into a holistic and personalized treatment paradigm for migraine sufferers. Conclusions: Natural supplements have gained attention as potential treatments for migraine relief, often perceived as safer alternatives to conventional medications.
Transdermal Delivery of Botulinum Neurotoxin A: A Novel Formulation with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kumar Raj , Singh Bal Ram
Published: January 2025

Background: Botulinum neurotoxin is widely regarded as a “wonder medicine” due to its therapeutic efficacy in treating a variety of conditions. While it is traditionally classified as a neurotoxin, it is arguably more appropriate to refer to it as a neuromedicine. All FDA-approved formulations of botulinum neurotoxin are currently administered through intramuscular injections, with no other delivery methods widely used. The primary reasons for this include the following: (a) the extremely high potency of the toxin, (b) the potential for diffusion to adjacent muscles, (c) factors related to the site of administration (e.g., muscle thickness), (d) the large size of the molecule, (e) the impermeability of skin to large protein molecules, and (f) safety concerns. Despite these challenges, there is growing interest in the development of an effective transdermal formulation of botulinum neurotoxin. Refining and standardizing the delivery technology for topical or transdermal use remains an important goal for the future. Methods: The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion-based transdermal formulation capable of delivering active botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) through human skin. The goal was to demonstrate its efficacy in a mouse model, highlighting the therapeutic effects on both neuromuscular activity and hyperhidrosis. We successfully developed a nanoemulsion-based formulation that facilitates the transdermal delivery of BoNT. The formulation was homogeneous, stable, and efficacious. In a mouse model, we evaluated the neurotoxin’s impact on neuromuscular function using the Digital Abduction Score (DAS) for toe-spread and rota-rod assay to assess motor coordination. Results: The results confirmed the successful paralytic effect of the neuotoxin. The formulation significantly reduced sweating in the hyperhidrosis mouse model, indicating the therapeutic potential for this indication. Beyond the neurotoxin’s paralyzing effect, we also observed the recovery of nerve function, showing that the neurotoxin does not cause permanent damage, further underscoring its safety and efficacy. Conclusions: This formulation is the first of its kind to successfully deliver a large biomolecule like BoNT across the skin and produce a therapeutic effect. The ability to deliver large biomolecules transdermally has the potential to serve as a platform technology for treating a variety of conditions, including neuromuscular disorders, skin conditions, and localized pain management.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase-Inhibitory, and Antibacterial Activity of Syzygium cumini Linn. Seed Extracts
Authors: Pandey Jitendra , Jaishwal Nitesh , Jayswal Mamta , Gupta Deep Chand , Dhakal Bishnu , Budean David , Lamichhane Gopal , Devkota Hari Prasad
Published: January 2025

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as the Jamun or Indian blackberry, is a tropical evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent, and it belongs to the Myrtaceae family. This research aimed to assess the antibacterial properties of the extracts derived from S. cumini seed kernels and evaluate their total flavonoid content, total phenol content, total carbohydrate content, antioxidant capacity, and inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase. Cold maceration was chosen for its ability to preserve thermolabile compounds and efficiently extract bioactive constituents with minimal energy and equipment requirement, with hexane and methanol employed as extraction solvents. The methanolic seed kernel extract of S. cumini showed the highest flavonoid (127.78 μg quercetin equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 21.24 μg quercetin equivalent/mg in hexane dried extract) and polyphenol content (153.81 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 38.89 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg in hexane dried extract), along with significant carbohydrate content (475.61 μg glucose equivalent/mg dried extract vs. 5.57 μg GE/mg in hexane dried extract). It also demonstrated potent antioxidant activity (IC50: 9.23 μg/mL; ascorbic acid: 5.10 μg/mL) and xanthine oxidase inhibition (IC50: 14.88 μg/mL), comparable to the standard drug allopurinol (IC50: 6.54 μg/mL), suggesting its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the methanolic extract of seed kernels exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 19.00 mm against S. epidermidis, higher than the standard antibiotic (gentamicin: 18.33 mm) against K. pneumonia (ciprofloxacin: 33.66 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.32 mg/mL and 0.52 mg/mL, respectively, were observed for the same extract against S. epidermis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the remarkable antibacterial effects of S. cumini methanolic seed kernel extract against various pathogenic microorganisms as well as significant inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and antioxidant activity.
Comprehensive Review: Optimization of Epoxy Composites, Mechanical Properties, & Technological Trends
Authors: Fekiač Jozef Jaroslav , Krbata Michal , Kohutiar Marcel , Janík Róbert , Kakošová Lucia , Breznická Alena , Eckert Maroš , Mikuš Pavol
Published: January 2025

Epoxy composites play a crucial role in modern materials technologies, with their exceptional properties such as high strength and thermal and chemical resistance, making them ideal for a wide range of industrial applications, including aerospace, automotive, construction, and energy. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current trends and advancements in epoxy composites, focusing on mechanical properties and their optimization. Attention is given to technological innovations, including the use of nanotechnologies, hybrid reinforcement, and eco-friendly materials, which are key to enhancing the performance and sustainability of these materials. The analysis shows that the introduction of nanomaterials, such as graphene, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide, can significantly improve the strength, fatigue resistance, and electrical properties of epoxy composites, opening new possibilities in advanced technologies. Another significant contribution is the development of hybrid composites, which combine different types of fibers, such as carbon, aramid, and glass fibers, enabling the optimization of key properties, including interlayer strength and delamination resistance. The article also highlights the importance of environmental innovations, such as bio-based resins and self-healing mechanisms, which enable more sustainable and long-term effective use of composites. The combination of theoretical knowledge with practical applications provides valuable guidance for designing materials with precisely defined properties for future industrial use. This text thus offers a comprehensive view of the possibilities of epoxy composites in the context of increasing demands for performance, reliability, and environmental sustainability.
Damage and Failure Analysis of Polymer-Based Composites
Authors: Cheng Xiaoquan , Huang Wenjun , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2025

Polymer-based composites are widely used in aerospace, automotive, construction and wind energy fields due to their high specific strength and stiffness, corrosion resistance, and customizable properties [...]
Hydrophobic Ti3C2Tx/TEMPO Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers Composite Aerogel for Efficient Oil-Water Separation
Authors: Guo Yaqing , Zhang Juncheng , Wang Siyuan , Li Xiyue , Miao Yuanyuan , Zhou Jing , Liu Zhenbo
Published: January 2025

To address the pollution issues of industrial oily wastewater and catering industry wastewater, a series of Ti3C2Tx/TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers composite aerogels with varying Ti3C2Tx content were successfully prepared using liquid nitrogen non-directional and directional freezing methods, with Ti3C2Tx and TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) as the main raw materials. The prepared samples were then hydrophobically modified using methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The results showed that the directional Ti3C2Tx/TOCNF composite aerogel had the most orderly SEM morphology. The hydrophobic Ti3C2Tx/TOCNF composite aerogels exhibited efficient adsorption separation capabilities, with an adsorption capacity ranging from 21.5 to 78.2 times their own mass. Notably, the oil absorption performance was optimal when the mass fraction of Ti3C2Tx was 33.3%. After five adsorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of M5C10 (with a mass ratio of Ti3C2Tx to TOCNF of 5:10) only decreased by around 11%. M5C10 exhibits highly efficient oil absorption performance, which is of considerable significance for the research on oil-water separation treatment of industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater, and sewage from the catering industry.
The Pseudo-Bilayer Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer of Polymer Solar Cells in Green Solvent with 18.48% Efficiency
Authors: Cao Jingyue , Xu Zheng
Published: January 2025

Planar heterojunction (PHJ) is employed to obtain proper vertical phase separation for highly efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, it heavily relies on the choice of orthogonal solvent in the production process. Here, we fabricated a pseudo-bilayer bulk heterojunction (PBHJ) PSC with cross-distribution in the vertical direction by preparing two layers of PM6 and BTP-eC9 blends in an o-XY solution with different dilution ratios to study the morphological evolution of PBHJ film. We found that the PBHJ film exhibits more uniform and suitable continuous interpenetrating network morphology and proper phase separation in the vertical direction for the formation of p-i-n structure. This provides an effective channel for exciton dissociation and charge transport, which is confirmed by both exciton generation simulations and charge dynamics measurements. The PBHJ devices can effectively inhibit trap recombination and accelerate charge separation and transfer. Based on good active layer morphology and balanced charge mobility, all-green solvent-processed PSCs with champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.48% and 16.83% are obtained in PM6:BTP-eC9 and PTQ10:BTP-eC9 systems, respectively. This work reveals the potential mechanism of morphological evolution induced by the PBHJ structure and provides an alternative approach for developing solution processing PSCs.
The Image of God and Prayer in the Statements of Young People Aged 15–19 from Southeastern Poland
Authors: Kielian Andrzej Michał , Zellma Anna , Solecki Roman , Szczukiewicz Piotr
Published: January 2025

This article aims to explore the image of God and prayer practices among young people aged 15–19 from southeastern Poland. The study was conducted between 2019 and 2020 using an online survey (CAWI) on a sample of 1171 students. Cluster and exploratory factor analysis identified three types of God images: transcendent, nature-based, and human construct. The results suggest that the image of God influences the frequency and context of prayer. Adolescents with a transcendent image of God pray more often in emotional contexts, such as gratitude or fear. The study also highlights the decreasing importance of traditional prayer rituals, suggesting a process of individualization of religiosity and the impact of secularization.
Enacting Mysticism in the World: Practical Sufism in the Tariqa Karkariyya and Alawiyya
Authors: Thibdeau John C.
Published: January 2025

In this article, I will touch on the ethical and moral possibilities of mysticism. On the one hand, I discuss the kinds of ethical work required to open and cultivate experiences of the divine. On the other hand, I look at how those experiences of the divine create new opportunities for kinds of ethical relationships to oneself, to others, and to the divine. In doing so, I connect the practices of asceticism—zuhd—with the types of experience characteristic of Sufi mysticism through the concept of tarbiya. Understanding taṣawwuf as an ongoing process in which experiences of the divine are a part, not an end, helps us grasp the intransitive nature of the term taṣawwuf itself. The goal in doing so is to think through what an ‘inner-worldly’ mysticism might look like—a category noticeably absent from Weber’s analysis. Part of its absence, I would suggest, is due to the fact that it does not map onto the passive–active distinction between mysticism and asceticism he tends to draw. But rather than merely critique Weber’s model, which, of course, is grounded in ideal types, and therefore nothing ever fits solely into one of his categories, my goal is to consider what an active inner-worldly mysticism might look like. In other words, what are the modes of ethical engagement and action made possible by those experiences which are considered to be direct experiences of the divine and how are those direct experiences in turn made possible by different kinds of ethical work? In this article, I will consider each of these in relation to two Sufi orders based on my fieldwork in Morocco—the Karkariyya and the Alawiyya. These are two closely related orders that are part of the Shadhiliyya, and they share several members within their spiritual lineages, with the split dating only to the 20th century. Through an analysis and comparison of the two groups, I investigate what an active mysticism could look like in the world today and hope to create new spaces for comparative mysticism that would see mystics as deeply concerned with changing their social worlds.
Enhancing Cross-Modal Camera Image and LiDAR Data Registration Using Feature-Based Matching
Authors: Leahy Jennifer , Jabari Shabnam , Lichti Derek , Salehitangrizi Abbas
Published: January 2025

Registering light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data with optical camera images enhances spatial awareness in autonomous driving, robotics, and geographic information systems. The current challenges in this field involve aligning 2D-3D data acquired from sources with distinct coordinate systems, orientations, and resolutions. This paper introduces a new pipeline for camera–LiDAR post-registration to produce colorized point clouds. Utilizing deep learning-based matching between 2D spherical projection LiDAR feature layers and camera images, we can map 3D LiDAR coordinates to image grey values. Various LiDAR feature layers, including intensity, bearing angle, depth, and different weighted combinations, are used to find correspondence with camera images utilizing state-of-the-art deep learning matching algorithms, i.e., SuperGlue and LoFTR. Registration is achieved using collinearity equations and RANSAC to remove false matches. The pipeline’s accuracy is tested using survey-grade terrestrial datasets from the TX5 scanner, as well as datasets from a custom-made, low-cost mobile mapping system (MMS) named Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Multi-sensor roBOT (SLAMM-BOT) across diverse scenes, in which both outperformed their baseline solutions. SuperGlue performed best in high-feature scenes, whereas LoFTR performed best in low-feature or sparse data scenes. The LiDAR intensity layer had the strongest matches, but combining feature layers improved matching and reduced errors.
Quantifying the Impact of Crude Oil Spills on the Mangrove Ecosystem in the Niger Delta Using AI and Earth Observation
Authors: O’Farrell Jemima , O’Fionnagáin Dualta , Babatunde Abosede Omowumi , Geever Micheal , Codyre Patricia , Murphy Pearse C. , Spillane Charles , Golden Aaron
Published: January 2025

The extraction, processing and transport of crude oil in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has long been associated with collateral environmental damage to the largest mangrove ecosystem in Africa. Oil pollution is impacting not only one of the planet’s most ecologically diverse regions but also the health, livelihoods, and social cohesion of the Delta region inhabitants. Quantifying and directly associating localised oil pollution events to specific petrochemical infrastructure is complicated by the difficulty of monitoring such vast and complex terrain, with documented concerns regarding the thoroughness and impartiality of reported oil pollution events. Earth Observation (EO) offers a means to deliver such a monitoring and assessment capability using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements as a proxy for mangrove biomass health. However, the utility of EO can be impacted by persistent cloud cover in such regions. To overcome such challenges here, we present a workflow that leverages EO-derived high-resolution (10 m) synthetic aperture radar data from the Sentinel-1 satellite constellation combined with machine learning to conduct observations of the spatial land cover changes associated with oil pollution-induced mangrove mortality proximal to pipeline networks in a 9000 km2 region of Rivers State located near Port Harcourt. Our analysis identified significant deforestation from 2016–2024, with an estimated mangrove mortality rate of 5644 hectares/year. Using our empirically derived Pipeline Impact Indicator (PII), we mapped the oil pipeline network to 1 km resolution, highlighting specific pipeline locations in need of immediate intervention and restoration, and identified several new pipeline sites showing evidence of significant oil spill damage that have yet to be formally reported. Our findings emphasise the critical need for the continuous and comprehensive monitoring of oil extractive regions using satellite remote sensing to support decision-making and policies to mitigate environmental and societal damage from pipeline oil spills, particularly in ecologically vulnerable regions such as the Niger Delta.
Impact of Anticyclonic Mesoscale Eddies on the Vertical Structures of Marine Heatwaves in the South China Sea
Authors: Song Xindi , Sun Ruili , He Shuangyan , Zhang Haoyu , Gu Yanzhen , Li Peiliang , Song Jinbao
Published: January 2025

Under global warming, the South China Sea (SCS) is experiencing increasingly severe marine heatwaves (MHWs), with impacts on marine ecosystems such as coral reefs and marine pastures becoming more evident. The numerous anticyclonic eddies (AEs) distributed in the SCS are important drivers of MHW generation and development, yet their impacts on MHWs are still not fully understood. In this study, the vertical structures of various types of MHWs inside the AEs and in the background field were mapped and compared, and we found that AEs of varying amplitudes have distinct impacts on the vertical structures of MHWs. MHWs inside the AEs can be divided into two categories: subsurface-reversed MHWs and subsurface-intensified MHWs. The former is manifested as anomalous cooling in the subsurface, driven by the uplift of thermocline due to the inhibition of downward mixing. The latter is characterized by anomalous warming in the subsurface, resulting from strong vertical warm-water subsidence induced by large-amplitude AEs. This process may penetrate the thermocline and produce maximum warming anomalies in the layer beneath the region of greatest temperature gradient change. Our research reveals characteristics of various vertical structures of MHWs in the SCS, attributing their differences to the stable water layer’s different response to varying intensities of vertical heat conduction, and deepening people’s understanding of the impact of AEs in the SCS on the vertical structure of MHWs.
Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning for Real-Time Intrusion Detection in IoMT Environments
Authors: Alalwany Easa , Alsharif Bader , Alotaibi Yazeed , Alfahaid Abdullah , Mahgoub Imad , Ilyas Mohammad
Published: January 2025

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling advanced patient care through interconnected medical devices and systems. However, its critical role and sensitive data make it a prime target for cyber threats, requiring the implementation of effective security solutions. This paper presents a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) specifically designed for IoMT networks. The proposed IDS leverages machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, employing a stacking ensemble method to enhance detection accuracy by integrating the strengths of multiple classifiers. To ensure real-time performance, the IDS is implemented within a Kappa Architecture framework, enabling continuous processing of IoMT data streams. The system effectively detects and classifies a wide range of cyberattacks, including ARP spoofing, DoS, Smurf, and Port Scan, achieving an outstanding detection accuracy of 0.991 in binary classification and 0.993 in multi-class classification. This research highlights the potential of combining advanced ML and DL methods with ensemble learning to address the unique cybersecurity challenges of IoMT systems, providing a reliable and scalable solution for safeguarding healthcare services.
ATEX-Certified, FPGA-Based Three-Channel Quantum Cascade Laser Sensor for Sulfur Species Detection in Petrochemical Process Streams
Authors: Moser Harald , Waclawek Johannes Paul , Pölz Walter , Lendl Bernhard
Published: January 2025

In this work, a highly sensitive, selective, and industrially compatible gas sensor prototype is presented. The sensor utilizes three distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers (DFB-QCLs), employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) in the spectral regions of 8.0 µm, 7.5 µm, and 4.9 µm, respectively. In addition, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware is used for real-time signal generation, laser driving, signal processing, and handling industrial communication protocols. To comply with on-site safety standards, the QCL sensor prototype is housed in an industrial-grade enclosure and equipped with the necessary safety features to ensure certified operation under ATEX/IECEx regulations for hazardous and explosive environments. The system integrates an automated gas sampling and conditioning module, alongside a purge and pressurization system, with intrinsic safety electronic components, thereby enabling reliable explosion prevention and malfunction protection. Detection limits of approximately 0.3 ppmv for H2S, 60 ppbv for CH3SH, and 5 ppbv for COS are demonstrated. Noise-equivalent absorption sensitivity (NEAS) levels for H2S, CH3SH, and COS were determined to be 5.93 × 10−9, 4.65 × 10−9, and 5.24 × 10−10 cm−1 Hz−1/2. The suitability of the sensor prototype for simultaneous sulfur species monitoring is demonstrated in process streams of a hydrodesulphurization (HDS) and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit at the project’s industrial partner, OMV AG.
An Improved Soft Island Model of the Fish School Search Algorithm with Exponential Step Decay Using Cluster-Based Population Initialization
Authors: Demidova Liliya A. , Zhuravlev Vladimir E.
Published: January 2025

Optimization is a highly relevant area of research due to its widespread applications. The development of new optimization algorithms or the improvement of existing ones enhances the efficiency of various fields of activity. In this paper, an improved Soft Island Model (SIM) is considered for the Tent-map-based Fish School Search algorithm with Exponential step decay (ETFSS). The proposed model is based on a probabilistic approach to realize the migration process relying on the statistics of the overall achievement of each island. In order to generate the initial population of the algorithm, a new initialization method is proposed in which all islands are formed in separate regions of the search space, thus forming clusters. For the presented SIM-ETFSS algorithm, numerical experiments with the optimization of classical test functions, as well as checks for the presence of some known defects that lead to undesirable effects in problem solving, have been carried out. Tools, such as the Mann–Whitney U test, box plots and other statistical methods of data analysis, are used to evaluate the quality of the presented algorithm, using which the superiority of SIM-ETFSS over its original version is demonstrated. The results obtained are analyzed and discussed.
How the Concept of “Regenerative Good Growth” Could Help Increase Public and Policy Engagement and Speed Transitions to Net Zero and Nature Recovery
Authors: Pretty Jules , Garrity Dennis , Badola Hemant Kumar , Barrett Mike , Butler Flora Cornelia , Cameron Catherine , Grist Natasha , Hepburn Leanne , Hilburn Heather , Isham Amy , Jacobi Erik , Lal Rattan , Lyster Simon , Magnason Andri Snaer , McGlade Jacquie , Middendorf Jan , Milner-Gulland E. J. , Orr David , Peck Lloyd , Reij Chris , Rockström Johan , Ronesh Yarema , Saito Osamu , Smith Jo , Smith Pete , Thorne Peter , Watabe Atsushi , Waters Steve , Wells Geoff
Published: January 2025

Just and fair transitions to low-carbon and nature-positive ways of living need to occur fast enough to limit and reverse the climate and nature crises, but not so fast that the public is left behind. We propose the concept of “Regenerative Good Growth” (RGG) to replace the language and practice of extractive, bad GDP growth. RGG centres on the services provided by five renewable capitals: natural, social, human, cultural, and sustainable physical. The term “growth” tends to divide rather than unite, and so here we seek language and storylines that appeal to a newly emergent climate-concerned majority. Creative forms of public engagement that lead to response diversity will be essential to fostering action: when people feel coerced into adopting single options at pace, there is a danger of backlash or climate authoritarianism. Policy centred around storytelling can help create diverse public responses and institutional frameworks. The practises underpinning RGG have already created business opportunities, while delivering sharp falls in unit costs. Fast transitions and social tipping points are emerging in the agricultural, energy, and city sectors. Though further risks will emerge related to rebound effects and lack of decoupling of material consumption from GDP, RGG will help cut the externalities of economies.
Does Pollution Information Disclosure Affect Corporate Employment? Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Liang
Published: January 2025

This study examined the impact of pollution information disclosure on corporate employment demand. Utilizing data from A-share listed companies between 2009 and 2018, we examined the impact of pollution information disclosure on corporate employment requirements using the pollution information transparency index (PITI). The research indicates the following: ① The publication of pollution information significantly reduces corporate employment demand. A series of 2SLS analyses were performed using the air mobility coefficient and Internet penetration as instrumental variables, and the aforementioned conclusions remained valid. ② The analysis of the mechanism indicates that the disclosure of pollution information imposes environmental governance pressure on enterprises via the negative effects of environmental costs. Consequently, enterprises are likely to diminish their employment demand in reaction to the increase in environmental management costs in the short term. The positive impact of corporate technology R&D on employment demand has not yet been demonstrated. ③ Further analysis showed that the impact of pollution information disclosure on corporate employment is more obvious among state-owned enterprises and heavily polluting enterprises, industries with higher wage levels, employees of high-skilled enterprises, and employees in the production sector. ④ The impact of pollution information disclosure on corporate employment shows a growing positive effect; i.e., a favorable relationship between pollution information disclosure and human capital will be established when the pollution information disclosure index hits 65.6 points.
Dynamics of Built-Up Areas and Loss of Vegetation in Secondary Towns: Case Study of Sarh Town in Chad, Central Africa
Authors: Teadoum Naringué François , Tob-Ro N’Dilbé , Sorsy Melone Like , Aboudou Julien Komivi Sodjinè , Blondel Mgang-yo Asrom , Sing-Non Bourdannet Patouki , Tombar Altolnan Parfait , Hetcheli Follygan
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of the urbanisation of Sarh town in Chad, although less rapid than that of the capital city, has led to a significant loss of vegetation and unsustainable land use. This research aims to analyse the dynamics of land use, focusing on the expansion of built-up areas and the loss of vegetation. The methodology used includes the analysis of Landsat images from 1994, 2003, 2013, and 2022, supplemented by field data, statistical analysis, interviews, and documentary analysis. The results show that the built-up area, estimated at 806 hectares in 1994, reached 2603 hectares in 2022, representing an annual increase of 4.1%. Moreover, the area of vegetation decreased from 759 hectares to 231 hectares, a reduction of 69%. In addition, there is a strong negative correlation (r = −0.93) between the expansion of built-up areas and the loss of vegetation. On average, the annual growth of built-up areas (4.1%) exceeds that of the population (3.33%). Field surveys reveal that this situation is due to a preference for more spacious housing, inadequate land management, and the limited resources for vegetation rehabilitation. This research highlights the critical need for effective urban planning and management strategies to address the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation in secondary towns like Sarh.
The Physics Section in Symmetry
Authors: Ruiz-Jimeno Alberto
Published: January 2025

Scientific research, in the era of new technologies and globalization, is becoming a science industry, meaning it increasingly requires interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity to achieve its goals of scientific progress, with this also being a requirement for its application to the well-being of society [...]
RETRACTED: Di Paola et al. Combined Effects of Potassium Perchlorate and a Neonicotinoid on Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio). Toxics 2022, 10, 203
Authors: Di Paola Davide , Capparucci Fabiano , Natale Sabrina , Crupi Rosalia , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Spanò Nunziacarla , Gugliandolo Enrico , Peritore Alessio Filippo
Published: January 2025

The journal retracts the article, “Combined Effects of Potassium Perchlorate and a Neonicotinoid on Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio)” [...]
The Geometric Proca–Weyl Field as a Candidate for Dark Matter
Authors: Duarte Mauro , Dahia Fábio , Romero Carlos
Published: January 2025

We consider the Weyl invariant theory of gravity as an alternative approach to the problem of the origin of dark matter. According to this theory, the geometric Weyl 1-form effectively behaves as a Proca field. In this work, our starting point is to consider the existence of a gas of Weyl–Proca particles in a Bose–Einstein condensate and investigate its behavior in a cosmological context. The results obtained show that, for appropriate values of the free parameter of the model, the Weyl field behaves approximately as a dust fluid in the matter-dominated era as expected for a dark matter candidate.
Phylogeographic Characterizations of Recent (2015–2023) Senecavirus A Isolates from Canada
Authors: Hole Kate , Vernygora Oksana , Handel Katherine , Nebroski Michelle , Lung Oliver , Nfon Charles , Babiuk Shawn
Published: January 2025

Senecavirus A (SVA) continues to cause vesicular lesions in swine in Canada and many regions worldwide. Since the vesicular lesions caused by SVA are similar to those caused by foot and mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, a foreign animal disease investigation must be initiated to rule out these diseases. SVA isolates from pigs displaying vesicular lesions in Canada from 2015 to 2023 were sequenced, and phylogeographic analysis was performed using the complete genome sequences. The results infer that SVA has spread between the United States and Canada several times. In addition, the results suggest that SVA spreads from different regions. SVA spread was inferred from Canada into Thailand, India and Mexico and inferred from the United States to Brazil, Columbia, Chile and China with ten separate introductions. Furthermore, recombination was observed in SVA genomes from Canada, the United States and China.
COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Data from the SUCCEED (Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines in Systemic Autoimmune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases) Study
Authors: Tan Jeremiah , Bernatsky Sasha , Lee Jennifer L. F. , Fortin Paul R. , Dayam Roya M. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Colmegna Ines , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Berger Claudie , Chan Dora , Larché Maggie J. , Richards Dawn P. , Gonzalez Arreola Lourdes , Hitchon Carol A. , Lalonde Nadine , Aviña-Zubieta J. Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background: The Safety and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines in Systemic Autoimmune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (SUCCEED) study was created to better understand COVID-19 vaccination in immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). Knowing the frequency of COVID-19 breakthrough infections is important, particularly in IMID. Our objective was to assess these events in IMID. Methods: We prospectively studied IMID participants who had received ≥three COVID-19 vaccine doses. Individuals provided saliva samples monthly (September 2022 to August 2023). These were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. We also assessed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (anti-spike, SmT1, receptor binding domain, RBD, and nucleocapsid, NP) based on dried blood spots. Multivariable general estimating equation regression produced odd ratios (OR) for PCR SARS-CoV-2 positivity, related to demographics, immunosuppressives, and antibody levels. Results: Diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis RA (N = 161, 44% of the total), systemic lupus, psoriatic arthritis, spondylarthritis, vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Of the 366 participants, most were taking immunosuppressive medication. Of 1266 saliva samples, 56 (5.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on PCR. Higher anti-SmT1 antibodies were inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 detection on PCR (adjusted OR 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.97). Antibodies to SmT1, RBD, and NP were correlated and thus could not be included in a single model, but when anti-RBD was used in place of anti-SmT1, the results were similar. No other factor (including prior COVID-19 infection) was clearly associated with SARS-CoV-2 detection. Conclusions: This is the first study of SARS-CoV-2 in a large prospective cohort of triple (or more) vaccinated individuals with IMIDs. Anti-SmT1 antibodies appeared to be protective against later SARS-CoV-2 positivity, although recent past infection was not clearly related. This suggests the importance of maintaining robust vaccine-induced immunity through vaccination in IMID.
Mechanistic Insights into the Therapeutic Efficacy of Qi Ling Gui Fu Prescription in Broiler Ascites Syndrome: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Study
Authors: Kang Jie , Deng Ruiqiang , Wang Keyao , Wang Huimin , Han Yufeng , Duan Zhibian
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the therapeutic potential of Qi Ling Gui Fu Prescription (QLGFP) in broiler ascites syndrome (AS) by investigating its impact on the phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle. Utilizing network pharmacology, we identified 267 active ingredients and 120 core targets of QLGFP, revealing its multifaceted mechanism of action. Gene enrichment analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of Toll-like receptor, FoxO, and MAPK signaling pathways in QLGFP’s therapeutic effects. Experimental validation in a broiler AS model demonstrated that QLGFP regulated the expression of key markers (SM-22α, OPN, and KLF4) associated with the phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle (PASMC). Clinical improvements were evident, with a significant reduction in ascites cardiac index (AHI). Furthermore, QLGFP suppressed the protein expression of MAPK1 (ERK1), p-MAPK1, MAPK9 (JNK2), p-MAPK9, MA3.PK14 (P38α), and p-MAPK14, along with downstream factors AP1 and ATF4. These findings suggest that QLGFP effectively prevents and treats AS in broilers by modulating the MAPKs-AP1/ATF4 pathway, thereby inhibiting the phenotypic transformation and proliferation of PASMCs. This study contributes a theoretical foundation for understanding the role of QLGFP in the prevention and treatment of AS in broilers.