bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet-Related Psychological Issues in Adolescents: Diagnosis and Coping Strategies
Authors: Regush Lyudmila , Alexeyeva Elena , Veretina Olga , Orlova Anna , Pezhemskaya Yulia
Published: January 2024

The article summarizes the study findings, which led to the creation and standardization of the Adolescent Psychological Problems in Real and Virtual Environment Methodology. The empirical data collected throughout the study define the level of concern among modern teenagers, particularly that related to the online world. The authors also developed and standardized the Internet Immersion Index Methodology, identified relationships between the level of concern and the immersion index, and devised strategies for coping with Internet addiction. The results were gathered on a sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 between 2020 and 2022. The sample inclu­ded 1,157 teenagers from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The techniques are theore­tically founded, reflecting the authors’ view of the nature of this psychological problem, which they term as an emotion reflective approach. They also provide a theoretical rationale for the phenomenon of Internet immersion, which aided in the development of the aforementioned technique.
¿Qué tan Clásicos son los Neoclásicos?
Authors: Rogríguez Núñez Juan Bautista , Núñez Flores Víctor Antonio
Published: January 2024

El artículo explora las diferencias y similitudes entre las Escuelas Clásica y Neoclásica en la economía, abordando los cambios metodológicos y visiones que la Escuela Neoclásica trajo, y examinando cómo estos dos enfoques se conectan y divergen. Aunque sus nombres pueden sugerir una continuidad, la Escuela Neoclásica representa más un quiebre que una continuación de la Escuela Clásica, con una serie de cambios en cómo se analizaba y entendía la economía. A pesar de esto, se identifican algunos puntos en común, como el uso del método deductivo abstracto y la defensa de la no intervención del estado.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Foeniculum Vulgare Seed Extract and Evaluation of their Biological Activities
Authors: Saleem Momal , Noor Sadaf , Naqvi Syed Tahira Qousain , Muhammad Syed Aun
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Copper nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to their multifarious properties and use in medicine, industry, and research. An extract of Foeniculum vulgare seed is used to green synthesize copper nanoparticles. The produced NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray Diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The absorption spectra at 570nm indicated the reduction of copper metal and the effective production of CuNPs. Its absorbance peak at 3345.3cm-1 and 1638.2cm-1 shows the existence of the N-H group and C=C stretching, as well as secondary amines (-NH-). CuNPs with a size range of 84-140nm were found to be spherical in SEM at 50kX magnification. XRD micrograph revealed a face-centered cubic structure with 19.97nm crystalline size. CuNPs showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Salmonella enterica ATCC14028, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, with ZOI ranging from 22 to 39mm. The results of the DPPH assay showed that CuNPs exhibit promising antioxidant properties, with an IC50 of 14.372 µg/ml. CuNPs had IC50 values of 4.341µg/ml for alpha-amylase and 3.37µg/ml for alpha-glucosidase, respectively. The IC50 of CuNPs from fennel seed extract was 4.1µg/ml, showing that CuNPs have anti-hyperlipidemic potential and can be utilized to treat hyperglycemia. This study found that green-synthesized CuNPs have numerous therapeutic applications in the medical and biotechnological domains.
The Revival of the “Glorious Past” In the Republic of Korea under Park Chung Hee
Authors: Kurmyzov Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2024

The study examines the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) history politics under Park Chung Hee rule (1961-1979). The author argues that it’s possible to identify two stages of the development of policy toward Korea’s national heritage: 1) the early stage (1961 to mid 1960s), during which the government of the ROK managed to create the legal basis of the state policy on the protection of cultural heritage and the Office of Cultural Properties and 2) the late stage (the late 1960’s to 1979), when the regime carried out large-scale propaganda of Korean traditional culture. The article covers such problems as historical views of Park Chung Hee, restoration of Korean places of military glory, measures to perpetuate the memory of Korean outstanding historical figures - admiral Yi Sun-sin and king Sejong the Great, glorification of the ancient Korean kingdom Silla, promotion of Confucian values. The author concludes that President Park Chung Hee sought to strengthen the national consciousness of South Koreans in order to mobilize them to implement national tasks and unite the population around the authorities. The main emphasis was placed on the heroic pages of the military history of Korea and the history of Silla, the first unified Korean state. In the 1970s, the state actively promoted Confucian values to ensure the loyalty of the population to the authoritarian regime of Park Chung Hee. Despite the democratization of the Republic of Korea since 1987, Park Chung Hee’s cultural policy has played a significant role in shaping the historical identity of modern South Koreans. The research is based on Park Chung Hee’s works, ROK’s official documents and materials of South Korean researchers.
The Causes of the Sino-Soviet Split: Russian and Western Scholarship Perspectives
Authors: Karneev Andrey N. , Kozylov Ilya S.
Published: January 2024

The deterioration of political and ideological ties between China and the Soviet Union, known as the Sino-Soviet split, is considered a pivotal moment in Cold War history. Extensive scholarly study has been conducted over the past few decades to uncover its causes, but researchers have yet to reach a consensus. This study explores the views of Russian and Western academics regarding the origins of the communist superpowers’ split, with an emphasis on the part played by ideological, geopolitical, and subjective factors. The research findings indicate that the breakdown of their relationship cannot be attributed to a singular cause; rather, a multitude of factors, such as ideological differences, geopolitical interests, and interpersonal dynamics, interacted in a complex manner. Authors from both Russia and the West offer insightful accounts of the causes of the conflict. By working in concert, their differing perspectives create a thorough, inclusive and reliable narrative of how the division came about. In light of ongoing tensions between the US, China and Russia, a comprehensive understanding of the causes of the Sino-Soviet split provides valuable insights into the current state of international politics.
Transplantation and adaptation of the Soviet economic model in North Korea, 1945-1960
Authors: Matveeva Natalia Igorevna
Published: January 2024

The North Korean development model holds distinct similarities to the Soviet model. The Soviet Union’s experience and example played a key role in the initial nation-building in North Korea. However, as this study aims to argue, in the certain areas such as the economy, the transfer of the Soviet model to the Korean soil was often done against the direct Soviet advice. This study based on analysis of primary sources including declassified archival materials traces the entrenchment in North Korea in the 1940s-1950s of the key elements of the “classic” Soviet economic model such as directive centralized economic planning, nationalization, industrialization and prioritized heavy industry development and collectivized agriculture. Such research contributes to the better understanding of the economic and political processes in North Korea in the first post-liberation decades, of its economic system and relations with key political and economic allies in the Cold War.
Sino-Russian military relations in People’s Daily in 2014-2022
Authors: Archugova Anna S. , Ponomarenko Liudmila V.
Published: January 2024

The significance of the topic under study is due to substantial advancements in Sino-Russian military cooperation amid the 2014 Ukrainian crisis and Russia’s deteriorating relations with the West. After the USSR collapse, Sino-Russian military relations and cooperation have significantly expanded through further development of form and content. Sino-Russian military diplomacy is playing an important part in comprehensive strategic partnership and coordination in the international arena. Since the onset of crisis in Ukraine in 2014, a confrontation have escalated between Russia and many Western countries, which indirectly prompted Russia’s pivot to Asia. In this context, military cooperation between China and Russia is getting increasingly closer. The purpose of this study is to clarify the state and prospects of Sino-Russian relations in the sphere of military diplomacy in the period between 2014 to 2022, as reflected on the pages the People`s Daily newspaper. A general analysis of the articles made it possible to identify major areas of cooperation and principal features of interaction in this sphere.
Burial complexes of the Catacomb culture: To the 20th anniversary of the work of the Steppe Archaeological Expedition of State Historical Museum in Remontnensky district in Rostov region
Authors: Shishlina Natalia Ivanovna , Panasyuk Natalya Viktorovna
Published: January 2024

The study discusses the results of the excavations and the studies of the burial complexes of two local variants of the catacomb culture of the Middle Bronze Age of the Northwestern Caspian Sea region in the Remontnoye district (Rostov oblast). Being based on a comparative analysis, the author argues the validity of the allocation of local variants of catacomb culture - Eastern and Western that were adjacent to each other and entered into cultural contact. It is manifested in the use of similar tools, weapons, jewelry and dishes decorated in the same style but with the allocation of the local features of production technology figuration. According to the author, these features are the hallmark for determining the cultural identity of the burials of the Manych catacomb cultures.
Challenges of generative artificial intelligence for the higher education system
Authors: Kapterev Andrey I.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement . The theoretical and technological challenges of using generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the higher education system of the Russian Federation are briefly discussed. Methodology. System-structural and system-activity approaches are used. Content analysis and thematic monitoring of generative АI technologies were carried out, its constructive, cognitive and pedagogical features were revealed. Results. The features of generative AI are analyzed. The digital transformation of education is shown through a rethinking of the key roles of teachers in the digital era in the direction of educational engineering and the development of creative competencies of students. A generalized description of the challenges of generative AI in relation to universities is given. Several possible ways of identifying and neutralizing the use of generative AI by students in the implementation of practical tasks are suggested. The ways of solving the problems of using generative AI for universities are substantiated: a) cloud computing and the use of ready-made models; b) cooperation with industry experts; c) the use of interdisciplinary approaches; d) encouraging experimentation, creativity and team building; e) providing ongoing support and mentoring; f) solving ethical problems of using generative AI in higher education. Conclusion. It is proved that the paradigm of “educational engineering”, including the use of generative AI, focuses on the development of creative design and design competencies of students and teachers.
Moodle calculated questions as a means of testing knowledge and skills
Authors: Stepanov Aleksandr G. , Kosmachev Valentin M. , Moskaleva Olga I.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement. Fraud in the conduct of computer testing is a significant risk factor for incorrect assessment of learning outcomes. Modern technical means (smartphones, smart watches, etc.) allow test-takers to freely use the database of correct answers to the test tasks created during the preparation for the exam or purchased on the side of the database during the control. This circumstance reduces the reliability of computer testing. Methodology. Among the types of testing questions offered by Moodle, calculated tasks with the ability to program the correct answer and random number generators for generating initial data stand out. Such tasks, while maintaining the meaning, allow you to create an almost unlimited number of options for initial data and correct answers. The numerical answer entered from the keyboard is compared with the calculated correct value and a decision is made on the assessment. The capabilities of the built-in programming language of the correct answer, in particular, are limited by the absence of a conditional operator, which narrows the range of possible tasks to be solved. Results. The authors, using the declarative principle of programming, proposed sequences of statements in the built-in programming language of the Moodle computed question that implement the traditional if statement. The proposed method allows you to expand the capabilities of the programming language built into the question, but does not make it universal due to the lack of loop operators. Another type of Moodle test item, “Formulas”, is mentioned. Known methods of its programming provide even more opportunities for creating task options. The results of the experiment are presented. Conclusion. The use of calculated tasks with random input data will reduce the number of cases of fraud during computer testing and will allow, in some cases, to test not only knowledge, but also skills.
Prospects of integration of virtual assistants in the process of teaching speaking to the beginner learners of the Japanese language
Authors: Marfina Victoria E.
Published: January 2024

Problem statement . Most Japanese textbooks and methodical materials do not contain enough exercises for training productive skills of the students. Japanese Language Proficiency Test also does not include parts dedicated to writing and speaking abilities, which leads to teachers not paying attention to the development of these skills and students not being able to properly evaluate their level of performance. As a method of simplifying and making this training more engaging and motivating, virtual assistants, or intelligent personal assistants (IPA), can be introduced. The purposes of this research are to explore the ways of using the technology of virtual assistants to reenforce speaking performance of the beginner students in Japanese as a foreign language and to evaluate the technology’s readiness for integration. Methodology . In a pedagogical experiment took part 12 first-year students (10 female and 2 male), who attended a Japanese language class at the School of Young Philologist at the Faculty of Philology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, where they used Google Assistant for studying Japanese from December 2021 to April 2022 and then in September 2022. The analysis of theory and methodology, generalization of crucial scientific papers on the studied problem, processing of results were applied. Results. Personal assistant Google Assistant can be advised for training speaking among beginner learners. It can be applied in the form of four main types of exercises: asking for data, giving instructions to IPA, express desires (“wishlist”), conducting a dialog with a robot. Issues that can cause difficulties to students were listed. The results of the questionnaire revealed that students were grateful to have an opportunity to train speaking with a Japanese native speaker in a form of a virtual assistant and could easier track their progress. Conclusion. The use of the Google Assistant in the process of teaching speaking to the beginner learners of the Japanese language at the initial level is seen as highly promising and can be recommended for implementation in the educational process.
Activities of the Guardianships of National Sobriety in the Urals in Late XIX - Early XХ Century: Regional Experience in the Anti-Alcohol Struggle
Authors: Kazakova-Apkarimova Elena Yu.
Published: January 2024

The author reconstructs the regional historical experience of the anti-alcohol struggle in pre-revolutionary Russia. There is emphasized important practical significance of the problem under study in the context of solving problems of promoting a healthy lifestyle in modern Russian society. A wide range of historiographical literature and sources is involved, on the basis of which it is shown that by the beginning of the XX century in the work of the Ural guardianships of national sobriety there dominated the cultural and educational trend. The author comes to the conclusion that in late XIX - early XX centuries the guardianships of national sobriety failed to stop the spread of drunkenness in the region. However, despite the limited material resources allocated from the treasury, these institutions made a significant contribution to the organization of “reasonable” leisure for the Ural residents and to the development of the culture of the Ural society as a whole. The social support of guardianships of national sobriety in the Urals was one of the prerequisites for strengthening the temperance movement in the region during the period under review. Under the harsh conditions of the state-owned wine monopoly, the temperance movement was the spiritual and mental response of the public (secular and church) to the challenges of the time, and the promotion of the idea of sobriety was a palliative means of resolving this issue.
Industrial Development of the National Republics of the Volga-Vyatka Region during the Implementation of the Reform of Industry and Construction Management in 1957-1965
Authors: Mineev Aleksey I.
Published: January 2024

The author describes the results of the industrial development of the industry of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region (Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) during the implementation of the Sovnarkhoz reform (1957-1965), when instead of the sectoral principle of industrial and construction management, a model of territorial administration represented by the councils of the national economy operated. It is shown that the reform carried out contributed to the intensification of industrial construction in the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region: the existing industrial enterprises expanded and modernized, new factories and factories were put into operation, the structure of industry changed in favor of more knowledge-intensive industries, rationalization developed, labor productivity increased. The growth rate of industry in the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the seven-year period exceeded the average Russian indicators. One of the factors that contributed to the rapid industrial development of the republics at the turn of the 1950s - 1960s was the course of the Soviet government to equalize the socio-economic conditions of various national regions of the country by modernizing their industrial potential. It was concluded that the reform of territorial administration became a powerful impulse to accelerate the development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region. By the beginning of the administrative reform, all three republics were territories with the predominant development of agriculture, but in the 1960s they turned into industrial-agrarian republics. The increase in the level of industrial development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region was accompanied by an increase in the level of urbanization, the creation of new educational and scientific institutions, and an increase in the scale of housing construction.
Hungarian Volunteer Anti-Fascist Armed Groups during the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Kondratenko Sergey Yu.
Published: January 2024

Using the example of the history of Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups created during the Great Patriotic War, the author identifies the factors that became decisive in the formation of a “foreign” military unit. The source base used in the research includes both published and unpublished documents from three federal archives - the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Military Archive, and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The creation of Hungarian military units was complicated by the lack of an organized anti-fascist movement among prisoners of war, who for the most part remained loyal to the regime of Miklós Horthy. The changes in the domestic and foreign political situation of Hungary in 1944 contributed to the development of the volunteer movement and the beginning of the process of forming Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups. The author comes to the conclusion that the decisive factors that influenced the formation of the Hungarian volunteer units were the external ones. They contributed to the growth of anti-fascist and anti-German sentiment among prisoners of war, which led to a change in the attitude of the Hungarians to the idea of creating volunteer units; it allowed the Soviet command to begin their deployment at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.
Situation of Religious Communities in the USSR National Autonomies in 1985-1991: The Case of the Khakass Autonomous Region
Authors: Dashkovskiy Petr K. , Goncharova Natalia S.
Published: January 2024

The authors consider the situation of religious communities in the Khakass Autonomous Region in the context of the state-religious policy of the USSR during the period of perestroika in 1985-1991. The study was carried out on the basis of the records of state Soviet, party institutions and religious associations stored in the National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia and the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as regulatory documents. In the course of the research it was established that in Khakassia, as well as throughout the country, from 1985 religious life was intensified. At the same time, the Commissioners of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Krasnoyarsk Territory characterized the religious situation in Khakassia as turbulent from the 1960s and asked for a dedicated post for this national autonomy. It was found that the largest part of the religious communities in the region belonged to different trends of Protestantism, although there were also followers of Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Islam. In Protestant communities there was an increase in missionary work, and in some cases they wanted to avoid contacts with authorities. The liberalization of the state policy was not always adequately reflected in the actions of the authorities of the Khakass Autonomous Region. There was found relationship between ethnic and religious processes. It was noted that Khakassians tended towards Pentecostalism and Jehovah's Witnesses; representatives of German and Polish nationalities tended towards the communities of Catholics, Lutherans, and Seventh-day Adventists. In addition, in the region there was recorded an increase in the preaching activities of religious leaders from Sweden and the United States.
Macrophage population state and proliferative activity of spleen cells under liver regeneration conditions
Authors: Mamedov Aiaz T. , Gantsova Elena A. , Kiseleva Viktoria V. , Lokhonina Anastasia V. , Makarov Andrey V. , Turygina Svetlana A. , Bicherova Irina A. , Arutyunyan Irina V. , Vishnyakova Polina A. , Elchaninov Andrey V. , Fatkhudinov Timur Kh.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Currently, the participation of immune system cells in the regulation of reparative processes is attracting more and more attention of researchers. There is an anatomical connection between the liver and spleen by means of portal vein. Thus, cytokines and other biologically active substances can enter the liver from the spleen through the portal vein, as well as cells can migrate to the liver. However, the specific mechanisms of mutual influence of the mentioned organs, including in reparative processes, remain poorly studied. The aim of our work was to study the state of spleen monocyte-macrophage population after liver resection, as well as the proliferative activity of spleen cells during liver regeneration . Materials and Methods . The model of liver regeneration after 70 % resection in mouse was reproduced in this work. The animals were taken out of the experiment after 1, 3 and 7 days. The marker of cell proliferation Ki67 was immunohistochemically detected, the state of spleen monocyte-macrophage population was evaluated by markers CD68, CD115, CD206, F4/80 by methods of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results and Discussion . The liver regeneration had a pronounced effect on the cytoarchitectonics of the spleen. In 1 day after liver resection in the spleen there was observed a decrease in the share of Ki67+cells, according to the flow cytometry data there was a decrease in the number of CD115+cells, in 3 and 7 days there was a decrease in the number of F4/80+ macrophages. Conclusion . Liver resection causes changes in the state of cell populations of the spleen as well. First of all, to the decrease in the activity of proliferative processes in it, as well as to the changes in the state of the monocyte-macrophage system. A decrease in the content of CD115+ and F4/80+ cells in the spleen was found, which indirectly indicates the migration of monocytes/macrophages after liver resection, which can also influence the course of reparative processes in the liver.
Parameters and indicators selection of clinical centers in predicting the patients enrollment for clinical trials
Authors: Milovanov Svyatoslav S.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Recruitment of patients and its compliance with the clinical trial protocol is one of the main goals of conducting a feasibility study before starting any clinical trial. Study feasibility is a must before starting any international multicentre clinical trial, and one of the main goals of feasibility is to find clinical centers with a suitable pool of patients for their subsequent selection and prediction of patient recruitment according to protocol requirements. Well-conducted fitness is clinical centers that recruit eligible patients in compliance with the protocol framework and the recruitment numbers proposed by the centers. After conducting fability, the patient recruitment prediction coincides with the protocol patient recruitment prediction. However, more than half of international multicenter clinical trials fail due to unsuccessful patient recruitment. A widely used method in the study of feasibility is a questionnaire and the reasons for subsequent failures in a clinical trial can be both an underestimation of the information provided in the questionnaires, and the lack of appropriate parameters and indicators, and, as a result, the selection of inappropriate clinical centers. Exposure to the subjectivity of opinion in the selection of sites also leads to poor selection of sites and, therefore, relevance in an objective and independent assessment remains. The aim of the study was to analyze the set of patients in selected clinical trials, identify set-related parameters and measures, and find a statistically significant relationship with a successful set of analyzed parameters and measures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 4 international multicenter clinical trials of II-III phases was carried out for the recruitment of patients. The selection criterion is a successful recruitment of patients. Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, correlation analysis. Results and Discussion. Parameters and indicators were found that showed a strong statistical correlation with successful recruitment of patients in clinical centers. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need to expand the use of parameters and the ratio of parameters: instead of indicators of one parameter - the expected set of patients before inclusion in the mandatory assessment of sites is a calculated parameter, it is also necessary to additionally take into account the following parameters: type of site and initial response time in days. Conclusions. Using the proposed parameters and metrics will reduce the likelihood of failure in patient recruitment. These parameters will make it possible to evaluate clinical centers with a prediction of the number of patients and to select more qualitative clinical centers.
Phenomenology of Childhood in Modern Contexts
Authors: Veraksa Aleksander N. , Kurilenko Viktoria B. , Novikova Irina A.
Published: January 2024

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Playing with a Doll Family: Key Characteristics of Junior Preschoolers’ Play Behaviour
Authors: Sukhikh Vera L. , Veresov Nikolai N. , Gavrilova Margarita N.
Published: January 2024

The age of 3-4 years is the initial stage in the development of pretend play, or play involving an imaginary situation. In this process, the leading role belongs to dramatic play with toys, the importance of which for children’s development cannot be underestimated. The qualitative analysis of children’s play presented in this research forms part of a large study aimed at identifying the features of children’s play and the toy preferences throughout the entire preschool age. Ten 3-4-year-old children during five play sessions were asked to play a story with a doll family. Before and after the play sessions, all children were tested to assess the level of development of executive functions, imagination, and the type of attachment was determined for each child using a survey of teachers and mothers. The video recordings of the play sessions were then analyzed. The purpose of the analysis was to identify the characteristics of 3-4-year-old children’s play behavior and to explore the relationship of the play features with the indicators of individual development. The experimental setting with a series of play sessions also made it possible to assess the dynamics in play development for each child. To evaluate the play, the following indicators were used: the theme and content of play, spatial substitution, the extent of elaborateness and stability of the play idea, the level of play actions with a toy, and the elaborateness of role-play interactions. The results showed that the level of development of free play involving an imaginary situation for 3-4-year-old children could be defined as generally low, regardless of the level of individual development indicators. A comparison of the first and the fifth play sessions did not reveal any positive dynamics in the level of play development. These results indicate the important role of adult participation in the support and development of children’s play. They can form the basis for the practical recommendations for teachers and parents how to scaffold the playing process of 3-4 years old children.
Medical and Socio-Pedagogical Risks of Primary School Children Using Digital Devices: An Empirical Study
Authors: Kurgansky Alexander M. , Guryanova Marina P. , Khramtsov Petr I.
Published: January 2024

The study considers the medical and socio-pedagogical risks of primary school children using digital devices and social networks, based on the results of a medical and social study, the purpose of which was to assess and systematize these risks. The digital devices, the Internet and activities on social networks have become an integral part of the lives of modern children. However, their use can negatively affect the neuropsychic status of the child and lead to problems with vision and the musculoskeletal system. For this reason, parental control over the use of gadgets and social networks that is safe for children’s health is very important. The methodological basis of the research was social pedagogy, which explores the processes of interaction of a growing person with various objects of society in the main spheres of his/her life: family, educational and social, performing an integrating function in the study of current social problems of children, families and society by various scientific disciplines. A complex of research methods was used, with the main one being a questionnaire survey of parents with children of primary school age and living in the Borovsky district of the Kaluga region (the research base of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation). It was found that watching videos is a risk of increased irritability, computer games, searching for information on the Internet, uncontrolled use of digital media - a risk of visual impairment, using social networks - complaints for communication difficulties. More than 50% of parents need help from specialists in improving digital literacy and using digital devices safely for children’s health.
A Group Level Analysis of Self-evaluations Associated with Cognitive Load
Authors: Kouzalis Alexios
Published: January 2024

Self-evaluation, or self-rating, is the process by which people evaluate themselves with the purpose of improving several aspects of their personalities or skills and it is closely related to the cognitive function of metacognition. The purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of implication of various brain areas to meta-cognition as it relates to subjective ratings of cognitive effort when performing mathematical problems of different complexity. To achieve this, participants were recruited to solve mathematical problems (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) in three levels of difficulty, while inside an fMRI scanner. After solving a given task, they were asked to evaluate the amount of effort they spent to solve it. Brain signal was collected during their answers, which was then analyzed with the aid of computer software. Results of the analysis show that increases in task difficulty activate the frontal lobe, cingulate and insular cortex areas. The parietal lobule, the precuneus and the cingulate gyrus were found to be active as well as during all four mathematical operations.
Social Competence of Adolescents: The Role of Social Cognition and Behavior Control
Authors: Vilenskaya Galina A. , Lebedeva Evgenia I. , Ulanova Anna Yu.
Published: January 2024

Social competence during adolescence plays a crucial role in socialization and psychological well-being. Available data suggest that social cognition (theory of mind, ToM) and self-regulation (behavioral control) abilities make a significant contribution to social competence at a young age, but research on their role in adolescence is still limited. The purpose of the research is to study the role of behavior control and ToM in the social competence of adolescents. The study involved 106 6-8-grade students (girls - 51), aged 12-15 years ( Me = 13, SD = 0.87). The BRIEF questionnaire was used to assess their behavior control; ToM was assessed using tasks for understanding high-order false beliefs. For external assessment of the social competence of the participants, a questionnaire for teachers and a sociometric method were used. The groups of the adolescents, divided by the median criterion, were compared using the overall BRIEF regulation index and the total score for false-belief understanding. The most salient differences in the teachers’ and peers’ assessments of the social competence were found between the contrasting groups of the participants, i.e., with high levels of ToM and behavior control and with low levels of these abilities. At the same time, differences in the teachers’ assessments were observed for both positive and negative assessments but, in sociometric indices, only for negative ones. The teachers considered the adolescents with high levels of behavior control to be more socially competent, regardless of their level of social cognition. For the peers, the level of behavioral control mattered only when the ability to assess the mental states of other people was weak. The results of our study show the importance of the role of social cognition and behavioral control in the implementation of socially competent behavior in adolescents. At the same time, the data obtained indicate the heterogeneity of the contribution of these abilities to the social competence of adolescents assessed by peers and teachers.
The Lack of Consciousness of the Presence of the Other in Contemporary Society in the Era of Mass Digitalization
Authors: Miliatzidou Alexandra  Anastasia
Published: January 2024

This study discusses how the substantial development of technology, especially of social media platforms, in the past decades has altered the conditions that determine human relationships radically. It provides an overview of how emerging technologies have affected interpersonal human relationships by creating a new environment in which communication takes place, which could be exclusively virtual in the future. Then, it touches on the Levinasian theory regarding the self and its constant consciousness of the Other and aims to explore how Levinas’s theory relates to modern society. It highlights the process of how each person strives to find the Other during his/her existence but is often unable to do that and how, in this process, contact with the Other is essential. It is explained that Levinas stresses the importance of meeting with the Other but indicates that we often fail to do so and end up meeting with the Third, an unoriginal form of the Other. Lastly, it is hypothesized that the inability to find the Other in the modern world can be linked to the development of digitalization because new media are often responsible for creating distance in human relationships and, therefore, cannot be the sole medium of creating relationships with others as face-to-face communication and meeting the other are essential components of developing a meaningful relationship with them.
“Common Denominator” in Solving Multi-Factory Problems by Intelligent Systems
Authors: Adzhemov Artem S. , Denisova Alla B.
Published: January 2024

The most important property, a distinctive feature of any intelligent system, is its decision-making ability. In this case, the more complex the problem to be solved, the more and more diverse the initial data, and the more critical it is that the decision to be made was comprehensively considered and evaluated. In many cases, simultaneously arriving various initial data, if considered separately, and decisions based on such consideration lead to completely different results, often contradicting each other. Therefore, in the process of development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), it is especially important to investigate the “mechanism” of decision-making in conditions of the inconsistency of incoming initial data and the need to establish some generalizing rule, according to which it is possible to find a harmonizing solution taking into account various influencing factors. It is evident that when establishing the rules of decision-making, it is necessary to strive for a “positive” result from the point of view of the problem being solved. This undoubtedly requires analyzing the consequences of the decision made in a set time scale, which can be provided by appropriate feedback that will allow us to make the necessary corrective actions. Artificial intelligence in modern forms of practical realization has, as a rule, a digital embodiment. It should be taken into account that the digital representation of data inevitably shows an inaccurate display of initial values when processes of a continuous nature are considered and analyzed. Since a digital model has certain limitations and characteristic properties when analyzing and processing initial data, it is logical to assume that for this reason, there can be some general approach, some general rule, according to which a decision is made in the conditions of diverse initial data and the need to take into account the relevant consequences after the decision is made. This paper attempts to find a decision-making mechanism, harmonizing it according to the incoming external and available internal input data.
Philosophical and Methodological Problems of Modern Neurotheology
Authors: Lagunov Aleksey A. , Ivanova Svetlana Yu.
Published: January 2024

In modern science, research aimed at studying the functioning of the human brain under the influence of various factors of the social and natural environment, including religious practices, both personal and social, is relevant. The purpose of the research is to consider the current state of neurotheology as a new field of knowledge and to analyze the possibilities of its interaction with already existing social and humanitarian disciplines; review, analytical and critical publications of Russian and foreign scientists are used as material for the study. Attention is drawn to the philosophical and methodological problems that neurotheology needs to be resolved in order to determine its place in the modern cognitive space as its organic component. First of all, according to the authors of the article, representatives of this science need to enrich the formed empirical basis with theoretical generalizations, for which it is necessary to implement the principle of interdisciplinarity declared by them and involve specialists from various fields of humanities in the common work. In the hypotheses put forward by neurotheologists, the question of the ontological existence of objects of religious experience is recognized as epistemologically insoluble, however, when constructing a philosophical and worldview concept, it is impossible to limit oneself to such statements; It is noted that the idea developed in neurotheology about the genetic translation of the qualities of the “brain/consciousness” in the process of “cognitive evolution” of mankind returns us to the social deterministic and mechanistic views overcome by modern science. The hope is expressed that neurotheology, having overcome the emerging philosophical and methodological difficulties, will play an important role in the development of Russian science.
The Problematic Area of Philosophical Discourses on the Application of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Society
Authors: Tsvyk Vladimir A. , Tsvyk Irina V. , Pavlova Tatiana P.
Published: January 2024

The study relevance lies in understanding strategic objectives' content concerning intelligent technologies’ application. The development and application of artificial intelligence in various branches of human activity carry the potential for global changes in society, which, in methodological terms, increases the relevance of considering these problems. The study of ethical problems of artificial intelligence in the concept of sustainable development of society is connected with the dynamic development of innovative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, which are considered a process of becoming a new technosubject in the context of neuroscience development. The article emphasizes that the development of artificial intelligence acts as an innovative form of technology development when a new kind of human-machine technosubject is formed. The authors identify social problems of artificial intelligence application as the digitalization of life becomes a global anthropological challenge. Innovations of artificial intelligence are directly related to a number of ethical problems, as they contribute not only to the sustainable development of society but also cause dehumanization of relations between people and society. Based on the analysis of qualitative changes in scientific and technological research, using human-machine devices is becoming inevitable. Humankind must develop ethical guidelines for the application of AI systems.
The Influence of Neurosciences on Understanding the Bodily Conditioning of Cognitive Processes: a Socio-Anthropological Aspect
Authors: Chapny Ηelen V.
Published: January 2024

The study presents a conceptual analysis of the main approaches to the study of the human brain and consciousness from the standpoint of modern domestic and foreign neuroscience. Relevant interpretations of such problematic issues and concepts as “the boundary of the human body”, “embodied knowledge”, “general artificial intelligence”, “self”, etc. From the standpoint of a body-oriented approach, the problem of co-evolution of the body, consciousness, technology and social environment is considered. The idea of the body as an artifact is updated in the context of technological change in human nature, which entails the elimination of the living human body. On the example of the Homeric epic, it is shown that attempts to overcome vulnerability demonstrate one of the fundamental human needs. The realization of the need to expand and push the boundaries of the body in the anthropotechnological environment is presented in the form of a cyborg. It is suggested that, in terms of content, the idea of the “embodied mind”, as well as the project of creating a Hybrid reality and pan-communication, stem from the immanent human need for bodily involvement in the surrounding world. The features of the creation of Artificial Intelligence and Artificial General Intelligence at the present stage are revealed. The expediency of studying the results of neuroscientific comprehension of the organization of mental processes, first of all, in the field of visualization of brain processes and the mapping method, is noted. The main modern projects for the study of the brain, as well as the most effective methods for obtaining data on brain structures, are considered. The actual results of the research are described in such areas of neuroscience as: the study of mirror neurons and their systems; “reading the brain”, the study of neural correlates of consciousness. The results of studies of representatives of domestic neuroscience are presented. The human “I” is considered as a unique structure of the Ego-system of the brain (“self”). In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the significant influence of modern neuroscience on understanding the features of the functioning of the human brain, consciousness and cognitive processes; the effectiveness of applying the body-oriented approach to comprehending the integrity of “body-consciousness-technologies-social environment” is revealed.