bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allowable Subsurface Flaws Located Near Vessel Surface in JSME Code
Authors: Hasegawa Kunio , Tamako Hiroaki , Miyazaki Katsumasa
Published: March 2009

JSME Code on Fitness-for Service for Nuclear Power Generation Facilities defines
allowable subsurface flaws for Class 1 ferritic vessels in the Acceptance Standard. When detected
subsurface flaws are located near vessel surface, the subsurface flaws are transformed to be surface
flaws for assessment of acceptability in JSME Code. This paper describes inconsistency of the
subsurface flaws transforming to surface flaws and introduces an improvement method for the
subsurface flaws.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Metallic Substrates
Authors: Zou Xiao Ping , Abe H. , Shimizu Toru , Ando A. , Tokumoto H. , Zhu S.M. , Zhou Hao Shen
Published: March 2009

A simple thermal chemical vapor deposition (STCVD) growth technique of multi-walled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is present. Carbon nanotube film was synthesized on the Pt plate
substrates by pyrolysis of ethyl alcohol as carbon source at lower reaction temperature at atmospheric
pressure by using simple apparatus. The as-synthesized MWCNTs were characterized by both
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM). The electrical property of an individual MWCNT was evaluated by I-V measurement. The
electrical resistance of single MWCNT is about 450 k/ in linear region under bias voltage between 2
to 4 V. It can undergo a large current of 6 2A at 4 V
Electrodynamics of Left-Handed Medium
Authors: Efros A.L. , Li C.Y.
Published: March 2009

It is shown that negative electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ recently
discovered in a photonic crystal in the vicinity of the Γ-point are properties of propagating modes
only. The evanescent modes rather decay than increase in the bulk of the crystal though they may be
amplified by surface waves. If surface support such waves, the evanescent waves may improve the
image of a thin Veselago lens. It is shown that a “perfect lens” contradicts to the wave optics and a
criterion of “superlensing” is formulated.
The Size and Temperature Effects of Coercivity for the Magnetic Nanowire: Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Zhong Ke Hua , Zhang Zhi Cheng , Shen Bao Hua , Lin Mei Mei , Feng Qian , Huang Zhi Gao
Published: March 2009

Based on Monte Carlo simulation we study the coercivity of iron nanowire deposited in
chemically widened anodic aluminum oxide films. The coercivity is found to depend on the
diameter and aspect ratio of the nanowire, and it decreases with increasing nanowire diameter,
which is consistent with the experimental result. Two kinds of discretization cells regular
global-shaped and regular cubic-shaped are used as minimum element. The simulation result
reveals that the regular global-shaped discretization cell allows for more accurate calculated result
while comparing to the experimental result than the cubic-shaped discretization cell does. The
simulated coercivity as a function of temperature with different diameters shows that the data can
be described well by the T-c power-law, and the diameter dependence of the exponent c displays a
maximum peak.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of Void Distribution in Nickel Thin Film by Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: He Xiao Dong , Shan Ying Chun , Li Ming Wei
Published: March 2009

2D kinetic Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study the void
distribution of nickel thin film prepared by physical vapor deposition, and embedded
atom method (EAM) was used to represent the interatomic interaction. Packing
density and surface roughness were studied as the functions of deposition rate,
substrate temperature and incident angle. The results reveal the existence of critical
substrate temperature and critical incident angle, and higher substrate temperature,
lower deposition rate and appropriate incident angle are advantaged to prepare the
compact thin film with excellent mechanical properties.
Mesomechanical Strength Model of Nano-Fibers Composite Ceramics
Authors: Liu Xie Quan , Ni Xin Hua , Liu Yun Ting , Han Bao Hong
Published: March 2009

Recent experiment showed that nano-fibers composite ceramics, fabricated through SHS
process, can acquire high toughening and strengthening. Composite ceramics are mainly composed
of fiber eutectic structures with random orientation, in which nanometer sized zirconia fibers are
dispersed within the alumina matrix. First, it can be visualized that tensile force is transmitted from
the matrix to the nano-fiber by means of shear stress that develop along the fiber- matrix interface.
Then the mesomechanical strength model of the fiber eutectic structure is built. The longitudinal
tensile stress of the fiber eutectic structure and shear stress on the surface of the fiber eutectic
structure are obtained. They related to the volume fraction and slenderness ratio of the nano-fibers,
and external strain of the fiber eutectic structure. Then considering random orientation of the fiber
eutectic structure, as composite ceramics is subjected to tensile stress, external strain of the fiber
eutectic structure can be determined. Finally, theoretical expression for the strength prediction of
composite ceramics is gotten.
Effects of Epoxy/SiO2 Hybrid Sizing on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Zhang Chun Hong , Zhang Z.Q. , Cao H.L.
Published: March 2009

A novel epoxy/SiO2 hybrid sizing for carbon fiber surface was prepared through sol-gel
technique, the structure of the sizing were analyzed, and the effects of the sizing on mechanical
properties of carbon fiber composites were also investigated. The analyses by FT-IR and SEM
indicated that epoxy/SiO2 hybrid sizing was prepared successfully, SiO2 particles dispersed in the
hybrid sizing film homogeneously with nanoscale. The analyses on interlaminar shear strength
(ILSS) and impact properties of composites showed that the epoxy/nano-SiO2 hybrid sizing increased
ILSS and improved impact properties obviously at the same time.
Fabrication and Characterization of In-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanodisks
Authors: Liu Juan , Zhang Yue , Qi Jun Jie , Huang Yun Hua , Zhang Xiao Mei
Published: March 2009

In-doped ZnO nanodisks were successfully fabricated by thermal evaporation Zn, In2O3
and graphite powder mixture without catalyst. Morphology, structures and components of ZnO
nanodisks were investigated by SEM, HRTEM, EDS and X-Ray diffraction. ZnO nanodisks have
perfect hexagonal shape, with 1~3μm size and 40~100 nm in thickness. The nanodisks are
single-crystalline ZnO with wurtzite structure and In content of nanodisks reaches 2.2%. The growth
along [0001] is suppressed leading to the formation of ZnO nanodisks. Room temperature
photoluminescence spectra of the nanodisks shows that the UV emission peak blueshifts and
becomes broader after doping.
Synthesis of Phase Controlled TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Guang Hai
Published: March 2009

Synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals directly from the TiO2 micron powders by the
hydrothermal method is reported for the first time. A new route of preparing amorphous TiO2
nanopowders is demonstrated in this paper. The TiO2 nanocrystals phase structure can be controlled
by the subsequent treatment with different concentration HCl solutions. When the amorphous TiO2
nanopowders are treated with 0.2M HCl aqueous solution, a spherical anatase phase nanorystals are
obtained, while treated with 1.0M HCl aqueous solution, a rod-like rutile phase nanocrystals are
formed.
Performance Investigation of a Micropositioning Table
Authors: Tian Yan Ling , Zhang Da Wei , Yan Bing
Published: March 2009

In order to compensate the force induced deformation of the precision grinding, a
piezoelectrically driven micropositioning table is developed to actuate the workpiece for error
compensation. To better understand the performance of the micropositioning table, the deformation
patterns and stiffness distribution of the micropositioning table under normal grinding force are
investigated by computational finite element analysis method. It is noted that the moving part of the
micropositioning table can be considered as rigid body and the maximum static stiffness is located
at the center of the top surface. The experimental tests are carried out to verify the analysis.
Characterization of Nano-Porous Silica-Zirconia Aerogels
Authors: He Xiao Dong , Zhang He Xin , Li Yao , Hong Chang Qing
Published: March 2009

Highly Nano-porous SiO2-ZrO2 aerogels were manufactured with tetraethylorthosilicate
(TEOS) and zirconyl nitrate dihydrate (ZrO(NO3)2
.5H2O) by the sol-gel method followed by
supercritical drying technique. The prepared aerogels are performed by SEM, FT-IR and BET to
characterize and analyze the morphology and pore structure of SiO2-ZrO2 aerogels. The results
showed that:(i) The areogels are the typical of nano pores in the interval between 1<Dp<30 nm; (ii) the
specific surface areas varied from 300 to 620 m2/g with (SBET)MAX = 615.5 m2/g with 35wt% Zirconia
and the surface areas decreased with the increase of zirconia; The thermal conductivity attains 0.015
W/(m.k) ; (iii) a mass of Si-O-Zr bands existed in the aerogels indicating a homogeneous distribution
of the components on the nano scale.
Preparation and Photoelectrochemical Properties of SrTiO3 Thin Films on Nickel Substrate by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Wang G.T. , Tu J.P. , Zhang W.K. , Wang X.L. , Huang H.
Published: March 2009

Well-crystallized nanopolycrystalline thin films of cubic strontium titanate, SrTiO3, have
been prepared on the TiNi-deposited Ni substrate in Sr(OH)2 aqueous solutions at temperatures
between 130 and 200°C under saturated vapor pressures. The microstructure and morphology of the
films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
photoelectrochemical properties of SrTiO3 thin films on TiNi-deposited Ni substrate were
investigated on a three-electrode assembly. The grain sizes increased from 30 nm to 300 nm and the
relative crystal intensity in XRD pattern increased with the reaction temperature. Its photocurrent
increasesdfirst with the grain size, then decreased. When the grain size of the film is about 200 nm,
the photocurrent is highest.
Preparation and Microstructure of Al/Ti3SiC2 Nanocomposite
Authors: Gu Wan Li , Feng Liu
Published: March 2009

An Al-5vol%Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite has been prepared by ball milling technique. Steel
ball, agate ball and zirconia ball were selected during the ball milling process and then the
microstructure evolution of the powder mixture was investigated. The homogenous fine mixed
powder can be obtained with zirconia ball, whereas the conglomeration will be formed in the case
of steel ball and agate ball. The bulk Al/Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite was fabricated by hot pressing
technique. The effects of the particle size and agglomerate state of Ti3SiC2, as well as the
microstructure of Al/Ti3SiC2 nanocomposite were studied by SEM and TEM. It was found that the
nanosized Ti3SiC2 particle could be obtained during the ball milling process and distributed in
aluminium homogenously.
Study on Synthesis of Linear NTC Sensitive Ceramic and Its Properties
Authors: Wang M.K.
Published: March 2009

The preparation method of CdO-SnO2-WO3 series (Cd-Sn-W for short),
CdO-Sb2O3-WO3 series (Cd-Sb-W for short) and double-base three-phase (Cd2Sb2O7、CdSnO3、
CdWO4) structure linear NTC(Negative Temperature Coefficient)ceramics made of these two
combined materials were studied. Six equations were independently designed, according to which
NTC Sensitive Ceramic micro powders were prepared through chemical coprecipitation. The part
that polyethylene glycol (PEG) and anhydrous ethanol played to prevent granules agglomeration
when making nano-powders was deeply analyzed. As large formula weight polyethylene glycol
(PEG) is not poisonous and does no harm to people’s health, it is worth popularizing widely
Preparation and Characterization of CeO2 with Different Particle Sizes and Morphology
Authors: Wang Lai Jun , Yang D. , Wen Ming Fen , Song Ch.L. , Chen Jian , Gu Yong Wan
Published: March 2009

The traditional precipitation method and a novel inorganic-organic hybrid method were
used to control the morphology of nanocrystalline CeO2. By adjusting the methods and the
preparation conditions, spherical and rode-shaped cerium dioxides with the nanoparticle sizes were
prepared. Their structures and properties were characterized by XRD, BET and TEM.
Synthesis of a Novel Hollow Sphere Having Rigid Binaphthyl Macrocycle as Shell
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Xing , Cao Hui , Chen Chun Hai , Zhang Wan Jin
Published: March 2009

A novel hollow sphere having rigid binaphthyl macrocycle as shell was prepared by means
of sacrifice the silica core. The synthesis of hollow sphere from rigid colloidal silica particles occurs
in three steps: a) modification of silica particles with vinyltriethoxysilane as coupling agent, b)
immersion in the solution of monomer having rigid binaphthyl macrocycle and polymerization, and c)
removal of silica particles. These macrocycles contained in the shell of hollow spheres belong to an
important class of host-guest macrocyclic material in which the rigid backbone and C2 symmetry of
the binaphthyl unit play an important role in complexing guest molecules. This will endow hollow
sphere with new opportunities in molecular recognition and separation.The morphology of colloidal
silica particles and hollow spheres was characterized by SEM and TEM.
C70 Nanowire Arrays Prepared by a Simple Electrophoretic Deposition Method
Authors: Li Cong Ju , Wang Chun Ru , Wang Chen , Bai Chun Li
Published: March 2009

A continuous C70 nanowire arrays are prepared using a simple electrophoretic deposition
method, composed of two steps: generation of the cluster; and deposition of cluster in the alumina
membrane, which is proved to be a practicable technique to fabricate other fullerene
low-dimensional nanostructures.
Palladium and Platinum Deposition onto 4-Mercaptopyridine SAMs
Authors: Ivanova Valentina , Manolova Mila , Kolb Dieter M.
Published: March 2009

A novel technique has recently been presented for depositing metal layers onto a SAM.
This is demonstrated here for Pd and Pt deposits on a mercaptopyridine (4-PyS) SAM. The SAMcovered
Au(111) electrode is immersed into the metal-ion-containing solution without potential
control. As a result, metal ions, e.g., Pd(II) (respectively Pt(II)) adsorb on the surface by forming a
complex with the pyridine species. Subsequently, the electrode is transferred to a metal-ion-free
solution, where the adsorbed metal ions are reduced electrochemically to its zero-valent state. Upon
reduction, monoatomic high metal islands were observed in STM. Angle resolved XPS
measurements show unequivocally that the reduced metal resides on top of the SAM.
Defect Engineering in Self-Assembled 3D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yan Qing Feng , Zhou Zuo Cheng , Su Fa Bing , Zhao X.S.
Published: March 2009

This work describes the combination of photolithography and self-assembly methods for
fabrication of 3D photonic crystals (PCs) with well-defined micron-scale line defects embedded in
the PCs. Line defects with different dimensions, shapes, and compositions have been introduced into
the 3D PCs by choosing different photoresists, masks, and template-directed assembly techniques.
Infiltration of carbon using high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique showed
that the fabrication procedure offers an ideal approach to functional 3D photonic devices from
self-assembled photonic crystals.
Self-Assembled InAs Lateral Quantum Dot Molecules Growth on (001) GaAs by Thin-Capping-and-Regrowth MBE Technique
Authors: Suraprapapich S. , Thainoi S. , Kanjanachuchai S. , Panyakeow S.
Published: March 2009

InAs lateral quantum dot molecules (QDMs) are grown on (001)-GaAs substrates. The
self-assembled QDMs are formed in one continuous molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth via a
thin-capping-and-regrowth technique. Lateral QDMs, each with 10-12 dots arranged in a specific
pattern, are determined by the shapes of the underlying nanopropeller quantum dots (QDs). The
nanopropeller QDs in turn are obtained by regrowth on nano-holes which have been previously
created by capping the first InAs QD layer grown on (001)-GaAs substrate with a thin GaAs layer.
The length of the propeller directly influences the number of QDs in a QDM. By varying the
conditions for thin-capping, shorter or longer propellers can be achieved, allowing the number of
QDs in each QDM to be controlled.
Adsorptive Surface Coverage of Carbon Tetrachloride onto Carbon Nanofibers Array
Authors: Hsieh Chien Te , Chen Jin Ming , Huang Yue Hao , Kuo Rong Rong , Li Chung Tien , Shih Han Chang
Published: March 2009

This work explores an estimation of adsorptive surface coverage for carbon tetrachloride
onto different carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Two kinds of CNFs with various pore characteristics are
fabricated by template-based and thermal chemical vapor deposition methods, respectively. The
pore size distributions of these carbons, determined according to the density functional theory
model, are found to vary with synthesis methods. The results of adsorption experiments show that
CCl4 adsorption isotherms of these CNFs are of Langmuir-type model during the restricted pressure
of 0–0.2 atm at 30°C. The surface coverage capable of adsorbing CCl4 molecules onto the CNFs
can be determined based on the monolayer adsorption model. Interestingly, the CCl4 capacity of
these CNFs does not proportionally increase with their specific surface area, and the CNFs with
more micropore fraction facilitate the adsorptive surface coverage. This finding attributes to a fact
that micropores in the CNFs have stronger adsorption energies, thus, become a major provider for
carbon tetrachloride adsorption.
Studies on Multi Morphology of Polyaniline Guided by Alkali
Authors: Wang Xing , Liu Na , Zhang Wan Jin
Published: March 2009

Multi morphology of polyaniline (PANI), nanotubes, micrograins, solid and hollow
spheres, were synthesized by aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sodium
hydroxide (NaOH), which was proposed as an alkali-guided method by the authors. By changing the
molar ratio of aniline monomer to alkali, with a constant pH, the morphology can be controlled from
nanotubes to micrograins, to solid spheres and to hollow spheres which were proved by SEM and
TEM. The backbone structure was characterized by UV-VIS, FTIR and XRD.
Constrained Growth of the PMMA Photonic Crystals
Authors: Chen Fu Yi , Jie Wan Qi
Published: March 2009

The constrained growth was observed during the formation process of the photonic crystals
from the monodispersed PMMA colloidal microsphere and a controllable vertical deposition (CVD)
technology was developed to prepare the photonic crystal based on these growth behaviors and the
PMMA colloid particles with size of 345nm were assembled into the 3-D arrays. The transmittance
spectrum of the typical sample exhibited an enlarged transmission mode. Their SEM observation
revealed that the bulk structure of the crystalline array had a high periodical and long range order, the
perfect order zone was above 20μm and the surface of the crystal was complete flat and had only two
vacancies in the 35 μm order zone. The growth interface analysis indicated that the colloidal spheres
sedimented subsequently and the drying front between the suspension and crystal moved at a constant
velocity with time. The crystals developed by the continuous growth mechanism and the growing
crystals had rough interface during the process of controllable vertical deposition.
Controlled Synthesis of BaF2 Nanorods via Hydrothermal Microemulsion Method
Authors: Chen Y.C. , Zhang Y.G.
Published: March 2009

BaF2 nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal microemulsion method using sodium
fluoride (NaF) and barium chloride (BaCl2) as the raw materials. The as-prepared products were
characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the products
were composed of BaF2 nanorods with diameters of 18-62 nm and lengths up to 1μm. A directed
aggregation growth process mediated by the microemulsion droplet building blocks is proposed for
the formation of BaF2 nanorods. Further work is in progress to evaluate the possibility of
synthesizing other fluoride 1D nanostructures using a similar method.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Ultrathin Multilayer Film of a Lanthanide Polyoxometalate and a Bipolar Ferrocenyl Derivative
Authors: Zhang Y.Q. , Gao L.H. , Wang K.Z. , Song Y.L. , Jiang L. , Zhu D.B.
Published: March 2009

The electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembled multilayer films were successfully
prepared from alternating deposition of K13[Nd(SiW9Mo2O39)2]·25H2O and a bipolar ferrocenyl
derivative (Fc) on quartz, optical glass and indium-tin-oxide coated glass substrates. The films were
investigated by UV−visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry.
The UV−vis spectra demonstrated that the deposition of the films was uniform and reproducible. XPS
revealed that the film was of chemical composition of [Nd(SiW9Mo2O39)2]13-:Fc = 1:6. The
dependence of cyclic voltammograms of the film on the potential scan rates showed a redox couple
with a formal potential Ef (Ef = (Epa+Epc)/2) of 0.36 V which is similar to that (0.31 V) for Fc aqueous
solution, and the redox reaction for the film was surface confined.
Formation of α-Fe2O3 Nanoflakes by Heating Fe in Air
Authors: Yu T. , Sow C.H. , Xu X.J. , Zhu Y.W. , Lim Chwee Teck , Thong J.T.L.
Published: March 2009

Flake-shaped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructure has been successfully fabricated by using a
hot-plate to directly heat Fe foil or Fe-coated substrates in air at 300oC. After heating, the surface of
the samples was found to be populated with α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes. Such growth of α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes
was very substrate-friendly. They can be formed on blank Si wafer, patterened Si, AFM tips, silica
sphere, quartz, glass slide, Al foil and electrochemically etched W tip. The formation process and the
final products were investigated by glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD), micro-Raman,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results
indicate the final products are single crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes vertically standing on the Fe3O4
film that acts as the precursor for growth of α-Fe2O3. The α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes formed by this method
show very sharp tip with the tip radii as small as several nanometers and large surface to volume ratio.
Such nanoflakes may be potentially useful as novel candidates for future electron field emission and
gas senor devices. Furthermore, it is believed that this simple and substrates-friendly method is useful
in extending the applications of α-Fe2O3 nanostructures.
Effect of Silicon Sources on Self-Assembly in Acidic Environment and Impact on Morphology and Grain Size of Mesoporous Material
Authors: Chen Song , Yang Yong Run , Wang Jin Dai
Published: March 2009

Alkaline hydrothermal process with using cetyl-trimenthylammonium bromide as
template is typical method to prepare MCM-41 mesoporous material. Synthesis in acid media was
seldom researched deeply. With cheap inorganic water glass, effect of different silicon sources on
self-assembly in acid media was investigated. Not like typical MCM-41 mesoporous materials, it is
found that results of analysis are a little different and morphology of mesoporous materials
synthesized in acid media does not rely on silicon sources, regardless of organic or inorganic silicon
source. It is also noticed that nanometer granule of mesoporous material can be directly made by
simply adjusting water dosage, which open up a new way for preparing nanometer material by
self-assembly.
Specific Immobilization of Streptavidin on Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers as Mixing Ratio
Authors: Park Jun Hyung , Park Buyng Su , Huh Gu , Lee Seung Hyun , Lee Hyun Sook , Cho Il Hoon , Paek Se Hwan , Lee Hai Won
Published: March 2009

We report on the distribution of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of biotinylated
and diluent alkylthiolates for streptavidin immobilization. Two thiol derivatives,
11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUOH) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic-(8-biotinylamido-3,6-dioxaoctyl)
amide (MBDA), were employed for mixed SAM. These thiols formed self-assembled monolayer
without local domain, and streptavidins were immobilized onto biotinylated gold surface without
nonspecific binding. In order to find the optimized condition of immobilization of streptavidin, we
controlled the mixing ratio of two kind thiols by colorimetric detection assay, and the immobilization
was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and
ellipsometer.
Gate-Controlled Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid and Atomic-Like Behaviors in Peapod Quantum Dots
Authors: Mizubayashi J. , Haruyama J. , Takesue I. , Okazaki T. , Shinohara Hisanori , Harada Y. , Awano Y.
Published: March 2009

Anomalously high values of power α (1.6 < α < 12) are found in power laws in conductance
versus energy relationships in carbon-nanotube peapod quantum dots, encapsulating a chain of C60 molecules. This
power is controllable by the applied back gate voltage. Atomic-like behaviors with doubly degenerate ground
states are also found by single electron spectroscopy. They reveal that a portion of power originates from the
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid via the occupied electronic levels, which originate from the subbands unique to the
peapods. This observation also clarify that the encapsulated C60 molecules do not directly contribute to the above
quantum phenomena in peapods.
Array of Polymeric Nanofibers via Electrospinning
Authors: Shang T.C. , Yang F. , Wang C.
Published: March 2009

The electrospinning technology has been used to fabricate organic nanofibers. As the nanofibers
are aligned parallel and crossed, unique electrical and photonic properties are generated. Hereby, a
frame of copper thread with a diameter of 0.8 mm was used to collect and align polymer nanofibers.
SEM results showed that the nanofibers were parallel aligned between two copper threads. The
crossed nanofibers arrays were obtained by layer-by-layer assembling on the parallel nanofibers.
The influence factors, such as distance between two copper threads and collection time etc, were
investigated.
Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Computing the Band-Structure of 3D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhou Ming , Pan Chuan Peng , Liu L.P. , Yuan R. , Ren R.F. , Cai Lan
Published: March 2009

A numerical method based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)
scheme for computing the photonic band-structure of three dimensional photonic
crystals is introduced in this paper. Also, the accuracy and stability, numerical
dispersion, boundary Conditions as well as excitation attaching to the scheme are
detailed analyzed. For checking the method, the simulating results of photonic band
structure on two type lattices are presented.
Fabrication of 100nm Sized Patterns on Flexible Polyethylene-Terephthalate Substrate Using Monomer Based Thermal Curing Nanoimprint Lithography
Authors: Lee Heon , Yang Ki Yeon , Hong Sung Hoon
Published: March 2009

In order to build a nano-device on polymer substrate, nano-size patterning
must be done. However, conventional photolithography cannot be used to fabricate
nano-sized patterns on polymer film due to the flexibility of polymer film and its
potential interaction with developer solution and organic solvent. In this study, 100nm
sized dense line and space patterns were made on flexible PET
(polyethylene-terephthalate) substrate using newly developed monomer based
imprinting lithography. Compared to hot embossing lithography, thermal curing
imprint lithography uses monomer based imprint resin which consists of base
monomer and thermal initiator. Since it is liquid phase and polymerization
temperature is much lower than glass temperature of polymer, the nano-sized patterns
can be transfer at much lower temperature and pressure. Hence, patterns as small as
100nm were successfully fabricated on flexible PET film substrate by monomer based
thermal curing imprinting lithography at 85°C and 5atm.
Electron Transport through Three-Terminal C60 Molecular Bridge
Authors: Wang Li Guang , Li Yong , Yu Ding Wen
Published: March 2009

The quantum transmission characteristic of three-terminal C60 molecular bridge is investigated
theoretically by using Green's function approach based on tight-binding theory with only one π orbital per carbon
atom inside C60 molecule. The transmission spectra that electrons transport through the C60 molecular bridge from
one terminal to the other two terminals are obtained. The electronic current distributions inside the molecular
bridge are calculated and shown in graphical analogy by the current density method based on Fisher-Lee formula
at the energy points E=±0.42, ±1.06 and ±1.5, respectively, where the transmission probabilities appear peaks. We
found that the transmission spectra are related to the incident electronic energy, and depend on C60 molecular
levels strongly. We also found that the electrons transport through the C60 molecular bridge symmetrically, and
the multi-point switching properties depend on the energy. That the current distributions in the C60 molecular
bridge agree well with Kirchhoff quantum current momentum conservation law is shown.
Synthesis of Resists Containing a Photoacid Generator Group for Atomic Force Microscope Lithography
Authors: Park Sang Wook , Yoon Hyun Jin , Oh Hee Young , Kim Yong Il , Kwun Gi Jin , Lee Hai Won
Published: March 2009

Photoacid generators (PAGs) have been widely used as a key component in a chemically amplified
photoresist system. The PAG monomer containing an arylsulfonium triflate group was synthesized
and was polymerized with benzyl methacrylates. The molecular weight and the content of PAG were
controlled to improve thermal stability and sensitivity for atomic force microscope lithography. The
fabrication of anodization patterns, which can be enhanced by addition of PAG unit to resist, was
achieved at the low bias voltage and the high speed of AFM patterning. The physical properties of
resists and lithographic factors affecting the high speed AFM lithography will be discussed.
SAMs-Drected Metallization and Its Application in Fabrication of Core-Shell Nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Li Na , Zhou K.C. , Xie Sheng Li , Huang L. , Gu Ning
Published: March 2009

Molecular assembly technology has attracted much research attention due to its flexible
applications in modulation of surface property and construction of nanostructures and devices.
Herein, a well-defined surface metallization technique has been achieved via anchoring electroless
catalysts onto substrates’ surfaces with the pendant active groups of self-assembled monolayers. This
method affords a means to control surface functionality at molecular level and has advantages over
the conventional Sn-Pd methods, such as convenient operation, good reproducibility, increased
longevity of the activated initiator and improved adhesion of metal deposition to substrates.
Therefore, it has great significance in the fields of developing bottom-up combined
micro/nano-fabrication technique. This metallization process has been successfully performed on
hollow ceramic particles to fabricate light-weighted core-shell functional materials.
Single-Crystal Uniform Tubes of ZnO
Authors: Zhou L.Q. , Dai Ying , Sun Yue Ling , Chen Wen
Published: March 2009

A simple and cheap method has been applied to synthesize single-crystal uniform ZnO tubes with
high yield in a hydrothermal process using Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O and methenamine as reaction precursors
at low temperature. The products are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and SAED. ZnO tubes are
uniform single-crystal structures and grow along the [0001] direction. They have straight and
regular hexagonal configuration with faceted ends and slippery side surfaces. The growth
mechanism of ZnO tubes is investigated and the processing conditions are critical for the formation
of ZnO tubes.
Nano-Displacement Sensing and Estimation (nDSE): Enabling Technology for Nano Metrology and Fabrication
Authors: Gao Jun , Picciotto Carl
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we will present theory for nDSE (nano-scale Displacement Sensing and
Estimation) and its application framework: IDMA (Indirect Displacement-Measurement-based
Alignment). nDSE presents a clear and novel theoretical explanation to displacement sensing and
estimation, especially down to the nano scale, a precision traditionally thought difficult or impossible
to achieve because the displacements are below the wavelength of light and smaller than the pixel
dimensions of practical observation systems. IDMA is an enabling framework based on nDSE to
provide a new, low-cost, high precision overlay alignment for the challenging issue of nano scale
alignment and metrology.
Nanomeasure of Esaki Negative Resistance on p-Type GaAs(110) Surfaces
Authors: Perraud S. , David C. , Wang Z.Z.
Published: March 2009

At the (110) cleaved surfaces of p-type GaAs with degenerate doping level, the negative
differential resistance (NDR) inside of the band gap was observed in scanning tunneling spectra
(STS) measurement. The origin of the NDR was found to be the voltage dependence of the
transmission coefficient through the double tunneling barrier, a phenomenon similar to that reported
by Esaki and Stiles in planar metal-insulator-semiconductor tunnel junctions.
Structural and Electrochemical Evaluation of a Si Film Electrode Fabricated on a Ni Buffer Layer
Authors: Lee Bong Ki , Cho Gyu Bong , Cho Kwon Koo , Kim K.W.
Published: March 2009

Si and Si/Ni thin film electrodes less than 1m in total thickness were fabricated on the
roughened Cu substrate by rf sputtering. Their surface morphology and crystalline structure were
carefully investigated by means of FESEM and XRD. The morphology of films is dependent on the
surface feature of substrate, and the grown films were amorphous. The initial capacity and the irreversible
capacity loss of a Li/Si film cell were improved with insertion of a Ni buffer layer. The effect of the film
morphology on the electrochemical properties of cells was demonstrated based on the observations of
film electrodes.
Thermoelectric Properties of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0~0.5
Authors: Jang K.W. , Kim Il Ho , Lee Jung Il , Choi Good Sun
Published: March 2009

Non-stoichiometric Zn4-xSb3 compounds with x=0~0.5 were prepared by vacuum melting
at 1173K and annealing solidified ingots at 623K. Electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient at
450K increased from 1.8cm and 145K-1 for Zn4Sb3(x=0) to 56.2cm 350K-1 for
Zn3.5Sb3(x=0.5) due to the decrease of the carrier concentration. Hall mobility and carrier
concentration was 31.5cm2V-1s-1 and 1.32X1020cm-3 for Zn4Sb3 and 70cm2V-1s-1 and 2.80X1018cm-3
for Zn3.5Sb3. Electrical resistivity of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0~0.2 showed linearly increasing temperature
dependence, whereas those of Zn4-xSb3 with x=0.3~0.5 above 450 K tended to decrease. Thermal
conductivity of Zn4Sb3 was 8.5mWcm-1K-1 at room temperature and that of Zn4-xSb3 with x≥0.3 was
around 11mWcm-1K-1. Maximum ZT of Zn4Sb3 was obtained around 1.3 at 600K. Zn4Sb3 with
x=0.3~0.5 showed very small value of ZT=0.2~0.3.
Fabrication of Hybrid Solid Electrolyte by LiPF6 Liquid Electrolyte Infiltration into Nano-Porous Na2O-SiO2-B2O3 Glass Membrane
Authors: Kim Ji Sook , Lee Sun Hwa , Shin Dong Wook
Published: March 2009

To improve ion mobility in solid inorganic electrolyte for lithium ion battery, the hybrid
electrolytes were developed in the form of the organic-inorganic meso-scale hybridization by the
infiltration of liquid electrolyte into meso-porous inorganic glass membrane. Glass electrolyte
membranes with nanopores were prepared by spinodal decomposition and subsequent acid leaching.
The most suitable glass electrolyte membranes could be fabricated from the 7.5Na2O-46.25B2O3
-46.25SiO2 (mol%). The effect of leaching temperature, leaching time and leaching acids on the
preparation of the membranes were investigated. The microstructure of the cross-section of
7.5Na2O-46.25B2O3-46.25SiO2 glass electrolytes were examined with a scanning electron
microscope. Then, liquid electrolyte was infiltrated by dipping method into etched glasses electrolyte.
Full cells were fabricated by LiCoO2 for cathode materials and MCMB for anode materials.
Conductivity and charge-discharge test of the porous glass electrolyte membrane was measured.
Preparation and Electrochemical Evaluation of La1-xSrxMnO3 Cathode Material for Zinc Air Secondary Batteries Application
Authors: Eom Seung Wook , Ahn Se Young , Lee Chang Woo , Sun Yang Kook , Yun Mun Soo
Published: March 2009

We prepared nano-sized La1-xSrxMnO3 (x=0.2~0.5) cathode catalyst for the zinc air
secondary batteries by citrate method and measured cathode’s electrochemical characteristics
according to content of strontium compose the cathode catalyst. We heat treated the prepared
precursor at various calcination temperature (500~900), and examined the optimum calcinations
temperature by XRD analysis and electrochemical evaluation. We examined the ORR (oxygen
reduction reaction) and OER (oxygen evolution reaction) performance of the prepared La1-xSrxMnO3
catalyst powder. La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 catalyst has shown the best performance in the
ORR. But in the OER, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 catalyst has shown better performance. When we consider
ORR and OER performance simultaneously, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 catalyst has shown the best performance
because of its lowest voltage difference between charge and discharge.
Development of Ultrasonic-Polarized Mechanism for Stacking Orientation of Quasi-Isotropy Composite Laminates
Authors: Lee Choong Ho , Cho Young Tae , Im Kwang Hee , Hsu David K. , Park Je Woong
Published: March 2009

Composite laminates help to lighten components because they have the advantage of
higher strength-to-weight ratio. So, they have come to be utilized as parts of advanced areas. An
NDE technique for stacking orientation determination would be very beneficial because of layup
orientation influence to the laminate stiffness. In this study, an investigation of shear wave
ultrasonic technique was carried out in order to detect stacking orientation error for quasi-isotropy
composite laminates. During testing, the most significant problem is that the couplant conditions do
not remain the same because of changing the viscosity of the couplant. Therefore, the design and
use of a shear wave transducers would greatly aid in alleviating the couplant problem. A pyramid
with an isosceles triangle with two 45o was made of aluminum to generate shear waves using two
longitudinal transducers based on ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. Also, the signal splitter was
connected to the pulser jack on the pulser/receiver and to the longitudinal transducers. The
longitudinal transducers were mounted with mineral oil and the shear transducer was mounted on
the bottom as a receiver with burnt honey. It is found that the shear wave was generated at a
maximum and a minimum based on the ultrasonic-polarized mechanism. To apply this method into
a practical inspection tool, the quasi-isotropy composite laminates were nondestructively evaluated
for detecting error of the laminates.
Fabrication and Microstructure Control of Continuously Porous Ceramics with Al2O3-(m-ZrO2) and t-ZrO2 Multilayer Shell
Authors: Sarkar Swapan Kumar , Paul Rajat Kanti , Lee Byong Taek
Published: March 2009

Novel continuously porous alumina (25%monoclinic-Zirconia) (Al2O3-(m-ZrO2)) and
tetragonal Zirconia (t-ZrO2) composites were fabricated with concentric multilayer shells of
Al2O3-(m-ZrO2) and t-ZrO2 by the multi-pass extrusion process. Nanocrystaline Al2O3-(m-ZrO2)/
t-ZrO2 powders and graphite powder as a pore forming agent were mixed with polymer in extrudable
form. The microstructure was tailored in the green bodies by the extrusion process with high
flexibility of control. The green body was burnt-out and sintered to obtain the continuously porous
ceramics. The pore diameter and pore frame thickness were around 198±10.5 μm and 158.5±10.2 μm,
respectively. The pore frame region was furnished with 9 alternating shells of Al2O3-(m-ZrO2) and
t-ZrO2 with uniform thickness of about 17.6±1.1 μm. The interfaces of the alternate layers were
designed corrugated shape. The detailed microstructure of the porous bodies was characterized by
SEM techniques.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Embedded Nylon Nanofiber Bundles by Electrospinning
Authors: Jeong Jin Su , Park Sung Joon , Shin Yun Hee , Jung Yong Jun , Alegaonkar Prashant Sudhir , Yoo Ji Beom
Published: March 2009

The electrospinning is a novel and efficient tool for fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNTs)
-polymer composites. We have fabricated polymer/CNTs composite by doping multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (MWNTs) in nylon fibers using electrospinning technique. The solution, containing
MWNTs/nylon, was ejected from the spinneret to form fibers. Spun fibers were collected on the water
surface in the water bath and transfer to the winding drum. We observed that, the unwoven fibers were
transformed into aligned bundles. The fiber alignment is discussed. The electrical properties of the
aligned fibers were analyzed.
Materials for Devices in Life Science Applications
Authors: Li G.P. , Bachman Mark
Published: March 2009

The unprecedented technology advancements in miniaturizing integrated circuits, and the
resulting plethora of sophisticated, low cost electronic devices demonstrate the impact that
micro/nano scale engineering can have when applied only to the area of electrical and computer
engineering. Current research efforts in micro/nano fabrication technology for implementing
integrated devices hope to yield similar revolutions in life science fields. The integrated life chip
technology requires the integration of multiple materials, phenomena, technologies, and functions
at micro/nano scales. By cross linking the individual engineering fields through micro/nano
technology, various miniaturized life chips will have future impacts in the application markets such
as medicine and healthcare.
Morphological Evolution of Silicon Nanowires Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kwak Dong Wook , Kim Dae Hoon , Cho Hoon Young , Yang Woo Chul
Published: March 2009

Morphological evolution of Si nanowires (Si-NWs) grown on Si (001) substrates is
explored. The Si-NWs are fabricated by nanoscale Au-Si island-catalyzed rapid thermal chemical
vapor deposition. The Au-Si islands (10-50 nm in dia.) are formed by deposition of Au thin film
(1.2-3.0 nm) at room temperature and followed by annealing at 700oC. The Si-NWs are grown by
exposure them to a mixture of gasses of SiH4 and H2. We found a critical thickness of the Au film for
Si-NW nucleation at a given growth condition. Also, we observed variation in the growth rate and the
dimension of the NWs depending on the growth pressure and temperature. The resulting NWs are
~30-100nm in diameter and ~0.4-5.0μm in length. Most of the NWs were aligned along the <111>
direction. The morphological and dimensional evolution of the Si-NWs is discussed in terms of
kinetics (atomic diffusion mechanism) and energetics (surface and interface energies).
Thickness Dependence of the Crystallization of α-Fe2O3/α-Al2O3(0001) Thin Films Grown by Sputtering
Authors: Cho Tae Sik , Yi Min Su , Noh Do Young , Doh Seok Joo , Je Jung Ho
Published: March 2009

The crystallization of α-Fe2O3/α-Al2O3(0001) thin films has been studied using real-time
synchrotron x-ray scattering and atomic force microscope. In the sputter-grown amorphous films of
various thicknesses at room temperature, we find the coexistence of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 interfacial
crystallites (~50-Å-thick), well aligned to the α-Al2O3[0001] direction. The amorphous precursor is
crystallized to the epitaxial α-Fe2O3 grains in three steps with annealing temperature; i) the growth of
the well aligned α-Fe2O3 interfacial crystallites to approximately 200-Å-thick, together with the
transformation of the Fe3O4 crystallites to the α-Fe2O3 crystallites (< 400°C), ii) the growth of the less
aligned α-Fe2O3 grains on top of the well aligned grains (> 400°C), and iii) the nucleation of the
different less aligned α-Fe2O3 grains directly on the α-Al2O3 substrate (> 600°C). The surface
evolution of the amorphous precursor films after annealing is consistent with the microstructure
evolution during the crystallization.
Properties of TiC and TiCN Nanoparticles Fabricated by a Magnesium Thermal Reduction Process
Authors: Lee Dong Won , Yu Ji Hun , Jang Tae Suk
Published: March 2009

Nanoparticles of TiC and TiCN were synthesized by a magnesium thermal reduction
process. The process was performed in the sequence of (1) the transfer of TiCl4+C2Cl4 solutions into
a liquefied magnesium protected with Ar, (2) the magnesium reduction of metal chlorides, (3) the
formation of a titanium carbide by the reaction of Ti and C atoms released by the magnesium
reduction, and finally (4) the vacuum separation of the residual liquid Mg and MgCl2. Titanium
carbonitride could be synthesized by maintaining the reaction chamber in nitrogen atmosphere. The
average particle size of both TiC and TiCN synthesized was about 80 nm each. The composition of
the TiC nanoparticles was approximately TiC0.95 with 0.9 wt % free carbon whereas that of the TiCN
nanoparticles was TiC0.46~0.53N0.46~0.51 with 0.1 wt % free carbon.
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes by Evaporating Ethanol as Carbon Source
Authors: Jeong Nam Jo , Seo Yong Seog , Kim Hee Yeon , Lee Jung Hoon
Published: March 2009

We report the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from ethanol by a chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) method. Ethanol used as carbon source is atomized by an ultrasonic evaporator at
room temperature, and is injected into a CVD furnace through a nozzle installed inside the furnace.
The SEM and TEM analysis shows that the product contained CNTs as major constituents with some
impurities. The radial breathing mode (RBM) of Raman spectrum reveals that the SWNTs are
included in the product. The average diameter of the MWNTs is about 30nm and that of the SWNTs is
less than 2nm.
Effects of Concentration of Catalyst Precursors on Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Cheng Jin , Zou Xiao Ping , Li Fei , Zhang Hong Dan , Ren Peng Fei
Published: March 2009

It is very important to study the effects of various factors on synthesis of carbon
nanomaterials for controlled synthesis, which plays a significant role in realizing desired
nanostructures or nanodevices for applications. In this report, we employed iron nitrate solution
with different concentration, such as 1 mol/l, 0.1 mol/l, 0.01 mol/l, and saturated iron nitrate
solution as catalyst precursor solution and studied the effects of concentration of catalyst precursor
solution on carbon nanostructures that were synthesized by ethanol catalytic combustion (ECC)
process. We have characterized the as-grown carbon nanostructures by employing scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for deep understanding.
Property of NOx Gas Sensor Using Carbon Nanotube Prepared by Thermal CVD Method
Authors: Ueda Tsuyoshi , Bhuiyan Md. Mosharaf Hossain , Norimatsu H. , Katsuki S. , Ikegami Tomoaki
Published: March 2009

Carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensors for NOx gas detection were prepared. CNTs were
grown on an Al2O3 substrate with interdigital Pt-electrodes (Al2O3 ceramic substrate) using both
pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. In this
method, Al buffer layer and Fe catalytic thin film were prepared on the substrate by PLD method
and then CNTs were grown by thermal CVD method. Surface images of CNTs on the substrates
were observed by SEM, and the gas sensing property specific to NO gas was measured. Resistance
of the prepared CNTs gas sensor decreased with increase of sensor temperature, and it decreased
with increase of NO gas concentration at room temperature.