bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin attenuates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting the PGAM5-mPTP pathway
Authors: Shi Xiaoyi , Zhang Jiakai , Gao Jie , Guo Danfeng , Zhang Shuijun , Chen Xu , Tang Hongwei
Published: October 2024

Phosphoglycerate mutase/protein phosphatase (PGAM5)-mediated cell death plays an important role in multiple liver diseases. However, few studies have confirmed the regulatory mechanism of melatonin acting on PGAM5-mediated cell death in the context of liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The liver I/R injury model and cell hypoxia-reoxygenation model were established after melatonin pretreatment. Liver injury, cell activity, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress index, and PGAM5 protein expression were detected. To investigate the role of PGAM5 in melatonin-mediated liver protection during I/R injury, PGAM5 silencing, and overexpression were performed before melatonin pretreatment. Our results indicated that PGAM5 was significantly elevated by I/R injury, and predominantly localized in the necrosis area. However, treatment with melatonin blocked PGAM5 activation and conferred a survival advantage of hepatocytes in liver I/R injury, similar to the results achieved by silencing PGAM5. In terms of mechanism, we illustrated that activated PGAM5 promoted mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and administration of melatonin inhibited mPTP opening and interrupted hepatocytes death via blocking PGAM5. Our data indicated that the PGAM5-mPTP axis is responsible for I/R-induced liver injury. In contrast, melatonin supplementation blocked the PGAM5-mPTP axis and thus decreased cell death, providing a protective advantage to hepatocytes in I/R. These results established a new paradigm in melatonin-mediated hepatocyte protection under the burden of I/R attack.
Fracture morphology and ossification process of the keel bone in modern laying hens based on radiographic imaging
Authors: Gretarsson Páll , Søvik Åste , Thøfner Ida , Moe Randi Oppermann , Toftaker Ingrid , Kittelsen Käthe
Published: October 2024

Keel bone fractures (KBF) are one of the most important welfare problems in commercial laying hens. Despite extensive research on the matter, its etiology remains unclear. Studying fracture characteristics in radiographic images can aid in the understanding of the disorder. The aim of the current study was to provide detailed description of fracture characteristics and explore ossification in the keel bone. In this descriptive study, repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed in one commercial laying hen flock. The flock was visited at 11 time points from 17–57 weeks of age (WOA), radiographing 30 laying hens at each visit resulting in altogether 330 unique radiographs. Fracture characteristics and the keel bone’s level of ossification were assessed in each radiograph. In total, 344 fractures were recorded, of which 71.5% were complete and 28.5% were incomplete. Of the complete fractures, 82.9% were recorded as transverse, and 15.9% as oblique. One comminuted and two butterfly fractures were recorded. The caudal third of the keel was the most common area for fractures. Fracture characteristics differed between the different regions of the keel bone; all incomplete fractures in the cranial third appeared on the ventral surface of the keel, whilst the majority of incomplete fractures on the caudal third appeared on the dorsal surface. This indicates that the underlying etiology might differ between the cranial and caudal part. Folding fractures were observed in 18.6% of all the fractures, and occurred in both cranial-, and caudal third of the keel, indicating possible underlying disorders of calcium metabolism. All hens at 32 WOA and older had a fully ossified keel, based on radiographic evaluation. Displacement and soft tissue swelling are common characteristics in fractures of traumatic origin. We found a high frequency of simple fractures, without these characteristics, indicating that non-traumatic causes may be of higher importance than conventional beliefs.
How can HIV self-testing facilitate increased access to HIV testing among multiply marginalised populations? Perspectives from GBMSM and trans women in England and Wales
Authors: Chu Isaac Yen-Hao , Burns Fiona M. , Wright Talen , Samba Phil , Witzel T. Charles , Nicholls Emily Jay , McCabe Leanne , Phillips Andrew , McCormack Sheena , Rodger Alison J. , Weatherburn Peter
Published: October 2024

Background

HIV self-testing (HIVST) may facilitate marginalised populations’ uptake of HIV testing, but whether the extent of marginalisation challenges individual uptake of HIVST remains under-researched. We aim to explore the perspectives of multiply marginalised cis-gender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and trans women on whether HIVST might increase their uptake of HIV testing.

Methods

We reanalysed qualitative interview data from SELPHI (the UK’s largest HIVST randomised trial) collected between 2017 and 2020 from marginalised populations, defined as people self-identifying as non-heterosexual, transgender, non-White ethnicity and/or with low educational attainment. Thirty-eight interviews with multiply marginalised individuals were thematically examined using the framework method. We specifically focussed on kit usability (a function of the interaction between blood-based HIVST kits and users), perspectives on how HIVST can improve access to HIV testing and suggestions on need-based scale-up of HIVST.

Results

HIVST kits were considered usable and acceptable by multiply marginalised GBMSM and trans women. The majority of interviewees highlighted multi-levelled barriers to accessing HIV testing services due to structural and social marginalisation. Their multiply marginalised identities did not impede HIVST uptake but often form motivation to self-test. Three potential roles of HIVST in the HIV testing landscape were identified: (1) alternation of HIVST and facility-based testing, (2) integration of HIVST into sexual health services and (3) substituting facility-based testing with HIVST in the future. Perceived beneficiaries of HIVST included trans communities, individuals with undisclosed sexuality and people with physical disabilities.

Discussion

HIVST can facilitate marginalised populations’ access and uptake of HIV testing by alternating with, integrating into and substituting for facility-based services in the UK. Marginalised identities did not present challenges but rather opportunities for person-centred scale-up of HIVST. Future implementation programmes should ensure equitable access to HIVST among trans people, men unable to disclose their sexuality, and perhaps people with physical disabilities.
A novel 4-aminoquinoline chemotype with multistage antimalarial activity and lack of cross-resistance with PfCRT and PfMDR1 mutants
Authors: Ferreira Letícia Tiburcio , Cassiano Gustavo Capatti , Alvarez Luis Carlos Salazar , Okombo John , Calit Juliana , Fontinha Diana , Gil-Iturbe Eva , Coyle Rachael , Andrade Carolina Horta , Sunnerhagen Per , Bargieri Daniel Youssef , Prudêncio Miguel , Quick Matthias , Cravo Pedro V. , Lee Marcus C. S. , Fidock David A. , Costa Fabio Trindade Maranhão
Published: October 2024

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the mainstay of effective treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the long-term utility of ACTs is imperiled by widespread partial artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and its recent emergence in parts of East Africa. This underscores the need to identify chemotypes with new modes of action (MoAs) to circumvent resistance to ACTs. In this study, we characterized the asexual blood stage antiplasmodial activity and resistance mechanisms of LDT-623, a 4-aminoquinoline (4-AQ). We also detected LDT-623 activity against multiple stages (liver schizonts, stage IV-V gametocytes, and ookinetes) of Plasmodium’s life cycle, a feature unlike other 4-AQs such as chloroquine (CQ) and piperaquine (PPQ). Using heme fractionation profiling and drug uptake studies in PfCRT-containing proteoliposomes, we observed inhibition of hemozoin formation and PfCRT-mediated transport, which constitute characteristic features of 4-AQs’ MoA. We also found minimal cross-resistance to LDT-623 in a panel of mutant pfcrt or pfmdr1 lines, but not the PfCRT F145I mutant that is highly resistant to PPQ resistance yet is very unfit. No P. falciparum parasites were recovered in an in vitro resistance selection study, suggesting a high barrier for resistance to emerge. Finally, a competitive growth assay comprising >50 barcoded parasite lines with mutated resistance mediators or major drug targets found no evidence of cross-resistance. Our findings support further exploration of this promising 4-AQ.
El tratamiento de la discapacidad en El cochecito (1960)
Authors: Martos Contreras Emilia
Published: October 2024

La película de El cochecito (1960) de Azcona y Ferreri, es una de las obras más referenciadas en las investigaciones históricas del cine español, entre otras cuestiones, por su talante crítico y social, muy significativo en el contexto dictatorial. Además, los pocos autores que han reflexionado sobre la discapacidad en el séptimo arte español le han dedicado un especial interés, reseñando su particularidad en un ambiente cinematográfico bastante plano, estereotipado y opresivo en el tratamiento de esta temática. En esta aportación reflexionamos sobre dicha particularidad, situándola en su contexto fílmico y social.
Nilai Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit dan Red Cell Distribution Width pada Neonatus Sepsis
Authors: Machya Farish , Darussalam Dora , Herdata Heru Noviat , Haris Syafruddin , Edward Eka Destianti , Dimiati Herlina
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang. Insiden sepsis pada negara berkembang sampai saat ini masih tinggi. Banyaknya faktor risiko yang memengaruhi, menjadikan sepsis sebagai penyumbang tingginya angka kematian pada bayi. Diagnosis yang seringkali terlambat ditegakkan karena pemeriksaan kultur darah sebagai Gold Standard baru bisa didapatkan hasilnya setelah beberapa hari. Deteksi dini sepsis neonatorum dapat diltegakkan salah satunya dengan pemeriksaan rasio neutrofil limfosit dan red cell distribution width.Tujuan. Menilai rasio neutrofil limfosit, red cell distribution width, dan faktor risiko pada neonatus dengan diagnosis sepsis di neonatal intensive care unit - NICU Rumah Sakit Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh dengan luaran kematian.Metode. Penelitian desain kohort retrospektif dengan data rekam medis neonatus di NICU Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh, dari Februari hingga Oktober 2023. Sebanyak 43 neonatus dengan diagnosis sepsis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografis, hasil laboratorium, serta luaran klinis. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan SPSS versi 20.0.Hasil. Diperoleh 88,3% neonatus menunjukkan peningkatan NLR, dan 86,05% mengalami peningkatan RDW. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara metode persalinan sectio caesaria (p<0,03) dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas. Neonatus dengan berat badan ?2500 gram dan usia gestasi preterm lebih sering mengalami peningkatan NLR dan RDW. Kesimpulan. Peningkatan nilai rasio neutrofil limfosit lebih banyak terjadi pada neonatus sepsis dibandingkan nilai red cell distribution width.
Stres Ibu Menyusui dan Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif di Banda Aceh: Studi Cross-Sectional
Authors: Aminah Siti , Dimiati Herlina , Utami Niken Asri
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang. Pemberian ASI eksklusif mulai sejak bayi berusia 0-6 bulan pertama kehidupan, memberikan dampak positif bagi bayi dan juga ibu. Beberapa faktor seperti nutrisi ibu, frekuensi menyusui, pengetahuan ibu, dukungan keluarga, pekerjaan, dan stres yang dialami ibu dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres pada ibu menyusui dengan keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Banda Raya Banda Aceh.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6-12 bulan berjumlah 68 orang. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan total sampling. Data tingkat stres ibu diperoleh dari hasil pengisian kuesioner Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10).Hasil. Responden dengan tingkat stres ringan memberikan ASI eksklusif (84,9%). Responden dengan tingkat stres sedang mayoritas tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif (60,7%), dan responden dengan tingkat stres berat tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif (100%). Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dengan p value sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05) dan nilai koefisien korelasi – 0,503 (hubungan sedang).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan tingkat stres pada ibu menyusui terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif, yaitu semakin ringan tingkat stres akan semakin tinggi keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif.
Analisis Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stunting dan Faktor Risiko di Kecamatan Medan Denai
Authors: Elfrida Anastasya Valentine , Lubis Bugis Mardina , Ramayani Oke Rina , Sitorus Mega Sari
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi secara kronis. Di Indonesia, prevalensi stunting pada tahun 2021 adalah 24,4 persen. Kondisi prevalensi stunting di Sumatera Utara juga sangat memprihatinkan. Sebanyak 13 dari 33 kabupaten/kota yang berada di Sumatera Utara memiliki prevalensi stunting di atas 30%. Kecamatan Medan Denai adalah salah satu kecamatan di Kota Medan dengan kasus gizi buruk anak tertinggi. Salah satu faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting.Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian terdiri dari 96 responden yaitu ibu anak balita yang berdomisili dan menyekolahkan anaknya di TK/PAUD di Kecamatan Medan Denai yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.Hasil. Pada 96 responden ditemukan tingkat pengetahuan tentang stunting yang sedang (60,4%), rendah (30,2%), dan tinggi (9,4%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting dengan nilai p=0,035 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan. Mayoritas ibu memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tentang stunting yang sedang dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting.
Sindrom Nefrotik Monogenik: Pendekatan Klinis dan Diagnosis
Authors: Fahlevi Reza , Trihono Partini Pudjiastuti , Muktiarti Dina , Wahidiyat Pustika Amalia , Hidayati Eka Laksmi , Hafifah Cut Nurul
Published: October 2024

Sindrom nefrotik merupakan penyakit ginjal yang sering ditemukan pada anak-anak, dengan insiden 1-3 per 100.000 anak di bawah usia 16 tahun. Sekitar 10-20% anak dengan sindrom nefrotik mengalami sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid (SNRS), dan 10-30% dari kasus ini disebabkan oleh kelainan genetik. Pada SNRS monogenik, terdapat dua jenis yaitu sindromik (dengan gejala ekstra-renal) dan non-sindromik (tanpa gejala ekstra-renal). Penanganan SNRS memerlukan pendekatan klinis yang berbeda tergantung pada etiologi genetiknya. Pemeriksaan genetik, termasuk gen tunggal, panel multigen, dan genomik komprehensif, dapat mengidentifikasi varian patogenik, menetapkan diagnosis yang akurat, menyesuaikan terapi (termasuk penghentian terapi imunosupresan dan pemberian terapi yang lebih spesifik) konseling genetik, serta penanganan komprehensif terhadap manifestasi ekstra-renal terkait. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan klinis yang efektif harus didasarkan pada hasil pemeriksaan genetik untuk pengelolaan yang optimal dan konseling yang lebih tepat.
Intelligent Traffic Management System for Urban Conditions.
Authors: Naramdeo Kopal , Madake Satyraj , Patil Priti , Patil Janhavi
Published: October 2024

The challenges of urban areas with ever-increasing traffic congestion, emergency response, and maintaining road safety are the basis of this paper. The ITMS proposed in this paper treats optimization of timings at the traffic signals based on real-time vehicle counts, along with the detection of emergency vehicles and accidents, as its prime mandate. To achieve these objectives of optimal traffic management, advanced technologies, such as sensor detectors, algorithms for processing data, and communicating networks, were adopted. With simulations and evaluations, the ITMS holds great promise in enhancing traffic flow efficiency as well as reducing congestion while shortening emergency vehicle response times vis-a-vis fixed-time signal control. The research performed here addresses the development of more sustainable and resilient urban transportation systems.The challenges of urban areas with ever-increasing traffic congestion, emergency response, and maintaining road safety are the basis of this paper. The ITMS proposed in this paper treats optimization of timings at the traffic signals based on real-time vehicle counts, along with the detection of emergency vehicles and accidents, as its prime mandate. To achieve these objectives of optimal traffic management, advanced technologies, such as sensor detectors, algorithms for processing data, and communicating networks, were adopted. With simulations and evaluations, the ITMS holds great promise in enhancing traffic flow efficiency as well as reducing congestion while shortening emergency vehicle response times vis-a-vis fixed-time signal control. The research performed here addresses the development of more sustainable and resilient urban transportation systems.
¿Transformaciones de género en el ámbito educativo? Actitudes y opiniones del profesorado en Chile
Authors: Vidal Francisco , Gutiérrez Geraldine , Lillo Daniela , Abarca Humberto , Montecinos Rosa , Barrientos Jaime
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación cuantitativa describe las actitudes y opiniones de una muestra de 1.777 docentes hacia las transformaciones que estaría experimentando la sociedad chilena y el sistema educativo en cuanto a género, sexismo, familia, sexualidad, disidencias sexogenéricas y educación sexual. Los resultados muestran actitudes favorables hacia los cambios que se estarían produciendo en los ámbitos descritos, con un matiz de visiones más convencionales en género y, sobre todo, en sexualidad. Estas actitudes favorables se condicen con las demandas del movimiento feminista de 2018, con las normas legales y políticas educativas sobre género aprobadas en el país y con los resultados de otras investigaciones con docentes en Chile. En educación sexual, se observa una falta de preparación del profesorado en su formación inicial docente, falencia que debiera ser asumida por las universidades que dictan carreras de pedagogía. Se construyeron índices por cada ámbito y se cruzaron con variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, credo religioso y tendencia política, resultando diferencias estadísticamente significativas en 23 de los 24 cruces. Esta relación entre variables muestra un perfil sociodemográfico claro de quienes presentan actitudes favorables y desfavorables hacia las transformaciones indagadas, perfiles que debieran ser considerados en la programación de actividades de capacitación con estos grupos.
THE LONG AND WINDING ROAD: CONFRONTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE ON WOMEN IN PESANTREN
Authors: Wardana Khansadhia Afifah , Rahayu Rahayu , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: October 2024

One of the most prominent educational institutions that shaped the societal development of Indonesia as of today, would be Pesantren, the Islamic boarding school that spread nationwide. The existence of pesantren has managed to help open more doors in advancing women’s education, but such achievement came with many challenges that put other women’s rights in jeopardy. Discrimination, sexual violence, and the imbalance of power relations cause mayhem to women’s rights, not only in terms of education but also for their religious freedom. This paper provides a qualitative study on the challenges that women faced in Pesantren conducted through observation and study of cases. A gender perspective is needed in order to ensure the protection of women in Pesantren.
Analysis of Optimal Solutions of a Benchmark Water Distribution Network for Exploring the Global Optimality of the Current-best Solution
Authors:   Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Gangwani Laxmi , Palod Nikita ,   Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Dongre Shilpa ,   Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Gupta Rajesh ,   Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT)
Published: October 2024

The optimal design of water distribution networks (WDNs) has always attracted the attention of researchers due to the complexities involved. The general cost optimization problem is categorized as the NLP-Hard problem. Several evolutionary algorithms (EAs) that can explore the entire search from multiple starting points have been developed in the last three decades. The EAs have more chances of reaching the global optimal solution. However, whether these algorithms converge to a global optimal solution or not is always doubtful, as these algorithms do not guarantee the same solution in the two different runs. A two-source benchmark network is considered for which several better solutions have been reported by different researchers in the last 15 years. The available solutions of this network are analysed based on certain parameters, usually observed in the global optimal solution. The main objective of the study is to explore the possibility of achieving a better than the current best-solution, as the global optimality of the current best is not confirmed. Further, the proposed methodology is applied to test the current best solutions of two additional networks.
Key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete-ribbed slabs: A review
Authors: Yahya Yahya Mo. , Galeb Alaa C.
Published: October 2024

A concrete slab is one of the chief structural members in buildings, considered the most prominent member consuming concrete. Structural engineers are challenged to work on the new trend introduced using different slabs. One-way ribbed slabs are commonly used in construction due to their efficiency in spanning long distances while maintaining a low overall depth and giving the least possible number of columns. The main limitation of slab design in the construction of a reinforced concrete structure is the span between columns; a greater span between columns necessitates more supported beams or increased slab thickness; these requirements lead to an increase in the structure weight due to other concrete and steel which make the structure more costly. On the other hand, any increase in the structure’s self-weight limits the horizontal slab’s span, increases the structure’s stress, and raises the inertia forces that must be resisted. Lightweight aggregate concrete has been effectively utilized for structural applications for a long time. The density of lightweight concrete (LWC) is sometimes more essential than its strength in structural applications. The dead load is reduced for structural design and foundations when the density is lower for the same strength level. Reinforced concrete ribbed slabs have become increasingly popular in industry construction as an alternative to solid slabs in building structures. The incorporation of steel fibers facilitates flexural softening, which takes longer than sudden brittle failure, indicating its ability to increase energy absorption and improve crack behavior. Designing structures requires materials with higher strength-to-weight ratios. Ribs and LWCs are two leading sustainable assets. The world is moving toward sustainability by reducing the amount of concrete used and the overall weight of the unit. Studies have shown that the drop in compressive strength was about 4.85–65.55%. The structural performance of lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete slabs is influenced by the concrete mix ratio, fiber type and content, reinforcement detail, and rib geometry. The study provides valuable insights into the properties and performance of key effects on the structural behavior of fiber-reinforced LWC-ribbed slabs. It provides recommendations for future research and advancement of sustainable building methods.
Tearing properties, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and morphology of LLDPE with different short branched chain distributions
Authors: Ren Yi , Shao Wenjun , Wang Ying , Liu Li-Zhi
Published: October 2024

The length and distribution of comonomers with short-chain branching (SCB) have a significant influence on the crystallization behavior and crystal structure of polymers, as well as the mechanical properties of the material. This study investigates the crystallization behavior and properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) samples with similar density, molecular weight, and branching degree but varying SCB distributions. The results show that LLDPE with butene as the comonomer has a stronger ability to suppress crystallization compared to LLDPE with hexene as the comonomer due to its more uniform SCB distribution. Additionally, among LLDPEs with comonomers of octene, hexene, and butene, the LLDPE with the most uniform SCB distribution exhibits the weakest crystallization ability. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that LLDPE with more uniform distribution of SCB has smaller long-period and more regular lamellar structure. Therefore, LLDPE with more uniform SCB distribution exhibits weaker inhibition ability towards crystallization, leading to less agglomerated phases and weaker phase separation, resulting in higher tear strength.
Linked Employer–Employee Data from XING and the Mannheim Enterprise Panel
Authors: Breithaupt Patrick , Hottenrott Hanna , Rammer Christian , Römer Konstantin
Published: October 2024

The availability of social media data is growing and represents a new data source for economic research. This paper presents a detailed study on the use of data from a career-oriented social networking platform. The employment data are exported from user profiles and linked to the Mannheim Enterprise Panel (MUP). The linked employer–employee (LEE) data consist of 14 million employments for 1.5 million employers and describes around 9 million employee flows. Plausibility checks confirm that career-oriented social networking data contain valuable information about employments and employee flows. Using such platform data provides opportunities for research on employee mobility, networks, and local ecosystems’ role in economic performance at the employer and the regional level.
Performance prediction and manipulation strategy of a hybrid system based on tubular solid oxide fuel cell and annular thermoelectric generator
Authors: Zhu Huichao , Chen Siyu , Zhang Houcheng
Published: October 2024

Tubular solid oxide fuel cells (TSOFCs) generate high-grade waste heat during operation, but the existing waste heat recovery technologies designed for flat solid oxide fuel cells cannot be directly applied to TSOFC due to the geometry mismatch. To efficient harvest the waste heat, a new geometry-matching hybrid system including TSOFC and annular thermoelectric generator (ATEG) is synergistically integrated to evaluate the performance upper limit. A mathematical model is formulated and verified to describe the hybrid system by considering various thermodynamic-electrochemical irreversible effects. Key performance indicators are established to assess the potential performance. Calculations show that the peak power density and corresponding efficiency of the proposed system are enhanced by 20.39 % and 13.89 %, respectively, compared to a standalone TSOFC. Furthermore, the exergy destruction rate is reduced by 7.04 %. Extensive sensitivity analyses indicate that higher operating temperatures enhance the system’s performance, while larger electrode tortuosity negatively affects it. Additionally, various optimization paths of ATEG are explored to improve the system performance, including considerations such as the number of thermocouples, leg radial width, leg thickness, or annular shape parameter. The three-objective optimization yields an efficient design solution for the entire system, offering valuable insights for its design and operation.
Exploring Israel/Palestine Through the Eyes of Writers: German-Language Authors and Undiscriminating Anthropological Glasses
Authors: Kranz Dani
Published: October 2024

German language texts, across a range of genres have been written about the Holy Land, Mandatory Palestine, the State of Israel, and about Israel/Palestine. These texts reveal the positioning of the authors either in the subtext, or directly. As they were authored in German, these texts were written with a German-speaking audience as a mental interlocutor in the writing process. This article considers German-language texts as primary sources to learn about the authors, the nexus of the Holy Land, Mandatory Palestine, the State of Israel, Israel/Palestine, and Germany; how generational differences manifest in the topics; and how flows of knowledge have diversified over time. The choice of texts follows the logic of ethnographic fieldwork: it is opportunistic, as anthropologists consider the written word in all its forms and genres as data.
On cultural traditions and innovation: finding common ground
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , O’Brien Michael J.
Published: October 2024

We appreciate the respondents’ comments on our debate article ‘Cultural evolution as inheritance, not intentions’ (Bentley & O'Brien 2024). We all agree that traditional cultural practices—such as manufacturing Acheulean handaxes—often take considerable amounts of time to learn; as Gladwell (2008) popularly proposed, it takes 10 000 hours of practice to make an expert. We also appear to agree that cultural practices are intergenerational. As Frieman (2024: 1421) notes, ideas and practices persist because they are “valued, recreated, manipulated, instrumentalised and enacted generation after generation”; and as Ingold (2024: 1417) puts it, traditional tasks “are not subject to the free will of the individual but fall upon practitioners as part of their responsibilities” to their communities. Drawing on the practice of Bronze Age metallurgy, Pollard (2024) asks the million-dollar questions: how does innovation occur, and what causes it? As both Prentiss (2024) and Pollard note, for example, the pace of technological change is often punctuated, an observation common across the natural and social sciences, but one that defies easy explanation (e.g. Duran-Nebreda et al. 2024; O'Brien et al. 2024).
Experiencing the divine? Museum presentations of religion in Roman Britain
Authors: Lee Antony
Published: October 2024

Religious practice in the Roman world involved diverse rituals and knowledge. Scholarly studies of ancient religion increasingly emphasise the experiential aspects of these practices, highlighting multisensory and embodied approaches to material culture and the dynamic construction of religious experiences and identities. In contrast, museum displays typically frame religious material culture around its iconographic or epigraphic significance. The author analyses 23 UK museum displays to assess how religion in Roman Britain is presented and discusses how museums might use research on ‘lived ancient religion’ to offer more varied and engaging narratives of religious practices that challenge visitors’ perceptions of the period.
The origin of the Protogeometric style in northern Greece and its relevance for the absolute chronology of the Early Iron Age
Authors: Van Damme Trevor , Lis Bartłomiej
Published: October 2024

Classical archaeological chronologies are steeped in relative dating, but the application of absolute methods does not always support such clear-cut seriation. Here, the authors consider the significance of a Macedonian vase in reconciling the conventional and absolute chronologies of Early Iron Age Greece. Decorated with compass-drawn concentric circles and found in a Late Bronze Age context at ancient Eleon, Boeotia, the authors argue that this vessel establishes a chronological anchor and supports a twelfth-century BC emergence of the Protogeometric style in central Macedonia. A model for the indigenous development and dispersal of the Macedonian Protogeometric style is presented for future elaboration.
Running out of empty space: environmental lidar and the crowded ancient landscape of Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Auld-Thomas Luke , Canuto Marcello A. , Morlet Adriana Velázquez , Estrada-Belli Francisco , Chatelain David , Matadamas Diego , Pigott Michelle , Fernández Díaz Juan Carlos
Published: October 2024

As airborne lidar surveys reveal a growing sample of urbanised tropical landscapes, questions linger about the sampling bias of such research leading to inflated estimates of urban extent and population magnitude. ‘Found’ datasets from remote sensing conducted for non-archaeological purposes and thus not subject to archaeological site bias, provide an opportunity to address these concerns through pseudorandom sampling. Here, the authors present their analysis of an environmental lidar dataset from Campeche, Mexico, which reveals previously unrecorded urbanism and dense regional-scale settlement. Both characteristics, the authors argue, are therefore demonstrably ubiquitous across the central Maya Lowlands.
Cultural evolution as inheritance, not intentions
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , O'Brien Michael J.
Published: October 2024

Cultural inheritance is a central issue in archaeology. If variation were not inherited, cultures could not evolve. Some archaeologists have dismissed cultural evolutionary theory in general, and the significance of inheritance specifically, substituting instead a view of culture change that results from agency and intentionality amid a range of options in terms of social identity, cultural values and behaviours. This emphasis projects the modern academic imagination onto the past. Much of the archaeological record, however, is consistent with an intergenerational inheritance process in which cultural traditions were the defining characteristics of behaviour.
Problem-Based Learning: An Effective Teaching Method for Science Competence Development
Authors: Qu Liaojian
Published: October 2024

Modern society places exceptionally high premiums on science education. To make science classes more productive, researchers and educators have experimented with a plurality of non-traditional instructional approaches that are expected to be effective in fueling students’ interest in science subjects and fostering their scientific reasoning ability and creativity. Among them, problem-based learning has been well received by teachers. Its adoption in science classrooms was first recommended by certain researchers in the 20th century (Gallagher et al., 1995). Problem-based learning enables the student to develop knowledge through analyzing and solving problems, rather than through memorizing a wealth of existing information and theories. It can help the student transition from a passive receptacle of knowledge to an active learner and a problem solver (Akınoğlu & Tandoğan, 2007). Despite there being no conclusive definition of this teaching method, the three features summarized by Akcay (2009) are deemed basic elements of problem-based learning: (i) engaging students as stakeholders in a problem situation; (ii) organizing the curriculum around this holistic problem, enabling student learning in relevant and connected ways; (iii) creating a learning environment in which teachers coach student thinking and guide student inquiry, facilitating deeper levels of understanding.
Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Conceptual Integration Understandings in Explaining the Subject of Metabolism with the Concepts of Physics and Chemistry
Authors: Hamalosmanoğlu Mustafa
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on exploring pre-service science teachers’ conceptual integration understandings in explaining the subject of metabolism with the concepts of physics and chemistry. Action research was employed in this study. Nine pre-service science teachers taking the General Biology II course participated. Participants were taught metabolism considering conceptual integration. Data were collected via paper-and-pencil questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. The results showed that the pre-service science teachers could not understand physics and chemistry concepts at a sufficient level while explaining metabolism. Although the activities and practices were executed for conceptual integration in the action plan, only three participants achieved complete conceptual understanding for better conceptual integration at the end of the course in the first question. Thus, future studies could design interventions to be effective in conceptual integration. Further research could also design experimental investigations to examine how conceptual integration is necessary for establishing the relationship between science and other fields.
The Relation between Mentalized Affectivity and Negative Emotions in Chinese College Students: The Moderating Effect of Internet Altruistic Behavior
Authors: Zhang Qing
Published: October 2024

This article aims to investigate the impact of mentalized affectivity on negative emotions among Chinese college students based on a questionnaire survey of 899 university students. The study adopts a mentalized affectivity scale, an internet altruistic behavior scale, and a self-analysis questionnaire. The study’s findings reveal a negative correlation between mentalized affectivity and depression, anxiety, and stress, but a positive correlation with variables linked to internet altruistic behavior in college students. Additionally, the study reveals a significant moderating effect of internet altruistic behavior on the relationship between mentalized affectivity and depression and anxiety. It is concluded that an increased level of affectivity can help modulate negative emotions and that internet altruistic behavior can play a moderator role in the modulation process.
Fisiognomía y expresión en la literatura artística española de los siglos XVII y XVIII
Authors: Delgado Martínez Natalia
Published: October 2024

La cultura figurativa occidental, al fijar su interés en el cuerpo humano, ha tenido irremediablemente que ir más allá del estudio estrictamente orgánico o estructural y profundizar en la interioridad del hombre y en su capacidad expresiva y afectiva, en consonancia con la tradicional concepción filosófica que relaciona estrechamente alma y cuerpo. Los problemas a los que se enfrentan los pintores y escultores trascienden el ámbito de lo estrictamente visual para adentrarse en un dominio intuitivo que desde la literatura artística se pretende verbalizar y codificar. Desde esta perspectiva abordamos el interés suscitado por el tema analizando los testimonios que nos ofrecen una serie de escritos teórico artísticos redactados en España entre los siglos XVII y XVIII.
Venus y Adonis durmiendo (A propósito de Paolo Verones)
Authors: Ávila Ana
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo se centra en una de las facetas del mito de Venus y Adonis ampliamente representado por los pintores del renacimiento. La particularidad de que el joven está dormido en el cuadro pintado por Veronés que conserva el Museo del Prado da pie a conjeturas acerca del reposo y del sueño.
Effect of walnut tannin on wood surface hardness: A study on pine and walnut samples
Authors: Yasar Sekip Sadiye , Yalinkilic Ahmet Cihangir , Yasar Mehmet
Published: October 2024

The hardness of the wood surface determines its wear resistance and resistance to mechanical damage. This study aimed to determine the effect of walnut tannin used in wood preservation on the surface properties of wood. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.) wood test specimens were treated with walnut tannin with a brush. The specimens then were coated with water-based and polyurethane varnishes. After drying, the surface hardness was measured. As a result of the research, it was determined that the highest surface hardness was in the control samples without tannin application and the highest value was in walnut wood.
Artificial intelligence as a means of developing creativity in future technology teachers.
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine, l Liubarska
Published: October 2024

The article considers and analyzes the possibilities of using artificial intelligence (CatGPT, AI) in the training of future specialists, namely for the development of creativity in future technology teachers. The key aspects that should be taken into account and used for the development of creativity are identified, and possible disadvantages of this innovative technology are noted. The rapid development of artificial intelligence has burst into almost all spheres of life, we focused on the use of some AI tools in the training of future technology teachers and the development of their creativity. We analyzed several approaches to using CatGPT to facilitate the organization of classes. Such as: idea generation, scenario building, storytelling and role-playing, problem-solving exercises, creative writing and documentation, interactive learning modules, individual learning paths, innovative challenges that help future teachers gain practical experience and adapt faster to the modern requirements of pedagogical practice. In the article, we offer several working tools from our own "piggy bank" and the principles of their use. The article highlights the current state of AI use in the educational environment and provides recommendations for practicing teachers on the effective use of artificial intelligence technologies. We are convinced that the use of artificial intelligence in the development of creativity of future technology teachers has an important impact on the personal development of creative potential. By using artificial intelligence, we can ensure the active participation of students in the learning process. AI tools stimulate curiosity, promote active research, experimentation, and problem solving. However, along with the great opportunities for using artificial intelligence, there are also threats such as the loss of the human factor, the dissemination of personal data, and financial losses. Therefore, for a good result in the development of creativity of future technology teachers, it is necessary to take into account all the advantages and disadvantages of using AI using strategies balanced between opportunities and challenges.
RISORGIMENTO'S ECHOES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN KRAI DURING THE 1860s IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN EUROPE
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street, Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine, Ivanenko Oksana
Published: October 2024

The article emphasises that during the nineteenth century, the processes of the rise of national movements in Europe, which led to large-scale transformations in international relations, were reflected in the territory of Dnipro Ukraine, and of particular interest is their impact on the public life of Kyiv, Podillia and Volyn provinces, where the Polish socio-cultural presence was traditionally significant. After the November Uprising of 1830-1831, Polish political emigration influenced the formation of Polonophile sentiments in Europe and the actualisation of the Polish question in the activities of European diplomacy, parliaments, and press. The echoes of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's noble democracy were embodied in the Polish national liberation struggle, the uprisings against Russian autocracy in 1830-1831 and 1863-1864, the role of Polish emigrants in the socio-political processes of Western European and Balkan countries, and, above all, in the events of “the Springtime of Nations” of 1848-1849. The study of the documents of the Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General at the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv, which were first introduced to scientific circulation, sheds light on the rise of patriotic sentiments and resistance to Russian autocracy among the local Polish population against the background of intensification of national liberation movements in Europe during the nineteenth century, the emergence of new states on the political map – Greece (1830), Belgium (1830), Romania (1861), completion of the unification of Italy (1871) and creation of the German Empire (1871), and the state and legal transformation of the Austrian (since 1867 – Austro-Hungarian) monarchy. First of all, it is about the influence of information about the events of the Risorgimento and the related intensification of Polish emigration in Europe on the public life of the Southwestern region of the Russian Empire in the 1860s. The unification of Italy was a significant process in the context of the dismantling of the Vienna system of international relations that was initiated by the results of the Eastern War of 1853-1856. In general, it was about a set of international political processes and phenomena that influenced the balance of power on the continent. Italy's geopolitical position determined its key role in the struggle of the great European powers for control over the Mediterranean, powerful military, trade and economic leverage at the intersection of strategically important sea routes between the West and the East.
BORDER PROBLEM ON SPISH AND ORAVA IN CZECHOSLOVAK-POLISH RELATIONS IN 1945-1947
Authors:   Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University, Borovets Ivan
Published: October 2024

The districts of Northern Spiš and Upper Orava in the northwestern part of Slovakia became the object of territorial disputes between the Czechoslovak and Polish republics after the collapse of Austria-Hungary. The essence of the discussions was different approaches to assessing the national composition of the local population. Polish ethnology emphasized their Polish ethnic roots and the uncertain national identity of local “górals” (mountaineers). The counterargument consisted in the Slovak national and cultural movement, which clearly prevailed in the region. In addition, the absolute majority of locals identified themselves as Slovaks. Further the borderline shifted depending on political conditions in favor of one or another side. Under the conditions of Red Army entering the region in 1945, military and political changes intensified the confrontation. The Soviet military administration inclined to resolve the conflict on the basis of national self-determination. However, the principle of returning to the borders as of September 1938 was recognized at the state and international levels. That is to say, a number of settlements with a predominantly Slovak population were returned to Poland. Such a scenario was profitable for the Czechoslovak government. The principle of pre-Munich borders left control of the Czechoslovak Republic over the part of Teschen Silesia (Trans-Olza). It was more economic and strategic important than the sparsely populated mountainous terrain of Northern Spiš and Upper Orava. The local Slovak population resorted to peaceful and sometimes violent forms of protest. The Polish authorities responded with repression and discriminatory measures. Local national leaders and Slovak emigrants in the USА tried to bring the problem to the international area. Appeals, petitions and memoranda to Czechoslovak statesmen, world leaders and international institutions demanded introduction of international control in the region and realization an official plebiscite there. However, only the diplomatic protests of the Prague government against the persecution of Slovaks in the ceded territories led to a certain practical effect. The Czechoslovak-Polish treaty in 1947 cemented the existing situation, but protected the local Slovak population by granting them the rights of a national minority.