bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract A060: Expanding current decentralized research model concepts for targeted community health interventions
Authors: Crook Jennifer M. , Salinas Manisha , Fathi Parisa , Machuca Jessica Otero , Flores Emelina Asto , Albertie Monica , Stephenson Noreen , Reeves Chelsea , Odedina Folakemi
Published: January 2023

Background: Inclusion of historically underrepresented populations in research has been a problem existing for many years. The recent Covid pandemic has exposed the significant cost of gaps in access to care. There remains a need to reevaluate current research paradigm frameworks to consider tailored approaches that accommodate any location that would ease participant burden and maintain retention. Current decentralized research models include home and mobile options. However, barriers exist, and certain demographics remain elusive to recruitment into research studies. Aim: In this paper, we aim to identify a theoretical framework that will allow for more inclusivity in research. Methodology: Current utilized community-based decentralized research models are compared, barriers in recruitment and retention of interested participants are examined, and a framework individualized to study participants is offered. Results: The proposed framework expands upon the complex adaptive systems theory to incorporate community-based research which considers dividing studies into individual study visit components that may differ in location. It allows for ease of research participant access to care and mutual collaboration among providers and institutions. This new theoretical model expansion outlines a novel approach to community-based participatory research for increased representation and inclusion. Conclusion: Investigators should carefully consider creative and effective solutions to overcome barriers to research participation access, increase diversity and representation, and provide tailored public health interventions. Minimally risk study intervention visits may occur in multiple community-driven locations such as: community resource centers, local physician offices, mobile research units, remote electronic visits, home settings, and a combination of the above (hybrid model). Breaking studies into individual study visit components expands the reach of science into the communities that have long been difficult to reach.

Citation Format: Jennifer M. Crook, Manisha Salinas, Parisa Fathi, Jessica Otero Machuca, Emelina Asto Flores, Monica Albertie, Noreen Stephenson, Chelsea Reeves, Folakemi Odedina. Expanding current decentralized research model concepts for targeted community health interventions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A060.
Abstract B021: Adaptation and feasibility of a Spanish language nutrition and physical activity online intervention for rural-dwelling Latinos with obesity-related chronic diseases
Authors: Ceballos Rachel M. , Cobos Sofia , Rillamas-Sun Eileen , Sanchez Oscar , Ceja Jayleen , Ibarra Genoveva , Silverman Allison , Guthrie Katherine , Greenlee Heather
Published: January 2023

Methods of providing nutrition and physical activity (PA) education for individuals with obesity-related chronic illnesses can be difficult to address in a primarily agricultural region where seasonal work schedules, limited medical resources, and geographical distances are significant barriers. To examine the feasibility of a program using online live Zoom-delivered sessions and text messaging in such a setting, we adapted an evidence-informed in-person intervention previously shown to be effective in urban Latino cancer survivors. Nineteen Spanish-speaking Latino women and one man were recruited to a single-arm intervention. Over 3-months, the intervention delivered 6 biweekly 2-hour interactive sessions led by a community health educator and a trained chef plus 4 text messages per week focused on nutrition and PA. All participants were given a Fitbit for self-monitoring PA and access to the Cook for Your Life bilingual website, which provides health recipes for cancer survivors. Preliminary assessments occurred using a pre-post study design. Sixty-five percent of the sample completed at least half of the sessions, 95% completed the data collection and found the check-in phone calls somewhat or very helpful. 100% indicated the live interactive educational sessions and the text messages were somewhat or very helpful. Eighty-four percent of participants found the FitBits and 63% found the website useful. Preliminary outcomes, significant lessons learned, and adaptations implemented accommodate the rural setting and online format, insights gained by participants during an exit interview, and implications for future research such as the exclusive use of smart phones to engage in the intervention, will be discussed.

Citation Format: Rachel M. Ceballos, Sofia Cobos, Eileen Rillamas-Sun, Oscar Sanchez, Jayleen Ceja, Genoveva Ibarra, Allison Silverman, Katherine Guthrie, Heather Greenlee. Adaptation and feasibility of a Spanish language nutrition and physical activity online intervention for rural-dwelling Latinos with obesity-related chronic diseases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B021.
Abstract B055: Health literacy, health numeracy, and cancer screening patterns in the Zuni Pueblo: Insights from and limitations of “standard” questions
Authors: Cartwright Kate , Leekity Samantha , Sheche Judith , Kanda Deborah , Kosich Mikaela , Gonya Madison , Edwardson Nicholas , Pankratz V. Shane , Mishra Shiraz I.
Published: January 2023

American Indians (AIs) experience disparities in cancer screening, stage at disease diagnoses, and 5-year cancer survival. This study investigates how health literacy and health numeracy may be linked to cancer screening behaviors of Zuni Pueblo members using a survey exploring cancer screening behaviors related to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. As part of a larger community-based cancer-prevention project, Zuni Health Initiative staff conducted surveys from October 2020 through April 2021 for a total of 280 participants (men ages 50-75 and women ages 21-75) from the Zuni community. The project is in collaboration with the Pueblo of Zuni and has received research approval from the Zuni Pueblo Tribal Council, the Southwest Tribal IRB, and UNM Health Sciences Center IRB. Bivariate and multivariable analyses investigated associations between health literacy/numeracy measures and cancer screening behaviors. Bivariate analyses showed some associations between distinct measures of health literacy/numeracy and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, including both colonoscopy (health literacy) and fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) (health numeracy), as well as cervical cancer screening (health literacy). There were no statistically significant associations between health literacy/numeracy measures and mammogram screening for breast cancer. In multivariable analyses, there were no consistent patterns between health literacy/numeracy and screening for any cancer. There are some individual findings worth noting, such as statistically significant findings for health numeracy and FOBT (those reporting lower health numeracy were less likely to report FOBT). An important finding of this study is that questions used to assess health literacy/numeracy did not identify associations aligned with previous research. We reflect on the ways the “standard” questions may not be sufficiently tailored to the Zuni experience and may contribute to health equity barriers.

Citation Format: Kate Cartwright, Samantha Leekity, Judith Sheche, Deborah Kanda, Mikaela Kosich, Madison Gonya, Nicholas Edwardson, V. Shane Pankratz, Shiraz I. Mishra. Health literacy, health numeracy, and cancer screening patterns in the Zuni Pueblo: Insights from and limitations of “standard” questions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B055.
Abstract B059: An evidence-based sexual health education program to reduce STI and teen pregnancy rates in Philadelphia
Authors: Merceir Ra'Ann , Truehart Jade , Bhimla Aisha , Tan Yin , Sileo Jane , Zhu Lin , Wang Min Qi , Liao Sabrina , Trout Julia , Nigam Priya , Kim Ellen , Bogan Aimee , Ma Grace X.
Published: January 2023

Background: Approximately 25% of Philadelphia's sexually transmitted infections (STI) cases are among teens aged 15-19. Furthermore, there are increased rates of teen pregnancy in Philadelphia compared to other Pennsylvania counties. Lack of comprehensive sexual health education can leave youth vulnerable to various STIs and teen pregnancy. Proud Teens of Philly (PTOP) is a comprehensive sexual health education program for youth aged 12-19 to promote healthy choices and ultimately reduce sexual health disparities in Philadelphia. Methods: Participants were recruited from a network of partner sites such as public and charter schools, churches, and community-based organizations to attend eight 1-hour virtual synchronous sessions. An evidence-based comprehensive curriculum, Making Proud Choices (MPC), which aims to reduce risky behaviors was utilized. Pre- and post-surveys that examine intention to have sex, perceived susceptibility to STIs/HIV, and attitudes toward sex, condom use, and STIs were administered to 246 youth. Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate changes before and after the program. Results: There were significant increases in positive attitudes towards condom use (pre=26.54, post=27.73, t=-2.18, p=0.03), more negative attitudes towards STIs/HIV (pre=7.62, post=6.65, t=5.22, p<0.001), and increased perceived susceptibility towards contracting STIs/HIV following the intervention (pre=4.41, post=5.39, t=-2.84, p<0.01). PTOP has successfully linked students to various local adolescent health clinics to bring resources directly to the students. An important lesson learned is the need for diverse facilitators to represent the diverse student populations we serve. Conclusion: The PTOP program was effective in promoting positive attitude towards condom use and STIs/HIV prevention behaviors. Its impact also expanded to teen advocacy and community capacity building. The systems thinking approach has shown to be critical in achieving sustainable changes in this high-risk population.

Citation Format: Ra'Ann Merceir, Jade Truehart, Aisha Bhimla, Yin Tan, Jane Sileo, Lin Zhu, Min Qi Wang, Sabrina Liao, Julia Trout, Priya Nigam, Ellen Kim, Aimee Bogan, Grace X. Ma. An evidence-based sexual health education program to reduce STI and teen pregnancy rates in Philadelphia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B059.
Abstract B067: Trend and factors associated with mothers’ refusal of HBV birth dose to their infants, 2018-2020, Washington metropolitan areas
Authors: Juon Hee-Soon , Sheler Donna , Pan Jane , Le Daisy , Yang Tony
Published: January 2023

Background. Vertical transmission of HBV is the leading mode of acquisition of the infection worldwide. Prevention of vertical transmission is possible in the majority of cases through the correct administration of the birth dose of HBV vaccine to the neonate. The purpose of this study to examine the trend and factors associated with mothers’ refusal of HBV birth dose to their infants in 2018-2020 in the targeted region. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of electronic birth dose vaccination of newborns in the 2018-2020. Six birthing facilities and home delivery records sent the birth dose data to the DC Health Department, representing 40,269 newborns. This data from the DC health department has mother’s race and ethnicity, health insurance type, birthing facilities, and mother’s refusal to give her newborn birth dose. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results. A total of 34,509 (85.7%) received hepatitis B birth dose within 12 hours or discharge from the facility. Mother’s refusal rate to give her newborn has been significantly decreased from 2018 to 2020 (11.5% in 2018, 8.6% in 2019, and 4.2% in 2020, p<.001). There were racial/ethnic differences in the HepB birth dose rates: Asian newborns (90.4%) had the highest vaccination rate followed by Hispanics (88.7%), Whites (86.1%), and African Americans (84.4%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, race, birthing facility, and health insurance were associated with mother’s refusal. African American mothers (aOR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.39) and those with home birth (aOR=4.12, 95% CI: 2.96-5.74) had high likelihood to refuse having birth dose. Those with Medicaid were less likely to refuse than those with private insurance (aOR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Discussion. Our study indicated that the overall mother’s refusal to give HepB birth dose vaccination rate has decreased in the past 3 years. A policy for universal vaccination of all newborns (regardless of mother’s HBsAg status) should be implemented to prevent unrecognized perinatal transmission.

Citation Format: Hee-Soon Juon, Donna Sheler, Jane Pan, Daisy Le, Tony Yang. Trend and factors associated with mothers’ refusal of HBV birth dose to their infants, 2018-2020, Washington metropolitan areas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B067.
Abstract B129: Workplace accommodations during and after prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Sandberg Joanne C. , Owens Otis L.
Published: January 2023

This study was designed to examine the modifications and accommodations African-American and White prostate cancer survivors experience at their workplaces during and following radiation therapy or a prostatectomy. Approximately 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although the average age at time of prostate cancer diagnosis is 66, the substantial number of younger men diagnosed results in large number of men facing treatment during their working years. African-American men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer; understanding their experiences is therefore particularly vital. Forty-five prostate cancer survivors who had undergone radiation therapy or a prostatectomy within the past 6-36 months, had worked within one month prior to treatment initiation, and had expected to be working six months in six months participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews about their experiences at work prior to, during, and after treatment. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and systematically analyzed. Twenty of the participants were African-American men and 25 were White men, and their mean age was 61. Most men were able to receive accommodations to address their needs in addition to time off for treatment and recovery if needed. These accommodations included temporarily changing their jobs duties so that they could focus on tasks that eliminated or reduced the most physically demanding aspects of their jobs such lifting heavy objects, performing tasks that could be conducted while seated, and reducing work-related travel. Working from home, reducing their work hours, and taking breaks during the work day also benefited some survivors. Although rare, a man who experienced difficulty meeting the physical demands of his job lacked accommodations and was afraid to request any due to his concern that he would lose his job. Men who lacked access to conveniently placed bathrooms used creative strategies. The move to have employees working at home and eliminating or reducing work-related travel due to the COVID-19 enabled some workers to forgo some accommodations they would have otherwise required. Variation in experience by race will be addressed. The needs of and workplace accommodations provided to prostate cancer survivors undergoing and recovering from prostate cancer treatment vary widely. Increased attention to their needs and strategies to address them could enable prostate cancer survivors to be better prepared for work-related challenges.

Citation Format: Joanne C. Sandberg, Otis L. Owens. Workplace accommodations during and after prostate cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B129.
Abstract C022: Treatment of a Black American lung cancer cell line harboring KRAS mutations with polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors reveals effects on the MAP kinase signaling pathway, cell migration and apoptosis
Authors: Gregory Matthew D. , Puente Pablo E. , Belony Nadine L. , Lazarte Jassy Mary S. , Tawfeeq Nada , Huang Yong , Offringa Ite A. , Lamango Nazarius S.
Published: January 2023

KRAS mutations are the most common oncogenic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma in Black Americans. Polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs) constitute a group of cancer therapy agents designed to specifically disrupt and suppress hyperactive G protein signaling, such as that triggered by RAS mutations. Here we determine the effects of PCAIs on the viability, G-proteins levels, downstream mediators, and apoptosis-related proteins on the KRAS-mutant, Black American-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H23. Of the 17 PCAIs tested, compounds NSL-YHJ-2-27 and NSL-YHJ-2-46 showed the most potency with EC50 values of 2.7 and 3.3 µM, respectively. To determine the effect of the PCAIs on the levels of Mitogen-Activated Pathway Kinase (MAPK)-related enzymes, western blot analysis was performed. After 48 hours exposure to 5 μM of the compounds, 57 to 150% increases of BRAF, ERK1/2, MEK1/2, and p90RSK phosphorylation along with a 60 to 78% decrease of pCRAF were observed, indicating significant disruptions in RAS signaling. Furthermore, 5 μM of NSL-YHJ-2-27 depleted the singly polyisoprenylated monomeric G-proteins RAC 1/2/3 and CDC42 by 77 and 76%, respectively. The depletion of these key cytoskeletal proteins may account for the observed 52 and 42% reduction in cell migration after 24 h exposure to NSL-YHJ-2-27 and NSL-YHJ-2-46, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect PCAIs on caspase activation necessary for the initiation of apoptosis. After treatment with 5 μM of NSL-YHJ-2-27, full-length inactive caspase 3 and 7 levels dropped by 72 and 60%, while cleaved active caspase 3 and 7 levels increased by 274 and 130%, respectively. Treatment with 5 μM of NSL-YHJ-2-46 depleted full-length caspase 7 by 53% and increased cleaved active caspase 3 levels by 83%. These findings clearly show the direct effects of the PCAIs on the RAS signaling pathway, perhaps through the activation of proapoptotic isoforms of p90RSK. These results support the potential use of the PCAIs to serve as targeted therapies in cancers harboring RAS mutations.

Citation Format: Matthew D. Gregory, Pablo E. Puente, Nadine L. Belony, Jassy Mary S. Lazarte, Nada Tawfeeq, Yong Huang, Ite A. Offringa, Nazarius S. Lamango. Treatment of a Black American lung cancer cell line harboring KRAS mutations with polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors reveals effects on the MAP kinase signaling pathway, cell migration and apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C022.
Abstract C027: miRNA-214-5P regulates RAD51, a biomarker for aggressive disease and racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Acharya Ganesh , Mani Chinnadurai , Manne Upender , Palle Komaraiah
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the deadliest cancers in women. Among various subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and hard to treat subtype of breast cancer because it is highly metastatic and lacks targeted therapies. The death rate from BC is higher among African American (AA) women than among women of other races and ethnicities. The higher incidences of TNBCs and their aggressive growth in young AA women contributing to higher death rates indicate a biological basis for this difference. Thus, it is imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms that contribute to aggressive tumor growth in AA women, identify biomarkers to select patients who will respond to existing therapies, and develop effective therapeutics to reduce this disparity. Our previous findings showed that the DNA repair protein, RAD51, is overexpressed in AA TNBC patients and correlates with a poor prognosis relative to European American (EA) TNBC patients. However, the exact mechanism behind the regulation of RAD51 has not been identified. Our miRNA seq analysis shows a list of downregulated miRNAs in AA TNBC cell lines compared to EA TNBC cell lines. Interestingly, the miRDB-MicroRNA Target Prediction Database predicted that miR-214-5P has the seed sequence to bind and degrade RAD51 mRNA. Analysis of the TCGA database by UALCAN portal also shows a decreased expression of miR-214-5P in AA TNBC patients compared to EA TNBC patients. Treating the AA TNBC cell lines with miR-214-5P mimic downregulates RAD51 expression in a cell cycle-independent manner and also induces HR-deficiency as measured by Dr-GFP assay. Based on these results, we designed a synergistic lethality-based combination of miR-214-5P and Olaparib in TNBC cells. Data from our preclinical evaluations show miR-214-5P and Olaparib cause increased DNA strand breaks, and synergistic TNBC cell lethality compared to individual treatments. Together, our data indicate that miR-214-5P regulates RAD51 and either of these genes could be biomarkers for aggressive TNBC and racial disparity in BC therapeutic outcomes.

Citation Format: Ganesh Acharya, Chinnadurai Mani, Upender Manne, Komaraiah Palle. miRNA-214-5P regulates RAD51, a biomarker for aggressive disease and racial disparities in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C027.
Abstract IA013: Disparities in uterine cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Clarke Megan A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Hysterectomy-corrected uterine cancer incidence rates increased have increased by about 1% per year in the U.S. from 2003-2015, with the sharpest increases observed among Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asian, and non-Hispanic Black women, respectively. These increases have been primarily related to rates of aggressive non-endometrioid subtypes, which have been increasing among all women and are particularly high among Non-Hispanic Black women. Non-Hispanic Black women also have substantially lower survival, irrespective of stage at diagnosis or histologic subtype. To follow-up on these findings, we conducted an incidence-based mortality analysis to evaluate subtype- and stage-specific uterine cancer mortality rates by race and ethnicity. Methods: We used the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-18 Incidence-Based Mortality database, with hysterectomy correction based on hysterectomy prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We included uterine cancer deaths occurring between 2010-2017 among cases diagnosed between 2000-2017. Uncorrected and corrected mortality rates were age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population and expressed per 100,000 person-years according to tumor histology, stage at diagnosis, and race and ethnicity. Annual percent changes in rates were calculated using log-linear regression. Results: There were 16,797 uterine cancer deaths between 2010-2017, corresponding to a hysterectomy-corrected mortality rate of 15.7 per 100,000 person-years. Rates were highest among Blacks, overall, by histologic subtype, and stage at diagnosis. Among all women, uterine cancer mortality rates increased significantly by 1.8% per year from 2010-2017, as did rates of non-endometrioid carcinomas (2.7%), with the sharpest increases occurring among Hispanics (6.7%), followed by Blacks (3.5%), Asians (3.4%), and Whites (1.5%). In contrast, endometrioid carcinoma mortality rates remained stable over time. Conclusions: The underlying causes for the significant increase of non-endometrioid uterine carcinoma mortality rates, aligning with recent incidence trends, are not understood. Collectively, our findings underscore the importance of understanding the factors that contribute to the remarkable rise in non-endometrioid carcinoma incidence among all women, and the disproportionately higher incidence of these subtypes among Black women. We intend to follow-up these findings in our clinical study, DETECT, in collaboration with the University of Alabama Birmingham.

Citation Format: Megan A. Clarke. Disparities in uterine cancer incidence and mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA013.
Abstract IA017: Two-row wampum & Indigenous cancer care services: Building respectful parallels of sovereignty along the cancer care continuum.
Authors: Haring Rodney
Published: January 2023

Quality-improvement (QI) roundtables collected shared voice of Indigenous and non-Indigenous cancer care providers working in and around ancestrally related Native Nations—Canada—USA. Findings were coupled with triangulated, aggregated, and de-identified Centers for Disease Control, Indian Health Services, and New York state information. Collectively, results spoke to the journey of Indigenous communities across the cancer care continuum, translating QI initiatives into community change via Indigenous patient navigation services wrapped in a framework of historical Wampum agreements between Indigenous Nations, Canada, and the United States. Outcomes discuss building cancer care collectives, translational QI methods towards in-person and virtual health care, and innovative grass-roots partnerships towards creative community outreach, engagement, and education. A short video documenting this QI journey was co-created with Indigenous film makers and US-based cancer center media and will be screened.

Citation Format: Rodney Haring. Two-row wampum & Indigenous cancer care services: Building respectful parallels of sovereignty along the cancer care continuum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA017.
Abstract IA033: The impact of race, ethnicity, culture, and well-being among childhood cancer survivors and their parent caregivers
Authors: Ochoa Carol Y.
Published: January 2023

The number of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has increased over the past 30 years due to improvements in the treatment of cancers affecting this population; however, most CCS experience late adverse effects from their cancer treatment. In many cases, when a child is diagnosed with cancer, parents serve as primary caregivers throughout their child's cancer journey by providing them with medical, informational, and emotional support. Even when CCS become young adults, parents often remain involved with medical care and help CCS transition from pediatric to adult-focused survivorship care. Unfortunately, the proportion of young adult CCS engaged in survivorship follow-up care rapidly declines with increasing age and time since treatment. Disengagement in follow-up care results in inadequate medical surveillance for late effects and a missed opportunity for survivorship-focused care, including psychosocial screening and supportive care referral. The decline in long-term follow-up care is multifactorial and includes patient, provider, and system-related barriers to care. This session will present a brief overview of CCS and parents from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds who experience significant health disparities, including inequities in cancer treatment and access to care compared to non-Hispanic whites. This session will also highlight the work from the Center for Young Adult Cancer Survivorship Research; a dual institutional center focused on survivorship care and quality of life among multi-ethnic survivors (predominantly Hispanic). Recent research examining racial/ethnic disparities included other related factors such as socioeconomic status, language preference, nativity, and acculturation, which provided insight into how to best address these multifactorial aspects of racial/ethnic disparities in this population. Lastly, this session will review a recent report by Mobley et al., 2021 that described systematic barriers to CCS survivorship care and discussed new opportunities to address these health care barriers.

Citation Format: Carol Y. Ochoa. The impact of race, ethnicity, culture, and well-being among childhood cancer survivors and their parent caregivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA033.
Abstract IA046: Mechanistic targets and strategies to break the obesity-cancer link
Authors: Coleman Michael F.
Published: January 2023

Obesity promotes the incidence and progression of many cancers including breast cancer. Mechanisms underpinning obesity-driven breast cancer that could be harnessed to intercept this deleterious relationship are not completely understood. Here we apply multi-omics analysis of tumor and adipose to delineate candidate mediators underlying the procancer effects of obesity, and anticancer effects of weight loss, in a mouse model of obesity-driven breast cancer. We modeled bariatric surgery and nonsurgical weight loss in obese C57BL/6NCrl mice fed a high-fat diet (60 kcal% fat) using vertical sleeve gastrectomy or a sham surgery paired with (i) dietary weight loss via ad libitum low-fat diet (10 kcal% fat), (ii) 30% chronic calorie restriction, or (iii) intermittent calorie restriction. Once weight loss stabilized, mammary tumors were induced by orthotopic transplantation of E0771 cells, a model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While bariatric surgery and a switch to low-fat diet were each moderately effective at reducing tumor mass, chronic and intermittent calorie restriction regimens were each highly effective in reducing tumor burden. Tumor transcriptomic analysis using gene set enrichment analysis revealed that weight loss interventions reversed obesity-associated immunosuppression. Mediation analysis identified weight loss and fat mass loss as significant mediators of the reduced tumor mass seen in all interventions. Integration of adipose transcriptomics and reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing identified NFKB1, FXR1, and BACH1 as regulators overrepresented in differentially methylated genes, and conserved with predicted regulators of transcriptional remodeling in human adipose tissue following bariatric surgery. These data indicate that weight loss through dietary and surgical means promotes antitumor immunity, in part via remodeling of tumor adjacent adipose tissue. We have identified several candidate mediators of adipose remodeling that may underpin the antitumor effects of bariatric surgery, and these mediators represent potential mechanism-based targets for future interventions.

Citation Format: Michael F. Coleman. Mechanistic targets and strategies to break the obesity-cancer link [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA046.
Did the Use of Minimum Interventions for Caries Management Change during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Souza Tainá Fontes de , Martins Mariana Leonel , Jural Lucas Alves , Maciel Isadora Passos , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Coqueiro Raildo da Silva , Pithon Matheus Melo , Leal Soraya Coelho , Fonseca-Gonçalves Andréa , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the frequency of use of minimum intervention (MI) techniques for caries management during the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was applied through the SurveyMonkeyTM platform to evaluate changes in the dentist’s frequency of use of noninvasive, microinvasive, minimally invasive, and mixed interventions, nonaerosol or aerosol productive, to manage dental caries before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Differences in the use of MI techniques were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, and the effect size (ES) was calculated. An α = 0.05 was adopted. A total of 781 dentists answered the questionnaire; most of them were female (76.4%), with 30s (76.4%), graduated over 10–24 years ago (38%) in public dental schools (62%), graduated in southwest of Brazil (38%), that work in clinical environment (66.8%) and in private jobs (53.4%). During COVID-19, among the sample, 91 respondents were not working. In relation to the noninvasive techniques, only the use of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.01; ES = 0.11). The frequency of sealants to repair defective restorations was the only microinvasive technique that increased during the pandemic (p < 0.01; ES = 0.03). Among the minimally invasive techniques, the use of atraumatic restorative treatment increased significantly (p < 0.01; ES = 0.06), while the use of air abrasion decreased (p = 0.02; ES = 0.04) during COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, nonrestorative cavity control (mixed intervention) increased during pandemic period (p < 0.001; ES = 0.11). Although the results demonstrated differences in the use of some procedures, a very small magnitude of the effect was perceived, demonstrating that the influence of COVID-19 pandemic was very little, if any, in the use of MI techniques for caries management. Moreover, the use of MI strategies was already well established between Brazilian dentists before the pandemic period.
Prognostic Value of Amniotic Fluid Viral Load to Predict Adverse Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Mappa Ilenia , D’Antonio Francesco , Khalil Asma , De Vito Marika , Alameddine Sara , Capannolo Giulia , di Mascio Daniele , Rizzo Giuseppe ,   on behalf of ENSO group
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to report the prognostic value of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral load in the amniotic fluid (AF) in predicting the outcome of infected pregnancies. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study involving 11 Italian referral centers from 2012 to 2021 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were fetuses with confirmed congenital CMV infection. The primary outcome was the prognostic value accuracy of CMV quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in AF in predicting the risk of additional anomalies detected either at follow-up ultrasound or fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The secondary outcome was prediction of postnatal clinical symptoms related to CMV infection. Multivariate logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: 104 fetuses were included. Associated anomalies detected at follow-up ultrasound or fetal MRI were detected in 14.4% of cases (15/104). Mean AF CMV viral load was significantly higher in fetuses with additional anomalies compared to those without additional anomalies at follow-up ultrasound or fetal MRI (3,346,634.27 ± 402,582.95 vs. 761,934 ± 222513,2 p < 0.001). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, CMV AF viral load was independently associated with the presence of additional anomalies at follow-up ultrasound or MRI, with an OR of 1.07 (p = 0.010), while maternal age (p = 0.24), trimester at maternal infection (p = 0.97), and type of infection (primary vs. non-primary) (p = 0.12) were not. CMV AF viral load had AUC of 0.755 for the occurrence of anomalies due to CMV infection, with an optimal cut-off point of >1,310,520 copies/mL, a sensitivity of 66.7%, a specificity of 84.3%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 4.24. Once excluding fetuses with anomalies at ultrasound or MRI, the diagnostic performance of qPCR in identifying fetuses with symptomatic infection after birth was low, with an AUC of 0.586. Conclusion: CMV viral load at second trimester amniocentesis has a moderate accuracy for the occurrence of CMV-related anomalies in fetuses with congenital infection and normal ultrasound at the initial diagnosis. Conversely, prediction of symptomatic infection is low.
Cancer Therapy–Related Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cohen Jordana B. , Brown Nancy J. , Brown Sherry-Ann , Dent Susan , van Dorst Daan C.H. , Herrmann Sandra M. , Lang Ninian N. , Oudit Gavin Y. , Touyz Rhian M. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; and Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
Published: January 2023

Contemporary anticancer drugs have significantly improved cancer survival at the expense of cardiovascular toxicities, including heart disease, thromboembolic disease, and hypertension. One of the most common side effects of these drugs is hypertension, especially in patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors. Adjunctive therapy, including corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, as well as anti-androgen hormone therapy for prostate cancer, may further increase blood pressure in these patients. Cancer therapy–induced hypertension is often dose limiting, increases cardiovascular mortality in cancer survivors, and is usually reversible after interruption or discontinuation of treatment. The exact molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension are unclear, but recent discoveries indicate an important role for reduced nitric oxide generation, oxidative stress, endothelin-1, prostaglandins, endothelial dysfunction, increased sympathetic outflow, and microvascular rarefaction. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor receptors are implicated in vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor–induced hypertension. Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of cancer therapy–induced hypertension follow national hypertension guidelines because evidence-based clinical trials specifically addressing patients who develop hypertension as a result of cancer therapy are currently lacking. Rigorous baseline assessment of patients before therapy is started requires particular emphasis on assessing and treating cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension management follows guidelines for the general population, although special attention should be given to rebound hypotension after termination of cancer therapy. Management of these complex patients requires collaborative care involving oncologists, cardiologists, hypertension specialists, primary care professionals, and pharmacists to ensure the optimal therapeutic effect from cancer treatment while minimizing competing cardiovascular toxicities.
Species of Wadicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae): transfer of four species from Africa currently placed in Pardosa
Authors: KRONESTEDT TORBJÖRN
Published: January 2023

Pardosa enucleata Roewer, 1959, P. mabweana Roewer, 1959, P. manubriata Simon, 1898, and P. sordidecolorata (Strand, 1906) are redescribed and illustrated. The male of P. enucleata (erroneously described previously as P. manubriata) and that of P. mabweana are described here for the first time. Arguments are provided for transferring these four species to Wadicosa Zyuzin, 1985. W. enucleata comb. nov., W. mabweana comb. nov. and W. manubriata comb. nov. constitute a monophyletic group which shares a unique configuration of the embolus in the males as well as paired structures of a specific texture associated with the spermathecae in the females. W. enucleata and W. manubriata both have a wide distribution in southern Africa, the northernmost record of the former being in Ivory Coast, Togo, and the Central African Republic, and that of W. manubriata in the DR Congo. W. mabweana was originally described on material from DR Congo and is here reported also from Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Namibia. W. sordidecolorata comb. nov. was originally described from Ethiopia, and is here reported also from Uganda, Cameroon, and Ivory Coast. Pardosa darolii (Strand, 1906) syn. nov. is recognized as a junior synonym to Wadicosa sordidecolorata.
1.1. The Food Systems Approach
Authors: Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Meyer Alexa
Published: January 2023

The first part of the book is dedicated to a presentation of the concept and characteristics of current food systems and the challenges arising from climate change, globalization and demographic trends leading to changes in dietary patterns. The concept of food systems is built on the idea that what people eat is not only determined by food production alone and that food consumption also has effects on production. The food system includes the entire food chain, starting with agricultural production, through transportation and retail, to consumption and waste disposal. It also considers the impact on and the interaction with other systems like the environment and socioeconomic aspects. Ideally, food systems enable easy access and availability of healthy, wholesome food to everyone while at the same time limiting negative effects on the environment and providing sufficient incomes to food growers and producers. Thus, approaches aiming at a healthier and more sustainable food system have to take the interactions between the different components of the system into account.
1.3 Food Waste and Losses and Water Use
Authors: Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Meyer Alexa
Published: January 2023

The unsustainability of the food system is particularly driven by the large amounts of food loss and waste and the high use and pollution of water, which have a large share in the ecological footprint of food production. This chapter discusses some of the causes of loss and waste in different regions, and their impacts.
2.1 Undernourishment in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Meyer Alexa
Published: January 2023

The second part of the book gives an overview of the nutritional situation in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. This chapter is dedicated to undernourishment that manifests in many ways. Low birth weight as well as wasting, stunting and underweight in children under 5 years are particularly common in low-income countries of the region and those hit by crises and armed conflicts. On average, stunting caused by deficiencies of certain micronutrients and/or protein is observed in more than a quarter of the pre-school children of the region.
3.4 Reformulating Food Products
Authors: Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Meyer Alexa
Published: January 2023

Another approach to making healthy foods more readily available is presented in chapter 3.4: the reformulation of recipes of products that are major sources of nutrients whose intake should be limited like salt, sugar and trans fatty acids (TFAs). Indeed, high intake of salt and TFAs is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and certain cancer types, and the efficiency of reformulation to reduce salt and fat intake and their negative health effects is supported by a number of studies, some of which date back to the 1970s. The advantage of this measure is that consumption habits do not have to be changed. Initiatives have been taken all over the world to reduce the intake of salt and TFAs. In the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, policies for salt and TFA reduction have been implemented or a planned in fourteen countries, respectively. To support member states in this approach, WHO issued the SHAKE Technical Package for salt reduction and the REPLACE action framework for the elimination of TFAs. The first step should always be an assessment of the intake of salt or TFAs followed by setting targets for the allowed contents in foods. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, most countries have done so for salt in bread and for TFAs in cooking fats and oils. Monitoring studies showed some successes but also a need for better enforcement of policies. Moreover, such actions have to be implemented by more countries.
Toward a Numerical Benchmark for Warm Rain Processes
Authors: Hill Adrian A. , Lebo Zachary J. , Andrejczuk Miroslaw , Arabas Sylwester , Dziekan Piotr , Field Paul , Gettelman Andrew , Hoffmann Fabian , Pawlowska Hanna , Onishi Ryo , Vié Benoit
Published: January 2023

The Kinematic Driver-Aerosol (KiD-A) intercomparison was established to test the hypothesis that detailed warm microphysical schemes provide a benchmark for lower-complexity bulk microphysics schemes. KiD-A is the first intercomparison to compare multiple Lagrangian cloud models (LCMs), size bin-resolved schemes, and double-moment bulk microphysics schemes in a consistent 1D dynamic framework and box cases. In the absence of sedimentation and collision–coalescence, the drop size distributions (DSDs) from the LCMs exhibit similar evolution with expected physical behaviors and good interscheme agreement, with the volume mean diameter (Dvol) from the LCMs within 1%–5% of each other. In contrast, the bin schemes exhibit nonphysical broadening with condensational growth. These results further strengthen the case that LCMs are an appropriate numerical benchmark for DSD evolution under condensational growth. When precipitation processes are included, however, the simulated liquid water path, precipitation rates, and response to modified cloud drop/aerosol number concentrations from the LCMs vary substantially, while the bin and bulk schemes are relatively more consistent with each other. The lack of consistency in the LCM results stems from both the collision–coalescence process and the sedimentation process, limiting their application as a numerical benchmark for precipitation processes. Reassuringly, however, precipitation from bulk schemes, which are the basis for cloud microphysics in weather and climate prediction, is within the spread of precipitation from the detailed schemes (LCMs and bin). Overall, this intercomparison identifies the need for focused effort on the comparison of collision–coalescence methods and sedimentation in detailed microphysics schemes, especially LCMs.