bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Contamination of Toothbrush Heads: A Comparative Study between Conventional Plastic and Bamboo Toothbrush – An In vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Agarwal Srishti , Chakraborty Richik , Modak Jayaditya , Manohar Balaji , Panigrahi Kumudini , Bhuvaneshwari S
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Toothbrushes are one of the most essential tools to maintain oral health. It has gone through several developmental phases. In ancient times, the brushes were made up of bamboo, but currently, we use nylon brushes. Bamboo brushes were thought to harbour more microorganisms. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate and compare microbial contamination between plastic and bamboo toothbrush heads under different storage environments (room and washroom with attached toilet).

Materials and Methods:

Plastic and bamboo toothbrushes were divided into two equal groups (26 each), which were further subdivided equally (13 each) and placed in a room and a washroom with an attached toilet. All the toothbrushes were washed twice a day for 1 min and placed back. A toothbrush from each subgroup was then transported to a laboratory in a sterile condition. Microbiological evaluation of the toothbrush heads was carried out every week for up to 12 weeks.

Results:

The maximum bacterial growth was observed in bamboo-headed toothbrushes stored in the washroom with an attached toilet. This may be attributed to the build-up of water from bristles to the toothbrush head and the moist environment of the washroom, promoting microbial growth. The most common microorganisms observed in the samples includedEscherichia coli,Klebsiellaspecies,Pseudomonasspecies,Enterobacterspecies,Enterococcusspecies andStaphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:

Microbial contamination of toothbrushes holds relevance not only for oral health but also for general health, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study demonstrates the need for improving toothbrush storage practices, as open storage either in washrooms with attached toilets harbours microorganisms.
Comparison of the Surface Abrasion Produced by Two Different Bristle Materials – An In vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Chakraborty Richik , Modak Jayaditya , Agarwal Srishti , Manohar Balaji , Ukamanal Manoj , Bhuvaneshwari S
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Gingival, periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most prevalent diseases of the oral cavity. Plaque is the main cause of these dental diseases. Plaque control is of prime importance for the maintenance of oral and dental health. The toothbrush is used very commonly for plaque control. A variety of toothbrushes are available, which are used for plaque removal. Toothbrushes cause abrasion and are significant in the development of tooth wear. This study aimed to compare the abrasion caused by a commercially available nylon bristle toothbrush to a biobased carbon-based bristle toothbrush.

Materials and Methods:

Acrylic plates were used to assess the abrasion caused by the nylon bristles and biobased carbon bristles. The surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated on a device, and the values were compared to each other.

Results:

Brushing with the biobased carbon bristle toothbrush was less abrasive than when nylon bristles were used. The nylon bristles showed a higher Ra value as compared to biobased carbon bristles.

Conclusion:

The biobased carbon bristles are less abrasive, but studies are required to compare the plaque removal capacity of such biobased carbon bristle toothbrushes.
Exploring Oral Cancer Patterns: A 5-year Retrospective Analysis of Incidence, Clinical Features, Patient Behaviour and Treatment Outcomes at the Dental Unit of a Private Medical College and Hospital in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Tiwari Aparajita , Singh Vishal
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Oral cancer is a global health challenge. In India, there is a huge burden on the healthcare system. The prevalence of oral cancer globally and in India, coupled with the specific risk factors associated with the Indian population, necessitates targeted research to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. The present study analysed 93 patients with oral cancer over 5 years to determine the incidence corresponding to different stages of the disease.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed medical records from the hospital database. The epidemiological data included age, gender, tobacco habit, duration of tobacco use, site of the lesions, stages of cancer and the treatment provided. We analysed the relationship of epidemiological characteristics with age by the Chi-square test. The statistical test significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

The incidences of oral cancer each year range from 8% to 12%. A male patient over 40 years of age was most affected by oral cancer 42 (45.16%). The most affected sites were buccal mucosa 36 (38.70%) and alveolus 33 (35.48%) amongst patients over 40 years of age. The predominant stage for the majority of cancer cases was Stage IV, accounting for 49 cases (52.68%). Additionally, the largest lesions, exceeding 4 cm in size, were observed in 64 cases (68.81%), and these instances were predominantly found in patients aged 40 years or older. Chewing tobacco emerged as a significant contributing factor to cancer, affecting 41 cases (42.08%), particularly among those with a habit duration exceeding 10 years, representing 48 cases (51.61%) in patients aged 40 years or older.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need to spread awareness of oral cancer, followed by extensive screening in India. Tobacco in India is not only used widely but also associated with cultural relevance, and it is the need of the hour to implement the tobacco policy to reach out evenly to all communities.
Pilot Study to Evaluate the Feasibility of a Patient Questionnaire for the Purpose of Investigating the Extent of Purchasing Antibiotics without a Prescription in a Rural Province in South Africa: Rationale and Implications
Authors: Sono Tiyani Milta , Maluleke Morgan Tiyiselani , Ramdas Nishana , Jelic Ana Golic , Campbell Stephen , Markovic-Pekovic Vanda , Schellack Natalie , Kumar Santosh , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna Catharina
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

There are concerns with rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries with appreciable impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. Amongst low- and middle-income countries, a key driver of AMR is the excessive use of antibiotics in ambulatory care, with a critical area being the appreciable selling of antibiotics without a prescription often driven by patient demand and limited knowledge. There is currently conflicting evidence in South Africa regarding this practice. Consequently, there is a need to explore these critical issues amongst patients, especially in more rural areas of South Africa. A pilot study was undertaken to address this.

Methods:

A two-step descriptive approach was undertaken. This involved two questionnaires amongst patients exiting chain and independent community pharmacies followed by cognitive interviews.

Results:

Overall, 21 patients were approached for an interview, including 11 for Part 1 of the questionnaire with 3 declining, and 10 for Part 2, with 2 declining. Subsequently 8 patients completed each part of the questionnaire. On average, it took 2 min 13 s to complete both parts. 3 of the 5 patients being dispensed an antibiotic were dispensed one without a prescription, with all 3 patients exiting from independent pharmacies. Key reasons for self-purchasing included money and convenience. There was mixed knowledge regarding antibiotics and AMR amongst the 8 patients interviewed with Part 2. Overall, there was a satisfactory understanding of the Part 1 questions, although some modifications were suggested. Some participants had difficulty with fully understanding the questions in Part 2, with a number of suggestions made to improve this for the main study.

Conclusion:

There were concerns with the extent of purchasing antibiotics without a prescription in this pilot study as well as the knowledge of patients regarding antibiotics and AMR. Both areas need addressing and will be explored further in the main study.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simvastatin and Double Antibiotic Paste as Intracanal Medicaments: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Shroff Manan , Brave Dexter , Rathore Vishnu Pratap Singh , Sharma Vinay , Mehta Jash , Thakkar Sachi Jiteshkumar
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Root canal debridement, irrigation and a microorganism-free environment are key factors in the success of root canal treatment. Intracanal medicaments are used to enhance root canal disinfection. Simvastatin is derived from lovastatin and is a semisynthetic medication. This study compares and evaluates the effect of simvastatin and double antibiotic paste (DAP) as an intracanal medicament in single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis using colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-eight patients with single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis were selected. Under aseptic conditions, patency was gained, sterile saline solution was deposited in the canal and the first sample (S1) was collected. Cleaning and shaping were then carried out following an appropriate technique depending on the configuration of the canal. After irrigation and biomechanical preparation, teeth were randomly assigned to two different groups, and the test intracanal medicament was applied to the root canals. Coronal openings were sealed with temporary restorative cement. The second sample (S2) was collected after 7 days. The samples obtained were checked for a reduction in the bacterial load. They were incubated aerobically for 48 h, and the CFUs were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used to analyse the results statistically.

Results:

A significant reduction in bacterial count was present after administration of the intracanal medicament. On intergroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial decrease between the two groups. Comparatively, the mean reduction in the bacterial count was higher in the DAP group.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that DAP and simvastatin were effective in the reduction of the bacterial count in single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis. However, DAP demonstrated a better performance in the reduction of bacterial counts.
Does parental perception of food allergy correlate well with skin prick test? A prospective study
Authors: Raj Arathi , Joji Prameela , Gupta Neetu
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Food allergy (FA) is being increasingly recognized in children. Correct identification of a food allergen gives the opportunity to eliminate the offending food, thus reducing allergy-associated symptoms. Ruling out FA allows parents to reintroduce the nutrient excluded based on suspicion only. The objective of the study was to find the association between “parental perception of food causing allergy” and “confirmation of the allergen by skin prick tests (SPTs)” in children. We describe the profile of FA in the Indian population.

METHODS:

In this prospective observational study, 47 children aged 4–12 years with suspected FA were subjected to SPT. We evaluated for the association between the “parental perception of foods causing allergy in their children” and the confirmation of allergen by SPT.

RESULTS:

Among the 47 children, in 20 (42.5%), FA was confirmed by SPT. Common allergens identified by SPT were shrimp, milk, egg, beef, peanut, and tuna. In our study, we had reasonable agreement (kappa > 0.6) between parental suspicion of FA and positive SPT: higher association was noted with the foods mutton, beef, and shrimp.

CONCLUSION:

In more than half of children suspected to have FA, SPT excluded the diagnosis. This helped the pediatrician and parents to reintroduce the food and avoid potential nutrient deficiencies.
Effectiveness of Peer-Led Education on Knowledge and Attitude among Adolescents regarding Road Safety
Authors: Masilamani Nightingale , Kothandan Poornima , Basker Mona M , Immanuel Shandrila G
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective:

Children and adolescents are the most vulnerable groups for road traffic injuries in India (39%). Hourly, forty youngsters die in road traffic crashes. Road safety education aims at reducing this burden. Peer-led education (PLE) is a credible approach influencing students to modify their behavior positively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PLE in terms of knowledge and attitude toward road safety among adolescents.

Methodology:

A single-group pretest–posttest design among 113 adolescents was conducted using a two-stage sampling technique. Ten selected and trained student peers provided PLE on road safety to 103 fellow students using a teaching aid. Effectiveness of PLE on knowledge and attitude was assessed pre- and postintervention.

Results:

Post PLE, the mean knowledge score of subjects increased from 10.5 to 17.5 with a significant mean difference of −6.9 (P < 0.001). The mean attitude score of subjects had increased from 46.7 to 48.1. A positive statistically significant correlation (P = 0.04) between knowledge and attitude and associations between certain sociodemographic variables were noted.

Conclusion:

Knowledge and attitude of subjects regarding road safety improved after PLE. Innovative teaching methods can be used to promote healthy behaviors among adolescents.
Touch Screen Device Usage and its Effect on Sleep among Young Children
Authors: Joseph Hepsi Bai , Sandhiya K. , Shetty Asha P
Published: March 2024

Context:

The American Academy of Pediatrics had recommended that children younger than 2 years should avoid digital media. However, in the Indian context, it was less explored.

Aims:

The study aimed to determine the relationship between touch screen device (TSD) usage and sleep of infants, toddlers.

Methodology:

Using a cross-sectional design, 76 parents of infants and toddlers attending well-baby clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India were approached, and 57 parents who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected using a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested validated tool including TSD usage pattern, the brief infant sleep questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The mean age of TSD usage was 15.6 ± 5.8 months with a mean duration of 65 ± 9.6 min/day. Mothers (51%) reported circumstances to offer TSD was feeding the child. There was a significant negative relationship between night sleep and TSD usage among children (r = −0.35, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

TSD usage time significantly affects the nighttime duration of sleep of infants and toddlers. Parents to be educated on proper usage and ill effects of TSD to prevent sleep issues.
Predictors and Pathway of Maternal Near Miss
Authors: Podder Debayan , Paul Bobby , Biswas Subhas C. , Dasgupta Aparajita , Roy Soumit , Pal Arkaprovo
Published: March 2024

Background:

Use of maternal near-miss (MNM) cases as an adjunct has been advocated to understand the processes of obstetric care because they share similar pathways as maternal deaths. Identifying the predictors and care pathway is crucial to improve the quality of care and end preventable maternal deaths.

Materials and Methods:

This case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care facility in Kolkata from May 2019 to March 2020. Women admitted with complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of postpartum, who met the World Health Organization (WHO) near-miss criteria, were identified as cases, and equivalent age-group matched controls were recruited. Sample size of 60 cases and 60 controls was estimated, assuming a power of 80%, level of significance 0.05, and case–control ratio of 1. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed written consent from the participants, data was collected through face-to-face interview and review of records. Statistical analysis including care pathway analysis (using three-delay model) was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.

Results:

Joint family type (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [CI] = 5.06 [1.48, 7.28]), lack of antenatal checkups (AOR [CI] = 7.85 [1.47, 12.09]), previous history of cesarean section (AOR [CI] = 3.94 [1.09, 14.33]), first delay in seeking care (AOR [CI] = 13.84 [3.62, 32.83]), and preexisting medical disorders (AOR [CI] = 11.03 [4.62, 22.80]) were identified as significant predictors of MNM in the adjusted model. Significant difference in the proportion of first and second delays in the care pathway was observed between cases and controls.

Conclusions:

Identification of risk factors of MNM and pattern of delays in the care pathway will help improving quality of obstetric care.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Elderly Population Residing in an Urban Area of West Bengal
Authors: Debnath Abantika , Rehman Tanveer , Ghosh Tandra , Kaur Amandeep , Ahamed Farhad
Published: March 2024

Context:

India is experiencing a rapid increase in the elderly population (aged 60 years and above) compared to the last decade. The multifactorial condition of anemia grossly influences the health-related quality of life and mortality in this age group. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among older adults residing in an urban area of West Bengal, India.

Materials and Methods:

The community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Kalyani Municipality, West Bengal, from March to April 2021. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select study participants. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured using a digital hemoglobinometer (HemoCue301), and data were collected using EpiCollect5 software.

Results:

The mean (SD) age of 457 participants was 68.9 (7.3) years with 52.1% (n = 238) being males, 71.9% (n = 329) graduates, and 64.3% (n = 294) currently married. The prevalence of anemia was 65% (95% CI: 60.4–69.3). The prevalence of mild (Hb 11–11.9 gm/dL in females and 11–12.9 gm/dL in males), moderate (Hb 8–10.9 gm/dL), and severe anemia (Hb <8 gm/dL) was 41.6%, 22.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Anemia was significantly associated with age group (P < 0.01) and sex (P < 0.01), with the highest prevalence in the 80 years and above age category (85.2%) and in females (71.2%).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of anemia is very high in older adults. There is an urgent need to include the elderly age group in the existing health programme for anemia, i.e., Anemia Mukt Bharat.
Attributes of Standard Treatment Guidelines in Clinical Settings and Public Health Facilities in India
Authors: Lahariya Chandrakant , Sharma Sangeeta , Agnani Manohar , de Graeve Hilde , Srivastava Jitnedra Nath , Bekedam Henk
Published: March 2024

Background:

Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) are time-tested tool to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. This study was done to review the available guidelines and assess their essential attributes using AGREE reporting checklist 2016.

Methods:

Publications from PubMed, World Health Organization, Global Health Regional Libraries, Index Medicus, Google, Google Scholar, and insurers, state/central government portals were searched.

Results:

In total, 241 STGs met the inclusion criteria. A range of developers with a varying focus and priorities developed these guidelines (government mostly under national programs 134 (56%); professional associations 67 (28%), academic/research institutions 36 (15%); international agencies 4 [2%]). The government-led guidelines focused on program operations (mainly infections, maternal, and childcare), whereas insurers focused on surgical procedures for protection against fraudulent intentions for claims. The available STGs varied largely in terms of development process rigor, end-user involvement, updation, applicability, etc.; 12% guidelines developed documented GRADE criteria for evidence. Most guidelines focused on the primary care, and only 27 and 7% included treatment at tertiary and secondary levels, respectively, focused on general practitioners.

Conclusion:

There is a need for coordinated, and collaborative efforts to generate evidence-based guidelines, facilitate periodic revisions, standardized development process, and the standards for monitoring embedded in the guidelines. A single designated authority for the standard treatment guidelines development and a central web-based repository with free access for clinicians/users will ensure wide access to quality guidelines enhancing acceptance and stewardship.
Incidence of Early Adverse Events Following Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccination
Authors: Velhal Gajanan D. , Kamath Yash V. , Agrawal Ansh S. , Vora Devanshi S. , Dwivedi Vaibhav R.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Minor adverse event following immunizations (AEFIs) are often underreported and self-treated. This study aimed to collect information regarding any and every probable adverse event experienced by the recipient of Covishield vaccine up to 10 days following the first and second dose of vaccine. To find the incidence of minor adverse events following Covishield vaccination; draw an association between adverse events and individuals’ demographic factors and comorbidities; and report new adverse events, if any.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive observational study was conducted among 409 participants randomly sampled from the Vaccination Centre at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai. Participants were followed up post their first and second doses to enquire about adverse events.

Results:

Most commonly reported adverse events included injection site pain, tenderness, chills, fatigue, fever, and myalgia. Females reported more adverse events compared to men (p < 0.05). Younger individuals (18–24) experienced adverse events more as compared to individuals above 40 years of age (p < 0.005). Reported adverse events were lesser after the second dose in comparison with the first dose. Few participants reported dysgeusia.

Conclusions:

Covishield vaccination has a mild AEFI profile, most commonly: injection site pain, tenderness, chills, and fatigue. It is hoped that the findings of this study will dispel anxiety around the adverse events of vaccination and reduce any persisting vaccine hesitancy. Effective communication with the population on vaccination will enable individuals to make educated and informed decisions.
A Cross-Sectional Study of First Hundred Cases of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis Admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Poswal Lakhan , Bunkar G.L. , Sharma Rupa , Jain Ashish , Samar Neera , Mathur Navneet , Singh Maninder , Kaushik Pratap Bhan
Published: March 2024

Background:

With the second wave of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Rhino Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) has emerged as an epidemic in India. Early suspicion and management can reduce disfigurement and mortality.

Objectives:

To identify the demographic and clinical profile of ROCM, its association with COVID-19 and other predisposing factors.

Methods:

Hospital Based Cross Sectional Observational study on first hundred consecutive patients with signs and symptoms and radiological findings suggestive of ROCM. Data collected from patient records and analyzed.

Results:

Out of hundred, 72 patients were Males, 74 from rural areas, all were above eighteen years age, 35 presented with orbital and 27 with facial manifestations of ROCM. Main predisposing factors were history of COVID-19 (71%), previous hospitalization (48%), in Intensive Care Unit (5%) systemic corticosteroid therapy (48%), Diabetes, uncontrolled (45%) and new (21%).

Conclusions:

ROCM presented with orbital and facial manifestations. Main predisposing factors were Diabetes, COVID-19 and systemic steroids.
Comparative evaluation of accuracy of working length determination with fifth-generation apex locator using two different techniques: An in vitro study
Authors: Monisha R , Sivakumar Andamuthu , Chittrarasu M , Sampath Sivakumar Jambai , Soundappan Saravana Priyan , Benny Reveena
Published: March 2024

Context:

Accurate working length (WL) determination is essential for successful root canal therapy.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the difference between two different techniques in locating minor constriction using fifth-generation electronic apex locator.

Settings and Design:

A detailed protocol explaining the procedures of the study was submitted to the institutional ethics committee.

Subjects and Methods:

Forty extracted human permanent canine teeth were selected. WL was measured three times for each sample by three different examiners for both the conventional and experimental techniques at different time intervals. Interexaminers were blinded to their measurements, and the person who analyzed mean value was also blinded with techniques. Finally, radiographic working length was obtained using 15 size K-file. A size 20 K-file was cemented into the measured position with glass ionomer cement. Each tooth was viewed under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The distance from the file tip to the root apex was measured and calibrated to the nearest tenth of a millimeter.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Using Stata statistical software (Version 17, Statacorp, College Station, Texas, USA). The agreement between raters and techniques was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient “ICC” and Bland–Altman plot.

Results:

The “experimental method” (0.95, 95%) showed better agreement between the raters in comparison with the “conventional method” (0.93, 95%).

Conclusions:

The experimental technique showed perfect agreement between examiners in locating the minor constriction of the apical foramen.
Mines of cytokine: A treasure trove in pulpal and periapical diseases
Authors: Chandwani Neelam D , Gedam Unnati Devanand , Deshmukh Ranjana , Dakshindas Darshan M , Shrigiriwar Manish
Published: March 2024

Pulpitis is a special disease of dental pulp. It causes localized inflammation, due to various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. These inflammatory mediators are responsible for various reparative and resorptive processes in the dental pulp. The balance between these processes ultimately determines the viability of the tooth. Due to the important properties of various inflammatory markers, the correlation of cytokinin gene expression in various stages of inflammation becomes necessary to focus on. Several studies in the past have focused on the importance of such correlation to help in diagnostic applications. The nature of these inflammatory mediators can help us in diagnostic evaluation. Several attempts have been made to focus on these associations so that it can assist in making clinical decisions effectively. The data available are vast but are the most neglected topic. This review article briefly outlines and summarizes the importance of various inflammatory mediators such as cytokinin and chemokines in various pathways of pulpal and periapical inflammation in explanatory and diagrammatic forms. Knowledge gained about pulpal inflammatory response may aid in understanding the molecular level of inflammatory pulpal and periapical diseases, which shall modify our future diagnostic modalities. Several medicaments are used in the treatment of minimal to advanced dental caries which leads to periapical infections. Thorough understanding of these medicaments can resolve secondary infection and can improve the prognosis of the treated tooth.
Antimicrobial efficacy of two commercially available herbal products with and without ultrasonic activation in primary endodontic infections: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Palwankar Drishti , Garg Ashima , Tandan Monika , Bhasin Prashant , Sachdeva Akshat , Palwankar Pooja
Published: March 2024

Background:

Effective irrigation is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. Traditional irrigants like sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) have been widely used, but there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives for their potential antimicrobial properties.

Objective:

The study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Neem, Bitter Gourd, and NaOCl, with and without ultrasonic activation in managing primary endodontic infections.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety patients were randomly assigned six groups (n = 15) Group 1: NaOCl, Group 2: NaOCl with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group 3: Neem juice, Group 4: Neem juice with PUI, Group 5: Bitter gourd juice, and Group 6: Bitter gourd juice with PUI. Bacteriological samples were collected before (S1) and after (S2) shaping, plated on brain heart infusion agar, and colony counting was done after 24 h.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey analysis, and paired t-test.

Results:

All the groups demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial count. Groups with PUI (2, 4, 6) demonstrated higher mean bacterial reduction than their counterparts without PUI (1, 3, 5).

Conclusion:

Neem and Bitter gourd juices, particularly when used with PUI, demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy comparable to NaOCl with PUI.
Polymerase chain reaction-based identification of various serotypes of Streptococcus mutans in adults with and without dental caries
Authors: Praveen Tanakanti , Kotrashetti Vijayalakshmi S. , Nayak Ramakant S. , Naik Sachita Shrikant , Bhat Kishore , Kugaji Manohar Suresh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Dental caries is a multistep process which initiates the development of plaque‚ defined as a structured biofilm containing microbial communities. Teeth provide unique surfaces for bacterial colonization. Serotypes of Streptococcus mutans implicate the development of dental caries.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and association of serotypes of S. mutans in groups with and without dental caries.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and fifty adults aged between 18 and 35 years were included in the study. Supragingival plaque samples were collected, followed by deoxyribonucleic acid extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify S. mutans and its serotypes. Proportions of S. mutans and its serotypes were correlated with caries-active (CA) and caries-free (CF) groups.

Results:

CA group showed 66.7% positivity for S. mutans and CF group showed only 42.7% of positivity. Serotype C showed a higher proportion followed by E‚ F, and K in the CA group, whereas in the CF group, higher proportion was observed with K followed by C‚ E, and F. 70.8% cases showed single serotype in the CA group and 83.3% in CF group. Multiple serotypes were seen in 29.2% in the CA group and 16.7% in the CF group.

Conclusions:

The study clearly established variation in proportions of S. mutans and its serotypes between CA and CF groups. Positive correlation was observed in the CA group for S. mutans and its serotypes.
Ten Thousand Steps Per Day: To Follow Or Not? Is There Any Role of Technology?
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Bankar Nandkishor J. , Badge Ankit K. , Mishra Vaishnavi H. , Tiwade Yugeshwari R. , Bandre Gulshan R.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Noncommunicable diseases are universal and are being reported across the world, with many diseases being gradually reported in early age groups. Physical activity has been encouraged and advocated by all medical practitioners to prevent, arrest, and delay the onset and development of complications associated with noncommunicable diseases. The concept of “Ten Thousand Steps” in a day is predominantly a goal that people aim to attain either by walking or indulging themselves in some form of moderate physical activity. Since the inception of this concept, many health and fitness experts and public health agencies have recommended the same to achieve and maintain good health. Though there are numerous health-related benefits, people might encounter a wide range of challenges preventing them from attaining the goals consistently. In conclusion, the target of meeting ten thousand steps a day is much more than mere four-digit numbers, as a wide range of benefits have been attributed to the same. Although there are some challenges, the presence of technology and devices can help people continue with their active lifestyle, with fun and active engagement.
Use of wearable technology in cardiac monitoring after cryptogenic stroke or embolic stroke of undetermined source: a systematic review
Authors: Ho Jamie SY , Ho Elizabeth SY , Yeo Leonard LL , Kong William KF , Li Tony YW , Tan Benjamin YQ , Chan Mark Y , Sharma Vijay K , Poh Kian-Keong , Sia Ching-Hui
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Prolonged cardiac monitoring after cryptogenic stroke or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is necessary to identify atrial fibrillation (AF) that requires anticoagulation. Wearable devices may improve AF detection compared to conventional management. We aimed to review the evidence for the use of wearable devices in post-cryptogenic stroke and post-ESUS monitoring.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and clinicaltrials.gov on 21 July 2022, identifying all studies that investigated the use of wearable devices in patients with cryptogenic stroke or ESUS. The outcomes of AF detection were analysed. Literature reports on electrocardiogram (ECG)-based (external wearable, handheld, patch, mobile cardiac telemetry [MCT], smartwatch) and photoplethysmography (PPG)-based (smartwatch, smartphone) devices were summarised.

Results:

A total of 27 relevant studies were included (two randomised controlled trials, seven prospective trials, 10 cohort studies, six case series and two case reports). Only four studies compared wearable technology to Holter monitoring or implantable loop recorder, and these studies showed no significant differences on meta-analysis (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–7.48, I2 = 70%). External wearable devices detected AF in 20.7% (95% CI 14.9–27.2, I2 = 76%) of patients and MCT detected new AF in 9.6% (95% CI 7.4%–11.9%, I2 = 56%) of patients. Other devices investigated included patch sensors, handheld ECG recorders and PPG-based smartphone apps, which demonstrated feasibility in the post-cryptogenic stroke and post-ESUS setting.

Conclusion:

Wearable devices that are ECG or PPG based are effective for paroxysmal AF detection after cryptogenic stroke and ESUS, but further studies are needed to establish how they compare with Holter monitors and implantable loop recorder.
Comparison of optical biometry versus ultrasound biometry in different axial length groups
Authors: Masoud Khorrami-Nejad , Farshid Babapour Mofrad , Mahsa Ranjbar-Pazooki , Heirani Mohsen , Khodaparast Mehdi , Yousefi Reza
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE:

The accuracy of optical biometry is higher than ocular ultrasound, but it is expensive and has limitations in patients with dense cataracts. On the other hand, ocular ultrasound biometry is still a frequently used technique in most developing countries due to its lower cost. Therefore, it could be helpful for practitioners to know the interchangeability of optical biometry devices with ultrasound biometry devices. This study is conducted to compare the axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) measured by ocular optical and ultrasound biometers in different AL groups.

METHODS:

This prospective consecutive study was performed on 248 eyes of 248 patients. Ocular optical biometry was performed using IOLMaster 700 (swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometry, Carl Zeiss, Germany), and the contact ultrasound biometry was carried out using the US-4000 Nidek Echoscan (Gamagori, Japan). Based on measured AL, patients were divided into three groups: the short eye (AL ≤22 mm), normal eye (22 < AL <24.5 mm), and long eye (AL ≥24.50 mm).

RESULTS:

The agreement of AL between these biometers in all, short, normal, and long eyes was 99.9%, 98.3%, 99.6%, and 99.9%, respectively. The ACD agreement between two devices in all, short, normal, and long eyes was 97.0%, 93.8%, 97.2%, and 96.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the agreement of LT between these biometers in all, short, normal, and long eyes was 74.4%, 89.2%, 66.9%, and 90.7%, respectively. There were a very strong positive correlation in AL (r = 0.999) and ACD (r = 0.947) and a good correlation in LT (r = 0.675) between these devices (all P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

AL and ACD measured by the IOLMaster 700 optical biometer can be used interchangeably with the US-4000 ultrasound biometer in different AL groups. However, LT measured by these biometers cannot be used interchangeably.
From “Decisive Hostility” to “Cordial Agreement”: “The Times” on the Evolution of Britain’s Image in Russian Press at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Antonova Lidia V.
Published: March 2024

The article deals with the reflection of the image of Britain in the analytical reviews of “The Times” newspaper on the pages of the Russian periodical press at the beginning of the 20th century.

The study covers the period from the turn of the 19th–20th centuries until 1907, when the relations between Russia and Britain transitioned from extreme tension and rivalry in different regions of the world to an alliance within the Triple Entente. At this time, the press became truly massive and exerted a stronger influence than ever on the development of international relations. One of the leading English newspapers, “The Times”, took a largely pro-government stance and reflected the official position on foreign policy issues. It regularly reviewed the publications in the Russian press concerning Anglo-Russian relationship or British politics in general.

As a result of the analysis of “The Times” reviews, it is possible to show the significance of the British political image, the dynamics of public opinion in the Russian Empire regarding a possible confrontation or Anglo-Russian rapprochement. The Russian press formed among readers a certain perception of Britain in the context of the Anglo-Boer War, the events in the Far East, the process of resolving contradictions, and the conclusion of the 1907 agreement, while the English press reflected on this image. The transformation of rhetoric in the press happened as rapidly as the changes in relations between the two powers.
COMPREENSÃO LEITORA DE LEITORES FORMADORES
Authors: Oliveira Katya Luciane de , Rosa Milena , Nascimento Monalisa Muniz , Assis Suellen Ferreira de , Cândido João Vitor Fernandez
Published: March 2024

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi explorar a compreensão leitora de estudantes universitários dos Cursos de Letras e Pedagogia, considerando a dificuldade dos itens dos testes de Cloze estudados. Participaram estudantes universitários de universidades privadas e públicas dos Estados do Paraná, Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Aplicou-se coletivamente dois textos preparados segundo a técnica de Cloze, cada um com 250 vocábulos. Os resultados evidenciaram que a compreensão leitora dos universitários participantes se encontra em níveis considerados baixos ou insuficientes dos esperados no Ensino Superior. Os dados revelam e discutem algumas lacunas na trajetória da formação do estudante universitário, inclusive apontando para a necessidade de programas interventivos de modo a remediar essas dificuldades.
FATORES DE PERSONALIDADE E DE RESILIÊNCIA COMO PREDITORES DO FUNCIONAMENTO EXECUTIVO DE ADULTOS IDOSOS
Authors: Bernardi Trevisol Mariane , Rosa de Oliveira Camila , Rossi Tainá , Balem Yates Marina , Henrique Paloski Luis , Iracema de Lima Argimon Irani , Quarti Irigaray Tatiana
Published: March 2024

O objetivo foi investigar se características de personalidade e resiliência são preditores do funcionamento executivo de adultos idosos. Participaram 40 longevos, com idade média de 75,02 anos (DP = 9,75) e escolaridade de 8,05 anos (DP = 5,61), 60% (n = 24) mulheres, recrutados por conveniência e pela técnica bola de neve. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico; Inventário de Cinco Fatores NEO Revisado (NEO-FFI-R); Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, versão reduzida (GDS-15); Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM); Escala de Resiliência; Teste dos Cinco Dígitos (FDT); tarefas de fluência verbal e Questionário Disexecutivo (DEX). Foram utilizadas análises descritivas, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla com método enter. Obtiveram-se modelos para os escores do índice flexibilidade cognitiva do FDT para as duas tarefas de fluência verbal e DEX. Quatro dos cinco fatores de personalidade foram preditores significativos para o desempenho executivo, bem como o fator Resolução de Ações e Valores da Escala de Resiliência. É possível concluir que características personalidade podem predizer funções executivas e resiliência em adultos idosos.
Pengaruh Konflik Kerja dan Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan PT PLN Up 3 Surakarta
Authors: Lestari Dian
Published: March 2024

Research objectives: (1) Analyze the influence of work conflict on employee productivity at PT. PLN UP 3 Surakarta. (2) Analyzing the influence of work-life balance on PT employee productivity. PLN UP 3 Surakarta. (3) Knowing which variables influence the productivity of PT employees. PLN UP 3 Surakarta. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a sample size of 60 respondents. The instrument used by researchers is a questionnaire. Quality testing of research instruments is validity and reliability testing. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis, while hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 23. The results of the research explain that there is a positive and significant relationship between work conflict and work-life balance on employee productivity with an R-value Square is 0.467 or 46.7%. Meanwhile, the remaining 53.3% was influenced by other variables not studied such as communication, leadership, organizational culture and work environment.
IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN LOKASI NONTON BARENG SEPAKBOLA BERBASIS ANDROID STUDI KASUS CAFE DI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Naufal Naufal , Dasawati Elis Sondang
Published: March 2024

As more and more levels of the technology that can help us on any side, we must use this advantage as good as possible. This led us to produce more applications to make a better living for human races. So is the growth of the football fans community. But on the otherhand, there are no application that exclusively provides information systems with location specific services for football fans to do match screening.To establish a Decision Support System with location-based services, the author uses a variety of theories used as areferences. Theories are information systems, databases, SQL, Java programming languages, PHP Programming languages, Android Operating System, Decision Making and Location Based Service. The application is developed with the Java-based Java programming language that can be easily accessed and run through the internet. In this research, data collection is done by doing direct observation with the culture of match screening. The system development is done using object-oriented analysis and design that can be described with Unified Modeling Language (UML).The results of this research is a Decision Making application that can be used by anyone, especially for those who are fans of football clubs and cafe owners with the match screening facility . With its uniqueness, this is can be an attraction for cafe owners who want to promote their cafe. The conclusion of this research is the application of decision making can be used as media to publish cafe with match screening facility and information of match that aired, so it can facilitate the spectators of soccer sport in order to funnel their hobby.
Keywords: Android, information system, decision making, Location Based Servise, match screening, football.
ANALISIS TRACER STUDY PROGRAM STUDI SISTEM INFORMASI DAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA PADA INSTITUT BISNIS DAN INFORMATIKA KWIK KIAN GIE PERIODE LULUSAN TAHUN 2017 – 2021
Authors: Wasito Budi , Birowo Sigit
Published: March 2024

Penelitian tracer study terhadap lulusan program studi Sistem Informasi (SI) dan Teknik Informatika (TI) bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara jelas kondisi terakhir terkait posisi bidang kerja, lama waktu tunggu alumni sejak lulus dan kesesuaian antara bidang ilmu yang didapat dengan profesi saat terakhir. Alumni dapat memberikan masukan kritis dan membangun kepada almamaternya, sehingga dari masukan tersebut dapat diketahui prosentase kesesuaian antara kurikulum pendidikan yang didapatkan saat kuliah dengan kebutuhan dunia industri. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif (qualitative research) melalui pendekatan survei mencakup tahapan: persiapan, pelaksanaan, analisis dan evaluasi. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari alumni melalui kuesioner yang terstruktur. Penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan secara online melalui link google form dan penyebaran secara langsung kepada alumni. Penyebaraan dan pengumpulan data dimulai sejak Januari s/d Juli 2022. Target sasaran adalah mahasiswa lulusan tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2021 khusus program studi SI dan TI. Dari hasil penelusuran didapat respon alumni yang memberikan jawaban hasil Tracer Study masih dibawah 50%, maka secara berkelanjutan proses Tracer Study harus terus dilakukan karena sangatlah penting memotret profil alumni dan sekaligus antisipasi pemenuhan syarat akreditasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar alumni Program Studi SI dan TI mendapatkan pekerjaan dengan masa tunggu kurang dari 1 bulan yaitu sebanyak 41% mahasiswa. Sedangkan waktu tunggu 1 bulan sebanyak 18% alumni. Dan secara berturut turut waktu tunggu 2 bulan adalah 8%, 3 bulan 5% dan diatas 4bulan adalah 28%. Tingkat kesesuaian profesi alumni terhadap bidang kerja yang ditangani adalah 73% dari sejumlah responden yang memberikan jawaban. Dan terdapat 27% alumni bekerja tidak sesuai dengan bidang kerja (Non Infokom).
Kata Kunci: Tracer Study, Waktu Tunggu, Kesesuaian Bidang Kerja
Exploring the Relationship Between Workload, Leadership and Turnover Intentions among Taiwanese Army Personnel A Research Study
Authors: Chang Chung-Wei , Tseng Shih-Hsien , Lee Ming-Yen
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between workload, leadership and turnover intention among personnel in the Taiwanese Army, with leadership as a mediator. The research subjects are personnel from the grassroots battalion units of the army, with a total of 415 valid responses collected. The collected data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis, reliability and validity analysis, discriminant validity analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Sobel test to understand the associations between workload, leadership and turnover intention. The findings reveal that workload has a significant positive impact on turnover intention, while it has a significant negative impact on leadership. Leadership in turn, exhibits a significant negative impact on turnover intention, with partial mediating effects. The emphasis of this research lies in fostering open communication between supervisors and subordinates, fair task allocation, adequate support and the establishment of a positive work environment and atmosphere to mitigate turnover intention among personnel. Subsequent recommendations are proposed for relevant military authorities and scholars to consider.

Keywords: Workload, Leadership, Turnover Intention.
МЕҲНАТ МИГРAЦИЯСИНИ ЎРГАНИШДА ИЛМИЙ-НАЗАРИЙ ЁНДАШУВЛАР
Authors: Абдухамидов Исломбек
Published: March 2024

Мазкур мақолада миграция жараёнлари, хусусан, ташқи меҳнат миграциясининг келиб чиқиш сабабларини акс эттирувчи илмий-назарий ёндашувлар ўрганилган. Меҳнат миграцияси иқтисодий тушунча бўлишига қарамай, уни келтириб чиқарувчи омиллар бошқа соҳа вакилларининг илмий ёндашувлари асосида ҳам таҳлил қилиб ўтилган. Зеро, меҳнат миграцияси аксарият ҳолатларда ижтимоий-иқтисодий жараёнларнинг маҳсули ҳисобланади. Шунингдек, мақолада меҳнат миграцияси муаммоларини бартараф этишга доир таклиф ва тавсиялар илгари сурилган.