bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Objective Optimization Design and Analysis on 2DoF Direct Drive Induction Motor Rotary Part
Authors: Wang Peixin , Si Jikai , Zhang Guozhen , Cheng Zhiping , Hu Yihua
Published: June 2021

The edge effect due to the special structure of two degree‐of‐freedom direct induction motor (2DoFDDIM) results in three‐phase asymmetric current, high torque ripple, more loss and low efficiency. In this paper, to weaken edge effect of 2DoFDDIM rotary part, poles optimization is carried out considering the constraint of rotary arc‐armature size. In order to obtain optimum parameters and high efficiency of rotary part, The Taguchi method of multi‐objective optimization design is carried out. The 3D finite element models of final design and initial design of rotary part and initial design prototype are established, respectively. Through the comparison between the final design simulation, initial design simulation and test results, the results indicate that the performances of 2DoFDDIM rotary part have a great improvement after optimizations and verify the feasibility of Taguchi method used for 2DoFDDIM multi‐objective optimization design. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Iatrogenic chorioamniotic separation and septostomy following fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Krispin E. , Mustafa H. J. , Sun R. C. , Donepudi R. , Espinoza J. , Nassr A. A. , Belfort M. A. , Sanz Cortes M. , Mostafaei S. , Harman C. , Turan O. , Shamshirsaz A. A.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To compare the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by chorioamniotic separation (CAS) vs septostomy following fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort analysis of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies with TTTS that underwent FLP at one of two university‐affiliated tertiary medical centers between January 2012 and December 2020. CAS and septostomy were diagnosed either during the procedure or by ultrasonography within 24–48 h after FLP. Data on procedure and postprocedure parameters, pregnancy outcomes and survival were collected from the patients' electronic medical records. Pregnancies were stratified according to the presence of CAS, septostomy or neither. Patients diagnosed with both CAS and septostomy were analyzed separately.

Results

Of the 522 women included in the cohort, 38 (7.3%) were diagnosed with CAS, 68 (13.0%) with septostomy and 23 (4.4%) with both CAS and septostomy. The remaining 393 (75.3%) women comprised the control group. Groups did not differ in demographic characteristics. The septostomy group had a lower rate of selective fetal growth restriction than did the CAS and control groups (24.2% vs 36.8% vs 42.7%, respectively; P = 0.017). Moreover, intertwin size discordance was lower in the septostomy group (15.1% vs 23.4% in the CAS group and 25.5% in the control group; P = 0.001). Median gestational age at FLP was significantly lower in the CAS group (19.3 weeks vs 20.4 weeks in controls and 20.9 weeks in the septostomy group; P = 0.049). The rate of delivery prior to 34 weeks was significantly higher in the CAS group (89.2%), followed by the septostomy group (80.9%), compared with the control group (69.0%) (P = 0.006). A secondary analysis demonstrated that patients with both CAS and septostomy presented the highest rates of delivery prior to 34 weeks (100%) and 32 weeks (68.2%).

Conclusions

CAS and septostomy following laser surgery for TTTS are independently associated with higher rates of preterm delivery. The presence of these two findings in the same patient enhances the risk of prematurity. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Notes on Corpoliteracy: Bodies in Post-digital Educational Contexts
Authors: Kolb Gila
Published: June 2021

This chapter demonstrates the potential to challenge power relations, and reconsider teaching practices and conceptions of learning bodies. How do bodies in a digital learning setting perform are read and observed? How they can be included in learning settings? Since teaching and learning increasingly take part in digital learning environments, especially since the outbreak of the COVID-19 global pandemic, digital art teaching needs rethinking toward the knowledge of learning bodies and of the perception of learning in the digital realm: a digital corpoliteracy.
Toward an Anti-Racist and Anti-Colonial Post-Internet Curriculum in Digital Art Education
Authors: Smith Timothy J.
Published: June 2021

This chapter examines how reframing post-internet art through anti-racist and anti-colonial lenses in digital art curriculum can cultivate critical and transformative artist practices for students. Anti-racist and anti-colonial approaches offer frameworks for critically analyzing identity, ideology, and power relations toward decentering the art canon and qualitatively shifting curriculum toward critical dialogues and social action. Through a retrospection of the author’s own active and ongoing transformation as teacher, as well as through an analysis of artist Tabita Reziare’s post-internet practice, this article builds a pedagogical foundation for students to generate their own critical consciousness in learning and artmaking through a digital art curriculum.
Embracing Doubt: Teaching in a Post-digital Age
Authors: Grünwald Jan G.
Published: June 2021

Since the concept of the teacher seems to be, that she or he is the one who owns knowledge—in contrast to students who don’t—it is understandable that teachers have doubts creating a situation out of those usual boundaries. In this chapter, it is argued that if we want to teach adequately for the post digital age, we have to embrace doubt. Doubt is a force that falls out of the usual teleological approach of teaching, because we don’t exactly know the outcome. This theoretical approach translates into practice—or better: is in itself a practical approach—because since one does not know which outcome an educational situation will have, he/she has improvise, embrace doubt,anddeny classical power structures.
Post Scripts in the Present Future: Conjuring the Post-conditions of Digital Objects
Authors: Knochel Aaron D.
Published: June 2021

Navigating the post-conditions of digital objects, from post media to post-internet, this chapter explores how might making and learning in art and media education respond to pervasive connectivity that blurs online and offline distinctions. In an attempt to anticipate a future of algorithms, connectivity, and issues of access, an argument to advance a range of theoretical tools that may provide insight as to the immanent qualities of data and connectivity that impact making and learning in the arts is made. Focusing on posthumanism and post-theories constructed to provoke the dynamism of materiality, digital objects are conceptualized to understand new opportunities for contemplating how artists working in 3D modeling and digital fabrication may offer insights into the possibility of making meaning at this moment.
Kommunale Pflegepolitik als sozialraumorientierte Daseinsvorsorge: Konturen einer Vision
Authors: Schulz-Nieswandt Frank
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag skizziert, eingebettet in die Fundamentalnormen des Mehr-Ebenen-Systems des Rechts (der Grundrechtskonventionen des Völkerrechts, des unionsbürgerschaftlichen Grundrechtsdenkens im Europarecht, der Verfassungsordnung des GG, der Sozialgesetzbücher und der eigengesetzlichen Strukturen der Länder) Eckpunkte und Bausteine einer Vision einer kommunalen Pflegepolitik, die quartiersbezogen radikal sozialraumorientiert ist und auf einer Differenzierung der Wohnformenlandschaft im Alter beruht. Um die Wohnformen herum wird als Aufgabe der öffentlichen Daseinsvorsorge eine Lebenswelt der Caring Communitys im Kontext professioneller sozialer Infrastrukturen entwickelt. Im Rahmen der verfassungsrechtlich vorgegebenen föderalen Struktur muss eine Kooperationskultur der Kommunen und der Sozialversicherungen generiert werden, die die Marktentwicklungen steuernd einbindet und das Feld transsektoral stärker gemeinwohlwirtschaftlich ausgestaltet. Die sozialkapitaltheoretisch fassbaren lokalen Sozialräume in der kommunalen Lebenswelt sollen sich als eine genossenschaftsartige Form der inkludierenden Gegenseitigkeitshilfe als „Miteinanderfreiheit“ und „Miteinanderverantwortung“ entfalten.
Vermeidung von Pflegebedürftigkeit – Herausforderungen für Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Blüher Stefan , Stein Thomas , Schilling Ralph , Grittner Ulrike , Kuhlmey Adelheid
Published: June 2021

Die außergewöhnlich geburtenstarken Jahrgänge der 1955er bis 1965er Jahre werden in den kommenden zwei bis drei Jahrzehnten zu erheblichen Herausforderungen für das System pflegerischer Versorgung führen. So könnten sich etwa heute schon bestehende Versorgungslücken zwischen Angebotsstruktur und Nachfrage nach pflegerischen Leistungen deutlich verschärfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es notwendig, nicht nur die Weiterentwicklung von Versorgungsstrukturen in den Blick zu nehmen, sondern auch Wege zu finden, die Nachfrage nach Pflegeleistungen zu reduzieren. Hierfür müssen präventive und rehabilitative Potenziale so weit ausgeschöpft werden, dass die Entstehung von Pflegebedürftigkeit vermieden, ihr Verlauf abgemildert oder ihr Eintritt verzögert werden kann.

In diesem Zusammenhang muss die Forschung weitere Erkenntnisse zu den Entstehungsfaktoren einer Pflegebedürftigkeit liefern. Bislang fehlen vor allem Befunde zu sozialen Kontexten, in denen sich Verluste von funktionaler und kognitiver Gesundheit vollziehen, und Analysen, welche Rolle dabei einzelnen Faktoren für die Entstehung von Pflegebedarf zukommt. Ein vom Spitzenverband der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung gefördertes Forschungsprojekt analysiert diese Zusammenhänge mit Blick auf präventive und rehabilitative Potenziale zur Vermeidung von Pflegebedürftigkeit. Ausgewählte Befunde zu Konstellationen in der Haushaltszusammensetzung und daran gebundener sozialer Unterstützung werden in diesem Beitrag skizziert und bezüglich ihrer Implikationen diskutiert. Ein markantes Ergebnis ist dabei die protektive Wirkung von Partnerschaften, respektive engen sozialen Beziehungen im Hinblick auf entstehende Pflegebedürftigkeit. Als eine wichtige Implikation ist hier die konsequente Stärkung von sozialen Unterstützungspotenzialen zu nennen, die insbesondere die Gruppe der Alleinlebenden fokussieren sollte, indem Wohn- und Lebenswelten zu fördern sind, die sich – äquivalent zu engen familialen Beziehungen – durch hohe protektive Potenziale für den Erhalt von Selbständigkeit auszeichnen.
Stand und Perspektive der Kurzzeitpflege
Authors: Kutzner Janina , Räker Miriam
Published: June 2021

Die Kurzzeitpflege (KZP) und ihre Funktion standen bislang nur unzureichend im Fokus wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Der Beitrag betrachtet die gesetzlich zugeschriebene Bedeutung der KZP und hinterfragt, inwieweit diese Versorgungsform einer sowohl präventiven als auch rehabilitativen Funktion gerecht wird respektive gerecht werden kann. Dazu wird vor dem Hintergrund des bestehenden sozialrechtlichen Rahmens der Fokus auf die quantitative Verfügbarkeit von KZP-Plätzen sowie auf die qualitative und inhaltliche Ausrichtung von Angeboten der KZP gerichtet. Wenngleich es an wissenschaftlicher Evidenz fehlt, lässt die Betrachtung der verschiedenen Organisationsformen der KZP vermuten, dass solitäre KZP-Einrichtungen der wichtigen Weichenstellerfunktion der KZP sowie einer präventiven und rehabilitativen Funktion am ehesten gerecht werden können. Demgegenüber stehen jedoch vielfach betriebswirtschaftliche und strukturelle Herausforderungen. Besonders mit Blick auf einen geriatrisch rehabilitativen Ansatz im Rahmen der KZP sind sozialrechtliche Hürden und in der Folge Versorgungsdefizite anzunehmen. Die Notwendigkeit für weitergehende Reformbemühungen wird bei der Darstellung von Möglichkeiten und Potenzialen zur Stärkung und Weiterentwicklung der KZP deutlich.
Pupillenrekonstruktion mit einer künstlichen Iris
Authors: Mayer Christian , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: June 2021

Hintergrund

Patienten mit Irisdefekten leiden unter starken Sehbeeinträchtigungen, insbesondere erhöhter Blendungsempfindlichkeit, und kosmetischen Beeinträchtigungen. Dies kann eine große psychische Belastung für die betroffenen Patienten darstellen. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit bestand die Behandlung aus farbigen Iriskontaktlinsen, Sonnenbrillen und einfachen Irisprothesen. Indikationen für eine chirurgische Behandlung sind Kolobome der Iris, Aniridie, traumatische Irisdefekte und persistierende Mydriasis. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, chirurgische Ansätze, funktionelle und ästhetische Ergebnisse sowie Komplikationen nach Implantation einer individuellen künstlichen Irisprothese aus Silikon zu untersuchen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Analyse der veröffentlichten Literatur zum Thema chirurgische Irisrekonstruktion mit einer künstlichen Iris in Kombination mit eigenen Erfahrungen über 120 vom Autor in den letzten 10 Jahren behandelter Patienten.

Material und Methoden

Die in dieser Übersichtsarbeit verwendete maßgefertigte, flexible Silikonirisprothese ArtificialIris (HumanOptics, Erlangen, Deutschland) ist eine innovative und vielseitige Option in der chirurgischen Behandlung von Irisdefekten. Besprochen werden die diversen Implantationstechniken, die erreichbaren Ergebnisse sowie die möglichen Komplikationen.

Ergebnisse

Untersucht wurden die Veränderung der bestkorrigierten Sehschärfe, der Augeninnendruck, die Pupillenöffnung, die Blendung, die Kontrastempfindlichkeit, die Endothelzellzahl, die Vorderkammertiefe, der Kammerwinkel und die Patientenzufriedenheit. Weiterhin wurden Komplikationen und die Farbanpassung an die Rest- und Partneraugeniris bewertet.

Diskussion

Die Implantation der künstlichen Iris ist eine effektive Therapieoption zur Behandlung ausgeprägter traumatischer Irisdefekte und führt neben einer hohen Patientenzufriedenheit zu einem individuellen, ästhetisch ansprechenden und guten funktionellen Ergebnis. Es handelt sich aber um einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Eingriff mit flacher Lernkurve, bei dem Komplikationen auftreten können.
A zonally-oriented teleconnection pattern induced by heating of the western Tibetan Plateau in boreal summer
Authors: Li Qingquan , Zhao Mengchu , Yang Song , Shen Xinyong , Dong Lili , Liu Zhaodong
Published: June 2021

The thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the northern hemisphere climate has long been a hot topic of scientific research. However, the global effects of the TP heat source are still unclear. We investigate the teleconnection patterns coincident with the TP heat source in boreal summer using both observational data and numerical models including a linearized baroclinic model and an atmospheric general circulation model. The western TP shows the most intense variability in atmospheric heating and the most active connection to atmospheric circulations. The surface sensible heating component of the western TP heat source is associated with a high-latitude wave train propagating from North Japan to central North America through the Bering Sea and Canada. The radiative heating component is accompanied by a wavenumber-4 wave train over Eurasia. We focus on the global zonally-oriented pattern that is connected with the latent heat release from the western TP, referred to here as the TP–circumglobal teleconnection (TP-CGT). The TP-CGT pattern is triggered by the western TP latent heating in two parts starting from the TP: an eastward-propagating wave train trapped in the westerly jet stream and a westward Rossby wave response. The TP-CGT accounts for above 18% of the total variance of the circumglobal teleconnection pattern and modulates mid-latitude precipitation by superimposition. The western TP is the key region in which diabatic heating can initiate the two atmospheric responses concurrently, and the heating over northeastern Asia or the Indian Peninsula is unable to induce the circumglobal pattern directly. The unique geographical location and strong tropospheric heating also make the western TP as a “transit area” of transferring the indirect impact of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) to the TP-CGT. These results enhance our understanding of the relationship between the circumglobal teleconnection and the ISM and is helpful for improving the prediction of the circumglobal teleconnection variability.
Autophagy—an underestimated coordinator of construction and destruction during plant root ontogeny
Authors: Wojciechowska Natalia , Michalak Kornel M. , Bagniewska-Zadworna Agnieszka
Published: June 2021

Main Conclusion

Autophagy is a key but undervalued process in root ontogeny, ensuring both the proper development of root tissues as well as the senescence of the entire organ.

Autophagy is a process which occurs during plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions as well as during plant ontogeny. Autophagy is also engaged in plant root development, however, the limitations of belowground studies make it challenging to understand the entirety of the developmental processes. We summarize and discuss the current data pertaining to autophagy in the roots of higher plants during their formation and degradation, from the beginning of root tissue differentiation and maturation; all the way to the aging of the entire organ. During root growth, autophagy participates in the processes of central vacuole formation in cortical tissue development, as well as vascular tissue differentiation and root senescence. At present, several key issues are still not entirely understood and remain to be addressed in future studies. The major challenge lies in the portrayal of the mechanisms of autophagy on subcellular events in belowground plant organs during the programmed control of cellular degradation pathways in roots. Given the wide range of technical areas of inquiry where root-related research can be applied, including cutting-edge cell biological methods to track, sort and screen cells from different root tissues and zones of growth, the identification of several lines of evidence pertaining to autophagy during root developmental processes is the most urgent challenge. Consequently, a substantial effort must be made to ensure whether the analyzed process is autophagy-dependent or not.
Autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infections in native terrestrial gastropods from the Macaronesian Archipelago of Spain
Authors: Segeritz Lisa , Cardona Alejandro , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos , Ruiz Antonio
Published: June 2021

The presence of zoonotic relevant Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections has recently been reported in rat final hosts and gastropod intermediate hosts in Tenerife, Spain. However, data on A. cantonensis, Angiostrongylus vasorum and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus prevalences in endemic gastropods for other islands of the Macaronesian Archipelago are still missing. In order to fill this gap, we conducted an epidemiological study on terrestrial native slug (Plutonia lamarckii) and snail (Cornu aspersum, Theba pisana, Rumina decollata) species in 27 selected locations of Tenerife, Gran Canaria, El Hierro, Lanzarote, La Palma and Fuerteventura. Overall, 131 terrestrial gastropods were collected in winter/spring season 2018/2019 and examined for the presence of metastrongyloid lungworm larvae via artificial digestion. The current data revealed a total prevalence of 4.6% for A. vasorum, 3.8% for A. abstrusus and 0.8% for A. cantonensis. In Tenerife, three lungworm species were detected, thereby re-confirming A. cantonensis endemicity for this island. Prevalences of snails (C. aspersum) originating from El Hierro were 5% for A. abstrusus and 15% for A. vasorum, respectively, with larval burdens up to 290 larvae per specimen. This epidemiological study indicates the presence of human, canine and feline lungworm species in Macaronesia, Spain. The current data—particularly those on anthropozoonotic A. cantonensis—call for a regular large-scale monitoring on intermediate hosts, paratenic hosts and definitive hosts to prevent further spread of lungworm-related diseases in humans and animals.
TIMP3 involvement and potentiality in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Casagrande Viviana , Federici Massimo , Menghini Rossella
Published: June 2021

Diabetic kidney disease, one of the most severe complications associated with diabetes, is characterized by albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis and progressive loss of renal function. Loss of TIMP3, an Extracellular matrix-bound protein, is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy in human and mouse models, suggesting its pivotal role in renal diseases associated to diabetes. There is currently no specific therapy for diabetic nephropathy, and the ability to restore high TIMP3 activity specifically in the kidney may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of renal injury under conditions in which its reduction is directly related to the disease. Increasing evidence shows that diabetic nephropathy is also regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including noncoding RNA. This review recapitulates the pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic potential roles of TIMP3 and the noncoding RNA (microRNA, long noncoding RNA) related to its expression, in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Smell and taste in idiopathic blepharospasm
Authors: Gamain Julie , Herr Thorsten , Fleischmann Robert , Stenner Andrea , Vollmer Marcus , Willert Carsten , Veit Birgitt , Lehnert Bernhard , Mueller Jan-Uwe , Steigerwald Frank , Tost Frank , Kronenbuerger Martin
Published: June 2021

The pathophysiology of blepharospasm is incompletely understood. Current concepts suggest that blepharospasm is a network disorder, involving basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex, and, possibly, the cerebellum. Tracing, imaging, and clinical studies revealed that these structures are also concerned with olfaction and taste. Because of this anatomical overlap, dysfunction of the chemical senses in blepharospasm is expected. Injections of botulinum toxin into the eyelid muscles are the first-line treatment of blepharospasm. Yet, the effects of botulinum toxin on the chemical senses have not been systematically assessed. To contribute to a better understanding of blepharospasm, olfactory and gustatory abilities were assessed in 17 subjects with blepharospasm and 17 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Sniffin Sticks were used to assess odor threshold, odor discrimination, and odor identification. Results of these three Sniffin Sticks subtests were added to the composite olfactory score. The Taste Strips were applied to assess taste. In an adjacent study, we assessed the sense of smell and taste in eight subjects with blepharospasm before and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin treatment. Subjects with blepharospasm had significantly lower (= worse) scores for odor threshold and for the composite olfactory score than healthy controls, while odor discrimination, odor identification, and the composite taste score were not different between groups. The adjacent study revealed that botulinum toxin did not impact the chemical senses. In this study, subjects with blepharospasm had a lower (= worse) odor threshold than healthy controls. As olfaction is important in daily life, findings justify further research of olfaction in blepharospasm.
Correction to: Tooth loss and adiposity: possible role of carnitine transporter (OCTN1/2) polymorphisms in women but not in men
Authors: Meisel Peter , Pagels Stefanie , Grube Markus , Jedlitschky Gabriele , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas
Published: June 2021

The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020–03594-w
Coordinate-wise transformation of probability distributions to achieve a Stein-type identity
Authors: Sei Tomonari
Published: June 2021

It is shown that for any given multi-dimensional probability distribution with regularity conditions, there exists a unique coordinate-wise transformation such that the transformed distribution satisfies a Stein-type identity. A sufficient condition for the existence is referred to as copositivity of distributions. The proof is based on an energy minimization problem over a totally geodesic subset of the Wasserstein space. The result is considered as an alternative to Sklar’s theorem regarding copulas, and is also interpreted as a generalization of a diagonal scaling theorem. The Stein-type identity is applied to a rating problem of multivariate data. A numerical procedure for piece-wise uniform densities is provided. Some open problems are also discussed.
Synthesis, characterization, DFT, and TD-DFT studies of (E)-5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-diylbis(hydrogen sulfite)
Authors: Louis Hitler , Enudi Obieze C. , Odey Joseph O. , Onyebuenyi Izubundu B. , Igbalagh Azuaga T. , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Ntui Tabe N.
Published: June 2021

In this study, (E)-5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenyldiazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-diylbis(hydrogen sulfite), a cyanurated H-acid (CHA) azo dye, was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and GC-MS spectroscopy. A density functional theory (DFT) based B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP method with 6–311 + G (d,p) basis set analysis was computed for HOMO-LUMO, natural bonding orbitals (NBO), UV-Vis absorptions and excitation interactions, in order to understand its molecular orbital excitation properties. A low Energy gap (Eg) of 2.947 eV was obtained from the molecular orbital analysis, which showed that HOMO to LUMO transition is highly feasible; hence CHA is adequate for diverse electronic and optic applications. Studies of the first five excitations (S0 → S1/S2/S3/S4/S5) of CHA revealed that S0 → S1 and S0 → S3 are π → π* type local excitations distributed around the –N=N– group; S0 → S2, a Rydberg type local excitation; S0 → S4, a highly localized π → π* excitation; while S0 → S5 is an n → π* charge transfer from a benzene ring to –N=N– group. From NBO analysis, we obtained the various donor–acceptor orbital interactions contributing to the stabilization of the studied compound. Most significantly, some strong hyper-conjugations (n → n*) within fragments, and non-bondingand anti-bonding intermolecular (n → n*/π* and π → n*/π*) interactions were observed to contribute appreciable energies. This study is valuable for understanding the molecular properties of the azo dyes compounds and for synthesizing new ones in the future.
CATE meets ML
Authors: Jacob Daniel
Published: June 2021

For treatment effects—one of the core issues in modern econometric analysis—prediction and estimation are two sides of the same coin. As it turns out, machine learning methods are the tool for generalized prediction models. Combined with econometric theory, they allow us to estimate not only the average but a personalized treatment effect—the conditional average treatment effect (CATE). In this tutorial, we give an overview of novel methods, explain them in detail, and apply them via Quantlets in real data applications. We study the effect that microcredit availability has on the amount of money borrowed and if 401(k) pension plan eligibility has an impact on net financial assets, as two empirical examples. The presented toolbox of methods contains meta-learners, like the doubly-robust, R-, T- and X-learner, and methods that are specially designed to estimate the CATE like the causal BART and the generalized random forest. In both, the microcredit and 401(k) example, we find a positive treatment effect for all observations but conflicting evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity. An additional simulation study, where the true treatment effect is known, allows us to compare the different methods and to observe patterns and similarities.
Bridging the gap: integrating external knowledge from open innovation platforms
Authors: Weissenberger-Eibl Marion A. , Hampel Tim
Published: June 2021

While external knowledge has the potential to benefit a firm’s innovation activities, research shows that the positive effects of a more open model of innovation do not come naturally. This paper draws on the project level to explore the organizational factors that hamper or impede the integration of external knowledge sourced from an open innovation platform and to suggest interventions to overcome these barriers. While open innovation is mainly discussed as a concept that resides at the level of the organization, this paper draws on the project level to contribute to a multi-level understanding of open innovation and to offer a deeper understanding of the challenges project teams face, when integrating external knowledge. To investigate occurring barriers, four cases of external knowledge integration within a multinational corporation are analyzed. The results show that due to the external nature of the knowledge, an additional effort of project teams is required such as forming alliances with key individuals and changing negative attitudes towards external sources to overcome organizational resistance. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
Clinical and demographic features associated with infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli in a health system in Maine, 2017
Authors: Liu Eugene W. , Buss Sarah N. , Trumbo Jennifer L. , Temples Tina M.
Published: June 2021

In this case–case control study, we identified receipt of β-lactam antibiotics and older age as independently associated with increased infection risk with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli among residents aged 20–88 years in a rural Maine hospital system where the infection prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli is low.
The contribution of telco data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of Telefonica throughout its footprint
Authors: de Alarcon Pedro A. , Salevsky Alejandro , Gheti-Kao Daniel , Rosalen Willian , Duarte Marby C. , Cuervo Carlos , Muñoz Jose J. , Pascual Juan M. , Schurig Martin , Treß Thomas , Diaz Elena , de la Cuesta Carlos , Frias-Martinez Enrique
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge for humanity, in which a large number of resources are invested to develop effective vaccines and treatments. At the same time, governments try to manage the spread of the disease while alleviating the strong impact derived from the slowdown in economic activity. Governments were forced to impose strict lockdown measures to tackle the pandemic. This significantly changed people’s mobility and habits, subsequently impacting the economy. In this context, the availability of tools to effectively monitor and quantify mobility was key for public institutions to decide which policies to implement and for how long. Telefonica has promoted different initiatives to offer governments mobility insights throughout many of the countries where it operates in Europe and Latin America. Mobility indicators with high spatial granularity and frequency of updates were successfully deployed in different formats. However, Telefonica faced many challenges (not only technical) to put these tools into service in a short timing: from reducing latency in insights to ensuring the security and privacy of information. In this article, we provide details on how Telefonica engaged with governments and other stakeholders in different countries as a response to the pandemic. We also cover the challenges faced and the shared learnings from Telefonica’s experience in those countries.
Importance of Team Experience and Coordination in Disaster Response: Building Collapse
Authors: Korkut Semih , Altinarik Selim , Türk Osman , Türkmen Fatih , Uğurlu Yusuf , Yilmaz Erdal , Mutlu Hasan , Türkdoğan Kenan Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine whether coordination of prehospital emergency health services and Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (DEMP) and being prepared for disasters, such as building collapses, allow quick evaluation and fast intervention.

Methods:

The information flow, hierarchy, treatment, and rehabilitation processes, and rescue organization and planning during the rescue attempt for 35 people who needed help due to this building collapse were reviewed.

Results:

Of the 43 people who lived in this 8-story building, 35 were inside the building during the collapse; 40% of them were assessed as injured and 60% as exitus. Almost two-thirds (64.3%) of the injured individuals who were rescued were women. The mean duration until rescue was 330 (57.0-512.0) min.

Conclusions:

Leading and important factors that can increase the success rate in search and rescue interventions are informing official authorities as first early warning by individuals who can clearly define the situation, early security measures by security forces arriving before the health and search-rescue teams, accurate identification of estimated numbers of injured victims, and identifying and informing appropriate hospitals which victims rescued from the debris will be transferred to there.
A NEW RAMPED PYROXIDATION/COMBUSTION FACILITY AT14CHRONO, BELFAST: SETUP DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL RESULTS
Authors: Keaveney Evelyn M , Barrett Gerard T , Allen Kerry , Reimer Paula J
Published: June 2021

The Belfast Ramped Pyroxidation/Combustion (RPO/RC) facility was established at the14CHRONO Centre (Queen’s University Belfast). The facility was created to provide targeted analysis of bulk material for refined chronological analysis and carbon source attribution for a range of sample types. Here we report initial RPO results, principally on background material, but also including secondary standards that are routinely analyzed at14CHRONO. A description of our setup, methodology, and background (blank) correction method for the system are provided. The backgrounds (anthracite, spar calcite, Pargas marble) reported by the system are in excess of 35,00014C years BP with a mean age of 39,34514C years BP (1σ = 36,497–43,800 years BP, N=44) with F14C = 0.0075 ± 0.0032. Initial results for standards are also in good agreement with consensus values: TIRI-B pine radiocarbon age = 4482 ± 47 years BP (N=13, consensus = 4508 years BP); IAEA-C6 ANU Sucrose F14C= 1.5036 ± 0.0034 (N=10, consensus F14C = 1.503). These initial tests have allowed problematic issues to be identified and improvements made for future analyses.
Reexamining the Effect of Refugees on Civil Conflict: A Global Subnational Analysis
Authors: ZHOU YANG-YANG , SHAVER ANDREW
Published: June 2021

A large literature suggests that the presence of refugees is associated with greater risk of conflict. We argue that the positive effects of hosting refugees on local conditions have been overlooked. Using global data from 1990 to 2018 on locations of refugee communities and civil conflict at the subnational level, we find no evidence that hosting refugees increases the likelihood of new conflict, prolongs existing conflict, or raises the number of violent events or casualties. Furthermore, we explore conditions where provinces are likely to experience substantively large decreases in conflict risk due to increased development. Analysis examining nighttime lights as a measure of development, coupled with expert interviews, support our claim. To address the possibility of selection bias, we use placebo tests and matching. Our research challenges assertions that refugees are security risks. Instead, we show that in many cases, hosting refugees can encourage local development and even conflict reduction.
‘POST-HIP’: NEW MUSIC FOR OLD INSTRUMENTS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Authors: Tassie Benjamin
Published: June 2021

This article explores an emergent vanguard of the ‘historically informed performance’ (HIP) movement in the twenty-first century, focusing on new music written for, and performed on, historical instruments. Drawing on musicological and journalistic writing, as well as first-hand interviews with artists working in the scene, discussion is centred around the work of three key practitioners: the lutenist Jozef van Wissem, gambist Liam Byrne and baroque violinist Halla Steinunn Stefánsdóttir. Finally, an attempt is made to situate the scene, both in relation to earlier revivalist practice and to broader cultural trends, drawing, in particular, on notions of ‘retromania’, post-internet and post-postmodernist practice.
Varying orientations to sharing life stories: A diachronic study of Japanese women's discourse
Authors: Nakane Ikuko , Okano Kaori , Maree Claire , Takagi Chie , Tanaka Lidia , Iwasaki Shimako
Published: June 2021

Language change across the lifespan is relatively underexplored in sociolinguistics. While studies of individuals’ language across life stages are often considered to complement large scale studies of community-level language change, this study aims to explore how changes to family environment and social mobility interact with individual speakers’ stylistic practice across life stages. It examines ethnographic interviews of five women, originally from the same area in western Japan, the same high school, and similar socio-economic background, conducted by a single researcher eleven years apart. The chronological and inter-participant comparisons reveal a complex pattern of stylistic practice and stance taking as the women share stories about career, family and relationships with the researcher. The study also discusses audience design in language variation and explores how the participants utilise their discursive repertoires in their interaction with the researcher, whose background is significantly divergent from theirs. (Language across the lifespan, stylistic practice, Japanese)*
Politically Invisible in America
Authors: Jackman Simon , Spahn Bradley
Published: June 2021

Campaigns, parties, interest groups, pollsters, and political scientists rely on voter-registration lists and consumer files to identify people as targets for registration drives, persuasion, and mobilization and to be included in sampling frames for surveys. We introduce a new category of Americans: the politically invisible—that is, people who are unreachable using these voter and marketing lists. Matching a high-quality, random sample of the US population to multiple lists reveals that at least 11% of the adult citizenry is unlisted. An additional 12% is mislisted (i.e., not living at their recorded address). These groups are invisible to list-based campaigns and research, making them difficult or impossible to contact. Two in five Blacks and (citizen) Hispanics are unreachable, but only 18% of whites. The unreachable are poorer than the reachable population, have markedly lower levels of political engagement, and are much less likely to report contact with candidates and campaigns. They are heavily Democratic in party identification and vote intention, favoring Obama versus Romney 73 to 27, with only 16% identifying as Republicans. That the politically invisible are more liberal and from historically marginalized groups shows that the turn to list-based campaigning and research could worsen existing biases in the political system.
The role of genetics in fetal programming of adult cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Sánchez-Soriano Carlos , Pearson Ewan R. , Reynolds Rebecca M.
Published: June 2021

Disturbances affecting early development have broad repercussions on the individual’s health during infancy and adulthood. Multiple observational studies throughout the years have shown that alterations of fetal growth are associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risks. However, the genetic component of this association only started to be investigated in the last 40 years, when single genes with distinct effects were investigated. Birth weight (BW), commonly reported as the outcome of developmental growth, has been estimated to be 20% to 60% heritable. Through Genome-Wide Association (GWA) meta-analyses, 190 different loci have been identified being associated with BW, and while many of these loci designate genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, with clear ties to fetal development, the role of others is not yet understood. In addition, due to its influence over the intrauterine environment, the maternal genotype also plays an important part in the determination of offspring BW, with the same loci having independent effects of different magnitude or even direction. There is still much to uncover regarding the genetic determinants of BW and the interactions between maternal, offspring, and even paternal genotype. To fully understand these, diverse and novel cohorts from multiple ancestries collecting extensive neonatal phenotype will be needed. This review compiles, chronologically, the main findings in the investigation of the genetics of BW.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Scientific Literature on Meteorological and Air Quality Factors and COVID‐19
Authors: Quintana Amanda V. , Clemons Meredith , Hoevemeyer Krista , Liu Ann , Balbus John
Published: June 2021

The role of meteorological and air quality factors in moderating the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and severity of COVID‐19 is a critical topic as an opportunity for targeted intervention and relevant public health messaging. Studies conducted in early 2020 suggested that temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, and other meteorological factors have an influence on the transmissibility and viral dynamics of COVID‐19. Previous reviews of the literature have found significant heterogeneity in associations but did not examine many factors relating to epidemiological quality of the analyses such as rigor of data collection and statistical analysis, or consideration of potential confounding factors. To provide greater insight into the current state of the literature from an epidemiological standpoint, the authors conducted a rapid descriptive analysis with a strong focus on the characterization of COVID‐19 health outcomes and use of controls for confounding social and demographic variables such as population movement and age. We have found that few studies adequately considered the challenges posed by the use of governmental reporting of laboratory testing as a proxy for disease transmission, including timeliness and consistency. In addition, very few studies attempted to control for confounding factors, including timing and implementation of public health interventions and metrics of population compliance with those interventions. Ongoing research should give greater consideration to the measures used to quantify COVID‐19 transmission and health outcomes as well as how to control for the confounding influences of public health measures and personal behaviors.
Shot-noise limited, supercontinuum-based optical coherence tomography
Authors: Rao D. S. Shreesha , Jensen Mikkel , Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Olsen Jesper Toft , Heiduschka Peter , Kemper Björn , Schnekenburger Jürgen , Glud Martin , Mogensen Mette , Israelsen Niels Møller , Bang Ole
Published: June 2021

We present the first demonstration of shot-noise limited supercontinuum-based spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with an axial resolution of 5.9 μm at a center wavelength of 1370 nm. Current supercontinuum-based SD-OCT systems cannot be operated in the shot-noise limited detection regime because of severe pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise of the supercontinuum source. To overcome this disadvantage, we have developed a low-noise supercontinuum source based on an all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber, pumped by a femtosecond laser. The noise performance of our 90 MHz ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source is compared to that of two commercial sources operating at 80 and 320 MHz repetition rate. We show that the low-noise of the ANDi fiber-based supercontinuum source improves the OCT images significantly in terms of both higher contrast, better sensitivity, and improved penetration. From SD-OCT imaging of skin, retina, and multilayer stacks we conclude that supercontinuum-based SD-OCT can enter the domain of shot-noise limited detection.
A multi-ethnic epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte DNA methylation and blood lipids
Authors: Jhun Min-A , Mendelson Michael , Wilson Rory , Gondalia Rahul , Joehanes Roby , Salfati Elias , Zhao Xiaoping , Braun Kim Valeska Emilie , Do Anh Nguyet , Hedman Åsa K. , Zhang Tao , Carnero-Montoro Elena , Shen Jincheng , Bartz Traci M. , Brody Jennifer A. , Montasser May E. , O’Connell Jeff R. , Yao Chen , Xia Rui , Boerwinkle Eric , Grove Megan , Guan Weihua , Liliane Pfeiffer , Singmann Paula , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Meitinger Thomas , Gieger Christian , Peters Annette , Zhao Wei , Ware Erin B. , Smith Jennifer A. , Dhana Klodian , van Meurs Joyce , Uitterlinden Andre , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Ghanbari Mohsen , Zhi Deugi , Gustafsson Stefan , Lind Lars , Li Shengxu , Sun Dianjianyi , Spector Tim D. , Chen Yii-der Ida , Damcott Coleen , Shuldiner Alan R. , Absher Devin M. , Horvath Steve , Tsao Philip S. , Kardia Sharon , Psaty Bruce M. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Bell Jordana T. , Ingelsson Erik , Chen Wei , Dehghan Abbas , Arnett Donna K. , Waldenberger Melanie , Hou Lifang , Whitsel Eric A. , Baccarelli Andrea , Levy Daniel , Fornage Myriam , Irvin Marguerite R. , Assimes Themistocles L.
Published: June 2021

Here we examine the association between DNA methylation in circulating leukocytes and blood lipids in a multi-ethnic sample of 16,265 subjects. We identify 148, 35, and 4 novel associations among Europeans, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, and an additional 186 novel associations through a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We observe a high concordance in the direction of effects across racial/ethnic groups, a high correlation of effect sizes between high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, a modest overlap of associations with epigenome-wide association studies of other cardio-metabolic traits, and a largely non-overlap with lipid loci identified to date through genome-wide association studies. Thirty CpGs reached significance in at least 2 racial/ethnic groups including 7 that showed association with the expression of an annotated gene. CpGs annotated to CPT1A showed evidence of being influenced by triglycerides levels. DNA methylation levels of circulating leukocytes show robust and consistent association with blood lipid levels across multiple racial/ethnic groups.
Chromosomal-scale de novo genome assemblies of Cynomolgus Macaque and Common Marmoset
Authors: Jayakumar Vasanthan , Nishimura Osamu , Kadota Mitsutaka , Hirose Naoki , Sano Hiromi , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Yumiko , Nakaya Masataka , Tsukiyama Tomoyuki , Seita Yasunari , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kawai Jun , Sasaki Erika , Ema Masatsugu , Kuraku Shigehiro , Kawaji Hideya , Sakakibara Yasubumi
Published: June 2021

Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) have been widely used in human biomedical research. Long-standing primate genome assemblies used the human genome as a reference for ordering and orienting the assembled fragments into chromosomes. Here we performed de novo genome assembly of these two species without any human genome-based bias observed in the genome assemblies released earlier. We assembled PacBio long reads, and the resultant contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data, which were further refined based on Hi-C contact maps and alternate de novo assemblies. The assemblies achieved scaffold N50 lengths of 149 Mb and 137 Mb for cynomolgus macaque and common marmoset, respectively. The high fidelity of our assembly is also ascertained by BAC-end concordance in common marmoset. Our assembly of cynomolgus macaque outperformed all the available assemblies of this species in terms of contiguity. The chromosome-scale genome assemblies produced in this study are valuable resources for non-human primate models and provide an important baseline in human biomedical research.