bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for secret image sharing Using nibble exchange
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Das Subhendu
Published: May 2018

This paper proposes a new scheme for secret image sharing which shuffles and manipulates the nibbles (and hence the bytes) of the pixel values of the images. We have developed a new algorithm called LDRU (Left-Down-Right-Up) for the construction of shares. Using LDRU algorithm any type of (Binary, Gray scale or Color) secret images can be shared and reconstructed precisely in linear time.
New Approach for Managing Keys in Cloud & Use Cases for Cloud Computing
Authors: Singh Sarvesh , Shukla Anupam , Sharma Ankit , Lone Kalimullah
Published: May 2018

Now a days cloud computing is best innovative technology in the field of IT. In its broadest usage, the term cloud computing refers to the delivery of IT resources over the internet as opposed to hosting and operating these resources locally, such as a college or university network. These resources can include application and services as well as infrastructure and services over the network. Any organization can purchase these resources on as needed basis and avoid the capital expenditure cost of software and hardware. Security is major problem in cloud computing, thus key distribution is important thing for managing security in cloud computing. In this paper we derived a proposed algorithms for managing keys in the cloud and also discuss uses cases for cloud computing.
A CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND DECISION TREE HYBRID APPROACH IN DATA MINING TO DESCRIBING TAX AUDIT
Authors: Dhiman Richa , Vashisht Sheveta , Sharma Kapil
Published: May 2018

In this research, we use clustering and classification methods to mine the data of tax and extract the information about tax audit by using hybrid algorithms K-MEANS, SOM and HAC algorithms from clustering and CHAID and C4.5 algorithms from decision tree and it produce the better results than the traditional algorithms and compare it by applying on tax dataset. Clustering method will use for make the clusters of similar groups to extract the easily features or properties and decision tree method will use for choose to decide the optimal decision to extract the valuable information from samples of tax datasets? This comparison is able to find clusters in large high dimensional spaces efficiently. It is suitable for clustering in the full dimensional space as well as in subspaces. Experiments on both synthetic data and real-life data show that the technique is effective and also scales well for large high dimensional datasets
A FRAMEWORK FOR SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA WAREHOUSE
Authors: Maiah Lax , DR.A.GOVARDHAN DR.A.GOVARDHAN , KUMAR DR. C.SUNIL
Published: May 2018

Data Warehouse (DW) is topic-oriented, integrated, static datasets which are used to support decision-making. Driven by the constraint of mass spatio-temporal data management and application, Spatio-Temporal Data Warehouse (STDW) was put forward, and many researchers scattered all over the world focused their energy on it.Although the research on STDW is going in depth , there are still many key difficulties to be solved, such as the design principle, system framework, spatio-temporal data model (STDM), spatio-temporal data process (STDP), spatial data mining (SDM) and etc. In this paper, the concept of STDW is discussed, and analyzes the organization model of spatio-temporal data. Based on the above, a framework of STDW is composed of data layer, management layer and application layer. The functions of STDW should include data analysis besides data process and data storage. When users apply certain kind of data services, STDW identifies the right data by metadata management system, then start data processing tool to form a data product which serves the data mining and OLAP. All varieties of distributed databases (DDBs) make up data sources of STDW, including Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG), Data Locator Group (DLG), Data Objects Management (DOM), Place Name and other databases in existence. The management layer implements heterogeneous data processing, metadata management and spatio-temporal data storage. The application layer provides data products service, multidimensional data cube, data mining tools and on-line analytical process.
Study on Non Functional Software Testing
Authors: Samra Hardeep Singh
Published: May 2018

Improving software quality involves reducing the quantity of defects within the final product and identifying the remaining defects as early as possible. It involves both its functionality and its non-functional characteristics, such as usability, flexibility, performance, interoperability and security. In fact, defects found earlier in the development lifecycle cost dramatically less to repair than those found later. However, engineers cannot address non-functional quality requirements such as reliability, security, performance and usability early in the lifecycle using the same tools and processes that they use after coding and at later phases. Approaches such as stress testing for reliability, measuring performance and gauging user response to determine usability are inherently post-integration techniques. Accordingly, defects found with these tools are more disruptive and costly to fix. Nonetheless, there has been a lop-sided emphasis in the functionality of the software, even though the functionality is not useful or usable without the necessary non-functional characteristics. This research highlights the sporadic industry acceptance of some popular methods for designing for non-functional requirements and suggests some practical approaches that are applicable for companies that also must consider the demands of schedule and cost.
Implementation and Evaluation of Rule Induction Algorithm with Association Rule Mining: A study in life insurance
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Vashisht Sheveta , Sharma Heena , Bains Jasreena kaur , Dhiman Richa
Published: May 2018

Data Mining: extracting useful insights from large and detailed collections of data. With the increased possibilities in modern society for companies and institutions to gather data cheaply and efficiently, this subject has become of increasing importance. This interest has inspired a rapidly maturing research field with developments both on a theoretical, as well as on a practical level with the availability of a range of commercial tools. In this research work we use rule induction in data mining to obtain the accurate results with fast processing time. We using decision list induction algorithm to make order and unordered list of rules to coverage of maximum data from the data set. Using induction rule via association rule mining we can generate number of rules for training dataset to achieve accurate result with less error rate. We also use induction rule algorithms like confidence static and Shannon entropy to obtain the high rate of accurate results from the large dataset. This can also improves the traditional algorithms with good result.
A Novel Prime Number Path Tracing Scheme Using Clos Network
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Singh Gurpartap
Published: May 2018

A novel scheme of path tracing in all-optical network (AON) is described, every node has a prime number and as data packet travels in the network prime number tag is multiplied with the other node tag. At receiver end factorization is done to measure the travelled path. This technique is implemented with the help of encoder which helps to multiply the prime number tags. This scheme has highest QoS than the scheme which use optical cross connects (OXC).In this scheme OXC is replaced with the clos network which gives better performance than system with OXC.
Major Energy Efficient Routing Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Idea
Authors: Ali Jahangeer , Kumar Gulshan , Kumar Rai Dr. Mritunjay
Published: May 2018

Sensing the environment without human intervention is carried out with Wireless Sensor Networks. Thus WSNs have gained impetus in every field as applicable to various sensing applications. As the sensor nodes are very minute with limited power, memory and controlling mechanism. Thus it is necessary to implement energy efficient routing in sensor nodes such that network lifetime is enhanced. In this paper, we have discussed various existing energy efficient routing schemes and made comparison on various parameters in literature survey. Finally came to conclusion that there is a need of an energy efficient routing protocol which can further extend network lifetime. We propose an idea in which existing; Enhanced Energy Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering (EEEPSC) is modified by placing a fraction of nodes having more energy than normal nodes in the locations where Base Station is far away. And BS is placed within the area of deployed nodes.
Maximizing Network Lifetime Operator for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Virmani Dr. Deepali
Published: May 2018

Optimizing and enhancing network lifetime with minimum energy consumption is the major challenge in field of wireless sensor networks. Existing techniques for optimizing network lifetime are based on exploiting node redundancy, adaptive radio transmission power and topology control. Topology control protocols have a significant impact on network lifetime, available energy and connectivity. In this paper we categorize sensor nodes as strong and weak nodes based on their residual energy as well as operational lifetime and propose a Maximizing Network lifetime Operator (MLTO) that defines cluster based topology control mechanism to enhance network lifetime while guarantying the minimum energy consumption and minimum delay. Extensive simulations in Java-Simulator (J-Sim) show that our proposed operator outperforms the existing protocols in terms of various performance metrics life network lifetime, average delay and minimizes energy utilization.
Given a raga recording, can we scientifically verify which school of Vadi-Samvadi selection is supported by the artist?
Authors: Chakraborty Soubhik , Ranganayakulu Rayalla , Chauhan Shivee , Solanki Sandeep Singh , Mahto Kartik
Published: May 2018

The notes which play the most important and second most important roles in expressing a raga are called Vadi and Samvadi swars respectively in (North) Indian Classical music. Like Bageshree, Bhairavi, Shankara, Hamir and Kalingra, Rageshree is another controversial raga so far as the choice of Vadi-Samvadi selection is concerned where there are two different opinions. Rather than ruling out any school of thought, the paper aims at identifying scientifically the particular school supported by a given recording. Thus the problem investigated here is one of classification in nature. In the present work, a two minute vocal recording of raga Rageshree is subjected to a careful statistical analysis. Our analysis is broken into three phases: first one minute, middle one minute and last one minute. Under a multinomial model set up holding appreciably in the first two phases, only one opinion is found acceptable. An interesting musical cocktail is proposed embedding several ideas like melodic property of notes, note combinations and pitch movements between notes, using some weighted combination of psychological and statistical stability of notes along with watching carefully the sudden shoot of one or more notes whenever there is enough evidence that multinomial model has broken down..Â
Conceptual Overlapping Clustering for Effective Selection of Parental Rice Varieties
Authors: Dabbiru Madhavi , Mogalla Shashi , Rao PRM
Published: May 2018

The process of rice breeding involves producing new rice varieties as a cross of parental rice varieties followed by rigorous testing and examination phase for purity, productivity and resistivity to regional climatic conditions. The selection of appropriate parental seeds to produce new rice variety with more or less predictable characteristics is highly desirable as it reduces expensive experimental evaluation efforts. Authors suggest the applicability of Conceptual Overlapping Clustering Algorithm [7] developed by them for conceptual overlapping clustering to aid proper selection of rice varieties and demonstrated the performance of this algorithm on a real world dataset.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Self and Peer Assessment using PBL on Student Performance and Preference: Malaysians Experience
Authors: CHE KU MOHD CHE KU NURAINI , Shahbodin Faaizah
Published: May 2018

This paper reports on the effectiveness of students performances between self and peer assessment based on students preferences. A total of 56 respondents from the second year of study at UTeM who enrolled for the Human Computer Interaction course took part in this study. Three research instruments were developed for the purpose of evaluating students performance and preferences which include a set of questionnaires, interview questions and prototype development. A t-test was conducted to analyze independent variables by self and peer assessment while students preferences and performances are dependent variables. Findings of this study revealed that students prefer peer assessment rather than self assessment. The use of courseware namely PBLAssess can increase students understanding towards the topic that has been taught. Results showed that assessment in PBL is significantly related to students performances and preferences.
A Statistical Analysis of Bhairav-The first morning Raga
Authors: Chakraborty Soubhik , Tewari Swarima
Published: May 2018

A raga, in Indian classical music, is a melodic structure with fixed notes and a set of rules characterizing a particular mood conveyed by performance. Bhairav is the first raga of the morning. The present paper gives a statistical analysis of this raga structure. Â
Web Service Negotiation Using AHP for Business Oriented Design of Service Level Agreements
Authors: Raju Mr. R. , Dhivya Ms. D. , Saranya Ms. R. , Abbinaya Ms. S. I.
Published: May 2018

The service purchaser needs to stipulate for the service. The service contributor will afford the service to the purchaser.The powerful use of services to assemble business processes in service computing pressures that the Quality of Services (QoS) convene consumersâ€™ perspective. When Â manipulating the services, a service provider must Â set apart the quality of service levels that will be existing to the Â customers. Programmed web-based negotiation of Service Level Agreements (SLA) can assist in describing the QoS necessities of critical service-based processes. We put forward a trusted Negotiation Organizer(NO) structure that performs adaptive and intelligent mutual bargaining of SLAs between a service contributor and a service purchaser based on each partyâ€™s elevated level business necessities. We also define an algorithm for adapting the decision functions during an continuing negotiation to match with an opponentâ€™s offers or with simplified purchaser preferences. The NO uses intelligent agents to conduct the negotiation locally by choosing the most suitable multi criteria decision making system known as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
AN APPROACH TO GENERATE MST WITHOUT CHECKING CYCLE
Authors: Roy Sharadindu , Sarma Prof. Samar Sen
Published: May 2018

Abstract: A minimum spanning tree of an undirected graph can be easily obtained using classical algorithms by Prim or Kruskal. MST generation is a NP hard problem. Now this paper represents an algorithm to find minimum spanning tree without checking cycle. Good time and space complexities are the major concerns of this algorithm. Running Time (complexity) of this algorithm = O(E*log V) (E = edges, V = nodes),which is obviously better than primâ€™s algorithm(complexity- E +Vlog V) . Â This algorithms operate at O(E * log(V)) time, though Primâ€™s can be optimized to O(E + V log V) by using specialized data structures(heap). For large graphs, these algorithms can take significant amount of time to complete. This algorithm is important in many real world applications. One example is an internet service provider determining the best way to install underground wires in a neighbourhood in order to use the least amount of wire and dig the least amount of ground.
Security from Denial of Sleep Attack in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kaur Simerpreet , Ataullah Md. , Garg Monika
Published: May 2018

With the advancement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) sensors are gaining importance in the physical world. Besides the low power of sensor nodes used, sensors are widely used in detecting temperature, pollution, pressure and other various applications. Energy-constrained sensor networks periodically place nodes to sleep in order to extend the network Lifetime. Denial of sleep attacks are a great threat to lifetime of sensor networks as it prevents the nodes from going into sleep mode. In this paper we are describing prevention against Denials of sleep attack. We have analyzed each of proposed solutions, identify their strengths and limitations.
ENLIGHTENING THE CLOUD COMPUTING DOMAIN
Authors: Kaur AmanPreet , Singh Dr. Dheerendra
Published: May 2018

Cloud computing is an emerging model of â€œcomputing as utilityâ€ to provide convenient, on demand access to shared pool of resources. In this paper, this grooming technology is presented in terms of its basic characteristics, services provided, models, and why cloud computing is a widely accepted in business and software enterprises.
A Simulated Novel Approach for Identifying Black Hole Attack in AODV based MANET
Authors: Lakhani Kanika
Published: May 2018

Security is an essential requirement in mobile ad hoc networks to provide protected communication between mobile nodes. Due to unique characteristics of MANETS, it creates a number of consequential challenges to its security design. To overcome the challenges, there is a need to build a powerful, multifeatured security solution that achieves both broad protection and desirable network performance. MANETs are vulnerable to various attacks, blackhole, is one of the possible attacks. Black hole is a type of routing attack where a malicious node advertise itself as having the shortest path to all nodes in the environment by sending fake route reply. By doing this, the malicious node can deprive the traffic from the source node and can be implemented as a denial-of-service attack where the packets can be dropped later on. In this paper, a solution is proposed to identify the malicious node and implanting security against the threats of blackhole by notifying other nodes in the network of the incident. The simulation of the proposed algorithm demonstrates that the solution prevents the nodes in the network from blackhole attack and also improves the overall performance of AODV in the presence of black hole attack.
A Review Of Internet Gateway Discovery Approaches For Mobile Adhoc Networks
Authors: Patel Deepak Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: May 2018

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) consists of wireless mobile nodes without having a fixed infrastructure. The communication between these mobile nodes is carried out without any centralized control. The communication among the nodes within the infrastructure less networks is done through some routing protocol. But whenever any mobile node want to communicate a node in a network that is outside the ad hoc network such as internet, there should be an appropriate mechanism for establishing this connection. Gateway discovery is a fundamental process in connecting MANET with the internet. A mobile node can connect to the internet by discovery of some specialized nodes called as gateway nodes These Gateway nodes act as a bridge between the mobile ad hoc networks and the internet. The basic aim of the gateway discovery approach is to modify the route discovery process so that it is not only used for discovery of destination mobile nodes but also the gateways. In this paper we are going to present a review of various gateway discovery approaches which are used for establishing the interconnection of mobile ad hoc networks and internet.
Composite Lowpass Filter Realized by Image Parameter method and Integrated with Defected Ground Structures
Authors: Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Roy Arabinda , Parui Susanta Kumar
Published: May 2018

An asymmetric DGS consisting of two square headed slots connected transversely with a rectangular slot is etched in the ground plane underneath a high-low impedance microstrip line.Â  It provides a band-reject filtering characteristics with sharp transition. Thus, it may be modeled as m-derived filter section. Accordingly, T-type LC equivalent circuit is proposed and LC parameters are extracted. A planar composite lowpass filter is designed by image parameter method and implemented by different DGS units. A composite filter requires at least three filter sections, of which two m-derived sections and one constant k-section. In proposed scheme, one such m-derived section is directly replaced by proposed DGS unit, whose cut-off frequency is same as that of designed m-derived section. The other m-derived section implemented by proposed DGS unit divided into equivalent two L-sections which will act as a termination for impedance matching. A constant k-section has been realized by a dumbbell shaped DGS having same cutoff frequency. Here lumped LC parameters are directly replaced by the equivalent LC values of the DGSs and therefore, produce almost ideal filter characteristics by overcoming the limitations of microstrip technology.
Incremental Frequent Pattern Mining using Graph based approach
Authors: Patel Sanjay , Kotecha Dr. Ketan
Published: May 2018

Extracting useful information from huge amount of data is known as Data Mining. It happens at the intersection of artificial intelligence and statistics. It is also defined as the use of computer algorithms to discover hidden patterns and interesting relationships between items in large datasets. Candidate generation and test, Pattern Growth etc. are the common approaches to find frequent patterns from the database. Incremental mining is a crucial requirement for the industries nowadays. Many tree based approaches have tried to extend the frequent pattern mining as an incremental approach, but most of the research was limited to interactive mining only. Here, instead of tree based approach, graph based approach is presented which also gives good results for incremental mining. Â
Fuzzy Weighted Ordered Weighted Average-Gaussian Mixture Model for Feature Reduction
Authors: S Charles. , Arockiam Dr. L.
Published: May 2018

Feature reduction finds the optimal feature subset using machine learning techniques and evaluation criteria. Some of the irrelevant features are existed in the real-world datasets that should be removed by using the multi criterion decision approach. The relevant features are determined by using the WOWA criteria in fuzzy set. There are two important criteria are considered such as preferential weights and importance weights of features. These weights are used to find the irrelevant features and they are removed from the mixture. In this context, WOWA operator has the capability of assigning the preferential weights and important weights to the features. It helps to obtain the irrelevant, by selecting the relevant features using the weights in the feature reduction process. The objective of this paper is to propose a FWOWA approach helps to discard the irrelevant features by avoiding the overfitting and improve the accuracy of the cluster. The irrelevant features are determined by applying WOWA. By applying WOWA, the irrelevant features are examined and it is removed from the Gaussian Mixture using (RPEM).Â  Â  Â
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN FACE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM USING PCA+FDIT IN IMAGE DATABASE FOR CRIME INVESTIGATION
Authors: Manjula V. S.
Published: May 2018

In general, the field of face recognition has lots of research that have put interest in order to detect the face and to identify it and also to track it. Many researchers have concentrated on the face identification and detection problem by using various approaches. The proposed approach is further very useful and helpful in real time application. Thus the Face Detection, Identification Â which is proposed here is used to detect the faces in videos in the real time application by using the FDIT (Face Detection Identification Technique) algorithm. Thus the proposed mechanism is very help full in identifying individual persons who are been involved in the action of robbery, murder cases and terror activities. Although in face recognition the algorithm used is of histogram equalization combined with Back propagation neural network in which we recognize an unknown test image by comparing it with the known training set images that are been stored in the database. Also the proposed approach uses skin color extraction as a parameter for face detection. A multi linear training and rectangular face feature extraction are done for training, identifying and detecting. Â Â Thus the proposed technique Â Â is PCA + FDIT technique configuration only improved recognition for subjects in images are included in the training data.Â Â  It is very useful in identify a single person from a group of faces. Â Â Thus the proposed technique is well suited for all kinds faces frame work for face detection and identification. The face detection and identification modules share the same hierarchical architecture. They both consist of two layers of classifiers, a layer with a set of component classifiers and a layer with a single combination classifier. Â Also we have taken a real life example and simulated the algorithms in IDL Tool successfully.
Study of Effect of Variations in slot dimensions on Fractal Patch antenna Performance
Authors: Kumar Somesh , Monika Ms.
Published: May 2018

An antenna is a device that is made to efficiently radiate and receive radiated Electromagnetic waves. Microstrip antennas are attractive due to their light weight, conformability and low cost. These antennas can be integrated with printed strip-line feed networks and active devices. This is a relatively new area of antenna engineering. For reducing the size of antenna, fractal geometries have been introduced in the design of patch antenna. Fractal antennas also called as space filling curves are very compact, multiband or wideband, and have useful applications in cellular telephone and microwave communications. In our research work, we have used IE3D software for designing the antenna. We study the effect of variations of slot dimensions on antenna performance so as to obtain good results. In this research work, four different fractal patch antennas are designed. The rectangular base geometry is same for the all four antennas but the elliptical slot dimensions differ. In simulation, S parameters of all four antennas are analyzed. From the S parameter displays, comparison of all four antennas is done on the basis of three parameters that are: Lowest frequency, Multiband and S11 values. The simulation results shows that as the elliptical slot dimension decreases on rectangular patch antenna, the performance of fractal patch antenna improves on the basis of three factors that are lowest frequency, multiband and s11 values.
Privacy and Security Issues In Mobile Social Networking and in Modern Shopping Experience
Authors: Kulkarni Sanjeev , Kumari Kirna , Kittur Naheeda
Published: May 2018

Future shopping applications collect basic profile information of the person and provide great service on recommending books, electronics and other products based on user profile, previous shopping history and relationships between the items categories derived from purchases of all the users on the site. E.g. if someone is looking at action movies it can recommend similar category or a category that the shopper is likely to be associated with. The mining of user's profile greatly enhances a person's shopping experience on modern online shops. The main purpose of this paper is solving the privacy and security issues.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF EFFECT RATE OF CROSS LAYER BASED INTRUSION DETECTION FOR WIRELESS LAN
Authors: Kumar Dr. Vinod , Singh Mr Avtar , Narang Mrs. Ritika
Published: May 2018

Wireless ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to various kinds of security threats and attacks due to relative ease of access to wireless medium and lack of a centralized infrastructure. Security is an alarming concern, as everything being transmitted is available in the air. The current paper deals with Study of effect of rate on performance of cross layer based intrusion detection for WLAN reflects the significance of cross layer technique in detecting intruder on WLAN. Exploiting the information available across different layers of the protocol stack by triggering multiple levels of detection enhances the accuracy of detection. We validate our design through simulations and also demonstrate lower occurrence of false positives.
DEFINING QUALITY CRITERIA IN SITUATIONAL METHOD ENGINEERING
Authors: Azzouz Samir , Kraiem Naoufel , Ghezala Henda Ben
Published: May 2018

Method engineering is a field of engineering that has been created a need expressed by engineers. These engineers faced problems in using conventional methods such as SSADM, DSDM, OOAD...In this way, Method engineering was created to intend to develop methods to meet these needs. Therefore, these methods have been employed in a wide range of projects led by these architects. In other contexts, we are led to customize a method for a particular project. The method obtained is called Situational Method (SM).In this paper, we define the basics in order to achieve the monitoring of Situational Method quality in the early stages of its setting up to its effective exploitation.Â In addition, we identify criteria that allow us to evaluate the construction of a method in terms of quality.Finally, we discuss the choices we have made in this paper and challenges that we have to raise to achieve this quality concept.
EXTENDING THE VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHM USING IMAGE WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kotthapalli Dilip Kumar , Anitha Dr. V.R.
Published: May 2018

Visual cryptography is a secret information sharing technique which shares the information in the form of images. It generates noise-like random pixels on share images to hide secret information which on overlay decrypt the information. This technique is known as conventional visual secret sharing schemes. It suffers a management problem, because of which dealers cannot visually identify each share. This problem is solved by the extended visual cryptography scheme (EVCS), which adds a meaningful cover image in each share. While removing the extra cover image it produces extra noise or degrades the hidden image quality. So we propose a new image watermarking technique in this Visual Cryptography Algorithm that places a small image on the noisy image pair at the bottom right corner. So that the cover images need not be removed and it doesn't degrade Â resolution of the secret image.
ANALYSIS OF SUCCESS DRIVERS OF E-HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE AND USE: A NATIONAL LEVEL STUDY
Authors: BAGCHI KALLOL K. , Udo Godwin J.
Published: May 2018

e-Health, in form of websites that contain information on health, is emerging as an important resource for common people in some developed nations. The purpose of the study is to explore the critical factors that drive the e-Health infrastructure of nations and its usage. Research data from a set of more than 40 developed and developing nations were gathered from 8,000 websites to allow analysis of factors driving the e-Health growth. The results suggest that at a national level, cost of health care per capita and perception of health are significant in e-Health infrastructure regression, explaining more than 32-41% of the variability in e-Health infrastructure. Confidence in health care systems, perception of good health, health care costs, and human development index and health infrastructure also explain over 69-78% of the variability in e-Health use.
Maintainability Evaluation of Object-Oriented Software System Using Clustering Techniques
Authors: Mehra Astha , Dubey Sanjay Kumar
Published: May 2018

In todayâ€™s world data is produced every day at a phenomenal rate and we are required to store this ever growing data on almost daily basis. Even though our ability to store this huge data has grown but the problem lies when users expect sophisticated information from this data. This can be achieved by uncovering the hidden information from the raw data, which is the purpose of data mining.Â  Data mining or knowledge discovery is the computer-assisted process of digging through and analyzing enormous set of data and then extracting the meaning out of it. The raw and unlabeled data present in large databases can be classified initially in an unsupervised manner by making use of cluster analysis. Clustering analysis is the process of finding the groups of objects such that the objects in a group will be similar to one another and dissimilar from the objects in other groups. These groups are known as clusters.Â  In other words, clustering is the process of organizing the data objects in groups whose members have some similarity among them. Some of the applications of clustering are in marketing -finding group of customers with similar behavior, biology- classification of plants and animals given their features, data analysis, and earthquake study -observe earthquake epicenter to identify dangerous zones, WWW -document classification, etc. The results or outcome and efficiency of clustering process is generally identified though various clustering algorithms. The aim of this research paper is to compare two important clustering algorithms namely centroid based K-means and X-means. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated in different program execution on the same input dataset. The performance of these algorithms is analyzed and compared on the basis of quality of clustering outputs, number of iterations and cut-off factors.
Spline Computation for Solving Magnetohidrodynamics Free Convection Flow
Authors: Hamasalh Faraidun Kader , G. Joseph , G. Najmadeen
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we construct numerical algorithms for solving Magnetohidrodynamics(MHD) free convection flow rate whichhas been discussed in detail. It is observed that, for a nonlinear system of differential equation, the spline model of ninedegree is used, effectiveness and accuracy of this new method are presented. Several theorems relating the order of theninth spline to the saturation of the estimator are proved. Some results of consistency are given and an applicationMHD system is given.
VARIABLE GRAVITY FIELD AND THROUGHFLOW EFFECTS ON PENETRATIVE CONVECTION IN A POROUS LAYER
Authors: Y. H. Gangadharaiah , S. P Suma , K. Ananda
Published: May 2018

The effect of vertical throughflow and variable gravity field on the onset of penetrative convection simulated via internal heating in a porous medium is studied. Flow in the porous medium is governed by Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation. The boundaries are considered to be rigid, however permeable, and insulated to temperature perturbations. The eigen value problem is solved using a regular perturbation technique with wave number as a perturbation parameter. The variable gravity parameter, the direction of throughflow and the presence of volumetric internal heat source in a porous layer play a decisive role on the stability characteristics of the system. In addition, the influence of Prandtl number arising due to throughflow is also emphasized on the stability of the system. It is observed that both stabilizing and destabilizing factors can be enhanced due to the simultaneous presence of a volumetric source, gravity field and vertical throughflow so that a more precise control (suppress or augment) of thermal convective instability in a layer of porous medium is possible.
Effects of Internal Heat Generation and Variable Viscosity on Onset of Rayleigh-Benard Convection
Authors: Y. H. Gangadharaiah , S. P. Suma
Published: May 2018

In the present study, onset of stationary Rayleigh-Benard convective instability in a fluid layer, with internal heating and thermally dependent viscosity has been investigated by means of linear stability analysis. The dependence of viscosity is assumed to be exponential. The resulting eigen value problem is solved using a regular perturbation technique with wave number a as a perturbation parameter. The viscosity parameter and the presence of internal heat source play a decisive role on the stability characteristics of the system. It is observed that both stabilizing and destabilizing factors can be enhanced because of the simultaneous presence of a volumetric heat source and variable viscosity so that a more precise control (suppress or augment) of thermal convective instability in a fluid layer is possible.
A Proposed Non Linear Block Based Approach for Image De-Noising Using Wavelet
Authors: Singh Tajinder , Bedi Rajeev , Gupta S.K
Published: May 2018

Coding of images or processing of images has played a momentous role in the success of digital communications and multimedia. Coding plays a major role is 3D mobile generation. The image processing methods have been exploited through the years to improve the quality of digital images. In the image processing system De-noising based coding is used extensively. As we know that, in low bit rate applications, the blocking artifacts problem arises, which severely reduce the visual quality of the image. Reducing blocking artifacts is essential to render the compressed visual data acceptable to the viewer. So, to detect and reduce noise from the image is a major task. So removing the noise from original signal is still a challenging problem for researchers. There have been several published algorithms and each approach has its assumptions, advantages, and limitations. For real-time applications like television, photo-phone, etc. it is essential to reduce the noise power as much as possible and to retain the fine details and the edges in the image as well. Moreover, it is very important to have very low computational complexity so that the filtering operation is performed in a short time for online and real-time applications. The main focus of this paper is first to define an algorithm and based on that a non linear threshold filter is described which not only preserve the actual image structures in the presence of different types of noises (Salt & peepers, Speckle and Gaussian Noise) as well as it provide betterÂ  PSNR, MSE, MAE, & Time Complexity than others Classical algorithms.
Power Saving Management in Ad-Hoc Wireless Network
Authors: Gazzar M. M. EL , Tawfik Ben Bella s.
Published: May 2018

In wireless network Power Saving is an important issue. In this work power savingis done via a sequence of procedures. Power Saving (PS) function describes the necessary steps for a station in PS mode to turnoff the transmitter and receiver circuitry, to inform other stations or to retrieve information about pending packets, and to transmit or receive traffic. The PS function is different for ad hoc and infrastructure networks. The PS function for an IBSS (ad hoc network) operates in a distributed manner.A station that wants to enter the PS mode has to successfully complete a frame exchange with another station with the power bit set in the frame header. Note that neither a specific station nor all stations need to be informed. The power-saving status estimation is based upon local information or the last data frame exchange with that station. The IEEE standard leaves open the solution to the problems of how the estimate is created and on which information the estimate is based.
Advanced Display System for Public Bus Transportation
Authors: M Lakshmipathy , Panjagal Santosh.B. , Kumar S. Manjula
Published: May 2018

The bus arrival time at bus stops in urban traffic environment is highly unpredictable. This is due to random fluctuations in travel demands and interruptions caused by traffic system, incidents, and weather conditions. Providing real-time bus arrival information would enhance the credibility of the public transit system and thus render it more competitive among various other transportation modes. With the emergence of Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies, traffic data collection can be performed more efficiently.In this paper we are implementing The â€œADVANCED DISPLAY SYSTEMâ€ to enhance the public transportation system by giving the prior information of the buses arriving towards the bus stop to the people waiting for the bus. It consists of two modules. The first one is In-bus module and second one is Bus stop module. The In-bus module integrates the GPS receiver, GSM Modem, Microcontroller and control switches. This module is mounted to the bus. The Bus stop module is integrated with GSM modem, Microcontroller and LED matrix display. This Bus-Stop module is mounted at the Bus stops. the microcontroller processes the SMS received by the GSM modem and displays it in the LED matrix display. In the LED matrix display the bus number, source, destination station names of the bus, current location name of the bus, the time at which the bus is at the current location, actual time will be displayed.
Implementation and Analysis of a Refactoring Tool for Detecting Code Smells
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Raperia Himanshi
Published: May 2018

Software development is a field which is in action for decades. Preparing code for Software is not a difficult task, but preparing an efficient code is complicated one. To change the code is to make internal structure of the code easier to understand and economic to modify, without changing the behavior and desired response. More changes will make software patchy. No Software is free from smells especially the patchy one. Lots of work has been done for detecting and removing a few of the smells (Refactoring) from code. In this paper our main focus will be on tool SCSD (Software Code Smell Detector) developed, uses a bit classification, clustering approach with K-mean Clustering Algorithm to detect the code smells, which can implement completely different architecture if it discovers smell.Â
Pairwise Fuzzy Ordered Weighted Average Algorithm-Gaussian Mixture Model for Feature Reduction
Authors: Savarimuthu Charles , L Arockiam.
Published: May 2018

Feature Reduction is a kind of dimensionality reduction of feature space. There are a number of approaches are used to identify the significant features but they are not using the weighing approach. The weighing approach is quite useful for obtaining the significant features and removing the insignificant and irrelevant features using OWA formulation. The aim of this approach is to obtain the significant features and removing insignificant features by using the pairwise approach. This approach is helpful to find the weights of pairwise features at the same time, which leads to remove the insignificant features from the feature space using OWA. The significance of the OWA formulation is that, the paired features are identified in priori and their sum of weights are equal to 1. OWA criterion is introduced to obtain the significant features that are useful for predicting the accuracy of the cluster in GMM.
Usability Evaluation Approach for VLS: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Omieno Kelvin Kabeti , Oenga Laban , Raburu Dr. George
Published: May 2018

E-learning software systems have been proposed by many researchers and academics as alternative platform for pedagogy other than traditional face-to-face. One of such information systems (IS) is Virtual learning Systems (VLS). VLS are becoming an increasingly common form of education due to the need for a platform that provides ability to connect people with required sets of skills, regardless of their location in the world.Â  However, user satisfaction has always been a major factor in the success of software, regardless of whether the software is closed proprietary or open source software (OSS). Although user-centred designs are gaining recognition among virtual learning systems (VLS) community, many design scenarios still do not incorporate usability as one of their primary goals. Accordingly, many individuals believe that if VLS was more usable, its popularity would increase tremendously. Although there are strong usability models for IS, there is still potential to improve the usability of VLS.Â  The usability assessment of VLS projects is an area where relatively little research has been conducted, and, accordingly, the main contribution of this work is a methodology that evaluates the usability maturity of a VLS project. Consequently, the study presents a usability maturity model that is aimed at usability-related issues for virtual learning system projects. The model to be developed is a response to a need for measuring the extent to which virtual learning systems software projects support usability. Specifically, it is intended for assessing and improving the usability aspect in VLS software development. The deductions from the research findings will be especially useful to e-learning practitioners, ICT and Education professionals and policy makers and researchers in Virtual Learning Environments.
MULTIPLE-ACCESS TECHNOLOGY OF CHOICE IN 3GPP LTE
Authors: Frank Ibikunle , Ike Dike , Jimi Ajayi , Kayode Onasoga
Published: May 2018

Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardizes an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)as air interface in its release 8 LTE. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA) and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA)are key technologies for the air interface of mobile broadband systems.It isÂ evident that mobile broadband access technologies are reaching a commonality in the air interface and networkingÂ architecture; they are being converged to an IP-based network architecture with OFDMA based air interface technology.Â The air interface of E-UTRAN is based on OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink, making it possible to efficientlÂ utilize bandwidth due to the orthogonally between sub-carriers and by assigning subsets of sub-carriers to individual usersÂ which allows for simultaneous data rate transmission from several users and differentiated quality of service for each user.Â In this paper, wehighlight the technologies behindOFDMA and SC-FDMA and also carry out performance comparison ofÂ the two air interface technologies. We brieflydescribe the 3GPP LTE standard, and its implementation using OFDMA andÂ SC-FDMA technology.
Performance Analysis of Stable Election Protocol for Clustered Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bhattacharya Partha Pratim , Rathi Neha
Published: May 2018

While wireless sensor networks are increasingly equipped to handle more complicated functions, these battery poweredsensors which used in network processing, use their constrained energy to enhance the lifetime of the network especiallyÂ in a heterogeneous settings. Clustered techniques have since been employed to optimize energy consumption in thisÂ energy constrained wireless sensor networks. In Classical clustering protocols, equal energy is assigned to all nodes andthey cannot take full benefit of the presence of node heterogeneity. SEP, a heterogeneous-aware protocol is used toÂ prolong the time interval before the death of the first node which is crucial for many applications where the feedback fromthe sensor network must be reliable. The performance of SEP in comparison to LEACH Protocol is analyzed in this paperwhose goal is to increase the stable region and as a result decrease the unstable region and improve the quality of thefeedback of wireless sensor network, in presence of heterogeneous nodes.