bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LITERARY PORTRAITS OF VILLAGE PROSE WRITERS IN THE CRITICISM OF THE MAGAZINE SIBIRSKIYE OGNI
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Andreeva E.A.
Published: November 2020

The prose of the “village prose” writers occupies a special place in the literary and critical discourse of the Sibirskiye Ogni. Most of the articles devoted to V. Astafiev, V. Shukshin, V. Abramov are literary portraits, which present the critic’s view of the life and personality of the author in question. The literary and critical discourse on contemporary traditionalist prose became the object of attention by E. Dobrenko, I. Chekannikova, L. Sokolova, but the question of its reception in “thick” regional publications remains unexplored. The purpose of this article is to analyze the literary portraits presented on the pages of the Sibirskiye Ogni, to reveal a stable complex of motives or image elements embedded in the plot about the writer. The material included articles published in the period from 1986 to 2010. The methodological base is formed by the works of Yu. Govorukhina, M. Berg, representing literary and critical discourse as imperious, in which one of the key tasks of the critic is to convince the reader of the truth of his judgments and to form a certain picture of the world in the addressee. Research results. The main values of the Sibirskiye Ogni discourse are realized in the works of the “village prose” writers: preservation of national and cultural traditions, proclamation of moral principles, interest in the “natural” man, the sacralization of the image of Siberia and the province. The main task of the magazine’s critics is to form a positive attitude towards the perception of traditionalist writers of the second half of the 20th century. The basis of literary portraits, as a rule, are the memoirs of contemporaries or the critic himself, as well as letters. In the description of the life path or image of the “village prose” writer, stable dominant elements can be distinguished. This is the motive for overcoming life’s difficulties, the predestination of the writer’s path, the inextricable connection with the small homeland; the key elements of the image are fortitude, heroism, hard work, exclusivity, and closeness to the people. Village writers often appear as saviors in a situation of global cultural crisis, while their prose is assigned the function of the keeper of national myths and the sacred space of the Russian countryside.
BESTIARIES: A NEOBARBARIC ENCYCLOPE DIA OF STRATEGIES
Authors:   an independent researcher and curator (Italy), Dalla Bontà G.
Published: November 2020

In the context of Dmitry Alexandrovich Prigov’s audacious “lifelong” project, an encyclopedic perspective can be traced quite clearly through various approaches, languages and methodologies throughout the artist’s creative career. Prigov’s Bestiaries not only deviate from the traditional path of encyclopedic genealogy; they are the prototype of later, more pronounced taxonomic projects, and even act as a reference to what he called his “lifelong project”. Our task is to show how the Bestiaries series is not only a study of the Russian cultural space, but is also the very concept of Prigov’s anthropology from the beginning of the history of culture to the present day in a post-Soviet and even post-human perspective, thus asserting itself as a proto-encyclopedia of his New Anthropology. In the process of researching, methods such as theoretical, general philosophical analyses (systemic method, analysis, analogy, synthesis) were used, including the analysis of texts, interviews and artistic production of Prigov. The sociological methods are also taken as the basis for drawing conclusions and the main approach moves from a semiotic and poststructuralist point of view, especially the theory of culture of Yuri Lotman, the philosophy of Giorgio Agamben and George Bataille. Thus, we have outlined the importance of the Bestaries in presenting the theory of cultural evolution of Dmitry Prigov and his “new anthropology”, referring to this series on the role of the visual conclusion of his new anthropological system
NARRATIVE STRATEGIES IN L. ULITSKAYA ’S NOVEL THE KUKOTSKY ENIGMA
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Bukal I.S.
Published: November 2020

Problem statement and goal. Lyudmila Ulitskaya is one of the most widely read contemporary Russian authors. L. Ulitskaya’s works are popular not only in Russia, but also in other countries. They arouse genuine research interest both among literary critics and linguists. Currently, there are more than two dozen dissertations, many review chapters in monographs, as well as scientific articles devoted to the analysis of such works of the author as novellas Sonechka, The Funeral Party, Women’s Lies; collections of short stories Poor Relatives, Girls, Gift not made with hands; novels Sincerely your Shurik, Medea and Her Children, Daniel Stein, Interpreter, The Big Green Tent. L. Ulitskaya’s novel The Kukotsky Enigma remains the least studied text of the author. In this article, the content of this novel is analyzed for narratology. The researcher reflects on one of the topical literary problems: the influence of narrative strategies on the reception of the author’s text. The research was based on the works by V. Tyupa, Yu. Lotman, N. Leiderman, and M. Lipovetsky. The research methodology is based on historical-cultural and structural-typological approaches. The subject of the research is the specifics of the implementation of narrative strategies in L. Ulitskaya’s novel The Kukotsky Enigma. Research result. Based on the analysis of L. Ulitskaya’s novel The Kukotsky Enigma, it is shown how the narrative strategy of the work affects its potential reception. Based on the concept by V. Tyupa, who defined the narrative strategy as a set of three equivalent bases (the narrative picture of the world, the narrative modality, and the narrative intrigue), the researcher identifies the changes that the narrative strategy undergoes in the course of the plot development, notes how these changes affect the poetics of the novel and its axiological content. Conclusion. The narrative strategy by which the narrative of the novel in question is organized can be defined as “the strategy of breaking the horizon of readers’ expectations”. Multiple changes in the narrative instance fill the work with a variety of points of view, creates a sense of ghostly, ephemeral events, and encourages the reader to independently search for the truth. The content of the novel is not directly dependent on the chronology of events. Fragments of the story are arranged inversely, segmentally, so that their juxtaposition contributes to the fullest understanding of the content. The narratives presented in the novel actualize the “ontological intrigue”, based on the representation of individual mythopoetic models and revealing the plot of comprehension of truth and purpose.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NIAT UNTUK MELAKUKAN WHISTLEBLOWING: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA RSUD ARIFIN AHMAD PEKANBARU
Authors: Sari Dian Puji Puspita , Putri Annie Mustika
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini sangat membantu berbagai pihak, salah satunya memotivasi pegawai agar berani dalam pelaporan tindak kecurangan, dalam mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi niat untuk melakukan whistleblowing. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada RSUD Arifin Achmad, dimana lokasi penelitian merupakan lokasi dimana terjadinya kasus kecurangan tersebut. tujuan jangka panjang nya adalah sebagai evaluasi dan masukan kedepannya untuk pihak RSUD Arifin Achmad. Penelitian ini dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang di sebar kepada staff/karyawan RSUD Arifin Achmad Kota Pekanbaru yang sudah memenuhi kriteria sampel dan  dengan jumlah sampel yang didapat sebanyak 135 orang. Analisis ini dilakukan dibantu dengan program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)Ver. 21 for Windows.Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa Lingkungan Etika, Pemberian Reward dan Sifat Machiavellian berpengaruh terhadap niat untuk melakukan Whistleblowing di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah ( RSUD) Arifin Achmad Kota Pekanbaru.
MODERN TREND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSEUMS AND MUSEOLOGY: Materials of the IV All-Russian (with International Participation) Scientific Conference
Authors: Shelegina Olga N.
Published: November 2020

The collection of materials of the IV all-Russian scientific and practical conference «Modern trends in museums and museology» presents reports of employees of Russian research institutes, leading museums of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, teachers of higher educational institutions, representatives of cultural institutions. They reflect a wide range of topical issues related to the development of the theory and practice of Museum business in modern conditions at the international, national and regional levels. Important attention is paid to socio-cultural practices for the development of historical and cultural heritage, digitalization of the Museum sphere and its adaptation to the conditions of the pandemic. The publication will be interesting for specialists in the field of history of science and culture, heritage management, Museum studies and cultural studies, teachers of universities, employees of museums and libraries, local historians.
Life cycle of ground beetle Chlaenius tristis reticulatus Motschulsky, 1844 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the condition of Western Transbaikalia
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russia, Khobrakova L.Ts. , Rudykh S.G. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670047, Russia, Ulzii Ts. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia, Gantigmaa Ch. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia
Published: November 2020

In the conditions of Western Transbaikalia, Chlaenius tristis reticulatus Motschulsky, 1844 has a one-year late spring – early summer life cycle with the hibernation of a young generation of beetles. The interpretation of their life cycle is based on the study of sex and age-related structure of imago, the seasonal activity of generative females, the above-ground activity of larvae, and stages of the development of beetles in the laboratory conditions. The changes in the seasonal activity of beetles on meadows with different soil moisture (steppificated, moistened, and marshy meadows) were identified.
NEW INFORMATION ABOUT FUNGI RECORDED ON MICROBIOTA DECUSSATA KOM. IN THE CONDITIONS OF CULTURAL BREEDING
Authors:   Botanical Garden-Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, Bogachev I.G. , Bogacheva А.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Published: November 2020

For the first time, five species of fungi of various systematic groups have been noted on the Microbiota decussata in the collection of the Botanical Garden Institute. Some of them were found in Russia for the first time, but are not rare. These findings, in our opinion, clearly demonstrate the poor study of microbiota consorts and the lack of information about substrates and distribution of saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi in Russia.
ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Probatova N.S.
Published: November 2020

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.
FIRST RESULTS ON STUDY OF THE SHANTAR ISLANDS MYCOBIOTA
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Bogacheva А.V. , Еrofeeva Е.А. ,   Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russia, Коchunova N.А. ,   Amur Branch of Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
Published: November 2020

Preliminary results of the first mycological expedition to the Shantar Islands, where the Federal national park of the same name has been operating since 2013, have been summed up. It includes 15 large and small Islands with adjacent waters. We were able to study the basidiomycetes and ascomycetes species diversity in plant communities on two of them – Bolshoy Shantar and Prokofiev islands. The main feature of the identified mycobiota is the abundance of boreal species that are rarely found in the continental part of the Far East and the weak participation of both background boreal and endemic Far Eastern species.
Pediatric fine-needle aspiration cytology: An audit of 266 cases of pediatric tumors with cytologic-histologic correlation
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Sharma Sugandha , Verma Sarika , Singh Lavleen , Gupta Chhabi R. , Gupta Sanjay
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), a well-accepted minimally invasive diagnostic technique utilized in adults, is gradually gaining ground for pediatric patients as well. However, there are very few comprehensive reports in the literature on utility of FNA in pre-operative diagnosis of pediatric tumors.

Material and Methods:

An observational study was conducted at a cancer research center and a pediatric tertiary care hospital over a 5-year period. A cytologic-histologic correlation was performed for FNACs performed in pediatric patients for a clinical diagnosis of neoplastic lesions at both the centers. Relevant clinical details and histopathology, wherever available, were retrieved. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of malignant lesion were calculated from the cases with available histologic correlation.

Results:

Of the 266 cases included, there was a slight male predominance with lymphadenopathy being the most common presentation and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as the most frequent diagnosis in cases clinically suspected to have a neoplasm. Histologic correlation was available in 112 cases with 100% concordance in liver and kidney tumors. Few rare cytologic diagnoses such as papillary renal cell carcinoma, mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver, and thymolipoma could be accurately rendered on FNAC smears in conjunction with the clinic-radiologic features. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNA in diagnosing malignant pediatric tumors were found to be 100%, 92.6%, and 97.7%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study underscores the high sensitivity and accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of pediatric tumors, both in superficial and deep-seated locations. Awareness of the cytomorphologic features and clinic-radiologic correlation may assist the cytopathologists in rendering a precise diagnosis of rare pediatric tumors as well.
The Back Alleys and Dark Corners of Abdomen and Pelvis Computed Tomography: The Most Frequent Sites of Missed Findings in the Multiplanar Era
Authors: Kliewer Mark A. , Brinkman Mikala R. , Hinshaw J. Louis
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

Radiologists reading multiplanar abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) are vulnerable to oversight of specific anatomic areas, leading to perceptual errors (misses). The aims of this study are to identify common sites of major perceptual error at our institution and then to put these in context with earlier studies to produce a comprehensive overview.

Material and Methods:

We reviewed our quality assurance database over an 8-year period for cases of major perceptual error on CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis. A major perceptual error was defined as a missed finding that had altered management in a way potentially detrimental to the patient. Record was made of patient age, gender, study indication, study priority (stat/routine), and use of IV and/or oral contrast. Anatomic locations were subdivided as lung bases, liver, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, mesentery, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, small bowel, colon, appendix, vasculature, body wall, and bones.

Results:

A total of 216 missed findings were identified in 201 patients. The most common indication for the study was cancer follow-up (71%) followed by infection (11%) and abdominal pain (6%). The most common anatomic regions of error were the liver (15%), peritoneum (10%), body wall (9%), retroperitoneum (8%), and mesentery (6%). Data from other studies were reorganized into congruent categories for comparison.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that the most common sites of significant missed findings on multiplanar abdominal/pelvic CT included the mesentery, peritoneum, body wall, bowel, vasculature, and the liver in the arterial phase. Data from other similar studies were reorganized into congruent categories to provide a comprehensive overview.
Identification Of Diseases In Rice Plant Using Chatbot With Methode Artificial Intelligence Markup Language and Normalization
Authors: Apriliyanto Erwin , Kusrini Kusrini , Arief Rudyanto
Published: November 2020

Information Services in agriculture are entering the era of industrial revolution 4.0, always associated with the use of automation machines integrated with the internet network. The technological sophistication of this era makes many conditions change. The chatbot application is one of the right solutions to solve farmer problems, this farmer chatbot application is about the information on handling rice plants, and this application uses the Artificial Intelligence Markup (AIML) method. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of the answers to the chatbot. This research method uses question data with words under 5 words and above 5 words, and uses question data according to keywords and outside keywords in this chatbot, with 50 question data, with each question data tested four times than taken the average. average. The results of this study are to get an accuracy of 90.9%, while the response time for answering questions of less than 5 words is 0.01 seconds, and for more than 5 words is 0.02 seconds with a data set of 1000 lines.
Usability Analysis of The Mobile-Based Cizgi Rent A Car Application Using The WEBUSE Method
Authors: Karaman Jamilah
Published: November 2020

The development of information and communication technology offers convenience for its users.  The use of information and communication technology also has a positive impact on the business world.  For example, the use of advances in information and communication technology in the transportation sector.  Cizqi Rent A Car is a Turkish company that launched a mobile application for online car rental service providers which is expected to make it easier for tourists or local residents who want to rent a car to travel in Turkey.  By conducting usability analysis with the WEBUSE method, this study aims to determine the usability level of the Cizgi Rent A Car application.  From the results of data analysis it is known that this application is quite famous because it has been downloaded by more than 10,000 downloaders from several countries including Indonesia.  This application is used by Indonesians who make work visits and travel to Turkey.  The usability level in the Content, Organization & Readability variables and the Navigation and Links variables can be said to be Good.  The usability level for the User Interface Design variable can be said to be quite bad.  The usability level for the Performance and Effectiveness variables can be said to be moderate.
Trans-scleral IOL fixation ( From difficult to simple)
Authors:   National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Fayzrakhmanov R.R. , Shishkin M.M. ,   National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Konovalova K.I. ,   National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Karpov G.O. ,   National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

The book deals with the main issues of fixing an intraocular lens with a complete loss of the lens support apparatus. This is the first illustrated guide to understanding the technology of trans-scleral IOL fixation. Special attention is paid to the technique of surgical treatment. The author's techniques and features of each stage of surgical treatment are considered.
DISCIPLINARY RESPONSIBILITY OF JUDGES
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skoromnyy Yaroslav
Published: November 2020

The article presents the conceptual foundations of the disciplinary responsibility of judges. It was found that the legal basis for bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility is governed by the provisions of such documents as the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges», the Law of Ukraine «On the High Council of Justice», the Constitution of Ukraine, the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision Making and access to justice in environmental matters (Aarhus Convention), ratified by the Law of Ukraine dated 06.07.1999 No. 832-XIV, Decision of the XI (regular) Congress of Judges of Ukraine dated 22.02.2013 «On Approval of the Code of Judicial Ethics». It has been established that bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility for violation of professional duties is a guarantee of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their interests, as well as a way of forming the rule of law in the country. It was determined that judges can be brought to disciplinary responsibility, the order of disciplinary proceedings on which is based on the grounds determined by the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges». It has been proved that in addition to the Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges», the Resolution of the European Association of Judges also has its own list of grounds for bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility, which are clearly delineated for the legal situation in Ukraine. It has been established that today the grounds for bringing judges to legal responsibility, in particular to disciplinary responsibility, are based on factual and legal aspects, where the factual aspects of bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility indicate where the offense was committed and which responsibility is provided. It was found that a disciplinary offense of a judge is the commission of an act (action or inaction) by a judge, as a result of which the duties determined by law are violated, and on the basis of such violations, the judge is brought to disciplinary responsibility according to a specially developed legal procedure. It has been determined that the main body that considers disciplinary cases in relation to bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility in Ukraine is the High Council of Justice.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COURT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A JUDGE
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skoromnyy Yaroslav
Published: November 2020

The article reveals the conceptual foundations of the social responsibility of the court as an important prerequisite for the legal responsibility of a judge. It has been established that the problem of court and judge liability is regulated by the following international and Ukrainian documents, such as: 1) European Charter on the Law «On the Status of Judges» adopted by the Council of Europe; 2) The Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges»; 3) the Constitution of Ukraine; 4) The Code of Judicial Ethics, approved by the Decision of the XI (regular) Congress of Judges of Ukraine; 5) Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Council of Europe to member states regarding judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities; 6) Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct. The results of a survey conducted by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation and the Razumkov Center, the Council of Judges of Ukraine and the Center for Judicial Studios with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation based on the «Monitoring of the State of Independence of Judges in Ukraine – 2012» as part of the study of the level of trust in the modern system were considered and analyzed, justice, judges and courts. It is determined that a judge has both a legal and a moral duty to impartially, independently, in a timely manner and comprehensively consider court cases and make fair judicial decisions, administering justice on the basis of legislative norms. Based on the study of the practice of litigation, it has been proven that judges must skillfully operate with various instruments of protection from public influence. It has been established that in order to ensure the protection of judges from the public, it is necessary to create special units that will function as part of judicial self-government bodies. It was proposed that the Council of Judges of Ukraine, which acts as the highest body of judicial self- government in our state (in Ukraine), legislate the provision on ensuring the protection of the procedural independence of judges.
Involvement of Russian student youth in Internet communications as a factor in the formation of models of their socio-political activity
Authors: Istyagina-Yeliseeva E. A. , Barijenikova C. E. , Boldyreva A. V.
Published: November 2020

The methodological, methodological and practical aspects of determining the socio-political activity of student youth by factors of young people involvement in Internet communications, trust in Internet resources, and the use of digital services for satisfying information needs have been revealed. Based on the analysis of the results of sociological research, the role of the information and communication network “Internet” in the formation of young people’s attitudes to various forms of participation in socio-political practices has been highlighted. A number of information sources in the virtual space with political information has been analysed. The article includes information about the conditions and factors that affect the features of virtual communications of young people on political issues. Сonsiderable attention has been paid to the peculiarities of determining the attitudes of young people to participate in elections, as the most obvious form of their political activity. Using the methods of mathematical statistical analysis, the forms of Internet activity of young people have been studied and considered as factors of integration values political activities in dispositional personality structure, political orientation and willingness to co-operate with various actors power relations (political institutions, social movements, parties, groups of political activists), as well as acceptable forms of political behavior. Using the calculation of indices, determining measures of Central trend and variation, as well as other quantitative and qualitative diagnostic tools, a comparative analysis of the results of various sociological studies on the relationship between the level of youth involvement in the Internet space and the degree of political activity has been carried out. The features of student youth perception of political reality depending on the image of political practices in the virtual space have been characterized. Measures to create conditions for the formation of positive attitudes among young people to socially encouraged models of political activity (activity and behavior) have been justified.
The impact of digital technologies on modern society. An example of a social credit rating system in China
Authors: Klimovich A. P.
Published: November 2020

The issue on the first principles of Internet building in China has been considered. An overview of establishment has been made and the specifics of the development of the Chinese information technology industry in recent years has been analysed. The influence of the state policy on digital technology market has been studied. The principles of Chinese authorities’ actions in relation to the domestic and foreign high tech markets have been highlighted. The causes of the Chinese industry rapid development, based on the state activity aimed at supporting the local manufacturers, have been analysed. Protectionism policy defining the government control pattern has been evaluated. Chinese development main program scale, embracing not only national, but also world economics, has been considered. It has been shown how domestic economy policy coincides with Chinese government foreign policy and how it is directly reflected in it. A parallel has been drawn between the principle of establishing of social credit system and the idea of counting merits and drawbacks, laying in the basis of finely built system of rewards and punishments of traditional Chinese society. A connection of this tradition with the official goal of the system, stated by the government of China to teach the Chinese society to become more honest by complete surveillance over people, has been shown. It has been shown how this system classifies people into several categories, creating the lists of those to reward and those to censure. The mechanism of how the state uses private companies’ resources, applying all its power to influence on them, has been considered. A critical analysis of the foundations of the system from the point of view of Western democracy values has been carried out. An overview of development prospects of the studied system and the assessment of the risks associated with it have been made. It has been noted that despite the fact that the basic ideas for the system are borrowed from the international practice of the financial sector, making decisions on authorizing going beyond the judicial system and transferring the classification of people in the lists of good and bad to the level of algorithms run counter to the principles of European and international law.
Manuel Сastells’ concept of the power of communication in the scientific discourse of digital sociology
Authors: Kibakin M. V. , Kryukova M. M.
Published: November 2020

The article describes the methodological, methodic and socio-project aspects of the views of the modern sociologist and political scientist M. Castells in the framework of a discursive analysis of the possibilities of their use in the further institutionalization of digital sociology, as a relatively autonomous set of scientific data of sociology. The author considers literary sources related to the scientific work of M. Castells, methodological tools of discursive analysis and databases. The paper describes theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of the power of communication in ontological and socio-cultural contexts, as well as the characteristics of the author’s empirical sociological research in the framework of disclosing the logical and semantic components of the concept under consideration. Based on the discursive analysis, the author reveals structural, functional, procedural, organizational and managerial components of the theoretical views of the scientist, which help to clarify the object-subject sphere and the methodological arsenal of sociological research in the field of information and communication network “Internet”. The article considers the scientific approaches of the scientist to clarify the concept of “power” by explaining the role and place of actors in it, as well as use by them of social networks for their influence. The author highlights separately the scientist`s disclosure of the “network society” concept, which determines the network structure of connections based on the activation of information. The paper describes the features of the scientific method of M. Castells, associated with the postulation of the thesis of the regularity of the continuous replacement of scientific concepts in the knowledge of power relations and communications, the importance of flexibility and changing the angle of view of the scientist to solve specific research problems. The author emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of the scientific methodology, method and socio-project approaches of the scientist. The study gives the directions of implementation of scientific developments of M. Castells in digital sociology, substantiates socio-project ways of increasing the positive potential of Internet communications in the context of digital society development.
Benchmarking Force Field and the ANI Neural Network Potentials for the Torsional Potential Energy Surface of Biaryl Drug Fragments
Authors: Lahey Shae-Lynn , Phúc Từ Nguyễn Thiên , Rowley Christopher
Published: November 2020

Many drug molecules contain biaryl fragments, resulting in a torsional barrier corresponding to rotation around the bond linking the aryls. The potential energy surfaces of these torsions vary significantly due to steric and electronic effects, ultimately affecting the relative stability of the molecular conformations in the protein-bound and solution states. Simulations of protein--ligand binding require accurate computational models to represent the intramolecular interactions to provide accurate predictions of the structure and dynamics of binding. In this paper, we compare four force fields (Generalized AMBER Force Field (GAFF), Open Force Field (OpenFF), CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF), Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations (OPLS)) and two neural network potentials (ANI-2x, ANI-1ccx) in their ability to predict the torsional potential energy surfaces of 88 biaryls extracted from drug fragments. The mean of the absolute deviation over the full PES (MADF) and the mean absolute deviation of the torsion rotational barrier height (MADB) relative to high-level ab initio reference data was used as a measure of accuracy. In comparison to high-level ab-initio data, ANI-1ccx was most accurate for predicting the barrier height (MADF: 0.5~kcal/mol, MADB:~0.8~kcal/mol), followed closely by ANI-2x (MADF: 0.5~kcal/mol, MADB:~1.0~kcal/mol), then CGenFF (MADF: 0.8~kcal/mol, MADB: 1.3~kcal/mol), OpenFF (MADF: 1.5~kcal/mol, MADB: 1.4~kcal/mol), GAFF (MADF: 1.2~kcal/mol, MADB: 2.6~kcal/mol), and finally OPLS (MADF: 1.5~kcal/mol, MADB: 2.8~kcal/mol). Significantly, the NNPs are systematically more accurate and more reliable than any of the force fields. As a practical example, the neural network potential/molecular mechanics (NNP/MM) method was used to simulate the isomerization of ozanimod, a drug used for multiple sclerosis. Multi-nanosecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in an explicit aqueous solvent were performed, as well as umbrella sampling and adaptive biasing force enhanced sampling techniques. These theories predicted a rate of isomerization of $4.30 \times 10^{-1}$ ns$^{-1}$, which is consistent with direct MD simulations.
Efficient Polymer-Mediated Delivery of Ribonucleoprotein Payloads Through Combinatorial Design & Parallelized Experimentation
Authors: Kumar Ramya , Le Ngoc , Tan Zhe , Brown Mary E. , Jiang Shan , Reineke Theresa M.
Published: November 2020

Genome editing is almost completely reliant on viral delivery to achieve therapeutic goals, hindering widespread clinical adoption. Chemically defined delivery vehicles such as cationic polymers are versatile alternatives to engineered viruses, but their clinical translation hinges on rapidly exploring vast chemical design spaces and deriving structure-function relationships governing delivery performance. Here, we discovered a polymer for efficient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery through combinatorial polymer design and parallelized experimental workflows. A chemically diverse library of 43 statistical copolymers was synthesized via combinatorial RAFT polymerization, realizing systematic variations in physicochemical properties. We selected cationic monomers that varied in their pKa values (8.1 to 9.2) as well as in the steric bulk and lipophilicity of their alkyl substituents. We also incorporated co-monomers of varying hydrophilicity and elucidated the roles of protonation equilibria and hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance. We screened our multiparametric vector library through image cytometry and rapidly uncovered a hit polymer (P38), which outperforms state-of-the-art commercial transfection reagents, achieving nearly 60\% editing efficiency via non-homologous end-joining. Structure-function correlations underlying editing efficiency, cellular toxicity, and RNP uptake were probed through unbiased statistical learning approaches to uncover the physicochemical basis of P38's performance. Although cellular toxicity and RNP uptake were solely determined by polyplex size distribution and protonation degree respectively, these two polyplex design parameters were found to be inconsequential during RNP delivery. Instead, polymer hydrophobicity and the Hill coefficient, a parameter describing cooperativity-enhanced polymer deprotonation, were identified as the critical determinants of RNP delivery. Our unconventional approach not only discovered a novel polymeric vehicle that may have remained inaccessible to chemical intuition, but also yielded statistically derived design rules to guide the synthesis of future polymer libraries.
1H NMR Spectrum: A Team-Based Tabletop Game for Molecular Structure Elucidation
Authors: Thammavongsy Zachary , Morris Michael A. , Link Renee
Published: November 2020

The 1H NMR Spectrum game, the first example of a team-based tabletop game focused on elucidating the structures of organic small molecules using 1H NMR spectra, was developed and deployed in a college level organic chemistry lecture course and laboratory course. The tabletop game was designed as a collaborative and competitive group activity to encourage multiple rounds of play to help students reinforce their 1H NMR spectra interpretation skills. While playing in either team-based or free-for-all mode, students analyzed the provided chemical shifts, splitting patterns, integrations, and molecular formula within a designated time limit to correctly deduce the structure associated with the 1H NMR spectrum. After playing the game, students in a lecture course and a laboratory course self-reported that they felt more comfortable solving 1H NMR spectroscopy questions, found the game to be an appealing study aid, and were able to complete multiple rounds of play to strengthen their skills in interpreting 1H NMR spectra. The 1H NMR Spectrum tabletop game may serve as an engaging and competitive group learning tool to supplement teaching on 1H NMR spectroscopy.
High-Pressure Nucleation of Low-Density Polymorphs
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , Ratajczyk Paulina , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: November 2020

The crystallized above 0.3 GPa polymorphs β and γ of bis-3-nitrophenyl disulphide, are less dense than the ambient-pressure polymorph α. This high-entropy nucleation illustrates the molecular-scale mechanism of empirical Ostwald’s rule of stages. This method, in contrast to mechanochemical techniques, is ideally suited the kinetic nucleation of new low-density conformational polymorphs.
Pillar[5]arene-Modified Gold Nanorods as Nanocarriers for Multi-Modal Imaging-Guided Synergistic Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Song Nan , Zhang Zhijun , Liu Peiying , Dai Dihua , Chen Chao , Li Youmei , Wang Lei , Han Ting , Yang Ying-Wei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2020

Supramolecular approaches have opened up vast possibilities in the construction of versatile functional materials, especially those with stimuli-responsiveness and integrated functionalities of multi-modal diagnosis and synergistic therapeutics. In this study, a hybrid theranostic nanosystem named TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR is constructed via facile host-guest interactions, where TTPY-Py is a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission and CP5@AuNR represents the carboxylatopillar[5]arene (CP5)-modified Au nanorods. TTPY-PyÌCP5@AuNR integrates the respective advantages of TTPY-Py and CP5@AuNR such as the high performance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photothermal conversion, and meanwhile shows fluorescence responses to both temperature and pH stimuli due to the non-covalent interactions. The successful modification of CP5 macrocycles on AuNRs surfaces can eliminate the cytotoxicity of AuNRs and enable them to serve as the nanocarrier of TTPY-Py for further theranostic application. Significantly, both in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that this supramolecular nanotheranostic system possesses multiple phototheranostic modalities including intensive fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), indicating its great potentials for FLI-PAI imaging-guided synergistic PDT-PTT therapy. Besides, TTPY-Py can be released from the nanocarriers upon activating by the acidic environment of lysosomes and then specifically light up mitochondria. This study brings up a new strategy into the design of versatile nanotheranostics for accurate tumor imaging and cancer therapies.
Operando Calorimetry Informs the Origin of Rapid Rate Performance in Microwave-Prepared TiNb2O7 Electrodes
Authors: Baek Sun Woong , Wyckoff Kira E. , Butts Danielle M. , Bienz Jadon , LIKITCHATCHAWANKUN AMPOL , Preefer Molleigh B. , Frajnkovic Matevz , dunn Bruce S. , Seshadri Ram , Pilon Laurent
Published: November 2020

The shear-phase compound TiNb2O7 has recently emerged as a safe and high-volumetric density replacement for graphite anodes in lithium ion batteries. An appealing feature of TiNb2O7 is that it retains capacity even at high cycling rates. Here we demonstrate that phase pure and crystalline TiNb2O7 can be rapidly prepared using a high-temperature microwave synthesis method. Studies of the charging and discharging of this material, including through operando calorimetry, permit key thermodynamic parameters to be revealed. The nature of heat generation is dominated by Joule heating, which sensitively changes as the conductivity of the electrode increases with increasing lithiation. The enthalpy of mixing, obtained from operando calorimetry, is found to be small across the different degrees of lithiation pointing to the high rate of lithium ion diffusion at the origin of rapid rate performance.
Electron-Reservoir Effect on a Perylene Diimide Tethered Rhenium Bipyridine Complex for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Koenig Josh D. B. , Dubrawski Zachary , Rao Keerthan , Willkomm Janina , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Risko Chad , Piers Warren , Welch Gregory C.
Published: November 2020

Here we report on a molecular catalyst with a built-in electron-reservoir for enhanced CO2 conversion. The synthesis and characterization of this N-annulated perylene diimide (PDI) photosensitized Re(bpy) supramolecular dyad [Re(bpy-TAz-PDI)], as well as successful electro- and photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion, are detailed herein. Upon electrochemical reduction in the presence of CO2 and a proton source, Re(bpy-TAz-PDI) exhibited significant current enhancement, where the onset of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction for Re(bpy-TAz-PDI) occurred at a much less negative potential than standard Re(bpy) complexes. At an applied potential of -1.8 V vs. Fc+/0, 400 mV lower than the benchmark Re(dmbpy) catalyst, Re(bpy-TAz-PDI) was able to achieve the same catalytic activity (TONco = 24) and Faradaic efficiency (FE = 92 %) during controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments. Through a combination of UV-visible-nearIR spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), FTIR SEC, and chemical reduction experiments, it was shown that the PDI-moiety served as an electron-reservoir for Re(bpy), thereby allowing catalytic activity at lower overpotentials. Density functional theory (DFT) studies probing the optimized geometries, frontier molecular orbitals, and spin-densities of various catalytic intermediates revealed that the geometric configuration of PDI, relative to the Re(bpy)-moiety, plays a critical role in accessing electrons from the electron-reservoir. The near identical performance of Re(bpy-TAz-PDI) at lower overpotentials relative to the benchmark Re(dmbpy) catalyst highlights the utility of organic chromophore electron-reservoirs as a method for lowering the required overpotential for CO2 conversion.
Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part I: Experimental Performance and Characterization
Authors: Moore Stuart , Pinkard Brian , Purohit Anmol L. , Misquith John , Kramlich John , Reinhall Per G. , Novosselov Igor V.
Published: November 2020

A small-scale supercritical water oxidation reactor is designed and fabricated to study the destruction of hazardous wastes. The downward bulk flow is heated with the introduction of pilot fuel (ethanol/water mixture), and oxidant (H2O2/water mixture). Both streams are introduced coaxially. The fuel dilution is varied from 2 to 7 mol% ethanol/water, and the oxidant-to-fuel stoichiometric equivalence ratio (ΦAF), is varied from 1.1 to 1.5. Higher ethanol concentrations in the pilot fuel stream and operation near-stoichiometric results in a more stratified temperature profile, i.e., highest local fluid temperatures near the top and the lowest temperatures at the bottom of the reactor. Steady operation at 603.5 °C is achieved with a nominal residence time of 25.3 s at 7 mol% fuel dilution and ΦAF of 1.1. At the lowest pilot fuel dilution (2 mol%), the temperature profile is nearly uniform, approaching a distributed reaction regime.
Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey
Authors: Bianca Princeton  , Abilasha R  , Preetha S
Published: November 2020

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.