bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptor Protein Complexes 1 and 3 Are Essential for Generation of Synaptic Vesicles from Activity-Dependent Bulk Endosomes
Authors: Cheung Giselle , Cousin Michael A.
Published: April 2012

Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis is the dominant synaptic vesicle retrieval mode during high intensity stimulation in central nerve terminals. A key event in this endocytosis mode is the generation of new vesicles from bulk endosomes, which replenish the reserve vesicle pool. We have identified an essential requirement for both adaptor protein complexes 1 and 3 in this process by employing morphological and optical tracking of bulk endosome-derived synaptic vesicles in rat primary neuronal cultures. We show that brefeldin A inhibits synaptic vesicle generation from bulk endosomes and that both brefeldin A knockdown and shRNA knockdown of either adaptor protein 1 or 3 subunits inhibit reserve pool replenishment from bulk endosomes. Conversely, no plasma membrane function was found for adaptor protein 1 or 3 in either bulk endosome formation or clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Simultaneous knockdown of both adaptor proteins 1 and 3 indicated that they generated the same population of synaptic vesicles. Thus, adaptor protein complexes 1 and 3 play an essential dual role in generation of synaptic vesicles during activity-dependent bulk endocytosis.
Effect of Low Power Deposition and Low Oxidation Temperature on the Interfacial and Structural Properties of sputtered HfO2 Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Minko Auxence , Belo Gustavo S. , Rudenja Sergei , Buchanan Douglas A.
Published: April 2012

Hafnium dioxide gate dielectrics, prepared by DC magnetron with low-power sputtering deposition followed by a low-temperature thermal oxidation, show greatly improved interfacial and electrical properties. Ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements show a good stoichiometric HfO2 thin films with a refractive index of 1.9 and an Hf:O ratio of 1:2. The results obtained after analysis, quantification and calculation through XPS depth profile method, angle resolved XPS and interface modeling by XPS data processing software suggest a development of a complex three layer dielectric stack, including hafnium dioxide layer, a narrow interface of hafnium silicate and broad region of oxygen diffusion into silicon wafer. The measured dielectric constant of the HfO2 was about 22. The film band-gap was found to be ∼ 5.2 eV.
Amorphous silicon Bragg reflectors fabricated by oblique angle deposition
Authors: Jang S. J. , Yeo C. I. , Lee Y. T.
Published: April 2012

We demonstrate the highly reflective broadband a-Si distributed Bragg reflector fabricated by oblique angle deposition. By tuning the refractive index of a-Si film, the high index contrast material system was achieved. The broadband reflective characteristics of a-Si distributed Bragg reflector were investigated by calculation and fabrication. The broad stop band (Δλ/λ=33.7%, R>99%) with only a five-pair a-Si distributed Bragg reflector was achieved experimentally at center wavelength of 650, 980, and 1550 nm. The size-, feature- and substrate-independent method for highly reflective Bragg reflectors was realized by simple oblique angle evaporation.
Rapid Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnGa2O4 Phosphor at Low Temperature
Authors: Kulkarni Suresh D. , Shivashankar S. A.
Published: April 2012

A novel microwave-assisted synthesis technique was used for the rapid preparation of nanocrystalline ZnGa2O4 at two different temperatures. The crystalline spinel oxide is formed at temperatures as low as 100 oC within few minutes, at a high yield of 96%, requiring no post-synthesis annealing. The as-prepared samples are polycrystalline and phase-pure as verified by XRD, with a crystallite size of ∼5 nm. Polycrystalline ZnGa2O4 substituted with Mn2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Co2+ was also similarly prepared. All samples are highly monodispersed, as measured by TEM. The ZnGa2O4 nanocrystals without further surface modification can be readily dispersed in chloroform to form a fully transparent colloidal solution, using which the bandgap of ZnGa2O4 was determined to be ~4.5 eV. The entire synthesis procedure, including solution preparation, microwave irradiation, and centrifugation takes about 30 minutes, which is faster than any procedure reported for a complex oxide like ZnGa2O4, as well as one with a small thermal budget. Photoluminescence shows a broad emission extending from 330 nm to 800 nm, which is surmised to be due to the defect structure in the oxide produced.
Silêncio e luto impossível em famílias de desaparecidos políticos brasileiros
Authors: Silva Míria Ribeiro Neto da , Féres-Carneiro Terezinha
Published: April 2012

Tendo como cenário a história política recente do Brasil e partindo dos fundamentos da teoria da transmissão psíquica geracional, o presente trabalho discute as questões relacionadas ao luto impossível e ao silêncio imposto pelos "segredos de Estado" às famílias de ativistas políticos desaparecidos durante o regime militar. Para ilustrar a discussão, dois membros de duas famílias de desaparecidos políticos, indicados pelo grupo Tortura Nunca Mais, foram entrevistados. Essas famílias ainda buscam preencher uma memória esburacada, que só poderá ser resgatada pela inscrição temporal dos acontecimentos, através da ritualização do luto e do conhecimento das circunstâncias da morte de seus entes, finalizando um ciclo inacabado. As situações traumáticas não reconhecidas pela sociedade, e por isso não legitimadas, provocaram nessas famílias uma incapacidade de elaboração do trauma e de sua superação.
Engraftment of human adipose derived stem cells delivered in a hyaluronic acid preparation in mice
Authors: Dietrich Isa , Cochet Olivia , Villageois Phi , Rodrigues Consuelo Junqueira
Published: April 2012

PURPOSE: To evaluate the implant of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) delivered in hyaluronic acid gel (HA), injected in the subcutaneous of athymic mice. METHODS: Control implants -HA plus culture media was injected in the subcutaneous of the left sub scapular area of 12 athymic mice. ADSC implants: HA plus ADSC suspended in culture media was injected in the subcutaneous, at the contra lateral area, of the same animals. With eight weeks, animals were sacrificed and the recovered implants were processed for extraction of genomic DNA, and histological study by hematoxilin-eosin staining and immunufluorescence using anti human vimentin and anti von Willebrand factor antibodies. RESULTS: Controls: Not visualized at the injection site. An amorphous substance was observed in hematoxilin-eosin stained sections. Human vimentin and anti von Willebrand factor were not detected. No human DNA was detected. ADSC implants - A plug was visible at the site of injection. Fusiform cells were observed in sections stained by hematoxilin- eosin and both human vimentin and anti von Willebrand factor were detected by immunofluorescence. The presence of human DNA was confirmed. CONCLUSION: The delivery of human adipose derived stem cells in preparations of hyaluronic acid assured cells engraftment at the site of injection.
Comparative study between polypropylene and polypropylene/poliglecaprone meshes used in the correction of abdominal wall defect in rats
Authors: Utrabo Carlos Alberto Lima , Czeczko Nicolau Gregori , Busato Cesar Roberto , Montemor-Netto Mario Rodrigues , Malafaia Osvaldo , Dietz Ulrich Andreas
Published: April 2012

PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing process of a defect in the ventral abdominal wall of rats, comparing the polypropylene and polypropylene/poliglecaprone meshes on the 30th and 60th postoperative day. METHODS: Thirty two Wistar rats were submitted to a ventral abdominal wall defect, with integrity of the parietal peritoneum. In the repair, were used polypropylene (group A) and polypropylene/poliglecaprone (group B) meshes. The groups were subdivided into four subgroups of eight animals euthanized on the 30th (A30 and B30) and 60th postoperative day (A60 and B60). Fragments of the abdominal wall of the animals were submitted to macroscopic, tensiometric and histological evaluations. RESULTS: The tensiometry on subgroup A30 showed a mean average break point of 0.78 MPa and in A60, 0.66 Mpa. In subgroup B30 it was 0.84 MPa and in B60, 1.27 Mpa. The score of the inflammatory process showed subacute phase on A30 and B30 sub-groups and chronic inflammatory process in subgroups A30 and 60B. CONCLUSIONS: The tensile strength was higher on the wall repaired by polypropylene/poliglecaprone mesh in the 60th post-operative day. Histology showed higher concentration of fibrosis on the surface of the polypropylene mesh with a tendency to encapsulation. In polypropylene/poliglecaprone subgroups the histology showed higher concentration of fibrosis on the surface of mesh filaments.
Relações entre práticas educativas maternas e problemas de externalização em pré-escolares
Authors: Alvarenga Patrícia , Magalhães Mauro de Oliveira , Gomes Quele de Souza
Published: April 2012

Este estudo investigou relações entre as práticas educativas maternas e os problemas de externalização na infância. Participaram 64 díades mãe-criança, selecionadas em escolas públicas (68,8%) e particulares (31,3%) de Salvador, Bahia, por meio de amostragem por acessibilidade e também por indicações feitas pelas participantes. Os dados foram coletados em visitas domiciliares ou nas escolas. As mães responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, a uma entrevista estruturada sobre as práticas educativas maternas e ao Inventário de Comportamentos da Infância e Adolescência 4-18 anos. A análise de regressão linear múltipla revelou que o modelo que incluiu como variáveis preditoras dos problemas de externalização a escolaridade materna, a renda familiar e as práticas negociação e troca e punição física explicou 15,8% da variância nos problemas de externalização. Discute-se o impacto da punição física no desenvolvimento dos problemas de externalização e o poder preditivo do nível de instrução e da renda familiar em relação às práticas educativas parentais.
Ser oficial combatente do Exército: uma delegação transgeracional?
Authors: Molina Silvana de Fátima Lima , Dias Cristina Maria de Souza Brito
Published: April 2012

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a influência exercida pelo pai, oficial do exército, na decisão do filho para seguir a carreira militar e como este último percebe a referida carreira. Especificamente, procurou-se analisar as motivações que levaram à escolha pela carreira por parte dos filhos; os ganhos obtidos e as dificuldades para exercer a carreira; o papel da família e as expectativas acerca do futuro. A pesquisa foi realizada com 20 cadetes alunos da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras, que responderam a uma entrevista analisada de acordo com a técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados apontaram a forte influência do pai, o apoio da família, além da convivência diária com a rotina e as normas da instituição como as principais motivações para a escolha da carreira. O sentimento de orgulho e de honra perpassara todas as entrevistas, embora os participantes tenham reconhecido ser uma carreira caracterizada por perdas, sacrifícios e esforço constante. As expectativas de futuro remetem ao desejo de contínua dedicação para melhorar o desempenho e as colocações, bem como a construção de uma família.
First confirmed case of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in foals in Brazil
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Moreira Felipe Moraghi , Rezende Jackeline Viana , Pires Prhiscylla Sadanã , Maranhão Renata de Pino Albuquerque , Palhares Maristela Silveira , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria
Published: April 2012

Despite of the substantial role of Clostridium difficile in causing diarrhea and colitis in foals, there have been no confirmed diagnoses of disease caused by this bacteria in Brazil. In this paper, we describe confirmed cases of colitis caused by C. difficile in two foals in Brazil. Two five-month-old foals with a five-day history of diarrhea after antibiotic treatment for a respiratory disease were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected, and toxigenic strains of C. difficile were isolated from the foals' feces. The treatment was based on fluid therapy and antibiotics (metronidazole and ceftiofur), and the animals experienced a gradual recovery. The association between the medical history, clinical signs, laboratory exam results and therapeutic success confirmed the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. The present report raises the possibility that C. difficile is also a pathogen in equines in Brazil and highlights the need for up to date routine laboratory protocols for the diagnosis of this disease.
Interdisciplinaridade e a orientação do educador
Authors: Caldana Regina Helena Lima
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e discutir como vem se processando a resposta dos profissionais (especialemente dos psicólogos) a uma procura de orientação para a educação da criança. Para tanto recorre-se a uma abordagem interdisciplinar que permite, ao mesmo tempo, analisar: a) as dificuldades e problemas experienciados pelos adultos no papel de socializadores; b) os diferentes tipos de orientação "técnicas e científicas" a eles fornecidas; c) as necessidades de apoio em outras áreas do saber, especialmente a história da criança, da educação e da família, para compreender o contexto e propor melhores estratégias de orientação aos educadores.
Formação em psicologia: a perspectiva da carta de Serra Negra
Authors: Japur Marisa
Published: April 2012

A Carta de Serra Negra é o documento síntese de um encontro, promovido pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia, entre representantes de todos os Cursos de Psicologia do país. Ele enuncia sete Princípios Norteadores da Formação em Psicologia e dez Sugestões de Operacionalização desses Princípios. Este estudo teve por objetivo: a) conhecer a opinião de professores e alunos de um Curso de Psicologia sobre essa carta e b) proceder a uma avaliação do Curso de Psicologia da FFCLRP-USP, tendo por base esse mesmo documento. Os resultados apontam a dificuldade de se elaborar um subsídio comum a todos os Cursos de Psicologia e questionam a relação entre os Princípios e as Sugestões enunciados pela Carta de Serra Negra.
"Perdeu a veia": significados da prática da terapia intravenosa na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Rodrigues Elisa da Conceição , Cunha Sueli Rezende , Gomes Romeu
Published: April 2012

A terapia intravenosa (TIV) destaca-se entre as tecnologias imprescindíveis para garantir a sobrevivência dos recém-nascidos de risco. Contudo, é fonte de dor, estresse e complicações graves. O objeto de estudo foram os significados da prática da terapia intravenosa na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN), mais especificamente: analisar os significados atribuídos à prática da TIV pela equipe e discutir como esses significados refletem no cuidado do recém-nascido. Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico com referencial teórico da antropologia cultural, realizado em uma UTIN pública do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram nove enfermeiros, quatro médicos, três técnicos e quatro auxiliares de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas foi realizada utilizando-se o método da interpretação dos sentidos. Os significados, quando entrelaçados na "teia cultural", revelaram que a prática da TIV é reduzida a técnicas de punção venosa periférica, acarretando sérios agravos para os recém-nascidos e desgaste emocional para a equipe e a família. A ressignificação da prática da terapia intravenosa será possível a partir da reflexão crítica dos padrões culturais nos quais ela se estrutura.
O nutricionista no programa de alimentação escolar: avaliação de uma experiência de formação a partir de grupos focais
Authors: Santos Lígia Amparo da Silva , Paiva Janaína Braga de , Mello Adriana Lima , Fontes Gardênia Abreu Vieira , Sampaio Lilian Ramos , Freitas Maria do Carmo Soares de
Published: April 2012

OBJETIVO: O estudo objetivou analisar os resultados relativos à avaliação de um Programa de Formação para Nutricionistas que atuam no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar da região Nordeste. Este programa foi desenvolvido pelo Centro Colaborador em Alimentação e Nutrição do Escolar da Universidade Federal da Bahia em parceria com o Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, nos idos de 2007 e 2008. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram produzidos através da técnica de grupos focais com nutricionistas que participaram do Programa de Formação. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais e os dados produzidos foram organizados em duas categorias de análise: sobre a aprendizagem durante a formação e sobre a capacidade de instituição de mudanças. RESULTADOS: Os participantes eram predominantemente do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 20 e 35 anos e haviam participado do Programa de Formação pelo menos três meses antes do estudo. Em relação à avaliação do programa de formação, pôde-se afirmar que o mesmo não apenas proporcionou um aprimoramento técnico-científico em torno dos temas pertinentes à prática profissional exigida, mas também à dimensão ético-política do trabalho. Enfatizou-se que estimulou a mobilização na perspectiva do fortalecimento da categoria, incentivou as parcerias entre os diferentes agentes e setores e fomentou o planejamento de novas ações valorizando o uso da legislação. CONCLUSÃO: A perspectiva dialógica foi marcante para os participantes, que puderam confrontar as suas realidades com as dos demais, possibilitando reflexão coletiva sobre a atuação do nutricionista no campo da alimentação escolar.
Frutanos do tipo inulina e aumento da absorção de cálcio: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Capriles Vanessa Dias , Arêas José Alfredo Gomes
Published: April 2012

Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre os efeitos do consumo de frutanos do tipo inulina na absorção de cálcio. Resultados de quatro dos sete ensaios clínicos duplo-cegos controlados aleatorizados relatados neste trabalho indicam que o consumo diário da mistura de frutanos (inulina e oligofrutose 1:1) aumenta a absorção de cálcio, dependendo da idade cronológica e fisiológica, bem como do estado menopausal de indivíduos saudáveis que consomem quantidades adequadas de cálcio. O número limitado de ensaios clínicos realizados e as diferenças relativas ao planejamento experimental, tempo de estudo, tipo e quantidade de frutano consumido (inulina, oligofrutose ou a mistura de ambos), bem como a faixa etária dos indivíduos, impedem a generalização dos resultados observados. Esta revisão demonstra a necessidade de mais ensaios clínicos de longa duração, nos quais tanto a absorção de cálcio como a densidade mineral óssea sejam avaliadas. Futuros estudos devem contribuir para a compreensão dos mecanismos de ação dos frutanos no aumento da absorção de cálcio; para avaliar se esse efeito persiste em longo prazo e se pode ser considerado como benefício real para a saúde óssea; e para testar se tais efeitos poderiam beneficiar indivíduos de outras faixas etárias e diferentes condições fisiológicas. Evidências científicas consistentes e acumuladas ainda são necessárias para poder considerar o consumo de frutanos como uma estratégia de prevenção da osteoporose.
Detection of Neospora sp. antibodies in cart horses from urban areas of Curitiba, Southern Brazil
Authors: Villalobos Eliana Monteforte Cassaro , Furman Keiko Endo , Lara Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold , Cunha Elenice Maria Sequetin , Finger Mariane Angélica , Busch Ana Paula Brenner , Barros Filho Ivan Roque de , Deconto Ivan , Dornbusch Peterson Triches , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: April 2012

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which affects dogs as definitive hosts and several mammalian species as intermediate hosts mainly causing abortions and central nervous system disorders. The reemerging population of cart horses for carrying recycling material in urban areas of major cities in Brazil may have an impact on disease spreading, and these animals may be used as sentinels for environmental surveillance. Thus, the present study investigated the frequency of Neospora sp. antibodies in cart horses from Curitiba and surrounding areas, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. IgG antibodies against Neospora sp. were detected using indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and titers equal to or higher than 1:50 were considered reactive. Of all samples, 14/97 (14.4%) were positive: 2/29 (6.9%) were younger than 5; 5/26 (19.2%) between 6 and 9; and 6/31 (19.4%) older than 10 years of age. One of the 11 animals with unknown age was positive (9.1%). Cart horses are likely to be more exposed to dog feces and to Neospora sp. oocyst contamination in urban settings and a lower frequency of disease in dogs may have a negative impact on horse infection risk in these areas.
Consciousness and personal identity
Authors: Govedarica Milanko
Published: April 2012

In this study has been supported non-reductive physicalism in philosophy of personal identity. In the course of discussion has been shown that non-reductive physicalism implies the idea of autonomy of consciousness. The author explains that personal identity is closely connected to physical identity of person, but without possibility of strict reduction. In that context personal identity is defined as unique and non-reductive form, which is based on autonomy of consciousness and autobiographical narration.
Filozofija i nauka kod poznog Huserla u radovima Zagorke Micic
Authors: Gordic Aleksandar
Published: April 2012

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On the failure of reductionism in cosmology
Authors: Cirkovic Milan
Published: April 2012

I consider several examples of failure of the reductionist approach to explanation in cosmology. I show that they form natural boundaries on this type of explanatory projects. Finally, some speculations regarding possible causes of so uneven success of reductionist explanations are given.
Die ansichten von toleranz und intoleranz
Authors: Jakovljevic Dragan
Published: April 2012

(nemacki) Dieser Aufsatz bring zun?chst eine Betrachtung ?ber die Bedingungen, unter denen von einer Duldsamkeit sinnvollerweise gesprochen werden kann. Dem folgend wird ein Versuch entsprechender Begriffsbestimmung unternommen, wobei die Zweigbegriffe einer passiven (negativen) und einer t?tigen (positiven) Toleranz ausgegrenzt werden. Der Verfasser weist zur?ck die kognitivistische Auslegung wie diese von J. Habermas vertreten wird als einseitig und empirisch unangem??en, und versucht anders als er die Frage nach der Natur des uns zum Tolerieren bewegenden R?sonieren zu kl?ren, sowie weshalb es eigentlich als gerechtfertigt anzusehen ist. Die Frage, ob die Toleranz als Ergebnis der freien Handlungswahl zu gelten hat, wird relativiert darauf, ob sie als ein moralisches Ph?nomen eingestuft wird. Neben der Pr?senz der freien Handlungswahl wird in dem Falle auch noch die Hanlungsbestimmung durch eine werthafte ?berzeugung in die Richtigkeit von der Differenzenachtung und dem duldsamen Umgehen mit ihnen als der eigentliche Handlungsgrund mitgemeint. Der Verfasser verweist aber zugleich auf weietere m?gliche und in gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit real t?tige Weisen zur Generierung von Toleranz und / oder Intoleranz. Abschliessend wird auf die Nuancenunterschiede hingewiesen bei der Fragestellung nach dem Tolerieren innerhalb von bestimmten Gesellschaften einerseits, und der derselben Fragestellung auf der zwischenstaatlichen bzw. interkulturellen Ebene andererseits.
Asymmetric subjectivity
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: April 2012

The author inspects the reasons because of which of the Levinas' thematic of being becomes completely irrelevant as a fundamental ontology and phenomenology of constitution. Levinas will legitimize his opinion as phenomenological while trying to affirm the basic phenomenological position that the origin of our cognitions is always based upon the mutual world. The concept of asymmetric subjectivity is the only possibility for answering the philosophical demand that the others do not appear to me via a prearranged coordinate system of selfness. After confronting the Lipps' Theory of 'Verdoppelung' and the Husserl's transcendental ego, the second part explores the difficulties which Levinas' imperative of absolute otherness is faced with. By all means, he preserves the asymmetric structure of subjectivity, but he also faces it with the difficulties of self-induct as subjectivity.
Lessing's aesthetics and the idea of subjectivity
Authors: Draskic-Vicanovic Iva
Published: April 2012

In the text Lessing's Aesthetics and the Idea of Subjectivity has been analysed the meaning of the term 'enlightenment'. In this context the author offers an unusual interpretation of the term enlightenment - through the prism of the idea of subjectivity - as the power of human mind to cast the light and give intonation to it's object. In this paper the thought of G. E. Lessing has been recognized as the birthplace of this connotation of the term enlightenment. Using the analysis of Lessing's key thesis in his famous Laokoon, author develops her thesis that an important aspect of the idea of subjectivity in eighteenth century has been formed within the Lessing's philosophy.
From biology to ethics: The future of evolution as humanity's path to justice
Authors: Rakic Vojin
Published: April 2012

The future evolution of the human might not be marked so much by his physical change, as by his moral development. I will offer three arguments in favor of the thesis that humanity is gradually moving in the direction of superior moral relations, i.e. the configuration of individuals and societies with an expanded inclination toward justice. The first argument is Kant's, the second Doyle's (which is in fact an indirect argument), while the third one is my own contribution to the discussion. All three arguments I will not only present, but also explain how they relate to each other. I will conclude that the thesis about the gradual development of humanity in the direction of social relations with a stronger foundation in justice can be cogently substantiated.
Hajdegerova kritika Huserlove fenomenoloske redukcije
Authors: Grubor Nebojsa
Published: April 2012

(nemacki) Die Grundfrage seiner Philosophie, die Frage nach dem Sinn von Sein, stellt Heidegger in einer kritischen Ablehnung sowohl von der traditionellen, antischen und modernen als auch von der gegenw?rtigen Philosophie. Heideggers Kritik von Husserls Konzeption der ph?nomenologischen Reduktion auf dem Leitfaden der Seinsfrage bezeichnet zugleich die Formulation Heideggers eigenen philosophischen Programms der Gewinnung der Frage nach dem Sinn von Sein ?berhaupt. Im Text wird zuerst die Frage nach dem Sinn von Sein in Heideggers Philosophie behandelt (I), dann folgt die Er?rterung von Heideggers Kritik von Husserls Begriff der Ph?nomenologie und der ph?nomenologischen Reduktion aus der Vorlesungen Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegiffs (1925) (II) und am Ende wird Heideggers Deutung des Verh?ltnisses von der Intentionalit?t und der Transzendenz aus der Vorlesungen Die Grundprobleme der Ph?nomenologie (1927) und Die metphysische Anfangsgr?nde der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz (1928) erl?utert.
Other/the other: Tradition of reducing the other to an other
Authors: Bratina Boris
Published: April 2012

Modern thought essentially reduced The Other to that which is mere other. The result was knowledge in function of power and domination. Nevertheless, one should seek for solution in idea of ethical transcendence, a concept that possesses highly emancipative potentials towards a world with more justice and liberty.
Is U.S. Multinational Dividend Repatriation Policy Influenced by Reporting Incentives?
Authors: Blouin Jennifer L. , Krull Linda K. , Robinson Leslie A.
Published: April 2012

This study finds evidence that public-company reporting by U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) creates disincentives to repatriate foreign earnings to the U.S. and contributes to the accumulation of cash abroad. MNCs operate under U.S. international tax laws and financial reporting rules and face two potential consequences when they repatriate foreign earnings: a cash payment for repatriation taxes and a reduction in reported accounting earnings. Using a confidential dataset of financial and operating characteristics of foreign affiliates of MNCs combined with public-company data, we examine how repatriation amounts vary across firms that face relatively strong reporting incentives to defer an accounting expense. Our results suggest that reporting incentives reduce repatriations by about 17 to 21 percent annually.

Data Availability: Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) data were made available to the authors under a legal confidentiality arrangement; all non-BEA data are available from public sources.
Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain
Authors: Guedes Alonso G. P. , Matthews Nora S. , Hood David M.
Published: April 2012

Objective—To investigate the effects of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of pain associated with naturally occurring chronic laminitis.

Animals—15 client-owned adult horses with chronic laminitis.

Procedures—Each horse received tramadol alone or tramadol and ketamine in a randomized, crossover study (≥ 2 months between treatments). Tramadol (5 mg/kg) was administered orally every 12 hours for 1 week. When appropriate, ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) was administered IV for 6 hours on each of the first 3 days of tramadol administration. Noninvasive systemic blood pressure values, heart and respiratory rates, intestinal sounds, forelimb load and off-loading frequency (determined via force plate system), and plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and thromboxane B2 concentrations were assessed before (baseline) during (7 days) and after (3 days) each treatment.

Results—Compared with baseline data, arterial blood pressure decreased significantly both during and after tramadol-ketamine treatment but not with tramadol alone. Forelimb off-loading frequency significantly decreased during the first 3 days of treatment with tramadol only, returning to baseline frequency thereafter. The addition of ketamine to tramadol treatment reduced off-loading frequency both during and after treatment. Forelimb load did not change with tramadol alone but increased with tramadol-ketamine treatment. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and thromboxane B2 were significantly reduced with tramadol-ketamine treatment but not with tramadol alone.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses with chronic laminitis, tramadol administration induced limited analgesia, but this effect was significantly enhanced by administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine.
Evaluation of oral administration of firocoxib for the management of musculoskeletal pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis in horses
Authors: Orsini James A. , Ryan William G. , Carithers Douglas S. , Boston Raymond C.
Published: April 2012

Objective—To generate data on the effects of firocoxib administration to horses with osteoarthritis.

Animals—Client-owned horses with signs of lameness and joint pain associated with osteoarthritis.

Procedures—Firocoxib was administered as an oral paste (0.1 mg/kg, q 24 h) for 14 days. Assessments were performed on day 0 (baseline) and days 7 and 14.

Results—390 of 429 horses from 80 sites in 25 states met the criteria for analysis. Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred were the 2 most commonly represented breeds, comprising half of the study population. Signs of musculoskeletal pain or lameness attributed to osteoarthritis were diagnosed in a single joint in 197 (197/390 [50.5%]) horses and in multiple joints in 193 (193/390 [49.5%]) horses. In those with involvement of a single joint, the tarsus was the most frequently affected joint (79/197 [40.1 %]). Among the 390 horses with complete lameness data, improvement was reported in approximately 80% by day 14. Investigators rated 307 (78.7%) horses as improved, whereas owners or handlers rated 316 (81.0%) horses as improved at the termination of the study. Horses treated with firocoxib paste had significant improvement in lameness scores from baseline values. Improvement was most rapid within the first 7 days after starting treatment and continued, albeit at a slower rate, through treatment day 14.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Firocoxib significantly improved lameness scores throughout the 14-day period with few adverse effects. Firocoxib can be a safe cyclooxygenase-2–specific NSAID for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis.
Deconstruction and Psychoanalysis: ‘A Problematic Proximity’
Authors: Trumbull Robert
Published: April 2012

This essay explores Derrida's work on repetition in psychoanalysis and what Freud, in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, called the ‘compulsion to repeat’. Revising the model of the psyche that had to that point dominated his theory, Freud began in 1920 to ascribe greater significance to experiences of trauma and unpleasure, and to their recurrence in the analytic treatment. This type of repeated repetition ultimately suggested to Freud the existence of a ‘death drive’ antithetical to life. I examine here how Derrida re-reads Beyond in The Post Card, analysing the way uncontrollable effects of repetition repeatedly undo Freud's efforts to make any progress on what lies beyond the pleasure principle. Another ‘logic’ of repetition, other than the one Freud invokes, inhabits Freud's text, threatening the fundamental opposition between the life drives and the death drive. But in reading Freud in this way, Derrida himself cannot quite ‘do justice to’ Freud, to the ambivalence at work in Freud's text. At certain key moments in his reading of Beyond the Pleasure Principle, I show, Derrida seems to restrict an ambiguity in Freud's thinking around the relation between life and death. What Derrida's reading makes legible in part, then, is Derrida's resistance to psychoanalysis, the tension inhabiting Derrida's dealings with Freud in The Post Card and beyond.
Preparation of SRN1-Type Coupling Adducts from Aliphatic gem-Dinitro Compounds in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Toyoshima Seiichi
Published: April 2012

SRN1-type coupling adducts are readily prepared by the reaction between a-sulfonylesters or a-cyanosulfones and gem-dinitro compounds in ionic liquids. The reactions progress smoothly and recovered ionic liquids can be used for several iterations, as long as they are washed with water to remove alkali metallic salts. The reaction rate is slower than the corresponding SRN1 reaction in DMSO, but no acceleration on irradiation or no inhibition in the presence of m-DNB are observed.
Goniometric measurements of the forelimb and hindlimb joints in sheep
Authors: Govoni V. M. , Agostinho F. S , Conceição R. T. , Tsunemi M. H. , El-Warrak A. O. , Rahal S. C.
Published: April 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate angle-of-motion values for the forelimb and hindlimb in clinically healthy adult Santa Ines sheep by means of a standard goniometer.

Methods: Twenty female Santa Ines sheep, ranging in age between three- to six-yearsold, and weighing 32–45 kg (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 30.4 ± 3.7) were used. A standard transparent plastic goniometer was used to measure passive maximum flexion, maximum extension, and range-of-motion (ROM) of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints in the right and left limbs. The goniometric measurements were done with the sheep awake and in a standing position. The measurements were made in triplicate by two independent investigators.

Results: In all evaluated joints, there was no significant difference either between the means of the two sides or between measurements performed by the two investigators. The mean ± SD values of the measurements (degrees) were as follows: 20 ± 1 (flexion), 170 ± 2 (extension), and 150 ± 2 (ROM) for the carpal joint; 34 ± 4 (flexion), 145 ± 6 (extension), and 110 ± 4 (ROM) for the elbow joint; 88 ± 2 (flexion), 144 ± 6 (extension), and 56 ± 5 (ROM) for shoulder joint; 35 ± 4 (flexion), 163 ± 3 (extension), and 129 ± 4 (ROM) for tarsal joint; 46 ± 4 (flexion), 146 ± 6 (extension), and 100 ± 4 (ROM) for the stifle joint; 54 ± 3 (flexion), 143 ± 7 (extension), and 89 ± 5 (ROM) for the hip joint.

Clinical significance: The data obtained provide useful and objective information on the joints. More studies are necessary using other sheep breeds.
Latero-distal transposition of the tibial crest in cases of medial patellar luxation with patella alta
Authors: Segal U. , Or M. , Shani J.
Published: April 2012

Medial patellar luxation is defined as medial displacement of the patella from the trochlear groove. In dogs, medial luxations account for 75% of all patellar luxation cases, and are frequently associated with patella alta. Common surgical treatments for medial luxation are trochleoplasty and lateral transposition of the crest to drive the patella into the correct anatomical alignment. Postoperative complications for this procedure are estimated to be between 18–29% of cases, with up to 48% of complications involving reluxation. It was previously hypothesized that in cases of medial luxation involving patella alta, the addition of a distal component to the lateral tibial crest transposition will result in repositioning of the patella into its proper position in the trochlear groove, thus reducing the recurrence of luxation. We performed this modified procedure on 14 dogs (17 limbs) that were suffering from medial luxation combined with patella alta, and our results led to favourable clinical outcomes. This modified surgical procedure places the patella into a more normal proximodistal anatomical position, is simple to perform, and may become common practice for surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation with an alta component.
Investigation of the network of preferred interactions in an artificial coiled-coil association using the peptide array technique
Authors: Rezaei Araghi Raheleh , Mahrenholz Carsten C , Volkmer Rudolf , Koksch Beate
Published: April 2012

We screened a randomized library and identified natural peptides that bound selectively to a chimeric peptide containing α-, β- and γ-amino acids. The SPOT arrays provide a means for the systematic study of the possible interaction space accessible to the αβγ-chimera. The mutational analysis reveals the dependence of the binding affinities of α-peptides to the αβγ-chimera, on the hydrophobicity and bulkiness of the side chains at the corresponding hydrophobic interface. The stability of the resulting heteroassemblies was further confirmed in solution by CD and thermal denaturation.
Care for Residents with Dementia in an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Sharpp Tara J. , Kayser-Jones Jeanie S. , Young Heather M.
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this prospective, ethnographic study was to describe and analyze the care of residents with dementia in an assisted living facility (ALF) providing dementia care. Participant observation and interviews with 20 employees were used to obtain data. Data were collected and analyzed over a period of 6 months. Four major themes emerged from the data: (a) Caregivers’ Level of Knowledge of Dementia, (b) Caregivers’ Lack of Knowledge in Preventing or Assessing Acute Illnesses, (c) Limitations in Monitoring and Reporting Resident Changes, and (d) Inappropriate Medication Administration. Forty percent of the residents (
N
= 35) were admitted to the hospital over 6 months. The problems in providing quality care in this facility demonstrate the need for gerontological nurses in ALFs, who would improve care by assessing and monitoring the residents and by supervising and educating the caregivers.
Wildfire Consumption and Interannual Impacts by Land Cover in Alaskan Boreal Forest
Authors: Kolden Crystal A. , Abatzoglou John T.
Published: April 2012

Boreal forest fires are an important source of terrestrial carbon emissions, particularly during years of widespread wildfires. Most carbon emission models parameterize wildfire impacts and carbon flux to area burned by fires, therein making the assumption that fires consume a spatiotemporally homogeneous landscape composed of predominantly spruce forests and peat bogs with deep duff layers. While recent efforts have demonstrated that boreal forest fires heterogeneously consume aboveground vegetation, little remains known about the vegetation consumed during such fires. We examined climate, land cover, area burned, and fire impacts for large fires (2002 to 2009) across the Alaskan boreal landscape to address the validity of assumptions made by carbon emissions models for boreal fires. Results indicated that while coniferous vegetation, particularly spruce forests and spruce bogs, comprised the majority of the area burned in all years, shrub land cover comprised a substantial proportion (up to 35 %) of the area burned during warmer years of the study period. Interannual climate variability significantly influenced both the proportion of vegetation classes burned and the distribution of fire impacts across years and vegetation classes. We found that surface fuel modifications were sensitive to both the vegetation type that burned and climatic conditions. Area burned is an inadequate input metric for increasingly refined carbon emissions models, and consideration of heterogeneous fire impacts may improve carbon emissions modeling.
Ossifying Fibroma of the Ethmoid Sinuses: Rare Scenarios
Authors: Kumar Raj , Bhavana Kranti , Keshri Amit , Aggarwal Sushil Kumar , Upadhyay Deepika , Pandey Rakesh
Published: April 2012

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor, which is a distinct entity, despite being closely related to fibrous dysplasia, according to WHO classification of 2005.1 It is commonly found in mandible and maxilla but rarely found in ethmoid sinuses, orbit and skull base.2-4 It commonly occurs in age group of 20 to 40 years,5,6 although rarely, it can present in all age groups. OF is more common in females than males.4,7 We describe here two cases of OF involving the ethmoid sinuses in young male patients which presented diagnostic dilemmas for us. We report these cases as the site of involvement, age group and sex of patients and diagnostic and management considerations imparted uniqueness to these cases.
UVA/Riboflavin Cross-Linking as an Alternative Treatment for Therapeutic Keratoplasty in Corneal Melting
Authors: Tassignon MJ , Koppen C , Al-Sabai N
Published: April 2012

Purpose

To demonstrate the effectiveness of UVA/riboflavin cross-linking (CXL) in the treatment of therapy resistant corneal melting of different etiology.

Methods

This paper describes a series of four cases presenting severe ulcerative keratitis with infectious and noninfectious causes. In spite of intensive medical treatment, corneal melting did develop in all four eyes. CXL was performed to avoid imminent corneal perforation.

Results

After CXL, there was a rapid improvement in two eyes which healed completely within a month. In the other two eyes, an emergency keratoplasty had to be performed.

Conclusion

This case series highlights the effectiveness of CXL in the treatment of corneal melting as an addition to our current therapeutic armamentarium. Improvement can be expected in a few days after treatment. CXL can be considered as an adjunct therapy as soon as melting appears in severe corneal ulcers not responding to conventional, intensive treatment.

How to cite this article

Al-Sabai N, Koppen C, Tassignon MJ. UVA/Riboflavin Cross-Linking as an Alternative Treatment for Therapeutic Keratoplasty in Corneal Melting. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):61-65.
Corneal Ectasia after PRK
Authors: Mortensen Jes Nörgaard
Published: April 2012

It is well known that jatrogenic ectasia is lower in PRK compared to LASIK. The true incidence of post-LASIK and post-PRK ectasia remains unknown according to Dr Marguerite B McDonald. Corneal ectasia after PRK was reported to start after 3 to 5 years and after LASIK 6 to 18 months. The author reports of a case with corneal ectasia after PRK in both eyes that started after 16 years. Inspite of corneal cross-linking the progression of the ectasia progressed in both eyes.

How to cite this article

Mortensen JN. Corneal Ectasia after PRK. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):73-74.
Evaluating the Greenness of Synthesis
Authors: Constable David J.C. , Jiménez‐González Concepción “Conchita”
Published: April 2012

This chapter covers the typical metrics that can be used to evaluate the greenness of chemical synthesis. The discussion also illustrates the need to develop green metrics for chemical processes in a holistic fashion and from a systems point of view across a range of disciplines, where trade‐offs are often encountered amongst the metrics.
Development and Application of Isocyanide‐based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Zhu Jieping , Wang Qian , Wang Mei‐Xiang
Published: April 2012

Multicomponent reaction (MCR) is a process in which three or more reactants are combined in a single chemical operation to produce a compound that incorporates substantial portions of all starting materials. They are by definition sustainable chemistry and are inherently

chemo‐ and regioselective, a prerequisite for a successful MCR since at least three reactive functional groups are involved and they react in an ordered and selective fashion;

atom‐economic since most of them involve addition rather than substitution reactions;

step‐efficient since they create at least two chemical bonds in one operation;

convergent and efficient in generating molecular complexity and diversity;

cost‐effective since they reduce waste production significantly by minimizing the number of costly end‐of‐pipe treatments by decreasing the number of synthetic steps;

operationally simple since most of the MCRs are performed under mild reaction conditions and in some cases even proceed spontaneously in the absence of an external reagent.

Using isocyanide‐based MCRs as examples, the recent development and applications of this family of MCRs are illustrated in the context of green chemistry. Most of MCRs discussed in this chapter satisfy the following criteria:

need no external reagent or, if required, in only a catalytic amount;

produce minimum amounts of side products, in most cases water and low molecular weight alcohols;

require no protective groups;

create more than two chemical bonds.
Flow Syntheses
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul
Published: April 2012

With the chemical industry acknowledging its pivotal role in the development and application of sustainable processes, the emergence of micro reaction technology, and more broadly flow chemistry, has captured the attention of chemists in all disciplines, ranging from those involved in research and development to those concerned with large‐scale production. From a financial perspective, there are several drivers for the chemical industry to adopt greener and more sustainable practices; these include the increasing costs associated with petrochemicals and hazardous waste disposal, along with problems associated with the supply of chemicals; recently highlighted by the worldwide shortage of acetonitrile. An example of the form that such an improvement might take includes increasing atom efficiency; this could be achieved through the use of catalysts, reducing the number of reaction steps, or moving towards multicomponent reactions, all of which reduce the volume of hazardous waste generated and raw materials consumed.